bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Songs, Movies and Plays on Adults Communication Humorously in Social Media: A Case Study of Jordanian Facebook Users
Authors: Ali Sukayna , Abu-Faraj Bushra
Published: August 2018

The paper reports the use of humor by Jordanian Facebook users. Data was collected from different Facebook pages especially the pages that concerns with the issues of students at the universities and the pages of young people. Two types of humorous posts are used either by using the exact words of Arabic songs and comic plays or by using parody and changing some words to suit the situation or people described. It is evident that the facial expressions of comic characters are used to prove laughter.
El derecho de la niñez y la adolescencia a ser escuchada en la justicia de familia en Nicaragua
Authors: Rivera Zamora Xiomara
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo hace un abordaje doctrinario, jurisprudencial, normativo supranacional, de derecho comparado y del ordenamiento jurídico nicaragüense, sobre el derecho del niño, niña o adolescente a ser escuchado, en particular; sobre su manifestación en el proceso jurisdiccional familiar. Luego se examina la práctica jurisdiccional familiar, de judicaturas de primera instancia, en distintos polos geográficos y de un Tribunal de segunda instancia de la capital, en Nicaragua. Dicho análisis ha permitido identificar vacíos legales, aciertos y desaciertos en la puesta en práctica del referido derecho, por ello; se ofrecen algunas pautas de actuación para la homogenización en su implementación, por constituir una garantía procesal para niños, niñas o adolescentes en la justicia de familia nicaragüense.
La prejudicialidad en el nuevo Código Procesal Civil Costarricense
Authors: Argüello Rojas Luis Mariano
Published: August 2018

La investigación que aquí se exterioriza intenta desarrollar, desde una perspectiva crítica, los novedosos alcances teóricos y repercusiones prácticas que presenta el instituto procesal de la prejudicialidad dentro del nuevo proceso civil costarricense, ello a partir de la promulgación de la Ley N° 9342 publicada el pasado ocho de abril del año dos mil dieciséis, en el Gaceta N° 68, alcance N° 54 y que entrará en vigencia el próximo lunes ocho de octubre del año dos mil dieciocho.
Of Disputed Borders, Armed Conflict, Periodic Crises, and Regional Rivalry: The Past and the Future of Sino-Indian Relations
Authors: Ganguly Sumit
Published: August 2018

AbstractThese four books on Sino-Indian relations provide new evidence and novel arguments about the origins of the border dispute, the Sino-Indian border war of 1962, and the evolution of the Sino-Indian rivalry. Three of the four books have made use of newly declassified
archival material and have thereby challenged existing knowledge about various features of this contentious relationship. The books, nevertheless, are of varying quality. One or two of them represent the acme of dispassionate scholarship while at least one asserts some very partisan claims.
That said, they all represent a new wave of scholarship on Sino-Indian relations and should be of value to those interested in this fraught relationship.
Balancing Between Legality and Illegality: Russian Import of Japanese Used Cars and Unauthorized Export of Russian Marine Bioresources to Japan
Authors: Golunov Serghei
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on two main issues: the ability of informal cross-border entrepreneurs to avoid restrictions imposed by a government, and governmental capacity to make these restrictions work efficiently in the long term. Two kinds of informal trade activities between Russia and
Japan—import of used cars and trafficking of marine bioresources—are taken as case studies. I argue that in both cases informal cross-border traders have tried to exploit cross-border differences to their benefit, balancing between legal, low-punishable, and heavily punishable
practices. Both kinds of informal trade proved to be highly resistant to suppressive government policies and highly capable of exploiting legal and law enforcement loopholes. Still, suppressive government policies proved to be at least partially successful in the long term.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 12 No. 9
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: August 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 12 No. 9, 2018
Whether Loyalty to a Football Club Can Translate into a Political Support for the Club Owner: An Empirical Evidence from Thai League
Authors: Sriyakul Thanaporn , Fangmanee Anurak , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak
Published: August 2018

The participation of politicians and their kin in the sport of football, as presidents of football clubs, in the past many years has been widely criticized as a use of the football clubs as tools to gain popularity and, possibly, a political base or a voting bloc for these politicians. This research is conducted in order to (1) study the loyalty level towards football clubs and the corresponding political supports expressed towards the football club executives and (2) examine the relationship between such demographic factors as gender, age, educational level, occupation, income, duration of being a fan, as well as loyalty to the football club and the aforementioned political supports, by collecting data from fans of five football clubs competing in the Thai League during the 2016 season. Including 385 fans, the data are collected using questionnaire, and then analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard variation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis with the significance level set at five percent. The research finds that overall the fans of all five clubs are highly loyal to the club and express a moderate political support for the club executives. It also finds that gender, age, and education have no relationship to the political support, while occupation, income, duration of being a fan, and especially loyalty to the football club are correlated with the political support. This result confirms the hypothesis that loyalty to a football club can, in fact, potentially translate into a political support for the politicians who are also the owners of the football clubs.
Herstelrechtvoorzieningen in het (nieuwe) Wetboek van Strafvordering: geen luxe maar noodzaak met het oog op de realisering van een humane rechtspleging
Authors: Claessen J.
Published: August 2018

