bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of orthostatic blood pressure response with incident heart failure: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Shrout Tara A. , Pan Stephanie , Mitchell Gary F. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Xanthakis Vanessa
Published: April 2022

Importance

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and hypertension (OHT) are aberrant blood pressure (BP) regulation conditions associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk. The relations of OH and OHT with heart failure (HF) risk in the community are unclear and there remains a paucity of data on the relations with HF subtypes [HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)].

Objective

Relate OH and OHT with HF risk and its subtypes.

Design

Prospective observational cohort.

Setting

Community-based individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Original Cohort.

Participants

1,914 participants (mean age 72 years; 1159 women) attending examination cycle 17 (1981–1984) followed until December 31, 2017 for incident HF or death.

Exposures

OH or OHT, defined as a decrease or increase, respectively, of ≥20/10 mmHg in systolic/diastolic BP upon standing from supine position.

Outcomes and measures

At baseline, 1,241 participants had a normal BP response (749 women), 274 had OH (181 women), and 399 had OHT (229 women). Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we related OH and OHT to risk of HF, HFrEF, and HFpEF compared to the absence of OH and OHT (reference), adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, systolic and diastolic BP, hypertension treatment, smoking, diabetes, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein.

Results

On follow-up (median 13 years) we observed 492 HF events (292 in women; 134 HFrEF, 116 HFpEF, 242 HF indeterminate EF). Compared to the referent, participants with OH [n = 84/274 (31%) HF events] had a higher HF risk (Hazards Ratio [HR] 1.47, 95% CI 1.13–1.91). Moreover, OH was associated with a higher HFrEF risk (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.34–3.67). OHT was not associated with HF risk.

Conclusions and relevance

Orthostatic BP response may serve as an early marker of HF risk. Findings suggest shared pathophysiology of BP regulation and HF, including HFrEF.
HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus co-infection among HIV positives in antiretroviral treatment program in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Seyoum Eleni , Demissie Meaza , Worku Alemayehu , Mulu Andargachew , Abdissa Alemseged , Berhane Yemane
Published: April 2022

Introduction

HIV co-infection with hepatitis B (HIV-HBV) and hepatitis C (HIV-HCV) is known to affect treatment outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, its magnitude is not well documented. We aimed to determine the magnitude of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV co-infections simultaneously in people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolled in ART care in Addis Ababa.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of adults ≥15 years who were receiving ART care in three high burden hospitals in Addis Ababa. Baseline clinical and laboratory test results were extracted from medical records. Co-infection was determined based on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) tests obtained from the medical records. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for hepatitis B and C co-infections.

Results

A total of 873 HIV-positive participants were included in this study. The median age of the participants was 37.5 years, and 55.7% were women. Overall, HIV-HBV co-infection was 5.96% (95% CI: 4.56–7.74), and HIV-HCV co-infection was 1.72% (95% CI: 1.03–2.83). The multivariable logistic regression showed that the male sex was the most independent predictor for viral hepatitis B co-infection with an odds ratio of 2.42(95% CI:1.27–4.63). However, HIV-HCV co-infection did not show a significant association in any of the sociodemographic data of the participants.

Conclusion

HIV co-infection with hepatitis B was moderately high in individuals enrolled in ART care in Addis Ababa. Men had significantly higher HIV-HBV co-infection. HIV co-infection with hepatitis C was relatively low. Strengthening integrated viral hepatitis services with HIV care and treatment services should be emphasized to improve patient care in health facilities.
Immune–related biomarkers shared by inflammatory bowel disease and liver cancer
Authors: Nguyen Thong Ba , Do Duy Ngoc , Nguyen Thuy T. P. , Nguyen Truc Ly , Nguyen-Thanh Tung , Nguyen Ha Thi
Published: April 2022

It has been indicated that there is an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the risk of developing HCC among patients with IBD is not well understood. The current study aimed to identify shared genes and potential pathways and regulators between IBD and HCC using a system biology approach. By performing the different gene expression analyses, we identified 871 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IBD and HCC. Of these, 112 genes overlapped with immune genes were subjected to subsequent bioinformatics analyses. The results revealed four hub genes (CXCL2, MMP9, SPP1 and SRC) and several other key regulators including six transcription factors (FOXC1, FOXL1, GATA2, YY1, ZNF354C and TP53) and five microRNAs (miR-124-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-1-3p, miR-7-5p and miR-99b-5p) for these disease networks. Protein-drug interaction analysis discovered the interaction of the hub genes with 46 SRC-related and 11 MMP9- related drugs that may have a therapeutic effect on IBD and HCC. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the potential connecting mechanisms of HCC and IBD.
Effects of ground robot manipulation on hen floor egg reduction, production performance, stress response, bone quality, and behavior
Authors: Li Guoming , Hui Xue , Zhao Yang , Zhai Wei , Purswell Joseph L. , Porter Zach , Poudel Sabin , Jia Linan , Zhang Bo , Chesser Gary D.
Published: April 2022

Reducing floor eggs in cage-free (CF) housing systems is among primary concerns for egg producers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of ground robot manipulation on reduction of floor eggs. In addition, the effects of ground robot manipulation on production performance, stress response, bone quality, and behavior were also investigated. Two successive flocks of 180 Hy-Line Brown hens at 34 weeks of this age were used. The treatment structure for each flock consisted of six pens with three treatments (without robot running, with one-week robot running, and with two-weeks robot running), resulting in two replicates per treatment per flock and four replicates per treatment with two flocks. Two phases were involved with each flock. Phase 1 (weeks 35–38) mimicked the normal scenario, and phase 2 (weeks 40–43) mimicked a scenario after inadvertent restriction to nest box access. Results indicate that the floor egg reduction rate in the first two weeks of phase 1 was 11.0% without the robot treatment, 18.9% with the one-week robot treatment, and 34.0% with the two-week robot treatment. The effect of robot operation on floor egg production was not significant when the two phases of data were included in the analysis. Other tested parameters were similar among the treatments, including hen-day egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, live body weight, plasma corticosterone concentration, bone breaking force, ash percentage, and time spent in nest boxes. In conclusion, ground robot operation in CF settings may help to reduce floor egg production to a certain degree for a short period right after being introduced. Additionally, robot operation does not seem to negatively affect hen production performance and well-being.
The menstrual taboo and the nuances of misogyny: Comparing feminine hygiene TV advertisements in the Arab and western worlds
Authors: Chabih Houda Driss , Elmasry Mohamad Hamas
Published: April 2022

Feminine hygiene advertisements are key sources of information for menstruators and others. This research used quantitative content analysis to examine the representation of menstruation in advertisements in the Arab and western worlds. The analysis was carried out on a sample of 222 advertisements – 157 western and 65 Arab – produced between 2000 and 2020. Coding sheet questions focused on the social interactions of advertisement actors and the word descriptors used to define aspects of menstruation. Results were consistent with the literature on the menstrual taboo and social stigmas surrounding menstruation, as well as research suggesting that Arab societies exhibit relatively greater degrees of social conservatism regarding gender. In particular, findings, which are contextualized in light of feminist theory, showed that ads consistently concealed key aspects of menstruation, showed models in isolation, employed euphemisms, rarely spoke of menstrual blood and almost never portrayed blood in a realistic red colour. Both Arab and western advertisements highlighted the feminine hygiene product’s role as saviour. Examined Arab advertisements were more conservative than western ads. Arab ads were more likely to mention secrecy terms, and less likely to label menstrual fluid as ‘blood’, display menstrual blood in the colour red and show female models interacting with male models.
The great Syrian exodus: A discourse-historical approach to Syrian asylum seekers in the Turkish press coverage (2011–15)
Authors: Paksoy Alaaddin F.
Published: April 2022

This study aims to critically analyse the representation of Syrian asylum seekers in the Turkish print media. Taking into consideration their circulation numbers, ownership and political stance, five national newspapers were examined (Hürriyet, Posta, Sabah, Sözcü and Zaman). The data covers all news reports, columns and op-eds relating to Syrian asylum seekers, published between 15 March 2011 and 31 December 2015. Based on this time sample, the representation of Syrian asylum seekers in the Turkish press was first analysed by content analysis and then by employing critical discourse analysis, drawing on the discourse-historical approach of the Vienna School. The article aims to reveal the most common discursive strategies of representing Syrian asylum seekers in the Turkish press. The overall data suggest that Turkish newspapers instrumentalized Syrian asylum seekers while positioning their editorial stance in political affairs. According to the findings, the Turkish print media most commonly represent Syrian asylum seekers with the words ‘Mülteci’ (refugee) at 53.81 per cent and ‘Sığınmacı’ (asylum seeker) at 37.44 per cent. When the labels are considered, it was seen that the Turkish press refers to ethnic identities more than religious or sectarian characteristics. Evaluating all of the quantitative and qualitative data, the article suggests that the pro-government titles deomonstrate more friendly coverage for Syrian asylum seekers. Among the papers in the sample, Sözcü disassociates itself with a clear anti-Syrian approach. Other papers have a mostly positive tone, especially if the issue is assessed in a humanitarian aspect. However, the overall positive tone should not be evaluated without the reality of ‘political parallelism’ in the Turkish media atmosphere.
Towards a global traffic control (dispatcher) algorithm - interface prototype design
Authors: Beebe Jonathan
Published: April 2022

This paper presents an overview of the design and development of a prototype Global Dispatcher Interface (GDI) for the control of a group of lifts. The role of the dispatcher is to assign passenger calls to the optimal lift in a group, as decided by a dispatcher algorithm. The GDI is independent of the underlying algorithm, which may be distributed remotely, and provides a standard means through which all interactions may occur. To warrant the “Global” appellation the GDI must support any of the currently available, as well as anticipated, call station modes, types and configurations of cars, topology of control equipment and buildings. The design process is a continuation of a recognised Software Development Lifecycle, centred on Use Cases in a UML model, the initiation of which is covered in a previous paper. Significant diagrams from the model are presented and discussed to illustrate the evolution of the prototype design. One of the requirements, resulting from analysis of the Use Cases, identifies that the GDI design must be compatible with a publish-and-subscribe architecture and a RESTful interface is selected for this purpose. Where possible, the prototype design uses open standards with an emphasis on demonstrating aspects that are specific to lift system dispatcher operation, while attempting to demonstrate independence from implementation details such as programming language, network protocols, etc. The Standard Elevator Information Schema is particularly relevant and fulfils these objectives. The operation of the working prototype, in conjunction with simulated lifts and passengers, is presented as a validation of the design.
The trip function of a lift
Authors: Rentier Chris
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the mathematical derivation of the continuous trip function of a lift. This derivation applies not only to a lift but also to any mass inert mechanism that starts moving from standstill, runs up to a maximum speed or rated speed, to continue for some time, and then stops again after deceleration at completion of its trip along a predetermined track. The trip function determines the traveled distance and the (total) travel time in a continuous relationship with time, rated speed, maximum acceleration and jerk. All kinematic cases of the trip function, such as a short trip without reaching the rated speed, are treated with elaboration of the corresponding specific equations for the total traveled time, maximum achieved speed, etc. The results of the continuous trip function are compared to the results of the equations given in the literature (CIBSE Guide D Annex A2), which are based on a simplified model of the trip function. The conclusion is that the equations based on the simplified model are sufficient accurate for the calculation of handling capacity, journey times, etc. of lifts.
Effigies of the Mokhovsky Log Rock Art Site and the Sites of the Okunev Culture in the Oglakhty Mountains
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, E. Miklashevich ,   “Tomskaya Pisanitsa” Kuzbass Museum-Reserve
Published: April 2022

The paper considers rock art sites, statuary and funerary sites of the Okunev culture (the Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basin) which are known within the territory of the Oglakhty mountainous massif, one of the largest archaeological complexes in the Republic of Khakassia. Among the vast number of rock art images in Oglakhty, only a few are so far attributed to the Okunev culture, which is distinguished by its art. The author introduces into scholarly curculation and describes in detail the effigies on the rocks at Mokhovsky Log, a recently discovered rock art site; and considers the problems of their cultural and chronological attribution, as well as of some other relevant rock art images in the Oglakhty mountains. Statuary sites, which the Okunev culture is especially known for, are also not numerous in Oglakhty: one statue with a face-mask is now lost, and two others that have been recently discovered, were reused as tomb stones in the kurgan constructions of the later Tagar culture. Materials from the excavations of the Okunev burials in the Krasny Yar cemetery are also presented. Excavated by E.B. Vadeckaya in 1972 in the southern foothills of the Oglakhty mountains, the cemetery containedburials of the Okunev culture, both embedded in some barrows of the preceding Afanasievo culture (Krasny Yar I), and forming independent barrows (Krasny Yar II). They belong to different stages of the Okunev culture. Interesting and rare materials have been found in these graves; moreover, for the first time it was stratigraphically traced that at least 100 years passed between Afanasievo and embedded Okunev burials (so, the cultures did not coexist, as was previously thought). The materials obtained from the cemetery require further research by modern methods, as well as their complete publication. The author concludes that in the mountains and foothills of the Oglakhty there are evidences of the existence of Okunev culture at different stages of its development; their small (compare to the sites of other cultures) number is due to the insufficient investigation of the territory; and the prospects for new discoveries and replenishment the body of sources for the Okunev culture are associated with the application of modern methods of revealing and documenting archaeological heritage
Cultural and Chronological Attribution of the Cowrie Shells in the West and East Siberia Based on the Archaeological and Ethnographic Artifacts
Authors:   Institute of Mongolian Altai studies, Yu. Ozheredov
Published: April 2022

The study represents the first attempt to summarize available information related to a rare category of archaeological finds, that is cowrie shells. The interest is sparked by fourteen cowrie artifacts collected in 1954 from the Selkup burial complex Pachanga dated to the 16th century. In comparison with South Siberia regions where due to geographical proximity to the centers of its origin and distribution, the volume of these finds is much higher, the amount of material found in the North is very small, but its scientific value cannot be overestimated. The study aims to give a cultural and chronological attribution of the cowrie shells in archaeological and ethnographic material collected in West and South Siberia. The study is based on the published artifacts from the burial and residential complexes. Judging by the number of the finds, cowrie shells were universally in demand but hard to acquire material, which explains their imitation in stone and bronze. The same can be suggested in the relation to the cowrie shells distribution in ethnographic material — cowrie shell artifacts are more present in the South populated by the Turkic ethnic groups.
The Orientation of Bodies Buried in Mounds of the Tomsk Ob Region in the High Middle Ages
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, L. Pletneva
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes 278 skeletons or graves from the Astrakhantsevsky burial mound (ABM), the Basandaysky burial mound (BBM), and the burial mound at the mouth of the Malaya Kirgiska River (MKBM) where the skeletons were broken. These sites can be attributed to the Basandaika Culture. They are located in the Tomsky and Shegarsky districts of the Tomsk Region. In all of these burial mounds seven orientations were identified: NE-SW, NNE-SSW, NW-SE, NNWSSE, NS, WE, WNW-ESE. The graves indicating the orientation were marked on the layouts of the burial mounds. The layouts demonstrate separate groups (ABM, MKBM) or several skeletons differently oriented in a single mound (ABM, BBM, MKBM), which could belong to different ethnic groups or ethnographic groups of the same ethnic group
Unique Ground Burial Structure of Ak-Suu-4 Cemetery Burial No. 1 (Chui Valley, Kyrgyzstan)
Authors:   American University of Central Asia, A. Abdykanova , O. Soltobaev ,   J. Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, K. Kasymkulov ,   J. Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to methods of revealing leveled burial mounds dated back to the Saka Epoch and results of rescue archaeological excavations of Ak-Suu-4 cemetery burial mound No. 1 located in the Moskovsky district of the Chui region of the Kyrgyz Republic. During the excavations, a unique burial ground structure of the mound was revealed in the form of eight successive stone rings laid out on the day surface around the grave pit. The revealed structure is unique and expands our understanding of the ideology and worldview of the local tribes of the Saka culture, reflected in the funeral rite. The tradition of building stone rings at a certain distance (from 2 to 10 meters) from the edge of the burial mound, along the perimeter of the mound and the grave pit is a kind of marking feature of the burials in the Saka culture of Semirechye. The concentric stone rings, the relatively equal distance between them (from 1 to 2 meters), and the location of the mound in a chain leave no doubt in defining its cultural and chronological affiliation. At the same time, the issues of the origin and continuity of this type of the ground part of the burial structure as a part of the funeral rite of the Saka Epoch in the Chui Valley remains open.
Examining the Leadership Skills of Preschool Children in Terms of Emotion Expressiveness and Self-Regulation Skills
Authors: ÖZKAN KUNDURACI Hurşide Kübra , TOZDUMAN YARALI Kevser
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-regulation, emotion expressiveness, and leadership skills of preschool children. In addition, it was investigated whether or not these skills differed according to gender and the mediating role of self-regulation skills in predicting the leadership skills by emotion expressiveness characteristics of the children. The study was designed in quantitative model and correlational survey design. The sample group of the study consisted of 323 children aged 47-67 months. The data of the study were collected using Self-Regulation Skills Scale, Emotion Expressiveness Questionnaire and Early Childhood Leadership Scale. As a result of the study, leadership, self-regulation, and emotion expressiveness skills of the preschool children were found to be correlated with each other. It was found that emotion expressiveness was an important factor in terms of leadership skills of children and self-regulation skill had a determining effect in this correlation.
Beata Żołędowska-Król, Rozwój myśli księgoznawczej i bibliotekoznawczej w świetle czasopism naukowych i fachowych wydawanych na terenie ziem polskich (1901–1939).
Authors: Jazdon Artur
Published: April 2022

Recenzja: Beata Żołędowska-Król, Rozwój myśli księgoznawczej i bibliotekoznawczej w świetle czasopism naukowych i fachowych wydawanych na terenie ziem polskich (1901–1939).
Leah Price, What we talk about when talk about books, Nowy Jork: Basic Books 2019, s. 215. ISBN 978-0-465-04268-5
Authors: Szary-Matuszkowiak Diana
Published: April 2022

Recenzja: Leah Price, What we talk about when talk about books, Nowy Jork: Basic Books 2019, s. 215. ISBN 978-0-465-04268-5
Wiesława Budowska, Magdalena Paul, Aldona Zawałkiewicz, Marcin Żynda, Z biblioteką czy bez? Badanie nieużytkowników biblioteki, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe i Edukacyjne SBP 2020 (Nauka – Dydaktyka – Praktyka), s. 187. ISBN 978-83-65741-61-5
Authors: Wojciechowski Jacek
Published: April 2022

Recenzja: Wiesława Budowska, Magdalena Paul, Aldona Zawałkiewicz, Marcin Żynda, Z biblioteką czy bez? Badanie nieużytkowników biblioteki, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe i Edukacyjne SBP 2020 (Nauka – Dydaktyka – Praktyka), s. 187. ISBN 978-83-65741-61-5
Niemieckie gazety i czasopisma w krajobrazie prasowym Poznania i Wielkopolski przed rokiem 1918. Przyczynek do zbadania ciekawej grupy źródeł
Authors: Barełkowski Matthias
Published: April 2022

Późny wiek XIX i wczesny XX określane są powszechnie jako lata rozkwitu prasy. Lepsze wykształcenie ogólne społeczeństwa i nowe możliwości techniczne sprzyjały rozwojowi prasy masowej i czytelnictwa. Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia krajobraz prasowy w Poznaniu i w mniejszym stopniu w Wielkopolsce. Próbuje przy tym przede wszystkim zakreślić los dzisiaj prawie zapomnianych niemieckojęzycznych gazet i czasopism oraz przebieg ich ukazywania się, profil i problemy z cenzurą, omawia rywalizację polsko-niemiecko-żydowską w tym zakresie, a wreszcie przedstawia rozważania, jak to dziedzictwo, przechowywane dzisiaj przede wszystkim w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu, może być sensownie wykorzystywane.
Gradient-Tracking-basierte Lösung von Multi-Cluster-Spielen
Authors: Zimmermann Jan , Tatarenko Tatiana , Willert Volker , Adamy Jürgen
Published: April 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird die Anwendung von Gradient-Tracking-Verfahren in Multi-Cluster-Spielen untersucht. Neben einer Aufarbeitung relevanter Literatur umfasst die Arbeit einen theoretischen und simulativen Vergleich zwischen zwei bestehenden Gradient-Tracking-basierten Algorithmen. Hierbei wird insbesondere auf die Unterschiede der Kommunikationsarchitekturen eingegangen. In den durchgeführten Simulationen werden die Konvergenzzeiten der Algorithmen in Anwendung auf ein Nash-Cournot-Spiel miteinander verglichen. Es wird deutlich, dass sich eine weniger eingeschränkte Kommunikationsarchitektur zwischen den Clustern positiv auf die Konvergenzzeit auswirkt.
Ad interim recommendations for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection by the IFCC SARS-CoV-2 variants working group
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Favresse Julien , Gromiha Michael M. , SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Plebani Mario , Henry Brandon M.
Published: April 2022

This document, endorsed by the IFCC Working Group on SARS-CoV-2 Variants, aims to update previous indications for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, taking into consideration the evidence that has emerged after the origin and spread of new lineages and sub-lineages of the virus characterized by mutated genetics and altered biochemical, biological and clinical characteristics. These indications encompass the use of different diagnostic strategies in specific clinical settings, such as high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (symptomatic patients), low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (asymptomatic subjects) at hospital admission/contact tracing, testing in asymptomatic subjects, in epidemiologic surveys and/or population screening, along with tentative indications for identification of new lineages and/or sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2.
Nanostructured lipid carrier system: A compendium of their formulation development approaches, optimization strategies by quality by design, and recent applications in drug delivery
Authors: Javed Shamama , Mangla Bharti , Almoshari Yosif , Sultan Muhammad H. , Ahsan Waquar
Published: April 2022

The lipid-based colloidal carriers, such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanocapsules, liposomes, and microemulsion, are the latest and significant entrants in the development of drug delivery systems owing to their myriad advantages. The NLCs are second-generation SLNs having unstructured matrix, have high drug loading, and provide long-term drug stability in comparison to SLNs and other colloidal systems, which show lower drug loading and experience burst release/drug expulsion during storage. This review is aimed to summarize the formulation development and optimization strategies for NLCs as reported in the literature collected from authentic databases. Various types of NLCs, formulation components, methods of preparation, characterization parameters, optimization (statistical designs) strategies, toxicity, regulatory aspects, and their applications in oral, parenteral, ocular, pulmonary, nose-to-brain, tumor targeting, and transdermal drug delivery have been dealt in detail. Patents granted on the NLCs have also been enlisted.
“I did not know that there were problems”: government officials’ blame avoidance strategies in the Life Esidimeni Arbitration Hearings
Authors: Brokensha Susan , Conradie Thinus , Greyling Willfred
Published: April 2022

The travesty of the Life Esidimeni project in South Africa, which claimed the lives of 144 mental health users at psychiatric facilities in Gauteng between 2016 and 2017, is multifaceted. One facet involves strategies of blame avoidance designed to escape liability for the deaths that were expressed by the former Member of the Executive Council for Health and other public health officials during the Life Esidimeni Arbitration Hearings. These hearings were broadcast on state television between October 2017 and 2018, and eight samples from the hearings were analysed for specific blame avoidance strategies. Following the principles of qualitative discourse analysis, this paper extends research on blame avoidance behaviour in the public administration and policy domain, exploring three key officials’ micro- and macro-level choices of blame avoidance in the context of the arbitration hearings to develop a more comprehensive account of these strategies. A public hearing is a discourse setting that is reactionary in nature, and our findings on the micro-level, a neglected dimension of research on blame avoidance behaviour, extend our understanding of these behaviours. We propose that at least two continua for blame avoidance are relevant in this setting.
Die Haftung des Besonderen Vertreters i. S. v. § 147 Abs. 2 AktG
Authors: Bayer Walter , Selentin Philipp
Published: April 2022

Die Bestellung eines Besonderen Vertreters i. S. v. § 147 Abs. 2 AktG wirft insbesondere in der jüngeren Vergangenheit zahlreiche Rechtsfragen auf, welche zu erheblichen Teilen noch keiner abschließenden Klärung zugeführt werden konnten. Dies gilt auch für die Bestimmung des für den Besonderen Vertreters geltenden Haftungsmaßstabs. Der folgende Beitrag untersucht Grundfragen der Haftung des Besonderen Vertreter und zeigt auf, dass – in gewissen Grenzen – eine Pflicht zur Überprüfung der Rechtmäßigkeit der eigenen Bestellung besteht. Der Aufsatz schließt mit Ausführungen zu Vergütung und Auslagenersatz in Haftungskonstellationen.
Der Jahresfehlbetrag
Authors: Mylich Falk
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag untersucht, wie ein Jahresfehlbetrag auszuweisen ist, welches Organ dafür kompetent ist und wie sich der Ausweis auf Folgeabschlüsse auswirkt. Diese für jede Gesellschaftsform z. T. unterschiedlich zu beantwortenden Fragen werden ergänzt durch Fragen zum Umgang mit dem Jahresfehlbetrag bei einer Pflicht zum Verlustausgleich im Konzern, zur Ausschüttung trotz Jahresfehlbetrags und zu Strategien der Vermeidung eines Jahresfehlbetrags. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass die Verbuchung des Jahresfehlbetrags vielfältige praktische Auswirkungen hat.
Electronic structure of the homologous series of Ruddlesden–Popper phases SrO(SrTiO3)
n
, (n = 0–3, ∞)
Authors: Ludt Christian , Zschornak Matthias
Published: April 2022

The system SrO(SrTiO3)
n
contains promising compounds for several applications, whose functionalities all depend in particular on the band structure of the respective crystal. While the electronic structure of SrO and SrTiO3 is sufficiently clarified in literature, there is a lack of information concerning the Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases. In this work, density functional theory is used to compute the electronic structure for the homologous series with n = 0–3, ∞. The according band structures are presented and effective masses are given for the complete system. In addition, the calculations are consulted to discuss the thermodynamical stability of the RP phases, confirming the gain of formation energy up to n = 3, as reported in recent literature. A promising possibility for applications has been found, analyzing theses band structures: As the optical gaps at distinct high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone show different dependencies on the lattice parameters, as it is reported for SrO in literature, a similar behavior could be expected in particular for the RP phase with n = 1.
comunicación institucional en la crisis de la covid-19: el caso del Ayuntamiento de Málaga
Authors: Espino González Jesús
Published: April 2022

La COVID-19 alteró, de un día para otro, la rutina de los ciudadanos, y por tanto la de los periodistas y los gabinetes de comunicación. El gran impacto sanitario y social de la pandemia ha obligado a las administraciones públicas a instalarse en una gestión de crisis continua aún abierta, sin precedentes para la comunicación institucional del siglo XXI. Los profesionales de la comunicación política han tenido que innovar para mantener el flujo informativo y atender las demandas de la población y de las organizaciones para las que trabajan. La presente investigación analiza, mediante metodología mixta, los cambios producidos en las estrategias, técnicas y procedimientos de las administraciones como consecuencia de la crisis del coronavirus durante sus dos primeros años de recorrido. Para ello, toma como referencia el caso del Ayuntamiento de Málaga, la sexta capital de España, y pretende determinar cómo siguió activa la comunicación del Gobierno de esta ciudad pese al confinamiento y las restricciones que supuso el estado de alarma declarado el 14 de marzo de 2020. Aunque muchas de las adaptaciones llevadas a cabo no han permanecido al recuperarse la actividad presencial y las rutinas previas, sí se ha pronunciado la tendencia de circunvalar a los medios de comunicación. La centralización total de los mensajes, la incorporación de las conferencias de prensa telemáticas, el hecho de que casi la mitad de los comunicados oficiales emitidos en 2020 por el municipio se dedicaron a la crisis sanitaria y la apuesta por las redes sociales verificadas para enfrentarse a las noticias falsas han sido los principales recursos del gabinete de comunicación municipal malagueño, cuyo servicio público esencial como guía ha contribuido a la conversación pública y a la reducción de la incertidumbre.
THE CROWN OF SONNETS: PROBLEMS OF GENESIS AND GENRE FORMATION
Authors: Hakobyan Levon
Published: April 2022

The established, yet unconfirmed, viewpoint states that the crown of sonnets originated in the 13th century, although the first known instances of this genre form belong to the 16th century. These works differ from the modern (canonical) crown by the unregulated number of texts and the absence of the master sonnet. The thematic and stylistic variety of the Baroque crowns suggests that certain sonnet crown sequences did exist before the 16th century, albeit they are still undiscovered. In the absence of relevant texts, the study of the formal poetic preconditions required for the emergence of the crown of sonnets could clarify the time of the appearance of this supertextual form. Two factors determine the structure of the crown: the cohesion of adjacent texts and the ring-like organization of the supertextual unit. The first refers to the repetition of the last verse of the preceding text at the beginning of the following one. This poetic technique originates from the Provençal troubadours, who created a specific form of chained stanzas (coblas capfinidas); the Galician-Portuguese poets discovered another form of strophic concatenation (leixaprén). The second factor is the repetition of the first verse of the initial text at the end of the last one. Despite the verbatim coincidence, these verses are not semantically equal to each other, since the last verse, enriched by the previous context, acquires new semantic characteristics. One of the first poetic forms that combines the beginning and end of the text was the rondel, created in the 15th century. The examination of medieval poetic genres from the point of view of their crown-forming potential led to the conclusion that only the sonnet form meets the requirements for a poetic crown. The studied material suggests that, despite the common opinion, the non-canonical crown of sonnets could not appear in the 13th century, as the entire complex of formal poetic conditions for the emergence of this genre form developed at the end of the 15th century.
Health or medical care system?: matters in efficiency
Authors: Baca Manuel Castro
Published: April 2022

This work seeks to explore a country’s organization of its national health systems, its allocation of resources in the process and well as the efficiency of such organized system. The paper also aims to contribute in improving the organization of an integrated health system. The vast majority of countries in the world have formulated their national health system based on their medical care system, ignoring the importance of public and community health. In other words, they are more oriented towards waiting for people to get sick, than taking a preventive approach with early detection of disease to avoid the development of sickness and its complications. Such reactive, rather than proactive approach, continues to contribute to the high costs of medical care associated with the increased number of chronic patients and a greater population longevity. Their reactive formulation of their health systems makes the system inefficient. On the other hand, the practice of medical care is considered recuperative health; however, an increasing demand of chronic patients to medical care services raises the question if the medical practice is really recuperative or only treatment of a chronic disease. The existence of a functional divorce between public health and medical care limits and weakens efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to integrate both practices into a single organized and coordinated health system that prioritizes prevention over disease treatment, primary prevention rather than secondary prevention (chronicity) or tertiary prevention (damage to other organs as a complication). The COVID_19 pandemic is predominantly public health issue rather than medical, although social behavior has been a major factor in the persistence of the pandemic.
LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS OF FIBRINOGEN BY PROTEASE OF Gloydius halys halys SNAKE VENOM
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Stohnii Ye. M.
Published: April 2022

Aim. One of the approaches for studying structure and functions of proteins is their limited proteolysis. Proteolytic fragments of macromolecules can preserve the biological activity and can be used for the study of their structural and functional peculiarities. Thus, the characterization of new proteolytic enzymes and determination of the specificity of their action can be of interest for exploration. In the present work, we focused on the action of protease from the venom of Gloydius halys halys on fibrinogen, the crucial protein of blood coagulation system. Methods. Products of fibrinogen hydrolysis by protease from the venom of G. halys halys were studied by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and western-blot analysis using monoclonal antibodies ІІ-5 Сand 1-5A targeted to 20‒78 and 549‒610 fragments of fibrinogen Aα-chain. Molecular weights of hydrolytic products were determined using MALDI-TOF analysis on Voyager DE PRO (USA). Sequence of hydrolytic products were predicted by «Peptide Mass Calculator» soft ware. Results. SDS-PAGE showed that protease from the venom of Gloydius halys halys initially cleaved Аα-chain of fibrinogen molecule. Western-blot analysis confirmed that this protease specifically cleaves off fragment of C-terminal parts of Аα-chain with apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa. Cleaved fragment was identified by MALDI-TOF analysis as the 21.1 kDa polypeptide. «Peptide Mass Calculator» predicted that such a fragment corresponded to Аα414-610 residue of fibrinogen molecule. Thus, we showed that studied protease cleaved peptide bond AαK413-L414 with the formation of stable partly hydrolyzed fibrinogen desAα414-610. Conclusions. The use of protease from the venom of Gloydius halys halys would allow obtaining the unique partly hydrolyzed fibrinogen des Aα 414‒610 that is suitable for the study of structure and functions of fibrinogen αС-regions.
Analysis of Demographic Characteristics Based on E-Demography Data
Authors: YUSIFOV F. F. , AKHUNDOVA N. E.
Published: April 2022

The introduction of digital technologies, the Internet and social media into human life provides new information and data sources for the study of demographic behavior. The article studies the analysis of demographic characteristics based on e-demographic data. The creation of an e-demographic system is one of the urgent issues for demographic research, the management of demographic processes and for the study of demographic behavior. The article is devoted to the analysis of demographic indicators. The article examines the existing international experience in the field of e-demography, analyzes the current state of research in the field of creating a single population register. In order to build an e-demographic system, it is proposed to integrate public registers in various fields into a single platform through a personal identification number. Demographic analyzes can be conducted information on social networks, mobile phones, banking systems, insurance companies, via traces in various search browsers. The article analyzes demographic characteristics based on e-demographic data. The experiment examined the analysis of demographic characteristics of graduates who studied abroad. Demographic analysis was conducted according to the age, sex, marital status, education level, specialty, country of study and other indicators of the graduates. K-Means model was used to divide the graduates into different clusters. According to the experience, it is possible to divide graduates who studied abroad into clusters according to their age. Thus, graduates of each cluster can be surveyed according to other demographic indicators. E-demography creates new opportunities for social research and population data monitoring. The establishment of an e-demographic system will allow for population statistics, online census monitoring, in-depth analysis of demographic processes and the study of demographic behavior. Citizens of each cluster will be able to conduct different analyzes according to income, field of work, education and other indicators. The research proposes to build an e-demographic system on the basis of a single state register. In future research, the data in the various registers will be analyzed in depth.
Migration Mobility of the Population in Economic Research: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: BIL М. M.
Published: April 2022

Migration issues need more extensive coverage in fundamental studies. One of the important tasks is to specify the conceptual and terminological apparatus of migration research and eliminate discussions in the migration thesaurus, in particular on the content of migration as a mobility form. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the content of migration mobility of the population as a fundamental economic category that forms the theoretical foundations of migration research with the separation of a new migration science. The scientific novelty is the substantiation of the basic provisions of migration studies and the specification of its migration thesaurus in terms of determining the content of migration mobility. The methodological basis of the study is a dialectical approach, abstract-logical method, method of systematization and generalization, the use of which allowed to formulate the basic provisions of migration and clarify its conceptual and terminological apparatus. The formation of migration studies is confirmed by the conclusions of leading economists and demographers. Migration studies accumulates knowledge, approaches to analysis and practical recommendations for migration regulation. Given the complexity of the migration essence, migration studies is formed as a science-interdisciplinary synthesis at the junction of socioeconomics, demography, spatial science and regional studies. The issues of migration studies develop the following directions: fundamental migration studies, which determines the basic provisions for understanding mig ration in the indicator-factor complex, based on migration theories, concepts, principles, mig ration terminology; analytical migration studies, which reveals the methodology of analyzing migration in terms of causes, conditions, trends; migration qualiology, which emphasizes the methodology of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the migration impact on various phenomena and processes. The main branches of migration studies are economic, demographic, social and political, the results of which comprehensively reveal the possibilities of solving the migration problem by ensuring a positive consequence for person, society and state. The development of migration research requires deepening and modernization of the methodology of migration analysis with the correct use of terminology. In the migration thesaurus there are a number of similar concepts, each of which has specifics. Based on terminological contra dictions, the main approaches to understanding migration as phenomenon, process, system, sign and form of mobility are generalized. The multifaceted concept of migration mobility of the population raises the scientific and practical value of its research. In this regard, the content of migration mobility is revealed, its spatio-temporal, causal and consequential characteristics in the context of the impact on human development are specified, and the prospects for improving methodological approaches to analyzing youth mobility are indicated.
Mechanical Circulatory Support for Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M , Topkara Veli K , Kirtane Ajay J , Takeda Koji , Naka Yoshifumi , Garan A Reshad
Published: April 2022

Right ventricular (RV) failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with in-hospital mortality rates estimated as high as 70–75%. RV failure may occur following cardiac surgery in conjunction with left ventricular failure, or may be isolated in certain circumstances, such as inferior MI with RV infarction, pulmonary embolism or following left ventricular assist device placement. Medical management includes volume optimisation and inotropic and vasopressor support, and a subset of patients may benefit from mechanical circulatory support for persistent RV failure. Increasingly, percutaneous and surgical mechanical support devices are being used for RV failure. Devices for isolated RV support include percutaneous options, such as micro-axial flow pumps and extracorporeal centrifugal flow RV assist devices, surgically implanted RV assist devices and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In this review, the authors discuss the indications, candidate selection, strategies and outcomes of mechanical circulatory support for RV failure.
Identification of mutations in rpoB, pncA, embB, and ubiA genes among drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Iran
Authors: Bakhtiyariniya Pejman , Khosravi Azar Dokht , Hashemzadeh Mohammad , Savari Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to effective first-line drugs (FLDs) has challenged national and global tuberculosis control programs. This study aimed to identify mutations in 4 genes related to rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol resistance among clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from southwestern Iran. After drug susceptibility testing of 6620 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates by proportional method, a total of 24 FLD-resistant strains were included in the study. Fragments of rpoB, pncA, embB, and ubiA genes were amplified and sequenced to mine the mutations by pairwise alignment with the corresponding M. tuberculosis H37Rv genes. Phenotypic resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol was detected in 67, 54, and 33% (n = 16, 13, and 8) of the isolates, respectively. Of rifampin-resistant isolates, 31% (5/16) were mono-resistant, and 56% (9/16) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). In 100% of rifampin-resistant isolates, mutations were found in the rifampin resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB, with S450L substitution being the most common, especially in MDRs (77.8%, 7/9). Resistance-conferring mutations in pncA were present in 12.5% (3/24) of FLD-resistant isolates. The embB and ubiA mutations were found in 62.5 and 12.5% (5/8 and 1/8) of ethambutol-resistant isolates, respectively, of which the embB D354A was the most common substitution (37.5%, 3/8). Sixteen distinct mutations were identified, one of which was novel. The sequence analysis of the RRDR segment was the best way to detect rifampin resistance. The rpoB S450L substitution could be a helpful molecular marker to predict MDR. In other genes, no mutation was identified as a reliable marker.