bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Remarkable Changes in the Science of Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Diener Ed
Published: November 2013

The science of subjective well-being (SWB) has grown dramatically in the last three decades, moving beyond the early cross-sectional surveys of the demographic correlates of SWB. Stronger methods are frequently used to study a broader set of psychological phenomena, such as the effects on SWB of adaptation, culture, personality, and genetics. One important new research finding is that SWB has beneficial effects on health and longevity, social relationships, and productivity. National accounts of SWB are being created to provide information to policy makers about the psychological well-being of citizens. The SWB accounts represent an opportunity for psychologists to demonstrate the positive effects their interventions can produce in societies.
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) in the media – a qualitative content analysis of Norwegian newspapers
Authors: Huiberts Åshild , Hjørnevik Mari , Mykletun Arnstein , Skogen Jens C
Published: November 2013

Objectives

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is a condition characterized by experiencing symptoms after perceived exposure to weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs). There is substantial debate concerning the aetiology of EHS, but experimental data indicate no association between EHS and actual presence of EMFs. Newspapers play a key role in shaping peoples’ understanding of health-related issues. The aim of this study was to describe the content of newspaper articles concerning aetiology and treatment of EHS.

Design

Qualitative content analysis of newspaper articles.

Setting

Norwegian newspaper articles were identified using a comprehensive electronic media archive.

Participants

Norwegian newspaper articles published between 1 February 2006 and 11 August 2010.

Main outcome measures

Statements coded according to source of information, whether it was pro or con scientific evidence on EHS aetiology, and type of intervention presented as treatment option for EHS.

Results

Of the statements concerning EHS aetiology ( n = 196), 35% ( n = 69) were categorized as pro evidence, 65% ( n = 127) as con evidence. Of the statements about EHS interventions assessed, 78% ( n = 99) were categorized as ‘radiance reduction’, 4% ( n = 5) as ‘complementary medicine’, and 18% ( n = 23) as ‘other’. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychotropic drugs were never presented as possible treatment options for EHS.

Conclusions

The newspaper media discourse of EHS aetiology and recommended treatment interventions is much in conflict with the current evidence in the field. The majority of statements concerning aetiology convey that EHS is related to the presence of weak EMFs, and radiance reduction as the most frequently conveyed measure to reduce EHS-related symptoms.
Global analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs of prostate cancer in Chinese patients
Authors: He Hui-chan , Han Zhao-dong , Dai Qi-shan , Ling Xiao-hui , Fu Xin , Lin Zhuo-yuan , Deng Ye-han , Qin Guo-qiang , Cai Chao , Chen Jia-hong , Jiang Fu-neng , Liu Xingyin , Zhong Wei-de
Published: November 2013

Background

Our recent study showed the global physiological function of the differentially expressed genes of prostate cancer in Chinese patients was different from that of other non-Chinese populations. microRNA are estimated to regulate the expression of greater than 60% of all protein-coding genes. To further investigate the global association between the transcript abundance of miRNAs and their target mRNAs in Chinese patients, we used microRNA microarray approach combined with bioinformatics and clinical-pathological assay to investigate the miRNA profile and evaluate the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in Chinese patients.

Results

A total of 28 miRNAs (fold change ≥1.5;P ≤ 0.05) were differentially expressed between tumor tissue and adjacent benign tissue of 4 prostate cancer patients.10 top Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR using all 20 tissue pairs. Compared to the miRNA profile of non-Chinese populations, the current study showed that miR-23b, miR-220, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-205 maybe common critical therapeutic targets in different populations. The integrated analysis for mRNA microarray and miRNA microarray showed the effects of specifically inhibiting and/or enhancing the function of miRNAs on the gene transcription level. The current studies also identified 15 specific expressed miRNAs in Chinese patients. The clinical feature statistics revealed that miR-374b and miR-19a have significant correlations with clinical-pathological features in Chinese patients.

Conclusions

Our findings showed Chinese prostate cancer patients have a common and specific miRNA expression profile compared with non-Chinese populations. The miR-374b is down-regulated in prostate cancer tissue, and it can be identified as an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence-free survival.
Linguistic and psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15-CHI): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Chuandi , Yao Jing , Qian Shaohong , Wu Peixia
Published: November 2013

Background

Maintaining glaucoma patients’ quality of life (QoL) has become one of the most important goals for treatments. The purpose of this study is to develop a Chinese version of Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 item Questionnaire (GQL-15-CHI), and examine its psychometric properties.

Methods

The Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 item Questionnaire (GQL-15) was translated and culturally adapted into Chinese, and administered to glaucoma patients recruited from Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital. Visual functions: habitual-corrected visual acuity (HCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and mean defect (MD) of visual field) were assessed through clinical examination by professionals. Sociodemographic and other clinical data were collected via interviews and chart review. According to Nelson’s glaucoma staging system, patients were stratified as mild, moderate, and severe visual field loss (VFL). The psychometric properties, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, item-scale correlations and factor analysis were conducted. The divergent validity was assessed through bilateral comparisons of the GQL-15-CHI composite and subscale scores between patients of different VFLs after controlling for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 508 glaucoma patients were recruited (male: 265, female: 243). The mean age was 55.41 years. The Cronbach’s α coefficients ranged from 0.75 to 0.91 for the subscales. The test-retest reliability, as estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficients, were above 0.70 for all subscales. Statistically significant differences were showed in the GQL-15-CHI summary and subscale scores after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical confounders (P < 0.05) among patients with different VFLs.

Conclusion

The GQL-15-CHI showed psychometric properties comparable to those of the original English version, and thus could be used as a reliable and valid tool for assessment of QoL in Chinese glaucoma patients.
Fabrication of Si heterojunction solar cells using P-doped Si nanocrystals embedded in SiN
x
films as emitters
Authors: Wu Ping-Jung , Wang Yu-Cian , Chen I-Chen
Published: November 2013

Si heterojunction solar cells were fabricated on p-type single-crystal Si (sc-Si) substrates using phosphorus-doped Si nanocrystals (Si-NCs) embedded in SiN
x
(Si-NCs/SiN
x
) films as emitters. The Si-NCs were formed by post-annealing of silicon-rich silicon nitride films deposited by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition. We investigate the influence of the N/Si ratio in the Si-NCs/SiN
x
films on their electrical and optical properties, as well as the photovoltaic properties of the fabricated heterojunction devices. Increasing the nitrogen content enhances the optical gap E04 while deteriorating the electrical conductivity of the Si-NCs/SiN
x
film, leading to an increased short-circuit current density and a decreased fill factor of the heterojunction device. These trends could be interpreted by a bi-phase model which describes the Si-NCs/SiN
x
film as a mixture of a high-transparency SiN
x
phase and a low-resistivity Si-NC phase. A preliminary efficiency of 8.6% is achieved for the Si-NCs/sc-Si heterojunction solar cell.
Aberrant DNA methyltransferase expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development and progression
Authors: Gao Jun , Wang Lihua , Xu Jinkang , Zheng Jianming , Man Xiaohua , Wu Hongyu , Jin Jin , Wang Kaixuan , Xiao Huasheng , Li Shude , Li Zhaoshen
Published: November 2013

Background

Altered gene methylation, regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, 3a and 3b, contributes to tumorigenesis. However, the role of DNMT in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown.

Methods

Expression of DNMT 1, 3a and 3b was detected in 88 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 10 normal tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. Changes in cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of PDAC cell lines (Panc-1 and SW1990) were assessed after transfection with DNMT1 and 3b siRNA. Levels of CDKN1A, Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were assessed by qRT-PCR, and methylation of the Bax gene promoter was assayed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP).

Results

DNMT1, 3a and 3b proteins were expressed in 46.6%, 23.9%, and 77.3% of PDAC tissues, respectively, but were not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues. There was a co-presence of DNMT3a and DNMT3b expression and an association of DNMT1 expression with alcohol consumption and poor overall survival. Moreover, knockdown of DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression significantly inhibited PDAC cell viability, decreased S-phase but increased G1-phase of the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis. Molecularly, expression of CDKN1A and Bax mRNA was upregulated, and the Bax gene promoter was demethylated. However, a synergistic effect of combined DNMT1 and 3b knockdown was not observed.

Conclusion

Expression of DNMT1, 3a and 3b proteins is increased in PDAC tissues, and DNMT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients. Knockdown of DNMT1 and 3b expression arrests tumor cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. The data suggest that DNMT knockdown may be a novel treatment strategy for PDAC.
Automated detection of planar geologic features in borehole images
Authors: Assous Said , Elkington Peter , Clark Stuart , Whetton James
Published: November 2013

The interpretation of borehole images begins with the detection and classification of features—a time-consuming manual process subject to variations between interpreters. In seeking to automate the detection part for the most frequently picked features (which in circumferential images from clastic rock environments are sinusoids corresponding to planar or subplanar bedding surfaces and fractures), it is not necessary to pick all instances, but it is necessary to pick sufficient representative instances to satisfy the interpretation objective, accounting for a broad range of apparent dips, and allowing for the likelihood of fractures crossing bedding surfaces. A key challenge in this context is the minimization of false picks, as manual corrections would potentially negate the principal benefit of automation. A fast nonsubjective method is described for the detection of prominent discontinuities and the calculation of associated dip angles. It combines a gradient based approach for edge detection with a phase congruency method for validation, followed by a robust sinusoid detection technique. It has been evaluated on microresistivity images from wireline and logging-while-drilling tools, these images having a wide range of features with varying degrees of geologic complexity; the proportion of false positives in the case of noisy data is less than 5%, improving to better than 2% in the case of good-quality data. In contrast to manual picking, the method is fast and gives reproducible results. With potentially thousands of sinusoids in a single image, the method dramatically improves efficiency.
Period Dependence of Response Spectrum Damping Modification Factors due to Source- and Site-Specific Effects
Authors: Bradley Brendon A.
Published: November 2013

Response spectrum damping modification factors are key components of displacement-based seismic design methods. This paper examines the period dependence of damping modification factors as a result of near-source forward directivity, basin-induced surface waves, and surficial soil response by using recorded ground motions from the Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes as examples. It is illustrated that spectral peaks in the 5% damped response spectra have systematically different damping modification factors than those suggested by conventional empirical formulas; this is also supported by arguments based on forced vibration theory. Because source- and site-specific effects are increasingly being considered in the development of region- or site-specific design response spectra, this work illustrates the critical need to adequately consider adjustments to damping modification factors to ensure that displacement-based seismic design procedures remain consistent.
Neurocognitive Outcomes Decades After Treatment for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Krull Kevin R. , Brinkman Tara M. , Li Chenghong , Armstrong Gregory T. , Ness Kirsten K. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Gurney James G. , Kimberg Cara , Krasin Matthew J. , Pui Ching-Hon , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To determine rates, patterns, and predictors of neurocognitive impairment in adults decades after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Patients and Methods

Survivors of childhood ALL treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital who were still alive at 10 or more years after diagnosis and were age ≥ 18 years were recruited for neurocognitive testing. In all, 1,014 survivors were eligible, 738 (72.8%) agreed to participate, and 567 (76.8%) of these were evaluated. Mean age was 33 years; mean time since diagnosis was 26 years. Medical record abstraction was performed for data on doses of cranial radiation therapy (CRT) and cumulative chemotherapy. Multivariable modeling was conducted and glmulti package was used to select the best model with minimum Akaike information criterion .

Results

Impairment rates across neurocognitive domains ranged from 28.6% to 58.9%, and those treated with chemotherapy only demonstrated increased impairment in all domains (all P values < .006). In survivors who received no CRT, dexamethasone was associated with impaired attention (relative risk [RR], 2.12; 95% CI, 1.11 to 4.03) and executive function (RR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.20 to 4.91). The impact of CRT was dependent on young age at diagnosis for intelligence, academic, and memory functions. Risk for executive function problems increased with survival time in a CRT dose-dependent fashion. In all survivors, self-reported behavior problems increased by 5% (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.09) with each year from diagnosis. Impairment was associated with reduced educational attainment and unemployment.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates persistent and significant neurocognitive impairment in adult survivors of childhood ALL and warrants ongoing monitoring of brain health to facilitate successful adult development and to detect early onset of decline as survivors mature.
Accented Criticism: Translation and Global Humanities
Authors: Starosta Anita
Published: November 2013

This essay asks how translation—considered not merely as an interlinguistic procedure but as a practice inherent in every encounter—might come to inform the emergent paradigm of “global humanities.” Even as post-Eurocentric criticism presumes Europe to have been provincialized, it is all the same haunted by the formal residues of Eurocentrism because the “global” inherits its unresolved binaries and its spatial imagination that tends toward identity, intelligibility, and recognition. What I am calling accented criticism marks the desire to dismantle this post-Eurocentric form from within. Accented criticism is a principle of reading globally that shifts focus toward dialogism and toward the “double-accented” word, to help examine existing ways of ordering the world and to ask what effective decentering might look like. Reading fragments from Derek Walcott’s Omeros, Joseph Conrad’s A Personal Record, Mikhail Bakhtin’s late writings on method, and Zbigniew Herbert’s Still Life with a Bridle, the essay argues for the need to restore the enunciative dimension to the critic’s otherwise subjectless speech.
Release from meiotic arrest in ascidian eggs requires the activity of two phosphatases but not CaMKII
Authors: Levasseur Mark , Dumollard Remi , Chambon Jean-Philippe , Hebras Celine , Sinclair Maureen , Whitaker Michael , McDougall Alex
Published: November 2013

The fertilising sperm triggers a transient Ca2+ increase that releases eggs from cell cycle arrest in the vast majority of animal eggs. In vertebrate eggs, Erp1, an APC/Ccdc20 inhibitor, links release from metaphase II arrest with the Ca2+ transient and its degradation is triggered by the Ca2+-induced activation of CaMKII. By contrast, many invertebrate groups have mature eggs that arrest at metaphase I, and these species do not possess the CaMKII target Erp1 in their genomes. As a consequence, it is unknown exactly how cell cycle arrest at metaphase I is achieved and how the fertilisation Ca2+ transient overcomes the arrest in the vast majority of animal species. Using live-cell imaging with a novel cyclin reporter to study cell cycle arrest and its release in urochordate ascidians, the closest living invertebrate group to the vertebrates, we have identified a new signalling pathway for cell cycle resumption in which CaMKII plays no part. Instead, we find that the Ca2+-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CN) is required for egg activation. Moreover, we demonstrate that parthenogenetic activation of metaphase I-arrested eggs by MEK inhibition, independent of a Ca2+ increase, requires the activity of a second egg phosphatase: PP2A. Furthermore, PP2A activity, together with CN, is required for normal egg activation during fertilisation. As ascidians are a sister group of the vertebrates, we discuss these findings in relation to cell cycle arrest and egg activation in chordates.
Theoretical and experimental evidence indicates that there is no detectable auxin gradient in the angiosperm female gametophyte
Authors: Lituiev Dmytro S. , Krohn Nádia G. , Müller Bruno , Jackson David , Hellriegel Barbara , Dresselhaus Thomas , Grossniklaus Ueli
Published: November 2013

The plant life cycle alternates between a diploid sporophytic and a haploid gametophytic generation. The female gametophyte (FG) of flowering plants is typically formed through three syncytial mitoses, followed by cellularisation that forms seven cells belonging to four cell types. The specification of cell fates in the FG has been suggested to depend on positional information provided by an intrinsic auxin concentration gradient. The goal of this study was to develop mathematical models that explain the formation of this gradient in a syncytium. Two factors were proposed to contribute to the maintenance of the auxin gradient in Arabidopsis FGs: polar influx at early stages and localised auxin synthesis at later stages. However, no gradient could be generated using classical, one-dimensional theoretical models under these assumptions. Thus, we tested other hypotheses, including spatial confinement by the large central vacuole, background efflux and localised degradation, and investigated the robustness of cell specification under different parameters and assumptions. None of the models led to the generation of an auxin gradient that was steep enough to allow sufficiently robust patterning. This led us to re-examine the response to an auxin gradient in developing FGs using various auxin reporters, including a novel degron-based reporter system. In agreement with the predictions of our models, auxin responses were not detectable within the FG of Arabidopsis or maize, suggesting that the effects of manipulating auxin production and response on cell fate determination might be indirect.
Flow-dependent cellular mechanotransduction in atherosclerosis
Authors: Conway Daniel E. , Schwartz Martin A.
Published: November 2013

Atherosclerosis depends on risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, smoking, hypertension and diabetes. Although these risk factors are relatively constant throughout the arterial circulation, atherosclerotic plaques occur at specific sites where flow patterns are disturbed, with lower overall magnitude and complex changes in speed and direction. Research over the past few decades has provided new insights into the cellular mechanisms of force transduction and how mechanical effects act in concert with conventional risk factors to mediate plaque formation and progression. This Commentary summarizes our current understanding of how mechanotransduction pathways synergize with conventional risk factors in atherosclerosis. We attempt to integrate cellular studies with animal and clinical data, and highlight major questions that need to be answered to develop more effective therapies.
Bone age assessment: automated techniques coming of age?
Authors: Rijn RR van , Thodberg HH
Published: November 2013

Bone age determination from hand radiographs is one of the oldest radiographic procedures. The first atlas was published by Poland in 1898, and to date the Greulich Pyle atlas, although it dates from 1959, is still the most commonly used method.

Bone age rating is time-consuming, suffers from an unsatisfactorily high rater variability, and therefore already 25 years ago it was proposed to replace the manual rating by an automated, computerized method, a field nowadays referred to as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). The pursuit of this goal reached a first stage of accomplishment in 1992–1996 with the presentation of several systems. However, they had limited clinical value, and efforts in CAD research were increasingly focused on lesion detection for cancer screening. It was only in 2008 that a fully-automated bone age method was presented, which appears to be clinically acceptable.

In this paper we consider the requirements that should be met by an automated bone age method and review the state of the art. Integration in PACS and saving time are important factors for radiologists. But it is the validation of the methods which poses the greatest challenge, because there is no gold standard for bone age rating, and the direct comparison to manual rating is therefore not sufficient for demonstrating that manual rating can be replaced by automated rating. One needs additional studies assessing the precision of a method and its accuracy when used for adult height prediction, which serves as an objective.
Preface
Authors: Leijen Äli , Krull Edgar , Karm Mari
Published: November 2013

Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakirja esimene number keskendub õpetajakoolitusele ja kõrgkoolipedagoogikale. Erinumbri eesmärk on tutvustada nendes valdkondades Eestis läbiviidud uuringuid ning pakkuda uurimistulemuste põhjal uusi teadmisi edasiste arutelude ja arendustöö tarbeks. Kokkuvõtvalt võib öelda, et ajakirja esiknumbri kaastööd avavad õpetajakoolituse ja kõrgkoolipedagoogika erinevaid tahke ning aitavad paremini mõista nende valdkondade komplekssust. Peale kaastööde panuse teadustöö edendamisse, sh mitme originaalse mõõtevahendi esitlemise, antakse artiklites ka praktilisi soovitusi õpetajakoolituse ja laiemalt kõrgkooliõpingute arendamiseks. Näiteks käsitletakse õpetajakoolituse teoreetiliste õpingute ja õpetamispraktika parema seostamise võimalusi, samuti arutletakse kõrgkoolides õppimiskeskse õpetamisviisi rakendamise eelduste ja tingimuste üle.
Teachers’ Practical Knowledge in Novice and Experienced Teachers’ Comments on Classroom Interactions
Authors: Okas Anne , Van der Schaaf Marieke , Krull Edgar
Published: November 2013

Artiklis tutvustatav uurimus on osa mahukamast õpetaja professionaalset arengut käsitlevast uurimistööst, mille eesmärk on analüüsida algajate ja kogenud õpetajate praktilist teadmist tunnitöö korraldamisel. Viimastel aastakümnetel on õpetamistegevuse videolindistamist üha sagedamini kasutatud õpetajatöö uurimise meetodina. Õppetundide videolindistuste abil saab pärast tundi analüüsida, milline oli töökorraldus klassis, kuidas laabus koostöö õpetaja ja õpilaste vahel ehk milline oli õpetajapoolne juhendamine ning milline õpilaste tegevus tunnis. Tunnivideo võimaldab dokumenteerida tunnis toimunut ja on seeläbi abiks õpetaja professionaalse arengu toetamisel ning õpetamise kvaliteedi parandamisel.
Uuringus osales kümme algajat ja kümme kogenud õpetajat, kes panid kokku oma professionaalse arengu mapi – portfoolio, mille üks komponente on tunnivideo. Artikli aluseks oleva materjali kogumine hõlmas kaht etappi: valimisse arvatud õpetajate tundide videolindistamist ning õpetajapoolset tundide kommenteerimist stimuleeritud meenutuse meetodil. Õpetamistegevuse käsitlemise teoreetiliseks lähtekohaks käesolevas uurimuses on õpetaja praktilise teadmise kontseptsioon.
Kvalitatiivse sisuanalüüsi tulemused näitavad, et kogenud õpetajate kommentaarides ilmnev praktiline teadmine on terviklikum ning see käsitleb õpetamist kui õppija arendamist. Algajad õpetajad, tundes küll teooriat, keskenduvad eelkõige oma aine õpetamisele.
Summary
Novice university teachers’ teaching conceptions based on photo interviews
Authors: Karm Mari , Remmik Marvi
Published: November 2013

Esimesed tööaastad on õppejõu professionaalsuse kujunemise seisukohast väga tähtsad, sest siis pannakse alus õppejõu identiteedi kujunemisele, liitutakse ülikooli kogukonnaga ning võetakse omaks selles valitsevad väärtused ja traditsioonid või vastandutakse neile, samuti arenevad sel ajal õpetamisoskused.
Varasemad uurimused on näidanud, et õppejõudude arusaamade, uskumuste ja väärtuste uurimine on keeruline, sest sageli pole õppejõud teadvustanud, millistele arusaamadele ja uskumustele nende professionaalne praktika toetub. Samas on visuaalsed uurimismeetodid andnud häid võimalusi õppejõu õpetamisarusaamade, professionaalse identiteedi ja selle erinevate aspektide, elukogemuste ja mälestuste tähenduse ning isiklike teooriate uurimiseks, sest need võimaldavad intervjueeritavale anda impulsi oma arusaamade teadvustamiseks ja sõnastamiseks.
Artiklis analüüsitakse 13 algaja õppejõu õpetamisarusaamu ja nende kujunemist fotointervjuude põhjal. Analüüsi tulemusel leiti, et algajat õppejõudu kui rühma ei või käsitleda lihtsustatult, sest nad on erinevad. Algajate õppejõudude õpetamisarusaamad ei ole veel välja kujunenud ning seetõttu otsivad õppejõud alles endale sobivamat ja arusaamadega kooskõlas olevat õpetamisviisi. Uurimuse tulemused osutasid, et algaja õppejõu õpetamisarusaamade kujunemisel on peamine roll õppejõu enda õppimiskogemusel üliõpilasena ning sellel, milline on tema arusaam õppimisest. Uurimus näitas, et algaja õppejõu õpetamisarusaamad peegeldavad ka seda, millise õppejõuna soovitakse ennast näha olevikus ja millises suunas areneda tulevikus. Algajate õppejõudude erinevuste mõistmine võimaldab ülikoolidel välja arendada tugisüsteeme õppejõudude professionaalse õppimise toetamiseks. Kuna õppejõud on erinevad, siis vajavad nad ka erinevat toetust.
Summary
"Higher education at a crossroad: The case of Estonia"
Authors: Saar Ellu
Published: November 2013

Raamatututvustus annab ülevaate artiklikogumikust "Higher education at a crossroad: The case of Estonia". Raamat keskendub muutustele, mis on Eesti kõrghariduses toimunud viimase paarikümne aasta jooksul, samuti eesseisvatele ülesannetele, mille need muutused on endaga kaasa toonud. Kogumik esindab multidistsiplinaarset koostööprojekti, sest uuringute läbiviijad ja artiklite autorid on kasvatusteadlased, psühholoogid, majandusteadlased ja sotsioloogid kolmest Eesti kõrgkoolist.
TASKS OF GEO-ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION AND ITS CONTENT AT PROFILE SCHOOL
Authors: Соловьев  , Solovev M.
Published: November 2013

The paper considers the purpose and problems of geo-ecological education in the school education modernization conditions. The author defi nes a value of geo-ecological direction at profi le school and its educational content, carries out the analysis of the elective

courses promoting realization of geo-ecological education at modern school.
COMPARATIVE AND PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ORPHAN CHILDREN PROFESSIONAL identity IN GERMANY AND RUSSIA
Authors: Степанов  , Stepanov Nikolay , Славгородская  , Slavgorodskaya Marina
Published: November 2013

The comparative and pedagogical analysis of approaches to professional identity related to orphan children in Russia and Germany is carried out in this paper; forms and methods related to effi ciency improvement of children preparation to professional identity are defi ned.
INFLUENCE OF MATHEMATICS HISTORICAL APPLIED ASPECTS ON FORMATION OF PRACTICAL THINKING OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS’ STUDENTS
Authors: Богун  , Bogun V.
Published: November 2013

The applied mathematics questions from the view point of carrying out the trigonometric analysis of isosceles triangles and the correct quadrangular pyramids with application of the software developed by the author for the personal computer aimed to development of practical thinking of higher education institutions’ students are considered in this paper. Application of received mathematical and information components to the research of a gold proportion

and geometrical features of pyramids in Egypt is shown.
Fiscal (Tax) Sovereignty and Its Scope in Integration Bodies
Authors: Хаванова Инна , Khavanova Inna
Published: November 2013

The author analyses the matter of the fiscal (tax) sovereignty, tax jurisdiction, tax competition of the states, defines trends in development of the tax sovereignty and its borders in the course of integration. The article reveals some problems of the interaction of the international and national tax law.
REMUNERATION OF LABOR OF UNIVERSITY FACULTY: CONCEPTS, EVOLUTION AND WAYS OF FURTHER IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Храмова  , Khramova Tatyana , Минева  , Mineva O. , Кочеткова  , Kochetkova N.
Published: November 2013

Under the on-going reform of educational system innovative organizational

and economic mechanisms are being introduced to make transfer to a new qualitatively-effi cient model. Thus one of the key tasks for the

universities’ administrators is to enhance the performance of the faculty,

as a factor, determining the overall quality of education. Various approaches

to the teachers’ remuneration of labor, work measurement and job

analysis are shown in historical evolution beginning from the XVIII century.

Current situation with the university teachers’ compensation system

is considered in comparison with the average level of compensation for

diff erent regions of this country and in other countries as well. Recent

measures undertaken to reform the compensation system in the RF

higher educational institutions are discussed and evaluated.
SEARCH FOR GRANTS AS A STRATEGY OF FUNDRAISING TO DEVELOP UNIVERSITY’S INTELLECTUAL RESOURCES
Authors: Федотова  , Fedotova T. , Яковлева  , Yakovleva L. , Бичарова  , Bicharova M.
Published: November 2013

As a non-commercial establishment a university may take on board

methods designed for non-commercial organizations, especially since a

vast array of fundraising methods has been designed and practiced in

the non-commercial sphere. Still to exploit such methods successfully

professional skills and systematic work are required. The authors present

an original fundraising system with specifi c technologies, principles and

methods of their own design. The core organizational idea is to structure

the work with students, graduates and university scientists within the

premises of one department to focus their eff orts in a single direction.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF HUMANRESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Фоминых  , Fominykh K.
Published: November 2013

The paper discusses comparative features of administrative and social

HR-management techniques as being applied for management of innovations

in Russia.

The essence and methods to resolve the problem of management and

manageability both at the macro- and the micro-level are presented.

Comparative features and kinds of social management and administrative

control methods are outlined. The author analyzes how these methods

are used in this country for managing innovations.
APPEAL OF PRESENT-DAYS JOBS
Authors: Масалова  , Masalova Yuliya
Published: November 2013

Approaches to analyzing the appeal of present-days jobs are outlined. It is emphasized, that lack of appeal and interest that current jobs are able to awake in applicants, results in weakening employees’ motivation, increasing employee turnover and makes businesses to close vacancies and cut jobs.
PERSONNEL INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN INTELLECTUAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Скоблякова  , Skoblyakova I. , Родионова  , Rodionova Ekaterina
Published: November 2013

The need to design a system to manage innovative activities of intellectual

organizations’ members is proved from the methodological, theoretic

and practical points of view. It is argued that such a system would

be notable for high risks and its performance would depend heavily on

the extent of creative thinking, artistic talents, professional and personal

open-mindedness of the organization members.
Inventory of federal property as a way to improve the efficiency of its use
Authors: Гришина  , Grishina Viktoriya
Published: November 2013

The federal property inventory process as well-planned system for federal property availability verification, which can significantly improve the state property management and increase its utilization efficiency has been analyzed in this paper. As an ultimate goal of federal property’s utilization efficiency improving the way of further upgrading related to federal property’s accounting process, which is expressed in transition to flexible system of federal property’s accounting, is offered in this paper.
Marketing tools enterprise management sphere of food production
Authors: Белова  , Belova Svetlana
Published: November 2013

The development of methodical recommendations on improvement of marketing and logistic component of competitiveness management mechanism, justification of a business system of management for enterprise association in the industry and services sector are considered in this paper.
Improving the efficiency of fixed assets of the company
Authors: Каманина  , Kamanina Raisa , Чигирева  , Chigireva S.
Published: November 2013

During the era of production’s global automation the fixed assets as a part of all enterprise’s assets are the most important ones. They pay off at length that’s why to get profit constantly, it is necessary to increase fixed assets’ utilization efficiency. Having analyzed movement, makeup and structure of fixed assets, the enterprise management is getting an opportunity to reveal ways and reserves of fixed assets’ utilization efficiency increase, to find and correct in time the negative deviations which can entail further serious consequences for enterprise’s successful activity. Any complex of actions aimed on improvement of use of capacities and fixed assets has to provide the productivity progress, first of all at the expense of intra-entity reserves’ effective use, full utilization of machines and equipment, reduction of remobilized capacities’ assimilation terms.
Structure and essence of the media language
Authors: Березин  , Berezin V.
Published: November 2013

The article enquires into the media language aspects which help to clarify the world view of participants in dialogue communication in TV programs. The conclusion follows that lack of humanistic values distorts the very essence of the dialogue meant to define, reveal and ascertain the truth. This leads to pointless argument, just twaddle.
THE USE OF TEST TECHNOLOGIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TO COMPETENCE APPROACH
Authors: Рушингина  , Rushingina Olga
Published: November 2013

The issues related to transition to the new educational standards are considered in this paper. The author characterizes two of new standards’ key concepts, such as competence and competence approach.

The problems of assessment system as one of education’s important components functioning as feedback are revealed. The assessment system is a kind of education system’s regulator. The author considers the students’ assessment problem taking into account the competence approach. The traditional system of students’ knowledge assessment that was formed even in the Soviet school, has undoubtedly rich experience, but by virtue of its organizational and technological particularities can’t meet the requirements of modern society. The information society development has led to emergence of such notions as “education monitoring” and “evaluation”, the main point of which is revealed by this paper’s author. These notions, including all education areas, are connected even with the problems of pedagogical measurements, in particular, with the studies related to test problematics. The tests in its development have gone from their total negation till the becoming of graduates’ state exam form. The author considers the test technologies, particularly the computer ones, as an eff ective assessment mean of educational competencies’ formation level.
VISUAL THINKING DEVELOPMENT CONTEXTUALLY TO FORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION STUDENTS’ IC-COMPETENCES
Authors: Юнусов  , Yunusov M. , Бешенков  , Beshenkov Sergey , Туткабаева  , Tutkabaeva M.
Published: November 2013

The problem related to formation of higher education institution students’ information and communication competences is considered in this paper. It is proved that an essential factor of this process is development of the visual thinking, in many respects allowing to create complete perception of world around that is necessary quality of the modern expert, first of all, the one in information sphere.
SECOND GENERATION EDUCATIONAL STANDARD’S INNOVATIVE CONTENT (THE 10-11th FORMS): NEW EDUCATIONAL REALITY
Authors: Бычков  , Bychkov Anatoliy
Published: November 2013

On the basis of results related to basic researches executed at the

Institute of the Contents and Methods of Teaching (RAE) in paper from a position of system and activity approach the conceptual provisions of general education schools pupils’ motivation on modern innovative activity by means of innovative projects implementation as an obligatory task in the content of learning according to the new Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary (Full) General Education have been revealed.
EDUCATIONAL PROCESS DESIGN IN A NEW INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Бегаришева  , Begarisheva Gulshara , Кадирова  , Kadirova Bibigul
Published: November 2013

An example related to design of learning process in a new information educational environment (using of opportunities, methods, forms and means of learning which are specifi c for this environment, as well as kinds of students’ learning activity, providing the obtaining of expected results) has been presented in this paper.
The dynamics of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Russia on the issue of the legitimacy of the subject (horizontal) hierarchy of statute law
Authors: Петров Александр , Petrov Aleksandr
Published: November 2013

The article is devoted to approaches of the Constitutional Court of Russia to the application of the concept of the subject (horizontal) hierarchy of laws. The article concludes that the Constitutional Court of Russia has formulated three contradictory positions about the possibility establishing the priority of codified acts above others acts of the legislation.
Civil law reform in Russia: a critical analysis
Authors: Серова Ольга , Serova Olga
Published: November 2013

The article describes the state of civil law at this stage. The concept of development of civil legislation of the Russian Federation has set a clear direction changes. In reality, however, many of the provisions have not been taken into account. The article identifies the main trends of development of the system of legal persons. The author marks positive and negative aspects of the proposed legislative innovations.
Freedom of Expression and Civility in the New Zealand Supreme Court
Authors: Geddis Andrew
Published: November 2013

The use of criminal law sanctions to buttress social norms requiring civility or courtesy in public speech or action is widespread throughout the common law world. However, such sanctions inevitably limit the way in which some individuals or groups of individuals may wish to express their views on political, social or moral issues. This paper explores how the New Zealand Supreme Court has shifted the law in that country from a ‘pro civility’ approach to a more ‘libertarian’ one. It suggests that, in doing so, the court is driven by an unvoiced view of the underlying nature of contemporary New Zealand society and a concern to bring New Zealand's regulation of expression into line with an approach seen to be prevalent in other properly democratic nations.
Birationally rigid Fano complete intersections. II
Authors: Pukhlikov Aleksandr V.
Published: November 2013

We prove that a generic (in the sense of Zariski topology) Fano complete
intersection V of the type

(

d
1

,
⋯
,

d
k

)

$(d_1,\dots ,d_k)$

in

ℙ

M
+
k

${\mathbb {P}}^{M+k}$

, where

d
1

+
⋯
+

d
k

=
M
+
k

$d_1+\dots +d_k=M+k$

, is birationally superrigid
if

M
≥
7

$M\ge 7$

,

M
≥
k
+
3

$M\ge k+3$

and

max
{

d
i

}
≥
4

$\operatorname{max} \lbrace d_i\rbrace \ge 4$

. In
particular, on the variety V there is exactly one structure of a
Mori fibre space (or a rationally connected fibre space), the
groups of birational and biregular self-maps coincide,

Bir
V
=
Aut
V

$\operatorname{Bir} V= \operatorname{Aut} V$

, and the variety V is
non-rational. This fact covers a considerably larger range of
complete intersections than our result of
[J. reine angew. Math 541 (2001), 55–79],
which required the condition

M
≥
2
k
+
1

$M\ge 2k+1$

.
Bounded sets of sheaves on Kähler manifolds
Authors: Toma Matei
Published: November 2013

We show that any set of quotients with fixed Chern classes of a given coherent sheaf on a compact Kähler manifold is bounded in a sense which we define. The result is proved by adapting Grothendieck's boundedness criterion expressed via the Hilbert polynomial to the Kähler set-up. As a consequence we obtain the compactness of the connected components of the Douady space of a compact Kähler manifold.
A comparative study of ultrasound-, microwave-, and microreactor-assisted imidazolium-based ionic liquid synthesis
Authors: Bubalo Marina Cvjetko , Sabotin Izidor , Radoš Ivan , Valentinčič Joško , Bosiljkov Tomislav , Brnčić Mladen , Žnidaršič-Plazl Polona
Published: November 2013

Synthesis of ionic liquid 1-heptyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide was accomplished with the assistance of ultrasound, microwave irradiation, and a continuously operated microreactor and was compared with a conventional laboratory scale process applying magnetic stirring and water-bath heating. Results were compared with respect to process productivity, energy consumption, and product colourisation as an indicator of its purity. By using nonconventional technologies, volumetric productivity was 10- to 30-fold superior, while energy consumption was reduced by 45%–65%. Among the alternatives tested, ultrasound-assisted synthesis was shown as the most efficient one in terms of volumetric productivity (4.40 mol l-1 h-1) and specific power consumption (909.1 W h mol-1), while microwave-assisted process was the least favourable. However, only a microreactor system enabled the synthesis of a noncoloured product resulting from very efficient mixing and temperature control. Due to significant process intensification along with high product quality and superior industrial perspectives, a continuous quaternisation within microchannels could be selected as the most promising green approach among the alternatives tested in this study. Integration of ultrasound and microreactor technology including miniaturised heat exchanger is foreseen for process intensification.
Iso-thermal Section of the Phase Diagram of the System Na2MoO4-MoO3-La2O3 at 1073 K
Authors: Wei G. , Hasegawa M. , Ichinose M. , Miyata S. , Yokozeki N. , Myouchin M. , Iwase M.
Published: November 2013

Phase equilibrium was investigated in the pseudo-ternary system of Na2MoO4-MoO3-La2O3 at 1073 K in air.
A condensed variational model for thermo-mechanically coupled phase transformations in polycrystalline shape memory alloys
Authors: Junker Philipp , Hackl Klaus
Published: November 2013

We derive an energy-based material model for thermomechanically coupled phase transformations in polycrystalline shape memory alloys. For the variational formulation of the model, we use the principle of the minimum of the dissipation potential for nonisothermal processes for which only a minimal number of constitutive assumptions has to be made. By introducing a condensed formulation for the representative orientation distribution function, the resulting material model is numerically highly efficient. For a first analysis, we present the results of material point calculations, where the evolution of temperature as well as its influence on the mechanical material response is investigated.
Accuracy of Triage for Children With Chronic Illness and Infectious Symptoms
Authors: Seiger Nienke , van Veen Mirjam , Steyerberg Ewout W. , van der Lei Johan , Moll Henriëtte A.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:

This prospective observational study aimed to assess the validity of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) for children with chronic illnesses who presented to the emergency department (ED) with infectious symptoms.

METHODS:

Children (<16 years old) presenting to the ED of a university hospital between 2008 and 2011 with dyspnea, diarrhea/vomiting, or fever were included. Chronic illness was classified on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes. The validity of the MTS was assessed by comparing the urgency categories of the MTS with an independent reference standard on the basis of abnormal vital signs, life-threatening working diagnosis, resource utilization, and follow-up. Overtriage, undertriage, and correct triage were calculated for children with and without a chronic illness. The performance was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios, which were calculated by dichotomizing the MTS into high and low urgency.

RESULTS:

Of the 8592 children who presented to the ED with infectious symptoms, 2960 (35%) had a chronic illness. Undertriage occurred in 16% of children with chronic illnesses and in 11% of children without chronic illnesses (P < .001). Sensitivity of the MTS for children with chronic illnesses was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53%–62%) and was 74% (95% CI: 70%–78%) for children without chronic illnesses. There was no difference in specificity between the 2 groups. The diagnostic odds ratios for children with and without chronic illnesses were 4.8 (95% CI: 3.9–5.9) and 8.7 (95% CI: 7.1–11), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

In children presenting with infectious symptoms, the performance of the MTS was lower for children with chronic illnesses than for children without chronic illnesses. Nurses should be particularly aware of undertriage in children with chronic illnesses.