bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nahtlos im Gesamtverbund
Authors: Meißler Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Wenn die Kombination aus dem Standardbaukasten nicht richtig passt, dann ist der Maßanzug gefragt. Bei AERZEN sind es individuell konzipierte Druckluftlösungen, die im Mittelpunkt des Auftritss bei der Comvac standen. Ein in Hannover gezeigtes Beispiel für die Spezialisierung aus dem Produktstandard heraus sind die zweistufigen AERZEN‐Verdichter der Baureihe 2C mit ihrer hohen funktionalen Anpassungsfähigkeit auch für unterschiedliche Antriebs‐ und Steuerungskonzepte.
Trockenschrauber
Authors: Angenendt Christoph
Published: May 2019

Die Division Industrial Vacuum von Atlas Copco bringt mit der DHS 065‐200 VSD+ eine neue Trockenschrauben‐Vakuumpumpe auf den Markt. Die Pumpe bietet Anwendern vor allem niedrigere Lebenszykluskosten, höhere Produktivität, einen geringen Energieverbrauch sowie einfache Wartungsmöglichkeiten.
Druckluftaufbereitung ohne Kompromisse
Authors: Strack Norbert
Published: May 2019

„Druckluftaufbereitung ohne Kompromisse“ versprach Beko Technologies den Besuchern der ComVac in Hannover. Das Neusser Unternehmen legt einen Schwerpunkt auf individuelle Anforderungen und Bedürfnisse von Produzenten unterschiedlicher Branchen. „Mit flexiblen Lösungen sorgen wir dafür, dass diese immer mit der für ihren Prozess passenden Druckluftqualität arbeiten“, sagt Norbert Strack, einer der beiden Geschäftsführer.
Ferret brain possesses young interneuron collections equivalent to human postnatal migratory streams
Authors: Ellis Justin K. , Sorrells Shawn F. , Mikhailova Sasha , Chavali Manideep , Chang Sandra , Sabeur Khalida , Mcquillen Patrick , Rowitch David H.
Published: May 2019

The human early postnatal brain contains late migratory streams of immature interneurons that are directed to cortex and other focal brain regions. However, such migration is not observed in rodent brain, and whether other small animal models capture this aspect of human brain development is unclear. Here, we investigated whether the gyrencephalic ferret cortex possesses human‐equivalent postnatal streams of doublecortin positive (DCX+) young neurons. We mapped DCX+ cells in the brains of ferrets at P20 (analogous to human term gestation), P40, P65, and P90. In addition to the rostral migratory stream, we identified three populations of young neurons with migratory morphology at P20 oriented toward: (a) prefrontal cortex, (b) dorsal posterior sigmoid gyrus, and (c) occipital lobe. These three neuronal collections were all present at P20 and became extinguished by P90 (equivalent to human postnatal age 2 years). DCX+ cells in such collections all expressed GAD67, identifying them as interneurons, and they variously expressed the subtype markers SP8 and secretagogin (SCGN). SCGN+ interneurons appeared in thick sections to be oriented from white matter toward multiple cortical regions, and persistent SCGN‐expressing cells were observed in cortex. These findings indicate that ferret is a suitable animal model to study the human‐relevant process of late postnatal cortical interneuron integration into multiple regions of cortex.
An intelligent trust model for hybrid DDoS detection in software defined networks
Authors: Gong Changqing , Yu Delong , Zhao Liang , Li Xiguang , Li Xianwei
Published: May 2019

Software Defined Networks (SDNs) have been extensively studied in recent years. The centralised and programmable controller also brings many security challenges. As a conventional attack with the purpose of destruction, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is still a threat for Software Defined Networks (SDNs). There is a lack of trust evaluation and management mechanism between the OpenFlow switches in SDNs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a trust evaluation and management model, namely, the Intelligent Trust Model (ITM). In this framework, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is applied to detect hybrid DDoS in Software Definition Networks (SDNs). Our model (ITM) can update the trust value of the OpenFlow switches in real time and respond quickly to different types of DDoS attacks. Compared with others, the experiment results show that our model can provide more efficient detection with high detection accuracy and low false positive rate for the hybrid DDoS attack. At last, in our proposal, OpenFlow switches with higher trust have a relatively higher priority. Therefore, we solve the flow conflict issue in the infrastructure layer.
A study on the evaluation of HPC microservices in containerized environment
Authors: Jha Devki Nandan , Garg Saurabh , Jayaraman Prem Prakash , Buyya Rajkumar , Li Zheng , Morgan Graham , Ranjan Rajiv
Published: May 2019

Containers are gaining popularity over virtual machines as they provide the advantages of virtualization with the performance of near bare metal. The uniformity of support provided by Docker containers across different cloud providers makes them a popular choice for developers. Evolution of microservice architecture allows complex applications to be structured into independent modular components making them easier to manage. High‐performance computing (HPC) applications are one such application to be deployed as microservices, placing significant resource requirements on the container framework. However, there is a possibility of interference between different microservices hosted within the same container (intracontainer) and different containers (intercontainer) on the same physical host. In this paper, we describe an extensive experimental investigation to determine the performance evaluation of Docker containers executing heterogeneous HPC microservices. We are particularly concerned with how intracontainer and intercontainer interference influences the performance. Moreover, we investigate the performance variations in Docker containers when control groups (cgroups) are used for resource limitation. For ease of presentation and reproducibility, we use Cloud Evaluation Experiment Methodology (CEEM) to conduct our comprehensive set of experiments. We expect that the results of evaluation can be used in understanding the behavior of HPC microservices in the interfering containerized environment.
Understanding Aggregation Induced Emission in a Propeller‐Shaped Blue Emitter
Authors: Stojanović Ljiljana , Crespo‐Otero Rachel
Published: May 2019

Organic fluorophores with an enhanced emission in the condensed phase have great potential for the design of optoelectronic materials. Several propeller‐shaped molecules show aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), in particular, silole derivatives have attracted wide attention because of their significant quantum yields in the solid state. In this contribution, we investigate the mechanism of AIE of a propeller‐shaped blue emitter: 1,2,3,4‐tetraphenyl‐1,3‐cyclopentadiene (TPC). We explore the excited state mechanism in the light of models most commonly used to explain it: restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM) and restricted access to the conical intersection (RACI). Our interpretation is supported by excited state dynamics simulations and the analysis of Huang‐Rhys factors and reorganisation energies. We quantify the effects of intermolecular interactions and exciton couplings. The mechanism for TPC is compared with previous investigations of analogue silole compounds. Our systematic investigation highlights the role of conical intersections on the nonradiative decay mechanisms and complementary descriptions provided by the RIM and RACI models.
Biorefinery via Achmatowicz Rearrangement: Synthesis of Pentane‐1,2,5‐triol from Furfuryl Alcohol
Authors: Simeonov Svilen P. , Ravutsov Martin A. , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: May 2019

A new scalable synthesis of pentane‐1,2,5‐triol from the furanics platform has been developed. Excellent yields of up to 92 % are obtained under flow conditions by using readily available catalysts from the existing pool. The strategy exploits the highly functionalized Achmatowicz product as a key intermediate, thus circumventing problems related to the low reactivity of the parent furfural and furfuryl alcohol. Besides expanding the portfolio of biomass‐derived C5 alcohols, this strategy may also be further applied for the establishment of a versatile bio‐based chemical platform.
Enhancing Visible‐Light Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Crystalline Carbon Nitride by Defect Engineering
Authors: Ren Wei , Cheng Jiajia , Ou Honghui , Huang Caijin , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Wang Xinchen
Published: May 2019

Crystalline carbon nitride (CCN)‐based semiconductors have recently attracted widespread attention in solar energy conversion. However, further modifying the photocatalytic ability of CCN always results in a trade‐off between high crystallinity and good photocatalytic performance. Herein, a facile defect engineering strategy was demonstrated to modify the CCN photocatalysts. Results confirmed that the obtained D‐CCN maintained the high crystallinity; additionally, the hydrogen production rate of D‐CCN was approximately 8 times higher than that of CCN. Particularly, it could produce H2 even if the incident light wavelength extended to 610 nm. The significantly improved photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the introduction of defects into the CCN polymer network to form the midgap states, which significantly broadened the visible‐light absorption range and accelerated the charge separation for photoredox catalysis.
Invertebrate biodiversity in cold groundwater fissures in Iceland
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Jónína H. , Þorbjörnsson Jóhann G. , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. , Ólafsson Jón S.
Published: May 2019

Iceland has an abundance of fissures that are parallel to the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge where bedrock cracks as a result of continental rifting. Some fissures penetrate the aquifer and expose the groundwater within the bedrock, becoming springs. As such, groundwater fissures have uniform and constant physical and chemical environment but they can differ greatly in morphology. In addition, there is often great variation in depth within fissures and substrate types contrast between vertical rock wall and more heterogenous horizontal bottom. The variation in morphological environment may create dissimilar habitats with unique characteristics and/or influence distribution of resources. Our objective was to study macrozoobenthos communities in cold groundwater fissures in Iceland in relation to physical habitat by comparing invertebrate diversity and density both between fissures with different morphological characteristics as well as between substrate types and depths within fissures. Samples were collected in two fissures in SW Iceland, Silfra and Flosagjá. Assemblages were similar between fissures except for higher densities of cladocerans in Flosagjá fissure. Within fissures, there was significant difference in Shannon diversity between substrate types in Flosagjá, and ostracods were found in significantly higher densities on the bottom. The distribution of all other taxa groups was homogenous in both fissures regardless of depth gradient and substrate. Invertebrates were found to be living within and around a biofilm that covered the entire substrate. These biofilm mats are made from Cyanobacteria and benthic diatoms, which are successful under low light conditions and may minimize any effect of the heterogeneous habitat creating a uniform and suitable microhabitat for invertebrates regardless of depth and substrate type.
Intra‐annual variation and landscape composition interactively affect aphid community composition
Authors: Claflin Suzi B. , Hernandez Natalie , Groves Russell , Thaler Jennifer S. , Power Alison G.
Published: May 2019

Agricultural intensification impacts local arthropod communities. The temporal and spatial variation of agricultural environments can have a significant impact on insect pest populations, yet little work has been done to date on the effect of intra‐annual variation (within season) or spatiotemporal effects on arthropod functional community composition. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of intra‐annual variation and landscape composition on the aphid community. To that end, we investigated the following research question: How do intra‐annual variation and landscape composition affect aphid abundance, species richness, and functional community composition? In this study, we quantified landscape composition as percent cropland, intra‐annual variation as sampling week measured throughout the growing season, and aphid functional community composition as crop virus transmission—or vectoring—ability. We collected data in two agricultural regions: a diversified agricultural region in New York State (NY) and an agriculturally intense potato‐growing region in Wisconsin (WI). We found that the interactive effect of landscape composition and intra‐annual variation significantly affected aphid abundance and species richness in both study regions, and functional community composition in NY. These results indicate that spatiotemporal shifts in agroecosystems have significant implications for aphid functional community composition.
Structural, Optical, and Thermal Properties of Cs2SnI6–xBrx Mixed Perovskite Solid Solutions
Authors: Yuan Guan , Huang Shengxuan , Qin Shan , Wu Xiang , Ding Hongrui , Lu Anhuai
Published: May 2019

Cs2SnI6‐xBrx (x = 0–6) solid solutions have been synthesized by chemical solid solution reaction in conjunction with sintering under vacuum. The Rietveld refinements of powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that all the samples are cubic, with a symmetry of Fm3m. The lattice parameter a decreases linearly as a function of the Br content in Cs2SnI6‐xBrx. Raman spectra suggest that the new Raman peaks might derive from the short‐range ordering of I/Br anions. The UV/Vis reflection spectra reveal a nonlinear trend of energy band gap (Eg) from 1.25 eV to 3.01 eV with increasing Br content. Hence the wide range of Eg of Cs2SnI6‐xBrx solid solutions are capable to overlay almost the entire visual spectrum. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results suggest that the thermal stability of Cs2SnI6‐xBrx increases gradually with increasing Br content. Cs2SnI6‐xBrx with the fine thermal stability and tunable Eg indicate high potential in the applications of solar cell devices.
Mechanisms and Stereoselectivities of NHC‐Catalyzed [3 + 4] Cycloaddition Reaction between Isatin‐Derived Enal and N‐(ortho‐Chloromethyl)aryl Amide
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: May 2019

Possible mechanisms and origins of stereoselectivity of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) promoted spirobenzazepinone formation from the annulation of an isatin‐derived enal and N‐(ortho‐chloromethyl)aryl amide have been investigated computationally. DFT results (M06–2X) suggest that the preferred mechanism consists of six steps: The nucleophilic coupling of the NHC catalyst and isatin‐derived enal was considered as the first reaction step (step I), followed by generation of the Breslow intermediate through a HCO3– assisted proton transfer event (step II). The next step is the addition of Breslow intermediate to N‐(ortho‐chloromethyl)aryl amide generating the acyl azolium intermediate (step III). Then the reaction proceeds through successive intramolecular cycloaddition (step IV), H2O‐mediated 1,3‐proton transfer (step V) and catalyst elimination (step VI) affording the [3+4] cycloaddition product. Step V plays a pivotal role in determining the stereoselectivity of the reaction and leads to the experimentally observed S‐configuration product. The DFT results account for the experimental observations. Global reactivity index analysis has also been conducted to identify the role of NHC catalyst.
Synthesis of 2‐Fluoroalkyl 4‐Substituted Azepanes
Authors: Masson Guillaume , Rioton Sarah , Gomez Pardo Domingo , Cossy Janine
Published: May 2019

Synthesis of di‐ and tri‐substituted fluoroalkylated azepanes was achieved by ring expansion of pyrrolidines via a regioselective attack of nucleophiles on a bicyclic azetidinium intermediate. A broad scope of azepanes, substituted at C4 and bearing a α‐trifluoromethyl, α‐difluoromethyl or α‐perfluorobutyl group, can be synthesized by this method by using a wide variety of nucleophiles.
A study on CSI feedback schemes exploiting feedforward information in FDD cellular systems
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Centenaro Marco , Tomasin Stefano , Benvenuto Nevio , Luo Xiliang , Yang Shaoshi
Published: May 2019

In frequency‐division duplexing systems, the downlink (DL) channel is usually estimated at the user terminal (UT) and then fed back to the base station (BS) with a limited number of bits. In this paper, we exploit the partial dependency of the uplink (UL) and DL channels to design a new channel‐state information (CSI) reporting procedure that splits the signaling overhead between UL and DL. In particular, the DL channel quantization at the UT is adapted to the UL channel estimated at the BS. The BS estimates and quantizes the UL channel, and then sends to the UT the quantization index as feedforward signaling. This index is used in turn by the UT to select the quantization codebook for the DL channel. Finally, the BS reconstructs the DL channel by either using only the feedback from the UT or merging it with its unquantized knowledge of the UL channel. The number of feedforward and feedback bits is fixed, and the proposed approach balances the signaling overhead between UL and DL. For a given average number of total signaling bits, it turns out that a variable‐length feedback signaling avoids the use of feedforward, while still providing the minimum mean‐square‐error DL channel estimate at the BS. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed fix‐rate and variable‐rate solutions in the scenario of the COST 2100 model.
Exploring the impact of analysis software on task fMRI results
Authors: Bowring Alexander , Maumet Camille , Nichols Thomas E.
Published: May 2019

A wealth of analysis tools are available to fMRI researchers in order to extract patterns of task variation and, ultimately, understand cognitive function. However, this “methodological plurality” comes with a drawback. While conceptually similar, two different analysis pipelines applied on the same dataset may not produce the same scientific results. Differences in methods, implementations across software, and even operating systems or software versions all contribute to this variability. Consequently, attention in the field has recently been directed to reproducibility and data sharing. In this work, our goal is to understand how choice of software package impacts on analysis results. We use publicly shared data from three published task fMRI neuroimaging studies, reanalyzing each study using the three main neuroimaging software packages, AFNI, FSL, and SPM, using parametric and nonparametric inference. We obtain all information on how to process, analyse, and model each dataset from the publications. We make quantitative and qualitative comparisons between our replications to gauge the scale of variability in our results and assess the fundamental differences between each software package. Qualitatively we find similarities between packages, backed up by Neurosynth association analyses that correlate similar words and phrases to all three software package's unthresholded results for each of the studies we reanalyse. However, we also discover marked differences, such as Dice similarity coefficients ranging from 0.000 to 0.684 in comparisons of thresholded statistic maps between software. We discuss the challenges involved in trying to reanalyse the published studies, and highlight our efforts to make this research reproducible.
Identification of deleterious germline CHEK2 mutations and their association with breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Kleiblova Petra , Stolarova Lenka , Krizova Katerina , Lhota Filip , Hojny Jan , Zemankova Petra , Havranek Ondrej , Vocka Michal , Cerna Marta , Lhotova Klara , Borecka Marianna , Janatova Marketa , Soukupova Jana , Sevcik Jan , Zimovjanova Martina , Kotlas Jaroslav , Panczak Ales , Vesela Kamila , Cervenkova Jana , Schneiderova Michaela , Burocziova Monika , Burdova Kamila , Stranecky Viktor , Foretova Lenka , Machackova Eva , Tavandzis Spiros , Kmoch Stanislav , Macurek Libor , Kleibl Zdenek
Published: May 2019

Germline mutations in checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), a multiple cancer‐predisposing gene, increase breast cancer (BC) risk; however, risk estimates differ substantially in published studies. We analyzed germline CHEK2 variants in 1,928 high‐risk Czech breast/ovarian cancer (BC/OC) patients and 3,360 population‐matched controls (PMCs). For a functional classification of VUS, we developed a complementation assay in human nontransformed RPE1‐CHEK2‐knockout cells quantifying CHK2‐specific phosphorylation of endogenous protein KAP1. We identified 10 truncations in 46 (2.39%) patients and in 11 (0.33%) PMC (p = 1.1 × 10−14). Two types of large intragenic rearrangements (LGR) were found in 20/46 mutation carriers. Truncations significantly increased unilateral BC risk (OR = 7.94; 95%CI 3.90–17.47; p = 1.1 × 10−14) and were more frequent in patients with bilateral BC (4/149; 2.68%; p = 0.003), double primary BC/OC (3/79; 3.80%; p = 0.004), male BC (3/48; 6.25%; p = 8.6 × 10−4), but not with OC (3/354; 0.85%; p = 0.14). Additionally, we found 26 missense VUS in 88 (4.56%) patients and 131 (3.90%) PMC (p = 0.22). Using our functional assay, 11 variants identified in 15 (0.78%) patients and 6 (0.18%) PMC were scored deleterious (p = 0.002). Frequencies of functionally intermediate and neutral variants did not differ between patients and PMC. Functionally deleterious CHEK2 missense variants significantly increased BC risk (OR = 3.90; 95%CI 1.24–13.35; p = 0.009) and marginally OC risk (OR = 4.77; 95%CI 0.77–22.47; p = 0.047); however, carriers low frequency will require evaluation in larger studies. Our study highlights importance of LGR detection for CHEK2 analysis, careful consideration of ethnicity in both cases and controls for risk estimates, and demonstrates promising potential of newly developed human nontransformed cell line assay for functional CHEK2 VUS classification.
Enhanced lateral resolution in continuous wave stimulated emission depletion microscopy using tightly focused annular radially polarized excitation beam
Authors: Lim Geon , Kim Wan‐Chin , Oh Seunghee , Lee Hyungsuk , Park No‐Cheol
Published: May 2019

The lateral resolution of continuous wave (CW) stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is enhanced about 12% by applying annular‐shaped amplitude modulation to the radially polarized excitation beam. A focused annularly filtered radially polarized excitation beam provides a more condensed point spread function (PSF), which contributes to enhance effective STED resolution of CW STED microscopy. Theoretical analysis shows that the FWHM of the effective PSF on the detection plane is smaller than for conventional CW STED. Simulation shows the donut‐shaped PSF of the depletion beam and confocal optics suppress undesired PSF sidelobes. Imaging experiments agree with the simulated resolution improvement.
RETRACTED: Downregulation of microRNA‐205 inhibits cell invasion and angiogenesis of cervical cancer through TSLC1‐mediated Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Fang , Liu Jian , Xie Bei‐Bei
Published: May 2019

Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological cancer and a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in women globally. Therefore, this study explores the action of microRNA‐205 (miR‐205) in the invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of CC through binding to tumor suppressor lung cancer 1 (TSLC1). Initially, the microarray analysis was used to select the candidate gene and the regulatory microRNA. Then, the target relationship between miR‐205 and TSLC1 as well as the expression of miR‐205, TSLC1, and p‐Akt/total Akt in CC cells were determined. Afterwards, CC cell invasion and migration were detected after the treatment of miR‐205 mimics/inhibitors and short hairpin RNA against TSLC1. After coculture of cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells, cell proliferation, tube formation, and microvessel density (MVD) were detected to determine the roles of miR‐205 in angiogenesis. Finally, tumor growth in nude mice was measured in vivo. TSLC1 was determined as the candidate gene, which was found to be targeted and negatively regulated by miR‐205. Then, downregulated miR‐205 or forced TSLC1 expression inhibited invasion, migration, and angiogenesis in CC, corresponding to suppressed cell proliferation, tube formation, and expression of IL‐8, VEGF, and bFGF, as well as the inhibited activation of the Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, downregulation of miR‐205 was found to exert an inhibitory role in tumor formation and MVD by elevating TSLC1 in CC in vivo. This study demonstrated that downregulated miR‐205 inhibited cell invasion, migration, and angiogenesis in CC by inactivating the Akt signaling pathway via TSLC1 upregulation.
Nasal or throat sampling is adequate for the detection of the human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infections
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoan , Russell Fiona M , Dance David AB , Vilivong Keoudomphone , Phommachan Souphatsone , Syladeth Chanthaphone , Lai Jana , Lim Ruth , Morpeth Melinda , Mayxay Mayfong , Newton Paul N , De Lamballerie Xavier , Dubot‐Pérès Audrey
Published: May 2019

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the most important causes of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in young children. HRSV diagnosis is based on the detection of the virus in respiratory specimens. Nasopharyngeal swabbing is considered the preferred method of sampling, although there is limited evidence of the superiority of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) over the less invasive nasal (NS) and throat (TS) swabs for virus detection by real‐time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). In the current study, we compared the three swabbing methods for the detection of HRSV by RT‐qPCR in children hospitalized with ARI at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos. In 2014, NS, NPS, and TS were collected from 288 children. All three samples were tested for HRSV by RT‐qPCR; 141 patients were found positive for at least one sample. Almost perfect agreements (κ > 0.8) between the swabs, compared two by two, were observed. Detection rates for the three swabs (between 93% and 95%) were not significantly different, regardless of the clinical presentation. Our findings suggest that the uncomfortable and technically more demanding NPS method is not mandatory for HRSV detection by RT‐qPCR.
Simulation modeling and interface parameter design of the semi‐physical braking intelligent test system
Authors: Ying Zhi Ding , Wan Guo Chun , Liu Wen Jing , Tong Mei Song
Published: May 2019

In order to adapt to the improvement of freight train braking technology, it is a good method to establish a semi‐physical braking intelligent test system, and the core technology of modeling and interface that supports the system is especially critical. Based on the above background, this paper is focus on the simulation modeling that reflects the braking performance characteristics of freight trains and designs the interface system that can be connected with the test equipment. Based on the analysis of the state equations of pressure gas during the braking process and the characteristics of fluid changes, this paper deduces a modular digital model of the braking machine that reflects the structural factors and the influencing factors of the process of fluid transfer. Then it combines the specific braking tests to verify the significance of the model and the effect of parameter changes on braking performance. The experimental results show the accuracy and feasibility of the modeling process, which provides a reference model establishing method and a research idea for the establishment of a more completed set of freight train braking system mathematical model. The design and implementation of this part of the technology also provide an important basis for the control part of the entire semi‐physical braking intelligent test system.
The “protected” glucose transport through the astrocytic endoplasmic reticulum is too slow to serve as a quantitatively‐important highway for nutrient delivery
Authors: Dienel Gerald A.
Published: May 2019

A novel mechanism involving “protected glucose trafficking” through the lumen of the astrocytic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was proposed by Müller et al. (Current Biology 28:3481, 2018) and highlighted by Pellerin (Current Biology 28:R1258, 2018) as a potential route for astrocyte‐neuron lactate shuttling. In their model, glucose is taken up from blood into astrocytic endfeet, phosphorylated, and some glucose‐6‐phosphate (Glc‐6‐P) is transported into the ER lumen where it is hydrolyzed by glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐β to produce glucose. The glucose then diffuses within the ER lumen through peripheral astrocytic processes (PAPs) to regions in close proximity to synapses where it is released to cytoplasm and metabolized to lactate and neurotransmitter precursors that can be shuttled to neurons. Experimental evidence supports aspects of this model, but essential components were not established. This commentary critically evaluates the Müller et al. study and discusses its weaknesses and intriguing aspects. Most important, the rate‐limiting step of the ER “protected highway,” transport of Glc‐6‐P into the ER, is extremely slow, on the order of 550‐3,700 times lower than glucose consumption by differentiated cultured astrocytes. Glucose diffusion through extracellular space to fuel neurons was not ruled out as an alternative mechanism. The ER glucose probes were not calibrated, and the ER luminal glucose reservoir size and flux of glucose through the ER are unknown. Effects of phosphatase knockdown are quite interesting and require further study. Glucose transport through a “protected intracellular highway” in the ER lumen is not quantitatively relevant to astrocytic glucose metabolism and is not energetically important.
Effect of ultrasonic and ball‐milling treatment on cell wall, nutrients, and antioxidant capacity of rose (Rosa rugosa) bee pollen, and identification of bioactive components
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Jiu‐liang , Zhou Qing , Wang Lin , Huang Wei , Wang Rui‐dan
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Bee pollen has been regarded as a complete nutritional human dietary supplement but its nutrient absorption and biological effects may be restricted by the complex pollen wall. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ultrasonic and ball‐milling treatment on the release of nutritional components and on in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of rose (Rosa rugosa) bee pollen.

RESULTS

Bee pollen walls were broken to varying degrees, nutrients were released, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of bee pollen were improved. The scavenging effects of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazolone‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were improved. In aging mice, wall‐breaking treatment led to better organ recovery, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) effects, and malondialdehyde (MDA) reduction. Eight compounds of rose bee pollen ethanol extract, including isorhamnetin 3‐O‐diglucoside and N′, N″, N‴‐dicaffeoyl p‐coumaroyl spermidine were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS) assay.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that ultrasonic treatment had greater wall‐disruption effects of bee pollen on nutrient release and antioxidant effect promotion. In conclusion, rose bee pollen, with wall‐breaking treatments, may have potential value as an ingredient in functional food processing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermochemistry and kinetics of the 2‐butanone‐4‐yl CH3C(=O)CH2CH2• + O2 reaction system
Authors: Sebbar N. , Bozzelli J. W. , Trimis D. , Bockhorn H.
Published: May 2019

Thermochemistry and kinetic pathways on the 2‐butanone‐4‐yl (CH3C(=O)CH2CH2•) + O2 reaction system are determined. Standard enthalpies, entropies, and heat capacities are evaluated using the G3MP2B3, G3, G3MP3, CBS‐QB3 ab initio methods, and the B3LYP/6‐311g(d,p) density functional calculation method. The CH3C(=O)CH2CH2• radical + O2 association reaction forms a chemically activated peroxy radical with 35 kcal mol−1 excess of energy. The chemically activated adduct can undergo RO−O bond dissociation, rearrangement via intramolecular hydrogen transfer reactions to form hydroperoxide‐alkyl radicals, or eliminate HO2 and OH. The hydroperoxide‐alkyl radical intermediates can undergo further reactions forming ketones, cyclic ethers, OH radicals, ketene, formaldehyde, or oxiranes. A relatively new path showing a low barrier and resulting in reactive product sets involves peroxy radical attack on a carbonyl carbon atom in a cyclic transition state structure. It is shown to be important in ketones when the cyclic transition state has five or more central atoms.
Total intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia in endoscopic sinus surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Phan Kevin , Oh Lawrence J.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Achieving optimal intraoperative surgical field visibility and minimizing blood loss are two important parameters in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare two total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and inhalational anesthesia (IA) to determine if either conferred superior outcomes of these and other parameters based on randomized control trials (RCTs) only.

Methods

The recommended Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed, and searches of electronic databases from inception to September 2018 identified 157 articles for screening. Data were extracted and analyzed using meta‐analysis of proportions.

Results

In total, we identified 15 RCTs that satisfied our selection criteria. There were 828 ESS cases described, with 391 (47%) and 437 (53%) being managed by TIVA and IA, respectively. Pooled analysis demonstrated significantly superior visibility scores for TIVA compared to IA based on 10‐point grading scores (P = 0.049, visual analog scale; P = 0.009, Wormald scale) and 5‐point grading scores (P = 0.002, Boezaart scale). Blood loss was significantly less following TIVA (P = 0.003), with no significant difference in intraoperative heart rate (P = 0.70) or mean arterial pressure (P = 0.96). Additionally, duration of surgery (P = 0.16) and anesthesia (P = 0.39) were comparable between the two approaches.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis indicates that TIVA has the potential to confer superior surgical field visibility and reduce intraoperative blood loss compared to IA in ESS. Currently, there are significant heterogeneity concerns in this meta‐analysis, which temper any expectations that either approach is absolutely superior to the other. Caution should be exercised when interpreting these results until further validation can be achieved.

Level of Evidence

1A

Laryngoscope, 130:575–583, 2020
Molecular Mechanism Study on Effect of Biodegradable Amino Acid Ester–Substituted Polyphosphazenes in Stimulating Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Huang Zhaohui , Yang Lika , Hu Xiaoqing , Huang Yiqian , Cai Qing , Ao Yingfang , Yang Xiaoping
Published: May 2019

Amino acid ester substituted polyphosphazenes are osteoactive benefiting from their phosphorus‐containing chemical structure, which highlights interests in bone tissue engineering. To correlate their chemical structures with cell activities, in this study, poly[(ethyl alanato)0.3(ethyl glycinato)0.7phosphazene] (PAGP) and poly[(ethyl phenylalanato)0.3(ethyl glycinato)0.7phosphazene] (PPGP) are synthesized to carry out studies on cell osteogenic differentiation. In the non‐contact culture manner, bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are cultured in transwell chambers containing PAGP or PPGP films, while the cells and the materials do not contact. In the contact culture manner, BMSCs are cultured on the PAGP or PPGP films. In the meantime, solutions containing PAGP or PPGP degradation products (i.e., phosphate, ammonium, and corresponding amino acids) are applied for cell culture using inorganic phosphate (Pi) ion as control. Thus, the influences from substrate surface and degradation products can be identified separately. The results reveal that both the phosphorus‐containing surface of PAGP and PPGP films and their degradation products play significant roles in regulating cell behaviors. In comparison with PAGP, PPGP seems able to provide relatively stable phosphorus‐containing surface to strengthen the cell‐scaffold interaction because of its slower degradation rate and higher Young's modulus, leading to greater promotion in osteogenic differentiation via contact effect.
Compact low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic filtering antenna array with high selectivity exploiting substrate integrated waveguide for 5G
Authors: Zhang Xiangjun , Yan Jia , Zhang Hao , Chen Yiming
Published: May 2019

In this study, a compact filtering 2 × 2 array antenna with high selectivity utilizing substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented. The proposed antenna structure is mainly composed of coplanar waveguide feeding structures, SIW filtering cavities, and four radiation patches by low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic technology. The designed antenna not only achieves the advantages of high selectivity but also realizes a miniaturized volume of 12 × 12 × 1.18 mm3. The simulated and measured results show that the filtering antenna achieves a center frequency of 28 GHz and has a 10.7% fractional bandwidth with a 10.8 dB antenna gain.
Remote afterloading patient‐specific brachytherapy with liquid radioisotope for irradiation of extensive scalp lesions: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Ryu Dongmin , Kim Jung‐in , Lee Sangmin , Ye Sung‐Joon , Park Jong Min
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study is to propose a remote afterloading patient‐specific brachytherapy technique for total scalp irradiation by utilizing liquid radioisotope as well as a three‐dimensional (3D) printer and to find an optimal radioisotope for the suggested technique.

Methods

We designed a brachytherapy device composed of liquid radioisotope tank, tube, patient‐specific applicator, and a thin flexible pouch. The liquid radioisotope tank, tube, and the flexible pouch are interconnected one another to constitute a closed loop system. The pouch is located inside the solid patient‐specific applicator; therefore, when the liquid radioisotope is injected into the pouch, the pouch is inflated and fills the space inside the applicator. The 3D‐printed patient‐specific applicator keeps the uniform thickness of the liquid radioisotope conforming patient's contour. To investigate an optimum condition for the suggested system, we performed Monte Carlo simulation with the GEANT4 simulation toolkit. To find the optimal radioisotope, percent depth doses (PDDs) of P‐32, Sr‐89, Y‐90, and I‐125 solutions were acquired in a rectangular parallelepiped phantom. For the selected radiation source, PDDs as well as dose rates in spherical phantoms with radii of 7.7 cm (infant head size) and 9.1 cm (adult head size) were acquired.

Results

To deliver prescription doses at 4‐mm depth regions (scalp region), 1‐mm‐thick Y‐90 and 5‐mm‐thick I‐125 in liquid form were found to be feasible for the suggested technique. For both spherical phantoms with radii of 7.7 and 9.1 cm, when delivering 2 Gy at the 4‐mm depth region with the 1‐mm‐thick Y‐90 and 5‐mm‐thick I‐125 sources, 53.3 and 3.8 Gy were delivered at the surface regions, respectively (delivery time = 111.1 and 3.5 min with 1 GBq/ml solutions). The PDDs of Y‐90 and I‐125 became less than 1% at depths greater than 8 and 50 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

The remote afterloading patient‐patient specific brachytherapy with I‐125 or Y‐90 in liquid form seems feasible for total scalp irradiation.
Advances in HDR Display Technology for Cinema Applications, Including Light‐Steering Projection
Authors: Ballestad Anders , Boitard Ronan , Damberg Gerwin , Stojmenovik Goran
Published: May 2019

Cinematic display solutions are catching up with consumer display technologies' capabilities in both brightness and contrast. However, a mainstream rollout of HDR in cinema requires a high‐performing and cost‐effective solution. In this article, the first of a two‐part series, the authors review solutions being developed and performance specifications suggested for HDR on the big screen.
The 2019 Display Industry Awards
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: May 2019

This year’s winners reflect the ever‐evolving display landscape, with products designed to support wearables, immersion, vehicles, augmented reality, personal productivity, and more.
ID Conversations
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: May 2019

With additive manufacturing technology that can be used to create very small, very thin structures, the Poland‐based startup XTPL SA hopes to change how high‐tech companies do business. That could bode well for the display industry.
Surgery for female SUI: The ICI algorithm
Authors: Kowalik Casey G. , Dmochowski Roger R. , De Elise J. B.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common in women and can significantly impact quality of life.

Methods

This is a review of the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) chapter analyzing level of evidence on surgical treatment of SUI as well as the consensus algorithm that resulted from the detailed work in the committee report as of April 2017. Included studies in this review were selected to highlight the algorithm for management.

