bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Rebars
Authors: Kumar Praveen
Published: October 2021

Abstract: As we know Plain Concrete has limited ductility, strength in tension as well as low cracking resistance. Micro cracks are present in concrete and these propagates at a great extent and results in extensive brittle fracture. Experiments in past and numerous researches in the last decade were focused merely on developing novel techniques of improving tensile strength of concrete. Among these mostly used is GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) is easily available, which is low in cost than CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer), and that’s why various studies is done to strengthening of concrete by using GFRP particularly in countries like India. GF is latest introduction cum revolution in production FRC. It overpowers all the synthetic fibers, due to its excellent strength, extreme durability, supreme wear-tear resistance and exceptional tensile and impact strength. At this time GFRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) excelled as a great remedy for civil engineers. Tensile strength of GFRC lies between 1024 and 4080 N/mm2 . It is the benefit of using glass fibers in reinforcement of concrete. Construction Industry is accelerating day-by-day. Today is the scenario of sky scrapping and complex infrastructures, which results in increasing demand of basic civil engineering material i.e. cement. Engineers are looking for alternative of expensive construction since long. Cement, binder in concrete, is an expensive and exorbitant civil engineering material and it increases the Constructional budget. Not only this, but also cement marks the highest consumption throughout the world after water. The carbon credits to the environment during cement production, is an alarming issue. If it keeps following the exact pace as today, it is probable to reach annual cement production up to about 600 metric tons by 2025 in India alone and the globe will change into hot air balloon. Cement industry alone contribute to 2.4% to the total carbon emissions round the globe. To eradicate this converse effect of cement industry on the environment, engineers are working hard to find efficient substitutes which are in-expensive, eco-friendly and can possess better cementing properties. Agricultural and commercial wastes are the best choice and have the characteristics favouring their utilization in concrete production. These by-products are complete waste and if re-used in any sort releases a huge burden from environment. Keywords: Glass Fiber, Workability, Compressive strength, Compaction factor, Slump test
Local changes in regional settlement systems: conditions, features, trends
Authors: Yushkova Natalia G. , Alekseev Yuri V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Territorial planning is a basic component of urban planning activities that can ensure a balanced development of the systems of localities. Traditional approaches assume the completeness and accuracy of the assessment of the exis­ting state of the territory. They are poorly consistent with the new features and trends of their organization at the regional level. To improve the system of making urban planning decisions, it is important to determine the characteristics of the observed processes and phenomena, to determine the causes of their occurrence and to predict the consequences. These factors determine the specifics of changes in regional systems.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted because of publicly available data: legislative and regulatory acts, open cartographic sources, documents of territorial planning of the subjects of the Russian Federation, materials of urban planning design practice, published works of foreign and domestic scientists. For their generalization and analysis, system analysis, methods of theoretical modeling, and prototyping were used.

Results. Based on the systematization of the latest urban planning practice, local changes in regional systems are identified as one of the leading trends. They are determined by socio-economic conditions. The influence of a complex of factors causes the peculiarities of the location of local objects on the territory and the choice of functional programs for their development. Based on the classification and analysis of the identification features of the interaction of regional settlement systems and objects, a theoretical model of their reorganization is developed.

Conclusions. The formation of local urbanized formations in Russia is influenced by global trends of regionalization. They are manifested in the polarization of space, the selectivity of the design location of special objects of urban development activities, corresponding to a comprehensive account of regional specifics. New principles of urban planning are being formed in the context of the adopted national strategies, concepts and programs. They combine both the maximum stability of exis­ting systems of localities and their innovatization. This makes it possible to achieve a guaranteed improvement in the quality of life and the human environment in the process of reorganizing the systems of populated places.
Urban planning in Russia and international standard for assessing the impact on the environment of BREEAM Communities
Authors: Samoylova Nadezhda A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. In order to implement the decisions of the Rio De Janeiro Conference 1992, the Russian President’s Decrees of 04.02.1994 No. 236 “On the State Strategy of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development” and from 01.04.1996 No. 440 “On the Concept of the Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable Development” were adopted. The Russian Urban Planning Codes of 1998 and 2005 laid the foundations for sustainable development of the territories in the field of urban planning. The 2005 Russian Urban Planning Code lacks applied provisions, which present all the requirements for urban documentation, and would set out an applied practical procedure for their preparation. This was due to numerous changes of Code. In accordance with the goals and objectives set in Russia to improve the quality and comfort of the living environment, it is necessary to use scientific and educational activities on the development of the territories and improve the specific requirements for urban planning documentation and its assessment to meet legitimate requirements, including foreign ones.

Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of regulatory documents, scientific and practical review of information on the topic of urban planning regulation of sustainable development, based on the international assessment method BREEAM, which was developed in 1990 by the British state organization BRE Global.

Results. The foundations of Russian and international urban planning regulation for sustainable development are outlined: overview and facts of the international assessment method BREEAM, incl. BREEAM Communities; basics of urban planning and regulation: information on the demand for urban planning, environmental, interdisciplinary technologies. BREEAM Communities certification for interested participants in urban planning activities is a kind of insurance and separation of responsibility of public authorities for approved (agreed) city planning documents.

