bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Teaching Effectiveness for Autism Children
Authors: Abu Bakar Norsuhaily , Ali Zuraina , Saputra Jumadil , Jusoh Zailani , Alsmadi Mohammad Shaban , Solahudin Mohd Hamidi
Published: December 2022

Autism is a developmental disorder that affects communication and interaction ability negatively. There has been an increase in its prevalence in current statistics. Consequently, NASOM teachers have also increased the need to teach children with autism. The purpose of this study is to investigate how autism teachers in NASOM can improve their education strategies in terms of knowledge, formation, and competences. The study's location is in Malaysia. The research data were obtained by means of the questionnaire quantitatively. 55 teacher interviews who teach autistic children in NASOM received the questionnaires. Issues were divided into sections like knowledge and competence. They showed, however, an interest in taking advanced courses to increase their skills strategies for autistic children. There is thus a need to improve training of trainers (ToT) and the module by adding more autism components. NASOM teachers also had to be given access to autism training because autism learning has progressed, and several scientifically effective strategies are now available. Several proposals were proposed by the researchers to improve the studies, training, skills, and ToT course presences of autistic students. Analysis was again analysed using t-test, correlation and Regression using SPSS version 20 software for the raw data obtained. The results showed that with their presence at the ToT course there was a difference in knowledge, training, and competency. The ToT course has been found to be effective but still the strategies teaching autistic children need to improve since the results showed moderate and low.
Investigating the Effect of Government Spending on the Human Development Index in Simalungun Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Damanik Darwin , Panjaitan Pawer Darasa , Tumanggor Bagudek , Purba Fariaman
Published: December 2022

This research aims to analyze the effect of government spending on health, education, and infrastructure on affecting the human development index (HDI) in Simalungun Regency partially and simultaneously. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis models. Sources of data used in the form of secondary data obtained from the publication data of the Central Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and data Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) Simalungun Regency with the period 2003-2020. Partially, the variables of government spending in the health, education, and infrastructure sectors have a positive and no significant effect on the human development index in Simalungun Regency. Meanwhile, simultaneously, government spending variables in the health, education, and health sectors have a significant effect on HDI in Simalungun Regency. And then Government spending in the infrastructure sector has the most dominant effect on HDI in Simalungun Regency compared in health and education. The coefficient of determination (R2) explains the variables of the health sector, the education sector, and the infrastructure sector can explain the variation of the HDI variable by 0.750 or 75.0%. While the rest is explained by other variables do not study in this investigation.
The Use of Medicinal Plants and Its Implication on Plants Conservation: The Case of West Usambara, Tanzania
Authors: Said Mohamed , Peter Kalista
Published: December 2022

In recent decades, medicinal plants have been overused. The failure of some modern medicines, an increase in degenerative diseases and the trading of medicinal plants are among the factors that have triggered such overutilization. This study was carried out in West Usambara Mountains, in Tanzania, to investigate the effects of medicinal plant harvesting on plants conservation. We collected ethnobotanical data from 160 respondents. Interviews and field observation were the main data collection methods. SPSS Version 25 was used to analyse the collected data to understand the knowledge on the parts of medicinal plant used, the preparation of medicines from plants, amount harvested, and the effects of harvested herbs on plants conservation. Information obtained from key informants was analysed through thematic analysis. The study revealed that some medicinal plant species such as Omphalogonus calophyllus and Aloe spp. were being unsustainably harvested. Furthermore, the change from cultural ways of using medicinal plants to commercial purposes was found to be threatening plant species in the area. The study concludes that West Usambara is a rich region of diverse medicinal plants and traditional healthcare knowledge. However, the change from the culture of using medicinal plants for domestic use only to commercial use is threatening the existence of medicinal plants. Hence, it signals the need for serious efforts to be made to create public awareness; initiate and establish laws so that appropriate measures are taken to conserve medicinal plants in the fragile natural ecosystem of the West Usambara Mountains.
Mixed Cropping as a Response to Climate Change in Manyoni District, Tanzania
Authors: Sawe Jackson
Published: December 2022

This article assesses the role of mixed cropping in response to climate change in Manyoni district, Tanzania. The study adopted a mixed research design where quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used. Simple random and purposive sampling were used to select respondents for the study. Household survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation and document review methods were used to collect data. The household survey included 362 heads of households. Data on rainfall and temperature was collected from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA), while linear analysis was used to determine the trends of rainfall and temperature. The findings revealed that about 80.9% of the households engaged in farming perceived climate change through the decrease in rainfall, and 88.7% perceived it through the increase in temperature. The study found that mixed cropping is still a practical farming system in response to climate change due to various potentials associated with it, including: crop insurance, improvement of soil fertility, assurance of crop production, and minimization of pests and diseases that attack crops. The findings also revealed that not all farmers were practicing the mixed crop farming system due to various impediments, such as the impact of Western farming knowledge, and the lack of education and information about the usefulness of mixed cropping in response to climate change. The study concludes that mixed cropping as a traditional farming system is still viable, appropriate and a game-changer in dealing with climate change. Thus, it is recommended that collective strategies to promote mixed cropping as a traditional farming system be sustained to increase crop production.
ڕەهەندی ئەفسانەیی لە شیعرەکانی (حاجی قادری کۆیی) دا
Authors: دلاوه‌ر عومه‌ر حه‌مه‌د  , ئیدریس عه‌بدوڵڵا مسته‌فا
Published: December 2022

توێژینەوەی "ئەفسانە لە شیعرەکانی حاجی قادری کۆیی " هەنگاوێکە بەرەو ناساندنی دونیای "حاجی قادر" و کاریگەریی فۆلکلۆر لەسەر شیعرەکانی،بە تایبەت " ئەفسانە"  شاعیر هەوڵیداوە ئەو کەره‌ستە ئامادەیەی فۆلکلۆر بترنجێنێتە نێو شیعرەکانی،بۆ ئەوەی هەم خەڵکە گشتییەکە تێی بگەن،هەمیش کورتبڕی بکات بەدەربڕینێکی کەم زۆرترین مەبەست و واتا دەرببڕێت.

مەزراندنی فۆلکلۆر بە تایبەتیش ئەفسانە گرنگە،بۆ مێژوو و بۆ پاراستنی ئەو سامانە فۆلکلۆرییە لە ڕێگەی شیعرەوە.

ئەم باسە و باسی دیکەیش پەیوەست بە ئەفسانە خراوەتە ڕوو و لە شوێن و جێگای خۆی ڕوونکراوەتەوە،باس لەو مەبەستانەیش کراوە کە " حاجی قادر " بەهۆیەوە ئەفسانەکانی بەکارهێناوە،شاعیر هەوڵیداوە،ئەفسانە کوردییەکان زیاتر بە نەوەی دوای خۆی بناسێنێت، کورد سوود لە ئەفسانە جیهانییەکانیش ببینێت و ئەدەبی خۆی پێ دەوڵەمەندتر بکات.
شیکردنەوەی پەندی پێشینانی کوردی بەپێی یاساکانی گوێزانەوە
Authors: خەسرۆ جەلال خدر  , ساجیدە عەبدوڵڵا فەرهادی
Published: December 2022

ئەم لێكۆڵینەوەیە بە ناونیشانی (شیکردنەوەی پەندی پێشینانی کوردی بەپێی یاساکانی گوێزانەوە)یە، هەوڵێكە بۆ پراکتیزەکردنی یاساكانی گوێزانەوە بەسەر پەندی پێشینانی كوردیدا؛ لەگەڵ ئەوەی پەند دەربڕینێكی چەسپاوە و بە ئاسانی مل بۆ هەموو گوێزانەوەیەك نادا، بەڵام بەپێی یاساكانی گوێزانەوە، دوای بەرهەمهێنانی ڕستەی پەندەكە لە ئاستی ژێرەوە، پێویستی بە چەند یاسایێك دەبێ تاكو بە ئاستی ڕووكەش بگات، پەندی پێشینانیش مەبەستدارە و قسەكەر زۆرجار بە مەبەست جەخت لەسەر كەرەستەیەك دەكات و گۆڕین یا جێگۆڕكێ بە جێكەوتەكەی دەكات، تاكو گەیاندنی واتای مەبەست تیایدا ئاسانتر ببێت؛ جێگۆڕكێی كەرەستەكانیش نابێتە هۆی گۆڕینی دۆخ و ئەركی ڕێزمانییان. لێكۆڵینەوەكە جگە لە پێشەكی و ئەنجام، لە دوو بەش پێكدێت:

بەشی یەكەم: تایبەتە بە كەرەستە سینتاكسییەكان و قاڵبەكانی ڕیزبوونیان لە دروستەی پەندی پێشینانی كوردیدا، تیایدا باس لە كەرەستە بەخورتی و ئارەزوومەندانەكان و پەیوەندیی واتایی نێوانیان دەكرێ.

بەشی دووەم: بۆ یاساكانی گوێزانەوە لە پەندی پێشینانی كوردیدا تەرخانكراوە، كە بەپێی توانا هەوڵدراوە ئەو یاسایانەی لە دروستەی ڕووكەشی پەندی پێشیناندا جێبەجێدەبن، یەكلا و ساغ بكرێنەوە.

دواتریش ئەو ئەنجامانەی كە لە لێكۆڵینەوەكەدا پێیگەیشتووین خراونەتە ڕوو، لە كۆتاییشدا، دوا بەدوای پەراوێز و لیستی سەرچاوەكان، پوختەی لێكۆڵینەوەكە بە هەر دوو زمانی عەرەبی و ئینگلیزی نووسراوە.
بەراوردکردنی نیشانەی ڕێزمانی و ئامراز لە زمانی کوردیدا
Authors: ڕێباز مه‌حمود محه‌مه‌دساڵح  , عەبدوڵڵا حوسێن ڕەسوول
Published: December 2022

ئەم توێژینەوەیە، بە ناونیشانی ( بەراوردکردنی نیشانەی ڕێزمانی و ئامراز لە زمانی کوردیدا)یە، هەوڵێکە بۆ باسکردنی بابەتێکی گرنگی زمان، کە لە زمانی کوردیدا بە شێوەیەکی ورد و زانستی باس نەکراوە، هەندێ جار بە هەڵە بە نیشانەی ڕێزمانی وتراوە ئامراز و بەپێچەوانەوەش.

باسکردنەکەش زیاتر لەڕووی وشەسازی و ڕستەسازی دەبێت، چونکە تێکەڵاوکردنی نیشانە ڕێزمانییەکان و ئامرازەکان هەڵەیەکی باوە و زیاتر هۆکارەکەی بۆ فۆڕمەکەیان دەگەڕێتەوە.

ئەم توێژینەوەیەش لە پێشەکی و سێ بەش و ئەنجام و لیستی سەرچاوەکان پێکهاتووە:

بەشی یەکەم: ناساندنی نیشانەیە کە چەمک و تایبەتمەندی و پێناسە و جۆرەکانی نیشانە دەگرێتە خۆ.

بەشی دووەم: ئەم بابەتانە لەخۆ دەگرێت: ( چەمک و تایبەتمەندی و پێناسە و جۆرەکانی ئامرازەکانی: پەیوەندی و لێکدەر و گەیەنەر، هەروەها جیاکردنەوەی نیشانە ڕێزمانییەکان و ئامرازە نووساوەکان بە وشەکانەوه).               

