bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language performance of sequential bilinguals on an Irish and English sentence repetition task
Authors: Antonijević-Elliott Stanislava , Durham Ruth , Chonghaile Íde Ní
Published: October 2021

Currently there are no standardized language assessments for English-Irish bilingual school age children that would test languages in a comparable way. There are also no standardized language assessments of Irish for this age group. The current study aimed to design comparable language assessments in both languages targeting structures known to be challenging for children with language impairments. A sentence repetition (SRep) task equivalent to the English SRep task (Marinis, Chiat, Armon-Lotem, Piper, & Roy, 2011) was designed for Irish. Twenty-four typically developing, sequential bilingual children immersed in Irish in the educational setting performed better on the English SRep task than on the Irish SRep task. Different patterns were observed in language performance across sentence types with performance on relative clauses being particularly poor in Irish. Similarly, differences were observed in error patterns with the highest number of errors of omission in Irish, and the highest number of substitution errors in English.
Calculation of the space charge distribution in poled soda-lime glass
Authors: Oven R
Published: October 2021

An analytical model of electric field assisted diffusion of ions into a multi-component glass is extended to calculate the space charge that forms between the poled layer and the potassium peak in a poled soda-lime glass. The model is compared with numerical solutions to the drift-diffusion equations and Poisson’s equation and shows good agreement. Some recent experimental results in corona poled soda-lime glass are also discussed using this model.
Growth, physiochemical and NLO properties study of novel L-alanine tri-sodium citrate single crystal
Authors: Hareeshkumar M R , Shankaramurthy G J , Alhadhrami A , Jagadeesh M R , Prasanna B M
Published: October 2021

A single crystal of nonlinear optical (NLO) of L-Alanine Trisodium Citrate (LATSC), an optically transparent crystal with a dimension 38 × 27 × 7 mm3, was grown by way of solvent evaporation technique. Through the result of crystal diffraction, it is confirmed that LATSC fit into the noncentrosymetric orthorhombic space group crystal system. The W-H method was used to find the crystallographic distortion, crystalline size and strain using the powder diffraction results. The FTIR study proves the presence of necessary functional groups through their respective diverse modes of vibrations. The melting point of 265.9 °C was noticed from thermal studies. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of LATSC is half of the reference KDP. The optical absorption study and associated optical parameters of the crystal were calculated using UV visible spectroscopy. The extended transparency for the incident light and the direct band gap of 4.23 eV along with the optical susceptibility of 3.519 were perceived. The hardness test revealed the considerable mechanical strength, moderate stiffness constant and yield strength of the crystal.
Two-dimensional analytical solution of micropolar magneto-thermoelasticity FGM hollow cylinder under asymmetric load (r, θ)
Authors: Dehbani Hossein , Jabbari Mohsen , Khorshidvand Ahmad Reza , Javadi Mehrdad
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a two-dimensional analytical solution (r, θ) to study micropolar magneto-thermoelasticity for a hollow cylinder, made of FGMs, under steady-state conditions. The physical properties of materials are in the form of a power function and undergo changes in the direction of the radius. To solve the heat transfer equation and Navier equations, the complex Fourier series and the power-law functions are used. By solving the equations using the general thermal and mechanical asymmetric boundary conditions on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder, radial displacement, circumferential displacement, force stresses, coupling stresses, and micro-rotation are obtained. Numerical examples of Aluminum-epoxy composite are presented for the three theories of classical, micropolar, and micropolar magneto thermoelasticity. Results indicated that the inner and outer surface of the cylinder subject to asymmetric harmonic temperature and mechanical distribution show that the values of the micropolar magnet theory are less than those of the classical theory and more than the values of the micropolar theory. Where harmonic radial stresses are applied to the inner surface of the cylinder, the values of the classical theories correspond to those of the micropolar theory. The presence of a magnetic field makes differences between the values of the micropolar magnet theory and the values of the two classical and micropolar theories. The study was validated by examining an example of homogenous materials under ambient conditions.
The Investigation of the Dynamical Evolution of Extrasolar Three-planetary System GJ 3138
Authors: Perminov Alexander , Kuznetsov Eduard
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to studying the dynamical evolution and orbital stability of compact extrasolar three-planetary system GJ 3138. In this system, all semimajor axes are less than 0.7 au. The modeling of planetary motion is performed using the averaged semi-analytical motion theory of the second order in planetary masses, which the authors construct. Unknown and known with errors orbital elements vary in allowable limits to obtain a set of initial conditions. Each of these initial conditions is applied for the modeling of planetary motion. The assumption about the stability of observed planetary systems allows to eliminate the initial conditions leading to excessive growth of the orbital eccentricities and inclinations and to identify those under which these orbital elements conserve moderate values over the whole modeling interval. Thus, it becomes possible to limit the range of possible values of unknown orbital elements and determine their most probable values in terms of stability.
Experimental inference of neutral and impurity transport in Alcator C-Mod using high-resolution x-ray and ultra-violet spectra
Authors: Sciortino F. , Howard N.T. , Reksoatmodjo R. , Foster A.R. , Hughes J.W. , Marmar E.S. , Miller M.A. , Mordijck S. , Odstrčil T. , Pütterich T. , Reinke M.L. , Rice J.E. , Rodriguez-Fernandez P.
Published: October 2021

We present experimental inferences of cross-field impurity transport coefficients for AlcatorC-Mod plasmas without edge-localized modes, leveraging a novel forward model for the entire Ca K
α
spectrum, including satellite lines within the spectral range, to compare to high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectroscopy (XICS). These measurements are complemented by extreme ultra-violet (EUV) spectroscopy that constrains transport closer to the edge. Using new atomic data sets for both XICS and EUV analysis has enabled consideration of line ratios across both spectral ranges and has increased the accuracy of inferred transport coefficients. Inclusion of charge exchange between edge thermal neutrals and impurities is shown to be extremely important in C-Mod pedestals. Atomic D neutral densities from experimental D Ly
α
measurements at the midplane are compared to SOLPS-ITER simulations, finding good agreement. Bayesian inferences of impurity transport coefficients are presented for L-, EDA H-, and I-mode discharges, making use of the Aurora package for forward modeling and combining our spectroscopic constraints. Experimentally inferred diffusion profiles are found to match turbulent transport models at midradius within uncertainties, using both quasilinear gyro-fluid TGLF SAT-1 and nonlinear ion-scale gyrokinetic CGYRO simulations. Significant discrepancies in convection are observed in some cases, suggesting difficulties in predictions of flat or hollow impurity profiles.
Three-dimensional visualization of a beta-emitting nuclide by combining a directional Geiger-Mueller counter and structure from motion
Authors: Sato Y. , Minemoto K. , Nemoto M.
Published: October 2021

At the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) where an accident occurred due to a large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, understanding the distribution of radioactive substances is important to reduce the exposure dose to workers and establish decontamination plans. We focused on the importance of visualizing beta-emitting radiation sources in addition to gamma-emitting ones and proposed a method for three-dimensionally (3D) visualizing the location of beta-emitting radiation sources, which is important in discussing the effective dose for the crystalline lens of the eye. In this report, we have developed a technique to visualize the location of beta-emitting radiation sources in 3D by combining a directional Geiger-Mueller counter (G-M counter) with Structure from Motion (SfM). An image of 90Sr beta-ray source reconstructed using a beta-ray detector was projected onto a 3D model of the measurement area created using SfM, and the source location is identified in 3D. Additionally, we estimated the radioactivity of the visualized source. Then, by combining the beta-ray detector with a Compton camera, distinguishing between beta- and gamma-emitting radiation sources was possible. This study was based on the concept of integrated radiation imaging system (iRIS), which integrates multiple radiation detectors and environmental recognition devices.
Untangling adaptive capacity in tourism: a narrative and systematic review
Authors: Phan Loan Thi , Jou Sue-Ching , Lin Jiun-Chuan
Published: October 2021

This study examines peer-reviewed literature on adaptive capacity (AC) in tourism under the condition of climate change adaptation for the publication period of 1990–2019. We analyze and visualize existing research using a combined approach of narrative and systematic reviews and employing software such as NVIVO 12, Python 3.8, and Gephi 0.9.2. We first investigate policy transitions toward sustainable adaptation in tourism and then analyze the systematization of tourism reflected in the definitions of AC. Next, we conduct an in-depth analysis of evolutions in tourism adaptation by interpreting the occurrences and interactions of three main streams of AC: resource, social-psychological, socio-ecological. We conclude that diverse methodologies in tourism research on adaptation contribute to augmenting the quantitative measurement of social factors influencing AC. The findings provide insights into how to improve the adaptation process and advance germane theoretical debates, particularly on the role of human factors in human–nature relationships aimed at developing sustainability.
Identifying the need for locally-observed wet bulb globe temperature across outdoor athletic venues for current and future climates in a desert environment
Authors: Guyer Haven , Georgescu Matei , Hondula David M , Wardenaar Floris , Vanos Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Exertional heat illness and stroke are serious concerns across youth and college sports programs. While some teams and governing bodies have adopted the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), few practitioners use measurements on the field of play; rather, they often rely on regionally modeled or estimated WBGT. However, urban development-induced heat and projected climate change increase exposure to heat. We examined WBGT levels between various athletic surfaces and regional weather stations under current and projected climates and in hot-humid and hot-dry weather regimes in the southwest U.S. in Tempe, Arizona. On-site sun-exposed WBGT data across five days (07:00–19:00 local time) in June (dry) and August (humid) were collected over five athletic surfaces: rubber, artificial turf, clay, grass, and asphalt. Weather station data were used to estimate regional WBGT (via the Liljegren model) and compared to on-site, observed WBGT. Finally, projected changes to WBGT were modeled under mid-century and late-century conditions. On-field WBGT observations were, on average, significantly higher than WBGT estimated from regional weather stations by 2.4 °C–2.5 °C, with mean on-field WBGT across both months of 28.5 ± 2.76 °C (versus 25.8 ± 3.21 °C regionally). However, between-athletic surface WBGT differences were largely insignificant. Significantly higher mean WBGTs occurred in August (30.1 ± 2.35 °C) versus June (26.9 ± 2.19 °C) across all venues; August conditions reached ‘limit activity’ or ‘cancellation’ thresholds for 6–8 h and 2–4 h of the day, respectively, for all sports venues. Climate projections show increased WBGTs across measurement locations, dependent on projection and period, with average August WBGT under the highest representative concentration pathway causing all-day activity cancellations. Practitioners are encouraged to use WBGT devices within the vicinity of the fields of play, yet should not rely on regional weather station estimations without corrections used. Heat concerns are expected to increase in the future, underlining the need for athlete monitoring, local cooling design strategies, and heat adaptation for safety.
Culturally appropriate shifts in staple grain consumption can improve multiple sustainability outcomes
Authors: Wei Dongyang , Davis Kyle Frankel
Published: October 2021

Diets exercise great influence over both human and environmental health. While numerous efforts have sought to define and identify sustainable diets, there remains a poor understanding of the extent to which such shifts are feasible when taking into account local dietary preferences. Accounting for 40% of dietary calories and 46% of global cropland, cereals offer an important food group by which culturally appropriate dietary shifts may achieve large sustainability benefits. Here we combine country-specific information on dietary cereal supply with nutrient content values, CO2 nutrient penalties, and environmental footprints to quantify the outcomes of adopting two feasible dietary shifts—maximizing the share of C4 cereals (e.g. maize, millet, sorghum) based on historical shares and increasing the share of whole grains. Our results show that increasing the share of whole grains can increase nutrient supply (+7% protein, +37% iron, +42% zinc) and overcome the nutrient-depleting effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and that maximizing the share of C4 cereals can substantially reduce environmental burden (−12% greenhouse gas emissions, −11% blue water demand), particularly in Africa and the Middle East. We also find that a combination of the two strategies would likely produce strong co-benefits between increased nutrient supply and reduced environmental impacts with mixed outcomes for offsetting the effects of eCO2. Such simultaneous improvements are particularly important for food insecure regions such as West Africa and Southeast Asia. These findings demonstrate important opportunities to identify sustainable diets that incorporate local preferences and cultural acceptability. Such considerations are essential when developing demand-side solutions to achieve more sustainable food systems.
Earthquake risk assessment of the Opak and Merapi-Merbabu active faults to support mitigation program in Yogyakarta province and its vicinity
Authors: Murjaya J , Pramumijoyo S , Karnawati D , Daryono  , Meilano I , Supendi P , Ahadi S , Marliyani G I , Imananta  , Syukur F , Sianipar D S , Krisno A
Published: October 2021

Based on historical records, Yogyakarta has a high seismic risk related to the earthquake events along active faults, such as the Opak and Merapi-Merbabu Faults. These faults were responsible for several destructive earthquakes in Yogyakarta City and its vicinity and caused fatalities and building damage in the area, e.g., the 2006 (Mw 6.3) Yogyakarta earthquake and earlier in 1943 and 1867. A previous study shows that the Opak Fault has a geodetic slip-rate of 5 mm/y and a potential magnitude Mw 6.6. In addition, the active Merapi-Merbabu Fault has a geodetic slip-rate of 1 mm/y and a potential magnitude Mw 6.6. We used scaling law relations of earthquake parameters and magnitude scenarios to estimate the recurrence time of each fault based on a kinematic model. Our results estimate that the earthquake return period (Tr) for the Opak Fault (Mw 6.6) is ∼162 years, the maximum intensity is ∼VII-VIII MMI scale, the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is ∼36 % g, and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) is ∼ 30 cm/s for a 5 km hypocentral depth. In the meantime, the earthquake return period for the Merapi-Merbabu Fault (Mw 6.6) is estimated to be ∼810 years, the maximum intensity is ∼ VI-VII MMI, the PGA is ∼ 30-36 % g, and the PGV is ∼ 21-24 cm/s for a 5 km hypocentre depth. Both faults potentially produce destructive earthquakes (Mw > 6.0) in Yogyakarta City and its vicinity. Therefore, assessments of (paleo) earthquakes are needed of both the Opak Fault and the Merapi-Merbabu Fault to support the long-term earthquake hazard mitigation program.
Characteristic of 27th September – 7th October 2017 earthquake swarms in Jailolo Volcano, West Halmahera, Indonesia, based on hypocenter and b-value
Authors: Astuti A P , Arifuddin N S , Tahir M I , Elsera E M , Massinai M F I
Published: October 2021

Halmahera is an area with active tectonics, so it has a high level of seismicity. Swarm earthquakes occurred in Jailolo from November to December 2015, and then in 2017, another earthquake swarm occurred from September to October. This earthquake is characterized by an increase in the number of earthquakes in a certain period with a relatively small magnitude, without mainshocks, and occurs in volcanic areas. This research used arrival time from P and S waves recorded at Taide Digital Seismograph (TDS) which was positioned at Ternate Geophysical Station (TNTI). We used cross-section on hypocenter to see the depth distribution using GMT and determination of b-value using ZMAP code. From the results of this study, the variation in the magnitude of the earthquake swarm obtained ranged from 0.7 to 5.0 with a depth of 7.7-12 km. Our results show a b-value of aproximately 1.0 in the area near Jailolo Volcano, 1.0-1.5 in the northwest of Jailolo and 1.0-2.0 in the southeastern part of Jailolo. Based on b-value we obtained, the characteristics of the Jailolo swarm earthquake tend to be influenced by magmatic activity.
GIS-based study of tsunami risk in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Central Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Steinritz V , Pena-Castellnou S , Marliyani G I , Reicherter K
Published: October 2021

The island of Java is located above a plate boundary within the Indonesian archipelago as part of the volcanic arc resulting from the subduction of the Indo–Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate. Due to its emplacement, it is exposed to several geohazards, including active volcanoes and earthquakes, and its secondary effects (e.g., landslides, tsunamis). Tsunamis have repeatedly hit Java; for example, the 17th of July 2006 caused by an Mw 7.8 earthquake off the coast of western Java, or the 22nd of December 2018 triggered by the collapse of the flank of Anak Krakatau during its eruption. In most cases, tsunamis have a destructive coastal impact and can cause a significant loss of lives. Therefore, it is of high importance to determine areas situated in tsunami risk zones and estimate plans for risk reduction and prevention. We present an ArcGIS-based method to calculate tsunami risk zones for the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Central Java), including the calculation of hazard zones, vulnerability zones, and the estimation of highly exposed areas. The final risk map reflects the current risk zones in the occurrence of a tsunami and should be recalculated and re-evaluated if the environmental and socio-economic conditions change. The results can be used as a base for tsunami evacuation plans and site planning.
Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method in Indonesian Tropical Area
Authors: Hendrayana H , Widyastuti M , Riyanto I A , Nuha A , Widasmara M Y , Ismayuni N , Rachmi I N
Published: October 2021

The Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method has been widely applied in the world, one of which is in Indonesia. However, almost all studies using the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method in Indonesia are not validated. Considering that the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance study makes it easier to study hydrology, especially in areas that do not yet have complete and evenly distributed hydrological and meteorological stations. The research locations are in the Wampu sub-watershed, Serayu sub-watershed, Ayung sub-watershed, and Tondano sub-watershed. The method used is the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance with input data on rainfall, temperature, land use, latitude, and soil texture. The validation test was performed using the RMSE equation from the runoff model compared to the observation runoff (river discharge data). The RMSE results of the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance method in the Ayung sub-watershed (42.42%), Serayu sub-watershed (53.77) Wampu sub-watershed (65.58%) and Tondano sub-watershed (83.68%) were classified as weak correlation categories. The comparison results of the Thornthwaite method in tropical areas had greater rain, potential evapotranspiration, and runoff values than other climatic areas. Based on the result, we need to modify the Thornthwaite and Mather method for tropical areas and add a range of 25-30 years of climate data.
Stable isotopes changes in groundwater: a case study in Mudal and Clapar springs, West Progo
Authors: T Listyani R A
Published: October 2021

Hydroisotope studies were carried out on Mudal and Clapar springs located in the central part of the West Progo Dome. The research was conducted by taking samples of groundwater in each spring for three periods, representing the rainy (2016), dry (2017), and rainy (2018) seasons. Data on stable isotope content of18O and D were analyzed to see the hydroisotope characteristics of groundwater and their relationship to climate change. The results show that the stable isotope content of groundwater in both springs was relatively stable, with insignificant changes over time and season. Mudal springs tend to show light isotopes, indicating deep aquifer or high elevation recharge, less affected by the season. Clapar spring shows heavy isotopes, which may be sourced from a shallow aquifer with mixing/evaporation processes and are more influenced by the season. Meanwhile, the range value of δD in the two springs shows slightly - totally changes, indicating that the D content also changes due to seasons, although it is small. The δD enrichment shows the medium-large change in both spring springs, but uncertainty in Mudal. However, the D-excess value shows that the dry and rainy season conditions, which may be related to temperature or precipitation, are not much different.
Preliminary conceptual model of the Arjuno Welirang hydrogeological system, and comparison with the Bromo Tengger: An illustration of the hydrogeological systems diversity in volcanic areas
Authors: Baud B , Lachassagne P , Jourde H , De Montety V , Fadillah A , Dörfliger N , Hendrayana H , Rachmansyah A
Published: October 2021

While basaltic volcanic aquifers are well described in the literature, andesitic groundwater systems are less studied. Nevertheless, these aquifers supply a large population in all the subduction areas, where this volcanism mainly occurs. In Indonesia, the growing needs of the population induce an increase of the pressure on such aquifers. We present in this paper the case study of the Arjuno-Welirang, and compare it with a well-known hydrogeological system, the Bromo-Tengger. Based on geological, geomorphological, and water chemistry data, this study highlights the diversity of andesitic history inherent to this kind of volcanism, and its strong implications on the groundwater availability downstream. The aim of this paper is also to show that simple investigations can help building a preliminary conceptual model (PCM) of complex volcanic settings. Such PCM is needed to define further detailed hydrogeological investigations required to set-up aquifer exploitation, management and preservation rules.
Estimation of the subsurface sedimentary structure of Amarapura township (Mandalay Region) based on microtremor survey
Authors: Thein P S , Kyaw K M O , Kiyono J , Pramumijoyo S , Nu T T , Khaing K H , Than W M , Win T T , Thant M
Published: October 2021

In this study, we investigated the underground structure for Amarapura township, Mandalay region. One of the major structures in Myanmar is the Sagaing Fault system. Several powerful earthquakes have struck along the Sagaing Fault during recent years, one of the largest of which was an M 7.0 event that occurred on July 16, 1956 and caused several casualties. Following the event, we conducted a microtremor survey to estimate the shaking intensity distribution during the earthquake. Seven boreholes were drilled throughout the basin, especially in Amarapura township to evaluate the geotechnical properties of subsurface soil layers. The H/V analysis of the noise measurements reveals frequency peak values ranging from 0.5 to 3 Hz on the Amarapura township. The shear wave velocity becomes less than 190 m/s in some areas, which causes severe damage for buildings in high probability. The sediment thickness values range from less than 50 m to greater than 320 m on Amarapura township, Mandalay region. In this way, the accomplished work has contributed to the characterization of the underground structure and the identification of sites prone to amplify soil shaking during a possible strong earthquake.
Regression kriging analysis for predicting the shallow depth water from Sentinel-2 satellite multi-spectral images, study area: Coastline of Florida, USA
Authors: Dewanto B G , Arifianto I , Suhendi C , Fittipaldi M
Published: October 2021

The shallow depth water mapping has become important to the study of morphology and resources management of the coastal area. Moreover, for city or urban planning, it can be used for determining the proper location for seaport or tourist destination areas such as diving spots, coral reef monitoring, etc. However, the acquisition of shallow depth water data in a large area is somehow costly. In this paper, we represent an approach of mapping the high accuracy bathymetry with input from open satellite access data and some point measurement of bathymetry in the field (can be from LiDAR, Fathometer, Single Beam, or Multi-Beam). The study area is located in the Florida coastline, the USA that has satellite data from Sentinel-2 while the bathymetry is from a single beam survey. The method is combining satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) with the regression kriging analysis, which shows a better depth water prediction compared to the SDB alone or the ordinary kriging method. The statistical result of the bathymetry shows the regression kriging has a better mean value, standard deviation and coefficient correlation compared to the true bathymetry value. Thus, this method can be utilized as an alternative method to map shallow depth water.
Petrogenesis of Botorubuh igneous rocks at Gunungkidul: A preliminary study for paleomagmatism phenomenon in the southern beach of Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Authors: Sari Y K , Titisari A D , Warmada I W , Hakim F
Published: October 2021

Botorubuh Beach is located at Southern Beach of Gunungkidul, in the Southern Mountain of Yogyakarta - Indonesia and is a promontory composed of Middle - Late Miocene igneous rock with a columnar jointing structure. This isolated igneous rock area is surrounded by limestone. Therefore, the regional geological map of Surakarta-Giritontro classifies this area as the Punung-Wonosari Formation which is dominated by limestone. Because of the geological phenomenon of the isolated igneous rock area, it is necessary to study the petrogenesis of the igneous rocks at the area. The petrogenesis research is based on a preliminary study of the petrographical and geochemical characteristics of this igneous rock samples. The petrographic identification of andesite samples shows porphyritic, trachytic, oscillatory zoning, and sieve textures. The results of geochemical analysis (major and trace elements) show that the rock samples are are classified to andesite rocks and calc-alkaline suites. These rocks are enriched in LILEs (Rb, Ba, K) and depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ti, Ce). Additionally, REE shows a slight enrichment of light-REE and a slight negative anomaly of Eu. The patterns of the trace elements including REE show a typical pattern of calc alkaline arc. Petrographical and geochemical characteristics suggest evidence of magma differentiation process, that is by a mechanism of crystallization fractionation. The andesite was formed in relation to a Middle – Late Miocene paleomagmatism and the Late Miocene-Pliocene subduction zone.
Textural and mineralogical characteristics of sand grains of Oyo River Deposit at Yogyakarta, Indonesia: implications on sedimentation and origin
Authors: Lubis I F , Titisari A D , Irsani N S
Published: October 2021

Oyo river deposit is one of the potential resources for small scale sand mining in Yogyakarta. The deposit extends along the upstream to downstream area of the river. A detailed study on textural and mineralogical characterization is aimed for better understanding of Oyo River sedimentation and provenance. Ten sediment samples were analyzed by using granulometry method, these include grain size, morphological and mineralogical analysis. The result shows that the average of grain size changes from coarse sand (0.88 mm) in the upstream to medium sand (0.37 mm) in the downstream. Sorting value is dominated by moderately sorted (0.7lφ - 0.94φ), skewness is dominated by very fine skewed (0.3φ - l.l0φ), and kurtosis is dominated by extremely leptokurtic (2.8φ - 6.5φ). Meanwhile for the grain shape is dominated by oblate and bladed, sphericity changes from elongate to subequant, roundness is dominated by subangular and subequant. Mineralogical composition consists of magnetite, hematite, pyroxene, amphibole, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment. Plotting result on triangular QFL (Quartz Feldspar Lithic-fragment) diagram shows that the provenance of Oyo River sand deposit is coming from dissected arc tectonic setting.
Effects of the spatial and temporal resolution of meteorological data on the accuracy of precipitation estimation by means of CNN
Authors: Nagasato T , Ishida K , Yokoo K , Kiyama M , Amagasaki M
Published: October 2021

Future climate projections are valuable datasets to investigate the impacts of future climate changes on natural disasters such as intense precipitation, severe flood, and drought. However, they are too coarse depending on the purpose, and downscaling is required in such a case. There is nowadays a downscaling technique using deep learning such as CNN. Atmospheric information can be used as an input for precipitation downscaling by means of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). For such precipitation downscaling, the spatial and temporal resolution of the atmospheric information may be important. This study obtained atmospheric information from a coarser reanalysis dataset and a finer reanalysis dataset as input for precipitation downscaling. As a coarser reanalysis dataset, ERA-Interim was selected. As a finer reanalysis dataset, ERA5 was utilized. Then, this study investigated the effect of spatial and temporal resolution of input data on the estimation accuracy of precipitation downscaling by CNN. For simplification, daily average precipitation at a watershed was used as the target data. The results show advantage of the use of a higher resolution as input can improve the model accuracy.
Gas geochemistry analysis in Candradimuka Crater, Mount Lawu, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Bagaskara M F , Oktaviani A D , Setyadi R , Yoga D A , Sahdarani D N , Kurniadi D T
Published: October 2021

Mount Lawu is a stratovolcano in Central Java that holds a large geothermal energy potential. Within Mount Lawu Geothermal Area, several thermal manifestations could be located one of them being Candradimuka Crater located at the proximity of Mount Lawu peak. This study aims to assess the gas geochemistry in Candradimuka Crater by obtaining gas sample within the crater area. Gas geochemistry analysis uses geothermometer, geoindicator, and N2-He-Ar ternary diagram to analyse the subsurface condition. The analysis reveals that the fluid circulating in the crater originated from meteoric water and that Mount Lawu reservoir temperature ranged between 250°C - 289°C. Based on geological observation and gas geochemistry, Candradimuka Crater is located within the upflow zone of Mount Lawu.
Characteristics and utilization of clay minerals in Kuwu Mud Volcano, Kradenan District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province
Authors: S Sari I G A A , Warmada I W
Published: October 2021

The benefits of clay minerals are currently numerous. Therefore, this study aims to determine clay minerals’ characteristics in the mud material recommended for use, especially in the ceramic and cosmetic industry. This research is located in Bledug Kuwu, in Kuwu Village, Kradenan District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province. Bledug Kuwu produces mudflows composed of gravel, sand, silt, plastic clay, and water. Field observations and sampling were carried out on any differences in the morphology of the existing mud volcanoes, namely inactive craters and active griffins, with an average area of about 0.8–5 meters of mud material distribution. Samples were prepared to analyze X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, grain size distribution, plasticity test, swelling test, shrinkage limit test, and specific gravity. The results of the analysis show that the dominant clay minerals were smectite, followed by kaolinite and illite minerals, with dominant clay to silt grain sizes, plasticity levels of 24.78% to 55.48%, swelling percentage of 7.8%. up to 12.5%, with shrinkage limits of 9.36% to 14.83%, specific gravity values of 2.50–2.84, cation exchange capacity (CEC) values of 9.96–20.47 meq/100g, and the pH value shows the numbers 8.01– 8.40. These characteristics can be recommended to use clay minerals as raw material for cosmetics and ceramics.
Overpressure’s top and generating mechanism in “APR” block, North Sumatra offshore area
Authors: Pradana A , Setyowiyoto J , Prasetyo B , Haidar W
Published: October 2021

The offshore North Sumatra Basin is one of the hydrocarbon-prone basins in Indonesia. The Malacca Formation acts as the reservoir in this basin. However, there are some drilling problems caused by abnormal pore pressures. Overpressure analysis is carried out so that drilling activities are avoided from drilling problems such as kicks, blowouts, stuck pipes, loss circulation, and collapse. This study aims to analyze the overpressure in the “APR” block, offshore North Sumatra Basin, which includes determine the depth of the top overpressure and the mechanism of overpressure formation. In the research area, analysis of 3 exploration wells was carried out. Overpressure is analyzed based on well log data, and pressure test data using the Eaton method (1975) supported by other data such as LOT (Leak-Off Test) data, drilling reports, mudlogs. At Well A, top overpressure depth is ± 3235 ft TVDSS (true vertical depth sub sea). At Well P, top overpressure depth is ± 3065 ft TVDSS, and at Well R, top overpressure depth is ± 2901 ft TVDML (true vertical depth mud line). The overpressure generating mechanism in the study area is caused by the loading mechanism (disequilibrium compaction) and caused by the nonloading mechanism (hydrocarbon buoyancy).
Reservoirs resistivity correction factor in low resistivity pyritic sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Winardi S , Surjono S S , Amijaya D H , Suryanto W
Published: October 2021

The presence of pyrite in sandstone reservoirs will cause a problem known as low resistivity reservoirs case. The impact of pyrite volume in sandstone reservoirs is very important to be determined, especially to conduct its resistivity correction factor (Rcf). This research was done in the laboratory used nine sandstone pseudo-cores with various pyrite contents. Some data parameters such as voltage (V) and current (I) are directly measured and others (resistance R and reservoirs resistivity Rt) are calculated. The resistivity of pseudo-core data is calculated using the combined method between Ohm Law and Wenner. The result of this research shows that pyrite will reduce sandstone reservoirs resistivity exponentially. Pyrite will significantly reduce reservoirs resistivity if its presence > 4% and the Rt needs to be corrected. Plotting data between Rt and pyrite volume number for every Sw line can guide us to build a resistivity correction factor (Rcf). This Rcf will drive us to obtain the original resistivity reservoirs (Rto) from apparent well log resistivity reading (Ra) in case of low resistivity caused by pyrite mineral.
Petrographic composition of coke product from Batu Ayau Formation Coking Coal, Kutai Basin, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Farhan M L , Amijaya D H
Published: October 2021

The Batu Ayau Formation in the Kutai Basin has coking coal deposits that have the potential to be processed into coke. Analysis using organic petrography method is an important parameter to identify the composition of the coke product to determine the coke quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the coke products made from coking coal of Batu Ayau Formation in Kutai Basin, Central Kalimantan. Petrographic analysis on 12 samples obtained in Kal-Teng seam showed that the percentage of coke products varied. Carbon in the binder phase is 85.60 - 92 vol.%, then the form of carbon in the filler phase is 7.45- 13.64 vol.% and a small part of other than carbon material (miscellaneous categories) of 0-0.73% vol. The dominance of inert organic as a filler of the coke wall was identified. The studied coke which is originally made from coking coal with moderate volatile values shows that the coke is ideal in term of its petrographic composition.
Ways to solve ecological problems of natural ecosystems amid constantly increasing anthropogenic load
Authors: Bandurin M A , Bandurina I P
Published: October 2021

The article describes the impact of human activities on the environment. In general, arable farming leads to more significant changes in natural biocenoses than cattle breeding. Steppes plowing, deforestation and forest burning aimed to obtain arable land as well as construction of irrigation systems have radically changed the natural landscapes. The article considers the state of natural ecosystems to date. The work emphasizes that the main receiver of pollution is water bodies, mostly small rivers. The need for measures aimed to reduce the degree of environmental pollution, specifically, at minimizing anthropogenic impacts on nature, is noted. The most significant changes in nature occurred with the development of industry. Industrial production has required more and more natural resources in the economic turnover. In connection with their intensive exploitation, the share of lands used for industrial development of minerals, the construction of roads, settlements, and the creation of reservoirs has increased. The exploitation of natural resources being spontaneous and ever-increasing in its pace and scale leads to their rapid depletion and increasing environment pollution. Substantially, man, engaged in agriculture, created new artificial (anthropogenic) systems being agrocenoses, deliberately controlled by the selection of cultivated plants, reclamation, agricultural technology, the use of fertilizers and pesticides, harvesting, etc.
Kinetics of cyclone dust flotation separation in polluting industries
Authors: Kolosov A D , Kondrat’ev V V , Guseva E A , Konstantinova M V
Published: October 2021

This article describes the study of the kinetics of flotation separation of silicate and carbon dust phases of silicon cyclones. For research, we selected 50 samples of dust gas purification production of silicon to the Silicon situated in the city of Shelekhov of the Irkutsk region. The dust caught by bag filters can be applied as an additive in concrete, rubber products or subjected to processing for expansion of a scope of application. Silicate and carbonate phase of the cyclone dust silicon production separately represent the products in demand. The cost depends on the degree of purity, structure and particle size distribution. Describes the basic dependence of the flotation nanoscale this part of carbon and microsilica. Micro particles inherent in the formation of stable heterogeneous conglomerates. Dissimilar particles can both be introduced into the foam product and remain in the chamber reducing the quality of concentrates. To solve this problem, pulp conditioning is used with the help of sonochemical installations, which contributes to the separation of a large number of conglomerates. The effect of aeration on the flotation process of nanoscale particles is described. Conducting experiments on laboratory experimental flotation machine in different modes and with different flotation reagents. A method of conditioning the pulp, which increases the efficiency of flotation and, as a consequence, the quality of the output products. The dependences of the foam layer height on the concentration of the foaming agent, the dependence of the quality and quantity of the output products on the time and flotation regime are constructed. Important conditions for providing a high degree of separation of micro-sized media are determined. This solution was developed for the enrichment of the cyclone dust gas purification silicon. The study identified the main features of the flotation separation of silicate and carbon phases of cyclone dust. The technical solutions allowing to make effective separation despite the revealed features are offered. Application of this technology leads to reduction of sludge accumulation near silicon plants and production of innovative modifiers for various industries.
Designing the power supply system of the region with the integration of hydrogen energy facilities
Authors: Ageev V A , Golobokov S V , Dushutin K A , Pyataev Yu K
Published: October 2021

The paper considers the methodology of designing a distribution network by the example of the Penza region in Russia. We performed a simulation of operating modes and optimization of the distribution network topology. The power balance in the power system was performed in autonomous mode. Recommendations were given on the placement of renewable energy sources (RES) on the ground and the selection of their capacity. The total capacity of renewable energy generation facilities exceeds the design load 3 times. A balancing load is included in the power system to increase the efficiency of renewable energy generation facilities. Electrolysis hydrogen stations consume excess electricity generation during the periods of favourable weather conditions. Hydrogen is stored in the warehouses and can be used at the thermal power plants during periods when weather conditions are unfavourable and the generation of renewable energy sources is insufficient to supply the region.
Analysis of the heat recovery potential in the classroom
Authors: Nikitina V A , Nikitin A A , Sulin A B , Ryabova T V , Makatov K
Published: October 2021

Buildings especially heating systems consume a prodigious amount of energy. In this case, the heated exhaust air from the premises is simply thrown out into the external environment, into the street. In this work, such air is considered as a secondary energy resource formed from the internal loads of the room. The study of the dynamics of changes in the power of internal loads and their influence on the operation of the heat exchanger installed on the exhaust was carried out using the Energy Plus software package. The simulation result showed the potential of using the heat of the exhaust air as an energy resource. The recovered heat from the extract air can be used to partially reduce the energy consumption for the heating system.
Research of the features of measuring ozone-depleting substances
Authors: Tyurikova E P , Kustikova M A , Maiurova A S , Bykovskaia E A , Timofeeva I V
Published: October 2021

Monitoring of ozone-depleting substances takes place in global climate policy. To ensure accounting of used and transported ozone-depleting substances, it is necessary to develop high spectral identification systems. Multicomponent refrigerants with a high ozone-depleting potential and a potential for global warming are considered as ozone-depleting substances. The features of refrigerants as objects of research are described. Based on the characteristics of refrigerants, such identification methods as chromatography-mass spectrometry, absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were reviewed. Comparative analysis of refrigerant identification methods has been performed. According to the results of the data obtained in the analysis of refrigerants, the Raman spectroscopy method was chosen as the most selective one. The block-diagram for the identification system for ozone-depleting substances was proposed and experimental studies of the refrigerant R-22 were carried out.
Current trends and key limitations of climate-related disclosure by Russian companies
Authors: Vozykova S , Kustikov Y A
Published: October 2021

Climate-related disclosure and reporting have become major topics of the discussion among the key players influencing business decisions in the past few years. The United Kingdom and other countries’ plans regarding mandatory climate-related disclosure for the major listed companies, investors’ enquires about CDP questionnaires to be filled and European Union actively promoting its carbon neutral plans influence Russian business community decisions. In order to comply with the latest trends and future demands it is critical to assess corporate carbon footprint correctly, especially for the most carbon intensive companies specialising in mining and steel production, which can be seriously affected by the forecasted EU Carbon Border Tax towards carbon intensive imported products. Although, currently there are some limitations which may misrepresent some of the Russian companies’ greenhouse gas emissions calculation results, and further decarbonisation initiatives. One of the key reasons is a lack of national methodological guidelines and emissions factors provided by the Russian ministries and research centres, which have to guide Russian companies in the field of regional-based emissions assessment. This article examines the current trends of climate-related disclosure based on the CDP scores of Russian companies and discusses the potential ways of improving the national methodological support in order to provide quality and credible data connected with the climate risk management and disclosure. The most important drawbacks were identified, such as the lack of methodological guidelines and emission factors for calculating direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1), regional emissions factors for calculating indirect energy emissions (Scope 2) for the Russian Federation, as well as the lack of both methodological guidelines and emissions factors database for calculating other indirect emissions (Scope 3). Finally, the expected consequences of such methodological disadvantages were described, and the recommended steps to improve the effectiveness of this climate-related disclosure practice were proposed.