bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prozessbasierter Ansatz in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Stangier Ulrich , Strauß Bernhard , Rief Winfried , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: October 2023

Der prozessbasierte Therapieansatz stellt ein neues Konzept der Diagnostik, Therapieplanung und zum Therapieprozess dar. Im Zentrum des Verständnisses von psychischen Störungen steht die Auffassung, dass die „Ursache“ psychischer Störungen nicht etwa auf latente „Krankheiten“ zurückgeführt wird, sondern diese in dynamischen Netzwerken von psychischen Prozessen eines Individuums gesehen wird. Durch Erfassung von Variablen in Alltagssituationen, die im individuellen Fall relevant sind, sollen solche zentralen Faktoren („Knoten“), die maladaptive Netzwerke aus sich wechselseitig beeinflussenden Störungsprozessen aufrechterhalten, identifiziert werden. Aus der konkreten Erfassung von störungsrelevanten Prozessen im Problemkontext lassen sich individuell relevante Ansatzpunkte für evidenzbasierte Interventionen ableiten; diese verändern das maladaptive Muster des Störungsnetzwerkes und fördern adaptivere Erlebnis- und Verhaltensweisen. Zusätzlich sind die Interaktionsprozesse in der therapeutischen Beziehung zu berücksichtigen und auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Patient*innen anzupassen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden auch die gegenwärtig noch offenen Fragen bei der Anwendung prozessbasierter Therapie in der therapeutischen Praxis behandelt.
Seeing the fields through the weeds: introducing the WeedEco R package for comparing past and present arable farming systems using functional weed ecology
Authors: Stroud Elizabeth , Charles Michael , Jones Glynis , Hodgson John G. , Bogaard Amy
Published: October 2023

The functional ecology of arable weeds provides a way of comparing present-day and past farming regimes. This paper presents the R package WeedEco, an open-source resource which allows users to compare their archaeobotanical dataset against three previously published arable weed models to understand fertility, disturbance or a combination of both. The package provides functions for data organisation, classification and visualisation, allowing users to enter raw archaeobotanical data, obtain trait values from the functional trait dataset, conduct discriminant analysis and plot the results against the relevant present-day model. Using data from the early medieval site of Stafford in the UK, the paper provides a detailed example of the use of the package, demonstrating its different functions, as well as how the results can be interpreted.
Eine App für die informelle Pflege
Authors: Hudelmayer Annika , zur Kammer Kenneth , Schütz Johanna
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Personen, die an informellen Pflegearrangements beteiligt sind, werden als Zielgruppe für digitale Angebote gesehen. Pflegende An- und Zugehörige übernehmen häufig die Organisation und Koordination der Pflege, was mit einem hohen Informationsbedarf verbunden ist.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Studie geht der Frage nach, inwiefern die Nutzung einer digitalen Anwendung – insbesondere die dort aufbereiteten, pflegerelevanten Informationen – von pflegenden Angehörigen als Unterstützung im Pflegealltag wahrgenommen werden.

Material und Methoden

Eine marktreife Smartphone-App wird von 16 pflegenden Angehörigen über mehrere Monate genutzt. Mithilfe qualitativer Interviews wird untersucht, welche Funktionen in realen Pflegesituationen genutzt und als Mehrwert empfunden werden. Die Auswertung erfolgt mithilfe der Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz.

Ergebnisse

Die App wird punktuell genutzt, und die Zufriedenheit mit den darin aufbereiteten Informationen ist u. a. von der Pflegesituation abhängig. Ein Mehrwert und eine Entlastung durch die App werden v. a. zu Beginn einer Pflegesituation gesehen. Die Teilnehmenden weisen auf bisher nicht integrierte, aber wünschenswerte Anforderungen, z. B. regionale Informationen oder individuelle Anpassungen, hin.

Diskussion

Damit digitale Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten ihr erhofftes Potenzial entfalten können, müssen diese den an informeller Pflege Beteiligten frühzeitig bekannt sein. Weitere Voraussetzungen dafür, dass Pflege-Apps von der Zielgruppe als Mehrwert wahrgenommen werden, sind eine vertrauenswürdige Darstellung der Inhalte, deren Individualisierbarkeit und Aktualität.
Multidisciplinary evaluation of the remineralization potential of three fluoride-based toothpastes on natural white spot lesions
Authors: Orilisi Giulia , Vitiello Flavia , Notarstefano Valentina , Furlani Michele , Riberti Nicole , Monterubbianesi Riccardo , Bellezze Tiziano , Campus Guglielmo , Carrouel Florence , Orsini Giovanna , Putignano Angelo
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This in vitro study aimed assessing the remineralization potential of three commercial fluoride-based toothpastes in permanent teeth with natural white spot lesions (WSLs). A multidisciplinary approach based on Raman microspectroscopy (RMS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) was exploited.

