bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Chelleh Daghi Herbal Ointment and Piroxicam Gel on Ankle Sprains
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Amani Alireza , Kamali Ali ,   Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Sadeghi Bahman ,   Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Sistani Ali Reza ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Tavakolizadeh Mahdi ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran., Ghodibigi Sajad ,   Bioparticulate Company Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Saghabi Farid ,   Arak Health Center, Arak, Iran., Ahmadlou Mojtaba ,   Clinical Development Research Center, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Ankle injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sports, accounting for 10% to 15% of all injuries. Since controlling pain and inflammation in ankle sprains is one of the main goals of treatment, we decided to compare the therapeutic effects of Cheleh daghi Herbal ointment with a common therapeutic gel such as piroxicam. Methods & Materials: This study was performed as a double-blinded clinical trial for 6 months from January 2019 to August 2019. After referral, all patients completed the consent form, and the patientchr('39')s details and study variables were recorded by the evaluator in the research form. To measure joint inflammation, we measured the ankle with a meter tape in the ankle area (cm) and recorded. A goniometer was also used to measure the degree of ankle movements. The symptoms of ankle ecchymosis were also checked by physical examination and observation and recorded in the checklist. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V. 18 using statistical tests (the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-square, and the independent t-test). Ethical Considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.55) and registered by the Clinical Trial (Code: IRCT2017071720258N53). Results: The Mean±SD age in the control group was 34.2±8.6 years, and in the case group was 35.4±8.9 years. There was no statistically significant difference according to the Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05). Also, the Mean±SD height in the control group was 1.7±0.12 m and in the case group was 1.72±0.11 m. The results also showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups studied before and after the intervention regarding the mean indicators of pain, swelling, and inflammation around the joints (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that Cheleh daghi Herbal ointment for 3 weeks could be more effective in reducing local pain and inflammation than piroxicam gel treatment.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pains Among Rehabilitation, Dentistry and Nursing Students
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Dehghan Leila , Dalvand Hamid ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Samadi Sadegh ,   Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Ebrahimi Monfared Mohsen ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Rafiei Fatemeh ,   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders are mainly prevalent among college students who experience direct contact with patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains among Rehabilitation, Dentistry, and Nursing students at Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 538 students of Arak University of Medical Sciences were recruited using the convenience sampling approach. Variables included age, sex, body mass index, study field, hours of using smartphone per day, and nine symptom sites being neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, low back, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet. The researchers assessed the musculoskeletal pain by using the Nordic questionnaire and demographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V. 18. Ethical Considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.253). Results: In this study, 538 students (205 males and 333 females) were studied with Mean±SD age of 22.04±2.53 years old. The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the spine (neck 29.4%, upper 24.3%, and lower back 37.2%) was higher than in upper and lower extremities. Musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder, upper, lower back, and thigh were significantly different based on sex. Also, musculoskeletal pain in the neck and ankle, and foot were significantly different based on age (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between musculoskeletal pain of back and ankle based on smartphone use hours per day. Conclusion: This study suggested that rehabilitation, nursing, and dentistry students are at risk for musculoskeletal pain, especially in the lumbar, cervical, and upper back.
Relationship Between ZAP-70 Gene (rs104893674 "A/C") Polymorphism With Risk for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors:   Department of Genetics, Colleague of Science, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran., Rahimzadeh Masoomeh , Naeimi Siroos ,   Department of Genetics, Colleague of Science, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran., Moghanibashi Mohammad Mahdi ,   Department of Genetics, Colleague of Science, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran., Khashei Varnamkhasti Khalil ,   Department of Genetics, Colleague of Science, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: In acute myeloid leukemia, a large number of immature cells develop, which can related to some single nucleotide polymorphisms presence in positions of genes that encodes enzymes involved in cell activation and evolution signaling pathways. In this study, the association of rs104893674 (A / C) polymorphism with the risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in samples obtained from Fars and Isfahan Province hospitals was investigated. Methods & Materials: In the present case-control study conducted at Islamic Azad University of Kazerun in 2019, 94 AML patients and 99 age and sex-matched healthy individuals were enrolled. The rs104893674 (A / C) polymorphism was determined by Tetra Primer ARMS PCR method. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version23) software using Chi-square statistical test. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.KAU.REC.1398.051 has been approved by Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Kazerun. Results: The results of this study showed a significant, allele and genotype-specific Association between rs104893674 (A / C) polymorphism with risk of AML. Thus, there are more likely to develop AML in AC genotype, individuals with A allele at this polymorphic site (P=0.000). Conclusion: The association of acute myeloid leukemia with the genetic polymorphism of the ZAP-70 protein can be considered as an option for prognosis of this complication in susceptible individuals.
Molecular Docking and In Silico Study of Denileukin Diftitox: Comparison of Wild Type With C519S Mutant
Authors:   Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Najarasl Mohamad , Zeinoddini Mehdi ,   Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Saeeidinia Ali Reza ,   Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Hasan Sajedi Reza ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Denileukin diftitox (trade name, Ontak) is the first recombinant immunotoxin (IM), in which the binding domain of diphtheria toxin has been replaced by the amino acid sequence of human interleukin-2 (DT389IL-2) using genetic engineering. Purity, stability, and structural property of the protein are critical factors for the scale-up production of this fusion protein. In this IM, location 519 has free cysteine residue that leads to cross S-S bound formation in the refolding process and, as a result, misfolding/aggregation of the protein may occur. Materials and Methods: To inhibit misfolding/aggregation, we substituted cysteine 519 by a serine residue with site-directed mutagenesis, and then the ability of the mutated protein for binding to the IL-2 receptor was predicted and determined by bioinformatics tools. For this purpose, the sequence of the denileukin diftitox was adopted from Drugbank, and the mentioned substitution applied. Two methods determined the folding of the fusion protein: de novo modeling method (by utilizing the I-TASSER database) and homology modeling method (by using some databases and tools, including Swiss-Model, PHYRE2, M4T, ModWeb, RaptorX, and EasyModeller). Finally, the ability of the proteins for binding to the IL-2 receptor was investigated by pyDock and Zdock docking servers, as well as Hex software. Results: The result showed that the mutated form (C519S) of this protein folds appropriately, and the ΔG of the models, measured by STRUM, showed no significant variation. Also, docking analysis has shown that the protein can efficiently bind to the IL-2 receptor without any substantial changes in the binding energy. Conclusion: The present study shows that the suggested mutation of this protein can be an acceptable replacement for denileukin diftitox with a similar affinity and a more proper refolding process.
Relevansi dan Tantangan Bangunan Pemikiran Kritis dan Pemecahan Masalah Pendidikan Islam dalam Mengembangkan Literasi Informasi dan Kesadaran global Abad 21
Authors: Ashar Salim
Published: February 2021

Throughout written history, starting from the plateau with its republic, critical thinking and problem solving are considered to be a 3rd century BC skill, today with technological advances marked by Artificial intelligence it still considers it to be 21st Century thinking or the main thought of the revolution Industry 4.0. the assumption that the emergence of digital technology requires fundamental changes to the curriculum and to the teaching and learning approach to educating "digital native" or "network generation" generations. There is emptiness in this context so the building of critical thinking and 21st century skills is inadequate, even in combination. The presence of superior character or character must be specially prepared in the 21st century with respect to digital skills. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Relevance and Challenges of Building Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Islamic Education in Developing Information Literacy and Global Awareness in the 21st Century. From the discussion it concludes: 1) Business people, politicians, and educators unite around the idea that students need "century skills" 21st "to be successful today by ignoring morals or characters whose temptations are heavier than before. 2) the challenges of Islamic education in the post-modern world (21st century) various contradictions about the definition of moral acts that abound and change the idea of ??a good life, the philosophical foundation of the instrumental and normative pillars continue to erode, here Islamic Education must be present and play its role . 3) The effectiveness of Islamic education teachers individually being the main focus of school improvement over the past decade, the success of teachers in improving the quality of learning also affects the success of students as adults, is more likely to go on to college, have better jobs and have superior character called morals noble.
Penggunaan Metode Simulasi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Keaktifan Siswa Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Materi Ketentuan Islam Tentang Peradilan dan Hikmahnya Kelas X di MAN I Pasuruan Tahun Pelajaran 2017-2018
Authors: Isya' Muhammad Andi
Published: February 2021

This paper is about the application of the simullation method to improve student learning outcomes about Islamic provisions regarding justice and wisdom on Fiqih class X MAN 1 Pasuruan. This learning improvement is done because it is considered necessary to overcome the problems that arise in the learning process. The purpose of this study is to improve student learning outcomes of Fiqih subjects about Islamic provisions regarding justice and wisdom through the use of the simullation method. This study uses Classroom Action Research that starts from planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were tenth grade students at MAN 1 Pasuruan. Sources of data obtained from students and teachers during learning. Data collection tools in the form of observation, test results, data instruments are observation sheets and test sheets. Based on the results of research that has been described that an increase in student learning outcomes and activeness in each cycle, starting from cycle one to the second cycle. so that it can be concluded if the simulation method can improve student learning outcomes and activeness of the provisions of Islamic material about justice and wisdom, fiqh subjects in class X MAN 1 Pasuruan
Measurement of Renal Dimensions to Determine Standard Reference Renal Volume Model for Clinical Application in Ghana
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Mensah Y. B. , Schandorf Cyril
Published: February 2021

