bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of availability of separate medical dental personnel of medical organizations of the region for 2019-2021
Authors: Akhedzhak-Naguze Saidа К. , Shiltsova Tatyana A. , Zhane Khazret A. , Naguze Adam A. , Chukho Marina А.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: The main factor that determines the priority direction in the development of a medical organization and the health system as a whole is the optimization of personnel. This study analyzed the provision of medical organizations of the Krasnodar Territory with individual medical dental personnel. This study is quite relevant because the present socio-economic formation is based on the personal qualities and experience of highly qualified personnel of the organization, which is the basis for the competitive advantage of medical organizations in the market of goods and services.
AIMS: To analyze the main indicators of staffing by orthodontists, dentists, and pediatric dentists of medical organizations in the Krasnodar Territory for 20192021.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study participants were selected medical dental personnel with Krasnodar Krai specialties, namely, orthodontics, dentistry, and pediatric dentistry for 20192021. The association between the need for the effective use of healthcare personnel resources and the potential needs of the population in dental medical care was determined. The study analyzed the statistical data of reporting forms of medical organizations of Krasnodar Krai Information about medical organization (p. N 30) during the study period. The statistical analysis of data was conducted using Microsoft Office software package. Analytical, logical, and statistical methods of research were used.
RESULTS: The analysis of the availability of separate medical dental personnel of medical organizations of Krasnodar Territory for 20192021 revealed an increase in the number of regular and occupied positions of orthodontic doctors and dentists and a decrease in the number of staff and employed pediatric dentists. The number of orthodontists and dentists in pediatrics decreased slightly, whereas the number of dentists increased. The number of certified and accredited doctors in all specialties has increased.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the main indicators of staffing by orthodontic doctors, dentists, doctors, and pediatric dentists of medical organizations of the Krasnodar Krai health system for 20192021.
The Redmond Salt Mine Monitoring Experiment: Observations of Infrasound Resonance
Authors: Downey Nathan , Albert Sarah , Tibi Rigobert
Published: November 2022

From October 2017 to July 2019, we collected seismic recordings of nighttime mining explosions occurring at Redmond Salt Mine. In addition to seismic data, infrasound recordings of the explosions were collected from October 2017 to June 2018. Mine operators provided logs of explosion locations during the period from May 2018 to November 2018, along with a detailed survey of the mine structure. Seismic signals from these explosions exhibit a very complex character resulting from the heterogeneous subsurface of the region. We were able to cluster the observed seismic waveforms into several groups based on waveform similarity, which were then associated with specific regions of active mining using the operator logs. Two of these clusters were associated with several explosive events that generated infrasound easily detected out to 20 km. Because all these events occurred at night, the observed similarity of the infrasound waveforms across all the stations may result from the presence of an inversion layer that traps acoustic energy near the surface. Fully understanding the influence of atmospheric and meteorological conditions on the propagation of these infrasound signals is not possible without additional surveys. However, the recorded infrasound signals exhibit a harmonic structure that appears to result from acoustic reverberations within the mine tunnels. Application of a simple model to explain these results gives a factor of two agreement between the actual and estimated dimension of a mine tunnel whose southern end is open to the atmosphere. The observation of harmonic infrasound signals highlights the increased usefulness of infrasound in monitoring at local distances, relative to monitoring at farther offsets. Although these signals cannot be reliably recorded, presumably due to the requirement of a relatively simple atmosphere at the time of recording, we nonetheless encourage the routine collection of infrasound data in local monitoring applications.
Evaluation of dynamic thiol-disulfide balance and ischemia modified albumin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: ERDAL Huseyin , ÖZCAN Oğuzhan , TURGUT Faruk Hilmi , NEŞELİOĞLU Salim , EREL Özcan
Published: November 2022

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the dynamic thiol-disulfide balance and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Method: Thirty hemodialysis (HD), 30 CKD patients (stage 3-5) and 30 controls were included in the study. The dynamic thiol-disulfide balance was determined by the colorimetric method developed by Erel et al. IMA levels were determined by using cobalt binding test developed by Bar- Or et al.

Results: Native and total thiol levels of CKD and HD patients were significantly lower than that of the control group (p=0.001 for both). However, disulfide levels were significantly higher in the HD group (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference between control and CKD groups(p=0.547). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the native and total thiol levels and IMA (r=-0.628; -0.631), BUN (r=-0.747; -0.747), and creatinine (r=-0.732; -0.721). There was a significant positive correlation between GFR and the thiol levels (r=0.835;0.824). TrxR levels were significantly higher in the patient groups compared to the controls (p=0.001). CRP levels of the patient groups were significantly higher compared to the controls (p=0.001).

