bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of magnetic and multiferroic core/shell nanostructures and their physical properties
Authors: Bedoya-Hincapié Claudia Milena , Restrepo-Parra Elisabeth , López-Carreño Luis Demetrio
Published: November 2018

The potential of nanotechnology in the biomedical field has been crucial for contributing to the possibility of efficiently meeting present necessities with novel materials. Over the last few decades, nanostructures with a core/shell structure have attracted significant attention because of the possibility of changing their physical properties by varying their chemistry and geometry. These structures have become relevant in targeted therapy (drug delivery and treatments to complement chemotherapy and radiotherapy), imaging and in the stimulation of cellular functions. Thus in this paper the current development of core/shell nanostructures is reviewed, emphasizing the physical properties of those that have been proposed as potentially having biomedical applications, which are based in a magnetic behavior or in a mixture of magnetic and electric (multiferroic) phenomena.
Model development for the design of an anaerobic upflow filter separated in two and three phases
Authors: Maldonado-Maldonado Julio Isaac , Márquez-Romance Adriana Mercedes , Guevara-Pérez Edilberto , Pérez Sergio , Rey-Lago Demetrio
Published: November 2018

In this study, the development of models for the design of an anaerobic upflow filters separated into two and three phases are presented, DI-FAFS and TRI-FAFS. Both reactors have been evaluated in the COD removal performance on a total of 54 tests. The experimentalfactors are the volumetric organic load, the temperature and the depth relationship between two consective phases. The conceptual modelis based on equations derived from a mass balance under stationary conditions dS/dt = 0 and advectives dS/dZ ≠ 0; eight equationsapplicable to the DI-FAFS and TRI-FAFS reactors; four equations for each reactor.The equations to obtain the parameters of degradationof organic matter were compared with bibliographic references. Two models were selected and proposed, after adjusted to observationswith R2 adjusted greater than 0.7 and with standard errors of estimation and the absolute average error in the minimum values.
Thermal damage evaluation of full scale concrete columns exposed to high temperatures using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Fernandes Bruno , Gil Augusto Masiero , Bolina Fabrício Longhi , Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca
Published: November 2018

When exposed to elevated temperatures, concrete suffers physicochemical changes, resulting in reduction of mechanical properties, cracking and spalling. These macroscopic changes are related to changes in the microstructure of concrete. In this paper, the microstructure of thermally damaged concrete from real-scale reinforced concrete columns was studied, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Two real-scale reinforced concrete columns, with different concrete mixtures, were exposed to ISO 834 firestandard curve for 4 hours. After heating, concrete core samples were drilled, sectioned and analyzed in different column section depths.Core samples from reference column not exposed to high temperatures, were also obtained. Macroscopic observations showed a change inthe color of concrete exposed to high temperatures. SEM micrographs presented distinct changes in morphology, like coarsening, and thepresence of cracks and voids. XRD diagrams showed a reduction of portlandite and presence of larnite as depth increases.
BIO-OIL PRODUCTION BY HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OF MICROALGAE BIOMASS
Authors: Vlaskin M. S. , Grigorenko A. V. , Chernova N. I. , Kiseleva S. V. , Kumar V.
Published: November 2018

This article presents a new energy efficient installation created for the process of hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with heat recovery. The studying results of the microalgae biomass (Arthrospira platensis) hydrothermal liquefaction at a temperature of 280 °C (holding time is 1 h) are shown. By hydrothermal liquefaction, bio-oil was obtained with much higher content of carbon and lower content of oxygen and nitrogen than the original biomass. Bio-oil was obtained without the use of organic solvents. The output of bio-oil is 29.5%, the heat of combustion is 34.2 MJ / kg. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to evaluate the fractional composition of bio-oil. The fraction of bio-oil with evaporation temperature up to 400 °C is about 80 %. The output of the petrol fraction of bio-oil is 26%. The study first held the comparative thermodynamic estimates of energy consumption during hydrothermal liquefaction and drying microalgae biomass, as well as the contribution of thermal energy recovery to increasing the efficiency of hydro-thermal liquefaction. The article presents the results of calculations showing that due to heat recovery, hydrothermal liquefaction has high thermodynamic efficiency and is therefore a very promising way of processing the microalgae biomass for obtaining biofuel. According to the estimates, recuperation can save up to 35% of the thermal energy spent on hydrothermal liquefaction.
SOUTH PATAGONIA: WIND/HYDROGEN/COAL SYSTEM WITH REDUCED CO2 EMISSIONS
Authors: Spazzafumo G.
Published: November 2018

