bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress
Authors: Chiao Wan-Ting , Chen Bo-Ching , Syu Chien-Hui , Juang Kai-Wei
Published: September 2020

Background: Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. Results and discussion: After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. Conclusions: The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.
Perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19 pandemic and potential associated predictors
Authors: Abolfotouh Mostafa A. , Almutairi Adel F. , BaniMustafa Ala'a A. , Hussein Mohamed A.
Published: September 2020

Background. Healthcare workers (HCWs) face considerable mental and physical stress caring for patients with Covid-19. They are at higher risk of acquiring and transmitting this virus. This study aims to assess perception and attitude of HCWs in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19, and to identify potential associated predictors. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, HCWs at three tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia were surveyed via email with an anonymous link, by a concern scale about Covid-19 pandemic during 15-30 April, 2020. Concerns of disease severity, governmental efforts to contain it and disease outcomes were assessed using 32 concern statements in five distinct domains. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of high concern scores. Results. A total of 844 HCW responded to the survey. Their average age was 40.4±9.5 years, 40.3% were nurses, 58.2% had direct patient contact, and 77.3% were living with others. The majority of participants (72.1%) had overall concern scores of 55 or less out of a maximum score of 96 points, with an overall mean score of 48.5±12.8 reflecting moderate level of concern. Three-fourth of respondents felt at risk of contracting Covid-19 infection at work, 69.1% felt threatened if a colleague contracted Covid-19, 69.9% felt obliged to care for patients infected with Covid-19 while 27.7% did not feel safe at work using the standard precautions available. Nearly all HCWs believed that the government should isolate patients with Covid-19 in specialized hospitals (92.9%), agreed with travel restriction to and/or from areas affected by Covid-19 (94.7%) and felt safe the government implemented curfew and movement restriction periods (93.6%). Predictors of high concern scores were; HCWs of Saudi nationality (p<0.001), younger age (p=0.003), undergraduate education (p=0.044), living with others (p=0.003) working in the western region (p=0.003) and direct contact with patients (p=0.018). Conclusions. This study highlights the high concern among HCWs about Covid-19 and identifies the predictors of those with highest concern levels. To minimize the potential negative impact of those concerns on the performance of HCWs during pandemics, measures are necessary to enhance their protection and to minimize the psychological effect of the perceived risk of infection.
Business models for primary health care delivery in low and middle income countries: a scoping study of nine social entrepreneurs
Authors: Lokman Lutfi , Chahine Teresa
Published: September 2020

Background: Social enterprises are organizations created to address social problems that use business models to sustain themselves financially. Social enterprises can help increase access to primary health care in low resource settings. Research on social enterprises in health care have focused either on high-income countries, or on secondary and tertiary care in low- and middle-income countries, where common business models include differential pricing to cross-subsidize low income populations. This is the first study to examine social enterprises providing primary health care in low- and middle-income countries using primary data. The purpose is to determine whether social enterprise is a viable model in this setting and to identify common patterns and characteristics that could inform the work of social entrepreneurs, funders, and researchers in this area.Methods: We identify social entrepreneurs working to deliver primary care in low- and middle-income countries who have been vetted by international organizations dedicated to supporting social entrepreneurship. Through in-depth interviews, we collect information on medical processes, business processes, social impact, and organizational impact according to the Battacharyya et al framework. We then conducted qualitative analysis to identify common patterns emerging within these four categories.Results: Common characteristics in the business models of primary health care social enterprises include flat rate rather than differential pricing; cross-subsidizing across services rather than patients. Subscription packages and in-house IT systems were utilized to generate revenue and increase reach through telemedicine, franchising, and mobile units. In some cases, alternate revenue streams are employed to help break even. About half of the social enterprises interviewed were for-profit, and about half non-profit. The majority faced challenges in engaging with the public sector. This is still a nascent field, with most organizations being under ten years old.Conclusions: Social enterprise has been demonstrated as a feasible model for providing primary care in low resource settings, with key characteristics differing from the previously commonly studied social enterprises in tertiary care. There are opportunities to complement existing public health systems, but most organizations face challenges in doing so. More research and attention is needed by researchers, governments and funders to support social entrepreneurs and avoid parallel systems.
Characterization of the leaf microbiome from whole-genome sequencing data of the 3000 rice genomes project.
Authors: Roman-Reyna Veronica , Pinili Dale , Borja Frances Nikki , Quibod Ian Lorenzo , Groen Simon C. , Alexandrov Nikolai , Mauleon Ramil , Oliva Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Background: The crop microbial communities are shaped by interactions between the host, microbes and the environment, however, their relative contribution is beginning to be understood. Here, we explore these interactions in the leaf bacterial community across 3,024 rice accessions. Findings: By using unmapped DNA sequencing reads as microbial reads, we characterized the structure of the rice bacterial microbiome. We identified central bacteria taxa that emerge as microbial “hubs” and may have an influence on the network of host-microbe interactions. We found regions in the rice genome that might control the assembly of these microbial hubs. To our knowledge this is one of the first studies that uses raw data from plant genome sequencing projects to characterize the leaf bacterial communities. Conclusion: We showed, that the structure of the rice leaf microbiome is modulated by multiple interactions among host, microbes, and environment. Our data provide insight into the factors influencing microbial assemblage in the rice leaf and also opens the door for future initiatives to modulate rice consortia for crop improvement efforts.
Lameness in fattening pigs – Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, osteochondropathy and reduced dietary phosphorus level as three influencing factors: A case report
Authors: Wegner Birte , Tenhündfeld Jörg , Vogels Johanna , Beumer Marius , Kamphues Josef , Hansmann Florian , Rieger Hanna , Beilage Elisabeth grosse , Hennig-Pauka Isabel
Published: September 2020

