bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS FASILITASI PENYEDIAAN PUPUK BERSUBSIDI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR UNTUK USAHATANI PADI SAWAH
Authors: Hardi Dionisius Jusember , Sutiknjo Tutut Dwi , Sidhi Eko Yuliarsha
Published: February 2024

Provision of food as a basic need for Indonesian citizens is a strategic role of the agricultural sector. The government continues to encourage increased farming activities by facilitating the provision of subsidized fertilizers for farmers. This activityis intended as an incentive for farmers to increase productivity. In practice, facilitating the provision of subsidized fertilizers is not always effective. The research was focused on rice production centers in East Manggarai Regency, precisely in LambahLeda Utara District, namely Satar Padut Village. Primary data was obtained from interviews with 24 farmers, 2 agricultural shop owners who were distributors, and employees of the local Food Crops Agriculture Office. This research employeddescriptive qualitative in presenting the results. The effectiveness of facilitating the provision of subsidized fertilizers in Satar Padut Villagewas measured by four indicators, which consistedof price accuracy, quantity, time of availability, and type of fertilizer. The research results showedthat the four indicatorswere not yet effective.The price of fertilizer sold to farmers above the highest retail price, besides,therewas still a shortage of fertilizer, and the type of fertilizer distributedwas not in accordance with government recommendations and the allocation of subsidized fertilizerwas not timely.Penyediaan pangan sebagai kebutuhan pokok warga Indonesia merupakan peran strategis sektor pertanian. Pemerintah terus mendorong peningkatan kegiatan usaha tani melalui fasilitasi penyediaan pupuk bersubsidi bagi para petani. Kegiatan ini ditujukan sebagai insentif bagi petani dalam peningkatan produktivitas. Dalam prakteknya, fasilitasi penyediaan pupuk bersubsidi tidaklah selalu efektif. Penelitian difokuskan di sentra produksi padi Kabupaten Manggarai Timur, tepatnya di Kecamatan Lambah Leda Utara, yaitu Desa Satar Padut. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara kepada 24 petani, 2 pemilik toko pertanian yang merupakan distributor, dan pegawai Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan setempat. Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dalam memaparkan hasil. Efektivitas fasilitasi penyediaan pupuk bersubsidi di Desa Satar Padut yang diukur dari empat indikator, yang terdiri atas ketepatan harga, kuantitas, waktu ketersediaan, dan jenis pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keempat indikator tersebut belum efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari harga pupuk yang dijual kepada para petani di atas harga eceran tertinggi, selain itu masih terjadi kelangkaan pupuk, dan jenis pupuk yang didistribusikan tidak sesuai dengan anjuran pemerintah serta pengalokasian pupuk bersubsidi tidak tepat waktu.
Improved Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection on Students Discontinuation to Secondary School
Authors: Al Anshory Fadhil , Siswanto Siswanto , Thamrin Sri Astuti , Inayah Ika
Published: February 2024

Improved Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) with bias correction is the developmentof the CHAID method by relying on Tschuprow’s T test calculations with bias correction in the processof forming a classification tree. This study aims to obtain a classification of factors which influencestudents for not continuing their education from junior high school or equivalent to high school orequivalent. The results obtained in the classification tree produce nine classifications. Based on theresults of the classification tree, the classification of students who do not continue their education tohigh school or equivalent is: students with disabilities who do not have access to Information andCommunication Technology (ICTs) (0.89); students who work without disability but do not have accessto ICTs (0.73); and students who do not work without disability but do not have access to in ICTs(0.60). Based on the classification obtained the factors which influence students for not continuingtheir education to high school or equivalent are access to ICTs, employment status, and persons withdisabilities. The classification accuracy of the results uses the Improved-CHAID method with biascorrection with a proportion of 80% training data and 20% testing data, namely 72.3033% on trainingdata and an increase of 73.3300% on testing data.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПЕРЕХОДА ОТ НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ К ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫМ МЕХАНИЗМАМ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ МЕТАНА И ВОДОРОДА НА ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ИХ ГАЗОВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, АРУТЮНОВ В.С. ,   Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова,   Федеральный исследовательский центр проблем химической физики и медицинской химии Российской академии наук, АРУТЮНОВ А.В. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, БЕЛЯЕВ А.А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, СТРЕКОВА Л.Н. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, ТРОШИН К.Я. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук
Published: February 2024

Рассмотрены особенности воспламенения метана, водорода и содержащих их газовых смесей в области температур 800 • . Показана возможность резкого изменения кинетических параметров процесса воспламенения в этом диапазоне и проявления таких необычных эффектов, как ингибирование воспламенения метана добавками водорода и промотирование воспламенения водорода добавками оксида углерода. Возможность резкого изменения основных параметров, характеризующих воспламенение содержащих метан и водород газовых смесей, требует учета при анализе безопасности их использования и определения детонационных характеристик газомоторных топлив.
ТЕРМОМЕХАНИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ПЕЧАТНЫХ ПЛАТ ИМПУЛЬСНО-ДЕТОНАЦИОННЫМИ ВОЛНАМИДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ФРАКЦИЙ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, ФРОЛОВ С.М. , СМЕТАНЮК В.А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, СИЛАНТЬЕВ А.С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, САДЫКОВ И.А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, ФРОЛОВ Ф.С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, ХАСЯК Я.К. ,   ИНЭОС Российской академии наук, ШИРЯЕВ А.А. ,   АО Южно-Уральский Специализированный центр утилизации, СИТНИКОВ В.Е. ,   АО Южно-Уральский Специализированный центр утилизации
Published: February 2024

Демонстрируется новый метод переработки отходов печатных плат (ОПП), который называется высокотемпературной термомеханической газификацией (ВТМГ) ОПП с помощью газифицирующего агента (ГА) в виде смеси H2O и CO2, нагретой до температуры выше 2000 ◦C. Газифицирующий агент производится в импульсно-детонационной пушке (ИДП), работающей на смеси метана с кислородом, по составу близкой к стехиометрической. Импульсно-детонационная пушка работает в импульсном режиме, создавая импульсные сверхзвуковые струи ГА и импульсные ударные волны (УВ), обладающие огромной разрушительной силой. При присоединении ИДП к компактному проточному реактору, заполненному порцией ОПП, отходы подвергаются интенсивному термомеханическому воздействию как сильных УВ, так и высокотемпературных сверхзвуковых струй ГА в мощных вихревых структурах, образующихся в проточном реакторе. Ударные волны дробят ОПП на мелкие частицы, которые подвергаются многократному вовлечению в высокотемпературные вихревые структуры ГА и газифицируются. Демонстрационные эксперименты показывают полную (более 98%) газификацию органической составляющей ОПП при времени работы установки с порцией ОПП массой 1 кг, меньшем 240 с. Газообразные продукты газификации ОПП в основном состоят из CO2 , CO, H2, N2 и CH4, причем доля горючих газов достигает 45 %(об.). Твердые остатки состоят из металлических включений разных размеров и тонкодисперсного зольного порошка и содержат Sn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, In, Cd, Zn, Ca, Si, Al, Ti, Ni и Cl. Среди этих веществ в максимальных количествах обнаруживаются Sn (10%-20%), Pb (5%-10%) и Cu (до 1,5%). В порошках, представленных на анализ, благородные металлы Ag, Au и Pt не обнаружены. Частицы зольного порошка имеют размеры менее 300-400 мкм, включая большую фракцию частиц размером менее 100 мкм. Часть твердых остатков газификации (около 20% ОПП) уносится из проточного реактора с отходящими газами и частично (около 10% ОПП) улавливается системой очистки отходящих газов. Степень газификации выносимого с газами твердого остатка составляет от 76% до 91%, т. е. выносимый твердый остаток газифицируется лишь частично. Эту проблему планируется устранить в дальнейшей работе.
ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗЛОЖЕНИЕ И ГОРЕНИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ ПЕЛЛЕТИРОВАННЫХ ТОПЛИВ
Authors:   Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, ВЕРШИНИНА К.Ю. , ДОРОХОВ В.В. ,   Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, НЯШИНА Г.С. ,   Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, РОМАНОВ Д.С. ,   Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, СКОРЮПИН В.В. ,   Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, ШВЕДОВ Д.К. ,   Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет
Published: February 2024

Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований характеристик термического разложения и горения в высокотемпературной среде композиционных топливных пеллет на основе отходов. Эксперименты проводились на экспериментальном стенде, включающем муфельную печь и высокоскоростную видеокамеру Phantom Miro C110. Характеристики термического разложения определялись при помощи термогравиметрического (ТГ) анализатора METTLER-TOLEDO TGA/DSC 3+. Основные регистрируемые характеристики процесса: времена задержки газофазного и гетерогенного зажигания и продолжительности горения. Установлено, что наибольшие различия в характеристиках зажигания и горения пеллет с добавками картона и угольного шлама наблюдаются при малых (менее 800 ◦С) температурах окислительной среды в камере сгорания. Наименьшими задержками газофазного зажигания характеризуются пеллеты «100% опилки» (7,58-2,15 с при температуре окислительной среды 700-900 ◦С), а наибольшими - «85% опилки, 15% картон» (15,43 с при температуре окислительной среды 700 ◦С) и «85% опилки, 15% угольный шлам» (7,85 с при температуре окислительной среды 900 ◦С).
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СУБЛИМАЦИИ ПЕНТАЭРИТРИТА ТЕТРАНИТРАТА С ПОМОЩЬЮ АТОМНО-СИЛОВОЙМИКРОСКОПИИ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, КОСАРЕВА Е.К. , ГАЙНУТДИНОВ Р.В. ,   Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр «Кристаллография и фотоника» Российской академии наук, НИКОЛЬСКАЯ А.Б. ,   Институт биохимической физики им. Н. М. Эмануэля Российской академии наук, ПИВКИНА А.Н. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, МУРАВЬЕВ Н.В. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН
Published: February 2024

Сублимация энергетических материалов имеет ключевое значение для их применения и детектирования. Исследование сублимации с помощью атомно-силовой микроскопии (АСМ) позволяет отслеживать изменения объема отдельных микрочастиц и таким образом анализировать соединения, не подходящие для классических методов исследования. Тем не менее результаты АСМ-исследования в значительной степени могут зависеть от морфологии образца и условий эксперимента. Данная работа посвящена определению влияния морфологической структуры образца, материала подложки и механического воздействия АСМ-зондом на наблюдаемые при нагреве морфологические изменения частиц пентаэритрита тетранитрата (ТЭН) на различных подложках с целью установления условий проведения корректной оценки энтальпии сублимации с помощью АСМ. Установлено, что одновременно с сублимацией на некоторых образцах может протекать перекристаллизация ТЭН, доминирующая до 55 ◦C и искажающая результаты измерений, индикатором которой служит повышение объема частиц в интервале45-60 ◦C. Показано, что в отсутствие перекристаллизации результаты АСМ позволяют корректно оценить энтальпию сублимации вещества, если средняя высота исследуемых частиц превышает 280 ± 30 нм. В целом, метод АСМ позволяет проводить исследования с использованием очень малой массы вещества(менее 10 мкг) при сравнительно низкой температуре, что открывает возможность исследовать высокочувствительные соединения или низколетучие термостабильные материалы, а также анализировать новые соединения с неизвестными свойствами, синтезированные в малом количестве.
МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В УДАРНЫХ ВОЛНАХ С РАЗНЫМИПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ВРЕМЕННЫМИ МАСШТАБАМИ ФАЗ СЖАТИЯ
Authors:   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ, ГУБИН С.А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова, МАКЛАШОВА И.В. ,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ, БОГДАНОВА Ю.А. ,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ
Published: February 2024

На основе анализа многочисленных публикаций в научной литературе проведено сравнение экспериментальных и рассчитанных методом молекулярной динамики значений критических параметров ударных волн (УВ) для начала химического разложения жидких органических веществ с различными пространственными и временными масштабами фаз сжатия: миллиметры и микросекунды - обычные УВ; нанометры и пико- и наносекунды - ультракороткие УВ, создаваемые плазменными разрядами лазеров. Показано согласие результатов молекулярно-динамического (МД) моделирования с измеренными значениями критических параметров ультракоротких УВ, генерируемых разрядами лазеров. При этом экспериментальные значения критических параметров обычных УВ, создаваемых традиционными методами взрыва или взрывного метания, оказываются ниже предсказанных МД моделированием. Предложены объяснения для полученных в экспериментах и расчетах различающихся значений критических параметров УВ с разными временными и пространственными масштабами.
English language policy in Algeria: Perspectives of university teachers and students
Authors:   English Language Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Suhar, Oman, Maraf Baya
Published: February 2024

This study explores the implications of the current foreign language policy in Algeria by holding evidence from the Algerian government practices and the Algerians’ beliefs and views. The study also responds to the call of Maraf and Osam (2022a) to study neoliberalism as a possible outcome of the English wave in Algeria and considers further implications of linguistic imperialism as an additional outcome. To do so, the study follows a concurrent mixed methods research design that relies on the contribution of 200 Algerian university students who participated in a questionnaire (amongst 20 who participated in semi-structured interviews) who are affiliated with sixty-four Algerian universities, and 20 university teachers through semi-structured interviews. The study concludes that English is a tool leading to neoliberalism in Algeria and that English poses a threat of unnoticed linguistic imperialism that is already visible in the practices of certain youth groups. These conclusions are a roadmap for future problems similar to shadow education and language shift.
ТИПІЗАЦІЯ ГЕОЛОГІЧНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ЗАБУДОВИ ЛЬВОВА – ОСНОВА ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ СТІЙКОСТІ ПАМ’ЯТОК АРХІТЕКТУРИ
Authors: Волошин Петро , Кремінь Надія
Published: February 2024

У статті охарактеризовано інженерно-геологічні умови, здійснено інженерно-геологічну типізацію центральної частини міста Львова. Центральна частина міста Львова – це музей архітектури під відкритим небом, що входить до переліку об’єктів усесвітньої спадщини ЮНЕСКО. Проте понад 70% розташованих тут будівель і споруд, що мають історичну цінність, характеризуються різним ступенем ушкодження, а окремі з них зазнали повного руйнування. Геологічне середовище є основою підвалин архітектурних пам’яток. Зміна стану й властивостей геологічного середовища в часі під впливом природних і техногенних чинників призводить до деформації будівель і часто повного їх руйнування. У сфері впливу історико-архітектурних пам’яток залягає строкатий за літологічним складом і властивостями комплекс ґрунтів, який містить техногенні відклади (культурний шар), відклади четвертинної системи, неогену та верхньої крейди. Ґрунтовий масив, що є підґрунтям фундаментів, складається з порід високої, середньої й низької несучої здатності. Високою несучою здатністю характеризуються мергелі, мергелисті глини, неогенові, четвертинні делювіальні та алювіальні піски. Середню несучу здатність мають заплавні суглинки й делювіальні супіски. До порід із низькою несучою здатністю зараховано «слабкі» алювіально-болотні заторфовані ґрунти, торфи й техногенні накопичення. Класифікаційними ознаками під час інженерно-геологічної типізації центру Львова є рельєф, будова геологічного розрізу, потужність техногенних і заторфованих ґрунтів, літологічний склад порід, гідрогеологічні умови, сучасні морфодинамічні процеси. Досліджувана територія в структурі геологічного середовища міста Львова розглядається як інженерно-геологічний район Полтвинської улоговини. У її межах виділено два підрайони: днище улоговини та схили. За будовою геологічного розрізу в межах кожного підрайону виділено ділянки дво-, три-, чотири-, п’яти- й багатошарової будови.
The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Working Capital And Market Orientation on The Performance of SMEs
Authors: Ardani Wayan , Sunarsi Denok
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, working capital, and market orientation on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bali. The type of this research was quantitative method. The size of respondents were 280 SMEs, selected by accidental sampling or the sample was chosen by chance at the location and was considered suitable as a data source. In the questionnaire, there were five choices of scores for each statement that could be chosen according to the actual situation felt by the respondent. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling analysis with the SmartPLS 4.0 software data processing tool. This study revealed that the entrepreneurial orientation, working capital, and market orientation had a positive and significant effect on the performance of SMEs. Finally, this model helps to determine how entrepreneurial orientation, working capital, and market orientation affect business performances of SMEs
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Alam dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Naturalis Anak Kelompok B KB Al Sabilillah Neglasari
Authors: Fitria Nurul , Rachmi Titi , Suandari Anggun
Published: February 2024

Pendidikan anak usia dini adalah suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani serta rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendididikan lebih lanjut. Pengembangan kecerdasan manusia hendaknya dilakukan sejak anak usia dini. Pada anak usia sekitar 5 tahun merupakan masa keemasan (golden age) yang perkembangan kecerdasannya mencapai 50% kapasitas kecerdasan orang dewasa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa Kelompok B KB Al Sabilillah berjumlah 16 siswa. Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan pembelajaran berbasis alam terhadap kecerdasan naturalis itu sangat kompeten dan baik terlebih sekolah KB Al Sabilillah selalu memfasilitasi dan membimbing untuk memunculkan kecerdasan naturalis anak dengan planing pembelajaran yang sekolah tersebut buat secara teliti. Dengan pembelajaran menyenangkan tetap mengenal baca, tulis dan hitung dengan cara yang menyenangkan tanpa disadari anak tersebut sedang belajar itu. Gambaran yang berpengaruh pada pembelajaran yang berbasis alam ini menunjukkan anak yang memiliki kecerdasan naturalis sangatlah banyak karena keberhasilan kerja sama guru dan sekolah serta orangtua dalam tetap mendukung pembelajaran yang dilakukan di sekolah dan dilingkungan rumah.
School Discipline, Police Contact, and GPA: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Gottlieb Aaron , Mirakhur Zitsi , Schindeler Bianca
Published: February 2024

Exclusionary school discipline is one of the primary ways that schools address student behavior. Existing scholarship has focused on examining the implications of exclusionary school discipline for two sets of outcomes: academic achievement and future juvenile and criminal legal involvement. However, these two areas of scholarship are largely treated as separate. In this paper, we bridge these two research areas by drawing on scholarship examining the negative educational consequences of police contact for youth. Specifically, we formally test the proposition that the association between school suspension in childhood and adolescent academic achievement is mediated by police contact experienced in early adolescence. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we find support for this hypothesis: Early adolescent police contact explains approximately 30% of the association between school suspension in childhood and adolescent GPA. By relying on exclusionary school discipline, our results suggest that schools are setting the stage for youth to become involved in the criminal legal system, which, in turn, hinders future academic achievement.
KONSEP ADAB MENURUT SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS
Authors: Jali Ahmad Nur , W Undang Ruslan
Published: February 2024

Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas adalah salah satu pemikir besar dalam sejarah Muslim, pemikir Muslim Kontemporer terkemuka pada dunia internasional, dan banyak sekali memberikan perhatian terhadap masalah yang dihadapi kaum Muslimin di dunia modern, Terutama masalah pendidikan dan adab. Pendapat dan usahanya dalam memperbaiki pendidikan dan adab sangatlah luar biasa. Permasalahan yang dipaparkan tentang pendidikan diungkapkan dengan argumentasi yang hebat. Itulah alasan peneliti mau mendalami dan mengkaji tema tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis yang digunakan adalah content analysis dan deskriptif analysis. Hasil pembahasan yang diungkap tentang konsep adab, konsep ini bisa dipahami dan diaplikasikan di setiap tempat dn waktu. Ada enam konsep adab, yaitu; Pertama, mensosialisasikan tujuan pendidikan sebagai proses menanamkan adab yang diawali dengan tazkiyatun nafs. Kedua, menyusun kurikulum pendidikan secara hierarki dengan Klasifikasi ilmu-ilmu fardhu ‘ain dan ilmu fardhu kifayah. Ketiga, membuat program dan metode berdasarkan prinsip al-taadub tsumma al-ta’allum melalui kajian, pembiasaan, keteladanan dan kedislipinan. Keempat, mengoptimalkan peran dosen sebagai muaddib yang peduli dan menjadi teladan. Kelima, meurumuskan sisitem evaluasi pendidikan berdasarkan adab dan ilmu. Keenam, menyiapkan sarana dan prasarana pendukung yang berkualitas. Implikasi penelitian ini diantaranya adalah 1) pembentukan karakter dan etika Pendidikan, 2) relevansi Pendidikan Islam, 3) pemahaman yang mendalam tentang keagamaan Islam, 4) pengembangan literatur dan penelitian, 5) reformasi Pendidikan, 6) terciptanya dialog antar budaya.
Forecasting GDP Dynamics Based on the Bank of Russia’s Enterprise Monitoring Data
Authors:   Rostov Regional Division of the Southern Main Branch of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Arzhenovskiy S. V.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to modeling and forecasting of the gross domestic product of Russia based on the data of enterprise survey conducted by the Bank of Russia. The purpose was to study the possibility of improving the efficiency and accuracy of GDP forecasting based on the use of these data. The authors used business climate indicators as well as balances of responses to questions about dynamics of output, demand, and prices. The methodology included regression analysis, as well as a combination of factor and regression analysis, both on aggregate data on all economic sectors and on data on individual economic branches. The forecasting results for two control samples containing actual observations for the eight quarters of 2017–2018 and the five quarters of 2022–2023 suggested that the use of monitoring data improved forecasting accuracy compared to the ARIMA benchmark model. The lowest estimation errors were obtained for approaches combining factor and regression analysis on aggregate data for all economic sectors or the economy as a whole.
Scenario Assessment of Macroeconomic Effects of Progressive Taxation in Russia
Authors:   RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation, Martyanova E. V. , Polbin A. V. ,   RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of alternative options of progressive taxation on Russia’s macroeconomic performance. For quantitative assessments, a neoclassical general equilibrium model with heterogeneous households subject to idiosyncratic income shocks was used. Three groups of scenarios were analyzed, setting a threshold progressive tax scale with thresholds of 30, 50, and 70 thousand rubles, under which state income tax revenues (1) grow, (2) remain unchanged, and (3) decline. The maximum personal income tax rate in the analyzed scenarios was 25%. Steady states and transitions were calculated for the scenarios. According to the quantitative estimates, the first reform leads to a loss of 0.3% to 1.3% of GDP in the long run, depending on the assumed rates and threshold. Despite the increase in lump-sum transfers, aggregate household consumption decreases by 0.5–1.7% in all cases. The second reform leads to a loss of 0.2% to 0.6% of GDP in the long run. The third reform leads to insignificant fluctuations of GDP within 0.1%: GDP increases at the threshold of 30 thousand rubles and decreases at other thresholds. The scale of inequality reduction, as measured by the Gini coefficient, increases with an increase in the top tax rate. However, as the threshold increases, the depth of the Gini index reduction first increases and then decreases. In the short run, there is upward pressure on wages and prices. This is because a decrease in labor supply with unchanged capital in the short run leads to an increase in wage rates (a shift along the labor demand curve), and an increase in wage rates means an increase in marginal costs for firms, leading to higher prices.
Sustainable Investments and Divestments by Global Institutional Investors
Authors:   MGIMO University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khmyz O. V.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the investment activity of sustainable institutional investors after the global financial and economic crisis of 2008. The relevance of the study is conditioned, firstly, by the leading positions of institutional investors in the global financial market and in the system of international finance; secondly, by the special role of mutual funds and ETFs in the global market of sustainable finance; thirdly, by the noticeable dynamics of investments by these market participants in recent years, which increasingly turns into divestments. The purpose of the study is to identify current trends in sustainable investment by global institutional investors and formulate their further actions in the short term. To do this, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to clarify, taking into account the latest statistical data, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other force majeure factors on the size and dynamics of the flow of funds of sustainable institutional investors in the leading countries of the world, and to assess the impact on investment prospects of current political and financial factors. In the course of the study, a significant amount of scientific research was analyzed, which served as a basis for identifying the institutional investors’ approaches to sustainable finance. It is concluded that the prospects for global sustainable investing are favorable due to the continued stimulation of environmental change at the supranational level, both in developed and leading developing countries. The financial success of sustainable investment will also contribute to this.
“Man is Soul, Body, and Narrator”: Olga Tokarczuk’s Narrative Strategy
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Adel'geim Irina
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the prose of Olga Tokarczuk, one of the greatest Polish writers of the turn of the twenty-first century. The most important constant of Tokarczuk’s worldview is the category of corporeality/materiality. The logic of corporeality/materiality on different levels determines the organization of texts, generates connections across motives and a common semantic field. The narrative of corporeality/materiality, leveraged by means of the writer’s frequent use of empathetic narrative, acts as a special construct by means of which Tokarczuk explores the reality of the surrounding world, but also communicates with it (through the potential recipient of the text). The article analyses the specificity of Tokarczuk’s visualisation of body practices in her prose (representations of the body, interaction of bodies, interaction of the body with the environment) and significant elements of the narrative structure directly connected with corporeality/materiality: the system of characters, the specificity of comparisons, basic ideas, the role of boundaries as an aesthetic and ethical category, as well as an artistic tool, and the moral purpose of the narrative.
The Sokol Movement, the Sokol Culture, and Gender Relations in Bohemia and Moravia from the 1860s to the early 1870s
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kotov Viktor
Published: February 2024

Socially constructed gender relations are explored by the example of the Sokol (Czech for “falcon”) movement and the Sokol culture in Bohemia and Moravia in the 1860s and at the beginning of the 1870s. The Sokol clubs combined Czech nationalism with gymnastics. The study is based on the analysis of newspapers and other primary sources. The majority of Czech nationalists followed the pre-modern gender discourse, which implied the subordination of women. This discourse included the idea of male virtues that influenced the image of Sokol as the embodiment of Czech national masculinity. The Czech nationalist image of Germans, as well as the German nationalist image of Czechs, was associated with the others’ lack of masculinity. Another important component of the Sokol identity was the sense of beauty. Although nineteenth-century society had acknowledged the existence of only two genders and had denied the possibility of gender transition, there were some cases of crossing traditional gender boundaries. The role of women in Sokol events reflected gender inequality and gender stereotypes. As a political religion, nationalism assigned political meaning to the romantic relationships between men and women. The positive approach of Czech nationalists to the women’s movement was to a great extent caused by the mother’s role in the formation of the child’s identity. Sokols cooperated with the Prague American Ladies’ Club and supported the Gymnastic Club of the Ladies and Girls of Prague (1869). This club sought to avoid public attention, didn’t use the masculine elements of Sokol culture and promoted gymnastics as a part of female education. In the late 1860s the club was the only one of its kind in Central Europe. Limited dissemination of the modern gender discourse and its interrelation with the premodern one corresponded with the intermediate phase of modernization processes and their non-linear nature.
Complex Adaptive Interventions: The Challenge Ahead for Instructed Second Language Acquisition Research
Authors: Hiver Phil V. , Nagle Charlie
Published: February 2024

The effects of deliberately and selectively manipulating instructional conditions are at the heart of instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) research and, ideally, are designed to inform practice. Knowing how an intervention works, by what mechanisms and processes the treatment is beneficial—and for whom—are complex questions. In this piece, we problematize intervention-based research paradigms that do not account for context, individuals and their proactivity, or temporal variation. We highlight several key challenges that remain for ISLA research and propose a more reflexive approach to intervention that attends to these central considerations in implementing study designs.
Philosophical Research in Brazil: A Structural Topic Modeling Approach with a focus on Temporal and Gender Trends
Authors: Fanton Marcos , Mota Hugo Ribeiro , de Melo Bomfim Araújo Carolina , da Silva Mitieli Seixas , Canuto Raquel
Published: February 2024

This paper employs structural topic modeling (STM), a text-mining technique, to describe the academic philosophy landscape in Brazil. Based on a public national database, a corpus consisting of 12,515 abstracts of monographs (theses and dissertations) defended in Philosophy Graduate Programs between 1991 and 2021 was compiled. The final STM model identified 74 meaningful research topics, clustered into 7 thematic categories. This study discusses the prevalence of the most significant topics and categories, their trends across three decades and their (positive or negative) association with the supervisor’s gender. Results show the first empirical evidence that Brazilian philosophical research exhibits a greater focus on philosophers and their works, rather than on specific themes or problems, aligning with common sociological perceptions within the academic community. Moreover, by visualizing the variations in topic prevalence over time, it was possible to track the rise or decline of the major interest categories and topics. Finally, results also show how topics related to male philosophers garner greater attention throughout the corpus and which topics are more or less influenced by gender.
Truth Evaluators: A different point of view on the lying/misleading distinction
Authors: Orr Shirly
Published: February 2024

The current study examines interlocutors’ disposition when they are asked to truth evaluate a literally true statement that indirectly, yet intentionally, conveys a believed-false claim—a well-known paradigm for examining the lying/misleading distinction—using the epistemic modals “possible” and “possibly”. The goal of this study is to offer a different point of view on the lying/misleading distinction by: (i) addressing the empirical methods used to gauge the distinction, and (ii) focusing on the oft-overlooked role of the truth evaluators in shaping this distinction. On the basis of the findings, I show that truth evaluating lies and misleading claims results in two distinct behavioral patterns. These patterns, I posit, provide valuable insights into the distinction between lies and misleading claims by highlighting the different states of mind of those tasked with their truth evaluation.
Handling Problematic Between-person Estimates in Panel Network Models: A Comparative Simulation Study
Authors: Freichel René , Epskamp Sacha
Published: February 2024

A recurring challenge in the estimation of the graphical Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model from panel data lies in the between-person network structure that sometimes contains unrealistic estimates (i.e., saturated edge weights of -1 or 1) or results in entirely empty networks. Different solutions have been proposed to overcome this challenge through 1) the use of a saturated Gaussian Graphical Model (GGMs) that can be estimated with Cholesky decomposition for modeling between-person covariances, 2) the standard use of thresholded GGMs for between-person covariances, or 3) using empty GGMs that only model between-person variances in a diagonal matrix approach. We use a simulation approach to evaluate the performance of these three approaches across different conditions, including varying sample sizes and varying number of assessment waves. Our simulation study reproduced the problematic between-person estimates and showed that saturated GGM estimation (with Cholesky decomposition) yields credible contemporaneous and temporal estimates, corroborating its use in prior empirical research. Not modeling between-person covariances entirely resulted in low specificity. This study highlights the importance of data volume, showing that larger sample sizes or increased assessment waves significantly improve model performance. These insights may inform study design and data collection strategies and provide guidelines for selecting estimation methods.
Evidence for the dependence of visual and kinesthetic motor imagery on isolated visual and motor practice
Authors: Peters Carrie , Scott Matthew , Jin Ryan , Ma Minghao , Kraeutner Sarah N , Hodges Nicola Jane
Published: February 2024

Motor imagery (MI) is a cognitive process believed to rely on the representation developed through task-specific experience. Despite ideas about the equivalence between MI and execution, the relationship between visual-motor experiences and MI ability is unclear. Here we evaluated how distinct experiences (i.e., no-vision physical and observational practice) impact visual and kinesthetic MI ability. Participants (N = 66) were randomized into three groups; no-vision physical practice, observational practice and no-practice control. Participants practiced and then visually and kinesthetically imagined two hand gesture sequences. Mental chronometry, a movement time (MT) congruency measure, and MI quality ratings were used to assess MI. As predicted, physical practice produced higher ratings for kinesthetic MI and observational practice elicited higher ratings for visual MI. However, physical practice did not result in greater temporal congruency between imagined/executed MTs in comparison to other groups. We conclude that MI is only partially tied to the motor representation as physical practice was not essential for enhancing MI quality. The motor representation developed with no-vision practice improved perceptions of kinesthetic MI, but without the expected congruence in timing, questioning the equivalence between execution and MI.
Ερωτηματολόγιο Γονέων – Πρακτικές που αξιοποιούν οι γονείς στο σπίτι για τη διδασκαλία των Πρώιμων Μαθηματικών Εννοιών & του Αναδυόμενου Γραμματισμού
Authors: Charitaki Garyfalia
Published: February 2024

Πρόκειται για ένα ερωτηματολόγιο αυτοαναφοράς, το οποίο αποτελείται από πέντε μέρη. Το πρώτο μέρος περιλαμβάνει 5 δημογραφικές ερωτήσεις. Το δεύτερο μέρος περιλαμβάνει 2 ερωτήσεις που σχετικές με των αριθμό των βιβλίων που υπάρχουν στο σπίτι. Το τρίτο μέρος περιλαμβάνει 8 ερωτήσεις αυτο-αναφοράς που στις οποίες οι γονείς διατυπώνουν πόσο σημαντικό θεωρούν ότι είναι για τα παιδιά τους να κατακτήσουν αναπτυξιακά ορόσημα της γλώσσας και των μαθηματικών. Το τέταρτο μέρος περιλαμβάνει δύο ερωτήσεις που συνδέονται με τις δεξιότητες καταμέτρησης του παιδιού τους. Το πέμπτο μέρος αποτελείται από κλειστές ερωτήσεις τύπου Likert πέντε διαβαθμίσεων (0=εάν η δραστηριότητα δεν υλοποιήθηκε, 4=εάν υλοποιήθηκε σχεδόν καθημερινά), μέσω των οποίων αποτυπώνεται, η συχνότητα υλοποίησης δραστηριοτήτων με αναγνωστικό και μαθηματικό περιεχόμενο στο σπίτι.
The Ongoing and Upcoming Challenges for the Role of News in Science Communication
Authors: Evans Thomas Rhys
Published: February 2024

This document represents a written evidence statement for the UK Parliaments’ Call for Evidence on “The future of news: impartiality, trust and technology” by the House of Lords Communications and Digital Committee. This work was published under the ID: FON0014 on the 20th of February 2024.
The development of early phonological networks: An analysis of individual longitudinal vocabulary growth
Authors: Kalinowski Judith Amrei Friederike , Hansel Laura , Vystrčilová Michaela , Ecker Alexander , Mani Nivedita
Published: February 2024

While much work has emphasized the role of the environment in language learning, research equally reports consistent effects of the child’s knowledge, in particular, the words known to individual children, in steering further lexical development. Much of this work is based on cross-sectional data, assuming that the words typically known to children at n months predict the words typically known to children at n+x months. Given acknowledged variability in the number of words known to individual children at different ages, a more conclusive analysis of this issue requires examination of individual differences in the words learned by individual children across development, i.e., using longitudinal data. In the current study, using longitudinal vocabulary data from children learning Norwegian, we ask whether the phonological connectivity of a word to words that the child already knows or words in the child’s environment predicts the likelihood of the child learning that word across development. We compare three different measures of phonological connectivity that have been used in the literature to-date. The results suggest that the early vocabulary grows predominantly in a rich-get-richer manner, where word learning is predicted by the connectivity of a word to already known words. However, word learning is, to a lesser extent, also influenced by the connectivity of a word to words in the child’s linguistic environment. Our results highlight the promise of using longitudinal data to better understand the factors that influence vocabulary development and the insights to be gained from analyzing different measures of the same construct.
Πρώιμες Μαθηματικές Δεξιότητες των μαθητών προσχολικής και πρώτης σχολικής ηλικίας με Νοητική Αναπηρία: Αξιολόγηση των επιδράσεων των πρακτικών των γονέων με την εφαρμογή ενός μοντέλου της Θεωρίας Καταστροφών
Authors: Charitaki Garyfalia
Published: February 2024

Μέσω της παρούσας μελέτης γίνεται μια προσπάθεια ανάδειξης προβλεπτικών παραμέτρων των πρώιμων μαθηματικών δεξιοτήτων των μαθητών με νοητική αναπηρία μέσω των πρώιμων εμπειριών που βιώνουν οι μαθητές στο οικογενειακό τους περιβάλλον. Το δείγμα της μελέτης αποτέλεσαν 187 ζεύγη γονέων (μητέρα - πατέρας) παιδιών με νοητική αναπηρία προσχολικής και πρώτης σχολικής ηλικίας. Για τη διερεύνηση του προαναφερθέντος σκοπού αξιοποιήθηκε η θεωρία καταστροφών. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας έρευνας κατέδειξαν με σαφήνεια ότι η κατάκτηση των πρώιμων μαθηματικών εννοιών από παιδιά προσχολικής και πρώτης σχολικής ηλικίας με νοητική αναπηρία αποτελεί ένα σύνθετο φαινόμενο με σαφώς προσδιορισμένο δυναμικό χαρακτήρα των συνδεόμενων διαδικασιών, στο οποίο ταυτόχρονα ενυπάρχουν γραμμικές και μη-γραμμικές συμπεριφορές. Τα ευρήματα συζητoύνται με άξονα την ανάδειξη πρακτικών εφαρμογών.
Nationalization of U.S. Local Elections
Authors: Tang Francesca
Published: February 2024

Scholars have documented an upward trajectory of the nationalization of the American electorate, but frequently overlook local elections. Existing tools for measuring electoral nationalization possess notable drawbacks and more importantly, cannot be appropriately applied to local elections. I develop a measure of nationalization based on a k-means clustering algorithm and show that nationalization trends differ between subnational and local elections: congressional and gubernatorial elections have markedly nationalized but local elections have not followed the same rising trend and exhibit considerably lower degrees of nationalization. These findings imply that conclusions made exclusively based on subnational elections, elections that are federal or elected at the state-level, are not complete and political behavior has not converged across local units to the extent previously postulated. Furthermore, I find evidence that suggests election timing plays a larger role than partisanship in the dampening of nationalization in local elections.
The Changing Role of Mothers’ Status in Children’s College Completion
Authors: Schwartz Christine R. , King Michael D.
Published: February 2024

Despite vast changes in women’s status in society and in the home, we have little understanding of the changing role of mothers in shaping children’s life chances. Mothers’ contributions may have grown given their increased status—measured here as their education, earnings, and occupational status—and the rise of single-parent families. Using data from three large nationally representative U.S. surveys, we find that the returns to mothers’ and fathers’ status for children’s college completion have been remarkably stable among children born from the 1930s to the 1980s and thus account for little of observed increases in college completion. By contrast, increased levels of mothers’ status account for more of recent increases in college completion than fathers’ status. That continued increases in college completion have more to do with the rising status of mothers than fathers has been overlooked by previous research.
Robot-child Tutor using Custom-based Timing Methods
Authors: zakir  , Koushik Jayanth
Published: February 2024

In our comprehensive field study, we rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of different timing strategies employed by the autonomous robot tutoring system. These strategies encompass a range of approaches, including a traditional fixed timing regimen, a reward-based strategy that links break timing to performance improvements, and a refocus strategy that intervenes during periods of performance decline. By meticulously analyzing the outcomes and efficacy of each strategy, we aim to gain valuable insights into the nuanced interplay between personalized timing and learning outcomes in the context of robot-child tutoring.The results of our study not only shed light on the profound impact of personalized timing strategies on learning optimization but also underscore the transformative potential of leveraging robotics technology in educational settings. Beyond merely enhancing academic performance, we anticipate that our findings will inform the design and implementation of more sophisticated and adaptive tutoring systems, ultimately revolutionizing the way in which educational content is delivered and personalized to meet the diverse needs of learners.
Impact of statins in the liver: A bane or a boon?
Authors: Zacharia George , Jacob Anu , Karichery Manivarnan , Sasidharan Abhishek
Published: February 2024

Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with statins is considered one of the cornerstones in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Statins exert their hypolipidemic effects by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Beyond cholesterol reduction, statins exhibit pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative actions, making them valuable in mitigating atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic diseases. Though concerns of hepatotoxicity have been associated with the use of statins, extensive evidence suggests that the risk of statin-induced liver injury (SILI) is rare, with an incidence of <1%. Hepatic adverse effects include reversible asymptomatic transaminase elevation (most frequent), hepatitis, cholestasis, and rarely acute liver failure. While hepatotoxicity concerns should not be dismissed, the evidence overwhelmingly supports the safety of statins. Contrary to the myth of statin hepatotoxicity, real-world data and extensive research emphasize the safety and benefits of statins. They are therapeutic in various liver-related conditions, mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This scientific review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of statins, shedding light on their mechanism of action, hepatotoxicity concerns, and therapeutic potential in various liver-related conditions.