bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous flow synthesis of a carbon-based molecular cage macrocycle via a three-fold homocoupling reaction
Authors: Kitchin Melanie , Konstas Kristina , Sumby Christopher J. , Czyz Milena L. , Valente Peter , Hill Matthew R. , Polyzos Anastasios , Doonan Christian J.
Published: August 2015

The facile synthesis of the cage molecule (C110H56Br2)viaa remarkable three-fold homo-coupling macrocyclization reaction using continuous flow methodology is reported.
Rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation of hydrazines leads to isoquinolones with tunable aggregation-induced emission properties
Authors: Yu Bole , Chen Ying , Hong Mei , Duan Pingping , Gan Shifeng , Chao Hui , Zhao Zujin , Zhao Jing
Published: August 2015

We report a RhIII-catalyzed synthesis of isoquinolones via C–H activation/annulation of benzoylhydrazines and alkynes for AIE studies.
O,N,B-Containing eight-membered heterocycles by ring expansion of boroles with nitrones
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Krummenacher Ivo , Mailänder Lisa , Rauch Florian
Published: August 2015

A route to novel O,N,B-containing eight-membered rings, which represent a new structural motif in heterocyclic chemistry, was developed by ring expansion of boroles with nitrones.
Ultrathin nanosheets constructed CoMoO4porous flowers with high activity for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Yu Ming Quan , Jiang Li Xue , Yang Hua Gui
Published: August 2015

Hierarchical CoMoO4micro-flowers assembled from ultrathin nanosheets exhibit substantially higher electrocatalytic activity and stability than the IrO2benchmark towards oxygen evolution.
On-surface construction of a metal–organic Sierpiński triangle
Authors: Sun Qiang , Cai Liangliang , Ma Honghong , Yuan Chunxue , Xu Wei
Published: August 2015

From the interplay of high-resolution STM imaging and DFT calculations we demonstrate the first example of a metal–organic fractal (Sierpiński triangle) on the surface, and also the first room-temperature stable 2D supramolecular Sierpiński triangle.
Range separated hybrids of pair coupled cluster doubles and density functionals
Authors: Garza Alejandro J. , Bulik Ireneusz W. , Henderson Thomas M. , Scuseria Gustavo E.
Published: August 2015

Using the technique of range separation, we combine pair coupled cluster doubles (pCCD) with density functionals in order to incorporate dynamic correlation in pCCD while maintaining its low cost.
Electrochemical ‘bubble swarm’ enhancement of ultrasonic surface cleaning
Authors: Birkin P. R. , Offin D. G. , Vian C. J. B. , Leighton T. G.
Published: August 2015

Control and excitation of electrochemical bubble swarms enhances surface cleaning within an ultrasonically activated stream.
Molecular dynamics simulations of organohalide perovskite precursors: solvent effects in the formation of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gutierrez-Sevillano Juan José , Ahmad Shahzada , Calero Sofía , Anta Juan A.
Published: August 2015

Molecular dynamics simulations towards the formation of perovskite embryonic units for solar cells.
High thermoelectric performance in two-dimensional graphyne sheets predicted by first-principles calculations
Authors: Tan Xiaojian , Shao Hezhu , Hu Tianqi , Liu Guoqiang , Jiang Jun , Jiang Haochuan
Published: August 2015

The thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional graphyne sheets are investigated by using first-principles calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation method.
Appearance of annular ring-like intermediates during amyloid fibril formation from human serum albumin
Authors: Arya Shruti , Kumari Arpana , Dalal Vijit , Bhattacharya Mily , Mukhopadhyay Samrat
Published: August 2015

A profound conformational conversion coupled with the temporal evolution of morphologically-distinct ring-like nanoscopic intermediates were monitored during the amyloid assembly of human serum albumin into β-sheet-rich fibrils.
Blue-green emitting cationic iridium complexes with 1,3,4-oxadiazole cyclometallating ligands: synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties, theoretical investigation and electroluminescent devices
Authors: Wang Zhen , He Lei , Duan Lian , Yan Jun , Tang Ruiren , Pan Chunyue , Song Xiangzhi
Published: August 2015

Oxadiazole-type cyclometallating ligands lead to blue-green-emitting cationic iridium complexes, showing piezochromism and good performances in LECs.
The effect of potential supramolecular-bond promoters on the DNA-interacting abilities of copper–terpyridine compounds
Authors: Grau Jordi , Brissos Rosa F. , Salinas-Uber Jorge , Caballero Ana B. , Caubet Amparo , Roubeau Olivier , Korrodi-Gregório Luís , Pérez-Tomás Ricardo , Gamez Patrick
Published: August 2015

Supramolecular interactions prevail over DNA-cleaving abilities in the cytotoxicity behaviour of terpyridine-based copper(ii) complexes.
Structural and magnetic properties of mixed Co–Ln (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Ho) diethyleneglycolate complexes
Authors: Abdallah A. , Gaudisson T. , Sibille R. , Nowak S. , Cheikhrouhou-Koubaa W. , Shinoda K. , François M. , Ammar S.
Published: August 2015

Co–Ln diethyleneglycolates consisting of 1D-chains of [(Ln2Co2)(Cl)2(deg)4] tetramers were produced in degH2. In the tetramers 5 and 7 Co2+ and Ln3+ coordinated cations are antiferromagnetically weakly interacting.
Tuning of the excitation wavelength in Eu3+-aminophenyl based polyfluorinated β-diketonate complexes: a red-emitting Eu3+-complex encapsulated in a silica/polymer hybrid material excited by blue light
Authors: Usha Gangan T. V. , Reddy M. L. P.
Published: August 2015

A series of new antenna complexes of Eu3+ based on aminophenyl β-diketonate ligands was designed and their photophysical properties were evaluated.
Lignin monomer production integrated into the γ-valerolactone sugar platform
Authors: Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Azarpira Ali , Motagamwala Ali H. , Lu Fachuang , Ralph John , Dumesic James A.
Published: August 2015

We demonstrate an experimental approach for upgrading lignin that has been isolated from corn stover via biomass fractionation using γ-valerolactone (GVL) as a solvent.
Natures of optical absorption transitions and excitation energy dependent photostability of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based photovoltaic copolymers
Authors: Wood Sebastian , Wade Jessica , Shahid Munazza , Collado-Fregoso Elisa , Bradley Donal D. C. , Durrant James R. , Heeney Martin , Kim Ji-Seon
Published: August 2015

The photostability of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based copolymers is examined by investigating the natures of the two dominant optical absorption transitions.
Synthesis of glucose-mediated Ag–γ-Fe2O3multifunctional nanocomposites in aqueous medium – a kinetic analysis of their catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Kaloti Mandeep , Kumar Anil , Navani Naveen K.
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of glucose-mediated Ag–γ-Fe2O3nanocomposites in aqueous medium, exhibiting catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol reduction to 4-aminophenol following the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism at lower [Ag] (μM) (0.3, SPLAg; 6.4, SPHAg), is reported.
Fuzziness endows viral motif-mimicry
Authors: Duro Norbert , Miskei Marton , Fuxreiter Monika
Published: August 2015

The local dynamics of host and viral peptide motifs suggests a different scenario for partner recognition. Host peptide motifs serve as molecular recognition elements, while viral motifs preserve the structural heterogeneity and remain fuzzy when bound to the host.
Protein–protein interactions generate hidden feedback and feed-forward loops to trigger bistable switches, oscillations and biphasic dose–responses
Authors: Varusai Thawfeek M. , Kolch Walter , Kholodenko Boris N. , Nguyen Lan K.
Published: August 2015

Our work reveals that simple reversible protein–protein interactions, when embedded into signalling cascades, give rise to extremely rich and complex regulatory dynamics in the absence of explicit positive and negative feedbacks.
In silico spatial simulations reveal that MCC formation and excess BubR1 are required for tight inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex
Authors: Ibrahim Bashar
Published: August 2015

In response to the activation of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), distinct inhibitory pathways control the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C).
Efficient synthesis of P-chiral biaryl phosphonates by stereoselective intramolecular cyclization
Authors: Xu Guangqing , Li Minghong , Wang Shouliang , Tang Wenjun
Published: August 2015

A series of P-chiral biaryl phosphonates were efficiently synthesized from diaryl 2-bromo arylphosphonates in high yields (up to 92%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 88% ee) through a palladium-catalyzed desymmetric intramolecular cyclization with a P-chiral biaryl monophosphorus ligand.
All-direction energy harvester based on nano/micro fibers as flexible and stretchable sensors for human motion detection
Authors: Fuh Yiin-Kuen , Chen Po-Chou , Ho Hsi-Chun , Huang Zih-Ming , Li Shang-Cian
Published: August 2015

Highly flexible smart sensors for monitoring human body motion, physiologically and biomechanically, play a paramount role for personalized healthcare.
A first principle study on the spin transport properties in heterojunctions based on zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons and graphitic carbon nitride nanoribbons
Authors: Kong Xiangru , Zou Dongqing , Wang Hui , Jiang Xiaohui , Yin Sun , Li Dongmei , Liu Desheng
Published: August 2015

By using non-equilibrium Green’s functions (NEGF) and DFT, we investigate the spin-dependent electronic transport properties of two heterojunctions based on zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons and graphitic carbon nitride nanoribbons.
Synergistic lithium storage of a multi-component Co2SnO4/Co3O4/Al2O3/C composite from a single-source precursor
Authors: Wu Bibo , Zhang Shilin , Yao Feng , Zhang Fazhi , Xu Sailong
Published: August 2015

Co2SnO4/Co3O4/Al2O3/C composite is prepared from a laurate anion-intercalated CoAlSn-layered double hydroxide single-source precursor, and delivers highly enhanced electrochemical performances.
Solid lipid nanoparticles of stearic acid for the drug delivery of paliperidone
Authors: Kumar Sacheen , Randhawa Jaspreet Kaur
Published: August 2015

Paliperidone is an antipsychotic drug having poor water solubility and bioavailability. Solid lipid nanoparticles of stearic acid loaded with paliperidone were prepared to enhance the bioavailability.
Optical sensor: a promising strategy for environmental and biomedical monitoring of ionic species
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Lee Ki Hwan
Published: August 2015

In this review, we cover the recent developments in fluorogenic and chromogenic sensors for Cu2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Zn2+and Hg2+.
Demonstration of a high-speed switch with coplanar waveguide electrodes based on electro-optic polymer-clad waveguides
Authors: Wang Xi-Bin , Sun Jing-Wen , Sun Jian , Shi Zuo-Sen , Wang Fei , Sun Xiao-Qiang , Chen Chang-Ming , Yi Yun-Ji , Cui Zhan-Chen , Zhang Da-Ming
Published: August 2015

A Mach–Zehnder interferometer type of optic switch with electro-optic polymer-clad waveguides was fabricated with the simple wet-etching procedure, which exhibited low insertion loss and high-speed switching response.
Simultaneous current generation and ammonia recovery from real urine using nitrogen-purged bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Zhou Xiangtong , Qu Youpeng , Kim Byung Hong , Du Yue , Wang Haiman , Li Henan , Dong Yue , He Weihua , Liu Jia , Feng Yujie
Published: August 2015

Ammonia could be recovered from human urine through combination of bioelectrochemical systems and nitrogen purging, with concomitant mitigation of ammonia inhibition of anode electroactivity.
Sonochemical synthesis of cyclophosphazene bridged mesoporous organosilicas and their application in methyl orange, congo red and Cr(vi) removal
Authors: Rekha Pawan , Muhammad Raeesh , Mohanty Paritosh
Published: August 2015

Cyclophosphazene-bridged mesoporous organosilicas have been synthesized by a fast sonochemical method which efficiently removed organic dyes and Cr(vi) ions.
Large-scale preparation of Mg doped LiFePO4@C for lithium ion batteries via carbon thermal reduction combined with aqueous rheological phase technology
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Hao Jinghao , Geng Guangwei , Wang Yafang , Shang Xiaokun , Yang Changchun , Li Baojun
Published: August 2015

A uniform distribution of doped metal and coated carbon in the as-prepared LiFePO4material is obtained. The LiFePO4delivers a discharge capacity of 166 mA h g−1at 0.1C and presents excellent rate capacity and a high potential plateau at 1C.
Cholestatic liver injury model of bile duct ligation and the protection of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction by NMR metabolomic profiling
Authors: Wei Dandan , Liao Shanting , Wang Junsong , Yang Minghua , Kong Lingyi
Published: August 2015

Bile duct ligation (BDL) induced cholestasis in rats and the treatment effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD) were investigated by NMR-based metabolomics approach: biphasic feature of BDL model and bilateral adjustment of HLJDD were found.
Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic magnetic polyurethane sponge for oil/water separation
Authors: Liu Shanhu , Xu Qingfeng , Latthe Sanjay S. , Gurav Annaso B. , Xing Ruimin
Published: August 2015

A magnetic PU sponge displays superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity, and more favorably possesses magnetic responsiveness and superior stability against corrosive solutions, showing great potential in practical oily wastewater treatment.
Direct templating assembly route for the preparation of highly-dispersed vanadia species encapsulated in mesoporous MCM-41 channel
Authors: Yang Fu , Gao Shuying , Xiong Cuirong , Long Saifu , Li Xiaoming , Xi Tao , Kong Yan
Published: August 2015

Understanding the nature of active sites, including the number and dispersion on the surface of a support, is essential to improve the catalytic activity.
Lawsone in organic synthesis
Authors: Jordão Alessandro K. , Vargas Maria D. , Pinto Angelo C. , da Silva Fernando de C. , Ferreira Vitor F.
Published: August 2015

Lawsone has been used as the starting material for the synthesis of a variety of biologically active compounds and materials.
Thermo-responsive amino acid-based vinyl polymers showing widely tunable LCST/UCST behavior in water
Authors: Higashi Nobuyuki , Sonoda Ryo , Koga Tomoyuki
Published: August 2015

A thermo-responsive polymer system showing widely tunable UCST/LCST behaviors from amino acid-based vinyl polymers.
New nanocomposite-graphene pastes based stochastic microsensors
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Gugoasa Livia Alexandra , Socaci Crina , Biris Alexandru Radu
Published: August 2015

Stochastic sensors based on metal nanocomposites-graphene pastes modified with protoporphyrin-IX were used for the assay of PPAR-γ in cerebrospinal liquid.
Study on the formation of magnetic nanoclusters and change in spin ordering in Co-doped ZnO using magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Lee Seunghun , Kim Bum-Su , Park Ji Hun , Lee Tae-Woo , Chan Cho Yong , Jeong Se-Young
Published: August 2015

The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurement could provide a useful methodological approach as well as experimental clues for identifying the origin of magnetism in magnetic semiconductor.
The role of substrate purity and its crystallographic orientation in the defect density of chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer graphene
Authors: Borah Munu , Singh Dilip K. , Subhedar Kiran M. , Dhakate Sanjay R.
Published: August 2015

Here, we are reporting about the role of the copper substrate purity and its crystallographic orientation in the quality of the graphene grown using a low pressure chemical vapor deposition technique.
Smart gold nanosensor for easy sensing of lead and copper ions in solution and using paper strips
Authors: Nath Peuli , Arun Ravi Kumar , Chanda Nripen
Published: August 2015

A smart gold nanosensor, Au–TA–DNS is designed that can rapidly detect very low concentrations of Pb2+and Cu2+ions.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and mechanism study of chalcone analogues as novel anti-cancer agents
Authors: Chen Jie , Yan Jun , Hu Jinhui , Pang Yanqing , Huang Ling , Li Xingshu
Published: August 2015

A series of novel chalcone analogues were designed, synthesized and evaluated as anticancer agents.
Poetry and alkali metals: building bridges to the study of atomic radius and ionization energy
Authors: Araújo J. L. , Morais C. , Paiva J. C.
Published: August 2015

Exploring chemistry through its presence in the literature in general, and poetry in particular, may increase students' curiosity, may enhance several basic skills, such as writing, reading comprehension and argumentative skills, as well as may improve the understanding of the chemistry topics covered. Nevertheless, the pedagogical potential of the link between poetry and chemistry has not yet been fully explored in school. This article describes a study during which a teaching strategy was used with pre-university students of introductory chemistry in order to explore the topics atomic radius and ionization energy by resorting to a poem about alkali metals. The study resulted in new poems and cartoons of chemical elements created by the students, which, together with the results of a questionnaire survey, were positive indicators of the impact of poetry in the motivation and learning of the chemistry topics explored. While the students showed some difficulties interpreting the poem, they considered that teaching chemistry with poetry is a motivating strategy that should be used more often, and that it enhances the students' engagement in the construction of significant learning.
Synthesis of high quality two-dimensional materials via chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yu Jingxue , Li Jie , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of high quality two-dimensional materials such as graphene, BN, and transition metal dichalcogenides by CVD provides a new opportunity for large scale applications.
Copper-catalyzed condensation of imines and α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds: modular and regiocontrolled synthesis of multisubstituted pyrroles
Authors: Tan Wei Wen , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: August 2015

The Cu-catalyzed condensation of ketimines and diazodicarbonyl compounds enables the rapid and regiocontrolled synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant multisubstituted pyrroles.
Bipyridine complexes of E3+(E = P, As, Sb, Bi): strong Lewis acids, sources of E(OTf)3and synthons for EIand EVcations
Authors: Chitnis Saurabh S. , Robertson Alasdair P. M. , Burford Neil , Patrick Brian O. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J.
Published: August 2015

Triflate salts of trications [(bipy)2E]3+([6E][OTf]3) and [(tbbipy)2E]3+([6′E][OTf]3) (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, tbbipy = 4,4′-di-tbutyl-2,2′-bipyridine; E = P, As, Sb, Bi) have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized.
Real-time detection of histone deacetylase activity with a small molecule fluorescent and spectrophotometric probe
Authors: Rooker Debra R. , Buccella Daniela
Published: August 2015

Enzymatic deacetylation of a small-molecule probe induces optical changes that enable, in a single-step, unprecedented real-time detection of HDAC activity in samples of purified enzymes and cell lysates.
Effects of magnetic field gradients on the aggregation dynamics of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Heinrich D. , Goñi A. R. , Osán T. M. , Cerioni L. M. C. , Smessaert A. , Klapp S. H. L. , Faraudo J. , Pusiol D. J. , Thomsen C.
Published: August 2015

We combined theoretical models, experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations to explain the aggregation dynamics of ferrofluids in the presence of magnetic field gradients.
Toughened hydrogels inspired by aquatic caddisworm silk
Authors: Lane Dwight D. , Kaur Sarbjit , Weerasakare G. Mahika , Stewart Russell J.
Published: August 2015

Hydrogels modeled after aquatic caddisworm silk, comprising an elastic polyacrylamide network coupled to a network crosslinked by reversible metal ion–phosphate coordination complexes, display viscoelastic yield behavior and nearly full recovery during cyclical strains.
Field induced anisotropic cooperativity in a magnetic colloidal glass
Authors: Wandersman E. , Chushkin Y. , Dubois E. , Dupuis V. , Robert A. , Perzynski R.
Published: August 2015

The translational dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles in a repulsive colloidal glass is probed by XPCS. Under an external magnetic field, the slight perturbation of the interaction potential induces a highly anisotropic cooperativity of the dynamics, almost hundred-fold larger in the field direction.
Correlating antimicrobial activity and model membrane leakage induced by nylon-3 polymers and detergents
Authors: Hovakeemian Sara G. , Liu Runhui , Gellman Samuel H. , Heerklotz Heiko
Published: August 2015

Vesicle leakage and growth inhibition of Candida reveal polymers to permeabilize membranes by anionic lipid clustering or asymmetry stress.
Probing relevant ingredients in mean-field approaches for the athermal rheology of yield stress materials
Authors: Puosi Francesco , Olivier Julien , Martens Kirsten
Published: August 2015

Coarse-graining flow dynamics of amorphous systems: mesoscopic scale stress fluctuations are created by the elastic response to surrounding yielding events.
In situ monitoring of TiO2(B)/anatase nanoparticle formation and application in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries
Authors: Søndergaard M. , Dalgaard K. J. , Bøjesen E. D. , Wonsyld K. , Dahl S. , Iversen B. B.
Published: August 2015

A facile method is used to synthesise TiO2(B) for use in Li- and Na-ion batteries.
A “H2O donating/methanol accepting” platform for preparation of highly selective Nafion-based proton exchange membranes
Authors: Feng Kai , Tang Beibei , Wu Peiyi
Published: August 2015

A “H2O donating/methanol accepting” approach is exploited to alleviate critical drawbacks of Nafion and thereby fabricate highly selective PEMs.
Long-lasting antibacterial behavior of a novel mixed matrix water purification membrane
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Hou Jingwei , Shen Jiangnan , Liu Jindun , Zhang Yatao
Published: August 2015

Formation of water permeable microflow channels between graphene sheets with the addition of halloysite nanotubes.
In situ crosslinking of electrospun gelatin for improved fiber morphology retention and tunable degradation
Authors: Kishan A. P. , Nezarati R. M. , Radzicki C. M. , Renfro A. L. , Robinson J. L. , Whitely M. E. , Cosgriff-Hernandez E. M.
Published: August 2015

In situcrosslinking provides a method to crosslink gelatin during electrospinning enabling tunable degradation rates and displaying improved fiber morphology retention after implantation.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) functionalized tetrathienothiophene (TTA) small molecules for organic thin film transistors and photovoltaic cells
Authors: Zhou Nanjia , Vegiraju Sureshraju , Yu Xinge , Manley Eric F. , Butler Melanie R. , Leonardi Matthew J. , Guo Peijun , Zhao Wei , Hu Yan , Prabakaran Kumaresan , Chang Robert P. H. , Ratner Mark A. , Chen Lin X. , Facchetti Antonio , Chen Ming-Chou , Marks Tobin J.
Published: August 2015

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) end capped tetrathienoacene (TTA) small molecules approaching the hole mobility 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 in OFET and efficiency >4% in OPV.
Fast direct synthesis and compaction of phase pure thermoelectric ZnSb
Authors: Blichfeld A. B. , Iversen B. B.
Published: August 2015

ZnSb is a promising low cost, non-toxic thermoelectric material, but large scale applications require development of fast and easy synthesis methods.
Enhanced average thermoelectric figure of merit of n-type PbTe1−xIx–MgTe
Authors: Jood Priyanka , Ohta Michihiro , Kunii Masaru , Hu Xiaokai , Nishiate Hirotaka , Yamamoto Atsushi , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: August 2015

The average thermoelectric figure of meritZTof n-type PbTe1−xIx–MgTe is successfully enhanced through nano and meso structuring.
Control of the nanostructure in percolative multiferroic composites on the dielectric loss and magnetism threshold
Authors: Tang Yu , Zhang Yi , Ma Ning , Du Piyi
Published: August 2015

The nanostructure in multiferroic composites reduces the dielectric loss and shifts the magnetic threshold from a topological one.
ACS‐fed UWB‐MIMO antenna with shared radiator
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Yi , Zhang Fan , Tian Wen‐Peng , Luo Yong‐Lun
Published: August 2015

A novel asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)‐fed multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna working in the ultra‐wideband (UWB) frequency band with a shared radiator is discussed. The proposed antenna is composed of a radiator which is shared by two antenna elements in order to achieve a very compact size of 26 × 26 mm2. By etching an I‐shaped slot in the radiator and attaching a rectangular patch on the back, the operating bandwidth is broadened and a high isolation between the two antenna elements is realised. The stub from the ground also has a great effect on the return loss and isolation. The measured results show that the working frequency band of the MIMO antenna covers 3.1–10.6 GHz with an isolation of more than 15 dB. Furthermore, the simple feeding structure and compact size could enable the proposed antenna to be used in portable devices.
Phaseless planar near‐field antenna measurements: some aspects of aperture's mask and alignment error
Authors: Shakhtour H. , Heberling D.
Published: August 2015

A quick review of the planar phaseless near‐field antenna measurement technique is presented and some interesting aspects related to the size of the mask used at the aperture of the antenna under test (AUT) are pointed out. It is shown simulatively and experimentally that due to the edge fields the AUT aperture's mask needs to be larger than the physical aperture of the AUT to achieve better accuracy. In addition, the misalignment of the setup has a big impact on the achieved far‐field accuracy. This is emphasised experimentally.
Unified framework for triaxial accelerometer‐based fall event detection and classification using cumulants and hierarchical decision tree classifier
Authors: Kambhampati Satya Samyukta , Singh Vishal , Manikandan M. Sabarimalai , Ramkumar Barathram
Published: August 2015

In this Letter, the authors present a unified framework for fall event detection and classification using the cumulants extracted from the acceleration (ACC) signals acquired using a single waist‐mounted triaxial accelerometer. The main objective of this Letter is to find suitable representative cumulants and classifiers in effectively detecting and classifying different types of fall and non‐fall events. It was discovered that the first level of the proposed hierarchical decision tree algorithm implements fall detection using fifth‐order cumulants and support vector machine (SVM) classifier. In the second level, the fall event classification algorithm uses the fifth‐order cumulants and SVM. Finally, human activity classification is performed using the second‐order cumulants and SVM. The detection and classification results are compared with those of the decision tree, naive Bayes, multilayer perceptron and SVM classifiers with different types of time‐domain features including the second‐, third‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐order cumulants and the signal magnitude vector and signal magnitude area. The experimental results demonstrate that the second‐ and fifth‐order cumulant features and SVM classifier can achieve optimal detection and classification rates of above 95%, as well as the lowest false alarm rate of 1.03%.
Unsupervised domain adaptation using eigenanalysis in kernel space for categorisation tasks
Authors: Samanta Suranjana , Das Sukhendu
Published: August 2015

This study describes a new technique of unsupervised domain adaptation based on eigenanalysis in kernel space, for the purpose of categorisation tasks. The authors propose a transformation of data in source domain, such that the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the transformed source domain become similar to that of the target domain. They extend this idea to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space, which enables to deal with non‐linear transformation of source domain. They also propose a measure to obtain the appropriate number of eigenvectors needed for transformation. Results on object, video and text categorisations tasks using real‐world datasets show that the proposed method produces better results when compared with a few recent state‐of‐art methods of domain adaptation.
Localised rank‐ordered differences vector filter for suppression of high‐density impulse noise in colour images
Authors: Roig Bernardino , Estruch Vicente D.
Published: August 2015

This research presents a complete study of a new alternating vector filter for the removal of impulsive noise in colour images. The method is based on an impulsive noise detector for greyscale images that has been adapted in a localised manner using geometric information for processing colour images. Based on this statistic, a filtering scheme alternating between the identity and a non‐linear vector filter is proposed. A geometric and experimental study was performed to obtain the optimal filter design. Experimental studies show that the proposed technique is simple, easy to implement, robust to noise, and outperforms the classic vector filters, as well as more recent filters.
Signal‐walking‐driven active contour model
Authors: Pi Ming Hong , Ma Jun , Zhang Wei , Zhou Zhigang
Published: August 2015

Active contour models are effective image segmentation methods. However, they are very time‐consuming, and their convergence depends upon the choice of initial contour. To overcome the two drawbacks, in the study, the authors suggest a signal‐walking‐driven active contour model. By walking a signal, they construct a forest of object evolution. Each tree grows from a root object, and child node contains its shrunk or/and split version. The merit value of an object is a composite metric from the colour, edge, or/and shape properties. The merit function plays an important role in tree construction and the goodness of object evolution. The objects are selected and added to the tree in the levels the merit function reaches the local maxima. After the forest of object evolution is constructed, by traversing each tree branch in post‐order, the objects corresponding to maximum merit values are extracted as the final segmentation. Experimental results on a set of oil‐sand images indicate the proposed signal‐walking‐driven active contour model outperforms Chan and Vese's model and adaptive thresholding.
Optimised cubic spline approximations of image contours using points suppression
Authors: Parvez Mohammad Tanvir
Published: August 2015

In this study, the author presents an algorithm for approximating the contour of a digital planar image by cubic splines. In the authors’ method, a subset of points (called corners) from the contour is selected. These corners are used to segment the contour and each segment is then approximated by a cubic spline. Parameters of the fitted splines are estimated by optimisation methods. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the way the corners are selected. An initial set of corners are first selected using a process which is called as iterative points‐suppression. This initial set is further reduced by a novel technique termed spline‐suppression. The result is a very compact cubic spline representation of the contour using few corners on the contour. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on two large databases: MPEG7_CE‐Shape‐1_Part_B database and a database of handwritten characters.
Multi‐round dynamic swap optimisation for table‐based steganography
Authors: Mao Qian , Bharanitharan Karunanithi , Chang Chin‐Chen
Published: August 2015

The reference‐table‐based (RTB) steganography employs two pixels to conceal a secret digit, according to a predetermined reference table. Most of the RTB steganographic schemes discussed in the literature do not consider the non‐uniformity of the secret digits and the locating numbers indicated by the pixel pairs. In contrast, the non‐uniformity of the locating numbers exists for most of host images. When a non‐uniform secret sequence is embedded, the quality control of the stego image is quite challengeable when compared with a uniform secret sequence. To the best of the authors knowledge, most of the existing algorithms focus on the uniform sequences. In this study, they propose a multi‐round dynamic swap optimisation (MRDSO) algorithm for RTB steganography, which is more suitable for non‐uniform secret sequences. By optimising the permutation of the reference table, the proposed algorithm increases the scenarios that the locating number indicated by the pixel pair is equal to the secret digit, which means that these host pixels can carry the secret digit without any distortion. The experimental results show that the proposed MRDSO algorithm increases the quality of the stego image by 0.1–1.7 dB.
Long‐distance non‐line‐of‐sight ultraviolet communication channel analysis: experimentation and modelling
Authors: Liao Linchao , Drost Robert J. , Li Zening , Lang Tian , Sadler Brian M. , Chen Gang
Published: August 2015

In this study, the long‐distance non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) communication channel is characterised using experimental data and theoretical modelling. Experimental measurements of path loss and pulse broadening effects at distances of up to 4 km are reported and analysed, and comparisons between the field test data and a Monte Carlo multiple‐scattering channel model provides strong evidence for the validity of the theoretical modelling approach. In addition, measurements probing the effects of turbulence are also considered, but in this case, the authors find limited experimental support for existing turbulence models, an important result suggesting the need for refined turbulence modelling. Finally, implications for NLOS UV communication performance at long ranges are examined. Overall, the experimental and numerical results serve to advance the study of NLOS UV channel modelling, an essential component of communication system design.
Secured relay‐assisted atmospheric optical code‐division multiple‐access systems over turbulence channels
Authors: Pham Hien T.T. , Trinh Phuc V. , Dang Ngoc T. , Pham Anh T.
Published: August 2015

The authors propose a relay‐assisted atmospheric optical code‐division multiple‐access (AO/CDMA) system for secured, multiuser optical communications. Chip detect‐and‐forward (CDF) scheme is used at relay nodes so that the complex multiuser decoding process can be avoided. The proposed system performance, in terms of bit‐error rate (BER) and transmission confidentiality, is analysed over atmospheric turbulence channel taking into account channel loss due to atmospheric attenuation and beam divergence. Multiple‐access interference and background noise are also included in the analysis. In addition, a quantitative analysis of data confidentiality is further examined in the study. The numerical results show that the relay transmission is an efficient solution to improve the system performance. Thanks to this solution, AO/CDMA systems can achieve low BER, long distance, and a large number of users. Moreover, high confidentiality can be attained by properly configuring system parameters, such as limiting the transmitted power and/or reducing the signal beam width.
Performance of quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based free space optical links with non‐linear clipping effect over gamma–gamma modelled turbulence channels
Authors: Nistazakis Hector E. , Stassinakis A.N. , Sinanović Sinan , Popoola Wasiu O. , Tombras George S.
Published: August 2015

The free space optical (FSO) communication systems have attracted significant research and commercial interest in the last few years because of their low installation and operational cost along with their very high performance characteristics. However, for terrestrial FSO links, the optical signal propagates through the atmosphere which exhibits time‐varying behaviour that implies variations in the links’ performance. In this study, the authors estimate the performance metrics for terrestrial FSO links which are using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique with a quadrature amplitude modulation scheme over turbulence channels. More specifically, the authors investigate the influence of the non‐linear clipping effect of the OFDM scheme, along with the atmospheric turbulence modelled using the gamma–gamma distribution. Both effects significantly influence the performance of the link and here the authors derive closed form mathematical expressions for the estimation of the average signal to noise ratio, the outage probability and the average bit error rate that are vital for FSO system performance characterisation. Finally, using these expressions, the authors present the corresponding numerical results for common parameter values of the FSO links and investigate the accuracy of the expressions for marginal cases with nearly negligible turbulence effect.
Robust design optimisation for inductive power transfer systems from topology collection based on an evolutionary multi‐objective algorithm
Authors: Zou Yang , Dai Xin , Li Weiyi , Sun Yue
Published: August 2015

Considering the inevitable uncertainty in practice, based on an evolutionary multi‐objective robust optimisation, this study presents a hierarchical synthesis method for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems to automatically obtain the robust Pareto‐optimal designs including an optimal compensation schematic selected from a topology collection which combines typical IPT compensation types. First, for several compensation circuits, useful formulae are presented to ensure that capacitive and inductive reactance cancels each other in not only primary but also secondary side. Some robust design considerations are also given. Then for a given compensation, a bi‐level evolutionary multi‐objective robust optimisation is proposed to obtain the robust Pareto‐optimal designs that provide corresponding systems with desired output voltage, optimal efficiency, bifurcation‐free operation, large distance between the primary and secondary side and acceptable robust performance against parameter uncertainty. Thereafter, among all robust Pareto fronts of individual schemes, robust Pareto front of topology collection is extracted out on which designer can choose the final design. Finally, this synthesis method is used to design practical IPT systems. The nominal designs are obtained using traditional optimisation in comparison with robust solutions to demonstrate the superiority of proposed approach. Experimental results verify the optimal and robust performance of the designed systems.
H‐bridge modular multi‐level converter: control strategy for improved DC fault ride‐through capability without converter blocking
Authors: Chen Chao , Adam Grain Philip , Finney Stephen , Fletcher John , Williams Barry
Published: August 2015

This study presents a control scheme that separates control of the fundamental current associated with AC power control from the DC and harmonic components in the arms of the H‐bridge modular multi‐level converter (MMC). In addition, this control scheme fully exploits the subtractive and additive switch states of the H‐bridge MMC to maintain capacitor voltage balance when the converter DC‐link voltage collapses during DC faults. The significance of this control scheme is that it permits the H‐bridge MMC to ride through DC faults without the need for converter blocking, as is presented in the literature. This study provides comprehensive discussion of MMC fundamental theory, including a logical mathematical derivation of the relationships that governed its operation and modulation. The validity of the presented control scheme is confirmed using simulations and experimentations. Besides DC fault survival, this study presents operating the H‐bridge‐MMC from bi‐polar DC‐link voltages; thus, creating the possibility of complex hybrid DC grids with reversible DC‐link voltage where the conventional line commutated current‐source converters can operate alongside voltage‐source converters. Operation of the H‐bridge‐MMC with reversible DC‐link voltage is validated using simulation.
Piezoelectric ceramic acting as inductor for capacitive compensation in piezoelectric transformer
Authors: Ju Bin , Shao Weiwei , Zhang Liansheng , Wang Hongbo , Feng Zhihua
Published: August 2015

It is found that a piezoelectric plate can serve as an excellent inductive component between its resonant and anti‐resonant frequencies. To compensate for the capacitance of a piezoelectric transformer (PT) at resonance, three piezoelectric plates with different inductances are chosen to match the PT in different exciting power. Experiments demonstrate that a piezoelectric ceramic can mimic an inductor effectively. Compared with the wirewound inductor, the mimic inductor made of piezoelectric ceramic can achieve a better compensation in a large power range to guarantee inductive impedance phase for the PT. With the excellent advantages in terms of compensation, cost and fabrication, ceramic inductor has potential use in PT‐based converter of high integration and efficiency without the need for conventional wirewound inductors.
Soft‐switching forward DC–DC converter using a continuous current mode for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Ibanez Federico Martin , Echeverria Jose Martin , Astigarraga Daniel , Fontan Luis
Published: August 2015

This study presents the analysis and design of a novel technique that improves the efficiency of the conventional forward DC–DC converter by reducing switching losses, along with a comprehensive analysis of the circuit and detailed information for designers. The converter uses the current control mode to trigger the switches. To use this control mode, an equalising circuit is presented in the input port to guarantee that the voltage in each half‐switching period will be equal; otherwise, the current control mode cannot be applied. A 5 kW step‐down (from 350–500 to 28.8 V) prototype is presented and compared with the traditional hard‐switching forward converter for fully electric vehicle applications. In addition, the small‐signal characteristics and the dynamic response for load variation are presented. Efficiency improvements of over 2% are obtained.
Generalised single‐phase N‐level voltage‐source inverter with coupled inductors
Authors: Hashemizadeh Ashan Sasan , Monfared Mohammad
Published: August 2015

A generalised single‐phase N‐level voltage‐source inverter is presented in this study. The number of output voltage levels is increased by using split‐wound coupled inductors instead of several DC voltage sources and split and/or clamp capacitors of the conventional multilevel converters. As an example, the operation of the nine‐level inverter is analysed and a proper switching strategy is proposed. With this modulation strategy, no DC components exist in the inductor voltages and currents, which is very helpful for minimisation of the inductors. Voltage steps are only one‐quarter of the DC voltage source, leading to much reduced dv/dt. Moreover, this inverter compared with other inverters with the same number of voltage levels requires fewer switches and passive components. This study uses simulation and experimental results to illustrate the operation of the proposed inverter.
Single‐switch single‐inductor multi‐output pulse width modulation converters based on optimised switched‐capacitor
Authors: Ye Yuanmao , Eric Cheng Ka Wai
Published: August 2015

To combine advantages of switched‐mode and switched‐capacitor (SC) power converters, a series of non‐isolated multi‐output pulse width modulation converters are developed in this study. This type of converters employs only one inductor and one active switch, which contributes to a simple structure and easy control features. An optimised SC technique is developed for peak current limitation and equivalent resistance reduction for SC units. Circuitry configuration, operation principle, equivalent model and an optimised design are presented in detail. Experimental results of a three‐output (±24 V, 48 V) converter prototype verifies the feasibility of voltage regulation and power efficiency.
Robust lateral double‐diffused MOS with interleaved bulk and source for high‐voltage electrostatic discharge protection
Authors: Wang Yang , Jin Xiangliang , Yang Liu
Published: August 2015

A device with bulk and source interleaved dotting is fabricated in a 0.5‐µm 24 V CDMOS process, and the root cause of why it improves the multi‐finger high‐voltage lateral double‐diffused MOS (LDMOS)’s electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness is detected by Atlas three‐dimensional device simulation and transmission line pulse system. Such device structure obtains strong ESD robustness by enlarging the intrinsic base resistance without increasing device area and sacrificing any ESD performance of nLDMOS. The measurement results demonstrated that, compared with traditional gate‐grounded nLDMOS (GG‐nLDMOS) with a total length of 400 μm, the proposed device can effectively raise the secondary breakdown current (It2) from 2.43 A up to 5.55 A, and enhance the ESD current discharge efficiency from 0.29 to 0.70 mA/μm2.
Parallel operation of inverter using trans‐Z‐source network
Authors: Aleem Zeeshan , Shin Dongsul , Cha Honnyong , Lee Jong‐Pil , Yoo Dong‐Wook , Peng Fang Z.
Published: August 2015

There is strong demand for high‐power application for photovoltaic and wind power generation systems. The realisation of a high power conversion system is usually limited by the available switching devices because of the maximum voltage and current ratings, losses and switching frequency. Thus, utilising parallel‐connected power converters rated at more minute power levels are highly desirable. A robust approach for such a realisation would result in many advantages, such as modularity, ease of maintenance, (n + 1) redundancy and high reliability. The parallel operation of a voltage‐fed (VF) trans‐Z‐source inverter (ZSI) is presented. A two parallel connected VF‐trans‐ZSI is introduced and a similar concept is extended to N‐parallel connected inverter. A 2.9 kW prototype inverter is built and tested to verify the performance of the proposed inverter.
Step‐down converter with wide voltage conversion ratio
Authors: Yau Yeu‐Torng , Jiang Wen‐Zhuang , Hwu Kuo‐Ing
Published: August 2015

A non‐isolated dc–dc converter with a wide step‐down voltage gain is presented, which combines one coupled inductor and two energy‐transferring capacitors. The corresponding voltage conversion ratio is much lower than that of the traditional synchronously rectified buck converter, and the proposed converter can achieve an extremely low output voltage by adjusting the turns ratio and duty cycle. Furthermore, the proposed converter can achieve zero‐voltage‐switching turn‐on, and the leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor can be recycled to the capacitors, thereby causing the voltage spikes on some of the switches and all diodes to be quite low. In this study, theoretical deductions and experimental results are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter.