bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quand des adolescents font une vidéo sur la cyberintimidation : une action citoyenne ?1
Authors: Bégin Mathieu
Published: April 2018

La recherche présentée s’intéresse au problème de la cyberintimidation. Elle souhaite apporter une réponse à la question suivante : dans quelle mesure, chez les adolescents, la publication dans les médias sociaux d’une vidéo sur la cyberintimidation constitue-t-elle une action citoyenne ? En nous fondant sur la pensée du philosophe Habermas, nous définissions une action citoyenne comme un acte situé dans un contexte sociohistorique donné, qui entend répondre à un problème social précis, par la mobilisation de connaissances et de moyens techniques, et dont la finalité première doit être la transformation de la société. Trois entrevues individuelles et 14 groupes de discussion avec 75 adolescents fréquentant une maison de jeunes ont été menés. Leur analyse a permis de constater que les adolescents ne font pas de la transformation de la société une priorité lorsqu’ils produisent des vidéos sur une thématique sociale comme la cyberintimidation et qu’ils accordent peu d’importance à la nécessité de documenter le discours contenu dans leurs vidéos. Leurs productions vidéos ne peuvent donc pas être considérées comme des actions citoyennes au sens strict. Les résultats montrent aussi que les adolescents sont attirés par l’appropriation des langages et techniques vidéographiques et par la reconnaissance publique. Des priorités éducatives fondées sur ces constats sont proposées. Il est notamment suggéré d’intégrer des notions de base de psychologie sociale à tout enseignement relatif aux médias, puisque les adolescents tendent à penser que toute communication de masse ciblant une large population peut se traduire par un changement social rapide et à grande échelle.
Les cadres de la participation citoyenne en milieu de vie : le discours des jeunes en difficulté
Authors: Greissler Elisabeth , Lacroix Isabelle , Morisette Isabelle
Published: April 2018

Répondant de leur mission ou d’une vogue participationniste, nombre d’organisations jeunesse québécoises, qu’elles soient institutionnelles ou communautaires, ont mis en place des dispositifs soutenant des processus de participation chez les jeunes en difficulté. À partir des résultats de trois recherches qualitatives en Centres jeunesse et au sein d’organismes communautaires jeunesse, la manière dont les jeunes en difficulté perçoivent et s’approprient ces espaces de participation est interrogée. S’appuyant sur le discours des jeunes engagés, et mobilisant la théorie de l’analyse des cadres, cet article montre que les modalités de construction de leur citoyenneté en milieu de vie ont la particularité d’être à la fois un objectif et un processus d’intervention. Le sens que les jeunes en difficulté accordent à leur participation se révèle dans leurs perceptions des espaces de participation proposés par les milieux de vie. Les rôles qu’ils développent reposent sur un travail de signification qui s’appuie sur la continuité de l’intervention ; les relations significatives ; et les pratiques démocratiques. Malgré des limites à cette participation suscitée, les jeunes ont le sentiment de développer des compétences et d’être acteurs grâce au contexte organisationnel de mobilisation en milieu de vie et au processus de cadrage réalisé quotidiennement par les intervenants.
A multi-scale Gaussian filtering model to explain the White’s illusion from the viewpoint of lightness assimilation for widely varying grating width and patch length
Authors: Mitra Soma , Mazumdar Debasis , Ghosh Kuntal , Bhaumik Kamales
Published: April 2018

The variation between the actual and perceived lightness of a stimulus has strong dependency on its background, a phenomena commonly known as lightness induction in the literature of visual neuroscience and psychology. For instance, a gray patch may perceptually appear to be darker in a background while it looks brighter when the background is reversed. In the literature it is further reported that such variation can take place in two possible ways. In case of stimulus like the Simultaneous Brightness Contrast (SBC), the apparent lightness changes in the direction opposite to that of the background lightness, a phenomenon often referred to as lightness contrast, while in the others like pincushion or checkerboard illusion it occurs opposite to that, and known as lightness assimilation. The White’s illusion is a typical one which according to many, does not completely conform to any of these two processes. This paper presents the result of quantification of the perceptual strength of the White’s illusion as a function of the width of the background square grating as well as the length of the gray patch. A linear filter model is further proposed to simulate the possible neurophysiological phenomena responsible for this particular visual experience. The model assumes that for the White’s illusion, where the edges are strong and quite a few, i.e. the spectrum is rich in high frequency components, the inhibitory surround in the classical Difference-of-Gaussians (DoG) filter gets suppressed, and the filter essentially reduces to a multi-scale Gaussian kernel that brings about lightness assimilation. The linear filter model with a Gaussian kernel is used to simulate the White’s illusion phenomena with wide variation of spatial frequency of the background grating as well as the length of the gray patch. The appropriateness of the model is presented through simulation results, which are highly tuned to the present as well as earlier psychometric results.
Impacts of organic enrichment from finfish aquaculture on seagrass beds and associated macroinfaunal communities in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Cullain Nakia , McIver Reba , Schmidt Allison L , Milewski Inka , Lotze Heike K
Published: April 2018

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds provide important habitat and food sources for a wide range of associated species both above- and belowground. Organic enrichment and nutrient loading from anthropogenic sources can change eelgrass canopy structure and macroinfauna community composition, making them important indicators of ecosystem health. In Atlantic Canada, there is growing concern about the impacts of finfish aquaculture on eelgrass habitats. To quantify these effects, we examined differences in environmental parameters, eelgrass bed structure and macroinfauna communities at increasing distances from a finfish farm in Port Mouton Bay, Nova Scotia and a reference site in an adjacent bay. We also compared the results to recently published large-scale survey results from the Atlantic coast. Results indicate increased organic enrichment and decreased eelgrass biomass, shoot density, and macroinfauna biomass closer to the farm. Moreover, community structure significantly differed between sites with some sensitive species disappearing while tolerant species increased closer to the farm. Changes in the macroinfauna community could be linked to observed differences in environmental and eelgrass bed variables. Our results provide new insights into the impacts of finfish aquaculture on eelgrass habitats in Atlantic Canada. We discuss possible assessment and monitoring metrics that would enable managers and regulators to evaluate the risk and potential changes to eelgrass habitat as a result of finfish aquaculture.
Evidence for loss and reacquisition of alcoholic fermentation in a fructophilic yeast lineage
Authors: Gonçalves Carla , Wisecaver Jennifer H , Kominek Jacek , Oom Madalena Salema , Leandro Maria José , Shen Xing-Xing , Opulente Dana A , Zhou Xiaofan , Peris David , Kurtzman Cletus P , Hittinger Chris Todd , Rokas Antonis , Gonçalves Paula
Published: April 2018

Fructophily is a rare trait that consists of the preference for fructose over other carbon sources. Here, we show that in a yeast lineage (the Wickerhamiella/Starmerella, W/S clade) comprised of fructophilic species thriving in the high-sugar floral niche, the acquisition of fructophily is concurrent with a wider remodeling of central carbon metabolism. Coupling comparative genomics with biochemical and genetic approaches, we gathered ample evidence for the loss of alcoholic fermentation in an ancestor of the W/S clade and subsequent reinstatement through either horizontal acquisition of homologous bacterial genes or modification of a pre-existing yeast gene. An enzyme required for sucrose assimilation was also acquired from bacteria, suggesting that the genetic novelties identified in the W/S clade may be related to adaptation to the high-sugar environment. This work shows how even central carbon metabolism can be remodeled by a surge of HGT events.
Surface display for metabolic engineering of industrially important acetic acid bacteria
Authors: Blank Marshal , Schweiger Paul
Published: April 2018

Acetic acid bacteria have unique metabolic characteristics that suit them for a variety of biotechnological applications. They possess an arsenal of membrane-bound dehydrogenases in the periplasmic space that are capable of regiospecific and enantioselective partial oxidations of sugars, alcohols, and polyols. The resulting products are deposited directly into the medium where they are easily recovered for use as pharmaceutical precursors, industrial chemicals, food additives, and consumer products. Expression of extracytoplasmic enzymes to augment the oxidative capabilities of acetic acid bacteria is desired but is challenging due to the already crowded inner membrane. To this end, an original surface display system was developed to express recombinant enzymes at the outer membrane of the model acetic acid bacteriumGluconobacter oxydans. Outer membrane porin F (OprF) was used to deliver alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) to the cell surface. Constitutive high-strength p264 and moderate-strength p452 promoters were used to direct expression of the surface display system. This system was demonstrated for biocatalysis in whole-cell assays with the p264 promoter having a twofold increase in PhoA activity compared to the p452 promoter. Proteolytic cleavage of PhoA from the cell surface confirmed proper delivery to the outer membrane. Furthermore, a linker library was constructed to optimize surface display. A rigid (EAAAK)1linker led to the greatest improvement, increasing PhoA activity by 69%. This surface display system could be used both to extend the capabilities of acetic acid bacteria in current biotechnological processes, and to broaden the potential of these microbes in the production of value-added products.
Efficacy of Adding Veliparib to Temozolomide for Patients With MGMT-Methylated Glioblastoma
Authors: Sarkaria Jann N. , Ballman Karla V. , Kizilbash Sani H. , Sulman Erik P. , Giannini Caterina , Friday Bret B. , Butowski Nicholas A. , Mohile Nimish A. , Piccioni David E. , Battiste James D. , Drappatz Jan , Campian Jian L. , Mashru Sandeep , Jaeckle Kurt A. , O’Brien Barbara J. , Dixon Jesse G. , Kabat Brian F. , Laack Nadia L. , Hu Leland S. , Kaufmann Timothy , Kumthekar Priya , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Anderson S. Keith , Galanis Evanthia
Published: October 2024

Importance

The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma is poor following standard therapy with surgical resection, radiation, temozolomide, and tumor-treating fields.

Objectives

To evaluate the combination of veliparib and temozolomide in glioblastoma based on preclinical data demonstrating significant chemosensitizing effects of the polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1/2 inhibitor veliparib when combined with temozolomide.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma with MGMT promoter hypermethylation who had completed concomitant radiation and temozolomide were enrolled between December 15, 2014, and December 15, 2018, in this Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology trial. The data for this analysis were locked on April 21, 2023.

Interventions

Patients were randomized and treated with standard adjuvant temozolomide (150-200 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5) combined with either placebo or veliparib (40 mg orally, twice daily, days 1-7) for 6 cycles.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point for the phase 3 portion of the trial was overall survival (OS).

Results

There were 322 patients randomized during the phase 2 accrual period and an additional 125 patients randomized to complete the phase 3 accrual, for a total of 447 patients in the final phase 3 analysis. The median (range) age for patients was 60 (20-85) years and 190 patients (42.5%) were female. The median OS was 24.8 months (90% CI, 22.6-27.7) for the placebo arm and 28.1 months (90% CI, 24.3-33.3) for the veliparib arm (P = .17). The difference in survival did not meet the prespecified efficacy end point. However, there was a separation of the survival curves that favored the veliparib arm over 24 to 48 months of follow-up. The experimental combination was well tolerated with an acceptable elevation in grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxic effects.

Conclusions and Relevance

This trial found that adding veliparib to adjuvant temozolomide did not significantly extend OS in patients with newly diagnosed, MGMT-hypermethylated glioblastoma.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02152982
Vitamin D Deficiency and Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity
Authors: Bluher Andrew E. , Kearney Timothy , Vazifedan Turaj , Baldassari Cristina M.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Prior research has demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults; however, its association with pediatric OSA is emerging.

Objective

To evaluate the association of vitamin D levels with obstructive Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in children with OSA.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This was a cross-sectional study of children aged 2 to 16 years with severe obstructive OSA (AHI ≥20 on polysomnogram) who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology clinic from 2017 to 2022. Age, sex, race, body mass index, history of asthma, and season were considered in the analyses. Data were analyzed from September 3, 2021, to October 8, 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured and assessed for correlation with polysomnography metrics. Fasting blood samples were collected and vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D level less than 20 ng/mL.

Results

The consecutive sample included 72 patients (mean [SD] age, 6.7 [3.9] years; 34 [47.2%] females and 38 [52.8%] males). The mean (SD) AHI was 42.8 (25.5), and 35 participants (49.0%) had obesity. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 27 participants (37.5%). In univariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency was associated with younger age (difference, −5.0; 95% CI, −7.2 to −2.8), Black race (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% CI, 1.4 to 14.3), female sex (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 12.5), and higher obstructive AHI (difference, 13.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 26.4). In multivariable analysis, vitamin D deficiency remained significantly associated with AHI. A 1.0-unit decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels was associated with an AHI increase of 0.7 (95% CI, 0.04 to 1.40).

Conclusions

The findings of this cross-sectional study indicate that vitamin D deficiency was common in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for severe OSA and is significantly associated with increased OSA severity. Future research is needed on vitamin D supplementation and its association with any improvements in pediatric OSA treatment outcomes.
Implementing Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Screening in Inflammatory Arthritis Clinic: Insights From a Quality Improvement Project at a Tertiary Rheumatology Center
Authors: Yu Jeong Min , Goodman Susan , Rakowicz Ann Marie , Bugante Julius , Lee Jennifer Inhae
Published: October 2024

Objective

This quality improvement project evaluates the feasibility and sustainability of adopting the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) depression screening tool into routine clinical care at a rheumatology fellows’ inflammatory arthritis (IA) clinic at a large tertiary center. The aim was to achieve 50% compliance in documentation of PHQ after five months.

Methods

Providers received a 30‐minute education on the importance of depression screening in patients with IA. A week after the education, two‐step depression screening with the PHQ‐2 followed by the PHQ‐9 was implemented. Nurses performed PHQ‐2 at each IA clinic visit verbally and documented the results while rooming patients using an electronic health record (EHR) dotphrase. Patients completed paper forms of the PHQ‐9 only if the PHQ‐2 score was positive for depression. Fellows then reviewed the PHQ‐9 during the clinic visit and documented it using a separate EHR dotphrase. We tracked both PHQ‐2 and PHQ‐9 documentation rates as the key outcome measures.

Results

Before to the intervention, depression documentation rate was only 2%. After initial poor participation, nurses achieved the aim after repeated reminders and ongoing education by the senior nurse. Fellows failed to achieve the aim despite repeated reminders and education. Lack of time during clinic visit was found to be the biggest challenge.

Conclusion

Sustained adoption of the PHQ was difficult to achieve. Additional support at the health systems level that prioritizes depression screening may need to take place. Additional research demonstrating improved IA outcomes in screened patients may also be helpful to gain more buy‐in from providers.
Self‐Oxygenated Biomimetic Nanozyme for Tumor Catalytic Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Yuan Ye , Xin Qi , Wang Shuyu , Feng Yiming , Yan Xiyun , Fan Tianli , Jiang Bing , Yue Yale
Published: October 2024

The treatment of solid tumors remains a significant challenge due to the complex, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This manuscript introduces the self‐oxygenated biomimetic nanozyme system, SS‐MSN@Au‐BOM, which innovatively combines catalytic therapy with immunotherapy to modulate the TME for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Employing mesoporous silicon nanoparticles doped with disulfide bonds, the system integrates gold nanozymes that exhibit glucose oxidase (GOx)‐like and peroxidase (POD)‐like activities, along with a catalase (CAT) function derived from bacterial outer membrane (BOM) coatings. SS‐MSN@Au‐BOM significantly disrupted tumor growth by catalyzing endogenous hydrogen peroxide to generate cytotoxic ROS and essential oxygen, enhancing intratumoral ROS levels while alleviating hypoxia. This catalytic action facilitates immunogenic cell death, enhances dendritic cell maturation, and T‐cell activation. Notably, the system shows excellent biocompatibility, effective tumor targeting, and prolonged systemic circulation. SS‐MSN@Au‐BOM offers a dual‐functional approach that effectively disrupts the TME and promotes robust antitumor immunity. This study paves the way for further clinical investigation and the development of enzyme‐based therapeutics, potentially transforming the landscape of cancer treatment.
A Fluorescent Polyvinyl Alcohol Film with Efficient Photodynamic Antimicrobial Performance Enabled by Berberine/Phytic Acid Salt for Food Preservation
Authors: Ning Yuping , Yang Wen , Liu Shuaimin , Xu Jin , Cheng Xiling , Xu Shiyu , Li Jian , Wang Lijuan
Published: October 2024

Food packaging that impedes microbial growth and can be safely used is critical to attenuate food spoilage. Herein, a green berberine/phytate salt (BPA) is successfully synthesized and aggregated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film to impart fluorescent and photodynamic antimicrobial properties. Compared to berberine hydrochloride (BHL), BPA exhibited stronger fluorescence because intramolecular motions and intermolecular π–π accumulation of BHL are restricted by phytic acid (PA). Molecular dynamics simulation indicate that aggregation of BHL and PA formed through electrostatic interactions in the PVA matrix due to the change of the binding energy during the drying process. With increasing BPA content, the films exhibited increased ultraviolet, water vapor, and oxygen barriers and fluorescent properties, but reduced tensile strength and elongation at break. After radiated, PVA‐BPA9 film showed the highest antimicrobial rates against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, P. citrinum, and Aspergillus niger reached 100%, 100%, 86.14%, and 66.24%, respectively, due to the increased reactive oxygen species production. The total number of microbial colonies in cooked chicken and oranges packaged by PVA‐BPA9 film with irradiation ARE 87.54% and 29.21% of those by PVA film. The findings indicate a new and feasible strategy to obtain a green photodynamic‐mediated film for safe and effective food packaging.
Controlled Growth of 2D‐3D Perovskite Lateral Heterostructures for Wavelength‐Tunable Light Communication
Authors: Fan Xueshuo , Hong Enliu , Wang Peixi , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: October 2024

Lateral heterostructures based on halide perovskites exhibit great potential in the advancement of next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Among them, mixed dimensional perovskite heterostructures, particularly 2D‐3D ones, offer promising opportunities for semiconductor integration and device miniaturization by combining the advantages of 2D and 3D perovskites. However, the controllable and rapid growth of 2D‐3D halide perovskite lateral heterostructures has not yet been achieved. This study presents an efficient strategy that integrates one‐pot method and space‐confined process to enable liquid‐phase lateral growth of a series of 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites on the sides of 3D perovskites. The photodetectors (PDs) based on (BA)2MAn‐1PbnBr3n+1‐MAPbBr3 (n = 1, 2, 3) lateral heterostructures demonstrate outstanding optoelectronic performance, featuring an on/off ratio of up to 1.4 × 104, a high responsivity of 4.4 A W−1 and a detectivity of 3.9 × 1013 Jones at 425 nm, 3 V bias. In addition, by combining the tunable dual‐band photoresponse characteristic with the dual‐beam irradiation modes, a wavelength‐tunable light communication system based on the lateral heterostructure PDs is realized. This work provides a convenient and reliable approach for the direct growth of mixed‐dimensional halide perovskite heterostructures, further demonstrating their potential in high‐performance detecting and dual‐band sensing fields.
Shape‐Programmable Lamellar Aerogel Enabling 3D Wireless Point‐of‐Care Electronics for Assistance in Pressure Injury Prevention
Authors: Huang Jinhui , Liu Hao , Chen Qiuyu , Xie Hui , Zhou Shaobing
Published: October 2024

Bedridden patients are at high‐pressure injuries risk, and timely turning or moving a bedridden patient is crucial to release localized pressure and reduce pressure injury risk. Pressure‐sensing electronics can collect real‐time pressure signals reflecting the movement of a patient and help carers evaluate pressure injury risk early and intervene timely. However, most pressure‐sensing electronics cannot be seamlessly mounted on the curved surface of the skin, resulting in signal instability and inaccuracy. Besides, detecting small pressures over a wide range is challenging. Herein, a lamellar shape‐memory conductive (LSMC) aerogel is developed to assemble 3D wireless point‐of‐care electronics for assisting pressure injury prevention. The lamellar structure makes the LSMC aerogel highly compressible, endowing the assembled electronics with high sensitivity and low detection limit. Moreover, the excellent shape‐memory effect allows the fabrication of 3D electronics on certain curved surfaces for adaptive wearing and provides sensitive and stable signals. Furthermore, a point‐of‐care monitoring system that integrates the LSMC aerogel‐based 3D electronics with wireless technology is developed. The system records real‐time pressure signals at certain locations (e.g., foot), which facilitates carers to analyze an individual's bedridden time and body movements, assess pressure injury risk, and intervene timely; this greatly benefits pressure injury prevention.
Tendon‐Driven Stiffness‐Tunable Soft Actuator via Thermoelectric‐based Bidirectional Temperature Control
Authors: Gao Yunlong , Lin Shikun , Liang Chuanwei , Qiu Siqi , Long Chengyun , Wang Yingjun , Li Yunquan , Zhang Yuan‐Fang
Published: October 2024

Soft robots have excellent spatial adaptability and high flexibility, but they are limited by the low stiffness of their constituent materials when faced with high‐load tasks. In recent years, there have been many works on the development of stiffness‐tunable soft actuators by introducing variable stiffness materials into soft actuators, but the existing solutions usually suffer from the problems of slow response, complex structure, and the need of many auxiliary devices to support the completion of the stiffness tuning cycle. This paper proposes a tendon‐driven stiffness‐tunable soft actuator that addresses these issues. Benefiting from the bidirectional temperature control of thermoelectric modules and the excellent in‐plane thermal conductivity of graphene, the actuator is capable of achieving the heating and cooling process by transferring the heat flow through the graphene structure into and out of the shape‐memory polymer (SMP) layer of the tendon‐driven actuator. This enables stiffness tuning via a single device, reducing the dependence on complex external cooling systems. The use of tendon‐driven actuators further eliminates the complex bellow structure of conventional pneumatic actuators and dramatically reduces the size and manufacturing difficulty of individual actuators. Finally, the high load capacity and shape adaptability of the actuator are demonstrated by a gripper equipped with three actuators, which successfully grips objects of various shapes and weights, ranging from less than 10 g to up to 1.6 kg.
Adsorption of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid On Pt(111) Surface Studied Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Sarkar Arka Prava , Reddy Sandeep K.
Published: October 2024

The strength and nature of adsorption of imidazolium‐based tetraflouroborate ionic liquid (IL) on platinum surface has been investigated via first principle‐based density functional theory method. Adsorption of both IL cation and IL ion‐pair as a function of increasing alkyl chain length is taken into consideration. Three different orientations of ionic liquid cations are found to be stable with higher adsorption energy noticed for the alkyl chain parallel to the platinum surface. The anions are found to stabilize the IL cation orientation where the alkyl chain is oriented perpendicular the platinum surface. These results are further corroborated by the charge transfer analysis and electron density difference maps. The significant charge transfer between the ionic liquid pair and the surface indicates electrochemical applications for systems involving electrolytes and metal surface, where electrostatic interactions play a major role. The results of this investigation can be helpful for further analysis of electrode–electrolyte systems as well as the development of force field parameters for these systems.
Insights into Tiny High‐Entropy Doping Promising Efficient Sodium Storage of Na3V2(PO4)2O2F toward Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Guoshuai , Wang Yongjia , Mu Jiawei , Ren Yongfeng , Yue Peng , Ji Weixiao , Liang Longwei , Hou Linrui , Chen Meng , Yuan Changzhou
Published: October 2024

Both high operation voltage and theoretical capacity promise polyanion‐type fluorophosphate Na3V2(PO4)2O2F as a competitive cathode toward high‐energy‐density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the intrinsic low kinetic characteristics seriously influence its high‐power property and service life. To well address this, a creative tiny high‐entropy (HE) doping methodology is purposefully developed to fabricate nanoscale Na3V1.94(Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu)0.06(PO4)3O2F (NVPOF‐HE) as the advanced cathode materials for SIBs. The grain refinement effect induced by collaborative regulations from polyvinyl pyrrolidone and tiny HE heteroatomic doping is reasonably proposed for nanosizing particle dimension of NVPOF‐HE. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations authenticate that the HE doping efficiently promotes the electronic/ionic transport and high‐voltage capacity contribution, and weakens the lattice expansion over Na+‐(de)intercalation processes. Thanks to the appealing virtues mentioned here, the nano NVPOF‐HE, compared to single‐ion/dual‐ion/triple‐ion doped cases, achieves even better Na+‐storage performance in terms of both high‐rate capacities and long‐term cycling stability. Furthermore, the NVPOF‐HE assembled full SIBs deliver a high materials‐level energy density of 463 Wh kg−1 and electrochemical stability of ≈93.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 C rate. More essentially, the fundamental insights gained here provide a significant scientific and technological advancement in high‐performance and durable polyanionic cathodes toward next‐generation SIBs.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients with Large Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gao Lan , Churilov Leonid , Johns Hannah , Pujara Deep , Hassan Ameer E. , Abraham Michael , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Hussain Muhammad Shazam , Chen Michael , Blackburn Spiros , Sitton Clark W. , Pinckaers Florentina M. E. , van Zwam Wim H. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Hill Michael D. , Grotta James C. , Kasner Scott , Ribo Marc , Campbell Bruce C , Sarraj Amrou ,   For SELECT2 investigators
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Whereas highly cost‐effective and cost‐saving for patients with small infarcts, whether endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) remains cost‐effective in patients with extensive ischemic injury is uncertain.

Methods

We conducted a model‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis from the United States, Australian, and Spanish societal perspectives, using a 7‐state Markov model, with each state defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Initial probabilities at 3 months were derived from the SELECT2 trial. All other model inputs, including transition probabilities, health care and non‐health care costs, and utility weights, were sourced from published literature and government websites. Our analysis included extensive sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Results

EVT in patients with large ischemic stroke improved health outcomes and was associated with lower costs from a societal viewpoint. EVT was cost‐effective with a mean between‐group difference of 1.24 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and a cost‐saving of $23,409 in the United States, $10,691 in Australia, and $30,036 in Spain, in addition to uncosted benefits in productivity for patients and carers. Subgroup analyses were directionally consistent with the overall population, notably with preserved cost‐effectiveness in older patients (≥ 70 years) and those with more severe strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] ≥ 20). Sensitivity analyses were largely consistent with the base‐case results.

Interpretation

EVT demonstrated cost‐effectiveness in patients with large core across different settings in the United States, Australia, and Spain, including older patients and those with more severe strokes. These results further support adaptation of systems of care to accommodate the expansion of thrombectomy eligibility to patients with large cores and maximize EVT benefits. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:222–231
A Redox‐active Cyclometalated Platinum Ring Enables Synthetic Post‐processing of a [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Kandel Raksha , Soto Miguel A. , Medina Daniel , Patrick Brian O. , Lelj Francesco , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: October 2024

Post‐synthetic modification of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) is an attractive avenue to add complexity to already intricate systems. This remains an important, challenging topic that is under‐developed. In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of a [2]rotaxane molecule featuring a ring appended to an emissive cyclometalated PtII unit. Modulation of the oxidation state at the metal center can transform the interlocked molecule into a new PtIV [2]rotaxane or a PtIII [3]rotaxane held together by an intermetallic Pt−Pt bond – a first of its kind. These molecules display distinct structural and photophysical properties, as well as shuttling dynamics. This approach for post‐synthetic modification could be used to construct more complex MIMs and inorganic supramolecular assemblies with redox properties.
Corannulene‐Based Quintuple [6]/[7]Helicenes: Well‐Preserved Bowl Core, Inhibited Bowl Inversion and Supramolecular Assembly with Fullerenes
Authors: Zhang Kaixin , Chen Zuo‐Chang , Wu Yin‐Fu , Tian Han‐Rui , Zhang Ling , Zhang Mei‐Lin , Deng Shun‐Liu , Zhang Qianyan , Xie Su‐Yuan , Zheng Lan‐Sun
Published: October 2024

Herein, corannulene‐based quintuple [6]helicenes (Q[6]H‐1 and Q[6]H‐2) and [7]helicene (Q[7]H) were synthesized via penta‐fold Heck and Mallory reaction. Notably, Q[7]H represents the highest reported helicene based on corannulene. X‐ray crystallography reveals that Q[6]H‐2 adopts a propeller‐shaped conformation with a well‐preserved corannulene core, while Q[6]H‐1 and Q[7]H exhibit quasi‐propeller‐shaped conformations. Upon heating, conformer Q[6]H‐1 undergoes conversion to the thermodynamically more stable conformer Q[6]H‐2, whereas conformer Q[7]H remains unchanged due to larger steric congestion. Racemization of the enantiomer of Q[6]H‐1 and conformational conversion were observed simultaneously at elevated temperature, with DFT studies indicating a racemization barrier of 32.06 kcal ⋅ mol−1. In contrast, the racemization barrier for Q[6]H‐2 was calculated to be 45.46 kcal ⋅ mol−1, indicating exceptional chiral stability. Surprisingly, the bowl inversions of Q[6]H‐1 and Q[6]H‐2 conformers are somewhat inhibited by the helical blades, whereas this was not observed for other possible conformers of Q[6]H. These results first demonstrated that subtle conformational variations can lead to significant changes in chiral stability and bowl inversions of multiple helicenes. Due to the well‐preserved corannulene core, propeller‐shaped conformation and electron complementarity, Q[6]H‐2 can recognize fullerenes in both solution and solid state, which is a rare instance of co‐crystallization assembly between multiple helicenes and fullerenes.
Engineered Nanobodies Bind Bismuth, Indium and Gallium for Applications in Theranostics
Authors: Ghosh Pritha , Davies Lani J. , Nitsche Christoph
Published: October 2024

Targeted theranostics heavily rely on metal isotopes conjugated to antibodies. Single‐domain antibodies, known as nanobodies, are much smaller in size without compromising specificity and affinity. The conventional way of conjugating metals to nanobodies involves non‐specific modification of amino acid residues with bifunctional chelating agents. We demonstrate that mutagenesis of a single residue in a nanobody creates a triple cysteine motif that selectively binds bismuth which is, for example, used in targeted alpha therapy. Two mutations create a quadruple cysteine mutant specific for gallium and indium used in positron emission tomography and single‐photon emission computed tomography, respectively. Labelling is quantitative within a few minutes. The metal nanobodies maintain structural integrity and stability over weeks, resist competition from endogenous metal binders like glutathione, and retain functionality.
Modification of ZIF‐8 Membranes for Gas Separation Using X‐ray Radiation
Authors: Lee Dennis T. , Ahmad Mueed , Corkery Peter , Anibal Boscoboinik J. , Fairbrother D. Howard , Tsapatsis Michael
Published: October 2024

We report an X‐ray radiation‐induced modification of the structure and gas permeation behavior of ZIF‐8 membranes. With 300 min irradiation time, CO2 permeance decreases by only 9 %, while N2 and CH4 permeances reduce by 75 and 65 %, respectively, leading to 3.7‐ and 2.6‐fold enhancements in ideal selectivity for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4.
In Situ Catalyzed Growth of Carbon Nanotube with Asphalt Cladding as a Bicarbon Synergistic Framework of Silicon Anodes for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yiming , Duan Jianzheng , Chen Pengfei , Li Peihua , Zhang Wanggang , Li Xiaohong , Wang Jian
Published: October 2024

Silicon, as the most promising advanced anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, faces challenges in large‐scale industrial production due to the significant volume expansion effect. In this investigation, Si/CNTs/C composite materials were effectively produced through high‐temperature carbonization utilizing asphalt, silicon, hexahydrate ferric chloride, and melamine as primary elements. The distinctive dual‐carbon framework of asphalt‐derived carbon and carbon nanotubes alleviates the volume expansion of silicon, thereby stabilizing the composite material's structure. Testing the electrochemical performance reveals that the Si/CNTs/C composite material exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 1187 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 92.6 % after 150 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. Even after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, it sustains a specific capacity of 879.4 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 87.9 %, showcasing outstanding electrochemical performance.
Investigating the prognostic utility of GSTP1 promoter methylation in prostate cancer
Authors: Pidsley Ruth , Lam Dilys , Qu Wenjia , Stricker Phillip , Kench James G. , Horvath Lisa G. , Clark Susan J.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We aim to determine the prognostic significance of glutathione S‐transferase Pi 1 DNA methylation (mGSTP1) in two independent prostate cancer cohorts with long‐term clinical follow‐up data.

Subjects/Patients and Methods

We first re‐examined a published, in‐house whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) prostate cancer dataset, derived from radical prostatectomy (RP) tissue (n = 15) with median follow‐up 19.5 years, to confirm and visualise the association between mGSTP1 and patient mortality. To validate prognostic significance, we used a quantitative methylation‐specific head‐loop (MS‐HL) assay to measure mGSTP1 levels in a larger, independent cohort (n = 186), and performed univariable and multivariable Cox survival analysis.

Results

Re‐analysis of WGBS data showed a significant increase in mGSTP1 in RP samples from patients with lethal versus non‐lethal disease. Subsequent analysis in the larger cohort using the MS‐HL assay confirmed that mGSTP1 was detectable in 97% of RP samples, validating the diagnostic potential of mGSTP1. Univariable Cox survival analysis revealed a significant association between mGSTP1 levels and biochemical recurrence and metastatic relapse free survival, with a near‐significant association with prostate cancer specific mortality. Notably, multivariable Cox models demonstrated that mGSTP1 did not add independent prognostic value beyond standard clinicopathological features.

Conclusion

Our study supports the importance of DNA methylation as a tissue‐based prostate tumour biomarker. GSTP1 methylation is well established as a diagnostic marker, and in this study, we find that GSTP1 methylation levels are also associated with disease prognosis. Further research is required into the clinical utility of prognostic methylation markers and their functional role in disease progression.
Comparing outcomes of Aquablation versus holmium laser enucleation of prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Bhatia Ansh , Titus Renil , Porto Joao G. , Goradia Rajvi , Shah Khushi , Lopategui Diana , Herrmann Thomas R. W. , Shah Hemendra N.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Water Jet Ablation Therapy (WJAT) and Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) represent two common surgical treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Despite their increasing use, there is no study between these two methods. We aim to evaluate their efficacy and safety through a network meta‐analysis (NMA), providing critical insights for clinical decision‐making in the management of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BPH.

Methods

Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched. Randomized controlled trials and prospective single‐arm studies comparing WJAT and HoLEP with TURP, reporting symptom scores, flow rates and adverse events. Data extraction and quality assessments were independently performed. Bayesian modelling in RStudio was used for statistical analysis, evaluating continuous outcomes through mean difference and categorical variables via risk ratios. Risk‐of‐Bias (RoB) and GRADE assessments were performed.

Findings

Twenty‐three studies were included (WJAT‐11, HoLEP‐12). Most studies were at some or high risk of bias. At 12 months, the IPSS, Qol, PVR and Qmax improvements were 4.14 points (95% CI: ‐0.34 to 8.64, not‐significant [NS], GRADE‐rating: Low), 0.32‐points (95% CI:‐10.70 to 3.27, NS, GRADE‐rating: Low), 2.45 ml/s (95% CI: ‐1.85 to 7.05, NS, GRADE‐rating: Low), 63.10 ml (95% CI: 39.80 to 87.30, statistically‐significant [SS], GRADE‐rating: Moderate), respectively, all in favour of HoLEP. Haemoglobin‐loss was lower with HoLEP, 1.16 g/dl (95% CI: ‐2.56 to 0.54 mg/dl, NS, GRADE‐rating: Moderate) than WJAT. The risk of incontinence was higher with HoLEP; 4.48 (95% CI: 0.22 to 168.50, NS, GRADE‐rating: Very Low) than WJAT in single–arm analysis. The risk of blood transfusion was higher with WJAT (RR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.00 to 4.21, NS, GRADE‐rating: Low) than HoLEP. Risk of Total Serious Adverse Events (Clavien‐Dindo grade>3) was higher with HoLEP (RR = 1.12, higher with HoLEP, 95% CI: 0.20 to 12.71, NS, GRADE‐rating: Low) than WJAT. Retreatment was lower with HoLEP (RR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.02 to 10.54 GRADE‐rating: Low) than WJAT.

Interpretation

Our study suggests that both HoLEP and WJAT are effective treatments for BPH, both with similar IPSS and QoL improvements. HoLEP excels in functional outcomes, particularly in improving Qmax and PVR. Conversely, WJAT, with its shorter operation time and hospital stays, presents a compelling alternative, particularly for outpatient settings.
Unveiling the Substrate‐Dependent Dynamics of Mycotoxin Production in Fusarium verticillioides Using an OSMAC‐Metabolomics Approach
Authors: Groppi Emie , Haddad Mohamed , Cristofoli Valérie , Vansteelandt Marieke , Gadea Alice
Published: October 2024

Fusarium verticillioides is a prevalent plant pathogenic fungus known to produce harmful mycotoxins, including fumonisins and emerging toxins. This study aimed to investigate the influence of substrate on the temporal patterns of mycotoxin biosynthesis by F. verticillioides, employing a combined OSMAC (One Strain‐Many Compounds) strategy and metabolomics approach. The fungus was cultured under various media conditions, and samples were collected over time. LC–MS/MS analyses and a dereplicative workflow were used to profile the secondary metabolite production, focusing on mycotoxins. The results demonstrated that modifying the culture conditions led to significant variations in fungal growth and the nature and relative concentrations of mycotoxins produced. Corn meal agar (CMA) medium was favorable for fumonisins A1 and B1, while malt extract agar (MEA) favored fumonisins A2 and B2. The study also identified the production of other mycotoxins related compounds as fusarins, bikaverin derivatives and fumonisins analogs, under different growth conditions. This study highlights the potential of combining OSMAC and metabolomics to unravel the substrate‐dependent and time‐dependent variations in mycotoxin biosynthesis by F. verticillioides. The insights gained provide a better understanding of the ecophysiology of this fungus and the occurrence of its mycotoxins, which can inform targeted mitigation strategies to ensure food and feed safety.
Distinct Effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 Protein Segments on Structural Stability, Amyloidogenic Potential, and α‐Synuclein Aggregation
Authors: St. Dollente Mesias Vince , Zhang Jianing , Zhu Hongni , Dai Xin , Li Jixi , Huang Jinqing
Published: October 2024

Amyloidosis is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins, called amyloid fibrils, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. Recent studies on the amyloidogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 protein segments have raised concerns on their potential link to post‐infection neurodegeneration, however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the structure, stability, and amyloidogenic propensity of a nine‐residue segment (SK9) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 envelope protein and their impact on neuronal protein α‐synuclein (αSyn) aggregation. Specifically, the amino acid sequence of the SK9 wildtype has been modified from a basic and positively charged peptide (SFYVYSRVK), to a nearly neutral and more hydrophobic peptide (SAAVASAVK, labelled as SK9 var1), and to an acidic and negatively charged peptide (SDAVANAVK, labelled as SK9 var2). Our findings reveal that the SK9 wildtype exhibited a pronounced amyloidogenic propensity due to its disordered and unstable nature, while the SK9 variants possessed more ordered and stable structures preventing the amyloid formation. Significantly, the SK9 wildtype demonstrated distinct effect on αSyn aggregation kinetics and aggregate morphology to facilitate the formation of αSyn aggregates with enhanced resistance against enzymatic degradation. This study highlights the potential of modifying short peptide sequences to fine‐tune their properties, providing insights into understanding and regulating viral‐induced amyloid aggregations.
Moving Horizon Parameter Estimation for an Enzyme‐Catalyzed Transamination Reaction with Integrated Product Removal
Authors: Behrens Jessica , Tiedemann Sven , Kunde Tom , von Langermann Jan , Kienle Achim
Published: October 2024

Chiral amines are key building blocks in producing active pharmaceutical ingredients and can be synthesized via the amine transaminase pathway under mild conditions with eco‐friendly solvents. For model‐based design and control, mathematical models can be utilized. This requires reliable parameterization of the model. In this study, a model for the production of (S)‐(3 methoxyphenyl)‐ethylamine is presented. Parameter identifiability is analyzed using the method of profile likelihoods. The parameter identifiability is then tested in two different batch operation scenarios by using moving horizon estimation, which can be applied for on‐line model adaption and control purposes. In a batch process, identifiability decreases over time. A repetitive batch strategy improves parameter identifiability.
Styrylchromones: Biological Activities and Structure‐Activity Relationship
Authors: Lucas Mariana , Freitas Marisa , Silva Artur M. S. , Fernandes Eduarda , Ribeiro Daniela
Published: October 2024

Styrylchromones (SC) are a group of oxygen‐containing heterocyclic compounds, which are characterized by the attachment of a styryl group to the chromone core. SC can be found in nature or can be chemically synthesized in the laboratory. As their presence in nature is scarce, the synthetic origin is the most common. Two types of SC are known: 2‐styrylchromones and 3‐styrylchromones. However, 2‐styrylchromones are the most common, being more broadly found in nature and whose chemical synthesis is more commonly described. A wide variety of SC has been described in the literature, with different substituents in different positions, the majority of which are distributed on the A‐ and/or B‐rings. Over the years, several biological activities have been attributed to SC. This work presents a comprehensive review of the biological activities attributed to SC and their structure‐activity relationship, based on a published literature search, since 1989. The following biological activities are thoroughly reviewed and discussed in this review: antioxidant, antiallergic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory and antitumoral, affinity and selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors, neuroprotective, and α‐glucosidase inhibition. In general, SC are composed by a promising scaffold with great potential for the development of new drugs.