bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A skeletal double gyroid formed by single coaxial bundles of catechol based bolapolyphiles
Authors: Poppe Silvio , Chen Changlong , Liu Feng , Tschierske Carsten
Published: September 2018

A new cubic phase is reported, formed by two networks of rod-bundles with one molecule length and containing discrete polar aggregates at the junctions.
Effect of particle size distribution of UiO-67 nano/microcrystals on the adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Run-Zhi , Huang Yong-qing , Zhang Wei , Yang Ji-Min
Published: September 2018

UiO-67 nano/microcrystals with different particle size distributions (PSDs) were successfully obtained by a simple solvothermal method.
Flexible all-solid-state ultrahigh-energy asymmetric supercapacitors based on tailored morphology of NiCoO2/Ni(OH)2/Co(OH)2electrodes
Authors: Qin Tianfeng , Li Haoqian , Ren Ruojia , Hao Jiaxin , Wen Yuxiang , Wang Zilei , Huang Juanjuan , He Deyan , Cao Guozhong , Peng Shanglong
Published: September 2018

One of the important requirements of energy storage devices is to store more energy per unit area.
Experimental study and computational modelling of cruzain cysteine protease inhibition by dipeptidyl nitriles
Authors: Dos Santos Alberto Monteiro , Cianni Lorenzo , De Vita Daniela , Rosini Fabiana , Leitão Andrei , Laughton Charles A. , Lameira Jerônimo , Montanari Carlos A.
Published: September 2018

A combined computational and experimental study aimed to gain insights into the reaction inhibition mechanism of cruzain by dipeptidyl nitriles.
Stable structures and superconductivity of an At–H system at high pressure
Authors: Shao Ziji , Huang Yanping , Duan Defang , Ma Yanbin , Yu Hongyu , Xie Hui , Li Da , Tian Fubo , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: September 2018

The phase diagram, electronic properties and superconductivity of an At–H system at high pressure are investigated through first principles calculation considering the effect of spin–orbit coupling (SOC).
Mid-infrared absorption of trapped electrons in titanium(iv) oxide particles using a photoacoustic FTIR technique
Authors: Murakami Naoya , Shinoda Tatsuki
Published: September 2018

The energy level of trapped electrons in titanium(iv) oxide particles was analysed via mid-infrared absorption using photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Ethane diffusion in mixed linker zeolitic imidazolate framework-7-8 by pulsed field gradient NMR in combination with single crystal IR microscopy
Authors: Berens Samuel , Chmelik Christian , Hillman Febrian , Kärger Jörg , Jeong Hae-Kwon , Vasenkov Sergey
Published: September 2018

Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR was used in combination with single crystal IR microscopy (IRM) to study diffusion of ethane inside crystals of a mixed linker zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) of the type ZIF-7-8 under comparable experimental conditions.
Structural insights and influence of V599 mutations on the overall dynamics of BRAF protein against its kinase domains
Authors: Mayank Mayank , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: September 2018

Mutations in the 599th residues provide multiple BRAF forms. Although the 599th residue is situated far from the BRAF ATP binding cavity, it is found to be critical in controlling all the vital functions of its kinase domain.
An optimized protocol for high precision measurement of Hg isotopic compositions in samples with low concentrations of Hg using MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Geng Hongyan , Yin Runsheng , Li Xiangdong
Published: September 2018

Optimized gas flows achieved the direct determination of Hg isotopic compositions of 0.1 ng mL−1 solutions.
Time-resolved study of the plasma produced from animal muscle tissue using a Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Moncayo S. , Marín-Roldán A. , Manzoor S. , Camacho J. J. , Motto-Ros V. , Caceres J. O.
Published: September 2018

This paper reports studies on time-resolved laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of plasmas induced by Nd:YAG laser pulses on a sample lyophilized from swine muscle tissue.
Chemical bath deposition of NiCo2S4 nanostructures supported on a conductive substrate for efficient quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells and methanol oxidation
Authors: Kim Hee-Je , Chebrolu Venkata Thulasi-Varma
Published: September 2018

Hierarchical nanostructures have recently attracted massive attention due to their remarkable performances in energy conversion, storage systems, catalysis, and electronic devices.
Low-temperature biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using mango leaf extract: catalytic effect, antioxidant properties, anticancer activity and application for colorimetric sensing
Authors: Samari Fayezeh , Salehipoor Hossein , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Yousefinejad Saeed
Published: September 2018

Aqueous mango leaf extract was used as a reducing and capping agent for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)viaa single-step, low cost and green process.
Gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide-amplified label-free DNA biosensor for dasatinib detection
Authors: Tahernejad-Javazmi Fahimeh , Shabani-Nooshabadi Mehdi , Karimi-Maleh Hassan
Published: September 2018

Dasatinib or sprycel is an anticancer drug for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, prostate cancer, and some of the other cancers with several adverse effects.
Mesenteric Panniculitis (MP): A Frequent Coincidental CT Finding of Debatable Clinical Significance
Authors: Gögebakan Özlem , Osterhoff Martin , Albrecht Thomas
Published: September 2018

Background Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is histologically characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the adipose tissue of the intestinal mesentery with unclear etiology. MP occurs predominantly in men, mostly in mid to late adulthood. MP is typically found as an incidental diagnosis on abdominal CT.