Conclusions. We believe that the method of certification known abroad as BREEAM, i.e. assessing the compliance of both planned and existing facilities and territories to certain requirements, will gain legitimacy and popularity in the Russian Federation. This is due to the adaptation of the international BREEAM assessment to the domestic regulatory framework (BREEAM RU), as well as to the educational programs for the training of BREEAM, including “BREEAM Communities”.
Stress-strein state of weak and filled soils reinforced with reinforced concrete and soil piles, respectively
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Zaven G. , Ter-Martirosyan Armen Z. , Akuleckij Aleksandr S.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The overwhelming majority of construction areas are characterized by difficult engineering and geological conditions, represented by the presence of weak soils at the base. There are construction sites on which a large thickness of fill soil is observed. In these conditions, designers apply: soil consolidation, soil reinforcement, significant deepening of the underground part of buildings, etc. This article presents the formulation and solution of the problems of interaction of reinforced concrete piles with weak soils, as well as the interaction of soil piles with bulk soils as part of a pile-slab foundation, which allow one to determine the reduced deformation modulus and the bedding value.

Materials and methods. To describe the change in shear stresses depending on depth, a law was adopted in the form τ(z)=τ0е–αz. The solution is presented by analytical and numerical methods. The results obtained were compared by the analytical solution of the problem with the results obtained in the PLAXIS 3D software package.

Results. Regularities of the distribution of the total load on the pile-slab foundation between the pile field and the grillage have been obtained. The analytical solutions in the article are supported by the graphical part, performed using the Mathcad program. Numerical simulation of the problem was carried out in the PLAXIS 3D software package. The dependence of the settlement on the load, calculated by analytical and numerical methods, is shown. An expression is obtained for defining the stresses in different sections of the pile shaft and under the grillage slab. The theoretical and practical aspects of the construction of crushed stone piles are considered. The theoretical substantiation of compaction of bulk soils with crushed stone piles using a special technology is given. A dependence is obtained for determining the reduced modulus of deformation for bulk soil mass reinforced with soil piles.

Conclusions. Comparative evaluation of the results of solutions obtained by analytical and numerical methods showed good convergence. The solutions obtained can be used to preliminary determination of the settlement of piles as part of a pile-slab foundation. Selection of the optimal ratio of the pile length and its diameter allows the most effective use of the bearing capacity of the pile. For bulk soils, reinforced with soil piles, it is possible to select the optimal reduced modulus of deformation by varying the pitch of the soil piles.
Experience nature as a basis for building strong composite structures
Authors: Polilov Alexander N. , Tatus’ Nikolay A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted an analytical overview of the methods of applying the Nature solutions for designing structures made of plastics reinforced with fibers, in particular, using rational curved fiber trajectories. The first section provides an overview of different structural models and some approaches to the micromechanics of composites.

Materials and methods. Sections 2-7 discuss: analysis of rational elastic-strength properties of wood and composites for crack arrest by weak interface; methods for constructing curved paths of fibers of “flowing holes”; analyzes the applied and promising technologies for manufacturing attachment points, in which holes are formed using curvilinear fiber paths; “nature-inspired” principles of optimal design of pipe composite structures similar in structure to ladder of bamboo stalk; examples of the effective use of fibrous composites in elastic elements such as leaf springs; developing additive technologies for 3D printing of fiber composite parts with fiber laying along calculated trajectories.

Results. Each section of the article presents conclusions related to the peculiarities of composites structures calculation and design: calculations show that in order to increase the crack resistance of fibrous composites, it is necessary to significantly increase the shear characteristics of the binder and strive for rational properties created by Nature in wood; as a result of the calculation, it turns out that the maximum stress per fiber at the optimal reinforcement structure becomes about 3–4 times less than with a uniform rectilinear laying; rational reinforcement leads to a significant reduction in local stresses per fiber, elimination of splits and damages of fibers and an increase in the carrying capacity of the assembly; it has been shown that the bamboo rings are arranged to prevent the barrel from splitting from bending compressive stresses and tangential stresses when the barrel is twisted by wind load; analyzed the relationship of equal-strength profiling with Leonardo’s rule for tree crown branching. The works on creation of bio-similar shape and structure of curvilinear reinforcement of specimens for correct determination of unidirectional composites strength at tension along fibres were discussed; analyzed the role of composite technologies in modern mechanical engineering, in particular, in the creation of composite structures in open space.

