bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Plano Nacional de Educação (2014-2024) ao Plano Estadual de Educação de Mato Grosso do Sul (2014-2024): a gestão democrática em questão
Authors: Oliveira Regina Tereza Cestari
Published: April 2017

Este artigo situa o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE 2014-2024), aprovado pela Lei n. 13.005, de 14 de junho de 2014, no âmbito de debates, disputas, tensões e contradições que estabelece, entre outros: os estados, o Distrito Federal e os municípios deverão aprovar leis específicas para os seus sistemas de ensino, disciplinando a gestão democrática da educação pública nas suas respectivas esferas de atuação e observando o prazo de dois anos, contado da publicação da mencionada Lei. Assim, focaliza a Meta 19 do PNE 2014-2024 pertinente à gestão democrática, e mostra como o Plano Estadual de Educação de Mato Grosso do Sul (PEE-MS 2014-2024), aprovado pela Lei n. 4.621, de 22 de dezembro de 2014 incorporou a referida meta, associada a critérios técnicos de mérito e desempenho, especialmente, para provimento do cargo de diretores e gestores escolares.
Message from Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshimi ,   Vice-President, Professor Dr., Faculty of Engineering, Chubu University
Published: April 2017

Our journal, the International Journal of Automation Technology, will soon be celebrating its 10th anniversary. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editorial committee members and, on behalf of the editorial committee, to the researchers for their kind cooperation in submitting their papers.

As I wrote in the preface to the first publication, the Journal focuses on advanced automation technologies, ranging from fundamental technologies to a variety of industrial applications, to meet various industrial and non-industrial needs. The Journal covers all manner of automation technologies in the areas of design, manufacturing, assembly, inspection, transportation, logistics, machine tools, robotic systems, control systems and instruments, etc. There are other journals that focus on automation specific to scientific and fundamental research, but there is no other journal that aims to publish engineering research findings and practical developments. Thus, the Journal provides a large number of practical examples of advanced automation technologies of interest to its readers. In addition, the Journal distinguishes itself by calling for papers under the specific themes, helping its readers to understand the current state of the art in each field.

I look forward to the further development of the International Journal of Automation Technology under the new Editor-in-Chief in the next decade.

Yoshimi Takeuchi

November 6, 2016
Ten years of International Journal of Automation Technology
Authors: Moriwaki Toshimichi ,   Director, Dr., Kobe City Industrial Promotion Foundation Professor Emeritus, Kobe University and Setsunan University
Published: April 2017

I would like to extend my sincere congratulation on the tenth anniversary of the International Journal of Automation Technology. The journal has been successfully publishing, for the last ten years, original scientific papers, review papers, technical papers, and technical notes as well as special issues on dedicated topics, all related to recent advancements in automation technology. I am most respectful to not only the editors and the publisher but also the contributors of the papers for their continued efforts. It is quite unique that the journal covers a wide spectrum of scientific and technical topics in the field of automation technology, including manufacturing systems, production planning, robotics, machine tools, control, manufacturing processes, metrology, etc.　The Journal has been contributing greatly to the engineers in various industries to improve their productivity and also to the scientists and researchers to conceive new ideas and to publish their research results.

If we look back on the developmental history of the machine tool, which is the key to manufacturing automation, it started as a manual machine and then evolved into a mechanized or powered machine tool, a numerically controlled machine tool, and then an intelligent machine tool. It is thus expected that information technology, including IoT, Industry 4.0, the handling of so called big data, and the intelligent control of machine tools and robots as well as advanced processing technologies will play important roles in advanced and automated manufacturing in the future.

I expect that the International Journal of Automation Technology will continue to be the major information source for the scientists and engineers who will create new values for manufacturing technologies in the future.

Toshimichi Moriwaki

November 6, 2016
A Novel Geometric Formula for Predicting Contractile Force in McKibben Pneumatic Muscles
Authors: Belforte Guido ,   Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Raparelli Terenziano , Sirolli Silvia Alessandra
Published: April 2017

Several analytical models exist in the literature for predicting the behavior of braided pneumatic muscles (McKibben muscles). Such models take into consideration the various variables and parameters that are related to the muscle geometry, material properties, and the loads applied to the system, and propose various relationships between these variables. Owing to the complexity of the muscle structure, in several cases, instead of a physical model, empirical or experimental models are used, which generally have limited validity for specific muscle types, i.e., they are only valid for a restricted range of operating parameters. This study proposes a new analytical formula based on the geometry of a pneumatic muscle studied in the rest and work phases and a simple experimental method to obtain corrective factors useful to design muscles. A mathematical formula can thus be obtained that allows one to deduce the measurements of interest in the system as a function of the specific parameters and permits one to interpret in qualitative terms the behavior of the muscle at each moment for various values of pressure, contraction, and applied load and to identify any critical situations. This model can therefore be a very useful design tool because it allows one to adapt the muscle geometry based on the required forces and contractions for different applications that are compatible with the muscle structure on which the model is based. This paper also presents a method for evaluating the efficiency of the muscles, useful to better use them in different applications.
Three-Dimensional Input System Employing Pinching Gestures for Robot Design
Authors: Hoshino Kiyoshi ,   University of Tsukuba, Hamamatsu Keita
Published: April 2017

Several studies of input interfaces capable of recognizing the gestures have been conducted but most of them use the user’s fingers to enter the position data. These finger-based input interfaces are difficult to provide a so-called click & drag function (as in a mouse) and some of them request for the user to take uncomfortable gestures. When people pinch any objects, however, basically their thumb and index finger come into contact with each other or separate them from each other. These pinching gestures provide superior benefits as the gestures, which may contribute to the input interfaces. This study proposes the method for detecting 3D finger positions and estimating 3D hand postures in pinching gestures based on information on depth images captured by a depth sensor, especially from the viewpoint of robot design. That produces benefits including button-clicking-like input operation by means of contact between the fingers; user’s comfortable gestures as in daily life; clicking action independent of input of positions and postures; and clear identification between ON and OFF. As the evaluation of the 3D input interface proposed here, the authors design real products with the system and a 3D printer, suggesting that the users can design precise and fine 3D objects with his/her comfortable daily gestures with highest usability.
Dos ejemplos de poesía satírica medieval alemana: ein altiu diu begunde springen de NeidHart von Reienthal e ich will gen diser vasennacht, del Liederbuch der Clara Hätzlerin
Authors: BALBUENA TOREZANO M. del Carmen
Published: April 2017

El presente trabajo se centra en la producción de las primeras manifestaciones de lírica satírica en lengua alemana. Se analiza el contenido de dos poemas, el primero de ellos de Neidhart von Reuenthal, autor de lírica amorosa pero también de un contenido mordaz e incisivo que arremete contra el campesinado. El segundo de los poemas, de autor no conocido, arremete igualmente contra la clase social baja, pero desde una perspectiva muy distinta.
La Restauración en Inglaterra y la poesía satírica: The Medal de John Dryden
Authors: VELLA RAMÍREZ Mercedes
Published: April 2017

Trabajo que lleva a cabo una breve revisión histórica del período de la Restauración, tratando de analizar la causa de la proliferación de poemas satíricos en Inglaterra. El ejemplo ofrecido es The Medal, de John Dryden, uno de los poemas más representativos de la época, dedicado a desprestigiar la figura del Conde de Shaftesbury, antiguo aliado de Carlos II, que decidió apoyar al Duque de Monmouth como sucesor al trono.
Gulliver's Travels (Libro III) La sátira y su traducción
Authors: LÓPEZ PÉREZ Magdalena
Published: April 2017

Jonathan Swift se caracteriza por sus abundantes escritos satíricos, entre los que se encuentra su obra más importante y reconocida, Gulliver’s Travels. Su estilo y lenguaje propios confieren a dicha obra una sólida unidad, mediante la cual consigue inducir al lector a la contradicción y convencerle de la historia, aún siendo evidente la imposibilidad natural del hecho que narra. Sin embargo, tales contradicciones satíricas no siempre son recogidas en las diversas traducciones que se han realizado de esta obra.
Lingüística textual y literatura
Authors: CAMPOS PLAZA Nicolás , CAMPOS MARTÍN Natalia
Published: April 2017

Trabajo que aborda la relación entre la Lingüística textual y la Literatura. Para ello, se analiza la estructura configuracional y secuencial de los textos según J.-M. Adam, así como el concepto de “texto” y la tipología de textos propuestos por P. Charaudeau.
Constantijn Huygens’ Pathodia Sacra et Profana. A Sentimental Journey
Authors: CASCIO Gandolfo
Published: April 2017

Constantijn Huygens (1596-1687) in 1620 traveled to Venice as a secretary of ambassador Van Aerssen: he was the only member of the legation who knew Italian. This visit to the Most Serene Republic has been extremely important to him, since he could experience the many natural and artistic wonders he had a mere abstract knowledge of. However, in his life the Dutch poet made a more interesting journey: an intellectual and sentimental one, writing his Pathodia sacra et profana. In this collection we have compositions written in Italian in the very fashionable style of Petrarch. In my essay, I will try to make an historic-philological analysis of this opus in order to establish how the original paradigm has been respected or violated, both in style as well as content.
Die Politeiai des Aristoteles und ihre Beziehung zu den Nomima Barbarika
Authors: DIETZE-MAGER Gertrud
Published: April 2017

Die Politeiai und die Nomima barbarika sind beides fragmentarische Werke des Aristoteles mit historischem Inhalt (die Dikaiomata, denen ein eigener Aufsatz gewidmet ist, sind ein drittes fragmentarisches Werk dieser Art). Es handelt sich um eine Sammlung von Verfassungen im Wesentlichen hellenischer Poleis und -bemerkenswerterweise- auch hellenischer ethne auf der einen, und eine Sammlung der Sitten barbarischer Völker auf der anderen Seite. Während aus den Politeiai in den Werken späterer Autoren hunderte von Fragmenten überliefert sind, besitzen wir nur eine Handvoll von Fragmenten aus den Nomima barbarika. Die Nachrichten über die Gesamtzahl der Politeiai liegen je nach Quelle weit auseinander und reichen von 158 bis 255. Der Aufsatz versucht eine Erklärung für diese bisher nicht untersuchte Tatsache anzubieten: es gibt Hinweise dahingehend, daß zu einem Zeitpunkt relativ bald nach dem Tod des Aristoteles eine gemeinsame Ausgabe der Politeiai und der Nomima barbarika in Umlauf war, während beide Sammlungen gleichzeitig auch getrennt zirkulierten. So wurden die Politeiai manchmal zusammengezählt mit den Nomima, was zu einer höheren Gesamtzahl, und im Laufe der Zeit zu einer Verwirrung hinsichtlich der beiden Sammlungen führte. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet auch die Frage nach Struktur und Inhalt der einzelnen Politeiai im Vergleich zu den Nomima barbarika.
Martínez Gázquez, José, The Attitude of the Medieval Latin Translators Towards the Arabic Sciences, (Micrologus’ Library, 75), Firenze: Sismel – Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2016, IX + 216 pp.
Authors: BONHOME PULIDO Lourdes
Published: April 2017

Review of:
Martínez Gázquez, José, The Attitude of the Medieval Latin Translators Towards the Arabic Sciences, (Micrologus’ Library, 75), Firenze: Sismel – Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2016, IX + 216 pp., ISBN 978-88-8450-694-8 (pbk)
Monferrer-Sala, Juan Pedro, Apocalipsis del Pseudo Atanasio [ApPsAr(ar) II], edición, traducción anotada y estudio, (Barcino Monographica Orientalia, 4), Barcelona: Institut del Pròxim Orient Antic (IPOA) – Universitat de Barcelona edicions, 2016, 221 pp.
Authors: BONHOME PULIDO Lourdes
Published: April 2017

Review of:
Monferrer-Sala, Juan Pedro, Apocalipsis del Pseudo Atanasio [ApPsAr(ar) II], edición, traducción anotada y estudio, (Barcino Monographica Orientalia, 4), Barcelona: Institut del Pròxim Orient Antic (IPOA) – Universitat de Barcelona edicions, 2016, 221 pp., ISBN 978-84-475-3967-3 (pbk)
Jack P. Cunningham and Mark Hocknull (eds.), Robert Grosseteste and the Pursuit of Religious and Scientific Learning in the Middle Ages, (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind, 18), Switzerland: Springer, 2016, 401 pp.
Authors: MARZOLF Hedwig
Published: April 2017

Analyse de:
Jack P. Cunningham and Mark Hocknull (eds.), Robert Grosseteste and the Pursuit of Religious and Scientific Learning in the Middle Ages, (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind, 18), Switzerland: Springer, 2016, 401 pp., ISBN 978-3-319-33468-0 (hbk), 978-3-319-33466-4 (e-book)
The MOOC Revolution – massive open online courses: the answer to problems facing education or an experiment that could destroy centuries of tradition.
Authors: Jewitt Katharine
Published: April 2017

Given the emerging nature of massive open online courses (MOOCs), this paper is a synthesis of critical reflections, commentaries and cautionary tales from a variety of perspectives, looking at the issues facing education and considering whether traditional teaching methods have outlived their usefulness.In times where educational institutions are facing financial cuts and student debt increases, some argue free university online courses will be the saviour of education, (Koller et al, 2013). Others argue they could destroy centuries of tradition and threaten some of the world's greatest universities (Vardi 2012).This paper, builds on the research by examining some of the phenomenal changes to technology enhanced learning, being brought about by new technologies and business. It summarises some of the key discourses around MOOCs, which continue to generate heated debates and divide opinions about their credibility, value and importance. I argue that any form of technology that drives engaging and tailored education, precisely to the needs of the individuals, coupled with opening up education to those that cannot afford it, has to be a viable alternative and make traditional, academic institutions question their offerings and respond.
PRODUÇÃO DE TEXTOS NA ESCOLA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE FORMAÇÃO COM PROFESSORES TIMORENSES
Authors: Guimarães Joice Eloi , Todescatto Cleusa
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma experiência de formação de professores e futuros professores de Timor-Leste. Nesse país, a língua portuguesa figura, desde 2002, como língua oficial, juntamente com a língua tétum. Desde então se tornou obrigatório seu ensino nos ambientes escolares. Contudo, muitos professores não dominam essa língua e, portanto, apresentam dificuldades em realizar sua prática pedagógica. Na formação realizada, apresentamos a metodologia de trabalho com a produção de textos a partir dos gêneros do discurso (BAKHTIN, 2011). Os dados coletados para a presente pesquisa são os enunciados produzidos pelos 21 participantes dessa formação. A metodologia utilizada para análise teve como referência a teoria do dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin. Com base nessa teoria, elegemos como categorias para análise os conceitos de estilo linear e estilo pictórico, componentes da apropriação e citação do discurso de outrem. Podemos afirmar que, ainda sem um conhecimento claro sobre o conceito de gêneros, provavelmente resquício de uma educação pautada na gramática da língua, foi possível aos cursistas a compreensão do tema trabalhado durante o curso. Nossa afirmação está pautada na utilização, pelos cursistas, do estilo pictórico para citar o discurso de outrem: os professores ministrantes do curso.
PONTUAÇÃO E CONSTITUIÇÃO DE SENTIDOS EM UM POEMA INÉDITO DE CASSIANO RICARDO
Authors: Silva Anderson Cristiano da , Puzzo Miriam Bauab
Published: April 2017

Esta pesquisa discute o uso dos sinais de pontuação, em especial no texto poético, bem como suas implicações quanto à constituição de sentidos. Nos poemas do livro Dexistência, última obra inédita de Cassiano Ricardo, chamou-nos atenção a presença peculiar da pontuação, inclusive barras em vários versos, em um número considerável. Para esta investigação, elegemos como aporte teórico a Análise Dialógica do Discurso, que tem sua base nas obras do Círculo bakhtiniano, dos quais destacamos Bakhtin/Voloshinov/Medviédev, com o intuito de observar as relações dialógicas e os efeitos de sentido que o poema selecionado sugere. O livro inédito editado recentemente Dexistência, último livro de Cassiano Ricardo, oferece material ainda pouco explorado para discutir essa questão. No entanto, como há uma quantidade considerável de exemplos, elegemos o poema Relógio de pulso como objeto de estudo no intuito de aprofundar as reflexões sobre esse tópico na perspectiva dialógica da linguagem. Por essa investigação preliminar, pode-se dizer que a pontuação, juntamente com outros recursos expressivos, exerce um papel decisivo na constituição de sentido do poema em questão, evidenciando um sujeito poético que parece clivado entre a vida e a morte, estabelecendo uma linha divisória entre o existir/desistir, em busca de unificação.
O PERCURSO CONCEPTUAL-TERMINOLÓGICO DE CURRÍCULO POR COMPETÊNCIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Demai Fernanda Mello
Published: April 2017

Currículo Escolar (em Educação Profissional Técnica) é definido como esquema teórico-metodológico que direciona o planejamento e o desenvolvimento de perfis profissionais e competências que atendam a objetivos de formação profissional, de acordo com as funções e demandas do mundo do trabalho e dos processos gerenciais e produtivos. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar aspectos da terminologização da área de Currículo em Educação Profissional Técnica, bem como algumas relações entre terminologização e neologia. A criação de termos nasce da necessidade de "colocação" do conceito técnico e ou científico em termo, ou seja: a terminologização. Propomos um estudo do engendramento dos conceitos contrários: organização curricular por competências e organização curricular por conteúdos isolados, na reconfiguração da política curricular de Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio que se deu a partir do paradigma dos anos 2000 no Brasil. Apresentamos também uma análise dos processos de terminologização que caracterizam alguns dos termos neológicos mais representativos da área, a exemplo de: currículo por competências; competências profissionais; bases tecnológicas. O corpus é constituído por textos legais e por textos institucionais brasileiros. Partimos de algumas abordagens teórico-metodológicas da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia, da Teoria Sociocognitiva da Terminologia, da Semântica Cognitiva e da Semântica Lexical.
A ONTOLOGIA DO FONEMA NA LINGUÍSTICA CONSTRUTURAL DE MATTOS (1931-2014) E BACK (1923-2003)
Authors: Beccari Alessandro Jocelito
Published: April 2017

A cidade de Curitiba foi um dos primeiros locais no Brasil onde a Linguística tornou-se disciplina universitária.  Já nos anos 1950, a Universidade do Paraná formava seus estudantes em contato com teorias linguísticas.  Em 1953, foram criados o Círculo Linguístico de Curitiba e a Revista Letras.  Nos anos 1960, na então Universidade Católica do Paraná, os professores Eurico Back (1923-2003) e Geraldo Mattos (1931-2014) propuseram uma teoria de cunho estruturalista denominada Linguística Construtural (LC), desenvolvendo literatura substancial e formando toda uma geração de linguistas (BORGES NETO, 2013, p.17). O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre um conceito central da LC: a noção de fonema.  Para isso, serão examinados alguns trabalhos de Back e Mattos, em especial, a Gramática construtural da língua portuguesa de 1972 e seu Manifesto, publicado no primeiro número da revista Construtura, e também uma entrevista feita com Mattos em 2011.  Na análise,  assume-se a atribuição de importância fundamental a entidades teóricas para a compreensão epistemológica dos pressupostos básicos das teorias linguísticas, tese defendida por Borges Neto (1991, 2004) e Dascal (1978, 2004).
Soil Warming Increases Arsenic Availability in the Rice Rhizosphere
Authors: Neumann Rebecca B. , Seyfferth Angelia L. , Teshera‐Levye Jennifer , Ellingson Joseph
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Arsenic is a common contaminant in rice, threatening yield and human health.

Climate warming could alter availability and plant uptake of arsenic.

Arsenic concentrations in porewater and plant tissue increased with soil warming.

Grain arsenic concentrations were not significantly affected by soil temperature.

Future studies should explore links between climate conditions and arsenic uptake by rice.

Arsenic uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) threatens yield and contaminates grain. Climate warming could affect these hazards. We tested the effect of elevated soil temperature on arsenic availability to and uptake by rice plants. Rice was grown in arsenic‐amended soil in rhizoboxes that facilitated porewater sampling and synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging of the rhizosphere. Plants were subjected to similar atmospheric conditions but different soil temperatures. The XRF imaging revealed greater arsenic sequestration in root iron plaques with a warmer soil temperature. Mean and median arsenic concentrations in porewater and root, straw, and husk tissue were positively correlated with average daily maximum soil temperature. Grain arsenic concentrations did not change. Warmer soil temperatures likely increased plant‐available arsenic by increasing reductive dissolution of arsenic‐bearing iron minerals, but the plants effectively regulated grain arsenic. The impacts of changing environmental conditions on arsenic contamination of rice should be further explored.
Persistence of Ascaris spp. Ova in Tropical Soil Cultivated with Eucalyptus and Fertilized with Municipal Biosolids
Authors: de Faria Marianne F. , Guerrini Iraê A. , Oliveira Fernando C. , Sato Maria Inês Z. , Hachich Elayse M. , Passos José Raimundo S. , Goulart Lívia M. L. , Silva Thiago T. de S. , Gava José L. , Furches Joel C. , James Jason , Harrison Robert B.
Published: April 2017

In many countries, the main reason for severely restricting or outright banning the land application of class B biosolids is the lack of risk assessment for adverse human health impacts. Among pathogens that are not often studied are helminth ova, including that of the Ascaris spp. Almost all of the knowledge about the persistence of Ascaris spp. ova in soils fertilized with biosolids is based on studies developed in North America, Europe, and Asia. These studies have almost always been conducted under temperate climate conditions, which may cause erroneous interpretations when the conclusions are extrapolated to tropical regions such as those found in Brazil. This team evaluated the persistence of viable Ascaris spp. ova in a sandy Quartzipsamment tropical soil, previously planted with Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrid (Eucalyptus urograndis) and fertilized with biosolids, over a 52‐wk period. During the reporting period, the average temperature of soil and biosolids fluctuated between 15 and 30°C, and the average moisture of biosolids fluctuated between 60 and 90%. The estimated persistence time of viable Ascaris spp. ova after land application was estimated at close to 7 wk, indicating that ova may not be viable for as long as it has been shown to be in studies of more temperate areas. The relationship of temperature with persistence of viable Ascaris spp. ova in a tropical soil was stronger than moisture content, suggesting that temperature substantially contributed to their nonviability over the course of the experiment.

Core Ideas

Climate conditions, mainly temperature, influence the viability of Ascaris spp. ova.

Viable Ascaris spp. ova were not found after 7 wk of study in tropical soil.

Agricultural use may be the best practice for disposal of biosolids.
Impact of Biochar Organic and Inorganic Carbon on Soil CO2and N2O Emissions
Authors: Fidel Rivka B. , Laird David A. , Parkin Timothy B.
Published: April 2017

Biochar has been shown to influence soil CO2and N2O emissions following application to soil, but the presence of carbonates in biochars has largely confounded efforts to differentiate among labile and recalcitrant C pools in biochar and establish their timeframe of influence. Understanding the mechanism, magnitude, and duration of biochar C pools’ influence on C and N dynamics is imperative to successful implementation of biochar for C sequestration. Here we therefore aim to assess biochar organic and inorganic C pool impacts on CO2and N2O emissions from soil amended with two untreated biochars, inorganic carbon (as Na2CO3), acid (HCl) and bicarbonate (NaHCO3) extracts of the biochars, and acid and bicarbonate/acid‐washed biochars during a 140‐d soil incubation. We hypothesized that (i) both biochar labile organic carbon (LOC) and inorganic carbon (IC) pools contribute significantly to short‐term (<1 mo) CO2emissions from biochar‐amended soil, (ii) biochars will influence the size of soil NH4+and NO3−pools, and (iii) changes in soil inorganic N pools will affect soil N2O emissions. All biochar, biochar extract, and carbonate treatments (12 total) increased CO2produced during the initial ≤48 h of the incubation relative to controls, indicating that both biochar LOC and IC contribute to CO2emissions. Of these treatments, only bicarbonate extracts of the biochars increased total C losses significantly. However, treatment impacts on soil N2O production were not significant despite significant effects of select treatments on inorganic N pools. Overall, results indicate that biochars contain small LOC and IC pools that are stabilized by a larger recalcitrant organic C pool.

Core Ideas

Biochar IC and OC contributed to soil CO2produced during initial 48 h of incubation.

Washing biochars with acid and bicarbonate both reduced CO2produced.

Acid and bicarbonate biochar extracts increased C loss more than untreated biochars.

Biochar treatments did not influence N2O emissions despite inorganic N impacts.

Labile biochar IC and OC pools are likely stabilized by the recalcitrant C pool.
Drought Response and Genetic Diversity in Pisum fulvum, a Wild Relative of Domesticated Pea
Authors: Naim‐Feil Erez , Toren Maya , Aubert Grégoire , Rubinstein Mor , Rosen Ada , Eshed Ravit , Sherman Amir , Ophir Ron , Saranga Yehoshua , Abbo Shahal
Published: April 2017

Productivity of grain crops in semi‐arid environments is often affected by drought, which is likely to increase due to predicted climate changes. Wild pea (Pisum fulvum Sibth. & Smith, Pf) accessions sampled across its ecological amplitude in Israel (350–850 mm annual precipitation) were used to assess the genetic diversity for drought responses. We hypothesized that native species evolving under Eastern Mediterranean climate carry adaptive traits to cope with drought stress. Accessions were classified according to single‐nucleotide polymorphism variation pattern and habitat ecogeographic parameters. Significant differences were found between the accession groups, but grouping in both systems did not match. Subsequently, 52 Pf accessions and three domesticated pea (P. sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated during 2 yr under well‐watered (∼580 mm) and water‐limited (∼340 mm) treatments. Total dry matter, grain yield, harvest index, and average grain weight were higher in domesticated pea than wild Pf; however several Pf accessions exhibited lower drought susceptibility indices (i.e., greater stability across environments) than domesticated genotypes. Of special interest are a number of Pf genotypes in which low susceptibility to water stress was coupled with relatively high productivity. The sampling habitats of those low susceptibility–high productivity accessions are characterized by mild (400–530 mm) annual precipitation. Further sampling and evaluation of Pf from such locations may improve our understanding of pea drought adaptation and yield physiology.
Stocker Beef Production on Low‐Water‐Input Systems in Response to Legume Inclusion: I. Forage and Animal Responses
Authors: Baxter Lisa L. , West Charles P. , Brown C. Philip , Green Paul E.
Published: April 2017

The imminent decline of the Ogallala Aquifer is encouraging producers in the Southern High Plains (SHP) to seek innovative alternatives to safeguard against dramatic losses of income when pumping capacity is insufficient for irrigated crops. Previous research demonstrated the success of perennial forage grasses in this region, but crude protein (CP) was the limiting factor in improving performance of grazing beef (Bos taurus L.) steers. Possible solutions include integrating legumes into existing warm‐season grass pastures and managing small areas of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a protein bank where irrigation resources can be concentrated. The objective of this research was to compare animal performance in a grass‐legume pasture system employing regionally novel forage combinations and grazing techniques to a grass‐only system in the water‐limited SHP. Three years of research concluded that inclusion of legumes increased CP (P < 0.01) and increased digestibility measures of forages in the grass‐legume system. Longer, less frequent rotations into the protein bank resulted in higher average daily gains in Years 2 and 3 (P < 0.05) compared with Year 1 of grass‐legume. This translated to higher seasonal liveweight gain per hectare in the grass‐legume system in each trial year (P < 0.01). The forage‐livestock systems created in this research will serve as alternatives for producers transitioning from irrigated row crops into more resource‐sustaining systems.
Metode Kuantitatif dalam Teologi Praktis
Authors: Hadiwitanto Handi
Published: April 2017

One of modern practical theology's task is what so-called descriptive-empirical task. In this sense practical theology does require an empirical approach for her reflection. Therefore practical theologians should have sufficient skills in using methods of field research. Traditionally qualitative methods have been known more among theologians. And in the same time some people suspect that quantitative methods are not suitable and cannot explain any theological problems. Some others concern and think that quantitative methods only work deductively and it is against the tradition of theology from below which normally works inductively. This essay would like to show how quantitative methods can work within theological field and give theologians an alternative approach when they want to empirically understand particular religious community. Obviously we realise that social sciences such as sociology and social psychology have developed quantitative methods in their researches for long time. In the spirit of interdisciplinary approach we owe them some explanations in running particular quantitative analyses.
Membangun Persaudaraan Lintas Iman dengan Berbasis pada Kebudayaan Masyarakat Adat Kei
Authors: Harbelubun Yosep
Published: April 2017

Building interfaith relationship is a relevant topic for people who live in the plurality of religions and beliefs. All religions are called to maintain diversity by building interfaith relationship. A true brotherhood is the objective of building interfaith relationship. There are various ways which could be taken by religions in building interfaith relationship. Those ways could be found in all spheres of human life. One way which could be required by religions in building interfaith relationship is to go through the wisdom of local communities. This way can lead the religions to be present relevantly and contextually in society. According to the author, the local wisdom of Keiese (Kei) community has a relevance to the efforts of building interfaith relationship. The values of Keiese (Kei) local wisdom are in accordance with the universal values on religions, which could be used as a powerful way in building interfaith relationship up.
Experimental study of using wastewater sludge as a new drag reduction agent
Authors: Mohamed Hadj Djelloul , Mansour Belhadri , Nasr-Eddine Boudjenane
Published: April 2017

Siltation is considering as a huge risk to the life and security of dams. Forced to preserve their useful volumes, managers use sediment dredging operations through different techniques. The aim of our work is to investigate the wastewater sludge derived from wastewater treatment as a new natural lubricating instrument during transport of sediment in the pipes and to reduce head losses. From an economic and environmental point of view, this technique is more effective than the use of industrial polymers. The rheological study is done using an RS600 rheometer. Head losses and friction reducing are measured on three horizontal pipes (30, 50 and 80 mm). The mud from the dam and sludge are added at different volumes concentrations. The results revealed that the mud follows the Herschel-Bulkley model at 10–20% volume concentration, even after adding wastewater sludge proportions from 0.1– 0.4%. The mud flow head losses in pipes increase with increasing solids concentration. A maximum reduction in yield stress and frictional head loss are observed at 0.25 to 0.35% of sludge concentration, which can be the most effective choice.
Response surface methodology approach for the optimisation of adsorption of hydrolysed polyacrylamide from polymer-flooding wastewater onto steel slag: a good option of waste mitigation
Authors: Zhu Mijia , Yao Jun , Qin Zhonghai , Lian Luning , Zhang Chi
Published: April 2017

Wastewater produced from polymer flooding in oil production features high viscosity and chemical oxygen demand because of the residue of high-concentration polymer hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM). In this study, steel slag, a waste from steel manufacturing, was studied as a low-cost adsorbent for HPAM in wastewater. Optimisation of HPAM adsorption by steel slag was performed with a central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 89.31% was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, contact time of 95.4 min and pH of 5.6. These data were strongly correlated with the experimental values of the RSM model. Single and interactive effect analysis showed that HPAM removal efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time. Efficiency increased when pH was increased from 2.6 to 5.6 and subsequently decreased from 5.6 to 9.3. It was observed that removal efficiency significantly increased (from 0% to 86.1%) at the initial stage (from 0 min to 60 min) and increased gradually after 60 min with an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, pH of 5.6. The adsorption kinetics was well correlated with the pseudo-second-order equation. Removal of HPAM from the studied water samples indicated that steel slag can be utilised for the pre-treatment of polymer-flooding wastewater.
Flower Bud Differentiation and Development of ‘Jinsi No.4’ Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in Hunan Province of Southern China
Authors: Zou Feng , Duan Jinghua , Xiong Huan , Yuan Deyi , Zhang Lin , Niu Genhua
Published: April 2017

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. is one of the most important fruit crops and has been cultivated in China for more than 4000 years. Z. jujuba fruit is rich in nutritional and medicinal values. Compared to other wood fruits, Z. jujuba is unique in its flowering and fruiting characteristics. Floral buds differentiation and formation of Z. jujuba is an essential process that affects yield. Z. jujuba ‘Jinsi No.4’ blooms profusely, yet its final yield is low. In this study, the floral bud differentiation and development of ‘Jinsi No.4’ were examined by paraffin section. Results showed that the floral buds of ‘Jinsi No.4’ differentiated in the current year and started from early April. The duration of a single flower differentiation was short, taking only 7 days for maturation of flowers buds. Floral bud differentiation of ‘Jinsi No.4’ can be divided into six stages, i.e., pre-differentiation, initial differentiation, sepal differentiation, petal differentiation, stamen differentiation, and pistil differentiation. Flower development experienced seven stages, i.e., alabastrum, alabastrum break, sepal flattening, petal flattening, stamen flattening, filament withering, and ovule swelling. Dysplasia was observed in some floral organs in Z. jujuba ‘Jinsi No.4’, suggesting that the dysplasia of floral organs may be one of the main reasons for low yields. Our findings on flower bud development in ‘Jinsi No.4’ will contribute to its production and flowering management in Hunan area of southern China.
Analysis of the Literature on Chronic Cough in Children
Authors: Bergamini Marcello , Kantar Ahmad , Cutrera Renato , Interest Group Italian Pediatric Cough
Published: April 2017

Throughout childhood, various developmental phenomena influence the cough reflex. Among these are the modifications in the anatomy and functions of the respiratory tract and the central and peripheral nervous systems. Moreover, after birth, the immunological response undergoes progressive transformations with the acquisition of immune memory processes. These conditions make infections and airway abnormalities the overwhelming cause of chronic cough in children and infants. In children, chronic cough should be treated on the basis of etiology. The aim of this article is to provide thorough research and analysis of the medical literature published up to 2014 on chronic cough in children as a disease entity, including the epidemiologic, etiologic, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects.

Our results demonstrate differences in the definition of chronic cough, the characteristics of diagnostic procedures, study settings, and prevalence of the main causes. However, few studies regarding epidemiology and the quality of life have been reported. Many therapeutic approaches that are considered effective in adults with chronic cough seem to be less efficient in children. Regardless of the setting, whether pediatric or non-pediatric, children with chronic cough should be carefully evaluated using child-specific protocols and algorithms. Awareness of the various pathophysiological conditions associated with chronic cough is vital for making a correct diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment. The prevalence of the different causes of chronic cough depends on various issues. Among these are the population under consideration and its age range, infectious disease control and prevention, the diagnostic procedures employed, disease definition criteria, and the local health system. Clinical guidelines for the management of children with chronic cough should take these components into consideration. Further clinical and basic research studies are still needed for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chronic cough in children.
Irreducible Anterior Shoulder Dislocation with Interposition of the Long Head of the Biceps and Greater Tuberosity Fracture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pantazis Konstantinos , Panagopoulos Andreas , Tatani Irini , Daskalopoulos Basilis , Iliopoulos Ilias , Tyllianakis Minos
Published: April 2017

Background:

Failure of closed manipulative reduction of an acute anterior shoulder dislocation is seldom reported in the literature and is usually due to structural blocks such as soft tissue entrapment (biceps, subscapularis, labrum), bony fragments (glenoid, greater tuberosity) and severe head impaction (Hill-Sachs lesion).

Case report:

We present a case of an irreducible anterior shoulder dislocation in a 57-year-old male patient after a road-traffic accident. He had severe impaction of the head underneath glenoid rim and associated fracture of the greater tuberosity. Closed reduction performed in the emergency room under sedation and later at the theatre under general anaesthesia was unsuccessful. Open reduction using the dectopectoral approach revealed that the reason for obstruction was the posterolateral entrapment of the biceps tendon between the humeral head and the tuberosity fragment. Reduction was achieved after subscapularis tenotomy and opening of the joint; the tuberosity fragment was fixed with transosseous sutures and the long head of the biceps tendon was tenodesized. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and at his last follow up, 12 months postoperatively, he had a stable joint, full range of motion and a Constant score of 90.

Conclusion:

A comprehensive literature review revealed 22 similar reports affecting a total of 30 patients. Interposition of the LHBT alone or in combination with greater tuberosity fracture was the most common obstacle to reduction, followed by subscapularis tendon interposition and other less common reasons. Early surgical intervention with open reduction and confrontation of associated injuries is mandatory for a successful outcome.
Efecto del método de propagación y sitio sobre atributos fustales en árboles de Pinus radiata a la edad de 17 años
Authors: Antillanca Marcial , Trincado Guillermo , Lasserre Jean Pierre
Published: April 2017

La tasa de plantaciones de pino radiata en Chile ha requerido aumentar la escala de producción de plantas aplicando propagación vegetativa. Sin embargo, se desconoce si existen diferencias de crecimiento y atributos fustales entre árboles reproducidos mediante semillas o estacas. Esta investigación cuantifica el efecto del método de propagación y sitio sobre atributos fustales de pino radiata a la edad de 17 años. Los atributos evaluados fueron: forma fustal, localización del centro de volumen y centro de gravedad, y ahusamiento en trozas. Los datos se obtuvieron de un ensayo silvícola sin raleo ni poda ubicado sobre suelos de ceniza volcánica y arenas. En cada sitio se establecieron dos parcelas (30 m × 21 m), considerando una densidad inicial de 1428 individuos por hectárea de la misma familia genética. Dentro de cada sitio se asignó en forma aleatoria a cada parcela, plantas propagadas por semilla o por estacas de un año de edad. La combinación de métodos de propagación y sitios definieron un diseño factorial 2 × 2. En cada tratamiento, se seleccionaron 20 individuos para muestreo destructivo. Los resultados indican que no hubo efectos significativos de los métodos de propagación para el factor y cociente de forma, centro de volumen y gravedad. Tampoco hubo efectos significativos de los sitios ni interacción entre factores. Sin embargo, el ahusamiento de la primera troza basal (0 m - 3 m) evidenció efectos significativos de ambos factores. Se puede concluir que individuos propagados por estacas y establecidos en arenas presentan trozas basales más cilíndricas que individuos establecidos en suelos derivados de cenizas volcánicas.
Relación de vegetación ribereña y propiedades del suelo en un afluente del río Tacotalpa, Tabasco, México
Authors: Moreno-Jiménez Victorio , Castillo-Acosta Ofelia , Gama-Campillo Lilly , Zavala-Cruz Joel , Ortiz-Pérez Mario Arturo
Published: April 2017

La vegetación ribereña ha sido fuertemente fragmentada por acciones antrópicas modificando su estructura y sus funciones ecosistémicas. Se analizaron las variables de vegetación ribereña y su relación con las propiedades del suelo en un afluente del río Tacotalpa, Tabasco. A lo largo del cauce se seleccionaron tres zonas: baja, media y alta; en cada zona se establecieron ocho unidades de muestreo de 5 m × 50 m y se censaron todos los árboles y arbustos con DAP ≥ 1 cm. Se identificaron las especies y se generó información sobre el índice de valor de importancia (IVI), diversidad de especies (H') e índice de similitud (IS). En cada unidad de muestreo se colectó una muestra de suelo a una profundidad de 0 cm -30 cm y se analizaron las propiedades textura, pH, materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno total (Nt), fósforo asimilable (P) y potasio (K). Las variables se analizaron con los paquetes estadísticos SPSS y PAST. En las tres zonas de vegetación ribereña se registraron 1681 individuos, 38 familias y 131 especies; las familias Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae y Moraceae fueron las más representativas. La diversidad fue similar en las tres zonas y la similitud osciló entre 31.3% y 53.3%. Los contenidos de Nt, MO y P fueron mayores en suelos de la zona alta con vegetación más conservada y menores en las zonas baja y media con vegetación secundaria; estas variables edáficas se correlacionaron positivamente con la altura de los árboles (p < 0.01), siendo evidente el efecto benéfico de la interacción planta-suelo.
Decorative Motifs and Lighting Effects in Promoting Quality Health of Persian Bathhouse
Authors: Mansoori Sima , Faizi Mohsen , Mozaffar Farhang , Sedgh pour Bahram Saleh
Published: April 2017

The hidden issues behind the body of Iranian architecture contain meanings, mysteries, and symbols. In the pathology of the bathroom, it should be noted that anti-physiological leisure in a mechanized, automated, and boring environment with no desire to stay in it, is the main problem that has prevailed in recent years. The aim of this article is to describe the relationship between the function of symbols of Iranian Architecture and the quality of health. This paper investigates 5 case studies namely the traditional bathhouse of Iran (TBI) from 5 cities with a particular approach to light and decorative motifs from the Ghajar and Safavid periods in Iran. The methodology used is the Delphi research with the Q factor analysis. Finally, the profile of the relations of ornaments in a healthy TBI is explained.
Resident's Satisfaction to Evaluate Residential Environment before Urban Regeneration: Kizilay Neighborhood, Izmir
Authors: Egercioglu Yakup , Yilmaz Salih , Cete Mehmet , Cupi Romjana
Published: April 2017

Izmir-Kizilay neighborhood is one of these areas with low building construction quality and illegal interventions that has attracted the attention of municipality officials and professionals for urban regeneration. In this study, quality of the residential environment of the Izmir-Kizilay neighborhood is evaluated from the residents' point of view. An occupant questionnaire survey is done to collect the data indwelling scale and neighborhood scale. Factors studied in building scale size are: (i) construction conditions and age of the building, (ii) architectural features, (iii) modifications done and the wish for repairs/renovation, (iv) physical condition and energy efficiency, (v) property condition.