bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÓBITOS NEONATAIS POR ENTEROCOLITE NECROSANTE: ESTUDO DE COORTE RETROSPECTIVA
Authors: Freitas Lucas Lemos , Nobre Keline Soraya Santana , Brito Lívia Karoline Torres , Ciarlini Nerci de Sá Cavalcante , Araújo Adriana Rocha , Maia Elaine Meireles Castro
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A enterocolite necrosante é uma doença que pode afetar o trato gastrointestinal de recém-nascidos, cujas manifestações clínicas podem ser caracterizadas por vômitos biliosos, sangue nas fezes, distensão abdominal, além de alterações nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e instabilidade térmica. As populações mais vulneráveis a essa enfermidade são recém-nascidos de baixo peso, expostos ao ambiente de terapia intensiva neonatal. Objetivos: Identificar o perfil de recém-nascidos e os fatores maternos e neonatais associados à ocorrência de óbitos por enterocolite necrosante, em maternidade de referência do Ceará-Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de coorte retrospectiva, estudo que objetiva a descrição da incidência de determinado evento ao longo do tempo, além do estabelecimento de relações causais entre os fatores associados ao acontecimento. Incluíram-se recém-nascidos que tiveram óbitos por enterocolite necrosante entre 2019 e 2021, com ficha de investigação de óbitos neonatais preenchida corretamente, não sendo excluído nenhum recém-nascido, totalizando amostra de 29 óbitos. Resultados: Identificou-se que o perfil dos recém-nascidos foi, em maioria, de prematuros e com baixo peso e fatores de risco para outras doenças associadas, como a sepse, o que acarretou realização de procedimentos invasivos e internação em ambiente de terapia intensiva neonatal. Conclusões: A prematuridade e o baixo peso ao nascer foram as variáveis relevantes no estudo e podem estar associadas à piora das condições clínicas do recém-nascido e ao desenvolvimento de enterocolite necrosante.
Palavras-Chave: Enterocolite necrosante; Recém-Nascido Prematuro; Neonatologia; Morte; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.
Non-Newtonian Pseudoplastic Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer inside a Horizontal Duct: New Correlations
Authors: Abderrahmane Horimek , Saad Abed , Noureddine Ait-Messaoudene
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, we have studied the problem of forced convection in a
simple horizontal cylindrical pipe. Two boundary conditions are considered, uniform
constant heat flux and uniform temperature. The fluid to be heated is pseudoplastic,
modeled by the Ostwald law (n ≤ 1.0). A fully developed velocity profile is assumed at
the pipe entrance. The energy equation is solved numerically with a simple implicit
finite difference scheme. Results focus on the effects of the rheological behavior (index
n), the type of heating, and the Pe number on the heat transfer coefficient (Nu) and the
thermal entry length. They show an improvement in heat transfer with a decrease in the
fluid-structure index (n). An increasing thermal length when Pe and/or n increase is
also recorded. This may lead to a huge increase in the tube’s length when a thermal
establishment is targeted. New, simple, precise, and physically indicative correlations
with wide ranges of variation of the main parameters are proposed here. Their
mathematical forms are chosen mainly to guide manufacturers for heat exchangers
dimensioning. Scientists have also shown an interest in them as tools for validation and
physical interpretation.
The Role of Macular Perfusion as a Contributing Factor in the Pathogenesis of Myopic Macular Traction Maculopathy
Authors: Quiroz-Reyes Miguel A. , Quiroz-Gonzalez Erick A. , Montano Margarita , Quiroz-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Marasini Sanjay , Lima- Gomez Virgilio
Published: December 2023

Recently, qualitative and quantitative perfusional evaluations of vessel density (VD) and choriocapillaris flow patterns at the macular level have changed the evaluation spectrum and management of different macular pathologies. Published data on long-term macular perfusional findings and quantitative VD and flow evaluation (perfusion indices) in patients at different stages of successfully operated myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) compared with the corresponding values in normal control subjects are limited. This chapter describes the role of macular perfusion as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of MTM.

The primary outcome measure included the long-term structural and perfusional macular status across groups. Forty-six eyes of 34 patients were included in the study group. The axial length was 29.89±1.67 mm. The postoperative follow-up period was 43±26.77 months. The preoperative BCVA was 1.29±0.54 logMAR, and the postoperative BCVA was 0.60±0.52 logMAR (P<0.05). The difference in perfusion indices across groups was statistically significant (p<0.005). Surgically resolved MTM eyes generally had a larger superficial foveal avascular zone area, lower vessel density, smaller choriocapillaris flow area (CFA), thinner central subfoveal thickness (CSFT), and more macular defects. Better functional, structural, and perfusion index outcomes were observed in highly myopic eyes that underwent early surgery.
Branch and Central Retina Artery Occlusion and its treatment according to OCT-A Findings
Authors: Parfitt Geraint J. , Quiroz-Reyes Miguel A.
Published: December 2023

The retina requires a large blood supply to cope with the metabolic demands of the tissue, so it is vulnerable to hypoxia when the arterial blood flow is obstructed. Retinal artery occlusions are not common, but they can cause severe vision loss and may be indicative of cardiovascular disorders, such as cerebral stroke and ischemic heart disease. The central retinal artery arises from the ophthalmic artery and its branches supply blood to the inner retina via the superficial capillary plexus. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is characterized by an obstruction to the central retinal artery that often presents with severe vision loss and a poor prognosis. Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is defined by a blockage of a branch of the central retinal artery, which typically has a good prognosis if visual acuity is 20/40 or better on presentation. Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) is a rapid, highresolution imaging technique that can visualize the microvasculature of the retinal layers, including the superficial and deep capillary plexuses.
Therefore, it is possible to determine the microvascular changes that occur following retinal artery occlusions, and before and after potential therapies that are being actively researched. Therapies under investigation for the treatment of CRAO and BRAO include hyperbaric oxygen, fibrinolysis, and embolysis with laser therapy. In this chapter, the capabilities of OCT-A imaging to visualize and quantify retinal microvascular changes following CRAO and BRAO are assessed. Moreover, the use of OCT-A to understand the benefit of potential therapies is reviewed. 
Relational Dialectics on Couples of Childbearing Age in Underprivileged Chinese Ethnicity Families in the Use of Contraception in Medan City
Authors: Hasyim Lbs M. Akbar , Kurniawati Dewi
Published: December 2023

Dialectics in the form of contradictions in relationships which can occur due to various things and problems in couple life, as well as in determining the decision to carry out a family planning (KB) program or in determining the use of contraception. This research aims to analyze how the condition of internal and external dialectics and the strategies for resolving internal and external dialectics on couples of childbearing ages in underprivileged families of Chinese ethnicity in Medan City. The research approach uses a combined approach with a mixed methods model embedded design in data collection techniques and data analysis techniques. Therefore, the data produced is quantitative data to answer the internal and external dialectical condition, and qualitative data to answer strategies for resolving internal and external dialectics. Researcher prioritize quantitative data obtained from 100 respondents, while qualitative data collected through focus group discussion with 6 resource persons as informants are meant to complement the data and elaborate the analysis results more fully. The results of the study based on quantitative data with descriptive statistical analysis showed the condition of internal dialectic variables obtained an average value of 4.10 and the external dialectic variables obtained an average value of 3.49 on a 5-point Likert Scale. Based on the assessment criteria using the grand mean analysis, both are in a relatively stable condition. However, this value means that the respondents in this study tend to be more able to cope with the internal dialectics which occur than the external dialectics of contraceptive use. Meanwhile, the dialectic resolution strategy used by respondents in resolving internal dialectics tends to use a balance strategy and in resolving external dialectics using an integration strategy.
Determinants of Female Fertility Based on Social and Cultural Perspective in South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Marwadi Muh Chalik
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of the population continuing to grow rapidly means that the government needs to focus its efforts on controlling fertility. This is because fertility is more complex than mortality, in which a woman can only die once but can give birth many times. This research aims to find out the determinants of fertility from a social and cultural perspective. This research used data from 3,108 women aged 15 to 49 years old from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Apart from that, in-depth interviews were also conducted with female respondents aged 15 to 49 years old as the main research subjects. On the quantitative data, binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to test the determinants of fertility and the results showed that education, work status, media exposure to family planning, use of contraceptives, and area of residence had affected fertility. Apart from that, there are also cultural phenomena, such as panaik money, which influence women’s fertility.
Gender-Based Development Discourse and Its Impact on Women Informal Workers in Yogyakarta
Authors: Budiman Raihan Chaerani Putri , Rafeinia Dhara Cita , Arintyas Ameylia Puspita Rosa Dyah Ayu
Published: December 2023

Gender-based development in its implementation has challenges along with its characteristics, to be specific in efforts to achieve gender equality. Gender discrimination still occurs in Indonesia. It has become a culture in society which increasingly places women in a marginalized position. In this case, gender-based development is one of the main goals of the country’s development, as stated in the 2005-2025 RPJPN. Gender-appropriate roles need to be supported by efforts to optimize the role of women to bring about active participation in the development and eliminate inequality experienced by women. One way to realize gender-based development is through empowering women in informal work. The method used is qualitative, and data collection is carried out through semi-structured interviews and content analysis on media which that refer to the topic. The data is analyzed using the Miles and Huberman models with data reduction, data display, conclusions drawing/ verification, and given recommendations. The results of this study indicate that gender- based development in D.I. Yogyakarta has yet to succeed in reaching the understanding of the community, especially women informal workers.
School Information System Innovation by Eduversal through Edunav Implementation in Indonesia: A Case Study at SMP-SMA Kesatuan Bangsa Bilingual Boarding School Yogyakarta
Authors: Sidik Dede Syahril , Pitoyo Agus Joko , Ikhwan Hakimul
Published: December 2023

Technological innovation is a science which will continue to develop over time, therefore knowledge, skills, and understanding are needed in life, especially in educational institutions. Many researchers have conducted studies on educational system innovations because the implementation of information systems in educational institutions has made a positive contribution to education management. The existence of an educational information system provides convenience in communicating, exchanging information quickly and accurately, as well as an increase in educational services. This research is based on the implementation of the Edunav Information System as an information system innovation which is applied to educational institutions. Edunav is an application for student progress reports in learning in the form of e-reports. The form of the reported activity from the learning process includes attendance, homework, quizzes, unit tests and so on. This study aims to uncover the factors which drive the Edunav Information System to be implemented and the benefits derived from it at the SMP-SMA Kesatuan Bangsa Bilingual Boarding School Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The data of this research are obtained from in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study. In-depth interviews were conducted with several informants by means of a snowball. The results of this study show that there are several factors which encourage the implementation of the Edunav Information System at the Kesatuan Bangsa School, which are 1) complex problems occur in the field as there is no integrated system; 2) manual data processing which is recorded in books; 3) the existence of school initiatives to make changes from conventional to digital schools by increasing the use of information technology; 4) increasing competitiveness among schools is significant, especially for private schools. The perceived benefits of the Edunav Information System are 1) as an information system for schools, parents, and students; 2) as a media to support education; 3) as a means of control for schools, parents and students.
Implementation of Exemplary Leadership in the Unit Development in Arhanud 003/ARK Detachment, Cikupa, Tangerang
Authors: Sughoro Sistra Bayu , Kutanegara Pande Made , Listyaningsih Umi
Published: December 2023

The leadership role which prioritizes the element of exemplary behavior by the commander is essential in the implementation of unit development at Arhanud 003/ARK Detachment. This is related to unit members who are required to maintain their operational readiness to protect the unit against all increasing air attacks. Quantitative research conducted on all members of the Detachment aims to explore the implementation of Exemplary Leadership through practices (Model the Ways, Challenge the Process, Inspire a Shared Vision, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart) by the Commander in the unit development at the Arhanud 003/ARK Detachment and knowing the implementation of Exemplary Leadership from these five indicators which are the most influential in unit development at Arhanud 003/ ARK Detachment. Multiple regression analysis using the Stepwise method shows differences in the application of Exemplary Leadership according to Battery A, Battery B, Missile Platoon, and Maintenance Platoon. This condition has an impact on unit development at the Arhanud 003/ARK Detachment. The results of the analysis show that unit development is positively influenced by the implementation of Exemplary Leadership in the practices of Challenge the Process and Encourage the Heart, while other factors (Model the Ways, Inspire a Shared Vision, Enable Others to Act) are not that influential. This is because there are still obstacles and barriers in the unit development at the Arhanud 003/ARK Detachment which require innovative strategies and ideas as well as members who are always optimistic in improving the unit development at the Arhanud 003/ARK Detachment.
THE ELIMINATION OF THE LEGAL DEFECIENCIES OF FINAL JUDGMENTS
Authors: Miladinović-Stefanović Dušica , Knežević Saša
Published: December 2023

The final convicting verdict marks the beginning of the process of enforcing the final court decision, as stated in the formal pronouncement of the judgment passed by the court. The court verdict evolves from a thorough and meticulous factual reonstruction of the criminal act, and the application of the criminal code norms to the determined facts. The institutionalised reaction to the offender’s suspected wrongdoing is crowned by the final verdict, passed in the closing stages of the court proceedings. Filing an appeal against the final verdict ensures the supervision of the legality and the regularity of the verdict rendered during the first-instance proceedings. The court’s decision about the legal remedy is final and executive. The consequences of any deficiencies present in the final verdict may be removed only by a decision passed by a high court in the proceeding initiated by extraordinary legal remedies. The final verdict can be annulled because of its factual or legal deficiencies. This paper examines the deficiencies of the legal grounds of the final verdict.
Biodiversity of Snakes During Monsoon in Bhadrawati, District Chandrapur (M.S.) India
Authors: N. V. Harney
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The snakes are the most feared reptiles on the earth, and inhabit the most inhospitable terrains of the world including dry lands, wetland and all the possible areas. The Bhadrawati region is having a large number snakes since ancient times and the name itself suggest that there are snakes in this region. So in order to assess biodiversity of snakes in the Bhadrawati region snakes were studied during monsoon season. Snakes plays important ecological role in food chain. Depletion of these animals throughout the globe and their extinction is causing a conscientious and diligent task to the people of all spheres of the society to conserve them. Species wise concentration of snakes was estimated to predict proportion of particular snake species in the region. In all near about 300 snakes were captured in the rainy season which include 246 non poisonous 53 poisonous and 01 semi poisonous type during monsoon season of 2022. Common Indian Cobra Naja naja is poisonous and Indian rat snakes among non poisonous and only one species of semi poisonous i.e. common cat snakes were found to be predominant in the region. The studies indicate prevalence of snakes in the region
AI LLM Integration
Authors: Dubey Anand Kumar
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This study investigates the integration and utilization of advanced language models in diverse applications, ranging from creative content generation to sentiment analysis, emotion analysis, text completion, and article summarization. The study leverages state-of-the-art models from Hugging Face and OpenAI, exploring their capacities in addressing distinct facets of natural language processing. The primary focus is on the capabilities and limitations of language models in generating creative content, discerning sentiment in text, identifying emotional nuances, completing text prompts, and summarizing articles. Additionally, the research addresses the challenge of link processing within language models by implementing a dual-API approach for effective data retrieval and summarization. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper contributes insights into the broader applicability of large language models, shedding light on their potential impact on creative and analytical tasks. It explores the nuances of emotion and sentiment detection, assesses the effectiveness of text completion, and evaluates the practicality of summarizing articles using language models. The findings presented in this research enhance our understanding of the capabilities and challenges associated with advanced language models. Moreover, the study provides a foundation for future research and optimizations in the integration of language models, offering potential avenues for improvements in diverse applications.
An Improved Polling Mechanism for Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation of XGPON Networks
Authors: M. C. Patel , A. S. Mandloi
Published: December 2023

Abstract: One of the most well-known technologies that offers a large range of services at user’s fingertips without requiring the least amount of infrastructure is passive optical networks. This can be due to a particular component known as the passive optical spiller. In order to facilitate time division access for individual ONUs on a single optical fiber, the appropriate dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism must be present at the OLT with the advent of user support. For bandwidth assignment by DBA, it is essential to determine the precious upstream bandwidth demand, and can be aided by the more frequent polling mechanism. The more frequent polling mechanism lead to erroneous bandwidth report problem, become more serious when the mechanism is employed in larger coverage area network (specifically larger channel delay). This IBR problem lead increase in upstream delay at higher load condition, it’s because of improper assignment of bandwidth and waste of bandwidth. The IBR issue is resolved by the improved polling and scheduling method presented in this paper. Instead of transmitting the bandwidth allotment in each downstream frame, the OLT uses this scheduling technique to send it all at once to a TCONT (i) of ONU (i) for the duration of the SI period. To counteract the channel delay impact, a unique polling technique is also presented that use the hybrid methodology in which the OLTs sends polling mechanism once per the Service interval but According to the simulation study’s findings, the suggested system reduces mean upstream delay for type 2, 3, and 4 traffic classes by 62% when compared to the EBU scheme and by up to 20% when compared to the XGIANT design.
THE EXISTENCE OF GAYO ART BEYOND ITS TRADITIONAL REALM: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN BANDA ACEH
Authors: Syawali Rahmat , Ismail Fauzi
Published: December 2023

Gayo art is one of the folk arts of Aceh originating from Tanoh Gayo, Central Aceh. Gayo art serves as popular entertainment and a means of Islamic missionary for the dissemination and development of Islam in the Banda Aceh region. This art is often featured in weddings, circumcision ceremonies, festivals, and other events. The focused types of art are performance arts, such as Gayo dances (Saman, Bines, Guel, and others), music, and poetry. The research findings indicate that the development of Gayo art in Banda Aceh has progressed after being regularly and systematically showcased several times. Gayo art is popular and appreciated in Banda Aceh because, during performances, it is not only unique and beautiful to witness, but it also involves various forms of artistic attractions such as didong and bersebuku. This captivating attraction draws the attention of the community to organize and attend Gayo art performances held on various art stages in Banda Aceh.
ANALYSIS OF COST AND REVENUE : EMPIRICAL STUDY OF BUSINESS UNIT WAKAF ANISA BAKERY
Authors: Triyawan Andi , Prastyaningsih Ika , Nabila Dwi Syahreni
Published: December 2023

The aim of this research was to examine the expenses and revenue of the Annisa Bakery Gontor Putri Campus 1 business division. A qualitative descriptive method was utilized, employing a case study approach at the Mantingan branch of the Annisa Bakery Business Unit located in Ngawi, East Java. Data was collected through financial records encompassing both costs and sales generated during a single production cycle. The findings of this study reveal that the average monthly revenue obtained by the Annisa Bakery business unit amounted to IDR 46,336,500, while the total expenses incurred by the business unit amounted to IDR 18,817,500. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the bread business conducted by the Annisa Bakery business unit is considered feasible, as the R/C ratio exceeds 1, with a value of 3.40.
The Golden Horde through the eyes of Contemporaries and Eyewitnesses
Authors:   Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Ivanov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study: To show how the Golden Horde was seen – its population, its way of life, appearances, occupations – by representatives of the European (Catholic) and Eastern (Muslim) worlds. Their impressions, set out in the corresponding narratives, not only created the image of this state, but also influenced later ideas about the peoples who inhabited the eastern steppes – “Tartaria”. Research materials: The main source on the history of the Golden Horde/Ulus of Jochi are the narrative works of medieval European and Arab-Persian authors. Most eastern narrativist writers had never visited the territory of this state. They drew their information either from the stories of traveling merchants and envoys, or from the writings of their predecessors in compilations. In this regard, the narratives created by Europeans, from the point of view of source studies, differ favorably from the Arab-Persian ones not only in their information content, but also in the directness of its transmission. Research results and scientific novelty: Almost all the narratives known to us related to the Golden Horde were created for political purposes. Accordingly, their content reflects precisely the political, military and dynastic history of this state. Those few authors who had the opportunity to observe the life of the Golden Horde with their own eyes and from the inside – Plano Carpini, Guillaume (Willem) Rubruk, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta – recorded approximately the same things in their notes, namely that “Tatars” were nomads who fed on the products of cattle breeding and hunting, were unpretentious in everyday life, unpretentious in clothing, formally Muslims but in fact dual-religionists since they preserved pagan remnant traditions of nomads. It is almost impossible to establish the scale of urbanization of the Golden Horde from these narratives. Thus, from the point of view of historical source study, the available material objectively forms three main empirical directions in the study of the Golden Horde, each of which has its own subject, without intersecting and practically without interacting with each other: the archeology of the Golden Horde nomads, the archeology of settlements (cities), and socio-political history. Therefore, the modern presentation of the history of the Golden Horde has the character of essays which will evidently persist for quite a long time.
Development of Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Public Administration: From The “Iron Cage” Bureaucracy to Digital Governance and Client-Centeredness
Authors: Lyalikov A. A.
Published: December 2023

This article presents an analysis of classical (“Old Public Administration”, “New Public Management”, “Good Governance”) and relatively new approaches in public administration (E-government, Digital Public Administration, client-centered, process and project approaches). The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of each approach and explore how their combined use can lead to more effective delivery of public services. The study used the method of a systematic literature review of relevant scientific sources, followed by a comparative analysis of the key features and characteristics of each approach. The results of the analysis show that each approach has unique contributions and limitations, and their effectiveness depends on a number of contextual factors. Old Public Administration focuses on hierarchy, rules and procedures and is effective in ensuring administrative efficiency and accountability. New Public Management emphasizes market principles, such as results-based budgeting, decentralization and competition, and aims to improve efficiency, effectiveness. Good Governance emphasizes democratic values, transparency, accountability and citizen participation in decision-making processes. E-government and digital government approaches aim to use technology to improve the efficiency of government, accessibility and quality of public services. The customer-centered approach focuses on understanding the needs and preferences of citizens and providing customized services that meet their expectations. The process approach emphasizes the importance of systematic planning, implementation and evaluation of public policies and services to achieve the desired results. The project-based approach focuses on the use of project management principles, such as stakeholder engagement, risk management and performance monitoring, to implement complex public projects. The design and implementation of public policies and services must take into account the context, citizen needs and preferences, and broader societal interests. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and adaptation in public administration to meet the changing challenges and needs of society. The study concludes that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to public administration, and a multifaceted approach is necessary for the effective and efficient functioning of the state apparatus.
Digital Technologies in the Tourism Economy: Project “The Lomonosov Way”
Authors: Yafasov A. Ya. , Kibalnikov S. V. , Merkulov A. A. , Poskonny D. A.
Published: December 2023

The most important task of the modern Russian economy is the transition to new principles of work, digital platforms and technologies that can provide a comprehensive, complete and efficient relationship between market participants, the state and society. The purpose of this work is to develop a universal digital platform for working in the field of tourism on the example of the tourist project “The Lomonosov Way”. The work uses the methods of the digital economy, the original digital platform NBICS.NET, which makes it possible to systematize the solution of social, environmental and economic problems of the territories, the provision of tourism services in digital and analog, online and offline formats. NBICS.NET tools make it possible to apply AI, IoT and VR/AR/MR technologies, create a set of requirements and professional standards for the sustainable and high-quality provision of tourism services, and provide green technologies at all stages and processes of tourism projects. This ensures respect for people and the natural environment, the solution of social, environmental and economic problems of deep territories, stimulating the impact on the transformation of villages, towns and cities participating in the project and included in the digital platform. The presented project, associated with the great Russian thinker Mikhail Lomonosov, combines the history of science and education in Russia over the past 300 years in conjunction with the life of the peoples of the country, thereby realizing a conceptually new form of education for the younger generation. The platform can become a basis and a digital universal solution for creating similar tourism products in other regions and countries, uniting peoples with a humanitarian meaning.
The Problems of Using Artificial Intelligence in Military Management
Authors: Ghazeyan Kh. A. , Harutyunyan G. E.
Published: December 2023

As a state-of-the-art technology, artificial intelligence (AI) claims a key role in improving the well-being and living conditions of human society, as well as in the sustainable development of the global economy, increasing productivity and effectively solving universal problems. Increasingly, questions are also being discussed about the influence of AI — as a new determinant of the balance of power — on the conditions for achieving and maintaining peace in individual regions and around the world. Therefore, the study of modern trends in the use of AI for military purposes (in particular, in the system of military command), as well as the discussion of issues about the possibilities, features and problems of its prospective use, are of great importance in terms of specifying the main guidelines for the preservation and development of the military potential of the state in modern conditions.

The purpose of the article is to discuss the application of AI technologies in military control as in terms of possible advantages, and in the aspect of the significant risks associated with the use of AI in the military sphere, and which are universal existential in nature and can have a direct impact on the long-term future of human society — world war between major powers, the possibility of nuclear conflict, and the likelihood of AI spiralling out of control.

The theoretical basis for the study was the scientific works of both Armenian and Russian and Western authors.

The main research methods are comparative analysis based on observations of various examples of the use of AI in military control and the method of scientific induction, updated taking into account the pragmatic factor (the method of logical inference confirmed by facts).

As the results of the study, the article presents the main risks that are possible when using AI for military purposes. In particular, we are talking about a world war between major powers, the likelihood of a nuclear conflict and the withdrawal of AI from control. All these risks are universal existential in nature and can have a direct impact on the long-term future of human society. Some important circumstances and factors are also presented that force more attention to policies to neutralize the risks of using AI in the field of military administration.

The conclusions justify the need to comply with the “safety rule” for the use of AI. The formation of a legal framework and relevant infrastructures for this should take place much earlier than the actual use of AI; otherwise, the consequences can be negative rather than positive.
Problems and Prospects of Development of International Customs Cooperation in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: Bartsaev A. V. , Vorona A. A.
Published: December 2023

Modern conditions of development dictate the need for cooperation. Today, Russia participates in the common market and the common economic space, the economic sphere, the activities of customs organizations, concludes agreements on international obligations and customs cooperation, and also actively cooperates with states and organizations in the field of customs operations and customs activities. The article considers the process of international customs cooperation of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation. The development of international customs cooperation in the context of digitalization is considered. The influence of digitalization on the regulatory framework of international customs cooperation, customs diplomacy and on the organizational and protocol basis is determined. The problems arising in the conditions of digitalization in the implementation of international activities in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation with the help of digital information and technical means are presented. The interaction of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation with the customs administrations of foreign states in the conditions of digitalization is analyzed. The positive practice of using digital technologies in the interaction of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation with the customs administrations of foreign states, as well as their problematic issues, is considered. The process of negotiations and practical experience of interaction between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on cooperation of their customs services in the field of preliminary information exchange are analyzed. Based on the results of the study, the authors propose to further develop international customs cooperation on the example of successful projects, as well as use a digital platform to improve the quality and efficiency of international cooperation to solve emerging problematic issues.
Management Efficiency: The Historian’s View
Authors: Shamakhov V. A.
Published: December 2023

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Courage and Heroism of Soviet Soldiers in the Battle of Kursk
Authors: Gridnev V. P.
Published: December 2023

The appeal to this topic is due to the 80th anniversary of the victory at the Kursk Bulge (August 23, 2023), as well as the conduct of a special military operation. The Battle of Kursk demonstrated the morale, unity and will of the multinational Soviet people in defending their Fatherland. Only on the Kursk Bulge 248 servicemen who showed courage and heroism were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Their patriotism, service to the Fatherland and responsibility for its fate serve as an example for the population of the country, soldiers and officers of the Armed Forces of Russia.
Mutual Enrichment or Brain Drain? The Analysis of International Student Mobility in the Cases of Russia and Germany
Authors: Savelchev L. A.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The study addresses the phenomenon of brain drain developing via international student mobility.

Methods. In order to address the research question “What impact has international student mobility between Russia and Germany had on the formation of the brain drain in Russia?” a qualitative methodology was applied with the comparative historical method (philosophical comparativism) and the case study. In terms of data collection techniques, document and Internet-based research was primary used.

Results. First and foremost, the research revealed that international student mobility between Russia and Germany is imbalanced: the number of Russian students studying in Germany from 2013 to 2020 was almost 30 times higher than the number of German students coming to Russia. Furthermore, 47% of the Russian students who were permitted to study in Germany from 2006 to 2011 were still there 10 years later on various reasons, including naturalisation.

Conclusions. Firstly, international student mobility between Russia and Germany does not contribute to the mutual enrichment of each other (brain circulation), but it rather plays a significant role in the brain drain formation of the former and the brain gain of the latter. Secondly, the difference in the level of socio-economic development and features of the political systems in Russia and Germany may explain the high demand for German higher education among Russian students and, at the same time, futility and unattractiveness of Russian higher education for German students. As an outcome, the author proposes recommendations for strengthening Russia’s technological sovereignty, multiplying and preserving its intellectual capital.
The Problem of Universal Digitalization in the Mirror of Russian Audiovisual Orthodox Media (On the Example of the Spas TV Channel)
Authors: Goryntseva E. A.
Published: December 2023

This scientific work is devoted to explaining how the problem of digitalization is understood in the broadcast of Russian audiovisual Orthodox media. Religious, in particular Orthodox, mass media are aimed at understanding events and processes from a value-worldview perspective: by determining the position of the media in relation to digitalization, it is possible to identify an assessment of the phenomenon from an ethical point of view. According to the author, the most representative TV channel is Spas (more specifically, the program Glavnoye (The Main Thing). The paper is aimed at determining which manifestations of digitalization in the life of society and man are discussed in the channel’s program, how the TV channel assesses the universal introduction of digital technologies. It is supposed to study the semantic content of the program, therefore, the main method of research is the analysis of media texts (journalistic materials of the TV channel).As a result of the study, it turned out that such manifestations of digitalization as the Internet and cyberspace, urban video surveillance systems, biometrics, unified databases, artificial intelligence, chipization of the population and digital learning are being analyzed by program. The journalists of Spas do not give an unambiguous assessment of digital transformation. The following position is stated on the air: like any phenomenon, digitalization produces both positive and negative effects. Transformations can represent improvements in response to modern challenges. How[1]ever, at the same time, it is necessary to take into account the potential and real threats that digitalization poses to a person and society. In the virtual environment, such problems as the security of personal information and personal space, the effectiveness of digital education in comparison with the classical face-to-face, the cybercivilization practice advance of the regulatory framework development and the need to regulate the legislation of the Russian Federation to stop the processes taking place in the gray legal zone are becoming more acute. Cyberspace is a new sphere of human habitation, where maximum security, including privacy, should be ensured in the absence of excessive control.
Path Dependence and Problems of Governance: The Historian’s View
Authors: Shamakhov V. A.
Published: December 2023

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The Popularity of K-Pop Culture in Russia: Good or Evil? The Case of BTS
Authors: Kashina M. A.
Published: December 2023

The export and consumption of mass culture products through social networks is practically uncontrollable through globalization. The Republic of Korea, which has made a bet on its creative industries, has achieved noticeable success in this area. The number of fans of the Korean wave (Hallyu) is growing all over the world, in Russia too. K-pop, the musical component of Hallyu, is the most interesting because most of its fans are young people. This actualizes the question about consequences of the k-pop passion on the individual and societal levels.

   The purpose of the study: to analyze the causes and consequences of Russians’ passion for k-pop, in particular, the BTS creativity.

   The theoretical basis is the theory of the cultural industry by M. Horkheimer — T. Adorno and the theory of social media by M. McLuhan — G. Jenkins. The online fandom BTS — ARMY is seen as an informal social institution of mass culture.

   Empirical base. Online survey of Russian BTS fans (N=2483), 13 personal fan essays, 5 focus groups with people of different ages who are not fans but know them well. results.

    Results. The passion for k-pop, in particular BTS, is a form of response to the challenges of modern society, in particular, the growth of loneliness, competition, the devaluation of moral values and the crisis of family relations. Positive effects are associated with the personal development of fans, broadening their horizons, increasing self-confidence and tolerance, the emergence of new forms of leisure and hobbies. Participation in a fandom creates a sense of group identity and solidarity, and social networks allow the development of a “culture of participation”. Negative effects are manifested in the idealization of South Korea, its people and culture, the desire to remain in the “beautiful fairy tale” created by the South Korean cultural industries. As a result, groups of female fans are self-isolating. Considering an idol, far from Russian realities, as a normative model of a man, leads to difficulties in building partnerships between female fans with the opposite sex. Non-aggressive behavior of ARMY forms a generally tolerant attitude towards them. K-pop fandom is perceived as a childhood disease that will eventually go away without much treatment. According to opinion of focus group participants, it does not pose a threat to national security and the national identity of the inhabitants of Russia. directions for further research are related to a more detailed analysis of the mechanisms of BTS psychological support for their fans, a comparison of the socio-demographic composition and main types of activity of Russian fans of male and female K-pop groups, an assessment of the meaning of the “complicity culture”, which BTS fans create, for their personal development.
Global Economy: Moving from a Standardized to a Non-Standardized Development Model
Authors: Boiko I. V.
Published: December 2023

The world economy has entered a new phase of its development — the destruction of the technological system created after the WWII.

   The purpose of the article is to argue that the destruction of the standardized economy is the main cause of the most acute problems of the world economy.

   The common features of standardized production and economy of scale are investigated. The key role of dual use technologies in the development of a global system of standardized production and a special role of the Chinese economy in the development of the economy of scale, which the country played in the 21th century, are described. The author comes to the conclusion that the cyclical downturn of the world economy is caused mainly by the exposition of the techno-economic model of standardized production, which leads to the aggravation of international economic conflicts and contradictions such as trade wars, global supply chain disruption, disintegration and many others. The destruction of the standardized economy of scale is manifested in the increase in the production and transportation costs, the global inflation growth, the global supply chain disruption. In the study the author applies the methods of empirical research and theoretical cognition. Methodological novelty is presented in the argumentation of the global economic transition from a standardized economy of scale to a non-standardized economy of scope. The business localization, the new trend towards resource saving mode in production, the necessary diversification of industrial production consistent with the specifics of the given locality are just a few among others arguments that testify to this transformation. The article highlights preliminary features of economy of scope, based on the non-standardized technologies, such as heterogeneity, diversification of production, continues technological improvement, compliance with a specific regional comparative advantage in business clustering.
Migration Crisis as a Growing Threat to European Security (2015–2023)
Authors: Shumilov M. M. , Shmidt O. I.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to reflect the features of the ongoing migration crisis in Europe, its impact on the legal and institutional foundations of the European Union, the relations of the EU countries, the prospects for European unity. It is obvious that the causes of the migration crisis have changed little in recent years.

   Despite a certain stabilization of the situation in the Middle East, especially, in Syria, many millions of Arabs, Afghans, Africans still intend to move to what they consider to be a prosperous Europe. Millions of Ukrainian citizens have recently been added to them. At the same time, in the context of the ongoing crisis of the neoliberal model of globalization in the context of the rivalry of the great Powers, the migration challenge has acquired unprecedented acuteness and significance of an existential threat to European security. In 2022, European countries and supranational institutions of the EU signed their inability to adequately respond to the new aggravation of the migration crisis, which seems to have acquired a permanent, stable, and extremely destructive character. All attempts to curb illegal migration flows have proved futile and have created new problems, including in the relations of the EU member States. This is especially convincingly evidenced by the experience of Italy, which enjoys increased attention from migrants and refugees. Largely due to the aggravation of the problem under consideration in September 2022, the center-right coalition won the parliamentary elections in this country. The new government headed by Giorgia Meloni, faced with the migration crisis, is in search of optimal mechanisms for its settlement. Relying less and less on supranational institutions, it seeks to pursue a nationally oriented policy, without regard to Brussels. In the humanitarian activities of the institutions of the “global society” in the person of the NGOs, the Italian authorities note exclusively malicious, selfish, even criminal motives and defiantly refuse to cooperate with them. All this confirms the failure of the EU migration policy and testifies to the intensification of the erosion of European solidarity in the sensitive security sphere for the EU. On this basis, there is a clash of many interests, both “European solidarity” and the ability of the EU supranational structures to fend off new challenges to European security without violating the agreements reached on fundamental human rights are being tested.