bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverse expression patterns of the EMT suppressor grainyhead‐like 2 (GRHL2) in normal and tumour tissues
Authors: Riethdorf Sabine , Frey Sabrina , Santjer Sonja , Stoupiec Malgorzata , Otto Benjamin , Riethdorf Lutz , Koop Christina , Wilczak Waldemar , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Pantel Klaus , Assmann Volker
Published: September 2015

The transcription factor grainyhead‐like 2 (GRHL2) plays a crucial role in various developmental processes. Although GRHL2 recently has attracted considerable interest in that it could be identified as a novel suppressor of the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, evidence is emerging that GRHL2 also exhibits tumour‐promoting activities. Aim of the present study therefore was to help defining the relevance of GRHL2 for human cancers by performing a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of GRHL2 expression in normal (n = 608) and (n = 3,143) tumour tissues using tissue microarrays. Consistent with its accepted role in epithelial morphogenesis, GRHL2 expression preferentially but not exclusively was observed in epithelial cells. Regenerative and proliferating epithelial cells with stem cell features showed a strong GRHL2 expression. Highly complex GRHL2 expression patterns indicative of both reduced and elevated GRHL2 expression in tumours, possibly reflecting potential tumour‐suppressing as well as oncogenic functions of GRHL2 in distinct human tumours, were observed. A dysregulation of GRHL2 expression for the first time was found in tumours of non‐epithelial origin (e.g., astrocytomas, melanomas). We also report GRHL2 copy number gains which, however, did not necessarily translate into increased GRHL2 expression levels in cancer cells. Results obtained by meta‐analysis of gene expression microarray data in conjunction with functional assays demonstrating a direct regulation of HER3 expression further point to a potential therapeutic relevance of GRHL2 in ovarian cancer. Hopefully, the results presented in this study may pave the way for a better understanding of the yet largely unknown function of GRHL2 in the initiation, progression and also therapy of cancers.
Body size across the life course and prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study
Authors: Möller Elisabeth , Wilson Kathryn M. , Batista Julie L. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Bälter Katarina , Giovannucci Edward
Published: September 2015

Current evidence of an association between body size and prostate cancer is conflicting, possibly due to differential effects of body size across the lifespan and the heterogeneity of the disease. We therefore examined childhood and adult body size in relation to total incident prostate cancer and prognostic subtypes in a prospective cohort of 47,491 US men in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. We assessed adult height, body mass index (BMI) in early and middle‐to‐late adulthood, adult waist circumference, and body shape at age 10. With follow‐up from 1986 to 2010, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer using Cox proportional hazards models. We identified 6,183 incident cases. Tallness was associated with increased risk of advanced‐stage tumors, particularly fatal disease (RR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.23–2.23, highest vs. lowest quintile, ptrend < 0.001). High BMI at age 21 was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–0.98, BMI ≥26 vs. 20–21.9, ptrend = 0.01) and with fatal and advanced disease. The association for late adult BMI differed by age (pinteraction < 0.001); high BMI was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.51–0.78, BMI ≥30 vs. 21–22.9, ptrend<0.001) and with non‐advanced and less aggressive tumors among men ≤65 years, whereas no association was seen among men >65 years. Adult waist circumference was weakly inversely associated with less aggressive disease. Childhood obesity was unclearly related to risk. Our study confirms tall men to be at increased risk of fatal and advanced prostate cancer. The influence of adiposity varies by prognostic disease subtype and by age. The relationship between body size and prostate cancer is complex. Body size changes progressively throughout life and consequent effects on prostate cancer risk may be associated with related changes in hormonal and metabolic pathways. This large prospective study examined potential associations between the risk of various prostate cancer subtypes and multiple anthropometric measures at different ages in men. Tallness was confirmed to be associated with an elevated risk of advanced prostate cancer, particularly fatal disease. The extent to which body weight influenced risk varied according to factors such as age and disease subtype.
DBU Acetate Mediated: One‐pot Multi Component Syntheses of Dihydropyrano[3,2‐c]quinolones
Authors: Bhupathi Rajasekar , Madhu Bandi , Devi B. Rama , Reddy Ch. Venkata Ramana , Dubey P. K.
Published: September 2015

Three‐component reaction involving condensation of 1‐methylquinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione(1), aromatic aldehydes (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h) and malononitrile/cyanoaceticester (3a, 3b) in{(1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]‐undec‐7‐en‐8‐ium acetate)}[DBU][Ac] as task‐specific ionic liquid leading to the efficient synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2‐c]quinolones (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l, 4m, 4n, 4o, 4p) is described. This approach is convenient, mild, and affords the products in high yields without the use of column chromatography.
Secular trends in Acinetobacter baumannii resistance in respiratory and blood stream specimens in the United States, 2003 to 2012: A survey study
Authors: Zilberberg Marya D. , Kollef Marin H. , Shorr Andrew F.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has evolved a variety of resistance mechanisms and exhibits unpredictable susceptibility patterns, making it difficult to select empiric therapy.

OBJECTIVE

To examine US secular trends in the resistance of AB in respiratory infections and blood stream infections (BSI) to antimicrobial agents whose effectiveness is supported in the literature

DESIGN

Survey.

METHODS

We analyzed 3 time periods (2003–2005, 2006–2008, 2009–2012) in Eurofins' The Surveillance Network for resistance of AB to the following antimicrobials: carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem), aminoglycosides (tobramycin, amikacin), tetracyclines (minocycline, doxycycline), polymyxins (colistin, polymyxin B), ampicillin‐sulbactam, and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to ≥3 drug classes defined multidrug resistance (MDR).

RESULTS

We identified 39,320 AB specimens (81.1% respiratory, 18.9% BSI). The highest prevalence of resistance was to doripenem (90.3%) followed by trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (55.3%), and the lowest to colistin (5.3%). Resistance to carbapenems (21.0% in 2003–2005 and 47.9% in 2009–2012) and colistin (2.8% in 2006–2008 to 6.9% in 2009–2012) more than doubled. Prevalence of MDR AB rose from 21.4% in 2003 to 2005 to 33.7% in 2006 to 2008, and remained stable at 35.2% in 2009 to 2012. In contrast, resistance to minocycline diminished from 56.5% (2003–2005) to 30.5% (2009–2012). MDR organisms were most frequent in nursing homes (46.5%), followed by general ward (29.2%), intensive care unit (28.7%), and outpatient setting (26.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Resistance rates among AB to such last‐resort antimicrobials as carbapenems and colistin are on the rise, whereas that to minocycline has declined. Nursing homes are a reservoir of resistant AB. These trends should inform not only empiric treatment of serious infections, but also approaches to infection control. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:21–26. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A multi‐institutional analysis of 429 patients undergoing major hepatectomy for colorectal cancer liver metastases: The impact of concomitant bile duct resection on survival
Authors: Postlewait Lauren M. , Squires Malcolm H. , Kooby David A. , Weber Sharon M. , Scoggins Charles R. , Cardona Kenneth , Cho Clifford S. , Martin Robert C.G. , Winslow Emily R. , Maithel Shishir K.
Published: September 2015

Background

Data are lacking on long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing major hepatectomy requiring bile duct resection (BDR) for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Methods

Patients who underwent major hepatectomy (≥3 segments) for metastatic colorectal cancer from 2000–2010 at three US academic institutions were included. The primary outcome was disease‐specific survival (DSS).

Results

Of 429 patients, nine (2.1%) underwent BDR, which was associated with pre‐operative portal vein embolization (25.0% vs. 4.3%; P = 0.049). There were no significant differences in age, ASA class, margin status, number of lesions, tumor size, cirrhosis, perineural invasion, or lymphovascular invasion. BDR was independently associated with increased postoperative major complications (OR: 6.22; 95%CI:1.44–26.97; P = 0.015). There were no differences in length of stay, reoperation, readmission, or 30‐day mortality. Patients who underwent BDR had markedly decreased DSS (9.3 vs. 39.9 mo; P = 0.002). When accounting for differences between the two groups, the need for BDR was independently associated with reduced DSS (HR: 3.06; 95%CI:1.12–8.34; P = 0.029).

Conclusion

Major hepatectomy with concomitant bile duct resection is seldom performed in patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases and is associated with higher major morbidity and reduced disease‐specific survival compared to major hepatectomy alone. Stringent selection criteria should be applied when patients may need bile duct resection during hepatectomy for colorectal cancer liver metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:524–528. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tailored Chemical Surface Modifications of Different Types of Thermoplastic Materials for Microfluidic Applications
Authors: Nagel Jürgen , Weißpflog Janek , Kroschwald Felix , Heinrich Gert
Published: September 2015

The high temperature of the melt during thermoplastic processing is utilized for the surface modification of thermoplastic parts. The approach is demonstrated for polycarbonate as a reactive polymer and polystyrene as a non‐reactive polymer. In case of polycarbonate, a polyamine is coupled to the polymer surface by chemical reaction. Functionalized latex beads are used for polystyrene, which are attached to the polymer surface by interdiffusion. Both surfaces adsorb selectively anionic or cationic dyes, respectively. The dyes are used as model compounds to demonstrate the potential of the surface modification approach for the fabrication of microfluidic parts. Those parts may be used for purification, accumulation, and reaction processes.
Ultrasonographic diaphragm thickness correlates with compound muscle action potential amplitude and forced vital capacity
Authors: Noda Yoshikatsu , Sekiguchi Kenji , Kohara Nobuo , Kanda Fumio , Toda Tatsushi
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Noninvasive evaluation of respiratory function in patients with various neuromuscular disorders is important for predicting life expectancy. Methods: We performed B‐mode ultrasonography (USG) and nerve conduction studies in 37 patients (16 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; 11, myopathy; and 10, neuropathy) and 10 controls. USG of the diaphragm was performed in the supine position using a linear probe over the intercostal space at the anterior axillary line. Diaphragm muscle thickness was measured at end‐expiration. The amplitude of diaphragm compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) was obtained by phrenic nerve stimulation with a surface electrode. Respiratory function was measured with standard pulmonary function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC). Results: Diaphragm thickness was significantly correlated with FVC (r = 0.74) and CMAP amplitude (r = 0.53). Conclusions: Diaphragm USG is useful for objective evaluation of pulmonary function in neuromuscular disorders without requiring undue patient effort or cooperation. Muscle Nerve 53: 522–527, 2016
Predictors for a positive outcome of adapted clinical dry bed training in adolescents and adults with enuresis
Authors: Hofmeester Ilse , Kollen Boudewijn J. , Steffens Martijn G. , van Capelle Jan Willem , Mulder Zwaan , Feitz Wouter F. J. , Blanker Marco H.
Published: September 2015

Aims

Adapted Dry Bed Training (Adapted DBT) has been shown to be effective in therapy‐resistant adolescents and adults with enuresis. Given the substantial impact of enuresis and the time‐consuming nature of Adapted DBT, we investigated which patients benefited most from Adapted DBT. Therefore, we identified predictors for a successful treatment response to Adapted DBT in this population.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study in 907 consecutive patients, aged 11–42 years, subjected to in‐hospital Adapted DBT in our Dry Bed Center between January 2003 and July 2013. Outcome was defined as treatment success after six months (primary outcome) and six weeks. Results of logistic regression analyses are presented in odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Predictors for a successful treatment response to Adapted DBT in adolescents and adults with enuresis after six months are: gender (female), initial degree of enuresis (mild: 0–3 nights/week), current diaper use, never used anticholinergics in the past, and degree of enuresis six weeks after training. Predictors for successful treatment response after six weeks are: gender and initial degree of enuresis only.

Limitation

The low explained variance of our model, showing that many other factors, not included in our study, could be of interest in the prediction of success.

Conclusions

Several factors that predicted a successful treatment response of Adapted DBT after six weeks and six months were identified. However, the low explained variance of our model suggests that other non‐identified factors are also important in predicting outcome. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:1006–1010, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On‐line multivariate optimization of injection molding
Authors: Johnston Stephen , McCready Christopher , Hazen Daniel , VanDerwalker Darin , Kazmer David
Published: September 2015

An auxiliary process controller was designed, implemented, and validated for on‐line process and quality optimization. The objective function included terms related to the process variation, model uncertainty, and control energy. The controller architecture relied on characterized models including both process transfer functions and principal components analysis to perform on‐line optimization in parallel with the physical molding process. New process and quality observations were input to the controller to update the models and provided new settings for the machine controller. Experimentation included characterization with a D‐optimal design of experiments followed by a validation to measure the controller's performance with respect to controller stability, extrinsic material variation, cycle time reduction, and other common manufacturing goals. In every case, the controller was able to reduce the value of the objective function while also improving the part dimensions relative to tight tolerance specifications. While characterization experiments could be costly, the use of the resulting process models greatly speeds convergence and facilitates the consideration of various cost and quality terms in the objective function. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2743–2750, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability of phenolic‐formaldehyde foam/silica nanocomposites via in situ polymerization
Authors: Li Qiulong , Chen Lin , Zhang Jinjin , Zheng Kang , Zhang Xian , Fang Fei , Tian Xingyou
Published: September 2015

Phenolic foam (PF) displays excellent flame, smoke, and toxicity (FST) properties and good insulation properties. Nevertheless, the friability and inferior mechanical properties of PF have critically restricted its application in many fields. A series of phenolic foam/silica nanocomposites (MPF) with different silica contents were synthesized by in situ polymerization in this study. During the in situ polymerization process, the synthesis of phenolic resin/silica nanocomposites and formation of chemical bonding between the components were generated simultaneously. The reactive principle between silica nanoparticles and prepolymer was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results of FTIR indicated existence of the chemical reaction between them. Meanwhile, silica can act as “bridge” to form crosslinked network structure. The mechanical, thermal, and friability properties of MPF nanocomposites were characterized. Moreover, the results of microstructure of pure PF and MPFs indicated that the cell size distributions of MPFs are narrower, the cell distributions of MPFs are more uniform, and the cell wall thickness of MPFs is thicker, compared with pure PF. When the content of silica sol was 2 wt%, the compressive strength, compressive modulus, and tensile strength were increased by a factor of 47.37%, 38.55%, and 57.14% compared with that of pure PF, respectively. Furthermore, all MPF nanocomposites exhibited better thermal stability and lower pulverization ratio than that of pure PF. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2783–2793, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Who Turns Green with Envy? Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives on Dispositional Envy
Authors: Rentzsch Katrin , Gross James J.
Published: September 2015

Previous research has conceptualized dispositional envy as a general construct that does not vary across comparison domains. In five studies (N = 1393), we examine dispositional envy as a domain–specific construct. In Study 1, we present the development of a domain–specific measure of dispositional envy. Across samples from different populations and two countries (Studies 2 and 3), the measure is shown to have good reliability, construct validity and stability over three months, highlighting the trait–like character of the construct. State levels of envy were also examined in the academic domain (Study 4) and in dyadic interactions between unacquainted participants (Study 5). Results show a Person × Situation Interaction effect (i.e. Dispositional Envy × Situation) on experiences of envy. By placing domain–specific dispositional envy into a network of similar and dissimilar constructs, the current findings serve as a foundation for drawing conclusions about the nature of dispositional envy. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Major depressive disorder, personality disorders, and coping strategies are independent risk factors for lower quality of life in non‐metastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: Brunault Paul , Champagne Anne‐Laure , Huguet Grégoire , Suzanne Isabelle , Senon Jean‐Louis , Body Gilles , Rusch Emmanuel , Magnin Guillaume , Voyer Mélanie , Réveillère Christian , Camus Vincent
Published: September 2015

Objective

Our aim was to identify risk factors for lower quality of life (QOL) in non‐metastatic breast cancer patients.

Methods

Our study included 120 patients from the University Hospital Centers of Tours and Poitiers. This cross‐sectional study was conducted 7 months after patients' breast cancer diagnosis and assessed QOL (Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 = QLQ‐C30), socio‐demographic characteristics, coping strategies (Brief‐COPE), physiological and biological variables (e.g., initial tumor severity and types of treatment received), the existence of major depressive disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and pain severity (Questionnaire de Douleur Saint Antoine). We assessed personality disorders 3 months after diagnosis (Vragenlijst voor Kenmerken van de Persoonlijkheid questionnaire). We used multiple linear regression models to determine which factors were associated with physical, emotional, and global QOL.

Results

Lower physical QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, younger age, a more severe initial tumor stage, and the use of the behavioral disengagement coping. Lower emotional QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self‐blame, and lower use of acceptance coping strategies. Lower global QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self‐blame, lower use of positive reframing coping strategies, and an absence of hormone therapy.

Conclusions

Lower QOL scores were more strongly associated with variables related to the individual's premorbid psychological characteristics and the manner in which this individual copes with the cancer (e.g., depression, personality, and coping) than to cancer‐related variables (e.g., treatment types and cancer severity). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and far‐field optical properties of self‐organized bimetallic Aux‐Ag1–x nanoparticles embedded in alumina thin films
Authors: Yazidi S. , Fafin A. , Rousselet S. , Pailloux F. , Camelio S. , Babonneau D.
Published: September 2015

Self‐organized Aux‐Ag1–x nanoparticles were produced by grazing‐angle deposition using alternating sources on alumina nanoripple patterns. Structural and far‐field optical studies showed that periodic chains of Aux‐Ag1–x alloy nanoparticles with small interparticle gaps and strong plasmonic dichroism can be successfully created after thermal annealing under vacuum between 400 °C and 700 °C. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐dependent luminescence of Tb3+ and Eu3+ single‐doped glasses for LED applications
Authors: Loos Sebastian , Steudel Franziska , Ahrens Bernd , Lee Leonard Russell , Johnson Jacqueline Anne , Schweizer Stefan
Published: September 2015

Tb3+ and Eu3+ single‐doped barium borate glass and ZBLAN glass are investigated for their photoluminescence (PL) and absolute PL quantum efficiency. In addition, both glass systems are characterized with respect to their color stability in the temperature range from 25 °C to 400 °C.

The Tb3+ doped glass shows high color stability over the entire temperature range investigated, whereas the Eu3+ doped glass changes its color appearance with increasing temperature: Eu3+ in ZBLAN glass changes its color appearance from the orange to the red spectral range, whereas the color appearance in borate glass is shifted from the red to the orange‐red spectral range. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of oxidation effect on the photoluminescence in p‐type nanostructured silicon
Authors: Vargas C. , Corrales A. , Ramírez‐Cortés T. , Ramírez‐Porras A.
Published: September 2015

Porous silicon samples containing crystallites in the nanometer scale are produced and treated with an oxidizing solution. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and contact angle (CA) measurements on these samples are recorded. ATR and CA results are compared to extract information concerning the oxidation degree of the surfaces. PL spectra are deconvolved into nanocrystal structures and surface states contributions by the use of the stochastic quantum confinement model (SQCM). A correlation between nanocrystals sizes and oxidation layer presence is obtained. This result could be important for eventual PL device development based on this semiconductor material. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Higher-Order Abstraction Principles
Authors: Mount Beau Madison ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2015

I extend theorems due to Roy Cook (2009) on third- and higher-order versions of abstraction principles and discuss the philosophical importance of results of this type. Cook demonstrated that the satisfiability of certain higher-order analogues of Hume’s Principle is independent of ZFC. I show that similar analogues of Boolos’s NEWV and Cook’s own ordinal abstraction principle SOAP are not satisfiable at all. I argue, however, that these results do not tell significantly against the second-order versions of these principles.
Challenges of Pre‐ and Post‐Test Counseling for Orthodox Jewish Individuals in the Premarital Phase
Authors: Rose E. , Schreiber‐Agus N. , Bajaj K. , Klugman S. , Goldwaser T.
Published: September 2015

The Jewish community has traditionally taken ownership of its health, and has taken great strides to raise awareness about genetic issues that affect the community, such as Tay‐Sachs disease and Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome. Thanks in part to these heightened awareness efforts, many Orthodox Jewish individuals are now using genetics services as they begin to plan their families. Due to unique cultural and religious beliefs and perceptions, the Orthodox Jewish patients who seek genetic counseling face many barriers to a successful counseling session, and often seek the guidance of programs such as the Program for Jewish Genetic Health (PJGH). In this article, we present clinical vignettes from the PJGH's clinical affiliate, the Reproductive Genetics practice at the Montefiore Medical Center. These cases highlight unique features of contemporary premarital counseling and screening within the Orthodox Jewish Community, including concerns surrounding stigma, disclosure, “marriageability,” the use of reproductive technologies, and the desire to include a third party in decision making. Our vignettes demonstrate the importance of culturally‐sensitive counseling. We provide strategies and points to consider when addressing the challenges of pre‐ and post‐test counseling as it relates to genetic testing in this population.
Stories as Gift: Patient Narratives and the Development of Empathy
Authors: Spencer Anne C.
Published: September 2015

Critical thought and assessment of medical, emotional, and social problems faced by patients is central to genetic counselor training and development. However, primary emphasis on these critical problem‐solving approaches can interfere with the development of empathic listening skills. Using a narrative medicine approach, I describe how learning to reframe one patient's story of healing as a gift allowed me to become a more open and empathic listener. Ultimately, the empathy and understanding that I learned from this patient's narrative added to what previous patients had taught me and helped me assist other patients (and myself) in identifying and nurturing healing narratives for people coping with illness and grief. The approach presented here emphasizes the importance of recognizing patients as valuable teachers in the development of higher‐level empathy skills.
Mono‐, Di‐ and Tetra‐Cationic Surfactants as Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Hegazy M. A. , Abd El‐Rehim S. S. , Badr E. A. , Kamel W. M. , Youssif Ahmed H.
Published: September 2015

Corrosion inhibition of three new synthesized cationic surfactants, N‐(2‐(((Z)‐4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)but‐3‐en‐1‐yl)amino)ethyl)‐N‐(2‐((E)‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)amino)ethyl)dodecan‐1‐aminium bromide I(4N), N1,N2‐didodecyl‐N1‐((Z)‐4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)but‐3‐en‐1‐yl)‐N2‐(2‐((E)‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)amino)ethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diaminium bromide II(4N) and 1‐dodecyl‐4‐((E)‐((2‐(dodecyl(2‐(dodecyl((Z)‐4‐(1‐dodecylpyridin‐1‐ium‐4‐yl)but‐3‐en‐1‐yl)ammonio)ethyl)ammonio)ethyl)imino)methyl)pyridin‐1‐ium bromide IV(4N) on carbon steel was investigated by weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements. Results show that the synthesized cationic surfactants inhibit corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl. The inhibitive action occurs by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Polarization curves reveal that the investigated cationic surfactants can be classified as mixed inhibitor types. The variations in the corrosion inhibition efficiency between three cationic surfactants are correlated with their chemical structures, with more hydrophobic surfactants yielding higher inhibition efficiency.
Discussing dissection in anatomy education
Authors: Bergman Esther M.
Published: September 2015

None
Do Results of Surveillance Cultures Impact the Choice of Empirical Antibiotics Among Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections?
Authors: Rosa Rossana , Castro Jose , Latibeaudiere Rachel , Namias Nicholas , Munoz-Price L. Silvia
Published: September 2015

We aimed to determine whether the results of surveillance cultures were associated with use of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy among patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. We found that surveillance status was not associated with appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (P=.36). There were significant delays to concordant therapy among surveillance-positive patients (P=.03).

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1455–1457
Clinical predictors of involuntary detention among voluntary inpatients in St Patrick’s University Hospital (SPUH)
Authors: Masood B. , O’Ceallaigh S. , Thekiso T. , Nichol M. , Kowalska-Beda P. , Murphy M. , Creedon J. , Maher T. , McLoughlin D. , Kennedy N.
Published: September 2015

Background

Few studies have described clinical characteristics of patients subject to an involuntary detention in an Irish context. The Irish Mental Health Act 2001 makes provision under Section 23(1), whereby a person who has voluntary admission status can be detained.

Aims

This study aimed to describe all involuntary admissions to St Patrick’s University Hospital (SPUH) (2011–2013) and to evaluate clinical characteristics of voluntary patients who underwent Mental Health Act assessment during 2011 to determine differences in those who had involuntary admission orders completed and those who did not.

Methods

All uses of Mental Health Act 2001 within SPUH 2011–2013 were identified. All uses of Section 23(1) during 2011 were reviewed and relevant documents/case-notes examined using a pro forma covering clinical data, factors recognized to influence involuntary admissions and validated scales were used to determine diagnoses, insight, suicide and violence risk.

Results

Over 2011–2013, 2.5–3.8% of all admissions were involuntary with more detained after use of Section 23(1) than Section 14(2). The majority of initiations of Section 23(1) did not result in an involuntary admission (72%), occurred out of hours (52%) and many occurred early after admission (<1 week, 43%). Initiation of Section 23(1) by a consultant psychiatrist (p=0.001), suicide risk (p=0.03) and lack of patient insight into treatment (p=0.007) predicted conversion to involuntary admission.

Conclusion

This study predicts a role for patient insight, suicide risk and consultant psychiatrist decision making in the initiation of Mental Health Act assessment of voluntary patients. Further data describing the involuntary admissions process in an Irish setting are needed.
The socio-demographic and clinical profiles of patients admitted to the Sligo District Lunatic Asylum in the late 19th century with some modern comparisons
Authors: Walsh D. , Daly A.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this paper has been to identify and describe the demographic, social and clinical characteristics of persons admitted to an Irish district lunatic asylum in the late 19th century as exemplified by the records of the Sligo District Lunatic Asylum. Some 21st century comparisons and epidemiological considerations from the same catchment area have been attempted.

Method

The register entries and case books of a series of consecutive admissions to Sligo District Asylum during the decade 1892–1901 were surveyed in the Irish National Archive.

Conclusions

Most admitted patients were of lower socio-economic status, the majority male, poorly literate, unmarried and described as suffering from mania or melancholia. Most were first admissions. The predominant (62.5%) reason given for admission was for assault or threat of assault. These admissions were by order of the Lord Lieutenant as ‘dangerous lunatics’. Although it may be maintained that this admission process was a device of social convenience to maintain the peace and integrity of local communities and the convenience of families, clinical information indicates that the majority of admissions had symptoms of mental disorder recognisable in terms of 21st century psychiatric diagnostics.
Effects of repeated asenapine in a battery of tests for anxiety-like behaviours in mice
Authors: Ene Hila M , Kara Nirit Z , Barak Noa , Reshef Ben-Mordechai Tal , Einat Haim
Published: September 2015

Objective

A number of atypical antipsychotic drugs were demonstrated to have anxiolytic effects in patients and in animal models. These effects were mostly suggested to be the consequence of the drugs’ affinity to the serotonin system and its receptors. Asenapine is a relatively new atypical antipsychotic that is prescribed for schizophrenia and for bipolar mania. Asenapine has a broad pharmacological profile with significant effects on serotonergic receptors, hence it is reasonable to expect that asenapine may have some anxiolytic effects. The present study was therefore designed to examine possible effects of asenapine on anxiety-like behaviour of mice.

Method

Male ICR mice were repeatedly treated with 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg injections of asenapine and then tested in a battery of behavioural tests related to anxiety including the open-field test, elevated plus-maze (EPM), defensive marble burying and hyponeophagia tests. In an adjunct experiment, we tested the effects of acute diazepam in the same test battery.

Results

The results show that diazepam reduced anxiety-like behaviour in the EPM, the defensive marble burying test and the hyponeophagia test but not in the open field. Asenapine has anxiolytic-like effects in the EPM and the defensive marble burying tests but had no effects in the open-field or the hyponeophagia tests. Asenapine had no effects on locomotor activity.

Conclusion

The results suggest that asenapine may have anxiolytic-like properties and recommends that clinical trials examining such effects should be performed.
Greek Literature
Authors: Heath Malcolm
Published: September 2015

In the latest Cambridge Green and Yellow Homer, Angus Bowie tackles Odyssey 13–14, intent on ‘rescuing the reputation of these books’ (ix): a worthy project, to which he makes a significant contribution. He has good things to say on the dovetailing of the two parts of the epic, and provides illuminating analyses of some of the conversations in Book 14. He places particular stress on the major roles given to lower-status characters, in which he discerns ‘a new type of epic’ (16) – a phrase qualified by a cautious question mark. Caution is abandoned, however, when he goes on to say that ‘the ideology of the Odyssey…represents a parity of status of the rich and poor’ (22): the hyperbolic ‘parity’ distracts from a valid underlying point. As in his commentary on Herodotus 8 (G&R 56 [2009], 99), Bowie is generous in providing linguistic support. In this case, perhaps over-generous: is the attention paid to historical linguistics disproportionate to student needs? It is true that ‘if one has an idea of how linguistic forms and constructions came about, they are more comprehensible and so easier to learn and retain’ (ix); my own Greek teacher applied the principle to good effect – but less relentlessly, and with a lighter touch. (The introductory section on Homeric language has four subsections, the third of which has up to five nested sublevels: incorrect cross-references in the glossary under ‘grade’ and ‘laryngeal’ suggest that even Bowie struggled with this elaborate hierarchy.) Some points are forced. When the Phaeacians put Odysseus ashore asleep in a blanket, Bowie comments: ‘Od. is treated almost like a tiny child coming swaddled into the world for the first time; again, the idea of a new start is evoked’ (117): I am not a qualified midwife, but am fairly sure that babies do not come into the world ready-wrapped and slumbering soundly. In his note on 13.268 Bowie cites three passages in the Iliad in which ambush ‘is presented as a cowardly tactic’: one is about the use of distance weapons, not ambush (11.365–95), while the other two celebrate the target's victory without reference to the ambushers’ courage or lack of it (4.391–8, 6.188–90). Ambushes are hard to execute successfully, and therefore dangerous. That is why the best men are chosen for operations of this kind (6.188–90, 13.276–86), and why Achilles is not paying Agamemnon a compliment when he claims that he takes no part in them (1.227–8).
INFLACIÓN Y NIVELES DE VIDA EN SEVILLA DURANTE LA REVOLUCIÓN DE LOS PRECIOS
Authors: González-Mariscal Manuel
Published: September 2015

In this article I present new calculations for the evolution of prices and standards of living in Seville from 1521 to 1603. Using new data on prices and new research on changes in nutrition and consumption, I improve the consumer price index. Two major improvements can be highlighted: the inclusion of rented housing prices and the use of three baskets of goods, according to the transformations identified in the consumption patterns. As a result of these improvements, the new data show that prices increase more (336%) than previously estimated by Hamilton (155%) and when using the Allen method (234%). Consequently, real wages decrease more with the new index (32%).
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR LUNG CANCER TREATMENT: PATIENT VERSUS GENERAL PUBLIC VALUES
Authors: Thongprasert Sumitra , Crawford Bruce , Sakulbumrungsil Rungpetch , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Petcharapiruch Sirinthip , Leartsakulpanitch Jittrakul , Permsuwan Unchalee
Published: September 2015

Objectives: Lung cancer has been the most common cancer since 1985, accounting for 12–13 percent of cancer cases worldwide. Newer targeted therapies with potential increased survival benefits may not be affordable to patients. Many countries use arbitrary thresholds to determine whether a medical intervention is cost-effective. As such, many effective, albeit expensive, therapies are not being reimbursed. To understand the value placed on effective therapies, this study evaluates the patient and public willingness to pay (WTP) for a quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) for lung cancer treatments using Thailand as an example.

Methods: A total of 300 subjects responded to hypothetical lung cancer health states, described by three levels of severity and two levels of side effects, and provided their valuation of the level of quality of life and their WTP to improve from one state to another.

Results: The patients with the lowest income and general public were willing to pay more than twice the threshold for acceptability in Thailand (US Dollar 5,123/QALY [Thai Baht 160,000/QALY]). This increased significantly by wealth category. Patients’ WTP was associated with quality of life, financial difficulties, health insurance, diarrhea, and wealth.

Conclusions: The current study highlights the value patients and general public place on effective lung cancer therapies.
Fruit resource tracking by hornbill species at multiple scales in a tropical forest in India
Authors: Naniwadekar Rohit , Mishra Charudutt , Datta Aparajita
Published: September 2015

The fruit-tracking hypothesis predicts a positive association between frugivores and fruit abundance over space and time. We documented hornbill diets and examined the relationship between fruit abundance and abundance of three hornbill species (Buceros bicornis, Rhyticeros undulatus and Aceros nipalensis) in the Eastern Himalaya from 2009–2012. The study was carried out at three scales: at the largest scale of the study area (15 km2), at the intermediate scale – eight 3-ha patches within the study area and at the smallest scale of individual fruiting trees. Ninety-one per cent of the 64 foraging sightings of the great hornbill were on figs while more than 50% of the foraging sightings of the wreathed (83) and rufous-necked hornbills (87) were on non-fig fruits. At the largest scale, wreathed hornbill abundance and ripe fruit abundance peaked in the non-breeding season. At the intermediate scale, wreathed hornbill abundance was positively associated with non-fig fruit availability while rufous-necked hornbill abundance was negatively associated with non-fig fruit availability. At the smallest scale, great and rufous-necked hornbill abundances were correlated with fig and non-fig fruit crop sizes, respectively. The three hornbill species track fruit availability at different scales based on diet, which has implications for their role in seed dispersal.
Ordered combinatory algebras and realizability
Authors: SANTOS WALTER FERRER , FREY JONAS , GUILLERMO MAURICIO , MALHERBE OCTAVIO , MIQUEL ALEXANDRE
Published: September 2015

We propose the new concept ofKrivine ordered combinatory algebra($\mathcal{^KOCA}$) as foundation for the categorical study of Krivine's classical realizability, as initiated by Streicher (2013).

We show that$\mathcal{^KOCA}$'s are equivalent to Streicher'sabstract Krivine structuresfor the purpose of modeling higher-order logic, in the precise sense that they give rise to the same class oftriposes. The difference between the two representations is that the elements of a$\mathcal{^KOCA}$play both the role of truth values and realizers, whereas truth values aresetsof realizers in$\mathcal{AKS}$s.

To conclude, we give a direct presentation of the realizability interpretation of a higher order language in a$\mathcal{^KOCA}$, which showcases the dual role that is played by the elements of the$\mathcal{^KOCA}$.
Current Trends in the Use of Collection Development Policies in Law Firm Libraries
Authors: Pexton Mark
Published: September 2015

Mark Pexton, of Herbert Smith Freehills LLP, provides a report on the findings of a survey into the use of Collection Development Policies (CDPs) and related collection development issues in law firm libraries. The survey was conducted during September 2014 and during the course of this article he provides an analysis of the benefits and difficulties of creating and implementing a CDP.
Searching International Company Registries Online
Authors: Brett Rachel
Published: September 2015

This article by Rachel Brett highlights the key issues to be aware of when carrying out international company searches and reviews the information available online from the national company registries for some of the key European and offshore jurisdictions including: Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the Cayman Islands and the British Virgin Islands.
The ‘Free Access to Law Movement’ in India: Supporting Legal Education, Research and Practice
Authors: Rai Priya , Akash
Published: September 2015

The internet and the World Wide Web (www) has allowed the free flow of information across countries. Peter Martin and Tom Bruce from Cornell Law School pioneered the development of the ‘Free Access to Law Movement’ around the world. The Australian Legal Information Institute and various other Legal Information Institutes (LIIs) were established by adopting the Montreal Declaration at the Law via Internet Conference held in 2002. As a member of the United Nations, India adopted the UNESCO policy guidelines for the development and promotion of governmental public domain information. In India, the National Informatics Centre has played a leading role in supporting the maintenance and dissemination of Indian government public information that is useful for legal education, research and practice. This paper by Priya Rai, and Akash, gives a brief informative overview of the ‘free access to law movement’ resources pertaining to India. These resources have been categorised for easier understanding: parliamentary resources, legislative resources, case laws, law reform reports, international treaties and legal scholarship and journals. The article also provides an overview of the Legal Information Institute of India extending its contribution to disseminating Indian legal information.
Hard Copy or Online? Balancing Books and Bytes in the Digital Age
Authors: Greening Claire
Published: September 2015

Claire Greening explores some of the challenges that library and information professionals face when weighing up hard copy and online resources. Rather than trying to establish a preferred or ‘best’ format, this article instead explores the advantages that both formats have to offer and considers how they can co-exist within the law library. The article concludes with some questions to ask when purchasing and organising resources and explores some of the practical considerations to take into account regarding training.
Institutions for getting out of the way
Authors: LANGLOIS RICHARD N.
Published: September 2015

In ‘Max U versus Humanomics: a Critique of Neoinstitutionalism’, Deirdre McCloskey tells us that culture matters – maybe more than do institutions – in explaining the Great Enrichment that some parts of the world have enjoyed over the past 200 years. But it is entrepreneurship, not culture or institutions, that is the proximate cause of economic growth. Entrepreneurship is not a hothouse flower that blooms only in a culture supportive of commercial activity; it is more like kudzu, which grows invasively unless it is cut back by culture and institutions. McCloskey needs to tell us more about the structure of the relationship among culture, institutions, and entrepreneurship, and thus to continue the grand project begun by Schumpeter.
High frequencies of antibiotic resistance genes in infants’ meconium and early fecal samples
Authors: Gosalbes M. J. , Vallès Y. , Jiménez-Hernández N. , Balle C. , Riva P. , Miravet-Verde S. , de Vries L. E. , Llop S. , Agersø Y. , Sørensen S. J. , Ballester F. , Francino M. P.
Published: September 2015

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota has been identified as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that can be horizontally transferred to pathogenic species. Maternal GIT microbes can be transmitted to the offspring, and recent work indicates that such transfer starts before birth. We have used culture-independent genetic screenings to explore whether ARGs are already present in the meconium accumulated in the GIT during fetal life and in feces of 1-week-old infants. We have analyzed resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (BLr) and tetracycline (Tcr), screening for a variety of genes conferring each. To evaluate whether ARGs could have been inherited by maternal transmission, we have screened perinatal fecal samples of the 1-week-old babies’ mothers, as well as a mother–infant series including meconium, fecal samples collected through the infant’s 1st year, maternal fecal samples and colostrum. Our results reveal a high prevalence of BLrand Tcrin both meconium and early fecal samples, implying that the GIT resistance reservoir starts to accumulate even before birth. We show that ARGs present in the mother may reach the meconium and colostrum and establish in the infant GIT, but also that some ARGs were likely acquired from other sources. Alarmingly, we identified in both meconium and 1-week-olds’ samples a particularly elevated prevalence ofmecA(>45%), six-fold higher than that detected in the mothers. ThemecA gene confers BLrto methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, and although its detection does not imply the presence of this pathogen, it does implicate the young infant’s GIT as a noteworthy reservoir of this gene.