bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Evolutionary Optimized Metasurface for Broad-angle Multisource Invisibility Cloaking
Authors: Chen Hongsheng , Huang Min , Zheng Bin , Li Ruichen , Shen Lian , Li Xiaofeng , Lu Huan , Zhu Rongrong , Cai Tong
Published: November 2023

As a new and advanced form of cloaking technology, metasurface cloaks have significant potential for widespread use in various fields owing to their excellent ultrathin and low-loss characteristics. Because of the principle of phase compensation based on incident direction, a metasurface cloak can operate only at a single specific angle (range). To be useful in real application scenarios, a cloak must be able to simultaneously handle multiple wide-angle detection waves. Various attempts have been made; however, currently, cloaks only work for a single detection source or are effective against incoming waves from a small incidence range. The design of a universal metasurface cloak that can flexibly respond to any number of sources at arbitrary incident angles remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present a global-evolution-optimization strategy for multisource and broad-angle meta-cloaks, which is based on a tunable metasurface to manipulate incoming waves at any angle over a wide range and is driven by an evolutionary game algorithm to satisfy the requirements for the cloaking of multiple simultaneous broad-angle incident sources. In experiments and simulations, the meta-cloak exhibited an impressive ability to render target objects invisible to both single and multiple incident waves at arbitrary angles, highly resembling background fields. This feasible cloaking strategy, which can be extended to any number of incident sources, provides an example of multisource wideband broad-angle scenario cloaking application.
Sustainable concrete production: Optimizing recycled aggregates with advanced treatments and marble dust as filler
Authors: Chadha Vidushi , Rashid Sarmad , Singh Manpreet , Roy A. B Danie
Published: November 2023

This study explores the potential of treated recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) to enhance the properties of concrete, addressing the demand for sustainable construction materials. Two distinct treatments, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Sodium Silicate + Fly Ash (SS + FA), are applied to the recycled aggregates. Natural aggregates are partially replaced by treated coarse aggregates at a 50% substitution rate, and concrete is produced using the sand envelope mixing method with varying levels of sand replacement. Additionally, the study assesses the impact of incorporating marble dust as a sand replacement in conjunction with the treated RCA. Extensive tests examine the mechanical, durability, and non-destructive properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) and conventional concrete. The findings reveal that RAC matches or even surpasses control concrete in terms of strength particularly showing improvements in PVA-treated aggregates with an impressive increase of 20.06% for PT 30. Uniformity is observed in ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) values and water sorptivity between RAC and control concrete. RAC exhibits higher water absorption and rebound hammer strength than control concrete. While all RAC specimens show increased permeability in the Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT), SFT 30 shows the highest enhancement of 44.84%, while PT 10 exhibits reduced permeability compared to control concrete. Thus, it can be concluded that treated recycled coarse aggregates have significant potential to enhance concrete performance and offer sustainable alternatives to traditional construction materials.
The impact of oral hygiene and oral function on the development and recurrence of aspiration pneumonia in elderly inpatients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Honbo Atsushi , Kato Koroku , Hase Takashi , Ishimiya Mai , Kobayashi Yutaka , Kawashiri Shuichi
Published: November 2023

Background
We examined the impact of oral hygiene and oral function on the development and recurrence of aspiration pneumonia (AP) in elderly inpatients.
Methods
The study enrolled 991 individuals who were eligible for swallowing function assessments at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Noto General Hospital from March 2009 to March 2015. Participants were divided into a group diagnosed with AP (AP group) and non-AP (NP) group, and a comparative analysis of oral hygiene factors and oral functional factors was conducted between the two groups. The AP group was then further snbdivided into a recurrent AP (rAP) group, consisting of those who had experienced repeated pneumonia episodes, and a non-recurrent AP (nrAP) group, consisting of those who had not experienced recurrent pneumonia episodes, and the above factors were compared between them.
Results
In the comparative analysis between the AP group and NP group using simple regression, significant differences in oral hygiene factors s—namely, membranous substances, xerostomia, tongue fur, mucositis, and food residue—were observed. With respect to oral functional factors, only occlusion was significantly different between the groups (p < 0.0001). The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that membranous substances (p < 0.001), fur (p = 0.0351), food residue (p < 0.001), and occlusion (p < 0.001) were factors that influenced the development of AP. In comparative analysis between the rAP group and nrAP group using simple regression, the significantly different oral hygiene factors were xerostomia (p = 0.03), mucositis (p = 0.019), and food residue (p = 0.02), and the significantly different oral functional factors were food bolus forming grade (FBFG) (p < 0.0001) and food intake level scale (FILS) (p < 0.0001). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis extracted mucositis (p = 0.0244), FBFG (p = 0.0213), and FILS (p = 0.011) as factors influencing the recurrence of AP.
Conclusion
These results suggested that, in elderly inpatients, oral hygiene plays a role in the development of AP and oral function may have an influence on its recurrence.
Assessment of urban water quality and hydraulic performance of the distribution pipe network system
Authors: Alemu Kenenisa , Abate Brook , Niguse Derara
Published: November 2023

Safe and plenty water pressure provision is a great challenge to developing countries due to population increment and improper design pipe network systems. The study focused on the evaluation of water quality and hydraulic performance distribution systems using laboratory, field tests, and water-GEMS in a Fitche town. The 32-water sample and 7- junction pressure measurements were taken systematically for physio-chemo-biological index and model calibration analysis. The physio-chemical indices: pH, Temperature, Total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, TDS, conductivity, Nitrate, Nitrite, fluoride, and the iron test result was met WHO and the country's water drinking standard. Laboratory biological indices test results total coliform and fecal coliform didn’t satisfy the standards. Water-GEMS model calibration analysis was \({\text{R}}^{2}\) = 0.96, indicating that 65%, 55%, and 35%, 45% pressure were matched and not pipe hydraulic design principles for peak and low flow. 50% velocity model analysis fit and not to design standard, ranging from zero to five meters per second. Pathogen contamination of pipe water occurred at the low flow rate, high pressure, and velocity of a system. In cases, it is critical to chlorinate and redesign the water supply system for rising community health and adequate water service.
Dopaminergic Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area to the Parabrachial Nucleus Promote the Emergence of Rats from Propofol Anesthesia
Authors: Jia Lei , Yin Jieting , Liu Tielong , Qi Wenqiang , Du Tongyu , Li Quntao , Ma Ketao , Si Junqiang , Yin Jiangwen , Li Yan
Published: November 2023

Since the clinical introduction of general anesthesia, its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) play pivotal roles in the mechanisms underlying general anesthesia. However, whether dopaminergic (DA) projections from the VTA to the PBN play a role in mediating the effects of general anesthesia is unclear. We microinjected 6-hydroxydopamine into the PBN to damage DA neurons and found a prolonged recovery time from propofol anesthesia. We used calcium fiber photometry recording to explore the activity of PBN DA neurons. Then, we used chemogenetic or optogenetic approaches to activate the VTADA-PBN pathway, shorten the propofol anesthesia emergence time, and inhibit this pathway to prolong the emergence time. These data indicate the crucial involvement of PBN DA neurons in regulating propofol anesthesia, while the activation of the VTADA-PBN pathway facilitates the emergence from propofol anesthesia.
Awareness among Healthcare Workers regarding Physical Hazards in Dental and Oral Hospitals of Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetio Diki Bima , Alim Muchammad Rully Sjahirul , Prachaiboon Tiwakron , Suyanto Jipri , Arti Dwi Windu Kinanti , Sahiroh Eli , Putri Nasya Adelia , Pramesti Shinta Dwi Surya , Setyaningsih Yuliani
Published: November 2023

Background:

The hospital is a workplace that holds a potential risk of occupational diseases and work accidents for its workers. Physical factors are one of the factors that need to be properly evaluated to control these hazards.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the factors related to knowledge and awareness of physical hazards in the workplace.

Methods:

In this study, correlation analysis has been conducted using chi-square, and a cross-sectional design has been employed involving a sample of 200 workers from oral and dental hospitals in Semarang. This study has used several samples. The instrument used in this study has been a modification of the Victorian Trades Hall Council and Workplace Safety and Health Risk Management. The independent variables included in this study were individual characteristics, and physical hazards were taken as the dependent variable. A computer program was used for inputting, scoring, and tabulating the data, while the correlation was tested using chi-square.

Results:

The respondents in this study had a good level of knowledge of physical hazards, with 67% of knowledge accounting for the hazard of noise, 50% for the physical hazard of electricity and equipment, 51% for fire hazards, 63.5% for the physical hazard of exposure to lighting, 71.5% for the physical hazard of exposure to heat, 65% for the physical hazard of exposure to radiation, and 41.5% for the physical hazard of vibration. The years of service of the respondents accounted for a p-value of 0.045.

Conclusion:

The level of awareness of safety against physical hazards among workers in the studied hospitals has been found to be at an optimal level.
Impacto das estratégias de adaptação pedagógica, adotadas no contexto da pandemia de CoVid-19, nos estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: De Sousa Lia Raquel , Pombal Fernanda , Simões Clara , Araújo Nuno , Fernandes Filipe , Freitas Maria José , Araújo Isabel
Published: November 2023

