bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicación de un modelo hidrológico espacialmente distribuido en dos cuencas costeras de la Región de La Araucanía (Chile)
Authors: Fernández-Soto Eduardo , Peña-Cortés Fernando
Published: July 2016

Los modelos hidrológicos espacialmente distribuidos han sido una potente herramienta para el levantamiento indirecto de información de una cuenca hidrográfica. En este estudio, se caracteriza el comportamiento hidrológico de dos cuencas localizadas en el borde costero de la región de La Araucanía. El método se basó en un proceso de modelación hidrológica espacialmente distribuida con los softwares ArcHydro y WARPHydro. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en el comportamiento hidrológico entre ambas cuencas atribuidas a la forma de la red hídrica, altitud y escorrentía superficial. Se concluye que cuando existe carencia de datos de terreno y los costos limitan el uso de otros métodos, la modelación hidrológica genera información de base para la toma de decisiones para el manejo del agua.
Las salas de cine en Madrid. De los primeros cinematógrafos a la demanda por «salvar» los cines históricos de la ciudad
Authors: García Ferrero Alejandro
Published: July 2016

Desde la aparición de los primeros cinematógrafos, hasta la inauguración de las grandes salas en los modernos centros comerciales, la frecuentación al cine en la ciudad de Madrid ha corrido en paralelo a los cambios que han afectado a su demanda en el marco de diferentes contextos sociales y culturales. En este trabajo se analizan los cambios que ha provocado este hecho en la conformación del espacio de exhibición cinematográfico madrileño a lo largo del tiempo y en las últimas décadas, fase en la que su desarrollo ha estado condicionado por los cierres de locales, el desarrollo de nuevas fórmulas de negocio que han alterado las características del cine convencional y la distribución territorial del aforo, y la emergencia de nuevas demandas para garantizar la conservación de los locales históricos del cine por sus valores patrimoniales.
Producción arrocera y evolución de elementos climáticos en la provincia de Corrientes (Argentina)
Authors: Scarpati Olga Eugenia , Capriolo Alberto Daniel , Puga Yamile Ester
Published: July 2016

El arroz, cultivo tradicional en Corrientes (República Argentina), ha mostrado variaciones en su producción en las últimas décadas por lo que se realiza un análisis a fin de detectar si ellos se debieron a cambios climáticos o a otros factores. Los datos del cultivo provienen del Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Los datos diarios de temperatura y precipitación pertenecen al Servicio Meteorológico Nacional y al Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Los resultados fueron validados con los tests no paramétrico Mann Kendall y Sen. Los resultados muestran un evidente aumento de la producción arrocera. Los elementos climáticos señalan un incremento en algunos valores de la temperatura media máxima y de la media mínima y una disminución de la precipitación en algunos meses. No se detectan cambios importantes del clima en los últimos cuarenta años al nivel del modelo estadístico utilizado, por lo que se infiere modificaciones en la demanda externa.
Mode of action of injection products
Authors: Steinegger H.
Published: July 2016

Not available
The Word Order Flexibility in Japanese Novels
Authors: Seraku Tohru , Ohtani Akira
Published: July 2016

In Japanese, whose basic word-order is S(ubject)-O(bject)-V(erb), non-verbal elements may be permuted with the restriction that such elements cannot occur post-verbally. This restriction, however, does not apply to narrative discourse, especially conversations in novels. This discourse phenomenon with post-verbal elements is called “postposing.” This chapter reveals several grammatical properties of postposing based on Japanese novels, and present an explicit account in an integrated theory of grammar. More precisely, the narrative data indicate that the syntactic type of postposed element is quite diverse and that, contrary to the prevalent, opposing view, Japanese postposing is not restricted to a matrix clause. These issues are addressed within Dynamic Syntax, a cognitively realistic grammar formalism which specifies a set of constraints on building up a structure online. This architectural design formalises the incremental process of how the reader gradually updates an interpretation by parsing a postposing sentence in narrative discourse.
Fact, Narrative, Visualization as Fiction, and Love
Authors: Ogawa Yukiko
Published: July 2016

This chapter's subject matter is “The Land of Hope”, a Japanese film inspired by facts. The primary aim is to apply structural analysis of narrative, a method commonly used for natural language text, to film, which is an audiovisual text. This research will adopt methods for decomposing the film into component units and rules for linking them that are appropriate to the physical/representational characteristics of the medium, and propose a procedure for visualizing the narrative structure using a single diagram. The second aim is to sketch the aspects of narrative content that structural analyses – which only regard its formal aspects – overlook, supporting the argument with knowledge from film cognition research and by focusing on particular themes. This chapter's research deals with a practical simulation that analyzes a film's form and content with an integrated approach, and advocates the methodology that is applicable to any film in principle.
Psychosocial Intervention Strategies for Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: R. Ashwini , Prasad Barre Vijaya , Kosgi Srinivas
Published: July 2016

Throughout recorded history, the disorder we now known as schizophrenia has been a source of bewilderment. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease. Schizophrenia is found all over the world. The severity of the symptoms and the long-lasting, chronic pattern of schizophrenia often results in disability, and many individuals need on going assistance to manage the most basic functions of independent living. Schizophrenia most often includes hallucinations and/or delusions, which reflect distortions in the perception and interpretation of reality. In this chapter the authors were discussed psychosocial interventions like, individual psychotherapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, cognitive therapy with schizophrenia, behaviour therapy with schizophrenia, group therapy and family interventions were highlighted. In addition to this psychiatric rehabilitation were also discussed with vocational training, social skill training, and community rehabilitation approach. Further common causes of repeated hospitalization and implementation measures were described.
Students' Conceptions of Understanding and Its Assessment
Authors: Hamer Rebecca , Jan van Rossum Erik
Published: July 2016

Understanding means different things to different people, influencing what and how students learn and teachers teach. Mainstream understanding of understanding has not progressed beyond the first level of constructivist learning and thinking, ie academic understanding. This study, based on 167 student narratives, presents two hitherto unknown conceptions of understanding matching more complex ways of knowing, understanding-in-relativism and understanding-in-supercomplexity requiring the development of more complex versions of constructive alignment. Students comment that multiple choice testing encourages learning focused on recall and recognition, while academic understanding is not assessed often and more complex forms of understanding are hardly assessed at all in higher education. However, if study success depends on assessments-of-learning that credit them for meaning oriented learning and deeper understanding, students will put in effort to succeed.
Feedforward. The Key to Improve Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Fernández-Ferrer Maite , Pons-Seguí Laura
Published: July 2016

In higher education context, it is important to stimulate feedback and students' self-regulation. Shute (2007) ensures that giving a formative feedback means to communicate information to the students to change their thinking or behavior in order to improve their learning. This improvement through constant feedback has been the basis of the experience presented below. The work presented here is part of the project “Design, implementation and evaluation of proposals for sustainable feedforward” (reference REDICE2014-966), funded by the Institute of Education Sciences at the University of Barcelona, which aims to design and implement feedforward practices in different degrees at the Spanish universities participating in the project. The analysis of this research highlights what kind of feedback is being implemented in higher education and which the perceptions of students and teachers relating to the implemented practices and the obtained results are.
A Review on Brain Imaging Techniques for BCI Applications
Authors: Bhattacharyya Saugat , Khasnobish Anwesha , Ghosh Poulami , Mazumder Ankita , Tibarewala D. N.
Published: July 2016

Evolution has endowed human race with the most adroit brain, and to harness its potential to the fullest the concept of brain computer interface (BCI) has emerged. One of the most crucial components of BCI is the technique of brain imaging. The first approach in the field of brain imaging was to measure the electrical and magnetic activity of the brain, the techniques being known as Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography. Striving for furtherance, researchers came up with another alternative known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging. But it being confined to only structural imaging, the functional aspects of brain were mapped using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A similar but comparatively newer neuroimaging modality is Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation neuro-physiological technique is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Based on nuclear medicine the brain imaging technologies that are widely explored in the world of BCI are Positron Emission Tomography and Single Positron Emission Tomography.
Medical Image Fusion in Wavelet and Ridgelet Domains
Authors: Bhateja Vikrant , Krishn Abhinav , Patel Himanshi , Sahu Akanksha
Published: July 2016

Medical image fusion facilitates the retrieval of complementary information from medical images and has been employed diversely for computer-aided diagnosis of life threatening diseases. Fusion has been performed using various approaches such as Pyramidal, Multi-resolution, multi-scale etc. Each and every approach of fusion depicts only a particular feature (i.e. the information content or the structural properties of an image). Therefore, this paper presents a comparative analysis and evaluation of multi-modal medical image fusion methodologies employing wavelet as a multi-resolution approach and ridgelet as a multi-scale approach. The current work tends to highlight upon the utility of these approaches according to the requirement of features in the fused image. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based fusion algorithm has been employed in both ridgelet and wavelet domains for purpose of minimisation of redundancies. Simulations have been performed for different sets of MR and CT-scan images taken from ‘The Whole Brain Atlas'. The performance evaluation has been carried out using different parameters of image quality evaluation like: Entropy (E), Fusion Factor (FF), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Edge Strength (QFAB). The outcome of this analysis highlights the trade-off between the retrieval of information content and the morphological details in finally fused image in wavelet and ridgelet domains.
Classification of Magnetic Resonance Image and Segmentation of Brain Tissues for Tumor Detection
Authors: Pushparaj Manjula , J Arokia Renjith , P Mohan Kumar
Published: July 2016

Advancing techniques in image processing has led to many inventions and provides valuable support especially in medical fields to identify and analyze the diseases. MRI images are chosen for detection of brain tumor as they are used in soft tissue determinations. Brain tumor is one of the severe diseases in the field of medicine. Early identification of disease increases the chances for successful treatment. Classification and Segmentation plays a vital role in identifying the disease. First, image Pre-processing is used to enhance the image quality. Subsequently, Decomposition is performed using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform to analysis texture of an image and features are extracted using Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix. Then, Neuro-Fuzzy and Neural Network can be used to categorize the types of Brain Tumor such as normal, benign and malignant. Finally, tumor region is detected using Kernel weighted clustering method by segmenting the brain tissues and also to find the size of the tumor.
Mobile Platforms Supporting Health Professionals
Authors: Tamposis Ioannis , Pouliakis Abraham , Fezoulidis Ioannis , Karakitsos Petros
Published: July 2016

Mobile computing is beginning defining the future of healthcare. The vast majority of mHealth applications are related to fitness, training and self-monitoring; limited applications are targeting physicians and doctor-patient interactions. However this can change. In this chapter the background of applications related to medical imaging and clinical and laboratory medicine is analyzed. A technological framework supporting mHealth applications in an agnostic manner is also introduced. Within this framework there are implemented two application examples, one application (ImaginX) supporting a health ecosystem (hospitals, radiologists, clinicians, patients) for medical image management. The second application (HPVGuard) supports a divergent but cooperating environment of laboratory and clinical doctors and patients involved in cervical cancer prevention and control. The two applications are analyzed and issues related to user acceptance and future directions are presented. mHealth has the potential to shape health future not by just translating existing applications but by inspiring new ideas.
A Freehand 3D Ultrasound Imaging System Using Open-Source Software Tools with Improved Edge-Preserving Interpolation
Authors: Daoud Mohammad I. , Alshalalfah Abdel-Latif , Awwad Falah , Al-Najar Mahasen
Published: July 2016

Ultrasound imaging is widely employed in various medical procedures. Most ultrasound procedures are performed with conventional 2D ultrasound systems, but visualizing the 3D anatomy using 2D ultrasound images is often challenging. This paper describes the use of open-source software tools to develop a freehand system for synthesizing high-quality 3D ultrasound volumes using electromagnetic tracking. In the proposed system, the spatial transformation between the 2D ultrasound images and the electromagnetic sensor attached to the ultrasound transducer was performed using an accurate spatial calibration method. A new interpolation method, called the edge-preserving distance-weighted (EPDW), is employed to reconstruct the 3D ultrasound volumes. The performance of the system is evaluated by performing a set of phantom experiments. The results showed that the reconstructed 3D ultrasound volumes have sub-millimeter accuracy. Moreover, the ultrasound volumes synthesized using the EPDW method demonstrated improved edge preservation compared with a previous interpolation method.
The Introduction and Evaluation of Mobile Devices to Improve Access to Patient Records
Authors: Wu Jonn , Waldron John , Reid Shaina , Barnett Jeff
Published: July 2016

Prompt and efficient access to patient records is vital in providing optimal patient care. The Cancer Agency Information System (CAIS) is the primary patient record repository for the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) but is only accessible on traditional computer workstations. The BCCA clinics have significant space limitations resulting in multiple healthcare professionals sharing each workstation. Furthermore, workstations are not available in examination rooms. A novel and cost-efficient solution is necessary to improve clinician access to CAIS. This prompted the BCCA and the Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA) Information Management Information Technology Services (IMITS) team to embark on an innovative provincial collaboration to introduce and evaluate the impact of a mobile device to improve access to CAIS. The project consisted of 2 phases with over 90 participants from multiple clinical disciplines across BCCA sites and other PHSA facilities. Phase I evaluated the adoptability, effectiveness, and costs associated with providing access to CAIS using desktop virtualization via Citrix. Citrix is a server solution that provides remote access to clients via the Web or to dummy terminals in a network. Phase II incorporated the feedback and findings from Phase I to develop a customized mobile application. Phase II also addressed privacy and security requirements and included additional users and workflows. This is explored in this chapter.
Lung Disease Classification by Novel Shape-Based Feature Extraction and New Hybrid Genetic Approach
Authors: Chandran Bhuvaneswari , Aruna P. , Loganathan D.
Published: July 2016

The purpose of the chapter is to present a novel method to classify lung diseases from the computed tomography images which assist physicians in the diagnosis of lung diseases. The method is based on a new approach which combines a proposed M2 feature extraction method and a novel hybrid genetic approach with different types of classifiers. The feature extraction methods performed in this work are moment invariants, proposed multiscale filter method and proposed M2 feature extraction method. The essential features which are the results of the feature extraction technique are selected by the novel hybrid genetic algorithm feature selection algorithms. Classification is performed by the support vector machine, multilayer perceptron neural network and Bayes Net classifiers. The result obtained proves that the proposed technique is an efficient and robust method. The performance of the proposed M2 feature extraction with proposed hybrid GA and SVM classifier combination achieves maximum classification accuracy.
An Overview of Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Waghulde Sandeep , Naik Pravin
Published: July 2016

Over the last few years' great advances have been made on the development drug delivery systems for different purposes for targeting the diseased conditions. Novel drug delivery originates from polymers or associated with some devices is generally related with the emergence of novel characteristics. These changes are what eventually comprise the value of drug delivery system and Novel drug delivery system. Novel properties become existed without making new materials. Novel drug delivery system comparable to traditional system, following Targeted Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is also called targeting drug system. A new drug delivery system makes the drugs densely gather pathological-change structures, and has an improved healing effect and less toxic side effects. The drugs can improve the strength of pharmacological action and reduce the bad effect all over the body, for they release in the target organs.
Liquid Crystalline System
Authors: Gujarathi Nayan Ashok , Rane Bhushan Rajendra , Keservani Raj K.
Published: July 2016

Liquid crystalline system is a thermodynamically stable phase which is characterized by anisotropy. Liquid Crystals (LCs) are also termed as mesophase as they exhibit isotropic properties and liquid like behavior under some conditions (alter in temperature and concentration). Liquid crystals are influenced by number of parameters includes concentration, temperature, pH, and presence of salt. Liquid crystals are divided on the basis of shape of the molecules into two groups one is calmitic and other is discotic. A range of liquid crystalline phase (called mesophases) can be categorized by their sort of arrangement. The alignment of fragments in liquid crystalline phases is extensive on the molecular scale. Liquid crystal technology has a most important influence on several areas of pharmacy science and engineering, as well as device technology. As a novel type of drug delivery system, liquid crystals are explored and examined, definitely achieve mounting significance in industrial and scientific purposes.
The Impact of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) on Organizational Effectiveness
Authors: Siengthai Sununta , Udomphol Aroonlod
Published: July 2016

Human resource information system (HRIS) has potential benefits to improve organizational performance. The purpose of this exploratory study is thus to investigate the impact of HRIS on organizational effectiveness. The textile industry in Thailand is taken as a context of the study as it faces many challenges in this globalization era. One of the industry's dilemmas is about worker conditions and the scarcity of workforce. A questionnaire survey was conducted during December 2012-March 2013. About 354 questionnaires were mailed to the random sample drawn from the Textile Directory (2006). A total of 63 usable returned questionnaires were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the obtained data. The findings reveal that the sample respondents perceived that HRIS has a positive impact on organizational effectiveness with respect to human resource processes, time savings, cost savings, information effects, decision making and strategic impact of HR role.
The Convergence Culture of the Formal and Informal Interfaces in Education
Authors: Annarumma Maria , Fragnito Riccardo , Tedesco Ines , Vitale Luigi
Published: July 2016

Media convergence refers to a flow of content across multiple media platforms. Contents can be both top-down corporate-driven and bottom-up prosumers-driven (Jenkins, 2007). When analysing the changes that are taking place in mainstream and in grassroots media, what results is not an apocalyptic challenge among different media; rather, one takes note of how user participation is irreversibly modifying the concept of communication and creating new scenarios of knowledge. In light of this situation, by focusing on education as well as on teaching and learning processes and considering the learners as protagonists of the educational process itself, one can begin to trace their habits and customs in regards to media consumptions and all their favourite activities in order to predict a future orientation. The authors' goal was to research how the generation of students of Bachelor of Education – future trainers and teachers – is able to use IT in formal and informal environments; more specifically, they carried out an exploratory research to understand how the leading characters of recent years, such as the New Web or social networks, are used by digital natives, in order to outline possible orientations in the employment of technology and its tools for didactic aims.
The Longitudinal Cutting on Hollow Glass Cylinders
Authors: Aizawa Yukari , Tamura Shintaro , Okamoto Akinori , Hashimoto Atsushi
Published: July 2016

This paper presents experimental data and discussions concerning “Elastic Working” which exploits the cutting of hollow glass cylinders at the longitudinal section. Here, “Elastic Working” indicates the cutting method for glass or ceramics using natural cracks occurring at the fracture points of brittle materials. “Elastic Working” has the significant characteristics that the amount of energy required is very small, the time required is very short, and so on. Hollow cylinders made of Pyrex glass were used in the cutting experiment. Using the presented cutting method, the hollow cylinders could be cut instantaneously at the desired longitudinal section. The experiment to examine the cutting load of the hollow cylinder was tried using brittle plaster material as well as glass. It was found that the cutting load of the hollow cylinder was consistent with the load determined from the radial crushing strength on “Sintered metal bearing”.
Can the Song of Songs be described (also) as a form of dark green religion?
Authors: Viviers Hendrik
Published: July 2016

