bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Valganciclovir Therapy in Infants Aged ≤2 Months with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Open-Label Clinical Trial in Japan
Authors: Morioka Ichiro , Kakei Yasumasa , Omori Takashi , Nozu Kandai , Fujioka Kazumichi , Takahashi Naoto , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Ito Yoshinori , Oka Akira
Published: June 2022

Our aims were to determine the clinical impact of oral valganciclovir (VGCV) in infants aged ≤2 months with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and evaluate the efficacy of VGCV when initiated beyond the neonatal period. The multicenter, single-arm, open-label clinical trial was conducted in Japan. Twenty-five infants aged ≤2 months with congenital CMV disease involving the central nervous system were enrolled and treated with VGCV for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the change in the whole blood CMV load before and after treatment. The secondary endpoint was the change in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) before and after treatment. Changes in ABR were assessed between the younger and older age groups (≤ and >30 days at treatment initiation). Of the 25 patients, one was excluded owing to epilepsy before VGCV administration. The median change in the CMV DNA level in whole blood was −246.0 IU/mL. The best ear and total ear assessments based on ABR were categorized as (improved + unchanged) after treatment for 100% and 93.8%, respectively. No differences in hearing efficacy were observed between the younger and older age groups. Oral VGCV is a potential therapeutic option for treating infants aged ≤2 months with congenital CMV disease.
Effect of Rituximab Compared with Natalizumab and Fingolimod in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Cohort Study
Authors: Hernández-Preciado Martha Rocio , Marquez-Pedroza Jazmin , Sánchez-Rosales Nayeli Alejandra , García-Rivera José de Jesús , Kobayashi-Gutiérrez Antonio , Torres-Mendoza Blanca Miriam , Chavarría-Avila Efraín , Montaño-Serrano Raúl Alejandro , Cortes-Enriquez Fernando , Mireles-Ramírez Mario Alberto
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical files of patients with RRMS who started rituximab (RTX) compared with a second-line treatment (natalizumab (NTZ) or fingolimod (FTY)). This was a historical cohort study. We compared the effect according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the number of relapses in RRMS patients receiving these treatments after a mean period of 12 months. We found a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) when comparing the EDSS scores and the annual relapse rates of patients receiving RTX with those receiving NTZ or FTY. This study is essential for our clinical practice, since patients with limited treatment options represent a challenge with regard to the management of their medical care. However, clinical trials and prospective studies with long follow-up periods are necessary to provide sufficient evidence on the efficacy of RTX and thus include this treatment in the therapeutic profile of patients with MS.
Satellite-Based Monitoring of Coastal Wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Chen Chen , Feng Jiajun , Wang Changyou , Mao Longjiang , Zhang Yuanzhi
Published: June 2022

The dynamic process of the wetland can reflect its impact on the environment, and finding a balance point supporting harmonious coexistence between man and nature has become an issue of increasing concern. On the basis of previous studies that have focused on local coastal wetlands, the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of wetlands in the Yancheng coastal area from 1991 to 2021 were analyzed over a larger area. According to the study findings: (1) The results of the study of the Yancheng coastal wetland with a larger scope differed significantly from findings resulting from a study of coastal wetland only. This difference was mainly reflected in the relatively stable situation of wetland ecology as a whole, while the changes in local surface features were more significant. (2) Natural wetlands were transformed into artificial wetlands and non-wetland types, and artificial wetlands were transformed into non-wetland types; additionally, reverse transformations and internal transformations of surface features also took place. For instance, the saltpan was transformed into mudflats (86.26 km2), and some mudflats into herbaceous vegetation (193.47 km2). (3) When analyzing the impact intensity of human activities on the Yancheng wetland, it was found that this factor has experienced a process of first rising and then falling. The index was 0.650, 0.653, 0.664, 0.661, and 0.641 in 1991, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2021, respectively. (4) Lastly, an analysis of factors driving wetland change revealed that human factors were the most critical reasons for wetland landscape change. Our work can play a reference and inspiration role in the monitoring and protection of similar coastal wetlands.
Equal Opportunities for Foreign Seafarers to Ensure Sustainable Development in the Korean Merchant Shipping Industry
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Dhesi Surindar , Phillips Ian , Jeong Moonsoo , Kwon Kyungseon , Jung Dongho , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2022

Despite the increasing number of foreign seafarers working in the Korean shipping industry and the growing concern for psycho-emotional stress due to discrimination in the maritime sector, few studies have focused on the working environment of foreign seafarers on South Korean vessels. This study aimed to determine whether foreign seafarers perceived discrimination in the Korean shipping industry and if so, the types of discrimination they faced and how they responded to this challenge. A survey was conducted to assess foreign seafarers’ experiences of discrimination, understanding of their own human rights, and level of satisfaction in working with Korean seafarers as well as identifying positive factors. The main positive findings included the kindness of colleagues, and excellent welfare facilities and benefits; whilst the most frequently reported negative factors related to language barriers and food types. These findings can be used to identify and share best practices and help determine priority areas for action. However, as the number of participants was small due to difficulties in contacting foreign seafarers during COVID-19 restrictions, further research is necessary to understand and improve the working environment of foreign seafarers on South Korean vessels.
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Accumulate in the Lungs during Murine Pneumocystis Infection but Are Not Required for Clearance
Authors: Bishop Lisa , Curran Shelly , Kovacs Joseph
Published: June 2022

Pneumocystis is a fungal pathogen that can cause pneumonia in immunosuppressed hosts and subclinical infection in immunocompetent hosts. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional lymphocytes with a semi-invariant T-cell receptor that are activated by riboflavin metabolites that are presented by the MHC-1b molecule MR1. Although Pneumocystis can presumably synthesize riboflavin metabolites based on whole-genome studies, the role of MAIT cells in controlling Pneumocystis infection is unknown. We used a co-housing mouse model of Pneumocystis infection, combined with flow cytometry and qPCR, to characterize the response of MAIT cells to infection in C57BL/6 mice, and, using MR1−/− mice, which lack MAIT cells, to examine their role in clearing the infection. MAIT cells accumulated in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice during Pneumocystis infection and remained at increased levels for many weeks after clearance of infection. In MR1−/− mice, Pneumocystis infection was cleared with kinetics similar to C57BL/6 mice. Thus, MAIT cells are not necessary for control of Pneumocystis infection, but the prolonged retention of these cells in the lungs following clearance of infection may allow a more rapid future response to other pathogens.
I Want to Be You(r Friend): An Investigation of the Effects of Gendered Personality Traits on Engagement with Different Modern Family Characters
Authors: Żerebecki Bartosz G. , van der Vliet Esther , Kneer Julia
Published: June 2022

The extant research focused on gender understood as a single item to explain wishful identification and parasocial relationships with TV characters. This study focused on gendered personality traits and how they contribute to wishful identification, parasocial relationships with (non-)stereotypical male and female characters of the TV series Modern Family, and the series enjoyment in general. Participants (N = 508) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions with questions about either stereotypical male or female or non-stereotypical male or female characters. Respondents also answered questions about their own gender traits (positive/negative feminine/masculine), wishful identification, parasocial friendship and love for the assigned character, and enjoyment of the series. Different gendered personality traits were associated with wishful identification, parasocial friendship, and love with different types of characters, as well as series enjoyment. Thus, we conclude that media characters should exhibit both stereotypical and non-stereotypical traits to reach a broad and diverse audience.
Newborn Screening Program for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II and Long-Term Follow-Up of the Screen-Positive Subjects in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hsiang-Yu , Chang Ya-Hui , Lee Chung-Lin , Tu Yuan-Rong , Lo Yun-Ting , Hung Pei-Wen , Niu Dau-Ming , Liu Mei-Ying , Liu Hsin-Yun , Chen Hsiao-Jan , Kao Shu-Min , Wang Li-Yun , Ho Huey-Jane , Chuang Chih-Kuang , Lin Shuan-Pei
Published: June 2022

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) is an X-linked disorder resulting from a deficiency in lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which causes the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the lysosomes of many tissues and organs, leading to progressive cellular dysfunction. An MPS II newborn screening program has been available in Taiwan since 2015. The aim of the current study was to collect and analyze the long-term follow-up data of the screen-positive subjects in this program. Methods: From August 2015 to April 2022, 548,624 newborns were screened for MPS II by dried blood spots using tandem mass spectrometry, of which 202 suspected infants were referred to our hospital for confirmation. The diagnosis of MPS II was confirmed by IDS enzyme activity assay in leukocytes, quantitative determination of urinary GAGs by mass spectrometry, and identification of the IDS gene variant. Results: Among the 202 referred infants, 10 (5%) with seven IDS gene variants were diagnosed with confirmed MPS II (Group 1), 151 (75%) with nine IDS gene variants were classified as having suspected MPS II or pseudodeficiency (Group 2), and 41 (20%) with five IDS gene variants were classified as not having MPS II (Group 3). Long-term follow-up every 6 months was arranged for the infants in Group 1 and Group 2. Intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was started in four patients at 1, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.5 years of age, respectively. Three patients also received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 1.5, 0.9, and 0.6 years of age, respectively. After ERT and/or HSCT, IDS enzyme activity and the quantity of urinary GAGs significantly improved in all of these patients compared with the baseline data. Conclusions: Because of the progressive nature of MPS II, early diagnosis via a newborn screening program and timely initiation of ERT and/or HSCT before the occurrence of irreversible organ damage may lead to better clinical outcomes. The findings of the current study could serve as baseline data for the analysis of the long-term effects of ERT and HSCT in these patients.
Relationships between Near-Surface Horizontal Dust Fluxes and Dust Depositions at the Centre and Edge of the Taklamakan Desert
Authors: Huo Wen , Song Meiqi , Wu Ye , Zhi Xiefei , Yang Fan , Ma Mingjie , Zhou Chenglong , Yang Xinghua , Mamtimin Ali , He Qing
Published: June 2022

The emission, transport, and deposition of dust are frequently the focus of dust aerosol studies. However, owing to limited observation data, few studies have examined the relationships between the key parameters of dust transport, especially in typical dust source areas. Therefore, investigating the relationship between near-surface horizontal dust fluxes and dust depositions in typical desert source areas can further help us to understand the movement and transport patterns of dust aerosols. Based on observational experiments on two key transport parameters, this study focused on the quantitative relationship between the horizontal dust flux (Q) and dust deposition (D). A 13-month long dust sample collection experiment was conducted from August 2017 to August 2018 at Xiaotang Station (hereafter XT,40°48′ N, 84°18′ E) and Tazhong Station (hereafter TZ, 39°00′ N, 83°40′ E). The results show that the observed D and Q peaks coincided with periods of high dust storm incidence, with the greatest accumulation observed in spring. Moreover, both Q and D decreased with increasing height in XT, and this phenomenon remained on a monthly scale. In contrast, no clear decreasing pattern in Q and D with increasing height was observed in TZ. Additionally, relatively coarse particles, primarily from local sources, dominated dust depositions in both locations. The proportion of deposited dust particles with a size <20 μm was slightly higher in XT than that in TZ. Specifically, dust depositions in XT contained finer local dust particles and more dust from long-distance transport. Furthermore, D and Q had a significantly positive linear correlation in XT; however, no significant correlation was observed in TZ. Analysis of the wind dynamics and surface dust particle size indicated that topographic differences between the two stations caused these differences in correlation.
ITGβ6 Facilitates Skeletal Muscle Development by Maintaining the Properties and Cytoskeleton Stability of Satellite Cells
Authors: Zhang Hong , Liu Yuan , Li Cencen , Zhang Weiya
Published: June 2022

Integrin proteins are important receptors connecting the intracellular skeleton of satellite cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), playing an important role in the process of skeletal muscle development. In this research, the function of ITGβ6 in regulating the differentiation of satellite cells was studied. Transcriptome and proteome analysis indicated that Itgβ6 is a key node connecting ECM-related proteins to the cytoskeleton, and it is necessary for the integrity of the membrane structure and stability of the cytoskeletal system, which are essential for satellite cell adhesion. Functional analysis revealed that the ITGβ6 protein could affect the myogenic differentiation potential of satellite cells by regulating the expression of PAX7 protein, thus regulating the formation of myotubes. Moreover, ITGβ6 is involved in muscle development by regulating cell-adhesion-related proteins, such as β-laminin, and cytoskeletal proteins such as PXN, DMD, and VCL. In conclusion, the effect of ITGβ6 on satellite cell differentiation mainly occurs before the initiation of differentiation, and it regulates terminal differentiation by affecting satellite cell characteristics, cell adhesion, and the stability of the cytoskeleton system.
Does Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Incidence and Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss?
Authors: Park Joong Su , Kim Seung Ho , Kim Ikhee , Kim Hantai , Kim Ji Hyun , Lee Jong Bin
Published: June 2022

Earlier studies reported that the occurrence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is associated with chronic metabolic disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Instead of focusing on the relationship between SSNHL and each metabolic disorder, this study aimed to identify the association with metabolic syndrome as a whole, including either prehypertension or prediabetes. As a case-control study, we reviewed 239 patients who experienced SSNHL, and compared them with the same number of healthy subjects (N = 478). Metabolic syndrome-related variables of SSNHL patients were compared to those of healthy control subjects. In addition, patients with SSNHL were classified into two subgroups: the first subgroup showed improvement in hearing (‘response group’), and the second did not present significant improvement (‘non-response group’). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The risk for SSNHL was 4.3 times higher in patients with metabolic syndrome compared with patients without the syndrome (95% confidence interval, 1.98 to 9.33), even after adjusting for variables that showed significant between-group differences. The likelihood of being unresponsive to treatment was higher in those with metabolic syndrome (1.21 to 3.93; adjusted odds ratio = 2.18), and when the initial hearing loss pattern on a pure-tone audiometry was high tone or flat. Metabolic syndrome appears to be an independent risk factor for SSNHL and, simultaneously, a predictor of poor prognosis.
Review on the Recent Development of Fatty Hydrazide as Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Medium: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Hassan Almila , Numin Mohd Sofi , Jumbri Khairulazhar , Kee Kok Eng , Borhan Noorazlenawati
Published: June 2022

In recent years, numerous research work has been conducted in order to find the most practical and cost-effective solution for corrosion issues in the oil and gas industry. Several studies have revealed that fatty hydrazide derivatives are the most suitable corrosion inhibitor for the application in the said industry. These compounds can also act as effective corrosion inhibitors in acidic medium with inhibition efficiency greater than 95%. This review summarizes and discusses the recent corrosion inhibitor development in acidic media from 2017 until 2021, focusing on fatty hydrazide derivatives. The significant findings and mechanisms of inhibition have been elucidated. In addition, intake on the computer simulation studies of fatty hydrazide inhibition properties is also included in this review. Finally, some suggestions for future research on corrosion inhibitors have been recommended.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity of Different Extracts of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla Lichen from Stara Planina, Serbia
Authors: Kocovic Aleksandar , Jeremic Jovana , Bradic Jovana , Sovrlic Miroslav , Tomovic Jovica , Vasiljevic Perica , Andjic Marijana , Draginic Nevena , Grujovic Mirjana , Mladenovic Katarina , Baskic Dejan , Popovic Suzana , Matic Sanja , Zivkovic Vladimir , Jeremic Nevena , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Manojlovic Nedeljko
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to identify some of the secondary metabolites present in acetonic, methanolic, and hexanic extracts of lichen Xanthoparmelia stenophylla and to examine their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. Compounds of the depsid structure of lecanoric acid, obtusic acid, and atranorin as well as usnic acid with a dibenzofuran structure were identified in the extracts by HPLC. The acetone extract was shown to have the highest total phenolic (167.03 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (178.84 ± 0.93 mg QE/g) as well as the best antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 81.22 ± 0.54). However, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm tests showed the best activity of hexanic extract, especially against strains of B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MIC < 0.08, and 0.3125 mg/mL, respectively). Additionally, by using the MTT method, the acetonic extract was reported to exhibit a strong cytotoxic effect on the HeLa and HCT-116 cell lines, especially after 72 h (IC50 = 21.17 ± 1.85 and IC50 = 21.48 ± 3.55, respectively). The promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla extracts shown in the current study should be further investigated in vivo and under clinical conditions.
Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Badar Zarreen , Shanableh Abdallah , El-Keblawy Ali , Mosa Kareem A. , Semerjian Lucy , Mutery Abdullah Al , Hussain Muhammad Iftikhar , Bhattacharjee Sourjya , Tsombou François Mitterand , Ayyaril Sefeera Sadik , Ahmady Islam M. , Elnaggar Attiat , Mousa Muath , Semreen Mohammad H.
Published: June 2022

The occurrence and persistence of pharmaceuticals in the food chain, particularly edible crops, can adversely affect human and environmental health. In this study, the impacts of the absorption, translocation, accumulation, and degradation of paracetamol in different organs of the leafy vegetable crop spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Spinach plants were exposed to 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L paracetamol in 20% Hoagland solution at the vegetative phase in a hydroponic system. Exposed plants exhibited pronounced phytotoxic effects during the eight days trial period, with highly significant reductions seen in the plants’ morphological parameters. The increasing paracetamol stress levels adversely affected the plants’ photosynthetic machinery, altering the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and PSII), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoid contents), and composition of essential nutrients and elements. The LC-MS results indicated that the spinach organs receiving various paracetamol levels on day four exhibited significant uptake and translocation of the drug from roots to aerial parts, while degradation of the drug was observed after eight days. The VITEK® 2 system identified several bacterial strains (e.g., members of Burkhulderia, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Kocuria) isolated from spinach shoots and roots. These microbes have the potential to biodegrade paracetamol and other organic micro-pollutants. Our findings provide novel insights to mitigate the risks associated with pharmaceutical pollution in the environment and explore the bioremediation potential of edible crops and their associated microbial consortium to remove these pollutants effectively.
Capparis spinosa L. Cenopopulation and Biogeochemistry in South Uzbekistan
Authors: Isagaliev Murodjon , Abakumov Evgeny , Turdaliev Avazbek , Obidov Muzaffar , Khaydarov Mavlonjon , Abdukhakimova Khusnida , Shermatov Tokhirjon , Musaev Iskandar
Published: June 2022

The article provides an analysis of the cenopopulation and tissues element composition of the medicinal caper plant Capparis spinosa L. distributed on Calcisols formed on eroded alluvial-proluvial gravel textured rocks in the south of the Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan, Central Asia). The predominance of immature plants in the cenopopulation was detected in the Arsif hills massive, and quantitative indicators of micronutrients in the vegetative and generative organs of C. spinosa L. were determined. The study of biomorphological characteristics of the plant during the growing season (April-October) was carried out in the identified 10 observational experimental field populations. The cenopopulation dynamics and plant development patterns of Capparis spinosa L. were characterized for environmental conditions of south Uzbekistan for the first time. Soil, plant element analysis was performed by neutron-activation method. In this case, the samples were irradiated in a nuclear reactor with a neutron flux of 5 × 1013 neutrons/cm2 s, and their quantities were determined in accordance with the half-life of chemical elements. It has also been compared with research materials conducted by world scientists on the importance and pharmacological properties of botanicals in medicine and the food industry, as well as their botanical characteristics. The plant can serve to conserve soil resources, as it prevents water and wind erosion of dense clay soils in the dry subtropical climate of Central Fergana and could be considered an effective agent of destroyed soils remediation. The development of this plant will contribute to the diversification of agriculture in Uzbekistan (Central Asia) and the development of the food industry and pharmacology.
An Effective Method of Ribes spp. Inoculation with Blackcurrant Reversion Virus under In Vitro Conditions
Authors: Juškytė Ana Dovilė , Mažeikienė Ingrida , Stanys Vidmantas
Published: June 2022

Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) is the most destructive currant-infecting and mite-transmitted pathogen from the genus Nepovirus. In this work, BRV transmission in the system Ribes ex vitro–Ribes in vitro was applied for the first time. Triple infection of BRV identified in blackcurrant cv. Gojai was used for phylogenetic analysis and inoculation assay. Transmission of BRV was successful due to its stability in the inoculum for up to 8 days at 4 °C; all BRV isolates were infectious. Our suggested inoculation method through roots was applied in six Ribes spp. genotypes with 100.0% reliability, and the expression levels of defence-related gene PR1 to biotic stress was observed. The prevalence of the virus in microshoots after 2–14 days post-inoculation (dpi) was established by PCR. In resistant genotypes, the BRV was identified up to 8 dpi; meanwhile, infection remained constant in susceptible genotypes. We established that BRV transmission under controlled conditions depends on the inoculum quality, post-inoculation cultivation temperature, and host-plant susceptibility to pathogen. This in vitro inoculation method opens possibilities to reveal the resistance mechanisms or response pathways to BRV and can be used for the selection of resistant Ribes spp. in breeding programs.
Computation Screening of Multi-Target Antidiabetic Properties of Phytochemicals in Common Edible Mediterranean Plants
Authors: Goulas Vlasios , Banegas-Luna Antonio J. , Constantinou Athena , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio , Barbouti Alexandra
Published: June 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease and one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Numerous studies support that the Mediterranean diet has preventive and treatment effects on diabetes. These effects have been attributed to the special bioactive composition of Mediterranean foods. The objective of this work was to decipher the antidiabetic activity of Mediterranean edible plant materials using the DIA-DB inverse virtual screening web server. A literature review on the antidiabetic potential of Mediterranean plants was performed and twenty plants were selected for further examination. Subsequently, the most abundant flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes in plant materials were studied to predict their antidiabetic activity. Results showed that flavonoids are the most active phytochemicals as they modulate the function of 17 protein-targets and present high structural similarity with antidiabetic drugs. Their antidiabetic effects are linked with three mechanisms of action, namely (i) regulation of insulin secretion/sensitivity, (ii) regulation of glucose metabolism, and (iii) regulation of lipid metabolism. Overall, the findings can be utilized to understand the antidiabetic activity of edible Mediterranean plants pinpointing the most active phytoconstituents.
Effectiveness of and Perspectives for the Sedimentation Analysis Method in Grain Quality Evaluation in Various Cereal Crops for Breeding Purposes
Authors: Kibkalo Ilya
Published: June 2022

The existing standardized methods for assessing the quality of marketable grain do not always meet the requirements of the breeding, such as the method’s rapidity, sufficiency of the minimum amount of experimental material, the minimal modifying influence of the external environment on the degree of expression of a criterion, and genetic determination and heritability of the latter. One of the methods that meets these requirements is the sediment volume test. The present study offers an analysis and examples of methodological developments in relation to the assessment of winter bread wheat grain in arid regions of cultivation, as well as of winter triticale. The fluorescent probing method was used as an example for demonstrating the prospects for assessing the swelling of ground grain products of both bread and durum wheat, and for such crops with a less-strong complex of storage polymers as triticale, rye, and millet. A two-stage sedimentation procedure that allows a successful differentiation of samples has been developed for sorghum and maize grain. It is presented here alongside with methodological works on wheat from different countries of the world. Examples of the proven high reproducibility of the sediment volume test in the offspring, and its genetic determination are provided. In general, the data obtained and the material accumulated by various researchers indicate that a modification of the sedimentation method, correctly chosen for specific goals and objectives, solves the problem of assessing grain quality in breeding samples starting from early progenies. All these circumstances make the sedimentation testing the leading or most promising method for assessing grain quality when breeding of a broad range of grain crops is carried out.
Pro-197-Ser Mutation and Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism Conferring Resistance to Flucarbazone-Sodium in Bromus japonicus
Authors: Lan Yuning , Zhou Xinxin , Lin Shenyuan , Cao Yi , Wei Shouhui , Huang Hongjuan , Li Wenyu , Huang Zhaofeng
Published: June 2022

In crop fields, resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides found in many troublesome weed species, including Bromus japonicus Thunb, is a worldwide problem. In particular, the development of herbicide resistance in B. japonicus is a severe threat to wheat production in China. The purpose of this research was to investigate the physiological and molecular basis of B. japonicus resistance to flucarbazone-sodium. Dose-response analysis demonstrated that, compared with the susceptible B. japonicus (S) population, the resistant (R) population exhibited a 120-fold increase in flucarbazone-sodium resistance. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the ALS gene indicated that the Pro-197-Ser mutation in ALS was associated with resistance to flucarbazone-sodium in the R population. The results of a malathion pretreatment study showed that B. japonicus might also have remarkable cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)-mediated metabolic resistance. This is the first report of a Pro-197-Ser mutation and P450-mediated metabolism conferring resistance to flucarbazone-sodium in B. japonicus.
Understanding Morphology, Bulk Properties, and Binding of Silk Particles for 3D Printing
Authors: Whyte Daniel , Allardyce Benjamin J. , Kouzani Abbas Z. , Wang Xungai , Rajkhowa Rangam
Published: June 2022

Silk fibroin has emerged as a leading biomaterial for biomedical applications. 3D printing has been successfully used for printing with silk fibroin, albeit in the form of a bioink, in direct-write 3D printers. However, in the form of bioinks, stability and mechanical attributes of silk are lost. An innovative alternative to producing 3D printed solid silk constructs is silk milled into powder for printing in a binder jetting printer. In this work, we focus on characteristics of silk powder to determine suitability for use in 3D printing. Two different silk powders are compared with hydroxyapatite powder, a known biomaterial for biomedical constructs. We have investigated powder size and shape by Camsizer X2 and Scanning Electron Microscope and bulk behaviour, dynamic flow behaviour, and shear behaviour by FT4 powder rheometer. Preliminary printing tests were conducted in an in-house custom-built printer designed for silk powder. It was found that silk powder has low flowability and stability. Therefore, to print solely out of silk powder, a 3D printer design will need sophisticated techniques to produce flow to ensure even distribution and consistent thickness of powder layers during the printing process. It was also found that high concentrations of formic acid (>75 to 99 wt.%) can fuse particles and therefore be used as a binder ink for 3D printing. The printer design challenges for silk powder are discussed.
La justicia transicional frente a la desaparición forzada de los 43 estudiantes de Ayotzinapa
Authors: Calvario Ponce Iván , Soto Sotelo José Antonio
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio se centra en el análisis de la desaparición forzada en el caso Ayotzinapa, derivado de los hechos ocurridos la noche del 26 y madrugada del 27 de septiembre de 2014, en la ciudad de Iguala, Guerrero. La presente fue una investigación socio-jurídica que, mediante el estudio de caso e instrumentos jurídicos aplicables, realizado a través de un enfoque cualitativo, permite identificar los elementos que integran a la desaparición forzada, los puntos medulares en la desaparición de 43 estudiantes. Asimismo, el enfoque permitió estudiar a la justicia transicional y los beneficios que trae su implementación a un caso concreto, lo que da como resultado un contraste positivo en la búsqueda y aplicación de mecanismos extraordinarios que contribuyen en la resolución del caso Ayotzinapa, sobre todo en el propósito de satisfacer la necesidad de verdad, justicia, reparación y no repetición a las víctimas.
13.4 fs, 0.1 Hz OPCPA Front End for the 100 PW-Class Laser Facility
Authors: Wang Xinliang , Liu Xingyan , Lu Xiaoming , Chen Junchi , Long Yingbin , Li Wenkai , Chen Haidong , Chen Xun , Bai Peile , Li Yanyan , Peng Yujie , Liu Yanqi , Wu Fenxiang , Wang Cheng , Li Zhaoyang , Xu Yi , Liang Xiaoyan , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: June 2022

Here, we report the recent progress on the front end developed for the 100 PW-class laser facility. Using 3 stages of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) based on lithium triborate (LBO) crystals, we realized a 5.26 J/0.1 Hz amplified output with a bandwidth over 200 nm near the center wavelength of 925 nm. After the compressor, we obtained a pulse duration of 13.4 fs. As the compression efficiency reached 67%, this OPCPA front end could potentially support a peak power of 263 TW at a repetition rate of 0.1 Hz. To the best of our knowledge, among all the 100 TW-level OPCPA systems, it shows the widest spectral width, the shortest pulse duration, and it is also the first OPCPA system working at a repetition-rate mode.
Exposure to COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates Among People With Disabilities in South Korea
Authors: Jeon Woo-Hwi , Oh In-Hwan , Seon Jeong-Yeon , Kim Jin-Nam , Park So-Youn
Published: June 2022

Background: With the delayed eradication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people with disabilities, a socially vulnerable class of individuals, face aggravated hardships caused by a pause in support services and lack of care due to stricter social distancing policies combined with the challenges of their disabilities. Given this background, we aim to investigate COVID-19 infection and mortality rates among people with disabilities, who face heightened physical and mental health threats amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Gender, age, health insurance premiums, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the severity of the disability, and the type of disability were compared among people with disabilities who had been infected with or died from COVID-19 using the nationally representative National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-COVID-19 database (DB). Results: We found that the COVID-19 infection rate was higher among those with low income, those with severe disability, and those with "other" disabilities (ie, speech disabilities, hepatic dysfunction, respiratory dysfunction, facial disfigurement, intestinal fistular/urinary disability, epilepsy, intellectual disability, autistic disorder, and mental disorders). The mortality rate was markedly higher (ie, 15.90 times higher, odds ratio [OR]: 15.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.16 - 41.06) among people aged 80 years or older as compared with those aged 60 years or younger. The odds for mortality were 2.49 times higher (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.33 - 4.64) among people with severe disabilities as compared with mild disabilities. Conclusion: Among people with disabilities, we found that COVID-19 infection rates differed according to income level, severity of the disability, and disability type, while the COVID-19 mortality rates differed according to age and severity of the disability.
Health Financing Reforms in Uganda: Dispelling the Fears and Misconceptions Related to Introduction of a National Health Insurance Scheme Comment on "Health Coverage and Financial Protection in Uganda: A Political Economy Perspective"
Authors: Basaza Robert K. , Namyalo Prossy K. , Mutatina Boniface
Published: June 2022

Uganda introduced health financing reforms that entailed abolition of user fees, and in due process planned to introduce a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). This paper accentuates a contextual and political-economic analysis that dispels the fears and misconceptions related to introduction of the insurance scheme. The Grindle and Thomas model is used to depict how various factors affect decision making by policy elites concerning a particular policy at a particular time. Drawing lessons from the sub-Sahara region and in particular, Ghana and Rwanda’s experience, it is clear that the political will of the executive led by the president in many countries is a key determinant in bringing about health reforms. In this paper, we provide insights based on contextual and political-economic analysis to countries in similar setting that are interested in setting up NHISs.
Functionality Of Religious Education In The Development Of The Sense Of Self-Worth
Authors: YALVAÇ ARICI Handan
Published: June 2022

The feeling of self-worth is an important emotion that supports individuals to accept themselves and their abilities, to value and be realistic about themselves. Today, the lives presented in traditional media and social media and the envy for those lives are increasing, and especially the beauty standards, wealthy lives, positions, prestiges revealed by influencers on social media lead individuals to compare their own lives with those lives and deprive their individual originality and freedom. People who base their self-worth on external sources such as physical appearance, academic success, wealth and prestige cannot protect their inner integrity and can become depressed. On the other hand, it is known that people who take their self-worth from their inner resources live more peacefully, do not see themselves as worthless in negative situations and focus on solving problems in negative situations. Studies show that when the sense of self-worth is built well, individuals are more objective and understanding towards themselves and solve problems more easily. Religious education guides individuals to plan their world and afterlife and to well use what they have innately. In this study, self-worth, virtualization and construction of self-worth, the functionality of religious education in constructing self-worth is explained.
Determination of Taxpayer Compliance In Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Center Batik
Authors: Utomo Rochmad Bayu , Manafe Nixon Redalis , Budiantara Martinus , Wulandari Ika , Murtini Sri
Published: June 2022

Tax is the core element in supporting state revenue. Therefore, taxpayer compliance in taxation greatly determines the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget implementation. Many factors affect tax compliance. This research will discuss the factors of awareness and knowledge of taxation on taxpayer compliance. In addition to this research, we likewise want to know whether information technology can mediate the relationship between tax awareness and tax knowledge of taxpayer compliance. This research is a case study for all taxpayers who do batik business in the Kampung Batik Giriloyo area, Imogiri District, Yogyakarta. The total sample in this research was 91 taxpayers. The data used in this study is primary data by distributing questionnaires and direct interviews with respondents. This research used data analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that tax awareness and information technology affected taxpayer compliance. Tax awareness and tax knowledge do not affect information technology. Tax knowledge does not affect tax compliance. Furthermore, information technology can not mediate the relationship between tax awareness and tax knowledge with tax compliance. The implications of this research for the government are to make policies that are more supportive of MSME actors, not burdensome in paying and reporting taxes, especially in areas that are difficult to signal, and more massive socialization of tax technology so that people are aware.
Sosialisasi e-Filing terhadap Wajib Pajak Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kecamatan Siantar Timur
Authors: Saragih Marintan , Sri Martina  , Tarigan Vitryani , Tarigan Wico J , Purba Djuli Sjafei
Published: June 2022

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) bertujuan memberikan sosialisasi pengisian data perpajakan dengan menggunakan system informasi perpajakan secara online (e-filing). Sosialisasi dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 Maret 2022, dan ada 20 orang peserta yang hadir dari wajib pajak Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Kegiatan sosialisasi diawali dengan menyampaikan materi mengenai E-SPT, diskusi dan Tanya jawab. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan dalam materi adalah diskusi bersama bertujuan mengetahui tingkat pemahaman wajib pajak tentang perpajakan. Peserta kegiatan pelatihan wajib membawa laptop dan punya aplikasi E-SPT masing-masing untuk memperlancar kegiatan praktik. Kemudian, narasumber menjelaskan materi sebagai pedoman untuk peserta memahami praktik pengisian SPT. Pemateri memberikan contoh pajak penghasilan badan, PPh OP, dan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) serta menunjukkan cara mengisi e-SPT dengan menggunakan SPT. Setelah ceramah mengenai materi sosialisasi e-filing dilanjutkan acara sesi Tanya jawab antara peserta dan narasumber melalui bertanya langsung kepada narasumber yang dibantu oleh moderator. Karena adanya keterbatasan waktu maka pertanyaan dibatasi yakni 6 pertanyaan kemudian masing-masing peserta akan menyelesaikan kasus nyata melalui penyusunan SPT PPh Badan, PPh OP, dan PPN dengan menggunakan akun E-SPT yang didampingi oleh para dosen dari Jurusan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Simalungun
Pendampingan Penerapan Computational Thinking pada Siswa SDN Sungai Lulut 2 Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Mambang  , Zulfadhilah Muhammad , Cipta Subhan Panji , Prastya Septyan Eka , Marleny Finki Dona
Published: June 2022

Setelah proses pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan melakukan pendampingan penerapan computational thinking, kami menyatakan bahwa ketertarikan serta tingkat penyerapan teknologi dasar komputer dalam konteks Computational Thinking dan adaftasi penggunaan komputer pada siswa SDN Sungai Lulut 2 berjalan dengan baik. Pelaksanaan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yang dimulai dari tahapan inisialisasi, proses dan juga evaluasi. Inisiasi juga dilakukan pada materi Computational Thinking baik itu bentuk slide powerpoint dan juga video pembelajaran dengan memperhatikan dari konten atau isi, audio, dan bentuk animasi yang akan dibuat. Pada tahapan proses dilakukan dengan beberapa metode seperti ceramah, praktik, diskusi aktif, dan evaluasi. Dari soal-soal latihan yang diberikan, kemampuan peserta dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal computational thinking sudah baik. Dari lima soal latihan yang diberikan kepada siswa melalui slide power point, terdapat empat soal yang mampu terjawab langsung secara benar oleh siswa tersebut. Dari lima soal yang diberikan hanya satu soal yang tidak tepat menjawab pada kesempatan pertama, artinya harus diulang dan dijawab oleh peserta lainnya. Pendampingan dalam pengenalan teknologi-teknologi terbaru pada jenjang Pendidikan dasar dan menengah diperlukan untuk dapat dilakukan evaluasi terhadap penggunaan dan adaptasi teknologi. Pada penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat membandingkan hasil pengabdian dalam konteks computational thinking dan adaptasi teknologi dibeberapa sekolah sehingga hasil yang didapatkan selanjutnya dapat divalidasi dengan komprehensif
Book Review: The Fiat Standard: The Debt Slavery Alternative to Human Civilization
Authors: D'Andrea Fernando Monteiro
Published: June 2022

Saifedean Ammous' 18-chapter sequel to _The Bitcoin Standard_ (2018) shows how the technology used as money directs the way a society develops. The analysis of a world dominated by fiat currency is accompanied by a discussion of the switch from a gold standard to a fiat standard, then the possible move to a bitcoin standard. Though the book appears to go overboard in its quest to blame fiat currency as cause of many, if not all, societal problems, the book undoubtedly brings to light important factors that need to be further addressed.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN REACT DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Arfandi Arfandi , Zulaeha Siti , Kandiri Kandiri
Published: June 2022

Based on the results of the average daily test, the material in PAI lessons has not met the KKM. In addition, teachers at these schools tend to use conventional models in PAI learning and rarely relate the material taught to students' real lives or phenomena that occur, so students do not understand what the teacher is saying and become passive in learning activities.The monotonous learning process often makes students bored to follow it. So far, what is widely known in the learning process has not made students happy in learning because they still use less varied methods, namely the lecture method, question and answer and assignments. The main problems in this research are as follows: (1) How is the application of the REACT learning strategy in PAI. and (2) How is the improvement of student learning outcomes through the application of REACT learning strategies  in PAIBP. In this study using the type of classroom action research. The object of this research is SMP Negeri 1 Kendit. In this study used various kinds of data collection, namely observation, interview and documentation. Based on the results of the discussion and findings, it can be concluded as follows: 1) The application of the REACT learning strategy PAI, that all components are implemented in accordance with the steps with the aim of being effective in learning, and 2) There is an increase in student learning outcomes from pre-cycle reaching 55%, increasing 14% in the first cycle to 69% then implementing the second cycle, increasing 21% so that it reaches 90% through the implementation of learning strategies REACT PAIBP.
ALI MUSTAFA YA’QUB: CRITICISM OF PROBLEMATIC HADITH AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDY OF HADITH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayat Alfani , Faida Fidiani
Published: June 2022

This article discusses Ali Mustafa Ya'qub's criticism of the popular hadiths in society and their contribution to the development of hadith studies in Indonesia.  Ali Mustafa Ya'qub tested the authenticity of these problematic hadiths by combining sanad and matan criticism. The results of this study comprehend Ali Mustafa Ya'qub's method of understanding a hadith by referring to the hadith Takhrij, namely by referring to the work of Mahmud Thahhan.  In addition, he also often performs ijtihad independently in determining the quality of hadith, namely by looking at the opinions of mutaqaddimin, mutaakhkhirin and contemporary scholars.  Ali Mustafa Ya'qub's contribution to the study of hadith in Indonesia can be seen based on his critical attitude when he studied and criticized the work of orientalists, namely Ignaz Goldziher, Juynboll, Joseph Schact and David Samuel Margolioth as well as scholars who went against the flow.  He also verified the hadith and also founded the Darussunnah Islamic Boarding School in the hope that it would produce muhaddiths and become an asset in understanding hadith.