bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric fulminant malignant hyperthermia with severe electroencephalographic abnormality and brain damage: a case report
Authors: Minami Sakura , Ikeda Azusa , Yamada Kaori , Kajihama Aya , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Nagafuchi Hiroyuki
Published: April 2023

Background

Malignant hyperthermia is an extremely dangerous condition that can occur with exposure to volatile inhalant anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants, and that requires immediate intervention. Neurological complications have rarely been reported, with no reports of electroencephalographic abnormalities or encephalopathy. Here, we report a case of severe electroencephalographic abnormality in the acute phase of malignant hyperthermia that eventually led to diffuse cerebral cortical damage.

Case presentation

A 15-month-old Japanese boy underwent a Rastelli procedure to correct a double-outlet right ventricle and pulmonary atresia. Sevoflurane was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia during surgery. After withdrawal from the heart–lung machine, his body temperature rose at a rate of 0.1 ℃/minute, and when he left the operating room, his core body temperature had reached 42 ℃. After admission to the intensive care unit, tachycardia, high PaCO2, and progressive metabolic acidosis were observed. A clinical grading scale score of 63 indicated malignant hyperthermia, and dantrolene was administered. The pupils were dilated, and the electroencephalogram showed persistent generalized continuous multifocal spikes. Midazolam, levetiracetam, and fosphenytoin were administered without improvement, and thiamylal and ketamine were infused continuously. After the electroencephalogram shifted to burst suppression, the epileptic firing gradually decreased, and the background electroencephalogram became lower in amplitude. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head performed after the patient was hemodynamically stable suggested diffuse cerebral cortical damage. Severe mental retardation, hypertonia, and quadriplegia were observed as neurological complications.

Conclusions

In this case, despite the use of high-dose anticonvulsants, the patient showed severe electroencephalogram abnormality, resulting in diffuse cortical damage. Hyperthermia is known to damage the central nervous system by causing increased brain pressure and cerebral edema, which may have triggered the severe neuronal excitation that we observed in this case. The presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the patient’s background, including young age and ethnicity, might also have been factors. Malignant hyperthermia can be complicated by encephalopathy, and continuous electroencephalogram monitoring should be considered.
Self-Compacting Concrete with Partially Substitution of Waste Marble: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Zhou Zhiguang , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk
Published: April 2023

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is also seen as unsustainable since it uses a lot of natural resources. Recent researchers have focused on lowering construction costs and partially replacing cement with industrial waste. It is possible to effectively use various industrial wastes in concrete as cement or aggregates. Among these wastes, waste marble (WM) is a useful choice, and researchers have been interested in using WM in concrete for a couple of years. However, to pinpoint the advantages and recent advancements of research on WM as an ingredient of SCC, a comprehensive study is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to do a compressive evaluation of WM as an SCC ingredient. The review includes a general introduction to SCC and WM, the filling and passing capability of SCC, strength properties of SCC, durability, and microstructure analysis of SCC. According to the findings, WM improved the concrete strength and durability of SCC by up to 20% substitution due to micro-filling and pozzolanic reaction. Finally, the review also identifies research gaps for future investigations.
Exactly how free? Constrained choices and product ranges of medieval copper-alloy objects found between the Meuse and Loire rivers (9th–16th centuries CE)
Authors: Saussus Lise , Thomas Nicolas , Bourgarit David
Published: April 2023

This contribution synthesises the PIXE and ICP-AES elemental analyses carried out on a large dataset, comprising of 300 copper-alloy objects dating mainly to the Late Middle Ages. The objects are drawn from heritage institutions and archaeological contexts in various regions between the Meuse and the Loire rivers (France and Belgium). This investigation focuses on the main elements that make up the alloys (Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb). Past studies have often defined the composition of an alloy as an intentional choice, however in this paper we aim to identify the constraints in alloy manufacture in a bid to understand the degree of freedom enjoyed by craftsmen during this period. We will also evaluate to what degree the constraints imposed by technique, economic conditions and social requirement, affected production in a complex multifactorial system. We have opted to define alloys by object type, functional area and social context, by chronology and product ranges. For cast table- and the kitchenware, we have observed that alloys and the objects are standardised on a trans-regional scale. Conversely, the hammered objects are produced with a greater freedom, leading to a new hypothesis regarding specific workshop practices. Finally, we will propose a predictive model for cast objects that we hope is better suited for the study of heritage objects, their materials and their production processes, to be verified in future studies. This approach emphasises the importance of considering everything that makes an object what it is: its function, status and place in the market, when researching heritage materials.
Exploring investor-business-market interplay for business success prediction
Authors: Gangwani Divya , Zhu Xingquan , Furht Borko
Published: April 2023

The success of the business directly contributes towards the growth of the nation. Hence it is important to evaluate and predict whether the business will be successful or not. In this study, we use the company’s dataset which contains information from startups to Fortune 1000 companies to create a machine learning model for predicting business success. The main challenge of business success prediction is twofold: (1) Identifying variables for defining business success; (2) Feature selection and feature engineering based on Investor-Business-Market interrelation to provide a successful outcome of the predictive modeling. Many studies have been carried out using only the available features to predict business success, however, there is still a challenge to identify the most important features in different business angles and their interrelation with business success. Motivated by the above challenge, we propose a new approach by defining a new business target based on the definition of business success used in this study and develop additional features by carrying out statistical analysis on the training data which highlights the importance of investments, business, and market features in forecasting business success instead of using only the available features for modeling. Ensemble machine learning methods as well as existing supervised learning methods were applied to predict business success. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the overall accuracy and AUC score using ensemble methods. By adding new features related to the Investor-Business-Market entity demonstrated good performance in predicting business success and proved how important it is to identify significant relationships between these features to cover different business angles when predicting business success.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of intravenous fluid volume on biomarkers of endothelial glycocalyx shedding and inflammation during initial resuscitation of sepsis
Authors: Macdonald Stephen , Bosio Erika , Keijzers Gerben , Burrows Sally , Hibbs Moira , O’Donoghue Helen , Taylor David , Mukherjee Ashes , Kinnear Frances , Smart Lisa , Ascencio-Lane Juan-Carlos , Litton Edward , Fraser John , Shapiro Nathan I. , Arendts Glenn , Fatovich Daniel ,   The REFRESH Trial Investigators, McCutcheon David , Leonard Anton , Burcham Jonathan , Bellomo Rinaldo , Arendts Glenn , Litton Edward , Harley Amanda , Winearls James , Ascencio-Lane Juan Carlos , Brown Simon , Cooper David , Fatovich Daniel , Vlad Ioana , Wibrow Bradley , Anstey Matthew , Hazelwood Sarah
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To investigate the effect of IV fluid resuscitation on endothelial glycocalyx (EG) shedding and activation of the vascular endothelium and inflammation.

Materials and methods

A planned biomarker sub-study of the REFRESH trial in which emergency department (ED) patients) with suspected sepsis and hypotension were randomised to a restricted fluid/early vasopressor regimen or IV fluid resuscitation with later vasopressors if required (usual care). Blood samples were collected at randomisation (T0) and at 3 h (T3), 6 h (T6)- and 24 h (T24) for measurement of a range of biomarkers if EG shedding, endothelial cell activation and inflammation.

Results

Blood samples were obtained in 95 of 99 enrolled patients (46 usual care, 49 restricted fluid). Differences in the change in biomarker over time between the groups were observed for Hyaluronan (2.2-fold from T3 to T24, p = 0.03), SYN-4 (1.5-fold from T3 to T24, P = 0.01) and IL-6 (2.5-fold from T0 to T3, p = 0.03). No difference over time was observed between groups for the other biomarkers.

Conclusions

A consistent signal across a range of biomarkers of EG shedding or of endothelial activation or inflammation was not demonstrated. This could be explained by pre-existing EG shedding or overlap between the fluid volumes administered in the two groups in this clinical trial.

Trial registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN126160000006448 Registered 12 January 2016.
Data-driven resuscitation training using pose estimation
Authors: Weiss Kerrin E. , Kolbe Michaela , Nef Andrina , Grande Bastian , Kalirajan Bravin , Meboldt Mirko , Lohmeyer Quentin
Published: April 2023

Background

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training improves CPR skills while heavily relying on feedback. The quality of feedback can vary between experts, indicating a need for data-driven feedback to support experts. The goal of this study was to investigate pose estimation, a motion detection technology, to assess individual and team CPR quality with the arm angle and chest-to-chest distance metrics.

Methods

After mandatory basic life support training, 91 healthcare providers performed a simulated CPR scenario in teams. Their behaviour was simultaneously rated based on pose estimation and by experts. It was assessed if the arm was straight at the elbow, by calculating the mean arm angle, and how close the distance between the team members was during chest compressions, by calculating the chest-to-chest distance. Both pose estimation metrics were compared with the expert ratings.

Results

The data-driven and expert-based ratings for the arm angle differed by 77.3%, and based on pose estimation, 13.2% of participants kept the arm straight. The chest-to-chest distance ratings by expert and by pose estimation differed by 20.7% and based on pose estimation 63.2% of participants were closer than 1 m to the team member performing compressions.

Conclusions

Pose estimation-based metrics assessed learners’ arm angles in more detail and their chest-to-chest distance comparably to expert ratings. Pose estimation metrics can complement educators with additional objective detail and allow them to focus on other aspects of the simulated CPR training, increasing the training’s success and the participants’ CPR quality.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
A retrospective study of patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia peritonitis undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Shima Hisato , Okamoto Takuya , Tashiro Manabu , Inoue Tomoko , Iwaki Maho , Wariishi Seiichiro , Okada Kazuyoshi , Doi Toshio , Minakuchi Jun
Published: April 2023

Background

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is being increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients, such as patients undergoing dialysis. S. maltophilia peritonitis is strongly associated with the loss of peritoneal catheter among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) owing to its resistance to different groups of antibiotics. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of and risk factors for S. maltophilia peritonitis in patients undergoing PD.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective, case–control study was conducted between April 2013 and October 2022. Patients who were undergoing PD at Kawashima Hospital and were diagnosed with S. maltophilia peritonitis were included in this study. Controls were randomly selected from among patients who were undergoing PD and were diagnosed with peritonitis caused by microorganisms other than S. maltophilia. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and initial treatment data of the patients were analyzed to determine the risk factors for PD-related S. maltophilia peritonitis.

