bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Analgesia Transversus Abdominis Plane Block-Ketorolac Combination being Superior to Paracetamol-Ketorolac as Postoperative Pain Management after Cesarean Section in an Indonesian Hospital
Authors: Isngadi  , Basuki Djudjuk R. , Nofiyanto Eko , Laksono Ristiawan M.
Published: February 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the outcome of multimodal analgesia using transversus abdominis plane block combined with ketorolac and multimodal analgesia oral paracetamol combined with ketorolac in postoperative pain after cesarean section.

Background:

Post-caesarean section pain resulted in prolonged recovery time, inhibited early breastfeeding initiation, and prolonged hospitalization. Multimodal analgesia is an important component of post-cesarean section pain management but has not been established in many Indonesian hospitals.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective, observational analytic study on 46 patients who received low-dose sub-arachnoid block anesthesia. A total of 24 subjects received bilateral transversus abdominis plane block employing ultrasonography-guided lateral approach, with Ropivacaine 0.25% in a total volume of 30cc combined with intravenous ketorolac 30 mg/8 h (Group B). A total of 22 subjects received oral paracetamol 500 mg/6 h combined with intravenous ketorolac 30 mg/8 h (Group A). Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), length of hospitalization, and mobilization time were analyzed using the T-test at a significance level of p<0.05 (confidence interval of 95%).

Results:

The NRS and mean time to start mobilization of patients who received transversus abdominis plane block combined with ketorolac were significantly better than patients who received paracetamol combined with ketorolac (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization between the two techniques (p>0.05). Both modalities resulted in improvement in pain intensity over the mild pain range.

Conclusion:

Multimodal analgesia transversus abdominis plane block combined with ketorolac is superior to paracetamol combined with ketorolac for postoperative pain management after cesarean section.
Progress in Catalytic Decarboxylative Oxidative C-H Alkynylation
Authors: Panda Biswajit
Published: February 2022

Alkyne carboxylic acid derivatives are stable, non-toxic, inexpensive, and commercially available. They are prevalent intermediates for various synthetic transformations. In recent years, decarboxylative oxidative alkynylation reactions involving direct C−H bond activation of diverse carbo- and hetero-cycles with alkyne carboxylic acid have attracted more and more interest from the synthetic community. The joy and challenges of direct oxidative decarboxylative alkynylation have been discussed in detail to enlighten this highly emerging area. More emphasis is being placed on the fascinating implementation and advancement of various methods for the formation of C(SP2)-C(SP) bonds. This short review mainly focuses on developments of the decarboxylative oxidative alkynylation reaction, considering the uniqueness of each protocol by highlighting the substrate scope, selectivity, and yields in conjunction with mechanistic insights.
Optimized Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of a Poorly
Soluble Drug: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Versus Nanostructured Lipid
Carriers
Authors: Darwish Manal K.M. , El-Enin Amal S.M. Abu , Mohammed Kamilia H.A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Rosuvastatin calcium (ROSCa) is an anti-hyperlipidemic drug with only
20% oral bioavailability due to its low solubility and high first-pass metabolism. Therefore, the
main purpose of this work was to compare solid lipid nanoparticles to nanostructured lipid carriers
and evaluate their effect on solubility improvement and hence the bioavailability of a model insoluble
drug.

Methodology:

Different nanosuspensions were formulated using high-speed homogenization and
ultrasonication techniques, using Apifil as solid lipid and Maisine as liquid lipid. The effect of
different variables on quality attributes (particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and in vitro release)
was studied using the Box-Behnken design. Then, the optimized nanoparticles were lyophilized,
filled into capsules, and evaluated. Finally, the optimized formula was clinically evaluated in
six healthy human volunteers.

Results:

It was observed that the variables had a great impact on EE and particle size. Nanoparticles
showed maximum particles of 180.3 nm, and % EE ranged from 40.77% to 91.67%. Capsules
loaded with NLCs were found to be more stable than those loaded with SLNs. The clinical study
of NLCs-ROSCa showed an enhancement in the C max (8.92 ng/ml) compared to the commercial
product (2.56 ng/ml) with approximately 349% relative bioavailability.

Conclusion:

ROSCa was successfully encapsulated in SLNs and NLCs. The optimized NLCs
formulation showed improved quality attributes compared to SLNs. Thus, NLCs loaded formulations
could be an effective oral drug delivery system to enhance the bioavailability of insoluble
drugs.
WITHDRAWN: Smart Trends: Liposome-Based Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment and its Applications
Authors: Khatoon Rizwana , Huda Shamsul , Alam Md. Aftab
Published: February 2022

Liposomes are spherical vesicles containing one or more bilayers of phospholipids discovered by Dr. Alec D. Bangham in 1961. In the field of medicine, the discovery of liposomes drug delivery technology has produced incredible progress. Liposomes have become famous as versatile drug carrier systems due to various properties such as their biocompatibility, efficacy, capability targeting, and increased effectiveness in vivo. Reduced systemic toxicity, monitored and maintained drug release and increased features of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drugs. Many methods can be used for the preparation of liposomes (like- Thin lipid film hydration technique, French pressure cell technique, etc.). The liposomes are considered with respect to physical, chemical, and biological factors. The sizing of liposomes is also a critical parameter which helps describe the liposome which is usually performed via sequential extrusion at relatively low pressure through a polycarbonate membrane (PCM). Current generation of liposomes such as magnetic loaded liposomes, ATP loaded liposome’s, Stealth loaded liposomes, and Hemoglobin (Haemosomes) loaded liposomes are formulated. The present field of liposomes concentrations in both clinical and diagnostic applications. The present study will explain the advantages, components of liposomes, methods of preparing, characterization, and implementation of liposomes in therapy for cancer.
impact, importance, types, and use of non-verbal communication in social relations
Authors: Grillo Helena Mukli , Enesi Miranda
Published: February 2022

The problem of today's social and economic developments is based on communicative relations, which are the main factor in the development of human society. Most of all, the recent changes in communication reports proved how important communication is in achieving the goals not only of the speaker but also of society. Human society's important means of communication in all its types and dimensions, the relationship and mutual influence of these types are becoming more and more obvious. Over the years, different language schools have dealt with different approaches on the importance, cognition, and functionality of communication, not only linguistic but also non-linguistic, communication that does not rely on different grammatical tools and forms, or structured language, but also on the linguistic, or nonverbal element. Today's controversies in linguistics raise issues of meaning and significance, which often come from questions: 'What does it mean? 'However, the concept of meaning is not confused with communication. When we talk about communication, we refer to the process through which, someone conveys something, to someone else. The full realization of this process includes not only linguistic factors but also social and cultural ones.
use of reflective journals in professional development
Authors: Vujnovic M. Loncar , Medic B.
Published: February 2022

Much of the education literature places improving teacher professionalism at the context of any educational improvement. Researchers in education have built their arguments on the assumptions that increasing student performance requires fostering professional growth for teachers. A key aspect of a teacher's applying learning in an authentic professional development context is reflection. Analysis of reflective journals also shows how student teachers grew and interacted with others in the learning community. So it's no wonder that professional developers have implemented many Professional Development programs in their effort to bring out positive change in education and improvement. Undoubtedly, the success of any professional development effort largely depends on the readiness and willingness of the teachers. In this article, I argue that based on such a premise and approach professional development will hardly yield any positive results. Drawing on existing literature, the concept of teachers as reflective practitioners will be incorporated into the theme to encourage them to incorporate reflection into daily teaching practices. By doing so, teachers will adopt an autonomous approach to professional development that makes it easier for them to participate in the lifelong learning process.
RANCANG BANGUN INFUSE FLUIDA DETECTOR UNTUK PASIEN ICU MENGGUNAKAN METODE WSN (WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK)
Authors: Habibie Robi Yusuf , Adriansyah Andi
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients really need more attention in their care because usually these patients suffer from serious illnesses. In handling it must also pay attention to the administration of fluids in the form of infusions that must be controlled according to the doctor's directions. Therefore, this study will discuss the infusion method detection system for ICU patients using the XKC-Y26-PNP sensor with wireless communication using a Wi-Fi network and sending notifications via a telegram application that can be accessed by the room nurse or patient waiting so that later they can remind them. to the room nurse if the fluid has not been replaced. This study aims to develop a fall detection device with the NodeMCU ESP82666 controller, which will then be sent a notification via Telegram. The study concluded that this device can detect the presence of fluid in the infusion bottle accurately if the infusion bottle is empty, the main processor will immediately send a notification to the Telegram Bot that has been created and sound a buzzer as a reminder to replace the infusion fluid by the practitioner as soon as possible.ABSTRAK:Pasien ICU (Intensive Care Unit) sangat membutuhkan perhatian lebih dalam perawatannya karena biasanya pasien tersebut menderita penyakit yang cukup serius. Dalam penanganannya harus pula diperhatikan pemberian cairan berupa infus yang harus dikontrol sesuai dengan arahan dokter.  Oleh karena itu penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai sistem pendeteksi caran infus untuk pasien ICU menggunakan sensor XKC-Y26-PNP dengan komunikasi secara wireless memanfaatkan jaringan Wi-Fi dan mengirimkan notifikasi pada telegram yang dapat diakses oleh perawat ruangan atau penunggu pasien agar nantinya dapat mengingatkan kepada perawat ruangan apabila cairan belum diganti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pendeteksi jatuh dengan kendali NodeMCU ESP82666 selanjutnya akan dikirim notifikasi melalui Telegram. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perangkat ini dapat mendeteksi keberadaan cairan pada botol infus secara akurat apabila cairan botol infus kosong maka main prosesor akan segera mengirimkan notifikasi pada Bot Telegram yang sudah dibuat dan membunyikan buzzer sebagai pengingat agar cairan infus diganti oleh praktisi segera mungkin.
PROTOTYPE SMART AUTONOMOUS CAR BERBASIS DEEP LEARNING DENGAN SISTEM PENCEGAH KECELAKAAN
Authors: Pradityarahman Yusuf , Hestiwi Dewanti Indri , Al-Mustaqim Fariz , Hakim Muhammad Luthfi
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:Land transportation is dominated in its use to suffice the needs of the community in Indonesia. One type of land transportation that is most used is a car. The development of Smart Autonomous Car Prototype based on Deep Learning with Accident Prevention System aims to overcome the high rate of car accidents, which has the driver as the most cause. The research method used Research and Development with a sequential linear or waterfall model. The research stages consist of literature study, system design, implementation or manufacture, and testing. The Smart Autonomous Car prototype uses the Jetson nano and Arduino nano as the main components and also uses deep learning with the YOLOX and EfficientNet model in its technology.ABSTRAK:Penggunaan transportasi darat di Indonesia mendominasi dalam hal pemenuhan kebutuhan di masyarakat. Salah satu jenis transportasi darat yang banyak digunakan adalah mobil. Pembuatan Prototype Smart Autonomous Car berbasis Deep Learning dengan Sistem Pencegah Kecelakaan bertujuan untuk mengatasi tingginya tingkat kecelakaan mobil yang penyebab terbesarnya adalah pengemudi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development atau penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model sequential linear atau waterfall. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari study literature, perancangan sistem, implementasi atau pembuatan, serta pengujian. Prototype Smart Autonomous Car menggunakan Jetson nano dan Arduino nano sebagai komponen utamanya, serta menggunakan deep learning berupa model YOLOX dan EfficientNet dalam teknologinya.
The Effect of Online Health Information Seeking on Physician-Patient Relationships: Systematic Review
Authors: Luo Aijing , Qin Lu , Yuan Yifeng , Yang Zhengzijin , Liu Fei , Huang Panhao , Xie Wenzhao
Published: February 2022

Background

The internet has now become part of human life and is constantly changing people's way of life. With the increasing popularity of online health information (OHI), it has been found that OHI can affect the physician-patient relationship by influencing patient behaviors.

Objective

This study aims to systematically investigate the impact of OHI-seeking behavior on the physician-patient relationship.

Methods

Literature retrieval was conducted on 4 databases (Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed), and the time limit for literature publication was before August 1, 2021.

Results

We selected 53 target papers (42 [79%] English papers and 11 [21%] Chinese papers) that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 31 (58%) papers believe that patients’ OHI behavior can enable them to participate in their own medical care, improve patient compliance, and improve the physician-patient relationship. In addition, 14 (26%) papers maintain a neutral attitude, some believing that OHI behavior has no significant effect on doctors and patients and others believing that due to changes in the factors affecting OHI behavior, they will have a negative or a positive impact. Furthermore, 8 (15%) papers believe that OHI search behavior has a negative impact on doctors and patients, while 6 (11%) papers show that OHI reduces Chinese patients’ trust in doctors.

Conclusions

Our main findings showed that (1) OHI-seeking behavior has an impact on patients' psychology, behavior, and evaluation of doctors; (2) whether patients choose to discuss OHI with doctors has different effects on the physician-patient relationship; and (3) the negative impact of OHI on China’s internet users is worthy of attention. Due to the low quality of OHI, poor health information literacy, short physician-patient communication time, and various types of negative news, patients' trust in doctors has declined, thus affecting the physician-patient relationship. Improvement of people's health information literacy and the quality of OHI are important factors that promote the positive impact of OHI on the physician-patient relationship.
The Evolution of Public Sentiments During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Comparisons of India, Singapore, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Authors: Lwin May O , Sheldenkar Anita , Lu Jiahui , Schulz Peter Johannes , Shin Wonsun , Panchapakesan Chitra , Gupta Raj Kumar , Yang Yinping
Published: February 2022

Background

Public sentiments are an important indicator of crisis response, with the need to balance exigency without adding to panic or projecting overconfidence. Given the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have enacted various nationwide measures against the disease with social media platforms providing the previously unparalleled communication space for the global populations.

Objective

This research aims to examine and provide a macro-level narrative of the evolution of public sentiments on social media at national levels, by comparing Twitter data from India, Singapore, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States during the current pandemic.

Methods

A total of 67,363,091 Twitter posts on COVID-19 from January 28, 2020, to April 28, 2021, were analyzed from the 5 countries with “wuhan,” “corona,” “nCov,” and “covid” as search keywords. Change in sentiments (“very negative,” “negative,” “neutral or mixed,” “positive,” “very positive”) were compared between countries in connection with disease milestones and public health directives.

Results

Country-specific assessments show that negative sentiments were predominant across all 5 countries during the initial period of the global pandemic. However, positive sentiments encompassing hope, resilience, and support arose at differing intensities across the 5 countries, particularly in Asian countries. In the next stage of the pandemic, India, Singapore, and South Korea faced escalating waves of COVID-19 cases, resulting in negative sentiments, but positive sentiments appeared simultaneously. In contrast, although negative sentiments in the United Kingdom and the United States increased substantially after the declaration of a national public emergency, strong parallel positive sentiments were slow to surface.

Conclusions

Our findings on sentiments across countries facing similar outbreak concerns suggest potential associations between government response actions both in terms of policy and communications, and public sentiment trends. Overall, a more concerted approach to government crisis communication appears to be associated with more stable and less volatile public sentiments over the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Arnoldi-Lindblad time evolution: Faster-than-the-clock algorithm for the spectrum of time-independent and Floquet open quantum systems
Authors: Minganti Fabrizio , Huybrechts Dolf
Published: February 2022

The characterization of open quantum systems is a central and recurring problem for the development of quantum technologies. For time-independent systems, an (often unique) steady state describes the average physics once all the transient processes have faded out, but interesting quantum properties can emerge at intermediate timescales. Given a Lindblad master equation, these properties are encoded in the spectrum of the Liouvillian whose diagonalization, however, is a challenge even for small-size quantum systems. Here, we propose a new method to efficiently provide the Liouvillian spectral decomposition. We call this method an Arnoldi-Lindblad time evolution, because it exploits the algebraic properties of the Liouvillian superoperator to efficiently construct a basis for the Arnoldi iteration problem. The advantage of our method is double: (i) It provides a faster-than-the-clock method to efficiently obtain the steady state, meaning that it produces the steady state through time evolution shorter than needed for the system to reach stationarity. (ii) It retrieves the low-lying spectral properties of the Liouvillian with a minimal overhead, allowing to determine both which quantum properties emerge and for how long they can be observed in a system. This method is general and model-independent, and lends itself to the study of large systems where the determination of the Liouvillian spectrum can be numerically demanding but the time evolution of the density matrix is still doable. Our results can be extended to time evolution with a time-dependent Liouvillian. In particular, our method works for Floquet (i.e., periodically driven) systems, where it allows not only to construct the Floquet map for the slow-decaying processes, but also to retrieve the stroboscopic steady state and the eigenspectrum of the Floquet map. Although the method can be applied to any Lindbladian evolution (spin, fermions, bosons, …), for the sake of simplicity we demonstrate the efficiency of our method on several examples of coupled bosonic resonators (as a particular example). Our method outperforms other diagonalization techniques and retrieves the Liouvillian low-lying spectrum even for system sizes for which it would be impossible to perform exact diagonalization.
Linguagem e expressão na música
Authors: Barbosa Ricardo
Published: February 2022

O artigo é orientado pela hipótese metodológica de que problemas centrais da estética da música – como o é o caso do problema da expressão – se deixam compreender melhor à luz das relações entre música e linguagem. Na primeira parte, procuramos mostrar em perspectiva histórica como a concepção de expressão varia sintomaticamente de acordo com as diferentes visões acerca de tais relações. Essa análise histórico-sistemática conecta nossa hipótese metodológica a uma hipótese teórica, desenvolvida na segunda parte: a de que o conceito de expressão não é um simples conceito empírico e sim um conceito constitutivo, do qual, no entanto, fazemos um uso regulativo na medida em que emprestamos nossa competência comunicativa a objetos como as peças musicais.
¿Demagogia de la democracia liberal o inclusión educativa? un sofisma de la modernidad pedagógica o una posibilidad para reinventar la escuela
Authors: Betancur Cruz Luis Bernardo
Published: February 2022

En la actualidad se acepta de forma unánime la necesidad y la importancia de reconocer la diferencia (social, física y psicológica), así como de velar por ella en el marco de valoración que a nivel político, educativo y social se le ha dado a quienes históricamente han sido marginados o segregados de la posibilidad de disfrutar de condiciones de vida óptimas; entre otras cosas, de oportunidades laborales y educativas. El presente documento cuestiona este ideal y plantea que la inclusión, bandera de las democracias actuales y de los ideales políticos sobre el reconocimiento a la diferencia, es parte de un discurso que intenta darle reconocimientos políticos y jurídicos a la diferencia. Sin embargo, instituciones, como la escuela, distan mucho de velar por ese reconocimiento desde sus prácticas pedagógicas porque directa e indirectamente fomentan la segregación de personas con alguna dificultad física, social o psicológica. Por lo tanto, el siguiente artículo explora desde un acercamiento historiográfico y sociológico el tema de la diversidad y la diferencia. Se hace un análisis desde la relación entre la condición ética del individuo y las lógicas económicas, que se expresan en los constructos culturales a través de las prácticas cotidianas; constructos y prácticas que según Michel Foucault hacen parte del diseño y aplicación de unas tecnologías del cuerpo, que limitan el comportamiento de los individuos, así como sus estructuras mentales. Dentro de este análisis, la escuela y la formación escolar ocupan un lugar importante, porque parte del presente documento también concentra una preocupación pedagógica. Por lo tanto, el siguiente artículo explora desde un acercamiento historiográfico y sociológico el tema de la diversidad y la diferencia, analizándola desde la relación entre la condición ética del individuo y las lógicas económicas que se expresan en los constructos culturales a través de las prácticas cotidianas, constructos y prácticas que según Michel Foucault hacen parte del diseño y aplicación de unas tecnologías del cuerpo, que le pone límites al comportamiento de los individuos, así como a sus estructuras mentales. Dentro de este análisis, la escuela y la formación escolar ocupan un lugar importante porque parte del presente documento también concentra una preocupación pedagógica.
La historia local, la historia regional y la microhistoria como experiencia y posibilidad para la historia pública
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro
Published: February 2022

Este artículo contribuye al conocimiento de la historia pública a partir del quehacer de la historia local y de la historia regional. De la misma manera, reconoce las limitaciones, alcances y posibilidades de articulación y análisis de la historia local y regional con la historia general. Asimismo, presenta reflexiones teóricas y metodológicas que establecen diferencias y complementariedades, entre estas dos alternativas de hacer historia, que se orientan al estudio de unidades de análisis de lo singular colectivo. También se incluye un apartado sobre la microhistoria, sus posibilidades de articulación con la historia general, sus relaciones y diferencias con la historia local y regional y su quehacer como historia pública.
¿Qué podemos aprender los científicos sociales de Freud y sus herederos? Una aproximación al psicoanálisis como herramienta para las ciencias sociales
Authors: Ocampo Murillo Juan Sebastián
Published: February 2022

El siguiente artículo es una reflexión cuya finalidad descansa en analizar algunos de los postulados de la teoría psicoanalítica de Sigmund Freud y las posibilidades metodológicas que ofrece para las diversas disciplinas al interior de las ciencias sociales. Se van a exhibir las aserciones más importantes del médico austriaco en relación con el vínculo inexorable que se construye entre el aparato psíquico (con su respectiva evolución) y la formación de estamentos, normas e instituciones sociales. Es menester exponer estas cristalizaciones teóricas en aras de poder elucidar, al menos desde una perspectiva concreta, cómo se han fraguado los procesos más importantes en la constitución de la civilización a través de la historia. Posteriormente, se va a explicar un concepto que es de suma relevancia como lo es el de la «ideología», a través de dos declarados herederos de Freud, Althusser y Žižek.
Anotaciones para una historia de los fenómenos de felicidad en Colombia: segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX
Authors: Durán Maturana Yonatan
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo se propone presentar algunos fenómenos de felicidad en la vida social y política del Nuevo Reino de Granada en el contexto de la eclosión que se experimenta en el siglo xviii el interés público y político por la búsqueda de la felicidad. Para ello, primero se expone el marco interpretativo de partida. Luego, se describe el «complejo anecdótico» considerando algunos fenómenos de felicidad, manteniendo la tesis de que la búsqueda de la felicidad pública surge en capas altas e ilustradas del Antiguo Régimen y se proyecta en círculos concéntricos a través de las organizaciones totalizadoras de la época.
Day vs. night non-invasive respiratory intervention during post-acute care hospitalization
Authors: O'Brien Jane , Dumas Helene , Hughes M. Laurette , Ryan Brittany , Kharasch Virginia
Published: February 2022

Objective To compare daytime and nighttime use and outcome for
non-invasive respiratory intervention (NIRI) during initial admission to
a pediatric post-acute care hospital (PACH). Method Retrospective
examination of initial PACH admissions (October 2018 through September
2020) for infants and children requiring NIRI during the day and night.
Measures included: 1) Demographics (e.g. age, diagnostic group); 2)
Daytime and nighttime NIRI type (supplemental oxygen therapy via low
flow nasal cannula or positive airway pressure (PAP) via high-flow nasal
cannula, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or biphasic
positive airway pressure (BiPAP) at admission and discharge; and 3)
Outcome (reduction, increase, or no change) in NIRI support for daytime
and nighttime from admission to discharge. Results Thirty-eight infants
and children (mean age=3.64 years; premature infants, n=20, other
diagnoses, n=18) were included. For the total sample (n=38), daytime vs.
nighttime NIRI type was significantly different (p<.001). At
both admission and discharge, supplemental oxygen was the most common
NIRI during the day, while PAP was most common at night. From admission
to discharge, 7 (18%) children had a positive change (reduced NIRI)
during the day, while 9 (24%) had a positive change at night. At
discharge, 11/38 (29%) children required no daytime NIRI, while 4/38
(11%) required no day or night NIRI. Conclusion NIRI type differs
between day and night at PACH admission and discharge. Reductions in
NIRI were achieved during the day and at night from PACH admission to
discharge for premature infants and for children with congenital or
neurological diagnoses.
THE INTERSTITIUM (THE PRE-LYMPHATIC REGION), IS IT A NEWFOUND 'ORGAN'
Authors:   Dept. of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Mubarak Hayder
Published: February 2022

Many of the human anatomists wouldn't expect to discover a new body part, however, researchers claim that they found a network of fluid-filled spaces in connective tissues all over the body that hadn't been seen before and it acts like an "open, fluid-filled highway" that is supported by a lattice of thick collagen "bundles". The researchers stated that tissue fixation during the procedure of histological tissue processing causes collapse of this network of fluid-filled spaces, and these spaces were not seen during light microscopic examination till the new imaging technique were developed to allow examination of living tissues on a microscopic level. Keywords: Interstitium, anatomy, neworgan, cancer Citation: Mubarak HJ. The Interstitium (the pre-lymphatic region), is it a newfound 'organ'. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(3): 230-231. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.3.1
DETECTION OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN WITH CHEST INFECTION: A COMPARISON OF REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR TECHNIQUE TO CHROMATOGRAPHIC IMMUNOASSAY AND ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
Authors:   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Shuwaikh Arwa , Ali Suha ,   Dept. Al Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq,, Arif Hala ,   Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of viral lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children less than 2 years old. Multiple methods are used for the laboratory diagnosis of hRSV infections, including chromatographic immunoassay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for detection hRSV-antigens, hRSV-antibodies and hRSV-RNA, respectively. Objective: To compare the efficiency of three diagnostic methods in detection of hRSV in infants and young children with chest infection. Methods: This study included 100 hospitalized infants and young children (39 females and 61 males) aged from (1) month to (24) months, their mean age (6.87 ± 6.03) months, who required hospital admission at the Pediatric Department in Al-Imamein AL-Kadhimein Medical City Hospital, Central Teaching Pediatric Hospital, and Al-Kadhimiya Pediatric Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq. Samples were collected over a three-month winter period from January 2017 to April 2017. Fresh nasal swab specimens were collected and testes for hRSV antigens by using chromatographic immunoassay as a rapid test, in addition, nasopharyngeal/throat swabs specimens were processed for detection of hRSV-RNA by RT-PCR, both for direct detection. Also, ELISA was done to measure anti-hRSV IgM antibodies in serum for indirect detection of RSV infection. Results: hRSV was found to be positive in (27%), (56%) and (44%) of specimens by rapid chromatographic immunoassay, ELISA and RT-PCR technique, respectively. Comparing with RT-PCR, the sensitivity of rapid test was (59.09%) ranged from (44.41) to (72.31) and the specificity was (98.21%) ranged from (90.55) to (99.91) with likelihood ratio equal to (33.09), while the sensitivity of ELISA test was (75.61%) ranged from (60.66) to (86.17) and specificity was (59.62%) ranged from (46.07) to (71.84) with likelihood ratio equals to (1.87). Conclusion: The RT-PCR technique was more sensitive than antigen or antibody detection methods for the diagnosis of hRSV Keywords: hRSV, rapid chromatographic immunoassay, ELISA, RT-PCR Citation: Al-Shuwaikh AMA, Ali SH, Arif HS. Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and young children with chest infection: a comparison of reverse transcription-PCR technique to chromatographic immunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(3): 319-326. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.3.11
NISSL STAIN EXPRESSION IN THE FRONTAL AND PARIETAL CORTICES OF THE NEWBORN MICE AFTER PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO KETAMINE
Authors: Najm Mohanad , Mubarak Hayder ,   Dept. of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Jarullah Hussein ,   Dept. of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocking agent, which is used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It affects the cerebral cortex and has an impact on learning and memory functions; suggesting that any changes in NMDA receptors function will have an adverse outcome on learning and memory abilities. Objective: To assess the histological changes in the frontal and parietal cortices of mice offspring’s after prenatal exposure to therapeutic doses of ketamine. Methods: Thirty pregnant mice were included in this study. They were divided into two groups named experimental and control groups (15 mice for each group). Those of experimental group were injected intraperitoneally with ketamine in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day on the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th days of gestational age to showing effect of the ketamine after injection of it in all trimesters of pregnancy, while those of the control group were injected with distal water only with the same volume. The paraffin block sections of frontal and parietal cerebral cortices of newborn mice were stained by nissl stain. Results: In the control group, the mean number of Nissl stained cells in the frontal cortex showed a statistically significant increase compared to that of parietal cortex, while statistical non-significant decrease in the mean number of nissel stained cells of frontal cortex compared to that of parietal cortex. Conclusion: Iatrogenic apoptotic changes were seen in the cerebral cortex of the experimental mice after prenatal exposure to ketamine and it is more considerable in the frontal cortex than the parietal cortex. Keywords: Frontal cortex, parietal cortex, ketamine, nissl stain, development Citation: Najm MS, Mubarak HJ, Jarullah HA. Nissl stain expression in the frontal and parietal cortices of the newborn mice after prenatal exposure to ketamine. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(3): 268-278. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.3.6
LIQUID BIOPSY- A NEW PROSPECT
Authors:   Dept. of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Mahdi Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Tissue biopsy has been the mainstay in tumor diagnosis for centuries. But due to its invasiveness and the heterogeneity of tumors there was a need for an alternative or adjuvant techniques to diagnose and assess tumors. Liquid biopsy is emerging as a new technique that will open the way for the diagnosis, tumor characterization, assess disease prognosis and individualize treatment options in cancer patients. Keywords:Biopsy, CTC, ctDNA Citation: Mahdi AK. Liquid biopsy - A new prospect. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(4): 353-356. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.4.1
HODGKIN DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Abbas Sawsan , Ali Ruaa ,   Dept. of Pediatrics, Al-Imamein AlKadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a malignant process involving the lympho-reticular system that accounts for 6% of childhood cancers. Infectious agents may be involved, such as human herpes virus 6, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Infection with EBV confers a 4-fold higher risk of developing HL. Objective: To have an idea about the mode of presentation, pathological subtypes, treatment applied and outcome in one center in our country. Methods: A retrospective study was done whereby twenty cases were collected from the Pediatric Oncology Clinic in Al-Imamein AL-Kadhimein Medical City over a period of ten years from the first of January 2007 – end of December 2016. Information was taken from the patient’s records in the Pediatric Oncology Clinic including age at presentation, sex, physical finding, histopathological subtypes, staging , treatment applied and outcome. Results: Among the studied group, 14 cases (70%) were males and 6 cases (30%) were females, male: female ratio equal to 2.3:1, rang of age was between 5-12 years with a peak age at presentation was between 5-7 years, 12 cases (60%). The initial presentation was an enlarged cervical lymph node in 19 of them (95%), histopathologically, most of the patients had mixed cellularity subtype, 9 cases (45%), stage II and stage III comprise the majority of cases 9 cases (45%), 6 cases (30%) respectively, B symptoms were reported in 7 cases (35%). Chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment with good response and remission, 17 cases (85%). Three cases refractory to treatment (15%) with no response, no death was reported. Conclusion: Male predominance was noticed with younger age group at presentation. The majority presented with enlarged cervical lymph node. Although mixed cellularity was encountered in most of the patients, the response to chemotherapy was good. Rituximab can be used along with chemotherapy for refractory cases and for lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Keywords: Hodgkin Disease , Children Citation: Abbas SA, Ali RH. Hodgkin disease in Children. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(4): 424-429. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.4.10
Belirsiz Yük Koşullarında Bir Dek Sisteminin Pratik Radyal Dağıtımlı Besleyicide Tekno-ekonomik ve Çevresel Analizi
Authors: FRRI Abdulbarı Alı Mohamed , GUNESER Muhammet Tahir
Published: February 2022

Bu makale, Rüzgar Enerji Santralleri (RES), Elektrikli Araçlar (EV'ler) ve Fotovoltaik Güneş Enerji Santralleri (FVGES) gibi çeşitli Dağıtılmış Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının (DEK'ler) şebekeye mümkün olan en uyumlu şekilde yüklenmesini ve aynı zamanda işletme giderlerini, ısıl jeneratörler tarafından üretilen kirliliği ve toplam şebeke güç kaybını azaltmayı tartışmaktadır. Bu planlanmış hedeflere ve faydalara ulaşmak için çok amaçlı bir işlev yapılandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 24 saatlik bir süre boyunca değişen yük talepleri altında dağıtım enerji sistemi üzerindeki etkiyi analiz etmek için Dağıtılmış Enerji Kaynaklarının farklı hesaplama modelleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, dağıtılmış şebekenin yoğun olmayan/yoğun olduğu saatlerde elektrikli otomobillerin boşaltma/şarj modeli de dikkate alınmıştır. DEK şebekelerinin kabarık olmayan ve süreksiz yapısı nedeniyle, sistemin optimizasyonu için çok amaçlı Karga Arama Algoritması kullanılmıştır.
Microstructure profile on selected-traditional Indonesian herbal powder
Authors: Mulachelah Naqiyah A. , Wibowo Syahputra , Widyarti Sri , Sumitro Sutiman B.
Published: February 2022

Jamu is well known as traditional herbal medicine that has been used by Indonesian for centuries ago. Local people usually consume jamu for maintaining health and therapy diseases because it is cheaper and has less side effects. Scientific approach needs to be done to study the characteristic of the herbals. This research aims to characterize Indonesian herbal medicine based on microstructure using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The samples for this research are rosela flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia), and celebes pepper (Piper crocatum). The infusion method preparation was carried out. The mixture was processed further by a freeze-drying method to obtain a powder form. SEM was utilized to capture the herbal powder image. Size of distribution and surface roughness were analysed by ImageJ and Origin Pro 8 on SEM images. The size measurement result showed that infused Rosella has the biggest grain (53.5 µm), followed by lime (43.8 µm), ginger (41.2 µm) and celebes pepper (38.4 µm). The surface roughness results showed that the roughest samples of all is ginger (Ra = 64.417), followed by lime (Ra = 58.761), celebes pepper (Ra = 43.589), and rosella (Ra = 30.855). In conclusion, based on its size measurement result, celebes pepper is the most soluble and has the highest bioavailability, followed by ginger, lime, and rosella. According to its surface roughness, celebes pepper also showed the most soluble compared to other samples, followed by lime, ginger and rosella.
Edukasi Bahaya Sampah Plastik pada Perairan dan Biota Laut di Sekolah Alam, Pantai Bajulmati, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur
Authors: Aliviyanti Dian , Kasitowati Rarasrum Dyah , Yona Defri , Semedi Bambang , Rudianto Rudianto , Asadi Muhammad Arif , Isdianto Andik , Dewi Citra Satrya Utama
Published: February 2022

Plastic is one of the most common pollutants found in marine waters. The direct negative impact of plastic waste on marine organisms is causing blockages in the digestive tract if eaten either intentionally or unintentionally. One of the efforts to reduce plastic waste is to build public awareness and readiness to actively participate in solving the problem of plastic waste. Therefore, Marine Science Study Program, FFMS, Universitas Brawijaya is dedicated to provide education about the dangers of plastic waste for aquatic communities and marine biota at a pioneering nature school for the Bajulmati Sea Turtle Conservation (BSTC) community in Bajulmati Beach, Malang Regency, East Java. In general, community service activities take place in online and offline manner. The educational methods given to students are a participatory and collaborative learning method, namely by providing an understanding of the material through class discussions and practical waste sorting activities in the field. The results of educational activities on the dangers of plastic waste can increase public knowledge and awareness, especially students at the BSTC nature school so that later it will have an effect on wiser plastic use behavior. Through this activity, it is expected that the resulted knowledge and awareness can foster a sense of love for the environment and can also affect a better use of plastic.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Pyridine-Based Chalcones with Dimeric Structure
Authors:   Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jln Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia, Lai Pui-Mun , Ha Sie-Tiong ,   Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jln Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Published: February 2022

Three new heterocyclic chalcones containing pyridine moiety were synthesized and their chemical structures were determined via IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. General name of these compounds are α,ω-bis{3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-(phenyl-4-oxy)prop-2-en-1-one}alkanes. The chalcones are dimers having a symmetrical structure and they can be differed by the alkyl spacer length (CnH2n, where n = 8, 10 or 12). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique was employed to study their phase transition behaviors. DSC thermograms displayed direct isotropization and recrystallization during heating and cooling processes, respectively. The crystal phase turned into isotropic phase without exhibiting any mesophase. Influence of structure-liquid crystalline property relationships of the symmetrical dimers was examined in order to explain the reasons for the non-liquid crystalline properties in the current chalcones.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand (Imine of Benzidine and 1,10-Phenanthroline) Complexes with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Ions
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq, Hassan Zainab M. , Alattar Rawaa A. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq, Abass Suhad Kareem ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq, Mihsen Hayder Hamied ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq, Abbas Zainab Fadhil ,   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq, Hussain Khalid A. ,   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
Published: February 2022

In this paper, binuclear metal complexes of the metal ions Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) were synthesized by the reaction of the primary ligand (imine of benzidine) (H2L) and the secondary ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) (L`) with these metal ions in a molar ratio of 1:2:2, respectively. The complexes were characterized using CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, 1H NMR, and TGA-DTA thermogravimetric analysis. According to the results obtained from the elemental analysis and spectral measurements where complexes of Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) have octahedral geometry, while the complex with Cu(II) has a square planar geometry. All the prepared complexes are wholly stable and can keep for months without any significant change. The antibacterial activities of the prepared compounds were evaluated with regard to two bacteria species, gram-negative Proteus and Kelbsiella, by using diffusion agar plates. The inhibition zone diameter around the holes indicated the sensitivity of the bacteria to these compounds, where the Klebsiella bacteria were revealed to be more highly sensitive to these compounds than Proteus bacteria. All synthesized complexes showed more significant effects against Kelbsiella and Protea than the antibiotic (Amikacin).