bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early postoperative treatment of mastectomy scars using a fractional carbon dioxide laser: a randomized, controlled, split-scar, blinded study
Authors: Shin Hyun Woo , Suk Sangwoo , Chae Seoung Wan , Yoon Kun Chul , Kim Junekyu
Published: July 2021

Background Mastectomy leaves unsightly scarring, which can be distressing to patients. Laser therapy for scar prevention has been consistently emphasized in recent studies showing that several types of lasers, including fractional ablation lasers, are effective for reducing scar formation. Nonetheless, there are few studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of ablative CO2 fractional lasers (ACFLs).Methods This study had a randomized, comparative, prospective, split-scar design with blinded evaluation of mastectomy scars. Fifteen patients with mastectomy scars were treated using an ACFL. Half of each scar was randomized to “A,” while the other side was allocated to group “B.” Laser treatment was conducted randomly. Scars were assessed using digital photographs of the scar and Vancouver scar scale (VSS) scores. Histological assessments were also done.Results The mean VSS scores were 2.20±1.28 for the treatment side and 2.96±1.40 for the control side. There was a significant difference in the VSS score between the treatment side and the control side (P=0.002). The mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores were 4.13±1.36 for the treatment side and 4.67±1.53 for the control side. There was a significant difference in VAS score between the treatment side and the control side (P=0.02).Conclusions This study demonstrated that early scar treatment using an ACFL significantly improved the clinical results of the treatment compared to the untreated scar, and this difference was associated with patient satisfaction.
Open reduction and internal fixation of metacarpal fractures using a thermoplastic splint as a surgical instrument
Authors: Papavasiliou Theodora , Park Paul Dain , Tejero Ricardo , Allain Niklaas , Uppal Lauren
Published: July 2021

Adequate positioning of the hand is a critical step in hand fracture operative repair that can impact both the clinical outcome and the efficiency of the operation. In this paper, we introduce the use of a thermoplastic splint with an added thumb stabilizing component as a means to increase the surgeon’s autonomy and to streamline the patient care pathway. The thermoplastic splint is custom fabricated preoperatively by the specialist hand therapist. The splint is used prior, during, and post operation with minimal modification. The thumb component assists maintaining the forearm in a stable pronated position whilst drilling and affixing metal work. This is demonstrated in the video of removal of metal work and open reduction and internal fixation of a metacarpal fracture.
Dennis Schulting: Apperception and Self-consciousness in Kant and German Idealism. Londres, Bloomsbury, 2020
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Montserrat
Published: July 2021

Reseña: Dennis Schulting: Apperception and Self-consciousness in Kant and German Idealism.Londres, Bloomsbury, 2020, 256 pp. ISBN: 978-135-01514-0-6
Ina Goy: Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar. Eine Leseart. Eine historische Einordnung. Berlín, Walter de Gruyter, 2017
Authors: Órdenes Azúa Paula
Published: July 2021

Ina Goy: Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar. Eine Leseart. Eine historischeEinordnung. Berlín, Walter de Gruyter, 2017, 420 pp. ISBN: 978-3-11-047110-6.
Revista de Estudios Kantianos 6.1
Authors: . Revista de Estudios Kantianos
Published: July 2021

.
KSHV-encoded vCyclin can modulate HIF1α levels to promote DNA replication in hypoxia
Authors: Kumar Singh Rajnish , Pei Yonggang , Bose Dipayan , Lamplugh Zachary L , Sun Kunfeng , Yuan Yan , Lieberman Paul , You Jianxin , Robertson Erle S
Published: July 2021

The cellular adaptive response to hypoxia, mediated by high HIF1α levels includes metabolic reprogramming, restricted DNA replication and cell division. In contrast to healthy cells, the genome of cancer cells, and Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infected cells maintains replication in hypoxia. We show that KSHV infection, despite promoting expression of HIF1α in normoxia, can also restrict transcriptional activity, and promoted its degradation in hypoxia. KSHV-encoded vCyclin, expressed in hypoxia, mediated HIF1α cytosolic translocation, and its degradation through a non-canonical lysosomal pathway. Attenuation of HIF1α levels by vCyclin allowed cells to bypass the block to DNA replication and cell proliferation in hypoxia. These results demonstrated that KSHV utilizes a unique strategy to balance HIF1α levels to overcome replication arrest and induction of the oncogenic phenotype, which are dependent on the levels of oxygen in the microenvironment.
Development of antibacterial compounds that constrain evolutionary pathways to resistance
Authors: Zhang Yanmin , Chowdhury Sourav , Rodrigues João V , Shakhnovich Eugene
Published: July 2021

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide challenge. A potential approach to block resistance is to simultaneously inhibit WT and known escape variants of the target bacterial protein. Here, we applied an integrated computational and experimental approach to discover compounds that inhibit both WT and trimethoprim (TMP) resistant mutants of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). We identified a novel compound (CD15-3) that inhibits WT DHFR and its TMP resistant variants L28R, P21L and A26T with IC50 50–75 µM against WT and TMP-resistant strains. Resistance to CD15-3 was dramatically delayed compared to TMP in in vitro evolution. Whole genome sequencing of CD15-3-resistant strains showed no mutations in the target folA locus. Rather, gene duplication of several efflux pumps gave rise to weak (about twofold increase in IC50) resistance against CD15-3. Altogether, our results demonstrate the promise of strategy to develop evolution drugs - compounds which constrain evolutionary escape routes in pathogens.
Plasmodium falciparum K13 mutations in Africa and Asia impact artemisinin resistance and parasite fitness
Authors: Stokes Barbara H , Dhingra Satish K , Rubiano Kelly , Mok Sachel , Straimer Judith , Gnädig Nina F , Deni Ioanna , Schindler Kyra A , Bath Jade R , Ward Kurt E , Striepen Josefine , Yeo Tomas , Ross Leila S , Legrand Eric , Ariey Frédéric , Cunningham Clark H , Souleymane Issa M , Gansané Adama , Nzoumbou-Boko Romaric , Ndayikunda Claudette , Kabanywanyi Abdunoor M , Uwimana Aline , Smith Samuel J , Kolley Olimatou , Ndounga Mathieu , Warsame Marian , Leang Rithea , Nosten François , Anderson Timothy JC , Rosenthal Philip J , Ménard Didier , Fidock David A
Published: July 2021

The emergence of mutant K13-mediated artemisinin (ART) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites has led to widespread treatment failures across Southeast Asia. In Africa, K13-propeller genotyping confirms the emergence of the R561H mutation in Rwanda and highlights the continuing dominance of wild-type K13 elsewhere. Using gene editing, we show that R561H, along with C580Y and M579I, confer elevated in vitro ART resistance in some African strains, contrasting with minimal changes in ART susceptibility in others. C580Y and M579I cause substantial fitness costs, which may slow their dissemination in high-transmission settings, in contrast with R561H that in African 3D7 parasites is fitness neutral. In Cambodia, K13 genotyping highlights the increasing spatio-temporal dominance of C580Y. Editing multiple K13 mutations into a panel of Southeast Asian strains reveals that only the R561H variant yields ART resistance comparable to C580Y. In Asian Dd2 parasites C580Y shows no fitness cost, in contrast with most other K13 mutations tested, including R561H. Editing of point mutations in ferredoxin or mdr2, earlier associated with resistance, has no impact on ART susceptibility or parasite fitness. These data underline the complex interplay between K13 mutations, parasite survival, growth and genetic background in contributing to the spread of ART resistance.
Highly contiguous assemblies of 101 drosophilid genomes
Authors: Kim Bernard Y , Wang Jeremy R , Miller Danny E , Barmina Olga , Delaney Emily , Thompson Ammon , Comeault Aaron A , Peede David , D'Agostino Emmanuel RR , Pelaez Julianne , Aguilar Jessica M , Haji Diler , Matsunaga Teruyuki , Armstrong Ellie E , Zych Molly , Ogawa Yoshitaka , Stamenković-Radak Marina , Jelić Mihailo , Veselinović Marija Savić , Tanasković Marija , Erić Pavle , Gao Jian-Jun , Katoh Takehiro K , Toda Masanori J , Watabe Hideaki , Watada Masayoshi , Davis Jeremy S , Moyle Leonie C , Manoli Giulia , Bertolini Enrico , Košťál Vladimír , Hawley R Scott , Takahashi Aya , Jones Corbin D , Price Donald K , Whiteman Noah , Kopp Artyom , Matute Daniel R , Petrov Dmitri A
Published: July 2021

Over 100 years of studies in Drosophila melanogaster and related species in the genus Drosophila have facilitated key discoveries in genetics, genomics, and evolution. While high-quality genome assemblies exist for several species in this group, they only encompass a small fraction of the genus. Recent advances in long-read sequencing allow high-quality genome assemblies for tens or even hundreds of species to be efficiently generated. Here, we utilize Oxford Nanopore sequencing to build an open community resource of genome assemblies for 101 lines of 93 drosophilid species encompassing 14 species groups and 35 sub-groups. The genomes are highly contiguous and complete, with an average contig N50 of 10.5 Mb and greater than 97% BUSCO completeness in 97/101 assemblies. We show that Nanopore-based assemblies are highly accurate in coding regions, particularly with respect to coding insertions and deletions. These assemblies, along with a detailed laboratory protocol and assembly pipelines, are released as a public resource and will serve as a starting point for addressing broad questions of genetics, ecology, and evolution at the scale of hundreds of species.
High-resolution, genome-wide mapping of positive supercoiling in chromosomes
Authors: Guo Monica S , Kawamura Ryo , Littlehale Megan L , Marko John F , Laub Michael T
Published: July 2021

Supercoiling impacts DNA replication, transcription, protein binding to DNA, and the three-dimensional organization of chromosomes. However, there are currently no methods to directly interrogate or map positive supercoils, so their distribution in genomes remains unknown. Here, we describe a method, GapR-seq, based on the chromatin immunoprecipitation of GapR, a bacterial protein that preferentially recognizes overtwisted DNA, for generating high-resolution maps of positive supercoiling. Applying this method to Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we find that positive supercoiling is widespread, associated with transcription, and particularly enriched between convergently oriented genes, consistent with the ‘twin-domain’ model of supercoiling. In yeast, we also find positive supercoils associated with centromeres, cohesin-binding sites, autonomously replicating sites, and the borders of R-loops (DNA-RNA hybrids). Our results suggest that GapR-seq is a powerful approach, likely applicable in any organism, to investigate aspects of chromosome structure and organization not accessible by Hi-C or other existing methods.
Cortex cis-regulatory switches establish scale colour identity and pattern diversity in Heliconius
Authors: Livraghi Luca , Hanly Joseph J , Van Bellghem Steven M , Montejo-Kovacevich Gabriela , van der Heijden Eva SM , Loh Ling Sheng , Ren Anna , Warren Ian A , Lewis James J , Concha Carolina , Hebberecht Laura , Wright Charlotte J , Walker Jonah M , Foley Jessica , Goldberg Zachary H , Arenas-Castro Henry , Salazar Camilo , Perry Michael W , Papa Riccardo , Martin Arnaud , McMillan W Owen , Jiggins Chris D
Published: July 2021

In Heliconius butterflies, wing colour pattern diversity and scale types are controlled by a few genes of large effect that regulate colour pattern switches between morphs and species across a large mimetic radiation. One of these genes, cortex, has been repeatedly associated with colour pattern evolution in butterflies. Here we carried out CRISPR knockouts in multiple Heliconius species and show that cortex is a major determinant of scale cell identity. Chromatin accessibility profiling and introgression scans identified cis-regulatory regions associated with discrete phenotypic switches. CRISPR perturbation of these regions in black hindwing genotypes recreated a yellow bar, revealing their spatially limited activity. In the H. melpomene/timareta lineage, the candidate CRE from yellow-barred phenotype morphs is interrupted by a transposable element, suggesting that cis-regulatory structural variation underlies these mimetic adaptations. Our work shows that cortex functionally controls scale colour fate and that its cis-regulatory regions control a phenotypic switch in a modular and pattern-specific fashion.
Niche partitioning facilitates coexistence of closely related honey bee gut bacteria
Authors: Brochet Silvia , Quinn Andrew , Mars Ruben AT , Neuschwander Nicolas , Sauer Uwe , Engel Philipp
Published: July 2021

Ecological processes underlying bacterial coexistence in the gut are not well understood. Here, we disentangled the effect of the host and the diet on the coexistence of four closely related Lactobacillus species colonizing the honey bee gut. We serially passaged the four species through gnotobiotic bees and in liquid cultures in the presence of either pollen (bee diet) or simple sugars. Although the four species engaged in negative interactions, they were able to stably coexist, both in vivo and in vitro. However, coexistence was only possible in the presence of pollen, and not in simple sugars, independent of the environment. Using metatranscriptomics and metabolomics, we found that the four species utilize different pollen-derived carbohydrate substrates indicating resource partitioning as the basis of coexistence. Our results show that despite longstanding host association, gut bacterial interactions can be recapitulated in vitro providing insights about bacterial coexistence when combined with in vivo experiments.
Ferroptotic stress promotes the accumulation of pro-inflammatory proximal tubular cells in maladaptive renal repair
Authors: Ide Shintaro , Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Ide Kana , Strausser Sarah A , Abe Koki , Herbek Savannah , O'Brien Lori L , Crowley Steven D , Barisoni Laura , Tata Aleksandra , Tata Purushothama Rao , Souma Tomokazu
Published: July 2021

Overwhelming lipid peroxidation induces ferroptotic stress and ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death that has been implicated in maladaptive renal repair in mice and humans. Using single-cell transcriptomic and mouse genetic approaches, we show that proximal tubular (PT) cells develop a molecularly distinct, pro-inflammatory state following injury. While these inflammatory PT cells transiently appear after mild injury and return to their original state without inducing fibrosis, after severe injury they accumulate and contribute to persistent inflammation. This transient inflammatory PT state significantly downregulates glutathione metabolism genes, making the cells vulnerable to ferroptotic stress. Genetic induction of high ferroptotic stress in these cells after mild injury leads to the accumulation of the inflammatory PT cells, enhancing inflammation and fibrosis. Our study broadens the roles of ferroptotic stress from being a trigger of regulated cell death to include the promotion and accumulation of proinflammatory cells that underlie maladaptive repair.
The need for high-quality oocyte mitochondria at extreme ploidy dictates mammalian germline development
Authors: Colnaghi Marco , Pomiankowski Andrew , Lane Nick
Published: July 2021

Selection against deleterious mitochondrial mutations is facilitated by germline processes, lowering the risk of genetic diseases. How selection works is disputed: experimental data are conflicting and previous modeling work has not clarified the issues; here, we develop computational and evolutionary models that compare the outcome of selection at the level of individuals, cells and mitochondria. Using realistic de novo mutation rates and germline development parameters from mouse and humans, the evolutionary model predicts the observed prevalence of mitochondrial mutations and diseases in human populations. We show the importance of organelle-level selection, seen in the selective pooling of mitochondria into the Balbiani body, in achieving high-quality mitochondria at extreme ploidy in mature oocytes. Alternative mechanisms debated in the literature, bottlenecks and follicular atresia, are unlikely to account for the clinical data, because neither process effectively eliminates mitochondrial mutations under realistic conditions. Our findings explain the major features of female germline architecture, notably the longstanding paradox of over-proliferation of primordial germ cells followed by massive loss. The near-universality of these processes across animal taxa makes sense in light of the need to maintain mitochondrial quality at extreme ploidy in mature oocytes, in the absence of sex and recombination.
A secure key dependent dynamic substitution method for symmetric cryptosystems
Authors: Ejaz Aisha , Shoukat Ijaz Ali , Iqbal Umer , Rauf Abdul , Kanwal Afshan
Published: July 2021

The biggest challenge for symmetric cryptosystems is to replace their static substitution with dynamic substitution, because static substitution S-boxes make the symmetric block ciphers more vulnerable to attacks. Previous well-known dynamic key-dependent S-boxes are lacking in dynamicity and do not provide optimal security for symmetric block ciphers. Therefore, this research aims to contribute an effective and secure method for designing key-dependent dynamic S-box with dynamic permutations to make the symmetric block ciphers optimally secure. The proposed S-box method has been experimentally evaluated through several measures such as bit independence criteria, non-linearity, hamming distance, balanced output, strict avalanche criteria including differential and linear approximation probabilities. Moreover, the randomness properties of proposed method have also been evaluated through several standard statistical tests as recommended by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Thus, the results show that the proposed method, not only retains effective randomness properties but it also contains, good avalanche effect (up to 62.32%) which is significantly improved than others. Therefore, the proposed substitution method is highly sensitive to the secret key because, only a single bit change in key generates an entirely new S-box with all 256 values at different positions. Thus, the overall evaluation shows that the proposed substitution method is optimally secure and outperforming as compared to the existing S-box techniques. In future, the proposed method can be extended for different key sizes (192–256 bits) or even more.
Novel sampling methods for monitoring Anopheles arabiensis from Eritrea
Authors: Charlwood Jacques D. , Andegiorgish Amanuel Kidane , Asfaha Yonatan Estifanos , Tekle Weldu Liya , Petros Feven , Legese Lidia , Afewerki Robel , Mihreteab Selam , LeClair Corey , Kampango Ayubo
Published: July 2021

Background

Studies comparing novel collection methods for host seeking and resting mosquitoes A. arabiensis were undertaken in a village in Eritrea. Techniques included an odor baited trap, a novel tent-trap, human landing collection and three methods of resting collection. A technique for the collection of mosquitoes exiting vegetation is also described. Pre-gravid rates were determined by dissection of host seeking insects and post-prandial egg development among insects collected resting.

Results

Overall 5,382 host-seeking, 2,296 resting and 357 A. arabiensis exiting vegetation were collected. The Furvela tent-trap was the most efficient, risk-free method for the collection of outdoor host-seeking insects, whilst the Suna trap was the least effective method. Mechanical aspirators (the CDC backpack or the Prokopack aspirator) were superior to manual aspiration in a dark shelter but there was no advantage over manual aspiration in a well-lit one. An estimated two-thirds of newly-emerged mosquitoes went through a pre-gravid phase, feeding twice before producing eggs. Mosquitoes completed gonotrophic development in a dark shelter but left a well-lit shelter soon after feeding. One blood-fed female marked in the village was recaptured 2 days after release exiting vegetation close to the oviposition site and another, shortly after oviposition, attempting to feed on a human host 3 days after release. Exit rates of males from vegetation peaked 3 min after the initial male had left. Unfed and gravid females exited approximately 6 min after the first males.

Conclusions

Furvela tent-traps are suitable for the collection of outdoor biting A. arabiensis in Eritrea whilst the Prokopack sampler is the method of choice for the collection of resting insects. Constructing well-lit, rather than dark, animal shelters, may encourage otherwise endophilic mosquitoes to leave and so reduce their survival and hence their vectorial capacity.
The impact of curcumin derived polyphenols on the structure and flexibility COVID-19 main protease binding pocket: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Mulu Aweke , Gajaa Mulugeta , Woldekidan Haregewoin Bezu , W/mariam Jerusalem Fekadu
Published: July 2021

The newly occurred SARS-CoV-2 caused a leading pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Up to now it has infected more than one hundred sixty million and killed more than three million people according to 14 May 2021 World Health Organization report. So far, different types of studies have been conducted to develop an anti-viral drug for COVID-19 with no success yet. As part of this, silico were studied to discover and introduce COVID-19 antiviral drugs and results showed that protease inhibitors could be very effective in controlling. This study aims to investigate the binding affinity of three curcumin derived polyphenols against COVID-19 the main protease (Mpro), binding pocket, and identification of important residues for interaction. In this study, molecular modeling, auto-dock coupled with molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the conformational, and stability of COVID-19 binding pocket with diferuloylmethane, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. All three compounds have shown binding affinity −39, −89 and −169.7, respectively. Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin showed an optimum binding affinity with target molecule and these could be one of potential ligands for COVID-19 therapy. And also, COVID-19 main protease binding pocket binds with the interface region by one hydrogen bond. Moreover, the MD simulation parameters indicated that demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were stable during the simulation run. These findings can be used as a baseline to develop therapeutics with curcumin derived polyphenols against COVID-19.
Analysis of Biomarkers in Response to High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Santiago Douglas Daniel Costa , Lopes Jaqueline Santos Silva , Neto Aníbal Monteiro de Magalhães , Andrade Claudia Marlise Balbinotti
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Aerobic training with an acyclic and intermittent character triggers high metabolic stress, responsible for generating alterations in several blood biomarkers. Thus, investigations that clarify understanding of metabolic behavior in response to exercise seem pertinent, when considering the dynamics of prescription of physical training and recovery.

Objective: Demonstrate and discuss the behavior of blood biomarkers in response to High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT).

Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo, Lilacs, Bireme, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched from the oldest records available until January 16, 2020. The search was carried out by combining descriptors related to the terms: “HIIT”, “HIFT”, and “blood biomarkers”. To be included, studies were required to: 1) have a clinical trial design; 2) evaluate the effects of an HIIT and/or HIFT protocol; and 3) measure blood biomarkers before and after the training protocol. No restrictions were applied to the characteristics of the participants regarding health condition, age, sex, and level of training.

Results: In total, seven studies were included (n=221 participants, aged between 18 and 63 years) that analyzed different population profiles such as athletes, sedentary young people, patients with breast cancer, and diabetics. The biomarkers evaluated included analysis of muscle damage (C Reactive protein and CK); oxidative stress (antioxidant capacity); kidney injury (creatinine and urea); hormones (testosterone and cortisol); cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, and IF-γ); and hemogram. In general, the results demonstrated specific patterns for the investigated markers. Thus, there were increases in muscle damage markers, while in the inflammatory markers, there was a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the reduced values of the general blood count, markers such as neutrophils and basophils did not demonstrate statistically significant alterations. Serum testosterone levels were higher and cortisol was lower in the post-exercise period when compared to pre-exercise.

Conclusion: These data are of practical relevance when demonstrating patterns of physiological responses, which also characterize knowledge and understanding essential to determine adequate periodization.
Growth Performance of Groundnut in Ananthapuramu District of Andhra Pradesh – A Temporal Analysis
Authors: Teja I. Krishna , Rao S. V. Ramana , Devi I. Bhavani , Prasad S. V. , Reddy B. Ravindra , Kumar Paladugu Praveen
Published: July 2021

Ananthapuramu district is considered as one of the major groundnut growing districts in the Andhra Pradesh state, with an average area, production and yield of 7.04 lakh hectares, 3.65 lakh tonnes and 512 kg ha-1 respectively, during the present millennium (from 2000-01 to 2018-19). Though the district is drought prone and majority of the cultivated area is under rainfed ecosystem, groundnut still continues to be one of the largest cropped area in the district. This interesting feature of the district has driven to take up the study on the performance of groundnut in the district through Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR) and decomposition analysis. CAGR of area, production and yield of the groundnut and decomposition analysis of groundnut production in the district were analyzed from 1970-71 to 2018-19. For lucidity, the study period was divided in three sub-periods viz., Period I (1970-71 to 1985-86), Period II (1986-87 to 1999-2000) and Period III (1999-2000 to 2018-19). It was evident from the results that, the growth performance of groundnut in Ananthapuramu district declined over the years, particularly in Period III, which implies that, despite lot of efforts from researchers and government to encourage groundnut production at macro level, the contribution of groundnut at district level showed a declining trend. This scenario could be attributed to low farm level yields with higher farm level inefficiencies, gaps in production technology, geographical location of the district under rain shadow region, declining scenario in the length of growing period, shift towards competing crops, poor post-harvest support, changing climate, lower yields, low extension contact at field level, low market prices and high abiotic and abiotic stresses. It was opined that, groundnut cultivation in the district should be encouraged with the partnership of private institutional players, where the farmers would get high quality seed, agro-advisory, post-harvest support, value addition support, remunerative and assured price support etc., encouragement of value addition, reduction of the length of market channels to reduce the supply gap between farmer and consumer would help in realignment of the growth performance of groundnut in the district.
The Impact of ICT on Terrorism in African Countries
Authors: Moumié Eric Mouchili
Published: July 2021

Although the macroeconomic effects of information and communication technology (ICT) has been a topic of many debates in the literature over the past 20 years, the effect of ICT on terrorism is still largely unexplored. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique, this paper investigates the impact of ICT on terrorism on a panel of 49 African countries over the period 1998-2012. Two ICT indicators (Internet and Mobile) and four different but linked terrorism indicators (Domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorisms) are used. The paper finds a significant positive effect of ICT on terrorism.
A Case Report of Allergy to Peach’s Lipid Transfer Protein
Authors: Yatribi F. , Benbrahim F. , Elhafidi N. , Benchekroun S. , Mahraoui C.
Published: July 2021

Peach belongs to the Rosaceae family. One of the particularities of this allergy is the difference in clinical reactivity according to geography. We report a 4-year 8-month-old boy with well-controlled asthma and no symptoms of allergic rhinitis, that at the age of 1 year, 15 minutes after the ingestion of a fruit compote, presented urticaria with respiratory discomfort. At the age of 3 years, following ingestion of fruit salad, the child presented a few minutes later, a similar episode but of greater intensity. At the age of 4, following contact with a fruit basket, the child immediately presented a generalized reaction more severe and intense than the previous ones. Investigation of allergies to aerial allergens was negative. Skin tests for cooked and raw peach were positive for the peel and pulp. Specific-IgE was positive for Pru p 3 (5.7 KIU/l) and negative for Pru p 1. LTPs are particularly stable and resistant to proteolysis and heat. Management consisted of avoidance of peach, education of the child and family, and prescription of an emergency kit including self-injectable adrenaline. Our observation highlights the strong association between Pru p 3: peach’s Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP) positivity and the severity of allergy symptoms. We consider this case as a primary sensitization to peach’s LTP.
Geospatial Application in Forest Reserves Distribution and Sawmills Proximity as a Major Sources of Timber Product in Ibadan and Ibarapa Divisions, Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olugbemiga Fatunmibi , Kehinde Adewuyi, Gbola
Published: July 2021

The proximity to forest reserves has been considered one of the major factors affecting the spatial distribution of timber based industries. This study assesses the spatial distribution of forest reserves and sawmills in Ibadan and Ibarapa divisions, Oyo State, Nigeria. Existing map of forest reserves of Oyo State and Oyo State shape file was used. The primary data included the geographical coordinates of locations of all existing and functioning sawmills in Ibadan and Ibarapa divisions and this was acquired with Handheld Global Positioning System (eTrex Garmin 30x). The base maps were georeferenced in ArcGIS 10.2 using the coordinates of the base map and the area covered by each forest reserve was digitized. The distance from each sawmill to the nearest forest was determined to ascertain their proximity. The results shows that the forest reserves in Ibadan division covered a total of 47,874.691 hectares of land while a total of 59,011.146 hectares were accounted for the Ibarapa division. From Ibadan division, Ijaiye forest reserve has the highest area of land of 25,544.856 ha (53.36%) and Eleyele forest reserve has the least 526.092 ha (1.10%). Igangan with highest forest reserve of 40,643.885 ha (68.87%) from Ibarapa division, and Eruwa forest reserve has the least 7,488.207 ha (12.69%). Generally from the study area, twenty-one (21) sawmills were visited and recorded in all the forestry zones. Four (4) forest reserves are in Ibadan and three (3) in Ibarapa divisions. The travel distance from sawmills to the nearest forest reserve in Ibadan; Gambari, Osho and Eleyele forest reserves was within 5-15km while other are far. It can be concluded that, more sawmills is needed in the study area like Ijaiye, Lanlate as the travel distance of sawmills to the forest reserves is far and this may cause high price in the price of timbers and other forest products.
Production and Adoption of Transgenic Crops in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tembo Langa
Published: July 2021

Food insecurity is high in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been estimated that 29 out of the 40 low income countries and countries with the highest rates of malnutrition are found in this region. Therefore, increasing agriculture productivity in sub-Saharan Africa is a priority and utilization of scientific and technological advances could enhance agricultural productivity. While the use of transgenic crops has been floated as one of the key solutions, to this effect, the region has continuously experience low levels of adoption compared to other regions. This paper reviews the state of production and adoption in sub-Saharan Africa, with an in-depth explanation of factors that may have led to low adoption levels. Furthermore, biosafety measures meant to regulate production and utilization of transgenic crops have also be discussed.
Cardiovascular manifestations of People Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS and their Correlation with CD4 Count: Report from Northern India
Authors: Attri Ritu , Kaur Arashbir , Sachdeva Satish , Bhatia Mandip Singh
Published: July 2021

Introduction: About 21.17 lakhs people in India and about 0.49 lakh people in Punjab are living with HIV according to National AIDS Control Organization Annual Report (2015-16). Cardiovascular complications of HIV infection tend to occur late in the disease and are therefore becoming more prevalent in our society as therapy and longevity improve.

Aims of this Study:

To study incidence of cardiovascular morbidity in newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients and their correlation with CD4 count.

To study the types of cardiovascular morbidities in newly diagnosed HIV /AIDS patients and their correlation with CD4 count.

Methods: 100 HIV patients newly diagnosed by ELISA technique were selected for the study. All patients were subjected to cardiovascular investigations like ECG, ECHO using Philips iE33 Ultrasound Machine with X-MATRIX Technology with X5-1, supports 3D,2D colour flow, M-mode, Pulsed Wave/Continuous Wave (PW/CW) Doppler, Tissue Doppler imaging and chest x-ray.

Results: Majority of the patients were asymptomatic (84%). Commonest being Chest pain(1%). 7% patients had ECG abnormalities. Commonest being sinus tachycardia (4), one patient had atrial fibrillation and 2 had LVH.Two patients had Cardiomegaly on X ray examination while remaining 98 patients had normal cardiac size. Out of the 100 patients studied, 27% patients had cardiac involvement on Echocardiography / Colour Doppler study. Out of these 27 patients, 22(80.65%) had CD4 count less than 200, 4(12.90%) had CD4 count between 201-350 and 1(6.45%) had CD4 count>350.Diastolic Dysfunction was most common abnormality followed by tricuspid regurgitation and systolic dysfunction and pericardial effusion on echocardiography / colour Doppler study. 20 patients had Diastolic Dysfunction, out of which 19 had Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction and 1 had Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction. Grade 3 and Grade 4 diastolic dysfunction was not seen in any patient. All patients with Diastolic Dysfunction had CD4 counts less than 200.Six patients had Mild Systolic Dysfunction, out of them 4 were males and 2 were females, all the males had an EF=50%, while females had EF of 50% and 52% respectively. 4 patients had CD4 count less than 200, 1 had CD4 count between 201-350 and remaining 1 CD4 count more than 350.Two patients had Pericardial Effusion and their CD4 count was less than 200.

Conclusion: The commonest cardiac abnormality being detected diastolic dysfunction and least common being pericardial effusion. Diastolic dysfunction is directly related to CD4 count.
Approach of Physiotherapist towards Patient during COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Area
Authors: Fating Tejaswini B. , Bele Ashish W. , Phansopkar Pratik , Naqvi Waqar
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease associated with coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 named coronavirus disease  (COVID-19), coronavirus is interspecies, and can also be transmitted from human to human that has triggered a global pandemic over the past one year. As no particular medication is available at present as said preventive is better than cure must pursued. Many health professional like physiotherapist play a big role in understanding of COVID-19 and its precautionary steps to stop the spread of corona virus. Because a strong immunity will protect us, but prevention and recovery is an important way to cope up with the dangerous situation of COVID -19 diseases. And in rural area there is lack of hospital facilities so the need for the awareness, precautionary measures and rehabilitation is essential measures to spread of corona virus in community. Physiotherapist plays a primary rolls in awareness about precautionary and safety measures also physiotherapeutic care during acute and post Covid situation. Physiotherapist plays internal roll in community rehabilitation through home workouts, training for physical fitness by exercise, yoga and respiratory care exercises to increase strength and reduce disability. During this pandemic physiotherapist work on digital platform through telehealth, virtual group rehabilitation methods which work on health rehabilitation with also proper ergonomic training during work from home to reduce work hazards and improve productivity.
Pharmaceutical, Therapeutically and Nutraceutical Potential of Aloe Vera: A Mini-review
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Amin Ruhul , Afroz Tahmina , Das Jayita
Published: July 2021

Aloe vera belongs to the family of Asphodelaceae, the oldest medicinal herb ever found and the world's most common medicinal plant. It is known as Ghritkumari, is used in medicine sources of homeopathy, ayurvedic, and allopathy. The species is a good source of repository of chemical ingredients that shows a precise range of biological activities such as wound healing, burn treatment, mitigating frost bite damage, defense against, lung cancer, intestinal problems, x-ray damage to the body, raising and decreasing high density and low lipoprotein content, reduction of diabetic blood sugar, battle against acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and strengthening of the immune system. Aloe vera leaves are used to create drinks, perfume, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments. The plant's key ingredients are different kinds of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, saponins, amino acids, and salicylic acids. The plant is a good source of antioxidants. It also contains folic acid and vitamin A, C, E and B12. Aloe vera gel includes important ingredients, including the essential amino acids required by the human body. The plant can be used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. This research article is an effort towards Aloe Vera's industrial and ethnobotanical characteristics.
Assessment of Services at Tertiary Care Hospital Located in Central India, using ‘Kayakalp Initiative Tool’
Authors: Motwani Neelam Vinod , Joshi Abhishek , Choudhari Sonali G. , Gaidhane Abhay M.
Published: July 2021

Background: Kayakalp is an innovative initiatory started by the Health and Family Welfare Ministry through Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign on 15th May 2015. These instructions concentrate on advancement of desirable schemes for housekeeping facilities, pest control procedure, water sanitation, appointment & tutoring of manpower, advancement and accomplishment of appropriate cleansing procedure in terms of protocols / Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), powerful management and inspection by the employees and inherent Machinery in the treaties linked with an organizational framework which places a bonus on excellent cleaning services and sanitary facilities. This study aims to describe the experiences and knowledge based on assessment of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha District using this tool.

Objectives: To assess and document hospital upkeep, Sanitation, Hygiene Practices, Hygiene Promotion and to study Handling of Biomedical Waste, Infection Control and Hospital Support Services.

Methodology: This cross sectional hospital based study that will be conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha District.

Apart from observation of various practices and Processes, the participants to be interviewed will be Nursing staff in-charge in different wards along with Biomedical engineers, Administrative officers and beneficiary patients. For Quantitative data collection, a kayakalp checklist will be used. Data will be collected through observation, staff interview, record keeping, and patient interview forms as per Kayakalp Initiative Tool.

Results: This study would help to understand current hospital sanitation procedures, hospital hygiene, infection prevention, general maintenance, waste management, and support services, etc. and will help to improve services based on findings of the study so as to improve satisfaction of population catered by hospital and provide an ideal working environment for all stakeholders.

Conclusion: This work will assist in improving hospital/facility management and will aid in improvement of sanitation and hygiene practices, it will also improve overall satisfaction of all stakeholders after due implementation of changes suggested at the end of study.
A Comparative Study of Functional Outcome of Olecranon Fractures Managed with Tension band Wiring Using K Wires with Tension Band Wiring Using Cancellous Screws Fixation
Authors: Parate Ashutosh , Gawande Vasant , Gupta Suvarn , Jaiwal Ankit , Chavan Ashwin , Saoji Kunal
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Olecranon fracture are some of the common injuries seen in emergency with commonest mode of trauma being fall on outstretched hand and road traffic accident.

Methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out from May 2020 to May 2021 within a study period of 1 year in Datta Meghe Medical College. 20 patients of olecranon fractures were enrolled randomly.

Results: According to the Mayo classification, the majority of the cases in our study were type II A fractures. The Mayo elbow performance score. In the K wire category, 5 patients (50%) had excellent results, 3 patients (30%) had decent results, and 2 patients (20%) had fair results. In both categories, there were no negative repercussions. In the cancellous screw category, excellent results were found in 8 patients (80%), nice in 1 patient (10%), and fair in 1 patient (10%).

Conclusions: From this study, we came to the conclusion that for displaced olecranon fractures as per Mayo’s II A classification fixed by using cancellous screw with tension band wiring gives better clinical outcome When compared to tension band wiring, K-wire fixation keeps costs down, time, and the chance of implant removal complications.
Exploring the Perceived Causes and Management of Challenging Behavior in Namibian and Ghanaian Schools
Authors: Chitiyo Morgan , Kumedzro Felix K. , Taukeni Simon G. , Chitiyo Argnue , Ahmed Siddiq , Alzayyat Lubna , Green Bridget
Published: July 2021

Since challenging behaviors are present in classrooms, it is imperative to understand how teachers acknowledge and respond to these unwanted actions within their schools. The overarching purpose of this study is to understand schoolteachers' perspectives on the causes of students' unwanted behaviors and their responses in the classroom. The study was also designed to explore schoolteachers' perspectives on the relationship between the students' challenging behavior and disability. A total of 1,056 Ghanaian (n = 502) and Namibian (n = 554) schoolteachers were surveyed to identify their understanding of causes of their students' challenging behavior and how they addressed the behaviors. Results of the study indicated that the teachers perceived challenging behavior as related to discipline and not disability. Most teachers also believed that both home and school environmental factors influenced challenging behavior. Furthermore, most schoolteachers from both countries did not believe that physical punishment was an effective way to address challenging behavior and did not support its use in schools. Teacher training programs in both countries need to emphasize the use of evidence-based proactive strategies to address students' challenging behavior in order to minimize the use of punitive strategies such as physical punishment.
Self‐Assembled Facilitated Transport Membranes with Tunable Carrier Distribution for Ethylene/Ethane Separation
Authors: Dou Haozhen , Xu Mi , Wang Baoyu , Zhang Zhen , Wen Guobin , Peng Feifei , Zarshenas Kiyoumars , Luo Dan , Yu Aiping , Bai Zhengyu , Jiang Zhongyi , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2021

Facilitated transport membranes (FTMs) are a forward‐looking technology and have triggered revolutions in many energy‐intensive gas separations. However, the precise manipulation of carrier distribution within FTMs, as well as the visualization of membrane structure at the nanoscale, has never been reported. Herein, FTMs are constructed with tunable carrier distribution by a facile ion/molecule self‐assembly of protic ionic liquid crystal salts (PILSs), polyol, and ethylene‐transport carrier for highly efficient sub‐angstrom scale ethylene/ethane (0.416nm/0.443nm) separation. The elaborate regulation of non‐covalent interactions by optimizing the ion/molecule compositions within membrane confers the bi‐continuous nanostructure of FTMs, resulting in the formation of successive carrier wires and enormous 3D interconnected ethylene transport pathways, which is verified and visualized by molecular dynamics simulations and synchronous small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SWAXS). The as‐designed FTMs manifest simultaneously super‐high selectivity, excellent ethylene permeance, and robust long‐term stability, which exceeds previously reported ethylene/ethane separation membranes. This study clearly draws the first picture of carrier distribution within FTMs, and deep insight into membrane structure will shed light on the design of high‐performance separation membranes for energy‐intensive gas separations.
Two‐Dimensional‐Germanium Phosphide‐Reinforced Conductive and Biodegradable Hydrogel Scaffolds Enhance Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Xu Chao , Chang Yukai , Wu Ping , Liu Kun , Dong Xianzhen , Nie Anmin , Mu Congpu , Liu Zhongyuan , Dai Honglian , Luo Zhiqiang
Published: July 2021

Developing biodegradable conductive hydrogels is of great importance for the repair of electroactive tissues, such as myocardium, skeletal muscle, and nerves. However, conventional conductive phase incorporation in composite hydrogels, such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and gold nanowires, which are non‐degradable materials, will exist in the body as foreign matter. Herein, an injectable hydrogel based on the integration of conductive and biodegradable germanium phosphide (GeP) nanosheets into an adhesive hyaluronic acid‐graft‐dopamine (HA‐DA) hydrogel matrix is explored, and the successful application of this biohybrid hydrogel in spinal cord injury (SCI) repair is demonstrated. The incorporation of polydopamine (PDA)‐modified GeP nanosheets (GeP@PDA) into HA‐DA hydrogel matrix significantly improves the conductivity of HA‐DA/GeP@PDA hydrogels. The conductive HA‐DA/GeP@PDA hydrogels can accelerate the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC) into neurons in vitro. In a rat SCI complete transection model, the in vivo implanted HA‐DA/GeP@PDA hydrogel is found to improve the recovery of locomotor function significantly. The immunohistofluorescence investigation suggests that the HA‐DA/GeP@PDA hydrogels promote immune regulation, endogenous angiogenesis, and endogenous NSC neurogenesis in the lesion area. The strategy of integrating conductive and biodegradable GeP nanomaterials into an injectable hydrogel provides new insight into designing advanced biomaterials for SCI repair.