bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting Families of Young Children With Disabilities: Examining the Role of Administrative Structures
Authors: Epley Pamela , Gotto George S. , Summers Jean Ann , Brotherson Mary Jane , Turnbull Ann P. , Friend Anna
Published: March 2010

This article presents findings from two early intervention agencies examining how administrative structures affect providers’ ability to serve families of young children with disabilities. Based on previous research identifying three administrative structures (i.e., vision/leadership, organizational climate, and resources), this article illustrates the relationship between administrative structures, provider practices, and family supports and services. Findings include (a) the role of administrators’ knowledge and vision influencing provider practices, (b) the importance of organizational climates that foster partnership and peer support for implementing and evaluating practices, (c) the effects of resource allocation decisions on family supports and services, and (d) the need for accountability to ensure effective practices and family supports and services.
Severe Histiolymphocytic and Heterophilic Bronchopneumonia as a Reaction to In Ovo Fowlpox Vaccination in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Williams S. M. , Smith J. A. , Garcia M. , Brinson D. , Kiupel M. , Hofacre C.
Published: March 2010

Broiler chickens on several farms from a single poultry company experienced neurological signs and mortality in chicks between 3 days and 10 days of age over a 3-week period after use of a fowlpox-vectored infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine in ovo. At necropsy the lungs contained numerous tan or gray, opaque to translucent, 0.5- to 2.0-mm nodules in the parenchyma. Microscopic lesions were a multifocal severe lymphohistiocytic and heterophilic bronchopneumonia. Immunohistochemistry was positive for fowlpox virus in macrophages and lymphocytes, and polymerase chain reaction on paraffin-embedded lung tissues was positive for a fowlpox vector virus commonly used as a vaccine. The cause of the neurological signs was not determined.
Situs Inversus in Dpcd/Poll–/–, Nme7–/–, and Pkd1l1–/– Mice
Authors: Vogel P. , Read R. , Hansen G. M. , Freay L. C. , Zambrowicz B. P. , Sands A. T.
Published: March 2010

Situs inversus (SI) is a congenital condition characterized by left–right transposition of thoracic and visceral organs and associated vasculature. The usual asymmetrical positioning of organs is established early in development in a transient structure called the embryonic node. The 2-cilia hypothesis proposes that 2 kinds of primary cilia in the embryonic node determine left–right asymmetry: motile cilia that generate a leftward fluid flow, and immotile mechanosensory cilia that respond to the flow. Here, we describe 3 mouse SI models that provide support for the 2-cilia hypothesis. In addition to having SI, Dpcd/Poll–/– mice (for: deleted in a mouse model of primary ciliary dyskinesia) and Nme7–/– mice (for: nonmetastatic cells 7) had lesions consistent with deficient ciliary motility: Hydrocephalus, sinusitis, and male infertility developed in Dpcd/Poll–/– mice, whereas hydrocephalus and excessive nasal exudates were seen in Nme7–/– mice. In contrast, the absence of respiratory tract lesions, hydrocephalus, and male infertility in Pkd1l1–/– mice (for: polycystic kidney disease 1 like 1) suggested that dysfunction of motile cilia was not involved in the development of SI in this line. Moreover, the gene Pkd1l1 has considerable sequence similarity with Pkd1 (for: polycystic kidney disease 1), which encodes a protein (polycystin-1) that is essential for the mechanosensory function of immotile primary cilia in the kidney. The markedly reduced viability of Pkd1l1–/– mice is somewhat surprising given the absence of any detected abnormalities (other than SI) in surviving Pkd1l1–/– mice subjected to a comprehensive battery of phenotype-screening exams. However, the heart and great vessels of Pkd1l1–/– mice were not examined, and it is possible that the decreased viability of Pkd1l1–/– mice is due to undiagnosed cardiovascular defects associated with heterotaxy.
Global Climate Change and Implications for Disease Emergence
Authors: Slenning B. D.
Published: March 2010

The early consequences of global climate change (GCC) are well documented. However, future impacts on ecosystem health, and on the health of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, are much less well understood. Evidence of increasing frequency of extreme weather events (the 2003 trans-European heat wave, extended droughts in Australia and South America), of geographic changes in vector-borne disease (bluetongue and hanta viruses emerging in northern Europe, dengue virus expanding in central and northern America), and of altered animal behavioral responses (changes in bird migration patterns and fishery numbers) warrants action. To make valid choices, however, practitioners and decision makers must understand what is known about GCC and what is only theory. There will be a multitude of microbial, vector, and host responses to climate change, for example, and not all organisms will respond similarly or across equal time scales. Unfortunately, for many organisms and ecosystems the scientific community has a relatively poor understanding of current effectors and balances, making it problematic to describe the current situation, let alone to validate future predictions. The need for enhanced basic research and systematic surveillance programs is obvious, but putting such programs into place is daunting. However, the threats are real and fast approaching. What is done in the next few years may be decisive, whether for the good or the ill of all.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Biokristallo-graphie tierischer Harnsteine
Authors: Grünberg W.
Published: March 2010

A variety of urinary calculi occur in domestic and wild animals; the chemical names and formulae and the mineralogical designation of these are tabulated. Since the majority of urinary calculi in animals consist of crystalline substances, they lend themselves to analysis by crystallographic methods, particularly x-ray diffraction. Investigation of over 1000 urinary concrements from about 50 species of animals has shown that only about 22 different crystalline substances are involved in their formation. Most calculi in animals contain one or another salt of calcium. The relationship between the mineral crystalline substances and the organic material in calculi is discussed with respect to the theories of calculus formation.
Die Bedeutung der Plasmazellen als Antikörperbildner
Authors: Trautwein G.
Published: March 2010

During the last two decades, it has been shown by a great number of morphological, clinical, and experimental investigations that the humoral antibodies are formed by plasma cells. Plasma cells are immobile connective tissue cells which are formed in the medullary cords of lymph nodes, the red pulp of the spleen, the bone marrow, and in the adventitia of small blood vessels.

The theory of the plasmacellular antibody formation is based on these clinical and experimental observations: (1) Correlation of hypergammaglobulinemia in the blood serum and proliferation of plasma cells in the tissue in various diseases of men and animals. (2) Correlation of antibody concentration in the blood serum and plasma cell proliferation in hyperimmunized experimental animals. (3) Demonstration of antibody formation in plasma cells by in vitro experiments and extraction of γ-globulin from plasma cells. (4) Detection of antibodies in plasma cells with the fluorescent antibody technique.

Macrophages and lymphocytos also play a role in antibody formation. While it is the function of the macrophages to transform corpuscular antigen into soluble immunogenic antigen, the lymphocytes play the role of a co-factor. In newborns the thymus lymphocytes transmit substances which are necessary for the development and function of the antibody producing system.

The complicated problems of globulin synthesis in the antibody producing cell are explained in the light of the genetic theory of antibody formation advanced by Ehrich.
Spontaneous Herpes-T Infection in the Owl Monkey (Aotus trivirgatus)
Authors: Hunt Ronald D. , Melendez Luis V.
Published: March 2010

The pathological features of spontaneous herpes-T infection in 6 owl monkeys ( Aotus trivirgatus) were characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial and mesenchymal cells associated with necrosis of the skin, oral mucous membranes, esophagus, small intestine, cecum, colon, nasal mucous membranes, larynx, trachea, lung, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, and bone marrow. The inclusion bodies and the lesions are similar to herpes virus infections of other animal species. A virus was isolated from 5 monkeys, which on the basis of serum neutralization tests in vitro was identified as herpes-T.
Electron Microscopy of the Bovine Cutaneous Papilloma
Authors: Brobst D. , Hinsman E.J.
Published: March 2010

Experimentally produced bovine cutaneous papillomas of 30, 76 and 112 days' duration as well as 3 naturally occurring bovine cutaneous papillomas were examined by light and electron microscopy. Degenerative changes were not observed in the fibromatous base of the 30-day-old papilloma. An alteration in all papillomas older than 30 days was cytoplasmic vacuolation in cells of the prickle cell and keratohyaline layers. As cells progressed upward their degeneration became more prominent. In the keratinized layers of 2 papillomas virus-like particles were observed within plasma membranes of keratinized cells.
Experimental Nitrogen Dioxide Poisoning in Cattle
Authors: Cutlip Randall C.
Published: March 2010

Experimental inhalation of nitrogen dioxide by cattle resulted in methemoglobinemia, severe dyspnea and death. Pulmonary lesions consisted of hyperemia, edema, hemorrhage, fibrin deposition, hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium, obliterative bronchiolitis, infarction and emphysema. There was coagulative necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and skeletal muscles. The occurrence of lesions other than those described for bovine pulmonary adenomatotis lends no support to the idea that nitrogen dioxide is the cause of this disease.
Immunofluorescent and Morphologic Studies on Swinepox
Authors: Cheville N. F.
Published: March 2010

Five virus isolates were obtained from pox-like lesions in swine. The respective skin lesions, infected cell cultures, virus particles and experimentally infected young swine were identical to that of swinepox by histologic examination, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The fluorescent antibody test provided a rapid and accurate means of diagnosis of naturally occurring lesions.
Einschlusskörperchen in den Ganglienzellen des Ammonshornes und des Thalamus von Haus- und Zookatzen
Authors: von Mickwitz C.-U.
Published: March 2010

Vorkommen und Häufigkeit der Luzzanischen Körperchen im Ammonshorn und der Loewenthalschen Körperchen im Thalamus wurden bei 131 Hauskatzen, 33 Zoofeliden, 15 Hunden und 9 nichtkatzenartigen Zootieren mit Hilfe der Färbungen nach Muromzew, nach Paarmann und nach Lentz an Paraffinschnitten untersucht. Luzzanische Körperchen konnten bei 58,8% der Hauskatzen, 48,4% der Zookatzen und 20% der Hunde nachgewiesen werden. Die Häufigkeit dieser ZEK war bei den Feliden in den verschiedenen Altersgruppen unterschiedlich und erreichte bei erwachsenen Hauskatzen 84,3%, bei erwachsenen Zookatzen 64% und bei jungen Hauskatzen 4,8%. Loewenthalsche Körperchen konnten bei 85,1% der Hauskatzen, 96% der Zookatzen und 13,3% der Hunde festgestellt werden. Die Häufigkeit variierte stark in den verschiedenen Altersgruppen und betrug bei erwachsenen Feliden 100%. Die für die kausale Genese der Einschlüsse sich ergebenden Hinweise werden diskutiert. Auf Grund der durchgeführten histochemischen Reaktionen stellen die ZEK kohlenhydrat- und fettfreie Eiweisskörper dar.
Pulmonary Nocardiosis in the Rhesus Monkey Importance of Differentiation from Tuberculosis
Authors: Jonas Albert M. , Wyand D. Stuart
Published: March 2010

Two cases of pulmonary nocardiosis occurred in the primate colony of the Yale University School of Medicine from 1961–1965. During this same period 22 monkeys were necropsied with tuberculosis.

Pulmonary nocardiosis may be mistaken grossly and microscopically for tuberculosis. Although the gross appearance of the lungs in both diseases may be indistinguishable, there are important differential points. Pulmonary nocardiosis has the following features which tend to differentiate it from pulmonary tuberculosis: No tracheobronchial lymph node involvement, No extra-thoracic lesions, and Demonstration of typical organisms on direct smear.
The Fine Structure of the Bovine Wart
Authors: Fujimoto Yutaka , Olson Carl
Published: March 2010

The fine structure of 5 naturally occurring and 4 experimentally produced cases of bovine cutaneous fibropapillomatosis was compared to that of normal bovine skin with both light and electron microscopy.

Both degenerative and proliferative changes were found in the affected epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Virus-like particles (approximately 40 m μ) were first seen in the nuclei of degenerating fibroblasts and later in the epithelium. The number of virus-like particles was always small and they were associated with aggregates of chromatin. They were most numerous in the stratum granulosum. The degenerative changes were aggregation and margination of chromatin in the nucleus. In addition, epithelial cells had cytoplasmic vacuolization, loss of tonofibrils, focal necrobiosis, increased electron opaque globules and dilatation of intercellular spaces with changes of desmosomes. When these changes were marked the cells could be recognized as “pale cells” by light microscopy and usually occurred in groups. Viral multiplication appeared confined to these degenerating cells and no viral particles could be found in the proliferating cells. The proliferating epithelial cells were increased in size.

These changes were progressive in the developing fibropapilloma and could be categorized into stages of fibroplasia, immature fibropapilloma, mature fibropapilloma and regression.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das färberische Verhalten amyloider, fibrinoider und hyaliner Ablagerungen in der Gefässwand verschiedener Säugetiere und Vögel
Authors: Jakob W. , Hilgenfeld M.
Published: March 2010

Mittels der angewandten Amyloidnachweise war es möglich, Ablagerungen von Amyloid in der Gefässwand eindeutig vom Fibrinoid und Hyalin sbzugrenzen. Im Gegensatz zum Amyloid war für Fibrinoid ein stets positiver Ausfall der Fibrinfärbungen charakteristisch, die jedoch auch häutig beim Hyalin positiv ausfielen. Während sich die fibrinoiden Ablugerungen aber insgesamt fibrinpositiv verhielten, konnte Fibrin im Hyalin lediglich in Form begrenzter herdformiger Einlagerungen nachgewiesen werden.
Canine Proliferative and Necrotizing Tracheobronchitis, with Intranuclear Inclusion-Body and Hyaline Membrane Formation
Authors: Kelly D. F.
Published: March 2010

Diffuse proliferative and necrotizing trachcobronchitis, intranuclear inclusions, and pulmonary hyaline membranes were found in a 1-year-old female dachshund which was killed because of severe respiratory disease. Histologically the lesions resemble those described in adenoviral infections in calves, pigs, and man but a specific cause was not determined.
Neuronal Lipodystrophy. Occurrence in an Imbred Strain of Cattle
Authors: Read W. Kay , Bridges Charles H.
Published: March 2010

Spontaneous neuronal lipodystrophy with visceral involvement is reported in a bull of an inbred strain of cattle. The presence of neuronal inclusions similar to the multilamellar cytosomes and curvilinear bodies described in a type of late infantile amaurotic idiocy and a neurovisceral storage disease in man was demonstrated by light microscopy and confirmed by histochemistry and electron microscopy.
Septic Embolic Actinobacillosis. A Report of 2 Cases in New World Monkeys
Authors: Moon H. W. , Barnes D. M. , Higbee J. M.
Published: March 2010

Infection with Actinobacillus equuli occurred in a squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus) and a spider monkey ( Ateles paniscus). The disease in monkeys, characterized by widespread bacterial embolism and embolic suppurative nephritis, was similar to the disease caused by A. equuli in foals.
Hereditary Neuraxial Edema in Hereford Calves
Authors: Cordy D. R. , Richards W. P. C. , Stormont C.
Published: March 2010

Twelve newborn Hereford calves from 8 herds showed extensor spasms upon stimulation and inability to rise. Neuraxial lesions consisted of widespread vacuolation interpreted as edema and seen chiefly in terminal portions of myelinated bundles and in gray substance containing heavily myelinated fibers. Genetic analysis of 2 of these herds indicated an autosomal recessive pattern of transmission tracing back to a single bull. The identity of the disease in all herds suggested that it had the same hereditary basis in all of them.
A Congenital Progressive Ovine Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: McGavin M. D. , Baynes I. D.
Published: March 2010

A congenital progressive myopathy affecting 2% of a flock of Merino sheep involved most of the muscles of the pelvic and pectoral girdles. The vastus intermedius muscle was consistently affected; at 2 years of age 50% of its fibers were replaced by fat and at 5 years almost all. Lesions were bilaterally symmetrical. Usually all components of the quadriceps muscle were involved, but scattered affected fibers were found in most other appendicular muscles. The lesions in the quadriceps muscles resulted in inability to flex the femoro-tibial joint, with consequent difficulty in locomotion, which, under range conditions, resulted in death from inability to forage.

Histologically, affected muscles had rounded fibers with central and peripheral sarcoplasmic masses. The fibers contained vesicular nuclei that usually formed rows of up to 15, but occasionally up to 50. In 6-week-old lambs, muscle fibers ranged in diameter from 15-100 μ.

No lesion was detected in the peripheral or central nervous system.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das histochemische Verhalten amyloider, fibrinoider und hyaliner Ablagerungen in der Gefässwand verschiedener Säugetiere und Vögel. I. Proteine
Authors: Jakob W. , Krieg K. , Hilgenfeld M.
Published: March 2010

Zusammenfassung

In den untersuchten amyloiden, fibrinoiden und hyalinen Gefässwandablagerungen konnten in wechselnder Intensität primäre Aminogruppen, Sulfhydryl- und Disulfidgruppen sowie die Aminosäuren Tryptophan, Tyrosin und Arginin histochemisch dargestellt werden. Da Tryptophan, Tyrosin und Cystin/Cystein verhaltnismassig reichlich in den Plasmaproteinen vorkommen, ist anzunehmen, dass Bluteiweisskörper einen wesentlichen Bestandteil dieser Ablagerungen darstellen. Eine morphologische Unterscheidung des Amyloids, Fibrinoids und Hyalins kann auf Grund des qualitativ-histochemischen Nachweises dieser Aminosäuren nicht vorgenommen werden, weil sie in allen 3 Substraten vorkommen. ∗
Myocardial Sarcosporidiosis in the Camel
Authors: El-Etreby M. F.
Published: March 2010

Thirty-four of 42 hearts from apparently normal camels were infested with sarcosporidia. Cysts were invariably found in the papillary muscle of the left ventricular wall; in 12 hearts they were in the right ventricular wall and in 1 heart in Purkinje fibers. None was found in the auricular muscles.

An acute non-suppurative focal interstitial myocarditis occurred in association with the sarcocysts in 10 of the affected hearts. This reaction may be caused by a toxin from the cysts or it may be an allergic type of response in a previously sensitized host.
Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Kelly D. F.
Published: March 2010

Cutaneous histiocytomas from 4 dogs were examined by light and electron microscopy. A large (up to 10 μ in diameter) mononuclear cell with prominent filiform processes of the plasma membrane predominated. Its cytoplasm contained relatively small amounts of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, only occasional lysosomes, fibrils, most obvious in the perinuclear region, and small amounts of cytoplasmic debris. Acid phosphatase was not detected.

Fibroblasts and collagen formed a small part of the lesion, except at the junction with surrounding dermis, where fibers were plentiful.

The morphologic features of the lesion are compatible with the suggestion that the predominant cell is of histiocytic type.
Verminous Pneumonia in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
Authors: Fleischman Robert W. , Squire Robert A.
Published: March 2010

Verminous bronchitis and pneumonia due to Parafiaroides decorus infection is described in California sea lions ( Zalapbus californianus). Marked edema and multiple nodules occurred throughout the lungs. Histologically, both intact and degenerate lungworms occurred and the inflammatory response was pleomophic. A hyaline eosinophilic structure occurring beneath the tracheal and bronchial epithelium was morphologically similar to a structure seen in several human pulmonary diseases. Hypersensitivity may have been important in the underlying pathogenesis of This disease. Liver flukes ( Zalophotrema hepaaticum) and gastric ulcers containing nematodes ( Contraceacum osculalum) occurred in several animals.
A Diffuse Plasma-Cell Disease in a Golden Hamster (Cricitus auratus)
Authors: Crowley Leonard V.
Published: March 2010

A 3 1/2 year-old male hamster with neurologic disturbances hud a systemic plasms-cell disease. The most prominent feature was widespread plasmacytic infiltration of the meninges with secondary degeneration of the brain. It is uncertain whether the disease should He considered a plasma-cell neoplasm or a florid reactive plasmacytosis.
Ultrastructural Evaluation of Thyroid Parafollicular Cells of Pigs with Naturally Occurring Atrophic Rhinitis
Authors: Fetter A.W. , Capen C.C.
Published: March 2010

The thyroid parafollicular cells of 4-month-old control pigs and pigs with naturally occurring atrophic rhinitis were evaluated ultrastructurally. Significant difference was not observed in populations of parafollicular cells between the 2 groups of pigs. Parafollicular cells occurred in actively synthesizing and storage phases of the secretory cycle in both groups. Actively synthesizing cells had a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, aggregated ribosomes, and prominent Golgi apparatuses with prosecretory granules. The cytoplasm of parafollicular cells in the storage phase was packed with electron-dense secretory granules. The Golgi apparatus and ergastoplasm were less prominent. There was no evidence to suggest that an interference in the synthesis or release of thyrocalcitonin by parafollicular cells was of criologic importance in the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis.
The Ocular Lesions of Bovine Viral Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease
Authors: Bistner S.I. , Rubin L.F. , Saunders L. Z.
Published: March 2010

Ocular abnormalities, consisting of retinal atrophy, optic neuriris, cataract, and microphthalmia with retinal dysplasia occurred in calves born to Cows artificially infected with BVD-MD virus. Retinal lesions were also seen in the calves from a naturally-infected herd. The degree of retinal atrophy varied from back of formation of normal layers to focal loss of the rod and cone layer with pigmentary migration. Cataracts were primarily cortical. There were acute and chronic optic neuritis.
Epithelial Changes in Porcine Exudative Epidermitis An Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Obel Anna-Lisa , Nicander Lennart
Published: March 2010

The normal fine structure of the epidermis in piglets is similar to that in other mammals. Ten cases of exudative epidermitis were studied in different stages. In acute cases a crust of parakcratotic cells was evident. The cells of the stratum intermedium and the outer layers of the stratum spinosum were swollen and vacuolated. Desmosomes and tonofibrils were reduced in size and number. The intercellular spaces were enlarged and contained an opaque material.

In subacute and mild cases the lesions were less pronounced. The healing process was studied in one less severe, acute case.

The observations arc interpreted as indicating a primary lesion in the Stratum granulosum and possibly in adjacent cells of the stratum spinosum. No evidence of a bacterial etiology was found. The observed changes are similar to those seen in viral disease of the skin.
Ultrastructural Nature of Canine Distemper Inclusions in the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Richter Ward R. , Motze Sarah M.
Published: March 2010

The ultrastructural nature of canine distemper inclusions was studied in the bladder epithelium of 4 dogs. These tissues were compared to 5 control animals. The classical intracytoplasmic inclusion consists of filaments or tubules which are helices of ribonuclcoprotein of the virus. A second type of inclusion is described and occurs in control and infected dogs. The heterogeneous dense body is not related to canine distemper infection.
Renal Nosematosis in Young Rubbits
Authors: Flatt Ronald E. , Jackson Samuel J.
Published: March 2010

The kidneys of 100 of 2,338 rabbits (4.3%) slaughtered for human consumption had focal cortical depressions. Histologically, the lesions in these kidneys consisted of focal granulomatous nephritis to chronic interstitial nephritis with scarring. Nosema cuniculi was demonstrated microscopically in 35 (35%) of the grossly affected kidneys. The number of organisms decreased as the lesions became older.
Mucoid Enteritis of Rabbits: Comparison to Cholera and Cystic Fibrosis (with color plate II)
Authors: van Kruiningen H. J. , Williams C. B.
Published: March 2010

Fourteen cases of spontaneous mucoid enteritis, five cases that occurred after transmission of material from natural cases, and 13 control animals were studied to define disease characteristics and lesions. Prominent clinical features included diarrhea with passage of mucus, polydipsia, crouched stance, distended abdomen, succussion splash, and subnormal temperature. Transmission of the disease was equivocally successful. Rabbits with mucoid enteritis had moderate leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, azotemia, serum globulin alterations, and electrolyte imbalance. Autopsy consistently revealed distended stomach, fluid-filled small bowel, impacted cecum, and mucus-filled colon. In the small intestine there was mucus-cell hyperplasia and in the colon mucous casts, glandular dilatation, and depletion of acidic mucus. The small-bowel changes in mucoid enteritis are similar to those in enterotoxin-induced secretory diarrheas, and the excessive discharge of mucus is comparable to that of cystic fibrosis.
Basophilic Leukemia in a Dog
Authors: Alroy J.
Published: March 2010

A case of basophilic myelogenous leukemia in a dog is reported. There was only 1% of basophiles in the peripheral blood. These cells and immature granulocytes were dominant in bone marrow and in other organs. The γ-globulin was slightly increased and the macrogammaglobulin decreased.
Nephroblastoma in a Bovine Fetus
Authors: Kirkbride C. A. , Bicknell E. J.
Published: March 2010

The right kidney of a bovine fetus aborted at approximately 6 months gestation was 15x19x10 cm, weighed 1.47 kg, and was not lobulated. The cut surface was pale pink and spongy. A diagnosis of nephroblastoma was made on the basis of epitheliallined tubular structures and cysts in a connective tissue stroma.
Location of Liver Injury and Extent of Bilirubinaemia in Experimental Liver Lesions
Authors: Gopinath C. , Ford E. J. H.
Published: March 2010

Reports on experimental hepatotoxicities in domestic animals were reviewed in order to investigate the relationship between the location of liver lesions and hyperbilirubinaemia. A purely centrilobular lesion tends to produce little effect on bilirubin concentration in the circulation. A mild to moderate hyperbilirubinaemia is predictable if a centrilobular lesion is extensive enough to include cells of the outer zones, however, even an apparently mild periportal liver lesion, but one that affects the integrity of cell membranes, results in a marked rise in bilirubin concentration in the circulation.
Extraperitoneal Lesions in Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Authors: Montali R. J. , Strandberg J. D.
Published: March 2010

Twelve cats with pathologic diagnoses of feline infectious peritonitis were studied. The lesions were primarily extraserosal. This pathologic syndrome was characterized by granulomatous inflammation in a variety of organs, but principally affected the kidneys, visceral lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, and leptomeninges. Histologically, the granulomas were composed of mixtures of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and large spindleshaped histiocytes, and contained areas of necrosis. Inflamed superficial and deep pulmonary and renal cortical veins, the latter often thrombosed, were consistently detected. Phlebitis was also present in other organs, but to a lesser degree. Cell-free tissue extracts from one cat produced clinical and pathologic changes compatible with those originally described for feline infectious peritonitis. Observations of these natural and induced cases show that this form of the disease with disseminated granulomas and minimal serosal lesions may progress by vascular routes.
Renal Cortical Necrosis in a Cat
Authors: Hall G. A.
Published: March 2010

An 8-year-old cat had symptoms of advanced renal failure. At postmortem examination it was found to have extensive bilateral renal cortical necrosis that appeared to have been in existence for some weeks. The literature on this type of lesion was reviewed, but no conclusions could be reached on the pathogenesis of this case.
Lesions in Southdown Sheep with Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: McGavin M. D. , Cornelius C. E. , Gronwall R. R.
Published: March 2010

Seven mutant Southdown sheep, with congenital hyperbilirubinemia, 1 1/4–5 years of age, were necropsied. Gross lesions were yellow and green discolorations, testicular atrophy, radial renal fibrosis, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, and ascites. Pigmentation was detected only in the teeth unless the sheep had been exsanguinated; light green bones, periosteum, fascia, serosa, tracheal and esophageal mucosae, and yellow intima of the aorta and endocardium were then visible. All lymph nodes showed mild lymphadenitis with hyperplasia of the reticulohistiocytic cells that contained bilirubin. Pigment (‘lipofuscin’) was present pericanalicularly in the hepatocytes without any zonal distribution. Seminiferous tubular degeneration resulted in reduced spermatogenesis. Most deaths were attributed to renal failure associated with renal radial fibrosis.
Cytoplasmic Inclusions in Urinary Bladder Epithelium of the Rhesus Monkey A Histochemical, Light- and Electron-Microscopic Study
Authors: Burek J. D. , Van Zwieten M. J. , Stookey J. L.
Published: March 2010

Cytoplasmic inclusions in urinary bladder epithelium found in nine of 155 Rhesus monkeys were examined. The inclusions were brightly eosinophilic in HE-stained sections. In the electron microscope the inclusions appeared as bundles of filaments. They were not associated with viral particles, were not membrane-bound, and appeared to have a continuity with normal tonofilaments. They apparently contain protein, but neither DNA nor RNA were demonstrated by various histochemical methods.
Endometriosis in Four Irradiated Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Splitter G. A. , Kirk J. H. , Mac Kenzie W. F. , Rawlings C. A.
Published: March 2010

Four Rhesus monkeys that had been irradiated at 1 year of age and developed extensive endometriosis of the pelvic and peritoneal cavities 7 years later. Endometriosis was characterized by aggressive viable nonanaplastic endometrial epithelial cells in ectopic sites throughout the genital organs. Theories of pathogenesis for man may not be valid for nonhuman primates. Retrograde flow of endometrial fragments via the oviducts may be the source of the extrauterine lesions since in monkeys 1, 2, and 4 the ovaries were in the main extrauterine masses. Whether the extrauterine endometrium is metaplastic or metastatic, there is little doubt that endometriosis is linked to the cyclic hormones of the female's reproductive cycle. The cases reported occurred at 8 years of age, and the deaths may illustrate shortening of life as a latent effect of irradiation.
Pathology of the Disease in Sheep Produced Experimentally by Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Ikede B. O. , Losos G. J.
Published: March 2010

Sheep inoculated intravenously with Trypanosoma brucei had fever, irregular parasitaemia, moderate anaemia, subcutaneous oedema, dullness, anorexia, and nervous signs followed by death in 29–69 days. Emaciation, serous effusions into body cavities and generalised enlargement and oedema of lymph nodes were seen at necropsy. Microscopically there was extensive localisation of trypanosomes in the extravascular body fluids, and in interstitial connective tissues, resulting in mononuclear inflammatory reactions in the heart, skeletal muscle, skin, brain, pituitary, eye, serosal surfaces, urinary bladder, epididymis and testis, and in generalised lymphoid hyperplasia. These observations in sheep are comparable to those made in other animals infected with trypanosomes of the brucei group.
Studies of Old Dog Encephalitis. II. Electron Microscopic and Immunohistologie Findings
Authors: Lincoln S. D. , Gorham J. R. , Davis W. C. , Ott R. L.
Published: March 2010

Intranuclear inclusions in neurons and glial cells of a dog with old dog encephalitis had paramyxovirus nucleocapsid structures identical to those observed in distemperinfected CNS tissue. This finding further suggests that the distemper virus is involved in the pathogenesis of old dog encephalitis. Canine γ-globulin (IgG) was demonstrated in frozen brain sections by means of the direct fluorescent antibody test. Although IgG occurred in the cyptoplasm of mononuclear cells and in the neural parenchyma in those areas where viral antigen was most abundant, it was not established if it was antibody to distemper virus.
Mammary Nodular Hyperplasia in Intact Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Nelson L. W. , Shott L. D.
Published: March 2010

Two control female Rhesus monkeys in long-term toxicity studies had multiple, palpable nodules in the breast regions. These subcutaneous nodules were 2–7 mm in diameter, firm, and freely movable. No progressive clinical change was observed during a follow-up of 17 or 20 months. Microscopically, one excised nodule consisted of proliferated acinar epithelial cells arranged in lobular patterns. The cells were well differentiated and presented no features of neoplasia. A diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia was compatible with the microscopie findings and the clinical follow-up of similar nodules.
Ochratoxicosis in Beagle Dogs. 1. Clinical and Clinicopathological Features
Authors: Szczech G. M. , Carlton W. W. , Tuite J.
Published: March 2010

Rice culture of Aspergillus ochraceus that contained ochratoxin A or pure crystalline ochratoxin A was administered orally daily to 23 young male Beagle dogs. Six other young male Beagles served as controls. Most dogs were killed in extremis on or before day 14 after receiving a daily oral dose of ochratoxin A, 0.2–3.0 mg/kg body weight. Consistent clinical features of the mycotoxicosis were anorexia, weight loss, emesis, tenesmus, passage of clots of blood-stained mucus from the rectum, rectal temperature up to 107°F, tonsillitis, dehydration and prostration. The prominent clinicopathological features of the toxicosis were a reflection of renal damage. The urine had a specific gravity as low as 1.004 and contained granular casts, necrotic renal epithelium, and concentrations above normal of protein, glucose, lactic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Serum concentrations of these enzymes did not change. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen remained, with two exceptions, within the normal range, but the concentrations of blood glucose declined terminally. Serum concentrations of the liver-specific enzyme, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and sulfabromophthalein dye retention time did not indicate hepatic dysfunction.
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea. Electron Microscopy of Intestines Infected with a Reovirus-Like Agent
Authors: Stair E. L. , Mebus C. A. , Twiehaus M. J. , Underdahl N. R.
Published: March 2010

Neonatal calf diarrhea induced by a reovirus-like agent was studied by electron microscopy. Gnotobiotie calves were inoculated with virulent and cell-cultureadapted isolates of viruses, and similar results were obtained with both isolates. The virus infected mature villous epithelial cells of the small intestine and replicated predominantly within cisternac of the endoplasmic reticulum. Macrophages within small intestinal villi also contained viral particles. Shedding of virus into the feces apparently resulted from desquamation of infected epithelial cells. Replacement epithelium did not contain the rcovirus-like agent, was of cuboidal or squamous type, and ultrastructurally resembled immature epithelium normally found in the crypts. Escherichia coli was nonpathogenic when inoculated alone and did not adhere to the epithelium when inoculated with the virus. The reovirus-like agent was a primary pathogen since it caused diarrhea and lesions when inoculated alone or with E. coli.
Ocular Protothecosis in a Dog
Authors: Carlton W. W. , Austin L.
Published: March 2010

Prototheca organisms were observed in both eyes of a collie dog. The dog was blind, and the vitreal space of each eye was filled with gray-white material. Nongranulomatous endophthalmitis was seen in both eyes and in one eye posterior synechia and hemorrhage were observed. The retinas were totally detached by exudate. Various amounts of exudate consisting mostly of protothecal cells were present within and above the choroid. Also, exudate teeming with organisms was attached to the choroidal aspect of the detached retinas. In one eye infection extended into and about the optic nerve.
Enzymhistochemie der Atrioventrikularklappen bei Endokardiose des Hundes
Authors: Schneider P. , Ernst E. , Trautwein G.
Published: March 2010

Enzyme histochemical studies were performed on normal atrioventricular heart valves and valves with different stages of endocardiosis in the dog. The enzymes studied wereß-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-ß-glucoseaminidase, AMPase, ATPase and glucose-ß-phosphate dehydrogenase. Increased enzymatic activity was seen in cases of endocardiosis in auricular endothelial cells, in subendothelial so-called reactive cells (smooth muscle cells, macrophages, fibroblasts) and in fibroblasts of proliferation areas of the valve. The significance of an increased catabolic and anabolic metabolism in the pathogenesis of canine endocardiosis and the possible relationship to arteriosclerosis are discussed.
A Note on Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Bodies in the Liver of a Rabbit
Authors: Koller L. D.
Published: March 2010

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies observed in the liver of a rabbit were round to oval with a clear halo and measured from 4 to 10 μm in diameter. They were nonglycogenic (PAS-positive after diastase treatment) and stained with burnt Sudan black, indicating bound lipid. The inclusion bodies, when examined by electron microscopy, were composed of a uniform amorphous material. They varied in size and density. It is suggested that the bodies were enlarged lysosomes and were nonviral.
Lesions Produced by Feline Picornaviruses of Different Virulence in Pathogen-Free Cats
Authors: Hoover E. A. , Kahn D. E.
Published: March 2010

Sixteen pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to either of two feline picornavirus isolates. The isolates used were picornavirus-255 and kidney-cell-degenerating virus. These viruses were selected to represent picornavirus prototypes of high and low virulence, respectively. Picornavirus-255 consistently produced depression, anorexia, and pneumonia. There were no lesions in the upper respiratory tract or conjunctiva, nor were there clinical signs of upper respiratory disease. The pulmonary lesions began as multifocal exudative pneumonia that progressed rapidly to interstitial pneumonia characterized by marked adenomatoid proliferation of pneumocytes. Three weeks after exposure the pulmonary lesions were principally resolved. It also produced discrete lingual and palatine ulcers that were easily detected. Experimental infection with kidney-cell-degenerating virus resulted only in transient fever and tiny vesicles and ulcerations of the lingual and tonsillar mucosae that could easily escape detection. No significant respiratory lesions were induced by kidney cell degenerating virus.
Naturally Occurring Gastric Amebiasis in the Wallaroo
Authors: Roberts E. D. , Williams J. C. , Pirie G.
Published: March 2010

Gastric amebiasis occurred naturally in two wallaroos in the Baton Rouge Zoo. Infection by an Entamoeba sp. parasite was confined to the forestomach and was characterized by hemorrhage and necrosis of the mucosa; parasitic invasion of the lamina propria, submucosa, and muscularis; and extensive gastric edema. Typical amebic cysts were found in the feces of the animal that died and of those in contact. Gastric amebiasis has not previously been reported in marsupials.
The Comparative Pathogenesis of Some Enteric Diseases. Based on Cases Presented at the 22nd Annual Seminar of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Authors: Kent T. H. , Moon H. W.
Published: March 2010

Basic reactions of the intestinal tract to injury are discussed using cases presented at the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Seminar on Intestinal Pathology. Reports of the individual cases are cited in the text. Material reported during discussions is presented to preserve something of the tenor of the Seminar. First, the morphogenesis of the lesions in each case will be discussed, followed by the resultant functional changes related to clinical signs, and comparisons to other similar diseases.
Familial Acantholysis of Angus Calves
Authors: Jolly R. D. , Alley M. R. , O'Hara P. J.
Published: March 2010

A disease in Angus calves was characterised by shedding of the epidermis with ulceration and inflammation of the oral mucosa and the skin of carpus, metacarpal-phalangeal joints, phalanges, coronary border, and with partial separation of the hooves. The pathogenesis of these lesions involves a breakdown of intercellular adhesions associated with anomalous development of the desmosome-tonofilament complexes in the basal and prickle cells of the epidermis. The breeding and clinical history suggested a genetic cause. The disease was called ‘familial acantholysis of Angus calves’.
Enteric Escherichia coli Infections. Morphological Findings in the Intestinal Mucosa of Healthy and Diseased Piglets
Authors: Hornich M. , Salajka E. , Ulmann L. , Šarmanová Z. , Sedláček M.
Published: March 2010

The villi of the small intestine of healthy conventional pigs were finger-shaped or leaf-shaped. In animals with an acute diarrhoeal form of Escherichia coli infection there was a change in the ratio of villous length to crypt depth but not in the villous shape. In animals with the diarrhoeal E. coli infection of longer duration a remoulding of the villi to a ridge shape occurred at about 20 days of age, but the surface of the mucosa was never flat. At this age the average ratio of villous length to crypt depth for the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, was 4.0, 5.0 and 4.1 in healthy piglets and 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8 in animals with the diarrhoeal form of E. coli infection.
Carcinoma of the Reticulum of a Sheep
Authors: Georgsson G.
Published: March 2010

A squamous cell carcinoma was found in the reticulum of a sheep slaughtered at an abattoir. This is the first report of such a tumour in this organ.
Spinal Ataxia in Zebras. Comparison with the Wobbler Syndrome of Horses
Authors: Montali R. J. , Bush M. , Sauer R. M. , Gray C. W. , Xanten W. A.
Published: March 2010

Eight of 17 zebra foals (Equus burchelli) born at the National Zoological Park, Washington, D. C., developed an ataxic condition that clinically resembled the wobbler syndrome of horses. Four were males and four were females. All were the progeny of one stallion and two mares. The parent animals were not ataxic. In three of the affected foals raised at the zoo, signs progressed to severe ataxia, and the animals were killed. In contrast to the findings in wobbler horses there was no radiographic or pathologic evidence of narrowing of the vertebral canals, nor were malacic foci found in the cords to suggest that focal compression had occurred. There was degeneration of ascending and descending tracts in the same segments throughout the spinal cords. There were no lesions in two brains studied nor were other possible causes for the spinal cord degeneration evident. These findings and the high incidence of ataxia in this herd suggest a familial degenerative myelopathy.
A Toxic Cardiomyopathy Caused by Cassia occidentalis. I. Morphologic Studies in Poisoned Rabbits
Authors: O'Hara P. J. , Pierce K. R.
Published: March 2010

The ground endosperm of the seeds of Cassia occidentalis (coffee senna) administered to rabbits, orally, 0.25-3.0% body weight, produced a fatal cardiomyopathy characterized by mitochondrial degeneration, lipid accumulation, myofibrillar degeneration, myocytolysis and relatively minor reparative changes. Mitochondrial damage is probably the primary morphologic lesion and results from the specific action of the toxic principle(s) of coffee senna. The other changes reflect the disordered metabolism caused by the altered function of the damaged mitochondria. The microscopic lesions in the hearts of poisoned rabbits resembled those in cattle poisoned with coffee senna and thus the rabbit is considered a useful model for the study of the intoxication. The microscopic appearances of coffee senna poisoning in rabbits and cobalt toxicity in the rat are similar.
Aortic Body Tumor in a Duck
Authors: Sah R. L. , Acharjyo L. N. , Mohanty G. C.
Published: March 2010

A chemodectoma of the aortic body was found at the base of heart of a Brahminy duck (Tadorna ferruginea). It incorporated aorta and pulmonary artery at their emergence, part of vagus nerve, sympathetic ganglion, and thyroid gland. The tumor cells had infiltrated the local lymphatics only.
Crystalloid Inclusions in Hepatocyte Mitochondria of Dogs Treated with Levamisole
Authors: Simpson C. F. , Bradley R. E. , Jackson R. F.
Published: March 2010

Intramitochondrial crystalloid inclusions were seen in about 10% of the hepatic cells of four dogs treated with levamisole. Three degrees of severity of mitochondrial alteration occurred. Mild changes consisted of condensation of mitochondrial matrix into electron-opaque clumps. The intermediate stage was manifested as well-developed crystalloid inclusions composed of bundles of parallel fibers. Such fibers might be tubular structures. Severe alteration was characterized by a markedly elongated crystalloid inclusion that caused the involved mitochondrion to be greatly enlarged.
Ultrastructural Observations of Chronic Progressive Nephrosis in the Sprague-Dawley Rat
Authors: Gray J. E. , Weaver R. N. , Purmalis A.
Published: March 2010

The kidneys of 43 male Sprague-Dawley rats, mostly 12-18 months old, were examined by electron microscopy. Paraffin sections stained with the allochrome procedure and thick epoxy sections stained with toluidine blue were used to select sites of nephrotic changes. Protein levels in urine were monitored periodically. The basement membranes of affected nephrons showed a two- to threefold thickening in the capillary loops and Bowman's capsule. Epithelial cells in the glomeruli underwent compensatory changes of hypertrophy, fusion of foot processes and occasionally microvillar transformation. Dense granular material as well as protein absorption droplets formed in the epithelial cells. Epithelial cells of proximal convolutions atrophied and disappeared as the basement membrane thickened to several micrometers. An increase of dense bodies, granular material, and focal cytoplasmic degradation was observed in these cells. The ongoing irreversible deterioration of scattered nephrons suggested the designation of chronic progressive nephrosis for this common disease of Sprague-Dawley rats over 1 year old.