bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical features of bitumen shows in the Lower-Middle Devonian deposits of the Northern-Western part of Kotelny Island (Novosibirsk Island Archipelago) v
Authors: Zueva Iraida N. , Chalaya Olga N. , Lifshits Sara H. , Glyaznetsova Julia S. , Prokopiev Andrey V. , Ershova Viktoria B. , Vasiliev Dmitry A. , Khudoley Andrey K.
Published: August 2019

The work presents the results of organic matter (OM) study of rocks, the composition, chemical structure of chloroform bitumen (CB), their fractions and the nature of the hydrocarbon biomarkers distribution in samples taken from outcrops. The obtained results confirmed the existing idea of ​​the domanicoid nature of OM and the high oil and gas potential of the studied deposits. According to our data, the aquagenic type of OM is indicated by a high content of Corg, a high yield of CB, a high content of oils in the composition of synbitumoids, and the predominance of relatively low molecular weight n-alkanes with a maximum at nС15-18. A sufficient maturity of bitumen can be judged by CPI coefficients close to unity and low absorption coefficients of oxygen-containing groups and bonds in the CB, thus deposits entered the main oil generation zone and generated liquid hydrocarbons that could migrate and form clusters. According to the data of Chromato Mass Spectrometry, it is shown that a feature of the composition of CB from the Lower Devonian sediments is the presence of high concentrations of dibenzothiophenes, in contrast to the Middle Devonian, which may be associated with the formation of the initial OM in an environment with higher hydrogen sulfide contamination of sediments. It has been suggested that naphthides generated by aquagenic OM of the Lower Devonian deposits can be enriched with dibenzothiophenes. The studied bitumen shows are mainly syngenetic in nature and have been influenced by hypergenic oxidation (judging by the nature of the IR spectra of resinous components) and contact metamorphism. According to the characteristics of the distribution of saturated hydrocarbons, it was shown that, in the Middle Devonian, bitumen occurrences along with chemical oxidation were affected to a different degree of bacterial oxidation processes, in contrast to the Lower Devonian bitumen shows. The results can be used to assess the generation potential of oil source strata and to forecast the prospects of oil and gas potential in the shelf of the eastern sector of the Russian part of the Arctic.
Study of the thermal influence on the displacement of high-viscous oil by reservoir water from the Bashkirian core of Akansky field
Authors: Khayrtdinov Ruslan K. , Sattarov Aidar I. , Sotnikov Oleg S. , Remeev Marat M. , Islamov Ilshat A. , Mannanov Ildar I. , Beloshapka Ivan E. , Ganiev Dinis I.
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the results of physical laboratory modeling of nonisothermal oil displacement by formation water on model composite core samples of the Akansky field, performed on a VINCI CFS-700 filtration unit.
In the work, the influence of the permeability of composite core samples on the results of nonisothermal oil displacement by formation water was studied. An analysis of the performed experiments shows that the influence of the temperature regime on the displacement coefficient manifests itself to varying degrees on samples of different permeabilities. The change in the displacement coefficient at various temperature conditions occurs most strongly in low-permeability rock samples, in high-permeability rocks the changes are less significant. Use for displacing produced water with a temperature below the initial formation water (within 2-5ºС) provokes a greater decrease in the displacement coefficient than the use of slightly heated water (within 7ºС).
The presence of highly differentiated rock samples by permeability revealed when drilling productive formations significantly complicates the processes of oil displacement. The local highly permeable sections available in the context of productive formations can act as intensifying the process of displacing the zone with the right choice of temperature and exposure technology.
Aquathermolysis of heavy oil in the presence of bimetallic catalyst that form in-situ from the mixture of oil-soluble iron and cobalt precursors
Authors: Baygildin Emil R. , Sitnov Sergey A. , Vakhin Alexey V. , Sharifullin Andrey V. , Amerkhanov Marat I. , Garifullina Elvira I.
Published: August 2019

The design of highly efficient catalysts of cracking reactions for intensification of thermal enhanced oil recovery technologies is a relevant task. Moreover, the cost-effective industrial synthesis of such catalysts is very important. In this paper, we discuss the efficiency of bimetallic catalyst, which forms in-situ from the mixture of oil-soluble iron and cobalt precursors, on the processes of upgrading heavy oil in the reservoir of Tatarstan Republic (Russia). A simulation of aquathermolysis was carried out in a high-pressure reactor – autoclave at 150-250оС. The treatment time varied from 6 to 24 hours and the share of catalyst and hydrogen donor was 2 %wt. each. The phase composition of the active form of binary catalyst was estimated from the result of X-ray diffraction measurement. It is characterized by the presence of individual (Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) and mixed oxides with ideal stoichiometry – СоFe2O4. The formation of cobalt sulfide (CoS2) was observed, which indicates the destruction of C-S bonds in high-molecular components of oil. According to the results of SARA-analysis and rheology behavior, the catalyst intensifies destructive processes of resinous compounds (their content reduces more than 45%). This provides an increase in the content of saturated hydrocarbons by 16% and redistribution of aromatic fragments in hydrocarbons with hybrid structure. Thus, the reduction of dynamic viscosity by 32% was succeeded.
PANDANGAN ULAMA TERHADAP DAKWAH SALAFIYAH
Authors: Muhammadin Muhammadin
Published: August 2019

Salafi is the generation of the prophet’s companions and two generations afterwards. Salafi was born and developed from circle studies. They live naturally, and continue from generation to generation until now. The salafi dakwah is based on two principles: Tashfiyah and Tarbiyah which means purification and education. Salafiyah propaganda invites to aqidah and true worship, invites to study the scriptures of Islamic scholars and calling for tauhid (oneness of God). The focus of the propaganda always on what the Prophet taught, based on the understanding of the companions who in fact are the most knowledgeable about Islam. The emergence of the stern attitude of this salafi da'i is linked on two things: Firstly, this salafi prophecy is consistent and firmly stating between the haq and the wrong. Secondly, the mission of salafi upholds the principle of tashfiyah (Purification). The salafi dakwah is very consistent with the refinement of Islamic teachings. And it is very natural that there are teachings outside of Islam that are mixed in Islam must be rejected.
POLA KAJIAN HADIS AKADEMIK DI PERGURUAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN
Authors: Almunadi Almunadi
Published: August 2019

Hadith studies in Islamic Higher Education (PTAI) Indonesia has a pattern, variety and characteristics in accordance with their own peculiarities. The different types and forms of courses offered in the study of hadith indicate a continuous dynamic. From 1995 to 2016, the Department of Tafsir Hadith of the Faculty of Ushuluddin and Islamic Thought of Raden Fatah Palembang State Islamic University in which the Prodi Ilmu Hadith had taken shelter, has produced alumni of 276 alumni. Ideally the works should be disseminated to the public in order to have a positive impact on religious life. The reality is not so, until today no one has done a serious search through research. This research is important to know the pattern and typical of academic hadith study that developed in the students of Tafsir Hadith, especially the study program of Hadith in UIN Raden Fatah Palembang and contributed sufficiently in the development of Hadith studies in Indonesia. This type of research is a library research, because the object of literature review by tracing the data in the form of student thesis of Tafsir Hadith from 1996 to 2016 to then be described critically. The theoretical basis used is content analisys, by Harold D. Lasswell that records the symbol or message systematically then given the interpretation. While the nature of this study is qualitative, considering the focus of this research is the pattern of academic studies and its tendency
SIKAP DALAM MENGHADAPI KEMATIAN MENURUT AJARAN BUDDHA THERAVADA
Authors: Fitriyana Nur , Riani Puji
Published: August 2019

Death is something that is sure to happen to every creature. Everyone has a different reaction to facing death. Some may be afraid, others may become anxious, the rest accept it with a strong heart. In Buddhism, a person's attitude in the face of death is also taught, and also how to act against people who are facing death. Theravada Buddhism teaches how to prepare for death for yourself and how to calm people who are facing death by reciting the names of the Buddha
Angela Ferrari y Margarita Borreguero Zuloaga, La interfaz lengua-texto. Un modelo de estructura informativa
Authors: Salameh Jiménez Shima
Published: August 2019

Angela Ferrari y Margarita Borreguero Zuloaga, La interfaz lengua-texto. Un modelo de estructura informativa, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2015, 341 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16170-02-9
Robust Respect
Authors: Crooks Stacey
Published: August 2019

This paper is rooted in an assumption that the tenacity of deficit thinking in family literacy programs in Canada is partly a reflection of our colonial settler history. I explore how embracing an ethic of “robust respect” may offer a way of re-orienting family literacy programs away from deficit thinking and towards relationships. Drawing on observation of the Traditional Aboriginal Parenting Program, I describe how “robust respect” is characterized by building respectful relationships, valuing the other, and acknowledging the historical and political context in which family literacy work is located.
Estudantes universitários: estratégias e procedimentos para a permanência
Authors: Mattos Hellen Cristina Xavier da Silva , Fernandes Maria Cristina Da Silveira Galan
Published: August 2019

Este artigo visa analisar a permanência universitária com foco em estratégias e procedimentos selecionados pelos estudantes oriundos de escola pública para se manterem na universidade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com estudantes universitários oriundos de escola pública. O principal referencial teórico é Pierre Bourdieu. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes valorizam o respaldo institucional financeiro, porém assumem estratégias individuais para a solução de dificuldades pedagógicas e culturais. Conclui-se que as políticas de permanência universitária têm favorecido os estudantes economicamente, mas pouco têm contribuído para que superem as suas dificuldades culturais e pedagógicas.
Investigación y políticas institucionales para la inclusión en la universidad
Authors: Rocha Stella Maris Más , Mancovsky Viviana
Published: August 2019

El artículo se propone reflexionar sobre algunas cuestiones vinculadas a la democratización del acceso al sistema universitario argentino y sobre el diseño e implementación de políticas institucionales para la inclusión y la permanencia de los estudiantes en la universidad. Para ello, se presenta una descripción de los propósitos y resultados de la indagación teórica y empírica realizada en nuestro trabajo de investigación; se describe el crecimiento y la expansión del sistema universitario argentino en el cual surge la Universidad Nacional de San Martín; y se exponen tres proyectos institucionales que la UNSAM está desarrollando: la creación de una escuela secundaria dependiente de la Universidad, el Curso de Preparación Universitaria para quienes ingresan a las carreras de grado y el Programa Mentorías Entre Pares.
Significant Determiners of Greek Debt Crisis: A Comparative Analysis with Probit and MARS Approaches
Authors: Mızrak Filiz , Yüksel Serhat
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine major indicators of the Greek crisis that started in 2009 and the effects of which can still be observed. In this regard, 8 independent variables were applied so as to fulfill the objective. Besides, the annual data between the years 1984 and 2016 was analyzed with Probit model. As a consequence of this study, it was concluded that inflation and gross savings are the leading meters of Greek crisis based on probit method. On the other hand, according to the MARS results, 3 different variables are identified as the indicators of the debt crisis in Greece. It is concluded that there is a negative relation between financial crisis with saving ratio and current account balance. Additionally, it is also identified that high unemployment ratio leads to financial crisis. While comparisng the results of these two approaches, it is concluded that MARS is much more successful than the probit method to predict the debt crisis in Greece. It is strongly recommended that saving ratio should be increased in Greece. For this purpose, governments should take some actions in order to increase this ratio more than 15.5%. Within this framework, media channels can be used by the government to tell the people about the importance of the savings to have sustainable economic development.
Moderating role of transformational leadership styles of hospital management boards on adoption of mobile health innovations by hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Ngongo Bahati Prince , Ochola Phares , Ndegwa Joyce , Katuse Paul
Published: August 2019

Sub-Saharan Africa lags other regions in the adoption of both Patient-Centered (PC) and Facility Centered (FC) mobile health (m-health) applications. Transformational Leadership Style (TLS) of Hospital Management Boards (HMBs) is catalytic for the adoption of disruptive technologies such as m-health by hospitals. There is limited evidence on the effect of TLS of HMBs in the adoption of innovations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICS). This study investigated the moderating role of TLS of HMBs on the adoption of PC and FC m-health by hospitals in Kenya. It used the Logit Regression Model to test null hypotheses that the four constructs of TLS (Idealized Influence (II), Individualized Consideration (IC), Inspirational Motivation (IM), Intellectual Stimulation (IS)) individually or combined had no significant moderating effect on adoption of PC and FC m-health applications.  Primary data was collected from a representative sample size of 211 Top Executives (TEs) of level 4 to 6 hospitals who evaluated the TLS of their HMBs on m-health adoption. At a 5% level of significance, the study found that only the combined application of the four constructs (II, IC, IM, IS) significantly moderated the adoption of PC m-health (p=0.046) but did not moderate FC m-health (p=0.345). Each incremental application of TLS would increase the odds of adopting PC m-health by 1.002 but not for FC. Therefore, this study recommends the capacity strengthening of HMBs in TLS to scale up PC m-health adoption in Kenya and other LMICs. It also recommends a differentiated approach to policies, practices, and theories of adoption of innovations using the PC-FC models.
REDAÇÃO PUBLICITÁRIA E O COMERCIAL “HITLER” DA FOLHA DE S. PAULO
Authors: Mendonça Johnathan Borges , Feitosa Vladimir Alencastro
Published: August 2019

A redação publicitária no processo criativo da propaganda é parte fundamental para o sucesso da comunicação em relação ao público alvo que se deseja atingir. Fazer com que o texto publicitário seja percebido por um longo espaço de tempo exige uma combinação de técnica, experiência e criatividade. O comercial “Hitler”, criado em 1987 para o cliente Folha de S. Paulo, pela agência de publicidade W/GGK, chegou a milhares de telespectadores através da TV aberta com uma mensagem de impacto, sendo lembrado por muitos até os dias de hoje. Essa é uma das consequências da propaganda: marcar época e ser forte expressão cultural na sociedade em que está inserida.
A GASTRONOMIA COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA A REDUÇÃO DA DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Pinheiro Richarlisson Henrique , Sobral Maiara
Published: August 2019

As desigualdades têm crescido no mundo, principalmente a desigualdade social que é um reflexo das desigualdades política e econômica. Uma das causas desse crescimento é a falta de investimento em educação. Mas apesar da crise de desigualdade, alguns setores da economia vêm se destacando com um crescimento que gera oportunidades, como o mercado gastronômico que, apesar do crescimento, sofre com a falta de profissionais qualificados. Este trabalho consiste em um estudo de caso, utilizando a metodologia de pesquisa documental e descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, sobre a Gastromotiva, uma OSCIP - Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público -, sem fins lucrativos, que utiliza a gastronomia como alternativa para a redução da desigualdade social, democratizando a educação e profissionalizando pessoas de baixa renda e em vulnerabilidade social, oferecendo aulas práticas e teóricas em cozinhas cedidas por instituições parceiras, custeado por empresas, fundações e institutos parceiros, e promovendo a inclusão social desses profissionais qualificados no mercado de trabalho em estabelecimentos gastronômicos parceiros. O objetivo foi analisar de que forma a gastronomia pode ser utilizada como uma alternativa para redução da desigualdade social, bem como identificar a metodologia utilizada, sugerir os projetos sociais como solução para os problemas sociais e mostrar a interdisciplinaridade que envolve a gastronomia.

Palavras-chave: educação, gastronomia, Gastromotiva.
DESCRIÇÃO MORFOANATÔMICA DAS GALHAS E SUA DISTRIBUIÇÃO NAS FOLHAS DE Ouratea spectabilis (MART. EX ENGL.) ENGL. (OCHNACEAE)
Authors: Silva Maurina Dias da , Scareli-Santos Claudia
Published: August 2019

O objetivou deste trabalho foi estudar a interação entre a planta hospedeira Ouratea spectabilis (Mart. Ex Engl.) Engl. (Ochnaceae) e o inseto indutor das galhas foliares quanto aos aspectos morfológicos, anatômicos e distribuição da galha no limbo foliar. Foram realizadas coletas nas estações seca (setembro/2015) e chuvosa (dezembro/2015) em 10 indivíduos de O. spectabilis, localizados na mata de galeria, pertencente à Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, campus Universitário de Araguaína. Para a realização dos testes histoquímicos e caracterização anatômica foram utilizados cortes transversais à mão livre das folhas sadias e de galhas. A galha cônica de O. spectabilis possui tricomas diferenciando da folha sadia, que é glabra, internamente apresentaram tecido nutritivo rico em proteína e, de forma geral, os tecidos galígenos são mais ricos em compostos secundários quando comparado com as folhas sadias. O galhador pertence a um novo gênero da família Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). A distribuição das galhas no limbo foliar foi estatisticamente maior na região entre nervuras, independente da posição das folhas no ramo e das estações do ano, e a maior infestação foi verificada no período chuvoso. 

Palavras-chave: Anatomia vegetal, Galhador, Interação inseto-planta.
MAPEAMENTO DOS RISCOS PSICOSSOCIAIS RELACIONADOS AO TRABALHO DE SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS DO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Ferreira Thatiellen Menezes , Ghizoni Liliam Deisy
Published: August 2019

Apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa que mapeou os riscos psicossociais no trabalho dos policiais militares vinculados à 1º Companhia Independente de Arraias-Tocantins. Utilizou-se o Protocolo de Avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais do Trabalho (PROART). Participaram 62,7% da população. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que o contingente da Divisão de Tarefas (75,7%) mostrou-se propenso a maiores riscos psicossociais que aquele da Divisão Social do Trabalho (62,1%). Há uma leve predominância do Estilo Gerencialista em relação ao Coletivo. Quanto aos riscos de sofrimento patogênico, verificou-se risco baixo para a Falta de Sentido no Trabalho e para a Falta de Reconhecimento, ao passo que o fator Esgotamento Mental obteve risco médio (52,7%). Identificou-se risco baixo para os danos psicossociais e médio para os danos físicos (48,6%). Conclui-se através deste mapeamento que os Policiais Militares desta Companhia estão expostos a Riscos Psicossociais Médios para a forma como a organização é estruturada, sobretudo para o pouco efetivo, pela pouca autonomia e liberdade de expressão, bem como pela interferência política nas decisões da Companhia. Isto representa um estado de alerta onde a organização do trabalho deve intervir em médio a curto prazo para evitar o possível adoecimento de seus trabalhadores.

Palavras-chave: Psicodinâmica do Trabalho; Riscos Psicossociais; Polícia Militar do Tocantins.
QUALIFICAÇÃO E DELIMITAÇÃO DE ÁREAS QUEIMADAS ATRAVÉS DO PROCESSAMENTO DIGITAL DE IMAGENS TM/LANDSAT
Authors: Pinheiro Fabianna Rodrigues , Giongo Marcos
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo qualificar e delimitar áreas queimadas através do processamento digital de imagens Landsat 8-TM, no período de maior ocorrência de áreas queimadas, em três áreas localizadas no Estado do Tocantins, durante os anos de 2013 e 2015. As áreas foram representadas por cenas que abrangem municípios das regiões Leste, Sul e Norte: sete municípios na cena 221/67 a Leste; treze municípios na cena 222/68 ao Sul e; vinte e três municípios na cena 223/65 ao Norte. A metodologia empregada permitiu a identificação das queimadas nessas três regiões distintas do Estado do Tocantins, em que maiores ocorrências foram observadas na cena localizada mais ao Leste, para ambos os anos (2013 e 2015). Com relação a detecção das queimadas em função da tipologia de uso e ocupação do solo, áreas de Cerrado Sentido Restrito e Agropecuária foram as mais afetadas por incêndios e/ou queimadas.

Palavras-chave: Monitoramento Ambiental; Cerrado; Detecção.
AS PINTURAS CORPORAIS DO POVO KARAJÁ-XAMBIOÁ:
Authors: Albuquerque Francisco Edviges , Karajá Adriano Dias Gomes
Published: August 2019

O povo Karajá-Xambioá, também conhecido como Karajá do Norte ou Irarumahadu (povo de baixo), pertencente ao tronco linguístico Macro-Jê, e família língua Karajá, possui uma população aproximada de 543 (DSEI 2016) indígenas, distribuídos em quatro aldeias; Xambioá, Kurehê, Wari Lỹtỹ e Hawa Tamara. Este artigo objetiva uma análise da historicidade dos usos dos grafismos Karajá-Xambioá, fazendo um apanhado histórico e cultural da representatividade e da interface entre o grafismo e o território na composição cultural desse povo. O grafismo possui sentidos diversos, não somente na vaidade, mas na busca pela estética perfeita e pelos valores que são transmitidos através da arte dos traços tradicionais. O problema de estudo trata do contato com o não indígena, que causou danos a história desse povo, com perda de identidade cultural, deixando de praticar seus rituais, dentre eles a sua pintura corporal. Dentre os resultados tem-se o resgate sobre a cultura da “arte indígena”, especificamente o grafismo corporal do povo Karajá-Xambioá, contribuindo para a manutenção e registro das pinturas, além de ser também uma importante peça para a educação escolar indígena do povo, assegurando as memórias e os traços para as futuras gerações.

Palavras-chave: Grafismos, Karajá-Xambioá, Pinturas corporais.
BLACK FRIDAY NO BRASIL: A METADE DO DOBRO
Authors: Oliveira Túlio Manoel de , Junior José Salustiano de Lima , Oliveira Josué Petrônio Quirino de
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as influências positivas e negativas da Black Friday no Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva crítica de suas ações no comercio eletrônico sob a ótica do jeitinho brasileiro. Baseado não apenas como alavancagem de vendas, mas na prática de muitas ações e promoções enganosas este evento movimento milhões de reais todos os anos. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa que permitiu chegar aos objetivos teve apoio numa abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva que teve como principal procedimento a instrumentalização bibliográfica que através de artigos, reportagens e a opinião de diversos autores construíram os pensamentos aqui expostos. Os resultados demostraram que as fiscalizações e a divulgação dos abusos de muitas empresas diminuíram as práticas enganosas de vários comerciantes que simplesmente aumentavam os preços nos meses anteriores a promoção para que no dia do evento o desconto fosse oferecido um preço “maquiado”, o famoso 50% do dobro, mas que apesar dos avanços o velho jeitinho brasileiro ainda impera no meio organizacional nacional
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE NOTIFIED CASES OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS BY HEALTH REGION IN TOCANTINS
Authors: De Alcantara Jayanne Silva , Silva Guilherme Pansani , Oliveira Kleidir Hernâny Moreira , Filgueira Michelle de Jesus Pantoja
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

This is a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study, on cases of Congenital Syphilis (CS) reported on the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) from 2013 to 2017. This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of CS cases reported in the eight health regions of the state of Tocantins. The health care regions were related to the variables maternal schooling, prenatal performance, area of residence, moment of diagnosis and treatment of the partner. Of the 1192 cases reported,the majority were in the Capim Dourado region. It was verified that in most cases the mothers studied until elementary or secondary school, performed prenatal care and resided in urban areas, and  that the diagnosis occurred during prenatal care, however, the partner was not treated. Only Amor Perfeito region showed a predominance of diagnosis performed at the time of delivery and Ilha do Bananal region was the one with the highest percentage of diagnosis carried out after birth. The increase in SC cases may reflect increase in it’s incidence and improvement in the notification system. The percentage of untreated partners and late diagnoses may suggest a qualitative and an access deficit  in prenatal care.

Descriptors: congenital syphilis; epidemiology; health care regions.
Feasibility of Multi-Year Forecast for the Colorado River Water Supply: Time Series Modeling
Authors: Plucinski Brian , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Sun Yan , Gillies R. R. , Eklund James , Wang C.-C.
Published: August 2019

The future of the Colorado River water supply (WS) affects millions of people and the U.S. economy. A recent study suggested a cross-basin correlation between the Colorado River and its neighboring Great Salt Lake (GSL). Following that study, the feasibility of using the previously developed multi-year prediction of the GSL water level to forecast the Colorado River WS was tested. Time-series models were developed to predict the changes in WS out to 10 years. Regressive methods and the GSL water level data were used for the depiction of decadal variability of the Colorado River WS. Various time-series models suggest a decline in the 10-year-averaged WS since 2013 before starting to increase around 2020. Comparison between this WS prediction and the WS projection published in a 2012 government report (derived from climate models) reveals a widened imbalance between supply and demand by 2020. Further research to update similar multi-year prediction of the Colorado River WS is needed. Such information could aid in management decision making in the face of future water shortages.
Influence of Fiber Content on Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Torres Juan Andres , Lantsoght Eva O.L.
Published: August 2019

For shear-critical structural elements where the use of stirrups is not desirable, such as slabs or beams with reinforcement congestion, steel fibers can be used as shear reinforcement. The contribution of the steel fibers to the shear capacity lies in the action of the steel fibers bridging the shear crack, which increases the shear capacity and prevents a brittle failure mode. This study evaluates the effect of the amount of fibers in a concrete mix on the shear capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams with mild steel tension reinforcement and without stirrups. For this purpose, twelve beams were tested. Five different fiber volume fractions were studied: 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2%. For each different steel fiber concrete mix, the concrete compressive strength was determined on cylinders and the tensile strength was determined in a flexural test on beam specimens. Additionally, the influence of fibers on the shear capacity is analyzed based on results reported in the literature, as well as based on the expressions derived for estimating the shear capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. The outcome of these experiments is that a fiber percentage of 1.2% or fiber factor of 0.96 can be used to replace minimum stirrups according to ACI 318-14 and a 0.6% fiber volume fraction or fiber factor of 0.48 to replace minimum stirrups according to Eurocode 2. A fiber percentage of 1.2% or fiber factor of 0.96 was observed to change the failure mode from shear failure to flexural failure. The results of this presented study support the inclusion of provisions for steel fiber reinforced concrete in building codes and provides recommendations for inclusion in ACI 318-14 and Eurocode 2, so that a wider adoption of steel fiber reinforced concrete can be achieved in the construction industry.
LENGTHí WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS FOR 34 FISH SPECIES FROM TRí­Å S IRMÃOS RESERVOIR, LOWER TIETí­Å RIVER BASIN, SP - BRAZIL
Authors: De Castro CAMPANHA Paula Maria Gênova , Arimura MATSUMOTO Anderson , BRAZÃO Midiã Lima , BASILIO Lucas Matheus , Sumile  MARUYAMA Lidía
Published: August 2019

The length-weight relationship of fish species is widely used in fisheries monitoring programs and it is an important tool for proposing stock management measures. The objective of this study was to estimate the growth parameters of 34 species belonging to the fish community captured by experimental fishery in the Três Irmãos reservoir, Tietê river. The biological and ecological characteristics of these species are also presented in order to understand the profile of the present fish community. The fish were collected during ten experimental fishing seasons between October/2015 and February/2018, with quarterly frequency using four types of fishing gear. All fish captured were identified and the total length - TL (cm), standard length - SL (cm) and total weight - TW (g) were measured. The length-weight relationship was established using the linear regression TW vs SL (log-transformed): log (TW) = log (a) + b log (SL), where a is the regression curve intercept (coefficient related to body shape) and b is the coefficient of regression (exponent indicating the type of growth). A total of 7,319 individuals was identified, comprising five orders: Characiformes (7 Families), Siluriformes (5 Families), Perciformes (1 Family), Cichliformes (1 Family) and Cyprinodontiformes (1 Family). The most abundant species were Plagioscion squamosissimus (N=1,513), Geophagus sveni (N=1,160), Serrasalmus maculatus (N=1,049) and Metynnis maculatus (pacu-CD) (N=974), all of them being target species for professional artisanal fishing, with the exception of pacu-CD, which is discarded since it has no commercial interest. From the whole set of analyzes 15 species (44.1%) have positive allometric growth type (3.15â"°¤ b â"°¤3.59), 14 (41.2%) isometric (2.98â"°¤ b â"°¤ 3.08), and 5 (14.7%) negative allometric growth (2.7 â"°¤ b â"°¤ 2.90). Among the species studied nine reached a maximum length above that of the FishBase: Cichla piquiti (TL= 55.4 cm), Crenicichla haroldoi (SL= 21.5 cm), C. jaguarensis (SL= 23.5 cm), Cyphocharax nagelii (TL= 22.9 cm), Hypostomus ancistroides (TL= 28.5 cm), Metynnis maculatus (TL= 19.5 cm), Piaractus mesopotamicus (SL= 60.0 cm), Roeboides descalvadensis (SL= 11.3 cm) and Schizodon borellii (TL= 40.0 cm).
A Comprehensive Review of Formation Damage Caused by High-Viscosity Friction Reducers: Wolfcamp Case Study
Authors: Ba Geri Mohammed , Ellafi Abdulaziz , Flori Ralph , Noles Jerry , Kim Sangjoon
Published: August 2019

The success of hydraulic fracture treatment can be evaluated by measuring fracture conductivity and regained permeability. However, selecting the suitable fracture fluid system plays an essential role to minimize or eliminate the formation damage. To address the potential formation damage during fracturing treatment, this research presents a comprehensive review of a good number of published papers that are carefully reviewed and summarized including experimental research, case studies, and simulation work on recent improvements of using HVFR to carry the proppant and capture the optimum design in fracturing operations. This paper also provides formation damage mechanisms such as chemical, mechanical, biological, and thermal. Moreover, the research explains the fracture damage categories including damage inside fracture and damage inside the reservoir. The advantages of using HVFRs are also fully explained. Experimental rheological characterization was studied to investigate the viscoelastic property of HVFRs on proppant transport. The successful implication of utilizing HVFRs in the Wolfcamp formation, Permian Basin was discussed.

The findings of this research are analyzed to reach conclusions on how HVFRs can be an alternative fracture fluid system of many unconventional reservoirs. Comparing to the traditional hydraulic fracture fluids system, the research shows the many potential advantages that HVFR fluids offer, including superior proppant transport capability, almost 100% retained conductivity, around 30% cost reduction, and logistics, such as minimizing chemicals usage by 50% and operation equipment on location, reduce water consumption by 30%, and environmental benefits. Finally, this comprehensive review addresses up-to-date challenges and emphasizes necessities for using high viscosity friction reducers as alternative fracture fluids.
The Effect of Water Cut on the Producing Trends and Downhole Multiphase Flow Conditions in Oil-Rich Shale Plays
Authors: Nagoo Anand , Kannan Subash
Published: August 2019

The continually evolving water management practices of liquids-rich tight oil operators (for optimizing the water use and costs of their water life cycle) is a topic of major impact. One area during the produced water phase of the water life cycle, is the less understood effect of different water cut fractions of the total fluids production from the formation on both the producing three-phase flow rate trends on surface as well as the downhole multiphase flow conditions, in particular, lateral to bend slugging and loading tendencies. This paper quantifies this effect of varying water cut production in a variety of operational conditions. In order to quantify the effect of varying water cut production, the methodology of this work involves first understanding the basic differences between gas-and-water (100 % water cut) and gas-and-oil (0% water cut) multiphase production in terms of their averaged slip behaviors, and therefore, total pressure gradient observations. We utilize published lab-scale flow loop experiments and a few actual, field-scale wells to demonstrate the different reported behaviors. An analytical multiphase flow simulator is then validated against these observations. Once verified, we then use the simulation tool to perform downhole calculations of flowing bottomhole pressure, gas volume fraction (gas-liquids slip), wellbore flow pattern, difference in wellbore and critical gas velocities and slugging flow characteristics (slugging frequency, velocity and lengths) for a given set of surface operating conditions. The workflows presented in this work will enable a deeper insight into the differences between gas and liquids slip under varying water cut fractions in both lighter condensate fluids as well as denser black oil fluids production. This work adds an improved understanding of the effect of water cut fractions on the total pressure gradient behaviors and downhole multiphase flow slugging and loading behaviors in liquids-rich tight oil developments.
Leveraging Cloud-Based Analytics to Enhance Near-Real Time Stage Management
Authors: Bommer Peter , Iriarte Jessica
Published: August 2019

Normally, the optimization of hydraulic fracturing performance is limited to pre-job modeling and analytics. A design is determined for a particular well or project and applied without significant change during the course of the stimulation. Performance results are collected during the job and then analyzed after the fact, with the primary purpose of designing for the next project.

Significant design improvements can be made by evaluating stage performance in real-time as the well is being stimulated. Unfortunately, real-time analytics are difficult because the immense of volume, variety, and velocity of the available data. The typical frac fleet captures metered data from as many as one hundred measurement points simultaneously on a second-by-second basis. This means that for a single stage, the comma-separated values (CSV) files containing the recorded channels often include over one million discrete data points. Utilizing these large files (approximately 5 MB) with typical off-the-shelf software can be time-consuming. The manual process of file acquisition by analytical staff alone can often exceed the time available between stages. While these files are an invaluable resource, they are often left untouched until long after a job is completed, if they are ever used at all. Cloud-based analytics greatly shorten the acquisition and utilization timeline, making near real-time analysis possible.

While the challenges involved in utilizing "big data"; for actionable analytics are frequently discussed, the technology and approaches described in this paper are relatively new to the field of real-time stage management. This paper introduces a novel and highly effective approach in the field of hydraulic fracturing optimization. The history of CSV analysis is presented along with examples of specific types of beneficial stage analytics.
Prediction of the Fracture Closure Pressure from the Instantaneous Shut-In Pressure ISIP for Unconventional Formations: Case Studies
Authors: Kholy S. M. , Ma J.. , Mohamed I. M. , Abou-Sayed O.. , Abou-Sayed A..
Published: August 2019

Hydraulic fracturing is applied ubiquitously in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir development to increase the well productivity. To design a frac job, an injection falloff diagnostic test, such as minifrac test, is conducted first to determine key formation properties and frac operational parameters, including fracture closure pressure. In low permeability formations, the conventional pressure falloff analysis (i.e. G-function) is not practical to identify the fracture closure since it requires several days of well shut-in to collect enough pressure falloff data to reveal the fracture closure. In SPE-187495-PA, the authors show that it is possible to develop an empirical equation to predict the fracture closure pressure (Pc) from instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP), the first falloff data point, by regressive analysis on datasets from minifrac tests for conventional formations, including G-function estimated Pc, ISIP, petrophysical and mechanical properties. Since petrophysical and mechanical properties could be estimated from cores and wireline logs, the application of this equation requires a minifrac test to have a very short falloff period only to estimate ISIP. The objective of this work is to extend that equation for unconventional formations by introducing appropriate deviation terms for tight-sand and shale formations, respectively, in order to reduce the discrepancy between predicted Pc and G-function estimated Pc.

To this end, several datasets, each of which contain the same attributes, are collected from publications for shale and tight-sand formations. Part of datasets are selected for developing respective deviation terms, for shale and tight-sand, to be added to the empirical equation, while the remaining datasets are used to test the respective new equation. Then a regression analysis is performed between Pc differences and the individual petrophysical and mechanical properties for shale and tight-sand datasets separately. Eventually, two deviation terms have been derived and incorporated to the empirical equation, one for shale and another one for tight formations.

The deviation term for tight-sand formations correlate strongly with the rock mechanical properties, while the other with the rock mechanical properties and the formation porosity. Several field cases have been used to validate the empirical equation with respective deviation terms and the results show that the new formulae predict the fracture closure pressure with a relative absolute error less than 5% compared to those estimated from the G-function analysis for both the shale and the tight formations cases which are not used in developing respective deviation terms.
Psychiatric morbidity and poor follow-up underlie suboptimal functional and survival outcomes in Huntington's disease
Authors: Ratna Nikhil , Kamble Nitish L , V Sowmya D , Purushottam Meera , Pal Pramod K , Jain Sanjeev
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Huntington’s disease (HD), an inherited, often late-onset, neurodegenerative disorder, is considered to be a rare, orphan disease. Research into its genetic correlates and services for those affected are inadequate in most low-middle income countries, including India. The apparent ‘incurability’ often deters symptomatic and rehabilitative care, resulting in poor quality of life and sub-optimal outcomes. There are no studies assessing disease burden and outcomes from India.
METHODS: We attempted to evaluate individuals diagnosed to have HD at our tertiary-care center between 2013 and 2016 for clinical symptoms, functionality, mortality, follow up status through a structured interview, clinical data from medical records & UHDRS TFC scoring.
RESULTS: Of the 144 patients, 25% were untraceable, and another 17 (11.8%) had already died. Mean age at and duration of illness at the time of death, were 53 years and 7 years respectively, which is much shorter than in Europe and USA. The patients who could be contacted (n=81) were assessed for symptomatic morbidity and total functional capacity (TFC). Mean CAG repeat length and TFC score were 44.2 and 7.5 respectively. Most individuals (66%) were in TFC stage I and II and could perhaps benefit from several interventions. The TFC score correlated inversely with duration of illness (p<0.0001). The vast majority were being taken care of at home, irrespective of the physical and mental disability. There was a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (91%) including suicidal tendency (22%). Three of the 17 who died had committed suicide, and many other families reported suicidal history in other family members. Only about half the patients (57%) maintained a regular clinical follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the poor follow-up rates, significant suicidality & other psychiatric symptoms, suboptimal survival durations and functional outcomes highlighting the need for holistic care for the majority who appear to be amenable for interventions.
Prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents at governmental high schools of Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: A cross sectional study
Authors: Tirfeneh Enguday , Srah Mengesha
Published: August 2019

Background
depression is one of the most serious and prevalent mental illnesses that can result in serious disability and ending life by committing suicide and homicide. The risks of having depression are substantially higher in persons who have parental neglect when compared to the general population.
Objective
To detect prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents in governmental high schools at Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019
Method
A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1-30/2019 at Aksum town high schools. Public health questionnaire was used in this study to detect Depression. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected with face to face interview. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to see the association between depression and parental neglect. Adjusted Odds ratio at a p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was taken to declare statistical significance of variables.
Result
A total of 624 students were participated in the study yielding a response rate of 99.05%. Prevalence of depression was found to be 36.2%. Depression among adolescents was found to have significant and strong association with parental neglect ((AOR=2.61, 95% CI (1.83, 3.72), p-value=0.000).
Conclusion and recommendation
In the current study the prevalence of depression is found to be high when compared to other population. Significant and strong association is also determined between parental neglect and depression. It is good if school teachers give emphasize for those students who seems psychologically unwell. It is better if school teachers exercise linking such students to school psychologists. It is good to conduct prospective cohort study to investigate temporal relationship between factors and depression. It is good if Aksum university comprehensive hospital start campaign which will teach about the effect of parental neglect on the adolescent’s mental health.

Key words: Depression, high school, parental neglect
Availability and use of therapeutic interchange policies in managing antimicrobial shortages among South African public sector hospitals
Authors: Chigome Audrey Komborerai , Matlala Moliehi , Godman Brian , Meyer Johanna Catharina
Published: August 2019

Background: Therapeutic interchange policies in hospitals are useful in dealing with antimicrobial shortages and minimising resistance rates. However, the extent of antimicrobial shortages and availability of therapeutic interchange policies is unknown among public sector hospitals in South Africa.

Objective This study aimed to ascertain the extent of antimicrobial shortages among public sector hospitals, the presence of current therapeutic interchange policies and the role of pharmacists in the process.

Setting Public sector hospitals in South Africa.

Methods: A quantitative and descriptive study was conducted with a target population of 403 public sector hospitals. Data were collected from hospital pharmacists using an electronic questionnaire, administered via SurveyMonkeyTM.

Main outcome measure Prevalence of public sector hospitals with antimicrobial shortages over the past six months and the prevalence of hospitals with therapeutic interchange policies.

Results: The response rate was 33.5%. Most (83.3%) hospitals had experienced shortages in the previous six months. Antimicrobials commonly reported as out of stock included cloxacillin (54.3%), benzathine benzylpenicillin (54.2%), erythromycin (39.6%) and ceftriaxone (38.0%). Reasons for shortages included pharmaceutical companies with supply constraints (85.3%) and an inefficient supply system. Only 42.4% had therapeutic interchange policies, and 88.9% contacted the prescriber when there was a need for substitution.

Conclusions: Antimicrobial shortages are prevalent in South African public sector hospitals with penicillins and cephalosporins being the most affected. Therapeutic interchange policies are not available at most hospitals. Effective strategies are required to improve communication between pharmacists and prescribers to ensure safe, appropriate and therapeutically equivalent alternatives are available.