bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactive Transport Modeling of the Enhancement of Density-Driven CO2 Convective Mixing in Carbonate Aquifers and its Potential Implication on Geological Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Islam Akand , Sun Alexander Y. , Yang Changbing
Published: April 2016

We study the convection and mixing of CO2 in a brine aquifer, where the spread of dissolved CO2 is enhanced because of geochemical reactions with the host formations (calcite and dolomite), in addition to the extensively studied, buoyancy-driven mixing. The nonlinear convection is investigated under the assumptions of instantaneous chemical equilibrium and that the dissipation of carbonate rocks solely depends on flow and transport and chemical speciation depends only on the equilibrium thermodynamics of the chemical system. The extent of convection is quantified in term of the CO2 saturation volume of the storage formation. Our results suggest that the density increase of resident species causes significant enhancement in CO2 dissolution, although no significant porosity and permeability alterations are observed. Early saturation of the reservoir can have negative impact on CO2 sequestration.
The influence of climate on peatland extent in Western Siberia since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Alexandrov G. A. , Brovkin V. A. , Kleinen T.
Published: April 2016

Boreal and subarctic peatlands are an important dynamical component of the earth system. They are sensitive to climate change and could either continue to serve as a carbon sink or become a carbon source. Climatic thresholds for switching peatlands from sink to source are not well defined and therefore, incorporating peatlands into Earth system models is a challenging task. Here we introduce a climatic index, warm precipitation excess, to delineate the potential geographic distribution of boreal peatlands for a given climate and landscape morphology. This allows us to explain the present-day distribution of peatlands in Western Siberia, their absence during the Last Glacial Maximum, their expansion during the mid-Holocene and to form a working hypothesis about the trend to peatland degradation in the southern taiga belt of Western Siberia under an RCP 8.5 scenario for the projected climate in year 2100.
Matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 6,162 individuals
Authors: Weng Hong , Yan Yan , Jin Ying-Hui , Meng Xiang-Yu , Mo Yuan-Yuan , Zeng Xian-Tao
Published: April 2016

We aimed to systematically investigate the potential association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, -3, -2, and -8 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to periodontitis using meta-analysis. A literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Sciencewas conducted to obtain relevant publications. Finally a total of 16 articles with 24 case-control studies (nine on MMP-9-1562 C/T, seven on MMP-3-1171 A5/A6, four on MMP-2-753C/T, and four on MMP-8-799 C/T) were considered in this meta-analysis. The results based on 2,724 periodontitis patients and 3,438 controls showed that MMP-9-1562C/T, MMP-3-1171 A5/A6, and MMP-8-799C/T polymorphisms were associated with periodontitis susceptibility. No significant association was found between MMP-2-753 C/T and periodontitis susceptibility. Subgroup analyses suggested that the MMP-9-1562 C/T polymorphism reduced chronic periodontitis susceptibility and MMP-3-1171 A5/A6polymorphism increased chronic periodontitis susceptibility. In summary, current evidence demonstrated that MMP-9-753 C/Tpolymorphism reduced the risk of periodontitis, MMP-3-1171 5A/6A and MMP-8-799 C/Tpolymorphisms increased the risk of periodontitis, and MMP-2-753 C/T was not associated with risk of periodontitis.
The biochemical basis for thermoregulation in heat-producing flowers
Authors: Umekawa Yui , Seymour Roger S. , Ito Kikukatsu
Published: April 2016

Thermoregulation (homeothermy) in animals involves a complex mechanism involving thermal receptors throughout the body and integration in the hypothalamus that controls shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. The flowers of some ancient families of seed plants show a similar degree of physiological thermoregulation, but by a different mechanism. Here, we show that respiratory control in homeothermic spadices of skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) is achieved by rate-determining biochemical reactions in which the overall thermodynamic activation energy exhibits a negative value. Moreover, NADPH production, catalyzed by mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase in a chemically endothermic reaction, plays a role in the pre-equilibrium reaction. We propose that a law of chemical equilibrium known as Le Châtelier’s principle governs the homeothermic control in skunk cabbage.
Early Preferential Responses to Fear Stimuli in Human Right Dorsal Visual Stream - A Meg Study
Authors: Meeren Hanneke K. M. , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Ahlfors Seppo P. , Hämäläinen Matti S. , de Gelder Beatrice
Published: April 2016

Emotional expressions of others are salient biological stimuli that automatically capture attention and prepare us for action. We investigated the early cortical dynamics of automatic visual discrimination of fearful body expressions by monitoring cortical activity using magnetoencephalography. We show that right parietal cortex distinguishes between fearful and neutral bodies as early as 80-ms after stimulus onset, providing the first evidence for a fast emotion-attention-action link through human dorsal visual stream.
Thermal frequency shift and tunable microwave absorption in BiFeO3 family
Authors: Li Yong , Fang Xiaoyong , Cao Maosheng
Published: April 2016

