bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analytic Institute as a Psychic Retreat: Why We Need to Include Research Evidence in Our Clinical Training
Authors: Knox Jean
Published: October 2015

In this paper I discuss the diminishing role played by psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy in public sector mental health treatment services and explore the impact of this on the psychoanalytic profession and its trainees. I draw on the discipline of pragmatics to argue that we need to move from a theory‐based approach to clinical practice to a research‐based model in which we draw on an integration of evidence from a range of disciplines to build an understanding of the developmental and neuroscientific basis of psychological and emotional problems, with a particular focus on complexPTSDand its overlap with borderline personality disorder. I discuss how process research and outcome studies provide additional tools to add to our understanding of the clinical interaction in the consulting room. I discuss the implications of these findings for clinical practice and the need for clinicians to begin to integrate research into their training and professional development.
The Analyst's Path to Development: Remembering Important Influences
Authors: Zachary Anne
Published: October 2015

Retiring from the NHS and continuing with private practice relieves a pressure on time that allows for a broader pattern of daily pursuits as well as time for deeper reflection. I chanced to revisit the psychiatric hospital where I had worked early on in my career and from where I had embarked on specialist NHS training in psychotherapy and training in psychoanalysis. This visit led to another revisiting over time and in my mind, in which memories of the past arose in sharp profile, surprising me about aspects of events that I had forgotten. The unconscious links and associations are of interest to me considering that the memories involve current‐day places near to where I have lived and practised for many years since leaving the psychiatric hospital but I had not given conscious thought to their significance related to the past. The course of the remembering indirectly provides a modern history of the end of the asylum era in psychiatry.
When ‘Let's Pretend’ Goes Wrong: Failed Transitions
Authors: Morgan Sian
Published: October 2015

This paper is about the work of Françoise Dolto, a pioneering French child psychoanalyst, focusing on her understanding of separation, from the first major separation from the womb, through different stages in infancy and childhood. Her notion of ‘castration’ and ‘failed castrations’ is described and illustrated by the case history of a young patient whose transitions failed in the face of a traumatic family history. Françoise Dolto's work complements that of her contemporary Donald Winnicott. The paper explores some of the similarities and differences in their work.
Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two types of two‐piece dental implants supporting fixed reconstructions – results at 1 year of loading
Authors: Ebler Sabine , Ioannidis Alexis , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S.
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To analyze clinical, esthetic, radiographic, and prosthetic outcomes of implants and implant‐supported reconstructions using two types of dental implants with non‐matching implant abutment junctions.

Materials and methods

A total of 64 patients in need of dental implant therapy with fixed reconstructions were consecutively enrolled. They were randomly assigned to either one of two implant systems (S1: Astra Tech Osseospeed and S2: Straumann Bone Level). Baseline (day of loading) and 1‐year measurements included demographics, radiographic, clinical, biologic, prosthetic, and esthetic outcomes. All data were analyzed at the patient level and at the implant level. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to detect differences in continuous variables between two independent groups.

Results

Ninety‐seven implants (S1 = 54, S2 = 43) were placed and loaded with fixed reconstructions in 64 patients. No implant was lost during the 1‐year observation period resulting in a 100% survival rate for both implant systems. At the patient level, the mean marginal bone level at implant insertion was −1.30 mm (SD ± 1.00 mm) for S1 and −1.26 mm (±1.22 mm) for S2 (negative values indicating bone levels coronal to the implant shoulder). At the time of loading, these distances measured 0.29 mm (±0.44 mm) for S1 and 0.22 mm (±0.43 mm) for S2. At the 1‐year follow‐up, these distances were 0.37 mm (±0.39 mm) for S1 and 0.39 mm (±1.02 mm) for S2. Technical complications of the reconstructions only occurred in Group S1, with a rate of 12% (patient level) (P > 0.05). Biologic complications were observed at a rate of 6% (S1) and 3.2% (S2) at the patient level (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Both implant systems revealed 100% survival rates and minimal changes of the marginal bone levels during 1 year of loading. Few technical and biologic complications occurred. Therefore, both implant systems can be recommended for fixed reconstructions.
Pramipexole at a Low Dose Induces Beneficial Effect in the Harmaline‐induced Model of Essential Tremor in Rats
Authors: Kosmowska Barbara , Wardas Jadwiga , Głowacka Urszula , Ananthan Subramaniam , Ossowska Krystyna
Published: October 2015

Aims

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of preferential agonists of dopamine D3 receptors: pramipexole and 7‐OH‐DPAT on the harmaline‐induced tremor in rats (a model of essential tremor, ET). To study receptor mechanisms of these drugs, rats were pretreated with dopamine D3 receptor antagonists—SB‐277011‐A and SR‐21502, an antagonist of presynaptic D2/D3 receptors—amisulpride, or a nonselective antagonist of D2‐like receptors, haloperidol, at a postsynaptic dose.

Methods

For tremor measurement, fully automated force plate actimeters were used and data were analyzed using fast Fourier transform.

Results

Harmaline (15 mg/kg ip)‐triggered tremor was manifested by an increase in the power within 9–15 Hz band (AP2). Pramipexole administered at a low (0.1 mg/kg sc), but not higher doses (0.3 and 1 mg/kg sc), and 7‐OH‐DPAT (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg sc) reversed the harmaline‐increased AP2. None of the examined dopamine antagonists: SB‐277011‐A (10 mg/kg ip), SR‐21502 (15 mg/kg ip), haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg ip), or amisulpride (1 mg/kg ip) influenced the above effect of dopamine agonists.

Conclusion

The present study indicates that pramipexole reduces the harmaline‐induced tremor, which may suggest its beneficial effects in ET patients. However, mechanisms underlying its action are still unclear and need further examination.
Complementary benefits of tourism and hunting to communal conservancies in Namibia
Authors: Naidoo Robin , Weaver L. Chris , Diggle Richard W. , Matongo Greenwell , Stuart‐Hill Greg , Thouless Chris
Published: October 2015

Tourism and hunting both generate substantial revenues for communities and private operators in Africa, but few studies have quantitatively examined the trade‐offs and synergies that may result from these two activities. We evaluated financial and in‐kind benefit streams from tourism and hunting on 77 communal conservancies in Namibia from 1998 to 2013, where community‐based wildlife conservation has been promoted as a land‐use that complements traditional subsistence agriculture. We used data collected annually for all communal conservancies to characterize whether benefits were derived from hunting or tourism. We classified these benefits into 3 broad classes and examined how benefits flowed to stakeholders within communities under the status quo and under a simulated ban on hunting. Across all conservancies, total benefits from hunting and tourism increased at roughly the same rate, although conservancies typically started generating benefits from hunting within 3 years of formation as opposed to after 6 years for tourism. Disaggregation of data revealed that the main benefits from hunting were income for conservancy management and food in the form of meat for the community at large. The majority of tourism benefits were salaried jobs at lodges. A simulated ban on trophy hunting significantly reduced the number of conservancies that could cover their operating costs, whereas eliminating income from tourism did not have as severe an effect. Given that the benefits generated from hunting and tourism typically begin at different times in a conservancy's life‐span (earlier vs. later, respectively) and flow to different segments of local communities, these 2 activities together may provide the greatest incentives for conservation on communal lands in Namibia. A singular focus on either hunting or tourism would reduce the value of wildlife as a competitive land‐use option and have grave repercussions for the viability of community‐based conservation efforts in Namibia, and possibly other parts of Africa.
Time‐in‐a‐bottle (TIAB): a longitudinal, correlational study of patterns, potential predictors, and outcomes of immunosuppressive medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Russell Cynthia L. , Ashbaugh Catherine , Peace Leanne , Cetingok Muammer , Hamburger Karen Q. , Owens Sarah , Coffey Deanna , Webb Andrew W. , Hathaway Donna , Winsett Rebecca P. , Madsen Richard , Wakefield Mark R.
Published: October 2015

This study examined patterns, potential predictors, and outcomes of immunosuppressive medication adherence in a convenience sample of 121 kidney transplant recipients aged 21 yr or older from three kidney transplant centers using a theory‐based, descriptive, correlational, longitudinal design. Electronic monitoring was conducted for 12 months using electronic monitoring. Participants were persistent in taking their immunosuppressive medications, but execution, which includes both taking and timing, was poor. Older age was the only demographic variable associated with medication adherence (r = 0.25; p = 0.005). Of the potential predictors examined, only medication self‐efficacy was associated with medication non‐adherence, explaining about 9% of the variance (r = 0.31, p = 0.0006). The few poor outcomes that occurred were not significantly associated with medication non‐adherence, although the small number of poor outcomes may have limited our ability to detect a link. Future research should test fully powered, theory‐based, experimental interventions that include a medication self‐efficacy component.
Antiviral treatment for hepatitis B virus recurrence following liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Kwon Choon Hyuck D. , Moon Hyung Hwan , Kim Tae‐Seok , Roh Youngnam , Song Sanghyun , Shin Milljae , Kim Jong Man , Park Jae Berm , Kim Sung Joo , Joh Jae‐Won , Lee Suk‐Koo
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) following liver transplantation (LT) for HBV‐related disease and to recognize the outcome of treatment for HBV recurrence with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues. Six hundred and sixty‐seven LTs were performed for HBsAg‐positive adult patients in our institute from 1996 to 2010. HBV prophylaxis was performed by hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) monotherapy or HBIG and entecavir combination therapy. There were 63 cases (11.4%) of HBV recurrences during a median follow‐up of 51 months. The median time to HBV recurrence was 22 months. A preoperative HBV DNA load of more than 105 IU/mL, HBIG monotherapy, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the explant liver were independent risk factors for HBV recurrence following LT in multivariate analysis. Patient survival at 10 yr was 54.2% for HBV‐recurrent patients. Among patients with HBV recurrence, HBsAg seroclearance was achieved in 13 patients (20.6%), but HBsAg seroclearance did not affect survival in these patients after the recurrence of HBV (p = 0.28). The recurrence of HBV led to graft failure in six cases. HBV recurrence should be prevented by strict management of pre‐transplant HBV viremia and an effective post‐transplant HBV prophylaxis.
“Art Girls”: Philanthropy, Corporate Sponsorship, and Private Art Museums in Post‐Communist Russia
Authors: Milam Jennifer
Published: October 2015

Russian art sponsorship is dominated by women of the oligarch elite. Rather than dismissing this phenomenon as a faddish diversion of new money, this article takes a broader perspective on the motivations of these “art girls” along a trajectory of Russian women's involvement in patronage, philanthropy, and sponsorship extending back to the late eighteenth century. It considers how socio‐political circumstances have shaped philanthropy directed at the arts in Russia, and uses interviews to explore the reasons behind this recent focus on the contemporary in the sponsorship of exhibitions, art centers, and private museums in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Siberia.
Stay Behind the Yellow Line: Young Children Constructing Knowledge from an Art Exhibition
Authors: Clarkin‐Phillips Jeanette , Carr Margaret , Thomas Rebecca , Waitai Maiangi , Lowe Joanne
Published: October 2015

Studies exploring very young children visiting museums and art galleries are few. The majority of research about museum and gallery visitors explores family group interactions. This paper examines the findings of a study involving three‐ and four‐year‐old children visiting an art exhibition in a national museum on more than one occasion. The children's construction of knowledge about being a museum visitor and exhibitor indicates their ability to develop an appreciation of art and an understanding of the purposes of museums and art galleries.
745. TROPAEOLUM MINUS
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M.
Published: October 2015

Tropaeolum minus L. was the first nasturtium to appear in European gardens. It was already widespread in the 16th century, and hence it must have been among the first American plants to be cultivated widely in European gardens. It is a smaller species than T. majus L., the well‐known garden nasturtium, and has lost popularity since the latter was introduced. Its cultivation and uses are discussed.
754. ORNITHOGALUM MACULATUM
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: October 2015

The South African geophyte Ornithogalum maculatum Jacq. is a very variable spring‐flowering species occurring from Namaqualand to the Little Karoo. A particularly striking deep orange‐red, large‐flowered, citrus‐scented form from the Nieuwoudtville district is illustrated, along with details of its history, taxonomy and potential for cultivation and breeding.
755. EUCOMIS AMARYLLIDIFOLIA
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: October 2015

The summer‐growing dwarf geophyte Eucomis amaryllidifolia Baker is native to South Africa's Eastern Cape. Following an investigation into genome sizes of all species of Eucomis, the taxon is returned from subspecies to species status, and details of its history, taxonomy and cultivation are given, accompanied by a colour plate.
Gender Segregation, Effacement, and Suppression: Trends in the Status of Women inIsrael
Authors: Allon Michal L.
Published: October 2015

The aim of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of the exclusion of women from the public sphere inIsrael. The article describes some of the causes of this phenomenon, its impact on Israeli society, and the difficulty in confronting it.Israeli women have made impressive gains on many fronts, but the exclusion of women from the public sphere as a result of the influence of the growingUltra‐Orthodox minority, which imposes its norms on the general public, raises serious concerns. The exclusion of women manifests itself in several forms: gender segregation in public spaces, the effacement of women's images from the public sphere, and the suppression of women's voice. The infiltration of Orthodox Jewish fundamentalism into Israeli society may cause the regression of advancements previously made in women's rights inIsrael. The article points to the limitations of the treatment of this phenomenon within a theory of multiculturalism, and suggests an alternative framework of discourse, which relies on concepts that are drawn from the literature on environmental ethics, public rights, and public ownership of space and resources.
Challenging a Terrorist Tag in the Media: Framing the Politics of Resistance and an Iranian Opposition Group
Authors: Sheehan Ivan Sascha
Published: October 2015

Scholars have shown that media framing has a powerful effect on citizen perception and policy debates. Research has provided less insight into the ability of marginalized actors to promote their preferred frames in the media in a dynamic political context. The efforts of an exiled Iranian opposition group to get its name removed from official terror lists in the United States, United Kingdom, and EU provides a valuable platform to examine this problem. Using content analysis, I explore how the group promoted its frames in the opinion sections of major world news publications over nine years (2003–2012). I then examine the extent to which journalists aligned to its frames, as opposed to rival official frames, over time in the larger arena of news. The results support research showing that by nurturing small opportunities, marginalized political actors can expand media capacity and influence, but these effects are mediated at least in part by critical or focusing events that make rival frames less salient. The study sheds light on the complex relationship between activists, the government, and the media. It has implications for the ability of marginalized political actors to get their frames into public discourse. It also has implications for terror tagging and media coverage of other controversial issues.
Christian–Muslim Relations inEgypt in the Wake of theArabSpring
Authors: Rowe Paul S.
Published: October 2015

TheArabSpring protests that brought massive and largely unforeseen political change toEgypt included all sectors of society, including theEgyptianChristian population, known asCopts.Copts participated in large numbers in the protests that brought about regime change inFebruary 2011, but the broader implications of the revolution toCopts are unclear. In this essay,Iaddress the changes inChristian–Muslim relations that attended the development of a new republican regime inEgypt as a result of theArabSpring. While the former regime of PresidentHosniMubarak had formed a stable elite partnership with the hierarchy of theCopticOrthodoxChurch (a “neo‐millet” system), the 2011 revolution contributed to the erosion of this partnership in favor of a republican and pluralist model of citizenship in which individualCopts represent their own interests. The increasingly assertive public role of lay movements amongCopts, coupled with the death of theCopticPatriarch (pope) and his replacement by a younger successor, points to the continued erosion of the elite partnership in favor of the new model. Time will tell whether or not pluralist representation or a retrenched corporatism that favors the church will dominateChristian–Muslim relations inEgypt into the future.
Social Design in Arts and Letters
Authors: Chang Candy
Published: October 2015

Taiwanese American artist Candy Chang believes that public spaces can help us make sense of the beauty and tragedy in our lives.
Increasing Student Interest and Engagement with Business Cases by Turning Them into Consulting Exercises
Authors: Erzurumlu S. Sinan , Rollag Keith
Published: October 2015

How can you get undergraduate students more interested and engaged with business cases? Instead of using the traditional case teaching format, turn the case into a consulting exercise. Give students only the managerial dilemma and some starting information, form them into consulting teams, and then have each team requests additional case information by submitting a restricted number of questions. Through successive rounds, teams will gather enough information and data to analyze the situation and develop a set of recommendations. This approach transforms case‐based learning from a passive analysis of case details to an active process of discovery through smart questioning.
The Effectiveness of Delhi's Fire Safety Regulation Amidst Poverty, Ignorance, Corruption and Non‐Compliance
Authors: Cobin John M.
Published: October 2015

This paper considers the effectiveness of fire safety regulation in Delhi, India. Ten theories are summarised that are used to explain why regulation does or does not work, or why fires might increase. Can imperfect markets generate institutions outside of the political process that produce reasonable results despite challenges of poverty, rising population density, social chaos, widespread corruption and non‐compliance with rules? In Delhi, city fire departments, albeit hampered by dysfunctional or non‐existent regulation, along with social and individual incentives provided by markets, have produced a relatively high level of safety.
Isolated Left Ventricular Diastolic Collapse in Pericardial Tamponade: An Uncommon Echocardiographic Finding
Authors: Singh Vikas , Dwivedi Sudhanshu K. , Chandra Sharad , Sanguri Ritesh , Saran Ram Kirti
Published: October 2015

A case of circumferential moderate pericardial effusion causing isolated collapse of left ventricular cavity on two‐dimensional echocardiography is reported. Pericardial effusion, mostly of infective etiology, is relatively common in this part of the world. When large enough to cause tamponade, collapse of right atrium, right ventricle, and uncommonly left atrium can be seen. Left ventricular collapse is rare, both due to the larger muscle mass and higher chamber pressure.
SUBMISSION DEMAND IN CORE ECONOMICS JOURNALS: A PANEL STUDY
Authors: Zheng Yuqing , Kaiser Harry M.
Published: October 2015

We estimated the demand for submissions for the market for core economics journals using unique panel data on submissions for 2008 and 2013. We found that in determining which journals to submit a manuscript to, authors care about submission fee, journal quality as measured by rank and impact factor, and journal usages by authors (citations) and subscribers (library subscriptions). The finding on network effect running from libraries to authors may help justify the practice of open‐access journals, where subscription is free, but authors pay a hefty fee after manuscript acceptance. Our findings indicate that a $100 increase in submission fee can reduce the number of yearly submissions by up to 36 (or an elasticity of −0.11). General‐interest journals tend to receive a larger number of manuscript submissions while surprisingly the top five economics journals do not. (JEL L82, C21, A10)
Rent Seeking for Pure Public Goods: Wealth and Group's Size Heterogeneity
Authors: Nupia Oskar
Published: October 2015

We study how between‐group wealth and size asymmetries affect aggregate rent‐seeking efforts when two groups compete for the allocation of a pure public good. Unlike with previous analyses on between‐group asymmetries, we measure the utility cost of rent‐seeking in terms of the loss in private consumption an individual faces when contributing to this activity. Our main result is that fewer between‐group asymmetries do not necessarily imply greater aggregate rent‐seeking efforts. The result is at odds with the commonly held notion that the more homogeneous the contestants in a static rent‐seeking model, the greater the aggregate rent‐seeking efforts.
Expression of Wnt pathway genes in polyps and medusa‐like structures of Ectopleura larynx (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
Authors: Nawrocki Annalise M. , Cartwright Paulyn
Published: October 2015

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is conserved in its role in axial patterning throughout Metazoa. In some hydrozoans (Phylum Cnidaria), Wnt signaling is implicated in oral–aboral patterning of the different life cycle stages—the planula, polyp and medusa. Unlike most hydrozoans, members of Aplanulata lack a planula larva and the polyp instead develops directly from a brooded or encysted embryo. The Aplanulata species Ectopleura larynx broods such embryos within gonophores. These gonophores are truncated medusae that remain attached to the polyps from which they bud, and retain evolutionary remnants of medusa structures. In E. larynx, gonophores differ between males and females in their degree of medusa truncation, making them an ideal system for examining truncated medusa development. Using next‐generation sequencing, we isolated genes from Wnt signaling pathways and examined their expression in E. larynx. Our data are consistent with the Wnt pathway being involved in axial patterning of the polyp and truncated medusa. Changes in the spatial expression of Wnt pathway genes are correlated with the development of different oral structures in male and female gonophores. The absence of expression of components of the Wnt pathway and presence of a Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP in the developing anterior end of the gonophore suggest that downregulation of the Wnt pathway could play a role in medusa reduction in E. larynx.
Comparative gene expression analyses reveal heterochrony for Sox9 expression in the cranial neural crest during marsupial development
Authors: Wakamatsu Yoshio , Nomura Tadashi , Osumi Noriko , Suzuki Kunihiro
Published: October 2015

Compared to placental mammals, marsupials have short gestation period, and their neonates are relatively immature. Despite these features, marsupial neonates must travel from the birth canal to the teat, suckle and digest milk to complete development. Thus, certain organs and tissues of marsupial neonates, such as forelimbs to crawl and jaw elements to suckle, must develop early. Previous reports showed that cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, as the source of ectomesenchyme of jaw elements, are generated significantly early in gray short‐tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) compared to other amniote models, such as mouse. In this study, we examined the expression of genes known to be important for neural crest formation, such as BMP2/BMP4 (neural crest inducer), Pax7 (neural border specifier), Snail1 and Sox9/Sox10 (neural crest specifier) in Monodelphis domestica, and compared the expression patterns with those in mouse, chicken, and gecko embryos. Among those genes, the expression of Sox9 was turned on early and broadly in the premigratory CNC cells, and persisted in the ectomesenchyme of the cranial anlagen in opossum embryos. In contrast, Sox9 expression diminished in the CNC cells of other animals at the early phase of migration. Comparison of the onset of Pax7 and Sox9 expression revealed that Sox9 expression in the prospective CNC was earlier and broader than Pax7 expression in opossum, suggesting that the sequence of border specification and neural crest specification is altered. This study provides the first clue for understanding the molecular basis for the heterochronic development of the CNC cells and jaw elements in marsupials.
Trichome production and variation in young plant resistance to the specialist insect herbivore Plutella xylostella among natural populations of Arabidopsis lyrata
Authors: Puentes Adriana , Ågren Jon
Published: October 2015

The strength of plant‐herbivore interactions varies spatially and through plant ontogeny, which may result in variable selection on plant defense, both among populations and life‐history stages. To test whether populations have diverged in herbivore resistance at an early plant stage, we quantified oviposition preference and larval feeding by Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on young (5–6 weeks old) Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al‐Shehbaz (Brassicaceae) plants, originating from 12 natural populations, six from Sweden and six from Norway. Arabidopsis lyrata can be trichome‐producing or glabrous, with glabrous plants usually receiving more damage from insect herbivores in natural populations. We used the six populations polymorphic for trichome production to test whether resistance against P. xylostella differs between the glabrous and the trichome‐producing morph among young plants. There was considerable variation among populations in the number of eggs received and the proportion of leaf area consumed by P. xylostella, but not between regions (Sweden vs. Norway) or trichome morphs. Rosette size explained a significant portion of the variation in oviposition and larval feeding. The results demonstrate that among‐population variation in resistance to insect herbivory can be detected among very young individuals of the perennial herb A. lyrata. They further suggest that trichome densities are too low at this plant developmental stage to contribute to resistance, and that the observed among‐population variation in resistance is related to differences in other plant traits.
Physical leaf defenses – altered by Zea life‐history evolution, domestication, and breeding – mediate oviposition preference of a specialist leafhopper
Authors: Bellota Edwin , Medina Raul F. , Bernal Julio S.
Published: October 2015

Plant anti‐herbivore defenses are known to be affected by life‐history evolution, as well as by domestication and breeding in the case of crop species. A suite of plants from the maize genus Zea (Poaceae) and the specialist herbivore Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were used to test the hypothesis that anti‐herbivore defenses are affected by plant life‐history evolution and human intervention through domestication and breeding for high yield. The suite of plants included a maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) commercial hybrid, a maize landrace, two populations of the annual Balsas teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley), and perennial teosinte (Z. diploperennis Iltis, Doebley & Guzman). Leaf toughness, pubescence, and oviposition preference were compared among the suite of host plants looking for effects of transitions in life history (i.e., from perennial to annual life cycle), domestication (i.e., from wild annual to domesticated annual), and breeding (i.e., from landrace to hybrid maize) on defense against D. maidis. Results on leaf toughness suggested that the life‐history and domestication transitions weakened the plant's resistance to penetration by the mouthparts and ovipositor of D. maidis, whereas results on pubescence suggested that this putative defense was strengthened with the breeding transition, contrary to expectations. Results on oviposition preference of D. maidis coincided with the expectation that life‐history and domestication transitions would lead to preference for Balsas teosinte over perennial teosinte, and of landrace maize over Balsas teosinte. Also, a negative correlation suggested that oviposition preference is significantly influenced by leaf toughness. Overall, the results suggested that Zea defenses against the specialist herbivore D. maidis were variably affected by plant life‐history evolution, domestication, and breeding, and that chemical defense may play a role in Zea defense against D. maidis because leaf toughness and pubescence only partially explained its host preferences.
The Chronicle of Ireland: then and now
Authors: Flechner Roy
Published: October 2015

This is the first systematic analysis of the contents of the earliest monastic chronicle in the Latin west, the so‐called Chronicle of Ireland, which spans the years 431/2–911. It aims to establish the reasons for which the Chronicle was compiled, unravel the process of compilation, and challenge the generic classification of the Chronicle and other European chronicles of this kind as works of historiography. As an alternative, it is proposed that the Chronicle might have been compiled with an eschatological objective in mind. The present investigation is shown to have implications for our understanding of early medieval chronicling more generally.
Conquest, ceramics, continuity and change. Beyond representational approaches to continuity and change in early medieval England: a case study from Anglo‐Norman Southampton
Authors: Jervis Ben
Published: October 2015

Studies of Anglo‐Norman material culture, and pottery in particular, have struggled to see how processes of change are reflected in the material record. In this paper I propose a new approach to the analysis of this material. By reconstructing how people interacted with objects, we can see how the agency to create Anglo‐Norman England was distributed through interactions between people and their surroundings. Furthermore, rather than being reflected in such interactions, continuity and change flowed through engagements with objects, generating unique meanings and experiences. This approach therefore challenges the existing ontology that underlies our understanding of the period and its political developments and ethnic identities.
Criminal Law beyond the State: The European Model
Authors: Fichera Massimo
Published: October 2015

This article will analyse two models of criminal law beyond the State, which are here termed ‘eunomic’ and ‘dialogic’. It will then focus on one case study, European criminal law, which was inherently ‘dialogic’ until the last decade of the past century but has now quite unique features. In accordance with classic liberal views, criminal law has always been conceptualised as one of the most salient attributes of the sovereign State. The monopoly on the use of violence was to be legitimised by the State's concern for the sphere of autonomy of the individual. It is submitted in this article that it is precisely this condition that is lacking in the current European model, which promotes security‐oriented paradigms of self‐fulfilment and effectiveness. However, criminal law, if properly conceived, could in theory function as a powerful vehicle of integration.
The Influence of Father Involvement and Interparental Relationship Quality on Adolescent Mothers' Maternal Identity
Authors: Mallette Jacquelyn K. , Futris Ted G. , Brown Geoffrey L. , Oshri Assaf
Published: October 2015

Guided by maternal role attainment and identity theory perspectives, the authors examined the association between prenatal and postbirth father involvement and maternal identity for adolescent mothers and the moderating effects of interparental relationship quality. Mailed surveys were completed by 125 mothers age 14–19 years (67.2% White) who were recruited from a statewide school‐based program. Maternal identity was operationalized as a latent construct composed of three indicators representing role validation, role strain, and identity salience. Analyses revealed that prenatal father involvement was positively associated with fathers' postbirth engagement with their children and indirectly associated with maternal identity. The association between father involvement pre and post birth as well as the association between father–child involvement and maternal identity were moderated by the presence of a cooperative relationship between mothers and their child's father, consistent with a moderated mediation model. Implications for future research and practice are presented.
Technology‐Mediated Communication with Siblings During the Transition to College: Associations with Relationship Positivity and Self‐Disclosure
Authors: Lindell Anna K. , Campione‐Barr Nicole , Killoren Sarah E.
Published: October 2015

An important task for emerging adults is the effective maintenance of sibling relationships given their importance for well‐being later in adulthood. However, little is currently known about how siblings maintain communication with one another during this developmental stage when they often live apart for the first time, or about whether different communication patterns have unique relational implications. Using a sample of first‐year college students (n = 250), the present study identified four distinct groups of emerging adults who used information and communication technologies differently in communicating with their siblings. Emerging adults who frequently used synchronous communication methods (as opposed to more passive methods) generally had more positive and self‐disclosive relationships with their siblings about a variety of topics, although there were important gender and birth order differences. Implications for college administrators and mental health professionals are discussed.
Native globular actin has a thermodynamically unstable quasi‐stationary structure with elements of intrinsic disorder
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina M. , Povarova Olga I. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Turoverov Konstantin K.
Published: October 2015

The native form of globular actin, G‐actin, is formed in vivo as a result of complex post‐translational folding processes that require ATP energy expenditure and are assisted by the 70 kDa heat shock protein, prefoldin and chaperonin containing TCP‐1. G‐actin is stabilized by the binding of one ATP molecule and one Ca2+ ion (or Mg2+ in vivo). Chemical denaturants, heating or Ca2+ removal transform native actin (N) into ‘inactivated actin’ (I), a compact oligomer comprising 14–16 subunits. Viscogenic and crowding agents slow this process but do not stop it. The lack of calcium in the solution accelerates the spontaneous N → I transition. Thus, native G‐actin has a kinetically stable (as a result of the high free energy barrier between the N and I states) but thermodynamically unstable structure, which, in the absence of Ca2+ or other bivalent metal ions, spontaneously converts to the thermodynamically stable I state. It was noted that native actin has much in common with intrinsically disordered proteins: it has functionally important disordered regions; it is constantly in complex with one of its numerous partners; and it plays key roles in many cellular processes, in a manner similar to disordered hub proteins. By analyzing actin folding in vivo and unfolding in vitro, we advanced the hypothesis that proteins in a native state may have a thermodynamically unstable quasi‐stationary structure. The kinetically stable native state of these proteins appears forcibly under the influence of intracellular folding machinery. The denaturation of such proteins is always irreversible because the inactivated state, for which the structure is determined by the amino acid sequence of a protein, comprises the thermodynamically stable state under physiological conditions.
Drivers of plant invasion vary globally: evidence from pine invasions within six ecoregions
Authors: Taylor Kimberley T. , Maxwell Bruce D. , Pauchard Aníbal , Nuñez Martin A. , Peltzer Duane A. , Terwei André , Rew Lisa J.
Published: October 2015

Aim

To determine biotic and abiotic controls on pine invasion globally within six ecoregions that include both introduced and native ranges.

Locations

Río Negro province, Argentina; Aysén and Araucanía regions, Chile; South Island (two ecoregions), New Zealand; Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, USA.

Methods

We quantified tree abundance and size across invasion fronts of the widespread invasive tree species Pinus contorta at each of the nine sites, encompassing both the native and introduced range. We also determined the relative importance of propagule pressure, abiotic characteristics and biotic factors for invasion success. Finally, key plant population metrics such as individual tree growth rates and reproductive effort were compared between native and introduced ranges.

Results

Pinus contorta density decreased with increasing distance from source population in all cases, but the importance and shape of this relationship differed among sites due, primarily to biotic factors. For example, areas dominated by native southern beech forest (Fuscospora cliffortioides or Nothofagus spp.) were not invaded, and this biotic resistance was not overcome by high propagule pressure. In contrast, shrublands were more highly invaded than grasslands, contradicting previous generalizations about pine invasions. Pinus contorta growth was faster, age to maturity was earlier and reproductive effort was higher in the introduced ranges compared with the native range, suggesting a demographic shift towards more rapid population growth in introduced regions. Climatic differences between the ranges may explain, at least in part, the observed pattern.

Main conclusions

We demonstrate that although biological invasions are driven by propagule pressure across different ecoregions, these processes interact strongly with biotic factors. Intriguingly, our results suggest that propagule pressure may become less important than biotic interactions as invasions proceed. Multi‐region studies including both the native and introduced ranges provide unparalleled opportunities for understanding how these interactions change among regions as invasions proceed.
End‐of‐life communication in Korean older adults: With focus on advance care planning and advance directives
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Lee Ji Eun , Cho BeLong , Yoo Sang Ho , Kim SangYun , Yoo Jun‐Hyun
Published: October 2015

The present article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of current status of end‐of‐life (EOL) care and sociocultural considerations in Korea, with focus on the EOL communication and use of advance directives (AD) in elderly Koreans. Through literature review, we discuss the current status of EOL care and sociocultural considerations in Korea, and provide a look‐ahead. In Korea, patients often receive life‐sustaining treatment until the very end of life. Advance care planning is rare, and most do‐not‐resuscitate decisions are made between the family and physician at the very end of patient's life. Koreans, influenced mainly by Confucian tradition, prefer a natural death and discontinuation of life‐sustaining treatment. Although Koreans generally believe that death is natural and unavoidable, they tend not to think about or discuss death, and regard preparation for death as unnecessary. As a result, AD are completed by just 4.7% of the general adult population. This situation can be explained by several sociocultural characteristics including opting for natural death, wish not to burden others, preference for family involvement and trust in doctor, avoidance of talking about death, and filial piety. Patients often receive life‐sustaining treatment until the very EOL, advance care planning and the use of AD is not common in Korea. This was related to unique sociocultural characteristics of Korea. A more active role of physicians, development of a more deliberate EOL discussion process, development of culturally appropriate AD and promotion of advance care planning might be required to provide good EOL care in Korea. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 407‐415.
Autobiographical memory for the differential diagnosis of cognitive pathology in aging
Authors: Meléndez Juan C , Redondo Rita , Torres Marta , Mayordomo Teresa , Sales Alicia
Published: October 2015

Aim

The present study distinguishes three memory stages across the lifespan, and aims to compare episodic and semantic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults, with amnesic mild cognitive impairment, and withAlzheimer's disease. This information can offer evidence about the way semantic and episodic autobiographical memory work, and how the disease affects them.

Methods

The sample was composed of 56 people, all aged over 60 years; 15 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, 12 withAlzheimer's disease and 29 healthy older people. Participants were evaluated with the Autobiographical Memory Interview.

Results

A mixedanovashowed significant main effects of memory and time‐period, and significant interactions of memory × group, time‐period × group and memory × time × group.

Discussion

Assessment of autobiographical memory provides information to differentiate amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients fromAlzheimer's disease patients. Although the decline in episodic memory starts with the onset of the disease, semantic memory is maintained until moderate stages of dementia.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16:1220–1225.
Dimensions of stereotypical attitudes among older adults: Analysis of two countries
Authors: Helmes Edward , Pachana Nancy A
Published: October 2015

Aim

Much research on attitudes towards older adults has used younger adults as participants and identified a range of negative attitudes towards older persons. Comparatively little literature has explored the attitudes of older adults themselves towards their own age cohort.

Methods

The present study explicitly compared attitudes towards other older adults from samples of 195 older adults inAustralia and 172 olderCanadians. Attitudinal measures included theAgingAttitudesQuestionnaire (assesses older adults' attitudes toward other older adults),FraboniScale ofAgeism (assesses younger adults' attitudes toward older adults) and theReactions toAgingQuestionnaire (assesses attitudes toward one's own aging), as well as a scale measuring knowledge of aging, theFacts onAgingQuiz, adapted forAustralia andCanada. Responses on the three attitudinal measures were subjected to principal components analysis.

Results

Two components emerged in both samples, one defined by theReactions toAgingQuestionnaire andAgingAttitudesQuestionnaire scales and the second by theFraboniScale ofAgeism scales. Regression analyses to ascertain prediction of scores on theFacts onAgingQuiz, adapted forAustralia andFacts onAgingQuiz, adapted forCanada showed that only theAgingAttitudesQuestionnaire scale forPhysicalChanges predicted scores on theFacts onAgingQuiz, adapted forAustralia and no attitudes predictedFacts onAgingQuiz, adapted forCanada scores.

Conclusions

It appears that older adults distinguish between their own aging and aging in others. Knowledge of aging appears to be predicted only by attitudes toward physical changes. Given increasing proportions of older adults in the population, as well as increasing access to aging information available to older cohorts, continued research on how older adults view themselves and the aging process is important, and will almost certainly continue to evolve over time.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1226–1230.
Favorable outcomes in octogenarians treated with bioresorbable polymer drug‐eluting stent
Authors: Ilic Ivan , Stankovic Ivan , Ilisic Bojan , Cerovic Milivoje , Aleksic Aleksandar , Nikolajevic Ivica , Kafedzic Srdjan , Cuellas Ramon Carlos , Sokolov Maxim , El Setecha Mohamed , Putnikovic Biljana , Neskovic Aleksandar N
Published: October 2015

Aim

As a result of a higher prevalence of comorbidities, elderly adults are often underrepresented in clinical trials, and more often experience complications during percutaneous coronary intervention. Our aim was to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients older than 80 years, compared with their younger counterparts, when bioresorbable polymer biolimus A9 drug‐eluting stent is used for their treatment.

Methods

The prospective, observational e‐Nobori registry was created to validate the safety and efficacy of bioresorbable polymer drug‐eluting stent in unselected patients. The primary end‐point of the study was freedom from target lesion failure defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel‐related myocardial infarction and clinically‐driven target lesion revascularization at 1 year.

Results

There were 781 (7.8%) octogenarians, they were less frequently male (62% vs 77%; P < 0.0001) and more often presented as acute coronary syndrome (44% vs 39%; P = 0.0182). The index percutaneous coronary intervention success was lower in the elderly patients (98% vs 99%; P = 0.0398). One‐year follow up was completed for 97% of the elderly patients and 99% of the younger patients. The difference in target lesion failure (3.33% vs 2.83%; log–rank P = 0.0114) was mainly driven by increased mortality in octogenarians (3.73% vs 1.47%; P < 0.0001). Elderly patients had more bleeding and vascular complications (2.67% vs 1.05%; P = 0.0001).

Conclusions

Despite advanced age, multiple comorbidities and complexity of treated lesions, clinical outcomes are favorable in octogenarians treated by bioresorbable polymer biolimus A9 drug‐eluting stent. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1246–1253.