bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint with intracranial extension: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Safaee Michael , Oh Taemin , Sun Matthew Z. , Parsa Andrew T. , McDermott Michael W. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Bloch Orin
Published: April 2014

Background

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane. PVNS generally affects large joints but occasionally involves the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), with occasional extension into the middle cranial fossa. The purpose of this study was to report our experience with PVNS along with a focused literature review.

Methods

Patients with PVNS of the TMJ treated at the University of California – San Francisco from 2007 to 2013 were reviewed. A PubMed search was performed to identify additional cases.

Results

Five patients underwent surgical resection, with 1 recurrence at 61 months. A literature review identified 58 patients, 19 of which had intracranial involvement. Interestingly, intracranial extension was more common in men. Intracranial extension was not associated with an increased rate of recurrence.

Conclusion

PVNS of the TMJ is a rare entity associated with excellent outcomes, even with intracranial extension. Management should consist of maximal resection, with radiotherapy reserved for extensive or recurrent lesions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1213–1224, 2015
Recurrence of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Davis–Malesevich Melinda V. , Goepfert Ryan , Kubik Mark , Roberts Dianna B. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Kupferman Michael E.
Published: April 2014

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy remains controversial for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN). Incidence and factors associated with recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy have not been well delineated.

Methods

Characteristics of 204 patients with head and neck melanoma who had a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy were studied. Main outcomes were overall survival and disease‐free survival.

Results

Recurrence developed in 45 patients (22%) with a median time to recurrence of 20.1 months. Five‐year overall survival was 91.8% for patients without recurrence and 57.0% for those with recurrence. The overall regional recurrence rate was 8.8% (n = 18) and was associated with Breslow thickness >2 mm and scalp location of the primary tumor. The false omission rate was 3.4%.

Conclusion

For CMHN, regional recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy occurs at acceptably low rates relative to other sites, although it is associated with adverse survival. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1116–1121, 2015
Salvage endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy in treating locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zou Xiong , Han Fei , Ma Wen‐Juan , Deng Man‐Quan , Jiang Rou , Guo Ling , Liu Qing , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Hong Ming‐Huang , Chen Ming‐Yuan
Published: April 2014

Background

Although endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) have been reported to be useful in treating isolated local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), their efficacy needs to be revaluated with comparison to 2D conventional radiotherapy (RT).

Methods

Four hundred ten patients with recurrent NPC were retrospectively analyzed, among whom the patients underwent IMRT, endoscopic nasopharyngectomy, and 2D conventional RT.

Results

The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis‐free survival were significantly higher in endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and IMRT groups than in 2D conventional RT group both in the entire series and in the subgroup of patients with recurrent T1 to 2 NPC (p < .05), except in the subgroup of recurrent T3 to 4 stratifications (IMRT vs 2D conventional RT; 28.8% vs 16.8%; p = .351). Furthermore, endoscopic nasopharyngectomy was associated with better OS than IMRT in the recurrent T1 to 2 subgroup (79.2% vs 62.1%; p = .007). Multivariate analysis indicated therapeutic modality was an independent predictor of OS and distant metastasis‐free survival (p < .001).

Conclusion

Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and IMRT are associated with an improved OS and distant metastasis‐free survival of patients with recurrent NPC compared to 2D conventional RT in early recurrent disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1108–1115, 2015
How High‐Commitment HRM Relates to Engagement and Commitment: The Moderating Role of Task Proficiency
Authors: Boon Corine , Kalshoven Karianne
Published: April 2014

In a multisource field study, we examine the relationship between employee perceptions of high‐commitment human resource management (HRM), task proficiency, work engagement, and organizational commitment. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, we first propose that work engagement mediates the relationship between high‐commitment HRM and organizational commitment. Second, we propose a mediated moderation model in which employees’ task proficiency moderates the relationship between high‐commitment HRM and work engagement, which in turn affects organizational commitment. Results indicate that the relationship between high‐commitment HRM and organizational commitment was fully mediated by work engagement. Results also supported the mediated moderation model. A significant indirect effect was found from high‐commitment HRM to commitment via engagement for low task proficiency, but not for high task proficiency. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Does Relative Deprivation Influence Employee Intention to Leave a Merged Company? The Role of Organizational Identification
Authors: Cho Bongsoon , Lee Dongseop , Kim Kwanghyun
Published: April 2014

Recognizing the importance of postmerger integration from a human resource management perspective, this study explores the relationship between employee perceptions of relative deprivation during a merger and acquisition (M&A) process and their turnover intentions. Drawing on social identity theory, we investigate whether the relationship between relative deprivation and turnover intention can be mediated by employee organizational identification. The results, based on a two‐phase survey of 222 employees in a merged Korean company, show that egoistic relative deprivation, defined as people's feelings of deprivation due to their dissatisfaction with their position as an individual, predicts employee turnover intention. Moreover, employee identification with the postmerger organization was found to fully mediate the relationship between egoistic relative deprivation and turnover intention. The article concludes with theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research directions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An evaluation of interrupted and uninterrupted measurement of vocal stereotypy on perceived treatment outcomes
Authors: Carroll Regina A. , Kodak Tiffany
Published: April 2014

The type of procedure used to measure a target behavior may directly influence the perceived treatment outcomes. In the present study, we examined the influence of different data‐analysis procedures on the outcomes of two commonly used treatments on the vocal stereotypy of 2 children with an autism spectrum disorder. In Study 1, we compared an interrupted and uninterrupted data‐analysis procedure to measure vocal stereotypy during the implementation of response interruption and redirection (RIRD). The results showed that the interrupted data‐analysis procedure overestimated the effectiveness of RIRD. In Study 2, we examined the influence of different data‐analysis procedures on the interpretation of the relative effects of 2 different treatments for vocal stereotypy. Specifically, we compared interrupted and uninterrupted data‐analysis procedures during the implementation of RIRD and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) as a treatment for vocal stereotypy. The results showed that, as in Study 1, the interrupted data‐analysis procedure overestimated the effectiveness of RIRD; however, this effect was not apparent with NCR. These findings suggest that different types of data analysis can influence the perceived success of a treatment.
Measurement scale influences in the evaluation of sight‐word reading interventions
Authors: Yaw Jared , Skinner Christopher H. , Delisle Jean , Skinner Amy L. , Maurer Kristin , Cihak David , Wilhoit Brian , Booher Joshua
Published: April 2014

Working with elementary students with disabilities, we used alternating treatment designs to evaluate and compare the effects of 2 computer‐based flash card sight‐word reading interventions, 1 with 1‐s response intervals and another with 5‐s response intervals. In Study 1, we held instructional time constant, applying both interventions for 3 min. Although students completed 6 learning trials per word during each 1‐s session and 2 trials per word during each 5‐s session, results showed similar acquisition rates for 1‐s and 5‐s words. During Study 2, we held learning trials constant (3 per word) and allowed instructional time to vary. When we measured learning using cumulative instructional sessions, the interventions appeared to cause similar increases in acquisition rates. When the same learning data were measured and plotted using cumulative instructional seconds, all participants showed greater learning rates under the 1‐s intervention. Discussion focuses on how measurement scales can influence comparative effectiveness studies.
Osteochondral regeneration using an oriented nanofiber yarn‐collagen type I/hyaluronate hybrid/TCP biphasic scaffold
Authors: Liu Shen , Wu Jinglei , Liu Xudong , Chen Desheng , Bowlin Gary L. , Cao Lei , Lu Jianxi , Li Fengfeng , Mo Xiumei , Fan Cunyi
Published: April 2014

Osteochondral defects affect both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone, but poor osteochondral regeneration is still a daunting challenge. Although the tissue engineering technology provides a promising approach for osteochondral repair, an ideal biphasic scaffold is in high demand with regards to proper biomechanical strength. In this study, an oriented poly(l‐lacticacid)‐co‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) P(LLA‐CL)/collagen type I(Col‐I) nanofiber yarn mesh, fabricated by dynamic liquid electrospinning served as a skeleton for a freeze‐dried Col‐I/Hhyaluronate (HA) chondral phase (SPONGE) to enhance the mechanical strength of the scaffold. In vitro results show that the Yarn Col‐I/HA hybrid scaffold (Yarn‐CH) can allow the cell infiltration like sponge scaffolds. Using porous beta‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as the osseous phase, the Yarn‐CH/TCP biphasic scaffold was then assembled by freeze drying. After combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the biphasic complex was successfully used to repair the osteochondral defects in a rabbit model with greatly improved repairing scores and compressive modulus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 581–592, 2015.
Electrospinning of unidirectionally and orthogonally aligned thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers: Fiber orientation and cell migration
Authors: Mi Hao‐Yang , Salick Max R. , Jing Xin , Crone Wendy C. , Peng Xiang‐Fang , Turng Lih‐Sheng
Published: April 2014

Unidirectionally and orthogonally aligned thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers were electrospun using a custom‐built electrospinning device. The unidirectionally aligned fibers were collected using two parallel copper plates, and the orthogonally aligned fibers were collected using two orthogonal sets of parallel copper plates with alternate negative connections. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were added to modify the polymer solution. It was found that both CNT and PAA were capable of increasing solution conductivity. The TPU/PAA fiber showed the highest degree of fiber orientation with more than 90% of the fibers having an orientation angle between −10° and 10° for unidirectionally aligned fibers, and for orthogonally aligned fibers, the orientation angle of 50% fibers located between –10° and 10° and 48% fibers located between 80° and 100°. Viability assessment of 3T3 fibroblasts cultured on TPU/PAA fibers suggested that the material was cytocompatible. The cells' orientation and migration direction closely matched the fibers' orientation. The cell migration velocity and distance were both enhanced with the guidance of fibers compared with cells cultured on random fibers and common tissue culture plastic. Controlling cell migration velocity and directionality may provide ways to influence differentiation and gene expression and systems that would allow further exploration of wound repair and metastatic cell behavior. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 593–603, 2015.
Influence of Aromatase Inhibition on the Bone-Protective Effects of Testosterone
Authors: Beck Darren T , Yarrow Joshua F , Beggs Luke A , Otzel Dana M , Ye Fan , Conover Christine F , Miller Julie R , Balaez Alexander , Combs Sarah M , Leeper Alicia M , Williams Alyssa A , Lachacz Stephanie A , Zheng Nigel , Wronski Thomas J , Borst Stephen E
Published: April 2014

The influence of the aromatase enzyme in androgen-induced bone maintenance after skeletal maturity remains somewhat unclear. Our purpose was to determine whether aromatase activity is essential to androgen-induced bone maintenance. Ten-month-old male Fisher 344 rats (n = 73) were randomly assigned to receive Sham surgery, orchiectomy (ORX), ORX + anastrozole (AN; aromatase inhibitor), ORX + testosterone-enanthate (TE, 7.0 mg/wk), ORX + TE + AN, ORX + trenbolone-enanthate (TREN; nonaromatizable, nonestrogenic testosterone analogue; 1.0 mg/wk), or ORX + TREN + AN. ORX animals exhibited histomorphometric indices of high-turnover osteopenia and reduced cancellous bone volume compared with Shams. Both TE and TREN administration suppressed cancellous bone turnover similarly and fully prevented ORX-induced cancellous bone loss. TE- and TREN-treated animals also exhibited greater femoral neck shear strength than ORX animals. AN co-administration slightly inhibited the suppression of bone resorption in TE-treated animals but did not alter TE-induced suppression of bone formation or the osteogenic effects of this androgen. In TREN-treated animals, AN co-administration produced no discernible effects on cancellous bone turnover or bone volume. ORX animals also exhibited reduced levator ani/bulbocavernosus (LABC) muscle mass and elevated visceral adiposity. In contrast, TE and TREN produced potent myotrophic effects in the LABC muscle and maintained fat mass at the level of Shams. AN co-administration did not alter androgen-induced effects on muscle or fat. In conclusion, androgens are able to induce direct effects on musculoskeletal and adipose tissue, independent of aromatase activity. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Thalassemia Bone Disease: A 19-Year Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Wong Phillip , Fuller Peter J , Gillespie Matthew T , Kartsogiannis Vicky , Kerr Peter G , Doery James CG , Paul Eldho , Bowden Donald K , Strauss Boyd J , Milat Frances
Published: April 2014

Thalassemia is an inherited disorder of alpha or beta globin chain synthesis leading to ineffective erythropoiesis requiring chronic transfusion therapy in its most severe form. This leads to iron overload, marrow expansion, and hormonal complications, which are implicated in bone deformity and loss of bone mineral density (BMD). In this 19-year retrospective longitudinal study, the relationships between BMD (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and risk factors for osteoporosis in 277 subjects with transfusion-dependent thalassemia were examined. The mean age at first review was 23.2 ± 11.9 years and 43.7% were male. Hypogonadism was present in 28.9%. Fractures were confirmed in 11.6% of subjects and were more frequent in males (16.5%) compared with females (7.7%). Lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total body (TB) Z-scores were derived. Patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia had a significant longitudinal decline in BMD at the FN and TB. In the linear mixed-model analysis of BMD and risk factors for bone loss, FN Z-score was more significantly associated with risk factors compared with the LS and TB. The rate of decline at the FN was 0.02 Z-score per year and was 3.85-fold greater in males. The decline in FN Z-score over the last 5 years (years 15 to 19) was 2.5-fold that of the previous 7 years (years 8 to 14) and coincided with a change in iron chelator therapy from desferrioxamine to deferasirox. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels positively correlated with higher TB and LS Z-scores. In conclusion, the FN is the preferred site for follow-up of BMD. Male patients with β-thalassemia experienced a greater loss of BMD and had a higher prevalence of fractures compared with females. Transfusing patients (particularly males) to a higher Hb target may reduce the decline in BMD. Whether deferasirox is implicated in bone loss warrants further study. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interferon‐α is not elevated in idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura patients
Authors: Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Whinna Herbert C. , Park Yara A.
Published: April 2014

Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) patients have ADAMTS13 deficiency, which is usually caused by ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. However, the triggering factors for the autoantibody production remain unclear. Interferon‐α (IFN‐α) is a cytokine involved with many autoimmune processes such as inducing the activation of peripheral dendritic cells and stimulating T cells and B cells. It also plays an important role in some autoimmune diseases. Elevated IFN‐α levels have been observed in some TTP patients and previous case reports have shown the occurrence of TTP after IFN‐α treatment. Thus, we hypothesized that high levels of IFN‐α would correlate with presence of ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. However, we did not observe elevated IFN‐α levels in 36 TTP patients (mean 5.29 pg/ml, standard deviation (SD) 26.56 pg/ml) compared to healthy controls (mean 0 pg/ml, SD 0 pg/ml), P = 0.59. IFN‐α levels of most patients (94%) were undetectable. Only two patients had increased IFN‐α levels and ADAMTS13 autoantibodies were detected in these two patients. Interestingly, both the patients had an underlying autoimmune disease. Although there have been cases of secondary TTP following IFN‐α treatment, no evidence supports a role of IFN‐α in the development of idiopathic TTP in our patient population. J. Clin. Apheresis 29:336–338 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advanced lytic lesion is a poor mobilization factor in peripheral blood stem cell collection in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Jung Sung‐Hoon , Yang Deok‐Hwan , Ahn Jae‐Sook , Kim Yeo‐Kyeoung , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon , Lee Je‐Jung
Published: April 2014

This study examined the incidence and predictors of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization failure in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Retrospective data for 104 patients who received granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) alone or with cyclophosphamide as mobilization regimens were analyzed. The rates of mobilization failure using two definitions of failure (< 2 × 106 and < 4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg) following the first collection attempt were 16.3 and 33.7%, respectively. Predictors of mobilization failure were evaluated using logistic regression analysis which included age, advanced osteolytic lesions, bone marrow cellularity before mobilization, platelet count, body mass index before mobilization, and mobilization method. Lytic bone lesions were assessed using a conventional skeletal survey, and advanced osteolytic lesions were defined as lytic lesions in more than three skeletal sites regardless of the number of lytic lesions. On multivariate analysis, advanced osteolytic lesions [hazard ratio (HR) = 10.95, P = 0.001] and age ≥60 years (HR = 5.45, P = 0.016) were associated with a PBSC yield < 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg, and advanced osteolytic lesions (HR = 5.08, P = 0.006), white blood cell count ≤4,000/µL before mobilization (HR = 4.72, P = 0.005), and G‐CSF only mobilization (HR 10.52, P < 0.001) were associated with PBSC yield < 4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. The data suggest that an advanced osteolytic lesion is a significant predictor of mobilization failure in MM patients. J. Clin. Apheresis 29:305–310 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photodegradation of textile dye using magnetically recyclable heterogeneous spinel ferrites
Authors: Sharma Rimi , Singhal Sonal
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

The extensive use of dyes in textile industries leads to discharge of dye effluents into water bodies which causes problem to human and aquatic life. In this regard, magnetic nanospinels having formula MFe2O4 (M = Cu, Zn, Ni and Co) were developed and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflactance spectra (DRS). The activity of all the ferrites as heterogeneous Fenton and photo‐Fenton catalysts was evaluated by degradation of Remazol Black 5 (RB5) which is used in the textile industry to dye cotton.

RESULTS

The optimum reaction conditions for the degradation reactions were 0.50 g L‐1 ferrite, pH 2.5, H2O2 8 mmol L‐1 and dye 50 mg L‐1. Among the four ferrites CuFe2O4 was found to be best (k = 0.228 min‐1) which might be attributed to coupling between Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu+/Cu2+ redox pairs thus generating more efficient Fenton reagent. Reusability of all the catalysts after magnetic separation was also tested over four cycles.

CONCLUSION

All the spinel ferrites had good photodegradation ability and recyclability demonstrating their use to remove organic pollutants from wastewater. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Increasing the Use of Evidence‐Based Teaching in STEM Higher Education: A Comparison of Eight Change Strategies
Authors: Borrego Maura , Henderson Charles
Published: April 2014

Background

Prior efforts have built a knowledge base of effective undergraduate STEM pedagogies, yet rates of implementation remain low. Theories from higher education, management, communication, and other fields can inform change efforts but remain largely inaccessible to STEM education leaders, who are just beginning to view change as a scholarly endeavor informed by the research literature.

Purpose

This article describes the goals, assumptions, and underlying logic of selected change strategies with potential relevance to STEM higher education settings for a target audience of change agents, leaders, and researchers.

Scope/Method

This review is organized according to the Four Categories of Change Strategies model developed by Henderson, Beach, and Finkelstein (2011). We describe eight strategies of potential practical relevance to STEM education change efforts (two from each category). For each change strategy, we present a summary with key references, discuss their applicability to STEM higher education, provide a STEM education example, and discuss implications for change efforts and research.

Conclusions

Change agents are guided, often implicitly, by a single change strategy. These eight strategies will expand the repertoire of change agents by helping them consider change from a greater diversity of perspectives. Change agents can use these descriptions to design more robust change efforts. Improvements in the knowledge and theory base underlying change strategies will occur when change agents situate their writing about change initiatives using shared models, such as the one presented in this article, to make their underlying assumptions about change more explicit.
Bridging the Research‐to‐Practice Gap: Designing an Institutional Change Plan Using Local Evidence
Authors: Finelli Cynthia J. , Daly Shanna R. , Richardson Kenyon M.
Published: April 2014

Background

Ample research provides evidence about the influence of effective teaching practices on student success. Yet the adoption of such practices has been slow at many institutions. Efforts to bridge the gap between research and practice are needed.

Purpose

We describe an institutional change plan we developed to bridge this research‐to‐ practice gap. Our plan is grounded in research and theories about faculty motivation and organizational change, and we designed it using local evidence from the University of Michigan College of Engineering.

Design/Method

We collected local data from three sources to provide context for our institutional change plan. First, faculty focus groups allowed us to determine factors that influence faculty adoption of effective teaching practices. Second, classroom observations allowed us to ascertain current teaching practices. Third, a student survey allowed us to identify teaching practices perceived by students to enhance their success. We used this local evidence with a “who/what/how” decision‐making process to design our change plan.

Results

Our institutional change plan for accelerating the adoption of effective teaching practices comprises a faculty action plan and an administrative change plan. Although still evolving, there is evidence of the success of both parts.

Conclusions

Local evidence is critical in our change plan. Change agents wishing to bridge the research‐to‐practice gap at their own institutions can design a plan that adapts our process and integrates relevant research and theory with their own local data.
Changing Engineering Education: Views of U.S. Faculty, Chairs, and Deans
Authors: Besterfield‐Sacre Mary , Cox Monica F. , Borrego Maura , Beddoes Kacey , Zhu Jiabin
Published: April 2014

Background

Many reports present a vision of what engineering education should look like, but few describe how this should happen. An American Society for Engineering Education initiative in 2006 attempted to bridge this gap by engaging faculty, chairs, and deans in discussion of change in engineering education; results were reported in a Phase I report (2009). In a second phase, survey data were integrated into a Phase II report (2012).

Purpose

This article uses the ASEE survey results to identify promising pathways for transforming engineering undergraduate education.

Design/Method

The survey asked faculty, chairs, and deans at engineering departments at 156 U.S. institutions to reflect on the recommendations of the Phase I report. Quantitative and qualitative responses were separately analyzed and then mixed by mapping findings to the Four Categories of Change Strategies model developed by Henderson et al. (2011), which frames the results and illustrates gaps and opportunities.

Results

Responses mapped to three of the four categories of the model that were most commonly used in other STEM education efforts: developing and disseminating new instructional approaches, supporting faculty members in their own scholarly teaching, and implementing policies that enable and reward teaching innovation. No responses mapped to developing a shared vision through activities such as strategic planning.

Conclusions

The greatest promise for transformative change in engineering education lies in developing a shared vision for educational innovation. The findings of this article provide a foundation for ongoing discussion and evaluating progress.
Faculty Motivation: A Gateway to Transforming Engineering Education
Authors: Matusovich Holly M. , Paretti Marie C. , McNair Lisa D. , Hixson Cory
Published: April 2014

Background

Transformative change in higher education requires a continuous interplay between educational research and educational practice. In considering how to engage researchers and practitioners in “cycles of educational practice and research” (Jamieson & Lohmann, 2009), we focus on individuals and what motivates them to create and sustain innovations within the engineering education system.

Purpose

Through this study, we seek to better understand why faculty do or do not engage in the research–practice cycle. Specifically, we employ expectancy value theory and examine the success and value beliefs motivating individuals' choices.

Design/Method

We used mixed methods assessment data from two engineering education conferences that focused on promoting transformational change. Data included observational notes, open‐ended written responses submitted after conference sessions, open‐ended survey questions, and quantitative survey questions. For data analysis. we used descriptive statistics and open coding techniques.

Results

We identified expectancy of success and cost value and utility value as important to participants. Notably, the same motivation constructs generally matter for research, practice, and research‐informed practice, although practice‐informed research was nearly absent from the data. Participants cited strategies that are currently working to improve only some of the success and value categories.

Conclusions

Expectancy value theory provides a useful framework for understanding faculty choices in the research–practice cycles required for change and innovation in engineering education. Our findings indicate that in addition to improving individuals' competence with critical research and teaching practices, our field should also support collective efficacy and value beliefs.
Research‐Informed Policy Change: A Retrospective on Engineering Admissions
Authors: Holloway Beth M. , Reed Teri , Imbrie P. K. , Reid Ken
Published: April 2014

Background

Few studies have investigated how engineering education admission policies contribute to the underrepresentation of specific groups. Transforming these policies may significantly affect who becomes an engineer. This article reports the outcome of using research results to inform change in admission policy at a Midwestern public university.

Purpose

There were three research questions: Is there statistically significant evidence of admission decision gender bias for engineering applicants? Do affective and cognitive factors predictive of engineering student success differ between men and women? Can a difference in the resulting admitted class be confirmed when such factors inform admission policy?

Design/Method

Admissions records were examined for differences in cognitive metrics between men and women. Student records were analyzed before and after the policy change. Neural network modeling of student records predicted the cognitive and affective measures most important for success in retention and graduation.

Results

Statistical analysis indicated a gender bias in the admission process results, which was traced back to the policy. Success factor modeling suggested a different set of criteria could mitigate this bias. After admission criteria were changed, statistical analysis confirmed the gender bias against women was mitigated.

Conclusions

The application of research and the change process described shows the important role of research in motivating and informing policy change. This work highlights the contribution of institutional bias in admission policy to the underrepresentation of groups in engineering education, especially if admission is limited to a minimum standardized math test score.
Predicting factors for unresectability in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Okada Ken‐ichi , Kawai Manabu , Tani Masaji , Hirono Seiko , Miyazawa Motoki , Shimizu Atsushi , Kitahata Yuji , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: April 2014

Background

The aim of the present study was to identify the predicting factors for unresectability and to clarify who should receive precise evaluations for distant metastasis and locally advanced unresectability in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods

A total of 200 consecutive patients with PDAC who presented to the outpatient clinic between June 2009 and October 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical factors and the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9, DUPAN‐2 (pancreatic cancer‐associated antigen) and CA 125 were analyzed.

Results

Of the 200 patients who were investigated for PDAC, 60 (30%) were initially considered unresectable (15 patients with locally advanced tumors, 45 patients with distant metastases). Of the 136 (68%) patients who were surgically explored, 19 (9.5%) were detected to have minute metastases on laparotomy. A multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (≥30 mm) and abnormalities in the levels of DUPAN‐2 and CA 125 were independent predictors of unresectability (P = 0.002, 0.014, < 0.001, respectively). The patients with triple positive findings presented with the highest sensitivity (78.8%) for unresectability.

Conclusions

Patients with triple positive findings for a tumor size ≥30 mm, abnormalities in the levels of DUPAN‐2 and CA 125 should receive precise evaluations for unresectability.
Four Syntheses of 4‐Amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole
Authors: Ek Stefan , Latypov Nikolaj V.
Published: April 2014

In this paper, syntheses of 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole from four different starting materials are described. The starting materials were 4‐nitropyrazole, 4‐nitro‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole, 3,5‐dinitropyrazole, and 4‐chloropyrazole, respectively. They are compared in terms of yield, number of steps and suitability for scale‐up into pilot scale production. The overall yield, calculated from commercially available starting materials, ranged from 21% in the case of synthesis via 3,5‐dinitropyrazole up to 61% for the one starting from 4‐chloropyrazole. With numerous factors taken into account, the latter was chosen for a pilot scale study and the product could be produced in batches of 200 g.
A Facile Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Esters of γ‐Keto Acid Derivatives by Heck Coupling Reaction
Authors: Shashikumar Nellisara D. , Krishnamurthy G. , Bhojyanaik Halehatti S.
Published: April 2014

γ‐Keto acids and esters are highly useful compounds in organic synthesis, because a number of five‐membered carbocycles and various other heterocycles can be readily obtained from them. A number of γ‐keto acids derivatives have been synthesized with high yield by Heck coupling reaction with different alkenes using Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst in dioxane solvent. The obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, proton NMR, and mass spectral studies.
Facile Methods for the Synthesis of 5‐Aryl and 5‐Iodo Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Venkata Rao K. , Raghu Prasad M. , Raghuram Rao A.
Published: April 2014

An efficient and environmentally benign one‐pot method has been developed for the synthesis of 4‐amino‐5‐arylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines. Phthalimido acetophenones were reacted with cyanoacetamide to give 2‐amino‐4‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxamides, which were further converted to 5‐aryl‐3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones. A novel method is also developed for the synthesis of 4‐amino‐5‐iodopyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
A Divergent Synthesis of Spiropyrazole Derivatives Containing Iminolactone and/or Cyclic Imide Moiety
Authors: Masumoto Eiichi , Maruoka Hiroshi , Okabe Fumi , Fujioka Toshihiro , Yamagata Kenji
Published: April 2014

An approach to spiropyrazole derivatives containing iminolactone and/or cyclic imide moiety starting from 1H‐pyrazole‐4‐acetic acid derivative is described. Hydrolysis of C‐cyanomethylated 1H‐pyrazole‐4‐acetic acid methyl ester (1), which was easily prepared from 1H‐pyrazole‐4‐acetic acid derivative by a C‐cyanomethylation, led to the C‐cyanomethylated 1H‐pyrazole‐4‐acetic acid (2). Compound 2 was reacted with ethanol in the presence of tin(IV) chloride in refluxing chloroform to give the key intermediate ethyl imidate (3). Sodium hydride‐assisted lactonization of 3 in N,N‐dimethylformamide afforded the spiropyrazole derivative containing iminolactone moiety (4). On the other hand, thermal treatment of 3 with sodium acetate in the absence of solvent caused another intramolecular cyclization to yield the spiropyrazole derivative containing cyclic imide moiety (6).
Four‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles Bearing 1‐(2‐Phenylselenocyclohexyl) Group
Authors: Sheng Wusheng , Sheng Shouri , Zeng Jiangbo , Huang Zhenzhong , Cai Mingzhong
Published: April 2014

An efficient, one‐pot, three‐step, regioselective synthesis of 4‐substituted 1‐(2‐phenylselenocyclohexyl)‐1,2,3‐triazoles, involving in situ generation of l‐azido‐2‐phenylselenocyclohexane has been developed via four‐component reaction of phenylselenenyl bromide, cyclohexene, sodium azide and terminal alkynes catalyzed by copper iodide in a mixture of DMF/THF (1:1) at room temperature under mild conditions with simple workup and good yields.
Reaction of Some Indoles with 1,4‐Naphthoquinones in the Presence of Pd(OAc)2
Authors: Tanoue Yasuhiro , Kai Norihisa , Nagai Takeshi , Noda Mikio
Published: April 2014

The reaction available for the introduction of an indole unit into the 1,4‐naphthoquinone skeleton is described. The reaction of the indoles with 1,4‐naphthoquinones in CH3CN in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 gave the corresponding 2‐(3‐indolyl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones in moderate yield.
An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroline‐Fused Acridine Derivatives Catalyzed by Silica Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Hu Ming‐Hua , Lin Wei , Cao Cheng‐Pao , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: April 2014

A simple and efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3,4‐kl]acridine‐1‐one derivatives via the cascade reaction of isatins with enaminones catalyzed by silica sulfuric acid (SSA) has been established. In this reactions, SSA shows a highly catalytic nature: easy to handle procedure, short reaction time, recycle exploitation, insensitivity to air and moisture, and excellent isolated yields. The catalyst could be recycled at least five times.
Characterization of the chemical constituents in Da‐Huang‐Gan‐Cao‐Tang by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Shufang , Chen Pinghong , Xu Yimin , Li Xiaodong , Fan Xiaohui
Published: April 2014

In this work, the chemical constituents in Da‐Huang‐Gan‐Cao‐Tang, a traditional Chinese formula, were studied by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry for the first time. Among the 146 compounds detected in Da‐Huang‐Gan‐Cao‐Tang, 104 compounds were identified unambiguously or tentatively based on their accurate molecular weight and multistage MS data, including one potential novel compound and two reported in Glycyrrhiza genus for the first time. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed and fragmentation rules of the major types of compounds were concluded. This study provided an example to facilitate the tedious identification of chemical composition in traditional Chinese medicine, and maybe a promising reference approach to research the analogous formulae.
Synthesis of a nano‐sized chiral imprinted polymer and its use as an (S)‐atenolol carrier in the bulk liquid membrane
Authors: Alizadeh Taher
Published: April 2014

In this work, nanosized chiral imprinted polymers containing (S)‐atenolol ((S)‐ATN) selective sites were synthesized by using suspension polymerization in silicon oil. (S)‐ATN, methacrylic acid, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were used as enantiomerically pure template, functional monomer, and cross‐linker, respectively. The prepared chiral imprinted polymers were used as the carrier elements in a bulk liquid membrane (BLM). (S)‐ATN transport capability of the chiral imprinted polymers was compared with that of the nonimprinted polymer. It was shown that chiral imprinted polymers could transport (S)‐ATN through the BLM more effectively than (R)‐ATN, whereas no difference in the facilitated transport was observed between (R)‐ATN and (S)‐ATN when using nonimprinted polymer particles as the carrier element in the BLM. A kinetic model was proposed for the transportation of (S)‐ATN through the chiral imprinted polymers based BLM. It was found that the extraction of ATN from the source to the membrane controls the chiral separation process. It was also found that the pH of source and receiving phases as well as the racemic ATN concentration in source phase had very crucial effect on the chiral separation efficiency.
Combination of dispersive solid‐phase extraction and salting‐out homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in cereal grains
Authors: Jia Chunhong , Zhu Xiaodan , Wang Jihua , Zhao Ercheng , He Min , Chen Li , Yu Pingzhong
Published: April 2014

