bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Biomimetic Nanocarriers for Dual‐Targeted Immuno‐Gene Therapy Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Yupeng , Liu Yan , Li Rui , Zhang Cuilin , Wu Ming , Zhang Xiaolong , Zheng Aixian , Liao Naishun , Zheng Youshi , Xu Haipo , Zeng Rui , Zeng Yongyi , Liu Xiaolong
Published: July 2024

Growing evidences have proved that tumors evade recognition and attack by the immune system through immune escape mechanisms, and PDL1/Pbrm1 genes have a strong correlation with poor response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Herein, a multifunctional biomimetic nanocarrier (siRNA‐CaP@PD1‐NVs) is developed, which can not only enhance the cytotoxic activity of immune cells by blocking PD1/PDL1 axis, but also reduce tumor immune escape via Pbrm1/PDL1 gene silencing, leading to a significant improvement in tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Consequently, the nanocarrier promotes DC cell maturation, enhances the infiltration and activity of CD8+ T cells, and forms long‐term immune memory, which can effectively inhibit tumor growth or even eliminate tumors, and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Overall, this study presents a powerful strategy for co‐delivery of siRNA drugs, immune adjuvant, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and holds great promise for improving the effectiveness and safety of current immunotherapy regimens.
USP5 Promotes Ripretinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by MDH2 Deubiquition
Authors: Sun Haoyu , Cui Zhiwei , Li Chao , Gao Zhishuang , Xu Jun , Bian Yibo , Gu Tianhao , Zhang Jianan , Li Tengyun , Zhou Qianzheng , Yang Dinghua , He Zhongyuan , Li Bowen , Li Fengyuan , Xu Zekuan , Xu Hao
Published: July 2024

Ripretinib, a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of the KIT and PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases, is designated as a fourth‐line treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). It is tailored for patients resistant to imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. As its increasing use, instances of resistance to ripretinib are becoming more frequent. Unfortunately, there are currently no scientifically mature treatment options available for patients resistant to ripretinib. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as ubiquitination, in conjunction with its interplay with other modifications, play a collective role in regulating tumor initiation and progression. However, the specific association between ubiquitination and ripretinib resistance is not reported. Through proteome–ubiquitinome sequencing, increased levels of the USP5 protein and decreased ubiquitination in ripretinib‐resistant GISTs are detected. Subsequent examination of the mass spectrometry findings validated the interaction through which TRIM21 governs USP5 expression via ubiquitination, and USP5 regulates MDH2 expression through deubiquitination, consequently fostering ripretinib resistance in GIST. Moreover, ZDHHC18 can palmitoylate MDH2, preventing its ubiquitination and further increasing its protein stability. The research underscores the correlation between posttranslational modifications, specifically ubiquitination, and drug resistance, emphasizing the potential of targeting the USP5‐MDH2 axis to counteract ripretinib resistance in GIST.
Ubiquitous Order‐Disorder Transition in the Mn Antisite Sublattice of the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n Magnetic Topological Insulators
Authors: Sahoo Manaswini , Onuorah Ifeanyi John , Folkers Laura Christina , Kochetkova Ekaterina , Chulkov Evgueni V. , Otrokov Mikhail M. , Aliev Ziya S. , Amiraslanov Imamaddin R. , Wolter Anja U. B. , Büchner Bernd , Corredor Laura Teresa , Wang Chennan , Salman Zaher , Isaeva Anna , De Renzi Roberto , Allodi Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Magnetic topological insulators (TIs) herald a wealth of applications in spin‐based technologies, relying on the novel quantum phenomena provided by their topological properties. Particularly promising is the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n layered family of established intrinsic magnetic TIs that can flexibly realize various magnetic orders and topological states. High tunability of this material platform is enabled by manganese–pnictogen intermixing, whose amounts and distribution patterns are controlled by synthetic conditions. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance and muon spin spectroscopy, sensitive local probe techniques, are employed to scrutinize the impact of the intermixing on the magnetic properties of (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and MnSb2Te4. The measurements not only confirm the opposite alignment between the Mn magnetic moments on native sites and antisites in the ground state of MnSb2Te4, but for the first time directly show the same alignment in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n with n = 0, 1 and 2. Moreover, for all compounds, the static magnetic moment of the Mn antisite sublattice is found to disappear well below the intrinsic magnetic transition temperature, leaving a homogeneous magnetic structure undisturbed by the intermixing. The findings provide a microscopic understanding of the crucial role played by Mn–Bi intermixing in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and offer pathways to optimizing the magnetic gap in its surface states.
Concepts and Approaches to Reduce or Avoid Protein Corona Formation on Nanoparticles: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Barz Matthias , Parak Wolfgang J. , Zentel Rudolf
Published: July 2024

