bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial assessment of advanced-stage diagnosis and lung cancer mortality in Brazil
Authors: Lima Kálya Yasmine Nunes de , Cancela Marianna de Camargo , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra
Published: March 2022

The high incidence and mortality rates make lung cancer a global public health issue. Socioeconomic conditions and the provision of health services may be associated with this reality. This study investigates the spatial distribution of advanced-stage diagnosis and mortality due to lung cancer and its association with the healthcare services supply and demographic and socioeconomic indicators in Brazil. This is an ecological study with 161 Intermediate Regions of Urban Articulation. Mortality data were extracted from the Mortality Information System, and the cases of lung cancer were obtained from the Integrator of Hospital-Based Cancer Registries from 2011 to 2015. Analyses employed Moran’s I, local indicators of spatial association, and the multivariable model. The proportion of advanced-stage diagnosis was 85.28% (95% CI 83.31–87.10) and was positively associated with the aging rate (Moran’s I 0.11; p = 0.02), per capita income (Moran’s I 0.05; p = 0.01) and negatively associated with Gini Index (Moran’s I -0.16; p = 0.01). The mean age-adjusted mortality rates was 12.82 deaths/100,000 inhabitants (SD 5.12). The age-adjusted mortality rates for lung cancer presented a positive and statistically significant spatial association with all demographic, socioeconomic and healthcare services supply indicators, except for the "density of family health teams" (Moran’s I -0.02 p = 0.28). The multivariable model for the mortality rates was constituted by the variables “Density of facilities licensed in oncology”, “Per capita income”, and “Health plan coverage”. The per capita income presented positive association and health plan coverage negative association with age-adjusted mortality rates. Both associations were statistically significant. The variable density of facilities licensed in oncology showed no significant association with age-adjusted mortality rates. There is a high proportion of advanced-stage diagnosis across the Brazilian territory and inequalities in lung cancer mortality, which are correlated with the most developed areas of the country.
Presence of unsafe chemical impurities, accelerated evaporation of alcohol, and lack of key labeling requirements are risks and concerns for some alcohol-based hand sanitizers and dispenser practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Manuel Clyde S. , Yeomans Dawn J. , Williams Jessica A. , Fricker Christopher , Kucera Kaury , Light David , Arbogast James W.
Published: March 2022

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) have been an important hand hygiene tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, ABHS from non-traditional drug manufacturers have entered the market, triggered by a lack of ABHS availability. Some of these ABHS contain high levels of chemical impurities that may be harmful with frequent exposure. Additionally, the use of refillable dispensers designed to accept ABHS from bulk containers allows for mixing and evaporation that may compromise ABHS integrity. To understand the risks associated with low quality ABHS and bulk refilling practices, we collected 77 ABHS samples sourced from community settings (restaurants, grocery stores, etc.) and 40 samples from a single school district. All samples were obtained from bulk refillable dispensers that were in use. Samples were analyzed for alcohol content, chemical impurities, aesthetic qualities, and presence of drug labeling information. Additionally, we performed laboratory-based experiments to determine the impact of dispenser design on alcohol evaporation rates. Over 70% of samples for which photos were available showed lack of essential labeling information, including missing “Drug Facts Labels”. For ABHS samples acquired from community settings, nearly 14% of samples had visible impurities, and over 30% of samples had concentrations of acetal and acetaldehyde in excess of FDA interim limits. Subpotent ethanol concentrations were observed in 9.09% and 82.05% of samples from community settings and the school district, respectively, with the school district sample results being associated with dispenser misuse. Laboratory-based experiments show dispenser design significantly impacts the rate of ethanol evaporation of ABHS products, especially if stored in open refillable dispensers without an internal reservoir. This study demonstrates risks associated with use of inferior ABHS and bulk refilling practices. Regulatory agencies should issue guidance on best practices in community settings to ensure the integrity of ABHS as an essential public health tool to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other transmissible diseases.
A low albumin level as a risk factor for transient severe motion artifact induced by gadoxetate disodium administration: A retrospective observational study with free-breathing dynamic MRI and an experimental study in rats
Authors: Sugiura Takumi , Okumura Kenichiro , Sasaki Motomitsu , Matsumoto Junichi , Ogi Takahiro , Yoneda Norihide , Kitao Azusa , Kozaka Kazuto , Koda Wataru , Kobayashi Satoshi , Gabata Toshifumi
Published: March 2022

Objectives

In the arterial phase of gadoxetate disodium administration for dynamic MRI, transient severe motion (TSM) sometimes occurs, making image evaluation difficult. This study was to identify risk factors for TSM in a clinical study, and confirm them and investigate the cause in an animal study.

