bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propagules go with the flow: Near‐field particle dispersion in reaches with different hydrodynamic conditions
Authors: Farrow Christopher R. , Lim Loong‐Tak , Ackerman Josef D.
Published: December 2024

We examined the effects of riverbed roughness and turbulence (shear velocity, ) on propagule dispersion in the near‐field region (< 100 m) by releasing microbead models of larval and juvenile unionid mussels in tributaries of the Grand River (Ontario, Canada). The Conestogo River had the roughest bed and highest mean , followed by the Grand and Speed rivers. We predicted more downstream transport with higher velocities and that longitudinal dispersion coefficients (Kx) would match the patterns in roughness and . The Conestogo River had the highest downstream particle flux and Kx as predicted by simple empirical equations. Inconsistent with model predictions, however, the Grand River had the lowest particle flux and Kx. These differences were greater than expected based on the small differences in reach‐averaged mean velocities between the Grand and Conestogo rivers. This mismatch between Kx predicted by simple empirical models and those fit to an advection–diffusion model was related to the inertial properties of the flow in the advective zone (i.e., near field) of the reaches. Streamwise, lateral, and especially vertical velocities at drift nets were spatially heterogeneous within and among reaches, demonstrating the influence of the flow direction on particle flux. Although bulk fluid statistics provided a useful indication of how dispersal distances vary among rivers, our results suggest that near‐field dynamics can be complex, requiring high‐resolution bathymetry and velocity data for the development of improved advection–diffusion models. Care should be exercised in predicting the dispersal of particles at ecologically relevant spatial scales in rivers.
Discovery of a non‐nucleotide stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist with systemic antitumor effect
Authors: Wang Xiyuan , Zhan Zhengsheng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Yan , Zhao Kaiyan , Li Han , Zhou Xiaoqian , Guo Yuting , Fan Fengying , Ding Jian , Geng Meiyu , Yu Xuekui , Duan Wenhu , Xie Zuoquan
Published: December 2024

Agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway are increasingly being recognized as a promising new approach in the treatment of cancer. Although progress in clinical trials for STING agonists in antitumor applications has been slow, there is still an urgent need for developing new potent STING agonists with versatile potential applications. Herein, we developed and identified a non‐nucleotide STING agonist called DW18343. DW18343 showed robust activation across different STING isoforms. Crystallography analysis revealed that DW18343 binds more deeply into the ligand binding domain (LBD) pocket of STING‐H232 compared to other agonists such as MSA‐2, SR‐717, or cGAMP, which likely contributes to its high potency. DW18343 triggered downstream p‐TBK1/p‐IRF3 signaling, leading to the production of multiple cytokines. Additionally, DW18343 displayed broad and long‐lasting antitumor effects in various syngeneic mouse tumor models, whether administered locally or systemically. Moreover, DW18343 induced immune memory to combat the growth of rechallenged tumors. Finally, DW18343 was shown to be an activator of both the innate and adaptive antitumor immunity in tumor tissue, potentially explaining its strong antitumor effects in vivo. In conclusion, DW18343 serves as a novel non‐nucleotide STING agonist with systemic antitumor effect through the activation of antitumor immunity.
A Posteriori Error Estimates for Exponential Midpoint Integrator Finite Element Method for Parabolic Equations
Authors: Hu Xianfa , Wang Wansheng , Fang Yonglei
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a posteriori error estimates for the fully discrete approximation for linear and semilinear parabolic equations are established. The exponential midpoint method is used for the temporal discretization, and the spatial discretization takes the standard linear elements. By introducing a continuous piecewise quadratic reconstruction, the error of the temporal discretization is derived. The error of the spatial discretization is evaluated by the interpolation estimates. Using the energy technique, we derive residual‐based a posteriori lower and upper bounds for the fully discrete approximation. Our theoretical results are supported by extensive numerical experiments.
EPA/DHA but Not ALA Reduces Visceral Adiposity and Adipocyte Size in High Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Delta‐6 Desaturase Knockout Mice
Authors: Smorenburg James N. , Hodun Katarzyna , McTavish Patrick V. , Wang Chenxuan , Pinheiro Marina A. , Wells Kyle R. D. , Brunt Keith R. , Nakamura Manubu T. , Chabowski Adrian , Mutch David M.
Published: December 2024

The objective of this omega‐3 feeding study was to elucidate the independent effects of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) versus eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on visceral adiposity and inflammatory signaling in diet‐induced obese delta‐6 desaturase (Fads2) knockout (KO) mice. Male wildtype (WT) and Fads2 KO mice were fed a high‐fat diet (45% kcal from fat) containing either lard (no omega‐3s), flaxseed (ALA), or menhaden (EPA/DHA) for 21 weeks. Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) was analyzed for changes in tissue weight, adipocyte size, triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid content, and inflammatory markers. Despite no differences in final body weight, menhaden‐fed mice had lower eWAT weight, smaller adipocytes, and lower TAG content compared to lard‐fed mice regardless of Fads2 genotype. The eWAT of flaxseed‐fed WT mice resembled menhaden‐fed mice, while the eWAT of flaxseed‐fed KO mice resembled lard‐fed mice. No differences were observed in the expression of genes regulating eWAT inflammatory signaling (Tnfα, Nfκb, Mapk14, Mcp1, Ccl5, Tlr4, Nlrp3, or Adipoq) or the abundance of select proteins (p38‐MAPK or MCP‐1). In conclusion, a high‐fat diet containing EPA/DHA, but not ALA, attenuates adipocyte hypertrophy and lowers TAG content but has no effect on eWAT inflammation in a mouse model of long‐term diet‐induced obesity.
What is the role of parenteral nutrition in the management of the patient with severe acute pancreatitis?
Authors: McClave Stephen A. , Martindale Robert G.
Published: December 2024

Severe acute pancreatitis often presents as a complex critical illness associated with a high rate of infectious morbidity, multiple organ failure, and in‐hospital mortality. Breakdown of gut barrier defenses, dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, and exaggerated immune responses dictate that early enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred over parenteral nutrition (PN) as the primary route of nutrition therapy. EN, however, is not feasible in all cases because of intolerance, risk of complications, or a direct contraindication to enteral feeding. For these patients, PN can be provided in a manner that is safe, is metabolically appropriate, and follows the principles of modern critical care nutrition. Adherence to goal‐directed fluid resuscitation, provision of trophic doses of PN to meet 20%–25% of protein and/or calorie requirements through the acute phases of illness, use of less‐inflammatory intravenous lipid emulsions, and close monitoring of electrolytes, triglyceride levels, and signs of refeeding syndrome all serve to optimize the response to this route of nutrition support. For these reasons, prescribing PN remains an important strategy in the management of this difficult population of patients.
Exploring healthcare facilities' blenderized tube feeding policy trends: A survey of registered dietitian nutritionists
Authors: Spurlock Amy Y. , Bennett Katherine , Missbrenner Nicolette , Mecham Sharece , Thomas Noah , Johnson Teresa W.
Published: December 2024

Background

Recent surveys suggest that registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are increasingly supportive of blenderized tube feeding (BTF). However, its actual use in clinical practice continues to lag. This disconnect may be explained by a lack of comprehensive BTF policies. This study aimed to explore BTF policies in medical facilities in which RDNs are employed.

Methods

An electronic survey was disseminated to RDNs through enteral nutrition formula and supply company email databases. The survey collected participant demographics, medical facility type, barriers and contraindications for BTF use, and components of a comprehensive policy. Potential relationships between demographics and self‐assessed BTF skill level were also explored.

Results

Of the 123 RDNs completing the survey, 87% supported BTF and 76.4% used it in clinical practice. Commercial BTF products (cBTFs) were allowed in 63.4% of facilities, but policy‐related barriers hindered actual cBTF use. Home‐prepared BTF policies were available in 54.5% of facilities, but only 7% of these policies were complete. Inpatient facilities were particularly lacking in any BTF policies compared with outpatient settings (χ2 = 10.550, P = 0.005).

Conclusion

RDNs are increasingly supportive of BTF for their patients who want it. To provide optimal patient‐centered care, comprehensive BTF policies are needed for successful implementation in healthcare facilities.
Eating behaviors of children with intestinal failure and those who achieve enteral autonomy: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pires Giovana Q. , Signorini Alana V. , Miller Cristina , Giesta Juliana M. , Ceza Marília R. , Adami Marina R. , Kieling Carlos O. , Goldani Helena A. S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Children with intestinal failure (IF) receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) are exposed to risk factors that predispose them to developing disordered eating behavior. This study aimed to assess the food interest patterns of PN‐dependent children with IF and those who achieved enteral autonomy (EA).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in children aged 1–14 years with IF currently receiving PN for >60 days and in children who achieved EA. The American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association—National Outcomes Measurement System (ASHA‐NOMS) scale for oral feeding assessment and Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) for eating behavior were used. Children were divided into two groups, G1 (currently using PN) and G2 (achieved EA by discontinuation of PN), for the analysis of each subscale of the questionnaire. The PN dependency index (PNDI) was also assessed.

Results

Fifty‐one children were evaluated, and the median (IQR) age was 47.0 (26.0–69.0) months. Thirty‐five (68.6%) children were in G1, and 16 (31.4%) were in G2. Children in G2 had better mean scores than those in G1 on the satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food subscales. These scores were significantly different among children with high/moderate PN dependence compared with those with mild dependence or those who achieved EA.

Conclusion

Compared with children who achieved EA, those with PN‐dependent IF showed food avoidance patterns of less interest in and enjoyment of food. This pattern was more pronounced in those with moderate/high dependence on PN.
The Group‐basEd Telehealth behavioral WEight Loss Program Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Pilot and Feasibility Study
Authors: Allison Kelly C. , McCuen‐Wurst Courtney , Raevsky Allie , Holmes Nathaniel , Goldbach Macy , Guerra Carmen E. , Rendle Katharine A. , Cadet Tamara J. , Krouse Robert S. , Tchou Julia
Published: December 2024

Objective

Obesity is related to the recurrence of breast cancer. In‐person groups or individual telephone counseling currently comprise the behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs tested for cancer survivors. Group support via telehealth may be convenient and provide support from fellow survivors, but feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy testing are needed.