Conclusion: We have demonstrated that measurement of dynamic thiol-disulfide levels by using colorimetric method can contribute to the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease as a marker, because it is easily applicable in routine clinical biochemistry laboratories and related with disease severity in CKD patients. Also, we showed that albumin correction due to dialysis process should be consider in studies dealing with plasma thiol values and the final results should be given after the correction process.
Çocuk Yaşta Gebe Kalan Cinsel İstismar Mağdurları: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Tunçez Ferhat Turgut , Ersen Gülden , Kılıççıoğlu Doğu Barış , Küçük Zeynep Sağlık , Tokdemir Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Sexual crimes are an important forensic and medical problem that creates permanent traumas primarily on the victims. In our study, we aimed to present three cases under the age of 15 who were conceived after sexual abuse. Our first case was a 13-years-old with a pregnancy as a result of abuse without penetration. Our second case was a 12-years-old, and as a result of incest. Our third case; a 14-years-old, and it was found that she was 24 weeks pregnant in her examination. Forensic and medical problems have arisen due to reasons such as the fact that our sexual abuse cases were at childhood and even became pregnant as a result of this abuse, the abuse was due to incest, abortion could not be performed as a result of delayed applications. In addition, it should be kept in mind that pregnancy can occur without penetration in child abuse cases.
Medicolegal Evaluation of Post-Traumatic Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Aydoğdu Halil İlhan , Biçen Emin , Atacan Sibel Çağlar , Falihi Afrodit
Published: November 2022

Objective: Head injuries and traumatic brain injury are a serious public health problem impacting It is well-known that each year, 55 million people are exposed to traumatic brain injury. The identification of head traumas, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Post-Traumatic Cognitive Impairment in respect of clinical forensic medicine applications are important in many judicial cases, primarily the claim that a disability is due to trauma.
Material and Methods: The files of the patients who were referred for disability assessment between January 01, 2019 and December 31, 2019, and who were found to have suffered head trauma at the time of the incident, were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: The ages of patients ranged between 14 and 78 years. The mean age was 39.8 ± 14.43, and the median age was 39. 109 (81.3%) of them were male and 25 (18.7) were female. As a result of the examination, imaging tests and neurocognitive test results for the disability assessment of the patients, 87 (64.9%) of them had organic brain damage causing significant cognitive damage. Post-traumatic stress disorder in 5 (3.7%) patients and other trauma-related sequelae (craniectomy defect, epilepsy, hearing or vision loss, etc.) were detected in 8 (6%) patients. WMS-I and WMS-II scores of the patients were found to be significantly lower in the Post-Traumatic Cognitive Impairment group (P=0.001). Moreover, the test results were determined to be significantly lower in WMS-IV (logical memory) tests (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Cognitive Impairment can be made through multidisciplinary clinical examination, radiological imaging, and neurocognitive tests.
Regulating Lobbying in International and Transnational Spheres
Authors: Kanevskiy P.
Published: November 2022

Lobbying is an integral part of contemporary international processes. Globalization, spread of market relations and transnational links, liberalization of national and supranational governance increased the role of interest groups in international relations. However, interest groups activities at the global level are still largely a terra incognita for international relations theory and international law which requires a more comprehensive analysis. The main goal of the article is to fill the gaps in modern IR theory as well as in theories of lobbying and interest groups by systematization of lobbying regulation experience in international and transnational spheres. Even though single approach towards formalization of international lobbying is hardly feasible, systematization of current global practices should facilitate better understanding of the nature of interest groups activity in international and transnational spheres, of potential and limits for its regulation both in sovereign states and international organizations. The article analyzes separate regulatory regimes aimed at formalizing lobbying in international and transnational spheres. There are two types of regimes: those existing on supranational level that set rules of interaction between interest groups and international organizations; those that regulate interactions of foreign interest groups and sovereign states. Analysis has demonstrated that supranational and national authorities have different approaches towards regulating their interactions with transnational interest groups. Moreover, difference exists not only between these two levels but within levels. I study supranational regulation with the cases of the European Union and the United Nations. The EU is an example of the most inclusive regulatory regime within the international organization. It technically covers all types of interest groups that wish to lobby EU officials. The UN takes a different approach – it officially regulates interactions only with international non-governmental organizations (INGOs). However, real interests behind INGOs include not only public interests but also business groups. There is an unfolding discussion within the UN over what should be the right approach towards regulating business interests. Various UN bodies have varying opinions on the issue that results in existence of various sub-regimes in the organization. The analysis of foreign lobbying regulation regimes in sovereign states has demonstrated that their development is connected mainly to political motivations of national authorities who wish to limit political and information influence by foreign interest groups while leaving economic ties and interaction with foreign business groups relatively immune to such regulation.
Economic Development and Internal Sovereignty of Transnistria and Abkhazia
Authors: Kolosov V. , Zotova M.
Published: November 2022

