bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection in Cloud Computing Workloads based on Re- source Usage
Authors: Jahani Arezoo , Amirkhizi Paria Jourabchi
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the widespread adoption of cloud computing for data storage and processing has underscored the critical importance of security within cloud computing servers. Adherence to cloud service regulations mandates that all aspects, from resource procurement to data backup and security, are the responsibility of the service provider. Consequently, providers are actively seeking methods to detect and mitigate attacks promptly to safeguard their interests and users. However, the effectiveness of existing attack detection methods varies depending on the attack type, with known attacks being more easily identified and prevented through artificial intelligence-based techniques. Yet, even minor alterations in attack characteristics pose challenges to detection, highlighting an ongoing challenge in the field. Additionally , prior methods often rely on a fixed number of features during both learning and operational phases, limiting their adaptability.To address these challenges, this research proposes Pattern-AD, a novel anomaly detection method that models attacks as anomalies against the system’s normal states. Unlike traditional approaches, Pattern-AD extracts frequent patterns using the Apriori data mining algorithm, offering flexibility regardless of pattern length. Comparative analysis against established anomaly detection methods demonstrates Pattern-AD’s superior accuracy and reduced error rates, showcasing its potential as a reliable security solution for cloud computing environments.
The Mediating Role of IDL Particles in the Relationship between Primary Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Liu Yingmei , Wu Haiyang , Lv Hanlu , Zhou Youtao
Published: July 2024

Background
Primary hypertension is a major risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. Although low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein are known to influence cardiovascular diseases, the role of intermediate-density lipoprotein remains unclear.
Objective
This study investigated the mediating role of intermediate-density lipoprotein particle concentration in primary hypertension in four major cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, peripheral atherosclerosis, stroke, and deep vein thrombosis) using multiomics data and Mendelian randomization methods.
Methods
This study was conducted in three phases: confirming the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular outcomes via two-step Mendelian randomization, identifying common risk genes through colocalization analysis, and analyzing key genes in lipid metabolism pathways via differential expression and GSEA, with further validation via PheWas analysis.
Results
Primary hypertension significantly increased the risk of four cardiovascular diseases. Intermediate-density lipoprotein particle concentration mediates the risk of hypertension on coronary heart disease and peripheral atherosclerosis, reducing the risk by 22% and 13%, respectively. Colocalization analysis identified 119 common risk genes, with CYP21A2 and HSD17B8 involved in lipid metabolism pathways. GSEA highlighted the importance of the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway.
Conclusion
This study revealed the mediating role of intermediate-density lipoprotein particle concentration in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the critical role of lipid metabolism pathways. These findings offer new perspectives and potential therapeutic targets for hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases.
Introducing Built-in Electric Field and Anions Active Sites in COFs through Ionic Polarization for Efficient Solar Energy Catalysis
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Zhang Jiahe , Li Xiaoning , Hu Haijun , Huang Hongwei , Li Hui , Sun Xiaodong
Published: July 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a thriving family in the realm of photocatalysis recently, yet with concerns about their high exciton dissociation energy and sluggish charge transfer. Herein, a novel strategy to enhance the built-in electric field (BIEF) of series β-keto-enamine-based COFs (TpPa-1, TpBD and TpEDDA) by ionic polarization method is proposed. The ionic polarization is achieved through a distinctive post-synthetic quaternization reaction which can endow the COFs with separate charge centers comprising cationic skeleton and iodide counter-anions, thus obtaining the modified CH3I-TpPa-1, CH3I-TpBD and CH3I-TpEDDA samples. The stronger BIEF generated between their cationic framework and iodide anions, as evidenced by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) and theoretical calculation results, can create a robust impetus to promote charge transfer, also leads to a substantial improvement in the exciton dissociation efficiency. Moreover, the introduced iodide anions not only serve as reaction centers with lowered H* formation energy barrier, but also act as “electron extractant” suppressing the recombination of electron-hole pairs, as evidenced by enriched electron density from DFT calculations. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance of the COFs is significantly improved due to the enhanced BIEF and anion reactive centers, among which the CH3I-TpPa-1 can deliver an extremely high H2 production rate up to 9.2 mmol g-1 h-1 without any co-catalysts, representing a 42-fold increase compared to that of pristine TpPa-1, being comparable with or even exceeding the state-of-the-art COFs photocatalysts with the addition of Pt co-catalysts. Both the experimental and theoretical evidences consistently confirm that the primary drawbacks of COFs can be mitigated by establishing a stronger BIEF through ionic polarization, while the introduction of iodide anions can serve as active site for H* formation thus diminishing the dependence on Pt co-catalysts. This work paves the way for addressing the issues of high exciton dissociation energy and sluggish charge transfer via rational molecule-level structure design of ion-polarized COFs.
Effect of socioeconomic status on the occurrence and in-hospital outcome among patients with acute myocardial infarction: an observational analytic case-control study
Authors: Shaban Eman E. , Khashaba Eman , Bassam Ensaf , Abdelaziz Ayman A. , Zaki Hany A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The aim of this research was to assess the impact of socioeconomic status on the incidence and in-hospital results in patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: A case control study was conducted on 100 patients who suffered from their first onset AMI, and age and sex matched 100 control group. The study methods for collecting data from the participants were history taking (demographic information, risk factors – such as smoking history, obesity, hypertension), laboratory investigation, analysis of blood pressure, echocardiography, BMI, and socioeconomic status (SES). SES was evaluated using Egyptian socioeconomic scale that includes 7 domains with a total score of 84. SES were classified into very low (<40), low (40-56.9), middle (57-64.9), and high (>65) levels depending on the quartiles of the score calculated.
Results: It was observed that the occurrences and in-hospital outcomes, such as cardiogenic shock among AMI patients, were more common among the lower SES group than in the higher ones, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Moreover, death was more common among the lower SES group than in the higher ones, with an increased risk of more than four times (OR = 4.8, CI; 1.5-16.6). Consequently, low and very low SES had more frequent in-hospital complications (41.1%) than middle & high SES (20.4 and 32.7%, respectively).
Conclusion: These results show socioeconomic status is a significant aspect in shaping the overall health status of individuals, evaluated based on the presence of comorbid conditions measured during hospitalization for the first AMI. Similarly, in-hospital outcomes such as complications resulting from AMI are affected by patients’ socioeconomic statuses.
A novel approach for studying lithospheric deformation driven by asthenospheric flow
Authors: Krstekanic Nemanja , Willingshofer Ernst , Auzemery Antoine , Matenco Liviu , Smits Jasper
Published: July 2024

Asthenospheric flow is a major driver of plate motions and lithosphere deformation. Previous studies have modelled the asthenospheric flow linked to the negative buoyancy of subducting slabs. However, orogenic systems associated with slab retreat are characterised by a more complex asthenospheric flow related to larger-scale processes including orogenic rotations, strain and flow partitioning or the along-strike variability of the subduction mechanics. Understanding deformation in such situations requires a bottom-up approach that simulates the asthenospheric flow and its effects on the overlying lithosphere. Here, we present a novel physical analogue modelling approach where gravity-driven asthenospheric flow is the main driver for lithospheric deformation. A constant volume asthenospheric flow is achieved by a novel inlet-outlet system that allows calibration of the flow velocity, which regulates the lithosphere-asthenosphere coupling. This approach induces asthenospheric flow, which provides an efficient mechanism for transferring deformation to a mechanically stratified lithosphere, where deformation can be studied at higher resolution compared to previous studies. Our approach is validated by a comparison with the slab retreat driven back-arc extension in the Carpathians-Pannonian system of Central Europe. Beyond slab retreat, our approach can be used for modelling asthenospheric flow in other plate tectonic settings.
Some Novel Synthesis 2-Aroyl-1-acetylhydrazine Derivatives: An Assessment of Their Biological Activity as Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Fayad Eman , Binjawhar Dalal Nasser , Abuzahrah Samah S. , Ali Ola A. Abu , Alqahtani Arwa , Al-Salmi Fawziah A. , Alshaya Dalal Sulaiman , Almaaty Ali H. Abu , Sophy Mohamed Ahmed Elian
Published: July 2024

Our study provides valuable insights into the anti-cancer activity of novel acetyl hydrazine derivatives as TOP2B inhibitors in breast cancer cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the putative bonding mode of the synthesized compounds (3a, 4, 5a,b, and 6a,b). The obtained compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Most of the compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against breast cancer cell lines. Among them, compound (6b) demonstrated a remarkable anti-cancer effect by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Prevalence of catheter associated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in hospitalized patient in Karachi
Authors: Ali Syed Rohan , Raqib Moosa Abdur , Kashif Shahida , Shafique Muhammad Ashir , Haseeb Abdul , Athar Kainat , Anis Aisha
Published: July 2024

Background:Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a prevalent healthcare-associated infection, accounting for significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs.Method: This is a cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with UTI associated with catheter use. The sample was collected from November 2023 to June 2024, consisting of 200 patients admitted to the surgical, medical, and trauma wards of tertiary hospitals in Karachi, namely Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi and Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. Data is analyzed using SPSS Version 22 and P-value of 0.05 considered significant.Result: The majority of respondents (59.5%) had their catheters changed since insertion, predominantly by trained nurses (93.0%). There were notable associations with underlying conditions such as hypertension (56.5%) and diabetes (44.5%). Gender differences were significant, with females leading in medical cases and males in surgical and trauma cases (p-value 0.017). Age-related trends showed the 55+ age group dominated medical cases, while surgical and trauma cases varied by age group. There was a significant relationship between bleeding during catheterization and UTI (p-value: 0.000).Conclusion:The study revealed a minimal incidence of CAUTI in Karachi's tertiary care hospitals, indicating effective practices. However, further research is needed to explore the potential risk factors identified, such as female gender and comorbidities, to develop targeted interventions for reducing CAUTI incidence and improving patient outcomes.
A Survey Assessment of Sun Exposure Safety Behaviors and Knowledge Among Adults Living in Yemen and the United States
Authors: Algutaini Safana Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Sun exposure poses significant health risks, including skin cancer and cataracts, particularly in regions with high UV radiation levels. Therefore, this study aims to assess and compare sun exposure safety behaviors and knowledge among adults in Yemen and the United States. An online questionnaire was administered to gather data on participants' sun protection habits, knowledge of sun protection factors, and awareness of the risks associated with sun exposure. The results revealed notable differences between the two regions. While adults in the United States demonstrated higher levels of sun protection behaviors, such as regular use of sunscreen and protective clothing, participants in Yemen exhibited lower levels of sun protection knowledge and practices. Cultural and religious practices in Yemen, which often involve modest clothing that covers much of the skin, were found to influence sun protection behaviors. These findings underscore the need for culturally tailored public health campaigns to enhance sun protection behaviors and knowledge in both regions. By addressing regional differences and cultural contexts, targeted interventions can be developed to reduce sun-related health risks and promote safer sun exposure practices.
Alpine greening deciphered by forest stand and structure dynamics in advancing treelines
Authors: Bayle Arthur , Nicoud Baptiste , Mansons Jérôme , Francon Loïc , Corona Christophe , Choler Philippe
Published: July 2024

Multidecadal time series of satellite observations, such as those from Landsat, offer the possibility to study trends in vegetation greenness at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. Alpine ecosystems have exhibited large increases in vegetation greenness as seen from space, nevertheless, the ecological processes underlying alpine greening have rarely been investigated. Here, we used a unique dataset of forest stand and structure characteristics derived from manually orthorectified high-resolution diachronic images (1983 and 2018), dendrochronology and LiDAR analysis to decipher the ecological processes underlying alpine greening in the southwestern French Alps, formerly identified as a hotspot of greening at the scale of the European Alps by previous studies. We found that most of the alpine greening in this area can be attributed to forest dynamics, including forest ingrowth and treeline upward shift. Furthermore, we showed that the magnitude of the greening was highest in pixels/areas where trees first established at the beginning of the Landsat time series in the mid-80s corresponding to a specific forest successional stage. In these pixels, we observe that trees from the first wave of establishment have grown between 1984 and 2023, while simultaneously, younger trees established in forest gaps, leading to increases in both vertical and horizontal vegetation cover. This study provides an in-depth description of the causal relationship between forest dynamics and greening, providing a unique example of how ecological processes translate into radiometric signals, while also paving the way for the study of large-scale treeline dynamics using satellite remote sensing.
Remote Monitoring System for Older Adults at Risk for Complications: A Scoping Review
Authors: SALMA Israa , TESTA Damien , MPOY Jacky-vivien , PEREZ-TORRENTS Joel , REHAULT Jean-malo , CABANES Elise , MINVIELLE Etienne
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Aging populations and the increasing incidence of chronic diseases are placing additional pressure on healthcare systems. Remote monitoring systems (RMS) have emerged as a solution for improving remote healthcare efficiency and monitoring complex elderly patients. However, telemonitoring services in elderly care are still in their infancy, and their effectiveness remains unproven, with the potential for context-dependent variability. To bridge this gap, we conducted a scoping review to understand the current state of RMSs for elderly individuals at risk for complications, and their potential impact on healthcare service use, elderly’s quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, data were gathered from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using predefined keywords, from 2010 onwards. Only English peer-reviewed studies that met the eligibility criteria were retained.Results: A total of 1,576 articles were initially identified. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 47 articles were eligible for full-text assessment. Of these, 18 articles were included in the final analysis. Multiple RMSs have been identified and used for elderly patients with complex chronic conditions and a high risk of complications. Such systems typically involve telemonitoring devices, integrated or not with health questionnaires, supported by an automated alert system led by a healthcare professional, usually a nurse, who collaborates with different healthcare structures. The evaluation of RMSs effectiveness was primarily based on health service utilization - particularly hospitalization, emergency room visits and length of hospital stay - followed by quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Our findings support the promising impact of RMSs on reducing hospitalization for at-risk elderly individuals, especially the unplanned hospitalization, improving quality of life, and its cost-effectiveness.Conclusion: This review outlines multiple RMSs used for elderly individuals at risk for complications. Although the effectiveness of RMSs may depend on the content and level of responsiveness, our review underscores the necessity for further empirical research into telemonitoring interventions to fully understand their impact on elderly health outcomes and healthcare systems resources.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MYOFASCIAL PAIN REDUCTION USING LOW-INTENSITY LASER AND RED LED LIGHT THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TEMPORO¬MANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Shynchukovskyi Igor
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Today, there is a significant prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, which currently ranges from 21.5 % to 50.5 %. This disease can worsen the patient's quality of life due to the presence of pain, which is the main symptom of this pathology. To reduce the intensity of pain in patients with TMJ dysfunction, low-level laser and red LED light therapy is used. There are a significant number of studies proving clinical efficacy in alleviating the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction using various methods of light therapy, but the number of studies comparing the effectiveness of different light therapy options among themselves is quite limited.
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of pain relief and the number of trigger points in patients with TMJ dysfunction using a low-level laser and red LED light.
Materials and methods: 60 patients were randomised into 2 groups. Randomisation for patient allocation was performed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Patients of group I received red LED light therapy, radiation sources were applied to the trigger points of the masticatory muscles extracorporeally for 5 minutes. Patients in group II received low-intensity laser therapy for 30 seconds on the trigger points of the masseter muscles extracorporeally. Patients in both study groups received therapy weekly for 4 weeks. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by filling out a visual analogue scale (VAS), the number of trigger points of the masticatory muscles and the force of contraction of the masticatory muscles at rest and during tooth contact in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
Results: the VAS scores in group I decreased by 47.02 % from the start of treatment, in group II – by 53.7 %. The number of trigger points in the projection of the masticatory, temporal muscles and parotid region in group I decreased by 62.34 %, in group II – by 72.21 %. According to electromyography, in group I, the amplitude of bioelectrical impulses of the masticatory muscles at rest decreased by 20.58 % on average, and in the state of voluntary teeth clenching – by 22.89 %. In group II, the amplitude of bioelectrical impulses of the masticatory muscles at rest decreased by 25.58 % on average, and in the state of voluntary teeth clenching – by 28.37 %.
Conclusions: red LED light therapy and low-level laser therapy reduces pain intensity and the number of trigger points in patients with myofascial pain. Comparison of the effectiveness of red LED light therapy and laser therapy in reducing pain syndrome showed a higher ability of laser therapy to reduce myofascial pain and the number of trigger points in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (p<0.01).
Clinical, functional and aberrometric parallels in the treatment of the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Magomedova M. M. , Aliyev A.-H. D. , Zakieva S. I. , Maksudova Z. N. , Mikailova M. T.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to analyze clinico-functional and aberrometric parameters of patients with the neovascular form of age–related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated by the anti-VEGF drug brolucizumab. Material and methods. The study involved 59 patients (59 eyes) aged 55 to 75 years, divided into two groups depending on the type of treatment. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients (25 eyes) who had previously received no anti-VEGF therapy and Group 2 had  34 patients (34 eyes) with an active nAMD form, who had previously been given anti-angiogenic therapy with aflibercept. All patients averagely received 5.48±1.5 brolucizumab injections in the “treat and extend” mode: 3 loading injections with monthly checkups followed by elongated intervals reaching 8 weeks. The treatment effectiveness was estimated by the change in maximum corrected visual acuity (MCVA) as measured by precision visometry, the aberrations parameters of the optical system of the eye, and the thickness of the central retinal zone (CRZ). In addition, the height of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment, the presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and fluid under RPE. Results. In group 1, BCVA whose initial value was 0.37 ± 0.16 reached 0.78 ± 0.25 (p = 0.02) by the end of treatment, while in group 2, the value rose from 0.35 ± 0.18 to 0.62 ± 0.22 (p = 0.02). After the 5th injection, Group 1 showed a statistically significant decrease in TCZV (ave. by 270.17 ± 92.37 μm, p=0.05), while Group 2 showed a less pronounced morphological result (a decrease from 480.54 ± 174.22 to 320.32 ± 109.53, p < 0.05). Both groups also showed, after the 5th injection, a decrease in the cumulative frequency of occurrence of various types of fluid (p < 0.02). A decrease in all components of higher order aberrations was also noted after the first 3 injections; this result remained stable until the end of the observation period (p = 0.04). Conclusion. In Group 1 patients, we succeeded in achieving high morphological and functional results and maintaining them at a stable level until the end of the observation period. Group 2, patients with an active nAMD, previously treated with other anti-VEGF preparations, showed a less pronounced, though stable improvement in morphofunctional parameters.
Effectiveness and safety of demodecosis blepharitis therapy under dry eye conditions
Authors: Sakhnov S. N. , Yanchenko S. V. , Malyshev A. V. , Teshaev S. J. , Odilova G. R. , Khuddieva N. Yu. , Murodullaeva N. O.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of complex therapy in patients with demodex blepharitis and dry eye. Methods. 25 patients with mixed demodex blepharitis and dry eye (50 eyes; 10 men, 15 women; 61.9 ± 5.6 years) were examined before and after treatment with 0.5 % levofloxacin instillation (5 times a day, 5 days); sulfur and metronidazole gel applications (Blefarogel-forte) as part of therapeutic eyelid hygiene (Blepharogel-cleansing, Blepharolotion; starting from day 6, 2 times a day, 45 days); 0.24 % sodium hyaluronate instillation (3 times a day). Therapy effectiveness criteria were as follows: D. folliculorum mite population reduction; positive dynamics of blepharitis objective signs and meibomian gland dysfunction severity (MGD-S, points). Therapy safety criteria included the absence of negative dynamics of OSDI, tear film breakup time (TBUT, s), inferior tear meniscus height (ITMH, µm) and xerosis index (XI, points). Results. As a result of the therapy, statistically significant changes were noted, including mite population reduction (from 9.23 ± 0.81 to 3.54 ± 0.80 imagos); eyelid margins edema intensity decrease (from 3.18 ± 0.39 to 1.30 ± 0.45 points) and hyperemia decrease (from 2.90 ± 0.29 to 0.9 ± 0.3 points); MGD-S decrease (from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 0.95 ± 0.21 points); OSDI decrease (from 43.23 ± 4.70 to 25.10 ± 2.65 points); TBUT increase (from 4.05 ± 0.50 to 5.55 ± 0.50 s); XI decrease (from 5.36 ± 0.49 to 4.04 ± 0.60 points). Conclusion. The treatment of demodex blepharitis and dry eye treatment, including sulfur and metronidazole gel applications, therapeutic eyelid hygiene and 0.5 % levofloxacin and 0.24 % sodium hyaluronate instillation demonstrated a high efficiency and a good safety profile.
Complex clinical and cytological diagnosis of eye adnexa epithelial tumors
Authors: Saakyan S. V. , Zhiltsova M. G. , Borodin Yu. I. , Tsygankov A. Yu.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Studying clinical and cytological signs of malignant epithelial genesis tumors of eye adnexa. Material and methods. In 2015–2020, 308 patients aged from 23 to 87 (58.0 ± 6.7) years with suspected malignant neoplasms of eyelid skin and conjunctiva were cytologically examined. The material for cytological examination was obtained by scraping (n = 271; 88 %), imprinting (n = 27; 8.8 %), and fine needle aspiration biopsy (n = 10; 3.2 %) if the neoplasm was more than 10 mm thick. Preparations were processed and fixed according to the standard technique using panchromic Pappenheim staining. Results. The cytological analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis and the epithelial genesis of the malignant neoplasm in 273 (88.7 %) patients. The benign nature of the tumor was confirmed in 17 patients (5.5 %) and the non-tumor nature of the process was confirmed in 11 patients (3.6 %). In the group of malignant tumors, basal cell cancer prevailed, affecting 240 patients (87.9 % of all malignant tumors). 27 patients (9.9% ) had squamous cell cancer, 4 patients had meibomian gland cancer in 4 patients, and 2 patients had undifferentiated cancer. Benign tumors included papillomas (n = 11), while tumor-like lesions included atheromas (n = 3) and granulation polyps (n = 3). Non-tumor lesions involved productive inflammation of the chalazion type (n = 7), or chronic inflammation of a reactive nature (n = 4). 22 patients had histological examination to check the diagnosis, in all cases the histological outcome coincided with the cytological diagnosis. Conclusion. The comprehensive clinical and cytological study allowed us to specify cytomorphological characteristics of epithelial tumors of the eye adnexa: the basal cell cancer and its varieties according to the clinical forms of the tumor, squamous cell cancer and meibomian gland cancer, and papilloma. The complex clinical and cytological method of diagnostics is easily applicable in out-patient conditions, allowing us to specify the diagnosis during the initial visit, which considerably reduces the time required for full patient’s examination.
New trends in Russian diplomacy after February 24, 2022
Authors: Stolkov Dmitriy S. ,   MGIMO University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the new trends in Russian diplomacy, which emerged after February 24, 2022. The diplomatic war launched against Russia by "unfriendly States" leads to the "zeroing" of ties between the Russian Federation and the States of the collective West - the Anglo-Saxon and European countries. In the context of the degradation of relations with the Euro-Atlantic region, there is a shift in the regional focus in Russia's foreign policy. Moreover, in order to make the implementation of foreign policy goals more efficient Russian intensifies the use of "new tracks" in addition to classical diplomacy. The purpose of the article is to identify the prospects for using the potential of diplomacy of dialogue structures as an auxiliary tool for promoting national interests in the international arena, strengthening Russia's position as an independent center of power in international relations. The theory of a two-level game developed by R. Putnam in relation to the practice of negotiating facilitates the explanation of the diplomacy of dialogue structures specificity. The theory of securitization of the constructivist school served as a theoretical justification for diversifying the global priorities of Russia's foreign policy. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the diplomacy of the dialogue structures of the Russian Federation is not developing in isolation, but it takes into account the strategic goals and objectives formalized at the official level in the basic conceptual foreign policy document. In particular, the central topics of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum include sovereignty of the economy and the formation of a multipolar world. A series of regional forums and congresses reflects the priority desire of the Russian Federation to build up ties with partners from the CIS and BRICS countries. The “Pivot to the East” raises the profile of the Eastern Economic Forum. Particular attention is paid to the development of relations with the states of the Islamic world, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. It is noteworthy that regional platforms serve not only for the exchange of views, but also for the adoption of practice-oriented agreements in the field of politics, economics, culture and sports. The very holding of events on the territory of the Russian Federation contributes to the growth of the investment attractiveness of Russian cities and regions, as well as the formation of a favorable image of the country abroad.
Headquarters locations of the largest US corporations: uneven geographies and migrations
Authors: Kiryukhina Alexandra M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dokhov Ruslan A. , Puzanov Kirill A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   HSE University,   HSE University
Published: July 2024

The headquarters of large corporations are the main asset of the economies of the largest cities in the developed world. Based on materials from Fortune-500 companies, an analysis of the spatial dynamics of corporate headquarters in US MSAs for 1980–2019 was carried out. Mapping and geographic analysis of the concentration and directions of migration made it possible to identify the main changes in the spatial pattern of the location of economic decision-making centers in the United States. Headquarters remain highly concentrated: half of them are located in the largest MSAs by population. In terms of revenue, MSA Fayetteville (Arkansas, headquarters of Walmart) stands out, in terms of market value - San Jose (the heart of Silicon Valley, only 36 in population), in terms of the number of employees - MSAs in which retail companies are located (Minneapolis, Atlanta). Geographic mobility of corporate headquarters has increased dramatically over the past 40 years. The main directions of migration: from the Northeast and from California to the MSA New York, the (Post-)Industrial Great Lakes (MSA Chicago), Texas, to the South (MSAs Atlanta and Charlotte) and the Pacific West. There are noticeable trends towards industry agglomeration: IT companies are moving to California, and financial firms are leaving it, moving to Texas. The main areas for the emergence of new headquarters of the largest corporations are: New York, (Post-)Industrial Great Lakes, the South, Texas and the Pacific West. In addition to the usual MSAs-leaders - New York (10% of all new headquarters), San Jose (10%), Chicago, Dallas and Houston - Denver and Richmond stand out. The spatial concentration of locations for new headquarters continues to increase. At the same time, at least one new headquarters appeared in ⅔ of the agglomerations. The identified trends in the migration of existing and the emergence of new corporate headquarters suggest significant shifts in the economic geography of the United States. The rapid growth of cities in the South and Inland South-West shows that the economies of these areas have reached a new level, expressed in the formation of their own “gateways” to the global economy.
Structure and age of the Rassokha granitoid massif (Arga-Tas Ridge, Eastern Yakutia)
Authors: Sychev Sergey N. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Yakubovich Olga V. , Lebedeva Olga Yu. , Rogov Alexander V. , Lvov Pavel A. , Krymsky Robert Sh. ,   A.P. Karpinsky russian geological research institute” (FGBU “VSEGEI”),   Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   St. Petersburg State University,   Russian Federation Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   St. Petersburg State University,   A.P. Karpinsky russian geological research institute” (FGBU “VSEGEI”),   OOO Gold Mining,   A.P. Karpinsky russian geological research institute” (FGBU “VSEGEI”),   Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   A.P. Karpinsky russian geological research institute” (FGBU “VSEGEI”)
Published: July 2024

The Rassokha (Rassoshina) granitoid massif is located at the junction of the Rassokha and Argatass terranes, which are located in the western part of the Kolyma–Omolon microcontinent (superterrane), within the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma fold belt, extend in a northwesterly direction and border in the southwest with the Omulevka terrane of the passive continental margin, and in the north-the east is blocked by Cenozoic deposits of the Ozhogino depression. The massif is mainly composed of light gray, creamy massive and trachytoid porphyritic coarse- and medium-grained moderately alkaline leucogranites and alaskites. The age of the Rassokha massif and its ore mineralization was determined by a complex of isotope-geochronological methods such as U-Pb dating of zircon and Re-Os dating of molybdenite. U-Pb zircon age of the Rassokha massif is 165±0.7 Ma (n=38). The results of U-Pb dating of zircon indicate that the introduction of rocks of the Rassokha massif (alaskites, leukogranites and aplites) occurred in a relatively narrow time interval about 165 million years ago. The obtained values of the age of sulfide mineralization (179±11 million years), obtained by the Re-Os system in molybdenite isolated from alaskites, turned out to be older than the values of the U-Pb age of zircon. Most likely, some increase in the values of the Re-Os age reflects the heterogeneous isotopic composition of the captured osmium. The time of granitoids formation correlates with the early stages of Uyadino-Yasachenskiy volcanic belt formation, and most likely the massif represents intrusive part of volcanogenic belt complexes. Taking into account the geological position of the massif in the zone of the Argatass thrust, it is possible to assume the formation of granitoids in an environment of transform interaction.
Fractionation of metals in bottom sediments of St. Petersburg rivers
Authors: Opekunov Anatoly Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Opekunova Marina G. , Jorayeva Alina N. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

Based on the method of successive extraction, the forms of heavy metals in the bottom sediments from eight rivers in the central part of St. Petersburg were studied. Watercourses are characterized by a high degree of technogenic pollution, the features of which are determined by the industry specialization of enterprises located on the banks of watercourses. Exchangeable forms, metals bound to carbonates, organic-sulfide (oxidized) fraction, bound to hydrate iron and manganese oxides (reduced) fraction, crystalline (acid) forms, and silicate (residual) forms were extracted from bottom sediment samples. A feature of urban precipitation was the predominance of residual forms and a high proportion of oxidized ones. Based on the methods of multivariate statistics (factorial and dispersion analysis), the technogenic geochemical specialization of different watercourses was established, the industrial and post-industrial (modern) horizons were identified in the section of bottom sediments, and the leading forms of metals were established. Sediments were characterized by a very wide range of total metal content. However, the dependence of the absolute content of metals in different extracts on the total concentration was contained only for Mn, Ni, Co, and Cd. Among the studied metals, the single-phase composition was found by Ba and Sr, which are 85–98% represented by the silicate form. ANOVA analysis of the metal content (without taking into account the residual fraction) showed that the accumulation of Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni occurs in the oxidized form; for Ba and Pb, acid extraction plays a leading role; for Fe, the maximum concentration was found in oxidized and acidic extracts; for Cd, the exchange and carbonate forms are leading. A series of decrease in the mobility of metals Cd>Zn>Cr>Cu»Ni>Mn»Co>Pb>>Fe>>Sr>Ba indicated a high lability of chalcophile elements and a decrease in mobility in the series siderophiles - lithophiles. An expert assessment of the potential for secondary contamination of metals during bottom cleaning and soil dumping in the Neva Bay was obtained, which was especially significant for Zn, Cu, Cr and Mn.
Opportunity perception as a missing link: Adjustment of the Theory of Planned Behavior to entrepreneurial process
Authors: Bogatyreva Karina A. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

Goal: to define the role of business opportunity perception within the Theory of Planned Behaviour applied to entrepreneurial process. Metodology: the data from the Russian part of the “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor” project were collected in 2021, when the turbulence caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was still active. Methodologically, the study relies on logistic regression, ordinary least squares modelling and mediation testing techniques. Findings: the Theory of Planned Behaviour is specified in relation to entrepreneurship. As such, the study determines the relationships between self-efficacy (proxy for perceived behavioural control), evaluation of social attitude to entrepreneurship as a career choice (proxy for subjective norms), fear of failure (proxy for personal attitude to entrepreneurship), formation of entrepreneurial intentions and their translation into actions, taking into account perception of business opportunities. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study specifies mechanisms that shape the early stages of the entrepreneurial process. It also contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial opportunities by scrutinizing their role in new venture formation.
Antibacterial effect of Aloe Vera on Bacteria Isolated from Cases of Wound Infection
Authors: Naik Vaishnavi Vishram , Rao Pooja , Suman Ethel , Jeppu Udayalaxmi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance exhibited by bacteria against the major-ity of antibiotics has resulted in research on alternative methods of treatment. Aloe vera has a strong tradition as a medical plant with a wide range of therapeutic uses.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of gel and crude ethanol leaf extract of Aloe vera against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter-ales isolated from wound infections.

Methods:

It is a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 7 months. Antibacterial effect of the ethanol leaf extract and gel was determined by the punch well method. Min-imum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ethanol leaf extract were determined by macro broth dilution technique.

Results:

Aloe vera ethanol leaf extract induced a mean zone size of 13.0 ± 6.0 mm and 16.7 ± 8.4 mm, respectively, for S. aureus and Enterobacterales by Punch Well method (p<0.002). Whereas Aloe vera gel failed to induce any zone of inhibition for all the isolates p<0.001. Mean MIC of Aloe vera leaf extract against 74 S. aureus was 94 ± 41.23 mg/ml and against 73 Enterobacterales, it was 45.6 ± 20 mg/ml p < 0.001. Mean MBC of Aloe vera leaf extract against 74 S.aureus isolates was 188 ± 82.46 mg/ml and against 73 En-terobacterales was 91.18±40 mg/ml p < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Aloe vera ethanol leaf extract showed a good antibacterial effect against the different strains of bacteria causing wound infection. The present article shows the possi-bility of future use of natural products for the treatment of wound infections.
Study of DC Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT and its Compact Models
Authors: Rao G. Purnachandra , Rahman Tanjim , Lenka Trupti Ranjan
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, studies of the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT
(High Electron Mobility Transistor) and its compact model are presented. It includes
the working principles of different HEMT models, their advantages, and their use in
high-frequency and high-power applications. The chapter provides a distinct idea about
the properties of different models (EE, ASM, and MVGS) and their DC characteristics,
which are generated by the Advanced Design System (ADS). The performance analysis
of the proposed HEMT models in terms of high electron mobility, high-power and
high-frequency operation, low noise amplification, and high thermal stability, along
with challenges and future scopes, is discussed in this chapter.
2D Material Tungsten Diselenide (WSe2 ): Its Properties, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Kumar Vydha Pradeep , Panda Deepak Kumar
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, we study the characteristics of the 2-dimensional material
Tungsten Diselenide (WSe2
), along with its properties, applications, and challenges.
Here, we present in detail the evaluation of TMDC materials and other 2D materials
available in comparison to WSe2
materials. We also differentiate these materials based
on their qualities, characteristics, advantages, and applications in detail. Later, we
discuss the designed device structure of the WSe2FET along with its simulation results.
Simulation analysis describes the input and output characteristics of a transistor with
WSe2
as channel material and compares its response with the conventional MOSFET.
Thereafter, we discuss the hetero-dielectric structure performance with different high-K
values, and then a dielectric-modulated biosensor device is designed to study its
characteristics and sensitivity. It is observed from the analysis that hetero-dielectric
structure devices have a high Ion/Ioff current ratio compared to conventional MOSFET
due to high interface layers interaction and high gate controlling capability. Finally, we
study the sensitivity behavior of the device and understand that as the K-value rises, the
device sensitivity increases because of the high electrostatic property in nature. WSe2
has a larger surface-to-volume ratio, which provides a larger sensing area for
interactions with biomolecules, potentially enhancing the sensitivity of the biosensor.
Memristors as Prospective Devices for Silicon and Post-Silicon Eras: Theory, Applications and Perspectives
Authors: Choudhury Hirakjyoti , Goswami Rupam , Kumar Gajendra , Kakoty Nayan M.
Published: July 2024

Silicon-based semiconductor devices have sustained Moore’s Law for a long
time. However, with the downscaling of devices, the focus of the industry has shifted
toward alternative materials having application-specific properties. Memristors have
emerged as one of the prospective semiconductor devices for multi-faceted applications
due to their data retention properties, convenient fabrication, and less complex circuit
architectures. The dual resistance states of memristors have been employed in multiple
intelligent applications, including brain-inspired computing architectures, methods,
cryptography frameworks, and biological sensing. The non-volatility of memory and
compatibility with CMOS-style architecture have led to a wide range of domains that
are capable of exploiting the properties of memristors. A number of mathematical
models have also been developed to explain the working principle of memristors. This
chapter reviews the theory and applications of memristors for the silicon era and
presents the future perspectives of these devices for the post-silicon era. 
Development of The Automotive Technology Vocational Education Curriculum Based on Current Needs of The Automotive Industry
Authors: Hardiyanta Rendra Ananta Prima , Hermanto Hermanto , Kurniawan Arief , Purnawan Purnawan , Prakoso Ilham Eko
Published: July 2024

This research aims to: 1) Analyze the competencies needed by the current automotive industry in the Automotive Industry, 2) Analyze the implications of the automotive industry's needs for the automotive technology vocational education curriculum, and 3) Analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors of the partnership program for the automotive technology vocational education study program. The subjects of this research were 5 practitioners consisting of: Service Manager, Instructor, Service Advisor, and Mechanic from the Business and Industrial World (DUDI) in the automotive sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, documentation and interview methods. The research instrument was validated through expert judgment. The data analysis technique uses qualitative descriptive analysis with the triangulation method to obtain data validity. The research results show that: 1) the competencies required by the current automotive industry for undergraduate graduates include technical competency and managerial competency; 2) The need for technical and managerial competency demands that curriculum study materials be adapted to industry needs; 3) Supporting factors for the partnership program include: complete industrial facilities and infrastructure and adequate human resources (HR). The inhibiting factors for the partnership program are: the absence of an MoU between agencies and difficulties in preparing schedules.
Utilization and Experimental Use of Stainless Steel Metal Scrap Machinery Waste, St-40 Iron, Copper and Aluminum to Reduce Co, Hc, Co2 Elements in Vehicle Exhaust
Authors: Siregar Ahmad Marabdi , Siregar Chandra A , Umurani Khairul
Published: July 2024

Air pollution due to motor vehicle exhaust emissions is increased. Polluted air harms human health dan the environment. Consequently, it is essential to make a sustained effort to reduce air pollution. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of adding aluminum scrap to the exhaust system of a motor vehicle on gas emissions composition. The motor vehicle exhaust system was modified to accommodate aluminum scrap placement. A gas analyzer was utilized to observe exhaust gas composition, such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide.  Aluminum scrap with different masses was wrapped around the exhaust's inner tube in 50 gr, 70 gr and 90 gr. The engine speed was maintained at 500 rpm throughout the testing process. It was found that the temperature of the outer exhaust tube is in a range of 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius. The results revealed that the most appropriate amount of aluminum scrap was 90 gr n to reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide in an exhausts gas. The surprising outcome was 76.78 % of carbon monoxide content declined, and furthermore hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide content were deteriorated by 61.63% and 78.37%, respectively.