bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Science and Technology Review Mechanisms Under the Biological Weapons Convention
Authors:   UNIDIR, Revill James , Anand Alisha , Persi Paoli Giacomo
Published: June 2021

Since the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) opened for signature in 1972, biology and other converging disciplines have advanced considerably. These changes could have profound implications for a science-based disarmament agreement like the BWC. To address changes in biology and biotechnology, BWC States Parties have established processes to review developments in science and technology (S&T), including annual expert meetings on this topic. However, shortcomings are evident in the current approaches and many BWC States Parties have expressed support for a more systematic review of science and technology under the Convention. This study seeks to inform discussions on establishing a dedicated and systematic S&T review process under the BWC through an examination of existing S&T review-type mechanisms employed in different regimes beyond the BWC, a survey of States Parties views on a possible review mechanism and a study of past and present discourse on this issue in the BWC. Based on the analysis conducted, this study also presents options for BWC States Parties to consider ahead of the Ninth BWC Review Conference.
Silver as Bridewealth - An Interpretation of Viking Age Silver Hoards on Gotland, Sweden
Authors: Burström Mats
Published: June 2021

A remarkably large number of Viking Age silver hoards have been found on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. The reasons for this richness of finds have been the subject of much debate. This article presents an interpretation that has not been previously discussed. According to this, silver was a prestige valuable which was transferred as bridewealth. This interpretation is based on the settlement situation on Gotland during the Viking Age and on a hypothesis regarding what kind of policies for land division this situation necessitated.
Archaeology in a Stockholm Perspective —a Personal Reflection
Authors: Hyenstrand Åke
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a short sketch over Swedish archaeology from a Stockholm perspective. It starts from Montelius and leads via "New Archaeology" to a comment on the interpretive aspect of archaeology.
Male and Female Finds and Symbols in Germanic Iron Age Graves
Authors: Petré Bo
Published: June 2021

Finds and symbols specific for male respectively female graves from the Germanic Iron Age have been studied for the Mälar area. A preliminary list with weapons, tools and jewellery is presented.
An Ivory Tower in Archaeology? A Conversation with Leo S. Klejn
Authors: Burström Mats
Published: June 2021

During a conversation between Professor Leo S. Klejn from St. Petersburg in Russia and the author some controversial issues were discussed. These include aspects of feminist and gender archaeology, the nature and function of archaeological theory, the separation of archaeology and prehistory as scholarly disciplines, and the relation between archaeology and contemporary society. The latter issue leads to the question of whether or not we as archaeologists ought to build ourselves an ivory tower.
The Regal Ships and Divine Kingdom
Authors: Cederlund Carl Olof
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the use of old, preserved ships as ship symbols in society. Emanating from this is also a special treatment of the projection of the symbolism of the "regal ship" in Swedish society since the 17th century. 'Regal ship" was a denomination, during the 17th century, of big, sailing warships in the Swedish navy. In this connection is also traced and discussed the ideology adhering to the symbolic expressions around the "regal ships" in past and present society.
Saami Archaeology in Sweden 1985-1990—An Overview
Authors: Forsberg Lars
Published: June 2021

A short discussion of Saami archaeology, its history and definition is given, as well as the author's own demarcation of the subject. The period which is treated is 1985-1990. A brief comparison of the Nordic literature shows clear differences between the topical focus of the Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish literature. Two main themes are considered as important and dominant in the Swedish articles: ethnicity and settlement history and pattern. It is suggested that the advance in the knowledge about Saami settlement during the Iron Age in the interior of northern Norrland is an important one. The discussion of Saami ethnicity is focuses mainly on the question of the population inhabiting southern Norrland during the Iron Age. There are suggestions that it is either a Saami or a Germanic population. In order to better distinguish between these two interpretations, increased knowledge about the settlement of the area during the Iron Age is badly needed.
Greece and the Aegean in Swedish Archaeology 1986-1990
Authors: Ekroth Gunnel
Published: June 2021

This paper constitutes a survey of Swedish scholarship during the period 1986-90 dealing with Greece and the Aegean area from the archaeological viewpoint. A large portion of the work done concerns the Aegean Bronze Age, e.g. aspects of the Minoan palaces, various kinds of pottery, different types of cult, and funerary practices. Scholarship focussed on the Greek Iron Age also shows an inclination towards religious topics, such as the deposition and use of votive offerings in Greek religion and the role of ritual dining, but studies dealing with architecture and pottery may be found as well. The fieldwork and the publication of material from Swedish excavations and surveys are also covered.
The Archaeology of Ancient Italy
Authors: Wikander Charlotte , Wikander Örjan
Published: June 2021

The increasing interest of Swedish scholars in the field of ltalic and Roman archaeology witnessed in the early 1980's (cf. SA 1981-1985: 185) turned into a decline in the later part of that decade. Here are presented 88 titles by 36 authors —c. 70 % of the figures from the preceding period. We still maintain the stricter attitude to popular articles resorted to then. As a general rule, such articles are to be found here only when directly related to the author's scholarly work.
Precision Millimeter Astrometry of the α Centauri AB System
Authors: Akeson Rachel , Beichman Charles , Kervella Pierre , Fomalont Edward , Benedict G. Fritz
Published: June 2021

Alpha Centauri A is the closest solar-type star to the Sun and offers the best opportunity to find and ultimately to characterize an Earth-sized planet located in its habitable zone. Here, we describe initial results from an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) program to search for planets in the α Cen AB system using differential astrometry at millimeter wavelengths. Our initial results include new absolute astrometric measurements of the proper motion, orbital motion and parallax of the α Cen system. These lead to an improved knowledge of the physical properties of both α Cen A and B. Our estimates of ALMA’s relative astrometric precision suggest that we will ultimately be sensitive to planets of a few tens of Earth mass in orbits from 1 to 3 au, where stable orbits are thought to exist.
Photometric Study and Absolute Parameter Estimation of Six Totally Eclipsing Contact Binaries
Authors: Li Kai , Xia Qi-Qi , Kim Chun-Hwey , Gao Xing , Hu Shao-Ming , Guo Di-Fu , Gao Dong-Yang , Chen Xu , Guo Ya-Ni
Published: June 2021

High precision CCD observations of six totally eclipsing contact binaries were presented and analyzed. It is found that only one target is an A-type contact binary (V429 Cam), while the others are W-type contact ones. By analyzing the times of light minima, we discovered that two of them exhibit secular period increase while three manifest long-term period decrease. For V1033 Her, a cyclic variation superimposed on the long-term increase was discovered. By comparing the Gaia distances with those calculated by the absolute parameters of 173 contact binaries, we found that the Gaia distance can be applied to estimate the absolute parameters for most contact binaries. The absolute parameters of our six targets were estimated using their Gaia distances. The evolutionary status of contact binaries was studied, and we found that the A- and W-subtype contact binaries may have different formation channels. The relationship between the spectroscopic and photometric mass ratios for 101 contact binaries was presented. It was discovered that the photometric mass ratios are in good agreement with the spectroscopic ones for almost all of the totally eclipsing systems, which is corresponding to the results derived by Pribulla et al. and Terrell & Wilson.
A Grid of Core-collapse Supernova Remnant Models. I. The Effect of Wind-driven Mass Loss
Authors: Jacovich Taylor , Patnaude Daniel , Slane Patrick , Badenes Carles , Lee Shiu-Hang , Nagataki Shigehiro , Milisavljevic Dan
Published: June 2021

Massive stars can shed material via steady, line-driven winds, eruptive outflows, or mass transfer onto a binary companion. In the case of single stars, the mass is deposited by the stellar wind into the nearby environment. After the massive star explodes, the stellar ejecta interact with this circumstellar material (CSM), oftentimes resulting in bright X-ray line emission from both the shock-heated CSM and ejecta. The amount of material lost by the progenitor, the mass of ejecta, and its energetics all impact the bulk spectral characteristics of this X-ray emission. Here we present a grid of core-collapse supernova remnant models derived from models for massive stars with zero-age main-sequence masses of ∼10–30 M
☉ evolved from the pre-main-sequence stage with wind-driven mass loss. Evolution is handled by a multistage pipeline of software packages. First, we use mesa (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) to evolve the progenitors from pre-main-sequence to iron core collapse. We then use the Supernova Explosion Code (snec) to explode the mesa models, and we follow them for the first 100 days following core collapse. Finally, we couple the snec output, along with the CSM generated from mesa mass-loss rates, into the cosmic-ray hydrodynamics code to model the remnant phase to 7000 yr after core collapse. At the end of each stage, we compare our outputs with those found in the literature, and we examine any qualitative and quantitative differences in the bulk properties of the remnants and their spectra based on the initial progenitor mass, as well as mass-loss history.
The Heating and Pulsations of V386 Serpentis after Its 2019 Dwarf Nova Outburst
Authors: Szkody Paula , Godon Patrick , Gänsicke Boris T. , Kafka Stella , Castillo Odette F. T. , Bell Keaton J. , Cho P. B. , Sion Edward M. , Kumar Praphull , Townsley Dean M. , Vanderbosch Zach , Winget Karen I. , Olde Loohuis Claire J.
Published: June 2021

Following the pulsation spectrum of a white dwarf through the heating and cooling involved in a dwarf nova outburst cycle provides a unique view of the changes to convective driving that take place on timescales of months versus millennia for nonaccreting white dwarfs. In 2019 January the dwarf nova V386 Ser (one of a small number containing an accreting, pulsating white dwarf) underwent a large-amplitude outburst. Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectra were obtained 7 and 13 months after outburst along with optical ground-based photometry during this interval and high-speed photometry at 5.5 and 17 months after outburst. The resulting spectral and pulsational analysis shows a cooling of the white dwarf from 21,020 to 18,750 K (with a gravity

log
(
g
)
=
8.1

) between the two UV observations, along with the presence of strong pulsations evident in both UV and optical at a much shorter period after outburst than at quiescence. The pulsation periods consistently lengthened during the year following outburst, in agreement with pulsation theory. However, it remains to be seen if the behavior at longer times past outburst will mimic the unusual nonmonotonic cooling and long periods evident in the similar system GW Lib.
How to Identify Exoplanet Surfaces Using Atmospheric Trace Species in Hydrogen-dominated Atmospheres
Authors: Yu 余馨 Xinting 婷 , Moses Julianne I. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Zhang Xi
Published: June 2021

Sub-Neptunes (R

p
∼ 1.25–4 R
Earth) remain the most commonly detected exoplanets to date. However, it remains difficult for observations to tell whether these intermediate-sized exoplanets have surfaces and where their surfaces are located. Here we propose that the abundances of trace species in the visible atmospheres of these sub-Neptunes can be used as proxies for determining the existence of surfaces and approximate surface conditions. As an example, we used a state-of-the-art photochemical model to simulate the atmospheric evolution of K2-18b and investigate its final steady-state composition with surfaces located at different pressures levels (P
surf). We find that the surface location has a significant impact on the atmospheric abundances of trace species, making them deviate significantly from their thermochemical equilibrium and “no-surface” conditions. This result arises primarily because the pressure–temperature conditions at the surface determine whether photochemically produced species can be recycled back to their favored thermochemical equilibrium forms and transported back to the upper atmosphere. For an assumed H2-rich atmosphere for K2-18b, we identify seven chemical species that are most sensitive to the existence of surfaces: ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The ratio between the observed and the no-surface abundances of these species can help distinguish the existence of a shallow surface (P
surf < 10 bar), an intermediate surface (10 bar < P
surf < 100 bar), and a deep surface (P
surf > 100 bar). This framework can be applied together with future observations to other sub-Neptunes of interest.
An Unusual Case of Gas Gangrene in Intravenous Heroin Addict
Authors: Pavlekić Snežana , Ječmenica Dragan , Alempijević Đorđe
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Gas gangrene is a clostridium infection primarily of muscle tissue, most commonly caused by C. perfringens. Clinical diagnosis is usually made by local inspection of the wound: the infected tissue shows characteristic signs of tissue inflammation with blistered changes. The disease can starts suddenly, 4-6 hours after the injury, but most commonly the incubation period lasts 2-4 days. Without proper medical intervention, death occurs in 4-24 hours after the development of the first symptoms, but even with timely and adequate therapy, the lethality is very high (around 12%). Due to its fulminant course, in all cases with fatal outcomes, a forensic autopsy is an obligatory procedure. However, discovering the entrance gate and source of infection is not an easy task, especially in the absence of a traumatic injury.

CASE PRESENTATION: Male, 27 years old, an intravenous heroin addict for about 10 years, injured his left leg in a traffic accident. He only visited the doctor after 5 days. Upon examination, it was determined that there were no externally visible injuries and no fracture, and he was given a splint immobilization for an ankle luxation. Twelve days after the accident (or 7 days after the immobilization) his mother found him unconscious.

CONCLUSION: From medicolegal aspects, it’s important to have in mind even the less frequent paths of infection, in order to give an expert professional opinion on origin and cause of death.
Motivation Interview Effectiveness and Optimism Efficiency on the Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Amiruddin Ridwan , Jafar Nurhaedar , Ansar Jumriani , Tasya Zhanaz
Published: June 2021

AIM: This study aims to analyze the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through the intervention of motivational interview and efficacy of optimism.

METHODS: The type of research is Quasi Experimental - Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design. The sample was T2DM patients, while the treatment was carried out on 50 respondents. Interventions were given in motivational interviews and the effectiveness of optimism. The statistical test used is the two-dependent difference test and two independent mean difference test.

RESULTS: The statistical test of the difference between the two independent means showed the sig. value (two tailed) of 0.006. It pointed to a significant difference in post-test between DM patients’ quality of life in the intervention and control groups. Based on the two dependent difference test, the mean showed that the value of sig. (two tailed) 0.000 means a significant difference between DM patients’ quality of life in the intervention and control groups after the post-test.

CONCLUSION: There was a substantial relationship between motivational interviewing and optimism efficacy on the quality of diabetes mellitus patients.
Effects of Health Education Based Intervention on Community’s Perception, Healthy House, and Social Capital of Dengue in Endemic Area of Sleman Regency Indonesia
Authors: Sukesi Tri Wahyuni , Satoto Tri B. T. , Murhandarwati Elsa H. , Padmawati Retna Siwi
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Low community participation in the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) control efforts is one of the influencing factors in the failures of some of these efforts. The community’s lack of responsibility concerning the DHF issues might be caused by their low perceptions and understanding of DHF itself.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of health education about DHF on changes in the community’s perceptions, social capital, and healthy house conditions.

METHODS: The research method was participatory action research. The study involved 267 households in Patukan Hamlet Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia. The intervention was health education about DHF which was presented from November 2018 to February 2019. Preliminary assessments were taken in November 2018 and evaluations were taken in August 2019. The data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS: The results show that in the 6th months after the intervention, there was an increase in the average score of all variables. The differences between pre- and post-intervention were statistically significant: Perceptions of dengue fever (p = 0.000); perceptions about DHF control (p = 0.000); the social condition for the component of concern, trust, and readiness to learn new ideas with p < 0.05; and all component of healthy house conditions with p < 0.05.

CONCLUSION: Health education could contribute to changes in perceptions, social capital, and a healthy house condition. It is very important to increase the awareness and participation of the community in controlling DHF.
Secular Change in Body Size and Somatotype of Indonesian Children aged 7–15 Years (1999–2019)
Authors: Rahmawati Neni Trilusiana , Hastuti Janatin
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Secular changes assessment can help identifying the quality of health, wealth, and nutrition among populations and provide suggestions for policymakers.

AIM: To examine the secular changes in weight, height, body mass index, and somatotype in Indonesian children between 1999 and 2019.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1999 and 2019 on 2021 children aged 7–15 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, humerus and femur breadths, circumferences of upper arm and calf; skinfold thickness of triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and calf were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as kg/m2. Somatotype components were defined by the Carter-Heath method. Statistical analyses used were three-ways ANOVA and least significant difference post hoc tests.

RESULTS: Significant differences for boys and girls were found for height, weight, BMI, and three components of somatotype across the 2-time points. The boys in period 2019 were the tallest and girls were the heaviest, and for BMI, the highest value was observed in 2019 (girls). The children in the 1999 period had somatotype values 3.3 - 3.3 - 3.7 (boys) and 3.9 - 3.0 - 3.5 (girls), while in the 2019 period the somatotype values for boys were 3.5 - 4.5 - 3.0 and 4.3 - 4.1 - 2.4 for girls.

CONCLUSION: In general, based on the order of age, there is a similar pattern between children in the two periods. Among Indonesian children from 1999 to 2019, there were positive trends in weight, BMI, endomorph, and mesomorph components, whereas a negative trend for the ectomorph component.
Factors affecting Thaumetopoea pityocampa emergence in laboratory conditions
Authors: Mirchev Plamen , Georgieva Margarita , Georgiev Georgi , Zaemdzhikova Gergana , Matova Maria , Petrova Viara
Published: June 2021

To investigate the factors affecting the emergence of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in laboratory conditions, a number of 1487 larvae, prepupae and pupae were collected in the period February-May 2019 from five pest habitats: Fotinovo and Kandilka villages (inhabited by a summer phenological form), Sandanski and Klisura towns (winter phonological form occurs) and Sarnak village (both forms occur). At the date of collection, the rate of parasitism was very low (0-0.1%). Throughout the study, significant differences in the characteristics of pupal stage and mortality between both phenological forms were established. The rate of emerged adults varied from 21.4% to 77.6% in the observed habitats. The sex ratio between female and male specimens was almost equal. Only 0.6% of samples emerged in the second year, after diapause. In four localities (Fotinovo, Kandilka, Sandanski and Sarnak), the rate of infection by entomopathogens was between 6.0% and 20.8%, and the parasitism caused by tachinids – between 0.9% and 3.4%. The flight period of the summer and winter phenological forms of T. pityocampa were clearly differentiated with about a month. In summer form, the flight began in late May and ended in the last decade of June, and in winter form – from early July to the end of August. The duration of the flight period in both forms lasted 30 to 50 days with an equal number of emerged male and female specimens.
El maestro Bartolomé en la catedral de Sigüenza. Una hipótesis en relación al retablo de San Marcos y Santa Catalina
Authors: Ramos Gómez F. Javier
Published: June 2021

El Maestro Bartolomé es uno de los más característicos representantes en Castilla de la llamada pintura hispanoflamenca. En este artículo se propone, por motivos estilísticos, la hipótesis de una intervención parcial del Maestro Bartolomé en el retablo de San Marcos y Santa Catalina de la catedral de Sigüenza, en relación también a una cita documental que sitúa a un pintor llamado Bartolomé en la villa soriana de Almazán en 1504. En algunas figuras del citado retablo se aprecia su característico estilo pictórico, bien conocido gracias a las últimas publicaciones referidas a sus colaboraciones con Fernando Gallego.
Effects of Al2O3 on Thermal Conductivity of Silicone Rubber
Authors: Mu Qiu Hong , Peng Dan , Wang Feng , Zhang Fang Zhi , Li Jin Hui
Published: June 2021

Thermal conductivities of silicone rubber filled with Al2O3 were prepared. Thermal conductivity experimental results obtained were analyzed using the Nielsen and Agari models to explain the effect of Al2O3 filler on the formation of thermal conductive networks. Thermal conductivities increased with the adding of mixed Al2O3 of large and small sizes fillers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that it is the optimum particle sizes and quantities that made the filler packing closer, which thus leads to formation of more thermal conductive chains.
Optimum Composition of Aluminium Hybrid Composites for Maximum Wear Resistance
Authors: Prakash Kumar , Singh Nilamber Kumar
Published: June 2021

Taguchi method is applied to optimize the compositions of Al-Mg-Ti-Cu-SiC hybrid composites for maximum wear resistance. Wear tests are performed on a pin-on-disc machine under a constant load of 3 kg on specimens of above composites prepared using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array through stir casting route. Each test is conducted for 30 minutes at disc rotational speed of 600 rpm. The contribution of each constituent is evaluated using ANOVA. Linear and quadratic regression models are also developed. The predicted results by these models are very close to the experimental results. It is found that Taguchi method is very successful in the optimization of particulate reinforcements (Mg, Ti, Cu and SiC) in the composites for maximum wear resistance.
Amine-Based Carbon Dioxide Capture: Densities of CO2-Loaded Monoethanolamine Aqueous Solution at 10 to 90 °C
Authors: Ma'mun Sholeh , Dwijayanto Afif
Published: June 2021

The global warming phenomenon has led to world climate change caused by high concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) especially carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced in large quantities from fuel combustions, gas sweetening processes, etc. Since its emission rises annually, some efforts to reduce the emission are, therefore, required. Monoethanolamine (MEA), a primary amine, has been widely used for many years for acid gas removal. To get a better column performance, an accurate physical properties measurement, such as density, needs to be conducted. This study aims to measure the densities of 10 wt.% MEA aqueous solutions at temperatures from 10 to 90 °C and CO2 loadings up to 0.417 mol CO2/mol MEA. The results show that the higher the concentration of CO2 the higher the density at a constant temperature, while the densities decrease as temperatures increase due to volumetric expansion. Besides, an expression to correlate the densities of 10 wt.% MEA aqueous solutions was also developed based on the pure-component molar volumes together with the excess molar volumes. The average error of the measurement was found to be 0.18%.
The Ocean Decade Show: A Podcast to Guide You Down the Yellow Brick Road to Transform the Ocean
Authors: Goelz Taylor
Published: June 2021

Abstract To facilitate transformative change around the globe during the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, we must communicate about the importance of this endeavor and its relevance to the U.S. ocean community and beyond. The Ocean Decade Show podcast
aims to be a primary communication tool for Ocean Decade efforts, acting as a monthly source to help individuals learn about the key elements of the Ocean Decade. A podcast is an ideal choice for a communications tool for the Ocean Decade because of its relatable format and emphasis on storytelling;
the Ocean Decade is a fantastic, but complicated, story. Our goal with this podcast is to help individuals understand the Ocean Decade story to increase their connection to the overarching effort and its component parts.
Project Atuin
Authors: Kornblatt Andrew
Published: June 2021

Abstract Project Atuin brings together several bleeding edge technologies into a state-of-the-art, semi-autonomous research and ocean monitoring platform. Able to be deployed anywhere in the world and, in a future state, combined with a dedicated micro-satellite, the platform
will be able to be accessed and given instructions from anywhere in the world. This modular science and protection platform will be deployed in partnership with local stakeholders and the data will be open to all and packaged into curriculum for all levels.
Auscultating the Oceans: Developing a Marine Stethoscope
Authors: Nuessly Kathryn N. , Becker Kyle M. , Spence Heather , Parsons E.C.M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract In the public health sector, nurses and doctors use tools like stethoscopes to assess health based on sounds. Much like the human body, the ocean's interior is awash with sounds that contain rich information relating to the current state of processes and life within.
Based on these ideas, it is hypothesized that sound information can be used in a similar way to assess ocean health. This Ocean-Shot Concept seeks to build this capability through the establishment of objective baselines for regional acoustic environments, along with skilled practitioners
that can interpret what they hear. This concept will be transformative in that patterns of natural and anthropogenic sound can be monitored and assessed to enable diagnostic capabilities. This new capability will provide a data-informed basis for recommending policy and management of regional
seas using soundscape data. It also seeks to attract the next generation of ocean scientists through outreach and early engagement through development of a toy marine stethoscope akin to what is found in a child's medical kit.
The 4-Site Pacific Transect Collaborative (4-Site)
Authors: Lemus Judith , Davies Neil , Claudet Joachim , Leguen Annaig , Mawyer Alexander , Murphy Frank , Wegmann Alex , Wolff Nicholas
Published: June 2021

Abstract The vastness of the Pacific Ocean, and the geographic isolation of its island nations, sets the stage for critical disconnects between the drivers and causes of climate change and their local impacts in Pacific Island communities. Pacific Islands, as elsewhere, face
persistent local crises at the nexus of natural and human systems that have altered the way we interact with our environments, raising challenging questions about how to sustain the well-being of our communities, and their associated coral reef ecosystems. These ecosystems and communities
that rely on them are “canaries in the coal mine” for climate change and biodiversity loss. At the same time, the scientific, technological, indigenous, and social knowledge systems that could contribute to sustainable futures are often siloed in disciplinary as well as political
contexts. It is in this arena that the 4-Site Pacific Transect Collaborative seeks to work. The big question we ask is, “What knowledge infrastructure is needed to equitably and democratically support Pacific Islands societies in achieving Sustainable Development Goals and promote the
resilience of coral reef social-ecological systems”?
Involvement of Activation of Mast Cells via IgE Signaling and Epithelial Cell–Derived Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome in a Murine Model
Authors: Kato Yukinori , Morikawa Taiyo , Kato Eiichi , Yoshida Kanako , Imoto Yoshimasa , Sakashita Masafumi , Osawa Yoko , Takabayashi Tetsuji , Kubo Masato , Miura Kenji , Noguchi Emiko , Fujieda Shigeharu
Published: June 2021

Murine models to elucidate the pathogenesis of pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS), characterized by oral hypersensitivity symptoms induced by specific foods in patients previously sensitized with a pollen, are lacking. The study aimed to examine PFAS pathogenesis in a novel murine model. Birch pollen–immunized mice were orally administered apple extract, and oral symptoms were evaluated based on oral rubbing frequency following the challenge. The birch pollen–immunized mice orally challenged with apple extract exhibited PFAS-like symptoms, including oral rubbing and positive reaction of swelling by the prick test. The apple extract administered with a protease inhibitor reduced the oral rubbing frequency, which was also significantly reduced in the immunized Fcer1a−/− and mast cell–deficient mice compared with the immunized control mice. The oral rubbing frequency, serum IgE levels, and Th2-cytokine production by the cervical lymph node cells were significantly reduced in the immunized Il-33−/− and thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor–deficient (Crlf2−/−) mice as compared with the immunized wild-type mice. IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin involve the pathogenesis of PFAS. The apple-extract stimulation did not lead to increased Th2-cytokine production in the oral mucosa or number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells or eosinophils. PFAS involves an early-phase response by mast cell degranulation via IgE signaling after the cross-reactivity of Bet v 1–specific IgE and the food allergen, and exacerbation of allergic symptom via proteases in food; PFAS does not involve a late phase with local Th2/eosinophilic inflammation in the oral mucosa. This novel murine model might be used for elucidating the pathogenesis and assessing new therapeutic strategies for PFAS.
Clinical and Radiographic Analysis of Novabone Putty with Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects
Authors: Hazari Vibhor , Choudhary Anushree , Mishra Rohit , Chandrashekar Kabbur Thipanna , Trivedi Ashima , Pathak Pranshu Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Periodontal regeneration remains one of the crucial issues in the field of periodontology. Periodontal intrabony defects could be treated by surgical intervention through various alloplastic bone graft substitutes. The Food and Drug Administration approved, Novabone putty is one of the recently marketed bone graft substitutes, which has been used in the present study. This study also incorporates the placement of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in combination with Novabone putty.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients were included in the study and were allocated to either Group A or Group B through randomization. Group A included the placement of Novabone putty in the periodontal intrabony defects, whereas Group B included the placement of Novabone putty along with PRF. Statistical analysis of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, relative attachment level, and intraoral periapical radiographs was performed.

Results:

Statistical more significant difference (P < 0.05) in probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level was observed in Group B (Novabone putty and PRF) in comparison to Group A (Novabone putty).

Conclusion:

Evaluation of efficacy of Novabone putty along with PRF produced more favorable results in relative attachment level gain and more reduction in probing pocket depth when compared to Novabone putty alone.
Allogeneic Bone Application in Association with Platelet-Rich Plasma for Alveolar Bone Grafting of Cleft Palate Defects
Authors: Ferreira Cimara Fortes , Carlini João Luiz , Magini Ricardo de Souza , Gil José Nazareno , Zétola André Luis
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study is to compare allogeneic bone grafts associated with platelet-rich plasma (ALBGs-PRP) to autogenous bone grafts (ATBGs) for alveolar reconstructions in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Materials and Methods:

The Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Comprehensive Care Center for CLP (CCCLP) in Curitiba (Paraná, Brazil).

Patients:

Thirty out of 46 patients with 8–12 years of age and pre- or trans-foramen unilateral clefts were operated by the same surgeon. Groups were selected randomly after coin-toss for the first surgery to be ALBG-PRP.

Interventions:

Pre- and post-surgery cleft defect severity was registered by a score system using superimposed digitalized peri-apical radiographs. The hypothesis indicated ABG-PRP to be similar to the ABG was proved.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in bone augmentation for the ABG-PRP group (79.88%) when compared to the ABG group (79.9%).

Conclusion:

ABG-PRP is indicated as a successful treatment modality to reduce the need for additional donor sites and reduce morbidity and hospital stay.
Mini-Implant Assisted Gummy Smile and Deep Bite Correction
Authors: Reddy S. B. V. Ramana , Jonnalagadda Venkata Naga Sravanthi
Published: June 2021

This article demonstrates the noninvasive means of correction of gummy smile and deep bite by using mini-implants in a relapsed patient. Intrusion of the maxillary arch was achieved by using mini-implants in the anterior and posterior region. Significant reduction in the gingival and incisal display was seen with improved smile esthetics and ideal overbite and overjet by the end of the treatment. The aim of the article is to present a case where gummy smile was effectively treated by mini-implants without undergoing invasive surgical procedures.
Rational embeddings of hyperbolic groups
Authors: Belk James , Bleak Collin , Matucci Francesco
Published: June 2021

We prove that all Gromov hyperbolic groups embed into the asynchronous rational group defined by Grigorchuk, Nekrashevych and Sushchanskiĭ. The proof involves assigning a system of binary addresses to points in the Gromov boundary of a hyperbolic group

G

, and proving that elements of

G

act on these addresses by asynchronous transducers. These addresses derive from a certain self-similar tree of subsets of

G

, whose boundary is naturally homeomorphic to the horofunction boundary of

G

.
Structure and regularity for subsets of groups with finite VC-dimension
Authors: Conant G. , Pillay Anand , Terry C.
Published: June 2021

Suppose

G

is a finite group and

A\subseteq G

is such that

\{gA:g\in G\}

has VC-dimension strictly less than

k

. We find algebraically well-structured sets in

G

which, up to a chosen

\epsilon>0

, describe the structure of

A

and behave regularly with respect to translates of

A

. For the subclass of groups with uniformly fixed finite exponent

r

, these algebraic objects are normal subgroups with index bounded in terms of

k

,

r

, and

\epsilon

. For arbitrary groups, we use Bohr neighborhoods of bounded rank and width inside normal subgroups of bounded index. Our proofs are largely model-theoretic, and heavily rely on a structural analysis of compactifications of pseudofinite groups as inverse limits of Lie groups. The introduction of Bohr neighborhoods into the nonabelian setting uses model-theoretic methods related to the work of Breuillard, Green, and Tao [8] and Hrushovski [28] on approximate groups, as well as a result of Alekseev, Glebskiĭ, and Gordon [1] on approximate homomorphisms.
Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Incorporating Piperonyl Butoxide Reduce the Risk of Malaria in Children in Western Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Minakawa Noboru , Kongere James O. , Sonye George O. , Lutiali Peter A. , Awuor Beatrice , Kawada Hitoshi , Isozumi Rie , Futami Kyoko
Published: June 2021

Malaria vectors have acquired an enzyme that metabolizes pyrethroids. To tackle this problem, we evaluated long-lasting insecticidal nets incorporating piperonyl butoxide (PBO-LLINs) with a community-based cluster randomized control trial in western Kenya. The primary endpoints were anopheline density and Plasmodium falciparum polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive prevalence (PCRpfPR) of children aged 7 months to 10 years. Four clusters were randomly selected for each of the treatment and control arms (eight clusters in total) from 12 clusters, and PBO-LLINs and standard LLINs were distributed in February 2011 to 982 and 1,028 houses for treatment and control arms, respectively. Entomological surveys targeted 20 houses in each cluster, and epidemiological surveys targeted 150 children. Cluster-level permutation tests evaluated the effectiveness using the fitted values from individual level regression models adjusted for baseline. Bootstrapping estimated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The medians of anophelines per house were 1.4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.3) and 3.4 (IQR: 3.7) in the intervention and control arms after 3 months, and 0.4 (IQR: 0.2) and 1.6 (IQR: 0.5) after 10 months, respectively. The differences were –2.5 (95% CI: –6.4 to –0.6) and –1.3 (95% CI: –2.0 to –0.7), respectively. The datasets of 861 and 775 children were analyzed in two epidemiological surveys. The median PCRpfPRs were 25% (IQR: 11%) in the intervention arm and 52% (IQR: 11%) in the control arm after 5 months and 33% (IQR: 11%) and 45% (IQR: 5%) after 12 months. The PCRpfPR ratios were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.91) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.90), respectively. We confirmed the superiority of PBO-LLINs.
Guidelines for Aerodynamic Assessment of Medium and Heavy Commercial Ground Vehicles Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors:   Truck and Bus Aerodynamics and Fuel Economy Committee
Published: June 2021

This document outlines general requirements for the use of CFD methods for aerodynamic simulation of medium and heavy commercial ground vehicles weighing more than 10000 pounds. The document provides guidance for aerodynamic simulation with CFD methods to support current vehicle characterization, vehicle development, vehicle concept development, and vehicle component development. The guidelines presented in the document are related to Navier-Stokes and Lattice-Boltzmann based solvers.

This document is only valid for the classes of CFD methods and applications mentioned. Other classes of methods and applications may or may not be appropriate to simulate the aerodynamics of medium and heavy commercial ground vehicle weighing more than 10000 pounds.
Systems-Level Reforms to the US Resident Selection Process: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zastrow Ryley K. , Burk-Rafel Jesse , London Daniel A.
Published: June 2021

Background

Calls to reform the US resident selection process are growing, given increasing competition and inefficiencies of the current system. Though numerous reforms have been proposed, they have not been comprehensively cataloged.

Objective

This scoping review was conducted to characterize and categorize literature proposing systems-level reforms to the resident selection process.

Methods

Following Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, searches of Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were performed for references published from January 2005 to February 2020. Articles were included if they proposed reforms that were applicable or generalizable to all applicants, medical schools, or residency programs. An inductive approach to qualitative content analysis was used to generate codes and higher-order categories.

Results

Of 10 407 unique references screened, 116 met our inclusion criteria. Qualitative analysis generated 34 codes that were grouped into 14 categories according to the broad stages of resident selection: application submission, application review, interviews, and the Match. The most commonly proposed reforms were implementation of an application cap (n = 28), creation of a standardized program database (n = 21), utilization of standardized letters of evaluation (n = 20), and pre-interview screening (n = 13).

Conclusions

This scoping review collated and categorized proposed reforms to the resident selection process, developing a common language and framework to facilitate national conversations and change.
Enhancement of carbofuran degradation by immobilized Bacillus sp. strain DT1
Authors: Duc Ha Danh
Published: June 2021

The widespread application of carbofuran has raised increasing concerns about health damage and environmental pollution. To degrade carbofuran in liquid and soil media, Bacillus sp. strain DT1 was isolated from soil. The isolated bacterial strain used the compound as a sole source of carbon and energy. Using rice straw as a material for bacteria immobilization resulting in 97.5% of the insecticide was degraded in a biofilm-batch reactor at the 3rd cycle, which was about 20% higher than using glass slides for immobilization. The chemical degradation in soils by bacteria immobilized in rice straw was also from 12.5% to 19.8% higher than by free counterparts. Furthermore, the dissipation rates in the previously-treated soils were higher than those in the untreated soils. Besides, the degradation of carbofuran by Bacillus sp. DT1 produced 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbofuran 7-phenol and 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methypropan-2-ol) phenol as intermediate products. These findings demonstrated that Bacillus sp. DT1 immobilized in rice straw has a high potential for bioaugmentation of carbofuran in biofilm-batch reactor and in soils.
A relação atividade-afetividade na formação inicial de uma professora de francês
Authors: Clemente Marina Cavalcanti Tavares , Lopes Wescley Batista , Moraes Rozania Maria Alves de
Published: June 2021

A afetividade do trabalhador e seu intelecto caminham juntos, portanto, é pertinente levar-se em consideração a importância dos afetos para a atividade laboral. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo objetiva investigar como uma professora estagiária é afetada em sua prática docente, identificando, assim, os fatores que interferem/agem nessa afetação, além de perceber de que maneira essa professora é afetada em sua formação, ao confrontar-se consigo mesma. Para tanto, recorremos aos pressupostos teóricos da Ergonomia da Atividade; da Clínica da Atividade; da Teoria dos Afetos de Spinoza; e da Filosofia da Linguagem de Bakhtin e o Círculo. Esta investigação é um recorte de uma pesquisa sobre atividade docente e formação de professores realizada em uma universidade pública, entre 2011 e 2013, com duas professoras de francês em formação, contudo, o presente artigo traz apenas situações de sala de aula e de autoconfrontação simples (ACS) com uma das participantes. Partindo de diálogos de ACS, analisamos enunciados que indicam afetação da professora em sua atividade e em sua formação. Em nossas análises, percebemos que a docente sofre uma diminuição de seu poder de agir, tendo sua atividade amputada em decorrência de um trabalho com uma turma que apresenta alguns desafios, ao mesmo tempo em que observamos um aumento de seu poder de agir como aluna, já que ela se vê capaz de mudar situações na sala de aula em que se encontra como discente, e, a partir daí, há a descoberta de uma nova forma de ser professora após confrontar-se consigo mesma.
Prácticas simuladas en la formación de profesores de Educación Física. Una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Castillo Luis Alberto
Published: June 2021

Introducción: Las prácticas ponen a los practicantes en situación de trabajo para lograr competencias, producciones de sentido, creando situaciones que no son laborales en sí mismas pero que anticipan al sujeto en formación la vida profesional permitiendo el desarrollo de acciones que lo profesionalizan; las prácticas simuladas podrían ser una modalidad de práctica profesional alternativa, parte de la formación y de la formación continua. Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las prácticas profesionales simuladas determinando su rol en el proceso de formación del profesorado de educación física. Métodos: Se utiliza un modelo de recopilación “PRISMA” para obtención, tratamiento y presentación de los datos. Resultados: se determina que hay dos modalidades de prácticas simuladas: Las de tipo escénico, en donde los estudiantes de un curso asumen roles y conductas definidas en un guion, generando situaciones que deberán resolver los compañeros con rol de docente, mientras que los observadores y los participantes sumaran su retroalimentación y las de tipo simuladores que pueden ser escritas (con sistema de caso a resolver) o informáticas que presentan algoritmos basados en imágenes y otros recursos multimedia interactivos.
Focus pe relaționarea elevilor in sistemul educațional general din perspectiva abordărilor societale
Authors: Furdui Emilia , Grosu Rodica
Published: June 2021

Rigorously speaking, the process of evolution of modern society generates, by itself, globalization: time is compressing, societal problems are expanding, the tendency towards renewal and contacts is advancing, knowledge becomes the main source for the innovation of society which, ensuring a better development of learning by taking into account pedagogical and psychological conditions, which contribute to the creation of an efficient educational environment.
This article presents a theoretical analysis that intersects with practical segments, which condition the necessary effect in the process of developing the relational dimension of the students.
The exposed material is also associated with optimising the process of inclusion and adaptation of pupils with special educational requirements in general education institutions through the element of relation. A special division of the work belongs to societal problems, providing psychological assistance, which directly contributes to the complete formation of the personality of the child-student.