bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the elastic modulus and internal friction temperature dependences for the fuel rods by the resonance method tested by the modernized high-temperature device in hot cell
Authors: Moshev A A , Rodko I I , Martynenko S P , Martynenko S S , Ableyev A N , Berestov A V , Yudin I A , Gerasimov D Yu
Published: January 2020

using the modernized high-temperature installation, the elastic characteristics and internal friction of the fuel rod shells were investigated in hot cell in order to update computer codes for WWER-1000 fuel rods. The elastic characteristics of the shell are analytically described and obtained a numerical shape factor of the first longitudinal frequency is calculated. There is description of new measuring units that provide data gathering by automatic or half-automatic mode. The elastic modulus and internal friction temperature dependences are determined by application of high-temperature modernized device that provides carrying out experiments at a temperature of 1160 K. Obtained effect could be interpreted by the crushing of the structure of the material.
Optical properties of nanopatch antennas based on plasmonic nanoparticles and ruthenium complex
Authors: Gritsienko A V , Kurochkin N S , Vitukhnovsky A G , Eliseev S P
Published: January 2020

In this work, a significant reduction (up to 7 ns) of the excited states lifetime of the Ru dye (with a decay time of 850 ns) in an inhomogeneous «aluminium – silver nano-prism system (nano-patch antenna, NPA)», as well as an increase in the photoluminescence emitter to 2-3 times. The increase in the spontaneous emission rate of this substance is caused by the Purcell effect. The Purcell coefficient for the emitter in the cavity with hexagonal silver particles was 120. This decrease in the spontaneous emission decay time in the nano-patch antenna configuration is associated with an increase in the local density of photon states in the plasmon resonator, which increases the probability of a spontaneous transition from the excited state of the emitter. The results obtained by shortening the spontaneous emission time and increasing the intensity of the emitter radiation in a nano-patch antenna show possible prospects for using quantum dots and individual molecules with shorter luminescence times in nano-patch antennas. Such nano-patch antennas can form the basis for creating compact high-speed optical devices. Modeling in the mathematical package Comsol Multiphysics showed that the maximum values of the Purcell factors can exceed 104 in the NPA.
Experimental study of cavity length influence on lasing characteristics Q-Switched Nd:YLF laser
Authors: Koromyslov A.L. , Tupitsyn I.M. , Cheshev E.A.
Published: January 2020

The influence of the resonator configuration on the temporal characteristics of Nd: YLF crystals laser generation in the region of frequency degeneracy of the transverse modes of a resonator operating in the Q-Switch mode is studied. It is shown that in the degeneracy regions, the pulse duration stretches, while the peak pulse amplitude and the pulse repetition period decrease.
Optimization of parameters of integrated optical waveguides based on thin-film Sol-gel structures by using mathematical modelling
Authors: Aliev S.A. , Pakhlavonova K.D. , Ravin A.R. , Trofimov N.S. , Chekhlova T.K.
Published: January 2020

An algorithm for calculating optical waveguide film parameters was proposed, the use of which makes it possible to reduce the time for processing experimental data. The developed algorithm was tested using experimental data of waveguides samples with a wave-guiding layer of zirconium dioxide sol-gel films. A comparison of the developed algorithm and the Wolfram Mathematica program showed a good agreement of the results, as well as the developed method advantage in terms of using ease and timesaving spent on processing the results.
Laser-assisted generation of elongated Au nanoparticles and analysis of their morphology under pulsed irradiation in water and CaCl2 solutions
Authors: Zhilnikova M I , Barmina E V , Shafeev G A
Published: January 2020

In this work we investigate the formation of elongated gold nanoparticles (NPs), which occurred by laser ablation of gold target in aqueous solutions containing CaCl2. In all our experiments Ytterbium fiber laser (wavelength at 1060-1070 nm, pulse width of 200 ns, pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz, pulse energy of 1 mJ) was used as a radiation source. In the present work first, laser-assisted formation of elongated Au nanoparticles by ablation of a solid Au (99, 99%) target in liquid was done using this laser source. Extinction spectra correlating with TEM images of the mentioned above nanoparticles show the appearance of absorption signal in red region and near IR-spectrum that corresponds to longitudinal plasmon resonance of electrons in elongated nanoparticles. Second, generated elongated Au nanoparticles were exposed to pulsed laser beam with different pulse energy and ablation time. The peculiarity of the experiments is the use of additives of bivalent cations. The experiments on irradiation of the gold target by laser ablation in liquid were carried out in water obtained by Milli-Q purification system with different concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl2). Extinction spectra show pronounced shift to red region in the absorption maximum with increasing concentration. Results of other experiments show that formation of elongated gold nanoparticles as chains is common process under laser ablation of the solid target in the presence of some divalent ions in water. The paper discusses the mechanisms of formation of elongated nanoparticles by laser ablation of solids depending on the concentration of divalent ions in the liquid and the time of laser exposure.
Research of post-processing approaches for parts obtained by the method of selective laser melting
Authors: Voznesenskaya A A , Kochuev D A , Chkalov R V , Kireev A V , Morozov V V
Published: January 2020