Results

Non‐operative and surgical treatment options exist; conservative therapies comprise first line management, but if SUI remains bothersome, surgical treatment should be considered. Bulking agents offer a minimally invasive option with moderate short‐term success rates. The most commonly performed surgical treatments for SUI are mid‐urethral and pubovaginal slings, with high cure rates and patient satisfaction. Retropubic suspension is a more traditional but widely accepted procedure. Single incision sling, adjustable sling, or artificial urinary sphincter may be appropriate in carefully selected patients.

Conclusions

The choice of surgical procedure should be made only after a thorough discussion and shared decision between the patient and surgeon regarding risks, benefits, and alternatives. A trial of conservative therapy should be conducted where relevant. Referral to a specialist should be considered in women with a more complex presentation.
Optimal control of second‐order and high‐order descriptor systems
Authors: Zhang Liping , Zhang Guoshan , Liu Wanquan
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the optimal control problem of second‐order descriptor systems. The optimal control is characterized by using a new second‐order generalized Riccati equation, which is directly derived in terms of the original coefficient matrices of the system. Under some assumption conditions, applying matrix's singular value decomposition and matrix transformation, a nonlinear generalized Riccati matrix equation is transformed into a linear matrix equation, and the optimal control gain can be determined by solving the linear matrix equation. Furthermore, relevant results are also extended to the optimal control problems for the high‐order descriptor system. Finally, several simulation examples and the comparison with the existing linearization method are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed approach.
Severe therapy‐related toxicities after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma due to a pathogenic TERT variant and shortened telomeres
Authors: Agrusa Jennifer E. , Bertuch Alison A. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Plon Sharon E. , Eckstein Olive S.
Published: May 2019

Telomere biology disorders predispose affected individuals to specific malignancies and organ fibrosis in tissues sensitive to telomere length (TL) shortening, especially after exposure to chemotherapy and radiation. We report a case of a 17‐year‐old female with Hodgkin lymphoma who developed severe chemotherapy‐related toxicities. She was subsequently found to have peripheral blood lymphocyte TL < 1st percentile and a pathogenic variant in TERT inherited from her father. This case demonstrates that early genetic evaluation of patients who experience greater than expected therapy‐related toxicities may be warranted to help guide further decisions regarding therapy, imaging modalities, and lifelong cancer prevention surveillance.
Pan Proteome of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Isolates Contrasting in Virulence
Authors: Távora Fabiano T. P. K. , Santos Cristiane , Maximiano Mariana R. , Murad André M. , Oliveira‐Neto Osmundo Brilhante , Megias Esaú , Reis Junior Fábio B. , Franco Octávio L. , Mehta Angela
Published: May 2019

Fully sequenced genomes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strains are reported. However, intra‐pathovar differences are still intriguing and far from clear. In this work, the contrasting virulence between two isolates of Xcc ‐ Xcc51 (more virulent) and XccY21 (less virulent) is evaluated by determining their pan proteome profiles. The bacteria are grown in NYG and XVM1 (optimal for induction of hrp regulon) broths and collected at the max‐exponential growth phase. Shotgun proteomics reveals a total of 329 proteins when Xcc isolates are grown in XVM1. A comparison of both profiles reveals 47 proteins with significant abundance fluctuations, out of which, 39 show an increased abundance in Xcc51 and are mainly involved in virulence/adaptation mechanisms, genetic information processing, and membrane receptor/iron transport systems, such as BfeA, BtuB, Cap, Clp, Dcp, FyuA, GroEs, HpaG, Tig, and OmpP6. Several differential proteins are further analyzed by qRT‐PCR, which reveals a similar expression pattern to the protein abundance. The data shed light on the complex Xcc pathogenicity mechanisms and point out a set of proteins related to the higher virulence of Xcc51. This information is essential for the development of more efficient strategies aiming at the control of black rot disease.
Target validation: Weak selectivity of LY341495 for mGluR2 over mGluR4 makes glutamate a less selective agonist
Authors: McCullock Tyler W. , Kammermeier Paul J.
Published: May 2019

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are class C G protein coupled receptors with widespread expression in the central nervous system. There are eight mGluRs in the mammalian genome. Research on mGluRs relies on the availability of selective compounds. While many selective allosteric compounds have been described, selectivity of orthosteric agonists and antagonists has been more difficult due to the similarity of the glutamate binding pocket across the mGluR family. LY341495 has been used for decades as a potent and selective group II mGluR antagonist. The selectivity of LY341495 was investigated here between mGluR2, a group II mGluR, and mGluR4, a group III receptor, heterologously expressed in adult rat sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), which provides a null‐mGluR background upon which mGluRs were examined in isolation. The compound does in fact selectively inhibit mGluR2 over mGluR4, but in such a way that it makes signaling of the two receptors more difficult to distinguish. The glutamate potency of mGluR2 is about 10‐fold higher than mGluR4. 50 nmol L−1 LY341495 did not alter mGluR4 signaling but shifted the mGluR2 glutamate dose‐response about 10‐fold, such that it overlapped more closely with that of mGluR4. Increasing the LY341494 dose to 500 nmol L−1 further shifted the glutamate dose‐response of mGluR2 by another ~10‐fold, but also shifted that of mGluR4 similarly. Thus, while glutamate is a moderately selective agonist of mGluR2 over mGluR4 when applied alone, in the presence of increasing concentrations of LY341495, this selectivity of glutamate is lost.