bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
المشكلات الاجتماعيّة والنَّفْسِيّة والاقتصاديّة التي واجهت الأسرة السعودية أثناء الحجر الصِّحيّ المنزليّ في زمن جائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد كوفيد-19 دراسة مطبقة على أسر مدينة الرياض
Authors: العتيبي نورة
Published: November 2023

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى تحديد المشكلات الاجتماعيّة، والنَّفْسِيّة، والاقتصاديّة التي واجهت الأسرة السعودية أثناء الحجر الصِّحيّ المنزليّ في زمن تفشِّي جائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد كوفيد 19. تم استخدام منهج المسح الاجتماعيّ بالعينة العشوائية البسيطة على الأسر بمنطقة الرياض بالمملكة العربية السعودية قوامها 750 أسرة سعودية، وتم استخدام برنامج الحزم الإحصائيّة SPSS في التحليل الإحصائيّ للاستبيان الإلكتروني الذي طُبِّق على عينة الدراسة. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها: في المشكلات الاجتماعيّة (إن غالبية العينة يعانون من عرقلة المواعيد الروتينية، والمراجعات الطبية....) بمتوسط حسابي قدره 2.78)) وفي المشكلات النَّفْسِيّة حصلت استجابة (الشعور بالضجر) على أعلى نسبة بواقع (2.36) وحصلت استجابة (الخسارة المالية) في المشكلات الاقتصاديّة على أعلى استجابة بمتوسط حسابي قدره (2.14). واتضح وجود فروق جوهرية ذات دلالة إحصائية في اتجاهات أفراد العينة من الأسر السعودية في الرياض نحو وجود مشكلات اجتماعية، ونفسية، واقتصادية تبعاً للمتغيرات الديموغرافية، والاجتماعيّة، والاقتصاديّة عند مستوى دلالة P value (0.05). وقامت الدراسة بتقديم عدد من التوصيات التي يمكن أن تُسْهِم في الحد من المشكلات الاجتماعيّة، والنَّفْسِيّة، والاقتصاديّة التي واجهت الأسر السعودية أثناء الحجر المنزليّ خلال الأوبئة والجوائح الصِّحيّة

الكلمات المفتاحية: الأسرة السعودية، فيروس كورونا، الحجر الصِّحيّ، المشكلات الاجتماعيّة، النَّفْسِيّة، الاقتصاديّة، جائحة.
واو الاستئناف عند "قُطْب الأئمّة".. دراسة نحوية
Authors: الرُّمْحِي أحمد بن محمد
Published: November 2023

الملخص

حرف الواو عند النُّحاة من حروف المعاني التي تتنوع دلالتها في السياق العربي، ومن معانيها "الاستئناف"، لكنَّ الشيخ محمد بن يوسف أَطْفَيْش الجزائريّ (1243-1332هـ) المعروف بــ "قُطْب الأئمة" يثير رأيًا في الاستئناف يُخالف ما استقرّ عليه النحو العربي في العصور المتأخرة، وكان لهذا الرأي أثرٌ بارزٌ في آثاره العلمية؛ فقد اعتنى في معالجاته اللغوية للنصوص بتوجيه الواو وغيرها من حروف الاستئناف إلى معنى نحويّ آخر يلائم دلالة سياقها، من هنا يسعى البحث بمنهج وصفي تحليلي إلى دراسة رأي "قُطْب الأئمة" في استئنافيّة الواو، وليستوفي الموضوع حقّه من الدراسة قام البحث على ثلاثة محاور: أولها: الوقوف على (الاستئناف) في علوم اللغة من حيث: مفهومه وأقسامه، وثانيها: تناول (الاستئناف) عند "قطب الأئمة" من حيث: مفهومه، وأنماط تشكُّله، وثالثها: الوقوف على استئنافيّة الواو في سياقات نَصِيَّة ورأي "قطب الأئمة" فيها، وتعود أهمية هذا البحث إلى كَوْنه يكشف عن مغايرةٍ نحويةٍ جديرة بالبحث والنظر، وتتأكَّد هذه الأهمية في الموضوع حين يَمْتَدُّ رأيُ "قُطْب الأئمة" من بُعْده النحوي إلى بُعْده الدلالي، حيث يقع توجيه النصَّ توجيهًا دلاليًّا ولا سيما في سياق النصّ القرآني الكريم.                            

كلمات مفتاحيّة: الواو؛ الاستئناف؛ العطف؛ أطفيش؛ المعنى النَّحْوِي..
سَدُّ الذَّرائع وتطبيقاته في الفقه السِّياسيّ
Authors: أمارة صايل أحمد حسن
Published: November 2023

ص 135 – ص 147

 

الملخص

     هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى مناقشة دور مبدأ سَدِّ الذَّرائع في الاستنباط الفقهيّ في باب الفقه السِّياسيّ، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف أجابت الدراسة عن الأسئلة الآتية: ما رأي العلماء في مبدأ سَدِّ الذَّرائع؟ وما دور هذا المبدأ في استنباط الأحكام في الفقه السِّياسيّ؟ وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الفقهاء اتفقوا على حجية مبدأ سَدِّ الذَّرائع في حال الإفضاء إلى المَفْسَدة على وجه القطع أو الظنِّ الراجح، واختلفوا في حال الإفضاء إلى المَفْسَدة بصورة كبيرةٍ لم تصل إلى الظن الراجح، وكذلك تبين من خلال استعراض مجموعة من النماذج الفقهية أهمية مبدأ سَدّ الذَّرائع في الاجتهاد في مجال الفقه السِّياسيّ.

الكلمات المفتاحية: ذرائع؛ فقه؛ سياسة؛ وسائل؛ مقاصد.
مكافحةُ غَسْل الأموال في فلسطين: دراسة نوعية حول فعالية الإطار القانونيّ والمؤسَّسِيّ
Authors: عبدالجواد إسلام , ريحان عبد الرحمن , العمري معتصم
Published: November 2023

ملخص

يهدف هذا البحث إلى استكشاف مدى فعالية قوانين مكافحة غَسْل الأموال ومؤسساته ومعيقات عملها في فلسطين من خلال مراجعة القوانين وإجراء مقابلات معمقة مع مجموعة متنوعة من حيث التأثر أو التأثير في أدوات الرقابة على غَسْل الأموال، وقد اخْتِيرَت المقابلات بشكل يمكننا من فهم مواقف الأطراف المختلفة وبالتالي الحصول على تعميم نظريٍّ (Theoretical generalization). وقد وجد البحث أن عمليات غَسْل الأموال في فلسطين تُستخدَم في العديد من الأنشطة، وأن المرجعية القانونيّة لمكافحة جريمة غَسْل الأموال هي القرار بقانون رقم 9 لسنة 2007، والقانون الفلسطيني رقم (20) لسنة 2015 لمكافحة غَسْل الأموال وتعديلاته، أما المؤسسة المسؤولة عن ذلك فهي وحدة المتابعة المالية في سلطة النقد، وهي وحدة مستقلة لمكافحة جرائم غَسْل الأموال وتمويل الإرهاب، من خلال متابعة البنوك ومحالّ الصرافة والأفراد الآخرين المعرضين. وقد وجد البحث أن وحدة المتابعة فعالة في تحقيق أهدافها بمحاربة غَسْل الأموال من خلال البنوك ومؤسسات الصرافة، ولكنها أقل فعالية في مراقبة الأنواع الأُخَر من غَسْل الأموال. ممَّا يعيق اكتشاف عمليات غَسْل الاموال في فلسطين عدمُ سيطرة السلطة الفلسطينية على الحدود بسبب تدخل الاحتلال، أيضا للاحتلال دورٌ في دعم بعض أنواع عمليات غَسْل الأموال في فلسطين؛ لأنها تحقق هدفه في تدمير المجتمع الفلسطيني، يضاف إلى ذلك تقسيم الاحتلال للأراضي الفلسطينية إلى مناطق يمنع على السلطة الفلسطينية السيطرة عليها، وهذه الأماكن تصبح بؤرة لعمليات الفساد وغَسْل الأموال لعدم وجود قانون يحكمها.

كلمات مفتاحية: غَسْل الأموال؛ مكافحة غَسْل الأموال؛ معيقات مكافحة غَسْل الأموال؛ دراسة كيفية؛ فلسطين.
الأدبُ الجغرافيّ العربيّ مفهومه وأنماطه وخصائصه عند المستشرق الروسي إغناطيوس كراتشكوفسكي
Authors: تروش حسين
Published: November 2023

مازال الأدب العربيّ القديم يكشف عن كنوز فنيّة بديعة، تبرز غنى التراث العربيّ وحيويته، وتشعّب اتّجاهاته، ومن أهم اكتشافات النصف الأوَّل من القرن العشرين، الأدب الجغرافيّ العربيّ، وهو باب مهمل في الدراسات العربيّة الحديثة للتراث، ويعود الفضل في لفت الانتباه إليه إلى طائفة من المستشرقين الشرقيين والغربيين، في مقدمتهم المستشرق الروسي إغناطيوس كراتشكوفسكي، والمستعرب الفرنسي أندريه ميكيل. وهذا البحث يتغيّا الكشف عن ماهية هذا الجنس الأدبيّ، ويهدف إلى عرض أهمّ أنماطه عبر مراحل تطوّره الطويلة والمتشعّبة، مع التركيز على أهم خصائصه الفنيّة التي جعلت منه شكلا من أشكال الكتابة الأدبيّة لا الكتابة العلميّة، وذلك من خلال كتاب (تاريخ الأدب الجغرافيّ العربيّ لكراتشكوفسكي)، فقد اجتهد هذا المستشرق في جمع مادة زخمة من عدد كبير من المصنّفات العربيّة، وقام بتصنيفها تاريخيًّا؛ لتتجاوز المرحلة المدروسة تسعة قرون كاملة، من القرن الثالث إلى الحادي عشر الهجريين، وهو ما جعل من كتابه مرجعا متميّزا للأدب الجغرافيّ العربيّ. وقد أسهم كراتشكوفسكي في توسيع آفاق الدرس الأدبيّ والنقديّ من خلال توجيه الباحثين المعاصرين إلى حقل الأدب الجغرافيّ العربيّ القديم، فقد كشف عن غنى هذا التراث بالمادة العلمية التي تنتظر إماطة اللثام عن خباياها العلمية والأدبيّة المتميّزة.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الاستشراق؛ كراتشكوفسكي؛ الأدب الجغرافيّ؛ الأنماط؛ الخصائص.
دور مؤسسات رعاية الأيتام في تحقيق المساندة الاجتماعيّة للأمهات الأرامل
Authors: محمد الرنتيسي أحمد
Published: November 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد دور مؤسسات رعاية الأيتام في تحقيق المساندة الاجتماعيّة للأمهات الأرامل، تم تطبيق الدراسة على (196) من الأمهات الأرامل المستفيدات من خدمات الرعاية الاجتماعيّة التي تقدمها جمعية الوئام الخيرية بمحافظة شمال غزة، وقد توصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن أكثر أنواع المساندة التي تقدمها جمعية الوئام الخيرية للأمهات الأرامل هي المساندة الوجدانية، يليها المساندة المعرفية، يليها المساندة الاجتماعيّة وأخيراً المساندة الأدائية، كما لم تجد الدراسة فروقًا ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α ≤ 0.05) في استجابات عينة الدراسة لبرامج المساندة الاجتماعيّة التي تقدمها جمعية الوئام الخيرية تعزى إلى متغير  السن، ومتغير مدة التَّرمُّل، ومتغير المستوى التعليمي.

الكلمات المفتاحية: دور؛ مؤسسات؛ رعاية الأيتام؛ المساندة الاجتماعيّة؛ الأمهات الأرمل.
الصُّورة الذِّهنية للذَّات الوطنية المُضمَّنة في كتب الدِّراسات الاجتماعيّة (3-12) بسلطنة عُمان في ضوء نظرية التَّفاعُلية الرَّمزية
Authors: بنت حمد الهنائية ميمونة , بن ناصر المعمري سيف , بن محمد إبراهيم محمود
Published: November 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة التَّعرف على الصور الذِّهنية للذَّات الوطنية، وذلك من خلال تحليل كتب الدِّراسات الاجتماعيّة (3-12) بسلطنة عُمان في ضوء نظرية التَّفاعُلية الرَّمزية، والتَّعرف على مدى التوازن في عرْض صورة الذَّات الوطنية في هذه الكتب، كما هدفت إلى اكتشاف أبعاد التَّفاعُل الاجتماعيّ الواردة فيها، ومدى التوازن في عرضْها. وحتى يتم التوصل إلى هذه الأهداف اتبع الباحثون منهج تحليل المحتوى، باعتبار أن فئة التَّحليل الرئيسة هي أبعاد التَّفاعُل الاجتماعيّ والنقاط الفرعية المندرجة تحتها (اجتماعيّ-سياسيّ-اقتصاديّ-ثقافيّ-علميّ تكنولوجيّ-دينيّ-بيئيّ)، ووحدة التحليل المستخدمة (الفكرة الصريحة والصُّورة)، وأظهرت النتائج أن البُعد الأكثر تكرارًا في صورة الذَّات الوطنية هو البُعد الاقتصاديّ، والمحافظات الأعلى تكرارًا هي محافظتي مسقط وظفار، وعلى إثر هذه النتائج خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات.

الكلمات المفتاحية: التَّفاعُل الاجتماعيّ؛ نظرية التَّفاعُلية الرَّمزية؛ الصُّورة الذِّهنية؛ صورة الذَّات الوطنية؛ كتب الدِّراسات الاجتماعيّة بسلطنة عُمان.
مُدَوِّنات الموضة (الفاشينستا) والتغير الثقافيّ لمنظومة القيم لدى فتيات دول مجلس التعاون في ضوء ثقافة العولمة: دراسة ميدانية في الأنثروبولوجيا الثقافيّة
Authors: فاضل حيدر سيد
Published: November 2023

تهدف الدراسة إلى تعرف مفهوم مُدَوِّنات الموضة وعلاقتهن بثقافة الاستهلاك في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، وإلى معرفة العلاقة بين ممارسات مُدَوِّنات الموضة ومنظومة القيم الثقافيّة والاجتماعيّة والاقتصادية والأخلاقية في ضوء ثقافة العولمة وتأثيرها في تغيير منظومة القيم لدى الفتيات المتابعات من دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي. المنهجية: بلغ عدد أفراد العينة البحثية (611) مستجيبة من فتيات دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي. وقد استخدمت الاستبانة أداة رئيسة للدراسة. وشملت الاستبانة 40 عبارة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد، وقد تم التحقق من صدق أداة الدراسة وثباتها. كما أُدخِلَت البيانات وحُلِّلت بواسطة البرنامج الإحصائيّ SPSS، (نسخة ٢٢). وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على الإحصاء الوصفي، واختبار (ت)، ومعامل الارتباط بيرسون. أمَّا عن النتائج، فقد أظهرت وجود علاقة تأثير ذات دلالة إحصائية في ميل الفتيات نحو ثقافة المُدَوِّنات، في التفاعل الاجتماعيّ والظهور في المناسبات الوطنية والخاصة، بالإضافة إلى ثقافة الملبس والمأكل، والتفاخر باقتناء الماركات العالمية من الملابس والإكسسوارات التي تظهر بها في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعيّ. الخلاصة: لقد خلص البحث إلى الازدواجية بين مفهوم مُدَوِّنات الموضة وبين عملهنُّ في مجال التسويق لمختلف الأنشطة التجارية التي تحقق لهن الثراء، كما تُعتبر المُدَوِّنات أكثر من أسهمن في نشر ثقافة عمليات التجميل التي انتشرت مؤخرا.

الكلمات المفتاحية: مُدَوِّنات الموضة- الفاشينستا- التغير الثقافيّ- القيم- العولمة.
مستوى الاحتراق النَّفسيّ لدى الإعلاميّين في تليفزيون سلطنة عُمان: دراسة ميدانية خلال عام 2022م
Authors: نصر حسني , محمد عبدالرءوف إسلام , الهطالية وعد
Published: November 2023

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرُّف على مستوى الاحتراق النَّفسيّ لدى الإعلاميّين في تليفزيون سلطنة عُمان، والكشف عن مسبباته لديهم، والعوامل المؤثرة فيه، وذلك خلال العام 2022. وتندرج هذه الدراسة ضمن إطار الدراسات الكشفية الوصفية؛ واعتمدتْ على صحيفة الاستقصاء أداةً رئيسةً في الإجابة عن تساؤلات الدراسة. وتمثَّل مجتمع الدراسة في الإعلاميّين العاملين في تليفزيون سلطنة عُمان، حيث لجأ الباحثون إلى استخدام عينة غير احتمالية (متعاونة) من الإعلاميّين العاملين في التليفزيون، ضمَّت كل الإعلاميّين الذين استجابوا للدعوة والمشاركة في الاستقصاء، وبلغت عينة الدراسة مائة وخمسين (150) إعلاميًّا من العاملين في تليفزيون سلطنة عُمان. وخَلصت الدراسة إلى أن نسبة الاحتراق النَّفسيّ بين الإعلاميّين العاملين في تليفزيون سلطنة عُمان كانت متوسطة نسبيًّا، وترتفع هذه النسبة بين الإناث أكثر عن الذكور. وتوصَّلتْ أيضا إلى أن هناك نسبة احتراق متوسطة مرتبطة ببُعد الإجهاد الانفعاليّ، وتبلَّد المشاعر، مقارنة ببُعد الإنجاز الشَّخصيّ، وكانت الإناث الأكثر احتراقًا نفسيًّا مقارنة بالذكور. وفي المقابل؛ كشفتْ أن أغلب العاملين في تليفزيون سلطنة عُمان راضون عن أدائهم وعن إنجازاتهم في مجال العمل بشكل كبير. وخلصت الدراسة أيضًا إلى وجود فروق إحصائية دالة في العلاقة بين مستوى الاحتراق النَّفسيّ وبعض المتغيرات الديموجرافية لعينة الدراسة، وبين بعض المتغيرات الخاصة ببيئة العمل (المؤسسة الإعلاميّة)، وأيضًا وجود ضغوط في العمل لدى بعض الفئات العمرية أكثر من غيرها.

الكلمات المفتاحية: تليفزيون سلطنة عُمان- الإعلاميّون- الاحتراق النَّفسيّ- الرضا الوظيفي- التليفزيون
The Multi-dimensional Problem of Quantifying Cartographic Generalization Uncertainty: Linear Features as an Example.
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Ali M.
Published: November 2023

This paper highlights cartographic considerations relevant during the process of quantification of generalization uncertainties, defined here as Generalization Factor (GF). The paper adds to current research on map or spatial database errors and uncertainties, but focuses on the complex nature of the quantification process of generalization uncertainties. Three main cartographic aspects or contexts are discussed in this paper: namely, feature complexity, map sources, and map purposes. The paper discusses the difficulties in producing a universal index as GF that accounts satisfactorily for generalization uncertainty. As a result, there is a need for a thorough study to account for all types of generalization uncertainty for each feature according to the cartographic consideration discussed in this study, although such contexts are not exhaustive. The study suggests that the uncertainty measures should result in a form of value that can be attached to each feature in the database, especially for those detailed databases that are designed for analysis purposes. The study suggests that it might well be possible to quantify generalization uncertainty more easily once the process of generalization is performed automatically or even semi-automatically, especially with the advent of new generalization tools.
A Book Review of Salah Stétié. Fils de la parole: Un poète d’Islam en Occident. Interview with GwendolineJarczyk. Paris. (Albin Michel). 2004. 263 pages. C19.50. ISBN 2-226-15192-3
Authors: En-nehas Jamal
Published: November 2023

alah Stétié’s Fils de la parole: Un poète d’Islam en Occident (Son of the Word: A Poet of Islam in the West) is a transcription of Gwendoline Jarczyk’s interview with the author on several topics ranging from the professional and aca- demic to the personal. Stétié uses his position as a self-exiled Arab writer in the West and draws on his lifelong experience in journalism, teaching, and diplomacy to comment on the relationship between the East and the West and on his role as cultural mediator.
Remote Sensing and Its Uses in Archeology
Authors: Mohamed Ali Abbas Sayed Ahmed , Al Hassan Ahmed Abu Al Qasim
Published: November 2023

Aerial photography, remote sensing technique has been used as a tool for acquisition of archaeological information for several decades. At the turn of the twentieth century, archaeologists realized that valuable archaeological data could be extracted from aerial photos, thus it has been developed into a systematic discipline known as aerial archaeology. Though aerial photography has a long history of use, Satellite remote sensing is a recent discipline applied in detection, mapping and analysis of archaeological matter, providing that the spatial resolution of the sensor is adequate to detect the features. Both aerial photography and satellite imagery have advantages and limitations with regard to archaeological applications. In the last few years, combination of the two was found to be ideal for archaeological remote sensing applications. Remote sensing has increased in importance to archaeology, as being an important close integrator with Geographic Information Systems. Remote sensing and its kindred tool of GIS have become central elements of modern spatial information and analysis system in archaeology.
Art Criticism, the Reality and Difficulties Sultanate of Oman as a Model
Authors: Al yahyai Fakhriya Khalafan
Published: November 2023

This research aims to address the context of Art Criticism in the Sultanate of Oman by investigating and analyzing written criticism. The significance of the current research is that it summarizes the reasons behind the absence of a critical movement in the area of Fine Arts in Oman. This research tries to gather and review the writings in art criticism in order to propose improvement and project a future vision of the field. This research uses historical methods to trace the writings on art criticism, and descriptive analytical methods to describe and analyze the forms and contents of the critical writings that guided the fine art movement in Oman. This research proposes some recommendations such as the importance of promoting the culture of art criticism in Oman. Particularly, the study suggests that a group be formed to promote and disseminate the culture of the Visual Arts. It is also recommended that general and impressionistic writings on fine arts be avoided and replaced by more systematic and academically rigorous writings. The study recommended that both the researcher and the critic should be given more attention and that the media should play a role in promoting fine arts criticism by broadcasting specialized programs in this area. These programs should be presented by expert art critics. The study also recommends that fine art criticism be emphasized in fine art classes in schools in order to create a generation that is capable of appreciating and critiquing art.
Concept of self-esteem among orphan students in Jerusalem’s suburb schools
Authors: Rymaouy Omar
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to examine self-esteem among orphan students in Jerusalem’s suburbian schools and identify the correlations between this situation and some variables such as gender, age, and academic achievement (in terms of grades). The study’s population consisted of a sample of (73) orphans, using a questionnaire of (37) items covering various aspects of the study. The results of the study showed no differences in the concept of self-esteem among orphan students attributed to the gender variable, except for the orphans’ perception of the future, and in favor of males. The results also showed absence of differences due to the variable of age, and the variable of (i.e. father, mother or both). The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences missed parent in the orphan students’ concept of self-esteem attributed to the variable of academic achievement (in terms of grades), favoring the highest average, 85-100.
Online Website-based Communication Strategies Used by Public Relations Departments in Government Institutions in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Zadjali Muna Sulaiman Abdullah
Published: November 2023

This study aims at identifying the online website-based communication strategies used by Public Relations Departments in government institutions that are subject to the civil service law and its executive regulations in the Sultanate of Oman. This study is descriptive and the researcher used Content Analysis to describe and analyze the contents of all the websites of the governmental institutions, and the communication patterns and technical tools used. The research design also aims to identify the communication strategies on which these contents focused. The most important findings of this study show that there is an increasing number of government institutions using websites as part of their public relations communication policy. Most of the content of these websites had regulatory and legal information, defining and analytic information, service and interaction information, and general information. However, there is an apparent lack of strategic information in these websites. The pattern of news coverage is a common communication pattern in all the websites, compared to other communication patterns. The study concludes that all websites use Roller’s communication strategies, but they focus on one-way communication from the institution to the public, represented by strategies such as, information, persuasion and interpretation.
An Investigation into Assessment Preferences of Gulf Arab Students
Authors: Al-Hamly Mashael , Coombe Christine
Published: November 2023

The purposes of this study are to gain insight into Gulf Arab EFL students’ preferences when being assessed in their university-level English courses and to investigate if gender and degree of test anxiety have an impact on these preferences. Data were obtained from responses on an adapted form of Birenbaum’s (1994) Assessment Preferences Inventory. Results show that the students participating in this study favor assessments with multiplechoice (MCQ) questions as they are viewed as being easier to prepare for, easier to take, and thus will bring in relatively higher scores. Results also indicate that students are very much in favor of choosing how they will be assessed and data report a strong preference for multiple measures, and low stakes assessment. Implications for the classroom are also discussed.
The position of the civil Jordanian code towards the doctrine of performance and subrogation: An analytical and evaluative Study
Authors: Mahasneh Nisreen
Published: November 2023

No general Doctrine of Substitution (Holol) within Civil Code has been provided for by Jordanian Legislature, rather only some particular applications for such a doctrine were provided for explicitly sometimes, such as in Article 309 concerning the settlement of other’s debt, Article 926 concerning insurance or Articles 1355 and 1363 concerning the recourse by the holder of a mortgaged property against the debtor, or implicitly on other occasions, as with Article 980 concerning the recourse of the guarantor against the debtor. Further, Contractual Substitution is unknown under Jordanian Civil Law. The said approach by Jordanian Legislature is against the relevant approaches of most Arab Legislatures, particularly the Egyptian, whereby both forms of Substitution, Legal and Contractual, are known and dealt with in detail under the Egyptian Civil Law. Despite this fact, most of Jordanian jurists still insist to expand the applications of Substitution under Jordanian Civil Law to include such applications provided for under the General Substitution Doctrine within the Civil Law of Egypt, without any legal proxy to support their argument. This study has revealed that Substitution does not take place in the case of the recourse of the Joint Debtor against other Debtors, neither in the case of undividable debt, being unknown concept under Jordanian law, nor in the case of the settlement of debt by a second creditor to a first creditor in mortgage. Substitution of the creditor by the payee of a debt cannot be here presumed, as Substitution is deemed the exception from the general notion in the law that recourse by creditor is based on a personal lawsuit, and so there is no “Substitution without a Provision”. When Subrogation is compared with Contractual Substation under Jordanian Civil Law, it has appeared that both are different systems, albeit some similarity among them exists. Substitution is a consequence of Subrogation (Hewaleh), but not a replacement thereof.
Contemporary trends in art education
Authors: Al-Amri Mohammed
Published: November 2023

This research aims to present the most important contemporary trends in Art Education focusing on the analysis of the relationship between these trends and their related concepts. It also aims to revive some traditions of art education that are based on a scientific approach, with the aim of improving current practices to achieve quality in both art teaching and art production. The aim is also to offer recommendations for developing the teaching of art in accordance with the most recent approaches in the field. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach to review and analyze these trends. The study shows that there are a number of trends which can be adopted to improve the quality of the input, the process and the output of teaching of art. These include quality assurance standards in art education, cultural diversity in art education, making use of professional artists in schools, creating partnerships with art museums and teacher education colleges and other educational institutions, using new technologies in teaching art, and assessing students’ performance using the “art portfolio” method. Most of these techniques and approaches have proved successful in developed countries. Thus, the researcher recommends that these trends be encouraged in order to improve the curriculum and instruction of Art Education in the Arab countries.
The Legal Regulation of Compensation for Consequential Damage in the Jordanian Civil Legislation
Authors: Al Sarairah Ibraheim Saleh
Published: November 2023

In legal language, damage is money paid to a plaintiff for injuries or losses suffered. It is possible that the impact of damage could extend to others who are associated or linked to the injured party and this is called ‘consequential damage’. In this specific case, the damage must be proven to be a direct and immediate consequence of the relevant fault. In fact, consequential damage is a direct harm to the other injured party. There are certain conditions that must be observed for the injured party to be compensated. These are: the injury must be directed to the original injured party, there must be a relation between the original injured party and the consequentially damaged party, and the availability of causation between the damage and the consequential damage. As to the scope of consequential damage, the paper identifies consequentially damaged parties as kinsmen and individuals who have a common financial interest. The paper explains how to file a direct claim for compensation and explains how to estimate compensation for consequential damage and the principles governing this issue. The paper also discusses problems related to consequential damage and suggests solutions to these problems.
The Role of Social Communication Networks in Constructing Public Opinion among Students at Saudi Arabian Universities (Umm AlQura University as a model)
Authors: Almadani Osamah Ghazi
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to investigate the role of social communication networks in constructing public opinion among students at Saudi Arabian Universities. This study is descriptive in nature and used the survey method. The sample of the study consisted of N 200 students from Umm Alqura university from the practical and theoretical colleges (College of social sciences- Colleges of medical sciences- Colleges of applied sciences). The tools of the study included a questionnaire – public opinion construction scale for the students at Saudi Arabian universities. The results of the study indicated that a high level percentage in constructing public opinion came from the students who used the social communication websites which was 41.86%, where the intermediate level was 55.23%, while the low level was 2.91%.The results showed also that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the study sample in the scale of the role of social communication networks in constructing public opinion among the students according to the different levels in using different social communication networks. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the study sample in the scale of the role of social communication networks in using social communication through the internet according to the different level of experience in using the internet among the participants.
Obstacles Faced by Social Workers in Trying to Benefit from Other Sciences Related to Social Service during their Professional Practice in Schools
Authors: Sofy Osman Abdel Rahman , Elsherbiny Mohamed Mohamed , Al-Saqri Mohammed Nasser
Published: November 2023

Although social workers may have studied some important interdisciplinary sciences, they do not know how to use or apply them. This led the research team to conduct the study on some social workers in schools in El-Seeb, Muscat, to identify the difficulties they face while trying to benefit from interdisciplinary knowledge. The study is considered a descriptive; data was collected through an electronic questionnaire. The results showed that social workers encounter a number of difficulties related to the professional preparation of social workers, school administrations, available school facilities, and finally social workers themselves. The study also found that there is need to train social work students to conduct interdisciplinary research on social work and related sciences.
Social and Cultural Dimensions of Genetic Blood Diseases An Anthropological study in the Omani Society
Authors: Al Niblaoi Aida Fouad , Al Hashemi Sultan Mohammed
Published: November 2023

This study attempts to monitor the most important impacts of social and cultural variables on the health situation in the Omani society in general, and the incidence of hereditary blood disease in particular. The study aims to identify the social and cultural dimensions of health and disease in terms of concept and theoretical perspectives; the most important health indicators; the magnitude and spread of hereditary blood diseases in the Sultanate of Oman; and the disclosure of some of the social and cultural factors, and the difficulties facing the health pattern. The study relied on some Theoretical frameworks that provided scientific explanations about addressing the social and cultural dimensions of health and disease. Methodologically, the study was based on both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study concluded that there are many social and cultural dimensions that shaped some of the factors that caused the incidence of hereditary blood disease in the Omani society. The study concluded that there are many reasons behind genetic blood diseases such as: endogamy and dietary habits, and some popular perceptions about health and disease. It could be argued that there is a gap between the foundations of knowledge in the health system, and the health situation indicators of social and cultural implications.
The Logic Behind the Classification of Sciences in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems: with the Modern Western Classification Systems An Analytical Comparative Reading
Authors: Salem Nahed Mohamad Basyoni
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to explore the rules and principles adopted in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems and tried to identify their scientific methods to determine the relations between sciences. The study followed the comparative analytical method to analyze and compare the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems with the Western modern ones represented in the Dewey Decimal Classification System and the Library of Congress Classification System. The research tries to explore the logic behind classification of sciences in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems. The findings revealed that the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems follow the same rules and principles of modern classification systems and their types are represented in the types of modern Western classification systems. The study recommends the need to conduct research on the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems and introduce it.
Psychological Assessment and Guidance of Thoughts, Emotions, and Behavior Among Male and Female of Adolescents by Using the Computer
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed Mohamed Saleh
Published: November 2023

Motivated by the outstanding application of computers across a range of scientific disciplines, including psychology, the researcher designed a psychological scale by use of computer. This scale attempted to help adolescents identify points of strength in their thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Besides, this scale was intended to provide of psychological guidance when yielded weak features of thoughts, emotions, and behavior. The manual scale was designed based on previous literature, tests and scales relevant to thoughts, emotions, and behavior, and items and dimensions of each test were defined. An exploratory study was then conducted to test the variables and ensure the reliability and validity of items. A sample contained of 950 school and university adolescents who ranged in age from 15 to 21 years. The designed scale comprises four groups of six main sub-tests each with a total number of 24 sub-tests. Logging into the application, the participant based on his/her age and gender is requested to respond to six tests by selecting the item that she/he believes to provide a correct description of him/ according to the Likert frequency scale. Upon test completion, the participant is provided with a grand total mark of the six tests with an overall interpretation of what it means as well as sub-totals for each dimension. In cases where there is a decrease of marks on any items of the test, the participant is offered both audio and written guidelines of how to improve. This computer-aided psychological scale was designed to identify 25 dimensions relevant to thoughts, emotions and behaviors among adolescents and test them.
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) A Comparative study of Arabic and International Research Literature with a Special Focus on The Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Zahra Iman
Published: November 2023