In this work, samples were obtained from the powder of heat-resistant steel by the method of selective laser melting. Samples were heat treated in a muffle furnace. Also, a number of samples were subjected to hot isostatic pressing. The microstructure of the formed material, pores and microcracks were detected by metallographic analysis. The graphs of the structural-phase composition of the powder material before and after melting, as well as after the post-processing methods were obtained Based on the data obtained, conclusions were made about the effect of thermal post-processing on changes in the nature of the distribution of defects and changes in the microstructure, as well as on changes in the structure-phase composition.
Artificial intelligence systems for doctors training
Authors: Druzhinina E A , Nikitaev V G , Pronichev A N , Shabalova I P , Selchuk V Yu , Dmitrieva V V , Polyakov E V , Dzhangirova T V , Mozerov S A
Published: January 2020

One of the most effective solutions of oncology problems is creation of artificial intelligence medical systems. Intelligent medical system is a collaboration product of doctors and IT specialists. This article reveals an approach to the creation of educational intelligent systems using the example of an intellectual teaching system for the cytological diagnosis of breast diseases. These systems are based on many years of doctor’s practice and improve the quality of training for new doctors.
3D spheroid cultures for evaluation of nanophotosensitizers accumulation
Authors: Skobeltsin Aleksey , Farrakhova Dina , Maklygina Yulia , Romanishkin Igor , Ryabova Anastasia , Yakovets Ilya , Millard Marie , Bolotine Lina , Plyutinskaya Anna , Karmakova Tatyana , Pankratov Andrey , Loschenov Victor
Published: January 2020

Current paper presents the results of the usage of indocyanine green and pheophorbide nanoform on 2D and 3D models of FaDu cells culture. The 2D model or monolayer was used for investigation of nanoparticles distribution within individual cells and their organelles. The 3D model or multicellular tumor spheroids were used for estimation of cells’ metabolic processes by the investigation of the nanophotosensitizers fluorescence distribution within spheroid’s layers. It was shown that pheophorbide nanoparticles are accumulated in the external cell layers of spheroids, indocyanine green nanoparticles distribution demonstrates completely opposite status – in the central part of the spheroid.
Ex vivo biodistribution of gallium-68-labeled porous silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Tishchenko V K , Petriev V. M. , Mikhailovskaya A A , Smoryzanova O A , Kabashin A V , Zavestovskaya I N
Published: January 2020

The introduction of nanotechnology in nuclear imaging has gained significant interest and could have promising potential for clinical use. Tumor imaging with radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) may be used for early detection, characterization, staging of disease, and for monitoring treatment efficacy. In this study we evaluated the biodistribution of porous silicon NPs labeled with positron-emitter gallium-68 in Wistar rats with subcutaneously transplanted cholangioma RS-1. The uptake of 68Ga-NPs in tumor tissue was 0.24±0.02 %ID/g at 5 min postinjection (p.i.) and climbed to 0.87±0.07 %ID/g at 5 h p.i. On the other hand, the amount of free 68Ga injected as 68GaCl3 solution decreased from 0.34±0.07 %ID/g at 5 min p.i. to 0.07±0.01 %ID/g at 5 h p.i. The highest level of radioactivity revealed in liver (8.27–15.79 %ID/g), spleen (0.98–1.27 %ID/g), and lungs (0.98–1.80 %ID/g). 68Ga-NPs were also determined in blood: up to 3.33±0.14 %ID/g at 5 min p.i. The uptake of 68Ga-NPs in other organs and tissues didn’t exceed 1 %ID/g. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that 68Ga-NPs could be suitable for use as molecular imaging probes.
Photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial biofilms using photosensitizers based on octacationic derivatives of phthalocyanines and bacteriochlorins
Authors: Meerovich G A , Akhlyustina E V , Tiganova I G , Makarova E A , Tolordava E R , Zhizhimova Yu S , Philipova N I , Romanishkin I D , Lukyanets E A , Romanova Yu M , Loschenov V B
Published: January 2020

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy is a promising method of treating local infected foci, especially surgical and burn wounds, trophic and diabetic ulcers. This work explores the photophysical and antibacterial properties of novel phthalocyanine- and synthetic-bacteriochlorin-based octacationic photosensitizers (PS). The results of the study confirm their low degree of aggregation at high concentrations, as well as high efficiency of photodynamic treatment of Gram-negative bacterial biofilms.
Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy for Intracranial Tumor Diagnostics
Authors: Bikmukhametova L R , Romanishkin I D , Savelieva T A , Skobeltsin A S , Maklygina Yu S , Loschenov V B , Kosyrkova A V , Goryajnov S A , Potapov A A
Published: January 2020

Surgical removal of glial tumors is a challenge due to their infiltrative growth. At the moment, the main way to solve this problem is fluorescent intraoperative navigation. However, in the absence of accumulation of a fluorescent marker in tumor tissues, other diagnostic parameters are required to find the boundaries of such tumors. Raman spectroscopy has the advantages of optical spectroscopy such as speed and non-invasiveness. With an exhaustive database of reference spectra of those components that can be expressed in glial tumors, Raman spectroscopy allows for diagnostics of such tumors and their intraoperative demarcation. The purpose of this work was to study healthy brain tissues and intracranial tumors of laboratory animals and humans in order to detect significant differences using spectroscopy of spontaneous Raman scattering. Also, the analysis of cultures of tumor and immunocompetent cells was carried out. The results of the study showed significant differences in the spectral lines related to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, which can be used to develop an optical biopsy method of brain tumors based on Raman spectroscopy.
Bioprotective properties of nano-diamond composition at intragastric introduction to rats
Authors: Lomteva N A , Kondratenko E I , Kasimova S K , Gordeev S K , Alykova A F , Alykova O M , Zavestovskaya I N
Published: January 2020

We studied a biocompatibility and a bioprotector property of nanodiamond composites on reduction of the toxic action to cadmium salt. The experimental animal intragastric received with the help of a probe activated carbon and nanodiamond composite. We researched the rate of spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipids peroxidation and the reference level of malonic dialdehyde in liver, thyroid and adrenal glands tissues. So this concentration of the nanopore material at intragastric entering did not led to difference of researched parameters of the lipid peroxidation. The solution of cadmium salt developed typical for it toxic action which expressed in increase intensity of the processes of POL in liver and thyroid gland tissues. The nanopore material developed the characteristic which screened the toxic action of cadmium chloride and it was more denominated on some parameters in comparison with the effect of the intragastric entering of the activated carbon.
Summator-multiplexor of the block of electronics of the NEVOD-EAS array cluster
Authors: Pasyuk N A , Kompaniets K G , Likiy O I , Shulzhenko I A
Published: January 2020

The paper is devoted to the development of a new summator-multiplexor (SM) for the block of electronics of the cluster of detector stations (BECDS) of the NEVOD-EAS air-shower array. The new summator-multiplexor is designed to replace the currently used SMs based on CAEN N169 units. The developed basic circuit diagram and the operation principle of the new SM are described. The results of testing of a prototype of the new summator-multiplexor for the BECDS of the NEVOD-EAS array are discussed.
Real-time fast Fourier transform
Authors: Ivanova P S , Muradyan K Y , Tolokonsky A O
Published: January 2020

The paper presents a method of implementation of fast Fourier transform in real-time data processing and measurement systems. The method is based on software and hardware package «UMIKON», supporting input-output drivers. Classic Cooley and Tukey algorithm apply to real-time data vector, which formed by successive shift after every clock cycle time. This approach to data processing in real-time allows reaching high access time in information measurement systems when analyzing dynamic processes.
Mathematical modeling of the structure and optical properties of the fractal island metal nanofilm
Authors: Bukharov D.N. , Arakelyan S.M. , Kucherik A.O. , Novikova O.A. , Samyshkin V.D.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the experimental results of the fractal metallic island nanofilms elaboration and their modeling in the DLA approximation. There is also presented the simulation of their optical properties using the Monte Carlo method and the scattering intensity, based on the fractal characteristics.
Wildland fire reburning trends across the US West suggest only short-term negative feedback and differing climatic effects
Authors: Buma B , Weiss S , Hayes K , Lucash M
Published: January 2020

Wildfires are a significant agent of disturbance in forests and highly sensitive to climate change. Short-interval fires and high severity (mortality-causing) fires in particular, may catalyze rapid and substantial ecosystem shifts by eliminating woody species and triggering conversions from forest to shrub or grassland ecosystems. Modeling and fine-scale observations suggest negative feedbacks between fire and fuels should limit reburn prevalence as overall fire frequency rises. However, while we have good information on reburning patterns for individual fires or small regions, the validity of scaling these conclusions to broad regions like the US West remains unknown. Both the prevalence of reburning and the strength of feedbacks on likelihood of reburning over differing timescales have not been documented at the regional scale. Here we show that while there is a strong negative feedback for very short reburning intervals throughout wildland forests of the Western US, that feedback weakens after 10–20 years. The relationship between reburning intervals and drought diverges depending on location, with coastal systems reburning quicker (e.g. shorter interval between fires) in wetter conditions and interior forests in drier. This supports the idea that vegetation productivity—primarily fine fuels that accumulate rapidly (<10 years)—is of primary importance in determining reburn intervals. Our results demonstrate that while over short time intervals increasing fires inhibits reburning at broad scales, that breaks down after a decade. This provides important insights about patterns at very broad scales and agrees with finer scale work, suggesting that lessons from those scales apply across the entire western US.
Strengthening climate change adaptation strategy of fishermen (a case study in Peatland River, Kerumutan Sub District, Riau, Indonesia)
Authors: Rusdiyana E , Sutrisno J , Rahayu E S , Antriyandarti E , Setyowati N , Khomah I
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to find out the peatland river fishermen’s adapting strategy against the climate change and the effects of strengthening the strategy. This study was an action research using participatory rural appraisal. The results showed that so far the fishermen employed local wisdom in predicting the fish output of the peatland river. The method considered the rainy days rate in mapping the quantity of tuakang, pelumpung, toman, and snakehead freshwater fish species. Local flood occurrences became the main indicator of the initiation for high fish production period. The water hyacinths preservation in pandanus forest to support fish reproduction and sunlight-dependence manual fish processing indicated the naturefriendly behaviour of fishermen community. Several attempts have been taken to reinforce the adaptation strategy of fishermen, i.e.: (1) developing the capacity of fishermen group, including preparing the fish season calendar and, fishermen time map, also fishermen institution relation map; (2) conducting training for fish processing verification; and (3) advising on the processing of water hyacinth for alternative products.
Synchronization of Indonesian regulation in sustainable palm oil management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Maskun  , Ilmar A , Naswar  , Achmad  , Assidiq H
Published: January 2020

The sustainable management of palm oil can be achieved through a regulatory approach. Indonesia as one of the largest palm oils producing countries in the world is committed to achieving sustainable palm oil management in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as an effort to combat climate change impact. The concretization of this commitment is to require the Presidential Instruction Number 8 of 2018 concerning Palm Moratorium. However, the Presidential Instruction Number 8 of 2018 has limitations in its authority to be implemented. Therefore, it requires synchronization with relevant regulations to provide a strong legal position for the implementation of the Presidential Instruction Number 8 of 2018. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the synchronization between the Presidential Instruction Number 8 of 2018 and other relevant regulations. To achieve this goal, the author employed a normative approach in the form of an analysis of the contents of the regulation that needs to be synchronized. The results of this study indicated that there are fundamental problems at the level of regulation regarding the sustainable palm oil management that are contradictory to each other, making it difficult for Indonesia to fulfill its commitment to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to combat climate change as part of its effort to combat climate change.
Haze, climate change, and media brand responsibility: how Republika calls for public action in saving the environment through smoggy photojournalism
Authors: Wijaya B S , Eddyono A S , Kania D , Kurnia A , Suharyanti
Published: January 2020

When the haze disaster struck several regions in Indonesia (especially Kalimantan and Sumatra) in 2015, various parties tried to get involved in saving the environment and preventing the effects of climate change. Republika Daily, as a leading media brand in Indonesia, showed its social responsibility through news photo of the smog that adorned its front page. By interviewing the editor-in-chief of Republika in-depth and searching for documents online, we identified the reasons why Republika concerned on the haze disaster as part of the impacts of climate change, why using smoggy photojournalism, and how Republika’s social responsibility regarding the environmental disaster arose. Pathetic facts in the field related to the natural conditions, victims of local communities who had suffered the health problems, and economic losses caused by the haze disaster prompted Republika to not only call-for-public-awareness but also call-for-public-action in overcoming the problems and helping the victims. Therefore Republika used smoggy photojournalism to make the public ‘feel’ the conditions on the ground. This research can inspire other media to participate in saving the environment and increasing climate change awareness through creative and impactful ways.
Determining the local community indicators on corporate social responsibilitiy activities (case study in Indonesia)
Authors: Handiwibowo G A , Noer L R , Ambarwati R , Arumsari Y K
Published: January 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in business activities is now a fairly popular trend. This is done as a form of compensation for business activities that affect the activities of the community and the surrounding environment. It is well known that CSR contributes quite significantly to environmental preservation and inhibits climate change. CSR activities use the community development concept, hence local community involvement would determine the performance of the design and implementation of CSR programs. This study aims to analyze the local factors that play a role in providing an impact on the performance of CSR activities. In this paper, two methods were used sequentially, namely in-depth interviews to openly explore prospective factors, and the Delphi method for agreeing the intended factors. CSR officers and Community Development consultants were the object of research. The results show that the strength of values/cultural factors, the strength of actors, the attention of actors in regional development, the strength of actor networks, the participation of community components and local government are factors considered as factors that have an impact on CSR performance.
Drought tolerant rice breeding lines developed for rainfed lowland areas
Authors: Hairmansis A , Yullianida  , Hermanasari R , Lestari A P , Sasmita P , Suwarno
Published: January 2020

Drought is a major problem in rice production in rainfed areas. Climate change has exacerbated the negative effect of drought on the sustainability of rice production. Development of drought tolerant rice varieties is important strategy to minimize rice yield losses in drought prone areas. This study aimed to determine drought tolerance of twenty-five advanced rice breeding lines under artificial drought environment and to evaluate their agronomic performance in rainfed lowland rice areas. Evaluation of drought tolerance was carried out at seedling stage in greenhouse. Yield trial was conducted in rainfed rice area in Indramayu district, West Java province, during wet season 2017-2018. The trial was designed in randomized complete block design with four replications. Result from this study indicated a variation in drought tolerance of twenty-five breeding lines. Two lines showed highly tolerant response to drought in seedling stage namely B15231-MR-10-1 and B15143C-TGB-12. The grain yield of highly drought tolerant rice line B15231-MR-10-1 (4.81 t ha-1) was comparable to popular rice varieties Situ Bagendit (4.56 t ha-1) and Ciherang (5.09 t ha-1). Drought tolerant rice breeding lines identified from this study have potential to be adopted by farmers in drought prone rainfed areas as an adaptation strategy to the impact of climate change.
Farmer groups (kelompok tani) capability towards food self-sufficiency by applying “special efforts program for increasing rice, corn and soybean production” in Juwangi District, Boyolali Regency
Authors: Kusdiyanti R F , Karsidi R , Sugihardjo
Published: January 2020

Climate change is a challenge in realizing food self-sufficiency. Facing these challenges requires the readiness of farmer groups as an independent self-empowered group. This study aims to determine the empowerment of farmer groups towards food self- sufficiency in a special effort program to increase rice, corn and soybean production in Juwangi District, Boyolali Regency. The participants in this study were all farmers who received the program meant to increase rice, corn and soybean production in Juwangi Subdistrict, with 18 groups in total. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Questionnaire is used as an instrument for data collection. The results of this study are the majority of farmer groups have been empowered from organizational elements, and business elements. It is hoped that this special effort program will be able to assist farmer groups to be empowered, by providing farming technology that is able to be applied in the face of the challenges of climate change, expanding business orientation and collaboration.
When the international investment law and environmental law are in crossroads: how to protect investors and environment in tobacco control case
Authors: Latifah E , Imanullah M N , Angelia I R
Published: January 2020

The focus of the research is to address question on the problem of how the chasm between international investment law and environmental law can be filled in, especially in tobacco control through enacting the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 adopted by Australia. Australia, as the first country to enact the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011, was sued by many cigarette companies. They consider Australia does not protect their interests as investors. While one of the reasons why Australia enforces these rules is to protect the environment, in this matter is public health of the society, and both are closely correlate with climate change. From this case, there is difference views between international investment law and environmental law. On the one hand, the principles of international investment law require protection of foreign investors, while the principles of environmental law require the states to provide an adequate protection on its environment. This research is a normative legal research. Data is secondary ones consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques uses library research, while data analysis technique uses legal interpretation. The result of this study show that it is needed to establish a new approach in balancing between economic interest and public health one that can contribute to the climate change through drafting provision relating to the environmental issues in bilateral investment treaty (BIT).
Technical efficiency of rice farm under risk of uncertainty weather in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Triyono  , Rahmawati N , Isnawan B H
Published: January 2020

One of the climate change phenomenon is uncertainty weather condition. This study aims to understand the technical efficiency of rice farm in Yogyakarta included the factors that influence them in uncertainty weather condition. We survey for sampling has been done in Sleman and Bantul Regency based on about 8 of water irrigation resources and about 25 locations of water irrigation area. The sampling method is simple random sampling to take 125 samples. Cobb Douglas translog frontier production function model has been used to analyze the factors that influence rice production and technical efficiency. The result of the production function shows that the factors that influence the rice production are land, labour, organic fertilizer, N fertilizer, irrigation pollution, irrigation type, season and location. The rice farm has not efficient. The study result gives the implication that the rice farm efficiency for sustainable agriculture, it needs using optimal input, peasant skill encouragement, and infrastructure development of irrigation.
The productivity and sucrose content on dry land sugarcane influenced by inter-row spacing and transplanting seedlings
Authors: Sulistiono W , Taryono  , Yudono P , Irham  , Brahmantiyo B
Published: January 2020

Planting sugarcane on dry land is susceptible to drought stress during the vegetative phase thereby reducing productivity. The objectives of this study were to examine the growth and yield of sugarcane transplanting seedling and ascertain their physiological-growth-traits to determine the productivity and sucrose content. The experiment design was a completely randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments were: five varieties and four inter-row spacing of single bud chips seedlings. The study was conducted in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The parameters were evaluated using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test and analyzed using step-wise regression. The application of 60cm inter-row spacing increase the yield of millable cane by 101.7 tons/ha and sucrose content compared with control, respectively by 38.8%, 5.8%. The net photosynthesis (Pn) of nine months, leaf area index of four months, specific leaf weight of five months, the proline content of nine months and net assimilation rate at the age of six months determined the productivity. The physiological determinants of sugar content were Pn at the age of nine months, stem brix, even distribution of brix on the stem nodes, and level of chlorophyll.
Greenhouse gas emission estimations for Depok’s (West Java, Indonesia) middle-class household water end-uses
Authors: Adriani R P , Kristanto G A , Pratama M A
Published: January 2020

The rising concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) is highly associated with climate change. Previous studies showed that end-use household water consumption contributes 58% of the total GHG emissions from the water sector. We attempted to calculate the GHG emissions associated with household water end-uses from an area that uses groundwater as the main water source. Data were collected from 100 households in the Cinere subdistrict of Depok, West Java. Questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted to obtain data related to each type of water end-use consumption and energy consumption from water appliance usage. Existing GHG emissions were calculated based on the water and energy consumption data. The results showed that the average end-use household water consumption for the study area was 214.3 liters per capita per day. The GHG emission associated with household water end-uses was found to be 0.379 kg CO2 per capita per day and mainly resulted from water heating. Two intervention scenarios to minimize GHG emissions were evaluated. The first scenario—retrofitting water-related appliances and exhibiting water-conscious behavior—could reduce GHG emissions by 1%, whereas the second scenario—replacing electric and gas water heaters to solar water heaters—could reduce emissions by 66%.
Sustainable food agriculture land protection policy for Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: solution or dilemma?
Authors: Anggalini T D , Retnandari N D , Yuliani K , Keban Y T , Mulyo J H
Published: January 2020

Climate change has an impact on the environment, especially in agriculture. Climate change which caused the emergence of extreme weather led to declining agricultural productivity or crop failures in several regions. Some areas of Gunungkidul are the most difficult areas to plant rice compared to other regencies/cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The issue of agricultural land conversion is a problem for almost all countries in the world that are difficult to resolve as development increases. Different policies are implemented to minimize the adverse effects of the conversion of agricultural land in various regions of the world. One of the policies that applied in Indonesia is the policy of Sustainable Food Agriculture Land Protection or Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (PLP2B policy). Until now, this policy was slowing the movement in Indonesia, including in Gunungkidul. This article aims to analyze the performance and dilemma of this policy in Gunungkidul. Qualitative research with case study approach had been done and data was collected through documentation or literature study, observation, in-depth interviews and Forum Group Discussion. The results showed that PLP2B policy has not been optimally implemented and still become a dilemma to local government rather than become a solution.
Comparison of rainfall-runoff models for climate change projection – case study of Citarum River Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Hatmoko W , Levina  , Diaz B
Published: January 2020

Climate change affects temperature, rainfall and hydrological properties in the river basins. Projected rainfalls for several climate change models are widely available nowadays. However, in water resources planning and management, river discharges data is unfortunately more important. The information on climate change impact on river discharges is very limited. Conversion from the projected rainfall to the runoff in the rivers is needed. This study analyzes the performance of rainfall-runoff models: 1) Empirical Model that defines the discharge as a function of rainfall, evaporation, and temperature, widely applied by climate scientist; and 2) simple lump conceptual model of NRECA. These two rainfall-runoff models are applied during the control period in the year of 2006 to 2015 of the rainfall projections from the seven CMIP5 Global Circulation Models with the worst scenario, RCP 8.5. The ground station river discharge data selected is Nanjung river gauging station at Citarum River, situated just upstream of Saguling Reservoir, the uppermost of the cascade of three reservoirs Saguling-Cirata-Jatiluhur, with the catchment area of 1, 675 square kilometers. The results show that the simple conceptual model NRECA significantly gives better fitted to the observation data than the Empirical Model, especially during the dry season.
Efficiency of organic rice farming inputs in the dry season at Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu L , Febriana E , Istiyanti E
Published: January 2020

Climate change will cause changes to the organic rice production inputs. This research aims to know the factors and season determining the production of organic rice, as well as to know the efficiency level of organic rice farmin, toog. The research was carried out in three villages, namely Bleber, Legetan, and the Ngainan villages in Bener District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The samples were taken by a census technique, all were organic farmers which were member of the farmer group. There were total of 92 farmers respondents. The primary data were obtained by interviewing with the questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using the production model of Cobb-Douglas. The results showed in general, the land, seed, manure, petroganic fertilizer, labor and season significantly influenced the organic rice production. While in the partial areas, it was only manure, labour and season. The use of the land and labors on the organic rice farm has been efficient, but not with the use of manure, yet. The risk of organic rice in the dry season is higher than the rainy season.
The effects of seasons on chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum indicum) production in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu E S , Setyowati N , Khomah I
Published: January 2020

Chrysanthemum is a type of cut-flower that has commercial value and popular in Indonesia. Economically, Chrysanthemum has the potential for the export commodities and expected to increase in the future. One fruitfulness factor of Chrysanthemum cultivation is determined by season. The risk factors of Chrysanthemum production need to be studied, particularly season factor. This research aims to find out the optimum season for Chrysanthemum production and how to anticipate the impacts of climate change or seasonal factors on Chrysanthemum flower production and to discover the main factors of Chrysanthemum production. The research was carried out in Sleman Regency. The analytical method used was the Cobb-Douglas production function model. The results show that seasons affected Chrysanthemum flower production. The highest Chrysanthemum production occurred in the dry season. It is better for the farmer to cultivate Chrysanthemum in the dry season to reduce the risk of production. Protection houses are needed to protect plants from excessive heat intensity and strong winds during the rainy season as the impacts of climate change.
Communication of Salak Pondoh farmers group in Yogyakarta, Indonesia to addressing climate change
Authors: Astuti K , Nurhaeni I D A , Rahmanto A N
Published: January 2020

Climate change due to global warming is unavoidable and has wide impacts on various aspects of life, including the agricultural sector which also affects the productivity of salak pondoh. Sleman is the biggest salak pondoh producing area in Indonesia. In 2018, Sleman salak pondoh exports have reached 600 tons to China, Cambodia and Vietnam. This study aims to determine how the communication that occurs in salak pondoh farmer groups in addressing climate change and their impact on the socio-economic development of salak pondoh farmers in Sleman, DIY. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. Research data obtained from field observations and in-depth interviews. The theory used is the Elaboration Likelihood Model. The results of this study are the communication process in salak pondoh farmers groups in dealing with climate change tends to choose the central route. Not many farmers choose the peripheral route, because farmers already have experience and knowledge about how to cultivate salak pondoh, so farmers can receive information conveyed by instructors and can overcome the impact climate change that occurs.
Transforming institutional design in addressing sludge oil in Bintan seawater, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Yudiatmaja W E , Samnuzulsari T , Suyito  , Yudithia
Published: January 2020

The primary purpose of this study is to fill out the gap in the current research of environmental policy because the conventional approach still dominates it. By using soft-systems methodology based action research, problem-solving, the present study seeks the institutional design in overcoming the problem of sludge oil in Bintan seawater, Kepulauan Riau. Field research was conducted in several villages in Bintan coastal area, such as Pengudang, Tanjung Berakit, and Trikora. Participants in this study involved state and non-state actors, in particular, the Indonesian Coast Guard, Indonesian navy, environmental agency of provincial and municipal government, fisherman, and village government. Data were gathered with an in-depth interview, observation, and secondary resources. In summary, we offer a new institutional design to replace previous governance of the issue. This study contributes not only to add our understanding of the governance of marine waste, but also the practical solutions to address it.
Biological Monitoring Significance of Manganese in Barks of Xiangtan City
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: January 2020

The content of Mn in barks of Xiangtan City was determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results showed that: (1) Xiangtan City belongs to the heavily polluted area of manganese. The average content of manganese in the bark is about 170 mg/kg and much higher than that of the background value of China (59.94±7.15 mg/kg). (2) The Mn content of the bark showed the status of Mn pollution in Xiangtan. Thus, The barks are proper for a biological monitoring carrier for heavy metal content in this area; (3) Different barks have different and stable accumulation capacity for heavy metals.
Field investigation of flow and bed erosion/deposition at the confluence of the Yellow River and Fen River
Authors: Zhang Tao , Feng Minquan , Chen Kailin
Published: January 2020

In order to study the characteristics of flow structure and bed erosion/deposition at the confluence of the Yellow River and the Fen River, the three-dimensional velocity components, water depth, water level, and suspended sediment particle sizes of the typical sections were measured in field to analyze the bed morphology, the flow field structure, suspended sediment distribution, and the variation of the bed erosion or deposition. The results showed that the pattern of the flow field at the confluence essentially conforms to the conceptual model, but represented a relatively complex structure, owing to the dual influence of the convergent flows and the tanglesome bed topography. The spatial distribution of suspended sediment was affected by the flow velocity and eddy turbulence. The particle size of suspended sediment was approximately normal distribution. The median particle size ranged from 17.19μm to 140μm. The suspended sediment at the confluence center was mainly composed of upstream transfer sediment and resuspended local sediment near the bed surface. The riverbed morphology was highly complex with frequent changes in erosion and deposition. And there was a strip-shaped sand ridges at the center of the channel and a long-narrow scouring belt near the tributary side. In addition, the bed configuration was similar in the dry and normal season. Due to the sediment deposition, the bed elevation was higher in dry season than that in normal season. During the flood season, the washed bed was stated in a dynamic flattening period, as well as the sand ridge disappeared and the scour belt became shallow.
Strengthening mechanism and thermal deformation behavior of Al-12Si/Fe piston composite
Authors: Yang Hao , Wang Yuan , Wang Xiuchang , Cen Qihong , Yu Xiaohua
Published: January 2020

The present paper aims the investigation on the influence of Fe based amorphous on strength of aluminum alloy (Al-12Si), and the thermal deformation behavior of new Al-12Si/Fe base amorphous composites. On this foundation, a heat flow stress model of the sample was proposed by a Zener-Hollomon parameter and microstructural studies were carried out on Al-12Si/Fe base amorphous composite by many means. Microstructural study reveals dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of Al-12Si/Fe base amorphous composite at thermal compression text. In addition, the deformation activation energy of Al-12Si/Fe-based amorphous composites is as high as 211.29 kJ mol−1, compared with Al-12Si alloy (170.51 kJ mol−1). Importantly, the flow stress equation of the new composite is

ε
̇

 = 4.42×1014 [sinh(0.0166σ)]6.13 exp(−211290/RT), and the linear regression coefficient is 0.99. This study constitutes a significant advance in strengthening the Al-12Si engine piston and controlling the thermal deformation behavior and opens new directions for the development of piston material.
Crystallization kinetics and soft magnetic properties of Fe71Si16B9Cu1Nb3 amorphous alloys
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Li Xue , Li Shengli
Published: January 2020

Fe71Si16B9Cu1Nb3 amorphous alloy ribbons were prepared with a single roll polar method. X-ray diffraction analysis of the surface samples was completely amorphous. The thermal stability parameters T
x, T
p, and T
end of amorphous ribbons were measured with a synchronous thermal analyzer under high purity argon gas and analyzed for their crystallization behavior. The heating rate was 10 K min−1, 15 K min−1, 20 K min−1, and 30 K min−1. The T
x and T
p of the Fe71Si16B9Cu1Nb3 amorphous alloy increased with an increase in the heating rate, indicating that the crystallization behavior has a kinetic effect. The crystallization activation energy of the amorphous alloy was calculated using the Kissinger and Ozawa equations, respectively. The calculation results of the two methods were consistent. The sample was annealed (761 K, 786 K, 801 K, and 858 K, holding for 300 s) under the protection of high purity argon. The phase transition and microstructure transformation of the amorphous alloy during isothermal crystallization were analyzed by x-ray diffraction. When the alloy was annealed at 801 K, a single α-Fe(Si) solid solution precipitated on the amorphous matrix. Magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer and observed by transmission electron microscopy. When the alloy was annealed at 786 K and 801 K, the saturation magnetic induction reached 1.22∼1.27 T, coercivity was as low as 5.3∼7.2 A m−1, and the average grain size was about 10∼20 nm.
Sb doping influence on structural properties of ZnO thin films
Authors: Çelik Ömer , Baturay Şilan , Ocak Yusuf Selim
Published: January 2020

Pure and Sb doped ZnO thin films were homogeneously prepared at room temperature on the soda-lime glass substrates (SLG) via the spin coating technique. The effects of the Sb ratio on structural properties, morphological properties and optical properties were studied via x-ray diffraction (XRD) device, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometry, respectively. Crystalline size (D), the (hkl) planes, and dislocation density (δ) for ZnO thin films were investigated via the XRD pattern. The influence of Sb doping on the preferred crystal orientation and lattice parameters of ZnO thin films were discussed in detail. Optical measurements of ZnO thin films with 0, 1, 2 and 3% Sb concentrations showed a significant effect as a function of Sb dopants on the optical energy band gap. All of the SEM images indicated that while pure ZnO thin films had an apparent nanofiber structure, nanofiber structures disappeared with the increase of doping ratio, and more homogeneous films were obtained.
ZnO and quercetin encapsulated nanoparticles for sun protection obtained by miniemulsion polymerization using alternative co-stabilizers
Authors: Fogaça Lara Alexandre , Feuser Paulo Emilio , Ricci-Júnior Eduardo , Hermes de Araújo Pedro Henrique , Sayer Claudia , da Costa Cristiane
Published: January 2020

The present work evaluated the encapsulation of ZnO and quercetin in PBMA-PMMA-PS using the miniemulsion polymerization technique, aiming to develop nanoparticles with sun protection factor (SPF) and antioxidant activity (AA) for application in photoprotective lotions. In both formulations, octocrylene and green coffee oil were tested as co-stabilizing agents of the miniemulsion, being also encapsulated in the NPs, contributing to the SPF and AA of the obtained latexes. Spherical nanoparticles of homogeneous size, from 169 to 346 nm, and regular surfaces were obtained, remaining stable for at least 30 days. The encapsulation efficiency on the formulations tested was from 59 to 87% for ZnO, 47 to 51% for quercetin, 80 to 92% for octocrylene and 90 to 92% for green coffee oil. The quercetin and green coffee oil presented high antioxidant activity when encapsulated in polymeric NPs. The values of in vitro SPF was very good for formulations containing NPs-ZnO, with the best result for the simultaneous nanoencapsulation of ZnO and octocrylene (SPF 29 ± 5). The application of the NPs of quercetin and green coffee oil may promote an increment on SPF in vivo, reducing the damage caused to the skin by UV radiation, beyond the ability to scavenge the free radicals generated by ZnO.