This review describes the formation of a protein corona (or its absence) on different classes of nanoparticles, its basic principles, and its consequences for nanomedicine. For this purpose, it describes general concepts to control (guide/minimize) the interaction between artificial nanoparticles and plasma proteins to reduce protein corona formation. Thereafter, methods for the qualitative or quantitative determination of protein corona formation are presented, as well as the properties of nanoparticle surfaces, which are relevant for protein corona prevention (or formation). Thereby especially the role of grafting density of hydrophilic polymers on the surface of the nanoparticle is discussed to prevent the formation of a protein corona. In this context also the potential of detergents (surfactants) for a temporary modification as well as grafting‐to and grafting‐from approaches for a permanent modification of the surface are discussed. The review concludes by highlighting several promising avenues. This includes (i) the use of nanoparticles without protein corona for active targeting, (ii) the use of synthetic nanoparticles without protein corona formation to address the immune system, (iii) the recollection of nanoparticles with a defined protein corona after in vivo application to sample the blood proteome and (iv) further concepts to reduce protein corona formation.
Sterile Diet Causes Gut Microbiome Collapse of Cancer Patients Post Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, But Normal Diet Recovers Them
Authors: Hong Wenqing , Wu Yun , Sun Zimin , Yang Shu , Cheng Qing , Liu Huilan , Lin Xiaoxing , Ni Renjie , Yao Yuping , Wang Shuijing , Zheng Zihao , Sun Anyi , Xi Chuanwu , Song Liyan
Published: July 2024

Though sterile diet, post‐transplantation surgery is a clinical strategy for patient care to prevent the infiltration of gut pathogens, less is known about its effects on the gut microbiome. Here, the gut microbiome dynamics of leukemia patients following a 120‐day “sterile‐normal” diet strategy posthematopoietic cell transplantation are examined. In contrast to the traditional idea, a sterile diet leads to the lowest gut microbiota diversity (p < 0.05) and short‐chain fatty acids, promoted the proliferation of potential pathogens such as Streptococcus (up by 16.93%) and Lactobacillus (up by 40.30%), and 43.32% reduction in nodes and an 85.33% reduction in edges within the microbial interaction's network. Interestingly, a normal diet allows the gut microbiome recovery and significantly promotes the abundance of beneficial bacteria. These results indicate that a sterile diet leads to a collapse of the patient's gut microbiome and promoted the proliferation of potential pathogens. This assay is a starting point for a more sophisticated assessment of the effects of a sterile diet. The work also suggests a basic principle for the re‐establishment of microbial equilibrium that supplementation of microbial taxa may be the key to the restoration of the degraded ecosystem.
Highly Efficient Ultraviolet Third‐Harmonic Generation in an Isolated Thin Si Meta‐Structure
Authors: Deng Yanhui , Shi Zhonghong , Zheng Yaqin , Zhang Houjiao , Li Haoyang , Li Siyang , Zhou Zhang‐Kai
Published: July 2024

Nonlinear nanophotonic devices have shown great potential for on‐chip information processing, quantum source, 3D microfabrication, greatly promoting the developments of integrated optics, quantum science, nanoscience and technologies, etc. To promote the applications of nonlinear nanodevices, improving the nonlinear efficiency, expanding the spectra region of nonlinear response and reducing device thickness are three key issues. Herein, this study focuses on the nonlinear effect of third‐harmonic generation (THG), and present a thin Si meta‐sructure to improve the THG efficiency in the ultraviolet (UV) region. The measured THG efficiency is up to 10−5 at an emission wavelength of 309 nm. Also, the THG nanosystem is only 100 nm in thickness, which is two–five times thinner than previous all‐dielectric nanosystems applied in THG studies. These findings not only present a powerful thin meta‐structure with highly efficient THG emission in UV region, but also provide a constructive avenue for further understanding the light–matter interactions at subwavelength scales, guiding the design and fabricating of advanced photonic devices in future.
Multifunctional Silicon‐Based Composite Electrolyte Additive Enhances the Stability of the Lithium Metal Anode/Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Wang Sunfa , He Yitao , Zhang Ge , Ma Kanghou , Wang Chen , Zhou Fangshuo , Wang Zhihong , Liu Zhiguo , Lü Zhe , Huang Xiqiang , Zhang Yaohui
Published: July 2024

The high energy density of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) makes them a promising battery research target. However, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) instability causes dendrite formation/growth and short circuits. Electrolyte engineering can regulate the intrinsic properties of the SEI due to the composition and properties of the SEI strongly depend on the electrolyte component. In this work, 2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetravinylcyclotetra‐siloxane (V4) is paired with vinyl‐triethoxy‐silane (VTEO) to obtain a novel ester‐based electrolyte additive. Decomposition of V4 molecules into silicon‐based polymer‐rich SEI on the Li metal anode surface has been predicted theoretically and verified experimentally. Through ─CH═CH2 addition polymerization on the preformed silicon‐based polymer layers which originates from the decomposition of V4, VTEO molecules can be integrated into SEI films due to their “molecular bridge” structure. The organic functional group (─OCH2CH3) on VTEO molecules promotes Li+ transport kinetics and forms Si─O─Li bonds under the presence of OH−, improving anode interface stability. The experimental results show that the cycle life of the LFP‐Li full batteries is over 1000 and 500 cycles at 5 C and 10 C, respectively. This research elucidates a reliable strategy for constructing SEI film with high adhesion and long‐term viability on the Li metal anode.
Construction of a Composite Sn‐DLC Artificial Protective Layer with Hierarchical Interfacial Coupling Based on Gradient Coating Technology Toward Robust Anodes for Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiuli , Peng Qiaoling , Shin Kyungsoo , Zheng Ye , Tunmee Sarayut , Zou Caineng , Zhou Xiaolong , Tang Yongbing
Published: July 2024

Developing a robust zinc (Zn) anode, free from Zn dendrites and unwanted side reactions, relies on designing a durable and efficient interfacial protection layer. In this study, gradient coating technology is employed to construct a hierarchically structured composite of Sn with diamond‐like carbon (DLC/Sn‐DLC) as an artificial protective layer. The DLC framework endows DLC/Sn‐DLC layer with high stability and adaptability, achieving long‐term stability of the anode–electrolyte interface. The gradual‐composite Sn, with its Sn─O─C interface chemical bonds, facilitates rapid charge transfer and offers ample zincophilic sites at the base, promoting uniform Zn2+ reduction reaction and deposition. Additionally, the DLC/Sn‐DLC composite exhibits a “lotus effect” and favorable hydrophobic properties, preventing water‐reduced side reactions. Leveraging this structural design and the synergistic cooperation of DLC and Sn, the DLC/Sn‐DLC@Zn electrode demonstrates remarkable Zn plating/stripping reversibility, eliminating Zn dendrites and side reactions. Notably, under a high current density of 10 mA cm−2, the DLC/Sn‐DLC@Zn anode‐based symmetrical cell exhibits stable operation for over 1550 h, with a low nucleation overpotential of 101 mV. The DLC/Sn‐DLC@Zn||Mn3O4‐CNTs full battery delivers a high capacity of 109.8 mAh cm−2 after 5800 cycles at 2 A g−1, and the pouch cell shows potential for energy storage applications.
Economics of herbicide‐free crop production
Authors: Ziehmann Eileen , Möhring Niklas , Finger Robert
Published: July 2024

Ambitious pesticide policies aiming to reduce pesticide applications and risks have been introduced across Europe. Herbicides represent a major part of pesticide use, but the uptake of mechanical or agronomic alternatives remains low. We here explore underlying reasons and provide policy insights for supporting a transformation to herbicide‐free production, accounting for both economic and agronomic drivers. We develop detailed extensions to an existing bio‐economic modeling approach and use stochastic dominance analysis to assess the performance of non‐chemical alternatives to herbicides under different production and market conditions exante. We apply our approach to Swiss wheat production and find that herbicide‐free production is not viable without financial support, and thus requires additional per‐hectare agri‐environmental payments and price markups to be economically viable. We find that currently available support payments in Switzerland are sufficient in achieving economic viability of herbicide‐free production. Moreover, we confirm the relevance of risk and risk preferences and identify a risk‐reducing character of herbicide‐free production systems with support payments. Our analysis provides insights on potential drivers, trade‐offs, decision‐making factors, and policies for a transition to non‐chemical weed control.
Super‐Resolution of Histopathological Frozen Sections via Deep Learning Preserving Tissue Structure
Authors: Yoshai Elad , Goldinger Gil , Haifler Miki , Shaked Natan T.
Published: July 2024

Histopathology plays a pivotal role in medical diagnostics. In contrast to preparing permanent sections for histopathology, a time‐consuming process, preparing frozen sections is significantly faster and can be performed during surgery, where the sample scanning time should be optimized. Super‐resolution techniques allow imaging of histopathalogical samples in lower magnification, thus sparing scanning time. Herein, a new approach is presented to super‐resolution of histopathological frozen sections, with focus on achieving better distortion measures, rather than pursuing photorealistic images that may compromise critical diagnostic information. Our deep‐learning architecture focuses on learning the error between interpolated images and real images; thereby generating high‐resolution images while preserving critical image details, which reduces the risk of diagnostic misinterpretation. This is done by leveraging the loss functions in the frequency domain and assigning higher weights to the reconstruction of complex, high‐frequency components. In comparison with existing methods, significant improvements are obtained in terms of distortion metrics, improving the pathologist's clinical decisions. This approach has a great potential to provide faster frozen‐section imaging, with less scanning, speeding up intraoperative decisions, while preserving the high‐resolution details in the imaged sample.
Liquid Metal Chameleon Tongues: Modulating Surface Tension and Phase Transition to Enable Bioinspired Soft Actuators
Authors: Lu Hongda , Zhao Mengqing , Zhang Qingtian , Yang Jiayi , Chen Zexin , Gong Liping , Zhou Xiangbo , Deng Lei , Du Haiping , Zhang Shiwu , Tang Shi‐Yang , Li Weihua
Published: July 2024