A pandemia de Covid-19 impôs alterações ao normal funcionamento do sistema de Ensino Superior Português, sendo necessário implementar estratégias de adaptação pedagógica. Nos cursos da área da saúde, particularmente nos cursos de Licenciatura em Enfermagem, o plano de estudos apresenta expressiva componente de prática clínica, que teve de ser reestruturada. Com este estudo pretendeu-se identificar o impacto das estratégias de adaptação pedagógica, adotadas no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19, nos estudantes de enfermagem, numa escola de saúde privada, do norte de Portugal. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, com recurso a uma amostra não probabilística intencional, composta por 62 estudantes de enfermagem. Os resultados demonstram que as principais alterações curriculares identificadas foram as aulas à distância e o cancelamento/interrupção dos ensinos clínicos. As principais dificuldades sentidas foram a “Dificuldade na atenção e na concentração” e a “Adaptação/gestão da nova rotina”. Quanto às principais estratégias de adaptação utilizadas pelos estudantes destacam-se “a otimização de rotinas diárias” e o “aumento/gestão do estudo autónomo”. As emoções e os sentimentos mais vivenciados foram “a ansiedade”, o “stress” e o “desânimo/desmotivação”.
Discourse readability of Indonesian language textbooks for middle school and high school/vocational schools
Authors: Sudiati Sudiati
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji keterbacaan wacana pada buku teks pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia  terbitan Kemendikbud Ristek bagi Sekolah Penggerak jenjang SMP dan SMA/SMK menggunakan Grafik Fry. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data berupa buku pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas VII dan X terbitan Kemendikbud Ristek bagi Sekolah Penggerak. Data difokuskan pada materi membaca. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui baca dan catat. Instrumen penelitian berupa human instrumen dan Grafik Fry. Teknik analisis data meliputi kondensasi data, penyajian data, pengambilan dan  verifikasi kesimpulan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterbacaan wacana buku teks pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi Sekolah Penggerak jenjang SMP kelas VII dan jenjang SMA/SMK kelas X belum  sesuai. Berdasar hasil perhitungan menggunakan Grafik Fry,  keterbacaan buku Bahasa Indonesia bagi Sekolah Penggerak kelas VII berada pada level 5 sedangkan  kelas X pada level 6. Tingkat keterbacaan merupakan suatu perkiraan sehingga kemungkinan terjadi penyimpangan ke atas atau ke bawah. Oleh karenanya, level keterbacaan yang diperoleh hendaknya ditambah satu level dan dikurangi satu level.  Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan jika hasil uji keterbacaan wacana  pada Grafik Fry berada di level 5 berarti wacana tersebut cocok untuk kelas IV, V, VI dan jika hasil uji keterbacaan wacana berada pada level 6 berarti wacana tersebut cocok untuk kelas V, VI, VII.
Watching Doraemon: Dismantling hegemony in a Japanese popular series
Authors: Setyaningsih Wahyu Handayani , Wahidati Lufi
Published: November 2023

This article examines hegemony spread through Japanese popular series, Doraemon. In 2008, the character Doraemon was made the Anime Ambassador and was sent around the world to campaign for Japanese popular culture. This appointment is part of the Japanese government's public diplomacy strategy. Doraemon is then synonymous with the perfect character figure, which has become one of the symbols of the progress of the Japanese state. Hegemony theory is used to dissect how ideology works through characters that have become state icons and are widely accepted with a very positive image. The results of the analysis show that patriarchal hegemony works through the depiction of scary female characters, male superiority, and the role of the media as a means of ideological dissemination. The Doraemon series preserves the patriarchy wrapped in a beautiful dream story of a future with Japan's advanced technology.
Preparation & Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Sodium Alginate-Starch Based Hydrogel by Gamma Radiation and Its Application for the Treatment of Dye Containing Water
Authors: Shil Depok Chandra , Rahman Nazia , Sultana Shahnaz , Sardar Md. Nabul , Majumder Puja , Robel Fataha Nur
Published: November 2023

Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic networks of polymers with a high water absorption capacity. We investigated the removal of monovalent cationic dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solutions by a polyvinyl alcohol/Sodium alginate/Starch mix hydrogel to discover a solution to the environmental waste-water problem. By applying a gamma radiation dose from a Co-60 source without adding a hazardous cross-linker, a novel PVA/SA/Starch mix hydrogel was synthesized. The effects of factors like irradiation dose and composition ratio on the manufactured hydrogel (PAS hydrogel) characteristics, including gel content and swelling behavior, were carefully examined. At various radiation dosages, the cross-linking density of the PAS (PVA/SA/Starch) hydrogel was investigated. The 30 kGy was selected as the optimal dose based on swelling ratio and gel fraction, and 0.25% starch was chosen as the optimal starch content. By using FTIR, the produced hydrogel was identified. The ability of the hydrogel to remove methylene blue was investigated while taking isotherm and kinetic factors into account. The homogeneously distributed active sites on the surface of this hydrogel have undergone monolayer adsorption, according to fitting using the Langmuir model. This hydrogel offers promising potential for treating waste-water containing methylene blue dye solution.
Risk, Trust, and Emotion in Online Pharmacy Medication Purchases: Multimethod Approach Incorporating Customer Self-Reports, Facial Expressions, and Neural Activation
Authors: Ersöz Semra , Nissen Anika , Schütte Reinhard
Published: November 2023

Background

Online pharmacies are used less than other e-commerce sites in Germany. Shopping behavior does not correspond to consumption behavior, as online purchases are predominantly made for over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

Objective

The objective of this study was to understand the purchasing experiences of online pharmacy customers in terms of critical factors for online pharmacy adoption.

