bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of syn‐(3‐Trifluoromethyl)cysteine Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Liu Xiao‐Ping , Qiu Xiao‐Long , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Arylation of Didehydropeptides.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shital K. , Pal Benoy K. , Biswas Suman
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Factors Affecting Stereocontrol During Glycosidation of 2,3‐Oxazolidinone‐Protected 1‐Tolylthio‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine.
Authors: Wei Peng , Kerns Robert J.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation, Characterization and Antiplasmodial Activity of Steroidal Alkaloids from Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf.
Authors: Zirihi Guede Noel , Grellier Philipp , Guede‐Guina Frederick , Bodo Bernard , Mambu Lengo
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of All‐trans Arachidonic Acid and Its Effect on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Dimitris , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla , Samadi Abdelouahid , Siafaka‐Kapadai Athanassia
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Carbohydrate‐Based Approach for the Total Synthesis of Strictifolione.
Authors: Ramana C. V. , Raghupathi N. , Gurjar Mukund K. , Chorghade Mukund S.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lambertellol C, a Labile and Novel Biosynthetic Congener of Lambertellols A and B.
Authors: Murakami Takanori , Sasaki Akane , Fukushi Eri , Kawabata Jun , Hashimoto Masaru , Okuno Toshikatsu
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Temperature Benzene‐Thermal Synthesis of Photoluminescent Turbostratic Boron Nitride Powders.
Authors: Guo Qixun , Xie Yi , Zhu Lei , Yi Chengqi , Hou Hongwei
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Eu‐Doped Lu2O3 Ultrathin Nanorods and Its Luminescent Property.
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Liu Qingfeng , Liu Qian
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fabrication of Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional Platinum Nanoparticle Systems for Chemisorption and Catalytic Reaction Studies
Authors: Somorjai Gabor A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances on TiO2—ZrO2 Mixed Oxides as Catalysts and Catalyst Supports
Authors: Reddy Benjaram , Khan Ataullah
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ab initio Calculations of G‐tensors
Authors: Lushington Gerald H.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Applied Thermodynamics in Chemical Technology: Current Practice and Future Challenges
Authors: Mathias Paul M.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulations of Diffusion and Reactions in Zeolites
Authors: Keil Frerich J. , Coppens Marc‐Olivier
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry Related to Cluster‐Borane Analogues of the Cyclopentadienide Anion and Ferrocene: New Developments
Authors: Stibr Bohumil
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Catalytic Enantioselective Reactions via Palladium Enolates as Key Intermediates
Authors: Sodeoka Mikiko , Hamashima Yoshitaka
Published: September 2005

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Multiphoton Chemical Reactions on Liquid Beam Surfaces
Authors: Kohno Jun‐ya , Mafume Fumitaka , Kondow Tamotsu
Published: September 2005

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Carbon Dioxide and Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Rudkevich Dmitry M. , Xu Heng
Published: September 2005

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Couplings with Monoorganotin Compounds: A “Radical” Twist from the Original Stille Reaction
Authors: Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
trans Lipids: The Free Radical Path
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Exploiting Synthetic Chemistry with Mesoionic Rings: Improvements Achieved with Thioisomuenchnones
Authors: Avalos Martin , Babiano Reyes , Cintas Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. , Palacios Juan C.
Published: September 2005

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Antibiotics and Pregnancy
Authors: Sa Del Fiol F. , Gerenutti M. , Groppo F. C.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polar Attributes of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Raveendran Poovathinthodiyil , Ikushima Yutaka , Wallen Scott L.
Published: September 2005

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Strategies for Constructing Polymeric Micelles and Hollow Spheres in Solution via Specific Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Chen Daoyong , Jiang Ming
Published: September 2005

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Diastereoselective Lewis Acid Mediated Reductions of α‐Alkyl‐β‐Functionalized Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bartolacci Massimo , Giuliani Arianna , Marcantoni Enrico , Massaccesi Massimo
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Route to Ergot Alkaloids
Authors: Moldvai Istvan , Temesvari‐Major Eszter , Incze Maria , Doernyei Gabor , Szentirmay Eva , Szantay Csaba
Published: September 2005

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Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process
Authors: Moad Graeme , Rizzardo Ezio , Thang San H.
Published: September 2005

