bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ten-year global monthly averaged terrestrial NEE inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021)
Authors: Jiang Fei , Ju Weimin , He Wei , Wu Mousong , Wang Hengmao , Wang Jun , Jia Mengwei , Feng Shuzhuang , Zhang Lingyu , Chen Jing M.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. A global gridded Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of CO2 dataset is vital in global and regional carbon cycle studies. Top-down atmospheric inversion is one of the major methods to estimate the global NEE, however, the existing global NEE datasets generated through inversion from conventional CO2 observations have large uncertainties in places where observational data are sparse. Here, by assimilating the GOSAT ACOS v9 XCO2 product, we generate a ten-year (2010–2019) global monthly terrestrial NEE dataset using the Global Carbon Assimilation System, version 2 (GCASv2), which is named as GCAS2021. It includes gridded (1° × 1°), globally, latitudinally, and regionally aggregated prior and posterior NEE and ocean (OCN) fluxes, and prescribed wildfire (FIRE) and fossil fuel and cement (FFC) carbon emissions. Globally, the decadal mean NEE is −3.73 ± 0.52 PgC yr−1, with interannual amplitude of 2.73 PgC yr−1. Combining the OCN flux, and FIRE and FFC emissions, the net biosphere flux (NBE) and atmospheric growth rate (AGR) as well as their inter-annual variabilities (IAVs) agree well with the estimates of Global Carbon Budget 2020. Regionally, our dateset shows that eastern North America, Amazon, Congo Basin, Europe, boreal forests, southern China and Southeast Asia are carbon sinks, while western US, African grasslands, Brazilian plateaus and parts of South Asia are carbon sources. In the TRANSCOM land regions, the NBEs of temperate N. America, northern Africa and boreal Asia are between the estimates of CMS-Flux NBE 2020 and CT2019B, and those in temperate Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia are consistent with CMS-Flux NBE 2020 but significantly different from CT2019B. In the RECCAP2 regions, except for Africa and South Asia, the NBEs are comparable with the latest bottom-up estimate of Ciais et al. (2021). Compared with previous studies, the IAVs and seasonal cycles of NEE of this dataset could clearly reflect the impacts of extreme climates and large-scale climate anomalies on the carbon flux. The evaluations also show that the posterior CO2 concentrations at remote sites and in regional scale, as well as on vertical CO2 profiles in the Asia-Pacific region and the Amazon basin, are all consistent with independent CO2 measurements from surface flask and aircraft CO2 observations, indicating that this dataset captures surface carbon fluxes well. We believe that this dataset will contribute to regional or national-scale carbon cycle and carbon neutrality assessment, and carbon dynamics research. The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5829774 (Jiang, 2022).
Methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and isotopic ratios of methane observations from the Permian Basin tower network
Authors: Monteiro Vanessa C. , Miles Natasha L. , Richardson Scott J. , Barkley Zachary , Haupt Bernd J. , Lyon David , Hmiel Benjamin , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We describe the instrumentation, calibration, and uncertainty of the network of ground-based, in situ, cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements deployed in the Permian basin. The primary goal of the network is to be used in conjunction with atmospheric transport modeling to determine methane emissions of the Delaware sub-basin of the Permian Basin oil and natural gas extraction area in Texas and New Mexico. Four of the measurements are based on tall communications towers, while one is on a building on a mountain ridge, with the recent addition of a small tower at that site. Although methane (CH4) is the primary specie of interest, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and the isotopic ratio of methane (δ13CH4) are also reported for a subset of the sites. Measurements were reported following WMO X2004A scale for CH4, and the WMO X2019 scale for CO2. CRDS instruments were calibrated for CH4 and CO2 in laboratory prior deployment. For H2S, data was offset-corrected using the minimum 40-min running mean value of the day, and for δ13CH4, calibrations were based on laboratory data. We describe the characteristics of the data set with a set of illustrative analyses. Methane and carbon dioxide showed strong seasonality, with a well-defined diurnal cycle during the summer, which was opposed to the winter, when a diurnal cycle was absent. CH4 enhancements to the background, during the winter, are up to twice the summer values, which is attributed to the changes in boundary layer depth and wind speed. The largest CH4 enhancements occurred when winds blow from the center of the Delaware sub-basin, where most of the methane emissions come from. The magnitude of enhancements of CO2 did not present seasonality. H2S enhancements indicated a potential source northeast of the tower where the inlet is installed. Isotopic ratios of methane indicated that oil and natural gas extraction is the source of local methane in the region. The hourly-averaged data, starting on 1 March 2020 and described in this paper, are archived at The Pennsylvania State University Data Commons at https://doi.org/10.26208/98y5-t941 (Monteiro et al., 2021).
The CISE-LOCEAN sea water isotopic database (1998–2021)
Authors: Reverdin Gilles , Waelbroeck Claire , Pierre Catherine , Akhoudas Camille , Aloisi Giovanni , Benetti Marion , Bourlès Bernard , Danielsen Magnus , Demange Jérôme , Diverrès Denis , Gascard Jean-Claude , Houssais Marie-Noëlle , Le Goff Hervé , Lherminier Pascale , Lo Monaco Claire , Mercier Herlé , Metzl Nicolas , Morisset Simon , Naamar Aïcha , Reynaud Thierry , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Thierry Virginie , Hartman Susan E. , Mawji Edward M. , Olafsdottir Solveig , Kanzow Torsten , Voelker Antje , Yashayaev Igor
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The characteristics of the CISE-LOCEAN sea water isotope data set (δ18O, δ2H, later designed as δD) are presented. This data set covers the time period from 1998 to 2021 and currently includes close to 8000 data entries, all with δ18O, three quarters of them also with δD, associated with a time and space stamp and usually a salinity measurement. Until 2010, samples were analysed by isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, and since then mostly by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Instrumental uncertainty on individual data in this dataset is usually with a standard deviation as low as 0.03 / 0.15 ‰ for δ18O and δD. An additional uncertainty is related to uncertain isotopic composition of the in-house standards that are used to convert daily data into the VSMOW scale. Different comparisons suggest that since 2010 the latter have remained within at most 0.03 / 0.20 ‰ for δ18O and δD. Therefore, combining the two suggests a standard deviation of at most 0.05 / 0.25 ‰ for δ18O / δD. Finally, for some samples, we find that there has been evaporation during collection and storage, requiring adjustment of the isotopic data produced by CRDS, based on d-excess. This adds an uncertainty on the adjusted data of roughly 0.05 / 0.10 ‰ on δ18O and δD. This issue of conservation of samples is certainly a strong source of quality loss for parts of the database, and ‘small’ effects may have remained undetected. The internal consistency of the database can be tested for subsets of the dataset, when time series can be obtained (such as in the southern Indian Ocean or North Atlantic subpolar gyre). These comparisons suggest that the overall uncertainty of the spatially (for a cruise) or temporally (over a year) averaged data is on the order of or less than 0.03 / 0.15 ‰ for δ18O / δD. On the other hand, 17 comparisons with duplicate sea water data analysed in other laboratories or with other data sets in deep regions suggest a larger scatter. When averaging the 17 comparisons done for δ18O, we find a difference close to the adjustment applied at LOCEAN to convert salty water data from the activity to the concentration scale. Such a difference is expected, but the scatter found suggests that care is needed when merging datasets from different laboratories. Examples of time series in the surface North Atlantic subpolar gyre illustrate the temporal changes in water isotope composition that can be detected with a carefully validated dataset.
Delimiting rockfall runout zones using reach probability values simulated with a Monte-Carlo based 3D trajectory model
Authors: Dorren Luuk , Berger Frédéric , Bourrier Franck , Eckert Nicolas , Saroglou Charalampos , Schwarz Massimiliano , Stoffel Markus , Trappmann Daniel , Utelli Hans-Heini , Moos Christine
Published: February 2022

Abstract. At present, a quantitative basis for delimiting realistic rockfall runout zones on the basis of trajectory simulation data is generally missing. The objective of this study is to come up with standardized reach probability threshold values (RPTV) to separate "realistic" from "unrealistic" simulated rockfall runouts. We therefore compared reach probability values (Preach) simulated with Rockyfor3D for 458 mapped, fresh rockfall blocks (silent witnesses SW) on 18 different sites with a volume >= 0.05 m3 and estimated occurrence frequencies up to 300 years. We analysed which block, slope and forest characteristics influenced Preach of the SW based on a linear mixed effects model. The results indicate that the limit of a realistic runout zone lies in the range where simulated Preach values are between > 1 % and approximately 3 %. We conclude that RPTV can be defined to values lying in the range from 1.2 % to 2.5 % depending on the defined block volume and the encountered cumulative basal area in a forested transit zone. Where possible, the defined RPTV should be compared and validated by field recordings of SW.
ProbFire: a probabilistic fire early warning system for Indonesia
Authors: Nikonovas Tadas , Spessa Allan , Doerr Stefan H. , Clay Gareth D. , Mezbahuddin Symon
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Recurrent extreme landscape fire episodes associated with
drought events in Indonesia pose severe environmental, societal and economic
threats. The ability to predict severe fire episodes months in advance would
enable relevant agencies and communities to more effectively initiate fire-preventative measures and mitigate fire impacts. While dynamic seasonal
climate predictions are increasingly skilful at predicting fire-favourable
conditions months in advance in Indonesia, there is little evidence that
such information is widely used yet by decision makers. In this study, we move beyond forecasting fire risk based on drought
predictions at seasonal timescales and (i) develop a probabilistic early
fire warning system for Indonesia (ProbFire) based on a multilayer perceptron
model using ECMWF SEAS5 (fifth-generation seasonal forecasting system) dynamic climate forecasts together with forest
cover, peatland extent and active-fire datasets that can be operated on a
standard computer; (ii) benchmark the performance of this new system for the
2002–2019 period; and (iii) evaluate the potential economic benefit of such integrated forecasts for Indonesia. ProbFire's event probability predictions outperformed climatology-only based
fire predictions at 2- to 4-month lead times in south Kalimantan, south
Sumatra and south Papua. In central Sumatra, an improvement was observed
only at a 0-month lead time, while in west Kalimantan seasonal predictions did
not offer any additional benefit over climatology-only-based predictions. We
(i) find that seasonal climate forecasts coupled with the fire probability
prediction model confer substantial benefits to a wide range of stakeholders
involved in fire management in Indonesia and (ii) provide a blueprint for
future operational fire warning systems that integrate climate predictions
with non-climate features.
Relating snowfall observations to Greenland ice sheet mass changes: an atmospheric circulation perspective
Authors: Gallagher Michael R. , Shupe Matthew D. , Chepfer Hélène , L'Ecuyer Tristan
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Snowfall is the major source of mass for the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) but the spatial and temporal
variability of snowfall and the connections between snowfall and mass balance have so far been inadequately
quantified. By characterizing local atmospheric circulation and utilizing CloudSat spaceborne radar
observations of snowfall, we provide a detailed spatial analysis of snowfall variability and its relationship
to Greenland mass balance, presenting first-of-their-kind maps of daily spatial variability in snowfall
from observations across Greenland. For identified regional atmospheric circulation patterns, we show that the
spatial distribution and net mass input of snowfall vary significantly with the position and strength of
surface cyclones. Cyclones west of Greenland driving southerly flow contribute significantly more snowfall than
any other circulation regime, with each daily occurrence of the most extreme southerly circulation pattern
contributing an average of 1.66 Gt of snow to the Greenland ice sheet. While cyclones east of Greenland,
patterns with the least snowfall, contribute as little as 0.58 Gt each day. Above 2 km on the ice sheet where
snowfall is inconsistent, extreme southerly patterns are the most significant mass contributors, with up to
1.20 Gt of snowfall above this elevation. This analysis demonstrates that snowfall over the interior of
Greenland varies by up to a factor of 5 depending on regional circulation conditions. Using independent
observations of mass changes made by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), we verify that the
largest mass increases are tied to the southerly regime with cyclones west of Greenland. For occurrences of the
strongest southerly pattern, GRACE indicates a net mass increase of 1.29 Gt in the ice sheet accumulation zone
(above 2 km elevation) compared to the 1.20 Gt of snowfall observed by CloudSat. This overall agreement
suggests that the analytical approach presented here can be used to directly quantify snowfall mass
contributions and their most significant drivers spatially across the GrIS. While previous research has
implicated this same southerly regime in ablation processes during summer, this paper shows that ablation mass
loss in this circulation regime is nearly an order of magnitude larger than the mass gain from associated
snowfall. For daily occurrences of the southerly circulation regime, a mass loss of approximately 11 Gt is
observed across the ice sheet despite snowfall mass input exceeding 1 Gt. By analyzing the spatial
variability of snowfall and mass changes, this research provides new insight into connections between regional
atmospheric circulation and GrIS mass balance.
Large-eddy Simulation of a Wind-turbine Array subjected to Active Yaw Control
Authors: Lin Mou , Porté-Agel Fernando
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This study validates the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique for the prediction of the flow through a wind turbine array subjected to active yaw control. The wind turbine array consists of three miniature wind turbines operated in both non-yawed and yawed configurations under full-wake and partial-wake conditions, for which wind tunnel flow measurements are available. The turbine-induced forces are parametrised by three different models: the standard actuator disk model (ADM-std), the blade element actuator disk model (ADM-BE), also referred to as the rotational actuator disk model (ADM-R), and the actuator line model (ALM). The time-averaged turbine power outputs and the profiles of the wake flow statistics (normalised streamwise mean velocity and streamwise turbulence intensity) obtained from the simulations using the ADM-std, the ADM-BE and the ALM are compared with experimental results. We find that simulations using the ADM-BE and ALM yield flow statistics that are in good agreement with the wind-tunnel measurements for all the studied configurations. In contrast, the results from LES with the ADM-std show discrepancies with the measurements under yawed and/or partial-wake conditions. These errors are due to the fact that the ADM-std assumes a uniform thrust force, thus failing to capture the inherently non-uniform distribution of the turbine-induced forces under partial wake conditions. In terms of power prediction, we find that LES using the ADM-BE yields better power prediction than the ADM-std and the ALM in both non-yawed and yawed conditions. As a result, we conclude that LES using the ADM-BE provides a good balance of accuracy and computational cost for simulations of the flow through wind farms subjected to AYC.
Analisis Penghentian Rekrutmen Guru PNS
Authors: Setiawan Farid , Hermawati Adetiyah Syahputri , Nurfathonah Annisa Putri , Ma’ruf Husein
Published: February 2022

Mulai tahun 2021 pemerintah memberhentikan perekrutan Calon Pegawai Negri Sipil formasi Guru, dan digantikan dengan jalur Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan penghentian rekruitmen guru PNS tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kebijakan (policy research). Penelitian dilakukan melalui serangkaian aktivitas yang diawali dengan persiapan penelitian, pelaksanaan penelitian, dan diakhiri dengan penyusunan rekomendasi yang berorientasi aksi. Berdasarkan kajian alasan pemerintah mengenai Perekrutan CPNS menjadi PPPK didasarkan pada isi undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 2014 tentang ASN bahwa aparatur sipil negara itu terdiri dari pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) dan pegawai pemerintah dalam perjanjian kerja (PPPK), yang keduanya mempunyai kedudukan, tugas dan tanggung jawab yang sama dalam memberikan pelayanan publik yang baik kepada masyarakat. Dengan adanya pemberhentian ini, guru yang sudah berstatus PNS akan tetap dipertahankan hingga waktunya pensiun.
Leveraging Public Healthcare Dollars to Fund Critical Time Intervention: A Proposal for a Scalable Solution to Crisis Homelessness in the United States
Authors: Byrne Thomas , Culhane Dennis
Published: February 2022

Recent experience demonstrates that substantial progress in reducing homelessness is possible if resources are directed towards evidence-based, housing-focused solutions. However, the homeless assistance systems in most countries are not adequately resourced to assist persons experiencing “crisis homelessness,” who account for the majority of the homeless population. Thus, we present a policy proposal for leveraging an expansion of Critical Time Intervention (CTI), an evidence-based behavioral health intervention, as a scalable solution for crisis homelessness. We draw on the specific policy context of the United States in proposing the use of funds from Medicaid, the public health insurance program for low-income individuals, to finance such an expansion, but argue our broader policy proposal has salience internationally as well. In presenting our proposal, we discuss why it represents a sound and feasible policy idea, focusing on the alignment between CTI and a promising new programmatic approach known as rapid rehousing. We describe the potential benefits of enacting this proposal and conclude with discussing the United States-specific and more general challenges that would need to be addressed to implement it, including the need for additional resources to cover the costs of the temporary financial assistance component of rapid re-housing.
Pengaruh Implementasi Desa Wisata Kampung Flory Kabupaten Sleman Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat
Authors: Maghriza Anindya Sabila , Suswanta Suswanta
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to discuss and explain the effect of the implementation of Flory Village, Sleman Regency on people's income. Researchers used qualitative methods by analyzing the primary and secondary data obtained. The results in this study are the implementation of Kampung Flory in increasing people's incomes that can be measured from: 1) Communication in the form of information regarding the existence of tourist attractions in Kampung Flory, 2) Resources are important in implementation because they have an influence on the implementation of the programs contained in the policy, 3) The form of disposition in the form of providing tourist destinations by the manager is given to the people of Kampung Flory, 4) The bureaucratic structure of Flory Village, there is intervention from the assistants to support the development of Flory Village tourism, starting from the Village Government, Regency Government through the Tourism Office, Agriculture Service, and financial institutions such as Bank Indonesia and Bank BPD DIY, Village Implementation Flory as an independent tourist spot that is managed based on the ability of local resources by the surrounding community can be concluded that it has an influence on community income in the form of salaries and wages obtained by the community from the payment of Flory Village tourist retribution paid by visitors.Keywords: Community Income, Flory Village, Implementation
Assistive signals for deep neural network classifiers
Authors: Pestana Camilo , Glance David , Liu Wei , Owens Robyn , Mian Ajmal
Published: February 2022

Deep Neural Networks are brittle in that small changes in the input can drastically affect their prediction outcome and confidence. Consequently, research in this area mainly focus on adversarial attacks and defenses. In this paper, we take an alternative stance and introduce the concept of Assistive Signals, which are perturbations optimized to improve a model’s confidence score regardless if it’s under attack or not. We analyze some interesting properties of these assistive perturbations and extend the idea to optimize them in the 3D space simulating different lighting conditions and viewing angles. Experimental evaluations show that the assistive signals generated by our optimization method increase the accuracy and confidence of deep models more than those generated by conventional methods that work in the 2D space. ‘Assistive Signals’ also illustrate bias of ML models towards certain patterns in real-life objects.
High-level camera-LiDAR fusion for 3D object detection with machine learning
Authors: Salazar Gustavo , Saavedra Miguel , Romero Victor
Published: February 2022

This paper tackles the 3D object detection problem, which is of vital importance for applications such as autonomous driving. Our framework uses a Machine Learning (ML) pipeline on a combination of monocular camera and LiDAR data to detect vehicles in the surrounding 3D space of a moving platform. It uses frustum region proposals generated by State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) 2D object detectors to segment LiDAR point clouds into point clusters which represent potentially individual objects. We evaluate the performance of classical ML algorithms as part of an holistic pipeline for estimating the parameters of 3D bounding boxes which surround the vehicles around the moving platform. Our results demonstrate an efficient and accurate inference on a validation set, achieving an overall accuracy of 87.1%.
Generalizable Multi-Camera 3D Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Lima Joao , Roberto Rafael , Figueiredo Lucas , Magalhaes Francisco , Teichrieb Veronica
Published: February 2022

We present a multi-camera 3D pedestrian detection method that does not need to train using data from the target scene. We estimate pedestrian location on the ground plane using a novel heuristic based on human body poses and person’s bounding boxes from an off-the-shelf monocular detector. We then project these locations onto the world ground plane and fuse them with a new formulation of a clique cover problem. We also propose an optional step for exploiting pedestrian appearance during fusion by using a domain-generalizable person re identification model. We evaluated the proposed approach on the challenging WILDTRACK dataset. It obtained a MODA of 0.569 and an F-score of 0.78, superior to state-of-the-art generalizable detection techniques.
Filter Distribution Templates in Convolutional Networks for Image Classification Tasks
Authors: Izquierdo Ramon , Mayol-Cuevas Walterio
Published: February 2022

Neural network designers have reached progressive accuracy by increasing models depth, introducing new layer types and discovering new combinations of layers. A common element in many architectures is the distribution of the number of filters in each layer. Neural network models keep a pattern design of increasing filters in deeper layers such as those in LeNet, VGG, ResNet, MobileNet and even in automatic discovered architectures such as NASNet. It remains unknown if this pyramidal distribution of filters is the best for different tasks and constrains. In this work we present a series of modifications in the distribution of filters in three popular neural network models and their effects in accuracy and resource consumption. Results show that by applying this approach, some models improve up to 8.9% in accuracy showing reductions in parameters up to 54%.
MarkerPose: Robust Real-time Planar Target Tracking for Accurate Stereo Pose Estimation
Authors: Meza Jhacson , Romero Lenny , Marrugo Andres
Published: February 2022

Despite the attention marker-less pose estimation has attracted in recent years, marker-based approaches still provide unbeatable accuracy under controlled environmental conditions. Thus, they are used in many fields such as robotics or biomedical applications but are primarily implemented through classical approaches, which require lots of heuristics and parameter tuning for reliable performance under different environments. In this work, we propose MarkerPose, a robust, real-time pose estimation system based on a planar target of three circles and a stereo vision system. MarkerPose is meant for high-accuracy pose estimation applications. Our method consists of two deep neural networks for marker point detection. A SuperPoint-like network for pixel-level accuracy keypoint localization and classification, and we introduce EllipSegNet, a lightweight ellipse segmentation network for sub-pixel-level accuracy keypoint detection. The marker’s pose is estimated through stereo triangulation. The target point detection is robust to low lighting and motion blur conditions. We compared MarkerPose with a detection method based on classical computer vision techniques using a robotic arm for validation. The results show our method provides better accuracy than the classical technique. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of MarkerPose in a 3D freehand ultrasound system, which is an application where highly accurate pose estimation is required. Code is available in Python and C++ at https://github.com/jhacsonmeza/MarkerPose.
Compliance on Patient’s Admission Protocol of Birth Center Personnel in the 5th District of Camarines Sur, Philippines
Authors: Malabanan Leni
Published: February 2022

This study utilized the descriptive method of research. The researchers used the questionnaire checklist as the main data gathering tool. It was supplemented by an informal interview and records review to support the data gathered. To quantify and interpret the data, appropriate statistical tools was used such as percentage technique and weighted mean. The main goal of this research is to assess the level of compliance on patients’s admission protocol of birth center personnel in the 5th District of camarines Sur, Philippines.. Results of the study showed majority of the Respondents are Single, from 21-30 years old, on a job order/contractual employment status, Roman Catholic and College graduate. Further, data shows that birth center personnel are moderately complied on the indicators under Admission but complied on the indicators under Active Labor, Fully Dilated and Effaced Stage, Postpartum and Newborn Care, And on Referral. In addition, there are some factors that greatly affect the compliance of birthing facility personnel on Admission Protocol. Three top most factors that affects the compliance of birthing facility personnel on admission protocol are financial stability of the patient, transportation resources, and the distance of the hospital from the birthing facility. And lastly, the proposed plan would help strengthen the compliance of the birthing facility personnel on admission protocol. The proposed plan was formulated taking into account the results on the compliance and factors affecting the compliance of birthing facility personnel on admission protocol.
Construction of inverse curves of general helices in the Sol space Sol³
Authors: Körpınar Talat
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study inverse curves of general helices in the Sol³. Finally, we find out explicit parametric equations of inverse curves in the Sol³.
Florea Uliu – a life dedicated to physic
Authors:   Techical College, Tirgu Jiu, Romania, Antonie Dumitru , Holban Ion ,   Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies "Dumitru Ghitu", Republic of Moldova
Published: February 2022

In this work, the life and the teaching and scientific activity of prof. Florea Uliu, distinguished Romanian physicist, university professor in Craiova, author of many works on optics in general and atmospheric optics in particular (rainbows, halos, glories, etc.), and on quantum mechanics is briefly presented. In 1990, 1997, 2003 and 2008 he was asked by the Nobel Committee for Physics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to make confidential nominations for the 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2009 winners of the prize. For more than three decades he has been involved at national level in the organisation and running of the Olympiads, actively participating in the preparation and selection of Romania's teams for the international competitions, and being a keen supporter of the competitions and the Olympiads in the field of physics in the Republic of Moldova. He was a devoted author and member of editorial boards of the magazines „Evrika!" (Braila), „Cygnus" (Suceava) and „Physics and Modern Technologies" (Chisinau).
John 3:5: Redefining the People of God
Authors: Foster Timothy D.
Published: February 2022

Jesus' demand that Nicodemus must be born again does not concern personal regeneration, rather it points to a shift in the locus of salvation from Israel to the Messiah in the coming age. The numerous references in the pericope to the exodus suggest that “born of water” alludes to the birth of Israel at the exodus. Jesus' demand to be born of water and spirit (v. 5) points to the inadequacy, in the coming age, of belonging to national Israel and the ensuing need for those born into Israel to now be born of spirit, or for Jews like Nicodemus to be “born again” (v. 3). This approach resolves several difficulties and the passage better fits the wider context.
A Case for the Authenticity of Luke 23:17
Authors: Judd Frank F.
Published: February 2022

Luke 23:17 is not included in modern Greek New Testaments and most modern translations. The external evidence is fairly equal for the inclusion and exclusion of the verse. The deciding factor is usually that P75 does not contain this verse. New evidence from a catena of Origen demonstrates the existence of a manuscript containing Luke 23:17 as early as P75. Some conclude that a scribe added this verse to harmonize Luke with other Gospel accounts. A closer examination of Luke 23:17, however, shows that it is not a scribal harmonization but is thoroughly Lukan. This study presents a case that Luke 23:17 is authentic and was omitted by a scribe who wanted to emphasize the demand of the Jewish crowd and leaders that Jesus be crucified.
The Unexpected Kinship of Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights
Authors: Barr Alan P.
Published: February 2022

Surprisingly unnoticed are the significant reverberations of Wuthering Heights that appear scattered across Great Expectations. Central to Dickens's art is his exuberant, capacious ability to absorb and refract his surroundings in his novels: the haunting locales, the evocative characters, taut situations, and poignant elements from his contemporary culture. Melded into the rich broth of Great Expectations is a string of parallels with Wuthering Heights. They include the looming presence of the houses, the alienated, orphaned protagonists, and numerous verbal echoes. There is no evidence that Dickens incorporated these parallels consciously, but they are there and they are effective. Buildings, terrains, figures, situations, and expressions in the later novel that recall elements in Brontë's world can function quite differently relocated. The echoes embedded in Great Expectations are entirely unobtrusive; their effect is enriching, that of a highly original, imaginative novelist, adding texture and even irony to his art—perhaps less anxious about the influence than benefitting from it.
Regulating Alcohol Consumption and Structuring Life in Dickens's Our Mutual Friend
Authors: Graber Darin
Published: February 2022

In Our Mutual Friend, Charles Dickens paints a complicated portrait of alcohol consumption that resists following any one vein of contemporary sociological, medical, or religious writing about alcohol. Instead, he senses the roles of economy and geography in the circulation of alcohol through individuals and city alike and structures the narrative as an investigation of the possible outcomes of differing efforts to regulate that movement. Within this physical and economic landscape, Dickens creates two competing examples of working-class and abject poor drinking economies. In one, Miss Potterson maintains strict control over her tavern, The Six Jolly Fellowship-Porters, which she operates as a small-scale, moralized yet dictatorial economy that provides orderly community and relative healthfulness. In the second, metropolitan disciplinary administration oversees the citywide drinking economy, in which Jenny Wren's father drinks himself to death. Ultimately, Our Mutual Friend refrains from fully endorsing one model of alcohol regulation as a metropolitan or national solution, illuminating the failures of large-scale, sanitary-disciplinary efforts while also implying that Miss Potterson's more effective, small-scale, moralized economy relies upon her autocratic control of an idiosyncratic space—and therefore could (or should) not apply to the whole city of London.
Can Extreme Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa be Eliminated by 2030?
Authors: Bicaba Zorobabel , Brixiová Zuzana , Ncube Mthuli
Published: February 2022

Eradicating extreme poverty for all people everywhere by 2030 is the first goal among the UN Sustainable Development Goals that guide the current development agenda. This paper examines its feasibility for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the world's poorest but growing region. It finds that under plausible assumptions extreme poverty will not be eradicated in SSA by 2030, but it can be reduced to low levels through high growth and income redistribution towards the poor segments of the society. National and regional policies should aim at structural transformation and industrialization that would make their growth paths more inclusive and ‘green’. International organizations, including informal ones such as the G20, can play a critical role in this endeavor by encouraging policy coordination and coherence. Further, African countries will need a greater scope for bringing their perspectives into global economic debates on issues impacting sustainable development on the continent.
Prenatal Care and Infant Health in Senegal
Authors: Dramani Latif , Laye Oumy
Published: February 2022

The paper examines birth weight and its correlates in Senegal using data from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 1997. The Heckit and control function methods are applied on data from this survey to measure effects of maternal immunization against tetanus on birth weight. The results show that immunization is positively correlated with birth weight and that younger mothers have heavier babies than their older counterparts. Moreover, demand for vaccination against tetanus increases with household income and with maternal age and education. This demand pattern varies substantially between rural and urban areas.
Maternal Immunization and Birth Weight in Cameroon
Authors: Tambi Mbu Daniel , Atemnkeng Johannes Tabi
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the effects of mother's immunization against tetanus on child health in Cameroon using data from demographic and surveys for 2004 and 2011, enriched with data from the Ministry of Agriculture for the same periods. The results show that maternal immunization during pregnancy is associated with a large increase in birth weight nationally as well as in rural and urban areas. Further, child health correlates positively with the economic wellbeing of the household. Other variables that are significantly associated with birth weight include mother's age, father's education, a twin birth, and a child's gender. These finding can help design policies to improve child health in Cameroon.
Lou Martyn, Paul, and Judaism
Authors: Marcus Joel
Published: February 2022

J. Louis Martyn was not anti-Judaic but a lover of Jews and Judaism. But his passion for Paul, especially for Galatians, transcended his love for Judaism and may have caused him to downplay some of the difficulties in that letter. This article focuses on Martyn’s exegesis of the Sarah/Hagar allegory in Gal 4:21–5:1, which interprets the opposition not as Christianity versus Judaism but as the Torah-free Christian mission to Gentiles versus the Torah-observant mission—an interpretation that this article finds indefensible. The article concludes with some reflections on Martyn’s attitude toward Rom 9–11.
The Legacy of J. Louis Martyn: Questions of Agency
Authors: Eastman Susan
Published: February 2022

Within an apocalyptic worldview characterized by an absolute division between divine and human agency, are human beings mere puppets in the larger drama of the cosmic conflict between God’s liberating gospel and the powers of sin and death? Although this may seem to follow from some of the significant contributions made by J. Louis Martyn to the field of Pauline studies, it is a conclusion that Martyn himself consistently rejected. Thus, as we ponder the legacy of J. Louis Martyn in regard to matters of divine and human agency, we need to disentangle what is at stake in the relationship between the two, particularly in regard to the divine source of transforming power and the realm or arena in which this power is enacted.
Scriptural Echoes and Gospel Interpretation: Some Questions
Authors: Moberly R. W. L.
Published: February 2022

This essay raises questions about Richard Hays's book in three main areas. First, there is a discussion of the possible limits to metalepsis, and when it may be appropriate to decline to find metalepsis in a biblical citation. Second, there are questions about the nature of readers and reading in relation to appropriating some of Hays's proposals. Third, something is said about the respective roles of historical and figural ways of reading the OT, and questions are asked about the bearing of the conceptuality of OT prophecy on the Gospel depictions of Jesus.
Continuing to Read Scripture with the Evangelists: A Response
Authors: Hays Richard B.
Published: February 2022

This essay offers a reply from Richard Hays to five reviews of Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels; the reviewers were Walter Moberly, Richard Bauckham, Marianne Meye Thompson, N. T. Wright, and David Ford. Hays's reply addresses questions of methodology and the limits of metalepsis. It also takes up larger theological questions about divine identity Christology and the appropriate hermeneutical approach to the canonical Gospels. A final section briefly identifies several important issues unresolved in the present critical exchange.
Of Bottles and Wells: Hagar's Christian Legacy
Authors: Saner Andrea D.
Published: February 2022

What place should Hagar have in Christian theology? On one hand, she is the first person in Scripture to whom an angel of the Lord appears; she even names the “God of Seeing” who meets her (Gen 16:13). On the other hand, Hagar is a symbol of the law that leads to slavery, and those who live in the freedom of Christ should cast her out (Gal 4:29). I argue that Christians should conceive of Hagar's place in theology in relation to Christ and through spiritual reading of the Hagar narratives in Genesis. Literary correspondence between the narratives in Gen 16:1–16 and 21:8–21 and accounts of the exodus suggests that God's heeding of Hagar in the midst of her affliction anticipates God's deliverance of the Israelites and of the world in Christ. As Paul describes the Israelites as having drunk from Christ in the wilderness, and receiving baptism in crossing the sea (1 Cor 10:1–4), so Hagar also experienced Christ in the wilderness. Thus, Christian spiritual reading may cast Hagar out of the church, insofar as she represents merely human effort devoid of the Holy Spirit, but it may also view her as a positive example of transformation in Christ by the Spirit.
Christ or Adam: The Ground for Understanding Humanity
Authors: Maston Jason
Published: February 2022

A common axiom of theological anthropology is that Jesus Christ is the revelation of true humanity and the ground for understanding humanity in general. This claim, however, is never stated outright in Scripture and arguably runs counter to the biblical narrative since the scriptural story begins with Adam and seems to present Adam as the model for humanity. In this study, I will argue that one does find in Paul a theological anthropology that begins with Christ, not Adam, or the Genesis creation narratives. This thesis will be demonstrated by tracing how Paul contrasts Adam and Christ and his discussion of who is the image of God.
Fact vs. Fancy in Hawthorne's “Old News I”: The Boston Newspapers of 1739
Authors: Berson Joel
Published: February 2022

“Fact vs. Fancy” details the extent of Nathaniel Hawthorne's use of four specific newspapers from 1739—the Boston Weekly News-Letter, the Boston Gazette, the New England Weekly Journal, and the Boston Evening-Post—as source material for his sketch “Old News I.” Demonstrating the care with which Hawthorne drew from the papers, the essay also proposes a likely timeline for the composition of “Old News I,” sets it within the context of Hawthorne's early experimentation with forms and sources, and argues that it likely began as a part of Hawthorne's Provincial Tales project.
Fourierism and Nervous Sympathy inThe Blithedale Romance
Authors: Doty Benjamin Joshua
Published: February 2022

This article argues that The Blithedale Romance portrays Charles Fourier's theory of the affections as unable to account for the depth and unpredictability of emotion. Contravening Fourier's theory of the affections as permanent and stable within individuals, the novel draws on the language of nervous sympathy to depict individuals' emotions as comparatively impermanent, fluid, and resistant to the sort of affective management that lies at the heart of the Fourierist enterprise. In doing so, Blithedale stages an encounter between Fourier's dreams of a planned community and contemporary physiologists' sense that communities arise organically from individuals' sympathetic bonds. Attending to this encounter yields a new perspective on both Hawthorne's relationship with contemporary science and Fourierism's role in The Blithedale Romance.
Nancy Dawson, Her Hornpipe and Her Posthumous Reputation
Authors: Baldwin Olive , Wilson Thelma
Published: February 2022

Nancy Dawson was famous for dancing the hornpipe during her short career on the London stage (1756-63). The tune to which she danced was quickly named after her and became popular as a ballad tune. After her death, “Nancy Dawson” was used as a name for race horses and boats and the tune took on a life of its own, while the dancer was forgotten. During her stage career she had been slandered in so-called Genuine Memoirs (quickly pirated as Authentic Memoirs) and attacked in satires over her liaison with the comic actor Edward Shuter. However, the tune’s popularity with sailors and a set of bawdy words made to it in the early nineteenth century led to her acquiring a reputation of being little more than a common prostitute. This paper attempts to sift fact from fiction about her life and character and considers errors and omissions in her entries in the Biography Dictionary of Actors and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
“Is this my native country?”: Reviving Elizabeth Inchbald’s Every One Has His Fault in Postcolonial Philadelphia
Authors: MacDonald Jennie
Published: February 2022

This paper considers the socio-political implication of two productions of Elizabeth Inchbald’s tragic-comedy Every One Has His Fault. First produced at Covent Garden in 1793, the play reflects London back to itself in ways that question the moral fiber of “this civilized city.” The play was offered in postcolonial America a year later, in the wake of a devastating influx of yellow fever and for the patriotic cause of relieving and redeeming American citizens suffering as captives in Algiers. Under such circumstances, politically charged elements of Every One Has His Fault took on more potent meaning.

Though Inchbald herself rejected the charge of sedition that her play prompted from conservative parties, Every One Has His Fault obtained a life of its own in post-revolutionary America, where a perspective emboldened by distance and independence could critique the land in which the play was born. This discussion of its afterlife in America highlights the play’s core values of moral attentiveness and governance, illuminates its latent radicalism, and recognizes the transformative power of a change in production venue from a theatre venerated in a land of oppression to one newly opened in the land of the free.
“Write as I bid you”: Eruptive Baroque Aesthetics in Wycherley’s The Country Wife
Authors: Best Royce
Published: February 2022

This article argues that J. Douglas Canfield’s idea that baroque characteristics “persisted” in neoclassical literature can do more than just mark moments of exuberant rhetoric and imagery in Restoration texts. Rather, combining scholarship on the baroque by Peter Davidson and Walter Benjamin with Restoration studies reveals that the baroque is an underappreciated feature of Restoration drama that erupts from its neoclassicism and emblematizes aristocratic ideology about the constructed social, economic, and political order of the Restoration. Taking stock of specific historical issues negotiated by Charles II’s regime, therefore, provides the inventory of meanings a baroque eruption signals. Mr. Pinchwife’s surprising and violent threat to his wife Margery in The Country Wife is the article’s primary example. Allusions to Shakespeare’s Othello and the Whore of Babylon from the book of Revelation are revealed to be couched in Pinchwife’s outburst; they demand an allegorical reading in light of contemporary ideology about noblemen and anti-Catholicism.
The Rivals: An Irish Expatriate Comedy
Authors: Evans James
Published: February 2022

In The Rivals Richard Brinsley Sheridan uses the allegorical possibilities of setting, character, and plot to represent the Irish expatriate’s crossing act. Bath is home to none of the characters, who, like immigrants on the move, occupy temporary residences and perform in a social milieu where they may refashion themselves and compel others to respond to their new scripts. Unlike the stage Irishman Sir Lucius O’Trigger, Jack Absolute and Bob Acres represent this crossing by assuming a different status or style. Acting as Beverley, a nobody rather than a gentleman, Jack performs the expatriate’s origin and his aspiration. His double Acres acts the macaroni in the town to compensate for his background. Drawing on the trickster of an earlier expatriate dramatist, Sheridan lets Jack succeed in the comedy that completed his own transition to a gentleman in London.