Methods A comprehensive review of the literature including case reports and cohort studies was performed. Therefore, a global search in PubMed was carried out. Search terms were (and/or) “mesenteric panniculitis”, “panniculitis mesenterialis”, “mesenteric lymph nodes”, “CT”, “imaging”, “sclerosing mesenteritis”, “case report”, “therapy”.

Results and Conclusion MP is a relatively common CT finding. The true prevalence seems to be higher than the reported 0.6 % to 2.4 % due to underreporting. The most important differential diagnosis is malignant lymphoma, which may be difficult to distinguish from MP. The majority of patients with MP are clinically asymptomatic and do not require therapy. In rare symptomatic cases, non-specific symptoms like abdominal pain, fever, nausea or vomiting occur. For therapy, glucocorticoids and tamoxifen have been suggested. Several studies suggested that MP is associated with other diseases and might be a paraneoplastic phenomenon, but four recently published case-control studies suggest that MP is an independent non-specific benign age-related phenomenon. However, two further studies show a possible association of MP with malignant lymphoma. The clinical relevance of MP remains the subject of scientific debate.

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Citation Format
Effects of Backpack Load and Trekking Poles on Energy Expenditure During Field Track Walking
Authors: Brito João , Garrido Nuno , Romero Félix , de Araújo Junior Adenilson , Reis Victor
Published: September 2018

This study evaluates the effects of the use of backpack load and trekking poles on field track walking energy expenditure. Twenty male volunteer pole walkers (age: 22.70±2.89 years; body mass: 77.90±11.19 kg; height: 1.77±0.06 m; percentage of body fat: 14.6±6.0%) walked at a self-selected pace on a pedestrian field track over a period of more than six months. Each subject was examined at random based on four walking conditions: non-poles and non-load, with poles and non-load, non-poles and with load, with poles and with load. Heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy expenditure were continuously recorded by a portable telemetric system. Non-load walking speed was lower during walking with poles when compared with no poles (p≤0.05). Oxygen uptake, energy expenditure and heart rate varied significantly across different conditions. Our results suggest that the use of trekking poles does not influence energy expenditure when walking without an additional load, but it can have an effect during backpack load walking. Moreover, our results indicate that the use of trekking poles may not be helpful to lower the exertion perceived by the subjects when walking with an additional load.
Insulintherapie im Alter
Authors: Grundke Susanne , Klement Andreas
Published: September 2018

Eine effektive Verzahnung der Kooperation von Versorgungsebenen und Leistungserbringern hat zentrale Bedeutung für niedrige Hospitalisierungsraten sowie bedarfsgerechte medizinische und pflegerische Versorgung älterer insulinpflichtiger Typ-2-Diabetiker 1. Die zentralen Herausforderungen der berufsgruppenübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit bestehen darin, die Insulintherapie nicht nur an Stoffwechselzielen zu orientieren, sondern ebenso die Patientensicherheit, ökonomische Effizienz und individuelle Lebensqualitätsvorstellungen von Patienten und deren Angehörigen zu berücksichtigen 1–3.
Tiacumicin B: An Antibiotic of Prime Importance and a Natural Product with an Inspiring Complex Structure
Authors: Roulland Emmanuel
Published: September 2018

This short review aims at decrypting and analyzing the various strategies used for the synthesis of tiacumicin B. Natural products synthesis is a way for organic chemists to express inventiveness, intellectual dexterity, and elegance in strategy of synthesis. Some molecular structures are more inspiring than others; and if like tiacumicin B, the architectural challenge meets high biological and medicinal interest, the molecule can then attract the attention of many groups of synthetic chemists.

1 Introduction

2 The Strategic Challenges of this Total Synthesis

3 Construction of the C1–C5 Region

4 Construction of the C14–C19 Region

5 Construction of the C5–C12 Region

6 Construction of the C12–C15 Diene Motif

7 Macrocyclization

8 Synthesis of the Rhamnosyl Donor

9 Synthesis of the Noviosyl Donor and Glycosylation

10 The Recurrent Problems Caused by Protective Groups

11 Conclusion
(2-Benzyloxyphenyl)acetyl (BnPAc): A Participating Relay Protecting Group for Diastereoselective Glycosylation and the Synthesis of 1,2-trans Glycosyl Esters
Authors: Mikula Hannes , Weber Julia , Krauter Simon , Schwarz Theresa , Hametner Christian
Published: September 2018

The (2-benzyloxyphenyl)acetyl group has been identified as a new protecting group for hydroxyl functions. Various alcohols could be easily protected with high yields, and deprotection was achieved by a relay approach using Pd/H2 in combination with 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene, conditions that are orthogonal to ester groups. The new protecting group is stable in glycosylation reactions demonstrating an effective neighboring group participation leading to the exclusive formation of 1,2-trans glycosides and glycosyl esters.
Personalized Mobile Tool AskPCOS Delivering Evidence-Based Quality Information about Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Xie Jue , Burstein Frada , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline , Garad Rhonda
Published: September 2018