Methods

N = 12 human molars with natural WSLs in the proximal-vestibular zone were selected and divided into 4 groups (n = 3) according to the different treatments: HAF (hydroxyapatite with fluoride ions); SMF (sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine); SF (sodium fluoride with enzymes), and CTRL (untreated group). All toothpastes tested contained 1450 ppm of fluoride. Teeth samples were submitted to the following protocol: a 7-day pH cycling treatment, with two daily exposures (2 min each time) to the commercial toothpastes described above. The surface micromorphology (SEM), the chemical/elemental composition (RMS and EDS), and the Vickers microhardness (VMH) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results

A remarkable remineralization of WSLs in SEM images was observed in all treated groups compared to CTRL. In particular, HAF and SF displayed higher values of VMH, phosphates amount (I960), crystallinity (FWHM960), and lower ones of C/P (I1070/I960) with respect to CTRL. Intermediate values were found in SMF, higher than CTRL but lower with respect to HAF and SF. As regards the Ca/P ratio, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between SF and the other groups.

Conclusions

All the tested dentifrices have shown to remineralize the WSLs. SF and HAF have comparable capability in hardness recovery and crystallinity; however, SF shows the best remineralizing potential according to both micromorphological and chemical analyses.

Clinical relevance

The daily use of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite partially replaced with fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine and sodium fluoride toothpaste associated with enzymes represents a preventive, therapeutic, effective, and non-invasive tool for remineralize WSLs.
Does Reducing Alcohol Use Among People with HIV Alleviate Psychological Distress and Symptoms of Depression? A Randomized Controlled Trial in Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Bantjes Jason , Morojele Neo K. , Myers Bronwyn , Swanevelder Sonja , Parry Charles
Published: October 2023

Although alcohol use is associated with depression, it is unclear if brief alcohol reduction interventions can ameliorate depression and psychological distress among people with HIV (PWH). We use data from a two-arm randomised controlled trial to examine this question. PWH on antiretroviral treatment (ART) were randomly assigned to receive a brief intervention or treatment as usual (n = 622). Screening was done with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-C, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, at baseline and at 3- and 6-months post-baseline. Changes in depression and psychological distress was assessed using analysis of covariance models with baseline measures of alcohol consumption, sex and age included as covariates and adjusting for baseline symptom severity. Changes in alcohol consumption between baseline and follow-up were included in the analysis to establish if this affected outcomes. For both the intervention and control groups, there were significant reductions in symptom severity at 3-months and 6-months for depression and psychological distress, but no significant between group differences were observed. Reductions in alcohol consumption were significantly associated with reductions in depression and psychological distress, supporting the hypothesis that alcohol use is linked to depression among PWH.

Trial RegistrationPan African Clinical Trials Register, PACTR201405000815100.nh
What impedes and enables flourishing among early career academics?
Authors: Stratford Elaine , Watson Phillipa , Paull Brett
Published: October 2023

Early career academics face a rapidly changing higher education sector and too little is known about what helps them flourish in the profession. This paper responds to that gap by reporting research undertaken in a single or intrinsic case study of one Australian university. We invited participation from a full cohort of 1019 academics in one large College. Of those, 41 early career academics or ECAs and 45 more senior academics or MSAs engaged in a 50-question survey. Of those, 18 ECAs and 16 MSAs who had flagged interest then completed an in-depth interview. We learned about: ECAs’ work; what they and MSAs think impedes and enables that work; work-life balance; and experiences of mentoring and career development. We also asked for their perspectives on the future. We found remarkable agreement across the two cohorts that mirrors concerns expressed in a growing, internationally significant literature. Members of both cohorts appealed for strengthened organisational and sectoral commitments to caring career pathways and sought more certainty in challenging times. Our findings led us to conclude that academics have high hopes that universities and those in higher education policy settings can address work overload; enhance professional development across all duties; make leaner systems and processes; have more realistic expectations about research; and better value academics’ profound commitments to higher education. Those findings accord with other results reported in comparable jurisdictions around the world and add weight to an increasingly compelling case to recentre and refocus on people in university organisational cultures and practices.
Antioxidative copper sinter bonding under thermal aging utilizing reduction of cuprous oxide nanoparticles by polyethylene glycol
Authors: Matsuda Tomoki , Yamada Seigo , Okubo Shio , Hirose Akio
Published: October 2023

Durability of sintered Cu joints under thermal aging in the air was investigated for the reduction of Cu2O using Cu2O/polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixture. Thermal analysis of the Cu2O/PEG paste showed that the molecular weight of PEG influences the redox reaction and the subsequent bonding related to the combustion of the reducing organic solvent. Sintered Cu joints using PEG 400 exhibited high joint strength (above 30 MPa) in shear tests, even for the bonding temperature of 280 °C. The sintered Cu joints exhibited slightly increased strength during thermal aging at 250 °C in air, which was also confirmed by the microscale tensile test used for evaluating the fracture behavior of the sintered Cu structure. Microstructural analysis, including the evaluation of the crystal orientation, revealed a small change in the microstructure of sintered joints during aging. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of organic membranes on slightly oxidized sintered Cu grains before thermal aging, and additional oxidation was observed after thermal aging. The progress of sintering during thermal aging in vacuum was different than that in air. It was considered that the formation of a thin Cu2O layer, controlled by the presence of organic membranes, contributed to the suppression of Cu sintering.

Graphical abstract
The Random Weierstrass Zeta Function II. Fluctuations of the Electric Flux Through Rectifiable Curves
Authors: Sodin Mikhail , Wennman Aron , Yakir Oren
Published: October 2023

Consider a random planar point process whose law is invariant under planar isometries. We think of the process as a random distribution of point charges and consider the electric field generated by the charge distribution. In Part I of this work, we found a condition on the spectral side which characterizes when the field itself is invariant with a well-defined second-order structure. Here, we fix a process with an invariant field, and study the fluctuations of the flux through large arcs and curves in the plane. Under suitable conditions on the process and on the curve, denoted$$\Gamma $$Γ, we show that the asymptotic variance of the flux through$$R\,\Gamma $$RΓgrows likeRtimes the signed length of$$\Gamma $$Γ. As a corollary, we find that the charge fluctuations in a dilated Jordan domain is asymptotic with the perimeter, provided only that the boundary is rectifiable. The proof is based on the asymptotic analysis of a closely related quantity (thecomplex electric actionof the field along a curve). A decisive role in the analysis is played by a signed version of the classical Ahlfors regularity condition.
BMAP-27 Peptide Reduces Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis in Primary and Metastatic Colon Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Das Alakesh , Deka Dikshita , Baildya Nabajyoti , Banerjee Antara , Bisgin Atil , Adhikari Suman , Duttaroy Asim K. , Pathak Surajit
Published: October 2023

BMAP-27 peptide is reported to possess apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells but the actual mechanism of action is yet to be investigated. In the current investigation, we aimed to study the role of the BMAP-27 peptide in reducing proliferation and increasing apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. In this study, we used primary and metastatic colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT and CCK-8 assays, and cellular damage was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation potentials were measured by the expression of CASPASE3, BAX, BCL-2, TP53, CDK-6, PCNA, WNT11, AXIN1, and CTNNB1 genes. Additionally, in-silico studies were conducted to determine the binding affinities of BMAP-27 with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin proteins, one of the primary regulators of colon cancer. BMAP-27 peptide reduced colon cancer cell proliferation, upregulated tumor suppressor genes CASPASE3, BAX, TP53, AXIN1 expression, and downregulated the expression of oncogenes BCL-2, CDK-6, PCNA, WNT11, CTNNB1 in both the cell lines, however, in the primary colon cancer cell line the changes are found to be more significant. The molecular dynamic simulation analysis revealed substantial binding affinity of the peptide to APC and β-catenin proteins. BMAP-27 peptide significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in the primary colon cancer cell line than in the metastatic colon cancer cell line. In-silico results suggest that BMAP-27 shows a strong binding affinity with APC and β-catenin proteins, highlighting its role in inhibiting colon cancer cell proliferation.
Symbiotic effectiveness, abiotic stress tolerance and phosphate solubilizing ability of new chickpea root-nodule bacteria from soils in Kununurra Western Australia and Narrabri New South Wales Australia
Authors: Oparah Irene Adu , Hartley Jade Christopher , Deaker Rosalind , Gemell Greg , Hartley Elizabeth , Kaiser Brent Norman
Published: October 2023

Aims

To assess the symbiotic effectiveness, tolerance to abiotic stress factors and phosphate solubilizing ability of new chickpea root-nodule bacteria.

Methods

Symbiotic effectiveness, abiotic stress tolerance and phosphate solubilizing ability of ten new chickpea rhizobial strains collected from soils were evaluated using laboratory and glasshouse experiments.

Results

Six of the ten strains were symbiotically efficient with diversity between those and the commercial chickpea strain CC1192. High temperatures significantly affected strain survival in liquid and peat carrier. Peat carrier offered greater protection. Above 37 °C, strain infectivity decreased with no correlation between strain origin and their infectivity after exposure. Three of the new strains and CC1192 produced optimum growth and survival at pH 6.8 and at two lower pH’s of 4.4 and 5.4 were able to neutralize the growth medium while the other seven strains at high pH were able to either neutralize or acidify the growth medium. Strain survival was significantly higher at increased salt concentrations of NaCl compared to CaCl2. At 3% NaCl concentration, 8 strains survived while at 3% CaCl2 only 3 survived. Many strains were resistant to more than one antibiotic. All strains were able to solubilize phosphate. The ratio between the most efficient strain and the least was 3:1.

Conclusions

Chickpea rhizobia strains sourced from soils in Narrabri New South Wales and Kununurra in Western Australia differed in expressed traits from the commercial strain CC1192. These unique traits could provide additional tools for rhizobial strain selection to benefit chickpea production in different soil environments.
Lower Bound for the Green Energy of Point Configurations in Harmonic Manifolds
Authors: Beltrán Carlos , de la Torre Víctor , Lizarte Fátima
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we get the sharpest known to date lower bounds for the minimal Green energy of the compact harmonic manifolds of any dimension. Our proof generalizes previous ad-hoc arguments for the most basic harmonic manifold, i.e. the sphere, extending it to the general case and remarkably simplifying both the conceptual approach and the computations.
Beyond conventional farming: exploring the benefits of planting basins with manure on soil quality as reflected in labile organic carbon and nitrogen indicators in Kenya
Authors: Kichamu-Wachira Edith , Bai Yifan , Xu Zhihong , Reardon-Smith Kathryn , Liu Hongdou , Biggs Duan
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Soil quality is critical for plant growth and ecosystem sustainability. Understanding the indicators that indicate soil quality is, therefore, crucial. Labile organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are important components of soil functions that impact productivity and environmental stability. This study aimed to explore the sensitivity of different labile C and N fractions, including water extractable organic C (WEOC) and total N (WEON) and hot water extractable organic C (HWEOC) and total N (HWEON), to planting basins with manure compared to conventional farming practices.

Methods and methods

Soil samples were drawn from 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths at 12 sites in Makueni County, Kenya. Samples were analysed for differences in WEOC, HWEOC, WEON, and HWEON between planting basins with manure and conventional farmer practices. We also assessed the correlations of the different labile C and N pools with other soil chemical properties linked to soil quality.

Results and discussions

The results showed that planting basins with manure significantly increased mean WEOC (171.53 µg g−1), HWEOC (353.62 µg g−1), WEON (26.60 µg g−1), and HWEON (26.39 µg g−1) compared to those of conventional farming practices (p < 0.05). WEOC was positively correlated with WEON and δ15N (p < 0.001) at the 0–10 cm soil layer suggesting that extractable organic matter can be used as an index for soil health and nutrient content.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that cold water and hot water extractable C and N are sensitive indicators of the effects of different land management practices on soil quality. The results further demonstrate that planting basins with manure can improve soil quality by increasing labile C and N pools.
Wie bewerten Einsatzkräfte der Bereitschaftspolizei ihre Einsatzverpflegung?
Authors: Ambacher Stefan , Lührmann Petra , Schleicher Katja , Dohnke Birte
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Die Bereitschaftspolizei bildet eine maßgebliche Ausführungsebene zur Bewahrung der inneren Sicherheit. Der Gesetzgeber ist verpflichtet, die Einsatzkräfte während dem Dienst unentgeltlich und adäquat zu verpflegen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, wie die Einsatzkräfte der Bereitschaftspolizei die Einsatzverpflegung bewerten.

Material und Methoden

Einen Fragebogen zu verschiedenen Aspekten ihrer Einsatzverpflegung (Erwartungen und deren Erfüllungsgrad, Zufriedenheit, Reste/Ergänzung, Veränderungsbedarf) sowie zum Stellenwert einer gesundheitsfördernden Ernährung und diesbezüglicher Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen beantworteten 405 Einsatzkräfte.

Ergebnisse

Die Einsatzkräfte hatten hohe Erwartungen an alle abgefragten Aspekte der Einsatzverpflegung, die jedoch größtenteils nicht erfüllt wurden. Die meisten Einsatzkräfte waren mit der Einsatzverpflegung unzufrieden und hielten Veränderungen für nötig. Es blieben oftmals Lebensmittelreste übrig und das Angebot wurde mit eigenen Lebensmitteln ergänzt oder ersetzt. Eine gesundheitsfördernde Ernährung hatte für sie allgemein einen hohen Stellenwert. Die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung hinsichtlich einer gesundheitsfördernden Ernährung im Dienst war deutlich geringer als im Alltag.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen hohen Veränderungsbedarf der Einsatzverpflegung der Bereitschaftspolizei im Sinne der Gesundheitsförderung und Nachhaltigkeit.
Plants’ competition under autotoxicity effect: an evolutionary game
Authors: Karagiannis-Axypolitidis Nikolaos , Panebianco Fabrizio , Bonanomi Giuliano , Giannino Francesco
Published: October 2023

We develop a $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

evolutionary matrix game to model vegetation dynamics due to the effect of autotoxicity. The phenomenon of autotoxicity refers to the rise in soil of negative conditions for plant performance induced by the plants themselves. Relating the Nash Equilibrium Strategies of the game to the stability of the equilibrium points of the induced population dynamics, we investigate under which conditions coexistence of low and highly sensitive to autotoxicity plants occurs and under which a monospecific population dominates the competition. Based on this classification, we investigate the optimal distribution of the two distinct types of plants in order to maximize the cumulative total fitness and determine if this distribution is stable. The primary outcome of this study is to analyze the necessary conditions for achieving the highest total fitness in both mixed and monospecific populations of low-sensitivity plants. In contrast, we argue that a monospecific population of highly sensitive plants can never maximize overall fitness.
Domäneninsertion: Untersuchung zur Konstruktion schaltbarer Hybridproteine
Authors: Mathony Jan , Niopek Dominik
Published: October 2023

De

Domain insertion engineering is used to combine the functionality of unrelated proteins by introducing receptor domains into effector proteins, yielding allosteric effectors. However, the identification of suitable insertion sites is still cumbersome. To dissect biophysical and statistical indicators of domain insertion tolerance in various effector proteins, we combined unbiased insertion screening with machine learning. Applying our screening pipeline to the transcription factor AraC and a light-responsive LOV domain, yielded potent opto-chemogenetically regulated derivatives.
De SaP (Symptomen en Percepties)-vragenlijst: een valide instrument voor gezondheidsonderzoek bij rampen en milieudreigingen
Authors: Baliatsas Christos , Dückers Michel L. A. , Yzermans C. Joris
Published: October 2023

Samenvatting

De SaP (Symptomen en Percepties)-vragenlijst is een betrouwbaar, valide en openbaar instrument, bedoeld voor epidemiologisch onderzoek naar lichamelijke symptomen en psychische problemen, waaronder gezondheidsklachten na rampen. De SaP-vragenlijst is gebaseerd op de classificatie van symptomen in de eerstelijnszorg en evalueert een breed scala aan symptomen uit verschillende orgaansystemen op basis van aantal, duur en waargenomen ernst. Bovendien kunnen ook de bijbehorende percepties worden meegenomen, zoals opvattingen en causale attributie, om meer inzicht te krijgen in de subjectieve impact en oorzaak van de ervaren symptomen. In dit artikel wordt de redenering achter de ontwikkeling van de SaP-vragenlijst toegelicht en een uitgebreid overzicht gegeven van de belangrijkste kenmerken. Verder wordt aangegeven waarom de SaP-vragenlijst mogelijk ook een waardevol instrument is voor het evalueren en monitoren van gezondheidsklachten.
The Power of Ethics: Uncovering Technology Risks and Positive Value Potentials in IT Innovation Planning
Authors: Bednar Kathrin , Spiekermann Sarah
Published: October 2023

The digital transformation of the economy is accelerating companies’ engagement in information technology (IT) innovation. To anticipate which technologies will become relevant over time and integrate them in their innovation plans, companies often rely on product roadmaps as strategic tools. However, ethical issues resulting from ubiquitous IT use have shown the need to accommodate hyped technical advancements in information systems (IS) design and acknowledge human values with moral relevance. Scholars have argued that this moral relevance can only come from an ethical framework. The empirical study presented here investigates whether the three ethical theories of utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and deontology can complement traditional innovation planning approaches. The mixed-method study covers three IT products – a digital toy, a food-delivery app and a telemedicine system. The results reveal that the three ethical theories boost creativity around values and enrich IT innovation planning by supporting the acknowledgment of more and higher value principles (e.g., freedom or personal growth), more diverse value classes (e.g., individual and social values) as well as more original values (e.g., human contact) in system design. What is more, participants identify and mitigate potential social and ethical issues associated with the IT product. Against this background, the findings in this paper suggest that a “value-based roadmapping” approach could be a vital stimulus for future IT innovation planning.
Integrable Bi-Hamiltonian Systems by Jacobi Structure on Real Three-Dimensional Lie Groups
Authors: Amirzadeh-Fard H. , Haghighatdoost Gh. , Rezaei-Aghdam A.
Published: October 2023

By Poissonization of Jacobi structures on real three-dimensional Lie groups $${\textbf{G}}$$
G
and using the realizations of their Lie algebras, we obtain integrable bi-Hamiltonian systems on $${\textbf{G}} \otimes {\mathbb {R}}$$

G
⊗
R

.
Emission measurements and in-situ observation of ionic liquid electrospray thrusters with longitudinally grooved emitters
Authors: Matsukawa Koki , Nakashima Yuiko , Naemura Momoko , Takao Yoshinori
Published: October 2023

An externally wetted emitter array with longitudinally grooved structures for ionic liquid electrospray thrusters was fabricated to improve ionic liquid transport to the emitter tips. Two grooved emitter shapes with different groove depths were successfully fabricated using microelectromechanical system processing techniques. We evaluated the current–voltage characteristics, measured the mass spectra using time-of-flight (ToF) spectrometry, and conducted in-situ observations using a high-speed microscope. The experimental results of ion emission show that the absolute emission current increases compared with that of our previous emitter without grooves. This tendency is strengthened with deeper grooves. Moreover, the slope of the current–voltage curve for the grooved emitters does not decrease even when high voltages are applied, indicating that the grooved structure improves the ionic liquid transport to the emitter tips. This improvement is attributed to the low hydraulic impedance of the emitter structure. However, deeper grooving also increases the percentage of current intercepted by the extractor electrode, and electrochemical reactions are not avoided at an alternation frequency of 1 Hz. Although the first current–voltage measurement tended to have unstable characteristics, the ToF results indicated that the emission in the center line was in the pure-ion regime, composed mostly of monomer and dimer ions, under all the measured conditions. High-speed microscope observations showed that too much ionic liquid deposited on the extractor causes ion emission from the extractor to the emitter, known as backspray, and implies that no large droplets are emitted for either grooved emitter structure, which is consistent with the ToF results.
Human-Curated Validation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Health Data
Authors: Boman Magnus
Published: October 2023

