bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverging cohesion? Globalisation, state capacity and regional inequalities within and across European countries
Authors: Charron Nicholas
Published: December 2013

Why do increases in globalisation in the face of European expansion lead to sharp levels of regional divergences in wealth in some countries but not in others? The central crux of this paper is that convergence/divergence trends in European states are conditioned by ‘state capacity’. State capacity – which we define here as a combination of impartial bureaucratic practices, corruption and the rule of law – limits, and in some cases reverses the tendency towards greater divergence linked to trade. Countries with high levels of state capacity – that is, those that have greater government effectiveness, stronger rule of law and lower corruption – experience lower levels of divergence, as they have the mechanisms to counterbalance the strong centripetal forces linked to openness. This claim is tested on countries that have experienced relatively high levels of increases in levels of economic and political globalisation – European Union (EU) member states – using aggregated regional-level data from 1995 to 2008. Strong and robust empirical evidence is found for this claim.
Parent Caregiver Self-Efficacy and Child Reactions to Pediatric Cancer Treatment Procedures
Authors: Peterson Amy M. , Harper Felicity W. K. , Albrecht Terrance L. , Taub Jeffrey W. , Orom Heather , Phipps Sean , Penner Louis A.
Published: December 2013

This study examined how parents’ sense of self-efficacy specific to caregiving for their child during cancer treatment procedures affected children’s distress and cooperation during procedures. Potential correlates of caregiver self-efficacy (ie, demographics, child clinical characteristics, parent dispositional attributes, and social support) were also examined. Participants were 119 children undergoing cancer treatment procedures and their parents. Parents’ self-efficacy about 6 procedure-specific caregiver tasks was measured. Parents, children, nurses, and observers rated child distress and parents, nurses and observers rated child cooperation during procedures. Higher parent self-efficacy about keeping children calm during procedures predicted lower child distress and higher child cooperation during procedures. Parent dispositional attributes (eg, enduring positive mood, empathy) and social support predicted self-efficacy. Parent caregiver self-efficacy influences child distress and cooperation during procedures and is associated with certain parent attributes. Findings suggest the utility of identifying parents who would benefit from targeted interventions to increase self-efficacy about caregiving during treatment procedures.
Science, Social Work, and Intervention Research
Authors: Jenson Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2013

Intervention research is an important, yet often neglected, focus of social work scholars and investigators. The purpose of this article is to review significant milestones and recent advances in intervention research. Methodological and analytical developments in intervention research are discussed in the context of science and social work. Critical Time Intervention, a psychosocial approach to preventing homelessness and improving mental health outcomes among adult populations, is described as an example of rigorous intervention research in social work.
Embodied Mind Knowledge in Leadership Practice
Authors: Karssiens Amaranta E. A. , van der Linden Claartje , Wilderom Celeste P. M. , Furtmueller Elfi
Published: December 2013

This article invites leaders and managers who are successful in their work, but feel unfulfilled and stressed, to create space in their fixed patterns of thinking and acting. Creating such space generates the possibility of experiencing meaningfulness and satisfaction at work and producing innovative results. Space in the head creates space at the conference table. We explain and link the notions of “embodied mind,” “way of being,” and “basic goodness.” Given that behavioral patterns also manifest themselves in the senses, breathing, and the body, the creation of space may occur through opening of the senses; slowing down one’s breathing and doing slow movement exercises. Leaders who develop the ability to create flexibility in their behavioral patterns can become agile, for instance in their use of power when this serves an organizational necessity. They can approach situations with an open and non-judgmental attitude when this is more appropriate. The contribution of this article lies in identifying a path to access the full potential of human thinking and acting, where success and fulfillment can go hand in hand.
A holistic approach to concurrent engineering and its application to robotics
Authors: Chhabra Robin , Emami M Reza
Published: December 2013

This article details a holistic concurrent design framework, based on fuzzy logic, which is suitable for multidisciplinary systems. The methodology attempts to enhance communication and collaboration between different disciplines through introducing the universal notion of satisfaction and expressing the holistic behavior of multidisciplinary systems using the notion of energy. Throughout the design process, it uses fuzzy logic to formalize subjective aspects of design including the impact of the designer’s attitude, resulting in the simplification of the multi-objective constrained optimization process. In the final phase, the methodology adjusts the designer’s subjective attitude based on a holistic system performance by utilizing an energy-based model of multidisciplinary systems. The efficiency of the resulting design framework is illustrated by improving the design of a 5-degree-of-freedom industrial robot manipulator.
Interface diagram: Design tool for supporting the development of modularity in complex product systems
Authors: Bruun Hans Peter Lomholt , Mortensen Niels Henrik , Harlou Ulf
Published: December 2013