Despite polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most common endocrine condition affecting reproductive-aged women, studies have shown the information needs of PCOS consumers are not currently met. The expressed need by women with PCOS for accessible, evidence-based personalized PCOS information informed the design and development of the PCOS mobile tool—AskPCOS. The App provides a range of unique features such as: evidence-based PCOS health information, self-diagnostic function, a question prompt list to optimize health practitioner engagement, and a commonly asked questions list. A five-phase App development process involved extensive stakeholder consultation, system architecture design, development of the content repository, system prototyping, and evaluation. AskPCOS is the first evidence-based, consumer-driven mobile App developed by women and for women with PCOS and utilizes innovative technology to empower PCOS consumers and optimize health outcomes. The App content repository is enhanced by the best available evidence and expertise extracted from the International Evidence-Based Guideline in PCOS (2018). The AskPCOS App has extensive data capture capability through the usage of data gathering functions and backend analytics to optimize responsiveness to consumer needs. In addition, the multilingual content and not-for-profit cost model is designed to facilitate worldwide adoption of the tool, and address PCOS information inequities in developing countries.
Integrated Model of Care for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tay Chau , Moran Lisa , Wijeyaratne Chandrika , Redman Leanne , Norman Robert , Teede Helena , Joham Anju
Published: September 2018

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately one in seven women worldwide from early adulthood with heterogeneity in their healthcare needs through the life cycle. PCOS is challenging to diagnose and manage, with one-third of women reporting at least a 2-year delay in diagnosis. Current clinical services do not satisfactorily educate and support women with their diverse reproductive, metabolic, and psychological care needs with fragmentation of services across health providers. Women are dissatisfied with the care they received, while the first contact general practitioners often feel ill-equipped to diagnose and manage PCOS. Despite national evidence-based guidelines recommending integrated multidisciplinary services, guideline translation has been limited, with wide practice variation and no optimal models of care. Lifestyle management and psychological support are the cornerstones of care and health providers who most commonly manage PCOS (general practitioners, dermatologists, endocrinologists, and gynecologists) require appropriate resources and multidisciplinary support. An evidence-based patient-centered clinical model of care, codeveloped by consumers and health professionals that provides education and resources and offers multidisciplinary holistic care, is vital to support women with PCOS.
Strengthening mental health systems to respond to economic crises
Authors: McDaid D.
Published: September 2018

Background: Mental health systems appear to be among the first casualties of an economic downturn. Growing global political and economic uncertainty in Europe and elsewhere may mean that the next major economic crisis is not far off. Objectives: This paper considers what mental health systems might do in future to more rapidly respond to the impacts of economic shocks, and reduce the risk and/or mitigate the impacts of poor mental health and deliberate self-harm. It concentrates on two areas of risk to mental health in times of economic shock, namely increasing job insecurity and changing employment conditions, as well as the impacts of unmanageable debt. Results: Addressing the psychological impacts of less job-security and of surviving a downsizing in the workplace may be just as important to mental health as unemployment in an economic crisis. There is also evidence that unmanageable debt is associated with poor mental health and risk of suicide and self-harm. Conclusions: Mental health systems need to develop plans for a rapid response to economic shocks, with a strong focus on a public health approach to mental health. Engaging and collaborating with a wide range of stakeholders, as well as secure budgets, will be imperative to effective implementation.
Paliperidonpalmitat in der Langzeittherapie der Schizophrenie
Authors: Volz H.-P.
Published: September 2018

Paliperidon, ein aktiver Metabolit von Risperidon, der nahezu nicht weiter metabolisiert wird, ist ein Antipsychotikum der zweiten Generation, das vorwiegend als Dopamin-D2– und Serotonin-5HT2A-Blocker wirkt. Dieses Molekül steht zur oralen Anwendung seit vielen Jahren zur Verfügung. Zudem gibt es eine Depot-Formulierung (Paliperidonpalmitat), die in einmonatigem Abstand gluteal oder deltoidal injiziert wird (PP1M). Durch die Fortenwicklung steht nun sein einiger Zeit eine Depot-Formulierung zur Verfügung, bei der ein Drei-Monats-Injektionsintervall ausreichend ist (PP3M). In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften dieses Depots beschrieben und es wird auf die beiden zentralen Wirksamkeitsstudien eingegangen. Praktische Hinweise zur Eindosierung, zum Wechsel von PP1M auf PP3M und zur Langzeitbehandlung ergänzen die Arbeit.
Pharmakologische und nicht-pharmakologische Behandlung der Depression im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Holtmann M. , Jarczok T. A.
Published: September 2018

Depressive Störungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Sie gehen mit einer starken psychosozialen Beeinträchtigung einher und sind ein Risikofaktor für affektive Störungen im Erwachsenenalter. Sowohl in der Diagnostik als auch in der Behandlung sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen alters- und entwicklungsspezifische Aspekte zu beachten. Es wird eine selektive Übersicht über die aktuelle Datenlage zur Behandlung depressiver Störungen mit besonderem Augenmerk auf Besonderheiten des Kindes- und Jugendalters gegeben. Mittel der Wahl in der Behandlung depressiver Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind psychotherapeutische Verfahren sowie die antidepressive Psychopharmakotherapie mit selektiven Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmern. Unter den psychotherapeutischen Verfahren existieren die besten Wirksamkeitsnachweise für die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie. Die beste Datenlage zur Wirksamkeit von Antidepressiva existiert für den Wirkstoff Fluoxetin, welcher als einziges Antidepressivum in dieser Altersgruppe zur Behandlung depressiver Störungen zugelassen ist. Da trotz der existierenden wirksamen Behandlungsverfahren ein signifikanter Anteil von Patienten unter der Behandlung nicht remittiert, ist die Entwicklung neuer und verbesserter therapeutischer Verfahren dringend erforderlich.
Internetbezogene Störungen
Authors: Romanczuk-Seiferth N.
Published: September 2018

Die Allgegenwärtigkeit des Internets und seiner Nutzung ist ein Phänomen unserer Zeit. Wenngleich das Internet unzählige Möglichkeiten bietet und vielfach den Alltag bereichert und erleichtert, entwickeln manche Menschen Probleme mit bestimmten Nutzungsformen des Internets und leiden unter den Folgen des häufig exzessiven Internetkonsums. Entwickelt sich eine Störung von Krankheitswert lässt sich von einer Internetbezogenen Störung sprechen. In diesem Beitrag soll überblicksartig beleuchtet werden, welchen Einfluss die Nutzung des Internets auf die Psyche haben kann und welche Formen der Internetnutzung zu einer psychischen Erkrankung führen können. Diskutiert wird, ob und inwiefern man bei exzessiver Internetnutzung von einer Abhängigkeitserkrankung sprechen kann, welche Erkenntnisse hierzu aus der aktuellen Forschung vorliegen und was die besonderen Herausforderungen in der klinischen Versorgung von Menschen mit internetbezogenen Störungen sind.
Stacked Tantalum Cones as a Method for Treating Severe Distal Femoral Bone Deficiency in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Rajgopal Ashok , Panda Inayat , Yadav Sidharth , Wakde Om
Published: September 2018

Severe bone loss in distal femur has traditionally been managed with bulk cementing, bone graft, metal augments, trabecular metal cones, and mega prosthesis. The authors present an alternative method using a stacked configuration of two tantalum cones to manage severe distal femoral bone loss. This study aims to evaluate the mid-term outcomes and possible complications in patients treated with this novel technique. We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively maintained records of 16 knees (in 16 patients) presenting with severe distal femoral bone deficiency due to septic loosening (5), giant cell tumor (GCT; 4), periprosthetic fracture (3), aseptic loosening (3), and distal femoral comminuted fracture with severe osteoarthritis (1). A standard medial parapatellar approach was taken in all our cases followed by preparation of distal femoral bone defect and use of two bridging tantalum trabecular metal cones to fill the defect, followed by implantation of rotating hinge knee prosthesis. At an average follow-up of 57 months (4.75 years), the average Knee Society Score was 74.56 (64–87) and the mean range of motion was 97.8 (70–120) degrees. Radiologically, all 16 knees showed good osteointegration with no evidence of progressive radiolucency or loosening. Complications included two patients with superficial infection (healed with antibiotics), and one with recurrence of GCT requiring tumor megaprosthesis reconstruction. The authors concluded that the stacked configuration of cones provides additional coverage and stability with good osteointegration and found it to be particularly useful in distal femoral GCTs and fracture situations. They recommend the use of stacked cones in selected cases of severe distal femoral deficiency.
Generation of circularly polarized harmonic radiation by two color laser beams propagating in plasma
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Agrawal Ekta , Jha Pallavi
Published: September 2018

An analytical study of the generation of even and odd harmonics by the propagation of two color circularly polarized laser beams through homogeneous, underdense plasma has been presented. The two laser beams are considered to be either co-rotating (co-polarized) or counter-rotating (counter-polarized). Considering the mildly relativistic regime of laser plasma interaction, a perturbative technique is used to evaluate the amplitude of various harmonic frequencies. It is shown that the even and odd harmonics of the fundamental laser frequency arise due to counter- as well as co-polarized laser fields. The generated harmonics are seen to be circularly polarized.
Incorporation of Si during vapor phase epitaxy of III-V compounds: Evidence of an enthalpy-entropy compensation effect
Authors: Masut Remo A.
Published: September 2018

The incorporation of dopants in III-V compound semiconductor epilayers during chemical vapor deposition involves complex homogeneous and surface reaction kinetics and is expected to be an activated process. In particular, silicon is an element of choice for n-type doping of various III-V compound epilayers for which there is a wealth of data involving different growth and doping precursors. Kinetic arguments such as the role of multi-excitation entropy or quasi-equilibration at the growth interface during incorporation predict an enthalpy-entropy compensation effect (EECE), which is observed from compiled data for more than 14 orders of magnitude of the prefactor describing the activated incorporation rate. For this particular observation of the EECE, an explanation involving data pre-selection imposed by restrictive growth conditions may also be invoked.
Note: Development of a triple resonance pulse transformer based on magnetic core transformer
Authors: Li Mingjia , Liang Chuan , Zhou Lin , Zhang Faqiang , Wang Wenchuan
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a triple resonance pulse transformer based on a magnetic core transformer is developed, which uses the first peak of the output voltage to charge the load capacitor. A compact magnetic core pulse transformer is developed, which uses an innovative bi-conical specific geometry. Based on this magnetic core pulse transformer, the triple resonance circuit is built by adding a tuning capacitor and a tuning inductor between this transformer and a pulse forming line (PFL). The tuning capacitor is designed to be an irregular coaxial capacitor with a capacitance of 70 pF and the tuning inductor is made as a single-layer air core cylindrical inductor. The experimental results indicate that the peak output voltage of the triple resonance pulse transformer is about 530 kV and the rise time is about 790 ns. The peak voltage across PFL is 1.6 times the peak voltage across the magnetic core transformer. It is feasible to develop a magnetic core pulse transformer into a triple resonance pulse transformer.
Traps induced memory effect in rubrene single crystal phototransistor
Authors: Li Aiyuan , Wei Xiaoyun , He Yaowu , He Chao , Ali Muhammad Umair , Yang Huai , Goto Osamu , Meng Hong
Published: September 2018

In this report, phototransistors based on rubrene single crystals have been fabricated using octyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treated SiO2 as a substrate and memory effect has been observed and studied. Memory writing realized by the combined stimulation of applied gate voltage and light illumination was observed to be strongly dependent on the applied gate voltage. When the applied gate voltage, Vg = 100 V, only 500 ms writing time was found to be sufficient to achieve the memory window of 25 V. Long retention time of over 10 000 s as well as stable writing-reading-erasing-circle were also observed in the rubrene single crystal based phototransistor device. Even at high temperature of 100 °C, the device demonstrated stable memory effect. Thus we attributed the excellent memory effect to the deep electron traps. To clarify further the origin of persistent photocurrent, strongly hydrophobic fluorinated polyimide (FPI) was used as a dielectric layer to exclude the hydroxyl groups at the semiconductor/insulator interface. Compared to the OTS treated SiO2 based device, the photocurrent was saturated in a shorter time in FPI based counterpart, regardless of the light intensity and persistent photoconductivity was also observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of rubrene single crystal revealed the existence of characteristic oxidation states, both in the high resolution C 1s and O 1s spectra, which behave as electron traps. In conclusion, we attribute the photo memory effect in rubrene single crystal based device to the oxygen related defects as well as to the hydroxyl groups at the dielectric/single crystal interface.
Griffiths-like phase and charge-spin glass state in La1.5Sr0.5CoO4
Authors: Ahad Abdul , Shukla D. K. , Rahman F. , Gautam K. , Dey K. , Majid S. S. , Sharma S. K. , Coaquira J. A. H.
Published: September 2018

Hole-doped antiferromagnetic La2CoO4 has been known to possess intriguing electronic and magnetic phases due to the complex temperature and magnetic field dependent behavior of Co3+ ions. Here, we report on magnetic and dielectric observations in the half hole-doped La1.5Sr0.5CoO4. A Griffiths-like phase has been observed in the high temperature region below TG (∼244 K). At low temperature (∼55 K), a metamagnetic phase has been observed where antiferromagnetic correlations appear. On further cooling, a static weak antiferromagnetic ordering appears at ∼30 K, and a charge-spin glass state has been realized at ∼14 K.
ID-HALL, a new double stage Hall thruster design. I. Principle and hybrid model of ID-HALL
Authors: Dubois L. , Gaboriau F. , Liard L. , Harribey D. , Henaux C. , Garrigues L. , Hagelaar G. J. H. , Mazouffre S. , Boniface C. , Boeuf J. P.
Published: September 2018

In Hall thrusters, ions are extracted from a quasineutral plasma by the electric field induced by the local drop of electron conductivity associated with the presence of a magnetic barrier. Since the electric field is used both to extract and accelerate ions and to generate the plasma, thrust and specific impulse are not independent in a Hall thruster. There is a need for versatile thrusters that can be used for a variety of maneuvers, i.e., that can operate either at high thrust or at high specific impulse for a given power. The double stage Hall thruster (DSHT) design could allow a separate control of ionization and acceleration, and hence separate control of thrust and specific impulse. In the DSHT configuration, a supplementary plasma source (ionization stage), independent of the applied voltage, is added and placed upstream of the magnetic barrier (acceleration stage). The DSHT concept is also well adapted to the use of alternative propellants, lighter and with a less efficient ionization than xenon. Several designs of double stage Hall thrusters have been proposed in the past, but these attempts were not really successful. In this paper, we present a brief review of the main DSHT designs described in the literature, we discuss the relevance of the DSHT concept, and, on the basis of simple physics arguments and simulation results, we propose a new design, called ID-HALL (Inductive Double stage HALL thruster). In this design, the ionization stage is a magnetized inductively coupled RF plasma. The inductive coil is inside the central cylinder of the thruster and located nearby the acceleration stage. Preliminary modeling results of this DSHT are described.
ID-HALL, a new double stage Hall thruster design. II. Experimental characterization of the inductive ionization source
Authors: Dubois L. , Gaboriau F. , Liard L. , Boniface C. , Boeuf J. P.
Published: September 2018

Double Stage Hall Thrusters (DSHTs) are designed to allow separate control of ionization and ion acceleration by adding a plasma source (ionization stage) upstream of the magnetic field barrier (acceleration stage) of a standard Hall thruster. In this paper, we propose a new DSHT concept, ID-HALL, where the ionization stage is an inductively coupled magnetized plasma generated around the inner cylinder of the Hall thruster and located as close as possible to the magnetic barrier. This thruster design should allow efficient ionization, minimize charged particle losses to the walls, and optimize ion extraction. We present the general design of the ID-HALL thruster, and we focus on the experimental characterization of the ionization stage.
Auger electron angular distributions following excitation or ionization of the I 3d level in methyl iodide
Authors: Forbes Ruaridh , De Fanis Alberto , Bomme Cédric , Rolles Daniel , Pratt Stephen T. , Powis Ivan , Besley Nicholas A. , Nandi Saikat , Milosavljević Aleksandar R. , Nicolas Christophe , Bozek John D. , Underwood Jonathan G. , Holland David M. P.
Published: September 2018

