bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Predict-Observe-Write (POW) learning model to improve student’s understanding of concepts on the topic of fluids
Authors: Saputra O , Satriawan M , Hermanto I M , Habibbulah M , Rosmiati  , Lusiyanti D
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the POW model in improving students’ conceptual understanding of the topic of fluids. The research sample consisted of 25 students from Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The results of the data analysis showed that the average score on the initial test was 11.24, and the average score on the final test was 25.00. Analysis using N-Gain obtained a value of 83.74 or on the high criteria. Many students need to understand that hydrostatic pressure only depends on the depth of the fluid. Hydrostatic pressure depends on the specific gravity of the fluid and the depth of the fluid. Data analysis used the t-test using the SPSS application at a significance level of 0.05 with the prerequisite tests for normality and homogeneity. Sig obtained the results of the problem-solving statistical test. = 0.000 and understanding of the Sig. = 0.000 with the criteria to accept Ho if Sig. > 0.05 and reject H0 if Sig. < 0.05. Sig. Value < 0.05 so that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected with the conclusion that there is a significant increase in students’ understanding of concepts after applying the POW (Predict-Observe-Write) model assisted by virtual simulation. This is due to the virtual simulation-assisted POW model, which requires active students and facilitates students in learning and developing concepts.
Portable fluorescence spectroscopy for single-origin coffee authentication with 365 nm wavelength as excitation source
Authors: Yulia M , Analianasari  , Widodo S , Suhandy D
Published: January 2024

Specialty coffee with geographical indications (GI) labels has been regarded as one of the most expensive commercial coffee in Indonesia. In this research, we utilize a new approach to classify specialty coffee from Indonesia with different geographical origins using portable fluorescence spectroscopy. For samples, 80 coffee samples with 1 gram of each sample were provided: 40 samples of Gayo arabica coffee (origin: Gayo, Aceh), and 40 samples of Java Mocha robusta coffee (origin: Java). All coffee samples were subjected to the following sample preparation: roasting (at 200°C for 15 min), grinding, and sieving using mesh size 40 to obtain samples with a homogenous size of 420 micrometers. The extraction of coffee samples was done by using hot distilled water. After extraction and dilution, coffee samples were injected into the 10 mm standard cell. The fluorescence spectral acquisition was performed by using a GoyaLab fluorescence spectrometer. This spectrometer has four LED lamps with 365 nm peaks used as excitation sources. The principal component analysis (PCA) of preprocessed spectral data results showed that most coffee samples could be differentiated into two different clusters. The proposed method is easy, and affordable to be adopted by many coffee industries in Indonesia.
Work motion study on coconut tree climbing using a portable coconut climbing equipment
Authors: Dhafir M , Idkham M , Lubis A , Azrial P
Published: January 2024

Coconut tree climbing activities in general in the Aceh region are still carried out traditionally, namely climbing directly by coconut farmers which still rely on human labor which is classified as difficult and has a high risk in terms of work safety and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). The aims of this study were (1) analysis of posture and work movements in climbing coconut trees with a portable coconut climber, (2) a comparison of the level of comfort with a portable coconut climber and a traditional coconut climber. Tests are carried out subjectively and objectively, subjective tests are carried out based on perceived operator subjectivity complaints with the Nordic Body Map (NBM) while objective testing is based on the Range approach. of Motion (ROM) and using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The results of the range of motion analysis (ROM) show that traditional climbing has a higher risk of motion for the operator compared to climbing using a portable coconut climbing equipment. REBA work posture analysis shows that traditional climbing has an average score of 10-11 (very high risk), while using the REBA tool the average score is 4-5 (moderate risk). In the analysis of the Nordic Body Map (NBM), traditional climbing received 42 complaints while climbing equipment experienced 18 complaints of discomfort. Some ergonomic interventions are needed to increase safety and comfort in climbing coconut trees.
Adoption Level of Machine Tools Combine Harvester Innovation in Ujong Tanoh Village, Aceh Barat Daya Regency
Authors: Athaillah Teuku , Aulia Muhammad Reza , Shalwati
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine farmers’ adoption level towards combining harvesters on rice farmer groups in Ujong Tanoh Village, Setia District, Aceh Barat Daya Regency. The research sample used Sample Random Sampling amounted to 66 people. The data collection technique is a closed questionnaire that is structured (arranged) and contains questions that must be filled in by each respondent; the analysis method used in this study is a categorical method. Based on the results of research on the level of adoption of combined harvester innovations in Ujong Tanoh Village, Setia District, Aceh Barat Daya Regency can be categorized as follows: The level of adoption of innovations in the Awareness Stage (medium), Desire Stage (high), Evaluation Stage (medium), Trying Stage (medium), and Adoption Stage (high). Rice farmers have a good perception of the Combine Harvester. Farmers think that the use of a Combine Harvester can reduce labor costs, speed up harvest time, and get more optimal results. The findings can be utilized to support the promotion of policies and initiatives aimed at fostering the widespread adoption of agricultural machinery, including combined harvesters. These efforts are crucial in driving agricultural modernization and improving the overall well-being of farmers in Ujong Tanoh Village.
Study of adsorption isotherms on removal of Cu (II) solution using activated carbon of sugar palm fruit shell (Arenga pinnata)
Authors: Yulia Ruka , Husin Husni , Zaki Muhammad , Jakfar  , Sulastri  , Ahmadi
Published: January 2024