For products with a myriad of systems, groups of specialised engineers develop entire technical sub-systems, and great effort is needed to integrate these systems for fulfilling the product’s intended properties describing its purposeful behaviour. This way of developing products gets even more complex when using a mass customisation strategy because standard designs (reusable modules) have to be designed to fit a range of products. This product development set-up requires that engineers working in different technical domains collaborate and are able to share information in a unified way. This article presents a visual design tool – the Interface diagram– which aims to support the engineering process of developing modularity in complex product systems. The tool is a model of a product system representing the arrangement of its elements and their interfaces. The tool has similar characteristics to a high-level product architecture model, aiming at supporting integration of technical sub-systems by documenting interfaces and interactions among components from different functional sub-systems and among different physical modules. One of the objectives for using the design tool is to support the activity of decomposing a product system into modules consisting of components developed by different engineering teams. The usefulness of the Interface diagram has been tested in an industrial development project showing positive results of shortening the lead time and minimising rework. Moreover, the Interface diagram has been used in interplay with a broader Product Lifecycle Management system. This allows the product structures from the Interface diagram to be enriched with detailed product documentation like computer-aided design, requirements, view models, design specifications and interface descriptions.
Evaluation of trade-offs between workflow escalation strategies
Authors: Si Yain-Whar , Dumas Marlon , Chan Ka-Leong
Published: December 2013

Workflows in the service industry are subject to exceptional circumstances that affect the ability to complete work in a timely manner. For instance, workflows may need to deal with sudden spikes in customer demand due to a variety of events such as promotional deals, product launches, major news, or natural disasters. Escalation strategies can be incorporated into the design of a workflow so that it can cope with sudden spikes in the number of service requests while mitigating the effects of missed deadlines. In this article, we propose a method for evaluating escalation strategies using simulation technology. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a workflow from an insurance company.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Brief Measure of Dysfunctional Individuation
Authors: Stey Paul C. , Hill Patrick L. , Lapsley Daniel
Published: December 2013

Individuation is widely considered a fundamental developmental task of adolescence. It is a process through which the adolescent seeks to define new boundaries between his or her self and others, and the failure to do so has been shown to have serious consequences. Given its importance for understanding developmental transitions, it is surprising that there are few assessments of dysfunctional individuation. Over three studies, we provide evidence of a promising new measure of this important construct: the 10-item Dysfunctional Individuation Scale (DIS). Using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, we demonstrate that the DIS possesses a strong one-factor structure and excellent psychometric properties. Furthermore, we document the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the DIS through its relationships with indices of individuation, adjustment, and clinically relevant symptoms. Finally, we examine the incremental validity of the DIS over neuroticism as a predictor of depression (Beck Depression Inventory–II).
Evaluation of the Internal Consistency, Factor Structure, and Validity of the Depression Change Expectancy Scale
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Dozois David J. A. , Backs-Dermott Barb J.
Published: December 2013

The psychometric properties and predictive validity of the Depression Change Expectancy Scale (DCES), a modification of an expectancy scale originally developed for patients with anxiety disorders, were examined in two studies. In Study 1, the 20-item scale was administered along with a battery of questionnaires to a sample of 416 dysphoric undergraduate students and demonstrated good internal consistency. A two-factor solution most parsimoniously accounted for the variance, with one factor containing all pessimistically worded items (DCES-P) and the second containing all optimistically worded items (DCES-O). The DCES-P showed patterns of correlations with other measures of related constructs consistent with hypothesized relationships; the DCES-O showed similar, but weaker, relationships with the other measures. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the predictive utility of the DCES in a clinical sample of 63 adults (Study 2). Improved depressive symptoms (over 6 weeks) were strongly associated with optimistic expectancies but were unrelated to pessimistic expectancies for change. The DCES appears to be a promising measure of expectancies for improvement among individuals with depressive symptoms.
Media Education Initiatives by Media Organizations
Authors: Chu Donna , Lee Alice Y. L.
Published: December 2013

As more media organizations have engaged in media education, this paper investigates the goals and practices of these activities. This article coins media education initiatives by media organizations with the term media-organization media literacy (MOML). Four MOML projects in Hong Kong were selected for examination. Built on critical theory of literacy, it argues that the meaning of media literacy cannot be separated from the social institution in which it is practiced or the social processes whereby practitioners acquire it. The article conceptualizes the “use” of MOML through taking account of both the structural principles of the media organizations and the agency effort of the media practitioners. Findings show that how the MOML programs are used is the result of the structuration process conducted in the media organization setting. It rejects the simple notion that MOML programs are generally dominated by media organizations’ commercial motive.
Outcomes of Short Course Interprofessional Training in Domestic Violence and Child Protection
Authors: Szilassy Eszter , Carpenter John , Patsios Demi , Hackett Simon
Published: December 2013

The interrelationship between domestic violence and child protection is well established, yet deficiencies in interprofessional collaboration have been reported and training is advocated as a solution. This study evaluates the outcomes of short interagency and interprofessional training in domestic abuse. Participants’ attitudes and knowledge were assessed using a self-report scale and compared in a double-baseline time-series design. Participants ( N = 177) were recruited from a range of agencies in England. There were consistent, statistically significant improvements in participants’ attitudes, knowledge, and self-confidence between the start and end of course ( p < .001). The long-term outcomes of training and the implementation of learning, however, remain uncertain.
Undocumented Latina Networks and Responses to Domestic Violence in a New Immigrant Gateway
Authors: Reina Angelica S. , Maldonado Marta María , Lohman Brenda J.
Published: December 2013

New immigrant gateways differ significantly from areas of established settlement, with repercussions for domestic violence situations. Through interviews and a focus group with undocumented Latinas, we examine one specific area of such difference, that of formal and informal networks. These networks affect women’s ability to seek and obtain help and procure their overall well-being. Findings suggest that the incorporation of Latinas into new gateways entails a reconfiguration of social ties and an increased level of isolation that renders immigrant women particularly vulnerable and ill-equipped to respond to domestic violence situations. We examine the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
The Cerruti problem in dipolar gradient elasticity
Authors: Anagnostou DS , Gourgiotis PA , Georgiadis HG
Published: December 2013

The classical three-dimensional Cerruti problem of an isotropic half-space subjected to a concentrated tangential load on its surface is revisited here in the context of dipolar gradient elasticity. This generalized continuum theory encompasses the analytical possibility of size effects, which are absent in the classical theory, and has proven to be very successful in modelling materials with complex microstructure. The dipolar gradient elasticity theory assumes a strain-energy density function, which besides its dependence upon the standard strain terms, depends also on strain gradients. In this way, this theory can be viewed as a first-step extension of classical elasticity. The solution method is based on integral transforms and is exact. Of special importance is the behaviour of the new solution near to the point of application of the load where pathological singularities exist in the classical solution (based on the standard theory). The present results show departure from the ones predicted by the classical elasticity theory. Indeed, continuous and bounded displacements are found at the point of application of the load. Such a behaviour of the displacement field is, of course, more natural than the singular behaviour present in the classical solution.
Multiscale modelling for composites with energetic interfaces at the micro- or nanoscale
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou G , Javili A , Steinmann P
Published: December 2013

A homogenization framework is developed that accounts for the effect of size at the micro- or nanoscale. This is achieved by endowing the interfaces of the micro- or nanoscopic features with their own independent structure, using the theory of surface elasticity. Following a standard small-strain approach for the microscopic deformation in terms of the macroscopic strain tensor, a Hill-type averaging condition is used to link the two scales. A procedure for determining overall effective properties in the case of composites with elastic components and elastic material interfaces is presented. A special example of multilayered composites demonstrates the correlation between a material interface and a very thin interphase layer.
Reviewing the roots of continuum formulations in molecular systems. Part III: Stresses, couple stresses, heat fluxes
Authors: Davydov D , Steinmann P
Published: December 2013

This contribution is the third part in a series devoted to the fundamental link between discrete particle systems and continuum descriptions. The basis for such a link is the postulation of the primary continuum fields such as density and kinetic energy in terms of atomistic quantities using space and probability averaging.

In this part, solutions to the flux quantities (stress, couple stress, and heat flux), which arise in the balance laws of linear and angular momentum, and energy are discussed based on the Noll’s lemma. We show especially that the expression for the stress is not unique. Integrals of all the fluxes over space are derived. It is shown that the integral of both the microscopic Noll–Murdoch and Hardy couple stresses (more precisely their potential part) equates to zero. Space integrals of the Hardy and the Noll–Murdoch Cauchy stress are equal and symmetric even though the local Noll–Murdoch Cauchy stress is not symmetric. Integral expression for the linear momentum flux and the explicit heat flux are compared to the virial pressure and the Green–Kubo expression for the heat flux, respectively.

It is proven that in the case when the Dirac delta distribution is used as kernel for spatial averaging, the Hardy and the Noll–Murdoch solution for all fluxes coincide.

The heat fluxes resulting from both the so-called explicit and implicit approaches are obtained and compared for the localized case. We demonstrate that the spatial averaging of the localized heat flux obtained from the implicit approach does not equate to the expression obtained using a general averaging kernel. In contrast this happens to be true for the linear momentum flux, i.e. the Cauchy stress.
Derivation of a linear prestressed elastic rod model from three-dimensional elasticity
Authors: Marohnić Maroje , Tambača Josip
Published: December 2013

We derive a one-dimensional model for the displacement of a longitudinally stressed elastic rod starting from a cylindrical three-dimensional linearized prestressed elastic body with a small diameter. The prestress is due to the prior elastic deformation of an isotropic, homogeneous, elastic body. We deduce the scaling of forces by a formal asymptotic expansion. Then we prove that the family of solutions of three-dimensional problems converges to the solution of the prestressed rod model. The energy of the limit model is the sum of the classical bending energy of the elastic rod and the energy of the prestressed string.
The Relationships Between ADHD and Social Functioning and Participation in Older Adults in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Michielsen Marieke , Comijs Hannie C. , Aartsen Marja J. , Semeijn Evert J. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Kooij J. J. Sandra
Published: December 2013

Objective: To examine the associations between ADHD and social functioning and participation among older adults. Method: Data were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). In 2008/2009, respondents were asked about social functioning and participation. A diagnostic interview to diagnose ADHD was administered among a subsample ( N = 231, age 60-94 years). ADHD diagnosis and level of ADHD symptoms were assessed. Results: ADHD diagnosis was associated with being divorced/never married, having less family members in their network, and emotional loneliness. Level of ADHD symptoms was associated with more emotional support given, emotional and social loneliness, greater recreational social participation, and lower income level. Conclusion: ADHD in old age is related to being divorced/never married and loneliness but not to work participation. Psycho geriatric practices should direct their attention to loneliness when treating ADHD.
Who Really Pays for Medicaid
Authors: Adams E. Kathleen , Ketsche Patricia G. , Minyard Karen J.
Published: December 2013

The goal of the Medicaid intergovernmental matching grant is to stimulate state spending while achieving some level of beneficiary and taxpayer equity. This study uses the Current Population Survey data on 174,031 families to estimate federal and state Medicaid tax burdens per family, net of tax exporting. Of the total US$305 billion spent on Medicaid in 2004, US$29.9 billion is redistributed through the grant’s Federal Medical Assistance Percentage, as residents of low-income states export federal tax burdens to higher-income states. Another US$4.5 billion in state taxes is exported via business flows and tourism with the bulk, US$3.2 billion, being exported internationally. Some states pay as little as US$.55 in “own” tax revenues while residents in states importing the burden pay up to US$1.86, for every US$1 spent on Medicaid. Since virtually all states have regressive tax structures, it is federal Medicaid funding that helps maintain vertical equity overall.
The Dynamics of the Revenue–Expenditure Nexus
Authors: Saunoris James W.
Published: December 2013

Using data from the contiguous US states from 1951 to 2008, this study examines the dynamics of the intertemporal budget constraint to better understand persistent budget deficits. The direction of causality between tax revenues and expenditures is of primary interest in answering the four hypotheses set forth in the literature: tax-spend, spend-tax, fiscal synchronization, and institutional separation. Overall, the results convey evidence in favor of the tax-spend hypothesis. The dynamics differ, however, in that states with relatively higher debt levels respond slower to fiscal imbalances and rely more on expanding debt levels. These results present a clear illustration of the fiscal adjustment mechanism and how states adapt under various institutional restraints.
Benefits of Massage Therapy for Infants With Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Neu Madalynn , Pan Zhaoxing , Workman Rachel , Marcheggiani-Howard Cassandra , Furuta Glenn , Laudenslager Mark L.
Published: December 2013

Objectives: This randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of massage therapy (MT) for relief of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The hypothesis was that, when compared to infants who received nonmassage therapy, infants who received MT would display fewer GERD symptoms, greater weight gain, greater amount of sleep, lower cortisol levels before and after treatment, and lower daily (area under the curve [AUC]) cortisol secretion. Methods: Participants were 36 infants born at term, 4–10 weeks of age at enrollment, healthy except for a diagnosis of GERD by their pediatrician, and with a score of at least 16 on the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire–Revised (I-GERQ-R). Infants were randomized to receive either MT or a nonmassage sham treatment in their homes for 30 min twice a week for 6 weeks. Data collectors and parents were blind to study condition. Results: GERD symptoms decreased in both groups and weight increased. Pretreatment salivary cortisol levels decreased significantly over time in the massage group while increasing in the nonmassage group. Daily cortisol level also decreased in the massage group and increased in the nonmassage group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: MT administered by a professional therapist did not affect symptoms of GERD differently than a sham treatment but did decrease infant stress as measured by cortisol. Research focusing on stress reduction in infants with GERD and multimodal treatments addressing GERD symptoms may yield the most effective treatment.
Vélomobile Formations-in-Action
Authors: McIlvenny Paul
Published: December 2013

Cycling is not just a skilled accomplishment by individual cyclists, it can also be social. Cycling to work with other commuters or learning to ride a bike with a caregiver, for example, both involve a keen attention to negotiating and maintaining being together in and through cycling and being seen to be together in a “mobile with”. This article reports on an investigation of some of the different vélomobile formations-in-action that involve specific arrangements of bodies on bikes and configurations of a “vélomobile with”. Video recordings of commuter and family bike rides using consumer and micro video cameras from multiangles were made to capture aural and visual features of the local organization of the ride from the participants’ perspective(s). Several phenomena are presented and discussed, including starting, stopping, and maintaining a vélomobile formation; singling up and tucking in; and stretchy mobile formations. The analysis starts by analyzing side-by-side arrangements, which are then temporarily disrupted, and finishes with formations that are more extensively stretched, but which still afford opportunities for social interaction.
Interaction Between Road Users
Authors: Haddington Pentti , Rauniomaa Mirka
Published: December 2013

This article studies how drivers offer space to other road users. The article builds on cases of space-offering collected from an audio-video corpus of real-life and real-time traffic recorded in Britain. It draws on Goffman’s research on mobile encounters, Mondada’s concept of “interactional space,” and a methodology used to study the organization of multimodal and embodied social interaction. Space-offering is a practice through which road users negotiate their spatial and mobile copresence. They may communicate this by positioning themselves in space in different ways or by drawing on mutual gaze, gestures, the car’s technology, or other multimodal resources. As road users offer space to one another, they create “space” as a members’ phenomenon and construct the flow of traffic collaboratively and in situ.
Reorganizing Mobile Formations
Authors: De Stefani Elwys , Mondada Lorenza
Published: December 2013

Guided tours are a perspicuous setting for the study of mobile formations. Guided visits are characterized by mobile phases in which the group moves forward, alternating with moments in which participants adopt a more stationary, object-focused positioning. In this article, we pay attention to specific ways of walking from one point to another as a mobile formation: We focus on mobile reorientations of the group changing the initially projected trajectory. This particular movement allows us to observe key features of mobile formations: how they are initiated, by whom, with which resources. We sketch a systematic study of multimodal practices through which various kinds of participants initiate a reorientation of the group, with a particular focus on the category of the participants initiating the reorientation (the “guide” vs. the “guided”), on the action they achieve at the beginning of a sequence in order to do so (questions, noticings, comments), and on the multimodal resources they use.
Managing Walking Together
Authors: Weilenmann Alexandra , Normark Daniel , Laurier Eric
Published: December 2013

There are a number of mundane technologies which shape pedestrian mobility such as pavements, corridors and stairs. In this paper we focus on the practical implications revolving doors as a technology have for the social organisation of people walking together. Drawing upon video recordings we analyse the observable intersubjective resources produced and used by members of the setting when walking through doors, and the interaction between formations of people as they do this. Revolving doors are turn-taking technologies that challenge mobile formations because the formations need to disassemble in order to pass through the doors, and then re-assemble again on the other side. Using an ethnomethodologically guided approach we shed light on some of the accomplishment of walking together in mobile formations.
Human Resource Management practitioners’ responses to workplace bullying: Cycles of symbolic violence
Authors: Harrington Susan , Warren Samantha , Rayner Charlotte
Published: December 2013

In the United Kingdom the majority of those reporting being bullied at work claim their manager as ‘the bully’ (Hoel and Beale, 2006). A global phenomenon, workplace bullying is damaging to those involved and hence their organizations (Einarsen et al., 2003), justifying academic attention and a practical need to develop mechanisms that tackle the phenomenon. Bullying is typically a problem ‘owned’ by Human Resource (HR) departments, yet existing evidence suggests that targets perceive HR practitioners (HRPs) as inactive, hence ineffective, in response to claims (Lewis and Rayner, 2003). However, very little is known about how HRPs themselves interpret and respond to claims of bullying. We address this gap, drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of ‘symbolic violence’ to interpret experiential interview data. Our findings suggest HRPs enact symbolic violence on employees who raise claims of bullying against their managers by attributing managerial bullying behaviours to legitimate performance management practices. A critical discourse analysis identified four interpretive mechanisms used by HRPs that served to exonerate managers from bullying behaviours, thereby protecting the interests of the organization at the expense of an employee advocacy role. These data suggest that, rather than being solely a phenomenon perpetrated by individuals, workplace bullying is often a symptom of managerialist and capitalistic discourses of intensified performance management in organizations, reinforced by the embedding of existing professionalization discourses with the field of Human Resource Management in the UK.
Reduced sick leave in multiple sclerosis after one year of natalizumab treatment. A prospective ad hoc analysis of the TYNERGY trial
Authors: Wickström Anne , Dahle Charlotte , Vrethem Magnus , Svenningsson Anders
Published: December 2013

Background:

In a retrospective study, we have previously shown that work ability was improved after the initiation of natalizumab treatment in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In another prospective trial (TYNERGY) the effect on MS-related fatigue was evaluated after 12 months of treatment with natalizumab. A comprehensive Capacity for Work Questionnaire (CWQ) was used to collect data regarding number of working hours and sickness absence. The predefined intention-to-treat analysis regarding work ability did not, however, show significant results.

Objectives:

The objective of this paper is to assess the amount of sick leave in RRMS before and after one year of natalizumab treatment and correlate it to fatigue and walking ability.

Methods:

This is a post-hoc analysis of the complete data from the CWQ used in the TYNERGY trial.

Results:

MS patients receiving sickness benefit before start of treatment reduced their sickness benefit by an absolute change of 33% after one year of natalizumab treatment. Younger age and improvement of walking ability correlated significantly with reduction of sick leave.

Conclusions:

This ad-hoc analysis of prospectively collected data supported our previous retrospective study and thus indicates a positive relationship between natalizumab treatment and improvement in work ability.
Effects of party primaries on electoral performance
Authors: Ramiro Luis
Published: December 2013

One of the most relevant aspects of party democratization is the consequence of more inclusive methods of candidate selection, and particularly of primaries, for party competition. Despite its relevance, and contrary to the attention it has received in the US, the electoral consequences of primaries have rarely been analysed in Europe. This article assesses whether the use of one member one vote (OMOV) primaries for candidate selection affects the electoral result of the party and, if it does, in what direction. The article contributes to our still limited knowledge of this aspect of European party politics with an analysis of the use of closed party primaries by the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE) and their effects on its electoral performance in local elections. With an analysis of the electoral performance of the PSOE in municipalities of 10,000 inhabitants or more for the 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2011 local elections, the article shows that OMOV primaries have, overall, positive electoral payoffs but also that their effects can vary.
Eco-friendly flame-retardant treatments for cellulosic green building materials
Authors: Sharma Naresh Kr , Verma C. S. , Chariar Vijayaraghavan M. , Prasad Rajendra
Published: December 2013

Despite significant progress having been made in the study of flame retardancy of cellulosic building materials, the quest to find the ideal flame retardant material still continues. This review paper explores various options to substitute halogenated flame retardants by halogen-free alternatives in green building materials. Conventional flame retardants do not chemically react with cellulosic building materials such as bamboo. Owing to this, they remain an extraneous part of the substrate and could easily leach out due to various factors leading to low efficiency of the flame-retardant action. Durability of flame retardancy can be ensured by applying an additive that would chemically react with at least one of the ingredients of the green building material so that the flame retardant would remain an inherent part of the substrate. This paper also describes the reaction mechanisms of various treatment methodologies for ensuring the efficacious actions of non-halogenated flame retardants in green building materials such as wood and bamboo.
Impulse vibration transmissibility characteristics in the presence of localized surface defects in deep groove ball bearing systems
Authors: Liu Jing , Shao Yimin , Lim Teik C.
Published: December 2013

The present study analyzes the impulse vibration transmission through the deep groove ball bearing systems caused by a localized surface defect on the bearing raceways. The analysis is performed to understand the use of vibration signal in rotating machines for condition monitoring and diagnostics. A new dynamic model of a deep groove ball bearing system that accounts for the contact stiffness between the outer race and housing, and includes the effect of a localized defect on raceways is formulated in this study. This model is applied to examine the effect of housing materials on the contact stiffness between the outer race and housing, and the vibration transmission characteristics through the ball bearing systems. A series of parametric studies is also performed to understand the relationships between the material properties, the outer race–housing contact stiffness, and ball bearing vibration response, and as well as the vibration transmission characteristics of the impulse caused by the defects with different sizes. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model provides a way for simulating vibration transmissibility characteristics through the ball bearing systems, which was previously not possible. An experimental investigation is also presented to validate the proposed model.
The more the merrier: Accounting for regional paradiplomats in Brussels
Authors: Tatham Michaël , Thau Mads
Published: December 2013

Although talk of a ‘Europe of the regions’ has come and gone, regions have come to Brussels but stayed. While such mobilisation has not led to the emergence of a ‘third level’, regional officials in Brussels sometimes outnumber their peers from their country’s permanent representation. Considering the perseverance and size of such a presence, we explore what factors best account for it. To this end, a series of multi-level models inform us about its determinants. Controlling for a number of economic and demographic factors, we find that different dimensions of regional authority matter when accounting for regional presence in Brussels. These findings stress the importance of domestic institutional factors when analysing the extent to which regions project themselves supranationally.
Emotions and voting in EU referendums
Authors: Garry John
Published: December 2013

There is an emerging scholarship on the emotional bases of political opinion and behaviour and, in particular, the contrasting implications of two distinct negative emotions – anger and anxiety. I apply the insights in this literature to the previously unresearched realm of the emotional bases of voting in EU referendums. I hypothesise that anxious voters rely on substantive EU issues and angry voters rely on second-order factors relating to domestic politics (partisanship and satisfaction with government). Focusing on the case of Irish voting in the Fiscal Compact referendum, and using data from a representative sample of voters, I find support for the hypotheses and discuss the implications of the findings for our understanding of the emotional conditionality of EU referendum voting.
Marketing musicscapes, or the political economy of contagious magic
Authors: Roberts Les
Published: December 2013

The economic imperatives that have driven, with various shades of success, urban regeneration initiatives in post-industrial towns and cities in the United Kingdom have sought to capitalise on a music and cultural heritage predicated on an intrinsic embeddedness in the place of the local. Building on discussions around popular musicscapes and local distinctiveness, this article explores the contention that the appeal of popular music heritage from a tourism and place-marketing perspective can in part be attributed to the ‘contagious magic’ factor: the tapping of symbolic value associated with well-known musicians and the interweaving of these narratives into the wider place-myths attached to particular locations as part of boosterist and regeneration strategies. Alongside celebrity-oriented ‘contagion’ as an efficacious tool of alchemical place branding, ‘sympathetic magic’, its anthropological twin, is ritually enacted in embodied and performative iterations of music and place, including music tourism and heritage trails, studio tours, and tribute acts. Drawing on research conducted into popular music heritage tourism in the United Kingdom, this article explores links between cultural heritage, consumption and place by examining the extent to which the ‘rubbing off’ of musical cultural capital can be said to have informed the development of a political economy of contagious magic.
Music on the edge: Busking at the Cliffs of Moher and the commodification of a musical landscape
Authors: Kaul Adam
Published: December 2013

The Cliffs of Moher is one of the most popular tourist sites in all of Ireland, and buskers have been playing traditional music there for generations. The site and traditional music have each become powerful metonyms for Irish identity. In this article, I explore the complex and changing relationship between Irish identity, music, and tourism at the cliffs. In particular, I analyze recent conflicts that have erupted between musicians and the local tourism authorities which opened a €32 million award-winning interpretive center there in 2007.
Becoming a “True Blues Fan”: Blues tourism and performances of the King Biscuit Blues Festival
Authors: Fry Robert W
Published: December 2013

Helena, Arkansas’ King Biscuit Blues Festival is a mass-produced event, where detailed schedules outline musical performances and regulate most aspects of the festival experience, yet many blues fans perceive their festival attendance as a homecoming. Such a perception is largely thanks to festival organizers and local merchants, who provide fans with an illusion of locality through performances of intimacy within the theatrical spaces of Helena’s backstage areas. In this article, I illustrate the importance of a perceived and performed locality in the realization of both the fan experience and the annual festival. Through such inclusive experiences, fans move beyond the role of spectator and, in their assumption of true fandom, encounter a heightened blues experience, take on the role of the local culture, and become a vital part of Helena’s multifaceted blues tradition. Through such fan performances, Helena and its blues tradition are revived, ensuring the success of the festival, the survival of its host city, and a continued theatrical space for performances of individuality, community, tradition, and “true” fandom.
Intersectionality and kyriarchy: A framework for approaching power and social justice in planning and climate change adaptation
Authors: Osborne Natalie
Published: December 2013

To better understand injustice in our cities, and to understand how vulnerability to impacts of climate change is constructed, scholars have noted that we need to incorporate multiple factors that shape identity and power in our analyses, including race, class, gender, ethnicity and sexuality. Less widely acknowledged is the intersectionality of these factors; that specific combinations of factors shape their own social position and thus affect experiences of power, oppression and vulnerability. To address emerging issues like climate change, it is vital to find a way to understand and approach multiple, intersecting axes of identity that shape how impacts will be distributed and experienced. This article introduces intersectionality, a concept for understanding multiple, co-constituting axes of difference and identity, and kyriarchy, a theory of power that describes the power structures intersectionality produces, and offers researchers a fresh way of approaching the interactions of power in planning research and practice.
Silenced Suffering
Authors: Logan T. K. , Walker Robert , Cole Jennifer
Published: December 2013

This article has two overall goals. First, to examine the current state of sexual violence research to highlight several shortcomings in the knowledge on partner sexual violence. Second, to describe several factors to consider in future research to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of partner sexual violence. Shortcomings of the research on partner sexual violence include (1) overreliance on dichotomous yes/no representations of sexual violence experiences; (2) lack of, or inadequate documentation of the scope and nature of partner sexual violence; (3) inadequate ways to account for impairment of consent under different circumstances; (4) difficulties in discriminating unwanted from nonconsensual sexual activities; and (5) limited information about the role sexual violence plays in the larger context of coercive control. In order to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of partner sexual assault, there is a need (1) to better understand the scope and nature of partner sexual assault and (2) to better understand the role partner sexual violence plays in coercive control. By improving the measurement of this phenomenon, victims, researchers, practitioners, and those involved in the justice system might be better equipped to respond to sexual violence among intimate partners.
“Is It a Camel? Is It a Turban? No, It’s The 99”
Authors: Santo Avi
Published: December 2013

Since 2006, Kuwait-based Teshkeel’s The 99, billed as the world’s first Islamic superhero team, has developed into a transnational cross-media brand, with theme park tie-ins, merchandizing, and an animated series coproduced with Endemol sold to nearly a dozen countries around the world. The 99 is intended to be a transformative brand that repairs and redefines Islam’s reputation through branding and marketing. Yet, attempts to bring the TV series to U.S. audiences have repeatedly been met with accusations that The 99 is attempting to indoctrinate non-Muslims into Shari’a law. American resistance to The 99 reveals both the limits of consumer capitalism as a great equalizer and some of the incompatibilities of brand marketing and correcting misperceptions about Islam. In particular, I argue that emphasis placed on “brand authenticity” functions as a double-edged sword for Islamic brands, which are simultaneously perceived as both inauthentic and too authentic for broader commercial appeal.
Comparative study on the mechanical behavior of carbon weft-knitted biaxial fabrics stitched by polyester fibers and preoxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers
Authors: Jiang Gaoming , Gao Zhe , Ma Pibo , Miao Xuhong , Zhu Yunjia
Published: December 2013

The carbon weft-knitted biaxial fabrics stitched by polyester fibers and preoxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers were prepared respectively. Tensile and tearing tests of two types of carbon biaxial weft-knitted fabrics stitched by different fibers were carried out. Stress–strain and load–displacement curves were obtained according to the testing data. The high-speed camera was employed to observe the whole testing process and series of still images were picked up according to the time nodes to analyze the meso-scale mechanism of the extension and displacement of tows on oriented layers and stitching yarns. The properties of the two fabrics were compared based on the research of the stitching yarns mechanical performance. The researching results indicated that preoxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber exhibit higher mechanical behaviors, and its fabric bond displays excellent performance.
Viscose fabric bonded with soy protein isolate by foam application method
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Moyo Doice , Anandjiwala Rajesh D
Published: December 2013

A soy protein-based water-soluble binder composition for natural fiber nonwoven fabric is discussed in this paper. Before applying to viscose fibers, foam decay studies of soy protein and acrylic binders are carried out and results are compared. The bio-binder (soy protein and sodium dodecyl sulphate modified soy protein) composition effectively binds natural fibers in a nonwoven fabric by foam application method. Such fabrics are widely used for industrial wipes and non-reusable products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, bandages, etc. The mechanical and thermal properties of viscose fabric bonded with soy protein bio-binder are compared with the same fabric produced with commercially applied acrylic binder. Scanning electron microscope was used to confirm the bonding of the viscose fiber with the bio-binders.
Photocatalytic degradation of C.I. reactive blue 19 by using novel nano BiVO4-coated cotton fabric
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Xuan Jian , Liu Baojiang , He Jinxin
Published: December 2013

Bismuth vanadate-coated cotton fabric was synthesized by a chemical bath deposition method at low temperature (≤100℃) and characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV-V is diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Its photocatalytic activities were evaluated by decomposition of C.I. reactive blue 19 in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared composite possesses excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of liquid contamination especially in static system due to its large specific surface area. The reduction of total organic carbon (about 48.0% after 4 h of irradiation) showed that the mineralization of C.I. Reactive Blue 19 over the bismuth vanadate-coated cotton fabric is realizable. Moreover, the preparation of the composites is convenient for potential practical application. The formation mechanism of bismuth vanadate on the fabric was also discussed preliminarily.