بەشی سێیەم: خاڵە هاوبەش و جیاوازەکان، کە لەنێوان نیشانە ڕێزمانییەکان و ئامرازەکان هەن،  دەگرێتە خۆ.
کۆتکردنی چاڵاکی گیرەک لە داڕشتنی وشەی زمانی کوردیدا
Authors: سروە جەعفەر محەمەدئەمین  , عەبدوڵلا عه‌زیز بابان
Published: December 2022

ئەم توێژینەوە لە چوارچێوەی وشەسازیدایە، تیایدا کرداری کۆتکردن ڕوون دەکاتەوە، کە بریتییە لە نەگەڕانەوەی فۆڕمێک بە هۆی بوونی فۆڕمێکی تر،  باس لە چۆنیەتی ڕێگەگرتنی دروستبوونی وشە و زاراوە دەکات، هەروەها هۆکاری کۆتکردن دەخاتەڕوو، ئاماژە بە کاریگەریە نەرێنییەکانی کۆتی گیرەک دەکات لە بەرهەمهێنی وشە و زاراوەدا، کە تیایدا باس لە هەنگاوەکانی ئەم کاریگەریە نەرێنییە کراوە، جیاوازی بەهێزیی گیرەک و بێ هێزیی گیرەک لە کۆتکردندا خراوەتەڕوو، ئەم توێژینەوەیە لە دوو بەش پێکهاتووە:

بەشی یەکەم بریتییە لە چەمک و پێناسەی کۆتکردن و کۆتکردن لە داڕشتنی وشەدا و هۆکارەکانی کۆتبوونی گیرەک و کاریگەری نەرێنی کۆتی گیرەک لە بەرهەمهێنی وشە و زاراوەدا هەروەها جیاوازی بەهێزی و بێ هێزیی گیرەک لە کۆتکردندا.

بەشی دووەم بریتییە لە چەند پێشنیازێک بۆ چارەسەرکردن و داڕشتنی وشە و زاراوەی کوردی.
عه‌ونی یوسف ١٩٠٨-١٩٨٨ ژیان و ڕۆڵی سیاسی
Authors: شوان محەمەدئەمین تەها  , مستەفا محەمەد كەریم  , بارزان محەمەد عەلی
Published: December 2022

ئەم توێژینەوە، لە ژێر ناوی (عەونی یوسف ١٩٠٨-١٩٨٨، ژیان و خەباتی سیاسیی) لە دوو تەوەری سەرەکی پێکهاتووە، هەر تەوەرێک دابەشی چەند باسێک کراوە، لە تەوەری یەکەمدا، باس لە ژیانی عەونی یوسف کراوە، تیشک خراوەتە سەر بنەماڵەکەیان و پاشان چەند وێستگەیەکی ژیانی خراوەتە ڕوو، پاشان باسی کەسایەتی و کارو پیشە و پۆستەکانی کراوە، تەوەری دووەمیش تەرخان کراوە بۆ کارو چالاکی سیاسی، وەک چالاکییە سیاسییەکانی لە شاری هەولێر و بەشداری لە ڕووداوە سیاسییەکاندا، هەروەها تیشک خراوەتە چالاکی و جموجۆڵەکانی لە نێو پارتە سیاسییە کوردییەکاندا بە شێوەی نهێنی و ئاشکرا
بررسی عنصر گره¬افکنی در دو روايت لیلی و مجنون نظامی و مم و زين خانى
Authors: جیهاد شکری رشید
Published: December 2022

گره­افکنی یکی از عناصر داستانی است که نقش برجسته­ای در طرح داستان، انسجام و رشد و پیشبرد آن دارد. زیرا نوسینده گره­هایی را که در طول داستان ایجاد می­کند، باید با خلاقیت ذهن، ترفندهای داستانی مطابقت داشته باشد و در جهت بازگشایی این گره­ها تلاش کند. در این پژوهش سعی بر آن است تا با روش کتابخانه­ای و شیوه­ی توصیفی- تحلیلی به بررسی هر یک از عوامل موثر در ایجاد گره­های داستانی پرداخته شود تا از این طریق نشان داده شود که میزان مطابقت‏ عنصر گره افکنی با اصل علیت و معیارهای داستان نویسی‏ در هر دو داستان مذکور تا چه اندازه رعایت شده است. نتایج حاصل آمده از این پژوهش نشان می دهد که عنصر گره افکنی در منظومه‏های عاشقانه (لیلی و مجنون و مم و زین) از اصلی‏ترین عناصری‏ است که در ایجاد و شکل گیری هر دو داستان مؤثر بوده است که کلیت طرح داستانی آن­ها را تشکیل می­دهد
التحليل المورفومتري لتحديد أولويات الصيانة في الأحواض الجنوبية الغربية لسلسلة جبل آكري
Authors: هوزان صادق مولود  , حكمت عبدالعزيز حمد الحسيني
Published: December 2022

تعد صيانة المناطق المعرضة للتعرية المائية ضمن أحواض الأنْهُر والتي هي إحدى المكونات البيئية الأساسية أمر ضروري لاسيّما في هذا الوقت الذي تعددت فيه التداخلات الخاطئة للإنسان ومعاملاته غير السليمة مع البيئة ومكوناتها. نظراً لعدم إمكانية إجراء الصيانة المتكاملة على مساحات واسعة وفي آنٍ واحد، فإن محاولة تحديد مستويات التعرية المائية كأساس لتحديد أوْلويات الصيانة بإستخدام المتغيرات المورفومترية إحدى الوسائل الناجعة لتسريع عملية الصيانة وتحقيق أوطارها. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى رسم خارطة مستويات التعرية المائية وإبراز تبايناتها المكانية في الأحواض الجنوبية الغربية لسلسلة جبل أكري، ولتحقيق هذه الغاية ركزت الدراسة على الخصائص التضاريسية وشبكة الصرف كونهما أشد علاقة بالتعرية المائية, ثم حساب قيمة المتغيرات الخاصة بهما في الأحواض النهرية بتطبيق طريقة شبكة المربعات المتساوية, وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: يعد متغيرَىْ نسبة التضرس ومتوسط الإنحدار من أكثر المتغيرات المورفومترية تأثيراً على مقدار التعرية المائية ومستوياتها.
Analysis of Hand, Face, and Body Contact Dermatitis in Children with Chemical Patch Tests
Authors: CANDAN Feride , ÖZEN Hülya , HARMANCİ Koray
Published: December 2022

Objective: Allergic contact dermatitis is a late-type (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after re-exposure to substances that have been previously encountered and sensitized. 3700 chemicals that can cause this condition have been reported. There are publications in the literature that the hand and face are the body parts that are more frequently involved in contact dermatitis in adults. However, this study was aimed because there is not enough data about which region is affected more frequently in children and the examination of allergens according to the affected areas.
Materials and Methods: In our study, 102 patients who applied to our outpatient clinic between January 2019 and June 2021, diagnosed with contact dermatitis and applied chemical patch test, were included and analyzed retrospectively.
Results: Of the 102 patients included in the study, 43 (42.2%) were female and 59 (57.8%) were male. The ages of the patients were between 4-18 years and the mean age was 9.45±3.92 years. When the body areas with contact dermatitis are examined; hand involvement was present in 33 (32.4%), 7 (6.9%) hand and arm involvement, and 2 (2%) hand and face involvement. Facial involvement was present in 19 (18.6%) and 5 (4.9%) had both trunk and face involvement. Trunk involvement was detected in 36 patients (35.3%).
Conclusion: When the sensitized ones with Myroxylon Pereiare Resin and Formaldehyde were evaluated according to the lesion localization, the difference between them was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Myroxylon Pereiare Resin was positive in 8 of 36 patients with trunk only contact dermatitis. Sensitization was observed in 5 of the 19 patients with facial involvement with formaldehyde. No significant difference was found between lesion localizations and positivity rates in other chemical parameters.
Oxidative stress in diverse clinical conditions of SARS-CoV-2 Cuban hospitalized patients
Authors: Gil-del Valle Lizette , Gravier-Hernández Rosario , Delgado-Guerra Mario M. , Sánchez-Márquez Joniel A. , López-Fernández Olga E. , Acosta-Suárez Miguel A. , Rosell-Guerra Teresa , Suárez-Iznaga Rodolfo , Martínez-Casanueva Raiza , Zamora-Rodriguez Zullyt , Fernández-García Lidia A. , Bermudez-Alfonso Yusimit , Hernández-Gonzalez-Abreu María C. , Garrido Gabino
Published: December 2022

Context: COVID-19 related to SARS-CoV-2 infection generates inflammation with increased reactive oxygen species production. Drug treatment and others factors could influence systemic oxidative stress during pathogenic insult. Aims: To determine the redox status in COVID-19 patients with different clinical conditions and explore the relationship between redox and hematological hemochemical variables. Methods: In this comparative longitudinal study, blood samples were drawn from 160 individuals divided into four groups: COVID-19 asymptomatic, COVID-19 symptomatic (low and moderate symptoms), COVID-19 convalescent, and presumable healthy subjects. Demographic, redox, hematological, and hemochemical indices were assessed. Statistical analyses compared the median values of each variable and explored individual, simultaneous indices, and multivariate alteration. Results: Relative to the healthy group, acute COVID-19, and convalescent groups had significant differences in global damage indices and antioxidant status (p<0.05). The convalescent group showed significantly higher damage (malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, nitric oxide) and lower antioxidant enzymatic activities and glutathione concentration compared to other groups (p<0.05). Global modification of redox indices showed that more than 80% of studied individuals in acute conditions had simultaneous detrimental differences compared to a healthy status. The discriminant analysis permitted obtaining two canonical functions (p< 0.05) that reflect 98% of redox variables with 95% of variances with successful case classifications. Conclusions: These results corroborate that oxidative stress occurred in different COVID-19 and post-acute conditions with different molecular alterations of redox indices. Redox diagnosis should be considered in early diagnosis and treatment of infection, which would be worthwhile to conduct a more comprehensive study and management of disease evolution.
Mesial movement of maxillary first molars and vertical dimensional changes in orthodontic extraction treatment for patients with different facial morphology
Authors: Alwadei Abdurahman , Alwadei Farhan , Alfarhan Ali , Upadhyay Madhur , Alwadei Saleh
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Primarily, to compare anchorage loss and changes in mandibular plane (MP) angle, overbite, and amount of horizontal, vertical, and angular movements of maxillary incisors in groups of hypodivergent, hyperdivergent, and normodivergent patients. Secondarily, to analyze the relationship between those factors.
Methods: Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of 89 patients treated with extraction of four bicuspids or two maxillary bicuspids were analyzed. The sample was divided into three groups based on their facial pattern measured by SN-MP angle (hypodivergent: < 270, hyperdivergent: >380, and normodivergent: 270-380). Linear and angular measurements included the distances of U1 tip and U6 mesial height of contour to Y-axis (i.e., line perpendicular to the X-axis, passing through Sella turcica), distance of U1 tip to Sella on X-axis, overbite, angulation of U1 to palatal plane, and SN-MP and ANB angles. Inferential statistics included one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.
Results: Facial morphology did not primarily affect anchorage loss, because other factors such as crowding, severity of Class II molar relationship, and extraction modality played more impactful role (P< 0.01). Change in mandibular plane angle was neither influenced by, nor correlated with, initial facial morphology or anchorage loss (P> 0.05). Positive change in overbite was significantly correlated with facial pattern, incisor extrusion and retroclination (r= 0.30, 0.44, and -0.35, respectively, P< 0.01).
Conclusion: Anchorage loss in extraction orthodontic treatment is not influenced primarily by initial facial morphology. Anchorage loss is not significantly associated with MP angle reduction. Change in overbite can be achieved through incisor extrusion and retroclination.
Toward environmental sustainability: Nexus between tourism, economic growth, energy use and carbon emissions in Singapore
Authors: Raihan Asif , Muhtasim Dewan Ahmed , Farhana Sadia , Hasan Md Ahsan Ul , Paul Arindrajit , Faruk Omar
Published: December 2022

Singapore is a renowned tourist destination; however, the country's rapid economic growth has led to rising energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study aims to examine the factors that contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Singapore, including tourism, economic growth, and energy use. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approach was used to analyze time series data from 1990 to 2020. The results of the empirical study revealed that the tourist coefficient is positive and significant. A 0.50% increase in CO2 emissions relates to a 1% increase in tourism activities over time, according to the findings. In addition, the result indicates that the economy's long-run growth coefficient is significantly negative. This shows that a 1% economic growth will reduce CO2 emissions by 0.03% in the long run. Furthermore, a positive and statistically significant correlation for energy consumption suggests that a long-term increase of 1% in energy consumption is associated with an increase of 0.88% in CO2 emissions. To promote the emergence of sustainable development and a low-carbon economy, this article proposed policy recommendations addressing the reduction of emissions and the promotion of ecologically responsible and sustainable tourism while boosting the utilization of renewable energy technologies.
GREENER SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES FROM Acacia catechu
Authors: ANUSE SOMAJI SHANKAR , SUMATHI V. , UMA C. , SANGEETHA D. , SIVAGURUNATHAN P. , KUMAR D. J. MUKESH
Published: December 2022