Wind is a significant renewable energy source in Patagonia, which could generate a very large amount of electrical energy. However, it is not possible to put such a large amount of energy on to the grid due to instability issues. Electrolysis could facilitate the storage of such energy in the form of hydrogen, which could be used for peak power production or for vehicles. However, hydrogen storage and distribution are still very expensive. On the other hand, South Patagonia has reserves of coal which exploitation is not easy. One solution could be underground coal gasification. Unfortunately, using coal results in high emissions of carbon dioxide. Hydrogen from wind energy could be the solution to convert coal to methane and to eventually generate electrical power. In this way, a large amount of renewable energy could be introduced to the energy system with a reduction in the emissions of carbon dioxide.
LITHIUM ENRICHING BY ISOTOPE 7Li WITH ELECTROMEMBRANE METHOD
Authors: Gabrielyan A. V. , Kazaryan М. A. , Martoyan A. G. , Sachkov V. I. , Martoyan G. A.
Published: November 2018

The need for using isotopes in the nuclear power engineering, medicine, as well as in the sphere of control of engineering and construction facilities is increasing annually. However, the isotope separation methods do not allow to meet the need for production of a significant list of isotopes, including the purity of lithium isotopes. The process of amalgamation to date is the main technology of enrichment of 7Li in practical use. Other methods have very low separation efficiency and are not suitable for mass production. The present work is devoted to a new method for enriching the isotope 7Li, in parallel, the work presents the method of separating lithium isotopes by amalgamation modified by authors. The study relates to physical chemistry, in particular to electromigration processes and methods for separating lithium isotopes. A new promising approach for separating Li isotopes is the electrodialysis process using an ionic liquid as an electrolyte. Data on the relevance and uses of 7Li isotopes are given, the existing methods and criteria for the separation of lithium isotopes are considered. The article briefly describes the principle of the new technology, the regimes of enrichment experiments and the details of analysis of products obtained. Moreover, the new technology demonstrates the good environmental characteristics, it is amenable to mass production and has very low power consumption. However, it should be also emphasized that ionic liquids are very sensitive to impurities which inevitably appear in the electrolyte during separation process. One of the most important characteristics of isotope separation methods and technologies is the specific energy consumption, so currently the problem of reducing energy consumption is acute, for which it is necessary to create new methods for separation and purification of isotope systems and modernization of technologies already introduced in industry. The proposed method for enriching the 7Li isotope is carried out by controlling the process of electromigration of lithium ions through ion-exchange membranes in the electrolytic cell compartments. The work in the long-term future can ensure an increase in the efficiency of enrichment process for the 7Li isotope and a decrease in specific energy costs.
IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY: THE ROLE OF REGULATORY CELLS (TREGS)
Authors: Oleinik E. K. , Churov A. V. , Oleinik V. M.
Published: November 2018

Memory T cells are necessary for development of the immune response and represent one of the most numerous population of human T lymphocytes. On the contrary, suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) may terminate the immune response and help to maintain tolerance to self-antigens. These important groups of cells are consisting of different subpopulations and retaining throughout life. However, today there is yet no clear understanding of how the relations between these two groups of cells are formed. In this work we consider possible ways of development and maintenance of CD4+ T cell memory and role of Tregs in these processes. Mechanisms of a differentiation of memory T cells, Tregs and recently described memory Tregs are discussed. The functional and genetic characteristics of these cells are compared. Division of cells according to the functional profile allows drawing parallels between memory T cells and Tregs. These two groups are consisted of central circulating populations (Tc), effector which can migrate toward specific tissues (Te) and tissue-resident cells (Tr), which are staying in peripheral tissues. The similar structural organization of Tregs and memory T cells, existence of transitional forms of tissue-resident Treg subpopulations with properties of memory cells assumes existence of close interrelation between these groups of lymphocytes. The conversion of CD4+ memory T cells into FoxP3-expressing Tregs is one of possible mechanisms of communication between these two groups. The memory Treg-cells with T cell and memory Treg-cell properties can represent a transitional stage of differentiation. On the other side, Treg cells can differentiate independently of memory T cells and accumulate during life in the form of memory Treg cells. The supressor function of Tregs is also necessary as well as function of memory T cells to develop the immune response. It is possible, that a subset of Treg cells undergoes selection in thymus and constitutively express TCR-receptors having affinity with peripheral tissues. Further, these committed cells can be settled into tissues and become tissue-resident Treg cells which maintain regional T cell memory. Tregs can represent the “mirror image” of the structural organization of memory T cells, but with the return sign – the sign of suppression. The quantitative ratio of Tregs and memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+CD25hiFoxP3+/CD4+CD45RO+CD25-FoxP3-), perhaps, is important criterion for functional assessment of immune system. The balance between these functionally opposite cell subsets has to provide stable functioning of immune system.
COMBINED EFFECT OF ANTIBODIES TO BENZO[A]PYRENE, ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE UPON SEX HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD SERUM OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF FETUS
Authors: Glushkov A. N. , Krasilnikova K. S. , Polenok E. G. , Kostyanko M. V. , Olennikova R. V. , Nersesyan S. L.
Published: November 2018

