bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URBAN LAND USE CHANGE AND THE LANGAT BASIN ECOSYSTEM HEALTH
Authors: Idrus Shaharudin , Samad Abdul Hadi
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses over four decades of urban land use changes in the Langat River Basin in response to rapid development impulses that flowed from the more developed Klang Valley where Kuala Lumpur, the Malaysian capital city is situated. It proceeds to look into the impact of those changes on the ecosystem health of the basin. Federal development policies, strategies, programs and activities have transformed the basin from an industrial agricultural basin into an urbanized area. Being contiguous to the Klang Valley, the basin rose over the decades to be a choice location for not only foreign direct investment to produce manufactured products for export but also services and educational. The paper also discusses the status of the Langat Basin ecosystem health. The change to the land use has indeed impacted on the basin ecosystem health. Using GIS, land use changes in the basin over the decades were analysed to reveal the persistent direction of change. It is clear that the trend of land use change in the Langat Basin is the conversion from one type of land use to developing urbanised and full urban areas. What is implied by the changes are indicators that can be derived to show the sustainability of the ecosystem in the Langat Basin such as river flood, mud flood, land slide, etc.
THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF DEFENSIBLE SPACE FOR SECURED HOUSING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Omar Saari , Megat Omar Megat Arif Shah
Published: November 2021

Housing areas in Malaysia has always relied on the local authorities to take care of the neighbourhood, resulting in apathy in respect to the community's well being, safety and a rise in crime. Most housing developments have been designed to provide a secure home rather than a secured living environment. The provision of a large and undefined communal space, leads to a situation of "anonymity" and become "lost spaces" which allow criminals to "disguise" among the crowd. A viable solution in ensuring a secured housing environment is through the provision of "defensible" communal spaces that encourage community interaction and social cohesion. This paper will discuss the current problems concerning crime and safety in high-density housing settlement in Malaysia. The paper will also review the prevailing ideas and concepts that have been articulated by prominent theorists for the designer to use in designing secured housing development, This is where the defensible space theory raises the issue of 'creating' a community within a neighbourhood, and how it could be applied successfully to local housing.
SUSTAINABLE CITY PLANNING: EMPHASIS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
Authors: Hashim Halimaton Saadiah , Pereira Joy Jacqueline , Komoo Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

The need to identify and manage environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) is of fundamental importance for seeking balanced development within and around such areas based on the concept of sustainable development. The identification of ESAs enhances the understanding of the various trade-offs between land development, environmental protection and societal well-being, and this facilitates effective planning for future development. The concept of ESAs, which evolved from a sectoral approach at the international and national levels, was modified to be more integrated for its implementation at the city and state levels, even at national levels. The Selangor State Policy on ESA was officially launched on 5 June 1999. The Policy takes into account the importance of an area from the perspective of the implementing government agencies and the perspective of its major function in terms of providing life support systems, heritage value as well as risks associated with hazards. Integrated ESAs defines an area containing various ecosystems that play an important role in ensuring the well being of the environment as well as society which could be threatened by development. Three groups of ESAs are identified. These are ESA of Heritage Value, ESA associated with Hazards and ESA that is important for Life Support Systems. ESA of Heritage Value is defined as an area that has historical, cultural or scientific value. ESA associated with Hazards is defined as areas that are associated with high risks of natural or man-made hazards. ESA for Life Support Systems takes into account the present and future needs of society to ensure adequate quality of life based on resources available in the State. Integrated ESAs are useful to ensure land use that supports the aspirations of sustainable development and has the potential to enhance stakeholder participation, particularly when used in conjunction with existing land use planning mechanisms.
KOMUNITI MAPAN: PENILAIAN TAHAP KEMAPANAN KOMUNITI ORANG ASLI TEMIAR DI NEGERI PERAK
Authors: Kamarudin Khairul Hisyam , Ngah Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

In the declaration of the Conference on Environment and Development at Rio de Janeiro 1992, the role of indigenous people in environmental management and development for achieving sustainability was recognized because of their knowledge and traditional practice. However, the value and traditional practices of the indigenous communities today has gradually disappeared due to pressure from modernization and influence of market economy, which penetrated them. The study examine the extent to which the knowledge and practice of the Orang Asli community comply with sustainable development principles and how their knowledge and practice could be used to derive a framework for sustainable development strategies of Orang Asli community. As an introduction, this article present an alternative thought on the concept and also suggestions on the characteristics of sustainable community. This study revealed that, sustainable community should be guided by a set of system which maintains the relationship of trinity; i.e. relationship between Man and his Creator, Man and Man, and Man and Environment. Eventually, this would help to attain balanced and sustained development economically, socially, environmentally and spiritually. Another part of the study involves an in-depth case study on the selected Orang Asli Temiar settlements in the state of Perak. Based on a case study of Orang Asli Temiar communities of Kampung Perjek and Kuala Mu, the study evaluated the level of sustainability of the community's base on the indicators formulated. Forty-five (45) indicators were finalized in a comprehensive 1nanner covering economic, social and physical dimensions. These indicators were then categorized into behaviour, system and situational components. Fieldworks were conducted and the level of sustainability of each indicator was analyzed based on the information collected and index was used to measure the overall sustainability. This study shows variability of sustainability levels of each indicator. Findings from the first part of the analysis (sustainability level for each indicator) showed that only nine of the 16 behaviour indicators have achieved sustainability level. Under system category, only two out of 10 indicators achieved the level of sustainability and for indicators under state category, seven out of 19 indicators achieved the sustainability level. Meanwhile, for the index analysis (overall sustainability level of each dimension) it showed that the levels of sustainability were moderate for the social and physical/ecological indicators (42.1 % and 60.0%) and low for the economic indicators (25.0%). Based on the findings and discussions with the local community, this study suggests a framework for the sustainable development strategy which includes; (1) conserve or encourage continuation of current sustainable practices, (2) improve or change the unsustainable or low level of sustainable practices and (3) develop the potential of the area in a sustainable manner.Â Â
POWERS OF THE LOCAL AUTHORITY IN REGULATING LAND PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT CONTROL: WHITHER CONTROL
Authors: Maidin Ainul Jaria , Mobarak Ali Bashiran Begum
Published: November 2021

Land use planning in Malaysia as regulated by the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 ("Act 172") vests in the local authorities' wide powers and responsibility for managing and carrying on the daily adininistration of land use planning decision making and developrnent control regime. This article examines the powers of the local authority in regulating land planning and development control and the power of the courts in exercising control over the exercise of the discretionary powers of the local authority.
EVALUATING STAKEHOLDERS' PREFERENCES: RECONCILING HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN KUALA LUMPUR TRADITIONAL AREAS
Authors: Wan Abdullah Zawawi Noor Amila , Abdullah Alias
Published: November 2021

Unchecked redevelopments are destroying our unique multi-cultural heritage. The subsistence of this built heritage is threatened by demolition, unsympathetic changes and rapid redevelopment pace. Escalating market value increasingly replaces these buildings with newer and higher density structures. Most often, the decisions pertaining to traditional shophouse redevelopment are based on guidelines inherited from the monocultural British system, whose perspectives narrowly represent the multi-cultural society in Malaysia. On top of that, involvement of direct stakeholders, namely owners and tenants, are minimal in the decision process. This paper is part of an ongoing research to provide an objective evaluation for traditional shophouse redevelopment, incorporating multiple stakeholders' preferences. It focuses on explming conflicts and values of the stakeholders using Multiple Criteria Analysis, or MCA technique. Using a common MCA technique, the Analytical Hierarchy Process, or ARP, stakeholders' preferences on a set of criteria for redevelopment decision are derived and compared. It is found that stakeholders' preferences are dissimilar even within their homogenous groups. This study contributes to discovering the potential of MCA to increase transparency in redevelopment decisions involving built heritage and multiple stakeholders.
URBAN AIR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS: A PRELIMINARY SET FOR CITY OF KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Ahmad Shaharuddin , Aiyub Kadaruddin , Mohd Jani Yaakob
Published: November 2021

Environmental health as an aspect of concern on healthy environment, involves relationship between environment and human health. It comprises the aspects of human health and diseases that are determined by factors in the environment, as well as the characteristics of environmental conditions which affect the quality of health. Generally, urban ambient air is more polluted than overall atmosphere. It is due to higher concentration of human activities and more rapid urban development in urban areas. Urban areas produced air pollutants with higher rate as compared to less developed areas and natural environment. Furthermore, the atmosphere has always been one of the most convenient places to dispose of unwanted materials, which includes burning activities. It changes the natural combination of gases in the air and causes higher rateof urban air pollution. Besides, the air pollutants are likely to circulate and remain in the urban environment due to the "dust dome" phenomenon. Air pollutants are potentially affecting human health. Epidemiologic and laboratory studies demonstrate that ambient air pollutants contribute to various negative health problems, especially on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, skin, and eyes. Research was carried out in developing a set of environmental health indicators for urban air. The determination of environmental health for urban air involves the identification of air-related health conditions and air quality. The preliminary indicators were formulated to examine the air environmental health conditions and issues in city of Kuala Lumpur. Environmental health indicators are providing useful information for decision-makers, and helping in generating discussion among people of different backgrounds.
Effect of an Integrative Mobile Health Intervention in Patients With Hypertension and Diabetes: Crossover Study
Authors: Oh Sang Woo , Kim Kyoung-Kon , Kim Sung Soo , Park Su Kyung , Park Sangshin
Published: November 2021

Background

Obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are worldwide epidemics that inflict burdens on both public health and health care costs. Self-management plays an important role in the proper management of these 3 chronic diseases, and in this context, mobile health (mHealth) can be a cost-effective self-management tool.

Objective

The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the effects of an integrative mHealth approach for obesity, hypertension, and T2DM on body fat, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels and demonstrate the clinical outcomes. The participants were patients aged 40 to 70 years who were treated for T2DM (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] above 6.0%) without insulin or hypertension and obesity, controlled with pharmacotherapy.

Methods

This pilot study was performed using a controlled, randomized, 3-month, 2-period crossover design. A total of 37 participants were recruited from 2 university hospitals in South Korea. Integrative mHealth comprised 4 parts: self-measuring home devices for monitoring blood glucose and blood pressure; 2 smartphone apps, where one gathered lifestyle data, giving them feedback with health information, and the other provided drug information and reminders of the medication schedule; unmanned kiosks for official measurement of blood pressure and body composition; and web-based access to participants’ health information.

Results

Data from the 32 participants were analyzed. Their mean HbA1c level was 7.5% (SD 0.8, ranging from 6.1% to 9.4%). Approximately 38% (12/32) of the participants had hypertension. BMIs of all participants except 1 were >23 kg/m2. The input rates of food intake and exercise to the smartphone app were very low (24.9% and 5.3%, respectively). On the contrary, the input rate of medicine intake was high (84.0%). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the input rate of taking medicine irrespective of whether the mHealth period was before or after the conventional treatment period (80.3% and 87.3%, respectively; P=.06). Among the 3 input functions of food intake, exercise, and medicine intake in smartphone apps, the input of medicine intake was a more helpful, easier to use, and better-designed function than the others. There were no significant differences in changes in body weight (−0.519 kg vs 0 kg), BMI (−0.133 kg/m2 vs −0.167 kg/m2), body composition (body fat −0.255% vs 0.172%), blood pressure (systolic −0.226 mm Hg vs −2.839 mm Hg), and HbA1c (−0.269% vs –0.009%) between the integrative mHealth and conventional treatment groups. However, in proportion to the elevation in the input rate of taking medicine, body fat mass (P=.04) and HbA1c (P=.03) were lower in the integrative mHealth group.

Conclusions

Although smartphone apps can influence body fat and blood glucose levels, they have failed to show clinical improvement. A higher input rate of taking medicine was related to significantly lower body fat mass and HbA1c levels.
Perception and Initial Adoption of Mobile Health Services of Older Adults in London: Mixed Methods Investigation
Authors: Pan Jing , Dong Hua , Bryan-Kinns Nick
Published: November 2021

Background

Advances in mobile technology and public needs have resulted in the emergence of mobile health (mHealth) services. Despite the potential benefits of mHealth apps, older adults face challenges and barriers in adopting them.

Objective

The aims of this study are to understand older adults’ perception of mHealth services and to discover the barriers that older adults face in the initial adoption of mHealth apps.

Methods

This paper systematically analyzed main determinants related to mHealth services and investigated them through questionnaires, interviews, and a workshop. Two studies were carried out in London. In study 1, the questionnaires with follow-up interviews were conducted based on the literature review to uncover older adults’ perception (including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived behavioral control) of mHealth services. Study 2 was a workshop helping older adults to trial selected mHealth apps. The workshop was conducted by the first author (JP) with assistance from 5 research students. The barriers that older adults faced in the initial adoption period were observed. The interviews and workshop were audiotaped and transcribed. Descriptive statistics and the thematic analysis technique were used for data analysis.

Results

In total, 30 older adults in London completed the questionnaires and interviews in study 1. The results of study 1 show that the lack of obvious advantage, low reliability, scary information, and the risk of privacy leakage would decrease older adults’ perceived usefulness of mHealth services; the design of app interface would directly affect the perceived ease of use; and aging factors, especially the generation gap, would create barriers for older users. In total, 12 participants took part in the workshop of study 2, including 8 who took part in study 1. The results of study 2 identified that access to technology, the way of interaction, the risk of money loss, heavy workload of using an mHealth app, and different lifestyle are influential factors to older adults’ adoption of mHealth services.

Conclusions

The perceptions of mHealth services of older adults were investigated; the barriers that older adults may face in the initial adoption stage were identified. On the basis of the synthesis of these results, design suggestions were proposed, including technical improvement, free trial, information clarification, and participatory design. They will help inform the design of mHealth services to benefit older adults.
mHealth Solutions for Perinatal Mental Health: Scoping Review and Appraisal Following the mHealth Index and Navigation Database Framework
Authors: Spadaro Benedetta , Martin-Key Nayra A , Funnell Erin , Bahn Sabine
Published: November 2021

Background

The ever-increasing pressure on health care systems has resulted in the underrecognition of perinatal mental disorders. Digital mental health tools such as apps could provide an option for accessible perinatal mental health screening and assessment. However, there is a lack of information regarding the availability and features of perinatal app options.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the current state of diagnostic and screening apps for perinatal mental health available on the Google Play Store (Android) and Apple App Store (iOS) and to review their features following the mHealth Index and Navigation Database framework.

Methods

Following a scoping review approach, the Apple App Store and Google Play Store were systematically searched to identify perinatal mental health assessment apps. A total of 14 apps that met the inclusion criteria were downloaded and reviewed in a standardized manner using the mHealth Index and Navigation Database framework. The framework comprised 107 questions, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of app origin, functionality, engagement features, security, and clinical use.

Results

Most apps were developed by for-profit companies (n=10), followed by private individuals (n=2) and trusted health care companies (n=2). Out of the 14 apps, 3 were available only on Android devices, 4 were available only on iOS devices, and 7 were available on both platforms. Approximately one-third of the apps (n=5) had been updated within the last 180 days. A total of 12 apps offered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in its original version or in rephrased versions. Engagement, input, and output features included reminder notifications, connections to therapists, and free writing features. A total of 6 apps offered psychoeducational information and references. Privacy policies were available for 11 of the 14 apps, with a median Flesch-Kincaid reading grade level of 12.3. One app claimed to be compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act standards and 2 apps claimed to be compliant with General Data Protection Regulation. Of the apps that could be accessed in full (n=10), all appeared to fulfill the claims stated in their description. Only 1 app referenced a relevant peer-reviewed study. All the apps provided a warning for use, highlighting that the mental health assessment result should not be interpreted as a diagnosis or as a substitute for medical care. Only 3 apps allowed users to export or email their mental health test results.

Conclusions

These results indicate that there are opportunities to improve perinatal mental health assessment apps. To this end, we recommend focusing on the development and validation of more comprehensive assessment tools, ensuring data protection and safety features are adequate for the intended app use, and improving data sharing features between users and health care professionals for timely support.
Implementing the Routine Use of Electronic Mental Health Screening for Youth in Primary Care: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Martel Rhiannon , Shepherd Matthew , Goodyear-Smith Felicity
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Adolescents often present at primary care clinics with nonspecific physical symptoms when, in fact, they have at least 1 mental health or risk behavior (psychosocial) issue with which they would like help but do not disclose to their care provider. Despite global recommendations, over 50% of youths are not screened for mental health and risk behavior issues in primary care.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to examine the implementation, acceptability, feasibility, benefits, and barriers of e-screening tools for mental health and risk behaviors among youth in primary care settings.

METHODS

Electronic databases—MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews—were searched for studies on the routine screening of youth in primary care settings. Screening tools needed to be electronic and screen for at least 1 mental health or risk behavior issue. A total of 11 studies that were reported in 12 articles, of which all were from high-income countries, were reviewed.

RESULTS

e-Screening was largely proven to be feasible and acceptable to youth and their primary care providers. Preconsultation e-screening facilitated discussions about sensitive issues and increased disclosure by youth. However, barriers such as the lack of time, training, and discomfort in raising sensitive issues with youth continued to be reported.

CONCLUSIONS

To implement e-screening, clinicians need to change their behaviors, and e-screening processes must become normalized into their workflows. Co-designing and tailoring screening implementation frameworks to meet the needs of specific contexts may be required to ensure that clinicians overcome initial resistances and perceived barriers and adopt the required processes in their work.
Validity of Self-Reported Sexual Function Scales: A Comparison Study with Auxiliary-Reporting (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Chunling , Tu Xuchong , Liu Zhuojie , Xi Yu , Hu Tengfei , Feng Jiarong , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Sexual function scales are widely used in self-diagnosis and web-based surveys, but their validity has not been evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the validity of self-reported sexual function scales.

METHODS

The participants who visited our hospital from June 1, 2020 to April 1, 2021 filled two questionnaires. The first, self-report version (SRV), was filled individually. The second, auxiliary-report version (ARV) was filled after explanation and aid from a researcher. The ARV was used as the standard, and the classification was based on age, occupation, education, Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF-6), and sexual frequency. The number of misdeclarations, overestimations, underestimations, false-positive, and false-negative rates of Erection Hardness Scale (EHS), IIEF-6, Masturbation Erection Index (MEI), and PEDT in the SRV were evaluated. The intraclass correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation, and Bland-Altman plot were used to assess consistency.

RESULTS

A total of 322 patients who visited our hospital were included. The SRV error rate was higher for participants over 40 years of age. The remaining categories had no effect on the error rate of the SRV. In addition, as individuals, participants were more likely to overestimate the severity of their disease in the SRV, consistent with a false-positive rate. Overall, there was consistency between the two questionnaires.

CONCLUSIONS

The self-reporting of EHS, IIEF-6, MEI, and PEDT by participants was valid. These can help patients to effectively and quickly reach conclusions in a cost-friendly manner. However, misdiagnoses are possible.

CLINICALTRIAL

The present study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Reg. No. [2021]02-249-01).
Use of Smartphone Health Apps Among Patients Aged 18 to 69 Years in Primary Care: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Paradis Sabrina , Roussel Jeremy , Bosson Jean-Luc , Kern Jean-Baptiste
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The World Health Organization has defined mobile health (mHealth) as the “use of mobile and wireless technologies to support the achievement of health objectives.” Smartphones currently represent one of the main media forms for mHealth democratization. Health apps can be an interesting tool for changing health behaviors. However, their use in France is still poorly documented.

OBJECTIVE

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of use of health apps among patients consulting in the primary care setting in France. The secondary aims were to evaluate the use of health apps according to the sociodemographic and medical characteristics of patients and to determine their use.

METHODS

A population-based cross-sectional survey was carried out between November 2017 and January 2018 in the Grenoble area of France among patients aged between 18 and 69 years who were consulting at 13 primary care physician offices. Patients were provided with anonymous paper self-questionnaires. The main criterion for participation was the use of a smartphone health app, defined for the purpose of this study as any app supporting patients in efforts to be healthy.

RESULTS

The participation rate was 49.27% (739/1500; 95% CI 46.7%-51.8%). The smartphone use was estimated at 82.6% (597/723; 95% CI 79.6%-85.2%). Of 597 smartphone owners, 47.7% (283/595; CI 43.6%-51.6%) used at least one smartphone health app. Health apps identified in this study were mainly related to wellness, prevention, and fitness (66.1%), as well as medication, treatments, and follow-up care (50.0%). The main factors associated with health app use were: use of social networks (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% CI 2.1-5.3), age under 30 years (OR 2.7, CI 1.4-4.9), city size between 5001 and 10,000 inhabitants (OR 1.8, CI 1.1-2.8), and city size more than 10,000 inhabitants (OR 2.1, CI 1.4-3.2).

CONCLUSIONS

In this survey, nearly one out of two patients reported the use of smartphone health apps, which are currently focused on wellness, prevention, and fitness, and are largely used by the younger population.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03351491; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03351491
Cluster Analysis of Primary Care Physician Phenotypes for Electronic Health Record Use: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Fong Allan , Iscoe Mark , Sinsky Christine A , Haimovich Adrian D , Williams Brian , O'Connell Ryan T , Goldstein Richard , Melnick Edward
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Electronic health records (EHRs) have become ubiquitous in US office-based physician practices. However, the different ways in which users engage with EHRs remain poorly characterized.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore EHR use phenotypes among ambulatory care physicians.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort analysis, we applied affinity propagation, an unsupervised clustering machine learning technique, to identify EHR user types among primary care physicians.

RESULTS

We identified 4 distinct phenotype clusters generalized across internal medicine, family medicine, and pediatrics specialties. Total EHR use varied for physicians in 2 clusters with above-average ratios of work outside of scheduled hours. This finding suggested that one cluster of physicians may have worked outside of scheduled hours out of necessity, whereas the other preferred ad hoc work hours. The two remaining clusters represented physicians with below-average EHR time and physicians who spend the largest proportion of their EHR time on documentation.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings demonstrate the utility of cluster analysis for exploring EHR use phenotypes and may offer opportunities for interventions to improve interface design to better support users’ needs.
Developing a Dietary Lifestyle Ontology to Improve the Interoperability of Dietary Data: Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyeoneui , Jung Jinsun , Choi Jisung
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Dietary habits offer crucial information on one's health and form a considerable part of the patient-generated health data. Dietary data are collected through various channels and formats; thus, interoperability is a significant challenge to reusing this type of data. The vast scope of dietary concepts and the colloquial expression style add difficulty to standardizing the data. The interoperability issues of dietary data can be addressed through Common Data Elements with metadata annotation to some extent. However, making culture-specific dietary habits and questionnaire-based dietary assessment data interoperable still requires substantial efforts.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this study was to address the interoperability challenge of questionnaire-based dietary data from different cultural backgrounds by combining ontological curation and metadata annotation of dietary concepts. Specifically, this study aimed to develop a Dietary Lifestyle Ontology (DILON) and demonstrate the improved interoperability of questionnaire-based dietary data by annotating its main semantics with DILON.

METHODS

By analyzing 1158 dietary assessment data elements (367 in Korean and 791 in English), 515 dietary concepts were extracted and used to construct DILON. To demonstrate the utility of DILON in addressing the interoperability challenges of questionnaire-based multicultural dietary data, we developed 10 competency questions that asked to identify data elements sharing the same dietary topics and assessment properties. We instantiated 68 data elements on dietary habits selected from Korean and English questionnaires and annotated them with DILON to answer the competency questions. We translated the competency questions into Semantic Query-Enhanced Web Rule Language and reviewed the query results for accuracy.

RESULTS

DILON was built with 262 concept classes and validated with ontology validation tools. A small overlap (72 concepts) in the concepts extracted from the questionnaires in 2 languages indicates that we need to pay closer attention to representing culture-specific dietary concepts. The Semantic Query-Enhanced Web Rule Language queries reflecting the 10 competency questions yielded correct results.

CONCLUSIONS

Ensuring the interoperability of dietary lifestyle data is a demanding task due to its vast scope and variations in expression. This study demonstrated that we could improve the interoperability of dietary data generated in different cultural contexts and expressed in various styles by annotating their core semantics with DILON.
COELENTERATE TOXINS, ITS PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS
Authors: SHARMA SIMRAN , UPADHYAY RAVI KANT
Published: November 2021

Present review article emphasizes species specific coelenterate toxins, its pharmaceutical and therapeutic effects. Most of the coelenterates inflict venom accidently by using nematocysts found on arms. These animals very quickly do massive and multiple inflictions of venom which causes cardiotoxicity that leads to the death of human beings. Coelenterate venom toxin groups differ in their composition and show diverse biological activity i.e. cytolytic or neurotoxic, hemolytic, anti-parasitic activity, α-amylase inhibitor activity, and analgesic activity anti-cancerous and antitumor activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Coelenterate venom initiates toxic and immunological reactions exert their effects by modifying the properties of the ion channels involved in action potential generation in nerve, heart, and skeletal muscles. This article suggests available information, on coelenterate toxins could be used to develop potential therapeutic interventions for various human diseases and disorders.
RECENT ADVANCES INPHARMACOTHERAPY OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: NARWAT ARVIND , SHARMA VIVEK , KUMAR SUNEEL , RANI SEEMA
Published: November 2021

The management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a long-standing challenge and area of interest. Advances in knowledge of the pathogenesis of disease and an increase in disease burden have prompted investigation into innovative therapeutics over the last two decades. Current approved therapies are symptomatic treatments having some effect on cognitive function. Therapies that target β-amyloid (Aβ) have been the focus of efforts to develop a disease modification treatment for AD but these approaches have failed to show any clinical benefit so far. Beyond the 'Aβ hypothesis', there are a number of newer approaches to treat AD. This short review will summarize approved drug therapies, recent clinical trials and new approaches for the treatment of AD.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MASLINIC ACID LOADED TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
Authors: CHOUDHORY NEHA , KAUR TARANJIT , SINGH AJEET PAL , SINGH AMAR PAL
Published: November 2021

Objective: To develop and evaluate Transdermal patch of Maslinic acid for Transdermal drug delivery. The current study is to develop Transdermal drug delivery system.

Methods: Suitable method such as Solvent Casting Technique of Film Casting Technique are used for preparation of Transdermal patch.

Results: The prepared Transdermal patches were transparent, smooth, uniform and flexible. The method adopted for the preparation of the system was found satisfactory.

Conclusion: Various formulations were developed by using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers like HPMC E5 and EC respectively in single and combinations by solvent evaporation technique with the incorporation of penetration enhancer such as dimethylsulfoxide and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer In vitro studies concluded that HPMC E5 patches has better release than that of EC patches, which may be attributed to high water vapour permeability of HPMC patches and hydrophobic nature of EC. An attempt was made to incorporate HPMC E5 and EC to the monolithic system for better release and prolong the duration of release. Formulation F7 containing an equal ratio of HPMC E5: EC (5:5) showed maximum and sustained release of 86.816±0.264 within 24 h. Kinetic models were used to confirm the release mechanism of the formulations. Maslinic acid release from the patches F1 to F7 followed non Fickian diffusion rate controlled mechanism.
СЕМЕЙСТВО КОМПИЛЯТОРОВ РАДИАЦИОННО СТОЙКИХ БЛОКОВ ПАМЯТИ ПО ТЕХНОЛОГИЯМ КМОП/КНИ С ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ НОРМАМИ 180/90 НМ
Authors: Ильин С.А. , Ласточкин О.В. , Новиков А.А. , Шипицин Д.С.
Published: November 2021

В статье описывается семейство компиляторов радиационно стойких блоков памяти, разработанных в АО «НИИМЭ» для действующих и перспективных конструкторско-технологических платформ проектирования по технологиям КМОП (RHBD) и КНИ с нормами 90/180 нм, приведены ключевые характеристики компиляторов.
ОЦЕНКА ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СТАНДАРТНЫХ ЦИФРОВЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ОТ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТОПОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНСТРУКТИВА ДЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КМОП 28 НМ
Authors: Ильин С.А. , Копейкин Д.Ю. , Ласточкин О.В. , Шипицин Д.С.
Published: November 2021

Выполнен сравнительный анализ характеристик стандартных ячеек для разных длин канала приборов: с длиной канала транзистора 30 и 40 нм, шага регулярной структуры 140 нм, с разными опциями порогового напряжения; дана оценка изменения характеристик стандартных ячеек в зависимости от высоты топологического конструктива.
СТРАТЕГИЯ МНОГОТОЧЕЧНОЙ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ МАТРИЦ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ В ЗАДАЧАХ РЕДУКЦИИ МОДЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ СХЕМОТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА
Authors: Гурарий М.М. , Русаков С.Г. , Ульянов С.Л.
Published: November 2021

Обсуждается адаптивная процедура редукции моделей на базе многоточечного проекционного подхода с определением частотных точек для базисных векторов при текущем контроле ошибок. Представлены численные экспериментальные результаты.
ОПЫТ РАЗРАБОТКИ МОНОЛИТНЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ НА ОСНОВЕ НИТРИДНЫХ ГЕТЕРОСТРУКТУР
Authors: Иванова Н.Е. , Гнатюк Д.Л. , Матвеенко О.С.
Published: November 2021

Представлены технологические возможности и опыт проектирования и изготовления СВЧ монолитных интегральных схем диапазона частот до 100 ГГц на основе нитридных гетеростуктур.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАБОТЫ КОМПЛЕКСА "БЕЗНАКАЛЬНЫЙ МАГНЕТРОН - МОДУЛЯТОР"
Authors: Мельников В.А.
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрена работа безнакальных магнетронов в комплексе со схемами импульсных модуляторов с импульсным трансформатором и твердотельными ключами. Приведена оценка работы комплекса на электрические характеристики магнетрона с «холодным» катодом.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И РАЗРАБОТКА КВАДРАТУРНОГО МОДУЛЯТОРА СО ВСТРОЕННЫМ СИНТЕЗАТОРОМ ЧАСТОТ В ДИАПАЗОНЕ 50 МГЦ - 5 ГГЦ
Authors: Калёнов А.Д. , Недашковский Л.В. , Шабардин Р.С. , Федичев Ю.Ю. , Ионов Л.П. , Мухин И.И.
Published: November 2021

В работе представлены результаты проектирования МИС широкополосного квадратурного модулятора со встроенным синтезатором частот в диапазоне 50 МГц - 5 ГГц по технологии 180 нм БиКМОП SiGe. В предложенной архитектуре полоса сигнала модулятора регулируется в соответствии с выходной частотой синтезатора. По результатам моделирования коэффициент передачи - не менее 0 дБ, уровень фазовых шумов сигнала гетеродина на отстройке 1 МГц - не более минус 126 дБн/Гц, линейность по выходу - не менее 10 дБм, ток потребления - не более 290 мА.
СВЕРХШИРОКОПОЛОСНЫЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ НА ПОДЛОЖКЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЭЛЕКТРООПТИЧЕСКОЙ СТРОБОСКОПИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ
Authors: Клеопин А.В. , Зенченко М.А.
Published: November 2021

Проведены исследования частотных и энергетических параметров согласованной копланарной линии на подложке из низкотемпературного GaAs, планируемой к применению в качестве центрального узла электрооптической стробоскопической измерительной установки с полосой пропускания выше 110 ГГц.
СИЛОВОЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ КЛЮЧ С ПОВЫШЕННЫМИ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫМИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМИ
Authors: Крымко М.М. , Максимов А.Н. , Дик П.А. , Краснов А.А. , Ледовских А.П. , Кибереев Н.С.
Published: November 2021

В работе представлены особенности проектирования силового интеллектуального ключа в металлокерамическом корпусе для поверхностного монтажа.
МНОГОКРИСТАЛЬНЫЙ МОДУЛЬ ДЛЯ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ПОВЫШАЮЩИХ ИЛИ ПОНИЖАЮЩИХ DC-DC- ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Крымко М.М. , Корнеев С.В. , Шумков И.Е. , Ростанин А.Н. , Христьяновский А.Г.
Published: November 2021

Разработан высоконадежный радиационно- стойкий силовой модуль, предназначенный для построения понижающих или повышающих преобразователей напряжения.
INVESTIGATIONS ON FORAGE YIELD OF OAT GENOTYTPES UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF KONYA
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Ahsan , Shafqat Waqar
Published: November 2021

Shoot tips of newly emerging mango shoots were used as an explant and cultured on MS media for direct shooting. Different plant growth regulators i.e. BAP, NAA and IAA in varying concentrations were added to basal MS media. Experiment was laid out according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and each treatment was replicated thrice. Maximum shoot induction (55.56%) was observed with 1 mg/L of BAP. Maximum mortality (83.30%) was observed when maximum concentration of BAP (3 mg/L) was used. Minimum days (12.633) to induce shoots were observed on MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L of BAP. Maximum number of shoots (2.50) were recorded in MS media supplemented with 1 mg/L of BAP. Low concentration of NAA initiated roots earlier in regenerated shoots as compare to high concentrations of NAA and IAA. MS media supplemented with NAA (1 mg/L) took less days (21 days) to induce roots. The combination of auxins (MS+ NAA 3 mg /L + IAA 1 mg /L) proved the best for root induction (38.87%). Keywords: Mangifera indica, tropical fruits, asexual propagation, plant tissue culture, micropropagation, phenolic exudation, acclimatization.
Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and its application in Dental Science
Authors: Martis Glanish Jude
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Zinc oxide can be called a multifunctional material which has high binding, antimicrobial, UV protection properties. These depend upon the size, shape and absorption peak. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are reported in attracting much attention due to their versatile and promising applications in biological sciences, such as antimicrobial, antifungal agent. Zinc oxide has the sealing ability for cavity filling, acting as cavity filler in the field of dentistry. Each of these factors were noteworthy in determining the properties of materials that lead to different dental applications. On the basis of above facts, we synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using ZnSO4 pellets with aqueous NaOH solution which will result in Zn(OH)2 and it was further decomposed to ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles obtained were subjected for characterization using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The nanoparticles has a absorption peak of 379nm. FTIR showed bands from 2523cm-1 to 500cm-1 . The Scanning Electron Microscope revealed the nanoparticles to be in Spherical shape with size 96.3nm.The ZnO nanoparticles was subjected to antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method with E.coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus mutans MTCC 497, Lactobacillus acidophilus MTCC 10307 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.These properties of nanoparticles will help in the application of dental science in preparing nanocavity filling material. As we synthesized molecules containing Zinc Oxide and subjected them for characterization, the strength and solubility tests are also determined for the obtained Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. The properties of nanoparticles will aid in the application for dentistry. Keywords: Cavity Filler; SEM; Olive oil; Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles; Dental Science
Do agreeableness and social value orientation predict altruistic behavior under time pressure?
Authors: Li Qiangqiang , Hu Gengdan , Pan Dandan
Published: November 2021

Although time pressure is closely related to altruistic behavior, there is relatively little research on whether altruistic traits can predict altruistic behavior under time pressure. Using a modified dictator game paradigm, we investigated whether the altruistic traits of agreeableness and social value orientation could predict altruistic behavior under time pressure. We recruited 120 participants for the main study and used a one-factor within-subjects design in which respondents made decisions about allocation of 10 yuan and 100 yuan options under time pressure. Results show that although agreeableness negatively predicted altruistic behavior, and social value orientation positively predicted altruistic behavior under time pressure, these traits were not significantly related to real-life altruistic behavior. Thus, the two altruistic traits differed in their effects on altruistic behavior under intuitive processing, and there were different psychological mechanisms for the effects of the traits on altruistic behavior.
PARTICIPATION OF PEDAGOGICAL WORKERS IN THE STATE FINAL CERTIFICATION: LEGAL ISSUES
Authors:   Saratov State Academy of Law, Ivanov A.A. , Kondrashov Yu.A. ,   Saratov State Academy of Law
Published: November 2021

Issues of using teachers’ labor during the period of state final certification in the formats of the Unified State Exam / Main State Exam are considered. The questions of legality of teachers’ involvement in the organization of state final certification are analyzed. The conclusion about the necessity to apply the contractual form to the specified relations is made.
IMAGE VS REPRESENTATION OF A REGION IN THE MEDIA: ANALYSIS OF COMMON INTERPRETATIONS
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Khuazhev А.А.
Published: November 2021

Russian scholars’ approaches to interpretations of the terms “image” and “representation” are analyzed. Essential differences between the notions in relation to the way regions may be portrayed in the media landscape are emphasized. An authorial definition of a region’s media image is formulated.
INTERNATIONAL ROUND TABLE “CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE MECHANISM OF REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS” (Saratov, Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin, June 23, 2021)
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Velieva D.S. , Presnyakov M.V. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: November 2021

The article is a review of the Interunational Round Table “Constitutional Principle of Legal Certainty in the Mechanism of Realization of Human Rights: Problems and Prospects” which took place in the Sity of Saratov at Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin on June 23, 2021.
Pengaruh Penambahan Bentonit dan NaCl Terhadap Nilai Tahanan Pentanahan dengan Elekroda Batang Tunggal dan Ganda
Authors: Ridho M , Hais Yosi Riduas , Pathoni Haerul
Published: November 2021

Nilai tahanan pentanahan disekitar elektroda dibumikan merupakan hal yang penting dalam sistem pentanahan, karena semakin kecilnya nilai tahanan pentanahan maka arus gangguan pada sistem dapat dengan cepat tersebar merata ke dalam tanah. Metode yang digunakan dalam menurunkan nilai tahanan pentanahan adalah dengan menambahkan zat aditif kedalam tanah, zat aditif yang sering digunakan adalah bentonit dan NaCl. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa pengaruh penambahan bentonit dan NaCl terhadap nilai tahanan pentanahan serta mengetahui perbandingannya pada sistem pentanahan dengan menggunakan elektroda batang tunggal dan elektroda batang ganda. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa bentonit lebih baik dari pada NaCl dalam menurunkan tahanan pentanahan, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban bentonit lebih tinggi dan memiliki sifat menahan air serta penambahan volumenya, dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 89%−93.8%, sedangkan dengan menggunakan NaCl penurunannya hanya sebesar 69,8%−78% dan jika diaplikasikan menggunakan elektroda batang ganda yang di paralelkan dapat menurunkan tahanan sebesar 2 ohm – 5 ohm.