bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffusion model based on shared friends-aware independent cascade
Authors: Alasadi M K , Almamory H N
Published: October 2019

Due to the swift growth of social network and the large variety of its application, numerous research effort aims at predict or explain the information diffusion phenomenon and how the user behaviour changes according to the effect of social pressure. Applications like viral marketing, rumour controlling, and individual behaviour analysis are some areas where these researches are applied. Many models proposed to handle the problem of information diffusion. Such models mostly require disseminated probabilities to be assigned for each link in diffusion network. In this paper we address the problem of predicting the information diffusion cascade. The proposed model named “Shared Friends-Aware IC-Based Diffusion Model (SFA-ICBDM)” can be seen as extension to the well known diffusion model, Independent Cascade model(IC). (SFA-ICBDM) model make use of structural feature of diffusion network specifically the common friend and similarity in terms of behaviour among users as a probability of influencing among users, then predict the cascade of information dissemination. The experiment has been conducted using real world social network dataset (Meme Tracker). In sum, the proposed model has been compared with baseline model IC and related works, where it shows improvement over baseline and related works. In addition, some promising conclusions have been obtained.
Breast Cancer Classification: Using Hybrid Technique (Association Rules and Deep Neural Network)
Authors: Kamel Ahmed Hajer , Abdulhade Abdullah Dhahir , Mustafa Al-Tuwaijari Jamal
Published: October 2019

Early detection of any disease is very important since it aids curable with a few of effort. A lot of people fail to detection their disease before it be chronic. This causes an increase in mortality about the world. One of these diseases is breast cancer that can be cured when identified in the early stages before it spreads throughout the body. Develop techniques that can aide physicians to get accurate diagnosis is significantly important in early detection for this disease. The goal is design a hybrid approach (class association rules and deep neural network). In this paper, we design efficient methodology for classifying breast cancer using hybrid approach techniques. Where used a CARs to discover all the interesting relationship in a large database, while the DNN is used for classification purpose. In this study, use Wisconsin Breast cancer dataset from UCI machine learning repository to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The experiment show that proposed system achieves good results, with high accuracy of 100% and less mean square error rate 0.0002.
The Application of the Internet of Things to Enhance Smart Cities
Authors: Hameed Majeed Samar , Hadi Abdulwahid Ali
Published: October 2019

This paper explores the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a tool to promote sustainable urban development in the context of Smart City campaigns. As an important element of the smart city concept, IoT is expected to enhance urban sustainability through sensor networks that detect and transmit data. However, challenges remain, adding a layer of difficulty to the process of using the Internet of things to achieve the goals.This paper affirms the concept and relationship of smart city and Internet of things. Then the use of the Internet of things technology in all aspects of supporting the sustainable development of the city was discussed. Therefore, the field of urban planning must cooperate to make good use of the Internet of things technology to achieve sustainable development. The development and application of IoT technology is closely related to the smart city movement. The current trend towards the use of information communication technology (ICT) in cities and architecture may pose new problems and challenges than urban planners. In the context of the smart city movement, urban planners need to understand the role that every ICT is playing in order to make better use of these technologies.
Automated Scoring for Essay Questions In E-learning
Authors: Joundy Hazar Manar , Hussein Toman Zinah , Hussein Toman Sarah
Published: October 2019

E-learning is employing technology to help and promote learning begun decades ago.one of most important example of using intelligent software agent in e-learning is Intelligent Tutoring systems (ITSs). Assessment plays a significant role in the educational process. Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is defined as the computer technology that evaluates and scores the subjective answers. To evaluate students essay answers based on a linguistic knowledge in this project we presented a suitable model. Getting results from the recommended system application in calculating simulation results indicates high precision in performance associated with other methods. We used square root error rate (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient metrics to measure the system efficiency and also use student answer acquired from the University of North Texas data collection, this data accessible on the Internet.
Saccharine based carbonyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes: novel modification, characterization and its ability for removing Cd(II) and Cu(II) from soil and environmental water samples
Authors: Raoof Mahmood Ahmed , Alheety Mustafa A , Asker Mohammed M M , Zyaad Tareq Alarqam , Karadağ Ahmet
Published: October 2019

This research highlights the chemical modification of one of the carbon nanostructures (multi-walled carbon nanotubes-COOH) with an artificial sweetener (saccharine) to synthesize a highly efficient absorbent material (MWCNTs-CO-Sac). This material was thereafter used to the packing column in solid phase extraction of cadmium and copper divalent ions from real samples. This nano-adsorbent was diagnosed with different techniques: infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential thermal analysis (DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Particle size distribution (PSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of pH, sample and eluent flow rates, volume, type and concentration of eluent, volume of sample and interfering ions were studied to achieve the optimal conditions for solid phase extraction of Cd(II) and Cu(II) based on the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Moreover, the preconcentration factors were calculated to be 75. The results of a limit of detection (LOD) 0.07 μgL−1 and 0.09 μgL−1 for Cd(II) and Cu(II) respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) of this study was 0.45% for Cd(II) and 0.51% for Cu(II). The optimized method was applied to soil and environmental water samples.
Mitigation effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on some metabolic compounds of maize seedling grown under salt stress
Authors: Mohamed Amal A , Khan Ekhlaque A , Misra Amarendra N
Published: October 2019

Salt stress is considered as a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop productivity. The present study was conducted to investigate whether using nitric oxide (NO) molecule could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress in maize (Zea mays L.) seedling. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used at 60 µM concentration, as NO donor in the nutrient solution of maize seedlings grown with three concentrations of NaCl (0.0, 150 and 200 mM). Leaf samples were collected on the 7th and 15th day after NaCl treatment. Chlorophyll contents and lipid peroxidation gave different values under salt stress. The NO treated seedling showed high content of proline, phenolic and flavonoid. Nitric oxide induced an increase in antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities. These data indicated that the exogenous NO application is useful way to mitigate the salinity-induced oxidative stress in maize seedling.
Study A Corrosion Inhibitor Of 1-Isoquinolinyl Phenyl Ketone For Mild Steel In Acidic Medium As Hcl Acid
Authors: Al-Uqaily Raheem A.H. , Al-Bayaty Subhi A.
Published: October 2019

In this research, a study was “1-isoquinolinyl phenyl ketone” as a corrosion inhibitor with concentrations (100, 125 150 and 200 ppm) for mild steel in acidic media as HCl acid at temperatures (25, 35 and 45 C) by using the polarization and weight loss methods. The results showed that the inhibitor is good kind especially in high concentrations for inhibitor, where inhibition efficiency increased with increasing of inhibitor concentrations and temperatures, the inhibitor is mixed type revealed, presence nitrogen and oxygen atoms in structure of inhibitor its influential role in adsorption process and formation film layer on metal. Thus study effect inhibitor concentration on thermodynamics kinetic parameters Ea, ΔH, ΔS, and ΔGadsand adsorption is chemical kind.
Synthesis, Characterization Of Organic Nanoparticles of Oxadiazole Derivative
Authors: Al-Sahib Sanaa A , Hitur Awad Sana , Thejeel Khalida A
Published: October 2019

The synthesis oxadiazole derivative 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4oxadiazole (3a,3b,3c) was prepared from reaction of N-(4-amino benzene sulphonyl)Morpholipebut-2-enehydrazide with (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde,4-methoxy benzaldehyde,4-ethoxybenzaldehyde) in the presence of lone as catalyst. The structure of (3a,3b,3c) was characterized by using FT-IR, H-NMR and spectroscopy. Nanoparticles of the prepared compounds have been fabricated in aqueous media using re-precipitation method.Characterization of the nano particles (ONPs) have been performed by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and scanning electron micro scope ( SEM). The size of the nanoparticales were around 150-200 nm as indicated by (SEM). The maximum of absorption spectrum of the dispersed nanoparticales red shifted by 5nm from the molecules of product in the solution.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles coated [1,3] Thiazin-4-One derivatives
Authors: Mohammed Leqaa A , Nief Olfat A , Askar Firyal W , Majeed Abdulwahhab H
Published: October 2019

Heterocyclic compounds have been used extensively used in pharmaceutical research area due to their effective biological activities. Thiazine, a heterocyclic compound with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen and one sulfur atoms which have promising pharmacological activities that have attracted the attention of scientists and researchers. In this research [3-(4-Amino-phenyl)-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one [comp. (2)] was used as a synthone for the preparation of Schiff bases [comp.(3)-(7)]. The synthesis compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles was prepared by chemical reduction and characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectrum (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Ag NPs was used as a base nano metal for preparing Schiff bases-Ag NPs derivatives. The pure Ag NPs and Ag NPs functionalized Schiff bases nano compounds were used to check their effectiveness against four different types of bacterial (Staphylococcus aurous, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp.) and one type of fungal (Candida albicans) by a serial dilution method.
Spectrophotometric determination of deltamethrine in pure and environmental samples
Authors: Mahmood Ali , Muhammad Sumayha
Published: October 2019

An accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of deltamethrine (DLM) [(S)-Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl] 3-(2, 2-dibromoethenyl)-2, 2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate by reduction of 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium (TET) by cyanide ion yield from methanolic alkaline hydrolysis of DLM and subsequent react with p-nitrobenzyldehyde to form a good reduction agent for TET to yield the formazan has maximum absorption at 483 nm. Maximum colour absorption was attained in 15 min in the presence of 0.5 N NaOH. In addition to the considerably high values of the molar absorptivity of the chromogen formed, ideal adherence of the colour absorption to the Beer‐Lambert law permitted a sensitive micro and nano determination of DLM in both pure and environmental samples. The Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of (0.1-3) µg mL−1. The analytical parameters were evaluated in the proposed method and have been successfully applied for the determination of DLM in its formulations and environmental samples. The aim of this study is it to develop rapid sensitive analytical method to evaluate the micrograms of DLM in various samples.
New azo-azomethine derivative of sulfanilamide: Synthesis, Characterization, Spectroscopic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity study
Authors: Al-Atbi Hala S , Al-Salami Bushra K , Al-Assadi Iqbal J
Published: October 2019

A series of azo-azomethine compounds (Sb1- Sb5) have been synthesized with magnificent yield by condensation reaction of 4-((3-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl) enzenesulfonamide and aniline derivatives. The new azo compound was prepared from sulfanilamide by converting it to diazonium salt followed by coupling reaction with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde in alkaline medium. The structures of synthesized azo and azo-azomethine compounds have been established based on their spectral data (FT-IR,1HNMR,13CNMR)and elemental analysis (C,H,N).The purity of compound and evaluation of Rf value were determined by TLC. The antimicrobial activity of azo-azomethine compounds have been tested in vitro against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klepsilia pneumonia) and fungi (Candida glabrata, Candida albicane and Aspergillus niger) by agar diffusion method, to assess their inhibiting potential. Also the antioxidant efficiency of azo-azomethine compounds have been calculated.
Synthesis and anti-bacterial activity of some azo compounds
Authors: Abdul Sattar Omar D , Shneshil Mustafa K , Mohammed Mustafa K , Dheyab Hiba B , Alwan Osama K , Hussein Suaad A , Mahmood Maha A
Published: October 2019

Some azo compounds were prepared by the reaction of 4-amino benzamide with benzoyl chloride forming N-benzoyl-4-amino benzamide, the later was diazotized to give N-benzoyl-4-((substituted phenyl)diazenyl)benzamide (1-6). The compounds were characterized by F.T-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The azo derivatives (1-6) were tested for their antibacterial activity against (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa) by using disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the compounds also calculated by agar streak dilution method. The azo derivatives show moderate activity against the used bacteria.
Synthesis and characterization of a New Schiff base ligand type N2O2 and their Cobalt (II), Nickel (II), Copper (II), and Zinc (II) complexes
Authors: Awad Adil A , Mujbel Hasson Mohammed , fadhel Alaa abbas , Alfarhani Bassam faron
Published: October 2019

New schiff base bis (salicylidene) tetramethylbenzidine (bstmb) was prepared via the condensation of salicylaldehyde with 3, 3−, 5,5−-tetramethylbenzidine in an ethanol solution. Four complexes were prepared by reaction of schiff base with metal acetat where m(ii),[co, ni, cu, and zn]. The schiff base ligand and their complexes were characterized by using infrared, 1h nmr spectroscopy, uv-visible spectra, solubility, melting point, (c.h.n) analysis, and molar conductance. The potentiometer analysis of the metal complexes revealed 1:1 (schiff base: metal particle) stoichiometry.
Influencing the Artificial UV-A light on decolorization of Chlorazol black BH Dye via using bulk ZnO Suspensions
Authors: Khudhair Abbas Sawsan , Hassan Zainab M , Ahmed Luma M
Published: October 2019

This manuscript is interested with the using Chlorazol black BH dye as a model compound. This photo reaction was obeyed first-order kinetics with low activation energy equal to 27.135 kJ/mol. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the Arrhenius equation, the Eyring-Polanyi equation and the Gibbs equation, then proved this photo reaction is exothermic, with less random and spontaneous reaction. The best conditions were controlled with the using the artificial UV-A and found to be 100 mg/L (dye concentration), 200 mg (bulk ZnO), 7.63 as initial pH and 15°C, from the other side, the photo-decolorization efficiency at these best conditions, was reached to 99.072% At final, the suitable mechanism for decolorization and degradation of Chlorazol black BH Dye was suggested.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of some metal complexes with mixed ligands derived from Mannich bases and diamine ligands
Authors: Al-Dobony Bara S , Al-Assafe Amaal Y
Published: October 2019

The present study deals with the structure and antimicrobial properties of a new series complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions with mixed ligands involved Mannich ligand (L) and diamine ligand (L’).

L=Mannich ligands involved L1, L2, L3 namely:

L1 = N-[1-Morpholino-(3-methoxy,4-hydroxy)benzyl]acetamide (MBA)

L2 = N-[1-Morpholino-(3-methoxy,4-hydroxy)benzyl]Benzamide (MBB)

L3 = N-[1-Morpholino-(3-methoxy,4-hydroxy)benzyl]Urea (MBU)

L’ Ligand is a 1,10-phenanthroline.

These complexes were prepared from the direct reaction of the metal (II) chloride, mannich bases (MBA, MBB, MBU) and diamine ligand namely with mole ration (2:1:1) of L:M:L’ categories of complexes were synthesis is mononuclear complexes of formula:

[M(L)2(L’)].nH2O where

M = Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II).

L = Mannich base (MBA, MBB, MBU).

L’ = 1,10-phenanthroline.

The structure of each complex was characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Visible), molar conductivity, elemental analysis (C.H.N) and atomic absorption techniques as well as magnetic data. The completion of the reaction checked by using TLC. The mannich bases (L) and diamine ligands coordinated to the metal ion as bidentated ligands through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group of amide, nitrogen atom of morpholine and two nitrogen atoms of diamine ligand. The following geometrical with all metal ions showed octahedral geometry. Antibacterial activity of the ligand and its complexes was tested against some select bacterial.
Characterization and Fabrication of nanowires as a photoanode electrode for DSSC
Authors: Haran Noura H , Yousif Qahtan A
Published: October 2019

In this paper enhance the improved efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell by the development of a TiO2 nanowires photoanode electrode and the counter electrode as a conductive polymer PEDOT: PSS / MWCNT nanocomposite. The photoanode electrode characterized by FESEM, XRD, DRS, TEM, BET-BJH and Ramman spectroscopy. The performance of DSSC has been achieved by using N3 with estimation the full photovoltaic parameters, the dye-sensitized solar cell demonstrated an open circuit voltage of 0.303 V and the fill factor 0.62 under the one sunlight irradiation.
Effect of Eating Habits on Obesity among Sample of University Students in Baghdad City, Iraq
Authors: Alazawii Luma H , Hamood Wissam T
Published: October 2019

Iraq experienced rapid socio-cultural changes that were associated major in food and eating habits. Change in eating practice and life style is viewed as fundamental factors of several diets –related disease. The purposes of present study was to depict the dietary and lifestyle habits among the students of medical health college in Baghdad city of Iraq by cross- sectional study which done between male and female of students with sample size about 250 subjects(50% male and 50% female) their age ranged between (18-25) years. The results of present study appear that skipping breakfast more likely in males( 30.8%) compared to females (26%) and youth males are more impressed to eat fast food and take fast food than females although females prefer to take vegetable and fruits daily to have balanced food as well as low percentage of students 13.2 % (8.4% males and 4.8% females ) participating in sport and physical activity low percentage of students 2% suffered from obese compared to high percentage 20.4% of students suffered from overweight. It seems that the students of medical health have more knowledge about the efforts of eating habits and lifestyle on the health and have acceptable level of attitude on health and their appearances.
Isolation and diagnosis of fungi caused the rotting of local and imported Apples in the local markets of Al- Diwaniya city in Iraq
Authors: Kadhim Al-Ziadi Saba abdulameer , Mahmood Hussein R. , Yas Lahmood Walaa
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to estimate the percentage of damage caused by local and imported apple fruits caused by fungal infections in the markets of AL-Diwaniyah city, where the fungi that caused the rotting of apple fruits were isolated and identified. The results showed that the fungi Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma harizanum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporium, and Alternaria alternata are responsible for rotting apples. The results of isolating explained that the fungus Penicillium was most frequent in rotting fruits followed by the fungus Aspergillus terreus followed by Trichoderma harizanum, while the lowest frequent fungus is Alternaria alternata
The prevalence of intestinal parasite among the attending peoples to Al-Hashimyah hospitals for seven years, Babylon province, Iraq.
Authors: Al-Taei Alaa hamady obeid
Published: October 2019

This study was managed and done from June 2018 to September 2018 to investigate the prevalence of parasites (protozoan and helminths) infection for seven years ago which was began from 2011-2017. A total of 2877 samples were scored in peoples that attending the Al-Hashimyah hospitals, from the working papers of laboratory management of Al-Hashimyah hospitals, Babylon province / Iraq, among the ages from less than one year for more than 71 years old. The study reveals the rate of infection with pathogenic parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Trichomonas hominis and Enterobius vermicularis) were (88.00%, 10.80%, 0.76%, 0.38% and 0.03%, respectively). The percentage of infection in both gender male and female were 56.96 % and 43.03 %, respectively). The highest ratio of infection was found in the2016and 2014 year which (16.89%and 16.47 %, respectively), while in the2013year scored the lowest ratio of infection (11.33%). The largest percent of infection reported in the (1-10) age group which was(44.35%)compare with(1.45%) percent of infection that scored in (>71) age group. The highest ratio of infection was reported in the protozoa which was (99.2%) more than in helminths which have the lowest ratio of infection in this study(0.79%).The single infection has the largest ratio of infection(99.51%) compare with doubled infection (0.47%), all of these results with significance differences.
Pathological Study of Experimental Glyphosate Toxicity in Mosquito Fish Gambusia affinis
Authors: Al-Kawaz Jenan M
Published: October 2019

The present study deals with the effect of herbicide glyphosate on mosquito fish Gambusia affinis. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of the mentioned pesticide, behavioral and histological effects of various concentrations of glyphosate on mosquito fish Gambusia affinis in the acute exposure (96) hours were investigated.There were behavioral changes on the exposed fishes represented by nervous symptoms, loss of equilibrium, increas in respiration rate, opening of mouth and histological changes were determined in gills after acute exposed such as hyperplasia, hemorrhage, aneurysms, separation of epithelial layer, clubbing with sickle lamellae, hypertrophy, destroyed and fusion of secondary lamellae.The liver tissues were showed that hypertrophy of nucleus and necrosis and degeneration and swelling of cells, increasing of size and bleeding and congestion of blood vessels and bilirubin pigment diffusing around bile duct, in kidney tissues there were necrosis and degeneration of epithelial cells of tubules, increasing of size of Bowman᾿ s capsule, congestion and atrophy and disappear of glomerulus, separation of tubules, increasing of size and congestion of blood vessels, bleeding between tubules and bilirubin pigment diffusing around blood vessels.
Use of alhagi roots extract as new alternative source of nutrition Part II
Authors: Mahrath Alaa J , Mohammad Selman Selman , Sawadi Hammoud Samir
Published: October 2019

Background: It’s well known that worldwide popular explosion especially in the Arab World and deficiency in sources of nutrition especially in difficult conditions like natural disaster and wars. To overcome this problem we must find an alternative sources of nutrition that deals with it in this study. Objective: This application a trial to prove alternative nutrition for human in difficult conditions especially in natural disaster and wars. Material and Methods: This study included many stages:First stage: water extraction from Alhagi roots ( L J)plant and calculate their concentration. Second stage: determination the composition extract qualitatively like carbohydrate, protein, fats, minerals and vitamins by Biochemical methods. Third stage: Applied a specific dose extract to animal lab rodent (rats) though out three groups (fifteen rats were divided in to three groups, five rats for each group. 1st group (G1) feeds with extract only, 2nd group (G2) feeds with extract and ordinary rats food and 3rd group control group feeds with ordinary rats food only. All rats feeds for six weeks, and studies the psychological behaviors like general appearance, sensorimotor behavior immobility and its reflexes, locomotion, skilled movement, and species-specific behaviors. Fourth stage: hematological tests, random blood sugar, lipid profile, renal function test, liver function test and estimation of serum electrolytes. Final stage: histopathology tests for kidney, liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach and intestine.Results: We monitoring the amount of this extract (L J)that drinking by rats and found the rats in both groups satisfied this drinking and drink as increasing manners each week and weighting the rats weekly and found there are no significant differences in the mean of weights of rats among all groups and all rats were increase its weights progressively each week. All the physiological, biochemical, hematological and histological results showed within normal values with no any significant changes between controls and study groups.Conclusion: we can use (L J) extract as supplement and complement alternative food supply without any toxic effect.
Study of the effect of the phenolic extract of the Urtica dioica the level of Des-gamma-prothrombin after treatment with carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Jawad Murtadha M , Aldujaili Arshad N
Published: October 2019

The present study was conducted on 90 males of Wistar rat weightings (190-300 g), aged (15-17) weeks, at the animal house faculty of science / university of Kufa during the period from December 2016 to July 2017. This study included some physiological to evaluate the protective role of phenolic extract of Urtica dioica leaves (250 and 500 mg/kg ) against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. The animals experimetal are divided into 22 groups (n=5 rats per each group) for duration of two and three months. The results showed a significant increase (P⩽0.05) in serum levels of biomarker proteins (Des gamma carboxy prothrombin) in carbon tetrachloride groups as compared with the control group. A significant decrease (P⩽0.05) in the serum levels of biomarker proteins (Des gamma carboxy prothrombin) in groups treated with phenolic extract of Urtica dioica as compared with carbon tetrachloride group. The present study concluded that phenolic extract of Urtica dioica leaves had a protective effect on hepatotoxicity in carbon tetrachloride induced group.
Erythroferrone Hormone a Novel Biomarker is associated with Anemia and Iron Overload in Beta Thalassemia Patients.
Authors: Almousawi Atyaf S , Razzaq Sharba Intisar
Published: October 2019

Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by erythroblasts in response to erythropoietic activity by stimulation of erythropoietin that acts directly on the liver to inhibit production of hepcidin, lead to increases iron delivery for intensified activity of erythropoietic. Beta thalassemia are inherited disorders characterized by reduced or absent synthesis of beta globin chains in the hemoglobin (Hb) molecule1 The pathophysiology has been recognized by anemia and iron overload continually with resultant of frequented blood transfusions. We intend to investigate serum ERFE level and their associations with each other. Beta Thalassemia (BT) patients, who were inspected at thalassemia center in ALzahraà hospital teaching period transfusions blood (PTB) for each (14-30 day). Seventy patients were aged about (11-28 year) and 20 subjects healthy as control group, who matched were included in the study.Results.Serum ERFE levels were significantly higher in BT patients compared to control groups. There were significantly (p<0.05) differences in these biomarker between (BTM and BTI), (splenectomy and non splenectomy) groups. a negative correlation between ERFE levels with HB, PCV, MCV, MCH, Iron, and Ferritin while it was a not significant correlated with MCHC and PTB. High level of ERFE as new biomarker in patients with BTM and BTI is associated with mild or severe anemia and iron overload especially in patients with splenectomy.
Effect of Kidney Dialysis on Some Biochemical Variance
Authors: Aljebory Abdulhussien M K , Al-Salman Tamadhur J M , Wahhab Razooqi Alasedi Halla , Yaseen Ali Beyi Alyaa
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted in Merrjan hospital in Babylon city during the period from September 2017 to march 2018. The patients were diagnosed as having renal failure for both sex based on the history, clinical examination and taking renal function test and need to under gowning haemodialysis. The control groups were volunteers; they were collected from medical staff and relatives, who were free from signs and symptoms of renal disease, Fasting blood samples were taken from the patients (8-12) hours after night meal, the study shows the following results, a significant change in most biochemical variables and duration of dialysis
Comparative Study morphological and Molecular for infected Rodent with two cestoda Hymenolepis nana & H. diminuta In Al-Diwaniyah City, South Of Iraq
Authors: shubber Habeeb waseel kadhum , Nabeel Murtadha , Al-Tameemi Murtadha
Published: October 2019

The study aimed at comparing infection of Hymenolepis nana with that of H. diminuta during the study period from November 2016 to August 2017, A total of 220 rodents were identified including Mus musculus(89), Rattus norvegicus(37), R. rattus(48) & Swiss albino(46). Under anesthesia by chloroform, specimen were dissected, seeking parasitic helminths within digesting bowels. It was found that Mus musculus, Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Swiss Albino were infected by H. nana (4.4%, 4.1%, 8.1%, 13%) respectively, comparison with Mus musculus, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus were infected by H. diminuta (31.4%, 39.5%, 13.5%) respectively. Diagnosis is confirmed by using PCR technique for H. nana using ITS1 gene, and for H. diminuta using ITS2 gene. In addition to diagnosis is confirmed by using Gen Sequencer technique, through out the analyzing of phylogenetic tree leading to learn the extent of convergence between the local specimens and the global ones, the diagnosis of these helminthes by using this technique is considered the first in Iraq.
A Molecular and Histological study of Turkey birds infected with Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Al_Mashhadany Rana Imad , Hussein Prof.Dr.Adel Jabbar , Al-nusear Azal Naser Bader
Published: October 2019

Toxoplasma gondii parasite has three contagious stages: the oocytes, which is introduced into the external environment with the feces of the infected cats, which later form the spores. The current study depended on detection of T. gondii parasite used to Polymerase chain reaction, as well as the lack of time and effort required to perform them, the result of the test, 10 samples were selected for dissection and investigation of B1 (399bp) in their organs (liver, eye and intestine) using the normal polymerase chain reaction technique. There were (4) samples (40%) of the birds containing the tissues on the gene B1 (399bp) and recorded the highest incidence of the gene in the samples of the liver, where 30% (three samples) and one sample in the small intestine by 10% B1 in the eye samples, the results of the statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the ratio of TWA D gene B1 in the tissues of the bird members under the level of probability of P⩽0.05, In the study of histopathological changes in turkey birds members, the presence of Lesions lesions associated with infection in both the liver and the small intestine was characterized by the presence of congestion in the blood vessels, as well as the expansion of the jibaniat with the loss of the engineering structure of the liver. In the tissue with a degenerative degeneration.
Diagnosing the bioactive compounds in Iraqi garlic (Allium sativum) by GC-MS and HPLC
Authors: Hadi AI-Taai Iman , Falih Al-Fekaiki Dhia , Raheem Jamail M
Published: October 2019

This study including diagnosing the bioactive compounds releasing from an action of alliinase with alliin in the Iraqi garlic by GC-MS and HPLC technique. The bioactive compounds resulting from the garlic by GC-MS were heptane,2,4-dimethyl,cyclopropyl bromide, octane,5-ethyl-2-methyl, diallyl disulphide,trisulfide,di-2-propenyl,tetrasulfide,di-2-propenyl,3-vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-4-ene,3-vinyl-1,2 dithiacyclo hex-5-ene and eicosane at different percentages through periods of time ranged between 5-30 minutes when following its activity by GC-MS. The best time for an activity was found at 30 minutes. Diallyl disulphide was the highest percent of 51.92% and tetrasulfide, di-2-propenyl at percent of 19.49%, as well as standard allicin and prepared allicin that is the main product of the enzymatic decomposition was diagnosed by HPLC technique of Iraqi garlic at the same periods with high concentration 39.244%.
Biological control for crown and root rot disease of tomato caused by Drechslera halodes in Iraq
Authors: Hussein S , Al Zubaidi L
Published: October 2019

Isolation from infected Tomato’s plants has demonstrated the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera halodes (Dh) the causal agent of leaf spot, crown and root rot disease, samples were collected from three provinces in the middle and south of Iraq, Dh was predominant while appeared in 83.33% of the samples with frequency of 50.25%. Results of pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions indicated that all the isolates of Dh were pathogenic to tomato plants, the isolate Kkd-6 showed highly pathogenicity effect. Four isolates of beneficial free-living soil bacteria isolated from healthy tomato’s rhizosphere of Bacillus subtilis (Wb-12), B. subtilis (Kb-9), Enterococcus columbae (Bb-8) and Pseudomonas putida (Kb-18), were exhibited 100% antagonism efficiency against the pathogen on the potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions all the biocontrol agents were reduced significantly the percentage of disease incidence to 5-10% and severity of shoot and root system to 5.00-8.33%, 2.14-7.14% respectively compared to fungal treatments control which exhibited 100% disease incidence and severity of shoot and root system of 90.00%, 93.57% respectively. All the biocontrol agents promoted plant growth. This is first report of Drechslera leaf spot, crown and root rot disease of tomato in Iraq.
Investigation the impact of smoking on salivary pH and the reasons behind smoking
Authors: Dohan Challap Iqbal , Lafta Fadhel M , Ghaloub Al-Rekabi Abdul-Ameer N , Ahmed Fatima , Qasim Rehab
Published: October 2019

Tobacco smoking is affecting fundamental aspects of human health. This preliminary study was set to investigate the effect of tobacco smoking on the salivary pH. The saliva is an essential part of healthy oral cavity, it is mostly made of water and also contains other substances that your body needs to digest food and keep your teeth strong. Smoking is expected to have an effect on salivary pH. The salivary pH levels were measured using digital pH meter in 100 voluntary participants in Baghdad- Iraq. The participants were divided into two groups of 50 subjects in each group: smokers and non-smokers. Along with that, the reasons behind tobacco smoking also were investigated in a separate group of 82 smokers using a prepared questioner for this purpose. The results showed decrease salivary pH average levels in the tobacco smokers compare to the non-smoker group (7.058 and 7.168 respectively), however, these differences did not reach the significant level. Regarding the investigation of the reasons behind tobacco smoking habit, seeking for fun, overcome psychiatric problem, anger, friendship, relieves stress and anxiety and work problems (((29 (35.4%), (28(34.1%), 27(32.9%), 22(26.8%), 22(26.8%), 21(25.6%) respectively, were on the top of the listed reasons for smoking tobacco cigarettes stated by the questioned participants. Participants who think that cigarettes could help to relieve boredom (age average 35.3 yrs (17-55 yrs) smoke the largest number of cigarettes (30(20-60) compare to those who smoke for other reasons.
The effects of Fusarium graminarum silver nanoparticles on leishmania tropica
Authors: Taher Mohammed Omar , Jamal Abdulkhaliq Roua , Taher Mohammed Sabaa
Published: October 2019

The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial activities of biosynthesis silver nanoparticles from Fusarium graminarum and to compare its efficacy with a pentostam drug against Leishmania Tropica.This nanaoparticles (20-40-80-100 μg/mL) was evaluated in vitro against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. tropica also measured the viability by use MTTassy. Its significantly ( < 0.05) inhibited the growth rate of promastigote the results showed decrease in number of parasite after 24hr was(1816.6,1300,541.6, ×104) cell\ml respectively, compared with pentostam and control was(1558.3 and 2441.6,308,3×104) cell\ml respectively. whereas after 48hr the number of parasite became(1583.3,1166.6,450,225×104) cell\ml respectively compared with pentostam and control was(1066.6 and 3166.6×104) cell\ml respectively, also observed (100 μg/mL)more effects on multiplication ofamastigote after 24hr become only 1.6parasite compared with pentostam and control was(3.3,7 parasites).The results of viability also revealed that the nanoparticles Cytotoxicty effect dependent on concentration and reduce to reach (23% ). Obtained findings also provide the scientific evidences that fungi could be used in the biosynthesis nanoparticles and treatment of CL.
Molecular Study and Phylogenetic Analysis of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERSCoV) in Camel and Human
Authors: Alsalihi Saba F , Abdelkadhim Jawad Alaa , Al-Rodhan Mohsen A
Published: October 2019

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERSCoV) have been reported in Arabian peninsula and sporadic cases in Europe and Asia. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic analysis of this virus in human and camel at the first time in Iraq. Two hundred samples were collected from camels and human who suffering from respiratory symptoms, these samples treated with RNA extraction kit then amplification the genetic material by PCR which give 5% positive results. The amplicon then sequenced, registration in gene bank of NCBI for getting accession numbers. The local strains give close relationship with neighbor countries as Saudi Arabia and Jordan strains when using MEGA analysis software.
The Impact of Six Decades of Trauma on the Health of Iraqi People
Authors: Jamil Hikmet J , Albahri Manhel R A , Al-Noor Nadia , Al Noor Taghreed , Hamdan Thamer
Published: October 2019

Over the course of six decades, Iraq exposed to many events that have affected the Iraqi people from the social, physical and mental aspects. In this study, two groups of people (2369), from Iraq (G1) and the Michigan, United States (U.S) of America (G2) selected to compare the prevalence rate and effects of trauma factors such as mental illness (anxiety, depression and PTS), somatic diseases (heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes), substances abuse (illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco), and chemicals pollution), and self-rated health among the two groups. The study results reveals a significant different between the two groups in the all indicators for trauma. The study conclude that Iraqi in U.S. (G2) suffer from factors completely differed from that Iraqi who are resident in Iraq (G1).
The Prevalence of PIK3CA Biomarker in Tumor Microenvironment of Human non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hosny Gihan , Talib Abid Ali , Tayel Hanan Y
Published: October 2019

Background. Phosphatidyl 3-kinases (PI3K) are a family of lipid kinases involved in many cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival, that can inhibit therapy profoundly. NSCLC accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancers and is further subtyped into adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Somatic oncogenic alterations can further molecularly subdivide these NSCLC subtypes. The general objective of the current work was to study the prevalence of PIK3CA expression and mutations in tumor microenvironment of human NSCLC. Materials and Methods. Thirty-three paraffin blocks were utilized from NSCLC archival cases for further investigations by using immunohistochemical staining and PCR/sequencing techniques for examination of PI3KCA cellular expression and detection of mutation in exons 9 and / or 20 of PI3KCA, respectively. Results. Immunohistochemical results showed that PIK3CA protein was localized in the cytoplasm of NSCLC as brown granules. The rating of scores of PIK3CA immunostaining of archived NSCLC revealed that twenty six cases (78.8%) showed positive immunohistochemical staining while seven cases (21.2%) showed negative immune staining. PCR/sequencing results of exon 9 revealed six substitution mutations and three indels (insertion / deletion) mutations were observed in the alignment. It was found that all the observed SNP positions were novel except 74681. The novelty of each observed SNP was detected using the NCBI SNP detector and it was found that all the observed SNP positions were novel except 7468. PCR/sequencing results of exon 20 revealed that the alignment results of all the patient samples for exon 20 revealed the presence of SNPs in variants no. 3, 5, and 7. All of these variations were only substitution mutations of this PCR amplicons. The exact position of each observed mutation was mentioned in the NCBI reference sequences. Conclusion. The data in hands shows that PIK3CA-mutated NSCLC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group. This holds true for the AD and SQCC subgroups and strongly suggests that PIKCA mutations do not define a distinct lung cancer subgroup amendable to specific therapy. Rather, these mutations seem to represent passenger mutations widely distributed among the other genetically defined subgroups. The status PIK3CA mutation may serve as a prognostic factor of poor survival.
Lab – Built semi- automated Stop – flow System for Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite in Different water Samples
Authors: Al-Sowdani K H , Al-Balaawi Mohammad Th. K.
Published: October 2019

A lab built semi-automated stopped-flow system was employed for spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in different water samples. The constructed system consists two microcontrollers (Arduinos) supplied with a home- made software programs. The first one was UNO type used to manipulates a home-made injection-pump stepper-motor type and to control the reaction-time in the flow cell. The other one was Mega type which was used as data-logger to record the results as stopped-flow peak by using Microsoft Excel 2010 program. The linearity was in the range (0.05 – 0.5) µg/ml with regression coefficient of 0.9960. The detection limit was 0.025 µg/ml and the samples can be analyzed at rate exceeding 45 samples/h. The concentration of nitrite in the different water samples were in the range (0.062 – 0.326 ) µg/ml.
Valuation of water quality for drinking and domestic purposes using WQI : Acase study for groundwater of Al-Gameaa and Al-Zeraee qaurters in Mosul city/Iraq.
Authors: Talat Reem A. , Al-Assaf Azhar Y.R. , Al-Saffawi Abdalaziz Y. T.
Published: October 2019

Abstrat. The current study aims to assess the groundwater quality of some area in the left side of Mosul city, the samples were collected randomly from 11 wells (five replicates from each well), to measure the physicochemical and bacteriological properties using weighted mathematical model (WQI). The results indicated that the studied groundwater were ranged from poor to unsuitable qualities for drinking and domistic purposes. This deterioration in water quality is due to as a result of the high levels of electrical conductivity, total hardness, sulfate ions, total number of bacteria and faecal coliform bacteria, which reached 3605 µS. Cm−1, (2760, 477) mg. l−1, 8.0 ×103 cell. ml−1 and 16< cell. 100ml−1 respictively.
Evaluation of Water quality in the Tigris River within Baghdad, Iraq using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
Authors: Ali Abed Salwan , Hussein Ewaid Salam , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: October 2019

This research concentrated on the Tigris River water quality monitoring information. Some multivariate statistical techniques were applied like basic Ingredient (PC) test, discriminant analysis (DA), multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) to evaluate important parameters affecting water quality during year 2017-2018. The study included 25 water quality parameters, viz., Temperature (T), Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Turbidity (Tur), Total Alkaline (TA), Full rigidity (TH), Calcium (Ca+2), Chloride (Cl-1), Magnesium (Mg+2), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sulfate (SO4-2), Total Solids (TS), Suspended Solids (SS), Iron (Fe+2), Fluoride (F-1), Aluminum (Al+3), Nitrite (NO2-1), Nitrate (NO3-1), Silica (SiO2), Phosphate (PO4-3), Ammonia (NH3), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sodium (Na+1), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Generally, all the parameters were within the standards except Tur, TA, Ca+2, EC, SO4-2. The levels of Tur and EC are of critical factors influence upon the Tigris water quality. The PCA identified six principal components responsible for 78.12% of the variation caused by the industrial, domestic, municipal and agricultural runoff pollution sources. DA results produced the eight parameters; T, BOD5, EC, Mg+2, DO, Tur, Na+1, and COD as the most significant parameters differentiating the two parts of the year (the cold and warm seasons). The result of MLRA showed that BOD5, Na+1, T, DO, and PO4-3 are the important dependable factors for predicting the COD value as an indicator of organic and nonorganic pollution. This research demonstrated success importance utilizing Multivariate statistical methods like valuable instrument of administration, control, and preserve the water of the river.