Auger electron spectra following excitation or ionization of the I 3d level in CH3I have been recorded with horizontally or vertically plane polarized synchrotron radiation. These spectra have enabled the Auger electron angular distributions, as characterized by the β parameter, to be determined. The I 3d photoionization partial cross section of CH3I has been calculated with the continuum multiple scattering approach, and the results show that in the photon energy range over which Auger spectra were measured, the I 3d cross section exhibits an atomic-like behavior and is dominated by transitions into the εf continuum channel. In this limit, the theoretical value of the alignment parameter (A20) characterizing the core ionized state in an atom becomes constant, independent of photon energy. This theoretical value has been used to obtain the Auger electron intrinsic anisotropy parameters (α2) from the β parameters extracted from our normal (non-resonant) molecular Auger spectra. The resulting anisotropy parameters for the M45N45N45 transitions in CH3I have been compared to those calculated for the corresponding transitions in xenon, and the experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement. Anisotropy parameters have also been measured for the M45N1N45, M45N23N45, and M45N45O23 transitions. For the M45N1N45 and M45N23N45 Auger decays in CH3I, the experimentally derived angular distributions do not exhibit the strong dependence on the final ionic state that is predicted for these transitions in xenon. Resonantly excited Auger spectra have been recorded at 620.4 and 632.0 eV, coinciding with the I 3d5/2 → σ* and 3d3/2 → σ* transitions, respectively. The resulting Auger electron angular distributions for the M4N45N45 and M5N45N45 decays were found to exhibit a higher anisotropy than those for the normal process. This is due to the larger photo-induced alignment in the neutral core excited state. For a particular Auger transition, the Auger electron kinetic energy measured in the resonantly excited spectrum is higher than that in the normal spectrum. This shift, due to the screening provided by the electron excited into the σ* orbital, has been rationalized by calculating orbital ionization energies of I 3d excited and I 3d ionized states in CH3I.
A novel L-band slow wave structure for compact and high-efficiency relativistic Cerenkov oscillator
Authors: Dai Ouzhixiong , He Juntao , Ling Junpu , Wang Lei , Han Jianxun
Published: September 2018

A novel L-band slow wave structure (SWS) for compact and high-efficiency relativistic Cerenkov oscillator is proposed. The SWS is composed of orthogonal array of two all-metal metamaterial units. Since the metamaterial used for constructing the SWS has a negative equivalent permittivity and permeability, the fundamental mode of the SWS has a negative dispersion and can work below cutoff frequency of circular waveguide with the same size, indicating that the structure has advantage of miniaturization. Analysis of high-frequency characteristics shows that interaction impedance of the fundamental mode (quasi TM01 mode) is greater than 70 Ω across operating frequency band, which indicates that this structure is expected to achieve the high efficiency of high power microwave sources. By adopting an orthogonal arrangement between metamaterial resonant units, the angular uniformity of electric field in SWS space is significantly improved, and the non-uniformity of electric field due to asymmetry of the metamaterial units is reduced. In addition, an L-band relativistic Cerenkov oscillator is constructed using this metamaterial SWS. In the acceleration voltage U = 550 kV, beam current I = 1.5 kA, and axial uniform magnetic field B = 1.5 T conditions, preliminary particle simulations show that the Cerenkov oscillator obtains a 240 MW average power at 1.405 GHz, with an efficiency of 29.1%, and axial length around one λ. This Cerenkov oscillator obtains a high power and efficiency in a miniature and compact microwave device.
Multiple modulations of strain- and charge-mediated converse magnetoelectric coupling effects in a STO/Fe3O4/Au/PZT multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Wu H. , Zhou S. D. , Li Y. , Wang Y. G. , Pan F. M.
Published: September 2018

The multiple modulations of strain- and charge-mediated converse magnetoelectric coupling effects have been achieved in a multiferroic heterostructure of SrTiO3(STO)/Fe3O4/Au/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT) multilayers grown on a Nb:SrTiO3 substrate. By altering the position of the applied electric field, the heterostructure is divided into three structure parts, i.e., Fe3O4/Au/PZT, STO/Fe3O4, and STO/Fe3O4/Au/PZT. In such an optimized heterostructure, the strain and charge effects can be directly separated, quantified, and co-regulated and the pure strain, pure charge, and the combined strain and charge effects can thus be obtained, respectively. The in-plane magnetization variation behaviors induced by electric fields are different for the three individual modulations, which are closely related to the interfacial strain propagation and interfacial charge accumulation. It is also found that the strain and charge effects can interact with each other as the two interfacial effects coexist.
Surface trap with dc-tunable ion-electrode distance
Authors: An Da , Matthiesen Clemens , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Berlin-Udi Maya , Gorman Dylan , Möller Sönke , Urban Erik , Häffner Hartmut
Published: September 2018

