bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harvesting: From Manual to Mechanical
Authors: Futch Stephen H. , Whitney J. D. , Burns Jacqueline K. , Roka Fritz M.
Published: July 2021

Mechanical harvesting and many other improvements in harvesting of Florida citrus have their origins in the mid-1950s. During the 1950s and 1960s, a consistent labor supply for hand harvesting was becoming increasingly difficult to obtain and acreage along with yields of Florida citrus was steadily increasing. These concerns led to the development of a citrus mechanical harvesting program spearheaded by the Florida Department of Citrus, United States Department of Agriculture and the University of Florida. The program sought to develop harvesting systems to remove or aid in the removal of fruit from the trees, thereby reducing the number of hand harvestors needed. Industry interest in mechanical harvesting decreased in the 1980s when the devastating freezes of 1983, 1985 and 1989 decreased acreage and volume of fruit to be harvested. This document is HS-1017, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 2005.
Maximizing Weed Control in Florida Citrus
Authors: Futch Stephen H.
Published: July 2021

The objective of today's weed management program is to suppress and control weeds so that they do not cause damage to the tree, impact yield, or impede grove and harvesting operations. Complete and total elimination of all weeds from the grove floor is not necessary nor warranted. When developing a weed management program, growers must consider: 1) weeds present, 2) stage of weed growth, 3) material selection, 4) amount of herbicide used, 5) application site, method and timing, and 6) herbicide band width. These items are discussed in detail in this document. This document is HS-1007, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 2005.
Citrus Herbicide Boom Sprayer Calibration
Authors: Futch Stephen H. , Salyani Masoud
Published: July 2021

Herbicide application equipment calibration is an essential component of any weed control or weed management program. Proper calibration will assure even distribution of material over the treated surface, thereby maximizing application efficiency. Improperly adjusted equipment will result in uneven distribution of spray material, delivering questionable application rates which may result in poor weed control and/or possible tree damage due to potentially high rates. Incorrect application rates may result in increased weed control costs as a result of over application of herbicide material or the need to repeat application due to poor weed control. This document is HS-1012, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 2005.
HS-1012/HS252: Citrus Herbicide Boom Sprayer Calibration (ufl.edu)
Experimental-use Permits
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: July 2021

Experimental use of pesticides refers to formal research efforts conducted to scientifically assess the pest control potential of a registered pesticide or an experimental pesticide. This document is PI-56, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date August 2005.

PI-56/PI093: Experimental-Use Permits (ufl.edu)
Root Necrosis of Strawberries Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: Mertely J. C. , Peres N. A.
Published: July 2021

Colletotrichum acutatum is widely known as a fruit rot pathogen, but also infects other strawberry tissues, including the roots. Root necrosis has been observed in Florida since 2000.  This document is PP-211, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date August 2005.

PP-211/PP128: Root Necrosis of Strawberry Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum (ufl.edu)
Napiergrass: Biology and Control in Sugarcane
Authors: Rainbolt Curtis
Published: July 2021

Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher) is an enormous, weedy, cane-like grass (Figure 1) commonly seen growing along canals and roadsides in the sugarcane production area of south Florida. Napiergrass, also known as elephantgrass, has been documented in almost 30 counties throughout Florida. It is of African origin, but has been introduced to all tropical areas of the world because of its ability to quickly produce large amounts of biomass. Currently, napiergrass is widely used in Central America, South America, and Africa as a forage crop. Napiergrass was introduced to South Florida and Texas for use as a forage crop, but it is no longer widely used for this purpose and has become a major weed problem. Napiergrass is now established throughout southern Florida, especially along canal and ditch banks and in disturbed or cultivated areas. Because of the weedy characteristics of napiergrass, it is considered to be one of the world's worst weeds and has been listed as an invasive species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Although it can be found in central and northern Florida, it is less common due to cooler temperatures. This document is SS-AGR-242, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date: July 2005. Reviewed October 2008. 

SS-AGR-242/SC071: Napiergrass: Biology and Control in Sugarcane (ufl.edu)
What is oyster shell recycling?
Authors: Zangroniz Ana , Azeem-Angel Marian , Heiden Katie , Donnelly Heather , Smyth Ashley
Published: July 2021

This new 7-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences is intended to serve Natural Resources or Florida Sea Grant Extension agents, as well as local partners considering establishing a local oyster shell recycling program or local restaurants interested in learning more about oyster shell recycling, and shares lessons learned from starting a program in Miami-Dade County. Written by Ana Zangroniz, Marian Azeem-Angel, Katie Heiden, Heather Donnelly, and Ashley R. Smyth.
Getting the Most out of Social Media: What Is Social Media?
Authors: Warwick Caroline R. , Baker Lauri M , Fernandez Jessica C. , Rumble Joy
Published: July 2021

This EDIS publication is written for Florida agriculturalists, Extension agents, agricultural organizations, and other individuals interested in successfully using social media to connect with their stakeholders, potential customers or other individuals. This 3-page publication focuses on describing social media and examples of different social media and each’s use. Minor revision by Caroline R. Warwick, Lauri M. Baker, Jessica C. Fernandez, and Joy N. Rumble.
Getting the Most out of Social Media: Creating a Social Media Plan
Authors: Baker Lauri M. , Warwick Caroline R. , Fernandez Jessica C. , Rumble Joy
Published: July 2021

This 3-page publication on how to create a social media plan is part of the Getting the Most out of Social Media series, created for Florida professionals, business owners and individuals interested in understanding how to strategically use social media. The following sections will outline how to develop a plan to successfully adopt and maintain social media platforms for agriculturalists and Extension personnel. Minor revision by Lauri Baker, Caroline Warwick, Jessica Fernandez, and Joy Rumble.
Getting the Most out of Social Media: Strategic Practices When Using Social Media
Authors: Warwick Caroline R. , Baker Lauri M. , Fernandez Jessica C. , Rumble Joy
Published: July 2021

This EDIS publication is designed for Florida professionals, agriculturalists, organizations, and producers looking to develop a better understanding of social media platforms and get the most out of their social media usage. This publication specifically focuses on 15 practices for strategic social media use. Minor revision by Caroline R. Warwick, Lauri M. Baker, Jessica C. Fernandez, and Joy N. Rumble; published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication; 3 pp.
When “Tried and True” Advocacy Strategies Backfire
Authors: Winett Liana B. , Niederdeppe Jeff , Xu Yiwei , Gollust Sarah E. , Franklin Fowler Erika
Published: July 2021

A core principle of policy advocacy is that to engage decision makers in the urgency, complexity, and controversy of problems, advocates must effectively tell the story of those issues. Policy stories, or narratives, paint mental pictures of what a problem is, who is affected, and how it came to be. Yet, the persuasive effects of narratives on one key group, state legislators, remain understudied. Drawing from the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), media advocacy, and public interest communications, we sought to inform advocacy strategy by illuminating state legislators’ responses to messages about public investments in quality childcare for all. Contrary to expectations, we found that narratives can have unintended effects challenging or even diminishing legislator support. We discuss implications for advocacy strategy.
PERAN BAITUL MAL SEBAGAI PENGHIM PERAN BAITUL MAL SEBAGAI PENGHIMPUN DANA ZAKAT DALAM MENANGGULANGI KEMISKINAN DI KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: July 2021

Aceh is one of the provinces with a high poverty rate and is also a region with a high poverty rate in Sumatra, including Langsa City. Therefore, one of the efforts to alleviate poverty in Langsa City is by utilizing zakat funds managed by the Baitul Mal Institute, which will later be distributed to the poor in Langsa City. This study aims to identify the role of the Baitul Mal Institution in alleviating poverty and improving the welfare of the people of Langsa City. From the research results, it is concluded that the distribution of zakat funds to the poor is still ineffective and still not on target so that people still do not feel prosperity.
PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP JUAL BELI MUKHADHARAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (Studi Kasus Di Kecamatan Kuta Makmur Kabupaten Aceh Utara)
Authors: Fuadi Fuadi
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the public’s understanding of the implementation of Mukhadharah purchasing and selling from the Islamic economic perspective in the Kuta Makmur subdistrict. This study used a qualitative approach. The results showed that the community’s  understanding of the contract made by both parties that occurred before the harvest period was considered valid and fulfilled the elements of the agreement. In purchasing and selling on trees not fully based on the pillars and the legal terms of sale and purchase and contrary to the provisions of Syara’ because they contain Gharar elements and in the execution of taking the goods there are irregularities so that the sale and purchase were not valid because the quality and quantity of goods were different after purchase. So, it concluded that the sale and purhase of  Mukhadharah in the Kuta Makmur subdistrict were illegal.
Global Cities of the East: a conceptual and empirical analysis of foreign studies
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ilyassova K.M. , Bagdatova S.A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: July 2021

The article is aimed at defining the findings and concepts of the researchers of the Eastern global cities and highlighting the features of "East Asian" global cities. For the most of the twentieth century, this area was one of the least urbanized areas in the world, but now cities are growing rapidly and becoming important centers in the regional and global urban hierarchy. The researchers of the Eastern countries identified 16 major megacities claiming the title of world cities, namely Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Seoul, Busan, Taipei, Singapore, Bangkok, Manila, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, and Istanbul. Tokyo on this list, followed by Hong Kong, is included in the "Global City", while Seoul and Taipei are included in the ranking of world cities as national models of "recently industrialized countries". These and other issues related to the global cities of the East are based on research and analysis by foreign and Russian authors.
Semantic features of names of natural phenomena in Turkish and Kazakh proverbs and sayings
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Suyerkul B.M. , Zharmukhanova J.A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

The reflection in proverbs and sayings of the names of natural phenomena in the Turkish and Kazakh languages is an urgent topic that requires a special study. The difference between the early and modern versions of the names of natural phenomena and their use in everyday life increases the importance of the topic of the article. In this regard, it seems appropriate to study the features of the use of paremia in oral speech in a comparative aspect. The semantic features of the names of natural phenomena, especially in a figurative sense, reflect the accumulated stock of knowledge in the centuries-old history of the people since the native speaker began to study and know himself in close relationship with the environment. The authors of the article aim to identify the linguistic mechanisms that indicate differences in their background knowledge by comparing and comparing proverbs and sayings of the Turkic peoples living in different regions with different climatic conditions. To achieve this goal, two tasks are set: to find and conduct a comparative analysis of the Kazakh equivalent of proverbs and sayings with the names of natural phenomena in the Turkish language, as well as to determine the final pragmatic intention of the speaker using the names of natural phenomena in direct and figurative meanings. In the course of the study, there were used methods of systematization, comparison, differentiation, and analysis of language data.
“Diploma mill” issues in the higher education system: the case of the United Kingdom
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ospanova A.N. , Sabitov Z.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nurbayev Z.E. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: July 2021

In the article, the authors explore the evolution of the formation of higher education institutions in the UK, analyze the formation of the education system as a whole. In the course of the study, the authors concluded that the reforms that were carried out in the 1960s in the UK higher education system led to accessibility among the general population and massification. And this, in turn, affected the quality of the educational services provided. An important fact in the reforms of higher education in the UK, was the lack of opportunities to compete with the “old”universities in terms of basic research and social prestige, “universities without pedigree”chose a different development strategy, in which the main role was given to the internationalization of learning. In order to avoid the emergence of “diploma mills”, the requirements for the activities of universities are being strengthened, and a number of measures are being taken. The external examination of the university is carried out by the State Council for the Financing of Higher Education. Experts check universities once every five years, conduct surveys of students and teachers according to a formalized methodology, as well as check the specific results of educational and scientific work and make their recommendations. Expert advice from employers is also a form of external expertise. One of the most important aspects of assessing the quality of a university is accreditation. Obtaining accreditation by the university is a prerequisite for the employment of its graduates. All the above-mentioned bodies conduct strict control and it is not profitable for universities to violate the requirements. All of the above measures have practically eliminated the problem of “diploma mills”.
Ways to achieve peace in Afghanistan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Chamkani A. , Yesdauletova A.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: July 2021

One of the first tasks of governments is to provide security for citizens and establish peace in the country. Without peace, no country can achieve social welfare, economic prosperity, and political growth. Therefore, governments are always trying to prevent war and provide lasting peace in their country, but the conflicting interests of some countries cause these countries to go to war. Afghanistan is a country that has been in a constant state of war for the past four decades, and its citizens have been deprived of the blessings of peace and well-being. Although optimism about peace in Afghanistan emerged after the fall of the Taliban regime in late 2001, Pakistan's continued support for the Taliban has turned it into frustration. The Afghan government's efforts over the past few years have failed to bring the Taliban to the table and bring peace to Afghanistan for a variety of reasons. This article examines how the Afghan government can use this to achieve peace in the country
Plan de producción farmacéutica de soluciones parentales con programación lineal
Authors: Samaniego Guevara Hernán
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación presenta un plan de producción óptimo en una farmacéutica, concreta-mente en el área de soluciones parentales (sueros). En el modelo diseñado se identificaron las restricciones del sistema productivo para el desarrollo del modelo matemático, utili-zando para ello la investigación de operaciones. La presentación del modelo matemático posibilita determinar la producción ideal de un producto acompañado con la presentación de su planeación agregada con relación a sus costos, así como permite planificar, de una manera sistémica, cada uno de los elementos que intervienen en la fabricación de los productos, logrando realizar dicho trabajo desde una perspectiva cuantitativa óptima en lugar de producir con base en la experiencia y en datos históricos. El modelo matemático diseñado para este caso de estudio logra obtener la producción óptima, mediante la utilización eficiente de los recursos empleados en el proceso. El resultado final arrojó un modelo que puede aplicarse a cualquier producto de soluciones parentales que se desee producir, además, permite la identificación de escenarios y oportunidades mediante la explotación de la restricción de la demanda, logrando, de esta manera el aprovechamiento óptimo de materiales, materia prima, mano de obra e insumos en general, la herramienta puede utilizarse en cualquier período.
Análisis de los principales factores de riesgo preexistentes en pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 en Amapá, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Arthur Aires de , Moreira Danilo José Silva , Pimentel Jhon Allyson Sena , Costa Pedro Henrique de Magalhães , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: July 2021

El COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) es una infección causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, con los primeros casos reportados en diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan. Se encontró que en pacientes con comorbilidades, existe un mayor riesgo de complicaciones y mortalidad en caso de infección. La enfermedad fue considerada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en 2020 como una emergencia de salud pública y, en Brasil, el Ministerio de Salud implementó medidas para el monitoreo epidemiológico de los casos registrados en las diferentes unidades federativas del país. Entre estos, Amapá asume altos niveles de incidencia y mortalidad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los principales factores de riesgo previos encontrados en pacientes con COVID-19 en el Estado de Amapá. Para ello, se utilizaron datos secundarios disponibles en el Panel Coronavirus Amapá a través de una búsqueda realizada el 22 de mayo de 2020. En la plataforma se recogieron datos sobre el número de pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19, así como el número de muertes por la enfermedad, con evaluación conjunta en cada tema de comorbilidades encontradas. Después de agrupar estos datos en hojas de cálculo de Microsoft Excel, se realizó un análisis cuantitativo y descriptivo de estos. En el Estado, un total de 28,927 pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 fueron registrados hasta el día de la recolección. Alrededor del 1,31% (378 casos) de estos tenían un factor de riesgo que podría susceptibles a desarrollar complicaciones derivadas del COVID-19, siendo la diabetes y la cardiopatía crónica las afecciones con mayor número de registros. Aún en el Estado de Amapá se encontraron 420 muertes en pacientes con COVID-19. De este total, el 75,71% (318 casos) tenía factores de riesgo previos de mayor riesgo de complicaciones por COVID-19, siendo la hipertensión y la diabetes las condiciones predominantes. Con el estudio, se observó en Amapá que gran parte de la población de pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad y fallecidos tenían antecedentes de factor de riesgo por COVID-19. Debido a la notificación de factores de riesgo en la situación de muerte que no se registraron en el número de pacientes diagnosticados, así como la inespecífica inherente a la condición de los pacientes monitoreados por los mecanismos de salud del estado, no fue posible realizar un análisis más detallado sobre el grado de complicación y la tasa de letalidad generada por un determinado factor de riesgo y su asociación con la infección por coronavirus.
Kegagalan Diplomasi Koersif Arab Saudi terhadap Qatar
Authors: Febriandi Febriandi
Published: July 2021

Saudi Arabia along with Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt suddenly cut off their diplomatic relations with Qatar. Allegations of Qatar's active participation in supporting terrorism have led to this decision. Saudi Arabia and allies carried out a blockade of land, sea and air and then submitted 13 conditions to Qatar. Qatar firmly refused to comply with Saudi’s demands. This paper will discuss the factors of failure of coercive diplomacy carried out by Saudi Arabia and allies against Qatar. As for supporting the author's analysis, this paper will use the theory of coercive diplomacy by Alexander L. George.
Peran European Women’s Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) dalam Mengkonstruksi Regime Kesetaraan Gender di Uni Eropa
Authors: Azizah Nur
Published: July 2021

Keberhasilan Uni Eropa dalam mewujudkan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang tinggi, kemampuannya dalam menginisiasi kebijakan-kebijakan inovatif yang ramah terhadap perempuan, dan kepeloporannya dalam menyebarluaskan norma kesetaraan gender ke berbagai kawasan, merupakan hal yang menarik untuk diteliti. Keberhasilan ini merupakan sebuah “best practice” yang dapat menginspirasi kawasan-kawasan lainnya. Siapa aktor yang berperan dibalik keberhasilan ini ? Artikel ini akan menjelaskan tentang peran European Women’s Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) dalam mengkonstruksi regime kesetaraan gender di Uni Eropa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan studi literatur menggunakan data sekunder. Temuan penelitian ini  menunjukan bahwa advokasi yang dilakukan secara gencar dan terus menerus oleh European Women’s TANs telah berhasil mengkonstruksi regime gender yang efektif di Eropa sehingga mampu menghasilkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang ramah terhadap perempuan dan mewujudkan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang tinggi.
THE NATIONAL INTEREST CONCEPT IN A GLOBALISED INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: Dermawan Rifki
Published: July 2021

Globalisation creates changes at the national level and also in the international system. The concept of state along with its national interest are challenged by globalisation process. As a significant part of foreign policy, the national interest concept needs an adjustment in this modern era. The emergence of non-state actors also contribute to the transformation of global community. The large number of states integrate in international or regional organisations cause a tension between national interest and collective interest of a state. Therefore, this article suggests that a state needs to reconsider its concept of national interest since there are many changes occur in the globalised international system. The “old ideas of national interest” proposed by realists could be irrelevant in the today’s world.
Kerjasama UNICEF dan IRC dalam Penegakan Hak Anak di Sierra Leone
Authors: Kusumawardani Damar
Published: July 2021

Sierra Leone was one of the countries with the largest use of child soldiers during the civil war between 1991-2002. Girl child soldiers made up to 30 percent of the total child soldiers involved in the Sierra Leone civil war. The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program (DDR) which was one of the UN mandate as a post-conflict peace consolidation could only reach 506 out of a total of 6,845 child soldiers who have been disarmed. This was because the requirement for the disarmament phase was to hand in their weapon, while many girls were not equipped with weapon by their armed forces commander considering that most of them acted as cooks, house workers, and bush wives. UNICEF and IRC as international organizations then carried out further DDR projects with more gender-responsive and community-based with gender mainstreaming and inclusive citizenship policies to enforce children rights of Sierra Leonean girl soldiers who previously had not included in DDR program. This paper will discuss the enforcement of children rights of Sierra Leonean girl soldiers in the furtjer DDR projects.
The use of hemodialysis in hypercalcemic crisis secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors:   Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Marouço Catarina , Caeiro Fernando ,   Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal,   Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Costa Bernardo ,   Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Navarro David ,   Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Magriço Rita ,   Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal,   Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Nolasco Fernando ,   Nephrology Department, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal,   Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Published: July 2021

Severe hypercalcemia can be either acute or decompensate from a chronic state to a medical emergency, the hypercalcemic crisis. The presence of symptoms such as altered mental status or potentially fatal ECG abnormalities demand an expeditious decrease in serum calcium levels. Standard medical therapy consists of vigorous volume replacement, calcitonin and, depending on the etiology, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet or glucocorticoids. Hypercalcemic crisis is a rare indication for urgent hemodialysis and is reserved for patients with severe symptoms, ineffective medical therapy or end stage renal disease. The use of hemodialysis in this scenario is not commonly reported. We hereby report a patient who presented with altered mental status and acute kidney injury due to a hypercalcemic crisis secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. Treatment included urgent hemodialysis to effectively lower calcium levels.
Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Dan Lama Perendaman Benih Dalam Air Hangat Terhadap Bibit Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Ulu Maxsimus , Taolin Roberto I.C.O. , Seran Regina
Published: July 2021

Telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman terhadap bibit pepaya dan untuk menguji jenis pupuk kandang dan arang sekam terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pepaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-September 2018 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor, Kelurahan Sasi, Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu, Kabupaten TTU, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor yakni faktor pertama adalah lama perendaman benih dalam air hangat yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) aras yakni 30 menit, 60 menit, 120 menit. Faktor yang kedua yakni yang terdiri dari 4 (empat) aras yakni kontrol tanah kosong, tanah + arang sekam, tanah + pupuk kandang, tanah + arang sekam + pupuk kandang sapi. Semua kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali sehingga seluruhnya terdapat 36 petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pepaya yang direndam didalam air hangan selama 120 menit dan diberikan perlakuan media tanam tanah + arang sekam + pupuk kandang sapi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pepaya yang dapat diekspresikan dalam bentuk tinggi tanaman tertinggi, jumlah daun terbanyak dan diameter terbesar.
Pelapisan (Coating) pada Benih Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum Annuum L) untuk Mencegah Penyakit Terbawa Benih
Authors: Tefa Anna , Rusae Aloysius , Matnai Febrianus
Published: July 2021

Pengembangan cabai merah bertujuan meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman cabai guna memenuhi permintaan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon perkecambahan dan kejadian penyakit benih cabai merah besar pada perlakuan seed coating PGPR dan Fungisida antrakol. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai bulan Mei 2019, di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor, Kelurahan Sasi, Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor Pertama: coating yaitu (C0) Tanpa Coating, (C1) Coating PGPR, (C2) Coating Fungisida Antrakol. Faktor kedua yakni: Periode simpan yaitu (P0) Tanpa Penyimpanan, (P1) Penyimpanan Bulan Pertama, (P2) Penyimpanan Bulan Kedua, (P3) Penyimpanan Bulan Ketiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara faktor coating dan periode simpan terhadap parameter potensi tumbuh maksimum, kecepatan tumbuh sedangkan daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, keserempakan tumbuh, berat kering kecambah normal, kejadian penyakit menunjukkan terjadi interaksi. Perlakuan penyimpanan 2 bulan dan perlakuan coating PGPR memberikan prosentase pertumbuhan terbaik dan meminimalisir serangan penyakit.
TECHNOLOGIES USING TELEPHONE APPLICATIONS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Koyenikan Margaret , Ohiomoba I. S.
Published: July 2021

The global crisis in Climate Change (CC) requires Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Information and Technologies (CSAITs) to address it. Mobile Phone Applications (MPAs) among other ICTs could be veritable tools for enhancing job performance of field staff by facilitating their generation and dissemination of relevant information to adapt, cope with and mitigate the effects of CC. This study examined access and dissemination of CSAITs using MPAs by field staff in Edo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP). Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics, access and dissemination of CSA-related information, use of MPAs for CSAITs and the constraints to usage of MPAs among field workers. Data were collected from the 120 field staff comprising 78 Field Extension Workers and 42 Enumerators of Edo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results show that 55.8% of respondents were males and 40.8% were between 41-50 years of age, 54.2% were HND/B.Sc holders and 50.8% had between 11-20years working experience. The CSAITs mostly accessed (≥50%) using MPAs include irrigation and “fadama” farming, weather forecasts and zero or minimal tillage and non-burning while CSAITs mostly disseminated include manure application, mulching, and timely harvesting. The MPAs used for CSA-related tasks include voice calls ( =2.78), Short Messaging Service (SMS) ( =2.53), calculators ( =2.46), camera ( =2.46) and emails ( =2.43). Constraints to using MPAs for CSAITs-related tasks included inadequate knowledge and skills in CSAITs ( =3.72) and in the use of many MPAs and
APPLICATION OF HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD TO THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF TEMPERATURE RISE DURING MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA
Authors: Morenikeji Erinle-Ibrahim L. , Babatunde Ayeni O. , Oluwatobi Idowu K
Published: July 2021

We study a one dimensional non-linear model of multi-layered human skin exposed to microwave heating during cancer therapy. The model is analyzed using homotopy perturbation method and the fact that there are variations in specific heat, thermal conductivity and blood perfusion from one individual to another were considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of variable blood perfusion, microwave heating and thermal conductivity on the temperature field during microwave hyperthermia. By varying the parameters, we were able to determine maximum rise of temperature as an individual undergoes cancer therapy. The results were presented in graphs and it was discovered that the temperature of the tumor increases with increase in the microwave heating index while the blood perfusion remain constant.
Kajian Semanalisis Hingga Intertekstualitas Julia Kristeva: Analisis atas Teks Al-Quran tentang Eksistensi Hujan
Authors: Wasilatul Firdausiyah Umi
Published: July 2021

Julia Kirsteva is one of the philosophers as well as international intellectuals whose thoughts on the semanalis of the wretched thoughts are in great demand by many intellectuals. This paper examines the semanalysis of Julia Kristeva coupled with a Quranic verse in the form of rain. By following the arrangement of Kristeva's approach, which begins with a semanalytic approach, then the genotex and phenotex are born, followed by the division of the meaning of signifiance and signifying, and the last is to look for the intertextuality of the text being studied. The result of this research is that the meaning related to rain is not the same, which depends on how the reviewer can understand the context and the social and religious relationships that surround it. The existence of rain is basically a gift from Allah, but there are times when Allah admonishes his creation to contemplate His greatness.
Influência do regionalismo amazônico como fator de risco para desenvolvimento de câncer gástrico
Authors: Martins Luisa Carí­cio , Santos Fabrí­cio Tavares dos , Corrêa Anderson Roberto de Sales
Published: July 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo definir os principais fatores de risco ambientais presentes nos pacientes internados em um hospital de referência em oncologia de Belém/PA, relacionando-os com peculiaridades regionais amazônicas e com a infecção pela H. pylori. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa de corte transversal, na qual foram selecionados 32 pacientes em um período de 2 meses. Observou-se como fator de risco para o adenocarcinoma gástrico: idade maior que 50 anos (46,87 % faixa etária de 51 a 60 anos e 31,37 % faixa etária 61 a 70 anos; p = 0,0064), baixa escolaridade e renda salarial (p = 0,0016 e < 0,0001), consumo de sal em alimentos processados, em especial carne seca salgada, peixe salgado e churrasco (p = 0,0004, 0,0003 e 0,0064) e consumo diário de alimentos de hábitos regionais como farinha de mandioca (p < 0,0001). Infecção pela H. pylori, tabagismo e etilismo não foram relacionados como fator de risco.
Vegetation duration and productivity of common bean varieties in the southern part of the western Forest-steppe
Authors: Chynchyk O. , Olifrovych S. , Olifrovych V.
Published: July 2021

The industrial cultivation of beans is predertmined by economic and agronomic attractiveness of the crop. However, the selection of varieties is among the main components of technology, which determine the growth of efciency of beans production. The maximum level of cultivars' potential realization largely depends on the duration of the interphase and vegetation periods of common beans. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the duration of the growing season and grain productivity of common beans, depending on varietal characteristics and seed inoculation. According to the research results, it was found that on the control (bean variety Bukovynka without seed inoculation) the duration of the growing season was 87 days. The growing season was shorter in varieties Halaktyka and Slaviia – 80 and 84 days, respectively. The growing season for varieties Nata and Otrada was longer than the control cultivar Bukovynka – 89 and 92 days, respectively. And the longest growing season for the control fertilization was in the Ros variety – 94 days. Seed inoculation with Rizoaktiv continued the duration of the growing season of the bean variety Slaviia for one day, Bukovynka, Ros, Nata for two days, Otrada for three days. Yield is the most important property of a variety. In our studies, the yield of beans increases from 0.65 to 2.87 t/ha, depending on the weather conditions of the year of cultivation, varietal characteristics and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds. The highest increase in grain yield from seed inoculation was obtained in 2018, which was more favorable in terms of moisture. Thus, the largest increase in grain yield from the use of Rizoactive was provided by the varieties Halaktyka (0.14 t/ha or 5.7 %), Ros (0.15 t/ha or 5.5 %) and Otrada (0.22 t/ha or 7.7 %). On average, according to the results of research conducted in 2018–2020, it was found that inoculation of bean seeds with Rizoactive, depending on the variety, provided an increase in grain yield from 2.4 to 6.7 %. For three years of research, the maximum seed yield was observed in Otrada 2.60 t/ha, slightly lower in Nata 2.50 t/ha and Ros 2.40 t/ha, which was obtained by seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Rizoaktiv.
Key words: common beans, variety, vegetation periods, Ryzoaktyv, grain yield.
Ecological signifcance of winter wheat varieties in phytosanitary optimization of agroecosystems
Authors: Beznosko I. , Parfenyuk A. , Gorgan T. , Gavrilyuk L. , Turovnik Y.
Published: July 2021

Mycobiota of Podolyanka and Poliska 90 winter wheat varieties seeds was found to be represented mainly by fungi of the Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Trichothecium genera which are characterized by various levels of pathogenicity, depending on the physiological and biochemical properties the host variety. Signifcant increase is air temperature and relative humidity during the wheat ﬂowering and milking stage of grain ripening contributed to the spread of micromycetes of the genus Alternaria Nees. (50 %). The seeds the affected by fungi Alternaria were physiologically underdeveloped, had low energy and germination, which averaged 40 %. Plants form such seeds lag behind in growth and development. It is established that the physiological and biochemical mechanism of Podolyanka winter wheat variety stimulates mycelium radial growth and intensity of fungi Alternaria sporulation indicating the rapid reproduction of micromycetes, which contributes to the contamination of agrophytocenoses by propagative structures of the pathogen. However, the intensity of spore formation and the rate of mycelium radial growth on Poliska 90 variety seeds, was signifcantly lower. This fact gives reason to believe that the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the Poliska 90 variety plants is able to restrain the intensity of the genus Alternaria micromycetes spore formation at an ecologically safe level. It was found that the seeds of the Podolyanka and Poliska 90 winter wheat varieties are low in protein content and have high humidity. In terms of raw gluten content, they are classifed in the quality group 3. Isolates of fungi the genus Alternaria developed more intensively on the Podolyanka winter wheat variety grain, which is characterized by a lower content of protein and gluten. However the development of fungi was signifcantly lower on the Poliska 90 variety grain, which is characterized by a slightly higher content of protein and gluten. System-ecological approach to the improvement of agroecosystems in organic farming can be carried out using indicators of the variety physiological and biochemical properties interaction with physiological properties of phytopathogenic fungi, namely sporulation intensity and mycelial radial growth rate. This can increase the level of biosafety in agroecosystems and improve the quality of plant raw materials.
Key words: the frequency of occurrence, mycelium radial growth, sporulation intensity, phytosanitary optimization, wheat winter agrphytocenoses.
Dendrocenosis of the Bila Tserkva national agricultural university main building courtyard: diversity, age and condition
Authors: Marchenko A. , Khryk V. , Masalskiy V. , Rohovskiy S. , Oleshko O. , Krupa N. , Zhykharieva K. , Boyko V.
Published: July 2021

The paper reveals the results of taxonomic assessment, phytosanitary monitoring and general condition of the dendrocenosis the BNAU main building the courtyard. It is established that the age structure of plantations ranges from 10 to 80 years, with 60 years old plants to make 12 %. The group of woody plants aged from 41 to 50 years is most numerous (33 % of the total number of trees); the larges number of shrubs ages 16–20 years (6 %). The structure of the dendrocenosis of the courtyard is formed by species of woody plants, the share of their participation ranges from 5.8 to 15 % of the total number of trees: Aesculus hippocastanum L. (15 %), Acer platanoides (9.2 %), Catalpa bignonioides Walt. (7.5 %), Populus tremula L. (6.7 %), Juglans cinerea L. (6.7 %), Ulmus glabra Huds. (6.7 %), Tilia platyphyllos Scop. (5.8 %). According to the life forms of plants, the dendrocenosis is represented by trees (81.7 %) and shrubs (183.%). The taxonomic assessment of the dendrocenosis reveals that that 120 specimens of shrubs are represented by 27 species, grouped into 23 genera of 17 families of 12 orders of 2 divisions. Magnoliophyta predominates in terms of species diversity, which is represented by 24 species from 20 genera of 16 families of 11 orders. According to the number of specimens represented by families, they can be ranked as follows: Sapindaceae Juss. > Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb> Malvaceae Juss. > Bignoniaceae Juss. > Ulmaceae Mirb. > Salicaceae Mirb. > Oleaceae Hoﬀmanns. & Link> Anacardiaceae R.Br. > Fabaceae Juss. > Adoxaceae E.Mey. > Paeoniaceae Raf. According to the number of woody plants, the relative living condition of the dendrocenosis is 75 %, which characterizes the weakened condition of the stand of the BNAU main building courtyard. The best living condition was observed in 46 % of the species stand such as Picea abies L., Pinus sylvestris L., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Fraxinus excelsior L., Styphnolobium japonicum L., Carpinus betulus L., Rhus typhina L., Acer negundo L., Tilia cordata Mill. Under the inﬂuence of various biotic and abiotic factors, 26 % of shrubs are in a weakened state, 17 % are severely weakened, 11 % are withered.
Key words: dendrocenosis, tree-shrub vegetation, species, genus, family, living condition.
Energy productivity of sugar sorghum in the central part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine depending on the harvesting time
Authors: Hanzhenko O.
Published: July 2021

Due to global climate change, sugar sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum), due to its fast growth rate, early maturation, efcient use of water and limited need for fertilizers, is the most promising plant for biofuel production in the world. The article presents the results of the study on establishing the dependence of sugar sorghum energy performance indicators on varietal characteristics (varieties 'Silosne 42' and 'Favorit' and hybrids 'Dovista' and 'Medoviy F1') and the green biomass harvesting time. The purpose of the research was to establish the inﬂuence of varietal characteristics and harvesting time on sugar sorghum energy productivity in the zone of unstable moisture in the Central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research subject is sugar sorghum energy productivity indicators (yield of green biomass; sugar content of juice; yield of biogas, bioethanol, solid biofuel; total energy yield). The studies were carried out during 2016–2020 in the zone of unstable moisture in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the conditions of the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It has been established that the highest yield of biofuel and energy (up to 791.8 GJ/ha) is achieved under growing sugar sorghum of the 'Dovista' hybrid, provided that its biomass is collected in the phase of full seed ripeness (early October). It is advisable to start collecting sugar sorghum biomass for biogas after the panicle throwing phase. To ensure the maximum yield of bioethanol, the optimal time for harvesting green biomass of sugar sorghum is the second decade of September – the frst decade of October. The maximum yield of solid biofuel is achieved under harvesting biomass after the phase of waxy ripeness of grain. The formation of the yield of green biomass of sugar sorghum was more inﬂuenced by weather conditions (47.4 %), the inﬂuence of varietal characteristics (17.8 %) and the timing of harvesting (12.8 %) was less. But the energy yield was most inﬂuenced by the timing of harvesting biomass (37.4 %). A close linear correlation between the energy output and the yield of green (R2=0.81) and dry biomass (R2=0.99) was established. The most ecological plasticity in terms of the total energy yield per unit area turned out to be the 'Medoviy F1' hybrid (b=1.62), which indicates the prospects of growing this hybrid under favorable weather conditions and high level of agricultural technology.
Key words: sugar sorghum, varietal characteristics, harvesting time, energy yield, biofuel yield, productivity.
Creation of new generation sugar beet hybrids
Authors: Dubchak О. , Andrieieva L. , Vakulenko P. , Palamarchuk L.
Published: July 2021

The paper reveals the results of Verkhnyatska RSS breeders participation in the Betaintercross program on creating new generation sugar beet hybrids. Studying the effciency of new hybrids simultaneously in all beet sowing zones in Ukraine (ecological varieties testing on the Betaintercross program) makes it possible to estimate their adaptability to various agroclimatic conditions as well as comprehensive and prompt assessment of the created hybrids. The paper reveals the best hybrids on the results of ecological seed tests for 2007–2019 created with use of the initial forms of Verkhnyatska of selection. The largest number of perspective hybrids were received at hybridization of MP Verkhnyatsk origin with MS by lines of Ivanivsk, Uman and Ulaiv selection. Hybrid STs 121120 Dzhura, with sugar yield of 115,8 % and hybrid CTs 090922 USB 1201 with 115,2 % of the standard were created at purposeful topcross crossings of MP 3 1111 VRSS with MS the line 1037 IvDSS creates. The hybrid STs 110120 Heroy received with Uman MS line 0912 and Verkhnyatska MP1 1008, yielded 105,6 % of sugar. The most successful hybrid combinations are created using Verhnyatska parent MS lines with Bila Tserkva and Uman polinators. Belotserkivska MP 0805 in a combination with Verkhnyatska MS line 0714 provided the STs 090328 Aydar hybrid, with sugar yield of 109,2 % in comparison with the standard. The STs 110804 Verkhniy hybrid was created in cooperation with Bila Tserkva selelectionists and provided for 122,5 % of sugar yield. 11 hybrid combinations of MS lines and MP of our own Verkhnyatsk selection were created in the selection program running. The hybrids of sugar beet USB1201, Dzhura, Kozak, Heroy, Aydar, Verkhniy were listed in the state register of grades of Ukraine in 2010–2019.
Key words: breeding, genotype, sugar beet hybrid, heterozis, productivity.