Results

Five patients with S. maltophilia peritonitis and 15 controls (three controls to one case) were included in this study. The incidence of S. maltophilia peritonitis was significantly more frequent among patients with diabetes mellitus (80.0% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.031) and among patients with higher white blood cell counts in the dialysate after appropriate antibiotic therapy (2561/µL [349–4654/µL] vs. 20/µL [20–23/µL]; p = 0.0006) than among the control patients. Although all the patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics after the identification of S. maltophilia, they had a significantly higher rate of catheter removal than the controls (80.0% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Diabetes mellitus may be an important risk factor for S. maltophilia peritonitis in patients undergoing PD.
Is there more than meets the eye in PSMA imaging in prostate cancer with PET/MRI? Looking closer at uptake time, correlation with PSA and Gleason score
Authors: Bogdanovic Borjana , Solari Esteban L. , Villagran Asiares Alberto , van Marwick Sandra , Schachoff Sylvia , Eiber Matthias , Weber Wolfgang A. , Nekolla Stephan G.
Published: April 2023

Background

In patients with increasing PSA and suspicion for prostate cancer, but previous negative biopsies, PET/MRI is used to test for tumours and target potential following biopsy. We aimed to determine different PSMA PET timing effects on signal kinetics and test its correlation with the patients’ PSA and Gleason scores (GS).

Methods

A total of 100 patients were examined for 900 s using PET/MRI approximately 1–2 h p.i. depending on the tracer used (68Ga-PSMA-11, 18F-PSMA-1007 or 18F-rhPSMA7). The scans were reconstructed in static and dynamic mode (6 equal frames capturing “late” PSMA dynamics). TACs were computed for detected lesions as well as linear regression plots against time for static (SUV) and dynamic (SUV, SUL, and percent injected dose per gram) parameters. All computed trends were tested for correlation with PSA and GS.

Results

Static and dynamic scans allowed unchanged lesion detection despite the difference in statistics. For all tracers, the lesions in the pelvic lymph nodes and bones had a mostly negative activity concentration trend (78% and 68%, resp.), while a mostly positive, stronger trend was found for the lesions in the prostate and prostatic fossa following RPE (84% and 83%, resp.). In case of 68Ga-PSMA-11, a strong negative (Rmin = − 0.62, Rmax = − 0.73) correlation was found between the dynamic parameters and the PSA. 18F-PSMA-1007 dynamic data showed no correlation with PSA, while for 18F-rhPSMA7 dynamic data, it was consistently low positive (Rmin = 0.29, Rmax = 0.33). All tracers showed only moderate correlation against GS (Rmin = 0.41, Rmax = 0.48). The static parameters showed weak correlation with PSA (Rmin = 0.24, Rmax = 0.36) and no correlation with GS.

Conclusion

“Late” dynamic PSMA data provided additional insight into the PSMA kinetics. While a stable moderate correlation was found between the PSMA kinetics in pelvic lesions and GS, a significantly variable correlation with the PSA values was shown depending on the radiotracer used, the highest being consistently for 68Ga-PSMA-11. We reason that with such late dynamics, the PSMA kinetics are relatively stable and imaging could even take place at earlier time points as is now in the clinical routine.
Social support, religiosity, and quality of life among haemodialysis patients in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Asiri Waddah Alalmaei , Asiri Anas Ali Hadi , Almutlaq Ahmed Hussain , Almutairi Khalid Hussein , Alotaibi Abdulelah Eid , Alshahrani Mohammed Saad , Hassan Emad Eldin Abdelfattah
Published: April 2023

Background

Chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis (HD) experience negative consequences in the quality of life (QOL), which is affected by factors such as perceived social support and spirituality/religiosity. The purpose of the study was to assess perceived social support, religiosity, and QOL among HD patients in Aseer, Saudi Arabia.

Results

A total of 162 HD patients were included in the study. Patient ages ranged from 18 to 64 years with mean age 44.6 ± 11.9. Duration of HD was <5 years among 41.4% of patients, and ≥10 years in 21%. Perceived social support was high among 79.6% of patients. Religiosity score ranged from 26 to 52 (out of 65) with mean score 36.6 ± 5.2. There was a significant correlation between perceived social support, religiosity, and the life satisfaction domain of QOL (P<0.05).

Conclusions

High perceived social support alongside high religiosity had a significant effect on patients’ life satisfaction domain of health-related QOL (HRQOL). Therefore, social support and religiosity assessment are important in HD patient care. Further studies should assess the benefit of religious/spiritual counselling as part of a holistic multi-disciplinary approach.
Maternal hypovitaminosis D presenting as late-onset hypocalcemic seizure in a term neonate: a case report
Authors: Mallick Achinta Kumar , Yadav Raj Kumar , Sannalli Kiran , Bewal Nitul Mohan
Published: April 2023

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is a known morbidity among pregnant women. Maternal hypovitaminosis D results in poor fetal transplacental vitamin D accretion and decreased stores in the neonate. This in turn may lead to hypocalcemia in neonates, having presentations from being asymptomatic and tremors to hypocalcemic seizures. There are fewer case reports of hypocalcemic neonatal seizures as a result of maternal vitamin D deficiency.

Case presentation

A term male neonate developed multiple episodes of multifocal seizures on day six of life associated with hypocalcemia. He was also found to have hyperphosphatemia, raised alkaline phosphatase, and elevated parathormone levels with normal serum magnesium and renal function tests. Neonate and maternal serum vitamin D3 levels were also low. A diagnosis of late-onset hypocalcemic seizure secondary to maternal hypovitaminosis D was made and the baby made an uneventful recovery with parenteral calcium and oral vitamin D supplementation. On follow-up with therapy, the baby remained asymptomatic with normal serum calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D3 levels.

Conclusion

Hypovitaminosis D must also be considered as a contributing factor for late-onset hypocalcemic seizure in neonates.
Comparison of cardiogenic NEC and classical NEC in the fourth level neonatal intensive care center
Authors: Öztaş Tülin , Bilici Salim , Okur Nilüfer Matur
Published: April 2023

Background

The most common inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder in newborn infants is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Despite the multifactorial etiology of NEC, its pathogenesis is the same regardless of the etiology—a decrease in enteric perfusion that results in enteritis, dysmotility, necrosis, and sepsis. This study aims to evaluate whether the characteristics of NEC in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are different from those of classical NEC.

The records of 39 NEC patients were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the presence or absence of CHD, the patients were divided into two groups. The group with NEC and CHD was named cardiogenic NEC and the other group was named classical NEC. The two groups were compared in terms of mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, age at onset of NEC, surgical treatment rate, NEC localization, and mortality rate.

Results

The cardiogenic NEC group consisted of 25 patients, and the classical NEC group consisted of 14 patients. The results indicate that there were no differences between the two groups in terms of sex, mode of delivery, and location of the NEC. There were higher levels of gestational age, birth weight, and age at which NEC was diagnosed in the cardiogenic group. The mortality rate of the cardiogenic NEC group (72%) was higher than that of the classical NEC group (28.6%). In addition, the surgical treatment rate of the cardiogenic NEC group (84%) was higher than that of the classical NEC group (57.2%).

Conclusions

The clinical course of NECs with CHD is different from that of classical NEC. In NEC, CHD can be identified as an important risk factor.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in depressed patients with suicidal behavior: A systematic review
Authors: Velasco A , Lengvenyte A , Rodriguez-Revuelta J , Jimenez-Treviño L , Courtet P , Garcia-Portilla MP , Bobes J , Sáiz PA
Published: April 2023

Background

Inflammatory biomarkers are reportedly increased in depressed patients. Several studies have been conducted using neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR). The objective of this systematic review was to study the relationship between these peripheral biomarkers and suicidality in depressed patients with/without suicidal behavior, including suicide attempts and ideation, and healthy controls.

Methods

We searched the following relevant terms in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases published in the last 5 years. We assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Oxford criteria and reviewed the evidence following PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Eleven studies were retained for the data synthesis, with a total sample of 1,701 participants, of which the majority (819) were patients with depression and suicidal behavior, 494 were depressed patients without suicidal behavior, and only 388 were healthy participants. Our results reinforce the idea that NLR could be an attractive, convenient, and cost-effective trait marker of suicidal vulnerability in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Conclusion

Future large-scale replication studies are needed to examine the apparently understudied role of PLR and MLR in depressed patients in greater depth.
Alkaline Phosphatase and Hyperphosphatasemia in Vitamin D Trial in Healthy Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Pontán Freja , Hauta-alus Helena , Valkama Saara , Rosendahl Jenni , Enlund-Cerullo Maria , Andersson Sture , Mäkitie Outi , Holmlund-Suila Elisa
Published: April 2023

Context

Childhood hyperphosphatasemia is usually transient and may be associated with infections. It remains less well known how hyperphosphatasemia is related to growth and bone mineralization.

Objective

We explored alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations and prevalence of hyperphosphatasemia, and their association with vitamin D, growth, infections, and bone parameters in healthy children.

Methods

The study was a secondary analysis of a vitamin D intervention trial. Participants received vitamin D3 10 or 30 µg daily from age 2 weeks to 2 years. Children with data on ALP at 12 and/or 24 months (n = 813, girls 51.9%) were included. Anthropometrics and bone parameters were measured at 12 and 24 months. Infections were recorded prospectively by the parents.

Results

Boys had higher ALP than girls at 12 months (median [IQR] 287 [241-345] U/L vs 266 [218-341] U/L; P = .02). At 24 months concentrations were lower than at 12 months (240 [202-284]; P < .001) but without sex difference. The prevalence of hyperphosphatasemia (ALP > 1000 U/L) at 12 months was 5.3% and at 24 months 0.6%. Body size, growth rate, and bone mineral content associated positively with ALP, while vitamin D intervention had no effect. Infants with hyperphosphatasemia were smaller than infants with ALP ≤ 1000 U/L. Hyperphosphatasemia was not associated with previous infections.

Conclusion

Approximately 5% of infants had hyperphosphatasemia at 12 months, but <1% at 24 months. ALP concentrations and hyperphosphatasemia were associated with sex, anthropometry, and bone mineralization. Infections did not contribute to hyperphosphatasemia.
Targeted Axillary Dissection with 125I Seed Placement Before Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in a Danish Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Munck Frederikke , Andersen Inge S. , Vejborg Ilse , Gerlach Maria K. , Lanng Charlotte , Kroman Niels T. , Tvedskov Tove H. F.
Published: April 2023

Background

Targeted axillary dissection (TAD), with marking of the metastatic lymph node before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), is increasingly used for breast cancer axillary staging. In the case of axillary pathological complete response (ax-pCR), axillary lymph node clearance can be omitted. Several marking methods exist, most using re-marking before surgery. Feasibility, learning curve, and identification rate (IR) vary. Marking with 125I seed before NACT makes re-marking at surgery redundant, possibly increasing feasibility and IR. Here, TAD with 125I seed placed before NACT is evaluated in a Danish multicenter cohort.

Methods

Patients staged with 125I TAD in Denmark between 1 January 2016 and 31 August 2021 were included. Patients were identified in radioactivity-emitting implant registries at the radiology departments and from the Danish Breast Cancer Group database. Data were extracted from patients’ medical records. Information on patient/tumor characteristics, 125I seed activity, marking period, TAD success, number of sentinel nodes (SNs), the histopathological status of excised nodes, and whether the marked lymph node (MLN) was an SN were registered.

Results

142 patients were included. The IR of the MLN was 99.3%, and the IR of the SLNB was 91.5%. TAD success was 91.5%. Minor challenges in marking or removal of the MLN were noted in three patients. In 72.3% of the patients, the MLN was a sentinel node. Overall, 40.8% had axillary pCR.

Conclusion

TAD with 125I seed marking before NACT is feasible without re-marking at surgery and with only minor surgical challenges. The IR is high. Staging with TAD spares 41% of breast cancer patients an axillary dissection.
Impact of Sanctions Restrictions on Telecommunication Industry Development
Authors: Sysoev P.
Published: April 2023

The article provides an analysis of the impact of sanctions against Russian Federation due to its special military operation in Ukraine territory on telecommunication industry. Also the issues and perspectives of development of telecommunication industry and government support measures are considered.
Innovation Activity of Russian Regions: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Cherednichenko Larisa , Nikolayan A.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of innovative development of Russian regions. The place of Russia in the global ranking in terms of innovation is shown. The problem of interregional inequality in the level of innovative development is identified and the factors that negatively affect the demand for innovation in the regions of Russia are identified. Some measures to reduce interregional inequality in the field of innovation are proposed.
Development of Innovative Technologies of the Hotel Industry in Conditions of Geopolitical Instability
Authors: Ivanova A.
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the features of the development of innovative technologies in the hotel industry in the context of geopolitical instability. The author substantiates the specifics of the innovative development of enterprises in the hotel industry under sanctions, conducts a content analysis of the information space in the vector of expert assessments of the impact of sanctions on the intensity of the use of innovations in the process of functioning of the hotel business, highlights the main «pain points» of the impact of sanctions on the dynamics of the level of innovative activity of organizations in the hotel industry , the prospects for the innovative development of hotels in the current geopolitical environment are indicated. The paper concludes that the sanctions of unfriendly countries have had a serious but critical impact on the use of innovative technologies in the hotel business. The most destructive impact of sanctions was revealed in the segments of the application of innovative green technologies and the introduction of modern digital platform solutions. The prospects for innovative development of the country’s hotel sector are seen in expanding the use of domestic developments by increasing the digital sovereignty of the state, in reorienting the vector of partnerships in the field of innovation from West to East, as well as in the parallel import mechanism legalized by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Tax incentives for Investment Activities
Authors: Staroverova O.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the main instruments of tax incentives for investment activities in the Russian Federation; the analysis of the main mechanisms of tax incentives for investment activity is given; the instruments of tax incentives for investment activities in foreign countries are analyzed, ways of improvement are proposed within the framework of state support for tax incentives for investment activities.
Digitalization of state authorities interaction with small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Borovkova G. , Bulatova G.
Published: April 2023

The authors of the article assess the state of the small and medium-sized business sector in the Russian Federation in 2019-2022. The nature of interaction between state authorities and business entities is also considered on the example of the «My Business» centers (based on information about the activities of the Fund of business support of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2019-2021). Particular attention is paid to the digital platform of SMEs launched in 2022 and the services included in it. The conclusion is made about the need to digitalize the interaction of the state with entrepreneurs, as this reduces the distance between business and the state, contributes to better and more effective communication.
The Global Crisis and Commodity Markets: Analysis, Trends, Prospects, Risks
Authors: Dyevyatkin O.
Published: April 2023

Based on various statistical and analytical sources, the article analyzes the current state and main trends of commodity markets. It shows the importance and role of commodities in the gross product and budget of the country. The main groups of commodity markets are classified according to their specific weight. The contribution of the most important energy and non-energy commodities in the country's economy is considered. Based on the analysis, conclusions and prospects are made, and the main risks in the current crisis are identified. Proposals for ways out of the difficult situation were made. It is noted that the crisis can play a positive role in the removal of disparities and contradictions and reaching a new long-term level of development.
The Impact of International Sanctions on Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in the Russian Federation
Authors: Bykova O. , Garnova V. , Smirnova A. , Ter-Ovanesov D.
Published: April 2023

The year 2022 brought new challenges to the Russian economy: due to the aggravation of the political situation, several packages of sanctions were imposed on the country’s economy. The vast majority of the world’s major economies, including the EU countries and the United States, have joined the economic sanctions against Russia. Of course, Russia is taking retaliatory measures and imposing counter-sanctions. The current situation has significant long-term consequences for the entire global economy, and of course affects the small business sector. The article gives the priority of the development of the SME sector for the Russian state, the issues of analyzing the current situation of small business in Russia are of particular relevance. In this article, the authors explore the hypothesis about the impact of international economic sanctions on the Russian small and medium-sized business sector, based on statistics on various indicators, evaluating government support measures, and studying other factors that have an impact.
Development of a Methodology for Assessing and the Impact of Tax Evasion on Industrial Entities
Authors: Valeeva Yu. , Garipova G. , Golicina L.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of tax evasion, its consequences and ways to measure it. The task includes a fundamental theoretical analysis of the study of the methodological part, focused on the indicator of fiscal pressure. In the paper, the authors presented the causal relationships between taxation, fiscal pressure and tax evasion, as these phenomena are measured at the macro- and microeconomic levels. In examining the causes and consequences of tax evasion at the country and organization/entity levels, the researchers mentioned financial position, financial performance and cash flow as elements to reduce tax fraud. For this, various formulas for calculating tax pressure and tax evasion were established, presented and systematized to reduce tax pressure through the financial results of the entity’s activities.
On the Dynamics of the Development of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Russian Federation at the Present Stage
Authors: Oreshkin M.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the dynamics of the development of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation for the period from 2019 to 2022 years. Special attention is paid to the correlation of social and political factors with business activity. The analysis is based on the data of the Federal tax service on the number of created and closed legal entities. In particular, the dynamics of various types of closure of legal entities is considered in detail. The author revealed that the changes in the dynamics of business development over the selected period are most associated with the initiative of the Federal Tax Service against inactive or fictitious businesses, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as measures to support business introduced by the government.
Efficient Employment Systems: Finnish Experience
Authors: Garnov Andrey , Dushko D.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to issues related to the employment of Finnish citizens, as well as the processes of their retraining and integration. In this paper, various indicators are considered and analyzed both in the socio-economic context and in other spheres of Finnish life, such as education. In addition, important features that affect both the labor market and the entire economy of the country as a whole are highlighted. It is concluded that, despite its small population relative to Europe, limited natural resources and a number of economic difficulties, Finland trains some of the best specialists in various professional fields every year and pays special attention to the employment of its citizens.
Analytical Tools for Focusing the University on the Strategy of Increasing Competitiveness
Authors: SANDLER D
Published: April 2023

This article presents the results of the author’s research of university development programs presented by the participants of the Strategic Academic Leadership Program “Priority 2030”. The analysis of strategic projects and indicators of 187 universities allowed us to form a logic for evaluating and choosing alternative strategies, a matrix for assessing the resource intensity of achieving indicators in the context of key processes for developing strategic measures, as well as a matrix for coordinating the policy of the organization of strategic management, knowledge management and financial and economic policy of the university.
Polycentric defense, Ukraine style: explaining Ukrainian resilience against invasion
Authors: Alshamy Yahya , Coyne Christopher J. , Goodman Nathan P. , Wood Garrett
Published: April 2023

Contrary to predictions by many experts, Ukraine’s military has been resilient in the face of the Russian government’s invasion. Drawing on the logic of polycentric defense, this article helps explain how Ukraine has remained resistant against a conventionally more powerful adversary. We argue that polycentric defense in Ukraine has four benefits that aid counteroffensive efforts against invasion. First, polycentric defense facilitates the use of local and context-specific knowledge. Second, it permits competition, experimentation, and flexibility. Third, it reduces single-point failure vulnerabilities. Fourth, it encourages a wide variety of individuals to join the armed forces and contribute to the war effort. We present evidence of the benefits of polycentric defense in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine.
Tannic acid, an IL-1β-direct binding compound, ameliorates IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation by hindering IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction
Authors: Lee Hae-Ri , Jeong Young-Jin , Lee Joong-Woon , Jhun JooYeon , Na Hyun Sik , Cho Keun-Hyung , Kim Seok Jung , Cho Mi-La , Heo Tae-Hwe
Published: April 2023

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the most potent pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in a wide range of autoinflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and degenerative diseases. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing therapeutic molecules that inhibit IL-1β-IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) interaction for the treatment of IL-1-related diseases. Among IL-1-related diseases, osteoarthritis (OA), is characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, chondrocyte inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Tannic acid (TA) has been proposed to have multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. However, it is unclear whether TA plays a role in anti-IL-1β activity by blocking IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction in OA. In this study, we report the anti-IL-1β activity of TA in the progression of OA in both in vitro human OA chondrocytes and in vivo rat OA models. Herein, using-ELISA-based screening, natural compound candidates capable of inhibiting the IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction were identified. Among selected candidates, TA showed hindering IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction by direct binding to IL-1β using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. In addition, TA inhibited IL-1β bioactivity in HEK-Blue IL-1-dependent reporter cell line. TA also inhibited IL-1β-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in human OA chondrocytes. Moreover, TA downregulated IL-1β-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3, MMP13, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)4, and ADAMTS5, while upregulating collagen type II (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN). Mechanistically, we confirmed that TA suppressed IL-1β-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation. The protective effects of TA were also observed in a monosodium iodoacetamide (MIA)-induced rat OA model by reducing pain and cartilage degradation and inhibiting IL-1β-mediated inflammation. Collectively, our results provide evidence that TA plays a potential role in OA and IL-1β-related diseases by hindering IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction and suppressing IL-1β bioactivity.
Causes and characteristics of unexpected sudden cardiac death in octogenarians/nonagenarians
Authors: Puolitaival Elisa , Vähätalo Juha , Holmström Lauri , Haukilahti M. Anette E. , Pakanen Lasse , Ukkola Olavi H. , Junttila M. Juhani , Huikuri Heikki V. , Perkiömäki Juha S.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) increases with ageing.

Methods

We evaluated causes and characteristics of unexpected SCD in SCD victims aged ≥ 80 years in a consecutive series of 5,869 SCD victims in Northern Finland. All the victims underwent medico-legal autopsy as medico-legal autopsy is mandatory in cases of unexpected sudden death in Finland. All the non-cardiac deaths such as pulmonary embolism and cerebral hemorrhage were excluded from the study, as were unnatural deaths such as intoxications.

Results

Among SCD victims ≥ 80 years, 91.0% of SCDs were due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) determined in autopsy and 9.0% due to non-ischemic heart disease (NIHD), whereas among those < 80 years, only 72.6% of SCDs were due to IHD and 27.4% due to NIHD (P < .001). Severe fibrosis in myocardium was more common whereas heart weight and liver weight, body mass index and abdominal fat thickness, were lower among SCD victims aged ≥ 80 years than among victims aged < 80 years. In those with IHD as etiology of SCD, at least 75% stenosis in one or more major coronary vessels was more common in SCD victims aged ≥ 80 years than among victims aged < 80 years (P = .001). SCD victims 80 years or older were less likely to die during physical activity than those under 80 years old (5.6% vs. 15.9%, P < .001). Dying in sauna was more common among those ≥ 80 years than among those < 80 years (5.5% vs. 2.6%, P < .001).

Conclusion

In victims of unexpected SCD aged ≥ 80 years, the autopsy-based etiology of SCD was more commonly IHD than in those aged < 80 years. In SCD victims aged ≥ 80 years, severe fibrosis in myocardium, representing arrhythmic substrate, was more common than in the younger ones.
Mathematical Modelling of the Parameters of Braided Textile Tapes
Authors: Romaniuk Ievgeniia , Garanina Olga , Red'ko Yana , Borshchevska Natalia , Serhiy Serhiy Kamenets , Viktoriia Kernesh
Published: April 2023

Braided textile materials are widely used in many industries and agriculture. Braided tapes are used for domestic purposes, in the food industry, in construction, in medicine, in aircraft manufacturing, in electrical engineering, etc. Every braided product must correspond to a unique group of parameters and properties, depending on the initial manufacturing parameters. The production of braided tapes is still insufficiently explored. In the process of designing and manufacturing products with specified parameters, it is necessary to substantiate the formation of braided products. The manufacture of products with specific parameters and properties, and the creation of rational technological modes for that production represent urgent scientific issues to be addressed. One way to solve this problem is to conduct factorial experiments. This article thus presents the results of a factorial experiment, during which the following input parameters were determined based on preliminary studies: type of raw material, the linear density of raw materials and speed of removal of the product from the formation zone. The following were chosen as output parameters: breaking load, breaking elongation, the linear density of tapes, product width and the number of strands per 10 mm. The limits of factor variation were determined for four types of raw materials. Based on the results of the processing of the obtained experimental data, linear mathematical models were developed. The results of the verification of mathematical models indicated that they adequately describe the process of braiding tapes within the intervals determined by the conditions of the experiment. We thus established a connection between the factors of the braiding process and the properties of braided tapes.
GİRİŞİMCİ LİDERLİK: KAVRAM, İLİŞKİ VE YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: DEMİR Filiz
Published: April 2023

Liderlik kavramının tarihi insanlık tarihi kadar geçmişe dayanmaktadır ancak her geçen gün gelişen ve değişen ihtiyaçlarla birlikte ortaya çıkan talepleri karşılayacak farklı liderlik türleri de ortaya çıkmaktadır. 21.yüzyılın itici gücü haline gelen girişimciliğin liderlikle birleşiminden oluşan girişimci liderlik kavramı da son zamanlarda öne çıkan liderlik türlerindendir. Girişimci liderlik, ulusal yazında sık rastlanmasa da uluslararası yazında oldukça popüler ve merak uyandıran, araştırılan bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Ona rağmen alanda model, ilişki ve yaklaşımlar gibi konularda birtakım araştırma boşlukları bulunmaktadır. Literatürde girişimci liderliğin bu dinamikler açısından sınırlı bir inceleme alanı bulmuş olması bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı; girişimci liderliğin oluşumunun kavramsal, teorik ve yapısal açıdan kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilip, anlaşılmasının sağlanmasının dışında; girişimci liderliğin özellik, model ve diğer liderlik türleri ile ilişkisi bakımından açıklanmasıdır. Özellikle yerli yazındaki boşluğun doldurulması hususunda önem arz eden çalışmada, nitel araştırma tekniklerinden olan kavramsal inceleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, girişimci liderlik model ve yaklaşımlarının gerek kuramsal araştırmacılar gerekse örgütsel yaşamda yer alan yöneticiler ve iş görenler açısından önemi çerçevesinde değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
II. MEŞRUTİYET DÖNEMİNDE İŞÇİ SORUNLARINA MİLLİ BAKIŞ AÇISIYLA YAKLAŞAN BİR DERGİ: SAY U AMEL
Authors: DEMİR Kenan
Published: April 2023

II. Meşrutiyetin ilan edilmesiyle basında bir canlanmaya yaşanmış ard ardına birçok yayın çıkmıştır. Bu süreli yayımlar ülkenin sorunları hakkında görüş belirtmiş ve halkı bu konuda bilgilendirmiştir. Yayımların değindiği ya da çıkış amacının nedenlerinden biri de ülkenin iktisadi sorunlarıdır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin iktisaden geri olması ve kalkınmak için birçok iktisadi girişimde bulunması iktisadi konuların basında genişçe yer almasına neden olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda 1910’da Say u Amel dergisi çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı derginin tüm sayıları incelenerek yayım politikasını belirlemektir. Say u Amel, bir işçi dergisi olmasına karşın tüm iktisadi sorunlarına değinmiş ve çözüm önerileri getirmiştir. Say u Amel iktisadi ve işçi sorunları milli bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmiş ve sosyalizmi savunmamıştır. Ilımlı sosyalizm hakkında okurlarını bilgilendirmiş ve işçi sorunlarını enternasyonel değil milli bakış açısıyla değerlendirmiştir. Dergide işçi sorunları yanında sanayi, sermaye, eğitim ve tarım gibi birçok iktisadi konuda yazılar görülmüş ve bu konular da milli iktisat bakış açısıyla verilmiştir. Dergide yazı yazan ve sosyalist olarak bilinen Ethem Nejad ve Mustafa Suphi halen sosyalist olmamış, İttihat ve Terakki’yle yakın bağları olan Türkçü aydınlardır. Derginin yazar kadrosunda aynı zaman da A. Ferid ve Ahmet Agayef gibi diğer
TÜRKİYE’DE OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN KAYNAŞTIRILMASINA YÖNELİK YAPILMIŞ ARAŞTIRMALARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SÜMER ÖNCEL Sibel
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı 2010-2022 yıllarında otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan kaynaştırma öğrencilerine yönelik Türkiye’de hazırlanan tezlerin ve makalelerin yıllara, üniversitelere, enstitülere, alanlarına, katılımcılara, araştırma modeline, veri ölçme araçlarına göre değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi aracılığıyla 13 teze Dergipark, Google scholar sistemi üzerinden de konu ile ilgili 5 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan araştırmalar çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir. 12 yıl içinde otizmli çocukların kaynaştırılmasına yönelik toplamda 18 araştırmanın yapılmış olması bu alana yönelik araştırmaların istenilen seviyede olmadığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak OSB’li çocukların kaynaştırılmasına yönelik yapılmış çalışmaların sayısının az olduğu ve bu kapsamda yapılan araştırmaların öğretmenlerin görüşlerine yönelik çalışmalar olduğu görülmektedir.