Background: Multiple diagnostic procedures, their results and interpretation in a case with severe lameness in fattening pigs are described. It is shown that selected diagnostic steps lead to identification of various risk factors for disease development in the affected herd. One focus of this case report is the prioritization of diagnostic steps to verify the impact of the different conditions, which finally led to the clinical disorder. Disease is the consequence of previously acting factors, and the involved diagnostic institute is the last stage in the timeline. Some diagnostic findings might therefore no longer be significant. Assessing a sufficient dietary phosphorus (P) supply and its impact on disease development proved most difficult. The diagnostic approach based on estimated calculation of phosphorus intake is presented in detail.Case presentation: On a farrow-to-finishing farm, lameness occurred in pigs with 30-70 kg body weight. Necropsy of three diseased pigs revealed claw lesions and alterations at the knee and elbow joints. Histologic findings were characteristic of osteochondrosis. All pigs were positively tested for Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in affected joints. P values in blood did not indicate a P deficiency, while bone ashing in one of three animals resulted in a level indicating an insufficient mineral supply. Analysis of diet composition revealed a low phosphorus content in two diets, which might have led to a marginal P supply in individuals with high average daily gains with respect to development of bone mass and connective tissue prior to presentation of affected animals. Finally, the impact of dietary factors for disease development could not be evidenced in all submitted animals in this case.Conclusions: Mycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae was identified to be an important etiologic factor for disease. Other, non-infectious factors, such as osteochondrosis and claw lesions might have favored development of lameness. In addition, a relevant marginal P supply for pigs was found in a limited time period in a phase of intense growing, but the potential interaction with infection by M. hyosynoviae is unknown. The presented case of severe lameness in fattening pigs revealed that three different influences presumably act in pathogenesis. Focusing only on one factor and ignoring others might be misleading regarding subsequent decision-making for prevention and therapy. Finally, clinical symptoms disappeared after some changes in diet composition and anti-inflammatory treatment of individual animals.
Compositional and drug-resistance profiling of pathogens in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Fan Ning , Hu Yong , Shen Hong , Liu Shengjie , Zhao Guang , Sun Lanju , Li Chunyan , Zhao Xin , Li Yanning , Wang Jianhua , Cui Yunfeng
Published: September 2020

Background: Infection is one of the important causes of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) , but the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance are constantly changing. Making good use of antibiotics and controlling multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are of vital importance in improving the cure rate of SAP. We conducted a retrospective study in the hope of providing references for antibiotic selection and control of drug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of patients hospitalized in our hospital due to acute pancreatitis (AP) in the past 5 years. General data were classified and statistically analyzed. Subsequently, the bacterial spectrum characteristics and the data related to drug-resistant bacterial infection of 569 AP patients were analyzed. Finally, unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the risk factors of MDR infection. Results: A total of 398 patients were enrolled in this study and the hospitalization data and associated results were analyzed. A total of 461 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including 223 (48.4%) gram-negative bacterial strains, 190 (41.2%) gram-positive bacterial strains and 48 (10.4%) fungal strains. The detection rates of resistance in gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains were 48.0% (107/223) and 25.3% (48/190), respectively. There were significant differences between the MDR group and the non-MDR group for the factors of precautionary antibiotic use, kinds of antibiotics used, receipt of carbapenem, tracheal intubation, hemofiltration and number of hospitalization days in the intensive care unit. Unconditional logistic regression revealed 2 risk factors for MDR bacterial infection. Conclusions: Our results illustrate that gram-negative bacteria were the most common pathogens in SAP infection, and the proportion of gram-positive bacteria increased notably. The rate of antibiotic resistance was higher than previously reported. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that using more types of antibiotics and the number of hospitalization days in the ICU were the risk factors associated with MDR bacterial infection.
French hepatitis C care cascade: substantial impact of direct-acting antivirals, but the road to elimination is still long
Authors: Brouard Cécile , Pillonel Josiane , Boussac Marjorie , de Lédinghen Victor , Rachas Antoine , Silvain Christine , Lydié Nathalie , Chevaliez Stéphane , Pioche Corinne , Durand Julien , Lot Florence , Delarocque-Astagneau Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030, as targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO), requires that 90% of people with chronic infection be diagnosed and 80% treated. We estimated the cascade of care (CoC) for chronic HCV infection in mainland France in 2011 and 2016, before and after the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).Methods: The numbers of people (1) with chronic HCV infection, (2) aware of their infection, (3) receiving care for HCV and (4) on antiviral treatment, were estimated for 2011 and 2016. Estimates for 1) and 2) were based on modelling studies for 2011 and on a virological sub-study nested in a national cross-sectional survey among the general population for 2016. Estimates for 3) and 4) were made using the National Health Data System. Results: Between 2011 and 2016, the number of people with chronic HCV infection decreased by 31%, from 192,700 (95% Credibility interval: 150,900-246,100) to 133,500 (95% Confidence interval: 56,900-312,600). The proportion of people aware of their infection rose from 57.7% to 80.6%. The number of people receiving care for HCV increased by 22.5% (representing 25.7% of those infected in 2016), while the number of people on treatment increased by 24.6% (representing 12.1% of those infected in 2016).Conclusions: This study suggests that DAAs substantially impact CoC. However, access to care and treatment for infected people remained insufficient in 2016. Updating CoC estimates will help to assess the impact of new measures implemented since 2016 as part of the goal to eliminate HCV.
Has Bipolar Disorder become a predominantly female gender related condition? Analysis of recently published large sample studies
Authors: Dell'Osso Bernardo , Cafaro Rita , Ketter Terence A.
Published: September 2020

Bipolar Disorders are disabling and severe psychiatric disorders, commonly perceived as equally affecting both men and women. The prevalence of BD in the general population has been growing over the last decade, however, few epidemiological studies are available regarding BD gender distribution, leaving unanswered the question whether the often reported increment of BD diagnosis could be gender specific. In fact, BD in female patients can often be misdiagnosed as MDD, leaving such women non correctly treated for longer times than their male counterparts. From this perspective, we searched literature for large sample (>1000 subjects) studies published in the last decade (2010 onward) on BD patients. We included ten large sample studies that reported the gender distribution of their samples, and we therefore analysed them. Our results show a higher preponderance of female patients in every sample and sub-sample of BDI and BDII, supporting our hypothesis of an increase in BD diagnosis in females. BD in women presents with higher rates of rapid cycling, depressive polarity and suicide attempts, characteristics of non inferior severity compared to males; prompt recognition and adequate treatment of BD is therefore crucial to reduce risks and improve quality of life of affected women. In this regard, our results could lead the way for national or international epidemiological studies with the aim of more accurately assessing gender-specific prevalence of BD.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of T Lymphocytes and Cytokines in Aqueous Humor of Patients with Varicella Zoster Virus-mediated Acute Retinal Necrosis
Authors: Kang Hao , Wei Yunbo , Liu Ming , Yu Di , Tao Yong
Published: September 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the aqueous humor (AH) T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) to elucidate the immunologic inflammatory features of this disorder.Methods: Three patients with ARN infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) who underwent multiple intravitreal injections of ganciclovir were enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of four non-viral infectious patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Flow cytometric analysis was performed on the lymphocyte subsets from the AH and peripheral blood (PB) samples during the active phase of intraocular inflammation. Five inflammatory cytokines were measured in each AH sample and various clinical characteristics were also assessed.Results: VZV DNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in AH from all the ARN patients, who showed higher CD8+ T lymphocytes population in AH than the AAU patients (p=0.006). CD4/CD8 ratios of T lymphocytes and the percentage of CD8+CD25+ T lymphocytes in AH were significantly lower in ARN than in AAU (p=0.006; p=0.012). In the ARN patients, the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in AH were higher than those found in PB. The percentage of CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes in AH was significantly higher than the proportion in PB in the AAU patients (p=0.001). Immunoregulatory cytokine Interleukin-10 in AH was significantly elevated in the ARN patients in comparison with the case of the AAU patients (p=0.036). In ARN, the copy number of VZV DNA in AH positively correlated with the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in AH and negatively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio in AH during the course of disease treatment (p=0.009, r=0.92; p=0.039, r=-0.834).Conclusion: The ARN patients caused by VZV had different intraocular T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines profile than those of the non-viral infectious patients. High percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes and low CD4/CD8 T cell ratios may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of viral-infectious uveitis. T lymphocytes examination at the inflammatory sites has the potential to become a useful research tool for differentiating viral and non-viral uveitis.
Marine Furanocembranoids-Inspired Macrocycles Enabled by Pd-catalyzed Unactivated C(sp3)-H Insertion Reaction of Donor/Donor Carbenes
Authors: Hao Jiping , Guo Xueying , He Shijun , Xu Zhongliang , Chen Lu , Li Zhongyu , Song Bichao , Zuo Jianping , Lin Zhenyang , Yang Weibo
Published: September 2020

Biomimetic modularization and function-oriented synthesis of structurally diversified natural product-like macrocycles in a step-economical fashion is highly desirable. Inspired by marine furanocembranoids, herein, we unprecedentedly synthesized diverse alkenes substituted furan-embedded macrolactams via a modular biomimetic assembly strategy. The success of this assembly is the development of crucial Pd-catalyzed carbene coupling between ene-yne-ketones as donor/donor carbene precursors and unactivated Csp3‒H bonds which represents a great challenge in organic synthesis. Notably, this method not only obviates the use of unstable, explosive, and toxic diazo compounds, but also can be amenable to allenyl ketones carbene precursors. DFT calculations demonstrated that a 1,4-Pd shift could be involved in the mechanism. Moreover, the collected furanocembranoids-like macrolactams showed significant anti-inflammatory activities against TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and the low cytotoxicity is comparable to Dexamethasone.
Predicting Visual Acuity in Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy: Evaluation of Image Parameters
Authors: Huang Chu-Yen , Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Yeh Lung-Kun , Wu An-Lun , Liu Pei-Kang , Huang I-Wen , Ryu Joseph , Liu Laura , Wu Wei-Chi , Lai Chi-Chun , Chen Kuan-Jen , Wang Nan-Kai
Published: September 2020

Background: To analyze multiple imaging modalities in patients with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) and to investigate which factors from these modalities are associated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Methods: In this prospective observational study, the eyes were separated into group 1 (BCVA £ 20/200) and group 2 (BCVA > 20/200). Data including BCVA and characteristic findings from near-infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and spectral domain-optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were analyzed and compared. The outcome measures of multimodal imaging were evaluated for correlation with BCVA.Results: NIR is a good diagnostic tool for detecting either crystalline or sclerotic vessels in BCD. Patients in group 1 tended to have a thinner choroid (P = 0.047) with ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption (P = 0.011). Calculation of the area under the curve indicated that EZ disruption detected on SD-OCT could be a good predictor of legal blindness in BCD.Conclusion: For the diagnosis of BCD, NIR could be a good diagnostic tool. Of the studied imaging modalities, we found that EZ disruption at the fovea were strongly associated with legal blindness, which could be easily assessed by SD-OCT.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Associations of Sarcopenia Components With Physical Activity and Nutrition in Australian Older Adults Performing Exercise Training
Authors: Akehurst Ewelina , Scott David , Rodriguez Juan Peña , Gonzalez Carol Alonso , Murphy Jasmaine Alyce , McCarthy Helen , Dorgo Sandor , Hayes Alan
Published: September 2020

Background: The risk of progressive declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, increases with age, physical inactivity and poor diet. The purpose of this study was to explore associations of sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity and nutrition in older adults participating in resistance training at conventional or Helsinki University Research [HUR] gyms. Methods: Muscle strength (via handgrip strength and chair stands), appendicular lean mass [ALM] (via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and physical performance (via gait speed over a 4-metre distance, short physical performance battery, timed up and go and 400-metre walk tests) were evaluated in a cohort study of 80 community-dwelling older adults (mean±SD 76.5B6.5 years). Pearson correlations explored associations for sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity (via Physical Activity Scale for Elderly [PASE]) and nutrition (via Australian Eating Survey), with higher scores indicative of greater physical activity levels and better nutrition, respectively. Results: No differences in PASE were observed between HUR and conventional gyms, however HUR gym participants had a significantly higher self-reported protein intake and a trend (p = 0.055) to have higher energy intake. In both gym groups, gait speed was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (r = 0.275; p = 0.039 and r = 0.423; p = 0.044 for HUR and conventional gyms, respectively). ALM was positively associated with protein (p = 0.047, r = 0.418) and energy (p = 0.038, r = 0.435) intake in the conventional gym group. Similar associations were observed for ALM/h2 in the HUR group. None of the sarcopenia components were associated with the Australian Recommended Food Score (derived from the Australian Eating Survey) in either gym group.
Does Sexual Compulsivity Play a Role in Unprotected Intercourse? A Cross-Sectional Study Among Sexually Active STI Patients in Shanghai
Authors: Ni Yang , Liu Hengan , Gong Ruijie , Shi Mei , Zhang Shuxian , Cai Yong , Wang Suping , Zhou Pingyu
Published: September 2020

Background: Sexual compulsivity and its relationship with unprotected intercourse have long been an intriguing topic, but its existential meaning in the management of public health or, more precisely, STIs (sexually transmitted infections) has rarely been studied to date. This study examines whether sexual compulsivity plays a role in unprotected intercourse among STI patients and its variation regarding gender and different types of sexual partner.Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study using mixed methods including a survey of 302 men and 362 women. Two clinics were purposely chosen for the study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows.Results: The ages of the 664 participants ranged from 18 to 76 years, with more than half (58.73%) 26–40 years old. Of these 664 participants, 449 (157 male and 237 female) reported having unprotected intercourse during the past 6 months. Almost one-quarter of the male participants scored high on the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, compared with only 4.4% of females. Although the only statistically significant difference (p<0.01) was in relation to unprotected intercourse with a casual sexual partner, the difference between male/female and regular/casual sexual partners remained evident.Conclusions: Sexual compulsivity is evidently a potential predictor of unprotected intercourse with a casual sexual partner in male STI patients, while the use of condoms is more likely to be affected by other factors. In addition to general sexual education, counseling interventions should be provided by related health institutions, and specific intervention methods targeting each gender and different behavioral types should be considered.
Assessing the Feasibility of Heart Rate Variability as an Objective Indicator of Anxiety in Older Adults with Dementia Living in Care Homes
Authors: Quinci Milena Aiello , Astell Arlene J.
Published: September 2020

Objective Anxiety is reportedly prevalent in older adults with dementia living in care homes and, within this population, is most often assessed through caregiver reports. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological indicator of autonomic function, whereby reduced vagally-mediated HRV is associated with a variety of anxiety symptoms and disorders. This study examines the feasibility of HRV as an indicator of anxiety in older adults with dementia living in a care home. These data were collected during a larger study examining an exercise intervention.Results: HRV data, in the form of log-transformed root mean square of the successive differences (lnRMSSD), were in line with transformed data from previous research. Additionally, there was a negative relationship between HRV and self-reported anxiety. These data provide a promising direction for the use of wrist-worn devices in future HRV research with people living with dementia in care homes.
Identification of a Glycolysis-Related Gene Signature for Survival Prediction of Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Dai , Yang Si , Li Yiche , Wang Meng , Yao Jia , Zheng Yi , Deng Yujiao , Li Na , Wei Bajin , Wu Ying , Zhai Zhen , Dai Zhijun , Kang Huafeng
Published: September 2020

Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) is deemed as the most lethal gynecological cancer in women. The aim of this study was construct an effective gene prognostic model for OV patients.Methods: The expression profiles of glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) and clinical data of patients with OV were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate, multivariate, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analyses were conducted, and a prognostic signature based on GRGs was constructed. The predictive ability of the signature was analyzed in training and test sets.Results: Based on nine GRGs (ISG20, CITED2, PYGB, IRS2, ANGPTL4, TGFBI, LHX9, PC, and DDIT4), a gene risk signature was identified to predict the outcome of patients with OV. The signature showed a good prognostic ability for OV, particularly high-grade OV, in the TCGA dataset, with areas under the curve of 0.709, 0.762, and 0.808 for 3-, 5- and 10-year survival, respectively. Similar results were found in the test sets, and the signature was also an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, a nomogram combining the prediction model and clinical factors was constructed.Conclusion: Our study established a nine-GRG risk model and a nomogram to better perform on OV patients’ survival prediction. The risk model represents a promising and independent prognostic predictor for OV patients. Moreover, our study of GRGs could offer guidances for underlying mechanisms explorations in the future.
Correction of Over-Dosed Insulin in a Type-2-Diabetic Associates With a Better Control of Glycemia and Arterial Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Abobarin-Adeagbo Abimbola , Kraya Torsten , Girndt Matthias , Pliquett Rainer U.
Published: September 2020

Background: An association between hypoglycemia and arterial hypertension is unknown. Here, we report a case of a chronically over-dosed insulin therapy in conjunction with uncontrolled hypertension.Case Presentation: A 73-year-old, male diabetic of Caucasian ethnicity was admitted to a neurological intermediate-care unit of a university hospital for progressive weakness due to diabetic polyneuropathy. Besides obesity (body-mass index: 31 kg/m²) and type-2 diabetes, an uncontrolled arterial hypertension was present. Diabetes therapy consisted of fixed-dose insulin (160 units QD). Symptomatic or documented hypoglycemic episodes were not reported. Hemoglobin A1c was 11.2%. Prior to hospitalization, a urapidil (60 mg thrice a day), was added to his antihypertensive medication with valsartan (160 mg BID) and bisoprolol (5mg BID). During hospitalization, metformin, empagliflozin, and dulaglutide (1.5 mg per week) were added to insulin. An intensified conventional therapy with a cumulative daily dose of 46 units was introduced. 22 months after discharge, the medical therapy consisted of metformin (1 g BID), liraglutide (1.8 mg QD), and insulin glargine (26 units QD). The antihypertensive medication was reduced to bisoprolol and valsartan, urapidil was discontinued. The follow-up visit showed Hemoglobin A1c of 6.6%, and a well-controlled blood pressure. The patient’s physical activity improved with the patient being able to leave his flat alone for the first time within 6 years. Conclusions: Undocumented, asymptomatic hypoglycemic events and post-hypoglycemic hormonal stimulation were the likely cause for the poor glycemic and blood-pressure control. A step-wise reduction of insulin concurrently translated into a better glycemic and blood-pressure control.
The Epidemiology of Infant Shaft Fractures of Femur or Humerus by Incidence, Birth, Accidents, and Other Causes
Authors: von Heideken Johan , Thiblin Ingemar , Högberg Ulf
Published: September 2020

Background: Knowledge of femur and humerus shaft fractures during infancy is scarce. The purpose of this population-based registry study was to analyze both birth-related femur and humerus shaft fractures and those diagnosed later in infancy, as regards incidence, perinatal characteristics, other diagnoses, and reported accidents.Methods: Children born in 1997–2014, diagnosed with a femur or humerus shaft fracture before age 1 year, were identified in the Swedish Health Registries. Rate of birth fractures were estimated by combining femur and humerus shaft fractures coded as birth-related with femur and humerus shaft fractures diagnosed during day 1-7 without registered trauma, abuse, or bone fragility disorders. Incidence was computed by comparing infants with femur or humerus shaft fractures to the total at-risk population. Results: The incidence for birth-related femur shaft fractures was 0.024‰ (n=45) and that for birth-related humerus shaft fractures was 0.101‰ (n=188). The incidence was 0.154‰ for later femur shaft fractures (n=287) and 0.073‰ for later humerus shaft fractures (n=142). Birth-related femur shaft fracture was associated with preterm, multiple birth, breech, cesarean, and small-for-gestational age, while humerus shaft fracture was associated with preterm, multiple birth, birth weight > 4,000 g, and shoulder dystocia. A bone fragility diagnosis was recorded in 5% of those with birth-related or later femur shaft fractures. Among infants with birth-related humerus shaft fractures, 1% had a bone fragility diagnosis; the figure for later fractures was 6%. Maltreatment diagnosis was associated with both fracture types, especially among those aged < 6 months, where approximately 20% and 14% of cases, respectively, were associated with abuse. Fall accidents were reported in 73% and 56% among those with later femur and humerus shaft fractures, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides data on epidemiology, birth, parental characteristics, and reported accidents in relation to femur and humerus shaft fractures during infancy. Few children had a bone fragility diagnosis. Fall accidents were the main contributor to femur or humerus shaft fracture during infancy; however, the proportion of fractures attributed to maltreatment was high in children under 6 months.
The Influence of Adding Traditional Chinese Medicine on COVID-19 Patients’ Liver Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Song Danlei , Huang Taobi , Wei Yongjian , Chen Yuyue , Wang Yuping , Zhou Yongning
Published: September 2020

Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and spreads rapidly across the world. Some patients occurred liver damage for unexplained reasons. Our study aims to explore whether Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) causes severe abnormal liver function compared to that of Western Medicine during the treatment process of COVID-19.Methods: We selected eligible studies with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria after systematically searching 7 databases up to May 30, 2020. Then, the study quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Finally, we conducted a meta and subgroup analysis in the random-effects model to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to evaluate the risk changes after adding TCM and the influence factor to RR. Results: A total of 2648 articles were searched, and 3 randomized controlled studies were included. Our results indicated that the occurrence of abnormal liver function had no statistical difference in the group added with TCM from Western Medicine groups. (RR=0.55[0.16,1,85], I2=58%, P=0.09>0.05). We also found that the high heterogeneity existed in two subgroups of common cases and all typecases, and it was statistically significant (I2=76.3%, P=0.04 <0.05）, which means the clinical type of COVID-19 may be the source of heterogeneity.Conclusion: Our research showed that adding TCM wouldn’ t damage the COVID-19 patients’ liver function. On the contrary, it may reduce the risk.
Biomechanical Effect of Plate-to-Disc Distance on Surgical and Adjacent Segment in C5/C6 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion - A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Xue Yuan , Guo Xing , Zhou Jiaming , Tian Yueyang , Kang Liang
Published: September 2020

Background: The PDD is an important factor affecting the degeneration of adjacent segments after ACDF. However, the most suitable PDD is controversial. This study examined the adjacent intervertebral disc stress, bone graft stress, titanium plate stress and screw stress to evaluate the biomechanical effect of different Plate-to-Disc Distance (PDD) on surgical segment and adjacent segment following C5/C6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods: We constructed 10 preoperative finite element models (FEM) of intact C4–C7 segments and validated them in the present study. We simulated ACDF surgery based on the 10 intact models in software. We designed three different distance of Plate-to-Disc titanium plates: L, long PDD (10 mm); S, short PDD (0 mm); and N, PDD (5 mm). The changes in C4/C5 and C6/C7 intervertebral disc stress, bone graft stress, titanium plate stress and screw stress were analyzed.Results: The von Mises stress of C4/C5 and C6/C7 intervertebral discs have no significant differences (P>0.05) in three different PDD groups. Titanium plate stress increased as the PDD decreased. The bone graft stress and screws stress decreased as the PDD decreased. The maximum stress of each part occurred was mostly in the conditions of rotation and lateral bending. Conclusions: The PDD has no effect on adjacent intervertebral disc stress, but it is an important factor that affecting the bone graft stress, titanium plate stress and screws stress after ACDF. Shorter PDD plate can provide better stability to reduce stress on screws and bone graft, that may be helpful to prevent cage subsidence, pseudarthrosis and instrument failure. This can serve as a reference for clinical choice of plate.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Among Communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha Districts of Tanzania. 
Authors: Sindato Calvin , Mboera Leonard EG , Katale Bugwesa Z , Frumence Gasto , Kimera Sharadhuli , Clark Taane G , Legido-Quigley Helena , Mshana Stephen E , Rweyemamu Mark M , Matee Mecky
Published: September 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha in Tanzania. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and KAP data through face-to-face interviews. Responses related to the triad of KAP were assigned scores that were aggregated for each participant. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of KAP scores. Results: The study enrolled 828 participants from the three districts. A total of 816 (98.6%) were aware of antimicrobials, and 808 (99%, n=816) reported to have used them. Antimicrobials were mainly used to treat cough (68.0%), urinary tract infections (53.4%), diarrhoea (48.5%) and wounds (45.2%). The most frequent sources of antimicrobials were health facility (65.0%, n=820) and pharmacies/basic drug shops (53.7%). The median AMU knowledge score was 5 (IQR=4, 7) and that of AMR was 26 (IQR=23, 29). The median AMU attitudes score was 32 (IQR: 29, 35) and that of AMR was 19 (IQR=17, 22). The median AMU practice score was 3 (IQR: 3, 3). The KAP scores were significantly influenced by increased participant’s age (βadj=0.10; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15) and level of education, being lower among those with primary education (βadj=5.32; 95% CI: 3.27, 7.37) and highest among those with college/university education (βadj=9.85; 95% CI: 6.04, 13.67). Conclusion: The study documented a moderate level of KAP regarding AMU and AMR in the study districts. The participant's age and level of education were significantly associated with participant's KAP scores. The observed inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitude, and practices of AMU and AMR should be considered as alarming problems that require immediate actions including policy formulation and planning of community-based mitigation measures.
The Consequences of Declining Population Access to Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) on Net Use Patterns and Physical Degradation of Nets after 22 Months of Ownership
Authors: Mboma Zawadi Mageni , Festo Charles , Lorenz Lena M. , Massue Dennis J. , Kisinza William N. , Bradley John , Moore Jason D. , Mandike Renata , Akim Ikupa , Lines Jo , Overgaard Hans J. , Moore Sarah J.
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAs the number of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in households (access) declines when nets wear out some household-members are prioritised to use the remaining ITNs. This study assessed how nets are allocated within households to individuals of different age categories as ITNs are lost or damaged and as new ITNs are obtained. The study also explored how ITN allocation affects ITN durability. MethodsA cross-sectional household survey and ITN durability study was conducted among 2,875 households across Tanzania to determine the proportion of nets that remain protective (serviceable) twenty-two months after net distribution aiming for universal coverage. Allocation of study nets within houses and re-allocation of ITNs when new Universal Replacement Campaign (URC) nets arrived in study households in Musoma District was also assessed.ResultsOnly 57.0% [95% CI: 53.9-60.1%] of households had enough ITNs for every household member (assuming one net covers every 2 members). In households with enough nets, 77.5% of members slept under ITNs. In households without enough nets, pregnant women (54.6%), children<5 (45.8%) and adults (42.1%) were prioritised, with fewer school-age children 5-14 (35.9%), youths 15-24 (28.1%) and seniors>65 (32.6%) sleeping under ITNs. Crowding ( 3 people slept under nets) was twice as common among people residing in houses without enough nets for all age groups apart from children<5. Nets were less likely to be serviceable if 3 people slept under them (OR=0.50 [95%CI 0.40-0.63]); if nets were used by school-age children (OR=0.72 [95%CI 0.56-0.93]) and if the net product was Olyset®. One month after the URC, only 23.6% [95%CI 16.7-30.6%] had access to an URC ITN in Musoma district. Householders in Musoma district continued the use of old ITNs even with the arrival of new URC nets.ConclusionUsers determined the useful life of ITNs and prioritized pregnant women and children<5 to serviceable ITNs. When household net access declines, users adjust by crowding under remaining nets, which further reduces ITN lifespan. School-age children that commonly harbour gametocytes that mediate malaria transmission are compelled to sleep under unserviceable nets, crowd under nets or remain uncovered. However, they were accommodated by the arrival of new nets. More frequent ITN delivery through the school-net program in combination with mass distribution campaigns is essential to maximise ITN effectiveness.
Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service in health institutions in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tadiwos Mhiret Belay , Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Areba Abereham Shiferaw , Kabtyemer Robel Hussen , Abate Zeleke Girma , Aregu Mekonnen Birhanie
Published: September 2020

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among pregnant mothers in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in governmental and private health facilities in the Gedeo zone from January to April 2019. The study participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. The Eugene strip test was used to determine hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant mothers. The status of HIV was collected from the records. Other variables were collected from the mothers using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Binary logistic regression was used for the analysis. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the association between HBsAg seropositivity and various factors. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant mothers was 9.2% in the Gedeo Zone. Previous history of blood transfusion [AOR=5.2, 95% CI: 2.1, 12.5], previous history of hospital admission [AOR=3, 95% CI: 1.4, 6.6], history of having an abortion [AOR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.5, 11.7], age of the pregnant women [AOR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.5, 18.0], and HIV status of the mother [AOR=8.1, 95% CI: 1.9, 36.0] had a statistically significant association with HBsAg seropositivity.Conclusions: Hepatitis B virus infection was found to have higher endemicity (9.2%) in the Gedeo Zone which is higher than the national pooled prevalence which was 4.75%. Early initiation of antenatal care services which incorporate the prevention and control of HBV must be implemented by the health facilities in the Gedeo Zone.
Sareomycetes: More Diversity than Meets the Eye
Authors: Mitchell James Kameron , Garrido-Benavent Isaac , Quijada Luis , Pfister Donald H.
Published: September 2020

Since its resurrection, the resinicolous discomycete genus Sarea has been accepted as containing two species, one with black apothecia and pycnidia, and one with orange. We investigate this hypothesis using three ribosomal (nuITS, nuLSU, mtSSU) regions from and morphological examination of 70 specimens collected primarily in Europe and North America. The results of our analyses support separation of the traditional Sarea difformis s.l. and Sarea resinae s.l. into two distinct genera, Sarea and Zythia. Sarea as circumscribed is shown to comprise three phylospecies, with one corresponding to Sarea difformis s.s. and two, morphologically indistinguishable, corresponding to the newly combined Sarea coeloplata. Zythia is maintained as monotypic, containing only a genetically and morphologically variable Z. resinae. The new genus Atrozythia is erected for the new species A. klamathica. Arthrographis lignicola is placed in this genus on molecular grounds, expanding the concept of Sareomycetes by inclusion of a previously unknown type of anamorph. Dating analyses using additional marker regions indicate the emergence of the Sareomycetes was roughly concurrent with the diversification of the genus Pinus, suggesting that this group of fungi emerged to exploit the newly-available resinous ecological niche supplied by Pinus or another, extinct group of conifers. Our phylogeographic studies also permitted us to study the introductions of these fungi to areas where they are not native, including Antarctica, Cape Verde, and New Zealand and are consistent with historical hypotheses of introduction.