The study is based on measurements of renal dimensions to determine standard reference renal volume model and renal volumetric ellipsoid coefficient. Two methods, Voxel count method and rotational renal ellipsoid equation were the two measuring tools used with an integrated MVL application software platform. The procedure involve measurement of linear dimensions together with using the snake technique to draw the region of interest (ROI) for the volumetric measurements. These were done to obtain: renal length, lateral diameter, A-P diameter and the total number of voxels to estimates the renal volume. These parameters were used to calculate renal volume using the rotational renal ellipsoid equation as well as using the Minitab statistical software to model renal volume equation. The reference standard renal volume was also determined using water displacement with the Archimedes' principle. The average renal shape index and its dispersion (i.e. covariance matrix) was approximately 1Â±0.02. The male average measured values for right and left kidneys were as follows: renal length, 103.35cm and 105.13cm, lateral diameter, 60.79 and 60.40 and A-P diameter, 44.12 and 44.95 and renal volume; 146.74cm3 and 151.76cm3 respectively. Furthermore, the female average measured values for right and left kidneys were as follows: renal length, 101.43 and 102.98, lateral diameter, 59.20 and 59.02 and A-P diameter, 43.09 and 44.82, renal volume 142.04cm3 and 148.29cm3 respectively. The average estimated renal volumetric ellipsoid coefficient (VeC) was 0.53. However, various variations for both male and female, with their corresponding right and left kidneys were, 0.5283, 0.5297, 0.5280 and 0.5304 respectively. The reference renal dimensions including the standard renal volume and renal volumetric ellipsoid coefficient are recommended for clinical application in Ghana.
STAFFING OF LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Kostyrko Alla , Zhyvchenko Karyna ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Furdui Karyna ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

The processes of globalization intensify the competition between business entities, which encourages them to seek new methods and technologies to improve the efficiency of their activities. It is established that efficient logistics ensures adaptation of the enterprise to market conditions and achieving an advantage over competitors. It is determined that the introduction of logistics in the economic activity of enterprises invites to join using a systematic approach. It is based on the formulation of the complex of consumers of the subsystem and their functioning functions. The driving force at the enterprise has always been labor resources. Therefore, the staffing subsystem is quite important. In this regard, the study was to identify key areas of staffing logistics activities of enterprises by increasing its efficiency and adaptation to modern business conditions. In general, the staffing has the following structures: training; personnel selection; motivation and stimulation of staff. In the process of training, you can focus on the ability to navigate logistics, levels of English language proficiency, external and internal academic mobility of higher education seekers, employees of educational institutions from external stakeholders. The issue of acquiring soft skills by future specialists, which help to find a common language with different people, to agree with them, to argue one's position and to add content to others, is relevant. In addition, flexible navigation programs help you work with information and be in your professions in the future. Recruitment offers the search for candidates through recruitment agencies, labor exchanges, staff recommendations, cooperation with educational institutions. Motivation and stimulation of staff has monetary and non-monetary forms. Cash incentives have a negative but short-term impact on staff performance. Non-monetary motivations, on the other hand, provide a lasting and lasting positive impact on the quality of people's work. It is established that the staffing of logistics activities of enterprises is based on the coordinated efforts of customers with appropriate qualifications, professional organizations, organizers of national services and government agencies, through the development of logistics.
MARKETING SERVICES MIX FOR HEALTHY TERRITORIES: EUROPE – UKRAINE FEATURES
Authors:   Sumy State University, Rosokhata Anna , Letunovska Nataliia ,   Sumy State University, Jasnikowski Adam ,   Sumy State University; Fundacja EUROWEEK, Moiseienko Daria ,   Sumy State University
Published: February 2021

The peculiarity of healthy territories is that this concept is complex and multifaceted. It includes implementing a healthy economy in some territory and security of public health in a particular territory. Therefore, from the standpoint of the territories' marketing as a component of the country's economy, it should be considered comprehensively. Usually, it is customary to use the 4P complex for territory marketing, but when we research a healthy territory, this concept is continually changing over time and shaping its image. In this case, for the implementation of healthy territories marketing and its image, it is advisable to use additional elements of the marketing mix, which can describe the processes and the human factor and the conditions of the territory marketing.
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Svirko Svitlana , Parshakov Valerii ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes a number of scientific literature on the problems of the functioning and development of the mining industry of Ukraine. However, the analysis showed that the research did not focus on the importance of the extractive industry in the economy of Ukraine. In the course of the research it was established that Ukraine is definitely one of the most powerful mineral resource countries in the world, this situation is explained by the complex geological structure of Ukraine. It is established that for generalization of information data the classification of kinds of economic activity in its consecutive logical heredity is offered for application, thus for the basic level to choose section coding. The article considers the role and place of the extractive industry in the economy of Ukraine. A number of statistical indicators of general economic importance were studied, namely: the volume of produced and intermediate consumption of extractive industries (showed that the leader in intermediate consumption is the processing industry, but it showed a decline in demand for extractive industries); foreign trade balance in the context of the extractive industry (indicates a gradual leveling of Ukraine's foreign trade balance in the extractive industry, both by maintaining a relatively stable indicator of exports of its products and reducing imports); the share of the extractive industry in the total volume of goods and services (demonstrates a steady increase in intermediate consumption of extractive industries in customer prices), the availability and condition of fixed assets (demonstrates a fragmentary increase in the initial cost of fixed assets within the domestic economy) within the industry of Ukraine and in fact stable – within the extractive industry) and the volume of capital investment in this industry (the dynamics should be considered positive, as the level of investment in the studied industry exceeds the level of total investment by 1.3 times and 1.03 times the level of industrial investment Of Ukraine). Based on the analysis, the relevant conclusions were made on the state and activities of the extractive industry, which, in general, should be considered better than the country as a whole, and in some respects – and the country's industry. This, as well as the functional purpose of this industry, allows us to emphasize that the extractive industry is an integral part of the overall economic complex of the country, which ensures its smooth and successful operation.
Symbolic Violence in Children’s Stories: Content Analysis in Bobo Magazine
Authors: Isnania Rahma , Martono Nanang , Widyastuti Tri Rini
Published: February 2021

The upper-class dominates various social spaces in society, including children’s stories. Children’s stories as a means of socializing values also participate in socializing upper-class habitus in the storyline. This study aims to describe the children’s habitus as narrated in short stories published in Bobo magazine. The method used in this study is the quantitative content analysis method and critical discourse analysis. This study’s object is about 174 short stories published in Bobo magazine from January 2019 to August 2020, of which 110 stories were taken randomly as samples. The results show that most of the children’s habitus narrated in the stories were upper-class children’s habitus, reaching out to 87 or 79.1% of all stories. Meanwhile, lower-class children’s habitus was found in 30.9% of all stories. The habitus of upper-class children featured in the story consisting of go on an excursion, luxury living, own electronic goods, own expensive good, wearing nightgowns, reading, and writing. On the other side, the habitus of lower-class children habitus featured in the story consisting of playing traditional games, living in poverty, and doing lower-class work. In conclusion, the upper-class children’s habitus appears more dominantly within short stories in Bobo magazine. This study’s results are expected as recommend to parties related to children’s stories publication to present more balanced stories.
La inclusió
Authors: Touhami Slimane
Published: February 2021

Aquest breu article presenta el concepte d’inclusió i explica l’èxit que ha tingut en determinats contextos, que el consideren un avenç respecte conceptes usats anteriorment (com el d’integració) pel fet que posa l’accent en les adaptacions que han de fer les institucions, les empreses, els serveis i el conjunt de la societat per facilitar la participació en termes d’igualtat de totes les siguin quines siguin les seves “singularitats”. L’article serveix d’introducció a l’article següent que a propòsit del concepte “reconeixement”, també assenyala que s’adrecen a les accions que han de fer les persones i les institucions de la majoria (enlloc d’assenyalar allò que s’espera que facin les persones excloses o els col·lectius considerats “diferents”). Finalment l’article assenyala 3 requisits que s’han de donar pera que el projecte social i de valors que representa “la inclusió” es desenvolupi amb èxit: l’establiment d’un marc legal que la fomenti; la revisió i la superació de les representacions negatives que menystenen a determinats col·lectius i les seves produccions (punt aquest que, altra vegada, té molt a veure amb el concepte de reconeixement); Ia consolidació de dinàmiques de treball que afavoreixin un relació menys jeràrquica i més participativa amb les persones a incloure.
The European Public Prosecutor’s Office: An institution built on sand?
Authors: O’Reilly Brian
Published: February 2021

The European Union has traditionally had a limited role in the area of criminal justice enforcement. Many other areas of EU law involve detailed legislation and direct involvement, but in relation to criminal law the EU has thus far been limited to a coordinating and harmonising role. There are, for example, certain minimum standards set on the national definitions of some serious criminal offences, and an attempt has been made to harmonise the types and level of sanctions applicable to certain offences, but when it comes to actually prosecuting these crimes the Member States still reign supreme. In Ireland, the job of prosecuting criminal offences in the Courts falls ultimately on the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP). This could be set to change, however, as a regulation is currently (slowly) working its way through the EU legislature that would set up a European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO), which could effectively ...
Irish Urban Planning Under a Neoliberal Agenda
Authors: A. McCrory Niall
Published: February 2021

Much academic attention and debate has been given to the use of and imposition of a Special Purpose Development Authority (SPDA) to Irish urban planning in the 1980s and 1990s to redevelop the Custom House Docks (later enlarged to encompass Dublin docklands). This newly-created agency marked a radical shift in the philosophy guiding urban planning in Ireland towards more overtly facilitative entrepreneurial systems of engagement with the property-development sector. Vested with planning powers to ´fast-track´ planning and development, the Irish SPDA expropriated planning powers entirely from the local authority marginalising planners´ functions in certain locations. Few studies have, however, attempted to document turn-of-the-century shifts in Irish planning by examining more recent changes in the planning code. This paper will attempt to demonstrate how recent changes in the Planning and Development Acts since 2000 only serve to illustrate the inherent bias of Irish urban planning towards favouring private capital over the interests of the ´common good´ by providing an exploration Irish urban planning under a neoliberal agenda.
An aging population – have we got an Oral Health Policy?
Authors: Woods Noel , Whelton Helen , Crowley Tara , Stephenson Ian , Ormbsy Mary
Published: February 2021

This paper highlights the impact of an aging population on the oral health of the elderly and to recommend policy measures to address the oral health inequities experienced by older people. It analyses data based on examinations carried out in the National Survey of Adult Oral Health on a sample of 714 adults aged 65 and older using commonly used parameters of dental health. The survey consisted of a clinical oral examination, a detailed questionnaire to establish behaviour patterns and attitudes, and focus group discussions to establish broader health and quality of life issues. The survey found that 65 per cent of the elderly had a medical card and thus were eligible for free dental services. However, just 14 per cent availed of the service even though 79 per cent had a clinical need for treatment. Over 20 per cent never visit the dentist and only 44 percent attend the dentist regularly. Older people were not well informed of the oral health needs and tended to visit the dentist for symptomatic reasons. Barriers to care included reduced morbidity, cost of transport, and fear of the dentist. It concludes that oral health promotion is required to raise awareness of oral health and of the Dental Treatment Services Scheme (DTSS) entitlements, promotion by other healthcare professionals and carers who are in frequent contact with older people, the provision of domiciliary care for those who cannot access clinic-based services and integration between the dental profession and medical profession.
Public Policy in an emerging state: The Irish Free State 1922-25
Authors: Corcoran Donal
Published: February 2021

The first three years of the Irish Free State’s existence were among the most crucial in independent Ireland’s history. William T. Cosgrave and his Cumann na nGaedheal (Party of the Irish) governments suppressed an internal revolt, overcame an acute scarcity of money, enacted a constitution, and defined how the state would be governed. They established an Irish civil service, army, courts service, police force and diplomatic corps; passed legislation to purchase the remaining agricultural land held by landlords; commenced exploitation of the natural resources, extended the use of Irish in schools, and began the task of increasing the state’s sovereignty. The administration of the Irish Free State was quickly changed from the British system of loosely co-ordinated boards and departments to a centralised Irish system.
The structural failure of Irish economic development and employment policy
Authors: O'Connor Tom
Published: February 2021

This article takes the Irish recession since 2008 and the need to introduce radically new employment polices as its ultimate goal. However, in arriving at these in the last section of the article, there is a need to first trace the historical development of economic development and employment policy. This is necessary to test whether current responses to unemployment, which are typically neo-liberal and serve specific ideologies and sectional interests in Irish society, have been continuous since independence; and to identify where breaks may have occurred and where continuities remain. Running through this, critical questions relate to whose interests have been served by dominant economic policy from independence to the present day. In learning lessons from this process, we can then come to conclusions as to what policy prescriptions are needed to reduce unemployment and put Ireland on a more state responsive, fairer and sustainable economic development and employment policy path from 2010 onwards.
Access to third level education: challenges for equality of opportunity in post celtic tiger Ireland
Authors: Maxwell Nicola , Dorrity Claire
Published: February 2021

