bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical shrinkage estimator for consistency assessment of treatment effects in multi‐regional clinical trials
Authors: Quan Hui , Li Mingyu , Shih Weichung Joe , Ouyang Soo Peter , Chen Joshua , Zhang Ji , Zhao Peng‐Liang
Published: August 2012

Multi‐regional clinical trials have been widely used for efficient global new drug developments. Both a fixed‐effect model and a random‐effect model can be used for trial design and data analysis of a multi‐regional clinical trial. In this paper, we first compare these two models in terms of the required sample size, type I error rate control, and the interpretability of trial results. We then apply the empirical shrinkage estimation approach based on the random‐effect model to two criteria of consistency assessment of treatment effects across regions. As demonstrated in our computations, compared with the sample estimator, the shrinkage estimator of the treatment effect of an individual region borrowing information from the other regions is much closer to the estimator of the overall treatment effect, has smaller variability, and therefore provides much higher probability for demonstrating consistency. We use a multinational trial example with time to event endpoint to illustrate the application of the method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐stage dose finding for cytostatic agents in phase I oncology trials
Authors: Yin Guosheng , Zheng Shurong , Xu Jiajing
Published: August 2012

Conventional dose‐finding methods in oncology are mainly developed for cytotoxic agents with the aim of finding the maximum tolerated dose. In phase I clinical trials with cytostatic agents, such as targeted therapies, designs with toxicity endpoints alone may not work well. For cytostatic agents, the goal is often to find the most efficacious dose that is still tolerable, although these agents are typically less toxic than cytotoxic agents and their efficacy may not monotonically increase with the dose. To effectively differentiate doses for cytostatic agents, we develop a two‐stage dose‐finding procedure by first identifying the toxicity upper bound of the searching range through dose escalation and then determining the most efficacious dose through dose de‐escalation while toxicity is continuously monitored. In oncology, treatment efficacy often takes a relatively long period to exhibit compared with toxicity. To accommodate such delayed response, we model the time to the efficacy event by redistributing the mass of the censored observation to the right and compute the fractional contribution of the censored data. We evaluate the operating characteristics of the new dose‐finding design for cytostatic agents and demonstrate its satisfactory performance through simulation studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical considerations when using a composite endpoint for comparing treatment groups
Authors: Gómez Guadalupe , Lagakos Stephen W.
Published: August 2012

When comparing two treatment groups in a time‐to‐event analysis, it is common to use a composite event consisting of two or more distinct outcomes. The goal of this paper is to develop a statistical methodology to derive efficiency guidelines for deciding whether to expand a study primary endpoint from (for example, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death) to the composite of and (for example, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death or revascularisation). We investigate this problem by considering the asymptotic relative efficiency of a log‐rank test for comparing treatment groups with respect to a primary relevant endpoint versus the composite primary endpoint, say , of and , where is some additional endpoint. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ptaquiloside‐induced early‐stage urothelial lesions show increased cell proliferation and intact β‐catenin and E‐cadherin expression
Authors: Gil da Costa Rui M. , Oliveira Paula A. , Bastos Margarida M. S. M. , Lopes Célia C. , Lopes Carlos
Published: August 2012

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is a carcinogenic plant whose main toxin, ptaquiloside, causes cancer in farm and laboratory animals. Ptaquiloside contaminates underground waters as well as meat and milk from bracken‐grazing animals and is a suspected human carcinogen. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis can be achieved by studying the early stages of this process. Unfortunately, most research on ptaquiloside has focused on the late, malignant, lesions, so the early changes of ptaquiloside‐induced carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. This study aims to characterize early‐stage ptaquiloside‐induced urinary bladder lesions both morphologically and immunohistochemically. 12 male CD‐1 mice were administered 0.5 mg ptaquiloside intraperitoneally, weekly, for 15 weeks, followed by 15 weeks without treatment. 12 control animals were administered saline. Bladders were tested immunohistochemically for antibodies against a cell proliferation marker (Ki‐67), and two cell adhesion markers (E‐cadherin and β‐catenin). Two exposed animals died during the work. Six ptaquiloside‐exposed mice developed low‐grade and two developed high grade urothelial dysplasia. No lesions were detected on control animals. Significantly, increased (p < 0.05) Ki‐67 labeling indices were found on dysplastic urothelium from ptaquiloside‐exposed mice, compared with controls. No differences were found concerning E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression. Early‐stage ptaquiloside‐induced urothelial lesions show increased cell proliferation but there is no evidence for reduced intercellular adhesiveness, though this may be a later event in tumor progression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 763–769, 2014.
Imaging in gynecological disease (8): ultrasound characteristics of recurrent borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Franchi D. , Boveri S. , Fruscio R. , Fischerova D. , Guerriero S. , Moruzzi M. C. , Colombo N. , Timmerman D. , Valentin L. , Testa A. C.
Published: August 2012

Objectives

To describe the sonographic characteristics of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) recurrence.

Methods

From the databases of five ultrasound centers, we retrospectively identified 68 patients with histological diagnosis of recurrent BOT who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination. All recurrences were detected during planned follow‐up ultrasound examinations. Recurrent lesions were described using the terms and definitions of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group.

Results

Sixty‐two patients had a serous BOT recurrence and six a mucinous BOT recurrence. All patients except one were premenopausal, 84% of them being < 40 years old. All but one patient were asymptomatic at diagnosis of the recurrence. Fertility‐sparing surgery of the recurrent tumor was performed in 57/68 (84%) patients. The most frequent ultrasound feature of recurrent serous BOT was a unilocular solid cyst (49/62, 79%) and almost half of the recurrent serous BOTs (29/62, 47%) had multiple papillary projections. In 89% of the recurrent serous BOTs there was at least one papillation with irregular surface and in 73% there was at least one papillation vascularized at color Doppler examination. Recurrent mucinous BOTs appeared mainly as multilocular or multilocular solid cysts (5/6, 83%).

Conclusion

Sonographic features of recurrent BOT resemble those described by others for different subtypes of primary BOT. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of MYH7 non‐compaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hoedemaekers Y. M. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Frohn‐Mulder I. M. E. , Dooijes D. , Majoor‐Krakauer D. F.
Published: August 2012

We report on two prenatal ultrasound diagnoses of left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) associated with mutation of the cardiac β‐myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7). LVNC is characterized by a trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular myocardial recesses communicating with the left ventricular cavity. Clinical features range from non‐penetrant disease in adult carriers to heart failure, arrhythmia and thromboembolism. Both cases showed cardiomegaly on prenatal ultrasound examinations, with features indicating non‐compaction of the myocardium apparent in the third trimester. Mutations in the MYH7 gene were identified postnatally in each case in both the proband and the father. One infant underwent surgical mitral valvuloplasty and a mechanical valve implant later; in the other, left ventricular function was unimpaired at birth. Cardiac function in both cases remained stable at last follow‐up. These cases highlight the importance of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of LVNC and the need for cardiologic and molecular testing of first‐degree relatives who may be unknown carriers of an MYH7 mutation.
Wind turbine condition monitoring: technical and commercial challenges
Authors: Yang Wenxian , Tavner Peter J. , Crabtree Christopher J. , Feng Y. , Qiu Y.
Published: August 2012

Deployment of larger scale wind turbine systems, particularly offshore, requires more organized operation and maintenance strategies to ensure systems are safe, profitable and cost‐effective. Among existing maintenance strategies, reliability centred maintenance is regarded as best for offshore wind turbines, delivering corrective and proactive (i.e. preventive and predictive) maintenance techniques enabling wind turbines to achieve high availability and low cost of energy. Reliability centred maintenance analysis may demonstrate that an accurate and reliable condition monitoring system is one method to increase availability and decrease the cost of energy from wind. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop efficient and cost‐effective condition monitoring techniques for wind turbines. A number of commercial wind turbine monitoring systems are available in the market, most based on existing techniques from other rotating machine industries. Other wind turbine condition monitoring reviews have been published but have not addressed the technical and commercial challenges, in particular, reliability and value for money. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap and present the wind industry with a detailed analysis of the current practical challenges with existing wind turbine condition monitoring technology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unstructured overset incompressible computational fluid dynamics for unsteady wind turbine simulations
Authors: Lynch C.E. , Smith M.J.
Published: August 2012

Overset computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are the most sophisticated methods currently available to predict the unsteady motion of wind turbine blades without the need for additional simplifications or restrictions on the turbine operational conditions. An unstructured implementation of the governing equations of motion permits rapid modeling of the salient components, such as nacelles, towers and other localized obstructions of interest. A time‐accurate incompressible formulation accelerates the convergence of the solution, in addition to eliminating the need for low‐Mach number preconditioning, which can be problematic and computationally expensive for time‐accurate simulations. The use of a hybrid Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation (RANS/LES) turbulence method is observed to improve the prediction and extent of separation, as well as integrated performance variables for stalled rotors under fully turbulent conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The selective dynamical downscaling method for extreme‐wind atlases
Authors: Larsén Xiaoli Guo , Badger Jake , Hahmann Andrea N. , Mortensen Niels G.
Published: August 2012

A selective dynamical downscaling method is developed to obtain extreme‐wind atlases for large areas. The method is general, efficient and flexible. The method consists of three steps: (i) identifying storm episodes for a particular area, (ii) downscaling of the storms using mesoscale modelling and (iii) post‐processing. The post‐processing generalizes the winds from the mesoscale modelling to standard conditions, i.e. 10‐m height over a homogeneous surface with roughness length of 5 cm. The generalized winds are then used to calculate the 50‐year wind using the annual maximum method for each mesoscale grid point. The generalization of the mesoscale winds through the post‐processing provides a framework for data validation and for applying further the mesoscale extreme winds at specific places using microscale modelling. The results are compared with measurements from two areas with different types of extreme‐wind climates, and the results are promising. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impaired riboflavin transport due to missense mutations in SLC52A2 causes Brown‐Vialetto‐Van Laere syndrome
Authors: Haack Tobias B. , Makowski Christine , Yao Yoshiaki , Graf Elisabeth , Hempel Maja , Wieland Thomas , Tauer Ulrike , Ahting Uwe , Mayr Johannes A. , Freisinger Peter , Yoshimatsu Hiroki , Inui Ken , Strom Tim M. , Meitinger Thomas , Yonezawa Atsushi , Prokisch Holger
Published: August 2012

Brown‐Vialetto‐Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS [MIM 211530]) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by infancy onset sensorineural deafness and ponto‐bulbar palsy. Mutations in SLC52A3 (formerly C20orf54), coding for riboflavin transporter 2 (hRFT2), have been identified as the molecular genetic correlate in several individuals with BVVLS. Exome sequencing of just one single case revealed that compound heterozygosity for two pathogenic mutations in the SLC52A2 gene coding for riboflavin transporter 3 (hRFT3), another member of the riboflavin transporter family, is also associated with BVVLS. Overexpression studies confirmed that the gene products of both mutant alleles have reduced riboflavin transport activities. While mutations in SLC52A3 cause decreased plasma riboflavin levels, concordant with a role of SLC52A3 in riboflavin uptake from food, the SLC52A2‐mutant individual had normal plasma riboflavin concentrations, a finding in line with a postulated function of SLC52A2 in riboflavin uptake from blood into target cells. Our results contribute to the understanding of human riboflavin metabolism and underscore its role in the pathogenesis of BVVLS, thereby providing a rational basis for a high‐dose riboflavin treatment.
A Multi‐Case Report of the Pathways To and Through Genetic Testing and Cancer Risk Management forBRCAMutation‐Positive Women Aged 18–25
Authors: Hoskins Lindsey M. , Werner‐Lin Allison
Published: August 2012

Much of the extant literature addressing the psychosocial aspects ofBRCA1/2mutation testing and risk management aggregates mutation carriers of all ages in study recruitment, data analysis, and interpretation. This analytic strategy does not adequately address the needs of the youngest genetic testing consumers,i.e., women aged 18–25. Despite low absolute cancer risk estimates before age 30,BRCA1/2mutation‐positive women aged 18–25 feel vulnerable to a cancer diagnosis but find themselves in a management quandary because the clinical utility of screeningandprevention options are not yet well defined for such young carriers. We present three cases, selected from a larger study of 32BRCA1/2mutation‐positive women who completed or considered genetic testing before age 25, to demonstrate the unique developmental, relational and temporal influences, as well as the challenges, experienced by very youngBRCAmutation‐positive women as they complete genetic testing and initiate cancer risk management. The first case describes the maturation of a young woman whose family participated in a national cancer registry. The second addresses the experiences and expectations of a young woman who completed genetic testing after learning that her unaffected father was a mutation carrier. The third case highlights the experiences of a young woman parentally bereaved in childhood, who presented for genetic counseling and testing due to intense family pressure. Together, these cases suggest thatBRCA1/2‐positive women aged 18–25 are challenged to reconcile their burgeoning independence from their families with risk‐related support needs. Loved ones acting in ways meant to care for these young women may inadvertently apply pressure, convoluting family support dynamics and autonomous decision‐making. Ongoing support from competent healthcare professionals will enable these young women to remain informed and receive objective counsel about their risk‐management decisions.
Is Biology Destiny? Birth Weight and Differential Parental Treatment
Authors: Hsin Amy
Published: August 2012

Time diaries of sibling pairs from the PSID-CDS are used to determine whether maternal time investments compensate for or reinforce birth-weight differences among children. The findings demonstrate that the direction and degree of differential treatment vary by mother’s education. Less-educated mothers devote more total time and more educationally oriented time to heavier-birth-weight children, whereas better-educated mothers devote more total and more educationally oriented time to lower-birth-weight children. The compensating effects observed among highly educated mothers are substantially larger than the reinforcing effects among the least-educated mothers. The findings show that families redistribute resources in ways that both compensate for and exacerbate early-life disadvantages.
Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trials—recommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia
Authors: Cesari Matteo , Fielding Roger A. , Pahor Marco , Goodpaster Bret , Hellerstein Marc , Van Kan Gabor A. , Anker Stefan D. , Rutkove Seward , Vrijbloed J. Willem , Isaac Maria , Rolland Yves , M'Rini Christine , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Zamboni Mauro , Sieber Cornell C. , Laurent Didier , Evans William J. , Roubenoff Ronenn , Morley John E. , Vellas Bruno
Published: August 2012

Sarcopenia, the age‐related skeletal muscle decline, is associated with relevant clinical and socioeconomic negative outcomes in older persons. The study of this phenomenon and the development of preventive/therapeutic strategies represent public health priorities. The present document reports the results of a recent meeting of the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (a task force consisting of geriatricians and scientists from academia and industry) held on June 7–8, 2011 in Toulouse (France). The meeting was specifically focused at gaining knowledge on the currently available biomarkers (functional, biological, or imaging‐related) that could be utilized in clinical trials of sarcopenia and considered the most reliable and promising to evaluate age‐related modifications of skeletal muscle. Specific recommendations about the assessment of aging skeletal muscle in older people and the optimal methodological design of studies on sarcopenia were also discussed and finalized. Although the study of skeletal muscle decline is still in a very preliminary phase, the potential great benefits derived from a better understanding and treatment of this condition should encourage research on sarcopenia. However, the reasonable uncertainties (derived from exploring a novel field and the exponential acceleration of scientific progress) require the adoption of a cautious and comprehensive approach to the subject.
Agrin induces association of Chrna1 mRNA and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Chang Yung-Fu , Chou Hui-Ju , Yen Ying-Cheng , Chang Hsueh-Wei , Hong Yi-Ren , Huang Hurng-Wern , Tseng Chao-Neng
Published: August 2012

AChR alpha 1 physically interacts with Stau1 by pull down (View interaction)
Holocene aeolian sand mobilization, vegetation history and human impact on the stabilized sand dune area of the southern Nyírség, Hungary
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Sipos György , Mauz Barbara , Mezősi Gábor
Published: August 2012

Almost 20% of the territory of Hungary is covered by stabilized dunes formed during the Pleistocene. With the climate amelioration during the early Holocene the aeolian activity ceased. However, various environmental and anthropogenic factors could have reactivated the aeolian processes. Today, there is an increasing climatic stress on the dune fields of the Carpathian Basin, which is coupled with inadequate land use. It is therefore necessary to determine the timing and circumstances of sand mobilization during the Holocene. The site of the present study is located in a dune–interdune system on the southern part of the Nyírség alluvial fan, where periods of Holocene aeolian activity and environmental change were investigated using palynological and sedimentological methods, optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating. The data achieved show climate-driven Boreal aeolian activity at approximately 8.2 ka, and also demonstrate for the first time that during the Atlantic Phase (6.4 and 5.3 ka), in spite of the relatively humid climate and dense vegetation, aeolian activity has taken place, induced probably by agricultural practices. Following Subboreal morphological stability, aeolian activity occurred several times in the Subatlantic Phase (2.4–2.2, 1.2–0.8 and 0.4–0.1 ka) as a result of vegetation changes and human activity.
Model-based design of transverse wall oscillations for turbulent drag reduction
Authors: Moarref Rashad , Jovanović Mihailo R.
Published: August 2012

Over the last two decades, both experiments and simulations have demonstrated that transverse wall oscillations with properly selected amplitude and frequency can reduce turbulent drag by as much as $40\hspace{0.167em} \% $. In this paper, we develop a model-based approach for designing oscillations that suppress turbulence in a channel flow. We utilize eddy-viscosity-enhanced linearization of the turbulent flow with control in conjunction with turbulence modelling to determine skin-friction drag in a simulation-free manner. The Boussinesq eddy viscosity hypothesis is used to quantify the effect of fluctuations on the mean velocity in flow subject to control. In contrast to the traditional approach that relies on numerical simulations, we determine the turbulent viscosity from the second-order statistics of the linearized model driven by white-in-time stochastic forcing. The spatial power spectrum of the forcing is selected to ensure that the linearized model for uncontrolled flow reproduces the turbulent energy spectrum. The resulting correction to the turbulent mean velocity induced by small-amplitude wall movements is then used to identify the optimal frequency of drag-reducing oscillations. In addition, the control net efficiency and the turbulent flow structures that we obtain agree well with the results of numerical simulations and experiments. This demonstrates the predictive power of our model-based approach to controlling turbulent flows and is expected to pave the way for successful flow control at higher Reynolds numbers than currently possible.
Only the King Can Do It: Adaptation and Flexibility in Crusade Ideology in Sixteenth-Century Spain
Authors: O'Banion Patrick J.
Published: August 2012

Reforming efforts at the Council of Trent (1545–1563), the challenges of Protestantism, the rise of national states, and the reassessment of just war doctrine, had initiated a moment of crisis for crusading by the mid-sixteenth century. Indeed, historians have described these trends as signaling the end of the movement. This article explores the theoretical underpinnings deployed by an elite group of Spanish theologians and churchmen in May of 1567 to shore up their monarch's claim to a lucrative version of the crusade indulgence granted by popes since the fifteenth century. By rehearsing traditional arguments, eschewing those they saw as obsolete, and deploying new ones, these theorists expose the remarkable adaptability of crusading. The integrity of papally sanctioned holy war against the enemies of the faith collapsed in later centuries with the rise of international law and recognition of permanent divisions within therespublica Christiana. Yet, the ability of sixteenth-century Spanish theorists to recast ideology in the face of shifting intellectual, cultural, and social tides indicates the continuing viability of crusading during a period of inchoateness.
The Inquisition, Professing Jews, and Christian Images in Seventeenth-Century Modena
Authors: Aron-Beller Katherine
Published: August 2012

In seventeenth-century Italy, Christian relics and images were scattered through urban spaces, not only because the faithful were expected to acknowledge and touch them, but because their moving through city streets in processions celebratedcommunitas, the sense of belonging that was so much part of early modern civic existence.

The Inquisitorial archive in Modena holds at least twelveprocessiagainst professing Jews (who lived for the most part in the city capital or in smaller Jewish communities scattered through the duchy) for the offence of desecrating Christian images during its most active period of prosecution between 1598 and 1640. Denunciations accused Jews of removing crucifixes from walls, stoning or tampering Christian statues and religious paintings, and failing to show the necessary respect to images carried through the streets. This paper explores the frequency of the image desecration charges against Jews in early modern Italy and in particular the duchy of Modena, the pivotal impact of internal Christian processes about their own images and whether these objects did in fact have inherent or stable meanings for Jews at this time.
The Black Virgin: Santa Efigenia, Popular Religion, and the African Diaspora in Peru
Authors: Sánchez Roberto
Published: August 2012

This article sketches an archeology of the apocryphal myth of Santa Efigenia, the Ethiopian virgin saint celebrated in the southern coastal of valley of Cañete, Peru. The history of Santa Efigenia is used to analyze the invention of popular myths and processions in a rural community in contrast to the cornerstone of popular national religiosity in Peru, the Lord of the Miracles (Señor de los Milagros). The popular worship and diffusion of these devotions and processions intersect with the contested formation of national identity in early and late twentieth century Peru. Moreover, they speak to how traditional and popular forms of religious worship are valued and devalued.

The African diaspora in Peru and the Pacific coast of South America has been difficult to historicize because of the scant cultural evidence for an Afro-Andean nostalgia or separation from an African homeland. The rediscovery and devotion of Santa Efigenia and her emergent popularity in Peru and larger presence in Brazil and Cuba is compelling evidence that Afro-Peruvians have a direct connection with African culture and history and the early religious history of Catholic saints and virgins.
THE SYMMETRIC GENUS OF 2-GROUPS
Authors: MAY COY L. , ZIMMERMAN JAY
Published: August 2012

Let G be a finite group. The symmetric genus σ(G) is the minimum genus of any Riemann surface on which G acts faithfully. We show that if G is a group of order 2m that has symmetric genus congruent to 3 (mod 4), then either G has exponent 2m−3 and a dihedral subgroup of index 4 or else the exponent of G is 2m−2. We then prove that there are at most 52 isomorphism types of these 2-groups; this bound is independent of the size of the 2-group G. A consequence of this bound is that almost all positive integers that are the symmetric genus of a 2-group are congruent to 1 (mod 4).
EMBEDDING MODULES OF FINITE HOMOLOGICAL DIMENSION
Authors: SATHER-WAGSTAFF SEAN
Published: August 2012

This paper builds on work of Hochster and Yao that provides nice embeddings for finitely generated modules of finite G-dimension, finite projective dimension or locally finite injective dimension. We extend these results by providing similar embeddings in the relative setting, that is, for certain modules of finite GC-dimension, finiteC-projective dimension, locally finiteC-injective dimension or locally finiteC-injective dimension whereCis a semidualizing module. Along the way, we extend some results for modules of finite homological dimension to modules of locally finite homological dimension in the relative setting.
MINOR ARC MOMENTS OF WEYL SUMS
Authors: HARVEY M. P.
Published: August 2012

We obtain an improved bound for the 2k-th moment of a degree k Weyl sum, restricted to a set of minor arcs, when k is small. We then present some applications of this bound to some Diophantine problems, including a case of the Waring–Goldbach problem, and a particular family of Diophantine equations defined as the sum of a norm form and a diagonal form.
RICCI SOLITONS AND CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS
Authors: GHOSH AMALENDU
Published: August 2012

We study on a contact metric manifold M2n+1(ϕ, ξ, η, g) such that g is a Ricci soliton with potential vector field V collinear with ξ at each point under different curvature conditions: (i) M is of pointwise constant ξ-sectional curvature, (ii) M is conformally flat.
THE CO-STABILITY MANIFOLD OF A TRIANGULATED CATEGORY
Authors: JØRGENSEN PETER , PAUKSZTELLO DAVID
Published: August 2012

Stability conditions on triangulated categories were introduced by Bridgeland as a ‘continuous’ generalisation of t-structures. The set of locally-finite stability conditions on a triangulated category is a manifold that has been studied intensively. However, there are mainstream triangulated categories whose stability manifold is the empty set. One example is Dc(k[X]/(X2)), the compact derived category of the dual numbers over an algebraically closed field k. This is one of the motivations in this paper for introducing co-stability conditions as a ‘continuous’ generalisation of co-t-structures. Our main result is that the set of nice co-stability conditions on a triangulated category is a manifold. In particular, we show that the co-stability manifold of Dc(k[X]/(X2)) is ℂ.
ON CRYSTAL OPERATORS IN LUSZTIG'S PARAMETRIZATIONS AND STRING CONE DEFINING INEQUALITIES
Authors: ZELIKSON SHMUEL
Published: August 2012

Let w0 be a reduced expression for the longest element of the Weyl group, adapted to a quiver of type An. We compare Lusztig's and Kashiwara's (string) parametrizations on canonical basis associated with w0. Crystal operators act in a finite number of patterns in Lusztig's parametrization, which may be seen as vectors. We show that this set gives the system of defining inequalities of the string cone constructed by Gleizer and Postnikov (O. Gleizer and A Postnikov, Littlewood–Richardson coefficients via Yang–Baxter equation, IMRN14 (2000) 741–774). We use combinatorics of the Auslander–Reiten quivers, and as a by-product we get an alternative enumeration of a set of inequalities defining the string cone based on hammocks.
ON CERTAIN APPLICATIONS OF THE KHUKHRO–MAKARENKO THEOREM
Authors: ARIKAN AHMET , SMITH HOWARD , TRABELSI NADIR
Published: August 2012

Some recent results of Khukhro and Makarenko on the existence of characteristic -subgroups of finite index in a group G, for certain varieties , are used to obtain generalisations of some well-known results in the literature pertaining to groups G, in which all proper subgroups satisfy some condition or other related to the property ‘soluble-by-finite’. In addition, a partial generalisation is obtained for the aforementioned results on the existence of characteristic subgroups.
MEASURE-MULTIPLICITY OF THE LAPLACIAN MASA
Authors: DYKEMA KEN , MUKHERJEE KUNAL
Published: August 2012

It is shown that for the Laplacian masa in the free group factors, the orthocomplement of the associated Jones' projection is an infinite direct sum of coarse bimodules.
ON A PAIRING BETWEEN SYMMETRIC POWER MODULES
Authors: JARVIS FRAZER
Published: August 2012

We prove, using purely combinatorial methods, that there is a pairing

\begin{linenomath}
$$\Sym^a\Q^2\times\Sym^a\Q^2\lra\Q$$
\end{linenomath}

with an M2(ℚ)-equivariance property.
The effect of cultivar on the changes in protein quality during wilting and ensiling of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: KRAWUTSCHKE M. , WEIHER N. , THAYSEN J. , LOGES R. , TAUBE F. , GIERUS M.
Published: August 2012

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) silage usually contains lower contents of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compared with other forage legumes. This is often attributed to the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in red clover, although in most field studies the PPO activity was not measured. Therefore, a laboratory ensiling experiment with three red clover cultivars and one white clover cultivar as control grown in two management systems (with and without mechanical stress) over 2 consecutive years was conducted. Fresh, wilted and ensiled clover herbage was sampled at four cutting dates per year to determine the crude protein (CP) fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The specific PPO activity was measured photometrically in fresh clover leaves. The content of CP fraction A (NPN) increased from fresh over wilted to ensiled clover herbage at the expense of the content of CP fraction B (true protein), irrespective of species, cultivar and year. The most important source of variation for all CP fractions and the calculated rumen-undegradable protein contents was generally the herbage condition, except for CP fraction C (unavailable protein). White clover silage consisted of higher contents of CP fraction A and lower contents of CP fraction B3 in CP compared with red clover silage. As a result, the calculated rumen-undegradable protein content of white clover silage was lower than that of all red clover cultivars. In conclusion, the extent of proteolysis during ensiling among the silages made from the herbage of different red clover cultivars was primarily influenced by the stage of maturity at harvesting and the degree of wilting at ensiling. The variation in specific PPO activity could not be related to the extent of proteolysis.
Native American Indian Freemasonry and Its Relation to the Performative Turn within Contemporary American Scholarship
Authors: PORTER JOY
Published: August 2012

This article is informed by recent work by the author unearthing the histories of Native American Indian Freemasons from the Revolutionary era to the present. Given that performed ritual has always been key to Masonic practice, it was initially supposed that Indian performance within Masonry could be explained using the same performative analytical lens that has recently been applied to various other aspects of the American and American Indian past. However, this research reveals that the performance paradigm has important limitations when applied in colonial or postcolonial contexts and that these have a particular significance when we evaluate the Native American fraternal experience of Freemasonry. This article explores the specifics of recent “performative” analyses and argues that whilst performance offers potentially revealing and enabling new means of comprehending Indian and non-Indian interaction, it also carries with it risks against which we must remain vigilant. It argues that the performance paradigm is useful only to the extent to which it can differentiate between positive cultural interaction and negative cultural appropriation. It concludes by suggesting that it is only when we conceive of culture as being essentially imaginative that performance as an analytical paradigm fully functions.
CHANGES IN WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN THE US CARDIA COHORT: FIXED-EFFECTS ASSOCIATIONS WITH SELF-REPORTED EXPERIENCES OF RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION
Authors: CUNNINGHAM TIMOTHY J. , BERKMAN LISA F. , KAWACHI ICHIRO , JACOBS DAVID R. , SEEMAN TERESA E. , KIEFE CATARINA I. , GORTMAKER STEVEN L.
Published: August 2012

Prior studies examining the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and obesity have had mixed results and primarily been cross-sectional. This study tests the hypothesis that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts gains in waist circumference and body mass index in Black and White women and men over eight years. In race/ethnicity- and gender-stratified models, this study examined whether change in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts changes in waist circumference and body mass index over time using a fixed-effects regression approach in SAS statistical software, providing control for both measured and unmeasured time-invariant covariates. Between 1992–93 and 2000–01, self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination decreased among 843 Black women (75% to 73%), 601 Black men (80% to 77%), 893 White women (30% to 23%) and 856 White men (28% to 23%). In fixed-effects regression models, controlling for all time-invariant covariates, social desirability bias, and changes in education and parity (women only) over time, an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination over time was significantly associated with an increase in waist circumference (β=1.09, 95% CI: 0.00–2.19, p=0.05) and an increase in body mass index (β=0.67, 95% CI: 0.19–1.16, p=0.007) among Black women. No associations were observed among Black men and White women and men. These findings suggest that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may be associated with increases in waist circumference and body mass index among Black women over time.
Effects of tone on the three-way laryngeal distinction in Korean: An acoustic and aerodynamic comparison of the Seoul and South Kyungsang dialects
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Jongman Allard
Published: August 2012

The three-way laryngeal distinction among voiceless Korean stops has been well documented for the Seoul dialect. The present study compares the acoustic and aerodynamic properties of this stop series between two dialects, non-tonal Seoul and tonal South Kyungsang Korean. Sixteen male Korean speakers (eight from Seoul and eight from Kyungsang) participated. Measures collected included VOT, f0 at vowel onset, H1-H2, and air pressure and airflow. The presence versus absence of lexical pitch accent affects both the acoustic and aerodynamic properties. First, Seoul speakers use a combination of f0 and VOT to distinguish the three-way contrast of Korean stops, while Kyungsang speakers mainly use VOT. Second, the presence of lexical pitch for Kyungsang speakers makes f0 an unreliable acoustic cue for the three Korean stops. Third, dialectal differences in VOT to mark the three-way distinction support the notion of a diachronic transition whereby VOT differences between the lenis and aspirated stops in Seoul Korean have been decreasing over the past 50 years. Finally, the aerodynamic results make it possible to postulate the articulatory state of the glottis, indicating a positive correlation with acoustic parameters. Based on the acoustic and aerodynamic results, phonological representations of Korean stops for the tonal and non-tonal dialects are suggested.
Contrastive breathiness across consonants and vowels: A comparative study of Gujarati and White Hmong
Authors: Esposito Christina M. , Khan Sameer ud Dowla
Published: August 2012

Gujarati and White Hmong are among a small handful of languages known to maintain a phonemic contrast between breathy and modal voice across both obstruents and vowels. Given that breathiness on stop consonants is realized as a breathy-voiced aspirated release into the following vowel, how is consonant breathiness distinguished from vocalic breathiness, if at all? We examine acoustic and electroglottographic data of potentially ambiguous CV sequences collected from speakers of Gujarati and White Hmong, to determine what properties reliably distinguish breathiness associated with stop consonants from breathiness associated with vowels comparing both within and across these two unrelated languages. Results from the two languages are strikingly similar: only the early timing and increased magnitude of the various acoustic reflexes of breathiness phonetically distinguish phonemic consonantal breathiness from phonemic vocalic breathiness.
An acoustic and perceptual study of Connemara Irish palatalization
Authors: Chiosáin Máire Ní , Padgett Jaye
Published: August 2012

Palatalization contrasts are subject to certain asymmetries across languages (Takatori 1997, Kochetov 2002). For example, they are preferred at the beginning of words or syllables rather than at the end, and they are preferred in coronals rather than labials. Kochetov (2002, 2004) argues that these asymmetries are perceptually motivated, and he provides supporting evidence from Russian. We report on results of an acoustic and perceptual study of palatalization in Connemara Irish. Our acoustic analysis documents a range of properties distinguishing palatalized from non-palatalized consonants in Irish, though our acoustic data come from only one speaker. Based on a speeded AX discrimination task, our perceptual results in some ways parallel Kochetov's for Russian (listeners show degraded performance for the coda contrast compared to the onset contrast), and in some ways do not (they do not perform better on coronals than on labials).
IPA Council votes against new IPA symbol
Authors: Keating Patricia A.
Published: August 2012

In June 2011, the IPA Council received a formal request from William Barry and Jürgen Trouvain to vote on the adoption of a standard IPA symbol for the central open (unrounded) vowel. This request followed publication in 2008, in JIPA 38(3), of their paper ‘Do we need a symbol for a central open vowel?’, along with response papers in JIPA 39(2) by Daniel Recasens and Martin Ball, and a further response from Barry and Trouvain, in JIPA 39(3).
A tribute to Wiktor Jassem on the occasion of his 90th birthday
Authors: Hirst Daniel
Published: August 2012

Wiktor Jassem's short article on rhythm (‘Indication of speech rhythm in the transcription of educated Southern English’) was published in 1949 inLe Maître Phonétique, the ancestor of today'sJournal of the International Phonetic Association. The author was a young man aged 27 at the time, who was working on a longer treatment of the intonation of conversational English which was to be published three years later (Jassem 1952), just 60 years ago this year. Despite his youth, and despite the fact that he was not a native speaker of English, Jassem did not hesitate to take on giants, and to suggest in this paper that his treatment of rhythm is superior to that of both Henry Sweet and Harold Palmer, as well, he adds in the 1952 book, as that of his mentor Daniel Jones.
In Memoriam: Susan Guion Anderson (1966–2011)
Authors: Redford Melissa A. , Idemaru Kaori
Published: August 2012

Susan Guion Anderson (née Susan G. Guion) died just shy of her 45th birthday on 24th December 2011 in Springfield, Oregon, from an aggressive and rare form of cancer. Her early death cut short a very productive research career in second language phonetics, and deprived students of an extremely gifted teacher.
Petitioning the Sultan in Ottoman Egypt
Authors: Baldwin James E.
Published: August 2012

This article examines the role of petitions to the Sultan concerning private disputes in the legal system of Ottoman Egypt during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Previous studies have seen petitioning as a means for subjects to complain about abuses carried out by Ottoman officials: few scholars have engaged with the many petitions involving private disputes between subjects. Based on both original petitions and Ottoman bureaucratic records, this article consists of two parts and an appendix. Part 1 describes the petitioning process, including the procedure followed by the imperial palace when handling petitions. Part 2 analyses the various ways in which sending a petition could affect the outcome of a dispute. The appendix features a reproduction and transcription of a petition which has been annotated by several palace officials, illustrating its progress through the palace bureaucracy.
Volunteering in retirement migration: meanings and functions of charitable activities for older British residents in Spain
Authors: HAAS HEIKO
Published: August 2012

Volunteering is a ubiquitous and distinct feature of the British retired community in Spain, and for many older migrants volunteering constitutes a significant part of their post-retirement life abroad. Especially in the management and organisation of health and age-related problems voluntary organisations have come to play a crucial role not only for the British community but also for the Spanish host society and public health-care system. Furthermore, volunteering represents a valuable sphere of activity offering personal benefits for those who are actively engaged. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a charity organisation in the province of Alicante on the northern Costa Blanca, this paper examines the extensive functions that volunteering and charitable activities can offer British older migrants. The implementation of voluntary work within the specific context of retirement migration is identified as a multi-functional individual and societal resource. Volunteering for the retirees is described as a true means of adaptation to a new life context, and as a highly reflexive strategy of risk minimisation and self-realisation. This implies individual benefits and opens up possibilities of active ageing. Finally, volunteering will be analysed as a performative expression of transmigrants' cultural bifocality, reflecting both a high level of commitment to Spain as well as a specific feature of British community spirit and traditionalism.
Four decades of Universities of the Third Age: past, present, future
Authors: FORMOSA MARVIN
Published: August 2012

This paper discusses the origins and development of Universities of the Third Age (U3As) whilst also forwarding suggestions for possible roles, opportunities and directions in the future. The U3A has been rightly described as both an idea and movement, as each centre has a local foundation and relatively unique features. Whilst some U3As are attached to traditional universities and colleges, others are sturdily autonomous and wholly dependent on the efforts of volunteers. One also finds a variety of ethos, ranging from the provision of a traditional type of liberal-arts education, to the organisation of interest-group activities conducted through peer learning, to showing solidarity with vulnerable sectors of the older population. Academic commentaries on the U3A movement have been both supportive and critical. Whilst U3As have been lauded for leading older learners to improved levels of physical, cognitive, social and psychological wellbeing, other reports emphasise how many centres incorporate strong gender, social class, ageist and ethnic biases. One hopes that in future years the U3A movement will continue to be relevant to incoming cohorts of older adults by embracing a broader vision of learning, improving the quality of learning, instruction and curricula, as well as a wider participation agenda that caters for older adults experiencing physical and cognitive challenges.