bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dannelse og ingeniørfaglighed
Authors: Christensen Steen Hyldgaard , Buch Anders
Published: September 2022

International interdisciplinary research on engineering education and practice (Christensen et al., 2007, 2009, 2019, and 2022 forthcoming) points to the fact, that the engineer’s understanding of the ‘social’ is underprioritized and discursively enacted as soft versus hard technical disciplines. As a result, it has often contributed to a cultural impoverishment of our lifeworld. Hence there is a need for a Bildung perspective in engineering degree programs. A perspective taking its point of departure in the democratic, cultural, and human challenges of society. The discourse on Bildung has primarily taken place in relation to the pedagogical professions, whereas the engineering profession has often been overlooked. In this contribution we make up for this by considering a contribution with potential for supplying a concept of Bildung suitable for the engineering profession and engineering degree programs. The article brings forth the social and ethical responsibility embedded in engineering work in democratic societies and calls to mind John Dewey´s democratic understanding of Bildung (Dewey, 2011 [1916]). The article projects, how this understanding of Bildung might offer an opportunity for rethinking engineering and engineering activity capable of contributing to democratic and responsible resolutions of societal challenges.
Sistemas alimentares, fome e insegurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil
Authors: Salles-Costa Rosana , Ferreira Aline Alves , Castro Junior Paulo , Burlandy Luciene
Published: September 2022

Fome, insegurança alimentar e nutricional, desnutrição, obesidade e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Questões complexas que influenciam a vida de milhões de pessoas no Brasil e no mundo e que foram potencializadas pelo contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. O livro joga luz sobre esse cenário a partir das perspectivas dos pesquisadores e nutricionistas Rosana Salles-Costa, Aline Alves Ferreira, Paulo Castro Junior e Luciene Burlandy. Segundo os autores, o volume foi elaborado com o intuito de corroborar o debate sobre os desafios e as reflexões pautadas na recente agenda científica sobre o tema. Em cinco capítulos, a obra aborda ainda uma concepção ampliada da chamada SAN: segurança alimentar e nutricional. Essa abordagem leva em conta a construção, ao longo dos anos, de uma política e de um Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil, formalizados na Lei Orgânica de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (Losan), além das redes organizadas da sociedade civil, das instituições acadêmicas e de segmentos de governos.
Bone marrow adipocytes drive the development of tissue invasive Ly6Chigh monocytes during obesity
Authors: Boroumand Parastoo , Prescott David C , Mukherjee Tapas , Bilan Philip J , Wong Michael , Shen Jeff , Tattoli Ivan , Zhou Yuhuan , Li Angela , Sivasubramaniyam Tharini , Shi Nancy , Zhu Lucie Y , Liu Zhi , Robbins Clinton , Philpott Dana J , Girardin Stephen E , Klip Amira
Published: September 2022

During obesity and high fat-diet (HFD) feeding in mice, sustained low-grade inflammation includes not only increased pro-inflammatory macrophages in the expanding adipose tissue, but also bone marrow (BM) production of invasive Ly6Chigh monocytes. As BM adiposity also accrues with HFD, we explored the relationship between the gains in BM white adipocytes and invasive Ly6Chigh monocytes by in vivo and ex vivo paradigms. We find a temporal and causal link between BM adipocyte whitening and the Ly6Chigh monocyte surge, preceding the adipose tissue macrophage rise during HFD in mice. Phenocopying this, ex vivo treatment of BM cells with conditioned media from BM adipocytes or bona fide white adipocytes favoured Ly6Chigh monocyte preponderance. Notably, Ly6Chigh skewing was preceded by monocyte metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, reduced oxidative potential and increased mitochondrial fission. In sum, short-term HFD changes BM cellularity, resulting in local adipocyte whitening driving a gradual increase and activation of invasive Ly6Chigh monocytes.
Repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor deficiency yields profound hearing loss through Kv7.4 channel upsurge in auditory neurons and hair cells
Authors: Zhang Haiwei , Li Hongchen , Lu Mingshun , Wang Shengnan , Ma Xueya , Wang Fei , Liu Jiaxi , Li Xinyu , Yang Haichao , Zhang Fan , Shen Haitao , Buckley Noel J , Gamper Nikita , Yamoah Ebenezer N , Lv Ping
Published: September 2022

Repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is a transcriptional repressor that recognizes neuron-restrictive silencer elements in the mammalian genomes in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. The identity of REST target genes and molecular details of how REST regulates them are emerging. We performed conditional null deletion of Rest (cKO), mainly restricted to murine hair cells (HCs) and auditory neurons (aka spiral ganglion neurons [SGNs]). Null inactivation of full-length REST did not affect the development of normal HCs and SGNs but manifested as progressive hearing loss in adult mice. We found that the inactivation of REST resulted in an increased abundance of Kv7.4 channels at the transcript, protein, and functional levels. Specifically, we found that SGNs and HCs from Rest cKO mice displayed increased Kv7.4 expression and augmented Kv7 currents; SGN’s excitability was also significantly reduced. Administration of a compound with Kv7.4 channel activator activity, fasudil, recapitulated progressive hearing loss in mice. In contrast, inhibition of the Kv7 channels by XE991 rescued the auditory phenotype of Rest cKO mice. Previous studies identified some loss-of-function mutations within the Kv7.4-coding gene, Kcnq4, as a causative factor for progressive hearing loss in mice and humans. Thus, the findings reveal that a critical homeostatic Kv7.4 channel level is required for proper auditory functions.
Kinesin-1, -2, and -3 motors use family-specific mechanochemical strategies to effectively compete with dynein during bidirectional transport
Authors: Gicking Allison M , Ma Tzu-Chen , Feng Qingzhou , Jiang Rui , Badieyan Somayesadat , Cianfrocco Michael A , Hancock William O
Published: September 2022

