bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inventing Modern
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

Modern is a word much used, but hard to pin down. In Inventing Modern, John H. Lienhard uses that word to capture the furious rush of newness in the first half of 20th-century America. An unexpected world emerges from under the more familiar Modern. Beyond the airplanes, radios, art deco, skyscrapers, Fritz Lang’s Metropolis, Buck Rogers, the culture of the open road—Burma Shave, Kerouac, and White Castles—lie driving forces that set this account of Modern apart. One force, says Lienhard, was a new concept of boyhood—the risk-taking, hands-on savage inventor. Driven by an admiration of recklessness, America developed its technological empire with stunning speed. Bringing the airplane to fruition in so short a time, for example, were people such as Katherine Stinson, Lincoln Beachey, Amelia Earhart, and Charles Lindbergh. The rediscovery of mystery powerfully drove Modern as well. X-Rays, quantum mechanics, and relativity theory had followed electricity and radium. Here we read how, with reality seemingly altered, hope seemed limitless. Lienhard blends these forces with his childhood in the brave new world. The result is perceptive, engaging, and filled with surprise. Whether he talks about Alexander Calder (an engineer whose sculptures were exercises in materials science) or that wacky paean to flight, Flying Down to Rio, unexpected detail emerges from every tile of this large mosaic. Inventing Modern is a personal book that displays, rather than defines, an age that ended before most of us were born. It is an engineer’s homage to a time before the bomb and our terrible loss of confidence—a time that might yet rise again out of its own postmodern ashes.
1846: Great-Grandpa and Manifest Destiny
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

We finished the twentieth century living in what literary people were first to identify as a postmodern age. Seventy years earlier, I had been born into a world that we all knew was unambigu-ously modern. The word “modern” was so ubiquitous that I am still caught off guard when people use it to describe a time gone by. How did that world get away from me!

My father had good cause to use the word. Born in 1893 and raised in the small Swiss/Austrian/German farming community of Nauvoo, Illinois, he told me stories of the emergent twentieth century.
Short-Lived Technologies: Searching for Direction
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

Late-twentieth-century mathematics finally confirmed something we had always known in our bones—that no human future can ever be predicted. Insofar as we can cast the prediction of even modestly complex futures in mathematical terms, the outcome is hopelessly dependent upon specifying the present with perfect accuracy. And that, it turns out, is always impossible to do.

Think, for example, about pouring cream into tea—how the cream quickly spreads and diffuses in increasingly complicated patterns. Suppose we wanted to reproduce one such pattern. We might find a large glass tank, fill it with tea (or just water), and wait until the tea seems absolutely still. Then we might clamp a pipette filled with cream above the tank. Next, we might release one-tenth of a cubic centimeter of cream from a height of three centimeters and photograph the resulting pattern as soon as one second after impact. When that’s done, we replace the tea and repeat the experiment as precisely as we can. Finally, we compare the two photos.
“The Irruption of Forces Totally New”
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

Sometimes it helps us to understand the past if we identify an annus mirabilis, a year of wondrous movement and change. One such year is 1776, when Americans declared their independence from Great Britain. The year 1776 was also when Boulton and Watt went into business making steam engines, thus declaring a kind of economic independence for British commoners. And it was the year that Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, which repudiated the old mercantile economics of imperialism.

The world did not turn upside down precisely in 1776. Many of the important events that fix 1776 in our minds occurred before that year and after it. But 1776 was roughly when eighteenth-century revolution truly gelled and it gives us a good place to hang our hats when we think about that epoch.
A New Genus of Genius
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

As our view of reality fragmented, we began seeing mental brilliance as a new kind of commodity. Genius of a most unorthodox kind had clearly uncovered the “forces totally new” that were reshaping the world. Since genius had yielded such bizarre shifts in human perception, we began to see it as a developable asset. I recall people talking about genius when I was a child. What I.Q. rating defined it? Who qualified? One popular criterion was the ability to read and understand Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. By the 1930s we had developed a kind of hyperawareness of genius.
Fires and the High-Rise Phoenix
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

The summer of 1871 had been one of driest on record in the central states. Rainfall had been a scant 28 percent of normal. By autumn, Chicago’s wooden buildings were dry tinder, but so too were the forests of northern Wisconsin and Michigan. Sparks hit the tinder simultaneously in two places at once, around nine o’ clock on Sunday evening, October 8.

That was when Mrs. O’Leary’s cow supposedly kicked over a lantern and started the Great Chicago Fire. But we need to look more closely at the conventional history of the fire.
The Titan City
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

Charles Jencks’s book on skyscrapers offers a typology of tall buildings. He suggests three essential forms: skyprickers, skyscrapers, and skycities. The Empire State Building, rising into a spire, is a classic example of a skypricker. When Jencks uses the term skyscraper, he refers to a tall, slablike building with a flat top. We see them all around us today, rendered in steel and glass. The Flatiron Building, with its isosceles cross-section and flat top, is a much older example of what Jencks calls a skyscraper.
The Back Door into the Sky
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

I suggest in chapter 3 that 1901 might serve as our annus mirabilis, the wondrous year in which Modern found its place upon the public stage. That was also the year the Wright brothers first flew. They were still two years from powered flight, but they made several successful glider flights in 1901, and they validated their new system for controlling an airplane in flight.
A Boy’s Life in the New Century
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

Let us begin with a scene in the late 1930s. I am seated at a gas-fired iron stove in the basement laundry room of my house. I hold a small iron ladle over the flame. It is half-filled with lead scraps that I scavenged under the linotype machines at the St. Paul Dispatch and Pioneer Press newspaper building. I found the lead when my father, writer and sometime science editor at the paper, took me to see the machines.

The gas flame is turned up high, and the lead has become a silver pool, partly covered with an oxide scum. In my left hand, I hold the musket-ball mold that belonged to my great-grandfather in his days at Sutter’s Fort (described in chapter 1). It’s shaped like a pair of pliers.
War
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

It was early in the morning of August 10, 1915. Thirty thousand fresh Turkish troops came down off Sari Bair hill on the Gallipoli Peninsula. They fell upon the tired, badly positioned forces of the British and their allies. Twelve thousand Allied troops perished in furious hand-to-hand combat. While an even larger number of Turkish soldiers died that day, the Turks nonetheless won, and Allied hopes for moving on to secure the Dardanelles Straits were ended.
A Funeral in the Fifties
Authors: Lienhard John H
Published: November 2023

Modern breathed her last during the 1950s, and we witnessed her passing without any real sense that she was ailing. Such a peculiar alchemy of change and contradiction enveloped us all—we were done with World War II and back to life where we had left off. How could anyone have realized that we were now somehow switched over to a completely different train, and that we were riding down an entirely new track?
No More Submit to Oppression
Authors: Walker Ronald W , Turley Richard E , Leonard Glen M
Published: November 2023

Ten years had passed since July 24, 1847—the day that Brigham Young and fellow Mormons first arrived in the Salt Lake Valley. They had been celebrating the anniversary of that “Pioneer Day” ever since. By 1856 Young became aware of a crystal lake in the mountains near the top of Big Cottonwood Canyon southeast of Salt Lake City. That year he hosted 450 Pioneer Day guests at the site, which became known as Silver Lake. He enjoyed the celebration so well that at its close he proposed “that we do not dissolve” the party “but adjourn it until the 23d day of July, 1857 . . . preparatory to celebrating the 24th.”2 Going ahead with his plans, Young sponsored the two-day picnic again, except that this year—the tenth anniversary of the Mormons’ arrival—everything was on a grander scale.
A Splendid Train
Authors: Walker Ronald W , Turley Richard E , Leonard Glen M
Published: November 2023

The threat of war in Utah did little to slow the flood of emigrants who would pass through on the way to California— though for a time the weather did. After two years of drought, the winter of 1856/57 had brought ten feet of snow to some Utah communities. The snow pack in the mountains averaged twenty feet. At first winter refused to give up. Prairie grass east of South Pass was “six weeks later than ever known,” and some emigrant cattle died for the lack of feed. Then, suddenly, spring came, unleashing the pent-up emigration.
We Have Better Claim
Authors: Walker Ronald W , Turley Richard E , Leonard Glen M
Published: November 2023

Though most trains took the northern trail out of Salt Lake City in 1857, a few took the southern route. Among them was the large train later massacred at Mountain Meadows. About two weeks before the atrocity, these emigrants camped near the north-bound Jacob Hamblin in central Utah, where they told Hamblin that their “one train was made up near Salt Lake City of several trains that had crossed the plains separately; and being southern people had preferred to take the southern route.”
The Matrix of Turkish Islamic Movements
Authors: Yavuz M Hakan
Published: November 2023

The Nakşibendi order in its many different manifestations has been a part of Turkish history, culture, economics, politics, and individual identity for several centuries. Like other Sufi orders, this order has undergone an internal transformation and revival in recent decades, despite state-imposed secularization and repression. Not surprisingly, this revival has corresponded with the Turkish state’s gradual liberalization and integration into the global market. Nakşibendi religious, social, and cultural networks have become suffused with political and economic associations. In response to repression, most of these orders gradually transformed themselves from strictly religious associations into competing informal educational and cultural associations with religious underpinnings. They gathered support from sections of traditional society that regarded the Kemalist variant of secularization as too radical and destructive with respect to Turkish history and traditions. The Nakşibendi orders provided a structure and functioned as a catalyst for maintaining the religious-moral education and spiritual development of Muslim society in Turkey.
Print-Based Islamic Discourse
Authors: Yavuz M Hakan
Published: November 2023

The Nurcu groups have evolved into the most powerful and effective sociopolitical communities in contemporary Turkey. The writings of Said Nursi, particularly his magnum opus, Risale-i Nur Külliyati (RNK), constitute the base of this faith movement. Nursi’s work has marked Islamic political discourse indelibly, offering original ideas for addressing political and sociocultural problems. By studying the Nur community, one can understand the dynamics of religion and state on the one hand and modernity and identity on the other. The Nur groups’ dynamism as a social movement is rooted in their network of media, education, business, and publishing establishments. The text-based nature of the movement makes it unique; since Nursi’s death in 1960, no one has succeeded him, and the movement remains very much centered around his writings. This focus has resulted in a new idiom of communication and a new message of moral and ethical renewal for society. The Nur movement’s emphasis on text naturally has resulted in its involvement in the publishing and printing businesses.
The Securitization of Islam and the Triumph of the AKP
Authors: Yavuz M Hakan
Published: November 2023

In the 1990s, Turkey’s religious and Kurdish groups used new opportunity spaces to assert their own identity claims. Since identitybased political systems tend to subsume all forms of class and ideological divisions in identity categories, in the case of Turkey political debate became dominated by the themes of Islam versus secularism, Sunni versus Alevi, and Kurd versus Turk. The state establishment, mainly the military and civilian bureaucracy, reacted to these identity claims as security threats, and the “securitization” of Kurdish and Islamic identity claims further politicized Turkish society. By “securitization” I mean a concept articulated by Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, and Philippos K. Savvides whereby the state brands certain religious, ethnic, class, or ideological groups and movements as a national security threat justifying coercive and often extrajudicial measures against them. This process defines ethnic and religious identity claims “as an existential threat, requiring emergency measures and justifying actions outside the normal bonds of political procedure.”
Travels in the North and West
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren
Published: November 2023

Sally Thomas’s son’s reputation as an excellent barber spread even beyond Davidson County. In 1848, Sally listened as James told her how he had been summoned to a hotel in Nashville by Maury County slave owner Andrew Jackson Polk, brother of Episcopal clergyman Leonidas Polk and a distant relative of the President, James Knox Polk. Two years before, A. J. Polk had married the wealthy and attractive Rebecca Vanleer, a member of a prominent iron-manufacturing family. “They were,” one family member said, “the handsomest couple I have ever seen.” In 1847, with Rebecca’s money, Polk purchased from his brother the beautiful plantation Ashwood Hall, with its formal gardens, orchards, greenhouses, and a spacious mansion house. Now Polk was planning an extended summer trip to the North and asked James Thomas if he would accompany him as his personal body servant.
This Mighty Scourge of War
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren
Published: November 2023

It was a clear, chilly morning on January 10, 1863 as James Thomas stood on the deck of the steamboat Ruth and watched the Battle of Arkansas Post unfold. He had found work as a barber aboard the Ruth, the new elegant passenger steamer. On its maiden voyage, however, the ship had been commandeered by Union general Clinton B. Fisk to carry Union troops to fight against the Confederates along the White and Arkansas rivers. Years later, Thomas recalled how Fisk had walked into the boat’s barbershop, raked winnings off a table in the corner where a poker game was in progress, and put the money in a box marked “sanitary commission”—put aside to buy food, clothing, and medical supplies for war refugees. Erect and confident, with deep-set eyes and a full, heavy black beard, Fisk exuded power and authority.
One True Faith: Four Centuries of Religious Monopoly
Authors: Chesnut R Andrew
Published: November 2023

The Iberian conquest and colonization of the New World in the sixteenth century gave the Roman Catholic Church a new lease on life. As a result of the Protestant Reformation, the church had lost its millennial monopoly on religious production in Western Europe. The reformers-Zwingli, Luther, and Calvin-provoked an irreversible schism in the One True Church in which significant parts of Germany, France, and Switzerland and all of England, Scot land, and Scandinavia became Protestant territory. By the mid-sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church had lost its uncontested dominion over European souls and would now have to compete with Protestant churches for believers. Catholic navigators Columbus and Cabral and their respective discoveries of the Caribbean islands and Brazil meant, however, that as the European continent was lost to religious competition, an entire New World was won for reconstruction of the Catholic monopoly on faith. As Protestantism claimed Geneva and London, the alliance between the Iberian crowns and the Vatican guaranteed Catholicism’s religious control over the indigenous peoples and African slaves, as well as Portuguese and Spanish colonists from Sao Paulo to San Francisco. Thus the Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the indigenous peoples and colonization of their lands meant that just as the Roman Catholic Church was being forced to contend with nascent Christian pluralism in Western Europe.
Cornering the Market: An Anatomy of Pentecostal Success
Authors: Chesnut R Andrew
Published: November 2023

As the premier non-Catholic religion of Latin America, Pentecostalism has been the primary religious architect and developer of the region’s new free market of faith. If the region’s popular consumers are now free to choose to consume the religious goods that best satisfy their spiritual and material desires, it is largely due to the unparalleled growth of Pentecostal churches since the 1950s. This Charismatic branch of Protestantism single-handedly created religious and social space where Latin Americans from the popular classes are free not to be Catholic. Given Catholicism’s historical role as one the constituent elements of Latin American national identities, Pentecostalism’s construction of an alternative religious identity for those dissatisfied with their inherited faith is no minor achievement. For more than four centuries, to be Colombian or Mex ican, for example, was to be Catholic. The tiny minorities who began to convert to historic Protestant denominations, such as Methodism and Presbyterianism, in the latter half of the nineteenth century and then to the faith missions around the turn of the century risked social ostracism and sometimes even violence at the hands of Catholics who viewed Protestant converts as traitorous to the One True Faith, if not the nation itself. Not surprisingly, during this period Protestant converts tended to be those Latin American men and women who had the least religious, social, political, and financial capital to lose in abandoning their native religion. Very rarely did members of the privileged classes shed their Catholic identities.
Practical Consumers:The Success of Pneumacentric Religion among Women
Authors: Chesnut R Andrew
Published: November 2023

Since women constitute the great majority of religious practitioners in Latin America, any spiritual firm interested in prospering must develop and market products that appeal to the particular tastes and preferences of female consumers. This is not say that all Latin American women share a gendered religiosity. Gender identities can vary according to social class, ethnicity, nationality, region, and individual differences. Nevertheless, if the diasporan religions and Charismatic Christianity are thriving in the region, it is in large measure due to the popularity of their products among women from the popular classes. In this chapter I consider the reasons for the extraordinary success of these three religious groups among poor Latin American women.
The Outdoor Environment
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

Earth is unique among the planets of our solar system in offering all the basic necessities of life. But human life is far from easy on most parts of the globe. A planet-sized atmospheric engine, fueled by radiation from the sun and cooled by the radiation of heat back into the emptiness of space, moves air, moisture, and thermal energy across its surface in restless patterns that create an outdoor environment of varied and often extreme conditions.
Providing for Thermal Comfort
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

Clothing and buildings are similar in that both use passive devices to control natural flows of heat, air, and moisture vapor for the increased comfort of the wearer or occupant (7.1). They differ in two important respects: First, buildings enclose a volume many times as large as that contained by clothing, in order to house not only the bodies of the occupants but also all the space occupied and traversed in the course of their activities. Second, buildings are usually equipped to take an active as well as a passive role in creating thermal comfort, through the controlled release of energy to create a more favorable indoor climate.
Thermal Properties of Building Components
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

Each material used in building construction has its own unique set of physical properties relative to the flow of heat. An important part of a designer’s job is to select and combine building materials in such a way as to result in a building whose enclosure performs as much of the building’s climate-control function as possible, leaving as little work as possible to be done by energy-consuming heating and cooling systems.
Controlling Air Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

The roles of air temperature and humidity in human thermal com fort are easily grasped. In cool air the body loses heat too quickly for comfort, and in hot air, too slowly. We seek a happy medium. If the air is too humid, skin evaporation is too slow for comfort. If the air is too dry, the skin and the respiratory surfaces of the lungs are dried too rapidly, and static electricity becomes a nuisance. Thus we expect our buildings to regulate air temperature and humidity, along with thermal radiation and air movement, within fairly close tolerances.
Providing for Building Movement
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

A building, even a seemingly solid, massive one, is never at rest. Its motions are usually very small ones that we can’t see, but most of them are caused by virtually irresistible forces and would tear the building to pieces if not provided for in some way. The surfaces of the building would crack, twist, and tear; components would pull apart or be crushed together. At best, the building would become merely unsightly. At worst, it would become leaky and structurally unsound.
Keeping a Building Alive and Growing
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

Even before a building is completed, Nature begins to destroy it systematically. Gravity, wind, and seismic movements constantly test the stability of the structure. The ultraviolet wavelengths of sunlight fade organic building materials and break down their molecules. Rainwater dissolves carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere to form weak carbonic and sulfuric acids that eat away at stone and encourage the oxidation of metals. Where two adjacent metals of dissimilar electrolytic potentials are wetted by rainwater, a galvanic reaction occurs, generating electric currents that cause rapid decomposition of the anodic metal.
Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control
Authors: Shuster Malcolm D , Dellinger Wayne F
Published: November 2023

By spacecraft attitude, we mean how a spacecraft is oriented in space. Every spacecraft carries a complement of instruments, usually called a payload, that must be directed in some way, and the performance of this payload depends in a fundamental way on the attitude. Thus, the ability to know the spacecraft attitude (attitude determination) and the ability to command a desired attitude (attitude control) are indispensable to the performance of the spacecraft.
Ron1an Sunshine Four Th Trip 23 April-16 June 1624
Authors: Shea William R , Artigas Mariano
Published: November 2023

Galileo was in poor health after his return to Florence in June 1616, and he blamed the city air. He began looking for a house outside the city, and in April 1617 he was able to rent the Villa Bellosguardo on the south side of the Arno, a lovely location from which he enjoyed an unobstructed view of the heavens above and a beautiful panorama of Florence at his feet. Galileo had three children from his common-law wife, the Venetian Marina Gamba, and he placed his two daughters in the neighboring convent of San Matteo in Arcetri, which he could reach in three-quarters of an hour on foot or by mule, when he was well enough to make the trip. His eldest daughter, Virginia, who had taken the name of Sister Maria Celeste, was an intelligent and warm-hearted woman who became a great comfort to her father. The younger sister, Livia, Sister Arcangela in religion, broke down under the strain of convent life and became chron¬ically depressed. His son, Vincenzio, was legitimated by the grand duke and educated at the University of Pisa.
Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound
Authors: Cobbold Richard S C
Published: November 2023

Biomedical ultrasonics is inherently interdisciplinary, involving mechanics, electrical engineering, physics, biology, and medicine. As such, it can be an extraordinarily difficult subject to cover in one book. Drawn from years of class notes, student interaction and personal experience, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound does just that. It covers the fundamental engineering behind ultrasound equipment, properties of acoustic wave motion, the behaviour of waves in various media, non-linear waves and the creation of images. The most comprehensive book on the subject, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound is an indispensible reference for any medical professional working with ultrasound imaging, and a comprehensive introduction to the subject for students. The book consists of ten chapters that bridge the spectrum from the fundamental properties of wave propagation through to clinical systems. The first four chapters describe linear and nonlinear propagation, and methods for calculating the field produced by transducers of various designs. A number of problems designed to test the reader's understanding, well-suited for formal class assignments, accompany these chapters. The topics of ultrasound scattering, and transducer design are addressed in chapters 5 and 6. The final four chapters addess methods of imaging and flow measurement. Some 350 drawings, graphs, sketches and colour images have been used. These, together with many tables, have been used to illustrate the various topics covered; a substantial portion of which are appearing for the first time in print.
Introduction
Authors: Cobbold Richard S C
Published: November 2023

The past 50 years have seen important advances in the understanding, development, and application of ultrasound methods for medical and industrial uses. For medical diagnostic applications, a major advantage accrues from the ability of ultrasound to penetrate biological tissue and to return signals that contain information from which the acoustic structure can be determined. Provided the intensity is not too great, it can do this without causing micro-or macroscopic damage. For medical therapeutic applications, the use of ultrasound can be traced to the mid-1930s, when it was used in physiotherapy for deep tissue heating.
Precursors of Mental Health Problems for Low Birth Weight Children: The Salience of Family Environment during the First Year of Life
Authors: Weiss Sandra J , Jonn Seed Mary St.
Published: November 2023

Substantial numbers of low birth weight (LBW) children are being diagnosed with moderate to severe emotional and behavior problems,1–3 which in turn are forecasting later mental disorders.4–7 But there are conflicting views regarding the source of these problems, fueled by the traditional nature versus nurture controversy. Many clinicians are convinced that the biological limitations posed by low birth weight have a strong negative impact on early interactive capacity as well as overall intellectual and social competence during the first year of life. All of these infant characteristics are thought to influence the development of behavioral and emotional problems for the child.
Resilient Children: What They Tell Us about Coping with Maltreatment
Authors: Henry Darla L
Published: November 2023

The costs of child maltreatment to children, families, and society has been extensively documented for the past 30 years. In 1990, the magnitude of child maltreatment led the U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect to declare the existence of a “national emergency” (Cicchetti, 1994). Particularly for children and adolescents, the costs are great and complex. They include the loss of selfesteem and a sense of identity, lack of trust and social skills, and a wide range of social, developmental, emotional, and intellectual problems (Farber and Egeland, 1987). These costs suggest the need for social policy and programs to deal with teen pregnancy, alcohol abuse, mental illness, and more serious delinquent behaviors. Maltreated adolescents have been reported to have more attentional problems, more stress, and lower family cohesion that younger maltreated children (Crittenden, Claussen, and Sugarman, 1994).
Adoption as a Family Form
Authors: March Karen , Miall Charlene
Published: November 2023

Adoption creates a family that, in important ways, differs from the traditional biologically related nuclear family. As a family form, adoption, according to Bartholet (1993), “creates a family that is connected to another family, the birth family, and often to different cultures and to different racial, ethnic, and national groups as well” (p. 186). Adoption as a family form is also an institution in transition. The trend toward more openness in adoption, the increase in international, interracial, and special needs adoption, and the rising number of stepparent, single parent, and gay-lesbian adoptive families has generated an awareness that current perspectives on how adoption is conceptualized and how adoption practice is approached need to be reexamined.
Values Underlying End-of-Life Decisions: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Leichtentritt Ronit D , Rettig Kathryn D
Published: November 2023

Human values play important roles in human be-haviors because they influence perceptions, deci-sions, and actions and, as a result, affect the welfare of individuals, their family members, and the community. In view of the importance of values in guiding human judgments (Nenon, 1997), researchers and practitioners would benefit from explicit descriptions of the central values underlying the deliberations faced by people concerned with decisions to prolong or to end life (Brigham & Pfeifer, 1996).
The Experience of Deafened Adults: Implications for Rehabilitative Services
Authors: Aguayo Miguel O , Coady Nick F
Published: November 2023

For the purposes of this article “adventitious deafness” (Benderly, 1980) is the term used for profound hearing loss acquired after having learned speech and language, rather than deafness from birth. Other common terms in the literature for this phenomenon include late deafness (Rothschild & Kampfe, 1997), postvocational deafness (Schein & Delk, 1974), and sudden severe deafness (Levine, 1981). The impetus for this study is the conviction that adventitious deafness is a social problem that is underrecognized, underresearched, and undertreated.
Challenges of Type 2 Diabetes and the Role of Health Care Social Work: A Neglected Area of Practice
Authors: Decoster Vaughn A
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent and serious chronic diseases facing the U.S. health care system. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1998), diabetes affects 15.7 million people in the United States, 10.3 million of whom have been diagnosed and 5.4 million of whom are unaware that they have this disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) (1998) estimates that in 1997 alone medical care for diabetes cost $44.1 billion. Diabetes exacts an equally devastating physical toll; it is the leading cause of blindness, end-stage renal disease, non-injury-related lower limb amputations, and cardiac disease, and it is the seventh leading cause of death in this country (CDC, 1998).
Dialysis Patient Characteristics and Outcomes: The Complexity of Social Work Practice with the End-Stage Renal Disease Population
Authors: Dobrof Judith , Dolinko Arlene , Lichtiger Elena , Uribarri Jaime , Epstein Irwin
Published: November 2023

Measuring patient outcomes has become especially crucial in the competitive world of healthcare, where patient outcomes are studied in relation to medical and cost effectiveness (Epstein, Zilberfein, & Snyder, 1997; Nurius & Vourlekis, 1997). For patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), understanding and reporting on the interconnection between dialysis patient characteristics and outcomes can inform social workers’ interventions and advocacy efforts in support of continued federally mandated involvement of professional social workers with this population. Because psychosocial factors have a strong influence on how patients progress on dialysis (Vourlekis & Rivera-Mizzoni, 1997), and social work interventions can affect patients’ psychosocial situation (Furr, 1998), social work services are critical to positive outcomes among the ESRD population.
Depressive Symptoms in Farm Women: Effects of Health Status and Farming Lifestyle Characteristics, Behaviors, and Beliefs
Authors: Carruth Ann K , Logan Cynthia A
Published: November 2023

Rural life has frequently been depicted as slower, healthier, and less stressful than its urban counterpart. In reality, farming is one of the most dangerous occupations1 and stress associated with farm life affects men, women, and children. Because the majority of farms in the United States are family owned,2 the stress associated with farm life is predicated by the constant threat of occupational risks and hazards even as families share life experiences. In fact, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health3 has identified stress in occupational workers as a serious problem.
Race and Ethnicity, Nativity, and Issues of Healthcare
Authors: Sudha S , Mutran Elizabeth J
Published: November 2023

“Age and Health in a Multiethnic Society: Health Care Issues,” the special issue of Research on Aging (January 2001), highlights two very important social facts of the early 21st century. U.S. immigration is at new highs, paralleling the influx of persons at the beginning of the century and contributing to greater heterogeneity. The second social fact is the ever-increasing emphasis on health, health care, and health policy as expressed in political campaigns and in President Bill Clinton’s call for Healthy People 2010.
Racism as a Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Dobbins James E , Skillings Judith H
Published: November 2023

Nearly a century ago, in a seminal treatise on racism in America, Sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois (1903/1961) put forth a concept of “dual consciousness” that is especially relevant now to discussions of the clinical impact of racism. Although DuBois used dual consciousness to describe the social effects of racism on people of African descent, the concept of race reactance can be applied not only to people of color but to members of mainstream American culture as well. For both ethnic minorities and members of the dominant culture, dual consciousness implies a self/not-self splitting of the persona; whereas the former represents healthy drives, needs, and cognition, the largely unacknowledged “not-self” is composed of intrapsychic mechanisms that organize thoughts, behavior, and attitudes around racial themes in order to compensate for manifestations that are inconsistent with our inherent attributes.
Changing the Rules: A Board Game Lets Homeless Women Tell Their Stories
Authors: Racine Guylaine Racine , Sévigny Odile
Published: November 2023

As Milburn and D’Ercole (1991) have noted, many studies of homeless people have tended to assume that their subjects are incompetent, incapable of functioning, or both. Research on homeless women in particular is certainly no exception, with participants often presented as passive, disaffiliated, and unable to help themselves or others (Martin and Nayowith, 1989; Pollio et al., 1996).
Using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing to Enhance Treatment of Couples
Authors: Protinsky Howard , Sparks Jennifer , Flemke Kimberly
Published: November 2023

An examination of the controlled-outcomes studies in marital therapy indicates that approximately 50% of couples significantly improve. Only a small number of studies has investigated the longevity of the positive results of couple therapy, and these investigations unfortunately demonstrate that there is a diminishing effect. Couple therapists obviously need to understand more about how to produce change that is lasting. Because the focus in most couple therapy is at the level of changing thinking or behavior, it may be that interventions that are aimed at our rational processes are not sufficiently effective (Atkinson, 1999). Recognizing that affective change should be an important focus in couple therapy has led to an increase in developing and researching emotionally oriented approaches (Johnson & Greenberg, 1994; Johnson & Lebow, 2000).
The Harm-Reduction Approach Revisited: An International Perspective
Authors: Tsui Ming-Sum
Published: November 2023

Illicit drugs have become a global problem following greater movement brought about by political changes such as the collapse of communism in Russia and the formation of international groups of countries to increase trade (Hellawell, 1995). Although there is close cooperation between the law enforcement authorities of different countries, illicit drug use appears to be increasing. Although people in many societies reject legalization or decriminalization of illicit drug use, the search for an alternative approach to zero tolerance to reduce the demand for illicit drugs will become a big issue for most countries in the world.
A Narrative Perspective on “Doing” for Multiproblem Families
Authors: Knei-Paz Cigal , Ribner David S
Published: November 2023

“Human behavior, unlike that of physical objects, cannot be understood without reference to the meanings and purposes attached by human actors to their activities” (Guba & Lincoln, 1994, p. 106). As helping professionals, we have all too often assumed an understanding of our clients’ behaviors, without allowing them sufficient space for the telling of their own attributed meanings and purposes. As Giordano (1977) suggested, “Psychiatry has perpetuated the notion that the patient’s point of view toward treatment is likely to be distorted and inaccurate. Because social work agencies have generally maintained a psychological orientation, they, in turn, are able to avoid using the client’s viewpoint” (p. 34). Similarly, Mayer and Timms (1969) noted that “the client has rarely been asked what kind of help he wants or what he thinks of the help he has been given” (p. 32).
Motivational Enhancement Counseling Strategies in Delivering a Telephone-Based Brief HIV Prevention Intervention
Authors: Rutledge Scott E , Roffman Roger A , Mahoney Christine , Picciano Joseph F , Berghuis James P , Kalichman Seth C
Published: November 2023

Motivational enhancement treatment (MET) interventions are increasingly being added to the menu of behavioral interventions for reducing risk of HIV transmission among high-risk populations for several reasons. First, although a variety of theorybased HIV transmission risk-reduction interventions have been found effective (for reviews, see Auerbach, Wypijewska, & Brodie, 1994; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1994; Choi & Coates, 1994; Kalichman, Carey, & Johnson, 1996; National Institutes of Health, 1997; Office of Technology Assessment, 1995; Wingood & DiClemente, 1996), a sizable number of individuals at risk of becoming infected, reinfected, or infecting others do not enroll in or drop out of such programs because of logistical and psychological barriers to participation.
Roger Nash Baldwin
Authors: Avedon Richard
Published: November 2023

Roger Nash Baldwin s pioneering struggle for civil justice offers us a valuable lesson: one person s action can help change the world So many basic American liberties we take for granted can be traced back to Baldwin’s uncompromising recognition of humanity in practice. A life to be celebrated Roger Nash Baldwin, civil libertarian and social activist, was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts, the son of Frank Fenno Baldwin, a leather manufacturer who owned several companies, and Lucy Cushing Nash. The lines on both sides of the family went back to the Pilgrims. Baldwin attended Wellesley public schools. As a boy he lacked prowess in sports and developed interests in music, art, and nature. He was regarded as “different,” which made him seek, early in life, “unconventional, nonconformist avenues of expression” consistent with the intellectual heritage of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and other New England icons. His family were free-thinking Unitarians.
Leon F. Czolgosz
Authors: Carnes Mark C
Published: November 2023

He was restless and rootless. He lacked a steady job and went most(y unnoticed in groups. He used aliases less for concealment than to confer illicit significance upon an unremarkable persona. He was uncomfortable with women and did not date. He learned to hate, and was drawn to famous people who articulated grandiose visions of destruction. He craved their approval and sought to win it through a shocking act of violence. On a bright September day in the first year of a new century, he committed murder, and in so doing changed the world.

2001.
Arthur J. Goldberg
Authors: DerShowitz Alan M
Published: November 2023

Arthur Goldberg, though no longer a household name, reached the highest echelons of our government and had an enormous and continuing influence on American life. Raised in the humblest of circumstances, he was the first in his family to receive a.formal education. By dint of his incredible intelligence and energy, he became America ‘s first great labor lawyer. Eventually, he was appointed as US. secretary of labor, transforming that role, and then as an associate justice of the Supreme Court. He served on the High Court.for only three years; .for one of those years, I was honored to be his law clerk. During his brief tenure on the bench, he helped shape the legacy of the Warren Court in civil rights and civil liberties. Though he intended to remain on the Supreme Court.for the rest of his life, he patriotically accepted President Lyndon Johnson’s call.for him to replace Adlai Stevenson as our representative to the United Nations, hoping thereby to help bring about peace in Vietnam. Leaving the High Court entailed an enormous personal sacrifice, one of many that Goldberg made in his lifelong quest for peace and justice.
Emma Goldman
Authors: Duberman Martin
Published: November 2023

The first discovered Emma Goldman during the 1960s, when I was myself becoming politically radicalized. Her life and her writings spoke dramatically to many of the central concerns then beginning to dominate my life, and she quickly became an iconic figure for me. I was enormously taken with this rash, courageous, difficult, and incorruptible woman whose passionate concern for the world’s unfortunates made her an implacable foe of privilege and traditional authority.
The American People in World War II
Authors: Kennedy David M
Published: November 2023

Even as the New Deal was coping with the Depression, a new menace was developing abroad. Exploiting Germany’s own economic burdens, Hitler reached out to the disaffected, turning their aimless discontent into loyal support for his Nazi Party. In Asia, Japan harbored imperial ambitions of its own. The same generation of Americans who battled the Depression eventually had to shoulder arms in another confiict that wreaked worldwide destruction, ushered in the nuclear age, and forever changed their way of life and their country’s relationship to the rest of the world. The American People in World War II--the second installment of Kennedy’s Pulitzer Prize-winning Freedom from Fear--explains how the nation agonized over its role in the confiict, how it fought the war, why the United States emerged victorious, and why the consequences of victory were sometimes sweet, sometimes ironic. In a compelling narrative, Kennedy analyzes the determinants of American strategy, the painful choices faced by commanders and statesmen, and the agonies infiicted on the millions of ordinary Americans who were compelled to swallow their fears and face battle as best they could. The American People in World War II is a gripping narrative and an invaluable analysis of the trials and victories through which modern America was formed.
City Government In Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor
Authors: Dmitriev Sviatoslav
Published: November 2023

City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor examines the social and administrative transformation of Greek society within the early Roman empire, assessing the extent to which the numerous changes in Greek cities during the imperial period ought to be attributed to Roman influence. The topic is crucial to our understanding of the foundations of Roman imperial power because Greek speakers comprised the empire’s second largest population group and played a vital role in its administration, culture, and social life. This book elucidates the transformation of Greek society in this period from a local point of view, mostly through the study of local sources such as inscriptions and coins. By providing information on public activities, education, family connections, and individual careers, it shows the extent of and geographical variation in Greek provincial reaction to the changes accompanying the establishment of Roman rule. In general, new local administrative and social developments during the period were most heavily influenced by traditional pre-Roman practices, while innovations were few and of limited importance. Concentrating on the province of Asia, one of the most urbanized Greek-speaking provinces of Rome, this work demonstrates that Greek local administration remained diverse under the Romans, while at the same time local Greek nobility gradually merged with the Roman ruling class into one imperial elite. This conclusion interprets the interference of Roman authorities in local administration as a form of interaction between different segments of the imperial elite, rejecting the old explanation of such interference as a display of Roman control over subjects.