Specific antibodies against environmental chemical gene toxicants and endogenous steroid hormones are shown to modulate concentrations of these compounds in blood serum and their biological effects in experimental models. However, probable hazards of such antibodies in human teratogenesis are still unknown. In particular, potential correlations between specific serum antibodies, sex hormone levels in pregnant women, and congenital malformations in newborns are not clear. The aim of this study was to identify possible associations between occurrence of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone (Bp, Es and Pg, respectively), and congenital malformations, and effects of these antibodies upon Es and Pg concentrations in blood serum of pregnant women. We have included into the study 182 women with normal pregnancy and 101 females with congenital malformations of fetus. A non-competitive solid phase immunoassay was performed using Bp, Es and Pg conjugated to bovine serum albumin as antigens. Es and Pg serum concentrations were measured using immunoassay test-systems of “Immunotech” (Moscow). Results: strong positive correlations were revealed between the levels of studied antibodies in the both groups. High IgA-Bp/IgA-Es (> 3) and IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ratios (> 3) were associated with congenital malformations (OR = 2.2, p = 0.013 and OR = 6.8, p < 0.0001). Positive correlations were revealed between Pg/Es and IgA-Bp/IgA-Es (rS = 0.62, p < 0.0001), and IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ratios (rS = 0.77, p < 0.0001) in cases with inborn malformations. Similar correlations were found for the women who had normal pregnancy (rS = 0.4, p = 0.0001, and rS = 0.23, p = 0.026, respectively). The Pg/Es proportion correlated with IgG-Bp/IgG-Es (rS = 0.46, p = 0.002), and with IgG-Bp/IgG-Pg ratio (rS = 0.5, p = 0.0009) in cases of malformations, but not in women with normal pregnancy. Conclusion: we have revealed novel associations between congenital malformations of fetus and ratios of IgA-Bp/IgA-Es, as well as IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg, like as positive correlations between hormonal Pg/Es proportions, and ratios of specific antibodies in pregnant women.
La investigación e "imputación policial" en los delitos contra los recursos naturales y el medio ambiente
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Pedro
Published: November 2018

La presente publicación se ocupa, desde una perspectiva investigadora policial, de los delitos regulados por los artículos 325 a 331 del Código Penal español. No obstante, la práctica totalidad del libro se centra en el tipo básico del delito ecológico tradicional, regulado en el artículo 325 CP. En sus páginas se puede observar cómo la práctica policial debe adaptarse a las corrientes jurisprudenciales para desarrollar un trabajo de calidad, trabajo que se inicia con los denominados atestados especializados, confeccionados bajo las órdenes de los fiscales provinciales delegados en Medio Ambiente, para poder llevar a cabo, con el mínimo de problemas procesales posible, la imputación policial de los presuntos autores de estas conductas penales y su posterior enjuiciamiento. También se explican los distintos procesos de investigación que se pueden dar en este tipo de delitos, lo que nos lleva a adentrarnos en las diferentes técnicas de investigación de que se pueden servir los diferentes cuerpos policiales, ya sean estatales, autonómicos o locales. Como resultado de todo ello, se detalla la confección y tramitación de un atestado especializado tipo en esta materia, que puede servir de guía, sobre todo, a las policías menos experimentadas en las investigaciones ambientales.
Pseudomonas isolation agar v1
Authors: M Monteith Katy
Published: November 2018

This protocol decribes how to make 1 L of Pseudomonas isolation agar for the culturing of Pseudomonas bacterial species on plates. The use of a genus specific isolation media such as Pseudomonas isolation media reduces the risk of plate contamination with a diiferent bacterial species when trying to isolate a particular bacterial strain.
Evolution of US foreign policy: from George Bush to Barack Obama
Authors: Lakishyk Dmytro
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes the doctrinal and geostrategic foundation of the US foreign policy in the period from George Bush to Barack Obama. We argue that the fundamental approach G.W. Bush was formally based on the concept of critical geopolitics, which made possible to use all known forms of influence to change the political and economic state systems in its focus. Further, we show that key means of implementing this strategy were: the rejection of isolationism and protectionism; focus on leadership as an alternative to isolationism; free and fair trade and open markets as opposed to protectionism; preventive influence on events.

The Obama administration demonstrates a clear commitment to multilateralism in making and implementing decisions that carry global significance. The proposed Barack Obama’s foreign policy strategy contains a number of important innovations of tactical and strategic nature: in particular, for the first time it combines all of the key tools of American influence – diplomacy, economic instruments, military strength and intelligence; national security forces to serve geopolitical interests. We discuss four aspects of the foreign policy – security; economic prosperity; promotion of «universal values»; strengthening of world order under the American leadership.

International political strategy of the USA maintains a global focus, which requires daily reinforcement of global leadership and safeguarding of the active ties with allies and partners. US maintain a unique set of tools that enable a targeted and multidimensional influence on the world economy and international relations. At the same time, US foreign policy is becoming more balanced and restrained, avoiding excessive obligations, risk or resources.
FRIGHTENING OF CHILDREN BY PARENTS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Romenkova Valentīna
Published: November 2018

The article attempts to generalize data on such a complex pedagogical and psychological phenomenon as the deliberate frightening of children by adults. Despite an obvious or apparent harm, it is still included in the established set of methods of family education. In our study, we studied the origins of this phenomenon, the degree of its prevalence in the practice of family education at the present time, and the consequences of using threats in the process of education in the assessments of the adults who were brought up in this way.To achieve the research objectives, a number of former children who were frightened in childhood by their parents, the content of adults’ threats, the motives for frightening children and its influence on the further development of the child were studied.
TEACHERS’ SKILLS OF EVALUATION AND PLANNING AS A PREREQUISITE FOR MANAGING EFFECTIVE LEARNING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ IN–DEPTH UNDERSTANDING AND COMPETENCE
Authors: Vilkaste Aivars
Published: November 2018

Teaching and learning is a bilateral process and students’ learning outcomes depend to a large extent on the motivation and performance of each individual teacher in the classroom and on the activities of all school teachers. Teacher's ability to evaluate and plan teaching and learning is one of the most important professional skills because systematic evaluation, planning and re-evaluation are an integral part of learning and maximization of development, which makes teaching effective and provides students with a profound understanding and competence. These are the means by which it can be ascertained that the results achieved are in line with national and local educational requirements. The paper analyzes the teachers' understanding of effective teaching and their skills to evaluate the teaching/learning process and to plan effective teaching as well as the need to improve teachers’ evaluation and planning skills.
THE ROLE OF THE DEEP TEACHING FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPETENCY-BASED EDUCATION
Authors: Strauta Ginta
Published: November 2018

At the moment, learning are very limited, mostly dominated by a frontal teachers work and tasks that encourage repeating. Educational content should provide students with tasks, that are as close as possible to life situations, so that students know, how to act and require the use of all available resources.The aim of the article is to draw teachers' attention to the importance of deep teaching in organizing the teaching process, and to identify the most important aspects of the deep teaching, of the implementation of competence-based education. Research methods: analysis of pedagogical and psychological scientific literature and normative acts, student and teacher survey, data processing in SPSS 22.0.
THE ESSENCE OF CONSUMER EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Danilane Liga
Published: November 2018

Social changes associated with joining the European Union, opening Latvia’s borders, accession to international organizations, exchange of intellectual and material values challenge the targeted improvement of education system for creation and consumption of values. This process is focused on development of a personality who is capable of self-deter-mination, therefore, able to choose independently own strategy of develop-ment and self-realization in the market economy relations, especially in terms of today's changing circumstances of global economic crisis. The 21st century comes with modernization of equipment, increasing amount of information, new opportunities for mobility and growth of globalization processes; as a result, people's attitudes change, respected values and goals of life transform, which, in turn, puts forward new requirements for education in connection with basic principles of humanistic pedagogy.
Laser Surgery for eyelid margin tumors
Authors: Kemeny-Beke Adam
Published: November 2018

Eyelid margin is one of the most challenging anatomic regions in the human body and eyelid margin tumors raise special difficulties in the field of periocular surgery based on anatomical, histological and aesthetic points of view.
A novel surgical method for total nail ablation: Use of triple flap technique
Authors: Aksoy Berna , Aksoy Hasan Mete
Published: November 2018

Total nail ablation for the treatment of onychodystrophies can be performed by using chemicals, surgical resection or laser ablation of nail matrix. A female patient with bilateral severe onychodystrophy as a result of inadvertent previous nail surgeries was treated surgically. Proximal complete nail matrix resection and distal 10 mm wide transverse strip partial nail bed resection were performed. A 5 mm wide transverse strip of nail bed was left intact proximally. Proximal nail matrix defect was closed by using the skin of proximal nail fold. The distal nail bed defect was reconstructed by using triple flap technique which was composed of a main central advancement flap containing ventral toe skin and two side flaps containing nail fold skin. The patient healed without any problem and her nail problem was treated successfully. The cosmetic appearance of her first toes was acceptable. Surgical nail ablation followed by volar skin coverage of dorsal surface of the distal phalanx bone by using triple flap technique is an effective surgical treatment method for the correction of advanced nail plate deformities requiring total nail ablation. 
Volumetric estimation of autologous fat for augmentation of contour defects of face
Authors: Bhadani Shilpi , Sarabahi Sujata , Arora Savita , Tiwari Vinay Kumar , Chugh Anmol
Published: November 2018

Autologous fat transfer for correcting contour defects of face has gained wide popularity in aesthetic surgery. However, quantification of fat requirement and its survival is still a fertile area for research to improve the predictability of volume retention of injected fat. There have been no detailed studies of the calculation for the amount of fat to be injected and percentage of fat retained. The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of fat required for correcting a facial deformity and amount retained postoperatively over a period of 6 months. Thirty patients were recruited in a prospective study where in, the fat requirement for augmenting the soft tissue defect was assessed using USG preoperatively and followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months by the same technique. It was found that USG is a simple, objective, reliable, cost-effective method of assessing the fat requirement and retention in autologous fat transfer.
The diagnostic accuracy of the mobile phone teledermatoscopy
Authors: Yildiz Hamza , Bilgili Memet Ersan , Simsek Hasan Aktug
Published: November 2018

The positive predictive value (PPV) of smart mobile phone teledermatoscopy is not known. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPVs) of smart mobile phone teledermatoscopy. Over a period of 6 months, up to three clinical and dermatoscopic images were obtained of 67 skin lesions from 67 patients using a mobile phone camera and standard pocket dermatoscopy device. Out of the 67 patients, 44 were men (65.67%) and 23 were women (34.32%). The mean age of the patients was 39.56 ± 22.19 years (ranging from 18 to 92). The majority of the lesions (71.64%; n=48) were benign, while 11.94% (n=8) of the biopsies were premalignant and 16.41% (n=11) of the lesions were malignant. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions were 93.8%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. PPVs for the diagnosis of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions were 93.8%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and PPVs of all lesions were 95.9% and 95.7%. The accuracy of the teledermatoscopic consultation with a mobile phone is very high. We therefore think that it can be a cost effective and useful method in the consultation at distance.
Nevus of Ota associated with intracranial melanoma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Krishnan Ravi Shankar , Badgwell Christy , Yoshor Daniel , Orengo Ida
Published: November 2018

There is a known association between nevus of Ota and melanomas involving the brain parenchyma and/or the meninges. We present the unusual case of a 32-year-old African-American female with a nevus of Ota and a contralateral parenchymal, primary CNS melanoma. We discuss the unique features of this case and provide a brief review of the literature regarding nevi of Ota and associated CNS melanoma. Our patient is a 32 year-old, African-American female with a left-sided nevus of Ota who presented with a three month history of headaches and paresthesias involving her left face and arm. An MRI of the brain revealed a hemorrhagic mass in the right temporal lobe, which, after craniotomy, was determined to be a melanoma. Extensive imaging, ophthamologic examination and full-body skin examination revealed no other foci of melanoma. To our knowlege, this is the only case of a nevus of Ota associated with contralateral parenchymal melanoma in an African-American patient. The association of contralateral parenchymal primary CNS melanoma with nevus of Ota is extremely unusual.  Futhermore, despite the association of nevus of Ota with CNS melanoma, the literature does not support routine screening of patients with nevus of Ota for CNS melanoma with imaging modalities. 
Procedure and mathematical models for the validation of requirements to combat aircraft with account of ensuring its survivability and damage tolerance on exposure to means of destruction
Authors: Sazhin A. N. , Kovalchuk D. V. , Kolodezhnov V. N. , Malyshev V. A. , Shatovkin R. R.
Published: November 2018

The necessity of creating a complex of mathematical models of the functioning of a combat plane in conditions of exposure to means of destruction to resolve the possible inconsistency of the planes tactical flight properties and performance characteristics is validated in the article. The developed scheme of the procedure of assessing the impact of weapons on the aircraft is presented. The scheme allows justification of the design and layout solutions and circuitry to ensure combat survivability, research and analysis of the damage tolerance of the airframe elements under various conditions of the weapon-aircraft rendezvous, including the early stages of design. The principles underlying the development of mathematical models for the formation of the spatial-geometric structure of the aircraft on the basis of its three-dimensional solid-state configuration, simulation of the weapon warhead detonation with the formation of the field of damage agents, aircraft coverage with damage agents with the definition of the facts of their hitting the aircraft are outlined. The technique makes it possible to produce multiple statistical modeling of the process of impact of standard means of destruction on the aircraft with the assessment of characteristics of combat damage of the airframe structures. The individual kinematic characteristics of each damage agent of the weapon warhead in the contact with the elements of the aircraft structure, taking into account the mass and aerodynamic forces are calculated. Examples of the developed mathematical models are given.
Engines for domestic drones: past, present and future
Authors: Cherkasov A. N. , Legkonogikh D. S. , Zinenkov Yu. V. , Panov S. Yu.
Published: November 2018

The article provides an analytical overview of previously created engines, those in operational service and engines being developed for unmanned military-purpose aerial vehicles. The current state of the engine fleet, modern problems of development and production of domestic engines are described. It is shown that modern unmanned military-purpose aerial vehicles use a variety of types of power plants, for which their main technical characteristics, design and layout schemes are given. Some projects carried out under the program of import substitution are disclosed. The results of work conducted at the Department of Aircraft Engines of the Air Force Academy named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin are presented. The article outlines critical technologies for creating full-size gas turbine engines for the most complex and expensive class of heavy unmanned combat air vehicles with a take-off weight of more than 10 tons, designed to solve a wide range of tasks, including strategic ones. On the basis of the analysis of the existing unmanned systems conclusions were drawn as to the choice of the type of engine depending on their take-off weight. The basic directions of further development of power plants for one of the most dynamically developing branches of aviation unmanned air vehicles - were forecast.
Dynamics of a dual-mass resonant vibration screen in a first approximation
Authors: Dentsov N. N. , Koshelev A. V.
Published: November 2018

The decision on creation of a new energy-efficient vibration screen using combination parametrical resonance is presented. The decision makes it possible to expand functional and operational opportunities of vibration machines. Dynamic and mathematical models of a dual-mass resonant vibration screen are presented. Differential equations of the machine motion are given. The principle of work of a resonant vibration screen is described. The trajectory of motion of the center of mass of the system of pendulums of the inertia member of the parametrical drive during their running in on racetracks is given. A method of reducing the data on a dual-mass system to a single-mass one is presented. At the same time an additional condition on the stiffness of elastic members of the oscillatory system is introduced. The value of the coercive force under steady-state resonant oscillations is identified. Ratios between the masses of actuating devices, damping coefficients and linear displacements of the actuating device are obtained. The parametric resonance coupled with the phenomenon of self-synchronization makes it possible to realize self-controlled and self-supported proper motion of the machine. Real samples of dual-mass oscillatory systems with one and two parametrical vibration generators are presented. On the basis of the results obtained for prototypes of a dual-mass system the conclusion about the stability of the resonant operating mode is drawn. The results of this work can be used to produce new highly efficient resonant vibration machines.
Shaping technologies for manufacturing noise insulation casings of turbojet engines
Authors: Molod M. V. , Maksimenkov V. I. , Fedoseev V. I.
Published: November 2018

The article discusses questions of shaping honeycomb panels for turbojet engine noise insulation casings. Various types of structures and materials used for manufacturing honeycomb panels are presented. Samples were tested to determine mechanical characteristics. The technology of manufacturing honeycomb panels was determined by the value of relative elongation. The main rejection criteria in forming panels on bending and stretching presses were reviewed. The process of shaping honeycomb panels using computer numerical control (CNC) equipment was analyzed. Force parameters of the shaping process required for the assessment of the stress-strain state and obtaining the control program were determined. The values of the spring action were calculated for single-layer and double-layer panels using the A.A. Ilyushin unloading theorem. It was found that the springing of single-layer and two-layer panels differs due to the magnitude of the generalized rigidity. The value of springing is determined by the known height of the honeycomb panel. Designs of honeycomb panels with different positions of the middle layer along the height of the panel are given. Graphs showing the dependence of the punch radius adjusted for the value of springing on the radius of the part for various types of structures from titanium alloys and stainless steels are presented.
Evaluation of turbine rotor blade life taking into account static and thermal cyclic loading
Authors: Badamshin I. Kh.
Published: November 2018

The existing methods of evaluating turbine life, taking into account the effects of static and thermal cyclic loading, are based on experimental data. The need for cost- and labor-intensive experiments makes this approach difficult to apply. This brings up a crucial task of calculating the life of a turbine blade, taking into account the interaction of static and thermal cyclic loading. The classical methods based on the hypothesis of continuity do not allow calculating the strength and thermo-physical properties of a material. This problem is solved by the transition to the models of the behavior of materials from the continuity hypothesis to the account of the inter-atomic forces at the level of an elementary atomic cell. This approach makes it possible to calculate strength, elastic and thermo-physical parameters of structural elements theoretically and semi-empirically. These parameters are used as the initial data in calculating the stress-strain state of gas turbine engine elements. They are required to calculate creep strain semi-empirically. In its turn, the ultimate creep strain is a criterion for both static and thermal cyclic loading, which makes it possible to determine the blade life, taking into account their mutual influence.
Estimating the efficiency of a bypass turbojet engine on the basis of a serial gas generator as a part of the power plant of a high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Zinenkov Yu. V. , Lukovnikov A. V. , Popov A. V. , Nechaev V. N.
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of solving the problem of defining the engineering concept of a power plant with a bypass turbojet engine based on the gas generator of the serial domestic engine TV7 117 developed by the JSC UEC-Klimov for an advanced high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle. The application of this kind of unmanned aerial vehicle is justified, which determines the relevance of the study. The general statement of the problem is given, where the option of the scheme of a bypass turbojet engine with mixing of the contour flows behind the turbine based on the gas generator of the TV7-117 engine is demonstrated and the essence of the solution of the considered problem is revealed. The authors describe the developed method for determining the optimal parameters of the power plant of a high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle used in solving the problem. The method includes a universal tool for the calculation and theoretical studies of the system Aircraft power plant a complex mathematical model also constructed by the authors. The vector of the variable parameters of the power plant and unmanned aerial vehicle, as well as the vector of the limited parameters adjustable in the package of constrained and unconstrained multiparametric optimization of IOSO NM 2.0 are presented in the section of the problem statement optimization. In conclusion, special attention is given to the detailed analysis of the results obtained and the conclusions of an advisory nature with a set of characteristics and parameters obtained by calculation for engine options with the original and scaled gas generators of the TV7-117 engine.
A ‘Call to Tools’: DIY between State Building and Consumption Practices in the GDR
Authors: Kreis Reinhild
Published: November 2018

This article discusses state attempts to politicize do-it-yourself activities in order to strengthen the regime of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) in East Germany. To be sure, for many East Germans DIY practices were a hobby and a pastime. Given the notorious shortage of consumer goods and the slow progress in improving standards of living in the GDR, however, it was also a strategy to overcome the shortcomings of the socialist society. The SED attempted to make a virtue out of this necessity by reinterpreting DIY practices as a personal contribution to the building up of the GDR and socialist society. Performed in the right way, practices of DIY were supposed to contribute to both the material and the ideological consolidation of the GDR. In order to direct DIY activities towards undertakings defined as most important by state and party officials, the regime developed particular organizational structures. The annual competition ‘Join in!’, on which this article focuses, addressed the housing situation and therefore one of the most pressing problems of the GDR. Calling upon the East German population to devote their leisure time to the creation of housing spaces, the renovation of state-owned apartment blocks, and the erection and preservation of parks and playgrounds, however, caused new problems. While the East German state tried to generate pride in communal facilities and in public goods rather than in private possessions, this ideal competed with practices of DIY where citizens used their handiwork to improve their private standard of life.
The Material Culture of Human Rights. Consumer Products, Boycotts and the Transformation of Human Rights Activism in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Möckel Benjamin
Published: November 2018

During the 1960s and 1970s, human rights NGOs began to use boycotts and other consumer protests to draw attention to their campaigns. The Anti-Apartheid Movement in particular, used consumer products and spaces of consumption for their campaigns against the South African regime. By focussing on the everyday practice of consumption, these campaigns helped to translate human rights discourse from the sphere of international law and politics into the sphere of civil society and everyday life. The entanglement of human rights activism and consumer culture can thus be seen as an important – but so far mostly overlooked – aspect of the so-called ‘breakthrough’ of human rights discourse in the 1970s. The article looks at this development from a material culture studies approach. It argues that everyday objects played an important role in human rights campaigns, particularly in the context of a mediatization and popularization of human rights in the 1970s and 1980s. The article takes the Anti-Apartheid Movement as a case study. By looking at the boycott campaigns as well as the consumer items the movement began to produce itself in the late 1980s, it shows how material objects and social practices became inextricably intertwined in these campaigns.
Continuing Politics by Other Means: Giving in Cold War Europe
Authors: Capotescu Cristian
Published: November 2018

This article unearths the little-known history of charitable giving in Cold War Europe. The first case explores supply conduits forged in the German Romanian community of West Germany and Romania. Starting in the late 1960s, Western community members became involved in supporting those left behind in Romania through care packages and tourist visits. As the political leadership under Nicolae Ceaușescu adopted drastic austerity measures in the early 1980s, the second case shows how East German volunteer groups organized aid to Romania from within the socialist bloc. The discussion concludes that the provisioning relationships uncovered in both examples integrated the world of materials into daily aspirations of ‘governing precarious lives’ to a new repertoire for public action that did not remain external to politics but rather reformulated what was at stake in politics through immediate, direct acts of assistance.
Electromagnetic Fields in Technology of Processing of Polymeric Materials
Authors: Nasybullin A.R. , Morozov O.G. , Morozov G.A.
Published: November 2018

