bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Hematoma Detection and Outcome Prediction in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Xu Yang , Fu Qiuyu , Qu Mengqi , Chen Junyao , Fan Jianqi , Hou Shike , Lu Lu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To develop a tool for automated subtype classification and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) on CT scans of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, outcome prediction for patients can effectively facilitate patient management.

Methods

This study presents a cascade framework for two‐stage segmentation and multi‐label classification. The hematoma region of interest (ROI) is localized, and then the ROI is cropped and resized to the original pixel size before being input into the model again to obtain the segmentation results. In multilabel classification, the mask obtained from automatic segmentation is superimposed onto the corresponding ROI and CT slices, respectively, to constitute the input image. Subsequently, the ROI image is employed as the local network input to obtain local features. Third, the CT image is utilized to construct a feature extraction network to obtain global features. Ultimately, the local and global features are fused dimensions in the pooling layer, and calculated to generate the final retrieval results. For the prediction of 14‐day in‐hospital mortality, automatically extracted hematoma subtype and volume features were integrated to enhance the widely used CRASH model.

Results

The proposed segmentation method achieves the best estimates on the Dice similarity coefficient and Jaccard Similarity Index. The proposed multilabel classification method achieved an average accuracy of 95.91%. For mortality prediction, the best model achieved an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.91 by 5‐fold cross‐validation.

Conclusions

The proposed method enhances the precision of hematoma segmentation and subtype classification. In clinical settings, the method can streamline the evaluation of ICH for radiologists, and the automatically extracted features are anticipated to facilitate prognosis assessment.
Tailored resection for persistent extramural vascular invasion in locally advanced rectal cancers
Authors: Ballal Devesh S. , Sharma Ankit , Bansod Yogesh , Ankathi Suman K. , Kazi Mufaddal , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish P.
Published: November 2024

Background

Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) is a bad prognostic feature in rectal cancer and cancers that remain EMVI positive after neoadjuvant therapy are at high risk for having involved circumferential resection margins. Conventional total mesorectal excision (TME) resections are inadequate in such cases and often lead to positive margins.

Methods

We propose a technique for the surgical management of locally advanced tumours with persistent EMVI after neoadjuvant therapy. Ten such tumours were resected using a “beyond TME” (b‐TME) approach with or without lateral pelvic lymph node dissection or seminal vesical excision.

Results

A b‐TME approach, customized to the anatomy of the tumour allowed for an R0 resection with a negative circumferential resection margin (CRM) in all 10 cases.

Conclusion

A tailored b‐TME approach can achieve good results in cases at high risk for CRM involvement.
On Certainty, Proper Confidence, and Doubt: A Postfoundationalist and Critical Realist Epistemology for Doing Constructive Theology
Authors: Kärkkäinen Veli‐Matti
Published: November 2024

The present essay1 seeks to focus on the meaning and challenges of doubt and lack of certainty in the context of doing academic theological work, whether in a Seminary setting such as my own, Fuller Theological Seminary, or in a “secular” university setting such as the University of Helsinki, my other institution. Throughout, I am raising questions such as whether any kind of certainty or confidence is available in the work of theology, particularly constructive theology, my own particular area of interest. Speaking of constructive theology, reflecting on the issues of doubt, certainty, and confidence is particularly important for the simple reason that it typically engages some non‐theological disciplines such as natural sciences with their own criteria for truth. And in my case, dialogue with some other faith traditions, including Islam, further makes the issue of doubt pertinent. To make my inquiry manageable—and hopefully also dynamic—I am carrying critical conversation with two thinkers of the 20th century, namely the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein and the missionary bishop and cultural critic of the West, Lesslie Newbigin. Whereas the mature Wittgenstein was in search of certainty towards the end of his life, Newbigin sought for proper confidence. Both of them rejected the Cartesian indubitable certainty of modernity, on the one hand, and the dismissal of the possibility of truth in many streams of late modernity on the other. While critically affirming some key arguments of these two diverse thinkers, I also see the importance of buttressing their emerging epistemological programs with the help of insights from postfoundationalist and critical–realist epistemologies. It is clear without saying that this big task can only be outlined and sketched rather than scrutinized in any detail within a 1‐h talk! My presentation is more an invitation to conversation and less any kind of finished project. I will first engage the two protagonists. Thereafter, before the summative and concluding reflections in terms of implications to theology and faith, a brief look at the meaning and nature of postfoundationalism and critical realism is attempted.
Sentiment analysis of economic text: A lexicon‐based approach
Authors: Barbaglia Luca , Consoli Sergio , Manzan Sebastiano , Tiozzo Pezzoli Luca , Tosetti Elisa
Published: November 2024

We propose an economic lexicon (EL) specifically designed for textual applications in economics. We construct the dictionary with two important characteristics: (1) to have a wide coverage of terms used in documents discussing economic concepts, and (2) to provide a human‐annotated sentiment score in the range [−1, 1]. We illustrate the use of the EL in the context of a simple sentiment measure and consider several applications in economics. The comparison to other lexicons shows that the EL is superior due to its wider coverage of domain relevant terms and its more accurate categorization of the word sentiment.
Family and consumer sciences graduate research productivity in 2023
Authors: Alexander Karen L. , Hinson Jacinta D.
Published: November 2024

Family and consumer sciences research from graduate theses and dissertations and the resulting degrees have been reported annually in the Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal since 1992. Requests for the 2023 data began in September 2024 when 528 email invitations were sent to contacts at 163 US universities and colleges with family and consumer sciences programs. Forty‐six institutions responded with data and reported that 1550 graduate degrees were conferred collectively, with 1027 non‐thesis master's degrees, 241 master's theses, and 282 dissertations completed. This review reports graduate degree completion and highlights topical trends of the theses and dissertations completed by reporting programs.
Exploring the Effect of Plain Terminology on Processing and Comprehension of Administrative Texts in Spanish: A Self‐Paced Reading Experiment
Authors: Fernández‐Silva Sabela , Núñez Cortés Juan Antonio
Published: November 2024

Clear communication between government administrations and citizens is a challenge in democratic societies. Public administration texts often contain technical legal terms, essential to convey specialized knowledge with precision but often impenetrable to non‐experts. The plain language movement provides guidelines for simplifying legal‐administrative texts, recommending avoiding, explaining, or replacing technical terms with more transparent synonyms. This study assesses the effect of plain terminology on the processing and comprehension of administrative texts in Spanish. We conducted a self‐paced reading experiment in which participants (N = 117) read texts with legal‐administrative terms and their plain synonyms and answered comprehension questions. Results showed that plain terms significantly improved comprehension but did not reduce reading times. Mixed linear regression analysis revealed that other term properties—length, frequency, and comprehensibility—also influenced reading speed and comprehension. These findings suggest that these factors should be considered when proposing clear alternatives to legal terminology.
Impact of Aging on Consumer Behavior: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Zheng Zhangwei , B. A. M Hafizuddin‐Syah , Omar Zaki Hafizah , Tan Qin Lingda
Published: November 2024

This study conducted a systematic literature review integrating the TCM and ADO frameworks to analyze 46 studies published from 2014 to 2023 on the impact of aging on consumer behavior. The research adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses principles, using data from Scopus, WoS, and ScienceDirect. Results showed an increasing trend in publications focusing primarily on elderly consumers. Analysis revealed that the Theory of Planned Behavior and technology acceptance model are the most frequently used theories, with research concentrated in the United States and China. Common methods included questionnaires, structural equation modeling, and regression analysis. The ADO framework highlighted psychological and individual‐related antecedents as the most discussed. A relationship table categorizing 135 antecedents into five major categories showed a predominantly positive influence of antecedents on decisions and outcomes. Sixty aging‐related antecedents were identified, covering all but product‐related categories. The study identified critical research gaps and proposed future directions, offering insights for policymakers and practitioners to address aging society challenges and align with UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Do Therapeutic Recreation Mental Health Clinical Placements Provide Educational Experiences to Pre‐Registration Student Nurses?: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Leplaw Abigail , Fernandez Ritin , Lewer Kelly , Patterson Christopher , Moxham Lorna
Published: November 2024

Clinical placements are a critical component in any pre‐registration student nurse's skill development and play an influential role in career specialisation upon registration. However, students are reporting to feel anxious and under prepared attending clinical placements, especially within mental health settings. Such a concern was highlighted in the Australian Government's Productivity Commission into Mental Health (2020). With recommendations for clinical placements to occur in therapeutic recreation environments, allowing increased interactions between students and individuals with a lived experience. Hence, this mixed methods systematic review aims to explore the experiences of pre‐registration student nurses completing their mental health clinical placement within a therapeutic recreation environment. Six databases were searched for the review; CINHAL, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and the ProQuest Dissertation and Theses database, yielding 10 214 articles. Data were imported to COVIDENCE for management and screening processes. Risk of bias was undertaken by two authors utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for qualitative and quasi‐experimental studies and McGill's Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018 Version for mixed methods studies. Data were extracted manually for the 13 included articles which met the review inclusion criteria. Following a thematic analysis of the extracted data, three themes emerged: an optimal learning environment, impact on stigmatising beliefs and influence on future career. Findings identified that therapeutic recreation environments pose numerous education benefits for pre‐registration student nurses. It is apparent through an immersive mental health clinical placement; student nurses are able to increase their mental health understanding through the lens of those with lived experiences. Such environments challenge stigmatising beliefs held by students prior to clinical placements and can lead to an increased desire to pursue a career within the mental health speciality. This review offers an insight into the many benefits for pre‐registration student nurses who complete their mental health clinical placements in therapeutic recreation environments, including reduced stigmatising beliefs, increased mental health knowledge and improved clinical confidence.

Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023476280
Patient safety management activities and perceived workload of shift‐work nurses, moderated by the perceived importance of patient safety management
Authors: Hong Kyung Jin
Published: November 2024

Aim

To explore the relationship between patient safety management and each aspect of nurses’ workload and to report the moderating effects of the perceived importance of patient safety management on these relationships.

Background

As the importance of patient safety is emphasized, nurses’ work demands, including patient identification, infection control, and prevention of falls and pressure ulcers, are increasing. However, differences according to hospital type and nurses’ increased workload have not been considered when measuring nurses’ workload.

Methods

This study used a cross‐sectional research design and an online survey, adhering to the STROBE reporting guidelines. The study population consisted of 215 shift‐work nurses employed in tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. Data were collected in January 2024.

Results

Patient safety management activities had a positive effect on the pace and amount of work, emotional workload, and mental workload, and a negative effect on work organization (interruption). The perceived importance of patient safety management negatively moderated the effects of perceived patient safety management activities on emotional workload and work organization.

Conclusion

This study clarifies the relationship between patient safety activities and each aspect of nurses’ workload. The additional demands on nurses due to patient safety management activities should be considered when measuring their workloads and determining adequate nurse staffing levels.

Implications for nursing and health policy

To manage the burden of nurses’ work demands effectively, it is essential to maintain adequate staffing levels and continuously monitor the patient safety climate. This approach will increase nurses’ perception of the importance of patient safety management. Continuous education on patient safety should also be provided.
The impact of frequency and stakes of formative assessment on student achievement in higher education: A learning analytics study
Authors: Bulut Okan , Gorgun Guher , Yildirim‐Erbasli Seyma Nur
Published: November 2024

Background

Research shows that how formative assessments are operationalized plays a crucial role in shaping their engagement with formative assessments, thereby impacting their effectiveness in predicting academic achievement. Mandatory assessments can ensure consistent student participation, leading to better tracking of learning progress. Optional assessments may encourage voluntary engagement, potentially leading to a more genuine reflection of student understanding. Also, frequent assessments provide continuous opportunities for feedback and adjustment, which can keep students actively engaged in the learning process.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate two crucial facets of formative assessments: frequency and the level of stakes involved (mandatory vs. optional). We examine how modifying the frequency of formative assessments affects students' course performance. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of mandatory versus optional formative assessments on students' course performance in higher education.

Methods

The sample of this study consisted of undergraduate students (n = 336) enrolled in three sections of a large asynchronous course at a Canadian university. We extracted features associated with online formative assessments (e.g., the number of attempts and average scores) from the learning management system. Next, we used these features to predict students' performance in summative assessments (two midterms and a final exam).

Results and Conclusions

Our findings indicated that increasing the frequency of online formative assessments did not consistently improve student performance. Also, participation frequency in online formative assessments seemed to vary depending on assessment stakes (i.e., optional vs. mandatory). We recommend that instructors examine what conditions can maximize the contribution of formative assessments to students' academic achievement before building predictive models.
Risk stratification for ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Goldenberg Ido , Younis Arwa , Huang David T. , Rosero Spencer , Kutyifa Valentina , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Steinberg Jonathan S. , Zareba Wojciech , Goldenberg Ilan , Aktaş Mehmet K.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator reduces mortality among patients with heart failure (HF) due to ischemic heart disease. Clinical trial data have called into question the benefit of an ICD in patients with HF due to nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). We developed a risk stratification score for ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) among patients with NICM receiving a primary prevention ICD.

Methods

The study population comprised 1515 patients with NICM who were enrolled in the landmark MADIT trials. Fine and Gray analysis was used to develop a model to predict the occurrence of VTAs and ICD therapies while accounting for the competing risk of non‐arrhythmic mortality. External validation was carried out in the RAID Trial population.

Results

Four risk factors associated with increased risk for VTA were identified: male sex, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤25%, no indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT‐D), and Black race. A score was generated based on this model, and patients were stratified into low (N = 390), intermediate (N = 728), and high‐risk (N = 387) groups. The 5‐year cumulative incidences of VTA were 15%, 24%, and 42%, respectively. Application of score groups for the secondary endpoints of Fast VT or VF and Appropriate ICD Shock revealed similar findings. Recurrent event analysis yielded consistent results. The AUC in the validation cohort for the endpoint of Appropriate ICD Shock was 69.3.

Conclusions

Our study shows that patients with NICM can be risk stratified using demographic and clinical variables and may be used when evaluating such patients for a primary prevention ICD.
Efficacy and safety of tozorakimab in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: A Phase 2a randomized controlled trial (FRONTIER‐2)
Authors: Silverberg J. I. , Mustapa M. N. , Reid F. , Lei A. , Smith R. , Moate R. , Kelly A. , Chen R. , Gavala M. , Jimenez E. , Belvisi M. G. , Sadiq M. W. , Kell C. , Pandya H. C.
Published: November 2024

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. Tozorakimab is a high‐affinity human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin‐33, a broad‐acting alarmin cytokine that is over‐expressed in keratinocytes of patients with AD.

Objectives

This Phase 2a study (FRONTIER‐2; NCT04212169) evaluated the safety and efficacy of tozorakimab in adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD.

Methods

FRONTIER‐2 was a randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, double‐blind study conducted from 9 December 2019 to 20 September 2022 at 32 centres across six countries. Patients were randomized 3:1:1:3 to receive placebo, tozorakimab 60 mg, tozorakimab 300 mg or tozorakimab 600 mg by subcutaneous injection once every 4 weeks for four doses. The primary endpoint was percentage change from baseline to Week 16 in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score in patients treated with tozorakimab versus placebo. Secondary outcomes included EASI‐75 responders (patients achieving ≥75% reduction from baseline in EASI score), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) responders (patients achieving an IGA score of 0 or 1), pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and safety.

Results

Overall, 148 patients were randomized. There was no statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint (60 mg difference of 1.3 [90% confidence interval (CI): −13.7, 16.2], p = 0.888; 300 mg: difference of 5.9 [90% CI: −10.4, 22.1], p = 0.549; 600 mg: difference of − 1.7 [90% CI: −13.4, 10.0], p = 0.807). The proportion of EASI‐75 and IGA 0/1 responders at Week 16 was numerically higher in the tozorakimab 600 mg group than in the placebo group (EASI‐75: 18.2% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.094; IGA 0/1: 9.1% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.113). Serum pharmacokinetics were dose‐dependent, immunogenicity incidence was low and tozorakimab was well tolerated.

Conclusions

FRONTIER‐2 did not show a statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint for tozorakimab compared with placebo. However, numerical increases in responder rates were observed.
Tri‐Trophic Interactions of Cabbage Cultivars, a Generalist Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the Braconid Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh
Authors: Shanker Chitra , Rizvi Syed Z. M. , Liu Jian , Johnson Anne C. , Gurr Geoff
Published: November 2024

The tri‐trophic interactions among five cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cultivars—Copenhagen Market (CM), Red Acre (RA), Vertus Savoy (VS), Sugarloaf (SL) and Danish Ballhead (DBH)—a generalist aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and its parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh, were assessed. Copenhagen Market, known for its reported aphid resistance, recorded the fewest aphids (9.11 per plant; F = 6.50; df = 4, p < 0.01), followed closely by Red Acre (11.83 per plant), which was statistically similar. Upon aphid attack, all cultivars produced plant volatiles that influenced the attraction of the parasitoid, D. rapae. Copenhagen Market consistently showed a higher response across cultivar combinations, attracting 62.59%–67.50% of parasitoids. It also recorded a higher parasitisation rate (39.9%; F = 5.94; df = 4/20, p < 0.01) in a multiple‐choice test. The results indicate that cabbage cultivars employ both constitutive and induced resistance, as aphid‐resistant cultivars were also found to be more attractive to parasitoids. In addition to plant odour cues, factors such as plant colour, texture and host aphid kairomones can influence the orientation and parasitisation by D. rapae.
How to Conduct and Publish Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses in Dentistry
Authors: Prott L. S. , Carrasco‐Labra A. , Gierthmuehlen P. C. , Blatz M. B.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To provide a guide for conducting systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in dentistry, with emphasis on translating research findings into clinical practice.

Overview

Systematic reviews are essential tools for synthesizing research findings and translating evidence into clinical practice. These reviews help to identify the most effective treatment options and to determine areas requiring further research. A structured approach, including defining a concise research question, conducting comprehensive literature searches, and assessing the risk of bias, is critical for ensuring the review's trustworthiness. The GRADE approach facilitates the assessment of the certainty of evidence, which is crucial for formulating conclusions and making informed clinical decisions.

Conclusion

Systematic reviews provide invaluable insights into clinical decision‐making by compiling, analyzing, and synthesizing multiple primary studies. Following a rigorous methodology ensures that systematic reviews are comprehensive, unbiased, and clinically relevant, ultimately contributing to better patient care and achieving better clinical outcomes.

Clinical Significance

Methodologically sound systematic reviews and meta‐analyses provide clinicians with high‐quality, synthesized evidence, enabling informed clinical decisions and improved patient outcomes. They save time by consolidating research, informing treatment choices, and facilitating the translation of knowledge into clinical practice.
Effect of Gradient Vacuum Pressure on Quality Parameters of Vacuum‐Fried Bananas Chips
Authors: Nam Tran Cong , Huy Truong Khac , Danh Tran Cong , Suong Ngo Thao , Nhu Le Thi Quynh , Nguyen Quang D. , Vuong Nguyen Duc
Published: November 2024

The effect of vacuum pressure mode has not been studied depth yet. Effect of vacuum pressure on the quality of vacuum‐fried banana slices was studies in this work. Three vacuum frying processes were conducted and tested. Classically, two constant vacuum pressures 80 (CVF‐80) and 180 mmHg (CVF‐180) were applied in the frying process at 90°C. One novel frying method with gradient vacuum pressure (GVF) changed from 760 to 80 mmHg was conducted and adapted. The frying temperature was kept at 90°C. The frying processes were monitoring by moisture contents and 4% was generally accepted as moisture content of final product. Meanwhile, the frying times of CVF‐80, CVF‐180 and GVF were 50, 80 and 60 min, whereas the brightness values (L*) were corresponded to 71.07, 71.36, 67.25, respectively. The GVF samples were brightest with lowest hardness value (30.8 N) and the CVF‐180 was darkest with highest hardness value (36.87 N). The microstructure analysis showed that the GVF increase in both size and number of pores in comparison with CVF. Additionally, based on the paired comparison sensorial test the GVF fried banana slices were crisper than CVF samples. Our results revealed that the GVF method improves the quality of vacuum‐fried banana slices, thus it can be good alternative method for production of banana snack.
Assessing corneal dendritic cells in glucose dysregulation small‐fibre neuropathy
Authors: Idiaquez Juan Francisco , Barnett‐Tapia Carolina , Perkins Bruce A. , Bril Vera
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Small‐fibre neuropathy (SFN) is associated with glucose dysregulation, including impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) offers a non‐invasive tool to assess corneal nerve damage and dendritic cell density (DCD). In this study, we investigated corneal DCD in patients with SFN and glucose dysregulation, defined as IGT or T2D.

Methods

We enrolled 38 patients with SFN + glucose dysregulation, 51 with SFN + non‐glucose dysregulation and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent neurological examination, neurophysiology and CCM.

Results

Individuals with SFN and glucose dysregulation had higher DCD compared with healthy controls (p = .01), and mature DCD was higher in IGT SFN patients than in T2D patients.

Interpretation

Higher DCD in IGT compared with controls and patients with established T2D may suggest that DCD is a biomarker of early neuropathy.
Political skill and informal leader emergence: The role of relationships, competence and outcome interdependence
Authors: Liu Shengming , Summers James K. , Guo Ning , Li Xiaoxuan , Wang Hui
Published: November 2024

Political skill facilitates political influence, enabling individuals to distinguish themselves within an organization. The influence of political skill operates through three primary processes: interpersonal, behavioural and intrapsychic. These processes provide a comprehensive understanding of how political skill functions within an organizational context. According to political influence theory, we propose that political skill can promote informal leader emergence through its interpersonal process, which enhances team member relationship quality, and its behavioural process, which demonstrates peer‐perceived competence. Furthermore, by integrating political influence theory with social interdependence theory, we identify outcome interdependence as a mechanism that elicits intrapsychic processes, specifically as a moderator that influences the indirect effect of political skill on informal leader emergence. Results from two multi‐wave, multi‐sourced studies provide empirical support for the notion that political skill encourages employees to emerge as informal leaders within a team by increasing team member relationship quality and peer‐perceived competence. Additionally, outcome interdependence amplifies the indirect and positive effects of political skill on informal leader emergence. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
The Bourdieusian Unconscious: The Scientific and Political Significance of the Sociological Treatment of a Psychoanalytic Concept
Authors: Csányi Gergely
Published: November 2024

From the very beginning of Pierre Bourdieu's oeuvre, but with increasing intensity, one can find expressions that are either explicitly taken from psychoanalysis, or at least have a psychoanalytic meaning. This paper aims to contribute to the existing discourse on Bourdieu's relation to psychoanalysis by examining the meaning of Bourdieu's most frequently used term, unconscious, which is also a key one in psychoanalysis, in Bourdieu's writings. In a brief introduction, I outline Bourdieu's relationship to psychoanalysis based on the literature and Bourdieu's texts, and argue that although Bourdieu's relationship with psychoanalysis remained controversial over the years, there is a growing integrative tendency, with psychoanalysis playing an increasingly important—even if sometimes hidden—role in his texts. In the main body of the paper, I argue that this tendency does not fully cover Bourdieu's approach to the unconscious, and that although his approach to the unconscious is not independent of the tendency discussed in the previous section, a dichotomy can be observed from the beginning to the end of the oeuvre, namely the parallel use of the unconscious in the sociological and psychoanalytic sense, and the lack of clarity regarding the relationship between the two. Finally, in the last section, I point out that socioanalysis, as an emancipatory project, should have clarified its position on the unconscious, because it marks the limits of the actors' potential for self‐reflexivity, which can also shape political strategies.
Capturing uncertainty intuition in road maintenance decision‐making using an evidential neural network
Authors: Hei Tianqing , Lin Zhixin , Dong Zezhen , Tong Zheng , Ma Tao
Published: November 2024

Decision‐making of project‐level road maintenance is the process of mapping road information into a maintenance plan. Even though benefitting from deep learning, the decision‐making still faces the problem of maintenance data uncertainty. The data uncertainty derives from imperfect road information collection and arbitrary selection of maintenance plans. Such uncertainty always leads to unreasonable maintenance decision‐making. This study proposes an evidential approach using information entropy (IE) and Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) to capture and handle uncertainty in the decision‐making of project‐level road maintenance. The approach first uses an IE‐based judgment method (IE‐based method) to capture and observe quantitative data uncertainty. The DST‐based method is then developed to handle maintenance data uncertainty through utilizing evidential neural network and set‐valued decision‐making. A numerical experiment is performed on the maintenance data with 280 km of semi‐rigid base highways in China. The results indicate that the IE‐based method can measure the data uncertainty in the information of road sections. The DST‐based method captures the cautious intuition on the selection of maintenance plans, thereby reducing the decision error rate by over 14% under specific conditions when facing data uncertainty.
Mitochondrial AOX1a and an H2O2 feed‐forward signalling loop regulate flooding tolerance in rice
Authors: Nguyen Cong Danh , Lu Chun‐Hsien , Chen Yi‐Shih , Lee Hsiang‐Ting , Lo Shuen‐Fang , Wei An‐Chi , Ho Tuan‐Hua David , Yu Su‐May
Published: November 2024

Flooding is a widespread natural disaster that causes tremendous yield losses of global food production. Rice is the only cereal capable of growing in aquatic environments. Direct seeding by which seedlings grow underwater is an important cultivation method for reducing rice production cost. Hypoxic germination tolerance and root growth in waterlogged soil are key traits for rice adaptability to flooded environments. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a non‐ATP‐producing terminal oxidase in the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain, but its role in hypoxia tolerance had been unclear. We have discovered that AOX1a is necessary and sufficient to promote germination/coleoptile elongation and root development in rice under flooding/hypoxia. Hypoxia enhances endogenous H2O2 accumulation, and H2O2 in turn activates an ensemble of regulatory genes including AOX1a to facilitate the conversion of deleterious reactive oxygen species to H2O2 in rice under hypoxia. We show that AOX1a and H2O2 act interdependently to coordinate three key downstream events, that is, glycolysis/fermentation for minimal ATP production, root aerenchyma development and lateral root emergence under hypoxia. Moreover, we reveal that ectopic AOX1a expression promotes vigorous root and plant growth, and increases grain yield under regular irrigation conditions. Our discoveries provide new insights into a unique sensor–second messenger pair in which AOX1a acts as the sensor perceiving low oxygen tension, while H2O2 accumulation serves as the second messenger triggering downstream root development in rice against hypoxia stress. This work also reveals AOX1a genetic manipulation and H2O2 pretreatment as potential targets for improving flooding tolerance in rice and other crops.
A Novel Ah‐miR2916–AhERF13–AhSUC3 Module Regulates Al Tolerance via Ethylene‐Mediated Signaling in Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.)
Authors: Shi Yusun , Liao Guoting , Li Ailing , Li Xinyue , Xiao Dong , Wang Aiqin , He Longfei , Zhan Jie
Published: November 2024

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils leads to a considerable reduction in crop yields. MicroRNAs play essential roles in abiotic stress responses, but little is known of their role in the response of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) to Al stress. In this study, a novel Ah‐miR2916 (miR2916)–AhERF13–AhSUC3 module was found to be involved in the Al‐stress response via ethylene‐mediated signaling in peanut. Overexpression of miR2916 in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced Al tolerance by downregulating ethylene biosynthesis, while knockdown miR2916 in peanut enhanced Al tolerance. Notably, the APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (ERF), AhERF13, was identified as a potential target of miR2916. AhERF13 expression was increased in miR2916 knockdown peanut lines and displayed an opposing pattern to that of miR2916 under Al stress. Consistently, knockdown AhERF13 peanut lines indicated that AhERF13 positively regulates Al tolerance by upregulating ethylene biosynthesis. AhERF13 was shown capable of binding to an ERF motif in the promoter region of sucrose transport protein 3 (AhSUC3) and positively regulate its expression. Consequently, AhSUC3 improved Al tolerance by upregulating ethylene biosynthesis. These results provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms operating during peanut response to Al stress, and suggests targets for manipulation in breeding programs for improved Al tolerance.
Peripheral molecular and brain structural profile implicated stress activation and hyperoxidation in methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Su Hang , Song Weichen , Lv Qiming , Chen Tianzhen , Li Xiaotong , Xu Xiaomin , Li Ruihua , Sun Qianqian , Peng Sufang , Deng Di , Zhong Na , Zhao Yan , Jiang Haifeng , Du Jiang , Lin Guan Ning , Yuan Ti‐Fei , Zhao Min
Published: November 2024

Aim

Methamphetamine use disorders (MUDs) cause widespread disruptions in metabolomic and immunologic processes, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study was to find molecular and neuroimaging biomarkers for methamphetamine addiction.

Methods

In this study, we recruited 231 patients with MUD at varying stages of withdrawal and 40 healthy controls to quantify the blood levels of 52 molecules using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The overall molecular disruption caused by methamphetamine was inversely related to withdrawal time (P = 0.0008), with partial recovery observed after 1 year of follow‐up (P = 2.20 × 10−5). Molecules related to stress, immune activation, oxidative products, and cardiac injury were significantly elevated in all MUD groups, while antioxidation enzymes were downregulated. Additionally, the blood level of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor was significantly correlated with gray matter volumes in nine brain regions (fusiform gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, caudate, cerebellum crus, and vermis, adjusted P < 0.05) among patients with MUD.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that patients with MUD exhibit elevated levels of immune response, stress, and oxidative stress, which are associated with brain structural abnormalities.
Enhancing Spanish Patient Education Materials: Comparing the Readability of Artificial Intelligence‐Generated Spanish Patient Education Materials to the Society of Pediatric Dermatology Spanish Patient Brochures
Authors: Duran Sabrina , Gonzalez Andrea Medina , Nguyen Kevin , Nguyen John , Zinn Zachary
Published: November 2024

Patient education materials (PEMs) are crucial for improving patient adherence and outcomes; however, they may not be accessible due to high reading levels. Our study used seven readability measures to compare the readability of Spanish PEMs from the Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) with those generated by Open‐AI's ChatGPT 4.0 and Google Gemini. Our results showed that when prompted to produce material at a 6th grade level, both AI ChatBots generated significantly improved readability scores when compared to the SPD handouts. These findings suggest that AI‐generated PEMs could better meet readability standards and potentially improve patient outcomes, although further studies are needed to confirm this.
Assessment of the Communicable Disease Status of Children in Türkiye: A Community‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Çakır Mustafa , Boydak Zehra Berrin , İkiışık Hatice , Maral Işıl
Published: November 2024

Aim

Assessment of children's communicable disease status is effective in preventing child morbidity. This study aims to evaluate the infectious disease status of children aged 0–14 in Türkiye.

Methods

The research is a cross‐sectional study conducted using the microdataset of the “Türkiye Health Survey 2022” obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. Seven thousand nineteen individuals aged 0–14 were included in the analysis. Data on communicable diseases of children aged 0–14 years in the 6‐month period before the survey date was obtained by asking the household head.

Results

In our research, the data of 7019 individuals aged 0–14 was evaluated. It was determined that 2.2% of children had a vaccine‐preventable infectious disease in the last 6 months. It was observed that the frequency of upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and diarrhea in children was higher in the 0–6 age group than in the 7–14 age group. Urinary tract infections were more common in girls, whereas respiratory tract infections, communicable diseases, and diarrhea were more common in boys.

Conclusion

It was determined that diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infections occur in approximately one out of every three children in the 0–6 age group.
Exploring the influences of resource limitation and plant aging on pollen development in Azorella nivalis Phil. (Apiaceae), a long‐lived high‐Andean cushion plant
Authors: Strelin M. M. , Gavini S. S. , Soares N. C. , Chalcoff V. R. , Aizen M. A. , Zattara E. E. , Gleiser G. L.
Published: November 2024

Angiosperm pollen, the male gametophyte, plays a crucial role in facilitating fertilization by protecting and transporting male sperm cells to the female pistil. Despite their seemingly simple structure, pollen grains undergo intricate development to produce viable sperm cells capable of fertilizing the egg cell. Factors such as resource limitation and plant aging can disrupt normal pollen development and affect pollen performance. We investigated the influence of plant resources and aging on pollen developmental failure in Azorella nivalis Phil., an exceptionally long‐lived high‐Andean species that grows in a stressful alpine environment. Leveraging the modular nature of plants, we aimed to identify intra‐individual sources of variation in pollen developmental failure.

By using pollen viability and variation in viable pollen grain size as indicators of pollen developmental performance, we assessed whether proxies of plant resource availability and aging influenced these pollen traits at the inter‐individual, inter‐flower and intra‐flower levels.

Our findings revealed decreased pollen viability in putative resource‐depleted flowers and in shoots that experienced higher levels of meristematic divisions from the zygote (i.e., greater cell depth). Additionally, we observed increased variability in the size of viable pollen grains in resource‐depleted anthers.

Our study suggests that resource availability and shoot aging are critical determinants shaping pollen development in long‐lived plants at the intra‐individual level. These findings contribute to our understanding of how differences in male fitness can arise in plants, with implications for their evolutionary trajectory.
A case‐by‐case analysis of EPN and LPP components within a “one‐picture‐per‐emotion‐category” protocol
Authors: Schupp Harald T. , Flösch Karl‐Philipp , Flaisch Tobias
Published: November 2024

Stimuli encountered in the environment are continuously evaluated according to their affective stimulus significance. Numerous event‐related potential studies have shown that the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP) are larger for high than low arousing emotional pictures. The group approach has been recently extended to the study of the individual case. Usually, many exemplars are used to represent an emotion category. Determining how many pictures are needed to reliably assess affective stimulus evaluation processes at the individual level is crucial when moving toward the goal of exploring idiosyncratic emotional stimuli. Accordingly, in the present study (N = 16), singular images displaying erotic, neutral, and mutilation content were shown 800 times while dense sensor EEG was recorded. At the group level, enhanced EPN and LPP amplitudes for high compared to low arousing stimuli emerged. At the single subject level, significantly larger amplitudes to the erotic than neutral image were observed in 15 out of 16 tests for the EPN and LPP components. Regarding the mutilation image, 15 participants showed a significant EPN effect, while the LPP effect was only found in 10 cases. Notably, emotional modulation of the EPN and LPP was stable over time. The present study contributes to the development of experimental designs tailored to the needs of the case‐by‐case approach. Since the process of affective stimulus evaluation is considered as a process common‐to‐all, the use of a singular stimulus exemplar may prove useful to investigate the idiosyncratic nature of emotion.
The potential of collaborative solutions to improve management of California (United States) wildlands
Authors: Eriksson Max , Safeeq Mohammad , Egoh Benis , Pathak Tapan , Lugg Jaquelyn , O'Geen Anthony , Keske Catherine , Bales Roger
Published: November 2024

Across the western United States and elsewhere, the frequency and intensity of wildland fires are projected to increase, posing a challenge to natural‐resource management. While collaborative, multi‐benefit partnerships can provide opportunities to overcome barriers to effective management, in many cases these collaborations have been slow to form. To investigate this issue, we surveyed natural‐resource professionals in California to identify barriers to effective management and potential solutions in the form of collaborations. Analyzing our data using social network analysis, results show that limited financial and human capital were the most salient barriers in our sample, while lack of public support and data were less common concerns. Collaboration networks were dominated by land‐management and other public agencies, as they were the most frequently mentioned as collaborators. Tribes, universities, private‐sector organizations, and watershed‐service providers mentioned other actors as collaborators more often than they were mentioned as collaborators, while the opposite was true for land‐management and other public agencies. Universities, land managers, watershed‐service providers, and private‐sector organizations displayed a strong desire to establish new collaborations, while other public agencies and tribes displayed less of a desire to do so. Overall, this study highlights insufficient financial and human capital as barriers confronting natural‐resource management in California. It also shows that organizations with the capacity and capability to help mitigate these shortcomings, such as the private sector and universities, are among those most positive toward additional collaborations. Our findings suggest that initiatives to expand regional collaborative partnerships could increase the effectiveness of natural‐resource management in California.
Teaching principles in Type 1 error and reproducible research using dice
Authors: Minard Charles G.
Published: November 2024

Controlling Type 1 error and encouraging reproducible research are important in clinical and translational research. These concepts are frequently discussed in lectures with mathematical language, analytic examples, and probability distributions that demonstrate the issues. However, first‐time learners in biostatistics courses focusing on fundamental topics may benefit from a more interactive demonstration in which learners participate, contribute to the results, and have a personal stake in the outcomes. This article summarizes a simple activity using dice to simulate Type 1 error that requires minimal preparation and cost. The activity may be appropriate for learners enrolled in a first course in statistics, biostatistics, or probability.
Where Should Additional City Benches be Installed to Reduce Continuous Walking Distance? Comparison of Incrementally and Simultaneously Added Installations
Authors: Usui Hiroyuki
Published: November 2024

The present locations of city benches show the required continuous walking distance, which can be defined as the distance from a city bench to the furthest neighboring one, called the furthest neighbor distance (FND). However, we lack a method for identifying where additional city benches should be installed incrementally to reduce the FND. The aim of this paper is thus (1) to develop a new method for determining the priority of the locations of new benches, subject to the number of city benches; and (2) to investigate the relationship between the priority and the reduction of the FND. The reduction of the FND is quantified based on the probability of an FND greater than 100 m. The empirical study around Tokyo Central Station showed that if reducing the probability of the FND being greater than 100 m is the top priority, additional city benches should be installed simultaneously.