bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncaria rhynchophylla Ameliorates Parkinson’s Disease by Inhibiting HSP90 Expression: Insights from Quantitative Proteomics
Authors: Lan Yu-Long , Zhou Jun-Jun , Liu Jing , Huo Xiao-Kui , Wang Ya-Li , Liang Jia-Hao , Zhao Jian-Chao , Sun Cheng-Peng , Yu Zhen-Long , Fang Lin-Lin , Tian Xiang-Ge , Feng Lei , Ning Jing , Zhang Bao-Jing , Wang Chao , Zhao Xin-Yu , Ma Xiao-Chi
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: Uncaria rhynchophylla, known as “Gou-teng”, is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to extinguish wind, clear heat, arrest convulsions, and pacify the liver. Although U. rhynchophylla has a long history of being often used to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, its efficacy and potential mechanism are still uncertain. This study investigated neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanism of U. rhynchophylla extract (URE) in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-induced mice. Methods: MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-induced mice were used to established Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics were used to uncover proteomics changes of URE. Western blotting was used to validate main differentially expressed proteins and test HSP90 client proteins (apoptosis-related, autophagy-related, MAPKs, PI3K, and AKT proteins). Flow cytometry and JC-1 staining assay were further used to confirm the effect of URE on MPP+-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Gait analysis was used to detect the behavioral changes in MPTP-induced mice. The levels of dopamine (DA) and their metabolites were examined in striatum (STR) by HPLC-EC. The positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by immunohischemical staining and Western blotting. Results: URE dose-dependently increased the cell viability in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics results confirmed that HSP90 was an important differentially expressed protein of URE. URE inhibited the expression of HSP90, which further reversed MPP+-induced cell apoptosis and autophagy by increasing the expressions of Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, p-ERK, p-PI3K p85, PI3K p110α, p-AKT, and LC3-I and decreasing cleaved caspase 3, Bax, p-JNK, p-p38, and LC3-II. URE also markedly decreased the apoptotic ratio and elevated mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DΨm). Furthermore, URE treatment ameliorated behavioral impairments, increased the contents of DA and its metabolites and elevated the positive expressions of TH in SN and STR as well as the TH protein. Conclusions: URE possessed the neuroprotective effect in vivo and in vitro, regulated MAPK and PI3K-AKT signal pathways, and inhibited the expression of HSP90. U. rhynchophylla has potentials as therapeutic agent in PD treatment.
Effects of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway on NLRP3 Inflammasome in Coronary Microembolization-Induced Myocardial Injury
Authors: Su Qiang , Li Lang , Sun Yuhan , Yang Huafeng , Ye Ziliang , Zhao Jinmin
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: Coronary microembolization (CME) is a common complication of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); Myocardial inflammation, caused by CME, is the main cause of cardiac injury. TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling plays an important role in the development of myocardial inflammation, but its effects on CME remain unclear. To assess the cardiac protective effects of TAK-242 (TLR4 specific inhibitor) on CME-induced myocardial injury, and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: Cardiac function, serum c-troponin I level, microinfarct were examined by cardiac ultrasound, myocardial enzyme assessment, HBFP staining. The levels of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were detected by ELISA, qRT-PCR and western blot. Results: The results showed inflammatory responses in the myocardium after CME, with increased expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18. Meanwhile, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome were involved in the inflammatory process. TAK-242 administration before CME effectively inhibited the inflammatory response in the rat myocardium after CME and reduced myocardial injury, mainly by inhibiting TLR4/ MyD88/NF-κB signaling and reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, in vitro assays with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes further confirmed that TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling was significantly activated in the inflammatory response of LPS-induced cardiomyocytes, via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling resulted in increased survival of cardiomyocytes mainly by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusions: TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling participates in the inflammatory response of the myocardium after CME, activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting the inflammatory cascade, and aggravating myocardial injury. Blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling may help reduce myocardial injury and improve cardiac function after CME.
The Herpetofauna from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): updating species composition, richness, distribution and endemisms
Authors: Rocha Carlos Frederico Duarte , Telles Felipe Bottona da Silva , Vrcibradic Davor , Nogueira-Costa Paulo
Published: June 2018

Ilha Grande is a large continental island (total area of 19,300 ha) situated at the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeast Brazil, within the Atlantic Forest Biome. Here we provide an update to the previous knowledge of the fauna of amphibians and reptiles occurring in Ilha Grande, based on primary data from our own fieldwork and on secondary data (from institutional collections and from the literature). We report the occurrence at Ilha Grande of a total of 74 species, being 34 amphibians (all of them anurans) and 40 reptiles (27 snakes, 11 lizards, one amphisbaenian and one crocodylian). Our survey added 14 species to the herpetofaunal list of Ilha Grande (three of amphibians and eleven of reptiles) and removed one species (the amphibian Cycloramphus fuliginosus) from the previous list. The data indicated that Ilha Grande houses a considerable portion of the Atlantic Forest amphibian and reptile diversity (ca. 6% and 19%, respectively, of the species occurring in this biome) together with high occurrence of species endemic to this biome plus a few amphibian species endemic to this island. Ilha Grande is thus an important reservoir of both biodiversity and endemism of amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, which highlights the importance of the conservation of the island and of its different habitats along the insular landscape.
Etnografia como abordagem teórico-metodológica em estudos de crítica de mídia
Authors: Vieira Lívia de Souza
Published: June 2018

A abordagem teórica do newsmaking, focada na produção jornalística, apresenta desafios que impactam diretamente as pesquisas em jornalismo: dificuldade de entrar nas redações, tensão nas entrevistas com jornalistas, efetividade no relato do trabalho de campo. Talvez por isso grande parte dos estudos se detenham na análise do produto, em especial quando se direcionam à crítica de mídia. Por outro lado, conhecer as etapas que antecedem o produto final, procurando mapear as controvérsias, pode ser bastante oportuno para as teorias desse campo. Assim, defendemos e propomos a utilização da etnografia, segundo as bases da teoria ator-rede de Latour, como abordagem teórico-metodológica possível para os estudos de crítica de mídia.
Modos de narrar, formas de descrever: processos de (trans)crição de um corpo
Authors: Venanzoni Thiago Siqueira
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta três análises de obras audiovisuais que se ligam pela temática e por compartilharem formas descritivas que se assemelham: 1) o filme Corpo elétrico (2017), de Marcelo Caetano; 2) o documentário Meu corpo é político (2017), de Alice Riff; e 3) Liberdade de gênero, programa veiculado pelo canal GNT no ano de 2017. O tema que atravessa essas três produções é a questão do corpo trans e periférico em relação ao social habitado por essas personagens. Diante desse emblema contemporâneo, trazem-se ao debate as transcrições desses corpos nas mídias na sua relação com o normativo. Compreende-se nos três objetos que a mediação diante do que se mostra neutro se dá na paridade entre os corpos, ao encaminhar-se apresentações descritivas e narrativas de um corpo em disputa no campo político e de formas de sociabilidade por ele apresentadas.
Análise crítica da cobertura da previsão do tempo em portais especializados
Authors: Calero María Luisa Sánchez
Published: June 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as tendências e o posicionamento que a informação meteorológica adquire em sites especializados. O artigo mostra as características de nove portais meteorológicos, com forte presença dos sites espanhóis, dos quais foram analisados aspectos como o discurso que emitem, a linguagem e o vocabulário utilizados, os tipos de fontes consultadas, a organização dos conteúdos, os sistemas de busca, o material gráfico e visual, os sistemas de alerta e as possibilidades de interação dos usuários. Foi requerida na amostra deste estudo a elaboração de um questionário enviado a 400 usuários dessas páginas a fim de conhecer o perfil dos que consultam essas informações na internet, além da análise de 30 websites, públicos e privados, vinculados a esportes ou lazer, com uma seção proeminente sobre informações meteorológicas. Por último, foram analisados os nove portais específicos de informação meteorológica, identificados como os mais referenciados no estudo anterior de sites relacionados a aspectos de lazer, esporte e atividades ao ar livre.
Como criticam os que criticam?
Authors: Silva Gislene
Published: June 2018

Em Simpósio realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, no campus de Florianópolis, em setembro de 2017, um grupo de pesquisadores da área da Comunicação se ocupou de debater a respeito de uma das perguntas possíveis nesse campo: Como criticam os que criticam?. E desta atividade resultaram artigos ora publicados no Dossiê. As disposições de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores se complementavam pelo esforço de discutir diferentes perspectivas teóricas de críticas, de pensar a crítica de instituições e processos midiáticos de modo mais geral, de fazer o exercício de crítica de objetos midiáticos particulares – com destaque para os do campo do Jornalismo – e de objetos midiáticos que se mostram críticos em si mesmos. Para além de possíveis respostas sobre os modos de se fazer a crítica de mídia, tais estudos trazem novas perguntas e problemas.
Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Influence Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Response to Antihypertensive Treatment?
Authors: Fatureto-Borges Fernanda , Jenner Raimundo , Costa-Hong Valéria , Lopes Heno F. , Teixeira Sandra H. , Marum Elias , Giorgi Dante A.M. , Consolim-Colombo Fernanda M. , Bortolotto Luiz A. , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo , Krieger Eduardo M. , Drager Luciano F.
Published: June 2018

Untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in patients with hypertension and may impair blood pressure (BP) and target-organ damage responses to antihypertensive therapy. In this study, we recruited hypertensive patients who underwent treatment with a 30-day regimen of hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg plus enalapril (20 mg BID) or losartan (50 mg BID) and were assessed with a baseline clinical evaluation, polysomnography, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. All the examinations except for polysomnography were repeated at 6 and 18 months of follow-up. We studied 94 hypertensive patients (mean age, 55±9 years). The frequency of OSA was 55%. Compared with baseline, we did not observe significant differences between groups in 24-hour BP, daytime systolic and diastolic BPs, or night-time systolic BP at 6 and 18 months. The BP control rate at 24 hours (<130/80 mm Hg) was similar between the groups (baseline, 42.3% versus 45.2%; 6 months, 46.9% versus 57.5%; 18 months, 66.7% versus 61.5%). However, patients with OSA had higher night-time diastolic BP decrease than did the non-OSA group (6 months, −4.9±11.8 versus −0.3±10.3 mm Hg; 18 months, −6.7±11.1 versus −1.2±10.6 mm Hg;
P
=0.027). There were no differences in the number and class of antihypertensive medications prescribed during follow-up. In terms of arterial stiffness, patients with OSA had higher pulse wave velocity than did patients without OSA at baseline (10.3±1.9 versus 9.2±1.7 m/s;
P
=0.024), but both groups had similar decreases in pulse wave velocity during follow-up. In conclusion, with combined antihypertensive treatment aimed at controlling BP, hypertensive patients with OSA had similar 24-hour BP and arterial stiffness to those without OSA.
Orthoepy in the Tiberian Reading Tradition of the Hebrew Bible and Its Historical Roots in the Second Temple Period
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: June 2018

The Tiberian reading tradition of the Hebrew Bible contains a variety of features that point to its origin in the Second Temple period. Once such feature is the careful reading of the inflected forms of the verbsהָיָהandחָיָהto ensure that they are not confused. The paper directs particular attention to the lengthening of the vowels of the prefix conjugation (imperfect) of these verbs, which can be reconstructed from medieval sources. It is argued through comparison with the Babylonian tradition of Biblical Hebrew that this lengthening is an orthoepic feature that has its roots in the Second Temple Period. This demonstrates that the priestly authorities who were concerned with the careful preservation of the written text were also concerned with the careful preservation of the orally transmitted reading tradition.
The Appearance of Leah
Authors: Jensen Aaron Michael
Published: June 2018

Considering the lexical possibilities inherent within עַיִן, this article proposes that the reference to “Leah’s eyes” in Genesis 29:17 speaks not of her eyes but of her general appearance.
Tools for Science
Authors: Chapron Emmanuelle
Published: June 2018

This article presents an overall reflection on the libraries that were assembled in scientific institutions in France and Italy in the eighteenth century using case studies and comparative approaches. It focuses in particular on five scientific academies (located in Turin, Florence, Paris and Brest) and two Florentine institutions, the Museo di Fisica e di Storia Naturale and the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital. Decisions made regarding library premises, book procurement policies, catalogue publications and whether or not to open to the public were all investments that demonstrated the role of the written culture in the identity of scholarly communities, including those (such as the naval and surgeons’ communities) whose members had long been seen as professionals firmly rooted in a manual practice that was detached from theory. This article thus shows how libraries participated in the institutionalisation of scientific activities, the definition of professional knowledge and the formation of scholarly collectives.
The Early Development of the Achromatic Telescope Revisited
Authors: Zuidervaart Huib , Cocquyt Tiemen
Published: June 2018

The emergence in the Netherlands of a flint forward achromatic telescope with a provenance going back to the English optician William Eastland (1702–1787), known for his opposition to the Dollond patent on the achromatic telescope, prompted us to review the early history of the achromatic telescope, especially with regard to Eastland’s role and testimony during the Dollond lawsuit. An investigation of this Eastland-related telescope revealed that the configuration of its doublet lens differed from the design Eastland had sketched in court. However, the close fitting of the two lenses constitutes a plausible next step in the improvement of the achromat. This configuration appeared to be identical in design to the one used in the earliest known flint-forward configuration made by the Dollond firm. An analysis of the spherical aberration of other early designs of the achromat, using the theory only available at the time, indicates that probably several designs steps were deliberately taken. To explain the developments that emerge from the presented curvatures, we propose a sequence of designs for the configuration of doublet lenses. Starting with the presumed Moor Hall design of the 1730s, we discuss the flint forward designs of the early achromats, as well as the crown forward designs of the later period. Most English achromatic telescopes were the result of a process of ‘trial and error,’ designed almost with no influence from the theory developed by several European scholars since 1760. However, in France – and from 1774 onwards in Holland – dioptrical theory was the leading one for most of the optical practitioners.
A new species of Melanoseris (Lactucinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae) from SW Xizang, China, based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: YIN ZHI-JIAN , KILIAN NORBERT , LI BING-ZHANG , SUN HONG-YAN , ZHAO MING-XU , WANG ZE-HUAN
Published: June 2018

