bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The General Linear Model
Authors: von Eye Alexander , Wiedermann Wolfgang
Published: June 2023

General Linear Model methods are the most widely used in data analysis in applied empirical research. Still, there exists no compact text that can be used in statistics courses and as a guide in data analysis. This volume fills this void by introducing the General Linear Model (GLM), whose basic concept is that an observed variable can be explained from weighted independent variables plus an additive error term that reflects imperfections of the model and measurement error. It also covers multivariate regression, analysis of variance, analysis under consideration of covariates, variable selection methods, symmetric regression, and the recently developed methods of recursive partitioning and direction dependence analysis. Each method is formally derived and embedded in the GLM, and characteristics of these methods are highlighted. Real-world data examples illustrate the application of each of these methods, and it is shown how results can be interpreted.
A fluid–solid momentum exchange method for the prediction of hydroelastic responses of flexible water entry problems
Authors: Tavakoli Sasan , Mikkola Tommi , Hirdaris Spyros
Published: June 2023

The paper presents a Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) method for hydroelastic water entry. The method assumes that the momentum exchange between the fluid and solid body can be used for the calculation of pressure, deformation and stresses arising during impact. The flexible fluid–structure interactions of flat plates entering water are solved using a computational code that employs the finite volume method to discretise both fluid and solid equations. This provides a better matching of momentum on the fluid–solid interface. The momentum arising in the solid body that emerges after the impact is defined as the momentum exchange, and is shown to increase linearly under the increase of non-dimensional impact speed. The ratio of the maximum pressure arising in an elastic body entering water to that of a rigid body is termed relative pressure and is shown to decrease linearly as a function of momentum exchange. The latter verifies the main hypothesis of this paper, namely that ‘the pressure acting on an elastic body can be predicted using an unsophisticated equation that uses the momentum exchange.’ The deformation and stresses arising in elastic plates entering water are demonstrated to be functions of momentum exchange and can be found using simple equations formulated via parametrisation of data. It is concluded that subject to further validation, the method could be extended for the prediction of hydroelastic response of other sections/bodies entering water.
Extracellular vesicle microRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation may contribute to dementia with Lewy bodies molecular pathology
Authors: Isik Fatma Busra , Knight Helen Miranda , Rajkumar Anto P.
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common dementia. Advancing our limited understanding of its molecular pathogenesis is essential for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DLB. DLB is an α-synucleinopathy, and small extracellular vesicles (SEV) from people with DLB can transmit α-synuclein oligomerisation between cells. Post-mortem DLB brains and serum SEV from those with DLB share common miRNA signatures, and their functional implications are uncertain. Hence, we aimed to investigate potential targets of DLB-associated SEV miRNA and to analyse their functional implications.

Methods:

We identified potential targets of six previously reported differentially expressed miRNA genes in serum SEV of people with DLB (MIR26A1,MIR320C2,MIR320D2,MIR548BA,MIR556, andMIR4722) usingmiRBaseandmiRDBdatabases. We analysed functional implications of these targets usingEnrichRgene set enrichment analysis and analysed their protein interactions usingReactomepathway analysis.

Results:

These SEV miRNA may regulate 4278 genes that were significantly enriched among the genes involved in neuronal development, cell-to-cell communication, vesicle-mediated transport, apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle, post-translational protein modifications, and autophagy lysosomal pathway, after Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction at 5%. The miRNA target genes and their protein interactions were significantly associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders and with multiple signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and cytokine signalling pathways.

Conclusion:

Our findings providein-silicoevidence that potential targets of DLB-associated SEV miRNAs may contribute to Lewy pathology by transcriptional regulation. Experimental validation of these dysfunctional pathways is warranted and could lead to novel therapeutic avenues for DLB.
The Right and the (Provincial) Welfare State: The Case of the Coalition Avenir Québec Government
Authors: Béland Daniel , Dinan Shannon , Jacques Olivier , Marier Patrik
Published: June 2023

In this article, we study how political parties located on the right of the political spectrum adapt to changing electoral and political constraints. Drawing on the concept of policy feedback, we turn to the politics of social policy in the province of Quebec to show that the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ), a right-wing party, embraced a more centrist strategy than the preferences of its electoral base would suggest. The CAQ has rejected the austerity policies associated with the previous government and has favoured social policy expansion rather than tax cuts or a quicker return to balanced budgets. We then explore the reasons for this move toward the centre. Our evidence suggests that self-reinforcing feedback effects from existing policies shape public opinion and electoral strategies, which contribute to moderating the actions of this right-wing governing party.
Granitic magmatism associated with gold mineralization: evidence from the Baizhangzi gold deposit, in the northern North China Craton
Authors: Zhao Zhi-xiong , Xu Wei-jun , Dong Guo-chen , Santosh M , Li Hong-bin , Chang Ze-guang
Published: June 2023

The relationship between magmatism and gold mineralization has been a topic of interest in understanding the formation of ore deposits. The Baizhangzi gold deposit, located in the northern margin of the North China Craton, is hosted by the Baizhangzi granite (BZG) and provides a case to evaluate the relation between granite and gold mineralization in Late Triassic. In this study, we present petrography, bulk geochemistry, zircon U-Pb isotope and trace elements data, as well as major elements of biotite and plagioclase for the BZG to evaluate the petrogenesis and link with gold mineralization. The BZG comprises biotite monzogranite, biotite-bearing monzogranite and monzogranite (BZGs). Zircon U-Pb geochronology shows that all the granitoids of BZGs were coeval with a formation age of 232 Ma. The granitoids, with high SiO2, Al2O3and Sr, while low Y and Yb, show adakitic affinity. They are enriched in LILFs (e.g., Rb, Ba, Th, U and Sr) and LREEs, while depletion in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti). The geochemical and mineral chemical data suggest that the granitoids have experienced the fractional crystallization of biotite + plagioclase + K- feldspar + apatite. Crystallization temperature is estimated as ca. 700°C, and pressure is between 0.71 kbar and 1.60 kbar. The monzogranite shows higher values of logfO2, △FMQ and △NNO than the biotite-bearing monzogranite, ranging from −19.76 to −11.71, −4.93 to +3.67 and −5.48 to +3.11, respectively. The fractional crystallization, together with highfO2, K-metasomatism and low evolution degree, provided favourable conditions for gold mineralization.
Use of pointing in parent-child interactions by hearing children of deaf and hearing parents: A follow-up from 1- to 3-years of age
Authors: KANTO Laura , LAAKSO Minna , HUTTUNEN Kerttu
Published: June 2023

Pointing plays a significant role in communication and language development. However, in spoken languages pointing has been viewed as a non-verbal gesture, whereas in sign languages, pointing is regarded to represent a linguistic unit of language. This study compared the use of pointing between seven bilingual hearing children of deaf parents (Kids of Deaf Adults [KODAs]) interacting with their deaf parents and five hearing children interacting with their hearing parents. Data were collected in 6-month intervals from the age of 1;0 to 3;0. Pointing frequency among the deaf parents and KODAs was significantly higher than among the hearing parents and their children. In signing dyads pointing frequency remained stable, whereas in spoken dyads it decreased during the follow-up. These findings suggested that pointing is a fundamental element of parent-child interaction, regardless of the language, but is guided by the modality, gestural and linguistic features of the language in question.
Structural complexity reduction in English–French bilingual children’s event encoding
Authors: ENGEMANN Helen
Published: June 2023

Previous research on the L1 acquisition of motion event expression suggests that mapping multiple semantic components onto syntactic units is associated with greater difficulties in verb-framed than in satellite-framed languages, because the former require more complex structures (using subordination). This study investigated the impact of this language-specific difference in English–French bilingual children’s caused motion expressions. 2L1 children (n = 96) between 4 and 10 years and monolingual English and French children (n = 96) described video animations portraying caused motion events involving multiple semantic components. Results revealed reduced rates of subordinate constructions in bilinguals’ French descriptions, and more so in older than younger children, while English responses aligned with monolinguals. Semantic density of responses strongly predicted syntactic complexity, but exclusively in French. These asymmetric findings indicate a task-specific syntactic relief strategy and are discussed in the context of theoretical claims about universal biases of event encoding and bilingual-specific optimisation strategies.
Disruption of the serial position effect as an early marker of Alzheimer’s disease in Spanish–English bilinguals
Authors: Mizrahi Reina , Cromheecke Oona , Salmon David P. , Gollan Tamar H.
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

The present study examined if disruption of serial position effects in list recall could serve as an early marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Spanish–English bilinguals.

Methods:

We tested 20 participants initially diagnosed as cognitively normal or with mild cognitive impairment who declined and eventually received a diagnosis of AD (decliners), and 37 who remained cognitively stable (controls) over at least 2 years. Participants were tested on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Word List Learning Test in English or Spanish as part of an annual neuropsychological evaluation.

Results:

Compared to controls, decliners exhibited significantly reduced recall including reduced primacy scores (i.e., items recalled from the first three list items on Trial 1), whereas recency scores (i.e., items recalled from the last 3 list items on Trial 1) were equivalent in decliners and controls. Further analyses suggested that the sensitivity of the primacy effect to preclinical AD was initially stronger in participants tested in Spanish, a surprising finding given that the CERAD was developed for English speakers. However, in the subsequent year of testing, primacy scores declined to the same level regardless of language of testing.

Conclusions:

Several list learning measures may facilitate early diagnosis of AD in Spanish–English bilinguals, possibly including the relatively understudied primacy effect. Additional studies are needed to investigate the possibility that linguistic or demographic variables might modulate sensitivity of list learning tests to preclinical AD, which could lead to broader improvements in their utility for early diagnosis of AD in all populations.
Towards an Effective Appellate Mechanism for ISDS Tribunals
Authors: Kucik Jeffrey , Puig Sergio
Published: June 2023

This Article identifies the problems of an Appellate Mechanism for ISDS Tribunals in relation with its possible benefits. We propose the inclusion of certain design features to improve the working of an eventual Appellate Mechanism and help mitigate problems related to procedural, conflict resolution, and substantive concerns. We finish by identifying the most central problems with a possible Appellate Mechanism, which helps to narrow down options within the ongoing reform process at UNCITRAL. Overall, we illustrate how institutional choice is always contextual and that all institutional options are imperfect and subject to important trade-offs.
Colombian City Pioneers Path to “Early Warnings for All”
Authors: Palmer Jane
Published: June 2023

Medell�n alerts citizens to floods, landslides, fires, lightning, and poor air quality.
Stable Carbon Isotope Signature of Methane Released From Phytoplankton
Authors: Klintzsch T. , Geisinger H. , Wieland A. , Langer G. , Nehrke G. , Bizic M. , Greule M. , Lenhart K. , Borsch C. , Schroll M. , Keppler F.
Published: June 2023

Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in global methane cycling and many field studies have reported methane supersaturation in the oxic surface mixed layer (SML) of the ocean and in the epilimnion of lakes. The origin of methane formed under oxic condition is hotly debated and several pathways have recently been offered to explain the “methane paradox.” In this context, stable isotope measurements have been applied to constrain methane sources in supersaturated oxygenated waters. Here we present stable carbon isotope signatures for six widespread marine phytoplankton species, three haptophyte algae and three cyanobacteria, incubated under laboratory conditions. The observed isotopic patterns implicate that methane formed by phytoplankton might be clearly distinguished from methane produced by methanogenic archaea. Comparing results from phytoplankton experiments with isotopic data from field measurements, suggests that algal and cyanobacterial populations may contribute substantially to methane formation observed in the SML of oceans and lakes.
Reduction in regulatory T cells in preterm newborns is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Pacella Ilenia , Di Chiara Maria , Prota Rita , De Luca Chiara , Cardillo Annalisa , Potenza Elena , Grimaldos Alessandra Pinzon , Pinna Valeria , Piconese Silvia , Terrin Gianluca
Published: June 2023

Background

Despite multifactorial pathogenesis, dysregulation of inflammatory immune response may play a crucial role in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in immune tolerance early in life. We aimed to investigate the predicting role of Tregs in developing NEC in neonates at high risk.

Methods

We studied six newborns with a diagnosis of NEC (cases) in comparison with 52 controls (without NEC). We further classified controls as neonates with feeding intolerance (FI) and neonates without it (FeedTol). The rate of female and male neonates (sex defined as a biological attribute) was similar. We analyzed the blood frequency of Tregs (not overall numbers) at three time points: 0–3 (T0), 7–10 (T1), and 27–30 (T2) days after birth by flow cytometry. Neonates’ sex was defined based on the inspection of external genitalia at birth.

Results

We observed, at T0, a significantly lower frequency of Tregs in NEC cases (p < 0.001) compared with both FI (p < 0.01) and FeedTol controls (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis reported that the occurrence of NEC was independently influenced by Treg frequency at birth (ß 2.98; p = 0.039).

Conclusion

Tregs frequency and features in the peripheral blood of preterm neonates, early in life, may contribute to identifying neonates at high risk of developing NEC.

Impact

Regulatory T cells may play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response in early life. Reduction of Tregs in early life could predispose preterm newborns to necrotizing enterocolitis.

Early markers of necrotizing enterocolitis are still lacking. We demonstrated a predicting role of assessment of regulatory T cells in the diagnosis of this gastrointestinal emergency.

Early identification of newborns at high risk of necrotizing enterocolitis through measurement of regulatory T cells may guide clinicians in the management of preterm newborns in order to reduce the development of this severe condition.
PersonALL: a genetic scoring guide for personalized risk assessment in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bedics Gábor , Egyed Bálint , Kotmayer Lili , Benard-Slagter Anne , de Groot Karel , Bekő Anna , Hegyi Lajos László , Bátai Bence , Krizsán Szilvia , Kriván Gergely , Erdélyi Dániel J. , Müller Judit , Haltrich Irén , Kajtár Béla , Pajor László , Vojcek Ágnes , Ottóffy Gábor , Ujfalusi Anikó , Szegedi István , Tiszlavicz Lilla Györgyi , Bartyik Katalin , Csanádi Krisztina , Péter György , Simon Réka , Hauser Péter , Kelemen Ágnes , Sebestyén Endre , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Matolcsy András , Kiss Csongor , Kovács Gábor , Savola Suvi , Bödör Csaba , Alpár Donát
Published: June 2023

Background

Recurrent genetic lesions provide basis for risk assessment in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, current prognostic classifiers rely on a limited number of predefined sets of alterations.

Methods

Disease-relevant copy number aberrations (CNAs) were screened genome-wide in 260 children with B-cell precursor ALL. Results were integrated with cytogenetic data to improve risk assessment.

Results

CNAs were detected in 93.8% (n = 244) of the patients. First, cytogenetic profiles were combined withIKZF1status (IKZF1normal,IKZF1delandIKZF1plus) and three prognostic subgroups were distinguished with significantly different 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rates, IKAROS-low (n = 215): 86.3%, IKAROS-medium (n = 27): 57.4% and IKAROS-high (n = 18): 37.5%. Second, contribution of genetic aberrations to the clinical outcome was assessed and an aberration-specific score was assigned to each prognostically relevant alteration. By aggregating the scores of aberrations emerging in individual patients, personalized cumulative values were calculated and used for defining four prognostic subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes. Two favorable subgroups included 60% of patients (n = 157) with a 5-year EFS of 96.3% (excellent risk,n = 105) and 87.2% (good risk,n = 52), respectively; while 40% of patients (n = 103) showed high (n = 74) or ultra-poor (n = 29) risk profile (5-year EFS: 67.4% and 39.0%, respectively).

Conclusions

PersonALL, our conceptually novel prognostic classifier considers all combinations of co-segregating genetic alterations, providing a highly personalized patient stratification.
Thermoelectric signature of quantum critical phase in a doped spin-liquid candidate
Authors: Wakamatsu K. , Suzuki Y. , Fujii T. , Miyagawa K. , Taniguchi H. , Kanoda K.
Published: June 2023

Quantum spin liquid is a nontrivial magnetic state of longstanding interest, in which spins are strongly correlated and entangled but do not order; further intriguing is its doped version, which possibly hosts strange metal and unconventional superconductivity. A promising candidate of the doped spin liquid is a triangular-lattice organic conductor, κ-(BEDT-TTF)4Hg2.89Br8, recently found to hold metallicity, spin-liquid-like magnetism, and BEC-like superconductivity. The nature of the metallic state with the spin-liquid behaviour is awaiting to be further clarified. Here, we report the thermoelectric signature that mobile holes in the spin liquid background are in a quantum critical state and it pertains to the BEC-like superconductivity. The Seebeck coefficient divided by temperature, S/T, is enhanced on cooling with logarithmic divergence indicative of quantum criticality. Furthermore, the logarithmic enhancement is correlated with the superconducting transition temperature under pressure variation, and the temperature and magnetic field profile of S/T upon the superconducting transition change with pressure in a consistent way with the previously suggested BEC-BCS crossover. The present results reveal that the quantum criticality in a doped spin liquid emerges in a phase, not at a point, and is involved in the unconventional BEC-like nature.
Non-line-of-sight snapshots and background mapping with an active corner camera
Authors: Seidel Sheila , Rueda-Chacón Hoover , Cusini Iris , Villa Federica , Zappa Franco , Yu Christopher , Goyal Vivek K
Published: June 2023

The ability to form reconstructions beyond line-of-sight view could be transformative in a variety of fields, including search and rescue, autonomous vehicle navigation, and reconnaissance. Most existing active non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging methods use data collection steps in which a pulsed laser is directed at several points on a relay surface, one at a time. The prevailing approaches include raster scanning of a rectangular grid on a vertical wall opposite the volume of interest to generate a collection of confocal measurements. These and a recent method that uses a horizontal relay surface are inherently limited by the need for laser scanning. Methods that avoid laser scanning to operate in a snapshot mode are limited to treating the hidden scene of interest as one or two point targets. In this work, based on more complete optical response modeling yet still without multiple illumination positions, we demonstrate accurate reconstructions of foreground objects while also introducing the capability of mapping the stationary scenery behind moving objects. The ability to count, localize, and characterize the sizes of hidden objects, combined with mapping of the stationary hidden scene, could greatly improve indoor situational awareness in a variety of applications.
Using a physics-informed neural network and fault zone acoustic monitoring to predict lab earthquakes
Authors: Borate Prabhav , Rivière Jacques , Marone Chris , Mali Ankur , Kifer Daniel , Shokouhi Parisa
Published: June 2023

Predicting failure in solids has broad applications including earthquake prediction which remains an unattainable goal. However, recent machine learning work shows that laboratory earthquakes can be predicted using micro-failure events and temporal evolution of fault zone elastic properties. Remarkably, these results come from purely data-driven models trained with large datasets. Such data are equivalent to centuries of fault motion rendering application to tectonic faulting unclear. In addition, the underlying physics of such predictions is poorly understood. Here, we address scalability using a novel Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN). Our model encodes fault physics in the deep learning loss function using time-lapse ultrasonic data. PINN models outperform data-driven models and significantly improve transfer learning for small training datasets and conditions outside those used in training. Our work suggests that PINN offers a promising path for machine learning-based failure prediction and, ultimately for improving our understanding of earthquake physics and prediction.
Impaired mnemonic discrimination in children and adolescents at risk for schizophrenia
Authors: İmamoğlu Aslıhan , Wahlheim Christopher N. , Belger Aysenil , S. Giovanello Kelly
Published: June 2023

People with schizophrenia and their high-risk, first-degree relatives report widespread episodic memory impairments that are purportedly due, at least in part, to failures of mnemonic discrimination. Here, we examined the status of mnemonic discrimination in 36 children and adolescents (aged 11–17 years) with and without familial risk for schizophrenia by employing an object-based recognition task called the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The MST assesses the ability to discriminate between studied images and unstudied images that are either perceptually similar to studied images or completely novel. We compared 16 high-risk, unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or schizoaffective disorder to 20 low-risk, control participants. High-risk participants showed worse mnemonic discrimination than low-risk participants, with no difference in recognition memory or perceptual discrimination. Our findings demonstrate that mnemonic discrimination deficits previously observed in people with schizophrenia are also present in their young, high-risk, first-degree relatives.
Validation of collaborative cyberspace virtual reality oculometry enhanced with near real-time spatial audio
Authors: Maloca Peter M. , Zarranz-Ventura Javier , Valmaggia Philippe , Faludi Balázs , Zelechowski Marek , Tufail Adnan , Zentai Norbert Z. , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Cattin Philippe C.
Published: June 2023

Currently, most medical image data, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, are displayed in two dimensions on a computer screen. Advances in computer information technology have contributed to the growing storage of these data in electronic form. However, the data are usually processed only locally on site. To overcome such hurdles, a cyberspace virtual reality (csVR) application was validated, in which interactive OCT data were presented simultaneously to geographically distant sites (Lucerne, London, and Barcelona) where three graders independently measured the ocular csVR OCT diameters. A total of 109 objects were measured, each three times, resulting in a total of 327 csVR measurements. A minor mean absolute difference of 5.3 µm was found among the 3 measurements of an object (standard deviation 4.2 µm, coefficient of variation 0.3% with respect to the mean object size). Despite the 5 h of online work, csVR was well tolerated and safe. Digital high-resolution OCT data can be remotely and collaboratively processed in csVR. With csVR, measurements and actions enhanced with spatial audio communication can be made consistently in near real time, even if the users are situated geographically far apart. The proposed visuo-auditory framework has the potential to further boost the convenience of digital medicine toward csVR precision and collaborative medicine.
Going beyond established model systems of Alzheimer’s disease: companion animals provide novel insights into the neurobiology of aging
Authors: de Sousa Alexandra A. , Rigby Dames Brier A. , Graff Emily C. , Mohamedelhassan Rania , Vassilopoulos Tatianna , Charvet Christine J.
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by brain plaques, tangles, and cognitive impairment. AD is one of the most common age-related dementias in humans. Progress in characterizing AD and other age-related disorders is hindered by a perceived dearth of animal models that naturally reproduce diseases observed in humans. Mice and nonhuman primates are model systems used to understand human diseases. Still, these model systems lack many of the biological characteristics of Alzheimer-like diseases (e.g., plaques, tangles) as they grow older. In contrast, companion animal models (cats and dogs) age in ways that resemble humans. Both companion animal models and humans show evidence of brain atrophy, plaques, and tangles, as well as cognitive decline with age. We embrace a One Health perspective, which recognizes that the health of humans is connected to those of animals, and we illustrate how such a perspective can work synergistically to enhance human and animal health. A comparative biology perspective is ideally suited to integrate insights across veterinary and human medical disciplines and solve long-standing problems in aging.
Intrinsic bond strength index as a halogen bond interaction energy predictor
Authors: Šivickytė Ona , Costa Paulo J.
Published: June 2023

IBSI values linearly correlate with the interaction energy of diverse sets of halogen-bonded complexes and therefore can be used to quantitatively predict halogen bond strength.
Rational design of functional amyloid fibrillar assemblies
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Zhang Shengnan , Zhang Jicong , Wang Yaomin , Jiang Xiaoyu , Tao Youqi , Li Dan , Zhong Chao , Liu Cong
Published: June 2023

This review highlights the design principles for functional amyloid fibrillar assemblies from an engineering perspective as well as through the lens of structural insights.
3D vascularised proximal tubules-on-a-multiplexed chip model for enhanced cell phenotypes
Authors: Carracedo Miguel , Robinson Sanlin , Alaei Babak , Clausen Maryam , Hicks Ryan , Belfield Graham , Althage Magnus , Bak Annette , Lewis Jennifer A. , Hansen Pernille B. L. , Williams Julie M.
Published: June 2023

Incremental increases in complexity in a model of the vascularised proximal tubule give rise to increased maturity and improved physiology.
Photo-induced crosslinking uncovers an antiparallel strand orientation in heterodimeric (EIAALEK)3/(KIAALKE)3and (EIAALEK)3/(RIAALRE)3coiled-coil systems
Authors: Aerssens D. , Miret-Casals L. , Gomez D. , Sousa-Neves D. , Levy Y. , De Vleesschouwer M. , Manicardi A. , Madder A.
Published: June 2023

Experimental and computational support is provided for co-existence of parallel and antiparallel conformations of the E3/K3 and E3/R3 coiled-coil systems in solution.
MobCal-MPI 2.0: an accurate and parallelized package for calculating field-dependent collision cross sections and ion mobilities
Authors: Haack Alexander , Ieritano Christian , Hopkins W. Scott
Published: June 2023

MobCal-MPI-2.0, the first major update from its predecessor, calculates an ion's CCS and high-field mobility with optimized accuracy and efficiency.
Catalyst-controlled regiodivergent C–H bond alkenylation of 2-pyridylthiophenes
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhou Pengfei , Zhao Yaokun , Liu Yeran , Liang Taoyuan , Jiang Jun , Zhang Zhuan
Published: June 2023

A novel and effective RhIII- and PdII-controlled switchable C–H alkenylation of 2-pyridylthiophenes with alkenes is realized.
FeSe2nanocrystalline aggregated microspheres with ultrahigh pseudocapacitive contribution for enhanced sodium-ion storage
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Hou Yihang , Deng Gencheng , Liu Zhuofan , Li Yonghao , Zhu Denggui , Guo Dongjie , Sun Sunmin
Published: June 2023

FeSe2nanocrystalline aggregated pomegranate-like microspheres with ultrahigh pseudocapacitive contribution were obtained through hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing treatment, thereby enhancing sodium ion storage.
Cocrystallization of lenvatinib and temozolomide to improve the performance in terms of stability, dissolution, and tabletability
Authors: Wang Zhi-Qing , Dai Xia-Lin , Gu Dai-Lin , Wu Chao , Lu Tong-Bu , Long Xiang-Tian , Chen Jia-Mei
Published: June 2023

Cocrystallization of two anti-melanoma drugs, lenvatinib and temozolomide, resulted in two drug–drug cocrystal solvates presenting improved performance in terms of stability, dissolution, and tabletability, which show great potential to be developed as a drug combination.
Effect of vacancy defects on transport in all-phosphorene nanoribbon devices from first principles
Authors: Huang Jingyuan , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Yin , Yin Haitao
Published: June 2023

(1) A double-vacancy defect can introduce in-gap states whereas a single-vacancy defect can result in p-type doping; (2) an edge state masks the effect of point defects on transport in all-phosphorene nanoribbon device.
The effect of histidine behaviors on the structural properties of Aβ(1–42) peptide in protonation stage one, two, and three
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Changgui , Wang Jinping , Shi Hu
Published: June 2023

The structural properties and aggregation tendency of Aβ(1–42) are significantly influenced by the protonation behavior of histidine. Notably, the (pεε), (pεp), and (ppp) forms exhibit high averaged β-sheet contents with three-strand structures.
ESAMP: event-sourced architecture for materials provenance management and application to accelerated materials discovery
Authors: Statt Michael J. , Rohr Brian A. , Brown Kris , Guevarra Dan , Hummelshøj Jens , Hung Linda , Anapolsky Abraham , Gregoire John M. , Suram Santosh K.
Published: June 2023

We present a generalizable database architecture ESAMP that captures the complete provenance associated with a material. We demonstrate this architecture and provenance based machine learning on one of the largest experimental materials databases.
Examining the reactivity of tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane with Lewis bases and application in frustrated Lewis pair Si–H bond cleavage
Authors: Vashisth Kanika , Dutta Sanjay , Akram Manjur O. , Martin Caleb D.
Published: June 2023

Reactions of tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane with Lewis bases reveals only small bases bind. The tremendous bulk and Lewis acidity is leveraged in frustrated Lewis pair Si–H cleavage with a wider range of Lewis bases and greater efficacy than B(C6F5)3.
Benzylic C–H arylation with dicyanoarenesviaconvergent paired electrolysis
Authors: Tang Shanyu , Vincent Guillaume
Published: June 2023

We describe the convergent paired electrolysis of methylarene derivatives and 1,4-dicyanoarenes to perform the arylative functionalization of a benzylic C(sp3)–H bond to form 1,1-biarylmethane derivatives.
Covalent organic frameworks embedding single cadmium sites for efficient carboxylative cyclization of CO2with propargylic amines
Authors: Zhang Yize , Li Hangshuai , He Xingyue , Wang Aiqing , Bai Guoyi , Lan Xingwang
Published: June 2023

Single cadmium sites on covalent organic frameworks promote adsorption and activation of CO2to efficiently catalyze cyclization of propargylic amines.
Preparation of carbon nanotube-reinforced polyethylene nanocomposites with better anti-scaling and corrosion-resistant properties
Authors: Sun Binbin , Liu Qian , Gao Yuxin , Han Liang , Zhang Rui , Zhang Chenxi , Jia Xilai
Published: June 2023

Carbon nanotube-reinforced polyethylene nanocomposites have been prepared and show good anti-scaling and corrosion-resistant properties.
Copper-promoted indirect trifluoromethylthiolation of sulfuryl chloride with TMSCF3: facile access to trifluoromethyl thioethers
Authors: Zheng Changge , Zhao Kui , Jiang Chao , Feng Ruilong , Li Chunxiang , Chen Xifei , Wei Chongbin , Gong Xinxin , Hong Jianquan
Published: June 2023

Trifluoromethyl thioether compounds were synthesized by a simple, mild and efficient method.
Preparation and properties of polyacrylamide/cellulose nanocrystal/reduced graphene oxide interpenetrating network composite hydrogels
Authors: Meng Lingling , Li Weihao , Ding Shijie , Liu En , Liu Da
Published: June 2023

In this paper, acrylamide (AM), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used as raw materials to prepare PAM/CNC/rGO interpenetrating network composite hydrogels by in situ free radical polymerization.
Nanoporous silicon photocathodes with [Co] molecular catalyst for enhanced solar-driven hydrogen generation
Authors: Xie Luo-Han , Dagnaw Fentahun Wondu , Yao Ming-Ming , Chen Yi-Jing , Chen Jing , Jian Jing-Xin , Tong Qing-Xiao
Published: June 2023

Efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting by nanoporous Si photocathode using Co(dmgH)2(py)Cl as H2-evolution catalyst under illumination of simulated sunlight.
Introduction to nanoscale quantum technologies
Authors: Dai Qing , Lu Chao-Yang , Sun Zhipei
Published: June 2023

Qing Dai, Chao-Yang Lu and Zhipei Sun introduce the Nanoscale themed collection on Nanoscale quantum technologies.
Thiol-promoted intermolecular cyclization to synthesize 1,2,4-oxadiazoles including tioxazafen under transition metal-free conditions
Authors: Yan Congcong , Zhang Min , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Jinli , Wu Yangjie
Published: June 2023

A strategy for the construction of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-oxadiazoles by intermolecular cyclization of amidoximes with benzyl thiols was developed under transition metal-free conditions.
Palladium-catalyzed polar solvent empowered synthesis of hyper-branched ethylene oligomers and their applications
Authors: Birajdar Rajkumar S. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Pol Harshawardhan V. , Prabhu M. Basava , Rokade Dhammaraj , Nandimath Sheetal , Chikkali Samir H.
Published: June 2023

Neutral palladium complexes derived from naphthoxy imine ligands produce highly branched ethylene oligomers in polar solvents, which upon functionalization serve as compatibilizers between LLDPE and Nylon-6.
Molecular-level insight into the low-k properties and regulatory mechanisms of polybenzoxazines
Authors: Yuan Manlin , Lu Xin , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Xin Zhong
Published: June 2023

Polybenzoxazine PCBZ-aptmds has a dielectric constant of 2.62 at 1 MHz. The simulated dielectric constant is in good agreement with the experimental value. Furthermore, the dielectric constant highly correlates to the volume polarizability.
Suppressed vascular Rho-kinase activation is a protective cardiovascular mechanism in obese female mice
Authors: Barbosa Gabriela S. , Costa Rafael Menezes , Awata Wanessa M.C. , Singh Shubhnita , Alves Juliano V. , Bruder-Nascimento Ariane , Corrêa Camila R. , Bruder-Nascimento Thiago
Published: June 2023

Background: Obesity is the number one cardiovascular risk factor for both men and women and is a complex condition. Although a sex dimorphism on vascular function has already been noted, the underlying processes remain unclear. The Rho-kinase pathway has a unique role in controlling vascular tone, and in obese male mice, hyperactivation of this system results in worsened vascular constriction. We investigated whether female mice exhibit decreased Rho-kinase activation as a protective mechanism in obesity.

Methods: We exposed male and female mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. At the end, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, adipose tissue inflammation, and vascular function were investigated.

Results: Male mice were more sensitive to HFD-induced body weight gain, glucose tolerance, and inflammation than female mice. After establishing obesity, female mice demonstrated increase in energy expenditure, characterized by an increase in heat, whereas male mice did not. Interestingly, obese female mice, but not male, displayed attenuated vascular contractility to different agonists, such difference was blunted by inhibition of Rho-kinase, which was accompanied by a suppressed Rho-kinase activation, measured by Western blot. Finally, aortae from obese male mice displayed an exacerbated inflammation, whereas obese female demonstrated a mild vascular inflammation.

Conclusion: In obesity, female mice demonstrate a vascular protective mechanism—suppression of vascular Rho-kinase—to minimize the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity, whereas male mice do not generate any adaptive response. Future investigations can help to understand how Rho-kinase becomes suppressed in female during obesity.
Structural polymorphism of the PH domain in TFIIH
Authors: Okuda Masahiko , Nishimura Yoshifumi
Published: June 2023

The general transcription factor TFIIH is a multi-subunit complex involved in transcription, DNA repair, and cell cycle in eukaryotes. In the human p62 subunit and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tfb1 subunit of TFIIH, the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (hPH/scPH) recruits TFIIH to transcription-start and DNA-damage sites by interacting with an acidic intrinsically disordered region in transcription and repair factors. Whereas metazoan PH domains are highly conserved and adopt a similar structure, fungal PH domains are divergent and only the scPH structure is available. Here, we have determined the structure of the PH domain from Tfb1 of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (spPH) by NMR. spPH holds an architecture, including the core and external backbone structures, that is closer to hPH than to scPH despite having higher amino acid sequence identity to scPH. In addition, the predicted target-binding site of spPH shares more amino acid similarity with scPH, but spPH contains several key residues identified in hPH as required for specific binding. Using chemical shift perturbation, we have identified binding modes of spPH to spTfa1, a homologue of hTFIIEα, and to spRhp41, a homologue of the repair factors hXPC and scRad4. Both spTfa1 and spRhp41 bind to a similar but distinct surface of spPH by modes that differ from those of target proteins binding to hPH and scPH, revealing that the PH domain of TFIIH interacts with its target proteins in a polymorphic manner in Metazoa, and budding and fission yeasts.
Physiological Arousal, Attentiveness, Emotion, and Word Retrieval in Aphasia: Effects and Relationships
Authors: Harmon Tyson G. , Johnson Angela , Ward Vivian , Nissen Shawn L.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to (a) compare physiological arousal and attentiveness during a confrontational naming task between participants with aphasia and a control group across four conditions that varied according to emotionality of presented stimuli and (b) explore relationships among physiological arousal, attentiveness, perceived arousal, and naming performance. We hypothesized that participants with aphasia would show lower levels of arousal and attentiveness than control participants and that emotional conditions would lead to increased physiological arousal and attentiveness.

Method:

Eight participants with aphasia and 15 control participants completed a confrontational naming task under positive, negative, and neutral conditions and rated their perceived arousal after each. Electrophysiological recordings were taken during the entire experiment to obtain measures of heart rate (HR), HR variability, and skin conductance (SC). Videos of confrontational naming trials were rated based on visual signs of participant attentiveness during each trial.

Results:

Statistically significant group differences were found for HR, SC, and attentiveness ratings, but no differences were found in these measures among conditions. Correlational analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between attentiveness and response time, HR, and naming accuracy. Significant correlations were also found for HR and naming accuracy as well as perceived arousal and naming accuracy.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that decreased physiological arousal or attentiveness may contribute to naming deficits for people with aphasia (PWA). Assisting PWA to fully attend to and engage in therapy tasks may be important for accurate assessment of language functions and for achieving optimal benefit in treatment.
Normative Reference Values for FEES and VASES: Preliminary Data From 39 Nondysphagic, Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Curtis James A. , Borders James C. , Dakin Avery E. , Troche Michelle S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to establish preliminary reference values for the Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES)—a standardized rating methodology used to evaluate swallowing safety and efficiency for flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

Method:

FEES were completed in nondysphagic, community-dwelling adults using a standardized protocol of 15 swallowing trials that varied by bolus size, consistency, contrast agent, and swallowing instructions. FEES were blindly analyzed using VASES. Primary outcome measures included bolus location at swallow onset, Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores, and percentage-based residue ratings for six anatomic landmarks. Secondary outcome measures included sip size, bite size, and number of swallows.

Results:

Thirty-nine healthy adults completed the study, yielding an analysis of 584 swallows. Swallows were initiated with the bolus in the pharynx for 41.8% of trials. PAS 1 was the most common score, accounting for 75.3% of trials, followed by PAS 3, which accounted for 18.8% of trials. When residue was present (> 0%), the amount was relatively small across all anatomic landmarks, with median residue ratings of 2.0% (oropharynx), 1.5% (hypopharynx), 3.0% (epiglottis), 3.0% (laryngeal vestibule), and 3.5% (vocal folds). Five events of aspiration were observed, which were characterized by subglottic residue ratings of 1%, 3%, 10%, 24%, and 90%. The average sip size of self-selected volume cup sips of water was 19.8 ml, and the average bite size of a 3.0-g saltine cracker was 1.33 g. Moreover, 78% of the trials in this study protocol (except 90-ml trials) were completed in a single swallow.

Discussion:

The results from this study provide preliminary norms for VASES that could be used as a reference when assessing functional swallowing outcomes during FEES. While this is an important first step in establishing norms for FEES and VASES, clinicians and researchers should be mindful that the normative reference values from this study are from a relatively small study sample (
N
= 39), with most people below the age of 60 years (
n
= 30). Future research should expand on these norms by including a greater number of people across the age continuum and with greater racial, ethnic, and gender diversity.

Supplemental Material and Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23504325
The current status of mercury repair technology in the environment
Authors: Mu Kaijie , Fang YuJie , Wang Jingzhen
Published: June 2023

In recent years, due to the pollution of heavy metals in the environment, it has brought a serious crisis to my country's ecological balance, especially the pollution of heavy metal mercury (Hg), so the repair of mercury in the environment is crucial. At present, there are many technologies for repairing mercury in the environment. The main repair techniques include physical repair technology and chemical repair technology. However, there are many problems in these two repair methods, such as high repair costs, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution. Microbial repair method is a method of repairing the environment. It can not only adsorb and fix heavy metal mercury, and does not bring pollution to the environment. Therefore, using microorganisms to remove mercury in the environment is by far the most promising environmental repair technology.
Synthesis of ethyl 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy) picolinate
Authors: Dai Jintian , Zhang Jianqing , Liu Meng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Han , Tang Qidong , Zheng Pengwu
Published: June 2023

Cancer has seriously affected people's production and life. The appearance of anti-cancer drugs has brought good news to people. Ethyl 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy) picolinate is an important basic skeleton of a small molecule inhibitor of c-Met and a major intermediate in cancer therapy. A rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of compound 8 was established. Compound 8 was synthesized from picolinic acid by acylation and substitution. These steps were weight gain reaction. The synthesis method was optimized and the structure was confirmed by hydrogen NMR spectroscopy.
Interferon regulatory factor 3 is a potential biomarker to predict the process of atherosclerosis
Authors: Lu Shynie
Published: June 2023

Cardiovascular diseases is one of the major public health and medical concerns globally. Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque build-up narrows the blood vessels, ultimately preventing sufficient blood flow to the heart. In current research, the role played by the human innate immune system in the development of atherosclerosis is a topic of interest. Although the specific relations require further studies, macrophages have been identified to play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis due to their ability to mediate inflammation. Nevertheless, the mechanism that how macrophages cause inflammatory responses in atherosclerotic process and what is the risk factor that can describe the inflammation in clinic still remains unclear. This paper reviews the mechanism of macrophages to trigger inflammation and their relationships to atherosclerosis. In this study, Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) and its-related cytokine interleukin 1β was found to be upregulated in patients with acute coronary disease. Afterwards, the over-expressed IRF3 level and its RNA transcription was further confirmed in atherosclerotic ApoE-/-mice. Our results indicated that IRF3 was up-regulated during atherosclerotic process, which might be a potential biomarker of atherosclerosis and its-related coronary disease in clinic.