There are numerous barriers to third level education, all of which are well documented. While several initiatives are taking place locally indicating a range of responses from community education to further education to third level, a number of gaps remain which continue to contribute to educational inequality in Ireland. A number of issues warrant attention; the need to move beyond a ‘deficit model of disadvantage’; to address educational inequality in a framework that challenges the language of disadvantage; the need to recognise the complexities and range of supports required to tackle educational inequality; and the need for more collaborative and interactive consultation processes in representing communities that are persistently marginalised. The aim of this article is to address a number of the above issues and to document some emergent themes from research currently being undertaken within Cork city. The research is being conducted through the Strategic Innovation Fund ‘Connections Project’ at UCC with a focus on adult non-traditional learners. It is one of four strands of the project. The research findings to date reflect the view of recent literature pointing to the need to open up the debate on the value of community education.
‘When poverty flies in the window, love walks out the door’: recessionary times for people experiencing poverty
Authors: Harford Katherine
Published: February 2021

This article presents a case study of the impact of the recession on an area of disadvantage as the economic crisis was unfolding in Ireland during 2009. Little attention has been given to the impact of the economic recession and subsequent policy responses on communities which have had long standing experiences of inequality and disadvantage. While it might be assumed that the recession would have potentially little further impact on a disadvantaged community, the research findings in this article demonstrate otherwise. They highlight the impact of the loss of the limited growth in job opportunities during the economic boom, together with emerging effect of retrenchment policies on the cost of living and indebtedness, and on the overall quality of family and community life. The article ends by reflecting on some of the long terms consequences of retrenchment for such communities.
Democracy, Complexity and Participation
Authors: O’Mahony Patrick
Published: February 2021

The contemporary crisis of democratic governance, heralded in opposing political philosophies since the 1960s, carries on into the present. One response is simply to maintain the procedural core of a liberal-pluralist model of democracy. The essay, drawing inspiration from ideas of responsibility emerging from the civil societal periphery, instead follows more radical democratic models in proposing that the status and role of public participation, and with it deliberative democracy, should be rethought. The paper concludes with some reflections on the empirical-theoretical implications for social and political theory.
Female police officers in Ireland: challenges experienced in balancing domestic care responsibilities with work commitments and their implications for career advancement
Authors: O’Hara Maureen
Published: February 2021

This paper resulted from a study which gave voice to female police1 officers who work full-time and try to combine this with their domestic caring responsibilities by focusing on their perceptions of work, their domestic caring responsibilities and their aspirations for career advancement. It was based on ten semi-structured interviews, with officers who work in urban and rural police stations in the North West of Ireland. Results established inequality in the top echelons of the Garda Síochána; through self-exclusion; officers experienced promotional disadvantage as well as disadvantage with regard to how domestic responsibilities were managed. Findings suggest a need for change both in orginanizational and work policies for female police in Ireland.This paper discusses caring responsibilities and the effects of same on female officers. Keywords: female, police, caring, policy, officers.
Trust in Leadership. Some observations on the process of trust building in the German Bundestag and the German Cabinet
Authors: Gast Henrik
Published: February 2021

Interpersonal trust has a significant impact on the government in parliamentary democracies. On the basis of a qualitative survey this study discusses in detail how German chancellors are able to contribute to the trust building process within the cabinet, the coalition and the (parliamentary) party. Within the analysis various ways of trust building are differentiated. A typological classification shows that the personality of the individual head of government impacts on the trust building process.
No Identity Please: On Integration of Muslims into Ireland
Authors: Aziz Sardar
Published: February 2021

In line with the remarkable changes that Ireland and Irish society went through in last few decades, the social fabric of the country now, more than at any other time, is multinational, multiethnic and multicultural. Among these new arrivals are Muslims. Because of the current global political condition, their integration makes more headlines. This article seeks to present a different viewpoint with regard to the question of the integration of Muslims in Ireland.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Low Back Pain (LBP) : Systematic Review
Authors: Sahara Ricca , R P Terry Yuliana
Published: February 2021

Low Back Pain (LBP) merupakan gangguan musculoskeletal yang dapat diakibatkan oleh aktivitas tubuh yang kurang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  mengetahui faktor risiko dari LBP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Review. Hasil telaah sistematis menunjukan bahwa terdapat 21 penelitian di tahun 2010 hingga 2020. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti dari masing-masing artikel berkisar antara 30-600 orang dan semuanya merupakan data primer. Desain penelitian sebagian besar menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian LBP diantaranya faktor umur, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lama kerja, posisi kerja, masa kerja, repetisi, beban kerja, merokok, stress, aktivitas fisik dan riwayat penyakit. Kesimpulannya adalah faktor yang paling berpengaruh yaitu posisi kerja. Posisi kerja yang janggal atau kurang baik akan meningkatkan jumlah energi yang dibutuhkan untuk bekerja sehingga dapat menimbulkan kelelahan.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Detection of Various Organisms: A Review
Authors: Akram Arifa
Published: February 2021

Disease diagnosis is important for implementation of proper therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Traditionally, disease diagnosis was depends upon isolation and identification of the causative organisms. This was followed by serology and after that molecular method. Molecular tests are valuable when early diagnosis is important. For this purpose, nucleic acid amplification (PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, self-sustained sequence replication, strand displacement amplification) is one of the most valuable tools not only for the diagnosis of infectious diseases but also used in advanced level research. The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) is a unique nucleic acid amplification technique for diagnosis of various pathogens introduced at 2000 by Notomi and his colleagues which is simple, easy, rapid and cost effective when compared to PCR due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity. It uses a set of six primers and a DNA polymerase with stranddisplacement activity. Major advantage of LAMP method is its cost-effectiveness as it can be done simply by using waterbath or heating block.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (2): 20-27
Laboratory Diagnostics of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chowdhury Sharmin , Anwar Shaheda , Saleh Ahmed Abu
Published: February 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (2): 28-33
Ergology of Western Polissian folk reed pipes
Authors:   Mykola Lysenko Lviv National Music Academy, Yarmola Victoriya
Published: February 2021

In the publication, a technological system of traditional whistling reed pipes produced by folk artists, widespread in Western Polissia, is revealed for the first time in a step-by-step process. The proposed exploration is based on its expeditionary records and material collected by various folklorists and employ- ees of Kyiv and Lviv research institutions, as well as some literary sources. 131 The existence of three types of nozzle instruments, the names of which correspond to the methods of their production: a pipe made from bark, a vykrutka and kolianka are established. Western Polissian folk reed pipes belong to the type of longitudinal whis- tle flutes with an internal cleft formed by the insertion of the whistling device at the upper end of the tube, and with holes placed on the front, sometimes on the back of the instrument. Whistle airphones have specific production features, according to the age group of masters: shepherd children, teens and adults. The easiest to manufacture among the discovered pipe instruments are ones made of bark, which had been previously removed from the branches of bush trees. In the process of removing the bark shepherds told special spells, which were recorded by the author on the researched area. The following two types of tools were made of wood: a kolianka in the form of a longitudinal splitting of the branch into two equal parts, a vykrutka - a screwing out the core of pine wood, which required a masters knowledge of certain empirical and professional skills. The folk pipe instruments played the role of a musical instrument, which corresponded to the individual artistic and aesthetic test of the flute maker and served as an integral part of the Polisian shepherd's everyday life
OKUMA YAZMAYA HAZIRLIK ÇALIŞMALARINA İLİŞKİN OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ YETERLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERBAŞ Yahya Han
Published: February 2021

Okuma yazma becerilerinin kazanılmasında temel becerileri kapsayan erken okuryazarlık kavramı artık okul öncesi eğitimin önemli konularından biri durumuna gelmiştir. Erken okuryazarlık beceri olarak adlandırılan sesbilgisel farkındalık, sözcük bilgisi, yazı farkındalığı, harf bilgisi, dinlediğini anlama becerileri okul öncesi çocukların okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarında temel teşkil etmektedirler. Öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının bu becerileri öğretme ve bu beceriler hakkındaki yeterlik algılarına dair alanyazında çeşitli çalışmalarla karşılaşmaktayız. Bu çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının, okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarına dair yeterliklerinin farklı değişkenlerle ile olan ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2019-2020 öğretim yılında Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören okul öncesi öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu ise, Temel Eğitim Bölümü Okul Öncesi Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalı son sınıfında öğrenim gören toplam 82 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler “Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık Çalışmalarına İlişkin Yeterliliklerini Belirleme Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ile betimsel istatistiklerin yanında çok değişkenli varyans analizi (MANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre cinsiyet, akademik başarı ortalaması ve öğrenim türüne bağlı olarak öğretmen adayları arasında okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarına ilişkin yeterlikleri arasında anlamlı farklılık olmazken, bölüme isteyerek gelme değişkeninde anlamlı farklılık ortaya çıkmıştır.
Multifractal analysis of rainfall in coastal area in Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Barreto Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho , Stosic Tatijana
Published: February 2021

