bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Area on the Interfacial Adhesion of UHMWPE fibers
Authors: Lee Seung-Goo , Kang Tae-Jin , Yoon Tae-Ho
Published: November 2016

The surface area change of UHMWPE fibers which underwent oxygen plasma treatment was measured as a function of plasma power and plasma treatment time. The interfacial adhesion of oxygen plasma treated UHMWPE fibers was evaluated via micro-droplet test and double cantilever beam test Surface area increased with plasma treatment time at 30 and 60W, but showed a maximum at 100 and 150W. The interfacial adhesion of UHMWPE fibers to vinylester resin exhibited the same trend as the surface area. SEM analysis revealed that oxygen plasma treatment roughened UHMWPE fibers by forming micro-pores leading to increased surface area. However, 1S0W plasma treatment led to degradation of the fibers and thus resulted in failure within the fiber surface layers, producing ribbon-like strips of fiber.
Pervaporation Performance of β-Chitosan Membrane for Water/Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Lee Young Moo , Nam Sang Yong , Woo Dong Jin
Published: November 2016

Composite membranes made of β-chitosan extracted from squid were prepared and crosslinked with sulfuric acid with various crosslinking times. Dehydration performance of the water/ethanol and water/isopropanol mixtures by pervaporation experiments using β-chitosan composite membranes was investigated. Crosslinking and deacetylation degree of the membrane were confirmed by ATR-FT-IR and elemental analysis (EA), respectively. Pervaporation experiments were investigated under various feed concentrations and temperatures. β-Chitosan showed a higher degree of swelling in water than a-chitosan, resulting in a higher flux of β-Chitosan than that of α-chitosan. β-Chitosan composite membranes showed good dehydration performance in pervaporation of a water/alcohol mixture. For water/ethanol mixtures, separation factor (α) - 270; flux (J) - 700 g/m2hr, for water/isopropanol, α - 150; J -1800 g/m2hr, respectively.
Thermal characterization of reactive blending of 70PC/30PET mixtures prepared in the presence/absence of samarium acetylacetonate as a transesterification catalyst
Authors: Meziane Ouahiba , Guessoum Melia , Bensedira Abderrahim , Haddaoui Nacerddine
Published: November 2016

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polycarbonate (PC) blends were prepared in the presence and absence of samarium (III) acetylacetonate hydrate [Sm(acac)3] used as an ester-ester exchange reaction catalyst. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG) were used to study the variations in the thermal properties of blends before and after reactive blending. Solubility measurements in methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) and infrared spectroscopy were also employed to highlight the structural changes that occurred during mixing in the presence of Sm(acac)3. The DSC results showed two distinct transition temperatures (T

g
) for all the compositions. Also, the T

g
values of components were shifted compared to the parent polymers in both the blends prepared with and without catalyst. Further, the T

g
of the PET-rich phase was displaced to higher temperatures and that of the PC-rich phase showed a tendency to diminish as the catalyst’s concentration increased. At the same time, the melting temperature (T

m
) of the PET-rich phase was shifted to lower temperatures. The evaluation of the compositions of the PC- and PET-rich phases using Wood’s equation showed a strong dependence on the catalyst concentration. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric thermograms showed that the thermal stability of the blends was between those of the homopolymers, and evidenced a net improvement relatively to the neat PET. The obtained results confirmed the aptitude of Sm(acac)3 to promote exchange reactions between PC and PET, and to achieve their compatibilization through an interfacial copolymer synthesis process.
Lead Poisoning by Contaminated Flour
Authors: Hershko C. , Eisenberg A. , Avni A. , Grauer F. , Acker C. , Hamdallah M. , Shahin S. , Moreb J. , Richter E. , Weissenberg E.
Published: November 2016

Between October 1982 and June 1983, 43 patients were identified with symptomatic lead poisoning in three Arab villages of the Nablus district. Because of the clustering of clinical poisoning by household units, investigation was focussed on potential sources common to all members of the households. After excluding water, olive oil and a variety of foodstuff, lead in high concentrations was discovered in locally ground flour in all affected households. The source of poisoning was lead poured into the fissures between the metal housing and the driveshaft of the millstone. Significant lead contamination of freshly ground flour was demonstrated in 23% of the 146 community flour mills operating in West Bank villages. Since the completion of these studies, similar outbreaks of lead poisoning caused by contaminated flour mills have been identified in the Upper Galilee and in Spain. As the methods of milling in the Mediterranean area are similar, a coordinated international effort is needed in order to eliminate this health hazard from countries where similar community stone mills are still in use.
Reactive Changes in Smokers and Arterial Disease and COPD
Authors: Anthony Honor M.
Published: November 2016

The review examines the effects of smoking on blood parameters, concentrating on those seen as responses or reactions to the insult of smoking, and finds evidence that smoking causes chronic leucocytosis, macrocytosis and raised haematocrit, raised plasma fibrinogen concentration, reduction of the serum ratio of high to low density lipoprotein (HDL/LDL ratio), and platelet changes. Each of the changes resolved on “quitting”, though for fibrinogen the evidence was indirect. Reports that elevations of the white cell count (WCC), and plasma fibrinogen and reduction of the HDL/LDL ratio each predict myocardial infarction, and that higher haematocrit increases the risk of cerebro-vascular incidents are reviewed, with reports of associations with other forms of arterial disease and COPD, and of their significance for the prognosis of established disease. After noting pathological mechanisms which implicate each of these factors, and platelets, in reactions likely to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, infarction, arterial spasm, and/or lung damage, the author concludes that the evidence in man, backed up by experimental data, provides very strong support for the view that elevations of WCC, haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and reduction of the HDL/LDL ratio represent (or are closely associated with) intermediate causal mechanisms through which smoking induces arterial disease and probably lung disease, and that experimental evidence indicates that platelet changes and macrocytosis also contribute. Differences in the extent of these responses to smoking could be valuable in differentiating the relative harmfulness of different types of cigarette (or of other inhaled pollutants) in terms of these diseases, and in predicting the susceptibility of individuals to these smoking-related diseases.
Pharmacological Interaction and Combined Toxicity of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Iyaniwura Thomothy T.
Published: November 2016

Environmental chemicals are capable of interaction with each other and with endogenous substances to minimize or augment their individual toxicities. Interaction between chemicals could take place via the absorption, distribution and excretory routes. Induction and inhibition of the hepatic drug metabolising enzymes also play a significant role in chemical activation, detoxification and interactions. Knowledge of the various mechanisms of toxicity of combined exposure to chemical compounds, in the work or natural environment, are invaluable in predicting their human hazards.
Sintered TiO2/recycled glass composites designed for the potential degradation of waterborne pollutants
Authors: Cuadrado Wesley , Hernández Liliana M. , Nazario Gerardo A. , Marcelo Suárez Oscar
Published: November 2016

Porous recycled glass beds were produced for the potential use in water remediation. The present work discusses the structural and mechanical characteristics of filters made of commercially available powdered recycled glass. The study measured the porosity and percolation performance of the sintered glass beds as a function of the sintering parameters and the particle size of the original powdered glass. Moreover, because TiO2 can serve as a photocatalyst to degrade organic pollutants, a TiO2/recycled glass composite was also studied. Optical microscopy helped measure the resulting porosity by quantitative image analysis. Finally, a performance map that specified the composite porosity, percolation, and compression characteristics was obtained as a function of sintering time, sintering temperature, glass particle size, and the percentage of TiO2 added.
Prototypical Differences between Inflection and Derivation
Authors: Dressler Wolfgang U.
Published: November 2016

Der Artikel stellt die speziell in den letzten Jahren vorgesehlagenen Kriterien für eine Abgrenzung von Flexion und Derivation zusammen, ergänzt sie und untersucht ihr Verhältnis zueinander. Es wird herausgearbeitet, daß die meisten Abgrenzungskriterien (wenn auch nicht alle) keinen diskret-kategoriellen, sondern prototypischen Charakter haben.
Kreolische Morphologie
Authors: Stolz Thomas
Published: November 2016

The paper gives a short survey of derivational and inflectional morphology in Pidgins and Creoles. Most of these phenomena turn out to ho retentions from substratum structures rather than late borrowings or secondary innovations. This fact points to system-defining structural properties of substratum morphologies as an important factor in Creole genesis. It is argued in favour of a thorough re-evaluation of Creole data on behalf of Natural Morphology.
Bemerkungen zur Wortstellung im einfachen Deklarativsatz der modernen arabischen Schriftsprache
Authors: Wittig Sabine
Published: November 2016

This article deals with problems concerning word order in a simple statement in Arabic considering the positions of the parts of a sentence due to their valence-dependency, their syntactic function and particularly the influence of pragmatic factors. The starting point of this approach is the definition of the linear arrangement of the parts of a sentence within the topic- as well as the focus-sections. On this basis word order variation is discussed not only within the relevant section hut also beyond it.

As the whole sentence is taken to be the basis for the description word order variation at the beginning of a sentence is regarded merely as a part of the more complex problem of word order variation which is examined in close connection with the description of the focus-positions possible and the communicative functions realised by them.
Eine historisch-typologische Analyse der Konstruktion ime motër/sestra mi/soră-mea
Authors: Qvonje Jørn Ivar
Published: November 2016

The present work represents a historical-typological investigation of the constructional type ime motër/cecmpa Mu/soră-mea, named “the kinship type”, especially including the relations of the type to the superior type motra ime/Moama cccmpa/sora mea: The phonetical, morphosyntactial, lexical and sentential characteristic features of this subtype in the Balkan languages Albanian, Bulgarian, and Rumanian together with Italian are discussed.

The Albanian construction e motra is explicated as a typological parallel to a certain type of ezafe construction in Iranian, and a theory is advanced on the preposing of the Albanian copulative article (which is interpreted us a marker of relativisation on par with the ezafe article) under an ellipsis of presupposition.
Zum Interferenzverhalten des Romani
Authors: Boretzky Norbert
Published: November 2016

Romani (Gypsy) differs from other languages in that it has a very restricted vocabulary of inherited words (about 1000 items) and well integrated loans. Therefore, the speakers of Romani are constantly forced to borrow from other languages lexical material to such an extent that we may say, Romani is a lexically deficient language which functions as a means of communication only in combination with other languages. Interestingly, there is a very strong tendency to keep the inherited and the borrowed vocabulary apart by applying to them different forms of inflection, word formation etc. Although many foreign words have been adopted centuries ago they nevertheless continue to follow their own grammatical patterns. This second peculiarity of Romani is hardly found in any other language. Beyond that interference has been and is considerably strong in the sphere of grammatical categories and of syntactic rules. Since various dialects of Romani have been exposed to the influence of rather different languages Romani constitutes an excellent field for the study of all kinds of interference. It can be shown that many'linguistic categories are borrowed by imitating foreign structures in a rather indirect way-a possibility that has been questioned in recent times.
« Le peuple veut l’hérédité de la dignité impériale ...» Le ‘Moniteur’ – une institution glottopolitique de l’ère napoléonienne
Authors: Müller Kalf
Published: November 2016

Untersucht werden Texte aus der offiziellen französischen Presse des Jahres 1804, die die Proklamation Napoleon Bonapartes zum Kaiser der Franzosen vorbereiten. Aus der Beschreibung der thematischen und interaktionalen Stukturen werden Rückschlüsse auf die sprachpolitische Praxis der Napoleonzeit gezogen.
Zum Problem der Neosemantisierung im sozialpolitischen und kulturellen Wortschatz des Maninka
Authors: Dietrich-Friedländer Marianne
Published: November 2016

Notre contribution a pour but de mettre en lumière quelques aspects du néosémantisme (constitution d’un sens nouveau à partir d’un même signifiant) observés dans la langue maninka (Guinée) en prenant comme exemple le vocabulaire politique, social et culturel. Le corpus analysé base sur des matériaux élaborés en maninka dans les années 1978-1984. Dans l’état actuel des recherches sur cette langue le processus de formation des néosémantismes est difficile à repérer. La difficulté essentielle est do rendre compte do la relation qui existe entre la phase initiale, la phase de dissémination (pénétration massive des néosémantismes dans l’usage commun) et la phase d’approbation (fixation des néosémantismes dans la langue). Une réponse à toutes questions se posant dans ce contexte exigerait une enquête plus poussée sur la base d’une documentation plus vaste (en premier lieu ü l’égard de lexiques de base et de dictionnaires). Nous voulons ici simplement esquisser les grandes lignes de l’évolution qui s’est produite dans le domaine lexical au regard du changement de sens de termes préexistants pouvant servir de base de recherches ultérieures. Nous tentons de présenter les traits essentiels des sémèmes d’un mot polysémique sous l’aspect de leur rapport aux procédés de formation des mots et de leur distribution et finalité (extension et généralisation de sens, transfert de sens, détermination de la configuration sémantique, connotation péjorative ou méliorative) en tenant compte des processus de l’archaisme, plus ou moins nets et plus ou moins avancés selon le cas concret.
Zur propositionalen Realisierung der Aufforderungsintention in der Indirekten Rede am Beispiel des modernen Arabischen
Authors: Wittig Sabine
Published: November 2016

This article is intended to be a contribution to the problem of reported speech in Arabic. A command can be presented as a locutionary or illocutionary act of utterance. The reporter’s interpretation of the speaker’s intention can only be described if one distinguishes the grammatically determined meaning from the utterance meaning and the communicative sense. This paper examines linguistic and semantic changes due to reported speech depending on the different structures of the original sentences. It becomes evident in which way reported speech is related on the one hand to the propositional content of the original utterance and on the other to the phrases indicating its illocutionary force. A special aim is to explain how focussing the locutionary reap, illocutionary act results in certain verbs and related that-clauses being used.
LC/ESI-MS/MS profiling of Ulmus parvifolia extracts and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities
Authors: Mina Suzan A. , Melek Farouk R. , Adeeb Rania M. , Hagag Eman G.
Published: November 2016

In this study, a comparative liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/ESI-MS/MS) profiling of different fractions of Ulmus parvifolia leaves and stems was performed. Identification of compounds was based on comparing the mass spectrometric information obtained including m/z values and individual compound fragmentation pattern to tandem mass spectral library search and literature data. Eleven compounds were tentatively identified in the different analyzed fractions. One of the major constituents of this plant was isolated and identified as Icariside E4 [dihydro-dehydro-diconiferyl alcohol-4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside] (5). The evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of the total methanolic extract using nitric oxide inhibition on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells model strong anti-inflammatory activity with 17.5% inhibition of nitric oxide production versus 10% inhibition for dexamethasone. The cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract and Icariside E4 was evaluated against four types of human cell lines using MTT assay. Icariside E4 showed cytotoxic effect against Hep-G2, MCF-7, and CACO-2 cell lines compared to a negligible activity for the total extract. The same extract showed a moderate antioxidant activity with SC50=362.5 μg/mL.
Solvent Radical Anions in Irradiated Aliphatic Ketones and Esters as Observed Using Time-Resolved Magnetic Field Effects in the Recombination Fluorescence
Authors: Borovkov Vsevolod , Taratayko Andrey , Bessmertnykh Alena , Bagryansky Victor , Molin Yuriy
Published: November 2016

It has been found that addition of alcohols (~0.1 M) to some liquid ketones and esters results in well-pronounced oscillations in the decay of the delayed fluorescence intensity from irradiated solutions. The analysis of the time-resolved magnetic field effects (TR MFEs) in the recombination fluorescence has shown that these oscillations are a manifestation of singlet-triplet transitions in spin-correlated radical ion pairs (RIPs) created by irradiation. Comparison with literature data indicates that the transitions are due to hyperfine couplings (HFCs) in the solvent radical anion (RA), stabilized due to the presence of alcohol molecules. In acetone, this stabilization effect has been observed for methanol, ethanol, 2- propanol, and, to a smaller extent, for tert-butanol. Similar effects have also been observed in diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and methyl propionate but not in methyl tert-butyl ketone and ethyl trimethylacetate. The results obtained indicate that the interaction between the radical anions (RAs) of carbonyl compounds and alcohol molecules is of importance in pulse radiolysis studies of organic liquids and their mixtures.
Increase in the Age of Olympic Swimmers in Modern Times
Authors: Mazzilli Facundo M.
Published: November 2016

Mazzilli, FM. Increase in the age of Olympic swimmers in modern times. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2208–2215, 2017—Anecdotal data suggest an increase in the age of Olympic swimmers, but scientific studies in this regard are scarce, despite the importance for coaches of the confirmation of this increase in different styles. To ascertain the reality of this increase, this study focused on the analysis of the data contained in the reports of the Internal Olympic Games Association, covering different events and styles throughout the history of the Games. Starting with the 1908 Games, a total of 806 swimmers (436 men and 370 women) were included in the study. Of them, 137 men and 135 women had won 2 or more medals. Plots of the age of the swimmer at the time a gold, silver, or bronze medal was granted versus year of competition elicited statistical significant increases in 3 events in men and 9 events in women. Interestingly, significant increases were regularly observed in the styles introduced in the 60s, and a kind of V-shaped distribution was observed in some of the long established competitions, namely in the 100, 400 and 1,500 m freestyle in men, where the point of inflexion seems to occur around 1960. Overall, there is a continuing increase in the age of swimmers of ages over 24 years mirrored by a decrease of those younger than 20 years, and this is accompanied by the increased presence of swimmers that have won medals in 2 or 3 different Games.
A Performance Analysis of a Stand-Up Paddle Board Marathon Race
Authors: Schram Ben L. , Hing Wayne A. , Climstein Mike , Furness James W.
Published: November 2016

Schram, BL, Hing, WA, Climstein, M, and Furness, JW. A performance analysis of a stand-up paddle board marathon race. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1552–1556, 2017—Stand-up paddle boarding (SUP) is a rapidly growing sport and recreational activity in which little scientific research exists. A review of the literature failed to identify a single article pertaining to the physiological demands of SUP competition. The purpose of this study was to conduct a performance analysis of a national-level SUP marathon race. Ten elite SUP athletes (6 male and 4 female athletes) were recruited from the Stand Up Paddle Surfing Association of Australia to have their race performance in the Australian Titles analyzed. Performance variables included SUP speed, course taken, and heart rate (HR), measured with a 15-Hz global positioning system unit. Results demonstrated that there was a variation in distance covered (13.3–13.9 km), peak speed (18.8–26.4 km·h−1), and only moderate correlations (r = 0.38) of race result to distance covered. Significantly greater amounts of time were spent in the 5- to 10-km·h−1 speed zones (p ≤ 0.05) during the race. Peak HR varied from 168 to 208 b·min−1 among the competitors with the average HR being 168.6 ± 9.8 b·min−1. Significantly higher durations were spent in elevated HR zones (p ≤ 0.05) with participants spending 89.3% of their race within 80–100% of their age-predicted HRmax. Marathon SUP races seem to involve a high aerobic demand, with maintenance of near-maximal HRs required for the duration of the race. There is a high influence of tactical decisions and extrinsic variables to race results. These results provide a greater understanding of the physiological demands of distance events and may assist in the development of specialized training programs for SUP athletes.
Niacin‐mediated Tace activation ameliorates CMT neuropathies with focal hypermyelination
Authors: Bolino Alessandra , Piguet Françoise , Alberizzi Valeria , Pellegatta Marta , Rivellini Cristina , Guerrero‐Valero Marta , Noseda Roberta , Brombin Chiara , Nonis Alessandro , D'Adamo Patrizia , Taveggia Carla , Previtali Stefano Carlo
Published: November 2016