Leveraging the unique attributes of functional soft materials to generate force and deformation, significant advancements in soft actuators are driving the evolution of smart robotics. Liquid metals (LMs), known for their high deformability and tunable morphology, demonstrate remarkable actuating capabilities through controllable surface tension. Inspired by the predation method of chameleons, this work introduces a bioinspired LM actuator (BLMA) by modulating the morphology of LM. This BLMA enables high‐strain (up to 170%) actuation by precisely directing LM droplets toward an electrode. Various parameters affecting the BLMA's actuating performance are explored. Notably, the application of a reductive voltage induces rapid solidification of supercooled LM, facilitating phase transition at room temperature. The solidified LM enhances its holding force of BLMA by over 1000 times. To underscore the superior capabilities of the BLMA, diverse applications, such as a complex two‐dimensional plane actuator, a stepper motor with adjustable step intervals, a phase transition‐controlled relay, and a laser code lock actuation gate set, are presented. It is anticipated that the exceptional characteristics of the BLMA will propel advancements in the realms of soft robotics and mechatronics.
Enzyme‐Enabled Droplet Biobattery for Powering Synthetic Tissues
Authors: Liu Juan , Qing Yujia , Zhou Linna , Chen Shaomeng , Li Xuefei , Zhang Yujia , Bayley Hagan
Published: July 2024

Enzyme‐enabled biobatteries are promising green options to power the next‐generation of bioelectronics and implantable medical devices. However, existing power sources based on enzymatic biofuel chemistry exhibit limited scale‐down feasibility due to the solid and bulky battery structures. Therefore, miniature and soft alternatives are needed for integration with implants and tissues. Here, a biobattery built from nanolitre droplets, fuelled by the enzyme‐enabled oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, generates electrical outputs and powers ion fluxes in droplet networks. Optimization of the droplet biobattery components ensures a stable output current of ~13,000 pA for over 24 h, representing a more than 600‐fold increase in output over previous approaches, including light‐driven processes. The enzyme‐enabled droplet biobattery opens new avenues in bioelectronics and bioiontronics, exemplified by tasks such as the ability to drive chemical signal transmission in integrated synthetic tissues.
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes Through Hydroalkylation of Alkynyl Boronamides
Authors: Yang Langxuan , Lalic Gojko
Published: July 2024

Hydroalkylation of alkynes is a powerful method for alkene synthesis. However, regioselectivity has been difficult to achieve in transformations of internal alkynes hindering applications in the synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes. To overcome these limitations, we explored using boryl groups as versatile directing groups that can control the regioselectivity of the hydroalkylation and subsequently be replaced in a cross‐coupling reaction. The result of our exploration is a nickel‐catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkynyl boronamides that provides access to a wide range of trisubstituted alkenes with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. The reaction can be accomplished with a variety of coupling partners, including primary and secondary alkyl iodides, α‐bromo esters, α‐chloro phthalimides, and α‐chloro boronic esters. Preliminary studies of the reaction mechanism provide evidence for the hydrometalation mechanism and the formation of alkyl radical intermediates.
High‐Efficiency Solar Transformation of Sugars via a Heterogenous Gallium(III) Catalyst
Authors: Shi Yujian , Tana Tana , Yang Wenjie , Zhou Ziqi , Yong Zhu Huai , Bissember Alex C. , Huang Jun , Han Pengfei , Sarina Sarina
Published: July 2024

Extremely limited research exploring the photocatalytic potential of main group metals, such as aluminum, gallium, and tin, has been undertaken due to their weak light harvesting properties. This study reports the efficient transformation of sugars to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with high yield employing an original heterogeneous photocatalyst comprising a gallium(III) complex immobilized on an alumina support. Under visible light irradiation, the reaction rate of HMF formation is ~143 times higher than the equivalent thermal reaction performed in the absence of light. The turnover number (TON) of the heterogeneous gallium(III) photocatalyst was as high as 1500, which was ca. two orders of magnitude higher than the TON of the homogeneous gallium(III) system. It is proposed that photoirradiation significantly enhances the Lewis acidity of the catalyst by forming a semi‐coordination state between gallium(III) and N‐donor ligands, enabling the increased interaction of reactant sugar molecules with gallium(III) active sites. Consistent with this, the photoresponsive coordination of the gallium(III) complex and the abstraction of the hydroxy group by the metal under irradiation with visible light is observed by NMR spectroscopy for the first time. These findings demonstrate that efficient photocatalysts derived from the main group elements can facilitate biomass conversion using visible light.
Halogen Tailoring of Platinum Electrocatalyst with High CO Tolerance for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Hui Lan , Yan Dengxin , Zhang Xueting , Wu Han , Li Jinze , Li Yuliang
Published: July 2024

The catalytic activity of platinum for CO oxidation depends on the interaction of electron donation and back‐donation at the platinum center. Here we demonstrate that the platinum bromine nanoparticles with electron‐rich properties on bromine bonded with sp‐C in graphdiyne (PtBr NPs/Br‐GDY), which is formed by bromine ligand and constitutes an electrocatalyst with a high CO‐resistant for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The catalyst showed peak mass activity for MOR as high as 10.4 A mgPt−1, which is 20.8 times higher than the 20 % Pt/C. The catalyst also showed robust long‐term stability with slight current density decay after 100 hours at 35 mA cm−2. Structural characterization, experimental, and theoretical studies show that the electron donation from bromine makes the surface of platinum catalysts highly electron‐rich, and can strengthen the adsorption of CO as well as enhance π back‐donation of Pt to weaken the C−O bond to facilitate CO electrooxidation and enhance catalytic performance during MOR. The results highlight the importance of electron‐rich structure among active sites in Pt‐halogen catalysts and provide detailed insights into the new mechanism of CO electrooxidation to overcome CO poisoning at the Pt center on an orbital level.
A Planar‐Structured Dinuclear Cobalt(II) Complex with Indirect Synergy for Photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO Conversion
Authors: Gong Yun‐Nan , Zhao Si‐Qi , Wang Hong‐Juan , Ge Zhao‐Ming , Liao Chen , Tao Ke‐Ying , Zhong Di‐Chang , Sakai Ken , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: July 2024

Dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) has been proved an effective approach to enhance catalytic efficiency in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction, while it remains challenge to design dinuclear metal complexes that can show DMSC effect. The main reason is that the influence of the microenvironment around dinuclear metal centres on catalytic activity has not been well recognized and revealed. Herein, we report a dinuclear cobalt complex featuring a planar structure, which displays outstanding catalytic efficiency for photochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values reach as high as 14457 and 0.40 s−1 respectively, 8.6 times higher than those of the corresponding mononuclear cobalt complex. Control experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of the dinuclear cobalt complex is due to the indirect DMSC effect between two CoII ions, energetically feasible one step two‐electron transfer process by Co2I,I intermediate to afford Co2II,II(CO22−) intermediate and fast mass transfer closely related with the planar structure.
Aluminum Alkyl Induced Isomerization of Group IV meso Metallocene Complexes
Authors: Lenz Tim M. , Chiorescu Ion , Napoli Fabrizio E. , Liu Jin Y. , Rieger Bernhard
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of group IV metallocene precatalysts for the polymerization of propylene generally yields two different isomers: The racemic isomer that produces isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and the meso isomer that produces atactic polypropylene (aPP). Due to its poor physical properties, aPP has very limited applications. To avoid obtaining blends of both polymers and thus diminish the mechanical and thermal properties of iPP, the meso metallocene complexes need to be separated from the racemic ones tediously—rendering the metallocene‐based polymerization of propylene industrially far less attractive than the Ziegler/Natta process. To overcome this issue, we established an isomerization protocol to convert meso metallocene complexes into their racemic counterparts. This protocol increased the yield of iPP by 400 % while maintaining the polymer's excellent physical properties and was applicable to both hafnocene and zirconocene complexes, as well as different precatalyst activation methods. Through targeted variation of the ligand frameworks, methoxy groups at the indenyl moieties were found to be the structural motifs responsible for an isomerization to take place—this experimental evidence was confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Liquid injection field desorption ionization mass spectrometry, as well as 1H and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance studies, allowed the proposal of an isomerization mechanism.
High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics with Exceptional Conductivity by Polymer‐Dopant Matching
Authors: Gámez‐Valenzuela Sergio , Li Jianfeng , Ma Suxiang , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Feng Kui , Guo Xugang
Published: July 2024

Achieving high electrical conductivity (σ) and power factor (PF) simultaneously remains a significant challenge for n‐type organic themoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, we demonstrate the state‐of‐the‐art OTEs performance through blending a fused bithiophene imide dimer‐based polymer f‐BTI2g‐SVSCN and its selenophene‐substituted analogue f‐BSeI2g‐SVSCN with a julolidine‐functionalized benzimidazoline n‐dopant JLBI, vis‐à‐vis when blended with commercially available n‐dopants TAM and N‐DMBI. The advantages of introducing a more lipophilic julolidine group into the dopant structure of JLBI are evidenced by the enhanced OTEs performance that JLBI‐doped films show when compared to those doped with N‐DMBI or TAM. In fact, thanks to the enhanced intermolecular interactions and the lower‐lying LUMO level enabled by the increase of selenophene content in polymer backbone, JLBI‐doped films of f‐BSeI2g‐SVSCN exhibit a unprecedent σ of 206 S cm−1 and a PF of 114 μW m−1 K−2. Interestingly, σ can be further enhanced up to 326 S cm−1 by using TAM dopant as a consequence of its favorable diffusion behavior into densely packed crystalline domains. These values are the highest to date for solution‐processed molecularly n‐doped polymers, demonstrating the effectiveness of the polymer‐dopant matching approach carried out in this work.
Assembly‐Dissociation‐Reconstruction Synthesis of Covalent Organic Framework Membranes with High Continuity for Efficient CO2 Separation
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shao Tianci , Cheng Zeliang , Dong Junchao , Wang Ziyang , Jiang Haicheng , Zhao Xu , Xiaoteng Liu Terence , Zhu Guangshan , Zou Xiaoqin
Published: July 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), at the forefront of porous materials, hold tremendous potential in membrane separation; however, achieving high continuity in COF membranes remains crucial for efficient gas separation. Here, we present a unique approach termed assembly‐dissociation‐reconstruction for fabricating COF membranes tailored for CO2/N2 separation. A parent COF is designed from two‐node aldehyde and three‐node amine monomers and dissociated to high‐aspect‐ratio nanosheets. Subsequently, COF nanosheets are orderly reconstructed into a crack‐free membrane by surface reaction under water evaporation. The membrane exhibits high crystallinity, open pores and a strong affinity for CO2 adsorption over N2, resulting in CO2 permeance exceeding 1060 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity surpassing 30.6. The efficacy of this strategy offers valuable guidance for the precise fabrication of gas‐separation membranes.
Near‐IR Emissive B–N Lewis Pair‐Functionalized Anthracenes via Selective LUMO Extension in Conjugated Dimer and Polymer
Authors: Zuo Jingyao , Liu Kanglei , Harrell Jaren , Fang Lujia , Piotrowiak Piotr , Shimoyama Daisuke , Lalancette Roger A. , Jäkle Frieder
Published: July 2024

Acenes are attractive as building blocks for low gap organic materials with applications, for example, in organic light emitting diodes, solar cells, bioimaging and diagnostics. Previously, we have shown that modification of dipyridylanthracene via B–N Lewis pair fusion (BDPA) strongly redshifts the emission, while facilitating self‐sensitized reactivity toward O2 to reversibly generate the corresponding endoperoxides. Herein, we report on the further expansion of the π‐system of BDPA to a vinyl‐substituted monomer, vinylene‐bridged dimer, and a polymer with an average of 20 chromophores. The extension of π‐conjugation results in largely reduced band gaps of 1.8 eV for the dimer and 1.7 eV for the polymer, the latter giving rise to NIR emission with a maximum at 731 nm and an appreciable quantum yield of 7 %. Electrochemical and computational studies reveal efficient delocalization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) along the pyridyl‐anthracene‐pyridyl axis, which results in effective electronic communication between BDPA units, selectively lowers the LUMO, and ultimately narrows the band gap. Time‐resolved emission and transient absorption (TA) measurements offer insights into the pertinent photophysical processes. Extension of π‐conjugation also slows down the self‐sensitized formation of endoperoxides, while significantly accelerating the thermal release of singlet oxygen to regenerate the parent acenes.
High‐performance resistive/capacitive pressure sensor applied on smart insoles detecting abnormal activity
Authors: Truong Tran Thuy Nga , Kim Jooyong
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an approach to pressure sensors with dual‐function resistors and capacitors implemented with interdigitated capacitors fabricated on a flexible substrate for detecting abnormal actions during walking. In this study, we proposed a highly sensitive, broad‐range pressure sensor achieved through a combination of porous Ecoflex, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), coating single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and interdigitated electrodes. First, characterizations of the capacitor and resistor sensor applied onto cotton fabric are completed by precision LCR meter across the frequency at 50 kHz. Subsequently, the presence of volume fraction CNTs enhances the bond strength of composites, and coating SWCNT improves sensor sensitivity. The robustness of our presented sensor is validated through testing under high pressure (50 kPa) for more than 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the combination of CNTs and porous dielectric, along with SWCNT coating, achieves a broad detection range (500 kPa) with a sensitivity range from 0.018 (at 500 kPa) to 0.15 (at 5 kPa). Finally, our high‐performance resistive/capacitive pressure sensor applied on smart insoles represents a significant advancement in wearable technology for health monitoring and safety applications. Leveraging an advanced autoencoder, our proposed sensor accurately detects abnormal activity patterns, such as sudden stops or irregular gait, thereby alerting users to potential safety concerns. Its ability to detect abnormal activity patterns enhances user safety and well‐being, making it a tool for various healthcare and fitness applications.
Simultaneously enhancing the flow properties and mechanical strength of polyphenylene sulfide via in‐mold ultrasonic‐assisted injection molding
Authors: Bi Mingcheng , Liu Junfeng , Wu Qiong , Jiang Fei , Nie Pengcheng , Xu Zhongbin , Huang Xing
Published: July 2024

Injection molding is widely used for making intricate plastic products due to its precision, cost efficiency, and fast production. Industries like consumer electronics, aerospace, and medical, demand high mechanical properties from these parts. However, high‐performance polymers face challenges in flowability. Ultrasonic‐assisted injection molding offers a solution, but its impact on flowability and mechanical properties is not fully understood. We propose a novel injection mold design with in‐mold ultrasonic vibration to address this. By applying high‐frequency shear forces to the melt, it alters polymer chain alignment, enhancing flow and microstructure. Employing polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin as the primary material, this study systematically explores the impact of varying ultrasonic vibration durations and stages on melt filling behavior and product performance. Compared with conventional molds, ultrasonic‐assisted molds reduce melt viscosity by 38% and improve mechanical properties by 10.21%, with a 17.1% increase in crystallinity. This technology shows promise for improving flowability and mechanical properties in injection molding, with potential for wide industrial application.
Insights from different reproductive gene knockdowns via RNA interference in the lady beetle Eriopis connexa: Establishing a new model for molecular studies on natural enemies
Authors: Nobre Ianne Caroline da Silva , Coelho Roberta Ramos , de Souza Felipe Marinho Coutinho , Reis Manoely Abreu , Torres Jorge Braz , Antonino José Dijair
Published: July 2024

