bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization and Outcomes Associated With Intravascular Ultrasound During Abdominal and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Interventions in the United States in the Contemporary Era (2016–2023)
Authors: Mosarla Ramya C. , Heindel Patrick V. , Hussain Mohamad A. , Schermerhorn Marc , Kuno Toshiki , D’Oria Mario , Li Siling , Secemsky Eric A.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use in aortic endovascular interventions, including thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), may have similar benefits to those seen in coronary and peripheral interventions, but limited utilization and outcome data exist.

METHODS:

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims data were used to identify patients undergoing TEVAR and EVAR from 2016 to 2023. Utilization trends were stratified by region, urbanicity, distressed communities index, community versus academic center, Medicare versus dual enrollment status, indication, urgency, and presence of dissection with malperfusion. Inverse probability weighting was used to assess the impact of IVUS on a composite outcome of repeat aortic intervention or death. Cox regression was used to estimate weighted hazard ratios.

RESULTS:

A total of 136 540 patients underwent TEVAR and EVAR, of which 9.8% (13 364) used IVUS. IVUS use increased slightly from 2016 to 2023, driven more by use in TEVAR compared with EVAR, and was higher in academic settings, with Medicare and Medicaid dual enrollment, in the West, with dissections, with malperfusion and for elective procedures. IVUS was associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome at 30-days (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.73–0.89];
P
<0.001) and 6-months (hazard ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87–0.99];
P
=0.022) for all-comers. Subgroup analysis suggested lower risks of the primary outcome with IVUS use for aneurysm driven by the abdominal segment, malperfusion, thoracoabdominal dissection with malperfusion, thoracoabdominal repair, and chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSIONS:

IVUS use has increased slightly in TEVAR and EVAR with heterogeneity in use. IVUS implementation during TEVAR and EVAR was associated with improved early and mid-term outcomes, particularly in certain subsets.
Extended Rhythm Monitoring to Assess for Ventricular Arrhythmias After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement With the Harmony Valve
Authors: Yang Jeffrey K. , Wattenbarger Laura , Taylor Anne C. , Chubb Henry , Romfh Anitra W. , Peng Lynn F. , Ceresnak Scott R. , Dubin Anne M. , McElhinney Doff B.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Varying rates of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) have been reported early after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with the Harmony valve, but data regarding rhythm outcomes beyond hospital discharge are limited. This study aims to characterize ventricular arrhythmias after Harmony TPVR from implant through mid-term follow-up.

METHODS:

Ventricular arrhythmia data from postimplant telemetry and follow-up extended rhythm monitoring (ERM) were analyzed after Harmony TPVR.

RESULTS:

Fifty-four patients with tetralogy of Fallot (n=39), valvar pulmonary stenosis (n=10), or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (n=5) were studied; 22% had prior NSVT and 24% were on prior rhythm medication. On postimplant telemetry, 27 patients (50%) had NSVT, including 1 who had torsade de pointes, but most had <5 episodes. Pre-TPVR NSVT or rhythm medications, diagnosis other than tetralogy, and substantial device contact with the myocardium were associated with more frequent NSVT on telemetry. Ten patients (19%) were started on a new antiarrhythmic medication. On discharge ERM, 37% of patients had NSVT, most with <5 episodes and only 13% with NSVT beyond 5 days post-discharge. On follow-up ERM, 14% of patients had a single episode of NSVT and 1 had 5 episodes. During follow-up, antiarrhythmic medications were discontinued in 8 of 10 patients and no patients died or had sustained ventricular tachycardia.

CONCLUSIONS:

NSVT and ventricular ectopy were common early after TPVR but were infrequent in most cases and diminished rapidly after discharge. The incidence of NSVT on follow-up ERM was similar to preimplant incidence. Few patients had antiarrhythmic medications initiated, and most were discontinued on follow-up. There were no major arrhythmic events after discharge.
Determining the Optimal Age for Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CMOSS Randomized Trial
Authors: Li Xin , Li Yaowei , Wang Tao , Sun Xinyi , Lu Guangdong , Xu Xinjuan , Yang Renjie , Luo Jichang , Bai Xuesong , Tong Xiaoguang , Gu Yuxiang , Wang Jiyue , Tong Zhiyong , Wang Yufeng , Cai Yiling , Ren Jun , Wang Donghai , Duan Lian , Maimaitili Aisha , Hang Chunhua , Yu Jiasheng , Chen Tong , Ma Yan , Jiao Liqun ,   for the CMOSS Investigators
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Previous trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for patients with carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, little evidence has focused on the effect of age on prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether EC-IC bypass surgery can provide greater benefits than medical therapy alone in specific age groups.

METHODS:

A post hoc analysis was performed of the CMOSS (Carotid or Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Surgery Study), which was a randomized, open-label, outcome assessor-blinded trial conducted at 13 centers in China between June 2013 and March 2018. A total of 324 patients with internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion with transient ischemic attack or nondisabling ischemic stroke attributed to hemodynamic insufficiency were randomized into a surgical group (n=161) that underwent EC-IC bypass surgery with medical therapy, and a medical group (n=163) that received antiplatelet therapy and stroke risk factor control alone. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke or death within 30 days or ipsilateral ischemic stroke beyond 30 days up to 2 years after randomization. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to explore the optimal age boundary, and survival analyses were used to explore differences between groups.

RESULTS:

Among the 324 patients (median age, 52.7 years; 79.3% men), an age cutoff of 55.5 years predicted the primary outcome in the surgical group (area under the curve, 0.649 [95% CI, 0.530–0.769]). Patients were further divided into an older group (>55.5 years) and a younger group (≤55.5 years). Younger patients who underwent bypass surgery showed a lower risk of the primary outcome (log-rank
P
=0.001) than older patients. Patients who underwent EC-IC bypass surgery had a lower risk than patients with medical therapy alone in the younger group (3.2% versus 11.6%; hazard ratio, 0.255 [95% CI, 0.071–0.916];
P
=0.036), but not in the older group (17.5% versus 13.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.597 [95% CI, 0.225–1.580];
P
=0.298).

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients aged 55.5 years or younger with symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusion of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery and hemodynamic insufficiency, the addition of EC-IC bypass surgery to medical therapy significantly improved prognosis. These findings suggest that the clinical application of EC-IC bypass surgery needs more research to explore refined patient selection criteria incorporating more clinical features.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01758614.
Do Fire Weather Conditions Significantly Affect Wildfires in Subtropical Forests in Taiwan?
Authors: Yu Hong-Wen , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Liu Wan-Yu
Published: December 2024

The previous establishment of Taiwan’s Forest Fire Danger Rating Warning System in 2002 relied solely on ground-based fuel aridity considerations, leaving a gap between fire weather information and fire detection. In view of the warming climate and the increasing trend in wildfire frequency, this study analyzes meteorological conditions that promote wildfire occurrence using modern atmospheric reanalysis and satellite data. Correlation coefficient matrix and generalized additive models (GAMs) were constructed to investigate the associations between the interannual variance of wildfire occurrence during regional fire seasons over a 58-yr period (1964–2021) and various fire-related indices, including meteorological conditions, vegetation, soil moisture, and collective indicators represented by the fire weather index (FWI). The study finds that precipitation and humidity, rather than temperature, are the primary climatic drivers of increased wildfire risk in Taiwan. Specifically, prolonged droughts during the summer and fall enhance fuel aridity, deplete groundwater, and deteriorate vegetation, subsequently increasing wildfire probability. Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship between southwestern wildfires and antecedent groundwater 12 months prior suggests that fuel flammability and availability preceding drought events compound the likelihood of widespread wildfires. This study highlights a robust tendency toward increased wildfires in response to drought starting almost a year before, suggesting the feasibility of seasonal prediction application.

Significance Statement

This study revealed a robust relationship between fire weather conditions and historical wildfire occurrences in Taiwan, the first such finding for its subtropical forests. The importance of considering the drought severity for effective wildfire management was emphasized.
Convectively Coupled Global Rossby Modes in an Idealized Moist GCM
Authors: MacDonald Cameron G. , Zurita-Gotor Pablo , Held Isaac M. , Ming Yi
Published: December 2024

The westward-propagating convectively coupled equatorial wave (CCEW) variability produced by an idealized general circulation model (GCM) is investigated. The model is a zonally symmetric aquaplanet with a slab ocean. Water vapor in the model may condense and produce latent heating, but there is no parameterization of cloud processes, only a quasi-equilibrium convection scheme. The CCEWs produced by the model are found to be sensitive to the heat capacity of the slab and the strength of surface friction. In spectral space, the westward-propagating precipitation variability in the model is dominated by sharp peaks in spectral power at zonal wavenumbers 5 and 6. These precipitation peaks are situated along the dispersion curve of the Rossby–Haurwitz waves, suggesting a connection between the global Rossby modes and precipitation variability. Composites of these disturbances reveal global circulation patterns that extend into the midlatitudes. The moisture variance budget of these disturbances shows that moisture advection by the global Rossby modes maintains the accompanying moisture signal. This is interpreted as downgradient advection of the background moisture gradient of the intertropical convergence zone. The locations of the precipitation peaks are sensitive to Doppler shifting by the zonal winds; when this Doppler shift becomes too weak, the frequencies of the global Rossby modes become too high to effectively couple to convection. A linearized primitive equation model shows that the presence of vertical shear in the background zonal winds is vital for producing a forced response that resembles the modes produced by the GCM. The forced response of the linear model is optimally located to enhance the original circulation of the global mode.
Buoyancy Flux and Mixing Efficiency from Direct, Near-Bottom Turbulence Measurements in a Submarine Canyon
Authors: Alford Matthew H. , Wynne-Cattanach Bethan , Le Boyer Arnaud , Couto Nicole , Voet Gunnar , Spingys Carl P. , Fernandez Castro Bieito , Forryan Alex , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , van Haren Hans
Published: December 2024

Turbulent kinetic energy and thermal variance dissipation rates ϵ and χ, buoyancy flux Jb, diffusivity κρ, and mixing coefficient , which is simply related to the mixing efficiency , are estimated from highly resolved microstructure measurements collected in a submarine canyon that has been previously shown to be experiencing near-bottom diapycnal upwelling. It is demonstrated that turbulence arises primarily from the convective instability of the internal tide. Twelve tidally resolving stations (12–48 h long) were conducted, wherein profiles were collected from between 5–15 m and 400 m above the bottom every 13–15 min using a custom turbulence vehicle. Turbulent buoyancy flux is estimated using the Osborn and Winters and D’Asaro methods, allowing direct estimation of the mixing coefficient as a function of time, temperature, and height above bottom. Turbulent dissipation and buoyancy flux generally increase toward the seafloor. The associated turbulent diapycnal diffusivity is 10−4–10−2 m2 s−1. Observed is ∼0.2 ± 0.05 near the top of our measurement range, as expected in the ocean interior, and increases to 0.3–0.7 approaching the bottom, consistent with turbulence generated by convective instability.

Significance Statement

We report detailed direct turbulence measurements very close to the seafloor in a submarine canyon that are well resolved enough in time to confidently understand the processes responsible for the turbulence. We compute the fraction of turbulent power that goes toward mixing, which is an important quantity to understand the role of turbulence in supporting the ocean’s large-scale circulation.
Functional Septorhinoplasty in Unilateral and Bilateral Nasal Obstruction: A Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Randall Nicholas R. , Barrett Dane M. , Frank-Ito Dennis O. , Ji Keven Seung Yong , Hoang Thien , Wang Tom D. , Loyo Myriam
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Functional septorhinoplasty is an effective treatment for nasal airway obstruction. Little distinction exists between bilaterally and unilaterally obstructed patients in literature. Our study evaluates outcomes in patients with unilateral nasal airway obstruction compared to those with bilateral nasal airway obstruction as measured by nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scores following functional septorhinoplasty.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 227 patients underwent functional septorhinoplasty for nasal airway obstruction. Patients were grouped into unilateral (n = 64) and bilateral (n = 163) nasal obstruction cohorts based on patient report and physician assessment. Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scores were obtained pre-operatively and post-operatively at least 3 months following surgery.

Results:

Patients with unilateral nasal obstruction had slightly less severe symptoms preoperatively than patients with bilateral obstruction. Average preoperative NOSE scores for patients with unilateral obstruction was 64 (SD = 19) and 72 (SD = 18) for patients with bilateral obstruction ( P = .004). Postoperative NOSE scores following septorhinoplasty were significantly reduced for patients with both unilateral and bilateral nasal obstruction (postoperative NOSE scores unilateral: 17, SD = 16 ; bilateral: 23, SD = 21). There was no statistical significance in outcomes between patients with unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction groups.

Conclusions:

Symptoms in patients with unilateral obstruction are similar but slightly less severe than patients with bilateral obstruction. Patients with unilateral and bilateral nasal obstruction experienced a similar degree of improvement in symptom following functional septorhinoplasty.
Characterizing Variability in Non-Invasive Hydration Monitoring Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Rourke-Funderburg Anna S. , Elstub Laura J. , Voss Trevor , Liao Richard L. , Masson Laura E. , Mahadevan-Jansen Anita
Published: December 2024

Significant dehydration can increase thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain and impair physical and cognitive performance. Despite these negative effects, there are currently no objective, non-invasive tools to monitor systemic hydration. Raman spectroscopy is an optical modality with the potential to fill this gap because it is sensitive to water, provides results quickly, and can be applied non-invasively. In this work, high wavenumber Raman spectroscopy has been developed toward detection of systemic hydration via validation with tissue-mimicking phantoms, followed by three in vivo feasibility studies to investigate the relationship between spectral features and systemic hydration. The area under the curve (AUC) of the water bands and the ratio of water bands to CH bands are Raman-derived metrics that can be used to describe systemic hydration. Here, we determined a trend in decreasing water bands AUC after exercise, although the magnitude of the change was highly variable. In investigating the sources of variability, we identified significant inter-subject variability and a failure of current clinical standards to benchmark our developed technique against. Despite the high variability, we found that multiple anatomical locations were suitable for collecting the spectral measurements. While the high degree of variability may confound the use of Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive hydration monitoring, when implementing additional study standardization, significant differences ( p <.05) in spectral metrics can be identified before and after exercise. Raman spectroscopy can allow for rapid, non-invasive detection of systemic hydration, which would improve routine hydration monitoring and reduce the incidence of negative side effects associated with dehydration.
Findings from a European, cross-national project study on service user participation: Implications for social work policy, practice and education
Authors: Campbell Jim , Donnelly Sarah , Gallagher Bláithín , Roets Griet , Lorenz Walter , Blomberg Helena , Eibicht Monika Čajko , Havrdova Zuzana , Hradcová Dana , Kroll Christian , Machado Idalina , Melo Sara , Povolná Pavla , Roose Rudi , Van Beveren Laura
Published: December 2024

This article reports on a European project that sought to explore the relationships between social work and service user participation, using a five-country (Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland and Portugal) case study approach. It revealed areas of comparison and contrast depending upon respective histories of social work development, organisation, education and research that determined forms of service user participation. It is argued that such cross-national case study approaches can enhance our understanding of vital aspects of social work organisation, practice, education and research in the social work research, policy and practice community in areas of service user participation.
Prevalence of cardiovascular instability during hemodialysis therapy in hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arcentales-Vera Karla , Vera-Mendoza María Fernanda , Cevallos-Salas Cristian , García-Aguilera María Fernanda , Fuenmayor-González Luis
Published: December 2024

Background

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common and serious complication in renal replacement therapy, especially in hospitalized patients. The absence of a standardized definition complicates data synthesis and the development of evidence-based guidelines. Current definitions vary, including different blood pressure thresholds, clinical symptoms, and the need for medical intervention during dialysis. IDH is linked to increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity and may impede renal recovery in patients with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies reporting IDH prevalence. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed to determine the global prevalence of IDH, with subgroup analyses to explore heterogeneity. The Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in prevalence studies. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to report the results of this study, PROSPERO registration number CRD42024500622.

Results

The meta-analysis found a global IDH prevalence of 31% (95% CI 0.18–0.44) across nine studies. Significant heterogeneity was observed (I²: 97.87%; p < 0.01), with prevalence rates ranging from 10.7% to 64% based on patient demographics and session characteristics. Sensitivity analysis suggested prevalence could range between 27% and 33% depending on study criteria.

Conclusions

IDH is a significant complication during hospital-based renal replacement therapy, with a global prevalence of 31%. These findings highlight the need for a standardized, evidence-based definition of IDH to improve diagnostic consistency and clinical outcomes through more accurate diagnosis, better treatment strategies, and tailored patient management.
Navigating obstetric enigma: Placenta accreta spectrum masquerading as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Davile Medha , Gupta Avantika , Yadav Anita , Mundle Shuchita
Published: December 2024

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) represents a complex obstetric condition characterised by the abnormal invasion of anchoring villi and trophoblast into the myometrium. This case report explores two instances where the diagnosis of PAS was overlooked during antenatal care leading to significant complications during conservative management. Both patients presented with heavy menstrual bleeding and raised beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG), mimicking gestational trophoblastic disease. The report delves into the clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and outcomes of two cases, shedding light on the importance of effective communication and follow-up in the management of PAS.
COVID-19 vaccination and neurological complications: A cross-sectional observational study from a tertiary care centre of North India
Authors: Lakhanpal Vikas , Sharma Bhawna , Upadhayay Priyank , Kant Kamla
Published: December 2024

Vaccine hesitancy, anti-Vax campaigners and misinformation hound the administration of vaccines. Our study, conducted at Malwa region of the Punjab, India, was systematically carried out to look for adverse neurological effects after COVID-19 vaccination, given to 1000 people (>18 years and <60 years) who had received either single or multiple doses. No major neurological complications were found; the only side-effect was a transitory headache in 15% of the participants.
“A Little Too Helicoptery”: Reconciling Parental Involvement During Autistic Students’ Transitions into College
Authors: Nachman Brett Ranon
Published: December 2024

Background:

Parents have long held an important role in their autistic children’s lives. As autistic individuals enroll in higher education institutions at much higher rates, new issues emerge. In particular, autistic college students and their parents must reconcile the major transition with the extent to which parents must be involved and exert their influence.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

This phenomenological study set in a community college aimed to answer this question: How do autistic students, their parents, and college staff make meaning of parental involvement during autistic students’ transitions into postsecondary education? Parental involvement is of great relevance not only to autism-specific college support programs, such as the one featured in this study that helps students and parents negotiate these relationships, but also to colleges writ large. To disentangle the nuanced elements of parental involvement, I incorporated interdependence theory that explores the impacts of each stakeholder group’s outcomes on one another. Uncovering these dynamics may help in identifying realistic solutions that honor stakeholders’ various priorities and allow autistic students to leverage greater agency in their college journeys.

Research Design:

This study was set in a community college boasting an autism-specific college support program featuring programming to support autistic learners in their college experiences, inclusive of issues around independence and advocacy. Employing a descriptive phenomenological approach allowed for deconstructing the nuanced interactions among parents, adult autistic children navigating college, and college staff. Here parental involvement served as the phenomenon of focus. Participants included 13 autistic college students, 5 mothers, and 15 college staff. Students engaged in surveys, interviews, observations, and written reflections, whereas mothers and college staff participated in interviews.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Parents and their children—autistic college students—must constantly re-evaluate and recalibrate their relationships as students gradually gain more independence. This study illuminates how institutional supports and stakeholders, including those associated with the autism-specific college support program, enable autistic college students to demonstrate growth in their agency. This study puts forward many recommendations for varied stakeholders, including, but not limited to, elevating self-advocacy training in forming students’ transition plans (high school personnel) and engaging in role-playing activities (parents and children). Regarding future research, takeaways call for longitudinal work to track autistic students’ distinct presentations of independence over time, as well as embedding journals or other reflective materials for parents to make sense of their communication patterns with their children.
Immunohistochemistry-Free Enhanced Histopathology of the Rat Spleen Using Deep Learning
Authors: Mehrvar Shima , Maisonave Kevin , Buck Wayne , Guffroy Magali , Bawa Bhupinder , Himmel Lauren
Published: December 2024

Enhanced histopathology of the immune system uses a precise, compartment-specific, and semi-quantitative evaluation of lymphoid organs in toxicology studies. The assessment of lymphocyte populations in tissues is subject to sampling variability and limited distinctive cytologic features of lymphocyte subpopulations as seen with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Although immunohistochemistry is necessary for definitive characterization of T- and B-cell compartments, routine toxicologic assessments are based solely on H&E slides. Here, a deep learning (DL) model was developed using normal rats to quantify relevant compartments of the spleen, including periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, follicles, germinal centers, and marginal zones from H&E slides. Slides were scanned, destained, dual labeled with CD3 and CD79a chromogenic immunohistochemistry, and rescanned to generate exact co-registered images that served as the ground truth for training and validation. The DL model identified individual splenic compartments with high accuracy (97.8% Dice similarity coefficient) directly from H&E-stained tissue. The DL model was utilized to study the normal range of lymphoid compartment area and cellularity. Future implementation of our DL model and expanding this approach to other lymphoid tissues have the potential to improve accuracy and precision in enhanced histopathology evaluation of the immune system with concurrent gains in time efficiency for the pathologist.
Pathology Findings and In-Life Correlates in the Nonclinical Development of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-Based Retinal Gene Therapies
Authors: Booler Helen S. , Lejeune Typhaine , Turner Oliver , Saravanan Chandra , Bartoe Joshua T. , Bolon Brad
Published: December 2024

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors are the most frequently used platform for retinal gene therapy. Initially explored for the treatment of loss-of-function mutations underpinning many inherited retinal diseases, AAV-based ocular gene therapies are increasingly used to transduce endogenous cells to produce therapeutic proteins, thus producing site-specific biofactories. Relatively invasive ocular routes of administration (ROA) mean prominent procedure-related in-life, and histopathological findings may be observed with some regularity. Test article-related findings may vary with the ROA and cell populations transduced, with retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) changes prominent (ranging from pigment alteration through degeneration, with or without associated degeneration of the overlying retina) with subretinal ROA, and more anterior changes (iris, ciliary body) generally observed with the intravitreal ROA. Ocular inflammation is the most frequent finding that occurs nonclinically and in patients, and is particularly pronounced with intravitreal administration. Extraocular findings may be observed in extraocular muscles, regional ganglia, or central visual pathways with multiple ocular ROA. Work is still needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning many of these ocular and extraocular findings. Emerging patient data is helping to clarify both the potential for translating nonclinical findings to predict possible human responses and the applicability of nonclinical biomonitoring methods to the clinical setting.
Attitudes towards the inheritance tax: paradoxical thinking and misinformation / Actitudes hacia el impuesto sobre sucesiones: pensamiento paradójico y desinformación
Authors: Alba Beatriz , Vázquez Alexandra , Lois David
Published: December 2024

The detrimental effects of inequality have been demonstrated. However, although tax-based wealth redistribution can reduce it, part of the population rejects them due to partially inaccurate and erroneous beliefs disseminated through misinformation campaigns. This research explores the mechanisms that explain the opposition to the inheritance tax, a controversial tax figure. Through an experimental study, we analysed whether exposing anti-tax participants (37.8% women, Mage = 39.65, SDage = 14.27) to an exaggerated and absurd message aligned with their tax beliefs — paradoxical thinking strategy — influenced participants’ perceptions and behavioural intentions. Contrary to predictions from paradoxical thinking, the results revealed that participants exposed to the paradoxical thinking message exhibited more extreme anti-tax beliefs and behavioural dispositions than those who received a control message. Furthermore, participants who perceived the sender as trustworthy polarized their position against the tax. These results highlight the factors contributing to the rejection of certain redistributive policies, expose the detrimental impact of misinformation campaigns, question the applicability of paradoxical thinking in some contexts and emphasize the influence of perceived credibility on message acceptance.
Contributory factors to attitudes towards the adoption of artificial intelligence technology in public academic libraries in South Africa
Authors: Molaudzi Amogelang Isaac , Marutha Ngoako
Published: December 2024

This article investigates attitudes towards the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the public academic libraries of South Africa. It employed the mixed method research approach and the concurrent mixed method research design. The study's target population was 2565 library staff members (library managers, systems librarians, and general librarians), and policy documents from 26 public academic libraries in South Africa. A sample of 555 participants was selected, comprising 26 library managers and 26 systems librarians chosen through purposive sampling, while 503 librarians were sampled using proportional stratified random sampling. Data collection tools used comprised questionnaires, interviews, and content analysis. Data were analysed using thematic and descriptive statistical data analysis. Based on the findings, public academic libraries in South Africa generally have a positive attitude towards the adoption of AI technology, with only a few having a negative attitude. Furthermore, some employees were afraid that this technology would make them redundant by taking over their work. The major contributory factors to attitudes towards the adoption of AI include self-perception of AI knowledge, optimism and enthusiasm about AI, and concerns about job security. The article recommends that a positive outlook and optimistic attitude regarding the adoption of AI should be maintained. Additionally, AI training sessions and workshops to educate librarians who hold negative attitudes must be implemented to facilitate a shift in their perceptions towards the acceptance of AI.
Why Did You Pick that Army? Player Personality Traits and Faction Choice in the Miniature Wargame Warhammer Fantasy Battle
Authors: Lindahl Oliver Karl Valter , Timonen Aasa , Meriläinen Mikko
Published: December 2024

Previous research has focused on how the personality of miniature wargame players differ compared to players of other games and how personality is linked to motivations for engaging with the hobby, however, there is no research exploring how personality can be expressed within the game itself. This study explores connections between player personality traits and faction choice to better understand how different aspects of personality are linked to individuals’ gaming preferences and practices. The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was administered to 706 self-selected respondents (97.3% male) who also disclosed their first and most beloved faction in the game Warhammer Fantasy Battle. Results suggest that the personality trait conscientiousness is associated with the choice of first faction, showing significant differences between players, with small to medium effect sizes observed between players of different factions. Results are discussed in light of previous research, along with practical implications and possible future research directions.
Component optimization of sintering raw material based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and response surface method
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Mingduo , Han Xiuli , Bao Guoying , Zhang Di , Fang Shilong
Published: December 2024

The matching rationality of the sintering raw material components directly affects the high-quality production of the sinter. For the sake of forecasting and improving the sinter quality, an optimization model of the sintering raw material components based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and response surface method (RSM) was constructed. The low-temperature reduction pulverization index (RDI + 3.15mm) and the calcium ferrite content (VOL SFCA) were taken as the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation result ( Y) to assess the sinter quality. The interaction and the optimization of the component factors ω(MgO), ω(Al2O3), and R(CaO/SiO2) were thus determined. The results showed that the P-value of the FCE-RSM component optimization model was <0.0001, the adjustment coefficient R2adj was 97.45%, and the predicted determination coefficient R2pred was 86.03%. The influence degree of the component factors on the FCE result was R(CaO/SiO2) >ω(MgO) >ω(Al2O3), and the interactions of every two factors were all significant. The component optimization of sintering raw material determined by the model application was ω(MgO) = 2.33%, ω(Al2O3) = 2.04%, and R(CaO/SiO2) = 2.17, while the actual value of the FCE result ( Y = 0.98) was the same as that of the predicted value ( Y = 0.99). This method is effective and beneficial for the high-quality production of sinter.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Cognitions in the Wake of the Death of Michael Brown
Authors: Wamser Rachel A. , Richardson Julia
Published: December 2024

On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson Missouri, sparking protests and civil unrest. Three studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in the aftermath of the unrest in Ferguson. Additional work is needed to understand how exposure to community-level stressors may correspond with trauma-related outcomes, as well as accounting for knowledge of, and engagement in the events. Posttraumatic cognitions have also not been researched. The present study examined the associations between Ferguson exposure, knowledge of Ferguson events, Black Lives Matter (BLM) membership, PTSSs, and posttraumatic cognitions among 514 undergraduate students from a university near Ferguson ( Mage = 23.89, SD = 6.94; 79.2% female; 57.4% White, 29.4% Black). The four posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters and posttraumatic cognitions regarding the world were also investigated. Women, those with greater prior trauma exposure, and those with greater knowledge of Ferguson events reported higher PTSS. Greater knowledge of Ferguson events evinced ties to intrusion symptoms; however, Ferguson knowledge or direct exposure and BLM membership were consistently not associated with the other three symptom clusters. Moreover, these variables were not related to negative posttraumatic cognitions. Sex and cumulative trauma demonstrated links to all of the dependent variables. Prior trauma history may be key in understanding reactions to collective trauma, and knowledge of these events may play a smaller, but important, role.
Seeking Support: The Voice of Young Men Who Have Experienced Sexual Harm During Their Life Course
Authors: Patterson Tess , Hobbs Linda , Treharne Gareth J. , Dixon Louise , Corson Keogh Alannah , Beres Melanie
Published: December 2024

The sexual abuse and assault of boys and men is not uncommon, and seeking support is useful in reducing negative outcomes. However, male survivors are less likely than women to seek support. Gendered norms and myths persist with several gender-specific barriers to seeking support existing for men. The present study is guided by three research questions: (1) What are men’s support needs in relation to their experience of sexual harm? (2) What are men’s experiences of seeking support in relation to their experience of sexual harm? (3) What are the barriers that hinder men from seeking support? Interviews were conducted with 14 men (19–37 years old) attending one of two universities in New Zealand, who had experienced sexual harm. The interviews included a discussion of the men’s experiences of seeking support and were conducted as part of two broader projects. The young men experienced a complex and multifaceted journey in seeking support and described a range of informal and formal avenues that they had reached out to. Three prominent needs were highlighted: (1) increased awareness of male survivors, (2) a need for clarity around formal support services, and (3) a need for a diverse range of support modalities. The men described a variety of barriers encountered, including individual-level barriers such as difficulties in recognizing their experiences as sexual harm, a reluctance to acknowledge a need for support, preconceived notions about what seeking help might be like, as well as several overarching social and contextual influences such as living situations, cultural norms, religious beliefs, and family dynamics. These findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to supporting male survivors that addresses gender norms and myths about male survivors, acknowledges the diversity among male survivors, and addresses both individual-level and broader systemic barriers to support seeking by young men who have experienced sexual harm.
Intergenerational Perspectives From Elite Female Athletes’ Experiences With the Menstrual Cycle: Weaving in Confessional Insights From a Male Researcher With Emerging Co-Researchers
Authors: Srinivasa Gopalan Sharan , Skaug Emma , Richardson Joni , Hopper Tim
Published: December 2024

This qualitative study sought to explore, in depth, the sporting experiences of two Canadian elite athletes related to the menstrual cycle. Considering male patriarchy, a novel interview approach was used to facilitate between-athlete sharing and reflection on their menstruation-related experiences, initiated by an interview between participants without the male researcher being present. Thematic analysis revealed key differences in the experiences of the two participants with respect to the knowledge and awareness of their coaches, athletes’ attitudes toward the menstrual cycle, and availability of facilities and resources, while highlighting the lack of equality within male-dominated sporting environments and general menstruation taboo in society. An interwoven confessional tale highlighted the challenges imposed by a lack of relatability of experiences of male, non-menstruating researchers and the need to recognize the patriarchal power that in the past has filtered female athletes’ perspectives and specific needs, while unquestionably promoting sport from a male perspective.
Optimization of dynamic multi-leaf collimator based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Lv Jun , Chen Liuli , Zhu Zhiqiang , Long Pengcheng , Hu Liqin ,   FDS Consortium
Published: December 2024

Background

The dynamic multi-leaf collimator (DMLC) plays a crucial role in shaping X-rays, significantly enhancing the precision, efficiency, and quality of tumor radiotherapy.

Objective

To improve the shaping effect of X-rays by optimizing the end structure of the DMLC leaf, which significantly impacts the collimator's performance.

Methods

This study introduces the innovative application of the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to optimize DMLC parameters, including leaf end radius, source-to-leaf distance, leaf height, and tangent angle between the leaf end and the central axis. The main optimization objectives are to minimize the width and variance of the penumbra, defined as the distance between the 80% and 20% dose of X-rays on the isocenter plane, which directly impacts treatment accuracy.

Results

Structural optimization across various scenarios showed significant improvements in the size and uniformity of the penumbra, ensuring a more precise radiation dose. Based on the optimized structure, a three-dimensional model of the MLC was designed and an experimental prototype was fabricated for performance testing. The results indicate that the optimized MLC exhibits a smaller penumbra.

Conclusion

The proposed optimization method significantly enhances the precision of radiotherapy while minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissue, representing a notable advancement in radiotherapy technology.
Characterization of microstructure and mechanical performance in fiber laser welded modified 9Cr–1Mo steel for power plant applications
Authors: Rakesh S , Raghuraman S
Published: December 2024

The current study involved butt welding 9Cr–1Mo creep strength enhanced ferritic steel, which is microalloyed with vanadium, niobium, and molybdenum, utilizing a fiber laser welding process. The main contribution is the successful application of fiber laser welding to achieve full penetration welds with minimized heat-affected zone. This study aims to assess the room temperature microstructural features and mechanical attributes of fully penetrated fiber laser welds, with an emphasis on their applicability in power plant settings. A key finding is the attainment of complete penetration welds with a notably low heat input of 75 J/mm, accompanied by a minimum top bead width of 1.2 mm and a minimal heat-affected zone measuring 0.363 mm in width. The development of an untempered lath martensite structure, accompanied by the total dissolution of precipitates resulting from the autogenous characteristics of laser welding, has demonstrated an average hardness of 502 HV0.3 within the fusion zone. The process of post weld heat treatment has led to the formation of M23C6 and MX-type precipitates, resulting in a hardness value of 252 HV0.3 and a notable decrease in internal grain strain. The evaluation of root and face bend tests demonstrated outstanding ductility in the weld joints, confirming their structural integrity. The specimens, both as-welded and post-weld tempered, demonstrated average tensile strength and impact toughness values of 773.6 MPa and 64.66 J, as well as 661 MPa and 104.33 J, respectively. These results exceed the minimum specified criteria of 585 MPa and 47 J necessary for use in power plants.
Making a conservation site: Stonewort meadows as lake engineers
Authors: Kowalska Małgorzata Zofia
Published: December 2024

The article discusses research conducted in a valuable biocoenosis in the Gnieźnieńskie Lakeland in central Poland. Protected within the Natura 2000 network, the area is simultaneously affected by climate change and anthropogenic pressures. The article suggests reconsidering the conservation site as engineered by the underwater stonewort meadows, rather than understanding it as an object managed by external experts. It is argued that a broader recognition of how the site is co-created and sustained through ecological processes, rather than solely through human investments, fosters a sense of belonging and responsibility towards the environments that people share with others.
Trauma Causing Complications After Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Agrawal Karoon , Singhal Gargi , Sharma Chirag
Published: December 2024

A case series of early postoperative complications due to trauma following primary cleft lip repair has been presented. Out of 193 primary cleft lip repair performed over the past 4 years, 5 patients had trauma related complications, 2 had complete wound dehiscence, 2 had partial dehiscence, and 1 presented with bleeding. This is the first report on complications following trauma after cleft lip repair. Such complications can be prevented with due vigilance during the early postoperative period. All children presented with wound dehiscence were managed with immediate suturing with good outcome. A protocol for the management of complications following trauma after cleft lip repair is being presented.
Integrating Implementation Science in Interpersonal Violence Research and Practice: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators of Implementation
Authors: Sabri Bushra , Young Neenah , Cardenas Iris , Emezue Chuka Nestor , Patch Michelle
Published: December 2024

Despite the prevalence and harmful consequences of interpersonal violence and the growth in intervention research, applying research evidence and strategies into practice remains limited. This systematic review addresses this gap by using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) to characterize barriers and facilitators in efforts to prevent and address interpersonal violence. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and APA PsycInfo. The searches resulted in 1,319 articles for initial screening, with 31 studies included in the final synthesis. The selected studies were original research highlighting barriers and facilitators of implementing interpersonal violence interventions for adolescents and adults across various US settings, employing quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods approaches. Excluded studies included protocols, reviews, and research that did not identify barriers or facilitators of implementing violence prevention or intervention programs. Published from 2007 to 2023, the selected studies spanned healthcare, school, community, correctional, and military settings. Using the CFIR, the review identified multilevel barriers (e.g., lack of cultural relevance, leadership commitment) and facilitators (e.g., intervention adaptability, stakeholder engagement) across five domains: outer setting (external factors), inner setting (organizational characteristics) implementation process, individual characteristics, and intervention characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of adaptable, culturally relevant strategies and comprehensive stakeholder involvement for effective implementation. The review emphasizes the need for enhanced pre-implementation planning, capacity building, and organizational support to address identified barriers. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for further research in under-researched settings, employing evidence-based implementation strategies.