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are highly heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations in more than 70 genes, with no available treatment. Thus, it is difficult to envisage a single suitable treatment for all pathogenetic mechanisms. Axonal Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) type III drives Schwann cell myelination and determines myelin thickness by ErbB2/B3‐PI3K–Akt signaling pathway activation. Nrg1 type III is inhibited by the α‐secretase Tace, which negatively regulates PNS myelination. We hypothesized that modulation of Nrg1 levels and/or secretase activity may constitute a unifying treatment strategy for CMT neuropathies with focal hypermyelination as it could restore normal levels of myelination. Here we show that in vivo delivery of Niaspan, a FDA‐approved drug known to enhance TACE activity, efficiently rescues myelination in the Mtmr2−/− mouse, a model of CMT4B1 with myelin outfoldings, and in the Pmp22+/− mouse, which reproduces HNPP (hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies) with tomacula. Importantly, we also found that Niaspan reduces hypermyelination of Vim (vimentin)−/− mice, characterized by increased Nrg1 type III and Akt activation, thus corroborating the hypothesis that Niaspan treatment downregulates Nrg1 type III signaling.
Hyponatraemia secondary to nivolumab-induced primary adrenal failure
Authors: Trainer Harris , Hulse Paul , Higham Claire E , Trainer Peter , Lorigan Paul
Published: November 2016

Checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and pembrolizumab, have transformed the prognosis for patients with advanced malignant melanoma and squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, and their use will only expand as experience is gained in a variety of other malignancies, for instance, renal and lymphoma. As the use of checkpoint inhibitors increases, so too will the incidence of their unique side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect dermatological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, endocrine and other systems. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the human programmed death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1) found on many cancer cells and is licensed for the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. We describe the first case of nivolumab-induced adrenalitis resulting in primary adrenal failure presenting with hyponatraemia in a 43-year-old man with malignant melanoma. The case highlights the potentially life-threatening complications of checkpoint inhibitors and the need for patient education and awareness of irAEs among the wider clinical community because such side effects require prompt recognition and treatment.

Learning points:

Nivolumab can cause primary adrenal insufficiency.

Not all cases of hyponatraemia in patients with malignancy are due to SIADH.

Any patient on a checkpoint inhibitor becoming unwell should have serum cortisol urgently measured and if in doubt hydrocortisone therapy should be initiated.

Although hyponatraemia can occur in patients with ACTH deficiency, the possibility of primary adrenal failure should also be considered and investigated by measurement of renin, aldosterone and ACTH.

Patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors require education on the potential risks of hypocortisolaemia.

PET imaging demonstrated bilateral increased activity consistent with an autoimmune adrenalitis.
Animal models of medullary thyroid cancer: state of the art and view to the future
Authors: Vitale Giovanni , Gaudenzi Germano , Circelli Luisa , Manzoni Marco F , Bassi Andrea , Fioritti Niccolò , Faggiano Antongiulio , Colao Annamaria , _ _
Published: November 2016

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumour originating from parafollicular C cells accounting for 5–10% of thyroid cancers. Increased understanding of disease-specific molecular targets of therapy has led to the regulatory approval of two drugs (vandetanib and cabozantinib) for the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma. These drugs increase progression-free survival; however, they are often poorly tolerated and most treatment responses are transient. Animal models are indispensable tools for investigating the pathogenesis, mechanisms for tumour invasion and metastasis and new therapeutic approaches for cancer. Unfortunately, only few models are available for medullary thyroid carcinoma. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of animal models in medullary thyroid carcinoma and highlights future developments in this field, with the aim of addressing salient features and clinical relevance.
Muscle injury, impaired muscle function and insulin resistance in Chromogranin A-knockout mice
Authors: Tang Kechun , Pasqua Teresa , Biswas Angshuman , Mahata Sumana , Tang Jennifer , Tang Alisa , Bandyopadhyay Gautam K , Sinha-Hikim Amiya P , Chi Nai-Wen , Webster Nicholas J G , Corti Angelo , Mahata Sushil K
Published: November 2016

Chromogranin A (CgA) is widely expressed in endocrine and neuroendocrine tissues as well as in the central nervous system. We observed CgA expression (mRNA and protein) in the gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle and found that performance of CgA-deficientChga-KO mice in treadmill exercise was impaired. Supplementation with CgA inChga-KO mice restored exercise ability suggesting a novel role for endogenous CgA in skeletal muscle function.Chga-KO mice display (i) lack of exercise-induced stimulation of pAKT, pTBC1D1 and phospho-p38 kinase signaling, (ii) loss of GAS muscle mass, (iii) extensive formation of tubular aggregates (TA), (iv) disorganized cristae architecture in mitochondria, (v) increased expression of the inflammatory cytokinesTnfα,Il6andIfnγ, and fibrosis. The impaired maximum running speed and endurance in the treadmill exercise inChga-KO mice correlated with decreased glucose uptake and glycolysis, defects in glucose oxidation and decreased mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase activity. The lack of adaptation to endurance training correlated with the lack of stimulation of p38MAPK that is known to mediate the response to tissue damage. As CgA sorts proteins to the regulated secretory pathway, we speculate that lack of CgA could cause misfolding of membrane proteins inducing aggregation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes and formation of tubular aggregates that is observed inChga-KO mice. In conclusion, CgA deficiency renders the muscle energy deficient, impairs performance in treadmill exercise and prevents regeneration after exercise-induced tissue damage.
Estrogen receptors and estetrol-dependent neuroprotective actions: a pilot study
Authors: Tskitishvili Ekaterine , Pequeux Christel , Munaut Carine , Viellevoye Renaud , Nisolle Michelle , Noël Agnes , Foidart Jean-Michel
Published: November 2016

Estetrol (E4) has strong antioxidative, neurogenic and angiogenic effects in neural system resulting in the attenuation of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. We aimed to define the role of estrogen receptors in E4-dependent actions in neuronal cell cultures and prove the promyelinating effect of E4. In vitro the antioxidative and cell survival/proliferating effects of E4 on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in primary hippocampal cell cultures were studied using different combinations of specific inhibitors for ERα (MPP dihydrochloride), ERβ (PHTTP), GPR30 (G15) and palmytoilation (2-BR). LDH activity and cell survival assays were performed. In vivo the promyelinating role of different concentrations of E4 (1 mg/kg/day, 5 mg/kg/day, 10 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day) was investigated using the hypoxic–ischemic brain damage model in the 7-day-old immature rats before/after the induction of hypoxic–ischemic insult. Myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining was performed on brain coronal sections. Our results show that LDH activity is significantly upregulated in cell cultures where the E4’s effect was completely blocked by concomitant treatment either with ERα and ERβ inhibitors (MPP and PHTPP, respectively), or ERα and ERβ inhibitors combined with 2-BR. Cell survival is significantly downregulated in cell cultures where the effect of E4 was blocked by ERβ inhibitor (PHTTP) alone. The blockage of GRP30 receptor did affect neither LDH activity nor cell survival. MBP immunostaining is significantly upregulated in E4-pretreated groups at a concentration of 5 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day E4, whereas the MBP-positive area OD ratio is significantly increased in all the E4-treated groups. E4’s antioxidative actions mostly depend on ERα and ERβ, whereas neurogenesis and possibly promyelinating activities might be realized through ERβ.
Ovarian function and reproductive senescence in the rat: role of ovarian sympathetic innervation
Authors: Cruz Gonzalo , Fernandois Daniela , Paredes Alfonso H
Published: November 2016

Successful reproduction is the result of a myriad interactions in which the ovary and the ovarian follicular reserve play a fundamental role. At present, women who delay maternity until after 30 years of age have a decreased fertility rate due to various causes, including damaged follicles and a reduction in the reserve pool of follicles. Therefore, the period just prior to menopause, also known as the subfertile period, is important. The possibility of modulating the follicular pool and the health of follicles during this period to improve fertility is worth exploring. We have developed an animal model to study the ovarian ageing process during this subfertile period to understand the mechanisms responsible for reproductive senescence. In the rat model, we have shown that the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating the follicular development during ovarian ageing. This article reviews the existing evidence on the presence and functional role of sympathetic nerve activity in regulating the follicular development during ovarian ageing, with a focus on the subfertile period.

Free Spanish abstract: A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/2/R59/suppl/DC1.
Aut-ors of our Experience: Interrogating Intersections of Autistic Identity
Authors: Benham Jessica L. , Kizer James S.
Published: November 2016

Narratives of the Autistic experience are often told, interpreted, and assigned value by people who are not Autistic, allowing dominant cultural understandings of Autism to pervade without substantial inquiry. In academia, a space in which there is little room for Autistic people in the first place, the power of these dominant ideologies is used to minimize our voices, dismiss our concerns, and devalue our insights. Drawing from Spry’s definition of auto-ethnography and using the works of Derrida and Ronell as aesthetic inspiration, we share and interpret our lived experiences to reclaim our Autistic academic identity. We deliberately disrupt conventions of scholarly writing and storytelling to demonstrate that Autistic narratives should and do interrupt, challenge, or even completely undermine academic normativity. We deploy this cripping-up of our experiences to interrogate how Autistic identity is constructed and negotiated in academia. In doing so, we explore avenues to integrate and celebrate Autism in academic spaces so that scholarship in disability studies, critical autism studies, and gender studies can be enhanced.
Review of Sanchez, Deafening Modernism: Embodied Language and Visual Poetics in American Literature
Authors: Janechek Jennifer
Published: November 2016

In Deafening Modernism: Embodied Language and Visual Poetics in American Literature, Rebecca Sanchez engages a range of methodologies—literary and historical analysis, linguistics, ethics, and queer, cultural, and film studies—to probe the relationship between images, bodies, and texts as revealed in canonical American modernist works.
Terrorism and Anti-Terrorism Legislation in Canada
Authors: Spitzig Amanda
Published: November 2016

The events of September 11, 2001 drastically altered the political climate in North America. The atmosphere of fear, mainly instilled by the hegemonic influence of American mass media outlets and government, allowed the Canadian government to take advantage of citizen unease and pass controversial legislation, such as the Anti-Terrorism Act (2001) and the Combating Terrorism Act (2013). This critical analysis attempts to divulge into the root meaning of “terror” in order to unpack the motivations of terrorism, and understand how it really operates. Particular attention is placed on the role of the media and the Canadian and American governments in instilling a psychological phenomenon of terror into society. This article seeks to answer whether terrorism poses any real threat to North Americans, and whether the legislation passed by the Canadian government stands up to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and democracy itself.
A Reimagined Response to Drug Offenses in the Western World
Authors: Kinghorn Ryan
Published: November 2016

A Reimagined Response to Drug Offenses in the Western World is an essay regarding the ineffective responses currently employed to deal with non-violent drug offenses in both Canada and the United States. The essay identifies many of the major issues attributed to the current neo-liberal response to such crimes, and suggests alternative ways of dealing with this very prominent societal issue. Furthermore, this essay explores a new perspective on non-violent drug offenses - as being more of a medical issue than criminal, and how this perspective can influence changes in the current criminal procedures associated with the war on drugs.
Mexico’s Living Dead
Authors: Fregoso Rosa-Linda
Published: November 2016

In September 2014, I was as a judge for the Hearing on Feminicide and Gender Violences organized by the Permanent People’s Tribunal in Chihuahua, Mexico. Although the levels of social violence and insecurity have touched the lives of everyone, the impact has been most devastating for women. For three days we heard testimonies from victims of feminicide, disappearances and trafficking, structural violence, forced exile, domestic violence, sexual violence, and persecution as human-rights defenders. We heard repeated references to the police’s and military’s long history of violating human rights with impunity, to the complicity of the state authorities with organized crime, to cartel infiltration at all levels of government, to a narco-maquina (narco-machine) currently ruling Mexico. It became exceedingly difficult to determine whether it was agents of the state or organized crime groups that were perpetrating these crimes against humanity.
Timing of Circumcision and Breastfeeding Initiation Among Newborn Boys
Authors: Mondzelewski Lisa , Gahagan Sheila , Johnson Christine , Madanat Hala , Rhee Kyung
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Newborn circumcision, particularly in the first 24 hours of life, has been thought to adversely affect breastfeeding initiation. However, no studies specifically support an association between early circumcision and difficulty with breastfeeding initiation or maintenance. This study was designed to determine whether timing of newborn circumcision affects rates of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 2 weeks of life.

METHODS:

A retrospective study of 797 newborn boys and their mothers was conducted at a large military hospital. Exclusion criteria included gestational age <38 weeks, multiple delivery, NICU admission, and absence of maternal intention to breastfeed. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the relationship between time of elective circumcision and exclusive breastfeeding at 3 time points: hospital discharge and the newborn and 2-week outpatient visits.

RESULTS:

Mean infant age at circumcision was 29.7 hours. Thirty-one percent were circumcised at <24 hours of age. Rates of exclusive breastfeeding were 66.8%, 64.1%, and 63.7% at hospital discharge and the newborn and 2-week outpatient visits, respectively. In the multivariable model, time of circumcision was not significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.00; P = .54), the newborn outpatient visit (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99–1.02; P = .84), or the 2-week outpatient visit (OR, 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–1.01; P = .44).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no significant association between timing of elective newborn circumcision and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 2 weeks of life. In this setting, early circumcision of otherwise healthy, term boys had no deleterious effects on breastfeeding initiation or maintenance.
Factors Associated With the Prophylactic Prescription of a Bowel Regimen to Prevent Opioid-Induced Constipation
Authors: Chen Nancy Y. , Nguyen Eugene , Schrager Sheree M. , Russell Christopher J.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Identify factors associated with the prophylactic prescription of a bowel regimen with an inpatient opioid prescription.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study from June 1, 2013, to October 31, 2014 of pediatric inpatients prescribed an oral or intravenous opioid on the general medical/surgical floors. We identified patients with or without a prophylactic prescription of a bowel regimen. We obtained patient demographics, prescriber training level and service and used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the factors associated with prophylactic bowel regimen and opioid prescription.

RESULTS:

Of the 6682 encounters that met study criteria, only 966 (14.5%) encounters had prophylactic prescriptions. Patient factors associated with prophylactic prescription include increasing age (per year; odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.07) and sickle cell diagnosis (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 2.08–4.91). Medication factors associated with prophylactic prescription include a scheduled opioid prescription (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.46–2.1) and a prescription for oxycodone (OR = 3.59, 95% CI 2.57–5.00) or morphine (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.39–2.44), compared with acetaminophen-hydrocodone. Compared with medical providers, surgeons were less likely (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.35–0.53) and pain service providers were more likely to prescribe a prophylactic bowel regimen (OR = 4.12, 95% CI 3.13–5.43).

CONCLUSIONS:

More than 85% of inpatient opioid prescriptions did not receive a prophylactic bowel regimen. Future research should examine factors (eg, clinical decision support tools) to increase prophylactic prescription of bowel regimens with opioids for populations found to have lower rates.
Can a Flavored Spray (Pill Glide) Help Children Swallow Their Medicines? A Pilot Study
Authors: Jagani Mamta , Legay Hélène , Ranmal Sejal R , Bertrand Julie , Ooi Kuan , Tuleu Catherine
Published: November 2016

Pediatric pharmacists are constantly faced with the challenges of supporting children and caregivers for whom the difficulties of swallowing medicines can be a daily struggle. Most medicines are only available as tablets and capsules, and where liquid alternatives exist, these products often have issues with palatability and high costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the swallowing spray, Pill Glide, could help children in taking their solid and liquid medicines. This open label pilot study compared the spray with a behavioral approach alone, the current standard of care at the pediatric hospital. Patients were children on long-term drug therapies, either transitioning from liquid preparations to tablets and capsules, or known to be experiencing swallowing difficulties. Using age-adapted diaries, patients self-reported the difficulty of taking medicines on a 6-point hedonic scale for 2 weeks before the intervention, and then for 1 week while using Pill Glide. Data were analyzed from 10 children aged 6 to 16 years, with an average burden of 3.5 tablets per day. Pill Glide (strawberry was the most popular flavor) was shown to significantly decrease the overall medicine taking difficulty score by 0.93 (range, 0.33–1.53), almost 1 hedonic face point on the scale used (P = .002). There was insufficient data for liquid medicines. Pill Glide could help children with pill swallowing, thus improving patient acceptability of medicines and potentially adherence. It could also be implemented as a useful cost-saving intervention because solid dosage forms are cheaper.
Comparing Clementines and Satsumas
Authors: Niemi Kristian
Published: November 2016

It is sometimes claimed that there is no religious education in the general Indian school system. there are reasons to suggest that matters are more complex than that. Combining the two fields of religious and comparative educational studies, this article shows that there are themes in Indian syllabuses and teaching materials that involve religious content. empirical data include the Indian National Policy of education, the National Curriculum Framework and syllabuses, as well as syllabuses and textbooks from a particular school board (CISCe).
Making of a Saint for All Seasons
Authors: Reeck Matt
Published: November 2016

Haji Waris Ali Shah (1818/9-1905) of Dewa, India, became a Sufi saint of lasting significance within South Asia. With a large and eclectic community of believers coming from various religious backgrounds, Haji Waris Ali Shah proves to be an ecumenical figure. While several hagiographies exist, I use Mirza Muhammad Ibrahim Beg Shaida Warsi's 1938 text S'ai al-haris fil-rayahin al-waris, a text revised and edited by Razi Ahmed, a contemporary claimant to his legacy through the Dargah Warsi Association at Dewa Sharif, the saint's mausoleum, to argue that the saint's power was concentrated in his body and its affective influence. His manner of dress, his itinerant lifestyle, his manner of speaking, and the documented power of his eyes were all subtly capable of reaching devotees of different personal inclinations and religious training. Focusing on his body as a living shrine at which believers gathered, I hope to lend weight to an affective history of religion where the affective reach of saints gains a place to explain their often enormous impact on their believers, primarily during the saint's life but also after.
Gaudiya Vaisnava Studies
Authors: Wong Lucian
Published: November 2016

Gaudiya Vaisnavism, which traces its origins to the ecstatic Bengali Krsna devotee, Krsna Caitanya (1486-1533), has indelibly shaped the socio religious landscape of Bengal and significantly impacted other regions of the Indian subcontinent, such as Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. The present article provides a current map of the field of the study of the Gaudiya Vaisnava tradition, from its inception to the early twentieth century, based largely on recent critical English-language scholarship. Adopting a thematic historical approach, it highlights the contextual specificity of recent scholarship and provides a heuristic framework for understanding the tradition and its historical dynamics.
The Bhagavad Gita, translated by Gavin Flood and Charles Martin. Edited by Gavin Flood
Authors: Forsthoefel Thomas
Published: November 2016

The Bhagavad Gita, translated by Gavin Flood and Charles Martin. Edited by Gavin Flood. Norton Critical Traditions; New York and London: W. W. Norton, 2015. xviii + 206 pp., $16.25 (pb). ISBN 978-0-393-91292-0 (pb).
Proposição de método para definir as posições de paletes destinados à separação de cargas fracionadas em um armazém
Authors: Morito Pereira Caroline , Anholon Rosley , Battochio Antônio
Published: November 2016

Os processos de armazenagem têm adquirido elevada importância no cenário das cadeias de abastecimentos que demandam um melhor desempenho dos armazéns em organizar os bens de modo a atingir alta utilização do espaço físico e facilitar a movimentação. Dimensionar os estoques e posicionar os itens de forma estratégica conduz a uma melhor eficiência nos processos de separação de pedidos e atendimento ao cliente. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo propor um método para definir as posições de paletes destinados à separação de cargas fracionadas em um armazém, de acordo com critérios baseados em popularidade e frequência de giro dos produtos. Este método será apresentado por meio de um estudo de caso e, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, os paletes serão posicionados no armazém e medidos os ganhos em termos de produtividade de separação de pedidos e redução de posições de armazenagem. As pesquisas nesta temática têm crescido rapidamente nos últimos anos, porém combinações de dimensionamentos com classificação de itens não se apresentam tão explorados. Desta forma, acredita-se que os resultados deste estudo possam contribuir para futuras pesquisas.