bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptor variants in patients from Myanmar with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yin Khine San , Naing Myint Myint , Khine Nitar , Maung May Phyo , Nyunt Aye Aye , Htike Nway Nway , Aye Hnin Hnin , Myint Aye Aye
Published: April 2021

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sequence variants in patients from Myanmar have not yet been reported.

Objectives

To describe the molecular epidemiology of EGFR variants in patients from Myanmar with lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Histological diagnosis and categorization of biopsies collected from 66 patients (28–78 years) with lung cancer was conducted using a panel of antibodies including those to: TTF1, P40, synaptophysin, CK7, and napsin-A. Samples from patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma were tested for EGFR variants using a cobas EGFR Mutation Test kit and cobas z 480 System (Roche). We conducted a univariate analysis of categorical factors using a χ2 or Fisher exact test.

Results

Histological types were adenocarcinoma (61%, 40/66), squamous cell carcinoma (24%, 16/66), neuroendocrine carcinoma (9%, 6/66), undifferentiated carcinoma (2%, 1/66), adenosquamous carcinoma (2%, 1/66), small cell anaplastic carcinoma (2%, 1/66), and pleomorphic sarcoma (2%, 1/66). EGFR variants were detected in 15 of 40 (38%) cases of adenocarcinoma. Among them, 6 patients (40%) had an exon 19 deletion, another 6 (40%) had exon 21 substitutions, 1 (7%) had exon 20 insertion S768I, and 2 (13%) had compound variations (1 of exon 21 L858R and exon 18 G719X, and 1 of exon 20 S768I and exon 18 G719X). Although limited by small sample size, no significant association was found between the variants and factors including family cancer history, age group, sex, ethnicity, or occupation. However, there was a strong significant association between never-smokers and EGFR variants (P = 0.008).

Conclusion

Knowledge of EGFR variants in patients from Myanmar is encouraging for their effective cancer treatment.
Polysemy and synonymy in sporting language terminology
Authors: Varga Mihaela
Published: April 2021

Polysemy is a rather complex and productive phenomenon in sporting language terminology. It is proof of the unlimited and varied possibilities that the Romanian language has to enrich itself from a lexical point of view. Enriching a Romanian word with a new meaning is possible by borrowing a term from another language, a term that has another meaning except for the one corresponding to the Romanian word.

Perfect synonymy in sporting language is generated by the influences of other foreign languages, by paraphrasing borrowed words, or by the attempt to create a genuine new word with a recent neologism. In sporting language, synonymy is the result of trying to replace a neologism with a word from common language.
Emotional Variability and Inertia in Daily Life: Links to Borderline Personality and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Dixon-Gordon Katherine L. , Laws Holly
Published: April 2021

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression are characterized by negative emotionality, yet BPD is also theorized to be linked with emotional variability. The present study extends past work to a larger time scale and notes the degree to which stress-related emotional responses are variable or persistent across stressors using novel analytic models. Participants (N = 164) were undergraduate students who completed daily assessments of negative emotional responses to interpersonal stressors for 2 weeks. BPD and depression were associated with greater negative emotional intensity and greater emotional variability in response to nonsocial stressors. Only BPD features were associated with greater emotional variability in response to social stressors. This study is limited by its reliance on self-report in a nonclinical sample and limited within-person assessments. Data point to distinct constellations of emotional dysfunction in BPD and depression. Pending replication, these data may inform targeting of emotional dysfunction in treatment.
Psychological Transformation: Convergent Themes in Jewish and Psychoanalytic Thinking
Authors: Mendes Dinah M.
Published: April 2021

The potential for psychological transformation is fundamental to psychoanalytic theory and therapy and to Jewish belief and practice. While Freud's rejection of religious experience as a manifestation of personal and cultural pathology had a long-reaching effect in the history of psychoanalysis, the theoretical extensions and advances of some of his followers have made it possible to view religious experience through a different lens. The author explores the convergence of Jewish ideas about the process of repentance (teshuvah) and the integration of psychic polarities conceptualized in the psychoanalytic literature, namely, love and hate in the shift from the paranoid-schizoid to the depressive position (Klein) and separation and reunion in the establishment of the self and the development of sublimation (Loewald).
Issues in Conservation—Three Value Moments in the Public Perception of Cultural Heritage Objects in Public Spaces
Authors: Wei W. (Bill) , Heerema Hanneke , Rushfeld Rebecca , van der Lee Ida
Published: April 2021

Cultural heritage professionals are becoming increasingly concerned about the lack of care being taken by municipalities for their cultural heritage objects which include works of art in public places. They have therefore begun to ask the public to help take care of “their” cultural heritage through so-called public participation projects. Cultural heritage professionals tacitly assume that if they “teach” the public to treasure such objects of “their” heritage, the public will become more proactive in helping to conserve them.

However, research being conducted by the authors is showing that a majority of the general public often has a completely different awareness and/or feeling about cultural heritage objects in their neighborhoods than the cultural heritage professionals think they have, or think they should have. Three recent case studies carried out by the authors show that these differences are most noticeable during so-called “value moments” at the beginning and at the perceived end of an object’s life. These are the two moments when decisions are made, usually by cultural heritage professionals, to place an object in a neighborhood or have it significantly changed or removed, often to the surprise and disagreement of the residents. Between these two moments lay many moments when an object is taken for granted, grudgingly accepted, or not even noticed.

Given the fact that cultural heritage professionals often make the ultimate decisions and do not always consider or outright ignore public opinion, it should not be surprising that there is an increasingly negative public perception of what they do. The results of the case studies illustrate the need for professionals to consider and accept as valid, public feelings about cultural heritage objects in their neighborhoods.
Sodium silicate and chitosan: an alternative for the in vitro control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Rayón-Díaz E. , Birke-Biewendt A. B. , Velázquez-Estrada R. M. , González-Estrada R. R. , Ramírez-Vázquez M. , Rosas-Saito G. H. , Gutierrez-Martinez P.
Published: April 2021

Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes is one of the main fungi that attacks tropical and subtropical fruits. In this study, sodium silicate and chitosan were applied individually and in conjunction at different concentrations to evaluate their efficacy in vitro on mycelial growth and on conidia sporulation. Besides, morphological changes on treated fungi were determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sodium silicate alone did not reduce C. gloeosporioides development, only a 9% inhibition was recorded. In contrast, chitosan treatments ranging from 0.1 to 1.5% showed the highest effectiveness and decreased fungal development the most (97 - 99%). However, the combined treatments showed an additive effect, by inhibiting the mycelial development between a 51 - 99%. SEM micrographs showed morphological alterations in the mycelium development, changes in size, and presence of deformations. Therefore, these treatments could be used as eco-friendly alternative in the control of C. gloeosporiodes in fruits.
Estudo de série histórica de casos de tuberculose entre 1999 e 2015, em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Silva Danilo Jorge da , Abreu Frederico Prado , Xavier Luiz Eduardo de Freitas , Duarte Luana Pimentel , Neves Vinícius de Jesus Rodrigues , Souza Anelise Andrade de , Dias Samuel Ribeiro , Carneiro Ana Paula Scalia , Bezerra Olivia Maria de Paula Alves
Published: April 2021

Resumo Introdução A tuberculose, caracterizada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como emergência sanitária mundial, é uma doença de impacto global. Objetivo Realizar série histórica de casos de tuberculose em um período de 17 anos em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, considerando a histórica relação da doença com a mineração. Método Dados foram obtidos em sistema próprio de registros do município, por busca ativa em prontuários médicos e comparados à quantidade de casos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Para análises de tendência, foram utilizados modelos de regressão polinomial para séries históricas. Resultados Idade média dos casos foi 40,3 ± 16,4 anos. Homens apresentaram 2,23 vezes mais casos e chance 2,07 vezes maior para desfechos negativos. A forma mais observada foi pulmonar (84%), e sorologia para HIV foi realizada em apenas 16,3% dos registros. Principal desfecho observado foi cura (70%), e desfechos negativos totalizaram 20,2% dos registros. Taxa de incidência média foi 29,76 e 16,23 casos/100 mil habitantes na área municipal e distrital, respectivamente. Conclusão Apesar da relação histórica entre mineração e tuberculose no município, observa-se que este ainda apresenta preocupantes vulnerabilidades em relação à vigilância da doença. Análise de série temporal sugeriu declínio na proporção de casos curados entre 2009 e 2015.
Acordos de empréstimo para AIDS e a Política de Incentivo no Sistema Único de Saúde: avanços e lacunas
Authors: Barboza Renato
Published: April 2021

Resumo Introdução No Brasil, os acordos de empréstimo e a Política de Incentivo foram fundamentais para a gestão descentralizada da política de aids, entretanto poucos estudos avaliaram os seus efeitos no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivo Analisar a implementação das ações programáticas em DST/Aids no país e no estado de São Paulo quanto aos avanços e lacunas dos acordos de empréstimo com o Banco Mundial e a implantação da Política de Incentivo vigente no SUS. Método Estudo de caso, retrospectivo-descritivo, baseado em análise documental e entrevistas em profundidade com seis coordenadores das três esferas governamentais e dois presidentes do Fórum Estadual de ONG/AIDS de São Paulo. Resultados Identificaram-se diferentes graus e distintas formas de operacionalização da política de aids, demarcadas por períodos de centralização das decisões e do financiamento no “Projeto AIDS I”, seguida pela desconcentração administrativa no final do “Projeto AIDS II” e, finalmente a descentralização com a Política de Incentivo, transferindo responsabilidades e recursos em consonância aos princípios do SUS. Conclusão Não obstante os avanços da gestão descentralizada, fragilidades constatadas no processo de monitoramento e avaliação das ações podem comprometer a sustentabilidade técnico-financeira da Política de Incentivo no SUS.
DAILY PRACTICES AND PROCESSES OF TERRITORIALIZATION OF SETTLERS IN QUERÊNCIA DO NORTE, PARANÁ, BRAZIL
Authors: ZIOLI ELINE G. O. , RODRIGUES FÁBIO S. , GAFFURI EVANDRO L. , ICHIKAWA ELISA Y.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: To understand the processes of territorialization in the daily life and work routine of settlers in Querência do Norte, Paraná, Brazil. Originality/value: This work contributes to the context of discussions on territory and territorialization processes (Haesbaert, 2011; Raffestin, 1993, 2008; Saquet, 2008) in the daily life (De Certeau, 2014) of workers marginalized by society in general. Design/methodology/approach: We developed this qualitative article from data collected through eight life history interviews with settlers, pre-settlers, and residents of Querência do Norte, in the State of Paraná (PR). After transcribing the interviews, they went through an analysis of narratives. Findings: We identify that, through the practices of work, study and claims, the settlers territorialize the space, and there they create their own rules and norms of coexistence. In their struggles for land, it is clear that their place of belonging is the field, justifying the insistence on the struggle for the right to land to cultivate. The sense of belonging of the workers is represented by the struggle that unites them and places them as part of a larger movement. Placing men at the center of the construction of territoriality is accomplished through the daily struggle and work of the settlers and pre-settlers in Querência do Norte (PR).
Impact of cognitive intervention on cognitive symptoms and quality of life in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: a randomized and controlled study
Authors: Sousa Nariana Mattos Figueiredo , Neri Ana Cristina da Mata , Brandi Ivar Viana , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT. Pharmacological treatments for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are lacking, and alternative approaches have been implemented, including cognitive training (CT). Objective: To determine the impact of CT on cognitive and quality of life measures in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who were seen a hospital neurorehabilitation program. Methods: Thirty-nine individuals with MCI-PD, according to the Movement Disorder Society, were randomly distributed into two groups: experimental and control group, matched for demographic and clinical characteristics. Both groups were assessed for cognition and quality of life at the beginning of the study and at the end of the intervention protocol. The following instruments were used to assess cognition and quality of life: Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, Digit Span, Trail Making Test (TMT, A and B) and Parkinson disease quality of life questionnaire. The experimental group (EG) engaged in CT, whereas the control group (CG) underwent activities of the general rehabilitation program. Results: No baseline evaluation differences were found. Intergroup analysis showed differences in measures, such as total score (1.977, p=0.0480) and visuospatial domain (-2.636, p=0.0084) of the ACE-III, with the EG performing better, in addition to better performance in TMT-B mistakes (-1.928, p=0.0439). Intragroup analysis revealed that the EG showed significant improvement in almost all the cognitive variables, well as in self-reported quality of life (total score and mobility, activities of daily living, body discomfort dimensions). Conclusions: Engagement in cognitive activities was associated with better cognitive abilities in PD-MCI. Future studies should consider the long-term effect of this type of intervention and impact on functional activities.
Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the INECO Frontal Screening and the Frontal Assessment Battery in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Fernández-Fleites Zoylen , Jiménez-Puig Elizabeth , Broche-Pérez Yunier , Morales-Ortiz Sheyla , Luzardo Darlyn Alejandra Reyes , Crespo-Rodríguez Luis Ramón
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT. The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) are two instruments frequently used to explore cognitive deficits in different diseases. However, studies reporting their use in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are limited. Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of FAB and IFS in mild cognitive impairment (multiple-domain amnestic MCI subtype — md-aMCI). Methods: IFS and FAB were administered to 30 md-aMCI patients and 59 healthy participants. Sensitivity and specificity were investigated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IFS for MCI patients was .82 (sensitivity=0.96; specificity=0.76), whereas the AUC of FAB was 0.74 (sensitivity=0.73; specificity=0.70). Conclusions: In comparison to FAB, IFS showed higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of executive dysfunctions in md-aMCI subtype. The use of IFS in everyday clinical practice would allow detecting the frontal dysfunctions in MCI patients with greater precision, enabling the early intervention and impeding the transition to more severe cognitive alterations.
Effects of language stimulation on cognition of institutionalized aged people: a preliminary case series study
Authors: Cunha Ruttienya Dias Braga da , Pacheco Tayane Frez , Barreto Simone dos Santos
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT. Cognitive stimulation programs for institutionalized elderly people show positive results, however few studies have investigated the effectiveness of language stimulation programs for the health of this population. Objectives: To characterize the cognitive-linguistic profile of institutionalized elderly and to compare their performance before and after a language stimulation program (LSP). Methods: An exploratory case series study was conducted with nine residents of a Home for the Aged. Elderly people aged 60 or over, of both sexes, without neurological or neuropsychiatric diseases, communication disorders, intellectual impairment or severe visual or hearing impairment were included. The participants were submitted to an initial assessment through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Montreal Toulouse Battery Language Assessment – Brazil to characterize the cognitive-linguistic profile of the studied group. Five elderly were selected to participate in the LSP, of wich only two participated effectively in the program, but all were reassessed after the program was completed. Results: on the initial assessment, of the nine participants, only one had adequate cognitive performance and all presented changes in macro and/or microlinguistics aspects of oral discourse, with oral comprehension preserved. On the reassessment carried out with five participants, only two participants who adhered effectively to the program obtained improvements in MoCa scores. In regarding language, three participants performed better in the oral emission measures. The performance of the participants in oral comprehension remained or declined. Conclusion: The speech-language therapy intervention through a LSP contributes to improving the cognitive-linguistic performance of institutionalized elderly.
O dispositivo do Tableau vivant e o gesto em Faz que Vai (2015) de Bárbara Wagner e Benjamin de Burca
Authors: Cruz Nina Velasco e
Published: April 2021

Resumo Há uma “vontade de movimento” generalizada nas imagens fotográficas (gifs, boomerangs e vídeos de curtíssima duração são o sintoma mais visível deste fenômeno), assim como uma progressiva estaticidade das imagens em movimento. Esse fenômeno pode ser investigado a partir do uso recorrente e atualizado da prática do Tableau Vivant na fotografia e no cinema contemporâneos, assim como nas práticas híbridas da videoarte. A questão que levanto deriva da percepção deste fenômeno, articulado com o lugar do “gesto” na cultura contemporânea. Se partirmos do pressuposto de que a mecanização progressiva da modernidade resultou no sentimento da perda do gesto, de que maneira a imagem em movimento pode vir a restituí-lo, como nos sugere Agamben? E como as atuais imagens híbridas contemporâneas, no caso aqui o trabalho Faz que Vai (2015), de Bárbara Wagner e Benjamin de Burca, reatualizam essa questão?
Impasses e potencialidades de um filme assintagmático
Authors: Esteves Leonardo Gomes
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este artigo busca propor uma reflexão sobre o que é aqui chamado de filme assintagmático, tomando como contexto a produção cinematográfica em torno de Maio de 68. O objeto contemplado por este estudo de caso é o curta-metragem La révolution n’est qu’un début. Continuouns le combat (1968), de Pierre Clémenti. Para esta análise e para a compreensão do que se propõe conceitualmente, leva-se em consideração a emergência de um “estado selvagem” através da sobreimpressão imagética, como propõe Noguez (2010), e de um tempo subjetivo dela advinda, como prevê Clerget (2001). A formulação está em oposição ao estabelecido por Metz (2010) como sintagma no cinema.
Ecos do fim do mundo em três perspectivas
Authors: Almeida Maria da Conceição , França Fagner Torres de
Published: April 2021

Resumo O presente texto apresenta o livro Ecos do fim do mundo. Mudanças ambientais e vida social em tempo de COVID-19, publicado em 2020 pela Livraria da Física e organizado por Márcia Maria Regina da Silva (UERN), Carlos Aldemir Farias da Silva (UFPA) e Maria da Conceição Farias da Silva Gurgel Dutra (UFPB). Por meio do método da sociologia do presente, desenvolvido pelo pensador francês Edgar Morin, a obra, de caráter transdisciplinar, busca mapear as diversas faces da atual pandemia em uma abordagem teórico-empírica a partir do olhar de vinte e dois pesquisadores em vinte e seis artigos, que acompanham de perto o desenrolar da pandemia em suas mais diversas consequências.
Outra via para interrogar as práticas jornalísticas
Authors: Marocco Beatriz
Published: April 2021

Resumo Parte-se de três vertentes de estudo da prática: 1. Funcionalismo, onde se situam os estudos das rotinas jornalísticas, que contribuíram para uma visão dos atos repetitivos da prática; 2. Teoria da prática que, no final da década de 1970 e início dos anos 80, devolveu o ator ao processo social); e 3. Teoria da prática jornalística, que, mais recentemente, reúne e desenvolve quatro elementos: a prática, o desempenho/performance, o ambiente, a ordem e a mudança. Para avançar, propõe-se centralizar o eixo da investigação na escuta dos sujeitos da produção, mais pontualmente, em como estes são afetados pelo funcionamento das relações de poder. O assujeitamento e as ações de resistência, descritos em entrevistas, encontram ressonância epistemológica no pensamento e nas práticas de Michel Foucault como jornalista. Nestes termos, interrogar o funcionamento da prática jornalística supõe uma analítica da ação dos sujeitos, levando em conta os seguintes elementos: a prática, a consciência discursiva dos agentes, os procedimentos de controle discursivo, a resistência e a crítica das práticas jornalísticas.
Tipos de violência no trabalho da enfermagem na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Busnello Grasiele Fatima , Trindade Letícia de Lima , Pai Daiane Dal , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes
Published: April 2021

Resumo Objetivo analisar a ocorrência dos diferentes tipos de violência no trabalho da Enfermagem na Estratégia Saúde da Família e as implicações dos aspectos laborais e do trabalhador. Método estudo misto, explanatório, sequencial, com 169 trabalhadores de Enfermagem da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram utilizados o Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector e a entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados foram encontrados episódios de agressão verbal com melhores médias na avaliação sobre o reconhecimento e os relacionamentos no trabalho e o maior uso de medicamentos. O assédio moral foi associado à cor da pele branca dos participantes, ao cargo de enfermeiro; apresentaram-se avaliações mais negativas acerca do reconhecimento laboral e dos relacionamentos interpessoais e uma maior preocupação com a violência. Já o assédio sexual relacionou-se ao cargo de técnico/auxiliar de Enfermagem e pela ausência de estímulo para os relatos de violência. A discriminação racial foi associada à cor da pele parda/negra e à redução da satisfação laboral. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a análise dos fatores que se associam aos tipos específicos de violência permite melhor determinar medidas e políticas institucionais que minimizem os atos violentos contra os trabalhadores de Enfermagem.
Adaptação cultural do Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th edition (EOWPVT-4), para falantes do Português Brasileiro
Authors: Silva Valdéres Rodrigo da , Lindau Tâmara Andrade , Giacheti Célia Maria
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar um breve relato sobre as primeiras etapas que envolveram o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do teste Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test, fourth edition para o Português Brasileiro (PB). Método O processo de tradução e adaptação desse instrumento foi realizado nas seguintes etapas: (1) tradução do texto original (inglês) para o PB (cultura alvo) por dois tradutores juramentados distintos e orientados quanto ao objetivo da pesquisa; (2) análise de paridade entre as traduções realizadas e concepção, por um grupo de especialistas, de uma versão síntese; (3) retrotradução da versão síntese por outros dois tradutores juramentados que não participaram da etapa 1; e (4) comparação entre a retrotradução e a versão original feita por um grupo de especialistas, moldando, assim, a versão adaptada pré-final do EOWPVT-4. Resultados Na versão brasileira, foi mantida a quantidade de itens da versão original e a adaptação cultural do EOWPVT-4 para o PB seguiu as etapas recomendadas pela literatura, além de considerar as diferenças do contexto sociocultural, não apresentando discrepâncias significativas no que se refere à equivalência semântica. Foram necessárias adaptações consideradas relevantes (e.g., itens não representativos da cultura brasileira) durante esse processo para que o instrumento pudesse ser utilizado com o mesmo rigor metodológico do instrumento original. Conclusão O processo de adaptação cultural desse instrumento indicou que houve equivalência teórica, semântica, idiomática e cultural com a versão original em inglês.
First record of Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) parasitizing invasive monk parakeets in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Briceño Cristóbal , Yévenes Karina , Larraechea Matilde , Sandoval-Rodríguez Alejandra , Silva-de la Fuente María Carolina , Fredes Fernando , Hidalgo Héctor , Alcayaga Valeria , Oyarzún-Ruiz Pablo , Munita Cintia , González-Acuña Daniel
Published: April 2021

Abstract Myiopsitta monachus is an invasive psittacine with wide distribution due to the pet trade. Its large communal nests and synanthropic nature contribute to its successful colonization of cities, from where it seems to be expanding in range and numbers. This is relevant with regard to pathogens that invasive species may harbor, especially when host populations thrive. We aimed to identify an abundant mite found in invasive monk parakeet chicks that had been collected in Santiago during 2017 and 2018. Through morphological and molecular identification of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, we confirmed the presence of Ornithonyssus bursa. This was the first report of this mite in Chile. This mite is common in native and invasive monk parakeet populations and may affect other birds, including domestic fowl. Further, this mite bites people and can be a potential vector of pathogens such as bacteria or viruses. We conclude that this parasite was likely introduced with the parakeet and discuss possible ecological, health and economic consequences of this new potential pest.
The peculiarities of innovative activity in mechanical engineering
Authors: Krasnova E. V. , Morgunov Yu. A. , Saushkin B. P. , Khomyakova N. V.
Published: April 2021

Russian mechanical engineering and especially its scientifi c sector are in deep crisis due to the general economic decline, acute shortage of resources, low quality management of the industry and inappropriate assessment of the role of mechanical engineering in economic development. Advanced development of mechanical engineering provides manufacturing with new strategically signifi cant technical means and technologies during the country’s partial economic isolation, and eventually becomes the main provision for innovative development of the country. As the resources are limited it is necessary to create a comprehensible sciencebased strategy for innovative development of a machine-building enterprise. The strategy ought to be based on a system of technological priorities, scientifi c research trends and developments built on corresponding research and production structures, human resources, scientifi c research and experience. Targeted approach to the distribution of the resources allocated for innovative activity is connected with their being concentrated on the priority projects and developments. Their list should be created according to objective criteria and all the risks and limitations arising. Reindustrialization of the national mechanical engineering within the modern scientifi c and technical environment should be considered as the most important factor and mechanism for strengthening the Russian economy. During the process the limited resources should be wisely distributed between creating new technological trends and restoring lost positions in the global technological environment. It is an extremely vicious policy to provide the country with serious advantages in new technological trends and at the same time deprive it of the basic technologies. The technological side of innovative activity in mechanical engineering is not as well-developed as institutional and fi nancial stimulation mechanisms. One of the reasons for  that is lack or insufficient level of guidance documents which regulate certain innovative activity on creating new technologies and improving the existing ones, on fi nding and implementing methods for raising production efficiency by means of new technological solutions.
Management of industrial development of oil and gas region in conditions of high oil price volatility
Authors: Beilin I. L.
Published: April 2021

The article observes the factors which infl uence oil price volatility in reproduction of oil caused by ambiguity of the OPEC Plus agreement in early March 2020 and intensifi ed by reduction of oil products consumption with the new coronavirus infection at the background. The authors point out that understanding of the process of managing an open futures position until its expiration date has positive effects on the trading effi ciency both in contango and backwardation situations. They also reveal that risks are the main constraining factor for derivative fi nancial tools of underlying assets in both commodity and stock markets. Oil and gas companies, whose income tax is an essential part of oil and gas regions’ budgets and whose mineral extraction tax and export duty go to the federal budget, require government support for hedging risks. The support should be provided by means of direct budget damper mechanisms or indirect measures such as stimulation of development of financial and industrial groups. They can possess enough investment potential for hedging risks of derivatives in conditions of high oil price volatility. The article presents cluster analysis of foreign economic activity of oil and gas regions of the Privolzhsky (Volga) Federal District. The activity is focused mainly on products of fuel and energy complex as well as chemicals, plastic and synthetic rubber. By means of simplex method the author developed the optimization isoline map for risks of changing future prices of oil derivatives, losses when covering a margin account to maintain ownership and risks connected with price volatility of the underlying asset.
Value creation model-based approach to investment in intellectual capital of a manufacturing company
Authors: Deghles H. S.M. , Kelchevskaya N. R.
Published: April 2021

Alongside with physical and fi nancial components a signifi cant role in a company’s resource pack belongs to the elements of intellectual capital: employees’ competence, formalized sources of knowledge and relations with the key stakeholders. However, numerous studies reveal that in manufacturing and service companies the elements of intellectual capital are distributed unevenly and the process of investment in those components is organized differently. The article is aimed at developing a theoretical approach according to which such differences appear at the stage of value creation models. These are considered as the fundamental organizational variables determining the essence and structure of the business models implemented. The research is focused on manufacturing product-oriented companies which can maintain several value creation models simultaneously. The novelty of the study lies in using differentiated strategies of investment in intellectual capital through value chains, workshops and networks, which raise the level of management reflection towards the differences in determining the role and priority of certain resources in maintaining a manufacturing company’s competitiveness. The approach suggested is of high practical significance as it contributes to methodological support for managing the set of a manufacturing company’s investment projects on developing human, structure and relation capital.
Aprender matemáticas en tiempos del COVID-19: Un estudio de caso con estudiantes universitarias
Authors: Conde-Carmona Robinson , Padilla Escorcia Iván Andrés
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones de estudiantes universitarias sobre el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, específicamente de un curso de Cálculo Integral (Cálculo II), en el contexto de la pandemia por Covid-19 y el efecto que tuvo la transición de la presencialidad a la virtualidad. Método: Se realizó un estudio de caso con dos participantes, de contextos socioeconómicos y universidades diferentes. Se validaron los instrumentos mediante el método Dephi para mayor fiabilidad y confianza en los datos. Resultados: Se encontró que hubo discrepancias en la percepción de las participantes sobre el servicio prestado por las universidades. También hubo diferencias en la percepción de la forma como recibían las clases, el acceso a estas debido a la conectividad y a los equipos electrónicos con los que contaban. Para la estudiante 2, residente de un barrio tipificado como estrato cinco, el aprendizaje de Cálculo Integral en tiempos de pandemia, resultó un espacio para fomentar a la autonomía y auto estudio de una asignatura compleja como esta. En el caso de la estudiante 1, residente de un barrio tipificado como estrato uno, hubo la percepción de que el aprendizaje fue limitado, hubo desmotivación y críticas a la modalidad e-learning en el aprendizaje de asignaturas afines a la matemática. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se concluyó que, el estrato socioeconómico de las estudiantes y la disponibilidad de recursos tanto por parte de estas como de la universidad en donde estudian, influyeron en las percepciones sobre las clases virtuales.
Moment at elastic-plastic bending of steel sheet. Part 1. Parabolic approximation of steel’s hardening zone
Authors: Shinkin V. N.
Published: April 2021

To calculate the power parameters of metallurgical machines in the production of pipes from steel sheet, it is extremely necessary to know the analytical dependence of the elastic-plastic hardening curve of steel and the numerical value of bending moment of steel sheet depending on the curvature’s radius of its neutral plane during bending. Otherwise, the power characteristics of links of metallurgical machines (driving mechanisms of punches, torsion shafts, power frames and so on) may exceed the permissible values, which will lead to their breakage. To obtain the mechanical characteristics of steel, a round or flat steel sample of standard dimensions is usually stretched and the stretching diagram is obtained in the coordinates “normal stress σ – relative elongation ε”, which is given as a graph. In the experimental stretching diagram, the yield strength σy (or σ0.5), the ultimate strength σu, the relative elongation at break δ and the relative narrowing ψ (not always determined experimentally) of the neck of the round sample at break are usually found (determined). The stretching curve has the maximum at the moment of the beginning of the neck formation in the round steel sample (at the relative deformation εu). For a number of steels (for example, for the low-carbon steels), the deformation curve may have the yield area, where the normal stress σ is practically unchanged when the relative longitudinal deformations ε change. At this moment, the internal restructuring of the steel microstructure occurs at the level of the steel grains — sliding at the grains’ boundary and changing the orientation of the grains relative to each other. The size of the yield area is significantly smaller than the steel hardening zone. Therefore, the yield area is usually neglected in the analytical and numerical calculations.
Evaluation of efficiency of methods for drawing round wire with large diameters
Authors: Kharitonov V. A. , Usanov M. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Drawing in monolithic draw dies is the primary and often nonalternative pressure metal treatment (PMT) method used in the wire manufacture for various purposes both in our country and abroad. Its effectiveness largely depends on the wire diameter and properties. Thus, when drawing wire of large diameters (>8.0 mm) from high-carbon steels (high-tensile reinforcing wire, spring wire, etc.), the stability of the process and the probability of metal fraction decreases. The use of classic roller draw dies increases the strain uniformity along the wire cross-section, reduces the force and multiplicity of drawing. However, the «circle-shaped section-circle» roller gauge system used in this process leads to a more complicated process, and most importantly, to a significant increase in production costs. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the drawing efficiency of a round billet with a diameter of 16.00 mm from steel grade 80 into a wire with a diameter of 14.25 mm (strain degree 21%) in one step in the classic monolithic draw die and roller draw dies: three-roller draw die with a spatially closed round gauge and three-roller draw die of radial shear strain. The latter is comparable to the well-known radial-shear rolling. The difference is that the energy is introduced into the deformation zone by applying a front pulling force, and the idler rollers rotate around the wire with a special drive. The authors used finite element modeling in the Deform-3d software package. The deformed state in processes with linear tensile strain was estimated by the distribution of the accumulated strain degree in the billet cross-section, and in processes with torsion – by the change in the curvature of the line applied to the side surface of the billet. The power parameters were determined in Deform-3d in the coordinates: drawing force – time of billet movement. The stress state was determined by the hydrostatic stress on the wire axis and the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion. It is established that the wire strain in a monolithic draw die is characterized by a significant strain inhomogeneity across the cross-section, monotonous flow, high energy consumption, and the wire collapsibility, especially of the mid-layers. The use of draw dies with a spatially closed round gauge reduces the drawing force by about 40%, reduces the degree of strain inhomogeneity along the cross-section, and increases the degree of accumulated strain. The radial-shear strain drawing significantly increases the degree of accumulated strain and provides grain grinding, especially in the surface layers of the wire.
PI3K/AKT/MTOR: CONTRIBUTION TO THE TUMOR PHENOTYPE SENSITIVE TO TAMOXIFEN
Authors: Dronova Т. A. , Babyshkina N. N. , Matvienko N. V. , Slonimskaya E. M. , Cherdyntseva N. V.
Published: April 2021

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR is a key signaling system that binds oncogenes and various receptors to many cell functions, promotes estrogen resistance, and is the most frequently activated signaling pathway in malignant neoplasm, including breast cancer (BC). About 70 % of BC is hormone‑receptor positive and the endocrine therapy is the main component of treatment for hormone‑receptor positive BC patients. Tamoxifen remains one of the basic drugs for adjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen‑positive BC patients. However, due to acquired resistance to this drug, 25–30 % of patients develop a relapse or disease progression. Resistance to tamoxifen is one of the key clinical problems in the treatment of estrogen‑positive BC. The potential mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance may be associated with crosstalk between estrogen receptors and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. This review summarizes the current literature data on the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the mechanisms of hormonal resistance, including a complete characterization of its main components and the features of PI3K/Akt/mTOR interaction with estrogen receptors. The results of studies of the main components of the cascade as molecular markers of response to tamoxifen therapy in estrogen‑positive BC patients are presented. Further study of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR crosstalk with various signaling pathways will contribute to both the understanding of carcino‑ genesis and the development of new molecular‑targeted anticancer drugs for the treatment of tamoxifen‑ resistant breast tumors.
Çoban Çökerten (Tribulus terrestris) ve Çoban Çantası (Capsella bursa-postaris) Bitkilerinde in Vitro Antioksidan Enzim Kapasitesi ve Oksidatif Stres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: DEMİRHAN İlter , GÜNGÖR Meltem , BELGE KURUTAS Ergul , ÖZYURT Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma ile, Kahramanmaraş ili sınırları içinde doğal olarak yetişen Çoban Çantası (Capsella bursa-postaris) ve Çoban Çökerten (Tribulus terrestris) bitkilerinin doğal antioksidan enzim kapasitesinin ölçülmesi amaçlandı. Araştırma kapsamında Kahramanmaraş ili Bertiz yöresine ait C.pastoris ve T.terrestris bitkilerinden yararlanıldı. Bitki yaprakları, etanol ile hazırlanan çözücüde ekstrakte edilmiş daha sonra antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ile oksidatif stres indikatörü olan malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle saptanmıştır. İki bitkinin SOD ve CAT enzim aktivitesi karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek CAT ve SOD aktivitesi T.terrestris bitkisinde ölçülürken C.pastoris bitkisinde bu değerler düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05). MDA seviyeleri C.pastoris bitkisinde yüksek iken en düşük MDA seviyesi T.terrestris bitkisinde bulunmuştur (p<0.05). C.pastoris ve T.terrestris bitkileri yaprak dokularının antioksidan enzim aktivitesine sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde T.terrestris bitkisinin, C.pastoris bitkisine oranla daha fazla antioksidan enzim aktivitesine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Her iki bitkide de antioksidan aktivitenin görülmesi, sahip oldukları fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinden kaynaklandığı sonucuna varılabilir.
Projeto Rural Sustentável: Fase I: Promovendo o desenvolvimento e a agricultura de baixa emissão de carbono na Amazônia e na Mata Atlântica
Authors: Assad Luis Tadeu , Munoz Munoz Alejandro , Suarez Bonet María , Verde Selva Gracie , Brakarz Barbara
Published: April 2021

O Projeto Rural Sustentável é fruto de uma parceria de Cooperação Técnica financiada pelo Fundo Internacional para o Clima (IFC) do Governo Britânico, tendo como beneficiário o Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa). O Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) é o órgão executor do Projeto, sendo o Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade (IABS) a instituição selecionada para realizar a implementação das atividades administrativas e logísticas da Fase I. O Projeto conta também com o apoio da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) e do Banco do Brasil. Em linhas gerais, o Projeto, que acaba de finalizar a Fase I, com foco nos biomas Amazônia e Mata Atlântica, tem como objetivos melhorar o uso da terra e das florestas por pequenos(as) e médios(as) produtores(as) rurais, promover o desenvolvimento rural sustentável, reduzir a pobreza, conservar a biodiversidade e proteger o clima. O fio condutor de suas atividades tem sido o investimento na implantação de tecnologias de baixa emissão de carbono, por meio das mais variadas ações econômicas e socioambientais, de maneira complementar ao Plano de Agricultura de Baixa Emissão de Carbono - Plano ABC, um dos planos setoriais da Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima (PNMC).
Pooled Finance: Brazil's Opportunity to Finance Subnational Sustainable Infrastructure
Authors: Ambrosano Julia , Souza Leisa , Brakarz Barbara , Callau Vanessa
Published: April 2021

This briefing proposes innovative Pooled Finance Mechanisms to improve the capacity of Brazilian subnational consortiums to implement sustainable infrastructure projects. It provides a legal and financial overview on local subnational consortiums experiences and frameworks. It also analyses international Pooled Finance experiences and provides alternatives for the implementation of innovative financial structures that could leverage the countrys investment capacity in local sustainable infrastructure.
Improving Voltage Stability of Electrical Power System by Optimal Location of FACTS Devices Using an Evolutionary Method
Authors: Lemdani Soufiane , Benbouhenni Habib
Published: April 2021

In the present work, a new approach for improving voltage stability by optimal location of the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices has been discussed. We used Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an optimization technique to search the good placements of different FACTS systems in great electrical networks and its contribution to enhance voltage stability. Various FACTS devices were used in our study such as SVC, TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM, TCVR, TCPST and UPFC. The search of optimal parameters of those devices has been also investigated. The method presented in the paper was tested by using Matlab/environment. In addition, the proposed method has been implemented and tested on various IEEE power systems; 14Bus, 57Bus, and 118Bus. The obtained results show the validity of the proposed method.
A model of the operations manual speech genre in engineering communication
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Kurkan Nataliya V.
Published: April 2021

The article addresses basic genre parameters of the operations manual and aims to develop its genre model within engineering discourse. Engineering communication is becoming a subject of a special focus for linguists due to its rapid development driven by dynamic changes in technology, society and industry, which results in continuous exchange of information between the members of the engineering society. Despite the significant number of studies in the field of certain institutional discourses, the genre structure of engineering discourse, one of the promising fields of communicative linguistics, is still a research challenge due to insufficient studies of the engineering discourse as well as the professional communication in general. Since discourse is embodied in certain genres, and genres, in turn, are always included into a certain discourse field, the author proposes the idea that the engineering discourse provides a number of core genres which reflect the values, strategies and information of engineering communication. The research is based on the texts of operations manuals for the equipment produced by Russian manufacturers. The analysis of genre parameters and lexical aspects has revealed a number of key characteristics of the operations manual as well as its peculiar linguistic presentation as of a specific genre of engineering communication. The analysis proves that the operation manual genre meets the primary goal of professional communication in the engineering field. The peculiar characteristics of the studied genre are determined by the professional communicative purposes and the situation. The results of the research may be used in university lectures on professional communication, cognitive linguistics and cognitive terminology studies.