Sugar palm fruit shells (SPFS) are abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia especially in Aceh. It can be converted into activated carbon for heavy metal adsorption. This objective of this work is to study the maximum capacity of activated carbon derived from SPFS for copper ions adsorption. The sample size of 100 mesh was activated physically via heating at a temperature of 600 °C for 2 hours. The Cu (II) metal ions of 30, 70, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 ppm were prepared for the process. The prepared adsorbent was tested by adding a certain amount of copper sulphate concentration, 1 gr of adsorbent, and a contact time of 90 minutes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) used in this work. The copper ions were calculated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Both isotherm Langmuir and Freundlich models were utilized in this process. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was found to be the fittest model isotherm with the adsorption capacitity of Cu(II) of 4,66 mg/g, mg/g, n = 1.02 with R2= 0,97,9713. The activated carbon from sugar palm fruit shell has the potency being used for removal of copper contaminants.
Effects of solvent type and solid to solvent ratio in a butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) maceration process
Authors: Taufan D Q , Satriana  , Lubis Y M , Arpi N , Haryani S , Hafizah Y , Supardan M D
Published: January 2024

The butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) plant is one of flowering plants that grows a lot in Indonesia. Currently, the butterfly pea has been getting more attention as a natural coloring in the food industry and Butterfly pea flowers contain antioxidant which is derived from anthocyanin compounds which can be used as an alternative for coloring, the anthocyanins in the butterfly pea flowers can be extracted by a maceration method. The purposes of this study are to determine the effects of different type of solvent and ratio of solid to solvent on the resulted quality of the butterfly pea flowers extract. The factors in this study are the used types of solvents that is distilled water and tartaric acid solution, variations in the ratios of the solids to solvents (1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:10 g/mL). In this study, a randomized factorial groups design, an ANOVA and a DMRT were used to analyze the results of the research data. The results of the research on butterfly pea flowers extract showed the following values: degree of acidity (pH) 4.01, an antioxidant activity of 74.14% with the anthocyanin value of 1.94 mg/L. Based on the results, it is known that different types of solvents and the ratio of solids to raw materials affect the value of antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content in the butterfly pea flower extract produced.
Adapting grain crop seed threshing equipment for processing sesame for streamlining the mechanisation of post-harvest operations
Authors: Narayanan Ramadas , Bhattarai Surya , Tram Vu Hoan , Hunter Lewis
Published: January 2024

The process of threshing is crucial in separating seeds from harvested plants. Kimseed has recently developed the Multi-thresher CW09(b) for research labs and seed vendors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Kimseed’s threshing equipment for sesame and determine the optimal setting parameters. Laboratory experiments were conducted with varying levels of rotor speed and blade angle. The Kimseed multi-thresher proved effective for sesame when the rotor speed was between levels 6 to 8, and the blade angle was between levels 1 to 2. The highest capacity of 15.39 kg/h was achieved at the speed of level 8 and the blade angle of level 3. Blade angle level 1 resulted in better threshing efficiency than blade angles 2 and 3, with the threshing efficiency above 97%.
Modified atmosphere packaging for minimally processed papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Hasbullah Rokhani , Rubbi Rizky Tri , Pujantoro Lilik , Nelwan Leopold O.
Published: January 2024

This research aims to develop a mathematical model for respiration rate and gasses exchange in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and examine the effect of packaging materials of MAP on quality of minimally processed papaya. Minimally processed papaya of IPB 9 Calina variety was stored at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C for respiration rate measurement. The MAP of the fruits were carried out using plastic films of polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene stretch-wrap (PE). The results showed that the respiration increased with increasing storage temperature. The relation between respiration and storage temperature was described using the Arrhenius equation with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9189 for O2 consumption and 0.9881 for CO2 production. The packaging materials of LDPE and PE stretch-wrap provide a modified atmosphere effect in the package, while for polypropylene packaging did not reach steady conditions. The MAP using polyethylene stretch-wrap film was better in maintaining quality of the fruit. The MAP was designed with a product weight of 200 g, a packaging thickness of 20 μm and surface area of 0.0216 m2. The gas composition in the MAP was 7.2% O2 and 5.2% CO2 after 6 days of storage at 15 °C.
Performance Test, Noise, and Economic Analysis of Coffee Roasting Machines Rotating Cylinder
Authors: Lubis A , Almaghfirah S , Almanda M , Ratna
Published: January 2024

The roasting process carried out in this study was at the medium roast level, using a rotating cylindrical coffee roasting machine that used an electric heat source. This research aims to determine the performance and economic analysis of a rotating cylinder coffee roasting machine. Descriptive analysis in this study includes coffee roasting machine performance data (roasting temperature, moisture content, electrical energy requirements and noise) and economic performance data (NPV, IRR and BCR). The results of observing the performance of the machine obtained a roasting temperature of 205°C and a moisture content of 4.42%, in accordance with the Indonesian national standard (SNI) and the need for electrical energy in the heater was 3.18 kWh and in the motor of electric was 1.17 kWh. In this study, the noise analysis obtained showed the number 90 dB, which means it is less effective for operators in that environment. Meanwhile, the results of the economic analysis were obtained NPV, IRR and BCR respectively are IDR 225,363,266; 21.6 %; 5.18.
Pretreatment method standard normal variate (SNV) and baseline shift correction (BSC) on the NIRS-based soil spectrum for rapid prediction of soil nitrogen content
Authors: Mechram Siti , Ayu Ieke Wulan , Farni Yulfita
Published: January 2024

Enhancing agricultural production quality is a crucial role of nitrogen fertilization. Generally, the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer can promote plant growth, impart a more intense green hue to leaves and stems, and significantly augment biomass production. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers can result in substantial cultivation cost increase and serious environmental degradation. Hence, it’s important to regulate the nitrogen content within the soil. The primary goal of this research is to employ the NIRS technique to rapidly and eco-friendly predict soil nitrogen content. Soil samples were obtained from farmlands situated in the Aceh Besar district, with spectral data gathered within a wavelength range of 1000 – 2500 nm at 0.2 nm intervals.. NIRS and Partial Least Square (PLS) spectrum data were used to make a prediction model of the nitrogen harvesting element. The results showed that the PLS method with SNV (R=0,72) and BSC (R=0,73) pretreatment showed predictive model capabilities that were almost the same as the raw data (R=0,75), although there was a slight improvement, this suggested that nitrogen elements in Aceh Besar region have not or can use the model with the suggestion to increase the amount of data and improve the treatment of the soil harvester method so that the nitrous content elements present in the ground do not easily evaporate so as to provide better model prediction results.
IoT-enable smart agriculture using multiple sensors for sprinkle irrigation systems
Authors: Satriyo P , Nasution I S , F’Alia S
Published: January 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced considerable expansion and development in recent years, offering a multitude of prospects for technological progress in the agricultural sector, with the aim of improving efficiency and providing help to farmers on a global scale. This paper outlines the conceptualization and development of an smart sprinkle irrigation system that incorporates the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, leveraging the ESP32 platform. The aim of this study is to develop a smart irrigation-based internet of things utilizing multiple sensors for sprinkle irrigation system. This will be achieved by integrating several sensors to monitor and control the irrigation process. The facilitation of communication between the ESP32 device and the Blynk application simplifies the acquisition of irrigation data, initiation of plant watering, deactivation of the automated watering functionality, and generation of graphical representations derived from sensor measurements. The irrigation system that has been created encompasses three distinct ways, particularly manual, semi-automatic, and automatic. The manual irrigation method enables users to directly administer irrigation, but the semi-automatic method necessitates users to select the timing and length of watering. The automated approach employs irrigation systems that are capable of responding to soil moisture levels, triggering the activation of the pump when the moisture content decreases beyond a predetermined threshold. The device is equipped with a pH sensor that enables the monitoring of soil pH values, a critical factor in facilitating optimal plant growth and development. The system has the capability to present the rate at which water flows and the total amount of water utilized in a singular irrigation event, as well as to aggregate the water consumption across many irrigation instances. In general, the experiments demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the three irrigation systems, including the capability to manually initiate the pump.
Fabrication and characterization of polyether sulfone membrane with cellulose additive of oil palm empty fruit bunches for reducing iron content in water
Authors: Irsalina D , Syaubari  , Muhammad S , Rahmah K , Ikazuwanna
Published: January 2024

Fabrication of polymer-based membranes polyether sulfone (PES) which is hydrophobic which is easily experiences fouling and will a decrease in membrane performance with the addition of various organic additives from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) waste and dimethyl formamide (DMF) as solvents to look at the formation of Ultrafiltration membrane pores (UF). OPEFB additive concentration variations were 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% for each addition of 18% PES polymer. The manufacture of cellulose was alkalization, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The characteristics were carried out by the FTIR test to see the wavelength of OPEFB cellulose where at 1093.64 cm -1 there is a C-O functional group which proves the presence of cellulose in OPEFB, SEM, and porosity tests on the membrane. Membranes with polyether sulfone polymer are prepared by a phase inversion process. The results obtained by the flux values with variations in additive concentration and pressure variations of 0.5 %, 1%, and 1.5% obtained flux and rejection results (selectivity) using FeCl3.
Mapping the Distribution of Coffee Agroforestry in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fitri R , Simangunsong N I , Danniswari D , Taki H M
Published: January 2024

Land management by combining annual crops with seasonal crops is known as agroforestry. Agroforestry has a positive impact on watershed sustainability as it improves the watershed ecologically, economically, and socially. Coffee agroforestry is an agroforestry that incorporates coffee plants in their system. Coffee agroforestry in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed is spread across several sub-watersheds, but there is conflicting information related to the distribution and extent of agroforestry which results in no precise information on the coffee plants distribution. Therefore, this study aims to map the distribution and extent of coffee agroforestry in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed and identify the composition of the agroforestry system in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed. This study is done through satellite imagery interpretation and ground truth check of coffee agroforestry in the study area. The data are analyzed using descriptive qualitative method to describe obtained information on the coffee agroforestry from field observation. The results show that there are four sub-watersheds that have coffee agroforestry in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed, which are Cibulao, Cisuren, Cikoneng, and Rawa Gede sub-watersheds. Cibulao sub-watershed has a coffee agroforestry area of about 20 hectares, Cisuren has an area of about 32 hectares, Cikoneng has an area of about 5 hectares, and Rawa Gede has an area of about 5 hectares. In total, the coffee agroforestry areas in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed are approximately 62 hectares.
Adsorption Efficiency of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by Polyurethane Foam with the Fillers of Activated Tofu Waste
Authors: Sunartaty Rita , Muslim Abrar , Aprilia Sri , Mahidin
Published: January 2024

This research aims to develop a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent with solid tofu waste (TW) filler. TW was activated using NaOH at concentrations ranging from 0.2 M to 0.6 M. The PUF was synthesized by combining polyol with isocyanate. The TW PUF adsorbent was employed for removing Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that the adsorption efficiency of TW PUF-0.2 M for Pb(II) removal was 60.36%, while TW PUF-0.4 M and TW PUF-0.6 M showed the adsorption efficiencies of 63.26% and 61.39%, respectively. Similarly, the adsorption efficiency for Cu(II) removal was 62.45%, 65.93%, and 63.34% for TW PUF-0.2 M, TW PUF-0.4 M, and TW PUF-0.6 M, respectively. Despite the insignificance in the change of adsorption efficiency with NaOH concentration, the optimal activation concentration for TW was found to be 0.4 M. In conclusion, TW PUF adsorbent exhibits potential for adsorbing Pb(II) and Cu(II), and its production can contribute to minimizing the environmental impact of tofu waste.
The characteristic of a coastal landscape ecosystem at Simeulue Island, Aceh Province
Authors: Abus A F , Lubis T , Dewi H , Ganie R , Saputra N
Published: January 2024

The coastal landscape ecosystem is a sensitive part of the change, for better or worse. The damage that occurs in the area will have a very serious impact on the survival of the coastal landscape ecosystem. In addition, the coastal landscape has dynamic physical changes every time. The coastal landscape management system must consider its characteristics to achieve this sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the Simeulue Island coastal landscape ecosystem that provides a capacity for community needs. The knowledge and information on the characteristics found are very important for determining policy directions in the sustainable management of the coastal landscape of Simeulue Island. Simeulue Island was hit by a smong (tsunami) twice, in 1907 and 2004, and it impacted the coastal landscape ecosystem. This study used a survey method with stages consisting of preparation, inventory, analysis, and recommendations. The recommendation is to pursue an increase in the amount of coconut and mangrove vegetation. It is obvious that these types of plants overcome seawater abrasion and maintain the quality of water absorption on Simeulue Island.
Study of implementation of the eco-pesantren concept at Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin, Banda Aceh
Authors: Maulida S S , Nursaniah C , Sari L H
Published: January 2024

Environmental problems and the phenomenon of global warming that occurs raise awareness of the impact of the environment on sustainable development. It is very important to increase awareness and knowledge about the environment. One of them is through an educational approach in Islamic education institutions (Pesantren), through the application of the Eco-Pesantren concept. This study aims to examine the potential for implementing the Eco-Pesantren concept at Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin, Banda Aceh. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observations and interviews. The results of the study show that Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin has implemented several aspects of the Eco-Pesantren concept such as making eco-friendly Pesantren policies and involving students in eco-friendly practices even though it has not been maximized. The implementation of eco-friendly Pesantren can improve the quality of the Islamic environment and encourage environmental management activities that bring social and ecological benefits. Improvements in several aspects will provide a foundation for the implementation of the Eco-Pesantren concept. Through this implementation, Pesantren is expected to contribute an environmental education model to support sustainable development.
Assessment of Surface Layer Characteristic on Flexible Pavement Design Life
Authors: Jassem Nabil Habib , Jameel Mohammed Abid , Jaafar Esraa Kamal , Hacheem Zuhair Abd , Al-Ridha Ahmed S. D.
Published: January 2024

The surface, a layer directly under tire load, is often made of crushed aggregate, gravel, or recycled materials. In order to extend the operational lifetime of the road, the surface serves as higher properties of materials. The impact of performance for the surface layer on the design life was examined in this research. Employing the KENPAVE software, the study examined the impact of changing the thickness of the surface layer (2″, 2.5″, and 3″) and the resilient modulus (300, 400, and 500 ksi) on the expected service life of the flexible pavement for both repeated loads 30000 and 40000. The results show that the increased surface layer thickness lead to the increase in pavement design life for all resilient modulus and both repeated loads. The percentage of increase of design life of pavement grew as the resilient modulus grew (for all repeated loads). As resilient modulus of surface layer increased, so did the pavement design life increase. The percentage of increasing the design life of pavement results from increased resilient modulus was increased with the increasing thickness layer. The percentage of improvement the design life of pavement caused by increase of resilient modulus, increase with increase the surface layer thickness (for all repeated loads).
River capacity prediction based on flood discharge probability scenario and sediment transport consideration: Study Case in Sayung River
Authors: Pranatan Angga Yoga , Soekarno Indratmo , Moerwanto Arie Setiadi , Nugroho Eka Oktariyanto , Manurung Eko Jaya Putra , Sari Ika Kurnia
Published: January 2024

Pantura road at estuary of Sayung River is often flooded because it has a lower elevation than the river embankment. To avoid this, we must know the flood capacity of the river so that we can plan flood control and maintenance of river channels. Usually in flood prevention planning, it only design structure with unsteady flow model without sediment transport analysis. It is contrary with river nature because bed and river bank will easily erode, then transported as sediment and deposited in the lower reaches of the river. It makes river geometry will vary along with increasing of sedimentation. Therefore, capacity of the river will be analyzed with sediment transport using HEC-RAS 6.2 quasi unsteady flow model. Based on transport sediment simulation, sediment material deposition at Sayung River is 45,000 m3 every year. It makes river capacity decreased. Sayung River capacity is currently 242.15 m3/s, in 2023 is 200 m3/s, in 2024 is 185m3/s, in 2025 is 170 m3/s, year 2026 is 155 m3/s, in 2027 is 140m3/s, in 2028 is 120m3/s, in 2029 is 100m3/s, in 2030 is 77.5m3/s.
A quick assessment of patchouli nutrient stress on Inceptisols soil of Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Zuraida Z , Sufardi S , Helmi H , Jufri Y
Published: January 2024

Nutrient diagnosis can be a guide for optimizing growth through proper fertilization. This study aims to quickly evaluate the response of the patchouli plant to nutrient stress in Inceptisols. That was carried out through a greenhouse experiment consisting of 8 fertilizer nutrient treatments. Two treatments were used as control, namely without application of fertilizer (Co) and complete macronutrients (C). The other six treatments were the addition of complete macronutrients without N (C-N), -P (C-P), -K (C-K), -Ca (C-Ca), -Mg (C-Mg), and -S (C-S) respectively. The fertilizer dose used is half of the recommended dose (128.8 kg N; 25 kg P2O5; 84 kg K2O; 81 kg Mg; 117.4 kg Ca and 60 kg S ha-1). Experiment using a randomized block design with 3 replications. The patchouli seed tested was the local variety. Patchouli plant responses observed were plant height, number of main branches, leaf characteristics, and biomass. Fertilization treatment is not significant to the growth of patchouli. Treatment without fertilizer, complete without N, complete without K, and complete without P showed lower patchouli growth and production. Fertilizer treatment without N tends to show the lowest growth response on each parameter. Nitrogen is the main nutrient-limiting factor for patchouli plants in Inceptisols Aceh.
The effect of reducing starch bioavailability using organic acids on rumen fermentation and ruminant performance: A meta-analysis
Authors: Rahmadani M , Jayanegara A , Susanto I , Nahrowi  , Khotijah L
Published: January 2024

Starch is an important nutrient in ruminants as an energy source. Utilizing organic acids to reduce starch bioavailability offers a safer approach to sustainable ruminant health and productivity. However, the inconsistent results obtained from published studies necessitate integration through meta-analysis to determine the actual effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reducing starch bioavailability using organic acids on rumen fermentation and ruminant performance by meta-analysis. Hedges’ meta-analysis was conducted by using a random effect. A total of 14 articles were selected from the Scopus platform, with 23 comparative studies. This meta-analysis revealed that starch modification using organic acids influenced rumen fermentation. In vitro studies demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.01) in rumen pH and a reduction in ammonia (NH3) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) levels (p<0.01). Partial VFA components, including butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, and iso-valerate, also showed significant decreases (p<0.01). Total protozoa also obtained a significant decrease (p<0.001). Moreover, in vivo trials indicated ruminant performance with increased milk fat content (p<0.05). In conclusion, the intervention of organic acids for reducing the bioavailability starch in rumen is effectively optimizes rumen health by maintaining fermented products within the normal range and increasing ruminant productivity.
Development and yield of cormels gladiolus plant stimulated with paclobutrazol
Authors: Iriani F , Sitawati R , Rahmawati A
Published: January 2024

The application of paclobutrazol compounds in several types of horticultural crops is effective in stimulation the growth and development of tubers. Gladiolus plant (Gladiolus hybridus) is one of the ornamental plants that produce bulbs or corm and cormels as reproductive organs. The development of corm and cormels gladiolus plants has been stimulated by the concentration of paclobutrazol compounds through soil surface flushing after flowers are harvested, namely at the age of 66 days after planting. Using the single factor Randomized Block Design method with four concentration levels of pacrobutrazol compounds as treatment, namely, 0 mgL-1, 50 mgL-1, 100 mgL-1, and 150 mgL-1. Corm and cormels development was observed destructively in sample plants at regular intervals of five days as many as eight times, starting after a week of watering consisting of variable responses to the development of the corm diameter, the development of the number of cormels, the development of the diameter of the cormels, and the development of the plant root ratio. The data obtained are suspected according to regression fingerprints, and the curves obtained are compared with squeeze and alignment tests. The results showed that the diameter of the corm, the diameter of the cormels, and development of the plant root ratio treated with paclobutrazol compounds were better than without treatment, but the application of paclobutrazol treatment had no effect on the number of cormels. Obtained cormels with a diameter of > 1.5 cm is the desired final goal in this study, because the cormels have economic value as planting material to produce larger corm, then the next can be used as planting material to produce flowering corms.
The Use of Chitosan and Beeswax Coatings on Berangan Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) in Different Maturity Stages
Authors: Novita M , Husna N E , Alfiana D
Published: January 2024

The coating is a method of giving a thin layer on the surface of the fruit to inhibit the release of gas, water vapor, and direct contact with oxygen. Coatings can create modified atmospheric conditions that slow fruit ripening, browning and prevent water loss, which in turn delays spoilage. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of the type of coating material (chitosan and beeswax) and the maturity stages of bananas (full green skin, 25% yellow skin, and 50% yellow skin) on changes in the quality of barangan bananas during storage. Coating significantly affected weight loss, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and firmness. Bananas with chitosan coating had higher SSC and titratable acidity than bananas with beeswax coating, but had lower weight loss. The maturity stages of bananas had a significant effect on weight loss, total dissolved solids, total acid, and firmness, which also affected the storage time of barangan bananas. Bananas with a yellow maturity level of 50% had higher weight loss and total dissolved solids than bananas with full green maturity and 25% yellow maturity. The barangan bananas with full green maturity had a shelf life of up to 12 days, bananas with 25 % yellow skin had a shelf life of up to 8 days, and bananas with 50% yellow skin had a shelf life of 4 days at room temperature.
Analysis of spontaneous and biological fermented cassava flour for sourdough application
Authors: Zaidiyah Z , Abubakar A , Indarti E , Anwar S H
Published: January 2024

Mocaf is cassava flour produced through lactic acid fermentation or spontaneous fermentation. Mocaf can be utilised as a raw material in food processing, such as sourdough applications in the bakery sector, which typically depend on wheat flour. The bakery industry is currently also using sourdough as a natural yeast in bread production. The objective of the research is to determine the effect of the spontaneous fermentation method and using Lactobacillus plantarum for a certain time on the characteristics of the mocaf produced and applied to the manufacture of sourdough starter. The Unpaired Sample T-Test was used in the experiment design, with two types of treatment: spontaneous fermentation for 96 hours and fermentation utilising L. plantarum bacteria for 96 hours. Total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and pH were the parameters measured in immersed cassava fermented water. Fermented cassava flour was evaluated for ash content, crude fibre content, cyanide acid, lactic acid, protein, and starch. pH and development of liquid sourdough were also measured. A spontaneously fermented mocaf sample has a pH of 4.30, moisture content of 9.21%, an ash content of 0.83%, a protein content of 5.308%, a fibre content of 3.73%, lactic acid of 0.1204 mg/mL, HCN of 7.65 mg/Kg, and a starch content of 55.41%. The best mocaf has a pH of 4.25, 8.56% water content, 0.67% ash content, 6.125% protein, 2.50% fibre content, 0.123 lactic acid mg/mL, HCN 5.85 mg/Kg, and a starch content of 54.43%. Sourdough derived from mocaf with spontaneous fermentation had a pH of 3.31, while mocaf fermented with LAB had a pH of 3.28. The development of sourdough volume value for mocaf with spontaneous fermentation and using LAB was 61,4% and 86,45%, respectively. Mocaf produced by 96-hour treatment with L. plantarum bacteria exhibited better characteristics than mocaf produced by spontaneous fermentation treatment.
The adoption of combine harvester and its determinant factors for sustainable rice production in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia
Authors: Susanti E , Safrida  , Nabila N P , Iskandar E
Published: January 2024

Sustainable agriculture development relies on farmers’ ability to cope with the changes in agriculture development and technology. This ability depends on their knowledge and skills attained through various learning processes and communication. This research aimed to analyse innovation adoption rate and the determinants of farmers’ adoption. The innovation was restricted to the use of combine harvester technology in rice farming. Research was conducted by survey method to 120 farmers, selected by simple random sampling, in Sukamakmur Subdistrict. The level of adoption was measured by farmers’ awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption; while the determinants including access to information media, interpersonal communication ability and group interaction. The descriptive analysis was performed to analyze the adoption level and its determinants by score index in range 0-100 percent. The rank-spearman correlation analysis was used to show the relationship between adoption and its determinant factors. Results rated the level of combine harvester adoption as high, where 74.82 percent of farmers have adopted the machine. The adoption level of combine harvester has significantly correlated with farmers’ access to information media, interpersonal communication ability and group interaction. To increase the adoption rate, farmers need to have better access to gain an adequate and appropriate information of introduced technology.
The Properties of Acetic Acid Modified Breadfruit Flour-Dried Noodles Using Sweet Potato Leaf Extract
Authors: Lubis Y M , Arpi N , Zaidiyah Z , Nada Q , Rohaya S , Nilda C , Noviasari S
Published: January 2024

The high amount of breadfruit production is unbalanced with its low rate of consumption, which may be due to storage constraints. This can be remedied by converting it into flour, which can then be used to prepare a variety of foods, including cakes, bread, and dry noodles. Natural breadfruit flour has qualities that make it difficult to bind water and less fluffy. In order to improve the characteristics of the starch, we used breadfruit flour that had been chemically modified for this study. In order to improve the chemical composition of dry noodles, sweet potato leaf extract is also added. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the effect of substituting modified breadfruit flour for wheat and adding sweet potato leaf extract on the characteristics of the resulting dry noodles. These dry noodles were made with various proportions of modified breadfruit flour and wheat flour (20:80, 50:50, and 80:20) and concentrations of sweet potato leaf extract (0%, 5%, and 10%). With the addition of modified breadfruit flour, the water content, cooking time, and breaking strength increased, but the protein content decreased. The concentration of sweet potato leaf extract increased the values of protein content, crude fiber content, cooking time, and breaking power. The best dry noodle is made with a breadfruit-to-wheat flour ratio of 20:80, with 9.86% water content, 9.12% protein content, 8.87% crude fiber content, 60.97% antioxidant activity, 8.2% cooking loss, a cooking time of 3.27 minutes, a breaking strength of 14.25%, and color, aroma, taste, and texture scores of 3.69, 3.46, 3.58, and 3.69, respectively (neutral-like).
Increased yield and nutrient uptake of several rice lines by applying soil amendments to newly cultivated land
Authors: Irwan  , Muyassir  , Helmi
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil amendments and rice line on agronomic characters and nutrient uptake. The research was conducted in Bueng Tujoh (5o.50′5′14″N 95o47′67′36″ E), Atong village, Montasik sub-district, Aceh Besar district, from August to December 2021. This study used 3×6 factorial randomized block design with 3 replicates, consisting of 2 levels. There were 18 treatment combinations with 54 experimental plots. The main factors are three levels of soil enhancers consisting of A0 without soil amendments, A1 using biochar (20 t ha-1 or 4,8 kg plot-1), and A2 using manure (20 t ha-1 or 4,8 kg plot-1). The second factor was the rice lines which consisted of 6 lines: L1 (Inpari 42), L2 (C3), L3 (TG IRBB 27), L4 (15 E 1009), L5 (F1 C4 x KH), and L6 (Sigupai). The results showed that there are interactions between soil amendments and rice lines on parameters observed. The highest yield potential was found in Inpari 42 (4.92 t ha-1).
Status of Azotobacter at coffee arabica rhizosphere in Bener Meriah Regency of Aceh Province
Authors: Yusnizar Y , Syafruddin S , Hifnalisa H , Karim A
Published: January 2024

Coffee is one of the superior export commodity from agricultural sector in Indonesia. Arabica coffee produce especially from Aceh Province especially from Gayo High Land, one of these is from Bener Meriah Regency. One of limiting factor of production of arabica coffee in Bener Meriah Regency is N-total of soil is low. There are soil microorganisms can fixing N atmosphere, one of these is Azotobacter. Azotobacter can found in rhizosphere. This study aims to obtain status Azotobacter on arabica coffee rhizosphere that is the population of Azotobacter at different altitude and screening the capability of Azotobacter to increase N-total of soil. The soil samples used were taken from arabica coffee rhizosphere in Bener Meriah Regency at 800-1600 m MSL. The method used is the descriptive method to analyze the population of Azotobacter at different altitude and screening the capability of Azotobacter to increase N-total of soil. The result obtained that the highest population of Azotobacter was found at 800-1000 m MSL and the population of Azotobacter almost the same at 1000-1200, 1200-1400, and 1400-1600 m MSL. The result also obtained that three isolates of Azotobacter have capability to increace N-total of soil than that of control.
Feasibility investigation of using waste laminated packaging as bitumen performance enhancer
Authors: Fu Chaoliang , Liu Pengfei , Bornmann Manfred , Liu Quan , Chen Xiaozheng , Liu Kai
Published: January 2024

Millions of tons of laminated packaging are extensively utilized in aseptic food packaging due to its advantages in transporting and storing liquid foods, leading to the annual generation of waste laminated packaging (WLP). To address this concern, this study processes WLP recycled from milk and fruit juice packages into particles. The properties of WLP-modified bitumen were characterized through conventional and rheological tests, and the results were compared with those of the base bitumen. The tests reveal that the addition of WLP increases the softening point and peak force while decreasing penetration and ductility. Additionally, higher WLP content results in a larger modification index, higher failure temperature, lower non-recoverable creep compliance, and lower stress sensitivity. Furthermore, the stabilizing effect of low-density polyethylene in WLP, combined with the complete cross-linking of cellulose fibers, contributes to enhancing the fatigue life of the bitumen.
Subwavelength grating waveguide antenna based on interleaved groove structure
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Liu Pengfei , Ji Zhangjie , Ma Li , Shi Yiming , Xie Lu , Zhang Yiyi , Cheng Liwen
Published: January 2024

Integrated optical antennas are essential components of optical phased arrays for applications in light detection and ranging technology. To achieve larger detection distances, wider detection ranges, and higher scanning resolutions, it is imperative to employ millimeter-scale or longer effective lengths to achieve a narrow beam width, coupled with high radiation efficiency. In the high refractive index contrast silicon photonics platform, achieving a narrow far-field beam width and high radiation efficiency simultaneously is a formidable challenge. In the article, a subwavelength grating waveguide antenna with interleaved grooved lateral radiating block arrays is proposed. The simulation result shows that an effective length of about 3.3 mm is attained, with a corresponding far-field beam width is 0.02°, and a radiation efficiency of 0.785 at the wavelength of 1550 nm. It is also found that the crosstalk between the adjacent grating antennas designed in the range of 1.49 μm ∼ 1.61 μm is less than −15.6 dB.
Investigating the influence of peak internal air temperature (PIAT) on material characteristics of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) during rotational moulding
Authors: Umbare Vilas , Arakerimath Rachayya
Published: January 2024

In present study, six samples of ICORENE 1613 LLDPE fuel tank with homogeneous composition were analysed for six different PIAT values of 165 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C, 190 °C, 195 °C and 200 °C in the first stage. In the second phase of the study, the samples with optimum PIAT values were considered for the Tensile and Flexural strength study at different temperatures. Peak Internal Air Temperature (PIAT) values were obtained using the rotolog instrument, while the tensile and flexural tests were performed utilizing the Universal Testing Machine for accurate characterization of the material properties. The tensile and flexural strength were carried out at three different operating temperatures considering the tank will be subjected to variable operating conditions in real world exercise. The maximum value for both all the process parameters studied were observed at PIAT value of 195 °C, the same has been chosen for the further investigation. The failure data obtained from these two destructive testing will be helpful to mitigate the defects during the process. The tensile test results indicate that the LLDPE sample exhibits the maximum tensile strength of 17.3 MPa at 23 °C and the highest elongation percentage at failure, which is 182.7% at 80 °C. Moreover, the sample shows a remarkable flexural strength of 75.97 MPa at 23 °C, which is indicative of its superior ability to resist deformation under applied bending stresses.
δARD
loss for low-contrast medical image segmentation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Shen Xiaoyan , Chen Jiadong , Qian Wei , Ma He , Sang Liang
Published: January 2024

Medical image segmentation is essential to image-based disease analysis and has proven to be significantly helpful for doctors to make decisions. Due to the low-contrast of some medical images, the accurate segmentation of medical images has always been a challenging problem. The experiment found that UNet with current loss functions cannot capture subtle information in target contours or regions in low-contrast medical images, which are crucial for subsequent disease diagnosis. We propose a robust loss by incorporating the difference in average radial derivative (ARD), length and region area to further help the network to achieve more accurate segmentation results. We evaluated the proposed loss function using UNet as the base segmentation network compared to five conventional loss functions on one private and four public medical image datasets. Experimental results illustrate that UNet with the proposed loss function can achieve the best segmentation performance, even better than the outstanding deep learning models with original loss functions. Furthermore, three representative datasets were chosen to validate the effectiveness of the proposed δARD loss function with seven different models. The experiments revealed δARD loss’s plug-and-play feature and its robustness over multiple models and datasets.
Niosomes modified with a novel pH-responsive coating (mPEG-OA) enhance the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Osman Nawras , Omolo Calvin A , Gafar Mohammed A , Devnarain Nikita , Rambharose Sanjeev , Ibrahim Usri H , Fasiku Victoria O , Govender Thirumala
Published: January 2024

Surface functionalization of nanoparticles has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded nanosystems against drug-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize an acid-cleavable pH-responsive polymer from methoxy polyethylene glycol and oleylamine (mPEG-OA) to surface modify vancomycin (VCM)-loaded niosomes and to evaluate their antibacterial and anti-biofilm effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The novel mPEG-OA-coated niosomes were biocompatible, hemocompatible with size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 169.2 ± 1.6 nm, 0.21 ± 0.01 and −0.82 ± 0.22 mV, respectively. Under acidic conditions, mPEG-OA-coated niosomes exhibited a pH-responsive and sustained VCM release profile and in vitro antibacterial activity than non-coated niosomes and bare VCM. mPEG-OA-coated niosomes showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation at pH 6 compared to pH 7.4 (p = 0,0119). The in vivo efficacy of mPEG-OA-coated niosomes in the BALB/c mice skin infection model showed a 9.9-fold reduction in MRSA load compared to bare VCM. Histomorphologically, the mPEG-OA-coated niosomes group displayed the lowest bacterial load, tissue swelling, and inflammation. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of novel pH-responsive mPEG-OA-derived polymer coating to enhance bacterial killing kinetics, and antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacies over conventional antibiotic and non-functionalized nano delivery systems.