bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ generation of acyloxyphosphoniums for mild and efficient synthesis of thioesters
Authors: Chai Te-Jung , Chiou Xin-Shun , Lin Nian-Xuan , Kuo Yu-Tsen , Lin Cheng-Kun
Published: September 2023

This study showcases a simple process that efficiently converts thiols to thioesters using in situ generated acyloxyphosphoniums from PhI(OCOR)2 and TPP.
A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Applications of Motor Learning Principles in Dysphagia Therapy in Adults in India
Authors: Dodderi Thejaswi , Muthukumar Varsha , Hedge Prasanna Suresh , Rai Santosh P. V. , Moolambally Sheetal Raj , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Kothari Mohit
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

In the study, we investigated whether speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in India use practice and feedback conditions of motor learning principles (MLPs), including biofeedback, in dysphagia therapy in adults using a problem–solution approach.

Method:

Based on a literature review and clinical experience, we developed and validated a hypothetical case involving an adult with dysphagia (representing the problem) and a purpose-built 22-item questionnaire (representing the solution). We distributed the questionnaire electronically by sending an e-mail to 2,069 SLPs and also published a flyer on the dysphagia special interest group of India.

Results:

A total of 107 SLPs anonymously submitted their responses. In practice conditions, most of the SLPs reported following massed over distributed, small over large, blocked over random, whole over part, variable over constant, and internal over external practice strategies. In feedback conditions, most of the participants reported using knowledge of results over performance, high over low, immediate over delayed, and self over therapist feedback strategies. Lastly, more than two thirds of SLPs did not use biofeedback devices for dysphagia therapy.

Conclusion:

The findings from our study indicate that SLPs in India do not adhere uniformly to the recommended practices of MLPs for dysphagia therapy in adults.
Bi‐level optimization of multi‐regional power system considering low‐carbon oriented synergy of both source and load sides
Authors: Liao Wang , Liu Dong , Wu Yufeng , Liu Tianyuan
Published: September 2023

The expansion of low‐carbon power generation has led to increased complexity in the dispatching mode of the power system. To achieve low‐carbon economic operation for multi‐regional power systems, this study proposes a decentralized dispatch architecture and a bi‐level low‐carbon economic dispatching (LCED) model. At the upper level, the model proposes a carbon emission constraint mechanism that is tailored to the coordinated operation of multiple regions, aiming to minimize the total operating cost. At the lower level, the model considers the reduction of carbon emission obligation on the load side and introduces the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory to calculate the degree of reduction in carbon emission intensity. To accommodate the decentralized autonomy and information privacy of different regions, a distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (D‐ADMM) algorithm is adopted to solve the upper‐level problem for the multi‐regional power system, enabling the fully distributed solution of the bi‐level optimization problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed bi‐level model is validated through a case study on the modified IEEE 39‐bus system, which demonstrates that the model can significantly reduce carbon emissions and improve the level of renewable power consumption.
A Wasserstein‐distance‐based distributionally robust chance constrained bidding model for virtual power plant considering electricity‐carbon trading
Authors: Fan Qiang , Liu Dong
Published: September 2023

Virtual power plant (VPP) can aggregate distributed energy resources (DER) and controllable loads to participate in the bidding of electricity market and carbon trading market. However, the uncertainty of renewable power production brings high transaction risks to VPP. Given this background, this paper proposes a novel Wasserstein‐distance based two‐stage distributionally robust chance constrained (DRCC) bidding model for VPP participating in the electricity‐carbon coupled market. The uncertainties are modelled as an ambiguity set based on Wasserstein distance, in which the two‐sided chance constraints are guaranteed satisfied. In the first stage, VPP's revenue is maximized according to the forecast information. In the second stage, the re‐dispatch measures are determined to hedge against the perturbation of uncertainties under the worst‐case distribution within the ambiguity set. Finally, a reformulation approach based on strong duality theory and conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) approximation is proposed to transform the DRCC problem into a tractable mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) framework. Case studies are carried out on the IEEE 30‐bus system to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
GA-NIFS: Black hole and host galaxy properties of twoz≃ 6.8 quasars from the NIRSpec IFU
Authors: Marshall Madeline A. , Perna Michele , Willott Chris J. , Maiolino Roberto , Scholtz Jan , Übler Hannah , Carniani Stefano , Arribas Santiago , Lützgendorf Nora , Bunker Andrew J. , Charlot Stephane , Ferruit Pierre , Jakobsen Peter , Rix Hans-Walter , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Böker Torsten , Cameron Alex J. , Cresci Giovanni , Curtis-Lake Emma , Jones Gareth C. , Kumari Nimisha , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Reed Sophie L.
Published: September 2023

Aims.Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) with JWST NIRSpec will significantly improve our understanding of the first quasars, by providing spatially resolved, infrared spectroscopic capabilities that cover key rest-frame optical emission lines that have been previously unobservable.

Methods.Here we present our results from the first twoz > 6 quasars observed as a part of the Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec IFS (GA-NIFS) GTO programme, with DELS J0411–0907 atz = 6.82 and VDES J0020–3653 atz = 6.86.

Results.By observing the Hβ, [O III]λλ4959, 5007, and Hαemission lines in these high-zquasars for the first time, we measured accurate black hole masses,MBH = 1.85−0.8+2 × 109 M⊙and 2.9−1.3+3.5 × 109M⊙, corresponding to Eddington ratios ofλEdd = 0.8−0.4+0.7and 0.4−0.2+0.3for DELS J0411–0907 and VDES J0020–3653, respectively. These provide a key comparison for existing estimates from the more uncertain Mg IIline. We performed quasar–host decomposition using models of the quasars’ broad lines to measure the underlying host galaxies. We also discovered multiple emission line regions surrounding each of the host galaxies, which are likely companion galaxies undergoing mergers with these hosts. We measured the star formation rates, excitation mechanisms, and dynamical masses of the hosts and companions, measuring theMBH/Mdynratios at highzusing these estimators for the first time. DELS J0411–0907 and VDES J0020–3653 both lie above the local black hole–host mass relation, and are consistent with the existing observations ofz ≳ 6 quasar host galaxies with ALMA. We detected ionised outflows in [O III]λλ4959, 5007 and Hβfrom both quasars, with mass outflow rates of 58−37+44and 525−92+75 M⊙yr−1for DELS J0411–0907 and VDES J0020–3653, much larger than their host star formation rates of < 33 and < 54 M⊙yr−1, respectively.

Conclusions.This work highlights the exceptional capabilities of the JWST NIRSpec IFU for observing quasars in the early Universe.
Evaluation of fertility of irrigated soils in Uzbekistan
Authors: Sanakulov Sukhrob , Turdaliev Jamolbek , Bakhodirov Zafar , Sodikova Gulchekhra
Published: September 2023

The article examines the current productivity status of irrigated soils, encompassing aspects such as mechanical composition, agrochemical properties, salinity levels, and soil quality evaluation. The study highlights that the prevailing condition of the researched irrigated soils primarily comprises heavy sand texture. These soils exhibit a deficiency in humus content, rendering them low in organic matter. Additionally, they are characterized by a notable scarcity of mobile phosphorus and a correspondingly low content of exchangeable potassium. The research further categorizes the soils under investigation into three distinct cadastral groups based on their quality attributes. Through this classification, a comprehensive assessment of the soils’ varying characteristics is achieved. Moreover, the study quantifies the average credit score of these soils, indicating their overall quality level, which was found to be 55 points on average. The findings underscore the significance of understanding the intricate interplay between soil characteristics and agricultural productivity. This analysis provides valuable insights for optimizing soil management practices, ultimately contributing to enhanced agricultural output within the studied area.
Increasing the quality and productivity of tomato fruits under the impact of a growth regulators
Authors: Alimova Rano , Sagdiev Mirkosim , Omonlikov Alisher
Published: September 2023

Evaluating the impact of growth regulators is a simple, inexpensive method that is considered an environmentally safe method to improve plant yield and quality, increase growth and productivity.The obtained results of the research on the influence of the Humosteem preparation on the productivity and quality of tomato plants have been presented herein.In foreign countries, 50-80% of tomato crops are treated with such preparations. Their number has been increasing in recent years.Due to the high biological activity of this preparation, it was noted, during the research, that it had a positive effect on local and hybrid varieties of tomatoes during the entire growing season, showed high efficiency in the absorption of nutrients, growth, development and productivity of the plant. It was observed that the content of nitrites and nitrates in plant products did not exceed the state standard requirement. It was determined that the amount of nitrites and nitrates increased by 17.07% in the Yablochniy variety, by 16.5% in the Lojain F1 hybrid, and by 13.3% in the TMK-22 variety under the impact of the Humosteem preparation. Thus, it was observed that the amount of nitrates was low in tomato variety TMK-22.
Effectiveness of the use of various biostimulants in increasing the productivity of squash crops
Authors: Baratova Mokhidil , Yunusov Salokhiddin
Published: September 2023

This article examines the problem of using natural biostimulants and creating new biologically active substances, introducing them into production, and increasing medicinal properties to increase the productivity of pumpkin crops in Uzbekistan. In this case, moisturising of pumpkin and cucumber seeds in biostimulators before planting, spraying during the growing season, and mixed (seed moisturising and spraying during the growing season) methods were used. As a solution to this problem, it was determined that it is useful to study the effect of biostimulants on pumpkin crops and to improve the quality of the product, to enrich its biochemical composition and to determine its medicinal properties. Research was conducted in 2018-2020 at Gulistan State University and Andijan Institute of agriculture and agrotechnology. In the cultivation of pumpkin and cucumber, plants were treated with Gossipren, Uchqun, Uchqun plus and Verva biostimulants, and the efficiency of Uchqun plus biostimulant at different rates was determined. When 0.01% Uchqun plus biostimulant was used in a mixed method, it was determined that the productivity of Ispanskaya 73 variety of pumpkin increased by 31.5 t/ha and that of Palov kadu 268 variety increased by 31.8 t/ha. When cucumber plants were affected by this method - Orzu F1 - 35.1 t/ha and 34.5 t/ha were obtained in Navruz variety.
Geographical distribution of wheat fusariosis in the central and south regions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Khaytbayeva Nodira , Bababekov Qalandar
Published: September 2023

The article offers a comprehensive exploration of the geographical distribution of wheat fusarium, focusing on both central and select southern regions within Uzbekistan. The study delves into the symptoms of fusarium disease and elucidates the extent of its impact on crop productivity. Furthermore, it investigates the spread of this disease across diverse soil and climatic conditions within Uzbekistan, spanning the period from 2021 to 2023. The research outcomes underscore critical findings related to fusarium-infected plants. Notably, infected plants exhibit an absence of a budding phase, suggesting a disruption in their growth cycle. Experimental evidence confirms the formation of only one spike from a single plant, emphasizing the negative effects of the disease on plant reproductive structures. The article additionally examines the quantitative aspects of wheat production in relation to fusarium. Findings reveal that fields plagued by the prevalence of fusarium exhibit a lower spike formation rate, with approximately 250-300 spikes forming per square meter. This figure contrasts with healthier plants, which yield a more substantial output, exceeding 400 spikes per square meter. By offering insights into the geographical spread, symptomology, and productivity repercussions of wheat fusarium, this article advances our understanding of the disease’s impact on agricultural systems. The presented results provide valuable information for practitioners seeking effective management strategies against fusarium, ultimately contributing to the maintenance of healthy wheat crops and sustained agricultural productivity.
Changes in indicators of semen productivity of bulls in the conditions of Uzbekistan depending on age
Authors: Allayorov Sherali , Dosmukhamuedova Mukhayo
Published: September 2023

The article presents a comprehensive exploration of scientific and practical research focused on assessing alterations in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of sperm production in imported breeding bulls used as sperm donors, in comparison to the local Bushuev breed raised in Uzbekistan. The investigation spans from the age of 3 years, signifying the attainment of full physiological maturation in these bulls. Central to the research are the results detailing shifts in key sperm production indicators. The article goes beyond quantitative measures and delves into various facets of sperm productivity. Alongside these findings, the article addresses pertinent factors related to breed-specific traits. These encompass aspects such as the proportion of sperm culling, the yield of sperm doses, the duration of the bulls’ tenure in the primary herd, and other relevant considerations. By conducting this comprehensive study, the article provides a deeper understanding of how sperm production evolves in both imported breeding bulls and the native Bushuev breed after reaching full physiological maturity at the age of 3 years. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative aspects, coupled with insights into breed-specific characteristics, contributes to informed decision-making in the realm of cattle breeding and management practices. Ultimately, this research enhances our understanding of reproductive efficiency and guides efforts to optimize breeding programs for sustainable livestock production.
Live weight and exterior characteristics of lambs obtained from inbreeding F2 hybrid sheep of Hisar and native breeds
Authors: Berdiyeva Khonimoy , Ruziboyev Nuraddin
Published: September 2023

In this article, live weight and body size parameters of hybrid lambs obtained from inbreeding of F2 hybrid sheep with Hisar and native breed genotypes were higher than those of pure native breed lambs. These obtained results showed that improvement of selection traits of native breed sheep using Hisar breed rams is of great scientific and practical value. The live weight of the hybrid rams obtained from inbreeding was 5.62 kg at birth, and the females were 5.17 kg, respectively. In group I, the live weight was 0.45 kg, or 8.7%, and 0.34 kg, or 7.2% higher than the live weight of purebred heifers. However, the average live weight of experimental hybrid lambs at birth was 5.37 kg. It was found that the average live weight of pure native lambs was 0.41 kg or 8.3% higher. It should be noted that in experimental group II, at the age of 12 months, crossbred lambs were higher in body size than pure native lambs. In this case, hybrid frames in experimental group II compared to those of equal frames in control group I, respectively, 1.46 cm or 2.07%; 2.4 cm or 3.43%; 0.61 cm or 0.97%; 0.35 cm or 2.15%; 0.45 cm or 2.16%; 1.2 cm or 1.51% and can be seen to be 0.03 cm higher.
Improvement of Pozzolanic Properties of Oil Palm Boiler Ash Through Heat Treatment
Authors: Liew Yu Xuan , Chin Siew Choo , Goh Hui Jun , Saad Siti Asmahani , Gimbun Jolius
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the improvement of pozzolanic properties of oil palm boiler ash (OPBA) through heat treatment. The OPBA was obtained from oil palm mill in Pahang, Malaysia. The composition of OPBA was measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer which was used for its initial classification. It was found that freshly obtained OPBA had high carbon content (33.9%) and cannot be classified as pozzolan with only 15.73% of Al2O3, SiO2 and Fe2O3. Upon heating up to 600 ºC for 2 h, the carbon content was eliminated and heated OPBA can be classified as pozzolan class F. When used as partial cement replacement, the 60-day compressive strength of OPBA-cement mixture peaked at 47.8 MPa for the pozzolan content of 15%. The compressive strength of OPBA-cement mixture decreases as the pozzolan content increases.
Open source modeling for planing sustainable power development in resource-rich economies: case study for Kazakhstan
Authors: Fedotova Ekaterina , Voronkova Ekaterina , Fioriti Davide , Parzen Maximilian
Published: September 2023

Power sector decarbonization is currently seen as a necessary condition of sustainable development in the modern world. options of resources-rich economies. Energy modeling is an effective measure to elaborate long-term decarbonisation policies. However, energy modeling evidence available for resources-rich economies remain up to the date limited, especially in part of realistic representation of the power system operation. We apply open code and open data approach to fill this gap considering a case study for Kazakhstan power system. The modeling input datasets have been validated against independent data sources with a satisfactory result. The simulation outputs are plausible both in terms reproducing the main features of the “pragmatic” scenario and in providing useful insights for the implementation of net-zero pathways. Renewable energy sources have been found to be economically viable even under the considered “pragmatic” scenario with quite conservative assumptions. Existing coal generation has been shown to dominate the investments costs hampering implementation of renewable power. A role of the power interconnection has been demonstrated for an economically optimal generation mix and a level of marginal electricity costs across the country. The results are intended to support energy transition implementation in the resources-rich economies under realistic technological assumptions.
Life Cycle Assessment of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Products
Authors: Cardoso Reis Rafaela , Kokare Samruddha , Oliveira João P. , Godina Radu
Published: September 2023

The industrial progress over these years has led to fast, goodquality production. Despite this progress, the impacts related to such type of production, whether these are social, economic, or environmental, have not been, at times, studied extensively. The industry realized the importance of a greener approach and as a result, new sustainable technologies, such as additive manufacturing (AM), have emerged. To generalize the environmental benefits of AM over traditional manufacturing, methodologies like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are used. The proposed work has the intent of understanding and quantifying the environmental impacts associated with a particular AM technique for the fabrication of metal parts, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). An LCA is conducted and, considering the same circumstances, the environmental impacts related to the production of 3 different metal parts are analysed. In order to understand the results obtained, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling, which is also used for the fabrication of metal parts, is equally considered. In this particular application, when compared to CNC Milling, WAAM proves to have a 12%-47% in the environmental impact, depending upon the geometry considered. The environmental hotspot identified for both processes is the production of the raw material.
Energy-dissipation in Seismic Retrofit RC Building with Friction Dampers
Authors: Saingam Panumas , Sangswang Nitikorn , Sansombat Pana
Published: September 2023

Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings have suffered severe damage in the past due to inadequate lateral force resistance or energy dissipation capability. There is a need to improve the seismic performance of existing, vulnerable RC structures, particularly those that were either not initially intended for seismic effects or were planned to an obsolete seismic standard. Friction dampers are a revolutionary technique for improving lateral force resistance and energy dissipation capacity in the seismic retrofit of RC buildings. In this study, energy dissipation in seismically retrofitted RC buildings using friction dampers is investigated. An investigation of the nonlinear response history was performed after friction dampers were applied to the RC building. The analysis results indicate that the peak story drift ratios are reduced and constant throughout the height of the building, which may be a sign that the structure has not suffered soft story damage. In addition, the total friction damper’s energy-dissipation is half of the total input energy.
Hidden hazard weight analysis and safety assessment of fire protection in residential areas
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Li Rui , Song Jiajia , Yang Xiaocheng , Shu Chi-Min
Published: September 2023

To evaluate the current situation of fire safety in domestic high-rise residential communities, the community, which integrates high-rise residential buildings, office buildings, and shops, was deliberately selected as an example to conduct fire safety assessment. Combined with the current domestic and foreign fire safety assessment methods and practical application of the review, the establishment of the community at all levels of the evaluation index system, the use of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for fire safety assessment of the community. Results showed that the fire hydrant system and automatic fire alarm linkage system played a decisive role in the fire safety of the community. To perfect community fire safety assessment, and reduce the plot to fire safety risk, enhance the level of community comprehensively, can not only enhance residents on fire control safety knowledge, and the exact analysis of problems existing in the community fire and handled in time, but also strengthen fire safety management, enhanced the safety awareness of the people.
Quality of greywater based on economic class and generation time (a case study of Ciliwung watershed, Indonesia)
Authors: Nandana Apta Bagas , Rahmatika Iftita , Pratama Mochamad Adhiraga
Published: September 2023

Community activities highly influence the generation of greywater, whereas community activities vary from time to time. The difference in economic class of households will also affect the lifestyle, sanitation facilities, and source of clean water used which will impact the quality of greywater. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether differences in sampling time and economic class of households in developing countries, in particular Indonesia, will affect the quality of greywater generated. Based on laboratory analysis of greywater samples at 15 households at two different times, the results obtained were pH 5.77 - 9.52, DO 0.9 - 5.7 mg/l, COD 42 - 2190 mg/l, Ammonia 0.95 - 22.5 mg/l, and fecal coliform 1.7x102 – 1.7x107 MPN/100ml. These results were analyzed using the t-test to determine the significance of the data on greywater generation between morning and afternoon as well as differences in lower middle and higher middle-class. From this analysis, it was discovered that from each parameter there was no significant difference between the greywater quality data shown in the morning and the evening. There was a significant difference in the parameters of DO and COD between samples taken at households with lower middle and higher middle economic classes.
Effect of Surfactant and Nanoparticles in Low Salinity Water on Interfacial Tension and Contact Angle
Authors: Nandar Phoo Pwint , Maneeintr Kreangkrai
Published: September 2023

In this study, the mixture of the surfactant, nanoparticles and brine are utilized to investigate the performance for the interfacial tension reduction and contact angle changes at various conditions. From the results, IFT decreased adversely with brine content, whereas the nanoparticles even increased IFT when in used alone in the system. In addition, the temperature and the surfactant concentration have the effects on IFT, and nanoparticles are also the key contributor of ultra-low IFT reduction with the mixture of the surfactant-brine system. Meanwhile, without even the ion changes, the brine can affect the contact angle changes between crude oil and solid surface.
Synthesis and Raman Performance Enhancement of Multilayer AuAg Heterostructures with Magnetic Resonance
Authors: HUANG Fan , ZHAO Zhirui , FENG Jingru , MA Liang , DING Sijing
Published: September 2023

Significant amplification of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals can be achieved mainly by the electric field enhancement in metal core-shell nanostructures, and the enhanced magnetic field is rarely studied. In this study, we prepared multi-gap Au/AgAu core-shell hybrid nanostructures by using gold nanocup as the core. The overgrowth processes to grow one, two, and three layers of AgAu hybrid nanoshells can produce Au/AgAu1, Au/AgAu2, and Au/AgAu3 heteronanostructures. The strong plasmon coupling between the core and shell leads to significant electromagnetic field enhancement. Under the synergistic effect of electromagnetic plasmon resonance and plasmon coupling, Au/AgAu core-shell hybrid nanostructures exhibit excellent SERS signals. We also investigate the effect of the interstitial position of the rhodamine B (RhB) molecule on Raman enhancement in Au/AgAu3 heteronanostructures. This study can provide new ideas for the synthesis of multi-gap Raman signal amplifiers based on magnetic plasmon coupling.
Bildgebung bei rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Finzel Stephanie
Published: September 2023

Rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Autoimmunerkrankung, die unbehandelt zur Zerstörung der Gelenke und zu Funktionseinschränkungen führt. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose und engmaschige Überwachung der Krankheitsaktivität sind für eine wirksame Behandlung und Vorbeugung von Gelenkschäden von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Laufe der Jahre haben Fortschritte in der medizinischen Bildgebung die Beurteilung und das Verständnis der RA-Pathophysiologie revolutioniert. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden verschiedene bildgebende Verfahren untersucht, die bei der Diagnose, Bewertung und Überwachung der rheumatoiden Arthritis zum Einsatz kommen. Ihre Stärken und Grenzen werden hervorgehoben und es wird auf zukünftige Entwicklungen eingegangen.
Cryopyrin-assoziierte periodische Syndrome
Authors: Satirer Özlem , Wasiliew Peter , Welzel Tatjana , Kümmerle-Deschner Jasmin
Published: September 2023

Die Cryopyrin-assoziierten periodischen Syndrome (CAPS) umfassen ein klinisches Spektrum autoinflammatorischer Phänotypen unterschiedlicher Schweregrade. Hierzu zählen das familiäre autoinflammatorische Kälte-Syndrom (FCAS), das Muckle-Wells-Syndrom (MWS) und das chronisch infantile neurologische kutane und artikuläre Syndrom (CINCA), das auch als neonatale Multisystem-Entzündungserkrankung (NOMID) bekannt ist. Die Ursache für CAPS liegt meist in pathogenen NLRP3-Varianten, die zu erhöhter Aktivität des Inflammasoms, Überproduktion von Interleukin-1β und Entzündungen führen. Die Klinik umfasst erhöhte Entzündungsmarker, Müdigkeit, Fieber, Hautausschläge sowie Muskel-, Skelett- und ZNS-Symptome, Hörverlust und Sehstörungen. Die diagnostische Herausforderung liegt in sich überlappenden Phänotypen, somatischen Mutationen und Varianten mit geringer Ausprägung oder unklarer Bedeutung. Diagnose und Klassifikationskriterien unterstützen bei der Diagnosestellung und helfen bei der Definition von Studienkohorten. Für die wirksame Behandlung stehen biologische Therapien zur Verfügung, wovon Interleukin (IL)-1-Inhibitoren für die Behandlung zugelassen sind.
Die Fusarien-Keratitis auf dem Vormarsch – eine aktuelle klinische Übersicht
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin , Augustin Victor A. , Kovalchuk Bogdana , Auffarth Gerd U.
Published: September 2023

Die Keratitis durch Fusarien stellt in Deutschland ein insgesamt seltenes, aber durch seinen raschen Krankheitsverlauf, die meist verspätete Diagnosestellung und die eingeschränkten konservativen Behandlungsoptionen mittels antimykotischer Therapie ein ernst zu nehmendes Krankheitsbild mit potenziell visusbedrohendem Verlauf dar. Durch die zunehmende Anwendung von Kontaktlinsen und möglicherweise durch die veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen ist ein weiterer Anstieg der Fallzahlen in Deutschland zu erwarten. Das rechtzeitige Erkennen und Einleiten der antimykotischen Therapie und bei ausbleibender Besserung die frühzeitige Durchführung einer notfallmäßigen Keratoplastik sind hierbei maßgeblich für den Therapieerfolg.
Study On The Pathogenesis Of Post-Stroke Shoulder Pain Based On The
Characteristics Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-A Retrospective
Study
Authors: Yu Wenjuan , Wang Luoluo , Li Yige , Tao Shuwei , Li Qingrui , Zhu Mingyue
Published: September 2023

Background High morbidity has been proved frequently happened in
post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP), but the specific pathogenesis of PSSP still
remains unclear. Therefore, further research needs to be done to investigate
this field.

Objective The aim of this study which reviewed the features of magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) on shoulder joint of patients with PSSP, is to find the
consequence of pathogenesis.

Methods This study starts from June 2017 to August 2021, 74 PSSP patients
who accepted MRI examination were selected in the Department of rehabilitation
medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
(inpatient and outpatient). This study sorted out and summarized
patients’ MRI characteristics, analyzing differences of MRI appearance
according to age, gender, hemiplegic side, stroke type and onset time.

Results After examining all PSSP patients’ MRI characteristics,
this study found 56 (75.67%) had supraspinatus tendon injury, 11
(14.86%) infraspinatus tendon injury, 24 (32.43%) subscapular
tendon injury, 2 (2.7%) teres minor tendon injury, 60 (81.08%)
tendon sheath effusion (inflammation) of long head of biceps brachii, 23
(31.08%) humeral head bone marrow edema and 64 (86.49%) shoulder
joint capsule effusion. Moreover, there were 6 cases of acromial descending sac
effusion (8.11%), 11 cases of coracoid descending sac effusion
(14.86%), 8 cases of synovial thickening (10.81%), and 1 case of
ossifying myositis (1.35%).

Conclusion No significant differences were found in MRI features according
to gender and hemiplegic side .The results showed the injury of supraspinatus
tendon significantly increased in the older group compared to the younger group
(P=0.039).The patients with supraspinatus tendon injury and tendon
sheath effusion (inflammation) of long head of biceps brachii have higher
cerebral infarction than patients with cerebral hemorrhage (P=0.002,
P=0.028). Based on the time of onset, the participants were divided into
three groups: within 1 month, 1–3 months and more than 3 months. The
results suggested significant differences in humeral head bone marrow edema and
shoulder joint capsule effusion numbers among the three groups (P=0.049,
P=0.002). The results of this research could help to improve the
accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment of PSSP, putting forward a more
reasonable treatment scheme.
Establishing a Cutoff Serum Thyroglobulin Value for the Diagnosis and Management of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Paudel Jiwan
Published: September 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to define a cutoff serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level associated with either residual or metastasis that may help decide postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) scan and treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients residing in low-income countries like Nepal.

Methods We prospectively studied a total of 81 patients (female-to-male ratio of 3.0:1; mean age: 37.3 ± 14.0 years, within age range of 14–88 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy with/without neck dissection and were referred for RAI whole-body scan (WBS) ± RAI ablation or adjuvant treatment in the department of Nuclear Medicine, Chitwan Medical College. We calculated the cutoff value of Tg using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results Forty-six of 81 patients (56.7%) had remnants in the thyroid bed, 26/81 (32.1%) had regional lymph node metastasis, 9/81 (11.1%) had distant lymph node metastasis, 3/81 (3.7%) had lung metastases, and only 1/81 (1.2%) had bone metastases. RAI WBS was positive in 61/81 (75.3%) patients and negative in 20/81 (24.7%) patients. Seventeen of 81 (20.9%) patients had negative RAI scans with low serum Tg levels; only 3/81 (3.7%) patients had Tg elevated negative RAI scan (TENIS). Although scan was positive in 61/81 (75.3%) patients, 64/81 (79.0%) patients received treatment with RAI, of which 3/81 (3.7%) patients were TENIS patients. There was a significant difference in serum Tg levels between patients who received or did not receive RAI ablation or treatment (p < 0.05). On ROC curve analysis, the cutoff value of Tg levels between patients who received and did not receive treatment was 2.9 ng/mL (sensitivity: 85.9%; specificity: 94.1%; positive predictive value [PPV], 98.2%; negative predictive value [NPV]: 64.0%; AUC: 0.938).

Conclusion We identified a cutoff value of 2.9 ng/mL between patients who required or did not require treatment with high sensitivity, specificity, and PPVs.
A Broader Vision for Homeopathy: Medicine Needs Healing, and Homeopathy Has a Part to Play
Authors: Swayne Jeremy
Published: September 2023

The controversial claim that homeopathic medicines actively stimulate the innate capacity of body and mind for healing and repair demands continuing and energetic investigation. But regardless of the outcome of this scientific controversy, the reported changes associated with applying the homeopathic method are matters of clinical fact. There is thus a case to be made that the homeopathic approach, the way that it studies and construes the experience of illness in individual patients, enriches our understanding of health, illness and healing; and is itself an essential contribution that homeopathy can make to the advancement of medicine. Practitioners and researchers involved in homeopathy can, and should, be more energetic and forceful in making that case.
Validated ultraviolet high-performance liquid chromatography method for post-mortem 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid measurement in human cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Bhushan Divya , Yadav Jayanthi , Arora Arneet , Agrawal Dhruv , Apte Achala
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to develop an ultraviolet high-performance liquid chromatography (UV-HPLC) method for the measurement of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a potential biomarker for neurological and psychiatric illnesses, including depressive disorders with suicidal behavior.

Materials and Methods:

The study utilized CSF samples from individuals brought for medicolegal autopsy. The 5-HIAA concentration was measured using a UV-HPLC method with three mobile-phase solvents. The most effective mobile phase solvent was then used to measure 5-HIAA in the CSF samples.

The materials used in the study included CSF samples obtained from individuals brought for medico-legal autopsy, UV-HPLC equipment, and mobile phase solvents, including 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (Merck/sigma), acetonitrile, concentrated formic acid, concentrated acetic acid, methanol, and phosphoric acid.

Statistical Analysis:

This was done using R Studio (version 4.2.0).

Results:

The study found that the UV-HPLC method utilizing formic acid (0.05–0.1%): acetonitrile in a 1:9 as mobile phase was the most effective for measuring 5-HIAA in human CSF. The method exhibited excellent linearity, accuracy, and precision.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that the developed UV-HPLC method is reliable and effective for measuring 5-HIAA in human CSF. Measuring 5-HIAA levels in CSF can serve as a potential biomarker for neurological and psychiatric illnesses, including depressive disorders with suicidal behavior. This method is promising for clinical and forensic practice to diagnose suicidal cases. Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings and the potential for broader application in psychiatry. This article helps to give a practical, cost-effective methodology to detect CSF 5-HIAA.
Mapping of Hückel zigzag carbon nanotubes onto independent polyene chains: Application to periodic nanotubes
Authors: François Grégoire , Angeli Celestino , Bendazzoli Gian Luigi , Brumas Véronique , Evangelisti Stefano , Berger J. Arjan
Published: September 2023

The electric polarizability and the spread of the total position tensors are used to characterize the metallic vs insulator nature of large (finite) systems. Finite clusters are usually treated within the open boundary condition formalism. This introduces border effects, which prevent a fast convergence to the thermodynamic limit and can be eliminated within the formalism of periodic boundary conditions. Recently, we introduced an original approach to periodic boundary conditions, named Clifford boundary conditions. It considers a finite fragment extracted from a periodic system and the modification of its topology into that of a Clifford torus. The quantity representing the position is modified in order to fulfill the system periodicity. In this work, we apply the formalism of Clifford boundary conditions to the case of carbon nanotubes, whose treatment results in a particularly simple zigzag geometry. Indeed, we demonstrate that at the Hückel level, these nanotubes, either finite or periodic, are formally equivalent to a collection of non-interacting dimerized linear chains, thus simplifying their treatment. This equivalence is used to describe some nanotube properties as the sum of the contributions of the independent chains and to identify the origin of peculiar behaviors (such as conductivity). Indeed, if the number of hexagons along the circumference is a multiple of three, a metallic behavior is found, namely a divergence of both the (per electron) polarizability and total position spread of at least one linear chain. These results are in agreement with those in the literature from tight-binding calculations.
A fresh class of superconducting and hard pentaborides
Authors: Xie Hui , Wang Hong , Qin Fang , Han Wei , Wang Suxin , Wang Youchun , Tian Fubo , Duan Defang
Published: September 2023

On the basis of the current theoretical understanding of boron-based hard superconductors under ambient conditions, numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of developing superconducting materials with favorable mechanical properties using boron-rich compounds. In this paper, first-principles calculations reveal the existence of an unprecedented family of tetragonal pentaborides MB5 (M = Na, K, Rb, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, and Y), comprising B20 cages and centered metal atoms acting as stabilizers and electron donors to the boron sublattice. These compounds exhibit both superconductivity and high hardness, with the maximum superconducting transition temperature Tc of 18.6 K being achieved in RbB5 and the peak Vickers hardness Hv of 35.1 GPa being achieved in KB5 at 1 atm. The combination of these properties is particularly evident in KB5, RbB5, and BaB5, with Tc values of ∼14.7, 18.6, and 16.3 K and Hv values of ∼35.1, 32.4, and 33.8 GPa, respectively. The results presented here reveal that pentaborides can provide a framework for exploring and designing novel superconducting materials with favorable hardness at achievable pressures and even under ambient conditions.
Asymptotic theory of not completely integrable soliton equations
Authors: Kamchatnov A. M.
Published: September 2023

We develop the theory of transformation of intensive initial nonlinear wave pulses to trains of solitons emerging at asymptotically large time of evolution. Our approach is based on the theory of dispersive shock waves in which the number of nonlinear oscillations in the shock becomes the number of solitons at the asymptotic state. We show that this number of oscillations, which is proportional to the classical action of particles associated with the small-amplitude edges of shocks, is preserved by the dispersionless flow. Then, the Poincaré–Cartan integral invariant is also constant, and therefore, it reduces to the quantization rule similar to the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization rule for a linear spectral problem associated with completely integrable equations. This rule yields a set of “eigenvalues,” which are related to the asymptotic solitons’ velocities and their characteristics. It is implied that the soliton equations under consideration give modulationally stable solutions; therefore, these “eigenvalues” are real. Our analytical results agree very well with the results of numerical solutions of the generalized defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Effects of superhydrophobicity on VIV control of a circular cylinder
Authors: Zhao Fuwang , Zeng Lingwei , Wang Zhaokun , Liu Yang , Li Li , Tang Hui
Published: September 2023

We conducted an experimental study on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) dynamics of cylinders featuring a specific superhydrophobic band. The superhydrophobic band refers to the pattern where the cylinder's surface is featured with equispaced bands of normal surface and superhydrophobic coating in an alternate manner. The experiments were conducted over a range of reduced velocities from Ur = 3 to 11, corresponding to Reynolds numbers between 1500 and 5900. To capture the near-field wake of the cylinders, a time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) system was employed, while the hydrodynamic forces were acquired using a six-component load cell. We found that the fully coated cylinder consistently displays the smallest amplitude of oscillation in the VIV initial branch, achieving a maximum reduction of approximately 38.9% at Ur = 5.0. Upon applying a superhydrophobic coated band, the patterned cylinder experiences a substantial enhancement in VIV amplitude (about 22.5% at Ur = 5.0) compared to the normal cylinder. On the other hand, in the VIV lower branch, the patterned cylinder effectively suppresses oscillation, whereas the fully coated cylinder exhibits slightly larger oscillation amplitudes than the normal cylinder. This finding agrees well with the trend of lift forces. The analysis of phase-averaged flow structures suggests that this difference can be attributed to the delayed vortex shedding from the superhydrophobic surface and the emergence of three-dimensional vortex structures created by the superhydrophobic band.
In-sensor reservoir computing based on optoelectronic synaptic devices
Authors: Chen Zhi-Long , Xiao Yang , Huang Wen-Yuan , Jiang Yan-Ping , Liu Qiu-Xiang , Tang Xin-Gui
Published: September 2023

Artificial neural networks built with optoelectronic synaptic devices have been proven to process visual information effectively. However, it takes great latency time and energy consumption, especially facing dynamic visual information, due to the separated optical sensor, memory, and process unit. Reservoir computing (RC) based on optoelectronic synaptic devices provides an in-sensor RC for processing temporal information efficiently. It achieves efficient computation by sensing and processing optical signals directly with optoelectronic synaptic devices. Optoelectronic synaptic devices shine in visual information processing, whose application in visual sensing and processing will provide a viable hardware solution for in-sensor computing. Therefore, the application of optoelectronic synaptic devices in reservoir computing has prompted increasing attention. Herein, for promoting the application of physical reservoir computing (PRC) with optoelectrical synapses in machine vision, synaptic plasticity will be introduced first in this work and then illustrate the basic functions of optoelectronic synapses as well as their application in reservoir computing further, and provide a perspective on PRC with optoelectronic synapses in the final.
Phyllosilicates as earth-abundant layered materials for electronics and optoelectronics: Prospects and challenges in their ultrathin limit
Authors: Barcelos Ingrid D. , de Oliveira Raphaela , Schleder Gabriel R. , Matos Matheus J. S. , Longuinhos Raphael , Ribeiro-Soares Jenaina , Barboza Ana Paula M. , Prado Mariana C. , Pinto Elisângela S. , Gobato Yara Galvão , Chacham Hélio , Neves Bernardo R. A. , Cadore Alisson R.
Published: September 2023

Phyllosilicate minerals are an emerging class of naturally occurring layered insulators with large bandgap energy that have gained attention from the scientific community. This class of lamellar materials has been recently explored at the ultrathin two-dimensional level due to their specific mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optoelectronic properties, which are crucial for engineering novel devices (including heterostructures). Due to these properties, phyllosilicate minerals can be considered promising low-cost nanomaterials for future applications. In this Perspective article, we will present relevant features of these materials for their use in potential 2D-based electronic and optoelectronic applications, also discussing some of the major challenges in working with them.
The significance of fluctuating charges for molecular polarizability and dispersion coefficients
Authors: Cheng YingXing , Verstraelen Toon
Published: September 2023

The influence of fluctuating charges or charge flow on the dynamic linear response properties of isolated molecules from the TS42 database is evaluated, with particular emphasis on dipole polarizability and C6 dispersion coefficients. Two new descriptors are defined to quantify the charge-flow contribution to response properties, making use of the recoupled dipole polarizability to separate isotropic and anisotropic components. Molecular polarizabilities are calculated using the “frequency-dependent atom-condensed Kohn–Sham density functional theory approximated to second order,” i.e., the ACKS2ω model. With ACKS2ω, the charge-flow contribution can be constructed in two conceptually distinct ways that appear to yield compatible results. The charge-flow contribution is significantly affected by molecular geometry and the presence of polarizable bonds, in line with previous studies. We show that the charge-flow contribution qualitatively reproduces the polarizability anisotropy. The contribution to the anisotropic C6 coefficients is less pronounced but cannot be neglected. The effect of fluctuating charges is only negligible for small molecules with at most one non-hydrogen atom. They become important and sometimes dominant for larger molecules or when highly polarizable bonds are present, such as conjugated, double, or triple bonds. Charge flow contributions cannot be explained in terms of individual atomic properties because they are affected by non-local features such as chemical bonding and geometry. Therefore, polarizable force fields and dispersion models can benefit from the explicit modeling of charge flow.