Validation of machine learning algorithms that take health data as input is analysed, leveraging on an example from radiology. A 2-year study of AI use in a university hospital and a connected medical university indicated what was often forgotten by human decision makers in the clinic and by medical researchers. A nine-item laundry list that does not require machine learning expertise to use resulted. The list items guide stakeholders toward complete validation processes and clinical routines for bias-aware, sound, energy-aware and efficient data-driven reasoning for health. The list can also prove useful to machine learning developers, as a list of minimal requirements for successful implementation in the clinic.
Deposition of DLC film on the inner surface of N80 pipeline by hollow cathode PECVD
Authors: Liu Zhengyu , Mou Chenglong , Yin Pingmei , Cao Xueqian , Zhang Guangan , Xue Qunji
Published: October 2023

The corrosion and wear of N80 pipeline in oil and gas field environment has always been an urgent problem to be solved in the field of oil and gas exploitation. DLC film is considered to be an effective material for prolonging the service life of pipeline due to its excellent properties. However, it is very difficult to deposit a uniform DLC film on the inner surface of long pipeline. In this paper, DLC film was deposited on the inner surface of a 1 m-long N80 pipeline with an inner diameter of 75 mm by hollow cathode plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HC-PECVD) using the pipeline itself as the deposition chamber and cathode. The uniformity of microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and tribological properties of DLC film were discussed. The results show that the DLC film deposited on the inner surface of N80 long pipeline by HC-PECVD equipment possesses excellent axial uniformity. The deposition of DLC film increases the corrosion potential and reduces the corrosion current density, which greatly improves the corrosion resistance of N80 pipeline. In addition, the deposition of DLC film also reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate, which greatly improves the wear resistance of N80 pipeline. Therefore, the deposition of DLC film is an effective protection method for the inner surface of N80 pipeline, which prolongs the service life of the pipeline. HC-PECVD equipment with pipeline as cavity uniformly deposits DLC film on the inner surface of long pipeline, which is a potential deposition method to prolong the service life of long pipeline in oil and gas exploitation.
A Review of Machine Learning and Algorithmic Methods for Protein Phosphorylation Site Prediction
Authors: Esmaili Farzaneh , Pourmirzaei Mahdi , Ramazi Shahin , Shojaeilangari Seyedehsamaneh , Yavari Elham
Published: October 2023

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have key roles in extending the functional diversity of proteins and, as a result, regulating diverse cellular processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Phosphorylation modification is a vital PTM that occurs in most proteins and plays a significant role in many biological processes. Disorders in the phosphorylation process lead to multiple diseases, including neurological disorders and cancers. The purpose of this review is to organize this body of knowledge associated with phosphorylation site (p-site) prediction to facilitate future research in this field. At first, we comprehensively review all related databases and introduce all steps regarding dataset creation, data preprocessing, and method evaluation in p-site prediction. Next, we investigate p-site prediction methods, which are divided into two computational groups: algorithmic and machine learning (ML). Additionally, it is shown that there are basically two main approaches for p-site prediction by ML: conventional and end-to-end deep learning methods, both of which are given an overview. Moreover, this review introduces the most important feature extraction techniques, which have mostly been used in p-site prediction. Finally, we create three test sets from new proteins related to the released version of the database of protein post-translational modifications (dbPTM) in 2022 based on general and human species. Evaluating online p-site prediction tools on newly added proteins introduced in the dbPTM 2022 release, distinct from those in the dbPTM 2019 release, reveals their limitations. In other words, the actual performance of these online p-site prediction tools on unseen proteins is notably lower than the results reported in their respective research papers.
Reading Greek Tragedy
Authors: Goldhill Simon
Published: October 2023

This book is an advanced critical introduction to Greek tragedy. It is written specifically for the reader who does not know Greek and who may be unfamiliar with the context of the Athenian drama festival but who nevertheless wants to appreciate the plays in all their complexity. Simon Goldhill aims to combine the best contemporary scholarly criticism in classics with a wide knowledge of modern literary studies in other fields. He discusses the masterpieces of Athenian drama in the light of contemporary critical controversies in such a way as to enable the student or scholar not only to understand and appreciate the texts of the most commonly read plays, but also to evaluate and utilize the range of approaches to the problems of ancient drama. This revised edition contains a substantial new Introduction which engages with critical and scholarly developments in Greek tragedy since the original publication.
Social Anarchism and the Rejection of Moral Tyranny
Authors: Spafford Jesse
Published: October 2023

Outside philosophy departments, most self-identified anarchists are social anarchists who reject both the legitimacy of the state and private property. By contrast, most anarchist philosophers are of the pro-market variety. As a result, a philosopher has yet to write an analytic defence of social anarchism. Jesse Spafford fills this gap by arguing that social anarchism is a coherent philosophical position that follows from a more basic, plausible principle that constrains which moral theories are acceptable. In the process of articulating and defending social anarchism Spafford stakes out a number of bold and original positions (e.g. that people own themselves and nothing else), while providing novel solutions to some of classic problems of political philosophy (e.g. luck egalitarianism's problem of stakes). His distinctive study offers an overarching, unified political theory while also advancing many of the more fine-grained debates that occupy political philosophers. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Interaction in Psychotherapy
Authors: Muntigl Peter
Published: October 2023

