bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Declared Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 and Actual Vaccination—The Role of Trust in Science, Conspiratorial Thinking and Religiosity
Authors: Maciuszek Józef , Polak Mateusz , Stasiuk Katarzyna , Rosiński Jerzy
Published: January 2023

AIMS: The study aims to investigate how trust in science, conspiratorial thinking, and religiosity affected people’s declared willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 at the onset of the vaccination program in Poland, their actual vaccination, and the consistency between intention and vaccination. METHODS: In a longitudinal design, a representative sample of 918 members of the Polish general population was polled at the beginning of the vaccination program (February 2021) and polled again after 6 months of mass vaccination (August 2021). We measured the willingness to vaccinate, actual vaccination after 6 months, and individual variables—trust in science, conspiratorial thinking and religiosity. RESULTS: The actual vaccination rate was higher than the declared intent, especially in the initially undecided and unwilling groups. Higher Trust in science and lower Conspiratorial Thinking were associated with declared intent to vaccinate and actual vaccination, while Religiosity was not clearly associated with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Declared willingness to vaccinate is not an effective indicator of actual vaccination. Trust in science and Conspiratorial thinking are important factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. There may be a possibility to influence those unwilling to vaccinate and that are undecided to eventually get vaccinated.
Successful Clindamycin Therapy of an Infected Subcutaneous Permanent Pacing Lead in a Dog after a Failed Course with Potentiated Amoxicillin and Enrofloxacin
Authors: Szatmári Viktor , van Dongen Astrid M. , Tobón Restrepo Mauricio , den Toom Marjolein L. , Jongejan Niels
Published: January 2023

Though permanent pacemaker implantation is the only effective therapy for certain bradyarrhythmias in dogs, it is not without risks. Bacterial infection of the device is one of the most common complications. Human guidelines recommend besides systemic antibiotics, surgical explantation of the pacing lead and pulse generator in case of device-infection. This report describes a 13.5-year-old dog that received a transvenous endocardial permanent pacemaker because of syncopal episodes resulting from paroxysmal third-degree atrio-ventricular block. Five days after an uneventful surgery, a painful swelling appeared around the subcutaneous part of the lead where this was inserted into the jugular vein. A 4-week course of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combined with enrofloxacin failed to clear the infection on long-term. Ultrasound-guided puncture of the abscess was performed to gain a sample for bacterial culture and antibiogram. Oral clindamycin of 4 weeks’ duration successfully resolved the infection with Staphylococcus aureus without having to explant the device. Repeated ultrasonographic examinations and fine-needle aspiration biopsies were used to evaluate for persistent local inflammation, guiding the length of the antibiotic therapy. Though the described approach has traditionally been ill-advised because of the risk of introducing bacteria and damaging the pacemaker lead, it was successful in our case.
Mapping Potential Water Resource Areas Using GIS-Based Frequency Ratio and Evidential Belief Function
Authors: Li Yang , Abdelkareem Mohamed , Al-Arifi Nasir
Published: January 2023

Groundwater is a critical freshwater resource that is necessary for sustaining life. Thus, targeting prospective groundwater zones is crucial for the extraction, use, and management of water resources. In this study, we combined the remote sensing, GIS-based frequency ratio (FR), and evidential belief function (EBF) techniques into a model to delineate and quantify prospective groundwater zones. To accomplish this, we processed Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel-2, and rainfall data to reveal the geomorphic, hydrologic, and structural elements and climatic conditions of the study area, which is downstream of the Yellow River basin, China. We processed, quantified, and combined twelve factors (the elevation, slope, aspect, drainage density, lineament density, distance to rivers, NDVI, TWI, SPI, TRI, land use/cover, and rainfall intensity) that control the groundwater infiltration and occurrence using the GIS-based FR and EBF models to produce groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). We used the natural breaks classifier to categorize the groundwater likelihood at each location as very low, low, moderate, high, or very high. The FR model exhibited a better performance than the EBF model, as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC) assessment of the groundwater potential predictions (FR AUCs of 0.707 and 0.734, and EBF AUCs of 0.665 and 0.690). Combining the FR and EBF models into the FR–EBF model increased the accuracy (AUC = 0.716 and 0.747), and it increased the areas of very high and moderate potentiality to 1.97% of the entire area, instead of the 0.39 and 0.78% of the FR and EBF models, respectively. The integration of remote sensing and GIS-data-driven techniques is crucial for the mapping of groundwater prospective zones.