Conclusions. The article is devoted to the analysis of the tasks of fibrous composites macromechanics, therefore, in the opinion of the authors, the three most promising and related areas in macromechanics of composites that require further research are biomechanics of strength, computer modeling of optimal structures and technological mechanics of composites.
ALTERAÇÕES NA MICROBIOTA GASTROINTESTINAL DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Martins Fabiana do Nascimento Prazeres , Cunha Leidyane Balieiro Guimarães , Lacerda Eliza Maria da Costa Brito
Published: October 2021

Researchs about the causes of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has led several scientists to relate many others systems to the patient's brain, linking changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota (GIM) to typical behaviors of people with ASD, suggesting that the brain-intestine axis is an important piece in this 'puzzle'. This work aimed to investigate the microbiota gastrointestinal in children with ASD. Such research was carried out on scientific work platforms, resulting in 293 works, which, after the selection, totaled 28 works analyzed. Almost all of them showed changes in the intestinal microbiota of children with ASD, the reduction of their diversity being the main alteration of these individuals in relation to the control group. The bacterial family Lachnospiraceae, the bacterial gender Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Feacalibacterium, and Bacteroides stood out in these studies; and the fungal genus Candida. Among the symptoms, constipation was quite frequent in children with ASD and some groups of microorganisms were positively or negatively associated with changes in sleep, speech development and behavioral aspects. We conclude that there are several alterations of GIM in children with autism when compared to children with typical neurodevelopment, being also affected by anatomical and metabolic issues as causes or consequences of ASD. There is a need for further studies, especially in the Brazilian population, and more specifically in the states, in view of the great heterogeneity of our people and their culture, the great dietary variations of the last decades, as well as the increase in gene flow among world populations.
SAÚDE MENTAL E TRABALHO: a realidade dos trabalhadores do SUAS
Authors: Fernandes Tassiana Algarte , Beretta Regina Celia de Souza
Published: October 2021

The Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) emerges through the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) and establishes actions aimed at the population served, but also at the services and their physical, professional and management structure. And it is in this contrast between PNAS and reality, that working conditions emerge as a negative point in the daily practice of SUAS workers and the existing physical and mental illness. The study described here, sought to understand the work relationships and how it affects the SUAS worker's life, about physical and mental health, well-being, and the quality of life of the professional and his family, since the illness and stress have a direct impact on the family group. The survey was integrated by SUAS professionals who work in the State of São Paulo, and was developed in two stages, the first of which was through an online questionnaire, with 24 questions (assertive and essay) and was answered by 189 workers. The second stage included two focus groups, with the participation of 24 professionals, who were selected from among those who had answered the first part of the study. The results obtained pointed to the existence of several factors that interfere in the quality of work, such as lack of structure, reduced staff, management failures, political issues, hierarchical relationships, and overload that directly affect the health of these professionals, demanding greater attention to the health of the worker.
PRUEBA PERICIAL Y CONOCIMIENTO PRIVADO DEL JUEZ: ENTRE EL OPTIMISMO Y LA DEFERENCIA
Authors: Soba Ignacio
Published: October 2021

Hacer frente a la prueba pericial en el proceso jurisdiccional no fue,ni es, algo sencillo. Sin embargo, hoy en día, a los sujetos del proceso lesresulta más simple acceder, por su cuenta, a conocimiento o informaciónrelativa a temas extrajurídicos que podrían ser de interés para el proceso.Qué hacer, entonces, con ese conocimiento privado (que puede, porejemplo, obtenerse a través de internet) es una de las interrogantes quese plantean en el presente artículo. La capacitación adecuada será clavepara no dejarse sorprender y para comprender las particularidades y laslimitaciones de esa información o conocimiento extrajurídico, así comopara lograr un mejor aprovechamiento de la prueba pericial
LAS “CONDICIONES” A QUE ALUDEN LOS ARTÍCULOS 166 Y 250 Nº 2 DEL CÓDIGO CIVIL CHILENO, ¿SON APLICABLES A LA LEGÍTIMA RIGOROSA?
Authors: Opazo Mario
Published: October 2021

El propósito del presente trabajo es demostrar que, no obstante el tenorliteral del artículo 1.192 del Código Civil, es posible sujetar la legítimarigorosa a las “condiciones” contempladas en los artículos 166 y 250 Nº2 del mismo cuerpo legal, toda vez que, en rigor, estas disposiciones nocontemplan condiciones.
NOTAS SOBRE EL PROBLEMA DEL DAÑO POR DIVULGACIÓN Y SU PERMANENCIA EN AMBIENTE DIGITAL. ¿UN NUEVO SECTOR DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL?
Authors: Segura Francisco
Published: October 2021

Este ensayo analiza los problemas que genera un especial tipo de daño,como es el daño por divulgación y su permanencia en el ambiente digital.
LA FALTA DE PROVOCACIÓN SUFICIENTE EN LA LEGÍTIMA DEFENSA.
Authors: KENDALL STEPHEN
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo exponer sobre el significado yalcance del requisito de “falta de provocación suficiente” exigido por el art.10 N° 4 del Código Penal para reconocer la causa de justificación de legítimadefensa. Para ello, partiremos por analizar el concepto de provocación, susrequisitos, orígenes históricos y las distintas teorías que ha formulado ladogmática penal sobre cuándo debe entenderse que es suficiente. Luego seindicarán los distintos tipos de provocación en su aspecto subjetivo.
Temple-related Poetics of Goncharov’s Meta-Novel
Authors: Mosaleva Galina V.
Published: October 2021

