bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposited Ni-Cu Coatings with Hierarchical Surface Morphology
Authors: Staroń S. , Ledwig P. , Dubiel B.
Published: March 2022

In recent years, Ni-Cu alloy coatings obtained by electrolytic deposition have received increasing interest, because of their good anti-corrosive, mechanical, magnetic, electrical, and decorative properties. Further applications of these coatings for electrode materials and catalysts may be possible by developing hierarchical surface morphology, and thus a combination of high surface roughness, high microhardness, and good corrosion resistance. In the present work, four types of Ni-Cu alloy coatings were deposited in a single-step process from electrolytic baths with Cu2+:Ni2+concentrations equal to 1:30, 1:20, 1:15, and 1:10 using deposition current densities of 2 A/dm2and 4 A/dm2. The surface morphology of the coatings was characterized using a scanning electron microscope and an optical profilometer. The coatings exhibited a nodular morphology, which with the change of the Cu2+:Ni2ratio and the current parameters changed from smooth and compact to rougher with regularly spaced nodular microprotrusions. Thus, a hierarchical surface morphology was obtained. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that the fine-grained microstructure of the coatings consisted of theγsolid solution, as well as the metastable intermetallic L10NiCu phase. The differences in the Cu concentration at the cross-sections demonstrated by quantitative microanalysis of the chemical composition indicated a dendritic growth of the coatings and a preferential reduction of copper ions over nickel ions. The coatings were also characterized by a microhardness greater than 3.71 GPa and good electrochemical corrosion resistance in chloride media. Coatings with hierarchical morphology and high surface roughness showed a higher corrosion current. The study provides a new method for electrodeposition hierarchical Ni-Cu coatings under specific chemical compositions of the electrolytic bath and current conditions, characterized by a combination of promising properties for electrode and catalytic applications.

Graphical Abstract
Joining by forming technologies: current solutions and future trends
Authors: Buffa G. , Fratini L. , La Commare U. , Römisch D. , Wiesenmayer S. , Wituschek S. , Merklein M.
Published: March 2022

The progressively more demanding needs of emissions and costs reduction in the transportation industry are pushing engineers towards the use of increasingly lightweight structures. This goal can be achieved only if dissimilar and/or new materials, including polymers and composites, are joined together to create complex structures. Conventional fusion welding processes have often been proven inadequate to this task because of the high heat input reducing the joint mechanical properties or even making the joining process impossible. Joining by forming technologies take advantage on the plastic deformation to create sound joints out of even very dissimilar materials. Over the last 25 years, several new processes, with increasing potential in effectively joining virtually every structural material, have been invented and developed. In the paper, a comprehensive overview of the most utilized joining by forming processes is given. For each process, an analysis of the current research trends and hot topics is provided, highlighting strengths and weaknesses for industrial applications.
Effectiveness of two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines (viral vector and inactivated viral vaccine) against severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a cohort of healthcare workers
Authors: Marra Alexandre R. , Miraglia João Luiz , Malheiros Daniel Tavares , Guozhang Yang , Teich Vanessa Damazio , da Silva Victor Elivane , Pinho João Renato Rebello , Cypriano Adriana , Vieira Laura Wanderly , Polonio Miria , Ornelas Rafael Herrera , de Oliveira Solange Miranda , Borges Junior Flavio Araujo , Shibata Audrey Rie Ogawa , Schettino Guilherme de Paula Pinto , de Oliveira Ketti Gleyzer , Ferraz Santana Rúbia Anita , de Mello Malta Fernanda , Amgarten Deyvid , Boechat Ana Laura , Trecenti Noelly Maria Zimpel , Kobayashi Takaaki , Salinas Jorge L. , Edmond Michael B. , Rizzo Luiz Vicente
Published: March 2022

Objective:

We investigated real-world vaccine effectiveness for Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) and CoronaVac against laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study among HCWs (aged ≥18 years) working in a private healthcare system in Brazil between January 1, 2021 and August 3, 2021, to assess vaccine effectiveness. We calculated vaccine effectiveness as 1 − rate ratio (RR), with RR determined by adjusting Poisson models with the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as the outcome and the vaccination status as the main variable. We used the logarithmic link function and simple models adjusting for sex, age, and job types.

Results:

In total, 13,813 HCWs met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Among them, 6,385 (46.2%) received the CoronaVac vaccine, 5,916 (42.8%) received the ChAdOx1 vaccine, and 1,512 (11.0%) were not vaccinated. Overall, COVID-19 occurred in 6% of unvaccinated HCWs, 3% of HCWs who received 2 doses of CoronaVac vaccine, and 0.7% of HCWs who received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine (P < .001). In the adjusted analyses, the estimated vaccine effectiveness rates were 51.3% for CoronaVac, and 88.1% for ChAdOx1 vaccine. Both vaccines reduced the number of hospitalizations, the length of hospital stay, and the need for mechanical ventilation. In addition, 19 SARS-CoV-2 samples from 19 HCWs were screened for mutations of interest. Of 19 samples, 18 were the γ (gamma) variant.

Conclusions:

Although both COVID-19 vaccines (viral vector and inactivated virus) can significantly prevent COVID-19 among HCWs, CoronaVac was much less effective. The COVID-19 vaccines were also effective against the dominant γ variant.
Does the family care best? Ideals of care in a familialistic care regime
Authors: KADI SELMA , RODRIGUES RICARDO , KAHLERT RAHEL , HOFMANN SILVIA , BAUER GUDRUN
Published: March 2022

Informal caregiving for older family members is increasingly recognized and encouraged by public policies. This is even more the case in familialistic countries such as Austria. This article aims to examine the role of the family in the care culture of a familialistic care regime through the experiences of care dyads combining upwards intergenerational family care and formal care services. The analysis is based on framework analysis of 48 face-to-face interviews, almost all conducted separately, with 24 care dyads of older care users (average age 86 years old with moderate to high care needs) and their main informal carers in Austria combining formal and informal care. A quarter of caregivers and care receivers were male. We identified four different ideals (family care, preferences, involvement, gendered care) which were distributed across different groups of Socio-Economic Status (SES) and described by women and men.
Building the Future from the Present: Imagining Post-Growth, Post-Productivist Ecosocial Policy
Authors: DUKELOW FIONA , MURPHY MARY P.
Published: March 2022

The environment remains on the margins of social policy. Bringing degrowth literature into conversation with social policy debates about decommodification, we argue that a re-imagined decommodification remains central to addressing the social-ecological challenges we face and to forging a post-growth, post-productivist ecosocial welfare state. We explore the implications of this for re-imagining and mapping three core areas of an ecosocial welfare state revolving around the work/welfare/care nexus: the redistribution of time across work and care; repurposing of active labour market measures; and reorienting cash transfers and services. In each case we discuss what decommodified social policy in the service of a post-growth, post-productivist future might entail. Acknowledging challenges, we identify how instances of prefiguration of policy programmes and experiments across various countries offer concrete compass points for further transformation and a necessary paradigmatic shift.
Practicalities of a spiral-inspired approach
Authors: Leveridge James
Published: March 2022

Swanwick and Tillman set out three levels at which their “Sequence of Musical Development” may implicate music teaching: general curriculum planning, individual development, and the role of theteacher. From the perspective of a practitioner working as a secondary music teacher in England, this article critiques the practicalities of adopting an approach inspired by Swanwick and Tillman’s theory. Although recognising the challenges that music teachers face in the current context for music education, this article argues that educators should carefully consider how musical learning is structured, both in curriculum planning and approach.
Reflections on New Zealand music education through the lens of Swanwick and Tillman’s model of musical development
Authors: Thorpe Vicki , McPhail Graham
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we provide a reflection upon the influence of the Swanwick–Tillman (ST) model (1986) from the perspectives of music research in Aotearoa New Zealand. In this paper we take stock of where music education in New Zealand currently sits in relation to the Swanwick Tillman theory of musical development. We examine the strengths and the weakness of the model 35 years on to ask what it might still offer music educators in a context where issues of culture and colonisation have taken centre stage. We also reflect upon the impact of a visit to New Zealand by Keith Swanwick in 1989. Despite the postmodern or colonial critiques we might make now, we consider if the model may still signify a holistic way of conceiving music development and might still have implications for curriculum design and curriculum making in the 21stcentury.
Predicting the potential suitable habitats of forest spices Piper capense and Aframomum corrorima under climate change in Ethiopia
Authors: Enkossa Tibebu , Nemomissa Sileshi , Lemessa Debissa
Published: March 2022

Continuing climate change may cause shifts in the adaptive ranges of plant species. But this impact is less understood for many species in the tropics. Here, we examined the distribution of the current and future potential suitable habitats of two native forest spices Piper capense and Aframomum corrorima. We have used MaxEnt software to predict the current and future suitable habitats of these species. Two future climate change scenarios, that is, middle (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP 4.5]) and extreme (RCP 8.5) scenarios for years 2050 and 2070, were used. A total of 60 and 74 occurrence data of P. capense and A. corrorima, respectively, and 22 environmental variables were included. The effects of elevation, solar radiation index (SRI) and topographic position index (TPI) on suitable habitats of these species were tested using linear model in R. Precipitation of the driest quarter, SRI and TPI significantly affect future suitable habitats of P. capense and A. corrorima. Furthermore, there are significant elevational shifts of suitable habitats for both species under future scenarios (P < 0.001). These novel suitable habitats are located in moist Afromontane and Combretum-Terminalia vegetations. Our results suggest that conservation planning for these species should consider climate change factors including assisted migration.
Characteristics and long-term outcome for congenital left main coronary artery atresia
Authors: Tsuda Etsuko , Yagihara Toshikatsu , Tsukano Shinya , Ichikawa Hajime , Kitamura Soichiro
Published: March 2022

The prevalence of congenital left main coronary artery atresia is very low. We report the characteristics and long-term outcomes of four children with left main coronary artery atresia. Three patients had heart murmurs due to mitral regurgitation at less than 1 year old. Their myocardial ischaemia worsened on exercise with aging. In the fourth patient, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Noonan syndrome were suspected at 1 year old. The development of communicating arteries between the conus branch and the left anterior descending artery was detected at 7 years old. The left main coronary artery atresia was confirmed by a selective coronary angiogram at 15 years old. Congenital left main coronary artery atresia could not be diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography; however, the left coronary arteries were small. Two patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting of the left anterior descending artery using the left internal thoracic artery at 3 years and 6 years old, respectively. Two patients had an angioplasty with a cut back at the orifice of the left coronary artery at 2 years old and 17 years old, respectively. Two patients had no cardiac events without medication for more than 30 years after the operation. We must differentiate the diagnosis of left main coronary artery atresia in the small left coronary arteries with mitral regurgitation during the first year. Coronary artery revascularisation and mitral annuloplasty are needed. The long-term outcome of both coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty were good. The degree of mitral regurgitation after surgery may affect the prognosis.
Softness in the Law of International Watercourses: The (E)merging Normativities of China's Lancang-Mekong Cooperation
Authors: Devlaeminck David J.
Published: March 2022

The law of international watercourses consists mainly of a series of bilateral, multilateral, regional, and global agreements that establish binding rules through which state parties jointly manage transboundary water resources. China similarly manages its shared freshwaters through a series of bilateral agreements. Increasingly, however, it relies on non-binding soft law instruments to manage these resources with its riparian neighbours. An important example of this is the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation, a branch of the Belt and Road Initiative. Its use of soft instruments, which recognize international law and promote projects, displays evidence of merging and emerging normativities, ensuring that it is capable of playing both a supporting and a developmental role in the law of international watercourses.
Active VLF Transmission Experiments Between the DSX and VPM Spacecraft
Authors: Reid Riley A. , Marshall Robert A. , Starks Michael J. , Usanova Maria E. , Wilson Gordon R. , Johnston W. Robert , Sanchez Jenny C. , Su Yi‐Jiun , Ginet Gregory P. , Song Paul , Galkin Ivan A.
Published: March 2022

This study presents results from magnetic field line conjunctions between the medium‐Earth orbiting Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) satellite and the low‐Earth orbiting (LEO) very low frequencies (VLF) Propagation Mapper (VPM) satellite. DSX transmitted at VLF toward VPM, which was equipped with a single‐axis dipole electric field antenna, when the two spacecraft passed near the same magnetic field line. VPM did not observe DSX signals in any of the 27 attempted conjunction experiments; the goal of this study, therefore, is to explain why DSX signals were not received. Explanations include (a) the predicted power at LEO from DSX transmissions was too low for VPM to observe; (b) VPM's trajectory missed the “spot” of highest intensity due to the focused ray paths reaching LEO; or (c) rays mirrored before reaching VPM. Different combinations of these explanations are found. We present ray‐tracing analysis for each conjunction event to predict the distribution of power and wave normal angles in the vicinity of VPM at LEO altitudes. We find that, for low‐frequency (below 4 kHz) transmissions, nearly all rays mirror before reaching LEO, resulting in low amplitudes at LEO. For mid‐ and high‐frequency transmissions (∼8 and 28 kHz respectively), the power at LEO is above the noise threshold of the VPM receiver (between 0.5 μV/m and 1 μV/m). We conclude that the antenna efficiency and plasmasphere model are critical in determining the predicted power at LEO, and are also the two most significant sources of uncertainty that could explain the apparent discrepancy between predicted amplitudes and VPM observations.
Real‐Time 3‐D Modeling of the Ground Electric Field Due To Space Weather Events. A Concept and Its Validation
Authors: Kruglyakov Mikhail , Kuvshinov Alexey , Marshalko Elena
Published: March 2022

We present a methodology that allows researchers to simulate in real time the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ground electric field (GEF) in a given 3‐D conductivity model of the Earth based on continuously augmented data on the spatiotemporal evolution of the inducing source. The formalism relies on the factorization of the source by spatial modes (SM) and time series of respective expansion coefficients and exploits precomputed GEF kernels generated by corresponding SM. To validate the formalism, we invoke a high‐resolution 3‐D conductivity model of Fennoscandia and consider a realistic source built using the Spherical Elementary Current Systems (SECS) method as applied to magnetic field data from the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effect network of observations. The factorization of the SECS‐recovered source is then performed using the principal component analysis. Eventually, we show that the GEF computation at a given time instant on a 512 × 512 grid requires less than 0.025 s provided that GEF kernels due to pre‐selected SM are computed in advance. Taking the 7–8 September 2017 geomagnetic storm as a space weather event, we show that real‐time high‐resolution 3‐D modeling of the GEF is feasible. This opens a practical opportunity for GEF (and eventually geomagnetically induced currents) nowcasting and forecasting.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Overexpressed transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in lung adenocarcinoma harbours a new opportunity for therapeutic targeting
Authors: Nie Yichu , Feng Fenglan , Luo Wei , Sanders Andrew J. , Zhang Yidi , Liang Jiaming , Chen Cheng , Feng Weineng , Gu Weiquan , Liao Weiping , Wang Wei , Chen Jinfeng , Zhang Lijian , Jiang Wen G. , Li Jin
Published: March 2022

The specific biological function of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. In this study, TRPV1 expression in tumor tissues, primary cells and cell lines of LUAD, as well as the mechanism mediating its hyperexpression were systematically studied. Multiple models and techniques were adopted to elucidate the relationship between TRPV1 hyperexpression and tumor recurrence and metastasis. Results showed that TRPV1 expression was increased in tumor tissues and primary tumor cells of LUAD patients. The increased expression was associated with worse overall survival outcome and raised HIF1α levels. TRPV1 expression in A549 and NCI-H292 cells was increased after pretreatment with cigarette smoke extract or spermine NONOate. Moreover, A549 cells with TRPV1 overexpression has enhanced tumor growth rates in subcutaneous grafted tumor models, and increased intrapulmonary metastasis after tail vein infusion in nude BALB/c nude mice. Mechanistically, TRPV1 overexpression in A549 cells promoted HIF1α expression and nuclear translocation by promoting CREB phosphorylation and activation of NOS1-NO pathway, ultimately leading to accelerated cell proliferation and stronger invasiveness. In addition, based on photothermal effects, CuS-TRPV1 mAb effectively targeted and induced apoptosis of TRPV1-A549 cells both in vivo and in vitro, thereby mitigating tumor growth and metastasis induced by xenotransplantation of TRPV1-A549 cells. In conclusion, TRPV1 hyperexpression in LUAD is a risk factor for tumor progression and is involved in proliferation and migration of tumor cells through activation of HIF1α. Our study also attempted a new strategy inhibiting the recurrence and metastasis of LUAD: by CuS-TRPV1 mAb precisely kill TRPV1 hyperexpression cells through photothermal effects.
Association among prognostic nutritional index, post-operative infection and prognosis of stage II/III gastric cancer patients following radical gastrectomy
Authors: Xiao Yanping , Wei Gang , Ma Min , Liu Dian , Chen Pan , Quan Hu , Luo Jia , Xiao Hua
Published: March 2022

Background/objective

To investigate the influence of pre-operative immunological and nutritional status, assessed by the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score, on post-operative infection, and the potential additive effects of low PNI and infection on prognosis after radical resection of stage II/III gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

The medical records of 2352 consecutive stage II/III GC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The independent predictors for infections were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. Cox regression analysis was used to assess any associations between PNI, infection and OS.

Results

A total of 160 (6.8%) cases developed infections and low PNI (< 43.9) was confirmed as an independent predictor. Both PNI < 43.9 and infections independently predicted poor OS (hazard ratio: 1.163, 95% confidence interval: 1.007–1.343; HR: 1.347, 95%CI: 1.067–1.700), and an additive effect was confirmed as patients with both low PNI and infection had worst OS. Further stratified analyses showed that complete peri-operative adjuvant chemotherapy (PAC, ≥ 6 cycles) could significantly improve OS in patients with low PNI and/or infection, which was comparable to those with PNI ≥ 43.9 and/or infection (P = 0.160).

Conclusions

Infection was the most common complication after gastrectomy and PNI < 43.9 was identified as an independent predictor. Low PNI was associated with poorer OS in stage II/III GC, independent of infections, and low PNI and infections had a synergistic effect that was associated with worst OS. However, complete PAC could significantly improve OS in these patients. Thus, strategies to decrease infection and complete PAC should be further investigated.
Genetic instability from a single S phase after whole-genome duplication
Authors: Gemble Simon , Wardenaar René , Keuper Kristina , Srivastava Nishit , Nano Maddalena , Macé Anne-Sophie , Tijhuis Andréa E. , Bernhard Sara Vanessa , Spierings Diana C. J. , Simon Anthony , Goundiam Oumou , Hochegger Helfrid , Piel Matthieu , Foijer Floris , Storchová Zuzana , Basto Renata
Published: March 2022

Diploid and stable karyotypes are associated with health and fitness in animals. By contrast, whole-genome duplications—doublings of the entire complement of chromosomes—are linked to genetic instability and frequently found in human cancers1–3. It has been established that whole-genome duplications fuel chromosome instability through abnormal mitosis4–8; however, the immediate consequences of tetraploidy in the first interphase are not known. This is a key question because single whole-genome duplication events such as cytokinesis failure can promote tumorigenesis9and DNA double-strand breaks10. Here we find that human cells undergo high rates of DNA damage during DNA replication in the first S phase following induction of tetraploidy. Using DNA combing and single-cell sequencing, we show that DNA replication dynamics is perturbed, generating under- and over-replicated regions. Mechanistically, we find that these defects result from a shortage of proteins during the G1/S transition, which impairs the fidelity of DNA replication. This work shows that within a single interphase, unscheduled tetraploid cells can acquire highly abnormal karyotypes. These findings provide an explanation for the genetic instability landscape that favours tumorigenesis after tetraploidization.
Comparison of MRI T1, T2, and T2* mapping with histology for assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration in an ovine model
Authors: Bouhsina Nora , Decante Cyrille , Hardel Jean-Baptiste , Rouleau Dominique , Abadie Jérôme , Hamel Antoine , Le Visage Catherine , Lesoeur Julie , Guicheux Jérôme , Clouet Johann , Fusellier Marion
Published: March 2022

An easy, reliable, and time-efficient standardized approach for assessing lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration with relaxation times measurements in pre-clinical and clinical studies is lacking. This prospective study aims to determine the most appropriate method for lumbar IVD degeneration (IDD) assessment in sheep by comparing three quantitative MRI sequences (variable-flip-angle T1 mapping, and multi-echo T2 and T2* mapping), correlating them with Pfirrmann grading and histology. Strong intra- and interrater agreements were found for Nucleus pulposus (NP) regions-of-interest (ROI). T1, T2, and T2* mapping correlated with Pfirrmann grading and histological scoring (p < 0.05) except for the most ventral rectangular ROI on T2 maps. Correlations were excellent for all of the T1 ROIs and the T2* NP ROIs. Highly significant differences in T1 values were found between all Pfirrmann grades except between grades I/II and between grades III/IV. Significant differences were identified in the T2 and the T2* values between all grades except between grades I/III. T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times measurements of the NP are an accurate and time-efficient tool to assess lumbar IDD in sheep. Variable-flip-angle T1 mapping may be further considered as a valuable method to investigate IDD and to assess the efficacy of regenerative treatments in longitudinal studies.
Doxycycline prevents blood–brain barrier dysfunction and microvascular hyperpermeability after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Robinson Bobby D. , Isbell Claire L. , Melge Anu R. , Lomas Angela M. , Shaji Chinchusha Anasooya , Mohan C. Gopi , Huang Jason H. , Tharakan Binu
Published: March 2022

The main objective of this study was to determine the cellular and molecular effects of doxycycline on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and protection against secondary injuries following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Microvascular hyperpermeability and cerebral edema resulting from BBB dysfunction after TBI leads to elevation of intracranial pressure, secondary brain ischemia, herniation, and brain death. There are currently no effective therapies to modulate the underlying pathophysiology responsible for TBI-induced BBB dysfunction and hyperpermeability. The loss of BBB integrity by the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is critical to TBI-induced BBB hyperpermeability, and doxycycline possesses anti-MMP-9 effect. In this study, the effect of doxycycline on BBB hyperpermeability was studied utilizing molecular modeling (using Glide) in silico, cell culture-based models in vitro, and a mouse model of TBI in vivo. Brain microvascular endothelial cell assays of tight junction protein immunofluorescence and barrier permeability were performed. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham versus TBI with or without doxycycline treatment and immediate intravital microscopic analysis for evaluating BBB integrity. Postmortem mouse brain tissue was collected to measure MMP-9 enzyme activity. It was found that doxycycline binding to the MMP-9 active sites have binding affinity of −7.07 kcal/mol. Doxycycline treated cell monolayers were protected from microvascular hyperpermeability and retained tight junction integrity (p < 0.05). Doxycycline treatment decreased BBB hyperpermeability following TBI in mice by 25% (p < 0.05). MMP-9 enzyme activity in brain tissue decreased with doxycycline treatment following TBI (p < 0.05). Doxycycline preserves BBB tight junction integrity following TBI via inhibiting MMP-9 activity. When established in human subjects, doxycycline, may provide readily accessible medical treatment after TBI to attenuate secondary injury.
StackZDPD: a novel encoding scheme for mass spectrometry data optimized for speed and compression ratio
Authors: Wang Jinyin , Lu Miaoshan , Wang Ruimin , An Shaowei , Xie Cong , Yu Changbin
Published: March 2022

As the pervasive, standardized format for interchange and deposition of raw mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics and metabolomics data, text-based mzML is inefficiently utilized on various analysis platforms due to its sheer volume of samples and limited read/write speed. Most research on compression algorithms rarely provides flexible random file reading scheme. Database-developed solution guarantees the efficiency of random file reading, but nevertheless the efforts in compression and third-party software support are insufficient. Under the premise of ensuring the efficiency of decompression, we propose an encoding scheme “Stack-ZDPD” that is optimized for storage of raw MS data, designed for the format “Aird”, a computation-oriented format with fast accessing and decoding time, where the core compression algorithm is “ZDPD”. Stack-ZDPD reduces the volume of data stored in mzML format by around 80% or more, depending on the data acquisition pattern, and the compression ratio is approximately 30% compared to ZDPD for data generated using Time of Flight technology. Our approach is available on AirdPro, for file conversion and the Java-API Aird-SDK, for data parsing.
Predicting financial losses due to apartment construction accidents utilizing deep learning techniques
Authors: Kim Ji-Myong , Bae Junseo , Park Hyunsoung , Yum Sang-Guk
Published: March 2022

This study aims to generate a deep learning algorithm-based model for quantitative prediction of financial losses due to accidents occurring at apartment construction sites. Recently, the construction of apartment buildings is rapidly increasing to solve housing shortage caused by increasing urban density. However, high-rise and large-scale construction projects are increasing the frequency and severity of accidents occurring inside and outside of construction sites, leading to increases of financial losses. In particular, the increase in severe weather and the surge in abnormal weather events due to climate change are aggravating the risk of financial losses associated with accidents occurring at construction sites. Therefore, for sustainable and efficient management of construction projects, a loss prediction model that prevents and reduces the risk of financial loss is essential. This study collected and analyzed insurance claim payout data from a main insurance company in South Korea regarding accidents occurring inside and outside of construction sites. Deep learning algorithms were applied to develop predictive models reflecting scientific and recent technologies. Results and framework of this study provide critical guidance on financial loss management necessary for sustainable and efficacious construction project management. They can be used as a reference for various other construction project management studies.
The dynamic properties of a nuclear coactivator binding domain are evolutionarily conserved
Authors: Karlsson Elin , Sorgenfrei Frieda A. , Andersson Eva , Dogan Jakob , Jemth Per , Chi Celestine N.
Published: March 2022

Evolution of proteins is constrained by their structure and function. While there is a consensus that the plasticity of intrinsically disordered proteins relaxes the structural constraints on evolution there is a paucity of data on the molecular details of these processes. The Nuclear Coactivator Binding Domain (NCBD) from CREB-binding protein is a protein interaction domain, which contains a hydrophobic core but is not behaving as a typical globular domain, and has been described as ‘molten-globule like’. The highly dynamic properties of NCBD makes it an interesting model system for evolutionary structure-function investigation of intrinsically disordered proteins. We have here compared the structure and biophysical properties of an ancient version of NCBD present in a bilaterian animal ancestor living around 600 million years ago with extant human NCBD. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism and kinetics we show that although NCBD has increased its thermodynamic stability, it has retained its dynamic biophysical properties in the ligand-free state in the evolutionary lineage leading from the last common bilaterian ancestor to humans. Our findings suggest that the dynamic properties of NCBD have been maintained by purifying selection and thus are important for its function, which includes mediating several distinct protein-protein interactions.
Bacterial communities associated with wood rot fungi that use distinct decomposition mechanisms
Authors: Haq Irshad Ul , Hillmann Benjamin , Moran Molly , Willard Samuel , Knights Dan , Fixen Kathryn R , Schilling Jonathan S
Published: March 2022

Wood decomposer fungi are grouped by how they extract sugars from lignocellulose. Brown rot fungi selectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, leaving lignin intact, and white rot fungi degrade all components. Many trees are susceptible to both rot types, giving carbon in Earth’s woody biomass, specifically lignin, a flexible fate that is affected not only by the fungal decomposition mechanism but also the associated microbial community. However, little is understood about how rot type may influence the microbial community in decaying wood. In this study, we quantified bacterial communities associated with Fomes fomentarius (white rot) and Fomitopsis betulina (brown rot) found on a shared tree host species, birch (Betula papyrifera). We collected 25 wood samples beneath sporocarps  of F. fomentarius (n = 13) and F. betulina (n = 12) on standing dead trees, and coupled microbial DNA sequencing with chemical signatures of rot type (pH and lignin removal). We found that bacterial communities for both fungi were dominated by Proteobacteria, a commonly reported association. However, rot type exerted significant influence on less abundant taxa in ways that align logically with fungal traits. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were enriched in Firmicutes in white-rotted wood, and were enriched in Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria in lower pH brown rot. Our results suggest that wood decomposer strategies may exert significant selection effects on bacteria, or vice versa, among less-abundant taxa that have been overlooked when using abundance as the only measure of influence.
Polymorphic solvates, ionic cocrystals and C–N bond formation to form ionic cocrystals in sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole-derived urea
Authors: Nath Jitendra , Baruah Jubaraj B.
Published: March 2022

Solvates and ionic cocrystals of two sulfa-drug based urea derivatives were studied, where also polymorphs of a solvate, thermal stability, unusual C–N bond formation and desolvation were elucidated.
The effect of (H2O)n (n = 1–3) clusters on the reaction of HONO with HCl: a mechanistic and kinetic study
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxia , Liu Zizhong , Zhao Ruisheng , Xu Tianzi
Published: March 2022

The reaction between HONO and HCl is a possible pathway for the generation of ClNO, which is prone to photolyze, produce chlorine radicals, and accelerate the oxidation of tropospheric VOCs.
Quantum algorithms for electronic structures: basis sets and boundary conditions
Authors: Liu Jie , Fan Yi , Li Zhenyu , Yang Jinlong
Published: March 2022

Quantum algorithms for electronic structure calculations are reviewed with a special focus on basis sets and boundary conditions.
Host–guest molecular interaction promoted urea electrosynthesis over a precisely designed conductive metal–organic framework
Authors: Yuan Menglei , Chen Junwu , Zhang Honghua , Li Qiongguang , Zhou Le , Yang Chao , Liu Rongji , Liu Zhanjun , Zhang Suojiang , Zhang Guangjin
Published: March 2022

A precisely fabricated conductive MOF incorporating unique host–guest interactions can be used to achieve active-site integration and effective electrocatalytic C–N bond coupling for the synthesis of urea.
A review on the synthesis and applications of sustainable copper-based nanomaterials
Authors: Kute Arun D. , Gaikwad Rahul P. , Warkad Indrajeet R. , Gawande Manoj B.
Published: March 2022

A comprehensive review of the synthesis and applications of Cu and Cu-based nanomaterials. A variety of applications including organic reactions, photocatalysis, environmental remediation, and sensors have been included.
Nanoscale structures and mechanics of peptide nucleic acids
Authors: Chhetri Khadka B. , Sharma Akshara , Naskar Supriyo , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: March 2022

Peptide nucleic acids are charge-neutral polyamide oligomers with extremely flexible backbones that have a strong affinity for hybridization with complementary DNA or RNA, as well as encouraging antisense and antigene activity in cell-free systems.
Self-assembly of graphene oxide flakes for smart and multifunctional coating with reversible formation of wrinkling patterns
Authors: Su Xinran , Pandey Rakesh K. , Ma Junhao , Lim Wei Chun , Ao Chi Kit , Liu Changhui , Nakanishi Hideyuki , Soh Siowling
Published: March 2022

Coating reversibly self-assembled and disassembled from nanoscale 2D graphene oxide is smart and multifunctional. The stimuli-responsive coating expands laterally and forms wrinkling patterns that can be controlled by temperature and pressure.
Recrystallization solvent-dependent elastic/plastic flexibility of an n-dodecyl-substituted tetrachlorophthalimide
Authors: Kusumoto Sotaro , Suzuki Ryo , Tachibana Masaru , Sekine Yoshihiro , Kim Yang , Hayami Shinya
Published: March 2022

A long alkyl-chained organic molecule has been crystallized into elastically or plastically deformable bending types depending on the recrystallization solvent.
Assessment of presumed small-molecule ligands of telomeric i-DNA by biolayer interferometry (BLI)
Authors: Bonnet Hugues , Morel Maéva , Devaux Alexandre , Boissieras Joseph , Granzhan Anton , Elias Benjamin , Lavergne Thomas , Dejeu Jérôme , Defrancq Eric
Published: March 2022

Biolayer interferometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to investigate the interaction between previously reported i-motif DNA ligands and folded or unfolded i-DNA in acidic (pH 5.5) and near-neutral (pH 6.5) conditions.
Dual active sites in a triazine-based covalent organic polymeric framework promoting oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Boruah Tribani , Das Sabuj Kanti , Kumar Greesh , Mondal Saptarsi , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: March 2022

We report a covalent porous polymer containing triazine and imine dual active sites that promotes oxygen reduction reaction via push–pull hypothesis.
CoH-catalyzed radical hydroalkylation of alkenes with 1,3-dicarbonyls
Authors: Guan Meihui , Miao Huanran , Qin Tao , Zhang Ge , Zhang Qian
Published: March 2022

A cobalt-catalyzed alkene hydroalkylation with 1,3-dicarbonyls was developed, which is the first intermolecular version of MHAT-mediated hydrofunctionalization with C(sp3) nucleophiles.
Conversion of bio-derived crude glycerol into renewable high-octane gasoline-stock
Authors: Singh Vijendra , Arumugam Selvamani , Tathod Anup Prakash , Nagabhatla Viswanadham
Published: March 2022

The present study demonstrates the efficient production of renewable gasoline-stock (71.4C%) possessing a high concentration of alkyl-aromatics and >97 RON, and H2-enriched gases suitable for fuel applications from bio-derived glycerol over Ga–Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst.
Surface-dependent band structure variations and bond deviations of GaN
Authors: Tan Chih-Shan , Huang Michael H.
Published: March 2022

DFT calculations show the band structure, bond length, and bond geometry variations for few GaN(101̄0) and (101̄1) planes, but an invariant band structure for GaN(0001) planes.
Modeling analysis of the growth of a cubic crystal in a finite space
Authors: Yang Fuqian
Published: March 2022

Temporal evolution of crystal sizes under isothermal and isochoric conditions in a finite space. There are three stages: linearly and nonlinearly increasing with growth time in the first and second stages, respectively and plateau in the third stage.
Cs sorption of Mn–Fe based Prussian blue analogs with periodic precipitation banding in agarose gel
Authors: Hayashi Hisashi
Published: March 2022

The Cs sorption capacity of Mn–Fe PBA precipitates (spontaneously formed in agarose gel) increased over time. During the Cs sorption, periodic precipitation bands comprising large crystallites were generated, suggesting the contribution of Ostwald ripening.
Electrostatic penetration effects stand at the heart of aromatic π interactions
Authors: Cabaleiro-Lago Enrique M. , Rodríguez-Otero Jesús , Vázquez Saulo A.
Published: March 2022

Electrostatic penetration shapes the total interaction energy in aromatic dimers.
Metal–metal communication between 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)cobaltocenium and an organonickel moiety
Authors: Auweiler Daniel , Schnierle Marc , Rapp Valentin , Ringenberg Mark R.
Published: March 2022

1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)cobaltocenium (dppc)+coordinated by dicarbonylnickel(0) or cyclopentadienylnickel(ii), respectively, were used to understand how ligand redox is communicated to the distal metal.
On the delayed emission from a laser-produced aluminum plasma under an argon environment
Authors: Arora Garima , Thomas Jinto , Joshi H. C.
Published: March 2022

We report long time (250 μs) emission from Al I in laser produced plasma in argon ambient and its dependence on laser power density, background pressure and distance from the target surface. Role of argon metastables as energy reservoirs is discussed.
Recent developments of lead-free halide double perovskites: a new superstar in the optoelectronic field
Authors: Ghosh Sukanya , Shankar Hari , Kar Prasenjit
Published: March 2022

Schematic representation of metal halide double perovskite and the different features described in the review.
Liquid crystalline dimers containing a cholesteryl benzoate unit: smectic phase, chiral nematic phase and blue phase
Authors: Li Jun , Cong Yuehua , Huang Haozhou , Shi Qiankun , Jia Yinggang , Zhang Baoyan
Published: March 2022

Multiple mesophases, including the smectic A phase (Sm A), chiral nematic phase (N*), and blue phase (BP I), were seen in a series of non-symmetric bent mesogenic dimers containing a cholesteryl benzoate group.
In situ construction of self-supporting Ni–Fe sulfide for high-efficiency oxygen evolution
Authors: Hao Mingxin , Wang Huizhen , Zhang Xiaoling , Qu Yangdong , Xuan Cuijuan , Wu Zexing , Cui Min , Wang Jie
Published: March 2022

2D nanosheet arrays comprising the self-supporting (Fe,Ni)3S4 composite not only exhibit excellent OER activity but also superior reaction stability due to the combined effect of mesopore-containing 2D nanosheets and the binary metal species.
Paper-based plasmonic nanosensor monitors environmental lead pollution in real field
Authors: Pan Nivedita , Bhattacharyya Neha , Banerjee Amrita , Biswas Pritam , Roy Lopamudra , Chatterjee Arka , Bhattacharjee Rama , Singh Soumendra , Ahmed Saleh A. , Chattopadhyay Arpita , Mitra Mala , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: March 2022

Development of a low-cost portable colorimetric nanosensor for real field pollution monitoring.
IL-functionalized Mn(ii)-doped core–shell Fe3O4@Zr-MOF nanomaterials for the removal of MB from wastewater based on dual adsorption/Fenton catalysis
Authors: Lu Ruowei , Wang Cuijuan , Chen Yanxia , Tan Lichuan , Wang Peng , Feng Siwen
Published: March 2022

IL-functionalized Mn(ii)-doped core–shell Fe3O4@Zr-MOF nanomaterials were fabricated for the removal of MB from wastewater based on dual adsorption/Fenton catalysis.
Enhanced ethopabate adsorption in monodispersed porous carbon derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-8
Authors: Hu Haoyun , Ruan Guihua , Jiang Xiangqiong , Pan Hong , Wu Zhuqiang , Huang Yipeng
Published: March 2022

Drastically improved adsorption capacity for ethopabate is achieved by the partial carbonization of ZIF-8.
Targeted carbon monoxide delivery combined with chemodynamic, chemotherapeutic and photothermal therapies for enhanced antitumor efficacy
Authors: Liu Jing , Tang Qi , Wang Yi , Zhang Hai-Lin , Ren Bing , Yang Shi-Ping , Liu Jin-Gang
Published: March 2022

Polydopamine-coated hollow mesoporous copper sulfide loaded with DHA and CO-releasing molecules selectively delivered DHA and CO to tumor cells under 808 nm light irradiation, demonstrating multimodal synergistic antitumor efficacy.
Two-dimensional cobalt telluride as a piezo-tribogenerator
Authors: Negedu Solomon Demiss , Tromer Raphael , Gowda Chinmayee Chowde , Woellner Cristiano F. , Olu Femi Emmanuel , Roy Ajit K. , Pandey Prafull , Galvao Douglas S. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Kumbhakar Partha , Tiwary Chandra S.
Published: March 2022

Utilization of waste heat from laptop/electronic gadgets to generate electricity by using 2D CoTe2 working as a piezo-tribo nanogenerator (PTNG).
Gelation behavior and supramolecular chirality of a BTA derivative in a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Hejie , Li Qintang , Chen Xiao
Published: March 2022

The eutectogels with random chirality have been successfully fabricated through the self-assembly of a BTA derivative in a deep eutectic solvent.
Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of strain-induced crystallization in multiblock copolymers: effects of dilution
Authors: Guo Yaqian , Wang Jiping , Luo Wen , Hu Wenbing
Published: March 2022

Two strain-induced crystallization of crystallizable blocks with the extremely high and low concentrations were studied in parallel comparisons to reveal the effects of dilution on the strain-induced crystallization of multiblock copolymers.
MIAM: Motion information aggregation module for action recognition
Authors: Cheng Qin , Ren Ziliang , Liu Zhen , Cheng Jun , Zhang Qieshi , Liu Jianming
Published: March 2022

In the field of action recognition based on RGB videos, it is infeasible to train deep networks on dozens or hundreds of frames because of limits on computational complexity and memory. Previous works commonly adopted a sparse sampling strategy, which unfortunately leads to missing crucial frames and insufficient modelling for short‐range motions. In this letter, an effective motion information aggregation module (MIAM) that utilises convolutional neural networks to aggregate motion information from multiple frames into one single frame is proposed. This allows to train deep networks end‐to‐end with densely sampled frames efficiently. The MIAM enables the model to gather motion information at every instant of action, which avoids missing subtle movements. Experiments on the NTU RGB+D 60 and NTU RGB+D 120 datasets verify that the MIAM significantly improves the recognition accuracy with very limited extra computational cost and exhibits unique advantages for recognising subtle actions.
A single‐stage face detection and face recognition deep neural network based on feature pyramid and triplet loss
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Han , Chi Po‐Ting
Published: March 2022

A practical deep learning face recognition system can be divided into several tasks. These tasks can be time‐consuming if each task is executed with the original image as the input data. And the feature extractors used by different tasks may duplicate its function. In this paper, a multi‐task training method based on feature pyramid and triplet loss to train a single‐stage face detection and face recognition deep neural network is proposed. As a single‐stage work, every task's data is passed through the same backbone network to avoid duplicate computation by sharing the weights and computation. The whole network is established using feature pyramid and anchor boxes to localise the face position, using triplet loss to establish the feature extractor, and finally matching the feature through a simple math function. The benefits of the approach are faster computation speed and less memory usage. On an Nvidia 2080Ti GPU accelerator, this system can achieve 212 FPS for a 640 × 640 resolution input and maintains 92.4% accuracy on the LFW data set.