A new analytical method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in cereal samples was developed by combining dispersive SPE (d‐SPE) and salting‐out homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (SHLLE). The pesticides were first extracted from cereal grains with acetonitrile, followed by d‐SPE cleanup. A 2 mL aliquot of the extract was then added to a centrifuge tube containing 9.2 mL water and 3.3 g NaCl for SHLLE. Analysis of the extract was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with flame photometric detection. The d‐SPE procedure effectively provides the necessary cleanup of the extract while SHLLE is used as an efficient concentration technique. Experimental parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including amounts of added water and salt were investigated. Recovery studies were carried out at three fortification levels, yielding recoveries in the range of 57.7–98.1% with the RSD from 3.7 to 10.9%. The reported limits of determination obtained from this study were 1 μg/kg, which is better than the conventional methods. In the analysis of 40 wheat and corn samples taken from Beijing suburbs, only two wheat samples have chlorpyrifos residue over the limits of determination.
Modelling of chloride ingress into concrete through a single‐ion approach. Application to an idealized surface crack pattern
Authors: Guzmán Santiago , Gálvez Jaime C. , Sancho José M.
Published: April 2014

The paper examines ion (chloride) transport equations in porous media (concrete) integrated over a representative elementary volume, that is to say, averaging over the macroscopic level the phenomena that occur really at the pore scale. There are three basic variables to be used: chloride concentration, moisture and temperature. The diffusion process is examined, in addition to other phenomena such as convection (the motion of dissolved substances caused by flow of water in a pore solution of partially saturated media) or chloride binding (the capacity of free chloride of being chemically bound, particularly with C3A to form Friedel salts). Contrary to other approaches, such effects are not considered by means of apparent diffusion coefficients but by developing the complete set of time‐dependent equations for both the chloride concentration within the pore solution and the moisture content within the pore space.

Once the general model is described, the system of equations can be solved numerically by means of a two‐dimensional finite element formulation. The main objective is to reproduce results of experimental tests by means of a priori parameter estimation, according to the characteristics of materials and external environment conditions, thereby superseding the well‐known best fit a posteriori through Fick's second equation.

While the introduction of hygrometric conditions and convection phenomena appears to be of high significance, other factors like temperature, surface concentration, chloride binding or equivalent hydration time are analysed too. The proposed model can reproduce bidimensional complex geometries, for example, cracked concrete cover, as well as variable surface condition. An application case is developed through a realistic model of the geometry of a crack. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed‐species biofilm compromises wound healing by disrupting epidermal barrier function
Authors: Roy Sashwati , Elgharably Haytham , Sinha Mithun , Ganesh Kasturi , Chaney Sarah , Mann Ethan , Miller Christina , Khanna Savita , Bergdall Valerie K , Powell Heather M , Cook Charles H , Gordillo Gayle M , Wozniak Daniel J , Sen Chandan K
Published: April 2014

In chronic wounds, biofilm infects host tissue for extended periods of time. This work establishes the first chronic preclinical model of wound biofilm infection aimed at addressing the long‐term host response. Although biofilm‐infected wounds did not show marked differences in wound closure, the repaired skin demonstrated compromised barrier function. This observation is clinically significant, because it leads to the notion that even if a biofilm infected wound is closed, as observed visually, it may be complicated by the presence of failed skin, which is likely to be infected and/or further complicated postclosure. Study of the underlying mechanisms recognized for the first time biofilm‐inducible miR‐146a and miR‐106b in the host skin wound‐edge tissue. These miRs silenced ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 to compromise tight junction function, resulting in leaky skin as measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting biofilm‐inducible miRNAs may be productive in restoring the barrier function of host skin. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of kenaf contents and fiber orientation on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid laminated composites for vehicle spall liners
Authors: Yahaya R. , Sapuan S.M. , Jawaid M. , Leman Z. , Zainudin E.S.
Published: April 2014

The aim of this work is to study the effect of kenaf volume content and fiber orientation on tensile and flexural properties of kenaf/Kevlar hybrid composites. Hybrid composites were prepared by laminating aramid fabric (Kevlar 29) with kenaf in three orientations (woven, 0o/90o cross ply uni‐directional (UD), and non‐woven mat) with different kenaf fiber loadings from 15 to 20% and total fiber loading (Kenaf and Kevlar) of 27–49%. The void content varies between 11.5–37.7% to laminate with UD and non‐woven mat, respectively. The void content in a woven kenaf structure is 16.2%. Tensile and flexural properties of kenaf/Kevlar hybrid composites were evaluated. Results indicate that UD kenaf fibers reinforced composites display better tensile and flexural properties as compared to woven and non‐woven mat reinforced hybrid composites. It is also noticed that increasing volume fraction of kenaf fiber in hybrid composites reduces tensile and flexural properties. Tensile fracture of hybrid composites was morphologically analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs of Kevlar composite failed in two major modes; fiber fracture by the typical splitting process along with, extensive longitudinal matrix and interfacial shear fracture. UD kenaf structure observed a good interlayer bonding and low matrix cracking/debonding. Damage in composite with woven kenaf shows weak kenaf‐matrix bonding. Composite with kenaf mat contains the high void in laminates and poor interfacial bonding. These results motivate us to further study the potential of using kenaf in woven and UD structure in hybrid composites to improve the ballistic application, for example, vehicle spall‐liner. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1469–1476, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers