bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Bias in Community Detection Evaluation
Authors: C. Leão Jeancarlo , H. F. Laender Alberto , O. S. Vaz de Melo Pedro
Published: March 2022

Community detection is a key task to further understand the function and the structure of complex networks. Therefore, a strategy used to assess this task must be able to avoid biased and incorrect results that might invalidate further analyses or applications that rely on such communities. Two widely used strategies to assess this task are generally known as structural and functional. The structural strategy basically consists in detecting and assessing such communities by using multiple methods and structural metrics. On the other hand, the functional strategy might be used when ground truth data are available to assess the detected communities. However, the evaluation of communities based on such strategies is usually done in experimental configurations that are largely susceptible to biases, a situation that is inherent to algorithms, metrics and network data used in this task. Furthermore, such strategies are not systematically combined in a way that allows for the identification and mitigation of bias in the algorithms, metrics or network data to converge into more consistent results. In this context, the main contribution of this article is an approach that supports a robust quality evaluation when detecting communities in real-world networks. In our approach, we measure the quality of a community by applying the structural and functional strategies, and the combination of both, to obtain different pieces of evidence. Then, we consider the divergences and the consensus among the pieces of evidence to identify and overcome possible sources of bias in community detection algorithms, evaluation metrics, and network data. Experiments conducted with several real and synthetic networks provided results that show the effectiveness of our approach to obtain more consistent conclusions about the quality of the detected communities.
Das Bundesstaatsprinzip in Russland und seine Aushöhlung durch die Verfassungsreform von 2020
Authors: Gorskiy Alexander
Published: March 2022

The Federal State Principle in Russia and its Erosion by the Constitutional Reform of 2020: Since its entering into force, the Constitution of the Russian Federation has been resilient to major changes, aside from minor amendments as a result of territorial changes concerning federal subjects (member states). The constitutional reform of 2020, however, brought about major changes that also affected the principle of federal state at large. This article outlines major changes affecting the state structure and local self-government in particular. It aims to analyse the sense and purpose behind the amended Constitution, drawing on the theoretical term “vertical of power”, and continuing with a case study of federal territories (such as “Sochi D.C.”). The article then discusses Russia’s ongoing dispute of merging certain territories. The article concludes that several contradictions resulting from the reform of the Russian Constitution can, however, still be resolved by drawing on existing jurisdiction of Russia’s Constitutional Court wherein the principle of a federal state and local self-governance are being asserted and upheld.
Change Management im Rahmen der Pre-Merger-Phase einer Verwaltungsfusion
Authors: Czychun Christoph , Dose Nicolai
Published: March 2022

Anhand fünf empirisch untersuchter Fälle von Verwaltungsfusionen in der Evangelischen Kirche von Westfalen werden unter Rückgriff auf eine Kombination aus dem Fusionsphasenmodell und Kotters Change-Management-Ansatz die Bedeutung von Erklärungsfaktoren analysiert und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Pre-Merger-Phase formuliert. Wie sich zeigt, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines gelungenen Veränderungsmanagementprozesses höher, wenn alle Erklärungsfaktoren des Ansatzes berücksichtigt wurden.
Can job crafting be a remedy for struggling with work alienation? The moderator effect of perceived supervisor support
Authors: Aydın Esra , Çınar Esra , Basım H. Nejat
Published: March 2022

Drawing on self-determination theory, this study focuses on the relationship between job crafting and work alienation and the moderating effect of perceived supervisor support. Based on theoretical discussions, this study examines (1) whether a negative relationship exists between job crafting and work alienation; (2) whether and how perceived supervisor support moderates that relationship. Findings are based on the data collected from a survey of 203 participants working in Turkey. The results indicate job crafting’s negative association with work alienation. Perceived supervisor support is a moderating variable, fostering employee job crafting that, in turn, leads to reduced work alienation.
Rechtliche und menschliche Herausforderungen in agilen Organisationen – eine Fallstudie aus dem Konzern Deutsche Bahn
Authors: Fahrendorff Tim
Published: March 2022

Agiles Arbeiten verändert die Konfliktlandschaft in Unternehmen und fordert alle Akteure zur Abkehr von traditionellen, hierarchischen Konfliktlösungsmodellen auf; hin zur Kollaboration. In agilen Teams treten Konflikte zwischen Kollegen und Teams aufgrund Änderungen des gewohnten Arbeitsmodells hervor, aber auch weil rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen noch nicht an die neue Arbeitsform angepasst wurden. Dabei sind vor allem Personalabteilungen und Führungspersonen gefordert, ihre Organisation auf die Arbeit von Morgen mit neuen Konfliktlösungsmechanismen vorzubereiten. Jede Organisation, die auf agiles Arbeiten wechselt, ist angehalten, diese Mechanismen konsequent von Beginn an zu entwickeln. Im Folgenden werden einige der großen Spannungsfelder im agilen Arbeiten beleuchtet und Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, sich ihnen konstruktiv zu nähern.
Das Gebot fairen Verhandelns bei Unternehmensverhandlungen
Authors: Uden Jan van , Harms Janina
Published: March 2022

Dem Gebot fairen Verhandelns wird zum Teil eine Bedeutung zugesprochen, die über die Grenzen des Arbeitsrechts hinaus­reicht und insofern auch für die Unternehmensverhandlung als Referenzpunkt der Verhandlungsführung in Frage kommt. Um die Tragfähigkeit für B2B-Verhandlungen zu untersuchen, haben wir in diesem Beitrag die formalen und materiellen Inhalte des Gebots fairen Verhandelns analysiert. Nach eingehender Prüfung der Geeignetheit des Kriteriums - des Schaffens oder Ausnutzens einer psychischen Drucksituation, die eine freie und überlegte Entscheidung des Vertragspartners erheblich erschwert oder unmöglich macht - für den B2B-Kontext, kommen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich das Gebot fairen Verhandelns als Referenzpunkt für Unternehmensverhandlungen nicht eignet.
Catcalling: Empirische Befunde einer Online-Befragung zu Erscheinungsformen, Verbreitung und Folgen von Catcalling in Deutschland
Authors: Goede Laura-Romina , Lehmann Lena , Ram Alina Christin
Published: March 2022

Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung von n=3.908 Personen zum Thema „Catcalling“, die 2021 vom Kriminologischen Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen durchgeführt wurde. Unter Catcalling werden verbale oder andere nicht körperliche Formen der sexuellen Belästigung im öffentlichen Raum verstanden. Die Untersuchung analysiert das Ausmaß, die Formen und ausgewählte soziale Merkmale der Opfer von Catcalling, mögliche Folgen für Betroffene sowie Merkmale von Tätern und Täterinnen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Catcalling eine weit verbreitete Alltagserfahrung im Leben vor allem junger weiblicher oder diversgeschlechtlicher Personen ist. Viele Betroffene leiden anschließend unter diversen Folgen, wie verstärkte Ängstlichkeit oder allgemeine Verschlechterungen der psychischen Befindlichkeit. Anknüpfend an die empirischen Befunde werden Hinweise auf mögliche Handlungsoptionen gegeben.
Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice and Wheat: Physiological and Molecular Mechanism
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Salinity is a major obstacle to global grain crop production, especially rice and wheat. The identification and improvement of salt-tolerant rice and wheat depending upon the genetic diversity and salt stress response could be a promising solution to deal with soil salinity and the increasing food demands. Plant responses to salt stress occur at the organismic, cellular, and molecular levels and the salt stress tolerance in those crop plant involving (1) regulation of ionic homeostasis, (2) maintenance of osmotic potential, (3) ROS scavenging and antioxidant enzymes activity, and (4) plant hormonal regulation. In this chapter, we summarize the recent research progress on these four aspects of plant morpho-physiological and molecular response, with particular attention to ionic, osmolytic, enzymatic, hormonal and gene expression regulation in rice and wheat plants. Moreover, epigenetic diversity could emerge as novel of phenotypic variations to enhance plant adaptation to an adverse environmental conditions and develop stable stress-resilient crops. The information summarized here will be useful for accelerating the breeding of salt-tolerant rice. This information may help in studies to reveal the mechanism of plant salt tolerance, screen high efficiency and quality salt tolerance in crops.
Perspective Chapter: Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Programs – Evidence and Clinical Real-World Results
Authors: Gerdle Björn , Rivano Fischer Marcelo , Ringqvist Åsa
Published: March 2022

Chronic pain conditions are influenced by and interact with physical, psychological, social, and contextual factors. These conditions are associated with psychological distress, poor health, sick leave, and high socio-economic costs. Therefore, modern clinical practice applies a biopsychosocial (BPS) framework. Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRPs) for chronic pain distinguish themselves as well-coordinated complex interventions. This chapter describes the contents of such programs. We will briefly review the evidence for IPRPs and discuss problems when evaluating these complex interventions. Furthermore, we will report practice-based results from a large Swedish pain registry—the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP). The SQRP collects data from a relevant special clinical department in Sweden—i.e., real-life outcomes will be depicted. Characteristics of patients that benefit the most from IPRPs will be described and discussed. The indications for IPRPs will also be presented. Finally, we will discuss how to improve rehabilitation for chronic pain patients.
Explanation of Experiences of Iranian Women on the Verge of Divorce Regarding Rationality
Authors: Taghi Shahin , Nakhaei Maryam , Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl
Published: March 2022

Background: Rationality is a complex concept that plays a vital role in human choices and decisions. However, this issue has been less addressed in studies on marital life. Objectives: This study was performed to explain the experiences of Iranian women on the verge of divorce regarding rationality. Methods: According to the five-stage Granheim and Landman’s approach, an inductive conventional qualitative content analysis was used to collect and analyze women’s experiences on the verge of divorce. Seventeen women selected through purposive sampling entered the study, and qualitative information was collected using unstructured and semi-structured interviews. Information collection and analysis proceeded simultaneously. The information was saturated with 17 participants, and no new information was extracted. In this study, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to ensure the robustness of the study. Results: After information analysis, two main themes were derived. Limited rationality in marriage was the first one with three main categories: Lack of intellectual preparedness for marital life, irrational marriage decision-making, and unrealistic positive thinking. Lack of marital issues understanding was the second one, categorized into reality shock and negative cognitive-emotional experiences. Conclusions: This qualitative study showed that limited rationality plays a vital role in the lives of women on the verge of divorce. However, learning skills, such as deep thinking and realistic thinking, can help women overcome limitations toward rationality and lack of marital issues understanding.
Editare il Martinello di Sulpicio Severo
Authors: Ruggiero Fabio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: March 2022

This article aims to explain and clarify the controversial textual issue over which manuscripts should be preferred in an edition of Sulpicius Severus’ Martinellus. In particular, Ruggiero examines the case of the Letters. Firstly, he shows that there is only one contaminated textual tradition, as proven by the numerous adiaphoristic variants. Secondly, he shows that the manuscripts from the French-German area are superior to those from the Italic peninsula and some insular areas, as they provide a much more elegant and correct text. This is consistent with our knowledge of Sulpicius Severus’ higher literary education. In publishing the Martinellus, it is therefore advisable to follow the variants of the French-German manuscripts, whereas the ones of the Italian manuscripts are to be taken into account only in the case of obvious errors. Consequently, Ruggiero maintains that the editions that predate Halm’s should be rated much more highly than they are.
À propos d’une récente édition princeps
Authors: Mattei Paul ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: March 2022

A critical review of the editio princeps of the Liber Timothei episcopi de Pascha recently published by Pierre Chambert-Protat and Camille Gerzaguet in the coll. Sources chrétiennes. The article questions the editors’ thesis, at length developed in the Introduction, that the text is only the Latin translation, also known by Gregorius of Elvira and St. Augustine, of a Greek treatise apparently due to one Timothy, bishop of Cybistra in Cappadocia during the first half of the IVth century (the translation would be a little later: the original and the version as well ought to be situated around the time of Nicaea, which applied to fixing the Easter date). It tries to show that this thesis, although not implausible, is not however as strong as its promoters imagine, and that several of their arguments are to be rejected or at least to be qualified. This discussion, which forms the main part of the article, is supplemented by two lists of proposed corrections: the first deals with the Latin text and the second, in an appendix, with its French translation.
Announcement of GMT Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. on the completion of the 2020 Ministry of Education's Industry-University Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project (202002105032)
Authors:   GMT Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., LI CHANGKUI
Published: March 2022

港美通科技（深圳）有限公司对山东大学董桂伟高级实验室主持的教育部产学合作协同育人项目“产教融合背景下材料成型专业实验室建设”（202002105032）予以结项。GMT Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. has concluded the 2020 Ministry of Education's industry-university cooperation and collaborative education project "Construction of Material Forming Laboratory under the Background of Integration of Industry and Education" (202002105032)hosted by Dong Guiwei Senior Laboratory of Shandong University.
Terahertz emission from LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures pumped with femtosecond laser
Authors: Wei Gao-Shuai , Zhang Hui , Wu Xiao-Jun , Zhang Hong-Rui , Wang Chun , Wang Bo , Wang Li , Sun Ji-Rong ,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Published: March 2022

Since the discovery of the ultrafast demagnetization of the ferromagnetic metal, the spin degree of electrons is gradually used to generate terahertz radiation. The terahertz radiation generated by the inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect was confirmed first at the interface of Ag/Bi. However, the spin-to-charge conversion efficiency of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface is one order of magnitude lager than that of the Ag/Bi interface under equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium condition. Whether the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures can be used to convert spin current to generate terahertz radiation remains to be systemically studied. In this work, we fabricate the NiFe/LaAlO3//SrTiO3 heterostructures and investigate the generation of terahertz radiation by femtosecond laser pumping and its dependence of the magnetic field direction. We change the thickness of the LaAlO3 to show the applicability of the superdiffusive spin transport model and optical transmission model. We find the multireflections at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface weaken the terahertz radiation intensity. This work provides experimental and theoretical support for further optimizing the generation of terahertz electromagnetic waves.
Effect of N-doping on tribological properties of graphene by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Liu Qing-Yang , Xu Qing-Song , Li Rui ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Published: March 2022

Graphene has attracted a lot of attention due to its excellent electrical properties, however, the gapless nature of graphene limits its further applications. Doping is an effective way to open the bandgap, in which nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene has potential applications, but the study of its tribological properties is still lacking. In this work, the effects of nitrogen doping on the tribological properties of graphene under different interfacial structures are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation models include a hexagonal graphene sheet, graphene or N-doped graphene substrate. The results show that the nitrogen doping has different effects on friction when interface structure is in a commensurate state and an incommensurate state. In a commensurate state, N-doping reduces the friction between interfaces in all cases, but the friction first goes up and then decreases with the increase of doping ratio of nitrogen. The local maximum value of friction occurs at a doping ratio of 7.5%. This phenomenon results from the interface structure and the change of van de Waals force between interfaces. The introduction of nitrogen atoms causes the lattice of graphene to distort, which results in the formation of local incommensurate state, thus reducing the interfacial potential barrier and friction. However, the van der Waals force between nitrogen atom and carbon atom between layers is stronger than that between carbon atoms and carbon atoms, which causes the friction to increase. When the doping ratio is low or high, lattice distortion plays more important role. The friction of N-doped graphene shows much smaller increase with load than that of ideal graphene, which indicates that the N-doped graphene possesses a better performance under high load. When the interface structure is in an incommensurate state, the introduction of nitrogen atoms shows slight influence on lattice mismatch, therefore, the change of atomic type plays a dominant role in determining the friction between interfaces, which goes up with the increase of N-doping ratio. When the substrate is graphene with vacancy defects, the value of friction between interfaces is larger than the ideal graphene substrate or N-doped graphene substrate, which indicates that the doping of nitrogen atoms has positive effect on reducing the friction of graphene with defects.
The Highlighting of a Biological Process for the Treatment of Leachate from a Public Discharge
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco, Tchich Naoual , Aziane Abdel-ilah , Hammoutou Souad , Ouhssine Mohamed , El Yachioui Mohamed , Chaouch Abdelaziz
Published: March 2022

Due to the composition and their impact on the environment, landfill leachate is a serious environmental and public health problem. Our physicochemical and microbiological study has shown that leachate is highly loaded with minerals including iron, Mg, Cd, etc.) and pathogenic microorganisms hence the need for effective and sustainable treatment. Our present study enters this preoccupation we have highlighted a biological process allowing the transformation of leachate by way of fermentation, being based on leaven having fermenting, acidifying and antimicrobial power. Microbiological analysis showed that almost all the pathogenic flora was removed showing the biological treatment efficacy. In addition, the stable product obtained after 15 days of fermentation was used as a base in a formula of a bio-fertilizer. Application trials in different crops (wheat, peas, corn, etc.) have shown satisfactory results.
FireGrid – Software for 2-D Fire Simulation Using the Game Method for Modelling
Authors:   Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov University, 1 Prof. Yakim Yakimov Blvd., Burgas 8010, Bulgaria, Mavrov Deyan G. , Bureva Veselina ,   Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov University, 1 Prof. Yakim Yakimov Blvd., Burgas 8010, Bulgaria
Published: March 2022

The paper presents FireGrid, an application software program for performing two-dimensional fire spread simulation using Atanassov's Game Method for Modelling (GMM). The software implements a model of fire spread with one or more starting points of ignition onto a planar grid of square cells that represent an idealized terrain of flammable areas of vegetation, and inflammable areas of rocks and water basins. The applications allows also locating a fire's starting point(s) by subtracting the initial configuration from the final one and decrementing all affected and adjacent cells by one. In addition to the preliminary defining the pattern of fire spread, manual control of the spread is allowed during simulation by selecting the cells that are to burn on the next iteration.
Suppression weakens unwanted memories via a sustained reduction of neural reactivation
Authors: Meyer Ann-Kristin , Benoit Roland G
Published: March 2022

Aversive events sometimes turn into intrusive memories. However, prior evidence indicates that such memories can be controlled via a mechanism of retrieval suppression. Here, we test the hypothesis that suppression exerts a sustained influence on memories by deteriorating their neural representations. This deterioration, in turn, would hinder their subsequent reactivation and thus impoverish the vividness with which they can be recalled. In an fMRI study, participants repeatedly suppressed memories of aversive scenes. As predicted, this process rendered the memories less vivid. Using a pattern classifier, we observed that suppression diminished the neural reactivation of scene information both globally across the brain and locally in the parahippocampal cortices. Moreover, the decline in vividness was associated with reduced reinstatement of unique memory representations in right parahippocampal cortex. These results support the hypothesis that suppression weakens memories by causing a sustained reduction in the potential to reactivate their neural representations.
Tropical land use alters functional diversity of soil food webs and leads to monopolization of the detrital energy channel
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Krashevska Valentyna , Widyastuti Rahayu , Scheu Stefan , Potapov Anton
Published: March 2022

Agricultural expansion is among the main threats to biodiversity and functions of tropical ecosystems. It has been shown that conversion of rainforest into plantations erodes biodiversity, but further consequences for food-web structure and energetics of belowground communities remains little explored. We used a unique combination of stable isotope analysis and food-web energetics to analyze in a comprehensive way consequences of the conversion of rainforest into oil palm and rubber plantations on the structure of and channeling of energy through soil animal food webs in Sumatra, Indonesia. Across the animal groups studied, most of the taxa had lower litter-calibrated Δ13C values in plantations than in rainforests, suggesting that they switched to freshly-fixed plant carbon ('fast' energy channeling) in plantations from the detrital C pathway ('slow' energy channeling) in rainforests. These shifts led to changes in isotopic divergence, dispersion, evenness, and uniqueness. However, earthworms as major detritivores stayed unchanged in their trophic niche and monopolized the detrital pathway in plantations, resulting in similar energetic metrics across land-use systems. Functional diversity metrics of soil food webs were associated with reduced amount of litter, tree density, and species richness in plantations, providing guidelines on how to improve the complexity of the structure of and channeling of energy through soil food webs. Our results highlight the strong restructuring of soil food webs with the conversion of rainforest into plantations threatening soil functioning and ecosystem stability in the long term.
Tata Liba Ceremony for Reconciliation and Healing (Palu’e Island, Eastern Indonesia)
Authors: Danerek Stefan
Published: March 2022

This article examines the Palu’e Tata liba ceremony with the help of multimedia research documentation, participant observation, and comparison with other local ceremonies. The form and performance, including reasons and effects, are described and analysed. On Palu’e, a person who is ill, or who has tried medicines without results, wonders if he/she has done something wrong according to custom or toward fellow human beings, and can request one of several ceremonies or healing genres. Tata liba is integrated into a holistic system of general health and can also be performed preventively for good feelings and the maintaining of good relations. The ancestors are called upon with ritual language, shown to exhibit semantic parallelism, to heal the participants’ suffering relations and possible ill health. The overcoming of negative feelings is symbolically displayed by wiping the participants with water, throwing rice grains behind the back, and spitting in a coconut bowl. The main objective is to achieve harmony within or between families, and there is no argumentation or chronological issues producing a win-win situation.
Metal–Insulator Transition Driven by Traps in 2D WSe2 Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Ali Fida , Ali Nasir , Taqi Muhammad , Ngo Tien Dat , Lee Myeongjin , Choi Hyungyu , Park Won‐Kyu , Hwang Euyheon , Yoo Won Jong
Published: March 2022

Localized trap density (Dt) at the 2D channel–gate dielectric interface and its relative strength to carrier–carrier interactions depending on the thickness of the 2D channel can determine the nature of a metal–insulator transition (MIT) in 2D materials. Here, the MIT occurring in WSe2 devices is systematically analyzed by varying the WSe2 thickness from ≈20 nm to monolayer to explore the effects of Dt on MIT. The corresponding critical carrier density increases from ≈8.30 × 1011 to 9.45 × 1012 cm–2 and Dt from ≈6.02 × 1011 to 1.13 × 1013 cm–2 eV–1 as WSe2 thickness decreases from ≈20 nm to monolayer. These large increments in Dt with decreasing thickness of WSe2 induce a strong potential fluctuation in the band of WSe2, causing charge density inhomogeneity in the system, which attributed to tuning the MIT. The critical percolation exponent is strongly dependent on WSe2 thickness with an excellent agreement between the transport data and percolation theory achieved from thinner WSe2 devices, while the transport data measured from multilayer WSe2 devices does not obey the percolation theory. These results suggest that the nature of MIT strongly depends on the WSe2 channel thickness and corresponding unscreened charge impurity and strength of Dt at the interface.
The Society for Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology 44th Annual Meeting
Authors: Brugmann Samantha A. , Merrill Amy E. , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre , Stottmann Rolf W. , Clouthier David E.
Published: March 2022

The Society for Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology (SCGDB) held its 44th Annual Meeting in a virtual format on October 18–19, 2021. The SCGDB meeting included presentation of the SCGDB Distinguished Scientists in Craniofacial Research Awards to Drs. Paul Trainor and Jeff Bush and four scientific sessions on the genomics of craniofacial development, craniofacial morphogenesis and regeneration, translational craniofacial biology and signaling during craniofacial development. The meeting also included workshops on professional development for faculty and trainees, National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Research funding and usage of Genomics Software, as well as two poster sessions. An exhibitor booth run by FaceBase was also present to facilitate the upload and download of datasets relevant to the craniofacial community. Over 200 attendees from 12 countries and 23 states, representing over 80 different scientific institutions, participated. This diverse group of scientists included cell biologists, developmental biologists, and clinical geneticists. Although the continuing COVID‐19 pandemic forced a virtual meeting format for a second year in a row, the meeting platform provided ample opportunities for participant interactions and discussions, thus strengthening the community.
Layer Shape LiFePO4 Obtained by Powder Extrusion Molding as Solid Boosters for Ferro/Ferricyanide Catholyte in Semisolid Redox Flow Battery: Effect of Porosity and Shape
Authors: Vivo‐Vilches Jose F. , Vázquez‐Navalmoral Álvaro , de la Torre‐Gamarra Carmen , Cebollada Jesús , Várez Alejandro , Levenfeld Belén
Published: March 2022

Powder extrusion molding is proposed to fabricate ceramic LiFePO4 layers (0.5–1.0 mm thickness) as solid booster for ferricyanide electrolyte in semisolid redox flow battery. In some extruded layers, the binder is partially decomposed, while in others it is completely removed and, afterwards, the material is sintered, so materials with different porosity and dimensions are obtained. After characterizing the materials, the kinetics for the reaction with ferricyanide is evaluated, being the binder‐less materials the ones which react faster and reach larger degrees of oxidation. For the material with 1.0 mm thick comparable results to the ones already published are obtained (69 % capacity for LiFePO4 compared to the theoretical value). In the case of the 0.5 mm thick sintered solid, an outstanding performance is achieved, reaching almost the theoretical capacity (94 %) with a very high coulombic efficiency (>99 %) at 1 mA cm−2, results that were only obtained at much lower current densities in previous works.
Molecular biomarkers in cardio‐oncology: Where we stand and where we are heading
Authors: Vasileiou Panagiotis V. S. , Siasos Gerasimos , Gorgoulis Vassilis G.
Published: March 2022

Until recently, cardiotoxicity in the setting of a malignant disease was attributed solely to the detrimental effects of chemo‐ and/or radio‐therapy to the heart. On this account, the focus was on the evaluation of well‐established cardiac biomarkers for the early detection of myocardial damage. Currently, this view has been revised. Cardiotoxicity is not restricted to a single organ but instead affects the endothelium as a whole. Indeed, it has come into light that not only cancer therapy but also malignant cells per se can impair the cardiovascular system, through a paracrine and endocrine mode of action. Even more intriguingly, a clear interplay between molecular pathways involved in cancer and cardiovascular disease has become prevalent, suggesting a common nominator that governs the pathophysiology of these two entities. Taken together, our strategy in the quest of novel biomarkers in the emerging field of cardio‐oncology should be critically reshaped.
Reciprocal interactions among Cobll1, PACSIN2, and SH3BP1 regulate drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Park Kibeom , Yoo Hee‐Seop , Oh Chang‐Kyu , Lee Joo Rak , Chung Hee Jin , Kim Ha‐Neul , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Kee Kyung‐Mi , Kim Tong Yoon , Kim Myungshin , Kim Byung‐Gyu , Ra Jae Sun , Myung Kyungjae , Kim Hongtae , Han Seung Hun , Seo Min‐Duk , Lee Yoonsung , Kim Dong‐Wook
Published: March 2022

Cobll1 affects blast crisis (BC) progression and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). PACSIN2, a novel Cobll1 binding protein, activates TKI‐induced apoptosis in K562 cells, and this activation is suppressed by Cobll1 through the interaction between PACSIN2 and Cobll1. PACSIN2 also binds and inhibits SH3BP1 which activates the downstream Rac1 pathway and induces TKI resistance. PACSIN2 competitively interacts with Cobll1 or SH3BP1 with a higher affinity for Cobll1. Cobll1 preferentially binds to PACSIN2, releasing SH3BP1 to promote the SH3BP1/Rac1 pathway and suppress TKI‐mediated apoptosis and eventually leading to TKI resistance. Similar interactions among Cobll1, PACSIN2, and SH3BP1 control hematopoiesis during vertebrate embryogenesis. Clinical analysis showed that most patients with CML have Cobll1 and SH3BP1 expression at the BC phase and BC patients with Cobll1 and SH3BP1 expression showed severe progression with a higher blast percentage than those without any Cobll1, PACSIN2, or SH3BP1 expression. Our study details the molecular mechanism of the Cobll1/PACSIN2/SH3BP1 pathway in regulating drug resistance and BC progression in CML.
Predictive Factors for Postoperative Opioid Use in Elective Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Potter Tamia , Soni Pranay , Krywyj Maria , Petitt Jordan , Jarmula Jakub , Obiri‐Yeboah Derrick , Oyem Precious , Momin Arbaz , Easley Kathryn , Sindwani Raj , Woodard Troy , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R.
Published: March 2022

Objective

In 2017, the United States opioid epidemic was declared a public health emergency. Increased efforts have been made to understand and reduce patient opioid use in neurosurgery. However, the factors associated with postoperative opioid use remain understudied in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS). We identified the demographic and surgical factors associated with postoperative opioid use in EESBS.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent elective EESBS between January 2015 and December 2020. Patient demographics, relevant clinical history, and operative data were collected and analyzed. Total opioid use was calculated 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with opioid use.

Results

There were 454 patients included. A history of anxiety/depression and younger patient age were associated with a significant increase in opioid use at 24 (28.2 MME, p < 0.001), 48 (53.4 MME, p < 0.001), and 72 (89.4 MME, p < 0.001) hours after surgery. Nasoseptal flap use was significantly associated with increased opioid use at 24 (12.8 MME, p < 0.49) and 48 (19.6 MME, p < 0.048) h postoperatively while controlling for intraoperative variables and surgical approach (trans‐sellar vs. expanded). No significant association was observed for patient sex, history of migraines, preoperative opioid use, length of surgery, or surgical approach.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing EESBS, patient history of anxiety/depression, younger patient age, and nasoseptal flap use are associated with increased postoperative opioid use. Knowledge of these risk factors may guide perioperative prescribing patterns to both adequately control postoperative pain and reduce opioid use.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:494–499, 2023
Domain Structures and Temperature Induced Phase Transitions in Perovskite Molecular 3‐Ammonioquinuclidinium‐NH4Cl3
Authors: Gao Jinghan , Lv Qianrui , Li Feihui , Guo Junjie
Published: March 2022

Molecular ferroelectric 3‐ammonioquinuclidinium‐NH4Cl3 (3‐AP‐NH4Cl3) crystals were prepared. DSC‐CP‐TG curves were studied and a small endothermic peak was discovered at 146 °C without obvious mass change. Dielectric properties were measured and a sharp peak was found at 146 °C in the dielectric constant versus temperature curve. Temperature‐dependent domain evolution was observed in situ by polarized light microscopy (PLM). The extinction‐variation temperature range agreed well with the phase transition temperature that takes place in the dielectric measurement. This result further confirmed a phase transition from ferroelectric phase to paraelectric phase. A schematic diagram is also established to clarify the temperature induced phase transition. The shape change of free energy curve caused by temperature may result in the phase transition.
Structure‐Based Optimization of Novel Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Acetaminophen‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Feng Dongchan , Tang Yan , Qiu Huawei , Zhang Li , Wu Dan
Published: March 2022

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays an important role in regulating glucolipid metabolism, detoxification, and inflammation in liver. Thus, FXR has huge potential on several liver diseases, including drug‐induced liver injury, fibrosis, and fatty liver. In this study, we performed a structure‐based drug design strategy to optimize the previous reported FXR agonist N‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐((2‐(2‐oxopyrrolidin‐1‐yl)phenyl)amino)acetamide (1). After structure‐based drug design, the optimal compound, 3‐(2‐((2‐(2‐oxopyrrolidin‐1‐yl)phenyl)amino)acetamido)benzoic acid (2, EC50=2.43 μM), was identified by displacing the potentially toxic nitro group of compound 1 with carboxylic acid to obtain new ionic bond with His294. Compound 2 revealed considerable activity on FXR, and exerts best therapeutic effects on alleviating acetaminophen‐induced liver damages in this series by up‐regulation of FXR‐related gene expression in vivo. In summary, these results suggest that compound 2 is a promising FXR agonist suitable for further evaluation.
Machine learning accelerated calculation and design of electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Sun Zhehao , Yin Hang , Liu Kaili , Cheng Shuwen , Li Gang Kevin , Kawi Sibudjing , Zhao Haitao , Jia Guohua , Yin Zongyou
Published: March 2022

In the past decades, machine learning (ML) has impacted the field of electrocatalysis. Modern researchers have begun to take advantage of ML‐based data‐driven techniques to overcome the computational and experimental limitations to accelerate rational catalyst design. Hence, significant efforts have been made to perform ML to accelerate calculation and aid electrocatalyst design for CO2 reduction. This review discusses recent applications of ML to discover, design, and optimize novel electrocatalysts. First, insights into ML aided in accelerating calculation are presented. Then, ML aided in the rational design of the electrocatalyst is introduced, including establishing a data set/data source selection and validation of descriptor selection of ML algorithms validation and predictions of the model. Finally, the opportunities and future challenges are summarized for the future design of electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction with the assistance of ML.
Beef–cattle ranching in the Paraguayan Chaco: typological approach to a livestock frontier
Authors: Milán M. J. , González E.
Published: March 2022

The Paraguayan Chaco has experienced, in the last few decades, some of the highest rates of deforestation in the world. In parallel, this region has registered an increase in the number of cattle heads of 60% in the last decade. Taking into account the high environmental and socioeconomic impact of this expansion, the aim of this work was to reveal how Beef–cattle ranching is carried out and to establish a typology that allows us to identify the different land-use patterns followed by the ranches. Data were collected using face-to-face structured interviews of 80 ranch owners. In the region ranches co-exist that practise the cow–calf system, the whole-cycle system and the fattening system. In all cases, ranches are very large, pasture based, highly specialised in Beef–cattle and export-oriented. Three groups of ranches were identified, being the main differentiating drivers: (i) the availability of the different production factors, (ii) the distribution of total area, and (iii) the degree of intensification in the use of capital, labour and/or technology per unit of agricultural area. In addition, it is noted that the years of activity of the ranches are related to these drivers. The typology of ranches contributes to a better understanding of one of the most active livestock frontiers in the world and shows that the expansion process taking place in the Paraguayan Chaco is associated with an intensification of Beef–cattle systems. These results provide a useful approach to develop policies that regulate the expansion of the cattle frontier in the Paraguayan Chaco.
Classification of partially hyperbolic surface endomorphisms
Authors: Hall Layne , Hammerlindl Andy
Published: March 2022

We show that in the absence of periodic centre annuli, a partially hyperbolic surface endomorphism is dynamically coherent and leaf conjugate to its linearisation. We proceed to characterise the dynamics in the presence of periodic centre annuli. This completes a classification of partially hyperbolic surface endomorphisms.
Bibliometrics in Press. Representations and uses of bibliometric indicators in the Italian daily newspapers
Authors: Petrovich Eugenio
Published: March 2022

Scholars in science and technology studies and bibliometricians are increasingly revealing the performative nature of bibliometric indicators. Far from being neutral technical measures, indicators such as the Impact Factor and the h-index are deeply transforming the social and epistemic structures of contemporary science. At the same time, scholars have highlighted how bibliometric indicators are endowed with social meanings that go beyond their purely technical definitions. Thesesocial representations of bibliometric indicatorsare constructed and negotiated between different groups of actors within several arenas. This study aims to investigate how bibliometric indicators are used in a context, which, so far, has not yet been covered by researchers, that ofdaily newspapers. By a content analysis of a corpus of 583 articles that appeared in four major Italian newspapers between 1990 and 2020, we chronicle the main functions that bibliometrics and bibliometric indicators played in the Italian press. Our material shows, among other things, that the public discourse developed in newspapers creates a favorable environment for bibliometrics-centered science policies, that bibliometric indicators contribute to the social construction of scientific facts in the press, especially in science news related to medicine, and that professional bibliometric expertise struggles to be represented in newspapers and hence reach the general public.
Return migration of German-affiliated researchers: analyzing departure and return by gender, cohort, and discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Aref Samin , Zagheni Emilio , Stecklov Guy
Published: March 2022

The international migration of researchers is an important dimension of scientific mobility, and has been the subject of considerable policy debate. However, tracking the migration life courses of researchers is challenging due to data limitations. In this study, we use Scopus bibliometric data on eight million publications from 1.1 million researchers who have published at least once with an affiliation address from Germany in 1996–2020. We construct the partial life histories of published researchers in this period and explore both their out-migration and the subsequent return of a subset of this group: the returnees. Our analyses shed light on the career stages and gender disparities between researchers who remain in Germany, those who emigrate, and those who eventually return. We find that the return migration streams are even more gender imbalanced, which points to the need for additional efforts to encourage female researchers to come back to Germany. We document a slightly declining trend in return migration among more recent cohorts of researchers who left Germany, which, for most disciplines, was associated with a decrease in the German collaborative ties of these researchers. Moreover, we find that the gender disparities for the most gender imbalanced disciplines are unlikely to be mitigated by return migration given the gender compositions of the cohorts of researchers who have left Germany and of those who have returned. This analysis uncovers new dimensions of migration among scholars by investigating the return migration of published researchers, which is critical for the development of science policy.
Efficient adsorption of acetaminophen from the aqueous phase using low-cost and renewable adsorbent derived from orange peels
Authors: Saied Mohamed El , Shaban Seham A. , Mostafa Mohsen S. , Naga Ahmed O. Abo El
Published: March 2022

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are frequently detected emerging pollutants in water resources worldwide that provoke pernicious influences on human health and the ecosystem. Developing effective carbonaceous adsorbents from biomass for the efficient removal of PhACs has lately drawn significant research attention. Herein, an efficient and cost-effective activated carbon was produced via ZnCl2-activation, employing orange peels as a precursor (named hereafter as OPAC). OPAC was well-characterized and applied in the sequestration of acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP), a broadly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, from water media using the batch technique. OPAC exhibited excellent performance, and more than 95.5% APAP was removed after 90 min, in the pH range of 2.0–8.0, using 1 g/l adsorbent at 25 °C. Additionally, the equilibrium and the kinetic studies outcomes unveiled the suitability of the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively, to describe the adsorption process. Based on the pH-adsorption dependence and OPAC properties, the presumable mechanism was mainly dominated by non-electrostatic interactions, including hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and pore diffusion. Thermodynamically, the process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic. Ultimately, OPAC manifested outstanding recyclability, with at least 95% of the initial efficiency being preserved after five cycles, making it more attractive from the environmental and economic perspectives.
Removal of stable and radio isotopes from wastewater by using modified microcrystalline cellulose based on Taguchi L16
Authors: Dawoud M. M. A. , Hegazi M. M. , Saleh H. M. , El Helew W. K.
Published: March 2022

Water pollution connected with rapid industrial growth is one of the most challenging issues worldwide. The disposal of heavy metals turns out to be complex and expensive, so several researchers have tried to remove these pollutants based on abundantly available, inexpensive materials, such as agsricultural waste to be used as sorbents; however, most of these materials have not achieved sufficient removal rates. Consequently, research has been conducted for economic, environmentally benign, and efficient byproduct materials. Among the most auspicious techniques was the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose, chemically modified by a low-molecular-weight organic acid such as citric acid (McC-CA); such materials are powerful chelators for the removal of heavy metals from water bodies. The Taguchi robust design approach was used in present study to optimize the factors determing the efficieny of heavy metal removal, namely ion concentration, pH-value, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, through an orthogonal array (OA) L16 = 44 in batch absorbtion experiments. The results illustrated the optimum combination for Co (II) and Cs (I) adsorption was pH (5–6), C (1–50 mg L−1), D (3–4 g L−1), T (60–100 min) according to contour plots and verification tests, Where the percent removal reached 74 and 88% for cobalt and cesium respectively when using this optimal combination. Furthermore, when this combination was applied to 60Co and 137Cs the percent removal ranged from 96.01 to 90.28% for 60Co, and 100 to 94.25% for 137Cs. Therefore, it can be inferred that the use of McC-CA constitutes an effective tool to remove cobalt and cesium ions from waterbodies.