bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyoxometalates as Potential Artificial Enzymes toward Biological Applications
Authors: Li Bole , Xu Xiaotong , Lv Yanfei , Wu Zhaohui , He Lei , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: September 2023

Artificial enzymes, as alternatives to natural enzymes, have attracted enormous attention in the fields of catalysis, biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutics because of their high stability and low cost. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of inorganic metal oxides, have recently shown great potential in mimicking enzyme activity due to their well‐defined structure, tunable composition, high catalytic efficiency, and easy storage properties. This review focuses on the recent advances in POM‐based artificial enzymes. Different types of POMs and their derivatives‐based mimetic enzyme functions are covered, as well as the corresponding catalytic mechanisms (where available). An overview of the broad applications of representative POM‐based artificial enzymes from biosensing to theragnostic is provided. Insight into the current challenges and the future directions for POMs‐based artificial enzymes is discussed.
Strategies for Optimizing the Zn Anode/Electrolyte Interfaces Toward Stable Zn‐Based Batteries
Authors: Gao Jiechang , Xie Yawen , Zeng Pan , Zhang Liang
Published: September 2023

Aqueous rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries (ARZIBs) have attracted extensive attention because of the advantages of high energy density, high safety, and low cost. However, the commercialization of ARZIBs is still challenging, mainly because of the low efficiency of Zn anodes. Several undesirable reactions (e.g., Zn dendrite and byproduct formation) always occur at the Zn anode/electrolyte interfaces, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and rapid decay of ARZIBs. Motivated by the great interest in addressing these issues, various optimization strategies and related mechanisms have been proposed to stabilize the Zn anode‐electrolyte interfaces and enlengthen the cycling lifespan of ARZIBs. Therefore, considering the rapid development of this field, updating the optimization strategies in a timely manner and understanding their protection mechanisms are highly necessary. This review provides a brief overview of the Zn anode/electrolyte interfaces from the fundamentals and challenges of Zn anode chemistry to related optimization strategies and perspectives. Specifically, these strategies are systematically summarized and classified, while several representative works are presented to illustrate the effect and corresponding mechanism in detail. Finally, future challenges and research directions for the Zn anode/electrolyte interfaces are comprehensively clarified, providing guidelines for accurate evaluation of the interfaces and further fostering the development of ARZIBs.
The Spirituality of Carceral Citizenship: “Making Your Test Your Testimony”
Authors: Hallett Michael
Published: September 2023

Through participant observation of the redemption‐focused identity work of formerly incarcerated citizens affiliated with an urban faith‐based nonprofit organization run by ex‐offenders, this paper examines religiously motivated desistance among eighteen male respondents who attribute lasting desistance to intense religiosity. Recent research portrays the “identity work” of criminal justice‐involved citizens as “narrative labor” fraught with capricious experiences of social rejection and “uncanny” patterns of discrimination and exclusion. Drawing from eight years of participant observation and adopting methodologies of “lived religion” and “appreciative inquiry,” life‐history interviews reveal three “frames” of “performative speech” through which religious narrative labor helps signal a “disavowal and recasting” of criminal identities: “coming out of the desert” {learning not to hide}, “bringing it to the altar” {help‐seeking through religiosity}, and “making your test your testimony” {using testimonial storytelling for status elevation}. Prolific integration of Christian scripture into personal narratives mirrors the Identity Theory of Desistance. The paper deepens understanding of how religious narrative labor is performed by ex‐offenders enduring carceral citizenship, arguing for more direct exploration of religiosity by criminologists.
Ultrasound features of an unusual intramural gastric haemorrhage secondary to rodenticide intoxication in a dog
Authors: Vallés Nuria , Echalecu Marina S. , Bernabe Alejandra , García Juan Diego , Agut Amalia
Published: September 2023