The therapist-client relationship in psychotherapy is considered one of the most important factors in promoting well-being and facilitating change in clients. This pioneering book provides a novel perspective on relationships by focusing on how they are accomplished through client-therapist interactions. Drawing on the key concept of affiliation from conversation analysis, it provides new insights into how therapists and clients forge affiliations in the course of therapy and how therapists successfully re-establish affiliation with their clients following disagreement or opposition - or fail to do so. It is the first book of its kind to offer a systematic overview of the range of interactional practices found in a particular psychotherapeutic approach (Emotion Focused Psychotherapy, EFT). By forming linkages between psychotherapy concepts and conversation analysis, this timely study is of importance not only to scholars of linguistics and interaction, but also to clinicians and clinical researchers.
The impact of carbapenem shortage and stewardship countermeasures on antimicrobial practice at a tertiary care center
Authors: Kouyama Yuichi , Uehara Yuki , Takamatsu Akane , Suzuki Ryota , Nishida Rie , Inuzuka Katsumasa , Muramatsu Eriko , Ohyama Koji , Doi Yohei , Yamada Shigeki , Honda Hitoshi
Published: October 2023

We evaluated the impact of carbapenem shortage on antimicrobial practice and patient outcome at a tertiary care center. During the shortage, hospital antimicrobial practice could be safely managed through additional antimicrobial stewardship measures including treatment guidance and mandatory preauthorization. Antimicrobial shortage may present a unique opportunity for promoting antimicrobial stewardship.
Quantifying the ecological consequences of climate change in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Schoeman David S. , Bolin Jessica A. , Cooley Sarah R.
Published: October 2023

Few coastal ecosystems remain untouched by direct human activities, and none are unimpacted by anthropogenic climate change. These drivers interact with and exacerbate each other in complex ways, yielding a mosaic of ecological consequences that range from adaptive responses, such as geographic range shifts and changes in phenology, to severe impacts, such as mass mortalities, ecological regime shifts and loss of biodiversity. Identifying the role of climate change in these phenomena requires corroborating evidence from multiple lines of evidence, including laboratory experiments, field observations, numerical models and palaeorecords. Yet few studies can confidently quantify the magnitude of the effect attributable solely to climate change, because climate change seldom acts alone in coastal ecosystems. Projections of future risk are further complicated by scenario uncertainty – that is, our lack of knowledge about the degree to which humanity will mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions, or will make changes to the other ways we impact coastal ecosystems. Irrespective, ocean warming would be impossible to reverse before the end of the century, and sea levels are likely to continue to rise for centuries and remain elevated for millennia. Therefore, future risks to coastal ecosystems from climate change are projected to mirror the impacts already observed, with severity escalating with cumulative emissions. Promising avenues for progress beyond such qualitative assessments include collaborative modelling initiatives, such as model intercomparison projects, and the use of a broader range of knowledge systems. But we can reduce risks to coastal ecosystems by rapidly reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, by restoring damaged habitats, by regulating non-climate stressors using climate-smart conservation actions, and by implementing inclusive coastal-zone management approaches, especially those involving nature-based solutions.
Developing a Translational Team Training Program using the Wisconsin Interventions in Team Science Framework
Authors: Sweeney Whitney A. , Kelly Patrick W. , Brasier Allan R. , Rolland Betsy
Published: October 2023

The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program supports a national network of medical research institutions working to improve the translational process. High-performing translational teams (TTs) are critical for advancing evidence-based approaches that improve human health. When focused on content-appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, targeted training results in the substantial internalization of training content, producing new skills that can be applied to improve team outputs, outcomes, and benefits. More rigorous approaches to develop, test, and evaluate interventions are needed, and we used the Wisconsin Interventions in Team Science framework as a model to systematize our efforts. We designed, built, and tested a five-session TT Training Program for translational researchers. The 90-minute sessions were pilot-tested with 47 postdoctoral fellows and evaluated through a structured evaluation plan. Ninety-five percent of post-session survey respondents indicated that the content and skills provided would make them more effective collaborators, and one hundred percent would recommend the sessions to colleagues. Respondents’ scores increased from pretest to posttest for most learning outcomes. Refinements from participant feedback are described. This work provides a foundation for the continued evolution of evidence-based training programs in the CTSA environment.
Democratic Backsliding and Universities: Between Control and Resilience
Authors: Gumrukcu Selin Bengi
Published: October 2023

A third wave of autocratization is manifest today.1 Universities are no exception to the institutions that are affected by democratic backsliding in a given country: according to the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, academic freedom has declined by 13 percent in autocratizing countries in the 2010–20 period, whereas almost no change has been recorded in other countries.2
Decolonizing Displacement Research: Betweener Autoethnography as a Method of Resistance
Authors: Alhayek Katty , Zeno Basileus
Published: October 2023