Methods

This study examined the perceived risk, perceived trust, and emotions related to purchasing medications online and, consequently, the purchase intention toward online pharmacies. In a within-subjects design (N=37 participants), 2 German online pharmacies with different perceptions of risk and trust were investigated for their main business, namely OTC and prescription drugs. The results of a preliminary study led to 1 online pharmacy with high and 1 with significantly low self-reported risk by the prestudy sample. Emotions were measured with a multimethod approach during and after the purchase situation as follows: (1) neural evaluation processes using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, (2) the automated direct motor response during the use of the online pharmacy via facial expression analysis (FaceReader), and (3) subjective evaluations through self-reports. Following the shopping experiences at both pharmacies for both product types, risk, trust, and purchase intention toward the pharmacies were assessed using self-assessments.

Results

The 2 online pharmacies were rated differently in terms of risk, trust, emotions, and purchase intention. The high-risk pharmacy was also perceived as having lower trust and vice versa. Significantly stronger negative emotional expressions on customers’ faces and different neural activations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were measured when purchasing prescription drugs from the high-risk pharmacy than from the low-risk pharmacy, combined with OTC medications. In line with this, customers’ self-ratings indicated higher negative emotions for the high-risk pharmacy and lower negative emotions for the low-risk pharmacy. Moreover, the ratings showed lower purchase intention for the high-risk pharmacy.

Conclusions

Using multimethod measurements, we showed that the preceding neural activation and subsequent verbal evaluation of online pharmacies are reflected in the customers’ immediate emotional facial expressions. High-risk online pharmacies and prescription drugs lead to stronger negative emotional facial expressions and trigger neural evaluation processes that imply perceived loss. Low-risk online pharmacies and OTC medications lead to weaker negative emotional facial expressions and trigger neural evaluation processes that signify certainty and perceived reward. The results may provide an explanation for why OTC medications are purchased online more frequently than prescription medications.
Pengendali Wireless Mobile Robot Arm (WMRA) Berdasarkan Gestur Lengan Menggunakan Sensor Accelerometer dan Logika Fuzzy
Authors: Cahyadi Widya , Chaidir Ali Rizal , Al Insani Azmy Akhyar , Anam Khairul , Eska Andrita Ceriana
Published: November 2023

Telerobotik adalah sistem pengendali robot dalam jarak jauh yang membutuhkan campur tangan manusia sebagai operator (Human-in-the-Loop). Pada penelitian sebelumnya, mobile robot manipulator dikendalikan berdasarkan gestur jari operator melalui image processing menggunakan metode template matching dengan komunikasi melalui kabel. Sehingga pada penelitian selanjutnya, dibuat sistem kendali robot berdasarkan gestur lengan menggunakan sensor accelerometer dan logika fuzzy dengan komunikasi nirkabel melalui jaringan internet. Robot yang dikendalikan terdiri dari robot arm 2 dof dan robot non-holonomic dengan 4 roda. Sistem kendali robot terdiri dari 2 sensor accelerometer yang terpasang pada lengan operator. Juga terdapat sensor hall-effect sebagai kendali gerak gripper. Metode fuzzy sugeno diterapkan pada sistem kendali gerak mobile robot agar didapatkan respon robot yang dapat bergerak secara bebas berdasarkan gestur lengan operator. Berdasarkan analisa dan data pengujian didapatkan hasil bahwa robot dapat dikendalikan dengan cukup baik.
Survey on Different Micro Services, Recommendation Model and AI based Chatbot used for Recruitment System
Authors: Pakale Karishma , Parmar Pinal , Kamble Rutuja , Jambhulkar Parag
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Nowadays, it's all about AI-powered chatbots and recommender systems to make user experiences better. The recommender system uses machine learning to give you personalized content suggestions, and the chatbot gives you real-time support. This article looks at a new way to combine these technologies to make user interactions more smooth and engaging. The recommender systems analyze your data and use advanced algorithmsto give you recommendations that match your preferences. This helps you get more engagement and conversions. But what happens when you need help or have questions? That's where the recommendations system and microservices come in.
A Review Paper – II on “Analysis of Watershed Development in Rural Area”
Authors: Deshmukh Prof. A. I.
Published: November 2023

This review paper delves into the watershed development programmes have been define in term environmental impacts, bio- physical impacts, socio-economic impacts and overall economic impacts. Watershed management is the indicate to containing the degeneration of natural resources for maintaining the ecological balance and sustainable economic development. There is effectively done various water conservation works under the Watershed Development Programme. It has positively impact on agricultural development and agricultural land use. Watershed development programme has managed soil and water, large development have came about in agriculture with increasing overall productivity, where, increases agricultural land use. There is effectively done various water conservation works under the Watershed Development Programme. It has positively effect on agricultural development and on agricultural land use. The watershed development improve the ground water resources, and it help to conserve the soil, reduce soil erosion etc.
Complete extension: the non-signaling analog of quantum purification
Authors: Winczewski Marek , Das Tamoghna , Selby John H. , Horodecki Karol , Horodecki Paweł , Pankowski Łukasz , Piani Marco , Ramanathan Ravishankar
Published: November 2023

