A PHM implementation frame work for MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships) based on RAM (Reliability Availability Maintainability)
Authors: Tobyrussell  , Niculita Octavian 
Published: June 2024

The paper focuses on PHM in the maritime industry, specifically on the maintenance of uncrewed vessels, in contrast to the more commonly discussed navigation. The paper examines the potential challenges of removing the maintenance crew and the potential benefits that can result from this major change in operations.The removal of the primary maintenance team from a vessel necessitates an increase in monitoring and analysis that can be realised by the techniques of PHM. By looking from the perspective of stakeholders, the challenges and opportunities of PHM implementation become clearer. In comparing the challenges that faced other industries with the maritime industry, roadmaps and proposals can be drawn up for vessel owners. There is a correlation between the phased removal of the engineering crew and the increases in monitoring that is required. Current large vessels that do not carry passengers can operate with UMS (un-manned machinery space) for limited periods. To allow this a specific set of sensors referred to as E0 (Engineers-zero) must be established and maintained. This E0 sensor set forms the basis for what is needed to allow UMS for longer periods of time. The critical equipment, as deemed by class societies, is monitored by E0. Acquiring the data from the E0 sensor set and performing PHM analysis on the data allows remote engineers to accurately determine the current and future state of critical equipment. This equipment list needs to be expanded. Causality based risk modelling is employed to establish a data driven critical equipment list and minimum sensor set to cover the maximum amount of failure modes. This builds on the current required E0 sensor set.With a conventional maintenance system onboard a vessel the crew are doing a lot of the sensing. The crew act as intermediaries between various systems, taking data from one system to help diagnose another system, making a change to one system to help improve another system. The maintenance crew must balance the interfaces of each system so that a harmony or equilibrium can be achieved. This balancing act is part of what makes a PHM study on a vessel so interesting. Many systems onboard a vessel have a sole purpose to support the crew. With the removal of the crew these support systems can also be removed, simplifying the overall engineering of the vessel.The methodology that has been used to assess the above points is to create a framework for the design and deployment of PHM to marine assets. The framework relates to RAM (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) and considers stakeholder points of view and their inputs’ implications. In developing the framework, the stakeholder group is realised. The framework compares the ‘As-Is’ conventional method against the proposed PHM framework. The conclusions are that the E0 philosophy can be expanded upon to facilitate the integration of PHM. Also, the paper concludes that a PHM deployment framework gives the maritime industry a basis for using this modern technique for machinery health. Lastly, the paper shows that PHM is a vital element to uncrewed vessels.