bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marowitz Remembered
Authors: Holt Thelma
Published: August 2014

CHARLES MAROWITZ and I were introduced to each other in the early 1960s when the actor I was playing opposite in a William Saroyan double-bill at the Duke of York's announced he was about to revive his performance of Hamlet, which he had played for Charles in Peter Brook's Theatre of Cruelty season. Charles had seen me in a play at what was the Hampstead Theatre Club where I prophetically played a lion-tamer. Neither of these performances indicated what he saw in me to play Gertrude as a mother merely eight years older than her son, Hamlet.

In his flat, the first sight of Charles was forbidding: he was very tall, unhealthily pale with a lot of black hair, a dead ringer in my eyes for Rasputin. He offered me a cup of coffee and, when he went to fetch it from the kitchen, I hastily scanned his bookshelves, to see if they would tell me something about the man. The books were terrifying as he was so obviously very well read in terms theatrical from A to Z, and historically from the beginning of time to contemporary theatre. His smile obliterated the Rasputin impression: it was a wolfish grin. So I slipped into thinking I could play Little Red Riding Hood to his Big Bad Wolf.
Varifocalism: a Perspective on the Discipline of Theatre Studies
Authors: Ley Graham
Published: August 2014

What is the discipline in which ‘academic drama’ is engaged? Leaving aside debates about an emphasis on theatre or performance as the key term, who is included in the discipline, and how has it reshaped itself over the last decades? Is it right to say there have been major redefining changes, and if so, what are they? Graham Ley is Emeritus Professor of Drama and Theory at the University of Exeter. He has published widely on ancient Greek performance and comparative theory, and is currently preparing an essay on a theoretical history for Greek tragedy. He has previously published in New Theatre Quarterly on developments in Australian theatre (1986), the avant-garde (1991), Peter Brook (1993), Diderot (1995), Tara Arts (1997), and most recently diaspora theatre in the UK (2011). The present discussion is adapted from the conclusion to Ancient Greek and Contemporary Performance, a collection of essays to be published later in the year by the University of Exeter Press.
Stress, Work Overload, Burnout, and Satisfaction among Paramedics in Israel
Authors: Nirel Nurit , Goldwag Rachel , Feigenberg Zvi , Abadi David , Halpern Pinchas
Published: August 2014

Introduction:

The number of paramedics in Israel is increasing. Despite this growth and important role, the emergency medical organizations lack information about the characteristics of their work.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of the paramedics' work, the quality of their working lives, the factors that keep them in the profession, or conversely, draw them away from it.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study conducted through telephone interviews of a random sample of 50% of the graduates of paramedic courses in Israel (excluding conscripted soldiers).

Results:

The factors that attract paramedics to the profession have much to do with the essence of the job—rescuing and saving—and a love of what it involves, as well as interest and variety. Pressures at work result from having to cope with a lack of administrative support, paperwork, long hours, imbalance between work and family life, and salary. They do not come from having to cope with responsibility, the pressure of working under uncertain conditions, and the sudden transition from calm situations to emergencies. Dissatisfaction at work is caused by burnout, work overload, and poor health. Physical and mental health that impedes their ability to work is related to a sense of burnout and the intention to change professions.

Conclusions:

The findings about the relationships between health, job satisfaction, and burnout, coupled with the fact that within a decade, half of the currently employed paramedics will reach an age at which it is hard for them to perform their job, lead to the conclusion that there is a need to reconsider the optimum length of service in the profession. There also is a need to form organizational arrangements to change the work procedures of aging paramedics.
Fractures atypiques du fémur: A propos de trois cas cliniques
Authors: Sanduloviciu Maria , Stoll Delphine , Lamy Olivier , Krieg Marc-Antoine , Aubry-Rozier Bérengère
Published: August 2014

Die Osteoporose ist ein zunehmendes Problem für die öffentliche Gesundheit. Für die osteoporotische Fraktur-Prävention werden Bisphosphonate am häufigsten verwendet. Ihr verbreiteter Einsatz zeigt nun einen Zusammenhang mit einer unerwarteten Nebenwirkung: atypische Femurfrakturen. D. h. subtrochanterische Femurfrakturen oder diaphysäre Frakturen des proximale Femurs – manchmal bilateral, spontan oder nach einem geringen Trauma ausgelöst. Im Röntgenbild zeigt sich eine Quer- oder Schrägfraktur mit einem Sporn im Kortex und einer diffusen kortikalen Verdickung im proximalen Femur. Expertenempfehlungen werden herausgegeben, um diesen Nebenwirkung besser zu erkennen und zu behandeln. Wir berichten von drei Fällen mit atypischen Femurfrakturen aus unserem Zentrum und schlagen Management und Therapievorgehen vor.
Der Weg zur modernen Speiseröhrenchirurgie – von maximal invasiv zu minimal invasiv
Authors: von Holzen Urs
Published: August 2014

In der Schweiz werden pro Jahr 520 neue Fälle eines Ösophaguskarzinoms diagnostiziert. 80% der Patienten versterben trotz Fortschritten der chirurgischen und medizinischen Therapie daran. Die chirurgische Resektion ist die Therapie der Wahl beim resektablen Karzinom. Bereits 1913 wurde die erste erfolgreiche thorakale Resektion eines Ösophaguskarzinoms durchgeführt, aber erst mit der Entwicklung der modernen Anästhesie mit oraler Intubation und Überdruckbeatmung wurden Operationen im Thorax routinemässig möglich. Die Operation kann heute sowohl offen wie auch minimal invasiv durchgeführt werden. Die minimal-invasive Operation ist sicher, mit vergleichbarer Mortalität zur offenen Operation in spezialisierten Zentren. Ebenfalls bestehen keine Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Radikalität der Operation. Die onkologischen Resultate sind in publizierten Serien ebenfalls vergleichbar, Resultate randomisierter Studien sind allerdings noch ausstehend.
Specific Cognitive Abilities at Work
Authors: Krumm Stefan , Schmidt-Atzert Lothar , Lipnevich Anastasiya A.
Published: August 2014

Recent findings suggest that the role of specific cognitive abilities in predicting work-related criteria may be critical and may add to the widely demonstrated importance of general mental ability. To summarize and organize these findings, the current paper puts forward two perspectives on the role of specific cognitive abilities in predicting work-related outcomes. Similarities and discrepancies of these perspectives are outlined together with suggestions for boundary conditions of the dominance of general versus specific cognitive abilities. Finally, avenues for future research within and across the two perspectives are discussed.
Translation of Anticancer Efficacy From Nonclinical Models to the Clinic
Authors: Stroh M , Duda DG , Takimoto CH , Yamazaki S , Vicini P
Published: August 2014

Mouse cancer models have provided critical insights into tumor biology; however, clinical translation of these findings has been challenging. This perspective posits that factors impacting on successful translation start with limitations in capturing human cancer pathophysiology and end with challenges in generating robust translatable preclinical end points. A comprehensive approach that considers clinically relevant mouse models with both an integrated biomarker strategy and a complementary modeling and simulation effort will strengthen the current oncology drug development paradigm.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e128; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.28; published online 06 August 2014
α2AP mediated myofibroblast formation and the development of renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Kanno Yosuke , Kawashita Eri , Kokado Akiko , Kuretake Hiromi , Ikeda Kanako , Okada Kiyotaka , Seishima Mariko , Ueshima Shigeru , Matsuo Osamu , Matsuno Hiroyuki
Published: August 2014

Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of a wide variety of chronic kidney diseases. Myofibroblast formation via the differentiation of from tissue-resident fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to play a pivotal role in the development of renal fibrosis. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this disorder remain unclear. We herein investigated the role of alpha 2-antiplasmin (α2AP) in myofibroblast formation and the development of renal fibrosis. We observed the development of renal fibrosis using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). α2AP had accumulated in the UUO-induced obstructed kidneys and α2AP deficiency attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis in mice. The degree of myofibroblast formation in the obstructed kidneys of α2AP−/− mice was less than that in α2AP+/+ mice. In vitro, α2AP induced myofibroblast formation in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), renal fibrosblasts and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). α2AP also induced the production of TGF-β, which is known to be a key regulator of myofibroblast formation and fibrosis. α2AP-induced the TGF-β production was significantly reduced by SP600125, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) specific inhibitor. Our findings suggest that α2AP induces myofibroblast formation in the obstructed kidneys and mediates the development of renal fibrosis.
Combination of magnetic field and surface functionalization for reaching synergistic effects in cellular labeling by magnetic core–shell nanospheres
Authors: Gulin-Sarfraz Tina , Zhang Jixi , Desai Diti , Teuho Jarmo , Sarfraz Jawad , Jiang Hua , Zhang Chunfu , Sahlgren Cecilia , Lindén Mika , Gu Hongchen , Rosenholm Jessica M.
Published: August 2014

The joint effect of surface functionalization and an external magnetic field on cellular labeling was studied.
From a historic review to horizons beyond: lithium–sulphur batteries run on the wheels
Authors: Chen Renjie , Zhao Teng , Wu Feng
Published: August 2014

This review retraces the advances in the intensive field of Li–S batteries, covering its main breakthroughs, challenges and future prospects.
Facile fabrication of graphene-topological insulator Bi2Se3 hybrid Dirac materials via chemical vapor deposition in Se-rich conditions
Authors: Zhang C. , Liu M. , Man B. Y. , Jiang S. Z. , Yang C. , Chen C. S. , Feng D. J. , Bi D. , Liu F. Y. , Qiu H. W. , Zhang J. X.
Published: August 2014

Direct deposition of a uniform and high-quality Bi2Se3 thin film on a graphene film (layer controlled) is performed using a catalyst-free vapor deposition system in a Se-rich environment.
Evidence for geometric effects in neopentane conversion on PdAu catalysts
Authors: Childers David J. , Schweitzer Neil M. , Shahri Seyed Mehdi Kamali , Rioux Robert M. , Miller Jeffrey T. , Meyer Randall J.
Published: August 2014

Silica-supported Pd and Pd(shell)/Au(core) nanoparticles of a similar size were evaluated for neopentane conversion.
Direct synthesis of the Janus-head ligand (MePy)3Sn–Sn(MePy)3using an unusual pyridyl-transfer reaction (MePy = 6-methyl-2-pyridyl)
Authors: García-Rodríguez Raúl , Wright Dominic S.
Published: August 2014

