bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Radiation Protection Measures to Minimize Occupational Radiation Exposure from C-arm Fluoroscopy During Common Orthopaedic Surgical Procedures
Authors: Liyanage Liyanage R. S. , Wickramarathne Hiran T. , Kalpana Pahala Ranaweerage U. , Hewavithana Padma B.
Published: April 2023

Background: Modern fluoroscopic C-arms have substantially expanded the use of fluoroscopic C-arms in a variety of orthopaedic surgical procedures. Fluoroscopy professionals who are exposed to radiation for an extended period of time have an increased risk of developing radiation-induced cancer. The study aimed to evaluate the radiation protection precautions taken by theater staff in two selected hospitals to reduce occupational radiation doses during fluoroscopy-guided common orthopaedic surgeries. Methods: After examining the theatre records for three months in two selected hospitals in Sri Lanka, the three major orthopaedic surgeries for both hospitals were selected (Dynamic Hip Screw, Tibial Plateau Fracture, and Distal Radial Fracture). The study used a checklist for an unbiased observation, containing the internationally recommended guidelines for Fluoroscopy inside an interventional suit published in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 139 publication to check whether the theatre personnel followed the radiation protective measures during their procedures. Results: Fluoroscopy technical-based protective measures and the quality assurance-related criteria were satisfied to a 100% level. Both hospitals, A and B, did not have an adequate number of lead shielding devices to be utilized in theatres. A lack of individual exposure monitoring and the use of two dosimeters were identified as the main problems. Conclusions: The staff of both hospitals adhered to the standard international guidelines on radiation protection during C-arm guided orthopaedic surgeries despite the unavailability of a proper personal monitoring system.
Screen Time and Level of Perceived Stress Among Students of University of Peradeniya During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Muthukumarana Chammi , Jayasinghe Chamoda , Pavithra Thiruchelvam , Nusky Mohomad , Rosan Mohamed , Prasanna Indrajith , Senadheera Vindya , Abeysundara Sachith
Published: April 2023

Background: In this digital age, the use of screens has become an essential part of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the use of screens, especially among students. This study aimed to find the association between screen time and the level of perceived stress among students of University of Peradeniya during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a pretested questionnaire consisting of the 18-item screen time questionnaire and perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaire was distributed among all the undergraduate students of the University of Peradeniya at the time of the study, via email, and a representative sample (N = 387, mean age = 22.964 ± 1.818 years) was selected from the responses received. Results: Mean screen time was found to be 13h 27 min± 4h 52 min, and the most used screen type among males was laptop/computer, and among females, smartphone. The mean perceived stress of the sample was 20.499 ± 5.393. Spearman correlation for screen time and perceived stress showed a significant weak positive correlation (Spearman rho = 0.132, p = 0.009) between screen time and perceived stress. Neither screen time nor perceived stress was associated with gender [F (1, 385) = 1.05, p = 0.307]. Conclusions: Most students have moderate perceived stress, and the study shows a significant weak positive correlation between screen time and perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was observed that perceived stress is not significantly deviate from pre-pandemic values. Longitudinal studies for assessing perceived stress are necessary to find a cause-effect relationship.
Psychological aspect of common people during lockdown
Authors: Chaklader Biswajit , Srivastava Kajal , Rathod Hetal , Banerjee Amitav
Published: April 2023

Background:

Lockdown was implemented to restrict the transmission of COVID-19. This brought upon many unforeseen hurdles, including mental health problems.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of lockdown on mental health.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using Google Form, which the participants were requested to complete online. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information and general health questionnaire (GHQ)-12, which was used to screen for mental health.

Results:

A total of 343 participants took part in the study in which 113 participants (32.9%) were having GHQ score of less than or equal to 12. The study showed that people aged less than 41 years were able to concentrate more during lockdown (75.6%) as compared to people aged more than 41 years (65%). Younger participants who were less than 41 years reported sleep disorders associated with late-night entertainment and TV viewing (24.5%). Many experienced stress during lockdown, but it was more in people over 60 years (63.7%).

Conclusions:

An appreciable proportion of the participants faced stress during lockdown. Elderly people were more affected. Sleeping disorders were associated with late-night entertainment and TV viewing in younger people.
Mental health impact of COVID-19 among health-care workers
Authors: Chauhan V. S. , Chatterjee Kaushik , Yadav Arun Kumar , Srivastava Kalpana , Prakash Jyoti , Yadav Prateek , Dangi Ankit
Published: April 2023

Background:

Health-care workers (HCWs) in COVID-19 pandemic have faced the major impact in providing care to infected persons. Most of the studies on mental health impact among HCW have not incorporated paramedical staff. Furthermore, they have not compared psychological morbidity among HCW on the basis of high COVID exposure (HCE) and low COVID exposure (LCE). To address the above gap, this study aimed at evaluating mental health impact among HCW and its associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive 200 HCWs each in the HCE and LCE groups (between the age group of 18 and 60 years) were enrolled from two tertiary care hospitals providing COVID-19 treatment from August 1, 2020. After collection of sociodemographic data, participants were administered Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale.

Results:

The difference in stress, depression, and anxiety symptom scores between the HCE and LCE groups was not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis revealed that female sex was associated with higher scores in all the three domains. The effect remained significant even after adjusting for effect of other risk factors.

Conclusion:

HCE or LCE was associated with similar impact in terms of stress, depression, and anxiety among HCWs. Female HCWs had a higher prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety. Doctors, nurses, and paramedics had a similar prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety when odds were adjusted.
Characteristics of auditory hallucinations in Indian patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Dhakne Rajesh S. , Ali Tahoora , Yadav Arun Singh , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel
Published: April 2023

Background:

Auditory verbal hallucinations are not a unitary phenomenon and can be further differentiated into certain clinical characteristics, viz., frequency, intensity, control, tone, distractibility, distress, and clarity. These clinical characteristics manifest in varying degrees in different psychiatric disorders.

Aim:

To study the characteristics of auditory hallucinations in Indian patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.

Materials and Methods:

By purposive sampling, 140 patients of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder each were included in the study. Subjects were assessed cross-sectionally using sociodemographic proforma and characteristics of auditory hallucination scale.

Results:

Characteristics of auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia patients were significantly different from those of bipolar affective disorder patients in the domains of frequency, intensity, tone, self-control, clarity, distractibility, and distress.

Conclusion:

Characteristics of auditory hallucinations differ in all domains between schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.
Quality of life and suicidal ideation in wives of men with alcohol dependence
Authors: Patkar Prajakta , Walia Tejvir Singh , Singh Ichpreet , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel , Diwan Chetan
Published: April 2023

Background:

Addiction to alcohol not only affects the quality of life of the individual abusing it but also of the people living with them. Enormous research has been done on various aspects of alcoholism, but the lives of their caretakers are always considered secondary by society and researchers alike. Very few studies have been done on wives of alcoholic men in the Indian settings.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the quality of life and suicide ideation in wives of men with alcohol dependence.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. A study group of 50 wives of men with alcohol dependence were included in the study along with an age-matched control group of 50 wives of nonalcoholic men without any medical comorbidities. They were assessed by the perceived quality of life scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-revised and the results were then correlated.

Results:

Results revealed poorer perceived quality of life in the study group than in controls. The wives of alcoholic men scored significantly more on depression as compared to control group but not on anxiety. Suicidal ideation and attempts were significantly more common in wives of men dependent on alcohol.

Conclusion:

Alcohol dependence in the husbands is associated with poorer quality of life and higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation in their wives.
Geophagia
Authors: Singh Ichpreet , Singh Pawel , Patkar Prajakta , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel
Published: April 2023

Geophagia, a form of pica, is often associated with iron and zinc deficiency. However, a number of environmental, cultural, and psychological factors are also implicated. Pica in children is common with those having intellectual disability. In adults, it is most commonly associated with pregnancy. No specific screening tests for pica exist, but many nutritional and psychological complications can be avoided by accurate and timely diagnosis. Even when pica is diagnosed, no proven treatments exist. Two patients who reported to the psychiatry outpatient department with habit of eating nonnutritive substances for a prolonged period associated with apprehension and decreased appetite are reported. Both the patients were diagnosed with adult pica and were treated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and psychotherapy with considerable improvement.
Management of psychotic and mood disorders in intellectual disability
Authors: Singh Pratishtha , Pooja V. , Khan Aslam , Javadekar Archana , Saldanha Daniel
Published: April 2023

People with intellectual disability (ID) have a greater frequency of psychiatric illnesses, ranging from 10% to 80%, as compared to the general population. It has been proven that mood stabilizers are beneficial in the management of behavior issues in people with ID. Here, we report a series of five cases with mild and moderate ID with behavioral disturbances including mood and psychotic symptoms managed successfully with sodium valproate as the part of the treatment.
COVID-19 lockdown – Blessing or disaster?
Authors: Dhamija Sana , Samudra Madhura , Davis Supriya , Gupta Nishtha , Chaudhury Suprakash
Published: April 2023

Despite the dubious results of the nationwide lockdown in India state after state continue to clamp lockdowns indiscriminately and claim that it is a panacea for all their ills. Unverified claims abound and myths are perpetuated without any basis. It is time to take a close look at the hard data and come to logical conclusions regarding the utility of prolonged open-ended lockdowns. Unfortunately, the evidence does not support the use of prolonged lockdowns as a useful strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gut–brain axis
Authors: Sharma Markanday , Prakash Jyoti , Yadav Prateek , Srivastava Kalpana , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: April 2023

Since decades, there is a change in concept of the gut–brain axis. There is differential increase in evidences focusing on the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain. It supports existence of far-reaching model of “gut–brain axis.” This axis is attaining more adherence to fields investigating biological and physiological footing of psychiatric, neuro-developmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. Many factors can change microbiota composition in early life as well as with the increasing age. Stress can affect the microbiota–gut–brain axis at every stages of life. Recent advances have involved the gut microbiota in many conditions including severe mental illness, autism, anxiety, obesity, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The current studies target on elaborating the underlying mechanisms of microbiota–gut–brain axis and attempt to exemplify intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Cannabis-induced psychosis masquerading schizophrenia or vice-versa? A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Sharma Rachit , Shah Ayushma
Published: April 2023

Clinical features of schizophrenia and cannabis-induced psychosis (CIP) share many overlapping characteristics. We present a case of Cannabis Dependence Syndrome, whose first presentation was with first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia in the form of thought insertion, withdrawal and delusion of control.
Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients and comparison with healthy individuals
Authors: Khan Aslam , Pooja V. , Chaudhury Suprakash , Bhatt Varsha , Saldanha Daniel
Published: April 2023

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling condition that results in considerable suffering and negatively impacts an individual's psychological, financial, social, and quality of life (QoL). Pain, fatigue, and disabilities, which may be considered as stress factors, are common challenges that may subsequently lead to psychological distress.

Aim:

Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and QoL in RA patients and Comparison with healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional analytical study included 50 RA patients who have reported to a tertiary health care center on outpatient basis and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. The study was conducted after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval and informed consent of the participants. Patients were assessed based on Disease Activity Score incorporating erythrocyte sedimentation rates, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DAS21), Health Assessment questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, and Multidimensional scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results:

Levels of anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with RA were significantly higher as compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RA patients had significantly lower scores on total social support, as well as social support of family and friends. However, there was no difference between RA patients and healthy controls on social support from significant others.

Conclusion:

Patients with RA had significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress and significantly lower levels of social support compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The therapeutic implications of these findings need further evaluation.
Polysubstance abuse in adolescence
Authors: Surati Love , Arya Aakanksha , Nehra Vedansh , Chaudhari Bhushan , Saldanha Daniel
Published: April 2023

Substance use and abuse in adolescents is a major public health concern in India where a high proportion of the population are in this age group. The most common substances used by adolescents are tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, but include a wider range of substances. Two patients with polysubstance abuse are presented. After initial detoxification, both were started with dialectical behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy along with family therapy; both have been on regular follow-up and currently maintaining well.
Anesthetic Considerations and Complications in Repair of Ruptured Common Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Firearm Injury
Authors: Mishra Namita , Kumar Madhav , Singh Soumya , Aman Atul , Qutub Danish
Published: April 2023

Incidence of injuries to the common carotid artery (CCA) is rare, but firearms can cause potentially lethal injuries to the vascular system, especially in the neck region. We present a case of gunshot injury to the neck caused by right CCA injury and formation of pseudoaneurysm which ruptured spontaneously and required immediate intervention and surgical repair. We discussed the anesthetic considerations and possible complications during the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Is Systemic Heparinization Beneficial in Arteriovenous Fistula Surgery? - Our Experience
Authors: Chakrabarti Amitabha , Bandyopadhyay Manujesh , Chakraborty Unmesh
Published: April 2023

Background:

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most preferred means to achieve vascular access for hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease patients. Systemic heparinization during surgery is a well-established practice to prevent thrombosis and maintain graft patency.

Patients and Methods:

All patients who underwent AVF surgery between November 2015 and October 2021 were evaluated. Systemic heparinization was deliberately avoided. They were followed up at 1 week and 4 weeks post-procedure.

Results:

Two hundred and fifty-six patients were reviewed. One hundred and fifty-one (58.98%) radiocephalic AVF were created while 105 (41.02%) had brachial-antecubital AVF. The mean duration of surgery was 54.5 ± 7.2 minutes while that of clamp time of artery was 16.3 ± 9.7 minutes. Two hundred and forty-seven (96.5%) had palpable thrill or bruit could be auscultated immediately after surgery. It remained the same after 1 week. Graft thrombosis was 3.5%. Eight (3.12%) did not have any thrill or bruit, and were concluded to have graft thrombosis when assessed at 4 weeks. Four patients (1.56%) needed repeat procedures, while seven (2.7%) had hematoma and two (0.7%) had infection. Statistical analysis showed all observed values to be significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This analysis revealed, systemic heparinization did not have any additional benefit on maintaining graft patency and preventing thrombosis. Their incidence was, in fact, much lower than that proven in standard literature and previous studies. Preventing adverse effects like hemorrhage is beneficial too. Larger studies are required to establish whether systemic heparin use is at all necessary in AVF surgery.
Specialist Embalming of Burnt Bodies in Nigeria using Porcine Analogues
Authors: Onyejike Darlington Nnamdi , Akukwu Darlington Cyprain , Idoniboye-Obu Soibitom Rossel , Onyejike Ifeoma Miracle , Agulanna Ambrose Echefulachi , Obiesie Ifechukwu Justicia , Aguwa Ugochukwu Samuel
Published: April 2023

Context:

Embalming of burnt bodies requires special attention. It also requires the restoration of distorted body structures. The difficulty in embalming burnt decomposing bodies in Anambra state, Nigeria led to this investigation; and hence, this pilot study provided suitable embalming methodology and fluid required to arrest early bloat stage of decomposition of burnt bodies using porcine models (Sus scrofa domestica).

Materials and Methods:

Animals were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early bloat stage of decomposition before embalming. The outcome of embalming was scored and recorded as post-embalming body score (PBS). A Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between the outcome of embalming and independent variables (embalming fluid volume, duration of embalming, atmospheric temperature, room temperature, and humidity).

Results:

The results showed that the independent variables that statistically affected the outcome of embalming include duration of embalming, embalming fluid volume, and room temperature. The independent variables that did not statistically affect the outcome of embalming include humidity and atmospheric temperature.

Conclusion:

An embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol, thymol, and water is suitable to arrest early decomposing burnt bodies via the arterial embalming technique, which is supplemented by hypodermic embalming technique.
Keloid Co-Existing with epidermoid Cyst in a Black Elderly Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Ilori Oluwatosin S. , Adekunle Adebayo Ayoade , Amao Abraham A. , Nnara Stanley O.
Published: April 2023

Keloid is an abnormal scar that can be due to tissue trauma or occur spontaneously. It commonly occurs in dark pigmented individuals with positive family history. Epidermoid cyst (EC) on the other hand is an adnexal cysts that contain keratin and stratified epithelium. The co-existence of both keloid and EC is rare and very few have been reported in the literature especially among the Negroids. The objective is to report a keloid mass co-existing with an EC in a Negroid elderly patient. A 76-year-old man presented with right sided upper back swelling of a year duration with no prior trauma or family history of keloid. Physical examination showed a 2 × 7 cm raised keloid scar with an intraoperative incidental finding of a 1 × 1 cm hemispheric epidermoidcyst. The significance of this case is in the rarity of co-existing keloid and EC especially in the elderly and Negroids.
A promising era of immediate esthetic rehabilitation
Authors: Solanki Neeti , Ramya S , Kumar Lakshya , Singh Mayank
Published: April 2023

The extraction of a tooth in the anterior region can result in resorption of alveolar bone around the socket, especially the buccal bone leading to horizontal as well as vertical bone loss. This makes rehabilitation in the anterior region an esthetically complex situation. To preserve the buccal bone, the root is bisected and buccal two-thirds is preserved in the socket. This is called socket shield technique. Immediate implant placement and immediate provisionalization yield an esthetically pleasing and more acceptable outcome.
Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma with aneurysmal bone cyst in the mandible
Authors: Konda Amarnath , Magesh D. P. Uma , Guntupalli Saichand , Kodi Shravan Teja
Published: April 2023

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare benign lesions seen as locally destructive, rapidly expansile, and mostly affecting the long bones and vertebrae. The association of ABCs with juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (PsJOF) is predominantly seen in the extra gnathic region, and it is extremely rare with only a few cases reported so far in the mandible. Here, we report one such case of a hybrid lesion in a 30-year-old male, who presented with a solitary swelling of the right mandible showing partial obliteration of lingual vestibular sulcus, which was histologically confirmed as PsJOF as a preexisting lesion, transforming into an ABC. Such hybrid lesions are usually misdiagnosed and have been sparsely reported in the literature.
Novel regimen of combined intralesional triamcinolone and salmon calcitonin nasal spray to treat a large central giant cell granuloma
Authors: Aurora Jitender Kumar , Chauhan Himanshu , Loomba Kapil , Potlia Ipshita
Published: April 2023

About 10% benign tumors of the jaw are known to be central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) affecting mandible more than maxilla. They are more commonly seen among young females, mean age range being 10–25 years. The aggressive variants of CGCG require surgical intervention, leaving colossal disfiguring defects. This being the reason for many nonsurgical alternative therapies as calcitonin injections and nasal spray, intralesional steroid injections and subcutaneous interferon injections advocated for its management. Although the exact success rate of using these nonsurgical therapies are not fully known, they provide the advantage of being conservative in nature, as majority of the patients are young adults. This lack of accurate regimen is due to paucity of randomized control trials and systematic reviews addressing the topic. This manuscript attempts to present a novel regimen protocol which was followed for a case of CGCG, right mandible on a 22-year-old female patient, for a period of 1.5 years and trailed by a follow-up of 2 years.
Frozen section detected perineural spread in a grossly normal nerve away from tumor changes the surgical plan in parotid cancer
Authors: Murali T. V. , Deepa S. , Afzal A. , Antony Amal V.
Published: April 2023

Perineural spread (PNS) through the facial nerve is a well-recognized pathway of spread in parotid cancers. Negative margins in the facial nerve are important in the total extirpation of cancer. We report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid which was involving only the upper temporofacial division of the facial nerve at the periphery clinically and per-operatively. The upper trunk was divided at about 3cm away from the tumor at its junction with the lower trunk and the nerve was grossly normal. To our surprise disease was extending at this distance as a PNS in the frozen section analysis. This unexpected finding made the resection margin positive and we had to sacrifice the main trunk of the facial nerve as back as possible in the parotidectomy field for a negative margin in the nerve which was confirmed with frozen section again. The case emphasizes the importance of microscopic margin assessment of facial nerve in parotid cancers with the involvement of nerve at branches, even if imaging is negative or gross disease is not seen at the cut end or distant from the tumor-involved area.
Treatment outcomes in poor metabolizers of cytochrome P450 2A6 with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head- and neck-squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Aggarwal Deepa , Singh Sudhir , Ali Mohammad , Singh Abhay , Srivastava Kirti , Gupta Rajeev , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma , Devi Seema
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Human Cytochrome 2A6 (CYP2A6) is involved in the oxidative metabolism of the nicotine to the inactive cotinine. CYP2A6 is a primary enzyme in nicotine metabolism, the enzyme has been proposed as a novel target for smoking cessation.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 70 male patients of locally advanced head- and neck-squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by histopathological examination were enrolled in this study. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (total dose of 70 Gray in 35 fractions in 7 weeks with concurrent tablet capecitabine 1250 mg/m2/day). Response assessment was based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumor criteria. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from the whole blood of all patients by TRI REAGENT BD (SIGMA USA) followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay which was done in studying messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Excision Repair Cross Complementation Group 1 in blood lymphocytes of patient.

Results:

The most common stage prevalent was Stage IV A in 28 (56%) patients followed by Stage III in 16 (32%) patients. Out of 70, 20 (28.6%) patients defaulted for treatment, so the analysis was done in 56 patients. A total of 19 (34%) patients had a complete response (CR) and 17 (30%) patients had no response. In all the patients who had CR, posttreatment relative quantification (RQ) expression levels were high. Among nonresponders only three had higher RQ folds and the rest 14 had lower RQ folds.

Conclusion:

Posttreatment expression levels of CYP2A6 were found to be a better predictor for tumor response to the treatment than the pretreatment expression levels. Almost all the patients having higher RQ folds had CR and those having lower RQ folds had either no response or progressive disease on follow-up visits.
Are olfactory and gustatory symptoms useful at predicting disease severity markers in COVID-19 infection?
Authors: Falaki Mojgan , Abdi Saeed , Shafiei Shervin , Moslemi Mohammadreza , Nobar Behrad Rahbani , Tabrizi Reza , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Moslemi Hamidreza
Published: April 2023

Context:

The relationship between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) and COVID-19 infection severity is still unclear.

Aim:

To investigate the correlation between OGD in COVID-19-infected individuals and RT-PCR results, chest CT scan abnormality, lymphocyte counts, hospital admission units, age, body temperature, and blood oxygen saturation.

Setting and Design:

Case–control study.

Materials and Methods:

The sample was composed of laboratory and chest X-ray confirmed COVID-19-infected patients from four hospitals. The patients were divided into case and control groups based on the presence of OGD symptoms. The predictor variable was OGD. The outcome variable was gender, hospital admission unit, chest CT scan abnormality, PCR, lymphocyte counts, age, body temperature, and blood oxygen saturation.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Bivariate statistics were computed and the P value was set at 0.05.

Results:

The sample consisted of 189 patients. Smell and taste disorders were found in 31.7% and 24.3% of patients, respectively. OGD was significantly correlated with positive PCR results (P < 0.001) and general unit admission (P < 0.05) during hospitalization. Additionally, patients with OGD had significantly lower mean age (P < 0.001), higher body temperature (P < 0.01), and blood oxygen saturation (P < 0.01). However, OGD was not correlated with gender, chest CT scan abnormality, or lymphocyte counts (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

OGD symptoms can be used to detect COVID-19-infected patients. OGD can be used to predict less severe disease mainly by its correlation with the less amount of hospital care, more negative PCR results, higher body temperature, and higher blood oxygen saturation.
Three-dimensional printing in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Yashavanth Kumar DS , Christopher Sunil Dutt , Mallegowda Harsha , Dave Viral , Gulia Sunil Kumar , Bhanot Rishabh
Published: April 2023

Advanced imaging techniques and modalities coupled with computer-assisted surgical planning and simulation has been in use in the field of medicine. However, it is worth noting that it is now being frequently used for the evaluation and exploration of the craniofacial structures. It had gained ingress in the planning as well as forecasting of the surgical outcomes of oral and maxillofacial surgical interventions. Numerous surgical guides and devices which are tailor-made can be fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The article is intended to put forth an overview of 3D printing technology and its applications in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Dredging
Authors: Patel Hiral , Bhatt Utsav , Anchlia Sonal , Dhuvad Jigar , Mansuri Zaki , Rajpoot Dewanshi
Published: April 2023

Background:

Treatment modalities of odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaws range from conservative to radical. “Dredging” may be considered the “middle path” between conservative and radical treatment options. It comprises three entities—decompression, followed by repeated scraping of the lesion, and finally, peripheral ostectomy providing margin clearance but without significant morbidity.

Aim:

To evaluate the outcome of “dredging” in the management of large cystic lesions of the jaws, without major resections and maintaining normal functions.

Methodology:

This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients. Inclusion criteria were odontogenic cystic lesions at least 2 cm in size either in the proximity of vital structures or in children with developing tooth germs or so large that upon enucleation, can result in pathological fracture. All underwent decompression followed by dredging performed at every 2 to 3 months intervals.

Results:

Drastic decrease in size of the lesion as measured on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and new bone formation was evident in all patients. The total Reduction Rate (RR) of the cystic lesions was 88.79% in 9.2 months. RR was highest in Calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst (CEOC) followed by Unicystic Ameloblastoma (UA), Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKC), Dentigerous cyst (DC), and Radicular Cyst (RC) in CBCT. The mean speed of shrinkage was fastest in CEOC, followed by OKC, UA, RC, and DC after dredging. Shrinkage was higher in patients below 20 years of age (P 0.012) and patients with large cystic lesions (P 0.00447).

Conclusion:

The results suggest that dredging with regular, long-term follow-up can be a successful treatment method for large cystic lesions in young adults. This method includes the benefits of both conservative and radical treatment methods but lacks the disadvantages of either.
Evaluation of efficacy 3Dimensional 4-hole trapezoid condyle plate for treatment of base of condyle fracture
Authors: Paul Roger , Suvvada Bharathi , Polomarasetty Prasanna , Thumu Sai kumar , Santosh P. V.
Published: April 2023

Aim:

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of open reduction and internal fixation of the base of condyle using a 3D 4-hole trapezoid condyle plate (4-HTCP).

Materials and Methods:

A group of 25 subjects of an age range of 21-52 years (mean 32.7 ± 8.7 years) were treated of which, 7(28%) were female and 18 (72%), were male. All the patients were examined according to standard protocol. A retromandibular approach was used in all the patients.

Results:

The time taken for operating on the condyle alone was recorded it was between 30 minutes to one hour in 5 (20%) patients, between one-two hours in 19 (76%) patients and greater than two hours in 1 (4%) patient. Time taken from reduction of fracture to placement of the last screw was recorded. In 15 (60%) patients the time taken was less than ten minutes, in 10 (40%) patients the time taken ranged from 10-15 minutes. 6 (24%) patients needed additional exposure to facilitate the procedure. Postoperatively all the patients were followed up for a minimum of 9 months and a maximum of 30 months (mean 19.5 ± 5.87 months). The range of mandibular movements was satisfactory. The maximum incisal opening was in the range of 25-37 mm (mean- 31.4 ± 3.38 mm)on the first post-operative day. 31.4 ± 3.4 mm 6 weeks postoperatively, 43.8 ± 4.3 mm 3 months postoperatively, 46.7 ± 2.9 mm 6 months postoperatively and 49.7 ± 4.5 mm 9 months postoperatively. Taking into consideration the transient hypofunction of the facial nerve (8%) and TMJ disorder (8%) the aggregate complication rate in our study was 16%.

Conclusion:

Our study concludes that 4HTCP is a reliable and rigid choice of osteosynthesis for the base of condyle fractures.
Exploring the Mosquito–Arbovirus Network: A Survey of Vector Competence Experiments
Authors: Chen Binqi , Sweeny Amy R. , Wu Velen Y. , Christofferson Rebecca C. , Ebel Gregory , Fagre Anna C. , Gallichotte Emily , Kading Rebekah C. , Ryan Sadie J. , Carlson Colin J.
Published: April 2023

Arboviruses receive heightened research attention during major outbreaks or when they cause unusual or severe clinical disease, but they are otherwise undercharacterized. Global change is also accelerating the emergence and spread of arboviral diseases, leading to time-sensitive questions about potential interactions between viruses and novel vectors. Vector competence experiments help determine the susceptibility of certain arthropods to a given arbovirus, but these experiments are often conducted in real time during outbreaks, rather than with preparedness in mind. We conducted a systematic review of reported mosquito–arbovirus competence experiments, screening 570 abstracts to arrive at 265 studies testing in vivo arboviral competence. We found that more than 90% of potential mosquito–virus combinations are untested in experimental settings and that entire regions and their corresponding vectors and viruses are undersampled. These knowledge gaps stymie outbreak response and limit attempts to both build and validate predictive models of the vector–virus network.
Completeness and Factors Affecting Community Workers’ Reporting of Births and Deaths in the Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action in Mozambique
Authors: Kante Almamy M. , Mulungo Azarias , Ibraimo Mussagy , Akum Aveika , Titus Nordino , Adriano Antonio , Van Dyk Fred , Macicame Ivalda , Black Robert E. , Amouzou Agbessi , _ _
Published: April 2023

Since March 2018, the Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action project, implemented as a national sample registration system by the Mozambique Instituto Nacional de Saude and the Instituto Nacional de Estatistica in 700 geographic clusters randomly distributed across the 11 provinces, has trained and deployed community surveillance agents (CSAs) to report births and deaths in each cluster prospectively. An independent, retrospective data collection was conducted to assess the completeness of surveillance data. Record linkage procedures were used to match households and vital events reported in the two data sources. We calculated birth and death reporting rates and used a regression model to determine factors associated with the likelihood of vital events being reported by the CSAs. Between March 2018 and December 2019, CSAs reported 54% of births (8,787/16,421) and 45% of deaths (1,726/3,867). Births of smaller cluster sizes (< 1,000 people) were more likely to be reported (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.15–1.83) compared with those of larger cluster sizes (> 1,500 people). Deaths of rural clusters were more likely to be reported (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.07–1.85) than those of urban clusters. Adult deaths were more likely to be reported (aOR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.10–2.02) than child deaths. Our findings suggest that a fully functioning sample vital registration system must adopt a dual system with high-quality surveys or other ways to estimate underregistration periodically, consider a smaller cluster size manageable by a community worker, and pay special attention to urban clusters as underreporting is larger.
Treponemal Antibody Seroprevalence Using a Multiplex Bead Assay from Samples Collected during the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey: Searching for Yaws in Nigeria
Authors: Guagliardo Sarah Anne J. , Parameswaran Nishanth , Agala Ndidi , Abubakar Ado , Cooley Gretchen , Ye Tun , Kamb Mary , Mba Nwando , William Nwachukwu , Greby Stacie , Iriemenam Nnaemeka , Alagi Matthias , Okoye McPaul , Martin Diana
Published: April 2023

Yaws is a chronic, relapsing disease of skin, bone, and cartilage caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue. Yaws was last reported in Nigeria in 1996, although neighboring countries have recently reported cases. We investigated serological evidence for yaws among children aged 0–14 years in Nigeria by measuring antibodies to the treponemal antigens rp17 and TmpA in blood specimens from a 2018 nationally representative HIV survey using a multiplex bead assay. The presence of antibodies to both antigens (“double positive”) likely reflects current or recent treponemal infection. Overall, 1.9% (610/31,549) of children had anti-TmpA antibodies, 1.5% (476/31,549) had anti-rp17 antibodies, and 0.1% (39/31,549) were double positive. Among households, 0.5% (84/18,021) had a double-positive child, with a clustering of double-positive children. Although numbers are low, identification of antibodies to both TmpA and rp17 may warrant investigation, including more granular epidemiologic and clinical data, to assess the potential for continuing yaws transmission in Nigerian children.
SOLUTION TO DETECT, WARN AND PREVENT PEOPLE FROM CLIMBING HIGH-VOLTAGE POWER POLES, DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
Authors: TRAN NGOC HUY THINH  , LAM HOANG CAT TIEN
Published: April 2023

Currently, in Vietnam, the management and operation of the power system face challenges and difficulties due to complex terrain conditions, natural disasters, floods, and typhoons. In addition to the power grid failures caused by natural disasters that damage the power system. The power grid failures caused by humans are serious and directly affect human life. Power outages that disrupt the supply of electricity have had an enormous impact on the economy, politics, and energy security. The cause of fatal power grid failures is a lack of understanding and subjectivity. With the continuous development of electronic devices, wireless communication technology will serve as the basis for the construction of applications that protect electrical systems and human life at a cheap and effective cost. In this paper, the authors built a device that can detect, warn, and prevent climbers from climbing high-voltage towers using Arduino UNO, the HC SR04 distance sensor. When the device detects an intruder, the system will ring an alarm, activate the anti-intrusion mechanism, and send SMS via GSM SIM 800I to the operator of the grid to promptly have a suitable treatment solution.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF THREE-PHASE FOUR-SWITCH VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER WITH SPACE VECTOR MODULATION
Authors: PHAM CONG DUY
Published: April 2023

The three-phase six-switches voltage source inverter is usually used for industrial motor control and renewable energy systems. However, in order to decrease to size and cost of the drive systems, the three-phase four-switch voltage source inverter has been applied to low-cost motor control and renewable energy system. The fundamental concepts and principles of the three-phase four-switch voltage source inverter are discussed. The mathematical model and space vector modulation of the three-phase four-switch voltage source inverter are proposed. The work is demonstrated by simulation results.
IPSF collaborations with FIP and other global entities impacting pharmacy education
Authors: Yıldırım Emine Merve , Hassan Hamsa , Fayyaz Farwa , Hage Marissa El , Zayed Menna-Allah ElSayed , Dhakal Akriti
Published: April 2023

Background: Pharmacy education is essential to nurture a pharmaceutical workforce able to deliver optimum pharmaceutical care. Owing to recent challenges and advances, the scope of the pharmacy profession has changed, and the pharmacist’s role has expanded. Therefore, pharmacy education should be reshaped. The International Pharmaceutical Students’ Federation (IPSF) believes that the collaboration of pharmacy students with academics is fundamental to tackling challenges in education and provides development opportunities for students to improve their competencies to fit their future roles.
Objective: This report aims to discuss the collaborations with international health organisations and entities concerned with education to better understand their impact on pharmacy education and the workforce. Hence, IPSF can re-set its strategic goals for the upcoming mandates. Archival documents were reviewed, and the main findings are described here.
Conclusion: Impactful collaborations have been found. However, it inspires IPSF to strengthen their relations with the International Pharmaceutical Federation Academic Pharmacy Section (FIP AcPS) to improve their pharmacy education initiatives.
Efficiency And Productivity of Commercial Banks Covid-19 Using TOPSIS Method
Authors: Anil Kaluram Telinge
Published: April 2023

The hurdles to the classical lending business model that pre-existed the COVID-19 crisis, such as revenue strain, low profit margins (due to low equity rates and increasing wealth requisites), tighter regulatory (following the latest the prior finance crisis), and growing competition from ghost banks and new economic institutions, will all be made worse by it. financial institutions. Research significance: Globally, "the COVID-19" has had a big
effect on the business, as well as on social issues and general health. Significant revenue declines, an increase in the unemployment rate, and delays in the communication, leisure, and manufacturing sectors are some of the main consequences of the global disease aggravation. Your life may appear out of your grasp and you may not know what to do as a result of an overabundance of media, gossip, and misleading information. You might feel worried about the "COVID-19" pandemic, dreadful, depressed, and alone. Moreover, behavioral health conditions like tension and depression can get worse. Methology: E1: Equity/(Market, Economic Risk, and Credit Based) Total liabilities / total holdings (E2) E3: Loan Costs and Income E4: Total Assets / Net Investment Earnings E5: Total Assets/Loans Collected E6: Total Loans / Non-Performing Loans. P1: Net Income (Loss) Pre-Taxes/Total Assets P2: Equity/Net Profit (Loss) P3: Total Branches/Loans and Receipts P4: Total Funds / Net Fees and Affiliate Incomes P5: The ratio of total property to personnel P6: Operating Profit (Loss) Before
Taxes/Total Assets Result: shows According to the criteria set for the results, B1 received the top rank while B10 received the lowest rank. Conclusion: The dataset's score for Performance and Economy of Commercial Banks COVID-19 in TOPSIS Method (Similar for the best solution). By option order technique shows its results in B1 and top ranking
Evaluation of Quantitative Techniques for Managers using VIKOR Method
Authors: Murlidhar Gavade Deepak
Published: April 2023

Quantitative Techniques for Managers. Many different types of quantities, including numbers, symbols, and mathematical expressions, are used in quantitative management strategies. They support the decision-makers in choosing the best choice by serving as adjuncts. These are effective business methods that let managers maximize outcomes while working with constrained resources. Quantitative procedures are methods that give decision-makers organized, potent analytical tools based on quantitative data.
Management uses this scientific approach to problem-solving and decision-making. The management can make decisions more effectively and objectively with the aid of quantitative methods. To arrive at a sound choice, such procedures rely on a scientific and statistical methodology. Quantitative procedures help the judgment and intuition of decision-makers by utilizing numerical symbols, mathematical expressions, and
other quantities. These tools help businesses make better use of limited resources. One of the key benefits of quantitative data is that it is objective. There are fewer variables and more precise numbers used. This can help to eliminate study biases and increase the accuracy of the findings. Another benefit is that it is generally easier to obtain large sample sizes. The effective use of quantitative tools can assist the business
in more accurately, affordably, and quickly resolving difficult issues. Managers can now use scientific management strategies to address complicated issues and boost productivity. To understand behavior and evaluate overall business performance, the financial modeling method known as quantitative analysis uses statistical modeling and data analysis. Quantitative analysts also referred to as quants, collect and evaluate information containing numerical values, such as salary and wage statistics. Quantitative techniques are a collection of programming and statistical methods that affect your decision-making, particularly in a field or line of work. It takes into account how symbols, mathematical phrases, and numbers are used. The VIKOR (VIšekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje) Optimal replacement Select
method is used in Linear Programming, Network Models, Queuing Theory, Quality Control, Inventory Analysis, Production Scheduling Models, and Never, Hardly Ever, Sometimes, Frequently. Linear Programming, Network Models, Queuing Theory, Quality Control, Inventory Analysis, and Production Scheduling Models. Never, Hardly Ever, Sometimes, Frequently. Production Scheduling Models have the highest rank whereas Inventory Analysis has the lowest rank.