bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the other end of research: exploring community-level knowledge exchanges in small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar
Authors: Hakkarainen Viola , Daw Tim M. , Tengö Maria
Published: November 2019

Sustainability science has increasingly adopted more action-oriented approaches in an attempt to mobilise and implement a broad knowledge base to sustain human wellbeing and promote sustainable development. There is an increasing recognition of the importance of knowledge exchange (KE) between scientists and end users of research for enhancing social, environmental and economic impacts of research. Here, we explore the process of KE through close observation of two cases of KE between external PhD researchers and local actors in small-scale fisheries at the community level in Zanzibar, Tanzania. First, we address context by examining perceptions of research held by actors at community level and patterns of interactions and flows of benefits between external researchers and local actors including fisheries managers, local research institute as well as fishers and traders. Second, we unpack experiences of actors engaged in the cases of KE. The study draws attention to KE processes in the Global South and actors outside decision-making processes in fisheries management. The study concludes that as KE is a complex and dynamic process and that (i) history and relationships between actors shape the outcomes of KE, (ii) KE includes more than knowledge-based processes and outcomes because multiple incentives of different actors shape KE and how it is experiences and (iii) knowledge-based outcomes of KE are complex and unpredictable as different actors create their own meaning from shared information. The results exemplify the inevitably complex and unpredictable nature of KE processes and their outcomes, and provide insight into how KE can contribute to science–society relationships.
NMR resonance assignments of the four isoforms of the hazelnut allergen Cor a 1.04
Authors: Führer Sebastian , Zeindl Ricarda , Tollinger Martin
Published: November 2019

In large parts of Europe, Northern America and China people are suffering from allergies after consuming certain kinds of fruits and vegetables. Typical allergic symptoms range from scratching and itching of the throat to severe symptoms like rhino conjunctivitis and anaphylaxis. For hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), these allergies result from initial sensitization to the birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen allergen Bet v 1 and subsequent development of allergic cross-reactions to proteins that are similar in their three-dimensional structure to the sensitizing protein Bet v 1. The cross-reactive proteins in hazelnut are the four isoforms Cor a 1.04 with a molecular weight of about 17.5 kDa. Significant differences regarding the immunologic behavior of these proteins have been reported. In this work we assigned backbone and side chain 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shifts of these four isoforms, Cor a 1.0401, Cor a 1.0402, Cor a 1.0403, and Cor a 1.0404 by solution NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift data confirm the characteristic Bet v onefold for all four isoforms, consisting of seven β-strands that are separated by two short α-helices, along with a long C-terminal α-helix. These data provide the basis for a comparative structural and dynamic analysis of these proteins by NMR in order to characterize their different immunologic cross-reactivities on a molecular level.
Human–Robot Collaboration Acceptance Model: Development and Comparison for Germany, Japan, China and the USA
Authors: Bröhl Christina , Nelles Jochen , Brandl Christopher , Mertens Alexander , Nitsch Verena
Published: November 2019

The use of robots in the national economy—especially in industrialized countries—is growing. At the same time, the interdependency between humans and robots is getting increasingly closer: they are engaging in direct contact with each other as more and more organizations let robots and humans work hand-in-hand. One factor that predicts successful human–robot interdependency is the acceptance of the robot by the human. Generally, only when an innovative assistive working system covers human needs and expectations, it is perceived to be useful and hence accepted. Furthermore, it has been found that cultural context has an impact on human–robot interaction, as people feel more comfortable interacting with a robot in a culturally normative way. Therefore this paper aims at presenting a human–robot collaboration acceptance model (HRCAM) with regard to the collaboration between humans and robots that is based on prior acceptance models, while also considering technology affinity and ethical, legal and social implications. Additionally, similarities and differences in robot acceptance are shown for four selected countries—both in comparison to the overall human–robot collaboration acceptance model and between the countries. The HRCAM additionally shows which variables influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, and thus behavioral intention to use and use behavior. A further distinction is made between anchor variables, which can be influenced in the long term, and adjustment variables, which can be influenced in the short to medium term. The model therefore offers practitioners in the field of human–robot collaboration recommendations to increase the acceptance of robots.
Methods of crop yield measurement on multi-cropped plots: Examples from Tanzania
Authors: Wineman Ayala , Anderson C. Leigh , Reynolds Travis W. , Biscaye Pierre
Published: November 2019