Bron Taylor defines dark green religion as: �� a deep sense of belonging to and connectedness in nature, whilst perceiving the earth and its living systems to be sacred and interconnected�. It not only emphasises a felt kinship with the rest of life but also evokes awe, wonderment and humility towards nature that binds to something �greater than oneself�. Do the intimate �oneness� and living in the moment of the two young lovers in the Song also extend to a diminishing of the self and an experience of oneness with a greater, timeless, mysterious reality? In order to determine whether the Song of Songs complies with a form of nature spirituality, the notions of belonging, interconnectedness and sacredness were investigated as they appear in this ancient book of love. It was found that the Song is representative of a form of dark green religion of a non-doctrinaire, immanent kind. It exhibits ubiquitously the notions of belonging and connection (kinship with nature, an interconnectedness and interdependency of the web of life) and the sacredness of the earth and its inhabitants (their intrinsic worth that evokes awe, wonderment and humility). The experience of sensuality, living mindfully in the moment, transforms into a timeless spirituality of connection to �another, mysterious world�.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The relevance of reader-oriented appreciations of biblical texts, notably ecological hermeneutics, is demonstrated; this approach can also be extended to other sacred texts apart from the Bible; furthermore, it points to the need for the ongoing dialogue with the natural sciences.Keywords: dark green religion; nature spirituality; belonging;interconnectedness; sacredness; Song of Songs
Lingual orthodontic education: An insight
Authors: Das Surya Kanta , Labh Sanjay , Barik Ashish Kumar
Published: July 2016

Despite increasing demand for lingual orthodontics, the technique is not very popular among the orthodontists in general. Lingual orthodontics differs from the conventional labial technique in all aspects. Lack of comprehensive training in this field is a major obstacle in popularizing this science of invisible orthodontics. At present, short-term courses and part-time degree programs are the means to learn this technique and the demand for more comprehensive lingual orthodontic education is on a rise among orthodontists. Lingual orthodontics as a super specialty discipline with full-time residency program can be a step forward. This will groom orthodontists to acquire the finest skills to finish lingual cases but also help to the science to grow with dedicated research work.
FSI Simulations of Pulse Wave Propagation in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The Effects of Sac Geometry and Stiffness
Authors: Li Han , Lin Kexin , Shahmirzadi Danial
Published: July 2016

This study aims to quantify the effects of geometry and stiffness of aneurysms on the pulse wave velocity (PWV) and propagation in fluid-solid interaction (FSI) simulations of arterial pulsatile flow. Spatiotemporal maps of both the wall displacement and fluid velocity were generated in order to obtain the pulse wave propagation through fluid and solid media, and to examine the interactions between the two waves. The results indicate that the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sac and variations in the sac modulus affect the propagation of the pulse waves both qualitatively (eg, patterns of change of forward and reflective waves) and quantitatively (eg, decreasing of PWV within the sac and its increase beyond the sac as the sac stiffness increases). The sac region is particularly identified on the spatiotemporal maps with a region of disruption in the wave propagation with multiple short-traveling forward/reflected waves, which is caused by the change in boundary conditions within the saccular region. The change in sac stiffness, however, is more pronounced on the wall displacement spatiotemporal maps compared to those of fluid velocity. We conclude that the existence of the sac can be identified based on the solid and fluid pulse waves, while the sac properties can also be estimated. This study demonstrates the initial findings in numerical simulations of FSI dynamics during arterial pulsations that can be used as reference for experimental and in vivo studies. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the feasibility of the method in identifying very mild sacs, which cannot be detected from medical imaging, where the material property degradation exists under early disease initiation.
Conditional Simulation of Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media with the Probabilistic Collocation Method
Authors: Li Heng
Published: July 2016

A stochastic approach to conditional simulation of flow in randomly heterogeneous media is proposed with the combination of the Karhunen-Loeve expansion and the probabilistic collocation method (PCM). The conditional log hydraulic conductivity field is represented with the Karhunen-Loeve expansion, in terms of some deterministic functions and a set of independent Gaussian random variables. The propagation of uncertainty in the flow simulations is carried out through the PCM, which relies on the efficient polynomial chaos expansion used to represent the flow responses such as the hydraulic head. With the PCM, existing flow simulators can be employed for uncertainty quantification of flow in heterogeneous porous media when direct measurements of hydraulic conductivity are taken into consideration. With illustration of several numerical examples of groundwater flow, this study reveals that the proposed approach is able to accurately quantify uncertainty of the flow responses conditioning on hydraulic conductivity data, while the computational efforts are significantly reduced in comparison to the Monte Carlo simulations.
On Stochastic Error and Computational Efficiency of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Li Jun , Vignal Philippe , Sun Shuyu , Calo Victor M.
Published: July 2016

In Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations, thermal equilibria quantities are estimated by ensemble average over a sample set containing a large number of correlated samples. These samples are selected in accordance with the probability distribution function, known from the partition function of equilibrium state. As the stochastic error of the simulation results is significant, it is desirable to understand the variance of the estimation by ensemble average, which depends on the sample size (i.e., the total number of samples in the set) and the sampling interval (i.e., cycle number between two consecutive samples). Although large sample sizes reduce the variance, they increase the computational cost of the simulation. For a given CPU time, the sample size can be reduced greatly by increasing the sampling interval, while having the corresponding increase in variance be negligible if the original sampling interval is very small. In this work, we report a few general rules that relate the variance with the sample size and the sampling interval. These results are observed and confirmed numerically. These variance rules are derived for the MCMC method but are also valid for the correlated samples obtained using other Monte Carlo methods. The main contribution of this work includes the theoretical proof of these numerical observations and the set of assumptions that lead to them.
Computer Simulation of Two Component Dense Plasma by Molecular Dynamics Method
Authors: Moldabekov Zh. A. , Ramazanov T. S.
Published: July 2016

In the present work two component dense semiclassical plasma of protons and electrons is considered. Microscopic and electrodynamic properties of the plasma by molecular dynamic simulation are investigated. For these purposes semiclassical interparticle potential which takes into account quantum mechanical diffraction and symmetry effects is used. The considered range of density of plasma is n = 1022cm−3 to n = 1024cm−3. Fluctuations and dynamic dielectric functions were calculated using velocity autocorrelation functions.
A Stability Analysis of Hybrid Schemes to Cure Shock Instability
Authors: Shen Zhijun , Yan Wei , Yuan Guangwei
Published: July 2016

The carbuncle phenomenon has been regarded as a spurious solution produced by most of contact-preserving methods. The hybrid method of combining high resolution flux with more dissipative solver is an attractive attempt to cure this kind of non-physical phenomenon. In this paper, a matrix-based stability analysis for 2-D Euler equations is performed to explore the cause of instability of numerical schemes. By combining theRoewithHLLflux in different directions and different flux components, we give an interesting explanation to the linear numerical instability. Based on such analysis, some hybrid schemes are compared to illustrate different mechanisms in controlling shock instability. Numerical experiments are presented to verify our analysis results. The conclusion is that the scheme of restricting directly instability source is more stable than other hybrid schemes.
An Iterative Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Solving the Nonlinear Poisson Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Yin Peimeng , Huang Yunqing , Liu Hailiang
Published: July 2016

An iterative discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is proposed to solve the nonlinear Poisson Boltzmann (PB) equation. We first identify a function space in which the solution of the nonlinear PB equation is iteratively approximated through a series of linear PB equations, while an appropriate initial guess and a suitable iterative parameter are selected so that the solutions of linear PB equations are monotone within the identified solution space. For the spatial discretization we apply the direct discontinuous Galerkin method to those linear PB equations. More precisely, we use one initial guess when the Debye parameterλ=(1), and a special initial guess forλ≫1 to ensure convergence. The iterative parameter is carefully chosen to guarantee the existence, uniqueness, and convergence of the iteration. In particular, iteration steps can be reduced for a variable iterative parameter. Both one and two-dimensional numerical results are carried out to demonstrate both accuracy and capacity of the iterative DG method for both cases ofλ=(1) andλ≪ 1. The (m+ 1)th order of accuracy forL2andmth order of accuracy forH1forPmelements are numerically obtained.
Second-Order Two-Scale Analysis Method for the Heat Conductive Problem with Radiation Boundary Condition in Periodical Porous Domain
Authors: Ma Qiang , Cui Junzhi
Published: July 2016

In this paper a second-order two-scale (SOTS) analysis method is developed for a static heat conductive problem in a periodical porous domain with radiation boundary condition on the surfaces of cavities. By using asymptotic expansion for the temperature field and a proper regularity assumption on the macroscopic scale, the cell problem, effective material coefficients, homogenization problem, first-order correctors and second-order correctors are obtained successively. The characteristics of the asymptotic model is the coupling of the cell problems with the homogenization temperature field due to the nonlinearity and nonlocality of the radiation boundary condition. The error estimation is also obtained for the original solution and the SOTS’s approximation solution. Finally the corresponding finite element algorithms are developed and a simple numerical example is presented.
DelPhi Web Server: A Comprehensive Online Suite for Electrostatic Calculations of Biological Macromolecules and Their Complexes
Authors: Sarkar Subhra , Witham Shawn , Zhang Jie , Zhenirovskyy Maxim , Rocchia Walter , Alexov Emil
Published: July 2016

Here we report a web server, the DelPhi web server, which utilizes DelPhi program to calculate electrostatic energies and the corresponding electrostatic potential and ionic distributions, and dielectric map. The server provides extra services to fix structural defects, as missing atoms in the structural file and allows for generation of missing hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen placement and the corresponding DelPhi calculations can be done with user selected force field parameters being either Charmm22, Amber98 or OPLS. Upon completion of the calculations, the user is given option to download fixed and protonated structural file, together with the parameter and Delphi output files for further analysis. Utilizing Jmol viewer, the user can see the corresponding structural file, to manipulate it and to change the presentation. In addition, if the potential map is requested to be calculated, the potential can be mapped onto the molecule surface. The DelPhi web server is available fromhttp://compbio.clemson.edu/delphi_webserver.
Interannual variability of the boreal summer tropical UTLS in
observations and CCMVal-2 simulations
Authors: Kunze Markus , Braesicke Peter , Langematz Ulrike , Stiller Gabriele
Published: July 2016

Abstract. During boreal summer the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) in the Northern Hemisphere shows a distinct maximum in water vapour (H2O) mixing ratios and a coincident minimum in ozone (O3) mixing ratios, both confined within the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA). This well-known feature has been related to transport processes emerging above the convective systems during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), further modified by the dynamics of the AMA. We compare the ability of chemistry–climate models (CCMs) to reproduce the climatological characteristics and variability of H2O, O3, and temperature in the UTLS during the boreal summer with MIPAS satellite observations and ERA-Interim reanalyses. By using a multiple linear regression model the main driving factors, the strength of the ASM, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are separated. The regression patterns related to ENSO show a coherent, zonally asymmetric signal for temperatures and H2O mixing ratios for ERA-Interim and the CCMs and suggest a weakening of the ASM during ENSO warm events. The QBO modulation of the lower-stratospheric temperature near the Equator is well represented as a zonally symmetric pattern in the CCMs. Changes in H2O and O3 mixing ratios are consistent with the QBO-induced temperature and circulation anomalies but less zonally symmetric than the temperature pattern. Regarding the ASM, the results of the regression analysis show for ERA-Interim and the CCMs enhanced H2O and reduced O3 mixing ratios within the AMA for stronger ASM seasons. The CCM results can further confirm earlier studies which emphasize the importance of the Tibetan Plateau/southern slope of the Himalayas as the main source region for H2O in the AMA. The results suggest that H2O is transported towards higher latitudes at the north-eastern edge of the AMA rather than towards low equatorial latitudes to be fed into the tropical pipe.
Stratospheric Air Sub-sampler (SAS) and its application to analysis
of Δ17O(CO2) from small air samples collected with an AirCore
Authors: Mrozek Dorota Janina , van der Veen Carina , Hofmann Magdalena E. G. , Chen Huilin , Kivi Rigel , Heikkinen Pauli , Röckmann Thomas
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We present the setup and a scientific application of the Stratospheric Air Sub-sampler (SAS), a device to collect and to store the vertical profile of air collected with an AirCore (Karion et al., 2010) in numerous sub-samples for later analysis in the laboratory. The SAS described here is a 20 m long 1/4 inch stainless steel tubing that is separated by eleven valves to divide the tubing into ten identical segments, but it can be easily adapted to collect more or less smaller or larger samples. In the collection phase the SAS is directly connected to the outlet of an optical analyzer that measures the mole fractions of CO2, CH4 and CO from an AirCore sampler. The stratospheric part (or if desired any part of the AirCore air) is then directed through the SAS. When the SAS is filled with the selected air, the valves are closed and the vertical profile is maintained in the different segments of the SAS. The segments can later be analyzed to retrieve vertical profiles of other trace gas signatures that require slower instrumentation. As an application, we describe the coupling of the SAS to an analytical system to determine the 17O excess of CO2, which is a tracer for photochemical processing of stratospheric air. For this purpose the analytical system described by Mrozek et al. (2015) was adapted for analysis of air directly from SAS. The performance of the coupled system is demonstrated for a set of air samples from an AirCore flight in November 2014 near Sodankylä, Finland. The standard error for a 25 mL air sample at stratospheric CO2 mole fraction is 0.56 ‰ (1 σ) for δ17O and 0.03 ‰ (1 σ) for both δ18O and δ13C. Measured Δ17O(CO2) values show a clear correlation with N2O in agreement with already published data.
Profiling aerosol optical, microphysical and hygroscopic properties in ambient conditions by combining in-situ and
remote sensing
Authors: Tsekeri Alexandra , Amiridis Vassilis , Marenco Franco , Nenes Athanasios , Marinou Eleni , Solomos Stavros , Rosenberg Phil , Trembath Jamie , Nott Graeme J. , Allan James , Le Breton Michael , Bacak Asan , Coe Hugh , Percival Carl , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We present the In-situ/Remote sensing aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (IRRA) that combines airborne in-situ and lidar remote sensing data to retrieve vertical profiles of ambient aerosol optical, microphysical and hygroscopic properties, employing the ISORROPIA II model for acquiring the hygroscopic growth. Here we apply the algorithm on data collected from the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the ACEMED campaign in Eastern Mediterranean: vertical profiles of aerosol microphysical properties have been derived successfully for an aged smoke plume near the city of Thessaloniki with typical lidar ratios of ~ 60–80 sr at 532 nm, along with single scattering albedos of ~ 0.9–0.95 at 550 nm. The aerosol layer reaches the 3.5 km with aerosol optical depth at ~ 0.4 at 532 nm. Our analysis shows that the smoke particles are highly hydrated above land, with 55 % and 80 % water volume content for ambient relative humidity of 80 % and 90 %, respectively. The proposed methodology is highly advantageous for aerosol characterization in humid conditions and can find valuable applications in aerosol-cloud interaction schemes. Moreover, it can be used for the validation of active space-borne sensors, as is demonstrated here for the case of CALIPSO.
Effect of secondary organic aerosol coating thickness on the real-time detection and characterization of biomass burning soot by two particle mass spectrometers
Authors: Ahern Adam T. , Subramanian R. , Saliba Georges , Lipsky Eric M. , Donahue Neil M. , Sullivan Ryan C.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Biomass burning is a large source of light-absorbing refractory black carbon (rBC) particles with a wide range of morphologies and sizes. The net radiative forcing from these particles is strongly dependent on the amount and composition of non-light absorbing material internally mixed with the rBC, and on the morphology of the mixed particles. Understanding how the mixing state and morphology of biomass-burning aerosol evolves in the atmosphere is critical for constraining the influence of these particles on radiative forcing and climate. We investigated the response of two commercial laser-based particle mass spectrometers, the VUV ablation LAAPTOF and the IR vaporization SP-AMS, to monodisperse biomass-burning particles as we sequentially coated the particles with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from α-pinene ozonolysis. We studied three mobility-selected soot core sizes, each with a number of successively thicker coatings of SOA applied. Using IR laser vaporization, the SP-AMS had different changes in sensitivity to rBC compared to potassium as a function of applied SOA coatings. We show that this is due to different effective beam widths for the IR laser vaporization region of potassium versus black carbon. The SP-AMS’s sensitivity to BC mass was not observed to plateau following successive SOA coatings, despite achieving high OA : BC mass ratios > 9. We also measured the ion fragmentation pattern of biomass-burning rBC and found it changed only slightly with increasing SOA mass. The LAAPTOF demonstrated a linear average organic matter ion signal in response to the condensed SOA mass on individual particles, despite the inhomogeneity of the particle core compositions. This demonstrates that the LAAPTOF can obtain quantitative mass measurements of aged soot particle composition from realistic biomass-burning particles with complex morphologies and composition.
Archive of bacterial community in anhydrite crystals from a deep-sea basin provides evidence of past oil-spilling in a benthic environment in the Red Sea
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Tie Gang , Wang Meng Ying , Lai Qi Liang , Li Jiang Tao , Gao Zhao Ming , Shao Zong Ze , Qian Pei Yuan
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In deep-sea sediment, the microbes present in anhydrite crystals after mild hydrothermal activities are markers of the past environment. In this study, this hypothesis was tested by analyzing the metagenome of an anhydrite crystal sample from a hydrothermal and hypersaline sediment core sampled from the Atlantis II Deep in the Red Sea. The 16S/18S rRNA genes in the metagenome were assigned to Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi and even invertebrate species. The dominant species in the crystals was an alkane-degrading Alcanivorax bacterium, which was not detected in the adjacent sediment layer. Using a genome-binning method, a draft genome of the Alcanivorax bacterium was separated from the metagenome. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses revealed that this species was a close relative of Alcanivorax borkumensis Sk2. The draft genome contained all the functional genes for alkane utilization and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Fluorescence microscopy using 16S rRNA and marker gene probes revealed intact cells of the Alcanivorax bacterium in the crystals. Moreover, the metagenomes of the anhydrites and control sediment contained aromatic degradation pathways, which were mostly derived from Ochrobactrum sp. The estimated age of the anhydrite layer was between 750–770 years, which might span the event of hydrothermal eruption into the benthic floor. Altogether, these results support the presence of an oxic, oil-spilling benthic environment in the Atlantis II basin of the Red Sea in approximately the 14th century. The original microbial inhabitants underwent a dramatic selection process via drastic environmental changes following the formation of an overlying anoxic brine pool in the basin due to hydrothermal activities.
The effect of warm summer 2012 on seasonal and annual methane dynamics in adjacent small lakes on the ice-free margin of Greenland
Authors: Cadieux Sarah B. , White Jeffrey R. , Pratt Lisa M.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In thermally stratified lakes, the greatest annual methane emissions typically occur during thermal overturn events. In July of 2012, Greenland experienced significant warming that resulted in substantial melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet and enhanced runoff events. This unusual climate phenomenon provided an opportunity to examine the effects of short-term natural heating on lake thermal structure and methane dynamics and compare these observations with those from the following year when temperatures were normal. Here, we focus on methane concentrations within the water column of 5 adjacent small lakes on the ice-free margin of Southwest Greenland under open-water and ice-covered conditions from 2012–2014. Enhanced warming of the epilimnion in the lakes under open-water conditions in 2012 led to strong thermal stability and the development of anoxic hypolimnions in each of the lakes. As a result, during open-water conditions, mean dissolved methane concentrations in the water column were significantly (p