bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity indoor MIMO radio access for 5G and beyond based on legacy multimode fiber and real-time analog-to-digital-compression
Authors: Zhu Paikun , Yoshida Yuki , Kanno Atsushi , Yamamoto Naokatsu , Kitayama Ken-ichi
Published: December 2020

Dedicated indoor radio access network (RAN, such as C-RAN with fronthaul) will be in urgent demand for 5G and beyond ((B)5G), as it becomes more difficult for outdoor base stations to serve indoor mobile/IoT terminals due to the loss issue induced by higher carrier frequency. One cost-effective and time-saving strategy for indoor (B)5G RAN is to reuse the legacy multimode fibers (MMF) deployed in buildings and premises worldwide. In this work, we introduce the concept of indoor (B)5G fronthaul over legacy MMF based on analog-to-digital-compression (ADX), termed as ADX-RoMMF. Enabled by ADX for MIMO data compression, both high radio signal fidelity and fronthaul bandwidth efficiency can be achieved, which alleviates the limitation of low MMF bandwidth-distance product and supports decent indoor coverage. Meanwhile, its digital nature is highly compatible with low-cost optical transceivers (with nonlinearity and/or imperfection) and packet-based fronthaul networking such as time-sensitive networking. Furthermore, the ultralow latency of ADX processing meets the requirement of low-delay (B)5G fronthauling. We experimentally demonstrate an ADX-RoMMF link serving 16-channel MIMO signals with NR-class bandwidth and 1024QAM, leveraging a real-time ADX prototyped on a single-chip field-programmable radio platform. Results show that this 32Gb/s CPRI-equivalent rate can be transported over MMF distance of 850m within 1024QAM EVM requirement, which is 4-fold larger than that of conventional fronthaul compression scheme. Moreover, 500ns ADX latency overhead is also verified.
Tapered fiber radiation sensor based on Ce/Tb:YAG crystals for remote γ-ray dosimetry
Authors: Jia Ming , Wen Jianxiang , Pan Xiangping , Xin Zhiwei , Pang Fufei , He Linfeng , Wang Tingyun
Published: December 2020

A novel tapered fiber-optic radiation sensor (TFRS) based on cerium (Ce) and terbium (Tb) co-doped YAG scintillation crystals is demonstrated for the first time. Using the CO2 laser-heated method, a Ce/Tb:YAG crystal is well embedded into silica glass cladding without any cracks. The scintillation light emitted from the YAG scintillation crystal can be directly coupled into the derived silica optical fiber by the tapered region. The loss of the derived optical fiber is 0.14 dB/cm, which is one order of magnitude lower than the 1.59 dB/cm of the YAG crystal in the TFRS. Subsequently, strong photo- and radio-luminescence of Tb3+ (5D4→7F5) ions in TFRS are achieved under ultraviolet light and high-energy ray excitation, respectively. In particular, a prominent remote radiation response of the TFRS is presented under excitation by γ-rays through fusion splicing with multimode optical fibers. The response is approximately four times larger than that of a plastic scintillation fiber (BCF-12) sensor. Furthermore, the results possess high stability as well as a good linearity between the radiation dose rate and the response intensity. The TFRS in combination with an all-silica fiber system is a promising candidate for remote radiation detection.
Consumers’ knowledge level, attitudes, behaviours and acceptance of GM foods
Authors: Şanlıer Nevin , Ceyhun Sezgin Aybuke
Published: December 2020

Research aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the consumers’ opinions about genetically modified (GM) foods in Turkey. A framework was conceptualized and conducted in educated consumers. Method: A questionnaire about consumers’ knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions was performed to 1307 individuals. Data were collected through face-to-face conversations with the questionnaire. The convenience sampling method was used for data collection and a voluntary basis was taken into account while selecting the participants. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0. According to the results the genetically modified foods knowledge scores (4.53±0.74) of married individuals are high (p<0.001), single individuals’ GM foods attitude, behavior and perception scores have also been found to be statistically significantly high (26.55±5.95) (p<0.001). Findings: Furthermore, there exist a positive correlation between the attitude, behavior and perception scores. Age, gender and marital status of highly educated consumers’ influence their knowledge and attitudes about GM foods, but the attitude, behavior and perception scores show that individuals are concerned about GM foods. Conclusions: It is seen that consumers do not have sufficient knowledge about genetically modified foods but that they want to be informed. According to the results of this study, consumers focus more on the harmful aspects of the benefit/harm relationship of GM foods. In this study, it was determined that women were suspicious of genetically modified foods compared to men. This study reflects about consumers opinions and provides information about the studies and enforcements will be executed in this regard in the future.
About one of the approaches to the assessment of the technical level of geostationary communication satellites
Authors:   Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine, Petlyak E.A. , Marchenko V.T. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the NAS of Ukraine and SSA of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the problem of a quantitative assessment of the technical level (technical excellence) of geostationary telecommunication satellites (GTS). The technical level indicator is a quantitative measure for assessing the perfection of the design of a product and the quality of products (services) produced with its use. This is an important technical and economic indicator of experimental design work. The value of the technical level indicator is one of the determining factors in the competitiveness of the created space system. The paper discusses the existing methodological approaches to the quantitative assessment of the technical level of science-intensive and technically complex products. We present a new approach to determine the composition of technical performance markers for calculating the GTS technical level indicator allowing a formal description of the beneficial effect and a logical scheme for quantifying the technical level. The methodological approach to calculate the degree of influence of technical efficiency indicators on the value of the beneficial effect of the use of GTS is stated as well. It is based on a mathematical model of the hierarchy analysis introduced by T. Saaty, complemented by us with mathematical models for the best consideration of GTS technical features. It allowed us to ensure control of errors and contradictions in expert judgments involved in the preparation of initial data of unmeasurable or hardly measurable techno-economic indicators of GTS. Due to the higher level of formalization of the process of quantifying the technical level and the application of mathematical methods used in modern decision theory, the developed methodological approach serves to improve the quality of calculations significantly and to reduce the influence of the subjective factor in determining the value of the technical level indicator. Based on the above, we developed a method for quantitative assessment of the GTS technical level that meets the modern requirements.
Influence of nanomodifiers on the properties of carbon composites
Authors:   Oles Honchar National University of Dnipro, Dnipro, Ukraine, Man'ko T.A. , Gusarova I.A. ,   Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine, Potapov O.M. ,   Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine, Solodkii Ye.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The properties of carbon composites depend on the interaction at the “filler-matrix” phase boundary. One of the most effective ways to increase interphase adhesion is the introduction of modifying nanoadditives into the matrix. By reinforcing the matrix, the mechanical properties of the carbon composite can be improved.We conducted the analysis of various nanomodifiers of the nanocarbon family, which includes fullerenes, nanotubes, graphenes, and nanodiamonds. Unique characteristics combined with moderate cost price and commercial availability distinguish well nanodiamonds from other nanoparticles. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of modifying the HUNTSMAN epoxy binder with nanodiamonds having a small and uniform size, a spherical particle shape, and an accessible outer surface. We present the technology of introducing nanodiamonds into an epoxy binder and manufacturing of carbon composites on its basis. Nanodiamonds were introduced into the light-flow solvent tetrahydrofuran under the influence of ultrasound providing a good dispersing medium. To determine the optimal content of nanomodifiers, allowing to increase interfacial adhesion, a multi-component epoxy binder HUNTSMAN based on Araldite LY556 resin, Aradur 917 hardener, and Accelerator DY 070 accelerator was investigated with nanodiamonds content of 0.26, 0.52, 2.6, 5.2, and 10.4 wt. %. We found that the introduction of nanodiamonds in an amount of 2.6 wt. % allows us to increase the hardness of materials up to 50 %. We show that introducing a minimum amount of nanomodifiers, containing up to 0.26 wt. %, into the epoxy binder gives a maximum increase in the strength characteristics of nanomodified carbon composites up to 18 %. The work was carried out under the Horizon-2020 grant agreement.
Features of the design of structures in the conditions of Mars
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bilyk А.S. , Hrebenieva I.V. ,   Ukrainian Scientific Research Center for Analyses of Anomalies "Zond" (SRCAA "Zond"), National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the basic physical parameters and climatic features of Mars as a possible site for the construction of the first stationary research mission. They are the main factors of influence in the development of building structures for this planet. The analysis includes existing project proposals for buildings on Mars and effective means of protecting them against the negative impact of the environment, taking into account the experience of construction in complicated conditions on Earth. The detailed analysis of data allowed us to determine the parameters for the choice of location for building a colony. The parameters include soil composition, climatic indicators, terrain, level of cosmic radiation, methane fluctuations places, the equator zone, promising places for research, and successful landing places of the previous missions. Based on this, we justified the choice of the building complex location, which is the decisive factor for construction. An important aspect is also the determination of the planet colonization stages and the building requirements based on the needs of the colony. A project proposal has been developed for the second stage of planetary colonization. A colony is a quasi-closed system with its own “life cycle”, consuming only its own resources and available resources of the planet. The viability parameters of the project determine the full colony “life cycle”. We propose the hierarchical system of functions of the research mission complex. It includes five main functions: research, transport, residential, production, and recycling. The principle of hierarchy is used for the development of functional parameters of premises and the determination of links between them. In general, three blocks can be distinguished: residential, scientific, technical, and warehouse, which is organically interconnected. The system of functions is maximally optimized for human needs in Martian conditions and is designed to integrate artificial intelligence into the colony. However, the problems considered in the article are only a part of a wide range of technical, transport, financial, and other tasks that make up the range of issues of Mars development.
Study of methodological basis of strategizing of social and economic development
Authors: Kozyrev A. A.
Published: December 2020

Strategizing is a dynamically developing trend of contemporary research and an autonomous branch of economic knowledge in the professional sphere. The methodological basis of the research in this field is the study of Vladimir L. Kvint and his scientific school of strategizing. The theory and practice of strategizing are the focal point of the representatives of this scientific school. Development of a strategy starts with analyzing forecasts and examining the inner and the outer environment of the object of strategizing. The peculiar feature of strategizing methodology is applying of the OTSW-analysis method. Strategizing methodology involves strategic systematization, categorization and classification of national and regional objects of strategizing. Strategizing of new regions and objects requires research in national and regional strategies, scientific and innovative, economic and financial, environmental strategies of economic sectors (sectoral, educational, cultural), corporate strategies. The rapidly developing branch of economic studies requires new approaches to teaching theory and practice of strategizing to schoolchildren, bachelor students, master students and postgraduates as well as to young researchers. Development of theory and methodology of strategizing establishes new effective approaches to managerial decision-making, transforms classical methods of economic analysis. Methodology of strategizing has proved to be extremely successful and useful in many countries when applied for developing and modernizing national, regional and corporate strategies.
Assessment of forecast parameters of the volume of investment in the fixed capital in the region
Authors: Nizamutdinov M. M. , Oreshnikov V. V.
Published: December 2020

The authors study the problems of the quality of government agencies’ forecasts for social and economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. They point out that the volumes of investment in the fixed capital is one of the most important indicators by which it is possible to judge about the current state of economics as well as about the prospects for its development. On the one hand, the study is considered to be of extreme topicality due to the risks of development of negative process in investment activity in the country which are caused by global factors. On the other hand, it is necessary to point out that the role of forecasting as the element of regional development management is growing under the present conditions. The purpose of the study is to assess the quality of forecast for the volumes of investment in fixed capital and the indicators connected with it at the regional level. The approach suggested has been tested while analyzing the data on the Republic of Bashkortostan. To achieve the objective, the authors made statistical analysis for revealing contradictions in the indicators’ dynamics; examined the pace of growth of investment in current and comparable prices; made comparison with the region’s GRP dynamics, enterprises’ profit, parameters of development of construction industry; calculated the return of capital. They employed structural analysis method, dynamics’ analysis. Moreover, the authors estimated the conformity of the forecast with the strategic planning of regional and federal levels. They disclosed contradictions which decrease the quality of the forecast and dispute the effect of the measures taken in accordance with it. The scientific novelty of the approach suggested lies in implementation of complex view on assessment of quality of such documents by means of analyzing the conformity of dynamics for interrelated indicators. The results of the research can be used to discover the drawbacks in the existing forecast system. These drawbacks ought to be eliminated to raise the efficiency of the entire state management system.
Justification of a new paradigm of interaction between human capital and economic growth in the innovative economy
Authors: Alpeeva E. A. , Okunkova E. A.
Published: December 2020

. Human capital theory serves as the scientific basis for development of innovative economics. It is human capital that determines the maintenance of quality parameters of economic growth providing for efficient development of economics of modern states. The purpose of the authors is to justify theoretical and methodological expositions of human capital management in the innovative economics. The latter is regarded as an economic system based on the innovative activity of the business entities and individuals, on the permanent technological enhancement. Such an economic system is developing due to on-going generation of new knowledge. The authors present the results of their copyright study of genesis of system human capital paradigm of innovative economics as a research concept which implements and concretizes a holistic approach to revealing the patterns and causal relationships within the system of human capital of innovative development. The method of the study is based on using monographic method, statistical methods, charts, tables, graphs and other means to visualize the findings. As a result, the authors ascertain the shift in the economic science from classical understanding of how economic growth is impacted by education in innovative economics to considering economic growth as the main driver for development of education. The authors adduce the results of statistical analysis of interrelation between the volumes of technological innovation expenditures, the aggregate level of organizations’ innovative activity and the index of human development on the international level. By means of nonparametric methods the authors discover that the development of human capital, educational potential and the level of innovation development in the regions of Russia are moderately interrelated. The authors come to the conclusion that Russian economics is unique in comparison with other countries due to the combination of the high level of human capital development and low pace of economic and innovative development. As a result, they have found out that, considered as part of human capital management providing for innovative development, investments in education can be more efficient only if science, education and business integrate to train their employees within the context of the new paradigm of interrelation between human capital and economic growth in innovative economics in which investment in innovation and technology is regarded as the main driver of development of education.
Implementation of the new resource saving technology in manufacturing process
Authors: Kolotyrin K. P. , Bogatyryov S. A. , Rudik F. Ya.
Published: December 2020

The authors of the article justify the expediency of applying resource saving in developing innovative technologies for hot rolling of boning knife blades from steel slabs. Such knives are widely used in meat processing industry. Metal consumption of the process was significantly reduced after changing the existing factory technology of making boning knives. The operation of cutting or grinding was replaced by hot rolling. The specific feature of the technology lies in minimizing the metal loss into shavings during the final processing of the steel slab by means of cutting. Reducing metal loss in making such steel parts and raising metal utilization rate are achieved by maximum possible approximation of forging configuration to the end product contour and preservation of the allowances regulated by the operational chart. The authors suggest optimal combinations of basic parameters of introduction of resource saving technology into production. To adduce an example the authors justify the possibility of shaping and simultaneous hardening of the knife blade during hot rolling between deforming rollers. Energy intensity of the technology suggested is lowered by means of reducing the time for further mechanic processing of the forging by cutting. Practical approbation of the introduced resource saving technology in repair production made it possible to raise the metal utilization rate to 95% and to reduce by 1.2 the production cost of a boning knife as the end product. When manufacturing the parts metal resources are saved due to the fact that irreversible loss of metal in the innovative technology of the boning knives’ production differs a lot from that in the traditional one. Technical and economic calculations adduced in the article show the effectiveness of the research and prove the profit of implementation of the new technology
Enhancing global competitiveness and developing industry engagement practices
Authors: Sandler D. G. , Evsykova I. A. , Bogantseva S. S. , Sterkhov A. V.
Published: December 2020

A question that often arises in expert discussions on how to combine the aspirations of universities for international competitiveness, and the development of partnerships with enterprises that need specific employees and developments.

The hypothesis of our research is that there are options for strategies which can lead to achievement both of the above goals. The research is devoted to the practices of two universities (Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin (UrFU) and the National Research Technological University "MISiS"), participants of the "5-100" project, in which, as the four stages of the Competitiveness Improvement Program are implemented (hereinafter PPK), there was a strengthening of global positions, as well as the development of cooperation with industry. This development is reflected in the texts of the roadmaps (hereinafter referred to as the DC), the dynamics of absolute and specific indicators, and the variety of forms of such interaction, including marketing strategies and strategic initiatives.

To study this issue, a historical comparative content analysis of the changes in the DC of two universities was carried out, with an emphasis on the dynamics of changes in target models, especially the nature of reference groups and the practice of interacting with enterprises. Given the possibility of comparison, four elements of the university’s target model were selected for analysis: reference groups, missions, marketing strategies in key markets, changes in the composition of key initiatives.
Theoretical and practical aspects of assessment of innovative activity in oil and gas enterprises
Authors: Rybin M. V. , Lobov D. S.
Published: December 2020

Analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of assessment of innovative activity at national and foreign oil and gas enterprises revealed the necessity of improvement of the existing tools which include the lists of key indicators of efficiency and performance applied within the innovative development programs of the Russian companies. Thereby the authors analyzed national and foreign research paying the most serious attention to theoretical aspects of innovative activity assessment. Among them of greatest interest is the complex approach to application of metrics in scientific and technical development of a company. The authors have also studied the conceptual apparatus and the main terms for the problems under consideration. As a result, the research confirmed the idea that the practice of applying the lists of key indicators of innovative activity in oil and gas industry does not coincide with the results of academic works and the innovative management theory: the current methods are primarily aimed at assessment of the results of innovative activity, several stages of the life cycle of creation of innovation are not subject to monitoring. At the same time lists of key indicators of innovative activity make it possible for the company’s management to estimate economic and resource effects of innovations which corresponds to strategic interests of oil and gas companies.

Lists of indicators of efficiency and performance of innovative activity can be improved by means of national and foreign research. It is important to involve more metrics which make it possible to monitor all the life cycle of creation and implementation of innovative solutions.

The results of the study can be used as the basis for further research on improvement and development of the lists of key indicators of innovative activity of oil and gas companies.
Perspectives of using renewable power sources in Tambov region for maintaining energy security
Authors: Kondrakov O. V. , Kondrakov I. V.
Published: December 2020

The authors of the article examine the possibilities of using alternative energy in Tambov region. Natural resources are the main power sources for both production process and human activity. Since hydrocarbon energy sources are not inexhaustible scientists all over the world are searching for new technologies for exploiting renewable power sources. The authors have studied the basic tendencies of Russia energy policy concerning the use of renewable power sources. According to “Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030” the share of renewable power sources will be increased and local fuel resources will be used in the regions. It is essential to define the opportunities and perspectives of using renewable power sources in Tambov region. The research involves analysis of actinometric and meteorological data in Tambov region. To ground the perspective of using solar energy based power sources the authors estimated the following updating criteria: total solar radiation, daylight hours, average monthly daylight irradiance, average annual and average monthly wind speed. The necessity of using alternative energy in Tambov region is explained by the pace of development of agricultural sector of economy. As a result there is a lot of agricultural waste (straw, grass, manure, sunflower husk, corn stalks, potato tops, bird droppings) which is the main source for bioenergy. To show the benefit of the measures taken the authors have conducted the SWOT-analysis of perspective use of renewable power sources in Tambov region.

The study conducted demonstrates the expediency of using renewable power sources to solve the tasks of environmental and energy security
Dünya Ekonomisinde Turizm ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Bir Eş-Bütünleşme Analizi (2005-2017)
Authors: GABERLİ Ümit , CAN Yağmur
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2005-2017 döneminde dünya geneli (124) başta olmak üzere farklı gelir gruplarında yüksek (46), yüksek orta (36), düşük orta (30) ve düşük gelirli (12) ülkeler için uluslararası turizm gelirlerinin toplam ihracattaki payı ile ekonomik büyüme oranları arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığını ampirik olarak araştırmaktır. Veriler Dünya Bankası istatistiklerinden alınmıştır. Söz konusu dönemin seçilme nedeni, dünya genelinde analiz amaçlandığından, verilerin eksiksiz ve ülke sayısının en fazla olduğu dönem olmasıdır. Panel Eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirilen analiz sonuçları dünya genelinde turizm ile büyüme arasında uzun dönemli ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Fakat ülkeler gelir gruplarına göre sınıflandırılıp, analiz tekrarlandığında yüksek ve düşük gelir grubu ülkeler için uzun dönemli ilişki bulunamazken, orta gelir grubu ülkeler için uzun dönemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, turizm – büyüme ilişkisinde ülkelerin gelir düzeyinin belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir.
Tarımsal Üretimin Krizine Karşı Kırsal Turizmin Bir Alternatif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Muğla İli Örneği
Authors: TUNA Muammer
Published: December 2020

Bölgesel ya da aynı bölge içinde kalkınmışlık farklarının ortadan kaldırılması son derece önemli bir sosyo-ekonomik sorundur. Türkiye’de de batı bölgeleri ile diğer bölgeleri arasında kalkınmışlık farkları dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak, aynı il içinde de farklı ilçelerde kalkınmışlık farkları görülebilmekte olup, bu farkın en yoğun olarak görüldüğü illerden birisi de Muğla’dır. Muğla’nın kıyı ilçeleri ile iç ilçeleri arasında ciddi kalkınmışlık farkları vardır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu makalede, Muğla’nın kıyı ilçeleri ile iç/kırsal ilçeleri arasındaki kalkınmışlık farkı ve bu farkı ortadan kaldırılması için kırsal turizmin bir alternatif kalkınma stratejisi olup olamayacağı tartışılmıştır. Makalenin dayandığı araştırma, Muğla İli’nin iç bölgelerinde yer alan doğal, kültürel, tarihsel değerlerinin ortaya konularak kırsal kalkınma/kırsal turizm açısından bir potansiyel taşıyıp taşımadığının belirlenmesini hedeflemekte olup GEKA (Güney Ege Kalkınma Ajansı) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Sosyolojik bir alan araştırması olan araştırmada nicel ve nitel araştırma stratejileri kullanılmıştır.
Kentsel Ekoturizm: Arka Plandaki Aktörler ve Başarı Örnekleri
Authors: BAYKAL Füsun , ATABERK Emre , ALPARSLAN Hayriye
Published: December 2020

Bu makalenin konusu, kentsel ekoturizm ve onun arka planında etkili olan aktörler ile dünyadaki başarı örneklerinden oluşmaktadır. Konunun ana problemi; ekoturizmin kentte nasıl uygulandığı sorusuna dayanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı da bu sorudan yola çıkarak kentsel ekoturizmi derinlemesine araştırmak, üstünlük ve yararlarına değinmek, ayrıca bazı uygulama örneklerini vermektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle hazırlanan bu çalışmanın yaklaşımı; bir mevcut durum saptaması, bir eylem araştırması, aynı zamanda turizm coğrafyası kapsamında gerçekleştirilen bir tematik derleme özelliği taşıdığı için çok yönlüdür. Derleme tekniği olarak kaynak taramasına gidilmiş, Türkçe, İngilizce ve Fransızca dillerindeki basılı ve web tabanlı alanyazından yararlanılmıştır. Kuramsala ait başlıklar altında kentsel ekoturizme atıflar yapılarak ilişki kurulmuştur. Sonuç olarak kentsel ekoturizm; uygulanmasında birtakım zorluklara sahip olsa da kente korumacı yeni çekicilikler katması, kent turizmine yeni açılımlar getirmesi, kentin ekolojik değerlerine sahip çıkılması, kent halkının yaşam kalitesine olumlu etkilerinin olması ve ekoturistlerin de beklentilerini karşılaması açısından dünyada kabul görmeye devam edecektir.
Transnational Organized Crime in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Aliyev Nazim , Borbat Andrey
Published: December 2020

The authors analyze versatile manifestations of globalization, the internationalization of the global community development in the modern technogenic conditions, and conclude that these processes lead not only to positive, but, unfortunately, also to negative consequences. Specifically, they focus on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the heterogeneous structure of the so-called transnational organized crime. It is claimed that the most dangerous of them are cybercrimes, drug-related crimes, and human trafficking, which became the object of theoretical and empirical research. The study of international and national materials made it possible to apply a multi-aspect approach to the analysis of the normative basis and statistical data in this sphere. The authors identify the trends and regularities in the development of modern drug-related crimes in the plain of global and local socio-political, economic and legal phenomena; they also identify the priorities for the work of government bodies, including law enforcement agencies, aimed at counteracting these crimes. For cybercrimes, the authors outline the scope of the most dangerous types of illegal activities against national and economic security of states, against the rights and freedoms of their citizens; primarily, they single out the spread of terrorist threats, fraud related to financial and commercial information, personal data, etc. They analyze the clauses of the basic international normative legal act on counteracting cybercrime - the Budapest Convention of the Council of Europe - and pay special attention to the differentiation of crimes while taking into account this type of illegal activity, as well as the enforcement of the Convention in modern conditions. The essence of international terrorism is determined based on the statistical data and their correlation in one or another state; ideologically radical worldviews, separatism, personal ambitions of modern elites are recognized to be key prerequisites for this work. It is claimed that, as a type of transnational crime, global human trafficking is rather dangerous for modern society because of its considerable latency; its manifestations are described, it is also noted that a complex of preventive measures should be implemented at the international and national levels. The authors conclude that transnational crime is an urbanized deeply interconnected phenomenon that does not exist in a pure form and requires highly coordinated large-scale actions from the global and the national communities, as well as adequate professional training of law enforcement employees.
Some Aspects of Using the Concept of «the Internet of Things» in Crime Counteraction
Authors: Smuskin Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

The author states that the era of the Internet of Things has come. It is noted that Russian law publications do not pay sufficient attention to the practical issues of law enforcement that arise from the implementation of the Internet of Things, specifically, criminalistic research and the use of smart things by law enforcement bodies. This study a first attempt at a general criminalistic analysis of implementing the concept of the Internet of Things in Russian research publications. While analyzing the practical implementation of this concept, the author concludes that it is necessary not just to single out a smart house, a smart car or smart things as different categories, but to unite them into a system of smart environment. It is noted that the elements of the public sphere of application for the Internet of Things deserve separate studies, while this article will only focus on everyday application. Modern obstacles to a large-scale implementation of the Internet of Things are identified. The criminalistic research of the Internet of Things and smart environment makes it possible to identify key systems that modern appliances form in this sphere, requirements to them, subsystems of a smart house, functions of smart cars and gadgets. It is stated that the criminalistic research of the subsystems of smart environment is possible with the help of scientific criminalistic findings in the sphere of electronic digital traces and electronic evidence. Key points of finding these traces are identified. The author methodically analyzes the kinds of criminalistically relevant information that could be obtained through the examination of sensors and the memory of smart things, a smart car and a smart house. The author also determines the functions whose analysis is vital for collecting evidentiary and orientation information. It is stated that all information from sensors and information devices is, in the end, accumulated in the management center, as well as in cloud and network services servers that work with the Internet of Things. It is stressed that all interactions with electronic digital traces in the devices that implement the concept of the Internet of Things should happen with the participation of a specialist to avoid a loss of data.
Topical Issues of Improving Criminal Law Measures Against Kidnapping, Illegal Imprisonment, Human Trafficking and the Use of Slave Labor
Authors: Taranenko Vladimir , Kharitonov Stanislav , Reshnyak Maria , Borisov Sergey
Published: December 2020

This research is aimed at identifying the problems of the regulation and enforcement of current criminal law norms for counteracting such crimes against human freedom as kidnapping, illegal imprisonment, human trafficking and the use of slave labor, as well as at working out suggestions on solving these problems. The sphere of the research is public relations that emerge in connection with the development and enforcement of criminal law norms on liability for these infringements on personal freedom. The object of research is a number of problems in legislation, theory and practice whose analysis will make it possible to gain an integral and detailed understanding of historical and social prerequisites, trends and directions of the development of the institute of criminal liability for crimes against personal freedom. The authors analyze the clarifications of the plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation included in the decree «On Court Practice for Cases of Kidnapping, Illegal Imprisonment and Human Trafficking» of December 24, 2019 № 58, the published practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation on criminal cases of the above-mentioned crimes against personal freedom, as well as the official statistical information of the Court Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on convictions for such crimes. The methodological basis of this research comprises both general and special research methods, including the specific-sociological and comparative legal ones. The complex research of the problems of liability for crimes against personal freedom is used as a basis for formulating and validating specific suggestions on improving criminal law norms on liability for such infringements and the practice of their enforcement. Specifically, the article contains recommendations on determining the moment when crimes against freedom end, on their delineation, as well as on solving other complex problems of qualification for these crimes within the scope of one or several Articles of Chapter 17 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Neutralizing the Hostile Speech of the Interrogated Person as a Measure of Tactical-Psychological Support of Crime Counteraction
Authors: Bayanov Aleksandr , Lebedev Nikolay , Lebedeva Yulia
Published: December 2020

The authors examine some issues arising in the situations when inquiry officers and investigators face hostile speech from interrogated persons during the pre-trial interrogations. The authors analyze research publications that present a variety of views on the concept of «hostile speech» in psychology and jurisprudence; they also identify the reasons why interrogated persons use such speech. It is stressed that when an inquiry officer or an interrogator faces such a reaction during the preliminary investigation, they should immediately neutralize hostile speech and eliminate its causes (the first group of tasks), preserve self-control (restraint) and ability to work (the second group of tasks), and choose the optimal line of behavior (line of interrogation). The authors justify the choice of the corresponding line of interrogation depending on the behavior of the interrogated person: in cases of hostile speech, the line of interrogation could be passive wait-and-see, i.e. without any reaction to the outbursts of the interrogated person if the aggression has objective causes, or active wait-and-see if there are no such causes. Additional mechanisms of counteracting hostile speech from an interrogated person or reducing its intensity, as well as preserving the self-control of the inquiry officer or an interrogator, include using different psychological methods of interrogation: shifting the gaze; activating the positive features of the interrogated person; blocking the negative content; silence; stopping or putting off the interrogation. Since targeted hostile speech leaves a strong trace in the mental state of the recipient and creates a high possibility of conflict between the participants of preliminary investigation, an inquiry officer or an interrogator should learn to control their verbal and non-verbal reactions. The authors stress the necessity of developing self-control through special exercises because it is very important for an interrogator to develop an ability to regulate their own emotional state, manifested in the ability to concentrate, sustain and switch volitional attention though the creation of mental images.
Direct-lysis Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Detection v2
Authors: Alarcon Suzie , Dose Hannah , Arturo Hernandez not provided , Kyle Tanguay not provided , Wilson Stephen
Published: December 2020

A One-Step RT-qPCR assay based on the CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel has been developed which can effectively detect SARS-CoV-2 particles from saliva samples which undergo both heat inactivation and direct lysis with detergent, eliminating the need to extract RNA Assay has been automated on the Beckman BiomekFXpliquid handler Heat inactivation of virus in saliva does not impact assay results and reduces overall risk 6ul Low Volume reaction allows for high-throughput screening at reduced cost
Eş‘ariliğin Siyasal Tarihi Üzerine Kısa Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: UYSAL Ekrem
Published: December 2020

Ebû’l-Hasan el-Eş‘arî’nin (öl. 324/936) itikâdî alandaki görüşlerini benimseyenlerin zamanla oluşturdukları mezhebe Eş‘arîyye denilmektedir. Eş‘arîler Kur’ân ve Sünneti korumak amacıyla Allah’ın isim ve sıfatlarıyla başlayıp imâmet meselesiyle son bulan, zamanın ihtiyaçlarına göre genel ve eksiksiz bir kelâm yöntemi ortaya koymaya çalışmışlardır. Daha önce Ehl-i sünnet itikadını temsil eden Ebû Hanîfe (öl. 150/767), İmam Mâlik (öl. 179/795), İmam Şâfiî (öl. 204/820), Ahmed b. Hanbel (öl. 241/855) gibi şahsiyetler büyük hizmetler sunmakla birlikte, Eş‘arîliğin düşünce dünyasının oluşumunda İbn Küllâb (öl. 240/854), Hâris el-Muhâsibî (öl. 243/857), Ebû Ali el-Kerâbisî (öl. 248/862) ve Kalânîsî (öl. 255/869) gibi kişilerin katkısı da unutulmamalıdır. Genelde Eş‘arîlik; mütekaddimûn, müteahhirûn, cem‘ ve tahkik dönemi olmak üzere üç kısımda değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak bu mezhebi; kelâmî, felsefî ve akâid Eş‘arîliği şeklinde tasnif edenler de olmuştur. Bunun nedeni ise Eş‘arîliğin değişik dönemlerde farklı yönetimlerin resmi mezhebi olması, medreselerde okutulan akâid alanındaki müfredatın bu mezhebin kaynaklarına göre düzenlenmesi ve buna bağlı olarak muazzam bir külliyât ortaya konulmasıdır.
Fenotip equol-producer dan hubungannya dengan asupan isoflavon dan kesehatan
Authors: Herwana Elly
Published: December 2020

Distribusi penyakit osteoporosis, penyakit kardiovaskuler, dan kanker yang berbeda antara populasi Asia dan Kaukasia membawa pemikiran atas keterkaitannya dengan perbedaan variasi diet antara kedua populasi. Studi epidemiologi menunjukkan asupan isoflavon kedelai pada populasi Asia jauh lebih tinggi daripada populasi Kaukasia. Isoflavon disebut sebagai fitoestrogen  karena derivat isoflavon yaitu genistein, daidzein dan equol (metabolit daidzein) memiliki struktur molekul yang menyerupai  estrogen dan dapat berikatan pada reseptor estrogen sebagai agonis lemah. Terikatnya derivat isoflavon dengan reseptor estrogen akan memberikan efek menyerupai estrogen (estrogen like effect). Berbagai hasil penelitian menunjukkan asupan dan suplementasi isoflavon berperanan pada penyakit yang didasari oleh defisiensi hormon estrogen antara lain mengurangi gejala premenopausal, menghambat osteoporosis, dan memberikan efek proteksi terhadap kanker payudara dan prostat. Di antara derivat isoflavon yang ada equol menunjukkan efek estrogenik yang lebih tinggi daripada derivat isoflavon lainnya. Kemampuan individu untuk memprodukasi equol tidak sama, sehingga individu dapat dibedakan sebagai fenotip equol-producer dan non-equol-producer. Hasil studi juga mengindikasikan adanya keterkaitan antara efek isoflavon dengan fenotip equol-producer.
InnoChain: a Distributed Ledger for Industry with Formal Verification on all Implementation Levels
Authors: Kukharenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Ziborov Kirill Viktorovich , Sadykov Rafael Faritovich , Naumchev Alexandr Vladimirovich , Rezin Ruslan Maratovich , Merkin-Janson Leonid Albertovich
Published: December 2020

The extent of formal verification methods applied to industrial projects has always been limited. The proliferation of distributed ledger systems (DLS), also known as blockchain, is rapidly changing the situation. Since the main area of DLSs' application is the automation of financial transactions, the properties of predictability and reliability are critical for implementing such systems. The actual behavior of the DLS is determined by the chosen consensus protocol, which properties require strict specification and formal verification. Formal specification and verification of the consensus protocol is necessary but not sufficient. It is required to ensure that the software implementation of the DLS nodes complies with this protocol. The verified software implementation of the protocol must run on a fairly reliable operating system. The so-called “smart contracts”, which are an important part of the applied implementations of specific business processes based on DLSs, must be verifiable as well. In this paper, we describe an ongoing industrial project that will result in a DLS verified at least at the four technological levels described above. We then share our experience with the formal specification and verification of HotStuff, a leader-based fault-tolerant protocol that ensures reaching distributed consensus in the presence of Byzantine processes.
Quality of white Gurgutuba creole beans stored in silo bags and PET bottles
Authors: Magalhaes Valter Barbosa , De Sousa Adalberto Hipólito
Published: December 2020

Hermetic storage in silo bag has provided a viable alternative for farms. This study evaluates the use ofsilo bags as an alternative for storing creole beans. The experiment was conducted in the UFAC seedlaboratory. The beans were stored in silo bags for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days or in PET bottles, whichis the common practice. In the control treatment, PET bottles sealed with organza fabric were used.The experimental model was factorial CRD with subdivided plots and four replications, with the plots being storage conditions; and sub-plots, storage periods. The degree of infestation, moisture content, apparent specific mass, germination percentage and electrical conductivity were evaluated at 30 - day intervals. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) between storage types Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), then infestations occurred. Infestation using these bruchids was < 7% in the beans stored in the silo bag and PET bottle. For the control treatment, the degree of infestation was slightly higher (p < 0.05)with rates of > 90% after 120 days. The moisture content, specific mass, germination, and electrical conductivity of the beans stored in the silo bag and PET bottle preserved the characteristics analyzed over the 120-day period with the exception of control treatment. Storage in silo bags is an effective alternative for controlling infestation and maintaining quality, in terms of moisture content, specific mass, germination, and electrical conductivity, for up to 120 days.