Precise agricultural statistics are necessary to track productivity and design sound agricultural policies. Yet, in settings where multi-cropping is prevalent, even crop yield—perhaps the most common productivity metric—can be challenging to measure. In a survey of the literature on crop yield in low-income settings, we find that scholars specify how they estimate the area denominator used to measure yield in under 10% of cases. Using household survey data from Tanzania, we consider four alternative methods of allocating land area on multi-cropped plots, ranging from treatment of the entire plot as the yield denominator to increasingly precise approaches that account for the space taken up by other crops. We then explore the implications of this measurement decision for analyses of yield, focusing on one staple crop that is often grown on its own (rice) and one that is frequently found on mixed plots and in intercropped arrangements (maize). A majority (64%) of cultivated plots contain more than one crop, and average yield estimates vary with different methods of calculating area planted—particularly for maize. Importantly, the choice among area methods influences which of these two crops is found to be more calorie-productive per hectare. This choice also influences the statistically significant correlates of crop yield, such that the benefits of intercropping and including legumes on a maize plot are only evident when using an area measure that accounts for mixed cropping arrangements. We conclude that the literature would benefit from greater clarity regarding how yield is measured across studies.
Single-phase friction riveting: metallic rivet deformation, temperature evolution, and joint mechanical performance
Authors: Pina Cipriano Gonçalo , Ahiya Aakash , dos Santos Jorge F. , Vilaça Pedro , Amancio-Filho Sergio T.
Published: November 2019

The present work explores the feasibility of single-phase friction riveting on unreinforced thermoplastics. In single phase, the load is kept constant throughout the process, avoiding the forging phase with higher axial force, used in the conventional process. This process variant can constitute an answer when payload restrictions exist. The results demonstrate the feasibility of single-phase friction riveting on unreinforced polyetherimide plates joined by AA2024 rivets with 5 mm of diameter. A Box-Behnken design of experiments and analysis of variance were used to set parameter matrix and understand the correlations between parameters and joint properties. A large variation of the mechanical energy input was observed (151–529 J). Over-deformation and material rupture were observed in higher energy conditions. Lower energy input yielded a bell-shaped rivet plastic deformation, corresponding to the best performance. The maximum process temperatures varied between 461 and 509 °C. This friction riveting process variant allowed a considerable high mechanical strength to be achieved, with ultimate tensile force of 7486 N, comparable with the two-phase friction riveting process, albeit applying lower axial forces, such as 2400 N. Within the investigated conditions, this study proves the feasibility of the single-phase process, achieving good global mechanical performance and energetically efficient conditions, without forging phase.
Ethics education should make room for emotions: a qualitative study of medical ethics teaching in Indonesia and the Netherlands
Authors: Muhaimin Amalia , Hoogsteyns Maartje , Utarini Adi , Willems Derk Ludolf
Published: November 2019

Studies have shown that students may feel emotional discomfort when they are asked to identify ethical problems which they have encountered during their training. Teachers in medical ethics, however, more often focus on the cognitive and rational ethical aspects and not much on students’ emotions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore students’ feelings and emotions when dealing with ethical problems during their clinical training and explore differences between two countries: Indonesia and the Netherlands. We observed a total of eighteen ethics group discussions and interviewed fifteen medical students at two medical schools. Data were interpreted and analyzed using content analysis. We categorized students’ negative emotions based on their objects of reflection and came up with three categories: emotions concerning their own performance, emotions when witnessing unethical behaviors, and emotions related to barriers and limitations of their working environment. Our study suggests that addressing emotional responses in a culturally sensitive way is important to develop students’ self-awareness. Teachers should be able to guide students to reflect on and be critical of their own thoughts and emotions, to understand their own moral values, especially when confronted with other individuals.
No-Platforming and Higher-Order Evidence, or Anti-Anti-No-Platforming
Authors: LEVY NEIL
Published: November 2019

No-platforming—the refusal to allow those who espouse views seen as inflammatory the opportunity to speak in certain forums—is very controversial. Proponents typically cite the possibility of harms to disadvantaged groups and, sometimes, epistemically paternalistic considerations. Opponents invoke the value of free speech and respect for intellectual autonomy in favor of more open speech, arguing that the harms that might arise from bad speech are best addressed by rebuttal, not silencing. In this article, I argue that there is a powerful consideration in favor of no-platforming some speakers: allowing them a platform generates genuine higher-order evidence in favor of their claims. When that higher-order evidence would be misleading, we may reasonably believe it should not be generated.
Radiocarbon age offsets of Plants and Shells in Holocene sediments from the Sukumo plain, Southwest Coast of Shikoku, Southwest Japan
Authors: Nakanishi Toshimichi , Tsuji Tomohiro , Nanayama Futoshi , Yamaguchi Tatsuhiko , Kondo Yasuo , Ikeda Michiharu , Hong Wan
Published: November 2019

To identify chronological changes in the marine reservoir effect in southwest Japan, the radiocarbon ages of eight pairs of marine shells and terrestrial plants were measured from the same horizons of one core of Holocene sediments. This core was obtained from the northern part of the Sukumo Plain in southwestern Shikoku Island, which faces the warm Kuroshio Current. The drilling site is located in an area of subsidence associated with the convergence of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. On analyses of lithology, molluscan assemblages, and radiocarbon dating, we interpreted, from oldest to youngest, nine units: basement rock, a braided river channel, a meandering river channel, an estuary, a transgressive inner bay, Kikai-Akahoya volcanic ash, a deltaic inner bay, a tidal flat, and artificial soil. Changes in the depositional environment were mainly associated with sea-level rise after the end of the last glaciation. The reservoir ages of the eight pairs, 330 ± 70 yr, were obtained from a transgressive inner bay to deltaic inner bay sediments, formed during 4100–9200 cal BP. The chronological change in the reservoir effect allows us to correlate the Sukumo Core sediments with previous results from southwestern Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan Island.
Financing China's engagement in Africa: new state spaces along a variegated landscape
Authors: Siu Helen F.
Published: November 2019

