bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parasitological and clinical correlates of Plasmodium–Schistosoma mansoni co-infection and its determinants among Plasmodium-infected patients in the Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia regional state
Authors: Mohamed Kemal , Belay Tariku , Zeynudin Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background

Malaria and schistosomiasis are among the most important parasitic diseases with overlapping geographical distribution in Ethiopia. The objective of this study, therefore, was to assess parasitological and clinical correlates and determinants of co-infection among malaria patients.

Methods

A health facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among malaria patients attending public health facilities in Damot Woyide district, Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia regional state, from December 2020 to June 2021. A total of 246 (123 Plasmodium-only and 123 Plasmodium–Schistosoma mansoni co-infected) study participants were sampled consecutively. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic and risk factors. Detection and quantification of Schistosoma mansoni ova and malaria parasites were done with the Kato–Katz technique and blood film, respectively. Determination of hematological and biochemical parameters was done by the aLCose®HemoGo test system and the Cobas C 311 chemistry analyzer, respectively.

Results

The prevalence of Plasmodium–Schistosoma mansoni co-infection was 18.2%. Plasmodium–Schistosoma mansoni co-infected with a heavy intensity of Schistosoma mansoni had the highest parasitemia and was also significantly associated with malaria attack. In addition, anemia was associated with the presence of Plasmodium–Schistosoma mansoni co-infection. Schistosoma mansoni co-infection among malaria patients significantly increased mean Plasmodium density, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, and total protein. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly lower among co-infected individuals. On multivariate analysis, being male (AOR=3.03, CI: 1.56-5.91,p=0.001), being in the 6-15 years age group (AOR = 5.85, CI: 2.45–13.93,p=0.00), the presence of stream (AOR = 4.1, CI: 1.65–10.15,p=0.002), having a water body distance of less than 1,000 m (AOR=2.33, CI: 1.23–4.41,p=0.009), and presence of irrigation practice (AOR= 3.24, CI: 1.69–6.18,p=0.00) were found to be significant risk factors of co-infection.

Conclusion

Malaria attack and level of parasitemia were associated with the intensity of concurrent Schistosoma mansoni infection. Co-infection results in the change of Plasmodium density, hematological, and biochemical parameters in malaria patients.
Benthic algal community dynamics on Palmyra Atoll throughout a decade with two thermal anomalies
Authors: Khen Adi , Johnson Maggie D. , Fox Michael D. , Smith Jennifer E.
Published: January 2025

Coral reef algae serve many important ecological functions, from primary production to nutrient uptake and reef stabilization, but our knowledge of longer-term effects of thermal stress on algae in situ is limited. While ocean warming can facilitate proliferation of algae and potential phase shifts from coral to macroalgal-dominated states, algal responses may vary by species, genus, functional group, or type (e.g., calcareous vs. fleshy). We used 11 years of annual monitoring data (2009-2019) that spans two El Niño-associated heatwaves to examine benthic algal community dynamics on Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. We quantified the percent cover of algal taxa via image analysis of permanent benthic photoquadrats from two habitats on Palmyra: the deeper, wave-exposed fore reef (10 m depth) and the shallower, wave-sheltered reef terrace (5 m depth). Each habitat was characterized by distinct algal communities: predominantly calcareous taxa on the fore reef and predominantly fleshy taxa on the reef terrace. Patterns in abundance fluctuated over time and/or in response to thermal anomalies in 2009 and 2015. Fleshy algae generally increased in cover post-warming, which coincided with large declines of the calcified macroalgae, Halimeda spp. Long-term monitoring of coral reef algal communities is critical for understanding their differential responses to thermal stress and can improve projections of ecosystem functioning in the context of global change.
Managing two cases of twin anemia–polycythemia sequence in monochorionic twin pregnancies
Authors: Zhang Yongke , Liang Yiheng , Chen Ran , Zhang Dirong , Wu Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) is a rare monochorionic complication. In this study, we discuss the management of two cases of TAPS with different conditions.

Case presentation

Patient 1 was a 34-year-old multigravida in whom the fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocities (MCA-PSVs) were 0.86 multiples of the median (MoM) and 2.0 MoM at 33 weeks of gestation. After cesarean section, stage 3 TAPS was confirmed according to the ultrasound findings and hemoglobin results of the newborns and placenta examination after birth. Patient 2 was a nulligravida who was diagnosed with stage 2 TAPS at 18 weeks of gestation. The patient underwent fetoscopic laser surgery. Ultrasonography monitoring of the MCA-PSVs was performed on a schedule after surgery, with a good status but selective intrauterine growth restriction of one cotwin. The newborns reached their normal development milestones after spontaneous preterm birth.

Conclusion

Optimal management should be carefully selected for patients with different TAPS conditions.
Prevalence and clinical profile of comorbidity among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a multi-center observational study in eastern China
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xiaomeng , Chen Songhua , Li Jun , Cheng Qinglin , Zhang Yu , Wu Qian , Liu Kui , Jiang Xuli , Chen Bin
Published: January 2025

Objective

To identify the composition of comorbidities among patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and assess the impact of comorbidities on the clinical characteristics of patients.

Methods

This study was conducted in 13 hospitals across 13 counties in Zhejiang province, China. Patient data collected in this study included demographic characteristics, chest radiography results, etiological results, and comorbidities. Descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the composition of comorbidities of all participants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to identify the effects of comorbidities on the clinical features of the participants.

Results

Of the 8,421 total participants, 27.6% reported cavities in the chest radiography results, 41.9% were Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive in the etiology test results, and 38.7% (3,258/8,421) had at least one type of comorbidity. The most predominant comorbidity was pleuritis (1,833, 21.8%), followed by diabetes mellitus (763, 9.1%), other extrapulmonary tuberculosis (421, 5%), tracheobronchial tuberculosis (275, 3.3%), and silicosis (160, 1.9%). Participants with diabetes mellitus had the highest rate of chest cavities on X-ray (54.8%), followed by those with silicosis (33.1%). In addition, a higher percentage of the M. tuberculosis-positive etiology (45%) was observed in participants without comorbidities than in participants with comorbidities (37.1%). Compared to patients without comorbidities, patients with diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.42–3.43) were more likely to show cavities in chest X-ray, while patients with pleuritis (AOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.23–0.32), other extrapulmonary tuberculosis (AOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36–0.64), and tracheobronchial tuberculosis (AOR: 0.40–0.79) were less likely to show chest cavities in X-ray. In addition, patients with diabetes mellitus (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.72–2.45), tracheobronchial tuberculosis (AOR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.4–4.32) were more likely to show Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive in the etiology, and patients with pleuritis (AOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.22–0.29), other extrapulmonary tuberculosis (AOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48–0.76) were less likely to show Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive in the etiology.

Conclusion

The prevalence of comorbidities was high in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, integration of screening and personalized management is needed for the control of tuberculosis and its comorbidities.
Global research trends on gastrointestinal cancer and mental health (2004–2024): a bibliographic study
Authors: Han Wenjin , Wang Tianmeng , He Zhiqiang , Wang Caihua , Hui Zhaozhao , Lei Shuangyan , Hao Nan , Li Ning , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: January 2025

Background

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers impose a significant burden on global public health. Patients often experience mental health challenges due to physical changes and treatment-related symptoms, which can worsen their condition or delay recovery. Although research is mounting in this field, visual bibliometric analysis has not yet been conducted. This study aims to reveal the research hotspots and frontiers in this field using bibliometrics to guide future research.

Methods

The publications on GI cancer and mental health were retrieved in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2004 to 2024. VOS Viewer and CiteSpace, as commonly used bibliometric analysis tools, were employed to visualize the network structure of bibliometric data and uncover the evolving trends in scientific research fields. VOS Viewer was used to identify keyword co-occurrences, while CiteSpace was utilized to generate network visualizations, produce dual-map overlays of journals, and perform burst keyword analysis.

Results

A total of 1,118 publications were included for analysis. China had the highest number of publications in this field (341, 30.5%), while the United States held a central position (centrality = 0.48). The most productive author and institution were Floortje Mols and Tilburg University, respectively. Keyword analysis highlighted that “quality of life” (QoL) is a prominent research topic in the field, while “complications,” “cancer-related fatigue,” (CRF) “chronic stress,” and “epidemiology” have been identified as key areas for future research.

Conclusion

Research interest in this field continues to grow. The research direction is mainly focused on personalized mental health interventions to improve QoL, as well as preoperative mental healthcare and ongoing care through internet-based multidisciplinary collaboration to reduce postoperative complications. More detailed clinical symptom assessment is needed to distinguish between CRF and mental health issues and to provide targeted intervention measures in the future. The mechanism of mental health effects on the occurrence and development of GI cancer will be a frontier.
A sequencing-based method for quantifying gene-deletion mutants of bacteria in the intracellular environment
Authors: Fei Xiao , Yuan Zengzhi , Wellner Sandra Marina , Ma Yibing , Olsen John Elmerdahl
Published: January 2025

Advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have significantly accelerated the development of innovative methodologies in microbiological research. In this study, we present a novel method to quantify the net survival of gene-deletion mutants within the intracellular environment. Based on standardized Illumina short-read sequencing of genomic DNA, the method eliminates the need for specific selective markers on each deletion mutant. For validation, the method was shown to accurately quantify mutants in spiked pools of mixed mutants, showing no statistically significant differences compared to the expected values based on CFU determination (p > 0.05). Further, the method was used to quantify mutants of S. Gallinarum in macrophages. Six mutants and one control strain were mixed in a pool and allowed to infect HD11 cells for 2 h. The results align with prior research results, providing evidence of the feasibility of mixed mutant infections in functional gene identification. Notably, the simplicity and standardization of the method, rooted in standard whole-genome sequencing protocols, make it easily implementable across various laboratories.
Decoupling microbial iron reduction from anoxic microsite formation in oxic sediments: a microscale investigation through microfluidic models
Authors: Ceriotti Giulia , Bosco-Santos Alice , Borisov Sergey M. , Berg Jasmine S.
Published: January 2025

Iron (Fe) reduction is one of the oldest microbial processes on Earth. After the atmosphere and ocean became oxygenated, this anaerobic process was relegated to niche anoxic environments. However, evidence of Fe reduction in oxic, partially saturated subsurface systems, such as soils and vadose zones, has been reported, with the common explanation being the formation of anoxic microsites that remain undetected by bulk measurements. To explore how microscale oxygen concentrations regulate microbial Fe reduction, we cultivated a facultative Fe-reducing bacterium using a microfluidic setup integrated with transparent planar oxygen sensors. Contrary to expectations, Fe reduction occurred under fully oxic conditions, without the formation of anoxic microsites. Our results suggest that microbially mediated Fe-reduction could be more widespread in oxic subsurface environments than previously assumed. Moreover, our mathematical modeling of oxygen dynamics around biomass-rich layers revealed that the onset of anoxia is mainly controlled by biomass spatial organization rather than the conventionally used water saturation index. This opens a new perspective on the proxies needed to predict anoxic microsite formation and Fe(III) reduction occurrence.
Unraveling the microecological mechanisms of phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas asiatica JP233 through metagenomics: insights into the roles of rhizosphere microbiota and predatory bacteria
Authors: Tang Yuhan , Wang Linlin , Fu Jing , Zhou Fangyuan , Wei Hailei , Wu Xiaoqing , Fan Susu , Zhang Xinjian
Published: January 2025

The effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on plant productivity are high variable under field conditions. Soil phosphorus (P) levels are proposed to impact PSB performance. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous PSB on rhizosphere microbial community and their functions are largely unexplored. Our study examined how different P background and fertilization affected the performance of PSB Pseudomonas asiatica JP233. We further conducted metagenomic sequencing to assess its impact on rhizosphere microbiota and functions, with a focus on genes related to soil P cycling. We found that JP233 could enhance P solubilization and tomato growth to different extent in both high and low P soils, irrespective of P fertilization. It was particularly effective in high P soil without extra fertilization. JP233 altered the rhizosphere microbial community, boosting taxa known for plant growth promotion. It also changed soil gene profiling, enriching pathways related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, amino acids, carbon metabolism, and other key processes. Particularly, JP233 increased the abundance of most P cycle genes and strengthened their interconnections. Populations of certain predatory bacteria increased after JP233 inoculation. Our findings provide valuable insights into PSB’s mechanisms for P solubilization and plant growth promotion, as well as potential adverse impacts of resident microbes on bioinoculants.
Comparative analysis of the Streptococcus pneumoniae competence development in vitro versus in vivo during pneumonia-derived sepsis
Authors: Chong Sook Yin , Lew Shi Qian , Alam Tauqeer , Gaulke Christopher A. , Lau Gee W.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) competence regulon is well-known for regulating genetic transformation but is also important for virulence. Some pneumococcal strains can enter a transient competent state for genetic transformation in an optimized competence-inducing medium when the threshold level of the peptide pheromone competence stimulating peptide is attained; upregulating the expression of three distinct phases of “early”, “late” and “delayed” competence genes. Recently, we discovered that pneumococcus can naturally enter a prolonged competent state during acute pneumonia in mice. However, mechanisms driving competence development during host infection are rarely examined, and a direct comparison between in vitro and in vivo competence induction has not been performed.

Methods

We conducted a comparative gene expression analysis of pneumococcal competence development in vitro versus in vivo during pneumonia-derived sepsis in mice. We examined existing RNA-Seq data and performed validation using RNA obtained from an independent replicate experiment.

Results and discussion

Our analysis revealed both similarities and differences in the expression of “early”, “late”, and “delayed” competence between in vitro versus during pneumonia-derived sepsis. Our results may reveal new aspects of pneumococcal competence biology.
Combining interictal intracranial EEG and fMRI to compute a dynamic resting-state index for surgical outcome validation
Authors: Boerwinkle Varina L. , Gunnarsdottir Kristin M. , Sussman Bethany L. , Wyckoff Sarah N. , Cediel Emilio G. , Robinson Belfin , Reuther William R. , Kodali Aryan , Sarma Sridevi V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is critical for successful epilepsy surgery but remains challenging with current techniques. We developed a novel seizure onset network characterization tool that combines dynamic biomarkers of resting-state intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (rs-iEEG) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), vetted against surgical outcomes. This approach aims to reduce reliance on capturing seizures during invasive monitoring to pinpoint the SOZ.

Methods

We computed the source-sink index (SSI) from rs-iEEG for all implanted regions and from rs-fMRI for regions identified as potential SOZs by noninvasive modalities. The SSI scores were evaluated in 17 pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients (ages 3–15 years) by comparing outcomes classified as successful (Engel I or II) versus unsuccessful (Engel III or IV) at 1 year post-surgery.

Results

Of 30 reviewed patients, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The combined dynamic index (im-DNM) integrating rs-iEEG and rs-fMRI significantly differentiated good (Engel I–II) from poor (Engel III–IV) surgical outcomes, outperforming the predictive accuracy of individual biomarkers from either modality alone.

Conclusion

The combined dynamic network model demonstrated superior predictive performance than standalone rs-fMRI or rs-iEEG indices.

Significance

By leveraging interictal data from two complementary modalities, this combined approach has the potential to improve epilepsy surgical outcomes, increase surgical candidacy, and reduce the duration of invasive monitoring.
Virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation therapy in patients with acute unilateral vestibulopathy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Yoon Chul Young , Kim Jae Ha , Seo Young Joon , Kong Tae Hoon
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Conventional vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) requires significant time and resources, especially for patients with low compliance, limiting its effectiveness and accurate assessment. Studies have shown VRT using virtual reality (VR) to be effective, with meta-analyses confirming its superiority over conventional methods. However, methodological variations in VR remain a limitation. This study aimed to assess the effects of VRT using head-mounted display (HMD) VR technology in patients with acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP) and compare the outcomes with conventional VRT.

Methods

We conducted a single-blinded randomized controlled trial with 60 AUVP patients randomly assigned to VR or control groups. The VR group received VRT via VR, while the control group underwent conventional VRT. Both groups followed individual home-based programs for 8 weeks and visited the clinic every 2 weeks. Subjective dizziness symptoms were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. Compliance with home-based programs was assessed on a 0–2-point scale based on responses in a booklet guide.

Results

Seven patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 26 and 27 patients in the VR and control groups, respectively. The mean patient age was 56.91 ± 12.11 years; 22 men and 33 women were included. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant improvement in both groups for DHI and ABC scores. However, changes in DHI, VAS, and compliance scores did not differ between groups. Improvement in the physical domain of the DHI and ABC scores was significantly faster in the VR group (p = 0.019 for DHI, p = 0.0020 for ABC).

Discussion

VRT using VR technology showed comparable efficacy to conventional VRT in AUVP patients. The VR group demonstrated greater improvement in the physical domain of the DHI and ABC scales, indicating enhanced confidence in movement and reduced perception of physical handicap due to dizziness.
Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Atezolizumab-induced encephalitis, aseptic meningitis or meningoencephalitis
Authors: Yan Qingzi , Hu Yixiang , Liu Xiang , Xia Hong
Published: January 2025

Objective

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment and expanded the range of tumor indications. However, as the usage of this medication has increased, related adverse events are increasingly being identified. Among these, Atezolizumab-induced encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and meningoencephalitis remain poorly understood regarding clinical features. This study provides a comprehensive reference for classifying, identifying, and managing Atezolizumab-associated neurological adverse events, specifically encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and meningoencephalitis.

Methods

This study systematically collected published case reports from public databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, and CNKI Database. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts and then extracted data in the included article according to the designed table and analyzed the clinical characteristics of Atezolizumab-induced encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, or meningoencephalitis.

Results

A total of 17 articles were included, with 19 patients diagnosed with encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, or meningoencephalitis after Atezolizumab treatment. The most common presenting symptoms included fever, altered consciousness, fatigue, somnolence, and seizures. Diagnosis was primarily based on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, blood tests, and imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment strategies typically involved systemic steroids, antiviral agents, antibiotics, and anti-epileptic medications, as appropriate.

Conclusion

Neurological immune-related adverse events may rapidly progress and impact prognosis. Therefore, clinical practitioners should have a deep understanding of these neurological immune-related adverse events, promptly diagnose them, and provide accurate and timely treatment.
Error-related potentials during multitasking involving sensorimotor control: an ERP and offline decoding study for brain-computer interface
Authors: Yasuhara Masaki , Nambu Isao
Published: January 2025

Humans achieve efficient behaviors by perceiving and responding to errors. Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are electrophysiological responses that occur upon perceiving errors. Leveraging ErrPs to improve the accuracy of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), utilizing the brain's natural error-detection processes to enhance system performance, has been proposed. However, the influence of external and contextual factors on the detectability of ErrPs remains poorly understood, especially in multitasking scenarios involving both BCI operations and sensorimotor control. Herein, we hypothesized that the difficulty in sensorimotor control would lead to the dispersion of neural resources in multitasking, resulting in a reduction in ErrP features. To examine this, we conducted an experiment in which participants were instructed to keep a ball within a designated area on a board, while simultaneously attempting to control a cursor on a display through motor imagery. The BCI provided error feedback with a random probability of 30%. Three scenarios–without a ball (single-task), lightweight ball (easy-task), and heavyweight ball (hard-task)–were used for the characterization of ErrPs based on the difficulty of sensorimotor control. In addition, to examine the impact of multitasking on ErrP-BCI performance, we analyzed single-trial classification accuracy offline. Contrary to our hypothesis, varying the difficulty of sensorimotor control did not result in significant changes in ErrP features. However, multitasking significantly affected ErrP classification accuracy. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the classifier trained on single-task ErrPs exhibited reduced accuracy under hard-task scenarios. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate how ErrPs are modulated in a multitasking environment involving both sensorimotor control and BCI operation in an offline framework. Although the ErrP features remained unchanged, the observed variation in accuracy suggests the need to design classifiers that account for task load even before implementing a real-time ErrP-based BCI.
Integrating fMRI spatial network dynamics and EEG spectral power: insights into resting state connectivity
Authors: Phadikar Souvik , Pusuluri Krishna , Iraji Armin , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The Integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) has allowed for a novel exploration of the brain’s spatial–temporal resolution. While functional brain networks show variations in both spatial and temporal dimensions, most studies focus on fixed spatial networks that change together over time.

Methods

In this study, for the first time, we link spatially dynamic brain networks with EEG spectral properties recorded simultaneously, which allows us to concurrently capture high spatial and temporal resolutions offered by these complementary imaging modalities. We estimated time-resolved brain networks using sliding window-based spatially constrained independent component analysis (scICA), producing resting brain networks that evolved over time at the voxel level. Next, we assessed their coupling with four time-varying EEG spectral power (delta, theta, alpha, and beta).

Results

Our analysis demonstrated how the networks’ volumes and their voxel-level activities vary over time and revealed significant correlations with time-varying EEG spectral power. For instance, we found a strong association between increasing volume of the primary visual network and alpha band power, consistent with our hypothesis for eyes open resting state scan. Similarly, the alpha, theta, and delta power of the Pz electrode were localized to voxel-level activities of primary visual, cerebellum, and temporal networks, respectively. We also identified a strong correlation between the primary motor network and alpha (mu rhythm) and beta activity. This is consistent with motor tasks during rest, though this remains to be tested directly.

Discussion

These association between space and frequency observed during rest offer insights into the brain’s spatial–temporal characteristics and enhance our understanding of both spatially varying fMRI networks and EEG band power.
Dietary addition of compound organic acids improves the growth performance, carcass trait, and body health of broilers
Authors: Cai Fang , Huang Meiping , Liu Wei , Wan Xiaoling , Qiu Kai , Xu Xiao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The poultry industry constantly seeks strategies to enhance broiler growth performance and overall health. Organic acidifiers, including L-lactic acid, L-malic acid, and acetic acid, have gained attention as potential feed additives to improve animal production by modulating gut health, enhancing nutrient absorption, and supporting immune function. Despite their promising effects in other animal species, the impact of this novel compound organic acidifier on broiler performance, metabolism, and immune response has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of this compound acidifier on growth performance, serum lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immune parameters in broilers, providing insights into its potential benefits as a dietary supplement for broiler health and productivity.

Methods

A total of 240 broilers were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups receiving 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1.0% acidifier, with six replicates of ten birds each. Over a 6-week period, various parameters were measured, including serum triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, lysozyme, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, IL-2, TNF-α, and gene expressions related to lipid metabolism.

Results

Over a 6-week period, the acidifier decreased serum triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins while also enhancing growth performance. Additionally, it raised the serum levels of lysozyme, IgA, IgM, and the SOD. Additionally, IL-2 and TNF-α concentrations in the jejunum mucosa decreased. The acidifier upregulated PPARα, AMPK, FABP1 and MTTP expressions, and downregulated APOB100. Overall, the acidifier effectively improved broiler growth performance during the early development phase primarily by enhancing hepatic lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune function.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the acidifier may accelerate liver lipid metabolism in broilers by modulating the gene expression profiles involved in lipid metabolism.
The necessity of gestational vitamin D supplementation depends on ambient temperature: concern for infant vitamin D status
Authors: Yin Wanjun , Zhang Lei , Zhu Peng
Published: January 2025

Background

Given the ease of access to ambient temperature, it may be a more practical guide than the UVB index. However, the association between gestational temperature and vitamin D level in newborns remains unclear. Our study aims to explore this association and the necessity of maternal vitamin D supplementation when ambient temperature is less than a specific value.

Methods

Based on a birth cohort study, we measured cord blood concentrations of 25(OH)D in 1419 neonates from January to September 2008 in Hefei, a new first-tier city in China. The daily mean temperature of Hefei was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. Individual information on sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal health status, lifestyle, and birth outcomes was collected prospectively.

Results

The best-fit relationship was observed in the regression model using a quadratic function to describe the association between the ambient temperature of the eighth gestational month (29–32 gestational weeks) and cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations (R2 = 0.358, p < 0.001). Ambient temperatures of 10 and 24.5°C were linked to the cutoff of vitamin D inadequacy (<50 nmol/L) and deficiency (<30 nmol/L) in cord blood, respectively. For maternal exposure to an ambient temperature of ≥24.5°C in the eighth gestational month, vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy failed to significantly enhance neonatal vitamin D concentrations. In contrast, for maternal exposure to ambient temperature of <10°C, maternal vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with elevated 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood.

Conclusion

Gestational ambient temperature may be an ideal predictor for infant vitamin D status screening. Maternal exposure to an ambient temperature of less than 10°C is a critical index in the eighth gestational month, which may determine the onset of vitamin D supplementation.
High Ki67 expression, HER2 overexpression, and low progesterone receptor levels in high-grade DCIS: significant associations with clinical practice implications
Authors: Schandiz Hossein , Farkas Lorant , Park Daehoon , Liu Yan , Andersen Solveig N. , Sauer Torill , Geisler Jürgen
Published: January 2025

Simple summary

We investigated the role of Ki67, a ubiquitous marker in cancer, within the context of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a precursor of invasive breast cancer. Through rigorous analysis of histopathological and immunopathological samples from a substantial cohort, this study revealed robust correlations between heightened Ki67 expression, diminished progesterone (PR) levels, and HER2 overexpression, indicative of aggressive DCIS phenotypes. These findings offer novel insights into the surrogate immunomolecular subtyping landscape of DCIS, potentially refining risk stratification and therapeutic approaches. This elucidation underscores the translational significance of Ki67 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in DCIS, with implications for personalized treatment paradigms and patient outcomes.

Background

The Ki67 proliferation index is widely used in various tumors, including invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). However, its prognostic utility is often constrained by technical complexity. Its diagnostic and clinical significance in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains uncertain. We studied Ki67 immunohistochemistry interobserver diagnostic agreement at different cutoff values in high-grade DCIS. Additionally, we investigated the associations between Ki67 expression, PR levels, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in high-grade DCIS among various subtypes (Luminal (Lum) A, LumB HER2-, LumB HER2+, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative)).

Methods

Using histopathological specimens from 484 patients diagnosed with DCIS between 1996 and 2018, we implemented the 2013 St. Gallen recommendations for surrogate immunomolecular subtyping of IBC. Subtypes were classified, and the Ki67 interobserver diagnostic agreement between Counting Pathologist 1 (CP1) and CP2 was calculated using Cohen’s kappa coefficient at various cutoff values.

Results

The Cohen’s kappa coefficient for interobserver agreement between CP1 and CP2 was κ = 0.586, indicating moderate agreement. Ki67 levels varied significantly among subtypes (p < 0.0001), with a median Ki67% being higher in cases with invasive components (p = 0.0351). Low PR combined with high Ki67% was significantly associated with HER2 overexpression (p = 0.0107).

Conclusions

Interobserver agreement for the Ki67 count was moderate. Ki67 expression showed considerable variability in high-grade DCIS. Low PR levels combined with high Ki67 expression were linked to HER2 overexpression, showing possible clinical implications for identifying high-risk DCIS.
Multi-scale channel attention U-Net: a novel framework for automated gallbladder segmentation in medical imaging
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Wen Xiaobo , Fu Kang , Li Meina , Sun Lin , Hu Xiao
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To develop a novel automatic delineation model, the Multi-Scale Channel Attention U-Net (MCAU-Net) model, for gallbladder segmentation on CT images of patients with liver cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively collected the CT images from 120 patients with liver cancer, based on which ground truth was manually delineated by physicians. The images and ground truth constitute a dataset, which was proportionally divided into a training set (54%), a validation set (6%), and a test set (40%). Data augmentation was performed on the training set. Our proposed MCAU-Net model was employed for gallbladder segmentation and its performance was evaluated using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Jaccard Similarity Coefficient (JSC), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Sensitivity (SE), Hausdorff Distance (HD), Relative Volume Difference (RVD), and Volumetric Overlap Error (VOE) metrics.

Results

On the test set, MCAU-Net achieved DSC, JSC, PPV, SE, HD, RVD, and VOE values of 0.85 ± 0.22, 0.79 ± 0.23, 0.92 ± 0.14, 0.84 ± 0.23, 2.75 ± 0.98, 0.18 ± 0.48, and 0.22 ± 0.42, respectively. Compared to the control models, U-Net, SEU-Net and TransUNet, the MCAU-Net improved DSC 0.06, 0.04 and 0.06, JSC by 0.09, 0.06 and 0.09, PPV by 0.08, 0.08 and 0.05, SE by 0.05,0.05 and 0.07, and reduced HD by 0.45, 0.28 and 0.41, RVD by 0.07, 0.03 and 0.07, VOE by 0.04, 0.02 and 0.08 respectively. Qualitative results revealed that MCAU-Net produced smoother and more accurate boundaries, closer to the expert delineation, with less over-segmentation and under-segmentation and improved robustness.

Conclusions

The MCAU-Net model significantly improves gallbladder segmentation on CT images. It satisfies clinical requirements and enhances the efficiency of physicians, particularly in segmenting complex anatomical structures.
Therapeutic drug monitoring and neutralizing anti-drug antibody detection to optimize TNF-alpha inhibitor treatment for uveitis
Authors: Chen Howard C. , Shunyakova Jenny , Reddy Amit K. , Pandiri Srujay , Hassman Lynn
Published: January 2025

Background

Adalimumab taken every other week is an effective treatment in patients with chronic refractory uveitis. Patients who have a suboptimal response to this treatment may suffer from recurrent inflammation and vision loss. Here, we investigated the use of therapeutic drug monitoring and neutralizing anti-drug antibody detection as a strategy to optimize tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor treatment in patients who have a suboptimal response to the initial dosing of adalimumab.

Method

Retrospective cohort study performed in two tertiary referral uveitis services in the United States between 2015 to 2023. Patients with non-infectious uveitis who had a suboptimal response to every two-week dosing of adalimumab and underwent serum adalimumab level with reflex to anti-drug antibody testing were followed. Patients were considered to have neutralizing drug antibodies when serum drug levels were low (less than or equal to 6 mcg/mL) and anti-adalimumab antibodies were present on reflex testing. Treatment adjustment was made by clinicians with the knowledge of serum adalimumab level and the presence or absence of neutralizing drug antibodies. Every two-week dosing of adalimumab was either escalated to weekly dosing or switched to infliximab, an alternate TNF-alpha inhibitor, based on these findings. The primary outcome was success or failure at 12 months, as determined by disease inactivity on steroid-sparing therapy.

Results

32 patients with suboptimal response to the initial dosing of adalimumab were included. 31.2% (n=10) of patients were found to have neutralizing drug antibodies. All patients with neutralizing drug antibodies underwent a medication switch to infliximab with a remission rate of 40% at 12 months. Patients without neutralizing drug antibodies (n=22) underwent dose escalation (77.3%; n=17) or medication switch (22.7%; n=5) and achieved a remission rate of 68.2% at 12 months. Altogether, treatment adjustment based on therapeutic drug monitoring and neutralizing drug antibody detection, in our cohort, resulted in a remission rate of 62.5%.

Conclusions

For patients with uveitis experiencing suboptimal therapeutic response to adalimumab dosed every two weeks, therapeutic drug monitoring and neutralizing drug antibody detection may help clinicians optimize TNF-alpha inhibitor treatment.
Virally-initiated pain states: phenotypes, mechanisms, and future directions
Authors: Dochnal Sara A. , Cohen Steven P. , Hutchinson Mark R. , Miller Yury I. , Yaksh Tony L.
Published: January 2025

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the significance of viral infections, affecting billions of lives and costing trillions of dollars globally. Even beyond SARS-CoV-2, common infections with viruses like influenza, HIV, and herpesviruses have profound impacts beyond their typical manifestations, often triggering acute and chronic pain syndromes that can be life-altering. These virally induced pain states can arise through direct viral replication within neurons, or indirectly, via immune responses to infection in both the contexts of afferent signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or subsequent higher order integration in intracranial systems. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 each provide a unique lens through which to examine the interplay between viral activity and pain. This perspective paper is not meant to be an exhaustive review of virally-induced neuropathic pain states. It seeks to explore curated aspects of the complexities of these pain states, identify research gaps, and suggest solutions using nanoscale molecular understanding and psychoneuroimmunological and biopsychosocial frameworks. Each subheading is accompanied by a list of related issues for study which we think will lead to advances in our understanding of the vexing pain phenotype associated with viral infection.
Harmful newborn cord care practices and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last six months in Chencha town, Southern Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Seifu Misgana , Hassen Sultan , Kassa Mekdim , Haile Yosef , Girma Zeleke , Toma Temesgen Mohammed , Ashole Agune , Gujo Mintesinot Melka , Dema Wondimagegn Taye , Mekuriya Aleme , Shibru Endashaw
Published: January 2025

Background

Harmful substance-related infections that cause neonatal deaths on the umbilical stump continue to be a major cause of worry, accounting for a large portion of the yearly mortality toll in developing nations such as Ethiopia. In our study region, there is, however, little data regarding these issues. In Chencha town, Southern Ethiopia, mothers who gave birth in the last six months were the subjects of this study.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional mixed study design was conducted among mothers who gave birth within the past six months, from April to May 2023. Quantitative data was collected through structured interview questionnaires from 312 randomly selected mothers. The collected data was coded, cleaned, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5.0, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors, and the strength of association was measured by odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval at a p-value of <0.05. The audio-recorded qualitative data were transcribed in Amharic language and then translated into English and entered into Open Code software version 3.6.2 for analysis using the thematic content analysis method.

Results

Harmful newborn cord care practice was prevalent among 55.8% (95% CI: 50.1, 61.4) of the mothers. Factors such as husband's educational status (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.11, 8.67), communication on cord care within the community (AOR = 10.24, 95% CI: 5.44, 19.28), and discussions with health workers regarding cord care (AOR = 7.26, 95% CI: 3.59, 14.64) demonstrated significant associations with harmful newborn cord care practice (p < 0.05). In the qualitative analysis, four themes emerged such as substance applied (butter, Vaseline, and ointment). The reasons for application were moisturizing the cord, facilitating its separation, and promoting its healing. The sources of advice on cord care were relatives, neighbors, and HCW.

Conclusion

This study revealed that harmful newborn cord care practice was prevalent among 55.8% [95% CI (50.1, 61.4)] of mothers who gave birth in the last six months. The present study identified husbands' educational status, exposure to cord care messages through interpersonal communication in the community, and mothers who didn't ever engage in discussion with health workers about cord care as significant factors.
Molecular genetic diagnosis and surgical management in a cohort of children with 46,XY disorders/differences of sex development
Authors: Wong Yuenshan Sammi , Luk Ho Ming , Yau Ho Chung , Wong Lap Ming , Poon Sarah Wing Yiu , Tung Joanna Yuet Ling , Tam Yuk Him
Published: January 2025

Objective

A firm diagnosis revealing the etiology of disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) is most helpful in guiding clinical management. The aim of this study is to investigate molecular genetic diagnoses and surgical treatment in a cohort of children with 46,XY DSD.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on children with 46,XY DSD. They were referred to a tertiary surgical center during the period between 2011 and 2022 and were found to have genetic alterations, which were considered etiologies for their DSD. Data on clinical presentations, sex of rearing, genetic findings, surgical treatment, and comorbidities were collected and reviewed.

Results

A total of 21 patients were included in the study: 11 and 10 were reared as male and female, respectively. Genetic alterations were found as the causes for androgen insensitivity syndrome (n = 4), 5-alpha reductase type II deficiency (n = 5), 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency (n = 1), 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency (n = 1), and gonadal dysgenesis (n = 10). Of those with gonadal dysgenesis, the genetic alterations were NR5A1 mutation/deletion (n = 3), DMRT1 deletion (n = 4), WT1 mutation (n = 2), and DAX1 duplication (n = 1). A total of 20/21 patients underwent one or more surgical procedures including hypospadias repair (n = 10), gonadectomy (n = 11), gonadal biopsy (n = 4), hernia repair (n = 4), orchidopexy (n = 1), and feminizing genitoplasty (n = 1). A total of 5/21 had germ cell neoplasms in one or both gonads. A total of 8/10 patients with gonadal dysgenesis had comorbidities involving other systems. Of the whole group, seven patients were found to inherit genetic alterations from their parents.

Conclusions

Molecular genetic diagnosis enhances the understanding of etiology, improves diagnostic accuracy, and provides precise guidance in the counseling and surgical management of children with 46,XY DSD.