bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hob cutter shaping for internal straight thread
Authors: Глушко Е.В. , Морозова Н.Т. , Фершалов Ю.Я. , Портнова О.С.
Published: June 2021

Резьба используется во многих механизмах и достаточно часто для разъемных соединений деталей судовых машин. Для повышения долговечности внутренней цилиндрической резьбы и производительности процесса ее нарезания предлагается новая методика «профилирования червячной фрезы для нарезания внутренней цилиндрической резьбы методом огибания. В данной статье приведено аналитическое определение сопряженных профилей цилиндрической внутренней резьбы и инструмента. Рассматривается метод профильных нормалей для профилирования червячной фрезы при нарезании внутренней резьбы способом огибания, основанный на применении теории матриц. Червячная фреза в осевом сечении имеет конкретный криволинейный профиль, для его получения необходимо знать расчетные зависимости торцового профиля резьбы, и уравнения ее винтовой поверхности и осевого профиля. Для возможности образования витков резьбы необходимы определенные зависимости скорости резанья фрезы и резьбы, а для формирования внутренней резьбы - ее поверхность должна набегать на зубья червячной фрезы. Эти задачи решены с помощью разработанной системы уравнений для изготовления фрез при нарезании внутренней цилиндрической резьбы способом огибания методом профильных нормалей. Расчетный механизм профилирования инструмента - фрезы для нарезания цилиндрических внутренних резьб – может применяться для формообразования конических внутренних резьб.

Threads are used in many mechanisms and frequently in detached connections of marine engines elements. The new technique of hob cutter shaping for internal straight thread is proposed in order to increase durability of the internal cylindrical thread and to improve its cutting performance process. The article gives analytical definition of conjugate profiles of internal straight thread and of a tool. It also deals with the method of profile normals for shaping hob cutter whilst cutting the internal thread by enveloping. The method applies the matrix theory. There is some curved profile in the hob cutter axial section. In order to obtain that profile, it is necessary to know the calculated dependence of a thread transverse profile and its helical surface and axial profile equation. Special dependences of thread speed range and cutting are required to produce turns of the thread. To form internal thread – its surface is to slide on cutter teeth. All the mentioned tasks can be solved by the system of equations for cutters manufacture with cutting internal straight thread applying enveloping with the method of profiles normals. The calculation mechanism for shaping the tool – the hob cutter for internal straight threads – can be used for making internal taper threads.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a shipping company environmental protection
Authors: Каминский В.Ю. , Скороходов Д.А. , Маринов М.Л. , Аксенов В.А.
Published: June 2021

Оценка экологической эффективности функционирования судоходной компании позволяет определить экологические аспекты воздействия компании на окружающую среду. Подобный анализ обеспечивает определение способов наилучшего управления экологическими аспектами. При планировании снижения экологической нагрузки необходимо осуществить выбор показателей для оценки экологической эффективности. Выполнено структурирование целей и подцелей управления безопасностью, выбран критерий экологической эффективности судоходной компании. Обоснована необходимость определения коэффициентов важности каждой цели. Для оценки экологической эффективности выбран критерий максимума аддитивной технической полезности. Разработана методика анкетирования судоходных компаний для определения значимости и достаточности сформулированных целей в рамках оценки экологической эффективности судоходной компании. Проведено анкетирование ведущих российских судоходных компаний по выявлению степени значимости и достаточности состава целей, подцелей и процедур, используемых для оценки экологической эффективности системы управления экологической безопасностью компании. Выбраны виды характеристик технической полезности для всех процедур, характеризующих эффективность мероприятий, и обоснована оценка экологической эффективности судоходной компании.

The assessment of the environmental efficiency of the functioning of a shipping company allows us to determine the environmental aspects of the company's impact on the environment. Such an analysis provides a definition of how best to manage the environmental aspects. When planning to reduce the environmental burden, it is necessary to select indicators for assessing environmental efficiency. The structuring of the goals and sub-goals of safety management was carried out, the criterion of environmental efficiency of the shipping company was selected. The necessity of determining the importance coefficients of each goal is justified. To assess the environmental efficiency, the criterion of maximum additive technical utility is selected. The methodology of the survey of shipping companies was developed to determine the significance and sufficiency of the formulated goals in the framework of the assessment of the environmental efficiency of the shipping company. A survey of leading Russian shipping companies was conducted to identify the degree of significance and sufficiency of the goals, sub-goals and procedures used to assess the environmental effectiveness of the company's environmental safety management system. The types of technical utility characteristics for all procedures that characterize the effectiveness of measures are selected and the assessment of the environmental efficiency of the shipping company is justified.
New functions of multicriteria ship fire alarm systems
Authors: Круглеевский В.Н. , Вислогузов В.В. , Таранцев A.A. , Турусов С.Н.
Published: June 2021

