bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of internet‐based cancer survivorship care plans on health care and lifestyle behaviors
Authors: Hill‐Kayser Christine E. , Vachani Carolyn C. , Hampshire Margaret K. , Di Lullo Gloria , Jacobs Linda A. , Metz James M.
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Survivorship care plans (SCP) are currently recommended by the Institute of Medicine, and will soon be required for accreditation by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the impact of SCPs on cancer survivors has not been previously reported.

METHODS

In 2007, the authors created an Internet tool for the creation of SCPs that provides customized guidelines for survivorship care. Users are sent a voluntary follow‐up survey 1 month after initial use.

RESULTS

From May 2010 through January 2013, 8690 cancer survivors used the SCP tool. The most common diagnoses were breast (45%), hematologic (12%), and gastrointestinal (11%) cancers; the median age of the survivors was 51 years. Of these, 875 (10%) respondents provided information for future electronic contact and 298 responded to a 1‐month follow‐up survey. They reported that the information provided was “good” to “excellent” in 93% of cases, and new in 65% of cases. With regard to the emotional impact of the SCP, 62% of responding survivors believed that it provided “just enough” information, 72% felt “more informed,” and 94% believed they would recommend it to others. The majority of respondents (63%) thought that the SCP changed their health care participation, and 80% shared/planned to share it with their health care team. Of those survivors who had done so, 80% reported that it improved communication with their health care providers. Greater than one‐half of survey users (54%) reported that they had made or planned to make a lifestyle change in response to the SCP, most commonly dietary modification and increased exercise.

CONCLUSIONS

Survivorship care plans are useful vehicles with which to promote lifestyle and behavioral changes, and to assist survivors with communication with health care providers. These findings support recommendations from the Institute of Medicine and the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. Cancer 2013;119:3854–3860. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Radiofrequency ablation versus open hepatic resection for elderly patients (> 65 years) with very early or early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Peng Zhen‐Wei , Liu Fu‐Rong , Ye Sheng , Xu Li , Zhang Yao‐Jun , Liang Hui‐Hong , Lin Xiao‐Jun , Lau Wan Yee , Chen Min‐Shan
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

This study retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with open hepatic resection (HR) in elderly patients (age > 65 years) with very early or early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS

Elderly patients (n = 180) with very early or early HCC were studied. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Center of Sun Yat‐Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before treatment. As an initial treatment, 89 patients were treated by RFA and 91 patients by HR. The survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared by log‐rank test.

RESULTS

The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survivals were 93.2%, 71.1%, and 55.2% for the RFA group and 88.8%, 62.8%, and 51.9% for the HR group, respectively (P = .305). The corresponding recurrence‐free survivals for these 2 groups were 84.1%, 62.7%, and 35.5% and 76.7%, 39.3%, and 33.1%, respectively (P = .035). On subgroup analysis for tumor ≤ 3 cm, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survivals were 94.2%, 82.6%, and 67.5% for the RFA group and 90.1%, 65.0%, and 55.1% for the HR group, respectively (P = .038). The corresponding recurrence‐free survivals for the 2 groups were 85.5%, 69.1%, and 40.7%, and 82.2%, 40.1%, and 31.8%, respectively (P = .049). For tumor > 3 cm, there was no significant difference between these 2 groups for overall survivals and recurrence‐free survivals (P = .543, P = .356, respectively). A multivariate regression analysis showed that treatment type was the only significant prognostic factor for recurrence‐free survival (P = .039).

CONCLUSIONS

There was no difference between the HR and RFA groups for overall survival, but RFA had better efficacy than HR for elderly patients with HCC ≤ 3 cm. Cancer 2013;119:3812–3820. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Thermodynamic modelling of adsorbed layers in solution growth
Authors: Madsen Hans Erik Lundager
Published: August 2013

An expression for the dependence of concentration of growth units in the adsorbed layer of a crystal growing from solution is derived. This formal thermodynamic expression comprises three enthalpy increments: the increment for transfer of growth units from kink to ad‐layer, the increment for desorption of solvent to make room for the additional growth units in the ad‐layer, and the increment for dissolution to re‐establish saturation of the solution following desorption of solvent. A few simplifying assumptions are considered, and examples of applications on non‐electrolyte and electrolyte crystals are given.
Complex organic guests in simple crystals: potassium hydrogen phthalate as case study
Authors: Kahr Bart , Bullard Theresa , Kurimoto Miki , De Yoreo James J.
Published: August 2013

The micromolar chemical lives of crystals are extraordinarily rich. This is especially true of potassium acid phthalate (KAP) which is able to orient and overgrow many complex organic dye molecules. KAP mixed crystals illustrate a number of concepts in solution crystal growth that are reviewed herein.
Enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm for fair channel access in the ieee 802.11 medium access control protocol
Authors: Al‐Hubaishi M. , Alahdal T. , Alsaqour R. , Berqia A. , Abdelhaq M. , Alsaqour O.
Published: August 2013

The medium access control protocol determines system throughput in wireless mobile ad hoc networks following the ieee 802.11 standard. Under this standard, asynchronous data transmissions have a defined distributed coordination function that allows stations to contend for channel usage in a distributed manner via the carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance protocol. In distributed coordination function, a slotted binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm resolves collisions of packets transmitted simultaneously by different stations. The BEB algorithm prevents packet collisions during simultaneous access by randomizing moments at stations attempting to access the wireless channels. However, this randomization does not eliminate packet collisions entirely, leading to reduced system throughput and increased packet delay and drop. In addition, the BEB algorithm results in unfair channel access among stations. In this paper, we propose an enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm to improve channel access fairness by adjusting the manner of increasing or decreasing the contention window based on the number of the successfully sent frames. We propose several configurations and use the NS2 simulator to analyze network performance. The enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm improves channel access fairness, significantly increases network throughput capacity, and reduces packet delay and drop. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zum Eurocode 6 – Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Jäger Wolfram
Published: August 2013

Unter dieser Rubrik werden Fragen beantwortet, die bei der Einarbeitung in den EC 6 entstehen. Die Wiedergabe erfolgt in jedem Falle anonymisiert. Sofern es um Verständnisfragen und Hintergrundinformationen geht, werden sie von den Beiratsmitgliedern beantwortet. Handelt es sich um Auslegungsfragen, wird der zuständige NABau‐Ausschuss NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Mauerwerksbau“ (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) mit einbezogen.

Mit dem Leserforum zum EC 6 soll der Praxis die Einarbeitung in das neue Normenpaket mit seinen Nationalen Anhängen erleichtert werden. Auch Sie können als Leser gern von dieser Rubrik Gebrauch machen und Ihre Fragen stellen (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).

Questions concerning the introduction of the EC 6. Under this heading questions are answered, arising from the application of EC 6. The questions are expressing anonymous in all cases. Provided that they concern the understanding and background information the answers will be given by members of the editorial board. If the questions are dealing with the interpretation of clauses of EC 6 the responsible code committee NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Masonry construction” (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) will be involved.

The practice should get help for the adjustment in the EC 6 and its National Annexes with this new category of contributions. The readers are invited to avail oneself of this chance very active (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).

Die nachfolgenden Fragen und Antworten beziehen sich auf den Teil 1‐1 [1] sowie Teil 3 [3] von DIN EN 1996 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang [2] und [4].
Genetic structure and demographic history of the endangered tree species Dysoxylum malabaricum (Meliaceae) in Western Ghats, India: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Bodare Sofia , Tsuda Yoshiaki , Ravikanth Gudasalamani , Uma Shaanker Ramanan , Lascoux Martin
Published: August 2013

The impact of fragmentation by human activities on genetic diversity of forest trees is an important concern in forest conservation, especially in tropical forests. Dysoxylum malabaricum (white cedar) is an economically important tree species, endemic to the Western Ghats, India, one of the world's eight most important biodiversity hotspots. As D. malabaricum is under pressure of disturbance and fragmentation together with overharvesting, conservation efforts are required in this species. In this study, range‐wide genetic structure of twelve D. malabaricum populations was evaluated to assess the impact of human activities on genetic diversity and infer the species’ evolutionary history, using both nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA simple sequence repeats (SSR). As genetic diversity and population structure did not differ among seedling, juvenile and adult age classes, reproductive success among the old‐growth trees and long distance seed dispersal by hornbills were suggested to contribute to maintain genetic diversity. The fixation index (FIS) was significantly correlated with latitude, with a higher level of inbreeding in the northern populations, possibly reflecting a more severe ecosystem disturbance in those populations. Both nuclear and cpSSRs revealed northern and southern genetic groups with some discordance of their distributions; however, they did not correlate with any of the two geographic gaps known as genetic barriers to animals. Approximate Bayesian computation‐based inference from nuclear SSRs suggested that population divergence occurred before the last glacial maximum. Finally we discussed the implications of these results, in particular the presence of a clear pattern of historical genetic subdivision, on conservation policies.
Evolutionary history of rat‐borne Bartonella: the importance of commensal rats in the dissemination of bacterial infections globally
Authors: Hayman David T. S. , McDonald Katherine D. , Kosoy Michael Y.
Published: August 2013

Emerging pathogens that originate from invasive species have caused numerous significant epidemics. Some bacteria of genus Bartonella are rodent‐borne pathogens that can cause disease in humans and animals alike. We analyzed gltA sequences of 191 strains of rat‐associated bartonellae from 29 rodent species from 17 countries to test the hypotheses that this bacterial complex evolved and diversified in Southeast Asia before being disseminated by commensal rats Rattus rattus (black rat) and Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) to other parts of the globe. The analysis suggests that there have been numerous dispersal events within Asia and introductions from Asia to other regions, with six major clades containing Southeast Asian isolates that appear to have been dispersed globally. Phylogeographic analyses support the hypotheses that these bacteria originated in Southeast Asia and commensal rodents (R. rattus and R. norvegicus) play key roles in the evolution and dissemination of this Bartonella complex throughout the world.
Investigation of Carbonyl Iron Powder for Development of Power Inductors for High Frequency
Authors: Koeda Masahito , Harada Akihiro , Ono Hiroyuki , Ishikura Tomokazu , Kuroda Tomofumi , Moro Hideharu
Published: August 2013

We have investigated carbonyl iron powder (CIP) for the development of a low‐loss power inductor at about 1 MHz. Significant differences were observed for the coercivity between two kinds of CIP, nonreduction CIP and reduction CIP. In order to investigate the origin of the significant differences of coercivity, we studied two kinds of CIP. It was shown that nonreduction CIP with low coercivity is an Fe‐based nanocrystalline soft magnetic material with a high saturation magnetization. We were able to produce a low‐loss dust core using a low‐coercivity CIP at about 1 MHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(9): 46–52, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11408
Sca‐1 expression defines developmental stages of mouse pDCs that show functional heterogeneity in the endosomal but not lysosomal TLR9 response
Authors: Niederquell Marina , Kurig Stefanie , Fischer Jens A. A. , Tomiuk Stefan , Swiecki Melissa , Colonna Marco , Johnston Ian C. D. , Dzionek Andrzej
Published: August 2013

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity and were shown to be identical to previously described natural interferon (IFN)‐α‐producing cells. Here, we describe two functionally distinct pDC subpopulations that are characterized by the differential expression of stem cell antigen‐1 (Sca‐1; Ly‐6A/E). Sca‐1− pDCs are mainly found in the BM, appear first during development, show a higher proliferative activity, and represent the more precursor phenotype. Sca‐1+ pDCs are mostly located in secondary lymphoid organs and represent a later developmental stage. Sca‐1− pDCs give rise to an Sca‐1+ subset upon activation or in response to endogenous type I IFN. Interestingly, in contrast to Sca‐1− pDCs, Sca‐1+ pDCs are defective in IFN‐α production upon endosomal TLR9 stimulation, whereas lysosomal signaling via TLR9 is functional in both subsets. Gene expression analysis revealed that osteopontin is strongly upregulated in Sca‐1− pDCs. These data provide evidence for the molecular basis of the observed functional heterogeneity, as the intracellular isoform of osteopontin couples TLR9 signaling to IFN‐α expression. Taken together, our results indicate that Sca‐1− pDCs are an early developmental stage of pDCs with distinct innate functions representing the true murine natural IFN‐α‐producing cells.
Adoptive transfer of cytomegalovirus‐specific effector CD4+T cells provides antiviral protection from murine CMV infection
Authors: Jeitziner Sanja Mandaric , Walton Senta M. , Torti Nicole , Oxenius Annette
Published: August 2013

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects a majority of the human population and establishes a life‐long persistence. CMV infection is usually asymptomatic but the virus carries pathogenic potential and causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. T‐cell‐mediated immunity plays an essential role in control of CMV infection and adoptive transfer of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells restores viral immunity in immunosuppressed patients but a role for CD4+ T cells remains elusive. Here, we analyzed in adoptive transfer studies the features and antiviral functions of virus‐specific CD4+ T cells during primary murine CMV (MCMV) infection. MCMV‐specific CD4+ T cells expanded upon MCMV infection and displayed an effector phenotype and function. Adoptive transfer of in vivo activated MCMV‐specific CD4+ T cells to immune‐compromised mice was protective during pathogenic MCMV infection and IFN‐γ was a crucial mediator of this protective capacity. Moreover, co‐transfer of low doses of both MCMV‐specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells synergized in control of lytic viral replication in immune‐compromised mice. Our data reveal a pivotal antiviral role for virus‐specific CD4+ T cells in protection from pathogenic CMV infection and provide evidence for their antiviral therapeutic potential.
Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Moiety of Thornasterside A
Authors: Xiong Junlong , Lu Zhichao , Ding Ning , Ren Sumei , Li Yingxia
Published: August 2013

The synthesis of the pentasaccharide moiety of thornasteroside A, the first asterosaponin isolated from starfish in 1978 has been achieved for the first time. Initially, a [3+2] convergent strategy was attempted, but the β(1→4) glycosidic linkage between galactopyranose (sugar IV) and xylopyranose (sugar II) was formed with a low stereoselectivity and in low yield. Subsequently, a [3+1+1] strategy was adopted. A galactopyranosyl donor (18) equipped with a neighboring participating Lev (levulinoyl) group at the 2‐position was first coupled with a trisaccharide acceptor to construct the β(1→4) glycosidic bond. Then the Lev group was selectively removed, and subsequent glycosylation with a perbenzoylated D‐fucopyranosyl Schmidt donor efficiently gave the desired pentasaccharide.
Deciphering the complex: Methodological overview of statistical models to derive OMICS‐based biomarkers
Authors: Chadeau‐Hyam Marc , Campanella Gianluca , Jombart Thibaut , Bottolo Leonardo , Portengen Lutzen , Vineis Paolo , Liquet Benoit , Vermeulen Roel C.H.
Published: August 2013

Recent technological advances in molecular biology have given rise to numerous large‐scale datasets whose analysis imposes serious methodological challenges mainly relating to the size and complex structure of the data. Considerable experience in analyzing such data has been gained over the past decade, mainly in genetics, from the Genome‐Wide Association Study era, and more recently in transcriptomics and metabolomics. Building upon the corresponding literature, we provide here a nontechnical overview of well‐established methods used to analyze OMICS data within three main types of regression‐based approaches: univariate models including multiple testing correction strategies, dimension reduction techniques, and variable selection models. Our methodological description focuses on methods for which ready‐to‐use implementations are available. We describe the main underlying assumptions, the main features, and advantages and limitations of each of the models. This descriptive summary constitutes a useful tool for driving methodological choices while analyzing OMICS data, especially in environmental epidemiology, where the emergence of the exposome concept clearly calls for unified methods to analyze marginally and jointly complex exposure and OMICS datasets. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:542‐557, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Next generation sequencing and rare genetic variants: From human population studies to medical genetics
Authors: Matullo Giuseppe , Gaetano Cornelia Di , Guarrera Simonetta
Published: August 2013

The allelic frequency spectrum emerging from several Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) projects is revealing important details about evolutionary and demographic forces that shaped the human genome. Herein, we discuss some of the achievements of the use of low‐frequency and rare variants from NGS studies. The majority of variants that affect protein‐coding regions are recent and rare. Often, the novel rare variants are enriched for deleterious alleles and are population‐specific, making them suitable for the study of disease susceptibility. To investigate this kind of variation and its effects in association studies, very large sample sizes will be necessary to achieve sufficient statistical power. Moreover, as these variants are typically population‐specific, the replication of disease associations across populations could be very difficult due to population stratification. Therefore, the design of experiments focusing on the identification of rare variants and their effects should be carefully planned. Although several successes have already been achieved through NGS for genetic epidemiology, pharmacogenetic and clinical purposes, with improvements of the sequencing technology and decreased costs, further advances are expected in the near future. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:518‐532, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
STIM1 and STIM2‐mediated Ca2+ influx regulates antitumour immunity by CD8+ T cells
Authors: Weidinger Carl , Shaw Patrick J. , Feske Stefan
Published: August 2013

Store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels regulates the function of many immune cells. Patients with loss‐of‐function mutations in the CRAC channel genes ORAI1 or STIM1 are immunodeficient and are prone to develop virus‐associated tumours. This and the reported role of Ca2+ signals in cytotoxic lymphocyte function suggest that SOCE may be critical for tumour immune surveillance. Using conditional knock out mice lacking STIM1 and its homologue STIM2, we find that SOCE in CD8+ T cells is required to prevent the engraftment of melanoma and colon carcinoma cells and to control tumour growth. SOCE is essential for the cytotoxic function of CTLs both in vivo and in vitro by regulating the degranulation of CTLs, their expression of Fas ligand and production of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. Our results emphasize an important role of SOCE in antitumour immunity, which is significant given recent reports arguing in favour of CRAC channel inhibition for cancer therapy.
Shared space, separate processes: Neural activation patterns for auditory description and visual object naming in healthy adults
Authors: Hamberger Marla J. , Habeck Christian G. , Pantazatos Spiro P. , Williams Alicia C. , Hirsch Joy
Published: August 2013

Historically, both clinicians and cognitive scientists have used visual object naming measures to study naming, and lesion‐type studies have implicated the left posterior, temporo‐parietal region as a critical component of naming circuitry. However, recent results from behavioral and cortical stimulation studies using auditory description naming as well as visual object naming in left temporal lobe epilepsy patients suggest that discrete sites in anterior temporal cortex are critical for description naming, whereas posterior temporal regions mediate both visual object naming and description naming. To determine whether this task specificity reflects normal cerebral organization and processing, 13 healthy adults performed description naming and visual naming during functional neuroimaging. In addition to standard univariate analysis, multivariate, ordinal trend analysis examined the network character of the regions involved in task‐specific naming. Univariate analysis indicated posterior temporal activation for both visual naming and description naming, whereas multivariate analysis revealed broader networks for both tasks, with both overlapping and task‐specific regions, as well as task‐related differences in the way the tasks utilized common regions. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed unique, task‐specific, regionally covarying activation patterns that were strikingly consistent in all 13 subjects for visual naming and 12/13 subjects for description naming. Results suggest a common neural substrate, yet differentiable neural processes underlying visual naming and description naming in neurologically intact individuals. These findings support the use of both types of tasks for clinical assessment and may have application in the treatment of neurologically based naming deficits. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2507–2520, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence of mechanism of action of anti‐inflammatory/antinociceptive activities of acacetin
Authors: Carballo‐Villalobos A.I. , González‐Trujano M.E. , López‐Muñoz F.J.
Published: August 2013

Background

Acacetin is a bioflavonoid with pharmacological properties such as antinociceptive/anti‐inflammatory activities. However, scientific evidence of its spectrum activity and mechanisms of action is unknown.