Global warming and climate change are the mayor concerns of scientists, engineers and policy makers because they affect every aspect of nature and human life. Rainfall and air temperature are the most important variables used to detect climate change, through the statistical analysis of set of indices that describe temperature and rainfall extremes. Over the last decades concepts and methods from complex system science were applied in analysis of hydrological data to describe variability of hydrological processes on multiple temporal and spatial scales. In this work we analyzed daily rainfall temporal series in Recife, Brazil (during the period from 1962 to 2019) using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) in order to study long term correlations in subsets of small and large rainfall fluctuations. We calculated multifractal parameters (that quantify position of maximum, width and asymmetry of multifractal spectrum) which are related to different properties of rainfall fluctuations. By comparing the values of these parameters for two subperiods of 29 years, we found that after 1990, rainfall dynamics changed towards stronger persistency, weaker multifractality and decreased dominance of small fluctuations.
Dual benefit of ocean acidification for the laminarialean kelp Saccharina latissima: enhanced growth and reduced herbivory
Authors: Young CS , Doall MH , Gobler CJ
Published: February 2021

The laminarialean kelpSaccharina latissimais a common macroalga along rocky shorelines that is also frequently used in aquaculture. This study examined how ocean acidification may alter the growth ofS. latissimaas well as grazing onS. latissimaby the gastropodLacuna vincta. Under elevated nutrients,S. latissimaexperienced significantly enhanced growth atpCO2levels ≥1200 µatm compared to ambientpCO2(~400 µatm). ElevatedpCO2(≥830 µatm) also significantly reduced herbivory ofL. vinctagrazing onS. latissimarelative to ambientpCO2. There was no difference in grazing ofS. latissimapreviously grown under elevated or ambientpCO2, suggesting lowered herbivory was due to harm to the gastropods rather than alteration of the biochemical composition of the kelp. Decreased herbivory was specifically elicited whenL. vinctawere exposed to elevatedpCO2in the absence of food for ≥18 h prior to grazing, with reduced grazing persisting 72 h. Elevated growth ofS. latissimaand reduced grazing byL. vinctaat 1200 µatmpCO2combined to increase net growth rates ofS. latissimamore than 4-fold relative to ambientpCO2.L. vinctaconsumed 70% of daily production byS. latissimaunder ambientpCO2but only 38 and 9% at 800 and 1200 µatm, respectively. Collectively, decreased grazing byL. vinctacoupled with enhanced growth ofS. latissimaunder elevatedpCO2demonstrates that increased CO2associated with climate change and/or coastal processes will dually benefit commercially and ecologically important kelps by both promoting growth and reducing grazing pressure.
Protection against ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction conferred by preconditioning in the rat heart: involvement of mitochondrial KATP channels and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Matejíková J , Kucharská J , Pintérová M , Pancza D , Ravingerová T
Published: February 2021

Ischemic preconditioning (I-PC) induced by brief episodes of
ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) protects the heart against
sustained I/R. Although activation of mitochondrial KATP channels
(mitoKATP) interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) has
been proposed as a key event in this process, their role in the
antiarrhythmic effect is not clear. This study was designed: 1) to
investigate the involvement of mito KATP opening in the effect of
I-PC (1 cycle of I/R, 5 min each) on ventricular arrhythmias
during test ischemia (TI, 30-min LAD coronary artery occlusion)
in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and subsequent postischemic
contractile dysfunction, and 2) to characterize potential
mechanisms of protection conferred by I-PC and pharmacological
PC induced by mito KATP opener diazoxide (DZX), with particular
regards to the modulation of ROS generation. Lipid peroxidation
(an indicator of increased ROS production) was determined by
measurement of myocardial concentration of conjugated dienes
(CD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in nonischemic controls, non-preconditioned and preconditioned hearts
exposed to TI, I-PC alone, as well as after pretreatment with
DZX, mito KATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) and
antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Total number of ventricular
premature beats (VPB) that occurred in the control hearts
(518±71) was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by I-PC (195±40),
NAC (290±56) and DZX (168±22). I-PC and NAC suppressed an
increase in CD and TBARS caused by ischemia indicating lower
production of ROS. On the other hand, I-PC and DZX themselves
moderately enhanced ROS generation, prior to TI. Bracketing of
I-PC with 5-HD suppressed both, ROS production during PC and
its cardioprotective effect. In conclusion, potential mechanisms of
protection conferred by mito KATP opening in the rat heart might
involve a temporal increase in ROS production in the
preconditioning phase triggering changes in the pro/antioxidant
balance in the myocardium and attenuating ROS production
during subsequent prolonged ischemia.