bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling relationships between species spatial abundance patterns and climate
Authors: Huntley Brian , Altwegg Res , Barnard Phoebe , Collingham Yvonne C. , Hole David G.
Published: August 2011

Aim  To move towards modelling spatial abundance patterns and to evaluate the relative impacts of climatic change upon species abundances as opposed to range extents.

Location  Southern Africa, including Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe.

Methods  Quantitative response surface models were fitted for 78 bird species, mostly endemic (68) or near‐endemic to the region, to model relationships between species reporting rates (i.e. the proportion of checklists reporting a species for a particular grid cell), as recorded by the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, and four bioclimatic variables derived from climatic data for the period 1961–90. With caution, reporting rates can be used as a proxy for abundance. Models were used to project potential impacts of a series of projected climatic change scenarios upon species abundance patterns and range extents.

Results  Most models obtained were robust with good predictive power. Projections of potential future abundance patterns indicate that the magnitude of impacts upon a proxy for abundance are greater than those upon range extent for the majority of species (82% by 2071–2100). For most species (74%) both abundance and range extent are projected to decrease by 2100. Impacts are especially severe if species are unable to realize projected range changes; when only the area of a species' simulated present range is considered, overall abundance decreases of more than 80% are projected for 19 (24%) of species examined.

Main conclusions  Our results indicate that projected climatic changes are likely to elicit greater relative changes in species abundances than range extents. For most species examined changes were decreases, suggesting the impacts upon biodiversity are likely generally to be negative. These results also suggest that previous estimates of the proportion of species at increased risk of extinction as a result of climatic change may, in some cases, be under‐estimates.
Melanocytic naevi and basal cell carcinoma: is there an association?
Authors: Richmond‐Sinclair N.M. , van der Pols J.C. , Green A.C.
Published: August 2011

Background  Melanoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) affect similar body sites and share a complex relationship with sun exposure.

Objective  To establish the existence and magnitude of association between melanocytic naevi, the strongest predictors of melanoma, and BCC to give possible insights into shared pathways of solar ultraviolet tumourigenesis.

Methods  In a community‐based longitudinal Australian study, detailed information was collected about sun sensitivity, and dermatologists assessed skin colour and counted naevi on the forearms (1986) and back (1992). The BCC frequency and sites were prospectively monitored until 2007. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of naevi on the forearms or on the back with the development of BCC, adjusting for other risk factors.

Results  Of 1621 study participants in 1992, 1339 (average age 49) had complete follow‐up and 401 (30%) of these had 1202 histologically confirmed BCCs until 2007. After adjustment for age, gender, skin colour, naevi on the back and sun exposure, overall BCC risk increased significantly in those with forearm naevi (odds ratio: 1.5; 95% confidence intervals: 1.1–1.9). Risk of BCC specifically on the back was doubled in those with many (11 or more) forearm naevi compared with no forearm naevi (odds ratio: 2.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–4.8). Naevi on the back were not associated with subsequent basal cell carcinoma.

Conclusions  High naevus prevalence on the arms is associated with future BCC development.
Seasonal patterns in bycatch composition and mortality associated with a freshwater hoop net fishery
Authors: Larocque S. M. , Colotelo A. H. , Cooke S. J. , Blouin‐Demers G. , Haxton T. , Smokorowski K. E.
Published: August 2011

Although bycatch is well known and well studied in marine fisheries, comparatively little is known about bycatch in freshwater fisheries. Even basic information on bycatch composition and mortality in freshwater is unavailable, given that few inland jurisdictions require reporting of bycatch. A small‐scale inland hoop net fishery that targets pan fish (e.g. sunfish, Lepomis spp.) and operates primarily in the spring and fall was simulated in two lakes in south‐eastern Ontario to characterize both bycatch composition and mortality. We fished one lake in both spring and fall to compare catch rates, while in the other lake we set nets for 2 or 6 days during the spring to assess fish mortality associated with different net tending frequencies. In both lakes, bycatch consisted of gamefish, turtles (including several species at risk), and mammals. For fish, there was no difference in spring and fall catches. Turtles, however, were captured more often in spring. Fish mortality of both target and non‐target species increased from 0.3–0.9% to 3.0–3.7% (4–10 times) when set net duration increased from 2 to 6 days. Despite the provision of an air breathing space in our nets, we documented severe turtle mortality (33% in one lake) and all mammals died, suggesting that provision of air spaces is not always effective. Although all bycatch mortality is a concern, turtles are prone to population declines even with low levels of non‐natural mortality. As such, regulators may consider limiting commercial fishing to the fall in this region to reduce turtle captures. Seasonal restrictions on fishing or use of frequent net tending (e.g. < 2 days) will not prevent all turtle bycatch and therefore gear modifications should be investigated to further reduce turtle captures and mortality associated with hoop nets.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Presenting as Digital Petechiae
Authors: Heinlin Julia , Knoppke Birgit , Kohl Elisabeth , Landthaler Michael , Karrer Sigrid
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  We present a 15‐year‐old female patient with a 6‐month history of recurrent painful petechiae on the fingers and feet. Trauma or pressure were denied, but she reported recurrent tonsillitis and urinary tract infections and a single event of bilateral scotoma. Extensive investigations (e.g., echocardiography) for a suspected diagnosis of septic emboli were unremarkable. Routine histopathology, direct and indirect immunofluorescence, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy led to the diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis. The therapeutic strategy comprised gluten‐free diet and dapsone to alleviate the symptoms. Dermatitis herpetiformis should be included in the differential diagnosis of palmar or plantar petechiae, especially when occurring in children or young adults.
Hyperhidrosis plantaris – a randomized, half‐side trial for efficacy and safety of an antiperspirant containing different concentrations of aluminium chloride
Authors: Streker Meike , Reuther Tilmann , Hagen Linda , Kerscher Martina
Published: August 2011

Background: Primary focal hyperhidrosis plantaris can cause impairment in social, physical, leisure and occupational activities. Topical treatment with aluminium chloride is the first‐line treatment. The aim of this trial was to evaluate efficacy and safety of two different concentrations of aluminium chloride hexa‐hydrate (12.5%, 30%) for 6 weeks.

Patients and methods: 20 volunteers with hyperhidrosis plantaris were included. Efficacy was evaluated using a clinical rating scale of the hyperhidrosis level and qualitative assessments including Minor's (iodine‐starch) test and a standardized sniff test. Furthermore a patient questionnaire and measurements of skin surface pH were done to evaluate the subjective assessments and side effects.

Results: The hyperhidrosis level significantly decreased in both concentrations. There were no differences in tolerability regarding the skin surface pH and the patient questionnaires. In addition the hidrotic areas decreased after application of both products and the sniff test improved.

Conclusion: Topical application of an antiperspirant containing aluminium chloride reduced sweat production in plantar hyperhidrosis significantly. As both 12.5% and 30% were efficacious and safe, we would recommend 12.5% for outpatient treatment.
Partial sequence of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region
Authors: UKAJI Takao , SUMIYAMA Daisuke , KAI Osamu
Published: August 2011

We determined the sequence of the immunoglobulin gamma heavy‐chain constant (IGHC) region of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). To isolate a part of the IGHC complementary DNA, we designed primers on the basis of highly conserved sequences in mouse, rat and hamster. The deduced IGHC is structurally similar to counterparts in other mammalian species and shows 84.6% identity to the IGHC of hamster IgG, 76.6% to rat IgG1, 83.3% to rat IgG2a, 78.1% to mouse IgG1, 81.8% to mouse IgG2a, 79.1% to mouse IgG2b and 79.2% to mouse IgG3 at the nucleotide level. The results suggest that gerbil IgG is closely related to hamster IgG and rat IgG2a.
Hoarding, Speculation, and the Public Order of the Market in France, End of the Eighteenth Century–1914
Authors: Stanziani Alessandro
Published: August 2011

France regulated competition through the gradual development of jurisprudence rooted in Old Regime practices of speculation and hoarding. This article aims to understand the reasons for this institutional legacy in order to determine if and how these norms could be adapted to the new phenomena of industrial concentration as they appeared at the turn of the nineteenth century.

I argue that French regulation of futures trades and speculation are aimed to stabilize and enhance markets and not to limit them, and that continuities in market and capitalism regulation were much more important than usually held.
Remediation of polluted surface water outfalls – customer communication and changes in behaviour
Authors: Dunk M. J. , Owen A. , McMath S. M. , Arikans J.
Published: August 2011

Water and sewerage companies are experiencing increased levels of pollution at surface water outfalls attributable to incorrectly installed wastewater pipe work from predominantly domestic premises. Foul to surface water plumbing errors can cause environmental pollution in local rivers and streams, but the remediation of polluted surface water outfalls is sustainable only if undertaken in parallel with stakeholder education. Methodologies developed to date to inform, educate or change customer behaviour regarding misconnections have done little to reduce the problem. This paper reports on a study conducted to identify gaps in customers' knowledge with a view to raising awareness of the issues. It is anticipated that the conclusions drawn will be used to better inform the public about misconnections through effectively targeted communications.
Synaptically activated Ca2+ waves and NMDA spikes locally suppress voltage‐dependent Ca2+ signalling in rat pyramidal cell dendrites
Authors: Manita Satoshi , Miyazaki Kenichi , Ross William N.
Published: August 2011

Non‐Technical Summary  Synaptically activated changes in dendritic [Ca2+]i affect many important physiological processes including synaptic plasticity and gene expression. The location, magnitude and time course of these changes can determine which mechanisms are affected. Therefore, it is important to understand the processes that control and modulate these changes. One important source is Ca2+ entering through voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels opened by action potentials backpropagating over the dendrites (bAPs). Here we examine how [Ca2+]i changes, caused by regenerative Ca2+ release from internal stores (Ca2+ waves) or by regenerative Ca2+ entry through NMDA receptors (NMDA spikes), affect subsequent bAP‐evoked [Ca2+]i changes. These large [Ca2+]i increases suppressed the bAP signals in the regions where the preceding [Ca2+]i increases were largest. The suppression was proportional to the magnitude of the large [Ca2+]i change and was insensitive to kinase and phosphatase inhibitors, consistent with suppression due to Ca2+‐dependent inhibition of Ca2+ channels.
Add Lipidation to Histone Modifications
Authors: Thompson Heather M.
Published: August 2011

Calcium triggers the nuclear translocation of the acyltransferase Lpcat1, where it mediates
O
-palmitoylation of histone H4.
The Right Receptor for Attention
Authors: Stern Peter R.
Published: August 2011

An important molecular mechanism involved in cognition has been unraveled.
Testing the Correlation and Heterogeneity for Hierarchical Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models
Authors: Zou Qingming , Zhu Zhongyi
Published: August 2011

Nonlinear mixed-effects models are very useful in analyzing repeated-measures data and have received a lot of attention in the field. It is of common interest to test for the correlation within clusters and the heterogeneity across different clusters. In this paper, we address these problems by proposing a class of score tests for the null hypothesis that all components of within- and between-subject variance are zeros in a kind of nonlinear mixed-effects model, and the asymptotic properties of the proposed tests are studied. The finite sample performance of this test is examined through simulation studies, and an illustrative example is presented.
Common Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci Are Associated with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Stevens Kristen N. , Vachon Celine M. , Lee Adam M. , Slager Susan , Lesnick Timothy , Olswold Curtis , Fasching Peter A. , Miron Penelope , Eccles Diana , Carpenter Jane E. , Godwin Andrew K. , Ambrosone Christine , Winqvist Robert , Brauch Hiltrud , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Cox Angela , Cross Simon S. , Sawyer Elinor , Hartmann Arndt , Beckmann Matthias W. , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Ekici Arif B. , Tapper William J. , Gerty Susan M. , Durcan Lorraine , Graham Nikki , Hein Rebecca , Nickels Stephan , Flesch-Janys Dieter , Heinz Judith , Sinn Hans-Peter , Konstantopoulou Irene , Fostira Florentia , Pectasides Dimitrios , Dimopoulos Athanasios M. , Fountzilas George , Clarke Christine L. , Balleine Rosemary , Olson Janet E. , Fredericksen Zachary , Diasio Robert B. , Pathak Harsh , Ross Eric , Weaver JoEllen , Rüdiger Thomas , Försti Asta , Dünnebier Thomas , Ademuyiwa Foluso , Kulkarni Swati , Pylkäs Katri , Jukkola-Vuorinen Arja , Ko Yon-Dschun , Van Limbergen Erik , Janssen Hilde , Peto Julian , Fletcher Olivia , Giles Graham G. , Baglietto Laura , Verhoef Senno , Tomlinson Ian , Kosma Veli-Matti , Beesley Jonathan , Greco Dario , Blomqvist Carl , Irwanto Astrid , Liu Jianjun , Blows Fiona M. , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Margolin Sara , Mannermaa Arto , Martin Nicholas G. , Montgomery Grant W. , Lambrechts Diether , dos Santos Silva Isabel , Severi Gianluca , Hamann Ute , Pharoah Paul , Easton Douglas F. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Yannoukakos Drakoulis , Nevanlinna Heli , Wang Xianshu , Couch Fergus J.
Published: August 2011

Triple-negative breast cancers are an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival, but there remains little known about the etiologic factors that promote its initiation and development. Commonly inherited breast cancer risk factors identified through genome-wide association studies display heterogeneity of effect among breast cancer subtypes as defined by the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors. In the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC), 22 common breast cancer susceptibility variants were investigated in 2,980 Caucasian women with triple-negative breast cancer and 4,978 healthy controls. We identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including rs2046210 (ESR1), rs12662670 (ESR1), rs3803662 (TOX3), rs999737 (RAD51L1), rs8170 (19p13.1), and rs8100241 (19p13.1), significantly associated with the risk of triple-negative breast cancer. Together, our results provide convincing evidence of genetic susceptibility for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res; 71(19); 6240–9. ©2011 AACR.
Kate Bateman: Sanitizing the Beautiful Jewess
Authors: Halpern Stefanie
Published: August 2011

During the late 19th century, the first portrayal of a Jewish woman on the American stage occurred in Leah the Forsaken. This successful production subjugated the Jewess by filling the title role with Kate Bateman, a non-Jewish actress, thus presenting a sanitized and palatable Jew for the middle-class Christian audience.
Juggling Tradition
Authors: Felder Sara
Published: August 2011

Negotiating the balancing act of Jewish, American, and queer identities inevitably entails some thrills, chills, and spills, especially if you are a solo circus theatre artist who juggles from the stoops of Brooklyn through the snows of Anchorage to the stages of San Francisco.
The Armchair Traveler: Küba on the Move
Authors: Wilkie Fiona
Published: August 2011

Kutluğ Ataman's touring DVD installation Küba (2004–2010) documents the lives of 40 inhabitants of a radical Istanbul ghetto, telling stories of belonging, place, identity, and exile. Contemporary discourses of mobility offer a productive framework through which to understand the project's tensions between home and travel.
HDM-2 inhibition suppresses expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2, and synergistically enhances gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jones Richard J. , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran , Neelapu Sattva , Fayad Luis E. , Romaguera Jorge E. , Wang Michael , Sharma Rakesh , Yang Dajun , Orlowski Robert Z.
Published: August 2011

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) usually responds well to initial therapy but is prone to relapses with chemoresistant disease, indicating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Inhibition of the p53 E3 ligase human homolog of the murine double minute protein-2 (HDM-2) with MI-63 has been validated as one such strategy in wild-type (wt) p53 models, and our genomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated that MI-63 suppressed the expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit M2 (RRM2). This effect occurred in association with induction of p21 and cell-cycle arrest at G1/S and prompted us to examine combinations with the RNR inhibitor 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine). The regimen of MI-63–gemcitabine induced enhanced, synergistic antiproliferative, and proapoptotic effects in wtp53 MCL cell lines. Addition of exogenous dNTPs reversed this effect, whereas shRNA-mediated inhibition of RRM2 was sufficient to induce synergy with gemcitabine. Combination therapy of MCL murine xenografts with gemcitabine and MI-219, the in vivo analog of MI-63, resulted in enhanced antitumor activity. Finally, synergy was seen with MI-63–gemcitabine in primary patient samples that were found to express high levels of RRM2 compared with MCL cell lines. These findings provide a framework for translation of the rational combination of an HDM-2 and RNR inhibitor to the clinic for patients with relapsed wtp53 MCL.
TP 53 and MDM2 gene polymorphisms and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among Italian patients
Authors: Di Vuolo Valeria , Buonaguro Luigi , Izzo Francesco , Losito Simona , Botti Gerardo , Buonaguro Franco M , Tornesello Maria Lina
Published: August 2011

Background

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within TP 53 gene (codon 72 exon 4, rs1042522, encoding either arginine or proline) and MDM2 promoter (SNP309; rs2279744), have been independently associated with increased risk of several cancer types. Few studies have analysed the role of these polymorphisms in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

Genotype distribution of TP 53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP309 in 61 viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 122 blood samples (healthy controls) from Italian subjects were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Results

Frequencies of TP 53 codon 72 alleles were not significantly different between cases and controls. A significant increase of MDM2 SNP309 G/G and T/G genotypes were observed among hepatocellular carcinoma cases (Odds Ratio, OR = 3.56, 95% Confidence Limits, 95% CI = 1.3-9.7; and OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.3-6.4, respectively).

Conclusions

These results highlight a significant role of MDM2 SNP309 G allele as a susceptibility gene for the development of viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma among Italian subjects.
Bargaining in Stationary Networks
Authors: Manea Mihai
Published: August 2011

We study an infinite horizon game in which pairs of players connected in a network are randomly matched to bargain. Players who reach agreement are replaced by new players at the same positions in the network. We show that all equilibria are payoff equivalent. The payoffs and the set of agreement links converge as players become patient. Several new concepts—mutually estranged sets, partners, and shortage ratios—provide insights into the relative strengths of the positions in the network. We develop a procedure to determine the limit equilibrium payoffs for all players. Characterizations of equitable and nondiscriminatory networks are also obtained. (JEL C78, D85)
The Effects of Lottery Prizes on Winners and Their Neighbors: Evidence from the Dutch Postcode Lottery
Authors: Kuhn Peter , Kooreman Peter , Soetevent Adriaan , Kapteyn Arie
Published: August 2011

Each week, the Dutch Postcode Lottery (PCL) randomly selects a postal code, and distributes cash and a new BMW to lottery participants in that code. We study the effects of these shocks on lottery winners and their neighbors. Consistent with the life-cycle hypothesis, the effects on winners' consumption are largely confined to cars and other durables. Consistent with the theory of in-kind transfers, the vast majority of BMW winners liquidate their BMWs. We do, however, detect substantial social effects of lottery winnings: PCL nonparticipants who live next door to winners have significantly higher levels of car consumption than other nonparticipants. JEL: D14, D91, H23, H27
Lucas Numbers and Determinants
Authors: Moghaddamfar Alireza , Tajbakhsh Hadiseh
Published: August 2011

In this article, we present two infinite dimensional matrices whose entries are recursively defined, and show that the sequence of their principal minors form the Lucas sequence, that is
Enumeration of Triangles in Quartic Residue Graphs
Authors: Budden Mark , Calkins Nicole , Hack William Nathan , Lambert Joshua , Thompson Kimberly
Published: August 2011

For a fixed prime
A New Way to Determine the Biodegradability of Lubricants by a Biokinetic Model
Authors: Rhee In-Sik
Published: August 2011

With advanced lubrication technology, natural resources have been turned into lubricants which are no longer recognizable by microorganisms and enzymes that convert natural substances into their basic building blocks. To make more environmentally friendly products, significant efforts are on-going to develop biodegradable materials and technologies which are fully compatible with the environment. One concern in these efforts is the evaluation of their biodegradability in laboratory environments within a short period. Currently, several ASTM and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) biodegradation test methods are available for determining this environmental property, but these take a long time (28 days) and special biological knowledge is required. Because of these disadvantages, it is very difficult to use in lubrication laboratories for assessing the biodegradability of lubricants. To resolve this problem, a biokinetic model has been developed based on the composition of lubricants. The advantage of this biokinetic model is that it can predict the biodegradability of lubricants within a day without the use of microorganisms. In addition, this new technology resulted in an excellent correlation with the existing laboratory biodegradation tests. Currently, this technology is used in the ASTM D7373 test method. This report presents how to develop a biokinetic model and the results are discussed in a comparison with the Aerobic Closed Respirometer test (ASTM D 6731).
Eat Me at the Fair: America's Love Affair with Food Installations
Authors: kirsch francine
Published: August 2011

Today's temporary installations are the domain of artists and intellectuals. But, a century ago, temporary food installations represented America's emergence as the world's breadbasket while exhibiting the patriotic pride of a young, agriculturally expanding nation. At local harvest festivals, temporary installations would take the form of majestic grain palaces. At world's fairs—particularly in 1876 Philadelphia, 1893 Chicago, and 1904 St. Louis—individual states contributed novelty food displays that underscored a prime product, be it Minnesota butter, California oranges, or wheat from Ohio. And, at a time when vast tracts of fertile land lay undeveloped, temporary installations at all these venues were meant to attract new population, whether from among the visitors at crowded urban exhibitions or from the settlers stopping at land grant offices on their way West, by demonstrating what a bounty could be obtained by farming in one particular area.
Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Confirmed in Texas
Authors: Light G. G. , Mohammed M. Y. , Dotray P. A. , Chandler J. M. , Wright R. J.
Published: August 2011

Glyphosate-resistantAmaranthusspecies are a recognized risk to U.S. agriculture. With affected cropland exceeding 1.2 million ha, this epidemic is particularly pertinent to agricultural regions that utilize an intensive glyphosate-based management program to control weedy pests. Before 2006, Texas had no identified glyphosate-resistant populations. Two independent common waterhemp populations exhibiting poor control by glyphosate were identified in Wharton County and Fort Bend County, TX in 2006 and 2008, respectively. The objective of the present research was to characterize the level of glyphosate resistance (50% lethal dose [LD50] and 50% reduction in growth rate [GR50]) in each population. Resistance levels in four putatively glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp biotypes selected from these two populations were compared with confirmed glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible common waterhemp populations under greenhouse conditions. The LD50value for the susceptible population (736 g ae ha−1) was equivalent to the 0.9× labeled rate of glyphosate, whereas the putatively resistant lines exhibited a broad range of resistance with LD50values ranging from 3.5 to 59.7× the labeled rate of glyphosate. The GR50value for the most resistant line was 2.5-fold greater than the susceptible biotype (317 g ae ha−1of glyphosate). These results confirm the first documented case of a glyphosate-resistant weed species in Texas.
Integration of Vinegar for In-Row Weed Control in Transplanted Bell Pepper and Broccoli
Authors: Evans G. J. , Bellinder R. R. , Hahn R. R.
Published: August 2011

Vinegar can supplement the existing intrarow weed control options of organic farmers. However, there are two primary limitations to its use in vegetable crops. First, it is costly. Second, vinegar applications that contact the crop can cause injury and yield loss. The aim of this research was to use vinegar to control intrarow weeds in bell pepper and broccoli in a way that product costs would be reduced and crop injury would be minimized. Banded applications were shielded and directed below the crop canopy to reduce weed control costs and minimize contact with crop foliage. Organic paints applied to crop stems were evaluated as potential physical barriers to crop stem injury. Four field trials were conducted in 2009, two in transplanted bell pepper and two in transplanted broccoli. A single application of 200-grain vinegar (20% acetic acid) at 700 L ha−1was applied when weeds were in the cotyledon to six-leaf stage. Applications were made to crops with the lower stems coated in one of two stem protectants, or left uncoated. Hand-weeded and weedy treatments were included for comparison. One day after vinegar application, in-row weed control was 100% in both pepper trials and greater than 96% in the broccoli trials. Two weeks after application, 75% fewer weeds germinated in the vinegar-treated areas compared with the areas that were hand weeded. Neither stem protectant prevented crop injury. Despite pepper foliar injury of less than 5%, stem injury 2 wk after application contributed to a measurable yield reduction. Broccoli injury was limited to instances where overspray contacted the crop canopy. With vinegar, high levels of weed control and the extended duration of that control relative to hand weeding could facilitate improved organic intrarow weed control. However, crop injury must be reliably reduced. Alternative stem protectants may merit evaluation.
Delay-dependent stability analysis for discrete-time systems with time varying state delay
Authors: Stojanovic Sreten , Debeljkovic Dragutin
Published: August 2011

The stability of discrete systems with time-varying delay is considered. Some
sufficient delaydependent stability conditions are derived using an
appropriate model transformation of the original system. The criteria are
presented in the form of LMI, which are dependent on the minimum and maximum
delay bounds. It is shown that the stability criteria are approximately the
same conservative as the existing ones, but have much simpler mathematical
form. The numerical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of
the developed results.
Collaborative Approach to Implementing an Adapted Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Guyse Lane A. , McHugh Beverly R. , Meszaros Jane Fitch , Vanderwood Karl K. , Hall Taryn O. , Arave Diane , Butcher Marcene K. , Helgerson Steven D. , Harwell Todd S.
Published: August 2011

This study evaluated weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction achieved through an adapted Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention among adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. A 16-session lifestyle intervention was delivered through a partnership between a diabetes self-management education (DSME) program and the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). Overweight adults with ≥ 1 additional risk factors for CVD or diabetes were enrolled (n = 265). Lifestyle coaches from the DSME program coordinated intervention delivery and taught the curriculum. YMCA staff delivered the physical activity component of the intervention. Two-hundred and nineteen participants (83%) completed the program. Seventy-five percent of participants achieved the physical activity goal (≥ 150 minutes/week), 34% achieved the 7% weight loss goal, and 60% achieved weight loss ≥ 5%. There were significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors among participants completing the intervention. Our findings suggest that an adapted lifestyle intervention can be successfully implemented through collaboration between a DSME program and a YMCA. Implementation of effective prevention programs in multiple settings throughout the United States will be needed to ensure that the large subpopulation of adults at high risk for CVD and diabetes have access to this prevention service.
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation by Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: Risk Analysis in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-negative Cases
Authors: KATO MASARU , ATSUMI TATSUYA , KURITA TAKASHI , ODANI TOSHIO , FUJIEDA YUICHIRO , OTOMO KOTARO , HORITA TETSUYA , YASUDA SHINSUKE , KOIKE TAKAO
Published: August 2011

Objective.

To evaluate the risk of reactivation of resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) by immunosuppressive therapy in patients with autoimmune diseases.

Methods.

Thirty-five patients with autoimmune diseases were included in our study; all were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen-positive. They were followed for 8–124 weeks and clinical outcomes were analyzed, including serum levels of HBV-DNA and aminotransferase every 4 weeks during their immunosuppressive therapy for underlying autoimmune diseases. If HBV-DNA was detected during the immunosuppressive therapy, HBsAg, antibody against HBsAg (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and antibody against HBeAg were also monitored every 4 weeks.

Results.

HBV-DNA was detected in 6 out of 35 patients. Anti-HBs titer was significantly lower in the patients in whom HBV-DNA was detected compared with the others at baseline: 2.83 (range 0.24–168.50) mIU/ml vs 99.94 (range 0.00–5342.98) mIU/ml, respectively (p = 0.036). Outcomes of the 6 patients with HBV reactivation were as follows: HBV-DNA turned negative in 2 patients without nucleic acid analog (NAA) and 1 with NAA; 2 died due to bacterial sepsis; and 1 died due to autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Significant elevation of aminotransferase was found in only 1 patient, but HBsAg converted to positive in 2 patients and HBeAg converted to positive in 1 patient.

Conclusion.

Reactivation of resolved HBV can occur during standard immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases. The low titer of baseline anti-HBs may carry its risk.
Sleep Deprivation: Consequences for Students
Authors: Marhefka Julie King
Published: August 2011

During the adolescent years, a delayed pattern of the sleep-wake cycle occurs. Many parents and health care providers are not aware that once established, these poor sleep habits can continue into adulthood. Early school hours start a pattern of sleep loss that begins a cycle of daytime sleepiness, which may affect mood, behavior, and increase risk for accidents or injury. These sleep-deprived habits established in adolescence can often lead to problems during college years. Sleep hygiene can be initiated to help break the cycle, along with education and implementation of a strict regimen. Monitoring all adolescents and college-aged students for sleep insufficiency is imperative to improve both academic and emotional well-being.
Simulation of Finite Element Analysis for Cutting Force of High-Speed Dry Gear Milling by Flying Cutter
Authors: Guo Qian , Lin Chao , Quan Wei
Published: August 2011

This paper makes the emulate experimental research of cutting force in high-speed dry gear milling by flying cutter with finite element analysis method by using the established cutting force model yet, makes the comparative analysis for the result of simulation experiment and theoretical calculation, verifies the correctness of cutting force model and calculation method, makes the comparative analysis for the influencing relations and changing laws of cutting force and cutting parameters and so many factors, and reveals the cutting mechanism of high-speed dry gear milling by flying cutter initially. By the research of this paper, it provides basic theory for subsequent cutting machine technology of high-speed dry gear hobbing, and establishes the theoretical basis for the spread and exploitation of this technology.
Static/Dynamic Contact Finite Element Analysis for Tooth Profile Modification of Helical Gears
Authors: Wu Yong Jun , Wang Jian Jun , Han Qin Kai
Published: August 2011

A precise approach for the tooth profile modification (TPM) of helical gear is presented in the paper based on the static contact finite element analysis (FEA). The high-precision finite element model of helical meshing gear pairs is established. The type and amount of TPM are accurately determined by the static contact FEA results. The dynamic contact simulations of helical gears with and without tooth modification are investigated to estimate the vibration reduction effect of the TPM. Moreover the numerical simulations are compared with the experimental results. Both results show that the proposed precise TPM of helical gears is effective on vibration reduction around the working load, and the dynamic contact simulation is effective on estimating the vibration reduction influence of the TPM.
Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic System to Integrated Design of Supervision: Using a Bond Graph Approach
Authors: Mellal Mohamed Arezki , Adjerid Smaïl , Benazzouz Djamel
Published: August 2011

The research in mechatronics focuses on the design and implementation of reliable, secure and economic systems. Our study is to modeling the operative part of a CNC machine using a bond graph approach with optimal placement of sensors in order to achieve a model for an integrated design of supervision. The proposed model allows a conception technically feasible and economically realizable to be integrated into production lines. The generation of analytical redundancy relations can find the FDI (Fault Detection and Isolation) matrix, that optimizes the maintenance function.
Study on Helical Tooth Profile Modification of Planetary Gear Transmission on the Basis of Gear Transmission Error
Authors: Tang Yu , Chang Shan , Wang Zhi Qiang , Zhang Kun
Published: August 2011

In order to minimize the fluctuation of gear transmission error (GTE) about the planetary gear transmission. A method was developed to deciding tooth profile modification curves of planetary transmission. According to the condition of the invariable design load, computing the dynamic characteristics of the planetary transmission system under modified and un-modified gear. At the same time, the compare is carried through of the dynamic characteristics for modified and un-modified gear. The results of the dynamic calculation indicate that the profile modification method can make the amplitudes of gear mesh stiffness change calmness and reduce the amplitudes of gear mesh stiffness by this method in paper. At last, the conclusion can be obtained that the tooth profile modification can reduce the vibration and noise of the planetary transmission system.
Advanced Methods of Gas Turbine Reducer Design and its Analyses
Authors: Xiao Liang , Li Rong Man
Published: August 2011

Advanced methods of gas turbine reducer design and analyses with CATIA and MASTA are introduced. After gear parameter matching, a three-dimensional CATIA model has been established and imported into MASTA. After careful analyses, a high-performance gas turbine reducer has been designed to meet the clients’ demand.
Modification Analysis of the New Axis-Fixed Cycloid Drive
Authors: Liu Ming Yong , Zhu Cai Chao , Yan Chu Nai , Xu Xiang Yang , Zhang Xiao Rong
Published: August 2011

Due to those disadvantages of the cycloidal-pin wheel transmission, such as complex structure, low efficiency and low bearing capacity, a new kind of axis-fixed cycloid transmission is proposed. A new method for optimum modification quantity of cycloid gear is put forward on the ground of its drive principle. Considering the influence of modification to tooth contact stress, finite element model of tooth contact for the drive is built.The analysis result indicates that there is no obvious edge contact of tooth profile and it is more reasonable for the contact stress to distribute along tooth width. Load test on gear drive bench verifies the correctness of theoretical analysis.
Modal Analysis and Parameters Research of Internal Helical Gears Based on AWE
Authors: Gong Yan Jun , Wang Xue Yao , Zhao Han , Huang Kang
Published: August 2011

The paper conducted a modal analysis of an internal helical gear based on AWE, and obtained its first 6 order natural frequency. Then the paper analyzed the influence of its parameters on the vibration characteristics of the internal helical gear, found that if the helix angle, the normal module, the number of teeth of the internal helical gear change, its vibration characteristics will change, but the change of the pressure angle doesn’t influence its vibration characteristics.
Active Vibration Suppression Based on Intelligent Control for a Long-Range Ultra-Precise Positioning System
Authors: Sun Li Ting , Wang Jing Shu , Han Zhong Qing , Zhu Chang An
Published: August 2011

Vibration is a significant factor that influences the performance of the long-range ultra-precise positioning system. Due to the intense nonlinearity and parameter uncertainties, it is difficult to eliminate the vibration by using a conventional PID controller. In this paper, the intelligent PID controller based on BP neural network with the ability of self-learning and strong robustness is introduced into the positioning system. Simulation and experiment are conducted and the results show that the vibration is effectively suppressed and the positioning accuracy has reached within 5.8nm.
Structure Parameter Analysis of Loop Outlet Based on the Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Liang Chuan Zhi , Lu Meng Meng , Tian Zhe , Zhu Neng
Published: August 2011

The paper analyzes the airflow characteristic in different structure parameters of loop outlet based on orthogonal experiment, and concludes the effect weight of different structure parameters. The results show that the turbulence coefficient of loop outlet is larger than the single cylinder outlet. With the variable structure parameters, the jet flow is changed accordingly. According to the orthogonal experiment, the structural parameters of loop outlet have been optimized.
Bi-Layered Model of Interfacial Thermal Stresses with the Effect of Different Temperatures in the Layers
Authors: Debnath Sujan , Rahman Muhammad Ekhlasur , Engida Woldemichael Dereje , Murthy M. V. V. , Seetharamu K.N.
Published: August 2011

An interfacial shearing and peeling stress model is proposed to account for different uniform temperatures and thickness wise linear temperature gradients in the layers. This upgraded model can be viewed as a more generic form to determine interfacial stresses under different temperature conditions in a bi-layered assembly. The selected shearing and peeling stress results are presented for the case of die and die attach as commonly seen in electronic packaging. The obtained results can be useful in interfacial stress evaluations and physical design of bi-material assemblies, which are used in microelectronics and photonic applications.
Mesoscale Simulation of Uniaxial Tension of FCC Polycrystal Using Viscoplastic Self Consistent Method
Authors: Hua Fu An , Li Jian Ping , Di Wu , Wang Guo Dong
Published: August 2011

A viscoplastic self consistent model was developed using a rate sensitive constitutive relation, isotropic hardening law, and considering the interaction between the grains and their surroundings. The model was applied to simulate the mesoscopic responses of fcc polycrystalline aggregate during tensile deformation. The macro textures, the grain rotation behaviors, plastic strain and stress heterogeneities, and slip system activities were investigated. The model successfully predicts the typical tensile textures, the grain rotations toward (111) and (100) directions and the orientation dependent slip activities, etc. The simulation results are qualitatively in agreement with experimental measurements and theoretical predictions.
Effect of Slag on Expansion of Alite-Calcium Barium Sulphoaluminate Cement
Authors: Wang Shou De , Lu Ling Chao , Cheng Xin
Published: August 2011

The influences of slag on the expansion of alite-calcium barium sulphoaluminate cement were studied. The experimental results indicated that the formation of ettringite and Ba-bearing ettringite are the main expansion sources of alite-calcium barium sulphoaluminate cement clinker with only gypsum. In addition to the ettringite and Ba-bearing ettringite, the Mg(OH)2 crystal formation was another probably the expansion source. The expansion rate of alite-calcium barium sulphoaluminate cement increased with slag content rising. Even if the content of slag in cement arrived at 20%, the soundness of alite-calcium sulphoaluminate cement its expansion was still in the safety range.
Experimental Research on Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Li Jing , Qu Xian Feng , Wang Lin Fu , Zhu Chong Qing , Li Juan
Published: August 2011

In order to study cubic compressive strength of recycled coarse aggregates-filled concrete systematically, recycled coarse aggregates with the particle size from 50 to150mm are made from waste solid contents, which are artificially broken from abandoned rubble and concrete blocks. Based on the mix proportion design method of ordinary concrete and test code for hydraulic concrete, 3 groups of recycled coarse aggregates-filled concrete cubic specimens were prepared and the compressive strength of the specimens were tested. The results showed that basic failure pattern of recycled coarse aggregates-filled concrete are longitudinal splitting failure, and that cubic compressive strength is higher than that of self-compacting concrete.
Synthesis of α-Ni(OH)2 Peonies Assembled from Nanosheet Building Blocks and Corresponding NiO Porous Peonies
Authors: Yan Yan , Kang Wen Jun , Li Jing Fa , Qian Yi Tai
Published: August 2011

α-Ni(OH)2peonylike structures assembled from nanosheets with thickness of 10nm were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The corresponding NiO peonylike structures with similar morphology to the α-Ni(OH)2precursor were also be fabricated by thermal decomposition of the as-synthesized α-Ni(OH)2at 350°C for 2 h in air. Samples are thoroughly characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, Brunauer-Emmett-Tellermethod (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The BET surface area for α-Ni(OH)2and NiO are 36.0m2/g and 120.2 m²/g, respectively.
Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of the Bi2Ti4O11 Nanorods
Authors: Zhao Wen Wen , Zhang Chang Yuan , Liu Ya Wei , Huang Xiang Ping , Mao Feng
Published: August 2011

The Bi2Ti4O11 nanorods were obtained by a one-step alcohol-thermal method. The sample was synthesized at 100°C and calcined at 600°C, using Bi(NO3)3•5H2O, TiCl4 and absolute ethanol as reactants. It then characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-vis DRS. The results showed that the sample was nanorod with diameter about 30nm and length about 200nm. The photocatalytic experiment represented that the photocatalyst could effectively degrade more than 99% Rhodamine B( RhB) within 85 min under irradiating of visible light.
Combustion Characteristics of Biomass and its Cellulose
Authors: Zhang Chuan Cheng , Lu Hai Jun , He Zhan Wen
Published: August 2011

The combustion characteristics of some biomass samples, such as rice straw and its cellulose, were investigated. Non-isothermal thermogravimetry, where the sample was heated in air and the temperature of which increased at a linear rate of 10°C/min, 20°C/min, 30°C/min, was used to investigate the combustion characteristics of the biomass samples. The differences in the TG-DTG-DSC curves of the samples were determined and discussed in detail. Conventional TG parameters, ignition index of samples were estimated which provided elaborate information on their basic combustion features. Results showed that cellulose with higher combustion characteristics.
Iron Doped Lanthanum Stannate Pyrochlores (La2Sn2-XFeXO7) for the Simultaneous Catalytic Removal NOx and Soot
Authors: Wang Zhong Peng , Wang Zi Zi , Wang Xiao , Li Qian , Mu Zong Gang , Zhang Zhao Liang
Published: August 2011

A series of La2Sn2-xFexO7 (x=0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.0) catalysts were prepared by a constant pH co-precipitation method, and their catalytic activity was investigated for simultaneous removal of NOx and soot. The incorporation of Fe strongly influences the crystal phase composition, surface area and redox properties of the catalysts. All the catalysts displayed soot oxidation activity with nearly 100% selectivity towards CO2. The doped solids exhibit higher activities than the undoped one, which may be related to the enhancement of reducibility derived from structure defects induced by doping. LSF0.6 may be a good catalyst with high soot oxidation activity (Ti = 334 °C) and a high maximum productivity of N2 (PN2= 12.4%).