Insect pest control can be achieved by the application of RNA interference (RNAi), a key molecular tool in functional genomics. Whereas most RNAi research has focused on insect pests, few studies have been performed on natural enemies. Validating the efficacy of RNAi in natural enemies is crucial for assessing its safety and enabling molecular research on these organisms. Here, we assessed the efficacy of RNAi in the ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), focusing on genes related to reproduction, such as vitellogenin (Vg) and its receptor (VgR). In the transcriptome of E. connexa, we found one VgR (EcVgR) and two Vg genes (EcVg1 and EcVg2). These genes have been validated by in silico analyses of functional domains and evolutionary relationships. Five‐day‐old females were injected with 500 ng/µL of a specific double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) (dsEcVg1, dsEcVg2, or dsEcVgR) for RNAi tests, while nonspecific dsRNA (dsGFP or dsAgCE8.1) was used as a control. Interestingly, dsEcVg2 was able to knockdown both Vg genes, while dsEcVg1 could silence only EcVg1. Additionally, the viability of the eggs was significantly reduced when both Vg genes were knocked down at the same time (after treatment with dsEcVg2 or “dsEcVg1+dsEcVg2”). Ultimately, malformed, nonviable eggs were produced when EcVgR was silenced. Interestingly, no dsRNA treatment had an impact on the quantity of eggs laid. Therefore, the feasibility of RNAi in E. connexa has been confirmed, suggesting that this coccinellid is an excellent Neotropical model for molecular research on natural enemies and for studying RNAi nontarget effects.
Diurnal cortisol profiles in autistic adolescents and young adults: Associations with social difficulties and internalizing mental health symptoms
Authors: Ilen Laura , Delavari Farnaz , Feller Clémence , Zanoletti Olivia , Sandi Carmen , Schneider Maude
Published: July 2024

Several autism‐related characteristics, such as social difficulties, may contribute to high perceived stress and increased exposure to stressful life events in some autistic individuals. Repeated exposure to stress might lead to the dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary‐adrenocortical‐axis and be a vulnerability factor for developing mental health difficulties. Previous studies show contradictory findings on salivary cortisol in autism. In the current study, we investigated diurnal cortisol profiles in autistic adolescents and young adults, as well as their associations with social difficulties, stress exposure, and mental health symptoms. Autistic (n = 48, Mage = 17.6) and nonautistic (n = 51, Mage = 18.4) participants collected salivary cortisol at home six times a day for 2 days. Social difficulties, exposure to stressful life events/bullying, and mental health symptoms were assessed with questionnaires and clinical interviews. Similar diurnal cortisol slopes (DCS) and cortisol awakening responses were observed between the groups, but autistic participants showed higher total cortisol output (AUCG, area under the curve with respect to ground) during the day (b = 19.09, p = 0.009). In the autistic group, more severe social difficulties were associated with flatter DCS (b = 0.01, p = 0.007). Finally, cortisol alterations were associated with self‐reported mental health symptoms, especially in autistic females in analyses uncorrected for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, our results do not indicate autism‐related group‐level alterations in most diurnal cortisol measures, but autistic youth showed higher total cortisol (AUCG) compared with nonautistic peers. More detailed investigation of interindividual variability in cortisol profiles within autistic people might give us important insights into vulnerability to developing stress‐related mental health difficulties.
Somatosensory temporal sensitivity in adults on the autism spectrum: A high‐density electrophysiological mapping study using the mismatch negativity (MMN) sensory memory paradigm
Authors: Isenstein Emily L. , Freedman Edward G. , Molholm Sophie , Foxe John J.
Published: July 2024

Atypical reactivity to somatosensory inputs is common in autism spectrum disorder and carries considerable impact on downstream social communication and quality of life. While behavioral and survey work have established differences in the perception of somatosensory information, little has been done to elucidate the underlying neurophysiological processes that drive these characteristics. Here, we implemented a duration‐based somatosensory mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm to examine the role of temporal sensitivity and sensory memory in the processing of vibrotactile information in autistic (n = 30) and neurotypical (n = 30) adults. To capture the variability in responses between groups across a range of duration discrepancies, we compared the electrophysiological responses to frequent standard vibrations (100 ms) and four infrequent deviant vibrations (115, 130, 145, and 160 ms). The same stimuli were used in a follow‐up behavioral task to determine active detection of the infrequent vibrations. We found no differences between the two groups with regard to discrimination between standard and deviant vibrations, demonstrating comparable neurologic and behavioral temporal somatosensory perception. However, exploratory analyses yielded subtle differences in amplitude at the N1 and P220 time points. Together, these results indicate that the temporal mechanisms of somatosensory discrimination are conserved in adults on the autism spectrum, though more general somatosensory processing may be affected. We discuss these findings in the broader context of the MMN literature in autism, as well as the potential role of cortical maturity in somatosensory mechanisms.
Atypical and variable attention patterns reveal reduced contextual priors in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hou Wenwen , Cheng Rong , Zhao Zhong , Liao Haotian , Li Jing
Published: July 2024

Accumulating evidence suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairments in using contextual priors to predict others' actions and make intention inference. Yet less is known about whether and how children with ASD acquire contextual priors during action observation and how contextual priors relate to their action prediction and intention inference. To form proper contextual priors, individuals need to observe the social scenes in a reliable manner and focus on socially relevant information. By employing a data‐driven scan path method and areas of interest (AOI)‐based analysis, the current study investigated how contextual priors would relate to action prediction and intention understanding in 4‐to‐9‐year‐old children with ASD (N = 56) and typically developing (TD) children (N = 50) during free viewing of dynamic social scenes with different intentions. Results showed that children with ASD exhibited higher intra‐subject variability when scanning social scenes and reduced attention to socially relevant areas. Moreover, children with high‐level action prediction and intention understanding showed lower intra‐subject variability and increased attention to socially relevant areas. These findings suggest that altered fixation patterns might restrain children with ASD from acquiring proper contextual priors, which has cascading downstream effects on their action prediction and intention understanding.
Luftporenbeton mit superabsorbierenden Polymeren (SAP)
Authors: Schack Tobias , Dittmar Sebastian , Schauerte Matthias , Mazanec Oliver , Haist Michael
Published: July 2024

Die prozesssichere Einführung des angestrebten notwendigen künstlich eingeführten Luftporengehalts im Frischbeton stellt unter bestimmten baupraktischen Randbedingungen eine große Herausforderung dar. Schwankende Eigenschaften im Luftporengehalt können zu einer erhöhten Zurückweisung von Lieferungen und zu mangelnden Betoneigenschaften im Bauteil führen. Die Einflüsse auf die Luftporenbildung und ‐stabilität sind vielfältig und resultieren aus betontechnologischen, herstellungsbedingten und umgebungstechnischen Bedingungen. Die Robustheit gegenüber baupraktischen Schwankungen von superabsorbierenden Polymeren (SAP) zur Einführung eines künstlichen Luftporensystems in den Festbeton ist bisher noch recht unbekannt. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags werden aufbauend auf den vorangegangenen Teilen 1 (Frischbetoneigenschaften) und 2 (Festbetoneigenschaften) systematische Untersuchungen zur Robustheit von LP‐Betonen sowohl mit superabsorbierenden Polymeren als auch klassischem LP‐Bildner gegenüber Schwankungen der Ausgangsstoffe (Zement und feine Gesteinskörnung) und der Umgebungsbedingungen (Temperatur) beschrieben und diskutiert. Die experimentellen Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass superabsorbierende Polymere (SAP) im Beton sehr robust gegenüber solchen baupraktischen Einflüssen hinsichtlich der Einführung künstlicher Luftporen und des resultierenden Frost‐Widerstands reagieren.
Evolution of transgender rights in India: Better late than never
Authors: Bhargava Daideepya Chandra , Meshram Vikas P. , Shekhawat Raghvendra Singh , Kanchan Tanuj
Published: July 2024

The progress of transgender rights in India has seen significant strides with milestones such as the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) judgment and the enactment of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act in 2019. The NALSA judgment recognized the right of transgender individuals to self‐identify their gender. This decision led to the formal recognition of a ‘third gender’, advancing legislative and social reforms. Prior to this, transgender individuals faced substantial hurdles, including limited access to education, employment, and healthcare due to a lack of legal recognition. Within a few years, The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act established a framework that safeguards the rights of transgender individuals and prohibits discrimination based on gender. This legislation requires the government to take measures like promoting education, providing vocational training opportunities, ensuring accessible healthcare services, and offering social security support. It also addresses the healthcare needs of transgender individuals thereby contributing to their overall well being. The Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise (SMILE) program and Garima Greh are initiatives that provide spaces and empower a marginalized transgender individuals and promoting their inclusion, justice and empowerment. This article explores the progress pertaining to transgender rights and welfare, while highlighting efforts undertaken by the Indian government.
Progranulin mitigates intestinal injury in a murine model of necrotizing enterocolitis by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization
Authors: Mo Dandan , Qiu Youjun , Tian Bing , Liu Xinli , Chen Yujie , Zou Guotao , Guo Chunbao , Deng Chun
Published: July 2024

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a critical digestive disorder frequently affecting premature infants. Characterized by intestinal inflammation caused by activated M1 macrophages, modulation of macrophage polarization is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for NEC. It has been demonstrated that the growth factor‐like protein progranulin (PGRN), which plays roles in a number of physiological and pathological processes, can influence macrophage polarization and exhibit anti‐inflammatory characteristics in a number of illnesses. However, its role in NEC is yet to be investigated. Our research showed that the levels of PGRN were markedly elevated in both human and animal models of NEC. PGRN deletion in mice worsens NEC by encouraging M1 polarization of macrophages and escalating intestinal damage and inflammation. Intravenous administration of recombinant PGRN to NEC mice showed significant survival benefits and protective effects, likely due to PGRN's ability to inhibit M1 polarization and reduce the release of pro‐inflammatory factors. Our findings shed new light on PGRN's biological role in NEC and demonstrate its potential as a therapeutic target for the disease.
A case for the use of chemotherapy in hereditary mitochondrial optic neuropathies: Successful administration of cisplatin/etoposide in a male patient with testicular seminoma and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Vrisakis Jean‐Luc , Fraser Clare L. , Shahnam Adel , Nindra Udit , Grimison Peter
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

We report on the successful use of chemotherapy for treatment of stage 2B testicular seminoma in a carrier of the Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy 11778 mitochondrial mutation. Neurotoxic chemotherapy may not prompt disease conversion.