bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in the biochemical fate of carbon fixed by benthic diatoms in intertidal sediments
Authors: Moerdijk‐Poortvliet Tanja C. W. , van Breugel Peter , Sabbe Koen , Beauchard Olivier , Stal Lucas J. , Boschker Henricus T. S.
Published: August 2017

Benthic diatoms are important primary producers in intertidal marine sediments and form the basis of the food web in these ecosystems. In order to investigate the carbon flow within diatom mats, we performed in situ 13C pulse‐chase labeling experiments and followed in detail the biochemical fate of carbon fixed by the diatoms for five consecutive days. These labeling experiments were done at approximately 2‐monthly intervals during 1 yr in order to cover seasonal variations. The fixed carbon was recovered in individual carbohydrates including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleic acid bases. In addition, we assessed a variety of environmental parameters and photosynthetic characteristics. The fixed carbon was initially mainly stored as carbohydrate (glucose) while nitrogen‐rich compounds (e.g., amino acids and RNA/DNA) were produced more slowly. During the year, the diatoms distributed the photosynthetically fixed carbon differently among the various carbon pools that were measured. In summer, the diatoms decreased carbon fixation and accumulated relatively more lipid as a storage compound (27% ± 2% vs. 12% ± 5% in other seasons). The percentage of fixed carbon that was excreted as EPS was lower in summer compared to other seasons, amounting 9% ± 4% and 21% ± 6%, respectively. Hence, it seemed that the physiology of the microphytobenthos was different during summer and caused by higher light intensity and a shift in nitrogen source.
A multicriteria framework for inventory classification and control with application to intermittent demand
Authors: Lolli F. , Ishizaka A. , Gamberini R. , Rimini B.
Published: August 2017

Several papers have studied inventory classification in order to group items with a view to facilitating their management. The generated classes are then coupled with the specific reorder policies composing the overall inventory control system. However, the effectiveness of inventory classification and control system is strictly interrelated. That is to say, different classification approaches could show different performance if applied to a different set of reorder policies, and vice versa. Furthermore, when the cost structure is subjected to uncertainty, a pure cost‐based analysis of the inventory control system could be corrupted.

This paper presents a multicriteria framework for the concurrent selection of the item classification approach and the inventory control system through a discrete‐event simulation approach. The key performance indicators provided by the simulator (i.e., average holding value, average number of backorders, and average number of emitted orders) are indicative of the multidimensional effectiveness of the adopted inventory control system when coupled with a specific classification approach. By this way, a multicriteria problem arises, where the alternatives are given by exhaustively coupling the item classes, which are generated by different classification approaches, with the reorder policies composing the inventory system. An analytical hierarchy process is then used for selecting the best alternative, as well as for evaluating the effect of the weights assigned to the key performance indicators through a sensitivity analysis.

This approach has been validated in a real case study with a company operating in the field of electrical resistor manufacturing, with a view of facilitating the management of items showing intermittent demand.
Mutual coupling reduction in wideband tree shaped fractal dielectric resonator antenna array using defected ground structure for MIMO applications
Authors: Trivedi Kedar , Pujara Dhaval
Published: August 2017

In this letter, a novel fractal tree shaped two‐element dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) design for wideband multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications is proposed. Fractal tree shaped geometry is proposed to achieve wideband characteristics while a C‐shaped periodic defected ground plane structure (PDGS) is used to achieve reduction in mutual coupling between two closely spaced antenna elements. Extensive parametric study is carried out to obtain desired mutual coupling reduction without much affecting the bandwidth of the DRA array. The proposed antenna was fabricated and its performance was tested. Measured impedance bandwidth of around 89.9% (–10 dB as reference) is achieved over a frequency band of 3.95–10.4 GHz. Measured mutual coupling less than −15 dB is obtained over the entire band of interest. Both the measured results are quite in accordance to the simulated results. The antenna design parameters, its associated results and parametric study of antenna parameters are discussed in the paper.
Dual‐band dual inverted‐F/loop antennas as a compact decoupled building block for forming eight 3.5/5.8‐GHz MIMO antennas in the future smartphone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Lin Bo‐Wei , Li B Wei‐Yu
Published: August 2017

With a large number of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antennas embedded in the smartphone, much higher data throughput can be obtained for the smartphone in the MIMO operation. Furthermore, in order to be operational in heterogeneous networks, such as the mobile network and the wireless wide area network (WLAN), dual‐band operation of the MIMO antennas is desirable. However, owing to very limited space available in the smartphone, it has been a great challenge to dispose more MIMO antennas therein, not to mention the dual‐band MIMO antennas. To address this challenge, we present a compact decoupled 3.5/5.8 GHz (3400–3600/5725–5875 MHz) dual‐band building block formed by dual inverted‐F/loop antennas and its application for building eight dual‐band MIMO antennas for the mobile and WLAN operations. Details of the dual‐band building block and the fabricated eight MIMO antennas are described. The channel capacity of the eight MIMO antennas in an 8 × 8 MIMO system is also calculated and discussed. The obtained MIMO channel capacities are respectively about 37 and 42 bps/Hz in the 3.5 and 5.8 GHz bands, much higher than the present fourth‐generation (4G) 2 × 2 MIMO capacity (about 10 bps/Hz or less). The proposed eight MIMO antennas will hence be promising for future smartphone applications, such as in the fifth‐generation (5G) communications.
Wideband reflect array with multiresonant elements adjusted by an optimization routine
Authors: Oh Seongwon , Jeong Younghwan , Suk Sungha
Published: August 2017

A reflectarray using multiresonant elements adjusted by an optimization routine is proposed. The element composed of two pairs of a ring and a circular patch shows 1300° phase variation range with linear slope. The phase of each elements on the reflectarray surface is selected by an optimization routine based on PSO to minimize the total phase error throughout a predetermined band (21–23 GHz). Optimized and nonoptimized reflect arrays are fabricated and measured. The 1 dB bandwidth of the proposed reflectarray is 9.7%, which is over three times to that of a nonoptimized reflectarray.
Wireless power collection using radio frequency identification system
Authors: Su Chun‐Hsi , Huang Shih‐I
Published: August 2017

A wireless power collection (WPC) system is proposed to harvest excess electromagnetic energies in space that are reflected and not received by target antennas. The radio frequency identification (RFID) system was utilized to demonstrate WPC. The power was transmitted between the reader and tags, and the rectenna (rectified antenna) was used to collect energy in our WPC system. The rectenna includes ultra‐high frequency RFID tags. When the distance between the rectenna and the reader was 10 cm, the maximum voltages of a single rectenna and four rectennas in series were measured to be nearly 1.5 and 5.7 V, respectively. This WPC system can be used to supply power to charge batteries or other electronic products. A WPC tree consisted of four sets of rectenna arrays provided a charging current of ∼0.203 mA to a set of four AAA NiMH batteries.
Flexible twist polarizer based on ultrathin multi‐layered polymer‐carbon nanotubes composite films
Authors: Danlée Yann , Huynen Isabelle , Bailly Christian
Published: August 2017

We present an ultrathin and flexible microwave broadband polarization transformer concept based on oriented carbon nanotubes dispersed in a polycarbonate matrix. Stacking anisotropic composite films with a controlled angle mismatch between successive layers produces a twist polarizer able to change the orientation of the electric field over broad frequency range in the microwave domain. The smart organization confers to the multilayer a high efficiency measured as a degree of twist, which reaches 75.1% at GHz frequencies for a 420 μm thick seven‐layer stack.
Axial‐ratio beamwidth and gain enhanced circularly polarized antenna using parasitic elements
Authors: Zheng Dong‐Ze , Luo Yu , Chu Qing‐Xin
Published: August 2017

A circularly polarized (CP) crossed‐dipole antenna with enhanced 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth and gain via the addition of parasitic elements is proposed in this letter. First, a simplified CP crossed‐dipole model loaded with four parasitic elements is constructed to investigate the principle of wide axial‐ratio beamwidth. Theoretical analysis shows that by choosing the length and position of these parasitic elements properly, the 3 dB AR beamwidth of the simplified CP antenna can be enhanced significantly. Then, a practical CP crossed‐dipole antenna designed at 1.575 GHz is utilized to verify the feasibility of this method. Experimental results are in a good agreement with the simulated ones in terms of radiation pattern, gain, AR and |S11| for the proposed antenna. In particular, due to the addition of the four parasitic elements, the 3 dB AR beamwidth of the antenna at the central frequency of 1.575 GHz is increased from 72° to 134°; the gain in the working frequency bandwidth also shows an increase of almost 3 dBi when these parasitic elements are added.
Numerical simulation and solutions of the two‐component second order KdV evolutionarysystem
Authors: Yokus Asif , Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Sulaiman Tukur Abdulkadir , Bulut Hasan
Published: August 2017

In this study, with the aid of Wolfram Mathematica 11, the modified exp ‐expansion function method is used in constructing some new analytical solutions with novel structure such as the trigonometric and hyperbolic function solutions to the well‐known nonlinear evolutionary equation, namely; the two‐component second order KdV evolutionary system. Second, the finite forward difference method is used in analyzing the numerical behavior of this equation. We consider equation (6.5) and (6.6) for the numerical analysis. We examine the stability of the two‐component second order KdV evolutionary system with the finite forward difference method by using the Fourier‐Von Neumann analysis. We check the accuracy of the finite forward difference method with the help of and norm error. We present the comparison between the exact and numerical solutions of the two‐component second order KdV evolutionary system obtained in this article which and support with graphics plot. We observed that the modified exp ‐expansion function method is a powerful approach for finding abundant solutions to various nonlinear models and also finite forward difference method is efficient for examining numerical behavior of different nonlinear models.
The influence of mesoporous silica modified with phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing hyperbranched molecules on thermal stability, combustion behavior, and toxic volatiles of epoxy resin
Authors: Huang ZhengQi , Wang Dong , Zhu Yulu , Zeng Wenru , Hu Yuan
Published: August 2017

A hybrid material (HPPA‐SH‐mSiO2) containing multiple flame‐retardant elements was synthesized and characterized using NMR, FTIR, and XPS techniques. This hybrid was synthesized by the “thiol–ene” click reaction of thiol‐functionalized mesoporous silica (SH‐mSiO2) with ene‐terminated hyperbranched polyphosphate acrylate (HPPA).When 2 wt% HPPA‐SH‐mSiO2 hybrid was added to an epoxy matrix, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the incorporation of HPPA‐SH‐mSiO2 increased the thermal stability of epoxy resin composites. Moreover, the combustion behavior of epoxy composites was investigated using a cone calorimeter, and the results show that the PHRR and THR of EP/HPPA‐SH‐mSiO2 composites clearly decreased by 28.7% and 16%, respectively. Volatile toxic compounds such as aromatic compounds, CO, carbonyl compounds, and hydrocarbons were identified using TGA‐infrared spectroscopy coupling technique. The effect of HPPA‐SH‐mSiO2 hybrids on the removal of toxic volatiles was also investigated. Functionalized mesoporous silica and polymer composites have potential applications.
Quantification of the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Jacobine in Crassocephalum crepidioides by Cation Exchange High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Rozhon Wilfried , Kammermeier Lukas , Schramm Sebastian , Towfique Nayeem , Adebimpe Adedeji N. , Adesola Ajayi S. , Poppenberger Brigitte
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary plant metabolites with considerable hepatoxic, tumorigenic and genotoxic potential. For separation, reversed phase chromatography is commonly used because of its excellent compatibility with detection by mass spectrometry. However, reversed phase chromatography has a low selectivity for PAs.

Objective

The objective of this work was to investigate the suitability of cation exchange chromatography for separation of PAs and to develop a rapid method for quantification of jacobine in Crassocephalum crepidioides that is suitable for analysis of huge sample numbers as required for mutant screening procedures.

Results

We demonstrate that cation exchange chromatography offers excellent selectivity for PAs allowing their separation from most other plant metabolites. Due to the high selectivity, plant extracts can be directly analysed after simple sample preparation. Detection with UV at 200 nm instead of mass spectrometry can be applied, which makes the method very simple and cost‐effective. The recovery rate of the method exceeded 95%, the intra‐day and inter‐day standard deviations were below 7% and the limit of detection and quantification were 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, respectively.

Conclusion

The developed method is sufficiently sensitive for reproducible detection of jacobine in C. crepidioides. Simple sample preparation and rapid separation allows for quantification of jacobine in plant material in a high‐throughput manner. Thus, the method is suitable for genetic screenings and may be applicable for other plant species, for instance Jacobaea maritima. In addition, our results show that C. crepidioides cannot be considered safe for human consumption. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of an Organic‐inorganic Nanocomposite Additive on the Combustion and Erosion Performance of High Energy Propellants Containing RDX
Authors: Sun Na , Xiao Zhenggang
Published: August 2017

A nanocomposite microsphere consisting of solid paraffin, nano‐TiO2, nano‐BN, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 particles and polymethyl methacrylate was prepared and applied as a functional additive for high energy propellants (with about 23 wt % RDX) to reduce the barrel erosion and improve its combustion performance as well. High energy propellants modified with the nanocomposite were manufactured by a solvent extrusion technique. According to the scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetry results, there exists a good compatibility between the nanocomposite and propellant matrix. The energy and combustion performance as well as erosion of the modified propellants were studied by a closed bomb test and an erosion tube device, respectively. Results showed that compared with the unmodified propellant, both the erosion and energy performance of modified high energy propellant gradually decreased with the increase of nanocomposites contents. When the content of nanocomposites was 5.1 %, the erosion mass of the modified propellant reduced to 37.0 % while the propellant force only decreased 5.7 %, indicating that the nanocomposite has enormous ability to improve gun erosion resistance while barely affect energy performance of propellant. Furthermore, the closed bomb burning curves of the samples showed that addition of nanocomposites to propellant matrix could prolong the combustion time, efficiently inhibit the initial generation rate of combustion gas, and further achieve the progressive burning of the propellants.
About disconnected topologies and synchronization of homogeneous nonlinear agents over switching networks
Authors: Casadei G. , Isidori A. , Marconi L.
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we study the problem of networks on nonlinear oscillators when communication topologies are disconnected. In the first part of this paper, we show that the high‐gain design procedure succeeds in achieving clustered consensus when disconnected topologies occur. In the second part, we study a network of nonlinear oscillators when the topology is switching between sets of disconnected and connected topologies. By a Lyapunov analysis, we prove that if disconnected topologies last for a limited amount of time and the switching law for connected topologies fulfills an average dwell‐time condition, synchronization is achieved.
Adopt 10 key strategies for successful leadership
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2017

NEW ORLEANS — If you're looking for higher‐level leadership opportunities, showing leadership in your current position can get you noticed.
Was band director's comparison to ‘spirit squad’ director enough to establish different treatment?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: August 2017

A Title IX investigation in July 2014 revealed the culture of the Ohio State University band facilitated acts of sexual harassment. It also concluded Director Jonathan Waters reasonably should have known about that culture and failed to eliminate it.
On simulating Turing machines with inhibitor Petri nets
Authors: Zaitsev D.A. , Li Z.W.
Published: August 2017

An inhibitor Petri net is constructed that simulates an arbitrary given Turing machine. The tape of the Turing machine, its program, and internal states are encoded by the marking of nine dedicated places of the Petri net. The rules of Turing machine work are encoded by a single control flow represented by a token passage within the inhibitor Petri net composed of the sequence, branch, and loop operators. Subnets that implement arithmetic, comparison, and copying operations are employed. In the Petri net paradigm of computation, a Petri net that simulates Turing machines provides the compatibility of concepts. It is a prototype of a co‐processor supplementary to the basic processor of Petri nets. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Role of Affect in Intraindividual Variability in Task Performance for Young Learners
Authors: Butler Yuko Goto
Published: August 2017

Young learners (defined as children ages 5–12) of English as a foreign language are growing in number worldwide. At the policy level, foreign language (FL) programs for young learners are increasingly emphasizing the use of task‐based language teaching (TBLT). In practice, however, designing and implementing tasks for young learners poses numerous challenges, especially considering that young learners are in the midst of developing cognitively, socially, linguistically, and affectively. In this article, the author focuses on the role of affect (emotion and mood) in TBLT, a research topic that has largely been ignored. Drawing on existing theories in psychology that explain relationships between affect and cognition or learning, as well as on research on children's development, play, and game research, she advocates for the need both to pay more serious attention to affect and to incorporate research findings on the role of affect in task designs and implementation into theory building and practice in TBLT. Instead of treating affect as an individual and stable trait (i.e., as an interindividual variable) and searching for a linear cause‐and‐effect relationship between learners’ affect and their performance in tasks, she argues that we need to pay more attention to intraindividual variability in children's task performance (i.e., variability in performance within individuals) and to examine the role of affect in such intraindividual variability in a dynamic fashion. Though her argument is primarily based on TBLT for young learners, she believes that the importance of affect in TBLT applies to wider contexts as well.
Determination of effective atomic numbers and mass attenuation coefficients of samples using in‐situ energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Zhang Qingxian , Guo Yinglei , Bai Haitao , Gu Yi , Xu Yang , Zhao Jiankun , Ge Liangquan , Peng Yi , Liu Jun
Published: August 2017

The matrix effect has a major impact on energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRFA) and is difficult to be evaluated due to that the contents of some low‐atomic‐number elements cannot be identified by in‐situ EDXRFA. Up to today, the fundamental parameter algorithm proposed by Rousseau has been widely applied to correct the matrix effect. Accordingly, determining the matrix and mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) of sample is a key issue for the fundamental parameter algorithm. In present work, the method to deduce μ/ρ by effective atomic number (Zeff) was studied. First, the relationship between Zeff and coherence to Compton scatting ratio (R) of the incident X‐ray was determined by standard samples. Then, we deduce Zeff and their μ/ρ. The value of μ/ρ deduced by our method is in good agreement with that calculated by WinXCOM, and the relative change (Δ) is less than 7%. We also deduced Zeff and their μ/ρ of Chinese national standard soil samples employing our method and good agreement with the calculated values were also obtained. We found that the agreement between experimental values of μ/ρ with theoretical values by WinXCOM still exists when the energy of the incident X‐ray is greater than 4 keV, and the Δ is less than 10%. The result indicates that our method may be applied directly to in‐situ EDXRFA.
Intentional Design of Student Organizations to Optimize Leadership Development
Authors: Mainella Felicia C.
Published: August 2017

This chapter addresses how a group's organizational structure can promote or hinder the leadership capacity of its members. The information in this chapter provides insight into structuring student organizations in a way to maximize all members’ leadership development.
The Unique Context of Identity‐Based Student Organizations in Developing Leadership
Authors: Kodama Corinne M. , Laylo Rhonda
Published: August 2017

This chapter addresses the important role of identity‐based student organizations in developing leadership, particularly for students who may feel marginalized because of their racial/ethnic, religious, or gender identities. Understanding the influence of these groups can help leadership educators develop a more inclusive and diverse perspective on student leadership development.
Thermoanalytical Study of Linkage Isomerism in Coordination Compounds. Part 7. A DSC and DFT Investigation of Solid‐state Linkage Isomerization in Bis(thiocyanato)‐bipyridineplatinum(II) Complex
Authors: Nasouti Fahime , Eslami Abbas
Published: August 2017

The linkage isomerization of [Pt(SCN)2(bipy)] complex in solid‐state was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at diverse heating rates. The conversion of the bis‐thiocyanato isomer (–SCN)2 to the bis‐isothiocyanato isomer (–NCS)2 was accompanied by the appearance of an exothermic peak. However, no DSC peak was obtained for isomerization of the (–NCS)2. The results imply that the (–SCN)2 isomer is metastable which can convert to the stable isomer (–NCS)2 at elevated temperatures. Assuming a two‐stage irreversible isomerization, the enthalpy changes of the first stage ΔHSCN1 and also second stage ΔHSCN2 isomerization were obtained (–2.99 ± 0.44 and –2.81 ± 0.45 kJ·mol–1, respectively) using the mathematical resolution of the observed DSC peaks. The thermokinetic parameters of this conversion were determined using Kissinger method. The activation energy values for the first and second stages of isomerization are evaluated, 101.78 ± 7.58 and 106.26 ± 5.87 kJ·mol–1, respectively. The low values of the activation enthalpy, ΔH‡ and the high negative activation entropy ΔS‡, obtained by Eyring equation, supported an associative mechanism. A DFT study was employed to detect the electronic structures and the thermodynamic stabilities of the three linkage isomers and the transition states.
Liver Function, Quantified by LiMAx Test, After Major Abdominal Surgery. Comparison Between Open and Laparoscopic Approach
Authors: Kaffarnik Magnus , Stoeger Gabriel , Liebich Julia , Grieser Christian , Pratschke Johann , Stockmann Martin
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Major abdominal surgery may lead to a systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) with a risk of organ failure. One possible trigger for a postoperative hepatic dysfunction is an altered hepatic blood flow during SIRS, resulting in a decreased oxygen delivery. This pilot study investigated the role of liver dysfunction measured by the LiMAx test after major abdominal surgery, focussing on open and laparoscopic surgical approaches.

Methods

We prospectively investigated 25 patients (7 females and 18 males, age range 55–72 years) scheduled for upper abdominal surgery. The LiMAx test, ICG‐PDR and duplex sonography were carried out preoperatively, followed by postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 5 and 10. Laboratory parameters and clinical parameters were measured daily. Clinical outcome parameters were examined at the end of treatment. The population was divided into group A (laparotomy) versus group B (laparoscopy).

Results

LiMAx values decreased significantly on POD 1 (290 µg/kg/h, P < 0.001), followed by a significant increase at POD 3 (348 µg/kg/h, P = 0.013). Only INR showed a significant increase on POD 1 (1.26, P < 0.001). Duplex sonography and ICG‐PDR revealed a hyper‐dynamic liver blood flow. No differences between group A and B were found.

Conclusions

Hepatic dysfunction after major abdominal surgery is evident and underestimated. The LiMAx test provides an adequate tool to determine liver dysfunction. Open and laparoscopic approaches appeared similar in terms of liver dysfunction and postoperative SIRS.
Weibull Modulus Estimated by the Non-linear Least Squares Method: A Solution to Deviation Occurring in Traditional Weibull Estimation
Authors: Li T. , Griffiths W. D. , Chen J.
Published: August 2017

The Maximum Likelihood method and the Linear Least Squares (LLS) method have been widely used to estimate Weibull parameters for reliability of brittle and metal materials. In the last 30 years, many researchers focused on the bias of Weibull modulus estimation, and some improvements have been achieved, especially in the case of the LLS method. However, there is a shortcoming in these methods for a specific type of data, where the lower tail deviates dramatically from the well-known linear fit in a classic LLS Weibull analysis. This deviation can be commonly found from the measured properties of materials, and previous applications of the LLS method on this kind of dataset present an unreliable linear regression. This deviation was previously thought to be due to physical flaws (i.e., defects) contained in materials. However, this paper demonstrates that this deviation can also be caused by the linear transformation of the Weibull function, occurring in the traditional LLS method. Accordingly, it may not be appropriate to carry out a Weibull analysis according to the linearized Weibull function, and the Non-linear Least Squares method (Non-LS) is instead recommended for the Weibull modulus estimation of casting properties.
Longitudinal qualitative research in medical education
Authors: Balmer Dorene F. , Richards Boyd F.
Published: August 2017

None
Excretory/secretory proteases and mechanical movement of Anisakis pegreffii infective larvae in the penetration of BALB/c mice gastrointestine
Authors: Lee June‐Der , Chung Li‐Yu , Lin Rong‐Jyh , Wang Jiun‐Jye , Tu Hong‐Pin , Yen Chuan‐Min
Published: August 2017

Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by infection with the infective larvae of Anisakis. Accidental infection in humans causes the gastrointestinal pathophysiological effects of mechanical tissue damage by migrating larvae. The mechanism of the infective larval invasion and migration is suspected to involve larval excretory/secretory proteases and motility. This study demonstrates the penetration rate of the infective larvae of Anisakis pegreffii in mouse gastrointestine depends on the time after infection, and that only 15% of larvae remain in the gastrointestinal tract 3 h after infection. Strong activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteases, especially plasmin, were found in the excretory/secretory products of A. pegreffii; these can be inhibited by ONO‐4817 and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, respectively. The protease activity was also significantly decreased in another 1 h of cultivation of larvae in fresh 0.9% normal saline (NS) after previous cultivation for 48 h in NS. The motility scores of larvae were significantly lower after 48 h of cultivation in NS. The penetration rate of A. pegreffii larvae in the gastrointestine of infected mice sequentially were 90% in the freshly prepared, 68% in serine protease inhibited, 55% in MMPs inhibited larvae, and 16% in larvae cultivated in NS for 48 h. Therefore, this study demonstrates that MMPs and serine proteases excreted and secreted by A. pegreffii and the mechanical movement of infective larvae participate in the penetration of the gastrointestine of mice after infection.
Tamaño del efecto para Kruskal-Wallis: aportes al artículo de Domínguez-González et al.
Authors: Ventura-León José Luis
Published: August 2017

Recientemente se publicó en la revista Investigación En Educación Médica, un artículo interesante acerca del burnout. En donde se utiliza el estadístico de Kruskal-Wallis. Por tal motivo, resulta necesario comentar brevemente la importancia de calcular el tamaño del efecto.
Apocalypse and Anti-Catholicism in Seventeenth-Century English Drama
Authors: Streete Adrian
Published: August 2017

This book examines the many and varied uses of apocalyptic and anti-Catholic language in seventeenth-century English drama. Adrian Streete argues that this rhetoric is not simply an expression of religious bigotry, nor is it only deployed at moments of political crisis. Rather, it is an adaptable and flexible language with national and international implications. It offers a measure of cohesion and order in a volatile century. By rethinking the relationship between theatre, theology and polemic, Streete shows how playwrights exploited these connections for a diverse range of political ends. Chapters focus on playwrights like Marston, Middleton, Massinger, Shirley, Dryden and Lee, and on a range of topics including imperialism, reason of state, commerce, prostitution, resistance, prophecy, church reform and liberty. Drawing on important recent work in religious and political history, this is a major re-interpretation of how and why religious ideas are debated in the early modern theatre.
AGAINST THE ITERATED KNOWLEDGE ACCOUNT OF HIGH-STAKES CASES
Authors: Gao Jie
Published: August 2017

One challenge for moderate invariantists is to explain why we tend to deny knowledge to subjects in high stakes when the target propositions seem to be inappropriate premises for practical reasoning. According to an account suggested by Williamson, our intuitive judgments are erroneous due to an alleged failure to acknowledge the distinction between first-order and higher-order knowledge: the high-stakes subject lacks the latter but possesses the former. In this paper, I provide three objections to Williamson's account: (i) his account delivers counterintuitive verdicts about what it is appropriate for a high-stakes subject to do; (ii) the high-stakes subject doesn't need iterated knowledge in order to be regarded as appropriately relying on the relevant proposition in practical reasoning; (iii) Williamson's account doesn't provide a good explanation of why the high-stakes subject would be blameworthy if she were relying on the relevant proposition in her practical reasoning.
ON THE REGULARITY OF SLE TRACE
Authors: FRIZ PETER K. , TRAN HUY
Published: August 2017

We revisit regularity of SLE trace, for all $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}\neq 8$, and establish Besov regularity under the usual half-space capacity parametrization. With an embedding theorem of Garsia–Rodemich–Rumsey type, we obtain finite moments (and hence almost surely) optimal variation regularity with index $\min (1+\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}/8,2)$, improving on previous works of Werness, and also (optimal) Hölder regularity à la Johansson Viklund and Lawler.
‘Freedom From Fear and Want’ and Our Psychological Response to Environmental Changes
Authors: Wei Zi-Han , Tao Rui , Liu Huan , Li Shu
Published: August 2017

Freedom from fear and freedom from want are two of the fundamental freedoms and likely related to changes in the environment. It has usually been assumed that our subjective feelings should change accordingly with changes in the objective environment. However, two counterintuitive effects reviewed in this article imply a rather complex psychological mechanism behind how people respond to environmental changes and strive for the freedom from fear and want. The first is the ‘psychological typhoon eye’ effect, in which the closer people are to hazards, the calmer they feel. Several possible explanations have been proposed, but the mechanism behind this effect remains unclear. The findings are important for future post-disaster interventions and helpful for policy makers in risk management and researchers in risk studies. The second effect is the ‘town dislocation’ effect, wherein although inhabitants’ objective quality of life is improved during the urbanisation process, the projected endorsement and rated social ambience of town residents is lower than that of residents in the country and in the city; this effect is mediated by social support. The findings have implications for how to better assess the urbanisation process and how to improve people's affective appraisals of their living environment.
Business Enterprise and Globalization: Towards a Transnational Business History
Authors: Boon Marten
Published: August 2017

Transnational history emerged strongly as globalization intensified in the 1990s, questioning national historiographies and creating new research agendas. Business history has not been part of this, but recent calls within the field to engage more visibly and authoritatively with debates on the history of globalization warrant a closer inspection of transnational history. The article draws on key concepts from transnational history and discusses their application in the work of, among others, Sven Beckert, Jessica Lepler, Stephanie Decker, Ray Stokes, and Michael Miller. The article argues that transnational history provides opportunities to increase business history's engagement with the history of globalization.
Taking Credit
Authors: Ahlquist John S. , Ansell Ben W.
Published: August 2017

Several recent studies link rising income inequality in the United States to the global financial crisis, arguing that US politicians did not respond to growing inequality with fiscal redistribution. Instead, Americans saved less and borrowed more to maintain relative consumption in the face of widening economic disparities. This article proposes a theory in which fiscal redistribution dampens the willingness of citizens to borrow to fund current consumption. A key implication is that pretax inequality will be more tightly linked with credit in less redistributive countries. The long-run partisan composition of government is, in turn, a key determinant of redistributive effort. Examining a panel of eighteen OECD democracies, the authors find that countries with limited histories of left-wing participation in government are significantly more likely see credit expansion as prefisc inequality grows compared to those in which the political left has been more influential.
Introduction: meat and the nineteenth-century city
Authors: BAICS GERGELY , THELLE MIKKEL
Published: August 2017

The articles gathered in this special section explore the complex and layered relationship between meat and the nineteenth-century city. For urban historians interested in food provisioning, meat represents a critical juncture because no other food item was so deeply and, in so many ways, tied to urban modernity. This introduction outlines five central themes of the urban meat nexus: city and country relations, geography and urban space, technology and infrastructure, government and regulation, and changing nutritional standards. The four articles speak to these larger issues in specific and novel ways. They advance the existing scholarship by opening up new questions and approaches, focusing on hitherto understudied locations, while also collectively covering the entire spectrum of meat provisioning from supply hinterlands to urban consumption.
Unawareness for Motor Impairment and Distorted Perception of Task Difficulty
Authors: Cocchini Gianna , Beschin Nicoletta , Della Sala Sergio
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Anosognosia for motor impairment is a complex syndrome that can manifest itself under different forms, guiding patients’ behavior and task decisions. However, current diagnostic tools tend to evaluate only more explicit aspects of anosognosia (asking the patients about their motor abilities) and fail to address more subtle features of awareness. We have developed a new assessment measure, the ECT (Errand Choice Test), where patients are asked to judge task difficulty rather than estimate their own impairment. Methods: We assessed awareness in a group of 73 unilateral left- and right-brain damaged (30 LBD and 43 RBD, respectively) patients by means of the VATAm, which explicitly requires them to evaluate their own motor abilities, and the ECT. A control group of 65 healthy volunteers was asked to perform the ECT under two conditions: Current condition (i.e., using both hands) and Simulated conditions (i.e., simulating hemiplegia). Results: A total of 27% of the patients showed different performance on the VATAm and ECT, 21% of the patients showing lack of awareness only on VATAm and 6% only on ECT. Moreover, despite the ECT identified a higher frequency of anosognosia after RBD (33.3%) than LBD (27.6%), this hemispheric asymmetry was not significant. Remarkably, anosognosic patients performed very similarly to controls in the “current condition”, suggesting that anosognosic patients’ ability to perceive the complexity of each task per se is not altered. Conclusion: Different methods may be able to tackle different aspects of awareness and the ECT proved to be able to detect less evident forms of awareness. (JINS, 2018, 24, 45–56)
Kant on Perception, Experience and Judgements Thereof
Authors: Beizaei Banafsheh
Published: August 2017

It is commonly thought that the distinction between subjectively valid judgements of perception and objectively valid judgements of experience in theProlegomenais not consistent with the account of judgement Kant offers in the B Deduction, according to which a judgement is ‘nothing other than the way to bring given cognitions to the objective unity of apperception’. Contrary to this view, I argue that theProlegomenadistinction maps closely onto that drawn between the mathematical and dynamical principles in the System of Principles: Kant’s account of theProlegomenadistinction strongly suggests that it is the Analogies of Experience that make it possible for judgements of perception to give rise to judgements of experience. This means that judgements of perception are objectively valid with regard to the quantity and quality of objects, and subjectively valid with regard to the relation they posit between objects. If that is the case, then the notion of a judgement of perception is consistent with the B Deduction account of judgement.
Dutifully Wishing: Kant’s Re-evaluation of a Strange Species of Desire
Authors: Englert Alexander T.
Published: August 2017

For Kant, ‘wish’ is a technical term denoting a strange species of desire. It is an instance in which someone wills something that she simultaneously knows she cannot bring about. As a result, it is, in one sense, antithetical to morality, which deals with ‘ought impliescan’. I will argue that Kant re-evaluated wishing as (to some extent) causally efficacious and, further, of moral relevance. This re-evaluation has not been discussed in the literature, yet has been lurking in plain sight in a subtle shift in two versions of a footnote from theCritique of the Power of Judgement.
Can Kant’s Theory of Radical Evil Be Saved?
Authors: Goldberg Zachary J.
Published: August 2017

In this article, I assess three contemporary criticisms levelled at Kant’s theory of evil in order to evaluate whether his theory can be saved. Critics argue that Kant does not adequately distinguish between evil and mundane wrongdoing, making his use of the term ‘evil’ emotional hyperbole; by defining evil as the subordination of the moral law to self-love his analysis is seemingly overly simplistic and empirically false; and by focusing solely on the moral character of the perpetrator of evil, Kant’s theory apparently ignores the most salient aspect of evil – the suffering of victims. While I will not claim that Kant provides us with a fully adequate theory of evil, I respond to each of these criticisms and conclude that Kant’s theory can still provide significant insight into both the nature of evil and the moral psychology of perpetrators of evil.
Miniaturized Bagley Polygon power divider by using composite right-/left-handed transmission lines
Authors: Song Kaijun , Kong Te , Ren Xue , Zhu Yu , Fan Yong
Published: August 2017

A miniaturized Bagley Polygon power divider based on composite right/left-handed transmission line is presented. The composite right/left-handed transmission line and conventional microstrip transmission line are utilized to realize the 0° phase shift transmission line, which is used to replace the 180° transmission line of the conventional Bagley Polygon power divider. As a result, miniaturization is realized, without deteriorating the isolation between the output ports. The design equations are presented. This power divider shows advantages compared with other miniaturized ones. For verification, a miniaturized Bagley Polygon power divider is designed and fabricated. The 58.2% length reduction of the counterpart is realized. The measurement and simulation results show good agreement.
Effect of Non-flooded Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation for Rice in Southeast China
Authors: Yang Xin , Mi Wenhai , Tan Xiaoli , Wu Lianghuan , Onipchenko Vladimir G.
Published: August 2017

The effects of non-flooded plastic film mulching cultivation (PM) and polymer-coated urea (PCU) on rice yield, soil properties, and weed diversity were investigated in experimental plots of rice monoculture in Lanxi, China. The combination of PM and PCU increased rice yield. Compared with traditional flooded cultivation, under PM, soil pH remained higher, but decreased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium in the 0- to 10-cm soil layer. Soil fertility influenced winter weed communities, with hairy bittercress, Asian mazus, and shortawn foxtail being the most abundant species. Multivariate analysis indicated that changes in the winter weed species diversity were primarily due to exchangeable potassium. PCU had no significant influence on weed diversity, while plots without nitrogen fertilizer had higher spring-germinating weed density.
IDH3 mediates apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells type 2 due to mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake during hypocapnia
Authors: Kiefmann Martina , Tank Sascha , Keller Paula , Börnchen Christian , Rinnenthal Jan L , Tritt Marc-Oliver , Schulte-Uentrop Leonie , Olotu Cynthia , Goetz Alwin E , Kiefmann Rainer
Published: August 2017

In adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pulmonary perfusion failure increases physiologic dead-space (VD/VT) correlating with mortality. High VD/VT results in alveolar hypocapnia, which has been demonstrated to cause edema formation, atelectasis, and surfactant depletion, evoked, at least in part, by apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). However, the mechanism underlying the hypocapnia-induced AEC apoptosis is unknown. Here, using fluorescent live-cell imaging of cultured AEC type 2 we could show that in terms of CO2 sensing the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 3 seems to be an important player because hypocapnia resulted independently from pH in an elevation of IDH3 activity and subsequently in an increase of NADH, the substrate of the respiratory chain. As a consequence, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ) rose causing a Ca2+ shift from cytosol into mitochondria, whereas the IDH3 knockdown inhibited these responses. Furthermore, the hypocapnia-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and both the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and ROS production induced apoptosis. Accordingly, we provide evidence that in AEC type 2 hypocapnia induces elevation of IDH3 activity leading to apoptosis. This finding might give new insight into the pathogenesis of ARDS and may help to develop novel strategies to reduce tissue injury in ARDS.
Metformin reverses prostate cancer resistance to enzalutamide by targeting TGF-β1/STAT3 axis-regulated EMT
Authors: Liu Qiuli , Tong Dali , Liu Gaolei , Xu Jing , Do Khang , Geary Kyla , Zhang Dianzheng , Zhang Jun , Zhang Yao , Li Yaoming , Bi Gang , Lan Weihua , Jiang Jun
Published: August 2017

Although the newly developed second-generation anti-androgen drug enzalutamide can repress prostate cancer progression significantly, it only extends the survival of prostate cancer patients by 4–6 months mainly due to the occurrence of enzalutamide resistance. Most of the previous studies on AR antagonist resistance have been focused on AR signaling. Therefore, the non-AR pathways on enzalutamide resistance remain largely unknown. By using C4-2, CWR22Rv1 and LNCaP cell lines, as well as mice bearing CWR22Rv1 xenografts treated with either enzalutamide or metformin alone or in combination, we demonstrated that metformin is capable of reversing enzalutamide resistance and restores sensitivity of CWR22Rv1 xenografts to enzalutamide. We showed that metformin alleviated resistance to enzalutamide by inhibiting EMT. Furthermore, based on the effect of metformin on the activation of STAT3 and expression of TGF-β1, we propose that metformin exerts its effects by targeting the TGF-β1/STAT3 axis. These findings suggest that combination of metformin with enzalutamide could be a more efficacious therapeutic strategy for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.