bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of evaluated interventions addressing developmental transitions for youth with mental health disorders
Authors: Di Rezze B. , Nguyen T. , Mulvale G. , Barr N. G. , Longo C. J. , Randall G. E.
Published: December 2015

Background

Youth with mental health disorders often experience challenges when transitioning into adult roles (e.g. independent living, work and community engagement). Health interventions that address the needs of youth with mental health disorders during these challenges in their development (i.e. developmental transitions) have not been reviewed in the literature. This scoping review examines the peer‐reviewed research that describes evaluated interventions addressing developmental transitions for youth with mental health disorders.

Methods

A search of four prominent health literature databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) was conducted to identify evaluated developmental transition interventions for adolescents and youth (12–25 years) with mental health disorders. Study selection and analysis were guided by a methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews. Selected studies were described, assessed for quality and collated based on ten dimensions from two notable conceptual frameworks in developmental transitions and disability.

Results

Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions within these studies demonstrated five specialized and four multi‐faceted programmes (i.e. multiple domains). All domains from the two conceptual frameworks were represented differently across studies. The sub‐domains from these studies were most frequently related to vocational‐focused interventions, least frequently related to social activities and living situation and did not explicitly map onto the sexuality sub‐domain. Three multi‐faceted interventions incorporated all domains and utilized each intervention approach. Study quality was rated for seven of the nine studies. Quantitative methodology for five of the seven studies was rated as higher quality.

Conclusions

Evaluated interventions described in the transitions literature for youth with mental health disorders predominantly focus on vocational needs. The least studied areas were the personal and interpersonal domains. These domains were only incorporated within interventions addressing multiple domains of developmental transitions. These insights can be helpful in guiding evidence‐based practice and policy development, as well as informing gaps for future research programmes.
Genetic and clinical analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 in Mainland China
Authors: Zeng S. , Zeng J. , He M. , Zeng X. , Zhou Y. , Liu Z. , Xia K. , Pan Q. , Jiang H. , Shen L. , Yan X. , Tang B. , Wang J.
Published: December 2015

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 (SCA36) is a new SCA subtype recently reported in Japanese and Spanish pedigrees. To assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of SCA36 in patients from Mainland China, we combined the repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction method and Southern blot analysis to detect the GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeats of NOP56 in 364 probands with SCA, 126 probands with hereditary spastic paraplegia and 99 probands with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Systematic and targeted clinical evaluations and investigations were conducted in the SCA36 patients. As a result, eight autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (ADCA) pedigrees (a total of 13 patients) and one sporadic SCA (S‐SCA) patient were identified as SCA36 in the SCA cohort, accounting for approximately 1.60% of the cases in the ADCA group and 0.32% of those in the S‐SCA group in Mainland China. The characteristics include late onset and slow progression accompanied by acoustic impairments and ‘possible’ ALS phenotype in patients from Mainland China.
Assessment of PAX6 alleles in 66 families with aniridia
Authors: Bobilev A.M. , McDougal M.E. , Taylor W.L. , Geisert E.E. , Netland P.A. , Lauderdale J.D.
Published: December 2015

We report on PAX6 alleles associated with a clinical diagnosis of classical aniridia in 81 affected individuals representing 66 families. Allelic variants expected to affect PAX6 function were identified in 61 families (76 individuals). Ten cases of sporadic aniridia (10 families) had complete (8 cases) or partial (2 cases) deletion of the PAX6 gene. Sequence changes that introduced a premature termination codon into the open reading frame of PAX6 occurred in 47 families (62 individuals). Three individuals with sporadic aniridia (three families) had sequence changes (one deletion, two run‐on mutations) expected to result in a C‐terminal extension. An intronic deletion of unknown functional significance was detected in one case of sporadic aniridia (one family), but not in unaffected relatives. Within these 61 families, single nucleotide substitutions accounted for 30/61 (49%), indels for 23/61 (38%), and complete deletion of the PAX6 locus for 8/61 (13%). In five cases of sporadic aniridia (five families), no disease‐causing mutation in the coding region was detected. In total, 23 unique variants were identified that have not been reported in the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD) database. Within the group assessed, 92% had sequence changes expected to reduce PAX6 function, confirming the primacy of PAX6 haploinsufficiency as causal for aniridia.
Role of epidermal growth factor mutational status for distinction between recurrent lung cancer and second primary lung cancer: case report
Authors: Vaz Daniel , Conde Sara , Tente David , Machado Jose Carlos , Barroso Ana
Published: December 2015

Introduction

In a patient with previous radically treated lung adenocarcinoma, the detection of a new lung cancer raises the question whether recurrence or a second primary lung cancer is involved. Current criteria for differentiating multiple lung tumors lack a biologic and molecular basis and may lead to misclassification with impact on survival.

