bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in observed stable water isotopes in snowpack across a mountainous watershed in Colorado
Authors: Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Deems Jeffery , Maxwell Reed , Sprenger Matthias , Brown Wendy , Newman Alexander , Beutler Curtis , Bill Markus , Hubbard Susan S. , Williams Kenneth H.
Published: July 2022

Isotopic information from 81 snowpits was collected over a 5‐year period in a large, Colorado watershed. Data spans gradients in elevation, aspect, vegetation, and seasonal climate. They are combined with overlapping campaigns for water isotopes in precipitation and snowmelt, and a land‐surface model for detailed estimates of snowfall and climate at sample locations. Snowfall isotopic inputs, describe the majority of δ18O snowpack variability. Aspect is a secondary control, with slightly more enriched conditions on east and north facing slopes. This is attributed to preservation of seasonally enriched snowfall and vapour loss in the early winter. Sublimation, expressed by decreases in snowpack d‐excess in comparison to snowfall contributions, increases at low elevation and when seasonal temperature and solar radiation are high. At peak snow accumulation, post‐depositional fractionation appears to occur in the top 25 ± 14% of the snowpack due to melt‐freeze redistribution of lighter isotopes deeper into the snowpack and vapour loss to the atmosphere during intermittent periods of low relative humidity and high windspeed. Relative depth of fractionation increases when winter daytime temperatures are high and winter precipitation is low. Once isothermal, snowpack isotopic homogenization and enrichment was observed with initial snowmelt isotopically depleted in comparison to snowpack and enriching over time. The rate of δ18O increase (d‐excess decrease) in snowmelt was 0.02‰ per day per 100‐m elevation loss. Isotopic data suggests elevation dictates snowpack and snowmelt evolution by controlling early snow persistence (or absence), isotopic lapse rates in precipitation and the ratio of energy to snow availability. Hydrologic tracer studies using stable water isotopes in basins of large topographic relief will require adjustment for these elevational controls to properly constrain stream water sourcing from snowmelt.
Pre‐K attendance and social development: The moderating role of kindergarten classroom experiences
Authors: Zimmermann Kathryn , Yang Qingqing , Purtell Kelly , Ansari Arya
Published: July 2022

Many studies have established that there are important life‐long benefits of attending pre‐K. At the same time, recent research suggests that pre‐K attenders may enter and exit kindergarten exhibiting less optimal social and learning behaviours than their non‐attending peers, and little attention has been paid to what factors may contribute to these patterns of development after children enter kindergarten. The current study will address these gaps in knowledge using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2011 to examine the social and learning behaviours of pre‐K attenders and nonattenders at kindergarten entry and exit. Moreover, we will determine the extent to which children's social and behavioural skills change at differential rates across the kindergarten year as a function of pre‐K attendance and their kindergarten classroom experiences, with a focus on the academic rigour, activity settings and teacher‐student relationships.
Mutant KRAS modulates colorectal cancer cells invasive response to fibroblast‐secreted factors through the HGF/C‐MET axis
Authors: Dias Carvalho Patrícia , Martins Flávia , Mendonça Susana , Ribeiro Andreia , Machado Ana Luísa , Carvalho Joana , Oliveira Maria José , Velho Sérgia
Published: July 2022

Genetic alterations influence the malignant potential of cancer cells, and so does the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we combined the study of KRAS oncogenic effects in colorectal cancer cells with the influence of fibroblast‐derived factors. Results revealed that mutant KRAS regulates cell fate through both autonomous and nonautonomous signaling mechanisms. Specifically, processes such as proliferation and cell‐cell aggregation were autonomously controlled by mutant KRAS independently of the stimulation with fibroblasts conditioned media. However, cancer cell invasion revealed to be a KRAS‐dependent nonautonomous effect, resulting from the cooperation between fibroblast‐derived HGF and mutant KRAS regulation of C‐MET expression. C‐MET downregulation upon KRAS silencing rendered cells less responsive to HGF and thus less invasive. Yet, in one cell line, KRAS inhibition triggered invasion upon stimulation with fibroblasts conditioned media. Inhibition of PIK3CA oncogene did not promote invasion, thus showing a KRAS‐specific effect. Moreover, the invasive capacity also depended on the HGF‐C‐MET axis. Overall, our study awards oncogenic KRAS an important role in modulating the response to fibroblast‐secreted factors either by promoting or impairing invasion, and depicts the HGF‐C‐MET axis as a putative therapeutic target to impair the invasive properties of mutant KRAS cancer cells.
Global growth on life support? The contributions of fiscal and monetary policy since the global financial crisis
Authors: Baumann Ursel , Lodge David , Miescu Mirela S.
Published: July 2022

This paper compares the role of monetary and fiscal policy shocks in advanced and emerging economies. Using a model with a hierarchical structure, we capture the variability of GDP response to policy shocks both between and within the groups of advanced and emerging countries. Our results show that the effects of fiscal stimulus are higher in advanced economies compared to emerging markets, while monetary policy is found to have more homogeneous effects on GDP. We quantify the policy contribution on GDP growth in the decade that followed the global financial crisis by means of a structural counterfactual analysis based on conditional forecasts. We find that global GDP growth benefited from substantial policy support during the global financial crisis but policy tightening thereafter, particularly fiscal consolidation, acted as a significant drag on the subsequent global recovery. In addition, we show that the role of policy has differed across countries. Specifically, in advanced economies, highly accommodative monetary policy has been counteracted by strong fiscal consolidation. By contrast, in emerging economies, monetary policy has been less accommodative since the global recession.
Foley catheter compared with controlled release dinoprostone vaginal insert for labor induction after one previous cesarean delivery: A randomized trial
Authors: Sulaiman Sofiah , Sivaranjani Sanmugam , Razali Nuguelis , Lim Boon Kiong , Hamdan Mukhri , Tan Peng Chiong
Published: July 2022

Objective

To compare Foley catheter and controlled‐release dinoprostone vaginal insert on induction‐to‐delivery interval and maternal satisfaction in women with one previous cesarean delivery.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from December 12, 2018, to May 28, 2019. A total of 78 term women scheduled for labor induction with one previous cesarean delivery who had ripe cervixes, singleton gestation, cephalic presentation, intact membranes, and reassuring cardiotocogram were randomized to Foley catheter or dinoprostone insert. The primary outcome was induction‐to‐delivery interval (in hours) and the secondary outcomes included maternal satisfaction on birth experience (assessed by 100‐mm visual analog scale).

Results

Induction‐to‐delivery intervals were as follows: median 33.5 h (interquartile range [IQR], 26.1–36.2 h) versus 23.5 h (IQR, 12.7–34.5 h) (P = 0.004), and maternal satisfaction on birth process 100‐mm visual analog scale was 80 mm (IQR, 64–88 mm) versus 82 mm (IQR, 67–88 mm) (P = 0.919) for the Foley and controlled‐release dinoprostone arms, respectively. Cesarean delivery rates were 23 of 39 (59%) versus 20 of 39 (51%) (relative risk, 1.15 [95% confidence interval, 0.77–1.72]) (P = 0.496) and trial device insertion to removal time mean ± standard deviation was 20.1 ± 7.1 h versus 14.2 ± 7.3 h (P = 0.001) for Foley versus controlled‐release dinoprostone, respectively.

Conclusion

In term women after one previous cesarean delivery with unripe cervixes, controlled‐release dinoprostone vaginal insert compared with Foley catheter shortens the induction‐to‐delivery interval but maternal satisfaction was not significantly increased.

Clinical Trial Registration

This study was registered with ISRCTN on November 30, 2018, with trial identification number: ISRCTN16957529 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN16957529). The first participant was recruited on December 12, 2018.
Changes in the local food‐at‐home environment, supplemental nutrition assistance program participation, and dietary quality: Evidence from FoodAPS
Authors: Volpe Richard , Cai Xiaowei , Tseng Marilyn , Zeballos Eliana , Sinclair Wilson
Published: July 2022

We study dietary quality via grocery purchases among US households using the USDA's FoodAPS data. Using data from Nielsen IQ TDLinx, we measure changes in the local food‐at‐home environment over an 8‐year span and identify impacts on the healthy eating index. The results indicate the local food environment better explain food choices and dietary quality for rural households, as compared to urban. Many of our significant findings pertain specifically to supplemental nutrition assistance program participants. Decreases in local supermarket availability is often associated with lower adherence to federal dietary recommendations, and the converse is often true for supercenters.
OPG is associated with thyroid nodule development in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang Dazhi , Niu Yixin , Zhang Weiwei , Li Xiaoyong , Lin Ning , Yang Zhen , Qin Li , Su Qing , Ran Hui , Zhang Hongmei
Published: July 2022

Background

Thyroid nodule prevalence is increasing lately, especially in diabetes, but the mechanism of which is not clear. In this study, we investigated if osteoprotegerin (OPG) is involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid nodules in diabetes.

Methods

A total of 7568 individuals with detailed information and ultrasound examination results were studied for the prevalence of thyroid nodules. Among them, 1883 were with type 2 diabetes and 5685 were non‐diabetic. Then, 1120 individuals were randomly selected for the measurement of OPG. Diabetic rats were made by feeding a high‐fat‐high‐fructose diet for 28 weeks. Rats fed with a normal diet were as controls. Fresh thyroid tissues were obtained and fixed, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin for hematoxylin‐eosin staining and observing pathological changes. qPCR and western blot were used to detect OPG expression in rat thyroid tissues.

Results

We found that HbA1c is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules (Exp [β] = 1.158, p < 0.001). The prevalence of thyroid nodules in type 2 diabetes was higher than that in non‐diabetes (53.9% vs. 46.7%, p < 0.001). Serum OPG levels were significantly elevated in the diabetes group than in the non‐diabetes group (3160.17 pg/ml vs. 2819.39 pg/ml, p < 0.01). The expression of OPG increased significantly in the thyroid tissues of diabetic rats.

Conclusion

Osteoprotegerin may be associated with thyroid nodule development in diabetes.
The CUSUM curve combined with comprehensive complication index for assessing short‐term complications of radical cystectomy
Authors: Zhou Diansheng , Gao Jie , Liao Yihao , Da La , Wang Jian , Wang Keke , Zhu Jianqiang , Hu Hailong , Wu Changli , Tian Dawei
Published: July 2022

Objective

To evaluate the comprehensive complication index(CCI) and Clavien‐Dindo classification(CDC) for short‐term postoperative complications in radical cystectomy and assess cumulative surgical morbidity to compare sufficient surgical skill.

Methods

From September 30, 2010, to October 1, 2020, clinical data of patients with urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical cystectomy with urinary diversion were gathered, patients who had only a urinary diversion, bladder sparing surgery, additional abdominal surgeries at the same time were all excluded. The CDC and CCI were utilized to evaluate 30‐d complications after radical cystectomy and the relevance of hospital stay was compared between CCI and CDC. The cumulative sum control models (CUSUM) were used to evaluate the overall surgical morbidity of radical cystectomy in our facility and for comparisons between surgeons.

Results

This study enrolled a total of 635 individuals, 548 (86.3%) of whom had 1124 problems. The incidence of severe complications (CDC≥ Grade III) was 10.2%. The average CCI was 20.2 ± 14.7. Gender, urinary diversion subtype, procedure method, and surgeon were significantly correlated with the increase of CCI (p < 0.05). The CCI demonstrated a better relationship with hospital stay (R2 = 0.429) than the CDC (R2 = 0.361). The CUSUM‐CCI model demonstrated a difference and growth distribution in dynamic time between individual surgeons.

Conclusions

CCI can better reflect the incidence of complications for radical cystectomy than CDC, and CCI is more strongly correlated with postoperative hospital stay. The CUSUM‐CCI model can reflect the quality of surgical skill for each surgeon instantaneously.
Golgi scaffold protein PAQR3 as a candidate suppressor of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma via regulating TGF‐β/Smad pathway
Authors: Wu Ying‐Li , Hong Lian‐Lian , Ling Zhe‐Nan , Hu Xuan‐Yu , Liu Zhu , Li Pei , Ling Zhi‐Qiang
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To investigate the function of PAQR3 in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and understand the possible mechanism of PAQR3 in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Methods

We detected PAQR3 protein in 146 GCA tissues and paired normal adjacent tissues (PNTs) specimens using immunohistochemical analysis, and explored its clinical significance. The expression levels of PAQR3 protein in 20 GCA tissues, their paired PNTs, HGC27, SGC7901, and GES‐1 cells were analyzed by Western blot. Wild‐type PAQR3 was overexpressed in HGC27 cells. The effects of PAQR3 overexpression on the function of HGC27 cells and its underlying mechanisms were then analyzed through a series of cell and molecular biology experiments.

Results

PAQR3 was significantly down‐regulated in GCA tissues when compared with paired PNTs (p < 0.0001). The expression level of PAQR3 in GCA tissues was significantly negatively correlated with Helicobacter pylori infection (p = 0.000), venous invasion (p = 0.000), invasion depth (p = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.022), tumor stage (p = 0.000), and patient survival (p = 0.009). Downregulation of PAQR3 was highly correlated with increased EMT signature and activated TGF‐β/Smad pathway in GCA tissues. Overexpression of PAQR3 in HGC27 cells negatively regulates its cellular functions, such as cell proliferation and migration, and suppresses EMT. Mechanistically, overexpression of PAQR3 significantly down‐regulates the protein expression levels of TGF‐1, p‐Smad2, and p‐Smad3 in HGC27 cells.

Conclusion

PAQR3 was significantly down‐regulated in GCA tissues, HGC27, and SGC7901 cells. PAQR3 significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HGC27 cells. Mechanistically, PAQR3 can inhibit the EMT process in HGC27 cells by regulating TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway.
Urine inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor family‐related proteins may serve as biomarkers for disease activity of lupus
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhao Jin , Wang Yuhua , Liu Dan , Zhang Man
Published: July 2022

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple tissues. Inter‐Alpha‐Trypsin Inhibitor (ITI) family proteins have a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, but their possible clinical significance in the SLE patients has not been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze and verify the expression of ITI‐related proteins in the urine of SLE patients, further explore the features of these proteins in disease activity.

Methods

Based on label‐free proteomics technology and bioinformatics technology, we analyzed the expression of ITI family‐related proteins in the urine of lupus. Subsequently, Western‐blot and targeted proteomics were used to qualitatively and quantitatively verify the expression of these proteins, respectively.

Results

A total of seven ITI family‐related proteins were screened and identified; and six of these proteins were differentially expressed in the urine of SLE patients. Further quantitative analysis showed that the expressions of ITIH2, ECM1, and ITIH5 in urine between active SLE group and stable SLE group were consistent with the preliminary screening results. The expression of ITIH2 and ECM1 in the renal damage group were also consistent with the screening results. Moreover, ITIH2 and ECM1 have a good correlation with disease activity and have a certain correlation with renal damage.

Conclusions

In this exploratory study, we evaluated the expression of ITI family‐related proteins in the urine of SLE and found that urine ITIH2 and ECM1 were closely related to SLE activity, especially kidney damage, providing an experimental basis for further exploration of the potential roles in monitoring lupus and lupus nephritis activity.
Comparison of three different methods in [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA11 radiolabeling
Authors: Yüksel Doğangün , Uğur Ayşe
Published: July 2022

In this study, quality control parameters such as radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity, and in vitro stability of gallium (68Ga)‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐11 ([68Ga]Ga‐PSMA11) radiopharmaceutical obtained in a research laboratory with three different synthesis algorithms were evaluated and compared. Gallium (68Ga) chloride precursor to be used in labeling in all three methods was obtained by using ITG brand 68Ge/68Ga generator. The first method for the [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA11 radiopharmaceutical was performed with the automated synthesis module, which is widely used in clinical practice. Its radiochemical yield, quality assurance, and stability met expectations. Radiolabeling success, suitability of quality control parameters, and in vitro stability of [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA11 radiopharmaceutical performed with ANMI kit were examined. The final product showed success in 68Ga‐complexation kinetics. All quality control criteria performed met the expectation for clinical applications. Direct cold labeling of PSMA11 ligand with sodium bicarbonate buffer was examined. Results were similar to the ANMI kit. Considering that all three methods are successful in radiochemical labeling, labeling with NaHCO3 buffer shows the labeling preference when we choose the cheap, practical, and easy labeling option.
Thought experiments: Review and recommendations
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Beltran Jose R. , Archibold Estelle E. , Jean Esther L. , Rice Darryl B.
Published: July 2022

Thought experiments have been used as an effective methodological approach to advance theory in numerous scientific fields. However, they are underutilized in organizational behavior (OB) and adjacent fields. Accordingly, we conducted a comprehensive and multidisciplinary literature review of thought experiments that entailed 174 sources in economics, psychology, marketing, medicine, sociology, finance, and other fields. We used insights from this literature review to define and describe the unique nature of thought experiments and offer a taxonomy of four main types based on a theory's development stage (i.e., early vs. late) and a study's theoretical goal (i.e., confirmation vs. disconfirmation). We also provide a decision‐making tree useful for evaluating whether conducting a thought experiment is beneficial for a particular research situation and which of the four types is most likely to produce a meaningful contribution. Then, we offer best‐practice recommendations for conducting thought experiments that address how to plan, execute, report results, and discuss implications. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of thought experiments by using the best‐practice recommendations to design and conduct a thought experiment in the domain of workplace allyship. Finally, we offer suggestions for future substantive research that would benefit from thought experiment methodology (i.e., diversity, equity, and inclusion; leadership; performance; selection and recruitment; teams; and turnover). Overall, our article offers a comprehensive review and recommendations that we hope will be a catalyst for using thought experiments to advance theory in OB and related fields.
Functional assessment of total hip arthroplasty using inertial measurement units: Improvement in gait kinematics and association with patient‐reported outcome measures
Authors: Kaufmann Mara , Nüesch Corina , Clauss Martin , Pagenstert Geert , Eckardt Anke , Ilchmann Thomas , Stoffel Karl , Mündermann Annegret , Ismailidis Petros
Published: July 2022

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are commonly used for gait assessment, yet their potential for quantifying improvements in gait function and patterns after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been fully explored. The primary aim of this study was to compare spatiotemporal parameters and sagittal plane kinematic patterns of patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) before and after THA, and to asymptomatic controls. The secondary aim was to assess the association between dynamic hip range of motion (ROM) during walking and the Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (HOOS). Twenty‐four patients with hip OA and 24 matched asymptomatic controls completed gait analyses using the RehaGait® sensor system. Patients were evaluated pre‐ and 1 year postoperatively, controls in a single visit. Differences in kinematic data were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping, and correlations between dynamic hip ROM and HOOS were calculated. Walking speed and stride length significantly increased (+0.08 m/s, p = 0.019; +0.06 m, p = 0.048) after THA but did not reach the level of asymptomatic controls (−0.11 m/s, p = 0.028; −0.14 m, p = 0.001). Preoperative hip and knee kinematics differed significantly from controls. After THA, they improved significantly and did not differ from controls. Dynamic hip flexion‐extension ROM correlated positively with all HOOS subscores (r > 0.417; p ≤ 0.001). The change in HOOS symptoms in patients was explained by the combination of baseline HOOS symptoms and change in dynamic hip ROM (r2 = 0.748) suggesting that the additional information gained with IMU gait analysis helps to complement and objectify patient‐reported outcome measures pre‐ and postoperatively and monitor treatment‐related improvements.
Knowledge management implementation in small and micro KIBS: A categorization
Authors: Bolisani Ettore , Scarso Enrico , Ceccato Riccardo , Zieba Malgorzata
Published: July 2022

The main goal of the paper is to provide a statistical categorization of small and micro knowledge‐intensive business service (KIBS) companies, based on their knowledge management (KM) attitude. Since knowledge is the main production factor and output of these companies, it is essential to achieve a better understanding of how they manage this resource. A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted on a sample of Polish small and micro KIBS operating in various service sectors. A cluster analysis of the data was performed, to categorize the sample according to the KM attitude of the companies. Three main groups of companies were identified, varying in terms of their levels of “knowledge needs”, “intensity of use” of KM practices and “perceived barriers to KM implementation”. This classification is shown to characterize attitudes towards KM to a higher level of statistical significance than do structural characteristics. The survey was based on a single country sample. On the one hand, this provides consistency to the analysis. On the other hand, further insights can be obtained by a multi‐national study. In addition, cluster analysis is exploratory in nature. The results provide useful insights for policy makers (to formulate policies for facilitating KM implementation in small KIBS) and managers (to reflect on the KM attitudes of their company). The statistical categorization of small and micro KIBS in terms of their KM attitude has been very rarely undertaken. Even the most recent investigations of KM issues used samples from large companies.
Presenting Symptomatology for Patients With Nasal Septal Perforation: Application of the NOSE‐Perf Scale
Authors: Taylor Cullen M. , Marino Michael J. , Bansberg Stephen F.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To objectively identify and quantitate presenting nasal symptoms in patients with a septal perforation using the validated NOSE‐Perf scale.

Study Design

Case series retrospective review.

Methods

The medical records from August 2018 through January 2022 of patients at a tertiary care academic center with a septal perforation, and who completed the NOSE‐Perf questionnaire, were reviewed. Perforation symptoms were identified and quantified using the 12‐item NOSE‐Perf scale (score range 0–48). NOSE‐Perf findings were correlated to patient demographics, perforation etiology, and perforation length. NOSE‐Perf scores of patients who pursued treatment were compared with those who did not.

Results

NOSE‐Perf data were collected from 202 patients. Nasal crusting was noted in 94.1% of patients and was the most severe symptom reported (mean 2.9 of 4.0). Nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and nasal obstruction followed in prevalence and severity. The mean total NOSE‐Perf score was 23.7. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a weakly negative association of NOSE‐Perf score with patient age and weakly positive association with increasing perforation length. NOSE‐Perf scores were significantly higher in women and in patients pursuing treatment.

Conclusion

This is the first study to use the validated NOSE‐Perf scale to objectively characterize and establish baseline septal perforation symptomatology. The NOSE‐Perf scale can play a role in the standardization of perforation evaluation and treatment outcomes assessment. Laryngoscope, 133:1315–1320, 2023
The role of internal nitrogen loading in supportingnon‐N‐fixing harmful cyanobacterial blooms in the water column of a large eutrophic lake
Authors: Hoffman Daniel K. , McCarthy Mark J. , Boedecker Ashlynn R. , Myers Justin A. , Newell Silvia E.
Published: July 2022

Western Lake Erie cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) occur every summer as a result of anthropogenic nutrient loading. Although the physiological importance of nitrogen (N) in supporting bloom biomass and toxin production is established, the role of internal N recycling in the water column to support bloom maintenance is not as well understood. Over three field seasons (2015–2017), we collected water from western Lake Erie and employed bottle incubations with15N‐ammonium () enrichments to determine regeneration and potential uptake rates in the water column. Potential uptake rates followed spatial and seasonal patterns, with greatest rates measured nearest the Maumee River inflow and during peak bloom months (August and September). Regeneration followed a similar spatial pattern but was greatest in early summer (June and July) and supported ~ 20–60% of potential demand during the height of the bloom. Basin‐wide internal regeneration during the April–October period could supply at 60–200% of annual external N loading to the western basin. These results help explain how non‐N‐fixing cyanoHABs in Lake Erie and other large, eutrophic lakes continue producing biomass and N‐rich toxins long after spring nutrient loads are exhausted or transported to other areas. Internal N loads are ultimately driven by external N loads; in low precipitation years, external nutrient loads result in smaller blooms, producing less substrate for subsequent internal N loads. Overall, these findings, along with others, confirm that both internal and external N loading must be considered when evaluating cyanoHAB management strategies.
High‐power 450 nm blue diode laser for endoscopic mucosal resection/endoscopic submucosal dissection in the stomach: Preliminary results on a porcine model with a modified flexible endoscope
Authors: Liu Guoxiong , Jiang Dali , Ren Mudan , Lu Xinlan , Chang Ying , He Shuixiang , Ren Zejun , Fan Hengtong , Wu Kaijie , He Dalin
Published: July 2022

Background

Due to the precise vaporization of the novel 450 nm blue diode laser in soft tissues (i.e., bladder and colon) in our previous studies, porcine stomach tissues were applied here to certify its efficacy in endoscopic mucosal resection (ESR)/endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for hypothetical lesions ex vivo and in vivo.

Materials and Methods

In an ex vivo study of ESR, 20 pieces of tissues (8 cm × 6 cm) from 7 fresh stomachs after spraying saline were vaporized with a three‐dimensional scanning system using the blue diode laser at a maximum of 30 W, a different treatment speed and working distance (WD). In ex vivo ESD, 18 pieces of tissues from 6 fresh stomachs were used and the same laser parameters were used to perform the procedure. The depth, width, and coagulation of the laser vaporization were measured. Furthermore, the large scales (2.0 cm × 1.5 cm) for 18 hypothetical lesions of the gastric mucosa and submucosa of the 6 fresh stomachs were also resected with a modified flexible endoscope. In vivo, six hypothetical lesions of six porcine were vaporized by the novel blue laser, and the resultant lesions at the acute and chronic stages were assessed by the naked eye and hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results

In the contact mode, more tissue was vaporized, and the thickness of the coagulation was stable when the WD was 0−2 mm, whose value varied from 0.33 to 1.73 mm. In the gastroscopy model, the mean thickness of coagulation from the mucosa was 0.67 mm, and a significant carbonization zone was not observed. In vivo, the laser beam could accurately act on the hypothetical target. No bleeding and clear vision were present in the procedure. After 3 weeks, tissue healing was well recovered after laser coagulation, resection, and submucosal dissection.

Conclusions

In the present study, the novel 450 nm blue diode laser exhibited ideal vaporization and thinner coagulation thickness in the porcine stomach, which indicated that it could be alternately used as a new device for stomach lesions.
Improvement of urethral dysfunction by 5‐HT1A receptor agonist NLX‐112 in diabetic rats
Authors: Li Mingzhuo , Chen Xun , Cao Nailong , lv Rong , Gu Baojun
Published: July 2022

Objective

To examine the effects of the selective 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, NLX‐112, on urethral function in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods

Female Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 32) were divided into two groups: rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and age‐matched normal control rats (NC). T1DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Isovolumetric cystometry and urethral perfusion pressure (UPP) were evaluated 10 weeks postinjection in rats (n = 9 per group). The selective 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY‐100635 maleate salt, was administered after NLX‐112 hydrochloride dose–response curve was generated (intravenously). The remaining rats were used for immunofluorescence and Western blot assays.

Results

Compared to controls, type 1 diabetic rats (T1D rats) had lower maximal intravesical pressure (IP max) and UPP changes. In T1D rats, NLX‐112 hydrochloride (0.003–1.0 mg/kg) induced dose‐dependent decreases in UPP nadir, IP max, high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) rate; and increases in UPP change and HFOs amplitude. WAY‐100635 maleate salt (0.3 mg/kg) partially or completely reversed the NLX‐112‐induced changes. Immunofluorescence revealed that 5‐HT1A receptors were found in the L6‐S1 spinal cord dorsolateral nucleus, but the expression was significantly higher in the T1D rats. Additionally, Western blot showed there were significantly more 5‐HT1A receptors in the ventral L6‐S1 spinal cord of T1D rats.

Conclusions

Urethral dysfunction in T1D rats was improved by NLX‐112. 5‐HT1A receptors were upregulated in the dorsolateral nucleus of L6‐S1 spinal cord in T1D rats. These findings suggest that NLX‐112 may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic urethral dysfunction.
Effect of lamellae thickness on bubble dissolution in rotomoulding
Authors: Xu Kejie , Wen Yuan , Guo Deyu , Yan Xiaoyang
Published: July 2022

This paper is devoted to the study of bubble dissolution of the melted polymer in rotomoulding process. Two types of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) having the same properties, that is, melt index, melting point, crystallinity, viscosity, comonomer type, but different lamellae thickness were investigated. The results showed that bubbles in rotomoulded parts impaired the low‐temperature impact and LLDPE with thicker lamellae showed better bubble dissolution. Furthermore, as the annealing treatment was applied to the LLDPE powders, lamellae thickness distribution derived from Thomson–Gibbs equation coincided with bubble observation, suggesting that the improvement in bubble dissolution is reasonably attributable to annealing which makes the lamellae of treated LLDPE thick. In addition, the rheological measurements showed that modulus was built‐up with time indicating intermediate disentanglements are formed. Correlation between lamellae thickness distribution derived from differential scanning calorimetry data and experimental rheological result suggests that thicker lamellae is related to enhancing bubble dissolution. Consequently, it is reasonable to consider that the thicker lamellae is quite benefit for bubble dissolution, which could be well explained by the free volume according to free volume theory. LLDPE having thicker lamellae contains more free volume resulting in better bubble dissolution.
Synthesis, characterization and application of soluble fully conjugated polyazomethine from di‐ or trifunctional monomers
Authors: Xu Liang , Zang Yu , Takata Kyousuke , Jing Boyu , Wang Jianjun , Teraguchi Masahiro , Kaneko Takashi , Miao Fengjuan , Aoki Toshiki
Published: July 2022

Fully conjugated polyazomethines (PAZs) exhibit large amounts of micropores among their many short branches in relatively planar structures based on their fully conjugated configuration. However, these fully conjugated structures cause insolubility and non‐processability of the PAZs because they may have strong stacking interactions due to their planar structures. In this paper, to overcome this problem, three short lengths of oligodimethylsiloxane (ODMS) grafts (x = 9, 18 and 39) were introduced by end‐capping reaction of aldehydes at the end of insoluble PAZs with amino‐terminated ODMSs as end‐capping agents. As a result, the insoluble PAZs became almost soluble (solubility > 95–100%) and their molecular weight could be estimated using gel permeation chromatography (Mw = 15.9 × 103 g mol−1). PAZ‐embedded mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated using blend solutions containing only small amounts (1.0 wt%) of the solubilized PAZs with ODMS grafts and crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PAZs/PDMS MMMs showed ultrahigh permeability to oxygen which achieved 8600 barrer without a decrease of the original permselectivity of PDMS. The excellent oxygen permeability of the PAZs/PDMS MMMs may be caused by an effective increase of porosity based on the fully conjugated PAZ nanosheet. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
An examination of the self‐regulation for science learning of middle school students with different achievement levels
Authors: Karaca Melek , Bektas Oktay , T. Celikkiran Aysegul
Published: July 2022

This research aims to examine the self‐regulation of students with different achievement levels toward science learning based on Zimmerman's model including three phases: forethought, performance, and self‐reflection. The research was conducted based on the case study from the qualitative research method. The study group consisted of 12 students who have different academic achievement levels and are studying at different levels of a middle school in Kayseri province, Turkey. The data of the research were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. It was determined that each phase of self‐regulation was not compatible with academic achievement, and individual differences came to the fore in students' self‐regulation. The authors concluded that a student's level in all subdimensions of self‐regulation was not the same. They also found that not only academic achievement affected the subdimensions of self‐regulation, but also individual factors and differences.
Registration of two oilseed sunflower germplasms, HA‐R18 and HA‐R19, resistant to sunflower rust
Authors: Qi Lili , Ma Guojia , Seiler Gerald
Published: July 2022

Sunflower rust, incited by the fungus Puccinia helianthi Schwein., is a serious fungal disease in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growing areas worldwide, with an increasing importance in North America in recent years due to the frequent evolution of new pathogen races. HA‐R18 (Reg. no. GP‐377, PI 698197) and HA‐R19 (Reg. no. GP‐378, PI 698198) are rust‐resistant germplasm lines that were developed and released cooperatively in 2020 by the USDA‐ARS, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit and the Agricultural Experiment Station of North Dakota State University. The rust resistance in HA‐R18 and HA‐R19 originated from KP193 and KP199, respectively, which were identified segregating for rust resistance after screening of 58 sunflower lines introduced from South Africa. Rust evaluation of HA‐R18 and HA‐R19 with 11 P. helianthi races indicated that both lines exhibited resistance to the most rust races tested including the most predominant and the most virulent races currently identified in the United States. HA‐R18 and HA‐R19 possess the new rust resistance genes R17 and R18, respectively, both of which have been mapped to sunflower chromosome 13. The two new lines will diversify the pool of rust resistance genes and should serve as useful sources of rust resistance in sunflower.
An atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air stabilized by a magnetic field and its application on nitrogen fixation
Authors: Li ZhiYu , Nie LanLan , Liu DaWei , Lu XinPei
Published: July 2022

An atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air stabilized by a magnetic field is reported. The plasma is fixed at a position when the direction of the Lorentz force and the direction of the air flow is opposite. Under such condition, a stable glow discharge can be achieved and the plasma parameters can be independently controlled by the applied voltage, the magnetic field and the air flow rate, which is not the case for the widely used gliding arc (GA) discharge. For applied voltage of 6.5 kV, air flow rate of 2 L min−1, and magnetic field of 0.11 T perpendicular to the paper pointing outward, the discharge voltage (Vdis) and discharge current (Idis) are 1.2 kV and 49.7 mA, respectively. The rotational and vibrational temperature is about 3420 K and 4550 K, respectively. The electron density is on the order of 1014 cm−3 and the reduced electric field of plasma is about 36.9 Td, which is favorable for vibrational excitation of N2 to promote the production of NOx. As the plasma is fixed at a position, all the gas has to pass the plasma region and treated by the plasma when they are flowing, which is not the case for GA discharge where only a little percentage of gas is actually treated by the plasma. The energy cost of NOx production for the plasma stabilized by magnetic field of 0.19 T pointing outward is about 2.65 MJ mol−1, which is 41% lower than the GA discharge.
Phase Evolution and Local Piezoelectric Response of Sn‐Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Jiang Zuojian , Huang Jiayan , Yuan Renchen , Xu Ning'an , Jiang Ying , Zhang Jiye , Zhang Faqiang , Xing Juanjuan , Gu Hui , Fu Desheng
Published: July 2022

Multiphase coexistence is the key to rendering samples with superior piezoelectric properties for BaTiO3 ceramics. Ba(Ti1−xSnx)O3 (BTS, x = 0.0–0.30) ceramics are prepared by the traditional solid‐state method. Orthorhombic (O) and tetragonal (T) phases are visually observed to coexist only in the ceramics with the low‐doping of Sn (x = 0.025–0.075) by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The O phase percentage increases from 13.90% to 75.10%, therefore enhancing their piezoelectric response over the decreasing T phase. Further increase of x turns the BTS to rhombohedral (R) and cubic (C) phases, while cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis detects significant redshifts of the defect peak, which is mainly due to the change of phase structure. The phase transition can lead to the change of Ti–O6 octahedron, thereby affecting the charge transfer between and . High piezoelectric responses can be achieved by the coexistence of O and T phases, which facilitates the rotation of ferroelectric domains. These results are beneficial to understanding the relationship between the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of BTS ceramics, and also indicate that CL can be a useful tool for phase identification.
Factors determining change in treatment for ambulatory children with pulmonary arterial hypertension: Implications for monitoring
Authors: Critser Paul J. , Collins Shane L. , Elia Eleni G. , McSweeney Julia , Leary Brienne , Sleeper Lynn A. , Mullen Mary P.
Published: July 2022

While care models adapt to the COVID‐19 pandemic with virtual and hybrid visits, clinical factors associated with treatment changes among ambulatory pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients are not well characterized. To understand which data critically altered treatment recommendations, we conducted a retrospective review among ambulatory children with Group 1 PAH to determine optimal visit and diagnostic strategies. Changes in management included: unplanned new treatments, dose modifications of vasodilators or diuretics, unscheduled hospitalizations, or changes to activity recommendations, catheterization schedule, or other testing. Factors prompting management changes were classified as symptoms, exam findings, or diagnostic tests. Across 398 ambulatory visits by 48 patients, 38 patients (79%) at 88 visits (22%) required change in management, most commonly in targeted PH medication. Changes were driven by symptoms alone (15%), diagnostic testing alone (47%), exam only (2%), symptoms and exam (2%), combination of testing and symptoms or testing and exam (25%), and other reasons (9%). Patients with World Health Organization functional Class IV (odds ratio [OR] 9.04 vs. Class I, p = 0.014) or Class III (OR 2.08 vs. Class I, p = 0.050) were more likely to undergo change in management. However, among Class I patients, 18% of visits generated changes in management because of test findings. While multiple factors affect management in ambulatory pediatric PH, neither symptoms nor exam was sufficient for identifying patients warranting clinical change in management. Testing accounted for most changes. Thus, in‐person or hybrid surveillance including history, exam, and diagnostic testing remains essential for optimal management of pediatric PAH.
Ion–shift reagent binding energy and the mass–mobility shift correlation in ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Fernandez‐Maestre Roberto , Tabrizchi Mahmoud , Meza‐Morelos Dairo
Published: July 2022

Rationale

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) detects illegal substances and explosives in airports, ports, and customs. This is complicated by false positives caused by overlapping peaks. Shift reagents selectively change ion mobilities through adduction with analyte ions. This discriminates false positives because interferents and illegal substances respond differently to shift reagents.

Methods

We introduced five different shift reagents using electrospray ionization–IMS–mass spectrometry to study the effect of interaction energy, intermolecular bonds, and analyte size on ion mobility shifts. Analyte ion–shift reagent interactions were calculated using Gaussian.

Results

The mobility shifts showed a decreasing trend as the molecular weight increased for a series of ten compounds. The shift in drift time better reflected the pure effect of shift reagents. Valinol was an exception to this trend because it had a low binding energy interaction with all shift reagents and, consequently, its clusters were short‐lived. This produced fewer collisions against the buffer gas and a shorter drift time, compared to ions of similar molecular weight.

Conclusions

The results of this investigation are important for understanding the behavior of shift reagents in resolving overlapping peaks that cause interferences. The suppression of false positives eases the transit of passengers and cargos, increases the confiscation of illicit substances, and saves money and distress due to needless delays in customs and airports.
Biosphere‐based sustainability in local governments: Sustainable development goal interactions and indicators for policymaking
Authors: Nerland Rita , Nilsen Heidi Rapp , Andersen Bjørn
Published: July 2022

Knowledge on sustainable development goals (SDGs) interactions has a bias toward global perspectives and lacks regional or country‐specific differentiation. This paper takes a biosphere‐based sustainability approach and assesses SDG interactions in a local governmental context. We start by addressing how the SDGs promote a biosphere‐based sustainability. Here, we find a range of opinions and we settle on a set of SDGs. Second, we explore how a set of sustainability indicators are connected to the SDGs and biosphere‐based sustainability. We conduct a case study and develop an SDG interaction model, and further compare global and local level interactions. We find that the local level has some differences compared to global level findings. However, the distribution among synergies and trade‐offs was found to be quite coherent. Our SDG interaction model connects sectors both within a single government and between governmental levels and can as such facilitate policy coherence. The main contribution of this study is our unique approach of conducting a local level assessment which aligns an existing sustainability measurement system with interaction research.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of S‐Aryldithiocarbamates: Aryl C−S Bond Formation at Room Temperature†
Authors: Madassery Geo Paul , M Vageesh , Panja Subir , P Hima , Dey Raju
Published: July 2022

Aryl halides containing electron‐withdrawing substituent(s) at ortho and para position undergoes aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction with sulfur nucleophile present in dithiocarbamate anions at room temperature. In the present study, several cyclic and acyclic secondary amines reacted in situ with carbon disulfide to form dithiocarbamate anions, which then react with different haloarenes resulting in the formation of aryldithiocarbamates. A series of aryldithiocarbamates are obtained in high yields by this procedure.
2D Material‐Enabled Optical Rectennas with Ultrastrong Light‐Electron Coupling
Authors: Nguyen Hai‐Thai , Yen Zhi‐Long , Su Yen‐Hsun , Hsieh Ya‐Ping , Hofmann Mario
Published: July 2022

Optical rectennas extend the electromagnetic wave rectification process into the visible regime and provide a route toward high‐performance photodetection and energy harvesting. Here, the promise of 2D materials toward on‐chip optical rectennas is demonstrated. A self‐aligned patterning process yields lateral MIM structures where a nanometer‐sized air gap separates a 2D material contact from a metal electrode. This device can be scalably produced in large arrays using established microfabrication techniques. Different from previous approaches, the performance of the 2D rectenna can be adjusted through electrostatic gating. Optimization of the band alignment leads to strong rectification at wavelengths around 500 nm and clear polarization control. Comparison of wavelength‐dependent rectenna performance with a photon‐assisted tunneling model reveals a tenfold increase in photon‐electron coupling over nanotube‐based rectennas. The results highlight the potential of 2D material‐based rectennas for future quantum computing applications.