bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Models of Age-Associated Cognitive Slowing
Authors: Ahmed Sanya , Lytton William W , Stewart Terrence , Crystal Howard
Published: June 2024

Background

Cognitive slowing accompanies normal aging, yet understanding of the mechanisms of slowing is limited at the network and neuronal level. Relating the pathophysiological factors responsible for cognitive slowing, and interpreting its relationship to working memory, requires multiscale computer modeling.

Objective

The aim of this research is to explore multiple mechanisms of cognitive slowing using computational modeling of the cortex to link neuronal activity with cognitive content.

Method

We developed multiscale computer models of a simple cognitive task - Condition 1 of the Stroop recognition task - using the Nengo system, a cognitive simulation environment with a semantic pointer architecture developed to model cognitive tasks using spiking neural networks. We explored how changes associated with aging such as increased input noise, axonal loss, neuronal loss, and feedback would affect the function of the models.

Results

Axonal loss and increased input noise produced profound slowing. High levels of neuronal loss severely impaired memory and paradoxically decreased slowing via the ability to respond more quickly by “releasing” a prior memory. Increased feedback improved memory at the cost of increased slowing.

Conclusion

Our simulations suggest that significant slowing could be caused by white matter loss (axonal loss) or input signal degradation (which could be caused by visual or other afferent system worsening). As neuronal loss markedly decreased the duration of working memory, we propose that physiological feedback is increased to preserve working memory at the cost of further cognitive slowing.
MAPK14/p38α Shapes the Molecular Landscape of Endometrial Cancer and promotes Tumorigenic Characteristics
Authors: Joseph Sayali , Zhang Xingyuan , Droby Gaith , Wu Di , Bae-Jump Victoria , Lyons Scott , Mordant Angie , Mills Allie , Herring Laura , Rushing Blake , Bowser Jessica , Vaziri Cyrus
Published: June 2024

The molecular underpinnings ofHighGradeEndometrialCarcinoma (HGEC) metastatic growth and survival are poorly understood. Here we show that ascites-derived and primary tumor HGEC cell lines in 3D spheroid culture faithfully recapitulate key features of malignant peritoneal effusion and exhibit fundamentally distinct transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic landscapes when compared with conventional 2D monolayers. Using genetic screening platform we identifyMAPK14(which encodes the protein kinase p38α) as a specific requirement for HGEC in spheroid culture.MAPK14/p38α has broad roles in programing the phosphoproteome, transcriptome and metabolome of HGEC spheroids, yet has negligible impact on monolayer cultures.MAPK14promotes tumorigenicityin vivoand is specifically required to sustain a sub-population of spheroid cells that is enriched in cancer stemness markers. Therefore, spheroid growth of HGEC activates unique biological programs, including p38α signaling, that cannot be captured using 2D culture models and are highly relevant to malignant disease pathology.
Mapping Individual Differences in Intermodal Coupling in Neurodevelopment
Authors: Weinstein Sarah M. , Tu Danni , Hu Fengling , Pan Ruyi , Zhang Rongqian , Vandekar Simon N. , Baller Erica B. , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Alexander-Bloch Aaron F. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Park Jun Young
Published: June 2024

Within-individual coupling between measures of brain structure and function evolves in development and may underlie differential risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite increasing interest in the development of structure-function relationships, rigorous methods to quantify and test individual differences in coupling remain nascent. In this article, we explore and address gaps in approaches for testing and spatially localizing individual differences in intermodal coupling. We propose a new method, called CIDeR, which is designed to simultaneously perform hypothesis testing in a way that limits false positive results and improve detection of true positive results. Through a comparison across different approaches to testing individual differences in intermodal coupling, we delineate subtle differences in the hypotheses they test, which may ultimately lead researchers to arrive at different results. Finally, we illustrate the utility of CIDeR in two applications to brain development using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.
Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on peripheral biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and complex IV activity in the prefrontal cortex in rats subjected to chronic mild stress
Authors: Bortoluzzi Luciana , Colombo Rafael , Pinto Karoline Motta , Viscardi Lucas Henriques , Missiaggia Ricardo , Turella Douglas Jean , Schwantess Lisandra , Salvador Mirian , Branco Catia Santos , Rigotti Marina , Scotton Ellen , Schons Tainá , Ribeiro Silene Bazi , Caldieraro Marco Antonio , Rosa Adriane R
Published: June 2024

Background

This study addresses the urgent need for effective alternatives to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients who do not respond to conventional therapies Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy (tPBM) shows promise by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, as demonstrated in the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model.

To analyze the impact of tPBM with two wavelengths (red and infrared) on behavioral and biological parameters related to MDD in a CMS model.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were subjected to CMS for five weeks and categorized into resilient (CMS-R) and susceptible (CMS-S) groups using the sucrose consumption test (SCT). The CMS-S group received tPBM treatment (600nm and 840nm) for five weeks. Biological measures included lipid damage (TBARS), antioxidant defense (TEAC), mitochondrial complex IV activity (CCO), and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the prefrontal cortex and blood were measured.

