bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New 1,3-Disubstituted Benzo[h]Isoquinoline Cyclen-Based Ligand Platform: Synthesis, Eu3+ Multiphoton Sensitization and Imaging Applications
Authors: Di Pietro Sebastiano , Iacopini Dalila , Storti Barbara , Nifosì Riccardo , Di Bussolo Valeria , Pineschi Mauro , Moscardini Aldo , Signore Giovanni , Bizzarri Ranieri
Published: December 2020

The development of lanthanide-based luminescent probes with a long emission lifetime has the potential to revolutionize imaging-based diagnostic techniques. By a rational design strategy taking advantage of computational predictions, a novel, water-soluble Eu3+ complex from a cyclen-based ligand bearing 1,3-disubstituted benzo[h]isoquinoline arms was realized. The ligand has been obtained overcoming the lack of reactivity of position 3 of the isoquinoline moiety. Notably, steric hindrance of the heteroaromatic chromophore allowed selective and stoichiometry-controlled insertion of two or three antennas on the cyclen platform without any protection strategy. The complex bears a fourth heptanoic arm for easy conjugation to biomolecules. This new chromophore allowed the sensitization of the metal center either with one or two photons excitation. The suitability as a luminescent bioprobe was validated by imaging BMI1 oncomarker in lung carcinoma cells following an established immunofluorescence approach. The use of a conventional epifluorescence microscope equipped with a linear structured illumination module disclosed a simple and inexpensive way to image confocally Ln-bioprobes by single photon excitation in the 350–400 nm window, where ordinary confocal systems have no excitation sources.
Larvicidal Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: Investigating Alternative Products for Aedes aegypti L. Control
Authors: Araújo Marianna O. , Pérez-Castillo Yunierkis , Oliveira Louise H. G. , Nunes Fabíola C. , Sousa Damião P. de
Published: December 2020

The mosquito Aedes aegypti transmits the virus that causes dengue, yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya viruses, and in several regions of the planet represents a vector of great clinical importance. In terms of mortality and morbidity, infections caused by Ae. aegypti are among the most serious arthropod transmitted viral diseases. The present study investigated the larvicidal potential of seventeen cinnamic acid derivatives against fourth stage Ae. aegypti larvae. The larvicide assays were performed using larval mortality rates to determine lethal concentration (LC50). Compounds containing the medium alkyl chains butyl cinnamate (7) and pentyl cinnamate (8) presented excellent larvicidal activity with LC50 values of around 0.21–0.17 mM, respectively. While among the derivatives with aryl substituents, the best LC50 result was 0.55 mM for benzyl cinnamate (13). The tested derivatives were natural compounds and in pharmacology and antiparasitic studies, many have been evaluated using biological models for environmental and toxicological safety. Molecular modeling analyses suggest that the larvicidal activity of these compounds might be due to a multi-target mechanism of action involving inhibition of a carbonic anhydrase (CA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC2), and two sodium-dependent cation-chloride co-transporters (CCC2 e CCC3).
Preparation and Solid-State Characterization of Eltrombopag Crystal Phases
Authors: Abbinante Vincenzo Mirco , Zampieri Massimo , Barreca Giuseppe , Masciocchi Norberto
Published: December 2020

Eltrombopag, of C25H22N4O4 chemical formula, is a drug used against thrombocytopenia, marketed worldwide under different tradenames in the form of its bis-olamine salt. The free acid (CAS no. 496775-61-2) is an intermediate species used for the final drug isolation and is reported to crystallize in more than 20 distinct crystal forms, including a large number of hydrates and solvates. Their identification, and, ultimately, their quantification in industrial lots require the usage of accurately measured X-ray powder diffraction pattern, as well as the assessment of the metrical features (crystal symmetry and lattice parameters), nowadays accessible by powerful crystallographic software. Here, the complete indexing of 13 monophasic samples, prepared using literature or newly tailored crystallization methods, jointly to simultaneous thermogravimetric and calorimetric analyses and to variable temperature X-ray diffraction studies, provide a clear picture of the stability fields of the different crystal phases and their mutual interconversion processes, leading, in a few cases, to new and unexpected crystalline polymorphs or solvates of the pristine unsolvated Form I.
Removal Mechanism Investigation of Ultraviolet Induced Nanoparticle Colloid Jet Machining
Authors: Song Xiaozong , Gao Gui
Published: December 2020

Ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining is a new ultra-precision machining technology utilizing the reaction between nanoparticles and the surface of the workpiece to achieve sub-nanometer ultra-smooth surface manufacturing without damage. First-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) were carried out to study the atomic material removal mechanism of nanoparticle colloid jet machining and a series of impacting and polishing experiments were conducted to verify the mechanism. New chemical bonds of Ti-O-Si were generated through the chemical adsorption between the surface adsorbed hydroxyl groups of the TiO2 cluster and the Si surface with the adsorption energy of at least −4.360 eV. The two Si-Si back bonds were broken preferentially and the Si atom was removed in the separation process of TiO2 cluster from the Si surface realizing the atomic material removal. A layer of adsorbed TiO2 nanoparticles was detected on the Si surface after 3 min of fixed-point injection of an ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that Ti-O-Si bonds were formed between TiO2 nanoparticles and Si surface corresponding to the calculation result. An ultra-smooth Si workpiece with a roughness of Rq 0.791 nm was obtained by ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining.
Chemical and Genotypic Variations in Aniba rosiodora from the Brazilian Amazon Forest
Authors: Amazonas Diana R. , Oliveira Celso , Barata Lauro E. S. , Tepe Eric J. , Kato Massuo J. , Mourão Rosa H. V. , Yamaguchi Lydia F.
Published: December 2020

Aniba rosiodora has been exploited since the end of the nineteenth century for its essential oil, a valuable ingredient in the perfumery industry. This species occurs mainly in Northern South America, and the morphological similarity among different Aniba species often leads to misidentification, which impacts the consistency of products obtained from these plants. Hence, we compared the profiles of volatile organic compounds (essential oils) and non-volatile organic compounds (methanolic extracts) of two populations of A. rosiodora from the RESEX and FLONA conservation units, which are separated by the Tapajós River in Western Pará State. The phytochemical profile indicated a substantial difference between the two populations: samples from RESEX present α-phellandrene (22.8%) and linalool (39.6%) in their essential oil composition, while samples from FLONA contain mainly linalool (83.7%). The comparison between phytochemical profiles and phylogenetic data indicates a clear difference, implying genetic distinction between these populations.
Application of Nanoparticles Alleviates Heavy Metals Stress and Promotes Plant Growth: An Overview
Authors: Zhou Pingfan , Adeel Muhammad , Shakoor Noman , Guo Manlin , Hao Yi , Azeem Imran , Li Mingshu , Liu Mengyuan , Rui Yukui
Published: December 2020

Nanotechnology is playing a significant role in addressing a vast range of environmental challenges by providing innovative and effective solutions. Heavy metal (HM) contamination has gained considerable attention in recent years due their rapidly increasing concentrations in agricultural soil. Due to their unique physiochemical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) can be effectively applied for stress alleviation. In this review, we explore the current status of the literature regarding nano-enabled agriculture retrieved from the Web of Science databases and published from January 2010 to November 2020, with most of our sources spanning the past five years. We briefly discuss uptake and transport mechanisms, application methods (soil, hydroponic and foliar), exposure concentrations, and their impact on plant growth and development. The current literature contained sufficient information about NPs behavior in plants in the presence of pollutants, highlighting the alleviation mechanism to overcome the HM stress. Furthermore, we present a broad overview of recent advances regarding HM stress and the possible mechanism of interaction between NPs and HM in the agricultural system. Additionally, this review article will be supportive for the understanding of phytoremediation and micro-remediation of contaminated soils and also highlights the future research needs for the combined application of NPs in the soil for sustainable agriculture.
Design and Synthesis of Multi-Functional Superparamagnetic Core-Gold Shell Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan and Folate for Targeted Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Al-Musawi Sharafaldin , Albukhaty Salim , Al-Karagoly Hassan , Almalki Faizah
Published: December 2020

A dual-targeting nanomedicine composed of pH-sensitive superparamagnetic iron oxide core-gold shell SPION@Au, chitosan (CS), and folate (FA) was developed as a doxorubicin (DOX) antitumor medication. Microemulsion was used for preparation and cross-linking conjugation. The characteristics of the designed nanocomposite were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared SPION@Au-CS-DOX-FA nanoparticles (NPs) were spherical with an average diameter of 102.6 ± 7 nm and displayed an elevated drug loading behavior and sustained drug release capacity. The SPION@Au-CS-DOX-FA NPs revealed long term anti-cancer efficacy due to their cytotoxic effect and apoptotic inducing efficiency in SkBr3 cell lines. Additionally, Real-time PCR outcomes significantly showed an increase in BAK and BAX expression and a decrease in BCL-XL and BCL-2. In vivo results revealed that SPION@Au significantly decreased the tumor size in treated mice through magnetization. In conclusion, prepared SPION@Au-CS-DOX-FA could be a beneficial drug formulation for clinical breast cancer treatment.
The Role of Skin-to-Skin Contact and Breastfeeding on Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Almutairi Wedad M. , Ludington Susan M. , Quinn Griffin Mary T. , Burant Christopher J. , Al-Zahrani Ahlam E. , Alshareef Fatmah H. , Badr Hanan A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives: were to (a) determine incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in all women delivering between 2009 and 2015, and (b) determine the amount of Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) and duration of the third stage of labor in each subgroup for women with or without PPH, and (c) compare EBL and duration of 3rd stage of labor between subgroups in groups of women with or without PPH. Design: A retrospective chart review conducted using codes for atonic PPH. Setting: Records from a University based tertiary setting, 264 charts were reviewed and data from 154 charts were analyzed. One-way ANOVAs followed with post-hocs and a 2-way ANOVA were conducted. Results: PPH rate increased by 47.50% from 2009–2015. For women with PPH, EBL was lower in skin to skin contact (SSC) + Breastfeeding (BF) subgroup. For women without PPH, EBL was lower in SSC only subgroup. Third stage of labor duration was longer in women with PPH. Conclusions: Study confirmed the increasing trends of PPH due to uterine atony and proposed role of SSC and BF in decreasing EBL and shorten the duration of the 3rd stage of labor for PPH women, usefulness of SSC and BF as physiologic practices merit further study.
Peptide ELISA and FRET-qPCR Identified a Significantly Higher Prevalence of Chlamydia suis in Domestic Pigs Than in Feral Swine from the State of Alabama, USA
Authors: Hoque Md Monirul , Adekanmbi Folasade , Barua Subarna , Rahman Kh. Shamsur , Aida Virginia , Anderson Brian , Poudel Anil , Kalalah Anwar , Bolds Sara , Madere Steven , Kitchens Steven , Price Stuart , Brown Vienna , Lockaby B. Graeme , Kyriakis Constantinos S. , Kaltenboeck Bernhard , Wang Chengming
Published: December 2020

Chlamydia suis is an important, highly prevalent, and diverse obligate intracellular pathogen infecting pigs. In order to investigate the prevalence and diversity of C. suis in the U.S., 276 whole blood samples from feral swine were collected as well as 109 fecal swabs and 60 whole blood samples from domestic pigs. C. suis-specific peptide ELISA identified anti-C. suis antibodies in 13.0% of the blood of feral swine (26/276) and 80.0% of the domestic pigs (48/60). FRET-qPCR and DNA sequencing found C. suis DNA in 99.1% of the fecal swabs (108/109) and 21.7% of the whole blood (13/60) of the domestic pigs, but not in any of the assayed blood samples (0/267) in feral swine. Phylogenetic comparison of partial C. suis ompA gene sequences and C. suis-specific multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) revealed significant genetic diversity of the C. suis identified in this study. Highly genetically diverse C. suis strains are prevalent in domestic pigs in the USA. As crowding strongly enhances the frequency and intensity of highly prevalent Chlamydia infections in animals, less population density in feral swine than in domestic pigs may explain the significantly lower C. suis prevalence in feral swine. A future study is warranted to obtain C. suis DNA from feral swine to perform genetic diversity of C. suis between commercial and feral pigs.
Binaural Heterophasic Superdirective Beamforming
Authors: Wang Yuzhu , Chen Jingdong , Benesty Jacob , Jin Jilu , Huang Gongping
Published: December 2020

The superdirective beamformer, while attractive for processing broadband acoustic signals, often suffers from the problem of white noise amplification. So, its application requires well-designed acoustic arrays with sensors of extremely low self-noise level, which is difficult if not impossible to attain. In this paper, a new binaural superdirective beamformer is proposed, which is divided into two sub-beamformers. Based on studies and facts in psychoacoustics, these two filters are designed in such a way that they are orthogonal to each other to make the white noise components in the binaural beamforming outputs incoherent while maximizing the output interaural coherence of the diffuse noise, which is important for the brain to localize the sound source of interest. As a result, the signal of interest in the binaural superdirective beamformer’s outputs is in phase but the white noise components in the outputs are random phase, so the human auditory system can better separate the acoustic signal of interest from white noise by listening to the outputs of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the derived binaural superdirective beamformer is superior to its conventional monaural counterpart.
Modular Approach for Odometry Localization Method for Vehicles with Increased Maneuverability
Authors: Han Chenlei , Frey Michael , Gauterin Frank
Published: December 2020

Localization and navigation not only serve to provide positioning and route guidance information for users, but also are important inputs for vehicle control. This paper investigates the possibility of using odometry to estimate the position and orientation of a vehicle with a wheel individual steering system in omnidirectional parking maneuvers. Vehicle models and sensors have been identified for this application. Several odometry versions are designed using a modular approach, which was developed in this paper to help users to design state estimators. Different odometry versions have been implemented and validated both in the simulation environment and in real driving tests. The evaluated results show that the versions using more models and using state variables in models provide both more accurate and more robust estimation.
The Study of Aviation Safe Incapacitating Device Based on LED Technology with a Smart-Illumination Sensor Unit
Authors: Leuchter Jan , Hon Lukas , Bloudicek Radim , Balaz Teodor , Blasch Erik
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with a design and implementation of optical defensive device for protection of aviation personnel. The design is built on the basic characteristics of human eyesight, illumination sensing of the environment, and microcontroller implementation for adaptation over sensed power, flash duration, and person distance. The aviation safe LED-based optical dazzler equipment (ASLODE) utilizes light emitting diode (LED) technology implemented with constant current regulators to control several modes of effects based on situational sensing. The temporarily incapacitating device can be extended by means of real-time illumination sensing to improve power efficiency and reach the highest level of safety. The smart pulse sets the flashing frequency from 8Hz for high-level light intensities and up to 20 Hz in low-level lighting conditions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ASLODE device over numerous experiments with controlled onboard aircraft scenarios that adapt the energy, flash rate, and processing to the sensed environmental illumination to meet aviation hygienic standards for people without eyesight defects.
Assessing MMA Welding Process Stability Using Machine Vision-Based Arc Features Tracking System
Authors: Jamrozik Wojciech , Górka Jacek
Published: December 2020

Arc length is a crucial parameter of the manual metal arc (MMA) welding process, as it influences the arc voltage and the resulting welded joint. In the MMA method, the process’ stability is mainly controlled by the skills of a welder. According to that, giving the feedback about the arc length as well as the welding speed to the welder is a valuable property at the stage of weld training and in the production of welded elements. The proposed solution is based on the application of relatively cheap Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) cameras to track the welding electrode tip and to estimate the geometrical properties of welding arc. All measured parameters are varying during welding. To validate the results of image processing, arc voltage was measured as a reference value describing in some part the process stability.
Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify and Quantify Multiple Behaviours in Dairy Calves Using a Sensor: Moving beyond Classification in Precision Livestock
Authors: Carslake Charles , Vázquez-Diosdado Jorge A. , Kaler Jasmeet
Published: December 2020

Previous research has shown that sensors monitoring lying behaviours and feeding can detect early signs of ill health in calves. There is evidence to suggest that monitoring change in a single behaviour might not be enough for disease prediction. In calves, multiple behaviours such as locomotor play, self-grooming, feeding and activity whilst lying are likely to be informative. However, these behaviours can occur rarely in the real world, which means simply counting behaviours based on the prediction of a classifier can lead to overestimation. Here, we equipped thirteen pre-weaned dairy calves with collar-mounted sensors and monitored their behaviour with video cameras. Behavioural observations were recorded and merged with sensor signals. Features were calculated for 1–10-s windows and an AdaBoost ensemble learning algorithm implemented to classify behaviours. Finally, we developed an adjusted count quantification algorithm to predict the prevalence of locomotor play behaviour on a test dataset with low true prevalence (0.27%). Our algorithm identified locomotor play (99.73% accuracy), self-grooming (98.18% accuracy), ruminating (94.47% accuracy), non-nutritive suckling (94.96% accuracy), nutritive suckling (96.44% accuracy), active lying (90.38% accuracy) and non-active lying (90.38% accuracy). Our results detail recommended sampling frequencies, feature selection and window size. The quantification estimates of locomotor play behaviour were highly correlated with the true prevalence (0.97; p < 0.001) with a total overestimation of 18.97%. This study is the first to implement machine learning approaches for multi-class behaviour identification as well as behaviour quantification in calves. This has potential to contribute towards new insights to evaluate the health and welfare in calves by use of wearable sensors.
Ultrasensitive Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Labels
Authors: Koyappayil Aneesh , Lee Min-Ho
Published: December 2020

Since the fabrication of the first electrochemical biosensor by Leland C. Clark in 1956, various labeled and label-free sensors have been reported for the detection of biomolecules. Labels such as nanoparticles, enzymes, Quantum dots, redox-active molecules, low dimensional carbon materials, etc. have been employed for the detection of biomolecules. Because of the absence of cross-reaction and highly selective detection, labeled biosensors are advantageous and preferred over label-free biosensors. The biosensors with labels depend mainly on optical, magnetic, electrical, and mechanical principles. Labels combined with electrochemical techniques resulted in the selective and sensitive determination of biomolecules. The present review focuses on categorizing the advancement and advantages of different labeling methods applied simultaneously with the electrochemical techniques in the past few decades.
ExerSense: Physical Exercise Recognition and Counting Algorithm from Wearables Robust to Positioning
Authors: Ishii Shun , Yokokubo Anna , Luimula Mika , Lopez Guillaume
Published: December 2020

Wearable devices are currently popular for fitness tracking. However, these general usage devices only can track limited and prespecified exercises. In our previous work, we introduced ExerSense that segments, classifies, and counts multiple physical exercises in real-time based on a correlation method. It also can track user-specified exercises collected only one motion in advance. This paper is the extension of that work. We collected acceleration data for five types of regular exercises by four different wearable devices. To find the best accurate device and its position for multiple exercise recognition, we conducted 50 times random validations. Our result shows the robustness of ExerSense, working well with various devices. Among the four general usage devices, the chest-mounted sensor is the best for our target exercises, and the upper-arm-mounted smartphone is a close second. The wrist-mounted smartwatch is third, and the worst one is the ear-mounted sensor.
Changes in Consumer Behaviour in the Post-COVID-19 Era in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Jo Hanghun , Shin Eunha , Kim Heungsoon
Published: December 2020

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Korean government promoted strong social distancing policies and restricted the use of confined areas and spaces that are likely to cause widespread infection, including religious facilities. The policies affect the consumption behaviours of Korean citizens. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the consumer behaviours of citizens following the outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea. Using credit card data from January to June 2020 in Seoul, this study examines the changes in consumption by industry type. Consumption types were classified into education, wholesale and retail, online purchases, food service, leisure, and travel. The industry that was most affected was the travel industry, which did not recover following the decline in consumption due to COVID-19. To examine consumer changes in credit card transactions due to widespread infection, a correlation analysis was conducted between the amount of consumption according to credit card transaction data (card consumption) and the number of confirmed patients and policy implementation by step. For more detailed analyses, group infections in the Guro-gu and Yongsan-gu neighbourhoods were investigated. In Guro-gu, no significant results were found in the area experiencing massive group infection. In Yongsan-gu, a significant negative correlation in consumption and number of cases was found in Itaewon 1-dong, an area with mass infection, and a positive correlation was found in the surrounding areas. Nevertheless, no significant correlations between changes in consumer behaviours and effects of COVID-19 were found as a result of the analysis herein.
Water Resource Carrying Capacity Based on Water Demand Prediction in Chang-Ji Economic Circle
Authors: Wang Ge , Xiao Changlai , Qi Zhiwei , Liang Xiujuan , Meng Fanao , Sun Ying
Published: December 2020

In view of the large spatial difference in water resources, the water shortage and deterioration of water quality in the Chang-Ji Economic Circle located in northeast China, the water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) from the perspective of time and space is evaluated. We combine the gray correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models to quantitatively predict water supply and demand in different planning years, which provide the basis for quantitative analysis of the WRCC. The selection of research indicators also considers the interaction of social economy, water resources, and water environment. Combined with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the gray correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the WRCC under different social development plans. The developmental trends were obtained from 2017 to 2030 using four plans designed for distinct purposes. It can be seen that the utilization of water resource is unreasonable now and maintains a poor level under a business-as-usual Plan I. Plan II and Plan III show that resource-based water shortage is the most critical issue in this region, and poor water quality cannot be ignored either. Compared with Plan I, the average index of WRCC in Plan IV increased by 51.8% and over 84% of the regions maintain a good level. Strengthening sewage treatment and properly using transit water resources are more conducive to the rapid development of Chang-Ji Economic Circle.
Assessing the Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency of Green Infrastructure Practices on Surface Runoff Reduction at an Urban Watershed in China
Authors: Li Fazhi , Chen Jingqiu , Engel Bernard A. , Liu Yaoze , Wang Shizhong , Sun Hua
Published: December 2020

Studies on the assessment of green infrastructure (GI) practice implementation effect and cost efficiency on an urban watershed scale helps the GI practice selection and investment decisions for sponge city construction in China. However, few studies have been conducted for these topics at present. In this study, the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment—Low Impact Development (L-THIA-LID) 2.1 model was applied to assess the effectiveness and cost efficiency of GI practices on surface runoff volume reduction in an urban watershed—the Hexi watershed, Nanjing City, China. Grassed swales, bioretentions, green roofs, rain cisterns, permeable pavements, wet ponds, dry ponds, and wetlands were chosen as potential GI practices for sponge city construction based on feasibility analysis. Results showed that grassed swales were the most cost-effective practice (0.7 CNY/m3/yr), but the total implementation effect of grassed swales was not obvious due to the small area of suitable locations. Permeable pavements performed best on runoff reduction, but the cost efficiency was much lower. Correspondingly, bioretentions were compromise practices. Green roofs were the least cost-effective practices, with the cost efficiency at 122.3 CNY/m3/yr, but it was much lower for rain cisterns, which were 3.2 CNY/m3/yr. Wet ponds, dry ponds, and wetlands were potential practices implemented in development areas, of which dry ponds were the most cost-effective (2.7 CNY/m3/yr), followed by wet ponds (10.9 CNY/m3/yr). The annual runoff volume of the total area could be reduced by up to 47.01% by implementing GI practices in buildup areas. Rain cisterns (RC) and permeable pavements (PP) were the best combination for this area, and bioretentions (BR) and green roofs (GR) followed. Grassed swales (GS1), dry ponds (DP), wet ponds (WP), and wetlands (WL) were not wise choices due to the small suitable location areas. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of the L-THIA-LID 2.1 model for the evaluation of GI practice implementation effects and cost efficiency on urban runoff in sponge city construction in China.
METHOD OF DETERMINING WIND LOADS AND IMPACTS USING THE SOFTWARE
Authors:   Federal state budget educational of higher education ‘National research Moscow state university of civil engineering’, RIMSHIN V.I. , TRUNTOV P.S. ,   Federal state budget educational of higher education ‘National research Moscow state university of civil engineering’, KETSKO E.S. ,   Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy Architecture and  Construction Sciences, KUZINA I.S. ,   Federal state budget educational of higher education ‘National research Moscow state university of civil engineering’
Published: December 2020

The current study considers a multifunctional high security residential complex. The study was conducted as part of the scientific and technical support for the design of the construction project. The compliance of design and survey documentation with the established requirements is usually a result of scientific and technical support of design. The methodology of determining wind loans and impacts is implemented with the help of a software package named SOFiSTiK. This software is capable of performing computations of stationary and non-stationary wind loans. Aerodynamic coefficients of drag and lateral force, as well as average pressure values were found as a result of applying the methodology in question. Also, patterns of medium pressure propagation on the surface of facade systems and patterns of medium-velocity fields of the complex were determined.
STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ANALYSIS BASED ON P-BOXES
Authors:   Vologda State University, SOLOVYEV S.A.
Published: December 2020

The article describes a method for reliability (probability of non-failure) analysis of structural elements based on p-boxes. An algorithm for constructing two p-blocks is shown. First p-box is used in the absence of information about the probability distribution shape of a random variable. Second p-box is used for a certain probability distribution function but with inaccurate (interval) function parameters. The algorithm for reliability analysis is presented on a numerical example of the reliability analysis for a flexural wooden beam by wood strength criterion. The result of the reliability analysis is an interval of the non-failure probability boundaries. Recommendations are given for narrowing the reliability boundaries which can reduce epistemic uncertainty. On the basis of the proposed approach, particular methods for reliability analysis for any structural elements can be developed. Design equations are given for a comprehensive assessment of the structural element reliability as a system taking into account all the criteria of limit states.
IMPACT OF FINE DUST ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN LOCAL CONSTRUCTION
Authors:   Don State Technical University, MANZHILEVSKAYA S.E.
Published: December 2020

The environmental protection is not only an important social problem, but also an efficiency increasing factor of construction operations. This article describes the practical effect of air pollution during the construction site of buildings, which are situated in Rostov-on-Don. Nowadays the limitation of air pollution emissions from construction operations is regulated by a number of normative documents, but civil designers, unfortunately, do not always meet the regulation of emissions in full obedience in the construction operating for a number of reasons. The correct environmental impact assessment from construction is possible, taking into account the sequence and simultaneity of the operations. It is especially important for the construction taken place on the territory of cities. According to the study, a set of measures for air pollution reduction was developed. Such measures can reduce the air pollution by 1.5-2 times.
ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SANDY CLAY BRICKS WITH CEMENT MIX
Authors:   Pokhara University, THAPA PHARAM SINGH , LAMICHHANE GOVIND PRASAD ,   Pokhara University
Published: December 2020

In order to contribute to the sustainability of the brick construction sector, this work studied the formation of economic and environment friendly sandy clay brick. Therefore, the goal was set to be developed, a “sandy clay brick with cement mix”, which has more structural durability, less weight, low cost, together with high performance with respect to indoor air quality. In this research, variation on soil – cement brick with gradual increase in cement content replacing soil material and how the soil- cement brick may be studied using soil and cement as binder by fulfilling the requirement of National Building Code (NBC). The water cement ratio was kept controlled and all other material properties used were same. The effect was seen on compressive strength because the 28 days strength of brick is slightly more when soil is replaced by 15% cement content then no replacement of soil by cement strength. Taking about 11 samples starting from 0 % to 50 % cement content it was found that sandy clay soil – cement brick with compressive strength up to 23.44 MPa with traditional value may be achieved.
Manevi/Dini Danışmanlıkta Değer Algısı
Authors: CEYLAN Yılmaz , ÖZAYDIN Muharrem
Published: December 2020

Tarım toplumundan sanayi toplumuna geçiş, endüstriyel kapitalizm, teknolojik gelişmeler ve eğitim seviyesinin yükselmesi insanların kişisel yaşamlarında pek çok değişime ve dönüşüme neden olmuştur. Bu keskin değişim ve dönüşüm, bütün dünyada üstesinden gelinemeyecek huzursuzluklara ve buhranlara neden olmuştur. Neticesinde modern seküler danışmanlığın üstesinden gelmeye çalıştığı ancak başarılı olmadığı alanlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu anlamda manevi danışmanlık önemli bir alan olarak gündeme gelmiştir. Manevi danışmanlık insanın problemlerine dini, ahlaki ve manevi değerler çerçevesinde çözüm bulmak için disiplinler arası bir çalışma öngörür. Bu amaçla manevi danışmanlık ve manevi danışmanların bu süre zarfında yaygınlaştığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı manevi danışman olarak çalışan bireylerin değer algısını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla Muş ve Elâzığ’da farklı kurumlarda manevi danışman olarak çalışan yedi kişiyle mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenine göre yapılmış ve veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış soruların yer aldığı bir görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, manevi danışmanlıktaki temel amacın bireylerin manevi değer ihtiyaçlarını, değerleri merkezine koyan manevi danışmanlık süreciyle karşılamak olduğu görülmüştür.
Integrated Landing Gear Control Loop as a Means of Increasing the Stability and Controllability of Aircraft of Unconventional Schemes when Moving on the Ground
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Smagin A.A. , Dolgov O.S. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: December 2020

The paper proposes an approach to solving the problems of stability and controllability of aircraft of the aerodynamic «flying wing» scheme from the point of view of movement on the ground, which consists in combining landing gear systems into an automated integrated control loop. The analysis of the features of movement on the ground is carried out, the disadvantages and boundaries of the application of the existing control methods are indicated. The construction of a dynamic aircraft model for virtual testing of control algorithms is described. The conclusion is made about the practical advantages that are expected as a result of the introduction of an integral control loop for chassis systems.
Quality Management of De-Icing Liquid as an Object for Ensuring Safe Take-Off of an Aircraft
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Dolgov O.S. , Safoklov B.B. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the possibility of the evolution of quality control of an object of ground anti-icing physicochemical treatment of the surface of an aircraft – anti-icing fluids, in «Quality management – an anti-icing fluid as an object of ensuring the safe takeoff of an aircraft.» The definition – «The quality of the anti-icing fluid» has been formulated. Introduced, as a functional, the concept of «Quality of anti-icing fluid at the stage of AIT», for integration into the system «Quality management of anti-icing fluid» – on the basis of knowledge bases about the IAF as a set of all properties expected by the operator. For the implementation of information software support for the AIT process, the concept of «Regeloscopic program of ground anti-icing protection of aircraft» was introduced, on the basis of which a functional model was presented for building a strategy for processing and protection of aircraft from ground-based icing in accordance with modern requirements for airlines – «Security. Profitability. Environmental friendliness».
Micrometer-scale WS2 atomic layers grown by alkali metal free gas-source chemical vapor deposition with H2S and WF6 precursors
Authors: Okada Mitsuhiro , Okada Naoya , Chang Wen-Hsin , Shimizu Tetsuo , Kubo Toshitaka , Ishihara Masatou , Irisawa Toshifumi
Published: December 2020

Scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of two-dimensional semiconducting materials such as MoS2 and WS2 is a key technology for the application of these materials in real devices. In this work, we demonstrate the growth behavior of WS2 crystals from gaseous precursors, i.e. H2S and WF6, under alkali-metal-free conditions. The WS2 crystal growth exhibits layer-by-layer growth, and its behaviors, such as nucleation and lateral growth, are a thermally activated process: the temperature-dependent grain size and density are well fitted by the Arrhenius equation. The obtained WS2 crystal shows quality comparable to that obtained from metal oxides: the WS2 film shows sharp photoluminescence with a peak width of 54 meV and n-type field-effect transistor operation. Optimizing the growth conditions enabled us to obtain WS2 crystals with a grain size of ∼1.5 μm, which is the largest size ever reported for a transition-metal dichalcogenide grown by gas-source CVD without an alkali-metal promotor.
ZrS2 symmetrical-ambipolar FETs with near-midgap TiN film for both top-gate electrode and Schottky-barrier contact
Authors: Hamada Masaya , Matsuura Kentaro , Hamada Takuya , Muneta Iriya , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Tsutsui Kazuo , Wakabayashi Hitoshi
Published: December 2020

ZrS2 amibipolar MISFETs are obtained in operations with both electrons and holes. A layered polycrystalline ZrS2 thin film was formed by sputtering and sulfur-vapor annealing on a whole surface of a 2.4 cm × 2.4 cm SiO2/Si substrate. The ZrS2 FETs have Al2O3 gate insulator and TiN film for both the top-gate electrode and Schottky-barrier contact, which show symmetrical I
d–V
gs curves with a V
off of 0.4 V contributed by the TiN film with midgap work function to the sputtered ZrS2 film. Notably, ambipolar FET operations because of both electrons and holes were successfully observed with an on/off current ratio of 250. This is an important step to realize n/p-type unipolar ZrS2 FETs.
Gamma-ray irradiation effects on CdTe solar cell dosimeter
Authors: Okamoto Tamotsu , Igari Tomoya , Fukui Takahiro , Tozawa Ryuto , Gotoh Yasuhito , Sato Nobuhiro , Okuno Yasuki , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Imaizumi Mitsuru , Akiyoshi Masafumi
Published: December 2020

Compact and radiation-tolerant radiation dosimeter without bias voltage application using solar cells such as CdTe was proposed for severe radiation environment near a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. In this work, γ-ray tolerance and γ-ray detection characteristics of CdTe solar cells were investigated. It was found that the CdTe solar cell has sufficient tolerance against γ-ray exposure up to 3 MGy. It was demonstrated that γ-ray induced current density linearly increased with increasing γ-ray intensity in the range up to approximately 1.5 kGy h−1. This result indicates that high dose-rate radiation detection can be performed using solar cells without voltage application. In addition, γ-ray sensitivity was successfully improved by a stack of CdTe solar cells with parallel connections. Furthermore, γ rays can be detected with high responsivity and small noise even under a high flux neutron environment.
Indium oxide and indium-tin-oxide channel ferroelectric gate thin film transistors with yttrium doped hafnium-zirconium dioxide gate insulator prepared by chemical solution process
Authors: Mohit  , Miyasako Takaaki , Tokumitsu Eisuke
Published: December 2020

Ferroelectric gate transistor (FGT) with yttrium doped hafnium-zirconium dioxide (Y-HZO) gate insulator and oxide channel with various thicknesses of In2O3 and ITO were fabricated by chemical solution deposition. First, ferroelectric properties of Y-HZO in the metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor structure with 5–22 nm thick In2O3 and 6–24 nm thick ITO, have been confirmed by polarization–voltage and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics. The C–V curves showed clear butterfly loops showing the depletion of In2O3 and ITO layer. Secondly, the device performance of FGTs has been evaluated with various thicknesses of In2O3 and ITO channel layer. The fabricated FGTs exhibited typical n-channel transistor operation with a counterclockwise hysteresis loop due to the ferroelectric nature of the Y-HZO-gate insulator. It was found that FGT shows a low subthreshold voltage swing, high on/off drain current ratio of 106, large on current, and memory window.
Ion conductive character of low-yttria-content yttria-stabilized zirconia at low temperature
Authors: Nishimura Tomonori , Kojima Toshiya , Nagashio Kosuke , Niwa Masaaki
Published: December 2020

In this work, we discuss ion conductive character of low-Y2O3-content yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystallized into high-symmetric phase (cubic and/or tetragonal phases) at relatively low temperature. Low-Y2O3-content YSZ was certainly stabilized into high-symmetric phase by extreme thinning down to around 10 nm. We analyzed the impedance response from ultra-thin YSZ films in metal/insulator/metal (MIM) capacitor measured in the temperature range of 30 °C–440 °C. It is expected that a characteristic kink on Nyquist-diagram is correlated to the conductivity of inner grain of the YSZ. The activation energy for ion conduction is monotonically reduced with decreasing Y2O3 content, whereas the conductivity still exhibits the highest value at certain Y2O3 content.
Passivation mechanism of the high-performance titanium oxide carrier-selective contacts on crystalline silicon studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Gotoh Kazuhiro , Miura Hiroyuki , Shimizu Ayako , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Usami Noritaka
Published: December 2020

Variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis is performed to study the impact of post-deposition annealing on the passivation performance of the heterocontacts consisting of titanium oxide and silicon oxide on crystalline silicon (c-Si) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the development of high-performance ALD-TiO
x
/SiO
y
/c-Si heterocontacts. The highest lifetime of 1.8 ms is obtained for the TiO
x
/SiO
y
/c-Si heterocontacts grown at 175 °C after annealing at 275 °C for 3 min. With increasing annealing temperature, the TiO
x
layers of the TiO
x
/SiO
y
/c-Si heterocontacts become dominant. Furthermore, the amplitude of dielectric functions of the ALD-TiO
x
layer decreases as annealing temperature increases, which suggests that enhanced diffusion of Ti into SiO
y
interlayers at higher annealing temperature. The sufficient diffusion of Ti atoms into SiO
y
interlayers is caused by annealing at 275 °C for 3 min, yielding high-quality interface passivation.
Temperature dependence of resistivity increases induced by thiols adsorption in gold nanosheets
Authors: Kato Taro , Tanaka Takahisa , Yajima Takeaki , Uchida Ken
Published: December 2020

By utilizing stable thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold (Au) nanosheets, we investigated the temperature dependence of the amount of resistivity increases

Δ

ρ

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by SAM modification.

Δ

ρ

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increased with increasing temperature from 5 to 375 K in all the measured nanosheets for various thicknesses (9–20 nm). We consider from the DFT calculation that the temperature dependence originates from unoccupied states of sulfur atoms above the Fermi level of Au. The available unoccupied states increase at higher temperatures, which enhances scattering rates and thus increases the resistivity. Furthermore, we calculated the temperature dependence of

Δ

ρ

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using the Bloch–Grüneisen theory and Fuchs–Sondheimer (FS) model. Based on the results, we conclude that for ultra-thin metal films, the temperature-dependent specularity parameter

P

T

which represents the fraction of electrons scattered specularly should be introduced into the conventional FS model to predict

Δ

ρ

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over a wide temperature range.
Reduction of order of device Hamiltonian with adaptive moment estimation
Authors: Okada Jo , Hashimoto Futo , Mori Nobuya
Published: December 2020

We propose an equivalent model of simple form suitable for using in a computer program. The model reduces the order of device Hamiltonian and reproduces a narrow transport window of a target band-structure calculated by an atomistic model. We implemented the model with the adaptive moment estimation and the automatic differentiation technique by using an end-to-end open-source platform for machine learning. We tested the equivalent model on semiconducting nanoribbon and nanowire structures, and confirmed that it correctly reproduces not only the band-structures but also the ballistic transmission functions calculated by the non-equilibrium Green's function method.
AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice photocathode grown by molecular beam epitaxy: correspondence between room temperature photoluminescence and quantum efficiency
Authors: Morita Iori , Ishikawa Fumitaro , Honda Anna , Sato Daiki , Koizumi Atsushi , Nishitani Tomohiro , Tabuchi Masao
Published: December 2020

The semiconductor photocathode with AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice structures, which is a highly durable electron beam source with low energy dispersion, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The sample showed a step-like quantum efficiency spectrum of photoelectron emission, indicating its applicability to photocathodes. The optimization of room temperature photoluminescence provides the improvement of the photocathode quantum efficiency up to 0.5%, promising for its further improvement and realistic applications.
AN OVERVIEW OF COMMERCE EDUCATION IN INDIA
Authors: Dr. Dhanraj Jain  , Dr. Jatan Kanwar Jain
Published: December 2020

Generally Commerce includes exchange of goods and services and the things which ease them. In India commerce education is playing an important role in boosting the economy. Commerce students get the places in various sectors like banking, insurance, finance, foreign trade etc. So it is very important to focus on this issue. Some serious threats are arising for the commerce education now days like rising unemployment among commerce students, outdated syllabus etc. Important studies and literature has been reviewed to get the real picture. It has been found that students are losing interest towards the commerce education. This paper can be a good attempt to draw attention towards opportunities, challenges and future of commerce education in India.
KEY WORDS: Commerce Education, Higher Education, Education System, Education in India, Education