bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Optical Probe Based on Schiff Base with Biological Application
Authors: BAYRAKCI Mevlüt , YILMAZ Bahar
Published: August 2020

A series of facile optical probe has been easily developed by a one-step Schiff base type reaction of 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and ortho, meta or para aminophenol. Schiff base compounds as fluorescence sensor were utilized to identify metal ions by spectrophotometric techniques. The data of absorption and emission spectra displayed the extraordinary selective and sensitive sensor properties for Schiff base probe derived from ortho aminophenol (SB-2) toward Al3+ ions. Upon introducing Al3+ ions, an excellent increase in the fluorescence intensity of the probe (SB-2) resulting in color change was observed because of blocking the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism of azomethine unit. The specific bonding mode of probe (SB-2) with Al3+ was verified by using a series of spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, and UV-vis (Job-plot data). The detection limit of probe (SB-2) toward Al3+was determined around 10−7M. Furthermore, cell imaging studies of probe (SB-2) were also performed and from these experiments, it was seen that the presence of even trace amounts of Al3+ in living cells could be noticeably detected by (SB-2). In this study, antimicrobial properties of Schiff base compounds were also carried out towards some selected bacteria species. This presented work provides a method for design, facile synthesis and application of effective fluorescence probes toward Al3+ ions in biological systems.
An Application of Polydopamine-dip Coating as a Gentle Surface Modification Process for Cryogel Disks
Authors: ÖZBEK Gözde , GEZİCİ Orhan , BAYRAKCI Mevlüt
Published: August 2020

The process called “polydopamine-dip coating” was successfully applied to modify the surface of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), PHEMA, cryogel disks for the first time. This facile surface modification process fitted very well to the chemistry of cryogels since the integrity of the cryogel disks was maintained during the whole process. Polydopamine (PDA) nanocoating process was observed to be homogeneously performed through the pores and there was a net color change from white to brown after 24 h. The obtained (brownish) material (PHEMA-PDA) was characterized with respect to FTIR spectroscopy, pHpzc, and water-holding capacity analyses. The potential of this new material was studied by utilizing it as an adsorbent for the adsorption of Ni(II) from synthetic aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed on the basis of the Langmuir, the Freundlich, and the Temkin isotherm models. In general, Ni(II) adsorption on PHEMA-PDA was evaluated as a favorable process as depicted from the studied models. The proposed approach was found to be a promising post-surface modification process for tailoring the surface of monolithic cryogels without any difficult synthesis steps and harsh chemicals.
Sübstitüe Fenetilaminlerin Bazı Simetrik ve Asimetrik Üre Türevlerinin Sentezi
Authors: ÖZGERİŞ Bünyamin
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, sübstitüe fenetilaminlerden (8-12) karbonildiimidazol (CDI) ile ılıman şartlarda simetrik ve asimetrik bazı üre türevleri (13-22) sentezlenmiştir. Bunun için öncelikle sübstitüe fenetilaminler karbonildiimidazol ile su içerisinde reaksiyona sokulmuş ve imidazolid ara ürününün oluşmasından sonra ikinci bir sübstitüe fenetilamin (8-12) verilerek hedef ürünler (13-22) % 43 - % 66 arasında verimlerle sentezlenmiştir. Bunun için öncelikle sübstitüe fenetilaminler karbonildiimidazol ile su içerisinde reaksiyona sokulmuş ve imidazolid ara ürününün oluşmasından sonra ikinci bir sübstitüe fenetilamin (8-12) verilerek hedef ürünler (13-22) % 43 - % 66 arasında verimlerle sentezlenmiştir.
Lophanthus turcicus’un Antioksidan Özellikleri, C Vitamini, İz element ve Mineral Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BAKIR Ahmet , EKİN Suat , FIRAT Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Lamiaceae familyasına ait Lophanthus turcicus (LT) ülkemizde Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yetişen endemik bir bitki türüdür. Bu çalışmada, LT bitki çiçeğinden elde edilen metanol ekstraktın antioksidan özellikleri, C vitamini içeriğini, iz element ve mineral bileşimlerini belirlemektir. İz element ve mineral konsantrasyonları indüktif eşleştirilmiş plazma-optik emisyon spektrometresi (ICP-OES) ve atomik absorbsiyon spektroskopisi (AAS) ile yapıldı. Element değerleri sırasıyla Mg > Ca > K > Na > Zn > Mn > Fe > P > Ti > Sr > Cu > Cr > Pb > Co > Mo > As > Cd > Be > Sn olarak tespit edilmiştir. LT bitki çiçeğindeki metanol ekstraktındaki toplam antioksidan aktivite, fenol, flavonoid ve C vitamini içeriği sırasıyla 26.42 ± 1.68 (mM askorbik asit g-1), 13.44 ± 0.68 (mg gallik asit g-1) ve 4.31 ± 0.36 (mg kuersetin g-1), 113.73 ± 11.81 mg 100g-1 şeklinde tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada DPPH IC50 122.30 ± 7.68 ug mL-1, pozitif kontrol olan BHT için ise 87.98 ± 6.39 ug mL-1 ve ABTS katyon radikali için IC50 46.97 ± 2.03 ug mL-1, pozitif kontrol olan troloks ise 18.47 ± 2.53 ug mL-1 olarak değerler bulunmuştur. Bitki çiçeğinin DPPH ve ABTS radikalini süpürme aktivitesi pozitif kontrole göre düşük olmakla beraber diğer bitki türleri ile karşılaştırıldığında iyi bir süpürme aktivitesine sahip olduğu belirlendi. C vitamini içeriğinin yüksek olması, önemli bazı eser elementlerin varlığı ile toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve antioksidan aktivite açısından üstün ve güçlü antioksidan kapasite göstermesi ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için referans oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.
Panel Konumu ve Açısının Fotovoltaik Panel Karakteristiği Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: GELİŞ Kadir , AKYÜREK Eda Feyza , YOLADI Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Enerji kaynaklarının hızla tükendiği ve enerji verimliliğinin her geçen gün daha da önemli olduğu günümüzde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının temel unsuru olan güneşten maksimum faydayı sağlamak ve güneşten faydalanan sistemlerin daha anlaşılır hale gelmesi hakkında çalışmalar yapmak kaçınılmazdır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından olan fotovoltaik hücreler içinde bulunan yarı iletken malzemeler vasıtasıyla güneş ışınımını elektrik enerjisine dönüştürmektedir. Bitmez tükenmez bir enerji kaynağı olarak anılan güneşten maksimum faydanın sağlanması ve güneş ışınlarından enerji elde edilmesi konusu bilim insanlarının temel ilgi alanlarından birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada da yapay bir ışık kaynağı kullanılarak 120 W gücündeki bir fotovoltaik panelin yapay ışık kaynağı ile fotovoltaik paneller arasındaki mesafe (0.8 m-1.4 m-2 m) ve yapay ışık kaynağı ile fotovoltaik paneller arasındaki açının (0°- 20°- 40°) değişimi ile fotovoltaik panel karakteristiği arasında deneysel bir çıkarım yapmak üzere çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar yapay ışık kaynağı ile fotovoltaik panel arasındaki mesafenin artması ile güç üretiminin azaldığını ve fotovoltaik panel ile yapay ışık kaynağı arasındaki açının artışı ile güç üretiminin azaldığını göstermiştir.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Ԑ-caprolactone-b-Styrene) Block Copolymer by Ring-Opening Polymerization and Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
Authors: SAVAŞ Bedrettin , ÖZTÜRK Temel
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of the block copolymer was carried out using the RAFT polymerization technique and the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) technique using a novel two functional initiator (RAFT-ROP agent). For this purpose, RAFT-ROP agent was obtained using 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and potassium salt of ethyl xanthogenate. RAFT-macro agent was synthesized by ROP of ɛ-caprolactone (CL) with RAFT-ROP agent. Then, poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-styrene) block copolymer was synthesized using RAFT polymerization in the presence of RAFT-macro agent using styrene. The products were characterized using GPC, FT-IR and 1H-NMR analyses. Decomposition temperatures of the block copolymer were monitored by TGA method. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses revealed that the reactions were successfully carried out.
Spectroscopic Comparison of 4-Isopropyl-N, N-Bis (4-Azidophenyl) Aniline molecule (IPAPA): DFT and MEP Analysis
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Ertuğrul , ATA Ahmet Çağrı , YILDIKO Ümit , ÇAKMAK İsmail
Published: August 2020

Nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational, structural and electronic properties for 4-isopropyl-N, N-Bis (4-azidophenyl) aniline (IPAPA) were determined by quantum chemical calculations of the DFT method. The results were compared with experimental 1H-NMR spectral data. Theoretical chemical calculations and experimental values were in harmony. The band gap of HOMO - LUMO indicates that the IPAPA molecule is chemically active and has charge transfer in the monomer. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEPS) maps were drawn to identify the reactive regions of the IPAPA molecule. Hybrid functional B3LYP and hybrid exchange–correlation functional named CAM-B3LYP methods of density functional theory (DFT) were selected as the study method. In both methods, molecular optimization and electronic properties were obtained by using 6-311 ++ G (d, p) base set. In addition, HOMO and LUMO energies have been used to identify spherical reactivity and to determine chemical stability.
The Evaluation of Inhibition Effects of Antibiotics on the Sheep Stomach Carbonic Anhydrase I and II Isozymes
Authors: KILINÇ Namık , BEYDEMİR Şükrü
Published: August 2020

Carbonic anhydrases are vital class of enzymes that participate in so many essential physiological events in the organism and associated with many diseases. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase enzymes are used in pharmacological applications in many areas such as antiobesity, antiglaucoma, anticancer agents and anticonvulsants. So, this study focuses on the characterization of CA-I and CA-II isoenzymes purified from sheep stomach and investigating the inhibition effects of antibiotics on these enzymes. The findings show that the antibiotics studied strongly inhibit CA-I and CA-II isozymes. In our presented study, using Sepharose 4B-L-Tyrosine sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography, carbonic anhydrase I and carbonic anhydrase II isoenzymes were purified from sheep stomach with a yield of 51.9%, 78%, respectively and specific activity of CA I and CA II are 4864.8 EU/mg and 5652.02 EU/mg, respectively. The overall purifications from sheep stomach CA I and CA II were approximately 529.4 and 615.2 fold respectively. To check the purify of the enzymes, it was conducted an electrophoretic method so-called Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and single bands were detected for both enzymes. Additionally, the effects of antibiotics on sheep stomach CA I and CA II isozymes activities, using both hydratase and esterase activity methods, were researched. IC50 values of enrofloxacin, tylosin and ampicillin antibiotics that inhibit CA I enzyme with hydratase activity were found as 1.41, 0.033 and 1.56 mM, respectively. IC50 values for CA II enzyme with hydratase activity of the same antibiotics were found as 2.47, 0.039 and 1.63 mM, respectively. Kanamycin and amikacin antibiotics inhibited both CA I and CA II enzymes with esterase activity. IC50 values for CA I and CA II enzymes with esterase activity of kanamycin antibiotic were determined as 0.0488 and 0.118 mM, respectively. IC50 values of amikacin for CA I and CA II enzymes with esterase activity were determined as 0.0163 and 0.036 mM, respectively.
Optimization of the Effect of Cutting Parameters on the Cutting Force in the Gradual Turning Process by Taguchi Method
Authors: İYNEN Oğur , ŞAHİNOĞLU Abidin , ÖZDEMİR Mustafa , YILMAZ Volkan
Published: August 2020

In this experimental study, AISI 4140 steel was subjected to machining experiments on the CNC lathe. The effect of cutting forces (radial force (Fx), tangential force (Fy) and feed force (Fz)) depending on the cutting parameters were investigated experimentally. As cutting parameters, three different cutting speeds (V) (100 m min-1, 140 m min-1 and 180 m min-1), feed rates (f) (0.08 mm rev-1, 0.12 mm rev-1 and 0.16 mm rev-1) and cutting depths (a) (0.5 mm, 0.9 mm and 1.3 mm) were preferred. The experimental design was made according to the Taguchi L9 vertical array. The effects of cutting parameters on cutting forces and contribution rates were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The effect levels of cutting parameters on cutting forces were determined using the S/N ratio. Optimum cutting parameters are defined. After ANOVA analysis, it was determined that the feed rate was effective on the radial force and tangential force, while the depth of cut was effective on the feed force. According to the verification experiments, it was seen that the optimization was successfully applied.
The Determination of Inhibition Effect of Extracts of Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. et Aznav. Subsp on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Authors: GÜR Tuğba , KARAHAN Fatih , BAŞ Zehra , TÜRKOĞLU Vedat
Published: August 2020

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, peptidyldipeptidase A, EC 3.4.15.1) has got a significant role in the arrangement of blood pressure. ACE inhibitors usually play a part in the therapies of hypertension. Hypertension is an significant cardiovascular risk factor. The main purpose of the treatment is to reduce the incidence of hypertension. In this study, the inhibition effect of butanol and water extracts of Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. et Aznav. Subsp on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in human plasma was investigated. ACE activity was calculated at 345 nm spectrophotometrically. Extracts of Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. et Aznav. subsp plant with water and butanol were made. The effectiveness of these extracts on ACE activity was researched. Water and butanol extracts of Thymbra sintenisii indicated inhibition impact on ACE. IC50 values for water and butanol extracts of Thymbra sintenisii was measured to be 1.696 mg mL-1 and 0.395 mg mL-1 respectively. Inhibition type for water and butanol extracts of Thymbra sintenisii from Lineweaver-Burk chart was defined to be non-competitive inhibition. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are utilized in the therapy of hypertension. On the other hand, synthetic ACE inhibitors exhibit a large number of adverse effects. Therefore, ACE inhibitors have been newly researched from native herbs. These conclusions demonstrate that water and butanol extracts of Thymbra sintenisii plant may have an ACE inhibition capacity.
Vortex-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and spectrofluorometric determination of Rhodamine B in anti-freeze, lipstick, liquid soap, matches and red pencil core
Authors: BİŞGİN Abdullah Taner
Published: August 2020

A simple, centrifugeless vortex-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction method was developed for spectrofluorometric determination of Rhodamine B dye. Analytical extraction parameters including pH, type and amount of ionic liquid, salt concentration, vortex rate and time were examined and optimized. Matrix effects of potentially interfering ions and dyes were investigated and their tolerable concentrations were determined by applying optimum conditions. Detection limit and preconcentration factor were determined 0.01 μg L-1 and 30, respectively. Dynamic range of the method was linear at RhB concentration range between 0.025 and 1000 μg L-1. Relative standard deviations were 3.9% for the ten replicates measurements of 0.125 μg L-1 Rhodamine B. The method was successfully applied to different samples including anti-freezes, liquid soap, matches, red pencil core and lipsticks. RhB concentrations of liquid and solid samples were determined between 2.05 μg mL-1 and 10.05 μg mL-1 and 307 μg g-1 and 2.75 mg g-1, respectively.
The Effect of Fill Rate on Mechanical Properties of PLA Printed Samples
Authors: KAPTAN Arslan , KARTAL Fuat
Published: August 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) printers are a rapidly developing technology used in many fields today. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most researched and used biodegradable polymers to date. PLA stands out as a biomaterial in other industries due to its many benefits, as it replaces conventional petrochemical-based polymers. The main purpose of this study is; to investigate the effect of different fill rates (5%, 50% and 100%) on the mechanical properties of samples produced from PLA in 3D printers. For each filling ratio, 5 samples were produced for bending test defined by ASTM D-790 standard and tensile tests defined by ASTM D-638 standard. In this study, it is aimed to model a printer producing with stacking technology and to compare the effects of occupancy rate on mechanical properties in the modeled 3D printer.
Adsorption of Aniline from Aqueous System by Highly Fluorinated Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-2)
Authors: SATILMIŞ Bekir
Published: August 2020

Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) are documented as suitable materials for organic adsorption applications. Intrinsic porous structure along with a solution-processability behaviour make them attractive for the adsorption of organic contaminants from water. In this research, PIM-2 powder was synthesised and the exploitation of PIM-2 for aniline removal was studied using a batch adsorption process. The effect of several variables were explored including initial aniline concentration, adsorption time and temperature. Adsorption reached the equilibrium after five hours and experimental adsorption capacity (qe, exp) was found as 79.7 mg g-1 for aniline at pH 6 and 298K. Isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich and Liu) and kinetic models (pseudo first order and pseudo second order) and elovich model were applied using non-linear regression analysis. In addition, various errors analysis approaches were used to determine the most appropriate isotherm and kinetic models. Pseudo second order model and Liu isotherm fitted well for aniline adsorption. Maximum adsorption capacity (qm) were computed as 82.4 mg g-1 for aniline at pH 6 and 298 K based on the Liu adsorption model. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was physical, spontaneous and exothermic.
Helisel İç Borulu Isı Değiştiricilerde Isı Transferi ve Basınç Düşümü Analizinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: KOCA Tarkan , ZEDELİ Aykut
Published: August 2020

Bir ısı değiştiricisinde en önemli amaç sıcak suyun çıkış sıcaklık değeri ile soğuk suyun çıkış sıcaklık değerinin birbirine çok yakın olmasıdır. Yapılan bütün çalışmalarda bu hedefe ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sıcaklıklar birbirine yaklaştırmaya çalışıldıkça basınç düşümleri de meydana gelmektedir. Basınç düşümlerinin artması sisteme işletme masrafı olarak yansımakta ve maliyeti artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada helis sayısı farklı olan helisel iç borulu ısı değiştiricisinin dik konumlandırılmasıyla ısı transferinin artırılması deneysel olarak ele alınmıştır. Dik konumlandırılan ısı değiştiricisindeki ısı transferi miktarını ve basınç düşümünü analiz etmek için deney seti kurulmuştur. Isı transferi ve basınç düşümü farklı kapasite oranlarında, farklı debilerde analiz edilmiştir. Helisel iç borular bakırdan imal edilmiştir. Isı değiştiricisinin dış borusu ise çelik malzemeden imal edilmiştir. Isıtıcı ile elde edilen sıcak su besleme tankından ısı değiştiricideki helisel bakır borulara yönlendirilerek üstten girmekte ve alttan çıkmaktadır. Soğuk su ise ısı değiştiriciye alttan girip üstten çıkmaktadır. Bu şekilde akış düzeni oluşturularak akışın zıt yönlü olması sağlanmıştır. Isı değiştiricisinde kullanılan helisel bakır boruların helis sayıları artırılarak ısı transferinde bir iyileşme deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlarla oluşturulan grafiklerde görülmüştür. Deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlarla literatürde verilen değerler arasında uyum olduğu saptanmıştır.
Numerical modelling of FC bacteria using a dynamic and variable mortality rate
Authors: Mohammadi Siavash , Kashefipour Seyed Mahmood
Published: August 2020

Faecal coliform (FC) microorganisms are one of the most important indicators in water quality management, since their presence reveals the possibility of existence of other dangerous microorganisms, leading to higher health risks. An accurate estimate of the concentration of this indicator helps better evaluation of the water pollution in riverine basins; thus, it is essential for future developments. The FC mortality rate depends on the physical, chemical, and biological processes in rivers. These processes are generally affected by environmental conditions. In this study, the decay coefficient (K) or mortality rate are related to the environmental parameters such as temperature, turbidity, pH, and salinity by an empirical equation. The results showed that turbidity and temperature are the most effective parameters. Moreover, an empirical equation was developed utilizing numerical model calibration, which describes the relationship of the mortality rate (K) with water temperature and turbidity. This equation was then added to the water quality module of the FASTER numerical model. Comparison of the measured FC concentrations with the predicted values obtained from the numerical model showed that the model accuracy significantly improved for the dynamic and variable decay coefficient.
Variability of water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions and the potential infection risk following cesarean delivery in rural Rwanda
Authors: Robb Katharine Ann , Habiyakare Caste , Kateera Fredrick , Nkurunziza Theoneste , Dusabe Leila , Kubwimana Marthe , Powell Brittany , Koch Rachel , Gruendl Magdalena , Ngamije Patient , Riviello Robert , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany
Published: August 2020

Safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is critical for the prevention of postpartum infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the WASH conditions women are exposed to following cesarean section in rural Rwanda. We assessed the variability of WASH conditions in the postpartum ward of a district hospital over two months, the WASH conditions at the women's homes, and the association between WASH conditions and suspected surgical site infection (SSI). Piped water flowed more consistently during the rainy month, which increased availability of water for drinking and handwashing (p < 0.05 for all). Latex gloves and hand-sanitizer were more likely to be available on weekends versus weekdays (p < 0.05 for both). Evaluation for suspected SSI after cesarean section was completed for 173 women. Women exposed to a day or more without running water in the hospital were 2.6 times more likely to develop a suspected SSI (p = 0.027). 92% of women returned home to unsafe WASH environments, with notable shortfalls in handwashing supplies and sanitation. The variability in hospital WASH conditions and the poor home WASH conditions may be contributing to SSIs after cesarean section. These relationships must be further explored to develop appropriate interventions to improve mothers’ outcomes.
ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL À DESASTRES NATURAIS PARA ÁREAS URBANAS
Authors: Nascimento Júnior Lindberg , Sant'Anna Neto João Lima
Published: August 2020

Apresenta-se uma aplicação do Social Vulnerability Index – SoVI®, com o interesse de contribuir com o estudo geográfico da vulnerabilidade social à desastres naturais em áreas urbanas. Para exemplificação utilizou-se dados do censo demográfico por setores censitários urbanos da cidade de Santos, na Zona Costeira Paulista. Foram detectadas nove componentes que explicam 75,6% da variância da vulnerabilidade em Santos. A primeira componente é a desigualdade social, racial e gênero, e uma vez que, as jovens, alfabetizadas, portadoras da cor parda e residentes em domicílios improvisados sem rendimento, são o grupo populacional mais vulnerável. Valores altos de SoVI® foram observados nos setores norte da cidade, que compreende a zona portuária, o centro e as áreas de aglomerados subnormais. Os menores índices estão distribuídos, no setor sul da cidade, especialmente na orla praiana. Em Santos, a espacialização do SoVI® apresenta-se como um subproduto de eventos históricos e contextos sócioespaciais que explicam como os processos de urbanização (precária e segregada) incorporaram diferentes níveis de vulnerabilidade social com privações de direitos à cidade e à justiça social. Assim, o SoVI® é estratégia interessante para o estudo dos riscos e desastre, desde que os processos metodológicos de elaboração sejam claros e substanciados teoricamente
Allergen Homologues, Pathogenesis-Related 1, Polygalacturonase, and Pectin Methyl Esterase from a Japanese Hop
Authors: Jang Seok Woo , Jeong Kyoung Yong , Yuk Ji Eun , Lee Jongsun , Park Kyung Hee , Park Jung-Won
Published: August 2020

Background:

Japanese hop is an important cause of weed pollinosis in East Asia. Its
pollen is abundant in autumn. This pollen is known to be the cause of many allergic diseases. However,
molecular characteristics of its allergens have not been elucidated.

Objective:

In this study, we produced recombinant proteins of allergen homologues from Japanese
hop by the analysis of expressed sequence tags (EST), and evaluated its allergenicity.

Methods:

cDNA library was constructed using as little as 50 ng of total RNA from Japanese hop
pollen. Allergen homologues were identified by the initial screening of 963 EST clones. Recombinant
proteins were overexpressed in the E. coli expression system and purified using Ni-nitrilotriacetic
acid-agarose. Purified proteins were analyzed by ELISA.

Results:

Japanese hop pathogenesis-related 1 protein (PR-1) shares 37.0 to 44.4%
of amino acid sequence identity with Art v 2, Cuc m 3, and Cyn d 24. Pectin methyl esterase (PME)
shows 23.2 to 50.2% of identities to Act d 7, Ole e 11, and Sal k 1. Polygalacturonase (PGs)
shows 16.7 to 19.3% of identities to Phl p 13, Cry j 2, Cha o 2, Jun a 2, Pla a 2, and Pla or 2. IgE
antibodies from Japanese hop allergy patients’ sera recognized PR-1 (3.4%), PME (13.8%), PGs
(3.7%), and profilin (13.8%), respectively.

Conclusion:

Novel allergenic components were identified, even though low IgE reactivity was displayed
reflecting the low degree of cross-reactivity with other pollen allergens. We believe that these
molecules have worth further studies.
Insights into the Structural Features, Conformational Stability and Functional Activity of the Olneya tesota PF2 Lectin
Authors: Acedo-Espinoza Edgar , Lagarda-Diaz Irlanda , Cabrera Rosina , Guzman-Partida Ana M. , Maldonado-Arce Amir , Ortega-Nieblas María M. , Chan-Chan Lerma , Vázquez-Moreno Luz
Published: August 2020

Background:

The O. tesota lectin PF2 is a tetrameric protein with subunits of 33 kDa
that recognizes only complex carbohydrates, resistant to proteolytic enzymes and has insecticidal
activity against Phaseolus beans pest.

Objective:

To explore PF2 lectin features at different protein structural levels and to evaluate the effect
of temperature and pH on its functionality and conformational stability.

Methods:

PF2 lectin was purified by affinity chromatography. Its primary structure was resolved
by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatic tools, including its tertiary structure homology
modeling. The effect of temperature and pH on its conformational traits and stability was addressed
by dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, and intrinsic fluorescence. The hemagglutinating
activity was evaluated using a suspension of peripheral blood erythrocytes.

Results:

The proposed PF2 folding comprises a high content of beta sheets. At pH 7 and 25°C, the
hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) was found to be 12.3 nm which corresponds to the oligomeric native
state of PF2 lectin. Dh increased under the other evaluated pH and temperature conditions, suggesting
protein aggregation. At basic pH, PF2 exhibited low conformational stability. The native PF2
(pH 7) retained its full hemagglutinating activity up to 45°C and exhibited one transition state with
a melting temperature of 76.8°C.

Conclusion:

PF2 showed distinctive characteristics found in legume lectins. The pH influences the
functionality and conformational stability of the protein. PF2 lectin displayed a relatively narrow
thermostability to the loss of secondary structure and hemagglutinating activity.
Src Family Kinases in the Central Nervous System: Their Emerging Role in Pathophysiology of Migraine and Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Nie Lingdi , Ye Wen-Rui , Chen Shangbin , Chirchiglia Domenico , Wang Minyan
Published: August 2020

Src family kinases (SFK) are a group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases which play a pivotal
role in cellular responses and oncogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggest that SFK also act as
a key component in signalling pathways of the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological
and pathological conditions. Despite the crucial role of SFK in signal transduction of the CNS, the
relationship between SFK and molecules implicated in pain has been relatively unexplored. This article
briefly reviews the recent advances uncovering the interplay of SFK with diverse membrane
proteins and intracellular proteins in the CNS and the importance of SFK in the pathophysiology of
migraine and neuropathic pain. Mechanisms underlying the role of SFK in these conditions and potential
clinical applications of SFK inhibitors in neurological diseases are also summarised. We propose
that SFK are the convergent point of signalling pathways in migraine and neuropathic pain
and may constitute a promising therapeutic target for these diseases.
Identification and Characterization of SNP Mutation in Genes Related to Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dayananda P. , Hiremath Neelambika B.
Published: August 2020

Background and Objective:

The advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has created a high throughput
platform, to identify disease traits and phenotypic characteristics using RNASeq Sequencing analysis in humans. Non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a lethal disease accounts for 85 percent of most lung cancers with very small window ofsurvival
rate. The decision of tumour image bio marker impression can be improved by gene profile. Hence there is a need to
characterise the variants in the disease manifestation.

Methods:

To understand the SNP’s in the major genes responsible for NSCLC, RNASeq data of patients aged above 50
years, were downloaded from SRA database. The quality matrix analysis is mapped to Genome reference consortium human
build 38 (GRCh38) to call the variants and identify SNP’s with the tuxedo protocol.

Results:

The SNPs and the patterns of variants were analysed to see the comparison between healthy
individuals and NSCLC patients, and in between patients of different age. Oncogenes commonly associated
with the NSCLC like KRAS, EGFR, ALK, BRAF and HER2 were mainly analysed to see
the SNPs and their characterisations with respect to the functional change done.

Conclusion:

The SNPs with the greater quality scores belonging to the above-said genes were identified,
which gives us a baseline to understand the NSCLC at the Genomic level. Further fold change
of these genes to the frequency of variants can be mapped to understand the NSCLC at a greater
depth.
The Prospect of Bioactive Peptide Research: A Review on Databases and Tools
Authors: Dong FanYi , Zhao GuiLing , Tong Huige , Zhang Zhenyuan , Lao Xingzhen , Zheng Heng
Published: August 2020

Bioactive peptides (BPs) are peptides with hormonal or pharmacological properties.
They play a key role in growth, metabolism, disease, aging and death by affecting digestion,
endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. They show the potential therapeutic
effects on blood pressure-lowering (ACE inhibitory), anticancer, antithrombotic, antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiobesity, anti-genotoxic and immunomodulatory. Companied by
the fast development and wide applications of DNA sequencing method, a wealth of bioactive
peptide sequences accumulated through empirical and bioinformatics approaches or an integrated
approach. To store and facilitate the usage of bioactive peptide data, a series of databases have
been established that concerned about different aspects of BPs. A variety of information including
sequence, source, biological activity, toxicity, physical-chemical property, and structure is stored
in these databases. This review summarizes the latest development of BPs databases and briefly
introduces the characteristics of different databases, to help readers to retrieve the required
information more easily. In addition, it also includes sequence analysis, structural simulation and
activity prediction tools, which may be helpful for the design and discovery of new bioactive
peptides.
Vulnerability to Child Maltreatment and Neglect in Italy: A Proposal of an Indicator
Authors: Cardinali Paola , Badalassi Giovanna , Emmi Valeria , Gentile Federica , Migliorini Laura
Published: August 2020

Background:

Child maltreatment and neglect is a significant social problem. Present work addresses the important issue of quantifying the vulnerability to child maltreatment and neglect, proposing the application in the Italian context of a new General Index on Vulnerability to Maltreatment and Neglect to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon.

Methods:

The paper presents the first findings of the vulnerability among Italian minors, obtained through the new General Index, based on a set of 65 indicators that already existed at the regional and national levels.

Results:

The General Index summarizes both the weaknesses of territory in terms of risk factors and its ability to react according to the policies and public services. A global index could be useful for allocating resources and monitoring progress. To understand and ensure the effectiveness of preventive interventions, it is essential to build both an overall picture at the national and regional levels.

Conclusion:

This new index could give policymakers information on where to direct their efforts to prevent child maltreatment.
Gratitude Enhances Work Engagement through Reduced Perception of Damage: A Case Study in Nepals’ Earthquake Disaster
Authors: Kim Kyungil , Tulachan Bojindra Prasad , Cho Yung-Ho , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: August 2020

How important gratitude is in terms of helping people to overcome their mental discomfort and behave adaptively? Conflicting evidence has appeared about the effects of gratitude on work engagement, and other aspects of life. In the present study, gratitude intervention was introduced to test it in the Nepali population who experienced a natural disaster, the Gorkha earthquake in 2015. Positive and negative affect, work engagement, and perceived damage were measured before, during, and after the intervention. Participants were sampled from the employees of 5-star hotel in Kathmandu valley and were assigned to one of the three conditions: Gratitude, Job Diary, and No Exposure. In gratitude, they were asked to write the names of 3 grateful people. Participants of Job Diary were instructed to write 3 major duties. No intervention was given to participants in No Exposure. This exercise lasted for two weeks. Only those in Gratitude showed increased positive affect and work engagement and decreased negative affect during this intervention. These positive changes seemed related to decreased perceived damage of a natural disaster. Even though there have been mixed results about the effect of gratitude, findings of the present study showed that it is robust even against a real disaster. Conducting research with survivors against natural disasters is extremely difficult, but more effort should be made with those who have similar experiences.
Bacterial DNA Diversity among Clear and Cloudy Sakes, and Sake-kasu
Authors: Terasaki Momoka , Nishida Hiromi
Published: August 2020

Background:

The traditional Japanese alcoholic drink, sake, is classified into two types: those that contain sediment produced during the production process (cloudy sakes) and those that do not contain such sediment (clear sakes). Leftover pressed sediment from the sake production process, sake-kasu (sake cake or sake lees), is commercially available and is highly nutritious for humans.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference among component bacterial DNA sequences of clear and cloudy sakes, and sake-kasu.

Methods:

We compared the 16S rDNA sequences from 44 samples of clear sake, 3 samples of cloudy sake, and 11 samples of sake-kasu.

Results:

The DNA sequences were divided into three major clusters; however, sequences in sake-kasu were located in just one cluster forming two lineages. The microbial diversity in sake-kasu was lower than that in clear and cloudy sakes, which may be because some of the contaminating bacterial cells do not lyse during the production process and remain intact, along with yeast cells, in sake-kasu.

Conclusion:

Bacterial DNA frequently detected in sake samples was from environmental bacterial contamination that occurs early in the sake production process. Contaminating bacteria are usually killed by the ethanol produced as the sake yeast grows; after which, if bacteria lyse, the bacterial DNA is released into the sake solution. However, if the bacterial cells do not lyse, they will precipitate toward the sediment. Thus, there is bacterial DNA diversity in clear and cloudy sake, but less diversity in sake-kasu.
Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of total withanolide glycosides and Withaferin A in Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
Authors: Antony Benny , Benny Merina , Kuruvilla Binu T. , Sebastian Anu , Aravindakshan Pillai Anu Aravind , Joseph Biji , Edappattu Chandran Sheeja
Published: August 2020

Background:

Withanolide glycosides in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), are important
metabolites attributed with widely acclaimed therapeutic potential for which validated methods
for quantitative determination are limited.

Objective:

The primary objective was to develop and validate a Reversed-Phase High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous quantification of total withanolide
glycosides (WG), withanoside IV and withaferin A present in ashwagandha extract.The study also
aimed to identify various other constituents present in the extract.

Materials and Methods:

Aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Ashwagandha was prepared and fractionated
into two viz. flavonoid rich fraction (FF) and withanolide rich fraction (WF). RP-HPLC
method was developed and validated for the estimation of total WG in ashwagandha extract according
to ICH guidelines. Preparative HPLC based purification of major compounds from WF fraction
was carried out and constituents were identified using spectroscopic techniques. HPLC chemical
profiling of WF before and after acid hydrolysis under controlled conditions was carried out to further
confirm the glycosidic compounds.

Results and Discussion:

The RP-HPLC method gave a precise differentiation of flavonoids, withanolides
and WG present in ashwagandha extract. The method demonstrated good reliability and
sensitivity, and can be conveniently used for the quantification of total WG, withanoside IV and
withaferin A present in ashwagandha extracts. According to this method, a purified fraction (WF)
prepared from roots and leaves of Ashwagandha comprise 35% of total WG, 3.27% of withanoside
IV and 2.40% of Withaferin A. The method was also applied to different products prepared from
Ashwagandha with total withanolide glycosides ranged from 1.5% to 60%, and the results were
found to be reproducible. Identification of the individual chemical constituents as well as the acid
hydrolytic pattern of the extract further supported the reliability of the developed method for the
quantitative determination of total WG. This study also reported a new withanolide glycoside
named, cilistol V-6’-O-glucoside (Aswanoside) along with some other known withanolide glycosides.

Conclusion:

A Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method
was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of total WG, withanoside IV and
withaferin A present in ashwagandha extract according to ICH guidelines. This study also reported
a new withanolide glycoside named, cilistol V-6’-O-glucoside (Aswanoside) along with some
other known WG.
Strategy for Sustainable and Green Chromatographic Separation Science: Innovation, Technology and Application
Authors: Khan Mohammad Sharif , Azmir Jannatul , da Silva Junior Ademario Iris , Wong Yong Foo , Mollah Mamun , Althakafy Jalal T. , Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam
Published: August 2020

Green separation science involves extraction, pre-concentration and chromatographic
analysis aiming at minimizing environmental impact by reducing energy and reagent usage and reducing
or eliminating waste generation. However, the enrichment of trace analytes and/or the analysis
of complex matrices most frequently require several steps before analysis, such as extraction,
pre-concentration, clean up and preparative chromatography. Thus, alternative and greener separation
techniques and solvents are replacing classical methods to diminish the carbon footprint and increase
sustainability. Moreover, many innovations are also emerging to curtail the environmental
impact of samples analysis; such as micro or nano analytical platforms, sensor-based systems and
direct injection to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The current review provides an updated account
of the green and sustainable separation science techniques. The current innovations on greener
separations and their application in different fields of study are discussed.
COVID-19: A Review on Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Possible Potential Drugs Based on Available Case Studies
Authors: Badgujar Kirtikumar C. , Patil Dipak V. , Dhangar Dipak V. , Patil Vikrant P. , Badgujar Ashish B.
Published: August 2020

:

The emerging novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a global outbreak and significant public health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a coronavirus disease outbreak a pandemic with a global public health emergency of international concern. As of now, 12th April 2020 almost 18,37,404 cases have been confirmed globally (in 209 countries) with almost 1,13,274 fatalities. This increasing number has created anxiety throughout the world, which has severely affected the whole world's culture, societies, behavioral patterns, peace and economics. At present, research on novel coronavirus is in the preliminary stage. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral to treat coronavirus disease. Also, very few case studies are available; hence it has become difficult to treat and to control this pandemic situation. In view of this, the present systematic review is done to highlight clinical epidemiology features, radiographic characteristics, and potential drugs based on available clinical case reports. Biomarkers for early diagnosis and impact of age, sex, pre-existing comorbidity on COVID-19 is also discussed. Further, this paper also outlines various possible antiviral chemical drug agents that can be potential and promising to treat this coronavirus disease in 2019. This review may be helpful for the medical practitioner, public health workers and government authorities to manage and deal with novel coronavirus disease 2019.
Прямое диссоциативное возбуждение гетероядерных и гомоядерных ионов инертных газов электронным ударом
Authors: Кислов К.С. , Нариц А.А. , Лебедев В.С.
Published: August 2020

A theoretical description of the process of dissociative excitation of a molecular ion by electron impact in the case of effective population of a huge number of its vibrational-rotational levels is presented. Our consideration is based on the quantal version of the theory of non-adiabatic transitions between the electronic terms of a molecular ion combined with replacing the summation over vJ-levels by integration over v and J. Semianalytical formulas are derived for the integral contribution of the entire vibrational-rotational quasicontinuum to the cross sections, $\sigma_T^{\mathrm{de}}(\varepsilon)$, and the rate constants, $\alpha^{\mathrm{de}}(T, T_e)$ of the process under study in a plasma with temperatures $T_e$ and $T$ of its electronic and ionic components. The developed theory is used to study the processes of dissociative excitation of heteronuclear (HeXe$^{+}$ and ArXe$^{+}$) and homonuclear (Ar$_2^{+}$ and Xe$_2^{+}$) ions of inert gases. We demonstrate a strong dependence of the results on the ion dissociation energy and large differences in the behavior and characteristic values of $\sigma_T^{\mathrm{de}}(\varepsilon)$ and $\alpha^{\mathrm{de}}(T, T_e)$ for these systems in different ranges of electron energy, $\varepsilon$, and temperatures $T_e$ and $T$. The regions of dominance of the contributions of two competing channels are determined: direct dissociative excitation and dissociative recombination into total cross sections and the rate constants of destruction of rare gas molecular ions by electron impact. Analyzing behavior of the differential rate constants of dissociative excitation per unit range of electron energy in the final channel of reaction we demonstrate qualitative differences in the dynamics of this process for weakly bound and moderately bound molecular ions.
Спектральные свойства индотрикарбоцианинового красителя в процессе самоорганизации его H-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-- и J-агрегатов
Authors: Белько Н.В. , Самцов М.П. , Луговский А.А.
Published: August 2020

Self-assembly of H*- and J-aggregates of an indotricarbocyanine dye in phosphate buffered saline was investigated. At pH value of 7.0 the dye studied was shown to form non-luminescent H*-aggregates with the absorption band peaked at 516 nm, its FWHM being 35 nm (1303 cm-1), whereas, J-aggregates are absent. At pH value of 7.4 the H*-aggregates are not formed, whereas, the J-aggregates are observed. The absorption band of the J-aggregates is peaked at 777 nm, its FWHM being 30 nm (497 cm-1). Photoluminescence quantum yield of the J-aggregates does not exceed 10-6. An increase in the solution temperature from 20 to 31oC results in a 25-fold decrease in the self-assembly time of the H*-aggregates. An increase in the solution temperature from 20 to 80oC is followed by a reversible decay of both the H*- and J-aggregates. The H*-aggregate (J-aggregate) absorption band is reduced two-fold at the solution temperature of 37oC (32oC). Thansitions of the dye aggregates to high-lying electronic excited states were evidenced in the steady-state absorption in the spectral range between 400 and 480 nm.
Люминесценция Pd и Pt бензогидропорфиразинов в ближнем ИК диапазоне
Authors: Першукевич П.П. , Волкович Д.И. , Макарова Е.А. , Лукьянец Е.А. , Соловьёв К.Н.
Published: August 2020

Phosphorescence in the near-IR range under stationary lamp excitation was studied of three palladium and three platinum complexes of benzocondensed hydroporphyrazine phthalocyanine analogues in which molecule one or two isoindole fragments are replaced by a hydrogenated pyrrole ring, giving macrocycles of photosynthetic pigments analogues of chlorin, bacteriochlorin and isobacteriochlorin types. For the first time, the phosphorescence spectra of trans-dibenzotetrahydroporphyrazines (for both platinum and palladium) have been registered, which detection failed during long time due to the record removal of 0-0 bands from the visible area (1.67 and 1.52 µm for Pd and Pt), and also because of the small quantum yield of phosphorescence. The fluorescence of these complexes was also detected.in the near-IR range. On the basis of comparison of experimental results with own and literature data for palladium complexes of a number of tetrapyrroles is shown the approximate additivity of the influence of structural factors — hydrogenation of pyrrole rings, aza- and benzo substitution — on the energy of the lower triplet state T1. The information obtained is essential for targeted creation of emitters in the near-IR range (1.0-1.7 µm).