The article justifies the representation of Goncharov’s temple-related tetralogy, which includes “A Common Story”, “Oblomov”, “The Precipice” and “Frigate ‘Pallada’”. Temple-related and liturgic principles of the tetralogy are defined as the measure of its structural and conceptual integrity. Paths of heroes in the novels under discussion lie within the “temple-related model” and should be evaluated in line with the axiology of this model. The storyline associated with Alexander Aduev is considered as “vulgar travel”, “pseudo-pilgrimage” to Saint-Petersburg, the city which became “Russian Europe”. The novel “Frigate ‘Pallada’” focuses on the peculiar “narrative” status of the hero, and this focus allows to combine “inner” and “extra” storylines. The novel highlights certain changes in paths of hero who moves backward to “the great Motherland” instead of moving forward to “the progress”. Concerning the novel “Oblomov”, one can notice that this writing justifies the point associated with “dynamics” of the hero’s “interior life” who travels inside and reorients himself from the West to the East. The article considers “The Precipice” (“Obryv”) as Goncharov’s most “pedalogical” novel with its focus on “Russian brinks”. Boris Raisky ran the gamut from an amateur artist to the artist — “man of the soil”. The novel emphasizes the significance of territories of “provincial Russia” struggling to “heal misguided paths” and to eliminate “precipices” of Russian History.
Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy as a Discovery
Authors: Fedorov Alexey V.
Published: October 2021

In the review, V. A. Kotelnikov’s new book “Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy in Life and Literature” is regarded as a scientific discovery. The author lists various aspects of the great work that became the discovery of the personality of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (the circumstances of his life, relations with contemporaries, opinions on pressing issues, philosophical reflections, etc.), the discovery of A. K. Tolstoy’s works, keeping many mysteries, the discovery of some of his remarkable contemporaries, the discovery of the time of the earthly existence of the writer and poet who lived and worked in a difficult transitional historical era. The review notes that the book by V. A. Kotelnikov is remarkable for the discovery of the historical and cultural era of the middle of the 19th century in her biggest achievements, characteristic tendencies. The author emphasizes the breadth and encyclopedic knowledge of the author of the new research, which is a necessary condition for creating a book about a personality of the scale of A. K. Tolstoy. The style of the new edition is assessed, the main substantive aspects considered by the author are given, the importance of labor in modern literary criticism is shown. The book by V. A. Kotelnikov through dialogue, analogies and comparisons with the creative personality of the writer of the golden age of the classics also becomes a discovery of himself for the modern reader.
Formação e prática profissional
Authors: Barros Eduardo Roberto Corrêa de
Published: October 2021

No abstract available
Influência de diferentes métodos para a realização de preparos cavitários - alta rotação, laser de Er:YAG e abrasão a ar - sobre a resistência de união de um sistema adesivo à dentina
Authors: Burnett Junior Luiz Henrique , Conceição Ewerton Nocchi
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was evaluated, in vitro, the tensile bond strength to dentin of the Single Bond (3M) adhesive system applied over dentin surfaces treated with hith-speed handpiece, Er.YAG laser or air abrasion. Thity four enclosed molars extracted due to therapeutic indication had been used. The teeth was sectioned on the mesial-distal sense. The dental portions was included in a selfcured acrilic resin and so fourty five samples was randomly divided in three groups. The first group was treated with a diamond bur plus high-speed handpiece (Kavo) for five seconds under water cooling. On the laser group was used the Er:YAG KavoKey laser (Kavo) with enerv of 450 mJ/pulse and 2 Hz under water cooling. In the air abrasion group was used a Mach 5 (Kreativ) device with 27 mm alumina oxide particles powder. After the treatments was applicd the Single Bond (3M) and Z 100 resin composite. The tensile test was realized in a universal testing machine EMIC DL-2000 at cross-head speed of mm / minute. The average results was: high-speed handpiece (17,52 MPa), Er:YAG laser ( 16,65 MPa) and air abrasion ( 15,83). The results was submitted to statistical treatment by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p ) that showed the diffemcc between the tested groups was not significant.
Metodização da técnica triangular de rastreamento de curvaturas e perfurações radiculares
Authors: Gegler Aderson , Fontanella Vania
Published: October 2021

In the diagnosis and exact localization of root curvatures and perforations the "three-angled technique of radiographic tracing" is employed and consists in three periapical radiographs . The aim of this study was to veriry if with technique's methodization it is possible to reduce the number of radiographic exposures in these diagnoses. Eight-four exlrated teeth were pelforated and radiographed. Two of three radiographs were given to three observers and, later, the third radiograph was supplied. The results have shown that the diagnosis given with two radiographs does not differ statistically from that with three.
Staged Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia for Renal Cavo-Atrial Cancer Removal on Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Aziz Salim , Sharma Shailendra , Aziz Jenna , Gould James , Fernandez Xiomara
Published: October 2021

Management of patients with acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
with cavo-atrial renal cancer requiring surgery on cardiopulmonary
bypass (CPB) and possible deep hypothermia circulatory arrest is a
challenge. A staged approach using Bivalirudin, plasmapheresis, and
intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was used to preoperatively de-escalate
HIT guided by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serotonin
release assay (SRA). Intraoperatively heparin was used as the
anticoagulant for CPB as DHCA was likely to be used to remove the
atrio-caval tumor. Heparin is effective in preventing clots in the
circuit during DHCA. To prevent HIT upon re-exposure to heparin during
CPB, a bolus of a Cangrelor (reversible P2Y12 platelet receptor
inhibitor) was given before heparin and during CPB whilst platelet
activity was monitored using platelet reactivity units (PRU).
Postoperatively, to prevent recurrence of HIT, plasmapheresis was used
until SRA and optical density (OD) resulted. The patient had a
successful outcome.
Ovarian Lipoma: A Case Report.
Authors: Gurung Banita , Aryal Vinayak , Khadka Sushmita , shrestha anju , Dhakal Hari
Published: October 2021

Tumor of lipomatous origin in the ovary is exceedingly rare. We report a
case of incidental lipoma in the right ovary in a 41-year-old female
with a contralateral borderline serous tumor. It is important to
identify such isolated incidental lipoma to differentiate it from other
liposarcoma and teratomatous elements.
Significant decline of ecosystem service valuation and carbon stocks through changing land use patterns of Ayodhya hill range (extended part of Chhota Nagpur Plateau), India
Authors: Bera Biswajit , Bhattacharjee Sumana , Shit Pravat , Sengupta Nairita , Saha Soumik
Published: October 2021

Environment or natural capitals provide multiple ecosystem services
(ESs) and benefits to people. The approach of ecosystem service values
(ESVs) describes the market values of the ecosystem products or
services. The changes of ecosystem service valuation and carbon stocks
significantly dropped in Ayodhya hill range (extended part of Chhota
Nagpur plateau of India) due to rapid land use modification. The
principal objectives of this research are (i) to determine the
spatiotemporal changing pattern of ESVs through different unit values
(for the year 1975, 2000 and 2021) (ii) to analyze the carbon
sequestration through InVEST carbon model and (iii) to assess gross
primary product (GPP) using MOD17 model. The ESVs result shows that
total ESVs over Ayodhya hill range are 256.67, 258.60 and 239.78 million
USD for 1975, 2000 and 2021 respectively. Total 16.90 million USD loss
has been observed over the study area during the overall study period.
Cropland has the highest ESVs due to its high unit values along with
high proportion of area. Total 1000759 mg reduction of stored carbon has
been estimated whereas a sharp decline of GPP (97.03 gC m-2 year-1) has
also been observed during the research period (1975-2021). So, various
integrated sustainable environmental management techniques should
immediately apply over this nature based economic region for the
benefits of local tribal people.
Assessing detergent-mediated virus inactivation, protein stability and impurity clearance in biologics downstream processes
Authors: Feroz Hasin , Chennamsetty Naresh , Byers Sara , Holstein Melissa , Ghose Sanchayita
Published: October 2021

Detergent-mediated virus inactivation (VI) provides a valuable
orthogonal strategy for viral clearance particularly for next generation
continuous manufacturing. Furthermore, there exists an industry-wide
need to replace the conventionally employed detergent, Triton X-100,
with eco-friendly alternatives. This study provides a systematic
approach to screen detergents as VI agents through the study of VI of
three different enveloped viruses for monoclonal antibodies and fusion
proteins. We investigated three major aspects of VI namely, the impact
of VI agent on the therapeutic quality attributes, clearance of the VI
agent and other impurities through subsequent chromatographic steps and
lastly the efficacy of VI for the said detergent. Several quality
attributes such as charge variance, oxidation, deamidation,
glycosylation and aggregation were investigated. Aggregation was a key
indicator of stability. Experimental and modeling data was used to
decipher the mechanism and kinetics of aggregation for pH sensitive
molecules by exploring worst case VI conditions. We found product
aggregation and its kinetics to be driven by extrinsic factors such as
detergent and protein concentration. Aggregation was also impacted by
initial aggregation level as well as intrinsic factors such as the
protein sequence and detergent hydrophobicity and critical micelle
concentration (CMC). VI efficiency was dependent on the virus tested,
duration of incubation as well as detergent CMC and concentration.
Dodecyl maltopyranoside (DDM) was found to be a promising candidate for
potential application in VI. Knowledge gained here on factors driving
product stability and VI provides valuable insight to design,
standardize and optimize conditions (concentration, duration of
inactivation) for screening of detergent-mediated VI.
A Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flow Over Single and Tandem Square Cylinders
Authors: Mahrukh Mahrukh , Allauddin Usman , Haque Mohammed Ehteshamul , Uddin Naseem , Hussain Ahmed
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the three-dimensional flow investigations over the square cylinders placed in the tandem arrangement. Two different flow configurations were investigated in detail; one comprising of a single square cylinder and the other comprising of three square cylinders placed in a tandem arrangement with the spacing of six times the width (w) of each square cylinder. The Reynolds number based on the width of the square cylinder (w) and free stream velocity (Uo) is 22,000. The problem was solved numerically using an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) based model and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based model. Strouhal Number, lift, and drag coefficients were computed for each configuration. By comparing both the models using contour plots of pressure, velocity and vorticity it is found that the LES model is more accurate to capture the turbulence around single and tandem square cylinders. In the tandem arrangement, complex periodic vortex shedding was observed in the wake of each square cylinder. The production of turbulent kinetic energy was also investigated to understand the roles of stresses during flow over the cylinders. The analysis showed that the production of turbulence by normal stresses is higher than that of shear stresses. Furthermore, it was observed that the flow over the first cylinder arranged in tandem is quite identical to that of the single square cylinder. Moreover, the upstream cylinder experienced a higher lift in comparison to the downstream cylinders.
Investigating the Strength and Durability Properties of One Way Slabs Incorporating Marble Dust as Cement Replacement Material
Authors: Azhar Muhammad Nauman , Qureshi Liaquat Ali , Rashid Muhammad Usman
Published: October 2021

To reduce the environmental pollution caused by cement manufacturing and to save both the economy and resources, it is required to use alternative waste materials of pozzolanic nature to partially replace cement in the construction industry. Among different cement replacement materials being used now-a-days, marble dust is the one on which limited research has been done especially on the performance of structural members like RC slabs. In this paper, marble dust has been used in different ratios as partial replacement of cement in concrete mix. RC one-way slabs as well as plain concrete standard samples were cast to determine their mechanical properties i.e. compressive, tensile and flexural strengths, stiffness, first & ultimate load, crack patterns, modulus of elasticity, maximum deflection and durability etc. It was found that by increasing the dosage of marble dust in plain concrete samples, workability was decreased. Compressive and tensile strengths of concrete increased up to 7.5% replacement but decreased on further replacement. The permeability of concrete decreased with the addition of marble dust up to 10% replacement, then it increased. The behavior of one-way slabs showed an increase in the first crack load and ultimate failure capacity. Moreover, decrease in the deflection of slabs was observed with the increasing replacement of cement with marble dust. The resistance of concrete against corrosion of steel reinforcement also increased due to less migration of chloride ions. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests showed improved homogeneity and stiffness of concrete structure with the replacement of cement by marble dust.
Two-Cored Energy Management System for Industrial Microgrid
Authors: Ali Saqib , Malik Tahir Nadeem
Published: October 2021

Energy systems have to deal with energy cost and environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas emission. Industrial buildings considered as Microgrid (μG) with heavy load worsen these issues even more. Further, cyber-attacks on the data communication channel between utility and customer is also a potential threat and may alter the data as well as the confidentiality of it, resulting in an inaccurate result. To address these problems, this paper proposes two-cored Building Energy Management System (BEMS) for Industrial Microgrid (IμG) with first cored termed as the energy layer concentrating on energy cost and emission reduction, while second cored termed as security layer provides the un-authorized intrusion detection and prevention system (IDS/IPS) for cyber secure communication of data. The μG under consideration contains national grid, Natural Gas (NG), solar Photovoltaic (PV) as input carriers; electrical energy at output ports; electric vehicle (EV) fleet; battery bank; solar PV panel as non-dispatchable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Fuel Cell (FC) and Micro Turbine (MT) as dispatchable DERs. Energy layer optimization problem has been solved in MATLAB using flower pollination algorithm for µG energy consumption cost and emission reduction. To develop and analyze the security layer, Linux operating system based Smooth-sec software has been used. Devised security layer continuously monitors the network traffic between customers and BEMS as well as BEMS and utility server. During monitoring it distinguish the licensed user or malicious attacker to detect and prevent possible internal and/or external intrusions in the communication channel. Results show that EMS reduces energy cost and emission in addition to cyber security from internal threats. Proposed two-cored control may be manufactured for utilities to realize its benefits for industrial customers in a smart energy distribution system. Keywords: Demand Response, Energy Management System, Flower
Exploring Potable Groundwater Sources Surrounding Manchar Lake
Authors: Shaikh Sultan , Imran Uzma , Soomro Zamir Ahmed
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to explore the groundwater quality in Manchar Lake's surroundings, (one of Asia's largest lakes in Sindh Province of Pakistan), to discover sites where potable groundwater is available. To achieve this objective, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was employed at 21 sites in shallow depths by adopting Schlumberger electrode array alignment. The maximum distance chosen between current electrodes (A & B) was 300 m, and 20 m was between potential electrodes (M & N). ABEM terrameter SAS 4000 and IX1D resistivity software was used for data collection and interpretation, respectively. The results revealed that except for two sites (13 and 19), all other sites do not have potable groundwater at any depth. At site 13, one out of three layers lies under a high resistivity zone, while at site 19, two out of four layers lie under a high resistivity zone, which indicates the presence of potable water. To verify VES findings, water samples from 5 trial bores made by hand percussion method were collected and analyzed for Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), which revealed saline water from all trial bores. To sum up, potable groundwater is not available in the vicinity of Manchar Lake at shallow depths.
Descartes’s Holenmerism: From metaphysics to phenomenology
Authors: Vuletic Milos
Published: October 2021