Methods

A retrospective, single-center, observational study included patients who underwent dynamic MRI using gadoxetate disodium for the first time from April 2016 to September 2019 and free-breathing MRI was performed. Differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory tests between the presence and absence of TSM were examined. Animal experiments were conducted in 50 rats; gadoxetate disodium was injected into three sites (distal inferior vena cava (IVC), ascending aorta, and descending aorta) to identify the organ which triggers respiratory irregularities. Phosphate-buffered saline and gadopentetate dimeglumine were also injected into the distal IVC. In addition, to evaluate the effect of albumin, gadoxetate disodium was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline or 5% human serum albumin and injected into the ascending aorta. The time course of the respiratory rate was monitored and evaluated.

Results

20 of 51 (39.2%) patients showed TSM. On multivariable analysis, a low albumin level was an independent risk factor (P = .035). Gadoxetate disodium administration caused significant tachypnea compared to gadopentetate dimeglumine or PBS (an elevation of 16.6 vs 3.0 or 4.3 breaths/min; both P < .001) in rats. The starting time of tachypnea was earlier with injection into the ascending aorta than into the descending aorta (10.3 vs 17.9 sec; P < .001) and the distal IVC (vs 15.6 sec; P < .001). With dilution with albumin instead of phosphate-buffered saline, tachypnea was delayed and suppressed (9.9 vs 13.0 sec; P < .001, 24.1 vs 17.0 breaths/min; P = .031).

Conclusions

A low albumin level is a risk factor for TSM, which could be caused by the effect of gadoxetate disodium on the head and neck region.
Sustained reduction in numbers of Australian fur seal pups: Implications for future population monitoring
Authors: McIntosh Rebecca R. , Sorrell Karina J. , Thalmann Sam , Mitchell Anthony , Gray Rachael , Schinagl Harley , Arnould John P. Y. , Dann Peter , Kirkwood Roger
Published: March 2022

Fur seal populations in the Southern Hemisphere were plundered in the late 1700s and early 1800s to provide fur for a clothing industry. Millions of seals were killed resulting in potentially major ecosystem changes across the Southern Hemisphere, the consequences of which are unknown today. Following more than a century of population suppression, partly through on-going harvesting, many of the fur seal populations started to recover in the late 1900s. Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), one of the most geographically constrained fur seal species, followed this trend. From the 1940s to 1986, pup production remained at approximately 10,000 per year, then significant growth commenced. By 2007, live pup abundance had recovered to approximately 21,400 per year and recovery was expected to continue However, a species-wide survey in 2013 recorded a 20% decline, to approximately 16,500 live pups. It was not known if this decline was due to 2013 being a poor breeding year or a true population reduction. Here we report the results of a population-wide survey conducted in 2017 and annual monitoring at the most productive colony, Seal Rocks, Victoria that recorded a large decline in live pup abundance (-28%). Sustained lower pup numbers at Seal Rocks from annual counts between 2012–2017 (mean = 2908 ± 372 SD), as well as the population-wide estimate of 16,903 live pups in 2017, suggest that the pup numbers for the total population have remained at the lower level observed in 2013 and that the 5-yearly census results are not anomalies or representative of poor breeding seasons. Potential reasons for the decline, which did not occur range-wide but predominantly in the most populated and long-standing breeding sites, are discussed. To enhance adaptive management of this species, methods for future monitoring of the population are also presented. Australian fur seals occupy several distinct regions influenced by different currents and upwellings: range-wide pup abundance monitoring enables comparisons of ecosystem status across these regions. Forces driving change in Australian fur seal pup numbers are likely to play across other marine ecosystems, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere where most fur seals live.
Understanding the experience of veterans who require lower limb amputation in the veterans health administration
Authors: Leonard Chelsea , Sayre George , Williams Sienna , Henderson Alison , Norvell Daniel , Turner Aaron P. , Czerniecki Joseph
Published: March 2022

Purpose

There is limited qualitative research on the experience of patients undergoing lower limb amputation due to chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) and their participation in amputation-level decisions. This study was performed to understand patient lived experiences related to amputation and patient involvement in shared decision making.

Materials and methods

Phenomenological interviews were conducted with Veterans 6–12 months post transtibial or transmetatarsal amputation due to CLTI. Interviews were read and summarized by two analysts who discussed the contents of each interview and relationships between interviews to identify emergent, cross-cutting elements of patient experience.

Results

Twelve patients were interviewed between March and August 2019. Three cross cutting elements of patient lived experience and participation in shared decision making were identified: 1) Lacking a sense of decision making; 2) Actively working towards recovery as response to a perceived loss of independence; and 3) Experiencing amputation as a Veteran.

