bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In the ‘h200d’: Crips and the intersection between space and identity in the Netherlands
Authors: Roks Robert A
Published: September 2017

Since the early 1990s, there have been reports in the Netherlands of groups of youngsters calling themselves Crips and Bloods. In this article, I will focus on the case of the Dutch Rollin 200 Crips from the city of The Hague, drawing on three years of fieldwork (2011–2013) in a small neighbourhood that this Dutch ‘gang’ claims as their ‘h200d’. The history of the Rollin 200 Crips shows their deeply rooted connection to the locality, whilst the influences from global street and gang cultures simultaneously resonates in both the name of the gang and their street spatial practices. By looking at the ways these Dutch Crips engage in acts of territoriality, I want to build on Ilan’s (2013: 5–7; 2015: 75) and Fraser’s (2013, 2015) observations that there is a need to revisit some of the assumptions that underpin the understanding of street spatial practices and specifically the way young people understand and construct space and identity. This case study highlights the interconnection between space and identity, both in terms of how the gang identity of these Dutch Crips influences their usage of space, but also how space is used in the construction of personal identities.
Global stroke statistics: An update of mortality data from countries using a broad code of “cerebrovascular diseases”
Authors: Thrift Amanda G , Howard George , Cadilhac Dominique A , Howard Virginia J , Rothwell Peter M , Thayabaranathan Tharshanah , Feigin Valery L , Norrving Bo , Donnan Geoffrey A
Published: September 2017

Background

Current information on mortality attributed to stroke among different countries is important for policy development and monitoring prevention strategies. Unfortunately, mortality data reported to the World Health Organization by different countries are inconsistent.

Aims and/or hypothesis

To update the repository of the most recent country-specific data on mortality from stroke for countries that provide data using a broad code for “cerebrovascular disease.”

Methods

Data on mortality from stroke were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. We searched for countries that provided data, since 1999, on a combined category of “cerebrovascular disease” (code 1609) that incorporated International Classification of Diseases (10th edition) codes I60–I69. Using population denominators provided by the World Health Organization for the same year when available, or alternatively estimates obtained from the United Nations, we calculated crude mortality from “cerebrovascular disease” and mortality adjusted to the World Health Organization world population. We used the most recent year reported to the World Health Organization, as well as comparing changes over time.

Results

Since 1999, seven countries have provided these mortality data. Among these countries, crude mortality was greatest in the Russian Federation (in 2011), Ukraine (2012), and Belarus (2011) and was greater in women than men in these countries. Crude mortality was positively correlated with the proportion of the population aged ≥65 years but not with time. Age-adjusted mortality was greatest in the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan, and greater in men than women. Over time, mortality declined, with the greatest decline per annum evident in Kazakhstan (8.7%) and the Russian Federation (7.0%).

Conclusions

Among countries that provided data to the World Health Organization using a broad category of “cerebrovascular disease,” there was a decline in mortality in two of the countries that previously had some of the largest mortality rates for stroke.
Are collision athletes at a higher risk of re-dislocation after an open Bristow-Latarjet procedure? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paulino Pereira Nuno Rui , van der Linde Just A. , Alkaduhimi Hassanin , Longo Umile Giuseppe , van den Bekerom Michel P. J.
Published: September 2017

Background

The primary aim of the present study was to review, summarize and compare the redislocation risk for collision athletes and noncollision athletes after an open Bristow-Latarjet procedure. Our secondary aim was to summarize return to sport, satisfaction, pain and complications.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and EMBASE of articles until 1 July 2016. We included all studies describing Bristow-Latarjet like procedures as a result of glenohumeral instability, mentioning redislocation rates in collision athletes with >2 years of follow-up. We pooled the data using random-effects meta-analysis for redislocation risk-differences (RD) between collision and noncollision athletes, and assessed heterogeneity with I2 and Tau2 tests.

Results

From 475 titles and abstracts, 11 studies were included and eight studies were meta-analyzed. The pooled RD to develop a postoperative redislocation between collision athletes and noncollision athletes was −0.00 (95% confidence interval: −0.03 to 0.03, p = 0.370). Return to sports rates were high (67–100%), and patients reported high satisfaction scores (93–100% satisfied) and low pain scores (mean visual analogue scale score of 1.6); however, postoperative complication rates varied from 0.8% to 19.2%.

Conclusions

Collision athletes are not more at risk for redislocation rates after an open Bristow-Latarjet procedure compared to noncollision athletes. Overall postoperative outcomes were good, although numerous complications occurred.
Investigation of the solvent-dependent photolysis of a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, antiviral agent efavirenz
Authors: Jordaan Maryam A , Shapi Michael
Published: September 2017

This study sought to investigate the solvent-dependency on the photolysis of efavirenz to gain insight into the photoprocesses involved. The primary mechanisms were firstly the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (i.e. phototautomerization), which generated the imidic acid phototautomer observed as [M-H]− quasimolecular ion at m/z 314.0070 in the high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the negative mode. Secondly, the photoinduced α-cleavage with the loss of a carbonyl group occurred (i.e. photodecarbonylation) to form the photoproduct at m/z 286.0395. The ultraviolet–visible spectra illustrated a large, hyperchromic, and slight bathochromic effect in both the π→π* and n→π* electronic transitions. The largest bathochromic effect was prevalent in the chloroform solvent, i.e. chloroform (π* = 0.58; β = 0.00; α = 0.44) > methanol (π* = 0.60; β = 0.66; α = 0.98) > acetonitrile (π* = 0.75; β = 0.40; α = 0.19). This is due to the significant interaction of the amino group with the excited carbonyl moiety which is attributed to intramolecular phototautomerization resulting in a larger energy shift of the electronic state. A plausible explanation is due to the hydrogen bond donor ability of the polar methanol and nonpolar chloroform solvents, which stabilized the polarized imidic acid phototautomer by means of hydrogen bonding interactions, as opposed to the aprotic acetonitrile which exhibits no hydrogen bonding interactions. The study would form the basis for further photolytic analyses and syntheses to generate a plethora of novel photoproducts with anti-HIV activity based on the biologically active benzoxazinone framework of efavirenz.
Mid-calf level as a puncture site is not safe enough for thermal ablation of the small saphenous vein
Authors: Sanioglu Soner , Yerebakan Halit , Ozgen Ali , Ozdemir Huseyin O , Sancar Nurcan K , Farsak Mustafa B
Published: September 2017

Background:

Endovenous thermal ablation of the small saphenous vein carries a risk for sural nerve injury. Ablation above mid-calf level is recommended to avoid it. However, this strategy could not eradicate this complication. We present our results of consecutive 30 small saphenous vein thermal ablations which are performed after ultrasonographic identification of the sural nerve.

Methods:

We studied 26 consecutive subjects with a total of 30 limbs. Ablation was performed proximal to the risk point by a 1470-nm diode laser. Patients were asked to attend follow-up outpatient controls at 7 days, 30 days, and 180 days postoperatively. Rate of identification of the sural nerve by ultrasonography, safety of the mid-calf level as a puncture site and postoperative sural nerve damage were assessed.

Results:

The sural nerve identification was achieved by ultrasonography in all patients except for one. Mid-calf level as a puncture site was not safe in three (10%) extremities. None of the patients showed any evidence suggesting postoperative sural nerve damage.

Conclusion:

Choosing the puncture site according to the risk point may be more reasonable than general mid-calf level which is being used.
The ability of free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density to detect clinically significant prostate cancer in men undergoing transperineal template biopsy
Authors: Segaran Surayne V , Emara Amr M , Mahesan Tharani , Silverman Joshua , Ahmed Hashim U , Bott Simon RJ , Hindley Richard G
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the ratio of free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density to predict the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer on template biopsies. The value of these tests may be underestimated as they were previously validated against sextant transrectal biopsy of the prostate, which has been proved to miss a large proportion of significant prostate cancers. The ability of these tests to specifically detect clinically significant cancers has not previously been studied.

Patients and methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing transperineal template biopsy who also had free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the comparative utility of each test in the detection of all cancers as well as clinically significant cancers, by means of the area under the curve.

Results:

Data from 293 patients were analysed. Prostate cancer was detected in 72% of patients, of which 62% of this group had clinically significant disease. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the superiority of prostate-specific antigen density and free to total prostate-specific antigen over standard prostate-specific antigen in the overall detection of cancer (area under the curve 0.662 and 0.674 vs 0.534, p=0.003 and 0.02 respectively). Both tests were even more effective in the detection of clinically significant cancers (area under the curve 0.755 and 0.715 vs 0.572, p<0.0001 and 0.009 respectively).

Conclusion:

The free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density both appear to perform well at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in our population of men undergoing template biopsy. The potential role of these inexpensive tests should not be overlooked as they may be of value when deciding which patients require biopsy following an initial magnetic resonance imaging scan and also for those on surveillance protocols.
Asian Americans and Internalized Racial Oppression: Identified, Reproduced, and Dismantled
Authors: Trieu Monica M. , Lee Hana C.
Published: September 2017

Internalized racial oppression among Asian Americans is currently an understudied topic in the social sciences. In this article, the authors draw from 52 in-depth interviews with 1.5- and 2nd-generation Asian Americans to examine this phenomenon. Although previous studies have examined individuals who engage in, and reproduce, internalized racial oppression from static lenses, the present research shows that individuals can (and do) shift out of perceptions and behaviors that perpetuate internalized racism. This research pinpoints the factors that assist in this fluid process. The findings show that the factors are centrally framed around the theme of critical exposure. In particular, it is the critical exposure to ethnic and racial history, ethnic organizations, and coethnic ties that ultimately leads to the emergence of an empowering critical consciousness, which is the necessary key in diverting Asian Americans away from behaviors that perpetuate internalized racial oppression.
Gender and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Europe
Authors: Ponce Aaron
Published: September 2017

Gender emerges as a key site of contestation with respect to immigrants’ integration and public presence in Europe. The recent politicization of gender and Islam in immigration debates marks an increasingly salient constructed opposition between egalitarian European values and traditional immigrant cultures. Against this background, this study investigates how gender structures attitudes toward immigrants of different economic and cultural profiles. Prior research finds that women are usually less likely to exhibit anti-immigrant attitudes than are men. Using 2014 European Social Survey data, results show that women are no less likely to hold anti-immigrant attitudes. However, in a significant reversal of traditional gender patterns, women are more likely to hold targeted anti-Muslim attitudes. Further, social trust moderates this gendered anti-Muslim effect. I interpret findings as a shift in how gender structures xenophobia resulting from the increased salience of gender ideology as a boundary-defining feature and growing demonization of Muslims as gender inegalitarian.
Online Teaching Tool for Sinus Surgery: Trends toward Mobile and Global Education
Authors: Koch George K. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Kozin Elliott D. , Bergmark Regan W. , Gray Stacey T. , Metson Ralph
Published: September 2017

Objective

Online resources may provide an ideal forum for expert presentation of surgical techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate utilization patterns of a sinus surgery website, SinusVideos.com, to gain insight into the needs of viewers.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

Surgical teaching website.

Subjects and Methods

The website’s anonymized analytic database was queried from 2009 to 2014. Quantified data included user demographics, geographic location, viewing device, page visits, and time spent on the website.

Results

A total of 428,691 website pages were viewed during the study period. Growth in viewership was observed each successive year since the site was launched. The mean time spent viewing webpages was 96.1 seconds for desktop computer users, 98.0 for tablet users, and 103.8 for mobile users. The percentage of mobile devices used to view the site increased significantly between 2009 and 2014 (2.1% vs 25.4%, respectively; P <. 0001). The website’s viewership expanded globally, with a significant increase in site views from outside North America over this same period (18.4% vs 51.7%, P <. 0001).

Conclusion

The observed increase in global participation and mobile device usage may reflect new areas of growth for surgical education.
Topological analysis reveals a PD-L1-associated microenvironmental niche for Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Carey Christopher D. , Gusenleitner Daniel , Lipschitz Mikel , Roemer Margaretha G. M. , Stack Edward C. , Gjini Evisa , Hu Xihao , Redd Robert , Freeman Gordon J. , Neuberg Donna , Hodi F. Stephen , Liu Xiaole Shirley , Shipp Margaret A. , Rodig Scott J.
Published: September 2017

Key Points

Regionally localized PD-L1+ macrophages form a specialized microenvironmental niche for Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells in cHL.
Face and content validity of the virtual reality simulator ‘ScanTrainer®’
Authors: Alsalamah Amal , Campo Rudi , Tanos Vasilios , Grimbizis Gregoris , Van Belle Yves , Hood Kerenza , Pugh Neil , Amso Nazar
Published: September 2017

Background

Ultrasonography is a first-line imaging in the investigation of women’s irregular bleeding and other gynaecological pathologies, e.g. ovarian cysts and early pregnancy problems. However, teaching ultrasound, especially transvaginal scanning, remains a challenge for health professionals. New technology such as simulation may potentially facilitate and expedite the process of learning ultrasound. Simulation may prove to be realistic, very close to real patient scanning experience for the sonographer and objectively able to assist the development of basic skills such as image manipulation, hand-eye coordination and examination technique.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the face and content validity of a virtual reality simulator (ScanTrainer®, MedaPhor plc, Cardiff, Wales, UK) as reflective of real transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) scanning.

Method

A questionnaire with 14 simulator-related statements was distributed to a number of participants with differing levels of sonography experience in order to determine the level of agreement between the use of the simulator in training and real practice.

Results

There were 36 participants: novices (n = 25) and experts (n = 11) who rated the simulator. Median scores of face validity statements between experts and non-experts using a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings ranged between 7.5 and 9.0 (p > 0.05) indicated a high level of agreement. Experts’ median scores of content validity statements ranged from 8.4 to 9.0.

Conclusions

The findings confirm that the simulator has the feel and look of real-time scanning with high face validity. Similarly, its tutorial structures and learning steps confirm the content validity.
Immigration and the rate of population mixing: explorations with a stylized model
Authors: Denton Frank Trevor , Spencer Byron Grant
Published: September 2017

The integration or mixing of immigrants with non-immigrants is an important issue in many countries. There are various forms of mixing. We consider here cross-parenting, the bearing of children with one immigrant parent and one non-immigrant. Our objective is to model cross-parenting as a demographic process and investigate the rate at which such mixing could occur.

We identify three populations within an overall total: non-immigrant, immigrant, and mixed. A model is constructed to track the three as they change and interact through cross-parenting. The populations evolve by simulation in accordance with a common stable projection matrix. However, as cross-parenting between immigrants and non-immigrants occurs, the progeny are transferred to the mixed population; the immigrant and non-immigrant populations are thus depleted by the transfers and the mixed population augmented in each generation. The transfers are governed by underlying preferences, but the preference pattern must be modified to recognize constraints imposed by differences in population size. A restricted least-squares procedure effects the modification so that the actual pattern is as close as possible to the preferred one. Simulations are carried out with alternative preferential patterns and rates of immigration. Of particular interest is the proportion of mixed population in the total in each generation and the final steady state.

The paper develops a new framework and model to show the rate at which population mixing could occur under alternative assumptions about the immigration rate and preferences for cross-parenting.

JEL Classification: J10, J15
Assessment of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems for digitisation of a Russian icon
Authors: MacDonald Lindsay W. , Vitorino Tatiana , Picollo Marcello , Pillay Ruven , Obarzanowski Michał , Sobczyk Joanna , Nascimento Sérgio , Linhares João
Published: September 2017

In a study of multispectral and hyperspectral reflectance imaging, a Round Robin Test assessed the performance of different systems for the spectral digitisation of artworks. A Russian icon, mass-produced in Moscow in 1899, was digitised by ten institutions around Europe. The image quality was assessed by observers, and the reflectance spectra at selected points were reconstructed to characterise the icon’s colourants and to obtain a quantitative estimate of accuracy. The differing spatial resolutions of the systems affected their ability to resolve fine details in the printed pattern. There was a surprisingly wide variation in the quality of imagery, caused by unwanted reflections from both glossy painted and metallic gold areas of the icon’s surface. Specular reflection also degraded the accuracy of the reconstructed reflectance spectrum in some places, indicating the importance of control over the illumination geometry. Some devices that gave excellent results for matte colour charts proved to have poor performance for this demanding test object. There is a need for adoption of standards for digitising cultural heritage objects to achieve greater consistency of system performance and image quality.
Genome sequence of the white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus F17, a type strain of lignin degrader fungus
Authors: Yao Mengwei , Li Wenman , Duan Zihong , Zhang Yinliang , Jia Rong
Published: September 2017

Irpex lacteus, a cosmopolitan white-rot fungus, degrades lignin and lignin-derived aromatic compounds. In this study, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of I. lacteus F17, isolated from a decaying hardwood tree in the vicinity of Hefei, China. The genome is 44,362,654 bp, with a GC content of 49.64% and a total of 10,391 predicted protein-coding genes. In addition, a total of 18 snRNA, 842 tRNA, 15 rRNA operons and 11,710 repetitive sequences were also identified. The genomic data provides insights into the mechanisms of the efficient lignin decomposition of this strain.
The effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling on anxiety in the mothers of infants in the NICU: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koochaki Massumeh , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Esmaelzadeh – Saeieh Sara , Kabir Kourosh , Tehranizadeh Maryam , Dolatian Mahrokh
Published: September 2017

Background: Pressures and tensions in everyone’s life can cause a wide range of mental disorders such as anxiety. One of these tensions is the birth of a baby who requires special care, which can cause personal and social problems for the mother if no appropriate measures are taken to help them. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling on anxiety in the mothers of infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial recruited 90 women presenting to Kowsar Hospital in Qazvin in 2016. They were enrolled by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Eight sessions were held for each group. Beck Anxiety Inventory was filled by mothers at the beginning of intervention, at the end of the eighth session and three weeks after the intervention. The data was analyzed by generalized estimating equations (GEE) method.

Results: According to the results, maternal anxiety showed no significant differences between the two groups before intervention (p = 0.408 and p = 0.881). Based on GEE test, the mean score of anxiety was significantly different in the two groups (p = 0.026) immediately and three weeks after the intervention in that it was lower in the intervention group. Friedman test results also confirmed the reducing trend of mean score of anxiety in the three stages (p = 0.000).

Conclusions: Counseling has a positive effect on reducing the anxiety of mothers of children with special needs, therefore it can be used to improve their condition.
­­­Proteomic analysis of H3K36me3 and PSIP1/p75 (LEDGF) complexes reveal their wider role in DNA repair
Authors: Pradeepa Madapura M. , Taylor Gillian C.A. , von Kriegsheim Alex
Published: September 2017

Background: Trimethylation at histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me3) is associated with expressed gene bodies and recruit proteins implicated in transcription, splicing and DNA repair. PC4 and SF2 interacting protein (PSIP1/LEDGF) is a transcriptional coactivator, possesses a  H3K36me3 reader PWWP domain. Alternatively spliced isoforms of PSIP1 binds to H3K36me3 and suggested to function as adaptor proteins to recruit transcriptional modulators, splicing factors and proteins that promote homology directed repair (HDR), to H3K36me3 chromatin.

Methods: We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of H3K36me3 followed by quantitative mass spectrometry to identify proteins associated with H3K36 trimethylated chromatin in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Furthermore, we performed stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) for a longer isoform of PSIP1 (p75) and MOF/KAT8 in mESCs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFS).

Results: Proteomic analysis of H3K36me3 chromatin show association of proteins involved in transcriptional elongation, RNA processing and DNA repair with H3K36me3 chromatin. Furthermore, we show DNA repair proteins like PARP1, gamma H2A.X, XRCC1, DNA ligase 3, SPT16, Topoisomerases and BAZ1B are predominant interacting partners of PSIP1/p75. We validated the association of PSIP1/p75 with gamma H2A.X, an early marker of DNA damage and also demonstrated accumulation of damaged DNA in PSIP1 knockout MEFs.

Conclusions: In contrast to the previously demonstrated role of H3K36me3 and PSIP1/p75 in promoting HDR in mammals, our data supports the wider role of H3K36me3 and PSIP1 in maintaining the genome integrity by recruiting several DNA repair proteins to transcribed gene bodies.
Awards as motivational tools
Authors: Barker Karen
Published: September 2017

With nominations open for the annual British Journal of Midwifery Practice Awards 2018, Karen Barker explores the effect that being recognised can have on morale
Point-of-care ultrasound: its growing application in hospital medicine
Authors: Kingwill Aidan , Barker Graham , Wong Adrian
Published: September 2017

Point-of-care ultrasound is emerging as an important adjunct to the clinical examination. Ultrasonography has long been seen as a modality for experts but this is changing and it is hoped that, with appropriate training, point-of-care ultrasound will become a modern-day diagnostic necessity.
Postoperative analgesia for shoulder surgery
Authors: Desai Neel
Published: September 2017

Both arthroscopic and open surgery of the shoulder are associated with significant postoperative pain. Use of opioids can result in adverse systemic effects, so a multi-modal analgesic approach and complementary analgesic techniques should be considered to minimize the postoperative opioid requirement. Single shot interscalene block provides effective pain control of early and limited duration which can be extended with a catheter. Continuous interscalene block should be considered for more invasive shoulder procedures. However, interscalene block is associated with hemidiaphragmatic paresis which is a substantial risk in patients with serious pulmonary pathology who could otherwise benefit most from a regional technique and the avoidance of opioids. Local infiltration analgesia, and suprascapular nerve block with or without axillary nerve block, have not been consistently shown to be superior to or as effective as interscalene block and there is insufficient evidence to support the use of supraclavicular block over interscalene block.
Sin Facundo no hay Nunca Más. Trayectorias, contiendas morales y opacidades en la producción social de una víctima “no inocente” en Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Bermúdez Natalia
Published: September 2017

¿Quiénes quedan fuera de las organizaciones que se constituyen para demandar justicia?, ¿cómo se construyen las clasificaciones y las jerarquías sociales en torno a los familiares de víctimas?, ¿de qué modos se logran inscribir ciertas muertes y desapariciones como un problema y un drama colectivo en Argentina? En este artículo muestro cómo se fue configurando políticamente la desaparición de un joven proveniente de sectores populares en la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) y los reclamos de su familia, a partir del análisis de las trayectorias implicadas y del agenciamiento particular de las redes que se entramaron con organismos de derechos humanos. En el marco de este proceso analizo, por un lado, el modo en que el parentesco pasa a constituirse como un principio organizador que habilita a fundar las articulaciones de repertorios y demandas entre un pasado reciente y un presente democrático. Y, por otro, indago cómo la desaparición se fue legitimando en diversos espacios sociales, académicos y políticos, consiguiendo trascender la construcción del caso judicial, ligado a una violencia horizontal de orden privado. Más allá del dictamen de la Justicia, la desaparición, como muerte inconclusa, (re)actualiza constantemente la lucha y vuelve a colocar el acento sobre la responsabilidad de las agencias del Estado. Por último, a partir del recorrido etnográfico y desde un recorte de clase, problematizo las implicancias de las inclusiones, exclusiones y fronteras que las categorías de parentesco instituyen.
El límite. Sobre la segregación urbana en contextos locales
Authors: Aguiar Sebastián
Published: September 2017

En 1965 N. Elias y J. Scotson realizaron una investigación sobre la localidad inglesa de Winston Parva, que lentamente se ha vuelto clásica. En ese estudio examinan las figuraciones en torno a las fronteras sociales entre quienes residían en un territorio y los llegados posteriormente, a partir del estudio de la sensación de inseguridad provocada por los vecinos más recientes. Desde esa situación buscan aislar una configuración que pudiera extrapolarse en un modelo a otras circunstancias parecidas; en ese ánimo se triangula aquí con otros dos estudios de caso en las localidades de Magdalena, en Manaos (Brasil), y de Valderas, en Montevideo (Uruguay). Los casos estudiados presentan similitudes y ciertas diferencias con Winston Parva, que acumulan en el carácter paradigmático y demuestran la vigencia del análisis de Elias. Pero además, en estos casos, la situación añade un elemento: vecinos organizados construyen una división material entre los grupos —un muro, un portón—. La radicalización respecto a Winston Parva lleva el asunto al límite e invita a profundizar dos discusiones eticopolíticas, subyacentes en el trabajo de Elias y Scotson: los momentos de indecidibilidad y el fundamento místico de la autoridad en esas decisiones, que muestran que la segregación entre nuevos “marginales” y “establecidos” más prósperos es un diferendo que solo provoca víctimas, de distintos tipos.
FABRICAÇÃO ARTESANAL DE QUEIJO COLONIAL ANALISADA SOB OS CRITÉRIOS DA INSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA nº 30/2013 (MUNICÍPIOS DO TERRITÓRIO DA CANTUQUIRIGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRASIL)
Authors: Tesser Ionara Casali , Fariña Luciana Oliveira de , Kottwitz Luciana Bill Mikito , Sosa David Esteban Fariña , Pramiu Débora Cristina
Published: September 2017

Este estudo foi realizado em 17 propriedades produtoras de queijo colonial artesanal de três municípios do oeste da Cantuquiriguaçu (PR). Por meio de questionário, buscou-se conhecer as condições de produção do leite e da fabricação dos queijos coloniais, para que fossem comparados com os critérios da Instrução Normativa nº 30/2013 do MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento). Os resultados indicaram que em todas as propriedades avaliadas (100%) não havia certificação como livres de brucelose e tuberculose, nem programa para controle de mastite, nem de boas práticas de ordenha e de manipulação dos queijos, além de deficiências no controle da qualidade da água, do controle de pragas e da maturação dos queijos. Considerando os critérios da IN30/2013, as propriedades foram consideradas inadequadas para a produção. No entanto, cabe destacar que o município 01 tem implantadas diversas medidas que atendem parcialmente quesitos da legislação, indicando que a implementação de políticas públicas e mais suporte técnico poderão auxiliar os produtores a se tornarem aptos para produção adequada de queijos com leite cru.
Strategi Pembelajaran Adaptif untuk Statistik
Authors: Ro'fah Ro'fah , Andayani Andayani
Published: September 2017

This is a study which focuses on examining the problem in teaching-learning process of Statistic dealt by blind students at UIN Sunan Kalijaga in 2010. The investitigation is necessary as blind students should struggle to understand the subject. As matter of fact, Statistic is perceived as a problematic discipline in general, however, the situation worsen for blind students, was more problematic as it involves imagery thinking and visual perception such as graphics, symbols, images and on other side, needs a lot of practical exercises. This research utilizes qualitative method, through in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion data collection. This involves 5 students and 2 lectures at UIN Sunan Kalijaga around the issues as follows: methods of teaching, class dynamic and evaluation. The problems and challenges dealt by students analyzed and thus recomendations are formulated in the end of study.
Meningkatkan Rentang Perhatian Anak Autis dalam Pembelajaran Pengenalan Huruf
Authors: Ballerina Titisa
Published: September 2017

One characteristic of an autistic child is having obstacles in attention span, which affects their learning process. Children with autism need appropriate learning methods to help them engaging the learning process. This study is aimed at figuring out an appropriate learning method for the subject in recognizing letters. The main question of this study is how to improve the subject’s attention span in learning letter recognition. This case study was conducted through five processes, i.e.: (1) accessing the subject; (2) analyzing the problem; (3) preparing interventions for the subject; (4) implementing interventions; (5) evaluating the effects of interventions. The study found that the learning method of movement and song can enhance the autistic child’s attention span. Therefore, children with autism need appropriate learning methods based on their interests.[Salah satu karakteristik anak autis adalah memiliki hambatan dalam rentang perhatian, yang berdampak pada proses pembelajaran. Anak autis memerlukan metode belajar yang sesuai dengan karakteristiknya,  agar dapat membantu proses belajarnya. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode belajar yang sesuai untuk subjek dalam mengenal huruf. Pertanyaan utama pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana cara meningkatkan rentang perhatian subjek dalam pembelajaran pengenalan huruf. Proses yang telah dilakukan yaitu: (1) mengases subjek; (2) menganalisis permasalahan; (3) menyusun intervensi untuk subjek; (4) menerapkan intervensi; (5) mengevaluasi efek intervensi. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah terdapat peningkatan rentang perhatian pada subjek, setelah menggunakan metode belajar gerakan dan lagu. Anak autis memerlukan metode belajar yang sesuai dengan minatnya.]
Association of the Apolipoprotein A-I gene polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease risk factors and atherogenic indices in patients from assam, Northeast India
Authors: Bora K , Pathak MS , Borah P , Hussain Md.I , Das D
Published: September 2017

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and particularly decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidemia are prevalent in Assam, India. This study was undertaken to investigate whether Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) gene polymorphisms (G-75A and C+83T) were associated with i) the risk for decreased HDL-C, and ii) other CVD risk factors, viz. serum lipids, atherogenic indices, obesity, and blood pressure (BP). A total of 649 subjects were screened, from which 200 eligible individuals, classified as case group with decreased HDL-C levels (100 subjects) and control group with normal HDL-C levels (100 subjects) were enrolled and genotyped using polymersase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. Lipid fractions [HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TG)] and atherogenic indices [Castelli’s Risk Indices-I and -II (CRI-I and -II), non-HDL-C fraction, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC)] were estimated. The G-75A and C+83T loci were not associated with decreased HDL-C risk. This was confirmed across different genetic models (dominant, recessive, additive and allelic). Association was also absent with BP and obesity. However, the G-75A locus was associated with LDL-C, whereas the C+83T locus was associated with TG and VLDL-C. Furthermore, these sites had effects on atherogenic indices. The rare A allele at the G-75A locus was associated with adverse CRI-I, CRI-II, non-HDL-C and AC values, while the major C allele at the C+83T locus was associated with adverse AIP values. Thus, the pro-atherogenic G-75A polymorphism and the anti-atherogenic C+83T polymorphism represent important genetic loci that modulate CVD risk factors in subjects from Assam.
Analysis of the mitochondrial 4977 bp deletion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Guo ZS , Jin CL , Yao ZJ , Wang YM , Xu BT
Published: September 2017

Mutations in the mitochondrial (mt) genome that result in mt dysfunction, have long been proposed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among these, the common mtDNA 4977 bp deletion is one of the most frequent mutations observed in various cancers. To understand the relationship between the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion and HCC, we performed mutational screening for the presence of this deletion in 105 HCC patients and 69 unrelated healthy subjects. After nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) amplification, we found that there were 10 patients carrying the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion, and this deletion was absent in control subjects. Moreover, HCC patients carrying this deletion showed a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mtDNA copy number when compared with the healthy controls. Taken together, our data indicated that the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion may play important role in the carcinogenesis of HCC, possibly via the alternation of mtDNA copy number and oxidative stress.
Effect of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 gene on lipid profile and adipokines levels in obese subjects
Authors: Becer E , Çırakoğlu A
Published: September 2017

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key regulator of metabolism, adipokines production and secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the PPARγ2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphism in obesity in terms of body mass index (BMI), lipid parameters, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum lipid, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and chemerin levels. The study included 160 obese and 140 non obese subjects. The Pro12Ala polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum lipid, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and chemerin levels were measured. No association was found between the Pro12Ala polymorphism and BMI. Strikingly, in the study group, obese subjects with the AA genotype had significantly higher triglycerides (p = 0.046) and resistin (p <0.001) levels than those with the wild-type PP and heterozygous PA genotypes. Serum leptin and chemerin levels were significantly associated with Pro-12Ala poymorphism in the obese and non obese groups (p <0.01). In the obese group, subjects with the homozygous AA genotype had significantly lower adiponectin (p = 0.010) activity than the PP genotype. Our results suggest that the PPARγ2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphism has no direct association with obesity but does have significant influences on lipid profiles and adipokines levels.
Benign, pathogenic and copy number variations of unknown clinical significance in patients with congenital malformations and developmental delay
Authors: Mihaylova M , Staneva R , Toncheva D , Pancheva M , Hadjidekova S
Published: September 2017

The high frequency (3.0-5.0%) of congenital anomalies (CA) and intellectual disabilities (IDs), make them a serious problem, responsible for a high percentage (33.0%) of neonatal mortality. The genetic cause remains unclear in 40.0% of cases. Recently, molecular karyotyping has become the most powerful method for detection of pathogenic imbalances in patients with multiple CAs and IDs. This method is with high resolution and gives us the opportunity to investigate and identify candidate genes that could explain the genotype-phenotype correlations. This article describes the results from analysis of 81 patients with congenital malformations (CMs), developmental delay (DD) and ID, in which we utilized the CytoChip ISCA oligo microarray, 4 × 44 k, covering the whole genome with a resolution of 70 kb. In the selected group of patients with CAs, 280 copy number variations (CNVs) have been proven, 41 were pathogenic, 118 benign and 121 of unknown clinical significance (average number of variations 3.5). In six patients with established pathogenic variations, our data revealed eight pathogenic aberrations associated with the corresponding phenotype. The interpretation of the other CNVs was made on the basis of their frequency in the investigated group, the size of the variation, content of genes in the region and the type of the CNVs (deletion or duplication).
Inherited thrombophilias could influence the reproductive outcome in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Robeva R , Tanev D , Andonova S , Nikolova M , Tomova A , Kumanov Ph , Savov A , Rashkov R , Kolarov Zl
Published: September 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with different reproductive complications in the affected women. Inherited thrombophilias are genetic factors increasing the risk for thromboembolism and recurrent pregnancy loss, but their influence on other reproductive disturbances in SLE patients has not been completely clarified. Two hundred and twenty-three Caucasian women (112 with SLE and 111 controls) were included in the study. Complete reproductive history of all SLE patients was carefully obtained. Genotyping for the FVLeiden, FIIG20210A, and MTHFRC677T polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. No significant differences in the prevalence of the FVLeiden, FIIG20210A, and MTHFRC677T polymorphisms between patients and controls were established. Patients with FVLeiden had fewer pregnancies (0.57 ± 0.98 vs. 2.18 ± 1.58; p = 0.007) than the others, while no significant differences in the reproductive history of FIIG20210A carriers and non-carriers were observed (p >0.05). In the SLE group, 41.67% of women with the MTHFRC677T TT genotype had at least one miscarriage in comparison to only 14.00% of the other female patients (p = 0.030). While the prevalence of the investigated thrombophilias was similar in patients with SLE and healthy women, a substantial influence of the inherited prothrombotic factors on the reproductive history of patients was revealed. The investigations of the FVLeiden and MTHFRC677T polymorphisms in SLE patients could help to identify women at highest risk for reproductive failure and thus, further studies in other ethnic groups would be of strong clinical importance.
Familiarity in Chinese and English Idiom Comprehension: An Event Related Potential Study from Chinese English Learners
Authors: Haibo Shen , Yan Wang , Wenyu Liu
Published: September 2017

Idioms have attracted great attention over recent decades. Nevertheless, controversies still remain in regard of the most plausible cognition mechanism for idiom comprehension, especially concerning non-Indo-European languages and second/foreign language users. Event Related Potential (ERP) experiments on proficient English learners whose native language was Mandarin Chinese were conducted to test the influences of idioms’ familiarity on both Chinese and English (as foreign language) idiom comprehension. Data including accuracy rates, reaction time, and latency and peak amplitudes of N400 were recorded and analyzed, indicating that familiarity might play a significant role in idiom comprehension in both native and foreign languages. Further, idioms, should they have similar familiarity levels, may be easier to process in the native language (Chinese) than in the foreign language (English).
English Language Teaching in Iran: Tradition versus Modernity
Authors: Ekstam Jane M. , Sarvandy Elham
Published: September 2017

The present paper discusses the tension between tradition and modernity with respect to the teaching of English in Iran. It demonstrates that the second decade of the present century marks a shift, albeit nascent, in a) Iranian teachers and officials’ attitudes towards the content and method of English language teaching in terms of the need for greater interaction in the classroom, and b) raised awareness of the importance of culture in language teaching. We pose the question: “how can Iran continue to build on new ideas about English language teaching at school and tertiary levels with a view to improving not only pupils’/students’ performance but also embracing modernity in a globalized world?” The discussion is based on a survey of literature addressing the current state of English education in Iran.
The Influence of L2 on L1 Lexical Competence and Grammatical Properties in Written Expressions
Authors: Chunpeng Cai , Hee-Don Ahn
Published: September 2017

This article reports a study on the impact of L2 Korean on L1 Chinese lexical diversity and grammar in written expressions by Chinese bilinguals proficient in Korean. The statistical analysis showed that the cross-linguistic effects of L2 on L1 were significant although such impact was bidirectional. There were significantly more grammar errors and longer retrieval time committed by the bilingual group which implied negative L2 transfer to L1. Meanwhile, L2 also showed a positive influence on lexical diversity as there was no decline in lexical richness but an increase in lexical variations, and this indicated that L2-induced patterns did not replace or deteriorate L1 but instead added additional options to L1 expressions. This phenomenon can be characterized as the addition of new concepts and linguistic options to the already-existing L1 and conceptual repertoire. Specifically, meta-linguistic competence was enhanced. This research supports the theory of interference on L1 by the use of L2 (negative transfer), but it could also be enhanced by L2 (positive transfer).
A convenient regioselective synthesis of spirooxindolinopyrrolizidines incorporating the pyrene moiety through a [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Hussein Essam M. , Ahmed Saleh A. , Althagafi Ismail I.
Published: September 2017

A facile one-pot synthesis of spirooxindolinopyrrolizidines incorporating the pyrene moiety was accomplished in good yields through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 3-aryl-1-(pyren-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives with in situ-generated azomethine ylides.
Viszeraler Schmerz – eine biopsychologische Perspektive
Authors: Elsenbruch Sigrid , Icenhour Adriane , Enck Paul
Published: September 2017

Der von inneren Organen ausgehende, viszerale Schmerz unterscheidet sich in entscheidenden Aspekten von somatischen Schmerzen, sodass sich aus der somatischen Schmerzforschung gewonnene Erkenntnisse nur begrenzt übertragen lassen. Zugleich sind insbesondere zentralnervöse Mechanismen der bidirektionalen Kommunikation zwischen Darm und Gehirn bislang nur unzureichend verstanden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beleuchtet den viszeralen Schmerz aus einer biopsychologischen Perspektive mit Schwerpunkt auf neurowissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen. Die Bedeutung von Stress und weiteren psychologischen Einflussfaktoren auf die bidirektionale Signalvermittlung entlang der Gehirn-Darm-Achse steht dabei im Fokus. Zudem werden Befunde zu möglichen geschlechtsbezogenen Unterschieden bei viszeralen Schmerzen diskutiert. An der Schnittstelle von biologischer Psychologie, Neurogastroenterologie und den Neurowissenschaften soll so ein Einblick in ein faszinierendes, interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet eröffnet werden.