Recent studies on Chinese investment in Africa have particularly focused on the hardware of development – infrastructure – and its impact. China's vision to forge a new global order was made explicit when Xi declared his ‘One Belt, One Road’ policy in 2013. Underlying the grand infrastructural schemes and political posturing are hidden financial manoeuvres, the soft side of power, unspoken sociality and value contestations. This article focuses on the variegated landscape of China–Africa trade/finance infrastructure centring on Hong Kong. It highlights top-down state orchestration but also explores historical contingencies that have shaped the strategies of those whose footprints unexpectedly straddle continental divides.
The need to travel: Malian women shuttle traders, autonomy and (mis)trust in neoliberal Dakar
Authors: Jónsson Gunvor
Published: November 2019

Recent infrastructural developments in Senegal have severely impacted on the livelihoods of femalebana-banasfrom Mali, a group of mobile traders operating in the Mali–Dakar corridor: transportation costs have significantly increased, travelling has become a more exhausting experience, and fatal accidents have become more frequent during journeys. Why did thebana-banascontinue these arduous journeys? Why was their physical presence required in Dakar, and why did they not rely more extensively on social networks to facilitate their transnational trade? This article examines the conditions of autonomy, flexibility and limited trust that characterized thebana-banas’ livelihoods and necessitated their continued mobility from Mali. The recent infrastructural transformations have led to an increased commercialization and disarticulation of Malian trade networks in the Senegalese capital, and, due to personal circumstances, the women have often been cut off from networks. However, unlike general expectations of the ways in which networks evolve under conditions of neoliberalism, thebana-banashave not turned to personalized relationships of trust in Dakar, which might have facilitated their trade from a distance. The article contributes to the growing literature on social networks and trust by exploring how transnational trade does and does not work at this historical moment and in the context of gendered constraints.
An Argument for the Continued Validity of Woman-to-Woman Marriages in Post-2010 Kenya
Authors: Kareithi Monicah , Viljoen Frans
Published: November 2019

Woman-to-woman marriage is a form of customary marriage between two women, predominantly found in Africa. These customary marriages have been and to some extent still are conducted by various communities across Africa, including in Kenya. Communities such as the Kamba, Kisii, Nandi, Kikuyu and Kuria practise woman-to-woman marriages for a variety of reasons. The legal status of woman-to-woman marriages in Kenya is uncertain due to the provisions of article 45(2) of Kenya's Constitution of 2010 and section 3(1) of the Marriage Act of 2014, which stipulate that adults only have the right to marry persons of the opposite sex. However, a holistic and purposive reading of the constitution, taking into consideration its recognition of culture and the protection of children as important values in Kenyan society, and considering the historical context within which the provisions concerning same-sex marriages were included, leads to the conclusion that these provisions were not intended to proscribe the cultural practice of woman-to-woman marriage in Kenya. The constitutional validity of woman-to-woman marriage opens the door to a more expansive and fluid understanding of “family” in Kenya.
The relationships between sarcopenic skeletal muscle loss during ageing and macronutrient metabolism, obesity and onset of diabetes
Authors: Welch Ailsa A. , Hayhoe Richard P. G. , Cameron Donnie
Published: November 2019

Skeletal muscle is integral to the metabolism and utilisation of macronutrients; however, substantial muscle loss and morphological changes occur with ageing. These are associated with loss of muscle function and accelerate rapidly from the age of 60 years, leading to the conditions of sarcopenia and frailty. As the relationship between muscle ageing and macronutrient metabolism and utilisation has seen limited research to date, this review focuses on the interactions between skeletal muscle changes during ageing, metabolism and utilisation of fat, carbohydrates and overall energy expenditure.

Skeletal muscle contributes less to resting energy expenditure during ageing, potentially contributing to onset of obesity from middle age. Age-related changes to skeletal muscle lead to glucose dysregulation, with consequent reduction in glycaemic control, increased insulin resistance and ultimately onset of type-2 diabetes. Recent studies indicate that high total fat and SFA intake are detrimental to skeletal muscle, while higher intakes of PUFA are protective. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscle may also reduce total fatty acid utilisation.

