bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Attention and Cardiac Response to Faces in Relation to Emotion Recognition
Authors: Soker-Elimaliah Sapir , Rajpersaud Alexis , Bragerton-Nasert Sabrina , Soker Dolav , Wagner Jennifer B.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Rapid and accurate emotion recognition is a crucial skill for social interactions, and visual attention to informative social cues in the environment can facilitate emotion recognition. Studies have found that emotion recognition is also associated with underlying cardiac autonomic responses. The current study examined (1) visual attention and cardiac response (change in heart rate) to emotionally-expressive faces and houses (as a nonsocial control image), and (2) associations between these responses and emotion recognition on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in college students. Results showed increased overall attention, but shorter first fixation durations, to faces as compared to houses. Across faces, attention was greater to eyes than mouth, but the magnitude of this difference was dependent on emotion. Analysis of cardiac responses revealed greater heart rate deceleration to happy and fearful faces as compared to neutral faces and houses. Better emotion recognition accuracy on the RMET was related to greater attention to faces, and eyes specifically, as well as greater heart rate deceleration to faces relative to houses. No relations between visual attention and cardiac response were found. The current work points to variations in visual attention and cardiac responses while viewing emotional faces that can be markers of emotion processing ability.
Measuring Amazon Rainfall Intensity With Sound Recorders
Authors: Xavier R. S. , Gosset M. , Maciel T. F. , Bicudo T. , Nascimento L. A. do , Ramalho E. , Fleischmann A.
Published: October 2024

Ground weather observations are scarce in many parts of the globe, hampering effective climate monitoring and disaster management. In the Amazon basin, this occurs due to its remoteness and the challenging measurement of rainfall within the forest. Innovative rainfall estimation methods are thus requested to fill this gap. Here we present an approach to estimate rainfall based on sound measurements. We identified the best frequency range to estimate rainfall occurrence and intensity, trained classification and regression models with sound and rain gauge data collected in the Central Amazon during 9 months. By training a random forest classifier/regression model based on power spectrum values it was possible to identify and satisfactorily estimate hourly rainfall rates in two vegetation environments distinct from the training site, located 30 km from it. The proposed method is a promising approach for future weather monitoring in remote tropical areas.
Comment on “Anticyclonic Suppression of the North Pacific Transient Eddy Activity in Midwinter” by Okajima et al.
Authors: Chang Edmund K. M.
Published: October 2024

Atmospheric energetics is frequently used to diagnose how different atmospheric processes contribute to the development of transient storm track activity. Okajima et al. (2024), https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106932 developed an ad hoc method to separate the contributions of cyclones and anticyclones to the energetics using the value of the curvature of the instantaneous local wind. Here, using simple examples in which the physics is exactly known, it is shown that cyclones embedded within a constant zonal flow exhibit large regions with anticyclonic curvature despite the absence of any real anticyclones. Using the method of Okajima et al., a large fraction of the eddy kinetic energy is erroneously attributed to being associated with anticyclones. Furthermore, the fraction that is misattributed varies substantially with changes in the background wind speed. It is concluded that using the curvature to separate energetics contributions from cyclones and anticyclones is not likely to be physically meaningful.
Low‐Level Jet and Its Effect on the Onset of Summertime Nocturnal Rainfall in Beijing
Authors: Li Ning , Guo Jianping , Wu Mengxi , Zhang Fan , Guo Xiaoran , Sun Yuping , Zhang Zhen , Liang Hong , Chen Tianmeng
Published: October 2024

Low‐level Jets (LLJs) play a critical role in triggering nocturnal rainfall in many areas on our planet. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the vertically resolved evolution of LLJs preceding rainfall. Here, the high‐resolution wind measurements from a radar wind profiler network in Beijing are used to monitor the continuous evolution of boundary‐layer jets (BLJs) and synoptic‐system‐related LLJs (SLLJs) before nocturnal rainfall under the southwesterlies synoptic pattern for the summers of 2020–2023. The results show that inertial oscillations precede LLJ‐induced nocturnal rainfall. The typical northward propagation of LLJ is driven primarily by horizontal advection. Starting 48 min before rainfall, the BLJ nose rapidly strengthens and moves downward from 0.8 km above ground level (AGL), while the SLLJ nose moves upward to 2.4 km AGL. This leads to enhanced moisture transport and convergence, which triggers nocturnal rainfall. The findings are of great significance for improving the forecast skill of nocturnal rainfall.
Trajectories of Terrestrial Vegetation Productivity and Its Driving Factors in China's Drylands
Authors: Gong Haixing , Wang Guoyin , Wang Xiaoyan , Kuang Zexing , Cheng Tiantao
Published: October 2024

Climate change and large‐scale ecological restoration programs have profoundly influenced vegetation greening and gross primary productivity (GPP) in China's drylands. However, the specific pathways through which climatic factors and vegetation greening influence GPP remain poorly understood. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes in GPP across China's drylands from 2001 to 2020 and investigates the direct and indirect effects of climatic factors and leaf area index (LAI) on GPP. The results reveal that the overall improvement in vegetation cover has positively increased GPP in these regions. Although the direct effects of climatic factors on GPP are minimal, they exert a substantial indirect effect by regulating vegetation growth, highlighting that LAI is a key intermediary in mediating the effects of climatic factors on GPP. Furthermore, these complex interactions vary significantly along the aridity gradient. This study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensively considering the intricate interactions among multiple climate and vegetation factors.
Reply to Comment by Chang on “Anticyclonic Suppression of the North Pacific Transient Eddy Activity in Midwinter”
Authors: Okajima Satoru , Nakamura Hisashi , Kaspi Yohai
Published: October 2024

Chang (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110011) challenged the methodology proposed recently by Okajima et al. for evaluating cyclonic and anticyclonic contributions to Eulerian eddy statistics and atmospheric energetics based on the local flow curvature. He argued that using the local wind curvature to separate energetic contributions from cyclones and anticyclones is not physically meaningful. Here we argue that his claims are based on an unrealistic assumption of monopolar relative vorticity in an entire storm‐track domain and a meridionally uniform zonal background flow atypical to midlatitudes. We also demonstrate that the error in attributing eddy statistics to cyclones and anticyclones is significantly smaller than his estimation. Rather, we further demonstrate that the curvature‐based methodology effectively eliminates the shear influence to identify cyclonic and anticyclonic regions, which is dismissed in his argument. We conclude that the curvature‐based methodology is beneficial in evaluating distinct cyclonic and anticyclonic contributions to atmospheric energetics in realistic conditions.
Revealing the Local Time Structure of the Alfvén Radius and Travel Times in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Jenkins A. , Ray L. C. , Fell T. , Badman S. V. , Lorch C. T. S.
Published: October 2024

Jovian magnetospheric plasma is coupled to the ionosphere through Alfvén waves. Alfvén waves enable the transport of angular momentum and energy between the planet and magnetospheric plasma, a process that ultimately generates Jupiter's bright auroral emissions. However, past the Alfvén radius, the location where the radial velocity is greater than the Alfvén velocity, magnetospheric plasma is decoupled from the planet. Alfvén waves launched by magnetospheric plasma do not reach the ionosphere, angular momentum cannot be transported from the planet, and auroral emissions should diminish. Knowledge of Jupiter's Alfvén radius location is critical for interpreting drivers of auroral emissions, in situ data, and applications of numerical models. Previous studies that determined the location of the Alfvén radius assumed an azimuthally symmetric magnetosphere and local‐time independent magnetic field. Here, we employ a statistical description of the magnetic field that includes local time effects. We find a minimum Alfvén radius of 30 (Jupiter radii) at 6 LT, with plasma decoupled from the planet in the post‐dusk through dawn sector. Furthermore, no Alfvén radius exists within 60 between 8 and 20 LT. At distances greater than 50 , the Alfvén travel time is such that magnetospheric plasma moves substantially in the magnetosphere before angular momentum can be efficiently transferred from the atmosphere. Therefore, the angular momentum supplied may no longer be sufficient for the local conditions. Our results highlight the importance of local time considerations and offer new interpretations for local time dependent auroral features, such as the polar collar.
Functional activity and connectivity signatures of ketamine and lamotrigine during negative emotional processing: a double-blind randomized controlled fMRI study
Authors: Meiering Marvin S. , Weigner David , Gärtner Matti , Carstens Luisa , Keicher Christian , Hertrampf Rita , Beckmann Christian F. , Mennes Maarten , Wunder Andreas , Weigand Anne , Grimm Simone
Published: October 2024

Ketamine is a highly effective antidepressant (AD) that targets the glutamatergic system and exerts profound effects on brain circuits during negative emotional processing. Interestingly, the effects of ketamine on brain measures are sensitive to modulation by pretreatment with lamotrigine, which inhibits glutamate release. Examining the antagonistic effects of ketamine and lamotrigine on glutamate transmission holds promise to identify effects of ketamine that are mediated through changes in the glutamatergic system. Investigating this modulation in relation to both the acute and sustained effects of ketamine on functional activity and connectivity during negative emotional processing should therefore provide novel insights. 75 healthy subjects were investigated in a double-blind, single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study with three treatment conditions (ketamine, lamotrigine pre-treatment, placebo). Participants completed an emotional face viewing task during ketamine infusion and 24 h later. Acute ketamine administration decreased hippocampal and Default Mode Network (DMN) activity and increased fronto-limbic coupling during negative emotional processing. Furthermore, while lamotrigine abolished the ketamine-induced increase in functional connectivity, it had no acute effect on activity. Sustained (24 h later) effects of ketamine were only found for functional activity, with a significant reduction in the posterior DMN. This effect was blocked by pretreatment with lamotrigine. Our results suggest that both the acute increases in fronto-limbic coupling and the delayed decrease in posterior DMN activity, but not the attenuated limbic and DMN recruitment after ketamine, are mediated by altered glutamatergic transmission.
Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are linked to autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas
Authors: Lee Bo-Ching , Chang Yu-Ling , Chen Po-Ting , Liu Li-Wen , Liu Kao-Lang , Chang Chin-Chen , Wu Vin-Cent , Lin Yen-Hung ,   On behalf of the TAIPAI Study Group, Wu Vin-Cent , Lai Tai-Shuan , Chueh Shih-Chieh Jeff , Yang Shao-Yu , Liu Kao-Lang , Chang Chin-Chen , Lee Bo-Ching , Wang Shuo-Meng , Huang Kuo-How , Lin Po-Chih , Lin Yen-Hung , Hung Chi-Sheng , Lin Lian-Yu , Liao Shih-Cheng , Lu Ching-Chu , Chan Chieh-Kai , Er Leay-Kiaw , Hu Ya-Hui , Wu Che-Hsiung , Tsai Yao-Chou , Chen Zheng-Wei , Pan Chien-Ting , Liao Che-Wei , Tsai Cheng-Hsuan , Chang Yi-Yao , Ho Chen-Hsun , Huang Wei-Chieh , Chen Ying-Ying
Published: October 2024

Patients with adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) face elevated cardiovascular risks, especially when cortisol is co-secreted, yet the impact on muscle health remains unclear. Myosteatosis, characterized by fatty infiltration into muscles, is linked to cardiometabolic diseases and decreased survival. We aimed to investigate the association between autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) in APA and muscle quantity and quality. In this study, we analyzed data from 228 APA patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy between 2009 and 2024, assessing muscle composition via computed tomography. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), skeletal muscle area and density, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area at L3 were measured. Comparisons were made between ACS and non-ACS groups. We found that among 228 patients, 76 (33.3%) had ACS. Those with ACS exhibited significantly higher IMAT area (P = 0.042) and lower skeletal muscle area (P = 0.002) and density (P < 0.001). Multivariable regression confirmed ACS positively associated with IMAT area and negatively associated with skeletal muscle area and density. At 1-year follow-up, ACS patients (n = 15) experienced decreased IMAT area (P = 0.001) and increased skeletal muscle area (P = 0.031) post-adrenalectomy, while those without ACS (n = 29) showed no IMAT change but increased visceral (P < 0.001) and subcutaneous (P = 0.008) adipose tissue area. In summary, myosteatosis and sarcopenia are linked to ACS in APA patients, and these parameters improve following adrenalectomy.
Research on the prediction of blasting fragmentation in open-pit coal mines based on KPCA-BAS-BP
Authors: Liu Shuang , Qu Enxiang , LV Chun , Zhang Xueyuan
Published: October 2024

The blasting block size of open-pit mines is influenced by many factors, and the influencing factors have a very complex nonlinear relationship. Traditional empirical formulas and a single neural network model cannot meet the requirements of modern blasting safety. To improve the prediction accuracy of blasting block size, the measured data of Beskuduk open-pit coal mine is used as training and testing samples. Seven factors including rock tensile strength, rock compressive strength, and blast hole spacing are selected as input variables of the prediction model. The average size of blasting fragmentation X50 is used as the output variable of the prediction model. The kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is adopted to reduce the dimensionality of the input variables. The beetle antennae search algorithm (BAS) is selected to optimize the parameters of the initial weights and thresholds of the back propagation (BP) neural network. Finally, prediction model of blasting fragmentation in open-pit coal mine based on KPCA-BAS-BP is established. The results show that the average relative error of the model is 1.77%, and the root mean square error is 1.52%. Compared with the unoptimized BP neural network and the BP neural network optimized by the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) model, this model has higher prediction accuracy and is more suitable for predicting the blasting block size of open-pit coal mines, it provides a new method for predicting the fragmentation of blasting under the influence of multiple factors, filling the gap in related theoretical research, and has certain practical application value.
Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to find optimal in-silico biomarkers for cardiac drug toxicity evaluation
Authors: Pramudito Muhammad Adnan , Fuadah Yunendah Nur , Qauli Ali Ikhsanul , Marcellinus Aroli , Lim Ki Moo
Published: October 2024

The Comprehensive In-vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative aims to refine the assessment of drug-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) risk, utilizing computational models to predict cardiac drug toxicity. Despite advancements in machine learning applications for this purpose, the specific contribution of in-silico biomarkers to toxicity risk levels has yet to be thoroughly elucidated. This study addresses this gap by implementing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to illuminate the impact of individual biomarkers in drug toxicity prediction. We employed the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to generate a detailed dataset for 28 drugs, from which twelve in-silico biomarkers of 12 drugs were computed to train various machine learning models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF), XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks. Our study’s innovation is leveraging XAI, mainly through the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method, to dissect and quantify the contributions of biomarkers across these models. Furthermore, the model performance was evaluated using the test set from 16 drugs. We found that the ANN model coupled with the eleven most influential in-silico biomarkers namely $$\frac{dVm}{dt}_{repol}, \frac{dVm}{dt}_{max}, {APD}_{90}, {APD}_{50}, {APD}_{tri}, {CaD}_{90}, {CaD}_{50}, {Ca}_{tri}, {Ca}_{Diastole}, qInward, and qNet$$

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showed the highest classification performance among all classifiers with Area Under the Curve (AUC) scores of 0.92 for predicting high-risk, 0.83 for intermediate-risk, and 0.98 for low-risk drugs. We also found that the optimal in silico biomarkers selected based on SHAP analysis may be different for various classification models. However, we also found that the biomarker selection only sometimes improved the performance; therefore, evaluating various classifiers is still essential to obtain the desired classification performance. Our proposed method could provide a systematic way to assess the best classifier with the optimal in-silico biomarkers for predicting the TdP risk of drugs, thereby advancing the field of cardiac safety evaluations.
Sex-specific proximal tubular cell differentiation pathways identified by single-nucleus RNA sequencing
Authors: Lu Yueh-An , Smith Tanya , Deshpande Sumukh , Liao Chia-Te , Talabani Bnar , Grigorieva Irina , Mason Anna , Andrews Robert , Bowen Timothy , Taylor Philip R. , Fraser Donald
Published: October 2024

Postnatal kidney growth is substantial and involves expansion in kidney tubules without growth of new nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney. Proliferation and differentiation pathways underpinning nephron elongation are not well defined. To address this, we performed sequential characterization of mouse kidney transcriptomics at the single cell level. Single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on kidney tissue from male and female mice at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks of age using the 10x Chromium platform. Unbiased clustering was performed on 68,775 nuclei from 16 animals. 31 discrete cellular clusters were seen, which were identified through comparison of their gene expression profiles to canonical markers of kidney cell populations. High levels of proliferation were evident at early time points in some cell types, especially tubular cells, but not in other cell types, for example podocytes. Proliferation was especially evident in Proximal Tubular Cells (PTCs) which are the most abundant cell type in the adult kidney. Uniquely when compared to other kidney cell types, PTCs demonstrated sex-specific expression profiles at late, but not early, time points. Mapping of PTC differentiation pathways using techniques including trajectory and RNA Velocity analyses delineated increasing PTC specialization and sex-specific phenotype specification. Our single-cell transcriptomics data characterise cellular states observed during kidney growth. We have identified PTC differentiation pathways that lead to sex-specific tubular cell phenotypes. Tubular proliferative responses are of central importance in postnatal kidney growth and have also been linked to kidney recovery versus fibrosis following injury. Our unbiased and comprehensive dataset of tubular cell development can be used to identify candidate pathways for therapeutic targeting.
Associations between elevated uric acid and brain imaging abnormalities in pediatric patients with methylmalonic acidemia under 5 years of age
Authors: Du Mengmeng , Wu Shengnan , Chen Yongxing , Yuan Shuxian , Dong Shijie , Wang Huizhen , Wei Haiyan , Zhu Changlian
Published: October 2024

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is the most common inborn organic acidemia, presenting multisystemic complications. Uric acid may have neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects due to its antioxidant or pro-inflammatory properties; however, its role in MMA brain injury remains unclear. We examined the correlation between the serum uric acid levels and brain imaging features of MMA. Data were collected from a cross-sectional study of 216 patients with MMA and 216 healthy matched controls aged 0–5 years in China. Serum uric acid levels were measured, and magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings were retrieved from hospital records. Overall, 74.1% patients had brain abnormalities. Patients in the MMA group with abnormal brain imaging had higher serum uric acid levels than those in the MMA normal brain imaging and control groups. The area under the curve of serum uric acid was 0.74, 0.91, and 0.93 for MMA diagnosis with abnormal brain images, basal ganglia changes, and globus pallidus changes, respectively. Higher serum uric acid levels were independently associated with abnormal brain images. Children aged < 5 years with abnormal brain images in MMA exhibit elevated serum uric acid levels, serving as an effective auxiliary diagnostic indicator and independent risk factor for brain tissue injury.
Treatment of polyethylene microplastics degraded by ultraviolet light irradiation causes lysosome-deregulated cell death
Authors: Manabe Sota , Haga Yuya , Tsujino Hirofumi , Ikuno Yudai , Asahara Haruyasu , Higashisaka Kazuma , Tsutsumi Yasuo
Published: October 2024

Background

Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles < 5 mm in size, are prevalent in the environment, and human exposure to them is inevitable. To assess the potential risk of MPs on human health, it is essential to consider the physicochemical properties of environmental MPs, including polymer types, size, shape, and surface chemical modifications. Notably, environmental MPs undergo degradation due to external factors such as ultraviolet (UV) rays and waves, leading to changes in their surface characteristics. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the health effects of MPs, with a specific focus on their surface degradation. This study concentrates on cytotoxic MPs with surface degradation through UV irradiation, aiming to identify the mechanisms underlying their cell toxicity.

Results

Polyethylene (PE) and surface-degraded PE achieved through UV light irradiation were employed as model MPs in this study. We explored the impact of PE and degraded PE on cell death in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells and human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that degraded PE induced programmed cell death without activating caspase 3, while non-degraded PE did not trigger programmed cell death. These findings suggest that degraded PE might induce programmed cell death through mechanisms other than caspase-driven apoptosis. To understand the mechanisms of cell death, we investigated how cells responded to degraded PE-induced cellular stress. Immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses demonstrated that degraded PE induced autophagosome formation and increased p62 expression, indicating inhibited autophagy flux after exposure to degraded PE. Furthermore, degraded PE exposure led to a decrease in acidic lysosomes, indicating lysosomal dysregulation. These results imply that degraded PE induces lysosomal dysfunction, subsequently causing autophagy dysregulation and cell death.

Conclusions

This study unveils that UV-induced degradation of PE results in cell death attributed to lysosomal dysfunction. The findings presented herein provide novel insights into the effects of surface-degraded MPs on biological responses.
A post-Brexit intergroup contact intervention reduces affective polarization between Leavers and Remainers short-term
Authors: Tausch Nicole , Birtel Michèle D. , Górska Paulina , Bode Sidney , Rocha Carolina
Published: October 2024

With mounting evidence of the harmful societal consequences of affective polarization, it is crucial to find ways of addressing it. Employing a randomized controlled trial, this study tested the effectiveness of an intervention based on theories of intergroup contact and interpersonal communication in reducing affective polarization in the context of Brexit. Participants were 120 UK self-identified Leavers and Remainers. Sixty Leaver-Remainer dyads were randomized to engage in either a facilitated intergroup interaction or a control interaction, which was equivalent in structure and tone but was unrelated to Brexit identities. Different aspects of affective polarization were assessed one month prior, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Results indicate that the intervention increased warmth toward the outgroup, reduced unfavourable attributions of the sources of outgroup positions, and increased willingness to compromise, but only short-term. There were no statistically significant longer-term effects of the intervention. Evidence of selective attrition further suggests that those with more extreme baseline opinions were more likely to drop out. Our findings highlight the challenges of designing effective interventions that engender enduring attitude change in polarized contexts and of engaging those with extreme political views. This study can provide a useful framework for future research.
Acid-labile and non-degradable cross-linked star polymer model networks by aqueous polymerization for in situ encapsulation and release
Authors: Irvine Gavin , Herron Stuart , Lester Daniel W. , Themistou Efrosyni
Published: October 2024

Aqueous RAFT polymerization for the preparation of degradable and non-degradable cross-linked star polymer model networks, in situ dye encapsulation and release.
A ratiometric fluorescence nanosensor for glutathione detection based on spatially confined dual-emission of α-lipoic acid-modified gold nanoclusters and silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Albalawi Abdullah S. , Alkhamali Alanoud , El-Wekil Mohamed M. , Ali Ramadan
Published: October 2024

The development of dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent probes with AIE effect overcomes the limitations of gold nanocluster (Au NC)-based probes, particularly their weak intrinsic fluorescence, in real-world applications.
Experimental and DFT study of the MoO2@Fe2O3 catalyst for overall water splitting in acidic and alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Sapakal Suchitra N. , Singh Arvind , Khan Ayesha , Gaikwad Mayur , Kim Jin H. , Kadam Anamika
Published: October 2024

HER: overpotential for HER, OER: overpotential for OER; Rs: solution resistance, Rct: charge transfer resistance. The comparison of various parameters of the MoO2@Fe2O3 electrode in KOH and H2SO4 electrolytes.
Asymmetric magnetic nanosnowman loaded with AgPd nanocage toward NIR-enhanced catalytic activity
Authors: Jin Jie , Li Haoran , Wang Hongfa , Fang Qunling , Xu Yunqi , Kong Weili , Chen Xia , Leung Ken Cham-Fai , Wang Hailong , Xuan Shouhu
Published: October 2024

An asymmetric Fe3O4@AgPd/PDA nanosnowman embedded with an AgPd nanocage shows significantly enhanced catalytic activity under near-infrared (NIR) light.
Three organic–inorganic polyoxoniobate-based compounds modified with Cu(ii) amine complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic studies for oxidation of styrene
Authors: Duan Zhi-Cheng , Li Guanghua , Li Ke-Chang , Cui Xiao-Bing
Published: October 2024

Three novel organic–inorganic polyoxoniobate-based compounds modified with Cu(ii) amine complexes were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Additionally, the catalytic efficacy of these compounds in the oxidation of styrene was investigated.
Asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloaddition of cinnamaldehyde-derived N-aryl nitrones with 2-indolemethanols enabled by chiral phosphoric acid
Authors: Zou Ning , Wu Yu-Zheng , Shang Zi-Wei , Cao Yu-Wei , Liao Li-Min , Wei Cui , Mo Dong-Liang , Zhou Wen-Jun
Published: October 2024

A chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloaddition of cinnamaldehyde-derived nitrones with 2-indolylmethanols was developed to prepare various indole-fused 1,2-oxazines in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity.
Visible-light-driven catalyst-free C–S cross-coupling of thiol derivatives and aryl halides
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Hu Yansong , Wang Shutao , Ding Yating , Zhang Zhengze , Qiu Yi-Feng , Liu Zhao , Lei Junqiang
Published: October 2024