Conclusions

Patients did not report a high level of involvement in shared decision making about their amputation or amputation level. Understanding patient experiences and priorities is crucial to supporting shared decision making for Veterans with amputation due to CLTI.
Physicochemical investigation of a novel curcumin diethyl γ-aminobutyrate, a carbamate ester prodrug of curcumin with enhanced anti-neuroinflammatory activity
Authors: Jithavech Ponsiree , Suwattananuruk Piyapan , Hasriadi  , Muangnoi Chawanphat , Thitikornpong Worathat , Towiwat Pasarapa , Vajragupta Opa , Rojsitthisak Pornchai
Published: March 2022

Curcumin is a polyphenol compound that alleviates several neuroinflammation-related diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and cerebral injury. However, the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin is limited by its poor physicochemical properties. The present study aimed to develop a new carrier-linked curcumin prodrug, curcumin diethyl γ-aminobutyrate (CUR-2GE), with improved physicochemical and anti-neuroinflammatory properties. CUR-2GE was designed and synthesized by conjugating curcumin with gamma-aminobutyric acid ethyl ester (GE) via a carbamate linkage. The carbamate linkage was selected to increase stability at acidic pH while GE served as a promoiety for lipophilic enhancement. The synthesized CUR-2GE was investigated for solubility, partition coefficient, stability, and bioconversion. The solubility of CUR-2GE was less than 0.05 μg/mL similar to that of curcumin, while the lipophilicity with log P of 3.57 was significantly increased. CUR-2GE was resistant to chemical hydrolysis at acidic pH (pH 1.2 and 4.5) as anticipated but rapidly hydrolyzed at pH 6.8 and 7.4. The incomplete hydrolysis of CUR-2GE was observed in simulated gastrointestinal fluids which liberated the intermediate curcumin monoethyl γ-aminobutyric acid (CUR-1GE) and the parent curcumin. In plasma, CUR-2GE was sequentially converted to CUR-1GE and curcumin within 1 h. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells, CUR-2GE effectively attenuated the pro-inflammatory mediators by decreasing the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) to a greater extent than curcumin due to an increase in cellular uptake. Altogether, the newly developed acid-stable CUR-2GE prodrug is a potential pre-clinical and clinical candidate for further evaluation on neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
Early supplemental parenteral nutrition for the achievement of nutritional goals in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: An observational cohort study
Authors: Kofler Mario , Beer Ronny , Marinoni Stephanie , Schiefecker Alois J. , Gaasch Maxime , Rass Verena , Lindner Anna , Lanosi Bogdan A. , Rhomberg Paul , Pfausler Bettina , Thomé Claudius , Stover John F. , Schmutzhard Erich , Helbok Raimund
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Enteral nutrition (EN) often fails to achieve nutritional goals in neurocritical care patients. We sought to investigate the safety and utility of supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.

Materials and methods

Data of 70 consecutive patients with non-traumatic SAH admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a tertiary referral center were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. We targeted the provision of 20–25 kilocalories per kilogram bodyweight per day (kcal/kg/d) by enteral nutrition. Supplemental PN was given when this target could not be reached. Nutritional data were analyzed for up to 14 days of ICU stay. Hospital complications were tested for associations with impaired enteral feeding. The amounts of EN and PN were tested for associations with the level of protein delivery and functional outcome. Repeated measurements within subjects were handled utilizing generalized estimating equations.

Results

Forty (27 women and 13 men) of 70 screened patients were eligible for the analysis. Median age was 61 (IQR 49–71) years, 8 patients (20%) died in the hospital. Thirty-six patients (90%) received PN for a median duration of 8 (IQR 4–12) days. The provision of 20 kcal/kg by EN on at least 1 day of ICU stay was only achieved in 24 patients (60%). Hydrocephalus (p = 0.020), pneumonia (p = 0.037) and sepsis (p = 0.013) were associated with impaired enteral feeding. Neither the amount nor the duration of PN administration was associated with an increased risk of severe complications or poor outcome. Supplemental PN was associated with significantly increased protein delivery (p<0.001). In patients with sepsis or pneumonia, there was an association between higher protein delivery and good functional outcome (p<0.001 and p = 0.031), but not in the overall cohort (p = 0.08).

Conclusions

Enteral feeding was insufficient to achieve nutritional goals in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Supplemental PN was safe and associated with increased protein delivery. A higher protein supply was associated with good functional outcome in patients who developed sepsis or pneumonia.
HIV-1 infections with multiple founders associate with the development of neutralization breadth
Authors: Lewitus Eric , Townsley Samantha M. , Li Yifan , Donofrio Gina C. , Dearlove Bethany L. , Bai Hongjun , Sanders-Buell Eric , O’Sullivan Anne Marie , Bose Meera , Kibuuka Hannah , Maganga Lucas , Nitayaphan Sorachai , Sawe Fredrick K. , Eller Leigh Anne , Michael Nelson L. , Polonis Victoria R. , Ake Julie A. , Vasan Sandhya , Robb Merlin L. , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Krebs Shelly J. , Rolland Morgane
Published: March 2022