Bidirectional cargo transport in neurons requires competing activity of motors from the kinesin-1, -2, and -3 superfamilies against cytoplasmic dynein-1. Previous studies demonstrated that when kinesin-1 attached to dynein-dynactin-BicD2 (DDB) complex, the tethered motors move slowly with a slight plus-end bias, suggesting kinesin-1 overpowers DDB but DDB generates a substantial hindering load. Compared to kinesin-1, motors from the kinesin-2 and -3 families display a higher sensitivity to load in single-molecule assays and are thus predicted to be overpowered by dynein complexes in cargo transport. To test this prediction, we used a DNA scaffold to pair DDB with members of the kinesin-1, -2, and -3 families to recreate bidirectional transport in vitro, and tracked the motor pairs using two-channel TIRF microscopy. Unexpectedly, we find that when both kinesin and dynein are engaged and stepping on the microtubule, kinesin-1, -2, and -3 motors are able to effectively withstand hindering loads generated by DDB. Stochastic stepping simulations reveal that kinesin-2 and -3 motors compensate for their faster detachment rates under load with faster reattachment kinetics. The similar performance between the three kinesin transport families highlights how motor kinetics play critical roles in balancing forces between kinesin and dynein, and emphasizes the importance of motor regulation by cargo adaptors, regulatory proteins, and the microtubule track for tuning the speed and directionality of cargo transport in cells.
Where is that smell coming from?
Authors: Brudner Samuel , Emonet Thierry
Published: September 2022

Computational model reveals why pausing to sniff the air helps animals track a scent when they are far away from the source.
Implementation of Discretionary Accrual in Local Governments and Motivation of Local Government Incentives: Literature Review
Authors: Octariyani Eka , Gamayuni Rindu Rika , Dharma Fitra
Published: September 2022

This study is a literature review aimed at exploring the application of discretionary accruals and the motivation of Regional Incentive Funds (DID) received by local governments. Depreciation of fixed assets was chosen as a profit management technique used by local governments because fixed assets are the largest component of the balance sheet and involve the operational activities of local governments. There are not many studies that discuss the application of Discretionary Accrual by linking the incentives received in non-profit organizations, especially in Indonesia. Ferreira, Carvalho and Pinho [1] stated that there have not been many earnings management studies conducted by non-profit organizations so that there are still many research opportunities in this area, moreover there is no research related to earnings management in order to obtain subsidies or grants from the government [2].
Managing Digital Skills to Influence Intentions across Gender in Smart Senior Care Services Context
Authors: (TF) Yen, Tsai-Fa , Lin Pang, , Yingying Qiu,
Published: September 2022

China is facing aging population and digital divide problems. How to response the issue has become an important and emergent theme to the government and elderly institutes. The purpose of this study is ⅰ) to verify the current situations and the correlations of perceived digital skills, digital attitudes toward smart senior care services and willingness to use them among elderly people in an aging society; ⅱ) to analyze the mediating role of digital attitudes; ⅲ) to analyze the influence of gender differences on the relationship between variables; and ⅳ) to put forward suggestions. Data was collected by questionnaire survey and 403 valid respondents were received. Findings show that digital skills are the antecedents affecting digital attitudes and usage intentions. Digital attitudes act a partial mediating role between digital skills and usage intention, and the mediating effect is significant. Gender has significant differences in the relationship between digital skills and digital attitudes. Suggestion such as the government can consider the direction of publicity through traditional media and lectures, and strengthen the new media publicity policy was made.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Grain Yield Components in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Reddy Sirigireddy Ganga Maheswar , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Krishna Thupakula Venkata , Reddy Yeruva Venkata Subba , Sandeep Nalla
Published: September 2022

In the present study, "Correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield components in maize (Zea mays L.)," the aim was to estimate genetic variability, genetic advance, correlation, and direct and indirect effects of yield contributing traits on yield. According to the analysis of variance, all traits exist. Hence, the data on all the 16 traits which showed significant differences among the entries were subjected to further statistical analysis. GP-184 had the shortest grain yield per plant in comparison to other genotypes, whereas GP-87 had the highest grain yield. Grain yield per plant, ear height, plant height, and cob weight exhibited the highest genotypic coefficient of variation. Cob weight. Among the traits, grain yield per plant, ear height, plant height, cob weight, and cob length showed a higher phenotypic coefficient of variation. The traits ear height, grain yield per plant, plant height, number of cobs per plant, cob length, number of kernels per row, cob weight, number of kernels per row per cob, anthesis to silking interval, shank weight, and days to 50% silking exhibited the highest heritability. Plant height, grain yield per plant, ear height, and cob weight were traits that showed higher genetic advances. These traits included grain yield per plant, ear height, plant height, cob weight, cob length, number of cobs per plant, tassel length, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per cob, 100-kernel weight, anthesis to silking interval, cob girth, and shank weight that showed higher genetic advance as a percent mean. The correlation coefficient indicates there is a significant positive correlation between grain yield and cob weight, number of cobs per plant, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per cob, 100 kernel weight, cob length, cob girth, plant height, ear height, shank weight, and tassel length at the phenotypic level. Grain yield per plant significantly positive correlation with cob weight, number of cobs per plant, number of kernels per row, number of kernel row per cob, 100 kernel weight, cob length, cob girth, plant height, shank weight, ear height, tassel length at the genotypic level the phenotypic level, the traits cob weight, 100 kernel weight, and plant height had the greatest direct impact on grain yield per plant. The traits were cob weight, number of kernel row per cob, 100 kernel weight showed higher direct effect on grain yield per plant at genotypic level.
Streptomyces peucetius M1 and Streptomyces lavendulae M3 Soil Isolates as a Promising Source for Antimicrobials Discovery
Authors: Jha Vikas , Jain Tisha , Nikumb Divya , Gharat Yukta , Koli Joshua , Jadhav Namrata , Gaikwad Janavi , Dubey Pratiksha , Dhopeshwarkar Divya , Narvekar Shruti , Bhargava Agraj
Published: September 2022

The ever-increasing fatality due to the surge of drug resistance has demanded the development of therapeutic metabolites with novel modes of mechanism. Despite the discovery of new antimicrobials, antibiotic resistance is increasing at an alarming rate. The emergence of novel molecules is necessary for targeting the Multidrug (MDR) and Pan-Drug resistant (PDR) pathogens which are the principal cause of life-threatening infections. Streptomyces strains commonly found in the soil produce secondary metabolites which have outstanding potential for being an antifungal and antibacterial agent. This study aims to isolate, identify, and characterize Streptomyces strains isolated from soil and extract their crude metabolites to determine their hidden therapeutic property. Out of four isolates identified, Streptomyces peucetius and Streptomyces lavendulae have shown significant antimicrobial activity against test organisms. To further determine the activity of their extracts GC-MS analysis, and MIC, as well as radical scavenging activity, were determined. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of compounds 2,3-butanediol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone-4-carboxamide, and L-Lactic acid which are frequently associated with potent antimicrobial nature. The most vulnerable pathogen to M1 extract was Candida albicans with a MIC value of 7.8125 μg/mL while the susceptible bacteria to M3 extract included Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 3.90 μg/mL. The data obtained for antioxidant activity in the case of metabolic extracts M1 and M3 had an IC50 value of 43.17 µg/mL and 22.65 µg/mL respectively. The above findings hint at the unrealized potential of Streptomyces strains.
The use of symbol and metaphor in South Pacific counselling
Authors: Makasiale Cabrini
Published: September 2022

Western counselling theories and therapies have been the norm for viewing human nature. In the 1990s, there has been a movement to include the validity of cultural perspectives that are other than Western. There is also a challenge, I believe, to uphold both the Western and non-Western models of human development as of equal significance.
The intrapsychic organisations that influence how we process and experience the world are culture specific. There is an inner attitude and dynamic which I believe to be essential in any cross-cultural interaction. This is 'interpathy', (Augsburger: 1986). The use of symbol and metaphor in counselling Pacific Island clients is made effective by the context and attitude of interpathy that the therapist can maintain.
Reflections on the analytic mirror
Authors: Dodd Dale
Published: September 2022

The Myth of Oedipus may be regarded as the founding myth of psychoanalysis. Jungian contributions to the Oedipal literature remain less well known than contributions from Freudians. This paper attempts to survey some of the more important contributions by Jungian authors including Jung, Neumann, Campbell, Edinger and Gee as well as the Freudian psychoanalyst, Parsons, writing in a Jungian journal. It is hoped that this introduction to Jungian ways of appreciating the Oedipal myth may encourage dialogue between the two branches of psychoanalysis.
Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the most beautiful of them all
Authors: Bull Graham E
Published: September 2022

In the stories of Snow White, Narcissus, and other such tales, we see brilliant examples of identities based on imaginary features. These turn out to be narcissistic and ego-centred identities. The question for the psychoanalyst and therapist is, are there any other forms of identity? A close reading of Freud, informed by the psychoanalytic teaching of Lacan, shows us that there are. Using a Lacanian orientation in psychoanalysis in conjunction with a reading of the Samoan author Albert Wendt's book Sons for the Return Home, we see that there is a subjectivity that is also a cultural identity that is not based on a 'Westernized' idea of a strong ego.
Assessment of Disparities in Diabetes Mortality in Adults in US Rural vs Nonrural Counties, 1999-2018
Authors: Dugani Sagar B. , Wood-Wentz Christina M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Bailey Kent R. , Vella Adrian
Published: September 2022

Importance

US rural vs nonrural populations have striking disparities in diabetes care. Whether rurality contributes to disparities in diabetes mortality is unknown.

Objective

To examine rates and trends in diabetes mortality based on county urbanization.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this observational, cross-sectional study, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was searched from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2018, for diabetes as a multiple cause and the underlying cause of death among residents aged 25 years or older in US counties. County urbanization was categorized as metro, medium-small, and rural. Weighted multiple linear regression models and jackknife resampling, with a 3-segment time component, were used. The models included exposures with up to 3-way interactions and were age standardized to the 2009-2010 population. The analyses were conducted from July 1, 2020, to February 1, 2022.

Exposures

County urbanization (metro, medium-small, or rural), gender (men or women), age group (25-54, 55-74, or ≥75 years), and region (Midwest, Northeast, South, or West).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual diabetes mortality rate per 100 000 people.

Results

From 1999-2018, based on 4 022 238 309 person-years, diabetes was a multiple cause of death for 4 735 849 adults aged 25 years or older. As a multiple cause, diabetes mortality rates in 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000 were highest and unchanged in rural counties (157.2 [95% CI, 150.7-163.7] vs 154.1 [95% CI, 148.2-160.1];P = .49) but lower in medium-small counties (123.6 [95% CI, 119.6-127.6] vs 133.6 [95% CI, 128.4-138.8];P = .003) and urban counties (92.9 [95% CI, 90.5-95.3] vs 109.7 [95% CI, 105.2-114.1];P < .001). In 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000, mortality rates were higher in rural men (+18.2; 95% CI, 14.3-22.1) but lower in rural women (−14.0; 95% CI, −17.7 to −10.3) (P < .001 for both). In the 25- to 54-year age group, mortality rates in 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000 showed a greater increase in rural counties (+9.4; 95% CI, 8.6-10.2) compared with medium-small counties (+4.5; 95% CI, 4.0-5.0) and metro counties (+0.9; 95% CI, 0.4-1.4) (P < .001 for all). Of all regions and urbanization levels, the mortality rate in 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000 was higher only in the rural South (+13.8; 95% CI, 7.6-20.0;P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, US rural counties had the highest overall diabetes mortality rate. The determinants of persistent rural disparities, in particular for rural men and for adults in the rural South, require investigation.
Binary Hybridization Strategy toward Stable Porphyrinic Zr‐MOF Encapsulated Perovskites as High‐Performance Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Red to NIR Light‐Induced PET‐RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Xia Zhinan , Shi Bingfeng , Zhu Wenjing , Xiao Yang , Lü Changli
Published: September 2022

Stable binary nanohybrids based on all‐inorganic halide perovskite encapsulated in porphyrinic Zr‐MOF (PCN‐222) are constructed for photoinduced electron transfer‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization. The synergistic effect of perovskite and PCN‐222 endows the photocatalyst with high‐efficiency photogenic charge carrier separation and light absorption property. CsPbI3@PCN‐222 (20%) is finally screened out as the oxygen and solvent‐resistant photocatalyst for highly efficient photo‐controlled polymerization of conjugated and unconjugated monomers under red to near infrared (NIR) light with high monomer conversion and narrow molecular weight distribution well‐defined polymers (Đ < 1.20). Controllable polymers and ultrahigh molecular weight polymers (up to 1730000 g mol−1) are successfully obtained by chain extension and block copolymerization of various monomers. The constructed photocatalysts easily achieve excellent light and temporal control, and even show high MMA conversion with NIR light under a thick barrier.
Programmed Upregulation of HSP70 by Metal‐Organic Frameworks Nanoamplifier for Enhanced Microwave Thermal‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Wenna , Niu Meng , Chen Zengzhen , Wu Qiong , Tan Longfei , Ren Xiangling , Fu Changhui , Ren Jun , Gu Deen , Meng Xianwei
Published: September 2022

Thermotherapy can directly kill tumor cells whilst being accompanied by immune‐enhancing effects. However, this immune‐enhancing effect suffers from insufficient expression of immune response factors (e.g., heat shock protein 70, HSP70), resulting in no patient benefiting due to the recurrence of tumor cells after thermotherapy. Herein, a nanoengineered strategy of programmed upregulating of the immune response factors for amplifying synergistic therapy is explored. Metal‐organic frameworks nanoamplifiers (teprenone/nitrocysteine@ZrMOF‐NH2@L‐menthol@triphenylphosphine, GGA/CSNO@ZrMOF‐NH2‐LM‐TPP nanoamplifier, and GCZMT nanoamplifier) achieve excellent microwave (MW) thermal‐immunotherapy by programmed induction of HSP70 expression. After intravenous administration, GCZMT nanoamplifiers target the mitochondria, and then release nitric oxide (NO) under MW irradiation. NO inhibits the growth of tumor cells by interfering with the energy supply of cells. Subsequently, under the combination of MW, NO, and GGA, HSP70 expression can be programmed upregulated, which can induce the response of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and effectively activate antitumor immunotherapy. Hence, GCZMT nanoamplifier‐mediated MW therapy can achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect with the tumor inhibition of 97%. This research offers a distinctive insight into the exploitation of metal‐organic frameworks nanoamplifiers for enhanced tumor therapy, which provides a new approach for highly effective cancer treatment.
Size Effect in SnO2/Al2O3 Core/Shell Nanowires after Battery Cycling
Authors: Bürger Jasmin-Clara , Lee Serin , Penn Aubrey , Gutsch Sebastian , Kolhep Maximilian , Büttner Jan , Fischer Anna , Ross Frances M. , Zacharias Margit
Published: September 2022

Full utilization of the high storage capacity of conversion electrode materials as tin oxide (SnO2) in lithium‐ion batteries is hindered by the high volumetric expansion due to the high lithium storability which can lead to major cell damage and consequent safety issues. To overcome this issue, two promising approaches, nanostructures and buffer layers, are combined and evaluated. SnO2 nanowires (NWs) are coated with an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) buffer layer to investigate the combination SnO2–Al2O3. Strong differences in the crystallinity after cycling between the SnO2/Al2O3 core/shell NW‐based heterostructure and uncoated SnO2 NWs based on detailed structural analysis are shown via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and determination of the elemental distribution of tin, oxygen, lithium, and aluminum via energy‐dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy and energy‐filtered TEM in the as‐prepared and postmortem nanostructures. The core/shell NWs exhibit two different states after charge/discharge cycling, amorphous or crystalline, depending on the NW diameter; for the uncoated SnO2 NWs, only an amorphous postmortem structure is found. Additionally, differences in the elemental distribution for the amorphous and crystalline postmortem SnO2/Al2O3 core/shell NWs, especially for tin, are measured. Consequently, the structures and effects of the Al2O3 coating on the lithiation behavior of SnO2 NW‐based heterostructures are discussed.
Management of front line chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kutsch Nadine , Fink Anna Maria , Fischer Kirsten
Published: September 2022

Treatment options with targeted agents have changed the treatment landscape of CLL profoundly. Besides chemoimmunotherapy, treatment regimen approved for frontline therapy include continuous treatment with BTK inhibitors like ibrutinib and acalabrutinib or fixed‐duration regimen like venetoclax‐obinutuzumab with the approval of venetoclax‐ibrutinib to be awaited. Although these agents have usually manageable side effects, toxicities might limit choices for the individual patient. We here discuss latest trial data and propose a treatment algorithm for frontline treatment of CLL according to fitness and relevant genetic risk factors like IGHV mutational status and TP53 aberrations.
Precise Control of Selenium Functionalization in Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Enabling High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jianquan , Luo Siwei , Zhao Heng , Xu Xiaoyun , Zou Xinhui , Shang Ao , Liang Jiaen , Bai Fujin , Chen Yuzhong , Wong Kam Sing , Ma Zaifei , Ma Wei , Hu Huawei , Chen Yiwang , Yan He
Published: September 2022

Central π‐core engineering of non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs) is effective in boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Especially, selenium (Se) functionalization of NF‐SMAs is considered a promising strategy but the structure‐performance relationship remains unclear. Here, we synthesize two isomeric alkylphenyl‐substituted selenopheno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐based NF‐SMAs named mPh4F‐TS and mPh4F‐ST with different substitution positions, and contrast them with the thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐based analogue, mPh4F‐TT. When placing Se atoms at the outer positions of the π‐core, mPh4F‐TS shows the most red‐shifted absorption and compact molecular stacking. The PM6 : mPh4F‐TS devices exhibit excellent absorption, high charge carrier mobility, and reduced energy loss. Consequently, PM6 : mPh4F‐TS achieves more balanced photovoltaic parameters and yields an efficiency of 18.05 %, which highlights that precisely manipulating selenium functionalization is a practicable way toward high‐efficiency OSCs.
Challenges and Breakthroughs in Selective Amide Activation
Authors: Feng Minghao , Zhang Haoqi , Maulide Nuno
Published: September 2022

In contrast to ketones and carboxylic esters, amides are classically seen as comparatively unreactive members of the carbonyl family, owing to their unique structural and electronic features. However, recent decades have seen the emergence of research programmes focused on the selective activation of amides under mild conditions. In the past four years, this area has continued to rapidly develop, with new advances coming in at a fast pace. Several novel activation strategies have been demonstrated as effective tools for selective amide activation, enabling transformations that are at once synthetically useful and mechanistically intriguing. This Minireview comprises recent advances in the field, highlighting new trends and breakthroughs in what could be called a new age of amide activation.
Heteroatom‐Edged [4]Triangulene: Facile Synthesis and Two‐Dimensional On‐Surface Self‐Assemblies**
Authors: Chen Cheng , Lu Jiayi , Lv Yang , Yan Yuyi , Sun Qiang , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus , Wang Xiao‐Ye
Published: September 2022

Triangulenes have attracted enormous interest in organic chemistry and materials science, but suffer from their high instability towards oxygen. Embedding heteroatoms into triangulenes provides a new class of ambient stable materials for various applications. However, [3]heterotriangulenes have dominated the chemistry of heteroatom‐doped triangulenes, while their higher homologues have been rarely explored. In this work, we synthesize a new [4]heterotriangulene with three oxygen‐boron‐oxygen (OBO) segments incorporated into the zigzag edges. The planar geometry of the OBO‐doped [4]triangulene is demonstrated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Self‐assembly on metal surfaces reveals substrate‐dependent nanostructures, leading to different long‐range ordered 2D patterns on Ag and Cu substrates with negligible defects.
Enantiomeric NIR‐II Emitting Rare‐Earth‐Doped Ag2Se Nanoparticles with Differentiated In Vivo Imaging Efficiencies
Authors: Ding Qi , Zhao Jing , Zhang Hongyu , Li Chen , Sun Maozhong , Chen Chen , Lin Hengwei , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua , Xu Liguang
Published: September 2022

Here, chiral second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emitting rare‐earth doped silver selenide nanoparticles (R‐ or S‐Ag2Se:Nd/Yd/Er NPs) were fabricated, exhibiting circular dichroism peak at 850 nm and fluorescence peak at 1550 nm, with 145.7‐fold enhanced intensity compared to the reported Ag2Se NPs. Compared with S‐Ag2Se:Nd/Yd/Er NPs, imaging efficiency of R‐Ag2Se:Nd/Yd/Er NPs in living cells was significantly improved due to a higher cellular uptake rate and 927.7‐fold higher affinity. Furthermore, R‐Ag2Se:Nd/Yd/Er NPs reached at the tumor 2‐fold faster than S type of NPs in vivo. We discover that chirality leads to differences in the affinity between chiral Ag2Se:Nd/Yd/Er NPs and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) onto the surface of murine mammary carcinoma cell to cause different in vivo imaging efficiency. These results reveal that chiral Ag2Se:Nd/Yd/Er NPs have high photoluminescence intensity and high in vivo imaging efficiency reflecting wide applications in biomedical diagnosis.
Self‐reported cognitive impairments and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Results of a multinational survey
Authors: Ferguson Robert J. , Manculich Jessica , Chang Hsuan , Sareen Nikita J. , Snitz Beth E. , Terhorst Lauren , Bovbjerg Dana H. , Duensing Anette U.
Published: September 2022

Background

Cancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has long‐term effects on survivor quality of life, but CRCI research on patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is lacking. The aims of this study were to investigate CRCI and concomitant quality of life among patients with GIST.

Methods

An online survey was used to assess CRCI in adult patients with GIST using the validated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive‐v.3. Age, education, demographically indexed IQ, general health, and quality of life factors (e.g., fatigue, emotional distress) were also assessed. The online survey was administered through five international GIST and sarcoma support organizations.

Results

Over the 3‐month recruitment period, the survey was completed by 485 participants: mean age, 57.80 (SD, 11.51), median 5 years after diagnosis. A majority (63.91%) reported experiencing cognitive symptoms with a significant negative quality of life impact. Controlling for age, patients with GIST ≥5 years after diagnosis reported worse cognitive function than those <5 years after diagnosis (p < .05) but did not differ in educational level or IQ. Whereas longer term survivors were more likely to have been treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies, there was no observed association of TKI therapy with self‐reported cognitive impairments.

Conclusions

A majority of GIST patients report cognitive symptoms that have a negative impact on quality of life, with longer term survivors (≥5 years) tending to report more cognitive impairments. Given the success of TKI therapy to substantially increase overall survival of patients with GIST, addressing CRCI in clinical practice may improve long‐term GIST survivor function and quality of life.
Biocompatible Polycationic Silver Nanocluster‐Impregnated PLGA Nanocomposites with Potent Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Uroro Evelyn Osehontue , Bright Richard , Dabare Panthihage Ruvini L. , Bera Debkumar , Quek Jing Yang , Goswami Nirmal , Vasilev Krasimir
Published: September 2022

Ultrasmall cationic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently emerged as highly potent antimicrobial agents for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and their biofilms. However, the clinical application of these cationic AgNPs is hampered by their poor stability and high reactivity in solution, leading to uncontrolled release of toxic silver ions. An ideal platform featuring broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity and high biocompatibility that prevents overexposure to silver ions, is therefore highly desirable. Herein, we explored a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) as an effective carrier for the recently discovered polycationic silver nanoclusters (pAgNCs). These pAgNCs impregnated PLGA nanocomposites (pAgNCs@PLGA) were developed by water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W1/O/W2) emulsion method and characterized by various analytical techniques. Our experimental results reveal that pAgNCs@PLGA had spherical morphology with an average diameter of ∼188 nm and consists of multiple ultrasmall (∼2 nm) pAgNCs at the polymeric core. The minimum inhibitory concentration of pAgNCs for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be 6.9 μg/mL. After impregnation within PLGA, the antimicrobial efficacy of our pAgNCs against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa remained consistent, while the nanocomposites were biocompatible at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against both bacteria. The pAgNCs@PLGA nanocomposite developed in this work may present a path forward to bring these highly potent pAgNCs into medical practice.
Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression identifies genes associated with biological aging in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kim Bo‐Hyun , Vasanthakumar Aparna , Li Qingqin S. , Nudelman Kelly N.H. , Risacher Shannon L. , Davis Justin W. , Idler Kenneth , Lee Jong‐Min , Seo Sang Won , Waring Jeffrey F. , Saykin Andrew J. , Nho Kwangsik ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The acceleration of biological aging is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we performed weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules and dysregulated genesinvolved in biological aging in AD.

Methods

We performed WGCNA to identify modules associated with biological clocks and hub genes of the module with the highest module significance. In addition, we performed differential expression analysis and association analysis with AD biomarkers.

Results

WGCNA identified five modules associated with biological clocks, with the module designated as “purple” showing the strongest association. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the purple module was related to cell migration and death. Ten genes were identified as hub genes in purple modules, of which CX3CR1 was downregulated in AD and low levels of CX3CR1 expression were associated with AD biomarkers.

Conclusion

Network analysis identified genes associated with biological clocks, which suggests the genetic architecture underlying biological aging in AD.

Highlights

Examine links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) peripheral transcriptome and biological aging changes.

Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) found five modules related to biological aging.

Among the hub genes of the module, CX3CR1 was downregulated in AD.

The CX3CR1 expression level was associated with cognitive performance and brain atrophy.
A p‐curve analysis of the emotional Stroop effect among women with eating disorders
Authors: Enouy Sarah , Desrochers Jessica E. , Bossom Isabella R. L. , Tabri Nassim
Published: September 2022

Objective

A recent meta‐review of attentional bias research in eating disorders suggests that meta‐analyses and systematic reviews include many low‐quality and underpowered studies (Stott et al., 2021). As such, we examined whether published research examining the link between attentional bias, using the emotional Stroop task, and eating disorders among women with eating disorders has evidential value (ruling out selective reporting of a statistically significant effect) using a p‐curve analysis. A p‐curve analysis plots statisticall significant p‐values onto a curve from .01 to .05 to examine its distribution. We hypothesized that the p‐curve would be flat, indicating no true effect.

Method

The hypothesis, database search strategy, and data analytic approach were pre‐registered. The inclusion criteria were reports that compared control and eating disorder groups, reported inferential statistics, and that used body shape/weight or general threat target words.

Results

Fifty published reports were included in the p‐curve analyses. Unexpectedly, the half and full p‐curves were significantly right‐skewed, indicating evidential value. However, the results were not robust to the exclusion of the seven lowest p‐values and on average, reports were underpowered. There were also 18 reports with null results (they had a p‐value greater than .05), which precluded their inclusion in the p‐curve analyses.

Discussion

The findings suggest that most of the evidence from research examining attentional biases using the emotional Stroop task among women with an eating disorder or with elevated eating disorder symptoms is underpowered and so should be interpreted with considerable caution.

Public Significance

Concerns have been raised about the low quality of research examining attentional biases among women with eating disorders using the emotional Stroop task. In the current research, we observed that the evidential value of primary research reporting differences between women with and without eating disorders was equivocal and had low statistical power. These results can guide researchers towards conducting more rigorous research on attentional biases among people with eating disorders.
Estimating the self‐thinning boundary line for oak mixed forests in central China by using stochastic frontier analysis and a proposed variable density model
Authors: Long Shisheng , Zeng Siqi , Shi Zhenwei , Yang Shengyang
Published: September 2022

A suitable self‐thinning model is fundamental to effective density control and management. Using data from 265 plot measurements in oak mixed forests in central China, we demonstrated how to estimate a suitable self‐thinning line for oak mixed forests from three aspects, i.e., self‐thinning models (Reineke's model and the variable density model), statistical methods (quantile regression and stochastic frontier analysis), and the variables affecting stands (topography and stand structure factors). The proposed variable density model, which is based on the quadratic mean diameter and dominant height, exhibited a better goodness of fit and biological relevance than Reineke's model for modeling the self‐thinning line for mixed oak forests. In addition, the normal‐truncated normal stochastic frontier model was superior to quantile regression for modeling the self‐thinning line. The altitude, Simpson index, and dominant height–diameter ratio (/D) also had significant effects on the density of mixed forests. Overall, a variable density self‐thinning model may be constructed using stochastic frontier analysis for oak mixed forests while considering the effects of site quality and stand structure on density. The findings may contribute to a more accurate density management map for mixed forests.
Multiple Doris “kerguelenensis” (Nudibranchia) species span the Antarctic Polar Front
Authors: Maroni Paige J. , Wilson Nerida G.
Published: September 2022

Despite strong historical biogeographical links between benthic faunal assemblages of the Magellan region of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, very few studies have documented contemporary movement and gene flow in or out of the Southern Ocean, especially across the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). In fact, oceanographic barriers such as the APF and Antarctica's long geologic isolation have substantially separated the continents and facilitated the evolution of endemic marine taxa found within the Antarctic region. The Southern Ocean benthic sea slug complex, Doris “kerguelenensis,” are a group of direct‐developing, simultaneous hermaphrodites that lack a dispersive larval stage. To date, there are 59 highly divergent species known within this complex. Here, we provide evidence to show intraspecific genetic connectivity occurs across the APF for multiple species within the D. “kerguelenensis” nudibranch species complex. We addressed questions of genetic connectivity by examining the phylogeographic structure of the three best‐sampled D. “kerguelenensis” species and another three trans‐APF species using the protein coding mtDNA gene, cytochrome oxidase I. We also highlight alternative refugia uses among species with the same life history traits (i.e., benthic and direct developers) and for some species, extremely large distributions are established (e.g., circumpolarity). By improving our sampling of these nudibranchs, we gain better insight into the population structure and connectivity of the Antarctic region. This work also demonstrates how difficult it is to make generalizations across Antarctic marine species, even among ecologically‐similar, closely related species.
How do terrestrial wildlife communities respond to small‐scale Acacia plantations embedded in harvested tropical forest?
Authors: Wong Seth T. , Guharajan Roshan , Petrus Azrie , Jubili Jaffly , Lietz Robin , Abrams Jesse F. , Hon Jason , Alen Lukmann H. , Ting Nicholas T. K. , Wong George T. N. , Tchin Ling T. , Bijack Nelson J. C. , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Wilting Andreas , Sollmann Rahel
Published: September 2022

To offset the declining timber supply by shifting towards more sustainable forestry practices, industrial tree plantations are expanding in tropical production forests. The conversion of natural forests to tree plantation is generally associated with loss of biodiversity and shifts towards more generalist and disturbance tolerant communities, but effects of mixed‐landuse landscapes integrating natural and plantation forests remain little understood. Using camera traps, we surveyed the medium‐to‐large bodied terrestrial wildlife community across two mixed‐landuse forest management areas in Sarawak, Malaysia Borneo which include areas dedicated to logging of natural forests and adjacent planted Acacia forests. We analyzed data from a 25‐wildlife species community using a Bayesian community occupancy model to assess species richness and species‐specific occurrence responses to Acacia plantations at a broad scale, and to remote‐sensed local habitat conditions within the different forest landuse types. All species were estimated to occur in both landuse types, but species‐level percent area occupied and predicted average local species richness were slightly higher in the natural forest management areas compared to licensed planted forest management areas. Similarly, occupancy‐based species diversity profiles and defaunation indices for both a full community and only threatened and endemic species suggested the diversity and occurrence were slightly higher in the natural forest management areas. At the local scale, forest quality was the most prominent predictor of species occurrence. These associations with forest quality varied among species but were predominantly positive. Our results highlight the ability of a mixed‐landuse landscape with small‐scale Acacia plantations embedded in natural forests to retain terrestrial wildlife communities while providing an alternate source of timber. Nonetheless, there was a tendency towards reduced biodiversity in planted forests, which would likely be more pronounced in plantations that are larger or embedded in a less natural matrix.
Uplink transmission with multiuser scheduling in non‐stand‐alone cellular network using virtual MIMO system
Authors: Kukade Shweta , Sutaone Mukul S. , Patil Rajendrakumar
Published: September 2022

5G architecture allows the use of new radio alongside long‐term evolution‐A (LTE‐Advanced) and enables cellular mobile networks to handle extraordinarily high traffic volume data. The major challenge in current uplink data transmission systems is making resource blocks (RBs) available in a continuous form and assigning them to active users in an optimum manner to improve the system's spectral efficiency. The best N‐subset (BNS) minimization technique is suggested to identify the best of the best continuous chunks of RBs from the existing system bandwidth, followed by a modified recursive maximum expansion (RME) algorithm to assign RBs to users in the most optimal manner. The algorithm together is referred to as a multiuser uplink scheduler BNSRME algorithm. A constraint utility maximization problem is formulated to allocate RBs to UEs in the most optimized manner. Utility matrix is then converted into a weighted sum‐rate maximization problem allowing weights to be updated adaptively based on marginal utility values. In addition, a threshold limit is considered based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the BNSRME‐TH algorithm, which satisfies multiusers in terms of assigned resources and improves system performance, spectral efficiency, and throughput. This MU scheduling strategy is used in the 5G uplink non‐stand‐alone cellular network. The findings exhibit that the proposed multiuser algorithm increases system spectral efficiency by 31.65% in comparison with the existing opportunistic algorithms. It has been observed that the performance of the system is further increased by using the MU‐MIMO framework.
Fatty liver disease reverses the obesity paradox in chronic kidney disease stages 3–5: A follow‐up study of NHANES III
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Zhang Min , Wu Yinlian , Wang Mingfang , Zhu Yueyong , Lin Su
Published: September 2022

High body mass index (BMI) has been associated with better survival in patients with end‐stage kidney disease. Individuals with fatty liver disease (FLD) have a higher risk of chronic kidney disease. It remains unclear whether the survival benefit of high BMI in patients with chronic kidney disease is present when there is concomitant FLD. This study used the data set from the Third American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the corresponding survival data. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of BMI on mortality. A total of 12,445 participants were included. The prevalence of FLD was 39.8%. The median follow‐up time (with interquartile range) was 22.8 (20.8–24.8) years. During this period, 3749 (30.1%, 14.4 of 1000 person‐year) deaths were observed. Among these, 1169 (31.2%) died within the first 10 years. The Cox regression analysis showed that the BMI level was not associated with 25‐year mortality in patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), but 10‐year mortality was significantly lower in patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 than in those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was an independent protective factor for 10‐year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.691, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.559–0.856; p = 0.001). This protective effect of higher BMI was lost in patients with FLD (HR 0.884, 95% CI 0.585–1.335; p = 0.557) but persisted in the non‐FLD group (HR 0.625, 95% CI 0.479–0.816; p = 0.001). The survival benefit of overweight/obesity for patients with decreased GFR, which was attenuated by the presence of FLD, only existed in the first decade.