A 3‐year‐old, neutered, female, mix‐breed dog was presented with a history of acute haemorrhagic vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia and lethargy. The patient had a hyperkinetic pulse, pale mucous membranes, bilateral hyphema and the capillary refill time was increased. Coagulation testing showed increased values. Abdominal ultrasound revealed diffuse thickening of the submucosal layer with hyperechoic peritoneum and enlargement of the gastric lymph node. The presumptive diagnosis was gastric wall haemorrhage secondary to rodenticide intoxication. The dog responded to treatment and was discharged after 48 hours. Fifteen days later, the thickness and layering of the stomach wall was normal. Gastric wall haemorrhage is a rare condition in dogs with rodenticide intoxication, which requires a biopsy for confirmation. However, the risk of haemorrhage does not make this feasible. In this case, the authors suspect that submucosal gastric thickening was secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication based on history, clinical examination, haematological analysis and coagulation testing.
Capital Budgeting
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, we dive deeper into the capital budgeting process, which is the process of making a list of investment projects to be done. We make these investment decisions more tangible by presenting detailed calculation examples—including the calculation and forecasting of (incremental) cash flows and their drivers. Subsequently, we identify behavioural challenges in the capital budgeting process, such as the tendency to continue poor projects for too long, to underestimate risk, and to overestimate cash flows. Next, we integrate social and environmental factors in the capital budgeting process—integrated capital budgeting. The constrained, expanded, and integrated PVs (introduced in Chap. 6) are now shown with cash flow projections. It is shown that FV, SV, and EV can have shared, reinforcing, or conflicting underlying value drivers—and that the way and extent to which they are taken into account affect decisions.
Nested Sequents for Quantified Modal Logics
Authors: Lyon Tim S. , Orlandelli Eugenio
Published: September 2023

This paper studies nested sequents for quantified modal logics. In particular, it considers extensions of the propositional modal logics definable by the axiomsD,T,B,4, and5with varying, increasing, decreasing, and constant domains. Each calculus is proved to have good structural properties: weakening and contraction are height-preserving admissible and cut is (syntactically) admissible. Each calculus is shown to be equivalent to the corresponding axiomatic system and, thus, to be sound and complete. Finally, it is argued that the calculi are internal—i.e., each sequent has a formula interpretation—whenever the existence predicate is expressible in the language.
Foliated asymptotically safe gravity in the fluctuation approach
Authors: Saueressig Frank , Wang Jian
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The gravitational asymptotic safety program envisions a high-energy completion of gravity based on a non-Gaussian renormalization group fixed point. A key step in this program is the transition from Euclidean to Lorentzian signature spacetimes. One way to address this challenge is to formulate the quantum theory based on the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner decomposition of the metric field. This equips the Euclidean spacetime with a preferred direction which may serve as the time-direction in the Lorentzian setting. In this work we use the Wetterich equation in order to compute the renormalization group flow of the graviton two-point function. The resulting beta functions possess a non-Gaussian renormalization group fixed point suitable for rendering the theory asymptotically safe. The phase diagram underlying the flow of the two-point function is governed by the interplay between this non-Gaussian fixed point, the Gaussian fixed point, and an infrared fixed point. The latter ensures that the renormalized squared graviton mass cannot take negative values. These results are in qualitative agreement with fluctuation computations carried out in the covariant setting. We take this as non-trivial evidence that the asymptotic safety mechanism remains intact when considering quantum gravity on spacetimes carrying a foliation structure. Technically, our work constitutes the first fluctuation computation carried out within the ADM-framework. Therefore, we also provide a detailed discussion of the conceptual framework, highlighting the elements which differ from fluctuation computations in the covariant setting.
QCD light-cone distribution amplitudes of heavy mesons from boosted HQET
Authors: Beneke Martin , Finauri Gael , Vos K. Keri , Wei Yanbing
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) frequently arise in factorization theorems involving light and heavy mesons. The QCD LCDA for heavy mesons includes short-distance physics at energy scales of the heavy-quark mass. In this paper we achieve the separation of this perturbative scale from the purely hadronic effects by matching the QCD LCDA to the convolution of a perturbative function with the universal, quark-mass independent LCDA defined in heavy-quark effective theory. This factorization allows to resum potentially large logarithms between ΛQCD and mQ as well as between mQ and the scale Q of the hard process in the production of boosted heavy mesons at colliders. As an application we derive new theoretical predictions for the branching ratio of the decay W± → B±γ. Furthermore, we provide phenomenological models for the QCD LCDAs of both the $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

and D mesons expressed as expansions in Gegenbauer polynomials.
Charge instability of JMaRT geometries
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Di Benedetto Carlo , Di Russo Giorgio , Sudano Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We perform a detailed study of linear perturbations of the JMaRT family of non-BPS smooth horizonless solutions of type IIB supergravity beyond the near-decoupling limit. In addition to the unstable quasi normal modes (QNMs) responsible for the ergo-region instability, already studied in the literature, we find a new class of ‘charged’ unstable modes with positive imaginary part, that can be interpreted in terms of the emission of charged (scalar) quanta with non zero KK momentum. We use both matched asymptotic expansions and numerical integration methods. Moreover, we exploit the recently discovered correspondence between JMaRT perturbation theory, governed by a Reduced Confluent Heun Equation, and the quantum Seiberg-Witten (SW) curve of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM theory with gauge group SU(2) and Nf = (0, 2) flavours.
Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine YouTube videos in Arabic have higher view counts in the Middle East and North Africa than their English versions
Authors: Marín Fermín Theodorakys , Hantouly Ashraf T. , Al-Dolaymi Ayyoub A. , Olory Bruno C. R. , Hagert Elisabet , Papakostas Emmanouil T. , Zikria Bashir A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The present study aims to assess the impact of the local language on the view count of patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in an Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in the Middle East and North Africa.

