bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delivering the Architecture of Ecosystem Services: Daylight Modeling for a Sustainable Building Design
Authors: Zemmouri Noureddine
Published: February 2025

Building construction and operation have an enormous direct and indirect impact on the environment. While the definition of what constitutes sustainable building design is constantly changing, there are fundamental principles that nearly everyone agrees on: Optimize energy use, protect and conserve water, use environmentally preferable products, optimize operational and maintenance practices, and last but not least enhance indoor environmental quality. Going through a checklist obviously does not replace good design. However, a good designer will use the tools available to him or her appropriately, including energy and daylight modeling, thermal comfort analysis, experience, intuition, etc., to determine how they are best used to serve the purpose of re-integrating our built environment and ourselves with nature. Our intent in this paper is to focus on daylight modeling in buildings since it has always been difficult for practitioners and specially architects to handle this constantly changing dimension. Indeed, daylight moves, changes character, and varies with the weather. As an ecosystem service, it can provide buildings a living quality unachievable with any other design element and is a powerful vehicle of architectural expression.
Analysis of the Electric Charges Distribution on a Conductive Wall
Authors: Apanasewicz Stanisław  , Pawłowski Stanisław  , Plewako Jolanta
Published: February 2025

The subject of the analysis is the quasi-stationary electromagnetic field near to the conductive wall subjected to arbitrary induction (electromagnetic waves; fields generated by currents flowing in conductors etc.). Solutions of Maxwell's equations in spectral Fourier's space we get in explicit analytic form; in a physical space calculation of field distribution, reduced to the calculation of integrals. The general formula of electric charge distribution on conductive surface is shown. Several examples illustrate the dependence of the charge on field frequency.
An Analytical Tool for the Calculation of Rotating Hysteresis in Induction Machines Based on d-q Theory and on the Virtual Works Principle
Authors: Della Torre Francesco  , Dolara Alberto  , Barbieri Luca  , Morando Adriano P.
Published: February 2025

A novel analytical tools useful for the prediction and for the circuital representation of the rotating hysteresis phenomena in three-phase induction machines is proposed. The considered dynamic model, based on the space-vector d-q theory and on the use of complex permeability, does not need the application of the classic perturbative method for the introduction of a circuit element that describe the rotating power losses.
Analytical Modelling of the Air-Gap Magnetic Field in Surface Permanent Magnet Machines, Based on Selective FEM Magneto-Static 2D-Simulations
Authors: Di Gerlando A.  , Foglia G.  , Iacchetti M.  , Perini R.
Published: February 2025

The magnetic field occurring in the air gap of a surface permanent magnet (PM) machine is analytically modelled. The methodology is based on the use of some “field functions”, each of one representing the field waveform due to a particular source (PM or current) or anisotropy effect (slotting). Such field functions are identified by selective FEM magneto-static 2D-simulations, with a limited time consumption. The analytical model allows to reconstruct the air gap field with great accuracy, as verified by the comparison with numerous FEM simulations, both in no load and in loaded operating conditions.
3-D Finite Element Method with Prismatic Elements for Analysis of IPM Motor
Authors: Katagiri Hirokatsu  , Kawase Yoshihiro  , Yamaguchi Tadashi
Published: February 2025

We developed a magnetic field analysis method for IPM motors using the three-dimensional finite element method with prismatic elements. This paper describes the accuracy and the calculation time of the method compared with that with tetrahedral elements, quantitatively. This paper also describes a numerical technique for permanent magnets division in an IPM motor.
Simulation of Electric Machine Common-Mode Impedance Using a Combined TL-FE-Analytic Model
Authors: De Gersem Herbert  , Muetze Annette
Published: February 2025

The common-mode impedance over a wide frequency range is of high interest for the analysis of parasitic phenomena occurring with inverter-fed machines. Here, a method is presented to model the common-mode impedance of electrical machines by a transmission-line model. The parameters are determined by finite-element calculations and by a combined analytic finite-element approach. The results illustrate the significant influence of the current return path through the laminated stator core back stack as well as the role of the winding overhang.
On Load 2D Exact Analytical Solution of Magnetic Field in Slotted Surface Mounted PM Radial Flux Synchronous Machines: Coupling with Electric Circuit Equations
Authors: Bali Habiba  , Bellara Adel  , Barakat Georges  , Amara Yacine  , Ibtiouen Rachid
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an analytical model for prediction of on load magnetic field in slotted surface mounted permanent magnet radial flux synchronous machines. This technique can either be used in the case of internal or external rotor radial-field machines topologies. The machine model is formulated in polar coordinates and accounts explicitly for the stator windings current waveform and effect of stator slotting. Results from this analytical model are compared to corresponding finite element analyses. This analytical model is then coupled to electrical circuit equations to study the behaviour of a PM synchronous alternator connected to a power rectifier.
A Magnetodynamic Energy-Based Error Criterium for Eddy Current Computation
Authors: Rondot Loïc  , Ladas Dimitrios  , Mazauric Vincent  , Meunier Gérard  , Leconte Vincent
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the finite element modeling of macroscopic eddy currents, a quadratic energy-based error criterion is derived from a thermodynamic description of electromagnetism. While the conservation of the electromagnetic power is assessed locally to highlight the ill-checked elements, the state functions provide the global convergence of the calculation within an adaptative procedure. It is shown: suitable for 2D and 3D, independent of the formulation, supporting the body motion. A validation is given on a Thomson's effect device.
Skin Effect in a Rectangular Slot via the Method of Separation of Variables
Authors: Pineda-Sanchez M.  , Chinesta F.  , Roger-Folch J.  , Riera-Guasp M.  , Perez-Cruz J.  , Daïm F.
Published: February 2025

The use of separated representations is a promising approach that allows the simulation of systems intractable nowadays by a brute force approach, such as kinetic theory models of fluids, or transient multiscale models. In this paper, this approach is applied to the 1D diffusion problem of the transient current in a rectangular slot of an induction machine. Instead of solving multiple field problems, one for each time instant, the proposed method just solves two single-variable differential equations, one in the time domain and other in the spatial one. The results are compared with the analytical solution in steady state. Extension of the proposed approach to higher dimensions is straightforward.
Field-Circuit Simulation of the Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Taking Nonlinearity into Account
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz  , Nowak Lech
Published: February 2025

In the paper the construction and mathematical model of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor with outer rotor is presented. The numerical implementation is based on finite element method and step by step algorithm. The nonlinear coupled field-circuit equations have been solved by using the Newton-Raphson procedure. The current waveforms in stator windings have been calculated.
The Reversal Rotation Phenomenon for the Disc Type Ultrasonic Motors
Authors: Akiyama Yuji  , Niwa Yuta
Published: February 2025

This paper explores simulations of the reversal rotation phenomena of bending oscillation disc rotor type ultrasonic motors. A reversal abnormal phenomenon was generated when the feedback signal cut out, and the oscillating forced frequency near the resonant frequency in the existing mode at the time of the light-loaded condition. By carrying out a dynamic simulation with ATILA soft, the reversal rotation phenomenon has been fully explored.
Estimation of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters from Characteristics Predicted by the Finite Element Model
Authors: Jagiela Mariusz  , Kaminski Marcin  , Macek-Kaminska Krystyna
Published: February 2025

In the paper the method of estimation of equivalent circuit model parameters of deep-bar induction motors from data provided by the finite element model is presented. The investigation towards obtaining the parameters is defined as a nonlinear least squares curve fitting problem. The data points of static characteristics predicted by the 2d time-harmonic finite element model are used as the target data. The approach gives satisfactory results allowing rapid predictions of dynamic characteristics of the motors.
Modeling and Detection of Eccentricity Fault by Radial Force and Vibration Behaviour in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Authors: Rezig A.  , Farooq J.A.  , N'Diaye A.  , Djerdir A.  , Mekideche M.R.  , Miraoui A.
Published: February 2025

Vibration and noise in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) are directly related to the characteristics of the magnetic radial forces and mechanical behaviors of the machine. The radial forces dependent on the distribution of the flux density in the air gap region of the machine. These forces are influenced by the natural aspects of the PMSM such as rotor and stator slots, saturations and winding type but also on the health state of the machine as for example the eccentricity. The aim of this work is to study the effect of eccentricity on radial forces in PMSM. For this purpose an analytical and numerical model for calculating radial force taking into account eccentricity are developed. Thus an experimental test bench has been developed to validate the proposed model in the case of a dynamic eccentricity fault.
The Study of the Vibratory Behavior of Electromagnetic Devices Using Finite Element Method Techniques
Authors: Ferkha Nassira  , Torregrossa Dimitri  , Mekideche Mohamed. R.  , Miraoui Abdellatif  , Peyraut François  , Djerdir Abdeslam
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to predict the vibration behavior of electromagnetic devices in two cases: harmonic and transient analysis. From this standpoint a numerical model based on the use of the finite element techniques has been developed. Firstly, the time evolution of the distribution of the magnetic forces in the device has been determined. This forces distribution is calculated by a local application of virtual works principle. Then the dynamic response using the modal analysis has been determined.
Efficient Computation of Coil-Parameters with PEEC
Authors: Friedrich Matthias  , Baum Eckhard  , Riffer Heinrich
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the frequency behaviour of coils is analysed using the Partial-Element-Equivalent-Circuit-method (PEEC). In order to reduce the computational effort, some simplifications are introduced. The coating of the wire is not discretised with PEEC-cells but accounted for by extra charge contributions on the wire cells. Furthermore, the exact current distribution in the wire cross section is approximated by assuming that the current flows in a layer with frequency dependent thickness allowing for azimuthal variation. The computational results are compared with measurements on two layer coils showing a good agreement.
Cogging Torque Reduction of Permanent Magnet Wind Generator by FEM and Optimization
Authors: Woo Kyungil  , Park Hanseok  , Cho Yunhyun  , Kim Byungtaek
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the improvement of the torque characteristics of the outer rotor direct drive permanent magnet wind generator that is a radial flux machine with output power of low speed and high torque, 30[kW] 90[rpm] by FEM and optimization. The optimization technique is used to find out a design solution through the comparison of cogging torques according to the shape variation such as the open slot width and the pole arc ratio. In this technique the problem is to minimize the objective function. The automatic process that includes the automatic file drawing and mesh generation with regard to the shape variation is also used. From the simulation results, it is shown that the cogging torque characteristic of the revised model is better than that of the preliminary one. The prototype was manufactured and the simulation result such as induced voltage is agrees with that of the experimental one.
Towards a Generation of Ironless Voice Coil Motors
Authors: Lemarquand Guy  , Lemarquand Valerie
Published: February 2025

Classical voice coil motors for linear displacements are often used in applications that require the force they exert to be a linear image of the current in the coil. However, these devices have drawbacks which are linked to the presence of iron and result in a non linear force. Therefore, this paper presents ironless motor structures. The magnetic field created by the magnets is analytically formulated. So, this allows easy optimizations. Moreover, the original structure presented is optimized with an economical criterion, in order to use all the magnets at their maximum specific energy.
The Influence of the Kind of Soft Magnetic Powder on Power Losses in Soft Magnetic Composites
Authors: Slusarek Barbara  , Gromek Jozef  , Przybylski Marek
Published: February 2025

Soft magnetic composites called dielectromagnetics find more and more applications in electric transducers. Power losses are among the main parameters of soft magnetic materials, decisive for their application. The kind of magnetic powder and technology of production of magnetic elements influences the level of power losses. The main goal of research was to investigate power losses in soft magnetic elements prepared from different types of iron powder.
Harmonic Restraint Technique of Stator Core Shape and Non Uniform Air-Gaped Design Machines
Authors: Niwa Yuta  , Akiyama Yuji
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the restraint method of the 3rd harmonics current, in which close attention has been paid to the iron core shape of the universal motor for power vacuum cleaners. In this paper, the gap permeance, magnetic saturation of an iron core, and the influence that a slot ripple has on harmonic current were verified using FEM electromagnetism analysis. As the result, stator core shape proved quantitatively that a restraint of harmonic current has an effect. The authors think assert that a design manual should be adapted to create an international standard about a restraint of the harmonic current of a universal motor.
Turn-to-Turn Capacitance Used as an Indicator of Winding Insulation Aging
Authors: Roger Daniel  , Duchesne Stéphane  , Ait-Amar Sonia  , Notingher Petru
Published: February 2025

For an electrical machine built with classical enameled copper wire, turn-to-turn capacitance variations can be used as an indicator of the insulation layer aging if it is correlated with standard indicators such as breakdown voltage or cumulative probability of failure at rated voltage. Such capacitance variations have a significant effect on the high frequency behavior of the machine winding which can be measured with the appropriate monitoring system.
Oscillating Rotary Generator Driven by Free-swinging Piston Engine as an Innovative Source of Energy for Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Kudarauskas Sigitas
Published: February 2025

The paper is devoted to the innovative device consisting of the free-swinging piston internal or external combustion engine and oscillating rotary electrical generator. Advantages and possibilities of such unit are presented to compare with shortcomings of the conventional units, as well as with units of the linear free-piston internal combustion engine and oscillating linear generator. Principles of modelling an simulation of the considered device are presented too. Usage of the proposed unit as a source of energy in the hybrid electric vehicles enables to create competitive hybrid vehicle.
Rail Internal Impedance Calculation by Using Finite Elements Methods
Authors: Dolara Alberto  , Leva Sonia
Published: February 2025

In the present paper two new methods for the evaluation of the internal impedance of a rail are proposed. These methods are based on FEM and they consider different steel's magnetic behavior models. The first one is based on the normal magnetization curve and the equivalent sinusoid concept. In the second model, the hysteresis loops have been considered introducing the evaluation of complex magnetic permeability function. Rail's internal per unit length parameters are calculated in function of current and frequency. The results from FEM models are compared with the available measurements at the frequency of 50 Hz, and they are extended to other frequencies.
Survey of Conducted EMI from Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Authors: Ferreira Paulo Ixtânio L.  , Fontgalland Glauco  , Aragão Galba F.  , Nascimento Antonio R.Z.  , Freire R.C.S.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the investigation on the spectrum change of conducted electromagnetic emission when one and more than one compact fluorescent lamp is put together. The tests were made on typical 15W compact fluorescents lamps with electronic self-ballast. The changes in the conducted EMI emission spectrum when they are put together are compared for the case of two manufacturers. The test setup covers the frequency range between 9 kHz and 30 MHz as referred by the CISPR-15 standard. The experimental results for one, two and three lamps composition are shown.
Magnetoharmonic – Transient Thermal – Translating Motion Finite Element Analysis of Scanning Induction Heating of Sheets in Transversal Flux
Authors: Fireteanu Virgiliu  , Popa Monica  , Taras Petrica
Published: February 2025

Paper deals with the study of scanning induction heating of metallic sheets in transversal flux inductors based on the finite element analysis of the electromagnetic field and sheet temperature. The coupling harmonic electromagnetic field – transient thermal field – sheet translating motion is realized through step-by-step in time domain method. The transversal profile of the volume density of induced power integrated along the sheet is compared withthe transversal profile of sheet temperature at the inductor exit. The influences of the sheet width, pole pitch length, number of coils, sheet resistivity and speed on the transversal heating non-uniformity are analyzed.
Metamaterials Characterization Through Effective Parameters Retrieval
Authors: Tricarico Simone  , Bilotti Filiberto  , Vegni Lucio
Published: February 2025

In this contribution, we present the employment of a parametric model based procedure to retrieve the effective permittivity and permeability of planar metamaterial samples. The proposed approach is a hybrid procedure exploiting the standard Transmission/Reflection (TR) techniques, usually used to retrieve the effective parameters by a proper combination of the scattering coefficients. The main advantage of this approach relies on the choice of prescribed dispersive models for the involved materials, avoiding the typical issues affecting standard retrieval techniques, like anomalous resonances and non-locality. The implemented algorithm can also be applied to materials with more than one natural resonance.
Combined Simulation of Micro Permanent Magnetic Linear Contactless Displacement Sensor
Authors: Gao Jing  , Müller Wolfgang F.O.  , Greiner Felix  , Eicher Dirk  , Weiland Thomas  , Schlaak Helmut F.
Published: February 2025

This permanent magnetic linear contactless displacement sensor is a new type of displacement sensor operating on the magnetic inductive principle and abbreviated as PLCD sensor. It has many excellent properties and has already been used for many applications. In this article a Micro-PLCD sensor which can be used for micro electromechanical system (MEMS) measurements is designed and simulated with software CST EM STUDIO®including building a virtual model, magnetostatic calculations, low frequency calculations, steady current calculations and thermal calculations. The influence of some important parameters such as dimension of air gap, working frequency, coil current and eddy currents etc are studied in depth.
Predicting the Exact Shape of the Magnetic Field Produced by Halbach Structures
Authors: Ravaud Romain  , Lemarquand Guy
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the study of the magnetic field produced by cylindrical Halbach MRI structures. Some MRI structures are generally composed of tile permanent magnets whose polarizations are uniform. The magnetic field produced by such structures undulates versus the azimuthal direction and diminishes the magnetic field uniformity. First, this paper presents exact three-dimensional analytical expressions of the magnetic field produced by a tile permanent magnet uniformly magnetized whose polarization is directed in an arbitrary direction in the (x,y) plane. This 3D analytical approach is based on the coulombian model of a magnet. Then, this paper presents the three-dimensional evolution of the magnetic field uniformity in a Halbach structure composed of 16 tile permanent magnets. Our analytical approach allows us to study accurately the magnitude of the magnetic field in all points in space. Consequently, it gives quickly previous elements of information about the design of MRI structures and allows us to optimize easily such structures.
Automatization on the Reports of the Laboratory of Monitoring of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Authors: Kyriakou Apostolos S.  , Nicolaou Charalambos P.  , Razis Panos A.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this project is the full automatization on the reports of the laboratory of monitoring and control of the electromagnetic spectrum, in which the control and the imprint of the electrical field is made, which is mainly being transmitted from mobile antennas in Cyprus. As a development environment of the automatization software, we choose VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) which is included in Microsoft Office (software). Therefore, through a series of macros, Excel macros and Word macros, the time consuming manual procedure has been reduced in a few clicks and approximately in five minutes, because the program through dialog boxes collects information from the user, processes measurements tables and gives the final report. The report can be constructed at the measurement place, without having to go to the laboratory. It is according the 1999/519/EC Council recommendation of the 12th July and the case number 3 of the ECC/REC/(02)04.
Building Effective Counter-Terrorism Responses
Authors: Farkash Aharon Ze’evi
Published: February 2025

Former head of military intelligence reflects on current understandings of terrorism and, drawing on personal experiences from the case of Israel, outlines the features of effective intelligence agencies and their counterterrorism responses.
Intelligence Reform in Greece and Regional Cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Nomikos John M.
Published: February 2025

This chapter first offers an overview of the Greek Intelligence Community, and then explores specific problems among the Southeastern Mediterranean states--human trafficking, illegal immigration, and terrorist financing of Islamic networks. It proposes addressing such security challenges through organizations operating based on Open Sources Intelligence (OSINT).
International Security Cooperation: Intelligence Practices
Authors: Köksal Sönmez
Published: February 2025

A former diplomat and intelligence director reflects on the changing characteristics of global terrorism, and considers the effectiveness of countering new security threats with existing intelligence practices.
Intelligence and Defence Cooperation in India
Authors: Sahukar Behram A.
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores India’s experiences with intelligence and defence cooperation, focusing in particular on the country’s relations both pre- and post-9/11 with the United States, Israel, and Russia. It considers major reforms that have occurred in India’s intelligence practices and institutions, and traces their origins to regional causes rather than to global terrorism in the last decade.
Preventing Internet Banking Fraud and Money Laundering Using Customer Trustability Index
Authors: Hamdi Özçelik M.  , Duman Ekrem
Published: February 2025

Income sources of most terrorist organizations are based on illegal activities. These mainly include the money stolen from the bank accounts of innocent people or black money made by illegal activities. As the use of internet banking becomes more popular the frauds based on stealing passwords of some people and transferring the amount therein to mule accounts increased also. In this study we aim at detecting such transactions by establishing a Customer Trustability Index (CTI) for all customers available in the database of a bank. The CTI has a rule based component and a similarity based component based on link analysis and the RFM techniques.
Fuzzy Logic, Uncertainty Management and The Black Swan
Authors: Kandel Abraham
Published: February 2025

In this paper a comprehensive assessment of black swan capabilities is discussed. The use of fuzzy logic as a possible tool for uncertainty management is being investigated and some fuzzy techniques are being demonstrated in order to remind us of the strength as well as of the weakness of these methods.
Al Qaeda and the Hybrid Jihad
Authors: Shay Shaul
Published: February 2025

In the 21 century the theater of the conflict and the war between Al Qaeda, the Global Jihad and their adversaries is located in two spheres: the “Real” theater of the jihad (Iraq, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Somalia, Palestine) and the “Virtual” theater of jihad (the cyber space, media). In order to win the war against the radical Islam it is necessary to develop a global comprehensive strategy that should engage simultaneously Al Qaeda and other jihadi entities on both “Real” and “Virtual” theaters.
Event Analysis and Understanding for Situational Awareness Support
Authors: Ferrin Giovanni  , Snidaro Lauro  , Foresti Gian Luca
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a framework for the assessment, interpretation and understanding of situations in a visual surveillance scenario. An upper level processing layer exploits abductive reasoning over data provided by low level detection, classification and tracking algorithms. The system discussed is Description Logics driven and benefits from the computability of first-order logic semantics together with the manageability characteristics of ontology based systems. Event occurrence frequency is taken into account to focus on “anomalous facts,” by combining a priori knowledge, provided by domain experts, with statistical information incrementally gathered through the assessment of the environment under surveillance. The framework is aimed at supplying security system operators with a set of the most probable explanations of observed facts to improve and speed up the decision process.
Ports Security Organization and Functionality – Implementation of the ISPS Code in Medium and Small Countries
Authors: Zec Damir  , Frančić Vlado  , Šimić Hlača Marija
Published: February 2025

The paper deals with the implementation of security measures in small to medium developing countries. Based on Croatian experience, it examines possibilities for efficiently combining security measures that should be implemented in SOLAS ships and ISPS compliant ports with those appropriate to non-SOLAS ships and ports where measures defined in the ISPS Code are not mandatory. Finally, it examines measures promoting a more extensive use of information technologies, particularly information fusion and dedicated decision support systems, in order to enhance the level of maritime security and protection from illegal activities at sea and in ports.
Aspects of Human Systems Behaviour and Their Impact on Port Security Architecture
Authors: Kalinov Kalin  , Stoyanov Nikola
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a harbour protection system developed within a national project, and studies of human systems behaviour and impact on port security architecture. The work includes practical recommendations in the following areas: (1) Networks and centralized organizations in a complex conflict environment; (2) Distribution of responsibility in a multi-level hierarchical organization (command and control dilemmas); (3) The “multi-directional” subordination problem (limits of subordination); (4) The function of the “hidden commander” in a system (is he\she ready and is she\he conscious).
Contextual and Human Factors in Information Fusion
Authors: Herrero Jesus Garcia  , Patricio Miguel A.  , Molina José M.  , Cardoso Luiz A.
Published: February 2025

Context and human factors may be essential to improving measurement processes for each sensor, and the particular context of each sensor could be used to obtain a global definition of context in multisensor environments. Reality may be captured by human sensorial domain based only on machine stimulus and then generate a feedback which can be used by the machine at its different processing levels, adapting its algorithms and methods accordingly. Reciprocally, human perception of the environment could also be modelled by context in the machine. In the proposed model, both machine and man take sensorial information from the environment and process it cooperatively until a decision or semantic synthesis is produced. In this work, we present a model for context representation and reasoning to be exploited by fusion systems. In the first place, the structure and representation of contextual information must be determined before being exploited by a specific application. Under complex circumstances, the use of context information and human interaction can help to improve a tracking system’s performance (for instance, video-based tracking systems may fail when dealing with object interaction, occlusions, crosses, etc.).
Guided, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Other Comorbid Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Andersson Gerhard
Published: February 2025

Several independent research groups have adapted cognitive behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders in order to deliver them via the Internet. These include treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In this chapter, the evidence from several randomized controlled trials is reviewed. Overall, findings suggest that Internet-delivered treatments are effective when minimal therapist support is provided via e-mail or telephone. In addition, effects tend to be close to or equivalent to face-to-face treatments. A recent development in the field of Internet treatment is to use a tailored approach in which patients are prescribed a treatment program according to their clinical profile as assessed in a structured psychiatric interview. Preliminary findings of such an approach show promising outcomes. This development may be fruitful in the treatment of PTSD as comorbidity between the different anxiety disorders is common.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Rothbaum Barbara O.  , Malcoun Emily  , Rizzo Albert “Skip”  , Josman Naomi
Published: February 2025

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, debilitating, psychological condition that occurs in a subset of individuals who experience or witness life-threatening traumatic events. This chapter describes the underlying theoretical foundations and existing research on virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE), a recently emerging treatment for PTSD. Three virtual reality scenarios used to treat PTSD in combat veterans and survivors of terrorism – Virtual Vietnam, Virtual Iraq, and BusWorld – are presented, along with a case study of an individual treated using BusWorld. The future of VRE and its potential for use with telemedicine and the Internet for treatment of PTSD are also discussed.
Health Information on the Internet: What About the Quality?
Authors: Boyer Celia  , Patterson Judith
Published: February 2025

More and more people are using the Internet as a source of information on health and mental health issues. Assuring quality and preventing abuse of the medium for the provision of health and mental health information is an increasing concern. This can be particularly important for more at-risk populations, such as people with chronic diseases and mental health concerns. This chapter presents the current situation of the health and medical Internet usage and the actions that have been taken to improve the quality of medical and health information. The chapter will particularly describe the methodology used by Health On the Net Foundation (HON), an international organization that has been certifying medical websites since the beginning of the Internet era. HON’s goal is to guide healthcare consumers and providers on the Internet to sound and reliable medical information. By certifying sites that adhere to its eight ethical guidelines (the HON Code), HON seeks to contribute to better, more accessible healthcare. HON certification is free and thereby available to all, and not subject to conflict of interest concerns that can arise from client-provider relationships. The HON code provides a transparent, flexible, accessible, and reliable methodology that promotes and improves the quality of medical websites worldwide. The success of the HON Code attests to its growing importance and the suitability of its methodology. More than 7,500 websites have been certified in 34 languages from 118 countries; 450 of these websites are related to mental health. In 2007, the French National Health Authority mandated that all health websites in France be certified by HON.
Social Networking Sites in the Aftermath of Trauma
Authors: Herbert Christophe F.  , Brunet Alain
Published: February 2025

Social networking sites like Facebook (www.facebook.com) and Twitter (http://twitter.com) have become among the most popular sites on the Internet. People of all ages use them to talk about their lives and keep in touch with friends and acquaintances. In addition, when people have experienced a traumatic event, they often use these sites to seek out others who have had similar experiences, and to find support and information on posttraumatic stress disorder. In the direct aftermath of a disaster, such as the earthquake in Haiti in 2010, especially in the absence of functional telephone and television cables, these sites have been used by survivors to find immediate assistance and resources as well as to inform the rest of the world about what is happening. Mental health professionals have also begun to use such websites to give support to their patients or to network with colleagues from the same area. And so, in the study of the Internet in mental health, the importance of these social networking sites cannot be ignored.
A New Frontier: Trauma Research on the Internet
Authors: Ashbaugh Andrea R.  , Herbert Christophe F.  , Butler Lisa D.  , Brunet Alain
Published: February 2025

The Internet is an ideal tool for gaining quick access to populations, sometimes even thousands of miles away, who have recently experienced a traumatic event. It is also a cost-effective and powerful tool that can be used to study the effects of trauma. However, although adapting trauma research for the Internet, particularly when using surveys, appears relatively straightforward, there are a number of methodological and technological issues that researchers need to be aware of to ensure that the survey runs smoothly and the data are useful. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight some of the methodological issues, including informed consent, confidentiality, and the representativeness of the sample, that should be considered when conducting studies on the Internet, particularly those involving trauma research. We also briefly discuss some of the technological aspects of conducting an Internet-based survey and highlight potential new applications for Internet-based research in the study of how trauma affects individuals.
Post 9/11 Security: New Challenges and New Responses
Authors: Donnelly Chris
Published: February 2025

This paper argues that the end of the Cold War in 1989 and the 11 September 2001 terror attacks ushered in a revolutionary change in the nature of armed conflict in which security is no longer just a military concern. The new security scene is characterized by the uncontrollable proliferation of technology, a growing gap between rich and poor countries and the information revolution. The paper calls for a corresponding revolution in the way we define security in the light of new threats which require new responses. It highlights the implications for institutions such as NATO and the EU, and emphasizes that Turkey has replaced Germany as the keystone state for European security.
Counter-Trafficking Around the Black Sea: Prospects for the Establishment of a Joint Interagency Task Force
Authors: Hollis André D.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the author draws on his experience in coordinating major international counter-narcotics and counter-terrorism efforts and proposes a concept for cross-disciplinary regional cooperation on counter trafficking in the Black Sea. The paper highlights the advantages of establishing some form of international Joint Inter-Agency Task Force for the Black Sea to enhance international counter-trafficking cooperation in the Black Sea region.
Energy Security and Transit States
Authors: Roberts John
Published: February 2025

The security of oil and gas in transit through the Black Sea region is vital to the global economy. This paper explores the close links between energy and geopolitics in the Black Sea region and discusses the implications of the convergence of major oil and gas supply routes from Russia and Central Asia to Europe through the Black Sea corridor. The paper concludes by outlining the prospects for developing a mature energy partnership between Europe as the world's biggest gas consumer and Russia as the world's biggest gas producer.
Trends in Illicit Trafficking
Authors: McKay Michael
Published: February 2025

Illicit trafficking is a major security challenge for states in the Black Sea region. This paper examines how traditional contraband channels are used to finance organized crime and terrorism and destabilize the transit countries. The paper cautions that illicit trafficking is likely to increase because of the huge financial incentives and the relatively low risks. It calls for a change in strategic thinking in order to counter the threat.
The Ukranian Perspective on Security in the Black Sea Region
Authors: Tokar Lyubomyr
Published: February 2025

Ukraine is geographically, politically and economically sandwiched between Russia and Europe, providing a key transit corridor for Russian gas to Europe and leasing its warm-water bases to the Russian navy's Black Sea Fleet. This paper considers Black Sea security from Ukraine's particular perspective. It argues that none of the frozen conflicts in the region can be resolved without constructive Russian participation, and it underlines the need for regional cooperation to tackle mutual problems such as illicit trafficking and to improve regional transportation and communications.
Quantum Computing: Non-deterministic controllers for Artificial Intelligent Agents
Authors: Bannikov Alexander  , Egerton Simon  , Callaghan Vic  , David Johnson Brian  , Shaukat Muneeb
Published: February 2025

This paper describes work that seeks to take the first steps towards demonstrating the application of Sci-Fi prototyping methodology to developing futuristic products. Science-Fiction Prototyping is based on an iterative interaction between science fiction and fact. We begin the paper by explaining the science-fiction prototyping process. We then identify a futuristic product to act as an exemplar of this process (free willed domestic robots) before describing virtual-reality systems and how they can provide a suitable visualisation environment for conceptualizing products. Next we identify a paper that provides a promising approach to emulating intelligent control and free-will, quantum computing. We then provide an introduction to quantum computing and argue the need for a special quantum development environment before presenting an architecture for the quantum development tools and the robot. Finally we present an evaluation methodology before summarising our work. We are in the process of implementing this system and we hope that by the time the workshop occurs, we will be able to report some initial results.
Exploring Science Fiction Prototypes in Persuasive TeleHealth
Authors: Helal Sumi
Published: February 2025

Technological advances in telehealth systems are primarily focused on sensing, monitoring and analysis. Intervention, behavior alternation and in general affecting change could use additional research and technology development. Persuasion technology and mechanisms are urgently needed to counter user resistance to change and promote healthy lifestyle. In this talk, I will summarize our ongoing research in the area of persuasive telehealth in the context of obesity and diabetes. I will cover an action-based behavior model that we proposed [1] to enable effective persuasion. I will also review existing technologies we believe are most suitable for implementing our behavior model and for enabling persuasive telehealth. One such promising technology is domestic robots [2]. I will demonstrate how the science fiction prototyping approach is being adopted to validate the effectiveness of the technology channel (domestic robots) and the overall model. The validation effort is an ongoing collaboration with Intel Digital Home group.
Mdi
Authors: Reyes Angelica  , Contreras Espinosa Ruth S.
Published: February 2025

The story that we present tries to take readers on a journey of technological marvel, and attempts to show a little view of what the future can be like. After all, the sky's the ceiling, and we are far from our limits. Our story develops the action in the Earth and mention Kepler 4b and Kepler 7B planets to show that distances there are not a problem anymore and everybody can travel from one planet to other like we do using the subway in a city. We do not get into the problems of analyse the specific physical characteristics of each planet neither to explain how humans achieve to live there. We only want to show that in a world of disruptive technologies and innovation, the imagination is and will always be a wonderful tool.
Automated Eye on Nature (AEON) and the Were-Tigers of Belum
Authors: Loke Kar-Seng  , Egerton Simon
Published: February 2025

Environmental biodiversity, of flora and fauna, is a direct indicator of the general health of the environment and surrounding ecosystem. Ecologists expend a great deal of time and effort collecting this raw data, targeting key biotic indicator taxa, also called bio-indicators. However, methods for collecting bioindicator data largely remain a laborious, time-consuming and manual process. This paper proposes a visionary idea of developing an automated global sensor network for the collection of key bio-indicators, which is an inherently diverse and complex problem, spanning environmental extremes. We outline the ideas for our Automated Eye on Nature in the first part of the paper and then explore an application of the technology in our fictional prototype. The prototype explores potential social and cultural issues involved with deploying this technology which highlights possible complications, which might then be considered and usefully fed back into the initial design phase. We conclude with some open questions that consider how ecologists and other scientists might exploit the capabilities this envisioned technology provides.
Proactive Intention Recognition for Home Ambient Intelligence
Authors: Han The Anh  , Pereira Luís Moniz
Published: February 2025

We explore a coherent combination of two jointly implemented logic programming based systems, namely those of Evolution Prospection and Intention Recognition, to address a number of issues pertinent for Ambient Intelligence (AmI), namely in the home environment context. The Evolution Prospection system designs and implements several kinds of well-studied preferences and useful environment-triggering constructs for decision making. These enable a convenient declarative encoding of users' preferences and needs, as well as reactive constructs like goal triggering rules. The other system performs intention recognition by means of Causal Bayes Nets and a planner. This approach to intention recognition is appropriate to tackle several AmI issues, such as security and emergency. We also present a novel method for collective intention recognition to allow tackling the case where multiple users are of concern. We exemplify our methods with examples in the elder care domain as it is one typical concern in the home environment context.
EPR as a Tool for Rapid Detection of Exposure in Case of Emergency and Health Risk
Authors: Gąsiorkiewicz Jan
Published: February 2025

Due to an increasing risk of terroristic attacks or nuclear accidents potentially some of populations can be exposed to dangerous doses of ionizing radiation. In such cases it is needed to develop an effective method for triage so the individuals with significant risk can be treated immediately with proper medical procedures. The fact that EPR can measure absorbed doses was first reported by Brady et al. in 1968. Nowadays ongoing works on such system which can measure in vivo doses absorbed in human teeth give an opportunity for a quite good estimation. Also results of research on fingernails and teeth ‘biopsies’ using EPR system are forecasting well. Getting smaller detecting system size and solving many technical issues can be made in the next few years which can make EPR technique a great tool for a retrospective dosimetry in case of an emergency and health risk.
Environment-Related Cancer: Diagnosis and Risk Assessment
Authors: Pavanello Sofia  , Lotti Marcello
Published: February 2025

Cancer cells display characteristics that are acquired at different times of cancer development and with various strategies. Genomic instability and/or epigenetic changes are thought to initiate the carcinogenic processes. Thus, molecular classification of cancer may include either gene-expression profiles, chromosomal aberrations and cancer genome sequencing, or epigenetic changes such as microRNA aberrations, DNA methylation, and telomere changes. The aim of this study is the detection of molecular signatures of cancer related to specific exposure. Biological monitoring of exposures to carcinogens includes a variety of biomarkers, but the entire chain of events from exposure to disease has never been demonstrated. Genome-wide studies indicating associations between disease and single nucleotide polymorphism could define a way of selecting individuals for prospective biomonitoring. Exploring and understanding the pathways controlled by genes thought to be involved in carcinogenesis will likely pave the way in improving the molecular classification of cancer and in choosing the most appropriate endpoints to be used in biological monitoring.