Methods

Acacetin administered via i.p. was assessed using several nociceptive experimental models such as the writhing test, the formalin test and carrageenan paw oedema in the thermal plantar tests (Hargreaves method) in mice, as well as the pain‐induced functional impairment model in rat (PIFIR model).

Results

Acacetin produced a significant and dose‐dependent inhibition of the writhes with an ED50 = 20 mg/kg. Furthermore, acacetin inhibited licking and shaking associated with nociceptive behaviour mainly in the inflammatory phase of the formalin test. No significant differences were observed in the plantar test in mice, but a minor response was obtained in the PIFIR model. Animals receiving pre‐treatment of WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.), flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.) or naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) partially reduced the antinociceptive response of acacetin in the writhing test. Presence of the inhibitors in the NO‐cGMP‐K+ channel pathway did not modify the antinociceptive effect of acacetin in the writhing or the formalin test.

Conclusions

Our data showed that systemic administration of acacetin decreased visceral and inflammatory nociception and prevented the formalin‐induced oedema. In the mechanism of the acacetin antinociceptive effect, 5‐HT1A, GABA/BDZs and opioid receptors but not the NO‐cGMP‐K+ channel pathway seem to be involved. The data presented prove acacetin to be potentially useful in the therapy of pain‐related diseases.
Wind‐driven exchanges between two basins: Some topographic and latitudinal effects
Authors: Yang Jiayan , Lin Xiaopei , Wu Dexing
Published: August 2013

Key Points

Flows between the open ocean and marginal sea is restricted by topography

Island rule does not apply to flows through shallow channels

friction promotes flows over sill
Exercise modifies α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor expression in striatopallidal neurons in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐lesioned mouse
Authors: Kintz N. , Petzinger G.M. , Akopian G. , Ptasnik S. , Williams C. , Jakowec M.W. , Walsh J.P.
Published: August 2013

The α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic‐acid‐type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) plays a critical role in modulating experience‐dependent neuroplasticity, and alterations in AMPAR expression may underlie synaptic dysfunction and disease pathophysiology. Using the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of dopamine (DA) depletion, our previous work showed exercise increases total GluA2 subunit expression and the contribution of GluA2‐containing channels in MPTP mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise‐dependent changes in AMPAR expression after MPTP are specific to the striatopallidal (D2R) or striatonigral (D1R) medium spiny neuron (MSN) striatal projection pathways. Drd2‐eGFP‐BAC transgenic mice were used to delineate differences in AMPAR expression between striatal D2R‐MSNs and D1R‐MSNs. Striatal AMPAR expression was assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Western immunoblotting (WB) of preparations enriched for postsynaptic density (PSD), and alterations in the current–voltage relationship of MSNs. We found DA depletion results in the emergence of GluA2‐lacking AMPARs selectively in striatopallidal D2R‐MSNs and that exercise reverses this effect in MPTP mice. Exercise‐induced changes in AMPAR channels observed after DA depletion were associated with alterations in GluA1 and GluA2 subunit expression in postsynaptic protein, D2R‐MSN cell surface expression, and restoration of corticostriatal plasticity. Mechanisms regulating experience‐dependent changes in AMPAR expression may provide innovative therapeutic targets to increase the efficacy of treatments for basal ganglia disorders, including Parkinson's disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive social structures in social network research: A review
Authors: Brands Raina A.
Published: August 2013

This review highlights one stream of work within the social network field, namely the work on cognitive social structures (CSS). First, CSS research is positioned within the field of social networks, and the key methods associated with CSS research are described. Research examining systematic biases in individuals' perceptions of social networks is covered, as is research examining the consequences of biased network perceptions (in terms of behaviors and outcomes). A research agenda is forwarded, suggesting three key directions for future research: the social capital of cognitive ties, extending and challenging network accuracy as a source of advantage and collective agency and organizational change. The overall goal is to invigorate research that moves beyond the description of cognitive social structures to an outcome‐focused research paradigm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensification and rapid intensification of North Atlantic tropical cyclones: geography, time of year, age since genesis, and storm characteristics
Authors: Yaukey Peter H.
Published: August 2013

Tropical cyclone best track data in the Atlantic from 1950 to 2009 were analysed to determine whether tendency to rapidly intensify varied among geographical sub‐regions, 15‐d intervals within the season, or when the storm displayed different characteristics of age, strength, or time of day. Wind speed increases of 7.7 m s−1 (15 kt)/24 h and 15.4 m s−1 (30 kt)/24 h were used to define intensification events; these ended up showing similar patterns. Cyclones were most likely to begin intensifying in the Gulf of Mexico and least likely in the northeast Atlantic. Likelihood did not peak during the early September peak of cyclone occurrence; cyclones were most likely to begin intensification on their initial observations, and at that time were most likely to do so if their wind speed was 18.0 m s−1 (35 kt). Older cyclones showed peaks of intensification onset at 15.4 m s−1 (30 kt) and 36.0 m s−1 (70 kt). Intensification rarely began immediately after wind speed had declined over the previous 6 h; when winds had been unchanged, intensification most often occurred when central pressure had dropped by 1 or 2 mb. Intensification onset was more likely when winds were slower than average relative to the storm's central pressure. In three time zones, onset of intensification (7.7 m s−1 [15 kt]/24 h) appeared to be most likely shortly after midnight local time, and least likely shortly before midnight. Cyclogenesis was least frequent around local midnight, and most likely in the diurnal morning hours.
Narrow‐band imaging in the endoscopic evaluation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients
Authors: Pagella Fabio , Pusateri Alessandro , Chu Francesco , Caputo Michele , Danesino Cesare , Matti Elina
Published: August 2013

Laryngoscope, 123:2967–2968, 2013
Comparing Ammonium and Phosphonium Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Thermal Analysis, Conductivity, and Morphology
Authors: Hemp Sean T. , Zhang Mingqiang , Allen Michael H. , Cheng Shijing , Moore Robert B. , Long Timothy E.
Published: August 2013

Conventional free radical polymerization and anion metathesis of ammonium and phosphonium styrenics successfully generates high‐molecular‐weight polymerized ionic liquids (PILs). Phosphonium polyelectrolytes containing Cl‐ counterions display significantly higher thermal stabilities (>370 °C) compared with ammonium analogs (<220 °C). Anion exchange to BF4–, TfO–, and Tf2N– improves the thermal stability of all the PILs and depresses their Tg. Impedance‐spectroscopy‐probed ionic conductivities of PILs containing Tf2N–, and phosphonium PILs exhibit higher values than ammonium analogs. Phosphonium PILs displayed many advantages over ammonium PILs for emerging applications that demand higher thermal stabilities and ionic conductivities.

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Upward Morley's theorem downward
Authors: Sági Gábor , Gyenis Zalán
Published: August 2013

By a celebrated theorem of Morley, a theory T is ℵ1‐categorical if and only if it is κ‐categorical for all uncountable κ. In this paper we are taking the first steps towards extending Morley's categoricity theorem “to the finite”. In more detail, we are presenting conditions, implying that certain finite subsets of certain ℵ1‐categorical T have at most one n‐element model for each natural number (counting up to isomorphism, of course).
The arithmetic of cuts in models of arithmetic
Authors: Kaye Richard
Published: August 2013

We present a number of results on the structure of initial segments of models of Peano arithmetic with the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation and logarithm. Each of the binary operations introduced is defined in two dual ways, often with quite different results, and we attempt to systematise the issues and show how various calculations may be carried out. To understand the behaviour of addition and subtraction we introduce a notion of derivative on cuts, analogous to differentiation in the calculus. Multiplication, division and other operations are described by higher order versions of derivative. The work here is presented as important preliminary work related to a nonstandard measure theory of non‐definable bounded subsets of a model of Peano arithmetic.
Uniformly convex Banach spaces are reflexive—constructively
Authors: Bridges Douglas S. , Ishihara Hajime , McKubre‐Jordens Maarten
Published: August 2013

We propose a natural definition of what it means in a constructive context for a Banach space to be reflexive, and then prove a constructive counterpart of the Milman‐Pettis theorem that uniformly convex Banach spaces are reflexive.
Theoretical and computational advances for network diversion
Authors: Cullenbine Christopher A. , Wood R. Kevin , Newman Alexandra M.
Published: August 2013

The network‐diversion problem (ND) is defined on a directedor undirected graph G = (V,E) having non‐negative edge weights, a source vertex s, a sink vertex t, and a “diversion edge” . This problem, with intelligence‐gathering and war‐fighting applications, seeks a minimum‐weight, minimal s‐t cut in G such that . We present (a) a new NP‐completeness proof for ND on directed graphs, (b) the first polynomial‐time solution algorithm for a special graph topology, (c) an improved mixed‐integer programming formulation (MIP), and (d) useful valid inequalities for that MIP. The proof strengthens known results by showing, for instance, that ND is strongly NP‐complete on a directed graph even when is incident from s or into t, but not both, and even when G is acyclic; a corollary shows the NP‐completeness of a vertex‐deletion version of ND on undirected graphs. The polynomial‐time algorithm solves ND on s‐t planar graphs. Compared to a MIP from the literature, the new MIP, coupled with valid inequalities, reduces the average duality gap by 10–50% on certain classes of test problems. It can also reduce solution times by an order of magnitude. We successfully solve unweighted problems with roughly 90,000 vertices and 360,000 edges and weighted problems with roughly 10,000 vertices and 40,000 edges. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 000(00), 000–000 2013
Collection of Delinquent Fines: An Adaptive Randomized Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Alternative Text Messages
Authors: Haynes Laura C. , Green Donald P. , Gallagher Rory , John Peter , Torgerson David J.
Published: August 2013

The collection of delinquent fines is a vast and ongoing public administration challenge. In the United Kingdom, unpaid fines amount to more than 500 million pounds. Managing noncompliant accounts and dispatching bailiffs to collect fines in person is costly. This paper reports the results of a large randomized controlled trial, led by the UK Cabinet Office's Behavioural Insights Team, which was designed to test the effectiveness of mobile phone text messaging as an alternative method of inducing people to pay their outstanding fines. An adaptive trial design was used, first to test the effectiveness of text messaging against no treatment and then to test the relative effectiveness of alternative messages. Text messages, which are relatively inexpensive, are found to significantly increase average payment of delinquent fines. We found text messages to be especially effective when they address the recipient by name.
Effect of electron beam irradiation dose on the rheology, morphology, and thermal properties of branched polypropylene/polybutene‐1 blend
Authors: Ardakani Farzaneh , Jahani Yousef , Morshedian Jalil
Published: August 2013

The aim of this work is to study the influence of electron beam irradiation on the structure of polypropylene (PP)/polybutene‐1 (PB‐1) blend in the branching process. The blend with 10 wt% of PB‐1 and 0.5 wt% trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate monomer is prepared and irradiated at different doses. The rheological properties of the melts in shear and extensional mode were evaluated, and their thermal behavior, crystalline structure, and morphology are studied by differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of long chain branched structure is approved by higher zero‐shear viscosity (η0), longer relaxation time and pronounced strain‐hardening behavior in the within the range of dose tested. By increasing the irradiation dose and enhancing chain scission in the backbone and long chain branches, the decline in melting temperature, duplication of melting peak, and the decrease in zero‐shear viscosity were observed. The morphological study of the blends before and after irradiation revealed no considerable change in PB‐1 droplet size and their distribution in the PP matrix. The emulsion theoretical models could predict well the rheological behavior of all samples and no significant change was observed on the interfacial interaction of PP and PB‐1. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1747–1756, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Increased conversion efficiency in cadmium telluride photovoltaics by luminescent downshifting with quantum dot/poly(methyl methacrylate) films
Authors: Hodgson Simon D. , Brooks William S. M. , Clayton Andrew J. , Kartopu Giray , Lamb Daniel A. , Barrioz Vincent , Irvine Stuart J. C.
Published: August 2013

Commercially available quantum dots have been encapsulated in a poly(methyl methacrylate) film and used as a luminescent downshifting layer on cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride photovoltaic devices. Application of these films has resulted in a relative improvement to the short‐circuit current of over 4% by I–V measurement, with a significant increase in the contribution of short‐wavelength light resulting in 25% of the current available in this part of the spectrum being captured. The films have been shown to be highly scattering and the associated difficulties this provides to external quantum efficiency measurements have been discussed. A range of optical characterisation techniques, particularly laser beam induced current, have been used to probe the effect the films have on a cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride device. An alternate methodology for performing external quantum efficiency measurements with the quantum dot films has been proposed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model for the simulation of energy gains when using distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) in photovoltaic arrays
Authors: Solórzano‐Moral Jorge , Masa‐Bote Daniel , Egido‐Aguilera Miguel Angel. , Caamaño‐Martín Estefania
Published: August 2013

Over the past years, the photovoltaic (PV) market has been invaded with numerous power optimizers and micro‐inverters that claim large energy gains when used in PV generators with shading or module mismatch. These products provide distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT), normally at module level, allowing the maximum power to be extracted from each PV module. This topology can be beneficial in situations where the PV generator is shaded or when there is large module mismatch. However, it is not clear that this power gain will result in energy improvements over a whole year or the lifetime of the system. This paper presents a very detailed and precise model for simulating energy gains with DMPPT as well as its verification and simulation results with different shading profiles, showing the possible energy gain over a whole year. Simulation results show that the yearly energy gain is much lower than the maximum power gain. However, interesting yearly gains of up to 12% are obtained in one of the simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon‐rich nanostructures: the conversion of acetylenes into materials
Authors: Chernick Erin T. , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: August 2013