We describe the design, fabrication, and operation of a novel surface-electrode Paul trap that produces a radio-frequency-null along the axis perpendicular to the trap surface. This arrangement enables control of the vertical trapping potential and consequentially the ion-electrode distance via dc-electrodes only. We demonstrate the confinement of single 40Ca+ ions at heights between 50 μm and 300 μm above planar copper-coated aluminum electrodes. Laser-cooling and coherent operations are performed on both the planar and vertical motional modes. This architecture provides a platform for precision electric-field noise detection and trapping of vertical ion strings without excess micromotion and may have applications for scalable quantum computers with surface ion traps.
Low computational cost semi-analytical magnetostatic model for magnetocaloric refrigeration systems
Authors: Plait A. , Giurgea S. , de Larochelambert T. , Nika P. , Espanet C.
Published: September 2018

The analysis of the active magnetic refrigeration (AMR) cycle for different waveforms of both the magnetic field and the velocity of the heat transfer fluid is an essential challenge in designing and implementing heating and cooling systems based on the magnetocaloric effect. One of the most important issue is the correct modelling of the magnetic and thermal behavior of the active magnetocaloric materials (MCM) in order to estimate precisely cooling capacity of the magnetocaloric system. As the multiphysics coupling implies successive calls for both the thermal and the magnetic modelling subroutines, the execution time of these subroutines has to be as short as possible. For this purpose, a new magnetostatic model based on reluctance network has been performed to calculate the internal magnetic field and the internal magnetic flux density of the active magnetocaloric material (gadolinium, Gd) inside the air gap of the magnetic circuit. Compared to a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM), our magnetostatic semi-analytical model leads to a sharp drop of the computation time, while offering a similar precision for all magnetic quantities in the whole magnetocaloric system.
Communication: Multidimensional triple sum-frequency spectroscopy of MoS2 and comparisons with absorption and second harmonic generation spectroscopies
Authors: Morrow Darien J. , Kohler Daniel D. , Czech Kyle J. , Wright John C.
Published: September 2018

Triple sum-frequency (TSF) spectroscopy is a recently developed methodology that enables collection of multidimensional spectra by resonantly exciting multiple quantum coherences of vibrational and electronic states. This work reports the first application of TSF to the electronic states of semiconductors. Two independently tunable ultrafast pulses excite the A, B, and C features of a MoS2 thin film. The measured TSF spectrum differs markedly from absorption and second harmonic generation spectra. The differences arise because of the relative importance of transition moments and the joint density of states (JDOS). We develop a simple model and globally fit the absorption and harmonic generation spectra to extract the JDOS and the transition moments from these spectra. Our results validate previous assignments of the C feature to a large JDOS created by band nesting.
Emergency department models of care in Queensland: a multisite cross-sectional study
Authors: Bell Anthony , Toloo Ghasem-Sam , Crilly Julia , Burke John , Williams Ged , McCann Bridie , FitzGerald Gerry
Published: September 2018

Objective
The acuity and number of presentations being made to emergency departments (EDs) is increasing. In an effort to safely and efficiently manage this increase and optimise patient outcomes, innovative models of care (MOC) have been implemented. What is not clear is how these MOC reflect the needs of patients or relate to each other or to ED performance. The aim of this study was to describe ED MOC in Queensland, Australia.

Methods
Situated within a larger mixed-methods study, the present study was a cross-sectional study. In early 2015, leaders (medical directors and nurse managers) from public hospital EDs in Queensland were invited to complete a survey detailing ED activity, staffing profiles, treatment space, MOC and National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) performance. Routinely collected ED information system data was also used.

Results
Twenty of the 27 EDs invited participated in the study (response rate 74%). An extensive array of MOC were identified that were categorised into those that facilitate input, throughput and output from the ED. There was no consistent evidence as to the relative effectiveness of these MOC in achieving ED performance benchmarks, such as NEAT performance.

Conclusion
There is considerable variability in the MOC used throughout EDs in Queensland. A more complete analysis of the relative effectiveness of different MOC either in isolation or as part of a comprehensive approach would help inform more consistent MOC in Queensland EDs.

What is known about the topic?
MOC in any given ED are implemented in response to factors such as the geographical location of the hospital, hospital-specific characteristics and service profile, staffing profile and patient demographic profile. In the era of time-based targets, they may also serve to address a particular aspect of flow in the face of rising ED demand. Although many of the MOC attempt to deal with flow in a linear fashion, target specific phases of the ED journey or address particular patient cohorts, what is clear is that not all EDs are shaped and formed the same.

What does this paper add?
The study provides a comprehensive description of the varied models of care operating within Queensland public hospital EDs and how they relate to ED performance. A basic taxonomy of contemporary ED MOC is necessary to allow comparison between departments and inform decisions regarding safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

What are the implications to practitioners?
A contemporary understanding of the presence and profile of ED MOC that currently exist within a network of hospitals and health services is important for managers, clinicians and patients to inform decision-making regarding the safety, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these models. This understanding can also inform where and how further improvements in care delivery can progress.
CAMSAP3 maintains neuronal polarity through regulation of microtubule stability
Authors: Pongrakhananon Varisa , Saito Hiroko , Hiver Sylvain , Abe Takaya , Shioi Go , Meng Wenxiang , Takeichi Masatoshi
Published: September 2018