Melanoseris jilongensis from SW Xizang, China, is described as a species new to science and illustrated, and its threat status is also assessed. It morphologically resembles M. macrorhiza, but differs in particular in leaf morphology, indumentum and achene characters. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS and plastid DNA sequences revealed discordance between both DNA datasets as well as between morphological similarity and phylogenetic position. As in other cases of Sino-Himalayan taxa of the Melanoseris lineage, an event of reticulation in the speciation of M. jilongensis seems to have been taken place.
The freshwater crab genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, Gubernatoriana Bott,
and Inglethelphusa Bott (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) revisited, with descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species
Authors: PATI S.K. , THACKERAY T.
Published: June 2018

The taxonomy of three morphologically related and endemic genera of the northern Western Ghats (Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970, and Inglethelphusa Bott, 1970) is re-assessed to accommodate several new taxa. We describe a new genus, Sahyadriana gen. nov. and its five new species [S. billyarjani sp. nov., S. pachyphallus sp. nov., S. sahyadriensis sp. nov. (type species), S. tenuiphallus sp. nov., and S. woodmasoni sp. nov.]. Additionally, three new species each of Ghatiana (Gh. botti sp. nov., Gh. pulchra sp. nov., and Gh. rathbunae sp. nov.) and Gubernatoriana (Gu. longipes sp. nov., Gu. marleshwarensis sp. nov., and Gu. wallacei sp. nov.) are described. Five species previously in Gubernatoriana are now transferred to Sahyadriana gen. nov., viz. S. alcocki (Pati in Pati, Thackeray & Khaire, 2016) comb. nov., S. pilosipes (Alcock, 1909) comb. nov., S. thackerayi (Pati in Pati, Thackeray & Khaire, 2016) comb. nov., S. triangulus (Pati & Sharma, 2014) comb. nov., and S. waghi (Pati in Pati, Thackeray & Khaire, 2016) comb. nov. Gubernatoriana basalticola Klaus, Fernandez & Yeo, 2014, is transferred to Ghatiana. Inglethelphusa is still proved to be monotypic. Consequently, Ghatiana now contains eight species, three of which are new; Gubernatoriana, four species, including three new species; Inglethelphusa, one species; and Sahyadriana gen. nov., ten species, including five new species. Sahyadriana pilosipes is rediscovered more than a century after its description. All these genera can be separated from other Indian gecarcinucid crabs by the absence of a flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped and a very short G2. The relevant identification keys are revised. Currently, 120 species of freshwater crabs under 35 genera and two families are found in India. Kerala is the most species-rich (35 species) state in India followed by Maharashtra (29 species) and Assam (21 species). The Western Ghats of India now includes 17 genera and 58 species of gecarcinucid crabs. A checklist and distribution of Indian freshwater crabs is provided.
Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Ni Doped ZnS Nanoparticles
Authors: Sreenivasulu B , Reddy S. Venkatramana , Reddy P. Venkateswara
Published: June 2018

Pure ZnS and 3 mol% of Ni doped ZnS nano powders are prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. Properties of ZnS: Ni2+ nanoparticles are studied by X-ray diffraction Spectra (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), Photoluminescence (PL), Absorption Spectra, Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). From XRD data, it conform the structure of ZnS, and particle size of pure and Ni doped ZnS data indicates the incorporation of Ni2+ in ZnS
nanocrystal lattice. Raman spectra for pure and Ni doped samples exhibited vibrational modes confirm the structure of ZnS. Photoluminescence spectra reveal that the emission peaks are in UV and visible regions; this is confirming the absorption spectra. SEM micrographs show spherical morphology,
and chemical compositions of samples are in stoichiometric proportions. TEM micro graphs show the spherical surface morphology and average particle size for pure and Ni2+ doped nanoparticles are in the range of 2–3 nm, this is good agreement with XRD results. M–H curves
from VSM show room temperature ferromagnetism.
Genital Human Papiloma Virus Infection in Nonclassical Clinical Lesion of Condylomata Acuminata in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Yusra  , Latumahina  , Nilasari H , Nurbaya S , Timan I. S
Published: June 2018

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Based on its oncogenic potential, genital HPV consists of low risk HPV (LR-HPV) and high risk HPV (HR-HPV). Condylomata acuminata (CA) is a STI caused by HPV and has the highest morbidity
rates in the world. Generally CA is caused by LR-HPV, but recently found that HR-HPV infections have a considerable proportion. Hr-HPV infection is one of the risk factors of anogenital malignancy. The aim of this study was to obtain the proportion of HR-HPV and especially HPV 16 and 18 infection
in nonclassical clinical lesion of CA in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The specimen was obtained from brushed skin in the lesion. DNA extraction was performed and followed by HPV detection using a real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, especially to detect high risk HPV and HPV 16/18.
Forty subject most were unmarried male, above 21 years old, and coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Twenty five from forty (62.5%) patients were infected by HR-HPV. Thirteen patients were infected by HPV 16/18 (32.5%). Twelve patients (30.0%) were infected by HR-HPV other than
type 16/18, and 15 patients (37.5%) uninfected with HR-HPV. The most form of lesion that infected by HPV were papullar lesion. The proportion of HR-HPV in nonclassical clinical lesion of CA were 62.5% and more than third of it were infected by HPV 16/18.
The Use of Partial Cloudiness in a Bulk Cloud Microphysics Scheme: Concept and 2D Results
Authors: Kim So-Young , Hong Song-You
Published: June 2018

The source and sink terms of microphysical processes vary nonlinearly with cloud condensate amount. Therefore, partial cloudiness is one of the important factors to be considered in a cloud microphysics scheme given that in-cloud condensate amount depends on the cloud fraction of the grid box. An alternative concept to represent the partial cloudiness effect on the microphysical processes of a bulk microphysics scheme is proposed. Based on the statistical relationship between cloud condensate and cloudiness, all hydrometeors in the microphysical processes are treated after converting them to in-cloud values by dividing the amount by estimated cloudiness and multiplying it after the computation of all microphysics terms. The underlying assumption is that all the microphysical processes occur in a cloudy part of the grid box. In a 2D idealized storm case, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) single-moment 5-class (WSM5) microphysics scheme with the proposed approach increases the amount of snow and rain through enhanced autoconversion/accretion and increases precipitation reaching the surface.
A Simple Model for the Anomalous Counterclockwise Turning of the Surface Wind with Time over the Great Plains of the United States
Authors: Rotunno Richard , Romine Glen S. , Bluestein Howard B.
Published: June 2018

A recent study found that surface hodographs over the Great Plains of the United States turn in a counterclockwise direction with time. This observed turning is opposite of the clockwise turning observed (and expected, based on theory) at higher altitudes. Using a mesoscale forecast model, the same study shows that it has the same hodograph behavior as found in the observations. The study further shows that the reason for this anomalous counterclockwise turning is the decoupling of the surface layer from the boundary layer after sunset and its recoupling after sunrise. The present paper presents a simple model for this behavior by extending a recent analytical model for the diurnal oscillation to include the surface-layer effect. In addition, selected solution features are analyzed in terms of several of the nondimensional input parameters.
A Climatology of Strong Large-Scale Ocean Evaporation Events. Part II: Relevance for the Deuterium Excess Signature of the Evaporation Flux
Authors: Aemisegger Franziska , Sjolte Jesper
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses the relevance of transient events of strong large-scale ocean evaporation (SLOE) for the deuterium excess of marine boundary layer vapor d using a theoretical framework that invokes the closure assumption. We argue that during SLOE events, d is essentially determined by the evaporation flux signature. Distinct high d during SLOE with global-mean values in the range of 12‰–23‰ depending on the nonequilibrium fractionation factor αk result from the large air–sea humidity gradients reflected in low relative humidity with respect to sea surface temperature (hs = 53% ± 9%) that characterize these events. Extratropical cyclones are highlighted as an important driver for the variability of d. On the one hand, they are themselves associated with high hs and low d, especially in areas of cloud formation and precipitation in the warm sector. On the other hand, cyclones are the main driver inducing SLOE events with high d in regions of cold-air advection upstream of their path. The sensitivity of d to its direct climate controls (hs and SST) is analyzed during SLOE for different αk formulations and found to be coherent with d–hs and d–SST slopes determined from available observations. The d–hs relationship exhibits a robust negative correlation as opposed to the d–SST relationship, which shows regional and time-scale-dependent variations in strength and sign that are induced by indirect hs–SST cross-correlation effects. The dynamical features involved in SLOE generation appear to exert a key control on the moisture source properties relevant for d in the extratropics.
A Process-Based Assessment of CMIP5 Rainfall in the Congo Basin: The September–November Rainy Season
Authors: Creese A. , Washington R.
Published: June 2018

Congo basin September–November rainfall varies by up to a factor of 3 across CMIP5 coupled models. The severe lack of observational data in this region makes model evaluation difficult using standard techniques. This study uses a process-based assessment to evaluate the plausibility of mechanisms related to coupled model rainfall in September–November. Models tend to simulate a rainfall maximum in either the west or east of the basin. In most months, western Congo rainfall is positively correlated with eastern Congo rainfall across models, as relatively wet models are often wetter everywhere; however, in August–November this correlation becomes insignificant, suggesting that processes relating to rainfall differences in each subdomain are distinct. Composite analysis of wet and dry models in each subdomain suggests that the tropical eastern Atlantic SST bias helps differentiate between models in the west: wetter models tend to have a larger (~1°–2°C) and more equatorward SST bias, higher evaporation over the ocean, and higher local convection. In the east, rainfall differences between models are related to more remote SST differences, including cold South Atlantic and warm eastern Indian Ocean SSTs. Wetter models exhibit stronger westerly flow across the tropical eastern Atlantic, as part of an enhanced equatorial zonal overturning cell. Dry models in the east feature a stronger and more equatorward northerly component of the midlevel African easterly jet, which may contribute to suppressed convection over the domain. This assessment casts doubt on the credibility of models that are very wet in the west of the Congo basin and have a large Atlantic SST bias.
Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Intensity over the Western North Pacific Using the IBTrACS Dataset
Authors: Zhong Quanjia , Li Jianping , Zhang Lifeng , Ding Ruiqiang , Li Baosheng
Published: June 2018

The predictability limits of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity over the western North Pacific (WNP) are investigated using TC best track data. The results show that the predictability limit of the TC minimum central pressure (MCP) is ~102 h, comparable to that of the TC maximum sustained wind (MSW). The spatial distribution of the predictability limit of the TC MCP over the WNP is similar to that of the TC MSW, and both gradually decrease from the eastern WNP (EWNP) to the South China Sea (SCS). The predictability limits of the TC MCP and MSW are relatively high over the southeastern WNP where the modified accumulated cyclone energy (MACE) is relatively large, whereas they are relatively low over the SCS where the MACE is relatively small. The spatial patterns of the TC lifetime and the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) are similar to that of the TC MACE. Strong and long-lived TCs, which have relatively long predictability, mainly form in the southwestern WNP. In contrast, weak and short-lived TCs, which have relatively short predictability, mainly form in the SCS. In addition to the dependence of the predictability limit on genesis location, the predictability limits of TC intensity also evolve in the TC life cycle. The predictability limit of the TC MCP (MSW) gradually decreases from 102 (108) h at genesis time (00 h) to 54 (84) h 4 days after TC genesis.
Hearing Preservation After Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Excision: Audiometry and Electrocochleography Results
Authors: Akakpo Kenneth , Riggs William J. , Harris Michael S. , Dodson Edward E
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

To describe a case of inadvertent hearing preservation following a classical translabyrinthine resection of a vestibular schwannoma of the internal auditory canal in an otherwise healthy patient.

Methods:

Herein, we describe the case of an otherwise healthy patient who underwent resection of an intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma via a translabyrinthine approach. Furthermore, as part of an ongoing study aimed at characterizing hearing changes due to intraoperative events, cochlear hair cell and nerve activity were monitored using electrocochleography throughout surgery. Unexpectedly, the patient maintained serviceable hearing following surgery. As a result, we are able to provide electrophysiologic evidence of cochlear hair cell activity at various stages of this surgery.

Results:

Hair cell responses across tested frequencies were detectable prior to and following completion of the translabyrinthine procedure. Neural integrity of the auditory division of cranial nerve VIII was maintained throughout. Lastly, postoperative audiometric testing supported the patient’s subjective assertion of serviceable hearing in the surgical ear.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that some degree of hair cell and neural integrity can be maintained throughout the course of the translabyrinthine approach, and if preservation of the auditory division of cranial nerve VIII is feasible, a functional amount of hearing preservation is attainable.
The Effect of the Physical Environment on Crime Rates: Capturing Housing Age and Housing Type at Varying Spatial Scales
Authors: Hipp John R. , Kim Young-An , Kane Kevin
Published: June 2018

This study introduces filtering theory from housing economics to criminology and measures the age of housing as a proxy for deterioration and physical disorder. Using data for Los Angeles County in 2009 to 2011, negative binomial regression models are estimated and find that street segments with older housing have higher levels of all six crime types tested. Street segments with more housing age diversity have higher levels of all crime types, whereas housing age diversity in the surrounding ½-mile area is associated with lower levels of crime. Street segments with detached single-family units generally had less crime compared with other types of housing. Street segments with large apartment complexes (five or more units) generally have more crime than those with small apartment complexes and duplexes.
Grieving Styles of Young Banso Widows
Authors: Lange Ruth , Dykeman Cass , Beckett Catherine
Published: June 2018

Grieving is manifested differently around the world depending on culture, social desirability, and social norms. Little is known about grieving patterns in Africa. As such, a study of the grieving patterns of young widows of the Banso tribe of the Cameroon was conducted. This examination used Doka and Martin’s model of grieving styles as the lens for this research. This model delineates a continuum of grief styles: instrumental on one end, intuitive on the other, and blended in the middle. This study used the validated Grief Pattern Inventory to determine if young Banso widows in this sample are intuitive, instrumental, or blended grievers. The study employed a cross-sectional design. The results indicated that 47% of the participants were intuitive grievers and 41% were blended grievers. Policy, research, and clinical implications emerging from the results were presented.
A Critique of the Status Function Account of Human Rights
Authors: Burman Åsa
Published: June 2018

This contradiction ”1. The universal right to free speech did not exist before the European Enlightenment, at which time it came into existence. 2. The universal right to free speech has always existed, but this right was recognized only at the time of the European Enlightenment.” (Searle) draws on two common and conflicting intuitions: The human right to free speech exists because institutions, or the law, says so. In contrast, the human right to free speech can exist independently of institutions—these institutions simply recognize a right we already have. John Searle argues that his status function account of human rights can preserve both intuitions by showing that the inconsistency between (1) and (2) is merely apparent. I argue that this solution works for tokens of human rights but not for types, while the contradiction concerns types. Hence, the status function account of human rights fails to preserve both intuitions.
Robust adaptive terminal sliding mode control for dynamic positioning of a semi-submersible offshore platform
Authors: Zhao Dongya , Liang Hao , Spurgeon Sarah K
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a robust adaptive terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for dynamic positioning of a semi-submersible offshore platform. First, a state feedback controller is designed to stabilize the nominal system. Then a robust adaptive terminal sliding mode compensator is developed to eliminate the effects of uncertain dynamics and disturbances. It is shown, using Lyapunov methods, that the tracking error is driven to zero in finite time using the proposed control. The efficacy of the control algorithm is validated using simulation studies; it is shown that recent developments in the domain of robust exact differentiation are very helpful for controller implementation.
Maternal mental state language is associated with trajectories of Chinese immigrant children’s emotion situation knowledge
Authors: Doan Stacey N. , Lee Helen Y. , Wang Qi
Published: June 2018

We investigated the role of mothers’ references to mental states and behaviors and children’s emotion situation knowledge (ESK) in a prospective, cross-cultural context. European American mothers ( n = 71) and Chinese immigrant mothers ( n = 60) and their children participated in the study. Maternal references to mental states and behaviors were assessed at Time 1 when children were three years of age. ESK was assessed when children were 3, 3.5, and 4.5 years of age. Multi-group latent growth curve analyses were used to model children’s growth in ESK over time, as well as relations between mental state language and references to behaviors on children’s trajectories. Results indicated that maternal references to mental states were associated with concurrent levels of ESK for European American children, and change over time for the Chinese immigrant children. Maternal references to behaviors were negatively associated with concurrent ESK for both groups.
District Leaders Engaged in School Turnaround: Identified Challenges and Espoused Responses
Authors: Meyers Coby , Sadler Jonathan
Published: June 2018

School turnaround initiatives have prioritized the school principal as the change lever. Little overall consideration about the critical role district leadership plays. In this study, we analyze the turnaround launch and, improvement plans of school district leaders participating in a university, turnaround program. We find that district leaders identify certain systems, levers as more significant challenges than other ones, but their espoused, ways to address these challenges are disparate if determined at all. Implications for districts and schools are discussed.
p75 Neurotrophin Receptor: A Double-Edged Sword in Pathology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Becker Kathrin , Cana Armend , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Spitzbarth Ingo
Published: June 2018

The low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR is a major neurotrophin receptor involved in manifold and pleiotropic functions in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). Although known for decades, its entire functions are far from being fully elucidated. Depending on the complex interactions with other receptors and on the cellular context, p75NTR is capable of performing contradictory tasks such as mediating cell death as well as cell survival. In parallel, as a prototype marker for certain differentiation stages of Schwann cells and related CNS aldynoglial cells, p75NTR has recently gained increasing notice as a marker for cells with proposed regenerative potential in CNS diseases, such as demyelinating disease and traumatic CNS injury. Besides its pivotal role as a marker for transplantation candidate cells, recent studies in canine neuroinflammatory CNS conditions also highlight a spontaneous endogenous occurrence of p75NTR-positive glia, which potentially play a role in Schwann cell–mediated CNS remyelination. The aim of the present communication is to review the pleiotropic functions of p75NTR in the CNS with a special emphasis on its role as an immunohistochemical marker in neuropathology. Following a brief illustration of the expression of p75NTR in neurogenesis and in developed neuronal populations, the implications of p75NTR expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are addressed. A special focus is put on the role of p75NTR as a cell marker for specific differentiation stages of Schwann cells and a regeneration-promoting CNS population, collectively referred to as aldynoglia.
Investigations on fine fraction of aged municipal solid waste recovered through landfill mining: Case study of three dumpsites from India
Authors: Somani Mohit , Datta Manoj , Ramana GV , Sreekrishnan TR
Published: June 2018

Reclamation of the dumps/landfills having huge quantities of decades-old garbage (aged waste or legacy waste) in an environmentally sound manner is one of the major challenges faced by the developing nations in general and in particular by urban local bodies in India. The article presents the feasibility of landfill mining operation specifically to recover soil-like material at old dumpsites of India for re-use in geotechnical applications. Aged municipal solid waste was collected from three dumpsites of India and initial tests were conducted on the soil-like material of the municipal solid waste. Initial tests results of grain size distribution, compositional analysis, organic content, total dissolved solids, elemental analysis, heavy metal analysis and colour of the leached water from finer fraction of aged municipal solid waste are presented. From the preliminary investigation, it was found that organic content in 15–20-year-old dumpsites varies between 5%–12%. The total dissolved solids ranges between 1.2%–1.5%. The dark coloured water leaching out from aged waste, with reference to local soil, is one of the objectionable parameters and depends on the organic content. The concentration of heavy metals of the finer fraction were compared with the standards. It was found that copper, chromium and cadmium are present at elevated levels in all the three dumpsites. The study concluded that the bulk of the soil-like material from aged municipal solid waste landfills can be used as cover material for landfills at the same site. However, some treatment in terms of washing, thermal treatment, blending with local soil, biological treatment, etc., is required before it can be re-used in other geotechnical applications.
Les mécanismes cognitifs d’acceptation d’une innovation alimentaire de discontinuité : le cas des insectes en France
Authors: Gallen Céline , Pantin-Sohier Gaëlle , Peyrat-Guillard Dominique
Published: June 2018

Dans un contexte de mutation des modes de consommation alimentaire, les innovations de discontinuité constituent en enjeu considérable pour l’industrie. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les processus cognitifs d’acceptation d’une innovation alimentaire de discontinuité à travers l’étude des mécanismes de classification et d’encodage de la catégorisation. Une étude qualitative appliquée à la consommation humaine d’insectes permet d’identifier ces mécanismes en fonction du degré de transformation des produits, et leurs effets sur l’acceptation par les consommateurs. Ces résultats permettent notamment d’enrichir la théorie du comportement décisionnel et visent à éclairer les fabricants sur les leviers marketing à actionner pour faire accepter une innovation alimentaire de discontinuité.
Recognizing the Body as Being Political: Considering Arendt’s Concepts in the Context of Homelessness in Japan
Authors: Kubota Hiroko , Kohlen Helen , Clandinin D. Jean , Caine Vera
Published: June 2018

People who are homeless inhabit public spaces; their bodies appear. Yet, they are not often seen as individuals with remarkable sufferings caused by invisibility in society. While thinking alongside the ideas elaborated by the German Jewish political theorist and philosopher, Hannah Arendt, I consider the possibility of a political act called forth by attending to the body of people who are homeless. By drawing on Arendt’s deliberations on human rights and citizenship and private and public realms, I attend to the incongruence emerging between the sociopolitical constructions of the bodies and the corporeal bodies shaping the worlds. Using narrative inquiry, I weave the voices, stories, and lived experiences of two men, Yoshi and Ama, who have been homeless in Japan for more than ten years. By doing so, it points that the body of people who are homeless can be understood as a political action against human recognition which creates suffering.
Sodium Nitroprusside as a Hyperinflation Drug and Therapeutic Alternatives
Authors: Cobb Alex , Thornton Luciana
Published: June 2018

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a generically available and rapid-acting intravenous (IV) vasodilator that has been used clinically for decades. Prior to 2013, the cost of SNP was relatively low, and SNP was an affordable option for the treatment of acute hypertension. However, from 2013 to 2017, average wholesale prices for SNP rose to as high as US$900 per vial, earning the drug its status as a “hyperinflation drug.” Hyperinflation drugs pose a significant challenge for pharmacy departments. A multidisciplinary effort involving stakeholders from many backgrounds, including pharmacists, physicians, and nurses, is key to developing an effective cost containment strategy. A therapeutic interchange, wherein a drug with similar efficacy is substituted for another, is often an appropriate strategy to address rising drug costs. Fortunately, alternative drugs with a solid evidence base exist for the management of acute hypertension. The dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, clevidipine and nicardipine, are IV titratable antihypertensive agents with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Various studies indicate that clevidipine and nicardipine are effective alternatives to SNP for indications including hypertensive crisis and postoperative hypertension. Some hospitals have reported significant cost savings without adverse outcomes by substituting clevidipine or nicardipine for SNP. This article is intended to serve as a review of the evidence for clevidipine and nicardipine as potential substitutes for SNP and to provide strategies to successfully implement this therapeutic interchange.
Odours and incontinence: What does the nose know?
Authors: Dalton Pamela , Maute Christopher
Published: June 2018

The fear of producing malodours that can be detected by others is a daily cause of anxiety for millions of people with incontinence. For many, the risk—whether real or imagined—that leaked waste products will be detectable by odour is sufficiently concerning to result in limitations on many types of activities. However, worry about personal odours can sensitise our olfactory system and cause us to be more aware of odours that may otherwise not be perceptible. In addition, heightened olfactory attention can often lead to odour misattributions, such as when we erroneously identify our body as the source of an odour that may simply be present in the environment. Odours produced by our bodies (endogenous odours) do enjoy a greater access to emotional brain centers and are processed faster than general odours. Here we provide examples from both everyday life and laboratory studies to explain how and why the olfactory system is unique among our sensory systems and how this knowledge can provide insights to our concerns about smell and incontinence and inform the development of products and solutions for incontinence.