bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einstein–æther models III: conformally static metrics, perfect fluid and scalar fields
Authors: Leon Genly , Millano Alfredo D. , Latta Joey
Published: December 2020

The asymptotic properties of conformally static metrics in Einstein–æther theory with a perfect fluid source and a scalar field are analyzed. In case of perfect fluid, some relativistic solutions are recovered such as: Minkowski spacetime, the Kasner solution, a flat FLRW space and static orbits depending on the barotropic parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
. To analyze locally the behavior of the solutions near a sonic line $$v^2=\gamma -1$$

v
2

=
γ
-
1

, where v is the tilt, a new “shock” variable is used. Two new equilibrium points on this line are found. These points do not exist in General Relativity when $$1<\gamma <2 $$

1
<
γ
<
2

. In the limiting case of General Relativity these points represent stiff solutions with extreme tilt. Lines of equilibrium points associated with a change of causality of the homothetic vector field are found in the limit of general relativity. For non-homogeneous scalar field $$\phi (t,x)$$

ϕ
(
t
,
x
)

with potential $$V(\phi (t,x))$$

V
(
ϕ
(
t
,
x
)
)

the symmetry of the conformally static metric restrict the scalar fields to be considered to $$ \phi (t,x)=\psi (x)-\lambda t, V(\phi (t,x))= e^{-2 t} U(\psi (x))$$

ϕ

(
t
,
x
)

=
ψ

(
x
)

-
λ
t
,
V

(
ϕ

(
t
,
x
)

)

=

e

-
2
t

U

(
ψ

(
x
)

)

, $$U(\psi )=U_0 e^{-\frac{2 \psi }{\lambda }}$$

U

(
ψ
)

=

U
0

e

-

2
ψ

λ

. An exhaustive analysis (analytical or numerical) of the stability conditions is provided for some particular cases.
Strong interaction of doubly heavy spin-3/2 baryons with light vector mesons
Authors: Azizi K. , Olamaei A. R. , Rostami S.
Published: December 2020

We calculate the strong coupling constants among the doubly heavy spin-$$ \frac{3}{2} $$

3
2

baryons $$\Xi ^*_{QQ}$$

Ξ

QQ

∗

and $$\Omega ^*_{QQ}$$

Ω

QQ

∗

, with Q and $$ Q' $$

Q
′

being c or b quark, with light vector meson by means of the light-cone QCD sum rules. The matrix elements defining these vertices are described by four coupling constants $$ g_1$$

g
1

, $$ g_2$$

g
2

, $$ g_3$$

g
3

, and $$ g_4 $$

g
4

. The unwanted pollution coming from the doubly heavy spin-$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

baryons are removed by a special ordering of Dirac matrices and selection of appropriate Lorentz structures. The strong coupling constants are basic parameters that carry information on the nature of the strong interaction among hadronic multiplets. Investigation of these parameters may help physicists in the construction of the strong potentials among the doubly heavy baryons and light vector mesons. The values obtained for the strong coupling constants may also help experimental groups in analyses of the data produced at various hadron colliders.
Facial Expression Recognition Method Based on Shallow Small Convolution Kernel Capsule Network
Authors: Ye Ming , Liu Guangyuan
Published: December 2020

Aiming at the problem of CNNs recognition and classification ability for the facial expression cannot accurately express the relative position relationship of facial organs and the problem of network training parameters, so a shallow and small convolution kernel capsule network structure optimization is designed for facial expression recognition. In this method, the capsule network is used to establish the spatial relationship of facial expression features. On the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the network, a shallow small convolution kernel is used to reduce the network parameters of the capsule network, which optimizes the quantity and quality of capsule of the capsule network to improve the calculation efficiency. The SCapsNet proposed in this paper is compared and verified with multiple benchmark models. The research results show that the SCapsNet has a higher accuracy rate in processing facial expression classification problems on the facial expression data sets CK+ and JAFFE.
Statistical solutions of the incompressible Euler equations
Authors: Lanthaler S. , Mishra S. , Parés-Pulido C.
Published: December 2020

We propose and study the framework of dissipative statistical solutions for the incompressible Euler equations. Statistical solutions are time-parameterized probability measures on the space of square-integrable functions, whose time-evolution is determined from the underlying Euler equations. We prove partial well-posedness results for dissipative statistical solutions and propose a Monte Carlo type algorithm, based on spectral viscosity spatial discretizations, to approximate them. Under verifiable hypotheses on the computations, we prove that the approximations converge to a statistical solution in a suitable topology. In particular, multi-point statistical quantities of interest converge on increasing resolution. We present several numerical experiments to illustrate the theory.
SURVIVAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES IN A CONTINUOUS-TIME MARKET MODEL WITH COMPETITION
Authors: ZHITLUKHIN MIKHAIL
Published: December 2020

We consider a stochastic game-theoretic model of an investment market in continuous time with short-lived assets and study strategies, called survival, which guarantee that the relative wealth of an investor who uses such a strategy remains bounded away from zero. The main results consist in obtaining a sufficient condition for a strategy to be survival and showing that all survival strategies are asymptotically close to each other. It is also proved that a survival strategy allows an investor to accumulate wealth in a certain sense faster than the competitors.
On clean, weakly clean and feebly clean commutative group rings
Authors: Li Yuanlin , Zhong Qinghai
Published: December 2020

A ring [Formula: see text] is said to be clean if each element of [Formula: see text] can be written as the sum of a unit and an idempotent. [Formula: see text] is said to be weakly clean if each element of [Formula: see text] is either a sum or a difference of a unit and an idempotent, and [Formula: see text] is said to be feebly clean if every element [Formula: see text] can be written as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a unit and [Formula: see text] are orthogonal idempotents. Clearly, clean rings are weakly clean rings and both of them are feebly clean. In a recent paper (J. Algebra Appl. 17 (2018) 1850111 (5 pp.)), McGoven characterized when the group ring [Formula: see text] is weakly clean and feebly clean, where [Formula: see text] are distinct primes. In this paper, we consider a more general setting. Let [Formula: see text] be an algebraic number field, [Formula: see text] its ring of integers, [Formula: see text] a nonzero prime ideal and [Formula: see text] the localization of [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. We investigate when the group ring [Formula: see text] is weakly clean and feebly clean, where [Formula: see text] is a finite abelian group, and establish an explicit characterization for such a group ring to be weakly clean and feebly clean for the case when [Formula: see text] is a cyclotomic field or [Formula: see text] is a quadratic field.
Intrusion Survivability for Commodity Operating Systems
Authors: Chevalier Ronny , Plaquin David , Dalton Chris , Hiet Guillaume
Published: December 2020

Despite the deployment of preventive security mechanisms to protect the assets and computing platforms of users, intrusions eventually occur. We propose a novel intrusion survivability approach to withstand ongoing intrusions. Our approach relies on an orchestration of fine-grained recovery and per-service responses (e.g., privileges removal). Such an approach may put the system into a degraded mode. This degraded mode prevents attackers to reinfect the system or to achieve their goals if they managed to reinfect it. It maintains the availability of core functions while waiting for patches to be deployed. We devised a cost-sensitive response selection process to ensure that while the service is in a degraded mode, its core functions are still operating. We built a Linux-based prototype and evaluated the effectiveness of our approach against different types of intrusions. The results show that our solution removes the effects of the intrusions, that it can select appropriate responses, and that it allows services to survive when reinfected. In terms of performance overhead, in most cases, we observed a small overhead, except in the rare case of services that write many small files asynchronously in a burst, where we observed a higher but acceptable overhead.
Infiltration of Immunoinflammatory Cells and Related Chemokine/Interleukin Expression in Different Gastric Immune Microenvironments
Authors: Wang Ang , Nie Siru , Lv Zhi , Wen Jing , Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2020

Gastric mucosal immune microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases such as inflammation and cancer. In the present study, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to evaluate the expression of cytokines and the degree of immune cell infiltration in four different gastric mucosa tissues from normal gastric mucosa, simple gastritis, and atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer. Here, we show the immune microenvironments of these four gastric mucosae were significantly different. From inflammation to gastric cancer, most immunoinflammatory cells showed a downward trend such as central memory CD4 T cell. Instead, several cells showed an upward trend such as macrophage. Additionally, we found some chemokines/interleukins were illustrated to be low expressed (or highly expressed) in precancerous stage and highly expressed (or low expressed) in postcancerous stage, which demonstrated an opposite expression characteristic in pre-/postcancerous stage.
lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 Serves as a Sponge for miR‐3133 Modulating the Cell Proliferation of Retinoblastoma through JAK2
Authors: Li Zhao-Na , Ge Ming-Xu , Cao Li-Jun , Yuan Zhong-Fang
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To investigate the effects of lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 on retinoblastoma (RB) and further explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods. The expression of RHPN1‐AS1, miR‐3133, (JAK2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was detected by qRT‐PCR. CCK‐8, EDU, and flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess the proliferation activity and apoptosis of RB cells. Double fluorescein and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to detect the interaction between RHPN1‐AS1 and miR‐3133 or miR‐3133 and JAK2. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. Results. In RB cells, RHPN1‐AS1 was upregulated. Silencing RHPN1‐AS1 inhibited the activity of RB cells and promoted apoptosis. The expressions of proapoptotic factors (Bax and p53) were increased, while antiapoptotic factors (Bcl‐2 and Survivin) were suppressed in siRHPN1‐AS1 groups. Furthermore, we predicted and verified that RHPN1‐AS1 regulated RB progression by targeting miR‐3133/JAK2. In addition, siRHPN1‐AS1 also inhibited oncogene STAT3 protein expression. Conclusion. lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 served as a sponge for miR‐3133 to counteract miR‐3133‐mediated JAK2/STAT3 suppression, indicating that the lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RB.
Isolation of a Novel Lytic Bacteriophage against a Nosocomial Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Belonging to ST45
Authors: Pertics Botond Zsombor , Szénásy Dalma , Dunai Dániel , Born Yannick , Fieseler Lars , Kovács Tamás , Schneider György
Published: December 2020

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause a wide range of infections from mild to life‐threatening conditions. Its enhanced antibiotic resistance often leads to therapeutic failures and therefore alternative eradication methods must be considered. Potential candidates to control MRSA infections are bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, lysins. In this study, we isolated a bacteriophage against a nosocomial MRSA strain belonging to the ST45 epidemiologic group. The phage belonging to Caudovirales, Siphoviridae, showed a narrow host range and stable lytic activity without the emergence of resistant MRSA clones. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly isolated Staphylococcus phage R4 belongs to the Triavirus genus in Siphoviridae family. Genetic analysis of the 45 kb sequence of R4 revealed 69 ORFs. No remnants of mobile genetic elements and traces of truncated genes were observed. We have localized the lysin (N‐acetylmuramoyl‐L‐alanine amidase) gene of the new phage that was amplified, cloned, expressed, and purified. Its activity was verified by zymogram analysis. Our findings could potentially be used to develop specific anti‐MRSA bacteriophage‐ and phage lysin‐based therapeutic strategies against major clonal lineages and serotypes.
Spiculation Sign Recognition in a Pulmonary Nodule Based on Spiking Neural P Systems
Authors: Qiu Shi , Sun Jingtao , Zhou Tao , Gao Guilong , He Zhenan , Liang Ting
Published: December 2020

The spiculation sign is one of the main signs to distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. In order to effectively extract the image feature of a pulmonary nodule for the spiculation sign distinguishment, a new spiculation sign recognition model is proposed based on the doctors’ diagnosis process of pulmonary nodules. A maximum density projection model is established to fuse the local three‐dimensional information into the two‐dimensional image. The complete boundary of a pulmonary nodule is extracted by the improved Snake model, which can take full advantage of the parallel calculation of the Spike Neural P Systems to build a new neural network structure. In this paper, our experiments show that the proposed algorithm can accurately extract the boundary of a pulmonary nodule and effectively improve the recognition rate of the spiculation sign.
Endogenous Third-Degree Price Discrimination in a Supply Chain with One Common Manufacturer and Duopoly Retailers
Authors: Yang Hongmei , Wang Wei
Published: December 2020

Assuming the two retailers decide whether to acquire information to segment consumers and price them differently, we investigate the problem of information acquisition and third-degree price discrimination in the supply chain composed of one common manufacturer and duopoly retailers. We explore how the supply chain members’ pricing decisions are affected by the fraction of high price-sensitivity consumers and the consumers’ difference in price sensitivity. Analytical results show that the manufacturer’s wholesale price increases with the fraction of high price-sensitivity consumers and decreases with the consumers’ difference in price sensitivity. Moreover, if a retailer chooses to acquire information and price discriminate, the retail prices for two types of consumers increase with the fraction of high price-sensitivity consumers. However, the retail price for consumers with high (low) price sensitivity decreases (increases) with the consumers’ difference in terms of price sensitivity. By comparing the results among different information acquisition and price discrimination decisions, we find that there exist two possible equilibrium decisions for both retailers: both retailers acquire information and price discriminate and no retailer acquires information and each charges a uniform price for all consumers. The strategy which dominates depends on the fraction of high price-sensitivity consumers and the consumers’ difference in price sensitivity. However, compared with no retailer acquiring information, the manufacturer is better off when two retailers acquire information. Consequently, the manufacturer designs a fixed fee contract to stimulate retailers to price discriminate and to achieve a win-win situation for them finally.
Study on Competitive Adsorption and Displacing Properties of CO2 Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Liu Shuyang , Sun Baojiang , Xu Jianchun , Li Hangyu , Wang Xiaopu
Published: December 2020

CO2 enhanced shale gas recovery (CO2-ESGR) draws worldwide attentions in recent years with having significant environmental benefit of CO2 geological storage and economic benefit of shale gas production. This paper is aimed at reviewing the state of experiment and model studies on gas adsorption, competitive adsorption of CO2/CH4, and displacement of CO2-CH4 in shale in the process of CO2-ESGR and pointing out the related challenges and opportunities. Gas adsorption mechanism in shale, influencing factors (organic matter content, kerogen type, thermal maturity, inorganic compositions, moisture, and micro/nano-scale pore), and adsorption models are described in this work. The competitive adsorption mechanisms are qualitatively ascertained by analysis of unique molecular and supercritical properties of CO2 and the interaction of CO2 with shale matrix. Shale matrix shows a stronger affinity with CO2, and thus, adsorption capacity of CO2 is larger than that of CH4 even with the coexistence of CO2-CH4 mixture. Displacement experiments of CO2-CH4 in shale proved that shale gas recovery is enhanced by the competitive adsorption of CO2 to CH4. Although the competitive adsorption mechanism is preliminary revealed, some challenges still exist. Competitive adsorption behavior is not fully understood in the coexistence of CO2 and CH4 components, and more experiment and model studies on adsorption of CO2-CH4 mixtures need to be conducted under field conditions. Coupling of competitive adsorption with displacing flow is key factor for CO2-ESGR but not comprehensively studied. More displacement experiments of CO2-CH4 in shale are required for revealing the mechanism of flow and transport of gas in CO2-ESGR.
Analysis of the Salivary Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
Authors: Jia Peizeng , Zou Jianyin , Yin Shankai , Chen Feng , Yi Hongliang , Zhang Qian
Published: December 2020

Background. Oral microbiota plays an important role in oral and systemic diseases, while few reports referred to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Thus, this study aimed to explore the different salivary microbiome in patients with OSAS and controls. Materials and Methods. Saliva was collected from 15 OSAS patients and nine healthy controls, and bacterial genomic DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing based on the Illumina platform. Results. The alpha and beta diversities were not significantly different between patients with OSAS and controls. The main phyla in the two groups were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria, which accounted for 95% of the abundance. The main genera were Streptococcus, Rothia, Actinomyces, Prevotella, and Neisseria. Based on the genus and operational taxonomic units, Peptostreptococcus, Alloprevotella, and Granulicatella were enriched in controls, while only Scardovia species were significantly more abundant in patients with OSAS. Conclusions. There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of bacteria between OSAS and controls. So, further studies will need to focus on the metagenome of bacteria in OSAS patients.
Improvement of Grid Independence Test for Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Building Based on Grid Resolution
Authors: Lee Minhyung , Park Gwanyong , Park Changyoung , Kim Changmin
Published: December 2020

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is being used in various research fields on the building environment. Target space of the CFD model is divided into a finite number of grids for numerical analysis. Therefore, an optimal grid design is required to obtain accurate results. The grid independence test is generally performed to design an optimal grid. However, given that there is no standardized procedure for gird independence test, most depend on the researcher’s experience and knowledge. In the conventional method, the subjective judgment of the researcher affected the selection of the grid conditions and the criteria for the optimal grid. It can lead to a decrease in the reliability of the simulation results by poor grid design. This study proposed a grid independence test method that applies the grid resolution to improve the conventional method. The grid resolution was calculated by applying the characteristic length. CV(RMSE) and R2 were applied as the criteria for optimal grid. A case study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of the proposed method. As the characteristic length increased, the optimal grid resolution increased. In particular, for a characteristic length of 0.7 or more, the optimal grid resolution was evaluated as 24. The grid convergence index (GCI) was calculated to verify the suitability of the proposed method. As a result, all of the optimal grid resolution derived from the proposed method was evaluated as the optimal condition.
A Study on the Correlation between C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Teeth with a ≥5 mm Periodontal Pocket in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Chang Hee-Yung , Kim A-Reum , Pi Sung-Hee , You Hyung-Keun
Published: December 2020

Objective. To evaluate the relationship between CRP levels and teeth with ≥5 mm PD in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods. We evaluated 49 patients with chronic periodontitis who visited the Department of Periodontology at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital. At the first visit, high-sensitive CRP testing of venous blood samples was performed, and correlations were statistically evaluated. Results. The mean hs-CRP level of patients diagnosed with severe periodontitis was 2.0 mg/L (0.13–13.95 mg/L). Statistically, patients with a high rate of teeth diagnosed with severe periodontitis are more likely to have higher hs-CRP level. Conclusion. Within the limits of this study, the number and proportion of teeth showing ≥5 mm PD was positively correlated with CRP concentration.
Treating the Solid Pendulum Motion by the Large Parameter Procedure
Authors: Ismail A. I.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider the dynamical description of a pendulum model consists of a heavy solid connection to a nonelastic string which suspended on an elliptic path in a vertical plane. We suppose that the dimensions of the solid are large enough to the length of the suspended string, in contrast to previous works which considered that the dimensions of the body are sufficiently small to the length of the string. According to this new assumption, we define a large parameter

ε

and apply Lagrange’s equation to construct the equations of motion for this case in terms of this large parameter. These equations give a quasi-linear system of second order with two degrees of freedom. The obtained system will be solved in terms of the generalized coordinates

θ

and

φ

using the large parameter procedure. This procedure has an advantage over the other methods because it solves the problem in a new domain when fails all other methods for solving the problem in such a domain under these conditions. It is one of the most important applications, when we study the slow spin motion of a rigid body in a Newtonian field of force under an external moment or the rotational motion of a heavy solid in a uniform gravity field or the gyroscopic motions with a sufficiently small angular velocity component about the major or the minor axis of the ellipsoid of inertia. There are many applications of this technique in aerospace science, satellites, navigations, antennas, and solar collectors. This technique is also useful in all perturbed problems in physics and mechanics, for example, the perturbed pendulum motions and the perturbed mechanical systems. The results of this paper also are useful in moving bridges and the swings. For satisfying the validation of the obtained solutions, we consider numerical considerations by one of the numerical methods and compare the obtained analytical and numerical solutions.
Study on the Mechanism of Gas Ignition by Friction Effect of Hard Quartz Sandstone Instability
Authors: Fuqiang Li , Guangpeng Qin , Yonggang Liu , Qichen Wang , Ying Wang , Fengjun Hou
Published: December 2020

When the upper part of a high gas coal seam has hard and thick sandstone roof, the gas explosion accident in goaf is even caused by roof collapse. Taking the mining of 1007 working face of 10 coal seam under Xia KuoTan Coal Mine as the engineering background, using the method of indoor experiment and theoretical analysis, the possibility of rock friction effect igniting gas is studied. Under the engineering geological conditions, the results show that the heat produced by the friction process of hard sandstone can ignite gas. According to the 3DEC numerical simulation, the instability characteristics of the overburden hard rock are studied. The results show that the size of the slab instability area is not changed when the length of the working face increases. When the thickness of the roof is increased, the area of sliding instability is increased and the degree of sliding instability is more intense. At the boundary of the tunnel, the overlying strata are subjected to the largest shear stress, and it tends to form a friction surface with greater slip instability.
An Evolutionary Game Model on Public Participation in Public‐Private Partnerships
Authors: Song Danrong , Sun Yan , Fan Yu
Published: December 2020

Effective participation of the general public in public‐private partnerships (PPPs) can coordinate the multidemands of stakeholders and improve the scientificity of decision‐making on infrastructure and public utility projects. However, excessive public participation may aggravate the complexity of PPPs and delay the progress of developing PPP projects. Accordingly, the appropriate participation of the general public is essential in the implementation of PPPs. This study examines the boundary conditions and the effective thresholds of public participation in adjusting the cooperative behaviors of both the government and the private investor in PPPs through an analysis of the evolution paths and dynamic balances of the strategy choices between the two parties. The results indicate that public participation in PPPs has the particularity of adjusting the partnership between the two parties. The results also suggest that public participation is not always effective and there are differences in the degree of public participation in the various strategy behaviors in which the government and the private investor choose to cooperate.
Prevalence of Heterophoria in Tibetan Grade-One Students: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study
Authors: Su Han , Fu Jing , Chen Weiwei , Meng Zhaojun , Li Lei , Dai Wei , Yao Yao
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The study aims to explore the prevalence of heterophoria and associate factors in Tibetan grade-one students. Methods. The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) is a school-based cohort study. 1942 grade-one students from 7 elementary schools were randomly sampled by stratified cluster sampling. Ocular examinations were performed in participants, including ocular motility, distance and near visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, and stereoacuity. The near (33 cm) and distance (6 m) fixation cover test was used to differentiate orthophoria, heterophoria, and heterotropia, and the magnitude of the phoria was measured by the Maddox rod and prisma. Results. Of 1856 grade-one students completing all the ocular examinations, 1852 participants finished the ocular alignment test. The mean age was 6.82 ± 0.46 years (range 6∼10 years); 981 (52.97%) were males, and 871 (47.03%) were females. The prevalence of phoria was 22.89% (n = 424). At distance fixation, the prevalence of heterophoria, exophoria, and esophoria was 4.64%, 4.21%, and 0.43% separately, while at near fixation, the prevalence was 22.73%, 22.35%, and 0.38%. No vertical phoria was detected. The mean magnitude of heterophoria at near and distance fixation was −7.63 ± 5.15 PD (exo: −7.83 ± 4.91 PD, eso: +5.67 ± 3.61 PD) and −4.84 ± 5.94 PD (exo: −6.26 ± 4.20 PD, eso: +8.13 ± 3.04 PD). The prevalence of esophoria was associated with hyperopia (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 1.15–35.28,P = 0.03; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 1.04–28.24,P = 0.04) and amblyopia (OR = 16.02, 95% CI: 1.81∼141.96,P = 0.01; OR = 11.37, 95% CI: 1.34∼96.52,P = 0.03) at near and distance fixation. The prevalence of exophoria was associated with myopia at near fixation (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.47–4.00,P<0.01). In the near heterophoria group, the proportion of children with abnormal stereoacuity was 23.26% (n = 97), significantly higher (χ2 = 5.70,P = 0.017) than that in orthophoria (17.99%, n = 244). Conclusions. In Lhasa, grade-one pupils have a lower prevalence of heterophoria. Near exophoria was associated with myopia, while esophoria was related to hyperopia and amblyopia both near and distance. Heterophoria may be one of the affected factors for reducing stereoacuity.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАСОБІВ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ (МАСОК) У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: ВІД ТЕОРІЇ ДО ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: Kostereva N. V. , Rudakova N. Ye.
Published: December 2020

Мета: проаналізувати ставлення учасників освітнього процесу в закладах медичної освіти щодо носіння масок та обізнаності їх правильного використання та утилізації згідно з рекомендаціями ВООЗ.

Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проведено у восьми вищих медичних навчальних закладах України з використанням теоретичного аналізу та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури, дані сучасних досліджень у сфері громадського здоров’я, аналізу анкет анонімного опитування.

Результати. Встановлено, що майже половина респондентів використовує багаторазові маски як засіб профілактики зараження на COVID-19 з економічних міркувань, тоді як 10 % респондентів взагалі не використовують маски тому, що вважають їх шкідливими, чим збільшують криву зростання інфікування в освітньому середовищі.

Висновки. Для запобігання інтенсивного розповсюдження коронавірусної хвороби (COVID-19) у закладах вищої освіти необхідно чітко дотримуватись міжнародних протоколів і рекомендацій ВООЗ, проводити просвітницьку роботу з молоддю із залученням експертів у галузі громадського здоров’я.
Оцінка ефективності застосування фібрину, збагаченого тромбоцитами, та композицій на його основі при заміщенні післяекстракційних дефектів альвеолярного відростка
Authors: Vares Ya. E. , Slipyi V. Z.
Published: December 2020

Резюме. Пріоритетним завданням підготовки альвеолярного відростка (АВ) до дентальної імплантації після операції видалення зуба є реконструкція його біометричних параметрів та профілактика атрофії. З цією метою обґрунтованим є використання різних хірургічних технік із застосуванням кістково-пластичних матеріалів, бар’єрних мембран, армуючих пристосувань чи регенеративних технологій, зокрема збагаченого тромбоцитами фібрину (ЗТФ). Водночас, відкритими залишаються питання ефективності комбінованого застосування ЗТФ та кістково-пластичних матеріалів у рамках передімплантаційної підготовки АВ після видалення зуба. Мета дослідження – апробація та оцінка ефективності застосування передового фібрину, збагаченого тромбоцитами (A-PRF+®), та композицій на його основі при заміщенні лунки видаленого зуба як заходу передімплантаційної підготовки. Матеріали і методи. Проведено обстеження та лікування 24 хворих (13 жінок та 11 чоловіків віком (34,25±9,79) року) із загостренням хронічного періодонтиту,  радикулярними кістами, травматичними вивихами та переломами коренів зубів. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Станом на 6 місяць спостереження зменшення відстані між оклюзійною площиною та рівнем кістки АВ, а відповідно і приріст кістки, порівняно з початковими передопераційними замірами, склав 12,9 % у хворих основної групи А, 17,5 % – у хворих основної групи Б, 18,4 % – у пацієнтів основної групи В, тоді як у контролі констатували вертикальну атрофію АВ обсягом 7,2 %  порівняно з вихідними параметрами. Рівень горизонтальної атрофії АВ у цей період, порівняно з вихідними замірами, склав 8,4 % у основній групі А, 6,0 % – в основній групі Б, 5,4 %  – в основній групі В та 17,1 % – у контролі. Показники кісткової щільності у завершальний термін спостереження фіксувались на рівні (636,41±47,70) од. HU в основній групі А, (685,98±42,67) од. HU – в основній групі Б, (714,5±58,35) од. HU – в основній групі В, в той час, як цей показник у пацієнтів контрольної групи становив лише (440,77±68,48) од. HU. Висновки. Інтраопераційне застосування автологічного фібрину А-PRF+® та композицій на його основі в рамках передімплантаційної підготовки у ділянці післяекстракційного дефекту є ефективним заходом, який мінімізує кількісні зміни параметрів кісткової тканини АВ та пришвидшує її формування.
Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2) Links the DNA Damage Response to Osteogenic Reprogramming and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Cobb Andrew M. , Yusoff Syabira , Hayward Robert , Ahmad Sadia , Sun Mengxi , Verhulst Anja , D’Haese Patrick C. , Shanahan Catherine M.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The development of ectopic vascular calcification is strongly linked with organismal aging, which is primarily caused by the accumulation of DNA damage over time. As Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) has been identified as a regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell osteogenic transition, a key component of vascular calcification, we examined the relationship between DNA damage and Runx2 activation.

Approach and Results:

We found genotoxic stress-stimulated Runx2 accumulation and transactivation of its osteogenic target genes, leading to enhanced calcification. Inhibition of DNA damage signaling attenuated this response. Runx2 localized to sites of DNA damage and participated in DNA repair by regulating phosphorylation events on histone H2AX, with exogenous expression of Runx2 resulting in unrepaired DNA damage and increased apoptosis. Mechanistically, Runx2 was PARylated in response to genotoxic stress, and inhibition of this modification disrupted its localization at DNA lesions and reduced its binding to osteogenic gene promoters.

Conclusions:

These data identify Runx2 as a novel component of the DNA damage response, coupling DNA damage signaling to both osteogenic gene transcription and apoptosis and providing a mechanism for accelerated mineralization in aging and chronic disease.
Targeted Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Diseases by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Vazquez-Prada Karla X. , Lam Jacinta , Kamato Danielle , Xu Zhi Ping , Little Peter J. , Ta Hang T.
Published: December 2020

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major contributors to global disease burden. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process that involves the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the large arteries, forming an atherosclerotic plaque. Rupture of unstable plaques leads to thrombosis that triggers life-threatening complications such as myocardial infarction. Current diagnostic methods are invasive as they require insertion of a catheter into the coronary artery. Molecular imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, have been developed to image atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis due to its high spatial resolution and safety. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging can be improved with contrast agents, such as iron oxide nanoparticles. This review presents the most recent advances in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction molecular imaging using iron oxide-based nanoparticles. While some studies have shown their effectiveness, many are yet to undertake comprehensive testing of biocompatibility. There are still potential hazards to address and complications to diagnosis, therefore strategies for overcoming these challenges are required.
Intracellular AIBP (Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein) Regulates Oxidized LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)-Induced Mitophagy in Macrophages
Authors: Choi Soo-Ho , Agatisa-Boyle Colin , Gonen Ayelet , Kim Alisa , Kim Jungsu , Alekseeva Elena , Tsimikas Sotirios , Miller Yury I.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Atherosclerotic lesions are often characterized by accumulation of OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), which is associated with vascular inflammation and lesion vulnerability to rupture. Extracellular AIBP (apolipoprotein A-I binding protein; encoded by
APOA1BP
gene), when secreted, promotes cholesterol efflux and regulates lipid rafts dynamics, but its role as an intracellular protein in mammalian cells remains unknown. The aim of this work was to determine the function of intracellular AIBP in macrophages exposed to OxLDL and in atherosclerotic lesions.

Approach and Results:

Using a novel monoclonal antibody against human and mouse AIBP, which are highly homologous, we demonstrated robust AIBP expression in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. We observed significantly reduced autophagy in bone marrow-derived macrophages, isolated from
Apoa1bp
−/−
compared with wild-type mice, which were exposed to OxLDL. In atherosclerotic lesions from
Apoa1bp
−/−
mice subjected to
Ldlr
knockdown and fed a Western diet, autophagy was reduced, whereas apoptosis was increased, when compared with that in wild-type mice. AIBP expression was necessary for efficient control of reactive oxygen species and cell death and for mitochondria quality control in macrophages exposed to OxLDL. Mitochondria-localized AIBP, via its N-terminal domain, associated with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase PARK2 (Parkin), MFN (mitofusin)1, and MFN2, but not BNIP3 (Bcl2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein-3), and regulated ubiquitination of MFN1 and MFN2, key components of mitophagy.

Conclusions:

These data suggest that intracellular AIBP is a new regulator of autophagy in macrophages. Mitochondria-localized AIBP augments mitophagy and participates in mitochondria quality control, protecting macrophages against cell death in the context of atherosclerosis.
The Prevalence of Huayan-Chan 華嚴禪 Buddhism in the Regions of Northern China during the 11th Century
Authors: Wang (王頌) Song
Published: December 2020

In the 11th century, the dissemination of Buddhism in the territories of Northern Song 北宋 dynasty (960–1127) China, Khitan 契丹 Liao 遼 (907/916–1125), and Xixia 西夏 (Tangut 党項, 1038–1227) kingdoms each reached a peak. What united the learned peoples of these three kingdoms in terms of religious and intellectual development was the comparatively widespread study and adoption of the teachings of Huayan Buddhism, or studies of and commentaries to the translations of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra into Chinese in 60-, 80-, and 40-rolls (Huayan jing 華嚴經, esp. T nos. 278, 279, 293). In this article I address some of my earlier research concerning two treatises composed by Bensong 本嵩 (active ca. 1083–1085), the Huayan guan tongxuan ji 華嚴觀通玄記 (Record of the Profundities of Total Meditative Insight [or Contemplation] of the Gaṇḍavyūha chapter of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra Flower Garland Sūtra) and Fajie guan sanshimen song 法界觀三十門頌 (Verses Praising the Thirty Contemplative Approaches or Gates presented in the Gaṇḍavyūha Chapter on Entry into the Realm of Reality), among other examples from the period, to illustrate how these Huayan teachings were actually the product of Huayan and Chan Buddhist ideological frameworks, which fruitfully can be called Huayan-Chan. In order to demonstrate why the rubric ‘Huayan-Chan’ can be productive, I examine a range of commentarial Buddhist texts in Chinese to show who the patriarchs of Huayan-Chan were considered to be during the 11th century across the ethnically and linguistically diverse region of Northern China, and bring to the fore what some of these key teachings were. My main goal is to present the specific circumstances within which Huayan-Chan developed within the three kingdoms of Northern Song China, the Khitan Liao, and the Tangut Xixia.
Retinal Healthcare Diagnosis Approaches with Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Riaz Hamza , Park Jisu , H. Kim Peter , Kim Jungsuk
Published: December 2020

The retina is an important organ of the human body, with a crucial function in the vision mechanism. A minor disturbance in the retina can cause various abnormalities in the eye, as well as complex retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. To diagnose such diseases in early stages,
many researchers are incorporating machine learning (ML) technique. The combination of medical science with ML improves the healthcare diagnosis systems of hospitals, clinics, and other providers. Recently, AI-based healthcare diagnosis systems assist clinicians in handling more patients in
less time and improves diagnosis accuracy. In this paper, we review cutting-edge AI-based retinal diagnosis technologies. This article also briefly describes the potential of the latest densely connected convolutional networks (DenseNets) to improve the performance of diagnosis systems. Moreover,
this paper focuses on state-of-the-art results from comprehensive investigations in retinal diagnosis and the development of AI-based retinal healthcare diagnosis approaches with deep-learning models.
Effect Evaluation of Combined Application of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Brain Function Imaging in Radiation Therapy of Brain Tumours Involving Motor Pathways
Authors: Ni Cheng , Qin Daming , Cheng Hong , Zhou Meng , Luo Dandan
Published: December 2020

This study is an attempt to find a way for functional imaging information to be applied clinically in radiation therapy. The basal nucleus is a collective term for a group of neural nucleus in the central nervous system that connects the pontine, brainstem, and cerebral cortex, including
the caudate nucleus, the bean-shaped nucleus, the screen-shaped nucleus, and the amygdala. It is difficult to find the exact position of these neural nuclei on the computed tomography (CT) image or the T1 or T2 sequence of magnetic resonance. However, the development of neurosurgery has partially
confirmed that these functional nuclei are involved in advanced cognitive functions such as memory, emotion, and learning. Neurosurgery has tried to avoid damaging these nucleus groups during surgery to improve the quality of life of patients, and there is currently no clear strategy for this
in radiotherapy. Because CT and magnetic resonance spin echo (SE) sequences are difficult to find the anatomical location of the nucleus, it is difficult to have any strategy to protect these functions in radiotherapy planning. This article uses diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) images and fiber
bundle tracking to obtain a more accurate anatomical position of the nerve nucleus on the image, and provides some available strategies for radiotherapy to protect patients’ brain function. The conclusion of this paper is that the combined application of DTI and functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) can better observe the relationship among tumours, functional areas and white matter fibers, and guide the designation of radiotherapy plans.
The role of teachers in mitigating student stress to progress learning
Authors: Willis Alison , Grainger Peter , Menzies Stephanie , Dwyer Rachael , Simon Sue , Thiele Catherine
Published: December 2020

Many Australian young people experience mental health concerns, academic and study-related stresses, and socio-economic pressures. Phenomenological research conducted among primary and secondary schoolteachers in four Australian states investigated how teachers manage student wellbeing concerns and academic pressures and stresses. Findings identify key stresses that affect students’ performance and how teachers respond to these stresses to progress student learning. Creating space, finding margin, mitigating and reducing pressures and stresses, while upholding academic rigour, are the salient capabilities described by teachers in this study for simultaneously managing student wellbeing concerns and academic performance.
Gender Issues in the Patriarchy of the Igbo Culture of Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwuba MaryKristel Grace Chinyere
Published: December 2020

The main thesis of this work is that women’s rights and dignity are still respected in the cultural setting despite the fact that Igbo is a patriarchal society. Through the organization of women groups in different Igbo localities, women mobilize themselves and gain political power in solidarity to protect and uphold their rights and dignity as human beings. This work suggests that African women theologians, particularly those from Igbo origins, may join hands together and trace the action of Igbo women in the past in protecting their rights and dignity. This implies that they must study the recorded history of the land in Igbo culture and connect it to the present for the good of the current generation.
Historians, Archivists, and Museum Educators as Teacher Educators: Mentoring Preservice History Teachers at Cultural Institutes
Authors: Patterson Timothy
Published: December 2020

A relatively new phenomenon in teacher education involves preservice history teachers conducting fieldwork in museums, archives, and other cultural institutes. However, researchers have yet to generate understandings supported by empirical observations of the inner workings of such fieldwork experiences. Using interviews, observations, and artifacts, this article analyzes the pedagogies historians, archivists, and museum educators use when adopting the role of teacher educators. Findings offer possibilities for a collaborative and site-based structure of teacher education, running contrary to traditional models. Important to the development of preservice history teachers, mentors at cultural institutes conceptualize their work through an inquiry lens, growing intuitively out of their work as disciplinary experts. In addition, educative mentoring, while typically conceived of as a classroom-based method, was observed in practice at cultural institutes. This article concludes by offering suggestions for applying principles from this model to existing preservice teacher education programs.
“Out of the Depths Have I Called Thee”: Jewish Israeli Undertakers’ Management of Death Anxiety
Authors: Mahat-Shamir Michal
Published: December 2020

According to Terror Management Theory, there are three common buffers that minimize the anxiety of mortality salience: affirmation of one’s cultural worldview, the self and one’s personal values, and one’s significance in the context of close personal relationships. The current study aimed to explore the manner by which Jewish Israeli undertakers manage their constant exposure to death and buffer against death anxiety. A deductive and inductive thematic analysis captured a dialectical movement between, and within, two conflicting worldviews participants were engaged in, in their attempt to manage the mortality salience effect they experience and buffer against death anxiety.
Detecting the normal-direction in automated aircraft manufacturing based on adaptive alignment
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ding Hongchang , Zhao Changfu , Zhou Yigen , Cao Guohua
Published: December 2020

In aircraft manufacturing, the vertical accuracy of connection holes is important indicator of the quality of holes making. Aircraft products have high requirements for the vertical accuracy of holes positions. When drilling and riveting are performed by an automatic robotic system, assembly errors, bumps, offsets and other adverse conditions, can affects the accuracy of manufacturing and detection, and in turn the fatigue performance of the entire structure. To solve this problem, we proposed a technology for detecting the normal-direction based on the adaptive alignment method, built a mathematical model for posture alignment, and studied the calibration method and mechanism of the detection device. Additionally, we investigated techniques for error compensation using an electronic theodolite and other devices when the adaptive method is used for detection. In verification experiments of the method, multiple sets of results demonstrated that the key technical indicators are as follows: normal accuracy <0.5°, average deviation after correction =0.0667°. This method can effectively compensate the errors affecting hole making work in automated manufacturing, and further improve the positioning accuracy and normal-direction detection accuracy of the robot.