bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking (desperately) for gentrification? Population change, immigration and economic recovery in a Mediterranean city
Authors: Salvati Luca
Published: July 2021

Urban dynamics in European Mediterranean countries reflect a mosaic of responses to different economic impulses. Suspended between suburbanisation and reurbanisation, socio‐economic development in Southern Europe outlines a possible ‘Mediterranean’ path to gentrification that deserves further investigation. By considering together population, housing, business dynamics and specific aspects of life quality, we developed a quali‐quantitative analysis of urban dynamics and gentrification processes in postcrisis Athens, Greece. The political side of gentrification, informal planning and the difficulty to stabilise a nexus with inner city rehabilitation accounts for the heterogeneous outcomes of urban transformations in Southern Europe. In such contexts, inner city gentrification was interpreted as an informal process consolidating a social mix similar to the most advanced cities in Western Europe. Our study delineates a Mediterranean perspective to inner city gentrification, reconnecting these processes with more general socio‐economic conditions, and demonstrates the intrinsic advantage of quali‐quantitative assessments of gentrification patterns and processes in urban Europe. A refined knowledge of these processes—also in light of more recent urban crises (e.g., driven by the pandemic challenge)—finally provides an interpretative key for a better management of inner city gentrification, not only in advanced economies but also in emerging (or peripheral) contexts.
Synthesis and characterization of a series of N,N′‐substituted urea derivatives by using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Differentiation of positional isomers
Authors: Singh Dilip Kumar , Chauthe Siddheshwar Kisan , Anjanappa Prakash , Kumar Sumit , Arulraj Ruba A. , Gajjela Raju , Mohammed Noor , Kanthappa Venkatesh T. , Karmakar Ananta , Gupta Arun Kumar , Bajpai Lakshmikant , Bagadi Muralidhararao , Mathur Arvind
Published: July 2021

Rationale

Characterization of N,N′‐substituted ureas was found to be challenging by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, particularly N‐di‐ and tri‐alkylated ureas because of the absence of adjacent protons. In the present study, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry has been used to differentiate positional isomeric pairs and to characterize a series of N,N′‐substituted ureas, as these compounds have significant importance for drug discovery. Additionally, urea is an essential functionality in several bioactive compounds as well as a variety of clinically approved therapies.

Methods

High‐resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐HR‐MS/MS) has been used to characterize a series of N,N′‐substituted urea derivatives and differentiate two pairs of positional isomers. The data was acquired by Xcaliber application in positive ionization mode.

Results

ESI‐HR‐MS/MS spectra of [M + H]+ ions of the positional isomeric urea derivatives 8a and 8b show distinct fragmentation patterns. For example, the MS/MS spectrum of the [M + H]+ ion of isomer 8a displays the abundant fragment ion at m/z 285.1595, which was totally absent in isomer 8b. This would be plausibly formed by the cleavage of the C–N bond of the urea group with the elimination of the isocyanate moiety. In contrast, the MS/MS spectrum of the [M + H]+ ion of isomer 8b shows an intense ion at m/z 311.1389 which is completely absent in isomer 8a which would be formed by the cleavage of the C–N bond attached to the ring nitrogen. Similarly, another pair of positional isomers, 8c and 8d, have been clearly distinguished by their fragmentation behaviour. In addition, a series of N,N′‐substituted urea derivatives were studied to investigate the impact of different substitution on the fragmentation behaviour.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that ESI‐HR‐MS/MS can be used to differentiate pairs of N,N′‐substituted urea positional isomers and characterize a series of derivatives. It was observed that a characteristic fragment ion was formed by the C–N bond cleavage with the elimination of an isocyanate moiety. The proposed mechanism of fragmentation was supported by the change in the fragmentation pathway upon alkylation of the NH. In order to generalize this fragmentation pattern, a series of N‐alkylated ureas was synthesized and studied by MS/MS.
A self‐adaptive SAC‐PID control approach based on reinforcement learning for mobile robots
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Fan Yuehai , Xu Siyu , Ou Linlin
Published: July 2021

Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control is the most widely used in industrial control, robot control, and other fields. However, traditional PID control is not competent when the system cannot be accurately modeled and the operating environment is variable in real time. To tackle these problems, we propose a self‐adaptive model‐free SAC‐PID control approach based on reinforcement learning for automatic control of mobile robots. A new hierarchical structure is developed, which includes the upper controller based on soft actor‐critic (SAC), one of the most competitive continuous control algorithms, and the lower controller based on incremental PID controller. SAC receives the dynamic information of the mobile robot as input and simultaneously outputs the optimal parameters of incremental PID controllers to compensate for the error between the path and the mobile robot in real time. In addition, the combination of 24‐neighborhood method and polynomial fitting is developed to improve the adaptability of SAC‐PID control method to complex environment. The effectiveness of the SAC‐PID control method is verified with several different difficulty paths both on Gazebo and real mecanum mobile robot. Furthermore, compared with fuzzy PID control, the SAC‐PID method has merits of strong robustness, generalization, and real‐time performance.
Mitigating a crisis of confidence: The effect of crisis response strategies on reward‐based crowdfunding success
Authors: Cornelis Erlinde F. I. , Baker Andrew M. , Ahsan Mujtaba
Published: July 2021

Research Summary

This research develops and tests an empirical model for crisis management in reward‐based crowdfunding. Drawing from the SCCT literature, we identify which crisis response strategy best mitigates a crisis of confidence that arises when backers publicly criticize a reward‐based crowdfunding campaign during the live funding period. The results of our experimental study show that by using a rebuild response strategy (i.e., offering compensation, apologizing, and taking responsibility), founders can mitigate the impact of the crisis of confidence on potential backers' funding intentions. Our study also unravels the underlying mechanisms driving this effect: affective and cognitive perceptions of the product and the founder fully mediate the effect of founders' response strategies on potential backers' funding intentions.

Managerial Summary

This study investigates crisis management strategies in reward‐based crowdfunding. Specifically, we compare the effectiveness of three different response strategies (rebuild, diminish, deny) that founders can adopt when reacting to a publicly visible, negative comment on their crowdfunding page. We test the effects of these strategies in an experiment among 514 participants. Our results show that using a rebuild strategy works better than a diminish or a deny strategy to increase potential backers' funding intentions, because a rebuild strategy enhances perceived likability and trust, while lowering perceived risk. Since communication strategy is key for the reward‐based crowdfunding campaign's ultimate success, we recommend that crowdfunding campaign founders adopt a strategic plan for their public interaction with backers and use an appropriate response strategy.
Group sequential Holm and Hochberg procedures
Authors: Tamhane Ajit C. , Xi Dong , Gou Jiangtao
Published: July 2021

The problem of testing multiple hypotheses using a group sequential procedure often arises in clinical trials. We review several group sequential Holm (GSHM) type procedures proposed in the literature and clarify the relationships between them. In particular, we show which procedures are equivalent or, if different, which are more powerful and what are their pros and cons. We propose a step‐up group sequential Hochberg (GSHC) procedure as a reverse application of a particular step‐down GSHM procedure. We conducted an extensive simulation study to evaluate the familywise error rate (FWER) and power properties of that GSHM procedure and the GSHC procedure and found that the GSHC procedure controls FWER more closely and is more powerful. All procedures are illustrated with a common numerical example, the data for which are chosen to bring out the differences between them. A real case study is also presented to illustrate application of these procedures. R programs for applying the proposed procedures, additional simulation results, and the proof of the FWER control of the GSHC procedure in a special case are provided in Supplementary Material.
Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Rayon‐Graphene Oxide Nano Composite for Decontamination of Water
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Bharti  , Rai Pramod Kumar
Published: July 2021

The availability of clean water in the today's world is one of the main concerns of scientific communities because of addition of untreated waste water to natural resources. Here, we have designed a Rayon Graphene Oxide Composite (RGOC) using cotton and graphene oxide for water decontamination. The synthesized composites were characterized by various techniques and evaluated for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from water using batch absorption kinetics. The re‐usability of adsorbent shows high removal efficiency upto five cycles and shift in λmaxfrom 664 to 638 nm of MB, indicates its degradation on surface of RGOC for which a plausible mechanism was proposed. Rayon provides active surface for stability of GO which allows smooth removal of dye without leaching into water. Further, cotton being biodegradable and easily available material with hydroxyl functionality, therefore it effectively provides an answer to rising need of environment friendly material for water treatment.
Study shows there are lots of dry eyes in the house
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: July 2021

Georgina Mills reports on research that examines the frequency and breed‐related risk factors for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
‘We don't need another Scottish vet school’
Authors: McLean Will
Published: July 2021

Will McLean argues that the SRUC's plans to open its own vet school is not an appropriate solution to the problems the profession faces with regards to a shortage of vets working in rural and public health roles.
‘Just another vet school? Most definitely not!’
Authors: Argo Caroline McGregor
Published: July 2021

Caroline McGregor Argo argues that the new vet school at SRUC will not just be ‘more of the same’, and that instead it will have a clear remit to produce vets with attributes aligned with society's priority needs.
Soil texture and structure heterogeneity predominantly governs bulk density gradients around roots
Authors: Phalempin Maxime , Lippold Eva , Vetterlein Doris , Schlüter Steffen
Published: July 2021

Rhizosphere soil is known to differ from the bulk soil due to numerous physicochemical processes induced by root growth. The spatial extent and magnitude of the influence of roots on the surrounding soil is still debated controversially. To date, most studies focused on a limited number of soil types and plant species and were carried out under homogeneous soil structure conditions (i.e., finely sieved and repacked soil). With the help of X‐ray computed tomography (CT), we present the results of an image processing workflow, which enabled to analyze soil structure around roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants under different degrees of soil structure heterogeneity. We analyzed >400 samples extracted during laboratory and field experiments covering various combinations of texture, bulk density, packing heterogeneity, maize genotype, and soil moisture. We show that soil texture and structure heterogeneity predominantly governs the magnitude of bulk density alteration around roots. In homogeneous soil structure, roots had to create their own pores by pushing away soil particles, which confirms previous findings. Under more heterogeneous conditions, we found that roots predominantly grew in existing pores without inducing compaction. The influence of root hairs, root length density, and plant growth stages had no or little impact on the results. The effect of root diameter was more pronounced in sand than in loam. Fine roots caused sand grains to align along their axis, whereas big roots broke the fragile arrangement of grains. Our findings have implications for water and solute transport dynamics at the root–soil interface, which may affect plant productivity.
Framing energetic top-quark pair production at the LHC
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Dreyer Frédéric A. , McDonald Ross W. , Salam Gavin P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Top-quark pair production is central to many facets of LHC physics. At leading order, the top and anti-top are produced in a back-to-back topology, however this topology accounts only for a minority of the events with TeV-scale momentum transfer that contain a $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

pair. The remaining events instead involve the splitting of an initial or final-state gluon to $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

. We provide simple quantitative arguments that explain why this is the case, and examine the interplay between different topologies and a range of variables that characterise the event hardness. We then develop a method to classify the topologies of individual events and use it to illustrate our findings in the context of simulated events, using both top partons and suitably defined fiducial tops. For events with large $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

invariant mass, we comment on additional features that have important experimental and theoretical implications.
Axion searches with two superconducting radio-frequency cavities
Authors: Gao Christina , Harnik Roni
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We propose an experimental setup to search for Axion-like particles (ALPs) using two superconducting radio-frequency cavities. In this light-shining-through-wall setup the axion is sourced by two modes with large fields and nonzero $$ \overrightarrow{E}\cdot \overrightarrow{B} $$

E
→

⋅

B
→

in an emitter cavity. In a nearby identical cavity only one of these modes, the spectator, is populated while the other is a quiet signal mode. Axions can up-convert off the spectator mode into signal photons. We discuss the physics reach of this setup finding potential to explore new ALP parameter space. Enhanced sensitivity can be achieved if high-level modes can be used, thanks to improved phase matching between the excited modes and the generated axion field. We also discuss the potential leakage noise effects and their mitigation, which is aided by $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(GHz) separation between the spectator and signal frequencies.
Sensor-based leakage detection in vacuum bagging
Authors: Haschenburger Anja , Menke Niklas , Stüve Jan
Published: July 2021

A majority of aircraft components are nowadays manufactured using autoclave processing. Essential for the quality of the component is the realization of an airtight vacuum bag on top of the component to be cured. Several ways of leakage detection methods are actually used in industrial processes. They will be dealt with in this paper. A special focus is put on a new approach using flow meters for monitoring the air flow during evacuation and curing. This approach has been successfully validated in different trials, which are presented and discussed. The main benefit of the method is that in case of a leakage, a defined limit is exceeded by the volumetric flow rate whose magnitude can be directly correlated to the leakage’s size and position. In addition, the potential of this method for the localization of leakages has been investigated and is discussed.
Ein neuer Weg zur Bewertung der Recyclingfähigkeit von Produkten mittels Statistischer Entropie: Fallbeispiel Mobiltelefone
Authors: Roithner Caroline , Cencic Oliver , Rechberger Helmut
Published: July 2021

Statistische Entropie kann zur Bewertung von unterschiedlichen Verfahren der Abfallwirtschaft herangezogen werden. Führt das Verfahren zu einer Separierung und damit Konzentrierung einzelner Materialien oder Stoffe, so entspricht dies einer niedrigen Statistischen Entropie, kommt es jedoch zu einer Vermischung und Verdünnung, erhöht sich diese. Recyclingverfahren haben beispielsweise das Ziel, konzentrierte Recyclingoutputs aus einem gemischten Abfallinput zu generieren, was einer Reduzierung der Statistischen Entropie entspricht. Eine Bewertung mittels Statistischer Entropie kann jedoch auch für Produkte selbst verwendet werden. Hierbei werden die Materialzusammensetzung und der Aufbau von Produkten mittels Statistischer Entropie bewertet. Komplexe Produkte, die aus einer Vielzahl von Materialien bestehen, weisen tendenziell eine höhere Statistische Entropie und eine schlechtere Recyclingfähigkeit auf als Produkte, die nur aus einigen wenigen Materialien zusammengesetzt sind. Die Statistische Entropie kann daher als Maß für die Recyclingfähigkeit von Produkten betrachtet werden. Anhand einer Fallstudie zu unterschiedlichen Generationen von Mobiltelefonen wird die Anwendung der neuen Bewertungsmethode demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie zeigen, dass sich die Bewertung mittels Statistischer Entropie dafür eignet, die produktinhärente Recyclingfähigkeit von Produkten zu bewerten und dabei wichtige Einblicke in das Design for Recycling von Produkten zu liefern. Als Planungs- bzw. Entscheidungstool angewandt, könnte der neue Bewertungsansatz helfen, die Weichen für eine effektive Kreislaufwirtschaft bereits im Produktdesign zu stellen und so in Folge ein besseres Recycling zu ermöglichen.
Trapeziectomy versus joint replacement for first carpometacarpal (CMC 1) joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raj Siddarth , Clay Reece , Ramji Saajan , Shaunak Raghav , Dadrewalla Arshan , Sinha Vikram , Shaunak Shalin
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis directly compares joint replacement (JR) and trapeziectomy techniques to provide an update as to which surgical intervention is superior for first carpometacarpal (CMC-1) joint osteoarthritis.

Methods

In August 2020, MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies that compared these two techniques for the treatment of CMC-1 joint osteoarthritis (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42020189728). Primary outcomes included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), QuickDASH (QDASH) and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Secondary outcomes, such as total complication, dislocation and revision surgery rates, were also measured.

Results

From 1909 studies identified, 14 studies (1005 patients) were eligible. Our meta-analysis found that post-operative QDASH scores were lower for patients in the JR group (five studies, p = 0.0004). Similarly, significantly better postoperative key pinch strength in favour of JR was noted (three studies, p = 0.001). However, pain (VAS) scores were similar between the two groups (five studies, p = 0.21). Moreover, JR techniques had significantly greater odds of overall complications (12 studies; OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.13–3.96, p = 0.02) and significantly greater odds of revision surgery (9 studies; OR 5.14; 95% CI 2.06–12.81, p = 0.0004).

Conclusion

Overall, based on very low- to moderate-quality evidence, JR treatments may result in better function with less disability with comparable pain (VAS) scores; however, JR has greater odds of complications and greater odds of requiring revision surgery. More robust RCTs that compare JR and TRAP with standardised outcome measures and long-term follow-up would add to the overall quality of evidence.
Suitability of the test results of micropitting tests acc. to FVA 54/7 for modern practical gear applications
Authors: Sagraloff Nadine , Tobie Thomas , Stahl Karsten
Published: July 2021

A high load carrying capacity regarding micropitting is requested in many modern gear applications.

The lubricant used has a great influence on the micropitting resistance of a gear-lubricant-system. As a result, it is highly recommended that a lubricant with a sufficient micropitting load-carrying capacity be used to avoid micropitting. Lubricants usually contain additives, which also have a strong effect on micropitting load-carrying capacity depending on operating temperature. As a result, the load-carrying capacity of gear lubricants cannot be determined theoretically and has to be determined by physical testing.

A well-established test procedure to determine load-carrying capacity with regard to micropitting is the FVA/FZG-micropitting test according to FVA 54/7, which is also the basis of the recently published standard DIN 3990-16. This test method was defined about 30 years ago with standardized test gears, which differ from gears commonly used in modern applications. Therefore, the practicability of the test method needs to be reviewed and the suitability of the test results for modern practical gear applications needs to be verified.

For this purpose, screening tests were conducted with case-hardened gears of materials 16MnCr5 and 18CrNiMo7‑6 to investigate the influence of the material on the results of the micropitting test. Additionally, the influence of test gears designed under consideration of practical applications on the test results was comprehensively examined. For this purpose, the micro-geometry (flank modifications), macro-geometry (helical gears) and grinding method (profile grinding) were altered.

The results show that the results of the micropitting test according to FVA 54/7 with standard test gears made of 16MnCr5 can be applied to gears with the material, micro- and macro-geometry as well as grinding methods used commonly in practical applications. This paper presents and summarizes the results of these experimental investigations.
Allgemeinmedizin in der Notaufnahme – Welche Patienten? Welche Beschwerden?
Authors: Schleef Tanja , Schneider Nils , Krause Olaf
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund

Vor dem Hintergrund des zunehmenden Anteils ambulant verbleibender Patienten wurde die Fachdisziplin Allgemeinmedizin in die zentrale Notaufnahme (ZNA) einer Universitätsklinik integriert. In der ZNA werden der Allgemeinmedizin diejenigen Patienten zugewiesen, die sich mit Beratungsanlässen aus dem allgemeinmedizinischen Spektrum vorstellen sowie bei Ersteinschätzung eine niedrige Behandlungsdringlichkeit aufweisen. Ziel war es, diese Patienten hinsichtlich ihrer Beratungsanlässe zu charakterisieren.

Methodik

Deskriptive Auswertung auf Basis der klinischen Routinedaten sowie eines selbst entwickelten Erhebungsbogens.

Ergebnisse

Etwa 80 % der Patienten suchten die Notaufnahme ohne ärztliche Einweisung auf. Die fünf häufigsten Beratungsanlässe waren Bauchschmerzen, Rückenschmerzen, Brustschmerzen, Schmerzen der unteren Extremitäten sowie Übelkeit und/oder Erbrechen. Bei knapp 25 % der Patienten setzten die Beschwerden erst am Tag der Vorstellung ein, bei etwa 33 % bestanden diese seit mehr als einer Woche. Die Hälfte der Patienten war wegen der Beschwerden bereits in ambulanter ärztlicher Behandlung, bei Patienten mit einer Beschwerdedauer von länger als einer Woche lag dieser Anteil bei mehr als 80 %. Patienten mit den Beratungsanlässen Fieber oder Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustands wurden anteilig am häufigsten stationär aufgenommen. Von den Selbstzuweisern konnten knapp 94 % in die ambulante Versorgung entlassen werden.

Diskussion

Patienten suchen auch mit nichtakuten Beschwerden und trotz vorangegangener ambulanter ärztlicher Behandlung die Notaufnahme auf. Die häufigsten Beratungsanlässe allgemeinmedizinisch versorgter Patienten in der ZNA decken sich nur zum Teil mit denen der hausärztlichen Versorgung.
The Saddle Point Problem of Polynomials
Authors: Nie Jiawang , Yang Zi , Zhou Guangming
Published: July 2021

This paper studies the saddle point problem of polynomials. We give an algorithm for computing saddle points. It is based on solving Lasserre’s hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations. Under some genericity assumptions on defining polynomials, we show that: (i) if there exists a saddle point, our algorithm can get one by solving a finite hierarchy of Lasserre-type semidefinite relaxations; (ii) if there is no saddle point, our algorithm can detect its nonexistence.
Telemedizin in der Epilepsieversorgung: Arzt-zu-Arzt-Anwendungen
Authors: Mues Sigrid , Hamer Hajo M. , von Podewils Felix , Sotoodeh Ali , Rosenow Felix , Wellmer Jörg , Zöllner Johann Philipp
Published: July 2021

Telemedizinische Arzt-zu-Arzt-Anwendungen in der Epilepsieversorgung können helfen, die spezielle Expertise von neurologischen oder pädiatrischen EpileptologInnen flächendeckend vorzuhalten, da sie es ermöglichen, medizinische Leistung über Distanzen hinweg zu erbringen. Sowohl national als auch international werden hierzu verschiedene Lösungsansätze entwickelt. Herausforderungen begegnet man auf organisatorischer, technischer, rechtlicher und ökonomischer Ebene, sodass die langfristige Perspektive der einzelnen aktuellen Lösungsansätze noch unklar ist. Letztendlich bedarf es der Entwicklung von Betriebsmodellen, bei denen alle Akteure (Konsilgeber, Konsilanforderer, Patient, Kostenträger, Betreiber der telemedizinischen Plattform und ggf. auch die jeweilige Fachgesellschaft) jeweils den spezifischen Nutzen und die Risiken abwägen.
Tele-Epileptologie Ruhr: Zwischenevaluation eines telemedizinischen Modellprojektes
Authors: Mues Sigrid , Grönheit Wenke , Wehner Tim , Wellmer Jörg
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund

Diagnose und Behandlung von Patienten mit Epilepsie oder anderen anfallsartig auftretenden Symptomen erfordert in manchen Situationen Spezialistenwissen. Um dieses auch Abteilungen ohne eigene spezialisierte Epileptologen zur Verfügung stellen zu können, wurde im Rahmen des Modellprojektes Tele-Epileptologie Ruhr (TE Ruhr) eine telemedizinische Infrastruktur zum patientenbezogenen Austausch zwischen allgemeinneurologischen Akutkliniken bzw. ausländischen Epilepsiezentren und der Ruhr-Epileptologie, Bochum, geschaffen.

Methoden

Die TE Ruhr ist eine multizentrische, prospektive Pilotstudie. Die telemedizinische Kommunikation inklusive Austausch von Untersuchungsdaten läuft über ein Webtool (rein webbasierte Anwendung). Es wurden Kliniken angeschlossen, mit denen bereits im Vorfeld eine Kooperation bestand. Patienten wurden nach Maßgabe der behandelnden Ärzte nach schriftlicher Einwilligung eingeschlossen. Die Zwischenevaluation wurde mit verantwortlichen Ärzten in den Kliniken per Fragebogen im Rahmen eines Telefoninterviews erstellt.

Ergebnisse

Zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung waren 8 regionale und 4 internationale Partnerkliniken angeschlossen. Die befragten Ärzte bewerten das Gesamtprojekt inklusive der technischen Realisierung mit einer Durchschnittsnote von 2,1 (1–4 auf einer Schulnotenskala von 1–6). Alle Befragten sehen einen Nutzen der TE Ruhr eher für Einzelfälle als für Routinevorstellungen. Wichtig für die Teilnehmer ist eine einfache und schnelle Bedienung der Konsilplattform.

Diskussion

Die Zwischenanalyse des Modellprojekts TE Ruhr hat gezeigt, dass die technische Etablierung einer teleepileptologischen Konsilplattform erfolgreich möglich ist. Die Ergebnisse machen über das konkrete Projekt hinaus deutlich, wo technische und organisatorische Herausforderungen telemedizinischer Anwendungen liegen und wie diesen begegnet werden kann.
Telemedizin in der Epilepsieversorgung: Arzt-zu-Arzt-Anwendungen
Authors: Mues Sigrid , Hamer Hajo M. , von Podewils Felix , Sotoodeh Ali , Rosenow Felix , Wellmer Jörg , Zöllner Johann Philipp
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund

In den vergangenen 10 Jahren wurden an verschiedenen Epilepsiezentren in Deutschland (Bochum, Erlangen, Greifswald, Berlin Brandenburg, Frankfurt Rhein-Main) Projekte entwickelt, die sich mit telemedizinischen Arzt-zu-Arzt-Anwendungen im Bereich der Epilepsieversorgung beschäftigen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die aktuell laufenden telemedizinischen Projekte in der Epilepsieversorgung in Deutschland gegeben.

Material und Methoden

Die Verantwortlichen der einzelnen Projekte stellen ihr Projekt anhand einer vorgegebenen Struktur dar.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

In allen Projekten konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine technische Lösung für die telemedizinische Arzt-zu-Arzt Anwendung im Bereich Epileptologie geschaffen werden kann. Die dargestellten Projekte unterscheiden sich zum Teil hinsichtlich des Zieles und der Umsetzung, zum Teil zeigen sich Übereinstimmungen. Perspektivisches Ziel ist es, aus den Erfahrungen der einzelnen Projekte eine gemeinsame Strategie zur Förderung epileptologischer Telemedizin und ihrer Überführung in die Regelversorgung zu entwickeln.
Fibropapillomatosis and the Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 in Green Turtles from West Africa
Authors: Monteiro Jessica , Duarte Margarida , Amadou Kidé , Barbosa Castro , El Bar Nahi , Madeira Fernando M. , Regalla Aissa , Duarte Ana , Tavares Luís , Patrício Ana Rita
Published: July 2021

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorigenic panzootic disease of sea turtles, most common in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP is linked to the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChAHV5) and to degraded habitats and, though benign, large tumours can hinder vital functions, causing death. We analyse 108 green turtles, captured in 2018 and 2019, at key foraging grounds in Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania, West Africa, for the presence of FP, and use real-time PCR to detect ChAHV5 DNA, in 76 individuals. The prevalence of FP was moderate; 33% in Guinea-Bissau (n = 36) and 28% in Mauritania (n = 72), and most turtles were mildly affected, possibly due to low human impact at study locations. Juveniles had higher FP prevalence (35%, n = 82) compared to subadults (5%, n = 21), probably because individuals acquire resistance over time. ChAHV5 DNA was detected in 83% (n = 24) of the tumour biopsies, consistent with its role as aetiological agent of FP and in 26% (n = 27) of the ‘normal’ skin (not showing lesions) from FP turtles. Notably, 45% of the asymptomatic turtles were positive for ChAHV5, supporting multifactorial disease expression. We report the first baselines of FP and ChAHV5 prevalence for West Africa green turtles, essential to assess evolution of disease and future impacts of anthropogenic activities.
Policy responses to foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States and Germany
Authors: Meagher Kelsey D.
Published: July 2021

This paper explores differences in national responses to foodborne disease outbreaks, addressing both the sources of policy divergence and their implications for public health and coordinated emergency response. It presents findings from a comparative study of two multi-state E. coli outbreaks, one in the United States (2006) and one in Germany (2011), demonstrating important differences in how risk managers understood and responded to each nation’s first major outbreak associated with fresh produce. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 36 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and hundreds of archival documents, this paper traces how social constructions of the E. coli risk interacted with organizational dynamics among state and industry actors to produce divergent policy outcomes: the U.S. outbreak was understood primarily as an agricultural problem that led to an industry-led agricultural solution, whereas the German outbreak was understood as a human disease problem that did not result in a substantial policy response once the acute health crisis passed. The paper concludes by discussing how these policy processes generate partial solutions to foodborne contamination that expose modern societies to systemic vulnerabilities.
Modelling the seismic response of a 2-storey URM benchmark case study: comparison among different equivalent frame models
Authors: Manzini Carlo Filippo , Ottonelli Daria , Degli Abbati Stefania , Marano Corrado , Cordasco Emilia Angela
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the comparison of the results of non-linear static analyses performed with different software based on the equivalent frame (EF) modelling approach on a simple two-story unreinforced masonry building with rigid diaphragms. This study is part of a wider research activity carried out in the framework of the Italian Network of Seismic Laboratories (ReLUIS) projects, funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. Different configurations have been considered varying the layout of the openings on the bearing walls and the structural details. The EF models have been defined adopting as much as possible common assumptions, in order to reduce the epistemic modelling uncertainties and to facilitate the interpretation of the differences in the results obtained by the software. The comparison involved different aspects: the global scale response, in terms of capacity curves, the predicted damage pattern as well as checks at the local scale, in terms of distribution of the generalized forces. Moreover, in order to assess the reliability of the obtained results, the numerical predictions have been compared to an analytical upper bound reference solution. Finally, the sensitivity of the numerical response to the criterion adopted for the EF idealization of masonry walls has been investigated.
Bullying in Students with Special Education Needs and Learning Difficulties: The Role of the Student–Teacher Relationship Quality and Students’ Social Status in the Peer Group
Authors: Berchiatti Martina , Ferrer Antonio , Galiana Laura , Badenes-Ribera Laura , Longobardi Claudio
Published: July 2021

Background

Children with Special Education Needs and Learning Difficulties are at risk of being excluded, or bullied because of their impairments. Within the bullying literature, two variables have been shown to be key in terms of its predictions: student–teacher relationship and students’ social status among peers.

Objective

The aim of this research was to assess the association between the student–teacher relationship and students’ social status in the peer group and bullying dimensions in children with SEN, LD, and typical development.

Method

A total of 320 children—55 with LD, 46 with SEN, and 219 in the control group – participated in the study, with a mean age of 11.04 (SD = 1.42), and 59.7% of whom were male. The model tested showed a good fit: χ2 (40) = 102.395, p < .001, CFI = .940, RMSEA = .070 [90% CI = .054, .088].

Results

Main findings show that children with SEN and LD had more difficulties in social participation and might be at higher risk of being bullied, compared with their classmates.

Conclusions

This study offers evidence on bullying in children with SEN and LD and its association with both relationship with teacher and students’ social status. For teachers, results highlight peculiarities and possible problems of school inclusion of children with SEN and LD. For educational researchers, findings add knowledge on literature focused on bullying in children with difficulties.
Arresting metastasis within the microcirculation
Authors: Varotsos Vrynas Angelos , Perea Paizal Julia , Bakal Chris , Au Sam H.
Published: July 2021

The behaviour of circulating tumour cells in the microcirculation remains poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests that biomechanical adaptations and interactions with blood components, i.e. immune cells and platelets within capillary beds, may add more complexity to CTCs journey towards metastasis. Revisiting how these mediators impact the ability of circulating tumour cells to survive and metastasise, will be vital to understand the role of microcirculation and advance our knowledge on metastasis.
Determination of fracture energy (mode I) in the inverse fiber metal laminates using experimental–numerical approach
Authors: Duda Sz. , Smolnicki M. , Osiecki T. , Lesiuk G.
Published: July 2021

Fiber metal laminates (FML) are hybrid materials consisting of metal and composite layers. They have great mechanical and fatigue properties. However, interface between metal and composite layers can be critical for their final properties. In this paper, process of determination of some fracture parameters of this interface in unusual FML material is described. Experimental tests following ASTM norm were conducted using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB). However, due to asymmetry, fracture energy cannot be obtained directly from the force–displacement curve. Finite element method simulations were carried out using cohesive elements and cohesive surfaces approach. The cohesive behavior of interface layers were modelled using traction separation law. Key properties of this law were obtained—maximal traction and fracture energy. In this particular case cohesive approach was better in reflecting experimental results. Determined values can be used in later research tasks (like modelling big structures containing this material) as material properties. The presented approach can be used successfully to obtain fracture energy in cases of materials for which standard approach is insufficient.
Immunomodulatory properties of characellide A on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Marcella Simone , Afoullouss Sam , Thomas Olivier P. , Allcock A. Louise , Murphy Paul V. , Loffredo Stefania
Published: July 2021

Marine sponges and their associated microbiota are multicellular animals known to produce metabolites with interesting pharmacological properties playing a pivotal role against a plethora of pathologic disorders such as inflammation, cancer and infections. Characellide A and B belong to a novel class of glycolipopeptides isolated from the deep sea marine spongeCharacella pachastrelloides. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of characellide A and B on cytokine and chemokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Characellide A induces a concentration- and time-dependent CXCL8, IL-6 and TNF-α release from PBMC. This production is mediated by the induction of gene transcription. Moreover, cytokine/chemokine release induced by characellide A from PBMC is CD1d-dependent because a CD1d antagonist, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane [DPPE]-polyethylene glycolmonomethylether [PEG], specifically inhibits characellide A-induced activation of PBMC. In conclusion, characellide A is a novel modulator of adaptative/innate immune responses. Further studies are needed to understand its potential pharmacological application.
Chaos for communication
Authors: Baptista Murilo S.
Published: July 2021

This work shows that chaotic signals with different power spectrum and different positive Lyapunov exponents are robust to linear superposition, meaning that the superposition preserves the Lyapunov exponents and the information content of the source signals, even after being transmitted over non-ideal physical medium. This work tackles with great detail how chaotic signals and their information content are affected when travelling through medium that presents the non-ideal properties of multi-path propagation, noise and chaotic interference (linear superposition), and how this impacts on the proposed communication system. Physical media with other non-ideal properties (dispersion and interference with periodic signals) are also discussed. These wonderful properties that chaotic signals have allow me to propose a novel communication system based on chaos, where information composed from and to multiple users each operating with different base frequencies and that is carried by chaotic wavesignals, can be fully preserved after transmission in the open air wireless physical medium, and it can be trivially decoded with low probability of errors.
A numerical method for the approximation of stable and unstable manifolds of microscopic simulators
Authors: Siettos Constantinos , Russo Lucia
Published: July 2021

We address a numerical methodology for the approximation of coarse-grained stable and unstable manifolds of saddle equilibria/stationary states of multiscale/stochastic systems for which a macroscopic description does not exist analytically in a closed form. Thus, the underlying hypothesis is that we have a detailed microscopic simulator (Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, agent-based model etc.) that describes the dynamics of the subunits of a complex system (or a black-box large-scale simulator) but we do not have explicitly available a dynamical model in a closed form that describes the emergent coarse-grained/macroscopic dynamics. Our numerical scheme is based on the equation-free multiscale framework, and it is a three-tier procedure including (a) the convergence on the coarse-grained saddle equilibrium, (b) its coarse-grained stability analysis, and (c) the approximation of the local invariant stable and unstable manifolds; the later task is achieved by the numerical solution of a set of homological/functional equations for the coefficients of a polynomial approximation of the manifolds.
Even if it might not be true, evidence cannot be false
Authors: Littlejohn Clayton , Dutant Julien
Published: July 2021

Wordly internalists claim that while internal duplicates always share the same evidence, our evidence includes non-trivial propositions about our environment. It follows that some evidence is false. Worldly internalism is thought to provide a more satisfying answer to scepticism than classical internalist views that deny that these propositions about our environment might belong to our evidence and to provide a generally more attractive account of rationality and reasons for belief. We argue that worldly internalism faces serious difficulties and that its apparent advantages are illusory. First, it cannot adequately handle some not terribly strange cases of perceptual error. Second, it cannot explain why one should plan to use their evidence to update their beliefs. The second issue allows us to explain why cases of misplaced certainty do not require us to introduce false evidence into our views and that why the alleged advantage of worldly internalism in resisting sceptical pressures is illusory.
Immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment
Authors: Aldén Lina , Bastani Spencer , Hammarstedt Mats , Miao Chizheng
Published: July 2021

We study immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment in Sweden combining population-wide register data and a unique survey targeting a large representative sample of the total population of long-term self-employment. Using the registers, we analyze the evolution of labor and capital incomes during the first 10 years following self-employment entry. We find that immigrant-native differences in labor income become smaller, whereas immigrant-native differences in capital income grow stronger, over the course of self-employment. These findings are robust to controlling for factors such as organizational form and type of industry. We use the survey data to gain further insights into immigrant-native differences among the long-term self-employed, and show that immigrant self-employed experience more problems and earn less, but work harder than native self-employed. They also have a less personal relation to their customers, do not enjoy their work as much as natives, and appear to have different perspectives on self-employment in general.
The influence of exocyclic lone pairs on the bonding and geometry of type A mesoionic rings
Authors: Ramsden Christopher Antony , Oziminski Wojciech Piotr
Published: July 2021

Based on structures determined by X-ray crystallography, ab initio MP2 calculations on type A mesoionic rings give geometries in good agreement with observed values. A study of four mesoionic ring systems, each with exocyclic oxygen, nitrogen or carbon groups, shows that the presence and configuration of exocyclic lone pairs significantly influences the geometry and configurational preference. Using a localised bond model and NBO analysis, these effects are rationalised in terms of an anomeric interaction of lone pairs with the antibonding orbitals of adjacent σ bonds. In agreement with experiment, similar effects are calculated for pyran-2-imines.
Approaching probabilistic and deterministic nomic truths in an inductive probabilistic way
Authors: Kuipers Theo A. F.
Published: July 2021

Theories of truth approximation in terms of truthlikeness (or verisimilitude) almost always deal with (non-probabilistically) approaching deterministic truths, either actual or nomic. This paper deals first with approaching a probabilistic nomic truth, viz. a true probability distribution. It assumes a multinomial probabilistic context, hence with a lawlike true, but usually unknown, probability distribution. We will first show that this true multinomial distribution can be approached by Carnapian inductive probabilities. Next we will deal with the corresponding deterministic nomic truth, that is, the set of conceptually possible outcomes with a positive true probability. We will introduce Hintikkian inductive probabilities, based on a prior distribution over the relevant deterministic nomic theories and on conditional Carnapian inductive probabilities, and first show that they enable again probabilistic approximation of the true distribution. Finally, we will show, in terms of a kind of success theorem, based on Niiniluoto’s estimated distance from the truth, in what sense Hintikkian inductive probabilities enable the probabilistic approximation of the relevant deterministic nomic truth. In sum, the (realist) truth approximation perspective on Carnapian and Hintikkian inductive probabilities leads to the unification of the inductive probability field and the field of truth approximation.
Learning to Caricature via Semantic Shape Transform
Authors: Chu Wenqing , Hung Wei-Chih , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Chang Yu-Ting , Li Yijun , Cai Deng , Yang Ming-Hsuan
Published: July 2021

Caricature is an artistic drawing created to abstract or exaggerate facial features of a person. Rendering visually pleasing caricatures is a difficult task that requires professional skills, and thus it is of great interest to design a method to automatically generate such drawings. To deal with large shape changes, we propose an algorithm based on a semantic shape transform to produce diverse and plausible shape exaggerations. Specifically, we predict pixel-wise semantic correspondences and perform image warping on the input photo to achieve dense shape transformation. We show that the proposed framework is able to render visually pleasing shape exaggerations while maintaining their facial structures. In addition, our model allows users to manipulate the shape via the semantic map. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a large photograph-caricature benchmark dataset with comparisons to the state-of-the-art methods.
What’s in a name? From “fluctuation fit” to “conformational selection”: rediscovery of a concept
Authors: Orosz Ferenc , Vértessy Beáta G.
Published: July 2021

Rediscoveries are not rare in biology. A recent example is the re-birth of the "fluctuation fit" concept developed by F. B. Straub and G. Szabolcsi in the sixties of the last century, under various names, the most popular of which is the "conformational selection". This theory offers an alternative to the "induced fit" concept by Koshland for the interpretation of the mechanism of protein—ligand interactions. A central question is whether the ligand induces a conformational change (as described by the induced fit model) or rather selects and stabilizes a complementary conformation from a pre-existing equilibrium of various states of the protein (according to the fluctuation fit/conformational selection model). Straub and Szabolcsi’s role and the factors hindering the spread of the fluctuation fit theory are discussed in the context of the history of the Hungarian biology in the 1950s and 1960s.