The issues related to the implementation of the process of depolymerizing of waste polymers, initiated by thermal action of an intense electromagnetic microwave field, are considered. The reactions considered are distinguished by the possibility of reducing the initial monomers or oligomers. The required reaction temperatures are achieved by indirect heating due to the presence of carbon thermal converters in the mixture or the use of liquid reagents characterized by high microwave losses. The results of the study of two different mechanisms of depolymerizing, namely the decomposition of the polymer in a glycol medium and thermal decomposition, are shown. The methods of mathematical modeling of the joint problem of electrodynamics and heat conduction are analyzed to estimate the temperature regimes of the processes of thermal decomposition of polymers. Experimental studies are illustrated by examples of the depolymerizing of polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate, the destruction products of which were esters of terephthalic acid, styrene and methyl methacrylate.
Comparative Environmental and Economic Analysis of Methods for the Remediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils by in situ Bioremediation and Mechanical Soil Replacement
Authors: Slusarevsky A.V. , Zinnatshina L.V. , Vasilyeva G.K.
Published: November 2018

It is shown that the mechanical remediation of oil-contaminated soil is carried out quickly and radically, and the cost of this method (from 3.8 to 62.4 million rubles/ha) is several times higher than the cost of bioremediation. Soil cleaning by in situ bioremediation can last from 1 to 3 growing seasons, but it does not require the transportation and disposal of hazardous waste and does not destroy the soil cover. Adding sorbents and ameliorants for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils is often justified, since it significantly expands the capabilities of the method, although it increases the cost of cleaning from 1.0–4.3 to 1.1–18.3 million rubles/ha, depending on the type and dose sorbent.
Influence of the Presence of Mobile Forms Zn, Cu, Ni on Functioning of the System "Soil-Microbiota-Plant" in Grain Agrocenoses
Authors: Ivantsova E.A. , Kholodenko A.V. , Tikhonova А.А. , German N.V. , Postnova M.V. , Vodolazko A.N.
Published: November 2018

The dynamics of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni) in the soil cover of agricultural land located near the sources of negative anthropogenic impact are considered. These elements have a pronounced cumulative effect, which confirms their concentration during 2000–2017. In the agrocenosis conducted to identify soil microbiota and identified representatives of the genera Agrobacterium and Agrobacter. The revealed features of interaction in the system "soil-microorganisms-plant" allow us to consider one of the tools to increase the productivity of grain agricultural systems by regulating the composition of soil microbocenoses. It is necessary to maintain optimal plant intervals of zinc, copper and nickel concentrations as significant micronutrients. It’s actually for agrobiocenoses formed in the zone of influence of technical objects.
A comparison of C-MAC videolaryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope in intraocular pressure changes, throat pain, intubation time and hemodynamic variables
Authors: Özhan Çaparlar Ceyda , Bumin Aydın Gözde , SEZER Evginar , ERGİL Jülide , ŞANAL DOĞAN Aysun
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to
compare intraocular pressure (IOP), hemodynamic parameters and throat pain in
the use of C-MAC videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope under general
anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. Methods: Seventy-eight
patients aged 18-65 years, ASA (American Society of
Anesthesiologists physical status). I-II, who underwent
elective surgery under general anesthesia were scheduled in the study. The groups were allocated as
Group M (Macintosh laryngoscope) and Group VL (videolaryngoscope). Standard
anesthesia technique was used in both groups. To assess the depth of
anesthesia which was kept between 40 and 60, a Bispectral Index Monitor Model
2000 (Aspect Medical Systems, Inc, Newton, MA) was used throughout the study. We
recorded hemodynamic variables, oxygen saturation before induction, at the 3rd
and at the 10th minutes after intubation. The duration of intubation was
recorded as the time from the laryngoscope entering the mouth to removal with
end-tidal carbon dioxide on the monitor. IOP was measured before
induction, and at the 3rd and 10th minutes after intubation. Inhalation agent
was given after intubation. 78 patients were included in the study. We
recorded cough after extubation, and postoperative sore throat was evaluated by
an anesthesiologist who was blinded to the group allocations at 10 minutes and
at 24 hours postoperatively. Results: There was no significant difference
between the groups regarding age (p >
0.05), mean body mass index (p = 0.157),
mean ASA (p = 0.475), mean bispectral
index values (p
= 0.084)
and mean operating time (p = 0.068).
The mean duration of intubation was determined to be statistically
significantly longer in Group M than in Group VL (p = 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference
between the groups regarding Modified Mallampati Score (p = 0.571) and Cormack Lehane Score (p = 0.819). The mean IOP at 3rd minute after intubation was
determined to be statistically significantly higher in Group M (p = 0.0001). There was no statistically
significant difference between the groups in regarding cough after extubation (p = 0.549), throat pain at 10 minutes (p = 0.662) and at 24 hours
postoperatively.

Conclusions: C-MAC videolaryngoscope can be
recommended as the first choice in patients with high IOP requiring general
anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.