Assessing 1D Hydrodynamic Modeling of Júcar River Behavior in Mancha Oriental Aquifer Domain (SE Spain)
Authors: Dountcheva Iordanka , Sanz David , Penchev Philip , Cassiraga Eduardo , Galabov Vassil , Gómez-Alday Juan José
Published: January 2023

In times of population growth, climate change, and increasing water scarcity around the world, it is important to take an objective look at water, a fundamental resource for life. Hydrodynamic modeling makes possible the research of different aspects of the water cycle and the evaluation of different hydrological and hydrogeological forecasting scenarios in the short and medium terms. The present research offers a more detailed scope at the hydrodynamic processes and their space-time distributions on a UE pilot in the Júcar River Basin, providing a calibrated and validated hydrodynamic model of 121 km river reach for 45 years period (1974–2019) on a daily scale. The obtained information is about discharge and water depths along the Júcar River reach within the hydrogeological boundaries of the Mancha Oriental Aquifer (MOA). The river–aquifer interactions have been represented as dynamic boundary conditions expressed as a difference between observed discharges measured in 3 gauging stations. The obtained calibration error performance evaluations of observed and simulated values cover two periods, according to observed data availability from gauging station 08036 with resulting R2 for both discharges and water depths over 0.96. The model validation results were obtained for a different gauge 08132 and the determination coefficients R2 also perform very well with value of 0.90. The model developed might be useful for decision making in water resources management and can be used to generate simulated time series of water depths, levels, discharges, and velocities in reaches where gauging measurements are not available with a desired space-time resolution (from meter/second to kilometer/month). Estimation of critical discharge value (1.973 m3s−1) for system equilibrium, based on the balance between losing and gaining sub-reaches of the river, is also made with a statistical significance at 95% for hydrologic years 2007–2010, period influenced by restrictions in groundwater withdrawals. The results of the present research are important for the proper and objective management of the scarce water resources on a watershed scale in Júcar River Basin, a complex case study representing semiarid climate, growing anthropogenic pressures, and complex river–aquifer interactions. The used approach of dynamic representation of the river–aquifer interactions as distributed source boundary condition in the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model might be applied in another study case on similar scale.
Analysis of RT-PCR examination from 60 patients contracted Covid-19
in Khanh Hoa province in the year 2020
Authors: Le Tan Phung , Nguyen Thai Binh , Nguyen Thanh Hien
Published: January 2023

Background: Covid-19 Pandemic that started in the end of year 2019 has brought the world into an ever
seen long lasting health and socio-economic crisis. This study aimed to explore primary characteristics of
RT-PCR examination in Covid-19 adult patients who were treated in Khanh Hoa Province in 2020. Materials
and method: This study collected laboratory examination data and related factors of 60 adult patients who
contracted Covid-19 in the year of 2020 in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Results: The results showed median
(IQR) of number of RT-PCR tests taken per patient was 10 (6-12) and there exist differences in this number
per patient among four hospitals in the province. Further, the test results in each patient showed repeated
positivity as well as consecutive positivity, and a high percentage (53.2%) of recurrent positivity (after the first
negative test). Conclusions: The numbers of test per patient were rather different among patients as well
as among four hospitals. The results of numerous and consecutive positivity as well as recurrent positivity
suggested a persistent existence of SARS-CoV-2 in the patients’ respiratory system.
Key words: SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, recurrent positivity, RT-PCR, Khanh Hoa province
Diet and prey size preference in Razorbills Alca torda breeding at Stora Karlsö, Sweden
Authors: Engvall Emma , Waldenström Jonas , Hentati-Sundberg Jonas
Published: January 2023

The Razorbill Alca torda is one of three auk species breeding in Sweden, often occurring in colonies with Common Guillemot Uria aalge. The largest colony in the Baltic Sea is situated on the island Stora Karlsö west of Gotland. During the chick-rearing phase, Razorbills forage at sea and return to feed the young with single or multiple prey carried sideways in the bill, unlike Common Guillemots that carry a single fish in the middle of the bill. Clupeids, especially sprat Sprattus sprattus, are the main prey of Baltic Sea Razorbills, but studies are scarce. Here, we investigate the diet preference of Razorbills at Stora Karlsö with regard to prey taxonomy and size, analysing photographs and applying morphometric equations. We show that most feeding attempts involved a single clupeid (88% of known fish taxonomy), in most cases likely sprat. The average prey size (115 mm) and prey species was similar to that of Common Guillemots in the same colony. The variation in size was much smaller in the Razorbill diet than the size distribution of clupeids at sea, indicating a strong prey size selectivity. The Razorbills’ high specialisation underlines the importance of maintaining strong populations of clupeids in their foraging area, as these fish are also targeted by industrial fisheries.
Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy Associated With Biphasic Phosphate Calcium on Bone Repair: A Histomorphometric Study in Rats
Authors: De Marco Andréa Carvalho , Cavassini Torquato Letícia , Camacho Ribeiro Tatiana , Moretto Nunes Camilla , Vicensotto Bernardo aniella , Martins Maciel Clarissa Carvalho , Alberto Pereira Kauê , Neves Jardini Maria Aparecida , Pedrine Santamaria Mauro
Published: January 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy associated with biphasic calcium phosphate on calvaria critical defects in rats. Methods: Forty-eight (90 days old) adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Albinus variation, Wistar) received critical defects of 5 mm in diameter, which were made on their skull, and they were randomly assigned into the following groups: C-blood clot, B-biphasic calcium phosphate, L-photobiomodulation therapy, and B + L-biphasic calcium phosphate + photobiomodulation therapy. A low-level a gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser was applied in a single dose during surgery, in a wavelength of 660 nm and total energy density of 45 J/cm2. On 30th and 60th days, the animals from each group were euthanized. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: In 30 days, almost all specimens (C, L, B and B + L) showed bone neoformation areas in regions near the borders of the surgical defect. In 60 days, in many specimens (C, L, B, B + L), it was possible to see a narrow neoformed bone structure along almost the whole extension of the surgical defect, though it was thinner than the original calvary bone. Data were recorded as mean ± standard deviation, and after normality was tested, a suitable statistical test was applied (α = 5%). On day 60, there was a statistically significant difference when comparing the proportion of neoformation area between group L (0.52% ± 0.13) and group B + L (0.20% ± 0.08). Group L showed a difference compared with all the groups when we compared the remaining distance between the edges of neoformed bone (C × L, P = 0.0431; B × L, P = 0.0386; L × B + L, P = 0.0352), demonstrating a great defect closure. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that although biphasic calcium phosphate exerts some osteogenic activity during bone repair, PBM therapy is not able to modulate this process.
Investigation into Chronic Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Effect on Gene Expression Profile of Human HUVECs Cells
Authors: Ansari Mojtaba , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Hamzeloo-Moghadam Maryam , Razzaghi Mohhamadreza , Arjmand Babak , Zamanian Azodi Mona , Khodadoost Mahmood , Okhovatian Farshad
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Understanding the molecular mechanism of chronic low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) effects on the human body is the subject of many research studies. Several aspects of cell function such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis are affected by LDIR. Detection of the main biological process that is targeted by LIDR via network analysis is the main aim of this study. Methods: GSE66720 consisting of gene expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (a suitable cell line to be investigated), including irradiated and control cells, was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined and analyzed via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to find the central individuals. The main cell function which was related to the central nodes was introduced. Results: Among 64 queried DEGs, 48 genes were recognized by the STRING database. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), Melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein α (CXCL1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were introduced as hub nodes.Conclusion: Findings indicate that inflammation is the main initial target of LDIR at the cellular level which is associated with alteration in the other essential functions of the irradiated cells.
Therapeutic Effects of Combination Therapy and Photobiomodulation Therapy on Retinal Regeneration
Authors: Ahrabi Behnaz , Omidvari Samareh , Mollazadeh Ghomi Shamim , Ahmady Roozbahany Navid , Vafaei-Nezhad Saeed , Shirazi Tehrani Atefeh , Abbaszadeh Hojjat Allah , Darabi Shahram
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Many systemic and ocular diseases cause macular edema (ME). Macular edema is seen in two primary forms; the first is diffuse thickening of the macula, and the other is a macula with a distinct petaloid (cloverleaf) appearance called cystoid macular edema. Macular edema has a known role in the reduction of visual equity, and many options have been proposed for the reversal of this condition. Methods: Articles on the effects of macular laser grid photocoagulation on diabetic macular edema (DME) or cystoid macular edema published between 2000 and 2022 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used for the search: "macular laser photocoagulation", "macular edema", "cystoid macular edema", "intravitreal pharmacotherapies", and "antivascular endothelial growth factor". Two hundred nineteen articles were found in google scholar and 165 articles in PubMed, and a total of 58 articles were included in the study after applying the exclusion criteria. Results: We investigated the effects of various lasers photocoagulation such as Focal and/or grid macular laser, subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL), as well as intravitreal pharmacotherapies with triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone, and extended released intraocular implants such as Ozurdex, Retisert, Iluvien, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors such as bevacizumab (Avastin), Eyela, and Lucentis. Corticosteroids were more effective than lasers, although some researchers have found that lasers and combined lasers and corticosteroids are more effective. In addition, some studies have shown that the frequency and concentrations of intravitreal pharmacotherapies are effective in increasing visual outcomes.Conclusion: The results of the studies showed that the combined intravitreal corticosteroids are much more effective in improving visual acuity (VA) than a single corticosteroid, and the low concentration of the drug is safer. Still, corticosteroids have side effects such as increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Therefore, combining the medication with a laser is much more reasonable than each alone. Also, the subthreshold photocoagulation laser (670 nm) is better at reducing the central macular thickness (CMT) and improving VA than the micro pulse yellow laser and pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP).
The Combined Effects of a Methacrylate Powder Dressing (Altrazeal Powder) and Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Healing of a Severe Diabetic Foot Ulcer in a Diabetic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Derakhshan Roya , Ahmadi Houssein , Bayat Mohammad , Mehboudi Leila , Pourhashemi Erfan , Amini Abdollah , Vatandoust Dorsa , Aghamiri Shahin , Asadi Robabeh , Sabet Babak
Published: January 2023

Weakened wound healing is a popular, severe complication of patients with diabetes which poses a risk for foot infection and amputation. Researchers have searched for new treatments for treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in recent years. In this case report, for the first time, we applied photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and Altrazeal powder together to treat a severe case of DFU in a 47-year-old woman who was suffering from type 1 diabetes. Along with the progress of combination therapy, we observed that the ulcer area was significantly reduced, and the wound healed within 16 weeks. Furthermore, dermatitis and purulent secretion were treated, and the pain was reduced. This reported case study indicated the beneficial effect of the combination of PBMT and Altrazeal powder for the healing of a severe DFU in a patient with type one diabetes. The combined application of PBMT plus Altrazeal powder demonstrated an additive effect. Further clinical trials in the clinical setting are suggested to validate the results further. Besides, more studies in preclinical models are suggested to find the mechanism of the action of combination therapy.
Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Radiodermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review
Authors: Ramos Rocha Suzy , Costa Ferreira Suzana Aparecida da , Ramalho Aline , Conceição Gouveia Santos Vera Lúcia , Cristina Nogueira Paula
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Radiodermatitis (RD) is the most common side-effect of radiation therapy, yet its prevention and treatment through photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have demonstrated promising results. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence concerning the use of PBMT in managing RD among breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.Methods: This is a systematic review with no time restrictions, based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), including such databases as PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: female participants over 18 years of age and females having breast cancer and undergoing radiation therapy using a three-dimensional technique or an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the report was described based on PRISMA guidelines.Results: Red and infrared wavelengths were used. Device power ranged from 1.1 W to 0.08 W for continuous modes and 25 W for pulsed mode, resulting in a 3 and 4 J/cm2 fluence, applied throughout radiation therapy, leading to a reduced severity in cutaneous reactions.Conclusion: PBMT can reduce the severity of RD. New clinical trials are required to standardize protocols, given the scarcity of studies for the adopted site and methodological diversity.
The Effect of Eggshell and Seashell Nanoparticles Alone and Combined With Nd: YAG Laser on Occlusion and Remineralization Potential of Patent Dentinal Tubules: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hussein Fatma , Imam Hisham
Published: January 2023

Introduction: There is an interest in developing materials with bioactive potential that could block exposed dentinal tubules. This study compared the effects of eggshell and seashell nanoparticles individually or combined with ND:YAG laser on dentinal tubules occlusion and remineralization. Methods: Fifty radicular dentin discs were prepared from freshly extracted human premolars. The smear layer created by cutting was removed using 37% phosphoric acid gel for 15 sec. The discs were divided into five groups according to the applied treatment(A) (n = 10 each): (A1) control, (A2); Nano eggshells, (A3); Nano seashells, (A4); Nano eggshells + Nd: YAG Laser, and (A5); Nano sea shell + Nd: YAG Laser. Each specimen was evaluated for tubular patency and mineral contents before and after each therapy using ESEM-EDXA energy dispersive spectroscopy for the assessment of tubule occlusion and remineralization. Results: ESEM results revealed a statistically significant decrease in the mean percent changes of the dentinal tubules number after the treatment of the experimental groups compared to the control. The greatest percent decrease was recorded in the seashell NPs + Nd: YAG laser, followed by the eggshell NPs + Nd: YAG laser, then Eggshell NPs only and then Seashell NPs only, while the lowest percentage decrease was recorded in the control group. EDXA revealed that the greatest percentage increase in Ca wt% was recorded in the Eggshell + Nd:YAG laser group, followed by Eggshell only, then Seashell only and then Seashell NPs + Nd: YAG laser, while the lowest percent increase was recorded in the control group. The post hoc test revealed no significant difference between the experimental groups. Conclusions: Both eggshell and seashell nanoparticles are effective in the occlusion and remineralization of dentinal tubules. The combined treatments with Nd: YAG laser had no benefits when compared to the effect of treatments alone.
Systemic Photodynamic Therapy With Chlorine e6 as a Photosensitizer for the Treatment of Nodular BCC: A Case Report
Authors: Mansuri Parvin , Tabaie Seyed Mehdi , Naderi Mina Sadat , Kebriti Katayoun , Esmaeeli Djavid Gholamreza , Shirkavand Afshan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a demonstrated therapeutic method for basal cellcarcinoma (BCC), which is the most common human cancer. Here, we present a case report about systemic PDT with chlorine e6 as a photosensitizer (PS) for BCC treatment. Case Report: A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with a history of a 4-year nodular BCC in the nasal area. The patient was under control and treatment for hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Chlorine e6 was injected intravenously at a 0.08 mg/kg dosage in 500 cc normal saline within 20 minutes. Three hours after injection, laser irradiation was performed with a wavelength of 665 nm, a dosage of 150 J/cm2, and an irradiance value of 150 mW/cm2. His nodular BCC was completely cured without any side effects after one session of PDT with chlorine e6. Conclusion: Systemic PDT with chlorine e6 as a PS may be safe and effective in removing BCC lesions due to the data obtained in a two-month follow-up.
In Vitro Anti-tumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Saberi Sogol , Hakimiha Neda , Alaeddini Mojgan , Etemad-Moghadam Shahroo , Roudbari Payam , Shahabi Sima
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Due to the increasing prevalence and high mortality rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and problems with its routine treatments, more recent modalities like photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed. PDT effectively destroys tumor cells with minimum side effects. Research on in vitro effects of PDT may be helpful in determining the molecular mechanisms responsible for its effectiveness and can lead to the development of more efficient techniques. The aim of this study was to review the use of PDT in OSCC among in vitro studies. Methods: A literature search for English articles on PDT in OSCC was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Data were extracted based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, which were detailed using the PICO framework: all eligible in vitro studies evaluating the effects of PDT on the viability of OSCC compared to controls without PDT were included. Results: Forty-one out of 567 studies were selected. The tongue was the most common OSCC site, 5-aminolevulinic acid was the most used photosensitizer (PS), cell viability/toxicity and apoptosis were the most evaluated outcomes, and lasers with wavelengths of 600-700 nm were the most common light sources and wavelengths respectively. Conclusion: PDT showed promising effects on reducing the viability of OSCC cells. Cell lines from various sources or even those originating from the same location sometimes responded differently to the same protocol. Considering the favorable results obtained from natural PSs and regarding their additional health-promoting properties, their use in future investigations with different cell lines and light specifications is recommended.
Pulsed Laser Acupuncture in the Treatment of Pain and Heart Rate Variability in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Boggiss Érika Almeida , Rosário Rhaynara Coelho , de Lima Rosana Aparecida , Silva Paula Aparecida , Moreira Rosa Maria , da Silva Karol Priscila , de Farias Caroline Lima , dos Santos Vanessa de Queiroz , Simões Rodrigo Polaquini , Santos Adriana Teresa Silva , Terra Andréia Maria Silva Vilela
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Laser acupuncture (LA) is a medically approved treatment for chronic pain, especially fibromyalgia. It is widely known that all pain is related to autonomic modulation, which may influence heart rate variability (HRV). There are robust studies in the literature on the effect of LA with continuous frequency on musculoskeletal pain and autonomic modulation. However, little is known about the effect of pulsed frequency on fibromyalgia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether an individualized intervention protocol applying pulsed LA would provide benefits related to pain symptoms and cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: In this pilot randomized clinical controlled trial, the sample consisted of women with fibromyalgia between the ages of 40 and 80, randomized into two groups: a control group (CG; n=10) and an experimental group (EG; n=10). EG received the intervention twice per week for 3 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted by delta (difference between post-intervention and pre-intervention) and the Shapiro-Wilk test (normality). For comparison between the groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in pain intensity as reported via the pain numerical scale (PNS; P=0.00), generalized pain index (GPI; P=0.00), and symptom severity scale (SSS; P=0.00). There was no significant difference in any HRV variable (P>0.05). Conclusion: Pulsed LA, when applied in an individualized protocol, can reduce pain intensity, as reported on the PNS, GPI, and SSS. However, no therapeutic effect was observed for HRV.
Electromyographic Evaluation of Superior Orbicularis Oris Muscle Activity in Patients With Complete Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Before and After Vestibuloplasty Using Carbon Dioxide Laser Therapy
Authors: Yassaei Soghra , Aghili Hosseinagha , Salarpour Elahe , Dehghan Dehnavi Ali
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most typical congenital craniofacial anomalies. Post-surgical scars in cleft lip patients can cause shallow upper labial sulcus and reduced upper lip length. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of CO2 laser vestibuloplasty on the electromyographical (EMG) activity of patients’ superior orbicularis oris muscle, depth of labial sulcus, and upper lip length, and their satisfaction with the procedure and its results. The CO2 laser is an effective vestibuloplasty procedure, is safe and highly acceptable for patients, and has little effect on muscle contraction. Methods: A total of 15 cleft lip and cleft palate patients participated in this study. Vestibuloplasty was performed using carbon dioxide laser therapy in one session in such a way that EMG activity in the upper lip muscle, depth of labial sulcus, and upper lip length were measured two times: before (T0) and twenty days after surgery (T1). Patients’ satisfaction surveys were also recorded using a patient questionnaire at T1. Results: The mean values for vestibular depth at T0 and T1 were 2.00±1.71 and 4.52±1.43, respectively. The mean values for upper lip length at T0 and T1 were 6.90±2.32 and 8.00±2.40, respectively, suggesting a significant change in vestibular depth and upper lip length. The vestibular depth and upper lip length significantly increased at T1. The EMG recording of the upper lip muscle experienced a moderate decrease after laser treatment, both at rest and at maximum lip protrusion. Moreover, patients’ satisfaction with the surgical procedure was 82% positive. Conclusion: Using the CO2 laser increased the vestibular depth and upper lip length successfully and made small changes in the EMG activity of the superior orbicularis oris.
Impact of Blue Light Therapy on Wound Healing in Preclinical and Clinical Subjects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Albright Richard , Hamblin Michael R , Chien Sufan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: While a wound caused by a minor cutaneous incision routinely heals in a short time, wounds from major surgical operations might need numerous days to heal and may leave an obvious cicatrix. The use of blue light therapy (BLT) to destroy infectious microorganisms and disrupt biofilm formation could be an efficient method for healing ulcers. This systematic review focused on the effects of BLT in different preclinical in vivo studies and clinical models of skin wound healing. Furthermore, this study attempted to determine what main light parameters should be tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: The online databases PubMed.gov, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched using the keywords "blue light" and "wound healing" according to PRISMA guidelines. No publication time limit was enforced. Results: A total of 858 articles were identified, and 17 articles in three distinct categories were included for review. They comprised two articles on humans, fourteen articles on healthy animals, and one article on diabetic animals. Conclusion: Some studies have shown that the application of BLT on preclinical and clinical models of wound healing in vivo is able to significantly accelerate the healing process. Few studies, however, have explored the bactericidal effect of BLT on skin injury repair in burn patients. Further preclinical investigations designed to provide a better understanding of the bactericidal effect of BLT using standardized protocols, different BLT wavelengths, and different stages of the wound healing process of infected wounds and ulcers in healthy and diabetic animals should be carried out before clinical trials can be considered. BLT could eventually be a good option for treating infected chronic wounds, including those in diabetic patients.
The Effects of a 2-W Laser on the Nasolabial Fold of Ageing Individuals Investigated by High-Frequency Ultrasonography: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Omidi Parinaz , Ravanbod Roya , Sarhan Ghazi , Mokhtari-Dizaji Manijhe
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Biomechanical qualities of the skin tissue change following numerous pathological and natural (ageing) conditions. The best skin treatments are those resulting in a positive outcome with the fewest adverse effects. In this study, high-frequency ultrasonography (US), which provides a quantifiable scale, was utilized to evaluate the impact of a 2-W laser on characteristics of nasolabial fold (NLF) including depth and area, epidermis and dermis thicknesses, and Young’s modulus (YM). Methods: Nine female subjects (54.09±0.09 years old) with Fitzpatrick skin types III-IV and five young control participants (26±1.28 years old) for providing the control data were included in this study. Laser therapy was applied twice weekly for seven consecutive sessions. A class IV laser with 810-nm and 980-nm wavelengths, 2-W power, and 25-Hz frequency was applied twice a week for seven consecutive sessions. The energy administered had a density of 8 J/cm2 . An evaluation using high-frequency ultrasound (40 MHz) was accomplished before and 48 hours after the final treatment session. The Face-Q questionnaire was used to assess the patient’s perspective on this procedure. Results: For each US parameter, the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC>0.9). After the laser treatment, NLF depth, area, epidermis, dermis, YM, and Face-Q significantly improved compared to baseline (P<0.05). Conclusion: For the assessment of skin tissue, high-frequency US is a reliable technique. The 2-W laser is a safe, effective, and non-invasive procedure for enhancing skin features.
Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Sperm Motility: A Narrative Review
Authors: Poorhassan Mahnaz , Gholaminejhad Morteza , Ahmadi Houssein , Mehboudi Leila , Chahar Kameh Mahdis , Pirani Maryam , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza
Published: January 2023

About 50% of infertility problems are related to male factors and reduced sperm motility. The important factor that affects the structure and function of sperm is reactive oxygen species (ROS), and over-concentration of ROS reduces the quality and motility of sperm. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is useful in oxidative stress restoration. It plays a therapeutic role in disorders such as asthenospermia, oligospermia cases, and cryopreserved sperm. It also enhances the metabolic capacity of sperm and increases the low-level and non-harmful intracellular content of Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO), and ROS in the stressed cells. Likewise, it modulates survival intracellular pathways and maintains the motility, viability, DNA, and acrosome integrity of sperm. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of semen PBMT.
Introducing BDNF and SNAI1 as the Crucial Targeted Genes by UV Radiation
Authors: Mansouri Vahid , Arjmand Babak , Hamzeloo-Moghadam Maryam , Razzaghi Zahra , Khodadoost Mahmood , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Rezaei Tavirani Majid , Ahmadzadeh Alireza
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Due to widespread penetration of UV radiation in human life, the biological effect of UV radiation is studied through many investigations in the field of medicine. There are many assessments about UV radiation which are concerned with protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. In the present study, a network analysis associated with the complementary evaluation of UV radiation on human primary melanocytes is presented. Methods: The gene expression profiles of the irradiated human primary melanocytes and the control cells were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and were evaluated via PPI network analysis and action map assessment. Results: 69 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in the main component of the PPI network. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), SNAI1, and SOCS1 were highlighted as the top dysregulated and hub genes. Results indicate that BDNF and SNAI1 participate in the regulatory unit including the total hubs and top dysregulated genes. Conclusion: Considerable down-regulation of BDNF and up-regulation of SNAI1 as the two critical targeted genes by UV radiation are accompanied by gross alteration in cell functions.
Proposing a Seamless Learning Experience Design (SLED) Framework Based on International Perspectives of Educators from Five Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Hambrock Helga , De Villiers Frelet
Published: January 2023

Since seamless learning (SL) is still a rather unknown concept in higher education many educators classify it under the same categories as mobile, blended, online or hybrid learning. The purpose of this study is first to clarify the historical evolvement of the seamless learning concept over the past decades and, to position the seamless learning concept as it is understood today. Secondly, to find the most important concepts which can be proposed for a useful seamless learning experience design framework to assist educators with their course design. Considering this context, the research question for this study is formulated as follows: “Which concepts constitute a seamless learning experience design framework for students in higher education?” To answer this question, an inductive qualitative research analysis was conducted by collecting data from educators from countries on five continents on their views on this topic. Following a thematic coding approach of the combined dataset, five emerging themes crystallised, and are presented as part of a proposed Seamless Learning Experience Design (SLED) framework. They include core, positive, practical, human and design concepts – including sub-themes. The framework contributes to quality assurance processes in e-learning practices by providing a tool for developing seamless learning experiences for students.
INVESTIGATION OF THE REGULARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF THE MICROPROFILE OF THE TREATED SURFACE DURING HONING WITH PRELIMINARY CRYOGENIC TREATMENT
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Yvon Nkeoua J. A. , Chigirinsky Yu. L. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Kursin O. A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Zhdanov A. A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: January 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the regularities of the formation of the microprofile of the treated surface during honing with preliminary cryogenic treatment. The dependence of surface roughness on processing modes during honing with preliminary cryogenic treatment of products from low-carbon steels has been studied. Mathematical models of these processes in the form of regression equations are obtained. Empirical curves of dependencies of the roughness parameter Ra are constructed using the Microsoft Excel 9.0 application package and the MathCAD 15.0 package.
PECULIARITIES OF EVALUATION OF RIB RECONFIGURATION OF ADAPTIVE WING PRODUCED USING ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Vetlitsyn M. Yu. , Vetlitsyn Yu. A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Makarova E. A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of research on the adaptive wing rib prototype built using additive technologies. Based on the results of the study of product reliability in the course of test tests, a mathematical analysis of the probability of occurrence of unacceptable reconfiguration deviations in various operating modes was performed.
ChatGPT for Good? On Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Education
Authors: Kasneci Enkelejda , Seßler Kathrin , Küchemann Stefan , Bannert Maria , Dementieva Daryna , Fischer Frank , Gasser Urs , Groh Georg , Günnemann Stephan , Hüllermeier Eyke , Krusche Stephan , Kutyniok Gitta , Michaeli Tilman , Nerdel Claudia , Pfeffer Jürgen , Poquet Oleksandra , Sailer Michael , Schmidt Albrecht , Seidel Tina , Stadler Matthias , Weller Jochen , Kuhn Jochen , Kasneci Gjergji
Published: January 2023

Large language models represent a significant advancement in the field of AI. The underlying technology is key to further innovations and, despite critical views and even bans within communities and regions, large language models are here to stay. This position paper presents the potential benefits and challenges of educational applications of large language models, from student and teacher perspectives. We briefly discuss the current state of large language models and their applications. We then highlight how these models can be used to create educational content, improve student engagement and interaction, and personalize learning experiences. With regard to challenges, we argue that large language models in education require teachers and learners to develop sets of competencies and literacies necessary to both understand the technology as well as their limitations and unexpected brittleness of such systems. In addition, a clear strategy within educational systems and a clear pedagogical approach with a strong focus on critical thinking and strategies for fact checking are required to integrate and take full advantage of large language models in learning settings and teaching curricula. Other challenges such as the potential bias in the output, the need for continuous human oversight, and the potential for misuse are not unique to the application of AI in education. But we believe that, if handled sensibly, these challenges can offer insights and opportunities in education scenarios to acquaint students early on with potential societal biases, criticalities, and risks of AI applications. We conclude with recommendations for how to address these challenges and ensure that such models are used in a responsible and ethical manner in education.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSVERSAL COMPETENCES IN DUAL TRAINING IN THE DEGREE IN BA
Authors: Beraza Garmendia José María
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this work is to know the perception of the Dual Itinerary graduates in the degree in Business Administration and Management on the development of transversal competencies, in order to contrast if these students really acquire the competencies established in the Degree Report to the same extent as the rest of the graduates in Business Administration and Management. To this end, a survey has been carried out with students participating in this Itinerary and other non-participating students, and it has been identified whether there are differences or not between both groups in the development of these competencies. The results show that, in general, students taking the Dual Itinerary value to a greater extent the importance of the transversal competencies of the degree for their professional future and consider that the degree in Business Administration and Management contributes to a greater extent to their development, in particular, analytical thinking and critical reflection, the application of acquired knowledge to work (and decision making), the making of reasoned judgments based on the data obtained and the development of learning skills to acquire a high degree of autonomy.
IMAGE EVALUATION METHOD FOR ROTARY TILLAGE OPERATION QUALITY
Authors: SUN Xiudong , WANG Yong , CHEN Yusong , SHEN Renyuan , GENG Changxing
Published: January 2023

In the scene of paddy field rotary tillage, a real-time detection method of rotary tillage condition based on machine vision is proposed, and the quality of rotary tillage is evaluated by the index of residual stubble. The residual root stubble is selected as the research object, and the root stubble detection method based on the standard deviation of Y component in YCrCb space is proposed to determine the residual root stubble of soil after rotary tillage, which is divided into three levels: less root stubble, medium root stubble, and more root stubble. Finally, the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by field test and questionnaire survey. On the basis of manual evaluation, the accuracy rate of the working condition is 83.6 %, which provides a more accurate basis for the real-time adjustment of the control strategy for the unmanned operation of agricultural machinery in the field, and realizes the rotary tillage quality from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation, and lays the foundation for the data of rotary tillage quality.
RESEARCH OF GLOBAL ENERGY TRENDS AIMED AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE ENERGY COMPLEXES
Authors: Dzyuba A.P. , Semikolenov A.V.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the study of modern trends in the development of the global fuel and energy complex with the identification of features and key areas that determine the nearest policy in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency improvement. The materials analyze the dynamics of changes in demand for consumption of various types of energy resources, changes in the structure of the world energy balance, emphasizing the continuing low level of energy efficiency in many countries of the world. Taking into account the significant amount of investments in renewable energy development technologies, the high growth rates of installed capacity of power plants operating on renewable energy sources over the past decade, as well as the high rates of global growth in demand for electricity consumption, one of the key areas in improving the efficiency of the global fuel and energy complex will be the use of distributed generation, including among those operating on the basis of renewable energy sources. Integration of technologies of small distributed generation with modern technologies of energy consumption management at the level of final consumption, such as management, demand for electricity and natural gas consumption and the formation of active energy complexes on the basis of industrial enterprises, will be full-fledged participants in the circulation of energy resources in Unified energy systems and Unified gas supply systems of the future.
MARKETING ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES AS AN OBJECT OF CHANGE
Authors: Berkutova T.A. , Mishchenkova O.V. , Yakimovich B.A.
Published: January 2023

In the conditions of the formation of technological independence of Russia, the most important task is to ensure the market orientation of the production capabilities of domestic enterprises. The dynamic nature of the external environment of enterprises implies constant changes in the criteria of competitiveness and efficiency in their activities, which leads to the emergence of new business goals, new tools and methods of work, changes in the ownership structure, relationships, the development of new functions and directions, diversification and integration. Changing business goals requires the transformation of the marketing activity of the enterprise - the integration of marketing into the strategic management system, the creation of business value factors, the formation of market partner assets, the development of new directions, what makes the task of researching the marketing activities of an industrial enterprise as an object of change relevant. The article is devoted to the systematization of the objects of changes in the marketing activities of enterprises. The methodological basis is the traditional methods of scientific analysis, methods of economic and mathematical statistics, technical, economic and logical analysis, systematization and ranking. The systematization of objects and spheres of changes in the marketing activities of enterprises has been carried out. The presented systematization of the objects of changes in the marketing activities of enterprises allows us to develop general conceptual provisions of the methodology for managing changes in marketing activities, to specify the process of managing changes in order to increase the effectiveness of marketing activities directly at the enterprise.