Tunable frequency is highly sought-after task of researcher, because of the potential for applications in selecting frequency, absorber, imaging and biomedical diagnosis. Here, we report the original observation of thermal frequency shift of dielectric relaxation in La/Nd doped BiFeO3 (BFO) in X-band from 300 to 673 K. It exhibits an unexpected result: the relaxation shifts to lower frequency with increasing temperature. The relaxation maximally shifts about a quarter of X-band. The nonlinear term of lattice vibration plays an important role in the frequency shift. The frequency shift leads to tuning microwave absorption, which almost covers the whole X-band by changing temperature. Meanwhile, the great increase of dielectric loss of La/Nd doped BFO due to thermal excited electron hopping enhances microwave absorption above ~460 and ~480 K, respectively. The microwave absorption of La/Nd doped BFO surpasses −20 dB at 673 K and the minimum reflection loss of La doped BFO reaches −39 dB. These results open a new pathway to develop BFO-based materials in electromagnetic functional materials and devices for tunable frequency, stealth and thermal imaging at long wavelength.
Age-related fragmentation of the motor endplate is not associated with impaired neuromuscular transmission in the mouse diaphragm
Authors: Willadt Silvia , Nash Mark , Slater Clarke R.
Published: April 2016

As mammals age, their neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) gradually change their form, acquiring an increasingly fragmented appearance consisting of numerous isolated regions of synaptic differentiation. It has been suggested that this remodelling is associated with impairment of neuromuscular transmission, and that this contributes to age-related muscle weakness in mammals, including humans. The underlying hypothesis, that increasing NMJ fragmentation is associated with impaired transmission, has never been directly tested. Here, by comparing the structure and function of individual NMJs, we show that neuromuscular transmission at the most highly fragmented NMJs in the diaphragms of old (26–28 months) mice is, if anything, stronger than in middle-aged (12–14 months) mice. We suggest that NMJ fragmentation per se is not a reliable indicator of impaired neuromuscular transmission.
Non-covalent stacking interactions directing the structural and photophysical features of mono- and dinuclear cyclometalated palladium(ii) complexes
Authors: Santana M. D. , López-Banet L. , Sánchez G. , Pérez J. , Pérez E. , García L. , Serrano J. L. , Espinosa A.
Published: April 2016

Cyclometallated Pd(ii) complexes with different stackings show emission in solid state in relationship to them.
Ultrasound-assisted reductive dissolution of CeO2and PuO2in the presence of Ti particles
Authors: Beaudoux Xavier , Virot Matthieu , Chave Tony , Leturcq Gilles , Jouan Gauthier , Venault Laurent , Moisy Philippe , Nikitenko Sergey I.
Published: April 2016

PuO2is considered an important material for current and future nuclear fuel; however it is a very refractive compound towards dissolution.
Au/TiO2 photocatalysts prepared by solid grinding for artificial solar-light water splitting
Authors: Marchal Clément , Behr Matthieu , Vigneron Fabrice , Caps Valérie , Keller Valérie
Published: April 2016

Calcining mechanical mixtures of TiO2 and AuPPh3Cl generates Au/TiO2 nanocomposites with strong Au–TiO2 interaction and high solar light activity.
Structure of a thermostable methionine adenosyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 reveals a novel fold of the flexible loop
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Wang Wenhe , Zhang Weiwei , Dong Yanan , Han Fengjiao , Raza Muslim , Liu Luo , Tan Tianwei , Feng Yue
Published: April 2016

Methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs) are the family of enzymes which synthesizeS-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the major biological methyl donor.
Azo-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a near-infrared light triggered drug delivery system for combined therapy of cancer with low toxicity
Authors: Chen Ling , Wu Lin , Liu Fei , Qi Xueyong , Ge Yanru , Shen Song
Published: April 2016

A smart drug delivery system based on thermo-sensitive molecule was designed. When exposed to near infrared (NIR) light, Fe3O4 nanoparticles transfer the light to heat rapidly, leading to the cleavage of the Azo linker and the release of DOX.
Tunable Au–Ag nanobowl arrays for size-selective plasmonic biosensing
Authors: Jana Debrina , Lehnhoff Emily , Bruzas Ian , Robinson Jendai , Lum William , Sagle Laura
Published: April 2016

This paper describes the utilization of Au–Ag nanobowl arrays towards the size-selective detection of biological analytes, providing greater selectivity in complex media.
Glucometer-based signal readout for a portable low-cost electrochemical immunoassay using branched platinum nanowires
Authors: Lin Jiashi , Tang Dianping
Published: April 2016

A simple and low-cost electrochemical immunosensing platform with a personal glucometer (PGM)-based signal readout device was developed for the quantitative detection of human carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) using invertase for the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Iridium-catalysed ortho-H/D and -H/T exchange under basic conditions: C–H activation of unprotected tetrazoles
Authors: Kerr William J. , Lindsay David M. , Reid Marc , Atzrodt Jens , Derdau Volker , Rojahn Patrick , Weck Remo
Published: April 2016

Selective C–H activation with unprotected 2-aryltetrazoles has been achieved by base-assisted iridium(i) catalysis to deliver ortho-deuterated and -tritiated tetrazoles.
Proof of concept for inhibiting metastasis: circulating tumor cell-triggered localized release of anticancer agent via a structure-switching aptamer
Authors: Chen Nandi , Yang Xiaohai , Wang Qing , Jian Lixin , Shi Hui , Qin Shiya , Wang Kemin , Huang Jin , Liu Wenjing
Published: April 2016

A proof of concept study: inhibiting tumor metastasis with irradiation.
Connecting effect on the first hyperpolarizability of armchair carbon–boron–nitride heteronanotubes: pattern versus proportion
Authors: Zhong Rong-Lin , Xu Hong-Liang , Su Zhong-Min
Published: April 2016

The first hyperpolarizability of the carbon–boron–nitride heteronanotube models is significantly dependent on the connecting patterns and carbon proportions.
Density functional theory study of oxygen reduction reaction on Pt/Pd3Al(111) alloy electrocatalyst
Authors: Xiao B. B. , Jiang X. B. , Jiang Q.
Published: April 2016

Developing efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to reduce cathode Pt loading without sacrificing the performance has been under intensive research.
Synthesis in mesoreactors: Ru(porphyrin)CO-catalyzed aziridination of olefins under continuous flow conditions
Authors: Rossi S. , Puglisi A. , Benaglia M. , Carminati D. M. , Intrieri D. , Gallo E.
Published: April 2016

The Ru(porphyrin)CO-catalyzed addition of aryl azides to styrenes to affordN-aryl aziridines was successfully performed for the first time in mesoreactors under continuous flow conditions.
Synthesis, structure, and magnetic and catalytic properties of metal frameworks with 2,2′-dinitro-4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate and imidazole-containing tripodal ligands
Authors: Li Yu-Ling , Zhao Dan , Zhao Yue , Wang Peng , Wang Huai-Wei , Sun Wei-Yin
Published: April 2016

Four new MOFs with mixed ligands were successfully synthesized, and their magnetic, adsorption and catalytic properties were investigated.
Protonation of nitriles: isolation and characterization of alkyl- and arylnitrilium ions
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Baxter Amanda F. , Goetz Nadine R. , Axhausen Joachim A. , Soltner Theresa , Kornath Andreas , Christe Karl O.
Published: April 2016

The reactions of acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile,N,N-dimethylaminoacetonitrile, benzonitrile,o-tolunitrile and 1,4-dicyanobenzene with HF/AsF5or HF/SbF5in anhydrous HF result in protonation of the nitrile.
The origin of low thermal conductivity in Sn1−xSbxTe: phonon scattering via layered intergrowth nanostructures
Authors: Banik Ananya , Vishal Badri , Perumal Suresh , Datta Ranjan , Biswas Kanishka
Published: April 2016

The spontaneous formation of nanodomains of the Sb-rich layered intergrowth SnmSb2nTe3n+m compounds in a SnTe matrix resulted in ultralow lattice thermal conductivity.
One-pot synthesis of well-defined polyether/polyester block copolymers and terpolymers by a highly efficient catalyst switch approach
Authors: Alamri Haleema , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: April 2016

A novel catalyst switch methodology, which takes advantage of one of the best catalysts for epoxide (t-BuP4) and cyclic ester (t-BuP2) polymerization, is presented.
Recent developments on the structure–activity relationship studies of MAO inhibitors and their role in different neurological disorders
Authors: Kumar Bhupinder , Sheetal Sheetal , Mantha Anil K. , Kumar Vinod
Published: April 2016

Development of MAO inhibitors as effective drug candidates for the management and/or treatment of different neurological disorders.
Designing hierarchical NiO/PAni-MWCNT core–shell nanocomposites for high performance super capacitor electrodes
Authors: Das Dhaneswar , Borthakur Lakhya J. , Nath Bikash C. , Saikia Bhaskar Jyoti , Mohan Kiran Jyoti , Dolui Swapan K.
Published: April 2016

A novel type of nanocomposite material based on multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and NiO nanoparticles coated with polyaniline (PAni) has been prepared by an in situ polymerization technique.
Preparation and growth mechanism of one-dimensional NdB6 nanostructures: nanobelts, nanoawls, and nanotubes
Authors: Han Wei , Zhao Yanming , Fan Qinghua , Li Qidong
Published: April 2016

1D NdB6 nanostructures (nanobelts, nanoawls, and nanotubes) have been synthesized through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process with a self-catalyzed mechanism.
Invasin-functionalized liposome nanocarriers improve the intracellular delivery of anti-infective drugs
Authors: Menina Sara , Labouta Hagar Ibrahim , Geyer Rebecca , Krause Tanja , Gordon Sarah , Dersch Petra , Lehr Claus-Michael
Published: April 2016

Liposomes containing gentamicin and surface-functionalized with InvA497 showed a reduced infection load of both cytosolic and vacuolar intracellular bacteria.
Recent development on the effect of water/moisture on the performance of zeolite membrane and MMMs containing zeolite for gas separation; review
Authors: Khulbe K. C. , Matsuura T. , Feng C. Y. , Ismail A. F.
Published: April 2016

Understanding the effects of water vapour on gas permeation and separation properties of zeolite membranes especially at lower temperatures is important for the applications of these zeolite membranes for gas separations involving water vapour.
Effects of aqueous extracts from Ceratonia siliqua L. pods on small intestinal motility in rats and jejunal permeability in mice
Authors: Rtibi Kaïs , Selmi Slimen , Jabri Mohamed-Amine , Mamadou Godefroy , Limas-Nzouzi Nicolas , Sebai Hichem , El-Benna Jamel , Marzouki Lamjed , Eto Bruno , Amri Mohamed
Published: April 2016

The current study was performed to assess the effects of carob pod aqueous extracts (CPAE, pulp, seeds or mixture) on gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and intestinal epithelium permeability.
Simultaneous growth of monolayer graphene on Ni–Cu bimetallic catalyst by atmospheric pressure CVD process
Authors: Seah Choon-Ming , Vigolo Brigitte , Chai Siang-Piao , Ichikawa Satoshi , Gleize Jérôme , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Mohamed Abdul Rahman
Published: April 2016