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The Site of Action of General Anesthetics — A Chemical Approach
Authors: Sandorfy Camille
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Taxol: Synthesis, Bioactive Conformations, and Structure—Activity Relationships in Its Analogues
Authors: Zefirova O. N. , Nurieva E. V. , Ryzhov A. N. , Zyk N. V. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Directed Evolution as an Approach to the Design of Efficient Biocatalysts
Authors: Zagrebelny S. N.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2,3‐Triazole and Its Derivatives. Development of Methods for the Formation of the Triazole Ring
Authors: Krivopalov V. P. , Shkurko O. P.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Plant Alkaloids of the Polymethyleneamine Series
Authors: Rogoza L. N. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave Irradiation for Accelerating Organic Reactions. Part 1. Three‐, Four‐ and Five‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: El Ashry E. S. H. , Ramadan E. , Kassem A. A. , Hagar M.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Annulated Heterocyclo‐Purines. Part 2. Fused Six‐ and More‐Membered Heterocyclo‐Purinediones, ‐Purinones and ‐Purineimines
Authors: Rybar Alfonz
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorine‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 3. Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Heterocycles Using Perfluoroolefins Containing a Reactive Group at the Double Bond
Authors: Furin Georgii G.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fullerenes
Authors: Heine Thomas
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Reactions at Very High Pressure
Authors: Schettino Vincenzo , Bini Roberto , Ceppatelli Matteo , Ciabini Lucia , Citroni Margherita
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two Exemplified Combinatorial Approaches for Catalytic Liquid—Solid and Gas—Solid Processes in Oil Refining and Fine Chemicals
Authors: Serra Jose M. , Corma Avelino
Published: September 2005

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Hydrosilylations: Hydrosilylation of Olefins
Authors: Yamamoto K. , Hayashi T.
Published: September 2005

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Metal Carbene Reactions from Dirhodium(II) Catalysts
Authors: Doyle Michael P.
Published: September 2005

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Photoinduced Reactions of Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hegedus Louis S.
Published: September 2005

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Chromium‐Templated Benzannulation Reactions
Authors: Minatti Ana , Doetz Karl H.
Published: September 2005

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Cycloaddition Reactions of Group 6 Fischer Carbene Complexes
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Rodriguez Felix , Fananas Francisco J. , Florez Josefa
Published: September 2005

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Silenes: The Silicon Carbon Double Bond
Authors: Lerner Hans‐Wolfram
Published: September 2005

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Recent Advances in Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Molteni Valentina , Ellis David A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Centennial Methodology for the Preparation of Heterocyclic Compounds: The Intramolecular Coiodination of Alkenes with Internal Oxygenated Nucleophiles
Authors: Martins da Silva Flavia , Jones, Joel Jr. , de Mattos Marcio C. S.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Processes in Fullerene‐Based Donor—Acceptor Systems
Authors: Thomas K. George , George Manapurathu V. , Kamat Prashant V.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Cyclopropene Pyrolysis Story
Authors: Walsh Robin
Published: September 2005

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The Role of Phosphorus in Chemical Evolution
Authors: Macia Enrique
Published: September 2005

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Selective Organic Reactions Using Microreactors
Authors: Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Suga Seiji , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Elucidating Excited State Electronic Structure and Intercomponent Interactions in Multicomponent and Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Browne Wesley R. , O'Boyle Noel M. , McGarvey John J. , Vos Johannes G.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Control of the Interactions in Multichromophores: Novel Concepts. Perylene Bis‐imides as Components for Larger Functional Units
Authors: Langhals Heinz
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparison of two methods for enumerating circulating tumor cells in carcinoma patients
Authors: Balic Marija , Dandachi Nadia , Hofmann Günter , Samonigg Hellmut , Loibner Hans , Obwaller Andreas , van der Kooi Alexander , Tibbe Arjan G. J. , Doyle Gerald V. , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. , Bauernhofer Thomas
Published: September 2005

Background

Monitoring of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood of carcinoma patients treated with novel compounds may be a measurement of treatment effectiveness. Before it can be used clinically, a reliably method is needed to enumerate CTCs. We compared two methods for CTC enumeration, OnkoQuick and the CellSearch system.

Methods

We drew 22.5 ml of blood into three CellSave tubes from 15 healthy donors and 61 patients with metastatic carcinoma. After pooling, 15 ml was processed with OncoQuick and 7.5 ml with CellSearch.

Results

With both methods no CTCs were found in healthy donors. At least one CTC was detected in 14 of 61 patients (23%) with OncoQuick and 33 of 61 patients (54%) with CellSearch (P < 0.0001). The number of CTCs detected was larger for CellSearch (mean 20 CTCs/7.5 ml of blood) than for OncoQuick (3 CTCs/7.5 ml; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The CellSearch system is a more accurate and sensitive method to enumerate CTCs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate CTC enumeration by the CellSearch system as a monitoring tool for the evaluation of the efficacy of novel anticancer agents. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Semaphorin‐3A and its receptors in endochondral ossification: Potential role in skeletal development and innervation
Authors: Gomez C. , Burt‐Pichat B. , Mallein‐Gerin F. , Merle B. , Delmas P.D. , Skerry T.M. , Vico L. , Malaval L. , Chenu C.
Published: September 2005

Bone tissue is densely innervated, and there is increasing evidence for a neural control of bone metabolism. Semaphorin‐3A is a very important regulator of neuronal targeting in the peripheral nervous system as well as in angiogenesis, and knockout of the Semaphorin‐3A gene induces abnormal bone and cartilage development. We analyzed the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Semaphorin‐3A signaling molecules during endochondral ossification, in parallel with the establishment of innervation. We show that osteoblasts and chondrocytes differentiated in vitro express most members of the Semaphorin‐3A signaling system (Semaphorin‐3A, Neuropilin‐1, and Plexins‐A1 and ‐A2). In vitro, osteoclasts express most receptor chains but not the ligand. In situ, these molecules are all expressed in the periosteum and by resting, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in ossification centers before the onset of neurovascular invasion. They are detected later in osteoblasts and also osteoclasts, with differences in intensity and regional distribution. Semaphorin‐3A and Neuropilin‐1 are also expressed in the bone marrow. Plexin‐A3 is not expressed by bone cell lineages in vitro. It is detected early in the periosteum and hypertrophic chondrocytes. After the onset of ossification, this chain is restricted to a network of cell processes in close vicinity to the cells lining the trabeculae, similar to the pattern observed for neural markers at the same stages. After birth, while the density of innervation decreases, Plexin‐A3 is strongly expressed by blood vessels on the ossification front. In conclusion, Semaphorin‐3A signaling is present in bone and seems to precede or coincide at the temporal but also spatial level with the invasion of bone by blood vessels and nerve fibers. Expression patterns suggest Plexin‐A3/Neuropilin‐1 as a candidate receptor in target cells for the regulation of bone innervation by Semaphorin‐3A. Developmental Dynamics 234:393–403, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hedgehog signaling controls Soma‐Germen interactions during Drosophila ovarian morphogenesis
Authors: Besse Florence , Busson Denise , Pret Anne‐Marie
Published: September 2005

The genetic analysis of Drosophila adult oogenesis has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that control cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and intercellular signaling. However, little is known about the larval and pupal cellular events leading to the formation of the highly organized adult ovary, which is composed of ovarioles each containing germline cells enveloped by specialized somatic cells. We describe here the presence of ovarioles devoid of any germ cells in adult females mutant for fused, which encodes a Hedgehog signal transducing serine/threonine kinase. We show that this phenotype corresponds to a requirement for fused function for the organization of germ cells with respect to ovarian somatic cells during ovariole formation specifically during pupal stages and provide some evidence by means of clonal analysis suggesting that fused function may be necessary in the germline. hedgehog is expressed specifically in somatic terminal filament cells in pupal ovaries, and females bearing hedgehog strong loss‐of‐function mutations also exhibit aberrant germ cell distribution and formation of agametic ovarioles. These results indicate a positive role for Fused in the transduction of somatic Hedgehog signaling instructing ovariole morphogenesis. We also provide evidence for the use of noncanonical Hedgehog signal transducer(s) within germline cells. Developmental Dynamics 234:422–431, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smaller inner ear sensory epithelia in Neurog1 null mice are related to earlier hair cell cycle exit
Authors: Matei V. , Pauley S. , Kaing S. , Rowitch D. , Beisel K.W. , Morris K. , Feng F. , Jones K. , Lee J. , Fritzsch B.
Published: September 2005

We investigated whether co‐expression of Neurog1 and Atoh1 in common neurosensory precursors could explain the loss of hair cells in Neurog1 null mice. Analysis of terminal mitosis, using BrdU, supports previous findings regarding timing of exit from cell cycle. Specifically, we show that cell cycle exit occurs in spiral sensory neurons in a base‐to‐apex progression followed by cell cycle exit of hair cells in the organ of Corti in an apex‐to‐base progression, with some overlap of cell cycle exit in the apex for both hair cells and spiral sensory neurons. Hair cells in Neurog1 null mice show cell cycle exit in an apex‐to‐base progression about 1–2 days earlier. Atoh1 is expressed in an apex‐to‐base progression rather then a base‐to‐apex progression as in wildtype littermates. We tested the possible expression of Atoh1 in neurosensory precursors using two Atoh1‐Cre lines. We show Atoh1‐Cre mediated β‐galactosidase expression in delaminating sensory neuron precursors as well as undifferentiated epithelial cells at E11 and E12.5. PCR analysis shows expression of Atoh1 in the otocyst as early as E10.5, prior to any histology‐based detection techniques. Combined, these data suggest that low levels of Atoh1 exist much earlier in precursors of hair cells and sensory neurons, possibly including neurosensory precursors. Analysis of Atoh1‐Cre expression in E18.5 embryos and P31 mice reveal β‐galactosidase stain in all hair cells but also in vestibular and cochlear sensory neurons and some supporting cells. A similar expression of Atoh1‐LacZ exists in postnatal and adult vestibular and cochlear sensory neurons, and Atoh1 expression in vestibular sensory neurons is confirmed with RT‐PCR. We propose that the absence of NEUROG1 protein leads to loss of sensory neuron formation through a phenotypic switch of cycling neurosensory precursors from sensory neuron to hair cell fate. Neurog1 null mice show a truncation of clonal expansion of hair cell precursors through temporally altered terminal mitosis, thereby resulting in smaller sensory epithelia. Developmental Dynamics 234:633–650, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fjx1: A notch‐inducible secreted ligand with specific binding sites in developing mouse embryos and adult brain
Authors: Rock Rebecca , Heinrich Achim C. , Schumacher Nina , Gessler Manfred
Published: September 2005

The mouse fjx1 gene was identified as a homologue to the Drosophila gene four‐jointed (fj). Fj encodes a transmembrane type II glycoprotein that is partially secreted. The gene was found to be a downstream target of the Notch signaling pathway in leg segmentation and planar cell polarity processes during eye development of Drosophila. Here, we show that fjx1 is not only conserved in vertebrates, but we also identified the murine fjx1 gene as a direct target of Notch signaling. In addition to the previously described expression of fjx1 in mouse brain, we show here that fjx1 is expressed in the peripheral nervous system, epithelial cells of multiple organs, and during limb development. The protein is processed and secreted as a presumptive ligand. Through the use of an fjx1‐AP fusion protein, we could visualize fjx1 binding sites at complementary locations, supporting the notion that fjx1 may function as a novel signaling molecule. Developmental Dynamics 234:602–612, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of a two‐pore domain K+ channel (TASK‐1) in developing avian and mouse ventricular conduction systems
Authors: Graham Victoria , Zhang Hengtao , Willis Shannon , Creazzo Tony L.
Published: September 2005

In this study, we report the identification and amino acid sequence of a novel two‐pore domain potassium channel (TASK‐1) in chicken. This protein, cTASK‐1, is highly similar to mouse and human TASK‐1 particularly within the pore regions. We describe the expression profile of both chicken and mouse TASK‐1 in the embryonic heart as the ventricular conduction system develops. The developmental distribution of TASK‐1 is similar in chicken and mouse. Initially, TASK‐1 is expressed throughout the myocardium of the early heart tube. However, as cardiogenesis proceeds, ventricular expression becomes restricted to the trabeculated myocardium and eventually the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers of the mature conduction system. This finding suggests that components of the ventricular conduction system differentiate from TASK‐1–positive myocytes of the early heart tube that retain TASK‐1 expression as they mature. Our results are consistent with a common mechanism for ventricular conduction system development in avians and mammals, despite differences in the anatomy of the mature conduction systems of these organisms. Developmental Dynamics 235:143–151, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtypes of binge eating disorder based on psychiatric history
Authors: Peterson Carol B. , Miller Kathryn B. , Crow Scott J. , Thuras Paul , Mitchell James E.
Published: September 2005

Objective

This investigation sought to identify subtypes of binge eating disorder (BED) based on history of mood disorder (MOOD) and substance use disorder (SUD).

Method

Eighty‐four women who met criteria for BED were administered semistructured interviews and completed self‐report questionnaires assessing eating pathology, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, body dissatisfaction, and personality traits.

Results

Thirty‐nine participants (46.4%) had a lifetime history of a SUD and 60 (71.4%) had a lifetime history of a MOOD. The SUD subtype was associated with a greater impulsivity and frequency of binge eating episodes compared with the no SUD subtype. The MOOD subtype participants reported greater distress, more psychopathology, less dietary restraint, lower self‐esteem, more frequent binge eating, higher levels of negative affect, and more frequent trauma and abuse history than the no MOOD subtype.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that subtypes of BED on the basis of MOOD and SUD may be associated with a more severe variant of the disorder. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linking the flame‐retardant mechanisms of an ethylene‐acrylate copolymer, chalk and silicone elastomer system with its intumescent behaviour
Authors: Hermansson Anna , Hjertberg Thomas , Sultan Bernt‐Åke
Published: September 2005

In this paper the flame‐retardant mechanisms of a flame‐retardant system consisting of ethylene‐acrylate copolymer, chalk and silicone elastomer are linked to its foaming process and to its formation of a final intumescent structure. Thermocouples were placed inside and at the surface of cone calorimeter test specimens in order to measure the temperature at different depths during the formation of the intumescent structure. The temperature and visual observations of the foaming process were then linked to chemical reactions seen with thermogravimetric analysis and also coupled with earlier knowledge of the flame‐retardant mechanism.

A correlation is seen between the chemical reactions, the temperature (inside and at the surface of a cone calorimeter test specimen) as measured by thermocouples and visual observations in the intumescent process. Further, the outcome of this study provides useful information for achieving a deeper understanding of the flame‐retardant mechanisms of the ethylene‐acrylate copolymer, chalk and silicone elastomer system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading embossed capital letters: An fMRI study in blind and sighted individuals
Authors: Burton H. , McLaren D.G. , Sinclair R.J.
Published: September 2005

Reading Braille activates visual cortex in blind people [Burton et al., J Neurophysiol 2002;87:589–611; Sadato et al., Nature 1996;380:526–528; Sadato et al., Brain 1998;121:1213–1229]. Because learning Braille requires extensive training, we had sighted and blind people read raised block capital letters to determine whether all groups engage visual cortex similarly when reading by touch. Letters were passively rubbed across the right index finger at 30 mm/s using an MR‐compatible drum stimulator. Age‐matched sighted, early blind (lost sight 0–5 years), and late blind (lost sight >5.5 years) volunteers performed three tasks: stating an identified letter, stating a verb containing an identified letter, and feeling a moving smooth surface. Responses were voiced immediately after the drum stopped moving across the fingertip. All groups showed increased activity in visual areas V1 and V2 during both letter identification tasks. Blind compared to sighted participants showed greater activation increases predominantly in the parafoveal‐peripheral portions of visuotopic areas and posterior parts of BA 20 and 37. Sighted participants showed suppressed activity in most of the same areas except for small positive responses bilaterally in V1, left V5/MT+, and bilaterally in BA 37/20. Blind individuals showed suppression of the language areas in the frontal cortex, while sighted individuals showed slight positive responses. Early blind showed a more extensive distribution of activity in superior temporal sulcal multisensory areas. These results show cross‐modal reorganization of visual cortex and altered response dynamics in nonvisual areas that plausibly reflect mechanisms for adaptive plasticity in blindness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Online formation of a hierarchical cognitive map for object–place association by theta phase coding
Authors: Sato Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Yoko
Published: September 2005

Object–place associative memory, the storage of object and place conjunctions based on a one‐time experience, is hippocampal‐dependent in humans. Theta phase precession, a type of neural dynamics observed in the rat hippocampus, has recently been suggested to serve a role in instantaneous memory formation based on a one‐time experience, while its functional role in associating distinct types of information (object and place information) is unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that theta phase encoding with theta phase precession contributes to the storage of object–place associations. To examine this hypothesis, we propose a neural network model of the corticohippocampal system, including central–peripheral visual pathways and theta phase coding in the hippocampus. Memory storage computer experiments demonstrate that the hippocampal network successfully stores the object–place associations of a one‐time experience. Interestingly, it is also found that a random visual input sequence results in a robust formation of asymmetric connections between objects and scenes instantaneously after a single trial. Furthermore, it is found that scene–object connections and scene–scene connections form a hierarchical network representing the spatial alignment of scenes and objects in the environment. Our findings indicate that the theta phase coding, as observed in the rat hippocampus, can facilitate the online memory storage of complex environments in humans as a hierarchical cognitive map. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the social behavior of infants: Use of the ADBB Scale and relationship to mother's mood
Authors: Matthey Stephen , Guedeney Antoine , Starakis Nafsica , Barnett Bryanne
Published: September 2005

Infants can show a range of social behavior when interacting with their main caregiver. Previous work has demonstrated that when the caregiver is depressed, the infant may demonstrate withdrawn behavior not only to this person but also to others. This pilot study used a relatively new assessment tool, the Alarme Distress de Bebe Scale (ADBB; Guedeney and Fermanian, 2001), to assess the social behavior of 44 infants during a routine physical checkup. Results indicated that withdrawn infant social behavior to the clinician was related to the mother's report of whether she had felt more irritable, sad, anxious, or depressed since the birth, but not to her current mood as rated by her score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987). The psychometric properties of the ADBB also were explored. The findings are further evidence for the need to screen for mood difficulties in women with infants not just by focusing on a woman's current mood but also her mood since the infant's birth.
Prenatal diagnosis and management of intrauterine growth restriction: A long‐term prospective study on outcome and maternal stress
Authors: Geva R. , Eshel R. , Leitner Y. , Fattal‐Valevski A. , Harel S.
Published: September 2005

This study examines long‐term effects of antenatal management of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on developmental outcome and on maternal coping using a prospective cross‐sectional design. Sixty‐nine families were evaluated using psychological testing and risk questionnaires. The effects of timing of diagnosis (prenatal/perinatal) and of pregnancy management [induction of labor (IL)/conservative management (CM)/none, i.e., diagnosed‐at‐birth (DaB)] on maternal stress were tested at 6 years' postbirth. In general, prenatal management protocols of IUGR were efficient in preventing major disabilities; however, 49% of the variance in maternal stress at 6 years' postbirth could be attributed to the child's presenting behavior and to pregnancy management of IUGR condition. Mothers who received CM treatment reported being more stressed by their child's poor emotional adjustment (ps < .01–.002) and distractibility (p < .029), and to have more difficulty in accepting them (p < .01). Prenatal psychological consultation to better handle stress for parents whose fetus is diagnosed with IUGR is recommended, particularly when pregnancy is managed conservatively and familial–educational resources are low.
Influence of infant and child facial cues of low body weight on adults' ratings of adoption preference, cuteness, and health
Authors: Volk Anthony A. , Lukjanczuk Janeen M. , Quinsey Vernon L.
Published: September 2005

Infant and child facial cues have been shown to influence decisions and perceptions associated with parental care in adults. Low body weight reflects health problems in infants and children; therefore, facial cues associated with low body weight may influence adult cognitive processes associated with parental care and investment. Facial images of infants and children were digitally manipulated to simulate cues of low body weight and presented to adults using a hypothetical adoption paradigm. Participants' ratings of adoption preference, cuteness, and health were significantly lower for the digitally manipulated low body weight facial images than their unaltered counterparts. These findings support the hypothesis that facial cues of poor health negatively influence adults' responses to infants and children.
The reliability of the ICD‐10 and the DC 0–3 in an epidemiological sample of children 1½ years of age
Authors: Skovgaard A.M. , Houmann T. , Christiansen E. , Andreasen A.H.
Published: September 2005

The aims of this study were to investigate the reliability of ICD‐10 and DC 0–3 in the diagnostic classification of mental health problems in 1½ ‐year‐old children from the general population. The reliability study was conducted as a part of an epidemiological survey of psychopathology in 1½ ‐year‐old children from the general population. In this survey, the children were assessed and diagnosed according to the ICD‐10 and the DC 0–3 after a 2‐hr session including standardized and clinical methods and videorecordings. The case records and video material of 18 children were rediagnosed by the three child psychiatrists, who had diagnosed children in the epidemiological survey. In general, the reliability in diagnostic classification of mental health problems in 1½‐year‐old children was improved with the DC 0–3 compared to the ICD‐10. In the classification of psychopathology at Axis I, the interrater reliability and test‐retest reliability kappas were 0.66 and 0.57, respectively, with the ICD‐10, and 0.72 and 0.74, respectively, with the DC 0–3. The reliability of the classification of relationship disturbances at Axis II with the DC 0–3 was high, corresponding to κ = 1. A high agreement among raters in the differentiation between psychopathology and normal variations was found. Given experienced clinicians and standardized assessment methods, it is possible to reliably identify and diagnose psychopathology in 1½‐year‐old children from the general population.
Theoretical studies on nonlinear optical properties of formaldehyde oligomers by ab initio and density functional theory methods
Authors: Wu Hui‐Yin , Chaudhari Ajay , Lee Shyi‐Long
Published: September 2005

The first and second hyperpolarizability β and γ are obtained for formaldehyde oligomers (H2CO)n (n = 1–7) using computational methods. We have used the finite field (FF) approach and hyperpolarizability density analysis (HDA) to predict the microscopic first and second nonlinear hyperpolarizability of the formaldehyde oligomers. The spatial contributions of electrons to the hyperpolarizability by using plots of HDA are presented. It has been found from the numerical stability checking of the hyperpolarizability calculations that the calculated values by FF method are more stable than those by HDA approach. The values of β are zero when n is even as the molecule possesses centrosymmetry, and when n is odd, the differences among β values are not clear. The γ values are increased with increase in n. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1543–1564, 2005
DNA synthesis during the development of the chick cornea
Authors: Nuttall Robert P.
Published: September 2005

The frequency and pattern of DNA synthesis were analysed autoradiographically in the developing chick cornea. Each cellular population was studied in time‐sequence fashion from the time of its appearance until hatching.

There is a sharp drop in the synthetic index (number of labeled cells/total number of cells) in the anterior corneal epithelium soon after its formation, corresponding in time to the secretion of extracellular matrix material by this tissue. A similar decrease does not occur in adjacent tissues. Continuous labeling experiments show that about 20% of the corneal cells are not in the proliferative pool at this time while 100% of the cells in the underlying lens epithelium and the surrounding head epidermis and head mesenchyme are labeled. Cell cycle measurements indicate that the proliferative kinetics of both the corneal epithelium and the head epidermis are similar at this time even though the percentage of labeled cells in each region differs.

The formation of the corneal endothelium and the movement of fibroblasts into the stromal region are events which involve extensive cellular migration. Labeled cells are observed at all stages of both endothelial and stromal fibroblast migration, indicating that DNA synthesis occurs during the course of cellular migration in the developing cornea.
Correlated structural and contractile properties in specialized fibers of a woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare (Latr.)
Authors: Daniela Candia Carnevali M. , Saita Abele
Published: September 2005

In order to define the ultrastructural differences between slow‐contracting (tonic) muscles with differing abilities to develop tension, observaticns were made on Armadillidium vulgare, comparing muscle structure and function. The latero‐ventral muscles, by means of which the animal holds itself rolled up in a tight ball, were compared with the dorsal intersegmental muscles. which pull it back to a normal stance. The morphological differences found are easily interpreted in the light of the different functions of the two types of muscle. Where the muscles are more powerful, and have to hold considerable tension, the contractile system is stronger (myosin filaments are 7 μm long and 200 Å thick; the ratio of thin to thick filaments is 6 or 7: 1; there is a thick filament density of 610 filaments per μm2). In the dorsal intersegmental muscles, which have less resistance, the system is simpler: myosin filaments are 4 μm long and 150 Å thick; the ratio of thin to thick filaments is 4: 1; and the thick filament density is lower — 510 filaments per μm2.
Inhibition of pigment migration in tail fin melanophores of Xenopus tadpoles in oxygen‐free media
Authors: Iga Tetsuro , Bagnara Joseph T.
Published: September 2005

The dispersion of melanosomes in the darkness‐induced darkening of Xenopus tailfin melanophores does not occur in an oxygen‐free medium. When such tails are restored to lighted conditions in the presence of oxygen, dispersion takes place as an “after effect” indicating that light reception and melanosome dispersion are two separate components of the tail‐darkening reaction. Aggregation of tailfin melanosomes is also inhibited by the absence of oxygen.
Male haploidy in rotifers: Relative DNA content of nuclei from male and female asplanchna
Authors: Jones Philip A. , Gilbert John J.
Published: September 2005

In A. sieboldi mitotic nuclei of males had one‐half the nuclear DNA content of those of females. Spermatocytes from testes had lc DNA contents. These observations indicate that the male is haploid and that spermatogenesis is atypical and involves no reductional divisions.
Effects of pupal diapause on the metamorphosis of the nervous system inPieris brassicaeL.
Authors: Puiroux Jacques , Moreau Robert , Lavenseau Lucien
Published: September 2005

The structural evolution of nervous tissues during the postembryonic development ofPieris brassicaehas already been described in same detail but the effects of diapause on this process have not been examined. In this report, we demonstrate that the nervous system of a diapausing insect is characterized by a typical pattern of morphogenesis, which includes the arrest of the differentiation of the brain and the ventral nerve cord. This arrest occurs at a specific phase of pupation (third day of diapause) and persists throughout diapause, being independent of the storage temperture. No sign of progressive adult differentiation, referred to in other insect species as “diapause development,” is apparent. Rapid breakdown of this arrest occurred when diapausing pupae were exposed to summer conditions after an initial 2 month period at 4°C. Resumption of the morphogenesis of the nervous system was evident within 4 to 5 days in most experimental batches, with resultant differentiation to the adult state. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of an antiandrogen treatment on morphological characters and physiological functions of male fallow deer (Dama dama L.)
Authors: Kolle Renate , Kierdorf Uwe , Fischer Klaus
Published: September 2005

From mid‐April to late November, i.e., during antler growth phase and main breeding season, a group of four (later three) male fallow deer was treated with increasing doses of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CA). Throughout the treatment period, plasma testosterone levels of the bucks were either undetectable or only slightly above the detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml. In marked contrast to controls, testicular volumes and neck girths of the CA treated bucks were basal during the application period, proving the strong antigonadotropic effect of CA (testicular volume) and the absence of androgen action at the normal target organs (neck girths), respectively. Antler growth in the CA treated bucks occurred during the normal time span for fallow deer and the antlers produced were of species specific shape. From this it is concluded that in fallow deer, onset, duration, and termination of antler growth are independent of androgen action. Velvet shedding in the CA treated bucks however did not occur at the normal time (late August/early September), but was postponed until late December/early January, i.e., about 5 weeks after the termination of CA application. Activity of alkaline phosphatase in the experimental animals increased during the antler growth phase, but was markedly lower than in controls. Maximum body weight in the CA treated bucks was reached already in June, i.e., about 3 months prior to controls. Furthermore, the rut associated, drastic decline in body weight observed in controls did not occur in the experimental animals. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of arm regeneration in the feather star Antedon mediterranea: Healing of wound and early stages of development
Authors: Carnevali M. Daniela Candia , Lucca Elisa , Bonasoro Francesco
Published: September 2005

Crinoids have remarkable regenerative capacities. After traumatic or self‐induced amputation they can replace one or several arms through a complex sequence of morphogenetic events which lead quickly to the complete reconstruction of the lost part. These phenomena are well known in their general aspects and a comprehensive description of arm regeneration was previously provided (Candia Carnevali et al., Recent Trends in Regeneration Research. Plenum Press, New York, '89). However, there is a considerable gap in knowledge of the early regenerative phases which are particularly significant for the following development. The aim of the present work is to describe and interpret the different aspects of these early stages of arm regeneration in Antedon mediterranea. According to our results the regenerative development of Antedon arm seems to consist of an epimorphic process which essentially implies the involvement of proliferating undifferentiated cells. The early stages of this process can be distinguished in a first repair phase, which includes the overall 24 hr post‐amputation period and is characterized mainly by the processes of wound healing and tissue repair, and in a second regenerative phase, which includes the 24–72 hr post‐amputation period and is characterized by the first regenerative events. The different arm components involved in the amputation/regeneration phenomena seem to play different and specific roles in these initial phases. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Energy metabolism of the trophectoderm and inner cell mass of the mouse blastocyst
Authors: Hewitson Laura C. , Leese Henry J.
Published: September 2005

The two cell populations of the day 5 mouse blastocyst–the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE)–were isolated by immunosurgery and TE biopsy. The uptake of glucose and pyruvate and the production of lactate were measured in the isolated cell populations and in single day 5 blastocysts, using a non‐invasive ultramicrofluorescence technique. The number of cells in isolated ICMs, TE vesicles, and intact blastocysts were counted after differential labeling with fluorochromes. The uptake of glucose and the formation of lactate were approximately three and five times greater, respectively, in the ICM cells compared with the TE cells. All the glucose consumed by the ICM could be accounted for by lactate formation, whereas the value for TE was 55%. The uptake of pyruvate was low in both cell types. The results are consistent with the proposition that the TE acts as a transporting epithelium, sparing nutrients for metabolism by the ICM. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in teleost fish
Authors: Leblanc P. J. , Ballantyne J. S.
Published: September 2005

We have demonstrated the presence of β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (β‐HBDH) in tissues of a variety of freshwater and marine teleosts. This enzyme was previously thought to be absent in teleost fish. β‐HBDH activity was examined in four freshwater teleosts: goldfish, Carassius auratus, northern brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, northern pike, Esox lucius, and black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and three marine teleosts; alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, smelt, Osmerus mordax, and mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. Enzyme activity was observed in all fish examined. Highest activity was in the kidney and liver of fresh water teleosts and in the brain and liver of the marine teleosts. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stretch sensory ovarian‐preoptic pathway in the teleost, Clarias batrachus (Linn.): Transection studies
Authors: Deshmukh Makrand K. , Subhedar Nishikant
Published: September 2005

Application of intraovarian pressure (IOP), coupled with placement of discrete lesions, has been employed to study the organization of the pressure excitable ovarian‐preoptic pathway in a teleost, Clarias batrachus. While bilateral administration of the IOP triggered stimulatory changes in the nucleus preopticus (NPO), they were abolished if the IOP administration was preceded by the bilateral transection at the level of (1) foramen magnum, (2) spinal cord at the level of 13th vertebra, (3) dorsal spinal nerve roots between the levels of 13th and 21st vertebrae, and (4) at the junction between the common oviduct and the body wall. On the other hand, bilateral sectioning of the anterior mesovarium, the vagi, or the spinal cord at the level of 21st vertebra had no effect. Unilateral administration of the IOP triggered bilateral changes in the NPO. It seems that the stretch receptors in the ovarian wall give rise to processes that proceed along the margin of the oviduct and enter the spinal cord via the dorsal nerve roots between 13th and 21st vertebrae. Thereafter, the pathway seems to ascend over the spinal cord and impinge on the ipsilateral as well as contralateral NPO. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
At high dietary levels ethanol alters the structure of mid‐ and hindgut epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster larvae
Authors: Hartman Jennifer R. , Dybas Linda K. , Geer Billy W.
Published: September 2005

The midgut of Drosophila melanogaster is a site of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the major pathway for ethanol degradation. The effects of different levels of dietary ethanol on the ultrastructures of the guts of larvae of the Canton‐S wild‐type strain and the ADH‐deficient, Adhn2, strain were ascertained. In wild‐type larvae fed an ethanol‐free, defined medium, the foregut epithelium was characterized by few glycogen rosettes and sparse microvilli that protruded into the gut's thick lumen lining. The midgut epithelium was typical of cells involved in absorption and active transport with abundant microvilli on the apical surface and membrane infolding on the basal surface. In place of microvilli, the apical surface of the hindgut had membrane infoldings. The apical surfaces of both the mid‐ and hindgut epithelium were covered by a thick, electron‐dense peritrophic membrane consisting of chitin. In both strains the subcellular damage that was correlated with ethanol levels in the diet was confined to the midgut and hindgut regions. Damage to gut cells in the form of disrupted mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, low densities of glycogen rosettes and protein granules, high numbers of autophagic vacuoles, and the presence of myelin whirls was extensive in Canton‐S strain larvae fed a high ethanol diet. A low dietary concentration of ethanol induced changes in gut ultrastructure of Adhn2 larvae similar to the changes that were observed in wild‐type larvae fed the higher ethanol concentrations, but the basal infoldings were more dilated in the Adhn2 larvae. At high dietary concentrations the disruption of mid‐ and hindgut cells by ethanol appeared great enough to interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients. © 1993 wiley‐Liss, Inc.