Deriving quantum mechanics from information-theoretic postulates is a recent research direction taken, in part, with the view of finding a beyond-quantum theory; once the postulates are clear, we can consider modifications to them. A key postulate is the purification postulate, which we propose to replace by a more generally applicable postulate that we call the complete extension postulate (CEP), i.e., the existence of an extension of a physical system from which one can generate any other extension. This new concept leads to a plethora of open questions and research directions in the study of general theories satisfying the CEP (which may include a theory that hyper-decoheres to quantum theory). For example, we show that the CEP implies the impossibility of bit-commitment. This is exemplified by a case study of the theory of non-signalling behaviors which we show satisfies the CEP. We moreover show that in certain cases the complete extension will not be pure, highlighting the key divergence from the purification postulate.
An examination of newspapers' role in English language learning in Pakistan: Issues and recommendations
Authors: Khan Jamila
Published: November 2023

Pakistan is a developing nation characterized by its lower income, turbulent economy, elevated commodity prices, and escalated inflation. The government sector's progression has been disappointingly inadequate due to limited resources and a meager budget allocation for education. In light of these prevailing circumstances, this article endeavors to illuminate the newspaper as an economical and invaluable source of diverse information that can be utilized as authentic material for enhancing the teaching and learning of languages, particularly English. The article underscores the significance and affordability of newspapers in primary and secondary educational institutions, specifically public schools, within the context of Pakistan. A comparative analysis of Pakistan's literacy rate vis-à-vis other countries in the region and the substitution of English newspapers for English readers to ameliorate English language acquisition are deliberated upon. Additionally, the article scrutinizes the budgetary allocation for the educational sector in Pakistan from 2017 to the present year, as well as the price range of English readers from this vantage point. Given the significance of the English language and the challenges associated with its instruction and acquisition, this paper proffers several recommendations for the integration of newspapers into primary and secondary levels at public schools.
Post-pandemic impact: E-learning crack-up and English learning quality
Authors: Ramli Ramli , Risky Risky , Kusmaryani Woro
Published: November 2023

This study delved into the impact of the E-learning crack-up on the learning process during the pandemic to the post-pandemic learning process and the quality of English learning during face-to-face learning. This study applied qualitative research methods. The researchers selected six students from class XI-1 and one teacher at SMAN 1 Nunukan to participate in the interview session. In the data collection process, documents, observations, and interviews as research instruments were implemented. The researchers analyzed research data through three phases: data condensation, presentation, and conclusion verification. From the data analysis, the researchers found that E-learning crack-ups in the learning process during the pandemic affected students' learning processes. This is evidenced by the results of student interviews, which stated that they were still trying to adapt to the learning process in the post-pandemic period. However, based on the observations and document reviews, the researchers also found that the students' adaptation process during the post-pandemic learning period was excellent because it was supported by an exciting learning process and the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka at Nunukan 1 Public High School. Thus, the quality of learning at SMAN 1 Nunukan is outstanding.
Pengaruh Startegi Pebelajaran Kooperatif Model Snowball Throwing Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Siswa Pencernaan Makanan Kelas XI
Authors: Rizki Putri Ananda Srg Rizki Putri Ananda Srg , Wulan Purnama Sari Vinia Wulan Purnama Sari Vinia , Deni Puspita Sari Deni Puspita Sari , City Qurnia Sari Pohan City Qurnia Sari Pohan , Siti Fauziah Siti Fauziah , Dwike Amalia Azzahra Dwike Amalia Azzahra
Published: November 2023

This research begins with the phenomenon revealed in the data on science ability on an international level that Indonesia is ranked 50 out of 57 countries. This is an indication that students' learning abilities are still in the low category and must be improved. In addition, according to data on learning outcomes at SMAS Budisatrya Medan, many are below the KKM. This condition is influenced by learning models that are less varied, student activity has decreased and exploration of information is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of the cooperative learning model with snowball throwing was able to improve student learning outcomes in class XI IPA 1 at SMAS Budisatrya. This research is in the form of a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest group design model. To test the hypothesis, it is done with Independent sample t test and N-Gain test. The result turned out to have a positive effect on the increase in student learning outcomes.
Key words: Cooperative Learning Strategy Snowball Throwing Model, Food Digestion, Science, Learning Outcomes
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini diawali dengan adanya fenomena yang diungkap dalam data kemampuan IPA secara peringkat Internasional bahwa Indonesia berada pada peringkat 50 dari 57 negara. Hal tersebut menjadi indikasi bahwa kemampuan belajar siswa masih dalam kategori rendah dan harus ditingkatkan. Selain itu sesuai dengan data hasil belajar di SMAS Budisatrya Medan banyak dibawah KKM. Kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh model pembelajaran yang kurang bervariatif, keaktifan siswa mengalami penurunan dan eksplorasi informasi yang tidak maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan snowball throwing mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA 1 di SMAS Budisatrya. Penelitian ini berbentuk eksperimen semu dengan model pretest-postest group design. Untuk pengujian hipotesisnya dilakukan dengan Independent sample t test dan uji N-Gain. Hasilnya ternyata berpengaruh positif terhadap kenaikan hasil belajar siswa.
Kata kunci: Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif Model Snowball Throwing, Pencernaan Makanan, IPA, Hasil Belajar
Validitas Media Presentasi Menggunakan Microsoft Sway Bermuatan Pendekatan Kontekstual tentang Materi Ekosistem untuk Peserta Didik SMA
Authors: Ayunda Milga Dara , Yogica Relsas , Ristiono Ristiono , Fuadiyah Sa’diatul
Published: November 2023

