bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS, INVESTIGATION AND CONDUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF ALLUAUDITE-RELATED PHASES
Authors: Strutynska N. , Spivak А. , Kuzmin R. , Slobodyanik M.
Published: July 2021

Complex oxide phosphates Na1.5Co1.5Fe1.5(PO4)3, Na1.75Co1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3, Na2Co2Fe(PO4)3 and Li0.25Na1.75Co2Fe(PO4)3, belonging to the alluaudite structural type (monoclinic system, space group C2/c) were synthesized by the melting method with further annealing of the homogenous glasses at a temperature 600°C. According to powder X-ray diffraction data the partial substitution of sodium cations by lithium cations in the initial phosphate matrix Na2Co2Fe(PO4)3 led to decreasing of lattice parameters for Li0.25Na1.75Co2Fe(PO4)3 (a = 11.7572(3) Å, b = 12.4528(4) Å, c = 6.4416(2) Å and β = 113.911(1)°). The FTIR-spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of PO4-tetrahedra in the composition of prepared phases. Modes in the regions of 400–600 cm-1 and 900–1000 cm–1 were assigned to symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of phosphate tetrahedron in the alluaudite-type structure, respectively. The effect of partial substitution of sodium cations by lithium cations in the phosphate matrix Na2Co2Fe(PO4)3 as well as the decrease of sodium cations amounts in the alluauditerelated structure for the phases of Na1.5Co1.5Fe1.5(PO4)3 and Na1.75Co1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3 on the conductive properties of compounds were analyzed. It was found that increasing of sodium cations amount in the channels of the alluaudite-related structure leads to an increase of the specific conductivity from 0.011 Om-1m-1 for Na1.75Co1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3 to 0.15 Om–1m–1 for Na2Co2Fe(PO4)3 at a temperature of 550 °C. It was also found that partial substitution of sodium cations by lithium cations in the initial phosphate matrix Na2Co2Fe(PO4)3 no significant influence on conductivity of phase Li0.25Na1.75Co2Fe(PO4)3 (σ = 0.095 Оm–1m–1 at a temperature of 550 °C). In the case of phosphates Na1.75Co1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3 and Li0.25Na1.75Co2Fe(PO4)3 decreasing of conductive properties in the temperature ranges 190–250 °С and 550–590 °С, respectively are caused by contribution of different components in general conductivity. The synthesized phases can be used in the development of materials with conductive properties.
Generic Yoga Modules for Clinical and Research Settings—Need of the Hour
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Jagannathan Aarti , Bhargav Hemant , Varambally Shivarama , Gangadhar B. N.
Published: July 2021

Yoga-based interventions offer significant promise in healthcare. However, meta-analyses of various yoga trials suggest that comparisons of trials are either not possible or difficult due to heterogeneity in therapeutic yoga interventions. Also, in view of emerging evidence for the role of therapeutic yoga, it is important to identify the specificity and validity of various yoga components being used in different trials. Efforts in this direction will be fruitful only if a systematic approach is adopted to develop yoga programs for various ailments. In this article, we emphasize the need for a “generic yoga” concept for designing a therapeutic yoga program for particular health issues, with the objectives of promoting scientific growth of therapeutic applications of yoga and widespread application of standardized therapeutic yoga programs within a biomedical framework. This generic therapeutic yoga will essentially highlight the development-validation process of uncopyrighted yoga programs; their components, benefits, and possible side-effects; and requirement for need-based modifications.
Un aspecto de la literatura testimonial del siglo XVIII español: «El bosquejillo» de José Mor de Fuentes
Authors: Contadini Luigi
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo pone de relieve tres puntos fundamentales de la autobiografíade Mor de Fuentes: 1) El desarrollo de la conciencia del autor como individuo através de una visión intelectualista de la vida (que encuentra en el espacio urbano su medio ambiente específico) y su identificación con los juicios y las ideas que sostiene. 2) La tensión incesante entre el saber oficial y el discurso personal de autobiógrafo. La superposición asidua del discurso subjetivo sobre el discurso historiográfico acaba por deformar la verdad establecida. El narrador diluye su identidad en un sinfín de acontecimientos y juicios: historia oficial e historia personal se confunden continuamente en una narración que borra los límites entre la visión pública de los eventos y la itnerpretación particular del protagonista. 3) La simultanediad del relato que desplaza la atención del lector hacia el tiempo presente de la redacción y pone de relieve las exigencias del autpr en el momento de la escritura.Frente a una sociedad en la que nunca tuvo un verdadero y constante éxito,Mor obtiene una revancha moral escribiendo una autobiografía porque tiene lanecesidad de reescribir la historia para que se convierta en su historia
Laurence Sterne, François Vernes y Bernardo María de Calzada: el periplo del «Viajador sensible» por Europa a finales del siglo XVIII
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Eva M.
Published: July 2021

Cuando Laurence Sterne publicó su A Sentimental Journey through Franceand Italy (1768), la obra se estableció como paradigma de innovación dentro de la literatura sentimental y de viajes. El autor ginebrino François Vernes se sirvió de la fama del autor inglés, como de su personaje Yorick, para escribir una obra, Le Voyageur Sentimental, ou Ma Promenade à Yverdun (1786) en la que el protagonista se desplaza por la geografía ginebrina a la vez que reflexiona sobre el devenir histórico y social de su patria. Bernardo María de Calzada, traductor y militar en el reinado de Carlos III y luego de Carlos IV, traduce a éste último casi literalmente, en El viajador sensible, o mi paseo a Yverdún (1791), aunque su interés principal reside precisamente en lo que oculta, más que en lo que copia.La obra de Calzada no incluye apenas referencias religiosas, y muy pocas políticas. Rousseau, ídolo indiscutible de Vernes, es menospreciado por Calzada como un autor de perniciosa influencia; la religión luterana, foco de tensión en aquel momento en Ginebra, es asimismo denostada. Pero la trayectoria de Calzada había estado siempre claramente dedicada al didactismo, por lo que cabe concluir que su crítica exacerbada se debe al temor de la censura oficial y eclesiástica, de la que ya había sido presa. Este artículo analiza, pues, la trayectoria de ese «viajador», desdesu concepción por parte de Sterne hasta su llegada a la imprenta española, y se detiene en delinear los rasgos más sobresalientes del autor inglés, así como del imitador ginebrino, para acabar detallando la situación del momento de Calzada en España, y los cambios que ésta impuso en la traducción El viajador sensible.Palabras clave:TRADUCCIÓN. BERNARDO MARÍA DE CALZADA. NARRATIVA. VIAJES.
Vincenzo FERRONE, «La società giusta ed equa. Repubblicanesimo e diritti dell’uomo in Gaetano Filangieri», Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2003.
Authors: Astigarraga Jesús
Published: July 2021

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Scott DALE (ed.), «“La pensadora gaditana”, por doña Beatriz Cienfuegos». Newark, Juan de la Cuesta, 2005.
Authors: Romero Ferrer Alberto
Published: July 2021

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Cándido María TRIGUEROS, «Egilona». Introduzione, edizione e note a cura di Patrizia Garelli. Rimini, Panozzo Editore, 2005. 143 págs. (Col. «Testi inediti e rari», 8).
Authors: Lafarga Francisco
Published: July 2021

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Las visionarias variaciones del conde de Aranda respecto del «problema americano» (1781-1786)
Authors: Franco Pérez Antonio-Filiu
Published: July 2021

I. Introducción. El contexto histórico-personal de las «variaciones». II. Unsingular parámetro de verosimilitud de las ideas de Aranda sobre el «problema americano»: El «Plan de gobierno para el príncipe de Asturias». III. La utopía de la Unión de reinos hispanoamericanos. IV. La utopía de la permuta de territorios. V. Conclusiones. Apéndice documental: «Memoria secreta presentada al rey de España por el conde de Aranda sobre la independencia de las colonias inglesas enAmérica, después del Tratado de París de 1783».Palabras claves:PEDRO PABLO ABARCA DE BOLEA. AMÉRICA ESPAÑOLA. INDEPENDENCIA.
«Renovar el lucimiento»: la aparición de la moda como fenómeno moderno
Authors: Pérez Abril Dora
Published: July 2021

El objeto de análisis de este trabajo ha sido el discurso de la prensa española de finales del siglo XVIII sobre la moda y la importancia de ésta en la construcción de identidades de género. En concreto, nos centramos en mostrar cómo la moda se particulariza en las mujeres, siendo la asociación entre ambas el producto de una construcción socio-histórica. Podríamos decir que durante el siglo XVIII el proceso de asociación entre una y otras se está legitimando y los discursos periodísticosactúan en ese sentido, subrayando siempre que nos situamos en el surgimiento y desarrollo de la esfera pública liberal burguesa.El debate periodístico español sobre el fenómeno de la moda adquiere enocasiones gran virulencia. Al situarse la moda en el centro de un amplio proceso de transformación económica, social y cultural, constituye el lugar de encuentro de una amplia gama de debates que giran sobre el continuismo de los viejos usos tradicionales y la introducción de nuevas costumbres que predominantemente llegan de Francia. Esa discusión simboliza la amenaza que la modernidad supone para la «tradición española», amenaza que se encarna en la moda.En general, observamos que la moda, contemplada como el gusto por lanovedad, la mutabilidad y la inconstancia se relaciona con el capricho y con las mujeres, simbolizando en la crítica de costumbres del siglo XVIII la modernidad.Palabras claveMODA. MUJERES. GÉNERO. IDENTIDADES. MODERNIDAD.
Gaspar Melchor de JOVELLANOS. «Escritos asturianos». Ed. crítica, prólogo y notas de Elena de Lorenzo Álvarez y Álvaro Ruiz de la Peña Solar. Oviedo: Ayuntamiento de Gijón, Instituto Feijoo de Estudios del Siglo XVIII, KRK Ediciones. Oviedo: 2005. 543 pp. Obras Completas iniciadas por José Miguel Caso González, tomo IX.
Authors: Coletes Blanco Agustín
Published: July 2021

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La reelaboración de las fuentes en «Polixena» de José Marchena
Authors: Busquets Loreto
Published: July 2021

La escasa y superfi cial atención que ha merecido la tragedia que es objeto del presente ensayo ha dejado prácticamente intacto cuanto dijo de ella Menéndez Pelayo en su conocido estudio crítico-biográfi co que precede las obras de José Marchena por él recogidas y publicadas1: no sólo en cuanto al juicio de valor, sino a la identifiación de las fuentes discernibles en Polixena. Se presenta aquí una identificación concreta de dichas fuentes y un estudio de la reelaboración de las mismasque pongan en evidencia la urdimbre oculta del texto, no sólo para mostrar la deuda que Marchena tiene contraída con sus antecedentes o los cambios más o menos arbitrarios aportados a la fábula, sino también la originalidad de su invención allí donde ha introducido variaciones y cambios. Con ello pretendo dedicar atención a una obra menos insignifi cante e insulsa de lo que suele considerarse e intentar una interpretación orgánica de una obra que se distingue y aparta del cliché que conforma la tragedia neoclásica española, por su contenido y aun por su forma.Palabras claveJOSÉ MARCHENA. POLIXENA. TRAGEDIA.
Sobre «El temblor»
Authors: Gea Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

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La Ilustración a prueba de fuego. El incendio de la plaza Mayor de Madrid del 16 de agosto de 1790
Authors: Larriba Elisabel
Published: July 2021

El 16 de agosto de 1790 estalló en el Arco de la calle de Toledoun incendio que iba a destruir buena parte de la plaza Mayor de Madrid. En este artículo documentado en fuentes archivísticas y periodísticas se analiza la reacción que tuvieron ante el drama las autoridades (civiles y eclesiásticas) y el pueblo, así como la prensa que confirió al acontecimiento una resonancia nacional. Se examina también el estéril proceso de reflexión que se inició, a raíz de esa tragedia, en materia de prevención y de lucha contra el incendio.PALABRAS CLAVE: Ilustración. Incendio. Plaza Mayor de Madrid. Catástrofes
Ascetismo, filosofía de la vida y doctrina moral en tres obras de Diego de Torres Villarroel
Authors: Chavarría Vargas Emilio
Published: July 2021

Diego de Torres Villarroel es conocido, sobre todo, por dos de sus obras:los Sueños y su Vida, de ahí que la crítica contemporánea haya tratado con más interés el tema o los motivos de la sátira y la autobiografía. Pero como hijo de su siglo, Torres fue un ilustrado, esto es, hombre de un saber polifacético y enciclopédico, por lo que no en vano sus obras se componen de catorce tomos sobre las materias y los tonos más dispares y diversos. Sus obras ascéticas y de filosofía moral, Cátedra de morir, Recetas de Torres…, Vida natural y católica y otros pequeños textos sobreel mismo tema, además de interesantes son claves para entender su pensamiento y es posible ponerlas en contacto con sus sátiras y su autobiografía paródica, pues tanto en unas como en otras existe una crítica a los vicios de su sociedad. La filosofía del desengaño, la caducidad y brevedad de la vida, el nihilismo, la meditación de la muerte, son algunos de los aspectos que se encuentran en estas obras; muchos deellos proceden de una tradición antigua basada en los presupuestos de la filosofía estoica y la doctrina cristiana que recorren los siglos y las épocas en diferentes formas hasta llegar a Torres Villarroel y a autores posteriores a él, podríamos decir que hasta nuestra época. Nuestro trabajo analiza estas obras que la crítica no ha tenidomuy en cuenta y que carecen de estudios específicos, poniendo de relieve la íntima trabazón de las mismas con la fi losofía estoica y del desengaño y su consideración de los afectos humanos sobrellevados a través de la razón natural, y con la doctrina moral católica a través de la virtud y la crítica de los vicios.PALABRAS CLAVE: Torres Villarroel. Ascetismo. Desengaño. Estoicismo.
Coyuntura económica e «Ilustración»: las Sociedades de Amigos del País
Authors: Anes Álvarez Gonzalo
Published: July 2021

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La España mediterránea en tiempos de Feijoo
Authors: Regla Campistol Juan
Published: July 2021

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Feijoo y Curros Enrírquez
Authors: Alonso Montero Jesús
Published: July 2021

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España (y Feijoo) en motivos culturales y eruditos portugueses del siglo XVIII
Authors: Carlo Rossi Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

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Notas sobre la cultura alimentaria en la España del siglo XVIII
Authors: Suárez Granda Juan Luis
Published: July 2021

Los siglos XVIII y XIX asisten en Europa a una importante renovaciónde la cocina y al desarrollo de una autonomía del discurso sobre la comidacon respecto a la medicina y a la religión. España no es ajena a esos cambios, en los que está presente la influencia francesa y, en menor medida, la italiana. No obstante, aun estando en la órbita de esos cambios, España está por debajo del nivel europeo, tanto en el número y entidad de los recetarios como en el confort y prestaciones de los establecimientos hoteleros, objeto estos últimos de frecuentesquejas de los escritores, tanto españoles como extranjeros. La cocina de la realeza española era refinada pero hipercalórica; la popular, tan simple y elemental como puede serlo ahora. Los recetarios españoles de la época obedecen a un patrón de cocina popular y modesta, y nacieron en su mayoría al calor de los conventos. Emplean ya algunos de los productos venidos de América, como chocolate, tomate y pimiento. No así la patata ni el maíz, aunque tenemos constancia que ya se cultivaban y consumían en España.PALABRAS CLAVE: Gastronomía. Recetarios. Léxico. Viajes.
Armando ALBEROLA y Jorge OLCINA (eds.), «Desastre natural, vida cotidiana y religiosidad popular en la España moderna y contemporánea», Alicante, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, 2009, 470 págs.
Authors: Ordaz Jorge
Published: July 2021

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Don José Canga Argüelles, señor despótico de vasallos
Authors: Abrol-Brasón y Álvarez-Tamargo Manuel de
Published: July 2021

Este artículo muestra cómo uno de los ideales del Antiguo Régimen,ser señor de vasallos, estaba enraizado en la sociedad de transición alliberalismo, incluso entre los hombres ilustrados y liberales que lucharían por el cambio sociopolítico en la España de los primeros años del siglo XIX. Aludimos a la adquisición del coto jurisdiccional de Lindes por el liberal Canga Argüelles durante el reinado de Carlos IV como culminación de las diferentes estrategias matrimoniales, económicas y honoríficas de su familia a lo largo del siglo XVIII y más aún como forma de prestigio social.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hidalguía. Probanza de nobleza. Colegiata de Arbas. Cotojurisdiccional. Señor de vasallos. Desamortización. Antiguo Régimen. Ilustración. Liberalismo. Siglos XVI-XIX.
La historia universal como historia moral del género humano en Jovellanos
Authors: Baras Escolá Fernando
Published: July 2021

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La experiencia de un editor de cartas dieciochescas
Authors: Caso González José Miguel
Published: July 2021

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Una ética secular; la amistad entre los ilustrados
Authors: Sánchez-Blanco Parody Francisco
Published: July 2021

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El teatro de Jovellanos. Ediciones, traducciones y bibliografía
Authors: García Díaz Noelia
Published: July 2021

Relación de las ediciones del teatro de Jovellanos, así como las desu traducción de la Iphigenia de Racine, las traducciones de sus dos obras y labibliografía sobre su teatro.PALABRAS CLAVE: Jovellanos,Traducción, Teatro, Bibliografía.
Ifigenia. Tragedia escrita en francés por JUAN RACINE y traducida al español por Don GASPAR de JOVE y LLANOS, Alcalde de la Cuadra de la Real Audiencia de Sevilla para el uso del teatro de los Sitios Reales
Authors: Andioc (ed.) René
Published: July 2021

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Antecedentes de un expolio: testimonios británicos sobre la primera retirada del rey José de Madrid (julio-diciembre 1808)
Authors: Coletes Laspra Rocío
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objeto aportar nuevos datos sobre elexpolio sufrido en España durante la guerra de la independencia (1808-1814). A lo largo del trabajo se presenta y analiza una serie de documentos inéditos, conservados en archivos británicos, que dan constancia de un primer intento de saqueo protagonizado por el rey José Bonaparte, y que presenta la peculiaridad de haberse llevado a cabo al comienzo mismo de su reinado, en 1808.PALABRAS CLAVE: Guerra de la Independencia. José Bonaparte. Expolio artístico. Colección real española. Documentos de agentes británicos.
Noticias de la biblioteca de un ilustrado gaditano: don Guillermo Tirry y Tirry, III marqués de la Cañada
Authors: Cosano Laguna Sara
Published: July 2021

En el siglo XVIII Cádiz fue una de las ciudades españolas más prolíficasen cuanto a la producción de libros y a la creación de grandes bibliotecasprivadas, un esplendor que también alcanzó a su provincia. De hecho, Jerez de la Frontera y El Puerto de Santa María constituyeron igualmente sendos núcleos de irradiación e intercambios librescos. El presente trabajo es un acercamiento a la biblioteca particular de Guillermo Tirry y Tirry, III marqués de la Cañada, el bibliófilo más relevante de su época en El Puerto de Santa María. Ofrecemos las primeras noticias de las obras que tuvo el marqués basándonos en diversas fuentes, entre las cuales destaca especialmente un manuscrito inédito del Archivo Municipal de Sevilla que obraba en poder del II conde del Águila. Asimismo, hacemos referencia al proceso de formación de su biblioteca. El artículo se completa con las fichas catalográficas de aquellos libros de los que contamos con unareferencia documental constatable.PALABRAS CLAVE: Guillermo Tirry y Tirry. Marqués de la Cañada. Bibliotecas. Archivo Municipal de Sevilla. Conde del Águila.
Lo clásico en el siglo XVIII: cuestión de conciencia de clase
Authors: Unceta Gómez Luis
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo aborda el empleo del elemento clásico en la obra poética de tres autores líricos del siglo XVIII español poco conocidos: el conde de Noroña, José de Vargas y Ponce y José María Vaca de Guzmán y Manrique. Todos ellos comparten un amplio conocimiento de la Antigüedad grecorromana y, además, todos ellos, de acuerdo con la actitud de su época hacia la herencia clásica, hacen un uso ilustrado de la herencia clásica, con un evidente afán ideológico y elitista, por encima del interés estrictamente estético o artístico.PALABRAS CLAVEPoesía lírica, siglo XVIII, tradición clásica. This paper délas with the use of classical element in the poetic works of three scarcely known Spanish lyrical poets who composed their work in the 18thcentury: the Count ofNoroña, José de Vargas y Ponce, and José María Vaca de Guzmán y Manrique. The three of them share an accurate knowledge of the Greco-Roman Antiquity and, in adittion, all of them, according to the attitude of their time towards the classical heritage, make use of the Classical Tradition in an illustrated way, with an ideological and elitist aim, rather than with an esthetic or an artistic one.KEYWORDSLyrical poetry, 18th century, classical tradition.
José LARA GARRIDO y Belén MOLINA HUETE (eds.), «La literatura del Siglo de Oro en el siglo de la Ilustración. Estudios sobre la Recepción y el Canon de la Literatura Española (I)», Madrid, Visor, 2013, 227 págs. José LARA GARRIDO y Belén MOLINA HUETE (eds.), «La poesía del Siglo de Oro en el Siglo de la Luces. Estudios sobre la Recepción y el Canon de la Literatura Española (II)», Madrid, Visor, 2013, 479 págs.
Authors: Olay Valdés Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

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Agustín de Pedrayes en su contexto. Matemática sublime y aplicada
Authors: Álvarez Pérez José Manuel
Published: July 2021

El 26 de febrero de 2015 se cumple el segundo centenario de la muerte de Agustín Bernardo de Pedrayes y Foyo, matemático ilustrado del siglo XVIII. Este artículo es un breve bosquejo de su biografía y del estado de la ciencia matemática en aquella España. Además anunciamos la transcripción de sus obras manuscritas más importantes, en espera de una edición crítica, Nuevo y Universal Método de cuadraturas determinadas y el Programa-Problema presentado a las Academias de París, Berlín y San Petesburgo, como ejemplo de sus aportaciones a la matemática sublime del análisis diferencial.Con este trabajo se pretende demostrar que Agustín Bernardo de Pedrayes y Foyo tiene una importancia capital en la Historia de la Ciencia, en lo referente a la investigaciónPALABRAS CLAVEMatemática, Ilustración, Agustín de Pedrayes y Foyo, Historia de la ciencia. On February 26, 2015 the second anniversary of the death of Agustín Bernardo de Pedrayes y Foyo, illustrated mathematician of the XVIII century. This article is a brief outline of his biography and the situation of mathematical science in the Spain. Also the author announce the transcription of his most important manuscript works, at this time waiting for a critical edition, New and Universal Method of certain quadratures and the ProgramProblem presented to the Academy of Paris, Bertlin and St. Petersburg, as an example of his contributions to mathematics sublime and differential analysis.KEY WORDSMathematics, Illustration, and Foyo Pedrayes Agustine, History of science.
D. Rafael José de Crespo. Epígono del XVIII
Authors: Nang Mbol
Published: July 2021

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Arabismo e ilustración
Authors: Soto Pérez José Luis
Published: July 2021

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Poligrafía y enciclopedismo en el abate Juan Andrés, jesuita expulso diociechista
Authors: Mazzeo Guido E.
Published: July 2021

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Retórica ilustrada en un discurso de Queipo de Llano: tradición e innovación
Authors: Molina Mediavilla Inmaculada
Published: July 2021

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Dos informes forenses inéditos del fiscal Juan Meléndez Valdés en la Sala de Alcaldes de Casa y Corte (1798)
Authors: Astorgano Abajo Antonio
Published: July 2021

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Denegación del contrato autorial en las «Cartas Marruecas»: doblez y escamoteo de la responsabilidad
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge
Published: July 2021

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Un hallazgo literario
Authors: Aguilar Piñal Francisco
Published: July 2021

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Santiago Melón Fernández
Authors: Ruiz de la Peña Solar Álvaro
Published: July 2021

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Rasgos ensayísticos en el epistolario de Jovellanos. La declaración de un estilo ensayístico
Authors: Díaz Sancho Lucía
Published: July 2021

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La idea de partido en España: de la Ilustración a las Cortes de Cádiz (1783-1814)
Authors: Fernández Sarasola Ignacio
Published: July 2021

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Correspondencia literaria (1791-1803) del arabista José Antonio Banqueri con don Fr. Manuel do Cenaculo Vilas Boas, obispo de Beja y arzobispo de Evora
Authors: Soto Pérez José Luis
Published: July 2021

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El universo mecánico y una paradoja central: la «Raquel» de Huerta
Authors: Schurlknight Donald E.
Published: July 2021

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La administración eclesiástica en el siglo XVIII a través de un libro de cuentas de una parroquia leonesa (1709-1788) (I)
Authors: Urdiales Millán
Published: July 2021

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Construction of strong motion response spectra from magnitude and distance data
Authors: Wiggins John H.
Published: July 2021

Empirical equations are derived which relate maximum acceleration, velocity, and displacement computed from strong motion earthquake records to magnitude and distance from source to site. Over fifty earthquakes recorded at three California sites were used in the study. The equations show that earthquake magnitude governs not only the character of response spectra but also the characteristic period content of the earthquake. As an added feature, the reported Modified Mercalli intensities are shown to correlate best with computed response spectra which include only the low period range.
The determination of S-wave polarization angles for an earth model with crustal layering
Authors: Nuttli Otto
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a method for determining the polarization angle of S waves which takes account of the crustal layering at the seismograph station. Charts are given for four crustal models, corresponding to normal continental, thick, and thin crusts, which enable one to obtain the polarization angle at the top of the mantle beneath the seismograph station.

The equations to be used for obtaining the polarization angle are

tan ∈ = F h tan γ tan ∈ = F v tan δ

where ε is the polarization angle, γ is the angle between the horizontal component of the S-wave surface motion and the great circle path at the station, δ is the angle between the vertical axis and the component of the S-wave surface motion in the plane transverse to the great circle path, and Fh and Fv are functions of wave period, epicentral distance, and the crustal structure at the seismograph station. Values of Fh and Fv for four crustal models are given in the paper.
Response characteristics of electromagnetic seismographs
Authors: Chakrabarty S. K. , Choudhury S. N. Roy
Published: July 2021

The development of highly sensitive electromagnetic seismographs and their uses in various problems of seismology and other allied branches have considerably extended the region of their application. The theory of such seismographs was developed earlier under different approximations which are justified as long as it is used only in the study of earthquake waves of frequencies less than one cycle per sec. In the present paper the effect of large inductances in the transducer coils and also of any choke in the galvanometer circuit on the response characteristics has been examined. The response curves for different combinations of seismometers and galvanometers have been obtained, and their variations with the coil inductances have been estimated. It has been shown that considerable errors in the amplitude-period relationship occur if the coil inductances are neglected. This possibly explains the various anomalies which now exist in the interpretations of different results obtained from the analyses of seismograms, obtained with different seismographs. The ‘magnification curve’ for a typical electromagnetic seismograph has been obtained experimentally and this has been compared with the theoretical result derived in the present paper. A number of problems have been indicated, in the study of which precise response curves are required, and it has been suggested that with a proper use of the results derived here a large number of anomalies now existent may disappear.
Magnification curves of electromagnetic seismographs
Authors: Chakrabarty S. K. , Choudhury G. C. , Choudhury S. N. Roy
Published: July 2021

The general solution of the equations connecting the motion of the two coupled components in an electromagnetic seismograph has been obtained in another paper and it shows that the magnification of a seismograph depend on seven instrumental constants. Using these results, equations and curves have been derived in the present paper from which the Magnification as well as Phase shifts in the response of a seismograph and their variations with damping and coil inductance can be easily obtained. Based on these curves a number of magnification curves for different combinations, which are in operation at the different seismological stations of the world, have been derived. Suitable equations and curves have also been obtained which can be used for estimating the absolute Magnification of a Seismograph.

An experimental method of obtaining the frequency response curves of seismographs in their operating condition has been described and the results obtained by this method has been given. It has been indicated how the results incorporated in the present paper can be used in the proper design of seismographs required for the different purposes.
Spectral analysis of body waves from the earthquake of February 18, 1956
Authors: Hirasawa Tomowo , Stauder William
Published: July 2021

abstract

The earthquake which occurred south of Honshu, Japan, on February 18, 1956 is studied by means of Fourier analysis. The focal depth of the shock is about 450 km and the magnitude is 714 to 712. Three theoretical models of the source mechanism, that is, Type Ia, Type Ib, and Type II, are examined by the observed amplitude spectra of S and ScS waves.

It is found that the observed amplitude ratios of the Fourier components between two horizontal components of the S wave and of the ScS wave, respectively, agree well with the theoretical ratios for a Type II source. Under the assumption that spectral structures should be the same at all observing points, the scattering from the mean amplitude is calculated. The result shows that the Type II model is preferable to either of the Type I models. Assuming Honda's volume model, whose radiation pattern corresponds to that of a Type II point source, the radius of the source region is estimated by making use of the amplitude ratio of the Fourier component of the S wave to that of the P wave. The radius of the source is found to be 11 km ± 2 km.
A least squares method for earthquake mechanism determination using S-wave data
Authors: Udias Agustin
Published: July 2021

abstract

In this paper a numerical approach to the determination of focal mechanisms based on the observation of the polarization of the S wave at N stations is presented. Least-square methods are developed for the determination of the orientation of the single and double couple sources. The methods allow a statistical evaluation of the data and of the accuracy of the solutions.
Application of numerical method forS-wave focal mechanism determinations to earthquakes of Kamchatka-Kurile Islands Region
Authors: Udias Agustin , Stauder William
Published: July 2021

abstract

The least squares method for the determination of focal mechanism using S-wave data developed by Udias (1964) has been applied to 34 earthquakes of the Kamchatka-Kurile Islands Regions. For most of the earthquakes studied the source mechanism was found to conform best to a double couple model. The accuracy and stability of the solutions are examined. The direction of the principal axes of stress for most of the solutions show a steeply dipping axis of tension and an almost horizontal axis of pressure. The orientation of the pressure axes is normal to the regional trend. The direction of the stresses suggest a thrust faulting with predominantly dip slip motions such that the continental block moves over the oceanic.
An application of the Haskell-Thomson matrix method to the synthesis of the surface motion due to dilatational waves
Authors: Hannon W. J.
Published: July 2021

abstract

The surface motion arising from a plane dilatational wave striking the base of a layered system is obtained by Fourier synthesis using the frequency dependent transmission coefficients which may be computed by the Haskell-Thomson matrix method. Theoretical seismograms illustrating the effect of thin, low-velocity surface layers on the surface motion are constructed from the transmission coefficients of four crustal models.
A study of the aftershocks and focal mechanism of the Salinas-Watsonville earthquakes of August 31 and September 14, 1963
Authors: Udias Agustin
Published: July 2021

The earthquake sequences connected with the earthquakes of August 31 and September 14, 1963 in the Salinas-Watsonville region of California are here studied with reference to the background seismic activity. A very favorable distribution of permanent and mobile stations in this area permits the analysis to include earthquakes of small magnitudes. The mechanism of the larger aftershocks of both sequences is found to be similar to the mechanism of the main shock of September 14, 1963. The orientation of the principal axes of stress derived from the focal mechanism of the September 14 earthquake, is related to the strike of the San Andreas fault.
The tectonic stress and tectonic motion direction in the Pacific and Adjacent areas as calculated from earthquake fault plane solutions
Authors: Scheidegger A. E.
Published: July 2021

The best P and T axes as well as the best normals to the null directions were calculated for groups of earthquake fault plane solutions belonging to 29 areas of the Pacific Basin and vicinity. The method employed was one developed in an earlier paper of the writer; it is based on a calculation of the eigenvectors of a quadratic form. It is shown that the principal horizontal stress (PHS) directions obtained in this fashion are in excellent agreement with those obtained from other evidence. In the Western Pacific Basin and vicinity the calculations were sufficiently dense to determine PHS trajectories; the latter are shown and yield a consistent picture of the area in question.
Attenuation of Pn from offshore Maine explosions
Authors: Frantti G. E.
Published: July 2021

The attenuation of Pn based on seismic energy density in a three-second time window was examined as a function of frequency in the distance range 204.0 ≦ Δ ≦ 346.4 km for underwater explosions in the Gulf of Maine. The diffracted P wave contained energy in the approximate frequency interval 1.25 to 20 cps and attenuation over this portion of the spectrum exhibited an unusual frequency-dependence with little scatter in the data. Dissipation constants are estimated from these observations. Integration of the extrapolated energy spectrum suggests empirically that the seismic source efficiency is about 8 per cent.
Maine seismic experiment: A study of shear waves
Authors: Suzuki Ziro
Published: July 2021

Shear waves recorded at five stations in the Maine Seismic Experiment of 1961 are studied to find a possible velocity distribution. Possibilities in various cases are examined based on time, apparent velocity and amplitude, and compared with the results from P. Flat layer models are rejected and the continuous velocity change is the only possible case except for some more complicated structure. The range of possible distribution of S velocity and Poisson's ratio are obtained. The P and S wave crustal models cannot be reconciled with a constant Poisson's ratio. The Poisson's ratio is 0.255-0.27 at the surface and is constant or slightly decreasing up to 15 km deep. Beyond 20 km it increases continuously with depth up to 0.30-0.32 at the bottom of the crust. This implies the continuous change in material in the lower crust.
A graphical method for the construction of rays and travel times in spherically layered media
Authors: Helbig K.
Published: July 2021

A method is described which allows the graphical construction of rays and travel times. The velocity versus radius curve is graphically converted into a “normalized slowness graph,” in which all variables describing a ray and its travel time can be represented by geometric quantities. It is found that most of the well-known analytic relations between the properties of the velocity versus radius distribution and the form of rays have their geometric counterparts and that these geometric relations can be derived rather simply.
Disturbance from a circularly symmetric load spreading over an acoustic half-space
Authors: Aggarwal H. R. , Ablow C. M.
Published: July 2021

abstract

An exact closed form solution for the disturbance due to a circularly symmetric load spreading arbitrarily from a point on the surface of an acoustic half-space is presented using the Laplace and Hankel transforms. The pressure distribution inside the loaded area is assumed uniform at each time. Wave-front surfaces are discovered and analyzed. Explicit expressions for stress and surface displacement fields are obtained. Simple formulas for the stresses on the axis of symmetry and at the wave front are given.
The pP phase generated in water covered areas
Authors: Shurbet D. H.
Published: July 2021

abstract

The appearance of the pP phase, on seismograms, is strongly affected by the crustal structure in the vicinity of the epicenter. A recognizable pP phase is generated near the west coast of North America when the uppermost layer is water of sufficient depth. The generation of this pP is also affected by ocean bottom conditions. The bottom must probably be flat and the coefficient of reflection between the water and the bottom must be high. This pP phase may be useful in epicenter location and in crustal studies.
The use of leaking modes in seismogram interpretation and in studies of crust-mantle structure
Authors: Su Sergio S. , Dorman James
Published: July 2021

Certain normally and inversely dispersed wave trains appearing in the interval between P and S at moderate epicentral distances are identified as specific higher leaking modes. Observed periods of normally dispersed wave trains vary from 7 to 5 sec and from 12 to 9 sec; observed periods of inversely dispersed wave trains increase from about 15 to 35 sec. While the normally dispersed wave trains are generally observed at epicentral distances less than 20°, the inversely dispersed wave trains may be observed at distances up to about 50°. This latter type of wave, with group velocities between 7.0 and 8.5 km/sec, is shown to be controlled by upper mantle structure, and thus represents a possible tool for upper mantle investigations. These waves differ from waves of the Rayleigh and Love modes in that they are more sensitive to the compressional velocity structure than to the shear velocity structure of the waveguide.

PL and shear-coupled PL data which are identified with the fundamental leaking mode were obtained for two paths in South America. Crustal thicknesses for the path between Buenos Aires and Rio determined independently from PL, shear-coupled PL and Rayleigh wave data agree well with one another. An analysis of the method of obtaining phase and group velocity curves consistent with the shear-coupled PL data shows that this method and this type of data together provide a high degree of precision for the determination of phase velocity curves.

In the theoretical treatment, a rapid, approximate method, which is basically Haskell's (1962) method, was used to obtain dispersion curves for the leaking modes. The results of this method are virtually identical to those of Gilbert (1964) and those of Oliver and Major (1960). The main advantage of the present method is that it provides additional information on particle motion and on the relative amplitudes of the predicted arrivals as functions of phase velocity and period.
Total energy and energy spectral density of elastic wave radiation from propagating faults. Part II. A statistical source model
Authors: Haskell N. A.
Published: July 2021

abstract

Previously derived expressions for the total energy and energy spectral density of elastic waves radiated by a propagating fault are rewritten in terms of a spacio-temporal autocorrelation of the acceleration of relative displacement over the fault plane. This is interpreted in a statistical sense as the average autocorrelation over an ensemble of earthquakes. An explicit form of autocorrelation function is assumed, depending upon two parameters, a correlation length, and a correlation time, and the total energy and energy spectral density are derived in terms of these parameters. By using scaling laws due to Båth and Duda for earthquake volume and radiation efficiency as functions of magnitude, the statistical parameters may also be related to magnitude.
Tectonics of the arctic seismic belt in the light of fault-plane solutions of earthquakes
Authors: Scheidegger A. E.
Published: July 2021

abstract

A statistical method devised earlier by the writer for the tectonic interpretation of fault plane solutions of earthquakes, is applied to fault plane solutions of Arctic earthquakes which were recently published in Russia. It is shown that the earthquakes on the Greenland side of the Arctic seismic belt represent the same tectonic pattern as seen on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, whereas the earthquakes on the Siberian side are tectonically connected with the Verkhoyan range.
Instrumental measurement of slippage on the Hayward fault
Authors: Bolt Bruce A. , Marion Walter C.
Published: July 2021

abstract

A differential transformer has been used as a displacementmeter across a crack in a culvert under the Memorial Stadium, UC Berkeley. The crack is believed to be the result of progressive right-lateral slippage in recent years along the Hayward fault which traverses the stadium. The displacementmeter recorded continuous right-lateral slippage from October 7, 1965 to January 9, 1966. The average rate of movement would amount to about 0.21 inches per year.

Variations in the measured displacement show no significant correlation with the present occurrence of small local earthquakes.

A physical model of the observed fault slippage is outlined, based on the strain-release-by-rupture theory for the origin of shallow earthquakes. The model predicts that strain in the crystalline basement along the fault zone may be accumulating.
Surveys for crustal movement along the Hayward fault
Authors: Pope A. J. , Stearn J. L. , Whitten C. A.
Published: July 2021

abstract

Several networks of closely spaced points have been established along the Hayward fault for the purpose of monitoring slippage. The results of 1951, 1957 and 1963 surveys of a larger network covering the San Francisco Bay Area are shown graphically. Shear data as calculated from the 1951 and 1957 surveys are tabulated for each triangle of the net. The results obtained from the survey data indicate a larger movement during the 1951–1957 period.
Shallow strain seismograph installation at the Wichita Mountains Seismological Observatory
Authors: Shopland Robert C.
Published: July 2021

abstract

An experimental shallow strain seismograph was installed at the Wichita Mountains Seismological Observatory in June, 1963. Short-period and long-period pendulums are operated in combination with strain seismometers to study the improvement in the discrimination of wave types and the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for P waves. Four 20 m horizontal strain seismometers with velocity and displacement transducers are oriented at 45 deg intervals at an average depth of 3.6 m. The least detectable strain increment for Rayleigh waves with the velocity transducer is 4 × 10−13 at 1 Hz with short-period galvanometers, and 1.4 × 10−12 at 100 sec with long-period galvanometers, where Johnson noise is the limiting factor. The least detectable strain increment with the displacement transducer is 2.5 × 10−12 in the range 0.01–10 Hz. A preliminary evaluation of environmental effects indicates that high humidity in the vault requires sealing of the instruments. The vault must be sealed against wind pressure changes. Wind noise from air-to-ground coupling is equal to the amplitude of 0.5-sec microseisms (1.0 mμ peak-to-peak) at a wind velocity of about 14 km/h at a depth of 3.6 m. Seasonal drift rates as high as 30 μ per month, corresponding to a vault temperature change of 5°C, prevent unattended operation of the displacement transducers without drift compensation.
The response of a shear rod to a transient sinusoidal excitation
Authors: Gershanik Simón
Published: July 2021

abstract

Taking into account that the behavior of a building under the action of ground acceleration may be represented in a first approximation by the behavior of a rod, the latter was investigated by the author in three previous papers. To extend the results obtained previously, the response of an undamped shear rod, fastened at one end and excited by a transient sinusoidal acceleration, has been considered and a closed expression, which may be useful as a reference for more complicated cases, has been obtained. The expression was found following a method similar to D'Alembert's of solving the equation of the vibrating string. Formulae for the case of resonance and for the seismic load are also given.
Effect of undulating bed on “singing”
Authors: Bose S. K.
Published: July 2021

abstract

The effect of a sinuous undulating bed, on the “singing” phenomenon discovered by Burg, has been investigated. It has been shown that if the amplitude of undulations is small and if their wave length is much greater than those of the different harmonics in “singing”, the first harmonic appears if the amplitude is less than 0.083 times the water depth. In a case when the wavelength of some of the harmonics is much greater than that of the undulations, waves with slightly different wave lengths appear instead of odd harmonics. It is therefore concluded that, in a very gradual undulating bed, not necessarily sinuous, “singing” phenomenon may take place, while in a highly irregular rough bed, it may be totally absent.
Spectral analysis of digitized seismic data
Authors: Huang Y. T.
Published: July 2021

abstract

Techniques of spectral analysis used for digitized data are discussed in this article from a nonstatistical viewpoint. By a generalization of the theory of linear equations and a truncation of Fourier series, a unique relationship similar to the Fourier Transform Theorem for continuous functions can be derived. Application of this theorem to Fourier series shows how aliasing of frequency occurs. Further application to digitized Fourier transforms indicates loss of aperiodicity in general. Depending upon the choice of fundamental frequencies, we will be able to perform data stacking. Some simple examples shown in the text reveal dependence of phase spectra on different modes of digitization. The phenomenon is associated with analysis of discontinuous functions by a digital method. Only deterministic investigations are conducted in this article.
Noise attenuation in shallow holes
Authors: Douze Eduard J.
Published: July 2021

abstract

Significant improvements in the performance of short-period seismograph recordings are sometimes obtained in shallow holes (<300 m). Wind noise attenuates rapidly with depth and becomes insignificant at depths of 60 m or less. In the presence of low-velocity weathered layers, the normal background noise decays rapidly with depth and significant improvements in signal-to-noise ratios are obtained. In the absence of a low-velocity zone, only a small attenuation in the background noise level is obtained. Little or no wind noise is converted into traveling seismic waves.