Methods

A single‐arm, 6‐month BWL program was conducted for female breast cancer survivors with an ECOG performance 0 or 1, BMI > 25 kg/m2, and > 6 months from completion of adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment. Participants attended 22 video group sessions over 6 months, completing acceptability ratings, weight measurements, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), City of Hope Breast Cancer Quality of Life Scale (QOL), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Changes in survey scores and weight (last‐observation carried forward) and differences in outcomes by patients' race were computed with paired t‐tests, ANCOVAs and Chi‐square tests.

Results

Twenty‐one (5 Black, 15 White, 1 Asian American; Mean (SD) = 60.7 (11.6) years; BMI 33.1 (5.9) kg/m2) survivors enrolled with 90% retention and 81.3% of sessions attended. Acceptability ratings were high (all > 4 on a five‐point scale). Mean (SD) weight loss was 5.9% (5.2%), with 60% losing ≥ 5% of baseline weight; White participants lost 7.5% and Black participants lost 1.9% (p = 0.04). Significant improvements were observed in mood (PHQ‐9; p = 0.01) and physical wellbeing QOL (p = 0.01). Physical activity did not change.

Conclusion

This telehealth group BWL program was feasible and acceptable for breast cancer survivors, yielding a clinically significant weight loss. Future studies should test this intervention in larger, more diverse samples.

Trail Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04855552, posted April 22, 2021
Properties of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber, and advances in its surface modification to enhance fiber–matrix adhesion: A review
Authors: Tang Lin , Hu Qingyi , Li Lizhi , Jiang Jing , Chen Derun , Zhou Pengcheng , Liu Xi
Published: December 2024

High‐performance polymer fibers, commonly used as reinforced fibers, have garnered significant attention across various scientific and industrial domains due to their extremely high tensile strength and excellent toughness. Notably, poly(p‐phenylene‐2,6‐benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers are hailed as the most advanced high‐performance fibers of the twenty‐first century, known for their exceptional mechanical properties, outstanding thermal stability, excellent flame retardancy, and chemical resistance, attracting considerable attention and favor from researchers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure of PBO fibers and two synthesis methods of PBO polymers, detailing the properties of PBO fibers to offer valuable references for researchers in this area. This review highlights various techniques for modifying PBO fibers. Conventional methods can easily damage the structure of PBO fibers, resulting in difficulties in achieving the ideal mechanical properties of the corresponding composites. Surface coating modification can improve the surface roughness and reactivity of PBO fibers without compromising their structure. Additionally, the enhancement of interfacial compatibility for PBO fiber‐reinforced composites via introducing interfacial compatibilizers is analyzed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of PBO fibers are also discussed. This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for fabricating PBO fibers and enhancing the interfacial bonding strength with resin matrices, thereby increasing their potential in advanced applications.

Highlights

Structures and properties of PBO fibers are presented.

Recent advances for the surface modification of PBO fibers are reviewed.

Scientific problems for improving interfacial bonding are proposed.

Limitations, challenges, and development trends of PBO fibers are prospected.
Living a Cancer Surveillance Life: A Meta‐Ethnographic Synthesis of Everyday Experiences and Ambivalences for Women Living With Hereditary Risk of Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Gislinge Julie Isabelle Plougmann , Byrjalsen Anna , Naver Klara Vinsand , Clausen Helle Vibeke , Ravn Pernille , Petersen Kresten Rubeck , Wadt Karin , Wahlberg Ayo
Published: December 2024

Objective

Women with or at risk of hereditary breast‐ and ovarian cancer (HBOC) often live a surveillance‐focused life from young adulthood. As they navigate a life of heightened medical vigilance, or a “cancer surveillance life,” we explore how women with HBOC, as well as their partners and families, experience this particular kind of living through a thorough literature review of existing qualitative research.

Methods

We performed Boolean searches in PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, PSYCHinfo, Scopus, and Web of Science from April–May 2022, identifying 506 relevant articles. After eliminating duplicates and quantitative studies, we systematically analyzed 53 articles. Articles examining all aspects of living with HBOC were eligible for inclusion. Following quality assessment by a verified appraisal tool, 28 articles were included in this review. We undertook an “a‐lines‐of‐argument synthesis,” and identified key similarities across studies to highlight generalizable aspects of living with HBOC.

Results

We discovered five central themes which capture the ambivalences experienced by women living with HBOC: (1) an unresolved balancing act regarding genetic testing (2) burdens of relaying genetic information within the family (3) experienced risk discrepancies (4) preservation of the self and: (5) unsettled reproductive feelings.

Conclusions

Living with HBOC is filled with ambivalences, which are critical for decision making concerning disclosing risks to family members and children, choosing between risk‐reducing surgeries or surveillance, and family planning. Healthcare professionals should be aware of these findings when counseling women and families with HBOC to provide the best support possible in navigating their unique kind of living.
Drug‐Use Safety Enhancement Model—Theory and Application
Authors: Dunbar Edward T. , Bartkowiak Ania , Brennan Alison L.
Published: December 2024

Harm reduction strategies mitigate the adverse effects of problematic drug use through overdose prevention, disease transmission reduction, and improved access to treatment resources. However, educational resources for safe drug use remain sparse and are predominantly focused on abstinence‐based approaches. This manuscript introduces the Drug‐Use Safety Enhancement Model (DUSEM), a comprehensive framework designed to foster informed and healthy relationships with drugs. Grounded in interdisciplinary research, DUSEM encompasses eight domains: knowledge, motivation, set (mindset), setting, dose, administration, recovery, and evaluation. Each domain offers practical strategies for educators, professionals, and drug consumers to enhance drug‐use safety. For the purpose of this analysis, “drugs” include all psychoactive substances regardless of whether they are legal in the United States. Our approach is rooted in the ethical, legal, and cultural practices common in the United States, particularly those related to best practices for providing care to people who use substances. The American context shaped how we understand and talk about drug use, which reflects the American reality of clinical practice in the fields of mental health and addictions. From the perspective of evaluation of the traditional, American conceptualization of the issues around drug use, our model's development acknowledges the need for a shift from outdated abstinence‐focused paradigms toward empowering individuals with informed practices for safer drug use. While serving as an educational guidepost, the model underscores the necessity for further research to refine its application, efficacy, and curriculum development. Helping professionals, such as teachers, counselors, social workers, and psychologists, can use this model in various educational, clinical, or institutional settings to help their audiences explore their own relationships with drugs. Ultimately, DUSEM aims to destigmatize drug use, foster healthier relationships with drugs, and improve safety for consumers.
Toward Equitable Health Care: Bridging the Gap in the Health of Incarcerated Individuals in Africa
Authors: Okunlola Praise Oyedepo , Babatunde Abdulhammed Opeyemi , Akoki David Mobolaji , Ilori Opeyemi Temitope , Femi‐Lawal Victor Oluwafemi , Abiona Favour Mofiyinfoluwa , Tundealao Samuel Tobi
Published: December 2024

The situation of correctional facilities in African countries represents a critical threat to health due to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and limited access to medical services. With over 3000 facilities and nearly a million incarcerated individuals, the prevalence of health conditions such as HIV/AIDS, mental health disorders, and tuberculosis is alarmingly high. These conditions are exacerbated by physical and psychological abuse and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. Despite these challenges, the health needs of incarcerated individuals in Africa remain largely neglected. This article provides a review of the health status of incarcerated individuals in Africa, drawing on limited available data. Lessons from developed countries highlight the potential for effective interventions through structured healthcare programs and policies. Recommendations include adopting the World Health Organization (WHO) prison health framework, improving judicial efficiency to reduce overcrowding, ensuring healthcare is managed by health ministries, and establishing rehabilitation centers. These measures are crucial for integrating incarcerated individuals back into society and achieving equitable health coverage in Africa.
Reliability Analysis of Weighted‐k‐Out‐of‐n(G)‐Subsystem With Performance Sharing Considering Component Interdependence
Authors: Niu Jiaqi , Li Yan , Li Mengyuan
Published: December 2024

Failure mechanism and performance transmission patterns of systems become more complex due to the coupling relationship between components and the system structure. In order to improve the system reliability, a novel performance‐sharing model is proposed in this paper, which consists of weighted‐k‐out‐of‐n(G)‐subsystems in serial. The components within the same subsystem are dependent. Based on this model, the relevant definitions of performance surplus and deficiency are given, and the system reliability is developed. A new system reliability evaluation algorithm is proposed based on the Copula function and Lz‐transform method. Furthermore, the different influence of performance transmission capacity on system reliability is analyzed. Finally, an application example of a power generation system is given to illustrate the behavior of the proposed algorithm, and the dynamic reliabilities of the system under the dependence and independence of the components are compared and analyzed, so as to show the effectiveness of the method.
Artificial Humic Acid Diminishes the Effect of Drought on the Soil Microbiome
Authors: Hoefle Daniel , Sperber Sebastian , Marzban Nader , Antonietti Markus , Hoffmann Thomas , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Berg Gabriele
Published: December 2024

Humic substances have an enormous potential for regenerative agriculture to improve soil quality and plant growth. Recently developed technologies called hydrothermal humification enabled the conversion of waste into artificial humic acids, that would allow for sustainable and large‐scale applications. However, not much is known about the effect of artificially produced humic acid on the soil microbiome and its effect on drought‐exposed soil. Therefore, we studied the effect of drought stress and artificial humic acid on the soil microbiota in sandy soil in a controlled experimental design. Analyses of 16S rDNA amplicon libraries by bioinformatics and statistics revealed that both drought and artificial humic acid application influenced bacterial community composition significantly, but only artificial humic acid affected bacterial diversity. Bacterial families like Pseudomonadaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Moraxellaceae enriched under artificial humic acid conditions, suggest an adaptation and selection of the soil bacterial microbiome. Under drought stress, artificial humic acid treatment kept bacterial diversity stable in the changed bacterial community composition. We propose that artificial humic acid application in sandy soil can improve the soil bacterial community, diminish drought stress, favour plant growth‐promoting taxa, and bring enormous potential to sequestrate carbon in the soil.
Exploring the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, and Anticancer Properties of Capsicum annuum L. (Samandağ Pepper): Biochemical and In Silico Insights
Authors: Tunç Tutku , Ozpinar Hulya , Koçyiğit Ümit Muhammet , ERKAN Sultan
Published: December 2024

Capsicum annuum L. species from the Samandağ district of Hatay/Turkey was used in our study. Phytochemical analysis of seed and fruit ethanol extracts of this plant was carried out by GC‐MS method. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) levels were determined to calculate the Oxidative Stress Index to determine antioxidant activity. MIC method was used to evaluate antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Anticancer activity was determined by the XTT assay on breast (MCF‐7), lung (A549) and brain (C6) cancer cells and healthy fibroblast (WI‐38) cell lines. The effects of the extracts on acetylcholinesterase and α‐amylase activities were investigated. It was found that C. annuum fruit extract had a lower OSI value than the seed extract. Fruit and seed extracts showed antimicrobial activity on microorganisms at MIC values of 200 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies were conducted to analyze the antibacterial properties of plant active ingredients. These studies are chemical components that are determined to be more abundant in the plant extract. Thus, it aimed to evaluate the effects of active compounds on various bacterial species. The results revealed the potential antibacterial properties of plants and provided important data that these ingredients can be used in future treatment methods. The anticancer activity in all cancer cell lines was very high in both seed and fruit extracts with a selectivity index (SI) well above SI ≥ 3. Furthermore, no deleterious effect on healthy fibroblast (WI‐38) cells was observed. The extracts were found to decrease acetylcholinesterase activity but increase α‐amylase activity. As a result, these plant extracts were found to have anticholinergic potential.
Construction of Sorafenib Tosylate and Etoposide‐loaded Liposomes: A Path to Precision Liver Cancer Therapy and its Apoptosis Induction
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Upadhye Vijay J. , Sharma Nutan , Arora Arpit , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Hussein‐Al‐Ali Samer Hasan , Abudoleh Suha Mujahed , Thangavelu Indumathi
Published: December 2024

Nanotechnology is an effective tool in fighting against cancer, playing a crucial role in investigating and fabricating novel anticancer drugs. Recognizing the worldwide prevalence of cancer, we combined sorafenib tosylate (ST) and etoposide (ETP) within liposomes. We assessed their ability to kill human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HepG2 liver cancer cells. The liposomes effectively contained ST and ETP, exhibiting a particle size distribution below 180 nm, a polydisperse index (PDI) below 0.2, a spherical shape, a strong negatively charged zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiencies of 59% for ST, 88% for ETP, and 57% for ST combined with 87% for ETP. The FTIR analysis indicates that the drugs were incorporated within liposomes. Encapsulation of the drugs in liposomes resulted in a more significant cytotoxic impact on HepG2 cells and a reduced cytotoxic impact on HUVECs. The morphological assessment of the HepG2 liver cancer cells was investigated using AO‐EB and Hoechst 33258 staining methods. Apoptosis mechanisms of HepG2 cells were examined by Annexin V and PI dual staining. Furthermore, the coadministration of ST and ETP, which were enclosed in liposomes, resulted in a synergistic impact on the drugs, leading to cell death by apoptosis.
Green Synthesis of Repotrectinib: Impact of Aqueous Micellar Media on Chemoenzymatic Transformations
Authors: Rajendra Gaikwad , Ganesh Krithika , Rajulu Govinda G. , Sambasivam Ganesh , Shivashankarappa Nagashree
Published: December 2024

A greener, milder, and scalable route for the synthesis of the anticancer drug repotrectinib has been developed. The effect of aqueous micellar media on the synthesis of the key chiral amine intermediate followed by repotrectinib has been studied. The synthesis of 2‐[(1R)‐1‐aminoethyl]‐4‐fluorophenol ((R)‐1) from a commercially available ketone was carried out using the enzyme ATA‐025 in the surfactant TPGS‐750‐M, resulting in an 82% yield and an enantiomeric excess (ee) > 99%. This method avoids the use of expensive chiral auxiliaries and hazardous reagents. Furthermore, the chiral amine ((R)‐1) was used in the synthesis of repotrectinib in an aqueous medium, resulting in a high yield and an ee > 99%.
Nanopore Confinement Effect Mediated Heterogeneous Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Multifunctional Biosensing Interfaces
Authors: Wang Yindian , Mao Zhihui , Hu Xiaojun , Cao Jiarong , Gwak Juyong , Lee Jaebeom , Chen Hongxia
Published: December 2024

Plasmonic metasurfaces (PMs) exhibit extraordinary optical response due to surface lattice resonance, which is crucial for realizing high‐performance photovoltaic device preparation. In this work, a nanopore confinement effect‐mediated MOF@UsAu is proposed as a novel PM heterojunction for photovoltaic interfaces. 2D MOFs have the unique advantage of a tunable and ordered porous structure. Its nanopore confinement effect regulates in situ synthesis of AuNPs on the MOF surface in dimensions and regions. The interface delocalization induced by work function matching and the Schottky barrier formed by band bending enhance the ordered LSPR and photovoltaic response of PM heterojunctions, achieving a significant enhancement of SPR interface plasma electric field. Based on the bi‐directional interaction design between the S‐shaped multifunctional peptide and MOF@UsAu, a PMs‐enhanced SPR biosensor is constructed for direct, real‐time, and ultrasensitive analysis of tumor exosomes. This study is the first to use 2D MOFs as substrates for constructing PMs and designing customized in situ synthesis strategies for specific application scenarios. It provides new ideas for the design of novel PMs and the construction of customized photovoltaic interfaces, expected to be extended to various types of photovoltaic device applications.
Tough and Functional Hydrogel Coating by Electrostatic Spraying
Authors: Wang Lei , Xue Yaoting , Li Siyang , Zhang Xiaochen , Miao Zhikun , Zeng Zehao , Ruan Dongrui , Shen Yifeng , Yuan Hui , Zhao Yukai , Li Dong , Luo Zisheng , Wong Tuck‐Whye , Li Tiefeng , Li Li , Yang Xuxu , Yang Wei
Published: December 2024

Hydrogel coatings impart superior surface properties to materials, but their application on large and complicated substrates is hindered by two challenges: limited wetting conditions and intricate curing processes. To overcome the challenges, lyophilized adhesive hydrogel powders (LAHPs) are developed, which consist of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) crosslinked with chitosan. These powders are electrostatic sprayed onto substrates to address wetting issues and rehydrated to form bulk hydrogel coatings to circumvent curing challenges. This approach enables the application of hydrogel coatings with a smooth surface and adjustable thickness on various materials, irrespective of category, geometry, or size. The coatings exhibit remarkable mechanical properties (strength of 2.62 MPa, elastic modulus of 6.84 MPa, and stretchability exceeding 3 folds) and robust adhesion (adhesion energy ≈900 J m−2) through a three‐step bonding process involving electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and covalent bonding. Notably, these coatings confer multiple functional attributes to the substrate, including lubricity, hydrophilicity, nucleation inhibition, and pH‐responsive actuation. Moreover, incorporating LAHPs with functional agents or rehydrating with functional solutions opens possibilities for diverse functional hydrogel coatings, such as thermal responsiveness and NH3 indication. Leveraging the virtues of simplicity, flexibility, convenience, and broad applicability, this strategy presents an enticing pathway for the widespread applications of hydrogel coatings.
Localized Morphological Modulation of Ultrathin Magnetic Nanosheets via a Strategically Designed Reduction Approach
Authors: Liu Xianyuan , Wang Xianghua , Lu Xianyong , Jiang Lei
Published: December 2024

2D inorganic nanomaterials have attracted considerable research interest owing to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Nonetheless, achieving precise control over the morphology of 2D nanomaterials presents a significant challenge, primarily due to their elevated surface energy and the stringent requirements for growth control. In this study, a designed reduction technique is employed to finely tune the morphology of 2D nanosheets, with iron salts serving as morphology‐directing agents. Al‐doped α‐Fe2O3 nanosheets are synthesized through a solvothermal process and subsequently reduced to Al‐doped Fe3O4 nanosheets, characterized by distinctive sawtooth‐like edges. The incorporation of iron salts facilitates atomic rearrangement within the iron oxide lattice, wherein rapid atomic migration induces defects along the crystal facets, resulting in unique morphologies. Furthermore, the doping of aluminum elements and the resultant Fe3O4 significantly enhance the electromagnetic properties of the nanosheets, yielding exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Notably, a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −66.1 dB is achieved at a thickness of 4.0 mm, with an effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) extending up to 3.9 GHz. This controlled reduction strategy presents a promising pathway for tailoring the morphology of 2D nanomaterials and optimizing their performance in electromagnetic wave absorption applications.
Aloe Leaves‐Inspired Multi‐Stimuli Bidirectional Bending Self‐Sensing Actuator for Smart Solar Panel
Authors: Yan Kai , Tang Yuhao , Zong Yan , Xu Qunna , Sun Xiaodan
Published: December 2024

Soft actuators with multi‐stimuli response have shown promising applications in soft intelligent robots. However, most soft actuators are limited by the unidirectional actuation and self‐perception capabilities. Here, a bilayer self‐sensing actuator with bidirectional actuation is proposed, which showed exceptional bidirectional actuation, self‐sensing of temperature and moisture, and smart solar panel. The actuator layer consisted of the powerful hygroscopic sensitivity of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS), and the conductive carbon black (CB). The structural layer is hydrophobic polyurea (PUU). The bilayer self‐sensing actuator is bent to one side under NIR or temperature stimulation (curvature reaches 3.8 cm−1) and bent to opposite side with moisture stimulation (curvature reaches −4.6 cm−1). Moreover, various bionic robots, weightlifting, and selective grasping robots are demonstrated. Simultaneously, owing to CB gradient, the bilayer sensing actuators can detect movement in different bending directions with a fast response speed (82 ms). In addition, when moisture increased, the smart solar panel bent to downward and cleaned the debris. Upon the sunshine, the smart solar panel faced to sun and maximized power output. More interestingly, the smart solar panel can monitor its bending degree and orientation. The proposed bilayer self‐sensing actuator paved the way for advancements in artificial intelligence robots.
Real‐Time Detection of Dynamic Restructuring in KNixFe1‐xF3 Perovskite Fluorides for Enhanced Water Oxidation
Authors: Ren Xiangrong , Zhai Yiyue , Gan Tao , Yang Na , Wang Bolun , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: December 2024

Mechanistic understanding of how electrode–electrolyte interfaces evolve dynamically is crucial for advancing water‐electrolysis technology, especially the restructuring of catalyst surface during complex electrocatalytic reactions. However, for perovskite fluorides, the mechanistic exploration for the influence of the dynamic restructuring on their chemical property and catalytic mechanism is unclear due to their poor conductivity that makes the definition of electrocatalyst structure difficult. Herein, for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), various operando characterizations are employed to investigate the structure‐activity relationships of the KNixFe1‐xF3@NF. Adding iron to the KNixFe1‐xF3 structure increases metal vacancies, enhancing electrochemical reconstruction. For reconstructed KNixFe1‐xF3 structure, the results from operando Raman, operando X‐ray diffraction, operando UV–vis spectroscopy, and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry reveal that the surface Ni sites act as catalytic centers within the amorphous Ni(Fe)OOH active layer, and the incorporation of Fe activates oxidized oxygen ions during water oxidation. Theoretical calculations support this by demonstrating the optimized adsorption‐free energy of oxygenated intermediates. Consequently, the KNi0.5Fe0.5F3@NF achieves an overpotential of 281 mV to reach OER current of 150 mA·cm−2 and maintains stable operation for 200 h. These results highlight a promising pathway to tuning OER mechanisms in perovskite fluorides and offer a new perspective for developing high‐efficiency and durable OER catalysts.
Recent Progress of Substituted Allylboron Compounds in Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation Reactions
Authors: Tang Xiaoxue , Chen Yushuang , Huang Jingbin
Published: December 2024

The catalytic asymmetric allylation reaction involving allylboron species has emerged as a powerful tool to access highly stereoselective allylation products. In the early years, most of the researches focused on the reaction of unsubstituted allylboronates with ketones or imines. With the synthesis of complex substituted allylboronates, allylboronic acids and allyltrifluoroborates, the type of reactions and the variety of substrates are greatly expanded. Therefore, this review article will emphasize on the aspect of regio‐ and stereoselectivity when substituted allylboron species involving and their application on the construction of versatile organic building blocks, drugs and natural products.
The Long‐Term Risk of Metachronous Advanced Adenoma Recurrence After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Colorectal Neoplasia: A Propensity‐Score Matched Longitudinal Cohort With 5‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Dai Min , Xiao Xiang , Guo Cosmos L. T. , Lui Rashid N. , Yip Hon Chi , Chu Simon , Hon Sok Fei , Ng Simon S. M. , Chiu Philip W. Y. , Ng Siew C. , Chan Francis K. L. , Lau Louis H. S.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Long‐term data on metachronous advanced adenoma (AA) recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remain scarce, leading to a lack of a standardized surveillance strategy. This study aims to evaluate the long‐term risk of recurrent AA after ESD.

Materials and Methods

A longitudinal retrospective cohort study with propensity‐score matching was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong. Subjects who underwent colorectal ESD between 2011 and 2017 were enrolled and defined as the post‐ESD group. Selected subjects who underwent polypectomy in their index colonoscopy between 2011 and 2017 were enrolled and stratified into the low‐ intermediate‐ and the high‐risk groups according to the US Multi‐Society Task Force (USMSTF) guideline. The risks of recurrent AA were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression in the matched cohorts.

Results

A total of 1745 subjects were included, with 203 post‐ESD subjects fully matched with 729 high‐risk and 813 low‐intermediate‐risk subjects, respectively. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of recurrent AA in the post‐ESD group was 7.8%. After 5 years, the post‐ESD group was not associated with a higher rate of recurrent AA to the low‐intermediate‐risk group (7.8% vs. 5.5%; adjusted HR [aHR] 1.64, 95% CI 0.77–3.48, p = 0.197) but a lower rate of recurrent AA (7.8% vs. 11.8%; aHR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19–0.85, p = 0.017) than the high‐risk group.

Conclusion

Subjects who underwent ESD were not associated with an increased 5‐year risk of metachronous AA recurrence than low‐intermediate or high‐risk groups in USMSTF. The findings will inform future guidelines on post‐ESD surveillance colonoscopy strategies.
Using Animal Welfare Framing as an Effective Approach to Communicating Climate Change—A Review
Authors: Kramer Collin , Page Jessica R. , Flint Jaylene , Flint Mark
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Climate change and its effects continue to threaten the stability of environments worldwide, impacting nearly every species. Although framing is an established technique in climate communication science, little has been done in communicating the climate change effects from an animal welfare perspective.

Objectives

The primary objective of this article is to present the synthesis of evidence in existing literature on the effects of communicating climate change as an animal welfare issue.

Methods

A systematic approach was taken based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) scoping review guidelines and utilizing a hybridized ProPheT‐PICOS Model with modifications. Using search strings, scholarly databases within the Web of Science platform were systematically searched for English‐language climate change literature that included animal welfare concepts. Articles were imported into Covidence and inclusion and exclusion criteria were then used to select articles for further analysis.

Results

Of an initial 4080 studies, only two papers were identified that used animal welfare framing to discuss climate change based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Conclusion

Further research should attempt to understand and approach framing climate change concerning current understanding by geographic location and culture to close research gaps and mitigate bias in the context of climate change and its effects on animal welfare.
Citizen, Consumer, or (Energy) Serf: Where Does Our Energy Future Lie?
Authors: Dunphy Niall P. , Lennon Breffní , Revez Alexandra , Pearce Bin Bin J.
Published: December 2024

This chapter begins by introducing the reader to the many competing visions, expectations, and role(s) being placed on citizens in the energy system as it progresses to net zero. It introduces the reader to past energy transitions and highlights the social and cultural drivers of technical innovation, along with the unequal exchanges that arose as a result. Noting the simultaneous rise of European colonialism and the transition to fossil fuel economies, the chapter also highlights how energy has framed geopolitics ever since. Questions of power and agency are also addressed, and while it does point to some optimistic developments in the recent past, it highlights the very real potential for the current energy transition to slip into a more dystopian future than has heretofore been promised.
Participation and Energy Citizenship
Authors: Dunphy Niall P. , Lennon Breffní , Revez Alexandra , Pearce Bin Bin J.
Published: December 2024

This chapter connects the discourse on participation and energy citizenship to reframe participation as a vehicle for citizens’ agency, rather than a mechanism for government authorities to gain legitimacy, acceptance, or control. The chapter explores how existing modes of participation can be enriched by incorporating a view of energy citizenship in the context of democratic processes to align the values of energy justice with the goals of the energy transition. It also considers the relationship between these modes of participation, expressions of energy citizenship, and its implications for energy justice. Finally, the chapter makes a link between how participation and energy citizenship as merged concepts may point the way to a “human-centred” approach to designing democratic processes to accompany major technological paradigm shifts within the energy transition.
Toward a Trustable Digitisation of Built Heritage: The Role of Paradata
Authors: Luengo Pedro , Varela Gerardo Boto , Pla Sergio Coll , Jover Agustí Costa , Sosa Albert Samper , Codina David Vivó
Published: December 2024

Recent development of built heritage digitisation has not included required interest on scientific control tool. Without such information, such efforts can be useless for later reuse of digital models. Paradata were developed with this purpose but discussion about its content remained limited. This paper aims to provide a first specific set for digital three-dimensional models of built heritage based on other experiences and previous fieldwork. It includes works developed with photogrammetry, 3D scanning and at a lesser extent manual CAD reconstruction. Thanks to these series of paradata it would be possible not only to document the scientific process behind the digitisation of heritage, but also to provide data for further research.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of an Egyptian S$$\bar{a}$$qia: A Computational Approach to Preserving Cultural Heritage and Water Management Systems
Authors: Barreau Jean-Baptiste
Published: December 2024

The article explores the impact of transitioning an Egyptian s

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qia, a traditional water-lifting device, from 2D blueprints to a comprehensive 3D model, offering new insights into historical artifacts. Despite financial challenges hindering the digitization of African archaeological hydraulic structures, the research emphasizes the importance of embracing 3D reconstructions. The 3D model reveals the intricate engineering complexities and cultural significance of ancient hydraulic systems through data collection and processing techniques. Strategic decision-making in data analysis is crucial, with broader implications highlighted. The article advocates for increased support for 3D digitization initiatives in African archaeology, recognizing their transformative potential in preserving cultural heritage. By addressing financial obstacles, 3D reconstructions offer more than mere data acquisition, extending to strategic considerations of paradata. These efforts enrich the global understanding of African history and technological advancements. Investing in 3D digitization is essential for preserving cultural heritage and advancing knowledge of African contributions to human civilization.
Paradata: The Digital Prometheus
Authors: Baker Drew
Published: December 2024

Paradata [‘pær.ə ‘deɪ.tə] Mass noun: From Ancient Greek παρά (pará) “beside” and the Classical Latin datum “that which is given”. Paradata is a word that has become synonymous with good practice in the field of Digital Cultural Heritage over the past few years, but where did the concept of Paradata within cultural heritage come from, what is its significance, how has it evolved, and why is it relevant to our field today? This paper aims to answer some of those questions through the author’s personal reflections on their relationship with developing Paradata as a concept and its use in current research practice.
Digital Representations of Cultural Heritage: Enabling the Quality to Speak for Itself
Authors: Mudge Mark , Schroer Carla
Published: December 2024

Humanities and scientific collections institutions and cultural memory organizations around the world are incorporating advanced digital representations of their materials into their conservation practice, service to the public, and materials preservation strategy. Understanding the reliability of digital assets is key to the success of these activities. Imaging tools and methods are now available that produce 2D and 3D digital representations which carry a metadata record describing the process of their creation. The open-source Digital Lab Notebook software simplifies the creation of such a metadata record and assists in its long-term archiving and preservation. This transparent record allows users, both within and outside of collection organizations, to evaluate the quality of the representation, understand its precision, and determine its utility for their own purposes.