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a cornerstone of HIV-1 vaccine strategies. Comparing HIV-1 envelope (env) sequences from the first weeks of infection to the breadth of antibody responses observed several years after infection can help define viral features critical to vaccine design. We investigated the relationship between HIV-1 env genetics and the development of neutralization breadth in 70 individuals enrolled in a prospective acute HIV-1 cohort. Half of the individuals who developed bnAbs were infected with multiple HIV-1 founder variants, whereas all individuals with limited neutralization breadth had been infected with single HIV-1 founders. Accordingly, at HIV-1 diagnosis, env diversity was significantly higher in participants who later developed bnAbs compared to those with limited breadth (p = 0.012). This association between founder multiplicity and the subsequent development of neutralization breadth was also observed in 56 placebo recipients in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. In addition, we found no evidence that neutralization breath was heritable when analyzing env sequences from the 126 participants. These results demonstrate that the presence of slightly different HIV-1 variants in acute infection could promote the induction of bnAbs, suggesting a novel vaccine strategy, whereby an initial immunization with a cocktail of minimally distant antigens would be able to initiate bnAb development towards breadth.
La intensificación en los artículos de opinión de la prensa española: el caso de Harvey Weinstein
Authors: Hernández-Guerra Conchi
Published: March 2022

El trabajo que presentamos se propone analizar la intensificación en los autores que escriben en la prensa española. El corpus escogido para el mismo son diez artículos de opinión publicados a raíz del estallido del caso Harvey Weinstein. Es decir, entre los meses de octubre del año 2017 y mayo de 2018. Las fechas no se han escogido al azar. Al contrario, fueron los meses posteriores a la denuncia y, por tanto, muchos autores quisieron aportar su opinión. Por otro lado, se han escogido artículos de opinión porque en ellos el autor goza de cierta libertad para describir desde un punto de vista personal unos hechos bien conocidos por la audiencia, además de plasmar su opinión personal al respecto. Por tanto, es un campo interesante para el estudio de la intensificación porque el formato no se ciñe a unos estándares muy encorsetados. En otras palabras, queremos concluir hasta qué grado los autores se hacen eco de indignación o de si, por el contrario, se mantienen al margen utilizando términos neutros. El método que aplicamos es el que ofrecen Renkema (2001) y Torrent (2013). Por ello, hemos dividido los intensificadores en semánticos, léxicos y estilísticos. La razón de incluir a Torrent es porque agrega diferentes tipos de locuciones dentro de los intensificadores estilísticos. Esto nos ha parecido relevante ya que, después de analizado el corpus, esta inclusión aporta información interesante a las conclusiones. A su vez, la razón de escoger la división de Renkema es porque esta facilita obtener unas conclusiones objetivas y rigurosas. Por tanto, el análisis llevado a cabo es de contenido. Los resultados muestran que los ejemplos léxicos superan con creces los semánticos y estilísticos; y que los estilísticos no siguen un patrón común de frecuencia. En la discusión se incluye un análisis de los ejemplos más destacados.
Fuentes Rodríguez, C. (Coord.) (2020). Operadores en proceso. Múnich: Lincom GMBH (Lincom Studies in Spanish Linguistics). 182 páginas.
Authors: García Pérez José
Published: March 2022

Reseña de: Fuentes Rodríguez, C. (Coord.) (2020). Operadores en proceso. Múnich: Lincom GMBH (Lincom Studies in Spanish Linguistics). 182 pp. ISBN 9783862889983.
On the boundaries of special languages for translation of university management documents: Spanish-Russian
Authors: Candel-Mora Miguel Ángel , Polyakova Oksana
Published: March 2022

Research on special languages is approached from different perspectives: lexical, morphosyntactic and textual; for different purposes: language teaching, terminology, translation, or communication between specialists; and with methodologies and techniques from different disciplines, which makes it challenging to establish the limits of the field of study. From the point of view of translation, one of the key issues is establishing clear and well-defined boundaries of specialized texts to transfer both terminological and stylistic aspects to the target text. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to the research on the relationship between translation and special languages in Russian and Spanish by studying the language of the university management context after the Bologna Process, and then shed light on the establishment of the domain boundaries in special languages. The vast production of technical documents, reports, declarations, manuals, annual reports, institutional agreements raises the following complementary objectives of this research: to define the relevant role of translation in the specialized communication process, and present a delimitation of the conceptual field adapted to the translator’s needs. Therefore, we start from the premise that the detailed study of the characteristics of university terminology in both educational systems will help to solve some of the gaps in the specialized Spanish-Russian university domain. Therefore, the first section of the paper presents the theoretical background shared by the study of special languages, terminology and translation to conclude that identifying the conceptual field is crucial for the three disciplines. The second part of the paper presents the results of a textual and terminological study that highlights the main problems of equivalence between the language of university management in Spanish and Russian, and especially the difficulties of clearly delimiting the scope of the special language due to the number of areas that converge in this field along with the variety of documents generated.
Lavale-Ortiz, Ruth María (ed.) (2020). Cognitivismo y neología: estudios teóricos y aplicados. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert. 202 páginas
Authors: Esteban Fernández Nacho
Published: March 2022

Reseña de: Lavale-Ortiz, Ruth María (ed.) (2020). Cognitivismo y neología: estudios teóricos y aplicados. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert. 202 pp. ISBN 978-84-9192-129-5.
Los préstamos lingüísticos y la norma fónica del español actual
Authors: Ramírez Quesada Estrella
Published: March 2022