Objectives

We report the case of a female patient with a recent diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and a previous lung adenocarcinoma submitted to curative surgical therapy 4 years before. As both lesions were resected, were of the same histologic subtype and presented the same immunohistochemistry profile; we decided to perform mutational analysis of the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) gene to differentiate between recurrence and second primary lung cancer.

Methods

The EGFR gene was screened for mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products in DNA obtained from paraffin preserved cells from both tumors.

Results

Mutational analysis of the EGFR gene, revealed different mutations in each tumor (both on exon 19) allowing the confirmation of the diagnosis of two metachronous primary lung cancers.

Conclusions

In this patient, mutational analysis of the EGFR gene was superior to histologic and immunohistochemistry characterization in differentiating between recurrent lung cancer and second primary lung cancer; allowing confirmation of the diagnosis of two metachronous primary lung cancers.
Inflammatory markers and circulating extracellular matrix proteins in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Authors: López‐Sánchez Marta , Muñoz‐Esquerre Mariana , Huertas Daniel , Montes Ana , Molina‐Molina María , Manresa Federico , Dorca Jordi , Santos Salud
Published: December 2015

Background

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a frequent condition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tenascin‐C (Tn‐C) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) are extracellular matrix proteins associated with myocardial fibrosis and wall remodeling because of inflammation.

Objective

To determine whether the circulating levels of inflammatory markers, Tn‐C and MMP‐9 are associated with LVDD in COPD patients.

Methods

Forty‐two severe stable COPD patients (64 ± 8 years, 88% male, FEV1% 38 ± 5.7) and a control group (n = 11) were included. Pulmonary function tests and a Doppler echocardiography were performed on COPD patients. Baseline serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, fibrinogen, interleukins (IL) 6 and 8, Tn‐C and MMP‐9 were analyzed in all participants.

Results

COPD patients were classified in two groups: LVDD (n = 35) and non‐LVDD (n = 7). Serum levels of IL‐6 and CRP were higher in the LVDD group compared to the non‐LVDD group [median(IQR)] [3.46 pg/mL (2.36–4.74) vs 1.87 pg/mL (1.10–3.28), P = 0.045] and [6.0 mg/L (3.0–13.0) vs 1.0 mg/L (1.0–2.3), P = 0.001], respectively. The same trend was observed in the analysis adjusted by age and BMI, being significant for CRP (P = 0.04). Circulating IL‐6 was associated with the type of LVDD, being higher in the type‐II (P = 0.046). Obese patients with COPD‐LVDD showed a higher level of inflammatory markers (P = 0.021). Tn‐C were significantly higher in patients with LVDD type‐II compared to type‐I [1422 ng/mL (826–1948) vs 781 ng/mL (640–1139), P = 0.015], without differences in MMP‐9.

Conclusions

Severe COPD patients with LVDD showed a different inflammatory pattern, suggesting a link between low‐grade inflammation and the presence of LVDD. In COPD, high levels of Tn‐C are related to LVDD type‐II.
Repeatability of the endurance shuttle walk test in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ngai Shirley P.C. , Spencer Lissa M. , Jones Alice Y.M. , Alison Jennifer A.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Walking tests, including the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT), have been used to assess functional capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Learning effects through repeated practice have been reported for some field walking tests. However, the repeatability of ESWT at various time points, i.e. within the same day, within the week and one week apart, has not been examined.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability of ESWT overtime to determine whether or not a learning effect existed.

Methods

Twenty‐two participants diagnosed with COPD [age 71 ± 6 years; FEV1% predicted 54 ± 24%] were recruited. Participants performed two incremental shuttle walk tests to determine the walking speed for the ESWT and a practice ESWT (Ep) to determine whether the ESWT level was appropriate. ESWT 1(E1) and ESWT 2(E2) were performed on the same day, 30 min apart; ESWT 3(E3) was performed within a week from E2; ESWT 4(E4) was performed one week after E3. Duration walked in each ESWT was recorded. The repeatability of the four ESWTs was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results

The mean durations of E1 to E4 were 368 ± 203 s, 371 ± 182 s, 386 ± 213 s and 367 ± 223 s, respectively, with no time effect (F=0.18, P=0.79).

Conclusion

There was no evidence of learning effect when ESWT was repeated within one day, within one week and one week apart, once the appropriate baseline level was established, showing that ESWT is repeatable in people with moderate COPD.
Operator dependent factors implicated in failure of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for respiratory failure
Authors: Bhatti Hammad , Ramdass Avinash , Cury James D. , Jones Lisa M. , Shujaat Adil , Louis Mariam , Seeram Vandana , Bajwa Abubakr A.
Published: December 2015

Background

Non‐invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) is employed for the management of acute respiratory failure and studies have shown that it can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and associated complications. Given limited studies evaluating the factors, other than those related patient or underlying disease severity, that may lead to NIPPV failure, we performed this study to gain insight into current practices in terms of utilization of NIPPV and operator dependent factors that may possibly contribute to failure of NIPPV.