For more than 30 years, Transnistria and Abkhazia separated from their parent states and proclaimed independence. Generations born and raised in unrecognized states have already entered an active age. In this regard, the question of how citizens of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Republic of Abkhazia understand independence, how important it is for them, how do they see the prospects of their states and what life strategies do they choose, becomes especially relevant. In the article, the authors compare the results of 13 focus groups conducted in Transnistria and Abkhazia in the fall of 2020 with the main socio-economic indicators of de facto states and their neighbors. This approach made it possible to connect the perception of the problems of everyday life with changes in the identity of citizens and the internal sovereignty of unrecognized states, to highlight the factors uniting and dividing various social groups, to assess their attitude to the current results and prospects of state building. The different composition of the groups made it possible to compare the opinions, firstly, of citizens who were socialized after the collapse of the Soviet Union and in Soviet times, secondly, different ethnic groups, men and women, and, thirdly, residents of different districts of de-facto states. It was revealed that the main economic indicators of Abkhazia and Transnistria lag behind the average values of neighboring countries. The lack of significant economic progress can potentially affect the loyalty of citizens to the political regime and negatively change the viability of the republics. In this context, signs of fatigue from the inconveniences of life in the unrecognized republic and low-income levels compared to neighboring countries and the mother state were revealed in the Abkhaz and Transnistrian societies.
Why more doctors won’t solve the health care system’s problems
Authors: Bell R. Warren
Published: November 2022

Commentary [English]
Establishment of blood glucose control model in diabetic mice
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China, Rao Cai-Hua , Gao Jian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China, Du Zi-Hao ,   Department of Clinical Medical, The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China, Gao Chen ,   College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
Published: November 2022

AIM: To explore the established method of the diabetic mouse blood glucose control model and preliminary observation of its influence on the retinas of diabetic mice.
METHODS: The db/db BKS-DB (Leprko/ko) mice were randomly divided into two groups: the poor blood glucose control group (PG group, n=18) and the stable blood glucose control group (SG group, n=12), with BKS-DB (Leprwt/wt) as the normal blood glucose control group (NG group, n=18). According to the blood glucose values for 5 intervals which were monitored during the period of adaption, the PG group was injected with insulin aspart twice daily, fasted for 2h and then returned to normal. The SG group was injected with insulin aspart twice and insulin glargine once daily and fed with a quantitative ration. Fundus images were collected after eight weeks. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), mean blood glucose level (MBG), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), coefficient of variation of blood glucose (CVBG), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) in each group were examined and calculated.
RESULTS: The HbA1c, MBG, SDBG, CVBG, and MAGE levels in the PG group were significantly higher than those in the NG and SG groups (all P<0.05). MBG, SDBG, CVBG, and MAGE levels in the SG group were higher than those in the NG group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in HbA1c levels between the NG and SG groups (P>0.05). Preliminary observation of fundus images in the PG group and SG groups showed scattered retinal bleeding spots, while bleeding was more obvious in the PG group.
CONCLUSION: The blood glucose control model of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice can be successfully established by subcutaneous injection of insulin aspart insulin glargine and rationed food, which is valuable for studying the mechanism of blood glucose fluctuations in diabetic complications in vivo.
Effect of the position of the corneal lamella on the frequency of its detachment
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10034, Czech Republic; Eye Clinic, Somich, Karlovy Vary 36006, Czech Republic, Studeny Pavel , Nemcokova Martina ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10034, Czech Republic, Klimesova Yun-Min ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10034, Czech Republic, Krizova Deli ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10034, Czech Republic
Published: November 2022

AIM: To determine the influence of gaps [places where neither the donor’s nor the recipient’s Descemet’s membrane (DM) is present] and overlaps (places where the recipient’s DM is covered by the donor’s DM) on the frequency of postoperative detachment of DM endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) lamellae.
METHODS: Totally 64 eyes of 64 patients with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy or bullous keratopathy indicated for DMEK were randomly divided in two groups. The diameter of the implanted DMEK lamella was the same in both groups (8 mm), but we changed the diameter of the removed recipient DM. In the first group (32 eyes), the circular area was approximately 8.5 mm (gaps); in the second group (32 eyes), the diameter was 7.5 mm (overlaps). Postoperatively we noted all cases of detachment visible on the slit lamp and these cases we indicated for rebubbling. We also measured the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) as well as corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) in decimal and postoperative endothelial cell density (ECD). The minimum follow-up time was 6mo.
RESULTS: The number of rebubbling procedures in the entire group of patients was 13, i.e., 20.3%, with 6 eyes (18.7%) in the gap group, and 7 eyes (21.9%) in the overlap group. Lamella replacement (re-DMEK) was required in 3 (gap group) and 2 patients (overlap group), respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically insignificant. The UDVA was 0.54±0.21 in the gap group and 0.58±0.24 in the overlap group. The CDVA was 0.74±0.22 and 0.80±0.16, respectively. ECD was 1920±491 and 2149±570 cells/mm2. The small differences between both groups were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: We do not notice any difference in the group of patients with overlaps or gaps of DM. The presence of small areas of gaps or overlaps does not affect the frequency of detachment of the DMEK lamellae.
Evaluation of the learning curve of laser peripheral iridectomy: the 20th case reaches the turning point
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Liu Yao , Zuo Cheng-Guo ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Liao Yun-Ru ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Ren Jia-Wei ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lin Hui-Shan ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Gao Xin-Bo ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lin Ming-Kai ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: November 2022

AIM: To explore the learning curve for ophthalmologists at the start of laser peripheral iridectomy (LPI) training.
METHODS: The learning curve of 4 doctor groups without previous LPI experience was studied. Three main parameters of LPI were reviewed: total energy, argon energy and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) energy. Procedures were evaluated in cohorts of 20 cases to identify the turning points of the three variables.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in terms of age or eye among the 4 doctor groups. There were stable trends on the learning curve for the Doctor A and C groups regarding total energy and argon energy. In addition, the turning points on the learning curve were determined after the 20th procedure for the Doctor B and D groups regarding total energy and argon energy. Moreover, the Nd:YAG energy was relatively stable since the first procedure.
CONCLUSION: It requires approximately 20 procedures for a beginner to reach a turning point on the learning curve regarding LPI. It can serve as a point of reference or guideline for training beginners to perform LPI.
Simultaneous screening and classification of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration based on fundus photos—a prospective analysis of the RetCAD system
Authors:   University Clinic Eppendorf Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany, Skevas Christos , Levering Max ,   University Clinic Eppendorf Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany, Engelberts Jonne ,   Thirona B.V., Toernooiveld 300 6525 EC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Grinsven Mark van ,   Thirona B.V., Toernooiveld 300 6525 EC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Katz Toam ,   University Clinic Eppendorf Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany
Published: November 2022

AIM: To assess the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) based software (RetCAD, Thirona, The Netherlands) to identify and grade age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) simultaneously based on fundus photos.
METHODS: This prospective study included 1245 eyes of 630 patients attending an ophthalmology day-care clinic. Fundus photos were acquired and parallel graded by the RetCAD AI software and by an expert reference examiner for image quality, and staging of AMD and DR. Adjudication was provided by a second expert examiner in case of disagreement between the AI software and the reference examiner. Statistical analysis was performed on eye-level and on patient-level, by summarizing the individual image level-gradings into and eye-level or patient-level score, respectively. The performance of the RetCAD system was measured using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and sensitivity and specificity for both AMD and DR were reported.
RESULTS: The RetCAD achieved an area under the ROC (Az) of 0.926 with a sensitivity of 84.6% at a specificity of 84.0% for image quality. On image level, the RetCAD software achieved Az values of 0.964 and 0.961 with sensitivity/specificity pairs of 98.2%/79.1% and 83.9%/93.3% for AMD and DR, respectively. On patient level, the RetCAD software achieved Az values of 0.960 and 0.948 with sensitivity/specificity pairs of 97.3%/73.3% and 80.0%/90.1% for AMD and DR, respectively. After adjudication by the second expert examiner sensitivity/specificity increases on patient-level to 98.6%/78.3% and 100.0%/92.3% for AMD and DR, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The RetCAD offers very good sensitivity and specificity compared to manual grading by experts and is in line with that obtained by similar automated grading systems. The RetCAD AI software enables simultaneous grading of both AMD and DR based on the same fundus photos. Its sensitivity may be adjusted according to the desired acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Its simplicity cloud base integration allows cost-effective screening where routine expert evaluation may be limited.
Fenofibrate for the prevention of progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: review, consensus recommendations and guidance for clinical practice
Authors:   Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor 40790, Malaysia; Hospital Shah Alam, Selangor 40000, Malaysia, Ngah Nor Fariza , Aziz Roslin Azni Abdul ,   Hospital Shah Alam, Selangor 40000, Malaysia, Mohamed Shelina Oli ,   Hospital Shah Alam, Selangor 40000, Malaysia, Tarmizi Nor Azita Ahmad ,   Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia, Adnan Azian ,   Hospital Selayang, Selangor 68100, Malaysia, Asnir Zalifah Zakiah ,   Hospital Ampang, Selangor 68000, Malaysia, Hussein Zanariah ,   Hospital Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya 62250, Malaysia, Siew Hui Foo ,   Hospital Selayang, Selangor 68100, Malaysia, Mohamed Masni ,   Hospital Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya 62250, Malaysia, Lodz Noor Aliza ,   Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor 40790, Malaysia, Valayatham Vijayamala ,   Hospital Ampang, Selangor 68000, Malaysia
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and associated morbidity is high in the Asia-Pacific region. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for fenofibrate in the prevention of progression of DR, especially in patients with cardiovascular risk, and pre-existing mild-to-moderate DR. Fenofibrate has also been found to reduce maculopathy, and the need for laser treatment in these patients. Considering these benefits of fenofibrate, a group of experts from the fields of endocrinology and ophthalmology convened in May 2017, to discuss on the the mechanism of action, and clinical efficacy of fenofibrate in DR. The findings from key clinical studies on fenofibrate in DR were reviewed by the experts, and consensus statements were derived to define the role of fenofibrate in the prevention and treatment of DR. The statements were rated based on the GRADE criteria. An algorithm was also developed for the screening and treatment of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the place of fenofibrate was defined in the algorithm. The expert recommendations, and the algorithm provided in this review will serve as a guide to the clinicians to reconsider the adjunctive use of fenofibrate for preventing the progression of DR in selected T2D patients.
Nanopore techniques as a potent tool in the diagnosis and treatment of endophthalmitis: a literature review
Authors:   Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China, Li Zi-Yue , Jin Wei ,   Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
Published: November 2022

Endophthalmitis is a serious ophthalmic disease characterized by changes in the eye’s posterior segment, such as hypopyon and intraocular inflammation, vitritis being a hallmark. Infection-caused endophthalmitis can lead to irreversible vision loss, accompanied by eye pain or eye distention, and in the most severe cases the removal of the eyeball. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites typically account for the disease and the entry pathways of the microbial can be divided into either endogenous or exogenous approaches, according to the origin of the etiological agents. Exogenous endophthalmitis can be derived from various occasions (such as post-operative complications or trauma) while endogenous endophthalmitis results from the bloodstream which carries pathogens to the eye. This review aims to summarize the application of new technology in pathogen identification of endophthalmitis so as to prevent the disease and better guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
A simple technique for suprachoroidal space injection of triamcinolone acetonide in treatment of macular edema
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200001, China, Zhang Dan-Dan , Zhu Dong-Qing ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200001, China
Published: November 2022

AIM: To introduce a simple resistance controlled suprachoroidal space (SCS) injection technique using a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 mL syringe and evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of this technique in the treatment of macular edema.
METHODS: A total of 20 patients with various types of macular edema were subjected to a resistance controlled SCS injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 mL syringe. This technique allows the easy and smooth injection of the TA only once the tip of the needle reached the potential SCS which was indicated by the lower resistance on the plunger. The main outcome measures were anterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) measurements post-operation immediately and central subfield thickness (CST), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements at 3mo post-operation.
RESULTS: AS-OCT examination showed the expansion of the SCS near the injection site immediately after SCS injection. At three months of follow-up, as compared to the baseline, the mean CST was significantly decreased from?535.0±157.24 to 319.55±127.30 μm (P?<?0.001), the mean BCVA was significantly improved from 1.05±0.41 to 0.73±0.41 logMAR (P<0.001), and the mean IOP was not significantly different, from 15.05?±?2.54? to 15.85?±?3.60 mm Hg (P=0.185). Any complication related to the injection procedure including cataract, choroidal and retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or endophthalmitis was not observed in this study.
CONCLUSION: The simple and minimally invasive technique of SCS injection of TA with a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 mL syringe is useful and applicable for macular edema.
Particularidades de la transferencia metálica y la aplicación de corriente pulsada en soldadura submarina
Authors: Castellanos-González Orlando Mauricio , Rodríguez-Arias Ariel , Moreno-Uribe Andrés Mauricio , Jácome-Carrascal José Leonardo
Published: November 2022

En este trabajo son expuestos los tipos de transferencia metálica presentes en soldadura a arco eléctrico con alambre tubular y las principales características de la técnica de corriente pulsada aplicada en soldadura submarina húmeda. Para esto, fue fundamental recopilar y analizar la información de diferentes investigaciones, condensadas en artículos de carácter técnico-científico. Este documento se divide en dos secciones: en un primer momento, se dilucida el efecto que tienen los parámetros y condiciones del proceso, sobre el tipo de transferencia de metal. Además, es presentada la aplicación de la corriente pulsada, y su efecto sobre el control del tamaño de las gotas de metal, así como su frecuencia y modo de desprendimiento desde el electrodo, hasta el charco de soldadura.
Study of the humidity effect on the mechanical properties of PVOH+H3PO2/TiO2 proton exchange membranes
Authors: Combarizao Nadia , Diosa-Astaiza Jesus Evelio , Peña-Lara Diego
Published: November 2022

The elastic modulus of polymeric membranes based on PVOH + H3PO2 + TiO2 was studied as a function of relative humidity (%RH) and the volumetric fraction of water. Tensile stress-strain tests (nominal stress) were performed to determine Young's modulus, yield strength, break stress, and strain stress at a constant speed of 10 mm/min. The membrane’s acid concentration was kept constant at the molar concentration of high proton conduction P/OH = 0.3, and they were separated into two test groups, 5 wt. %TiO2 fillers, and without TiO2. For relative humidity between 8 and 94% RH, the membranes with TiO2 show an improvement in the elastic modulus concerning those without TiO2 doping, but they have no significant difference at 100% RH, under a confidence level of 95%. In general, the data analysis indicates that the mechanical properties and the electrical properties of the membranes previously reported are directly related to the absorption of water contained in the hydrophilic groups that expand during swelling. In contrast, the hydrophobic solid-like polymer backbone and the TiO2 nanoparticle fillers maintain structural stability.
LEVANTAMENTO BATIMÉTRICO DO AÇUDE PARAÍSO SÃO FRANCISCO – PB
Authors: Guimarães Carlos Lamarque , Ribeiro George do Nascimento , Vieira Lucílio José de Santos
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo mostrar os resultados obtidos no levantamento batimétrico automatizado efetuado no açude Paraíso (São Francisco), no mês de dezembro de 2005, assim como apresentar o seu volume armazenado calculado a partir desse levantamento, o espelho de água e elaborar a nova cota X área X volume.
THE MAIN FORMS OF EXISTENCE OF IDEOLOGY IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Komleva Natalia A.
Published: November 2022

Aim. To study the key forms of the existence and functioning of ideology in modern Russian society.

Methodology. The main methods of research are systematic, comparative, and phenomenological.

Results. There are de facto two main forms of ideology in modern Russia. This is the official ideology, the ideology of dominant social groups, which is liberalism (but at the same time there is no de jure official ideology in Russia and there cannot be), and the catacomb ideology inherent in social groups that do not occupy key positions in the economic and political life of the country, which is conservatism. The full-fledged existence and manifestation of conservative ideology in all forms inherent in the official ideology depends to the greatest extent on these groups gaining real dominance or, more likely, real co-dominance in the economic and political systems of society.

Research implications. The results of the study make a certain contribution to political theory, and are important for forecasting modern Russia’s political development.
An Integrated Simulation-Optimization Approach for Dynamic Design of the Urban Wastewater Collection Systems
Authors: GHOLAMİ Abbas , DURGUT Pınar Gökçe , AYVAZ M. Tamer
Published: November 2022

In this study, a simulation-optimization approach is proposed for dynamic design of the urban wastewater collection systems. The proposed approach consists of the mutual integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and the heuristic Harmony Search (HS) optimization approach. Unlike the previous approaches developed to solve wastewater collection system design problems, the proposed approach simulates the hydraulic flow process by considering unsteady state flow conditions based on the dynamic wave model. The objective of the HS-based optimization model is to determine the pipe slopes so that the total system cost is minimized. After determining the pipe slopes, the corresponding pipe diameters were determined by developing an internal solution approach. All the physical and managerial constraints that should be considered during the search process have been considered by means of the penalty function approach. The applicability of the proposed approach was evaluated by solving two example problems. Identified results indicated that the proposed approach can effectively solve the dynamic design problems of the wastewater collection systems.
Oscillations of Cutting Tool as a Useful Effect in Turning and Drillingm
Authors: Vasilko Karol , Murčinková Zuzana
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the fixtures with movably mounted turning and drilling cutting tools. The fixtures were developed on the principle of oscillating tooltip similar to the principle of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining process. However, presented fixtures do not need an electricity source and utilize mainly forced and self-excited oscillations. In general, the tool vibrations during the cutting process are recognized as a negative phenomenon as it causes a shortening of the tool life and worsens the roughness of the machined surfaces. However, a deeper understanding of the cutting process proposes possible positive effects of tool vibration in terms of chip shapes, flank wear, chip volume coefficient, and quality of the machined surface. Experimentally obtained dependence of mentioned quantities is provided in the paper.
Evaluation of Selected Parameters after Abrasive Water Jet Cutting of Wood Plastic Composite
Authors: Mitaľová Zuzana , Botko František , Litecká Juliána , Mitaľ Dušan
Published: November 2022

Paper deals with cutting of composite material with natural reinforcement by AWJ (Abrasive Water Jet). The samples were cut with four different abrasive mass flow (from 150-300 g.min-1) and different traverse speeds (depending on the required cut quality Q according standard list). SN 214001 standard is used for evaluating of one selected parameter – edge radius (rk) by used a digital microscope. After the cutting, the weight loss/gain of the samples of the individual sets are also evaluated and conclusions formulated.
Lecturer Performance and its Determining Factors in a Blended Learning System During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Restu Restu , Sriadhi Sriadhi
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine lecturer performance in the implementation of blended learning and analyzes the effect of the main influencing variables. The study was conducted at the State University of Medan. The results show that ICT capability has a positive effect on lecturer performance either directly or through learning materials and LMS. Learning materials significantly affect the performance of lecturers, but this is not the case with LMS. Learning planning has a significant effect on lecturer performance even though learning resource support is not significant. The main determinants of lecturer performance are leadership, learning planning, and learning materials.
An Automated Essay Scoring Based on Neural Networks to Predict and Classify Competence of Examinees in Community Academy
Authors: Asto Buditjahjanto I Gusti Putu , Idhom Mohammad , Munoto Munoto , Samani Muchlas
Published: November 2022

AES has been widely used in assessing student learning outcomes. However, few studies use Automated Essay Scoring (AES) to simultaneously determine the community academy's competency test scores and levels. This study aims to apply AES to assess essays on the competency certification test. The AES can predict the examinees' scores and classify examinees' competency levels. The method used to build AES uses Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN). BPNN was chosen because of its simplicity and ease in building the model. The results showed that the AES for predicting the examinee's competency value showed the MAE value is 0.061621 and the accuracy value is = 97.9665 %. The results of the classification of student competency levels show Accuracy= 0.9063, Precision= 0.9167, Recall= 0.8888, and F1 Score= 0.8857.
Substance of Constitutional Law for Getting Free Higher Education in Contemporary Russia
Authors:   Saratov State University, Demanova S. V.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with determination of concept and substance of constitutional law for receiving free higher professional education in modern Russia; reveals warrants of this law on the basis of analysis of educational legislation and law enforcement practice.
To the Question of Russian President’s Power of Clemency
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kryuchkova E.A.
Published: November 2022

The main topic of the article is President’s constitutional power in a sphere of person’s legal status, in particular clemency. Also the sphere of clemency is partly regulated by local laws. Federal and regional executive and legislative bodies like clemency comissions and Constitutional rights department of President’s Administration contribute to implementaion of President’s power of clemency. In the article the author formulates legislative improvements that will set up legal bounds of President’s power of clemency.
Natural Duties of the Person: a Myth or a Reality?
Authors:   Saratov State University, Panov A.P.
Published: November 2022

Article is devoted research of a question of existence of the so-called «natural duties» allocated by analogy to the natural rights. The author considers hypothetically existing «natural duties» of the person from the point of view of criterion of their objectivity and presence at the person from a birth. The question of interdependency the natural rights and «natural duties» of the person is mentioned also.
Forms of Monopoly in Modern Russian Economy
Authors:   Saratov State University, Porezanova E. V.
Published: November 2022

The article describes types of monopolies in the modern economy of Russia, analyzes factors that affect their functioning, investigates cooperative interactions, as well as the hidden processes of concentration in the economy and pattern of interactions cartel.
Function and Importance of Service Industry in the Process of Evaluation of the Social Level of Living
Authors:   Institute of Business Development and Strategies of Saratov State Technical University, Voronina N. A.
Published: November 2022

The author considers the methodical problems concerning the social standards of living. Special attention is given to the effects of the service industry activity on the index of development of human potential. Nonmonetaized indication – precisely, share of people employed in this particular industry – is offered as an indication for calculation of the results of the service industry activity.
Theoretic-Methodology Aspects of the Corporate Governance
Authors:   Saratov State University, Levanova L. N.
Published: November 2022

The paper is about different view points of conception «corporate governance». There are several definition of the «corporate governance» category, of the different scientists. The author analyses it’s and propose fallowing methodology aspects of the corporate governance: strategic, lows, social, institutes, integral, value aspects and economics aspect.
Cluster Analysis of Food Shops Location in a Polycentric City
Authors:   Saratov State University, Balash O. S. , Balash V.A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: November 2022

The article considers the problems of food and commodity shops location in Saratov as well as their space clustererization.
About the Economic Indicator’s Approximation by Method Based at the P. L. Chebyshev’s Investigations and it’s Generalizing
Authors:   Saratov State University, Vigodchikova I.Y.
Published: November 2022

This paper is devoted to the uniform method of economic indicator’s approximation based at the P. L. Chebyshev’s investigations.
The Review of Existing Approaches to Monitoring of Investment Activity
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu. A., Plotnikov A. N. , Plotnikov D. А. ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu. A.
Published: November 2022

The paper discusses the theoretical and methodological issues of monitoring. Approaches to monitoring the investment activities. Investments of a various kind, distinctive signs of projects, their stages are considered. Disclosure of know-how of design technology. Explored the use of design technologies for investment.
The Basic Methods of the Control System of Preparation and Implementation of Strategic Decisions
Authors:   Moscow Humanitarian University, Borisenko V.P.
Published: November 2022

The basic methods used at the stages of preparation, strategic decisionmaking, forecasting sales (prediction) of strategic decisions and the implementation phase of the strategy are considered. Implementing of a strategy, the following used methods are classified and described: the organizational management of stakeholders, the implementation of the strategy, building teams support, personnel training, prevention of resistance, increase of effectiveness of the system of links, searching the corrective actions, monitoring, strategic management accounts, valuation and performance evaluation of business.
Forms of Public Control in Judicial System of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Saratov State University, Berdnikova E. V.
Published: November 2022

In article features of realization of public control over functioning of courts in the Russian Federation are considered, the characteristic of forms of control of citizens and the institutes of a civil society used for maintenance of an openness of activity of judicial system is given.
Osmanlı Toplum Hayatından Fetvalara Yansıyan Boşama Yeminleri, İhlaller ve Müftülerin Önerdiği Hukuki Çareler (16.-18. Yüzyıllar)
Authors: MİDİLLİ Muharrem
Published: November 2022

Bu makale Osmanlı toplum hayatından fetvalara yansıyan boşama yeminlerine, yemin ihlallerine ve yeminleri iptal etmek üzere müftülerin önerdiği hukuki çarelere odaklanmaktadır. Amaç müftülere danışılan meselelerden hareketle Osmanlı toplum hayatında boşama yemininin kullanım alanlarını, meydana getirdiği evlilik içi-dışı sorunları ve bu sorunların giderilme yollarını göstermektir. Makalede veri kaynağı olarak kullanılan fetvalar 16.-18. yüzyıllarda Anadolu ve Rumeli’de görev yapmış Hanefî müftülere bizzat sorulanlarla sınırlandırılmıştır. Makale birçoğu yazma olarak bulunan mecmualarda yer alan fetvaları temel veri kaynağı olarak kullanan bir hukuk tarihi çalışmasıdır. Hanefî hukuk geleneğinde şartlı boşamanın bir tür yemin olarak kabul edilmesi Osmanlı toplum hayatında boşama tasarrufunun ötesinde farklı amaçlarla kullanılmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Çok sayıda fetva göstermektedir ki boşama yemini aile içinde bazen kocanın karısını kısıtlama ve terbiye etme aracı, bazen Hanefî mezhebinin kadın aleyhine mağduriyet oluşturabilecek kimi kurallarına karşı alınan bir tedbirdir. Boşama yemini toplum hayatında kişisel kararları pekiştirmek için kullanılmış, borç ilişkilerinde sıklıkla sözlü teminat olarak işlev görmüş ve otorite sahiplerinin kişilere baskı kurmasına imkân vermiştir. Boşama yeminlerinin ihlal edilmesi birçok durumda ciddi ailevi sorunlara neden olacaktı. Bu nedenle Osmanlı müftüleri yeminleri iptal etmek üzere bazı hukuki çareler önermişlerdir. Bu çareler genellikle vekâlet, fuzûlî nikâh ve eşi boşamak-yemini bozmak-eşi yeniden nikâhlamaktır. Makale bu bulguların dayandığı çok sayıda fetvayı Hanefî hukuk öğretisi eşliğinde betimlemekte ve yorumlamaktadır.
La acción de corrección de acuerdos ilegales o abusivos en la junta de accionistas de la sociedad anónima en la legislación chilena
Authors: Manterola Pablo
Published: November 2022

El artículo analiza la corrección de acuerdos de la junta de accionistas como un remedio frente a sus decisiones ilegales o abusivas, explora sus características y determina en qué casos proveería una solución adecuada al conflicto entre mayoría y minoría de accionistas. Asimismo, indaga la admisibilidad de la acción de corrección de acuerdos en la ley chilena, y describe algunos de sus aspectos procesales.