В настоящей статье рассматриваются вопросы развития пожарных извещателей, контролирующих появление дыма, превышение заданного значения температуры и скорости ее роста, наличие угарного газа и использующих мультикритериальные алгоритмы для оценки обоснованности сигналов тревоги. Анализируются результаты проведенных отечественными организациями сравнительных испытаний мультикритериальных и традиционных «пороговых» пожарных извещателей и возможности их применения на судах в составе систем пожарной сигнализации. Определено, что при повторении одних и тех же модельных очагов пожаров зафиксированные значения контролируемых параметров отличались незначительно. При этом для каждого модельного очага можно было обнаружить свои характерные черты. Сделан вывод о том, что внедрение мультикритериальных алгоритмов обработки информации в судовые системы обнаружения пожаров не только сокращает время обнаружения пожара, но и позволяет расширить функциональные возможности системы. Используя мультикритериальные пожарные извещатели в системах пожарной сигнализации можно будет распознавать, что именно горит: дизельное топливо, ветошь, изоляция электрического кабеля или что-либо другое. Отмечается, что требования к судовым мультикритериальным системам сигнализации обнаружения пожара нашли свое отражение в Правилах классификации и постройки морских судов Российского морского регистра судоходства.

This article discusses the development of fire detectors that control the appearance of smoke, the excess of a given temperature and the rate of its growth, the presence of carbon monoxide and use multicriteria algorithms to assess the validity of alarm signals. The results of comparative tests of multicriteria and traditional fire detectors conducted by domestic organizations and the possibility of their use on ships as part of fire alarm systems are analyzed. It was determined that when the same model fires were repeated, the recorded values of the controlled parameters differed slightly. At the same time, for each model focus, it was possible to detect its own characteristic features. It is concluded that the introduction of multicriteria algorithms for information processing in ship fire detection systems not only reduces the time of fire detection, but also allows you to expand the functionality of the system. Using multi-criteria fire detectors in fire alarm systems,it will be possible to recognize what exactly is burning: diesel fuel, rags, electrical cable insulation, or anything else. It is noted that the requirements for ship multicriteria fire detection alarm systems are reflected in the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Marine Vessels of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping.
Research on determination method of the true visibility on vessels based on radar and light intensity chart of the lighthouse
Authors: Нгуен Т.З.
Published: June 2021

Определение истинной видимости является основной морской метеорологической операцией дежурного офицера на борту. В условиях ограниченной видимости суда должны работать в соответствии с Правилом 19 Международных правил предотвращения столкновений на море. Однако в настоящее время нет документов, которые бы четко и количественно давались в руководстве по определению видимости на море. С другой стороны, системы управления безопасностью некоторых судоходных компаний выдают предупреждения, и дежурный офицер должен уведомить или вызвать капитана, когда видимость упадет до определенного предела. Это затрудняет для дежурного офицера принятие независимого решения об избежании столкновения в случае ухудшения видимости. В целях содействия решению актуальной морской проблемы, о которой говорилось выше, целью данной работы является исследование метода определения видимости на борту судна в определенных погодных условиях.

Determining the true visibility is a basic marine meteorological operation of the duty officer on board. In the restricted visibility condition, vessels must sailing in accordance with Rule 19, International regulations for preventing collisions at sea. However, there are currently no documents that given clearly and quantitative in the guidance for determining visibility at sea. Otherwise, the warnings in the safety management systems of some shipping companies were given, and the officer of watch must inform or call the captain when the visibility reduced to a certain limit. This makes it difficult for the officer of watch to give the independent collision avoidance decision in the event of reduced visibility. In order to contribute to solve the actual maritime problem which is mentioned above, the goal of the paper is research on determine method of the visibility on board in a certain weather condition.
Maneuvering qualities of vessels with a wheeled propulsion and steering
Authors: Грошева Л.С. , Мерзляков В.И. , Плющаев В.И.
Published: June 2021

На судах используются различные типы рулевых устройств – традиционные рули, активные рули, выдвижные колонки, азимутальные подруливающие устройства и пр. В России начали строить колесные суда без традиционного руля. Маневрирование осуществляется путем изменения соотношения частот вращения гребных колес, расположенных по бортам в корме судна - суда с колесным движительно-рулевым комплексом (КДРК). В статье на основе математической модели судна с КДРК проводится сравнительный анализ маневровых характеристик судов с различными видами рулевого устройства – с традиционным рулем, азимутальным подруливающим устройством и КДРК. Было выполнено математическое моделирование стандартных маневров, используемых при испытаниях судов, а именно маневр зигзаг, маневр циркуляция, активное и пассивное торможение. Полученные результаты позволяют утверждать, что суда с КДРК (без традиционного руля) обладают маневровыми характеристиками, обеспечивающими их эффективную и безопасную эксплуатацию.

Various types of rudders are used on ships - traditional rudders, active rudders, retractable thrusters, azimuth thrusters, etc. In Russia, they began to build wheeled ships without a traditional rudder. Maneuvering is carried out by changing the ratio of the rotation frequencies of the paddle wheels located along the sides in the stern of the vessel-a vessel with a wheeled propulsion and steering system (WPSS). In the article, on the basis of a mathematical model of a vessel with a WPSS, a comparative analysis of the maneuvering characteristics of vessels with different types of steering gear (a traditional rudder, an azimuth thruster and a WPSS) is carried out. Mathematical modeling of standard maneuvres used in the test of the vessels was performed: the zigzag maneuver, the circulation maneuver, active and passive braking. The results allow us to state that vessels with a WPSS (without a traditional rudder) have maneuvering characteristics that ensure their efficient and safe operation.
Polyvariable conditionally dependent predicates in the knowledge representation model of autonomous mobile intelligent agents
Authors: Мелехин В.Б. , Хачумов М.В.
Published: June 2021

Показано, что известные модели представления и обработки знаний не позволяют построить интеллектуальный решатель задач автономных мобильных интеллектуальных агентов, способных выполнять сложные задания в априори неописанных нестабильных условиях проблемной среды. Для решения данной актуальной проблемы в статье предлагаются типовые конструкции модели представления знаний безотносительно к конкретной предметной области, строящиеся на основе полипеременных условно-зависимых предикатов. Приведена структура данного вида предикатов и определены условия, при выполнении которых, в результате означивания входящих в них различного сорта переменных, получаются истинные высказывания, характеризующие необходимые условия для достижения стоящих подцелей и целей поведения в текущей ситуации нестабильной проблемной среды. Разработаны различные по назначению типовые элементы модели представления знаний автономных интеллектуальных агентов, позволяющие формировать на их основе различные по сложности программы целенаправленной деятельности связанные с выполнением сформулированного им задания. Отмечено, что дальнейшее развитие полученных в настоящей работе результатов связано с формализацией мыслительных актов и разработкой инструментальных средств обработки знаний для построения алгоритмов автоматического планирования целенаправленного поведения автономных мобильных интеллектуальных агентов в нестабильных недоопределенных условиях функционирования.

It is shown that the known models of knowledge representation and processing do not allow constructing an intelligent problem solver for autonomous mobile intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks in a priori undescribed unstable conditions of a problematic environment. To solve this topical problem, the article proposes standard constructions of a knowledge representation model, without reference to a specific subject area, based on polyvariable conditionally dependent predicates. The structure of this type of predicates is given and the conditions are determined under which, as a result of the valuation of variables included in them, true statements are obtained that characterize the necessary conditions for achieving behavioral sub goals and goals in the current situation of an unstable problematic environment. The standard and different in purpose elements of knowledge representation model for autonomous intelligent agents have been developed, which make it possible to form programs of purposeful activity of different complexity associated with the implementation of the formulated task. It is noted that further development of the results obtained in this work is associated with the formalization of mental acts and the development of knowledge processing tools for constructing automatic planning algorithms of the purposeful behavior of autonomous mobile intelligent agents in unstable underdetermined conditions.
AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO TREAT EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (ECC) USING SILVER DIAMINE FLOURIDE – A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Pediatric Dentistry Research Centre, Pedo-Research, Timișoara, Romania, Popa Malina ,   Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania, Nikolajevic-Stoican Nicoleta ,   Pediatric Dentistry Research Centre, Pedo-Research, Timișoara, Romania, Boia Simina ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania, Boia Eugen Radu ,   Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania, Luca Magda Mihaela ,   Pediatric Dentistry Research Centre, Pedo-Research, Timișoara, Romania,   Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
Published: June 2021

Dental decay affects 4-86% of preschoolers (temporary dentition), and regarding mixed and permanent dentition, the percentage of affected children is between 27-86%. Caries lesions of the temporary teeth is the main dental problem that the preschooler encounters, a problem that affects to some extent the permanent dentition, with repercussions on the development of the stomatognathic system. The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), in dental treatment of Early Chilhood Caries (ECC) has been drawing increasing attention cause to its antimicrobial effect on the species Streptococcus Mutans, Actinomyces Naeslundii and Lactobacillus Acidophilus, which are the pathogens most commonly associated with both the onset and the progression of caries, being usually discovered on the surface and in the depth of the lesion. A case report of a 4 years-old female patient suffering of SECC is presented with the application of SDF and glass-ionomer cement restauration showing advantages as carious lesions arrest, improved esthetic appearance avoiding early teeth loss
RANCANGAN PERBAIKAN PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PADA PRODUK BARU DENGAN PENDEKATAN SIX SIGMA
Authors: Ramadhani Kholid
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study was aimed to identify cause of defect that occurred in newproducts at automotive - spare part company by designing the right qualitymanagement system with root cause analysis. Qualitative methodology was used,where data and other information collected by interviews, direct observation,document review, and evaluation of reports related to quality achievement. Thecompletion phase of this study was used the DMAIC concept as a corrective action andcontinuous improvement for quality achievement. From analysis result, the factors thatcause defects in new products are differentiated by 11 defect categories. Thedominant defect category was ‘no taping option’ and TBO. The proposed qualitycontrol design to reduce the number of defects are by adding more specific trainingfor new operators according to their own work, adding quality control process byQC after the sub- assembling process, replace all opposite jigs with push pull jigand adding verification tools and other production facilities by the QA-QC departmentKeywords: Quality control system, Six Sigma, DMAIC, defect
Tinjauan Teodise Dalam Kitab Ayub dan Implikasi Bagi Umat Kristen di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Dhandi Gabriel , Panjaitan Firman
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is an epidemic that is shaking the world today. Its appearance unsettled many people, as many people were affected. Like losing a job, a business goes bankrupt, many lives are lost, some countries are hit by a recession, so suffering is created. From this suffering, there are some people or groups who think that the COVID-19 pandemic arises as a result of human sins and violations against God. By using the literature study method, which departs from compiled data obtained from various books and presented in descriptive form, then the study in this article will discuss the Book of Job which describes the suffering that befell the person Job without cause. The three friends responded to Job’s personal suffering as God’s punishment for sin. But he was godly men, fearing God, and shunning evil (1:1). The results of the study of the Book of Job showed that the suffering he experienced was not because God had punished Job personally. It is because God has His own purpose for Him. Thus, it can be concluded that the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is not the result of human sin.

 

Pandemi COVID-19 merupakan sebuah wabah yang mengguncangkan dunia dewasa ini. Kemunculannya membuat resah banyak orang, dimana banyak orang yang terkena dampak. Seperti kehilangan pekerjaan, usaha bangkrut, banyak nyawa yang hilang, beberapa negara terkena resesi, sehingga penderitaan pun tercipta. Dari penderitaan tersebut ada beberapa orang atau kelompok yang beranggapan bahwa pandemi COVID-19 muncul akibat dosa dan pelanggaran manusia terhadap Allah. Dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur, yang berangkat dari kompilasi data yang didapat dari berbagai buku dan disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif, maka kajian dalam artikel ini akan membahas Kitab Ayub yang menggambarkan tentang penderitaan yang menimpa pribadi Ayub tanpa sebab. Penderitaan yang menimpa pribadi Ayub direspon oleh ketiga temannya sebagai hukuman Allah akibat dosa. Tetapi ia adalah seorang yang saleh, takut akan Tuhan, dan menjauhi kejahatan (1:1). Hasil kajian Kitab Ayub ternyata penderitaan yang dialami bukan karena Allah menghukum pribadi Ayub. Melainkan karena Allah memiliki tujuan-Nya sendiri bagi dirinya. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemunculan pandemi COVID-19 bukan akibat dari dosa manusia.
A rendvédelmi szervező szakirányú továbbképzési szak indításának legfontosabb tapasztalatai
Authors: Balla József , Kiss Lajos
Published: June 2021

A Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Rendészettudományi Kara 2019-ben indította el a megrendelői igényeknek és a felsőoktatási követelményeknek is megfelelő rendvédelmi szervező szakirányú továbbképzési szakot, amelynek első képzése 2020-ban fejeződött be. A szerzők, a tanulmányban a végzett hallgatók körében végrehajtott kutatásuk eredményét mutatják be, amely a hallgatók legfontosabb jellemzőit, a képzéssel történő elégedettségüket és jövőbeni képzésekkel kapcsolatos javaslataikat vizsgálta, majd javaslatokat fogalmaztak meg a jövőbeni képzésekre vonatkozóan.
Mi harminc? Tudománymetria helyett – Szerzőtársas játék
Authors: Molnár Katalin
Published: June 2021

Az egyetemi oktatók tudományos teljesítményét publikációik mennyiségével is mérik. Jelen írás apropóját egy szokásos adminisztrációs kötelezettség adta, amelynek készítése közben egy adat különösen szembeszökő volt. Eddigi publikációim 1997 óta tartó történetében összesen huszonkilenc szerzőtárssal – azaz, csak hogy a szám szép kerek legyen: velem együtt harmincan – írtunk huszonkilenc közös tanulmányt. Azért nem harmincat, mert egy mű, bár már elkészült, még megjelenőben van. Ráadásul idén egy híján éppen harminc éve, hogy rendészeti szakemberek közt dolgozom. Az pedig, hogy éppen egy olyan tanulmánykötet tagjai közé hívtak, amelynek tagjaival nemrég alkottunk szerzői társulást, külön megtiszteltetés. Micsoda egybeesések! Gondoltam, erről írni kell. A számvetés közben a nosztalgia is elfogott. Elgondolkodtam azon, miért különösen kellemes műfaj a szerzőtársas játék. Elhatározni, nekiveselkedni, felkérni, meggyőzni a másikat, hogy ez neki is jó lesz, aztán felosztani a munkát, egyeztetni, összeilleszteni a részeket, közös nevezőre jutni persze hosszú és fáradságos út. De amikor megszületik és megjelenik a közös mű, az mindig közös öröm is, és mint ilyen, épp annyiszor több, ahány szerzőtárs osztozik benne. Az áttekintés révén újraélhettem ezt az örömöt, és sorra veszem, mikor kivel és mi hozott össze, és mi volt benne a legjobb. Nem titkolt célom, hogy másoknak is kedvet csináljak hozzá.
El blog como estrategia didáctica para fortalecer los conceptos básicos de química orgánica
Authors: Cipagauta Marisol , Saavedra Camacho Yuli Natalia , Castro Camelo Adriana
Published: June 2021

Las modalidades cambiantes que han experimentado los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en química orgánica, se diversifican aún más con la incorporación de las TIC. En este sentido, es importante considerar el abordaje de las dificultades de aprendizaje que se presentan por la complejidad y extensión de los contenidos de esta asignatura, en los que se hace indispensable seleccionar, evaluar e implementar de forma efectiva herramientas tecnológicas que favorezcan la interacción y el autoaprendizaje. El trabajo desarrollado propone una estrategia didáctica apoyada en las TIC -el blog- para potenciar el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos de química. orgánica.
Rapid assessment of the knowledge about Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) of forensic importance in an urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Trindade-Santos Matheus E. , Ramos Ramon L. , Pamponet Fernanda M. , Lopes Daniele S. , De Oliveira Favízia F.
Published: June 2021

Forensic Entomology can be defined as an area of Biological Sciences that uses the knowledge about insects and other Arthropods in criminal investigations, since decomposing corpses are sources of resources for arthropods, including insects belonging to the Coleoptera order. The objective of this work was to carry out a rapid assessment inventory of beetles of forensic importance in an urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest (Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu) located in the city of Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. We conducted a collection in the dry period (January 2013) and another collection in the rainy period (July 2013). The capture of coleopterans took place through the use of “Pitfall” traps, stocked with a mixed bait (chicken gizzard and sardines). A total of 239 were collected, distributed in three families: Scarabaeidae (96.1%), Staphylinidae (3.0%) and Histeridae (0.9%). The morphospecies Dicothomius sp. 1 (Scarabaeidae), was more abundant with 94.1% of the specimens sampled. The dry period was more representative for both richness and abundance. All species/morphospecies sampled already have previous records as belonging to forensic importance according to previous studies.
Höhere Sicherheit bei geringeren Installationskosten
Authors: Schröder Matthias
Published: June 2021

Bei der Installation von Energiespeichern stehen drei wesentliche Faktoren im Vordergrund: Sicherheit, Installationsaufwand und die korrekte Ausführung. Mit der neuen steckbaren Anschlusstechnik von Phoenix Contact lassen sich derartige Systeme jetzt sicher, schnell und wirtschaftlich installieren.
El precio de luchar contra la COVID-19
Authors: Casaux-Huertas Ana
Published: June 2021

Miedo, incertidumbre, desconocimiento, falta de medios, enfermedad, sufrimiento, aislamiento, hospitales desbordados, personas padeciendo y muriendo solas. Un desafío mundial protagonizado por un virus de elevada transmisibilidad (coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) al que nunca antes nos habíamos enfrentado y que ha trastocado la vida de todo el orbe, una de las peores crisis de salud de nuestro tiempo. Cabe reflexionar sobre cómo afrontar una pandemia siendo profesionales de la salud, sin sentir miedo a ser contagiados o a contagiar a nuestro entorno más directo (familiares, amigos, compañeros), a las situaciones críticas, al sufrimiento o a la muerte. Nuestra profesión lleva implícito un riesgo que en ocasiones puede resultar muy costoso para nuestra salud. A pesar de ello y ante condiciones tan adversas, los sanitarios hemos demostrado coraje, templanza, fuerza y valentía, estando a la cabeza de la respuesta a la COVID-19. Tras más de un año de lucha las cifras hablan por sí solas, hemos pagado un precio muy alto.
Vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) y enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Sancha-Escudero Victoria , Cobo-Sánchez José Luis , Mancebo-Salas Noelia , Pelayo-Alonso Raquel , Gancedo-Gonzalez Zulema
Published: June 2021

La literatura más reciente indica que la enfermedad renal crónica constituye la comorbilidad con mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad grave por SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Muchas sociedades científicas se han posicionado a favor de la vacunación de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica como prioritaria, debido a esta alta vulnerabilidad. En España, la quinta actualización de la Estrategia de vacunación frente a COVID-19 del Consejo Interterritorial de Salud, incluyó a los pacientes con ERC dentro del grupo 7 (personas con condiciones de muy alto riesgo). A lo largo del artículo se describen los tipos de vacunas según mecanismo de acción, las vacunas actualmente aprobadas por la Agencia Europea del Medicamento (EMA) y todo lo relacionado con el proceso de vacunación (preparación, administración y seguimiento), además de los aspectos a tener en cuenta en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
Análisis comparativo entre la calidad de vida del paciente trasplantado renal y el paciente en hemodiálisis
Authors: Romero-Reyes Mónica , Moreno-Egea Ana , Gómez López Victoria Eugenia , Alcántara-Crespo Mateo , Crespo-Montero Rodolfo
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud del paciente trasplantado renal frente al paciente en hemodiálisis. Material y Método: Estudio observacional comparativo por emparejamiento (1:2) en 240 pacientes (80 en hemodiálisis y 160 trasplantados renales). El muestreo fue no probabilístico intencionado por emparejamiento. El emparejamiento se realizó por: edad, sexo y comorbilidad. Se utilizó el cuestionario KDQOL-SF para analizar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Resultados: Los pacientes tenían una edad de 59,80±12,45 años. Los pacientes trasplantados presentaron mejores puntuaciones, con diferencias significativas, en todas las dimensiones de las Escalas específicas para las enfermedades renales, excepto en el Apoyo Social. De igual forma, puntuaron mejor con diferencias significativas, los pacientes trasplantados en todas las dimensiones en el cuestionario SF-36. Los pacientes diabéticos trasplantados puntuaron peor en las dimensiones Carga de la enfermedad renal y Dolor; y los pacientes diabéticos en diálisis, en el Rol emocional. En el grupo de trasplantados, las mujeres puntuaron peor de forma significativa, en las dimensiones Listado de síntomas/problemas, Efectos de la enfermedad, Dolor y Vitalidad; y el grupo de pacientes en hemodiálisis, las mujeres puntuaron peor en la Función física. Conclusiones: Emparejados por edad, sexo y diabetes, los pacientes trasplantados renales presentan mejor calidad de vida relacionada con la salud que los pacientes en hemodiálisis, tanto en las Escalas específicas para la enfermedad renal como en las dimensiones del SF-36. En ambos grupos, los pacientes diabéticos presentan peor calidad de vida que los no diabéticos.
Yabancı Dil Hazırlık Sınıfı Öğrencileri Perspektifinden Pandemi Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma
Authors: BAY Bülent , KARATAŞ Fatih , ÜSTÜN Bilal
Published: June 2021

Araştırmada, yabancı dil hazırlık sınıfı öğrencilerinin pandemi sürecinde geçirmiş oldukları uzaktan eğitim yaşantılarının, uzaktan eğitime ilişkin algılarının ve uzaktan eğitimin teknolojik boyutunun daha geniş bir yapıda incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma fenomenolojik nitel araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Örneklem seçiminde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerin maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi tercih edilmiştir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler bilgisayar tabanlı kelime işlemci programı (NVİVO) kullanılarak tümevarım anlayışıyla ilgili temaları türetmek için kodlanmıştır. Kodlar çerçevesinde temalar şekillendirilmiştir. Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde ev ortamının rahatlığı ve sağladığı olanakları olumlu; ev ortamındaki dikkat dağıtıcı uyarıcıları ise motivasyon sorunlarına neden olduğu için olumsuz olarak nitelendirmişlerdir.
Analyse und Bewertung der Videofilme im DAF-Lehrwerk „Menschen A1“ aus nonverbaler Hinsicht
Authors: ERİM Emel , İNCEBEL Fadime
Published: June 2021

In allen Lebensbereichen des Menschen ist die Kommunikation ein unentbehrliches und wichtiges Instrument. Im heutigen Zeitalter haben sich parallel der rapiden technologischen Entwicklungen und Veränderungen auch die Kommunikation und ihre Ausdrucksweise stark verändert. Wissenschaftliche Studien sind zu dem Entschluss gekommen, dass die Kommunikation zu 7% aus verbalen, zu 33% aus paraverbalen und zu 55% aus nonverbalen Ebenen besteht.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, zu überprüfen, ob die neuesten Entwicklungen bei der Erstellung von Lehrwerken zum Spracherwerb berücksichtigt worden sind und inwieweit das nonverbale Verhalten in den Videos der Lehrwerke mit der Wirklichkeit adäquat ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit stützt sich auf eine Analyse und Bewertung der 24 Videos des DaF-Lehrwerks “Menschen A1”, mit dem Fokus auf die nonverbalen Kanäle nach Constanze Kaiser. Das Gesamtergebnis wird tabellarisch für alle Videoclips nach diesen nonverbalen Kommunikationskanälen aufgezeigt. Mit dieser Arbeit wird beabsichtigt, auf die Rolle der nonverbalen Kommunikation im Fremdsprachenunterricht aufmerksam zu machen, die Videos des DaF-Lehrwerks „Menschen A1“ aus nonverbaler Hinsicht zu analysieren und zu bewerten, die Defizite festzustellen und für die Erstellung der neuen Videos aus diesem Blickwinkel Anstoß zu geben.
Das Wortfeld Nation in den türkischen und deutschen Regierungserklärungen. Forschungsergebnisse eines politolinguistischen Diskurses
Authors: HERTSCH Max Florian
Published: June 2021

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit einer kontrastiven Forschung im Bereich der Politolinguistik, speziell für das Wortfeld Nation. Im ersten Teil des Beitrags wird die Besonderheit der Diskursanalyse (DA) hervorgehoben, da diese als ein methodisches Fundament für die Analyse von politischer Sprache (hier: Antrittsreden) unumgänglich erscheint. Gleichzeitig ist sie (DA) auch eine Brücke, die Sprache und Politik verbinden kann. In diesem Beitrag soll der Fokus auf die Antrittsreden der deutschen Kanzler und türkischen Premiers gelegt werden, in diesen wiederum speziell auf das Wortfeld Nation. Der diskursanalytische Ansatz soll hier beweisen, dass die Verwendung dieses Terms in Bezug auf beide Sprachen kontrastiv verstanden werden muss und in unterschiedliche Rhetoriken eingebaut wurde. Zusätzlich wird eine Bewegung des Wortfelds Nation offensichtlich, da Neologismen eintreten und andere Terme im Wortfeld der türkischen und deutschen Sprache sich auflösen.
Turkish Language Courses Taught in from the Perspective of Turkish-German Relations
Authors: ÇAKIR Mustafa
Published: June 2021

The relations between Turkey and Germany have a long history that involves collaboration and partnership in many areas. After 1960s, this relationship gained a new dimension as hundreds of thousands of Turkish workers immigrated to Germany. This paper presents a brief history of the relations between the two countries, and the cultural and language-related problems experienced by Turkish people in Germany. More specifically, it focuses on the background and current state of the Turkish Language and Culture course taught to the Turkish youth in German schools. Problems regarding the implementation of this course are discussed with reference to official statistics. Finally, suggestions are offered to address the challenges faced to improve the Turkish Language and Culture course so that Turkish children can successfully learn their origin-language, and eventually achieve competence in both Turkish and German in their academic studies.
Yerelleştirme Olgusu ve Sürecinde Çevirinin Anthony Pym Açısından İşleyişi ve Yeri
Authors: GÖKAYAZ Başak Pırıl , YÜCEL Faruk
Published: June 2021

1970’li yıllarda özerk bir disiplin olarak kabul edilen çeviribilim, geçmişten günümüze edebiyat, psikoloji, sosyoloji, antropoloji ve tarih gibi pek çok sosyal bilim dalları ile etkileşime girdiği gibi başka alanları da etkilemiştir. Bu alanlardan biri de hiç kuşkusuz teknoloji olmuştur. 1980’li yıllarda teknolojinin gelişip değişmesi ile çeviribilim, yerelleştirme sektörünün ortaya çıkmasına aracılık etmiştir. 1990’lı yıllarda sektörün gelişmesinin sonucunda çevirmenler büyük projelerde bilgisayar destekli çeviri araçlarından daha fazla faydalanmaya başlamıştır. Sektörün ilk ortaya çıktığı zamanlardan bu yana yerelleştirmenin çeviribilimin alt dalı olup olmadığına ilişkin tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Bazı kuramcılar, çeviri ve yerelleştirmenin benzer nitelikler taşıdığını savunmasına karşın, bazı kuramcılar iki alanın da çok farklı sürece ve işleyişe sahip olduğunu dile getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı kuramcıları görüşlerinden yola çıkarak yerelleştirme sürecini oluşturan küreselleştirme, uluslararasılaştırma, yerelleştirme aşamaları tanımlanıp çeviribilim ve yerelleştirme arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bu ilişkiden yola çıkılarak ürünlerin hedef kitleye ulaştırılması için çağdaş çeviri kuramcısı Anthony Pym tarafından kullanılan aktarım ve dağıtım kavramlarının yerelleştirme sürecinde hangi açılardan ele alındığı ve bu kavramların nasıl nitelendirildiği tartışılmıştır. Makalede aynı zamanda Pym’in yaklaşımına dayanarak yerelleştirme olgusunda ve sürecinde çevirinin işleyişi ve yeri de irdelenmiştir.
Social Media Escapism: Exploratory Study of the use of Digital Media by Tirana University Students of English Language
Authors: Klosi Iris
Published: June 2021

The stress and anxiety resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has lead to a significant increase in escapist media-based coping. This paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on social media escapist activities by the students at the State University of Tirana. In total 52 undergraduate and graduate students aged 20-24 were involved in the study. The students reported 39 digital media involved in their escapist activities, with media sharing networks having a dominant role. From the analysis of their discussion of the motivations and different forms of escapist activities using social media, 5 different but interrelated discourses emerged: (1) Social media have both positive and negative aspects; (2) Social media escapism distorts reality; (3) Social media offer easy and affordable ways to escape; (4) Social media escapism needs to be managed to avoid addiction; and (5) Social media escapism enhances English language skills. The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic through restrictions on socializing, face-to-face interaction and online teaching were discussed within and across the identified discourses. Increasing their communicative competence in English while interacting with people of different cultural background, including English native speakers was one of most the positive aspects in students’ discussions of social media escapism. The stress and anxiety resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has lead to a significant increase in escapist media-based coping. This paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on social media escapist activities by the students at the State University of Tirana. In total 52 undergraduate and graduate students aged 20-24 were involved in the study. The students reported 39 digital media involved in their escapist activities, with media sharing networks having a dominant role. From the analysis of their discussion of the motivations and different forms of escapist activities using social media, 5 different but interrelated discourses emerged: (1) Social media have both positive and negative aspects; (2) Social media escapism distorts reality; (3) Social media offer easy and affordable ways to escape; (4) Social media escapism needs to be managed to avoid addiction; and (5) Social media escapism enhances English language skills. The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic through restrictions on socializing, face-to-face interaction and online teaching were discussed within and across the identified discourses. Increasing their communicative competence in English while interacting with people of different cultural background, including English native speakers was one of most the positive aspects in students’ discussions of social media escapism.
A Feminist Analysis: Sexual Violence in the Bosnian War (1992-1995)
Authors: Çaputlu Özgenur
Published: June 2021

Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its ef-fects on Yugoslavian women. Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its effects on Yugoslavian women.
Issues of Religious Fundamentalism and Radicalization in Georgia
Authors: Putkaradze Kakha
Published: June 2021

The paper Issues of Religious Fundamentalism and Radicalization in Georgia refers to the proper study and analysis of the political, economic, cultural factors, external and domestic influences in the region. It focuses on the vulnerabilities of certain sections of the population living in the region, their views and attitudes. To what extent is it possible to incite religious fundamentalism and radicalism in the population of the region and what part of the target group can resort to extremism. The study emphasizes the importance of external forces and factors in shaping the mood of the popula-tion. It also answers the question of whether it is possible for an interested party to influence and manipulate the target group. The paper Issues of Religious Fundamentalism and Radicalization in Georgia refers to the proper study and analysis of the political, economic, cultural factors, external and domestic influences in the region. It focuses on the vulnerabilities of certain sections of the population living in the region, their views and attitudes. To what extent is it possible to incite religious fundamentalism and radicalism in the population of the region and what part of the target group can resort to extremism. The study emphasizes the importance of external forces and factors in shaping the mood of the population. It also answers the question of whether it is possible for an interested party to influence and manipulate the target group.
Multiculturalism: Identity, Language and Culture in Zadie Smith's White Teeth
Authors: Alnajm Alaal Lateef
Published: June 2021

This paper aims at examining the specific meaning of multiculturalism, identity, language and culture in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth, her debut novel. Smith depicts a clear picture of the multicultural society of Britain in general and London in particular. However, the paper studies the ways in which Smith’s novel transcends and promotes the limitations of black women. The study investigates how multicultural society of Britain drawn through the role of each character in the novel; therefore, it shows the complex construction of identity created by Smith to illustrate the relationship built by difference of race, language, and religion. The paper also examines how Zadie Smith in her use of language integrates the linguistic process existed in the intercultural experiences of both the characters and the author herself. This paper aims at examining the specific meaning of multiculturalism, identity, language and culture in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth, her debut novel. Smith depicts a clear picture of the multicultural society of Britain in general and London in particular. However, the paper studies the ways in which Smith’s novel transcends and promotes the limitations of black women. The study investigates how multicultural society of Britain drawn through the role of each character in the novel; therefore, it shows the complex construction of identity created by Smith to illustrate the relationship built by difference of race, language, and religion. The paper also examines how Zadie Smith in her use of language integrates the linguistic process existed in the intercultural experiences of both the characters and the author herself.This paper aims at examining the specific meaning of multiculturalism, identity, language and culture in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth, her debut novel. Smith depicts a clear picture of the multicultural society of Britain in general and London in particular. However, the paper studies the ways in which Smith’s novel transcends and promotes the limitations of black women. The study investigates how multicultural society of Britain drawn through the role of each character in the novel; therefore, it shows the complex construction of identity created by Smith to illustrate the relationship built by difference of race, language, and religion.
The First Research of the Social History of Tuberculosis in Bulgaria
Authors: Popova Kristina
Published: June 2021

The aim of the review is to present the book by Milena Angelova „The social disease. The tuberculosis in Bulgaria in the first half of the XXth century“
The Turkish Press about the Attitudes of the Bulgarian Turks and the Totalitarian Deportation Policy (1968 - 1969)
Authors: Zafer Zeynep
Published: June 2021

The flow of refugees and displaced people from the present territories of Bulgaria to the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic continued more than a century. In the scientific researches the refugee problem usually is considered from the political and historic point of view, the authors basing their studies mainly on official documents, treaties and bilateral agreements, protocols and reports preserved in different archives, in which personal experiences and human stories are lacking. The memories and the impressions of victims and witnesses shared in memoirs and in the press present the most vivid, intimate and realistic human stories. Some of the popular newspapers published testimonies and papers of the eviction from 1969 - 1978 which took place in the frame of a bilateral agreement. Three series of reportages published from the beginning of 1968 to the end of 1969 testified about the realistic attitudes of the Turkish minority, the personal drama of some of its representatives (leaving or staying in the totalitarian state) in the stormiest and full of tension years of negotiation, signing and starting the limited emigration. The aim of this research is to present the public discourse in Turkey about this exodus which have not found proper place in the researches.