Due to the interdisciplinary complicated nature of the concept Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) that has only emerged in the communication field three decades ago and has ever since witnessed dramatic developments in itself and the related fields, the current research paper aims at: shedding more light onto the nature of IMC and the sciences that the concept emerged from; undergoing meta-analysis on a total of 122 Arabic and foreign research papers to track IMC research trends worldwide and discussing the notable gap between IMC research in the Sultanate of Oman and its practice. Findings indicated that IMC is an interdisciplinary relatively new concept combining communication and marketing, then evolved further to include branding as an independent discipline. A quantitative and qualitative gap between Arabic and international research literature concerning IMC was noted, due to the limitations and difficulties of conducting such research in the Arab World. IMC research in the Sultanate falls short, although serious attempts were made in the marketing and branding research fields. Practical wise, most companies working in Oman are practicing the concept without putting it into proper evaluation.
Agriculture in Gaza Villages Prior to the 1948 Palestinian Exodus: A Study of Oral History
Authors: Jabareen Abdul Ghader , Ahmad Abu Diyeh Adnan
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with the subject of agriculture in Gaza villages before the exodus of 1948 caused by Israeli occupying forces. The research has revealed the conditions which were experienced by the inhabitants of these villages in all facets, including the influence of the climate and topography of these villages on agriculture, farming methods and techniques which were used by the Palestinian farmers, as well as the topographical and political problems faced by these farmers. The study has also revealed – through more than 50 oral interviews with farmers who were forced to immigrate to Gaza Strip _ a great deal of Palestinian folk heritage , including songs and proverbs, which were part of their literary life in their happy and rural agricultural community.
Arabic Language Sciences, Literature and Arts in Al- Maghreb and Al-Andalus through Ibn Khaldun’s “Muqaddema”
Authors: Qobbaj Amer A.
Published: November 2023

This study aims to identify and portray the main historical and civilizational features of the linguistic situation in Al-Maghreb and Al-Andalus, based on the Muqaddema of Ibn Khaldun (d. 808 A.H\1406 A.D), who was a witness to many of the scientific aspects of civilization in both countries, especially the Arabic language sciences, literature and arts, a large bulk of which, was transferred from the Islamic East and reached Al-Andalus and Al- Maghreb. Ibn Khaldun had divided sciences into two groups: sciences based on textual evidence and sciences based on cognitive reasoning. He considered the Arabic Language sciences within the textual sciences, linking their emergence and wide spread to two reasons: “Umran” (urbanism, culture and civilization), and continuity in the transmission of knowledge from one generation to another in major cities, especially before the destruction of Kairouan by Hilali tribes during the fifth century A.H./eleventh century AD, and before the fall of Cordoba by Spaniards during the seventh A.H century/thirteenth A.D century. Despite the fact that Ibn Khaldoun was pessimistic about the condition of learning and knowledge in his era, particularly the deteriorating condition of the Arabic language caused by the mixing of Arabs with non-Arabs, he mentioned in Muqaddimah many scholars who maintained and protected the Arabic language and spread it in Al-Maghreb and Al-Andalus through their published books in various areas of Arabic syntax, linguistics, semantics, and poetry. These books constituted and shaped the cultural, educational and Islamic identity. Much research has been done in the area of Arabic linguistics, mainly in Al-Maghreb and Al-Andalus, yet most of it did not analyze the contents of the Muqaddema which relate to Arabic language in these two areas. This study investigates the linguistic references in the Muqaddema about the Arabic language and shed some light on the features of the historical relationships between these two regions of the Western Islamic world, as well as the mutual interaction that accompanied the linguistic development there.
A Guide for the Use of Group Programs in Confronting the Causes of the Spread of Violent Behavior in Schools
Authors: Osman Abd El Rahman Sofy , Foda Mohamed Mohamed
Published: November 2023

The main aim of the study was to design a guide for the use of group programs in confronting the causes of the spread of violent behavior among schoolchildren. This descriptive study used the sample survey methodology through a questionnaire applied to a sample of (50) social workers in elementary school in Cairo Governorate. The study results revealed that the widespread patterns of violence among the groups of pupils were: Verbal abuse, beating, and violence against teachers. The results also revealed the reasons for the spread of violent behavior may be the pupils themselves, the teachers, families, or the school. The results proved the importance of investing in activities and group programs to confront violent behavior and to increase awareness among social workers as to the importance of these programs in the alleviation of violent behavior and the confrontation of its causes. Finally, the study suggested a guide for the use of collective programs in confronting the causes of the spread of violent behavior among schoolchildren. The guide contained: Target, considerations that must be respected when in implementation, assumptions, theories and models used, the social group work strategies to deal with violent behavior in schools, group activities that should be used, social worker roles, and finally mechanisms for confronting the causes of violent behavior among school children.
Female Life Expectancy Rates and Factors Affecting them: An Analytical-Quantitative Study
Authors: Zarrouk Mohamed
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the question of identity, in terms of self and historical construction in a sample of Omani women’s novel, by looking specifically at the ways the narratives focused on the local and the borrowed, the free and slave, the tribal and non- tribal and articulated their vision of their individual selves, their actions and established relationships resulting from of their historical circumstances. The research focuses on the narrative viewpoint, on the way the speaking subject self-seeing and its focalization, on the narrator view of the other, be it different or similar. The resources from which the research started are structured on feminine identities that have a standpoint from their historical evolution and from the formation of their identities. It also has an attitude. about the other whether it is different in terms of gender, race or descent.
Visions of Sultan Qaboos University Students Regarding the Work System:A Field Study on a Sample of Students who Expected to Graduate in 2013
Authors: AL-Zarei Asila
Published: November 2023

The aim of current study is to identify what visions those students are expecting to graduate and soon enter the labor market have regarding work systems in the light of changes in Omani society. It also aims to investigate the compatibility of these visions with modern work requirements. A questionnaire, containing qualitative and quantitative questions, was distributed among (230) students (both males and females) who expected to graduate in 2013. Results showed that participants agreed that job advertisement must include job title, financial degree, and its requirements. In addition, work systems must respect society’s traditions, provide appropriate specialization, provide training for staff according to an annual plan, allow overtime during working days or holidays, double overtime work wage, and avoid preference in work wage according to gender, race, or religion. Results also showed that more than half of the study sample prefers working in the public sector rather than the private sector or entrepreneurship, and there is a duality in students’ visions regarding work systems between traditional orientations and modern orientations.
Translation and EFL in Oman
Authors: Al-Ma’ani Musallam , Al-Kindi Al Ghalia
Published: November 2023