Method

After institutional board review approval a retrospective chart review was performed of consecutive patients who were initiated on and failed NIPPV between January 2009 and December 2009. Data was recorded regarding baseline demographics, admission diagnosis, indications for NIPPV, presence of contraindications, type of NIPPV and initial settings, ABG analysis before and after initiation, whether a titration of the settings was performed or not, operator related factors that may have contributed to failure of NIPPV and clinical outcomes.

Results

Among 1095 patients screened, 111 failed NIPPV. The mean age was 60 years with 59% males. The most frequent indication for initiating NIPPV was COPD exacerbation (N = 27) followed by pneumonia (N = 26). CPAP was used in 5(6%) patients. Median inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) setting were 10 and 5 cm of H2O respectively. Three most common reasons for failure were an inappropriate indication (33%), Progression of underlying disease (30%) and lack of titration (23%). Overall mortality was 22%. Mortality was higher when NIPPV failure was seen among patients with an inappropriate indication or an overlooked contraindication compared to those with an appropriate indication (27% vs 17%).

Conclusions

Excluding progression of underlying disease, operator dependent factors linked to NIPPV failure are; inappropriate indication, lack of adequate titration and an overlooked contraindication. Inappropriate utilization of NIPPV in respiratory failure is associated with higher mortality.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor luseogliflozin improves glycaemic control, assessed by continuous glucose monitoring, even on a low‐carbohydrate diet
Authors: Nishimura R. , Omiya H. , Sugio K. , Ubukata M. , Sakai S. , Samukawa Y.
Published: December 2015

This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study was the first to determine the effects of luseogliflozin in combination with a low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) on 24‐h glucose variability, assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). A total of 18 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized into two groups, in which patients first received luseogliflozin 2.5 mg once daily then placebo for 8 days each, or vice versa. Patients took luseogliflozin or placebo with a normal‐carbohydrate diet (NCD) on day 7 and with the LCD on day 8. CGM was performed on both days. Luseogliflozin significantly reduced glucose exposure in terms of the area under the curve over the course of 24 h when administered with the NCD (difference vs placebo: −555.6 mg/dl·h [1 mg/dl = 0.0556 mmol/l]; p < 0.001) or with the LCD (−660.7 mg/dl·h; p < 0.001). No hypoglycaemia was observed over 24 h with either diet. Although glucose levels were lower with the LCD than with the NCD in the placebo treatment period, luseogliflozin with the LCD improved glycaemic control throughout the day to nearly the same extent as luseogliflozin with the NCD, without inducing hypoglycaemia.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist exenatide has no acute effect on MRI‐measured exocrine pancreatic function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial
Authors: Smits M. M. , Tonneijck L. , Muskiet M. H. A. , Kramer M. H. H. , Diamant M. , Pieters‐van den Bos I. C. , van Raalte D. H. , Cahen D. L.
Published: December 2015

Aims

To investigate the effect of infusion of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist exenatide on exocrine pancreatic function.

Methods

This was a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover study in 12 male patients with type 2 diabetes, treated with oral glucose‐lowering agents. On two separate occasions, exenatide or placebo (saline 0.9%) were administered intravenously, in randomized order. Exocrine pancreatic function was measured using secretin‐enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. The primary outcome measure was defined as secretin‐stimulated pancreatic excretion volume. Secondary outcome measures were maximum secretion speed and the time to reach this maximum. In addition, changes in pancreatic duct (PD) diameter were measured.

Results

Exenatide did not change secretin‐stimulated pancreatic excretion volume, as compared with placebo (mean ± standard error of the mean 142.2 ± 15.6 ml vs 142.6 ± 8.5 ml, respectively; p = 0.590). Also, exenatide did not change the maximum secretion speed (33.1 ± 1.4 vs 36.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.221), nor the time to reach this maximum (both 4 min 30 s). No differences in PD diameter were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions

Infusion of exenatide did not directly influence MRI‐measured exocrine pancreatic excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although long‐term studies are warranted, these findings suggest that potential adverse pancreatic effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonists are not mediated by changes in exocrine pancreatic secretion.
Environmental drivers of tree community turnover in western Amazonian forests
Authors: Baldeck C. A. , Tupayachi R. , Sinca F. , Jaramillo N. , Asner G. P.
Published: December 2015

