bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge sharing through empowering leadership: the roles of psychological empowerment and learning goal orientation
Authors: Khatoon Areela , Rehman Saif Ur , Islam Talat , Ashraf Yasir
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Knowledge sharing has become necessary for organizations as it is a source of competitive advantage. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how empowering leadership through psychological empowerment encourages employees’ knowledge-sharing (KS) behavior. This study further explores the moderating role of learning goal orientation (LGO) between psychological empowerment and KS behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected data from 423 employees working in manufacturing and service organizations in two waves on convenience basis to tackle common method variance. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results revealed that empowering leadership helps employees modify their KS behavior both directly and indirectly in the presence of psychological empowerment. Moreover, individuals high in LGO are more likely to involve in KS behavior when psychologically empowered.

Research limitations/implications

This study used a cross-sectional design and suggests management focus on their working environment to enhance knowledge sharing among employees, which is possible through empowering leaders. The study further suggests management not ignore individual attributes during recruitment.

Originality/value

Drawing upon job characteristics model and social exchange theory, this study explores the mediating role of psychological empowerment between empowering leadership and KS behavior and the moderating role of LGO on the association between psychological empowerment and KS behavior.
Climate change framing in the communication of CSR policies: the Secil Group example
Authors: Melchiades Soares Andréia
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The cement industry's environmental implications place climate change at the centre of sector organisations' corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies, such as the Secil Group. The organisation's CSR policies definition, narrative framing and communication are fundamental, as they can affect its reputation. This article aims to highlight the climate change framing in the Secil Group sustainability report (SR) narrative.

Design/methodology/approach

The framing theory is applied to analyse the international and sectoral climate change regulatory measures and the Secil Group SR. Document analysis is used to characterise Secil SR as a communication tool. Qualitative content analysis is used to highlight how Secil and the international and sectoral regulatory measures on climate change frame their narrative and compare each other.

Findings

The international and sectoral regulatory measures on climate change and the Secil's SR broadly frame climate change, using ethical, efficiency and effectiveness, communication and relations and law and regulation framings. The Secil's Group SR also highlights the financial frame, exposing the challenge of reconciling economic with collective interests. There is room for researchers to explore the concepts of CSR, sustainability and environment, social and governance (ESG) through the lens of complementarity.

Originality/value

This study shows that the Wehmeier and Raaz (2012) model, created to study transparency, can be applied to other communication studies. This paper explores a case study and, for this reason, is not generalisable. Although, the method and theoretical framework can be applied to any organisation.
Health communication for behavior change: evolution of a marketing framework
Authors: Arora Sonal , Sagar Mahim
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to present a novel framework of “communication-led behavioral intention” in an effort to aid in the process of planning and coordinating social marketing campaigns on difficult subjects that go against social conventions, including the proper postnatal nutrition practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The study followed a quasi-experimental research design. Health communications (public service announcements) were shown to the women aged 18–65 years and responses were collected using a quantitative questionnaire. Structural equation modeling with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses was used to investigate the linkage between the factors that influence breastfeeding outcomes.

Findings

A strong positive impact of contextual communication was confirmed empirically on the behavioral intention to follow and recommend exclusive breastfeeding. Three communication-specific factors – “content quality,” “message clarity” and “belief in message” – were found to play a pivotal role in inducing the “behavioral intention.” These relationships were found to be mediated by “empathy” which is an emotional state experienced out of the respondent’s ability to sense the thoughts and feelings of the characters in the communication.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few attempts on measuring breastfeeding outcomes using theoretical constructs. The framework suggested in the study has a lot of potential in assisting practitioners and researchers to develop effective interventions on complex topics that challenge social norms. Further, this paper offers important insights on the women with limited decision-making capacity on breastfeeding and child care.
The effect of cigarette and e‐cigarette taxes on prescriptions for smoking cessation medications
Authors: Maclean Johanna Catherine , Khan Tamkeen , Tsipas Stavros , Pesko Michael F.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To test the effect of cigarette and e‐cigarette taxes on prescriptions for smoking cessation medications.

Data Source

Symphony Health, IDV all‐payer prescription claims data for the United States over the period 2009–2017. Prescription fills for smoking cessation products were provided at the patient's age, patient's sex, brand/generic, payment type, year, and quarter levels.

Study Design

We study the effect of state‐level cigarette and e‐cigarette tax rates on prescriptions for smoking cessation medications using two‐way fixed effect modified difference‐in‐differences regressions. We also use a multiperiod difference‐in‐differences estimator robust to bias from dynamic and heterogeneous treatment effects with a staggered policy rollout.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

We use fills for Chantix, Zyban, and their generics, as well as Food and Drug Administration‐approved nicotine replacement therapies that are paid for by insurance.

Principal Findings

We observe no statistically significant change in prescription fills following an increase in the e‐cigarette tax rate, though we are unable to rule out potentially large effects. However, following a $1.00 increase in the cigarette tax rate, we observe a 1052 increase in prescription fills per 100,000 adults (95% CI: 57, 2046; 4.2% increase). The effect of cigarette taxes on prescription fills was particularly large for 18–34 year‐olds.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that, during a period when e‐cigarettes are widely available, cigarette tax increases remain effective in increasing use of these medications, but e‐cigarette taxes do not increase use of these medications.
Rho 1 participates in parasitoid wasp eggs maturation and host cellular immunity inhibition
Authors: Wang Ruijuan , Lin Zhe , Zhou Lizhen , Chen Caihua , Yu Xianhao , Zhang Junjie , Zou Zhen , Lu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

Endoparasitoid wasps introduce venom into their host insects during the egg‐laying stage. Venom proteins play various roles in the host physiology, development, immunity, and behavior manipulation and regulation. In this study, we identified a venom protein, MmRho1, a small guanine nucleotide‐binding protein derived from ovary in the endoparasitoid waspMicroplitis mediatorand found that knockdown of its expression by RNA interference caused down‐regulation of vitellogenin and juvenile hormone, egg production, and cocoons formation in the female wasps. We demonstrated that MmRho1 entered the cotton bollworm's (host) hemocytes and suppressed cellular immune responses after parasitism using immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, wasp MmRho1 interacted with the cotton bollworm's actin cytoskeleton rearrangement regulator diaphanous by yeast 2‐hybrid and glutathione s‐transferase pull‐down. In conclusion, this study indicates that MmRho1 plays dual roles in wasp development and the suppression of the host insect cellular immune responses.
Post‐dialysis fatigue and serum S100B protein in patients on chronic hemodialysis. A pilot study
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Picca Anna , Marzetti Emanuele , Pepe Gilda , Antocicco Manuela , Di Stasio Enrico
Published: October 2022

Background

Aim of the present study was to assess whether post‐dialysis fatigue (PDF) may be related to pre‐ or post‐dialysis levels of serum S100B protein. Hemodialysis patients (HD) who answered to be fatigued after their hemodialysis sessions when asked: “Do you feel worse after dialysis? if they answered yes” were considered to suffer from PDF. Serum Interleukins (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10), TNF‐α and S100B were assessed by ELISA kit.

Results

Thirty HD patients were studied: 22 (73.4%) reported to suffer from PDF. Serum S100B post‐dialysis levels (median [IQR] = 17.4 μg [7.1 to 30.9]) were significantly higher than serum S100B pre‐dialysis levels (median [IQR] = 5 μg [1.4 to 22.1]; p = 0.0001). S100B post‐dialysis was significantly higher than S100B pre‐dialysis either in patients with PDF or without PDF.

Conclusions

Pre‐ and post‐dialysis values of serum S100B and its delta did not differ significantly between patients with and without PDF and were not associated with the length of the TIRD in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
V7 ENB‐guided thoracoscopic sublobectomy for stage IA synchronous multiple primary lung cancer
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Yu , Xue Mengchao , Wang Yueyao , Li Rongyang , Si Libo , Yue Weiming , Tian Hui
Published: October 2022

Background

An increasing number of patients are being diagnosed with synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC) with the popularization of lung cancer screening programs. However, a strategy for accurate location and suitable surgery therapy is still lacking. The present study aimed to explore the accuracy and feasibility of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)‐guided thoracoscopic sublobectomy for stage IA SMPLC.

Methods

Patients with SMPLC who underwent ENB‐guided sublobectomy from January 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled in this study. The analysis of localization accuracy of ENB and surgical outcome was conducted.

Results

Overall, 138 patients with 353 malignant nodules were enrolled. The tumor size was 0.7 cm (range from 0.5 to 1.1 cm). ENB localization was performed on 162 nodules, and a customized scoring system was developed to evaluate localization accuracy. The success rate of localization was 98.3% (178/181). Notably, localization accuracy was positively correlated with bronchial signs (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the distance from the nodule to the pleura (p = 0.02). All nodules were completely resected. Operation time, drainage volume on the third postoperative day, and catheter time were significantly correlated with the resected lesion numbers (p = 0.009, p = 0.004, and p = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

ENB‐guided uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic sublobectomy provides accurate preoperative localization and avoids unnecessary lung resection of patients with stage IA SMPLC. However, complete resection of multilocation nodules (more than four lesions) increases the risk of postoperative complications. A new combined treatment strategy for SMPLC should be explored.
Histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the southern white‐breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor)
Authors: Massoud Diaa , Bin‐Meferij Mashael M. , El‐Kott Attala F. , Abd El‐Maksoud Mona M. , Negm Sally
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate the major salivary glands in the southern white‐breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) histologically and histochemically. Five adult males were included in this study. The results showed that anatomically the shape of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of the Erinaceus concolor was respectively almost pear, elliptical to pyramidal and oval. Histologically, the parotid gland had serous acini and secretory cells showed negative reaction to alcian blue (AB) (pH = 2.5) and negative response to aldehyde fuchsin (AF), methylene blue (MB) and PAS stains. The submandibular gland was a mixed gland of mucous and serous acini. The mucous acini were strongly positive for PAS, AB, MB and AF. However, serous acini were week for PAS and negative against AB, MB and AF stains. The sublingual gland was purely composed of mucous acini. The mucous acini of the sublingual gland were strongly positives for PAS, AB and MB methods. While their reaction to the AF staining was negative. In conclusion, the histological and histochemical observations of the major salivary glands of the southern white‐breasted hedgehog (E. concolor) indicated that these glands shown similarities and some special different histochemical features as compared to other mammalian species.
Frequency of food allergy in Europe: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Spolidoro Giulia C. I. , Amera Yohannes Tesfaye , Ali Mohamed Mustafa , Nyassi Sungkutu , Lisik Daniil , Ioannidou Athina , Rovner Graciela , Khaleva Ekaterina , Venter Carina , van Ree Ronald , Worm Margitta , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Sheikh Aziz , Muraro Antonella , Roberts Graham , Nwaru Bright I.
Published: October 2022

Food allergy (FA) is increasingly reported in Europe, however, the latest prevalence estimates were based on studies published a decade ago. The present work provides the most updated estimates of the prevalence and trends of FA in Europe. Databases were searched for studies published between 2012 and 2021, added to studies published up to 2012. In total, 110 studies were included in this update. Most studies were graded as moderate risk of bias. Pooled lifetime and point prevalence of self‐reported FA were 19.9% (95% CI 16.6–23.3) and 13.1% (95% CI 11.3–14.8), respectively. The point prevalence of sensitization based on specific IgE (slgE) was 16.6% (95% CI 12.3–20.8), skin prick test (SPT) 5.7% (95% CI 3.9–7.4), and positive food challenge 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–0.9). While lifetime prevalence of self‐reported FA and food challenge positivity only slightly changed, the point prevalence of self‐reported FA, sIgE and SPT positivity increased from previous estimates. This may reflect a real increase, increased awareness, increased number of foods assessed, or increased number of studies from countries with less data in the first review. Future studies require rigorous designs and implementation of standardized methodology in diagnosing FA, including use of double‐blinded placebo‐controlled food challenge to minimize potential biases.
Scalp biomarkers during dupilumab treatment support Th2 pathway pathogenicity in alopecia areata
Authors: Renert‐Yuval Yael , Pavel Ana B. , Del Duca Ester , Facheris Paola , Pagan Angel D. , Bose Swaroop , Gómez‐Arias Pedro J. , Angelov Michael , Bares Jennifer , Chima Margo , Estrada Yeriel D. , Garcet Sandra , Lebwohl Mark G. , Krueger James G. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma
Published: October 2022

Background

The mechanisms driving alopecia areata (AA) are still unclear, hindering development of targeted therapeutics. Specific Th2 targeting with dupilumab in AA provides a unique opportunity to dissect its pathogenesis and explore the role of Th2 pathway.

Methods

We evaluated changes in scalp biomarkers in AA patients (with and without concomitant atopy) randomized to weekly dupilumab or placebo for 24 weeks, followed by open‐label dupilumab for 24 weeks. Changes in biomarker levels were measured at weeks 12, 24, and 48 and were also correlated with clinical hair regrowth.

Results

At week 24, preceding clinical hair regrowth outcomes, only dupilumab‐treated patients presented significant suppression of cellular infiltrates, and multiple Th2‐related, markers (CCL13/MCP‐4, CCL18/PARC, CCL26/eotaxin‐3, CCL24/Eotaxin‐2), coupled with significant upregulation in the hair keratins. Th1‐related suppression was evident later (week 48) when all patients received open‐label dupilumab. Results were more pronounced in atopic AA patients, that showed 48% and 97% improvements in the lesional AA scalp profile at weeks 24 and 48, respectively, while 2% worsening was seen in the placebo arm at week 24. Moreover, placebo‐treated patients presented 54% worsening in hair keratins when compared with baseline at week 24. At week 24, increases in hair keratins showed significant correlations only with decreases in Th2‐related markers.

Conclusions

Scalp biomarkers provide evidence of dupilumab efficacy in AA, detected even prior to clinical response, with exclusive correlations between early suppression of Th2 markers and increased hair keratins. These findings strengthen previous reports suggesting a possible role for Th2 cytokines as AA drivers.
Capture‐recapture
Authors: (CRYSTAL) BIRUK CAL
Published: October 2022

Capture‐recapture, a method devised for estimating wildlife population sizes using technologies like bird banding, has been repurposed for use with “rare and elusive” human populations. Capture‐recapture is implemented to count “key populations,” groups that constitute a small portion of the general population but are at high risk of HIV infection, including men who have sex with men. Drawing on ethnographic work in Malawi, I excavate mundane and oblique forms of capture (of labor, value, and viral material) and recapture (producing captive experimental populations) through which key populations come into being. Moving beyond the critical register of dehumanization (counting men as if they were animals) illuminates how efforts to count, care for, and keep track of key populations are mediated by relations of capture and elusion that are simultaneously predatory and capacitating, and entanglements that exceed the confines of a peculiar population‐size estimate method. [quantification, population, capture, global health, biopolitics, data, Malawi, Africa]
Investigating genetic variants in microRNA regulators of Neurokinin‐1 receptor in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Shaukat Zeeshan , Byard Roger W. , Vink Robert , Hussain Rashid , Ricos Michael G. , Dibbens Leanne M.
Published: October 2022

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs more often in male than in female infants, suggesting involvement of the X‐chromosome. Histopathological studies have suggested that altered expression of the Neurokinin‐1 receptor may also play a role in the pathogenesis of SIDS. It was hypothesised that genetic variants in three X‐chromosome‐encoded microRNA (miRNA/miR), known to down‐regulate expression of the Neurokinin‐1 receptor, may contribute to SIDS.

Aim

To identify sequence variants in the miRNAs within a study cohort (27 cases of SIDS and 28 controls) and determine if there was a difference in the frequencies in male and female SIDS infants.

Methods

Genomic DNA prepared from stored blood spots was amplified and sequenced to identify genetic variants in miR500A, miR500B and miR320D2.

Results

No novel variants in the miRNAs were identified in our study cohort. We identified one known single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in miR320D2: rs5907732 G/T, in both cases and controls. No significant difference in the SNP frequency was observed between male and female SIDS cases.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that sequence variants in three miRNAs do not contribute to the reported higher prevalence of SIDS in male infants and do not contribute to the pathogenesis of SIDS in our cohort.
Editorial: autoimmune hepatitis and metabolic syndrome‐associated disease development—an important question but only part of the answer?
Authors: Carroll Geraldine , Dyson Jessica Katharine
Published: October 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jalal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17191
Letter: comedication use and dementia risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease—authors' reply
Authors: Rønnow Sand Jakob , Troelsen Frederikke Schønfeldt , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Henderson Victor W. , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Erichsen Rune
Published: October 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rønnow Sand et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17119 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17234
Bach on the harbourfront: Geographies of the Toronto music garden
Authors: Kruse Robert
Published: October 2022

Located on the redeveloping waterfront of Canada's largest city, the Toronto Music Garden is a unique public garden inspired by the first of J. S. Bach's Six Suites for Unaccompanied Cello. Designed through a collaboration with cellist Yo‐Yo Ma and landscape designer Julie Moir Messervy, the garden attempts not to represent Bach or his music but to inscribe its essence on the landscape. Several lines of inquiry are pursued in this paper. First, it provides an overview of the geographies of gardens and the ways in which elements of garden design and music composition have influenced each other. Second, it reveals the creative process involved in translating the elements of one art form (music) to another (landscape design). Especially important to this process is Messervy's use of what she terms ‘archetypal’ landforms. Third, the Music Garden is analysed as an integral part of the lived landscape of Toronto's post‐industrial waterfront. Finally, the paper contends that the power and significance of the Toronto Music Garden lies in the interstices between the emotional geographies that informed the design and the resulting affective atmosphere experienced by a diversity of visitors. The methodology for this project includes open‐ended interviews, fieldwork, and archival research. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on the roles that the arts can play in the production and utilisation of distinctive public spaces.
Emancipatory archival methods: Exploring the historical geographies of disability
Authors: Crawford Laura
Published: October 2022

This paper focuses on the use of emancipatory research principles in archival research and contends with the suitability of academic conventions that characterise ethical practice when the research goal is to elevate the voices of marginalised historical groups. Drawing on a case study of Le Court Cheshire Home, England (1948–1975) to address a critical gap in the literature, I highlight some ethical dilemmas I encountered when working at the nexus of historical geography and geographies of disability. This paper demonstrates what an emancipatory research approach means for an archival study of disability, using examples to illustrate how ethical decisions impacted all stages of the research design and the write‐up of findings. I argue that ethics should not be envisaged solely as an approval process completed at the project's outset. Rather, the explorative nature of archival research necessitates that ethics should be an iterative undertaking, with archival sources having the potential to shape both the content and conduct of the research.
The unknowing expert: Talking to a man about supply chains
Authors: Brice Jeremy
Published: October 2022

‘Expert’ or ‘elite’ interviews are often taken to be occasions when an interviewee shares specialist knowledge with a researcher. Drawing on an interview with a supermarket food safety manager, this paper explores what geographers might make of moments when ‘expert’ interviewees turn out to know little about the matters under discussion. Arguing that such moments unsettle depictions of interviewees as passive providers of knowledge or calculating co‐constructors of interview accounts, it suggests that in challenging geographers' assumptions about expertise they can disclose new avenues of research and yield novel insights into the geographies of knowledge and the politics of accountability.
The role of non‐natural foods in the nutritional strategies of monkeys in a human‐modified mosaic landscape
Authors: Takahashi Maressa Q. , Rothman Jessica M. , Cords Marina
Published: October 2022

Many tropical animals inhabit mosaic landscapes including human‐modified habitat. In such landscapes, animals commonly adjust feeding behavior, and may incorporate non‐natural foods. These behavioral shifts can influence consumers' nutritional states, with implications for population persistence. However, few studies have addressed the nutritional role of non‐natural food. We examined nutritional ecology of wild blue monkeys to understand how dietary habits related to non‐natural foods might support population persistence in a mosaic landscape. We documented prevalence and nutritional composition of non‐natural foods in monkey diets to assess how habitat use influenced their consumption, and their contribution to nutritional strategies. While most energy and macronutrients came from natural foods, subjects focused non‐natural feeding activity on five exotic plants, and averaged about a third of daily calories from non‐natural foods. Most non‐natural food calories came from non‐structural carbohydrates and least from protein. Consumption of non‐natural foods related to time in human‐modified habitats, which two groups used non‐randomly. Non‐natural and natural foods were similar in nutrients, and the amount of non‐natural food consumed drove variation in nutritional strategy. When more daily calories came from non‐natural foods, females consumed a higher ratio of non‐protein energy to protein (NPE:P). Females also prioritized protein while allowing NPE:P to vary, increasing NPE while capitalizing on non‐natural foods. Overall, these tropical mammals achieved a similar nutrient balance regardless of their intake of non‐natural foods. Forest and forest‐adjacent areas with non‐natural vegetation may provide adequate nutrient access for consumers, and thus contribute to wildlife conservation in mosaic tropical landscapes.
Entrepreneurship as design: A design process for the emergence and development of entrepreneurial opportunities
Authors: Magistretti Stefano , Sanasi Silvia , Dell'Era Claudio , Ghezzi Antonio
Published: October 2022

Although firms constantly seek opportunities to launch new products, services, or business models, little is known about the way opportunities emerge and develop. In particular, despite current ontological and epistemological knowledge of entrepreneurial opportunities, the process that drives their emergence and development remains understudied. To enrich our understanding, we conduct an exploratory multiple‐case study of six design agencies that supported firms in developing their entrepreneurial endeavours by leveraging design sprint, a hybrid method combining design and entrepreneurship. A primary contribution of our study is the conceptualization of a process model illustrating how design (sprint) can support the emergence and development of entrepreneurial opportunities. The model advances four actions that enable translating insights into opportunities: defining, framing, experimenting, and learning. Our findings also offer interesting insights on the role of third‐party agents in this process. Indeed, design agencies can act as facilitators in enacting entrepreneurship as design by supporting the emergence and development of entrepreneurial opportunities. Our research also contributes to the debate on the timing of entrepreneurial endeavours, offering an empirical portrayal of their chronology. In this sense, our model also contributes to managerial practice, providing a sequence of actions that can guide the emergence and development of entrepreneurial opportunities.
Lead modification via computational studies: Synthesis of pyrazole‐containing β‐amino carbonyls for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nidhar Manisha , Kumar Vipin , Mahapatra Archisman , Gupta Priya , Yadav Priyanka , Sonker Priyanka , Kumar Akhilesh , Mishra Shweta , Singh Rahul Kumar , Tewari Ashish Kumar
Published: October 2022

This article describes studies on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrazole‐containing β‐amino carbonyl compounds (5a–5q) as DPP‐4 inhibitors and anti‐diabetic agents. In contrast, mannich reactions went smoothly with bismuth nitrate (Bi (NO3)3) catalyst in the presence of ethanol and produced pyrazole‐containing β‐amino carbonyl compounds in good yield. Molecular docking studies of designed derivatives with DPP‐4 enzyme (PDB: 2OLE), compounds 5d, 5h, 5j, and 5k showed excellent interaction. 3D QSAR and pharmacophoric model studies were also carried out. ADMET parameters, pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo toxicity studies further confirmed that all the designed compounds were found to have good bioavailability and were less toxic. Further, these compounds were evaluated as enzyme‐based in vitro DPP‐4 inhibitory activity, and 5d, 5h, 5i, 5j, and 5k exhibited IC50 toward DPP‐4 enzyme of 10.52, 10.41, 5.55, 4.16, and 7.5 nM, respectively. The most potent compound, 5j, was further selected for in vivo anti‐diabetic activity using an STZ‐induced diabetic mice model, and 5j showed a significant diabetic control effect.
Peer attachment and self‐esteem mediate the relationship between family function and social anxiety in migrant children in China
Authors: Ying Liuhua , Shuang Zhang , Jia Xuji
Published: October 2022

Background

Social anxiety is a frequently reported symptom in children and adolescents. The literature suggests that family function is related to symptoms of social anxiety in children. However, relatively little is known about the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between family function and social anxiety. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the roles of peer attachment and self‐esteem in the relationship between family function and social anxiety in a sample of migrant children in China.

Methods

A total of 437 participants (54.9% male; meanage = 10.87 years) were selected from two public schools of migrant children in two areas of Hangzhou and Jiaxing, the major labor‐importing cities in China, in May 2016. All participants completed four questionnaires assessing family function, peer attachment, self‐esteem, and social anxiety.

Results

The results showed that family function was bivariately and significantly related to symptoms of social anxiety. Additionally, self‐esteem fully mediated the relationship between family function and social anxiety peer attachment. Moreover, the relationship between family function and social anxiety was fully mediated by peer attachment and self‐esteem (in that order).

Conclusions

Peer attachment and self‐esteem serve as critical pathways linking family function and social anxiety. Thus, tailored interventions should consider the roles of peer attachment and self‐esteem to alleviate symptoms of social anxiety in migrant children.
A minimally invasive method for titanium mesh fixation with resorbable sutures in guided bone regeneration: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Songhang , Zhao Yuxuan , Tian Taoran , Zhang Tianxu , Xie Yu , Cai Xiaoxiao
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Titanium mesh has become a mainstream choice for guided bone regeneration (GBR) owing to its excellent space maintenance. However, the traditional fixation method using titanium screws impacts surgery efficiency and increases patient trauma. We report a novel method of fixing a titanium mesh using resorbable sutures. We assessed the feasibility of resorbable sutures for fixing a titanium mesh and whether it can serve as a stable, universal, and minimally invasive fixation method for a broader application of titanium meshes.

Methods

Patients undergoing GBR with a digital titanium mesh fixed using titanium screws (TS group) and resorbable sutures (RS group) were observed at different time points. The stability of the fixation methods was evaluated on parameters such as titanium mesh spatial displacement, bone augmentation, and bone resorption.

Results

A total of 36 patients were included in this study. The exposure rate of the titanium mesh in the TS group was 16.67%, while no exposure was noted in the RS group. There was no significant difference in the parameters of titanium mesh spatial displacement, bone augmentation, and bone resorption between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The use of resorbable sutures for fixing a titanium mesh can achieve similar results to traditional fixation using titanium screws. Although this new fixation method can improve the efficiency of the surgery and reduce the risk of complications, the long‐term clinical effects require further follow‐up investigation.
A realist review of programs for siblings of children who have an intellectual/developmental disability
Authors: Marquis Sandra , O'Leary Renee , Hayden Nikita K. , Baumbusch Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Objective

Our purpose is to answer the following question: What mechanisms or components of programs, groups, or interventions improve psychological and social aspects of the lives of siblings of children who have intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD)? Secondly, using a realist review format, we develop program theories and recommendations that can guide current and future sibling support programs.

Background

There is evidence that having a sibling with IDD can affect the physical health, behavior, and mental health of siblings who do not have IDD. As a result, support programs have been developed for these nondisabled siblings.

Methods

We conducted a realist review of 31 studies assessing support programs for siblings of children with IDD. Gray literature was also included. Applying the realist paradigm, we identified program contexts, mechanisms that promote program effectiveness, and the outcomes of the programs.

Results

We found that contextual information was often lacking in the research and no studies examined the effectiveness of individual program components. However, the mechanisms of validation of feelings and experiences, time with parents, and respite were observed as beneficial for the siblings. From our analysis and using a realist review paradigm, we developed four program theories that reflect the siblings' experiences in the various programs.

Conclusion

The four program theories derived from this realist review can be summarized as “I am not the only one,” “I have needs too,” “I need my parents' attention,” and “I need a break.”

Implications

Based upon the four theories, we offer recommendations to guide program development.
Contribution of Tibetan Plateau ecosystems to local and remote precipitation through moisture recycling
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Ru , Yang Kun , Liu Yanxu , Wang Shuai , Zhou Sha , Yang Zhao , Feng Xiaoming , He Chunyang , Xu Zhengjie , Zhao Wenwu
Published: October 2022

The ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) provide multiple important ecosystem services that benefit both local populations and those beyond, such as through climate regulation services on precipitation for East Asia and China. However, the precipitation regulation service of the TP ecosystems for supplying moisture and maintaining precipitation is yet to be evaluated. In this study, we used the moisture recycling framework and a moisture tracking model to quantify the precipitation regulation services of TP ecosystems for their contribution to precipitation. We found TP ecosystems contributed substantially to local and downwind precipitation, with a contribution of 221 mm/year for the TP and neighboring areas through evapotranspiration (ET) (104 mm/year through transpiration), declined to <10 mm/year for eastern China and other surrounding countries. Among ecosystem types, grassland contributed most to precipitation, followed by barren and snow lands, forests, and shrublands. In terms of seasonality, precipitation contribution from TP ecosystems was greater in summer months than in non‐summer months for western China, while the opposite was true for eastern China—although the magnitude was much smaller. Over the past two decades, the significant ET increases in TP translated to a widespread increase in precipitation contribution for TP and downwind beneficiary regions from 2000 to 2020. Our study provides a quantitative way to understand the precipitation regulation services of TP ecosystems through moisture recycling, substantiating their key role to maintain precipitation and the water cycle for downwind regions—effectively acting as an ecological safeguard that could be perceived by the public.
Toward a forest biomass reference measurement system for remote sensing applications
Authors: Labrière Nicolas , Davies Stuart J. , Disney Mathias I. , Duncanson Laura I. , Herold Martin , Lewis Simon L. , Phillips Oliver L. , Quegan Shaun , Saatchi Sassan S. , Schepaschenko Dmitry G. , Scipal Klaus , Sist Plinio , Chave Jérôme
Published: October 2022

Forests contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and uptake, but the extent to which this carbon pool varies in space and time is still poorly known. Several Earth Observation missions have been specifically designed to address this issue, for example, NASA's GEDI, NASA‐ISRO's NISAR and ESA's BIOMASS. Yet, all these missions' products require independent and consistent validation. A permanent, global, in situ, site‐based forest biomass reference measurement system relying on ground data of the highest possible quality is therefore needed. Here, we have assembled a list of almost 200 high‐quality sites through an in‐depth review of the literature and expert knowledge. In this study, we explore how representative these sites are in terms of their coverage of environmental conditions, geographical space and biomass‐related forest structure, compared to those experienced by forests worldwide. This work also aims at identifying which sites are the most representative, and where to invest to improve the representativeness of the proposed system. We show that the environmental coverage of the system does not seem to improve after at least the 175 most representative sites are included, but geographical and structural coverages continue to improve as more sites are added. We highlight the areas of poor environmental, geographical, or structural coverage, including, but not limited to, Canada, the western half of the USA, Mexico, Patagonia, Angola, Zambia, eastern Russia, and tropical and subtropical highlands (e.g. in Colombia, the Himalayas, Borneo, Papua). For the proposed system to succeed, we stress that (1) data must be collected and processed applying the same standards across all countries and continents; (2) system establishment and management must be inclusive and equitable, with careful consideration of working conditions; and (3) training and site partner involvement in downstream activities should be mandatory.
Simulated climate warming decreases fruit number but increases seed mass
Authors: Zi Hongbiao , Jing Xin , Liu Anrong , Fan Xiaomin , Chen Si‐Chong , Wang Hao , He Jin‐Sheng
Published: October 2022

Climate warming is changing plant sexual reproduction, having consequences for species distribution and community dynamics. However, the magnitude and direction of plant reproductive efforts (e.g., number of flowers) and success (e.g., number and mass of fruits or seeds) in response to warming have not been well‐characterized. Here, we generated a global dataset of simulated warming experiments, consisting of 477 pairwise comparisons for 164 terrestrial species. We found evidence that warming overall decreased fruit number and increased seed mass, but little evidence that warming influenced flower number, fruit mass, or seed number. The warming effects on seed mass were regulated by the pollination type, and insect‐pollinated plants exhibited a stronger response to warming than wind‐pollinated plants. We found strong evidence that warming increased the mass of seeds for the nondominant species but no evidence of this for the dominant species. There was no evidence that phylogenetic relatedness explained the effects of warming on plant reproductive effort and success. In addition, the effects of warming on flowering onset negatively related to the responses in terms of the number of fruits and seeds to warming, revealing a cascading effect of plant reproductive development. These findings provide the first quantification of the response of terrestrial plant sexual reproduction to warming and suggest that plants may increase their fitness by producing heavier seeds under a warming climate.
Non‐fitness status of peripheral NK cells defined by decreased NKp30 and perforin, and increased soluble B7H6, in cervical cancer patients
Authors: Gutierrez‐Silerio Gloria Yareli , Bueno‐Topete Miriam Ruth , Vega‐Magaña Alejandra Natali , Bastidas‐Ramirez Blanca Estela , Gutierrez‐Franco Jorge , Escarra‐Senmarti Marta , Pedraza‐Brindis Eliza Julia , Peña‐Rodriguez Marcela , Ramos‐Marquez Martha Eloisa , Delgado‐Rizo Vidal , Banu Nehla , Alejandre‐Gonzalez Alan Guillermo , Fafutis‐Morris Mary , Haramati Jesse , del Toro‐Arreola Susana
Published: October 2022

The NKp30 receptor is one of the three natural cytotoxic receptors reported in NK cells. This receptor is codified by the NCR3 gene, which encodes three isoforms, a consequence of the alternative splicing of exon 4. A greater expression of the three isoforms (A, B, and C), along with low levels of the NKp30 ligand B7H6, has been reported as a positive prognostic factor in different cancer types. Here, in patients with cervical cancer and precursor lesions, we report an altered immune‐phenotype, characterized by non‐fitness markers, that correlated with increased disease stage, from CIN 1 to FIGO IV. While overall NK cell numbers increased, loss of NKp30+ NK cells, especially in the CD56dim subpopulation, was found. Perforin levels were decreased in these cells. Decreased expression of the NKp30 C isoform and overexpression of soluble B7H6 was found in cervical cancer patients when compared against healthy subjects. PBMCs from healthy subjects downregulated NKp30 isoforms after co‐culture with B7H6‐expressing tumour cells. Taken together, these findings describe a unique down‐modulation or non‐fitness status of the immune response in cervical cancer, the understanding of which will be important for the design of novel immunotherapies against this disease.
The complement alternative pathway and hemostasis
Authors: Noris Marina , Galbusera Miriam
Published: October 2022

The complement and hemostatic systems are complex systems, and both involve enzymatic cascades, regulators, and cell components—platelets, endothelial cells, and immune cells. The two systems are ancestrally related and are defense mechanisms that limit infection by pathogens and halt bleeding at the site of vascular injury. Recent research has uncovered multiple functional interactions between complement and hemostasis. On one side, there are proteins considered as complement factors that activate hemostasis, and on the other side, there are coagulation proteins that modulate complement. In addition, complement and coagulation and their regulatory proteins strongly interact each other to modulate endothelial, platelet and leukocyte function and phenotype, creating a potentially devastating amplifying system that must be closely regulated to avoid unwanted damage and\or disseminated thrombosis. In view of its ability to amplify all complement activity through the C3b‐dependent amplification loop, the alternative pathway of complement may play a crucial role in this context. In this review, we will focus on available and emerging evidence on the role of the alternative pathway of complement in regulating hemostasis and vice‐versa, and on how dysregulation of either system can lead to severe thromboinflammatory events.
Synergy of Biostatistics and Epidemiology in Air Pollution Health Effects Studies
Authors: Dockery Douglas W.
Published: October 2022

The extraordinary advances in quantifying the health effects of ambient air pollution over the last five decades have led to dramatic improvement in air quality in the United States. This work has been possible through innovative epidemiologic study designs coupled with advanced statistical analytic methods. This paper presents a historical perspective on the coordinated developments of epidemiologic designs and statistical methods for air pollution health effects studies at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Climate risks and U.S. stock‐market tail risks: A forecasting experiment using over a century of data
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Pierdzioch Christian , Gupta Rangan , van Eyden Reneé
Published: October 2022

We examine the predictive value of the uncertainty associated with growth in temperature for stock‐market tail risk in the United States using monthly data that cover the sample period from 1895:02 to 2021:08. To this end, we measure stock‐market tail risk by means of the popular Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk (CAViaR) model. Our results show that accounting for the predictive value of the uncertainty associated with growth in temperature, as measured either by means of standard generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models or a stochastic‐volatility (SV) model, mainly is beneficial for a forecaster who suffers a sufficiently higher loss from an underestimation of tail risk than from a comparable overestimation.
Effect of waterlogging stress on grain nutritional quality and pod yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Zeng Ruier , Chen Tingting , Zhang Hui , Cao Jing , Li Xi , Wang Xinyue , Wang Ying , Yao Suzhe , Gao Yu , Chen Yong , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2022

To investigate the effects of waterlogging stress on grain nutritional quality and pod yield, peanut plants were waterlogged for 3 and 6 days at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after gynophores touched the ground in 2019 and 2020. Results revealed that compared with the control treatment, the oil and starch content in grain increased, while crude protein and soluble sugar content decreased under waterlogging. Waterlogging stress increased the unsaturated fatty acids content but decreased the saturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, non‐essential amino acids and total amino acids content. In addition, waterlogging stress decreased the total pod number per plant by 6.78%–49.33%, 100‐pod weight by 1.11%–14.08% and 100‐grain weight by 1.85%–16.41%, which caused a 34.33%–55.90% reduction in pod yield per plant. After the gynophore touched the ground for 7 days, waterlogging had a greater negative effect on grain nutritional quality, and longer waterlogging duration led to greater yield reduction. In summary, waterlogging stress caused peanut yield reduction and grain quality deterioration.
Effects of objective and subjective indicators of economic inequality on subjective well‐being: Underlying mechanisms
Authors: Vezzoli Michela , Valtorta Roberta Rosa , Mari Silvia , Durante Federica , Volpato Chiara
Published: October 2022

Much research found that economic inequality—the dispersion of incomes distribution among individuals in a society—affects subjective well‐being (SWB). As a meta‐analysis has shown, the association between economic inequality, commonly measured by the Gini index, and individuals' SWB is weak and not significant. Psychosocial research suggests that the situational perception, rather than objective reality, has a greater impact on individuals. Our aim was to investigate whether and how objective and subjective measures of economic inequality affect the subjective individuals' well‐being, both in its affective and cognitive components. A representative Italian sample (N = 1446, 51% women; average age = 42.42 years, SD = 12.87) answered an online survey. Multilevel regressions detected a negative and significant effect of the inequality perception on well‐being. In contrast, the Gini index showed no effect. Two psychological mechanisms explain the association between perceived inequality and well‐being: Perceived anger toward inequality and individuals' economic vulnerability. The parallel mediation models showed that the effect of perceived inequality is conveyed by cognitive (economic vulnerability) and emotional (anger) processing of inequality. Findings also highlighted the role of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.