bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a jeans sizing system for young Black pear-shaped South African women
Authors:   , Sokhetye Phumza Ntombovuyo
Published: August 2021

The South African pear-shaped Black women’s jeans market has been confronted by fit dissatisfaction, although there is a growing demand for jeans. This study was approached from a viewpoint that jeans do not fit a large population of this consumer group and investigates the issues related to this problem. Local manufacturers and retailers currently use an adaptation of the British sizing system to suit their customer profile. Not much research however, has been carried out on developing a sizing system for the pear-shaped figure type, which makes up a sizeable portion of the population in the country. The intention of the study was to establish key variables for developing a jeans sizing system for Black South African pear-shaped indigenous women. A total of 60 Black women aged 18-35 years at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology were scanned for body measurements using a 3D body scanner. Body measurement differences were examined by using a quantitative research approach to establish the difference between waist and hip measurements. The findings revealed an average drop value of 39cm between waist and hip circumference for a Black pear-shaped figure, in comparison to a drop value of 24cm for a standardised sizing used by the clothing industry. It is recommended that the major stakeholders in South Africa conduct a national anthropometric study to update sizing systems, by using 3D body scanning technology, which provides accurate and consistent measurements of the human body.
An investigation into the exercise of male power in middle management in Technikons in KwaZulu-Natal, with particular reference to verbal communication
Authors:   , Turnbull-Jackson Carolyn Jeannette Anne
Published: August 2021

This study focused on the exercise of male power in middle management in technikons in KwaZulu-Natal, with particular reference to verbal communication. The glass ceiling, blocking promotions to senior positions, is a reality for women in technikons and the researcher explored the ways in which exploitation and marginalisation occur when sexism and power is wielded by males through verbal communication.
МӘДЕНИЕТАРАЛЫҚ КОММУНИКАЦИЯНЫҢ ЛИНГВОПРАГМАТИКАЛЫҚ АСПЕКТІСІ
Authors: Дальмуханова Феруза
Published: August 2021

Мәдениетаралық коммуникативті құзыреттілікті қалыптастыру тек тілдік коммуникативті құзыреттілікті кеңейту ғана емес, оны экстралингвистикалық негізде іргелі құру екенін атап өткен жөн. Бұл дегеніміз, адам басқа адамдармен, басқа мәдениеттерден шыққан адамдармен осы мәдениеттердің ерекшелігін білу негізінде қарым-қатынас жасауы керек. Коммуникативтік құзыреттілікті қалыптастырудың мұндай тәсілінің мақсаты ықтимал түсінбеушіліктерді, кемсітушіліктерді және мәдени стереотиптердің пайда болуын болдырмау болып табылады.
INSURANCE COVERAGE IN CIVIL LIABILITY OF MOTOR VEHICLES OWNERS’ COMPULSORY INSURANCE (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY AND THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN)
Authors: Birishik Faik
Published: August 2021

Both Turkish and Azerbaijani legislation requires motor vehicle owners to enter into a contract of compulsory civil liability insurance. The list of vehicles with compulsory civil liability insurance to third parties is reflected in Article 50.2 of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on “Compulsory Insurance”. A similar list of vehicles with compulsory civil liability insurance is reflected in the Law of the Republic of Turkey “On Motor Roads”. Losses included in the coverage area of the insurance contract on compulsory civil liability insurance of motor vehicle owners are classified in the form of damage to vehicles, material damage and damage to life and health of the victim.
RESPONSABILITATEA PUTERII PUBLICE ÎN STATUL DE DREPT
Authors: Costachi Gheorghe , Donos Victor
Published: August 2021

Studiul este consacrat analizei responsabilității, în vederea conturării esenței și particularităților sale, precum și a deosebirii față de răspundere – cu care se confundă de cele mai multe ori, urmărind a accentua în mod special valoarea și necesitatea consolidării acesteia la nivelul puterii publice.
CLASIFICAREA CONDAMNAȚILOR, ASPECTE CRIMINOLOGICE ȘI EXECUȚIONAL PENALE
Authors: Cornel Cornel , Chiriţa Valentin
Published: August 2021

Clasificarea condamnaţilor este o bază teoretică şi practică pentru aplicarea pedepsei, îndeosebi a diferenţierii sale. Numai prin divizarea condamnaţilor în grupuri omogene, spre exemplu, în funcţie de tipul infracţiunii comise, recidivă, nivelul de corectare etc., putem asigura realizarea principiului diferenţierii, individualizării şi planificării executării pedepselor penale.Articolul abordează conceptul și criteriile de clasificare a condamnaților la închisoare de o importanță semnificativă la diferențierea și individualizarea executarea pedepsei, precum și pentru a atinge scopul pedepsei și resocializării condamnatului. În scopul organizării unui proces de influenţare diferenţiată asupra condamnaţilor, este necesar ca întregul contingent de infractori care a fost condamnat de către instanţa de judecată la pedeapsa cu închisoare să fie împărţit în asemenea categorii, încât, în privinţa cărora să fie posibilă aplicarea principalelor mijloace de corijare, în volum diferit şi cu grad de intensitate diferit, urmărind astfel asigurarea atingerii scopurilor pedepsei penale, diferenţierea măsurilor de pedeapsă şi educative aplicate condamnaţilor, care sânt înfăptuite în baza clasificării.
PLASMA AIR STERILIZER TO COMBAT VIRUSES
Authors: Gromyko Igor , Rayevskaya Irina
Published: August 2021

The authors have developed, manufactured and successfully conducted preliminary tests of a plasma air sterilizer, which is designed to affect negatively the reproductive function of biological objects and their genetic memory elements. The lower limit of external dimensions of affected objects is in the nanometer and picometer ranges.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗДОРОВОГО СПОСОБУ ЖИТТЯ: ПРОБЛЕМИ В УКРАЇНІ, ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВІ ПІДХОДИ
Authors: Бухало Ганна
Published: August 2021

Основним принципом діяльності системи охорони здоров’я України є її профілактичний напрямок, а основним завданням – збереження і зміцнення здоров’я населення. Найголовнішим напрямком зусиль щодо збереження та зміцнення здоров'я населення є поліпшення способу життя населення і стану навколишнього середовища. В статті проведено співставлення міжнародних документів стосовно дотримання прав людини і сприяння збереженню і зміцненню здоров’я населення, які ратифікувала Україна, і реального становища у сфері можливості посилення контролю населення України за своїм здоров’ям.
ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТАГОНИСТА РЕЦЕПТОРА УРОТЕНЗИНА-II - ПАЛОСУРАНА НА СИСТЕМНОЕ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЕ ДАВЛЕНИЕ И ТКАНЬ МИОКАРДА У ГИПЕРТЕНЗИРОВАННЫХ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ КРЫС
Authors: Каджаия Албина , Габуния Луиза , Гамбашидзе Кетеван , Пачкория Кетеван , Сулашвили Нодар , Гогиберидзе Анзор
Published: August 2021

В данной статье обсуждается влияние лечения антагонистом рецепторов уротензина II (У-II) - Палоураном на системное артериальное давление (САД) и ткань миокарда у лабораторных крыс гипертензированных по Методу Гольдблатта (2 почки + 1 зажим). Палосуран вводили внутрибрюшинно через 4 и 8 недель после моделирования гипертензии (10 мг/кг один раз в сутки). Артериальное давление измеряли неинвазивно (в хвосте) с использованием метода Тилля Зуффа (система измерения артериального давления – Систола). Для морфологического исследования ткани миокарда окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином. Было показано, что Палосуран обладает гипотензивным действием как у здоровых, так и у гипертензированных крыс, что объясняется его антагонистическим действием на рецепторы У-II (УТР) и, следовательно, сосудорасширяющим действием. При раннем начале лечения в миокарде крыс гипертрофия левого желудочка не было выявлуно по сравнению с миокардом крыс, не получавшие лечения. При позднем начале лечения гипертрофия левого желудочка была слегка выраженна. Можно сказать, что лечение Палосураном наряду со снижением артериального давления у крыс значительно снижает нагрузку на миокард и, следовательно, снижает риск сопутствующих осложнении.
PREPARATION OF BACTERICADAL FILLERS FROM GEORGIAN HEULANDITE-CLINOPTILOLITE AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR PAPER PRODUCTION. II. BACTERICADAL PAPER
Authors: Tsitsishvili Vladimer , Dolaberidze Nanuli , Mirdzveli Nato , Nijaradze Manana , Amiridze Zurab
Published: August 2021

The purpose of present work was to obtain bactericidal materials using heulandite-clinoptilolite from the Rkoni plot of the Tedzami deposit, Eastern Georgia, and to use them as a filler for the production of bactericidal paper. Materials remaining the zeolite crystal structure, containing over 130 mg/g of silver, 70 mg/g of copper, and 55 mg/g of zinc, and showing bacteriostatic activity towards pathogenic bacteria and fungi were prepared in laboratory and the filled papers were manufactured on the production lines of the GPM company. It was found that the introduction of zeolite fillers leads to an increase in the grammage, thickness and density of the paper, as well as to a certain decrease in the tensile strength in the machine direction. The introduction of zeolite fillers containing divalent metals causes a significant change in surface properties, and samples with a certain copper content become absolutely waterproof. Testing of bacteriostatic activity by disc diffusion method revealed only activity of paper with a silver-containing filler against E. coli and staphylococcus, while the colony forming unit assay indicates the activity of all metal-containing samples against staphylococcus and all zinc-containing samples against E. coli. The greatest activity against E. coli is shown by paper with a high content of zinc, against staphylococcus, paper with a high content of copper. These results are very important from a practical point of view, since they open up the possibility of replacing silver with copper and zinc.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ВЕГЕТАТИВНИХ ОРГАНІВ МАЛОПОШИРЕНИХ КАПУСТЯНИХ РОСЛИН ЗА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОРГАНО-МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО ДОБРИВА «НОВОФЕРТ» ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТУ «ЖИВА ЗЕМЛЯ»
Authors: Садовська Надія , Попович Галина , Анталовський Андрій , Куртанич Руслан
Published: August 2021

Наведено результати досліджень формування розсади капусти савойської за різних схем використання органо-мінерального добрива «Новоферт» та формування продукції руколи за підживлення рослин біопрепаратом «Жива земля». Встановлено вплив препаратів залежно від способів та схем застосування на строки проходження рослинами фенофаз, біометричні параметри, а в руколи – і на урожайність рослин.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ДИНАМІЧНИХ НАВАНТАЖЕНЬ, ЯКІ ДІЮТЬ НА КУЗОВ НАПІВВАГОНА З НАПОВНЮВАЧЕМ В ХРЕБТОВІЙ БАЛЦІ
Authors: Ловська Альона , Фомін Олексій , Рибін Андрій
Published: August 2021

Для зменшення навантаженості напіввагона при експлуатаційних режимах запропоновано удосконалення хребтової балки шляхом створення її замкненої конструкції, заповненої наповнювачем з пружніми або в’язкими властивостями. З метою обґрунтування запропонованого рішення проведено математичне та комп’ютерне моделювання динамічної навантаженості напіввагона. Встановлено, що запропонована реалізація сприяє зменшенню динамічної навантаженості несучої конструкції напіввагона у порівнянні з типовою. Проведено верифікацію сформованих моделей динамічної навантаженості. Здійснено визначення втомної міцності, проектного строку служби та власних частот коливань несучої конструкції напіввагона. Проведені дослідження сприятимуть створенню інноваційних конструкцій вагонів, а також підвищенню ефективності їх експлуатації.
КОНТРОЛЬ ПАРАМЕТРОВ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОМ ОСАЖДЕНИЯ ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВ ИЗ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗЫ
Authors: Кадыров Абдулахат , Абдурахманов Борис , Бойко Сергей , Касымов Далер , Трунилина Ольга
Published: August 2021

Дается краткий обзор самого распространенного на практике способа получения полупроводниковых материалов, в том числе, кремния-водородное восстановление галогенидов из газовой фазы. Приведены данные о формировании парогазовой смеси в производственных условиях но также в диапазоне варьирования исходных параметров процесса. Подчеркивается ценность полученных результаты при получения солнечных элементов из вторичного литого поликремния
МЕТОД УСУНЕННЯ ПОМИЛОК В НЕЙРОМЕРЕЖЕВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ ПІДТРИМКИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕНЬ
Authors: Осієвський Сергій , Коломійцев Олексій , Третяк Вячеслав , Толстолузька Олена , Пічугін Михайло , Кулєшов Олександр , Клівець Сергій
Published: August 2021

Розглянуті питання виявлення помилок в штучних нейромережах, що пов’язані з суперечливістю думок експертів та/або обмеженістю (недосконалістю) опису предметної області. Проаналізовано підходи щодо їх відлагодження. Показані шляхи вдосконалення існуючих підходів щодо відлагодження помилок типу “забування про виключення”. Показано можливі шляхи застосування отриманих рішень для відлагодження помилок “перетин критичних подій”. Запропоновано формалізоване визначення помилки нейромережевої інтелектуальної системи з урахуванням вимог до оперативності і точності подання інформації. Розглянуті питання впливу некоректної організації машинного навчання на точність класифікації елементів нейромережевої інтелектуальної системи. Доведено можливість застосування методів контрастування мереж на підготовчому етапі до тестування бази знань інтелектуальної системи підтримки прийняття рішень, що дозволяє зменшити ймовірність виникнення помилок даного типу для зазначених систем. Наведено класифікацію алгоритмів вибірки знань з інтелектуальної нейронної мережі, виконано їх аналіз та показано, що для виявлення зазначених типів помилок доцільно використовувати модифікований алгоритм GLARE з процедурою адаптації. Наведено блок-схеми алгоритмів відлагодження БЗ ІСППР, що використовують отримані теоретичні рішення. Запропоновано схему організації процесу тестування за рівнями деталізації для інтеграційного та модульного тестування, що може бути застосована для реалізації процесів тестування Agile-методології, зокрема: Agile Modeling, Agile Unified Process, Agile Data Method, Essential Unified Process, Extreme Programming, Feature Driven Development, Getting Real, Open UP, Scrum, Kanban.
THE ALBANIAN PROBLEM AND THE USA ON THE EVE OF THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE IN 1919
Authors: Vora Rovena
Published: August 2021

Nineteen-nineteen was a year of peacemaking and national boundaries were being revised throughout the world. It was also a year of hope, especially for the Albanians, when many people believed that the world could be remade according to Wilson. The year was crucial in the development of Albania. For Albania the story of 1919 is both national and international. On the international scene the problem of what to do with Albania was as always tied to other issues. Albania had been created in 1913 by the Great Powers in an attempt to preserve the stability of the Balkans by preventing the growth of the states which were victorious in the first Balkan War and by maintaining Albania as a foreign dominated balancing factor. This system by which the Great powers maintained their control over the Balkans was broken completely by the First World War. During the peacemaking the Albanian problem became part of both the Adriatic question of Greece and the question of Greek and Italian claims in the Eastern Mediterranean. The aim of this paper is to consider these claims, the influence of Essad Pasha on the eve of the Paris Peace Conference and the American attitude towards the Albanian issue.
FROM INCORPORATION TO INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION OF DEAF CHILDREN IN THE MAINSTREAM SCHOOL
Authors: Karantoni Maria
Published: August 2021

The term integration means the systematic placement of something within something else and the completion of the subject as an independent, whole part of a larger whole. The term incorporation (mainstreaming) denotes the one-way attachment and assimilation of one to a whole or, in other words, the acquisition of a body or flow by acquiring the characteristics of a heteroid set and losing the original characteristics. The term inclusive education replaces the terms inclusion and integration. The adjective inclusive comes from the Latin verb includere, which means "include". The term can be abbreviated as "inclusive education" or "non-exclusion education". This article focuses on the integration, integration and inclusive education of deaf children in the public school.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ УГОЛОВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ПРИЧИНЕНИЕ ВРЕДА ОБЪЕКТАМ АГРОСФЕРЫ И ЗДОРОВЬЮ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Володина Оксана , Курман Татьяна
Published: August 2021

В статье проанализированы концептуальные подходы к проблеме устойчивого развития агросферы в условиях глобализации, механизма правовой защиты ее объектов, а также уголовной ответственности за причинение вреда указанным объектам и, как следствие, здоровью человека в аспекте необходимости реализации целей устойчивого развития.
PREDICTION OF EXTRACTION DIFFICULTY FOR INFERIOR THIRD MOLAR
Authors: Motelica Gabriela , Chele Nicolae , Beliniuc Sergiu
Published: August 2021

Inferior third molar impaction remains an actual topic of discussion in modern dentistry due to the frequent complications and treatment contraindications. According to Rock and Elsey inferior third mandibular molar impaction occurs in 73% of young people. Many theories of impaction of inferior 3rd molar have been proposed, but the most popular is the insufficient development of retromolar space. Some authors claim that M3 extraction should only be performed when complications may occur, others say that M3 should be extracted if there are no contraindications, but Martin Kunkel is the advocate of the prophylactic extraction of the inferior third molar. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the frequency of impaction of mandibular third molar and their relationship with neighboring anatomical structures was evaluated. There were statistically processed data of medical records and radiographic examination. This study was made based on 320 patients treated in the University Dental Clinic nr.2, SUMPh ,,Nicolae Testemițanu”. Of these, 147 patients were selected: 58 patients with impacted inferior 3rd molar and 89 patients with inferior 3rd molar apparently erupted in the correct position. The most common complication caused by M3 was pericoronitis, followed by second molar caries.
АНАЛІЗ ВІБРАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ВУЗЛІВ ТУРБОГЕНЕРАТОРІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ РЕЖИМІВ ЇХ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ
Authors: Тітко Владислав , Березниченко Вікторія
Published: August 2021

Розробка засобів on-line діагностування у всіх складових енергетичних об’єктів реалізованих відповідно до концепцій Smart Grid є актуальних питанням, вирішення якого дозволить реалізувати діагностування енергетичних об'єктів за їх фактичним технічним станом використовуючи ретроспективну інформацію, що містить данні про експлуатацію електричної машини. Показано, що перспективним для отримання діагностичної інформації є використання параметрів вібраційних процесів виміряних за допомогою вимірювальних перетворювачів на основі ємнісних сенсорів. Для отриманих даних побудовані статистичні моделі вібраційних процесів при неробочому ході в залежності від часу, а також в залежності від часу і для різних активних навантажень з урахуванням динаміки їх зміни в процесі експлуатації, які є чутливі й значимі до зміни фактичним технічним стану досліджуваного об'єкту.
INVESTIGATION AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF DONKEY’S MILK OF THE KEGETY GORGE
Authors: Turganbaeva Nadira , Isakova Dinara
Published: August 2021

The objective of this paper was to study the amino acid composition of donkey milk inhabiting the Kegety gorge of the Chui region. As well as human milk, donkey and mare’s milk is albumin; the amount of casein is 35-45%, while cow’s milk is casein milk with casein content over 75%. The peculiarity of albumin milk is a higher biological and nutritional value, due to better amino acid balance, high sugar content and the ability to form small, delicate flakes when souring. In terms of its properties, albumin milk is closest to human milk and is the best substitute for it. The obtained results showed that the quantitative content of 7 essential amino acids out of 8, such as lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine is relatively high compared to other amino acids. Despite the absence of tryptophan in donkey milk, the percentage of 8 essential amino acids in donkey milk protein exceeds that in mare and cow’s milk.
ЛОГІСТИЧНІ РІШЕННЯ В ЛАНЦЮГАХ ПОСТАЧАННЯ ШВИДКОПСУВНИХ ПРОДУКТІВ
Authors: Кунда Неоніла
Published: August 2021

Останнім часом набула поширення так звана «холодна логістика». Розглядається управління рухом вантажів, динаміка експорту швидкопсувних продуктів, поняття «холодовий ланцюг», спеціалізований рухомий склад, логістичні технології організації товароруху, проблеми та перспективи холодної логістики в Україні.
DETECTING CREDIT CARD FRAUD USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Shmatko Olexander , Fedorchenko Volodimir , Prochukhan Dmytro
Published: August 2021

Today the banking sector offers its clients many different financial services such as ATM cards, Internet banking, Debit card, and Credit card, which allows attracting a large number of new customers. This article proposes an information system for detecting credit card fraud using a machine learning algorithm. Usually, credit cards are used by the customer around the clock, so the bank's server can track all transactions using machine learning algorithms. It must find or predict fraud detection. The dataset contains characteristics for each transaction and fraudulent transactions need to be classified and detected. For these purposes, the work proposes the use of the Random Forest algorithm.
Statistical analysis of periodic data in neuroscience
Authors: Baker Daniel H.
Published: August 2021

Many experimental paradigms in neuroscience involve driving the nervous system with periodic sensory stimuli. Neural signals recorded using a variety of techniques will then include phase-locked oscillations at the stimulation frequency. The analysis of such data often involves standard univariate statistics such as T-tests, conducted on the Fourier amplitude components (ignoring phase), either to test for the presence of a signal, or to compare signals across different conditions. However, the assumptions of these tests will sometimes be violated because amplitudes are not normally distributed, and furthermore weak signals might be missed if the phase information is discarded. An alternative approach is to conduct multivariate statistical tests using the real and imaginary Fourier components. Here the performance of two multivariate extensions of the T-test are compared: Hotelling’s T2 and a variant called Tcirc2. A novel test of the assumptions of Tcirc2 is developed, based on the condition index of the data (the square root of the ratio of eigenvalues of a bounding ellipse), and a heuristic for excluding outliers using the Mahalanobis distance is proposed. The Tcirc2 statistic is then extended to multi-level designs, resulting in a new statistical test termed ANOVAcirc2. This has identical assumptions to Tcirc2, and is shown to be more sensitive than MANOVA when these assumptions are met. The use of these tests is demonstrated for two publicly available empirical data sets, and practical guidance is suggested for choosing which test to run. Implementations of these novel tools are provided as an R package and a Matlab toolbox, in the hope that their wider adoption will improve the sensitivity of statistical inferences involving periodic data.
Condições de saúde bucal da população quilombola no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Lima Isnaya Almeida Brandão , Souza Ludimila Alves de , Garcia Leandro Guimarães , Silva Neto Luiz Sinésio , Maciel Erika da Silva Maciel
Published: August 2021

Até julho de 2020, o Brasil contava com 3.447 comunidades remanescentes de quilombos reconhecidas oficialmente e cerca de 222 processos de reconhecimento abertos no Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária. Estima-se que existam em todo o território nacional aproximadamente 214 mil famílias quilombola, a maioria delas vivendo em espaços rurais. Objetivo: Conhecer as condições de saúde bucal dos quilombolas brasileiros, seus fatores determinantes e condicionantes. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura através de pesquisa nas bases de dados do Centro Latino-americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME), MEDLINE, LILACS e BBO. Após as fases de identificação e seleção, oito estudos foram incluídos. Resultados: Os dados extraídos indicam precárias condições de saúde bucal dos quilombolas e sua relação com fatores socioeconômicos. Conclusão: Existem poucos estudos e uma necessidade real e urgente de ações para melhoria das condições de saúde bucal e da qualidade de vida dessa população.
Estratégias de promoção do bem-estar psicossocial para pessoas idosas durante a COVID-19: revisão narrativa
Authors: Cavalcante Thuany Caroline Biazzola , Noronha Joyce Alves da Silva , Lopes Mauricio Santos Martins , Montiel José Maria
Published: August 2021

Introdução: Idosos demandam maior atenção e cuidado especial pela maior vulnerabilidade a complicações decorrentes da COVID-19. Medidas de distanciamento social podem provocar aumento nos níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão. Objetivo: identificar na literatura estratégias para promoção do bem-estar psicossocial para pessoas idosas durante a pandemia. Método: revisão narrativa de caráter descritivo. Resultados: as estratégias abordadas que minimizaram os impactos observados, e estão relacionadas às intervenções psicológicas, recomendações através de vídeos ou cartilhas, ações de prevenção da saúde e apoio social. Conclusão: é relevante a ampliação de programas que ofereçam suporte para as pessoas idosas, por serem mais propensas a desajustes emocionais provenientes do isolamento social.
PELATIHAN PENERAPAN 5 R (RINGKAS, RAPI, RESIK, RAWAT, RAJIN ) DI RS MUHAMMADIYAH MEDAN
Authors: Yunita Sukma
Published: August 2021

Ketidaktersediaan alat kesehatan dipengaruhi pada unsur-unsur manajemen logistik yang meliputi proses perencanaan,pengadaan,penerimaan,penyimpanan, pendistribusian serta pengendalian alat. 5R adalah salah satu metode untuk memelihara sebuah lingkungan organisasi dan berujung pada peningkatan efisiensi, produktifitas, dan keselamatan kerja.Tujuan dari Program Pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat dalam menerapkan 5 R di RS Muhammadiyah Medan. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah diskusi dan demonstrasi Penerapan 5 R serta diskusi dan Tanya jawab. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini setelah dilakukan sosialisasi dan praktek menunjukkan  85 % perawat paham terkait penjelasan materi dan 90% perawat dapat menerapkan metode 5 R terhadap barang logistik di Rumah Sakit.
OPTIMALISASI PENCEGAHAN MELALUI DETEKSI DINI PENULARAN COVID-19 MENGGUNAKAN GENOSE C19
Authors: Simanjuntak Edriyani Yonlafado , Octavia Yunida Turisna , Sinaga Janno
Published: August 2021

Penyebaran Covid-19 yang sangat cepat menyebabkan pemerintah memberlakukan berbagai kebijakan untuk mengantisipasi cepatnya penyebaran Covid-19. Sumatera Utara khususnya kota Medan telah ditetapkan dalam zona Merah yang dikategorikan resiko tinggi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakuka pemeriksaan (screening) Covid-19 pada karyawan Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah  mendeteksi secara dini kasus paparan Covid-19 setelah libur hari raya dan masuk kembali bekerja ke Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia. Dilakukan persiapan dengan berkoordinasi dengan Univeritas Sari Mutiara Indonesia dan Klinik Pratama Nusantara kesehatan. Dilakukan registasi peserta sebanyak 215 orang, dijelaskan mekanisme pemeriksaan dan diajarkan cara mengumpulkan sampel hembusan nafas serta peserta melakukan menampung hembusan nafasnya didalam kantong dan mencantumkan nama secara lengkap. Kemudian, dilakukan pemeriksaan oleh mesin GeNose C19 dan didapatkan hasil negatif pada seluruh peserta, yang artinya karyawan Universitas Sari  tidak terpapar Covid-19 setelah libur hari raya lebaran.

Kata kunci: Deteksi Dini, GeNose 19, Pemeriksaan Covid 19
APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE THERAPY THROUGH PLAY TO CHILDREN AGED 3-5 YEARS AT ORPHANAGE TERIMAKASIH ABADI
Authors: Damanik Rani , Syafitri Henny , Siregar Laura Mariati
Published: August 2021

Masalah perkembangan kognitif anak merupakan hal yang harus diperhatikan sehingga anak memiliki kemampuan yang lebih kompleks baik kemampuan gerak kasar, gerak halus, bicara dan bahasa serta sosialisasi dan kemandirian. Dimana perkembangan kognitif merupakan kemampuan berfikir untuk menghubungkan, menilai maupun mempertimbangkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa. Penerapan terapi kognitif melalui terapi bermain pada anak usia 3-5 tahun merupakan solusi dalam meningkatkan kognitif anak. Dengan dilakukannya terapi bermain bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kognitif dan perkembangan anak. Setelah pelaksanaan terapi bermain menghasilkan kemampuan anak dalam berfikir secara kognitif melalui mencuci tangan, tebak gambar dan mewarnai gambar.
 
Kata Kunci : Terapi, Kognitif, Bermain Usia 3-5 Tahun
 
ABSTRACT
The problem of children's cognitive development is something that must be considered so that children have more complex abilities, both the ability of gross motion, fine motion, speech and language as well as socialization and independence. Where cognitive development is the ability to think to connect, assess or consider an event or events. The application of cognitive therapy through play therapy for children aged 3-5 years is a solution in improving children's cognitive. By doing play therapy aims to improve the cognitive and development of children. After the implementation of play therapy results in children's ability to think cognitively through washing hands, guessing pictures and coloring pictures.
 
Keywords: Therapy, Cognitive, Play 3-5 Years Old
SOX2 and BRN2 as Key Transcription Factors in Neural Rosette Formation In Vitro
Authors:   Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Czech Republic, Hudáčová Zuzana
Published: August 2021

Although neurogenesis has been well studied, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown due to the challenges posed by the complexity of the underlying processes. Whilst in vivo studies can be used to study neurogenesis, the inability to control confounding variables complicate findings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the markers of in vitro neural rosette formation and describe the formation of neural rosettes from pluripotent stem cells using immunofluorescence analysis. The protocol of stem cell cultivation and induction of neural rosette formation was tested. Following, two transcription factors, BRN2 and SOX2, were fluorescently labelled and cells were imaged over a period of eight days. It was identified that SOX2 and BRN2 are expressed during in vitro neural rosette formation. These results are concurrent with in vivo neurogenesis, which suggests that neural rosettes could be a suitable in vitro model for researching neural development. Given that mistakes can arise during neurogenesis, such as neural tube defects, developing robust models to understand the formation of the nervous system is important. Moving forward, a detailed molecular understanding of neural rosette formation has the potential to be used for targeting specific transcription factors to treat or prevent problematic neurogenesis.
Transformative Learning in Nicaragua: A Retrospective Analysis of University Agriculture Students’ Long-Term Changes in Perspective After a Study Abroad Course
Authors: Pigg Janiece , O’Malley Adam , Roberts Richie , Stair Kristin
Published: August 2021

Study abroad courses have become a priority for institutions of higher education because of a need to broaden students’ perspectives of the world. However, a dearth of knowledge existed regarding whether the reported outcomes of study abroad courses, such changes to students’ perspectives, endure over time. In response, this retrospective study explored how university agriculture students’ (n = 5) shared experiences during a one-week study abroad course to Nicaragua influenced their long-term changes in perspective after returning to the U.S. in 2018. Through our phenomenological analysis, three themes emerged: (1) dichotomous learning outcomes, (2) recognition of power and privilege, and (3) advocacy for global experiences. In the first theme, dichotomous learning outcomes, participants’ long-term changes in perspective appeared to vary based on their level of academic maturity. Meanwhile, in the second theme, as university agriculture students compared their lived experiences in Nicaragua to their existing assumptions of the U.S., it appeared to elicit powerful shifts concerning how they viewed the world. And, as a result, they reported their experiences prompted them to consider the implications of social inequities more deeply. In the final theme, participants reported that after returning home, they began to advocate for global experiences among their peers, family, and friends. Consequently, our findings supported the use of short-term study abroad courses to foster a positive transformation in students’ global perspectives and behaviors after returning to the U.S.
Keywords: agricultural education, study abroad, phenomenology, retrospective long-term change
Building Self-reliance: A Framework to Evaluate Smallholder Coffee Farmers’ Pursuit of Commercialization
Authors: Silvert Colby , Diaz John , Warner Laura , Roberts T. Grady
Published: August 2021

his study examines the application of a self-reliance framework for practitioners and evaluators to better understand the capacities and intrinsic factors impacting smallholder coffee farmers’ commercialization behaviors. We surveyed 40 smallholder coffee producers in Peru using a quantitative instrument. Data were analyzed to determine if statistical relationships exist between farmers’ self-reliance (measured via knowledge and skills, attitudes, and aspirations) and their commercialization behaviors. Findings indicate the self-reliance framework effectively illustrates relationships between farmers’ aspirations, knowledge and skills and their commercialization behaviors, while future, additional studies are needed to better measure and understand the role of commercialization-related attitudes. Practitioners can leverage the study’s findings by using a self-reliance framework to infer farmers’ likeliness to pursue sustainable commercialization practices and align their trainings and design interventions based on evaluation findings. The conceptual self-reliance framework is the first of its kind applied for smallholder coffee commercialization. The findings demonstrate that self-reliance concepts employed recently in other contexts may potentially be used similarly by extension and development facilitators.
Keywords: coffee, commercialization, external facilitator, Peru, self-reliance, smallholder
Extension of the AIOMFAC model by iodine and carbonate species: applications for aerosol acidity and cloud droplet activation
Authors: Yin Hang , Dou Jing , Klein Liviana , Krieger Ulrich K. , Bain Alison , Wallace Brandon J. , Preston Thomas C. , Zuend Andreas
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Iodine and carbonate species are important components in marine and dust aerosols, respectively. The non-ideal interactions between these species and other inorganic and organic compounds within aqueous particle phases affect hygroscopicity, acidity, and gas–particle partitioning of semi-volatile components. In this work, we present an extended version of the Aerosol Inorganic–Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients (AIOMFAC) model by incorporating the ions I−, IO3−, HCO3−, CO32−, OH−, and CO2(aq) as new species. First, AIOMFAC ion interaction parameters for aqueous solutions were determined based on available thermodynamic data, such as water activity, mean molal activity coefficients, solubility, and vapor–liquid equilibrium measurements. Second, the interaction parameters for the new ions and various organic functional groups were optimized based on experimental data or, where data are scarce, alternative estimation methods such as multiple linear regression or a simple substitution by analogy approach. Additional bulk water activity and electrodynamic balance measurements were carried out to augment the database for the AIOMFAC parameter fit. While not optimal, we show that the use of alternative parameter estimation methods enables physically sound predictions and offers the benefit of a more broadly applicable model. Our implementation of the aqueous carbonate/bicarbonate/CO2(aq) system accounts for the associated temperature-dependent dissociation equilibria explicitly and enables closed- or open-system computations with respect to carbon dioxide equilibration with the gas phase. We discuss different numerical approaches for solving the coupled equilibrium conditions and highlight critical considerations when extremely acidic or basic mixtures are encountered. The fitted AIOMFAC model performance for inorganic aqueous systems is considered excellent over the whole range of mixture compositions where reference data are available. Moreover, the model provides physically meaningful predictions of water activity under highly concentrated conditions. For organic–inorganic mixtures involving new species, the model–measurement agreement is found to be good in most cases, especially at equilibrium relative humidities above ~70 %; reasons for deviations are discussed. Several applications of the extended model are shown and discussed, including: the effects of ignoring the auto-dissociation of water in carbonate systems, the effects of mixing bisulfate and bicarbonate compounds in closed- or open-system scenarios on pH and solution speciation, and the prediction of critical cloud condensation nucleus activation of NaI or Na2CO3 particles mixed with suberic acid.
Disturbance triggers non-linear microbe–environment feedbacks
Authors: Sengupta Aditi , Fansler Sarah J. , Chu Rosalie K. , Danczak Robert E. , Garayburu-Caruso Vanessa A. , Renteria Lupita , Song Hyun-Seob , Toyoda Jason , Hager Jacqueline , Stegen James C.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Conceptual frameworks linking microbial community membership, properties,
and processes with the environment and emergent function have been proposed
but remain untested. Here we refine and test a recent conceptual framework
using hyporheic zone sediments exposed to wetting–drying transitions. Our
refined framework includes relationships between cumulative properties of a
microbial community (e.g., microbial membership, community assembly properties,
and biogeochemical rates), environmental features (e.g., organic matter
thermodynamics), and emergent ecosystem function. Our primary aim was to
evaluate the hypothesized relationships that comprise the conceptual
framework and contrast outcomes from the whole and putatively active
bacterial and archaeal communities. Throughout the system we found
threshold-like responses to the duration of desiccation. Membership of the
putatively active community – but not the whole bacterial and
archaeal community – responded due to enhanced deterministic selection (an
emergent community property). Concurrently, the thermodynamic properties of
organic matter (OM) became less favorable for oxidation (an environmental
component), and respiration decreased (a microbial process). While these
responses were step functions of desiccation, we found that in
deterministically assembled active communities, respiration was lower and
thermodynamic properties of OM were less favorable. Placing the results in
context of our conceptual framework points to previously unrecognized
internal feedbacks that are initiated by disturbance and mediated by
thermodynamics and that cause the impacts of disturbance to be dependent on
the history of disturbance.
Modification of methane oxidation pathways during long-term incubations of methanic lake sediments
Authors: Vigderovich Hanni , Eckert Werner , Elul Michal , Rubin-Blum Maxim , Elvert Marcus , Sivan Orit
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is one of the major processes limiting the release of the greenhouse gas methane from natural environments. In Lake Kinneret sediments, iron-coupled AOM (Fe-AOM) was suggested to play a substantial role (10–15 % relative to methanogenesis) in the methanic zone (> 20 cm sediment depth), based on geochemical profiles and experiments on fresh sediments. Apparently, the oxidation of methane is mediated by a combination of mcr gene bearing archaea and aerobic bacterial methanotrophs. Here we aimed to investigate the survival of this complex microbial interplay under controlled conditions. We followed the AOM process during long-term (~18 months) anaerobic slurry experiments of these methanic sediments with two stages of incubations and additions of 13C-labeled methane, multiple electron acceptors and inhibitors. After these incubation stages carbon isotope measurements in the dissolved inorganic pool still showed considerable AOM (3–8 % relative to methanogenesis). Specific lipid carbon isotope measurements and metagenomic analyses indicate that after the prolonged incubation aerobic methanotrophic bacteria were no longer involved in the oxidation process, whereas mcr gene bearing archaea were most likely responsible for oxidizing the methane. Humic substances and iron oxides are likely electron acceptors to support this oxidation, whereas sulfate, manganese, nitrate, and nitrite did not support the AOM in these methanic sediments. Our results suggest in the natural lake sediments methanotrophic bacteria are responsible for part of the methane oxidation by the reduction of combined micro levels of oxygen and iron oxides in a cryptic cycle, while the rest of the methane is converted by reverse methanogenesis. After long-term incubation, the latter prevails without bacterial methanotropic activity and with a different iron reduction pathway.
Climate changes and the formation of fluvial terraces in central Amazonia
Authors: do Prado Ariel Henrique , de Almeida Renato Paes , Galeazzi Crisitano Padalino , Sacek Victor , Schlunegger Fritz
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Climate changes have been considered as an essential factor controlling the shaping of the recent alluvial landscapes in central Amazonia, with implications for explaining the biogeographic patterns in the region. This landscape is characterized by wide floodplains and various terrace levels at different elevations. A set of older terraces with ages between 50’000 and > 200’000 yrs occupy the higher portions of central Amanzonia, whereas multiple terraces next to floodplains occur at lower elevations and display ages of a few thousands of years. These lower terraces, referred to as mid-lower terraces, reveal what can be perceived as a stochastic pattern both in space and time. Despite the widespread occurrence of these geomorphic features, no process-oriented analysis has been conducted to explain their formation. Here, we develop a landscape evolution model referred to as SPASE to explicitly account for fluvial erosion and deposition in combination with lateral channel migration to explore the controls on terrace development. The model results show that the higher terraces were deposited under the condition of a higher base-level for the basins upstream of the confluence between the Solimões and Negro Rivers. The subsequent decrease in the base level initiated a phase of gradual incision, thereby resulting in the current fluvial configuration. The model also predicts that high-frequency climate changes yielded in the construction of mid-lower terraces at various elevations, which however, are all situated at lower elevation than the higher terrace levels. Our model shows that dry-to-wet shifts in climate, in relation to the modern situation, yield a landscape architecture where mid-lower terrace levels are better preserved than wet-to-dry changes in climate, again if the current situation is considered as reference. Finally, our results show that fast and widespread landscape changes possibly occurred in response to high-frequency climate changes in central Amazonia, at least since the Late Pleistocene, with great implications for the distribution and connectivity of different biotic environments in the region. Because of this short time scale of response to external perturbations, we suggest that the streams in Central Amazonia possibly also respond in rapid and sensitive ways to human perturbations.
Influence of synchronization within a sensor network on machine learning results
Authors: Dorst Tanja , Robin Yannick , Eichstädt Sascha , Schütze Andreas , Schneider Tizian
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Process sensor data allow for not only the control of industrial processes but also an assessment of plant conditions to detect fault conditions and wear by using sensor fusion and machine learning (ML). A fundamental problem is the data quality, which is limited, inter alia, by time synchronization problems. To examine the influence of time synchronization within a distributed sensor system on the prediction performance, a test bed for end-of-line tests, lifetime prediction, and condition monitoring of electromechanical cylinders is considered. The test bed drives the cylinder in a periodic cycle at maximum load, a 1 s period at constant drive speed is used to predict the remaining useful lifetime (RUL). The various sensors for vibration, force, etc. integrated into the test bed are sampled at rates between 10 kHz and 1 MHz. The sensor data are used to train a classification ML model to predict the RUL with a resolution of 1 % based on feature extraction, feature selection, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) projection. In this contribution, artificial time shifts of up to 50 ms between individual sensors' cycles are introduced, and their influence on the performance of the RUL prediction is investigated. While the ML model achieves good results if no time shifts are introduced, we observed that applying the model trained with unmodified data only to data sets with time shifts results in very poor performance of the RUL prediction even for small time shifts of 0.1 ms. To achieve an acceptable performance also for time-shifted data and thus achieve a more robust model for application, different approaches were investigated. One approach is based on a modified feature extraction approach excluding the phase values after Fourier transformation; a second is based on extending the training data set by including artificially time-shifted data. This latter approach is thus similar to data augmentation used to improve training of neural networks.