bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel “Inside‐Out” Intraocular Nanomedicine Delivery Mode for Nanomaterials’ Biological Effect Enhanced Choroidal Neovascularization Occlusion and Microenvironment Regulation
Authors: Jin Yingying , Guo Yishun , Yang Jianhua , Chu Xiaoying , Huang Xiaomin , Wang Qingying , Zeng Yanlin , Su Lili , Lu Si , Wang Chenyang , Yang Jie , Qu Jia , Yang Yingwei , Wang Bailiang
Published: December 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly used in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treatment due to the superior light transmittance of the eye. However, PDT often leads to surrounding tissue damage and further microenvironmental deterioration, including exacerbated hypoxia, inflammation, and secondary neovascularization. In this work, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and Au NPs decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoplatform is developed to load indocyanine green for precise PDT and microenvironment amelioration, which can penetrate the internal limiting membrane through Müller cells endocytosis and target to CNV by surface‐grafted cyclo(Arg–Gly–Asp–d‐Phe–Lys) after intravitreal injection. The excessive H2O2 in the CNV microenvironment is catalyzed by catalase‐like Pt NPs for hypoxia relief and enhanced PDT occlusion of neovascular. Meanwhile, Au NPs show significant anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenesis properties in regulating macrophages and blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared with verteporfin treatment, the mRNA expressions of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and VEGF in the nanoplatform group are downregulated by 90.2% and 81.7%, respectively. Therefore, the nanoplatform realizes a comprehensive CNV treatment effect based on the high drug loading capacity and biosafety. The CNV treatment mode developed in this work provides a valuable reference for treating other diseases with similar physiological barriers that limit drug delivery and similar microenvironment.
Symmetry‐Guaranteed High Carrier Mobility in Quasi‐2D Thermoelectric Semiconductors
Authors: Zheng Sikang , Xiao Shijuan , Peng Kunling , Pan Yu , Yang Xiaolong , Lu Xu , Han Guang , Zhang Bin , Zhou Zizhen , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: December 2022

Quasi‐2D semiconductors have garnered immense research interest for next‐generation electronics and thermoelectrics due to their unique structural, mechanical, and transport properties. However, most quasi‐2D semiconductors experimentally synthesized so far have relatively low carrier mobility, preventing the achievement of exceptional power output. To break through this obstacle, a route is proposed based on the crystal symmetry arguments to facilitate the charge transport of quasi‐2D semiconductors, in which the horizontal mirror symmetry is found to vanish the electron–phonon coupling strength mediated by phonons with purely out‐of‐plane vibrational vectors. This is demonstrated in ZrBeSi‐type quasi‐2D systems, where the representative sample Ba1.01AgSb shows a high room‐temperature hole mobility of 344 cm2 V−1 S−1, a record value among quasi‐2D polycrystalline thermoelectrics. Accompanied by intrinsically low thermal conductivity, an excellent p‐type zT of ≈1.3 is reached at 1012 K, which is the highest value in ZrBeSi‐type compounds. This work uncovers the relation between electron–phonon coupling and crystal symmetry in quasi‐2D systems, which broadens the horizon to develop high mobility semiconductors for electronic and energy conversion applications.
Selective Topography Directed Cell Adhesion on Spider Silk Surfaces
Authors: Lentz Sarah , Trossmann Vanessa Tanja , Scheibel Thomas
Published: December 2022

For tissue engineering applications, guided cell interaction with a biomaterial surface is one essential feature since, in natural tissue, cells constantly interact with their extracellular matrix, which provides different topographical, mechanical and biochemical stimuli. Therefore, the introduction of topographical surface features is one promising approach to direct material‐cell interactions. In this study, maskless lithography and soft lithographic methods are used to produce recombinant spider silk films with size gradient patterns, including grooves, circles, squares, triangles, and stars, to enhance specific cell attachment. The influence of surface features on cell behavior is analyzed using eight different cell lines. It can be shown that surface indentations provide cellular attachment sites and guiding structures for restructuring, aligning, and adopting cell morphology, with a relation of cell to feature size for some of the cell lines investigated. Therefore, specific topographical surface modifications can be used to guide selective cell adhesion, allowing the generation of tissue‐specifically modified implant surfaces in the future.
Combinatorial Vacuum‐Deposition of Wide Bandgap Perovskite Films and Solar Cells
Authors: Susic Isidora , Kama Adi , Gil‐Escrig Lidón , Dreessen Chris , Palazon Francisco , Cahen David , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J.
Published: December 2022

The development of vacuum‐deposited perovskite materials and devices is partially slowed down by the minor research effort in this direction, due to the high cost of the required research tools. But there is also another factor, thermal co‐deposition in high vacuum involves the simultaneous sublimation of several precursors with an overall deposition rate in the range of few Å s−1. This leads to a deposition time of hours with only a single set of process parameters per batch, hence to a long timeframe to optimize even a single perovskite composition. Here we report the combinatorial vacuum deposition of wide bandgap perovskites using 4 sources and a non‐rotating sample holder. By using small pixel substrates, more than 100 solar cells can be produced with different perovskite absorbers in a single deposition run. The materials are characterized by spatially resolved methods, including optical, morphological, and structural techniques. By fine‐tuning of the deposition rates, the gradient can be altered and the best‐performing formulations in standard depositions with rotation can be reproduced. This is viewed as an approach that can serve as a basis to prototype other compositions, overcoming the current limitations of vacuum deposition as a research tool for perovskite films.
Low Operation Voltage White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Excellent Color Stability based on Gradient‐Doping Sensitization System
Authors: Li Shuaibing , Sun Weidong , Li Xiaofang , Xia Xiaoyang , Zhou Liang
Published: December 2022

With tremendous progresses in material synthesis and device engineering, white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have achieved continuous breakthroughs in brightness and efficiencies. Regrettably, as another important index, color stability is still a thorny problem restricting the industrial development of white OLEDs. Herein, a gradient‐doping sensitization system is constructed to realize low operation voltage white OLEDs with excellent color stability by gradient doping europium complex into light‐emitting layer (EML) as sensitizer. The gradient‐doping sensitization system realizes the precise regulation of carriers’ distribution and the reasonable assignment of recombination zone in different EMLs, thus leading to low turn‐on voltage of 2.3 V and negligible chromaticity coordinates variation of (0.005, 0.002) over wide brightness range of 1000–20 000 cd m−2. Meanwhile, the obtained white OLED realizes the maximum brightness of 67 384 cd m−2, current efficiency (ηc) of 65.27 cd A−1, power efficiency (ηp) of 73.24 lm W−1, and external quantum efficiency of 29.93%. The gradient‐doping sensitization system provides an efficient and reliable strategy for designing white OLEDs with improved color stability and reduced power consumption.
Light‐Promoted Chlorine‐Radical‐Mediated Oxidation of Benzylic C(sp3)−H Bonds utilizing Air as Oxidant
Authors: Xu Ning , Peng Xiaoqing , Luo Can , Huang Lei , Wang Chaodong , Chen Zhi , Li Jianjun
Published: December 2022

A photocatalyzed metal‐free method for benzylic C(sp3)−H bond oxidation has been developed. Achieved under the mild conditions, a variety of methylarenes and benzyl derivatives could be converted into corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones, and isolated yields of 31–98% are obtained. The mechanistic investigations showed that chlorine radical could be generated via the direct single electron transfer (SET) between chloride anion and excited heteroarene under light irradiation, which could be used as hydrogen atom transfer agent to facilitate benzylic C(sp3)−H bond oxygenation. The merits of this catalytic system could be further demonstrated by the degradation of plastic to form benzoic acids.

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Boosting Hydrogen Evolution from Ammonia–Borane Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Poly(N‐Vinyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone)‐Stabilized Ruthenium‐Based Nanoclusters Catalysts
Authors: Wei Qiuhong , Liu Jiaxi , Qiu Shujun , Xia Yongpeng , Zou Yongjin , Xu Fen , Wen Xin , Huang Pengru , Sun Lixian , Chu Hailiang
Published: December 2022

The exploitation of economical and high‐efficient heterogeneous catalysts plays a vital role in ammonia‐borane (NH3BH3, AB) hydrolysis for hydrogen evolution. Herein, poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) stabilized highly dispersed Ru–Ni nanoclusters immobilized on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are successfully synthesized via in situ chemical reduction. The optimized Ru1Ni1@PVP/rGO‐1 catalyst exhibits a superior catalytic performance toward hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB for hydrogen evolution, with a low activation energy (Ea) of 21.1 kJ mol−1 and a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of 425.1 molH2 molRu−1 min−1at 298 K. Moreover, an outstanding recyclability with 82.1% of the initial catalytic activity is achieved after 20 consecutive cycles due to PVP coating that can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nanoclusters during the recycling tests. Experimental analyses and DFT calculations reveal a synergistic effect in Ru–Ni nanoclusters, resulting in a strong adsorption of AB molecules and an easy activation of water molecules on Ru–Ni nanoclusters. These findings in this study open a new avenue for a hopeful design of highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
Switching the Luminescence between TADF and RTP for Organic D‐A‐D Emitters: The Role of D‐A Connection Modes
Authors: Ali Usman , Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping
Published: December 2022

The impact of the connection modes between donor (D) and acceptor (A) on the luminescence properties is revealed for organic D‐A‐D emitters based on triphenylamine (TPA) and 9,10‐phenanthroquinone (PAQ). When TPA and PAQ are linked via a single bond, the emitters exhibit small energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (∆EST) due to the separated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) distributions, thus featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Interestingly, for the emitters with TPA and PAQ sharing a benzene ring, the ∆EST are significantly increased because of the enhanced overlap between the HOMO and LUMO, which is beneficial to realize room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Moreover, upon changing the connection from β to γ‐position, high‐lying triplet states can become energetically lower than the lowest singlet excited state, thus affording additional channels to facilitate TADF and RTP. This work sheds some light on controlling of the excited state energy level alignments via modulating the D‐A connection modes to tune molecular emission from TADF to RTP.
Blood Milieu in Acute Myocardial Infarction Reprograms Human Macrophages for Trauma Repair
Authors: Fontaine Margaux A. C. , Jin Han , Gagliardi Mick , Rousch Mat , Wijnands Erwin , Stoll Monika , Li Xiaofei , Schurgers Leon , Reutelingsperger Chris , Schalkwijk Casper , van den Akker Nynke M. S. , Molin Daniel G.M. , Gullestad Lars , Eritsland Jan , Hoffman Pavel , Skjelland Mona , Andersen Geir Ø. , Aukrust Pål , Karel Joël , Smirnov Evgueni , Halvorsen Bente , Temmerman Lieve , Biessen Erik A.L.
Published: December 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is accompanied by a systemic trauma response that impacts the whole body, including blood. This study addresses whether macrophages, key players in trauma repair, sense and respond to these changes. For this, healthy human monocyte‐derived macrophages are exposed to 20% human AMI (n = 50) or control (n = 20) serum and analyzed by transcriptional and multiparameter functional screening followed by network‐guided data interpretation and drug repurposing. Results are validated in an independent cohort at functional level (n = 47 AMI, n = 25 control) and in a public dataset. AMI serum exposure results in an overt AMI signature, enriched in debris cleaning, mitosis, and immune pathways. Moreover, gene networks associated with AMI and with poor clinical prognosis in AMI are identified. Network‐guided drug screening on the latter unveils prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling as target for clinical intervention in detrimental macrophage imprinting during AMI trauma healing. The results demonstrate pronounced context‐induced macrophage reprogramming by the AMI systemic environment, to a degree decisive for patient prognosis. This offers new opportunities for targeted intervention and optimized cardiovascular disease risk management.
Topological Surface States in a Gyroid Acoustic Crystal
Authors: Guo Yuning , Rosa Matheus I. N. , Ruzzene Massimo
Published: December 2022

The acoustic properties of an acoustic crystal consisting of acoustic channels designed according to the gyroid minimal surface embedded in a 3D rigid material are investigated. The resulting gyroid acoustic crystal is characterized by a spin‐1 Weyl and a charge‐2 Dirac degenerate points that are enforced by its nonsymmorphic symmetry. The gyroid geometry and its symmetries produce multi‐fold topological degeneracies that occur naturally without the need for ad hoc geometry designs. The non‐trivial topology of the acoustic dispersion produces chiral surface states with open arcs, which manifest themselves as waves whose propagation is highly directional and remains confined to the surfaces of a 3D material. Experiments on an additively manufactured sample validate the predictions of surface arc states and produce negative refraction of waves at the interface between adjoining surfaces. The topological surface states in a gyroid acoustic crystal shed light on nontrivial bulk and edge physics in symmetry‐based compact continuum materials, whose capabilities augment those observed in ad hoc designs. The continuous shape design of the considered acoustic channels and the ensuing anomalous acoustic performance suggest this class of phononic materials with semimetal‐like topology as effective building blocks for acoustic liners and load‐carrying structural components with sound proofing functionality.
Optimizing Li‐Excess Cation‐Disordered Rocksalt Cathode Design Through Partial Li Deficiency
Authors: Huang Liliang , Zhong Peichen , Ha Yang , Cai Zijian , Byeon Young‐Woon , Huang Tzu‐Yang , Sun Yingzhi , Xie Fengyu , Hau Han‐Ming , Kim Haegyeom , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , McCloskey Bryan D. , Yang Wanli , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: December 2022

Li‐excess disordered rocksalts (DRXs) are emerging as promising cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries due to their ability to use earth‐abundant transition metals. In this work, a new strategy based on partial Li deficiency engineering is introduced to optimize the overall electrochemical performance of DRX cathodes. Specifically, by using Mn‐based DRX as a proof‐of‐concept, it is demonstrated that the introduction of cation vacancies during synthesis (e.g., Li1.3‐xMn2+0.4‐xMn3+xNb0.3O1.6F0.4, x = 0, 0.2, and 0.4) improves both the discharge capacity and rate performance due to the more favored short‐range order in the presence of Mn3+. Density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, in combination with spectroscopic tools, reveal that introducing 10% vacancies (Li1.1Mn2+0.2Mn3+0.2Nb0.3O1.6F0.4) enables both Mn2+/Mn3+ redox and excellent Li percolation. However, a more aggressive vacancy doping (e.g., 20% vacancies in Li0.9Mn3+0.4Nb0.3O1.6F0.4) impairs performance because it induces phase separation between an Mn‐rich and a Li‐rich phase.
Achieving a Large Driving Force on Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Wave‐Driven Linkage Mechanism for Harvesting Blue Energy toward Marine Environment Monitoring
Authors: Han Jiajia , Liu Yuan , Feng Yawei , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: December 2022

Water wave energy is regarded to be a promising renewable energy source to relieve the pressure of fossil energy shortage and achieve a sustainable future. A cylindrical wave‐driven linkage mechanism triboelectric nanogenerator (WLM‐TENG) with unidirectional rotation is designed and fabricated to effectively harvest water wave energy. The enormous force generated by water waves, which is up to 424.3 N m−2, is used to drive the TENG through its simple and smart mechanical structure. This force allows the rotor to overcome the large resistance caused by the full contact between rabbit furs and electrodes. The output current can reach about 30 µA and the output power arrives at 50 mW. Moreover, self‐powered applications powered by the WLM‐TENG are successfully demonstrated, including indicating light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), multifunctional barometer, portable anemometer, and multifunctional water quality detection pen. This work renders an effective approach to harness the enormous force generated by the water waves, enhancing the water wave energy harvesting ability of the TENG, toward practical applications of marine environment monitoring.
Enhanced Ion/Electron Migration and Sodium Storage Driven by Different MoS2‐ZnIn2S4 Heterointerfaces
Authors: Cheng Jingyun , Niu Zhulin , Zhao Zhipeng , Pei Xiangdong , Zhang Shuo , Wang Hongqiang , Li Dan , Guo Zaiping
Published: December 2022

Constructing hierarchical structures with heterointerfaces is an effective approach for developing high‐efficiency energy‐storage anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. In this study, MoS2@ZnIn2S4 nanorods are designed and fabricated for structural improvement. Theoretical calculations reveal that there are two different MoS2‐ZnIn2S4 heterointerfaces formed by MoS2 with the Zn and In facets of ZnIn2S4, which generate directional built‐in electric fields that provide additional driving forces for facilitating electron transfer. These two heterojunction interfaces, especially the MoS2‐In facet, exhibit enhanced Na+ adsorption energies and reduce Na+ diffusion energy barriers. The multistep reactions of MoS2 and ZnIn2S4 reveal a synergistic effect that promotes the entire electrochemical process. Furthermore, the synthesized hierarchical nanorods composed of nanosheets offer abundant Na+‐storage sites and multidirectional migration pathways and, importantly, accommodate the excessive volume change. Benefiting from the heterointerfaces and hierarchical structure, the composite electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with high reaction activity and rapid electron/ion diffusion kinetics.
Promoting Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Atomically Dispersed Fe Sites via Establishing Hydrogen Bonding with the Neighboring P Atoms
Authors: Zong Lingbo , Fan Kaicai , Li Ping , Lu Fenghong , Li Bin , Wang Lei
Published: December 2022

Single atom catalysts (SACs) comprised of nitrogen‐coordinated transition metal (TM–N–C) moieties show encouraging performance towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, for the reactions involving multiple intermediates, single‐atom sites fail to satisfactorily optimize the adsorption of all intermediates. Here, a facile strategy is reported to construct Fe, P dual‐atom sites in multimodal porous carbon (Fe,P‐DAS@MPC), and its superiority in synergistically boosting ORR is demonstrated. Fe,P‐DAS@MPC exhibits excellent ORR performance with substantially positive onset potential (Eonset = 1.02 V) and half‐wave potential (E1/2 = 0.92 V). Theoretical analysis unveils the cooperative effect of dual‐atom sites composed of adjacent P and Fe atoms, and the aiding of hydrogen bonding interaction can promote the adsorption/desorption of intermediates. Additionally, a Zn–air battery based on the Fe,P‐DAS@MPC shows a high peak power density and exceptional cycling stability. These findings provide a novel avenue towards the design of electrocatalysts with dual‐atom sites for practical energy conversion applications.
Molybdenum‐Based Catalytic Materials for Li–S Batteries: Strategies, Mechanisms, and Prospects
Authors: Liu Yuping , Lin Zhihua , Bettels Frederik , Li Zhenhu , Xu Jingjing , Zhang Yulin , Li Xu , Ding Fei , Liu Shuangyi , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2022

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are regarded as promising candidates for high‐energy storage devices because of their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1). However, their practical applications are still hindered by a multitude of key challenges, especially the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. To address these challenges, varieties of catalytic materials have been exploited to prevent the shuttle effect and accelerate the LiPSs conversion. Recently, molybdenum‐based (Mo‐based) catalytic materials are widely used as sulfur host materials, modified separators, and interlayers for Li–S batteries. They include the Mo sulfides, diselenides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, phosphides, borides, and metal/single atoms/clusters. Here, recent advances in these Mo‐based catalytic materials are comprehensively summarized, and the current challenges and prospects for designing highly efficient Mo‐based catalytic materials are highlighted, with the aim to provide a fundamental understanding of the sulfur reaction mechanism, and to guide the rational design of cathode catalysts for high‐energy and long‐life Li–S batteries.
Nature and characteristics of gas–liquid flow regimes in a micro‐packed bed reactor
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Bingqi , Zhang Chenghao , Duan Xiaonan , Zhang Jisong
Published: December 2022

Micro‐packed bed reactors (μPBRs) have the advantages of high heat and mass transfer efficiency and excellent safety, and they have been successfully applied to hydrogenation and oxidation reactions. However, the study of gas–liquid flow regimes in the μPBR, which is essential for the mass transfer modeling and reactor scale‐up, is still insufficient due to the limitation of micro‐scale and complexity of capillary force. In this work, the flow regimes in the two‐dimensional μPBR were systematically studied by visual method utilizing a high‐performance camera. Four typical flow regimes and characteristics were captured, and flow regime transition was revealed. Effects of gas and liquid superficial velocities, liquid physical properties, and particle sizes on liquid spreading areal fraction and pressure drop were investigated. Flow regime transition correlation of churn flow and pseudo‐static flow in the μPBR was provided for the first time based on the summary of the current and previous published results.
Gas pressure intensifying oxygen transfer to significantly improving the bio‐oxidation productivity of whole‐cell catalysis
Authors: Hua Xia , Han Jian , Zhou Xin , Xu Yong
Published: December 2022

Oxygen, as a terminal electron acceptor, is an essential substrate in the aerobic bio‐oxidation process, affecting bacterial vitality and bio‐oxidation performance. In this study, a newfangled platform biotechnology of sealed‐oxygen supply bioreactor (SOS‐BR) was developed by improving gas pressure to significantly intensify oxygen transfer rate to resolve the formidable barriers of aerobic catalysis. In virtue of SOS‐BR, the bio‐productivity was greatly improved for three representative substrates (xylose, furfural, and glycerol) bio‐oxidation with the whole‐cell catalysis of Gluconobacter oxydans. The determination of oxygen transfer coefficient (KLα) established an upgraded theoretical dynamic model for gas pressure intensification biosystem. Additionally, viscosity measurement and combined pressure control strategy explained the inflection point phenomenon of productivity and confirmed the intensify mechanism. The smart strategy of significantly intensifying oxygen transfer provided insightful ideas for overcoming the stubborn obstacle of obligate aerobic catalysis, and further promoted the development and industrial practicability of bio‐oxidation.
Synthesis of Ni‐Al layered double hydroxide via coprecipitation: Formation mechanism, synthesis intensification, and catalytic application
Authors: Li Ying‐Jiao , Xue Lin‐Di , Zhang Yi‐Dong , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Chu Guang‐Wen , Sun Bao‐Chang , Chen Jian‐Feng
Published: December 2022

Herein, the formation mechanism of Ni‐Al layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH) synthesized by coprecipitation was explored. Moreover, NiAl‐LDH was prepared in a rotating packed bed (RPB) under different rotation speeds, which shows that increasing the rotation speed decreases the lateral size and thickness of NiAl‐LDH, since high rotation speed accelerates the nucleation of NiAl‐LDH. Additionally, the Ni/mixed metal oxides (MMO) catalysts derived from NiAl‐LDH were prepared for maleic anhydride (MA) hydrogenation. Result shows that Ni/MMO catalyst obtained from NiAl‐LDH prepared under a higher rotation speed exhibits higher MA conversion due to its larger surface area and smaller nickel particle size. The Ni/MMO catalyst obtained from NiAl‐LDH prepared under 500 rpm exhibits 100% MA conversion and 100% succinic anhydride selectivity under 30°C and 2 MPa within 1 h. This work provides fundamental insight to understand the formation of NiAl‐LDH. Moreover, RPB as an effective technique to synthesize NiAl‐LDH and Ni‐based catalysts was validated.
Nine years of the Red Book Challenge conservation education in Southern Madagascar: What we have learned
Authors: Walker‐Bolton Amber D.
Published: December 2022

Red Book Challenge Conservation Education Madagascar is a small‐scale, arts‐based, conservation education initiative founded in 2012 by two Lemur catta researchers working in the Berenty Reserve and incorporated as a nonprofit organization in 2022. The target demographic is children and adults living in Southern Madagascar. The Red Book Challenge program initially consisted of providing supplementary conservation education through classroom visits at the elementary schools in Berenty village. The school children created small conservation booklets with red covers, giving the project its name. Today, the program has expanded to include the village of Besakoa Ambany and the city of Fort Dauphin, while remaining a small‐scale program. To date, the Red Book Challenge has completed seven outreach projects aimed at generating goodwill in the local community, community development, and conservation education. This retrospective analysis functions as a formative evaluation of the feasibility of future projects. This paper will focus on four projects that fall under the category of conservation education: (1) Using films to promote conservation topics (2) field trips to observe lemurs (3) a Malagasy‐run conservation club, and (4) a coloring book. These projects have been funded through small grants from the International Conservation Fund of Canada, and private donations. This paper includes the Red Book Challenge's history, results from the participant surveys, and the successes and failures in each stage of our work. Six shifts in thinking occurred: (1) use of Malagasy talent to create educational conservation films (2) more formal assessment before and after field trips (3) improvement of recruitment, training and supervision of staff to keep the conservation club self‐sufficient (4) enlistment of Malagasy illustrators and adaptation of environmentally friendly printing practices for the coloring books (5) disseminate study outcomes to international community though publication (6) reframe the program from spare‐time volunteer work to full‐time research work.
Anomalously Large Antiphase Signals from Hyperpolarized Orthohydrogen Using a MOF‐Based SABRE Catalyst
Authors: Alam Md Shahabuddin , Li Xinlin , Brittin Drew O. , Islam Saiful , Deria Pravas , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Goodson Boyd M.
Published: December 2022

Hyperpolarized orthohydrogen (o‐H2) is a frequent product of parahydrogen‐based hyperpolarization approaches like signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), where the hyperpolarized o‐H2 signal is usually absorptive. We describe a novel manifestation of this effect wherein large antiphase o‐H2 signals are observed, with 1H enhancements up to ≈500‐fold (effective polarization PH≈1.6 %). This anomalous effect is attained only when using an intact heterogeneous catalyst constructed using a metal–organic framework (MOF) and is qualitatively independent of substrate nature. This seemingly paradoxical observation is analogous to the “partial negative line” (PNL) effect recently explained in the context of Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) by Ivanov and co‐workers. The two‐spin order of the o‐H2 resonance is manifested by a two‐fold higher Rabi frequency, and the lifetime of the antiphase HP o‐H2 resonance is extended by several‐fold.
Heparin desensitisation prior to cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with alpha‐gal allergy
Authors: McRae A. S. , Tidwell W. P. , Patel S. , Lombard F. W.
Published: December 2022

This case report describes the implementation of a heparin desensitisation strategy for a patient with confirmed galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose (alpha‐gal) allergy, prior to cardiac surgery. We describe the pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative management. We believe this report can enhance the limited data currently in existence on alternative strategies for heparin utilisation in cardiopulmonary bypass in a previously intolerant patient population.
SmartImage: A Machine Learning Method for Nanopore Identifying Chemical Modifications on RNA
Authors: Li Shijia , Li Xinyi , Wan Yong‐Jing , Ying Yi‐Lun , Yu Ru‐Jia , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: December 2022

RNA modifications modulate essential cellular functions. However, it is challenging to quantitatively identify the differences in RNA modifications. To further improve the single‐molecule sensing ability of nanopores, we propose a machine‐learning algorithm called SmartImage for identifying and classifying nanopore electrochemical signals based on a combination of improved graph conversion methods and deep neural networks. SmartImage is effective for nearly all ranges of signal duration, which breaks the limitation of the current nanopore algorithm. The overall accuracy (OA) of our proposed recognition strategy exceeded 90% for identifying three types of RNAs. Prediction experiments show that the SmartImage owns the ability to recognize one modified RNA molecule from 1000 normal RNAs with OA >90%. Thus our proposed model and algorithm hold the potential application in clinical applications.
Design and Synthesis of Benzoheterodiazole‐based Fluorescent Compounds for Emitting Applications
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Wu Xu , Li Hanjie , Yu Jinghan , Wang Yanguang , Lu Ping
Published: December 2022

Benzoheterodiazole‐based fluorophores with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties are synthesized and their photophysical properties in different states (solution, film, and powder) are investigated. These compounds present excellent thermal stability, and the decomposition temperature is above 300 °C. Among these compounds, the fluorophores with triphenylamine (TPA) group present better fluorescent emissions in solutions as well as in aggregated states, and the highest solution fluorescent efficiency is up to 75.2% in solution. Meanwhile, the fluorescent compounds terminated with triphenylethene (TPE) exhibit the classical AIE properties. Furthermore, these compounds might be used as emissive layers for the fabrication of red, orange and green organic light emitting diodes.
Effects of a non‐universal IMF and binary parameter correlations on compact binary mergers
Authors: de Sá Lucas M. , Bernardo Antônio , Bachega Riis R. A. , Rocha Livia S. , Horvath Jorge E.
Published: December 2022

Binary population synthesis provides a direct way of studying the effects of different choices of binary evolution models and initial parameter distributions on present‐day compact binary merger populations, which can then be compared to empirical properties such as observed merger rates. Samples of zero‐age main sequence binaries to be evolved by such codes are typically generated from a universal initial mass function (IMF) and simple, uniform, distributions for orbital period P, mass ratio q, and eccentricity e. More recently, however, mounting observational evidence has suggested the non‐universality of the IMF and the existence of correlations between binary parameters. In this study, we implement a metallicity‐ and redshift‐dependent IMF alongside correlated distributions for P, q, and e to generate representative populations of binaries at varying redshifts, which are then evolved with the COMPAS code in order to study the variations in merger rates and overall population properties.
Impact of pelvicalyceal anatomical variation on surgical outcomes of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery
Authors: Kawase Kengo , Hamamoto Shuzo , Taguchi Kazumi , Inoue Takaaki , Okada Shinsuke , Sugino Teruaki , Isogai Masahiko , Torii Koei , Yanase Takahiro , Okada Tomoki , Hattori Tatsuya , Chaya Ryosuke , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro ,   the SMART Study Group
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of the pelvicalyceal anatomical system (PCS) on calyceal stone formation and surgical outcomes of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) for renal and/or proximal ureteral stones with a diameter >15 mm.

Patients and methods

PCS was classified as Type I (single pelvis) or Type II (divided pelvis) according to the simple anatomical Takazawa classification. Using prospectively collected data from January 2016 to April 2020, 219 patients were retrospectively reviewed. After excluding patients who underwent a staged procedure, had hydronephrosis greater than grade 2, prior nephrostomy tubes, and failed to access the renal collecting system, 115 patients (Type I: 81, Type II: 34) were included, and the distribution of calyceal stones and surgical outcomes in ECIRS were compared between Types I and II PCS.

Results

The median number of renal stone calyces in the Type II group was significantly more than that in the Type I group (p = 0.016). In particular, the Type II group possessed more upper stone calyces. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Type II PCS was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for the presence of upper stone calyces (OR: 2.93, p = 0.018). The stone‐free (SF) status at 1 month after surgery, confirmed by abdominal plain radiography, was significantly higher in the Type I group compared with that in Type II (67.9% vs. 39.4%, respectively; p = 0.006). The requirement for additional surgical interventions was significantly higher in the Type II group compared with that in Type I (35.4% vs. 7.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of stone calyces (OR: 4.26; p = 0.001) and Type II PCS (OR: 3.43; p = 0.009) were independent predictors of residual stones after ECIRS.

Conclusion

We first revealed that the anatomic properties of PCS play a role in both upper calyceal stone formation and in the success of the ECIRS procedure. Because the SF rate in Type II PCS was significantly lower than that in Type I PCS, additional percutaneous nephrolithotomy tracts might be required, even for ECIRS.
Erfahrungen beim Rückbau der Spannbetonbrücken am Neckartalübergang
Authors: Bicker Kurt
Published: December 2022

Die Firma Max Wild ist spezialisiert auf den Rückbau von Brücken jeglicher Größe und Konstruktionsweise. In diesem Bericht werden anhand des Projekts Rückbau des Brückenzuges bei Heilbronn die Herangehensweisen vom Planungsentwurf bis zur Ausführung erläutert. Rückgebaut wird eine Spannbetonhohlkastenkonstruktion, die teilweise unterstützt und dann zersägt und ausgehoben wird. Zudem wird eine 585 m lange Vorlandbrücke, bestehend aus einem zweistegigen Plattenbalken, konventionell rückgebaut. Die 311,20 m lange Spannbetonbalkenbrücke mit bogenförmigen Hohlkästen wird sprengtechnisch zu Fall gebracht und im Anschluss konventionell zerkleinert und verwertet.
Metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry revealed the preventive mechanism of Gushudan in kidney‐yang‐deficiency‐syndrome rats
Authors: Lu Qing , Feng Qisheng , Yu Jiaxin , Tong Lin , Zhang Jing , Sun Jinghan , Zhao Jing , Xiong Zhili
Published: December 2022

Kidney‐yang‐deficiency‐syndrome (KYDS) is a metabolic disease caused by neuroendocrine disorder. Gushudan (GSD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription with the effect of nourishing kidney and strengthening bones. In this study, the mechanism of preventive effect of GSD on KYDS was explored by integrating metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry. Reversed‐phase/hydrophilic interaction chromatography–ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (RP/HILIC–UHPLC–Q‐Orbitrap HRMS)–based serum metabolomics indicated metabolic disturbances of KYDS rats, and 50 potential biomarkers including l‐threonine, succinic acid and phytosphingosine were obtained, which were mainly involved in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and glycerophospholipid metabolism, among others. Serum pharmacochemistry identified 29 prototypical ingredients and 9 metabolites of GSD after administration, such as icaritin and xanthotoxol. The combination of 10 serum migration ingredients in GSD, including icaritin and osthole, with 7 important targets, including AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) and MAPK14, was found to be key for GSD to prevent KYDS in the network pharmacology study. This study provided a new idea for the research of pathogenesis of diseases and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
Readiness of Brazilian Industrial Engineering postgraduate programs for Industry 4.0: A knowledge dimensions assessment
Authors: Tortorella Guilherme Luz , Cauchick‐Miguel Paulo A. , Frazzon Enzo M. , Fogliatto Flavio S. , Godinho Filho Moacir , Thürer Matthias
Published: December 2022

This study examines how Industrial Engineering postgraduate programs intend to develop the competencies required for Industry 4.0 in their students. An exploratory and descriptive approach was adopted. Multiple sources of evidence were collected in four of Brazil's best‐ranked and most traditional Industrial Engineering postgraduate programs, involving experienced academics and directors of these programs. Four knowledge dimensions were used to frame our study: factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive. Results indicate that Industrial Engineering postgraduate courses tend to emphasize technical competencies, such as problem and conflict‐solving, decision‐making, and analytical and research skills, rather than competencies related to interpersonal relationships, such as creativity, entrepreneurial thinking, leadership, adaptability, and flexibility. We also found that the development of Industry 4.0 competencies in the examined Industrial Engineering postgraduate programs mostly relies on activities related to procedural knowledge. Our study provides Industrial Engineering instructors and academics arguments to revisit their curricula and better prepare postgraduate students for the challenges imposed by Industry 4.0.
Esophageal perforation and septic shock after accidental coin ingestion in elderly person
Authors: Ishizuka Yusei , Nishiori Hironobu , Matsumura Yosuke
Published: December 2022

An 88‐year‐old man ingested coins accidentally and developed mediastinitis and septic shock. Esophageal injuries by sharped‐shape foreign bodies are often reported, but esophageal perforation by round coins is rare. Even rounded‐shape foreign bodies that are unlikely to injure esophagus may lead to severe outcomes.
Spontaneous intramedullary hematoma following COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Sourani Arman , Rezvani Majid , Foroughi Mina , Baradaran Mahdavi Sadegh
Published: December 2022

A 67‐year‐old female was hospitalized due to right‐sided hemiparesis and neck pain with rapid deterioration to a deep coma. She had received the Sinopharm vaccine 2 days earlier. MRI showed extensive cervicothoracic hematomyelia. She received intensive medical care for 2 months and was discharged. An 18‐month follow‐up showed significant neurological recovery.
Unveiling the Collaborative Effect at the Cucurbit[8]uril‐MoS2 Hybrid Interface for Electrochemical Melatonin Determination
Authors: Martínez‐Moro Rut , del Pozo María , Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Collado Alba , Canola Sofia , Vázquez Luis , Petit‐Domínguez María Dolores , Casero Elena , Quintana Carmen , Martín‐Gago José A.
Published: December 2022

Host‐guest interactions are of paramount importance in supramolecular chemistry and in a wide range of applications. Particularly well known is the ability of cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) to selectively host small molecules. We show that the charge transfer and complexation capabilities of CB[n] are retained on the surface of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), allowing the development of efficient electrochemical sensing platforms. We unveil the mechanisms of host‐guest recognition between the MoS2‐CB[8] hybrid interface and melatonin (MLT), an important molecular regulator of vital constants in vertebrates. We find that CB[8] on MoS2 organizes the receptor portals perpendicularly to the surface, facilitating MLT complexation. This advantageous adsorption geometry is specific to TMDs and favours MLT electro‐oxidation, as opposed to other 2D platforms like graphene, where one receptor portal is closed. This study rationalises the cooperative interaction in 2D hybrid systems to improve the efficiency and selectivity of electrochemical sensing platforms.
Enantioselective and Chemoselective Phosphine Oxide‐catalyzed Aldol Reactions of N‐Unprotected Cyclic Carboxyimides
Authors: Yoshiwara Yusaku , Kotani Shunsuke , Nakajima Makoto
Published: December 2022

Asymmetric catalytic transformations of N‐unprotected cyclic carboxyimides such as succinimides, hydantoins, oxazolidinediones, and glitazones, is a powerful way of directly accessing variety of biologically valuable chiral compounds. Herein, a bis(trichlorosilyl) nucleophilic intermediate formed from cyclic carboxyimides was reacted with aldehydes via (S)‐SEGPHOS dioxide (SEGPHOSO), proceeding the aldol reaction in highly enantioselective fashion through a cyclic transition state. Furthermore, N‐unprotected carboxyimides were chemoselectively activated, even in the presence of N‐alkylated carboxyimides, to undergo stereoselective and chemoselective aldol reactions via in situ silicon tetrachloride activation. The functionalized cyclic carboxyimides is readily derived to the several synthetic units derivatization to various chiral building blocks without unnecessary protection/deprotection steps.
„Grüne” Partikeltechnik?
Authors: Peukert Wolfgang , Bück Andreas
Published: December 2022

In diesem Essay stellen wir einige Gedanken zur Entwicklung der Partikeltechnik im Kontext des Klimawandels vor. Wir beginnen mit einem kurzen historischen Abriss zur Geschichte der Partikeltechnik. Dabei wird neben der Faszination der Partikeltechnik deutlich werden, dass Partikel seit der industriellen Revolution auch mit negativen Folgen menschlichen Tuns verbunden waren und es noch immer sind. Einige Beispiele, wie disperse Systeme zur Lösung aktueller technischer Fragen beitragen, werden diskutiert. Schließlich benennen wir einige weiße Felder und offene Fragestellungen der Partikeltechnik im Kontext des Klimawandels in der Hoffnung, dadurch weitergehende Untersuchungen anzuregen.
GCR‐Net: A deep learning‐based bare hand detection and gesticulated character recognition system for human‐computer interaction
Authors: Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Kirupakaran Anish Monsley , Laskar Rabul Hussain
Published: December 2022

Precisely detecting bare hands and recognizing the characters are two major stages in gesticulated character recognition systems. It is very challenging to implement them in an uncontrolled environment. Additional variations, particularly (i) background feature domination (BFD) effect and motion blur in detection, (ii) gesturing style, pattern, and case sensitivity in recognition, make the system more complex. To address these challenges, a gesticulated character recognition (GCR‐Net) model is designed. To detect the bare hand precisely, a pixel‐wise segmentation approach, HandSNet, is presented, which is able to overcome the BFD effect. To handle the motion blur in the frames, a tracking module comprised of a point‐tracker and Kalman filter is applied. To reduce the computational time, a mini‐SqueezeNet network is designed, which is used in HandSNet and recognition models as the backend network. It has 0.39 million parameters only. Four separate deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are connected with the network section module at the recognition end. This network selection module activates one DCNN at a time to recognize the gesticulated characters accurately. The proposed GCR‐Net reduces the complexity between similar characters and provides a high precision rate compared to the existing approaches.
Binding Energy Partition of Promising IRAK‐4 Inhibitor (Zimlovisertib) for the Treatment of COVID‐19 Pneumonia
Authors: Zapata‐Acevedo César A. , Guevara‐Vela José Manuel , Popelier Paul L. A. , Rocha‐Rinza Tomás
Published: December 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by César A. Zapata‐Acevedo and co‐workers at the Institute of Chemistry of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the IMDEA Materials Institute, the University of Manchester and Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Santa Fe. The image shows the fragment‐based drug design process for candidate Zimlovisertib. The Interacting Quantum Atoms method reveals the adequacy (or lack of) of the chemical changes throughout the design of this IRAK4 inhibitor. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200455.
Benzothiadiazole‐Based Green Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer (HLCT) Fluorophores as Solution‐Processed Non‐Doped Emitters for Simple Structured Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Kongsabay Suwapat , Loythaworn Thidarat , Petdee Sujinda , Chasing Pongsakorn , Funchien Patteera , Waengdongbung Wijitra , Wongkaew Praweena , Sudyodsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: December 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Phattananawee Nalaoh, VISTEC (Thailand). The image shows the solution‐processable hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) fluorophore as an efficient non‐doped emitter for solution‐processed double‐layered organic light‐emitting diode. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200154.