bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fleet Service Scheduling for Transit Movement on an Urban Arterial in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke O.O , Sheriff U.B , Akinola O , Sijuwola O.O , Kolo S.S
Published: June 2020

Public transit schemes operating in unplanned urban centres are characterized by traffic induced congestions with consequent unfriendly, uneconomic and unreliable experiences of the commuters who are mostly captive. This study was carried out on the University of Ilorin transit scheme in order to establish the desired improvement strategies for effective movement of captive commuters on the route who are mostly students. A passenger demand estimate was made alongside the commuters’ transit operational characteristics determination with both observatory and questionnaire approaches. The study showed that there is no schedule movement of vehicles known to the commuters. The load factor of the buses in the fleet is presently 2.2 which is considered crowded. The analysis showed that two and three buses should be added to the morning and afternoon fleets respectively, each of which presently runs three 55-seater buses as immediate necessary measure to improve commuting. Cycle lengths of 65 minutes and 78 minutes are designed for the morning and afternoon operations respectively. A schedule for movement of the buses is designed which should be made available to the commuters to enhance their trip planning. The travel demand forecast shows that by 2027/2028 alternative bigger transit vehicles such as light rails should be introduced along the movement corridor to meet travel demands. Bus Rapid Transit along dedicated lanes can also be considered which will reduce travel time.
Influence of Nanosilica on Workability and Compressive Strength of Wood Ash Cement Concrete
Authors: Raheem A.A , Lateef a , Akinola P.O , Adeniyi A.A , Yusuf S.O
Published: June 2020

Studies have revealed that wood ash cement concrete just like other pozzolanic cement concrete has lower early strength compared to plain cement concrete. Nanoparticles have been found to improve the early strength of concrete due to its small size and large surface area. This paper reports the influence of nanosilica on the workability and compressive strength of wood ash cement concrete. Wood ash was obtained as a waste product from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) bread bakery, Ogbomoso. Biological synthesis of nanosilica using kola Pod extract and silica precursor (1:5) was conducted at Nanotechnology research group laboratory at LAUTECH. The chemical composition, specific gravity and particle size distribution of wood ash, fine and coarse aggregate used were determined. Concrete with 10% wood ash replacement for cement was produced using1:2:4mix proportion and water to binder ratio of 0.5.Nanosilica was added at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% levels. Concrete with no wood ash and nanosilica served as the control. Workability and compressive strength of the plain and composite concrete were determined. The results showed that concrete workability was enhanced with introduction of nanosilica. The compressive strength also increased with addition of nanosilica. Maximum compressive strength of 27.53MP was achieved at 90 days with 1.5% nanosilica addition. It was concluded that nanosilica enhanced workability and improved both early and later strength development in wood ash concrete with 1.5% as the optimum addition.
Performance Study of Fresh and Hardened Properties of Palm kernel Shell –Rice Husk Ash Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Oyejobi O.O , Raji S.A , Jimoh A.A
Published: June 2020

This study produced light-weight aggregate concrete by replacing conventional dense aggregates of granite with palm kernel shells and sand with pozzolanic rice husk ash. Apart from cost reduction in the cubic metre of the concrete, the overall dead load was reduced; natural resources were preserved as wastes were re-used in a beneficiary manner. The levels of replacement were from 10 to 100% for both coarse and fine aggregates for thirteen different mix proportions. A unique mix-proportion based on the material properties of these non-conventional materials was designed with a water-cement ratio of 0.38. This was followed with the study of behaviour of this mixture for its fresh and hardened properties and the result was compared with the conventional aggregates. With the range of 10 to 100% replacement, compressive strength values fell between 14.31 and 26.14 MPa. The Splitting tensile strength was found to be between 14 and 16% of the compressive strength and the oven-dried density decreased with the increase in the quantities of rice husk ash and palm kernel shells respectively with the range between 1414 to 2302 kg/m3. This class of concrete could be adopted for both plain and reinforced concrete with light-weight aggregate.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Some Selected Geotechnical Indices on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lateritic Soil
Authors: Adunoye G.O , Onah O.C , Ajibade F.O
Published: June 2020

This study undertook an experimental study of the comparative effects of Atterberg limits, particles size and compaction parameters on the unconfined compressive strength of selected soils. This was with a view to ascertaining which of the combinations of the soil properties will produce a good prediction of the unconfined compressive strength. To achieve this aim, soil samples were obtained from selected locations within Ife Central Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. The following tests were conducted on the soil samples, following standard procedures: natural moisture content determination, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction and unconfined compressive strength. Using Regression tool, the results obtained from the laboratory tests were used to develop the relationships between each of the index properties and unconfined compressive strength. Results showed that the natural moisture content of soil samples ranges between 18.48 % and 25.03 %; specific gravity ranges between 2.35 and 2.69; liquid limit ranges between 39.95 % and 83.98 %; plastic limit ranges between 29.32 % and 51.18 %; and plasticity index is between 8.74 % and 33.56 %. The maximum dry density ranges between 15.30kN/m3 and 19.30kN/m3 with their optimum moisture contents ranging between 13.80 % and 35.50 % while unconfined compressive strength is between 36.00 kN/m2 and 97.14 kN/m2. The results of regression analysis showed that effective size and coefficient of uniformity have the greatest effect (R2 = 0.82) on unconfined compressive strength of the tested soil samples. Therefore, the study concluded that effective size and coefficient of uniformity could be used to estimate the unconfined compressive strength of the soils.
Construction Activities as Onset for Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Construction Workers: Contractor’s Perspective
Authors: Ajayi O.O
Published: June 2020

The study assesses the impact of construction activities as a contributor for the onset of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in construction workers. There is high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMDs) which are associated with various construction actions. The paper identified nineteen various actions pertaining to unfavourable ergonomic practice as it results in the identified WMDs. A total of 140 copies of questionnaire were administered on randomly selected contractors out of which 83 was retrieved and found valid for this study and this constituted 59.3% of the sample size. The various activities were measured on a five-point Likert scale. Based on the percentage responses on a scale 1(minor) to 5(major) the overall mean scores were calculated. The actions were further subjected to Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with performance (P) at 0.05 level of confidence to measure the significance difference in the rate of occurrence of various activities for the onset of WMDs. It was observed from the analysis that the actions are challenges to the construction industry as it results in WMDs which affects the productivity of workers and promote early retirement of construction workers. The study concluded that there is significant difference in the rate of occurrence of various actions as they result in WMDs. The study therefore recommends the need for awareness and amplifies the value of improving knowledge for ergonomics in construction and promotes the concept of design for construction ergonomics.
Evaluating the Quality of Maize Grains Stored in a Modified Metallic Silo
Authors: Oniya O.O , Fashina A.B , Iyalabani K.A , Amusa S.B
Published: June 2020

Maize is known to be an important crop for food security in developing countries; and farmers have continued to experience post-harvest losses which lead to reduction in the quality or quantity of maize grains. The main causes of post-harvest losses are the storage insect, pests, improper drying and poor storage systems. Poor storage accounts for 5-10% loss and 5% loss is attributed to insect attacks. This research modified a one tonne metallic silo with the aim of studying the effects on moisture content and hectolitre weight of the maize grains. The moisture content was determined using moisture meter while the hectolitre weight was determined using extruded brass material. The study lasted for six months and analyses were carried out on the data collected using Duncan multiple range tests at 95% level of confidence. The moisture content was observed to reduce from 13.5% to 11.4% w.b while hectoliter weight which is the main determinant of the market value of the grain was observed to increase from 276 kg/ml to 288 kg/ml, this implies that there was increase in the cost value of the grain after six month of storage. The results showed that variations in moisture content along storage period were significant at (p ≤ 0.05).
Design, Construction and Testing of a Kerosene Powered Multi Bird-Egg Incubator
Authors: Adetola S.O , Adegbite A.S , Adewale K.A , Ibiwoye O.S
Published: June 2020

The demand for poultry products such as eggs, meat and birds is on the increase daily that the world can no longer depend solely on the natural mode of incubation hence, the need for artificial incubators. But not all countries have stable electricity supply; therefore, there is a need to fabricate other types of incubators that will not be powered by electricity. Hence the choice of kerosene powered incubator. Heat generated by the combustion of kerosene was transferred into the incubator chamber by conduction and circulated by means of a 12 V D.C fan powered by a 12volt battery device. LM35 temperature sensor was used as the temperature sensing device. Both the turning of eggs and heat generated from heat source were controlled by mechanically incorporated driver motors. The LM35 temperature sensor and the two stepper motors were controlled by a PIC16F877 microcontroller. Insulation of the incubator chamber was achieved by lining the inner portion of the incubator with fiber materials. The incubator was designed and constructed using locally available material to reduce cost with little or no dependence on electricity and more user friendly. The incubator was tested with 90 eggs each for the three birds (i.e Chicken, Quail and Turkey). The result obtained shows that quail has the highest hatchability of 93% followed by Chicken with 84.4% and lastly turkey with 70%. The unit cost for the incubator is ₦95,000.00. The above average efficiencies implied that the Incubator performed efficiently and effectively. The birds also look healthy and strong several days after they were hatched.
Optimization of Solvent Extraction of Oil from Watermelon (Citrullus lanata) and its Fatty
Acid Characterization
Authors: Babatunde K.A , Osuolale F.N , Agbede O.O , Olafimihan E.O , Ogunsola A.D
Published: June 2020

Watermelon also known as Citrullus lanata is one of the major underutilized fruits grown in the warmer part of the world. Over the years, with respect to the high rate of production of watermelon along with lack of consciousness of the benefits, its seed has suffered negligence and consequently become waste. Due to the growing awareness of the usage of seed oil; there is need to maximize the use and identify the appropriate sets of parameters necessary for the optimum extraction of the oil. This research looked at the parametric effect of hot continuous extraction process at 60-700Cfor watermelon seed using response surface methodology, Box Behnken design with 3 variables which are time of extraction, solvent volume and size particle of 30-50 mins, 100-200 ml and 4-10 μm respectively. The optimized solution indicates that the time of extraction of 50 mins, 199.99 ml of solvent with 10 μm of size particle give the maximum oil yield of 68% compared to the maximum experimental oil yield of 52.5%. Free fatty acid (FFA) content in the oil was determined using (Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 2000 method which gives 17.35%, (higher than 1.0% standard) indicating the need to reduce the FFA content in the oil before the production of biodiesel to avoid low fatty methyl ester (FAME) production against high soap formation.
Appraisal of Indigenous Materials for Use in the Production of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Ibrahim A.A , Oyejobi D.O , Adedeji A.A
Published: June 2020

It is important to advance the technology of concrete due to incidences of structural failure, terrorist attack and natural disaster which has led to the evolution of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) as a means to develop novel materials to build structures with superb strength, high ductility and repairing structures that have experienced structural failure. Development of agro-industrial waste materials for production of UHPFRC will significantly reduce the energy consumed and the environmental impacts during concrete production. In this study, a literature review of the production, properties and usage of UHPFRC was conducted. Following the review, locally available materials that could be used to replace the important constituent materials of UHPFRC were appraised. It was gathered that UHPFRC is an excellent strengthening material with ultra-high mechanical properties for structural applications. The major components of UHPFRC are cement, silica fume, steel fibre, water, superplasticizer, and sand. Recycled steel fibre and rice husk ash (RHA) are locally available materials and have similar properties to industrial steel fibre and silica fume respectively. These local materials can be incorporated into concrete to further improve the properties of concrete, promote sustainability and discourage importation of silica fume and different types of fibres.
Evaluation of Abattoir Effluent on Ground Water Quality
Authors: Adejumobi M.A , Alonge T.A
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out on analysing the effect of effluent from abattoir at 20m to 50m distance on the quality of adjacent well water in Arowomole, Ogbomosho. The choice of the location was to reflect the variation in concentration of the parameters of water quality issue: these parameters were based on their relative important in abattoir effluents composition by the wash down from the abattoir activities. Water samples were collected at four wells around the abattoir. The water was examined for physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. Water quality parameter tested were: pH, colour, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total Solid (TS), Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH3) and nitrate, heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Pb, Al) among others. Standard procedures were observed for analysis. The ranges of physicochemical parameters studied were as follows: PH (6.3 – 6.7), TS (21.40 – 26.20mg/l), TSS (18.50 –74.60mg/l), Turbidity (0.3 -6.7NTU), BOD (38.0.2-63.7mg/l), and Conductivity (4.60 – 37.42ms/m) and Nitrate (0.063 – 0.59 mg/l), faecal coliform count exceed the WHO recommended value. The chemical composition of the ground water which was 20m to 50m from the slaughter house also found unsatisfactory as raw water source for drinking purpose. There is need to develop and prevent the water from environmental pollution so that the water will never be a risk to the human health.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution using Microwave-Assisted BaCl2 Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Mango Seed Shell
Authors: Ajani A.O , Dada E.O , Olu-arotiowa O.A , Okeowo I.O , Alade A.O , Afolabi T.J
Published: June 2020

The presence of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater is a major concern in the environment due to its low biodegradability and harmful effect on man. The adsorption of MB from aqueous solution onto activated carbon (AC) prepared from mango seed shells sourced locally in Ogbomoso Township was investigated in this study. The AC was prepared from mango seed shell by activating with BaCl2 at impregnation ratio I.R (1:2 w/w), microwave frequency (600 Hz), and time (30 min) before being carbonized at 500 °C for 20 min. Batch adsorption experiment was carried out at 25 °C to study the effect of contact time and initial dye concentration on MB adsorption. The equilibrium kinetics and adsorption mechanism were investigated. The pseudo first order, high correlation coefficients, R, (0.9491 and 0.9907) for initial concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/L, respectively, was very suitable to describe the kinetic characteristics of the MB adsorption on to mango seed shell activated carbon, Weber and Morris intra-particle model with R of 0.9907, is very fit to describe the diffusion mechanism of the adsorption process. The result implied that mango seed shell was suitable as an adsorbent material for adsorption of MB.
Biomass Gasification Potential in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Babatunde K.A , Agbede O.O , Olateju I.I , Bamidele S.D , Osuolale O.M , Osuolale F.N
Published: June 2020

Nigeria is blessed with abundant biomass throughout her six geo-political zones. However, biomass energy is largely used in the rural areas mainly for off grid purposes. The method of such biomass conversion is based on traditional combustion process which is grossly inefficient with attendance environmental implications. This paper addresses the use of gasification technology for the conversion of biomass to high value fuel. It presents biomass gasification as a solution to the menace of inadequate power generation, dependence on fossil fuel, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and inappropriate disposal of wastes. The paper also highlights the need for focus to be shifted to other means of renewable energy in the country rather than hydropower and bioethanol on which the energy policy in the country is concentrated on.
CONTEMPORARY EPIZOOTOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BRUCELLOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors: Kurbonov K. M. , Satorov S. S. , Simonova E. G. , Filatov N. N.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Study epizootological and epidemiological features of brucellosis on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan under the conditions of social-economic transformation with evaluation of width and scale of its spread, as well as reasons of the present situation. Materials and methods. Official statistics data, results of expert evaluations, reports, analytical material of national and international organizations, results of clinical and epidemiological analysis were used. Descriptive-evaluative epidemiologic methods, serologic studies of samples obtained from humans, animals, environmental objects between 2000 and 2013; mapping using GIS-technology, as well as statistical analysis were used. Techniques of calculation of DALY index and population infection risk parameter were used. Results. Features of situation by brucellosis were detected, that lay in its wide spread among humans and agricultural animals, changes in morbidity structure, as well as character of its seasonal and territorial spread, connected with predominant effect of social risk factors. Conclusion. Contemporary situation for brucellosis in the Republic of Tajikistan is characterized by a pronounced non-welfare and determined by acting social-economic conditions. The main factors are changes in the conditions of conducting agricultural activity against the background of high level of unemployment and external work migration.
EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLICATION OF COMBINED THERAPY OF EARLY ERYTHEMA STAGE OF LYME DISEASE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION IMMUNOGENESIS FEATURES
Authors: Sorokina E. V. , Akhmatova N. K. , Skhodova S. A. , Chalaya E. L. , Masyukova S. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Study innate and adaptive immunity in patients with migrating erythema, clinical effectiveness of combined therapy using Immunovac vaccine and dynamics of immunologic parameters as a result of the therapy. Materials and methods. 37 adult patients with migrating erythema were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st gr. (14 individuals) - Immunovac by intranasal-subcutaneous method against the background of basic therapy; 2nd gr. (23 individuals) - 200 mg/day doxycycline therapy for 21 days. Phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils; TLRs expression on mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood (PBML) and skin cells in foci by flow cytometry with mAT against TLR2, 3,4, 5,6, 7, 8,9 using flow cytometer FC-500; subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes; levels of pro-, anti-inflammation and regulatory cytokines in blood sera by EIA method; IgG, IgM, IgA in blood sera were studied in patients before treatment and 1 month after therapy. Results. A high level of TLR2, 4, 7, 8 on skin cells in foci, TLR2, 4 - on blood cells; low content of CD95+ and CD25+, high level of serum IF-lb, IL-2 and IF-4, an increase of general IgE level was detected in patients with migrating erythema. Immunovac facilitated an increase of CD95+ and CD25+, IFN-y synthesis, reduced the level of general IgE in a more pronounced way than basic therapy. Conclusion. Inclusion of Immunovac into therapy of patients with migrating erythema facilitates increase of clinical effectiveness and correlates with correction of immunologic disorders.
CONDITION OF ANTI-MEASLES IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS ON WAITING-LIST FOR LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Polischuk V. B. , Ryzhov A. A. , Kostinov M. P. , Magarshak O. O. , Shmitko A. D. , Vlukachev I. V. , Vasileva G. V. , Blagovidov D. A. , Chuchalin A. G. , Avdeev S. N. , Karchevskaya N. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Determination of intensity of immunity against measles in patients on waiting-list for lung transplantation. Materials and methods. IgG levels against measles virus were studied in blood sera of 80 adult patients (mean age 35.8± 11.4 years) on waiting-list of lung transplantation, without history of this disease. Determination of IgG levels against measles virus was carried out by ELISA using a standard kit from «Vektor-Best» (VectoMeasles-IgG). Results. Protective level of IgG against measles virus (above 0.18 I U/ml) was registered in 83.3% of examined patients. Mean level of anti-measles antibodies was within protective values - 1.53 IU/ml (95% confidence interval 1.17 - 1.89). Medium level of anti-measles antibodies (1 - 5 IU/ml) was registered in most of the analyzed samples (55.2%). A positive correlation between values of antibodies and age of patients (r=0.43) was detected. Dependence between levels of antibodies and previously executed hormonal and cytostatic therapy was not detected. Conclusion. Patients on waiting-list of solid organ transplantation are a group of risk for development of severe course of measles infection, that dictates the necessity of execution of vaccination at short terms before or after registration on the waiting-list.
Intensity and Rate of COVID-19 Infection in Pakistan
Authors: Jaleel Anila
Published: June 2020

Since the WHO has declared the Covid 19 pandemic, number of cases is on rise but not attained peak in Pakistan. Although people are affected by COVID-19 throughout the world but the impact of, the disease is different in various countries, which may be attributed to different factors. Scientifically it is point to ponder that though the official figures are in thousands but there may be many asymptomatic patients in our communities due to closed family living systems in Pakistan. There are more than 12 to 13 people living in single small apartments in Karachi, who are in so close contact with each other and the local transmission cannot be avoided in them. However, the positive thing is that the severity of disease and number of deaths in Pakistan are not as much as in developed countries. There could be a number of reasons, which are needed to be explored by researchers in Pakistan and world over.
Determination of Ankyrin Repeats Domain (ANK) a of RNASE L Gene in Hepatitis C Patients and its effects on Viral Load
Authors: Ali Anum Liaquat
Published: June 2020

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major global causes of death. Different types of gene are involved as Ankyrin repeat domains of RNASE L gene. It performs a significant role in antiviral response, regulated by interferon, and involved in cleavage of RNA. Therefore, aim of this study was to identify Ankyrin repeat domain expression in Hepatitis C positive patients and correlate it with viral load of Hepatitis C.

Methods: In this study, a total of 80 HCV positive patient’s whole blood samples were investigated. RNA was extracted from plasma followed by Real Time PCR for quantization of HCV viral load and genotypic analyses. DNA was also extracted from these samples followed by PCR amplification of Ankyrin repeat domain of RNASE L gene. Data was analyzed using SPSS

Results: All of the patients (n=80) included in study had HCV infection. Mean age of patients was 50.86 ±14.84 years. Among them, 48(63.8%) were males and 32 (36.1%) were females. Majority of patients were males and belonged to age group 58-73 years age. All HCV infected individuals 36 (45%) had HCV genotype 3 and had viral loads mean range 837404.21 ±1302. Therefore, Ankyrin repeats domain of RNASE L gene expression was high in HCV patients sample with viral load of 17.00±15.1.

Conclusion: Ankyrin repeat domain expression was observed in Hepatitis C patients and its significant correlation with viral load of Hepatitis C. Ankyrin repeat domain of RNASE L gene in conjunction with therapeutic intervention are required for establishing better strategies for controlling HCV infection.
Use of Amplatz Sheath in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and effect of its various sizes: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Siddiq Adnan
Published: June 2020

Background: Nephrostomy tract itself is the most common source of hemorrhage during percutaneous nephrolithotomy, which can be avoided by puncturing through the calyx with minimal angulation between calyceal system and the nephroscope shaft. Smaller the sheath diameter, lesser would be the bleeding. Our objective was to compare mean change in hemoglobin (HB) level in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with 24 versus 30 French Amplatz sheath.

Methods: In this study, 142 patients were randomly divided into Group A undergoing procedure with 24 French Amplatz sheath; and Group B with 30 French sheath. At the end of procedure in both groups, nephrostomy tube was kept for 24 hours. On first post-operative day, patients’ HB was checked and compared with pre-operative data, along with blood transfusion rates. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Median age and interquartile range of Group-A and Group-B patients was (40; 18) and (41; 21) years respectively. While stone size of Group-A and Group-B patients reported as (2.0; 0.60) and (2.1; 0.70) cm. The operative time and interquartile ratio of Group-A and Group-B patients was (75; 45) and (85; 45) minutes and we found significant change in HB of Group-A (0.90; 0.80) with Group-B patients (1.90; 0.70) gm/dl respectively [p = 0.000].

Conclusion: It was observed that use of 24 French Amplatz sheath lead to less renal hemorrhage and less hemoglobin drop compared to standard 30 French Amplatz sheath. Thus, small size Amplatz sheath in percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be considered effective and safe option for treatment of renal stones.
Association of Rugae Pattern with Skeletal Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Memon Sarwat
Published: June 2020

Background: The palatal rugae are special constructions that are inalterable in their position and pattern during the lifestyles of an individual. This imparts them an exceptional role in the forensic dentistry and may play potential role in malocclusion identification. This study was aimed to see association of rugae pattern with sagittal skeletal malocclusion in orthodontic patients visiting tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This cross-sectional examination was completed on pretreatment records (lateral Cephalometric radiographs and maxillary dental casts) of 384 subjects at the orthodontic department of Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The study duration was from January to July 2019. The samples were sub-divided into three sagittal skeletal groups based on ANB angle proposed by Steiner’s on lateral Cephalometric radiographs (Class I with ANB angle between 0° to 4°; Class II: ANB angle greater than 5°; Class III: ANB angle less than 0°). The shapes of three most-anterior primary rugae were then evaluated bilaterally using Kapali et al., Classification. Chi Square test was applied to find association of rugae pattern among sagittal skeletal malocclusions groups.

Results: Circular and curved rugae shapes were the most prevalent in all skeletal malocclusions. The primary palatal rugae pattern was seen to be significantly different among three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05). The right and left sided palatal rugae pattern showed significant difference in all three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The present study showed no specific palatal rugae pattern associated with sagittal skeletal malocclusion. Further studies on larger sample and use of modern 3D technologies to scan the maxillary casts are required for results that are more precise.
Granulosa Cell Tumour – A Rare Presentation at Age Twenty
Authors: Anis Munazza
Published: June 2020

Granulosa cell tumor is a rare type of ovarian tumor, which arises from sex cord stroma. Histologically this tumor has two types and is named according to the common age group they affect; adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) and juvenile granulosa cell tumor. AGCT constitutes 2-5% of all ovarian cancers. Mostly present in women of age > 40 years. In this case report, we discussed the role of conservative surgery in young adult reported with granulosa cell tumor. An unmarried teenage girl presented at a private tertiary care hospital with abdominal pain and abdominal distention. Radiological examinations suggested a mass originating from the right ovary for which laparotomy was done and a ruptured cyst was found near the right ovary with a mass adherent to surrounding peritoneal viscera. Right ovarian cystectomy along with omental biopsy and left ovarian biopsy was performed. Rare presentation of this tumor will help clinicians to not categorize the type histologically with the age group.
IL DIRITTO DI VISITA ENTRO I LIMITI DELLA SEMPLICE RAGIONE NOTE A MARGINE DEL COSMOPOLITISMO DI KANT
Authors: CICATELLO Angelo
Published: June 2020

Il diritto di visita di cui parla Kant nel Terzo articolo definitivo per pace perpetua richiede, in forza della sua stessa tessitura teorica, di essere iscritto in un registro più ampio, che non riguarda cioè, solo, gli aspetti specificamente politici e giuridici del progetto cosmopolitico, ma fa riferimento alla questione concernente il senso stesso in cui all’uomo può essere legittimamente riferito il possesso della ragione. Solo per questa via è possibile accedere in modo teoreticamente avveduto al senso precipuo del progetto cosmopolitico kantiano e al tema dell’ospitalità universale. Ed è forse la stessa via per la quale Kant, nel rispondere alle urgenze del suo tempo, può fornire indirettamente anche a noi suggerimenti decisivi per l’elaborazione di proposte concrete sulla questione dell’ospitalità e della convivenza pacifica tra i popoli.
APECTS OF FORECASTING OF VIBROACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CARS OF LOCOMOTIVE DRAFT
Authors: Ovechkina Zhanna , Sachkova Oksana , Sharaban Anatoly
Published: June 2020

The analysis of opportunities of forecasting of vibroacoustic characteristics of cars of locomotive draft is presented in article.
ETNOMATEMATIKA : EKSPLORASI PADA ARTEFAK KERAJAAN SINGOSARI
Authors: Dhiajeng Wulandari  , Budiarto Mega Teguh
Published: June 2020

Pembelajaran yang mengaitkan materi dengan konteks kehidupan siswa dan budayanya akan memudahkan siswa dalam memaknai pembelajaran. Salah satu ilmu yang dapat menghubungkan antara pendidikan dan budaya yaitu etnomatematika. Pendidikan penting dalam proses pewarisan budaya dan budaya penting untuk diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran. Budaya peninggalan Kerajaan Singosari yaitu berupa artefak dan juga aktivitas manusianya. Pengaruh budaya lokal mengadaptasi candi sehingga desain candi di Indonesia bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali dan mendeskripsikan konsep matematika yang diaplikasikan dan dikembangkan pada arsitektur bangunan candi peninggalan Kerajaan Singosari yaitu Candi Singosari, Candi Sumberawan, Candi Kidal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis domain, analisi takson omi, dan analisis komponen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya konsep matematika yang diterapkan pada arsitektur bangunan candi peninggalan Kerajaan Singosari yaitu konsep geometri (balok, limas segiempat terpancung, persegi, lingkaran, segi delapan, segitiga, dan belah ketupat), transformasi (refleksi dan translasi), pola bilangan, serta perhitungan.
A armadilha política: a corrupção como problema de ação de coletiva
Authors: Sánchez Fernando Jiménez , Ghizzo Neto Affonso
Published: June 2020

Por que as políticas anticorrupção fracassam com tanta frequência? A maioria das medidas anticorrupção praticadas nos últimos anos estão inspiradas num entendimento da corrupção como problema de agência que acredita que o principal sempre está interessado em melhorar o controle sobre o seu agente. No entanto, isso não ocorre em entornos sociais em que a percepção da corrupção é alta. O presente artigo propõe uma maneira alternativa de entender a corrupção como dilema da ação coletiva e extrai ensinamentos práticos para o seu combate.
A importância da atuação preventiva do Ministério Público Ombudsman em prol da boa administração, no combate à improbidade administrativa
Authors: Ismail Filho Salomão
Published: June 2020

A atuação preventiva do Ministério Público enquanto mediador e negociador social em prol da cultura da boa administração traz efeitos benéficos no combate à improbidade administrativa no Brasil. Além de norma principiológica, a boa administração constitui um direito fundamental. Contribui para o conceito de boa administração a ideia de Good Governance, extraída do Direito anglo-saxônico. O MP brasileiro, enquanto Ombudsman do povo, há de direcionar suas atividades em prol da concretização do direito fundamental à boa administração, mediante uma atuação preventiva, pedagógica e não apenas repressiva.
Providing police with an urgent restraining order as a special measure to combat domestic violence in administrative offenses
Authors: Guseva Кaterina , Gorbach-Kudrya Ivanna
Published: June 2020

The article presents a model of complementation of functions of authorized units of the National Police and distinguishes their actions in the general mechanism of preventive activity in preventing and combating domestic violence.

Urgent injunction against the abuser is a special measure to counter domestic violence, used by authorized units of the National Police of Ukraine as a response to the fact of domestic violence and aimed at the immediate cessation of domestic violence, eliminating the danger to life and health of victims and preventing injuries and preventing injuries. committing such violence. The conditions for its removal are the existence of a direct threat to the life or health of the victim. The current procedure for issuing an urgent restraining order by police involves the use of a special measure to counter domestic violence against the offender in the situation of committing physical domestic violence as a criminal offense, not an administrative offense.

The Code of Administrative Offenses does not provide for measures to ensure administrative offenses against offenders in order to end domestic violence. At the same time, the Code of Criminal Procedure contains a provision allowing restrictive measures to be applied to a person suspected of committing domestic violence as a criminal offense.

The lack of adequate regulatory support in the Code of Administrative Offenses concerning the issuance of an urgent restraining order as a special measure limits the preventive activity of units of the National Police of Ukraine in countering domestic violence as an administrative offense. The authors of the article propose to supplement Chapter 20 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, as well as to streamline the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of 01.08.2018 №654 and the interagency order of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of 13.03.2019 № 369/180. The proposed changes do not contravene the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police", which allows a police officer to require a person (persons) to leave a certain place for a certain period or to prohibit or restrict persons from access to a designated territory or objects, if necessary for the protection of life and health. people.
Human rights begin with the rights of the child
Authors: Linnik Natalia
Published: June 2020

The state, with the help of legal norms and the use of power levers regulates social relations, establishes and maintains the necessary order in the country, but also obeys the society itself is called to serve it. The relationship between society and the state, its quality and level is determined in particular by the effectiveness of the policy in the field of children's rights protection.

At the same time, the role of the institution of the ombudsman (or the commissioner) in the affairs of children is undoubtedly extremely important. Children as one of the most socially vulnerable groups of the population need full protection of their rights.

The introduction of the Ombudsman's Office in Ukraine is a serious step in improving the protection of children's rights. At the same time the transformational processes that take place in the Ukrainian society today predetermine the need for further research on the content and mechanisms of implementation of state policy in the field of children's rights protection. To do this, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the domestic and foreign experience of the functioning of the institution of the ombudsman for the rights of the child, which is the purpose of this article.

Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the national and foreign experience of functioning of the Ombudsman Institute for the Rights of the Child. The article discusses the prerequisites and features of the establishment of the Ombudsman for Child Rights in Ukraine and the problems of its modern functioning. The models of construction of the Ombudsman Institute in foreign countries are analyzed: Germany, Finland, Canada, New Zealand, Austria, Sweden and Australia. The article also emphasizes the need to improve the system of jurisdictional protection of the rights of the child and the adoption of the Law on the Commissioner for the Rights of the Child in Ukraine.
Penerapan Point Of Sales dalam Peningkatan Customer Satisfaction Pada Bisnis Ritel Modern
Authors: Prasetiyo Budi
Published: June 2020

Saat ini sistem informasi manajemen berkembang pesat, hal ini masuk juga pada bidang bisnis ritel khususnya minimarket modern.  POS (Point Of Sales) merupakan salah satu bagian dari sistem informasi manajemen yang sangat lazim digunakan dalam minimarket modernpada operasional sehari-hari khususnya pada saat proses transaksi penjualan.  Namun, pada saat pengoperasiannya ada kalanya terjadi hal yang tidak diharapkan seperti error.  Pada laporan ini dibahas mengenai pelaksanaan, kendala, serta solusi atas POS yang digunakan di minimarket modern.
Peran Keputusan Pembelian Dalam Memediasi Persepsi Risiko Terhadap Niat Beli Online Pada Online Shop SHOPEE
Authors: Amboningtyas Dheasey
Published: June 2020

Di era ini, transaksi online dianggap menjadi lebih praktis dan dapat mengefisienkan waktu namun, bertransaksi online tidak terlepas dari ketidakpastian keputusan pembeliaan yang dirasakan konsumen dan dianggap sebagai persepsi risiko yang akan dapat mempengaruhi kepercayaan serta niat beli konsumen untuk bertransaksi online. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran keputusan pembeliaan dalam memediasi persepsi risiko terhadap niat beli online

pada online shop Shopee untuk konsumen di Kota Semarang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 orang warga Kota Semarang yang sudah ditentukan kriterianya. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Purposive Sampling dan Sample Fraction. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi risiko berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap keputusan pembeliaan. Persepsi risiko juga mempunyai pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap niat beli online pada online shop Shopee. Keputusan pembeliaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat beli online pada online shop Shopee dan keputusan pembeliaan secara signifikan mampu memediasi hubungan antara persepsi risiko terhadap niat beli online pada online shop Shopee. Saran untuk online shop Shopee perlu untuk meminimalisir risiko yang terjadi saat berbelanja online serta diharapkan Shopee harus dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kepercayan konsumen dalam bertransaksi online
Dampak Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran dan Komitmen Organisasi dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Aparat Pemerintah Daerah Kota Pematangsiantar
Authors: Sembiring Lenny Dermawan , Sudirman Acai , Silitonga Hery Pandapotan
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was (1) to test and analyze the influence of the clarity of the budget targets on the performance of local government. (2) to test and analyze the influence of organizational commitment on the performance of local government. (3) to test and analyze the influence clarity of the budget targets and organizational commitment on the performance of local government. Data were obtained from local government Kota Pematangsiantar. The sample used in this study were 46 local government Kota Pematangsiantar, with respondents of 46 head of department in local government Kota Pematangsiantar. The data were gathered using questionnaires and methods used in this research were multiple linear regression analyses. The results showed that (1) clarity of the budget targets has an influence on the performance of local government Kota Pematangsiantar. (2) organization commitment has an influence on the performance of local government Kota Pematangsiantar. (3) clarity of the budget targets and organizational commitment has an influence on performance local government Kota Pematangsiantar.
A Study on Community Involvement in the Development of Secondary Schools
Authors: Dr. Munir Khan  , Dr. Iqbal Amin Khan  , Dr. Muhammad Nisar
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to examine community involvement in secondary level school development Malakand District. The aims of the researcher were to explore the involvement of the community, participation, adjustments and interest in school development activities. The population of this study was all the heads and teachers of the Malakand District Government Secondary schools. Through random sampling , the researcher selected 20 principalals and 60 teachers both male and female. The quantitative method of study was introduced and data collected through a questionnaire consisting of twenty-three questions. It was found in this study that the community members were involved in the development of the school. The members of the community attend school meeting with staff and check the achievement and progress of their children at school. The schools encouraged community participation and were sharing their students' progress report with parents. The community members raised no funds for schools, so the researcher suggests that community members support these efforts to encourage school growth, and community members should have a clear time to address the issue with staff.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF SPIDER SPECIES COMPOSITION IN VOLGOGRAD AGGLOMERATION
Authors: Hnykin A. S. , Ivantsova E. A.
Published: June 2020

The article addresses changes in the species composition of spiders during the warm season. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the spider community were analyzed during the most important periods of their activity in the main biotopes of the Volgograd agglomeration. The Cluster Analysis application, based on the Jaccard index, was used. The material was collected using 10 mm Barber soil traps with a fixing liquid (6% acetic acid solution). In total, 235 species of spiders belonging to 26 families were identified, including 195 species belonging to 23 families on the territory of Volgograd. Notably, 155 species were new to the fauna of the Volgograd region. Species Trichoncus villius Tanasevitch et Piterkina was found in the Russian Federation for the first time. The species composition was analyzed during critical periods of spider life: the end of winter diapause, the time before the summer diapause, the termination of summer diapause, and the period of before winter the diapause. In each case a set of traps were exposed for seven days. The spring period was characterized by the maximum number of species, and the maximum similarity in species composition was observed between the moment when spiders leave the winter diapause and the period before the summer diapause. During the warm season, the species composition changed almost completely twice: before the end of the summer diapause and at the end of the warm season, approaching the spring values. These changes were significantly less relevant to near-water biotopes, where environmental conditions were more stable compared to the other studied biotopes.
ECTOPARASITES OF A STEPPE LEMMING LAGURUS LAGURUS PALLAS, 1773 IN THE SOUTH TRANS-URAL REGION (KURGAN OBLAST) IN CONNECTION WITH THE NATURAL FOCI OF TULAREMIA
Authors: Starikov V. P.
Published: June 2020

Steppe lemming of the South Trans-Ural region is a rare species of open spaces. To the north, its distribution is limited to the subzone of herb-bunchgrass steppes and the southern strip of the forest-steppe subzone. The presented work summarizes the material, which gives the full species composition of the parasitic arthropods of this rodent, and gives quantitative characteristics of ectoparasites. In total 155 individuals and one nest of steppe lemming were examined for ectoparasites. There are 808 parasitic arthropods of 20 species, including 14 species of gamasid mites, 2 species of ixodid ticks and 4 species (subspecies) of fleas. According to the number of individuals of ectoparasites feeding on the steppe lemming, the dominance of gamasid mites is strongly pronounced, both prevailing multi-host species and specific, typical for other rodents (gray and red-backed voles, northern mole vole, Eurasian water vole, northern birch mouse). The contribution of ixodid ticks and fleas to the parasitofauna of the steppe lemming is small. Steppe lemming can be involved in circulation of a causative agent of tularemia in the South Trans-Ural region, but as an additional carrier in maintenance of a foci in biotopes, where it contacts the habitats of the Eurasian water vole.