bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The approximate solution of nonlinear heat equation
Authors: Aruova Aliya , Beisebay Perizat , Akzhigitov Yerbulat , Tilepiev Murat
Published: May 2023

Nowadays there are many approximate methods for thermal conductivity calculation, that lead to satisfactory outcomes in engineering practice. With the new approach, the solution of the nonlinear thermal conductivity equation was investigated. In addition to this, we reviewed the approximate solution of the nonlinear equation of thermal conductivity with cubic nonlinearity. To solve the problems of mathematical analysis, differential and integral equations, and boundary value problems of mathematical physics, difference, and interpolation are applied. Thus, for thinking of the effectiveness and reasonableness of these approaches, it is crucial for their theoretical investigation. The solution to these questions was found for each class of equation and each of its methods in their way and was often represented as significant difficulty, and in many cases was an obstacle for the current time. A natural approach to solving this issue is the use of the ideas of functional analysis. The variational principle initially was considered as a variational approach for solving linear functional equations and finding eigenvalues of linear operators. As in any variational approach, the problem of solving an equation will be brought to finding the extremum of the certain function of a special type, given over the entire space. It was found that the approach is useful in a way of minimizing functions of the more general type.
Runoff response of a hydrophobic soil under high intensity rains
Authors: Holko Ladislav , Lichner Ľubomír , Kollár Jozef , Šurda Peter , Danko Michal , Zvala Anton , Kidron Giora J.
Published: May 2023

Water repellent soils represent some of the most responsive natural surfaces from the point of view of overland flow generation. Measurement of the runoff response of such soils can therefore provide characteristics that can help constrain hydrological models or improve the conceptual models of hillslope runoff generation. We have analysed the overland flow characteristics of water repellent sandy soils at three sites with different dominant vegetation (hereafter denoted as the lichen, moss and herb sites) and following vegetation removal (scalping) during extreme rainfall events created by a rainfall simulator (three consecutive sprinklings at 2.1 mm min−1 for 15 min each with a 5 min hiatus between the sprinklings). Despite the extreme water repellency (WR) and rainfall intensity, on average just up to a half of the rainfall left the plots as an overland flow. Whilst the overland flow mostly generated quickly (on average within 50–120 s), the vegetation substantially delayed its appearance (by approximately 100% compared to scalped plots). The median values of the runoff coefficients were 6% and 49% on the soil with and without vegetation, respectively. Good relationships between the overland flow characteristics and soil moisture were found only for the scalped plots. Although the time to runoff and runoff coefficients after each of the three consecutive sprinklings were not substantially different, the differences between the soil with and without vegetation remained substantial. The results indicated: (a) high variability within each of the sites, including the lichen site that appeared homogenous; (b) all vegetated plots retained a higher amount of water than the scalped plots; (c) although all sites exhibited high WR, the combined influence of preferential flow, higher hydraulic conductivity and specific vegetation (soapwort, black locust) mitigated its effects at the herb site; (d) the relatively lower overland flow at that site may point to subsurface flow.
Standardizing case definitions for monitoring the safety of maternal vaccines globally: GAIA definitions, a review of progress to date
Authors: Davies Hannah G. , Bowman Conor , Watson Gabriella , Dodd Caitlin , Jones Christine E. , Munoz Flor M. , Heath Paul T. , Cutland Clare L. , Le Doare Kirsty
Published: May 2023

In 2014, the Global Alignment on Immunization safety Assessment in pregnancy consortium (GAIA) was formed, with the goal of developing a harmonized, globally‐concerted approach to actively monitor the safety of vaccines in pregnancy. A total of 26 standardized definitions for the classification of adverse events have been developed. The aim of this review was to identify and describe studies undertaken to assess the performance of these definitions. A literature search was undertaken to identify published studies assessing the performance of the definitions, and reference lists were snowballed. Data were abstracted by two investigators and a narrative review of the results is presented. Four studies that have evaluated 13 GAIA case definitions (50%) were identified. Five case definitions have been assessed in high‐income settings only. Recommendations have been made by the investigators to improve the performance of the definitions. These include ensuring consistency across definitions, removal of the potential for ambiguity or variations in interpretation and ensuring that higher‐level criteria are acceptable at lower levels of confidence. Future research should prioritize the key case definitions that have not been assessed in low‐ and middle‐income settings, as well as the 13 that have not undergone any validation.
Delivery after a previous cesarean section reviewed
Authors: Turner Michael J.
Published: May 2023

At the start of the 20th century, cesarean section (CS) was uncommon in obstetrics. By the end of the century, CS rates had increased dramatically worldwide. Although the explanation for the increase is multifactorial, a major driver in the ongoing escalation is the increase in women who are delivered by repeat CS. This is due, in part, to the fact that there has been a sharp fall in vaginal birth after CS (VBAC) rates as fewer women are offered a trial of labor after CS (TOLAC), due principally to fears of a catastrophic intrapartum uterine rupture. This paper reviewed international VBAC policies and trends. A number of themes emerged. The risk of intrapartum rupture and its associated complications is low and may sometimes be overestimated. Individual maternity hospitals in both developed and developing countries are inadequately resourced to safely supervise a TOLAC. Efforts to mitigate the risks of TOLAC by careful patient selection and good clinical practices may be underutilized. Given the serious short‐term and long‐term consequences of rising CS rates for women and for maternity services generally, a review of TOLAC policies worldwide should be prioritized and consideration given to convening a Global Consensus Development Conference on Delivery after CS.
Experiences of genetic counseling students with disabilities and chronic illnesses: A qualitative study
Authors: Epstein Rachel , Fuerstman Laura , Heidlebaugh Alexis , Schiller Julia , Zayhowski Kimberly
Published: May 2023

While many patients with disabilities or chronic illnesses are served by genetic counselors, little effort has been made to promote the inclusion of individuals with disabilities and chronic illnesses as professionals in the genetic counseling field. Genetic counselors with disabilities and chronic illnesses have reported insufficient support from their colleagues throughout all stages of their professional journeys, but there is a lack of research exploring these challenges. To gain an understanding of the experiences of this community during graduate training, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 13 recent graduates of genetic counseling programs who identify as having a disability or chronic illness. Questions explored various aspects of the graduate school experience including challenges, strengths, relationships, disclosure, and accommodations. Qualitative thematic analysis of interview transcripts resulted in six themes: (1) decisions around disclosure are complex, (2) interactions with others contribute to feeling misunderstood, (3) the high‐performance culture in graduate programs makes it challenging to meet personal needs, (4) interpersonal relationships provide support, (5) the accommodation process is often disappointing, and (6) lived experiences are valuable to patients. This study reveals opportunities to better support genetic counseling students with disabilities and chronic illnesses through strengthening inclusion efforts, shifting away from ableist ideologies, and promoting more flexible training options.
A combined diagnostic model based on circulating tumor cell in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Peng , Fei Xiang , Che Shuyu , Li Jinlong , Xuan Yunpeng , Wang Jinglong , Han Yudong , Gu Weiqing , Wang Yongjie
Published: May 2023

Background

Although many prediction models in diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) have been developed, few are widely used in clinical practice. It is therefore imperative to identify novel biomarkers and prediction models supporting early diagnosis of SPNs. This study combined folate receptor‐positive circulating tumor cells (FR+CTC) with serum tumor biomarkers, patient demographics and clinical characteristics to develop a prediction model.

Methods

A total of 898 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule who received FR+CTC detection were randomly assigned to a training set and a validation set in a 2:1 ratio. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish a diagnostic model to differentiate malignant and benign nodules. The receiver operating curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic efficiency of the model.

Results

The positive rate of FR+CTC between patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and benign lung disease was significantly different in both the training and the validation dataset (p < 0.001). The FR+CTC level was significantly higher in the NSCLC group compared with that of the benign group (p < 0.001). FR+CTC (odds ratio, OR, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.13, 1.07–1.19, p < 0.0001), age (OR, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.01–1.12, p = 0.03) and sex (OR, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.01–1.13, p = 0.01) were independent risk factors of NSCLC in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule. The area under the curve (AUC) of FR+CTC in diagnosing NSCLC was 0.650 (95% CI, 0.587–0.713) in the training set and 0.700 (95% CI, 0.603–0.796) in the validation set, respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.725 (95% CI, 0.659–0.791) in the training set and 0.828 (95% CI, 0.754–0.902) in the validation set, respectively.

Conclusions

We confirmed the value of FR+CTC in diagnosing SPNs and developed a prediction model based on FR+CTC, demographic characteristics, and serum biomarkers for differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.
Synthesis, surface activity and performance in “green” shampoo formulations of new carboxybetaine‐type surfactants
Authors: Lamch Łukasz , Witek Kamila , Oszczęda Weronika , Wilk Kazimiera A.
Published: May 2023

Novel zwitterionic surfactants—(N‐methylalkylamide‐derived) [3‐(alkylmethylamino)‐3‐oxopropyl] dimethylammonium acetates (abbr. CnDMPAB, n = 10, 12, 14, and 16) have been rationally designed as multifunctional surface active compounds with the intended characteristics toward their application in natural shampoo formulations. The synthetic routes included the alkylation of N‐methyl‐N‐alkylamines with methyl 3‐(dimethylamino)propionate, followed by betainization, while the purification steps enabled the isolation of high‐purity products for physicochemical analyses. Surface activity and micellization properties of novel CnDMPAB surfactants were studied by surface tension isotherms, and their wettability by advancing and receding contact angle measurements utilizing the Wilhelmy method. The aim of these studies was to exhibit the full potential of CnDMPAB series compounds as the multifunctional components of modern, salt‐free shampoo formulations with confirmed natural origin. The performance activity studies of shampoos, containing CnDMPAB surfactants, as well as model formulation (with commercial cocoamidopropyl betaine), included organoleptic and foaming characteristics, viscosity measurements, dispersibility in distilled and tap water as well as microbiological characteristics. Our studies showed great potential of novel CnDMPAB surfactants in replacing commercial cocoamidopropyl betaine, especially considering their increased viscosity, faster dispersibility as well as enhanced natural origin content.
Utilizing a Functional Lumen Imaging Probe for Evaluation of the Pediatric Airway, A Pilot Study
Authors: Shen Sarek A. , Ding Andy S. , Zhao Jared , Seo Stefanie , Ng Kenneth , Walsh Jonathan
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Accurate and reproducible measurements of the pediatric airway are critical for diagnostic evaluation and management of subglottic and tracheal stenosis. The endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) is a catheter‐based imaging probe which utilizes impedance planimetry to calculate luminal parameters, including cross‐sectional area and compliance. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of this system for multidimensional evaluation of the pediatric airway.

Methods

3D‐printed pediatric laryngotracheal models were created based on computed tomography scans, then artificially deformed to simulate both circumferential and posterior subglottic stenosis. Two observers made six measurements of the minimum cross‐sectional area (MCSA) and length of stenosis of each model with EndoFLIP. Agreement between observer measurements and model dimensions was evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient; inter‐observer reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation.

Results

Four models were created: two without pathology (MCSA: 132.4, 44.3 mm2) and two with subglottic stenosis (MCSA: 28.7, 59.7 mm2, stenotic length 27.8, 24.4 mm). Observer measurements of MCSA and length of stenosis demonstrated high concordance with the models (r = 0.99, 0.95, p < 0.001) with a mean error of 4.5% and 18.2% respectively. There was a low coefficient of variation (0.6%–2.8%) for measurements, indicating high precision. Interrater reliability was high for both MCSA and stenotic length (ICC: 0.99, 0.98).

Conclusions

The EndoFLIP system allows for accurate and reproducible measurements of cross‐sectional area and stenotic length in pediatric airway models. This method may provide further advantages in the evaluation of airway distensibility, as well as measurements of asymmetric airway pathology.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:108–112, 2024
Dynamic Response of Surface‐Bound Peptides to a pH Perturbation Under Controlled Electrostatic Conditions
Authors: Moonitz Sasha A. , Noriega Rodrigo
Published: May 2023

The dynamic conformations of a thin peptide film covalently‐linked to the surface of a transparent electrode are characterized over the course of a perturbation to their local pH by a photoacid under a controlled electrostatic potential. The local environment at this functionalized electrified interface is probed by the ultrafast fluorescence intensity and transient anisotropy of chromophores sparsely attached to the peptide side chains. A partition of chromophores into two sub‐populations is observed, one buried in the peptide layer and another that is solvent exposed, and their relative contributions to the observed fluorescence signal are affected by both pH and voltage stimuli. The photophysical properties of solvent‐exposed chromophores reveal that while the average conformation of the peptide mat is dictated by the pH of the surrounding electrolyte, their fluctuations are largely determined by the local electrostatic conditions set by the electrode's surface potential.
Optimum fractionation of radiation to combine PD‐1 blockade
Authors: Teng Feifei , Yin Tianwen , Ju Xiao , Wang Peiliang , Wang Yungang , Yu Jinming
Published: May 2023

The optimum fractionation of radiation to combine with immune checkpoint blockade is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the fractionated radiation to maximize immunity during combination therapy. To evaluate the abscopal effect, C57BL/6 hPD‐1 knock‐in mice bearing two syngeneic contralateral MC38 murine colon cancer tumors were treated with four distinct regimens of radiotherapy. Three fractions of 8 Gy were chosen as the optimal fractionation to combine with anti‐PD‐1 as the optimal fractionation for maximizing immunity. Anti‐PD‐1 administration enhanced both local and systemic antitumor immunity in a cytotoxic T cell–dependent manner. Meanwhile, the spleen exhibited decreased myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) under combination treatment. Furthermore, RNA‐sequencing revealed significantly increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and cytokines associated with lymphocyte infiltration in the combining group. Here we demonstrate that the hypofractionation of 8 Gy × 3f was the optimum‐fractionated dosage to maximize immunity, and the combination of anti‐PD‐1 showed promising results in boosting abscopal effect. Underlying mechanisms may include the activation of T cells and the reduction of MDSCs, which is achieved through the action of TNF and related cytokines. This study indicates a radioimmunotherapy dosage painting method that can be developed to overcome present limitations in tumor immunosuppression.
Resale in second‐price auctions with private entry
Authors: Cao Xiaoyong , Yang Yunxia , Li Siru
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the effects of resale on bidders' entry decisions, social welfare, and seller's expected revenue in a second‐price auction with two‐dimensional private information on values and participation costs. We establish the existence of symmetric entry equilibrium and identify sufficient conditions under which the equilibrium is unique. We show that when resale is allowed, the low‐cost bidders become more aggressive on entry, while the high‐cost bidders are less likely to enter. Furthermore, our analysis also suggests resale allowance can increase the social welfare under a sufficient condition, which depends on the magnitude of bargaining power, and its effect on expected revenue is ambiguous.
Can local social norms motivate green innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: An Yahui , Qin Zezheng
Published: May 2023

Our research suggests that the attention of local residents to environmental issues can influence green innovation by local firms. We examine the level of local attention to environmental issues (hereafter, local attention) and the number of green patents held by firms headquartered in these locations and find a positive correlation between local attention and the level of green innovation. We also find that this relationship is strengthened by local government subsidies. We provide evidence of the regulatory effect of local attention on chemical releases by local firms and demonstrate that local attention can be an effective estimator of local social norms.
Accelerating the integration of ChatGPT and other large‐scale AI models into biomedical research and healthcare
Authors: Wang Ding‐Qiao , Feng Long‐Yu , Ye Jin‐Guo , Zou Jin‐Gen , Zheng Ying‐Feng
Published: May 2023

Large‐scale artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT have the potential to improve performance on many benchmarks and real‐world tasks. However, it is difficult to develop and maintain these models because of their complexity and resource requirements. As a result, they are still inaccessible to healthcare industries and clinicians. This situation might soon be changed because of advancements in graphics processing unit (GPU) programming and parallel computing. More importantly, leveraging existing large‐scale AIs such as GPT‐4 and Med‐PaLM and integrating them into multiagent models (e.g., Visual‐ChatGPT) will facilitate real‐world implementations. This review aims to raise awareness of the potential applications of these models in healthcare. We provide a general overview of several advanced large‐scale AI models, including language models, vision‐language models, graph learning models, language‐conditioned multiagent models, and multimodal embodied models. We discuss their potential medical applications in addition to the challenges and future directions. Importantly, we stress the need to align these models with human values and goals, such as using reinforcement learning from human feedback, to ensure that they provide accurate and personalized insights that support human decision‐making and improve healthcare outcomes.
Stability and asymptotics for fractional delay diffusion‐wave equations
Authors: Yao Zichen , Yang Zhanwen
Published: May 2023

The asymptotic stability and long‐time decay rates of solutions to linear Caputo time‐fractional ordinary differential equations (FODEs) with order both and are known to be completely determined by the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices. Very different from the exponential decay of solutions to classical ordinary differential equations, solutions of FODEs decay only polynomially, leading to the so‐called Mittag–Leffler stability, which was already extended to linear fractional delay differential equations (FDDEs) with order . However, the study on the long‐time decay rates of the solutions for FDDEs with order is scarce. Hence, this paper is devoted to the asymptotical stability and long‐time decay rates for a class of FDDEs with , that is, fractional delay diffusion‐wave equations. We reformulate the fractional delay diffusion‐wave equations to infinite‐dimensional FDDEs by the eigenvalue decomposition method. Through a detailed analysis for the characteristic equations, a novel necessary and sufficient stability condition is established in a coefficient criterion. Moreover, we are able to deal with the awful singularities caused by delay and fractional exponent by introducing a novel integral path, and hence to give an accurate estimation for the fractional resolvent operators. We show that the long‐time decay rates of the solutions for both linear FDDEs and fractional delay diffusion‐wave equations are . Finally, an example of an application model with feedback control is provided to show the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Analysis of fractional integro causal evolution impulsive systems on time scales
Authors: Pervaiz Bakhtawar , Zada Akbar , Popa Ioan‐Lucian , Ben Moussa Sana , El‐Gawad Hala H. Abd
Published: May 2023

In this article, we study the existence and uniqueness along with Ulam‐type stability of fractional integro causal evolution impulsive systems on time scales. To establish our main results, we use Picard operator along with abstract Grönwall inequality and Gröwall lemma. We constitute some assertions to remove difficulties. At the end, the results are demonstrated via the support of an example.
Pantethine Ameliorates Recognition Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Modulating Cholesterol Content and Intestinal Flora Species
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Li Yongsui , Chen Minyu , Liu Xinwei , Chen Jinghong , Li Xinlu , Wang Chao , Wan Guohui , Tian Jing
Published: May 2023

Scope

As a natural dietary low‐molecular‐weight thiol, pantethine helps maintain brain homeostasis and function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. The current study aims to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of pantethine on the mitigation of cognitive deficits and pathology in a triple transgenic AD mouse model.

Methods and results

Compared to control mice, oral administration of pantethine improve spatial learning and memory ability, relieve anxiety, and reduce the production of amyloid‐β (Aβ), neuronal damage, and inflammation in 3×Tg‐AD mice. Pantethine reduces body weight, body fat, and the production of cholesterol in 3×Tg‐AD mice by inhibiting sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP2) signal pathway and apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression; lipid rafts in the brain, which are necessary for the processing of the Aβ precursor protein (APP), are also decreased. In addition, pantethine regulates the composition, distribution, and abundance of characteristic flora in the intestine; these floras are considered protective and anti‐inflammatory in the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting a possible improvement in the gut flora of 3×Tg‐AD mice.

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential therapeutic effect of pantethine in AD by reducing cholesterol and lipid raft formation and regulating intestinal flora, suggesting a new option for the development of clinical drugs for AD.
Display Week 2023 Celebrates Diamond Jubilee
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: May 2023

This issue of Information Display (ID) releases concurrently with the start of Display Week 2023 in the heart of Los Angeles (May 21–26). We're calling this our Diamond Jubilee because it was 60 years ago that the first SID conference convened.
The strategies and challenges of community foundations in community building: The making of cloakroom communities
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun
Published: May 2023

In a volatile, uncertain, and heterogeneous world, community philanthropic organizations play critical roles in community building. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the strategies of community philanthropic organizations in community building and the tensions they encounter in fluid communities. This study investigated four community foundations in highly mobile and diverse suburban communities and found that the strategies of community building involved highlighting the distinctiveness of locality, protecting the integrity of localities against the control of the metropolis, ensuring geographic representation of foundation leadership, and building an inclusive community identity that acknowledges diversity. Nevertheless, with the concern of alienating donors of dispersed interests, community‐building efforts have only created what Zygmunt Bauman calls the “cloakroom community,” a substitute for genuine communities, where people come together for a time, but their individual concerns are not blended into group interests, and collective actions to address community issues do not occur. This deters community foundations from effectively engaging local people and creating long‐lasting social solidarity.
Treatment adherence and associated factors in older people with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study
Authors: Maghsoudi Zahra , Sadeghi Amir , Oshvandi Khodayar , Ebadi Abbas , Tapak Leili
Published: May 2023

Patient Contribution

Older people with T2D participated in this study to achieve the objective of the study.

Aim

Treatment adherence is an important indicator for evaluating successful diabetes control and overall disease management. It is necessary to identify the hidden themes of the concept of treatment adherence and related factors based on the experiences of older people with T2D. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the concept of treatment adherence and its associated factors in older people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Design

The study was conducted as a qualitative study using a content analysis approach.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 older people with T2D, between May and September 2021. Data were organized using MAXQDA‐10 software and analysed using the Elo and Kyngas qualitative content analysis method. We followed the COREQ Checklist to ensure rigour in our study.

Results

Three themes emerged from the analysis of the data, including: ‘Health literacy’, ‘Support umbrella’ and ‘responsibility’.
Upward bound students' experience with bias in healthcare: An application of critical race theory
Authors: Hilliard Elizabeth , Twiss Brittany , Pearson Michelle
Published: May 2023

Aims

To explore how students participating in Trio Upward Bound, a federally funded program for low‐income and future first‐time college students, experience bias when seeking healthcare.

Design

Qualitative group discussion.

Methods

Twenty‐six Trio Upward Bound students participated in a group discussion about their experiences in healthcare. Questions for the discussion were developed using Critical Race Theory. Student comments were analysed and coded using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results were reported using Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results

Students reported experiencing bias in the healthcare setting because of age, race, native language, traditional dress and/or ability to advocate for their rights. Three themes emerged: communication, invisibility and healthcare rights. Through these themes students expressed how their experiences with healthcare lead to further cultural mistrust and mistrust of healthcare providers. The comments provided by students included examples of the five tenets of Critical Race Theory: the permanence of racism, colorblindness, interest convergence, Whiteness as property, and the critique of liberalism. Among this group of adolescents, early negative experiences in healthcare have led some to avoid seeking treatment. As this continues into adulthood it may further health disparities in these groups. Critical Race Theory is a valuable tool in understanding how race, class and age intersect to create disparities in healthcare.
Key issues in teaching and learning resulting from the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bates Tony
Published: May 2023

This article examines the impact of emergency remote learning and draws on both current and prior research to suggest ways forward in teaching and learning in higher education. Synchronous online learning was the primary delivery method during the Covid‐19 pandemic, but research has identified many limitations in this form of delivery, as well as some benefits. Many lessons and best practices in online learning had been developed before the pandemic, but these have been largely ignored both during and following the pandemic. The author suggests that hybrid learning (a mix of in‐person and online) is in general the future of teaching and learning in higher education, although there will be important but specific markets for both wholly in‐person and fully online learning. Research has indicated that effective online and hybrid learning requires a major shift in teaching, and particularly in assessment methods, from those used in classroom teaching. This presents a major challenge for faculty development, and some strategies to meet this challenge are suggested.
Outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in 126 children and adolescents with central nervous system tumors
Authors: Moreira Daniel C. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Chen Yichen , Bhakta Nickhill , Chantada Guillermo L. , Santana Victor M. , Caniza Miguela A. , Devidas Meenakshi , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Bouffet Eric , Mukkada Sheena ,   the Global Registry of COVID‐19 in Childhood Cancer
Published: May 2023

Background

The Global Registry of COVID‐19 in Childhood Cancer (GRCCC) seeks to describe the natural history of SARS‐CoV‐2 in children with cancer across the world. Here, we report the disease course and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in the subset of children and adolescents with central nervous system (CNS) tumors who were included in the GRCCC until February 2021, the first data freeze.

Procedure

The GRCCC is a deidentified web‐based registry of patients less than 19 years of age with cancer or recipients of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant and laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Demographic data, cancer diagnosis, cancer‐directed therapy, and clinical characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were collected. Outcomes were collected at 30 and 60 days post infection.

Results

The GRCCC included 1500 cases from 45 countries, including 126 children with CNS tumors (8.4%). Sixty percent of the cases were from middle‐income countries, while no cases were reported from low‐income countries. Low‐grade gliomas, high‐grade gliomas, and CNS embryonal tumors were the most common CNS cancer diagnoses (67%, 84/126). Follow‐up at 30 days was available for 107 (85%) patients. Based on the composite measure of severity, 53.3% (57/107) of reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infections were asymptomatic, 39.3% (42/107) were mild/moderate, and 6.5% (7/107) were severe or critical. One patient died from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. There was a significant association between infection severity and absolute neutrophil count less than 500 (p = .04). Of 107 patients with follow‐up available, 40 patients (37.4%) were not receiving cancer‐directed therapy. Thirty‐four patients (50.7%) had a modification to their treatment due to withholding of chemotherapy or delays in radiotherapy or surgery.

Conclusion

In this cohort of patients with CNS tumors and COVID‐19, the frequency of severe infection appears to be low, although severe disease and death do occur. We found that greater severity was seen in patients with severe neutropenia, although treatment modifications were not associated with infection severity or cytopenias. Additional analyses are needed to further describe this unique group of patients.
TP53 germline pathogenic variant frequency in anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma: A Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Fair Douglas , Maese Luke , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Li Minjie , Hawkins Douglas S. , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Rudzinski Erin , Parham David , Teot Lisa , Malkin David , Plon Sharon E. , Li He , Sabo Aniko , Lupo Philip J. , Schiffman Joshua D.
Published: May 2023

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a well‐described cancer in Li–Fraumeni syndrome, resulting from germline TP53 pathogenic variants (PVs). RMS exhibiting anaplasia (anRMS) are associated with a high rate of germline TP53 PVs. This study provides updated estimates of the prevalence of TP53 germline PVs in RMS (3%) and anRMS (11%) from a large cohort (n = 239) enrolled in five Children's Oncology Group (COG) clinical trials. Although the prevalence of germline TP53 PVs in patients with anRMS in this series is much lower than previously reported, this prevalence remains elevated. Germline evaluation for TP53 PVs should be strongly considered in patients with anRMS.
Central nervous system thrombosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Turkey: A multicenter study
Authors: Guzelkucuk Zeliha , Karapınar Deniz Yılmaz , Gelen Sema Aylan , Tokgoz Huseyin , Ozcan Alper , Ay Yılmaz , Bahadır Aysenur , Ozbek Namik Yasar , Oren Ayse Ceyda , Ayhan Aylin Canbolat , Akyay Arzu , Akıncı Burcu , Karadas Nihal , Unuvar Aysegul , Oren Hale , Fettah Ali , Kaya Zuhre , Isık Bilgen , Eker İbrahim , Karaman Serap , Yıldırım Aysen Turedi , Orhan Mehmet Fatih , Oymak Yesim , Timur Cetin , Yazici Nalan , Simsek Ayse , Karakurt Neslihan , Toret Ersin , Evim Melike Sezgin
Published: May 2023

Background

In patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the risk of thromboembolism increases due to hemostatic changes secondary to the primary disease and due to treatment‐related factors. In this multicenter study, we aimed to research the frequency of central nervous system (CNS) thrombosis occurring during treatment, hereditary and acquired risk factors, clinical and laboratory features of patients with thrombosis, treatment approaches, and thrombosis‐related mortality and morbidity rates in pediatric ALL patients.

Procedure

Pediatric patients who developed CNS thrombosis during ALL treatment from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively in 25 different Pediatric Hematology Oncology centers in Türkiye. The demographic characteristics of the patients, symptoms associated with thrombosis, the stage of the leukemia treatment during thrombosis, the anticoagulant therapy applied for thrombosis, and the final status of the patients recorded through electronic medical records were determined.

Results

Data from 70 patients with CNS thrombosis during treatment, out of 3968 pediatric patients with ALL, were reviewed. The incidence of CNS thrombosis was 1.8% (venous: 1.5 %; arterial: 0.03%). Among patients with CNS thrombosis, 47 had the event in the first 2 months. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was the most commonly used treatment with a median of 6 months (min–max: 3–28 months). No treatment‐related complications occurred. Chronic thrombosis findings occurred in four patients (6%). In five (7%) patients who developed cerebral vein thrombosis, neurological sequelae (epilepsy and neurological deficit) remained. One patient died related to thrombosis, and the mortality rate was 1.4%.

Conclusion

Cerebral venous thrombosis and, less frequently, cerebral arterial thrombosis may develop in patients with ALL. The incidence of CNS thrombosis is higher during induction therapy than during other courses of treatment. Therefore, patients receiving induction therapy should be monitored carefully for clinical findings suggestive of CNS thrombosis.
Feasibility of indocyanine green‐guided localization of pulmonary nodules in children with solid tumors
Authors: Abdelhafeez Abdelhafeez H. , Mothi Suraj Sarvode , Pio Luca , Mori Motomi , Santiago Teresa C. , McCarville M. Beth , Kaste Sue C. , Pappo Alberto S. , Talbot Lindsay J. , Murphy Andrew J. , Davidoff Andrew M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Clearing all pulmonary metastases is essential for curing pediatric solid tumors. However, intraoperative localization of such pulmonary nodules can be challenging. Therefore, an intraoperative tool that localizes pulmonary metastases is needed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic resections. Indocyanine green (ICG) real‐time fluorescence imaging is used for this purpose in adult solid tumors, but its utility in pediatric solid tumors has not been determined.

Methods

A single‐center, open‐label, nonrandomized, prospective clinical trial (NCT04084067) was conducted to assess the ability of ICG to localize pulmonary metastases of pediatric solid tumors. Patients with pulmonary lesions who required resection, either for therapeutic or diagnostic intent, were included. Patients received a 15‐minute intravenous infusion of ICG (1.5 mg/kg), and pulmonary metastasectomy was performed the following day. A near‐infrared spectroscopy iridium system was optimized to detect ICG, and all procedures were photo‐documented and recorded.

Results

ICG‐guided pulmonary metastasectomies were performed in 12 patients (median age: 10.5 years). A total of 79 nodules were visualized, 13 of which were not detected by preoperative imaging. Histologic examination confirmed the following histologies: hepatoblastoma (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 2), and one each of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, atypical cartilaginous tumor, neuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and papillary thyroid carcinoma. ICG guidance failed to localize pulmonary metastases in five (42%) patients who had inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, atypical cartilaginous tumor, neuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, or papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Conclusions

ICG‐guided identification of pulmonary nodules is not feasible for all pediatric solid tumors. However, it may localize most metastatic hepatic tumors and high‐grade sarcomas in children.
The impact of social and emotional learning on students' bullying behavior: Serial mediation of social and emotional competence and peer relationship
Authors: You Yushi , Zhang Siyi , Zhang Wanying , Mao Yaqing
Published: May 2023

Social and emotional learning (SEL) has gradually implemented in Chinese schools and is considered as an effective way to improve students' performance. This research aimed to study the influence of SEL on students' bullying behavior, and the role that social and emotional competence (SEC) and peer relationship play in SEL and students' bullying. The participants were 2049 students in primary and secondary schools in Beijing, China. SEM was used to examine the mediating role of SEC and peer relationship. The study found that SEL can significantly predict students' bullying behavior. In addition, SEC and peer relationship sequentially mediate the relationship between SEL and students' bullying behavior.
The burnout experience among teachers: A profile analysis
Authors: Mota Ana Isabel , Lopes João , Oliveira Célia
Published: May 2023

The burnout syndrome is a public health problem and is considered a subjective experience, which depends on the interpretation and evaluation individuals make of their work. In the educational context, the causes and consequences of burnout in teachers are multiple. The aim of this study is to explore the profiles of teachers with burnout and teachers without burnout in terms of (i) cognitive appraisal, (ii) perceived organizational justice, (iii) perception of administrative tasks, (iv) perception of students' misbehavior, and (v) perceived impact of parents' role on teachers' well‐being. A total of 1878 Portuguese teachers from primary to secondary education, 81% women and 19% men, aged between 23 and 66 years (M = 48; SD = 7.67) participated in this study. The results indicate statistically significant differences between teachers with and without burnout, although the two groups show an identical response pattern (i.e., parallel). The results also suggest that administrative tasks, distributive justice of rewards, students' misbehavior, and parents, negatively impact the teachers' well‐being, regardless of whether they are burned out or not. The threat and challenge perceptions are the variables with the most accentuated average differences between teachers of the two groups.
Children with uncontrolled asthma from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods: Needs assessment and the development of a school‐based telehealth and electronic inhaler monitoring system
Authors: Ramsey Rachelle R. , Noser Amy , McDowell Karen M. , Sherman Susan N. , Hommel Kevin A. , Guilbert Theresa W.
Published: May 2023

Background

Children from economically disadvantaged communities often encounter healthcare access barriers, increasing risk for poorly controlled asthma and subsequent healthcare utilization. This highlights the need to identify novel intervention strategies for these families.

Objective

To better understand the needs and treatment preferences for asthma management in children from economically disadvantaged communities and to develop a novel asthma management intervention based on an initial needs assessment and stakeholder feedback.

Methods

Semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 19 children (10–17 years old) with uncontrolled asthma and their caregivers, 14 school nurses, 8 primary care physicians, and three school resource coordinators from economically disadvantaged communities. Interviews and focus groups were audio‐taped and transcribed verbatim and then analyzed thematically to inform intervention development. Using stakeholder input, an intervention was developed for children with uncontrolled asthma and presented to participants for feedback to fully develop a novel intervention.

Results

The needs assessment resulted in five themes: (1) barriers to quality asthma care, (2) poor communication across care providers, (3) problems identifying and managing symptoms and triggers among families, (4) difficulties with adherence, and (5) stigma. A proposed video‐based telehealth intervention was proposed to stakeholders who provided favorable and informative feedback for the final development of the intervention for children with uncontrolled asthma.

Conclusions

Stakeholder input and feedback provided information critical to the development of a multicomponent (medical and behavioral) intervention in a school setting that uses technology to facilitate care, collaboration, and communication among key stakeholders to improve asthma management for children from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Multi‐spectral flare designs using both red‐ and green‐light emitters: Progress towards wavelength selectable signals
Authors: Kotter Lance N. , Bouma Richard H. B. , Groven Lori J.
Published: May 2023

Pyrotechnic flares are used extensively, with each color relating to specific information such as landing zone, enemy location, medical evacuation, or submarine location. While all current military flares are restricted to a single illumination color, progress towards a wavelength selectable signal and/or multispectral signal is of interest. In this effort, we use additive manufacturing, via direct ink write approach, to print three unique configurations with green/red light emitter compositions (GLE/RLE). Varying the infill design provides the opportunity to fire either of the base colors individually (red‐ and/or green‐light illuminant) or to fire them simultaneously to achieve a multispectral result. In this work, architecture is shown to play a critical role, and when the GLE composition is approx. 70 wt% of the overall, then a reasonable multi‐spectral result is achieved. While early, this work demonstrates that there is significant promise to optimize wavelength selectable signals via architecture achievable with additive manufacturing.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the adipose tissue and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 are involved in tacrolimus‐induced diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sun Xiaoxia , Wang Hongyang , Chi Jingwei , Che Kui , Wang Yangang
Published: May 2023

Tacrolimus is an independent risk factor for new‐onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). This study aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying tacrolimus‐induced NODAT. About 80 kidney‐transplant patients receiving tacrolimus were divided into NODAT and non‐NODAT groups after 1 year. Binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for NODAT. Insulin resistance indices were estimated using the homeostasis model assessment. The blood levels of 13 adipocytokines were measured 1 week after transplantation. A tacrolimus‐induced diabetes mouse model was used to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The cumulative NODAT incidence was 12.7% at 1 year (median, 6 months; range, 3–12 months). Tacrolimus trough levels ≥10 ng/mL during the first 3 months (odds ratio: 2.54, p = .012) were related to NODAT. Insulin resistance indices were higher in NODAT patients than in non‐NODAT patients at 3, 6, and 12 months. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 was overexpressed in blood in NODAT patients. In the animal experiments, postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, insulin pathway protein levels in adipose tissue, MCP‐1 expression in blood and adipose tissue, and number of macrophages in adipose tissue were markedly higher in tacrolimus‐treated mice than in control mice, and these increases were dose‐dependent. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins in adipose tissue was increased in a tacrolimus dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, tacrolimus‐induced insulin resistance. Tacrolimus trough levels ≥10 ng/mL during the first 3 postoperative months were an independent risk factor for NODAT. ER stress and MCP‐1 underlie tacrolimus‐induced diabetes.
Development and characterization of defatted pumpkin seed meal and halloysite nanoclay composite films for food packaging
Authors: Kumar Yaghuvendra , Santhosh Ravichandran , Hoque Monjurul , Nath Debarshi , Thakur Rahul , Madhubabu Dasarigandla , Suryavanshi Vedsagar Rajesh , Singhi Harshi , Ahmed Jasim , Sarkar Preetam
Published: May 2023

The valorization of agricultural by‐products into sustainable packaging materials is one of the best strategies to utilize industrial waste efficiently. In this study, defatted pumpkin seed meal (DPSM) has been converted into films by impregnating selected concentrations of halloysite (HS) nanoclay (1%, 2% and 3% w/w). Various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and barrier property measurements, were employed to characterize the developed films. The appearance of the roughness on the surface of the films was evident from SEM micrographs upon the addition of HS. No change in the crystallinity of DPSM occurred when HS was incorporated; however, the Tg showed a variation with the loading concentration of the clay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the decrease in hydrogen bonding was associated with increasing the HS concentrations. The addition of HS improved the tensile strength, stress relaxation percentage and Young's modulus, while the elongation at break was reduced at a similar condition. The biodegradability of the film was excellent within 20 days of the burying period. Overall, the developed films could be a potential candidate for sustainable food packaging.