bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for a Sample of Children and Adolescents Receiving Psychological Treatment in Puerto Rico
Authors: Porrata Jose Luis , Rosa Abraham , Mendez Viviana
Published: August 2011

Personality questionnaire scores obtained by children and adolescents ( n = 28) receiving psychological treatment at a health facility in Humacao, Puerto Rico were examined. The scores were compared with those of regular school children of the same age, of Gurabo, Puerto Rico, who were not in treatment ( n = 30). The children in treatment obtained higher scores on Psychoticism, lower scores on Extraversion, and similar scores on Neuroticism and Dissimulation by comparison with regular students.
Validity and Reliability of the General Well-Being Schedule with Northern Plains American Indians Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Leonardson Gary R. , Daniels Mark C. , Ness Frederick K. , Kemper Erica , Mihura Joni L. , Koplin Brett A. , Foreyt John P.
Published: August 2011

The General Well-being Schedule is a brief indicator of subjective feelings of psychological well-being and distress. It is easy to administer, reliable, and valid, although its validity with American Indians has not been established. This study then assessed reliability, validity, and factor structure for a sample of 88 diabetic American Indians, who sought care for diabetes at an Indian Health Service hospital. Cronbach alpha was .89. A factor analysis indicated four dimensions. Adequate concurrent and divergent validity were noted in association with scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, the depression scale on the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and Family-Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, & Resolve. These results suggest that the General Well-being Schedule is a reliable and valid measure of general well-being for this population of American Indians.
Mental Health and Vitality among Canadian Women with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Feld R. , Colantonio A. , Yoshida K. , Odette F.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated scores for mental health and vitality in a large community-based sample of women with physical disabilities. The scores from two subscales of the SF-36 were collected from 1,096 women with physical disabilities through a mailed survey regarding health and well-being. These scores were compared to normative data using t tests. The mean scores of the vitality subscale were significantly lower than that of the normed sample when analyzed by age groups. The mental health scores were significantly lower as well, except for one age group (65-74 yr.). These results suggest that health care workers should address aspects of mental health and energy when caring for women with physical disabilities, as these areas are often overlooked in this population. Health promotion programs aimed at these topics should be designed specifically for this population as well.
Are Students' Perceptions of Parental Acceptance of Academic Dishonesty Associated with its Occurrence?
Authors: Koljatic Mladen , Silva Mónica , Ardiles Jorge
Published: August 2011

The study explored the association between the perceptions 175 Chilean business students held about their parents' acceptance of academic dishonesty and their self-reports of academic dishonesty. Regressing scores for parental acceptance onto self-reported academic dishonesty indicated it accounted for a small (2.2%) but significant amount of variance beyond demographic and academic performance variables. Effect size analysis based on structure coefficients indicated that parental acceptance was the second best predictor in the equation, suggesting that parental acceptance is a correlate that merits further study.
Toward a Career Development Model for Postbaccalaureate Premedical Programs: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Henry Paul
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the career maturity of 168 minority and disadvantaged premedical students upon entry into a medical education preparatory program. All took the Medical Career Development Inventory as a pre-assessment in the course. Students' scores identified three instructional groups: on, below, and above instructional level. A model for career intervention for postbaccalaureate premedical programs is presented.
Validation and Measurement of Perceived Environmental Threat as an Antecedent to Job Insecurity
Authors: Reisel William D.
Published: August 2011

The Perceived Environmental Threat scale was designed to measure perception of environmental sources of threat to an individual's job. A total of 276 managers responded to a survey to test the psychometric characteristics. Analysis supported the internal reliability and factor structure and anticipated correlations were observed with two measures of job insecurity. The Perceived Environmental Threat scale also demonstrated convergent validity as scores correlated positively with those on Anticipated Organizational Change which, generally, did not correlate significantly with trust, commitment, or role ambiguity, variables with which it was not expected to be related. The evidence was generally supportive of the overall psychometric properties, offering academic researchers and managers a useful means of evaluating perceived environmental threat.
Supervisors' Behavior during New Employees' Socialization: Scale Development
Authors: LaPreze Melody Waller
Published: August 2011

This study developed a 16-item scale to measure specifically the construct of Intended Socialization Behavior of the supervisor during new employees' socialization. Data were collected from 178 subjects representing six midwestern organizations. The organizations ranged in size from 100 to 1,001+ employees and represented multiple industries. The subjects included 74 subordinates (with less than 1 year tenure at the organizations) and 93 supervisors. Both the subordinate and the supervisor groups were predominantly male, and the subordinate group was primarily younger than the supervisor group.
Domestic Violence among Homosexual Partners
Authors: Cameron Paul
Published: August 2011

Is domestic violence more frequent in homosexual partnerships? The 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, based upon a random sample of 12,381 adults aged 18 to 59 years, estimated that 828,900 men and 828,678 women engaged in homosexuality in the prior 12 months. Random surveys indicated that at any given time, 29% of homosexual men and 32% of homosexual women are in same-sex partnerships. The National Criminal Victimization Survey for 1993 to 1999 reported that 0.24% of married women and 0.035% of married men were victims of domestic violence annually versus 4.6% of the men and 5.8% of the women reporting same-sex partnerships. Domestic violence appears to be more frequently reported in same-sex partnerships than among the married.
The Function of Phenomenal States: Is there Progress for the “Softer Problem” of Consciousness?
Authors: Morsella Ezequiel
Published: August 2011

The function of phenomenal states remains a mystery, primarily because of the prevalent, a priori view that these states serve no functional role. This note is a call to arms against this uncorroborated and counterproductive view, which continues to stifle research on the topic. It is proposed that, given what we know and can accomplish with the tools at hand, discovering the function of phenomenal states has become a tractable problem, easier than that of discovering the neural basis of these states—the “hard problem” of consciousness. A simple method that may unveil the function of phenomenal states is presented. It involves contrasting the task demands of conscious and unconscious processes.
Competitiveness and Economic Growth: A Test of Schumpeter's Hypothesis
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: August 2011

A study of 36 nations indicated that measures of economic growth for the period 1980–1995 were not predicted by scores of national samples in the mid-1980s on a measure of competitiveness.
Role Conflict of South African Women in Dual-Career Families
Authors: Naidoo Anthony V. , Jano Reyhana
Published: August 2011

162 female managers in dual-career families were surveyed about their perceived role conflict and support at home. While the majority expressed satisfaction with their careers, a significant proportion (72%) confirmed experiencing role conflict that impeded career development. Lack of husband's or partner's involvement in household chores was associated with role conflict. Involvement of the spouse or partner in household chores was also a significant correlate of the career aspirations of women in dual-career families. These female managers confirmed that, in spite of a current job meeting their career aspirations, role conflict was a major impediment to development.
Perceptions of the Ideal Mediator: An Israeli-Palestinian Example
Authors: Hare A. Paul , Ashhab Bassam Al , Kressel Gideon M.
Published: August 2011

Although research on mediation documents the ideal problem-solving strategy of the mediator, the steps involved in developing a successful mediating process, and the political and economic resources that facilitate mediation, there is usually no indication that the members of both sides might have different attitudes toward these variables and in particular toward the personality traits of the ideal mediator. Data that document the perceptions of Israeli Jews and Palestinians collected during the early phase of the intifada (uprising) in 2001 are used as an example. Although both groups indicated that a mediator should be task-oriented, the Israeli Jews wanted a mediator over three times as friendly as the one desired by the Palestinians.
Concurrent and Divergent Validity of the Spanish Form of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale
Authors: Tomás-Sábado Joaquín , Gómez-Benito Juana
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent and divergent validity of the Spanish form of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. A sample of 328 Spanish students responded anonymously to a questionnaire which, in addition to the Death Anxiety Scale, included the Spanish forms of two death anxiety scales and two scales of general anxiety. Although the correlations with measures of death anxiety were notably higher than those with measures of general anxiety, there were positive and significant correlations between scores on the Death Anxiety Scale and on all the other scales, denoting the concurrent and divergent validity of the Spanish form of the Death Anxiety Scale.
A Cross-Cultural Examination of Children's Understanding of “The Enemy”
Authors: Myers-Bowman Karen S. , Walker Kathleen , Myers-Walls Judith A.
Published: August 2011

Despite the apparent ease and regularity with which adults label individuals and groups as “the enemy,” little is known regarding how children understand this concept. The current qualitative study examined the concept of enemy as understood by 105 3- to 12-yr.-old children from two sides of an international conflict—Yugoslavia and the United States. This article provides an analysis of the children's answers during a structured interview regarding their understanding of enemies, specifically the perceptions of children in a war zone and the perceptions of children living in relative safety. Children of all ages could discuss the concept of enemy. They described both interpersonal and group conflict. A common theme in both Yugoslavian and U.S. children's descriptions was that an enemy is someone who is bad or does bad things. The children recognized the importance of at least two “sides” and discussed reciprocal or mutual feelings. In general, the children showed great optimism that one's enemies can become one's friends. These findings are interpreted in terms of developmental issues and sociopolitical context.
Obsession—Compulsion and its Relation to Age and Sex in Kuwaiti and American Students
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed , Lester David
Published: August 2011

To estimate the correlation between scores on obsession–compulsion and both age and sex, two studies were carried out with Kuwaiti ( n1 = 87, n2 = 460), and American ( n1 = 73, n2 = 273) undergraduates. The Arabic Obsessive–Compulsive Scale was used in both studies. Significant correlations were found for the Kuwaiti sample; however, these correlations were of low magnitude and have no practical value.
Parenting Styles and Academic Achievement in College Students
Authors: Joshi Anupama , Otto Amy L. , Ferris Jennifer C. , Regan Pamela C.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and college academic achievement. An ethnically diverse group of college students reported their GPA and responded to the Parenting Style Index. Parenting style scores were unrelated to college GPA. Additional analyses of ethnic groups indicated differences in maternal involvement and strictness and relationship of these variables to GPA.
Work Social Agency as a Function of Self-Esteem and Machiavellianism
Authors: Valentine Sean , Fleischman Gary , Godkin Lynn
Published: August 2011

Using a national sample of 127 legal, accounting, and human resource professionals, from 1,500 solicited, this study identified two dispositions related to social agency at work. After controlling for several individual factors, the analysis indicated that work social agency was associated with increased self-esteem and decreased Machiavellianism.
Variables Related to Graduate Students' Willingness to Forgive a Job-Related Transgression
Authors: Lee Sherman A. , Chard Kathleen M.
Published: August 2011

43 graduate students' willingness, within a hypothetical situation, to forgive a friend whose negligent actions negatively affected their chances of getting a job was examined. Self-actualization, age, and general interpersonal closeness were proposed as possible variables related to these students' ratings of willingness to forgive while-controlling for sex. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed this model predicted 23% of the variability in Forgiveness scores using self-actualization and age as significantly related to forgiveness in a positive direction, but with sex and general interpersonal closeness showing no significant relation.
Free Will, Determinism, and Punishment
Authors: Haynes Sandra D. , Rojas Don , Viney Wayne
Published: August 2011

Determinists were compared with weak, moderate, and strong libertarians with respect to philosophy of punishment. Data provided support for the contention that determinists are less punitive than libertarians.
Risks of the Consumption of Beverages Containing Quinine
Authors: Brašić James Robert
Published: August 2011

Although the United States Food and Drug Administration banned its use for nocturnal leg cramps due to lack of safety and efficacy, quinine is widely available in beverages including tonic water and bitter lemon. Numerous anecdotal reports suggest that products containing quinine may produce neurological complications, including confusion, altered mental status, seizures, and coma, particularly in older women. Psychologists need to inquire about consumption of quinine-containing beverages as part of an evaluation process.
Happiness of Asian Americans
Authors: Weaver Charles N.
Published: August 2011

Past surveys found a positive relation between job satisfaction and socioeconomic status, with Asian Americans scoring low and African Americans and Euro-Americans scoring higher. As job satisfaction is a component of happiness, the question arises whether this relationship holds for happiness in general. Responses of a sample of 499 Asian Americans, 24,432 Euro-Americans, and 2,828 African Americans were analyzed. For both sexes, Asian Americans rated happiness significantly higher than African Americans. The rated happiness of Asian American and Euro-American men was not significantly different, but Asian-American women rated happiness significantly lower than Euro-American women. Mean differences were less than one point.
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: The Turkish Version
Authors: Soykan Çiğdem , Özgüven Halise Devrimci , Gençöz TüliN
Published: August 2011

The present study aimed at establishing the Turkish version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. For this aim interrater, test-retest, and internal reliability coefficients of the Turkish version were assessed as well as its convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Subjects were 88 patients with the diagnosis of generalized social phobia, 40 patients with a diagnosis of anxiety disorders other than generalized social phobia, and 40 people had no diagnosis of psychopathology. All reliability assessments indicated good reliability. For convergent and discriminant validity, correlations of 3 scores (2 subscales and the whole scale) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were examined. Consistent with the expectations of the discriminant validity, correlations based on the whole sample were not significant. On the other hand, consistent with the expectations of the convergent validity, when patients with the diagnosis of generalized social phobia were considered, all the correlations were significant. Finally, the criterion validity of the Turkish version indicated that all 3 scores discriminated patients with the diagnosis of generalized social phobia, not only from the people who were free of psychopathology but also from the patients with the diagnosis of anxiety disorders other than generalized social phobia. Findings were discussed in the light of literature.
Using a Pants Alarm for the Treatment of Day Wetting: Problems with Compliance
Authors: Boelens Harrie , Van Den Broek Sandra , Beishuizen Jos
Published: August 2011

A treatment of day wetting was evaluated in four normally capable children (ages 4:9, 4:10, 6:3, and 10:1 years). The treatment combined the use of a pants alarm with rewards (praise and tokens) for urinating in the toilet. The treatment was effective for one child only. The others showed many instances of noncompliance (not wearing the alarm, wearing the alarm with loose contacts or with the contacts on places where they could not detect urine). Tactics for dealing with this are suggested.
Responsibility, Guilt, and Decision under Risk
Authors: Mancini Francesco , Gangemi Amelia
Published: August 2011

We hypothesize that individuals' choices (risk-seeking/risk-aversion) depend on moral values and, in particular, on how subjects evaluate themselves as guilty or as victims of a wrong rather than on the descriptions of the outcomes as given in the options and evaluated accordingly as gains or losses (framing effect). People who evaluate themselves as victims are expected to show a risk-seeking preference (context of innocence). People who evaluate themselves as guilty are expected to show a risk-averse preference (context of guilt). Responses of 232 participants to a decision problem were compared in four different conditions involving two-story formats (innocence/guilt) and two-question-options formats (gain/loss). Regardless of the format of the question options, the story format appears to be an important determinant of individuals' preferences.
Note on Knight's Analysis of the Wais—III Instruction Effect on the Matrix Reasoning Subtest
Authors: Charter Richard A. , Lopez Michael N.
Published: August 2011

Knight's 2003 analysis of the effect of the WAIS–III instructions on the Matrix Reasoning subtest was based on multiple t tests, which is a violation of conventional statistical procedures. Using this procedure significant differences were found between the group who know the subtest was untimed versus the group which did not know if the subtest was timed or untimed. Reanalysis of the data used three statistical alternatives: (a) Bonferroni correction for all possible t tests, (b) one-way analysis of variance, and (c) selected t tests with the Bonferroni correction. All three analyses yielded nonsignificant differences between means, thereby changing the conclusions of Knight's study.
Adequacy of an English Version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale Based on Back Translation and Testing Bilingual Subjects
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M.
Published: August 2011

An English version, a translation of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale written originally in Arabic, was prepared. Several cycles of translation and back translation were carried out. Bilingual Arab college students, studying English language and literature ( N = 74) responded to the two versions of this scale in counterbalanced order. The correlation between the two forms was .96 denoting high cross-language equivalence. The nonsignificant mean difference for total scores between the two versions was an indication that they functioned as equivalent stimuli. Thus, the English version of the scale is highly recommended for use with English-speaking subjects.
Reading Comprehension: Think and Know Verbs
Authors: Pepi Annamaria , Alesi Marianna
Published: August 2011

Verbs such as think, know, remember, and guess play a pivotal role in understanding, monitoring, and transformation of internal states. We focus on the specific words as think and know, polysemous cognitive verbs that show hierarchical organization and high frequency of use in children's and adults' lexicons. According to Booth and Hall's model, think and know present a conceptual organization that involves low conceptual levels (perception, memory, comprehension) and high conceptual levels (evaluation, metacognition, planning). The aim of this research was to study the relationship between children's comprehension of text processing and the conceptual levels of the above-described verbs. The research concentrated on 9-, 11-, and 13-yr.-old children's ability to understand think and know. Analysis yielded a strong relation between knowledge at the conceptual level of these verbs and reading comprehension skills. Moreover, it highlights the importance of this linguistic competence in skilled readers.
Weighted Specific-Category Kappa Measure of Interobserver Agreement
Authors: Kvålseth Tarald O.
Published: August 2011

When two observers classify a sample of items using the same categorical scale, and when different disagreements are differentially weighted, the weighted Kappa ( Kw) by Cohen may serve as a measure of interobserver agreement. We propose a Kappa-based weighted measure ( Kws) of agreement on some specific category s, with Kw being a weighted average of all Kwss. Therefore, while Cohen's Kw is a summary measure of the overall agreement, the proposed Kws provides a measure of the extent to which the observers agree on the specific categories, with both measures being suitable for ordinal categories because of the weights being used. Statistical inferences for Kws and its unweighted counterpart are also discussed. A numerical example is provided.
Further Development of the Temperament and Character Inventory
Authors: Brändström Sven , Richter Jörg , Nylander Per-Olof
Published: August 2011

The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.
Merging of viral concentration waves in retrograde viral transport in axons
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey
Published: August 2011

This paper develops an analytical solution describing propagation of two viral waves in an axon and applies the obtained analytical solution to investigating the dynamics of merging of these two waves as they move retrogradely toward the neuron body. The viral diffusivity and viral degradation are accounted for in the model. Computational results are presented for two situations: when all dynein motors move with the same velocity and when dynein motor velocity distribution is characterized by a probability density function (pdf). The effect of various model parameters on the time it takes for the waves to merge is discussed. It is proposed that observing the dynamics of wave merging can be used for determining parameters characterizing viral transport, such as the viral diffusivity. This may contribute toward better understanding of viral transport properties and potentially help in developing novel viral detection techniques.
An Art-Based Healing Process: the Aurukun Creative Livelihoods Project at the Wik and Kugu Arts and Craft Centre
Authors: Allain Guy
Published: August 2011

Objectives: This paper describes the challenges in implementing an innovative arts-based mental health project in a remote Indigenous community.

Method: The author (the Art Centre Manager) presents a personal narrative of the development of the Aurukun Creative Livelihoods project.

Results: A partnership between an existing arts and mental health project (Creative Recovery) and the Wik and Kugu Arts and Craft Centre is described. This collaboration aims to enhance the emotional and social wellbeing of vulnerable Aboriginal people in a remote Indigenous community in Cape York – Aurukun.
Enabling All Young Australians to Grow up Safe, Happy, Healthy and Resilient: A Collaboration for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing
Authors:   The Collaboration for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing
Published: August 2011

Objective: This paper describes a framework for a multi-disciplinary collaboration to investigate the role of technology for improving young Australians’ mental health and wellbeing.

Results: The poor mental health of young Australians poses a significant challenge to Australia's future. Half of all Australians will experience a mental health difficulty in their lifetime and 75% of mental illness has its onset before age 25. Cross-sectoral collaboration is critical for meeting this challenge. In order to establish a world-first multi-partner collaboration, leading researchers and institutes, commercial, non-profit and end-user organization and young people were identified and invited to participate. Together we have developed an international research framework that explores the role of technologies in young people's lives, their potential and how this can be harnessed to address challenges facing young people. This research framework will: (i) conduct empirical research that tests the utility of technology across mental health promotion, prevention, early intervention and treatment and, (ii) translate existing and new knowledge into products and services that help create a generation of safe, happy, healthy and resilient young people. Research undertaken by the Collaboration will be the most comprehensive investigation of technologies’ potential to improve the wellbeing of young people ever conducted, leading to significant benefits for Australian young people and their mental health.
Hip Hopping the Gap – Performing Arts Approaches to Sexual Health Disadvantage In Young People in Remote Settings
Authors: Crouch Alan , Robertson Heather , Fagan Patricia
Published: August 2011

Objective: Closing the gap in Indigenous health and wellbeing in remote settings in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Far North Queensland (FNQ) includes addressing a well-documented sexual health disadvantage among young people. Community mobilization around the underlying risk factors influencing sexual health is required.

Method: Performing-arts-based workshops were conducted in schools and after-school venues in four remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander locations in FNQ in early 2010, to initiate consciousness-raising around the real dimensions of youth sexual health risk. Specific objectives included strengthening operational partnerships at school-level and developing ongoing consultative processes in each location for sexual health reference group development.

Results: Results include a significantly strengthened productive partnership with primary and high schools in each location and sixteen production-ready hip hop songs exploring a range of physical, emotional and sexual health themes authored by the students and recorded on site. Additional outcomes included the willingness of community councils and civil society organizations to support local sexual health reference group activity.

Conclusions: This initiative, the Indigenous Hip Hop Project, although accompanied by opportunity costs including alternative, more core business uses of staff time and program budget, has demonstrated the power of tapping the creative energy of young people at risk and the potential for mobilizing communities to activism around sexual health disadvantage.
How Can Country, Spirituality, Music and Arts Contribute to Indigenous Mental Health and Wellbeing?
Authors: Guerin Pauline , Guerin Bernard , Tedmanson Deirdre , Clark Yvonne
Published: August 2011

Objective: Mental health and social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) have been linked as outcomes of attachment to country, spirituality, and engagement in music and arts, particularly for Indigenous Australians. It is not clear how this occurs, even though the links seem substantial.

Method: We explore how mental health and SEWB may be linked to attachment to country, spirituality, and engagement in music and arts by reviewing literature and presenting examples from our research with Indigenous communities. Rather than abstracting, our goal is to describe specific examples encompassing the rich contextual details needed to understand the factors contributing to mental health and SEWB.

Results: While engagement in music is often seen as benefiting mental health because thoughts and feelings can be expressed in less public ways, it can also lead to employment and access to economic and social resources. Attachment to country also shows a plethora of positive outcomes which can contribute to mental health and SEWB even when not explicitly aimed at doing so, such as reducing conflictual situations.

Conclusions: We conclude that more detailed, contextual research is required to fully explore the links between creative enterprises and mental health and SEWB outcomes.
Integrating Treatment for Mental and Physical Disorders and Substance Misuse in Indigenous Primary Care Settings
Authors: Nagel Tricia , Kavanagh David , Barclay Lesley , Trauer Thomas , Chenhall Richard , Frendin Jennifer , Griffin Carolyn
Published: August 2011

Objective: Australian Indigenous peoples in remote and rural settings continue to have limited access to treatment for mental illness. Comorbid disorders complicate presentations in primary care where Indigenous youths and perinatal women are at particular risk. Despite this high comorbidity there are few examples of successful models of integrated treatment. This paper outlines these challenges and provides recommendations for practice that derive from recent developments in the Northern Territory.

Conclusions: There is a strong need to develop evidence for the effectiveness of integrated and culturally informed individual and service level interventions. We describe the Best practice in Early intervention Assessment and Treatment of depression and substance misuse study which seeks to address this need.
Issues in Assessing Environmental Exposures to Manufactured Nanomaterials
Authors: Loux Nicholas T. , Su Yee San , Hassan Sayed M.
Published: August 2011

Manufactured nanomaterials (MNs) are commonly considered to be commercial products possessing at least one dimension in the size range of 10−9 m to 10−7 m. As particles in this size range represent the smaller fraction of colloidal particles characterized by dimensions of 10−9 m to 10−6 m, they differ from both molecular species and bulk particulate matter in the sense that they are unlikely to exhibit significant settling under normal gravitational conditions and they are also likely to exhibit significantly diminished diffusivities (when compared to truly dissolved species) in environmental media. As air/water, air/soil, and water/soil intermedium transport is governed by diffusive processes in the absence of significant gravitational and inertial impaction processes in environmental systems, models of MN environmental intermedium transport behavior will likely require an emphasis on kinetic approaches. This review focuses on the likely environmental fate and transport of MNs in atmospheric and aquatic systems. Should significant atmospheric MNs emission occur, previous observations suggest that MNs may likely exhibit an atmospheric residence time of ten to twenty days. Moreover, while atmospheric MN aggregates in a size range of 10−7 m to 10−6 m will likely be most mobile, they are least likely to deposit in the human respiratory system. An examination of various procedures including the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloidal particle suspension stability in water indicates that more sophisticated approaches may be necessary in order to develop aquatic exposure models of acceptable uncertainty. In addition, concepts such as Critical Coagulation Concentrations and Critical Zeta Potentials may prove to be quite useful in environmental aquatic exposure assessments.
Bioactive Peptides from Muscle Sources: Meat and Fish
Authors: Ryan Joseph Thomas , Ross Reynolds Paul , Bolton Declan , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , Stanton Catherine
Published: August 2011

Bioactive peptides have been identified in a range of foods, including plant, milk and muscle, e.g., beef, chicken, pork and fish muscle proteins. Bioactive peptides from food proteins offer major potential for incorporation into functional foods and nutraceuticals. The aim of this paper is to present an outline of the bioactive peptides identified in the muscle protein of meat to date, with a focus on muscle protein from domestic animals and fish. The majority of research on bioactives from meat sources has focused on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant peptides.
La politique scientifique à Berlin
Authors: Knobloch Eberhard Heinrich
Published: August 2011

En 1667, le grand électeur Frédéric-Guillaume de Brandebourg publiait un document qui annonçait la fondation d’une cité internationale universitaire de Brandebourg pour les sciences et les arts. Cependant, ce projet ne fut pas réalisé. À cette époque, il existait à Berlin la bibliothèque et le cabinet de raretés du prince électeur. Mais Berlin resta sans université jusqu’au début du xixe siècle. Le fils du grand électeur, l’électeur Frédéric III (devenu le roi Frédéric Ier de Prusse en 1701), établit la Société des sciences de Brandebourg en 1700 qui changea de nom à plusieurs reprises, mais qui existe encore aujourd’hui sous le nom d’Académie des sciences de Berlin-Brandebourg. Leibniz, qui en a élaboré les statuts, devint son premier président encouragé par l’épouse de l’électeur, Sophie-Charlotte. D’autres institutions scientifiques berlinoises ont vu le jour dans le courant du xviiie siècle : l’Observatoire (1709), le Théâtre anatomique (1713), le Collège médico-chirurgical (1724), le Jardin botanique (1744), l’Observatoire chimique (1753). Tandis que le nouveau roi prussien Frédéric-Guillaume Ier dédaignait l’académie leibnizienne, son fils Frédéric II – après l’avoir réorganisée – la baptisa « Académie royale des sciences et belles-lettres », de sorte qu’elle connut un apogée pendant son gouvernement.
Versailles et Philadelphie : Benjamin Franklin et André Michaux
Authors: McClellan III James E.
Published: August 2011

On ne peut véritablement parler de « politique scientifique », ni pour les colonies anglaises de l’Amérique, ni pour la nouvelle nation américaine indépendante de la fin du xviiie siècle. Néanmoins, pour la cour de Versailles et pour la politique scientifique française de l’époque – la plus développée du moment – cette région fut d’une grande importance.Dans cette intervention, l’exemple bien connu de Benjamin Franklin ne sera que brièvement évoqué, en tant que scientifique et homme politique, pour les liens qu’il sut tisser entre Versailles et Philadelphie. Le cas moins bien connu, mais plus révélateur, d’André Michaux (1746-1802), botaniste du roi envoyé aux États-Unis en 1785 et chargé de renvoyer en France les semis d’arbres américains, retiendra en revanche davantage notre attention.Pour comprendre la mission d’André Michaux pendant son séjour sur le sol américain jusqu’en 1796, il faut le situer dans le contexte de ce que François Regourd et moi-même avons nommé la machine coloniale, cette nébuleuse institutionnelle scientifique, technique et administrative, dévouée à l’expansion coloniale française. Cette machine intégrait toute une gamme d’institutions à son fonctionnement, y compris, dans le cas d’André Michaux, la Maison et les Bâtiments du roi à Versailles, les jardins du Trianon, le Jardin du roi à Paris, et le Jardin royal d’acclimatation à Rambouillet. Les deux jardins fondés par Michaux dans le New Jersey et en Caroline du Sud firent également partie, à leur manière, de cette machine coloniale et de la politique scientifique de la monarchie française.
Downward Social Mobility across Generations: The Role of Parental Mobility and Education
Authors: Alm Susanne
Published: August 2011

Intergenerational downward social mobility is an issue of growing relevance, but there are still very few studies examining possible risk factors for dropping down the occupational hierarchy. On the basis of unique longitudinal interview and register data from Sweden, this study analyses the roles played by parental upward mobility and parental levels of education in downward mobility. Elements from cultural capital theory (CCT) are investigated as possible mechanisms for explaining the relationship between independent and dependent factors. Whereas the study fails to find support for the role of parental mobility, the parents' level of education turns out to be a powerful predictor of downward mobility. And whereas the measure of cultural capital presents a weak or non-existent relationship with the dependent variable, two attitudinal variables, employed as indicators of habitus and a possible don Quixote effect, do present a significant relationship with the risk for downward mobility. However, while the study hypothesized these attitudes to be mediating mechanisms that might explain the relationship between parental educational level and downward mobility, in the multivariate analyses the attitudinal measures instead turn out to have an independent effect in addition to the parental level of education.
Is Social Mobility Really Declining? Intergenerational Class Mobility in Britain in the 1990s and the 2000s
Authors: Li Yaojun , Devine Fiona
Published: August 2011

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on social mobility in contemporary Britain among economists and sociologists. Using the 1991 British Household Panel Survey and the 2005 General Household Survey, we focus on the mobility trajectories of male and female respondents aged 25-59. In terms of absolute mobility, we find somewhat unfavourable trends in upward mobility for men although long-term mobility from the working class into salariat positions is still in evidence. An increase in downward mobility is clearly evident. In relation to women, we find favourable trends in upward mobility and unchanging downward mobility over the fourteen-year time period. With regard to relative mobility, we find signs of greater fluidity in the overall pattern and declining advantages of the higher salariat origin for both men and women. We consider these findings in relation to the public debate on social mobility and the academic response and we note the different preoccupations of participants in the debate. We conclude by suggesting that the interdisciplinary debate between economists and sociologists has been fruitful although a recognition of similarities, and not simply differences in position, pushes knowledge and understanding forward.
Modeling ionospheric foF2 by using empirical orthogonal function analysis
Authors:   E. A, Zhang D.-H. , Xiao Z. , Hao Y.-Q. , Ridley A. J. , Moldwin M.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. A similar-parameters interpolation method and an empirical orthogonal function analysis are used to construct empirical models for the ionospheric foF2 by using the observational data from three ground-based ionosonde stations in Japan which are Wakkanai (Geographic 45.4° N, 141.7° E), Kokubunji (Geographic 35.7° N, 140.1° E) and Yamagawa (Geographic 31.2° N, 130.6° E) during the years of 1971–1987. The impact of different drivers towards ionospheric foF2 can be well indicated by choosing appropriate proxies. It is shown that the missing data of original foF2 can be optimal refilled using similar-parameters method. The characteristics of base functions and associated coefficients of EOF model are analyzed. The diurnal variation of base functions can reflect the essential nature of ionospheric foF2 while the coefficients represent the long-term alteration tendency. The 1st order EOF coefficient A1 can reflect the feature of the components with solar cycle variation. A1 also contains an evident semi-annual variation component as well as a relatively weak annual fluctuation component. Both of which are not so obvious as the solar cycle variation. The 2nd order coefficient A2 contains mainly annual variation components. The 3rd order coefficient A3 and 4th order coefficient A4 contain both annual and semi-annual variation components. The seasonal variation, solar rotation oscillation and the small-scale irregularities are also included in the 4th order coefficient A4. The amplitude range and developing tendency of all these coefficients depend on the level of solar activity and geomagnetic activity. The reliability and validity of EOF model are verified by comparison with observational data and with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The agreement between observations and EOF model is quite well, indicating that the EOF model can reflect the major changes and the temporal distribution characteristics of the mid-latitude ionosphere of the Sea of Japan region. The error analysis processes imply that there are seasonal anomaly and semi-annual asymmetry phenomena which are consistent with pre-existing ionosphere theory.
La Biblioteca Acampada Sol
Authors: Santillán-Aldana Julio
Published: August 2011

Entrevista al Equipo Voluntario de la Biblioteca Acampada Sol - Bibliosol. Movimiento 15-M (Madrid, España)
Controlling sandwich‐structure of PET microcellular foams using coupling of CO2 diffusion and induced crystallization
Authors: Li Dachao , Liu Tao , Zhao Ling , Yuan Weikang
Published: August 2011

Controlling sandwich‐structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) microcellular foams using coupling of CO2 diffusion and CO2‐induced crystallization is presented in this article. The intrinsic kinetics of CO2‐induced crystallization of amorphous PET at 25°C and different CO2 pressures were detected using in situ high‐pressure Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and correlated by Avrami equation. Sorption of CO2 in PET was measured using magnetic suspension balance and the diffusivity determined by Fick's second law. A model coupling CO2 diffusion in and CO2‐induced crystallization of PET was proposed to calculate the CO2 concentration as well as crystallinity distributions in PET sheet at different saturation times. It was revealed that a sandwich crystallization structure could be built in PET sheet, based on which a solid‐state foaming process was used to manipulate the sandwich‐structure of PET microcellular foams with two microcellular or even ultra‐microcellular foamed crystalline layers outside and a microcellular foamed amorphous layer inside. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2512–2523, 2012
Taxonomy and conservation of Vietnam's primates: a review
Authors: Blair Mary E. , Sterling Eleanor J. , Hurley Martha M.
Published: August 2011

Vietnam has the highest number of primate taxa overall (24–27) and the highest number of globally threatened primate taxa (minimum 20) in Mainland Southeast Asia. Conservation management of these species depends in part on resolving taxonomic uncertainties, which remain numerous among the Asian primates. Recent research on genetic, morphological, and acoustic diversity in Vietnam's primates has clarified some of these uncertainties, although a number of significant classification issues still remain. Herein, we summarize and compare the major current taxonomic classifications of Vietnam's primates, discuss recent advances in the context of these taxonomies, and suggest key areas for additional research to best inform conservation efforts in a region crucial to global primate diversity. Among the most important next steps for the conservation of Vietnam's primates is a new consensus list of Asian primates that resolves current differences between major taxonomies, incorporates recent research advances, and recognizes units of diversity at scales below the species‐level, whether termed populations, morphs, or subspecies. Priority should be placed on recognizing distinct populations, regardless of the species concept in use, in order to foster the evolutionary processes necessary for primate populations to cope with inevitable environmental changes. The long‐term conservation of Vietnam's primates depends not only on an accepted and accurate taxonomy but also on funding for on‐the‐ground conservation activities, including training, and the continued dedication and leadership of Vietnamese researchers and managers. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1093–1106, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of the cresol isomers by stripping crystallization
Authors: Shiau Lie‐Ding , Huang Chih‐Hao , Liu Keng‐Fu
Published: August 2011

A new separation technique, called stripping crystallization (SC), is applied here in the purification of the cresol isomer. Basically, SC combines distillation and crystallization to produce pure crystals because of the three‐phase equilibrium. The experiments show that the SC operation can be applied to purify p‐cresol from the cresol isomer whereas it is rather difficult to purify m‐cresol. In the purification of p‐cresol using SC, the recovery rate increases with increasing operating pressure whereas the final purity of the product decreases with increasing operating pressure. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A kinetic study of ultrasonic degradation of carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad Taghi , Rad Helen , Abdollahi Reza
Published: August 2011

In this study, the effect of power of ultrasound, temperature, and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution on the rate of ultrasonic degradation were investigated, and a kinetic model based on viscometry data was used to calculate the rate constants in different conditions. To investigation of effect of ultrasonic power on the degradation of CMC, the power of ultrasound was increased and observed that the viscosity of the CMC solution was decreased with an increase in the power of ultrasound, but the extent of the degradation in a constant power was found to decrease with an increase in concentration or temperature. The ultrasonic degradation of CMC solutions was carried out at different temperatures to investigate the effect of the temperature on the rate of degradation. The calculated rate constants indicated that the degradation rate of the CMC solutions decreased as the temperature increased. The degraded CMCs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, and average molecular weights of ultrasonicated CMCs were compared in different reaction conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012