Methods

An observational study on English and Arabic versions of Aspetar’s YouTube channel patient-oriented educational video series was conducted in February 2023, comparing the view count and viewer characteristics. Included videos were posted either simultaneously or in English version first, in both languages, and shared on the same media platforms. Collected data of interest included video title, view count in each language, age and sex of the viewers, location, and traffic source.

Results

Eleven videos of the patient-oriented educational video series were included in the present study. Except for one, the view count was significantly higher in the Arabic version of all 11 videos (minimum sevenfold, P = 0.03). Viewers were predominantly males (73.9%) and between 18 and 44 years old (81.1%). Eleven out of 19 countries of the Middle East and North Africa region [11] were among the viewers’ top 20 countries. Traffic sources included YouTube search (45.9%), YouTube suggested videos (17%), external sources (14.4%), YouTube browse features (8.5%), and YouTube advertising (6%).

Conclusion

Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in Arabic yield higher view counts than their English version in young adult viewers from 11 countries in the Middle East and Africa among the top 20. Content creation on languages with limited online representation could effectively reach the targeted population by breaking language barriers.
Prospective study of functional outcomes and return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the knee
Authors: Laboute E. , James-Belin E. , Ucay O. , Caubere A. , Verhaeghe E.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Individual factors of low rates of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction were unclear. We evaluated the impact of various individual factors after ACL reconstruction for return to sport in athletes.

Methods

A prospective study was performed in 1274 athletes, who had undergone ACL autograft reconstruction. Individual factors survey about return to sport was performed during the second year after surgery. Athlete responses were analyzed with a multivariate logistic model adjusted for baseline patient characteristics and an adjusted Cox model.

Results

Younger age and involvement in higher-level sporting activities were associated with a significantly higher frequency and a significantly shorter time to return to sport (running, training, competition; p = 0.001 to 0.028). Men returned to sport more rapidly than women, for both training (p = 0.007) and competition (p = 0.042). Although there was no difference to return to sport between hamstring (HT) and patellar tendon (PT) autograft. We note that MacFL surgery (Mac Intosh modified with intra- and extra-articular autografts used the tensor fasciae latae muscle) was associated with a higher frequency (p = 0.03) and rapidity (p = 0.025) of return to training than HT. Sports people practicing no weight-bearing sports returned to training (p < 0.001) and competition (p < 0.001) more rapidly than other sports people. By contrast, the practicing pivoting sports with contact started running again sooner (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Younger age, male sex, higher level of sports, sportspeople practicing no weight-bearing sports, and MacFL surgery reduce time to return to sport after ACL reconstruction.
Magnetic resonance imaging of water vapor absorption in simulated corrugated board
Authors: Tuomainen Teemu V. , Silvennoinen Jukka , Mattila Terhi , Kettunen Mikko I. , Nissi Mikko J.
Published: September 2023

Water vapor absorption into a multi-layer simulated corrugated board structure was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Humidity and other ambient conditions considerably affect the strength and durability of corrugated board, and through creep, collapse of the corrugated board structures at unexpectedly low load levels. Currently, water vapor permeation and absorption are investigated with methods that do not elucidate the behavior of individual sheet layers in corrugated board. With MRI, signal intensity changes caused by water absorption can be spatially located and identified, providing a promising tool for the assessment of internal changes in a board, and its interaction with humidity. In this work, simulated corrugated board assemblies, consisting of alternating straight layers of linerboard and fluting material, were constructed, subjected to one-sided high humidity environment and periodically MR imaged to obtain temporal information on water accumulation at high relative humidity. It was observed that, in general, the fluting layers would exhibit higher signal intensities sooner, and by extension, higher water accumulation, when compared to the linerboards. The presented study provides insight into the behavior of paperboards in a double-wall corrugated board structure while under constant high humidity. In the future, actual corrugated board samples could be investigated in periodically fluctuating relative humidity and under constant stress to obtain information on the mechanosorptive creep.
Detecting molecules in Ariel low resolution transmission spectra
Authors: Bocchieri Andrea , Mugnai Lorenzo V. , Pascale Enzo , Changeat Quentin , Tinetti Giovanna
Published: September 2023