A mild, scalable, and high-yielding visible-light-promoted C–S cross-coupling between alkyl thiol derivatives and (hetero)aryl halides is reported, offering advantages over traditional C–S bond forming strategies.
Multilamellar nanovectors composed of microbial glycolipid–polylysine complexes for drug encapsulation
Authors: Alonso-de-Castro Silvia , Formoso Sergio Oliveira , Seyrig Chloé , Ozkaya Korin , Dumont Julien , Riancho Luisa , Perez Javier , Hélary Christophe , Baccile Niki
Published: October 2024

Multilamellar wall nanocarriers made of poly-L-lysine and microbial single glucose lipids can be loaded with lipophilic drugs. This system can be used as a drug carrier for preferential drug delivery to HeLa cells.
Next-generation CRISPR/Cas-based ultrasensitive diagnostic tools: current progress and prospects
Authors: Sahel Deepak Kumar , Giriprasad Gangadari , Jatyan Reena , Guha Sonia , Korde Aishwarya , Mittal Anupama , Bhand Sunil , Chitkara Deepak
Published: October 2024

CRISPR/Cas has been explored as a powerful molecular scissor that uses a double-strand break mediated non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) to achieve precise gene editing.
Preparation of superhydrophobic nanowires on polypropylene surface via injection compression molding for efficient fog collection
Authors: Wang Xing-Yu , Huang Han-Xiong
Published: October 2024

The PP replica prepared by injection compression molding process has high contact angle, low ice adhesion strength, and good fog water collection efficiency.
First principles approach and experimental exploration of a new double perovskite phase Sr2(In0.33 Sn0.33Sb0.33)2O6: evaluation of structural, optical, and dielectric properties
Authors: Belgacem Besma , Nasri Nabil , Ben Yahia Mouna , Oueslati Abderrazek , Ben Hassen Rached
Published: October 2024

A new double perovskite phase, Sr2(Sn0.33Sb0.33In0.33)2O6, was successfully synthesized via a solid-state reaction and comprehensively characterized using both experimental and theoretical techniques.
Green chemistry approach to the synthesis of 2-aryl/heteroaryl substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones using lemon juice under concentrated solar radiations as a renewable source
Authors: Khan Rehana A. , Adole Vishnu A. , Pawar Thansing B. , Jagdale Bapu S.
Published: October 2024

This study explores a novel and eco-friendly synthesis of 22 derivatives of 2-aryl/heteroaryl substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones using concentrated solar radiation (CSR) and lemon juice as a natural catalyst.
Photoinduced copper-catalyzed asymmetric cyanoalkylalkynylation of alkenes, terminal alkynes, and oximes
Authors: Xin Shuang , Liao Jibang , Tang Qi , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: October 2024

A properly designed chiral copper complex with a hybrid tridentate ligand enables photocatalytic asymmetric cyanoalkylalkynylation of olefins using cycloketone oxime esters as the precursors.
Evaluation of redox pairs for low-grade heat energy harvesting with a thermally regenerative cycle
Authors: Maldifassi José Tomás Bórquez , Russell Joseph B. , Kim Jungmyung , Brightman Edward , Chen Xiangjie , Bae Dowon
Published: October 2024

We present a comprehensive survey of the redox couples and end up with 81 different electrolyte combinations to highlight the untapped potential of the thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle.
Energy optimization and age of information enhancement in multi‐UAV networks using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Kim Jeena , Park Seunghyun , Park Hyunhee
Published: October 2024

This letter introduces an innovative approach for minimizing energy consumption in multi‐unmanned aerial vehicles (multi‐UAV) networks using deep reinforcement learning, with a focus on optimizing the age of information (AoI) in disaster environments. A hierarchical UAV deployment strategy that facilitates cooperative trajectory planning, ensuring timely data collection and transmission while minimizing energy consumption is proposed. By formulating the inter‐UAV network path planning problem as a Markov decision process, a deep Q‐network (DQN) strategy is applied to enable real‐time decision making that accounts for dynamic environmental changes, obstacles, and UAV battery constraints. The extensive simulation results, conducted in both rural and urban scenarios, demonstrate the effectiveness of employing a memory access approach within the DQN framework, significantly reducing energy consumption up to 33.25% in rural settings and 74.20% in urban environments compared to non‐memory approaches. By integrating AoI considerations with energy‐efficient UAV control, this work offers a robust solution for maintaining fresh data in critical applications, such as disaster response, where ground‐based communication infrastructures are compromised. The use of replay memory approach, particularly the online history approach, proves crucial in adapting to changing conditions and optimizing UAV operations for both data freshness and energy consumption.
Self‐supervised vessel trajectory segmentation via learning spatio‐temporal semantics
Authors: Zhang Rui , Ren Haitao , Yu Zhipei , Xiao Zhu , Liu Kezhong , Jiang Hongbo
Published: October 2024

The study of vessel trajectories (VTs) holds significant benefits for marine route management and resource development. VT segmentation serves as a foundation for extracting vessel motion primitives and enables analysis of vessel manoeuvring habits and behavioural intentions. However, existing methods relying on predefined behaviour patterns face high labelling costs, which hinder accurate pattern recognition. This paper proposes a self‐supervised vessel trajectory segmentation method (SS‐VTS), which segments VTs based on their inherent spatio‐temporal semantics. SS‐VTS adaptively divides VTs into cells of optimal size. Then, it extracts split points on different semantic levels from the multi‐dimensional feature sequence of the VTs using self‐supervised learning. Finally, spatio‐temporal distance fusion module is performed on split points to determine change points and obtain VT segments with multiple semantics. Experiments on a real automatic identification system datasets show that SS‐VTS achieves state‐of‐the‐art segmentation results compared to seven baseline methods.
Dynamic indoor mapping for AVP: Crowdsourcing mapping without prior maps
Authors: Jiang ZhiHong , Jiang Haobin , Ma ShiDian
Published: October 2024

High‐definition maps are essential for autonomous vehicle navigation, but indoor parking lots remain poorly mapped due to high costs. To address this, a crowdsourcing model gathers data from consumer‐grade sensors in mass‐produced vehicles to create semantic maps. Indoor parking lots lack GNSS signals, and most of them do not have high‐definition maps or navigation maps as references, making it difficult to ensure the accuracy of the final mapping results. Additionally, the semantic information of indoor parking lots is relatively limited, and the geometric features are overly similar, which significantly impacts the accuracy of point cloud registration. Therefore, this article proposes a crowdsourcing‐based approach, where vehicles generate local semantic maps at the client end and upload them to the cloud. Leveraging the scene characteristics of indoor parking lots, the cloud optimizes and fits a large amount of crowdsourced data to obtain a high‐precision base map without prior information. Enhanced ICP point cloud registration merges subsequent maps with the base. Additionally, parking space occupancy information is provided. This map can furnish the necessary information for Autonomous Valet Parking (AVP) tasks. Evaluation on the BEVIS dataset shows a root mean square error of 0.482446 m for vehicle localization on the cloud‐based map.
Retraction Note: Ecofriendly Approaches in nanomaterial synthesis for sustainable healthcare applications
Authors: Verma Rajan , Kumar Gaurav , Upadhyay Viyat Varun , Ratur Anuj , Rao A.L.N. , Kumar Anil , Boob Nandini Shirish
Published: October 2024

This paper has been formally retracted from publication by the Publisher due to the fact that the scientific relevance of this work is questionable.

Request approved by the Publisher on October 9, 2024.
Influence of liquid layer height on pressure pulsations during evaporation/boiling under reduced pressure conditions
Authors: Brester Andrey , Shvetsov Dmitry , Zhukov Vladimir , Pavlenko Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

The paper presents experimental data on the influence of the height of the horizontal liquid layer on the amplitude of pressure pulsations obtained during evaporation/boiling under reduced pressure conditions. Also presented are the spectra of pressure pulsation power versus frequency obtained using fast Fourier transform for different heights of the horizontal liquid layer under reduced pressure conditions. It is obtained that the use of a thin film of working fluid during evaporation/boiling under reduced pressure conditions reduces the amplitude of pressure pulsations compared to thicker fluid layers. Analysis of the pressure pulsation spectra for explosive boiling regimes allows us to determine the characteristic frequency corresponding to the periodicity of explosive boiling. Also, this approach allows a quantitative comparison of the power of pressure pulsations obtained in different heat exchange systems and apparatuses.
Carbon	Dioxide	Reforming	of	Methane	in	a Microchannel Reactor
Authors: Dimov Sergey , Gasenko Ol’ga
Published: October 2024

In this work, an experimental study of CO2 reforming of methane in a microchannel reactor was carried out. Two types of microchannel reactors were used in the experiments: a slot ring channel with a catalyst applied to the outer surface of the inner cylinder, a pack of corrugated plates, on the surface of which the catalyst was applied.
Experimental investigation of the mutual influence of micro- and macroscale processes on the displacement of viscous oil by water in a two-layer porous medium
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the immissible displacement of high-viscosity model oil from the two-layer porous medium with different layers permeability. The experiments were performed using cylindrical model of the porous medium having the ratio of transverse size to length D/L equals to 0.05 and ratio of layers permeability equals to 0.46 during forced imbibition and drainage. It is shown that the alignment of a displacement front in the layers is caused by macroscale capillarity-driven flow arising from the curvature of the front. The conditions for stabilized motion of the displacement front for this case are determined using the analytical model and proved using experimental data on the recovery of displaced fluid. Microscale processes in pore level caused by the influence of the capillary forces are taken into account throw the relative phase permeability and capillary pressure curves.
Investigation of liquid hydrocarbons combustion under combined supply of steam and oxidizer-diluent gases
Authors: Mukhina Mariia , Sadkin Ivan , Kopyev Evgeny , Shadrin Evgeniy
Published: October 2024

This research is devoted to the experimental determination of regime parameters of stable combustion of diesel fuel with combined supply of steam and oxidizer-diluent gases into the gas generation chamber. When using the system of forced supply of diluent gases and oxidizer into the burner device, the flame breakdown limits in the burner were determined. Average temperature profiles along the vertical axis of the burner were obtained for the found modes of stable combustion of diesel fuel. The addition of diluent in the form of nitrogen or carbon dioxide to primary air leads to a significant decrease in the maximum temperature values.
The effect of a heater thin porous coating on the critical heat flux in flat microchannels with intense localized heating
Authors: Pukhovoy Maxim , Zaitsev Dmitry
Published: October 2024

Experiments were carried out on flow boiling in mini- and microchannels with non-uniform heating (channel width 30 mm, size of centrally located heater 3x3 mm2) with smooth and porous heater surfaces. It has been established that for that surfaces, the dependencies of the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficients behave similarly, but in the case of porous surface, the critical heat flux increases more strongly with the growth of mass flow, and the heat transfer coefficients are higher due to developed boiling. Instead of a slowly developing boiling crisis with a large bubble constantly sitting on a smooth heater, boiling on porous surface was replaced by intense formation of small bubbles sweeping away large one. As a result, large bubbles either pulsate intensely or do not form at all until the moment of “classical” crisis - the sudden formation of stationary one with a sharp increase in surface temperature. This is true for both types of surfaces. But in the case of a smooth surface, the regime of a pulsating large bubble prevails, and on porous surface it ceases to form until “classical” crisis. The frequency of small bubble formation is significantly greater when boiling on porous surface.
Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity and rheology of nanofluids with single wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Rudyak Valery , Rafalskaya Tatyana
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this work is to study the dependence of the viscosity and rheology of benzene-based nanofluids with carbon nanotubes on their length. The problem is solved by the method of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics; the rheology of nanofluids with single-walled carbon nanotubes with a length from 1.45 to 14.96 nm has been studied. The volume concentration of nanotubes was 2 %. It was established that at low shear rates nanofluids are Newtonian. Their viscosity significantly exceeds the viscosity of benzene, and this excess is not described by classical theories for coarse liquids. In addition, the viscosity of nanofluids significantly depends on the length of the carbon tubes and increases with their growth. Starting from a certain shear rate, nanofluids change rheology and become pseudoplastic. Thus, the change in rheology is a threshold phenomenon and the corresponding critical shear rates depend on the length of the nanotubes. At high shear rates, the differences between the viscosities of nanofluids with different nanotube lengths decrease monotonically. A correlation has been obtained that makes it possible to predict the viscosity of the nanofluid and the trend of its change depending on the shear rate and the length of the nanotubes.
Features of heat transfer and phase-change on a pinned surface at pulse heat release
Authors: Khan Polina , Levin Anatoliy , Moskvin Mikhail , Safarov Alexey , Filatov Ilya
Published: October 2024

An experimental study was conducted of the boiling characteristics of water subcooled to the saturation temperature during pulsed heating on a smooth surface with a technical roughness of up to 5 μm and on a modified surface with cylindrical pins 200 μm in height and diameter, located at the nodes of a rectangular grid with a step of 400 μm, with an upward flow with a pressure of 0.29 MPa and an average flow velocity of 0.52 m/s. It was found that at an initial water temperature of 110°C for a modified surface, the rate of increase in the heater temperature is lower, and the onset time of nucleation is the same as for a smooth surface. For an initial water temperature of 80°C and an average temperature increase rate of about 5000 K/s, it was experimentally shown that the bubbles on the modified surface are larger, but their number and the share of the area occupied by them are significantly lower than on a smooth surface.
Experimental study of the development of centrifugal circulation in a liquid under various boundary conditions
Authors: Sharifullin Bulat , Naumov Igor
Published: October 2024

In this work, an experimental study was carried out on the formation of the structure of a limited vortex flow of a liquid swirled by a flow of another liquid or a gas vortex. The results obtained were compared with the structures that arise in closed vortex reactors, where the movement in the working volume is formed by a rotating disk. During the work, patterns of formation of circulating vortex cells in liquid were revealed. A similarity of the flow structure in the working fluid is observed, regardless of the method of creating the swirl (solid disk, liquid vortex, air vortex).
Rotational energy as a measure of flow swirl intensity
Authors: Shishkin Nickolay
Published: October 2024

The paper proposes a criterion for estimating the intensity of swirling flow using Mach number for the rotational component of velocity. The drop in the maximum value of the criterion in the case of jet propagation in a pipe and in the case of mixing in a confined swirling flow is analyzed. The approximating dependences of the decrease of the swirling intensity according to the experimental works of different authors have been obtained.
Boiling of liquid in a mini channel on smooth, rough and porous surfaces
Authors: Semenov Andrey , Pukhovoy Maxim , Zaitsev Dmitry
Published: October 2024

A series of experiments were conducted to study the effect of the heater coating on the frequency of formation of steam bubbles and on heat exchange during boiling in the channel. Three different surfaces were used: 1) smooth, 2) rough and 3) porous. It was found that at relatively low heat fluxes, the specific frequency of bubble formation on a rough surface is higher than on a smooth one. However, with an increase in the heat flux, the difference in the frequency of bubble formation on rough and smooth surfaces practically disappears. At the same time, bubble formation on a porous surface occurs with almost 3 times the frequency, compared to both smooth and rough in the entire range of heat fluxes (up to 500 W/cm2). The obtained results can explain the recorded fact of a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux on a porous surface.