bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The minimally invasive approach to the symptomatic isthmocele – what does the literature say? A step-by-step primer on laparoscopic isthmocele – excision and repair
Authors: Sipahi Sevgi , Sasaki Kirsten , Miller Charles E.
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review

The purpose of this review is to understand the minimally invasive approach to the excision and repair of an isthmocele.

Recent findings

Previous small trials and case reports have shown that the minimally invasive approach by hysteroscopy and/or laparoscopy can cure symptoms of a uterine isthmocele, including abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain and secondary infertility. A recent larger prospective study has been published that evaluates outcomes of minimally invasive isthmocele repair. Smaller studies and individual case reports echo the positive results of this larger trial.

The cesarean section scar defect, also known as an isthmocele, has become an important diagnosis for women who present with abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain and secondary infertility. It is important for providers to be aware of the effective surgical treatment options for the symptomatic isthmocele. A minimally invasive approach, whether it be laparoscopic or hysteroscopic, has proven to be a safe and effective option in reducing symptoms and improving fertility.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COOG/A37.
Nutritional imbalance suppresses migratory phenotypes of the Mongolian locust (
Oedaleus asiaticus
)
Authors: Cease Arianne J. , Harrison Jon F. , Hao Shuguang , Niren Danielle C. , Zhang Guangming , Kang Le , Elser James J.
Published: June 2017

For many species, migration evolves to allow organisms to access better resources. However, the proximate factors that trigger these developmental changes, and how and why these vary across species, remain poorly understood. One prominent hypothesis is that poor-quality food promotes development of migratory phenotypes and this has been clearly shown for some polyphenic insects. In other animals, particularly long-distance bird migrants, it is clear that high-quality food is required to prepare animals for a successful migration. We tested the effect of diet quality on the flight behaviour and morphology of the Mongolian locust,
Oedaleus asiaticus
. Locusts reared at high population density and fed low-N grass (performance-enhancing for this species) had enhanced migratory morphology relative to locusts fed high-N grass. Furthermore, locusts fed synthetic diets with an optimal 1 : 2 protein : carbohydrate ratio flew for longer times than locusts fed diets with lower or higher protein : carbohydrate ratios. In contrast to the hypothesis that performance-degrading food should enhance migration, our results support the more nuanced hypothesis that high-quality diets promote development of migratory characteristics when migration is physiologically challenging.
Revealing the hidden structure of dynamic ecological networks
Authors: Miele Vincent , Matias Catherine
Published: June 2017

In ecology, recent technological advances and long-term data studies now provide longitudinal interaction data (e.g. between individuals or species). Most often, time is the parameter along which interactions evolve but any other one-dimensional gradient (temperature, altitude, depth, humidity, etc.) can be considered. These data can be modelled through a sequence of different snapshots of an evolving ecological network, i.e. a dynamic network. Here, we present how the dynamic stochastic block model approach developed by Matias & Miele (Matias & Miele In pressJ. R. Stat. Soc. B(doi:10.1111/rssb.12200)) can capture the complexity and dynamics of these networks. First, we analyse a dynamic contact network of ants and we observe a clear high-level assembly with some variations in time at the individual level. Second, we explore the structure of a food web evolving during a year and we detect a stable predator–prey organization but also seasonal differences in the prey assemblage. Our approach, based on a rigorous statistical method implemented in the R packagedynsbm, can pave the way for exploration of evolving ecological networks.
Post-Transcriptional Control of Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis Revealed by Transomic Analysis of the RNA-Binding Protein Puf3p
Authors: Lapointe Christopher P. , Stefely Jonathan A. , Jochem Adam , Hutchins Paul D. , Wilson Gary M. , Kwiecien Nicholas W. , Coon Joshua J. , Wickens Marvin , Pagliarini David J.
Published: June 2017

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox active lipid required for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). How CoQ biosynthesis is coordinated with the biogenesis of OxPhos protein complexes is unclear. Here, we show that theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeRNA-binding protein (RBP) Puf3p directly regulates CoQ biosynthesis. To establish the mechanism for this regulation, we employed a transomic strategy to identify mRNAs that not only bind Puf3p, but also are regulated by Puf3pin vivo. The CoQ biosynthesis enzyme Coq5p is a critical Put3p target: Puf3p regulates the level of Coq5p and prevents its toxicity, thereby enabling efficient CoQ production. In parallel, Puf3p represses a specific set of proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import, translation, and OxPhos complex assembly — pathways essential to prime mitochondrial biogenesis. Our data reveal a mechanism for post-transcriptionally coordinating CoQ production with OxPhos biogenesis and, more broadly, demonstrate the power of transomics for defining genuine targets of RBPs.

HIGHLIGHTS

The RNA binding protein (RBP) Puf3p regulates coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis

Transomic analysis of RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites defines RBP targets

Puf3p regulates the potentially toxic CoQ biosynthesis enzyme Coq5p

Puf3p couples regulation of CoQ with a broader program for controlling mitochondria
FGF21 regulates melanogenesis in alpaca melanocytesviaERK1/2-Mediated MITF downregulation
Authors: Wang Ruiwei , Chen Tianzhi , Zhao Bingling , Fan Ruiwen , Ji Kaiyuan , Yu Xiuju , Wang Xianjun , Dong Changsheng
Published: June 2017

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is known as a metabolic regulator to regulate the metabolism of glucose and lipids. However, the underlying mechanism of FGF21 on melanin synthesis remains unknown. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of FGF21 on melanogenesis in alpaca melanocytes. We transfected the FGF21 into alpaca melanocytes, then detected the melanin contents, protein and mRNA levels of pigmentation-related genes in order to determine the melanogenesis-regulating pathway of FGF21. The results showed that FGF21 overexpression suppressed melanogenesis and decreased the expression of the major target genes termedmicrophthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF) and its downstream genes, including tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2). However FGF21 increased the expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk1/2). In contrast, FGF21-siRNA, a small interference RNA mediating FGF21 silencing, abolished the inhibition of melanogenesis. Altogether, FGF21 may decrease melanogenesis in alpaca melanocytes via ERK activation and subsequent MITF downregulation, which is then followed by the suppression of melanogenic enzymes and melanin production.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor derived from peripheral sensory neurons plays a critical role in pain chronification
Authors: Sikandar Shafaq , Minett Michael S. , Lau Joanne , Millet Queensta , Santana-Varela Sonia , Wood John N , Zhao Jing
Published: June 2017

Multiple studies support the pro-nociceptive role of brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) in pain processes in the peripheral and central nervous system. We have previously shown that nociceptor-derived BDNF is implicated in inflammatory pain. Microglial-derived BDNF has also been shown to be involved in neuropathic pain. However, the distinct contribution of primary afferent-derived BNDF to chronic pain processing remains undetermined. In this study, we used Advillin-CreERT2 mice to deleteBdnffrom all adult peripheral sensory neurons. Conditional BDNF knockouts were healthy with no sensory neuron loss. Behavioural assays andin vivoelectrophysiology indicated that spinal excitability was normal. Following formalin inflammation or neuropathy with a modified Chung model, we observed normal development of acute pain behaviour, but a deficit in second phase formalin-induced nocifensive responses and a reversal of neuropathy-induced mechanical hypersensitivity during the later chronic pain phase in conditional BDNF knockout mice. In contrast, we observed normal development of acute and chronic neuropathic pain in the Seltzer model, indicating differences in the contribution of BDNF to distinct models of neuropathy. We further used a model of hyperalgesic priming to examine the contribution of primary afferent-derived BDNF in the transition from acute to chronic pain, and found that primed BDNF knockout mice do not develop prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity. Our data suggest that BDNF derived from sensory neurons plays a critical role in mediating the transition from acute to chronic pain.
A century of guayule: Comprehensive Genetic Characterization of the Guayule (Parthenium argentatumA. Gray) USDA Germplasm Collection
Authors: Ilut Daniel C. , Sanchez Paul L. , Coffelt Terry A. , Dyer John M. , Jenks Matthew A. , Gore Michael A.
Published: June 2017

The fragility of a single-source, geographically concentrated supply of natural rubber, a critical material of the modern economy, has brought guayule (Parthenium argentatumA. Gray) to the forefront as an alternative source of natural rubber. The improvement of guayule for commercial-scale production has been limited by the lack of genomic tools and well-characterized genetic resources required for genomics-assisted breeding. To address this issue, we developed nearly 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers and genotyped 69 accessions of guayule and its sister taxa mariola (Parthenium incanumKunth), representing the entire available NALPGRU germplasm collection. We identified multiple interspecific hybrid accessions previously considered guayule, including six guayule-mariola hybrids and non-mariola interspecific hybrid accessions AZ-2 and AZ-3, two commonly used high-yielding cultivars. We dissected genetic diversity within the collection to identify a highly diverse subset of guayule accessions, and showed that wild guayule stands in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA have the potential to provide hitherto untapped guayule genetic diversity. Together, these results provide the most thorough genetic characterization of guayule germplasm to date and lay the foundation for rapid genetic improvement of commercial guayule germplasm.

Key Results

Six guayule accessions are guayule-mariola hybrids

Guayule collections from Big Bend National Park contain novel guayule genotypes not present in collections from Mexico

Commonly cultivated accessions AZ2 and AZ3 contain introgressions from otherPartheniumspecies

The triploid accessions 11591, 11646, N576, N565, N565II, and RICHARDSON are generally indistinguishable from each other with respect to genetic background and likely represent the 4265-I source genotype (Johnson, 1950)

Open pollinated and purposefully outcrossed tetraploid selections derived from 4265-I incorporate further genetic diversity and form distinct genotypes
Cortical Entropy Values Correlate with Brain Scale-Free Dynamics
Authors: Tozzi Arturo , Peters James F. , Çankaya Mehmet Niyazi
Published: June 2017

A two-dimensional shadow may encompass more information than its corresponding three-dimensional object. If we rotate the object, we achieve a pool of observed shadows from different angulations, gradients, shapes and variable length contours that make it possible for us to increase our available information. Starting from this simple observation, we show how informational entropies might turn out to be useful in the evaluation of scale-free dynamics in the brain. Indeed, brain activity exhibits a scale-free distribution, which appears as a straight line when plotted in a log power versus log frequency plot. A variation in the scale-free exponent and in the line scaling slope may occur during different functional neurophysiological states. Here we show that modifications in scaling slope are associated with variations in Rényi entropy, a generalization of Shannon informational entropy. From a three-dimensional object’s perspective, by changing its orientation (standing for the cortical scale-free exponent), we detect different two-dimensional shadows from different perception angles (standing for Rènyi entropy in different brain areas). We perform simulations showing how, starting from known values of Rènyi entropy (easily detectable in brain fMRIs or EEG traces), it is feasible to calculate the scaling slope in a given moment and a given brain area. Because changes in scale-free cortical dynamics modify brain activity, suggests the possibility of novel insights in mind reading and description of the forces required for transcranial stimulation.
Crystal structure of the tetraaquabis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)–caffeine–water (1/2/4) co-crystal
Authors: El Hamdani H. , El Amane M. , Duhayon C.
Published: June 2017

In the structure of the title compound [systematic name: tetraaquabis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)–1,3,7-trimethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purine-2,6-dione–water (1/2/4)], [Co(NCS)2(H2O)4]·2C8H10N4O2·4H2O, the cobalt(II) cation lies on an inversion centre and is coordinated in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry by the oxygen atoms of four water molecules and two N atoms of twotrans-arranged thiocyanate anions. In the crystal, the complex molecules interact with the caffeine molecules through O—H...N, O—H...O and C—H...S hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.4715 (5) Å], forming layers parallel to theabplane, which are further connected into a three-dimensional network by O—H...O and O—H...S hydrogen bonds involving the non-coordinating water molecules.
Bitter taste: an agency agreement in Vietnam goes awry
Authors: Hans Wafler Beat , Beise-Zee Rian
Published: June 2017

Subject area

The case authentically illustrates a common problem encountered within the business scope of an agent who is representing a European food ingredients manufacturer in an emerging market. The case describes the kind of legal set-up and contracts that are necessary to safeguard the long-term prospective of the business for both parties, the agent and overseas supplier. It explains what each party has to observe in case of a termination of the agency agreement.

Study level/applicability

This is a longitudinal case study of a market entry by a European food ingredients manufacturer through a foreign-owned third agent. The authors studied how sales developed over the first few years and then concentrated the investigation on the fact that after the sales volume was reached, the overseas manufacturer wants to cancel the agency agreement and do the business directly without getting the agent involved.

Case overview

This case describes and explains a common problem encountered frequently by overseas manufacturers who want to enter an emerging market through a third-party agent representation. The overseas supplier uses the agent’s service and solid reputation to enter an emerging market with limited exposure to costs and risk. The agent works towards guarding the relationship with the overseas supplier for as long as possible. The development of the relationship illustrates what kind of conditions have to be stipulated in advance to provide an acceptable solution to both parties concerned once they part ways.

Expected learning outcomes

This research is based on a European food ingredients manufacturer, who was expanding its business in different Asian emerging markets, namely, Vietnam and Cambodia. The agent was a long-time established trading house who acted frequently as agent for overseas companies that wanted to get a foothold in these promising Asian emerging markets.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 5: International Business
Do auditor and CFO gender matter to earnings quality? Evidence from Sweden
Authors: Nasution Damai , Jonnergård Karin
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This study aims to examine the association between auditor and chief financial officer (CFO) gender and earnings quality, utilising data from Sweden. This study also aims to examine whether interactions between auditor and CFO, which may affect a firm’s earnings quality, are associated with their gender. These aims are inspired by the notion that gender differences will be overruled by the rewards and socialisation into the occupational roles as suggested by the structural approach to gender.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a multivariate regression model to test its hypotheses. The sample consists of 976 firm-year observations covering the period 2008 to 2013.

Findings

The results show that gender of the auditor and CFO is not associated with earnings quality, and the interactions between auditors and CFOs, which may affect earnings quality, are not associated with their gender. Consequently, the results give tentative support for the structural approach in gender studies in the accounting and auditing field.

Research limitations/implications

This study indicates that future research in gender studies should consider the structural approach based on the argument of gender similarities. This approach contends that work-related behaviour of women will more resemble men, and this is caused by the socialisation process into the occupational role and the structure where they work (e.g. organisational and professional culture, work conditions, a compensation scheme, national culture, etc.) instead of gender.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding whether gender – auditor and CFO gender – is associated with firms’ earnings quality and standing whether the interactions between auditor and CFO are associated with their gender, something that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has not been tested previously. It also re-introduces the structural approach within the gender research in the accounting and auditing field.
Environment is free; but it’s not a gift
Authors: Zokaei Keivan , Manikas Ioannis , Lovins Hunter
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paperaims to review how the field of lean and green has been evolving. Authors draw parallels between the fields of sustainability and quality management. The paper’s title is borrowed and modified from Crosby’s seminal book: Quality is Free.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper starts with a review on how early lean researchers in the late 1980s draw upon benchmark studies, looking at Toyota versus other auto manufacturers to demonstrate that quality is free. Similarly, the authors carry out a benchmark to show how the same argument is valid about Toyota’s environmental performance and how Toyota’s concept of Monozukuri can be exploited as proof for the environment is free movement. The paper concludes with an attempt to address the gap between theory and practice in the field of lean and green.

Findings

The starting point for creating a lean and green business system is the understanding that there is no trade-off between lean and green, that lean and green should be brought together in a symbiosis, as Toyota have done with Monozukuri approach. This requires a coherent strategy that is well developed, and well deployed across all levels of business. The bottom line remains that environment is free, but it is not a gift.

Research limitations/implications

The findings presented in the paper are based on arguments resulted from the review of the relevant literature. It is important to obtain feedback from a large sample of businesses regarding lean and green symbiosis to arrive at sound and valid conclusions.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the fields of operations management and sustainability by proposing a change in businesses’ mind-set about sustainability. Rather than seeing environmental protection as a cost, it should be regarded as an opportunity for enhancing economic performance. In doing so, we can seek inspiration from the fields of quality management and the total quality movement.
Quality attributes of Jericoacoara, Brazil
Authors: Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti dos , Meira Jéssica Vieira de Souza , Pereira Melise de Lima , Limberger Pablo Flôres
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Some recent research studies in tourism have focused on the quality of the destination. The purpose of this paper is to identify and test the quality attributes of the destination of Jericoacoara, Brazil, in order to contribute to theoretical and empirical knowledge of the subject.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is exploratory and descriptive in nature, with a quantitative approach, and uses questionnaires administered to 391 tourists in Jericoacoara. Data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings

Results showed that the most important factor in assessing the quality of the destination is service, followed by the factors accommodation, management, destination, and, lastly, attractions.

Originality/value

This study is a theoretical and empirical contribution to the debate on destiny quality and a management tool for strategic planning.
A framework to identify knowledge actor roles in enterprise social networks
Authors: Hacker Janine Viol , Bodendorf Freimut , Lorenz Pascal
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Enterprise social networks (ESN) are increasingly used by companies to reinforce collaboration and knowledge sharing. While prior research has investigated ESN use practices, little is known about potential user roles emerging on these platforms. Against this backdrop, this paper develops an ESN knowledge actor role framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The framework is constructed based on a systematic review of literature covering knowledge worker role typologies, user roles identified in public online social spaces as well as findings from ESN research.

Findings

The ESN knowledge actor role framework distinguishes eight contributing and two reading roles. It describes the associated participation behaviours and establishes metrics to identify the roles.

Research limitations/implications

Providing a notion of knowledge management-related roles in ESN, the framework enables a better understanding of knowledge processes and the involved actors. Moreover, the paper advances the field of ESN data analytics by designing a set of ESN metrics to characterise user behaviour.

Practical implications

Understanding ESN user roles, in particular regarding their knowledge contributions to the platform, can improve knowledge transparency in companies. The framework may usefully support the identification and management of critical knowledge resources and support decision-making in the areas of human resources management and knowledge management.

Originality/value

Providing a platform for knowledge-intensive interactions as well as record of user activities, ESN are well suited to observe and identify knowledge actor roles emerging in this context.
A structural equation model for knowledge sharing behavior in an emerging economy
Authors: Youssef Mohamed , Haak-Saheem Washika , Youssef Eyad M.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Knowledge sharing behaviour is becoming one of the main priorities in organizations operating in emerging economies, as knowledge sharing behaviour may impact their competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of: openness and trust; top management support; and the reward system on knowledge sharing behaviour. In addition, the paper investigates how knowledge sharing behaviour impacts firm’s competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

The analyses in this paper were based on data from more than 230 companies operating in five industries in an emerging economy in the Gulf area. Structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology was used to test the impact of the three independent latent variables of openness and trust, top management support and the reward system on the knowledge sharing behaviour as well as the impact of the later on firm’s competitiveness.

