bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of edge dislocation on optical vortex transmission
Authors: Gao Penghui , Lu Meihong , Li Jingying
Published: October 2023

Through theoretical calculation, the analytical expression for the cross-spectral density function of vortex beam with and without edge dislocation during transmission in turbulent atmosphere and free space is obtained. The calculation result is used for researching the influences of edge dislocation on optical vortex transmission. The research shows that due to the edge dislocation, when the optical vortex's topological charge is greater than +1, the optical vortex will no longer carry out steady transmission in the free space transmission. Instead, it will divide into two optical vortices, and the distance between them will gradually increase as the transmission distance increases. Optical vortex will split in turbulent atmosphere propagation. Due to the edge dislocation, when the topological charge of optical vortex is greater than +2, it is found that the distance between one optical vortex and other optical vortices is much larger than that between other optical vortices. Besides, when there's an edge dislocation, the greater the light wavelength and the structure constant are, the smaller the distance between the optical vortex and the edge dislocation on the source plane is, and the evolution of the optical vortex will be accelerated.
Acceptability of using the medication monitor and experience of a differentiated care approach for TB treatment adherence among people living with TB in South Africa
Authors: Mukora Rachel , Ahumah Barack , Maraba Noriah , Orrell Catherine , Jennings Lauren , Naidoo Pren , Fielding Katherine L. , Velen Kavindhran , Charalambous Salome , Chetty-Makkan Candice M.
Published: October 2023

Background

The introduction of digital adherence technologies (DATs) such as medication monitors in tuberculosis (TB) programmes supports treatment adherence among people with tuberculosis (PWTB). We evaluated the acceptability of using medication monitors (Wisepill evriMED) prompting a stepwise differentiated care approach (DCA), involving short message service (SMS), phone calls, home visits and motivational counselling, among PWTB in South Africa.

Methods

We conducted 62 in-depth interviews with participants in local languages across three provinces (January—October 2020), purposively selected by treatment month, adherence history and gender. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. Using a deductive approach and the Theoretical Framework for Acceptability (TFA), we explored acceptability across the sample attributes.

Results

PWTB across adherence histories showed a positive attitude to using the evriMED device and receiving the DCA support. PWTB described the SMS reminders and phone calls as effective reminders, though home visits were less acceptable, due to perceived stigma. Despite willingness to participate in the intervention, the large size of the monitor and sound of the alarm drew attention, potentially causing embarrassment and stigma. Due to perceived stigma, some PWTB adapted the intervention by leaving the monitor at home after removing the pills to ensure that someone else tracked usage, while the PWTB used alternative reminders such as cell phones to take their medication.

Conclusion

Although PWTB showed a positive attitude towards the intervention, perceived stigma contributed to participants adapting their lifestyle to meet treatment adherence requirements without using the monitor. However, the medication monitor was a tool that seemed to prompt this personal change in behaviour. Achieving people-centered TB care, including the introduction of DATs, will require that TB programmes incorporate PWTB insights to maximize their use and effectiveness.
Potential of root acid phosphatase activity to reduce phosphorus fertilization in maize cultivated in Brazil
Authors: Lopes e Silva Lucas , Andrade João Antonio da Costa , Maltoni Kátia Luciene , Lannes Lucíola Santos
Published: October 2023

It is urgent to mitigate the environmental impacts resulting from agriculture, especially in highly biodiverse and threatened areas, as the Brazilian Cerrado. We aim to investigate whether root acid phosphatase activity is alternative plant strategies for nutrient acquisition in maize genotypes cultivated under fertilized and unfertilized conditions in Brazil, potentially contributing to reducing the use of phosphate fertilizers needed for production. Three experiments were performed: the first was conducted in a glasshouse, with 17 experimental maize inbred lines and two phosphorus (P) treatments; the second in the field, with three maize inbred lines and two treatments, one without fertilization and another with NPK fertilization; and the third was also carried out in the field, with 13 commercial hybrids, grown either under NK or under NPK treatment. Plant variables were measured and tested for the response to fertilization, differences amongst genotypes and response to root acid phosphatase activity. The activity of root acid phosphatase was modulated by the availability of P and nitrogen (N) in the soil and promoted grain filling of commercial hybrids in soils with low P availability. These results demonstrate that it is possible to select genotypes that are more adapted to low soil P availability aiming at organic production, or to use genotypes that have high phosphatase activity under P fertilization to reduce the amount of added P needed for maize production in Brazil.
IL-6 serum level, ARDS, and AKI as risk factors for the COVID-19 infection’s mortality in children
Authors: Ganda Idham Jaya , Putri Try Kartika Eka , Rauf Syarifuddin , Laompo Amiruddin , Pelupessy Ninny Meutia , Lawang Sitti Aizah , Ridha Nadirah Rasyid , Fikri Bahrul , Massi Muhammad Nasrum
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Dysregulated immune responses are developed in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are reflecting the severity of the clinical presentation. This study aimed to analyze IL-6 serum level, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as risk factors for mortality in children with COVID-19.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted on children with COVID-19 infection confirmed by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) who were admitted to infection center at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. Subjects were selected using the consecutive sampling method.

Results

A total of 2,060 COVID-19 RT-PCR tests were performed, and 1,065 children were confirmed positive. There were 291 cases that met the inclusion criteria, with 28.52 percent non-survives and 71.48% survives. The risk factors for mortality were IL-6, ARDS, AKI, Prothrombin Time / Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PT/aPTT), oxygen saturation, Absolut lymphocyte count (ALC), leukocytes, Length of Stay (LOS), and nutritional status (p<0.05). IL-6 levels increased in all patients (23.48–252.58 pq/ml). COVID-19 patients with AKI, ARDS, low oxygen saturation and thrombocytopenia had the highest levels of IL-6 (p 0.05). The IL-6 cut-off point was >80.97 pg/ml with 93% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Area Under Curve was 0.981 (95% CI), 0.960–1.000). A multivariate analysis showed IL-6 levels with OR 18.570 (95% CI 5.320–64.803), ARDS with Odds Ratio (OR) 10.177, (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.310–9.040), and AKI with OR 3.220 (95% CI 1.070–10.362). A combination of increased IL-6, ARDS, and AKI can predict a mortality probability as high as 98.3%.

Conclusion

IL-6, ARDS, and AKI are risk factors for mortality in children with COVID-19. IL-6 level was the highest mortality risk factor.
Hogyan értelmezhető a felelősség a divatiparban?
Authors: Vizi Noémi , Hetesi Erzsébet
Published: October 2023

Melyik aspektus a fontosabb a divatipar fenntarthatósági törekvései
esetén? A környezeti, a társadalmi vagy a gazdasági? Bármelyikben is
következik be változás, hatással lesz a másik kettőre és ezzel újabb
kihívásokat generál. Tanulmányunk egy olyan szakirodalmi áttekintésen
alapul, amely kérdéseket vet fel a felelősségre vonatkozóan, ahol a fókusz
a fast fashion, amely a fogyasztói tömeg szélesebb rétegét érinti. Az új
típusú gyártói-fogyasztói szerepeket - röviden ugyan -, de több oldalról
kívánjuk elemezni. kérdéseket fogalmazunk meg arra vonatkozóan, hogy a két
fél cselekvéseiben fellelhetők-e a fenntarthatósági törekvések. A választ
természetesen nem tudjuk, hiszen maga a jelenség (a divat) társadalmi,
környezeti és gazdasági érdekek szövevénye. Nincsen egyértelmű igazság,
minden változásnak következményei lesznek gazdasági-, társadalmi-,
környezeti aspektusban egyaránt. Véleményünk szerint a fenntarthatósághoz
szükség van egyfajta szemléletváltásra, amely a fogyasztók oldalán a magas
minőségű termékek fogyasztásában, a tartósságban gyökerezik, nem a divat
állandó hajszolásában; a divatipari szervezetek esetén pedig a társadalmi-,
környezeti szempontok előtérbe helyezésére a gazdasági érdekek és a profit
növelésével szemben.
The Importance of Agricultural Knowledge in Early Childhood Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fadlillah M. , Oktavianingsih Eka , Lisdayana Nurmalisa , Latif Muhammad Abdul
Published: October 2023

Indonesia is an agrarian country and has potential in agriculture that is not in line with the potential of supporting human resources. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce agriculture from an early age. Early childhood learning programs with an agricultural perspective can equip children with knowledge about the importance of agriculture as well as basic skills such as caring for, watering and planting plants. This research aims to understand the importance of agriculture-based learning in early childhood education environments. This research method uses Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyze Extensions for scoping reviews using 3 databases namely science direct, google Scholar, and sage journals. The literature reviewed from the scoping review obtained 8 articles that fulfilled the use of qualitative and quantitative or mixed methods. The types of journals produced are mostly children's education journals, environmental education journals for children, and journals about nutrition for children. Many research subjects also center on children's intelligence, scientific and nature-friendly attitudes, cognitive, language, and social skills that children can acquire from gardening or agriculture-based learning. From data collection and preparation of literature material, benefits from agricultural-based learning programs are obtained. This benefit is the basis for the importance of agriculture-based learning in kindergarten children. The benefits of agricultural learning-based activities in Early Childhood Education (ECE) include increasing early childhood knowledge and love for agricultural activities, increasing children's naturalistic intelligence, promoting healthy food in early childhood, environmentally friendly attitudes, and cognitive intelligence.
Lazos parentales de adolescentes en etapa tardía de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez Rocío Del Pilar
Published: October 2023

This research paper studies the perception of parental ties in the late adolescent sub-stage. A sample of 281 young residents’ people has been participated in the city of Bogotá. For this, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was used in its version adapted for the Colombian population by Gómez, Vallejo, and Zambrano in 2007. This study pretend to provide information that allows intervention in areas of education and health related to family dynamics and paternal function. The results obtained presents a prevalence of perception of control-type bond without affection of 38,9% for each of the age range groups and statistically significant differences for sex, with a higher level of perception of paternal and maternal bond for the females. These data are like those found in previous research, both in prevalence and in differences according to established variables.
Por qué “el niño salvaje” no pudo ser un infante
Authors: Porras-Suárez Rafael Andrés
Published: October 2023

¿Puede considerarse al “niño salvaje” de Aveyron un infante? El texto intenta dar respuesta al interrogante asumiendo que la constitución de la infancia, de la configuración de una especificidad infantil en el “niño salvaje” a través del método educativo de Jean Itard, no era un asunto de modificación conductual, de adaptación cultural o de imitación lingüística y moral; sino el fracaso de la racionalidad moderna al no advertir la naturaleza de su objeto: un cuerpo no simbolizado por el lenguaje. El fracaso de concebir a Víctor —aquel significante asignado al “niño salvaje”— como infante fue un verdadero problema del lenguaje y planteó un nuevo problema para el estudio de la naturaleza de lo humano.
Perspectiva legal del manejo de embriones supernumerarios en Italia. Soluciones prácticas de Derecho comparado
Authors: Dalla Costa Sara
Published: October 2023

The advances in the field of reproductive medicine have placed a new entity at the forefront: the human embryo. The reconstruction of its legal identity assumes paramount importance in the pursuit of finding solutions to one of the most sensitive issues currently driving the debate in the Italian context, namely, the fate of supernumerary embryos. This contribution provides a concise review of the contributions made by doctrine and jurisprudence, both at the national and European levels, concerning this matter. Subsequently, it delves into some practical proposals, analyzing their potentialities and critical aspects.
El listado de pacientes en la empresa dedicada a la prestación de servicios médicos como objeto material de los delitos de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos de empresa
Authors: Eguia Moreno Victoria
Published: October 2023

En la actualidad podría afirmarse que la mayor problemática existente en torno a los delitos de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos de empresa se encuentra en la indeterminación de su objeto material: el secreto de empresa. Esta indeterminación, que la reciente Ley 1/2019, de 20 de febrero, de Secretos Empresariales ayuda a solventar, ha llevado a los Tribunales de la jurisdicción penal a pronunciamientos dispares sobre la aplicación de los tipos penales relativos al descubrimiento y revelación de secretos de empresa, siendo uno de los supuestos más cuestionados en la práctica de nuestros Tribunales el tratamiento (o no) de un listado de clientes como un secreto de empresa. Si bien, hay muchas resoluciones que abogan por entender que dichos listados de clientes no forman parte de la información confidencial y reservada de una empresa –lo que impediría entenderla como un secreto de empresa–, encontramos también ejemplos de casos en los que se ha adoptado una solución contraria. Por medio del presente análisis, se pretende responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Puede un listado de pacientes ser considerado un secreto de empresa y, por tanto, dar lugar su descubrimiento y/o revelación a la comisión de un delito de los recogidos en el artículo 278 y siguientes del Código Penal? ¿Y si dicho listado de pacientes contuviera documentación clínica (con datos médicos) de cada uno de ellos?
Advancements in multi-omics strategies in personalized medicine and the ethical, legal and criminological considerations
Authors: Marco-Francia María-Pilar , Mora-Ortiz Marina
Published: October 2023

Los avances en las estrategias multiómicas, tanto a nivel analítico como computacional, han llevado al desarrollo de la medicina personalizada, que adapta el tratamiento médico al individuo basado en la comprensión de su composición biológica. Este enfoque tiene el potencial de revolucionar la atención médica, al proporcionar tratamientos más efectivos y eficientes. Sin embargo, la implementación de la medicina personalizada plantea importantes cuestiones éticas, legales y sociales. Las consideraciones éticas y legales en torno a las pruebas multiómicas, los desafíos de implementar la medicina personalizada en países de rentas bajas y el papel de las leyes de propiedad intelectual en la configuración del acceso a tratamientos personalizados son temas de creciente preocupación. Algunas consideraciones incluyen cuestiones de privacidad, consentimiento informado y posibles discriminaciones. Consideraciones relevantes, en términos penales, por los importantes avances que se van a producir en los próximos años en el análisis multiómico. Los estudios ómicos van a conllevar una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos biológicos que contribuyen a enfermedades mentales y comportamientos agresivos (Jakovljevic and Jakovljevic 2019). La biología humana, que subyace a determinados trastornos que tienen gran influencia en la cuestión penal, va a ser explicada mejor por el sistema multicapa que las pruebas multiómicas propician y va a posibilitar biomarcadores bioquímicos de la agresión que nos proporcionarán gran información en los ámbitos penal y criminológico. Un aspecto ético importante es el derecho a la privacidad de la información genética. Los pacientes pueden dudar en someterse a pruebas genéticas si temen que su información sea compartida o utilizada de formas que no pretendían. El consentimiento informado es otra consideración ética y legal importante. También hay que tener en cuenta el potencial de discriminación es una consideración legal importante en torno a las pruebas genéticas. Los pacientes pueden estar preocupados de que sus resultados se utilicen en su contra, como en la denegación de cobertura de seguro médico, oportunidades de empleo. Otro motivo de preocupación es el uso de modelos predictivos de alta precisión realizados con datos multiómicos, por parte de las aseguradoras privadas y la sanidad pública, y cómo puede afectar al paciente.
The first record of the Cumberland slider Trachemys scripta troostii (Thunberg & Schoepff, 1792) (Testudines: Emydidae) in Slovenia
Authors: Remžgar Tomaž
Published: October 2023

n/a
Two new findings of dicephalic snakes from Croatia
Authors: Zadravec Mladen , Šarić Tomislav
Published: October 2023

n/a
Optimal auxiliary function method for analyzing nonlinear system of coupled Schrödinger–KdV equation with Caputo operator
Authors: Alshehry Azzh Saad , Yasmin Humaira , Ganie Abdul Hamid , Ahmad Muhammad Wakeel , Shah Rasool
Published: October 2023

The optimal auxiliary function method (OAFM) is introduced and used in the analysis of a nonlinear system containing coupled Schrödinger–KdV equations, all within the framework of the Caputo operator. The OAFM, known for its efficiency in solving nonlinear issues, is used to obtain approximate solutions for the coupled equations’ complicated dynamics. Numerical and graphical assessments prove the suggested method’s correctness and efficiency. This study contributes to the understanding and analysis of coupled Schrödinger–KdV equations and their many applications by providing insights into the behavior of nonlinear systems within mathematical physics.
Fogyatékossággal élő és megváltozott munkaképességű csoportok a munka világában - felnőttképzési nézőpontból
Authors: Kraiciné Szokoly Mária
Published: October 2023

Napjainkban a hátrányos helyzetű, alulképzett társadalmi csoportok képzés útján történő felzárkóztatása, foglalkoztatottságának növelése mind társadalmi, mind gazdasági szempontból aktuális és fontos feladat. Ez egyaránt kihívást jelent a szakképzés, a felnőttképzés és a munkaerőhiánnyal küzdő gazdasági szervezetek számára.  A tanulmány a munkaerőpiacon hátrányban lévő csoportok közül a fogyatékossággal élő és a megváltozott munkaképességű személyek munkaerőpiaci helyzetével foglalkozik felnőttképzési aspektusból.

Az alul-foglalkoztatottságnak a szakképzettség hiányán túl számos oka van (alacsony információhiány, diszkrimináció, inkluzív, akadálymentesített munkahelyek hiánya stb.). További ok az a sajátos jelenség, hogy fogyatékossággal élő és megváltozott munkaképességű személyek esetén nem igaz a többségi társadalom tagjaira az a kutatásokkal igazolt tény, hogy minél magasabb a munkavállaló iskolai végzettsége, szakképzettsége, annál valószínűbb a munkaerőpiaci sikeressége.

A tanulmány célja - egy későbbi nagyobb mintájú kutatás előkészítéseként - tisztázni a főbb fogalmakat, továbbá pilot jellegű vizsgálat révén informálódni az érintettek foglalkoztatásának (toborzás és kiválasztás, képzés és a karrierépítés) esélyegyelőségi kérdéseiről. A vizsgálat módszere félig strukturált interjú, a célcsoport egyrészt fogyatékossággal élő személyeket képviselő civil szervezetek vezetői, másrészt a munkaerőpiacon IT szolgáltatásokat nyújtó cégek vezetői. A két mesterszakos hallgató  bevonásával készült interjúkutatás bővíti a fogyatékossággal élő személyek munkaerőpiaci helyzetének ismeretét és konkrét javaslatokkal segíti munkaerőpiaci helyzetük javítását.
A hazai felnőttoktatás néhány statisztikai és térbeli jellemzője
Authors: Erdei Gábor , Apáti Norbert
Published: October 2023

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Az oklevéltől az aranydiplomáig – Egy népiskolai tanító emlékei
Authors: Huszár Zoltán
Published: October 2023

Jelen tanulmány fő célja egy tanítói életpálya bemutatása, Koltai Ferencné Gebhardt Irén népiskolai tanító naplóba rendezett narratív visszaemlékezései alapján, valamint a releváns szakirodalom és levéltári források segítségével, alkalmanként az „oral history”-ra jellemző adatgyűjtés módszerére hagyatkozva megrajzolni hozzá a vizsgált kor történeti hátterét. A feldolgozás, illetve elemzés a mikrotörténetek jellemző csomópontjaira, mérföldköveire koncentrálva próbálja megtalálni a válaszokat a kutatási kérdésekben felvetett problémákra, legfőképpen arra, hogy miként illeszthető össze a naplóban megidézett pálya a kordokumentumokban leírtakkal; mely személyek, helyek és események formálták a narrátor identitását, és azok milyen módon kapcsolódtak egymáshoz.
A „jövő társadalmának” építői: Szocialista iskola és gyermekideál Magyarországon a 60-70-es években
Authors: K. Farkas Claudia
Published: October 2023

A gyermeki világ és múlt, a gyermekről való gondolkozás problematikája mára a neveléstörténet integráns része. A gyermekkortörténet tudománya felöleli a gyermekekkel kapcsolatos meggyőződéseket, hiteket, továbbá a nevelésükről és a szocializációjukról szóló tárgykört.

A második világháború utáni kétpólusú világrendben Magyarország a Szovjetunió szatellitállamaként, a szovjet minta alapján az ún. szocialista társadalom építésébe kezdett. A tanulmány célja, hogy hozzájáruljon az ún. szocialista korszak magyarországi nevelés- és gyermekkortörténetének bővítéséhez. Az írás a 60-70-es évek ún. szocialista gyermekideáljának megjelenítésére és elemzésére összpontosít, elhelyezve a korszak iskolaügyében. A vizsgálódási periódust indokolttá teszi, hogy kevéssé feltérképezett. A vizsgálat primer forrásokra és szekunder bázisra épül, metodológiai szempontból kvalitatív szemléletű, deduktív megközelítésű, feltáró és magyarázó jellegű, teoretikus és szintetizáló perspektívájú, a dokumentumelemzés módszerét alkalmazza.

Megállapítást nyert, hogy a szocializmus építésének korszaka szignifikánsan befolyásolta a gyermeki létet, a gyermekkorral kapcsolatos elgondolásokat, a gyermekeszményt a politikai hatások festették újra. A tanulmány bővíti a gyermekkortörténet értelmezési kereteit, ismerteti a szocialista pedagógia gyermekeszmény értelmezését, következtetéseivel hozzájárul a szocialista korszak pedagógiájáról meglévő tudás növeléséhez.
Állami Műszaki Főiskola 1947-51
Authors: Pethő László
Published: October 2023

A tanulmány egy felzárkóztató program keretében létrejött felnőttképzési kezdeményezés történetét vázolja és hatását elemzi. A második világháború után megalakult főiskola a gazdaság konkrét igényei alapján alakult meg. Lérejöttét a szakszervezetek kezdeményezték, a kormány biztosította a főiskola működésének finanszírozását. Az újonnan létrejött intézmény vállalta, hogy a felmerült igényekre reagálva nagyszámú mérnököt képez.  A tanulmány követi a főiskola alapítását, bemutatja működését, vezetőit és tanárait, akiknek többsége pályakezdő oktató volt. Kiválasztásuk során igyekeztek eleget tenni a minőségbiztosítás feltételeinek, lényegesnek tartották, hogy komoly gyakorlati tapasztalattal rendelkezzenek. A szerző bemutatja a kiszemelt hallgatók toborzását, akiket főleg tanulni kívánó gyári alkalmazottakból és munkásokból választottak ki. A dolgozat írója külön kitér a főiskola programjában alkalmazott felnőttképzési módszerek alkalmazására. Kiemeli az instrutorok közreműködését, akik konzulensként és tanulást támogató személyként segítették a hallgatók tanulását. Végül konkrét példák bemutatásával áttekinti a felzárkóztató program mérlegét, és a végzett hallgatók karrierjének alakulását. Elemzése során említést tesz a kudarcokról, és vázolja a munka melletti tanulás speciális problémáit.
Koltai Dénes szerepe az andragógiai professzió fejlesztésében
Authors: Németh Balázs
Published: October 2023

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A fejlesztő professzor
Authors: Zachár László
Published: October 2023

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The Complex of Factors That Determine Why Young People Live, Work and Create Businesses (Invest) in Rural Areas
Authors: Atkočiūnienė Vilma , Greta Šimkienė Greta Šimkienė
Published: October 2023

The depopulation of young and active people, open to innovation, who seek better living conditions in rural areas is inseparable
from various negative economic and social consequences. The purpose of the research is to reveal the main factors that determine
the decision of young people to return to live, work and create businesses (invest) in X rural area. In order to attract educated youth
to rural areas, it is important to reveal the factors that influence the decision to stay. A qualitative case study was conducted. A semistructured interview was used. Ten young people who decided to return to live in rural area X took part in the study. According to
the respondents, their choice to live in the country was determined by factors such as cheaper housing, inherited property, accessible
preschool education, healthier food at lower prices, fresh air, trust and relations based on mutual assistance, family support, farming,
and orientation towards foreign markets. However, despite all these factors, young people mostly feel a lack of variety in social
services. Also, their initiatives in the sphere of social service are limited.
F. A. von Hayek’o verslo ciklo teorija: jos gimimo aplinkybės, esmė ir aktualumas šiandienai
Authors: Čiegis Remigijus , Drabavičius Žilvinas
Published: October 2023

Straipsnyje pateikiamas F. A. von Hayek’o verslo ciklo teorijos gimimo aplinkybių, esmės ir jos realaus aktualumo šiandienai teorinis tyrimas, grindžiamas nuostata, kad siekiant suprasti šiuolaikinę visuomenę reikia rimtai priimti dėmesin idėjų ir visuomenių istoriją. Atliekant tyrimą siekiama atskleisti F. A. von Hayek’o verslo ciklo teorijos gimimo aplinkybes, esminius jos momentus ir parodyti šios teorijos poveikį tuometiniams ir šiandieniams politiniams-ekonominiams monetarinės srities procesams. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia, kad šia teorija F. A. von Hayek’as metė iššūkį tuometinei vyriausybių ir centrinių bankų makropolitikai.
A new chronology for the Welsh hillfort of Dinas Powys
Authors: Campbell Ewan , Seaman Andy , Lane Alan , Noble Gordon
Published: October 2023

Excavated by Leslie Alcock in the 1950s, the inland promontory fort of Dinas Powys is widely cited as a type site for elite settlements of post-Roman western Britain. Alcock's interpretation and dating of the main defences as a Norman-period castle were effectively disproven in the 1990s, but the excavator's original chronology continues to be cited. Here, the authors present a revised chronology, integrating new radiocarbon dates and stratigraphic analysis to re-evaluate the history of occupation. The new phasing redates the main defences to the early medieval period, which aligns with the site's notable early medieval assemblage. The findings contribute to understanding of post-Roman western Britain and the (re)occupation of late antique hilltop sites more generally.
Comparative Analysis of Soil Health in Backyard Farms on Multiple Islands of The Bahamas
Authors: Chambers Devin , Watson Carlton , Dames Okell , Odhiambo George , Gustave Williamson
Published: October 2023

Food insecurity is a major concern in The Bahamas due to our inadequate food and agricultural infrastructure and heavy reliance on imports. To mitigate this threat, the Bahamian government has been encouraging homeowners to engage in backyard farming. However, the success of backyard farming relies on the presence of healthy soils. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of soil health in backyard farms across several islands in The Bahamas. Our analysis focused on key indicators such as nutrient availability, pH, salinity, water-holding capacity, and organic carbon. Our results revealed that none of the 38 soil samples analysed fell within the optimal range for all of the selected indicators. Our results suggested that soil treated with synthetic fertilizer did not exhibit higher nutrient availability compared to naturally fertilized or unfertilized samples. Additionally, through correlation analysis, we found a positive relationship between organic carbon and water-holding capacity. Conversely, negative correlations were observed between pH and nitrogen, as well as organic carbon and pH. These correlations imply that optimizing pH levels and enhancing water holding capacity may play a crucial role in improving soil health in The Bahamas, with particular attention to increasing organic carbon content.
„Kresy Pierwszej i Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej“ (the ‘Kresy’ of the Commonwealth of Both Nations and the Second Republic of Poland), i.e. an exercise in close reading of a certain map. Reflections on the contemporary ‘Kresy’ discourse
Authors: Bukowiec Paweł
Published: October 2023

The article is an attempt to interpret a schematic map entitled Kresy I i II Rzeczypospolitej (‘Kresy’ of the I and II Republic, published in Bolesław Hadaczek’s companion History of the ‘Kresy’ literature). I try to read this text of culture critically, showing on its example the abusive functioning of the ‘Kresy’ discourse.
Features of Code Switching in Bilingual Children
Authors: Dabašinskienė Ineta , Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė Laura
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the use of code switching for bilingual children. The aim of the study was to assess which types and functions of code switching dominate in children’s narratives collected according to the MAIN methodology. Samples of children from different language groups (LT-EN and RU-LT) were chosen as they were expected to reveal different patterns of code-switching. The study revealed that code-switching was more frequent in the RU-LT sample, whose children lived in Lithuania but grew up in Russian-speaking families and attended educational institutions for national minorities. The children lacked basic Lithuanian language skills and were more likely to use words or phrases from their mother tongue to express their thoughts. Contrary to what is reported in international studies on children’s language development, in the case of Lithuania it is evident that even in third-generation Russian-speaking families Lithuanian is rarely used. Lithuanian children living in an English-speaking country (LT-EN) had fewer difficulties in speaking Lithuanian: fewer instances of code-switching in their narratives were observed and usually they were related to narrative coherence.In the RU-LT group, there was a very clear motivation for the use of code-switching – the code-switching recorded in the narratives was related to filling lexical gaps. A completely different trend emerged in the LT-EN sample, where English words or phrases helped the children to connect the narratives and to link the structural components of the story. In summary, code-switching is used as a helping strategy for the success of the task by helping the child to tell a story in a language that is inherited by some and a second language by others. Thus, even if the child inserts words in Russian or English, he/she successfully completes the task and tells the story according to the pictures that were presented to the children.
Conflicting Attitudes about the Place of Estonian at the University of Tartu: Interpreting Survey Data on Local and International Staff
Authors: Klaas-Lang Birute , Rozenvalde Kerttu
Published: October 2023

During the last decade, the universities in Estonia have internationalized their staff and student body to such an extent that the language environment in academia has undergone considerable changes. To react to the internationalization and Anglicisation of higher education and protect the use of Estonian in academia, the University of Tartu renewed its language policy in 2020 and commissioned a survey in 2021 to gain a better understanding of the implementation of the policy and its academic staff members’ attitudes towards the policy. This paper is based on the survey results. The survey was conducted by the authors in 2021 and 2022 and examines the attitudes of the local and international academic staff on acquiring Estonian and using it as the working language of the university. The results show a major difference in the attitudes of the local and international staff members. The local staff is in favour of language policies intended to advance the acquisition and use of Estonian in academia, whereas the international staff is generally interested only in acquiring introductory Estonian skills. Their motivation to continue learning Estonian is low since English is used as the common language of communication and work at the university. Based on the results, the authors present recommendations for designing inclusive institutional language policy and flexible forms of learning Estonian.
Assessment of the Sustainable Development of a Tourism Destination: The Case of an Adventure Park
Authors: Papečkys Saulius
Published: October 2023

The sustainable development of a tourism destination is a process that is continuously improved and has long-term value. By applying and distributing the economic, social and cultural dimensions equally, it is possible to achieve well-being for the environment and local people not only now, but also in the future. The study showed that the sustainable development of a tourism destination is presented differently by each of the authors, but all of them convey the idea that it is a process that includes economy, environmental protection, social dimensions and their management. By applying the process of sustainable development, tourism destinations achieve economic benefits without harming the environment and taking into account the social and cultural well-being of local people. It is recommended that voluntary publicity of environmental and socio-cultural activities in a tourism destination is an important factor that improves the image and increases value in society. Sustainability management is a more comprehensive, constructive, holistic approach than the management systems offered so far
The Interrelation Between Responsible Research and Innovation Dimensions and Macro Indicators
Authors: Bagočiūnė Laura , Novelskaitė Aurelija
Published: October 2023

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) concept has become an important topic in the academic community and in policy circles (van de Poel et al., 2017) and encompasses six main policy agendas (or dimensions): ethics; gender equality; governance; open access; public engagement; science education (RRI Tools, 2023). RRI concept, including gender (equality) as one of the dimensions, still lacks empirical explorations-based understanding. This paper aims to explore the peculiarities of interrelations between gender (equality) as one dimension of the Responsible Research and Innovation and societal progression in gender equality and innovativeness on macro level. Starting with generating original data-base of [n – 214] indicators quantitative secondary data analysis of descriptive characteristics of the selected variables and (Spearman) correlation (RS) analysis between the variables was accomplished. Descriptive and correlation analysis of interrelations between women’s involvement in four R&I (i.e. Business, Higher education, Governmental and Private Non-profit) sectors and Gender Equality Index and Global Innovation Index in 2013–2020 shows rather small changes of the indicators and fragmental interrelations between them during the period.
The Reasons Behind Sustainable Product Purchases. What Affects Consumers More – Cognition or Emotions?
Authors: Dagytė-Kavoliūnė Gintarė
Published: October 2023

More and more scientists are pointing to the need for sustainable consumption research in order to find an effective way to promote sustainable products among consumers. Scientists note that sustainable consumption is often illusory. The research shows that consumers have a positive attitude towards sustainable products, but that does not always correlate with actual consumers’ purchasing behaviour. Accordingly, the question arises of how to promote consumers to buy sustainable products. Recent theories in the field of decision-making, such as Dual Processing theories, place increasing importance on emotional response. The aim of this article is to investigate the emotional and cognitive factors that affect consumers’ intentions to buy sustainable products. Based on theoretical aspects, a model that examines the intersection between the emotional and cognitive responses on consumers’ intentions to buy sustainable products is proposed.
Managers’ Strategies to Support Employee Well-Being in Remote Work Environment
Authors: Kukytė Aistė
Published: October 2023

In today’s dynamic environment, employees’ well-being at work has become a matter of concern not only to employees, business but also to scholars. Workplace well-being relates to how employees feel about their work, their working environment, the climate at work and of course work organisation. Over the past few years in businesses environment numbers of remote workers had increased, thus this change leads to the need for theory and research on how managers can support employees’ well-being in remote work environments. The analysis of the scientific literature allowed to detect aspects of employees’ well-being, reveal managers’ strategies related to supporting well-being at remote work. Based on the obtained results and scientific literature review, the conceptual model of managers’ strategies to support employees’ well-being in remote work environments is presented
The Impact of Corporate Image on Consumer Engagement in Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Makūnaitė Greta , Kiaušienė Ilona
Published: October 2023

In order to raise public awareness of sustainability, companies need to take an important step towards sustainable consumption. A positive corporate image can help consumers to change their consumption habits and promote sustainable consumption. Corporate social responsibility becomes important in the context of corporate image, showing how companies themselves contribute to solving social, economic and environmental problems. Corporate image – what consumers think of a company – can influence consumer engagement in sustainable consumption. The objective is to determine the impact of corporate image on consumer engagement in sustainable consumption. The results showed that a positive corporate image can lead to consumer satisfaction and long-term customer retention, i.e. loyalty, indicating a positive consumer engagement with sustainable consumption. Consumer engagement in sustainable consumption is not only determined by a positive corporate image together with CSR, but also by the external and internal environment of consumers
UKRAINIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR: ECONOMIC CHALLENGES, THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: ANHELKO I.V.
Published: October 2023

Goal. The article is devoted to highlighting the state of Ukrainian entrepreneurship in the conditions of war through the prism of defining economic challenges, threats and opportunities. Method. To achieve the goal of the research, general scientific and special methods of cognition were used. In the work, methods of analysis and synthesis were applied in assessing the state of entrepreneurship in Ukraine; grouping, comparison and generalization when analyzing existing initiatives to support entrepreneurship in wartime; methods of graphical and tabular display of research results. Results. The state of entrepreneurship in Ukraine is defined and the main directions of business entities' activities in the pre-war period are indicated. The consequences of the impact of the war are characterized, in particular, regarding changes in the quantitative composition of active business entities and the results of their work in the conditions of a full-scale war. The main threats and problems of the modern development of entrepreneurship are highlighted. Scientific novelty. Using a systematic approach in evaluating existing initiatives to support Ukrainian entrepreneurship in the conditions of martial law, it is proposed to use a comprehensive approach in finding optimal ways to minimize and overcome existing problems and to determine priority measures for the restoration of business activity of business entities, their adaptation to atypical conditions and effective development in the post-war period. Practical significance. It is noted that a number of separate initiatives at the level of regional state administrations and city councils, which complement state programs, have been developed and implemented to support the development of Ukrainian entrepreneurship in wartime conditions. It was determined that donor support and initiatives of private companies and foundations are no less important in terms of scope and value. In general, entrepreneurship support should be implemented comprehensively, because a quick positive effect can be achieved only by implementing various measures and combining the efforts of individual support groups (state, local, donor and private). In general, it is determined that new programs aimed at supporting the revival of business activity of business entities should stimulate them to implement more innovative and sustainable practices that cover the principles of circular and green economy, reducing the energy intensity of production and promoting cooperation.
DIGITAL MATURITY OF THE COMPANY AS A COMPONENT OF LEADERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: ASSESSMENT MODELS, PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL WAYS OF ITS INCREASE
Authors: RIABETS N.M.
Published: October 2023

The purpose. To identify the problems of digital transformation and digital maturity of the company in terms of three aspects: first, from the point of view of perception of digital transformation by business structures and understanding of the essence of digital maturity, secondly, understanding of management tasks and challenges facing the top -management, thirdly, identification of potential ways to increase the level of digital maturity of the business. The methodology. In the process of research implementation, a diverse arsenal of methods was used, including empirical-theoretical, statistical analysis, methods of synthesis and comparative analysis, as well as the method of logical generalization. Scientific novelty. The conducted study of operational, organizational, behavioral and strategic aspects of this process made it possible to identify potential ways to increase the level of digital maturity of companies and confirmed the need for the formation of a new management paradigm relevant to modern transformational processes experienced by international business. Practical significance. Formed conclusions and recommendations can find practical implementation by the management of companies that have embarked on the path of digitizing their own business.
COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES OF ENTERPRISES IN CRISIS PERIOD: THE MARKETING ASPECT OF AIRLINES
Authors: POLOUS O. , MYKHALCHENKO I.
Published: October 2023

Goal. The article is devoted to the study of the modification essence of competitive strategies as a result of the impact of crisis phenomena on the example of the activities of airlines. Methodology. Research methods include methods of scientific abstraction, observation, synthesis, generalization to highlight the key features of airlines competitive strategies, system-structural analysis of the market. The classification system of Porter's general strategies was applied in the airline sector. Results. Functional-level strategies in different areas of the firm, such as marketing, operations, finance, can only be properly developed when there is clear understanding of the overall business strategy. The article discusses general strategies that are available to all firms regardless of the sector, in accordance with Porter's view of activities differentiation and low cost, taking into account the breadth of operational goals. The focus was on airline operations, indicating the competitive strategies of full-service network carriers, low-cost carriers, integrated cargo carriers, regional airlines, charter airlines, and carrier-within-a-carrier airlines. These business models form the spectrum of strategic choices that will mix and function in hybrid forms as airlines continue to add nuance to their diverse approaches. The impact of crisis phenomena is direct factor in the hybridization of competitive strategies, although budget airlines have proven to be the most stable business models in terms of staff reduction. Scientific novelty. The competitive strategies of enterprises for the aviation sector and the business models of airlines, which respond to the global crisis challenges to varying degrees, are adapted, among which the budget business model is the most stable due to low operating costs. It was established that the business models of airlines are characterized by the approach of hybridization and mixing of business model features. Practical significance. The obtained results contribute the further development of theoretical approaches to the marketing research of airline activities, the analysis of the functioning of the air transport market. The materials reflect the generalization of competitive strategies of airlines.
TRENDS OF THE SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN IVANO-FRANKIVSK REGION
Authors: HOBYR I. , BEREZHNYTSKA U. , BUI YU.
Published: October 2023

The purpose. Analysis of the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Ivano-Frankivsk region and the study of their development trends. Methods. To achieve the goal, a wide range of general scientific and special methods of analysis and synthesis, economic and logical methods of comparison, grouping, graphic method and others were used. The results. The structure of small and medium-sized business entities by region of Ukraine was studied. The predominance of the number of small enterprises compared to the average in all regions was determined, which is explained by the ease of registering business activities, a simplified taxation system, and less dependence of small enterprises on attracting long-term and significant amounts of financial resources. It is shown that the number of small enterprises in all regions of Ukraine varies between 93-96.5%, and the number of medium-sized enterprises is between 3 and 7%. An analysis of the activity of small and medium-sized business entities in the Ivano-Frankivsk region was conducted, which showed that there was a decrease in the number of employed workers at small and medium-sized business enterprises. Labor costs and volumes of products sold by enterprises of the Ivano-Frankivsk region, which had a steady trend of growth among small and medium-sized enterprises, were also analyzed. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the directions of the economic recovery of the Ivano-Frankivsk region with regard to the activation of small and medium-sized businesses, which will contribute to the improvement of the business climate, the attraction of investment resources and the establishment of competitive economic activity in the region, are substantiated. Scientific novelty. A scientific-methodological approach to assessing the state of small and medium-sized business entities is proposed. The practical significance. The results of the research consist in the possibility of practical use of the mentioned approach for evaluating the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises of Ukraine and recommendations for their development.