Significance

Each neuron forms a single axon and multiple dendrites, and this configuration is important for wiring the brain. How only a single axon extends from a neuron, however, remains unknown. This study demonstrates that CAMSAP3, a protein that binds the minus-end of microtubules, preferentially localizes along axons in hippocampal neurons. Remarkably, mutations of CAMSAP3 lead to production of multiple axons in these neurons. In attempts to uncover mechanisms underlying this abnormal axon extension, the authors found that CAMSAP3-anchored microtubules escape from acetylation, a process mediated by α-tubulin acetyltransferase-1, and depletion of this enzyme abolishes abnormal axon formation in CAMSAP3 mutants. These findings reveal that CAMSAP3 controls microtubule dynamics, preventing tubulin acetylation; this mechanism is required for single-axon formation.
Simultaneous polymerization and adhesion under hypoxia in sickle cell disease
Authors: Papageorgiou Dimitrios P. , Abidi Sabia Z. , Chang Hung-Yu , Li Xuejin , Kato Gregory J. , Karniadakis George E. , Suresh Subra , Dao Ming
Published: September 2018

Significance

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from painful vasoocclusive crises. Polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) in RBCs is generally considered a major contributor to such crisis events. Here, we present the simultaneous and synergistic coupling of adhesion and HbS polymerization. We show that the age of RBCs in circulation plays an important role in mediating this synergistic effect on blood rheology and clinical symptoms. In particular, the youngest RBCs exhibit unique adhesion dynamics, whereby polymerized HbS fiber bundles grow from cell surfaces to serve as sites of cytoadherence. Our molecular-level simulations show how the attachment and dissociation of molecular bonds influence adhesion dynamics. These results provide a framework that could elucidate the mechanistic basis of SCD vasoocclusive pain crises.
Sox12 promotes T reg differentiation in the periphery during colitis
Authors: Tanaka Shigeru , Suto Akira , Iwamoto Taro , Kageyama Takahiro , Tamachi Tomohiro , Takatori Hiroaki , Suzuki Kotaro , Hirose Koichi , Ohara Osamu , Lefebvre Véronique , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

Peripherally induced regulatory T (pT reg) cells play indispensable roles in regulating gut inflammation; however, the mechanism underling the differentiation of pT reg cells under inflammatory conditions remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of Sox12, a member of SoxC family, is significantly induced in T reg cells in colitic mice. We also show that TCR–NFAT signaling induces Sox12 expression in CD4+ T cells. Although Sox12 is not required for the development of thymus-derived T reg (tT reg) cells, Sox12 is involved in the development of pT reg cells under inflammatory conditions in an adoptive transfer colitis model. Moreover, we found that enforced expression of Sox12 is sufficient to promote Foxp3 expression in CD4+ T cells even in the absence of TGF-β or IL-2 and that Sox12 binds to Foxp3 promoter and drives its transcription. These results suggest that TCR-NFAT signaling induces the development of pT reg cells in colitic mice partly through Sox12 induction.
4D cell biology: big data image analytics and lattice light-sheet imaging reveal dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in stem cell–derived intestinal organoids
Authors: Schöneberg Johannes , Dambournet Daphné , Liu Tsung-Li , Forster Ryan , Hockemeyer Dirk , Betzig Eric , Drubin David G.
Published: September 2018

New methods in stem cell 3D organoid tissue culture, advanced imaging, and big data image analytics now allow tissue-scale 4D cell biology, but currently available analytical pipelines are inadequate for handing and analyzing the resulting gigabytes and terabytes of high-content imaging data. We expressed fluorescent protein fusions of clathrin and dynamin2 at endogenous levels in genome-edited human embryonic stem cells, which were differentiated into hESC-derived intestinal epithelial organoids. Lattice light-sheet imaging with adaptive optics (AO-LLSM) allowed us to image large volumes of these organoids (70 × 60 × 40 µm xyz) at 5.7 s/frame. We developed an open-source data analysis package termed pyLattice to process the resulting large (∼60 Gb) movie data sets and to track clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) events. CME tracks could be recorded from ∼35 cells at a time, resulting in ∼4000 processed tracks per movie. On the basis of their localization in the organoid, we classified CME tracks into apical, lateral, and basal events and found that CME dynamics is similar for all three classes, despite reported differences in membrane tension. pyLattice coupled with AO-LLSM makes possible quantitative high temporal and spatial resolution analysis of subcellular events within tissues.
TOBMI: trans-omics block missing data imputation using a k-nearest neighbor weighted approach
Authors: Dong Xuesi , Lin Lijuan , Zhang Ruyang , Zhao Yang , Christiani David C , Wei Yongyue , Chen Feng
Published: September 2018

Motivation

Stitching together trans-omics data is a powerful approach to assess the complex mechanisms of cancer occurrence, progression and treatment. However, the integration process suffers from the ‘block missing’ phenomena when part of individuals lacks some omics data.

Results

We proposed a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) weighted imputation method for trans-omics block missing data (TOBMIkNN) to handle gene-absence individuals in RNA-seq datasets using external information obtained from DNA methylation probe datasets. Referencing to multi-hot deck, mean imputation and missing cases deletion, we assess the relative error, absolute error, inter-omics correlation structure change and variable selection.

The proposed method, TOBMIkNN reliably imputed RNA-seq data by borrowing information from DNA methylation data, and showed superiority over the other three methods in imputation error and stability of correlation structure. Our study indicates that TOBMIkNN can be used as an advisable method for trans-omics block missing data imputation.

Availability and implementation

TOBMIkNN is freely available at https://github.com/XuesiDong/TOBMI.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.