bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recreational screen time and obesity risk in Korean children: a 3-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Jang Hajin , Cho Yoonkyoung , Oh Hannah
Published: September 2024

Background

Studies have shown that prolonged television watching increases obesity risk among children. However, few studies examined the associations with other types of screen time, such as computer and smartphone use, using a prospective cohort study design. Further, little is known about the specific non-screen time activity that may yield the most benefits when reallocating screen time to other activities.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort analysis using 3-year follow-up data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (n = 2,023; 4th grade elementary students who were not obese at baseline). Average time spent watching television, using computer and smartphone, and other after-school activities were self-reported at baseline. Weight and height were also self-reported at baseline and follow-up surveys through 2021. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between screen time and obesity incidence, adjusting for potential confounders. We also performed isotemporal substitution models to examine the associations of reallocating screen time to other non-screen time activities (physical activity, sleeping, hanging out with friends, reading, studying, and chatting with parents) in an equal time-exchange manner.

Results

Longer combined screen time (≥ 240 vs. <120 m/d) was statistically significantly associated with an increased obesity risk (OR [95% CI] = 1.68 [1.03, 2.73]). The direction of associations with television watching (≥ 180 vs. <60 m/d: OR [95% CI] = 2.86 [1.58, 5.20]), computer use (≥ 120 vs. <60 m/d: 1.38 [0.52, 3.64]), and smartphone use (≥ 180 vs. <60 m/d: 1.42 [0.76, 2.65]) were all positive, although the association was most apparent and statistically significant for television watching only. The associations did not change after additional adjustment for other lifestyle factors, including physical activity, sleep, and breakfast skipping. In the isotemporal substitution models, reallocating 1-hour of screen time to reading (OR [95% CI] = 0.67 [0.48, 0.93]) was associated with a decreased obesity risk. Reallocating 1-hour of screen time to physical activity was only marginally significantly associated with obesity risk (0.79 [0.62, 1.01]).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that more efforts should focus on reducing screen time and increasing time for other non-screen time activities, particularly reading, for obesity prevention in children.
Influence of socio-contextual factors on the link between traditional and new media use, and young people’s sexual risk behaviour in Sub-Saharan Africa: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Okoye Helen Uche , Saewyc Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Background

Traditional and new media use links to young people’s sexual risk behaviour. The social contexts of young people’s daily lives that influence media use and sexual risk behaviour are often investigated as independent causal mechanisms. We examined the link between media use and young people’s sexual risk behaviour, considering the intersecting socio-contextual factors in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

Age-adjusted bivariate logistic regression models tested the association between traditional media (TV, radio, and newspapers), and new media (mobile phone and online) use and sexual risk behaviour using the Demographic and Health Surveys from six Sub-Saharan African countries among unmarried sexually active youths, aged 15–24 years. Multivariate logistic regression models ascertained the media sources that had an additional influence on young people’s sexual risk behaviour, after accounting for socio-contextual factors, and knowledge about HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

Results

Socio-contextual factors attenuated the association between media use and young people’s sexual risk behaviour in many countries. However, those who did not have access to new and traditional media were more likely to use unreliable contraceptive methods or not use contraception. Adolescents in Nigeria who did not own phones were 89% more likely to use unreliable contraceptive methods or not use any methods [(AOR = 1.89 (1.40–2.56), p < .001)], those in Angola who did not read newspapers had higher odds of not using contraception or used unreliable methods [(aOR = 1.65 (1.26–2.15), p < .001)]. Young people in Angola (aOR = 0.68 (0.56–0.83), p < .001), Cameroon [(aOR = 0.66 (0.51–0.84), p < .001)], Nigeria [(aOR = 0.72 (0.56–0.93), p = .01)], and South Africa [(aOR = 0.69 (0.49–0.98), p = .03)] who did not own phones were less likely to have 2 or more sexual partners compared to those who owned phones. Lack of internet access in Mali was associated with lower odds of having 2 or more sexual partners (aOR = 0.45 (0.29–0.70), p < .001). Traditional media use was significantly associated with transactional sex in many countries.

Conclusions

Media use is linked to sexual risk behaviour among young people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Socioeconomic inequalities, levels of globalization, as well as rural–urban disparities in access to media, underscore the need to deliver tailored and targeted sexual risk reduction interventions to young people using both traditional and new media.
Prevalence and gender - specific analysis of a systemic sclerosis cohort in Latvia
Authors: Ivanova Kristine , Ribakova Olga , Mihailova Anna , Mozeitovica Evelina , Kadisa Anda , Zepa Julija , Kenina Viktorija , Kurjane Natalja , Bulina Inita
Published: September 2024

Background

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is considered by many to be one of the most severe autoimmune rheumatic diseases with lower prevalence observed in Northern Europe. No previous studies on the prevalence of SSc in Latvia have been conducted and the aim was to study the demographic and clinical data of patients with SSc in northeastern Europe country.

Methods

This study was conducted in two main Latvian hospitals for adults and includes patients with SSc who were consulted between 2016 and 2021.

Results

During the study period, 159 patients with SSc were consulted. The point prevalence on 1 January 2021 was 84.0 per million. Female to male ratio was 4.67:1, and highest gender ratio was observed in the age group 70–79-year (6.75:1). Antinuclear antibodies were present in 82.58% of patients, without gender difference. Centromere pattern was more frequently observed in females (40.19% vs. 19.04%), in contrast to speckled pattern (50.98% vs. 57.14%). At disease onset females tended to be younger (46.51 ± 13.52) than males (50.5 ± 16.64). Males had more diffuse cutaneous subtype, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension and esophageal dysmotility. More than half of patients received treatment with glucocorticoids at any point of the disease (68.31%), without gender difference.

Conclusions

Systemic sclerosis is less common in Latvia than in other countries and regions. Due to its location, the data from Latvia are consistent with a north-south gradient in Europe. Gender ratio differences persisted in older age groups as well. Antinuclear antibodies presence did not differ between genders, but in female’s centromere pattern was much more likely to be present. Males had more severe disease course, but in both genders more than half of patients received treatment with GCs at any point of the disease.
Genotype-phenotype correlation and founder effect analysis in southeast Chinese patients with sialidosis type I
Authors: Du Yi-Chu , Ma Ling-Han , Li Quan-Fu , Ma Yin , Dong Yi , Wu Zhi-Ying
Published: September 2024

Background

Sialidosis type 1 (ST-1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the NEU1 gene. However, limited reports on ST-1 patients in the Chinese mainland are available.

Methods

This study reported the genetic and clinical characteristics of 10 ST-1 patients from southeastern China. A haplotype analysis was performed using 21 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of 500 kb flanking the recurrent c.544 A > G in 8 families harboring the mutation. Furthermore, this study summarized and compared previously reported ST-1 patients from Taiwan and mainland China.

Results

Five mutations within NEU1 were found, including two novel ones c.557 A > G and c.799 C > T. The c.544 A > G mutation was most frequent and identified in 9 patients, 6 patients were homozygous for c.544 A > G. Haplotype analysis revealed a shared haplotype surrounding c.544 A > G was identified, suggesting a founder effect presenting in southeast Chinese population. Through detailed assessment, 52 ST-1 patients from 45 families from Taiwan and mainland China were included. Homozygous c.544 A > G was the most common genotype and found in 42.2% of the families, followed by the c.544 A > G/c.239 C > T compound genotype, which was observed in 22.2% of the families. ST-1 patients with the homozygous c.544 A > G mutation developed the disease at a later age and had a lower incidence of cherry-red spots significantly.

Conclusion

The results contribute to gaps in the clinical and genetic features of ST-1 patients in southeastern mainland China and provide a deeper understanding of this disease to reduce misdiagnosis.
MBD2 regulates the progression and chemoresistance of cholangiocarcinoma through interaction with WDR5
Authors: Wang Da , Chen Junsheng , Wu Guanhua , Xiong Fei , Liu Wenzheng , Wang Qi , Kuai Yiyang , Huang Wenhua , Qi Yongqiang , Wang Bing , He Ruizhi , Chen Yongjun
Published: September 2024

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant, rapidly progressing tumor of the bile duct. Owing to its chemoresistance, it always has an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, detailed elucidation of the mechanisms of chemoresistance and identification of therapeutic targets are still needed.

Methods

We analyzed the expression of MBD2 (Methyl-CpG-binding domain 2) in CCA and normal bile duct tissues using the public database and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The roles of MBD2 in CCA cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance ability were validated through CCK-8, plate cloning assay, wound healing assays and xenograft mouse model. In addition, we constructed a primary CCA mouse model to further confirm the effect of MBD2. RNA-seq and co-IP-MS were used to identify the mechanisms by how MBD2 leads to chemoresistance.

Results

MBD2 was upregulated in CCA. It promoted the proliferation, migration and chemoresistance of CCA cells. Mechanistically, MBD2 directly interacted with WDR5, bound to the promoter of ABCB1, promoted the trimethylation of H3K4 in this region through KMT2A, and activated the expression of ABCB1. Knocking down WDR5 or KMT2A blocked the transcriptional activation of ABCB1 by MBD2. The molecular inhibitor MM-102 targeted the interaction of WDR5 with KMT2A. MM-102 inhibited the expression of ABCB1 in CCA cells and decreased the chemoresistance of CCA to cisplatin.

Conclusion

MBD2 promotes the progression and chemoresistance of CCA through interactions with WDR5. MM-102 can effectively block this process and increase the sensitivity of CCA to cisplatin.
Role of ultra-processed foods in modulating the effect of Mediterranean diet on human and planet health—study protocol of the PROMENADE randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dinu Monica , Angelino Donato , Del Bo’ Cristian , Serafini Mauro , Sofi Francesco , Martini Daniela
Published: September 2024

Background

The Mediterranean diet (MD), globally recognized for its sustainability and health benefits, traditionally emphasizes the consumption of plant-based foods in raw or minimally processed forms. However, shifting lifestyles, even in Mediterranean regions, have led to an increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF). Epidemiological evidence suggests that UPF consumption may be detrimental to human health, but there is only one clinical trial on this topic which is largely debated in the scientific community. This study aims to investigate the impact of the inclusion of UPF within a Mediterranean-based dietary pattern on cardiometabolic markers, gut microbiota, and other markers of human and planet health.

Methods

Fifty clinically healthy individuals showing overweight and presenting a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile will be recruited for a 7-month randomized, open, cross-over dietary trial. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a 3-month high-UPF MD (intervention group) or a low-UPF MD (control group), with a 1-month wash-out period. Both intervention diets will have identical food group compositions, with the intervention group consuming 5 servings/day of selected UPF items, and the control group consuming raw/minimally processed items from the same food group. Blood, urine, and fecal samples, alongside food/lifestyle diaries, will be collected from each participant before and after the dietary interventions. The primary endpoint will be the change in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels from baseline. Additional markers include blood pressure, anthropometric parameters, chemical parameters, glucose and lipid-related metabolic markers, incretins, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, fecal microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acids. Finally, food waste production will be evaluated through specific validated food diaries. The study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Milan and the Tuscany Regional Ethics Committee of the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) - Careggi, Florence.

Discussion

Results from the PROMENADE study will improve knowledge about the impact of UPF consumption on human and planet health and will contribute to the scientific debate on this topic.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06314932. Registered on March 13, 2024.
Biological characteristics of a new long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 from Trichinella spiralis and its participation in lipid metabolism, larval moulting, and development
Authors: Li Yang Li , Lu Qi Qi , Zheng Wen Wen , Zhang Zhao Yu , Wu Jin Yi , Wei Mei Hao , Zhang Xin Zhuo , Liu Ruo Dan , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing
Published: September 2024

Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) is a member of the fatty acid transporter family. It facilitates transmembrane transport of fatty acids and participates in lipid metabolism. Lipids are essential components of the cell and organelle membranes of Trichinella spiralis. The nematode has lost the capacity to synthesise the necessary lipids de novo and has instead evolved to obtain fatty acids and their derivatives from its host. This study aims to ascertain the primary biological characteristics and roles of T. spiralis FATP1 (TsFATP1) in lipid metabolism, larval moulting, and the development of this nematode. The results show that TsFATP1 is highly expressed at enteral T. spiralis stages, mainly localised at the cuticle, the stichosome and the intrauterine embryos of the parasite. The silencing of the TsFATP1 gene by TsFATP1-specific dsRNA significantly decreases the expression levels of TsFATP1 in the worm. It reduces the contents of ATP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and phospholipids both in vitro and in vivo. RNAi inhibits lipid metabolism, moulting, and the growth of this nematode. The results demonstrate that TsFATP1 plays an essential role in lipid metabolism, moulting, and the development of T. spiralis. It could also be a target candidate for the anti-Trichinella vaccine and drugs.
Nano-encapsulation of essential amino acids: ruminal methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and fermentation
Authors: De Jesús Jorge Adalberto Cayetano , Elghandour Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen , Adegbeye Moyosore Joseph , Aguirre Daniel López , Roque-Jimenez José Alejandro , Lackner Maximilian , Salem Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-encapsulation of four essential amino acids (AA), threonine, methionine, tryptophan, and lysine on in vitro ruminal total gas, methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide production as well as the rumen fermentation profile in cattle. The highest (P < 0.001) rate and asymptotic gas production after 48 h of incubation was observed in the diets that had threonine, followed by lysine, methionine, and tryptophan. Asymptotic methane gas production decreased in the following order: threonine > lysine > tryptophan > methionine (P < 0.0001) and the rate of production per hour followed the same trend (P = 0.0259). CH4 parameters showed that in 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h of incubation the lowest methane production was obtained in the diet with methionine (P < 0.05) and the highest one in diet supplemented with threonine. Methane fractions showed that methionine-containing diets resulted in more (P < 0.05) metabolizable energy versus methane, followed by tryptophan-containing, and then lysine-containing diets. Methionine-fortified diets seem to be the most eco-friendly among those studied regarding methane output. However, based on methane, CO, and H2S output as well as the rumen fermentation profile nano-encapsulated lysine is recommended for use in ruminant nutrition.
Acorn removal and seedling age determine oak (Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.) restoration outcome in ungulate-dominated Mediterranean environments
Authors: Peláez Marta , Carranza Guillermo , Gambra-Caravantes Daniel , Rodríguez-Calcerrada Jesús , González-Gordaliza Guillermo , Fedriani José Maria , Gil Luis , Perea Ramón
Published: September 2024

Key message

We test the potential benefits of planting 2-year vs. 1-year-old seedlings to restore Mediterranean oak-dominated systems. Planting 2-year-old Quercus suber L. seedlings is recommended for improved survival and resilience against wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) and drought in dry sandy soils. The removal of acorns in seedlings did not apparently influence leaf biochemical traits and could reduce wild boar damage, particularly in 1-year-old seedlings.

Context

In the face of anthropogenic global change, Mediterranean oak-dominated ecosystems confront increased biotic (ungulate herbivory) and abiotic (drought) stressors, compromising forest regeneration. Restoration measures are imperative to address this scenario.

Aims

This study assesses the impact of different mitigation measures on the survival and biochemical traits of two oak species.

Methods

We planted Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L. seedlings in Cabañeros and Doñana National Parks (Spain), subjecting them to three treatments: cotyledon/acorn removal, seedling age (1- vs. 2-year-old), and herbivore protection (fenced vs. non-fenced).

Results

Wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) damage peaked in winter and early spring, while drought prevailed from late spring to fall. In sandy soils, wild boar uprooted 1-year-old more often than 2-years-old seedlings (40% vs. 18%). One-year-old seedlings without acorns showed higher survival rates against wild boar only in sandy soils. The removal of acorns in seedlings did not influence plant biochemical traits.

Conclusions

Planting 2-year-old seedlings in sandy soils may mitigate wild boar damage and improve drought resilience. Seedling age seems more important than acorn removal against biotic and abiotic stressors although acorn removal could reduce wild boar damage in 1-year-old seedlings. Our results underscore the importance of considering multiple stressors in oak restoration strategies.
Assessment of the efficacy of a gonadotropin releasing factor (GnRF) analog to suppress ovarian function in gilts under pre-clinical and clinical conditions
Authors: Genís Sandra , King Vickie , Aluwé Marijke , Van den Broeke Alice , Descamps Frédéric , Aldaz Álvaro , Wuyts Niels , Reixach Alícia , Balasch Mònica
Published: September 2024

Background

The administration of a gonadotropin releasing factor (GnRF) analog to pigs has proven to induce antibodies against endogenous GnRF. In gilts (young female pigs), the subsequent blocking of GnRF activity by specific antibodies results in a temporary suppression of ovarian activity and sexual maturation. One pre-clinical and two clinical studies were conducted to assess the ability of the GnRF analog to produce immunologically suppression of the ovarian function, preventing gilts from reaching puberty before harvest, at 27 weeks of age.

Results

In the three studies, a significant reduction of size and weight of reproductive organs and gilts in oestrus was demonstrated in vaccinated gilts compared with intact gilts. A significant increase in anti-GnRF antibody levels in sera was observed after the 2nd dose, which lasted until the end of the study in each of the protocols used. Progesterone levels were significantly reduced from 6 to 8 weeks after 2nd vaccination in clinical studies 2 and 1 respectively, and from 6 weeks after 2nd vaccination in the pre-clinical study. Estradiol levels were below the limit of detection for clinical study 2 and significantly reduced in vaccinated gilts at the end of the pre-clinical study and the clinical study 1.

Conclusions

Vaccination of gilts with a GnRF analog with two different protocols (1st dose from 10 to 14 weeks of age, and a 2nd dose 8 or 4 weeks later) was effective in reducing the development of puberty for at least 9 weeks post 2nd dose. These results confirm the flexibility of vaccination programs for veterinarians and producers which can be adapted to pig management practices in commercial farms.
What matters to you? Public and patient involvement in the design stage of research
Authors: Hensman-Crook Amanda , Farquharson Lois , Truman Juliette , Angell Catherine
Published: September 2024

Background

Public and patient involvement is critical to ensure that research is relevant and addresses what matters most to the person through co-production. Involvement at the design stage where ideas for research are developed prior to formal ethical approval, can positively influence the direction of research design, methods, and outcomes. Although ethical approval is not required at this stage, being ethically conscious is imperative to prevent unwarranted unethical practices. To ensure this, the public and patient intervention at the design stage of a doctoral research project was benchmarked against Pandya-Woods 10 ethically conscious standards and the INVOLVE values and principles framework. Ethical approval was also gained for publication.

Main body

Patient and public involvement was undertaken with two diverse patient and public groups as an agenda item in their regular Teams meeting. Thoughts on the research project, the timeline, what matters most to the individuals in the group with regarding the design and outcomes from the research, the best method for data collection for public research, and next steps were discussed.

Conclusion

Public and patient involvement had a positive influence on the design and outcomes of a doctoral research proposal and held the researcher accountable for impact of the research on the public. Positive changes to the research from working with public and patients exploring ‘what matters to you’ included: An ontological change in the way that the research was conducted, identification of some main themes to run as a thread throughout the research, development of content for an international scoping review, identification of the best method for data collection for patient research, and accountability of the researcher to write a plain English summary at the beginning of each thesis chapter, and a summary report at the end for dissemination.
Retinal vascular changes after Silicon Oil removal in the Eye with Rhegmatogenous Retinal detachment
Authors: Salehi Ali , Malekahmadi Mohammad , Karimi Abolfazl , Beni Afsaneh Naderi
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aims to examine vessel density changes in the optic nerve and macula following silicone oil removal (SOR) surgery in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) at different time points by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in compared to the contralateral eye.

Methods

A total of 43 eyes from 43 patients with silicone oil in their eyes for 3–9 months underwent OCT-A using AngioVue and optic disc-associated vessel density (VD) and thickness, macular-associated VD and thickness, Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter (PERIM), Acircularity index (AI), vessel density within a 300 μm wide region of the FAZ were compared between eyes. OCTA scans were performed one week before SOR and one month and three months after SOR.

Results

The mean age of participants was 52.8 years (SD = 15.85) and a median visual acuity was 0.8 (range: 0.5-1.0). Notably, male participants constituted 67.4% of the sample. The preoperative mean value BCVA (logMAR) of patients was 0.73, and 3 months post-oil removal was 0.7727. Regarding optic disc parameters, RNFL thickness and vessel density (VD) measurements Peripapillary, whole disc, inside disc, and Disc Angio (superior, Nasal, inferior, temporal) did not change.

In analyzing macular thickness parameters, all of them (Whole and Fovea, parafoveal, and Perifovea) remained unchanged. Examining macular vessel density parameters revealed no significant changes across superficial and deep retinal layers. Finally, the comparison of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and flow density (FD) parameters demonstrated consistent measurements with non-significant alterations observed in FAZ size (p = 0.6) and FD values (p = 0.49) over the monitored duration.

Conclusion

There was no change in peripapillary VD and macular vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) after silicone oil removal. FAZ and full retinal thickness  remained stable 3 month after SOR. 

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Predicting the effect of climate change on the spatiotemporal distribution of two endangered plant species, Silene leucophylla Boiss. and Silene schimperiana Boiss., using machine learning, in Saint Catherine Protected Area, Egypt
Authors: Refaat Aliaa Muhammad , Youssef Ashraf Mohamed , Mosallam Hosny Abdel-Aziz , Farouk Haitham
Published: September 2024

Background

Climate change significantly influences the geographical distribution of plant species worldwide, especially endemics. Endemic species are plants that live in limited distribution ranges of unique ecology and, thus, are the most vulnerable species to climate change. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on the distribution of these species can assist in developing appropriate plans for their conservation. In this study, we aimed to apply various species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the current potential distributions of two endangered plant species, Silene leucophylla (S. leucophylla, endemic) and Silene schimperiana (S. schimperiana, near-endemic), in Saint Catherine protected area (St. Catherine PA), Egypt. Then, using the best-fit model to project their future distribution under the maximum climate emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5)). Six different SDMs were constructed using different geospatial raster imagery sets of environmental factors. For each model, five machine learning (ML) algorithms were used. The results of these ML algorithms were then ensembled by calculating the weighted average of their predictions.

Results

Based on the analysis of digital geospatial imageries produced by the best-fitting model, the predicted suitable areas of S. leucophylla and S. schimperiana were 23.1 km2 and 125 km2, respectively. These sites are located mainly in the high-elevation middle northern part of the study area. Annual precipitation, mean temperature of the driest quarter, altitude, and precipitation seasonality were the essential predictors of the distributions of both species. Future predictions of both species indicated opposing results between the studied species. Predictions in the 2050 and 2070 future conditions revealed significant range contraction for the distribution of S. leucophylla. For S. schimperiana, a range shift is predicted, with both range contraction and range expansion of its current suitable habitats, for the same future projections. Unfortunately, in 2080 predictions, both species could be projected to a complete loss from the entire area.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of including diverse types of environmental variables in SDMs to produce more accurate predictions, rather than relying only on one variable type. It also revealed the potential negative impacts of future climate change on the distributions of two endangered plant species, S. leucophylla and S. schimperiana, inhabiting St. Catherine PA. Consequently, we urgently recommend the initiation of different plans and strategies seeking their conservation.
Experiences of nurses working in novel virtual care centres in the Netherlands: a qualitative study
Authors: Leenen Jobbe P. L. , Jordens Yvonne J. , Wegman Alyssa , Heesink Lieke , Lenferink Anke
Published: September 2024

Background

Virtual care centres (VCCs) are novel wards of hospitals and facilitate the provision of remote monitoring and home-based patient care. Whereas since the COVID-19 pandemic VCCs have rapidly emerged, there is no standardised framework for the development and implementation of VCCs. To develop such a framework, insight in current experiences of employment in VCCs is needed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions and experiences of working in VCCs.

Results

Between February and July 2023, semi-structured online interviews were conducted with thirteen nurses (age 45 ± 8 years) from four VCCs in the Netherlands. Interviews were thematically analysed using a six-stage approach, yielding six themes of nurses’ perceptions and experiences of working in VCCs: 1)' Changing role of nurses', especially in the patient-professional relationship, transformation of care and communication; 2)’Clinical perspective of nurses’, need for general medical knowledge and use of data in relation to nurses’ clinical perspective, 3)‘Education and training’, need to keep nurses’ knowledge up-to-date and create time for education; 4)'Organisation of care', nurses’ role in the development of protocols and need for sufficient technological preconditions; 5)‘Cooperation with other healthcare professionals’, consisted of the collaboration with and needed support by other healthcare professionals to organize and provide care to VCC patients; 6)'Experienced effects of VCCs' included advantages and disadvantages of VCCs for the nurses, patients and the hospital. Themes were mapped onto the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation of Behaviour (COM-B) model where all themes included components of capability, opportunity and motivation.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of considering COM-B components of nurses' work in VCCs. Due to the changing roles of nurses in VCCs, there are evolving educational needs in to communicate with patients and colleagues, and the use of data to support their clinical view, as well as providing technological optimisations to further support nurses' work and the VCCs.
Potential mechanisms of Streptococcus suis virulence-related factors in blood–brain barrier disruption
Authors: Zhao Guanzheng , Ying Luyu , Shi Yuqian , Dong Yuexin , Fu Mengjiao , Shen Zhangqi
Published: September 2024

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) has emerged as a prevalent bacterial pathogen within the swine industry, posing a substantial zoonotic threat to global public health. As an inhabitant of the upper respiratory tracts of animals, S. suis possesses a sophisticated array of virulence-related factors that enable it to breach cellular barriers and induce multisystem inflammation, notably causing meningitis. This review synthesizes current research findings to provide insights into the complicated virulence-related factors employed by S. suis. Special emphasis is given to factors crucial for penetrating the host blood–brain barrier (BBB). By summarizing existing knowledge, this review lays the groundwork for future advanced investigations, paving the way for a deeper understanding of S. suis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions. Specifically, comprehensive explorations to unravel the expression dynamics of these virulence-related factors and elucidate the unique pathogenic mechanisms that operate during host attacks could contribute to clinical treatment strategies and advance innovations in vaccine development.
Comparison of functionality, physical activity, cardiac and respiratory parameters between patients with mood disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Hüzmeli İrem , Katayıfçı Nihan , Görgün İrem , Lekesiz Eren , Kokaçya Mehmet Hanifi
Published: September 2024

Background

The cardiorespiratory effect in mental illnesses has recently received much attention. However, the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of mood disorders have not been clearly demonstrated.

Aims

This study aims to compare individuals with mood disorders and healthy people in terms of exercise capacity, functionality, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnoea and physical activity level.

Method

This cross-sectional study involved 30 patients with mood disorders and 35 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Exercise capacity (6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), 3-Minute Step Test (3MST)), functionality (vertical jump test, functional reach test), respiratory parameters (respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function test), dyspnoea (Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale) and physical activity level (Short-Form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) were evaluated.

Results

6MWT results (P < 0.001) and functional test scores (vertical jump test, P = 0.006; functional reach test, P < 0.001) were significantly lower, and heart rate recovery after 3MST (P < 0.001) was higher in mood disorder patients. Although patients' respiratory parameters were lower than healthy individuals, only measured and predicted respiratory muscle strength (P < 0.001), peak expiratory flow rate litres (P < 0.001), forced vital capacity predicted (P = 0.010) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s predicted (P = 0.002) values were statistically significantly different. Dyspnoea with activities was higher in patients (P < 0.001). Patients spent more time sitting (IPAQ, P < 0.001), but overall physical activity levels were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with mood disorders had decreased exercise capacity and pulmonary function, lower functionality scores and respiratory muscle strength, and increased dyspnoea. Exercise-based rehabilitation protocols are recommended for the management of risk factors affecting the mood disorder patients' cardiorespiratory status.
Smartwatch Biometrics in the Electronic Medical Record: Time for a New Vital Sign?
Authors: Sankaran Srishti , Banerjee Rahul
Published: September 2024

Smartphone biometrics in the EMR: is the 5th vital sign here? @JCOCCI_ASCO commentary by Sankaran and @RahulBanerjeeMD here
Assessing racial and ethnic disparities in time to surgery for patients with oral cavity cancers.
Authors: Sureshkumar Keerthana , Olazagasti Coral , Edwards Kyle
Published: September 2024

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Background:
Despite advances, challenges remain in the early detection and management of oral cancers. Studies have indicated that worse outcomes can be linked to disparities in sex, race, and ethnicity. Research indicates that despite a greater incidence of oral cancer among White patients, the five-year survival rate for Black patients is 52%, compared to 70% for their counterparts (1). While existing research focuses on racial and ethnic disparities in the time to diagnosis and prognosis, there is limited literature that discusses disparities in time to treat. As such, our study aims to evaluate potential racial, ethnic, and/or gender disparities in the time between diagnosis and surgery.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating 185 patients with oral cancer at the University of Miami. Patient information was obtained from electronic medical records. We performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc tests. Levene's test was used to assess the homogeneity of variances assumption. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results:
The mean age at diagnosis was 68.50 years (SD =13.079 years), with the majority of patients (42%) diagnosed as Stage 1. Our cohort was 46% female and 54% male. 62% identified as White and Non-Hispanic/Latinx, 29% as White and Hispanic/Latinx, 6% as Black, and 3% as other race/ethnicities. We also assessed time to treat as a function of gender, race and ethnicity. We found there was no significant difference between men and women (x̄= 148 vs 136 days) in time to surgery. We also found no difference between Hispanic/Latinx patients and non Hispanic/Latinx patients (x̄= 163 vs 137 days). Although not statistically significant, there was a notable trend in the data that showed a longer time to surgery. Black patients had a much greater time to surgical intervention compared to White patients (x̄= 308 days vs 134 days) (Table). At the time of data cutoff, nearly 81% of patients were alive.
Conclusions:
In conclusion, despite lack of statistical significant, our study found higher trends to time to surgery between Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic/Latinx, and even more so a much greater difference in time to surgery between Black and White patients. Further research is needed to elucidate these potential systematic, socio-economic or cultural barriers to ensure equitable access. 1. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, National Cancer Institute.

Days between diagnosis and surgery.

Ethnicity
Mean
Standard Deviation
N

Black or African American
308.44
737.375
9

Other
20.33
.577
3

White
134.37
467.579
147

Total
142.08
481.112
159
Access and adherence to cancer care through the Veteran Affairs Close to Me cancer care service.
Authors: Shields Jenna , Clough Alyson , Valenti Erin R. , McWhirter Gina , Kelley Michael J. , Passero Vida Almario
Published: September 2024

111

Background:
Diagnosing and treating more than 56,000 Veterans annually, the Veterans Affairs (VA) National Oncology Program (NOP) is one of the nation’s largest integrated providers of oncology services. Within VA, oncology care and parenteral therapies are primarily offered at VA Medical Centers (VAMCs) in urban areas, often inaccessible to rural patients. Issues with travel distance, parking, time, and caregiver support can prevent patients from adhering to treatment appointments as evidenced by historical annual No-Show rates for VAMC infusion clinics that range from 1.1-6.7%. To mitigate potential barriers to access, NOP launched the Close to Me (CTM) cancer care service. The service deploys Registered Nurses (RNs) to local VA Community Based Outpatient Clinics (CBOCs) to administer cancer treatments. VA has opened 23 CTM clinics across 5 geographical regions since October 2021.
Methods:
The CTM service was implemented at VAMCs with NOP providing direct project management, safety assessment and resources such as a comprehensive implementation toolkit, standard operating procedures, care coordination tools, a tiered risk drug matrix and a standardized Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis risk evaluation. RNs followed a standardized workflow to assess patient eligibility and verify treatment clearances. Access to care was reported by numbers of unique patients and treatment visits. Patient appointment adherence was monitored by no-show rates documented in the electronic health record. Infusion reactions and medical emergencies were reported by RNs. Travel miles saved was calculated by subtracting the difference in miles round trip from the patient’s home to main VAMC and from home to CBOC, then multiplied by number of treatment visits to CBOC.
Results:
From October 2021 through April 2024, 23 new CTM clinics opened across 5 regions. 515 unique patients were enrolled for a total of 1,916 patient visits. Treatment appointment no-show rate was 1% across all CTM clinics. The most commonly administered medication classes include gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (30%), immune globulin (14.5%), immune checkpoint inhibitors (9.3%) and bisphosphonates (8.3%). Zero infusion reactions or medical emergencies were recorded across 1,430 treatments administered. A total of 204,000 travel miles were saved by patients enrolled in this program.
Conclusions:
The CTM cancer care service safely optimizes current VA CBOC infrastructure to increase access points to oncology treatment for patients across various geographical regions. CTM reduced travel burden for patients and increased ability to adhere to treatment appointments as evidenced by the service’s low no-show rate. These consistent results across CTM services at VAMCs nationwide have cemented CTM as a safe and effective treatment delivery model to expand access. CTM will be scaled to an additional 30 regions by end of 2025.
Differential impact of financial hardship on food security between lesbian, gay, and bisexual and heterosexual cancer survivors in the United States.
Authors: Waters Austin , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Kent Erin E.
Published: September 2024

137

Background:
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) cancer survivors experience more food insecurity as well as financial hardship than heterosexual cancer survivors. However, how financial hardship impacts food security differently between LGB and heterosexual survivors has not been explored.
Methods:
National Health Interview Survey data from 2019-2022 were pooled and weighted. Outcomes included a food insecurity measure (food secure, low food security, very low food security) and the manifestations of food insecurity (e.g., cutting size of meals, losing weight due to lack of food). Financial hardship was captured as a binary measure, dichotomized from an 11-item scale which included ability to pay medical bills, worry about paying bills, and delayed or foregone care due to costs. Bivariate analyses were conducted using Chi-Squared tests. Multinomial logistic regression models with an interaction between LGB status and financial hardship status were used to generate relative risk ratios controlling for age, time since last cancer diagnosis, sex, race, region, and year.
Results:
Of N=13,131 cancer survivors, 2.8% (n=374) identified as LGB. Low/very low food security was reported by 15.6% of LGB survivors in comparison to 6.1% of heterosexual survivors (p<0.001). When stratified by financial hardship, LGB survivors were more likely to report food insecurity in the presence of (22.3% vs. 11.2%, p<0.001) and absence of (6.8% vs. 2.2%, P<0.001) financial hardship. LGB survivors with very low food security often reported cutting the size/cutting meals (93.4%), eating less than they should (94.7%), and being hungry because they could not afford food (80.7%). In the multinomial model, LGB survivors with financial hardship had 5.6 (95%CI:2.9-10.7) times the relative risk of low food security, while heterosexual survivors with financial hardship had 3.9 the relative risk of low food security (95%CI: 2.9-5.2) in comparison to heterosexual survivors with no financial hardship. Furthermore, LGB survivors with financial hardship had 11.8 (95%CI:6.2-22.5) the relative risk of very low food security, LGB survivors with no financial hardship had 6.4 (95%CI: 2.0-20.2) the relative risk of very low food security, and heterosexual survivors with financial hardship had 5.3 the relative risk of low food security (95%CI: 3.6-7.7) in comparison to heterosexual survivors with no financial hardship.
Conclusions:
Experiencing financial hardship was associated with an increased risk of food insecurity among LGB and heterosexual cancer survivors. However, LGB survivors were more likely to experience food insecurity than heterosexual survivors even when controlling for financial hardship.
Oncology nurses’ assessment of providing equitable care for patients with developmental disabilities.
Authors: Mikan Sabrina Q. , Becker Heather , Phillips Carolyn
Published: September 2024

164

Background:
Access to quality health care can be challenging, especially for people with developmental disabilities (PwDD). Developmental Disabilities (DD) occur before age 22 and include physical, learning, language, or behavioral impairments. Studies of training and experience of oncology nurses (RNs) who care for PwDD are limited. The purpose of this study was to explore to what extent RNs working in a community oncology practice are prepared to provide quality patient-centered care to patients with DD.
Methods:
As no tool exists to capture oncology RNs experiences caring for PwDD, a survey was developed with input from a group of oncology nurse experts. Both academic IRB and Privacy Board approvals were completed prior to recruitment. A Qualtrics survey link was shared with RNs and Advanced Practice RNs via email. Questions about nurses’ background, perceptions of clinic resources and accommodation and referral to clinical trials were included in the survey. Nurses were also presented with 3 scenarios of oncology patients who have either been blind since birth, have autism or cerebral palsy. RN respondents were asked how to care for them, what challenges might be encountered, and what resources would be available to them.
Results:
Usable surveys were completed by 122 RNs. 77 RNs cared for PwDD in a statewide Oncology practice, 81 RNs had previously cared for PwDD in any setting and 54 RNs have friends or family members with DD. Only 7 RNs reported no experience with PwDD. Seven nurses knew of PwDD who had participated in clinical trials. Themes identified through the qualitative analysis include Accommodations, Strategies, Communication and Referrals.
Conclusions:
This study provides an initial step in understanding how to reduce disparities for oncology patients with DD. Key elements revealed additional training needs, standardized facility accommodation needs, and advocacy for clinical trials participation. Through a team approach and engagement with patient advocacy groups, the challenge of engaging PwDD in clinical trials will be tackled. More training and resource education for RNs and staff regarding care of PwDD will be built and disseminated through a standardized process to bridge gaps to impact delivery of care.