bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TGF-β controls development of TCRγδ+CD8αα+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes
Authors: Han Jiajia , Liu Na , Jin Wenwen , Zanvit Peter , Zhang Dunfang , Xu Junji , Bynum Andrew , Kazmi Rida , Zhang Jianmin , He Wei , Chen WanJun
Published: May 2023

γδ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) constitute the majority of IELs with unique CD8αα+ homodimers that are distinct from γδT cells in other tissues. However, it remains largely unclear how those cells develop. Here we show that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling controls the development of TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs. Deletion of TGF-β receptors or Smad3 and Smad2 in bone marrow stem cells caused a deficiency of TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs in mixed bone marrow chimeric mice. Mechanistically, TGF-β is required for the development of TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs thymic precursors (CD44–CD25– γδ thymocytes). In addition, TGF-β signaling induced CD8α in thymic γδT cells and maintained CD8α expression and survival in TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs. Moreover, TGF-β also indirectly controls TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs by modulating the function of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Importantly, TGF-β signaling in TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs safeguarded the integrity of the intestinal barrier in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.
Antibody blockade of Jagged1 attenuates choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Gjølberg Torleif Tollefsrud , Wik Jonas Aakre , Johannessen Hanna , Krüger Stig , Bassi Nicola , Christopoulos Panagiotis F. , Bern Malin , Foss Stian , Petrovski Goran , Moe Morten C. , Haraldsen Guttorm , Fosse Johanna Hol , Skålhegg Bjørn Steen , Andersen Jan Terje , Sundlisæter Eirik
Published: May 2023

Antibody-based blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reduces choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and retinal edema, rescuing vision in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). However, poor response and resistance to anti-VEGF treatment occurs. We report that targeting the Notch ligand Jagged1 by a monoclonal antibody reduces neovascular lesion size, number of activated phagocytes and inflammatory markers and vascular leakage in an experimental CNV mouse model. Additionally, we demonstrate that Jagged1 is expressed in mouse and human eyes, and that Jagged1 expression is independent of VEGF signaling in human endothelial cells. When anti-Jagged1 was combined with anti-VEGF in mice, the decrease in lesion size exceeded that of either antibody alone. The therapeutic effect was solely dependent on blocking, as engineering antibodies to abolish effector functions did not impair the therapeutic effect. Targeting of Jagged1 alone or in combination with anti-VEGF may thus be an attractive strategy to attenuate CNV-bearing diseases.
Polycage membranes for precise molecular separation and catalysis
Authors: Li Xiang , Lin Weibin , Sharma Vivekanand , Gorecki Radoslaw , Ghosh Munmun , Moosa Basem A. , Aristizabal Sandra , Hong Shanshan , Khashab Niveen M. , Nunes Suzana P.
Published: May 2023

The evolution of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry requires effective and less energy-intensive separation technologies. Engineering smart materials at a large scale with tunable properties for molecular separation is a challenging step to materialize this goal. Herein, we report thin film composite membranes prepared by the interfacial polymerization of porous organic cages (POCs) (RCC3 and tren cages). Ultrathin crosslinked polycage selective layers (thickness as low as 9.5 nm) are obtained with high permeance and strict molecular sieving for nanofiltration. A dual function is achieved by combining molecular separation and catalysis. This is demonstrated by impregnating the cages with highly catalytically active Pd nanoclusters ( ~ 0.7 nm). While the membrane promotes a precise molecular separation, its catalytic activity enables surface self-cleaning, by reacting with any potentially adsorbed dye and recovering the original performance. This strategy opens opportunities for the development of other smart membranes combining different functions and well-tailored abilities.
Identification of fatty acid amide hydrolase as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer
Authors: Tundidor Isabel , Seijo-Vila Marta , Blasco-Benito Sandra , Rubert-Hernández María , Adámez Sandra , Andradas Clara , Manzano Sara , Álvarez-López Isabel , Sarasqueta Cristina , Villa-Morales María , González-Lois Carmen , Ramírez-Medina Esther , Almoguera Belén , Sánchez-López Antonio J. , Bindila Laura , Hamann Sigrid , Arnold Norbert , Röcken Christoph , Heras-Murillo Ignacio , Sancho David , Moreno-Bueno Gema , Caffarel María M. , Guzmán Manuel , Sánchez Cristina , Pérez-Gómez Eduardo
Published: May 2023

Clinical management of breast cancer (BC) metastasis remains an unmet need as it accounts for 90% of BC-associated mortality. Although the luminal subtype, which represents >70% of BC cases, is generally associated with a favorable outcome, it is susceptible to metastatic relapse as late as 15 years after treatment discontinuation. Seeking therapeutic approaches as well as screening tools to properly identify those patients with a higher risk of recurrence is therefore essential. Here, we report that the lipid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a predictor of long-term survival in patients with luminal BC, and that it blocks tumor progression and lung metastasis in cell and mouse models of BC. Together, our findings highlight the potential of FAAH as a biomarker with prognostic value in luminal BC and as a therapeutic target in metastatic disease.
Characteristics of methane emissions from alpine thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Guibiao , Zheng Zhihu , Abbott Benjamin W. , Olefeldt David , Knoblauch Christian , Song Yutong , Kang Luyao , Qin Shuqi , Peng Yunfeng , Yang Yuanhe
Published: May 2023

Understanding methane (CH4) emission from thermokarst lakes is crucial for predicting the impacts of abrupt thaw on the permafrost carbon-climate feedback. However, observational evidence, especially from high-altitude permafrost regions, is still scarce. Here, by combining field surveys, radio- and stable-carbon isotopic analyses, and metagenomic sequencing, we present multiple characteristics of CH4emissions from 120 thermokarst lakes in 30 clusters along a 1100 km transect on the Tibetan Plateau. We find that thermokarst lakes have high CH4emissions during the ice-free period (13.4 ± 1.5 mmol m−2d−1; mean ± standard error) across this alpine permafrost region. Ebullition constitutes 84% of CH4emissions, which are fueled primarily by young carbon decomposition through the hydrogenotrophic pathway. The relative abundances of methanogenic genes correspond to the observed CH4fluxes. Overall, multiple parameters obtained in this study provide benchmarks for better predicting the strength of permafrost carbon-climate feedback in high-altitude permafrost regions.
The double protonation of dihapto-coordinated benzene complexes enables dearomatization using aromatic nucleophiles
Authors: Weatherford-Pratt Justin T. , Smith Jacob A. , Bloch Jeremy M. , Ericson Megan N. , Myers Jeffery T. , Westendorff Karl S. , Dickie Diane A. , Dean Harman W.
Published: May 2023

Friedel-Crafts Arylation (the Scholl reaction) is the coupling of two aromatic rings with the aid of a strong Lewis or Brønsted acid. This historically significant C–C bond forming reaction normally leads to aromatic products, often as oligomeric mixtures, dictated by the large stabilization gained upon their rearomatization. The coordination of benzene by a tungsten complex disrupts the natural course of this reaction sequence, allowing for Friedel-Crafts Arylation without rearomatization or oligomerization. Subsequent addition of a nucleophile to the coupled intermediate leads to functionalized cyclohexenes. In this work, we show that by coordinating benzene to tungsten through two carbons (dihapto-coordinate), a rarely observed double protonation of the bound benzene is enabled, allowing its subsequent coupling to a second arene without the need of a precious metal or Lewis acid catalyst.
Chicken cecal microbiota reduces abdominal fat deposition by regulating fat metabolism
Authors: Chen Yan , Akhtar Muhammad , Ma Ziyu , Hu Tingwei , Liu Qiyao , Pan Hong , Zhang Xiaolong , Nafady Abdallah A. , Ansari Abdur Rahman , Abdel-Kafy El-Sayed M. , Shi Deshi , Liu Huazhen
Published: May 2023

Cecal microbiota plays an essential role in chicken health. However, its contribution to fat metabolism, particularly in abdominal fat deposition, which is a severe problem in the poultry industry, is still unclear. Here, chickens at 1, 4, and 12 months of age with significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower abdominal fat deposition were selected to elucidate fat metabolism. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher mRNA expression of fat anabolism genes (ACSL1, FADS1, CYP2C45, ACC, and FAS), a significantly (p < 0.05) lower mRNA expression of fat catabolism genes (CPT-1 and PPARα) and fat transport gene APOAI in liver/abdominal fat of high abdominal fat deposition chickens indicated that an unbalanced fat metabolism leads to excessive abdominal fat deposition. Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerofustis were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in high abdominal fat deposition chickens, while Sphaerochaeta was higher in low abdominal fat deposition chickens. Further, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of cecal Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerofustis was positively correlated with abdominal fat deposition, yet cecal Sphaerochaeta was negatively correlated with fat deposition. Interestingly, transferring fecal microbiota from adult chickens with low abdominal fat deposition into one-day-old chicks significantly (p < 0.05) decreased Parabacteroides and fat anabolism genes, while markedly increased Sphaerochaeta (p < 0.05) and fat catabolism genes (p < 0.05). Our findings might help to assess the potential mechanism of cecal microbiota regulating fat deposition in chicken production.
An open database of computed bulk ternary transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Muller Scott E. , Prange Micah P. , Lu Zexi , Rosenthal W. Steven , Bilbrey Jenna A.
Published: May 2023

We present a dataset of structural relaxations of bulk ternary transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) computed via plane-wave density functional theory (DFT). We examined combinations of up to two chalcogenides with seven transition metals from groups 4–6 in octahedral (1T) or trigonal prismatic (2H) coordination. The full dataset consists of 672 unique stoichiometries, with a total of 50,337 individual configurations generated during structural relaxation. Our motivations for building this dataset are (1) to develop a training set for the generation of machine and deep learning models and (2) to obtain structural minima over a range of stoichiometries to support future electronic analyses. We provide the dataset as individual VASP xml files as well as all configurations encountered during relaxations collated into an ASE database with the corresponding total energy and atomic forces. In this report, we discuss the dataset in more detail and highlight interesting structural and electronic features of the relaxed structures.
Effects of schema on the relationship between post-encoding brain connectivity and subsequent durable memory
Authors: Guo Dingrong , Chen Gang , Yang Jiongjiong
Published: May 2023

Schemas can facilitate memory consolidation. Studies have suggested that interactions between the hippocampus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are important for schema-related memory consolidation. However, in humans, how schema accelerates the consolidation of new information and relates to durable memory remains unclear. To address these knowledge gaps, we used a human analogue of the rodent spatial schema task and resting-state fMRI to investigate how post-encoding brain networks can predict long-term memory performance in different schema conditions. After participants were trained to obtain schema-consistent or schema-inconsistent object-location associations, they learned new object-location associations. The new associations were tested after the post-encoding rest in the scanner and 24 h later outside the scanner. The Bayesian multilevel modelling was applied to analyse the post-encoding brain networks. The results showed that during the post-encoding, stronger vmPFC- anterior hippocampal connectivity was associated with durable memory in the schema-consistent condition, whereas stronger object-selective lateral occipital cortex (LOC)-ventromedial prefrontal connectivity and weaker connectivity inside the default mode network were associated with durable memory in the schema inconsistent condition. In addition, stronger LOC-anterior hippocampal connectivity was associated with memory in both schema conditions. These results shed light on how schemas reconfigure early brain networks, especially the prefrontal-hippocampal and stimuli-relevant cortical networks and influence long-term memory performance.
Trophic ecology of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae along the Iberian Canary current eastern boundary upwelling system
Authors: Roura Álvaro , Doyle Stephen R. , Castro-Bugallo Alexandra , Hall Nathan E. , Gonzalez Ángel F. , Strugnell Jan M.
Published: May 2023

Our knowledge of the diet of wild octopus paralarvae, Octopus vulgaris, is restricted to the first 2 weeks of its planktonic phase when they are selective hunters found near the coastline. These small paralarvae, bearing only three suckers per arm, are transported by oceanic currents from the coast towards offshore waters, where they complete the planktonic phase over 2 months. Here, we have investigated the trophic ecology of O. vulgaris paralarvae in two contrasting upwelling sub-regions of the Iberian Canary current (ICC) eastern boundary upwelling system and have evaluated dietary change as paralarvae develop (inferred by counting the number of suckers per arm, ranging from three to 15) along the coastal-oceanic gradient during their planktonic phase. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we have characterised the diet of 100 paralarvae collected along the Northwest Iberian Peninsula (n = 65, three to five suckers per arm) and off the west coast of Morocco (n = 35, three to 15 suckers per arm), identifying up to 87 different prey species. The diet of paralarvae varied along the ICC, with crabs (53.4%), siphonophores (12.2%), copepods (12.3%), cnidarians (8.4%) and pteropods (3.7%) accounting for 90% of the variability detected off NW Iberian Peninsula, whereas off W Morocco, crabs (46.2%), copepods (23.1%), cnidarians (12.9%), krill (9.3%) and fishes (4.2%) explained 95.6% of the variability observed using frequency of observance (FOO%) data. Ontogenetic changes in the diet based on groups of paralarvae with similar numbers per arm were evidenced by the decreasing contribution of coastal meroplankton and an increase in oceanic holoplankton, including siphonophores, copepods, pteropods and krill. Trophic niche breadth values ranged from 0.06 to 0.67, with averaged values ranging from 0.23 to 0.33 (generalist = 1 and specialist = 0), suggesting that O. vulgaris paralarvae are selective predators through their ontogenetic transition between coastal and oceanic environments.
The epidemiology of upper respiratory tract disorders in a population of insured Swedish dogs (2011–2014), and its association to brachycephaly
Authors: Dimopoulou M. , Engdahl K. , Ladlow J. , Andersson G. , Hedhammar Å. , Skiöldebrand E. , Ljungvall I.
Published: May 2023

Upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders are common in dogs but neither general nor breed-related epidemiological data are widely reported. This study´s aims were to describe the epidemiology of URT disorders in a Swedish population of dogs and to investigate whether brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented among high-risk breeds. A cohort of dogs insured by Agria Djurförsäkring in Sweden (2011–2014) was used to calculate overall and breed-specific incidence rate (IR), age at first URT diagnosis and relative risk (RR) for URT disorders. For breeds with high RR for URT disorders, co-morbidities throughout the dog’s insurance period and age at death were investigated. The cohort included approximately 450,000 dogs. URT disorders had an overall IR of 50.56 (95% CI; 49.14–52.01) per 10,000 dog years at risk. Among 327 breeds, the English bulldog, Japanese chin, Pomeranian, Norwich terrier and pug had highest RR of URT disorders. Eight of 13 breeds with high RR for URT disorders were brachycephalic. The median age at first URT diagnosis was 6.00 years (interquartile range 2.59–9.78). French bulldogs with URT diagnoses had a significantly shorter life span (median = 3.61 years) than other breeds with URT diagnosis (median = 7.81 years). Dogs with high risk for URT disorders had more co-morbidities than average.
Thoracolaparoscopic radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer based on the mesoesophageal theory
Authors: Sun Yu-Xiang , Zhu Tian-Yu , Wang Guo-Jun , Gao Bu-Lang , Li Rui-Xin , Wang Jing-Tao
Published: May 2023

To explore the feasibility of mesangium or membrane anatomy theory in thoracolaparoscopic radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, 98 patients with esophageal cancer were enrolled including 45 patients in the mesoesophageal esophagectomy group and 53 patients in the non-mesoesophageal esophagectomy group. Thoracolaparoscopic radical esophagecotmy was technically successful in all patients. Compared the non-mesoesophageal group, the mesoesophageal group had significantly (P < 0.05) shorter surgical duration (211.9 ± 42.0 min vs. 282.0 ± 44.5 min), less blood loss during the procedure (68.9 ± 45.9 ml vs. 167.0 ± 91.4 ml), more harvested lymph nodes (25.9 ± 6.3 vs. 21.8 ± 7.3), shorter hospital stay after surgery (10.5 ± 2.5 d vs. 12.5 ± 4.2 d), shorter fasting time or quicker postoperative feeding time (7.3 ± 1.2 d vs. 9.5 ± 3.9 d), and quicker removal of the thoracic drainage tube after surgery (7.7 ± 2.0 d vs. 9.2 ± 4.1 d). The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 46.7% (21/45) in the mesoesophageal group, which was significantly (P = 0.02) fewer than that (69.8% or 37/53) of the non-mesoesophageal group (P = 0.020). During follow-up 20.6 ± 4.3 or 20.8 ± 3.4 months after esophagectomy, liver metastasis occurred in 1 case and lung metastasis in 1 in the mesoesophageal group, whereas liver metastasis occurred in 2 cases, mediastinal metastasis in 2, and anastomotic recurrence in 1 in the non-mesoesophageal group. The mesoesophageal group had significantly better physical function (81.9 ± 7.3 vs. 78.3 ± 7.6), social function (65.1 ± 7.1 vs. 56.2 ± 18.2), global health status (65.3 ± 10.1 vs. 58.7 ± 12.4), and pain improvement (29.5 ± 9.5 vs. 35.6 ± 10.6). The overall survival rate was 82.2% (37/45) in the mesoesophageal group and 71.7% (38/53) in the non-mesoesophageal group (P = 0.26). The disease-free survival rate was 77.8% (35/45) for the mesoesophageal group and 62.3% (33/53) for the non-mesoesophageal group (P = 0.13). In conclusion:, the mesangium or membrane anatomy theory can be used safely and effectively to guide thoracolaparoscopic radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, with advantages of shorter surgical time, less bleeding, more lymph node harvest, fewer complications, and faster postoperative recovery.
Altered functional connectivity of the ascending reticular activating system in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Byun Jung-Ick , Jahng Geon-Ho , Ryu Chang-Woo , Park Soonchan , Lee Kun Hee , Hong Sung Ok , Jung Ki-Young , Shin Won Chul
Published: May 2023

Repeated arousals during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to altered functional connectivity (FC) of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS). We evaluated resting-state FC between eight ARAS nuclei and 105 cortical/subcortical regions in OSA patients and healthy controls. Fifty patients with moderate to severe OSA and 20 controls underwent overnight polysomnography and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed-to-voxel analysis of ARAS–cortex FC was compared between OSA patients and controls. The ARAS nuclei included the locus coeruleus (LC), laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). FC values of three ARAS nuclei (the LC, LDTg, and VTA) significantly differed between the groups. FC of the LC with the precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and right lateral occipital cortex (LOC) was stronger in OSA patients than controls. FC between the LDTg and right LOC was stronger in OSA patients than controls, but FC between the VTA and right LOC was weaker. Average LC–cortex FC values positively correlated with the arousal, apnea, and apnea–hypopnea index in OSA patients. Alterations in ARAS–cortex FC were observed in OSA patients. The strength of LC–cortex noradrenergic FC was related to arousal or OSA severity in patients.
Inferring the ecology of north-Pacific albacore tuna from catch-and-effort data
Authors: Ijima Hirotaka , Minte-Vera Carolina , Chang Yi-Jay , Ochi Daisuke , Tsuda Yuichi , Jusup Marko
Published: May 2023

Catch-and-effort data are among the primary sources of information for assessing the status of terrestrial wildlife and fish. In fishery science, elaborate stock-assessment models are fitted to such data in order to estimate fish-population sizes and guide management decisions. Given the importance of catch-and-effort data, we scoured a comprehensive dataset pertaining to albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the north Pacific Ocean for novel ecological information content about this commercially valuable species. Specifically, we used unsupervised learning based on finite mixture modelling to reveal that the north Pacific albacore-tuna stock can be divided into four pseudo-cohorts. We discovered that smaller body mass pseudo-cohorts inhabit relatively high—subtropical to temperate—latitudes, with hotspots off the coast of Japan. Larger body mass pseudo-cohorts inhabit lower—tropical to subtropical—latitudes, with hotspots in the western and central north Pacific. These results offer evidence that albacore tuna prefer different habitats depending on their body mass, and point to long-term migratory routes for the species that the current tagging technology is unlikely to capture in full. We discuss the implications of the results for data-driven modelling of albacore tuna in the north Pacific, as well as the management of the north Pacific albacore-tuna fishery.
Deep reinforcement learning for data-driven adaptive scanning in ptychography
Authors: Schloz Marcel , Müller Johannes , Pekin Thomas C. , Van den Broek Wouter , Madsen Jacob , Susi Toma , Koch Christoph T.
Published: May 2023

We present a method that lowers the dose required for an electron ptychographic reconstruction by adaptively scanning the specimen, thereby providing the required spatial information redundancy in the regions of highest importance. The proposed method is built upon a deep learning model that is trained by reinforcement learning, using prior knowledge of the specimen structure from training data sets. We show that using adaptive scanning for electron ptychography outperforms alternative low-dose ptychography experiments in terms of reconstruction resolution and quality.
Hopf physical reservoir computer for reconfigurable sound recognition
Authors: Shougat Md Raf E. Ul , Li XiaoFu , Shao Siyao , McGarvey Kathleen , Perkins Edmon
Published: May 2023

The Hopf oscillator is a nonlinear oscillator that exhibits limit cycle motion. This reservoir computer utilizes the vibratory nature of the oscillator, which makes it an ideal candidate for reconfigurable sound recognition tasks. In this paper, the capabilities of the Hopf reservoir computer performing sound recognition are systematically demonstrated. This work shows that the Hopf reservoir computer can offer superior sound recognition accuracy compared to legacy approaches (e.g., a Mel spectrum + machine learning approach). More importantly, the Hopf reservoir computer operating as a sound recognition system does not require audio preprocessing and has a very simple setup while still offering a high degree of reconfigurability. These features pave the way of applying physical reservoir computing for sound recognition in low power edge devices.
The influence of hydrothermal fatigue on the clinically relevant functional properties of conventional glass-ionomer cements
Authors: Łępicka Magdalena , Niewczas Agata Maria , Rodziewicz Magdalena Urszula , Pikuła Konrad , Kordos Paweł , Gredes Tomasz , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan
Published: May 2023

During their everyday service, the restorative dental materials are subjected to temperature changes which can be viewed as intensive in the context of the highest allowed temperatures for these materials. In this work, the effect of hydrothermal fatigue on the in vitro tribological performance, compression strength, microhardness, and surface roughness of glass-ionomer cements was studied. Samples of 3 commercially available cements were divided into the reference (aged 14 days) and thermocycled (20,000 cycles; 5–55 °C) groups. The results obtained show that functional properties of the specimens subjected to thermal fatigue significantly differ from the literature data on the cements aged at constant temperatures. The effect of hydrothermal fatigue on the functional properties of cements is discussed in the context of processes induced by exposure to variable temperatures.
Study on the preparation and mechanical properties of purple ceramics
Authors: Wang Lihe , Wang Yonghui , Wang Qingchun , Ma Yuwei , Ruan Fei , Zhang Yonghe , Lv Haodong , Jing Qiang , Bao Jinxiao
Published: May 2023

This paper aims at preparing a smart wearable purple ceramic that meet the color requirements of purple smart wear in the market after using zirconate neodymium as a chromogenic agent. However, the mechanical performance of zirconate neodymium purple ceramic is not satisfactory, especially it has an extremely low fracture toughness. To solve this, a 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) is added to zirconate neodymium in the preparation of multiphase ceramics to improve its mechanical properties. In this experiment, a series of ceramic samples with addition of increasing amount of 3YSZ 0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% were prepared in the 1400–1500 °C sintering temperature range. It was found that at the same temperature, the mechanical properties of the ceramic samples gradually improved with the increase in the 3YSZ content. Moreover, with the same content, the mechanical properties of the ceramic samples gradually improved with the decrease in temperature. The results show that when 3YSZ has a mass fraction of 80% and is sintered at 1400 °C, the fracture toughness of the prepared ceramic samples reaches 8.15 MPa‧m1/2, which is nearly two times higher than that of the monolithic neodymium zirconate 2.57 MPa‧m1/2. The Vickers hardness of the prepared ceramic samples reached 12.93 GPa, which is nearly 88% higher than the undoped neodymium zirconate. This indicates that the samples can be applied in smart wearables, such as mobile phone backplane, with a certain practical significance for engineering toughening of zirconate ceramics.
Elucidating HONO formation mechanism and its essential contribution to OH during haze events
Authors: Zhang Xinran , Tong Shengrui , Jia Chenhui , Zhang Wenqian , Wang Zhen , Tang Guiqian , Hu Bo , Liu Zirui , Wang Lili , Zhao Pusheng , Pan Yuepeng , Ge Maofa
Published: May 2023

Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) chemistry is of critical importance to air quality during polluted haze events, especially in China. However, current air quality models (such as WRF-CHEM, WRF-CMAQ, Box-MCM) generally underestimate the concentration of HONO, leading to a lack of fundamental understanding of haze pollution. Here, by combining field observations during haze events in Beijing and modeling results, we developed the new parameterization scheme for heterogeneous nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reaction on aerosol surfaces with the synergistic effects of relative humidity and ammonia, which has not been considered in existing air quality models. Including NO2heterogeneous reactions into modeling significantly improves the estimation accuracy of HONO and OH levels, with the contribution reaching up to 91% and 78% during pollution episodes. The OH derived by HONO can partly explain high concentrations of particulate matter. Together, our work provides a new approach to illustrate the formation of HONO, OH, and haze with the consideration of heterogeneous NO2 → HONO chemistry.
Multigenic resistance to Xylella fastidiosa in wild grapes (Vitis sps.) and its implications within a changing climate
Authors: Morales-Cruz Abraham , Aguirre-Liguori Jonas , Massonnet Mélanie , Minio Andrea , Zaccheo Mirella , Cochetel Noe , Walker Andrew , Riaz Summaira , Zhou Yongfeng , Cantu Dario , Gaut Brandon S.
Published: May 2023

Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterium that infects crops like grapevines, coffee, almonds, citrus and olives. There is little understanding of the genes that contribute to plant resistance, the genomic architecture of resistance, and the potential role of climate in shaping resistance, in part because major crops like grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are not resistant to the bacterium. Here we study a wild grapevine species, V. arizonica, that segregates for resistance. Using genome-wide association, we identify candidate resistance genes. Resistance-associated kmers are shared with a sister species of V. arizonica but not with more distant species, suggesting that resistance evolved more than once. Finally, resistance is climate dependent, because individuals from low ( < 10 °C) temperature locations in the wettest quarter were typically susceptible to infection, likely reflecting a lack of pathogen pressure in colder climates. In fact, climate is as effective a predictor of resistance phenotypes as some genetic markers. We extend our climate observations to additional crops, predicting that increased pathogen pressure is more likely for grapevines and almonds than some other susceptible crops.
Synergistic effects of rare earth doping and carbon quantum dots on BiOF/Bi2MoO6 heterojunctions for enhanced visible-near-infrared photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Wen , Cheng Yan , Jin Sui , Wang Kexin , Ma Junqi , Guan Baijie , Ren Ziye , Tan Tianya , Wang Jiwei
Published: May 2023

Photocatalytic mechanisms under visible and NIR light irradiation of the CQDs/BFYT/B-2 heterojunction.
Discovery of lead quinone cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Khetan Abhishek , Zheng Jie , Huijben Mark , Janssen René A. J. , Er Süleyman
Published: May 2023

The search for quinone-based lithium-ion battery cathode materials within a vast chemical space.
Hydroarylation of alkynes via dual ortho-C–H functionalization of diaryl amines on a dicopper(i,i) platform
Authors: Pal Nilay Kumar , Patra Moumita , Pandey Prabhakar K. , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: May 2023

A NHC-supported dicopper(i,i) catalyst is utilised for dual ortho-C–H functionalization of a diarylamine with an alkyne resulting in the sp3-C product from sp-C through regioselective annulation.
Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 acts as a potential chemical chaperone to stabilize therapeutic insulin
Authors: Pariary Ranit , Dolui Sandip , Shome Gourav , Mohid Sk Abdul , Saha Achintya , Ratha Bhisma N , Harikishore Amaravadhi , Jana Kuladip , Mandal Atin K , Bhunia Anirban , Maiti Nakul C
Published: May 2023

Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 acts as a chemical chaperone, increasing therapeutic insulin bioavailability by stabilising the active state of human insulin, disrupting aggregates to nontoxic smaller species, and enhancing insulin secretion.
Gold-based enantioselective bimetallic catalysis
Authors: Ambegave Shivhar B. , Shubham  , More Tushar R. , Patil Nitin T.
Published: May 2023

Multimetallic catalysis is a powerful strategy to access complex molecular scaffolds efficiently from easily available starting materials.
Selective anion sensing in high salt waterviaa remote indicator displacement assay
Authors: Hickey Briana L. , Raz Alexie Andrea P. , Chen Junyi , Moreno Jose L. , Hartman Joshua D. , Zhong Wenwan , Hooley Richard J.
Published: May 2023

A host–guest sensor can detect micromolar amounts of iodide in high salt buffer,viaconformational rearrangement and indicator displacement.
Ring expansion reactions of PO-containing molecules
Authors: Yang Zhongzhen , Tam Jerry K. F. , Wootton Jack M. , Lynam Jason M. , Unsworth William P.
Published: May 2023

A series of ring expansion reactions of PO-containing molecules have been developed for the synthesis of medium-sized ring cyclic phosphonate esters and phosphonamidates.
Regulating structural asymmetryviafluorination engineering in hybrid lead bromide perovskites
Authors: Ru Hua-Yang , Wang Zhao-Yang , Liu Hua-Li , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: May 2023

Here, we synthesized a pair of chiral two-dimensional lead bromide perovskitesR-/S-(C3H7NF3)2PbBr4(1R/2S) using a H/F substitution strategy, which exhibit circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity.
Correction: Reinforced hydrogel network building by a rapid dual-photo-coupling reaction for 3D printing
Authors: Zhou Renjie , Hua Yujie , Yang Lipeng , Bao Bingkun , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Reinforced hydrogel network building by a rapid dual-photo-coupling reaction for 3D printing’ by Renjie Zhou et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 1963–1966, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC05677A.
2D layered BP/InSe and BP/Janus In2SeX (X = S or Te) type-II van der Waals heterostructures for photovoltaics: insight from first-principles calculations
Authors: Cheng Kai , Xu Jinke , Guo Xu , Guo Sandong , Su Yan
Published: May 2023

The BP/InSe and BP/Janus In2SeX (X = S or Te) type-II van der Waals heterostructures can help the photo-excited electrons and holes to separate and achieve excellent photoelectric power conversion efficiency of up to about 21%.
Benzophenone glass, supercooled liquid, and crystals: elastic properties and phase transitions
Authors: Gromnitskaya Elena L. , Danilov Igor V. , Zubkov Fedor I. , Brazhkin Vadim V.
Published: May 2023

Benzophenone glass → supercooled liquid → β → α phase transition cascade, induced by increasing temperature.
Biosynthesis of 2-furylhydroxymethylketone, an intermediate of cefuroxime, from furfural and formaldehyde using a ThDP-dependent enzyme
Authors: Zhang Xianghe , Wei Hao , Wei Xinlin , Qi Tengteng , Zong Xinrui , Liu Zixi , Qin Jie , Gao Xiuzhen , Zheng Gengxiu , Ma Qinyuan
Published: May 2023

The enzymatic synthesis of 2-furylhydroxymethylketone from furfural and formaldehyde was developed on a preparative scale, which provides a promising alternative for the low-cost and green industrial production of the SMIA.
Modular droplet injector for sample conservation providing new structural insight for the conformational heterogeneity in the disease-associated NQO1 enzyme
Authors: Doppler Diandra , Sonker Mukul , Egatz-Gomez Ana , Grieco Alice , Zaare Sahba , Jernigan Rebecca , Meza-Aguilar Jose Domingo , Rabbani Mohammad T. , Manna Abhik , Alvarez Roberto C. , Karpos Konstantinos , Cruz Villarreal Jorvani , Nelson Garrett , Yang Jay-How , Carrion Jackson , Morin Katherine , Ketawala Gihan K. , Pey Angel L. , Ruiz-Fresneda Miguel Angel , Pacheco-Garcia Juan Luis , Hermoso Juan A. , Nazari Reza , Sierra Raymond , Hunter Mark S. , Batyuk Alexander , Kupitz Christopher J. , Sublett Robert E. , Lisova Stella , Mariani Valerio , Boutet Sébastien , Fromme Raimund , Grant Thomas D. , Botha Sabine , Fromme Petra , Kirian Richard A. , Martin-Garcia Jose Manuel , Ros Alexandra
Published: May 2023

A 3D-printed modular droplet injector successfully delivered microcrystals of human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and phycocyanin with electrical stimulation in a serial crystallography experiment at 120 Hz repetition rate.
Improved thermoelectric performance of Co-doped β-FeSi2by Ni substitution
Authors: Sam Sopheap , Nakatsugawa Hiroshi , Okamoto Yoichi
Published: May 2023

Employing thermoelectric (TE) materials, which can directly convert heat into electricity, are a promising strategy for recovering industrial waste heat.
Extrusion of uniform-diameter polyetheretherketone–magnesium phosphate bio-composite filaments for 3D printing of design-specific multi-functional implants
Authors: Bokam Vijay K. , Sonaye Surendrasingh Y. , Nagaraju Phaniteja , Naganaboyina Harsha P. S. , Sikder Prabaha
Published: May 2023

Uniform diameter PEEK–AMP composites filaments were extruded for 3D printing.
Reversible transformation between solid and liquid states of Na2S2O3·5H2O leads to supercapacitor electrolytes with low volatilization and low self-discharge
Authors: Min Xiangfei , Tan Jingxuan , Dong Tailong , Li Yidi , Pei Mengyi , Wang Chen , Fu Xuewei , Zhou Huawei , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianxi
Published: May 2023

In this study, we used Na2S2O3·5H2O as the electrolyte for aqueous supercapacitors. Na2S2O3·5H2O in supercapacitors as an aqueous electrolyte can reduce the volatilization of the electrolyte and the self-discharge rate of the supercapacitor.
PAMAM–guanylthiourea conjugates mask furin's substrate binding site: mechanistic insights from molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies assist the design of potential furin inhibitors
Authors: Nair Chithra R. , Sreejalekshmi K. G.
Published: May 2023

PAMAM-guanylthiourea conjugates as potential furin inhibitors.
Preparation of carboxyl group functionalized FDU-15 type materials for the cyclization of CO2 with 2-aminophenol
Authors: Zhu Shuaiyin , Xue Teng , Wu Haihong
Published: May 2023

Carboxyl functionalized FDU-type mesoporous polymers were prepared, showing excellent catalytic performance and reusability in the preparation of benzoxazoles through the cyclization of 2-aminophenols with CO2 without the use of any co-catalyst.
Rational design of spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] based molecule for aggregation induced emission (AIE) and mechanochromism (MC): synthesis and theoretical investigation
Authors: Shivaji Babar Suraj , Chand Lal , Girase Jaipal Devesing , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: May 2023

A novel highly luminescent material with donor–spacer–acceptor spiroxanthene core integrated with triphenylamine designed and synthesized for aggregation induced emission (AIE) and mechano-responsive properties.
Unlocking the potential of thermally exfoliated ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets: abundant active sites for enhanced solar photocatalysis
Authors: Das Suma , Pramanik Swapnamoy , Nair Ranjith G. , Chowdhury Avijit
Published: May 2023

Thermally exfoliated g-C3N4 with a large surface area and abundant active sites for improved photocatalytic degradation of MB, RhB, and CIP in diverse aqueous media.
A supported polymeric organic framework composed of dual electrocatalytically active sites for high-performance carbon dioxide electroreduction
Authors: Huang Shengsheng , He Qizhe , Li Hongwei , Qian Jinjie , Xu Wei , Li Ting-Ting
Published: May 2023

We construct an organic–inorganic hybrid electrocatalyst by the template-directed in situ polymerization of porphyrin-based organic framework with dual catalytic sites on the CNT scaffold for high-performance CO2electroreduction.
Selective 6-endo-dig and ring-expansion cycloisomerizations of ortho-disubstituted thiophenes bearing 1-en-3-yne moieties
Authors: Ren Yingjian , Zhou Zhanglang , Chen Weinan , Liu Si , Wang Min , Zhou Gang
Published: May 2023

Chemoselective 6-endo-dig and ring-expansion cycloisomerizations have been discovered for ortho-disubstituted thiophene derivatives bearing 1-en-3-yne moieties.
Inducing hierarchical pores in nano-MOFs for efficient gas separation
Authors: Landström Kritika Narang , Nambi Ashwin , Kaiser Andreas , Akhtar Farid
Published: May 2023

Structured hierarchically porous pellets of Cu-MOF nanocrystals show interesting properties for CO2 capture.
Simulation of a thermo-electrochemical cell with graphite rod electrodes
Authors: Zheng Jili , Li Jun , Zhang Liang , Yang Yang
Published: May 2023

A mathematical model coupling electrochemical reactions and heat/mass transfer was investigated.
A brief review: the application of long afterglow luminescent materials in environmental remediation
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Wang Qiuwen , Liu Siyu , Ya Wen , Qi Ping , Ni Zenan , Liu Huimin , Zhang Qijian
Published: May 2023

Long afterglow luminescent (LAL) materials as an inner light source supporting photocatalytic activity for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution.
First-principles study on structural, electronic and optical properties of halide double perovskite Cs2AgBX6 (B = In, Sb; X = F, Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Yu Chol-Jun , Ri Il-Chol , Ri Hak-Myong , Jang Jong-Hyok , Kim Yun-Sim , Jong Un-Gi
Published: May 2023

First-principles calculations have been performed to study structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of all-inorganic halide double perovskites Cs2AgBX6 (B = In, Sb; X = F, Cl, Br, I) for solar cell and light emission applications.
N-Phenyl acrylamide-incorporated porous silica-bound graphene oxide sheets with excellent removal capacity for Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) from wastewater
Authors: Khan Musa , Ali Faiz , Ramzan Saba , AlOthman Zeid A.
Published: May 2023

Synthesis of a monolith architectured silica-anchored graphene oxide composite and its adsorption demonstration for the removal of chromium(vi) and chromium(iii).
Pseudo-multicomponent reactions
Authors: Flores-Reyes Julio C. , Cotlame-Salinas Vanesa del C. , Ibarra Ilich A. , González-Zamora Eduardo , Islas-Jácome Alejandro
Published: May 2023

Pseudo-MCRs are domino-type one-pot processes that involve combinations of at least three reactants (similarly to normal MCRs) but in which one of them is stoichiometrically duplicated (or more) and hence takes part into two reaction steps (or more).
Electron transparent nanotubes reveal crystallization pathways in confinement
Authors: Galloway Johanna M. , Aslam Zabeada P. , Yeandel Stephen R. , Kulak Alexander , Ilett Martha A. , Kim Yi-Yeoun , Bejarano-Villafuerte Angela , Pokroy Boaz , Drummond-Brydson Rik M. , Freeman Colin L. , Harding John H. , Kapur Nikil , Meldrum Fiona C.
Published: May 2023

Transparent nanotubes made by coating track etched membranes with amorphous titania are used to study the evolutionary pathways of calcium sulfate crystallization in confinement.
Improving time-resolution and sensitivity of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a powder catalyst by modulated excitation
Authors: Roger M. , Artiglia L. , Boucly A. , Buttignol F. , Agote-Arán M. , van Bokhoven J. A. , Kröcher O. , Ferri D.
Published: May 2023

Modulated excitation experiments coupled to time-resolved NAP-XPS allow following the dynamics of reactive species on a powder Pd/Al2O3 catalyst with unprecedented precision..
A pillar[5]arene noncovalent assembly boosts a full-color lanthanide supramolecular light switch
Authors: Zhou Wei-Lei , Dai Xian-Yin , Lin Wenjing , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: May 2023

A photo-responsive full-color lanthanide supramolecular switch was constructed from pillar[5]arene derivative (H) Tb3+or Eu3+complex and dicationic diarylethene derivative (G1) through a noncovalent supramolecular assembly.
Total internal reflection microscopy: a powerful tool for exploring interactions and dynamics near interfaces
Authors: Wu Jiahao , Liu Wei , Ngai To
Published: May 2023

Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) is a powerful tool for characterizing near-interface interactions and dynamics, which are important in the fields of colloids, biophysics, etc.
Ionic conductivity, viscosity, and self-diffusion coefficients of novel imidazole salts for lithium-ion battery electrolytes
Authors: Szczęsna-Chrzan Anna , Vogler Monika , Yan Peng , Żukowska Grażyna Zofia , Wölke Christian , Ostrowska Agnieszka , Szymańska Sara , Marcinek Marek , Winter Martin , Cekic-Laskovic Isidora , Wieczorek Władysław , Stein Helge S.
Published: May 2023

Alkyl chain length influences ionicity, conductivity, and viscosity of lithium imidazole salts.
Biomimetic polymeric transcatheter heart valve leaflets with low calcification and good regenerative ability
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Jiang Honghui , Zhang Wenjie , Kong Yuanyuan , Kong Deling , Liu Jing , Wang Zhihong
Published: May 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technology is quickly advancing in clinic, however, as it expands to low-risk populations and younger patients (age <65 years), device durability is becoming a major challenge.
Creation and modulation of ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic hematite nanoplates
Authors: Li Jiayi , Wang Zihan , Li Sen , Ye Chu , Gao Daojiang , Wu Jiangtao , Zhao Guoping , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: May 2023

A well-defined ferromagnetism with record-high magnetization at room temperature is created and modulated in {001} faceted hematite nanoplates.
White lasing – materials, design and applications
Authors: Szukalska Alina , Mysliwiec Jaroslaw
Published: May 2023

The combination of different color-emitting laser dyes, together with compatible materials with targeted optical properties, can lead to the construction of different white lasers.
High-performance ultraviolet photodetectors based on MAPbCl3 perovskites for visible-light-insensitive defect detection
Authors: Cen Guobiao , Lv Yibo , Yuan Ye , Yan Genghua , Ji Zhong , Zhao Chuanxi , Mai Wenjie
Published: May 2023

In this work, wide bandgap perovskite MAPbCl3 films were successfully synthesized by low temperature vapor phase anion exchange and applied in visible-light-insensitive defect detection.
Insulin signalling and GLUT4 trafficking in insulin resistance
Authors: van Gerwen Julian , Shun-Shion Amber S. , Fazakerley Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue is vital for maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. Insulin promotes glucose uptake into these tissues by triggering a protein phosphorylation signalling cascade, which converges on multiple trafficking processes to deliver the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell surface. Impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in these tissues underlies insulin resistance, which is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Despite this, the precise changes in insulin signalling and GLUT4 trafficking underpinning insulin resistance remain unclear. In this review, we highlight insights from recent unbiased phosphoproteomics studies, which have enabled a comprehensive examination of insulin signalling and have transformed our perspective on how signalling changes may contribute to insulin resistance. We also discuss how GLUT4 trafficking is disrupted in insulin resistance, and underline sites where signalling changes could lead to these trafficking defects. Lastly, we address several major challenges currently faced by researchers in the field. As signalling and trafficking alterations can be examined at increasingly high resolution, integrative approaches examining the two in combination will provide immense opportunities for elucidating how they conspire to cause insulin resistance.