Thein situreaction of the tripodal anion [EtAl(MePy)3]−(MePy = 6-Me-2-py) with SnCl2gives the Janus-head ligand (MePy)3Sn–Sn(MePy)3, containing a Sn–Sn bond, through a novel, one-pot reaction involving a combination of pyridyl transfer and metal-oxidation.
Mechanochemistry and sonochemistry: concluding remarks
Authors: Suslick Kenneth S.
Published: August 2014

This paper offers a perspective on mechanochemistry and offers summarizing commentary on the Faraday Discussion170, “Mechanochemistry: From Functional Solids to Single Molecules”. The connection between the mechanical and the chemical worlds dates back to our earliest written records and beyond, but its renaissance over the past decade or so has had an impact on a huge swathe of modern science and engineering: from metallurgists to polymer scientists to synthetic organic and inorganic chemists to cellular biologists. Connections among the different subfields of mechanochemistry (tribochemistry, trituration, macromolecular, and sonochemistry) are drawn out and the common themes and open questions are considered.
Quercetin, a natural dietary flavonoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer in an in vivo model by inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway
Authors: Firdous A. B. , Sharmila G. , Balakrishnan S. , RajaSingh P. , Suganya S. , Srinivasan N. , Arunakaran J.
Published: August 2014

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased over the past years.
Protective effects of garcinol on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Hung Wei-Lun , Tsai Mei-Ling , Sun Pei-Pei , Tsai Chen-Yu , Yang Chin-Chou , Ho Chi-Tang , Cheng An-Chin , Pan Min-Hsiung
Published: August 2014

Garcinol markedly reduced DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
Ameliorative effect of black rice anthocyanin on senescent mice induced byd-galactose
Authors: Lu Xiaoling , Zhou Yanhua , Wu Tao , Hao Lei
Published: August 2014

This study investigated the ameliorative effect of black rice anthocyanin (BACN) in senescent mice induced byd-galactose.
Synthesis of a quantum nanocrystal–gold nanoshell complex for near-infrared generated fluorescence and photothermal decay of luminescence
Authors: Lin Adam Y. , Young Joseph K. , Nixon Ariel V. , Drezek Rebekah A.
Published: August 2014

A theranostic plasmonically active nanoparticle complex surrounded by quantum nanocrystals to aid satellite tumor localization and ablative confirmation.
A new approach to asymmetric synthesis of infectocaryone
Authors: Liu Xiubing , Hu Lingling , Liu Xiaojing , Jia Junhao , Jiang Lizhen , Lin Jiangfeng , Chen Xiaochuan
Published: August 2014

A new approach to the asymmetric synthesis of infectocaryone featuring a regioselective and stereoselective Diels–Alder reaction of an isomeric dienophile mixture is developed.
Condition screening and process investigation of aldose transformation in borate-containing acidic phosphate buffer system under microwave irradiation
Authors: Yan Yani , Wu Qingbin , Guo Xiao , Lu Jinhua , Li Zhen Hua , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: August 2014

The aldose transformation process in borate-containing acidic phosphate buffer system is systematically studied under microwave irradiation.
In situ graft copolymerization of l-lactide onto cellulose and the direct melt spinning
Authors: Zhang Yue , Li Xinda , Yang Yanping , Lan Ai , He Xiaoyun , Yu Muhuo
Published: August 2014

In order to prepare bio-degradable cellulose-based fibers in an environmentally-friendly way, graft copolymerization of l-lactide (LLA) onto cellulose was carried out through a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and then the blend melt was directly spun.
Direct evidence of a conversion mechanism in a NiSnO3 anode for lithium ion battery application
Authors: Fu Lijun , Song Kepeng , Li Xifei , van Aken Peter A. , Wang Chunlei , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan
Published: August 2014

The ‘self-matrix’ function of NiSnO3 as an anode in Li-ion batteries has been investigated via ex situ TEM and SAED.
New technology for post-combustion abatement of carbon dioxide via an in situ generated superoxide anion-radical
Authors: Stoin Uri , Barnea Zach , Sasson Yoel
Published: August 2014

A novel chemistry for the efficient abatement of carbon dioxideviaswift nucleophilic attack by superoxide anions is disclosed.
Improving thermal conductivity and decreasing supercooling of paraffin phase change materials by n-octadecylamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tang Qianqiu , Sun Jun , Yu Shuangmin , Wang Gengchao
Published: August 2014

N-Octadecylamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) are introduced to paraffin to improve the thermal conductivity and decrease supercooling of phase change materials.
Distinct mechanical properties of nanoparticle-tethering polymers
Authors: Jiang Tao , Wang Liquan , Lin Jiaping
Published: August 2014

Nanoparticle-tethering polymers exhibit enhanced mechanical properties relative to neat polymers and nanoparticle/polymer blends.
Amination of enzymes to improve biocatalyst performance: coupling genetic modification and physicochemical tools
Authors: Rodrigues Rafael C. , Barbosa Oveimar , Ortiz Claudia , Berenguer-Murcia Ángel , Torres Rodrigo , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: August 2014

Improvement of the features of an enzyme is in many instances a pre-requisite for the industrial implementation of these exceedingly interesting biocatalysts.
In vitro investigation of domain specific interactions of phenothiazine dye with serum proteins by spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches
Authors: Sharma Arumugam Selva , Anandakumar Shanmugam , Ilanchelian Malaichamy
Published: August 2014

In the present study the interaction of the chemotherapeutic agent, Azure A (AZA) with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was investigated by multi spectroscopic and molecular docking methods.
OneG-Vali: a computational tool for detecting, estimating and validating cryptic intermediates of proteins under native conditions
Authors: Richa Tambi , Sivaraman Thirunavukkarasu
Published: August 2014

Unfolding pathway of T4 lysozyme under native conditions as predicted by the OneG-Vali has been illustrated. Also, structural contexts of various states (native (N), cryptic intermediates (CIs) and unfolded (U) conformations) of the protein and the population of three CIs are depicted.
Generation of oxygen vacancies in visible light activated one-dimensional iodine TiO2 photocatalysts
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Liang Robert , Hu Anming , Huang Zhaohui , Zhou Y. Norman
Published: August 2014

Oxygen vacancies induced by multi-valences of iodine in two-step hydrothermal synthesized I/TiO2 with enhanced visible photoactivity.
A simple method for fabricating silver nanotubes
Authors: Kumar A. , Doradla P. , Narkhede M. , Li L. , Samuelson L. A. , Giles R. H. , Kumar J.
Published: August 2014

We report an easy and simple approach for making silver nanotubes (NTs) using electrospinning.
Economically viable sensitive and selective luminescent sensor for the determination of Au(iii) in environmental samples
Authors: Vasimalai N. , Rajalakshmi K. , John S. Abraham
Published: August 2014

An economically viable luminescent sensor for Au(iii) (detection limit of 1.0 pg L−1) was described in this paper using the 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMT) fluorophore.
5-Ferrocenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands: synthesis, palladium(ii) and copper(i) complexes, optical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Scottwell S. Ø. , Shaffer K. J. , McAdam C. J. , Crowley J. D.
Published: August 2014

Two 5-ferrocenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands were synthesised using the palladium(0) catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Palladium(ii) and copper(i) complexes of these ligands were synthesised and the optical and electrochemical properties of the complexes were compared to those of the “free” ligands.
Pd-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD): a step-economical synthetic alternative to access TPD-centred symmetrical small molecules
Authors: Chang Shan-Yun , Lin Po-Han , Liu Ching-Yuan
Published: August 2014

A viable synthetic alternative for the facile construction of various thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD)-based π-functional small molecules through direct C–H arylations has been demonstrated.
A highly sensitive and water soluble fluorescent probe for rapid detection of hydrogen sulfide in living cells
Authors: Li Xin , Gong Yanling , Wu Kai , Liang Steven H. , Cao Ji , Yang Bo , Hu Yongzhou , Han Yifeng
Published: August 2014

A highly water soluble fluorescent probe has been exploited for the rapid detection of hydrogen sulfide in live cells.
V2O5/functionalized MWCNT hybrid nanocomposite: the fabrication and its enhanced supercapacitive performance
Authors: Saravanakumar Balakrishnan , Purushothaman Kamatchi Kamaraj , Muralidharan Gopalan
Published: August 2014

The unique network structure of V2O5/f-MWCNT hybrid nanocomposite provides facile pathways for ion transport and enhances the electrochemical performance.
Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of berberine immobilized modified cellulose material
Authors: Gade Chandrasekhar Reddy , Sharma Nagendra K.
Published: August 2014

This report describes the synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic studies of berberine immobilized modified cellulose materials, which could be a promising new biocompatible fluorescence material because berberine is a natural fluorescent molecule having important pharmacological aspects including selective binding with DNA G-quadruplex.
Facile fabrication and electrochemical properties of high-quality reduced graphene oxide/cobalt sulfide composite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Zhangpeng , Li Wenyue , Xue Hongtao , Kang Wenpei , Yang Xia , Sun Mingliang , Tang Yongbing , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: August 2014

A simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted wet chemical-synthesized rGO/cobalt sulfide anode exhibits high lithium storage capacity and excellent rate capability.
Morphology evolution during stress relaxation of cobalt films due to dissolution in electrolyte solutions
Authors: Luo Tianzhi , Guo Lian , Cammarata Robert C.
Published: August 2014

Unlike the stress relaxation of perfect cobalt film (the dotted cure), the relaxation of cobalt film with surface imperfections (such as black pin-holes in above insert) displayed irreversible characters and was suggested to be the result of cobalt dissolution in electrolytes, which could be eliminated by additives such as Cl−.
Tunable self-assembly of nanogels into superstructures with controlled organization
Authors: Xu Wei , Jin Weiping , Hu Ying , Liu Shilin , Li Bin
Published: August 2014

The tunable pH-dependent lysozyme/xanthan gum nanogels were fabricated under alkali-coupled thermal treatment conditions.
Host–guest complexation between 1,4-dipropoxypillar[5]arene and imidazolium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Gao Lingyan , Yao Yong , Dong Shengyi , Yuan Jiayin
Published: August 2014

Pillar[5]arene presented tunable binding ability with different imidazolium-based ionic liquids in chloroform.
Effect of graphene and carbon nanotubes on the negative active materials of lead acid batteries operating under high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation
Authors: Kumar S. Mithin , Ambalavanan S. , Mayavan Sundar
Published: August 2014

Graphene and CNTs have different impacts on the structural and electrochemical properties of lead acid battery NAM under HRPSoC cycling.
Natural-rubber-based flexible microfluidic device
Authors: Cabrera Flávio C. , de Souza João C. P. , Job Aldo E. , Crespilho Frank N.
Published: August 2014

This paper reports a new method developed to fabricate natural-rubber-based microfluidic devices (NRMDs) for optical and electrochemical applications.
The significance of implicit knowledge for learning and teaching chemistry
Authors: Taber Keith S.
Published: August 2014

This article discusses the nature of implicit knowledge, something which is considered to be highly influential in learning. The notion of implicit knowledge is important in conceptualising studies exploring student thinking and learning in chemistry, and in considering how the results of such studies should be interpreted to inform teaching. Research on cognition suggests that a good deal of the knowledge that people call upon in interpreting their world and making decisions is not accessible to conscious introspection. This has consequences in chemistry education research as individuals are not able to directly report implicit knowledge – so it can only be elicited indirectly. A corollary is that the results of many research studies reporting student conceptions in chemistry need to be understood as reflecting – at least in part – cognition drawing upon implicit knowledge. The distinction between explicit and implicit knowledge is an important one in understanding chemistry learning given that implicit knowledge operates automatically in cognition without deliberation. This suggests that strategies designed to counter students' alternative conceptions may need to be quite different when such ideas derive from the operation of implicit knowledge rather than students' explicit knowledge. The importance of implicit knowledge elements sometimes labelled as p-prims has been widely recognised in physics education research, and it is argued here that research into student thinking and learning in chemistry needs to take more account of the distinction between explicit and implicit knowledge elements if it is to better inform teaching. Research is needed to understand the repertoire and action of implicit knowledge elements active in chemistry learning. This will then facilitate the design of studies to test out teaching approaches that can recruit the most suitable implicit knowledge elements to support learning of canonical chemical ideas.
Full-dimensional potentials and state couplings and multidimensional tunneling calculations for the photodissociation of phenol
Authors: Yang Ke R. , Xu Xuefei , Zheng Jingjing , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: August 2014

Full-dimensional potentials and state couplings were developed for the photodissociation of phenol. We also present multidimensional tunneling calculations at the transition state on the shoulder of the first conical intersection.
Approach to universal self-similar attractor for the levelling of thin liquid films
Authors: Benzaquen Michael , Fowler Paul , Jubin Laetitia , Salez Thomas , Dalnoki-Veress Kari , Raphaël Elie
Published: August 2014

Nanofilm experiments combined with lubrication theory demonstrate how surface perturbations forget their shape in finite time and reach a universal attractor.
A highly flexible and substrate-independent self-powered deformation sensor based on massively aligned piezoelectric nano-/microfibers
Authors: Fuh Yiin-Kuen , Ye Jia-Cheng , Chen Po-Chou , Huang Zih-Ming
Published: August 2014

In this study, we demonstrate highly flexible and substrate-independent piezoelectric nano-/microfiber (NMF) arrays that have the potential to function as a self-powered active deformation sensor.
A new approach for rapid electrolyte wetting in tape cast electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Pfleging Wilhelm , Pröll Johannes
Published: August 2014

A dramatic acceleration of electrode wetting with liquid electrolyte was achieved by laser-assisted formation of capillary microstructures in cathode materials.
A semiconducting liquid crystalline block copolymer containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and nematic poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) and its application in bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Bhatt Mahesh P. , Du Jia , Rainbolt Elizabeth A. , Pathiranage Taniya M. S. K. , Huang Peishen , Reuther James F. , Novak Bruce M. , Biewer Michael C. , Stefan Mihaela C.
Published: August 2014

A liquid crystalline diblock copolymer P3HT-b-PHIC was synthesized and investigated.
Hierarchical amorphous nanofibers for transparent inherently super-hydrophilic coatings
Authors: Wong William S. Y. , Nasiri Noushin , Rodriguez Alexandra L. , Nisbet David R. , Tricoli Antonio
Published: August 2014

Inherent super-hydrophilic coatings, not requiring UV-activation, were synthesized by optimal electrospinning of amorphous TiO2 nanofibers with ultra-high specific surface area. Their mesoporous surface structure led to enhanced wettability and excellent anti-fogging properties that were preserved even up to three days of storage in darkness.
Synthesis and characterization of novel electrochromic and photoresponsive materials based on azobenzene-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester
Authors: He Li-hua , Wang Guo-ming , Tang Qian , Fu Xiang-kai , Gong Cheng-bin
Published: August 2014

Novel electrochromic and photoresponsive materials based on azobenzene-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester.
A novel method for non-transferrin-bound iron quantification by chelatable fluorescent beads based on flow cytometry
Authors: Ma Yongmin , Podinovskaia Maria , Evans Patricia J. , Emma Giovanni , Schaible Ulrich E. , Porter John , Hider Robert C.
Published: August 2014

The reliable measurement of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in serum has proved to be difficult and generally time consuming. We have sought a simple and fast method for such a determination. We adopted a fluorescence assay and designed a fluorescent dye with a chelating agent attached to sense iron. To avoid autofluorescence from serum samples, the iron probes were linked to beads and the autofluorescence could be separated and excluded from the measurement by flow cytometry due to the size difference between beads and serum proteins. Fluorescent beads containing both fluorescent and chelating moieties have been synthesized. The nature of the chelating function has been systematically investigated using four different chelators: bidentate hydroxypyranone, bidentate hydroxypyridinone, hexadentate hydroxypyranone and hexadentate hydroxypyridinone, each with different iron affinity constants. Competition studies demonstrate that the hexadentate hydroxypyridinone-based beads are capable of scavenging most of low molecular mass and albumin-bound iron but negligible amounts of iron from transferrin and ferritin. Serum samples from 30 patients with different types of disease and normal volunteers were measured. The concentrations of NTBI fall in the range −0.41 to +6.5 μM. The data have been compared with those obtained from the traditional ‘NTA’ method.
Three‐dimensional hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with controllable building units: hydrothermal synthesis, growth process and photocatalytic activities for organic dyes
Authors: Zhang Xian , Jiang Jinhui , Shi Weidong
Published: August 2014

Two different morphologies of three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with different building units (1D nanowires and 2D nanoplates) have been successfully synthesised through a simple hydrothermal synthetic approach, namely nanourchins and nanoflowers. Moreover, the comparative photocatalytic studies have shown that the photocatalytic activities of the nanoflowers are both 10% higher than that of nanourchins in the photodegradation of organic dyes Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B. This study might be a useful basis for the study of other metal oxides from the perspective of basic theory and practical applications.
Development of a cross-polarization scattering system for the measurement of internal magnetic fluctuations in the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Rhodes T. L. , Peebles W. A. , Crocker N. A. , Nguyen X.
Published: August 2014

The design and performance of a new cross-polarization scattering (CPS) system for the localized measurement of internal magnetic fluctuations is presented. CPS is a process whereby magnetic fluctuations scatter incident electromagnetic radiation into a perpendicular polarization which is subsequently detected. A new CPS design that incorporates a unique scattering geometry was laboratory tested, optimized, and installed on the DIII-D tokamak. Plasma tests of signal-to-noise, polarization purity, and frequency response indicate proper functioning of the system. CPS data show interesting features related to internal MHD perturbations known as sawteeth that are not observed on density fluctuations.
Using neutral beams as a light ion beam probe (invited)
Authors: Chen Xi , Heidbrink W. W. , Van Zeeland M. A. , Kramer G. J. , Pace D. C. , Petty C. C. , Austin M. E. , Fisher R. K. , Hanson J. M. , Nazikian R. , Zeng L.
Published: August 2014

By arranging the particle first banana orbits to pass near a distant detector, the light ion beam probe (LIBP) utilizes orbital deflection to probe internal fields and field fluctuations. The LIBP technique takes advantage of (1) the in situ, known source of fast ions created by beam-injected neutral particles that naturally ionize near the plasma edge and (2) various commonly available diagnostics as its detector. These born trapped particles can traverse the plasma core on their inner banana leg before returning to the plasma edge. Orbital displacements (the forces on fast ions) caused by internal instabilities or edge perturbing fields appear as modulated signal at an edge detector. Adjustments in the q-profile and plasma shape that determine the first orbit, as well as the relative position of the source and detector, enable studies under a wide variety of plasma conditions. This diagnostic technique can be used to probe the impact on fast ions of various instabilities, e.g., Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) and neoclassical tearing modes, and of externally imposed 3D fields, e.g., magnetic perturbations. To date, displacements by AEs and by externally applied resonant magnetic perturbation fields have been measured using a fast ion loss detector. Comparisons with simulations are shown. In addition, nonlinear interactions between fast ions and independent AE waves are revealed by this technique.
Energy level alignment at the methylammonium lead iodide/copper phthalocyanine interface
Authors: Chen Shi , Goh Teck Wee , Sabba Dharani , Chua Julianto , Mathews Nripan , Huan Cheng Hon Alfred , Sum Tze Chien
Published: August 2014

The energy level alignment at the CH3NH3PbI3/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) interface is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). XPS reveal a 0.3 eV downward band bending in the CuPc film. UPS validate this finding and further reveal negligible interfacial dipole formation – verifying the viability of vacuum level alignment. The highest occupied molecular orbital of CuPc is found to be closer to the Fermi level than the valance band maximum of CH3NH3PbI3, facilitating hole transfer from CH3NH3PbI3 to CuPc. However, subsequent hole extraction from CuPc may be impeded by the downward band bending in the CuPc layer.
A hierarchical-network-model based analysis of the market characteristics of China's photovoltaic enterprises
Authors: Sun Mei , Zhang Hui , Han Dun , Gao Anna
Published: August 2014

China's photovoltaic (PV) enterprises have experienced difficulties under the influence of the growth slowdown of international market and trade protectionism since 2012. In this paper, from a new perspective of building a hierarchical network model, by using the minimum spanning tree (MST) technique, the market characteristics of China's PV enterprises was researched. The economic distance in the MST was calculated by using PV enterprises' daily closing price of stocks during the years 2007–2013. With the analysis of the topology of hierarchical network, the community structures of the network are derived and some influential enterprises are identified. It is necessary for PV enterprises to deeply connect and cooperate with each other to cope with market risk. What's more, the key factors that affect the hierarchical network were also studied; the result indicates that assets expansion and the core technology competitiveness are important factors for the development of PV enterprises. In the end, some suggestions are put forward to promote sustainable development of China's PV industry.
Electrical double layers and differential capacitance in molten salts from density functional theory
Authors: Frischknecht Amalie L. , Halligan Deaglan O. , Parks Michael L.
Published: August 2014

Classical density functional theory (DFT) is used to calculate the structure of the electrical double layer and the differential capacitance of model molten salts. The DFT is shown to give good qualitative agreement with Monte Carlo simulations in the molten salt regime. The DFT is then applied to three common molten salts, KCl, LiCl, and LiKCl, modeled as charged hard spheres near a planar charged surface. The DFT predicts strong layering of the ions near the surface, with the oscillatory density profiles extending to larger distances for larger electrostatic interactions resulting from either lower temperature or lower dielectric constant. Overall the differential capacitance is found to be bell-shaped, in agreement with recent theories and simulations for ionic liquids and molten salts, but contrary to the results of the classical Gouy-Chapman theory.
Controlling the dipole-dipole interaction using NMR composite rf pulses
Authors: Baudin Emmanuel
Published: August 2014

New composite rf pulses are proposed during which the average dipole-dipole interactions within a spin ensemble are controlled, while a global rotation is achieved. The method used to tailor the pulses is based on the average Hamiltonian theory and relies on the geometrical properties of the spin-spin dipolar interaction. I describe several such composite pulses and analyze quantitatively the improvement brought on the control of the NMR dynamics. Numerical simulations show that the magic sandwich pulse sequence, during which the average dipolar field is effectively reversed, is plagued by defects originating from the finite initial and final π/2 rf pulses. A numerical test based on a classical description of nuclear magnetic resonance is used to check that, when these pulses are replaced by magic composite pulses, the efficiency of the magic sandwich is improved.
Study of wafer thickness scaling in n-type rear-emitter solar cells with different bulk lifetimes
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Wei , Xing Zhao , Sun Yun , Jia Rui , Jin Zhi , Liu Xinyu , Redwing Joan M.
Published: August 2014

In case of the n-type rear-emitter solar cell (n-RESC), wafer thickness scaling down has been studied and simulated under different bulk lifetimes (τbulk). The effect of minority-carrier lifetime of bulk τbulk on photovoltaic properties has been studied by using a symmetrical front-and-rear electrode structure, followed by a discussion of the physical mechanism. Simulation results show that by decreasing the wafer thickness, high energy-conversion efficiency can be achieved, even though a low bulk lifetime substrate is used, suggesting a cost-effective way to manufacture the high efficiency n-RESC. In addition, emitter saturation current density (Joe) of the n-RESC has also been extracted.
Thermodynamic stability and structures of iron chloride surfaces: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Saraireh Sherin A. , Altarawneh Mohammednoor
Published: August 2014

In this study, we report a comprehensive density functional theory investigation of the structure and thermodynamic stability of FeCl2 and FeCl3 surfaces. Calculated lattice constants and heats of formation for bulk FeCl2 and FeCl3 were found to be in relatively good agreement with experimental measurements. We provide structural parameters for 15 distinct FeCl2 and FeCl3 surfaces along the three low-index orientations. The optimized geometries for all surfaces are compared with analogous bulk values. Ab initio atomistic thermodynamic calculations have been carried out to assess the relative thermodynamic stability of FeCl2 and FeCl3 surfaces under practical operating conditions of temperatures and pressures. The FeCl2 (100-Cl) surface is found to afford the most stable configuration at all experimentally accessible gas phase conditions.
A microwave applicator for uniform irradiation by circularly polarized waves in an anechoic chamber
Authors: Chiang W. Y. , Wu M. H. , Wu K. L. , Lin M. H. , Teng H. H. , Tsai Y. F. , Ko C. C. , Yang E. C. , Jiang J. A. , Barnett L. R. , Chu K. R.
Published: August 2014

Microwave applicators are widely employed for materials heating in scientific research and industrial applications, such as food processing, wood drying, ceramic sintering, chemical synthesis, waste treatment, and insect control. For the majority of microwave applicators, materials are heated in the standing waves of a resonant cavity, which can be highly efficient in energy consumption, but often lacks the field uniformity and controllability required for a scientific study. Here, we report a microwave applicator for rapid heating of small samples by highly uniform irradiation. It features an anechoic chamber, a 24-GHz microwave source, and a linear-to-circular polarization converter. With a rather low energy efficiency, such an applicator functions mainly as a research tool. This paper discusses the significance of its special features and describes the structure, in situ diagnostic tools, calculated and measured field patterns, and a preliminary heating test of the overall system.
Dry demagnetization cryostat for sub-millikelvin helium experiments: Refrigeration and thermometry
Authors: Todoshchenko I. , Kaikkonen J.-P. , Blaauwgeers R. , Hakonen P. J. , Savin A.
Published: August 2014

We demonstrate successful “dry” refrigeration of quantum fluids down to T = 0.16 mK by using copper nuclear demagnetization stage that is pre-cooled by a pulse-tube-based dilution refrigerator. This type of refrigeration delivers a flexible and simple sub-mK solution to a variety of needs including experiments with superfluid 3He. Our central design principle was to eliminate relative vibrations between the high-field magnet and the nuclear refrigeration stage, which resulted in the minimum heat leak of Q = 4.4 nW obtained in field of 35 mT. For thermometry, we employed a quartz tuning fork immersed into liquid 3He. We show that the fork oscillator can be considered as self-calibrating in superfluid 3He at the crossover point from hydrodynamic into ballistic quasiparticle regime.
Marangoni waves in a two-layer film under the action of an inclined temperature gradient
Authors: Nepomnyashchy A. A. , Simanovskii I. B.
Published: August 2014

The development of the longwave deformational instability of a thermocapillary flow in a two-layer film under the action of an inclined temperature gradient is studied in the framework of the lubrication approximation. The stability boundaries with respect to different oscillatory modes are calculated by means of the linear stability theory. In a contradistinction to the case of a vertical temperature gradient, these boundaries strongly depend on the direction of the wave propagation. Numerical simulations of spatially periodic nonlinear regimes are fulfilled. It is shown that because of the anisotropy of the problem, the most typical kind of patterns is a traveling wave. For small inclination of the temperature gradient, temporally quasiperiodic waves are observed. A number of new three-dimensional traveling wave planforms is revealed.
A high-temperature, ambient-pressure ultra-dry operando reactor cell for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Köck Eva-Maria , Kogler Michaela , Pramsoler Reinhold , Klötzer Bernhard , Penner Simon
Published: August 2014

The construction of a newly designed high-temperature, high-pressure FT-IR reaction cell for ultra-dry in situ and operando operation is reported. The reaction cell itself as well as the sample holder is fully made of quartz glass, with no hot metal or ceramic parts in the vicinity of the high-temperature zone. Special emphasis was put on chemically absolute water-free and inert experimental conditions, which includes reaction cell and gas-feeding lines. Operation and spectroscopy up to 1273 K is possible, as well as pressures up to ambient conditions. The reaction cell exhibits a very easy and variable construction and can be adjusted to any available FT-IR spectrometer. Its particular strength lies in its possibility to access and study samples under very demanding experimental conditions. This includes studies at very high temperatures, e.g., for solid-oxide fuel cell research or studies where the water content of the reaction mixtures must be exactly adjusted. The latter includes all adsorption studies on oxide surfaces, where the hydroxylation degree is of paramount importance. The capability of the reaction cell will be demonstrated for two selected examples where information and in due course a correlation to other methods can only be achieved using the presented setup.
High-temperature degradation in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition Al2O3 surface passivation layers on crystalline silicon
Authors: Kühnhold Saskia , Saint-Cast Pierre , Kafle Bishal , Hofmann Marc , Colonna Francesco , Zacharias Margit
Published: August 2014

In this publication, the activation and degradation of the passivation quality of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layers with different thicknesses (10 nm, 20 nm, and 110 nm) on crystalline silicon (c-Si) during long and high temperature treatments are investigated. As indicated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, the concentration of tetrahedral and octahedral sites within the Al2O3 layer changes during temperature treatments and correlates with the amount of negative fixed charges at the Si/Al2O3 interface, which was detected by Corona Oxide Characterization of Semiconductors. Furthermore, during a temperature treatment at 820 °C for 30 min, the initial amorphous Al2O3 layer crystallize into the γ-Al2O3 structure and was enhanced by additional oxygen as was proven by x-ray diffraction measurements and underlined by Density Functional Theory simulations. The crystallization correlates with the increase of the optical density up to 20% while the final Al2O3 layer thickness decreases at the same time up to 26%. All observations described above were detected to be Al2O3 layer thickness dependent. These observations reveal novel aspects to explain the temperature induced passivation and degradation mechanisms of Al2O3 layers at a molecular level like the origin of the negative fixe charges at the Si/SiOx/Al2O3 interface or the phenomena of blistering. Moreover, the crystal phase of Al2O3 does not deliver good surface passivation due to a high concentration of octahedral sites leading to a lower concentration of negative fixed charges at the interface.
Air stable n-doping of WSe2 by silicon nitride thin films with tunable fixed charge density
Authors: Chen Kevin , Kiriya Daisuke , Hettick Mark , Tosun Mahmut , Ha Tae-Jun , Madhvapathy Surabhi Rao , Desai Sujay , Sachid Angada , Javey Ali
Published: August 2014

Stable n-doping of WSe2 using thin films of SiNx deposited on the surface via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is presented. Positive fixed charge centers inside SiNx act to dope WSe2 thin flakes n-type via field-induced effect. The electron concentration in WSe2 can be well controlled up to the degenerate limit by simply adjusting the stoichiometry of the SiNx through deposition process parameters. For the high doping limit, the Schottky barrier width at the metal/WSe2 junction is significantly thinned, allowing for efficient electron injection via tunneling. Using this doping scheme, we demonstrate air-stable WSe2 n-MOSFETs with a mobility of ∼70 cm2/V s.
Chemo-physical properties of renal capsules under ultraviolet-c exposure
Authors: Baghapour Sh. , Parvin P. , Reyhani A. , Mortazavi S. Z. , Mokhtari S. , Amjadi A.
Published: August 2014

The renal capsule tissue of lamb was irradiated with ultraviolet-C light and the treated samples were analyzed by uniaxial tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. It was shown that the skin cross-linking is dominant in low doses in accordance with the contact angle assessment. Conversely, the strong bulk degradation takes place at high doses. Similarly, the bulk cross-linking affects the mechanical tests as to enhance the stiffness at low doses, whereas strong degradation occurs at high doses that mainly arises from the strong bulk chain scission.