Various learning media are needed by students. The purpose of this research is to produce presentation media using Microsoft Sway containing a contextual approach to valid ecosystem materials. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) development research with the development model used, namely the ADDIE development model, consisting of the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate stages. However, this research is limited only to the Develop stage. The data collection of this research is primary data in the form of data obtained directly through the provision of instruments in the form of a validation questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average validation value was 94,21% with very valid criteria that had met the feasibility aspects of content, linguistic aspects, presentation aspects, and graphic aspects. Therefore, it can be concluded that the presentation media using Microsoft Sway containing a contextual approach to ecosystem materials for high school students was declared valid.
abstrak. Media pembelajaran yang variatif sangat dibutuhkan oleh peserta didik. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghasilkan media presentasi menggunakan microsoft sway bermuatan pendekatan kontekstual tentang materi ekosistem yang valid. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian pengembangan Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan yang digunakan yaitu model pengembangan ADDIE, terdiri dari tahapan Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate. Namun penelitian ini dibatasi hanya sampai pada tahap Develop. Pengambilan data penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa data yang didapat secara langsung melalui pemberian instrumen berupa angket validasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan hasil rata-rata nilai validasi sebesar 94,21% dengan kriteria sangat valid yang telah memenuhi aspek kelayakan isi, aspek kebahasaan, aspek penyajian, dan aspek kegrafikaan. Maka dari itu dapat disimpulkan, bahwa media presentasi menggunakan microsoft sway bermuatan pendekatan kontekstual tentang materi ekosistem untuk peserta didik SMA yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid.
Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Melalui PBL pada Materi Sistem Respirasi
Authors: Lestari Desi Sri , Hayat Muhammad Syaipul , Rachmawati Rivanna Citraning , Ansori Moch.
Published: November 2023

The ability to solve problem of students in the 21st century is very important. This study aims to determine the ability to solve problems and cognitive learning outcomes of students with the PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning model. The method used is a qualitative approach to descriptive research. Techniques for collecting data on the results of LKPD answers and learning outcomes tests. The sample of this research was 36 students in class XI MIPA 8 at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. The results of the research on students' problem solving abilities obtained a percentage of 77% in the good category. Meanwhile, cognitive learning outcomes for students are higher, with an average of 90 compared to KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria), which is 80.
Key words: Solving problems, PBL, Cognitive learning outcomes
 
AbstrakKemampuan memecahkan masalah pada peserta didik di abad 21 ini sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan memecahkan masalah dan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik dengan model pembelajaran PBL (Problem Based Learning). Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data hasil jawaban LKPD dan tes hasil belajar. Sampel penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 8 di SMA Negeri 2 Semarang berjumlah 36 orang. Hasil penelitian kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada peserta didik didapatkan persentase 77% dengan kategori baik. Sedangkan, hasil belajar kognitif pada peserta didik lebih tinggi yaitu dengan rerata 90 dibandingkan dengan KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) yaitu 80.
Kata kunci: Memecahkan masalah, PBL, Hasil belajar kognitif.
Clusteroluminescence in Phenothiazine Derivatives and Metal-Organic Frameworks: Mechanism Investigation and Application in Hypochlorite Detection
Authors: Wu Tingting , Lei Mingyuan , Ge Fayuan , Zheng Hegen
Published: November 2023

Recent years, the clusteroluminescence derived from through-space
conjugation (TSC) is found in aromatic clusters. Diverging from the
intensity enhancement or emission shift observed in aggregation-induced
emission (AIE), clusteroluminescence imparts traditional aromatic
compounds with new luminescence emission upon aggregation, opening a new
chapter in the aggregate science. In this study, two phenothiazine
derivatives with clusteroluminescence are synthesized, and their
underlying mechanisms responsible for the emergence of new emission in
aggregated state are explored through experimental and computational
approaches. Additionally, a luminescent metal-organic framework (LMOF),
Cd-MOF (Cd-PTZ-db) is fabricated from one phenothiazine derivative
inheriting its clusteroluminescence prosperity, which exhibits great
potential for the detection of hypochlorite (ClO-). Combining the
clusteroluminescence with the traditional luminogens, this research
provides insights into the role of through-space conjugation and
intramolecular motion in clusteroluminescence. Furthermore, uniting the
unique clusteroluminescent properties with the stable framework of MOFs
helps to lay the ground for practical applications.
Assessment of HBV Infection and Inter-host Cellular Responses using Intrahepatic Cholangiocyte Organoids
Authors: Lim Chuan Kok , Romeo Ornella , Tran Bang Manh , Flanagan Dustin , N Emily Kirby , McCartney Erin , Tse Edmund , Vincan Elizabeth , Beard Michael
Published: November 2023

Background & Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs)
model was evaluated for host differences in HBV infection, cellular
responses, antiviral and immunomodulator responses. Methods: 12
ICOs generated from liver resections and biopsies were assessed for
metabolic markers and functional HBV entry receptor expression
throughout differentiation. Structural changes relevant to HBV infection
were characterised using histology, confocal and electron microscopy
examinations. Optimal ICO culture conditions for HBV infection using
HepAD38 (genotype D) and plasma derived HBV (genotype B & C) were
described. HBV infection was confirmed using HBcAg immunostaining,
qRT-PCR (RNA, cccDNA, extracellular DNA) and ELISA (HBsAg and HBeAg).
Drug response to antiviral and immunosuppressive agent, and cellular
responses (interferon-stimulated genes (ISG)) to interferon-α and viral
mimic (PolyI:C) were assessed. Results: ICOs underwent
metabolic and structural remodeling following differentiation. Optimal
HBV infection was achieved in well-differentiated ICOs using
spinoculation, with time and donor dependent increase in HBV RNA,
cccDNA, extracellular DNA, HBeAg and HBsAg. Donor dependent
drug-responsiveness to entry inhibitor and JAK inhibitor was observed.
Despite having a robust ISG response to interferon-α and PolyI:C, HBV
infection in ICOs did not upregulate ISGs. Conclusions: Human
ICOs support HBV infection and replication with donor dependent
variation in viral dynamics and cellular responses. These features can
be utilised for development of personalised drug testing platform for
antivirals.
Postnatal contraception use among physician mothers in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Richards Eleanor , Thwaites Annette , Hall Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Objective: To investigate postnatal contraception use amongst physician
women, who would be expected to be health-literate and therefore a
possible “best case” scenario of postnatal contraception behaviours.
Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data Setting:
United Kingdom Population or Sample: Registered physicians in the United
Kingdom less than two years postpartum, aged 30-55 years old, who
reported spontaneous conception. Methods: Secondary analysis of online,
anonymous, survey data collected April - June 2021. Chi-squared or
Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare efficacy of postnatal
contraception by socio-demographics and experience of contraception
counselling. A Sankey plot presents timing of initiation and type of
postnatal contraception used. Main Outcome Measures: Postnatal
contraception use; time postpartum at which contraception initiated;
contraception efficacy. Results: Among the 146 women who had had sex
postpartum, only 11.6% used a very effective method (LARC/
sterilisation) as first contraception, and 16.4% had had sex without
appropriate postnatal contraception. Postnatal contraception-efficacy
was associated with timing of initiation (p<0.001); 92.3% of
women initiating contraception up to 3 weeks postpartum used effective
or very effective methods. Contraception counselling at the place of
birth was associated with initiation of effective or very effective
postnatal contraception (p=0.041). Conclusions: Uptake of effective or
very effective postnatal contraception in the first 6 months postpartum
was low, despite a highly health-literate population. However, the
significantly high proportion of women choosing these options less than
3 weeks postpartum indicates their acceptability where services are
available.
Forecasting Tropical Annual Maximum Wet-Bulb Temperatures Months in Advance from the Current State of El Niño
Authors: Zhang Yi , Boos William R. , Held Isaac M. , Paciorek Christopher J , Fueglistaler Stephan
Published: November 2023

Humid heatwaves, characterized by high temperature and humidity
combinations, challenge tropical societies. Extreme wet-bulb
temperatures (TW) over tropical land are coupled to the warmest sea
surface temperatures (SST) by atmospheric convection and wave dynamics.
Here, we harness this coupling for seasonal forecasts of the annual
maximum of daily maximum TW (TWmax). We develop a multiple linear
regression model that explains 80% of variance in tropical mean TWmax
and significant regional TWmax variances. The model considers warming
trends and El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. Looking
ahead, a moderate-to-strong El Niño with an Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) of
1.5 by the end of 2023 suggests a 42% (11%, 78%) probability of
breaking the tropical mean TWmax record in 2024. For an El Niño similar
to 2015/2016 (ONI of 2.64), the probability escalates to 90% (50%,
99.5%). This approach also holds promise for regional TWmax
predictions.
Lisansüstü Eğitimde Danışman-Öğrenci İlişkileri Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Arısoy Erdener , Özer Niyazi , Şad Süleyman Nihat
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, lisansüstü öğrenim gören öğrencilerin danışmanları ile olan ilişkilerinin niteliğini belirlemek amacıyla farklı bir dilde geliştirilen Lisansüstü Eğitimde Danışman-Öğrenci İlişkileri Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve ölçeğin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında İnönü Üniversitesinde farklı lisansüstü programlara kayıtlı 475 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun yapı geçerliliğinin sınanması amacıyla açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. Yapılan AFA sonucunda 16 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin Türkçe formunun toplam varyansın %70.83’ünü açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun orijinal ölçeğin üç faktörlü yapısından farklı olarak rapport ve usta-çırak ilişkisi şeklinde iki faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Rapport boyutunda yer alan sekiz maddenin faktör yükleri “.641” ile “. 855”, usta-çırak ilişkisi boyutunda yer alan sekiz maddenin faktör yükleri ise “.793” ile “.861” arasındadır. DFA sonucunda ise iki faktörlü yapıya ilişkin model-veri uyumunun iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir [x2=283.57, x2/sd=2.807, RMSEA=.062, CFI=.99, GFI=.93, AGFI=.91, NNFI=.99 ve SRMR=.042]. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı .956, test-tekrar test korelasyon katsayısı ise .735 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, ölçeğin Türkçe formunun, lisansüstü öğrenim gören öğrencilerin danışman-öğrenci ilişkilerine yönelik algılarının ölçülmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir yapıda olduğunu göstermektedir.
Further Information about the Nest, Eggs and Nestlings of the Copper-Rumped Hummingbird Saucerottia tobaci from Venezuela
Authors: Verea Carlos
Published: November 2023

The Copper-rumped Hummingbird Saucerottia tobaci is a polyphyletic hummingbird with seven recognized subspecies. Nonetheless, the most information on its nesting behavior come from the island race S. t. erythronotos. This study aims to describe a nesting event of S. t. feliciae, the most widespread mainland subspecies, in order to provide detailed information on its nest structure, eggs and nestling development, as well as report information related to the nesting success (survival strategies, potential threats), based on observations carried out from August to October 2021 in northern Venezuela. Features of nest (composition, form, dimensions), eggs (appearance, dimensions, mass) and nestling development data from hatching to fledging time (body length, bill, wings, tail, and body mass) were all recorded in detail. The nest was an open saddle-type, cream in color, built of silky vegetable down, silky fibers of moth cocoon, mossy stuffs, pieces of lichen and spider’s web. Nest dimensions (mm): outer-cup depth: 40.7; inner-cup depth: 18.0; base-bed: 22.7; cup-rim thickness: 10.0–12.0; cup-rim length: 40.4; cup-rim wide: 18.4. Two oval-shaped eggs were laid inside, white in color, without spots or blots, smooth in texture, and non-glossy. Egg mass (0.6 ± 0 g; n = 2), egg length (13.95 ± 0.07 mm; n = 2), egg width (9.4 ± 0.14 mm; n = 2). Both eggs were incubated during 16 days. Nestlings were born almost completely naked, dark skin above, reddish beige below; bill yellow with the tip red and blunt; eyes closed. Nestling body mass at hatching (0.6 ± 0 g, n = 2), fledgling period (23 days). First feather barbs (day 10), eyes open (day 10), nestling totally feathered (day 16), and nestling body mass at fledging (4.7 g, n = 1). Survival strategies were nest camouflage, roof protection, female motionlessness, distraction displays and mobbing behavior. The nest was also close to a bumblebee nest and an artificial feeder. Potential threats included nest predators and heavy rains. This study introduces novel information on nesting behavior of a mainland subspecies and suggests that S. t. feliciae resembles S. t. erythronotos with slight differences in terms of nest construction, and eggs mass and length. Data on other nests, including those of other Venezuelan subspecies, are necessary to fully categorize the nesting behavior of this hummingbird in order to identify critical subspecific elements (e. g. nest materials, nestling´s food, human impact, additional nest predators and parasites) needed for its conservation in future.
Appearance of Senescence and Life Expectation in Bugio (Alouatta spp.) in Captivity
Authors: Barbosa Maria Luiza de Sousa
Published: November 2023

The number of non-human primates aging in captivity has increased in recent years. More animals are visible in captivity than in the wild due to changes that have occurred with globalization and technological evolution. For this study, data was collected regarding the age of studies that mention senescent howler monkeys. The nominal qualitative variable in discrete quantitative variable infers the need for aspects to be considered to categorize this species as senile
Additional Data on Arctozenus australis Ho et Duhamel, 2019 (Pisces: Aulopiformes, Paralepididae) off Kerguelen Islands
Authors: Zhukov Mikhail Yu.
Published: November 2023

This work clarifies the morphological data for the recently described species Arctozenus australis Ho et Duhamel, 2019. Specimens caught in the northwest of the known range of the species confirm the validity of diagnostic characters and expand the known range of the following parameters: predorsal length, prepelvic length, preanal length, distance between origins of dorsal and anal fins, head depth, distance between origins of dorsal and pelvic fins, interorbital width, caudal-peduncle depth, snout length, upper-jaw length, lower jaw, number of caudal vertebrae, preanal vertebrae, and anal fin rays.
Poisoning of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus, Hablitz, 1783) With Carbofuran-A Clinical Case
Authors: Petrichev Metodi
Published: November 2023

One of the global problems related to the protection of nature is the preservation of the genetic pool of wild flora and fauna. In Bulgaria, until 2007, more than 30,000 species of animals belonging to a large number of taxonomic groups were known, but their real number in the country is most likely over 60,000. The provided data show that our country compared to the larger some European countries have a rich register of animals in a correspondingly small territory. After the experts' assessment, it was shown that the Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria includes a total of 287 species and subspecies of animals, which are assigned to 4 categories: extinct - 30, critically endangered - 87, endangered - 70 and vulnerable - 100. Taking into account these facts, our goal was to carry out a retrospective analysis of the intoxications of wild birds and mammals registered in some regions of the country, in order to determine the cause of their occurrence and, on the other hand, to add new data to the ecological situation in the country.