Herstelrechtvoorzieningen in het (nieuwe) Wetboek van Strafvordering: geen luxe maar noodzaak met het oog op de realisering van een humane rechtspleging

In deze bijdrage staat het herziene voorstel van wet centraal strekkende tot invoering van een nieuwe Titel – ‘Herstelrechtvoorzieningen’ – in het (nieuwe) Wetboek van Strafvordering. Het wetsvoorstel is in feite een ‘burgerinitiatiefwetsvoorstel’ en is geschreven door een initiatiefgroep bestaande uit medewerkers van de Universiteit Maastricht en Restorative Justice Nederland in samenwerking met een denktank van vele professionals werkzaam in de strafrechtspraktijk, onder wie rechters, officieren van justitie, advocaten, mediators, politiemedewerkers en gevangenispersoneel. De auteur zet in deze bijdrage niet alleen de proeve van wetgeving uiteen, maar plaatst deze ook binnen een passende rechtshistorische context en voorziet haar voorts van zijn persoonlijke commentaar en visie.
Position Paper
Authors: Meyers Rachel , Weilnau JoEllen , Holmes Amy , Girotto Jennifer E. ,   for the Advocacy Committee on behalf of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group
Published: August 2018

Vaccination rates of children in the United States remain below the target coverage levels identified in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Given the success of pharmacists in providing adult vaccinations and the accessibility of pharmacists to the public, expanding pharmacists' authority to vaccinate children may improve vaccination rates of children, particularly in key disease states. This article serves as a Position Statement of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG), who supports the expansion of pharmacists' authority to vaccinate children. PPAG also believes that increased use of state vaccination registries by pharmacists will help improve communication and documentation of vaccines between providers. PPAG also recommends that continued education and maintaining current knowledge of vaccines and vaccine schedules are vital for pharmacist immunizers. Finally, PPAG believes that pharmacists should be advocates for childhood vaccinations.
CORPUS VIVENS: GERARCHIE DEL SAPERE NELLE UNIVERSITÀ TRA XII E XIV SECOLO
Authors: Rustighi Lorenzo
Published: August 2018

Partindo da categoria jurídica de Universitas, elaborada pela jurisprudência medieval entre os séculos XIII e XIV para codificar a persona repraesentata, este ensaio propõe uma análise genealógica de alguns dos momentos fundamentais no surgimento da Universidade como instituição, mostrando a impossibilidade de compreender a sua estrutura através do registo do direito público moderno e insistir na sua autonomia constitucional e jurisdicional. O escrutínio desenvolve-se através de três questões que são decisivas para captar as formas pelas quais o conhecimento é instituído e regulado na experiência universitária, chamando a atenção para os conflitos e disputas que marcaram suas conquistas tanto quanto seus fracassos: o renascimento do aristotelismo, o sucesso da prática da quaestio disputata e a redescoberta do direito romano. Enfocando as afinidades e as alianças entre essas três dimensões, o principal argumento do ensaio repousa, em particular, no terceiro, tentando mostrar como a experiência da universidade deve ser entendida como um processo propriamente institucional em virtude do poder linguístico da lei e sua capacidade de criar formas de vida em comum.
A literatura como fonte para a história da Geografia escolar no Brasil
Authors: Silva Jeane Medeiros
Published: August 2018

Como contribuição ao conhecimento histórico da Geografia Escolar brasileira, no período anterior à institucionalização da ciência geográfica no Brasil (dos anos 1810 a 1930), este trabalho objetivou analisar discursos sobre o saber geográfico ensinado, distinto do saber a ser ensinado e do saber apreendido. Para tanto, utilizou-se de fontes da literatura brasileira, tais como romances e memórias, das quais recortamos diversos fragmentos discursivos, de diferentes épocas e nos quais se mencionam vivências e práticas do ensinar Geografia. O trabalho demonstrou como se ensinava e se aprendia Geografia, qual a percepção desse ensino e quais os significados dessa disciplina para os sujeitos ao longo no período delimitado.
Municípios do Rio Grande do Sul: uma caracterização econômica por meio do Modelo de Weaver
Authors: Silva Guilherme Cardoso da , Werlang Mauro Kumpfer
Published: August 2018

Em meio a muitas discussões, as técnicas quantitativas colaboraram para o avanço da ciência geográfica, sem deixar de lado a importância de avaliar as qualidades de determinado objeto de estudo. Neste sentido, alguns modelos foram criados para colaborar nas análises, como exemplo o Modelo de Weaver, que tem o objetivo de demonstrar qual(ais) é(são) o(s) dado(s) mais representativo(s) em um contexto predeterminado. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma caracterização econômica para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, baseado em seus municípios, utilizando o Modelo de Weaver. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados da Fundação de Economia e Estatística–FEE do ano de 2014 relativos à Agropecuária, Indústria e Serviços. Os dados foram tabulados, analisados e espacialmente relacionados com os encabeçamentos das principais atividades econômicas e às Categorias de Diversificação Funcional. Para complementar as análises, os resultados foram comparados aos dados apresentados nos trabalhos de Müller Filho (1983) e Rovani et al. (2008). Percebeu-se que as atividades mais significativas para o Rio Grande do Sul são as da classificação “13”, relativa à soma Agropecuária e Serviços, com 241 ocorrências, sendo 48,5% do total, e que a categoria bifuncional foi a mais representativa, principalmente pela influência da classificação “13”, totalizando 63,58%. Conclui-se que o Modelo de Weaver é bastante pertinente na intenção de discriminar valores, dando a importância de dados específicos e possibilitando o descarte de outros menos relevantes, além de permitir a comparação com outros trabalhos que utilizaram o mesmo modelo, obedecendo essa padronização.
A velha roupa colorida: Brasil e África na geografia escolar
Authors: Ferracini Rosemberg
Published: August 2018

O presente texto tem como objetivo discutir as proximidades teóricas curriculares e as disparidades praticadas –brasilianas- com relação ao continente africano. Passados dez anos de conquista alguns temas foram sedimentados, outros rompidos, poucos esquecidos e muitos permanecem nas práticas escolares. Apresentaremos como algumas reaproximações do Brasil com o continente africano que passam pelo debate no ensino do discurso político como as ‘políticas territoriais’, de economia via ‘transações econômicas’, e pela cultura com as trocas humanas ‘África-Brasil’. O ponto significativo é analisar que o passado colonial não acabou, apenar trocou de roupagem e necessita ser analisado com cuidado nas práticas de ensino e aprendizagem.
Necessidade de ajustes no sistema de recomendação de calagem e adubação de oliveiras (Olea europaea L.) no sul do Brasil
Authors: Bender Darlize Déglan Borges Beulck , Weber Mirla Andrade , Vieira Frederico Costa Beber
Published: August 2018

O Rio Grande do Sul (RS) é o maior produtor de azeitonas do país com capacidade de aumentar a produção. No entanto, o sistema de recomendação de calagem e adubação precisa ser ajustado para a situação edafoclimática do estado. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da condição nutricional de pomares de oliveira em produção, representativos da região central do RS, buscando identificar os principais aspectos que precisam ser melhorados no manejo da fertilidade. Em 13 pomares adultos localizados em Caçapava do Sul/RS e Cachoeira do Sul/RS, nos anos de 2016 e 2017, amostras de solo, folhas e frutos foram coletadas e submetidas a análises de N, P, K, B e parâmetros de acidez do solo. Observou-se que grande parte dos solos avaliados apresenta elevado teor de Al trocável na camada de 20-40 cm, sugerindo a necessidade de incorporação mais profunda da calagem na implantação do pomar e/ou de elevar o pH da superfície para favorecer a correção em profundidade. Grande parte dos pomares apresentou concentração de N nas folhas acima do recomendado, o que é preocupante, uma vez que esse excesso promove maior crescimento vegetativo e suprime a floração. Para o P e o B, as discrepâncias entre os teores nas folhas e nos solos sugere que o nível crítico no solo não está ajustado à situação de clima e solo da região. O B foi o nutriente que mais limitou a produção de frutos dos pomares avaliados.
Placenta percreta complicated by uterine rupture and thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Laužikienė Dalia , Vosylius Saulius , Šiaudinytė Ieva , Laužikas Emilis , Ramašauskaitė Diana , Bartkevičienė Daiva
Published: August 2018

Background. Uterine rupture at the site of a previous caesarean scar with abnormal placental penetration through the uterus wall with bladder invasion is a rare and serious pregnancy complication. Our aim was to report a case of uterine rupture with placenta percreta complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy.
Materials and methods. We did a literature review and analysed medical documentation retrospectively.
Results. A patient was admitted with complaints of lower abdominal pain at 21 weeks of gestation. Sonography of the caesarean scar increased suspicion of placental penetration. Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and acute kidney injury developed and led to the diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy. The termination of pregnancy was required due to severe deterioration in organ functions. The complete uterine rupture with placenta percreta invading the urinary bladder was confirmed, and total hysterectomy was performed to control life-threatening haemorrhage. The patient was treated by blood component transfusions, renal replacement therapy, and plasmapheresis. Good health was confirmed two months later by laboratory and instrumental tests.
Conclusions. It is a rare but very serious condition that increases morbidity of mother and foetus, therefore immediate diagnostics and treatment are required.
Evaluation of the presence of MMP-2, TIMP-2, BMP2/4, and TGFβ3 in the facial tissue of children with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Smane Liene , Pilmane Mara
Published: August 2018

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common defect affecting the face. The treatment consists of surgical reconstruction of the anatomical structures of the cleft. Part of the surgical treatment is reconstruction of the alveolar bone by means of autogenic bone grafting (osteoplasty). This study aimed to evaluate the levels of expression of extracellular matrix remodeling factors in the facial tissue of children with a complete unilateral (CU) and a complete bilateral (CB) CLP to assess whether the wound healing process is adequate. Twenty-two CLP patients were enrolled in this study. Tissue samples were collected during alveolar osteoplasty for unilateral (n = 12) or bilateral (n = 10) cleft palate, (age range from 6 years 8 months to 12 years 2 months). Control material was obtained in the case of tooth extraction (age range from 6 years 9 months to 14 years 5 months). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2/4), and transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3). Numbers of positively stained cells were graded semi-quantitatively. Data were analysed using the Kraskel-Wallis rank test and the Bonferroni correction. The total number of MMP2-positive cells was significantly lower in the CBCLP and in the control group than in the CUCLP (p < 0.001 after the Bonferroni correction). The total number of TIMP2-positive cells was significantly higher in the CUCLP than in the CBCLP and in the control group (p < 0.001; p < 0.003 after the Bonferroni correction). The overall number of BMP2/4, TGFβ3-positive cells was significantly higher in the CUCLP than in the CBCLP and in the control group (p < 0.001 after the Bonferroni correction). The decrease of the relative amount of statistically significant BMP2/4, TGFβ3, MMP-2, TIMP-2 containing bone cells in CBCLP patients identifies affected alveolar bone regeneration and remodeling process.
Congenital cystic adenomatous malformation: a case report and a literature review
Authors: Račaitė Julita , Šumkovskaja Alina , Arlauskienė Audronė , Pilypienė Ingrida , Landsbergytė-Bukauskienė Elena
Published: August 2018

Background. A congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a foetal pulmonary development abnormality caused by airway dysgenesis that is characterized by cystic or adenomatous lesions in the terminal bronchioles. The size of the mass, the degree of the mediastinal shift, and the presence of hydrops and polyhydramnios can all affect the severity of a case. Treatment can be initiated at early stages by applying prenatal and postnatal methods. Because CCAM is a rare pathology that is often only accidentally diagnosed during routine ultrasounds, we would like to share our case report to enrich the literature on this pathology and to present a case successfully treated at our hospital.
Materials and methods. A patient with her first multiple pregnancy was seen for prenatal care and her first ultrasound at 17 weeks of gestation. One of the twins was diagnosed with a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the left lung. At 20 weeks of gestation, an enlarged left lung with small cysts, a compressed right lung, a compressed and displaced heart, and oligohydramnios were observed. At 28 weeks of gestation, a fetoplacental circulation disorder appeared. At 32 weeks of gestation, due the unstable condition of the affected foetus, the twins were delivered via a C-section. The treatment of the newborn included antibiotics, caffeine citrate, and breathing therapy.
Results and conclusions. CCAM are often diagnosed by accident when performing routine pregnancy ultrasound examinations. CT is the most reliable X-ray-based examination method for confirming a diagnosis. When CCAM is suspected in the foetus, amniocentesis and cariotype identification are performed, but chromosomal anomalies related to CCAM are often not identified. Currently, the best treatment results have been achieved by applying combined prenatal therapy and early surgical treatment.
A produção de subjetividade em programas de aprendizagem profissional
Authors: Brock Daniele Cristina , Albanese Luciana
Published: August 2018

Este artigo objetiva identificar as relações produzidas entre aprendizagem profissional e subjetividade no discurso de jovens aprendizes entrevistados numa entidade formadora do sul do país. O estudo é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada no método da Análise Institucional do Discurso, na qual entrevistaram-se, individualmente, 10 participantes do Programa Adolescente Aprendiz desenvolvido em tal entidade. Corroborando outras pesquisas, os resultados mostram que as práticas institucionais de um programa de aprendizagem profissional têm implicações nas imagens que os jovens constroem de si, tais como: reco-nhecerem-se mais responsáveis, maduros, obedientes, autoconfiantes e orientados em relação a um projeto de vida. Constatou-se também que os entrevistados raramente mencionam implicações negativas do programa, aceitando suas práticas como algo necessário para uma vida bem sucedida. Assim, se, por um lado, confirma-se a pertinência de tal política pública, por outro, observa-se uma acomodação às exigências do mercado de trabalho e ao “destino” usualmente suposto a estes jovens: de inserção profissional logo após a conclusão do ensino médio.
Liderança e gestão democrática na educação infantil
Authors: Amorim Cloves Antonio Amissis , Filipak Sirley Terezinha , Moro Catarina , Setin Joaquim Francisco Dias
Published: August 2018

A experiência profissional dos gestores é fator influente na qualidade do atendimento na educação infantil. Esse estudo teve como objetivos realizar uma breve revisão bibliográfica da gestão da educação infantil no Brasil e analisar a práxis de formação continuada desenvolvida junto a gestores dos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil (CMEIs). Participaram do estudo 180 gestores, todos do sexo feminino, em duas fases, no período de um ano letivo. Utilizou-se da metodologia da pesquisa-ação colaborativa e foram realizadas reuniões em grupos no Centro de Formação Continuada da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, divididos por núcleos regionais, com a apresentação e a discussão coletiva dos projetos realizados nos CMEIs. Os resultados indicaram que a gestão democrática na educação infantil demanda a compreensão da criança pequena como cidadão de direitos, bem como a própria concepção de gestão democrática. A educação infantil tem peculiaridades importantes, como organização do ambiente e planejamento das práticas educativas, incluindo o cuidado de rotinas. A revisão bibliográfica apontou para escassez na produção nacional específica de gestão educacional na educação infantil e múltiplas compreensões do significado de gestão democrática. Conclui-se que tem ocorrido avanços no campo da gestão democrática e que a participação da comunidade contribui para a transparência das decisões tomadas, mas ainda necessita ampliar o conceito de autonomia, bem como a participação das crianças. A superficialidade do conhecimento teórico sobre gestão democrática demanda formação continuada dos gestores e o permanente abandono do improviso no exercício da função.
Direito e Psicologia: duas faces de Jano?
Authors: Moreira Janice Strivieri Souza
Published: August 2018

O presente texto aborda a temática da interface entre as áreas do conhecimento Direito e Psicologia, especialmente no que tange a importância de um trabalho com característica interdisciplinar. Pautando-se na metáfora das faces do deus Jano, cuja origem é indoeuropéia, o texto tem como objetivo refletir a respeito da relevância dessa parceria na medida em que os impasses e conflitos com os quais o sistema de justiça tem que se a ver, apresentam relação direta com aspectos da condição humana que envolve sua subjetividade. O aumento da judicialização nas relações humanas tem indicado a necessidade desse duplo olhar para as demandas em questão. A proposta que aqui se apresenta, justifica-se pela complexidade das problemáticas que se anunciam ao sistema de justiça, entendendo que a objetividade característica dos estudos do campo do direito e a subjetividade idiossincrática nas realidades humanas quando concebidas como complementares podem ensejar uma parceria de grande relevância social.
Soil properties and carbon and nitrogen pools in a young hillside longan orchard after the introduction of leguminous plants and residues
Authors: Xiang Huimin , Zhang Yuan , Wei Hui , Zhang Jia-en , Zhao Benliang
Published: August 2018

The intensification of young hillside Dimocarpus longan orchard cultivation has led to increase soil erosion and decrease soil fertility in South China. Leguminous crops are often used for improving soil properties. An approximately 2-year-long field experiment in lateritic soil in South China was conducted to evaluate the effects of legume introductions on soil properties and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. Two leguminous and one non-leguminous plant species, including Arachis hypogaea L. (a leguminous oilseed crop species, DA), Stylosanthes guianensis (a perennial herbaceous leguminous species, DS) and Lolium perenne L. (an annual non-leguminous forage species, DL), were introduced into a D. longan orchard as three treatments and compared to the monoculture of D. longan (the control, D0). And the harvested biomass residues of the three cover plants were returned to their corresponding plots as green manure. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm approximately 2 years after treatment application. The results showed that, compared with D0, DA significantly improved the contents of soil available phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen, ammonium and the N pool. In addition, DS significantly increased the contents of DOC, microbial biomass carbon and ammonium in the soil. However, DL did not affect any soil properties or the C and N pools. In addition, neither DA nor DS altered the soil bulk density or the contents of available nitrogen, total organic carbon and the C pool. The improvement of soil properties by DS and DA was positively correlated with the plant residues amount, plant N content but negatively correlated with the plant C:N ratios. Besides, the plant growth of longan was significantly improved by DA. In conclusion, compared with that of S. guianensis, the introduction of A. hypogaea L. was more helpful for restoring and improving soil properties, N pool and longan growth within the young hillside orchard in South China.
Exploring The Social Marketing Impacts of Virtual Brand Community Engagement
Authors: Chiang I Ping , Tu Shou En , Wang Ling Hui
Published: August 2018

The number of people using online communities is rising. The study found that more consumers find and evaluate goods through social media networks. At the same time, marketers continue to promote brand recognition, but more importantly, to increase user engagement. However, the link between the brand community and social media has become the focus of the marketing staff and the public. But the academic research of the brand community and the social media in the past focused on brand loyalty. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore how virtual brand communities could create social impacts on their customers. This study will use a web survey from customers from Insightxplorer’s Cyber Panel who intend to adopt a social network service. Factor analysis will be conducted to confirm the induced factors from literature review. Furthermore, PLS will be used to determine the variation in social networking sites’ quality, brand communities’ engagement, virtual community and equity. Finally, in-depth discussions and conclusions will be provided to inform research and practice.

Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Virtual Brand Community, Brand Community Engagement

To cite this document: I Ping Chiang, Shou En Tu, and Ling Hui Wang, "Exploring The Social Marketing Impacts of Virtual Brand Community Engagement", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 143-164, 2018.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18086
DNAReplication: Prokaryotes
Authors: Smith Shanna J , Lingeman Robert G , Li Caroline M , Raoof Mustafa , Hickey Robert J , Malkas Linda H
Published: August 2018

The accurate replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is necessary to all biological life. DNA replication involves three distinct phases: initiation, elongation and termination, and the commonality runs through all types of living cellular‐based organisms. While all forms of life replicate DNA in a similar manner, higher order organisms tend to have more proteins and enzymes involved in the process, with complex mechanisms poorly understood. For this reason, bacteria and archaeans have proven to be valuable tools to be used to further our understanding of mammalian life. The most commonly characterised of the prokaryotes is the bacteriaEscherichia coli(E. coli) and its infecting phages (bacteriophages), with each having a mechanism unique to the process.

Key Concepts

The study of replication in prokaryotes has formed the basis of our understanding of replicative mechanisms common to all organisms.

Escherichia coli(E. coli) is an excellent bacterial system that can be used to study the three distinct stages of DNA replication: initiation, elongation and termination.

Bacteriophages represent a special group of prokaryote‐like systems that provide a platform to study specific mechanisms of replication in a more isolated and simplified manner.

Circular single‐stranded DNA bacteriophages, such as ΦX174, replicate their genome through an intermediate double‐stranded replicative form.

Double‐stranded DNA bacteriophages, such as λ, cyclise upon infection and replicate similar to their host.

T series bacteriophage systems do not cyclise upon infection, and have developed clever strategies to terminate DNA replication without loss of genetic information (3′ overhang problem).
A Primer on Reaction–Diffusion Models in Embryonic Development
Authors: Thompson Matthew J , Othmer Hans G , Umulis David M
Published: August 2018

A fundamental problem in developmental biology is understanding how complex patterns and organised tissues develop from a small group of nearly identical cells. A wealth of experimental data has exposed the complexity of the molecular networks guiding cellular decisions of organisation and patterning – networks whose output evolves over space and time as development progresses. Integrating this data into reaction–diffusion (RD) mathematical models that describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecular species during development provides a rigorous approach to test the plausibility of hypothesised mechanisms guiding pattern formation, to understand how the complexity is regulated and to optimise experimental design. RD modelling provides a complementary mode of inquiry that both depends on and informs experimental research. RD systems are used in developmental biology to model morphogen‐mediated pattern formation.

Key Concepts

Integrating wet lab experiments with spatiotemporal mathematical modelling enables greater hypothesis testing ability than either method alone.

Viewing developing embryos as engineered dynamical systems designed to satisfy performance objectives is a helpful mental framework for model‐based analysis in developmental biology.

Reaction‐transport equations (simplified to reaction–diffusion here) are indispensable when studying developmental patterning and morphogenesis.

Turing networks and positional information are the primary conceptual bases of pattern specification.

Model reproducibility is as important to consider as experimental reproducibility and should be the focus during implementation and communication of the model definition.
R
ed
Q
ueen Theory
Authors: da Silva Jack
Published: August 2018

The Red Queen theory was introduced to explain the apparent constancy of extinction rates. The theory states that extinction rates remain constant because taxa are in continuous evolutionary arms races with other taxa. This macroevolution version of the theory is not well supported. However, a microevolution version of the theory, in which species maintain constant levels of adaptation because of antagonistic coevolution, is well supported, especially for hosts and their parasites. The Red Queen hypothesis is now most often used to refer to the idea that host–parasite coevolution favours sexual reproduction. Meiotic recombination in hosts is proposed to generate rare genotypes, which are selectively favoured if parasites are adapted to the most common host genotypes. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the advantage of recombination in models of host–parasite coevolution is not entirely clear.

Key Concepts

The Red Queen theory was developed to explain the apparent constancy of extinction rates.

The theory proposes that continuous evolutionary arms races among species explain the constancy of extinction rates.

The Red Queen theory applied to macroevolution is not well supported.

The Red Queen theory applied to microevolution is well supported.

The theory is now mostly associated with the idea that host–parasite coevolution favours the evolution of sex.

Fluctuating fitness epistasis among genetic loci involved in the interaction between a host and its parasites may favour meiotic recombination.

Alternatively, recombination is favoured by selective interference among beneficial mutations in finite populations, and host–parasite coevolution maintains this interference.
Survival of Whirling-Disease-Resistant Rainbow Trout Fry in the Wild: A Comparison of Two Strains
Authors: Avila Brian W. , Winkelman Dana L. , Fetherman Eric R.
Published: August 2018

Introduced pathogens can affect fish populations, and three main factors affect disease occurrence: the environment, host, and pathogen. Manipulating at least one of these factors is necessary for controlling disease. Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite responsible for salmonid whirling disease, became established in Colorado during the 1990s and caused significant declines in wild Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss populations. Attempts to re-establish Rainbow Trout have focused on manipulating salmonid host resistance. A Rainbow Trout strain known as GR × CRR was developed for stocking in Colorado by crossing a whirling-disease-resistant strain known as the German Rainbow Trout (GR) with the Colorado River Rainbow Trout (CRR). The GR × CRR fish exhibit resistance similar to that shown by GR, and survival and reproduction were expected to be similar to those of CRR. One disadvantage of stocking GR × CRR is that outcrossing and backcrossing could decrease resistance, and laboratory studies have indicated that this can occur. A potential disadvantage of stocking pure GR is lower survival due to domestication. To compare fry survival between the strains, a field experiment was conducted in 1.6-km reaches of nine Colorado streams. Each stream was stocked in August 2014 with 5,000 GR × CRR and 5,000 GR individuals. In October 2014, April 2015, and August 2015, apparent survival was assessed. Two laboratory predation experiments were also conducted. The field experiment revealed that short-term apparent survival was influenced by stream, and growth rate was influenced by strain and stream. However, after 12 months, there was no difference in apparent survival or growth rate between the GR and GR × CRR strains. Laboratory experiments showed that survival did not differ between the strains when confronted with Brown Trout Salmo trutta predation. Our results indicate that the GR strain is a viable option for stocking in streams where M. cerebralis is enzootic. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether GR fish will survive to maturity and reproduce.
Thresholds in the Relationship of Quadriceps Strength With Functional Limitations in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bacon Kathryn L. , Segal Neil A. , Øiestad Britt Elin , Lewis Cora E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Brown Carrie , LaValley Michael P. , McCulloch Charles E. , Felson David T.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To investigate thresholds of strength below which individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) may have more difficulty carrying out physical functions of daily life. Individuals below such thresholds might benefit more from strengthening interventions than those with greater strength.

Methods

We studied individuals with symptomatic OA at baseline in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study who had knee extensor strength measured isokinetically at 60º/second. Participants underwent a 20‐meter walk test and a sit‐to‐stand test and answered questions from the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Physical function results were plotted against measures of quadriceps strength (Nm) (and as strength:body weight) for the worst knee. Loess technique was used to examine inflection points. Nonlinear relationships were examined in piecewise linear regression models. Differences were tested using linear and logistic regression models.

Results

The study had 834 participants (65.8% women). The mean ± SD age of the participants was 62.9 ± 7.9 years. In women, there were thresholds of strength below which the slope of strength versus function was steeper: walking speed (<58 Nm), chair stand time (<32 Nm), and the McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index functions of rising from a chair and getting on/off the toilet (<38 Nm). We found no thresholds in men. Loess analyses using strength:weight showed similar results.

Conclusion

In individuals with symptomatic knee OA, thresholds in the strength function relationship may help identify individuals, especially women, at the brink of disability insofar as strength and capacity for daily tasks. In those with low strength, small increments in strength may be associated with improvement in function and greater ease with common daily life, emphasizing the importance of preventing loss of strength.
Proportionate adaptive filtering algorithms based on mixed square/fourth error criterion with unbiasedness criterion for sparse system identification
Authors: Ma Wentao , Duan Jiandong , Cao Jiuwen , Li Yingsong , Chen Badong
Published: August 2018

Two novel adaptive filtering algorithms based on the mixed square/fourth error criterion are proposed for solving sparse system identification problems. Motivated by the fact that the proportionate update scheme can enhance the tracking ability of the system, we develop a proportionate least mean square/fourth (PLMS/F) algorithm in this paper. Combining the proportionate update scheme and the LMS/F algorithm, the proposed PLMS/F algorithm shows superiority for non‐Gaussian noise environments. Moreover, to further improve the performance of the PLMS/F algorithm in the noisy input cases, a bias‐compensated PLMS/F algorithm is developed by incorporating an unbiased criterion to compensate the bias caused by input noises. Simulation results in the context of the sparse system identification framework demonstrate that the proposed PLMS/F and bias‐compensated PLMS/F algorithms can achieve excellent identification performance in terms of steady‐state misalignment and convergence speed under noisy input and non‐Gaussian output noise environments.
Chemical Modification of Fiber‐Matrix Interfaces of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics and Methods for Interface Characterization
Authors: Abdul Hamid Zalikha Murni , Florea Mara , Fliegener Sascha , Schober Michael , Hohe Jörg , Rühe Jürgen
Published: August 2018

Depreciation of natural resources leads to an increasing demand for sustainable materials. Fiber‐reinforced plastics are known for combining low specific weight with high stiffness and toughness, making them the preferred material for the design of lightweight structures. However, one of the main problems with the use of this material is the limited recyclability of the material due to the necessity to split up the fiber and matrix composite into its constituents. Furthermore, the use recycled fibers require the use a recyclable sizing or alternatively, the cleaning, and re‐application of new sizing to the fibers. The goal of this paper is to introduce a method to improve the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers through a re‐usable chemical modification of the fiber‐matrix interface by using adhesion promoting coatings. The surface reactions in this approach are suitable for a wide spectrum of matrix systems. In a second part of the present paper, a characterization method for determination of the interface properties is suggested. For this purpose, micro tensile specimens are prepared and tested. The experiments are evaluated numerically using a finite element simulation based on 1:1 models of the specimens in conjunction with reverse engineering.
Remote Control of Intracellular Calcium Using Upconversion Nanotransducers Regulates Stem Cell Differentiation In Vivo
Authors: Kang Heemin , Zhang Kunyu , Pan Qi , Lin Sien , Wong Dexter Siu Hong , Li Jinming , Lee Wayne Yuk‐Wai , Yang Boguang , Han Fengxuan , Li Gang , Li Bin , Bian Liming
Published: August 2018

Remote control of stem cell differentiation in vivo by stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials with the use of tissue‐penetrative stimuli is an appealing strategy for versatile regulation in stem cell therapy. In this study, an upconversion nanotransducer (UCNT)‐based nanocomplex with photolabile caging of chondro‐inductive kartogenin (KGN) and/or either calcium chelator or calcium supplier (caged calcium), and subsequent coupling of integrin‐binding ligand via cyclodextrin‐adamantine supramolecular complexation is utilized. Near‐infrared (NIR)‐to‐ultraviolet light conversion by UCNT nanocomplex triggered intracellular photo‐uncaging and release of cargo molecules, thereby allowing direct regulation of real‐time intracellular calcium levels. While intracellular KGN delivery led to the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hypertrophic chondrocytes, NIR‐regulated intracellular calcium decrease and KGN delivery induced their differentiation into chondrocytes by inhibiting hypertrophy. Conversely, intracellular calcium increase and KGN delivery promoted the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts via endochondral pathway. To the best of knowledge, this is the first demonstration of utilizing NIR‐controllable nanomaterials for regulating stem cell differentiation by controlling intracellular calcium, both in vitro and in vivo. This versatile control can facilitate the translation of stem cells to remotely controlled treatment of diseases in composite tissues involving various cell types.
Nitrogen Fixation Reaction Derived from Nanostructured Catalytic Materials
Authors: Wang Shengyao , Ichihara Fumihiko , Pang Hong , Chen Hao , Ye Jinhua
Published: August 2018

An efficient nitrogen fixation reaction is highly desirable for obtaining the essential chemicals and energy carriers but remains a challenge due to the strong nonpolar bonding and considerable activation barrier of the NN triple bond (bond energy 940.95 kJ mol−1). Using an appropriate nanostructured catalyst that strongly interacts with nitrogen could promote adsorption and activation, lowering the energy barrier of nitrogen fixation and thus resulting in a relatively mild reaction. In this article, the review of the recent progress in nanostructured catalytic materials for nitrogen fixation is presented, including a comprehensive introduction and discussion on the pathway and mechanism of nitrogen fixation reaction, the recent achievements of a variety of nanostructured catalysts, and the kinds of catalytic nitrogen fixation reactions they are used in. In addition, the challenges faced by the reaction, strategies of catalyst design, and outlooks for further improving the performance of nitrogen fixation are also highlighted.
Nanostructured Conversion‐Type Negative Electrode Materials for Low‐Cost and High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Xiujuan , Wang Xuanpeng , Tan Xin , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: August 2018

Emerging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted a great attention as promising energy storage devices because of their low cost and resource abundance. Nevertheless, it is still a major challenge to develop anode materials with outstanding rate capability and excellent cycling performance. Compared to intercalation‐type anode materials, conversion‐type anode materials are very potential due to their high specific capacity and low cost. A new insight and summary on the recent research advances on nanostructured conversion‐type anode materials for SIBs is provided herein. The corresponding synthesis methods, sodium storage properties, electrochemical mechanisms, advanced techniques on studying the crystal structures, and optimization strategies for high‐performance batteries are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives for the future development of conversion‐type anode materials in the energy storage fields are proposed.
Superoleophobic Slippery Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces: Combining Two Extremes in the Same Surface
Authors: Dong Zheqin , Schumann Martin F. , Hokkanen Matti J. , Chang Bo , Welle Alexander , Zhou Quan , Ras Robin H. A. , Xu Zhenliang , Wegener Martin , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: August 2018

The ability to create superoleophobic surfaces repellent toward low‐surface‐tension liquids is important for various applications, and has been recently demonstrated using re‐entrant or doubly re‐entrant microtopography. Liquid droplets on such surfaces feature composite liquid–solid–air interfaces, whereas composite liquid–lubricant–air interfaces would have potential for additional repellency. Here, the development of a novel slippery superoleophobic surface with low adhesion is demonstrated via combining doubly re‐entrant microtopography with slippery lubricant‐infused porous surfaces. This is realized by using 3D direct laser writing to fabricate doubly re‐entrant micropillars with dedicated nanostructures on top of each pillar. The top nanostructures stabilize the impregnated slippery lubricant, while the re‐entrant geometry of the micropillars prevents lubricant from spreading. The slippery layer reduces the adhesion of liquid to the pillars, as proved using scanning droplet adhesion microscopy (SDAM), while the doubly re‐entrant micropillars make the surface superoleophobic. This novel interface combining two extremes, superoleophobicity and slippery lubricant‐infused surface, is of importance for designing superoleophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces with advanced liquid repellent, anti‐icing, or anti‐fouling properties.