bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Recommendation System by Leveraging the Semantics of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Proof-of-Concept Prototype Development
Authors: Ammar Nariman , Shaban-Nejad Arash
Published: October 2020

Background

The study of adverse childhood experiences and their consequences has emerged over the past 20 years. Although the conclusions from these studies are available, the same is not true of the data. Accordingly, it is a complex problem to build a training set and develop machine-learning models from these studies. Classic machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques cannot provide a full scientific understanding of the inner workings of the underlying models. This raises credibility issues due to the lack of transparency and generalizability. Explainable artificial intelligence is an emerging approach for promoting credibility, accountability, and trust in mission-critical areas such as medicine by combining machine-learning approaches with explanatory techniques that explicitly show what the decision criteria are and why (or how) they have been established. Hence, thinking about how machine learning could benefit from knowledge graphs that combine “common sense” knowledge as well as semantic reasoning and causality models is a potential solution to this problem.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to leverage explainable artificial intelligence, and propose a proof-of-concept prototype for a knowledge-driven evidence-based recommendation system to improve mental health surveillance.

Methods

We used concepts from an ontology that we have developed to build and train a question-answering agent using the Google DialogFlow engine. In addition to the question-answering agent, the initial prototype includes knowledge graph generation and recommendation components that leverage third-party graph technology.

Results

To showcase the framework functionalities, we here present a prototype design and demonstrate the main features through four use case scenarios motivated by an initiative currently implemented at a children’s hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Ongoing development of the prototype requires implementing an optimization algorithm of the recommendations, incorporating a privacy layer through a personal health library, and conducting a clinical trial to assess both usability and usefulness of the implementation.

Conclusions

This semantic-driven explainable artificial intelligence prototype can enhance health care practitioners’ ability to provide explanations for the decisions they make.
Implementation of Electronic Informed Consent in Biomedical Research and Stakeholders’ Perspectives: Systematic Review
Authors: De Sutter Evelien , Zaçe Drieda , Boccia Stefania , Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Geerts David , Borry Pascal , Huys Isabelle
Published: October 2020

Background

Informed consent is one of the key elements in biomedical research. The introduction of electronic informed consent can be a way to overcome many challenges related to paper-based informed consent; however, its novel opportunities remain largely unfulfilled due to several barriers.

Objective

We aimed to provide an overview of the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives of multiple stakeholder groups in order to assist responsible implementation of electronic informed consent in biomedical research.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search using Web of Science (Core collection), PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, and PsycARTICLES. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used for reporting this work. We included empirical full-text studies focusing on the concept of electronic informed consent in biomedical research covering the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface domains. Studies written in English and published from January 2010 onward were selected. We explored perspectives of different stakeholder groups, in particular researchers, research participants, health authorities, and ethics committees. We critically appraised literature included in the systematic review using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and cross-sectional studies, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative studies, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for mixed methods studies, and Jadad tool for randomized controlled trials.

Results

A total of 40 studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies were heterogeneous in the type of study design, population, intervention, research context, and the tools used. Most of the studies’ populations were research participants (ie, patients and healthy volunteers). The majority of studies addressed barriers to achieving adequate understanding when using electronic informed consent. Concerns shared by multiple stakeholder groups were related to the security and legal validity of an electronic informed consent platform and usability for specific groups of research participants.

Conclusions

Electronic informed consent has the potential to improve the informed consent process in biomedical research compared to the current paper-based consent. The ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives outlined in this review might serve to enhance the future implementation of electronic informed consent.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020158979; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=158979
Development of an Item Bank to Measure Medication Adherence: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kwan Yu Heng , Oo Livia Jia Yi , Loh Dionne Hui Fang , Phang Jie Kie , Weng Si Dun , Blalock Dan V , Chew Eng Hui , Yap Kai Zhen , Tan Corrinne Yong Koon , Yoon Sungwon , Fong Warren , Østbye Truls , Low Lian Leng , Bosworth Hayden Barry , Thumboo Julian
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Medication adherence is important in managing the progression of chronic diseases. A promising approach to reduce cognitive burden when measuring medication adherence lies in the use of computer‐adaptive tests (CATs) or in the development of shorter patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). However, the lack of an item bank currently hampers this progress.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to develop an item bank to measure general medication adherence.

METHODS

Using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA), articles published before October 2019 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Items from existing PROMs were classified and selected (“binned” and “winnowed”) according to standards published by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cooperative Group.

RESULTS

A total of 126 unique PROMs were identified from 213 studies in 48 countries. Items from the literature review (47 PROMs with 579 items for which permission has been obtained) underwent binning and winnowing. This resulted in 421 candidate items (77 extent of adherence and 344 reasons for adherence).

CONCLUSIONS

We developed an item bank for measuring general medication adherence using items from validated PROMs. This will allow researchers to create new PROMs from selected items and provide the foundation to develop CATs.
Implementation of Electronic Informed Consent in Biomedical Research and Stakeholders’ Perspectives: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: De Sutter Evelien , Zaçe Drieda , Boccia Stefania , Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Geerts David , Borry Pascal , Huys Isabelle
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Informed consent is one of the key elements in biomedical research. The introduction of electronic informed consent can be a way to overcome many challenges related to paper-based informed consent; however, its novel opportunities remain largely unfulfilled due to several barriers.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to provide an overview of the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives of multiple stakeholder groups in order to assist responsible implementation of electronic informed consent in biomedical research.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic literature search using Web of Science (Core collection), PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, and PsycARTICLES. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used for reporting this work. We included empirical full-text studies focusing on the concept of electronic informed consent in biomedical research covering the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface domains. Studies written in English and published from January 2010 onward were selected. We explored perspectives of different stakeholder groups, in particular researchers, research participants, health authorities, and ethics committees. We critically appraised literature included in the systematic review using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and cross-sectional studies, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative studies, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for mixed methods studies, and Jadad tool for randomized controlled trials.

RESULTS

A total of 40 studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies were heterogeneous in the type of study design, population, intervention, research context, and the tools used. Most of the studies’ populations were research participants (ie, patients and healthy volunteers). The majority of studies addressed barriers to achieving adequate understanding when using electronic informed consent. Concerns shared by multiple stakeholder groups were related to the security and legal validity of an electronic informed consent platform and usability for specific groups of research participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Electronic informed consent has the potential to improve the informed consent process in biomedical research compared to the current paper-based consent. The ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives outlined in this review might serve to enhance the future implementation of electronic informed consent.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020158979; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=158979
Barriers and Enablers to Using a Patient-Facing Electronic Questionnaire: A Qualitative Theoretical Domains Framework Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yamada Janet , Kouri Andrew , Simard Sarah-Nicole , Segovia Stephanie A , Gupta Samir
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Electronic patient questionnaires are becoming ubiquitous in health care. To address care gaps that contribute to poor asthma management, we developed the Electronic Asthma Management System, which includes a previsit electronic patient questionnaire linked to a computerized clinical decision support system.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the determinants (barriers and enablers) of patient uptake and completion of a previsit mobile health questionnaire.

METHODS

We conducted semistructured interviews with adult patients with asthma in Toronto, Canada. After demonstrating the questionnaire, participants completed the questionnaire using their smartphones and were then interviewed regarding perceived barriers and enablers to using and completing the questionnaire. Interview questions were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify the determinants of health-related behavior. We generated themes that addressed the enablers and barriers to the uptake and completion of the questionnaire.

RESULTS

In total, 12 participants were interviewed for saturation. Key enablers were as follows: the questionnaire was easy to complete without additional knowledge or skills and was perceived as a priority and responsibility for patients, use could lead to more efficient and personalized care, completion on one’s own time would be convenient, and uptake and completion could be optimized through patient reminders. Concerns about data security, the usefulness of questionnaire data, the stress of completing it accurately and on time, competing priorities, and preferences to complete the questionnaire on other devices were the main barriers.

CONCLUSIONS

The barriers and enablers identified by patients should be addressed by developing implementation strategies to enhance e-questionnaire use and completion by patients. As the use of e-questionnaires grows, our findings will contribute to implementation efforts across settings and diseases.
The Analgesic Effect of Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback for People With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Hesam-Shariati Negin , Chang Wei-Ju , McAuley James H , Booth Andrew , Trost Zina , Lin Chin-Teng , Newton-John Toby , Gustin Sylvia M
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic pain is a global health problem, affecting around 1 in 5 individuals in the general population. The understanding of the key role of functional brain alterations in the generation of chronic pain has led researchers to focus on pain treatments that target brain activity. Electroencephalographic neurofeedback attempts to modulate the power of maladaptive electroencephalography frequency powers to decrease chronic pain. Although several studies have provided promising evidence, the effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback on chronic pain is uncertain.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials to evaluate the analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback. In addition, we will synthesize the findings of nonrandomized studies in a narrative review.

METHODS

We will apply the search strategy in 5 electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL) for published studies and in clinical trial registries for completed unpublished studies. We will include studies that used electroencephalographic neurofeedback as an intervention for people with chronic pain. Risk-of-bias tools will be used to assess methodological quality of the included studies. We will include randomized controlled trials if they have compared electroencephalographic neurofeedback with any other intervention or placebo control. The data from randomized controlled trials will be aggregated to perform a meta-analysis for quantitative synthesis. The primary outcome measure is pain intensity assessed by self-report scales. Secondary outcome measures include depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality measured by self-reported questionnaires. We will investigate the studies for additional outcomes addressing adverse effects and resting-state electroencephalography analysis. Additionally, all types of nonrandomized studies will be included for a narrative synthesis. The intended and unintended effects of nonrandomized studies will be extracted and summarized in a descriptive table.

RESULTS

Ethics approval is not required for a systematic review, as there will be no patient involvement. The search for this systematic review commenced in July 2020, and we expect to publish the findings in early 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review will provide recommendations for researchers and health professionals, as well as people with chronic pain, about the evidence for the analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020177608; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=177608

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/22821
Feasibility, Efficacy, and Efficiency of eHealth-Supported Pediatric Asthma Care: Six-Month Quasi-Experimental Single-Arm Pretest-Posttest Study (Preprint)
Authors: van der Kamp Mattienne , Reimering Hartgerink Pamela , Driessen Jean , Thio Bernard , Hermens Hermie , Tabak Monique
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Early detection of loss of asthma control can effectively reduce the burden of the disease. However, broad implementation in clinical practice has not been accomplished so far. We are in need of research investigating the operationalization of eHealth pediatric asthma care in practice, which can provide the most potential benefits in terms of adoption, efficiency, and effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the technical and clinical feasibility, including an exploration of the efficacy and cost-efficiency, of an eHealth program implemented in daily clinical pediatric asthma practice.

METHODS

We designed an eHealth-supported pediatric asthma program facilitating early detection of loss of asthma control while increasing symptom awareness and self-management. In the 6-month program, asthma control was monitored by 4 health care professionals (HCPs) by using objective home measurements and the web-based Puffer app to allow timely medical anticipation and prevent treatment delay. Technical feasibility was assessed by technology use, system usability, and technology acceptance. Clinical feasibility was assessed by participation and patient-reported health and care outcomes and via a focus group with HCPs regarding their experiences of implementing eHealth in daily practice. The efficacy and cost-efficiency were explored by comparing pretest-posttest program differences in asthma outcomes (asthma control, lung function, and therapy adherence) and medical consumption.

RESULTS

Of 41 children, 35 children with moderate-to-severe asthma volunteered for participation. With regard to technical feasibility, the Puffer app scored a good usability score of 78 on the System Usability Scale and a score of 70 for technology acceptance on a scale of 1 to 100. Approximately 75% (18/24) of the children indicated that eHealth helped them to control their asthma during the program. HCPs indicated that home measurements and real time communication enabled them to make safe and substantiated medical decisions during symptom manifestations. With an average time commitment of 15 minutes by patients, eHealth care led to a 80% gross reduction (from €71,784 to €14,018, US $1=€0.85) in health care utilization, 8.6% increase (from 18.6 to 20.2, P=.40) in asthma control, 25.0% increase (from 2.8 to 3.5, P=.04) in the self-management level, and 20.4% improved (from 71.2 to 76.8, P=.02) therapy adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

eHealth asthma care seems to be technically and clinically feasible, enables safe remote care, and seems to be beneficial for pediatric asthma care in terms of health outcomes and health care utilization. Follow-up research should focus on targeted effectiveness studies with the lessons learned, while also enabling individualization of eHealth for personalized health care.
An internet-based simulation drill to determine the optimal preparation of medical supply for prehospital emergencies and disasters (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Chien-Hao , Tay Joyce , Tsai Chu-Lin , Chou Wei-Kuo , Cheng Ming-Tai , Wu Cheng-Yi , Liu Hung-Chieh , Hsu Shu-Hsien , Shih Frank Fuh-Yuan , Lin Chih-Hao
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Mass casualties caused by natural disasters and man-made events may overwhelm local emergency medical services and healthcare systems. Logistics is essential to a successful emergency medical response. Drills have been used in disaster preparedness to validate plans, policies, procedures, and agreements, and identify resource gaps. The application of the internet to facilitate the conduct of exercise was still limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the optimal preparation of medical supplies by medical emergency response teams during emergencies and disasters using an internet-based drill.

METHODS

An internet-based drill based on real-life mass casualty incidents (MCIs) was developed and conducted in Taiwan from June 2017 to July 2018. The drill involved an MCI with 50 events delivered under two scenarios: 1) reduced transfer capacity and well-functioning local healthcare facilities (emergency module); 2) severely reduced transfer capacity and dysfunctional local health care facilities (disaster module). For each event, medical supplies commonly prepared by local medical emergency response teams in Taiwan were listed in structured questionnaires and participants selected the supplies they would use.

RESULTS

Forty-three senior medical emergency responders participated in the survey (responding rate of 47.3%). Resuscitation-related supplies increased from emergency to disaster module (e.g., intubation from 9.1% to 13.9%; dopamine from 3.2% to 5.0%;p<0.001 for all). In the subgroup analysis of events with life-threatening injuries, the utilization of resuscitation -related supplies (e.g., intubation from 46.6% to 65.3%; p<0.001) remained higher in the disaster than in the emergency module. Compared to emergency medical technicians, physicians and nurses are more likely to use intravenous/intramuscular analgesics.

CONCLUSIONS

The severity of scenarios and the professional background of emergency responders have a different utilization of medical supplies in the simulation drill. The internet-based drill may contribute to optimize preparedness of medical response to prehospital emergencies and disasters.drill; internet; emergency management; resource management; disaster medical assistance team
Correction: Building a Digital Tool for the Adoption of the World Health Organization’s Antenatal Care Recommendations: Methodological Intersection of Evidence, Clinical Logic, and Digital Technology (Preprint)
Authors: Haddad Samira M , Souza Renato T , Cecatti Jose Guilherme , Barreix Maria , Tamrat Tigest , Footitt Carolyn , Mehl Garrett L , Syah Inraini F , Shankar Anuraj H , Tunçalp Özge
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Spectral Characteristics of Plastic Debris in the Beach: Case Study of Makassar Coastal Area
Authors: Faizal Ahmad , Werorilangi Shinta , Samad Wasir
Published: October 2020

Plastic debris becomes a global problem that threatens the coastal ecosystems, and the supralittoral area (beach) turns to be a place for plastic debris to accumulate. Data from the United Nations (UN) states that Indonesia is the second plastic debris contributor in world waters. This study aimed to examine the spectral characteristics of plastic debris accumulated on the beach. The data was collected from the coast of Makassar at 3 different stations: Jenneberang  River estuary, Losari  Beach and Tallo River estuary. The spectral sample was measured using a 4000 A spectroradiometer that works on a wavelength spectrum of 340 - 1040 nm. The results showed that the optimum value for plastic debris identification in the coastal area at low tide (dry sand) is 450-670 nm and at high tide (wet sand) is 450-950 nm.  This value will be a reference in the remote sensing method, especially multispectral classification in mapping plastic debris found in coastal areas, and will be one solution to effectively mapping plastic debris.
Impact of Land-Use Change on Soil Carbon Dynamics in Tropical Peatland, West Kalimantan- Indonesia
Authors: Nusantara Rossie Wiedya , Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Djohan Tjut S. , Haryono Eko
Published: October 2020

The conversion of tropical peat forest to other land uses can reduce organic carbon (C) and stable C isotope (δ13C) of peat soil. This research aimed at analyzing the soil organic-C and δ13C of peatland with respect to maturity (fibric, hemic and sapric) in five types of peatland use, which included primary peat forest, secondary peat forest, shrubs, oil palm plantations, and cornfield in West Kalimantan. Analysis of peat soil samples includes organic C with Loss in ignition method and δ13C  using an isotope ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS) method. Organic-C at fibric was higher than hemic and sapric, respectively (57.2%, 57.0%, 56.4%), meanwhile, organic-C was the highest on primary peat forest, followed by on secondary peat forest, oil palm plantation, cornfield, and shrubs, respectively 57.1%, 57.0%, 56.4%, 56.0%. The cause of increasing and decreasing organic C and δ13C due to land-use change due to changes in vegetation, burning during tillage, and age of organic matter of peat soil. This condition causes the opening of natural peat ecosystems and changes in anaerobic to aerobic conditions.
The Effect of Land Unit Elimination on The Conservation Activity Plan at Air Bengkulu Watershed, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Sulistyo Bambang , Barchia Muhammad Faiz , Hindarto Kanang Setyo , Listyaningrum Noviyanti
Published: October 2020

To enable conservation of degraded land requires Map of Conservation Activity Plan (CAP). The map is established based on a model developed by the then Ministry of Environment and Forestry. One step to analyze the CAP is land unit elimination (LUE) having area of < 1 cm2. This study aimed to determine the effect of LUE on the CAP at Air Bengkulu Watershed. Maps used for input to CAP are EHL (Erosion Hazard Level), Soil Depth, Slope, Population Pressure, and the Recommended Landuse, whereas to calculate EHL requires R, K, LS, C, and P Factors. CAP Map as a result without involving LUE is compared to the CAP Map with involving LUE. The research result showed that the LUE influences on the change of the recommended of the CAP up to 77.6% of the total area of the study, either in engineering recommended or in vegetatively recommended conservation, while the rest (22.4%) were unchanged.
Social Entrepreneurship in the Leadership of Grassroots Innovation Movement: A Case Study of Joglo Tani in Yogyakarta
Authors: Setiadi Setiadi
Published: October 2020

This article is based on a case study in Joglo Tani, a local organization that focuses its programs on promoting new agricultural technology and urban farming while promoting food security for local people. It represents what characterizes the grassroots movement while destroying negative opinion about grassroots innovation. The success of Joglo Tani is influenced by the quality of leadership as social entrepreneurs as well as the quality of the network of activists and an organization that produce new, bottom-up solutions, and the ability of the solutions they produce to address local situations, concerning individual and social problems. The organizing of Joglo Tani innovations in the local realm has brought about a process of social transformation in rural areas, particularly in resource management and the system for organizing agricultural work. Through a voluntary movement, informal networks, and the ability to manage the potential of the environment, leadership is able to carry out the transformation process on an increasingly massive scale. This study proves that leadership in a bottom-up movement of ‘activist and organizational networks’ has succeeded in responding to the challenges of food supply limitations, moving towards sustainable food through instilling fundamental values of organizational life and technological breakthroughs as well as local institutions. Methodologically, the research was conducted through a comprehensive literature study stage related to grassroots innovation movements, while primary data collection was carried out through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, social and conventional media analysis, and interviews with community figures.
Wong Ndhuwur, Wong Ngisor: Local Community and Post-disaster Tourism in Kinahrejo
Authors: Susanto Jordyna Austine Xaviera , Sushartami Wiwik
Published: October 2020

This research has two objectives. First, it aims to determine the perspective of the local community towards the commodification of disaster tourism in Kinahrejo, one year following the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi. Second, it aims to identify the implication of the local community’s involvement in the new tourism activities. Referring to the indicators of residents’ perceptions of involvement in post-disaster tourism development (Wright, 2014), semi-structured interviews of seven informants were conducted and several more casual conversations were held with a larger group. Two types of responses from the local community were indicated based on the respondents’ varying involvement in tourism activities. On one hand, members of the local community who benefit from employment in tourism activities have positive perspectives towards the commodification of disaster tourism in Kinahrejo. On the other hand, those who do not participate in tourism activities regard it negatively as it is not beneficial to them. Another important finding shows that the variation in involvement in the new tourism activities has caused a split in the community into two groups, namely wong ndhuwur and wong ngisor.
ОПТИМАЛЬНОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ СЕРИЙНОГО ВАКУУМНОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ НАНЕСЕНИЯ И ТРАВЛЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ, А ТАКЖЕ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ИЗДЕЛИЙ
Authors: Крылов М.Л. , Поляков В.А.
Published: October 2020

Разработаны и внедрены принципы оптимального проектирования вакуумного технологического оборудования на основе теории математических игр и теории нечетких множеств, позволяющие существенно сократить сроки проектирования и себестоимость изготовления установок нанесения, травления, термической обработки функциональных покрытий. Показан принцип разработки предлагаемой установки нанесения покрытий и дано краткое описание функциональных возможностей.
ИСПЫТАНИЯ КОМПЛЕКТА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ И БАЗОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЭКБ НА ПЛАСТИНАХ ДИАМЕТРОМ 200 ММ С УРОВНЕМ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 180-65 НМ
Authors: Варакин В.М. , Гвоздев В.А. , Долгополов В.М. , Иракин П.А. , Кузнецов П.И. , Мицын Н.Г. , Одиноков В.В. , Панин В.В. , Резванов А.А. , Шубников А.В.
Published: October 2020

Представлены результаты предварительных испытаний опытного образца вакуумной кластерной установки, а также процессов атомно-слоевого осаждения, травления гладких щелей, глубоких отверстий в кремниевых пластинах и удаления полимеров из этих отверстий.
УСТОЙЧИВЫЕ К ОШИБКАМ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ПЕРЕПРОГРАММИРУЕМЫХ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ИНТЕРФЕРОМЕТРОВ ДЛЯ КВАНТОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: Сайгин М.Ю. , Дьяконов И.В. , Флджян С.А. , Кондратьев И.В. , Страупе С.С. , Кулик С.П.
Published: October 2020

Предложены две архитектуры многоканальных интерферометров, способных реализовывать широкий класс многоканальных линейных оптических преобразований, необходимых для квантовой обработки информации. Интерферометры отличаются высокой степенью устойчивости к ошибкам, возникающим на этапе их изготовления, намного превышающей все известные аналоги.
Bienales Internacionales de Arquitectura de São Paulo: notas para una visión retrospectiva del cambio de milenio
Authors: Tavares Rosalino Alisson , Victal Jane
Published: October 2020

Este artículo espera contribuir a la comprensión del papel desempeñado por las principales exposiciones de arquitectura, en particular el caso de la Bienal Internacional de Arquitectura de São Paulo (BIA), como espacio de debate y formación de redes de diálogos transnacionales, además de su importancia en la presentación de exponentes que asumirían posiciones prominentes en periodos posteriores. La 4ª BIA de 1999 es considerada como una referencia, un momento crucial que guiaría la producción y los debates de la arquitectura en el nuevo milenio. 
One-stage and two-stage breast reconstruction have no meaningful difference in patient quality of life
Authors: Mansoor Amer
Published: October 2020

A clinical decision report appraising Negenborn VL, Young-Afat DA, Dikmans REG, et al. Quality of life and patient satisfaction after one-stage implant-based breast reconstruction with an acellular dermal matrix versus two-stage breast reconstruction (BRIOS): primary outcome of a randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncology. 2018;19(9):1205-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30378-4.
Septic shock better controlled with earlier administration of norepinephrine
Authors: Durham Steve
Published: October 2020

A clinical decision report appraising

Elbouhy MA, Soliman M, Gaber A, Taema KM, Abdel-Aziz A. Early use of norepinephrine improves survival in septic shock: earlier than early. Archives of Medical Research. 2019;50(6):325–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.10.003
Association between Anti-MÃ¼llerian Hormone and other biomarkers with ovarian function in polycystic ovarian syndrome of Iraqi women
Authors: Al-Lami Huda Basim , Al-Tuâ€™ma Fadhil Jawad , Al-Safi Wasan Ghazi
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the role of of Anti-MÃ¼llerian hormone and other hormonal biomarkers and insulin resistance in pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome of Iraqi women with various ages and BMI.

Method: The sublects include 50 cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome obtained from gynecological and obstetric teaching hospital, Kerbala health directorate / Kerbala â€“ Iraq and another 50 apparently healthy women as a control group. with age ranged between (18-37) years during the period from Dec. 2019 to June, 2020 which was divided into two groups depending upon their age; first group with age (18-27) years and the second with age (28-37) years, also they divided into three subgroups depending upon the body mass index, normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), obesity (30-34.9 kg/m2) and  measurement of various hormonal levels were performed including LH, FSH, insulin, insulin resistance, total testosterone and anti-mÃ¼llerian hormone.

Results: A significant elevated levels of each of Anti-MÃ¼llerian hormone (AMH), insulin, LH, total testosterone, prolactin, fasting blood glucose, FBG and insulin resistance while, a non-significant differences was found in FSH levels in women with PCOS as compared with control group.

Conclusion: A significant high levels of the all hormonal parameters including anti-mÃ¼llerian hormone, LH, prolactin and total testosterone  was found in women with PCOS as compared with the control, except the FSH values.
Abraham Lincoln, Nativism, and Citizenship
Authors: Steiner Mark E.
Published: October 2020

Nativist movements in the United States in the 1840s and 1850s aimed to restrict the rights of recent immigrants because of their religion or ethnicity. During Abraham Lincoln’s pre-presidential political career, he twice confronted such movements in his home state of Illinois. He opposed nativism, believing that adherence to the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence would unify native-born and naturalized Ame
ricans.
Bioethics in Correlation with the Principle of Human Dignity
Authors: Osipova Sanita
Published: October 2020

The modern science is offering to expand opportunities open to a person, for example, to improve a person’s intellectual abilities, to cure the incurable or to prolong lives by such manipulations that were not available before. Legal solutions to these problems cannot be found without the discourse on bioethics. Bioethics pertains to a number of issues that are of vital importance for society, for example, euthanasia, organ transplants, reproductive medicine, the limits and methods of patient care. All principles of bioethics have been created to protect the human being. In this respect, bioethical requirements correlate with a person’s fundamental rights and legally they should be examined within the scope of human dignity. The implementation of scientific findings in the society is strictly limited by fundamental human rights. The constitutional courts, abiding by the bioethical principles, should provide the balance between the person’s own responsibility with that of the State regarding respecting the human dignity and retaining humanity also in the age of technologies.
Jānis Pliekšāns’ (Rainis’) “Formula of Happiness”
Authors: Lazdiņš Jānis
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on the analysis of the understanding of “formula of happiness” of Jānis Pliekšāns (Rainis), lawyer, philosopher and the most famous Latvian poet. Rainis’ works were created at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries. This is the time when the legal consciousness of the Latvian State was evolving and the Republic of Latvia was proclaimed (1918). Rainis’ views in the philosophy of law were significantly influenced by the theory of Marxism and the fight for rights described by Rudolf von Ihering. Rainis’ “formula of happiness” means interminable self-improvement in the struggle for personal happiness with the aim of leading the whole humanity towards happiness. The ultimate happiness is work for the benefit of all people.
Artificial Intelligence and Civil Liability
Authors: Kārkliņš Jānis
Published: October 2020

Although modern innovations already provide an artificial intelligence-driven devices or software’s capability to function fully autonomously without the involvement of any person, the issue of the specificity of the application of civil liability is, inter alia, weighed at the European Union level. This is linked to the current legal framework of the European Union and its Member States, which has been developed and adopted over a period of time when the operation of devices or software has requested at least an indirect involvement of a person in order to execute a specific task. In contrast, contemporary technological achievements in the design of artificial intelligence provide the ability of an artificial intelligence-driven device and software to take independent decisions regarding the conduct of a particular activity, or, on the contrary, on abstaining from carrying out a particular activity, without any person’s involvement. In such circumstances, there is a need to review and reassess the content of the existing regulation with regard to the application of civil liability both in the fault liability and in the model of strict liability (including product liability), and to establish certainty in the conceptual understanding of artificial intelligence and its isolation from simple process automation.
Application of the Concept of Indirect Discrimination by Latvian Courts
Authors: Dupate Kristīne
Published: October 2020

The article provides the analysis of Latvian national court practice on application of the concept of non-discrimination. The concept was introduced into Latvian legal system by EU law. The definition and case law of the CJEU on indirect discrimination cases demonstrate numerous aspects to be taken into account for the correct application of respective concept. As the concept of indirect discrimination is new in Latvian legal system and, in addition, its complex national court practice reveals numerous aspects posing difficulties in its precise and correct application.
Method Development for the Simultaneous Estimation of Etamsylate and Tranexamic Acid by UPLC/Pda in Bulk and Formulation.
Authors: Mohanrao Tammi setty  , Balasekhara Reddy Challa  , Srinivasa Babu Puttagunta
Published: October 2020

Selective  and  novel  method  has  been  optimized  for  evaluation  of  Ethamsylate  and  Tranexamic  acid  in  bulk, formulation and equipment cleaning samples by UPLC-PDA. The method was developed with the Buffer (pH: 7.0): Acetonitrile, (75:25%, v/v) using the Acquity BEH C18,1.7µ.m,2.1mmX50mm analytical column with analysis time of five minutes. The flow of mobile phase through column was 0.8ml/min.The sample volume was 5 µL. The detection was carried at 260nm in a photodiode array detector. The retention times of Ethamsylate and Tranexamic acid were 1.121 min and 2.122 min respectively. The correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.9997 with linear range of 2.5-30.0 µg/ml for EtamsylateFor Tranexamic acid 5µg/ml-60.0 µg/ml .The correlation coefficient (r2) for Tranexamic acid was found to be 1.000. The LOQ for the Ethamsylate and Tranexamic acid was 25ng/ml and 50ng/ml respectively. The developed method was applied for the bulk,formulation and equipment cleaning samples.The results were found satisfactory.Hence the developed method was proved more accurate and sensitive.It can be used at all the stages in pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality control for evaluating of Ethamsylate and Tranexamic acid.
A PROMESSA E A AMEAÇA – O FUNCIONAMENTO DA VIOLÊNCIA COMO FERRAMENTA POLÍTICA NA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE
Authors: Albuquerque Enderson Alceu Alves
Published: October 2020

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa o uso da violência como ferramenta para o estabelecimento de poder político nos municípios da Baixada Fluminense. Para tanto, analisamos desde o período do processo de formação territorial da região até sua atual configuração territorial. Essa análise conduziu ao entendimento de que em um primeiro momento a violência praticada na região tinha relação direta com questões fundiárias e comerciais. Em um segundo período ela passou a ser utilizada como elemento de coação pelo aparato de repressão do Regime Militar e posteriormente, no período de redemocratização, a violência foi utilizada ao mesmo tempo como “promessa e ameaça” para alavancar o ingresso de agentes políticos nos poderes executivo e legislativos dos municípios baixadianos.Palavras-chave: Baixada Fluminense; violência; política.Abstract: This article analyzes the use of violence as a tool for the establishment of political power in the municipalities of Baixada Fluminense. For that, we analyzed from the period of the territorial formation process of the region to it’s current territorial configuration. This analysis led to the understanding that, at first, the violence practiced in the region was directly related to land and commercial issues. In a second period, it began to be used as an element of coercion by the military regime repression apparatus and later, in the period of redemocratization, violence was used at the same time as a "promise and threat" to leverage the entry of political agents into the executive and legislative powers of the Baixadian municipalities.Keywords: Baixada Fluminense; Violence; Politics.Resumen: Este artículo analiza el uso de la violencia como herramienta para la instauración del poder político en los municipios de Baixada Fluminense. Para ello, analizamos desde el período del proceso de formación territorial de la región hasta su configuración territorial actual. Este análisis llevó a entender que, en un principio, la violencia que se practicaba en la región estaba directamente relacionada con cuestiones territoriales y comerciales. En un segundo período, comenzó a ser utilizado como elemento de coerción por parte del aparato represivo del régimen militar y, posteriormente, en el período de redemocratización, la violencia se utilizó al mismo tiempo como una “promesa y amenaza” para apalancar el ingreso de agentes políticos en poderes ejecutivo y legislativo de los municipios baixadianos.Palabras-llave: Baixada Fluminense; Violencia; Política.
O conceito de áreas de conhecimento no Novo Ensino Médio
Authors: Mendes Sandra Regina
Published: October 2020

As áreas de conhecimento já figuram no currículo do ensino médio desde as Diretrizes Curriculares, em 1998. Assim, o que de fato é novo em relação as áreas de conhecimento no “novo” ensino médio? Busca-se discutir conceitualmente essa questão, além dos seus objetivos e dimensões teóricas. A metodologia se centra na análise dos documentos oficiais que consubstanciam a reforma, fundamentada nos debates acerca das dimensões de poder que delineiam as políticas educacionais. Concluiu-se que a legislação não oferece bases conceituais, possibilitando desdobramentos equivocados na implementação do currículo.
Experiência docente com bebês: um olhar a partir da educação física
Authors: Torres Vilarino Daniel , Simas Frutuoso Anderson , De Paula Figueiredo Juliana , Preichardt Duek Viviane
Published: October 2020

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a docência com bebês no estágio curricular supervisionado em educação física na educação infantil. A experiência indicou a importância da organização do espaço para a promoção da autonomia e segurança dos bebês, bem como do emprego de diferentes linguagens, valorizando as relações do bebê com o meio, com os objetos e com os pares. Conclui-se que a educação física, integrada à proposta da instituição, deve considerar as características, necessidades e interesses dos bebês, a fim de contribuir para a ampliação do repertório motor, cultural e social.
Paulo Freire más que nunca: una biografia filosófica
Authors: Perboni Fabio
Published: October 2020

KOHAN, Walter. Paulo Freire más que nunca: uma biografia filosófica. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2020, 248 p.
Mesmo em tempos de COVID-19, não dá para lavar as mãos de Paulo Freire
Authors: Ireland Timothy Denis
Published: October 2020

Neste texto, argumenta-se que apesar das mudanças impostas pela pandemia da COVID-19 e as ameaças colocadas pela crise ecológica, o referencial teórico de Freire nos auxilia tanto entender o novo contexto como tecer uma nova narrativa em que a capacidade e a necessidade das pessoas aprenderem ao longo da vida sejam reconhecidos como parte constituinte da condição humana. Entre os desafios desse contexto inédito são os da saúde coletiva, da emergência climática e dos fundamentos democráticos das nossas sociedades. Não há como superar esses desafios sem uma mudança no paradigma de desenvolvimento.
Determinants of credit constraints for agricultural wholesalers in China
Authors: Hu Lifang , Lopez Rigoberto A. , Zeng Yinchu
Published: October 2020

Following market reforms and economic growth since the late 1970s, agricultural wholesale markets in China have developed substantially and become increasingly important in food distribution. This paper investigates the determinants of credit constraints on agricultural wholesalers. A probit model with sample selection is estimated for credit constraints and demand using data collected via a nationwide survey of 1,422 agricultural wholesalers, of whom approximately 39% were designated as credit-constrained. Empirical results confirm that an absence of relatives in the business supports the notion of further discouraging potential borrowers from applying for credit in the first place. Moreover, the probability of being credit-constrained is significantly lower for legal corporations, wholesalers who have higher-value capital assets, larger-sized wholesalers, and those in a better micro-finance environment. Some policy implications are outlined.
Núcleos de terras degradadas do campo calcário Aroeiras e adjacências, municípios de Coreaú e Sobral (Ceará)
Authors: De Albuquerque Francisco Nataniel Batista
Published: October 2020

A pesquisa analisa a degradação das terras no campo calcário Aroeiras e adjacências, geossistema apropriado como território da produção de cal e cimento nos municípios de Coreaú e Sobral na região noroeste do Estado do Ceará. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o mapa de uso e cobertura das terras permitiu detectar que os três núcleos de terras degradados identificados estão quase que, exclusivamente, fora do campo Aroeiras, evidenciando uma baixa correlação com a litologia carbonática da formação Frecheirinha e elevada com as formações Coreaú e Trapiá. A degradação nos núcleos está associada ao desmatamento da Caatinga sem controle, enquanto os núcleos conservados correspondem a grandes áreas de plano de manejo florestal e amortecimento aos impactos da mineração de grande porte.
Rural Woman and Food Security: Diversification of Cassava-Based Foods in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta
Authors: Suharko Suharko , Hudayana Bambang
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

This article outlines the role of rural women in diversification of local foods in Indonesia, specifically cassava. Cassava is the third main staple food in Indonesia, after rice and corn. By referring to the concept of food security and food diversification, and using the case study method, this article describes and discusses rural women’s innovations and business initiatives in developing nutritious processed cassava products in Gunungkidul Regency. These products are available at various outlets and are accessible and affordable to the public. Rural women have become the main actors in the diversification of local foods while also playing an important role in creating food security that has become a strategic agenda in Indonesia.