bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AM Fungi Influences the Photosynthetic Activity, Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes in Allium sativum L. under Salinity Condition
Authors: BORDE Mahesh , DUDHANE Mayura , JITE Paramjit Kaur
Published: April 2018

Potential of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in alleviating adverse salt effects on growth was tested in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Towards this objective we analyzed the AM root colonization and the activities of various antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM salinity levels. The activities of all the antioxidant enzymes studied were found to be increased in AM garlic plants. Antioxidant activity was maximum in 100 and 200 mM NaCl (sodium chloride) in AM and non-AM plants. Proline accumulation was induced by salt levels and it was more in leaves as well as roots of AM plants as compared to non-AM plants, this indicating that mycorrhiza reduced salt injury. Growth parameters of garlic plants like leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight and antioxidant enzyme activities were higher at moderate salinity level. This work suggests that the mycorrhiza helps garlic plants to perform better under moderate salinity level by enhancing the antioxidant activity and proline content as compared to non-AM plants.
Antibacterial Potential of the Extracts of the Leaves of Azadirachta indica Linn.
Authors: KOONA Saradhajyothi , BUDIDA Subbarao
Published: April 2018

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (syn. Melia azadirachta) is well known in India and popularly known as Indian neem. To evaluate antibacterial potential, the agar well diffusion assay was used against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Penicillin and Dimethyl sulfoxide were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Methanol extract showed the highest and chloroform extract showed moderate to good antibacterial activity. Proteus vulgaris and Micrococcus luteus were the most susceptible bacteria while Bacillus subtilis was more resistant bacterium to the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of neem. The study recommended for the isolation and separation of bioactive compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity.
Nutrient Dynamics in an Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., Mangrove Forest in Vamleshwar, Gujarat, India
Authors: KUMAR Isaiah Nirmal , SAJISH Poliyaparambil Ravi , KUMAR Rita Nirmal , BASIL George , SHAILENDRA Viyol
Published: April 2018

The study was carried out to determine the nutrient budget of plants, sediments and nutrient dynamics in an Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., dominated forest in Vamleshwar near Narmada estuary, West Coast of Gujarat for a period of one year from November 2008 to October 2009. The average tree height of the mangrove is 1.5 to 2 m without much vertical stratification. Allometric methodology was used to measure the biomass, and yield a figure of 86.47 t ha-1 and the litter fall rate amounted to 2.9 t ha-1. Nutrient stocks of N, P and K in this mangrove were 137.05, 14.38 and 241.29 kg ha-1, with an annual accumulation of 55.74, 12.38 and 83.94 kg ha-1, and an annual return of 51.30, 10.83 and 13.52 kg ha-1, respectively, in the form of litter. The annual uptake for N, P and K were 61.04, 14.28 and 97.46 kg ha-1, and turnover rates of N, P and K were estimated at 3, 6 and 14 years, respectively, for the study period. Flow coefficients, which reveal the dynamic processes of nutrients between mangrove plants and sediments, are also explained. The present study concluded that the A. marina dominated mangrove plantation is more efficient in nutrient use and conservation.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Leaf Number, Leaf Area and Leaf Dry Matter in Grape
Authors: BHAT Zahoor Ahmad , RASHID Rizwan , BHAT Javid Ahmad
Published: April 2018

Influence of phenylureas (CPPU) and brassinosteriod (BR) along with GA (gibberellic acid) were studied on seedless grape vegetative characteristics like leaf number, leaf area and leaf dry matter. Growth regulators were sprayed on the vines either once (7 days after fruit set or 15 days after fruit set) or twice (7+15 days after fruit set). CPPU 2 ppm+BR 0.4 ppm+GA 25 ppm produced maximum number of leaves (18.78) while as untreated vines produced least leaf number (16.22) per shoot. Maximum leaf area (129.70 cm2) and dry matter content (26.51%) was obtained with higher CPPU (3 ppm) and BR (0.4 ppm) combination along with GA 25 ppm. Plant growth regulators whether naturally derived or synthetic are used to improve the productivity and quality of grapes. The relatively high value of grapes justifies more expensive inputs. A relatively small improvement in yield or fruit quality can justify the field application of a very costly product. Application of new generation growth regulators like brassinosteroids and phenylureas like CPPU have been reported to increase the leaf number as well as leaf area and dry matter thereby indirectly influencing the fruit yield and quality in grapes.
Important Morphological Characters in Several Species of Cassiinae (Leguminosae) in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: SAHEED Sefiu Adekilekun , ILLOH Herbert Chukwuma
Published: April 2018

Macromorphological characters of some species of Cassia L. emend. Gaertner, Senna Miller and Chamaecrista Moench occurring in South Western Nigeria were studied. The aim was to search for stable, distinctive and diagnostic characters for the identification of these genera and their species. Qualitative characters were noted and recorded while quantitative observations were done by the use of a metric ruler and the measurements were taken to the nearest centimeters. The habit ranges from all shrubs in Senna, shrubs and herbs in Chamaecrista while the Cassia species studied are all trees. The shape of the leaflet apex varies in both Senna and Cassia species, while it is distinctly mucronate in Chamaecrista genus. Occurrence of foliaceous stipule in the genus Chamaecrista clearly separates it from Senna and Cassia, which are completely exstipulate. In general, other characters such as number of leaflet pairs, length and width of leaflets, leaflet base, and number of leaflets lateral nerves revealed generic distinctions. Others include the degree of hairiness in sepals, petals shape, types of inflorescence, fruit shape and fruit length. The attributes that delimits the species are mainly quantitative. The results of this investigation suggest macromorphological characters that clearly enhance the taxonomy of these genera and their species and they can be subsequently employed in their delimitation.
Induction of Systematic Resistance in Soybean Plants against Fusarium Wilt Disease by Seed Treatment with Benzothiadiazole and Humic Acid
Authors: ABDEL-MONAIM Montaser Fawzy , ISMAIL Mamdoh Ewis , MORSY Kadry Mohamed
Published: April 2018

The ability of benzothiadiazole (BTH), humic acid (HA) and their combination when used as seed soaking to induce systemic resistance against a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum was examined in four soybean cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Both inducers and their combination were able to protect soybean plants against damping-off and wilt diseases compared with check treatment. These results were confirmed under field conditions in two different locations i. e Minia and New Valley governorates. The tested treatments significantly reduced damping-off and wilt diseases and increased growth parameters, except number of branches plant-1, and seed yield. Application of BTH (0.25) + HA (4 g/l) was the most potent in this respect treatment. Soybean seed soaking in BTH+ HA recorded the highest activities of the testes of oxidative enzymes followed by BTH in the four soybean cultivars. Whereas, HA treatment was recorded the lowest increased of these oxidative enzymes. Also, similar results were obtained in case of total phenol but HA increased the total phenol more than BTH in all tested cultivars.
Weed Biomass and Weed Species Diversity of Juvenile Citrus Trees Intercrop with some Arable Crops
Authors: OLORUNMAIYE Patience Mojibade , AFOLAYAN Stephen Olaoye
Published: April 2018

A preliminary study was carried out to evaluate the performances of eight crops in the intercrop of citrus with arable crops at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Ibadan, Nigeria. Eight arable crops: maize, cucumber, sweet potato, Corchorus olitorius, large green, grain amaranth, Mucuna pruriens var. utilis, and groundnut were intercropped with young citrus trees in the early planting season of 2010 with sole citrus as control. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Data were collected on weed flora, weed density and weed dry weight. Results showed that the relative frequencies of weeds in all the plots were less than 4% at both 6 and 9WAP. Gomphrena celosoides, Oldenlandia corymbosa and Tridax procumbens were most preponderant in appearing in all the plots. Tridax procumbens had a consistent relative frequency (2.34%) in all the plots except in citrus/maize plot (0.78%) at 9 WAP. Significantly lower broadleaf weed densities were obtained in citrus/sweet potato, citrus/large green, control plot and citrus/cucumber (28.67, 45.00, 50.00 and 76.33 m-2 respectively) than in citrus/groundnut plot (143.00 m-2). Similarly, significantly lower grass weed densities were produced in citrus/Mucuna and citrus/sweet potato (0.33 m-2 each) plots than the control plot (11.33 m-2). Whereas citrus/corchorus plot produced significantly lower broadleaf weed dry weight (37.59 g m-2) than citrus/Mucuna plot (126.47 g m-2) at 3WAP, citrus/large green plot (16.15 g m-2) and citrus/groundnut plot (123.25 g m-2) followed the same trend at 6 WAP. Sedges dry weights were less than 7 g m-2 in all the plots compared with control plot.
Authors: DOLEY Khirood , JITE Paramjit Kaur
Published: April 2018

A pot experiment was conducted on peanut Arachis hypogaea L. during 2007 growing season to determine their growth characteristics due to mycorrhizal inoculation and two different levels of soluble phosphorous application. Due to inoculation by AM fungi the growth parameters such as leaf number, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, pod number and nodule number were significantly increased but two different level of phosphate also showed growth. However, growth parameters showed variable results when two different level of phosphate was applied along with AM fungi. Without phosphorous the mycorrhizal groundnut showed significant growth but when first low level of phosphorous was applied it showed more significant growth, however most significant result was observed with second high level of phosphorous application to the groundnut plant. Total chlorophyll content and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly higher but most significant were observed when first level of phosphorous was applied followed by second level of phosphorous. The percent root colonization by mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum was higher due to application of phosphorous but mycorrhizal dependency went on decreasing due to increase in the level of phosphorous. The different level of phosphorous had significant effect on growth and physiological parameters of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Arachis plants after 30, 60 and 90 days of growth period. However, the obtained results proved the improvement in plant growth with application of phosphorous. Thus, for increase in production of groundnut in the state of Maharashtra seems to be feasible option for increasing the overall production and yield.
Comparison of Cuminaldehyde Contents from Cell Suspension Cultures and Seeds of [Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.]
Authors: KHOSRAVINIA Sara , ZIARATNIA Seyed Mahdi , BAGHERI Abdolreza , RAJABZADEH Ghadir , MARASHI Seyed Hassan
Published: April 2018

The cell suspension culture and seed samples of Bunium persicum were extracted by supercritical fluid, hydrodistillation and solvent methods and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. In this study to compare the different methods of extractions, cuminaldehyde was targeted as one of the Black zira essential oil constitute. For callus induction the germinated seeds were cultured as explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l kinetin (treatment A) as well as 2 mg/l ?-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyl aminopurine (treatment B) and followed by cells suspension cultures establishment for the first time. The results of cell culture showed that cells from treatment B have a growth rate higher than A. All extracts were dissolved in 1 ml hexane and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. According to the Gas Chromatography analysis, cuminaldehyde was not detected in the supercritical fluid samples, while it was present in hydrodistillation and solvent extract. Cuminaldehyde percentage in cell and seed solvent extracts was 4.65% and 18.61% respectively. Gas Chromatography results also showed that no cuminaldehyde is present in media extracts, means no cuminaldehyde has been secreted into the medium.
Genetic Diversity of Three Spotted Seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus (Leach, 1814 ) in India Using Four Microsatellite Loci
Authors: THANGARAJ Muthusamy , LIPTON Aron Premnath , JOHN Lijo , GOPALAKRISHNAN Achamveetil
Published: April 2018

Seahorse populations are declining year by year not only in India but also throughout the world, because of over-fishing and increasing demand in Chinese market. The three spotted seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus is one of the dominant species and distributed all along the Indian coast. To study the genetic structure is very essential to conserve these species effectively. Hippocampus trimaculatus samples (n = 60/population) were collected from Mullimunai in Palk Bay, Tuticorin in Gulf of Mannar and Vizhinjam in south Malabar in India as by-catch in small trawlnets. Microsatellites are being widely applied in animal genome mapping and phylogenetic analysis because of their co-dominant inheritance and high degree of polymorphism. The molecular polymorphism of microsatellite DNA has proved to be a potent tool in the analysis of several aspects of population genetics. In the present study, four microsatellite primers were used to investigate the genetic difference and structure of three selected populations of H. trimaculatus. The result showed the overall FST value (0.0989) of the microsatellite loci between Mullimunai and Vizhinjam was significantly different. The genetic distance between Mullimunai and Tuticorin was 0.183; between Tuticorin and Vizhinjam was 0.461; and Mullimunai and Vizhinjam was 0.837. There was no statistical evidence of recent severe bottlenecks in any of the three populations. Continuous monitoring of microsatellite variations within the populations of all the three locations was suggested to determine whether genetic variation within the populations is stabilized between year classes.
Spatio Temporal Expression Pattern of an Insecticidal Gene (cry2A) in Transgenic Cotton Lines
Authors: BAKHSH Allah , RAO Abdul Qayyum , SHAHID Ahmad Ali , HUSNAIN Tayyab
Published: April 2018

The production of transgenic plants with stable, high-level transgene expression is important for the success of crop improvement programs based on genetic engineering. The present study was conducted to evaluate genomic integration and spatio temporal expression of an insecticidal gene (cry2A) in pre-existing transgenic lines of cotton. Genomic integration of cry2A was evaluated using various molecular approaches. The expression levels of cry2A were determined at vegetative and reproductive stages of cotton at regular intervals. These lines showed a stable integration of insecticidal gene in advance lines of transgenic cotton whereas gene expression was found variable with at various growth stages as well as in different plant parts throughout the season. The leaves of transgenic cotton were found to have maximum expression of cry2A gene followed by squares, bolls, anthers and petals. The protein level in fruiting part was less as compared to other parts showing inconsistency in gene expression. It was concluded that for culturing of transgenic crops, strategies should be developed to ensure the foreign genes expression efficient, consistent and in a predictable manner.
Computational Mining and Genome Wide Distribution of Microsatellite in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: KUMAR Sudheer , MAURYA Deepak , RAI Shalini , KASHYAP Prem Lal , SRIVASTAVA Alok Kumar
Published: April 2018

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) is currently the most preferred molecular marker system owing to their highly desirable properties viz., abundance, hyper-variability, and suitability for high-throughput analysis. Hence, in present study an attempt was made to mine and analyze microsatellite dynamics in whole genome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The distribution pattern of different SSR motifs provides the evidence of greater accumulation of tetra-nucleotide (3837) repeats followed by tri-nucleotide (3367) repeats. Maximum frequency distribution in coding region was shown by mono-nucleotide SSR motifs (34.8%), where as minimum frequency is observed for penta-nucleotide SSR (0.87%). Highest relative abundance (1023 SSR/Mb) and density of SSRs (114.46 bp/Mb) were observed on chromosome 1, while least density of SSR motifs was recorded on chromosome 11 (7.40 bp/Mb) and 12 (7.41 bp/Mb), respectively. Maximum trinucleotide (34.24%) motifs code for glutamic acid (GAA) while GT/CT were the most frequent repeat of dinucleotide SSRs. Most common and highly repeated SSR motifs were identified as (A)64, (T)48, (GT)24, (GAA)31, (TTTC)24, (TTTCT)28 and (AACCAG)27. Overall, the generated information may serve as baseline information for developing SSR markers that could find applications in genomic analysis of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici for better understanding of evolution, diversity analysis, population genetics, race identification and acquisition of new virulence.
Effects of Vermi-compost and Two Bacterial Bio-fertilizers on some Quality Parameters of Petunia
Authors: MOGHADAM Mina Zarghami , SHOOR Mahmud
Published: April 2018

The present research was conducted to study the effect of vermi-compost and two bio-fertilizer applications on growth, yield and quality of petunia (Petunia hybrida). The experiment laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications and 9 treatment combinations composing of vermi-compost, bio-fertilizers and NPK fertilizer. The treatment receiving Azospirillum sp. + Phosphate solubilizing bacterium + Vermicompost + NPK (25% of recommended dose) recorded the highest plant height, number of branches, plant spread, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield attributes such as number of flowers per plant, number of flowers per plot, flower yield/plant, flower yield/plot. The early flower bud initiation, 50 percent flowering and more flowering duration was achieved in the treatment receiving Azospirillum sp. + Phosphate solubilizing bacterium + Vermicompost + NPK (25% of recommended dose). Application of Azospirillum sp. + Phosphate solubilizing bacterium + Vermicompost + NPK (25% of recommended dose) registered significantly higher quality parameters such as flower diameter.
Soil Bulk Density and Porosity Changes due to Ground-based Timber Extraction in the Hyrcanian Forest
Authors: SOLTANPOUR Shoukuh , JOURGHOLAMI Meghdad
Published: April 2018

Assessment and management of environmental impacts of forest harvesting activities, one of the main reasons is that its importance is increasing day by day. Skidding operations could lead to an increase in detrimental soil disturbance and soil surface compaction that reduced forest soil fertilities. The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify of forest soil compaction following the skidding operations with wheeled cable skidder. This study was carried out in compartment no. 311 and 319 in Gorazbon district in Kheyrud forest in Hyrcanian forest. This study was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design and changes in soil bulk density and porosity with the skidder traffic intensity such as low intensity (less than 3 passes), moderate (3 to 7 passes) and very large (more than 7 passes) and two depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm of soil were measured. The results showed that with the increase of machine traffic, soil bulk density was increased but the largest percentage increase was observed in initial passes (less than 3 times). Soil bulk density at the depth 0-10 and 10-20 cm, was more than the control area by 21.2 and 6.5 percent, respectively. Soil porosity percentage at wheel rut was decreased comparing to the control area and this reduction in the 0-10 cm depth was greater than 10-20 cm soil depth. The most of the porosity reduction were occurred in the low intensity traffic and increase in skidder traffic has shown less effect on reducing soil porosity.
Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing
Authors: ABU DARWISH Mohammad , AL-RAMAMNEH Ezz Al-Dein , SALAMON Ivan , ABU-DIEYEH Ziad , AL NAWAISEH Mohamed , ALBDOUR Tahani
Published: April 2018

Salvia officinalis, known also as sage, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that spreads all over the word in several countries. The demand for the raw material and extracts of this plant is increasing due to its numerous applications in pharmacy, food and herbal tea production. The present study investigated for the first time the effect of 15, 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing (plant density) on the main constituents of sage essential oils and rosmarinic acid content. The highest content of essential oils (2.7%) and rosmarinic acid (2.0%) were obtained in plants grown using 15 cm planting space. Likewise, close spacing resulted also in a substantial content of 1,8-cineole (47-50%, GC/FID; 55-60%, GC/MS). This work indicated that 1,8-cineole chemotype was a dominant character of cultivated S. officinalis in south of Jordan. In general, the percent of α-thujone in essential oil was not affected by intra-row spacing. However, the percent of β-thujone decreased from (2-3%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing to (1-2%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing. The highest content of α-and β-pinene was recorded in plants grown using 45 cm planting space (8-10%, GC/FID; 5-6% GC/MS). Based on GC/MS, camphor compound was enriched (9-10%) in sage plants grown under 15 cm spacing and greater than in plants grown under 30 (6-7%) or 45 cm (5-6%) spacing. The results make the potential use of sage extracts in the treatment of some human disorders or illness an area of further research.
GGE Biplot Analysis of Yield Stability in Multi-environment Trials of Lentil Genotypes under Rainfed Condition
Authors: KARIMIZADEH Rahmatollah , MOHAMMADI Mohtasham , SABAGHNI Naser , MAHMOODI Ali Akbar , ROUSTAMI Barzo , SEYYEDI Faramarz , AKBARI Fariba
Published: April 2018

This investigation was done to study GE interaction over twelve environments for seed yield in 18 genetically diverse genotypes. Grain yield performances were evaluated for three years at four locations in Iran using a randomized complete block design. The first two principal components (IPC1 and IPC2) were used to create a two-dimensional GGE biplot that accounted percentages of 49% and 20% respectively of sums of squares of the GE interaction. The combined analysis of variance indicated that year and location were the most important sources affecting yield variation and these factors accounted for percentages of 50.0% and 33.3% respectively of total G+E+GE variation. The GGE biplot suggested the existence of three lentil mega-environments with wining genotypes G1, G11 and G14. According to the ideal-genotype biplot, genotype G1 was the better genotype demonstrating high mean yield and high stability of performance across test locations. The average tester coordinate view indicated that genotype G1 had the highest average yield, and genotypes G1 and G12 recorded the best stability. The study revealed that a GGE biplot graphically displays interrelationships between test locations as well as genotypes and facilitates visual comparisons.
Management of Stem-rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar in Field
Authors: DOLEY Khirood , JITE Paramjit Kaur
Published: April 2018

The present experiment was conducted at University of Pune for biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii by incorporating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and conventional system of cultivation with different spacing pattern (15 and 30 cm) in field. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and 30 cm spacing pattern significantly increased growth and yield as compared to control or 15 cm spacing pattern. The pathogenic mycorrhizal groundnut plants in 30 as well as 15 cm spacing pattern showed better growth in terms of plant height, leaf and pod number, fresh and dry weight of whole groundnut plant in comparison to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones and the plant growth was better in 30 spacing than 15 cm. The colonization by AM fungi in both spacing pattern was higher in absence of pathogen S. rolfsii. However, pathogen’s presence decreased the mycorrhizal colonization considerably in 30 and 15 cm. The disease severity and incidence were recorded to be lowered when inoculated with mycorrhiza in pathogenic groundnut plants as compared to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones in both spacing pattern and incidence and severity was significantly lower in 30 cm as compared to 15 cm. Therefore, it was observed from our results that for management of soil-borne pathogens inoculation of AM fungi and spacing patterns are necessary.
Morphometric and Genetic Variation in Three Populations of Indian Salmon (Polydactylus plebeius)
Authors: THIRUMARAISELVI Ramakrishnan , THANGARAJ Muthusamy , RAMANADEVI Vellaichamy
Published: April 2018

Morphometric character analyses and RAPD was used to discriminate and ratify the status of three populations of Indian salmon, Polydactylus plebeius along the coromandel coast of India. Morphometric analyses showed a clear pattern of differentiation between the stocks and revealed the discreteness of two groups, southern stock (Pazhayar) and northern stock (Cuddalore). The univariate analysis of variance showed significant differences between means of the samples for most morphometric descriptors. A total of 1077 scorable bands were produced using all ten arbitrary primers in three populations. An un-weighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram was constructed based on genetic values to show the genetic relationship among the three populations. The genetic diversity (H) of P. plebeius in Cuddalore was more (0.0733 ± 0.0648) than Pazhayar (0.0609 ± 0.0416) and Vellar (0.0613 ± 0.0344) populations. All the three populations had significantly (p
The Effects of Planting Distances and Different Stages of Maturity on the Quality of Three Cultivars of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
Authors: TABASI Atefeh , NEMATI Hossein , AKBARI Mohammad
Published: April 2018

In this investigation the effects of cultivar, row spacing and different stages of maturity on qualitative characteristics of tomato (ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS), β-carotene and lycopene) have been evaluated. Experiment was performed by factorial analysis with 3 replicates in completely randomized design (CRD). First treatment was three cultivars of tomato, second treatment was four planting distances and third treatment was different stages of maturity. The results showed that all treatments had significant influence on the levels of ascorbic acid, soluble solids, β-carotene and lycopene. Generally, wider spacing and deep red fruits had the highest quality. Therefore, choosing appropriate cultivars, special planting distances and suitable stage of maturity can increase fruit quality of tomato.
Effect of Seed Orientation and Medium Strength on In vitro Germination of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
Authors: MISHRA Yogeshwar , RAWAT Rimi , NEMA Brajesh , SHIRIN Fatima
Published: April 2018

A method was developed for optimization of In vitro germination of an economically important timber-yielding multipurpose tree, Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. The seeds inoculated in different orientation on different strengths of MS medium without any hormones showed varied response to the seed positions. The seeds inoculated on half strength medium in horizontal position recorded to produce a maximum germination (78.23%), shoot number (0.86) and root number (7.99). However, a maximum of shoot length of 3.67 cm was recorded in the quarter strength medium in the seeds inoculated in vertical down position, which was significantly higher than other media strength and positions. Our results indicate that the seed orientation including medium strength have tremendous effect on germination and seeds inoculated horizontally on half strength MS medium can be utilized to enhance In vitro seed germination of Pterocarpus marsupium.
Review of the sub-Saharan African small hydropower situation
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Adu Daniel , Fang Yujian , Yin Tingyun
Published: April 2018

The significance of renewable energy sources, such as generation of viable output from small hydropower (SHP), has been of great concern with several measures being taken to alleviate the serious shortfall of electricity supply in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. SHP can play very important roles in the electrification of rural areas. The potential for SHP is typically found away from the more populous areas and is a very suitable energy source for the purpose of rural electrification. It can be used either as standalone power source or as a hybrid system with other energy sources. Depletion of fossil fuels and inability to meet the rising demand for electricity are among the hindrances to the economic development of sub-Saharan Africa. This paper focuses on SHP situation in sub-Saharan Africa, especially off-the-grid areas where the central grid is inaccessible. There is a need to establish widespread SHP turbines to overcome this situation. This paper draws conclusions on the importance of designing and implementing SHP turbines for sub-Saharan Africa. It also highlights small-scale hydropower as one of the most cost-effective energy technologies to be considered for electrification, and proposes guidelines to help future implementation of this technology in a better way.
Fracture Surface Investigations of Api Pipes Welded With Parameters Determined By Taguchi Method
Authors: Aşıkuzun Elif , Çetinkaya Cemil , Boz Mustafa , Ada Hakan
Published: April 2018

In this study,
SEM images of the samples taken from welded nick break tests of API 5L X65 pipe
joints, whose welding parameters were determined by Taguchi method, were
examined. As a result of the investigations, the elongations and orientations
exhibited by the grains showed that ductile and brittle fractures were observed
in the welded joints. As it was observed from equiaxed, honeycomb like images
that the fractures exhibited a ductile behavior. Brittle fractures that occurred
due to cleavage breaks in some regions were detected. An  apparent effect of welding direction was
observed in fracture behavior. It was detected from the SEM images that a
ductile fracture structure had occurred in all joints that were performed from
bottom to top, while it was observed in the joints performed from top to bottom
that generally cleavage planes had developed along with fibrous structures in
places, therefore brittle fractures had occurred.
Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenleri için Futbol Genel Alan Bilgisi Bilgi Testinin Güvenirlik ve Geçerliği
Authors: DERVENT Fatih , DEVRİLMEZ Erhan , İNCE Mustafa Levent , WARD Phillip
Published: April 2018

ÖZ

Genel
alan bilgisi (GAB) kapsamına giren oyun kuralları, teknik ve taktik bilgileri
beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin etkin bir öğretim sergilemeleri için gereklidir.
Alanyazında futbol da dâhil olmak üzere GAB düzeyini ölçen geçerlik ve
güvenirlik çalışması yapılmış çok fazla bilgi testine rastlanmamaktadır. Amacı,
beden eğitimi öğretmenleri için Futbol GAB Testinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik
çalışmasını yapmak olan bu araştırmaya 11 farklı üniversitenin beden eğitimi ve
spor öğretmenliği bölümlerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 241 öğrenci katılmıştır.
Testte yer alan sorular futbol konusunda deneyimli antrenörler, beden eğitimi
öğretmenleri, öğretim elemanları, program geliştirme ve dil bilim uzmanlarından
oluşan uzman grubu tarafından alan bilgisi kavramsal çerçevesi (Ward, 2009) temel
alınarak belirtke tablosuyla oluşturulmuştur. Futbol GAB Testinde her biri
10’ar tane olmak üzere oyun kuralları bilgisi, teknik bilgisi ve taktik bilgisi
düzeyini ölçen 30 çoktan seçmeli soru bulunmaktadır. Rasch modeli kullanılarak
yapılan güvenirlik ve geçerlik değerlendirmesi 30 sorudan 24’ünün uyum
indeksleri açısından kabul edilen düzeyin üzerinde olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir düzeyi dışında kalan maddeler yeniden
düzenlenebilir. Maddelerin ayırt edicilik (6.93) ve güvenirlik (.98) değerleri kabul
edilebilir düzeyin üzerindedir ki bu durum testin iç tutarlılık düzeyinin
yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapılan Rasch analizi bilgi testinin güvenilir
ve geçerli bir futbol GAB Testi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Biochemical changes in blood serum of rats with experimental esophageal burn II degree under treatment with aqueous extract of P. vulgaris pods
Authors: Dmytryk V. , Raetska Ya.
Published: April 2018

During modeling of esophageal alkali burns II degree in immature rats were observed violations of various metabolic systems. It was shown that under the esophageal burns there occurred violations of protein (total protein, albumin), nitrogen metabolism (creatinine, urea), changed the activity of enzymes (GOT, GPT), violated fluid and electrolyte balance (Na+, К+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+). In the groups of animals with the alkaline burn of the esophagus, that were injected aqueous extract of pod of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) there can be traced a change of the indicators in the direction of normalization, indicating about the obvious therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of pod of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Effect of melatonin different time administration on the development of diet-induced obesity in rats
Authors: Kalmykova O. , Pustovalov A. , Vareniuk I. , Dzerzhynsky M.
Published: April 2018

In recent years much attention has been paid for study of the melatonin use possibilities for improving obesity comorbidities. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of melatonin different time treatment on body weight changes of dietinduced obesity in rats. The administration by gavage of melatonin in dose 30 mg/kg for 7 weeks had the potential to decrease visceral fat weight, Lee index (both after morning and evening treatment) and body weight gain rate (only after evening dose).
Bazı Kimya Konularındaki Alternatif Kavramların Tanılayıcı Dallanmış Ağaç Tekniği Kullanarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: GEÇGEL Gürkan , ŞEKERCİ Ali Rıza
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmada, geleneksel ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarına alternatif olan
Tanılayıcı Dallanmış Ağaç (TDA)  tekniği
kullanılarak geliştirilen kavram testi ile öğrencilerin bazı kimya konularında
alternatif kavramlara sahip olup olmadıklarını belirlemektir. TDA, geleneksel
ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarından yapısı ve amacının farklı olmasıyla dikkat
çekmektedir. Çalışma tarama yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma Dumlupınar
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalı ve Fen Bilgisi Eğitimi Anabilim Dallarında öğrenim gören 222 öğretmen
adayı ile gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiki yöntem
kullanılmıştır. TDA tekniği ile hazırlanan kavram testinin analizinden elde
edilen bulgular neticesinde öğretmen adaylarının madde ve özellikleri,
elementler, bileşikler, çözeltiler ve koligatif özellikler, metaller, fiziksel
ve kimyasal değişimler, asitler ve bazlar, kimyasal bağlar, ısı ve sıcaklık
kimya konuları ile ilgili alanyazında vurgulanan alternatif kavramlara sahip
oldukları ortaya konmuştur.
Gaz Yasalarıyla İlgili Geleneksel ve Bağlam Temelli Problemlerin Çözülebilme Durumuna Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÜREK Handan , DOLU Gamze
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmada,
üniversite öğrencilerinin bazı gaz yasaları ile ilgili geleneksel ve bağlam
temelli problemleri çözebilme durumlarının incelenerek karşılaştırılması
amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, zayıf deneysel desende bir araştırma
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu, Türkiye’nin batısında bulunan bir devlet
üniversitesinde, Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği Programı’nda öğrenim görmekte olan 30
birinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri, bazı gaz yasaları
(Charles Yasası, Gay-Lussac Yasası ve Boyle Yasası) ile ilgili 3 adet
geleneksel ve 3 adet bağlam temelli problem içeren bir veri toplama aracı yardımı
ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, ilk olarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş
ve bu analiz sonucunda öğrencilerin yaptığı çözümler, daha önce bu kapsamda geliştirilen
bir rubriğe göre puanlanmıştır. Ardından, veriler nicel yöntemlerle analiz
edilmiştir. Bu analizlerde problem çözümleri, ön test ve son test uygulamaları
için her iki problem türü açısından parametrik olmayan istatistiksel testler
yardımıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, öğrencilerin Charles
ve Gay-Lussac Yasası ile ilgili bağlam temelli problemlerin çözümünde, son
testte, ön teste göre daha iyi bir performans gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Boyle
Yasası ile ilgili bağlam temelli problem ile bu gaz yasaları ile ilgili tüm
geleneksel problemlerin çözümünde ise son test ile ön test arasında performans
açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farkın olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca,
öğrencilerin Boyle Yasası ile ilgili problem çözümleri hem ön testte hem de son
testte problem türü açısından karşılaştırıldığında, herhangi bir farklılaşmanın
olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin doğru problem çözümü
yapabilmeleri için birim çevirmenin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Okuma Eğitimi Alanındaki Kuramsal Kitaplarda Okumanın Kavram Alanına Yönelik Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KANATLI Faik , ÇEKİCİ Yunus Emre
Published: April 2018

Türkçe
öğretmenliği lisans programlarının 5. döneminde “Anlama Teknikleri 1: Okuma
Eğitimi” adlı ders verilir. Bu derste genellikle Türkçe öğretimi ile ilgili
kaynakların okuma eğitimi bölümleri ve/veya başlı başına okuma eğitimini konu
alan ders kitapları okutulur. Okuma eğitimi ile ilgili ders kitaplarının ve
bölümlerin okumanın kavram alanını yansıtması, okumayı ve okutmayı özendirmesi
ve öğretmen adaylarını okuma eğitimine hazırlaması beklenir.  Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkçe öğretmeni yetiştirirken
okuma eğitimi alanında sıklıkla kullanılan on ders kitabında ön plana çıkan
okumanın kavram alanını tartışmaya açmaktır. İncelenen on ders kitabı
belirlenirken temsil yeterliliği için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Örneklem
alınan kitaplarda ön plana çıkan kavramlar sınıflandırılmış ve
örneklendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Almanca ve edebiyat dersinin gelişim tarihinin ele
alındığı iki kaynak da yine okumanın kavram alanını belirlemek amacıyla değerlendirilmiş,
böylece Türkçe ve Almanca eğitiminde okumanın kavram alanına ilişkin
farklılıklar üzerinde durulmuştur. Betimsel bir nitelik taşıyan bu çalışmada
içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Türkçe kitaplarda tespit edilen
kavramlar şunlardır: fizyolojik kavramlar, fiziksel kavramlar, alışkanlık, hız,
metin, bilgi, kelime hazinesi, sosyallik ve anlama. Almanca kaynaklarda Türkçe kaynaklardan farklı olan bazı kavramlar ise
şunlardır: okuma sosyalleşmesi, yazınsal sosyalleşme, alımlama estetiği, metin
ve okur etkileşimi, özerklik, birey olma, kimlik/kişilik geliştirici/güçlendirici
bir süreç olarak okuma, özeleştirel okuma, okuma dinamiği, okuma heyecanı,
okuma coşkusu, okuma iklimi, okuma motivasyonu, okuma deneyimi, okuma
yapılandırması. Bu çalışmada, ortaya çıkan bu farklılıkların nedenleri
değerlendirilmiştir.
Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanterinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması
Authors: DİNÇER Çağlayan , DENİZ Kaan Zülfikar , AKGÜN Ege , ULUBEY Özgür
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırma Sınıf Yönetiminde
Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanterinin (Webster-Stratton, 2012) Türk Kültürüne uyarlanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Betimsel
türdeki araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Ankara ilinde görev yapan 48-72 ay arası
çocuklarla çalışan ve uygun örneklem ile seçilen toplam 422 (Açımlayıcı Faktör
Analizi-AFA için n=220 ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi-DFA için n=202) okul
öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Envanterin geçerliğini ve güvenirliğini
belirleyebilmek için Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Test, Bartlett Sphericity Test,
Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve
doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre,
Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanteri öğretmenlerin kendilerini değerlendirdikleri
üç ölçekten ve toplam 45 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Birinci ölçek “Sınıftaki
Davranışların Yönetimi Ölçeği” varyansın %82,52’sini açıklayan tek faktörden
oluşmaktadır. İkinci ölçek olan “Özel Öğretim Teknikleri Ölçeği” toplam
varyansın %38,02’sini açıklayan iki faktörden oluşmaktadır. Üçüncü ölçek olan “Anne
Babalarla Çalışma Ölçeği” toplam varyansın %56,26’sını açıklayan iki faktörden
oluşmaktadır. AFA’ya ilişkin modelin
doğrulanması için DFA kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak elde edilen
bulgular ışığında Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanterinin Türkçe
formunun yeterli psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu söylenebilir.
Öğretmenlerin Yöneticilerden Memnuniyet Düzeylerinin İş Performanslarına Etkisi
Authors: Yardibi Nursel
Published: April 2018

Örgütlerin performansı örgütün önceden
belirlenen hedeflerini gerçekleştirme sürecinde etkili olduğu kadar
öngörülemeyen krizleri sağlıklı yönetme konusunda da etkilidir. Bu çalışmada
öğretmenlerin okul yöneticilerinden memnuniyet düzeylerinin iş performanslarına
etkileri ile ilgili görüşlerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada
araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması tercih
edilmiştir. Çalışma grubu 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında Ankara ilinde
ilkokullarda derse giren 10 kadın, 10 erkek toplam 20 sınıf öğretmeninden
oluşmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin çalışmaya katılmaları gönüllük esasına
dayanmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin mesleki kıdemleri ise 3 yıl ile 20 yıl arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Çalışmada
katılımcıların yarısından çoğu yöneticilerin yönetici yeterliliklerine sahip
olduğunu düşünürken bazı katılımcılar ise yeterliliğe sahip olmadığını
düşünmektedirler. Katılımcılar yöneticilerin insan ilişkilerine önem verdiğini,
yöneticilerin öğretmenleri
değerlendirirken kullandığı kriterleri duyurduklarını, ifade
etmişlerdir. Katılımcıların
yarısından çoğu yöneticilerin öğretmenlerin problemlerine duyarlı olduğu
konusunda görüş birliği içerisindedir. Çalışmada katılımcılar yöneticilerden
memnuniyetin iş performansını etkilediğini ifade etmişlerdir. Öğretmenlerin yöneticilerden
memnuniyet durumunun iş performansına etkisinin öğretmenlerin cinsiyetine ve
mesleki kıdemlerine göre bir farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Özellikle okul ortamında öğretmenlerin
motivasyonunun arttırılması ve performanslarının
değerlendirilmesi
konularında yöneticilere hizmet içi eğitim verilebilir. Öğretmenlerin takdir,
tanıma ve ödüllendirme konularında memnuniyetini arttırmak adına ödüllendirme
sisteminde yapısal değişiklikler yapılabilir.
Doğal Kaynaklar Temelinde İç Çatışmaların Ekonomik Teorisi
Authors: BEYAZ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Zelal , BAKIRTAŞ Prof. Dr. İbrahim
Published: April 2018

II. Dünya Savaşı’nın sona ermesinden sonra, uluslararası savaşlardan daha yaygın hale gelmesine karşın, akademik çevre 1990’lı yılların sonlarına kadar silahlı iç çatışma sorununa ilişkin çalışmalara ağırlık vermemiştir. Bu tarihten itibaren yapılan pek çok çalışma doğal kaynaklar ile silahlı iç çatışma veya iç savaş başlangıcı, süresi ve şiddeti arasında bir ilişki olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Literatürde doğal kaynaklar ile silahlı iç çatışma başlangıcı arasındaki ilişki altı farklı mekanizmayla açıklanmaktadır. Bunlar; açgözlü ayaklanma, dışarıdan müdahale, kindarlık, elverişlilik, zayıf devlet ve seyrek ticaret ağıdır. Mekanizmaların farklı önermeler üzerine inşa edilmiş olması hem terminolojik hem de kuramsal bir altyapının oluşturulmasını zorlaştırmaktadır Bazı kaynaklarda geçen teorilere diğer bazı kaynaklarda hiç yer verilmemesi ya da benzer teorilerin daha farklı, hatta bazen de çelişir şekilde kullanılması mevcut sorunu daha da büyütmektedir. Benzer şekilde farklı teorilerin sıralandığı iddia edilen kaynaklarda da sıralanan teorilerin birbiriyle iç içe oldukları, kullanılan teorilerin birbirinin tekrarından öteye geçemedikleri ya da tamamlayıcı oldukları görülmektedir. Mevcut literatürdeki bu eksiklik ve zorluklar bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasındaki ana etkendir. Bu etken bağlamında bu çalışmanın iki amacı vardır. Bunun ilki, mevcut çalışmalar ışığında doğal kaynaklar ile iç çatışma başlangıcı arasındaki ilişkiyi iç çatışma mekanizmaları yardımıyla iktisadi olarak tanımlamaktır. İkinci amaç ise bu tanımlamalarla terminolojik eşgüdümün oluşturulmasına ve kuramsal altyapının şekillenmesine katkıda bulunmaktır.
Orta Asya Türk Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’de Zamanlararası Dış Bütçe Kısıtının Ekonometrik Analizi
Authors: AZGÜN Doç. Dr. Sabri
Published: April 2018

 Ekonomiler, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme ve gelişmelerini gerçekleştirebilmek için, ödemeler dengesi açıklarına dikkat etmek durumundadırlar. Bir ülkenin cari işlemler açıkları bakımından risk taşıması, cari ekonomi politikasının hali hazırda ve gelecekte sürdürülebilirlik noktasında sorunlu olduğunun göstergesi olarak değerlendirilebilir. Cari işlemler açığının sürdürülebilirliği, zamanlararası bütçe kısıtına bağlı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Söz konusu dış bütçe kısıtına göre, dış dünyadan elde edilen gelirler ile dış âleme yapılan ödemelerin izleyeceği yol, zamanlararası geri ödeme yeteneği koşulunu belirlemektedir. Eğer bu iki değişken arasında uzun dönem denge ilişkisi mevcut değilse, zamanlararası bütçe kısıtı sağlanmaz. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2005Q1-2014Q4 dönemi için Orta Asya Türk Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin zamanlararası geri ödeme yeteneği koşulunu sağlayıp sağlamadığını belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu Avrasya ekonomilerinin cari işlemler dengesi açısından potansiyel risk taşıyıp taşımadığı incelenmiştir. 
Sivil Toplum ve Uluslararası Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü: Dini Aktörlerin Çözüm Sürecindeki Rolü
Authors: CAN Ali
Published: April 2018

Uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde sivil toplum gruplarının da çok sık olmasa bile yer aldığı görülmektedir. Sivil toplum gruplarının uzlaştırma faaliyetleri dışında bırakılması uzlaşma sürecini daha kolay işler hale getirdiği düşünülse de, sivil toplum gruplarının katılımı olmadan tesis edilen uzlaşma kalıcı olamaz. Sivil toplum gruplarının uzlaşma süreçlerine doğrudan veya dolaylı yollarla katıldığı durumlarda, tesis edilen barış ortamının daha uzun süre devam ettirilmesi mümkün olmaktadır. Din kavramı ve inanç farklılıkları son yılların ‘çatışma’ nedenleri arasında gösterilmektedir. Ancak, özünde insanları iyiliğe çağırma, moral değerleri ön plana çıkararak toplumsal barış ve huzuru tesis etme amacını güden dini inanışlar, doğru anlama ve yorumlama ile uyuşmazlıkların sonlandırılıp, barışın tesisinde etkili olabilecek önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, dini değerlerin çatışmaların değil barış ve huzurun tesis edilmesini teşvik eden özellikleri analiz edilerek, uluslararası uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde aktif rol alan dini aktörlerin katkıları incelenmiştir. 