bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Il nous présenta de la liqueur’: An Alimentary Reading of Drinking, Manipulation and Education in Le Rideau levé, ou L’Éducation de Laure (1786)
Authors: Ellis Catherine
Published: April 2024

In Le Rideau levé, ou L’Éducation de Laure (1786), Mirabeau’s heroine describes the erotic, philosophical and scientific education she receives from her stepfather, in which she learns how to manage her sexual appetites and her bodily hygiene and learns the ethics and practical application of erotic pleasure. One of the principles her father claims underpin her education is that of respecting others’ autonomy and treating them as one would like to be treated. Yet a symbolic and historicized reading of drinking within the text, exploring key scenes through the bottom of the glass, reveals that Laure’s libertine chemist father uses apparently benign social rituals and staged pleasure to manipulate others from the inside out. Far from being radical, by overriding others’ autonomy Laure’s father cultivates an educational project rooted in cruelty and traditional, patriarchal hierarchies.
Malignancy rates in thyroid nodules classified as benign according to the nodule size threshold of 4 cm
Authors: Aydoğdu Yunushan Furkan , Gülçek Emre , Büyükkasap Çağrı , Dikmen Kürşat
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
Aim: The false negative rate of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in large thyroid nodules ranges from 7.7% to 53%. The treatment of nodules that are 4 cm or larger is controversial because of the potential for false-negative FNAB results. In order to make treatment recommendations for nodules ≥4 cm in size, we compared the results of preoperative FNAB with thyroid surgery specimens.
Materials and Methods: We evaluated patients who underwent thyroid surgery and had preoperative FNAB between 2017 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on nodule size (
Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on the first inter-monsoon rainfall over Sri Lanka in the post-El Niño years
Authors: Ranaweera K. R. K. D. Nadeeka , Kamae Youichi
Published: April 2024

Sri Lanka has a tropical monsoon climate. The first intermonsoon (FIM) season is one of four rainfall seasons. Previous investigations have explored the concurrent ramifications of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO); however, its impact on seasonal rainfall patterns in the country in the post-El Niño years remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate anomalous FIM rainfall in Sri Lanka during the post-El Niño years. Weather station rainfall data from the Department of Meteorology for 114 stations for 1975–2019, Japanese 55-year reanalysis data, and COBE sea surface temperature data were used in this study. A significant negative correlation between rainfall at most stations and the preceding year’s November, December, and January Niño3.4 index (NDJ Niño3.4) was identified for the FIM season. All three super El Niño events and one of the two strong El Niño events agree with the above results, showing a clear negative rainfall anomaly pattern. The Indo-western Pacific Ocean Capacitor effect was identified as the cause of rainfall reduction during the FIM season in Sri Lanka and in contrast, the post-El Niño season in 1988 exhibited a positive rainfall anomaly. A rapid transition from El Niño to La Niña and the associated atmospheric conditions were identified as significant contributors to these features. The findings of this study will help overcome this research gap and improve the accuracy of seasonal forecasts for the country.
The relative potential contribution of volume load and vascular mechanisms to hypertension in non-dialysis and dialysis chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Tade Grace , Hsu Hon-Chun , Robinson Chanel , Dlongolo Noluntu , Teckie Gloria , Solomon Ahmed , Dessein Patrick Hector
Published: April 2024

Background

Hypertension is highly prevalent and particularly difficult to treat adequately in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The relative contribution of volume overload and vascular mechanisms to blood pressure measures in CKD and whether these effects differ in non-dialysis compared to dialysis patients is unknown.

Methods

We determined the potential impact of volume load (stroke volume) and vascular mechanisms (inverse of total arterial compliance (inv TAC) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)) on mean and brachial and aortic systolic blood pressures in 67 non-dialysis and 48 dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Relationships were determined in confounder adjusted regression models.

Results

Stroke volume (p value = 0.003) was more strongly associated with mean arterial pressure than SVR (p value = 0.9) (p value for difference = 0.03). When stroke volume and SVR were entered in the same regression model (model R2 = 0.324), they contributed equally to the variation in mean arterial pressure (p value for difference = 0.5). Stroke volume (p value ≤ 0.002) and inv TAC (p value ≤ 0.001) contributed equally to the variation in systolic pressures (p value for difference ≥ 0.9). When stroke volume and inv TAC were entered in the same regression model (model R2 = 0.752 to 0.765), they contributed equally to the variation in systolic blood pressures (p value for difference = 0.7). Stroke volume, TAC and SVR were similar (p value ≥ 0.5) and associated to the same extent with blood pressure measures in non-dialysis and dialysis CKD patients (p value for difference ≥ 0.1). In receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, elevated systolic blood pressure was determined by stroke volume (p value = 0.005) and inv TAC (p value = 0.03) but not SVR (p value = 0.8). The calculated power of the study was 0.999 based on α = 0.05.

Conclusions

The present investigation suggests that both volume load and vascular mechanisms should be considered in the management of hypertension among patients with CKD. The extent and relative potential impact of volume load and vascular mechanisms on blood pressure measures are as large in non-dialysis compared to dialysis CKD patients.
Causal associations of male infertility with stroke: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Yutian , Xin Xiyan , Yu Ziyang , Guan Siqi , Wang Jingshang , Liu Qiuning , Dong Lei , Ye Yang
Published: April 2024

Background

Stroke is a devastating global health issue, with high mortality and disability rates. The increasing prevalence of male infertility among reproductive-aged men has become a growing concern worldwide. However, the relationship between male infertility and stroke incidence remains uncertain. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by employing a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Method

Utilizing genetic instrumental variables derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on male infertility and stroke, a two-sample MR design was implemented. Five different analysis methods, with inverse-variance weighted as the primary approach, were used to examine the genetic causal associations between male infertility and various stroke subtypes. Heterogeneity analysis, pleiotropy tests, and leave-one-out validation were conducted to assess heterogeneity, evaluate pleiotropy, and ensure the robustness of the findings.

Result

The results indicate a potential lower risk of small vessel stroke associated with male infertility (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.82, 0.68 to 0.99, p=0.044), although no significant impact on other stroke subtypes was observed. The study exhibited low heterogeneity and no apparent pleiotropy; however, the stability of the results was not optimal.

Conclusion

Male infertility might potentially confer a protective effect against small vessel stroke risk. Caution is warranted due to potential confounding factors. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings and provide further validation.
Protective effect of higher free thyroxine levels within the reference range on biliary tract cancer risk: a multivariable mendelian randomization and mediation analysis
Authors: Chen Yuxian , Dong Hao , Qu Baozhen , Ma Xuezhen , Lu LinLin
Published: April 2024

Background

Hepatobiliary cancer (HBC), including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC), is currently one of the malignant tumors that mainly cause human death. Many HBCs are diagnosed in the late stage, which increases the disease burden, indicating that effective prevention strategies and identification of risk factors are urgent. Many studies have reported the role of thyroid hormones on HBC. Our research aims to assess the causal effects and investigate the mediation effects between thyroid function and HBC.

Methods

Utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, the study employs single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) to explore causal links between thyroid function [free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism] and HBC. Data were sourced from the ThyroidOmic consortium and FinnGen consortium. The analysis included univariable and multivariable MR analysis, followed by mediation analysis.

Results

The study found a significant causal association between high FT4 levels and the reduced risk of BTC, but not HCC. However, TSH, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism had no causal associations with the risk of HBC. Notably, we also demonstrated that only higher FT4 levels with the reference range (FT4-RR) could reduce the risk of BTC because this protective effect no longer existed under the conditions of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Finally, we found that the protective effect of FT4-RR on BTC was mediated partially by decreasing the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reducing the waist circumference (WC).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that higher FT4-RR may have a protective effect against BTC, which is partially mediated by decreased risk of MetS and a reduction in WC. This study highlights the potential role of FT4 in the pathogenesis of BTC and underscores that MetS and WC may play mediation effects as two mediators in this process.
Development and validation of an MRI-Based nomogram to predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy for brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Junhao , Wang Peiliang , Li Yikun , Shi Xiaonan , Yin Tianwen , Yu Jinming , Teng Feifei
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The variability and unpredictability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating brain metastases (BMs) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main concern. We assessed the utility of novel imaging biomarkers (radiomics) for discerning patients with NSCLC and BMs who would derive advantages from ICIs treatment.

Methods

Data clinical outcomes and pretreatment magnetic resonance images (MRI) were collected on patients with NSCLC with BMs treated with ICIs between June 2019 and June 2022 and divided into training and test sets. Metastatic brain lesions were contoured using ITK-SNAP software, and 3748 radiomic features capturing both intra- and peritumoral texture patterns were extracted. A clinical radiomic nomogram (CRN) was built to evaluate intracranial progression-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival. The prognostic value of the CRN was assessed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests.

Results

In the study, a total of 174 patients were included, and 122 and 52 were allocated to the training and validation sets correspondingly. The intratumoral radiomic signature, peritumoral radiomic signature, clinical signature, and CRN predicted intracranial objective response rate. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed a significantly longer intracranial progression-free survival in the low-CRN group than in the high-CRN group (p < 0.001). The CRN was also significantly associated with progression-free survival (p < 0.001) but not overall survival.

Discussion

Radiomics biomarkers from pretreatment MRI images were predictive of intracranial response. Pretreatment radiomics may allow the early prediction of benefits.
Specific antigens in malignancy-associated membranous nephropathy
Authors: Hu Xiaoying , Wang Guoqin , Cheng Hong
Published: April 2024

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerular disease mediated by autoimmune complex deposition, with approximately 30% of cases attributed to secondary causes. Among them, malignant tumors are a significant cause of secondary MN. Recent advancements in the identification of MN-specific antigens, such as THSD7A and NELL-1, suggest a potential association with malignant tumors, yet definitive proof of this relationship remains elusive. Therefore, this article aims to review the distribution of MN-specific antigens in patients with MN caused by malignant tumors and the possible role of these antigens in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Gender effect of glucose, insulin/glucagon ratio, lipids, and nitrogen-metabolites on serum HGF and EGF levels in patients with diabetes type 2
Authors: Contreras-Zentella Martha Lucinda , Alatriste-Contreras Martha Gabriela , Suárez-Cuenca Juan Antonio , Hernández-Muñoz Rolando
Published: April 2024

Graphical Abstract

Interactions and correlations between metabolites, pancreatic hormones, and growth factors. Note the gender differences, frequently opposite among metabolites, insulin and glucagon with growth factors, as well as the effect of metabolic disturbances induced by Diabetes type 2. The size of the arrows indicates the strength of the correlation and the direction whether the correlation was straight or inverse.
Hippocampal neuroimmune response in mice undergoing serial daily torpor induced by calorie restriction
Authors: Cogut Valeria , Goris Maaike , Jansma Aukje , van der Staaij Marrit , Henning Robert H.
Published: April 2024

Hibernating animals demonstrate a remarkable ability to withstand extreme physiological brain changes without triggering adverse neuroinflammatory responses. While hibernators may offer valuable insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms inherent to hibernation, studies using such species are constrained by the limited availability of molecular tools. Laboratory mice may serve as an alternative, entering states of hypometabolism and hypothermia similar to the torpor observed in hibernation when faced with energy shortage. Notably, prolonged calorie restriction (CR) induces serial daily torpor patterns in mice, comparable to species that utilize daily hibernation. Here, we examined the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus of male C57BL/6 mice undergoing serial daily torpor induced by a 30% CR for 4 weeks. During daily torpor episodes, CR mice exhibited transient increases in TNF-α mRNA expression, which normalized upon arousal. Concurrently, the CA1 region of the hippocampus showed persistent morphological changes in microglia, characterized by reduced cell branching, decreased cell complexity and altered shape. Importantly, these morphological changes were not accompanied by evident signs of astrogliosis or oxidative stress, typically associated with detrimental neuroinflammation. Collectively, the adaptive nature of the brain’s inflammatory response to CR-induced torpor in mice parallels observations in hibernators, highlighting its value for studying the mechanisms of brain resilience during torpor. Such insights could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in stroke and neurodegenerative disorders in humans.
Short-term hyperoxia-induced functional and morphological changes in rat hippocampus
Authors: Hencz Alexandra Julia , Magony Andor , Thomas Chloe , Kovacs Krisztina , Szilagyi Gabor , Pal Jozsef , Sik Attila
Published: April 2024

Excess oxygen (O2) levels may have a stimulating effect, but in the long term, and at high concentrations of O2, it is harmful to the nervous system. The hippocampus is very sensitive to pathophysiological changes and altered O2 concentrations can interfere with hippocampus-dependent learning and memory functions. In this study, we investigated the hyperoxia-induced changes in the rat hippocampus to evaluate the short-term effect of mild and severe hyperoxia. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control (21% O2), mild hyperoxia (30% O2), and severe hyperoxia groups (100% O2). The O2 exposure lasted for 60 min. Multi-channel silicon probes were used to study network oscillations and firing properties of hippocampal putative inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Neural damage was assessed using the Gallyas silver impregnation method. Mild hyperoxia (30% O2) led to the formation of moderate numbers of silver-impregnated “dark” neurons in the hippocampus. On the other hand, exposure to 100% O2 was associated with a significant increase in the number of “dark” neurons located mostly in the hilus. The peak frequency of the delta oscillation decreased significantly in both mild and severe hyperoxia in urethane anesthetized rats. Compared to normoxia, the firing activity of pyramidal neurons under hyperoxia increased while it was more heterogeneous in putative interneurons in the cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) and area 3 (CA3). These results indicate that short-term hyperoxia can change the firing properties of hippocampal neurons and network oscillations and damage neurons. Therefore, the use of elevated O2 concentration inhalation in hospitals (i.e., COVID treatment and surgery) and in various non-medical scenarios (i.e., airplane emergency O2 masks, fire-fighters, and high altitude trekkers) must be used with extreme caution.
AARS and CACNA1A mutations: diagnostic insights into a case report of uncommon epileptic encephalopathy phenotypes in two siblings
Authors: Romero Vanessa I. , Sáenz Samantha , Arias-Almeida Benjamín , DiCapua Daniela , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2024

Epilepsy, characterized by recurrent seizures, impacts 70–80% of patients, leading to cognitive deficits. The intricate relationship between seizure control and cognitive impairment remains complex. Epileptic encephalopathy (EE), an intensified form often rooted in genetic factors, is detectable through next-generation sequencing, aiding in precise diagnoses, family counseling, and potential treatment strategies. We present a case involving two sisters with refractory generalized seizures evolving into dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia, and cognitive decline. Despite normal physical exams, abnormal electroencephalogram results consistent with epilepsy were noted. Whole Exome Sequencing identified heterozygous variants in the alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) and Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha 1 (CACNA1A) genes. The AARS variant (c.C2083T, p.R695*) was maternal, while the CACNA1A variant (c.G7400C, p.R2467P) was paternal. Patients A and B exhibited a unique blend of neurological and psychiatric conditions, distinct from common disorders that begin adolescence, like Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Whole Exome Sequencing uncovered an AARS gene and CACNA1A gene, linked to various autosomal dominant phenotypes. Presence in both parents, coupled with familial reports of migraines and seizures, provides insight into accelerated symptom progression. This study underscores the importance of genetic testing in decoding complex phenotypes and emphasizes the value of documenting family history for anticipating related symptoms and future health risks.
Association between dietary inflammation index and albuminuria: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ding Ling , Guo Haipeng , Zhang Chao , Jiang Bo , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2024

Background

The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) is a tool for evaluating the potential for dietary inflammation, and inflammation is a major cause of exacerbation in chronic kidney disease. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between DII and albuminuria.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) after excluding pregnant, minors, and missing data of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and DII were enrolled in our study. Albuminuria was defined as ACR > 30 mg/g. DII was calculated and divided into tertiles. After fully adjusted, multivariate logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to investigate the association between DII and albuminuria.

Results

A total of 22,607 participants including 2,803 (12.40%) with and 19,804 (87.60%) without albuminuria were enrolled in our study. The albuminuria increased with the increasing DII tertiles (Tertile 1: 10.81%; Tertile 2: 12.41%; Tertile 3:13.97%, P < 0.001). After fully adjusting for covariates, multivariate logistic regression showed that the higher the DII, the greater the odds of albuminuria (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00–1.41, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis and interaction test of participants found that the positive correlation between DII and albuminuria was not significantly related to gender, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and eGFR (P for interaction >0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated DII is associated with high odds of albuminuria. Further large-scale prospective studies are still needed to analyze the role of DII in albuminuria.
ONE QUALITY concept: a narrative perspective to unravel nutritional challenges, controversies, and the imperative need of transforming our food systems
Authors: Menta Roberto , Rosso Ginevra , Canzoneri Federico
Published: April 2024

Ensuring a healthy and sustainable diet for all should be a global priority, and to achieve this goal the food system requires substantial changes. Adopting a one-size-fits-all approach is not feasible, and we need to consider the cultural particularities of each geography and not try to export models that work in one place but may be unsustainable in others. Our discussion will center on two key aspects within this overarching process: (a) the combination of a rigorous evidence-based approach with existing or proposed Nutritional Guidelines and policies required to realize the “ONE HEALTH” and “ONE QUALITY” concepts. Examining the Mediterranean diet and the latest findings on saturated fats will aid us in comprehending the necessary paradigm shift required to formulate new guidelines with substantial impact in preventing the rising prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases worldwide; (b) the adequacy and scope of the data bank necessary to develop a global, science-based approach.
Pathological complete response in a patient with pleural mesothelioma treated with immunotherapy: a case report
Authors: Faccioli Eleonora , Grosso Federica , Dell’Amore Andrea , Delfanti Sara , Zambello Giovanni , Cerbone Luigi , Canu Gianluca , De Angelis Antonina , Sambataro Viola , Pezzuto Federica , Barbieri Paola , Pasello Giulia , Calabrese Fiorella , Rea Federico
Published: April 2024

The role of immunotherapy in the multimodal treatment for pleural mesothelioma (PM) is still under investigation, particularly in the preoperative setting. Pathological complete response (pCR) has been previously described after chemotherapy and immunotherapy; however, there is no prior experience reported with immunotherapy alone before surgery. We report the case of a 58-year-old male with biphasic PM treated with immunotherapy, resulting in a major clinical partial response. Following a multidisciplinary evaluation between thoracic surgeons, medical oncologists, pathologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists, the patient underwent surgery with radical intent through a right extended pleurectomy/decortication (eP/D). Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed a pathological Complete Response (pCR). This case supports the feasibility and potential efficacy of combining preoperative immunotherapy with surgery in the management of advanced PM.
Partial root-zone drying combined with nitrogen treatments mitigates drought responses in rice
Authors: Zhao Minhua , Gao Zhihong , Kuang Chunyi , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: April 2024

Drought is a major stress affecting rice yields. Combining partial root-zone drying (PRD) and different nitrogen fertilizers reduces the damage caused by water stress in rice. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we combined treatments with PRD and ammonia:nitrate nitrogen at 0:100 (PRD0:100) and 50:50 (PRD50:50) ratios or PEG and nitrate nitrogen at 0:100 (PEG0:100) ratios in rice. Physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed on rice leaves to identify key genes involved in water stress tolerance under different nitrogen forms and PRD pretreatments. Our results indicated that, in contrast to PRD0:100, PRD50:50 elevated the superoxide dismutase activity in leaves to accelerate the scavenging of ROS accumulated by osmotic stress, attenuated the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, stabilized photosynthesis, and elevated the relative water content of leaves to alleviate the drought-induced osmotic stress. Moreover, the alleviation ability was better under PRD50:50 treatment than under PRD0:100. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses of PRD0:100 vs PRD50:50 revealed that the differences in PRD involvement in water stress tolerance under different nitrogen pretreatments were mainly in photosynthesis, oxidative stress, nitrogen metabolism process, phytohormone signaling, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. Some key genes may play an important role in these pathways, including OsGRX4, OsNDPK2, OsGS1;1, OsNR1.2, OsSUS7, and YGL8. Thus, the osmotic stress tolerance mediated by PRD and nitrogen cotreatment is influenced by different nitrogen forms. Our results provide new insights into osmotic stress tolerance mediated by PRD and nitrogen cotreatment, demonstrate the essential role of nitrogen morphology in PRD-induced molecular regulation, and identify genes that contribute to further improving stress tolerance in rice.
Pentatonic sequences and monaural beats to facilitate relaxation: an EEG study
Authors: Costa Marco , Visentin Chiara , Occhionero Miranda , Tonetti Lorenzo , Prodi Nicola , Natale Vincenzo
Published: April 2024

Introduction

In two studies we investigated if specific acoustic stimulations could be more effective to induce a relaxation response in comparison to silence. Acoustic stimulations included monaural beats and musical sequences based on a pentatonic scale.

Methods

In the first study, 47 participants evaluated monaural beats and pentatonic sequences presented through loudspeakers and varying along three frequencies (0.2, 2, 4 Hz). In the second study, 31 participants relaxed with their eyes closed for 10 min during a passive listening of monaural beats and a pentatonic sequence presented through loudspeakers. A silence condition was introduced as control. All auditory stimuli were designed with a temporal modulation of 0.2 Hz. Concomitant EEG was recorded with a 64-channel system and spectral analysis was performed on delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations to test if each of the three auditory stimulations had a significant effect on EEG spectral power in comparison to silence.

Results

In the first study, pentatonic sequences were evaluated as more pleasant and more relaxing than monaural beats. Pleasantness and relaxation were inversely related to frequency. Visual imagery and emotion induction had higher frequency and were rated with a more positive valence in pentatonic sequences than in monaural beats. In the second study monaural beats in comparison to silence strongly decreased beta and gamma oscillations in the first three minutes and strongly increased theta oscillations in the last three minutes. Pentatonic sequences increased delta, theta, and alpha oscillations in the last three minutes while decreasing beta, and gamma oscillations for the whole auditory stimulation.

Discussion

The results show that auditory signals with a very low temporal modulation (0.2 Hz) could be more effective than silence in inducing a relaxation response. Although 0.2 Hz monaural beats were effective in inducing a relaxation response, they tended to be perceived as unpleasant. Pentatonic sequences could be considered as a better alternative to promote relaxation by auditory stimulation.
Effectiveness of short sprint interval training in women with major depressive disorder: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Ribeiro Jéssica Alves , Schuch Felipe Barreto , Tonello Laís , Meneghel Vargas Kleber F. , Oliveira-Junior Silvio A. , Müller Paulo T. , Boullosa Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background

High-intensity intermittent training has emerged as an option for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). However, short sprint training (sSIT), an efficient HIIT modality, has not been tested yet for this purpose. The sSIT has been proven to induce the same metabolic adaptations, with the advantage of promoting lower muscle fatigue than other HIIT protocols.

Methods

Seventeen adult women diagnosed with moderate/severe MDD were randomly allocated into a sSIT group (n=9) or a control condition (n=8). The sSIT group completed, over two weeks, six 6-10-min sessions which consisted of 3-12 “all out” sprints of 5 s interspersed with low-intensity recovery of 30-45 s. The week before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of 21-itens (HAM-D21), and for physical fitness and incidental physical activity.

Results

The sSIT group exhibited significant improvements for HAM-D21 scores (24.6±8.2 vs. 16.8±10.1), maximum aerobic power (140±15 vs. 155±15 W), countermovement jump (13.0±3.4 vs. 14.9±3.1 cm), % of body fatness (32.4±4.4 vs. 29.3±3.8%), and 4-days number of steps (13,626±11,309 vs. 16,643±15,371) after the training period when compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Less than 1 hour of a sSIT protocol over two weeks have demonstrated to reduce depressive symptoms, while improving aerobic fitness and body composition, and increasing incidental physical activity in a sample of women diagnosed with MDD.
Modulation of time in Parkinson’s disease: a review and perspective on cognitive rehabilitation
Authors: Honma Motoyasu , Terao Yasuo
Published: April 2024

Time cognition is an essential function of human life, and the impairment affects a variety of behavioral patterns. Neuropsychological approaches have been widely demonstrated that Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs time cognitive processing. Many researchers believe that time cognitive deficits are due to the basal ganglia, including the striatum or subthalamic nucleus, which is the pathomechanism of PD, and are considered to produce only transient recovery due to medication effects. In this perspective, we focus on a compensatory property of brain function based on the improved time cognition independent of basal ganglia recovery and an overlapping structure on the neural network based on an improved inhibitory system by time cognitive training, in patients with PD. This perspective may lead to restoring multiple functions through single function training.
Pharmacokinetics of a continuous intravenous infusion of hydromorphone in healthy dogs
Authors: Wimbish Candace , Lynch Alex M. , Knych Heather K. , Ueda Yu , Messenger Kristen M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Dosing recommendations for hydromorphone intravenous constant rate infusion (IV CRI) are derived from simulations following IV bolus administration. While this extrapolated dose regimen has been described clinically, pharmacokinetics (PK) of hydromorphone infusions in dogs are not yet described. The study objective was to describe the PK of hydromorphone in healthy dogs receiving an IV bolus followed by an IV CRI for 48 h.

Methods

A prospective, experimental study was performed involving the administration of hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg IV bolus then IV CRI 0.01 mg/kg/h over a 48 h period) to 6 healthy Beagle dogs. Blood samples were collected at 16 time points between 0 and 58 h relative to the initial bolus. Plasma hydromorphone concentrations were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were obtained with compartmental methods using commercially available software.

Results

A two-compartment model with first order elimination was used. At the end of the infusion, median (range) plasma hydromorphone concentrations were 6.8 (5.5–19.6) ng/mL. The median total body clearance was 30.4 (19.8–36.7) mL/min/kg; volume of distribution at steady state was 4.5 (3.2–7.8) L/kg; and terminal elimination half-life was 11.2 (7.6–24.3) h.

Conclusion

Hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg IV bolus then IV CRI of 0.01 mg/kg/h) maintained steady-state plasma concentrations above the minimum human analgesic target in healthy Beagle dogs with minimal side effects. Further studies are needed to determine the effective plasma concentrations of hydromorphone in painful dogs.
Kidney Transplantation Improves Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Recipients
Authors: de Boer Silke E. , Knobbe Tim. J. , Kremer Daan , van Munster Barbara C. , Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke Gertrude J. , Pol Robert A. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Berger Stefan P. , Sanders Jan Stephan F.
Published: April 2024

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for kidney failure in older patients. However, little is known regarding changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from before to after transplantation and determinants of HRQoL in older kidney transplant recipients (KTR). We studied both, using data of older (≥65 years) patients waitlisted for kidney transplantation and older KTR 1 year after transplantation from the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study. HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. We included 145 older waitlisted patients (68% male, age 70 ± 4 years) and 115 older KTR at 1 year after transplantation (73% male, age 70 ± 4 years). Both mental (48.5 ± 8.4 versus 51.2 ± 7.7, p = 0.009) and physical (47.4 ± 8.5 versus 52.1 ± 7.2, p < 0.001) HRQoL were higher among included KTR, compared to the waitlisted patients. In paired analyses among 46 patients with HRQoL-data both before and after transplantation, there was a trend towards increased mental HRQoL (49.1 ± 8.4 to 51.6 ± 7.5, p = 0.054), and significantly increased physical HRQoL (48.1 ± 8.0 to 52.4 ± 6.7, p = 0.001) after transplantation. Among all assessed factors, the number of patient-reported immunosuppressive drug-related side effects was most strongly negatively associated with both mental and physical HRQoL. In conclusion, HRQoL is significantly higher among older KTR after kidney transplantation compared to older waitlisted patients.
Secrecy Performance of a Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access-Based Space–Air–Ground Integrated Network System with Stochastic Geometry Distribution of Terrestrial Terminals and Fog Absorption in Optical Link
Authors: Wang Xuhui , He Jinyu , Xu Guanjun , Chen Jiajia , Gao Yuhan
Published: April 2024

Recently, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based space–air–ground integrated networks (SAGINs) have gained increasing attention due to their robust communication, broader coverage, and resource-saving advantages. However, it is imperative to consider physical layer security as a crucial performance metric in NOMA-based SAGINs. This study addresses this concern by constructing a NOMA-based free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) dual-hop SAGIN system with eavesdroppers on both links. The two new fading channel models were proposed, considering the FSO link’s fog absorption and the RF link’s stochastic distribution based on Málaga and shadowed Rician distributions. The closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability are derived for the SAGIN system. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to validate the theoretical findings. The results revealed the influence of fog absorption and the stochastic geometry distribution on the SAGIN system.
Tuning the Ballistic Performance of a Single-Burning-Rate Grain Solid Rocket Motor via New Discontinuous Embedded Metal Wires
Authors: Wu Qiu , Ren Quanbin
Published: April 2024

This work proposes a new effective method to realize variable thrust through discontinuous embedded metal wires in the solid rocket motor (SRM). We aimed to study the influence of discontinuous embedded metal wires on the performance of an SRM with a single-burning-rate grain. A model based on convection heat transfer, heat conduction, and heat radiation was established to calculate the heat transfer in the discontinuous embedded metal wires in the grain, to then obtain the burning rate ratio. Most importantly, a solid rocket motor was designed to verify the feasibility of variable thrust and of the present model prediction, with the embedded silver–nickel alloy wire divided into two segments in the grain. According to the SRM ignition experiment, the silver–nickel alloy wires raised the burning rate of the grain. The pressure varied regularly with changes in the discontinuous embedded metal wires. The theoretical burning rate ratio matched the experimental result well. Based on the verified model, the effects of the burning rate, pressure exponent, burning rate ratio, and number of wires on thrust were investigated. Burning rate, burning rate ratio, and pressure exponent were found to be positively correlated with thrust ratio. The thrust ratio could reach 12.5 when the burning rate ratio was 5. The ability to adjust thrust tended to increase with an increase in the number of wires. This study also provided a method to assess whether the consecutive embedded metal wires had been broken or not. The method using discontinuous embedded metal wires in the grain was proven to be feasible to realize multi-thrusts of single-burning-rate grain, which is a new idea for the design of a multi-thrust SRM.
Celebrating Women in Science: Pioneering Contributions to Animal Behaviour and Welfare
Authors: Baumans Vera , Dontas Ismene A. , Van Loo Pascalle L. P.
Published: April 2024

In the scientific domain, women have historically demonstrated their dedication, intellect, and innovative input in relation to animal behaviour and welfare [...]
Effects of Cattle Breeds and Dietary Energy Density on Intake, Growth, Carcass, and Meat Quality under Thai Feedlot Management System
Authors: Nusri-un Jenwit , Kabsuk Jiraporn , Binsulong Bhoowadol , Sommart Kritapon
Published: April 2024

This study determines the effects of varying dietary metabolizable energy densities on Holstein Friesian and Charolais crossbred beef cattle in fattening phases. The research focuses on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Thirty-six steers were used in the feeding trial that lasted for six months according to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (Factor A, cattle breeds (Holstein Frisian, Charolais crossbred); B, metabolizable energy density (10.5, 11.1 and 11.8 MJ/kg DM)) with six replications. The dietary energy density had no interaction with the cattle breeds (p > 0.05). Despite fewer carcass yields, Holstein Friesian crossbreds indicate superior eating quality to Charolais crossbreds on drip loss, meat iron content, and Warner–Bratzler shear force due to increased intramuscular fat content (p < 0.05) with similar meat color (p > 0.05). Increased dietary energy density positively impacts nutrient and energy intake and rumen fermentation (p < 0.05) but did not affect growth and carcass traits (p > 0.05). This research suggests the potential of Holstein Friesian crossbreds for intensive beef production, providing valuable insights into optimal feeding strategies for achieving quality meat outcomes. On-farm feeding trials are needed to develop a practical and economical Thai beef feedlot management system
The Canine Gut Health: The Impact of a New Feed Supplement on Microbiota Composition
Authors: Atuahene David , Zuniga-Chaves Ibrahim , Martello Elisa , Stefanon Bruno , Suen Garret , Balouei Fatemeh , Meineri Giorgia
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to determine the impact of a novel formulation of a supplement composed of the natural ingredients, bromelain, quercetin, and Lentinula edodes, on the gut microbiota of healthy adult dogs. Adult healthy female dogs were administered either a placebo (CTR, n = 15) or the supplement (TRT, n = 15) over 28 days. Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing before supplement administration (T0), at completion of supplement administration (T28), and one week after the end of supplement administration (T35) to characterize changes in the gut microbial communities. QIIME was used to determine both alpha- and beta-diversity, and ANCOM-BC was used to identify differences in taxonomic abundances before and after supplementation. We found a significant decrease in overall diversity in the CTR group but no significant differences in overall diversity in the TRT group over time. Furthermore, we found differences in the abundance of several taxa in both the CTR and TRT groups, but differences in the abundance of beneficial bacteria were more pronounced in the TRT group. Specifically, we found increases in the abundance of sequences belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus at T28 in the TRT group with significant increases in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus persisting at T35 when compared to T0. Importantly, members of these genera are considered important for their anti-inflammatory properties, vital for fostering a balanced and robust gut microbiota in dogs. The results of our study show the potential of our supplement to selectively enhance specific beneficial bacterial taxa, offering a targeted approach to modulating the gut microbiome without causing disruptions to the overall equilibrium.
Practical Considerations in the Design of Passive Free Piles in Sliding Soil
Authors: Carrubba Paolo , Pergola Claudia
Published: April 2024

The stabilisation of shallow translational landslides can be carried out by using large diameter concrete piles, with the aim of increasing the available strength along the slip surface. In the following article, 3D numerical models of a free-head flexible pile embedded into a translational type of landslide are studied. The landslide model has a given inclination angle, β, and a thickness, D, while the reinforced concrete pile has a fixed diameter, d, and a length, D + L, in the perspective of studying the failure modes B1, BY and B2 of free-head flexible piles. In this category of piles, collapse is reached with the formation of plastic hinges. Both the soil and the concrete are modelled with simple constitutive models, such as Mohr–Coulomb for soil and the elastic-perfectly plastic for the concrete pile, in order to carry out the design approaches provided by Eurocode, as well as to highlight some practical aspects of soil–structure interaction during the landslide displacements. The results highlight how the achievement of the shear strength in a flexible free-head concrete pile generally precedes the achievement of the ultimate bending moment associated with the development of plastic hinges. Furthermore, the axial load supported by the pile may itself contribute to the overall strength available along the slip surface.
Cloud Characteristics in South China Using Ka-Band Millimeter Cloud Radar Datasets
Authors: Li Haowen , Mao Chengyan , Li Huaiyu , Li Jieyi , Chen Binghong , Zeng Lin , Zheng Jiawen , Liu Mingtuan
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigate the seasonal and diurnal variations in cloud occurrence frequency, as well as cloud vertical structure (CVS) characteristics under different seasons and precipitation intensities over the Guangzhou region in South China, based on the analysis of millimeter-wave cloud radar (MMCR) and ground automatic weather station rainfall observations from May 2019 to August 2021. The results showed that the occurrence frequency of clouds exhibits a bimodal distribution throughout the year, with peaks in March to June and October, reaching its highest occurrence in May at approximately 80% and its lowest from December to February at around 40%. Additionally, there are distinct diurnal variations in occurrence frequency, with the lowest rates occurring around 0005 LST, rapidly increasing after 0006 LST, and peaking during the afternoon to evening hours. Cloud top height (CTH) shows bimodal distributions during the pre-flood and post-flood seasons. The most frequently occurring range of CTH during the pre-flood season is below 3 km, accounting for approximately 43%, while during the post-flood season, it ranges from 11 to 14 km, constituting about 37%. For precipitation clouds, CTH can extend beyond 12 km, with the radar reflectivity decreasing gradually with increasing height. The highest frequencies of radar echoes are observed below 2 km and between 4 and 7 km, exhibiting clear diurnal variations, with echoes mainly below 2 km and between 4 to 6 km during the early morning, intensifying and shifting to higher altitudes during the day and reaching their maximum below 4 km during the afternoon to nighttime hours, while both the frequency and intensity increase in the height range of 4 to 12 km. Vertical profiles of radar reflectivity and cloud ice/liquid water content (IWC/LWC) exhibit similar trends under different precipitation intensities. The main differences are observed below 4 km, where both radar reflectivity and IWC/LWC generally increase with increasing precipitation intensity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of cloud characteristics in the South China region, enhance the accuracy of model simulations, and provide a scientific basis for accurate forecasting and warning of meteorological disasters.
Analyzing the Microscopic Production Characteristics of CO2 Flooding after Water Flooding in Tight Oil Sandstone Reservoirs Utilizing NMR and Microscopic Visualization Apparatus
Authors: Xue Junjie , Gao Hui , Ma Zhanguo , Shi Huaqiang , Li Xiaoling , Li Teng , Cheng Zhilin , Wang Chen , Li Pan , Zhang Nan
Published: April 2024

The microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs significantly influences the characteristics of CO2 flooding after water flooding. This research was conducted using various techniques such as casting thin sections, high-pressure mercury injection, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing, and a self-designed high-temperature and high-pressure microscopic visualization displacement system. Three types of cores with different pore structures were selected for the flooding experiments and the microscopic visualization displacement experiments, including CO2 immiscible flooding, near-miscible flooding, and miscible flooding after conventional water flooding. The characteristics of CO2 flooding and the residual oil distribution after water flooding were quantitatively analyzed and evaluated. The results show the following: (1) During the water flooding process, the oil produced from type I and type III samples mainly comes from large and some medium pores. Oil utilization of all pores is significant for type II samples. The physical properties and pore types have a greater impact on water flooding. Type I and II samples are more suitable for near-miscible flooding after water flooding. Type III samples are more suitable for miscible flooding after water flooding. (2) In CO2 flooding, oil recovery increases gradually with increasing pressure for all three types of samples. Type II core samples have the highest recovery. Before miscibility, the oil recovered from type I and type II samples is primarily from large pores; however, oil recovery mainly comes from medium pores when reaching miscibility. As for the type III samples, the oil produced in the immiscible state mainly comes from large and medium pores, and the enhanced oil recovery mainly comes from medium and small pores after reaching the near-miscible phase. (3) It can be seen from the microscopic residual oil distribution that oil recovery will increase as the petrophysical properties of the rock model improve. The oil recovery rate of near-miscible flooding after water flooding using the type II model is up to 68.11%. The oil recovery of miscible flooding after water flooding with the type III model is the highest at 74.57%. With increasing pressure, the proportion of flake residual oil gradually decreases, while the proportion of droplet-like and film-like residual oil gradually increases. Type II samples have a relatively large percentage of reticulated residual oil in the near-miscible stage.