Descartes talks about the presence of immaterial soul in material body in
multiple places in his writings and letters. Interpreters do not agree
whether he had in mind substantial holenmeric presence of the soul or mere
operational presence of the powers of the soul. I discuss both views in this
paper, and argue that neither is plausible. The former turns out to be
poorly motivated in the context of Descartes?s other metaphysical
commitments and insufficiently textually supported. The latter is
incompatible with Descartes?s understanding of the union of mind and body. I
then offer reasons for the claim that Descartes, when talking about the
presence of soul in body, puts forth a phenomenological rather than a
metaphysical thesis.
Study on Validation of the OPM Reservoir Simulator by Comparative Solution Project
Authors: H Fan
Published: October 2021

The Open Porous Media (OPM) reservoir simulation toolkit is a free and open-source development in the reservoir simulation world and one that has received very little attention. OPM Flow is a fully-implicit, black-oil simulator capable of running industry-standard simulation models, which encourage open innovation and reproducible research on modeling and simulation of porous media processes. This study validates and assesses the capabilities of OPM Flow comparing with the industry standard ECLIPSE simulator. Several tests were conducted in order to validate the simulator, including a zero- balance test, symmetrical well test, three simulation models based on the SPE Comparative Solution Project, and a real world dataset from the Norne oilfield in Norway. This variety of tests covers a wide range of reservoir types and specific operating conditions which are representative of expected applications of the software. By comparison it is concluded that OPM Flow reservoir simulator can be considered a validated and capable reservoir simulator that is able to compete with Schlumberger ECLIPSE in many cases and shows great potential for future development. In addition, a basic user interface for queuing and running simulations through the OPM Flow simulator was developed using the Python programming language as well as some modifications to the miscible flooding solver.
Geochemical Assessment of the Biodegradation Levels of Some Crude Oils from Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: CI Oraegbunam
Published: October 2021

Coastal swamp crude oil samples obtained from Clough creek, Azuzuama and Tebidaba oil fields were analyzed to obtain their biodegradation rankings. The studied samples were fractionated by column chromatography into saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The saturated hydrocarbons were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Some diagnostic ratios such as C 30 αβhopane/(Pr+Ph), (Pr+Ph)/(nC 17 +nC 18 ) and C 29 αβ 25 norhopane/C 30 αβhopane were used in assessing the biodegradation rankings. Though biodegradation was evident in the studied samples, their individual levels were compared based on these ratios. Assessment of the crude oil samples using C 29 αβ25norhopane/C 30 αβhopane ratio show that the oils from AZU ST and TEB12 are more degraded when compared to oils from WELL 2. Consequently, (Pr+Ph)/ (nC 17 +nC 18) ratios show that TEB 12 is the most degraded while WELL 2 is the least degraded. AZU ST was also shown as the most degraded oil using C 30 αβhopane/(Pr+Ph) diagnostic ratio.
Performing a Risk Analysis Study for Implementing a Biodiesel Plant
Authors: AS Elgharbawy
Published: October 2021

Risk as, an uncertain event, or condition that if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project's objective. Risk analysis is done via interviews and brainstorming considering the available and extensive experience of the involved stakeholders. Each identified risk is prioritized through a qualitative risk analysis process considering the probability of occurrence and the impact by project stakeholders. The results of risk management planning processes are used to update/re-plan the project management plan to consider the risk effect on the project. The biodiesel project is very profitable, the economic indicators for the project are very high, and the execution of such a project will strengthen the national economy. Therefore, a biodiesel risk analysis is performed to achieve security for the plant. The depletion of fossil fuel forces the world to look for alternative ways for energy production. The most common way is the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. This paper presents a detailed cost analysis for a biodiesel plant with capacity 100,000 ton/year.
Performance Assessment of a Sulphur Recovery Unit
Authors: AY Ibrahim
Published: October 2021

A refinery plant in the middle east started its official production in 2020. All the refinery plant acidic gas is fed to the Sulphur recovery unit plant to produce sulphur and prevent any acidic emissions against environmental regulations. The Sulphur recovery unit was simulated via special package named SULSIM. The results were validated, then the simulation was used in case studies to understand some important parameters of Sulphur recovery plants. The effect of decreasing the combustion air inlet temperature, the effect of decreasing the Claus reactor 1 inlet temperature and the effect of decreasing the thermal reactor feed were studied. Decreasing combustion air outlet temperature on the thermal reactor decreases the thermal reactor burning temperature, increases the concentration of COS and CS 2 by-products. Decreasing Catalytic reactor 1 inlet temperature decreases the hydrolysis reactions of COS and CS 2 but increases the Sulphur conversion efficiency. Decreasing AAG feed to the thermal reactor decreases the waste heat boiler duty.
Determination of Petrophysical Parameters of Reservoir Rock with a Special Look to Shale Effect (Case Study: One of the Gas Fields in Southern Iran)
Authors: K Taheri
Published: October 2021

Determination of petrophysical parameters is necessary for modeling hydrocarbon reservoir rock. The petrophysical properties of rocks influenced mainly by the presence of clay in sedimentary environments. Accurate determination of reservoir quality and other petrophysical parameters such as porosity, type, and distribution of reservoir fluid, and lithology are based on evaluation and determination of shale volume. If the effect of shale volume in the formation not calculated and considered, it will have an apparent impact on the results of calculating the porosity and saturation of the reservoir water. This study performed due to the importance of shale in petrophysical calculations of this gas reservoir. The shale volume and its effect on determining the petrophysical properties and ignoring it studied in gas well P19. This evaluation was performed in Formations A and B at depths of 3363.77 to 3738.98 m with a thickness of 375 m using a probabilistic calculation method. The results of evaluations of this well without considering shale showed that the total porosity was 0.1 percent, the complete water saturation was 31 percent, and the active water saturation was 29 percent, which led to a 1 percent increase in effective porosity. The difference between water saturation values in Archie and Indonesia methods and 3.3 percent shale volume in the zones show that despite the low shale volume in Formations A and B, its effect on petrophysical parameters has been significant. The results showed that if the shale effect not seen in the evaluation of this gas reservoir, it can lead to significant errors in calculations and correct determination of petrophysical parameters.
Software for Static Equipment Budgeting of China’s Petrochemical Industry
Authors: L Rong
Published: October 2021

We developed software by using Python language to reduce the manual work in the petrochemical budgeting process. Budget forms automatically generated by the software are based on the acquisition cost of items of static equipment and their installation fees. The software is also able to generate an Excel file that can be imported into the petrochemical aggregation software. This article explains the logic of the software based on the static equipment workflow in the current project. It provides development ideas to solve the problem of manually inputting equipment installation indexes, avoid confusion of equipment prices in the traditional estimate preparation process, and improve the work efficiency in the future.
Analysis of Structure and Starting Characteristics of Three-Shaft Ring-Plate Permanent Magnet Gear
Authors: Ge Y. , Liu D.
Published: October 2021

Combined with transmission mode of cycloid permanent magnet gear and ring plate mechanical gear, a three-shaft ring-plate permanent magnet gear transmission structure (TRMG) is proposed and the operating mechanism of structure is given. TRMG simulation model is established and the correctness is verified by transient finite element method. Based on momentum moment theorem, TRMG start-up process and start-up position of are analyzed theoretically. By calculating TRMG torque impulse, the optimal start-up range and start-up position of TRMG are determined.
Talouden asiantuntijoiden uskottavuuden hierarkia suomalaisten talous- ja politiikan toimittajien silmin
Authors: Harjuniemi Timo
Published: October 2021

Esimerkiksi pankeissa, taloudellisissa tutkimuslaitoksissa ja valtionhallinnossa työskentelevät talousasiantuntijat ovat journalistien taajaan käyttämiä lähteitä. Julkisuudessa esiintyvät asiantuntijat arvioivat tehtyjä talouspoliittisia päätöksiä ja talouspolitiikan liikkumatilaa. Analysoin tässä artikkelissa talous- ja politiikan toimittajille suunnatun kyselytutkimuksen (N=42) sekä 19 teemahaastattelun avulla, miten talouspolitiikkaa seuraavat suomalaiset toimittajat arvioivat erilaisissa instituutioissa työskentelevien talousasiantuntijoiden uskottavuutta ja miten talousasiantuntijan uskottavuus rakentuu toimittajien silmissä. Artikkeli nojaa journalismin tutkimuksesta tuttuun uskottavuuden hierarkian käsitteeseen. Uskottavuuden hierarkian huipulla ovat tärkeimmät poliittiset vallankäyttäjät ja puolueettomiksi mielletyt asiantuntijat, kun taas poliittisesti marginaalisiksi koetut toimijat samoin kuin puolueellisiksi mielletyt asiantuntijat ovat alempana hierarkiassa. Esitän artikkelissa, että paikka talouden asiantuntijoiden uskottavuuden hierarkiassa määräytyy ennen kaikkea asiantuntijan institutionaalisen taustan mukaan. Suomen Pankin ja valtiovarainministeriön sekä Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitoksen ja Palkansaajien tutkimuslaitoksen kaltaisten instituutioiden asiantuntijoita pidetään erityisen uskottavina, kun taas journalistien suhtautuminen pankkien talouspoliittiseen asiantuntemukseen on epäilevämpää. Vaikka valtionhallinnossa ja tutkimuslaitoksissa työskenteleviä asiantuntijoita pidetään yleisesti uskottavampina kuin pankkien asiantuntijoita, toimittajat suhtautuvat kriittisesti ajatukseen talouden asiantuntijatiedon puolueettomuudesta ja epäpoliittisuudesta.