The inherent thermodynamic instability of the carbon–carbon triple bond offers a unique starting point for the formation of carbon‐rich nanomaterials, which are of increasing importance for use in materials science and technology. Whereas significant efforts have recently been devoted toward suppressing the well‐known reactivity of sp‐hybridized compounds in an effort to obtain the elusive carbon allotrope “carbyne,” this mini‐review will focus on the opposite idea; that is, we explore current research efforts that attempt to harness the reactivity of carbon–carbon triple bonds in a controlled, templated manner that ultimately converts acetylenic precursors into ordered, carbon‐based nanomaterials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface wave propagation in an elastic laser‐excited half‐space with small‐scale effects
Authors: Mirzade F. Kh.
Published: August 2013

The propagation of Rayleigh waves in an isotopic elastic half‐space with small length scale effects whose surface is free from stress and subjected to laser irradiation is investigated. Using the nonlocal form of constitutive equations the balance of moment and laser‐induced defect‐concentration field equations are obtained. The frequency equation that governs the Rayleigh surface wave propagation in the considered medium has been derived. It is observed that the waves are dispersive in nature and that the dispersion is caused by the atomic defect generation. An approximate procedure is applied to obtain explicit expressions for phase velocity and attenuation (amplification) coefficients which characterize surface waves. It is shown that if the pump parameter is above the critical value, due to concentration–elastic instability coupled strain‐defect nanosized ordered structures on the surface of solids arises. The period of these structures is proportional to the characteristic length of defect‐atom interaction and increases with the increase of the temperature of the medium.
Origin and transport properties of two‐dimensional electron gas at ZnMgO/ZnO interface grown by MOVPE
Authors: Ye Jiandong , Lim Sze Ter , Gu Shulin , Tan H. Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Teo Kie Leong
Published: August 2013

In this study, the origin and transport properties of high mobility carriers of two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at ZnMgO/ZnO interface have been investigated. It is found that the observed experimental dependence of carrier sheet density of 2DEG on ZnMgO thickness and Mg composition exhibits an excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations based on the surface charge model. It indicates that the mobile electrons in 2DEG are originated from the donor‐like surface states. Moreover, the anomalous periodicity of Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations has been observed and the partial spin polarization feature of 2DEG has also been demonstrated, which exhibits the promising development in oxide spintronics applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of ZnO and ZnMgO nanowires by Au‐catalysed molecular‐beam epitaxy
Authors: Isakov Ivan , Panfilova Marina , Sourribes Marion J. L. , Warburton Paul A.
Published: August 2013

We have studied oxygen‐plasma assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy growth of ZnMgO nanostructures catalysed by gold. The growth was carried out at temperatures ranging from 350 to 900 °C. Au droplets were prepared by annealing a thermally evaporated Au thin film, or by deposition of Au colloidal particles, or by electron‐beam lithography with a subsequent Au lift‐off deposition process. The resulting nanowires grow at temperatures in the range 700–850 °C with diameter 40–100 nm and with length up to 4 μm. In order to increase nanowire density and reduce tapering, two‐step growth with a ZnO low‐temperature buffer‐layer was successfully implemented. To study Mg incorporation into ZnO nanowires, Zn1–xMgxO nanowires were grown with normalized Mg flux up to 11%. High resolution microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction reveal that Mg‐doped nanowires grow in single phase with Mg content up to 7.5%. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust inference from multiple test statistics via permutations: a better alternative to the single test statistic approach for randomized trials
Authors: Ganju Jitendra , Yu Xinxin , Ma Guoguang (Julie)
Published: August 2013

Formal inference in randomized clinical trials is based on controlling the type I error rate associated with a single pre‐specified statistic. The deficiency of using just one method of analysis is that it depends on assumptions that may not be met. For robust inference, we propose pre‐specifying multiple test statistics and relying on the minimum p‐value for testing the null hypothesis of no treatment effect. The null hypothesis associated with the various test statistics is that the treatment groups are indistinguishable. The critical value for hypothesis testing comes from permutation distributions. Rejection of the null hypothesis when the smallest p‐value is less than the critical value controls the type I error rate at its designated value. Even if one of the candidate test statistics has low power, the adverse effect on the power of the minimum p‐value statistic is not much. Its use is illustrated with examples. We conclude that it is better to rely on the minimum p‐value rather than a single statistic particularly when that single statistic is the logrank test, because of the cost and complexity of many survival trials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of XPS imaging analysis in understanding interfacial delamination and X‐ray radiation degradation of PMMA
Authors: Piao Hong , Fairley Neal , Walton John
Published: August 2013

The recent development of X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) instrumentation with spatial resolution down to several microns has advanced the capability of elemental and chemical state imaging. XPS imaging analysis has been applied in understanding the delamination problems of siloxane coatings on polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) polymer. It was found that delamination occurred by interfacial failure, and the coating suffered complete delamination from a PMMA substrate. This example offered an opportunity for the investigation of X‐ray damage on polymers encountered in XPS imaging analysis. This paper also demonstrated how to construct a constrained peak model with the aid of chemical knowledge and supporting evidence of the sample. Monte Carlo error analysis was used to determine the validity of the peak fit models used. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.