Selenium is an important trace element for human health. Organic and inorganic selenium have different biological and physicochemical properties than selenium nanoparticles. We hoped to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from Acacia catechu extract. Synthesized nanoparticles are used for flavonoids, phenolic compounds, lowering sugar tests, etc. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra are used to detect the reduced and stabilized functional groups of metabolites in an acacia bark extract and their likely role in selenium nanoparticle formation. The color change indicates biological sodium selenite reduction by Acacia catechu extract. Antioxidant properties of selenium nanoparticles are tested using 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and lipid peroxide radical scavenging action. Our results show that manufactured selenium nanoparticles boost antioxidant activity. Selenium nanoparticles are effective radical scavengers that could be used in food and medicine.
Integration of Ontology Transformation into Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Warda Lazarre , Kaladzavi Guidedi , Samdalle Amaria , Kolyang
Published: December 2022

The goal of this study is to suggest a method for turning an ontology into a hidden Markov model (HMM). Ontology properties (relationships between classes) and ontology classes are taken as HMM symbols and states, respectively. Knowledge is represented in many different fields using the central element of the Semantic Web dubbed ontology. The authors employed machine learning technologies like HMM to add knowledge to these ontologies or to extract knowledge from within them. The meaning obtained from ontologies is not described during this task. The ontology triples that were extracted using SPARQL queries are used in this paper to transform the ontology into an HMM in order to handle this semantic. The Pizza ontology has been used to implement this method, which is based on lightweight ontologies.
Covid 19 Pandemisinin BIST Likit Endeksler Üzerindeki Volatilite Etkisi
Authors: ERASLAN Mehmet , KOÇ Selahattin
Published: December 2022

Literatürde negatif şokların pay senedi endeksleri üzerinde asimetrik volatilite etkisi olduğu savunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören Likit Banka Endeksi (XLBNK), Banka Dışı Likit 10 Endeksi (X10XB) ve endeks vadeli işlem sözleşmelerinin 20 Aralık 2019 – 30 Eylül 2022 dönemine ilişkin günlük kapanış fiyatları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, COVID 19 pandemisinin spot pay senedi endeksleri üzerindeki asimetrik volatilite etkisinin GARCH tipi modellerle incelenmesi ve analiz sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Uygulama aşamasında elde edilen bulgular, COVID 19 pandemisinin (olumsuz şokların) spot pay senedi endeksleri üzerinde asimetrik volatilite etkisinin olmadığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte geçmiş dönem şoklarının spot pay senedi endekslerinin volatilitesi üzerinde kalıcılığa neden olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Bir “Âdet-İ Kadime” ve Sadakat Sağlama Yöntemi: 19. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti'nde Aşiret Reisleri̇ne Verilen Hi̇latler Ve Hediyeleşme
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Erdal
Published: December 2022

Hilat ve hediyeleşme Osmanlı merkezi bürokrasisinde kurumsallaşmış bir teşrifat geleneğinin önemli bir parçasıdır. Osmanlı tarihçileri bu geleneği yüksek dereceli memurlar ve Sultan arasında veya yabancı devlet liderleri ile elçileri üzerinden tartışmışlardır. Bu çalışma ise Osmanlı arşiv vesikalarından yararlanılarak Osmanlı taşra teşkilatında aşiret beylerine verilmiş olan hilat ve hediyelere yoğunlaşmaktadır. 19. yüzyıla ait bu vesikalara göre aşiretlere verilen hilat ve hediyeler bir sadakat sağlama yönteminin parçasıdır ve “âdat-ı kadime”dir. Öyle ki bu gelenek Tanzimat döneminde ilga edilmeye çalışılmış fakat imparatorluğun sona erdiği tarihe kadar devamlılık göstermiştir. Aşiret beylerine giydirilen hilat geleneği ve hediyeleşmenin aynı zamanda da modern antropologların da vurguladıkları üzere Ortadoğu coğrafyasındaki aşiretlerin birer sosyal ve politik örgütlenme biçimleri olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışmada öncelikle 19. yüzyılda aşiret beylerine hilat giydirmenin sebepleri tartışılmaktadır. Sonrasında ise Tanzimat döneminde bu “âdat-ı kadimenin” ortadan kaldırılamamasının sebeplerine değinilmektedir.
The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity
Authors: ILİADOU-TACHOU Sofia
Published: December 2022

The present study is part of the framework delimited by the scientific discipline of “History of Education”. The aim of this paper is to describe and interpret the institutional context of the “secret schools” of the “Rum Millet” under Ottoman rule and to identify the origins of the legend of these schools being illegal and secret, as it is obvious that, although the construction and the diffusion of the legend of the “secret school” started in the beginning of the 19th century, the academic dialogue continues to be active in the present day. The paper deals with the following topics: the institutional context of the schools of the “Rum Millet” under Ottoman rule; the effects of the circumstances, created during the different periods of the Ottoman rule, on the schools’ institutional framework and their operation; typological classification of the schools of the Rum millet; the view of “secret schools” among the newly emerged Greek elite after the founding of the Greek state.
Türkiye'de Toplumsal Belleğin Oluşumu: Çanakkale ve KutülAmare Zaferleri Anma Törenleri
Authors: ÖZCAN Gencer
Published: December 2022

Türkiye’de Osmanlı döneminde kazanılmış ancak sürekli olarak kutlanmakta olan tek askeri başarı 1915 Çanakkale Zaferidir. Müttefik donanmasının Çanakkale Boğazını geçmek için başlattığı ilk girişimin durdurulduğu gün olan 18 Mart Türkiye’de Şehitler Günü olarak belirlenmiştir. Osmanlı başarısı olmasına karşın cumhuriyet dönemi resmi tarihyazımı Çanakkale Savaşlarını Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın esin kaynağı olarak görmektedir. Ayrıca, ulusal günler takviminde yer alan pek çok yıldönümüne ilginin en azından kamuoyu katında zamanla azalmış olmasına karşın, toplumsal bellekte Çanakkale Savaşına yönelik ilginin azalmaksızın sürdüğü görülmektedir. Bu süreklililiğin önemli bir ölçüde Çanakkale Savaşlarının yol açtığı büyük kıyım ile ilişkili olduğu açıktır. Bununla birlikte, sözkonusu ilginin arkasında yatan bir başka olgu da Çanakkale Savaşlarının farklı siyasal kesimlerin gereksinimlerine uygun olanaklar sağlamakta olmasıdır. Çanakale Zaferi bazı siyaset insanları için Osmanlı Devleti’nin Batılı güçlere karşı kazandığı son büyük askeri başarı iken, bazıları için kısa bir süre sonra başlayan Kurtuluş Savaşını başarıyla yönetecek ulusal kahraman Mustafa Kemal’in tarih sahnesine çıktığı savaştır. Unutulmayan Çanakkale Savaşı ile karşılaştırıldığında, Irak’ta ilerlemekte olan İngiliz Ordusuna karşı 1916’da kazanılan bir başka Osmanlı zaferi olan El Kut’un neredeyse kazanılmasından hemen ardından unutulmuş olması tam bir tezat oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, Çanakkale ve El Kut savaşlarının gelişimine kısaca değindikten sonra bu savaşları kuşatan kutlama etkinlikleri ve anlatıların geçirdiği değişimi, çeşitli siyasal kesimler tarafından nasıl araçsallaştırıldığını, ve El Kut örneğinin gösterdiği gibi, nasıl gündemden düştüğünü ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma geçmiş zaferlere ilişkin anlatılar ve anma etkinliklerinin iktidarda bulunan partiler ya da etkili sosyo-politik hareketlerin durmaksızın değişim gösteren önceliklerini yansıttığını ileri sürmektedir.
Perfil socioeconômico das comunidades de pescadores do Canal do Serinhaém
Authors: Cunha Rogério Santos da , Spach Henry Louis , Correia Alberto Teodorico
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo visou levantar informações dos aspectos sociais, econômicos e organizacionais da pesca artesanal nas comunidades do Canal do Serinhaém, na Baía de Camamu, no estado da Bahia. Foram realizadas 103 entrevistas com pescadores, por meio de questionários semiestruturados, os quais foram aplicados contemplando moradores das comunidades do Rio do Campo, Jaqueiral, Ilha da Barreta, Ilha do Timbuca e Ilha da Pescaria. A coleta de mariscos é predominante entre indivíduos do sexo feminino, e a pesca estuarina e de manguezal, entre indivíduos do sexo masculino, com faixa etária de 46 a 55 anos, sendo que a maioria apresentava nível de escolaridade até a 4ª série. A renda total familiar mensal mencionada teve maior frequência entre um a dois salários mínimos (55,7%). Embora com variações nas comunidades, as três espécies capturadas predominantes foram o siri (Callinectes spp) (94,1%), a tainha (Mugil sp) (19,3%) e o camarão (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) (14,8%). Entre os tipos de embarcação utilizados, as canoas foram as que mais se destacaram (86,3%), especialmente as munidas de motor de rabeta (54,5%). Já entre os apetrechos de pesca, o manzuá (81,8%), as redes de emalhe ou malhadeira (79,5%) e a linha de pesca com a própria mão (68,2%) foram os mais citados. Pelas informações obtidas, percebe-se que a atividade da pesca artesanal é a principal fonte de geração de renda nessas comunidades, determinando particularidades da cultura do pescador, seus costumes, tradições, hábitos alimentares e o sentimento de pertencimento ao local.
Gestão ambiental e sustentabilidade em áreas costeiras e marinhas
Authors: Souto Raquel Dezidério
Published: December 2022

Resenha - O livro Gestão ambiental e sustentabilidade em áreas costeiras e marinhas: conceitos e práticas é uma iniciativa do Instituto Virtual para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Ivides.org), com o intuito de disseminar conhecimento científico gerado por uma série de pesquisadores que têm se dedicado aos estudos da zona costeira, bioma tão estratégico e importante para o país, e de outras áreas de igual relevância que fazem interface com ele. O livro foi concebido e organizado por Raquel D. Souto, em face da carência de bibliografia sobre a temática, especificamente para a zona costeira, e comporta visões diferenciadas sobre a problemática em questão.
A evolução da taxa de letalidade e casos confirmados de covid-19 entre municípios do Maciço de Baturité, no Ceará no período de 15/04/2020 a 17/09/2020
Authors: Ramos Erivando de Sena , Felix John Hebert da Silva , Frota Francisco Horácio da Silva , Frota Maria Helena de Paula
Published: December 2022

Nesta edição da Bahia Análise & Dados trazemos um Especial com um estudo de caso sobre a evolução da taxa de letalidade por covid-19 no Maciço de Batrité, no Ceará. Trata-se do resumo de uma dissertação, defendida e gentilmente cedida pelo pesquisador Erivando de Sena Ramos. O presente trabalho científico, cujo conteúdo apresenta correlação com o tema da revista, objetiva conhecer, identificar e analisar padrões comportamentais da evolução de taxa de letalidade por coronavírus (covid-19) e casos confirmados entre municípios da localidade citada. Trata-se de um estudo populacional, ecológico-descritivo, transversal e de série temporal. No período selecionado para a investigação, constatou- -se que Baturité é o município mais densamente povoado, com menos casos confirmados; entretanto, com uma maior taxa de letalidade por coronavírus (5,24%) constatada no dia 17 de setembro de 2020. Por outro lado, o Acarape é menos densamente povoado, com mais casos confirmados; contudo, tem a menor taxa de letalidade por coronavírus (0,83%). Importa ressaltar que é o único município sem sinal de estabilização de casos confirmados até a data referenciada. O conhecimento, a identificação e a análise de padrões da evolução de taxa de letalidade por coronavírus e casos confirmados são decisivos para determinar o ajustamento das estratégias de mitigação e permitir o planejamento das necessidades de cuidados de saúde conforme a desenvoltura da epidemia.
Uma arquitetura para integração de sistemas com fontes heterogêneas e big data
Authors: Lima Nelci Gomes , Oliveira Luciano Rebouças
Published: December 2022

A obtenção de integração e uniformidade de dados provenientes de fontes heterogêneas é uma tarefa complexa que requer um planejamento estruturado para a recepção e tratamento de dados, sobretudo quando há grande volume de dados produzidos diariamente. Atualmente, existem alguns sistemas propostos em ambiente acadêmico para tal tarefa, sendo comum encontrá- -los na indústria, porém sem apresentação de suas características, como seria de se esperar. Neste trabalho, propõe-se a concepção de uma arquitetura com solução para integração de dados oriundos de fontes heterogêneas. Para tanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo validar uma aplicação na qual dados extraídos de diversas tecnologias são direcionados a um ponto central de armazenamento e processamento de informações de forma homogênea, o que permite, em última instância, a apresentação dos dados de maneira padronizada. A ferramenta aqui proposta realiza, em tempo real, as principais etapas do processo de normalização de dados ao disponibilizar uma solução que promove integração de dados com o intuito de obter um gerenciamento operacional de ativos e pessoas. Tal sistema está centrado em georreferenciamento de dados. Palavras-chave: Ciência de Dados. Eficiência. Integração. Fontes Heterogêneas. Arquitetura de Dados
Guerra civil?: o que uma análise sobre 40 anos de dados de saúde brasileiros revela
Authors: Bartoni André Renê
Published: December 2022

Deixar de pensar por nós mesmos e não ver a condição humana nos outros pode ser o primeiro passo que nos leva a uma perigosa apatia que aceita a violência como algo natural, corriqueiro e, até mesmo, justificável. Isso pode esconder uma guerra civil que traz imensos prejuízos à nação. A partir dessa hipótese, utilizando-se das técnicas de mosaico síntese, analisou-se os dados de Agressão – internação (1998-2019) e óbitos (1979-2018), do Brasil, para investigar a suspeita dessa guerra civil não oficializada e, a partir dessa hipótese, confrontando-os com os dados de outros 68 países (80,63% da população mundial) e, então, encontrou-se parâmetros para estimar a sua dimensão. Como resultado, identificou-se 1.308.891 vítimas masculinas (94,17%)/81.071 femininas (5,83%). A investigação também mostrou que é possível acabar com uma situação onde, somente em 2015, os Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos, chegaram a 2.038.888,00 (homens) e 161.604,50 (mulheres), mas isso é uma mera fração dos 72.339.707,87 Anos Potenciais de Vida Ganhos (APVG), que teríamos, caso conseguíssemos eliminar as mortes por Agressão nos homens. Essa nova medida estatística é obtida a partir do uso das Tábuas de Vida de Múltiplo Decremento e revelou para as mulheres a soma de 7.115.848,59 APVG. Diante desses números, esse trabalho se transforma em um alerta para a necessidade de uma mudança urgente de comportamento e desenvolvimento de uma inteligência emocional na população, para lidar com questões de conflito, na qual as mulheres, provavelmente, detêm a solução. Ter empatia e se importar com o outro é o caminho que apontamos para mudar um quadro de violência que deu ao País um prejuízo, em vidas humanas, de quase US$ 21 trilhões. Palavras-chave: Big Data. Violência. Endemia.
Saúde na era do big data: política e planejamento
Authors: Fraga Joana Azevêdo , Amorim Inara Rosa de , Cavalcanti Cavalcanti
Published: December 2022

O alinhamento entre políticas públicas de saúde e tecnologia contribui para aumentar o fornecimento e a qualidade dos serviços de saúde prestados. As inovações tecnológicas possibilitam o acesso às informações de forma ampla e concatenada com as reais necessidades de saúde da sociedade. Considerando o perfil epidemiológico do Brasil e as limitações do serviço público de saúde, este artigo parte do objetivo de explorar algumas aplicações no uso de Big Data pelos sistemas de saúde globais e, de modo comparativo, analisar a experiência brasileira. Com uso da metodologia exploratória foi feito o levantamento de informações por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Verificou-se que o uso de novas abordagens tecnológicas contribui para a redução de custos e a melhoria de cobertura e qualidade na prestação de serviços de saúde, podendo propiciar o aumento da eficiência dos recursos empregados e reduzir as ineficiências de gestão. Contudo, o SUS apresenta desafios estruturais que impedem o avanço do uso de novas tecnologias e há uma desarticulação entre o desenvolvimento tecnológico e produtivo da saúde, que impede a eficiência no setor saúde e, consequentemente, a geração de externalidades positivas para as outras áreas sociais. Palavras-chave: Big Data. Setor Saúde. Políticas Públicas. Inovação. Tecnologia.
Desafios para a década de 2021- 2030: uma nova estratégia de desenvolvimento para Salvador
Authors: Pessoti Gustavo Casseb , Santos Alex Gama Queiroz dos , Santana Jadson , Freitas Urandi Roberto Paiva
Published: December 2022

Nos últimos anos, Salvador experimentou mudanças significativas em áreas primordiais como saúde, educação, infraestrutura urbana e no amparo social. Essas transformações foram resultado, sobretudo, da ampliação na oferta e melhora na qualidade dos serviços públicos prestados à sua população. Não obstante tais mudanças tenham impactado positivamente no cotidiano da capital, Salvador ainda precisa romper com alguns entraves, notadamente na dimensão econômica e que refletem diretamente no crescimento da sua atividade produtiva. Como agravante, o encerramento de um continuum virtuoso propiciado pela última gestão municipal coincidiu com a pandemia da covid-19, que impôs inúmeras adversidades na forma de reprodução socioeconômica, requerendo do poder público ações que pudessem mitigar os impactos causados pela pandemia. É nesse contexto que devem emergir novas propostas de estratégias para desenvolvimento socioeconômico de Salvador. Este texto tem essa finalidade precípua: apresentar propostas que possibilitem ensejar um novo ciclo de crescimento econômico sustentado para Salvador durante a década de 2021 a 2030. O trabalho tem dois objetivos que estão encadeados e relacionados com os desdobramentos dos capítulos que o compõe, a saber: i) apresentar uma breve discussão sobre o esgotamento da atual matriz produtiva do município e apontar os desafios a serem enfrentados pela gestão municipal a fim de viabilizar o crescimento econômico de Salvador durante a próxima década; e ii) apresentar vetores propositivos para esse crescimento a partir da inserção de elementos que dinamizem e possibilitem a reorganização de fatores produtivos presentes na economia soteropolitana. As considerações finais encerram o trabalho. A premissa aqui defendida é de que uma economia mais robusta e integrada, com vetores que potencializem vantagens competitivas locais, pode ao mesmo tempo gerar um ciclo mais sustentado de crescimento e uma rápida retomada no nível da atividade pós-pandemia da covid-19. Palavras-chave: Salvador. Estratégias. Desenvolvimento. Vetores econômicos.
Análise das exportações e importações baianas no biênio 2019-2020
Authors: Silva Gesner Brehmer de Araújo
Published: December 2022

Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar o processo da implementação da Estratégia de Resiliência de Salvador (BA). Para isto, realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo do documento Salvador Resiliente, vinculando cada ação com as categorias: i) temporalidade; ii) pilar e objetivo estratégico; iii) área de conhecimento; iv) responsável pela implementação; v) público-alvo; vi) indicadores/métricas. Em seguida, efetuou-se coleta de dados primários, referentes à implantação das ações, junto à Secretaria Municipal de Sustentabilidade, Inovação e Resiliência (Secis), da Prefeitura Municipal de Salvador (PMS). Concluiu-se que a implementação evidencia oportunidades para integrar pessoas e desenvolver a economia local, indo além de cuidados com riscos urbanos no ambiente físico. Observou-se que os pilares Transformação urbana sustentável, Economia diversificada e inclusiva e Comunidade saudável e engajada apresentam maior grau de implementação. Já os pilares Cultura e múltiplas identidades e Cidade informada e governança inovadora encontram-se com um menor grau de implementação. Sugere-se que sejam implantados: monitoramento da atuação dos responsáveis pela implementação das ações e instalação de um grupo gestor multissetorial, para mais comunicação e engajamento entre as partes interessadas; compartilhamento da estratégia com outras instâncias de poder, para obtenção plena de resultados a partir de uma melhor governança, notadamente em áreas que têm o limite de atuação municipal reduzido; estruturação de um sistema de medição e monitoramento mediante a identificação de indicadores/métricas necessários para acompanhar os resultados da estratégia.
Manajemen Kanker Kolorektal
Authors: Agi Satria Putranto
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer was infrequently diagnosed few decades ago, but the number of cases increased dramatically until it becomes the third most prevalent malignancy after breast and lung cancer. Population aging and on top of unhealthy lifestyle were major contributor to the significant rise of the disease. Management of colorectal cancer has markedly evolved, allowing improvement in terms of survival and advance in quality of life. Nevertheless, the rate of survival could be boosted by raising public awareness over colorectal cancer, education program that may lead to better health behaviour, as well as health system policy that support disesase screening, considering the characteristic of the disease that is often asymptomatic, particularly in the early development.
Analysis of the Main Drivers of GHG Emissions in Visegrad Countries: Kaya Identity Approach
Authors: Streimikiene Dalia
Published: December 2022

There are two main ways to reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions: energy efficiency improvement and in- crease usage of renewable energy sources. Taking these two main ways into account, it is possible to analyze the main drivers of GHG emissions in the country and to make forecast of future GHG emissions based on historical trends. The Visegrad group (V4) countries, including Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and Czech Republic were selected to provide comparative assessment of their GHG emission drivers and to evaluate effects of climate change mitigation policies in energy sector on GHG emission trends. The Kaya identity approach was applied allowing to perform simple multiplication. Kaya identity equation substitutes the factors with well- established and measurable quantities, which leave little space for ambiguity. The multiplying population size by GDP per capita, energy intensity, and carbon intensity of energy allows to get total GHG emissions in the country and define its energy efficiency or use of renewables are the main drivers of GHG emissions, including the effect of economic growth expressed by GDP per capita.
Pursuing the Phillips Curve in an African Monarchy: A Swazi Case Study
Authors: Phiri Andrew
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine whether we can identify a Phillips curve fit for the Kingdom of Eswatini as a low middle income Sub-Saharan Africa monarchy using data collected between 1991 and 2016. In our approach we rely on the recently introduced nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (N-ARDL) model to a variety of Phillips curve specifications. For robustness sake, we further employ three filters (one-sided HP, two-sided HP, and Corbae-Oularis filters) to extract the gap variables necessary for empirical analysis. Our findings point to a linear, short-run traditional Phillips curve whereas we find strong support for concave shaped unemployment-gap and output–gap based Phillips curve specifications. Given the specific form of concavity discovered in the Phillips curves, the low inflation rate experienced over the last couple of decades can be attributed to a worsening labour and goods markets. Moreover, our evidence further cautions Swazi policymakers of ‘overheating’ of the economy during economic booms in which stabilization tools are required to implemented in such instances.
Covariational Reasoning and Operative Thought: Two Ways Students Understand Graphs
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Yi Gyuhee
Published: December 2022

In this study, two surveys were conducted (first: 108 people, second: 94 people) for middle school students in order to investigate the ways of thinking in understanding graphs, and the results are as follows. First, many middle school students tend not to coordinate the coordinate system in the process of solving the task of interpreting and constructing direct and inverse proportion graphs. Second, middle school students showed the characteristic of drawing straight lines using points rather than a slope in the process of solving the task of interpreting and constructing a direct proportional graph. Third, some middle school students verbally express the inverse proportional relationship between two variables and translate it into a straight line. Fourth, many middle school students showed a pattern of figurative thought rather than operative thought in the process of understanding the direct proportion graph. The analysis results of this study suggest that it is necessary to expand learning opportunities for the development of covariational reasoning and operative thought in the middle school teaching and learning process.