Findings

Exploratory factor as well as confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the five dimensions of knowledge sharing behaviour and firm’s competitiveness. SEM was used to test the four main hypotheses in this study and to assess the structural relationships among these five latent variables. There was a moderate relationship between the knowledge sharing behaviour and the three independent latent variables of openness and trust; top management support; and the reward system. There was a strong positive association between knowledge sharing behaviour and firm’s competitiveness.

Practical implications

For academics, the paper offers an opportunity to further study knowledge sharing behaviour in other emerging economies. Academics who are interested in examining this issue further may extend our study in many directions. For practitioners, our findings should motivate practitioners to place emphasis on top management support, openness and trust and the reward system to create a proper culture for knowledge creation and sharing.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt in its purpose and design to study knowledge sharing behaviour in multiple industries in an emerging economy such as that of Saudi Arabia.
Knowledge management ecological approach: a cross-discipline case study
Authors: Cheng Lee , Leong Samuel
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The growing needs of interdisciplinary research have been hindered by implementation difficulties because of factors such as the availability and distribution of related knowledge. Knowledge management could be a viable solution to address the problems of interdisciplinary research and further its synergic effect by optimizing the use of knowledge across different disciplines. A knowledge management ecological (KME) approach that facilitates the study of knowledge management in discourses between different disciplines was proposed and applied in a case study within an interdisciplinary environment comprising three disciplines: software development, software business and music education.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three groups of key informants to examine the knowledge management processes within the environment.

Findings

The findings reveal the details of knowledge management activities in each of the three disciplines, but the lack of collaboration between them limits the opportunity for a synergistic effect to benefit the cross-discipline environment.

Originality/value

This study shows how the KME approach can be used to deepen the interdisciplinary understanding of knowledge management within and between different disciplines.
General performance factors and group differences in assessment center ratings
Authors: Buckett Anne , Becker Jürgen Reiner , Roodt Gert
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish the extent of general performance factors (GPF) in assessment center (AC) exercises and dimensions. The study further aims to determine if larger GPF contributes to larger ethnic group differences across exercises and dimensions that are more cognitively loaded in an emerging market context.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyzed data across three independent AC samples (Sample 1:N=172; Sample 2:N=281; Sample 3:N=428). The Schmid-Leiman solution was used to determine the extent of GPF in AC exercises and dimensions. An independent samplest-test and Cohen’sdwas used to determine the size of ethnic group differences across exercises and dimensions.

Findings

The results indicate that GPF is consistently large for the in-basket exercise. Furthermore, dimensions that are more cognitively loaded, such as problem solving, strategic thinking, and business acumen, seem to produce the largest ethnic group differences. Overall, the research indicates that larger GPF is associated with larger ethnic group differences in relation to specific AC dimensions and exercises.

Originality/value

The authors add to the literature by investigating the prevalence of a GPF in AC ratings across AC exercises and dimensions. A novel contribution of the research attempts to link the prevalence of a GPF in AC ratings to group membership in South Africa. The study offers an alternative statistical analysis procedure to examine GPF in AC ratings.
Project management issues: vulnerability management assessment
Authors: Aleksic Aleksandar , Puskaric Hrvoje , Tadic Danijela , Stefanovic Miladin
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the vulnerability of projects implemented in enterprises. The paper focuses on the issue of vulnerability assessment in the planning stages of a project, before its realization.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the realization of the project has been analyzed through the phases of delivery, and the fuzzy approach has been deployed for mathematical modeling of uncertainties. An appropriate expert and management team has assessed the variables of the project’s vulnerability by using linguistic expressions, as this way of assessment is close to the human way of thinking. The model of project’s vulnerability assessment has been verified on real life data by means of an illustrative example.

Findings

A very significant part of business operations in enterprises all over the world is realized through the practice of project management. In daily business practice, project activities may be exposed to different risk sources. These risks may be studied from different perspectives, but without reevaluation, risk sources increase the vulnerability of projects as well as of the whole enterprise.

Originality/value

The results of the analysis of the obtained data gives good direction to future research in the scope of vulnerability management in the enterprises oriented to long-term sustainability.
Evaluation and zoning of various urban land spaces based on restrictive indicators: the case of Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Hefeng , Cao Yuan , Liu Xinxia , Yang Yantao
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Using Shanghai as an example, the purpose of this paper is to perform grade evaluation and zoning for different land use spaces by GIS by identifying the major restrictive factors in current socio-economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on short plate theory, 11 major restrictive indicators that will restrict socio-economic development in Shanghai are identified, and urban land is divided into four subspaces and the restrictive grade evaluation of urban land subspace is achieved with GIS spatial analysis; then, land development zoning is processed according to the results of the evaluation.

Findings

In all, 11 major restrictive indicators that will restrict socio-economic development in Shanghai are identified. The restrictive grades of the agricultural production, urban construction and ecological protection subspaces are mainly common, weak and weaker, and the relatively strong restrictive grade of industrial development subspace is mainly concentrated in the more developed industrial districts (counties). The areas of the common and good regions of constructive development and ecological development zones account for 87.4 and 98.3 per cent of each total area, respectively, and urban land still has significant development potential in Shanghai.

Originality/value

This paper proposes various urban land space evaluations and zoning strategies based on restrictive indicators and perspectives, enriching the ideas and methods of urban land use evaluation.
Preparation of TiO2/ZnO composite catalysts and their photocatalytic activity for degradation of pentachlorophenol
Authors: Xie Juan , Hao Yongjing , Li Meixia , Lian Yiwei , Bian Li
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to report a novel preparation method of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/zinc oxide (ZnO) composites with different mole ratios of TiO2:ZnO and their photocatalytic activity.

Design/methodology/approach

TiO2/ZnO composites are prepared by a facile route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and ultra-violet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) are used to characterize the products. Photocatalytic activity of the samples is evaluated by degradation of persistent organic pollutant pentachlorophenol under ultra-violet (UV) irradiation.

Findings

It is found that all the as-prepared TiO2/ZnO composites not only have good catalytic activity under UV light irradiation, but also have excellent circulation stability. The optimal mole ratio of TiO2:ZnO is 0.75:1.

Originality/value

This report presents a simple and rapid method for the preparation of TiO2/ZnO composites with excellent photocatalytic activity. Experimental results could provide useful reference for the treatment of chlorophenols in the future.
The stability of the casein–gluconate matrix in reduced‐lactose kefir with soluble fraction polysaccharides containing β‐glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Cais‐Sokolińska Dorota , Stachowiak Barbara , Kaczyński Łukasz K , Bierzuńska Paulina , Górna Barbara
Published: June 2017

In this experimental study, the soluble fraction of polysaccharides (SFP) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms, to stabilise the casein–gluconate kefir matrix. Soluble fraction of polysaccharides dissolved in water or in milk was added to the lactose‐reduced milk (0.5% w/v). Fermentation was carried out at 22 °C (to pH 4.4, 31°SH). Kefirs with SFP dissolved in the milk showed higher firmness, cohesiveness and consistency than the control kefir. The dissolving of SFP in the milk reduced spontaneous whey syneresis and prevented changes in water holding capacity. Soluble fraction of polysaccharides decreased the feeling of prickling in the kefirs and their mouth‐coating properties.
Beyond protest and discontent: A cross‐national analysis of the effect of populist attitudes and issue positions on populist party support
Authors: VAN HAUWAERT STEVEN M. , VAN KESSEL STIJN
Published: June 2017

Studies on populist parties – or ‘supply‐side populism’ more generally – are numerous. Nevertheless, the connection with demand‐side dynamics, and particularly the populist characteristics or tendencies of the electorate, requires more scholarly attention. This article examines in more detail the conditions underlying the support for populist parties, and in particular the role of populist attitudes amongst citizens. It asks two core questions: (1) are populist party supporters characterised by stronger populist attitudes than other party supporters, and (2) to what extent do populist (and other) attitudes contribute to their party preference? The analysis uses fixed effect models and relies on a cross‐sectional research design that uses unique survey data from 2015 and includes nine European countries. The results are threefold. First, in line with single‐country studies, populist attitudes are prominent among supporters of left‐ and right‐wing populist parties in particular. Second, populist attitudes are important predictors of populist party support in addition to left‐wing socioeconomic issue positions for left‐wing populist parties, and authoritarian and anti‐immigration issue positions for right‐wing populist parties. Third, populist attitudes moderate the effect of issue positions on the support for populist parties, particularly for individuals whose positions are further removed from the extreme ends of the economic or cultural policy scale. These findings suggest that strong populist attitudes may encourage some voters to support a populist party whose issue positions are incongruous with their own policy‐related preferences.
Effect of ethnicity on clinical presentation and risk of antiphospholipid syndrome in Roma and Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Manzano‐Gamero Victoria , Pardo‐Cabello Alfredo J. , Vargas‐Hitos José A. , Zamora‐Pasadas Mónica , Navarrete‐Navarrete Nuria , Sabio José M. , Jáimez‐Gámiz Laura , Ríos‐Fernandez Raquel , Ortego‐Centeno Norberto , Ayala‐Gutierrez M. Mar , de Ramón Enrique , Colodro‐Ruíz Agustín , Micó‐Giner Luisa , Castillo‐Palma María J. , Robles‐Marhuenda Ángel , Luna‐Del Castillo Juan de Dios , Jiménez‐Alonso Juan ,   the Spanish Autoimmune Diseases Study Group (GEAS)
Published: June 2017

Aim

To determine if there are ethnic differences in the prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), clinical presentation and autoantibody profile between Roma and Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Method

A cross‐sectional study was conducted including data from Roma and Caucasian SLE patients consecutively attending six hospitals in Spain. Socio‐demographic characteristics, prevalence of APS, clinical and analytical features of SLE and APS were compared between ethnic groups.

Results

Data from 52 Roma and 98 Caucasian SLE patients were included. Roma SLE patients had a higher risk (odds ratio 2.56, 95% CI 1.02–6.39) and prevalence of APS (28.8% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.027). Furthermore, Roma SLE patients had a statistically significant higher prevalence of abortions (23.5% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.049). In relation to other APS diagnostic criteria, Roma SLE patients had a non‐statistically significant higher prevalence of fetal deaths (14.3% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.106) and thrombotic events (21.1% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.160). In relation to SLE clinical features, Roma patients had a significantly higher prevalence of arthritis (75% vs. 57.1%, P = 0.034) and non‐significant higher prevalence of serositis (44.2% vs. 29.6%, P = 0.104), discoid lesions (11.5% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.191), oral ulcers (46.1% vs. 34.7%, P = 0.218) and livedo reticularis (21.1% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.374). No statistically significant differences were found in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index or the autoimmune serological profile.

Conclusion

Prevalence and risk of APS were significantly higher in Roma SLE patients. Furthermore, Roma patients had a significantly higher prevalence of abortions and a non‐significant higher prevalence of fetal deaths and thrombotic events.
Inference of selection gradients using performance measures as fitness proxies
Authors: Franklin Oliver D. , Morrissey Michael B.
Published: June 2017

Selection coefficients, i.e. selection differentials and gradients, are useful for quantifying selection and for making comparisons across traits and organisms, because they appear in known equations for relating selection and genetic variation to one another and to evolutionary change. However, selection coefficients can only be estimated in organisms where traits and fitness (components) can be measured. This is probably a major contributor to taxonomic biases of selection studies. Aspects of organismal performance, i.e. quantities that are likely to be positively related to fitness components, such as body size, are sometimes used as proxies for fitness, i.e. used in place of fitness components in regression‐based selection analysis. To date, little theory exists to inform empirical studies about whether such procedures may yield selection coefficients with known relationships to genetic variation and evolution.

We show that the conditions under which performance measures can be used as proxies for fitness are very limited. Such analyses require that the regression of fitness on the proxy is linear and goes through the origin. We illustrate how fitness proxies may be used in conjunction with information about the performance–fitness relationship, and clarify how this is different from substituting fitness proxies for fitness components in selection analyses.

We apply proxy‐based and fitness component‐based selection analysis to a system where traits, a performance measure (size; similar to proxies that are commonly used in place of fitness), and a more proximate fitness measure, are all available on the same set of individuals. We find that proxy‐based selection gradients are poorly reflective of selection gradients estimated using fitness components, even when proxy–fitness relationships are quite strong and reasonably linear.

We discuss the implications for proxy‐based selection analysis. We emphasise that measures of organismal performance, such as size, may in many cases provide useful information that can contribute to quantitative inferences about natural selection, and their use could allow quantitative inference about selection to be conducted in a wider range of taxa. However, such inferences require quantitative analysis of both trait–performance and performance–fitness relationships, rather than substitution of performance for measures of fitness or fitness components.
Dietary α‐ketoglutarate supplementation improves hepatic and intestinal energy status and anti‐oxidative capacity of Cherry Valley ducks
Authors: Guo Shuangshuang , Duan Rui , Wang Lei , Hou Yongqing , Tan Linglin , Cheng Qiang , Liao Man , Ding Binying
Published: June 2017

α‐Ketoglutarate (AKG) is an extensively used dietary supplement in human and animal nutrition. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of dietary AKG supplementation on the energy status and anti‐oxidative capacity in liver and intestinal mucosa of Cherry Valley ducks. A total of 80 1‐day‐old ducks were randomly assigned into four groups, in which ducks were fed basal diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% AKG, respectively. Graded doses of AKG supplementation linearly decreased the ratio of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver, but increased ATP content and adenylate energy charge (AEC) in a quadratic and linear manner, respectively (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary AKG supplemental levels produced linear positive responses in ATP content and AEC, and negative responses in AMP concentration, the ratio of AMP to ATP and total adenine nucleotide in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). All levels of dietary AKG reduced the production of jejunal hydrogen peroxide and hepatic malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). Hepatic and ileal messenger RNA expression of AMP kinase α‐1 and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α were linearly up‐regulated as dietary AKG supplemental levels increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary AKG supplementation linearly or quadratically enhanced hepatic and intestinal energy storage and anti‐oxidative capacity of Cherry Valley ducks.
Dynamics of cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of indigenous and exotic breeds of pigs in India
Authors: Kirthika Perumalraja , Ali Mohammad Ayub , Behera Parthasarathi , Subudhi Prasant Kumar , Tolenkhomba Thingujam Chaa , Gali Jagan Mohanarao
Published: June 2017

To incorporate immune competence traits in swine breeding programs, association between immune responsiveness and susceptibility to specific infectious diseases must be established. In order to understand the differences in immune competence between indigenous (Zovawk) and exotic (Large White Yorkshire: LWY) pigs reared in India, we carried out a time course expression analysis of immune‐regulating key cytokine genes (interleukin (IL)‐2, interferon (IFN)‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐10) in the phytohemagglutinin‐P stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The IL‐2 transcript levels in PBMCs increased several thousand‐fold when compared to unstimulated cells in both the breeds, albeit the response in that of Zovawk was remarkably higher. Higher and earlier IFN‐γ and IL‐4 expression levels in Zovawk pigs suggest that both TH1 and TH2 immune responsiveness of this indigenous breed affords better preparedness for danger signals. Moreover, the low expression levels of IL‐10 depict a regulated adaptive immune responsiveness. Remarkable difference between the two breeds of the pigs is evident showing a clear advantage of the Zovawk over LWY in terms of a shorter lag period of adaptive immune response. These findings provide a lead for understanding the genetic differences with respect to immune competence levels of indigenous pigs compared to exotic counterparts.
Extension of the culture period for the in vitro growth of bovine oocytes in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein‐4 increases oocyte diameter, but impairs subsequent developmental competence
Authors: Yang Yinghua , Kanno Chihiro , Sakaguchi Kenichiro , Yanagawa Yojiro , Katagiri Seiji , Nagano Masashi
Published: June 2017

Bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) inhibits luteinization of granulosa cells during in vitro growth (IVG) culture of bovine oocytes; however, oocytes derived from a 12 day IVG were less competent for development than in vivo‐grown oocytes. We herein investigated whether an extended IVG culture with BMP‐4 improves oocyte growth and development to blastocysts after in vitro fertilization. Oocyte‐granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were cultured for 14 or 16 days with BMP‐4 (10 ng/mL), while a 12 day culture with BMP‐4 served as the in vitro control. OGC viability was maintained for the 16 day culture with BMP‐4 (83.2%), but was significantly lower without BMP‐4 (58.9%) than the control (83.0%). Prolong‐cultured oocytes at 16 days had statistically greater diameter (114.6 μm) than the control (111.7 μm). IVG oocytes with BMP‐4 for the 16 day culture had a similar nuclear maturation rate to the control (approximately 67%); however, blastocyst rates in BMP‐4 treated oocytes of 14 (1.8%) and 16 day (0%) IVG were statistically lower than that of 12 day IVG (9.0%). In conclusion, BMP‐4 maintained OGC viability and promoted oocyte growth in a prolonged culture, but impaired the developmental competence of oocytes. Prolonged culture may not be an appropriate strategy for enhancing the developmental competence of IVG oocytes.
The IGF‐1/Akt/S6 pathway and expressions of glycolytic myosin heavy chain isoforms are upregulated in chicken skeletal muscle during the first week after hatching
Authors: Saneyasu Takaoki , Tsuchihashi Tatsuya , Kitashiro Ayana , Tsuchii Nami , Kimura Sayaka , Honda Kazuhisa , Kamisoyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2017

Skeletal muscle mass is an important trait in the animal industry. We previously reported an age‐dependent downregulation of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)/Akt/S6 pathway, major protein synthesis pathway, in chicken breast muscle after 1 week of age, despite a continuous increase of breast muscle weight. Myosin heavy chain (HC), a major protein in muscle fiber, has several isoforms depending on chicken skeletal muscle types. HC I (fast‐twitch glycolytic type) is known to be expressed in adult chicken breast muscle. However, little is known about the changes in the expression levels of protein synthesis‐related factors and HC isoforms in perihatching chicken muscle. In the present study, protein synthesis‐related factors, such as IGF‐1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, phosphorylation of Akt, and phosphorylated S6 content, increased in an age‐dependent manner after post‐hatch day (D) 0. The mRNA levels of HC I, III and V (fast‐twitch glycolytic type) dramatically increased after D0. The increase ratio of breast muscle weight was approximately 1100% from D0 to D7. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence that upregulation of protein synthesis pathway and transcription of fast twitch glycolytic HC isoforms play critical roles in the increase of chicken breast muscle weight during the first week after hatching.