The Ariel Space Mission aims to observe a diverse sample of exoplanet atmospheres across a wide wavelength range of 0.5 to 7.8 microns. The observations are organized into four Tiers, with Tier 1 being a reconnaissance survey. This Tier is designed to achieve a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at low spectral resolution in order to identify featureless spectra or detect key molecular species without necessarily constraining their abundances with high confidence. We introduce a P-statistic that uses the abundance posteriors from a spectral retrieval to infer the probability of a molecule’s presence in a given planet’s atmosphere in Tier 1. We find that this method predicts probabilities that correlate well with the input abundances, indicating considerable predictive power when retrieval models have comparable or higher complexity compared to the data. However, we also demonstrate that the P-statistic loses representativity when the retrieval model has lower complexity, expressed as the inclusion of fewer than the expected molecules. The reliability and predictive power of the P-statistic are assessed on a simulated population of exoplanets with H$$_2$$

2

-He dominated atmospheres, and forecasting biases are studied and found not to adversely affect the classification of the survey.
Do Co-opted Boards Affect the Financial Performance of Insurance Firms?
Authors: Adams Michael , Kastrinaki Zafeira
Published: September 2023

We examine the performance-effects of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) co-opted boards in United Kingdom (UK) property-casualty insurers. We report that board insiders appointed in the aftermath of CEO succession reduce profitability, but bolster solvency. Enhanced solvency also results when the CEO is a financial expert and when proportionately more inside directors are selected by a CEO who is a financial expert. We further find enhanced profitability-effects for insurance experienced co-opted outside directors, while large investors improve solvency. However, the internal or external origin of the CEO does not affect financial outcomes. We consider that our results could have commercial and/or public policy implications.
The covariant approach to static spacetimes in Einstein and extended gravity theories
Authors: Mantica Carlo Alberto , Molinari Luca Guido
Published: September 2023

We present a covariant study of static space-times, as such and as solutions of gravity theories. By expressing the relevant tensors through the velocity and the acceleration vectors that characterise static space-times, the field equations provide a natural non-redundant set of scalar equations. The same vectors suggest the form of a Faraday tensor, that is studied in itself and in (non)-linear electrodynamics. In spherical symmetry, we evaluate the explicit expressions of the Ricci, the Weyl, the Cotton and the Bach tensors. Simple restrictions on the coefficients yield well known and new solutions in Einstein, f(R), Cotton and Conformal gravity, with or without charges, in vacuo or with fluid source.
Financial aid uncertainty and low-income students’ higher education preferences
Authors: Bernal Gloria L. , Abadía Luz K. , Álvarez-Arango Luis E. , De Witte Kristof
Published: September 2023

Low-income students’ preferences for higher education might depend on the uncertainty of financial aid. Using a time discontinuity design, this paper exploits the unanticipated cancellation of a nationwide Colombian merit and need-based scholarship, called Ser Pilo Paga, to study its consequences on students’ preferences for higher education. Preferences are measured using a discrete choice experiment administrated to 949 low-income high school students in 2018. The findings reveal that the scholarship’s cancellation reduced higher education ambitions among low-income students due to the decreased interest in both financial aid and high-quality universities. The effects were particularly concentrated on income-eligible individuals who were more likely to obtain the scholarship, as their choices for financial aid and high-quality institutions declined by 15 to 50% of the baseline preference.
Common chironomids drive the biodiversity–temperature relationship during the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition in a southern Baltic coastal lake
Authors: de Mendoza Guillermo , Kotrys Bartosz , Płóciennik Mateusz , Sydor Paweł , Okupny Daniel
Published: September 2023

The Younger Dryas-Holocene transition represents a period of significant thermal change, comparable in magnitude to modern warming, yet in a colder context and without the effect of anthropogenic disturbance. This is useful as a reference to tackle how biodiversity is affected by temperature in natural conditions. Here, we addressed the thermal change during this period in a southern Baltic coastal lake (Konarzewo Lake, Poland), as inferred by chironomid remains. We evaluated changes in chironomid communities and used Hill numbers to explore how commonness and rarity underlie biodiversity changes attributable to warming. We found evidence of warming at Konarzewo Lake during the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition, with inferred temperatures in the Younger Dryas period supporting the NW–SE gradient in Younger Dryas summer temperatures across Europe. Chironomid communities drastically changed during the thermal transition. However, Hill numbers showed no response to temperature when rare morphotypes were emphasized (order q = 0) or a weak response when they were balanced with common morphotypes (order q = 1). Hill number of order q = 2, emphasizing the most common morphotypes, consistently increased with temperature across different sample sizes or coverages. This illustrates how common morphotypes, rather than the rare ones, may boost biodiversity facing warming.
Prenatal Version of the Coparenting Relationship Scale Among Finnish Couples Expecting Their Firstborn
Authors: Lindroos Emmi , Räikkönen Eija , Malinen Kaisa , Rönkä Anna K.
Published: September 2023

Although coparenting has been widely studied, research on what expectant couples think about their future coparenting is limited. Our aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Prenatal Version of Coparenting Relationship Scale among Finnish couples expecting their first child. We were also interested in the associations between couples’ expectations of coparenting and couple relationship quality. Expectants and partners (N = 157 Finnish couples expecting their first child; 156 in a heterosexual and 1 in a same-sex relationship) individually completed the questionnaires 1–3 months before childbirth. We used Exploratory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that both expectants’ and partners’ expectations of coparenting were very positive. Two dimensions, Expectations of cooperative coparenting and Expectations of coparenting conflict, were found for both expectants and partners, and both dimensions were largely invariant across spouses. The two dimensions were associated with each other. Expectations of cooperative coparenting were positively associated with prenatal couple relationship quality in both expectants and partners, thus confirming concurrent validity between these measures. Support for the discriminant validity of coparenting conflict in relation to couple relationship quality was found for both spouses whereas the discriminant validity of cooperative coparenting was confirmed for partners only. Our results indicate preliminary support for the validity and reliability of the Finnish version of the Coparenting Relationship Scale—Couples’ Prenatal Version (CRS-CPV) for assessing coparenting expectations, especially among heterosexual couples.
Some definite integrals arising from selfdecomposable characteristic functions
Authors: Jurek Zbigniew J.
Published: September 2023

In the probability theory, selfdecomposable or class L0distributions play an important role as they are limit distributions of normalized partial sums of sequences of independent, not necessarily identically distributed, random variables. The class L0 is quite large and includes many known classical distributions. For this note, the most important feature of the selfdecomposable variables are their random integral representation with respect to a Lévy process. From those random integral representations we get the equality of logarithms of some characteristic functions. These allow us to get formulas for some definite integrals; some of them were previously unknown, and some are rarely quoted in popular tables of integrals and series.
Evaluation of an online advanced suicide prevention training for pharmacists
Authors: Pilbrow Samantha , Staniland Lexy , Uren Hannah V. , Shand Fiona , McGoldrick Janey , Thorp Emily , MacKrill Monique , Moullin Joanna C.
Published: September 2023

Background

With the pharmacist role extending internationally to include health promotion and harm reduction, pharmacists are well-suited to adopt a frontline role within suicide prevention efforts. To maximise their abilities to implement suicide prevention strategies, suicide prevention training is essential to improve pharmacists’ knowledge of, attitudes towards, and confidence in pharmacy-based suicide prevention.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an online Advanced Suicide Prevention Training for Pharmacists and explore how participant feedback may direct training improvements.

Method

One hundred and fifty pharmacists in Tasmania, Australia, completed the training. Of these, 109 participants completed surveys pre-, post- and 6-months post-training to evaluate changes in suicide prevention knowledge, confidence, and attitudes, and explore participants’ perceptions of the training.

Results

Significant improvements were observed in suicide prevention attitudes (F(2, 20) = 4.12, p = 0.032, partial η2 = 0.292), and self-efficacy (F(2, 20) = 7.84, p = 0.003, partial η2 = 0.439), across the three timepoints, with improvements to knowledge and confidence evident between pre- and post-training (p < 0.05). Qualitative data reflected that the training was beneficial in aiding the identification and support of at-risk individuals, however barriers such as the pharmacy setting, personal discomfort, and perceptions of the pharmacist role were identified as impeding the implementation of suicide prevention within pharmacy practice.

Conclusion

Training is an effective means of improving pharmacists’ suicide prevention knowledge, confidence, and attitudes. While personal barriers to suicide prevention improved, contextual and social barriers continue to impede pharmacists’ implementation of suicide prevention in practice.
Fairness and risk attitudes
Authors: Bradley Richard , Stefánsson H. Orri
Published: September 2023

According to a common judgement, a social planner should often use a lottery to decide which of two people should receive a good. This judgement undermines one of the best-known arguments for utilitarianism, due to John C. Harsanyi, and more generally undermines axiomatic arguments for utilitarianism and similar views. In this paper we ask which combinations of views about (a) the social planner’s attitude to risk and inequality, and (b) the subjects’ attitudes to risk are consistent with the aforementioned judgement. We find that the class of combinations of views that can plausibly accommodate this judgement is quite limited. But one theory does better than others: the theory of chance-sensitive utility.
Response shift results of quantitative research using patient-reported outcome measures: a descriptive systematic review
Authors: Sawatzky Richard , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Russell Lara , Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi A. , Ademola Ayoola , Böhnke Jan R. , Lawal Oluwaseyi , Brobbey Anita , Lix Lisa M. , Anota Amelie , Sebille Véronique , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. , Verdam Mathilde G. E. ,   The Response Shift – in Sync Working Group
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The objective of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence and magnitude of response shift effects, for different response shift methods, populations, study designs, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM)s.

Methods

A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Social Science Citation Index, and Dissertations & Theses Global to identify longitudinal quantitative studies that examined response shift using PROMs, published before 2021. The magnitude of each response shift effect (effect sizes, R-squared or percentage of respondents with response shift) was ascertained based on reported statistical information or as stated in the manuscript. Prevalence and magnitudes of response shift effects were summarized at two levels of analysis (study and effect levels), for recalibration and reprioritization/reconceptualization separately, and for different response shift methods, and population, study design, and PROM characteristics. Analyses were conducted twice: (a) including all studies and samples, and (b) including only unrelated studies and independent samples.

Results

Of the 150 included studies, 130 (86.7%) detected response shift effects. Of the 4868 effects investigated, 793 (16.3%) revealed response shift. Effect sizes could be determined for 105 (70.0%) of the studies for a total of 1130 effects, of which 537 (47.5%) resulted in detection of response shift. Whereas effect sizes varied widely, most median recalibration effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were between 0.20 and 0.30 and median reprioritization/reconceptualization effect sizes rarely exceeded 0.15, across the characteristics. Similar results were obtained from unrelated studies.

Conclusion

The results draw attention to the need to focus on understanding variability in response shift results: Who experience response shifts, to what extent, and under which circumstances?
Deontological and Consequentialist Ethics and Attitudes Towards Corruption: A Survey Data Analysis
Authors: Megías Adrián , de Sousa Luís , Jiménez-Sánchez Fernando
Published: September 2023

Much of the empirical research on corruption for the past 45 years has focused on perception-based definitions and measurements. Citizens’ perceptions, their attitudes and (self)reported experiences of corruption have been widely studied through different perception-based measures obtained in surveys, interviews, and experiments applied to citizens in general, and experts, business leaders, politicians, or public officials. Notwithstanding the significant progress made to understand the complexity of citizens’ understandings, judgements and practices, we are still unable to decipher by what criteria they establish what is or is not corruption and what types of corruption are susceptible of being condemned/tolerated. This paper makes an innovative contribution to fill this gap. We propose a methodological design to identify and measure different perception-based definitions of corruption based on two contrasting normative perspectives: deontological and consequentialist ethics. We identified four groups: the Virtuous; the Intransigent; the Pragmatic; and the Hypocrite. Using survey data from a national sample of Portuguese citizens, we employ discriminant analysis and logistic regression models to differentiate individual profiles in terms of process- and outcome-based social definitions of corruption and explore the explanatory factors that account for these different conceptualisations and their different degree of tolerance towards corruption.
A new life cycle impact assessment methodology for assessing the impact of abiotic resource use on future resource accessibility
Authors: Mankaa Rose Nangah , Traverso Marzia , Zhou Yichen
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Abiotic resource is included as an impact category in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). The most widely accepted LCIA method is abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP). However, numerous studies have illustrated the limitations of the ADP method, such as the neglect of resources that can be recycled. This paper aims to develop a comprehensive and objective method for assessing the impact of resource use on future generations, which can be used at different stages of the life cycle.

Methods

Based on the above research objectives, this paper proposes a new method, the abiotic resource expected dissipation potential (AEDP) method, for assessing the impacts of current resource use on the abiotic resource accessibility. The method is divided into four impact categories based on different endpoints of the dissipative flow and replaces the resource extraction rate with the global annual dissipation rate and adds anthropogenic stocks to the total reserves, resulting in the characterization factor AEDPs. Finally, the four impact categories are weighted to obtain a final impact score for resource use.

Results

Results of the new method are presented as a multi-dimensional reflection of natural reserves, dissipation rates, and extraction rates of resources. The comparison between AEDPs and ADPs revealed differences between them, but they were not significant. A higher power of the total reserves in the AEDP formula can overemphasize the effect of natural reserves on the characterization factor. Furthermore, other natural reserve data was used as alternative indicators in the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

The new assessment method enables the future impacts of abiotic resource use to be more accurately assessed. It can be used at any life cycle stage to support relevant stakeholder decision-making. However, a broader database is required to be developed to calculate more characterization factors. Moreover, the over-dominance of reserve data in the characterization factors overshadows the influence of other dimensions. Consequently, further research is necessary to improve the operability and plausibility of this method.
DepthFormer: Exploiting Long-range Correlation and Local Information for Accurate Monocular Depth Estimation
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Chen Zehui , Liu Xianming , Jiang Junjun
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to address the problem of supervised monocular depth estimation. We start with a meticulous pilot study to demonstrate that the long-range correlation is essential for accurate depth estimation. Moreover, the Transformer and convolution are good at long-range and close-range depth estimation, respectively. Therefore, we propose to adopt a parallel encoder architecture consisting of a Transformer branch and a convolution branch. The former can model global context with the effective attention mechanism and the latter aims to preserve the local information as the Transformer lacks the spatial inductive bias in modeling such contents. However, independent branches lead to a shortage of connections between features. To bridge this gap, we design a hierarchical aggregation and heterogeneous interaction module to enhance the Transformer features and model the affinity between the heterogeneous features in a set-to-set translation manner. Due to the unbearable memory cost introduced by the global attention on high-resolution feature maps, we adopt the deformable scheme to reduce the complexity. Extensive experiments on the KITTI, NYU, and SUN RGB-D datasets demonstrate that our proposed model, termed DepthFormer, surpasses state-of-the-art monocular depth estimation methods with prominent margins. The effectiveness of each proposed module is elaborately evaluated through meticulous and intensive ablation studies.
Admission screening form and osteoporosis educational appointment: a novel fracture liaison service system for identifying osteoporosis patients and facilitating medication initiation
Authors: Kikuchi Shunsuke , Suda Yasunori
Published: September 2023

Summary

Our FLS team aimed to ensure that patients admitted to the orthopedic department were promptly initiated for medication and identify and initiate medication for patients admitted to other departments. Our innovative FLS system along with admission screening and osteoporosis education have proven effective in identifying patients with osteoporosis and initiating medication.

Purpose

The fracture liaison service (FLS) plays a crucial role in the secondary prevention of fragility fractures by involving various medical professionals. Our FLS team had two goals for preventing primary and secondary fractures: ensuring that patients admitted to the orthopedic department were promptly initiated on medication and identifying and initiating medication for patients admitted to other departments.

Methods

From April 2020 to March 2023, we analyzed the number of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans performed, the DEXA rate among patients with proximal femoral fractures, and the rate of medication initiation each year. Our hospital implemented the FLS system in April 2022. It is a unique system utilizing admission screening form and osteoporosis educational appointments conducted by rehabilitation staff to initiate medication for orthopedic and non-orthopedic patients.

Results

The average monthly number of DEXA scans increased significantly, with 47.7 in 2020, 57.0 in 2021, and 90.8 in 2022. The DEXA rate among proximal femoral fracture patients increased from 23.3% in 2020 to 88.1% in 2021 and 100% in 2022. The rate of treatment initiation also increased remarkably, from 21.7% in 2020, to 68.7% in 2021, reaching 97.8% in 2022. We performed 504 interventions, resulting in 251 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, of whom 134 (56 from non-orthopedic departments) successfully started medication.

Conclusions

Our innovative FLS system, incorporating an admission screening form and osteoporosis educational appointments, proved effective in identifying patients with osteoporosis and facilitating medication initiation, which will prevent both primary and secondary fractures.
Medium-Term Weight Loss and Remission of Comorbidities Following Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fehervari Matyas , Fadel Michael G , Alghazawi Laith Omar Khalaf , Das Bibek , Rodríguez-Luna María Rita , Perretta Silvana , Wan Andrew , Ashrafian Hutan
Published: September 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the short- and medium-term weight loss outcomes and comorbidity resolution following endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. Our search identified 35 relevant studies containing data from 7525 patients. Overall, pooled short-term (12 months) total weight loss (TWL) was 16.2% (95% CI 13.1–19.4%) in 23 studies (n = 5659). Pooled medium-term TWL was 15.4% (95% CI 13.7–17.2%) in 10 studies (n = 4040). Diabetes resolution was 55.4% (95% CI 46–64%), hypertension resolution was 62.8% (95% CI 43–82%), dyslipidaemia resolution was 56.3% (95% CI 49–63%), and obstructive sleep apnoea resolution was 51.7% (95% CI 16.2–87.3%) in four studies (n = 480). This pooled analysis demonstrates that ESG can induce durable weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated comorbidities in patients with moderate obesity.

Graphical Abstract
The GenAI is out of the bottle: generative artificial intelligence from a business model innovation perspective
Authors: Kanbach Dominik K. , Heiduk Louisa , Blueher Georg , Schreiter Maximilian , Lahmann Alexander
Published: September 2023

The introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022 by OpenAI has stimulated substantial discourse on the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various domains such as academia, business, and society at large. Although AI has been utilized in numerous areas for several years, the emergence of generative AI (GAI) applications such as ChatGPT, Jasper, or DALL-E are considered a breakthrough for the acceleration of AI technology due to their ease of use, intuitive interface, and performance. With GAI, it is possible to create a variety of content such as texts, images, audio, code, and even videos. This creates a variety of implications for businesses requiring a deeper examination, including an influence on business model innovation (BMI). Therefore, this study provides a BMI perspective on GAI with two primary contributions: (1) The development of six comprehensive propositions outlining the impact of GAI on businesses, and (2) the discussion of three industry examples, specifically software engineering, healthcare, and financial services. This study employs a qualitative content analysis using a scoping review methodology, drawing from a wide-ranging sample of 513 data points. These include academic publications, company reports, and public information such as press releases, news articles, interviews, and podcasts. The study thus contributes to the growing academic discourse in management research concerning AI's potential impact and offers practical insights into how to utilize this technology to develop new or improve existing business models.
Trait-level non-clinical ADHD symptoms in a community sample and their association with technology addictions
Authors: Aydin Tuba , Parris Benjamin A. , Arabaci Gizem , Kilintari Marina , Taylor Jacqui
Published: September 2023

An increasing number of studies have reported the existence of ADHD symptoms to be risk factors for technology addictions among young adults. In contrast to previous studies, the aim of the present study was to examine different dimensions of technology addiction in a community sample of adults and to examine their association with the individual trait-level ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. A community sample of one hundred and fifty adults were recruited to participate in this study via convenience sampling. Participants completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, and a Demographic Information Form. Composite ADHD score, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were positively associated with technology addictions (internet, social media, smartphone, and online shopping addiction). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were predictors of social media addiction and smartphone addiction, whereas they were not for online shopping addiction. Furthermore, inattention was the only predictor of internet addiction. People with non-clinical, trait-level ADHD, especially those showing a preponderance of inattention symptoms appear to be more vulnerable to developing some forms of technology addiction.
Changes in school feeding operations during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 139 countries
Authors: Ferrero Elisabetta M. , Wineman Ayala , Mitchell Arlene
Published: September 2023

School meal programs, which provide students with meals, snacks, or take-home rations and serve as a safety net for vulnerable children worldwide, were severely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study draws on the 2021 Global Survey of School Meal Programs to explore changes in school feeding operations during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors that can facilitate program resilience. The survey, inclusive of both closed and open-ended questions, gathered data on 183 programs operating in 139 countries. Findings suggest that, even though school meal programs were negatively affected by the pandemic and associated school closures, they responded with creativity, employing new feeding modalities, venues of distribution, and approaches to targeting. Regression results further show that involvement of nutritionists was associated with continuity (a lack of interruption) of feeding services. Flexibility and preparedness were highlighted as factors that strengthened programs in a time of crisis. At the same time, the experience of emergencies that occur simultaneously or in quick succession (“stacked” emergencies) hampered their ability to operate. Survey results confirm that attention must be given to school meal programs in low-income settings, as school feeding coverage is lowest in such settings, these programs often have limited resources, and they are more likely to experience stacked emergencies.
Classicality and Bell’s theorem
Authors: Gömöri Márton , Hoefer Carl
Published: September 2023

A widespread view among physicists is that Bell’s theorem rests on an implicit assumption of “classicality,” in addition to locality. According to this understanding, the violation of Bell’s inequalities poses no challenge to locality, but simply reinforces the fact that quantum mechanics is not classical. The paper provides a critical analysis of this view. First we characterize the notion of classicality in probabilistic terms. We argue that classicality thus construed has nothing to do with the validity of classical physics, nor of classical probability theory, contrary to what many believe. At the same time, we show that the probabilistic notion of classicality is not an additional premise of Bell’s theorem, but a mathematical corollary of locality in conjunction with the standard auxiliary assumptions of Bell. Accordingly, any theory that claims to get around the derivation of Bell’s inequalities by giving up classicality, in fact has to give up one of those standard assumptions. As an illustration of this, we look at two recent interpretations of quantum mechanics, Reinhard Werner’s operational quantum mechanics and Robert Griffiths’ consistent histories approach, that are claimed to be local and non-classical, and identify which of the standard assumptions of Bell’s theorem each of them is forced to give up. We claim that while in operational quantum mechanics the Common Cause Principle is violated, the consistent histories approach is conspiratorial. Finally, we relate these two options to the idea of realism, a notion that is also often identified as an implicit assumption of Bell’s theorem.
Welding Engineering at Ohio State University—75 years
Authors: Lippold J. C. , Phillips D. H.
Published: September 2023

This paper celebrates the 75-year history of the OSU Welding Engineering program. It includes a brief history of the program, details regarding the academic mission, and current research activities. It also provides an outlook for the program into the future.