The history of the didactics of translation indicates that it has been effectively used in the teaching of foreign languages. In the case of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), translation can have a sufficiently facilitating role in its teaching and learning. Particularly for the teaching of EFL in Oman, where English is taught at all stages of the educational system, translation from and into Arabic and English may improve the mastery of English. But there is disagreement among EFL teachers on the use of translation in their classes. This paper explores the views of EFL teachers in Oman with regard to the feasibility and usefulness of translation in EFL teaching. Findings suggest that EFL teachers in Oman are almost split on this vital issue.
Scientific Research Obstacles – Jordan Experiment
Authors: Fadda Eyad Hakam
Published: November 2023

Literature shows that production of scientific research in the Arab world is at very low level. According to UNESCO statistics for 2004, all Arab countries allocated approximately a tot al of $ 1.7 billion for scientific research, which is close to 0.3% of their Gross National Income (GNP). In contrast, France, Denmark and the United States each allocates an annual 2 to 2.6% of their GNPs for research. This confirms the size of the gap between the reality of research in the Arab world and western and developed countries which are known for their considerable contribution to the advancement of knowledge and human civilization and their generous spending on scientific research, especially in light of UNESCO’s recommendations of spending around 1% of GNP on research. It should be noted that scientific research in the Arab world is mainly funded by the public sector with a contribution of 80% of total research allocations. This is in stark contrast with the state of research in developed countries, where research is funded mainly by the private sector, which is the case in Japan, where 70% of research is funded by the private sector. Importance of conducting research has been emphasized in the outcomes of the Arab Conference for the Development of Scientific Research, held in Amman in October of 2015 under the patronage of the Union of Arab Universities Secretary General, with participation from a number of Arab countries. The conference made several recommendations to resolve the obstacles that impede scientific research in the Arab world which include administrative corruption, theft of scientific research proposals, and the participation of too many academics and researchers in certain joint research projects just for the sole reason of gaining approval of the project by the concerned authorities.
Academic Staff Attitudes in Jordanian Universities towards Citizen Journalism as a Source of Information:A Survey Study
Authors: Odeh Riham B , El Sarayrah Mohamed Najib
Published: November 2023

This study aims at discussing the attitudes of academic staff in Jordanian universities to citizen journalism and its role as a source of information. The study uses the survey methodology. Jordan University and Petra University were chosen as samples representing the universities. A total number of 300 questionnaires were distributed, 209 questionnaires were filled constituting the actual sample involved in the study. The study shows that about two thirds, 66.5% of the respondents, believe that the term journalism covers what is called citizen journalism. The findings reveal that the highest percentage, 44.3% of the respondents, believe that the term journalism does not cover citizen journalism, which can be attributed to the reason that they do not adhere to specific professional standards, while 41.4% of the respondents think it is not professional journalism. It is as low as 2.9% of the respondents believe that this type of journalism lacks credibility and is biased.
Interrelationship between the History and Archaeology, Islamic City of Qalhāt: Case Study
Authors: Alqadahat Mohammed Abdullah , Douglas Khaled
Published: November 2023

This study aims to clarify the relationship between archaeology and history. Archaeological evidence can bear witness to historical events. Such events can be discovered, studied, and classified by archaeologists and presented to historians as authentic material, especially in the absence of written sources. Thus, the joint work between archaeologists and historians could help to reformulate past events into coherent historical records. The Islamic city of Qalhat is taken as an example in this study. It is almost absent from historical sources although it was a very important port city during the 13th to 17th century. On a very few occasions, it was mentioned by some travelers who visited the city and described it as a living and flourishing city. However, so few and such short records do not provide enough evidence of the history of the city. Only archaeology can narrate the complete story of the city where the earliest and latest phases of occupation were fully uncovered. Archaeological excavations revealed in detail the high level of architecture that the inhabitants of Qalhat had and how the city was well organized and divided into different quarters as well as the fortification system and an international network of trade relations. All of this archaeological evidence will enable historians to rewrite the history of the Islamic city of Qalhat based on solid grounds.
The Image of Sultanate of Oman in the Contemporary Algerian Arabic Press
Authors: Djehlane Mohammed Ahmed
Published: November 2023

This study tried to dive in the archives relating to Oman in the Algerian contemporary press, (1986-2016), and its goal is to look for the Oman presence in the Algerian press, and its role in consolidating of Algeria's Oman relations in the past and present. Based on the above, we have attempted in this study to analyze the subject - after a systematic approach- in the following topics: 1. Introduction to the interesting of Algerian journalists about Oman in modern-day. 2. Algerian press and the contemporary cultural scene in Oman. 3. Algerian press and document the views of the Algerian and Omani on topical issues. Among the findings of the research is the extrapolation of the huge amount of Algerian press material covered by the period of study. That the reasons of Omani-Algerian relationship extend in the depths of history, back to the second century AH, and she has stimulated the efforts of the press pioneers in Algeria and Zanzibar this relation and contributed to its consolidation in this modern age. The study also concluded that the image of the Sultanate of Oman in this press embodies a mosaic of high cultural characteristics. The first is: Oman's adherence to its religious and Arab identity. The second is: his struggle for his freedom and his struggle against colonialism throughout history. The third is: the wrapping of the Omani people around their political leadership and their pride in their scientists. The fourth: the sense of citizenship and co-existence and the entrenchment of the right to difference. The fifth: focus in the renaissance on the humans before the structures, and finally, the image of the Sultanate of Oman in short is: "Is the originality of history, the renaissance of the future, and a worthy example to study and follow-up".