El ámbito de los préstamos lingüísticos ha suscitado el interés de numerosos investigadores desde diferentes perspectivas, tanto centradas en los procesos que afectan a los distintos niveles lingüísticos como destinadas a ilustrar diacrónica o sincrónicamente la presencia en el español de voces procedentes de otras lenguas, con las consiguientes informaciones culturales que de ello pueden extraerse. Asimismo, los préstamos, como parte de los fenómenos derivados del contacto de lenguas, conllevan un elevado interés para disciplinas como la psicolingüística o la sociolingüística. Con el objetivo de contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento de los préstamos en el español actual, en este artículo nos centramos en un área de la que se ha tratado en menor medida: el plano fónico. Examinamos las repercusiones que tiene la incorporación de voces foráneas en la norma fónica del español. De este modo, presentamos el concepto de norma –entendida en el sentido que le dio Eugenio Coseriu– y tratamos de mostrar su idoneidad en el estudio de los préstamos, como zona intermedia entre las unidades funcionales –en el caso que nos ocupa, los fonemas– y las realizaciones del habla individual. Seguidamente, tomando como referencia corpus orales, abordaremos la norma fónica resultante de la entrada de préstamos lingüísticos en el español actual, distinguiendo los subsistemas vocálico y consonántico; a ello añadiremos algunas consideraciones sobre los procesos en los que se ven afectadas la combinación y la distribución de las unidades fónicas. Finalizaremos con las conclusiones sobre lo tratado, con la idea de que algunos de los cambios son incipientes y, por tanto, debe observarse su evolución. Este trabajo, por consiguiente, pretende abrir vías de estudio en la norma fónica del español y mostrar la pertinencia del enfoque fonológico –y no solo el fonético– en la concepción de la norma para comprender las claves del proceso de incorporación y adaptación de las unidades fónicas extranjeras.
Dr. Lacorte, M. y Dr. Reyes-Torres, A. (2021). Didáctica del español como 2/L en el siglo XXI. Madrid: Arco/Libros. 342 páginas.
Authors: Domene Benito Rocío
Published: March 2022

Reseña de: Lacorte, M. y Reyes-Torres, A. (2021). Didáctica del español como 2/L en el siglo XXI. Madrid: Arco/Libros. 344 páginas. ISBN 978-84-7133-850-1.
INTERSEPSI, LOLOSAN TAJUK, DAN ALIRAN BATANG EMPAT JENIS POLONG-POLONGAN UNTUK KONSERVASI TANAH DAN AIR
Authors: Danarto Setyawan Agung , Yulistyarini Titut
Published: March 2022

Jenis polong-polongan (suku Fabaceae) banyak digunakan dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi lahan terdegradasi sebagai tanaman pionir dan penyubur tanah. Kinerja hidrologi pohon jenis polong-polongan dalam kaitannya dengan konservasi tanah dan air belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi besarnya lolosan tajuk, aliran batang dan intersepsi empat jenis polong-polongan terseleksi di Kebun Raya Purwodadi. Empat jenis pohon polong-polongan lokal yaitu Pterocarpus indicus, Cassia javanica, Senna siamea, dan Saraca indica diamati kinerja hidrologinya selama 20–30 hari hujan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat jenis polong-polongan yang memiliki model arsitektur tajuk yang sama yaitu troll dengan variasi karakteristik morfologi pohon dan daun menghasilkan variasi nilai pada intersepsi tajuk, lolosan tajuk dan aliran batang. Intersepsi dan lolosan tajuk keempat jenis pohon mempunyai nilai seimbang berkisar 30–70%, dengan aliran batang yang dihasilkan kecil berkisar 1–2%. Berdasarkan kinerja hidrologinya tersebut, penanaman keempat jenis polong-polongan untuk konservasi tanah dan air memerlukan upaya pengendalian lolosan tajuknya.
Bcl-2 Expression and Its Correlation with Histopathological Features in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumours
Authors: K. Archana , Das Nisha M.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND Bcl-2 gene is an apoptotic protein that blocks apoptosis and thereby its over expression contributes to neoplastic transformation and decreased tumour survival. So, it is necessary to find out the relationship of Bcl-2 expression with histological types and tumour grade in ovarian surface epithelial tumours, which may predict the prognosis. METHODS The objective was to study the expression of Bcl-2 in ovarian surface epithelial tumours and to correlate Bcl-2 expression with histopathological features and tumour grade in ovarian surface epithelial tumours. Histological types and tumour differentiation for each case is determined from the routine H and E sections. Immunohistochemical stain for Bcl-2 was done. Then intensity and extent of staining for Bcl-2 was compared with the age, histological type and tumour grade. RESULTS Out of the 47 cases studied, 66% were in <55 years of age category and 34% in >55 years of age group. There was statistically significant associations of Bcl-2 expression with various histological types (P<0.001) and tumour differentiation (P<0.001). In the case of extent of Bcl-2 staining, statistically significant associations were present with various histological types (P=0.004) and tumour differentiation (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Bcl-2 expression decreases with tumour progression. Poorly differentiated tumours with decreased Bcl-2 expression may be helpful in predicting disease progression. Further studies are warranted since, Bcl-2 expression may be important for prognostic outcome or provide useful targets for therapeutic intervention in patients with surface epithelial ovarian cancers. KEY WORDS Bcl-2, Immunohistochemistry, Tumour Grade, Epithelial Tumours.
Prevalence of Imaging Detected Silent Female Breast Cancer in Autopsy Specimens: Study of the Disease Held by Image-Guided Biopsies
Authors: Sidiropoulou Zacharoula
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer epidemiological patterns vary in European countries, presenting different incidence rates (49-148 new cases per 100,000 women) with a narrow but still variable range of mortality (15-36 new cases per 100,000 women). In Portugal, female breast cancer incidence is increasing while mortality is gradually decreasing, with 118.5 and 30.4 cases per 100,000 women, respectively. The reduction in breast cancer mortality is not only due to the early detection of the disease but is, in almost equal parts, the result of both the advances in screening and molecular medicine and the development of new therapies. This study aimed to quantify the imaging detected actual number of breast cancer present in female gender by determining the prevalence of silent breast cancer in corpses. We quantified the imaging-identified cancers that were not clinically manifested, with the hypothesis that the imaging detected natural reservoir of silent breast cancer is greater than the actual incidence of the disease, a hypothesis that was not confirmed.
Study on the Composition of the Epiphytic Periphyton in the Gemenc Floodplain Area in Hungary
Authors: Mátrai Ildikó , Vida-Varga Éva , Lakatos Gyula
Published: March 2022

The specific aspects of wetlands are fundamentally determined by the hydrological factors and the water-related living world. In the life of wetlands the flora has its different forms of life and its connection to the water decisive roles, which are of course the results of the evolutionary processes of long periods.

In this paper we give an outline about the ecological state of the macrophytes and epiphyton composition from the good state to the bad and polluted ones. It is known the degree of water supply and the water quality of the wetland determine primarily the potential vegetation and its structure. The Gemenc wetlands represent those values of the Danubian floodplains, that are the most significant, and are the mostly exposed to injuries. The aim of nature conversation is the maintenance of the now scattered remains of former wetlands, and as far as possible the reconstruction of the changed habitats. From the point of view of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is it an important and significant biological index, because the data of the examination of the peripyton can be effectively used for the determination and specification of the ecological state of the Nyéki-Holt-Danube, in Gemenc floodplain (wetland).

We collected plants like reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin,, great bulrush (Schoenoplectus lacustris L.), pondweed (Potamogeton lucens L.), and water-rose (Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth) separately from the different sampling places for the epiphytic periphyton examination. The Non-Taxonomic Periphyton Index (NTPI) is the index number, that constitute of the non-taxonomic parameters of the periphyton (mass, content of ash, concentration of chlorophyll-a, AI, etc.), used relatively rapidly and professionally relevantly to evaluate the ecological state of waters. Our aim by the ecological state estimation of the Nyéki-Holt-Danube was to fix a basic state that we want to use as a reference-state under the evaluation of the effect of the further rehabilitation actions.
Analyzing the Effect of Exposure to COVID-19 Misinformation on Health Behaviors
Authors: Laurence Meiling , Platt Olivia , Earnshaw Valerie A.
Published: March 2022

American news media have become more diverse, siloed, and politically polarized in recent decades, leading Americans with increasingly varied news consumption patterns to receive disparate information. In addition, the accessibility of social media platforms to unreliable users has resulted in misinformation-sharing on many online platforms. This project aims to elucidate the origins of individuals’ COVID-19 pro- and anti-health behaviors — particularly in the context of their news and information consumption — by investigating relationships between self-reported exposure to true and false statements about COVID-19, belief in such statements, and COVID-19 pro- and anti-health behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of primary news sources, time spent on social media, and demographics on these variables were analyzed. COVID-19 statements were drawn from the C.D.C., W.H.O., and public polls by Pew Research Center. To collect data, a 27-question survey was distributed to 250 panelists from the general U.S. population. Relationships between pairs of variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, which showed that exposure to COVID-19 statements had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on belief in statements, exposure to true statements had a significant effect on COVID-19 health behavior scores, and belief in statements had a significant effect on health behavior scores. In addition, time spent on social media, age, and political affiliation, had significant effects on these variables. This project adds to the growing body of research on the effects of information sources on health behaviors and sheds light on the genesis of COVID-19 pro- and anti-health behaviors.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Lavryk A. S. , Kucheruk V. V. , Dmytrenko O. P. , Tereshkevych I. S. , Lytvynchuk H. M. , Razdobudko Yu. M.
Published: March 2022

Aim. To study the prevalence and manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with morbid obesity based on endoscopic, X-ray findings and the function of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Materials and methods. The study involved 98 obese patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 55.6 ± 10.3 kg/m2. Of these, 30 were men (34.48 %) and 68 were women (65.52 %) aged 18–64 years, mean age – 42.3 ± 8.5. All the patients subsequently underwent fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, esophagomanometry, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, X-ray examination and bariatric surgery. The presence and severity of pathological gastroesophageal reflux were assessed using esophageal pH monitoring data based on the DeMeester score. In addition, the lower esophageal sphincter function was assessed, the number of refluxes and the duration of the longest reflux episode were calculated according to the data of esophagomanometry and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Statistical data processing was carried out using the StatPlus 2007 software package.
Results. In this paper, we studied the prevalence and manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in 98 obese patients. The mean BMI was 55.6 ± 10.3 kg/m2, the maximum was 72 kg/m2. GERD was diagnosed in 37 (37.76 %) patients, including 8 (8.16 %) patients with a hiatal hernia. The erosive form prevailed in the GERD pattern – in 24 (24.48 %) patients. In 32 (32.65 %) examined patients, pathological reflux was diagnosed during the daytime, especially after eating.
Conclusions. The study results indicate that 37.76 % of obese patients are diagnosed with GERD arising from anatomical features and function of the gastroesophageal junction with the predominance of erosive forms of GERD. The state of the gastroesophageal junction in obese patients should be considered when choosing the optimal bariatric or metabolic surgery.
Characteristics of CD56-positive cells in guinea pig lung in the dynamics of experimental allergic inflammation
Authors: Popko S. S. , Yevtushenko V. M. , Zidrashko H. A.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work is to study morphometric characteristics and distribution of CD56-positive cells in guinea pig lung in the dynamics of experimental allergic inflammation.
Materials and methods. We studied the distribution and quantitative changes of CD56-positive cells in guinea pig lung in the dynamics of experimental allergic inflammation using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical methods.
Results. The number of CD56-positive cells increased in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. The increase in the mean number of CD56-positive cells was found in the early period of allergic inflammation (on the 30th day, experimental group II) by 64.5 % (P*/** < 0.001) compared to the control group and by 56.4 % (P* < 0.01) compared to the 23rd day of examinations (experimental group I). The following increase in the mean number of CD56-positive cells by 60.2 % (P*/** < 0.001) was detected in group III compared to the 23rd day of the experiment (group I). However, the mean number of CD56-positive cells was shown to be decreased by 51.5 % (P*/** < 0.001) in group IV compared to the 36th experimental day (group III).
Conclusions. CD56-positive cells are located in the pulmonary interstitium. The number of CD56-positive cells is statistically significantly increased in group III in the late stages of the allergic inflammation indicating an active involvement of these cells in maintaining allergen-induced airway inflammation.
Multiple pregnancy and solutions to the problem of its complications (a literature review)
Authors: Franchuk M. O. , Malanchuk L. M. , Franchuk O. A.
Published: March 2022

Currently, the number of multiple pregnancies has increased all over the world, and therefore it has become one of the urgent problems of modern obstetrics. The rise is due to both the widespread practical application of effective methods for infertility treatment in healthcare and the use of assisted reproductive technologies.
This review presents an opinion of most researchers about an association between multiple pregnancy and a significant number of complications that accompany it from early gestational age. Notable amongst these are miscarriage at different gestational age and premature birth, as well as an increase in probability of preeclampsia, anemia, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, low birth weight, neurological complications, and intrauterine fetal death. The main cause of perinatal losses in multiple pregnancies is very low gestational age and low birth weight and length, with prematurity ranking first among other reasons. Perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancies is more than 6 times as high as in singleton pregnancies.
Thus, patients with multiple pregnancies constitute a high-risk group for the development of maternal and perinatal complications. In order to timely identify, prevent and reduce the severity of specific complications, it is necessary to know the features of multiple pregnancies course and the main risks associated with it. However, there are still no universal algorithms for determining proper follow-up, treatment and the choose of delivery mode among women with various variants of multiple pregnancies. In any single case, a personalized approach is needed to maintain and prolong pregnancy.
A study of preferences of instrumental cosmetology consumers
Authors: Demchenko V. O. , Tkachenko N. O. , Chervonenko N. M. , Demchenko V. O.
Published: March 2022

A high demand for cosmetology among patients of various ages encourages the study of consumers’ needs and queries regarding instrumental cosmetology procedures.
Aim of the work was to study the structure of consumers’ preferences of instrumental cosmetology procedures and to determine the factors of preferences in a group of young people for further use in the work of cosmetology facilities for shaping their marketing strategy.
Materials and methods. Methods of information retrieval, synthesis, generalization, formalization, and questioning were used in the study. Research articles by domestic and foreign scientists regarding the instrumental procedures, the formation of consumer characteristic of cosmetology procedures, and the results of a consumer survey were used as the material for the study.
Results. The consumers were surveyed using a specially designed online questionnaire, with the respondents’ consent and confidentiality compliance. 202 consumers of instrumental procedures took part in the survey. Respondents answered 11 questions regarding their attitude, awareness, trust and frequency of using various cosmetology procedures. A careful examination of the survey results revealed that in the “youth” group, a small part of the segment belongs to men, which encourages further research on reasoning, preferences, etc. of the male segment.
Conclusions. The research enabled to study the structure of the consumers` preferences in instrumental cosmetology procedures and to determine the factors of their advantages in the study group. The priority information channels are the most trustworthy for the “youth” segment – social networks and communication with a cosmetologist. The results obtained are planned to be implemented in the work of cosmetology facilities to improve the quality of care and service.
Climate Change Reporting and Due Diligence: Frontiers of Corporate Climate Responsibility
Authors: Hösli Andreas , Weber Rolf H.
Published: March 2022

Climate change affects businesses significantly. Corporations are increasingly expected to consider the impacts of climate change on their business and, conversely, the impacts of their business on the global climate, which calls for adequate measures to reduce climate-related risks. Despite the widely accepted need for swift and quite drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to limit global temperature rise in line with the Paris Agreement, specific and binding legal obligations for corporations mandating such reductions are scarce. Potentially filling this regulatory gap, international best practices for private sector enterprises to address climate change related issues are quickly emerging, and regulators are beginning to transpose them into binding legal frameworks. In addition, courts are increasingly called upon to review climate-related business decisions and strategies. Climate change reporting and, more recently, climate change due diligence are core aspects in this complex debate. This article explores and contextualizes these developments from a transnational perspective, with a main focus on Europe.
Regulatory lessons from China’s COVID-19 vaccines development and approval policies
Authors: Yang Jingshu , Yang Yue
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019, responsible for a global pandemic, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Several vaccines have been developed and approved worldwide, particularly in China. As of Oct 17, 2021, four new coronavirus vaccines in China have been conditionally approved for marketing by the National Medical Products Administration, two of which have been authorized for emergency use in the Emergency Use Listing of the World Health Organization. Domestic vaccine R&D in China has relied on legal and regulatory support. This article summarizes the regulatory policy for vaccine development, review and approval. Vaccine approval laws have been continually improved, and regulations for special approval have been used to shorten the review time. China has coordinated pandemic-related needs, both domestically and with other countries, and made substantial progress in cooperative international anti-pandemic efforts.
Partially Overlapping Neural Correlates of Metacognitive Monitoring and Metacognitive Control
Authors: Boldt Annika , Gilbert Sam J
Published: March 2022

Metacognition describes the process of monitoring one's own mental states, often for the purpose of cognitive control. Previous research has investigated how metacognitive signals are generated (metacognitive monitoring), for example, when people (both female/male) judge their confidence in their decisions and memories. Research has also investigated how metacognitive signals are used to influence behavior (metacognitive control), for example, setting a reminder (i.e., cognitive offloading) for something you are not confident you will remember. However, the mapping between metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control needs further study on a neural level. We used fMRI to investigate a delayed-intentions task with a reminder element, allowing human participants to use their metacognitive insight to engage metacognitive control. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we found that we could separately decode both monitoring and control, and, to a lesser extent, cross-classify between them. Therefore, brain patterns associated with monitoring and control are partially, but not fully, overlapping.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTModels of metacognition commonly distinguish between monitoring (how metacognition is formed) and control (how metacognition is used for behavioral regulation). Research into these facets of metacognition has often happened in isolation. Here, we provide a study which directly investigates the mapping between metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control at a neural level. We applied multivariate pattern analysis to fMRI data from a novel task in which participants separately rated their confidence (metacognitive monitoring) and how much they would like to use a reminder (metacognitive control). We find support for the notion that the two aspects of metacognition overlap partially but not fully. We argue that future research should focus on how different metacognitive signals are selected for control.
Revisiting the impact of race/ethnicity in endometriosis
Authors: Bougie Olga , Nwosu Ikunna , Warshafsky Chelsie
Published: March 2022

Endometriosis is a chronic, multisystemic disease often presenting with significant phenotypic variation amongst patients. The impact of race/ethnicity on the prevalence of endometriosis, as well as disease presentation, is a question of interest which has been explored for the last century. This narrative review explores the historical perspective of endometriosis and race/ethnicity as well as the evidence available to date. Furthermore, we discuss the potential implication of the bias perpetuated on this topic, specifically in the areas of medical education, research, and clinical care. In consideration of these intersecting realms, we suggest priorities for future consideration of race/ethnicity as it pertains to the delivery of care for endometriosis patients.

Lay summary

The relationship between race/ethnicity and endometriosis has been explored for over a century. Historical bias and poorly conducted research have led to the idea that this condition is less likely to be diagnosed in certain racial groups, such as Black women. We review the current state of evidence and highlight important limitations within medical education and research on this topic. Finally, we advocate for a shifting viewpoint as we strive to deliver equitable and outstanding care for all endometriosis patients.