bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fonction auteur entre épistémologie et éthique. Sur les traces de Michel Foucault
Authors: Bernardo Luís Manuel A. V.
Published: March 2021

La fameuse « fonction auteur » de Michel Foucault (1969) a posé les termes de la question pour une génération au moins. Elle se confond avec le procès de la modernité : toujours corrélé à son oeuvre, l’auteur est indissociable de l’ordre du discours et de la façon dont cette fonction prend corps au long de l’histoire. Pourtant, les enjeux qu’elle implique sont encore à discuter et méritent d’être repris à la lumière des perspectives les plus récentes. Cet article se propose ainsi de relire la fonction auteur, au-delà des positions textualistes, dans le cadre plus général d’une critique de la culture, en mettant en évidence la dialectique entre contrôle et libération qui l’anime ainsi que les choix épistémologiques et éthiques qui s’y mêlent.
L’AGENTIVITÉ DES ENSEIGNANTS APRÈS UN MASTER DE FORMATION INTERNATIONALE : LES IMPLICATIONS SUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT PROFESSIONNEL
Authors: Impedovo Maria Antonietta
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, nous étudions l’agentivité des enseignants après leur participation à une maîtrise master de formation internationale en éducation à la recherche. 16 enseignants, originaires de divers pays africains, ont été soumis à un entretien semi-structuré à la fin d’un master de formation. Les données collectées ont été analysées qualitativement à travers des catégories thématiques. Les entretiens ont mis en lumière la façon dont les enseignants ont exprimé leur agentivité à la suite de leur participation au master de formation. A la fin du master, les aspects d’analyse de la perception d’agentivité pris en considération sont ceux en relation avec les choix professionnels, la communauté scholastique d’appartenance, les pratiques professionnelles acquises lors de la formation à la recherche ainsi que l’agentivité pour transformer les pratiques professionnelles personnelles et collectives.
15 años 'googleando'
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: March 2021

Aunque parezca mentira, una herramienta tan indispensable hoy en día como es Google celebra sus primeros 15 año. A finales de septiembre de 1998, Sergey Brin y Larry Page crearon la empresa en un pequeño garaje que habían alquilado a su amiga Susan Wojcicki, actual directora del área comercial de la compañía.
Lugares comunes
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2021

Entre las muchas cosas que cambian cuando cambian las tecnologías están nuestros hábitos de lectura y escritura. Para ir más allá de lo que tiene de obvio esta afirmación, puede ser interesante identificar en los entramados de la historia moderna algunas prácticas cotidianas a través de las cuales, casi sin que nos demos cuenta, se van consolidando las grandes transformaciones sociales.
Mapas del conocimiento regionales para la inteligencia territorial
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: March 2021

En la Jornada sobre Inteligencia Territorial del pasado octubre, Christian Wartena y Montserrat Garcia Alsina presentaron los mapas de conocimiento territoriales como un instrumento al servicio de la innovación y el desarrollo sostenible de las regiones. Este artículo explica qué son y cómo se hacen estos mapas de conocimiento.
De buen rollo
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: March 2021

Si hace un par de meses leíamos un reportaje donde se aseguraba que Barcelona es la cuarta ciudad más creativa del mundo, detrás de San Francisco, Londres y Nueva York , es porque los barceloneses tienen mucho que ver. Uno de los rasgos importantes a la hora de decidir cuáles son estas ciudades que destacan por su creatividad es el talento, la calidad y el estilo de vida, la hospitalidad y la actitud positiva y abierta de su gente.
El valor del independiente
Authors: Rubí Puga Xavier
Published: March 2021

El cine en España vive una crisis estructural agudizada en 2013. Las causas, múltiples y diversas, exigen estrategias y cambios de mentalidad a la industria. En un momento así, el rol de la distribución independiente es clave para dinamizar el sector del cine. Una industria cinematográfica sin empresas independientes pierde en riqueza, interés y capacidad de adaptación.
¿Hacia dónde va la inversión publicitaria?
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: March 2021

Los cambios económicos de los últimos años han comportado una creciente incertidumbre en todos y cada uno de los ámbitos sociales. El panorama mediático no podía ser una excepción. La creciente demanda de tecnología, como el incremento de los smartphones, un consumidor instruido que se muestra cada vez más exigente, y la mala situación económica por la que pasan la gran mayoría de los anunciantes hacen que el reparto del pastel publicitario sea ahora más complejo que nunca.
Unilateral termination of construction contract: comparative analysis of civil Legislation and international contract forms
Authors: Varavenko Victor Evgenyevich , Ostroukhova Valeriya Andreevna
Published: March 2021

The subject of this research is the similarities and differences between the contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations for application in the sphere of investment construction activity (contracts terms for engineering, procurement, construction/ for turnkey projects, second edition of 2017, developed by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), framework “turnkey” contract for large projects, first edition of 2007, developed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)) and the norms of national civil legislation (Parts I and II of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) that regulate unilateral termination of construction contracts. The novelty of this research lies in conducting a comparative analysis of Russian legislation and contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations. The examination of foreign experience in the sphere of legal regulation of termination of contract are based on analysis of the norms of contract law of the national legal systems of foreign countries. However, according to the foreign authors, contract law within the systems of both, general and continental law, was developing in seclusion, without substantial influence of one national system upon another. International influence upon the national contract law emerged relatively recently in the sphere of foreign economic activity. At the same time, the key factor for mutual enrichment of the national systems of contract law became the use of international contract forms, which contributed to the unification of contractual regulation of the relations of obligation in national jurisdictions. Their influence upon the development of contract law was far more substantial than even the development of international conventions with substantive law regulations.
The achromatic number of K_{6} □ K_{7} is 18
Authors: Horňák Mirko
Published: March 2021

A vertex colouring \(f:V(G)\to C\) of a graph \(G\) is complete if for any two distinct colours \(c_1, c_2 \in C\) there is an edge \(\{v_1,v_2\}\in E(G)\) such that \(f(v_i)=c_i\), \(i=1,2\). The achromatic number of \(G\) is the maximum number \(\text{achr}(G)\) of colours in a proper complete vertex colouring of \(G\). In the paper it is proved that \(\text{achr}(K_6 \square K_7)=18\). This result finalises the determination of \(\text{achr}(K_6 \square K_q)\).
Dimension of the intersection of certain Cantor sets in the plane
Authors: Pedersen Steen , Shaw Vincent T.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we consider a retained digits Cantor set \(T\) based on digit expansions with Gaussian integer base. Let \(F\) be the set all \(x\) such that the intersection of \(T\) with its translate by \(x\) is non-empty and let \(F_{\beta}\) be the subset of \(F\) consisting of all \(x\) such that the dimension of the intersection of \(T\) with its translate by \(x\) is \(\beta\) times the dimension of \(T\). We find conditions on the retained digits sets under which \(F_{\beta}\) is dense in \(F\) for all \(0\leq\beta\leq 1\). The main novelty in this paper is that multiplication the Gaussian integer base corresponds to an irrational (in fact transcendental) rotation in the complex plane.
The Value of Night in English Poetry of The Romantic Period (1757-1822)
Authors: Mahil Abd Allah Mohamed Jabraddar
Published: March 2021

This study has attempted to examine the value of night in English poetry of the Romantic period (1757–1822). It has aimed to establish how the writers of English poetry of the Romantic period highlight the value of night and images of nature involved in creating this value, while also realising the importance of night in life, according to the poems examined in this study. Three poems of the English poetry of the Romantic period (1757–1822), were used as data for the current study. The poems were analysed quantitatively – the occurrence of the expressions, words and phrases highlighting the value of night were recorded. Results showed that the poets highlight the value of night as an image of nature. Besides, the poets believe that night is a sign of beauty and tranquillity in human life.
A Study on Institutional Improvement Measures for Efficient Fire Investigation
Authors: Lee Jong-in , Choi Don-Mook
Published: March 2021

The ultimate purpose of investigating the cause of a fire at a fire site is to prevent fire-related disasters and protect people's lives and property from danger. Currently, the domestic fire investigation system is institution-led, and there are no private or academic industry investigation systems. Moreover, if a uniform institution-led fire investigation is erroneous, it is difficult to identify the actual cause of fire. Therefore, it is necessary to classify emotions and emotions, and to minimize errors, it is crucial to introduce a system where people, government, industry, and academia can jointly identify and investigate fires. Therefore, this study intends to introduce an open rather than a closed survey system and share information to provide guidance for supplementing and improving the systemic problem of identifying the cause of fires.
Analysis of the Cause of Suffocation Resulting from Leakage in Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems
Authors: Kang Ho-Jung , Koo Chae-Chil , Jung Ki-Hyuk , Choi Jae-Wook
Published: March 2021

The safety of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities is studied through a fundamental case analysis of leakage accidents in carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities. In Korea, since 2001, there have been 11 accidents caused by leaks from carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities, killing 9 people and injuring more than 60 others. Recently, three subcontractors inhaled CO2 gas from a transportation passage outside a collection chamber, killing two of them and injuring the other. This incident brought social attention to the CO2 fire extinguishing facility in the first basement of S Electronics. In this study, we analyze the cause of the accident (e.g., pressure and temperature changes in the carbon dioxide leakage process) using a one-dimensional transient model, the effects of oxygen and CO2 concentration at the location of the incident, and that these results can be used as basic data to prevent suffocation disaster in carbon dioxide fire extinguishing facilities.
Computational Study of Compartment Size Effects on Backdraft Intensity
Authors: Ha Su-Im , Oh Chang Bo , Baek Bit-Na
Published: March 2021

A computational study was performed to evaluate the effects of compartment size on backdraft intensity. The compartment sizes were selected such that each direction was enlarged by a factor of 2, 2.5, 2.625, and 3 based on the reduced-scale compartment of a previous experimental study. A fire dynamics simulator was used for the computation, and a large eddy simulation and a mixing-controlled fast chemistry combustion model were adopted. Results revealed that the overall equivalence ratio defined by the amounts of fuel inside the compartment and oxygen induced from the opening had similar values at the moment when the air reached the inside wall. The fuel–air mixing inside the compartment was found to be achieved more rapidly with a decreased compartment size. The peaks of pressure and heat release rate inside the compartment increased with an increase in compartment size. However, these peaks were found to increase exponentially with an increase in the ratio of the compartment volume and opening size, and the correlation showed a very high R-squared value.
Haemangioma of Cavernous Sinus- A Case Series
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Bhargava Mohit , Puri Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2021

Extra-axial cavernous sinus haemangioma are rare extra-axial parasellar lesions. These are non-neoplastic lesions, but can behave in a manner like that of neoplastic lesions as their slow growth with progressive enlargement of thin-walled vascular channels may result in extrinsic compression on adjacent retro-orbital neural structures. It is important to diagnose these lesions preoperatively as surgery in these lesions is often complicated by incomplete removal, severe intraoperative haemorrhage and significant operative morbidity and mortality. A parasellar lesion showing homogeneous markedly increased signal on T2 or proton density weighted images with progressive centripetal “filling-in” with contrast on dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) should suggest the diagnosis. We are presenting three interesting cases of cavernous sinus haemangioma.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Pelvis of a Double Moiety Kidney- A Rare Presentation
Authors: Sarkar Debansu , Haldar Bikram , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: March 2021

Neoplasia of the renal pelvis in duplex kidneys is extremely rare, especially in complete renal ureteral duplex cases. A 46-year-old aged male patient had presented with intermittent haematuria for the last seven months. A mildly enhancing well-defined, lobulated mass arising from the pelvis of lower moiety of right kidney was found on evaluation. Confirmatory findings of a renal pelvic malignancy couldn’t be obtained. Infective condition like pyelonephritis couldn’t be excluded. To clear the diagnostic dilemma, flexible ureteroscopy was done which revealed the renal pelvic malignancy. Right lap assisted radical nephroureterectomy was done. Histopathology was suggestive of transitional cell carcinoma. The increased incidence of chronic infection, obstruction and stone formation may be instrumental in producing a higher incidence of renal pelvic tumours in patients with anomalous kidney. Diagnosing a neoplasia originating from a duplex kidney is difficult and often a multiple battery of investigations like intravenous pyelogram, ultrasonography and rigid ureteroscopy may not be useful. Considering the fact that tumour recurrence is high in the ureteric stump after local resection, a total nephroureterectomy seems to be a better treatment choice. Flexible ureteroscope might be the saviour in such doubtful clinical situations to confirm our diagnosis beyond doubt. Partial nephrectomy cannot be recommended unless long-term follow-up reports of such cases are available.
COVID-19 Patients Encountered by a General Surgeon: Seven Unique Scenarios
Authors: Jain Sumita , Mehta Deeksha , Aggarwal Lakshman , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Meena Ram Babu , Dadhich Yogendra , Bansal Somendra
Published: March 2021

With rising demand of surgical interventions post-lockdown due to Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID)-19, surgeons all over the country have restarted their surgical practice. To increase caution and safety, seven scenarios in which surgeons in a Tertiary Care Centre in North India encountered COVID-19 patients during lockdown are being highlighted in the present case series. The main aim was to encourage prompt recognition and isolation of positive patients along with establishment of a clear institutional protocol for surgical practice to keep our system resilient and useful for the population we serve. Clinical and radiological records of eleven patients admitted from 22.3.2020 to 31.5.2020 (period of lockdown) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India were studied separately and concluded consensually by two surgeons and seven unique scenarios in which a surgeon may encounter a COVID-19 patient were identified. First was the COVID-19 positive patient with concurrent symptomatic surgical pathology, second was COVID-19 positive patient incidentally diagnosed with additional surgical pathology and third was a solely surgical patient mimicking COVID-19 positive symptomatology. Fourth was a COVID-19 negative surgical patient acquiring nosocomial COVID-19 infection, fifth was COVID-19 positive surgical patient with false negative COVID-19 test report, sixth was COVID-19 suspected by intraoperative unusual intestinal findings and then, getting postoperative COVID-19 test positive for the patient and last was COVID-19 patients requiring elective surgical procedures.
Propofol vs Sevoflurane in General and Cognitive Recovery from Anaesthesia in Day Care Surgery- A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Kaur Haramritpal , Kumar Saravana , Singh Amandeep , Maheshwari Chandni , Gupta Jatin , Prasad Vimal , Karne Sai Charan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Rapid emergence from anaesthesia and postoperative recovery of cognitive function is one of the most important requirements of a day care surgery. Propofol is a near-ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent for day care surgeries due to its pharmacological properties. Similarly, amongst inhalational anaesthetic agents, sevoflurane is the preferred agent due to low blood-gas solubility. Aim: To evaluate sevoflurane and propofol for general and psychomotor recovery profile in day care anaesthesia techniques. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted at GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab after getting approval by Institutional Ethical Committee. A total of 70 American society of Anaesthesiologists’ (ASA) Grade I and II patients aged 18-60 years, scheduled to undergo elective day care surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled. In group A (n=35) anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg intravenously and maintained with variable-rate propofol infusion. In group B (n=35) anaesthesia was induced with sevoflurane 8% and maintained with sevoflurane. In both the groups general {mean time to remove Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA), emergence, time to responds to commands, mean orientation time} and psychomotor recovery profile was evaluated using unpaired student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Mean Time to remove LMA in Group B was earlier being 5.30±1.23 minutes vs 8.65±2.40 minutes in group A (p<0.001). Mean emergence time in Group B was 5.83±1.23 minutes and in Group A was 8.87±2.42 minutes (p<0.001). Time to respond to commands in Group B was 6.81±1.39 minutes and in Group A was 10.01±2.52 minutes (p<0.001). Mean Orientation time in Group B was 7.15±1.53 minutes and in Group A was 10.76±2.61 minutes (p<0.001). Psychomotor recovery was also faster with sevoflurane as compared to propofol. Conclusion: Both sevoflurane and propofol are useful agents for day care surgery. Sevoflurane provides a rapid return of psychomotor and cognitive ability as compared to propofol.
Collaboration between Paediatrician and Orthopaedician in Management of Congenitial Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Method
Authors: Santhosha JB , Akshatha SP
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) or Clubfoot is one of the commonest orthopaedic problems observed in infants. Deformity involving in utero malalignment of calcaneo-talar-navicular complex of the foot is known as CTEV. Due to lack of treatment capacity and less knowledge about “Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.” (APGAR) Score in low income countries, CTEV end up with neglected clubfoot deformity (untreated children >2 years). About 1-2/1000 live births is the estimated incidence of idiopathic clubfoot. Aim: To assess the clinical profile and efficacy of Ponseti technique in the management and treatment of CTEV by Paediatrician and Orthopaedician collaboration. Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted at AdiChunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS). The data was recorded in a standard predesigned proforma which contained all details of patients like name, age, sex, parent details, address, family history, pregnancy and delivery details of mother, any prior treatment taken for clubfoot and examination details of spine, hips, upper and lower limbs with both feet and also other systems for associated clinical problems. The parents of the patients visiting Paediatric Out Patient’s Department (OPD) with CTEV were informed regarding the deformity and were sent to Orthopaedic Department. In Orthopaedic Department, after counselling of the parents regarding the ponseti method, all patients were treated and managed. All patients were followed over a two year period and assessed for any deformities which were subsequently managed surgically. All the data was documented, statistically analysed using suitable statistical methods. Results: Total 53 patients had 81 idiopathic CTEV or Clubfoot between the period of three years from 2015 to 2018. The age of patients varied upto one year after birth. Among 53 patients, 38 (72%) were males and 15 (28%) were females. Out of 53 infants, 35 had one clubfoot and 23 had bilateral clubfoot (total 81 clubfoot in 53 infants). The mean age of initial presentation to treatment was 3.5 weeks, 11 out of 53 infants came in 1st week of life. Out of 53 infants, 21,14,6,5,4,2 were followed-up for 7-12 months, 13-18 months, 0-6 months, 25-30 months, 19-24 months and 31-36 months, respectively. Out of 81 clubfoot; 76 (93.83%) had achieved near normal correction, five clubfoot (6.17%) required posteromedial soft tissue release, 67 foot (82.71%) had undergone percuteneoustenotomy and nine foot (11.11%) got corrected without tenotomy. Conclusion: CTEV or clubfoot is treated very safely and effectively by using ponseti method. It is rapidly decreasing the necessity of extensive surgery. This method should be encouraged to be set as the gold standard treatment of congenital clubfoot or CTEV by national efforts.
Transition Readiness in Adolescents With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: McColl Jeanine , Semalulu Teresa , Beattie Karen A. , Alam Arzoo , Thomas Steffy , Herrington Julie , Gorter Jan Willem , Cellucci Tania , Garner Stephanie , Heale Liane , Matsos Mark , Batthish Michelle
Published: March 2021

Objective

The transition from pediatric to adult rheumatology care represents a particularly vulnerable time for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Improving self‐management skills is important in optimizing health care transition. The study’s objectives were to 1) examine variability in transition readiness of adolescents and young adults within and between different ages, sexes, and disease types; 2) determine the association between age and transition readiness; and 3) identify specific challenges to transition readiness for adolescents.

Methods

Over 1 year, patients 14 to 20 years of age with JIA or cSLE were recruited from pediatric transition and young adult clinics at a single academic institution. Participants completed the 14‐item Transition‐Q at a single time point. Total scores range from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate greater health care self‐management skills as a proxy for transition readiness. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics and Transition‐Q scores for the population. Regression analyses determined the association between age, sex, and disease type and Transition‐Q score.

Results

Among 70 participants, 61 had JIA and 9 cSLE (mean disease duration 4.6 years). The mean (SD) total Transition‐Q score was 59.8 (14.9). Age was significantly associated with Transition‐Q score (standardized β = 0.372l P = 0.002). The most commonly reported challenges were seeing the physician alone (without parents), making one’s own appointments, picking up prescriptions, and independent transportation for appointments.

Conclusion

Transition readiness appears to increase with patient age. There is significant variability in Transition‐Q scores between patients of the same age, suggesting that an individualized approach to improving self‐management skills is necessary.
Modeling Laser Beam Absorption of Metal Alloys at High Temperatures for Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Yang Zerong , Bauereiß Andreas , Markl Matthias , Körner Carolin
Published: March 2021

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a promising technology to fabricate metallic components with complex geometries. However, determining process windows for specific materials and SLM machines by trial‐and‐error experiments is time consuming and expensive. Numerical simulation has been demonstrated as an efficient way to aid the process development. A crucial aspect is the absorption and reflection of the laser by the material. While there exist elaborated ray tracing approaches and absorption models, the most important drawback is to measure a reliable reflection coefficient of the material for different temperatures and phases. In this work, we discuss the application of a laser beam absorption model for SLM of metal alloys in the high temperature regime. The model bases on fundamental physical laws by taking reflection, refraction and absorption into account. The corresponding reflection coefficient is related to other physical quantities, like the electrical resistivity. The computed reflection coefficients are compared with reflection coefficient measurements of liquid NiFe alloys and with SLM of stainless steel 316L and Ti–6Al–4V. Finally, the laser beam absorption model is implemented in SAMPLE2D, a software for simulation of additive manufacturing on the powder scale, and is exemplary applied on single track melting experiments on compact Ti–6Al–4V plates.
Low‐Temperature Growth of High‐Quality Ag2HgS2 Crystals for Setup of Weak‐Light UV–Visible–NIR Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Hongrui , Yu Yongqiang , You Su , Meng Jie , Muska Mairman , Li Qunxiang , Yang Qing
Published: March 2021

Weak‐light photodetection shows considerable potential in both theoretical and technical aspects while it would be a key issue to explore new candidate materials for practical application in view of high reliability and durability of the devices under ambient conditions. In this work, Ag2HgS2 single crystal rods (SCRs) with length up to 1.2 cm and width ranging from 10 to 200 µm are successfully fabricated in pure phase via facile solvothermal process at 200 °C for 24 h for the first time. The Ag2HgS2 SCRs are technically investigated, and the study reveals that they are in high quality via the determination of their crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to explore more reliably details on the band structure of bulk Ag2HgS2. Meanwhile, a series of photodetectors based on the individual Ag2HgS2 SCRs are fabricated, and they convey sensitive responses to a 0.170 µW cm−2 weak light and unanimous responses to incident light with different wavelengths from 254 to 980 nm. In addition, the devices show excellent detecting performances without any obvious slump after the Ag2HgS2 SCRs exposed in air over 18 months.
Highly Emissive Deep‐Red Perovskite Quantum Dots in Glass: Photoinduced Thermal Engineering and Applications
Authors: Sun Ke , Tan Dezhi , Song Juan , Xiang Weidong , Xu Beibei , Qiu Jianrong
Published: March 2021

All‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted enormous attention owing to their outstanding linear and nonlinear optical properties along with various promising photonic applications. Herein, 3D direct writing of CsPbI3 QDs in glass by engineering the ultrafast laser‐induced thermal effect is reported. Erasing and re‐writing along with multilayer writing are also demonstrated. The CsPbI3 QDs exhibit efficient deep‐red photoluminescence (PL) with internal quantum efficiency of 23%. The CsPbI3 QDs show strong two‐photon excited PL and optical limiting response to ultrafast laser pulses. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) coefficient is determined to be 9.76 × 10–11 cm W−1. Furthermore, the technique of photoinduced thermal engineering writing shows generality to pattern CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 QDs in glass and is also demonstrated to achieve perovskite line structures with a width of 800 nm beyond the diffraction limit. CsPbI3 QDs in glass have excellent stability under room conditions and ultraviolet light irradiation. The present technique of photoinduced thermal engineering offers a new prospect to directly construct CsPbI3 QDs in the glass. The attractive linear and nonlinear optical response of CsPbI3 QDs implies a plethora of potential applications in high‐resolution imaging, optical storage, and optoelectronic devices.
The Complex Interplay of Lead Halide Perovskites with Their Surroundings
Authors: Galisteo‐López Juan F. , Calvo Mauricio E. , Míguez Hernán
Published: March 2021

Photoexcitation of lead halide perovskites induces a restructuration of the material that simultaneously enhances its emission properties and triggers its degradation. These concomitant processes are strongly dependent on the surroundings of the perovskite, both while and after being processed, underlining the relevance the environment and the interfacial design have in the stability and performance of these materials and the devices based on them. This shocking observation reveals that when subjected to external illumination, lead halide perovskites undergo a number of photophysical processes that strongly modify their structure and thus their optoelectronic properties. Such photoinduced instability stems from a defective structure directly linked to the low‐temperature and solution‐processed fabrication routes generally employed to build perovskite solar cells with efficiencies comparable to state‐of‐the‐art values. On the other hand, these same inexpensive and unsophisticated procedures make this material a promising component in energy conversion devices. Here, an analysis is provided regarding the different impact on the perovskite structure, hence on its optoelectronic performance, that the interaction with its surroundings has, providing specific examples that highlight this interplay, describing the kind of modification it induces, and listing the related effects on the optoelectronic properties that should be accounted for when characterizing them.
Engineered Matrices Enable the Culture of Human Patient‐Derived Intestinal Organoids
Authors: Hunt Daniel R. , Klett Katarina C. , Mascharak Shamik , Wang Huiyuan , Gong Diana , Lou Junzhe , Li Xingnan , Cai Pamela C. , Suhar Riley A. , Co Julia Y. , LeSavage Bauer L. , Foster Abbygail A. , Guan Yuan , Amieva Manuel R. , Peltz Gary , Xia Yan , Kuo Calvin J. , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: March 2021

Human intestinal organoids from primary human tissues have the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine and preclinical gastrointestinal disease models. A tunable, fully defined, designer matrix, termed hyaluronan elastin‐like protein (HELP) is reported, which enables the formation, differentiation, and passaging of adult primary tissue‐derived, epithelial‐only intestinal organoids. HELP enables the encapsulation of dissociated patient‐derived cells, which then undergo proliferation and formation of enteroids, spherical structures with polarized internal lumens. After 12 rounds of passaging, enteroid growth in HELP materials is found to be statistically similar to that in animal‐derived matrices. HELP materials also support the differentiation of human enteroids into mature intestinal cell subtypes. HELP matrices allow stiffness, stress relaxation rate, and integrin‐ligand concentration to be independently and quantitatively specified, enabling fundamental studies of organoid–matrix interactions and potential patient‐specific optimization. Organoid formation in HELP materials is most robust in gels with stiffer moduli (G’ ≈ 1 kPa), slower stress relaxation rate (t1/2 ≈ 18 h), and higher integrin ligand concentration (0.5 × 10−3–1 × 10−3 m RGD peptide). This material provides a promising in vitro model for further understanding intestinal development and disease in humans and a reproducible, biodegradable, minimal matrix with no animal‐derived products or synthetic polyethylene glycol for potential clinical translation.
Complexation of an Antimicrobial Peptide by Large‐Sized Macrocycles for Decreasing Hemolysis and Improving Stability
Authors: Chen Junyi , Meng Qingbin , Zhang Yadan , Dong Ming , Zhao Liang , Zhang Yahan , Chen Longming , Chai Yao , Meng Zhao , Wang Chenhong , Jia Xueshun , Li Chunju
Published: March 2021

Traditional macrocyclic hosts have finite cavity sizes, generally 5–10 Å, which are commonly adaptive to recognize small guests rather than biological macromolecules. Here two water‐soluble large‐sized quaterphen[n]arenes (WQPns, n=3, 4) were designed and synthesized. These two hosts present significantly distinct recognition abilities. Specifically, they could strongly complex an antimicrobial peptide, pexiganan (PXG) with the association constants (Ka) of (4.20±0.23)×104 M−1 for PXG/WQP3 and (2.46±0.44)×105 M−1 for PXG/WQP4. Complexation of PXG by WQP3 and WQP4 served to decrease the hemolysis of PXG in rabbit red blood cells in a statistically significant way. Furthermore, host–guest complexation was shown to substantially enhance metabolic stability of PXG in presence of proteinase K, rat plasma and liver or kidney homogenates.
Synthesis of Single‐Handed Helical Spiro‐Conjugated Ladder Polymers through Quantitative and Chemoselective Cyclizations**
Authors: Zheng Wei , Ikai Tomoyuki , Yashima Eiji
Published: March 2021

We report the unprecedented synthesis of one‐handed helical spiro‐conjugated ladder polymers with well‐defined primary and secondary structures, in which the spiro‐linked dibenzo[a,h]anthracene fluorophores are arranged in a one‐handed twisting direction, through quantitative and chemoselective acid‐promoted intramolecular cyclizations of random‐coil precursor polymers composed of chiral 1,1′‐spirobiindane and achiral bis[2‐(4‐alkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]phenylene units. Intense circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were observed, whereas the precursor polymers exhibited negligible CD and CPL activities. The introduction of 2,6‐dimethyl substituents on the 4‐alkoxyphenylethynyl pendants is of key importance for this simple, quantitative, and chemoselective cyclization. This strategy is applicable to the defect‐free precise synthesis of other varieties of fully π‐conjugated molecules and coplanar ladder polymers that have not been achieved before.
Compression‐Driven Internanocluster Reaction for Synthesis of Unconventional Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Gan Zibao , Xia Nan , Yan Nan , Zhuang Shengli , Dong Jingwu , Zhao Yan , Jiang Shuqing , Tao Qiang , Wu Zhikun
Published: March 2021

Can the active kernels in ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (nanoclusters, NCs) react with one another, or can the internanocluster reaction occur when they are in close enough proximity? To resolve this fundamental issue, we investigated the solid‐state internanocluster reaction of the most studied gold NC Au25(SR)18 (SR: thiolate). A novel NC was produced by increasing the pressure to 5 GPa, whose composition was determined to be Au32(SC2H4Ph)24 by mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. As revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, the structure, a bicuboid Au14 kernel and three pairs of interlocked trimetric staples, has not been reported and endows the NC with obvious photoluminescence. DFT calculations indicate that the staples contribute substantially to the absorption properties. Further experiments reveal the pressure (internanocluster distance) can tune the internanocluster reaction, and the resulting product is not necessarily the thermodynamic product.
1‐Decene oligomerization by new complexes bearing diamine‐diphenolates ligands: Effect of ligand structure
Authors: Hanifpour Ahad , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh , Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi Mehdi , Poater Albert
Published: March 2021

A series of new titanium (IV) complexes bearing tetradentate diamine‐diphenolates, homologous to [ONNO] salan type ligands: [Ti{2,2′‐(OC6H2–4,6‐tBu2)2NHC3H6NH}(Cl)2] (Cat1), [Ti{2,2′‐(OC6H2–4,6‐tBu2)2NHC4H8NH}(Cl)2] (Cat2), and [Ti{2,2′‐(OC6H2–4,6‐tBu2)2NHC6H4NH}(Cl)2] (Cat3) were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. All three synthesized catalysts, after activation with ([Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]) as a cocatalyst, exhibited high activities in 1‐decene oligomerization experiments. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that molecular weight of the obtained oligomers had a close relationship with employed ligand structures, so that by increasing length of the aliphatic linkage between nitrogen donor atoms, PDI (Mw/Mn) shifted to the higher values. 1‐decene oligomers obtained by theCat3exhibited highest isotactic value (92% tacticity). Kinetic calculations allowed us to formulate the elementary reaction steps in oligomerization process of the 1‐decene. At the viscosity characterization,KV100amounts of 2.9, 3.9, and 4.1 cSt were determined for synthesized oligomers withCat1,Cat2, andCat3, respectively. High catalyst activity, capability of producing PAOs withKV100< 6, less toxicity and corrosiveness of the catalytic system (compared to commercialized process based on the hazardous BF3catalyst), and simplicity of the preparation procedure are the merits of the new reported catalysts.
Development of highly active, chemically stable and recyclable magnetic nanophotocatalyst based on plasmonic silver nanoparticles and photosensitive trans‐3‐(trans‐4‐imidazolyl) acrylic acid molecules
Authors: Amir Md , Ali Wazed , Baykal Abdulhadi , Khan Gufran Sayeed
Published: March 2021

This study relates to the preparation of a novel nanophotocatalyst comprising of plasmonic silver nanoparticle, photosensitive trans‐3‐(trans‐4‐imidazolyl) acrylic acid (T3TTIA) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). This heterogeneous nano‐photocatalyst has been synthesized via hydrothermal route where T3TTIA works as a capping agent and linker for SPION and plasmonic Ag NPs, respectively. Structural, morphological, thermal, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties have been analyzed in detailed. The spinel cubic type structure of nanocrystals of SPION and silver has been confirmed by XRD analysis. XPS analysis has confirmed the presence of Ag0, Fe3O4, and integral functional group. The strong chemical interaction of localized surface plasmonic Ag nanoparticles and SPION with photosensitive T3TIAA molecule has been revealed by both the IR and XPS analysis. The shape of the final products has been observed as spherical with average particle size of 12 ±0.8 nm (with low degree of agglomeration) as analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM). The superparamagnetic nature and high thermal stability of the products have been revealed by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, respectively. UV‐visible spectrophotometry analysis has confirmed the maximum absorbance peak at ~420 nm, indicates as the characteristic peak of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for silver nanoparticles with a band gap value of 1.43 eV. Furthermore, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) analysis has demonstrated mesoporous characteristic of the product which follows type IV isotherms with the average surface area and pore size as 250.492 m2/g and 6.1442 nm, respectively. The potential catalytic applications of the as‐prepared nanocatalysts have been explored for the decolorization of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and photo‐reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) under both Visible and UV light irradiations. The catalytic activity of the as‐prepared nanocatalyst has been compared with the recent reported magnetic nano‐catalysts. The SPION@T3TIAA‐Ag nanocatalyst has shown excellent catalytic behavior toward the treatment of the selected industrial dyes and organic pollutant with recovery and reusability capacity up to seven cycles without losing significant catalytic efficiency.
Analyzing the nanoindentation response of carbon black filled elastomers
Authors: Bouyahia Zahraa , Mdarhri Ahmed , Benayad Anass , Brosseau Christian , Elaboudi Ilham , Chicot Didier , Iost Alain , He Delong , Bai Jinbo
Published: March 2021

Carbon black (CB) filled elastomers are structurally complex materials that offer unique properties at different length scales. They have tremendous potential applications in a number of fields including the automotive and aerospace industries and for designing innovative smart materials such as artificial muscles but their applications remain limited primarily due to inadequate understanding of their unique mechanical properties. Here, using the Berkovich technique to probe the surface mechanical properties at different scales the nanoindentation response of a series of composites made by homogeneously dispersed CB nanoparticles inside a semicrystalline copolymer matrix has been explored. While the measured loading part of the force–displacement curves is well described by Meyer's empirical power relation, the inverted methodology (IM) approach to deal with the unloading part has been considered and its outcome has been compared with that obtained from the standard Oliver–Pharr's method. The results were consistent with the observed increase of hardness when the applied displacement decreases for all composite samples over a large range of CB volume fraction. Zhang and Xu's model is demonstrated to produce experimentally consistent explanation of this indentation size effect. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra also show composition gradients with depth up to 100 nm. Furthermore, the effect of CB content, surface features, and length scale‐dependent deformation on the hardness–displacement behavior have been considered. These findings highlight the possibility of attaining a diverse set of mechanical properties by a better understanding of the nanoindentation response of CB filled elastomers which can be useful for material selection and design improvements in a number of practical applications.
Flame retardance enhancement of polyacrylonitrile with dimethyl vinylphosphonate
Authors: Dong Xue , Zhou Qin‐Zhuo , Li Lei , Li Ying‐Cheng , Zhu Mei‐Fang
Published: March 2021

To obtain a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) material with highly thermal stability and flame retardance properties, a novel P(AN‐co‐DMVP) copolymers were successfully synthesized by randomly copolymerization. According to thermogravimetry analysis, it revealed that incorporating dimethyl vinylphosphonate (DMVP) into the PAN chains can perform outstanding thermal stability. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen index increased from 18.6% to 30.0% with addition of 22.6 wt% DMVP. The results of cone calorimetry tests certified that the peak‐heat release peak and total heat release of P(AN‐co‐DMVP22.6) were remarkably dropped by 70% and 33%, respectively, suggesting excellent flame retardance. The relationship between copolymer structures and flame‐retardant performance was systematically investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis‐Fourier transform infrared and Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A comprehensive flame‐retardant mechanism has been proposed that DMVP plays a role in both the gaseous phase and the condensed phase.
Synthesis of 2‐(N‐cyclicamino)quinoline combined with methyl (E)‐3‐(2/3/4‐aminophenyl)acrylates as potential antiparasitic agents
Authors: Bokosi Fostino R. B. , Beteck Richard M. , Laming Dustin , Hoppe Heinrich C. , Tshiwawa Tendamudzimu , Khanye Setshaba D.
Published: March 2021

A rationally designed series of 2‐(N‐cyclicamino)quinolines coupled with methyl (E)‐3‐(2/3/4‐aminophenyl)acrylates was synthesized and subjected to in vitro screening bioassays for potential antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities against a chloroquine‐sensitive (3D7) strain of Plasmodium falciparum and nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei 427, respectively. Substituent effects on activity were evaluated; meta‐acrylate 24 and the ortho‐acrylate 29 exhibited the highest antiplasmodial (IC50 = 1.4 µM) and antitrypanosomal (IC50 = 10.4 µM) activities, respectively. The activity against HeLa cells showed that the synthesized analogs are not cytotoxic at the maximum tested concentration. The ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) drug‐like properties of the synthesized compounds were predicted through the SwissADME software.
Everyone everywhere: A distributed and embedded paradigm for usability
Authors: Twidale Michael B. , Nichols David M. , Lueg Christopher P.
Published: March 2021

We present a new paradigm to address the persistence of difficulties that people have in accessing and using information. Our idea consists of two main aspects: engaging wider society with usability and distributing the topic across disciplines. We claim that bad usability is a social justice issue. Primarily, we propose that usability should become the subject of widespread activism across society, enabling more people to realize that their usability problems are not due to inadequacies in themselves but in current designs. People should be encouraged and enabled to complain about their experiences with an expectation of improvements. We also propose that the current restriction of this topic to certain disciplinary units is overly narrow and that instead there should be radical embedding of usability concepts across many different fields and settings. We believe that the usability of information systems is core to information science and that information scientists should resume their historic role as heralds and pioneers of human–computer interaction.
Radical Cystectomy in England from 2013 to 2019 on 12,644 patients: An analysis of national trends and comparison of surgical approaches using Hospital Episode Statistics data
Authors: Tamhankar Ashwin Sunil , Thurtle David , Hampson Alexander , El‐Taji Omar , Thurairaja Ramesh , Kelly John D. , Catto James W. F. , Lane Tim , Adshead James , Vasdev Nikhil
Published: March 2021

Introduction

We evaluate the data of 12,644 Radical Cystectomies in England (Open, Robotic and Laparoscopic) with trends in the adaption of techniques and post‐operative complications.

Methods

This analysis utilised national Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) from NHS England.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase (P < .001) in the number of Robotic assisted radical cystectomies from 10.8% in 2013‐2014 and 39.5% in 2018‐2019.The average LOS reduced from 12.3 to 10.8 days for RARC from 2013 to 2019 similarly the LOS reduced from 16.2 to 14.3 for ORC. The rate of sepsis (0‐90 days) did rise from 5% to 14.5% between 2013‐2014 and 2017‐2018 for the entire cohort (P < .001). Acute renal failure (ARF) increased over the years from 9.5% to 17% (P < .001). The rate for fever, UTI, critical care activity and ARF were higher for ORC than RARC (P < .001).The comparison of all episodes within 90 days for conduit versus non‐conduit diversions showed significantly higher rates of sepsis, infections, UTI and fever in non‐conduit group .Overall complications were significantly higher in non‐conduit group throughout the duration except was year 2016‐17(P < .001).The robotic approach has increased in last 5 years with nearly 40% of the cystectomies now being robotically in 2018‐19 from the initial percentage of 10.8% in 2013‐14.

Conclusion

This evaluation of the HES data from NHS England for 12,644 RC confirms an increase in the adoption of Robotic Cystectomy. Our data confirms the need to develop strategies with enhanced recovery protocols and post‐operative close monitoring following Radical Cystectomy in order to reduce post‐operative complications.