bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the trustability of semi-empirical methods to the calculation of gas phase formation enthalpies of inorganic compounds containing heavy metals: tin borates
Authors: de Farias Robson
Published: September 2017

In the present work, are calculated the gas formation enthalpies (SE; PM3 and PM6) for tin borates: SnB2O4 and Sn2B2O5. The calculated values are compared with experimental ones, obtained by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry [3]. It is shown that SE methods, besides their lower computational time consuming can, indeed, provide reliable gas phase formation enthalpy values for inorganic compounds containing heavy metals.
Transition probability approach for direct calculation of coefficients of Configuration Interaction wave function
Authors: Bag Arijit
Published: September 2017

To reduce the computation cost of Configuration Interaction (CI) method, a new technique is used to calculate the coefficients of doubly excited determinants directly from orbital energies, orbital overlap matrix and electron population obtained from Hartree Fock level run. This approach to approximate the coefficients of CI wave function is termed as transition probability approximated CI (TPA-CI). In principle, calculated dynamical electron correlation energy of TPA-CI and Full CI (FCI) are equivalent. It is observed that computed TPA-CI correlation energies of hydrogen, water, ammonia and ozone are very close to FCI values, within 5% error. The potential energy curve of the hydrogen molecule is also studied and it is found that the energy is minimum at its equilibrium bond length.
Co-planar two-dimensional Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Capacitor: Numerical study of the device electrostatics.
Authors: Bheemireddy Varun
Published: September 2017

The two-dimensional(2D) materials are highly promising candidates to realise elegant and ecient transistor. In the present letter, we conjecture a novel co-planar metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS) device(capacitor) completely based on lateral 2D materials architecture and perform numerical study of the capacitor with a particular emphasis on its dierences with the conventional 3D MIS electrostatics. The space-charge density features a long charge-tail extending into the bulk of the semiconductor as opposed to the rapid decay in 3D capacitor. Equivalently, total space-charge and semiconductor capacitance densities are atleast an order of magnitude more in 2D semiconductor. In contrast to the bulk capacitor, expansion of maximum depletion width in 2D semiconductor is observed with increasing doping concentration due to lower electrostatic screening. The heuristic approach of performance analysis(2D vs 3D) for digital-logic transistor suggest higher ON-OFF current ratio in the long-channel limit even without third dimension and considerable room to maximise the performance of short-channel transistor. The present results could potentially trigger the exploration of new family of co-planar at transistors that could play a signi�significant role in the future low-power and/or high performance electronics.
Unravelling the nature of glyphosate binding to goethite surfaces by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ahmed Ashour A. , Leinweber P. , Kühn Oliver
Published: September 2017

Simulation results are presented which quantify the binding energy of glyphosate to different goethite surfaces. Further the effect of water and pH is addressed.
A Concepção e Projecto de Instalações Eléctricas e o Sistema Nacional de Certificação Energética e da Qualidade do Ar Interior em Edifícios
Authors: Castanheira Luís Filipe Caeiro
Published: September 2017

O novo sistema nacional de certificação energética e da qualidade do ar interior em edifícios (SCE), que decorre da publicação dos DL, 78 a 80, de 4 de Abril de 2006, vêm impor um novo enquadramento regulamentar para a utilização de energia em edifícios no território nacional. Em particular para o caso dos grandes edifícios de serviços e para aqueles, de serviços ou residenciais, cujos sistemas de climatização ou de aquecimento de águas sanitárias (AQS) tenham uma potência superior a 25kw, o rsece-energia (DL 79/2006, de 4 de Abril), impõe indicadores de consumo específico máximo a verificar, denominados de indicadores de eficiência energética (IEE).
O Aquecimento dos Condutores na Situação de Curto-Circuito
Authors: Silva Henrique Jorge de Jesus Ribeiro da
Published: September 2017

As Regras Técnicas das Instalações Eléctricas em Baixa Tensão, RTIEBT, apresentam no parágrafo 434.3.2 uma expressão que determina o tempo máximo de exposição de um condutor a uma corrente de curto-circuito, expressão esta conhecida por curva de fadiga térmica da canalização, função de diversas grandezas entre as quais a variável K por sua vez dependente da natureza da alma condutora e do isolamento.
Infra-estruturas de Telecomunicações em Edifícios – O Estado da Arte
Authors: Cunha Manuel
Published: September 2017

Hoje em dia quando se fala em ITED, não se fala apenas num regulamento de infra-estrutura de telecomunicações em edifícios. Quando se fala em ITED fala-se, também, de mudança, das novas tecnologias e, sobretudo, de novos horizontes.
A Solução POWERLINE Para o Sector Residencial
Authors: Brandão Roque
Published: September 2017

Apesar de muito utilizada no sector industrial, a automação ainda não atingiu o mesmo patamar de implementação no sector doméstico. A evolução tecnológica leva a que quase todos os dias apareçam novos produtos que visam a implementação de sistemas domóticos que possibilitem o conforto, a segurança e a eficiência nas habitações. Contudo, quando se pretende instalar um sistema domótico com o objectivo de simplificar os processos numa habitação, a palavra que surge não é “simplicidade”, mas sim “complicação”.Para além de a grande maioria das pessoas não estar familiarizada com as funcionalidades que um sistema domótico permite, existe sempre o pensamento que esses sistemas têm um custo elevado, o que de certa forma não é um pensamento errado. Se quanto ao aspecto do preço, não há muito a fazer, ele depende das leis do mercado e do custo da inovação, quanto à complexidade da instalação e utilização dos sistemas, trata‐se de um pensamento induzido nas pessoas que não conhecem os sistemas domóticos e que facilmente se consegue desmistificar.Os projectos de domótica nas habitações deveriam ser pensados aquando do projecto da habitação. No entanto, a realidade não é essa. A grande maioria das habitações não foi pensada para a instalação desses sistemas e só depois da instalação eléctrica estar efectuada e a habitação habitada é que se percebe que se precisava de ter mais alguma flexibilidade e funcionalidade na instalação. A evolução tecnológica permitiu desenvolver soluções para este tipo de situações. Hoje em dia não é necessário reconstruir a habitação para instalar sistemas domóticos. Existem soluções que usam a rede eléctrica já instalada e que permitem instalar funções domóticas na habitação.
Harmónicos em Instalações Eléctricas
Authors: Silva Henrique Jorge de Jesus Ribeiro da
Published: September 2017

Jean Baptiste Joseph, barão de Fourier, publicou em Paris no ano de 1822 a sua ópera magna “Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur”. Nesta obra Fourier demonstrava que a condução do calor nos corpos sólidos podia ser descrita através de uma série infinita de senos e co‐senos. O trabalho estimulou investigações nos mais variados campos da ciência e da técnica, tendo ressaltado que o tipo de formulação matemática empregada por Fourier era um pré‐requisito para a solução de fenómenos que exibiam natureza periódica.O método de exprimir funções periódicas em termos de somas de senos e co‐senos recebe o nome de Análise Harmónica.
Redes “Fiber To The Home – FTTH” O Despertar de Novos Serviços de Telecomunicações
Authors: Ramos Sérgio Filipe Carvalho
Published: September 2017

Se há poucos anos não imaginávamos as nossas vidas sem o conforto proporcionado pela iluminação artificial, fruto do desenvolvimento e proliferação da produção, transporte e distribuição de energia eléctrica, seguramente que nos dias de hoje é indissociável juntar a esse mesmo conforto e estilo de vida a utilização dos meios de telecomunicações actuais.
Centrais Fotovoltaicas para a Microprodução
Authors: Brandão Roque Filipe Mesquita
Published: September 2017

Portugal, produz apenas uma pequena parte da energia que consome, toda a restante energia consumida é importada.Portugal apresenta uma forte dependência energética do exterior, das maiores da UE.Não explorando quaisquer recursos energéticos fósseis no seu território desde 1995 (quando deixou de extrair carvão), a sua própria produção de energia assenta exclusivamente no aproveitamento dos recursos renováveis, como sendo a água, o vento, a biomassa e outros em menor escala.Esta situação tem consequências directas na nossa economia, uma vez que o custo dos combustíveis fósseis importados encarece a produção de bens e serviços em território nacional. Para além disso tem também implicações sociais, pois representa custos acrescidos para o consumidor e reflecte‐se no ambiente, devido à produção crescente de Gases com Efeito de Estufa (GEE).No ano de 2008 a potência instalada em Portugal era de 14916 MW, sendo que 30,7% dessa potência é da responsabilidade das centrais hidroeléctricas, 39,01% da responsabilidade de centrais termoeléctricas e 30,29% é referente a produção em regime especial (P.R.E.). De entre os P.R.E. destacam‐se os 2624 MW da responsabilidade de produtores eólicos e apenas 50 MW instalados em sistemas fotovoltaicos.No entanto Portugal, à excepção do Chipre, tem a melhor insolação anual de toda a Europa, com valores 70% superiores aos verificados na Alemanha. Esta diferença leva a que o custo da electricidade produzida em condições idênticas seja 40% menor em Portugal. Este aspecto é uma enorme vantagem que tem de ser capitalizada.
Sistema de Gestão de Iluminação LUTRON
Authors: Viegas Sónia
Published: September 2017

Os custos da construção dos edifícios e posteriormente a sua manutenção, são cada vez mais elevados.A dimensão e a densidade de ocupação, que hoje caracterizam os edifícios, os objectivos de flexibilidade de utilização e contenção de custos de funcionamento, são cada vez mais uma necessidade, tornando indispensável a racionalização do projecto e a optimização da exploração dos edifícios.
Ascensores
Authors: Ferreira José Jacinto , Franco Miguel Leichsenring
Published: September 2017

Segundo um estudo recente da União Europeia1 , o sector dos edifícios será responsável por cerca de 40% do consumo total de energia neste espaço geográfico.Cerca de 70% do consumo de energia deste sector verificar‐ se‐á nos edifícios residenciais.Em Portugal, mais de 28% da energia final e 60% da energia eléctrica é consumida em edifícios.
Protecção das Pessoas em Instalações Eléctricas de Baixa Tensão
Authors: Carvalho José António Beleza
Published: September 2017

O correcto dimensionamento dos dispositivos de protecção das pessoas contra contactos indirectos em instalações eléctricas de Baixa Tensão (BT), é uma das condições fundamentais para que uma instalação possa ser utilizada e explorada com conforto e em perfeitas condições de segurança. De acordo com a normalização em vigor, é, também, uma das condições essenciais para a certificação ou licenciamento das instalações eléctricas por parte das entidades ou organismos responsáveis, a quem estão atribuídas estas competências.A função dos dispositivos de protecção das pessoas contra os contactos indirectos será o corte automático da alimentação da instalação eléctrica, que, em caso de defeito, e em consequência do valor e da duração da tensão de contacto, evitará o risco de se produzirem efeitos fisiopatológicos perigosos nas pessoas. Esta medida de protecção obriga à coordenação entre o Regime de Neutro (ou Esquema de Ligação à Terra (ELT)) adoptado na instalação, e as características dos condutores de protecção e dos respectivos dispositivos de protecção.Neste artigo são apresentados alguns exemplos de cálculo dos dispositivos de protecção das pessoas contra contactos indirectos, de acordo com o Regime de Neutro adoptado para a instalação eléctrica.
Veículos Eléctricos
Authors: Melo Pedro Miguel Azevedo de Sousa
Published: September 2017

Os impactos ambientais e económicos dos combustíveis fósseis têm uma forte proveniência do sector dos transportes. Este facto tem motivado, nas últimas décadas, um aumento do desenvolvimento dos veículos eléctricos, principalmente, das soluções híbridas. Tais desenvolvimentos resultam da integração de diversos domínios da engenharia, sendo de destacar os novos materiais e concepções de motores eléctricos, a electrónica de potência, os sistemas de controlo e os sistemas de armazenamento de energia.
Infra‐Estruturas de Telecomunicações em Edifícios (ITED)
Authors: Peixoto Luis , Ramos Sérgio Filipe Carvalho
Published: September 2017

A defesa dos interesses dos consumidores de comunicações electrónicas passa por infra‐estruturas de telecomunicações modernas, fiáveis e adaptadas aos serviços dos operadores públicos.
Paul Livingston and Andrew Cutrofello, The Problems of Contemporary Philosophy: A Critical Guide for the Unaffiliated, Cambridge (UK) and Malden (USA): Polity Press, 2015, x + 230 hlm.
Authors: Tandyanto Yulius
Published: September 2017

Buku berjudul The Problems of Contemporary Philosophy: A Critical Guide for the Unaffiliated patut dibaca untuk memahami perdebatan dalam filsafat kontemporer. Buku ini ditulis oleh dua profesor filsafat yang berlatarbelakang dari tradisi analitik maupun tradisi kontinental.

Paul Livingston adalah profesor filsafat di University of New Mexico. Ia mendalami filsafat kesadaran (mind), filsafat bahasa, fenomenologi, filsafat politik, serta menaruh minat besar pada filsafat ilmu. Beberapa karyanya: The Logic of Being: Realism, Truth, and Time (Northwestern, 2017); The Politics of Logic: Badiou, Wittgenstein, and the Consequence of Formalism (Routledge, 2011); Philosophy and the Vision of Language (Routledge, 2008); serta Philosophical History and the Problem of Consciousness (Cambridge, 2004).

Penulis kedua, Andrew Cutrofello, adalah profesor filsafat di Loyola University of Chicago. Cutrofello mengkhususkan ranah penelitiannya pada Kant, Hegel, dan filsafat kontinental. Saat ini, Cutrofello sedang menggeluti soal titik temu antara filsafat dan kesusasteraan, khususnya puisi-puisi berbahasa Inggris. Karya-karya Cutrofello di antaranya: Beyond the Analytic-Continental Divide: Pluralist Philosophy in the Twenty-First Century (Routledge, 2015)—buku yang disunting bersama Jeffrey Bell dan Paul Livingston; All for Nothing: Hamlet’s Negativity (MIT, 2014); dan Continental Philosophy: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge, 2005).

Dalam ranah filsafat kontemporer, Livingston dan Cutrofello berupaya mengembangkan suatu filsafat “majemuk,” yang berupaya melampaui pemisahan antara tradisi analitik dan tradisi kontinental. Proyek itu pulalah yang mewarnai dan menjadi tema utama buku The Problems of Contemporary Philosophy—selanjutnya disingkat PCP.

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Sebagai catatan, keterbatasan PCP sebagaimana diakui oleh Livingston dan Cutrefello sendiri terletak pada fokus dan pembatasan mengenai persoalan-persoalan filosofis itu sendiri. Kedua penulis tersebut memusatkan perhatian pada beberapa persoalan mendasar yang menarik perhatian para filsuf kontemporer. Karena itu, Livingston dan Cutrefello tidak menawarkan sebuah pemetaan komprehensif dan utuh mengenai semua persoalan filosofis. Keterbatasan lainnya juga terletak pada pembahasan yang berorientasi seputar filsafat Eropa dan Anglo-Amerika sehingga meminggirkan tradisi-tradisi lainnya. Bahkan, pembahasan Livingston dan Cutrefello secara eksklusif terpusat pada filsafat-filsafat yang ditulis atau diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris saja sehingga mengecualikan berbagai kajian filsafat di luar bahasa Inggris. (Yulius Tandyanto, Alumnus Pascasarjana Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara, Jakarta)
EL FENÓMENO DEL INCESTO Y LA NECESIDAD DE UN ENFOQUE INTERDISCIPLINARIO PARA SU ESTUDIO / THE INCENSE PHENOMENON AND THE NEED FOR AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH FOR ITS STUDY
Authors: Fuentes José Hazel Mendoza
Published: September 2017

RESUMENEl presente artículo aborda el fenómeno del incesto haciendo énfasis en las diferentes implicaciones que toca dentro de las ciencias sociales y biológicas, cuestiones previas necesarias para la cristalización de expresiones psicológicas, médicas, culturales y sociales que deben considerarse para elaborar una regulación jurídica con eficacia real. Se hace un breve recorrido por las corrientes más relevantes que han analizado el tema en el Siglo XX.Palabras clave: Incesto. Derecho. Ciencias Sociales. ABSTRACTThis article addresses the phenomenon of incest by emphasizing the different implications of social and biological sciences, which are necessary for the crystallization of psychological, medical, cultural and social expressions that must be considered in order to elaborate a legal regulation with real effectiveness. It is made a brief tour of the most relevant currents that have analyzed the subject in Century XX.Keywords: Incest. Law. Social Sciences.
DO BERÇO DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO À SUA DIMENSÃO MODERNA: EUROPA E BRASIL/THE BITH OF CONSTITUTIONALISM TO ITS MODERN DIMENSION: EUROPE AND BRAZIL
Authors: Paula Fábio De Souza de , Reis João Emílio de Assis
Published: September 2017

RESUMO                                       Este estudo descreve o constitucionalismo, do berço à sua dimensão moderna com alguns momentos relevantes para a compreensão na atualidade, com evidência na Europa e no Brasil. Uma trajetória histórica com diversidade geográfica, cultural, social e política tem marcado a evolução do constitucionalismo em diferentes épocas da existência humana desde o período da barbárie, do despotismo marcado pela monarquia até chegar ao surgimento do Estado Moderno e do Neoconstitucionalismo nos dias atuais.Palavras-chave: História do Constitucionalismo. Brasil. Europa. ABSTRACTThis study describes the constitutionalism, the cradle of the scale with some modern times relevant to understanding today, with evidence in Europe and Brazil. A historical trajectory with geographic diversity, cultural, social and political has marked the evolution of constitutionalism in different epochs of human existence from the terror periods, marked by monarch despotism until the emergence of the modern state and neoconstitutionalism today.Keywords: History of Constitucionalism. Brazil. Europe.
Analysis on data processing of three-component magnetic survey in well
Authors: Li Feng , Wenjian Guo
Published: September 2017

the three-component magnetic survey in well, as an important means in the geological prospecting, plays an important complementary role in geological magnetic survey data. During the data process of three-component magnetic survey, the drilling technology, instruments of three-component magnetic survey in well as well as performance and precision of the gyroscope inclinometer should be considered synthetically, and the appropriate data processing method should be selected according to the different trajectory feature of borehole, in order to improve the accuracy of data interpretation.
Evaluation Results of the Amsterdam, Netherlands, Practical Trial with In-Car Travel and Route Advice
Authors: Wilmink Isabel , Jonkers Eline , Snelder Maaike , Klunder Gerdien
Published: September 2017

Travel and route guidance services are widely available. Social navigation services that provide travelers with advice aimed at minimizing driver travel time, while also taking into account the effect on travel times of other travelers, are relatively new. Theoretically, social navigation has been shown to reduce total travel time by 10% to 30%. This paper presents the evaluation results of a large-scale field trial for pretrip and on-trip route advice with load balancing, in which about 20,000 participants were active. The evaluation provided insight into the potential effects of in-car information services, such as effects on user behavior, traffic flow effects, and technical aspects. Participants used mostly the pretrip advisories. Compliance with the on-trip route advice was 50%, which was considered high (compared with compliance with route advice on variable message signs). An effect on traffic flow could not be measured, as penetration rates were (despite thousands of users) still too low. An offline study using measured travel times combined with a traffic model, however, showed that substantial delay reductions can be achieved for the Amsterdam, Netherlands, region. Participants’ appreciation of the service resulted in a mixed picture with positive and negative ratings. The main practical contribution of this paper is that the results can be used to develop social navigation services. Empirical insights about route advice compliance can be seen as the main scientific contribution.
Regional Multimodal Approach for Improving Intelligent Transportation Systems in the Western Balkans
Authors: Vukanovic Svetlana , Begovic Nedim , El Araby Khaled
Published: September 2017

With a budget of €24.05 billion until 2020, the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) are an ambitious infrastructure policy of the European Union adopted in 2014 with the goal of connecting the continent between east and west, north and south. This policy aims to close the gaps between member states’ transport networks, remove bottlenecks still hampering the smooth functioning of the internal market, and overcome technical barriers, such as incompatible standards for railway traffic. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are a critical element of successfully achieving the goals of the TEN-T policy. The Western Balkan countries are at different stages in their introduction of ITS, without a coherent introduction of ITS even on a national level (for different transport modes), and usually without the necessary interconnection between modes and between different systems nationally and internationally. ITS implementations suffer from insufficient standardization of information exchanges, market actors’ disparate capabilities in using information and communication technology (ICT), legal requirements hampering the use of ICT, and data security and privacy issues. This paper presents the results of a recently completed study, Assessment of ITS Deployment on TEN-T Core Network in the Western Balkans, to develop a multimodal road map for addressing the challenge of improving ITS in the Western Balkans to meet TEN-T demands. The paper demonstrates how a multimodal assessment of ITS considering legislative and operational issues can be used to develop a road map for ITS deployment that will not only overcome the fragmented approach adopted at present but will also provide significant economies of scale for implementation and operation through regional harmonization.
Development and Evaluation of High-Speed Differential Warning Application Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication
Authors: Li Weixia , Wu Guoyuan , Boriboonsomsin Kanok , Barth Matthew J. , Rajab Samer , Bai Sue , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2017

Connected vehicle (CV) technology has shown great potential in enhancing safety, mobility, and environmental sustainability of roadway transportation systems by enabling vehicles and infrastructure to exchange real-time information through wireless communications. The information available through CV technology has been used to develop a variety of onboard driver assistance tools and applications. This paper presents an innovative, safety-focused CV application called the high-speed differential warning (HSDW). The application identifies potential hazards resulting from high-speed differentials between HSDW-equipped vehicles (ego-vehicles) and surrounding remote vehicles and then provides alerts to drivers of ego-vehicles to help them take appropriate actions. In this research, real-world scenarios and parameters of the HSDW application are first identified. A driver response strategy for each scenario is then developed in consonance with findings from a public survey on the HSDW application. Next, a comprehensive evaluation of various scenarios is conducted with a well-calibrated Paramics traffic microscopic simulation tool set up for a real-world traffic network. Finally, the safety performance of HSDW-equipped vehicles, unequipped vehicles, and overall traffic is analyzed with the surrogate safety assessment model. Results demonstrate that the proposed HSDW application improves the safety performance of ego-vehicles without compromising the mobility and environmental sustainability performance of the overall traffic.
Anti-ulcer activity of Cestrum nocturnum leaf in ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models
Authors: Saleem Uzma , Haq Ejaz ul , Ahmad Bashir , Saleem Mohammad
Published: September 2017

This study was planned to explore the antiulcer activity of the methanolic and n-hexane extracts of Cestrum nocturnum leaf against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models in rats. The rats were administered orally vehicle in normal control group, methanolic and n-hexane extracts at doses 300, 500, 700 mg/kg, in treated groups and omeprazole 20 mg/kg, as standard drug. The gastric tissues/contents were examined to determine the ulcer index, antiulcer activity, gastric pH, gastric juice volume and acidity. Both extracts showed dose-dependent increase in antiulcer activity (%) in both ulcer models. Histopathology also supported these results. Gastric pH significantly increased while the gastric juice and acidity significantly decreased in the treatment groups of both ulcer models indicating the anti-secretory effect of extracts. It may be concluded that C. nocturnum protect gastric mucosa by decreasing gastric juice, acidity and increasing the gastric pH.
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On the Optimisation of Practical Wireless Indoor and Outdoor Microcells Subject to QoS Constraints
Authors: Omorinoye Adeola , Vien Quoc-Tuan
Published: September 2017

Wireless indoor and outdoor microcells (WIOMs) have emerged as a promising means to deal with a high demand of mobile users for a variety of services. Over such heterogeneous networks, the deployment of WIOMs costs mobile/telecommunications company high capital expenditures and operating expenses. This paper aims at optimising the WIOMs taking into account various network communication environments. We first develop an optimisation problem to minimise the number of cells as well as determining their optimal locations subject to the constraints of the coverage and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In particular, we propose a binary-search based cell positioning (BSCP) algorithm to find the optimal number of cells given a preset candidate antenna positions. The proposed BSCP algorithm is shown to not only reduce the number of cells for saving resources but also requires a low computational complexity compared to the conventional approaches with exhaustive search over all available sites. Moreover, EDX SignalPro is exploited as a simulation platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed BSCP for the WIOMs with respect to various propagation modes and antenna parameters of different types, including isotropic, multiple-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output.
Decision Support Simulation Method for Process Improvement of Intermittent Production Systems
Authors: Tamás Péter
Published: September 2017

Nowadays production system processes are undergoing sweeping changes. The trends include an increase in the number of product variants to be produced, as well as the reduction of the production’s lead time. These trends were induced by new devices of the industry’s 4.0, namely the Internet of Things and cyber physical systems. The companies have been applying intermittent production systems (job production, batch production) because of the increase in the number of product variants. Consequently, increasing the efficiency of these systems has become especially important. The aim of development in the long term—not achievable in many cases—is the realization of unique production, with mass production’s productivity and lower cost. The improvement of complex production systems can be realized efficiently only through simulation modeling. A standardized simulation method for intermittent production systems has not been elaborated so far. In this paper, I introduce a simulation method for system improvement and present its application possibilities and a practical example.
Pt-Based Nanostructures for Observing Genuine SERS Spectra of p-Aminothiophenol (PATP) Molecules
Authors: Wang Yinong , Zhao Haofei , Cao En , Sun Yinghui , Ye Huanyu , Lin Weihua , Wang Rongming
Published: September 2017

By one-pot wet chemical method, Pt-based hollow nanostructures were synthesized at room temperature. Because of the highly damping optical response of the metal, these Pt-based hollow nanostructures exhibited weak thermal effects with a laser focal spot on 4-aminothiophenol (PATP) molecules limiting dimerisation. The isolated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of PATP, in which the vibrational bands from 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) molecules are not observed, were able to be seen, and this was in good agreement with the Raman spectra of PATP powder. In addition, the concentration of PATP molecules was varied, and the illumination time was increased to 2000 s, respectively. It was found that spectra were stable with varied PATP concentrations, and the plasmon-driven chemical conversion of PATP to DMAB was still suppressed, even when the laser illumination time was increased to 2000 s.
Elemental Mixing State of Aerosol Particles Collected in Central Amazonia during GoAmazon2014/15
Authors: Fraund Matthew , Pham Don , Bonanno Daniel , Harder Tristan , Wang Bingbing , Brito Joel , De Sá Suzane , Carbone Samara , China Swarup , Artaxo Paulo , Martin Scot , Pöhlker Christopher , Andreae Meinrat , Laskin Alexander , Gilles Mary , Moffet Ryan
Published: September 2017

Two complementary techniques, Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy/Near Edge Fine Structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), have been quantitatively combined to characterize individual atmospheric particles. This pair of techniques was applied to particle samples at three sampling sites (ATTO, ZF2, and T3) in the Amazon basin as part of the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field campaign during the dry season of 2014. The combined data was subjected to k-means clustering using mass fractions of the following elements: C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Cluster analysis identified 12 particle types across different sampling sites and particle sizes. Samples from the remote Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO, also T0a) exhibited less cluster variety and fewer anthropogenic clusters than samples collected at the sites nearer to the Manaus metropolitan region, ZF2 (also T0t) or T3. Samples from the ZF2 site contained aged/anthropogenic clusters not readily explained by transport from ATTO or Manaus, possibly suggesting the effects of long range atmospheric transport or other local aerosol sources present during sampling. In addition, this data set allowed for recently established diversity parameters to be calculated. All sample periods had high mixing state indices (χ) that were >0.8. Two individual particle diversity (Di) populations were observed, with particles <0.5 µm having a Di of ~2.4 and >0.5 µm particles having a Di of ~3.6, which likely correspond to fresh and aged aerosols, respectively. The diversity parameters determined by the quantitative method presented here will serve to aid in the accurate representation of aerosol mixing state, source apportionment, and aging in both less polluted and more developed environments in the Amazon Basin.
Improving the Indigo Carmine Decolorization Ability of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Laccase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Lu Lei , Feng Fujuan
Published: September 2017

Indigo carmine is a typical recalcitrant dye which is widely used in textile dyeing processes. Laccases are versatile oxidases showing strong ability to eliminate hazardous dyes from wastewater. However, most laccases require the participation of mediators for efficient decolorization of indigo carmine. Here we describe the improvement of the decolorization ability of a bacterial laccase through site-directed mutagenesis. A D501G variant of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens laccase was constructed and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The laccase activity in the culture supernatant achieved 3374 U·L−1 for the mutant. Compared with the wild-type enzyme, the D501G exhibited better stability and catalytic efficiency. It could decolorize more than 92% of indigo carmine without additional mediators in 5 h at pH 9.0, which was 3.5 times higher than the wild-type laccase. Isatin sulfonic acid was confirmed to be the main product of indigo carmine degradation by UV-vis and LC-MS analyses.
Glycerol Oxidation in the Liquid Phase over a Gold-Supported Catalyst: Kinetic Analysis and Modelling
Authors: Díaz José , Skrzyńska Elżbieta , Girardon Jean-Sébastien , Capron Mickaël , Dumeignil Franck , Fongarland Pascal
Published: September 2017

The present work deals with the kinetic analysis and modelling of glycerol (GLY) oxidation in the liquid phase over a supported gold catalyst. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was proposed, after considering the effect of the reaction temperature, the NaOH/GLY ratio and the initial concentrations of GLY and GLY-Product mixtures. The proposed model effectively predicted the experimental results, and both the global model and the individual parameters were statistically significant. The results revealed that the C–C cleavage to form glycolic and formic acids was the most important reaction without a catalyst. On the other hand, the supported Au catalyst promoted the GLY oxidation to glyceric acid and its further conversion to tartronic and oxalic acids. Regarding the adsorption terms, glyceric acid showed the highest constant value at 60 °C, whereas those of GLY and OH− were also significant. Indeed, this adsorption role of OH− seems to be the reason why the higher NaOH/GLY ratio did not lead to higher GLY conversion in the Au-catalysed reaction.
Particle Velocities near and along the Electrode during Electrophoretic Deposition: Influence of Surfactant Counter-Ions
Authors: Filiâtre Claudine , Pignolet Céline , Buron Cédric
Published: September 2017

Research into the micro-nanostructured coatings process has made a variety of new applications available. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an efficient and attractive technique to produce coated materials. Therefore the understanding of the formation and growth mechanism of the coating process continues to be investigated. In this study, a home-made EPD laminar flow cell was used for in-situ investigation of the particle velocity and deposition of micronic particles on a cathode. Monodisperse polystyrene latex particles were functionalized with cationic surfactants: cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) or cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC). The tangential velocity of the particles when they migrated to the electrode, the approach angle and the tangential velocity along the electrode were measured under a DC electric field. From the values of the velocities, the particle-electrode distance was evaluated in CTAB and CTAC solutions. The electrophoretic velocity was calculated from the electrophoretic mobility of the particles and the electric field applied to the particles. All these parameters depend on the type of surfactant counter-ions and influence the growth of the coating. Dense structures were obtained in CTAB solution while open structures were observed in CTAC solution.
Deposition and Patterning of Polycrystalline Diamond Films Using Traditional Photolithography and Reactive Ion Etching
Authors: Linnik Stepan , Okhotnikov Vitalii , Gaydaychuk Alexander
Published: September 2017

Given the exceptional characteristics of diamond films, they have become increasingly popular in the fields of medicine, microelectronics, and detector electronics. However, despite all the advantages, there are many technological problems that complicate their widespread application and impose limitations on diamond use in technological processes. In this study, we proposed a new technique for obtaining a complex topology of polycrystalline diamond coatings by selective seeding of the substrate by nucleation centers and subsequent surface treatment with reactive ion etching to reduce the number of parasitic particles. As a result, diamond films were obtained with a high particle concentration in the film region and high repeatability of the pattern. Moreover, parasitic particles influenced neutralization in areas where film coverage was not needed. The effect of the diamond nanoparticle concentration in a photoresist and the effect of reactive ion etching on the formation of a continuous film and the removal of parasitic nucleation centers were examined. The relative simplicity, low power consumption, and high efficiency of this method make it attractive for both industrial and scientific applications.
Applications for Marine Resources in Cosmetics
Authors: Guillerme Jean-Baptiste , Couteau Céline , Coiffard Laurence
Published: September 2017

Marine resources represent an interesting source of active ingredients for the cosmetics industry. Algae (macro and micro) are rich in proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins (A, B, and C) and oligo-elements such as copper, iron and zinc. All those active principles play roles in hydration, firming, slimming, shine and protection. Marine organisms inhabit a wide spectrum of habitats. Photo-protective compounds can be obtained from organisms subjected to strong light radiation, such as in tropical systems or in shallow water. In the same way, molecules with antioxidant potential can be obtained from microorganisms inhabiting extreme systems such as hydrothermal vents. For example, marine bacteria collected around deep-sea hydrothermal vents produce complex and innovative polysaccharides in the laboratory which are useful in cosmetics. There are many properties that will be put forward by the cosmetic industries.
Crystallography of Functional Materials
Authors: Wong-Ng Winnie , Rawn Claudia
Published: September 2017

The goal of this special issue is to obtain new insights into the roles of crystallography in functional materials. This special issue consists of eight papers illustrating the structure and property relationships, as well as applications of selected classes of materials that deal with various aspects of functional materials, ranging from battery, magnetic, photocatalysis, and waveguide materials, to luminescent metal-organic frameworks and borates, semiconductors, and inorganic electrides. This issue provides further evidence of the importance of crystallography in understanding and improving various properties of functional materials, whether they are single crystals, bulk polycrystalline materials, or thin films.
Modeling NDVI Using Joint Entropy Method Considering Hydro-Meteorological Driving Factors in the Middle Reaches of Hei River Basin
Authors: Zhang Gengxi , Su Xiaoling , Singh Vijay P. , Ayantobo Olusola O.
Published: September 2017

Terrestrial vegetation dynamics are closely influenced by both hydrological process and climate change. This study investigated the relationships between vegetation pattern and hydro-meteorological elements. The joint entropy method was employed to evaluate the dependence between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and coupled variables in the middle reaches of the Hei River basin. Based on the spatial distribution of mutual information, the whole study area was divided into five sub-regions. In each sub-region, nested statistical models were applied to model the NDVI on the grid and regional scales, respectively. Results showed that the annual average NDVI increased at a rate of 0.005/a over the past 11 years. In the desert regions, the NDVI increased significantly with an increase in precipitation and temperature, and a high accuracy of retrieving NDVI model was obtained by coupling precipitation and temperature, especially in sub-region I. In the oasis regions, groundwater was also an important factor driving vegetation growth, and the rise of the groundwater level contributed to the growth of vegetation. However, the relationship was weaker in artificial oasis regions (sub-region III and sub-region V) due to the influence of human activities such as irrigation. The overall correlation coefficient between the observed NDVI and modeled NDVI was observed to be 0.97. The outcomes of this study are suitable for ecosystem monitoring, especially in the realm of climate change. Further studies are necessary and should consider more factors, such as runoff and irrigation.
Determining Division Location for Sectional Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Qin Zhiwen , Zhang Lei , Yang Ke , Wang Jihui , Liao Caicai , Xu Jianzhong
Published: September 2017

Sectional wind turbine blades, by dividing an intact blade into multiple segments, have the advantage of being easy to handle and transport. To determine a suitable blade division location, this study was performed to clarify some crucial aspects and challenges for sectional blades. This paper proposes a method to estimate the effects of the location of the blade division on structural, manufacturing, and assembling performance of sectional blades. The advantage of this method is the ease of the assessment process, since it can be performed at an early stage of blade design, where only the aerodynamic profile, mass density and stiffness distribution, and service fatigue loads of original blades are essential. A case study with the proposed method was carried out based on a 38-meter commercial blade. Results show that the best position for the division of sectional blades is located 20% from the blade root by balancing the three aspects listed above. The key approaches to reduce additional increases in stiffness and weight of sectional blades are related to improving the fatigue strength and the choice of low-modulus materials for connecting bolts. The effects of the division location on assembling accessibility and natural frequencies of scaled sectional blades are consistent with the basic sectional blade. Unfavorable effects occur when up-scaling the diameter of the bolts; and, harsh external loads on the connections have negative effects on the application of sectional blades with larger wind turbines. In this regard, lightweight design is indispensable to reduce bolt stress.
Life Cycle Analysis of Endosymbiotic Algae in an Endosymbiotic Situation with Paramecium bursaria Using Capillary Flow Cytometry
Authors: Takahashi Toshiyuki
Published: September 2017

Along with algae as producers in ecosystems and industrial applications, some microalgae existing in special ecological niches through endosymbiosis with other organisms represent fascinating examples of biological evolution. Although reproducing endosymbiosis experimentally is difficult in many situations, endosymbiosis of several ongoing types is possible. Endosymbiosis in Paramecium bursaria is a particularly excellent model. Although many studies of P. bursaria have specifically examined infection processes such as the host recognition of symbionts, coordination of host-symbiont division, which has been explored for eukaryotic organelles, is worth pursuing. Evaluating the cell (life) cycle of algae is crucially important for algal applications. Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to study cell cycles of several eukaryotic cells including microalgae. Microscopy, however, has been used mainly to study endosymbiosis, as with P. bursaria, because of their larger size than suitable cells for FCM with hydrodynamic focusing. Vast amounts of time have been expended for microscopic analysis. This review presents an approach using capillary FCM to elucidate the endosymbiosis of P. bursaria. Results reveal that endosymbiotic algae of P. bursaria finely adjust their cell cycle schedule with their comfortable host and show that a coincident endosymbiont–host life cycle is virtually assured in their endosymbiosis.
Ground Stability Monitoring of Undermined and Landslide Prone Areas by Means of Sentinel-1 Multi-Temporal InSAR, Case Study from Slovakia
Authors: Czikhardt Richard , Papco Juraj , Bakon Matus , Liscak Pavel , Ondrejka Peter , Zlocha Marian
Published: September 2017

Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry techniques (MT-InSAR) are nowadays a well-developed remote sensing tool for ground stability monitoring of areas afflicted by natural hazards. Its application capability has recently been emphasized by the Sentinel-1 satellite mission, providing extensive spatial coverage, regular temporal sampling and free data availability. We perform MT-InSAR analysis over the wider Upper Nitra region in Slovakia, utilizing all Sentinel-1 images acquired since November 2014 until March 2017. This region is notable for its extensive landslide susceptibility as well as intensive brown coal mining. We focus on two case studies, being impaired by recent activation of these geohazards, which caused serious damage to local structures. We incorporate a processing chain based on open-source tools, combining the current Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) implementation. MT-InSAR results reveal substantial activity at both case studies, exceeding the annual displacement velocities of 30 mm/year. Moreover, our observations are validated and their accuracy is confirmed via comparison with ground truth data from borehole inclinometers and terrestrial levelling. Detected displacement time series provide valuable insight into the spatio-temporal evolution of corresponding deformation phenomena and are thus complementary to conventional terrestrial monitoring techniques. At the same time, they not only demonstrate the feasibility of MT-InSAR for the assessment of remediation works, but also constitute the possibility of operational monitoring and routine landslide inventory updates, regarding the free Sentinel-1 data.
Bayesian Hierarchical Regression to Assess Variation of Stream Temperature with Atmospheric Temperature in a Small Watershed
Authors: Daraio Joseph , Amponsah Abena , Sears Kenneth
Published: September 2017

This paper described the variability of stream temperature, T s , and compared relationships between T s and air temperature, T a , at 10 sites along a 1.2 km reach in a 2 km 2 basin in New Jersey, USA, using Bayesian Hierarchical Regression. Mean daily mean T s was significantly cooler at two sites and significantly warmer at three sites relative to the mean daily T s for all sites combined. Seasonal daily mean T s showed the greatest variation between sites in the summer within the reach for both daily mean and daily maximum temperatures. Posterior distributions for slope parameters ( β j ) for regressions varied significantly by season and showed the greatest variation in summer. The strongest relationships occurred in autumn with β = 0 . 743 ± 0 . 019 ( β = 0 . 712 ± 0 . 022 ), and the weakest relationships occurred in the summer with β = 0 . 254 ± 0 . 030 ( β = 0 . 193 ± 0 . 039 ). Results support the conclusion that riparian shading impacts the effect of T a on T s , and that T s shows a stronger relationship with measured T a at sites in open areas that are more likely to have meteorologic conditions similar to bulk conditions.