Results

As expected, post-tPBM treatment (both red and infrared groups) exhibited increased sucrose consumption compared to the sham (Kruskal Wallis chi-squared=26.131; p<0.001). The red and infrared presented higher serum TEAC levels than the sham and control groups, but these effects did not reach statistical significance (p=0.306). In contrast, the red group showed lower peripheral TBARS levels (M = 9.50, SD = 2.87) than the sham group (M = 13.66, SD = 2.20) (p=0.0048); such effect was similar to the control non-stress group. The infrared group showed higher NO levels within the hippocampus than the sham group (Mean = 107.83; SD = 6.48, Dunn Test p = 0.0134) and higher prefrontal CCO activity levels than the red group (p=0.012), which was similar to the control non-stress group.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that tPBM using both red and infrared wavelengths significantly improved behavioral and biological parameters in the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model. In particular, tPBM may offer therapeutic benefits by ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby presenting a promising alternative for the management of MDD.
Genomic sequences and annotations of two pseudomonas species isolated from marine and terrestrial habitats
Authors: Manirakiza Eric , Chaumier Timothée , Tirichine Leïla
Published: June 2024

Here, we present the complete genome sequences and annotations of two species of thePseudomonasgenus isolated from marine and terrestrial environments. Both genomes and their annotations are available on BacBrowse (https://BacBrowse.univ-nantes.fr). This study will contribute to better understanding of the diversity present within thePseudomonasgenus.
AI-driven mobile application: unraveling students’ motivational feature preferences for reading comprehension
Authors: Chavez Odicar Joice , Palaoag Thelma
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigates user preferences for motivational features aligned with self-determination theory (SDT), emphasizing autonomy, relatedness, and competency. The study seeks to identify the most appealing and effective motivational features in AI-driven mobile apps for fostering autonomy, promoting relatedness, and enhancing feelings of competency in the context of reading comprehension.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a mixed-methods research design based on the self-determination theory, the study used triangulation of methods to enhance the research findings' quality, completeness, validity, and understanding.

Findings

Both qualitative and quantitative findings showed similarities in the emphasis on personalization, progress tracking, social interaction, gamification, differences in specific feature preferences, and nuanced recommendations, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive and user-centric development approach.

Research limitations/implications

The study design and sample size might constrain the statistical power and generalizability of the results. The study used a convenience sample of students from one school.

Practical implications

The synthesis of findings suggests the need for a comprehensive development strategy that incorporates both the commonalities and nuanced recommendations from qualitative and quantitative data. Combining the strengths of both findings, a holistic user-centric approach that integrates personalization, progress tracking, social interaction, and gamification is crucial for effective app development. Recognizing that individual preferences may vary, developers should consider tailoring features to accommodate a range of user needs, as indicated by qualitative and quantitative insights.

Originality/value

This comprehensive approach contributes to advancing knowledge in AI-driven mobile applications and their impact on student motivation and reading comprehension in the Philippine context. Also, it provides valuable insights for designers and developers, contributing to creating engaging and user-friendly platforms that enhance reading comprehension skills.
Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer after low anterior resection: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Shoutarou , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Hiroe Nao , Iwasawa Tomohiro , Kosugi Michio , Shimizu Masayuki , Ishida Masaru
Published: June 2024

Radical cystectomy after low anterior resection is rare, and no cases of robotic surgery have been reported. Cystectomy in patients who have undergone a previous pelvic surgery, whether open or endoscopic, requires caution to avoid damaging other organs due to anatomical changes caused by adhesions in a limited space. Additionally, the curative nature of the treatment must be maintained. We describe a 69‐year‐old man with a history of open low anterior resection for rectal cancer who underwent robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with extracorporeal ileal conduit construction. Although this procedure is challenging, it was performed safely with the collaboration of colorectal surgeons. The patient was discharged without perioperative complications and remained recurrence‐free for 5 years.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in a patient with situs inversus totalis: A case report
Authors: Matsuura Hirokazu , Haruta Hidenori , Suzuki Takamichi , Kusama Daisuke , Shinohara Shoichi , Hishikawa Shuji , Kojima Masayuki
Published: June 2024

Situs inversus complicates diagnosis and treatment due to the mirrored organ placement in relation to normal anatomy. This report describes a 78‐year‐old female patient with situs inversus totalis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis. Utilizing the “French mirror technique” for port placement, the surgeon adeptly mirrored standard maneuvers with a 2‐mm needle forceps in the left hand and a 5‐mm forceps in the right in a reversed anatomical setting. This technique maintained familiar hand movements, despite the patient's unique anatomy. The surgeon applied transcystic ductal bile duct exploration, using choledochoscopy for duct exploration and a basket catheter for stone removal. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration through the transcystic ductal route are viable and effective for patients with situs inversus.
Cholesterol transfer to high‐density lipoprotein in obesity and the effects of weight loss after bariatric surgery
Authors: de Oliveira Wilson Pascoalino Camargo , Freitas Fatima Rodrigues , Costa Maurício Tavares , Silva Aline de Oliveira , de Cleva Roberto , Kalil Filho Roberto , Santo Marco Aurélio , Maranhão Raul Cavalcante
Published: June 2024

Obesity increases serum triglycerides and decreases high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). The objective is to explore some functions of HDL, cholesterol transfers and antioxidant, in subjects with grade I (G1‐OB) and III (G3‐OB) obesity and effects of bariatric surgery on G3‐OB. Fifteen G3‐OB patients (43 ± 6 years, BMI 49 ± 3 kg/m2) were studied before and 1 year after bariatric surgery; 15 G1‐OB (32 ± 2 years, 32 ± 2 kg/m2) and 15 normal weight (NW) (38 ± 6 years, 22 ± 1 kg/m2) were also studied. HDL diameter, cholesterol transfer to HDL and antioxidant capacity of HDL were determined. G3‐OB had higher triglycerides and lower HDL‐C; G1‐OB had higher triglycerides than NW but HDL‐C was equal. Compared to NW, HDL size was smaller in G3‐OB but equal in G1‐OB. One year after bariatric surgery, BMI and triglycerides of G3‐OB decreased (p < .0001 and p = .0012, respectively) and HDL‐C increased (p < .0001), equalling of NW group. Antioxidant capacity and cholesterol transfers were not different in groups and were unchanged 1 year after bariatric surgery in G3‐OB. HDL antioxidant capacity and transfer of cholesterol to HDL were not defective in obesity despite HDL‐C reduction and smaller HDL size. In addition, pronounced weight loss by bariatric surgery did not change those protective functions.
Using electronic health records for clinical pharmacology research: Challenges and considerations
Authors: Jafari Eissa , Blackman Marisa H. , Karnes Jason H. , Van Driest Sara L. , Crawford Dana C. , Choi Leena , McDonough Caitrin W.
Published: June 2024

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain a vast array of phenotypic data on large numbers of individuals, often collected over decades. Due to the wealth of information, EHR data have emerged as a powerful resource to make first discoveries and identify disparities in our healthcare system. While the number of EHR‐based studies has exploded in recent years, most of these studies are directed at associations with disease rather than pharmacotherapeutic outcomes, such as drug response or adverse drug reactions. This is largely due to challenges specific to deriving drug‐related phenotypes from the EHR. There is great potential for EHR‐based discovery in clinical pharmacology research, and there is a critical need to address specific challenges related to accurate and reproducible derivation of drug‐related phenotypes from the EHR. This review provides a detailed evaluation of challenges and considerations for deriving drug‐related data from EHRs. We provide an examination of EHR‐based computable phenotypes and discuss cutting‐edge approaches to map medication information for clinical pharmacology research, including medication‐based computable phenotypes and natural language processing. We also discuss additional considerations such as data structure, heterogeneity and missing data, rare phenotypes, and diversity within the EHR. By further understanding the complexities associated with conducting clinical pharmacology research using EHR‐based data, investigators will be better equipped to design thoughtful studies with more reproducible results. Progress in utilizing EHRs for clinical pharmacology research should lead to significant advances in our ability to understand differential drug response and predict adverse drug reactions.
The dynamics of product and labour market power: Evidence from Lithuania
Authors: Ding Ziran , Garcia‐Louzao Jose , Jouvanceau Valentin
Published: June 2024

This paper characterizes the power dynamics of firms in product and labour markets in Lithuania between 2004 and 2018. We first show that both markets are not perfectly competitive, as both price markups and wage markdowns are far from unitary and homogeneous. We show that the dynamics of these margins followed different patterns. On the one hand, dispersion and the economy‐wide markup have increased, suggesting an increase in product market power. On the other hand, we document a decline in monopsony power, as heterogeneity and the aggregate markdown have declined. Altogether, our results underscore the importance of jointly analyzing product and labour markets when assessing firms' market power.
Mental health and quality of life of individuals with epilepsy during the war in Ukraine
Authors: Dubenko Andriy , Morelli Rinaldo , Cross J. Helen , Hall Julie , Kharytonov Volodymyr , Michaelis Rosa , Wiebe Samuel ,   the ILAE Emergency Task Force for Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Objective

To investigate the repercussions of the war in Ukraine on people with epilepsy (PWE), focusing on access to health care, seizure control, quality of life (QoL), psychological distress, anxiety, and depression; and to identify the key factors influencing these measures.

Methods

Consecutive PWE, ≥18 years of age, presenting to one of seven health centers across Ukraine were invited to complete a self‐administered survey in 2023. The survey gathered information on clinical and demographic aspects, geographic displacement, and access to care and medications. It also contained five valid questionnaires exploring psychological distress (Kessler‐10), QoL with the EuroQOL‐5D‐5L (EQ‐5D‐5L), depression with the Neurological Disorders in Epilepsy scale (NDDIE), anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scalae‐Anxiety (HADS‐A), and epilepsy severity with the Global Assessment of the Severity of Epilepsy scale (GASE). Multivariate linear regression models assessed the relationship between measures of mental health and QoL and their potential predictors. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of NAMS of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Results

Among 305 participants (mean age 38 years), 40% were female and 44% had to change residence because of the war. Seizures worsened during the war in 52% of those with active epilepsy and 42% of those with well‐controlled epilepsy. Difficulties accessing health care and anti‐seizure medications occurred in 25% and 34% of PWE, respectively, and was worse among those who were displaced. According to the mental health instruments, 46% suffered psychological distress, 62% experienced anxiety, 50% were depressed, and 59% rated their epilepsy as somewhat severe or worse. Statistically significant predictors of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression included female gender, more severe epilepsy, increased seizures during the war, and requiring mental health support.

Significance

The war significantly disrupted access to health care and availability of medication in PWE, who suffer from significant anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. We identify high‐risk factors that can guide resource allocation for prevention and treatment.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Does Not Protect Against Allergic Diseases: Evidence From a Pediatric Cohort From Northern Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Dore Maria Pina , Meloni Gianfranco , Bassu Ica , Pes Giovanni Mario
Published: June 2024

Background

The “hygiene hypothesis” states that reduced exposure to microbial antigens due to an excessively hygienic environment can increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases, including atopic disorders and asthma. In recent decades, there has been a progressive decline in the prevalence of numerous microorganisms following improved hygienic‐sanitary conditions. More specifically, several studies reported an inverse association between the reduction in Helicobacter pylori infection and the rise of asthma and allergic disorders.

Aim

To evaluate the prevalence of atopic disorders in a pediatric population in relation to seropositivity against H. pylori.

Methods

Children from Northern Sardinia, Italy, referred to the local Children's Hospital for any reason, were investigated to identify risk factors, especially H. pylori infection, associated with atopic disorders. A validated questionnaire, including demographics, house size, history of breastfeeding, residence, school or daycare center attendance, exposure to animals, and a defined diagnosis of atopy—including asthma—was filled out by a trained pediatrician according to parents' answers and child records. A blood sample was collected from each participant and immunoglobulin G against H. pylori was assessed by a locally validated ELISA test.

Results

The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 11.7% among 492 children (240 females). Thirty‐two children had a confirmed diagnosis of asthma and 12 of allergy. No one child showed both conditions. Statistically significant differences in H. pylori seropositivity were not detected between children with or without atopy (8.4% vs. 12.6; p = 0.233). Although atopic disorders were more frequent in children exposed to traditional atopic risk factors, none of them showed to be significant after adjusting for all covariates.

Conclusions

Serologically assessed H. pylori infection was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of atopic diseases in children.
Foraging for oviposition sites in the Hessian fly: random and non‐random aspects of movement
Authors: WITHERS T. M. , HARRIS M. O.
Published: June 2024

Movements of ovipositing Hessian flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), were quantified in plant arrays that varied in one of three ways: (i) in distances between patches of host plants, (ii) in the size of host plant patches, and (iii) in the density of host plants within arrays of non‐host plants. Durations and frequencies of a range of behaviours were quantified, with the expectation that females would adjust some, but not necessarily all, behaviours when the distribution of host and non‐host plants was altered.

Foraging behaviours that were adjusted when plant distribution was altered were seen as evidence for non‐random movement (sensu Morris & Kareiva, 1991), Non‐random components of movement consisted of non‐random settlement on host plants and area‐restricted search after visiting host plants. Ovipositing females also exhibited directed responses to plants; however, directed responses appeared to be based on generalized visual stimuli from grasses rather than species‐specific plant stimuli (e.g. odours).

Several behavioural parameters did not change when plant arrays were altered. Females stayed in wheat patches for relatively constant periods of time and laid similar numbers of eggs before leaving wheat patches regardless of the number of plants in the patch or the time taken to find the patch.

Non‐random movements resulted in the placement of eggs on hosts rather than non‐hosts, while random movement contributed to egg laying over larger areas.
Characterization of virus‐specific DNA forms from tomato tissues infected by tobacco leaf curl virus: evidence for a single genomic component producing defective DNA molecules
Authors: Sharma A , Murayama A , Osaki T , Ikegami M
Published: June 2024

The DNA forms of a tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) isolate, from infected tomato in Japan were characterized. Probes specific to TLCV and tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) from Thailand detected virus‐specific single‐ and double‐stranded DNA equivalent to DNA A of the bipartite geminiviruses. Hybridization analysis and polymerase chain reaction failed to detect a DNA B. In addition to the genomic DNA, defective DNA molecules of approximately half genome length were detected, which were cloned at a unique HpaII site present in the conserved stem‐loop region. Analysis of the partial sequence of 20 independent clones of defective DNA demonstrated their origin from a DNA Alike component. The clone pTLSG 2 was sequenced completely, indicating a large deletion near the coat protein gene and several rearrangements in the replication‐associated protein (AC1) and the intergenic region (IR). This is a novel finding characterizing TLCV at the molecular level, from which it can be predicted as a distinct geminivirus possessing a single genomic component. Furthermore, in infected tomatoes, large amounts of a defective DNA accumulate that have retained cis‐elements essential for replication.
Paediatric infective endocarditis: 19‐year experience at a tertiary care hospital in it developing country
Authors: Bitar FF , Jawdi RA , Dbaibo GS , Yunis KA , Gharzeddine W , Obeid M
Published: June 2024

Bitar FF, Jawdi RA. Dbaibo GS, Yunis KA, Gharzeddine W. Obeid M. Paediatric infective endocarditis: 19‐year experience at a tertiary care hospital in a developing country. Acta Pædiatr 2000; 89: 427‐30. Stockholm ISSN 0803‐5253

A retrospective study was undertaken to study children who presented with infective endocarditis (IE) to a university teaching hospital in Beirut, Lebanon, between January 1977 and May 1995. Of 41 patients with IE (24f, 17M), 28 (68%) were diagnosed between 1977 and 1985. Patients' ages ranged from 3 to 18 y (mean age 11.3 ± 2.8 y), and 13 patients were <10 y of age. Clinical presentations included: fever (in 88%), heart failure (in 39%), neurologic findings (in 20%) and embolic phenomena (in 22%). Nineteen patients (46%) had underlying congenital heart disease (CHD) with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis being the most common. Sixteen patients (39%) had underlying rheumatic heart disease (RHD). A total of 5 children (12%) with normal cardiac anatomy had IE. One had underlying acquired viral myocarditis with mitral insufficiency. Echocardiography showed vegetations in 60%. Blood cultures were positive in 31 patients (76%). IE occurred in three patients following cardiac surgery. In one patient it occurred within 2 mo of surgery and in the other two it occurred within 6 mo. Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus were the two most commonly isolated bacteria. Overall mortality rate was 29% (not statistically significant between patients presenting between 1977‐1985 and 1986‐1995; p = 0.17). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality among the groups (five in the group with CHD, six with RHD and one with structurally normal heart).
Developing genetic tools to control the Oriental fruit fly: Potential approaches and target genes
Authors: Traoré Nouhoun , Galizi Roberto , Kientega Mahamadi , Maïga Hamidou , Nébié Karim , Dabiré Rémy A. , Belem Adrien M. G. , Diabaté Abdoulaye
Published: June 2024

The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a pest of significant economic interest that damages horticulture and causes major economic losses worldwide. The main control measures are based on insecticides, which are being increasingly restricted due to the development of genetic resistance. Therefore, there is a crucial need for a novel, sustainable, and environmentally safe means of controlling this pest. Advances in genome editing, aided by the discovery of CRISPR‐Cas9 tools and the development of gene drive systems, offer new alternatives for combating insect pests and vectors. Genetic suppression tools targeting key parameters could become powerful assets within the AW‐IPM programme for controlling B. dorsalis. This literature review provides an overview of currently characterized genes that could be targeted for genetic suppression of B. dorsalis.
Realist process evaluation of the knowledge translation programme of a patient‐oriented research network
Authors: Yamaguchi Sakiko , Zerbo Alix , Cardoso Roberta , Elsabbagh Mayada , Gitterman Aryeh , Glegg Stephanie , Gonzalez Miriam , Putterman Connie , Weiss Jonathan A. , Shikako Keiko ,   CHILD‐BRIGHT Knowledge Translation Program Committee
Published: June 2024

Rationale

The Knowledge Translation (KT) Programme of a pan‐Canadian strategic patient‐oriented research network focused on brain‐based developmental disabilities aimed to mobilize knowledge relevant to the network members. The programme also promotes and studies integrated Knowledge Translation (iKT) approaches involving different interested parties, such as researchers, patient‐partners and decision‐makers, in all parts of the knowledge creation process.

Aims and Objectives

The objective of this study is to advance research programme evaluation methods through a realist evaluation of the process of implementing iKT activities.

Methods

Realist process evaluation included: (1) development of initial programme theories (using the partnership synergy theory); (2) data collection and analysis; (3) synthesis and refinement of theories through engagement with literature; and (4) presentation of findings in context‐mechanism‐outcome (C‐M‐O) configurations. A range of project documentation records were reviewed for analysis, and three co‐leads, a programme coordinator, and a senior research associate were consulted to contextualize the implementation process of relevant KT activities.

Results

Based on the developed C‐M‐O configurations, we identified five key mechanisms of generating synergy in the iKT processes: (1) Visible shared leadership that embodies what iKT looks like; (2) Researchers' readiness for iKT; (3) Adaptation and flexible allocation of resources to emerging needs; (4) Power sharing to create practical and creative knowledge; and (5) Collective voice for potential transformative impacts at the policy level.

Conclusions

The current realist evaluation demonstrated how partnerships between researchers, patient‐partners and other interested parties can synergistically generate new ways of thinking among all interested parties, actionable strategies to integrate users in research, and solutions to disseminate knowledge. In particular, we identified a pivotal role for patient‐partners to act as equal decision‐maker helps building and maintaining partnerships and consolidating KT strategies.
Importance of early consideration of scaling and sustainability for aging‐related care models: Case study of Hospital at Home
Authors: Siu Albert L. , Leff Bruce
Published: June 2024

For aging‐related research, there is a pressing need to attend to the dissemination and implementation of evidence‐based interventions. Some aging‐related interventions with established effectiveness may be poorly disseminated and implemented due to behavioral, organizational, payment, or other constraints. To provide insight into the beginning to end process of translation and implementation, we present a case history of the three‐decade progression of Hospital at Home (HaH) now nearing national dissemination. We summarize research at various phases with particular attention to implementation considerations. Reviewing over three decades of HaH‐related research dating from initial discovery to translation and implementation, we found that the content and importance of different constructs (e.g., inner practice vs. outer environmental setting) and the choice of implementation strategies differed depending on implementation context (testing of effectiveness, scaling, or sustainability). Early effectiveness studies mostly examined implementation issues related to the intervention, the practice setting, and the individuals involved. However, explicit and early consideration of scale and sustainment was not the primary focus. For example, HaH program intake is primarily through hospital emergency departments (ED). Initial efforts would have benefited from incorporating strategies (e.g., incorporating ED leadership into program leadership) to address night and weekend admissions. Many regulatory barriers did not surface during initial considerations. Considering implementation issues late may contribute to delay in bringing discoveries to population impact. The experience with HaH suggests that scale and sustainability bear earlier consideration because barriers and facilitators to implementation are likely to be different in content and importance at different phases of implementation.
The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione precursors, on the productivity, digestive performance and blood profile of weaning pigs
Authors: Wahid Sumaya Tanzin , Lee Sang Seon , Kim In Ho
Published: June 2024

The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione (GSH) precursors, was studied as a factor in determining the growth rate of weaning pigs, their digestion of nutrient supplements and their blood concentration levels. There were 180 crossbred weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.94 ± 1.53 kg (five pigs per pen [two barrows and three gilts]; nine pens per treatment) that were randomly assigned to one of four diets. We used a basal diet as the control, TRT1 as the treatment with 0.10% precursor of GSH, TRT2 as the treatment with 0.20% precursor of GSH and TRT3 as the treatment with 0.30% precursor of GSH. The BW of weaning pigs exhibited a linear increase on days 7 (p < 0.001), 21 (p < 0.001) and 42 (p < 0.009) following the supplementation with the GSH precursor. Supplementation with GSH precursor led to a consistent and gradual increase in average daily gain (ADG) on days 8–21, 22–42 and overall, as indicated by a significant linear trend (p < 0.05). G: F was linearly increased (p < 0.05) on days 22–42 and overall with the increment in the precursor of GSH supplementation. However, GSH precursor supplementation did not have any impact on nutrient digestibility and blood profile in the treatment group. In summary, the administration of GSH precursor improved BW, ADG and G: F ratio while not affecting nutrient digestibility or blood profile.
Okeanomitos corallinicola gen. and sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a new toxic marine heterocyte‐forming Cyanobacterium from a coral reef
Authors: Li Haiyan , Li Renhui , Kang Jianhua , Hii Kieng Soon , Mohamed Hala F. , Xu Xinya , Luo Zhaohe
Published: June 2024

Cyanobacterial mats supplanting coral and spreading coral diseases in tropical reefs, intensified by environmental shifts caused by human‐induced pressures, nutrient enrichment, and global climate change, pose grave risks to the survival of coral ecosystems. In this study, we characterized Okeanomitos corallinicola gen. and sp. nov., a newly discovered toxic marine heterocyte‐forming cyanobacterium isolated from a coral reef ecosystem of the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene and the secondary structure of the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic region, placed this species in a clade distinct from closely related genera, that is, Sphaerospermopsis stricto sensu, Raphidiopsis, and Amphiheterocytum. The O. corallinicola is a marine benthic species lacking gas vesicles, distinguishing it from other members of the Aphanizomenonaceae family. The genome of O. corallinicola is large and exhibits diverse functional capabilities, potentially contributing to the resilience and adaptability of coral reef ecosystems. In vitro assays revealed that O. corallinicola demonstrates notable cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines, suggesting its potential as a source of novel anticancer compounds. Furthermore, the identification of residual saxitoxin biosynthesis function in the genome of O. corallinicola, a marine cyanobacteria, supports the theory that saxitoxin genes in cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates may have been horizontally transferred between them or may have originated from a shared ancestor. Overall, the identification and characterization of O. corallinicola provides valuable contributions to cyanobacterial taxonomy, offering novel perspectives on complex interactions within coral reef ecosystems.
The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and its correlates vary by trimester and hemoglobin assessment method in Eastern Maharashtra, India
Authors: Locks Lindsey M. , Bhaise Shilpa , Dhurde Varsha , Gugel Abigail , Lauer Jacqueline , Shah Miloni , Goghari Aboli , Hibberd Patricia L. , Patel Archana
Published: June 2024

Approximately half of pregnant women in India are anemic, representing over 7.5 million women. Few studies have assessed the relationship between multiple micronutrient deficiencies and anemia during pregnancy or the trajectory of hemoglobin (Hb) during pregnancy in low‐resource settings. We enrolled 200 pregnant women from the Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) registry, a population‐based pregnancy and birth registry in Eastern Maharashtra, India to address these gaps. The women provided capillary (finger‐prick) and venous blood specimens at enrollment (<15 weeks), and a second capillary specimen in the 3rd trimester (>27 weeks). Capillary specimens were analyzed at the time of collection with a HemoCue Hb 201+; venous specimens were shipped on dry ice to a laboratory for cyanmethemoglobin assessment. In the 1st trimester, mean Hb concentration and anemia (Hb<11.0 g/dL) prevalence using capillary specimens were 10.9 ± 1.5 g/dL and 51.1%; mean Hb concentration using venous blood specimens was estimated to be 11.3 ± 1.3 g/dL and anemia prevalence was 37.5%. The prevalence of iron, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies were 40%, 30% and 0%, respectively. Among women with anemia in the 1st trimester (venous blood), 56% had concurrent iron deficiency (inflammation‐adjusted serum ferritin <15 µg/L) indicating that their anemia may be amenable to iron supplementation. In total, 21% of women had ID and anemia, 19% ID in the absence of anemia, 16.5% anemia in the absence of ID and 43.5% had neither. By the 3rd trimester, mean Hb from capillary specimens had declined to 10.1 ± 1.35 g/dL and anemia prevalence increased to 70.7%, despite 99.4% mothers reporting receipt of iron‐folic acid (IFA) supplements during her current pregnancy, and 83.9% reporting IFA consumption the previous day. Significant predictors of anemia in the 1st trimester (both venous and capillary) included the number of weeks gestation at the time of Hb assessment and inflammation‐adjusted serum ferritin. For 3rd trimester anemia, significant predictors included 1st trimester height, BMI and IFA consumption during the 3rd trimester (but not 1st trimester micronutrient biomarkers), indicating that IFA supplementation over the course of pregnancy may have influenced micronutrient status and anemia risk. Our findings highlight the severity of the burden of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in Eastern Maharashtra, but also highlight that in many cases, ID and anemia affect different individuals. Preventing and managing anemia in pregnancy in India will require strengthening both clinical and community‐based strategies targeting iron deficiency, as well as other causes of anemia.
Exploring treatment and antifungal resistance in an outbreak of tinea caused by Microsporum audouinii
Authors: Johansen Claus Dall , Shen Julia Jia Rui , Astvad Karen Marie Thyssen , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Christensen Jens Jørgen , Saunte Ditte Marie Lindhardt
Published: June 2024

Background

Microsporum audouinii has resurged recently. Infections with the dermatophyte are difficult to treat, which raises the question if we treat M. audouinii infections with the most effective antifungal (AF) agent.

Objectives

The aims of this study was to investigate an outbreak of tinea capitis (TC) in Denmark, address the challenges in outbreak management and to conduct two reviews regarding previous outbreaks and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Methods

We used Wood's light, culture, direct microscopy, and PCR for screening and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) for treatment optimization. We performed two reviews to explore M. audouinii outbreaks and MIC values using broth microdilution method.

Results

Of 73 screened individuals, 10 had confirmed M. audouinii infections. Clinical resistance to griseofulvin was observed in 4 (66%) cases. While previous outbreaks showed high griseofulvin efficacy, our study favoured terbinafine, fluconazole and itraconazole in our hard‐to‐treat cases. AFST guided the choice of AF. Through the literature search, we identified five M. audouinii outbreaks, where differences in management included the use of Wood's light and prophylactic topical AF therapy. Terbinafine MIC values from the literature ranged from 0.002 to 0.125 mg/L.

Conclusion

Use of Wood's light and preventive measurements were important for limiting infection. The literature lacked MIC data for griseofulvin against M. audouinii, but indicated sensitivity for terbinafine. The clinical efficacy for M. audouinii treatment was contradictory favouring both terbinafine and griseofulvin. AFST could have a key role in the treatment of difficult cases, but lack of standardisation of AFST and MIC breakpoints limits its usefulness.
ToF‐SIMS imaging reveals changes in tumor cell lipids during metastatic progression of melanoma
Authors: Neittaanmäki Noora , Zaar Oscar , Cehajic Kevin Sjögren , Nilsson Kelly Dimovska , Katsarelias Dimitrios , Bagge Roger Olofsson , Paoli John , Fletcher John S.
Published: June 2024

Most melanomas progress from radial to vertical growth phase before spreading locoregionally and distally. Much is still unknown about the metabolic changes in the tumor cells and their microenvironment during this metastatic progression. We aimed to gain new insight into the molecular characteristics of melanoma in regard to spatial lipidomics to deliver new knowledge regarding tumor metastatic progression. We included 10 fresh tumor samples from 10 patients including two in situ melanomas, two invasive primary melanomas, and six metastatic melanomas (four in‐transit metastases and two distant metastases). In addition, we analyzed four healthy skin controls from the same patients. Time‐of‐flight imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) enabled detailed spatial‐lipidomics that could be directly correlated with conventional histopathological analysis of consecutive H&E‐stained tissue sections. Significant differences in the lipid profiles were found in primary compared to metastatic melanomas, notably an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine lipids relative to phosphatidylinositol lipids and an increase in GM3 gangliosides in the metastatic samples. Furthermore, analysis of the data from in transit versus distant metastases samples highlighted that specific phospholipids, and a difference in the long versus shorter chain GM3 gangliosides, discriminated the metastatic routes. Further studies are warranted to verify these preliminary findings. Lipidomic changes could serve as a novel biomarker for tumor progression and even serve as a target for novel treatments. Furthermore, analyzing the lipid profiles could help to differentiate between primary and metastatic melanomas in challenging cases.
Full Souslin trees at small cardinals
Authors: Rinot Assaf , Yadai Shira , You Zhixing
Published: June 2024

A ‐tree is full if each of its limit levels omits no more than one potential branch. Kunen asked whether a full ‐Souslin tree may consistently exist. Shelah gave an affirmative answer of height a strong limit Mahlo cardinal . Here, it is shown that these trees may consistently exist at small cardinals. Indeed, there can be many full ‐trees such that the product of any countably many of them is an ‐Souslin tree.
The fuel mixing of multi-annular extruded fuel jets in cavity flame holder at supersonic combustion chamber: Computational study
Authors: Kamyarpour Naser , Hosseinnejad Farhad , Seyyedi Seyyed Masoud , Hashemi-Tilehnoee M.
Published: June 2024

A cavity-flame holder is widely used for the injection of the fuel jet in a supersonic combustor due to high fuel residence time. This paper presents extensive results about the impacts of extruded annular multi-jets for improving fuel mixing inside the cavity flame holder. A three-dimensional model of the cavity with multiple extruded nozzles in different lengths and conditions has been examined in this study to investigate the flow and fuel mixing inside the cavity. In addition, the usage of internal air jets is investigated and extensive comparisons between the elongation of the extruded nozzle and the use of the inner air jets for better fuel distribution are done. The presented results show that the usage of both inner air jet and nozzle elongation significantly enhances the fuel distribution within the cavity flame-holder. The achieved finding confirms that the latter technique is more efficient for the fuel mixing in the combustor of a scramjet engine.
Status and R & D of ASHIPH-SiPM option for PID
Authors: Barnyakov A. Y. , Bobrovnikov V. S. , Buzykaev A. R. , Chepelev A. V. , Danilyuk A. F. , Efremov R. A. , Katcin A. A. , Kravchenko E. A. , Kononov S. A. , Kuyanov I. A. , Ovtin I. V. , Petrukhin K. G.
Published: June 2024

The ASHIPH (Aerogel, SHifter, PHotomultiplier) Cherenkov counters are considered as a particle identification system alternative option for the detector on future Super Charm-Tau factory. The ASHIPH counters have been operating successfully in the KEDR and SND experiments in Novosibirsk at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Previously in our experiments Micro Channel Plate PMTs were used for the photon detection in the ASHIPH counters. Now, we have developed a prototype of the ASHIPH counter with SiPM (Silicon PMTs) array as a photodetector. Such an upgrade will increase the number of detected photoelectrons by 2.5 times and consequently improve the quality of particle separation. The results of testing the ASHIPH counter prototype on the electron test beam facility of the VEPP-4M accelerator is presented.
Tau physics at Belle and Belle II
Authors: Bodrov Denis
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we present the major results obtained in [Formula: see text] physics by the Belle and Belle II experiments. For the Belle II experiment, we also discuss prospects for improved measurements of the [Formula: see text] lepton properties, new results in Michel parameters determination, and searches for CP and lepton flavor violation in [Formula: see text] decays.
Conjugacy in Miller’s groups
Authors: Gillis Conan
Published: June 2024

In 1971 C. F. Miller associated to every finitely presented group G a free-by-free group [Formula: see text] known as the Miller Machine, whose conjugacy problem is closely related to the conjugacy and word problems of G. We quantify this relationship, and look to fully understand the conjugacy problem of [Formula: see text]; namely, we reduce the conjugacy problem in [Formula: see text] to a strong form of list conjugacy in G, which we term iso-computational list conjugacy. As an application, we show that if G is finite, the conjugacy problem for [Formula: see text] is in [Formula: see text].
Characterization of the absorption radical of an evolution algebra using their associated graph
Authors: Cadavid Paula , Reis Tiago , Montoya Mary Luz Rodiño
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we present a method for finding the absorbing radical of a finite-dimensional evolution algebra. Such a method consists of finding the acyclic vertices of an oriented graph associated with the algebra. The set of generators associated with such vertices turn out to be the generators of the absorption radical. As an application we use the absorption radical to study the decomposability of some degenerate evolution algebras.