bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soviet Diaries of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Peri Alexis
Published: November 2022

To make sense of the unprecedented destruction wrought by World War II, Soviet historians have increasingly turned to diaries for insight into how this conflict was experienced and understood by individual citizens. This essay explores recent historiographical approaches to Soviet wartime diaries by examining the groundbreaking and diverse methods of Oleg Budnitskii, Jochen Hellbeck, and Jeffrey K. Hass, as well as discussing my own research. Using soldiers’ diaries, Budnitskii has illuminated lesser known and taboo aspects of frontline service, complicating both the celebrated myth of the Great Patriotic War and the assumption that Soviet people did not think outside of the categories of Soviet ideology in the process. Hellbeck has investigated Stalin-era practices of diary writing as a tool for perfecting oneself, purging it of bourgeois individualism, and aligning it with collective. Based on this, he has argued that Soviets had a unique self-concept (or subjectivity), which was distinct from the liberal, western tradition. Donning a historical-sociological approach, Hass has studied diaries from the Leningrad Blockade to discern how extreme starvation put pressure on various norms and behavioral logics at work in the besieged community. Drawing inspiration from all of these researchers, my study – also of wartime Leningrad – attends to the cognitive and narrative strategies that Leningraders employed to come to intellectual grips with the siege. I treat the diary as a sense-making text rather than as a laboratory of self.
First World War Diaries. Making the Private Public
Authors: Crinquand Sylvie
Published: November 2022

This article analyses several World War I Diaries written by soldiers on the Front. Starting with the circumstances of publication and their effects on the text, the article addresses the passage of these very private texts into public life, before turning to the role played by the diaries for the soldiers who write them. Studies of the diary as a genre are used to show how war diaries fit into the more general genre. Finally the article turns to the reception of these works, by studying what part literary distance may play for the soldiers keeping a diary, and by arguing that the task of making sense of these texts has been transferred to present-day readers.
Introduction. Movere, corps et monde en résonance
Authors: Feyereisen Justine
Published: November 2022

Movere. De polysemie van dit Latijnse werkwoord onthult een typologie van bewegingen waarmee lichaam en wereld een relatie aangaan. Het dubbele aspect van de transitiviteit (wie zet er in beweging of wie is er in beweging) legt meer de nadruk op het proces dan op het resultaat : de uitwisseling. In de loop van de van de 20e eeuw wordt de ervaring van deze relatie er een van versnelling, gecorreleerd met een logica van ononderbroken groei voor de verwijdering van lichamen en de winning van middelen in naam van de vooruitgang. De toename van de snelheid van de onderlinge transmutaties tussen lichamen en een exponentieel verbonden wereld lijkt de echte drijvende kracht van de moderniteit te zijn. De auteurs putten uit de literatuur om na te denken over de bewegingen tussen het menselijk lichaam en de omgeving (natuurlijk, materieel, sociaal en transcendentaal), ingehaald in deze stroom van continue versnelling. Ze dragen ook bij aan het feit dat de literatuur ideaal geplaatst is om de convergentie van het lichaam en de wereld te observeren en te ervaren volgens zijn eigen modaliteiten en effecten, zowel de getuige als de actrice van de Tout-Monde – om de Glissantijnse formule te gebruiken.
L’Émotion durassienne. Une arme de destruction massive
Authors: Doneux-Daussaint Isabelle
Published: November 2022

L’article se propose d’analyser dans une perspective pragmatico-narrative le lien que Marguerite Duras noue entre l’émotion, le mouvement et le corps. L’hypothèse formulée est que l’émotion se situe au centre de l’écriture durassienne au point de mener la communication entre auteure et lecteur. Qu’elle soit dite, montrée ou étayée, elle agirait comme un tsunami détruisant tout sur son passage jusqu’à atteindre sa cible : l’héroïne spectrale, au corps morcelé, fragmenté tant dans la perception que dans le perçu ; son langage, et celui des instances narratives ; le savoir qu’elle tente de rassembler sur elle comme sur le monde ; mais aussi le carcan du livre et des genres littéraires. Colère, peur, honte sont des émotions plus spécifiques qui convoqueraient la mythologie personnelle de l’auteure ou noueraient un lien profond avec l’acte d’écriture. Ainsi l’étude de toutes les strates du récit, de l’oeuvre à l’auteure, du paratexte au texte, démontrera-t-elle que la communication avec le lecteur ne peut se faire que sur un plan émotionnel, performatif ou non. Entrer en durassie, c’est entrer dans un univers émotionnel fait de perte de sens et de néant où l’écriture seule constitue l’espoir de vivre ou de survivre.
Retour sur « l’élection manquée » de Godefroid de Fontaines au siège épiscopal de Tournai (1300-1301)
Authors: Grandjean Alban
Published: November 2022

L’élection déçue de Godefroid de Fontaines à la tête de l’évêché de Tournai en 1300-1301 constitue sans doute l’un des épisodes les plus marquants de la vie du théologien liégeois. Pourtant, si elle est souvent mentionnée par l’historiographie, ce n’est que très incidemment, n’ayant jamais été étudiée pour elle-même. Le présent article revient sur cet événement au sujet duquel l’historiographie reste divisée. Pour ce faire, nous procédons à un retour exhaustif aux sources de cette histoire et aux divergences de vues de nos devanciers, avant de replacer l’élection de 1300-1301 dans la trajectoire personnelle de Godefroid de Fontaines et dans le contexte de reconfiguration des enjeux politiques et ecclésiologiques des élections épiscopales du temps.
Ghij en waert noeyt goed voor de stede van Ghent ! Verbaal geweld, scheldwoorden en politiek verzet in Gent (1477-1506)
Authors: Plovie Femke , Haemers Jelle
Published: November 2022

This article examines the political discourse of urban dwellers in the late Middle Ages in particular and the public dissent of urban citizens in general. It argues that citizens who were punished for public verbal abuse were not so much criminals as stated by the city council, but rather expressed political ideas or even organized resistance. Sometimes a personal quarrel between a representative from the local authority and a city inhabitant could lead to such verbal abuse, but a systematic analysis of verbal violence addressed by city dwellers to public authority shows that many ‘ ordinary’ citizens actually questioned local power for political purposes. It is also striking that rude language in public space was the ideal instrument to question the legitimacy of the authorities. The register of exiles from the city of Ghent during the 1477 to 1506 period, has become the subject of this research. During these almost 30 years, 345 punishments recorded in the Ballincbouc pertain to persons who had expressed ‘ evil words’. The analysis of these cases shows that citizens of Ghent regularly challenged local authority by means of verbal violence.
Construire et représenter les marges environnementales. L‘exemple des milieux palustres en Toxandrie médiévale (VIIIe-XIIe siècle)
Authors: Jedwab Valentine
Published: November 2022

Het hedendaagse verzinsel die het middeleeuwse moeras het imago van een wilde en dodelijke plaats toewijst blijft weinig bestudeerd als zijnde het resultaat van een narratieve constructie. De afkeer jegens moerassige gebieden in de Middeleeuwen is een duidelijk vooroordeel van historici ; daardoor hebben ze de diversiteit aan interpretaties van moerasgebieden bij oude auteurs lang verduisterd. De literaire ontwaarding van dit type landschap werd daarom zelden bekeken als het gevolg van discursieve strategiën. De studies die tot nu toe gevoerd werden betreffende middeleeuws Texandrië, een gebied dat regelmatig gestigmatiseerd werd omwille van zijn onvruchtbare moerassen, volgen deze tendens. Een aandachtige analyse van de bronnen laat echter vaststellen dat de negatieve perceptie van het moeras, die ver van universeel is, voornamelijk afhangt van de discursieve context die haar produceert. De maatschappelijke hekel aan deze milieus, onder andere onder het voorwendsel van hun onhygiënische toestand, is vanuit een documentair standpunt niet verantwoord. Deze interpretatie, ondersteund door de geschiedschrijving, vertoont het belang van de projectie van hedendaagse percepties op de middeleeuwse milieuproblematiek.
De Rekenkamers van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden :(in)efficiënte instellingen ?
Authors: Aerts Erik
Published: November 2022

Dit artikel evalueert het optreden van de Rekenkamers, de belangrijkste financiële instelling die in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden was opgericht om het beheer van de publieke financiën adequaat te laten verlopen en om het proces van groeiende staatsvorming op financieel vlak te ondersteunen. Op basis van vooral kwalitatieve appreciaties door de tijdgenoten wordt aangetoond dat deze instellingen in hun eeuwenlange bestaan een levenscyclus vertoonden die aanvankelijk werd gekenmerkt door groei en ontwikkeling maar waarin al snel elementen optraden van vertraging, stilstand en zelfs verval. De Rekenkamers hebben tijdens hun eerste decennia efficiënt gewerkt, evenwel zonder in hun optreden meteen een revolutionaire dimensie aan te nemen. Die positieve effecten ebden na een eeuw weg want nauwelijks waren de late middeleeuwen achter de rug of een veel minder gunstig beeld dook op dat tot het einde van het ancien régime nooit helemaal verdwenen is.
The Management of the Forests of the Dukes of Arenberg from 1600 untill 1820
Authors: Berghmans Sander
Published: November 2022

With the rise of wood prices in Western Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, forest owners could increase their revenues. The duke of Arenberg, who owned large forests in the Southern Netherlands, France and the Rhine area, managed to grasp this opportunity. By managing internal and external challenges, the dukes of Arenberg improved the production of their forests considerably over time. This article identifies four managerial changes that contributed to this change. First, the administrative structure and processes in the ducal organisation were upgraded. Second, remuneration policies were adapted to better align the interests of stewards and dukes. Third, the property rights over the forests became more exclusive and lastly, scientific insights percolated through the ducal administration proved beneficial for the forest management practices.
Les « archives africaines ». Généalogie d’un nébuleux patrimoine colonial partagé
Authors: Bernardo y Garcia Luis Angel
Published: November 2022

Pilier et enjeu d’une histoire et d’une mémoire coloniales «en partage » entre la Belgique, la République démocratique du Congo, le Rwanda et le Burundi, les archives coloniales publiques belges – dites «Archives africaines » – constituent depuis plusieurs décennies déjà un matériau inestimable et incontournable pour la communauté scientifique et sa cohorte d’africanistes belges et étrangers. Paradoxalement, ces quelque 9,5 kilomètres linéaires d’archives en cours de transfert vers les Archives de l’État sont encore méconnus quant à leurs composantes et aux processus de production, de conservation et d’ouverture à la recherche. Or, seule une connaissance approfondie de la généalogie des «archives africaines » peut assurer une compréhension nuancée des enjeux, attentes et défis complexes autour de ce patrimoine archivistique autant en termes de bonne conservation et d’accessibilité que de restitution ou de «patrimoine partagé » .
Analisis Waiting Time, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kepercayaan terhadap Loyalitas dengan Kepuasan sebagai Pemediasi
Authors: Ardoni Ardoni
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waiting time, kualitas pelayanan dan kepercayaan terhadap loyalitas pasien dengan menggunakan kepuasan pasien sebagai variabel intervening. Pada penelitian ini, objek yang digunakan adalah Rumah Sakit Paru Sumatera Barat. Cara penentuan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan metode simple random sampling sehingga dari 8.322 populasi diperoleh sampel sebanyak 100 pasien. Data pada penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian berhasil membuktikan bahwa:  waiting time berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pasien, kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pasien, Kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pasien,waiting time berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pasien, kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pasien, kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pasien,  kepuasan pasien berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pasien.
PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND PREGNANCY
Authors: ISLAMOVA O.V. , MEDVED V.I. , KYRYLCHUK M.E. , ISLAMOVA G.O.
Published: November 2022

Portal hypertension (PH) is a pathological condition characterized by a persistent increase in pressure in the portal vein pool (>10 mmHg) caused by blood circulation blockage at various levels of the portal system. PH is accompanied by the varicose veins development (VV) of the esophagus and stomach. With the progression of the main disease, severe complications of PH occur (bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach, liver failure). The combination of PH and pregnancy is a serious problem in practical obstetrics. This article is devoted to a review of the literature on the issues of PH and pregnancy. The classifications of PH, VV of the esophagus and stomach are considered. Modern views on the possibility of carrying a pregnancy with PH, on the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period are given. Also about the tactics of managing gestation, methods and terms of childbirth, risks of developing complications of PH and pregnancy, treatment of PH and its complications
Juan Gelman y Paco Urondo: el Che y su muerte-vida
Authors: Redondo Nilda
Published: November 2022

La revista Casa de las Américas, en su edición de enero-febrero de 1968, publica un número dedicado al Che Guevara, asesinado en octubre del año anterior, en Bolivia. Juan Gelman y Francisco Urondo escriben para esta convocatoria: el primero, “Pensamientos”, que publicará luego en su libro Cólera Buey de 1971; el segundo, “Descarga”. Ambos poetas se incorporarán finalmente a las FAR. Ernesto Che Guevara en “El Socialismo y el hombre en Cuba” había convocado especialmente a artistas e intelectuales a salir de su “jaula invisible”, autoeducar su propia subjetividad egoísta y trabajar para la revolución socialista. Pero no eran solo ellxs quienes debían modificarse permanentemente, sino todxs. No alcanzaría con la construcción de las bases económicas y sociales hacia un nuevo orden material, sino que debían revolucionarse en el ser colectivo. También sostenía el Che que el momento era siempre: que la humanidad había dicho basta puesto que la ignominia había llegado a su fondo. El tiempo-ahora y la nueva subjetividad construida pacientemente y de forma individual y colectiva convocaba a artistas, poetas e intelectuales a realizar su aporte. De allí el desconsuelo y desamparo ante su asesinato.
Che Guevara: la retórica del partisano
Authors: Iriarte Ignacio
Published: November 2022

En la primera parte de este texto hago una descripción de los homenajes que se realizaron a Ernesto Che Guevara a principios de octubre de 1987, durante el XX Aniversario de su muerte. Expongo las razones generales de estos homenajes, centrándome especialmente en el Proceso de Rectificación. En la segunda parte abordo la poesía sobre Guevara que se publicó en la época y sostengo que el elemento central de los textos es la prosopopeya, que consiste en este caso en darle voz y rostro a un muerto. En la tercera parte demuestro que esta forma de poiesis invade todos los discursos de octubre de 1987. En el último apartado retomo los desarrollos anteriores y sostengo que en esta época Guevara encarna la figura del partisano, lo que explica la importancia política y cultural que posee dentro de Cuba.
Ahuecar al Che. Entrevista a Víctor Hugo Robles
Authors: Barbeira Candelaria , Fernández Rocío
Published: November 2022

Víctor Hugo Robles (1969) es periodista y activista político de la diversidad sexual. En 1993 crea, desde el Movimiento de Liberación Homosexual (MOVILH), Triángulo Abierto, primer programa radial de homosexuales y lesbianas en Chile. Durante diez años es editor de la Revista VIVOPOSITIVO de la Coordinadora Nacional de Personas Viviendo con VIH/SIDA, tarea que continúa en la actualidad con la emisión Siempre Viva en Vivo. Desde 1996 realiza performances y acciones estético-políticas de alto impacto que surgen de una voluntad de “politizar la homosexualidad y homosexualizar la política”. Su militancia se ve acompañada por la investigación periodística, cuyo resultado se aprecia en el libro Bandera hueca. Historia del Movimiento Homosexual en Chile (Cuarto Propio, 2008).
Cámara, Mario. El archivo como gesto. Tres recorridos en torno a la modernidad brasileña. Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2022
Authors: Patiño Roxana
Published: November 2022

Reseña sobre Cámara, Mario. El archivo como gesto. Tres recorridos en torno a la modernidad brasileña. Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2022.
Factors Related to the Satisfaction Level of Pregnant Mothers in Antanetal Care Services Hutabayu Puskesmas, Simalungun Regency in 2022
Authors: Nurmawan Siti
Published: November 2022

In the era of globalization, quality in service is an indicator for achieving competitive advantage. The determining factor of customer satisfaction is the quality of the service. Universities that continue to adapt are driven by very fast global changes. (Fahmi and Dkk 2020). Service quality can be measured by comparing the perception of the expected service with the service received and felt by the patient. Patient satisfaction is the level of the patient's feelings after comparing with his expectations. If a patient is satisfied with the value provided by the product or service, he is very likely to become a customer for a long time. Indirect factors that cause high maternal and infant mortality rates include the low level of mother's knowledge and the irregular frequency of Ante Natal Care examinations. Ante Natal care is a service provided to pregnant women on a regular basis to maintain the health of the mother and baby. Quality Ante Natal Care services can increase public trust and satisfaction with health services provided by midwives and Puskesmas. Satisfaction is a human who has compared in terms of performance and also the expected results through the level of one's feelings. In another theory written by Wilton, it is stated that satisfaction or dissatisfaction is the result of the final evaluation of the customer response, namely the suitability that has been felt by the customer with the expectation that the performance of the product can be felt after the customer uses it. (Abarca 2021)
Prediction of the sewing standard time based on process
difficulty coefficient
Authors: YIBING SHAO , XIAOFEN JI , MENGLIN ZHENG , HAINA SHEN
Published: November 2022

In garment production, the standard time is a unit widely used for production planning and calculating cost. It is very
difficult to prepare manufacturing plans, short term and long-term forecasts, pricing, and other technical and managerial
activities in a garment company without true standard time data. Therefore, standard time prediction as the core of
standard time quota management is directly related to economic accounting, production schedule control, resource
optimization, production cycles shortening, cost control and product quotation. The sewing process can be regarded as
the most critical step for the entire garment production, substantially completing the shape of the garment. To achieve
fast and accurate sewing process standard time prediction, this paper established the evaluation indicators for sewing
process difficulty, obtained the weight of each expert to indicators analysed with analytic hierarchy process, and made
group utility function to calculate the difficulty coefficient. The relationship between the sewing processes standard time
and the difficulty coefficient was determined to predict the unknown standard time by curve fitting. The effectiveness and
usability of this method were verified by examples. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could be a good
alternative to existing prediction methods
Problem-solving prior to instruction in learning motor skills - initial self-determined practice improves javelin throwing performance
Authors: Loibl Katharina , Leukel Christian
Published: November 2022

A question that many parents face when their child learns motor skills like riding a bicycle concerns the temporal order of instruction and self-determined practice. In physical education, a systematic evaluation of this temporal order on learning outcomes is so far missing. In the present study, ninety 7th graders learned javelin throwing. They either received instruction on the technical movement features of javelin throwing before self-determined practice (I-PS), or they started with self-determined practice and received the instruction afterwards (PS-I). We measured changes in throwing distance and changes in performance of technical features of the throws. Students with PS-I, but not students with I-PS, significantly increased javelin throwing distance and improved technical features. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms of these effects, in particular the role of awareness of knowledge gaps through initial practice that could be elaborated on during subsequent instruction, and the suppression of implicit learning processes with instruction.
Hubungan Penggunaan Obat-obatan Antihipertensi dengan Terjadinya Xerostomia
Authors: Supit Keynes Y. , Wowor Vonny N. S. , Mintjelungan Christy N.
Published: November 2022

Abstract: The use of antihypertensive drugs in addition to controlling high blood pressure, but can also cause side effects inter alia xerostomia, a sign or symptom of dry mouth felt by a person. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the use of antihypertensive drugs with the occurrence of xerostomia. This was a literature review study using databases of Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Literatures were selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria and a critical appraisal was carried out. The results obtained five literatures. There was an effect of using antihypertensive drugs amlodipine and captopril on the occurrence of xerostomia, however, there was no significant difference in the amount of respondents’ saliva (p>0.05). Antihypertensive drugs amlodipine (93.33%) and captopril (83.33%) both caused a decrease in salivary flow rate. A small proportion (29%) of respondents using antihypertensive drugs experienced xerostomia. There was a higher prevalence of xerostomia in respondents using antihypertensive drugs compared to those who did not use antihypertensive drugs (p<0.05). From 100% of xerostomia patients, there were 38.46% taking antihypertensive drugs. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the use of anti-hypertensive drugs and the occurrence of xerostomia.Keywords: xerostomia; hypertension; antihypertensive drugs Abstrak: Penggunaan obat antihipertensi di samping dapat mengontrol tekanan darah tinggi, namun dapat juga menimbulkan efek samping, salah satunya ialah xerostomia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan obat–obatan antihipertensi dengan terjadinya xerostomia. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review menggunakan database Google Scholar, PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Literatur diseleksi melalui kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta dilakukan critical appraisal sehingga diperoleh lima literatur. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan adanya pengaruh penggunaan obat antihipertensi amlodipin dan katopril terhadap terjadinya xerostomia, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah saliva pada responden yang mengonsumsi obat amlodipin dan kaptopril. Pada responden yang menggunakan obat anti hipertensi amlodipin (93,33%) dan kaptopril (83,33%) terdapat laju aliran saliva yang menurun. Sebagian kecil responden (29%) pengguna obat antihipertensi mengalami xerostomia. Prevalensi xerostomia lebih tinggi pada responden pengguna obat antihipertensi dibandingkan yang tidak menggunakan obat antihipertensi (p<0,05). Dari 100% penderita xerostomia, terdapat 38,46% yang mengonsumsi obat antihipertensi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan antara penggunaan obat anti hipertensi dengan terjadinya xerostomia. Kata kunci: xerostomia; hipertensi; obat antihipertensi
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN KINERJA KEUANGAN SEBELUM DAN MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI BERBAGAI SUB SEKTOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR
Authors: FUJIANTI LAILAH
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan kinerja keuangan dari segi likuiditas, leverage dan profitanilitas sebelum dan saat pandemic covid-19 pada 3 (tiga)  sub sektor industri dalam  perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019 – 2020. Tiga sub sektor tersebut meliputi  industri  aneka industri, industri dasar dan kimia serta industri barang konsumsi. Sampel penelitian dikoleksi berdasarkan metode purposive sampling dan berdasakan hal tersebut jumlah sampel masing- masing industri adalah 27, 54 dan 58 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada  perbedaan signifikan kinerja keuangan dari likuiditas dan leverage  sebelum dan masa pandemic covid 19 pada tiga sub sektor industri tersebut. Akan tetapi dari segi profitabilitas menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Kinerja keuangan  profitabilitas pada sektor industri aneka industri dan industri barang konsumsi ada perbedaan signifikan sedangkan pada industri dasar dan kimia tidak terjadi perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan masa pandemic covid 19.  Kinerja keuangan dari profitabilitas  meningkat pada sub sektor aneka industri sedangkan di sub sektor barang konsumsi mengalami penuruan sebelum dan masa pandemic covid.

Key words: Kinerja keuangan, likuiditas, leverage, profitabilitas, manufaktur
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI IMPOR CENGKIH INDONESIA
Authors: Hasibuan Almanico Islamy , Syaukat Yusman , Falatehan A. Faroby
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTOne of plantation commodities that has potential to become a source of foreign exchange for Indonesia is cloves (Syzigium aromaticum L. Marr. and Perr.). National cloves production fluctuates, so that in cloves production it is known as the big, medium, and small harvest. The clove cigarette industry is the main consumer because it absorbs 95% of the national clove production which is used as the main raw material in producing. This causes the volume of cloves to exported reduced. Apart from being a clove exporting country, Indonesia also imports. Cloves used in this study are cloves with the (HS) code 0907 (Whole fruit, cloves, and stems). Indonesia imports cloves to meet domestic demand, especially from the cigarette industry. Appropriate government policies related to cloves import are important, so that supply of cloves in both domestic and world markets is met. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the development of Indonesia's clove and trade policy and its implications for volume and value of clove imports.

Key words: Cloves import, cloves import policy, Cochrane-Orcutt method, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).

ABSTRAKSalah satu komoditas perkebunan yang berpotensi menjadi sumber devisa Indonesia adalah cengkih (Syzigium aromaticum L. Marr. and Perr.). Produksi cengkih nasional sering mengalami fluktuasi, sehingga dikenal panen raya, panen sedang, dan panen kecil. Industri rokok kretek merupakan konsumen utama cengkih karena menyerap 95% produksi cengkih nasional yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku utama dalam berproduksi. Selain sebagai negara pengekspor cengkih, Indonesia juga melakukan impor cengkih. Cengkih dalam penelitian ini menggunakan cengkih dengan kode (HS) 0907(Whole fruit, cloves, and stems). Indonesia melakukan impor cengkih untuk memenuhi permintaan domestik. Kebijakan pemerintah yang tepat terkait impor cengkih sangat penting agar persediaan cengkih baik di pasar domestik maupun pasar dunia terpenuhi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan cengkih dan kebijakan impor cengkih Indonesia dan implikasinya terhadap volume dan nilai impor cengkih.

Kata kunci: Impor cengkih, kebijakan impor cengkih, metode Cochrane-Orcutt, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).
Analisis Penggunaan Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (EBI) Dalam Teks Eksplanasi Siswa Kelas XI SMA Ekasakti Padang
Authors: Marisya Susanti , Putri Neza Eka
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya peserta didik yang mengabaikan penulisan yang menggunakan ejaan bahasa Indonesia yang benar dan mengangap bahwa ejaan tidak perlu diterapkan dalam penulisan. Peserta didik terbiasa menulis tanpa memperhatikan ejaan yang benar sehingga tulisan yang dihasilkan siswa kurang efektif. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan pemakaian ejaan bahasa Indonesia, yang ditinjau berdasarkan pemakaian huruf, pemakaian tanda baca, dan penulisan kata depan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian  kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah hasil tulisan teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMA Ekasakti Padang berjumlah 30 teks. Data penelitian berupa huruf, kata, dan klausa dari teks eksplanasi yang memakai ejaan bahasa Indonesia yang benar dan salah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan hasil tulisan teks eksplanasi siswa yang kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan aspek yang diteliti. Analisis data menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Teknik pengabsahan data menggunakan teknik sumber dan teori.

Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat disimpulkan. Pertama, kesalahan penggunaan huruf kapital menjad hal yang paling sering dlakukan siswa karena siswa kurang memahami kaidah penggunaan ejaaan bahasa Indonesia yang benar. Kedua, kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca juga dilakukan siswa dalam penulisan. Penempatan tanda titik dua dan tanda koma menjadi hal yang sering dilakukan siswa dalam menulis. Ketiga, penulisan preposisi menjadi hal yang sering dilakukan siswa karena siswa tidak mampu memahami penggunaan dan penulisan preposisi.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Role in COVID-19 Myocardial Injury
Authors: Damayanti Triya , Juliana Mega , Hanifah Yasmina , Burhan Erlina , Ramadhany Putri Suci
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic that affected the lives of billion individuals. The clinical spectrum of the disease varies from asymptomatic form to severe manifestation in term of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock and septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Clinical studies have also reported an association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular manifestation, such as myocardial injury, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and thromboembolism. Myocardial injury has been reported frequently and is associated with high mortality. The currently approved strategies for COVID-19 are supportive rather than curative treatment. Cell-based approaches, primarily using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has demonstrated safety and possible efficacy as an adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 patient. Mesenchymal stem cells have shown important role in the therapy of cardiovascular disease due to their prominent features including their ability to differentiate into cardiovascular cells, immunomodulatory properties, antifibrotic activity and ability to undergo neovasculogenic.
Surfactant Protein A Serum Level in Cement Worker
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Andarini Sita Laksmi , Ilyas Muhammad , Santoso Arif , Hudoyo Ahmad , Djaharudin Irawaty , Iskandar Harun , Tabri Nur Ahmad
Published: November 2022

Background: Pneumoconiosis occurs almost in entire worldwide. Pneumoconiosis had threatened cement workers. Serologic abnormalities had found in pneumoconiosis. Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) levels increased in silica-exposed workers. Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) may be a helpful biomarker for the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, but it has not yet been studied in Indonesia.Methods: The design of this study was observational with cross-sectional. A sampling of cement-exposed workers was done by consecutive sampling. The subjects were 88, approach population of 67 cement exposed workers from September 2017 – March 2018 and 17 healthy people as control. The serum level of SP-A was measured by the ELISA method. Cement exposed workers is a worker in the production area and workers in the quarry area.Results: The total number of research subjects met the criteria was 67, and the control subjects were 21. The mean serum SP-A level in the study subject group or the exposed group was 6.02 ng/ml, and the mean SP-A level in the control group was 4.50 ng/ml. The difference in SP-A levels between the exposed and control groups was different but not significant, with value of P=0.084.Conclusion: SP-A levels in the exposed and control groups were different but not statistically significant.
PUBLICATIONS CONTROL IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Venter H.L.
Published: November 2022

The South African publications control system has, during the past two to three years, shown much greater tolerance than it has been given credit for. To Jessen negative perceptions, the public should be infonned about the current state of affairs and the concessions already made in the current application of the existing legiSlation. This article also provides details of arguments considered during the drafting of the new Film and Publications Bill, aswell as details of, and comments on the proposed procedures with regards to future classification of publications and films. The meaning and effect of claSSifications, age restrictions and new proposals such as adult premises, are also explained.
LAST WORD WHY SOUTH AFRICANS DON'T GET THE NEWSPAPERS THEY DESERVE
Authors: Owen Ken
Published: November 2022

None
INSIGHTS INTO CANINE COMMUNICATION AND INTERSPECIFIC MISINTERPRETATIONS
Authors: Swanepoel Nicolene
Published: November 2022

By providing background on ca· nine olfactory, auditory and visual communication, this paper hopes to clarify common human misin· terpretations of dog behaviour. Visual displays are subdivided into displays of rank (dominant and submissive), and displays of erno· tion (aggression and fear). Tail wagging, friendly communication, greeting behaviour in dogs. compared to the human handshake, as well as attention seeking behaviour are discussed. The influence of human selection in breeding on visual displays illustrates the effect of human interference in canine communication. The paper does not aspire to be recognised as a critical academical investigation, or to provide documentation of original research. It merely attempts to provide insight through basic theoretical comments, supported in part by existing literature, and in part by the author's own experience.
THE LAST WORD SPEECH OF DEPUTY PRESIDENT THABO MBEKI AT THE INAUGURA TION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL EDITORS FORUM
Authors: Communicare
Published: November 2022

None
DIASPORA AND POSTMODERN FECUNDITY
Authors: Ghosh Bishnupriya , Sarkar Bhaskar
Published: November 2022

Central to the experience of postmodernity is the increase in, and the intensification of, transnational encounters. The globalization of capital, culture, work-forces, and identities leads to patterns of homogenization whose totalizing tendency is undercut by intense fragmentation and the local play of differences. Thus Coca-Cola and IBM feel the need to acknowledge the heterogenity of the world market, even as they capture it. The increased productivity in economic and cultural terms marks the postmodem as remarkably fecund. This perception of fecundity comes from the various, and often opposing, groups on the pOlitical continuum.1 The 'triumph' of transnational capital in Asia and the entry of Eastern Europe into the capitalist fold have created unprecedented economic and financial flows. Simultaneously, the antifoundational dismantling of epistemological hierarchies release long-repressed energies that create new flows and open up fresh possibilities. These new flows and structurations require cognitive refigurations, as older modes of knowing the world have become inadequate. The nation is one social and cul-tural formation that has come to be rigorously Interrogated in the light of the global-local· dynamisms. A rise in the volume of migrations and the increasing visibility of varied diasporas - communities that transcend the geopolitical boundaries of the nation-state - demand a new sense of national belonging: national heritage, essence, tradition etc. have lost their immanent valences. For instance, Chow (1993) stresses the need to "unlearn Chinese ness" in order to foster Chinese diasporic identity. Our object of study is the Indian diaspora as it redefines the Indian nation. We look at specific political controversies among immigrant/expatriate Indians about what it means to be properly Indian. We trace the Indian diaspora's relation to 'home' and 'host' nations in cinematic representations originating both in and outside of India. As diasporic cultural productions are celebrated as part and parcel of the glob~1 postmodernism, we use this occasion to take a hard look at the promises of postmodern fecundity.
Contemplating the future of "development communication" in South Africa today
Authors: Burton Simon
Published: November 2022

This arlicle offers some reffections on the state of developmentcommunication in South Africa, and suggests that closer attention needs topaid to the theoretical underpinnings of communication for development'practices, the emerging institutional contexts and the capacity building thatis required in a rapid change situation. It suggests that academics and practitioners need to find a middle waythrough the 'anything goes' and 'developmentalism' poles of the debateabout how best to use communication for development. particularly in thelight of the new Government Communications and Information Serviceand the Poverly and Inequality Report.
Setting new standards for health communication in South Africa
Authors: Verwey Sonja , Crystal Andrea
Published: November 2022

Prior to the 1994 election, health care was a privilege enjoyed only bysome sectors of the community. After the election health care wasentrenched in the constitution through section 27(1) that states thateveryone has a right to have access to health seNices.The challenge the ANC led government faces is to balance themaintenance of tertiary care service with the simultaneous upgrading of. primary care seNices. The strategy adopted by the Department of Healthis to regulate the industry and educate the public. Although this strategicapproach is designed to promote and provide healthcare to al/ SouthAfricans, it appears to be failing. According to the Economist IntelligenceUnit the health status of South Africa is the poorest of all 27 countriesmeasured. During the first two years of the new health care system manycrises occurred. According to the Director General of Health, some of thecrises were the result of the long neglect of apartheid while other crisesrelate directly to the lack of skill in communication.This article argues that improved communication at all levels is anecessary prereqUisite if South Africa is to improve the health status of ourpopulation.
Information campaigns and local authorities
Authors: Burger Mariekie
Published: November 2022

The new constitution links the duties of local governments to development,implying that the financial dilemma of local authorities caused by theculture of non~payment for municipal services, should be seen in the lightof the deve/opment~rientated situation in South Africa. As the failures ofthe authoritarian top-down development approach became evident, it is not'8 solution to remove the electricity cables of non-payers, neither is it asolution to modify behaviour only. The motivation behind a campaignaiming at correcting the situation should focus on the capacity building inthe community, which is in line with participatory development and DSCthinking. This can only be· done in a participatory situation, whereinformation is released about the operations of the local authority, and thecommunity is educated about the functions and processes taking place inthe local authority. In a workshop situation, the needs of the communityshould be prioritised, in order to address those needs. It is believed that byunderstanding the various functions and operations of the local authority,attitudes of the community will change towards the local authority, and thatsuch change might lead to a change in the culture of non~payment.
Inventory of Pests and Intensity of Fruit Fly Attacks (Bactrocera dorsalis) on Curly Red Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.) in Sido Luhur Farmer Group of Cabeyan Village
Authors: Endang Suprapti  , Budiyono Agus , Dewi Tyas Soemarah Kurnia , Daryanti  , Wiyono  , Hermawan Dicky
Published: November 2022

Curly red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a horticultural plant that has high economic value. So many people are cultivating it. Chili plants are susceptible to the attack of Plant Disrupting Organisms (OPT) which can decrease the production yield and quality of chili harvests. One of the potentially damaging Plant Disrupting Organisms is pests, whose presence in chili plants is very diverse. The life cycle and eating activities are very detrimental to farmers because it will reduce the yield of chili plants. The purpose of this study is to find out the diversity of pest types and to determine the rate of attack from fruit fly pests (Bactrocera dorsalis) on the curly red chili plant (Capsicum annum L.). Research has been carried out in Cabeyan Village, Bendosari district, Sukoharjo. October 1, 2020 – February 28, 2021. The study used observational, descriptive, and interview methods. Data collection is done directly and sampling using random sampling methods. In this study found several types of pests consisting of 12 species divided into 11 species into phylum Artropoda and 1 Species of Phylum Mollusca. As well as the rate of attack of fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis) with the highest average intensity of attack at 76% of the attack scale is very heavy.
Domiciliosgt.com, sistema móvil de información para la compra y venta de productos en el área metropolitana de la Ciudad de Guatemala
Authors: Rodriguez Martinez Libardo
Published: November 2022

Las plataformas que se encuentran actualmente en el mercado de Guatemala cuentan con servicio a domicilio limitado. La falta de soluciones eficaces, seguras y que generen una agradable experiencia de usuario, justifica la creación de un sistema que proponga una arquitectura adecuada y un modelo de comunicación entre sistemas DBMS. Por tal motivo se plantea el objetivo de desarrollar una aplicación móvil, para la compra y venta de productos en la Ciudad de Guatemala, para dispositivos con sistema operativo iOS. El método de estudio usado en la investigación midió el rendimiento de la aplicación mediante indicadores que permitieron calcular velocidad, parámetros de seguridad y respuesta de comunicación entre DBMS; por otro lado, el estudio en su parte cualitativa evaluó la experiencia por medio de la opinión de los usuarios al interactuar con un prototipo funcional. Se demostró que una arquitectura nativa asegura la independencia respecto a la interfaz de usuario, con una ganancia considerable del rendimiento, sin mencionar el control total de todos los recursos disponibles del móvil. Este tipo de arquitectura se adapta en su totalidad con las funcionalidades y características del dispositivo, obteniendo de esta forma una mayor experiencia de usuario (UX). Se pudo concluir que la arquitectura móvil implementada, genera un balance favorable entre eficiencia, experiencia de usuario y seguridad, en dispositivos con sistema operativo iOS.
Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Macular Thickness in Amblyopia
Authors: Subedi Santosh , Baba Shrestha Jyoti , Kumar Sharma Anand , Sapkota Jyoti
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Amblyopia is reduced visual acuity in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development in early part of life. Purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT) between amblyopic and fellow (normal) eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: This was a hospital based, cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology, B.P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS), Institute of Medicine (IOM), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). All consecutive cases of age ≥5 years and ≤15 years diagnosed with unilateral amblyopia from January 2013 to June 2014 were included in this study. RNFL and macular thicknesses were measured using SD-OCT and compared between fellow eyes.

Results: A total of 32 cases with unilateral amblyopia, 19 with hypermetropic anisometropic, 4 with myopic anisometropic and 9 with strabismic amblyopia were enrolled in the study. The mean age of presentation was 9.75±2.77 years. The mean CMT in amblyopic eyes (241±45.27 μm) was significantly greater than the normal fellow eyes (233.22±44.24 μm), p= 0.042. The difference remained significant in hypermetropic anisometropic group but not in myopic anisometropic and strabismic group. The mean RNFL thickness was similar in amblyopic (104.16±13.64 μm) and fellow eyes (104.03±13.06 μm).

Conclusions: The CMT was significantly greater in the amblyopic eyes than the normal fellow eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between the amblyopic and normal eyes.
Platonismo, De Re e (Filosofia da) Prática Matemática
Authors: Panza Marco
Published: November 2022

No presente artigo, expõe-se uma versão acerca do platonismo voltada para uma filosofia da prática matemática, qual seja (tal versão) a de que a matemática pode ser adequadamente explicada como uma atividade intelectual que trata de conteúdos abstratos individuais sui generis, fixados de modo a serem capazes de nos permitir um acesso epistêmico de re a eles. Busca-se deixar claro que essa versão não tem estritamente nada a ver com a existência de tais conteúdos (nem com a veracidade de algumas afirmações sobre eles). Ou melhor, o autor do texto não só não afirma a existência de objetos matemáticos, mas também não a nega.
Russell e Frege sobre a Lógica das Funções
Authors: Linsky Bernard
Published: November 2022

Neste artigo eu comparo a teoria das funções Matemáticas de Russell, às “funções descritivas” do Principia Mathematica ∗30, com a conhecida explicação de Frege das funções como entidades “insaturadas”. Russell analisa termos funcionais com funções proposicionais e a teoria de descrições definidas. Este é o principal papel técnico da teoria das descrições em Filosofia Matemática. No The Principles of Mathematics e alguns escritos inéditos anteriores a 1905, Russell ofereceu críticas explícitas ao relato de funções de Frege. Consequentemente, a teoria das descrições em “On Denoting” pode ser vista como uma parte crucial da maior redução logicista da Matemática de Russell, bem como uma excursão à teoria da referência.