CVD is the most efficient way to produce wafer scale monolayer graphene.
Immunomodulatory pinguisane-type sesquiterpenes from the liverwort Porella cordaeana (Porellaceae): the “new old” furanopinguisanol and its oxidation product exert mutually different effects on rat splenocytes
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Filipović Sonja I. , Zlatković Dragan B. , Đorđević Miljana R. , Stojanović Nikola M. , Randjelović Pavle J. , Mitić Katarina V. , Jevtović-Stoimenov Tatjana M. , Ranđelović Vladimir N.
Published: April 2016

α-Furanopinguisanol and furanopinguisanone, two new pinguisane-type sesquiterpenes from the liverwortPorella cordaeana, exert mutually different effects on rat splenocytes.
Viscoelastic and structural properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) hydrogels
Authors: Teodorescu Mirela , Morariu Simona , Bercea Maria , Săcărescu Liviu
Published: April 2016

Physical hydrogels were obtained by freezing/thawing of aqueous solutions of 15% poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) mixtures with different ratios between the polymers.
On the synthesis and characterisation of luminescent hybrid particles: Mo6metal cluster complex/SiO2
Authors: Vorotnikov Yuri A. , Efremova Olga A. , Vorotnikova Natalya A. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Edeleva Mariya V. , Tsygankova Alphiya R. , Smolentsev Anton I. , Kitamura Noboru , Mironov Yuri V. , Shestopalov Michael A.
Published: April 2016

Photophysical properties of Mo6cluster-doped silica particles.
Y2O3 functionalized natural palygorskite as an adsorbent for methyl blue removal
Authors: He Xi , Wang Jianjun , Shu Zhan , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming
Published: April 2016

The methyl blue adsorption isotherm on Y2O3/Palygorskite obeys the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption capacity greatly enhanced to 1579.06 mg g−1, exhibiting potential applications in wastewater treatment.
α-Fe2O3 quantum dots: low-cost synthesis and photocatalytic oxygen evolution capabilities
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Ning , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin
Published: April 2016

Hematite quantum dots with an average size of 3 nm are synthesized by a facile microwave-assisted reverse micelle method.
Excellent microwave absorption properties of Fe ion-doped SnO2/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Xing Honglong , Liu Zhenfeng , Lin Ling , Wang Lei , Tan Dexin , Gan Ying , Ji Xiaoli , Xu Guocai
Published: April 2016

Fe ions doped SnO2/MWCNTs composites with 48.8% Fe ions doping content showed the maximum reflection loss was −44.54 dB at 15.44 GHz, and the maximum absorption bandwidth of reflection loss below −10 dB was 4.5 GHz in the Ku band.
Radiolabeled pyridinyl analogues of dibenzylideneacetone as β-amyloid imaging probes
Authors: Cui Xiaomei , Zhang Xiaoyang , Peng Cheng , Dai Jiapei , Liu Boli , Cui Mengchao
Published: April 2016

In continuation of our investigation of the dibenzylideneacetone scaffold as Aβ imaging probes, a series of derivatives containing pyridine rings with lower lipophilicity was synthesized and evaluated.
Imparting hysteretic behavior to spin transition in neutral mononuclear complexes
Authors: Seredyuk Maksym , Znovjyak Kateryna , Muñoz M. Carmen , Galyametdinov Yurii , Fritsky Igor O. , Real Jose A.
Published: April 2016

The paper presents an experimental study of spin transition thiocyanate complexes of Fe(ii) with aliphatic substituents with focus on the interaction between spin- and phase-transitions.
Insights into DFG-in and DFG-out JAK2 binding modes for a rational strategy of type II inhibitors combined computational study
Authors: Li Jiao Jiao , Tu Jing , Cheng Peng , Zhai Hong Lin , Zhang Xiao Yun
Published: April 2016

(a) The superposition of the binding affinities between DFG-in JAK2 and type I inhibitors 22 and 25. (b) The superposition of the binding affinities between DFG-out JAK2 and type II inhibitors BBT594 and CHZ868.
Magneto-electrical orientation of lipid-coated graphitic micro-particles in solution
Authors: Nguyen Johnny , Contera Sonia , Llorente García Isabel
Published: April 2016

We demonstrate, for the first time, confinement of the orientation of graphitic micro-flakes to a well-defined plane in solution by applying two perpendicular fields: a vertical static magnetic field and a horizontal time-varying electric field.
High performance dye-sensitized solar cell from a cocktail solution of a ruthenium dye and metal free organic dye
Authors: Koyyada Ganesh , Shome Sanchari , Chandrasekharam M. , Sharma G. D. , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: April 2016

A Ru-based dye K-60 and a metal free D–A organic dye Y1 have been employed for the fabrication of a mixed dye sensitized solar cell (MDSSCs) system.
Pancreatic cancer therapy using an injectable nanobiohybrid hydrogel
Authors: Phan V. H. Giang , Lee Eunhye , Maeng Jin Hee , Thambi Thavasyappan , Kim Bong Sup , Lee Donheang , Lee Doo Sung
Published: April 2016

Nanobiohybrid hydrogels, composed of biocompatible inorganic nanoparticles and biodegradable polymeric hydrogels, have been developed as the sustained delivery carrier of gemcitabine for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Multiscale simulation of shear-induced mechanical anisotropy of binary polymer blends
Authors: Deng Shengwei , Payyappilly Sanal Sebastian , Huang Yongmin , Liu Honglai
Published: April 2016

The morphologies of binary polymer blends under shear and corresponding mechanical behavior are correlated by sequential mesoscopic simulation method.
Diffusive properties of solvent molecules in the neighborhood of a polymer chain as seen by Monte-Carlo simulations
Authors: Kozanecki M. , Halagan K. , Saramak J. , Matyjaszewski K.
Published: April 2016

The influence of both polymer chain length and concentration on the mobility of solvent molecules in polymer solutions was studied by Monte Carlo simulations with the use of the dynamic lattice liquid (DLL) model.
A hollow spherical doped carbon catalyst derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocrystals impregnated/covered with iron phthalocyanines
Authors: Zheng Ruiping , Liao Shijun , Hou Sanying , Qiao Xiaochang , Wang Guanghua , Liu Lina , Shu Ting , Du Li
Published: April 2016

A high-performance hollow spherical doped carbon catalyst for oxygen reduction, derived from Zif-8 nanocrystals impregnated/covered with iron phthalocyanines.
Lead-free SnTe-based thermoelectrics: enhancement of thermoelectric performance by doping with Gd/Ag
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Wang Jianli , Cheng Zhenxiang , Sun Qiao , Li Zhen , Dou Shixue
Published: April 2016

Gd/Ag co-doping is an effective way to simultaneously reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and enhance the Seebeck coefficient of SnTe-based thermoelectric materials.
Carbon encapsulated RuO2 nano-dots anchoring on graphene as an electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors with ultralong cycle life in an ionic liquid electrolyte
Authors: Shen Baoshou , Zhang Xu , Guo Ruisheng , Lang Junwei , Chen Jiangtao , Yan Xingbin
Published: April 2016

With the protection of a carbon shell, an asymmetric SC exhibited superior cycling stability with 98.5% capacitance retention after 100 000 charge/discharge cycles.
Feasibility of a Recasting and Auditory Bombardment Treatment With Young Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Encinas Danielle , Plante Elena
Published: April 2016

Purpose

There is little to guide clinicians in terms of evidence-based interventions for children with cochlear implants who demonstrate morpheme errors. This feasibility study tested the utility of a treatment targeting grammatical morpheme errors.

Method

Three children (ages 4–5 years) received Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment, a version of conversational recast treatment that focuses on a single morpheme error at a time, emphasizes attention to clinician input, and uses high linguistic variability with clinician input. A period of recasting was followed by 24 auditory presentations of the target morpheme in short sentences. After an initial baseline period, children were treated in individual sessions over 21–26 days.

Results

All children showed improved use of targeted grammatical morpheme use, both in elicited contexts and in terms of spontaneous use. Spontaneous use was best for the 2 children who were implanted earliest and whose audiograms showed the best hearing postimplant. Performance by a 3rd child diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder was more variable but still showed positive change.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the treatment can be effective for children with cochlear implants. The pattern of results across children also suggests potential variables that may moderate treatment effects.
Design of integrated balancing transformer for high frequency AC‐LED drive circuit
Authors: Kang B.G. , Choi Y. , Chung S.K.
Published: April 2016

An integrated balancing transformer is proposed for a high frequency parallel AC‐LED drive circuit using a LLC resonant converter. The design and implementation of the integrated balancing transformer are presented. The experimental results for the converter with the integrated transformer are provided to show the validity of the proposed technique.
Integrated analogue–digital control circuit for photonic switch matrices
Authors: Enne R. , Hofbauer M. , Zecevic N. , Goll B. , Zimmermann H.
Published: April 2016

An analogue–digital circuit for thermal control of the resonance frequency of optical ring resonators is suggested. This approach is characterised by a low power dissipation of 209 µW and needs only 2800 µm2 of chip area in 0.16 µm CMOS technology. Therefore, it is well appropriate to be used to control each of the cells of large optical switch matrices. Compared with a purely analogue heater control approach the power dissipation is reduced to 7%.
Spatial filter measurement matrix design for interference/jamming suppression in colocated compressive sensing MIMO radars
Authors: Tao Yu , Zhang Gong , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2016

A new methodology for interference/jamming suppression employing a spatial filter measurement matrix (SFMM) is presented. Different from the previous Capon beamforming method, the proposed method is not dependent on accurate prior information of targets’ directions‐of‐arrival (DOAs). The proposed SFMM suppresses the noise and interferences outside the searching area, thus apparently improves detection performance. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SFMM.
Approach of copper losses determination in planar windings
Authors: Abderahim A. , Mahamat A.T. , Chatelon J.P. , Pietroy D. , Capraro S. , Rousseau J.J.
Published: April 2016

A new approach is presented in order to determine copper losses from measurements or simulations of planar inductors. Copper losses are modelled with a series resistance r(f) that depends on the frequency. Measured or simulated admittances of the inductors are used to determine the model parameters of the inductors. The resistance r(f) is determined in three frequency domains: (i) at very low frequencies (or DC); (ii) at low frequencies (capacitive couplings are negligible); (iii) at resonant frequencies, i.e. high frequencies. The presented approach is different as those encountered in literature and allows the series resistance from measured or simulated Sij parameters to be determined.
Interference alignment in overlay cognitive radio femtocell networks
Authors: Hasani‐Baferani Mohsen , Abouei Jamshid , Zeinalpour‐Yazdi Zolfa
Published: April 2016

An overly multiple‐input–multiple‐output cognitive radio femtocell network consisting of P macrocell users equipments (MUEs), known as primary users (PUs), and K femtocell access points (FAPs), known as secondary users is considered in which femtocell user equipments (FUEs) operate in the closed access mode. Each FAP is equipped with a CR device to perform the local channel state information. The main objective is to maximise the average sum‐rate of the macrocell base station (MBS), as well as significantly increase in the FUE’s rate with negligible reduction in the PU’s rate for moderate‐to‐high signal‐to‐noise ratio regimes. This goal is achieved by proposing an opportunistic interference alignment (OIA) technique using the threshold‐based beamforming (TBF) algorithm. Assuming that the receiver and the transmitter of the PU have perfect knowledge of their own channel matrices, the authors use the maximum eigenmode beamforming algorithm for the transmission between the MBS and its MUEs, where the PU releases some of its eigenmodes for the FAPs, in order to transmit signals for their corresponding FUEs over them. To decide on the presence or absence of MUEs, they use the generalised likelihood ratio test detector which is more robust to the noise uncertainty than the energy detector. The proposed OIA‐TBF protocol allows the opportunistic FAPs to send data for FUEs and use the same frequency band of a preexisting MUE to guarantee that no interference is imposed on the MUE’s performance for such a network.
Linearisation of radio frequency power amplifiers exhibiting memory effects using direct learning‐based adaptive digital predistoriton
Authors: Dawar Neha , Sharma Tushar , Darraji Ramzi , Ghannouchi Fadhel M.
Published: April 2016

This study presents an adaptive predistortion algorithm based on direct learning approach to compensate for the non‐linearities of a power amplifier (PA) exhibiting memory effects. The proposed algorithm implements the steepest descent technique on an odd‐order memory polynomial model to optimise the predistorter coefficients. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated using a harmonically tuned broadband PA driven by long‐term evolution 20 MHz signal. Measurement results confirmed the robustness of the proposed technique by adapting the coefficients of the predistorter to the changes in average input power, drain bias, and gate bias of the PA. The linearisation using the proposed algorithm is compared to the traditional uncompensated case and results are presented. For changes in average input power, gate bias and drain bias levels, the normalised mean square error shows substantial enhancement when the predistortion coefficients are updated using the proposed algorithm.
Radio resource allocation for heterogeneous traffic in GFDM‐NOMA heterogeneous cellular networks
Authors: Mokdad Ali , Azmi Paeiz , Mokari Nader
Published: April 2016

In this study, the authors consider the downlink radio resource allocation for heterogeneous traffic in generalised frequency division multiplexing (GFDM)‐non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based heterogeneous cellular networks. In this scheme, multiple number of users can be allocated on each subcarrier. Two types of traffic are considered, elastic and streaming. The problem of maximising the weighted sum‐rate of elastic users is addressed subject to streaming users minimum rate in addition to subcarrier and transmit power constraints. This problem is a non‐convex NP‐hard optimisation problem. To solve this problem, the authors divide it into two subproblems, subcarrier allocation and power allocation then an iterative algorithm is proposed. Subcarrier allocation is updated by solving an integer linear program, where a successive convex approximation approach is adopted to transform the power allocation subproblem to a sequence of convex subproblems, using one of the three methods, successive convex approximation for low ComplExity, arithmetic‐geometric mean approximation (AGMA) and difference of two concave functions to find the power allocation optimal solutions. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms can improve the system performance. Furthermore, they show that AGMA can achieve a sum‐rate near to the global optimal solution, at the expense of more computational time.
Design considerations for the brushless doubly‐fed (induction) machine
Authors: McMahon Richard A. , Mathekga Mmamolatelo E. , Wang Xiaoyan , Tatlow Mark R.
Published: April 2016

A design procedure for the brushless doubly‐fed machine is based on equations derived from a simplified equivalent circuit. The method allows the many variables in the design of this machine to be handled in a straightforward way. Relationships are given for the division of slot area between the two stator windings and for the design of the magnetic circuit. The design method is applied to a frame size 180 machine. In particular, calculated values for flux densities in the machine have been verified by time stepping finite element analysis for actual operating conditions. The approach outlined can also be used as part of a design optimisation routine.
Polarisation insensitive tunable metamaterial perfect absorber for solar cells applications
Authors: Rufangura Patrick , Sabah Cumali
Published: April 2016

Developing a perfect absorber based on metamaterials (MTMs) is a promising technique towards improving the efficiency of solar photovoltaic cells. In this study, a novel MTM‐based perfect absorber (MPA) is proposed for solar cell applications, which exhibits an excellent single‐band with high absorption rate of 99.7% in visible frequency regime (resonance frequency of 614.4 THz) with an outstanding absorption bandwidth of 15.5%. The proposed design presents a high symmetry flexibility which makes it easy to fabricate. Besides, the simulation results for the defined different incident angles and different polarisation (transverse electric and transverse magnetic) confirm the quality of the proposed design by showing how insensitive it is to both the defined incident angles (normal and oblique incident) and different polarisation angles of electromagnetic wave. The parametric study on dielectric spacer shows the tunability characteristic of an intended MPA structure. The proposed MPA design is a good candidate for fabrication of high‐efficiency solar cell operating in a visible frequency range.
Doppler tolerance, complementary code sets, and generalised Thue–Morse sequences
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Duc , Coxson Gregory Emmett
Published: April 2016

The authors generalise the construction of Doppler‐tolerant Golay complementary waveforms by Pezeshki–Calderbank–Moran–Howard to complementary code sets having more than two codes, which they call Doppler‐null codes. This is accomplished by exploiting number‐theoretic results involving the sum‐of‐digits function and a generalisation to more than two symbols of the classical two‐symbol Thue–Morse sequence. Two approaches are taken to establish higher‐order nulls of the composite ambiguity function: one by rewriting it in terms of equal sums of powers (ESP) and the other by factoring it in product form to reveal a higher‐order zero, analogous to spectral‐null codes. They conclude by describing an application of minimal ESP sets to multiple‐input–multiple‐output radar.
Extended input estimation method for tracking non‐linear manoeuvring targets with multiplicative noises
Authors: Malekian Herab Hadi , Khaloozadeh Hamid
Published: April 2016

In this study, a new input estimation method is proposed for targets with non‐linear dynamics and unknown inputs (manoeuvres), where measurement model is corrupted with both additive and multiplicative noises. First, the authors proposed an innovative model by adding unknown inputs as a new state to the original state vector and constructed an augmented state vector. Therefore, manoeuvring model turns into a non‐manoeuvring model. The proposed model does not need any manoeuvre detection stage procedure but it causes a correlation between the process and measurement noises. Subsequently, the authors modify the augmented model to deal with the cross‐correlation problem. Finally an augmented extended Kalman filter scheme is proposed, which unlike the most existing literature, it can estimate unknown inputs as quickly as possible and copes with the multiplicative noises and the cross‐correlation problem. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated in computer simulations for a manoeuvring target with non‐linear dynamics through Monte‐Carlo simulation.
Prophylaxis for Hemophilia in the Era of Extended Half-Life Factor VIII/Factor IX Products
Authors: Berntorp Erik , Andersson Nadine
Published: April 2016

There are two main bioengineering approaches to extending the half-life of factor (F)VIII or FIX products used for hemophilia replacement therapy. These are fusion to Fc-immunoglobulin G (FVIII and FIX) or to albumin (FIX) or pegylation/glycopegylation (FVIII and FIX). Four FVIII and three FIX products are in clinical development or have recently been licensed in regions of the world. The reported half-life extension is approximately 1.5-fold for FVIII and 2.5-fold, or even longer, for FIX. Clinical trials have shown promising results with respect to extension of dose intervals and efficacy in the treatment and prevention of bleeding events. The role of these products in clinical practice has been discussed in terms of either improving convenience and adherence through prolongation of the interval between infusions or maintaining current intervals thereby increasing trough levels and the safety margin against bleeds. This review of extended half-life products addresses the possibilities and problems of their introduction in hemophilia treatment.
Multicentric Dentigerous Dermoid Cyst with an Unusual Location in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Geyik Abidin , Geyik Sırma , Erkutlu Ibrahim , Alptekin Mehmet , Gezgin Inan , Dokur Mehmet
Published: April 2016

Dermoid cysts are benign and congenital ectodermal inclusions. Their occurrence in an intracranial location is quite rare. They constitute 0.1 to 0.7% of all intracranial tumors. Their occurrence in the fourth ventricle and their multicentric feature are extraordinary. A 12-year-old boy was admitted to our clinic with a dermoid cyst with sixth cranial nerve involvement. He had symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. This case is the first dermoid cyst in the literature at this unusual location; a mature tooth structure was found within the cyst, which extended over the cervical subsegments. There was a second dermoid cyst in the thoracic spine (multicentric). Our aim is to present an atypical dermoid cyst along with radiodiagnostic characteristics and macroscopic findings.
Regulatory inhibition of biological tissue mineralization by calcium phosphate through post-nucleation shielding by fetuin-A
Authors: Chang Joshua C. , Miura Robert M.
Published: April 2016

In vertebrates, insufficient availability of calcium and inorganic phosphate ions in extracellular fluids leads to loss of bone density and neuronal hyper-excitability. To counteract this problem, calcium ions are usually present at high concentrations throughout bodily fluids—at concentrations exceeding the saturation point. This condition leads to the opposite situation where unwanted mineral sedimentation may occur. Remarkably, ectopic or out-of-place sedimentation into soft tissues is rare, in spite of the thermodynamic driving factors. This fortunate fact is due to the presence of auto-regulatory proteins that are found in abundance in bodily fluids. Yet, many important inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis are associated with this undesired calcification. Hence, it is important to gain an understanding of the regulatory process and the conditions under which it can go awry. In this manuscript, we extend mean-field continuum classical nucleation theory of the growth of clusters to encompass surface shielding. We use this formulation to study the regulation of sedimentation of calcium phosphate salts in biological tissues through the mechanism of post-nuclear shielding of nascent mineral particles by binding proteins. We develop a mathematical description of this phenomenon using a countable system of hyperbolic partial differential equations. A critical concentration of regulatory protein is identified as a function of the physical parameters that describe the system.
Isolating and quantifying cross-beam energy transfer in direct-drive implosions on OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Davis A. K. , Cao D. , Michel D. T. , Hohenberger M. , Edgell D. H. , Epstein R. , Goncharov V. N. , Hu S. X. , Igumenshchev I. V. , Marozas J. A. , Maximov A. V. , Myatt J. F. , Radha P. B. , Regan S. P. , Sangster T. C. , Froula D. H.
Published: April 2016

The angularly resolved mass ablation rates and ablation-front trajectories for Si-coated CH targets were measured in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments to quantify cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) while constraining the hydrodynamic coupling. A polar-direct-drive laser configuration, where the equatorial laser beams were dropped and the polar beams were repointed from a symmetric direct-drive configuration, was used to limit CBET at the pole while allowing it to persist at the equator. The combination of low- and high-CBET conditions observed in the same implosion allowed for the effects of CBET on the ablation rate and ablation pressure to be determined. Hydrodynamic simulations performed without CBET agreed with the measured ablation rate and ablation-front trajectory at the pole of the target, confirming that the CBET effects on the pole are small. The simulated mass ablation rates and ablation-front trajectories were in excellent agreement with the measurements at all angles when a CBET model based on Randall's equations [C. J. Randall et al., Phys. Fluids 24, 1474 (1981)] was included into the simulations with a multiplier on the CBET gain factor. These measurements were performed on OMEGA and at the National Ignition Facility to access a wide range of plasma conditions, laser intensities, and laser beam geometries. The presence of the CBET gain multiplier required to match the data in all of the configurations tested suggests that additional physics effects, such as intensity variations caused by diffraction, polarization effects, or shortcomings of extending the 1-D Randall model to 3-D, should be explored to explain the differences in observed and predicted drive.
Beyond the ponderomotive limit: Direct laser acceleration of relativistic electrons in sub-critical plasmas
Authors: Arefiev A. V. , Khudik V. N. , Robinson A. P. L. , Shvets G. , Willingale L. , Schollmeier M.
Published: April 2016

We examine a regime in which a linearly polarized laser pulse with relativistic intensity irradiates a sub-critical plasma for much longer than the characteristic electron response time. A steady-state channel is formed in the plasma in this case with quasi-static transverse and longitudinal electric fields. These relatively weak fields significantly alter the electron dynamics. The longitudinal electric field reduces the longitudinal dephasing between the electron and the wave, leading to an enhancement of the electron energy gain from the pulse. The energy gain in this regime is ultimately limited by the superluminosity of the wave fronts induced by the plasma in the channel. The transverse electric field alters the oscillations of the transverse electron velocity, allowing it to remain anti-parallel to laser electric field and leading to a significant energy gain. The energy enhancement is accompanied by the development of significant oscillations perpendicular to the plane of the driven motion, making trajectories of energetic electrons three-dimensional. Proper electron injection into the laser beam can further boost the electron energy gain.
Static and dynamic properties of large polymer melts in equilibrium
Authors: Hsu Hsiao-Ping , Kremer Kurt
Published: April 2016

We present a detailed study of the static and dynamic behaviors of long semiflexible polymer chains in a melt. Starting from previously obtained fully equilibrated high molecular weight polymer melts [G. Zhang et al., ACS Macro Lett. 3, 198 (2014)], we investigate their static and dynamic scaling behaviors as predicted by theory. We find that for semiflexible chains in a melt, results of the mean square internal distance, the probability distributions of the end-to-end distance, and the chain structure factor are well described by theoretical predictions for ideal chains. We examine the motion of monomers and chains by molecular dynamics simulations using the ESPResSo++ package. The scaling predictions of the mean squared displacement of inner monomers, center of mass, and relations between them based on the Rouse and the reptation theory are verified, and related characteristic relaxation times are determined. Finally, we give evidence that the entanglement length Ne,PPA as determined by a primitive path analysis (PPA) predicts a plateau modulus, GN0=45(ρkBT/Ne), consistent with stresses obtained from the Green-Kubo relation. These comprehensively characterized equilibrium structures, which offer a good compromise between flexibility, small Ne, computational efficiency, and small deviations from ideality, provide ideal starting states for future non-equilibrium studies.
Interpretation of the vibrational energy level structure of the astructural molecular ion H5+ and all of its deuterated isotopomers
Authors: Sarka János , Császár Attila G.
Published: April 2016

Variational nuclear motion computations, employing an exact kinetic energy operator and two different potential energy surfaces, are performed to study the first 60 vibrational states of the molecular ion H5+≡ [H2–H–H2]+ and all of its deuterated isotopologues and isotopomers, altogether 12 species. Detailed investigation of the vibrational wavefunctions mostly results in physically intuitive labels not only for the fundamentals but also for the overtone and combination states computed. The torsional motion associated with the left and right diatomics appears to be well separated from the other vibrational degrees of freedom for all species. The unusual structure of the higher-lying bending states and the heavy mixing of the internal motions is partly due to the astructural character of all these molecular ions. The existence of distinct isotopomers in the H5−nDn+, n = 1–4 cases, in the energy range studied, is confirmed. Two rules determine the stability order of the isotopomers: first, when possible, H prefers to stay in the middle of the ions rather than at the sides, and, second, the isotopomer with a homonuclear diatomic at the side is always lower in energy. The large number of precise vibrational energies of the present study, as well as the detailed assignment of the states, should serve as benchmarks for future studies by more approximate nuclear-motion treatments, such as diffusion Monte Carlo and multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree.