bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Generative Adversarial Network for Generating Multi-Scale Electronic Map Tiles Considering Cartographic Requirements
Authors: Zhu Wei , Guo Qingsheng , Yang Nai , Tong Ying , Zheng Chuanbang
Published: November 2024

Multi-scale electronic map tiles are important basic geographic information data, and an approach based on deep learning is being used to generate multi-scale map tiles. Although generative adversarial networks (GANs) have demonstrated great potential in single-scale electronic map tile generation, further research concerning multi-scale electronic map tile generation is needed to meet cartographic requirements. We designed a multi-scale electronic map tile generative adversarial network (MsM-GAN), which consisted of several GANs and could generate map tiles at different map scales sequentially. Road network data and building footprint data from OSM (Open Street Map) were used as auxiliary information to provide the MsM-GAN with cartographic knowledge about spatial shapes and spatial relationships when generating electronic map tiles from remote sensing images. The map objects which should be deleted or retained at the next map scale according to cartographic standards are encoded as auxiliary information in the MsM-GAN when generating electronic map tiles at smaller map scales. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency of the features learned by several GANs, the density maps constructed from specific map objects are used as global conditions in the MsM-GAN. A multi-scale map tile dataset was collected from MapWorld, and experiments on this dataset were conducted using the MsM-GAN. The results showed that compared to other image-to-image translation models (Pix2Pix and CycleGAN), the MsM-GAN shows average increases of 10.47% in PSNR and 9.92% in SSIM and has the minimum MSE values at all four map scales. The MsM-GAN also performs better in visual evaluation. In addition, several comparative experiments were completed to verify the effect of the proposed improvements.
Using Space Syntax and GIS to Determine Future Growth Routes of Cities: The Case of the Kyrenia White Zone
Authors: Doğu Cem , Atakara Cemil
Published: November 2024

Cities are in constant development, both structurally and demographically, necessitating careful planning to enhance their orderliness and livability. This research focuses on identifying development directions and routes for the Kyrenia White Zone, situated between the sea and the mountains in northern Cyprus, a significant tourist area. The rapid implementation of zoning laws over different periods has led to swift development and population growth, resulting in various infrastructure challenges, particularly related to transportation. The primary aim of this study is to assess the current infrastructure issues within the zone, understand user perceptions, and identify key factors influencing future growth. Based on the collected data, we propose an alternative growth area for the future development plan of the city. Additionally, this research seeks to explore irregular urban developments and make informed design decisions for their future. Utilizing Space Syntax and GIS as core methodologies, the study employs Space Syntax, a research method developed by Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson in the 1970s, to analyze human movement and perception. The existing map system of the Kyrenia White Zone was digitized, and essential geographical information was gathered. This data were analyzed using GIS and evaluated through the Space Syntax method. The analysis yielded alternative growth routes that address current challenges within the zone, accompanied by recommendations for enhancing its future development.
Open Data for Transparency of Government Tenders: A State Analysis in Croatian Agriculture Land Lease
Authors: Hrustek Larisa , Kević Karlo , Varga Filip
Published: November 2024

State-owned agricultural land is an asset that the state must manage in a responsible and transparent manner. Agricultural land is extremely important for farmers as it enables them to carry out agricultural activities. Due to its importance to farmers, it is often the subject of debate as stakeholders are often dissatisfied with the allocation and management of state-owned agricultural land. Qualitative research of the process of state agricultural land lease and the associated legislation in the Republic of Croatia enabled the analysis of the existing business model, with the results pointing to shortcomings in the Initial and Evaluation phases of the process. A steady rise in the number of tenders published in 2015–2022 was recorded. Local administrative units in the Continental region scored higher than those in the Adriatic region (both cities and municipalities) in terms of transparency. Unfortunately, the response rate from the local authorities was below 50% across both region and unit, further indicating low transparency. Based on the findings, a proposal of changes in the tendering process was made utilizing a digital platform as an environment for all stakeholders, which provides functionalities essential for the transparent implementation of tenders for the agricultural land lease in Croatia.
Unveiling Urban River Visual Features Through Immersive Virtual Reality: Analyzing Youth Perceptions with UAV Panoramic Imagery
Authors: Shou Yunlei , Lei Zexin , Li Jiaying , Luo Junjie
Published: November 2024

The visual evaluation and characteristic analysis of urban rivers are pivotal for advancing our understanding of urban waterscapes and their surrounding environments. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer significant advantages over traditional satellite remote sensing, including flexible aerial surveying, diverse perspectives, and high-resolution imagery. This study centers on the Haihe River, South Canal, and North Canal in Tianjin China, employing UAVs to capture continuous panoramic image data. Through immersive virtual reality (VR) technology, visual evaluations of these panoramic images were obtained from a cohort of young participants. These evaluations encompassed assessments of scenic beauty, color richness, vitality, and historical sense. Subsequently, computer vision techniques were utilized to quantitatively analyze the proportions of various landscape elements (e.g., trees, grass, buildings) within the images. Clustering analysis of visual evaluation results and semantic segmentation outcomes from different study points facilitated the effective identification and grouping of river visual features. The findings reveal significant differences in scenic beauty, color richness, and vitality among the Haihe River, South Canal, and North Canal, whereas the South and North Canals exhibited a limited sense of history. Six landscape elements—water bodies, buildings, trees, etc.—comprised over 90% of the images, forming the primary visual characteristics of the three rivers. Nonetheless, the uneven spatial distribution of these elements resulted in notable variations in the visual features of the rivers. This study demonstrates that the visual feature analysis method based on UAV panoramic images can achieve a quantitative evaluation of multi-scene urban 3D landscapes, thereby providing a robust scientific foundation for the optimization of urban river environments.
Examining Spatial Accessibility and Equity of Public Hospitals for Older Adults in Songjiang District, Shanghai
Authors: Mahmut Mirkamiljan , Yin Pei , Peng Bozhezi , Wu Jiani , Wang Tao , Yuan Shengqiang , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2024

In developing countries, aging is rapid and new towns in suburban and rural districts are emerging. However, the spatial accessibility and equity of healthcare services for older adults in new towns is rarely examined. This study is among the earliest attempts to evaluate the spatial accessibility and equity of public hospitals for older adults, using data from Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. A modified Gaussian Huff-based three-step floating catchment area (GH3SFCA) method was adopted based on the real-time travel costs of public transit, driving, cycling, and walking. The Gini coefficient and Bivariate Moran’s Index were integrated to estimate spatial equity. The results showed that the spatial accessibility of high-tier hospitals decreases from the central areas to the outskirts for older adults in Songjiang. Meanwhile, the accessibility of low-tier hospitals varies substantially across areas. Although the low-tier hospitals are distributed evenly, their Gini coefficient showed less equitable spatial accessibility than the high-tier hospitals. Furthermore, driving and cycling lead to more equitable spatial accessibility than public transit or walking. Finally, communities with a low-supply–high-demand mismatch for public hospitals were suggested to be improved preferentially. These findings will facilitate planning strategies for public hospitals for older adults in developing new towns.
Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Mechanism of the Transcription Factor AaCrz1 Regulating the Infection Structure Formation of Alternaria alternata Induced by Pear Peel Wax Signal
Authors: Yang Yangyang , Xie Pengdong , Nan Yuanping , Xu Xiaobin , Yuan Jing , Li Yongcai , Bi Yang , Prusky Dov
Published: November 2024

Alternaria alternata, a causal agent of pear black spot, can recognize and respond to physicochemical signals from fruit surfaces through an intricate signaling network to initiate infection. Crz1 is an important transcription factor downstream of the calcium signaling pathway. In this study, we first investigated the infection structure formation process of the wild type (WT) and ΔAaCrz1 strains induced by the cuticular wax of the “Zaosu” pear by microscopic observation. We found that the infection process was delayed and the rate of appressorium formation and infection hyphae formation was significantly decreased in the ΔAaCrz1 strain. RNA-seq of WT and ΔAaCrz1 strains was analyzed after 6 h of induction with pear wax. A total of 893 up-regulated and 534 down-regulated genes were identified. Among them, genes related to cell wall degrading enzymes, ABC transporters, and ion homeostasis were down-regulated, and the autophagy pathway was induced and activated. In addition, disruption to the intracellular antioxidant system was also found after AaCrz1 knockdown. In summary, this study provides new information on the mechanism of the transcription factor AaCrz1 in the regulation of infection structure formation of A. alternata induced by pear peel wax signal, which can be used to develop new strategies for controlling fungal diseases in the future.
Association of the miR-143 Gene rs353292 Polymorphism with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Caucasian Women: A Novel Finding in a Multifactorial Devastating Problem
Authors: Stavros Sofoklis , Potiris Anastasios , Christopoulos Panagiotis , Zacharopoulou Natalia , Kyrli Vasiliki , Mavrogianni Despoina , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Drakaki Eirini , Karampitsakos Theodoros , Topis Spyridon , Machairiotis Nikolaos , Gerede Angeliki , Skentou Chara , Drakakis Peter , Domali Ekaterini
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this prospective case–control study is to investigate the correlation of the miR-143 gene rs353292 polymorphism in Caucasian women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to a matched control group with at least one live birth and without pregnancy losses. In total, 110 women with recurrent pregnancy losses and 95 control women were recruited. Peripheral blood was collected from all women, and the isolation of DNA was performed with Monarch Genomic DNA Purification. Polymerase chain reaction was applied to amplify the DNA sequence of the miR-143 gene promoter, carrying the polymorphism rs353292. The incidence of genotype CC in the RPL group was statistically significantly higher than in control group (p < 0.0001). Allele C (CT + CC) in the control group was found in 47.36%, and in the RPL group was found in 68.17% (p = 0.006). SNP rs353292 T>C was associated with increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. The calculated odds ratio for CT + CC vs. TT and for CC vs. TT were significant higher (p = 0.0028 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The study results suggest that the rs353292 polymorphism is associated with a statistically significant increase in RPL prevalence. The present study provides additional evidence in favor of a shared pathophysiological mechanism that contributes to both RPLs, potentially through inflammatory processes and epithelial–mesenchymal transition dysregulation.
Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing Analysis in a Large-Scale Multiple Sclerosis Study
Authors: Sak Müge , Chariker Julia H. , Park Juw Won , Rouchka Eric Christian
Published: November 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 3 million people globally. Despite rigorous research on MS, aspects of its development and progression remain unclear. We utilized a publicly available RNA-seq dataset (GSE138614) consisting of the post-mortem white matter tissues of five donors without any neurological disorders and ten MS patient donors. We investigated gene expression levels correlated with tissue inflammation and alternative splicing to identify possible pathological isoforms in MS tissues. We identified RNA-binding motifs, differentially expressed RNA-binding proteins, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to unravel possible mechanisms of alternative splicing. Genes with expression changes that were positively correlated with tissue inflammation were enriched in the immune system and receptor interaction pathways. Genes showing a negative correlation were enriched in nervous system development and in metabolic pathways. A comparison of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and active or chronic active lesions within the same donors identified genes playing roles in immunity, white matter injury repair, and remyelination. We identified exon skipping events and spontaneous SNPs in membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger-1 (MARCHF1), UDP glycosyltransferase-8 (UGT8), and other genes important in autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Overall, we identified unique genes, pathways, and novel splicing events that can be further investigated as potential novel drug targets for MS treatment.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Metabolomic Analysis of Ilex Rotunda Extracted by Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Le Duc Dat , Jang Young Su , Truong Vinhquang , Dinh Thientam , Dang Thinhulinh , Yu Soojung , Lee Mina
Published: November 2024

Ilex rotunda is a famous medicinal plant with many ethnopharmacological uses. It is traditionally employed for treating inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we established green technology to extract the leaves and twigs of I. rotunda. The obtained extracts and their fractions were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential. In cytokine assays, the extract, n-hexane (H), methylene chloride (MC), and EtOAc (E) fractions of the twigs of I. rotunda significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the extract, H, and MC fractions of the leaves of I. rotunda modulated cytokine expression by downregulating LPS-induced NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Western blotting analysis revealed that the extracts and fractions of the leaves and twigs of I. rotunda inhibited inflammatory cytokines by inactivating nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) action by reducing the phosphorylation of transcript factor (p65) and nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) degradation, or by inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through the p38 or ERK signaling pathways via the active ingredients of the leaves and twigs of I. rotunda. Ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatography–Orbitrap mass analysis (UHPLC–ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS)-based molecular networking, in cooperation with social open platform-guided isolation and dereplication, led to the identification of metabolites in this plant. Our findings indicate that the leaves and twigs of I. rotunda could be promising candidates for developing therapeutic strategies to treat anti-inflammatory diseases.
Estimating the Number of Polygenic Diseases Among Six Mutually Exclusive Entities of Non-Tumors and Cancer
Authors: Smith C. I. Edvard , Burger Jan A. , Zain Rula
Published: November 2024

In the era of precision medicine with increasing amounts of sequenced cancer and non-cancer genomes of different ancestries, we here enumerate the resulting polygenic disease entities. Based on the cell number status, we first identified six fundamental types of polygenic illnesses, five of which are non-cancerous. Like complex, non-tumor disorders, neoplasms normally carry alterations in multiple genes, including in ‘Drivers’ and ‘Passengers’. However, tumors also lack certain genetic alterations/epigenetic changes, recently named ‘Goners’, which are toxic for the neoplasm and potentially constitute therapeutic targets. Drivers are considered essential for malignant transformation, whereas environmental influences vary considerably among both types of polygenic diseases. For each form, hyper-rare disorders, defined as affecting <1/108 individuals, likely represent the largest number of disease entities. Loss of redundant tumor-suppressor genes exemplifies such a profoundly rare mutational event. For non-tumor, polygenic diseases, pathway-centered taxonomies seem preferable. This classification is not readily feasible in cancer, but the inclusion of Drivers and possibly also of epigenetic changes to the existing nomenclature might serve as initial steps in this direction. Based on the detailed genetic alterations, the number of polygenic diseases is essentially countless, but different forms of nosologies may be used to restrict the number.
The GDF15 3′ UTR Polymorphism rs1054564 Is Associated with Diabetes and Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Guardiola Montse , Girona Josefa , Barroso Emma , García-Altares María , Ibarretxe Daiana , Plana Núria , Ribalta Josep , Correig Xavier , Vázquez-Carrera Manuel , Masana Lluís , Rodríguez-Calvo Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-response cytokine related to a wide variety of metabolic diseases. However, the impact of GDF15-specific genetic variants on the abovementioned conditions is poorly known. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of selected GDF15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on metabolic disturbances and subclinical atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study involving 153 participants of a metabolic patient-based cohort was performed. Three selected SNPs (rs888663, rs1054564 and rs1059369) in a locus on chromosome 19 including the GDF15 gene were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and its relationship with the serum GDF15 levels, health status and clinical variables were analyzed. Of the three SNPs analyzed, only rs1054564 showed different distributions between the healthy volunteers and patients suffering lipid alterations and associated disorders. Accordingly, just the rs1054564 variant carriers showed a significant increase in GDF15 serum levels compared to the wild-type carriers. The group of variant carriers showed a higher frequency of individuals with diabetes, compared to the wild-type carrier group, without showing differences in other metabolic conditions. Additionally, the frequency of individuals with atherosclerotic carotid plaque was higher in the rs1054564 variant carriers than in the wild-type carriers. Logistic regression models identified that the presence of the rs1054564 variant carriers increase the likelihood for both diabetes and carotid plaque independently of confounding factors. Overall, the findings of this study identify the rs1054564 variant as a potential indicator for the likelihood of diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Assessment of a New Gait Asymmetry Index in Patients After Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kabaciński Jarosław , Dworak Lechosław B. , Murawa Michał
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Comparing a given variable between the lower extremities (LEs) usually involves calculating the value of a selected asymmetry index. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean-dependent asymmetry index for gait variables. Methods: The three-point crutch gait asymmetry between the non-surgical LE (NS) and surgical LE (S) was assessed in 14 patients after unilateral total hip arthroplasty. An eight-camera motion capture system integrated with two force platforms was used. The values of the new gait asymmetry index (MA) were calculated for such variables as stance phase time (ST), knee flexion and extension range of motion (KFE RoM), hip flexion and extension range of motion (HFE RoM), and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). Results: An analysis related to gait asymmetry showed significantly higher values for all variables for the NS than for the S (the MA ranged from 9.9 to 42.0%; p < 0.001). In the case of comparisons between the MA and other indices, the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.566 to 0.998 (p < 0.001) with Bland–Altman bias values that ranged from −18.2 to 0.3 %GC (ST), from 0.0 to 0.5° (KFE RoM), from −12.4 to 1.4° (HFE RoM), and from −11.9 to −0.1 %BW (VGRF). Conclusions: The findings revealed a prominent three-point crutch gait asymmetry for all variables, especially a disturbingly large asymmetry for the HFE RoM and VGRF. The comparisons also showed generally excellent or good agreement with the other indices. Furthermore, the mean MA result from n single values was the same as the MA result calculated using the mean values of a given variable. The MA, as an accurate asymmetry index, can be used to objectively assess pathological gait asymmetry.
Editorial for Recent Developments in Emergency Trauma Management
Authors: Schober Patrick , Giannakopoulos Georgios F. , Schwarte Lothar A.
Published: November 2024

This Special Issue addresses several specific aspects of emergency trauma management in considerable depth (contributions I–VI) [...]
Changes of Dental Implant Surgery-Related Anxiety and Pain with Respect to ASA-Physical Status
Authors: Sağlanmak Alper , Arısan Volkan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Rehabilitation of missing teeth with dental implants is a strong trigger of dental anxiety. The sympathetic response caused by anxiety can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidents, especially in patients at systemic risk (ASA Physical Status-II and ASA Physical Status-III). Dental anxiety can affect physical health by activating the sympathetic response, and the patient’s physical health status may also affect dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that may reduce anxiety and pain, considering the patient’s physical health status according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA-PS). Methods: A total of 562 implants were placed under local anesthesia in 201 patients with ASA PS-I (healthy) and ASA PS-II and III (comorbid). The effect of patient-, dentist-, and surgery-related variables on dental anxiety and pain perception were evaluated. Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale and Numerical Rating Scale for Pain scores were measured and recorded preoperatively (T0) and 1 week postoperatively (T1). The effects of the associated variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression and non-parametric tests (p < 0.05). Results: Age (OR = 1.089), gender (OR = 6.493), ASA-PS (OR = 13.912), and the number of placed implants (OR = 0.807) were significantly associated with reduction in dental anxiety. There were statistically significant differences between the study groups in terms of mDAS score reduction (p = 0.028). Conclusions: ASA-PS, gender and the number of placed implants affected the anxiety of the patients. Age and number of implants seem to be variables with a relative influence that depends on other factors.
Attention Network Dysfunctions in Lewy Body Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Huang Yujing , Cromarty Ruth , Jia Lina , Han Ying , O’Brien John , Taylor John-Paul , Su Li
Published: November 2024

Background: Attention deficits are notable in Lewy body dementia (LBD) and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalograph (EEG) to detect neural correlates of attention dysfunctions in LBD and AD. Methods: We recruited 33 patients with LBD, 15 patients with AD and 19 elderly healthy controls. The participants performed the modified Attention Network Task (ANT) to investigate the attention dysfunctions. Results: We found that LBD had alerting attention deficits and AD showed apparent orienting attention dysfunctions, while LBD and AD maintained relatively normal executive/conflict attention. Based on source-level EEG analyses, LBD had frontal-central deficits for alerting attention while AD showed inferior frontal and precentral impairments for orienting attention. In addition, the insular and inferior frontal areas were hyper-activated in LBD and AD for executive/conflict attention. Apart from these areas, LBD showed activity in the complementary temporal-central-occipital network for the modified ANT task. Furthermore, the oscillational sources for the ANT effects indicated that the alpha and theta bands were partly impaired in dementia patients. Conclusions: In summary, using source-localised EEG, we found that attention dysfunctions in LBD and AD engaged different neural networks.
The Impact of Changes in Paraspinal Muscle Tissue on Lumbar Percutaneous Intradiscal Radiofrequency Therapy
Authors: Güler Emel , Yavuz Mollavelioğlu Tuğçe , Çelebi Nalan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether fatty changes in paraspinal muscle tissue negatively affect pain relief and functional outcomes, measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), in patients undergoing intradiscal bipolar radiofrequency thermocoagulation for lumbar degenerative disc (LDD) disease. Fatty changes in paraspinal muscles, often associated with sarcopenia, are known to negatively influence treatment outcomes. However, there is limited research on how these changes affect pain and functional capacity following intradiscal procedures. Methods: In this study, data from 59 patients treated for LDD were analyzed. Pain severity was measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and the ODI was recorded before the procedure and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-procedure. Fatty changes in the paraspinal muscle tissue were evaluated using the Goutallier classification based on pre-procedure T2-weighted MRI scans, while disc degeneration was assessed using the Pfirrmann classification. Results: The results showed significant positive correlations between the Goutallier and Pfirrmann classifications and pain levels at all time points post-procedure (p < 0.05). Notably, the relationship between NRS scores and Goutallier classification was stronger than that with Pfirrmann classification (p < 0.05). ODI scores were also significantly correlated with both Goutallier and Pfirrmann classifications at each time point, with a stronger association observed between ODI and Goutallier classification than with NRS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that fatty changes in the paraspinal muscle tissue may significantly influence treatment outcomes and should be considered during pre-treatment evaluations. Further research is needed to explore this relationship more comprehensively.
Changes in Muscle Mass and Bone Density and Their Relationship After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Heo Juneyoung , Koh Han-Seung , Nam Chang Hyun , Lee Dong-Chan , Baek Ji-Hoon , Ahn Hye Sun , Lee Su Chan
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effects of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on muscle mass and bone density in end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 111 patients with Kellgren–Lawrence grade 4 knee OA who underwent TKA after failing to respond to conservative treatment for more than 3 months at a single institution from June 2022 to May 2023. Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and every 6 months after surgery. The average follow-up period was 15.5 ± 2.31 months (range, 11.6–24 months). Results: During the follow-up period after TKA, the ALMI increased relatively continuously and consistently. The BMD of the L-spine and proximal femur did not change significantly until 12 months after TKA surgery but began to increase steeply after 12 months and slowed down after 18 months. The increase in muscle mass showed a significant positive correlation with the increase in BMD. Conclusions: Muscle mass gradually increased after TKA for end-stage knee OA, whereas bone density also increased but not until 12 months after surgery. The significant positive correlation between the increase in muscle mass and bone density suggests that the increase in muscle mass after TKA may be one of the causes of the increase in bone density.
Pharmaceutical Residues in Sediments of a Coastal Lagoon in Northwest Mexico—Occurrence and Environmental Risk Assessment
Authors: Becerra-Rueda Oscar Fernando , Rodríguez-Figueroa Griselda Margarita , Marmolejo-Rodríguez Ana Judith , Aguíñiga-García Sergio , Durán-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

Contamination of marine ecosystems by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) deserves more research since their environmental fate differs from that observed in freshwater systems. However, knowledge remains scarce, especially in semi-arid coastal regions of the Global South. This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of caffeine, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole in sediments from the La Paz lagoon, a coastal system in a semi-arid region of Mexico with inverse estuarine conditions. Samples of superficial sediments (0–5 cm depth) were collected from 18 sampling points distributed through the lagoon, encompassing sites heavily polluted by discharges of municipal sewage and 3 potentially pristine sites far from the urban and peri-urban zones. Also, a 25 cm length sediment core was taken and divided into 1 cm sub-samples to determine the deposition of target PhACs in the sediment bed through time. The extraction of the target PhACs was performed through the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique and quantification was achieved using a validated HPLC-MS/MS analytical method. The concentration of caffeine, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole in superficial sediment oscillated in the range of 1 to 45 ng g−1 (dry weight). The highest mass fraction of target PhACs was detected in sites impacted by wastewater discharges. The caffeine-to-carbamazepine ratio was determined for the first time in marine sediments impacted by wastewater discharges, resulting in values from 4.2 to 9.12. Analysis of the 25 cm length sediment core revealed a high dispersion of caffeine, which was attributed to high water solubility, while antibiotics were predominantly detected in the upper 20 cm of the core. Risk quotients were calculated, observing low risk for caffeine, carbamazepine, and ciprofloxacin, while sulfamethoxazole presented high risk in all the sampling points. PhACs are retained in superficial sediments from a lagoon impacted by wastewater discharges, and the level of impact depends on the properties of the compounds and the TOC content in sediments. Risk assessments should be performed in the future considering the combination of pharmaceuticals and byproducts in marine sediments. This research emphasizes the importance of sewage management in preserving marine ecosystems in semi-arid regions in the Global South.
Walking Ability After Microsurgical Reconstruction of Pediatric Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome—A Case Report
Authors: Aman Martin , Thielen Mirjam , Kneser Ulrich , Harhaus Leila
Published: November 2024

Background: Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by orofacial, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, and genital anomalies. Surgical interventions are necessary to address the severe knee flexion contracture and equinovarus deformity, but there are no established treatment guidelines. Methods: We present the case of a one-year-old patient with PPS and discuss the challenges in managing the knee deformity. The surgical option chosen for the unilateral knee contracture of 80° consisted of skin management by a large Z-plasty, lengthening of popliteal vessels by grafts, lengthening of the tibial and peroneal nerves by autografts and allografts, capsular releases, and tendon releases to improve mobility and preserve foot sensibility. Results: With a three-year follow-up, the surgical interventions resulted in proper ability to walk freely. Wearing of a foot orthesis was necessary to balance the leg length differences and support the midfoot deformity. Furthermore, sensation of the foot could be restored in terms of touch sensibility and perfusion was always stable during growth. Discussion: The treatment of PPS requires a multidisciplinary approach, considering the rarity and complexity of the syndrome. Surgical interventions aim to release contractures, correct deformities, and preserve foot sensibility. Each treatment option has its advantages and disadvantages, highlighting the need for individualized care.
Identity Theft: The Importance of Prosecuting on Behalf of Victims
Authors: Kayser Christopher S. , Back Sinchul , Toro-Alvarez Marlon Mike
Published: November 2024

Rates of victimization from identity theft continue to rise exponentially. Personally identifiable information (PII) has become vitally valuable data bad actors use to commit fraud against individuals. Focusing primarily on the United States and Canada, the objective of this paper is to raise awareness for those involved in criminal justice (CJ) to more fully understand potential life-changing consequences for those whose PII is used fraudulently. We examine the impact of crimes involving PII and the urgent need to increase investigations and legal proceedings for identity theft-related crimes. Referring to a National Crime Victimization Survey, we analyze why many victims of identity theft crimes resist notifying appropriate authorities. We also address why those within the CJ system are often reluctant to initiate actions against occurrences of identity theft. We provide insight into consequences experienced by identity theft victims, particularly if their PII is posted on the Dark Web, a threat that can exist into perpetuity. If rates of victimization from identity theft-based crimes are to decline, reporting of victimization must increase, and current legislation related to investigating and processing identity theft crimes must progress.
Correlation Between Hyperlipidemia-Related Diseases and Thorax/Thigh Circumference Ratio Along with Body Condition Score in Dogs Focusing on Molecular Mechanism: A Pilot Study and Literature Review
Authors: Choi Kyuhyung
Published: November 2024

There are some limitations to using the body condition score (BCS) for client education to prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia-related diseases, and orthopedic diseases in dogs because it is hard to quantify in detail. Especially in small dogs, patellar luxation is a common orthopedic disease that is related to obesity and the hind leg muscle. In this pilot study, the author evaluated the thorax/thigh circumference ratio as a prognostic evaluation index, along with the BCS, for assessing patellar dislocation and other hyperlipidemia-related diseases and states such as hypertriglyceridemia and obesity-related orthopedic disease in small dogs. Eleven client-owned dogs were selected randomly among patients that visited Bundang New York Animal Hospital, South Korea from June 2021 to August 2024. According to the results, triglycerides (TG) showed a negative correlation with thorax/thigh value (R = −0.585, p-value = 0.059) and a strong positive correlation with thigh circumference (R = 0.749, p-value = 0.008). Total cholesterol (TC) showed a strong positive correlation with thigh circumference (R = 0.776, p-value = 0.005), whereas the thorax/thigh value showed a negative correlation with the medial patella luxation (MPL) grade with low significance (R = −0.343, p-value = 0.302). These data indicate that thigh circumference can be an excellent negative indicator for hyperlipidemia and thorax/thigh value shows no correlation with medial patella luxation, which has many factors such as varus and trochlear groove. Despite the limitations of this study due to the small sample size, this pilot study is significant as it is the first trial to introduce a new indicator for monitoring hyperlipidemia at home by using a simple tape measure. Also, the author reviews molecular pathways including the ApoA-1, ApoE, and LPL genes, which are related to hyperlipidemia, to explain the results.
Effects of Flavanone Derivatives on Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells
Authors: Nobushi Yasuhito , Wada Taira , Miura Motofumi , Onoda Rikuto , Ishiwata Ryuta , Oikawa Naoki , Shigematsu Karin , Nakakita Toshinori , Toriyama Masaharu , Shimba Shigeki , Kishikawa Yukinaga
Published: November 2024

Flavanones, a class of flavonoids, are abundant in fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They are known to have several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, but their effects on obesity remain unclear. Obesity is closely associated with adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of flavanone derivatives on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by using 3T3-L1 cells. Among the 15 flavanone derivatives studied, 4′-phenylflavanone (4PF), with a biphenyl structure, significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation-related lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells; this inhibition of lipid accumulation was dose-dependent. Gene expression analysis showed that 4PF suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes. Although the induction of peroxisome proliferator activator γ2 (Pparγ2), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, and its target genes during adipocyte differentiation was attenuated in 4PF-treated cells, 4PF did not directly regulate Pparγ2 gene expression and its activation. In contrast, 4PF suppressed mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), which is associated with changes in the expression of proliferation-related genes at the early stages of adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that 4PF inhibits lipid accumulation because it suppresses MCE during adipocyte differentiation. Thus, our findings may help in the development of anti-obesity drugs.
Synergistic Effects of Waste Glass Powder, High-Frequency Ultrasonic Dispersion, and Liquid Glass Treatment on the Properties of Aluminum-Based Ultra-Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Serelis Evaldas , Vaitkevicius Vitoldas , Salehi Siavash , Sinka Maris , Sapata Alise
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the impact of waste glass powder, high-frequency ultrasonics (HFUS) dispersion, and liquid glass treatment on aluminum-based ultra-lightweight concrete. Substituting up to 80% of Portland cement with waste glass powder significantly delays hydration and reduces compressive strength by 77%. However, applying HFUS dispersion for 60 s to a mixture with 30% waste glass powder substitution restored compressive strength to the reference value of 3.1 MPa. The combined HFUS and liquid glass treatment enhanced compressive strength by 87%, increased density by 32%, and significantly reduced prosody. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a progressively denser cement matrix with each treatment, highlighting the synergistic effects of these methods in improving concrete properties.
Contribution of Copper Slag to Water Treatment and Hydrogen Production by Photocatalytic Mechanisms in Aqueous Solutions: A Mini Review
Authors: Leiva-Guajardo Susana I. , Toro Norman , Fuentealba Edward , Morel Mauricio J. , Soliz Álvaro , Portillo Carlos , Galleguillos Madrid Felipe M.
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen has emerged as a promising energy carrier, offering a viable solution to meet our current global energy demands. Solar energy is recognised as a primary source of renewable power, capable of producing hydrogen using solar cells. The pursuit of efficient, durable, and cost-effective photocatalysts is essential for the advancement of solar-driven hydrogen generation. Copper slag, a by-product of copper smelting and refining processes, primarily consists of metal oxides such as hematite, silica, and alumina. This composition makes it an attractive secondary resource for use as a photocatalyst, thereby diverting copper slag from landfills and generating 0.113 μmol/g h of hydrogen, as noted by Montoya. This review aims to thoroughly examine copper slag as a photocatalytic material, exploring its chemical, physical, photocatalytic, and electrochemical properties. Additionally, it evaluates its suitability for water treatment and its potential as an emerging material for large-scale solar hydrogen production.
Application of Cold Plasma to Reduce the Roughness of the Working Surface of a Railway Car Center Plate
Authors: Bulakh Maryna
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a study on the use of cold plasma to reduce the roughness of the working surface of center plates of railway cars. The use of cold plasma is a promising method of surface treatment which allows for a significant reduction in roughness without changing the mechanical and chemical properties of the material. As part of the study, experiments were conducted on the treatment of center plates with cold plasma, the surface roughness was measured before and after the treatment, and the microhardness, microstructure, and chemical composition of the material were analyzed. The results of our experimental studies show that the use of cold plasma can reduce roughness by 1.4–1.6 times. At the same time, the roughness parameters Ra are reduced by 29.1–37.4%, and Rz by 29.3–39.6%. A slight increase of 2.81–3.31% in the roughness parameter Sa is also obtained after cold plasma treatment compared to the base samples. Thus, the use of cold plasma for the treatment of center plates of railway cars can significantly increase their durability and reduce the costs of manufacture or repair, making this method promising for use in the railway industry.
Securing Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Needs for Sustainable Energy Initiatives
Authors: Popa Dan-Cristian , Szabó Loránd
Published: November 2024

Rare earth permanent magnets are vital in various sectors, including renewable energy conversion, where they are widely used in permanent magnet generators. However, the global supply and availability of these materials present significant risks, and their mining and processing have raised serious environmental concerns. This paper reviews the necessary legislative, economic, and technological measures that must be implemented to address these issues. While it may not be feasible to eliminate the risks associated with the availability of rare earth materials, researchers in the field of electrical generators can play a crucial role in significantly reducing the demand for newly mined and processed such materials, thereby mitigating the negative environmental impacts of their extraction and production.
An Example of Using Low-Cost LiDAR Technology for 3D Modeling and Assessment of Degradation of Heritage Structures and Buildings
Authors: Kędziorski Piotr , Jagoda Marcin , Tysiąc Paweł , Katzer Jacek
Published: November 2024

This article examines the potential of low-cost LiDAR technology for 3D modeling and assessment of the degradation of historic buildings, using a section of the Koszalin city walls in Poland as a case study. Traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) offers high accuracy but is expensive. The study assessed whether more accessible LiDAR options, such as those integrated with mobile devices such as the Apple iPad Pro, can serve as viable alternatives. This study was conducted in two phases—first assessing measurement accuracy and then assessing degradation detection—using tools such as the FreeScan Combo scanner and the Z+F 5016 IMAGER TLS. The results show that, while low-cost LiDAR is suitable for small-scale documentation, its accuracy decreases for larger, complex structures compared to TLS. Despite these limitations, this study suggests that low-cost LiDAR can reduce costs and improve access to heritage conservation, although further development of mobile applications is recommended.
Mechanochemical Treatment for the Extraction of Lithium from Hard Rock Minerals: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Eom Yuik , Dyer Laurence , Nikoloski Aleksandar N. , Alorro Richard Diaz
Published: November 2024

Lithium (Li) extraction from Li hard rock minerals involves thermal activation at elevated temperatures and the use of corrosive reagents. The reagents can damage the environment if they are not adequately contained as part of the process, and the high temperatures require large amounts of energy, which can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions unless renewable energy sources are used. These concerns have motivated research into many alternative methods to partially or completely replace the conventional process while maintaining or enhancing the Li extraction rate. Mechanochemistry is one of these alternative methods, as it has the potential to increase the reactivity of Li resources with reagents while reducing the need for corrosive reagents. Mechanochemistry has been applied to mineral processing, particularly introduced as the pre-treatment method before pyro- or hydrometallurgical processes, for several decades. In recent years, a few studies about direct Li extraction from mechanochemically activated hard rock minerals utilizing various co-grinding additives have been reported. This review deals with the application of mechanochemistry to process the Li-bearing hard rock minerals, spodumene and lepidolite, and the mechanisms of the mechanochemical treatment.
Recent Advances in Metallurgical Extractive Processes
Authors: Toro Norman , Gálvez Edelmira , Jeldres Ricardo I.
Published: November 2024

Mining is an indisputable pillar of the world economy, and it faces constant challenges that demand technological innovations and continuous adaptation [...]
The Evolution of Cube Texture in Directionally Solidified Fe-3.0 wt. % Si Alloy Assisted by a High Static Magnetic Field
Authors: Liu Chunmei , Chen Zijian , Li Hongyu , Lin Wenhao , Feng Meilong , Zheng Tianxiang , Zhou Bangfei , Zhong Yunbo
Published: November 2024

The effect of a high static magnetic field (HSMF) on the evolution of cube texture in directionally solidified Fe-3.0 wt. % Si alloy was studied. The results show that the <001> crystal orientation of an α-Fe single crystal was parallel to the direction of the HSMF, and a sharp cube texture was successfully formed in the final ingot. With the increase in growth speed, the main texture of the Fe-3.0 wt. % Si alloy evolved in the way of <001>→<081>→<120> along the pulling direction when an HSMF was applied. The orientation transition was attributed to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the α–Fe crystal during the directional solidification process. As a result of texture optimization, the specimens with an HSMF had higher saturation magnetization and permeability than the sample without an HSMF. Furthermore, a new creative method to tailor the cube texture of Fe-based alloys during the directional solidification process assisted by an HSMF is proposed.