A more comprehensive understanding of the factors governing tropical tree community turnover at different spatial scales is needed to support land‐management and biodiversity conservation. We used new forest inventory data from 263 permanent plots in the Carnegie Biodiversity‐Biomass Forest Plot Network spanning the eastern Andes to the western Amazonian lowlands of Peru to examine environmental factors driving genus‐level canopy tree compositional variation at regional and landscape scales. Across the full plot network, constrained ordination analysis indicated that all environmental variables together explained 23.8% of the variation in community composition, while soil, topographic, and climatic variables each explained 15.2, 10.9, and 17.0%, respectively. A satellite‐derived metric of cloudiness was the single strongest predictor of community turnover, and constrained ordination revealed a primary gradient of environmentally‐driven community turnover spanning from cloudy, high elevation sites to warm, wet, lowland sites. For three focal landscapes within the region, local environmental variation explained 13.4–30.8% of compositional variation. Community turnover at the landscape scale was strongly driven by topo‐edaphic factors in the two lowland landscapes examined and strongly driven by potential insolation and topography in the montane landscape. At the regional scale, we found that the portion of compositional variation that was uniquely explained by spatial variation was relatively small (2.7%), and was effectively zero within the three focal landscapes. Overall, our results show strong canopy tree compositional turnover in response to environmental gradients at both regional and landscape scales, though the most important environmental drivers differed between scales and among landscapes. Our results also highlight the usefulness of key satellite‐derived environmental covariates that should be considered when conducting biodiversity analyses in tropical forests.
NicheA: creating virtual species and ecological niches in multivariate environmental scenarios
Authors: Qiao Huijie , Peterson A. Townsend , Campbell Lindsay P. , Soberón Jorge , Ji Liqiang , Escobar Luis E.
Published: December 2015

Robust methods by which to generate virtual species are needed urgently in the emerging field of distributional ecology to evaluate performance of techniques for modeling ecological niches and species distributions and to generate new questions in biogeography. Virtual species provide the opportunity to test hypotheses and methods based on known and unbiased distributions. We present Niche Analyst (NicheA), a toolkit developed to generate virtual species following the Hutchinsonian approach of an n‐multidimensional space occupied by the species. Ecological niche models are generated, analyzed, and visualized in an environmental space, and then projected to the geographic space in the form of continuous or binary species distribution models. NicheA is implemented in a stable and user‐friendly Java platform. The software, online manual, and user support are freely available at < http://nichea.sourceforge.net >.
Understanding continuous professional development participation and choice of mid‐career general dental practitioners
Authors: Brown T. , Wassif H. S.
Published: December 2015

Objective

Participating in continuing professional development (CPD) activities is a requirement for dental practitioners to keep their skills and knowledge up to date. Understanding the ways dental practitioners engage with professional development and the impact on practice is not fully known (Eaton et al. 2011, http://www.gdc-uk.org/Aboutus/policy/Documents/Impact%20Of%20CPD%20In%20Dentistry.pdf). The aim of this study was to gain insights into the ways that dentists reflect on their professional development and what may be influencing their choices.

Method

Empirical qualitative data were collected by semi‐structured interviewing of five mid‐career dentists. Using grounded theory, the data were analysed for themes about CPD choice and participation.

Results

Three themes were identified as influences to dentists’ choices of CPD with pragmatic considerations of how new learning could benefit their patients and their practices. Dental practitioners were influenced by the requirements of external regulatory bodies which they did not consider to necessarily improve practice.

Conclusion

Dentists working in primary care in the UK are undertaking CPD which is influenced by the pragmatic requirements of running a small business and to meet regulatory requirements. In this sample, dentists are not critically reflecting on their education needs when choosing their CPD activity. Protected learning time and organisational feedback and support are recommended as a way to promote more meaningful reflection on learning and to improve professional development.
Influence of an oxygen‐inhibited layer on enamel bonding of dental adhesive systems: surface free‐energy perspectives
Authors: Ueta Hirofumi , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Barkmeier Wayne W. , Oouchi Hajime , Sai Keiichi , Takamizawa Toshiki , Latta Mark A. , Miyazaki Masashi
Published: December 2015

The influence of an oxygen‐inhibited layer (OIL) on the shear bond strength (SBS) to enamel and surface free‐energy (SFE) of adhesive systems was investigated. The adhesive systems tested were Scotchbond Multipurpose (SM), Clearfil SE Bond (CS), and Scotchbond Universal (SU). Resin composite was bonded to bovine enamel surfaces to determine the SBS, with and without an OIL, of adhesives. The SFE of cured adhesives with and without an OIL were determined by measuring the contact angles of three test liquids. There were no significant differences in the mean SBS of SM and CS specimens with or without an OIL; however, the mean SBS of SU specimens with an OIL was significantly higher than that of SU specimens without an OIL. For all three systems, the mean total SFE (γS), polarity force (), and hydrogen bonding force () values of cured adhesives with an OIL were significantly higher than those of cured adhesives without an OIL. The results of this study indicate that the presence of an OIL promotes higher SBS of a single‐step self‐etch adhesive system, but not of a three‐step or a two‐step self‐etch primer system. The SFE values of cured adhesives with an OIL were significantly higher than those without an OIL. The SFE characteristics of the OIL of adhesives differed depending on the type of adhesive.
Parent–Adolescent Conflict, Family Cohesion, and Self‐Esteem Among Hispanic Adolescents in Immigrant Families: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Li Yong , Warner Lynn A.
Published: December 2015

Using data from one wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), the authors investigated the main and interactive effects of parent–adolescent conflict and family cohesion on self‐esteem among a large and diverse sample of adolescents in Hispanic immigrant families. A comparative analysis of four Hispanic ethnic subgroups (Cubans, Mexicans, Nicaraguans, and Colombians) was conducted. The results indicated that across all subgroups, parent–adolescent conflict was negatively associated with self‐esteem. Family cohesion was positively associated with self‐esteem across all subgroups, but it buffered the negative effect of parent–adolescent conflict among Cuban and Mexican adolescents only. The findings underscore the importance of considering differences in national origin when developing culturally informed interventions for Hispanic families. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Why Donor Insemination and Not Adoption? Narratives of Female‐Partnered and Single Mothers
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Scheib Joanna E.
Published: December 2015

Both female couples and single women who seek to become parents theoretically have several family‐building options available, including, most prominently, donor insemination or adoption. In the current study the authors explored how 50 women (36 female partnered, 14 single) explained their decision to use donor insemination and not adoption. The findings revealed that although 60% of women had considered adoption, only 12% took steps toward adopting. Reasons for not considering or pursuing adoption centered on attractive features of biological parenthood (the desire to be pregnant, desire for a genetic link to the child) as well as perceived problems with adoption (cost, the unpredictable nature of the adoption process, and the perceived likelihood of problems in adopted children). Structural barriers to adoption (legal barriers, agency stigma) were also noted. These findings have implications for professionals who work with diverse families during the family‐building stage and for policy makers seeking to reduce the number of children in child welfare.
Revisiting the involvement of signaling gradients in somitogenesis
Authors: Mallo Moisés
Published: December 2015

During embryonic development, formation of individual vertebrae requires that the paraxial mesoderm becomes divided into regular segmental units known as somites. Somites are sequentially formed at the anterior end of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) resulting from functional interactions between the oscillatory activity of signals promoting segmentation and a moving wavefront of tissue competence to those signals, eventually generating a constant flow of new somites at regular intervals. According to the current model for somitogenesis, the wavefront results from the combined activity of two opposing functional gradients in the PSM involving the Fgf, Wnt and retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathways. Here, I use published data to evaluate the wavefront model. A critical analysis of those studies seems to support a role for Wnt signaling, but raise doubts regarding the extent to which Fgf and RA signaling contribute to this process.
Studies of elastic and elastic–plastic J integral for mixed mode cracked plate under biaxial loading
Authors: Miao X.‐T. , Zhou C.‐Y. , Li J. , He X.‐H.
Published: December 2015

Analyses of I–II mixed mode central cracked plate by finite element method are performed in this paper, and some different phenomena are found. First for I–II mixed mode crack, the distribution of J integral along crack tip thickness depends on biaxiality factors because of the existence of vertex (corner) singularity, which is unlike that for mode I or mode II crack. Then J integrals at middle layer keep constant for any cracked plates with different inclined angles β when the biaxiality ratio is equal to 1 or −1, which implies that the inclined angle or the extent of I–II mixed mode has no effect on the J integral for positive or negative equal axial loading conditions. And the decreasing trend of J integral with the inclined angle β for biaxiality ratio λ being between−1 and 1 is just opposite with that for biaxiality ratio λ being larger than 1 and smaller than −1. Finally, proposed h1 (a/W, n, λ, β) of cracked plate with different inclined angles under different biaxial loading are calculated.
Dispersal limitation drives successional pathways in Central Siberian forests under current and intensified fire regimes
Authors: Tautenhahn Susanne , Lichstein Jeremy W. , Jung Martin , Kattge Jens , Bohlman Stephanie A. , Heilmeier Hermann , Prokushkin Anatoly , Kahl Anja , Wirth Christian
Published: December 2015

Fire is a primary driver of boreal forest dynamics. Intensifying fire regimes due to climate change may cause a shift in boreal forest composition toward reduced dominance of conifers and greater abundance of deciduous hardwoods, with potential biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks to regional and global climate. This shift has already been observed in some North American boreal forests and has been attributed to changes in site conditions. However, it is unknown if the mechanisms controlling fire‐induced changes in deciduous hardwood cover are similar among different boreal forests, which differ in the ecological traits of the dominant tree species. To better understand the consequences of intensifying fire regimes in boreal forests, we studied postfire regeneration in five burns in the Central Siberian dark taiga, a vast but poorly studied boreal region. We combined field measurements, dendrochronological analysis, and seed‐source maps derived from high‐resolution satellite images to quantify the importance of site conditions (e.g., organic layer depth) vs. seed availability in shaping postfire regeneration. We show that dispersal limitation of evergreen conifers was the main factor determining postfire regeneration composition and density. Site conditions had significant but weaker effects. We used information on postfire regeneration to develop a classification scheme for successional pathways, representing the dominance of deciduous hardwoods vs. evergreen conifers at different successional stages. We estimated the spatial distribution of different successional pathways under alternative fire regime scenarios. Under intensified fire regimes, dispersal limitation of evergreen conifers is predicted to become more severe, primarily due to reduced abundance of surviving seed sources within burned areas. Increased dispersal limitation of evergreen conifers, in turn, is predicted to increase the prevalence of successional pathways dominated by deciduous hardwoods. The likely fire‐induced shift toward greater deciduous hardwood cover may affect climate–vegetation feedbacks via surface albedo, Bowen ratio, and carbon cycling.
Ecological and methodological drivers of species’ distribution and phenology responses to climate change
Authors: Brown Christopher J. , O'Connor Mary I. , Poloczanska Elvira S. , Schoeman David S. , Buckley Lauren B. , Burrows Michael T. , Duarte Carlos M. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Pandolfi John M. , Parmesan Camille , Richardson Anthony J.
Published: December 2015

Climate change is shifting species’ distribution and phenology. Ecological traits, such as mobility or reproductive mode, explain variation in observed rates of shift for some taxa. However, estimates of relationships between traits and climate responses could be influenced by how responses are measured. We compiled a global data set of 651 published marine species’ responses to climate change, from 47 papers on distribution shifts and 32 papers on phenology change. We assessed the relative importance of two classes of predictors of the rate of change, ecological traits of the responding taxa and methodological approaches for quantifying biological responses. Methodological differences explained 22% of the variation in range shifts, more than the 7.8% of the variation explained by ecological traits. For phenology change, methodological approaches accounted for 4% of the variation in measurements, whereas 8% of the variation was explained by ecological traits. Our ability to predict responses from traits was hindered by poor representation of species from the tropics, where temperature isotherms are moving most rapidly. Thus, the mean rate of distribution change may be underestimated by this and other global syntheses. Our analyses indicate that methodological approaches should be explicitly considered when designing, analysing and comparing results among studies. To improve climate impact studies, we recommend that (1) reanalyses of existing time series state how the existing data sets may limit the inferences about possible climate responses; (2) qualitative comparisons of species’ responses across different studies be limited to studies with similar methodological approaches; (3) meta‐analyses of climate responses include methodological attributes as covariates; and (4) that new time series be designed to include the detection of early warnings of change or ecologically relevant change. Greater consideration of methodological attributes will improve the accuracy of analyses that seek to quantify the role of climate change in species’ distribution and phenology changes.
Safety and efficacy of factor XI (FXI) concentrate use in patients with FXI deficiency: a single‐centre experience of 19 years.
Authors: Ling G. , Kagdi H. , Subel B. , Chowdary P. , Gomez K.
Published: December 2015

Aim

Factor XI (FXI) concentrate is a pooled human plasma‐derived factor concentrate used as replacement therapy for patients with FXI deficiency, which provides a predictable response and consistent haemostatic cover in emergency or elective situations. It has previously been implicated in adverse events such as thrombosis and inhibitor formation, with rare case reports of fatal incidents.

We sought to establish the incidence of such complications in a retrospective case series between 1994 and 2012 at the Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre at Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

Methods

Patients who received FXI concentrate had their medical records reviewed to extract information and specific adverse events recorded such as failure of treatment with further bleeding, suspected viral transfusion transmitted infection (TTI), thrombosis or inhibitor formation.

Results

Eighty‐six patients received 242 treatment episodes of FXI concentrate. Ninety percent of treatment episodes were covered with BPL FXI concentrate and 10% with LFB Hemoleven. Twelve (5%) adverse events were recorded, with eight (3.3%) of all treatment episodes were related to persistent bleeding postconcentrate infusion and there were 4 (1.7%) non‐bleeding adverse events. No viral TTIs were identified. There were two recorded inhibitors, one thrombotic event (central retinal artery occlusion) and one transfusion reaction. No patient suffering an adverse event resulted in long‐term morbidity.

Conclusion

Our experience of FXI concentrate use demonstrates infrequent minor adverse events related to its administration and is a safe product to use.
HISTORY, TIME, AND TEMPORALITY IN A GLOBAL FRAME: ABDALLAH LAROUI'S HISTORICAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF HISTORY
Authors: RIECKEN NILS
Published: December 2015

In this essay I discuss key elements of an original and hitherto neglected contribution by the Moroccan historian, intellectual, and theorist Abdallah Laroui to historical theory in a global frame: his historical epistemology of history and his theory of time and temporalities. I argue that Laroui develops a relational and dialectical form of translation that allows for translating between multiple forms of representing history and time. His attention to temporal logics across different bodies of historical thought enables him to translate concepts of history and time across putatively given “cultural” differences of “Western,” “Islamic,” and “Muslim” forms of historical thought. By unraveling these representations of difference as situated representations of time, he usefully historicizes the very conditions of observing historical difference. Besides outlining Laroui's approach, which I characterize as a situated universalism, I trace how his outlook on historical theory is shaped by his particular location in a postcolonial Muslim society and in a complex relation to “the modern West.” Laroui understands his own location in postcolonial Morocco in dialectical terms as characterized by the interdependence of the local and the global, the indigenous and the exogenous, and the particular and the universal. It is his confrontation with multiple bodies of historical thought that pushes him toward a concern with problems of location, positionality, conceptual translation, and self‐reflexivity leading to his engagement with epistemic frames and situated temporalities. Crucially, his epistemology of history and his theory of time and temporalities constitute a powerful critique of the temporal presuppositions of centrist views of history and time as self‐contained beyond the Moroccan context. Laroui's situated universalism, I conclude, helps to rethink the problem of historical difference beyond the limits of centrist accounts and within a global frame.
HISTORICAL THEORY THROUGH A PERUVIAN LOOKING GLASS
Authors: THURNER MARK
Published: December 2015

In this article for the theme issue on “Historical Theory in a Global Frame,” I argue that “Peru” is a “historical theory in a global frame.” The theory or, as I prefer, theoretical event, named Peru was born global in an early colonial “abyss of history” and elaborated in the writings of colonial and postcolonial Peruvian historians. I suggest that the looking glass held up by Peruvian historiography is of great potential significance for historical theory at large, since it is a two‐way passageway between the ancient and the modern, the Old World and the New, the East and the West. This slippery passageway enabled some Peruvian historians to move stealthily along the bloody cutting‐edge of global history, at times anticipating and at others debunking well‐known developments in “European” historical theory. Today, a reconnaissance of Peruvian history's inner recesses may pay dividends for a historical theory that would return to its colonial and global origins.
IN AND OUT OF THE WEST: ON THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF CHINESE HISTORICAL THEORY
Authors: ZHANG XUPENG
Published: December 2015

In ancient China, dissatisfaction with the official compilation of histories gave rise, in time, to reflections on what makes a good historian, as well as on such issues as the factuality and objectivity of history‐writing, the relationship between rhetoric and reality, and the value of historians’ subjectivity. From these reflections arose a unique set of historiographical concepts. With the coming of modern times, the urgent task of building a nation‐state forced Chinese historians to borrow heavily from Western historical theories in their effort to construct a new history compatible with modernity. A tension thus arose between Western theory and Chinese history. The newly founded People's Republic embraced the materialist conception of history as the authoritative guideline for historical studies, which increased the tension. The decline of the materialist conception of history in the period since China's reform and opening up in the late 1970s and, with this development, the increasing plurality of theories, have not exactly lessened Chinese historians’ keenly felt anxiety when they confront Western theories. For Chinese historians, the current state of affairs with respect to theory is not exactly an extension of Western theories, nor is it a regression to the particularity of Chinese history completely outside the Western compass. Rather, a certain hybridity with respect to theory provides to Chinese historians a way to move both in and out of the West, as well as an opportunity for them to make their own contributions to Western history on the basis of borrowed Western theories.
WRITING HISTORY IN COLONIAL TIMES: POLEMIC AND THE RECOVERY OF SELF IN LATE NINETEENTH‐CENTURY SOUTH INDIA
Authors: MENON DILIP M.
Published: December 2015

This essay looks at two early texts by a Hindu religious figure, Chattampi Svamikal (1853–1924), from Kerala, the southwestern region of India. Kristumatachhedanam (1890) [A Refutation of Christianity] and Pracina Malayalam (1899) [The Ancient Malayalam Region] draw upon a variety of sources across space and time: the echoes of contemporary debates across India and Empire as much as the detritus of the Enlightenment contest between rationalism and religion in Europe. Does the location of the text in “colonial India” exhaust the space‐time of its imagination? The essay argues for a porous rather than a hermetic understanding; the “text” was a supplement to the actual verbal confrontation on street corners and arguments in ephemeral print. The real question is how can historians write postnational histories of thinking? How should we engage with times other than the putatively regnant homogeneous, empty time of empire or nation? I argue that there is an immanent time in texts (arising from the conventions and protocols of the form, the predilections of the thinker, and imagined affinities with ideas coming from other times and places) that exceeds the historical time of the text.
BRAZILIAN HISTORICAL WRITING IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF “HISTORIOGRAPHY”
Authors: DE FARIA PEREIRA MATEUS HENRIQUE , CRISTOVÃO DOS SANTOS PEDRO AFONSO , NICODEMO THIAGO LIMA
Published: December 2015

This article assesses the meanings of the term “historiography” in Brazilian historiography from the late nineteenth century to circa 1950, suggesting that its use plays an essential role in the process of the disciplinarization and legitimation of history as a discipline. The global‐scale comparison, taking into consideration occurrences of the term in German, Spanish, and French, reveals that use of the term took place simultaneously worldwide. The term “historiography” underwent a significant change globally, having become independent from the modern concept of history, shifting away from the political and social dimensions of the writing of history in the nineteenth century and unfolding into a metacritical concept. Such a process enables historians to technically distinguish at least three semantic modulations of the term: 1. history as a living experience; 2. the writing or narration of history; and 3. the critical study of historical narratives. Based on the Brazilian experience, it is possible to think of the “historiography” category as an index of the transformations of the modern concept of history itself between the 1870s and 1940s, a period of intense modification of the experience and expectations of the writing of professional historical scholarship on a global scale.
BETWEEN AFFECT AND HISTORY: SOVEREIGNTY AND ORDINARY LIFE AT AKWESASNE, 1929–1942
Authors: CLEMENTS CHRISTOPHER
Published: December 2015

This essay seeks to recover the ordinary and its analytical and decolonial potential within the extraordinary conditions created by settler colonialism. To do so, it investigates moments when Mohawks at Akwesasne, a community that straddles the US–Canada border, refused to acknowledge settler authority, paying particular attention to the relationship between their refusals and the condition of ordinary life. This article also considers the historical challenge of how to preserve moments of experience and their complex meanings without enveloping them in broader narratives dominated, in this case, by questions of sovereignty. How do theories of sovereignty affect the production of history, and what constraints do they place on our ability to narrate Indigenous experiences? What if we cast away the two narratives that dominate tellings of Indigenous histories: that of a settler crisis over control and that of an age‐old struggle for sovereignty? Is it possible, or useful, to differentiate between acts focused primarily on maintaining the contours of ordinary, everyday life—expressions of lateral agency less about the “long haul” than about the here‐and‐now—and deliberate acts of political engagement, consciously aimed at the structural inequality undergirding a particular situation? Through a deep historical treatment of several moments within Akwesasne's early twentieth‐century history, this essay proposes and attempts to execute a methodology that draws together multiple theories of affect and sovereignty.
RABINDRANATH AND RABINDRANATH TAGORE: HOME, WORLD, HISTORY
Authors: GHOSH RANJAN
Published: December 2015

This article, through a close reading of Rabindranath Tagore's writings on history, tries to develop his theory of history and establish the character of his historical consciousness. Tagore's philosophy of history is distinguished from Western models of historical thinking and is resistant to aligning with nationalist and revivalistic narratives that speak only of one culture, one nation, and one community. The article works out a theoretical premise based on Tagore's engagement with time, historical distance, the everyday, history as life‐view, historical fiction, historicality in literature, and the notion of the historical‐now or presentism. Substantiated by the notion of a “poet‐historian,” Tagore's historical theory works at the limits of “global history,” which is now often misappropriated through the principles of unifocality and bounded rationality. The article develops Tagore's sense of itihasa that frees history from the univocality of world history, creates its own “worlding,” its historicality, enriching and disturbing our notions of global history.
A fuzzy logic model for differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunctions
Authors: Lopes Maria HBM , D'Ancona Carlos AL , Ortega Neli RS , Silveira Paulo SP , Faleiros‐Martins Anna C , Marin Heimar F
Published: December 2015

Lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD) restrict quality of life, resulting in decreased work productivity and emotional well‐being. However, most people are not diagnosed because they do not seek medical treatment. In addition, some facilities do not adequately train health professionals in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The study's objective was to develop a decision support system modelled on fuzzy logic that defines LUTD using the terminology of the International Continence Society. This methodological study aimed to develop a model that uses the maximum–minimum composition (max–min) of fuzzy relations that can perform differential diagnoses of LUTD. The model was tested in 100 cases (50 men and 50 women), and the data were obtained from medical records containing the clinical data and results of urodynamic studies. All medical records were reviewed by a specialist in urology. The model was capable of determining a diagnosis in full (62%) or partial (36%) agreement with the medical report. Agreement between the model and the medical report was excellent (kappa = 0·98, p ≪ 0·001, CI = 0·88–1) or substantial (kappa = 0·53, p ≪ 0·001, CI = 0·45–0·60), considering overestimative accordance (where accordance is assumed when at least one diagnosis is equal) and underestimative accordance (where accordance is assumed when all diagnoses are equal), respectively. The proposed model based on the max–min composition of fuzzy relationships is very simple and performed well. However, more tests are recommended before the model is used as a decision support system.