Over the past decade, there have been increasing numbers of displaced scholars from the Middle East and Africa who have come under sustained pressures and threats from their governments; only a few of them have been able to relocate to European and North American academia through scholarships and grants.1 Even these temporary solutions for displaced scholars rarely result in sustainable institutional solidarity in the form of permanent teaching or professorial positions. The lack of institutional support, coupled with discriminatory and racialized immigration policies, pushes these few fortunate scholars to either accept exploitative conditions perpetuated by the neoliberal economy or leave academia altogether to support their families. These challenges, along with draconian economic sanctions and restrictions imposed by the US Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on citizens of countries such as Syria, Sudan, Iran, and Cuba are only a snapshot of what displaced scholars endure on a daily basis while trying to do research, care for their families, and compete with scholars with privileged citizenship status for shrinking opportunities in the academic job market.
Model worms: knowledge gains and risks associated with the use of model species in parasitological research
Authors: Poulin Robert
Published: October 2023

Model parasite species, whose entire life cycle can be completed in the laboratory and maintained for multiple generations, have played a fundamental role in our understanding of host–parasite interactions. Yet, keeping parasites in laboratory conditions may expose them to unnatural evolutionary pressures, and using laboratory cultures for research is therefore not without limitations. Using 2 widely-used model helminth species, the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta and the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, I illustrate the caution needed when interpreting experimental results on model species. I first review more than 1200 experimental studies published on these species in the past 4 decades, to determine which research areas they have contributed to. This is followed by an examination of the institutional laboratory cultures that have provided the parasites used in these studies. Some of these have persisted for decades and accounted for a substantial proportion of published studies, whereas others have been short-lived. Using information provided by the curators of active cultures, I summarize data on their origins and maintenance conditions. Finally, I discuss how laboratory cultures may have been subject to the influence of evolutionary genetic processes, such as founder effects, genetic drift and inbreeding. I also address the possibility that serial passage through laboratory hosts across multiple generations has exerted artificial selection on several parasite traits, resulting in genetic and phenotypic divergence among laboratory cultures, and between these cultures and natural parasite populations. I conclude with recommendations for the continued usage of laboratory helminth cultures aimed at maximizing their important contribution to parasitological research.
Later Wittgenstein on ‘Truth’ and Realism in Mathematics
Authors: Bold Philip
Published: October 2023

I show that Wittgenstein's critique of G.H. Hardy's mathematical realism naturally extends to Paul Benacerraf's influential paper, ‘Mathematical Truth’. Wittgenstein accuses Hardy of hastily analogizing mathematical and empirical propositions, thus leading to a picture of mathematical reality that is somehow akin to empirical reality despite the many puzzles this creates. Since Benacerraf relies on that very same analogy to raise problems about mathematical ‘truth’ and the alleged ‘reality’ to which it corresponds, his major argument falls prey to the same critique. The problematic pictures of mathematical reality suggested by Hardy and Benacerraf can be avoided, according to Wittgenstein, by disrupting the analogy that gives rise to them. I show why Tarskian updates to our conception of ‘truth’ discussed by Benacerraf do not answer Wittgenstein's concerns. That is, because they merely presuppose what Wittgenstein puts into question, namely, the essential uniformity of ‘truth’ and ‘proposition’ in ordinary discourse.
The Notion of Truth in Sciences and Medicine, Why it Matters and Why We Must Defend It
Authors: Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: October 2023

Philosophers have described several approaches for scientific research, including causal inference and induction, the hypothetico-deductive method, inference of the best explanation, Bayesianism or causal network analysis. Prescriptive truth is dependent upon the values that one brings into scientific inquiry. One may oppose the writings of Bertrand Russell and Helen Longino. The former argues that values may negatively impact inquiry, while Longino argues that value-free research does not exist, and we must cope with it. However, Longino proposes a very stringent value-system which does not allow certain research to be conducted. The problem arises when prescriptive truth becomes hypertrophic, self-righteous, rigid, and unconnected to reality, which is the transformation into ideology. Ideological intrusion into science and medicine, such as with Social Justice Ideology (SJI), is indeed a problem in Western democracies. It derived from scholarship originating in the humanities (law, social sciences, branches of philosophy, etc.) and then transferred to Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM). The STEMM field was thought to be immune to SJI because of its rigorous methodology, but the hyper-specialization and absence of training in the humanities made it vulnerable to SJI. These intrusions into STEMM and the amplification in the last 2–3 years are potentially due to ‘concept creep,’ psychogenic contamination, herd behaviour and, for activists, strategical equivocation (motte-and-bailey fallacy).

By denying truth and reality, science is reduced to a pointless, if entertaining game; a meaningless, if exacting exercise; and a destinationless, if enjoyable journey. (Theocharis and Psimopoulos 1987)

Now the characteristic doctrine of modern irrationalists, as we have seen, are: emphasis on will as opposed to thought and feeling; glorification of power, belief in intuition ‘positing’ of propositions as opposed to observational and inductive testing. (Russell 1936)