In conclusion, further research is needed to understand the relationships between macronutrient metabolism and utilisation and age-related changes to skeletal muscle. No dietary recommendations exist specifically for skeletal muscle health during ageing, but we advise individuals to follow healthy eating guidelines, by consuming sufficient protein, fruit and vegetables, and limited SFA and to maintain physically active lifestyles. Clinicians responsible for managing type-2 diabetes need to be aware of growing evidence relating age-related skeletal muscle changes to diabetes onset and progression.
Notice. An Unpublished Inscription from the Fort of Ahmadnagar
Authors: SOHONI PUSHKAR , KWIATKOWSKI WILLIAM
Published: November 2019

The fort of Ahmadnagar is important in the Sultanate history of the Deccan. There is no published epigraphic evidence regarding its construction. This notice concerns an inscription that has hitherto gone unnoticed, and which mentions the rebuilding of the fort in stone.
LITURGY AS HISTORY: THE ORIGINS OF THE EXETER MARTYROLOGY
Authors: HAMILTON SARAH
Published: November 2019

Through an Anglo-Norman case study, this article highlights the value of normative liturgical material for scholars interested in the role that saints’ cults played in the history and identity of religious communities. The records of Anglo-Saxon cults are largely the work of Anglo-Norman monks. Historians exploring why this was the case have therefore concentrated upon hagiographical texts about individual Anglo-Saxon saints composed in and for monastic communities in the post-Conquest period. This article shifts the focus away from the monastic to those secular clerical communities that did not commission specific accounts, and away from individual cults, to uncover the potential of historical martyrologies for showing how such secular communities remembered and understood their own past through the cult of saints. Exeter Cathedral Library, MS 3518, is a copy of the martyrology by the ninth-century Frankish monk, Usuard of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, written in and for Exeter cathedral's canons in the mid-twelfth century. Through investigation of the context in which it was produced and how its contents were adapted to this locality, this article uncovers the various different layers of the past behind its compilation. It further suggests that this manuscript is based on a pre-Conquest model, pointing to the textual debt Anglo-Norman churchmen owed to their Anglo-Saxon predecessors.
The Florida State Twin Registry
Authors: Taylor Jeanette , Martinez Kimberly , Hart Sara A.
Published: November 2019

The Florida State Twin Registry has existed for nearly two decades, and it grew primarily over 10 years as part of the Florida Learning Disability Research Center at Florida State University. The registry contains 2753 sets of twins and other multiples in Florida. The mean age of the sample currently is 17.96 years (SD = 2.05). The registry is diverse in terms of race and ethnicity (49% White, 19% African American, 24% Hispanic and 8% mixed or other). The characteristics of the samples and measures in the studies that served to build the registry are outlined.
Rapid necrosis: a novel plant resistance mechanism to 2,4-D
Authors: Queiroz Andrew R. S. de , Delatorre Carla A. , Lucio Felipe R. , Rossi Caio V. S. , Zobiole Luiz H. S. , Merotto Aldo
Published: November 2019

Plants of Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker] were identified in a field with an unusual rapid leaf-injury herbicide symptoms after application of 2,4-D in mixture with glyphosate. The objectives of this study were to confirm the occurrence of resistance to 2,4-D herbicide and to characterize the occurrence of rapid necrosis as the mechanism associated with the herbicide resistance in C. sumatrensis. The studies performed were an initial screening, effect of 2,4-D alone and associated with glyphosate, cross- and multiple-resistance evaluation, effect of commercial formulation and analytical product, and rate of H2O2 evolution. The Marpr9-rn accession was identified with rapid necrosis symptoms and survival to 804 g ae ha−1 of 2,4-D. The resistance factor to the herbicide 2,4-D was 18.6 at 49 d after spraying. The analytical product 2,4-D and the commercial formulation resulted in similar symptoms of rapid necrosis. This symptom did not occur for the six other auxinic herbicides (dicamba, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, fluroxypyr, halauxifen-methyl, picloram, and triclopyr), indicating absence of cross-resistance. Multiple resistance to the herbicides paraquat, saflufenacil, and ammonium glufosinate was not identified in the Marpr9-rn population. However, survival following treatment with the herbicides glyphosate and chlorimuron-ethyl occurred. The evolution of H2O2 began at 15 min after application and was less pronounced in low light. These results indicate the first case of resistance to 2,4-D and occurrence of rapid necrosis in C. sumatrensis.
Analysis of tumor vascularization in a mouse model of metastatic lung cancer
Authors: Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan , Sakamoto Maya , Mori Shiro , Kodama Tetsuya
Published: November 2019

Therapies targeting tumor vasculature would improve the treatment of lung metastasis, although the early changes in vascular structure are incompletely understood. Here, we show that obstructive metastatic foci in lung arterioles decrease the pulmonary vascular network. To generate a mouse model of lung metastasis activation, luciferase-expressing tumor cells were inoculated into the subiliac lymph node (SiLN) of an MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mouse, and metastatic tumor cells in the lungs were activated by SiLN resection. Activation of metastases was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Pulmonary blood vessel characteristics were analyzed using ex vivo micro-computed tomography. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in neovasculature after tumor cell activation was evaluated from the accumulation of intravenously injected indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes. Metastatic foci in lung arterioles were investigated histologically. Micro-computed tomography revealed decreases in pulmonary blood vessel length, volume and number of branching nodes during the early stage of metastasis caused by metastatic foci. ICG liposome accumulation by the EPR effect was not detected. Histology identified metastatic foci in lung arterioles. The lack of an EPR effect after the formation of metastatic foci in lung arterioles makes conventional systemic chemotherapy ineffective for lung metastasis. Thus, alternative therapeutic methods of drug delivery are needed.
Temporal characterization of femtosecond laser pulses using tunneling ionization in the UV, visible, and mid-IR ranges
Authors: Cho Wosik , Hwang Sung In , Nam Chang Hee , Bionta Mina R. , Lassonde Philippe , Schmidt Bruno E. , Ibrahim Heide , Légaré François , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: November 2019

To generalize the applicability of the temporal characterization technique called “tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field” (TIPTOE), the technique is examined in the multicycle regime over a broad wavelength range, from the UV to the IR range. The technique is rigorously analyzed first by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Then, experimental verification is demonstrated over an almost 5-octave wavelength range at 266, 1800, 4000 and 8000 nm by utilizing the same nonlinear medium – air. The experimentally obtained dispersion values of the materials used for the dispersion control show very good agreement with the ones calculated using the material dispersion data and the pulse duration results obtained for 1800 and 4000 nm agree well with the frequency-resolved optical gating measurements. The universality of TIPTOE arises from its phase-matching-free nature and its unprecedented broadband operation range.
Shedding New Light on Ancient Glass Beads by Synchrotron, SEM-EDS, and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques
Authors: Saminpanya Seriwat , Saiyasombat Chatree , Thammajak Nirawat , Samrong Chanakarn , Footrakul Sirilak , Potisuppaiboon Nichanan , Sirisurawong Ekkasit , Witchanantakul Thumrongsak , Rojviriya Catleya
Published: November 2019

The oxidation states of colouring elements and the pigments in ancient rare glasses have been investigated in this study. Synchrotron X-ray, SEM-EDS, and Raman techniques revealed that Cu2+plays a major role in blue and green glasses. The lead stannate pigment gives glasses a yellow colour. Copper and lead stannate can cause the green colour in glasses, and iron gives rise to the colour of black glasses. Microcomputed tomography reveals the distribution of the heavy elements, pigments, and inclusions in the glasses. The Dvaravati glasses in Southeast Asia may have been imported or technologically transferred to domestic manufacturers during trading on the Silk Road that connected the East and the West.
Prefrontal activation related to spontaneous creativity with rock music improvisation: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Tachibana Atsumichi , Noah J. Adam , Ono Yumie , Taguchi Daisuke , Ueda Shuichi
Published: November 2019

Understanding how the brain modulates improvisation has been the focus of numerous studies in recent years. Models have suggested regulation of activity between default mode and executive control networks play a role in improvisational execution. Several studies comparing formulaic to improvised sequences support this framework and document increases in activity in medial frontal lobe with decreased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These patterns can be influenced through training and neural responses may differ between in beginner and expert musicians. Our goal was to test the generalizability of this framework and determine similarity in neural activity in the prefrontal cortex during improvisation. Twenty guitarists performed improvised and formulaic sequences in a blues rock format while brain activity was recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results indicate similar modulation in DLPFC as seen previously. Specific decreases of activity from left DLPFC in the end compared to beginning or middle of improvised sequences were also found. Despite the range of skills of participants, we also found significant correlation between subjective feelings of improvisational performance and modulation in left DLPFC. Processing of subjective feelings regardless of skill may contribute to neural modulation and may be a factor in understanding neural activity during improvisation.
Photoinduced Reversible Bending and Guest Molecule Release of Azobenzene-Containing Polydiacetylene Nanotubes
Authors: Jang Daewoong , Pramanik Sumit Kumar , Das Amitava , Baek Woohyun , Heo Jung-Moo , Ro Hyun-Joo , Jun Sangmi , Park Bum Jun , Kim Jong-Man
Published: November 2019

Creation of hollow, one-dimensional nanomaterials has gained great recent attention in the chemical and material sciences. In a study aimed at discovering new functional materials of this type, we observed that an amphiphilic diacetylene (DA) derivative, containing an azobenzene moiety and an oligo-ethylene group, self-assembles to form nanotubes and undergoes photopolymerization to form hollow polydiacetylene (PDA) nanotubes with a uniform wall thickness and diameter. The azobenzene-PDA nanotubes are photoresponsive in that on-and-off UV-irradiation leads to a reversible morphological change between straight and bent forms in association with E-Z photoisomerization of the azobenzene group. Owing to the UV-induced structural change feature, the new DA and PDA nanotubes serve as a controlled release material. Accordingly, fluorescent rhodamine B encapsulated inside the nanotubes are effectively released by using repeated on-off UV irradiation. Furthermore, photo-release of rhodamine B was shown to occur in an artemia (brine shrimp).
Potential of Pulsed Electric Fields for the preparation of Spanish dry-cured sausages
Authors: Astráin-Redín Leire , Raso Javier , Cebrián Guillermo , Álvarez Ignacio
Published: November 2019

The aim of this investigation was to lay the groundwork of the potential application of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) technology for accelerating the drying process of meat and meat products, and specifically in this work of Spanish dry-cured sausages “longaniza”. PEF treatments were applied to pork loin samples, and the influence of different PEF parameters on the process were evaluated. An optimal PEF treatment of 1 kV/cm, 200 μs of pulse width and 28 kJ/kg was determined as the most suitable to electroporate meat cells and to improve water transfer by achieving a water content reduction of 60.4% in treated-meat samples dried at 4 °C. The influence of PEF on meat drying rate was also studied on minced pork and the results showed that with a particle size of 4.0 mm higher drying rates were achieved. To validate the results, Spanish cured sausages were prepared from treated and untreated minced pork and stuffed into gauzes and natural pork casings at pilot plant scale. After the curing process, the application of PEF to sausages stuffed into gauze reduced the drying time from 17 to 9–10 days, a reduction of 41–47%, confirming the effects described at lab scale and the potential of PEF for accelerating the sausage-drying process.
Control of binding of C60 molecules to the substrate by Coulomb blockade
Authors: Bozhko Sergey I. , Walshe Killian , Shvets Igor V.
Published: November 2019

We report on a transition in a monolayer of C60 molecules deposited on a WO2/W(110) substrate. The transition from a static state, where the molecules are rigidly bound to the surface by a coordination bond, to a state where the molecules are loosely bound to the surface by van der Waals force and rotate continuously, has been studied using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The separation between the molecules and the surface increases by 1.2 Å across the transition. The transition from the static state into the rotating state takes place at 259 K. The energy of the spinning state with respect to the lowest energy state, having a single coordinated bond, can be obtained from the statistics of the molecules switching. The binding energy of the molecule in the spinning state can be easily altered by changing the polarity of the bias voltage applied between the STM tip and the surface. The binding energy decreases by 80 meV when the bias polarity of the sample changes from positive to negative with respect to the tip. The results are consistent with the Coulomb blockade model: when electrons travel from the surface to the C60 molecule, and then to the tip; charge accumulates on the molecule due to the Coulomb blockade. This increases the electrostatic interaction between the molecule’s charge and a corresponding image charge generated on the metallic surface.
Seed germination ecology of Bidens pilosa and its implications for weed management
Authors: Chauhan Bhagirath Singh , Ali Hafiz Haider , Florentine Singarayer
Published: November 2019

It is now widely recognized that Bidens pilosa has become a problematic broadleaf weed in many ecosystems across the world and, particularly in the light of recent climate change conditions, closer management strategies are required to curtail its impact on agricultural cropping. In this investigation, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of B. pilosa, and also on the response of this weed to commonly available post-emergence herbicides in Australia. The environmental factors of particular interest to this current work were the effect of light and temperature, salinity, burial depth and moisture on B. pilosa since these are key management issues in Australian agriculture. In addition, the effects of a number of commonly used herbicides were examined, because of concerns regarding emerging herbicide resistance. In the tested light/dark regimes, germination was found to be higher at fluctuating day/night temperatures of 25/15 °C and 30/20 °C (92–93%) than at 35/25 °C (79%), whilst across the different temperature ranges, germination was higher in the light/dark regime (79–93%) than in complete darkness (22–38%). The standard five-minute temperature pretreatment required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination was found to be 160 °C, and it was further shown that no seeds germinated at temperatures higher than 240 °C. With regard to salinity, some B. pilosa seeds germinated (3%) in 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) but all failed to germinate at 250 mM NaCl. Germination declined from 89% to 2% as the external osmotic potential decreased from 0 to −0.6 MPa, and germination ceased at −0.8 MPa. Seeding emergence of B. pilosa was maximum (71%) for seeds placed on the soil surface and it was found that no seedlings emerged from a depth of 8 cm or greater. A depth of 3.75 cm was required to inhibit the seeds to 50% of the maximum emergence. In this study, application of glufosinate, glyphosate and paraquat provided commercially acceptable control levels (generally accepted as >90%) when applied at the four-leaf stage of B. pilosa. However, none of the herbicide treatments involved in this study provided this level of control when applied at the six-leaf stage. In summary, B. pilosa germination has been clearly shown to be stimulated by light and thus its emergence was greatest from the soil surface. This suggests that infestation from this weed will remain as a problem in no-till conservation agriculture systems, the use of which is increasing now throughout the world. It is intended that information generated from this study be used to develop more effective integrated management programs for B. pilosa and similar weeds in commercial agricultural environments which are tending toward conservation approaches.
Neural and functional correlates of impaired reading ability in schizophrenia
Authors: Dondé Clément , Martinez Antigona , Sehatpour Pejman , Patel Gaurav H. , Kraut Rebecca , Kantrowitz Joshua T. , Javitt Daniel C.
Published: November 2019

Deficits in early auditory processing (EAP) are a core component of schizophrenia (SZ) and contribute significantly to impaired overall function. Here, we evaluate the potential contributions of EAP-related impairments in reading to functional capacity and outcome, relative to effects of auditory social cognitive and general neurocognitive dysfunction. Participants included 30-SZ and 28-controls of similar age, sex, and educational achievement. EAP was assessed using an auditory working memory (tone-matching) task. Phonological processing and reading Fluency were assessed using the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing and Woodcock-Johnson reading batteries, respectively. Auditory-related social cognition was assessed using measures of emotion/sarcasm recognition. Functional capacity and outcome were assessed using the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment and Specific Level of Functioning scale, respectively. fMRI resting-state functional-connectivity (rsFC) was used to evaluate potential underlying substrates. As predicted, SZ patients showed significant and interrelated deficits in both phonological processing (d = 0.74, p = 0.009) and reading fluency (d = 1.24, p < 0.00005). By contrast, single word reading (d = 0.35, p = 0.31) was intact. In SZ, deficits in EAP and phonological reading ability significantly predicted reduced functional capacity, but not functional outcome. By contrast, deficits in reading fluency significantly predicted impairments in both functional capacity and functional outcome. Moreover, deficits in reading fluency correlated with rsFC alterations among auditory thalamus, early auditory and auditory association regions. These findings indicate significant contributions of EAP deficits and functional connectivity changes in subcortical and early auditory regions to reductions in reading fluency, and of impaired reading ability to impaired functional outcome in SZ.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of estrogen- and endocrine-disrupting chemical-induced reorganization of mouse mammary gland
Authors: Kanaya Noriko , Chang Gregory , Wu Xiwei , Saeki Kohei , Bernal Lauren , Shim Hyun-Jeong , Wang Jinhui , Warden Charles , Yamamoto Takuro , Li Jay , Park June-Soo , Synold Timothy , Vonderfecht Steve , Rakoff Michele , Neuhausen Susan L. , Chen Shiuan
Published: November 2019

Menopause is a critical window of susceptibility for its sensitivity to endocrine disrupting chemicals due to the decline of endogenous estrogen. Using a surgical menopausal (ovariectomized) mouse model, we assessed how mammary tissue was affected by both 17β-estradiol (E2) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). As flame retardants in household products, PBDEs are widely detected in human serum. During physiologically-relevant exposure to E2, PBDEs enhanced E2-mediated regrowth of mammary glands with terminal end bud-like structures. Analysis of mammary gland RNA revealed that PBDEs both augmented E2-facilitated gene expression and modulated immune regulation. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis, E2 was found to induce Pgr expression in both Esr1+ and Esr1− luminal epithelial cells and Ccl2 expression in Esr1+ fibroblasts. PBDEs promote the E2-AREG-EGFR-M2 macrophage pathway. Our findings support that E2 + PBDE increases the risk of developing breast cancer through the expansion of estrogen-responsive luminal epithelial cells and immune modulation.
Glycerylphytate as an ionic crosslinker for 3D printing of multi-layered scaffolds with improved shape fidelity and biological features
Authors: Mora-Boza Ana , Włodarczyk-Biegun Małgorzata K. , del Campo Aránzazu , Vázquez-Lasa Blanca , Román Julio San
Published: November 2019

GelMA/chitosan low concentrated ink crosslinked with a novel bioactive organic phytate compound provided 3D scaffolds with long-term stability and promising biocompatibility.
Irreversible adsorption of acidic, basic, and water gas molecules on calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite
Authors: Miyauchi Masato , Watanabe Takumi , Hoshi Daiki , Ohba Tomonori
Published: November 2019

Asymmetric expansion of a Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite lattice upon the adsorption of water vapour.
Magnetic internal heating-induced high performance Prussian blue nanoparticle preparation and excellent catalytic activity
Authors: Qin Zhiguo , Chen Bo , Huang Xiao , Mao Yu , Li Yan , Yang Fang , Gu Ning
Published: November 2019

This article exploits a magnetic internal heating approach to fabricate higher quality PBNPs with excellent catalytic activity and MRI contrast efficiency.
Synthesis of homoleptic, divalent lanthanide (Sm, Eu) complexes via oxidative transmetallation
Authors: Gompa Thaige P. , Jiang Ningxin , Bacsa John , La Pierre Henry S.
Published: November 2019

Divalent samarium and europium complexes with bulky 3-coordinate bis(tris-tert-butoxysilyl)amides are synthesized through oxidative transmetallation.
Energy-generating potential of anaerobically enhanced primary treatment of domestic wastewater using multiple-compartment bioreactors
Authors: Pfluger Andrew , Erickson Rebecca , Vanzin Gary , Hahn Martha , Callahan Jennie , Munakata-Marr Junko , Figueroa Linda
Published: November 2019

Modeled electrical energy generation from anaerobic primary treatment of domestic wastewater with baffled bioreactors. Energy generation from methane production exceeded energy use by conventional activated sludge in some scenarios.
CSSF-CLIP-HSQMBC: measurement of heteronuclear coupling constants in severely crowded spectral regions
Authors: Moreno Aitor , Hansen Kine Østnes , Isaksson Johan
Published: November 2019

A new pulse program development, a chemical shift selective filtration clean in-phase HSQMBC (CSSF-CLIP-HSQMBC), is presented for the user-friendly measurement of long-range heteronuclear coupling constants in severely crowded spectral regions.
Investigation of Cu doped flake-NiO as an anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Pan Yue , Zeng Weijia , Hu Rong , Li Bo , Wang Guiling , Li Qintang
Published: November 2019

Cu doped flake-NiO shows excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Solution-processed perovskite-colloidal quantum dot tandem solar cells for photon collection beyond 1000 nm
Authors: Manekkathodi Afsal , Chen Bin , Kim Junghwan , Baek Se-Woong , Scheffel Benjamin , Hou Yi , Ouellette Olivier , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Voznyy Oleksandr , Madhavan Vinod E. , Belaidi Abdelhak , Ashhab Sahel , Sargent Edward
Published: November 2019

Multi-junction solar cells based on solution-processed metal halide perovskites offer a route to increased power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, the limited options for infrared (IR)-absorbing back cells have constrained progress.
The long-term behaviors and differences in bone reconstruction of three polymer-based scaffolds with different degradability
Authors: Huang Jinhui , Xia Xue , Zou Qin , Ma Jingqi , Jin Shue , Li Jidong , Zuo Yi , Li Yubao
Published: November 2019

The study suggests a principle for future design and application of bone scaffolds that must have a relatively stable osteogenic space and scaffold interface, or have a degradation speed slower than the time of bone reconstruction completion.
Topological dual double node-line semimetals NaAlSi(Ge) and their potential as cathode material for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Yi X. , Li W. Q. , Li Z. H. , Zhou P. , Ma Z. S. , Sun L. Z.
Published: November 2019

Using a first-principles method and an effective model, we propose that the real material family NaAlSi(Ge) behaves as dual double node-line semimetals (DNLSs) with unconventional topological surface states.
Audiologists and Tinnitus
Authors: Henry James A. , Piskosz Michael , Norena Arnaud , Fournier Philippe
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Although tinnitus is highly prevalent among patients receiving audiology services, audiologists are generally untrained in tinnitus management. Audiology graduate programs, as a rule, do not provide comprehensive instruction in tinnitus clinical care. Training programs that do exist are inconsistent in their recommendations. Furthermore, no standards exist to prevent the delivery of unvetted audiologic services, which can be expensive for patients. Patients seeking professional services by an audiologist, therefore, have no basis upon which to be assured they will receive research-based care. The purpose of this article is to describe the current status of tinnitus management services that exist within the general field of audiology and to suggest specific approaches for improving those services.

Conclusion

Audiologists may be in the best position to serve as the primary health care providers for patients experiencing tinnitus. Tinnitus care services by audiologists, however, must achieve a level of evidence-based standardization.
Development of a Free Online Interactive Naming Therapy for Bilingual Aphasia
Authors: Sandberg Chaleece , Gray Teresa , Kiran Swathi
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this ongoing project was to provide speech-language pathologists who serve culturally and linguistically diverse populations with a freely available online tool for naming therapy in a variety of languages. The purpose of this clinical focus article was to report on this resource in an effort to make known its existence, its instructions for use, and the evidence-based practices from which it was developed.

Method

The website,
http://bilingualnamingtherapy.psu.edu/
, was created by the research team in collaboration with a web programmer using Amazon Web Services. The treatment protocol for the website was adapted from an evidence-based naming intervention in which clients select and verify appropriate semantic features for the target words. This protocol comes from the work of Kiran and colleagues (
Edmonds & Kiran, 2006
;
Kiran & Iakupova, 2011
;
Kiran & Lo, 2013
;
Kiran & Roberts, 2010
;
Kiran, Sandberg, Gray, Ascenso, & Kester, 2013
;
Krishnan, Tiwari, Kiran, & Chengappa, 2014
), who showed positive benefits of this therapy within and across languages in bilingual persons with aphasia. The stimuli for the online therapy were developed in a variety of languages. First, words and semantic features were translated from English to 10 different languages. Next, surveys were created using Qualtrics software and posted on Amazon Mechanical Turk to verify picture labels and semantic features for each word in each language. The results of these surveys guided the stimuli used for each language on the website. An interactive website was developed to allow clinicians to select a set of words and progress through a series of steps. A step-by-step tutorial on how to use this website is also included in this article.

Conclusions

The interactive online naming therapy described in this article is currently available in English and Spanish, with Chinese under construction. Several more languages are in various stages of preparation for use on the website, and suggestions for additional languages are being actively sought.
http://bilingualnamingtherapy.psu.edu/
promises to be a useful tool for speech-language pathologists who work with culturally and linguistically diverse clients. This website provides naming therapy materials, adapted from an evidence-based protocol, in a variety of languages, that have been developed based on feedback from speakers of each language to maximize cultural and linguistic appropriateness.