bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La ética de los agentes cibernéticos (Una ética de plástico para seres de plástico)
Authors: LACRUZ MANTECÓN Miguel L.
Published: July 2023

Entre las cuestiones que suscita la nueva tecnología de la IA tenemos la llamada Ética de la IA. De hecho, la reciente Resolución UE Marco de los aspectos éticos de la inteligencia artificial, la robótica y las tecnologías conexas de 20 de octubre 2020, declara que las cuestiones de carácter ético y jurídico relacionadas con la inteligencia artificial deben abordarse a través de un marco regulador del Derecho de la Unión efectivo, global y con visión de futuro que refleje los principios y valores de la Unión consagrados en los Tratados y en la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales. Es decir, se está pidiendo una reglamentación de la ética europea de la IA. Además, se adjunta como Anexo una Propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo sobre los principios éticos para el desarrollo, el despliegue y el uso de la IA, en 24 artículos. Este trabajo explora el significado de esta Ética para robots, Roboética o Ciberética, distinguiendo la ética que se dirige a los seres humanos en su relación con las máquinas de la que se programa en el sistema inteligente como medida de control y seguridad.
El beneficio medio presunto del sector económico como límite negativo del IAE: paisaje tras la pandemia
Authors: de Juan Casadevall Jorge
Published: July 2023

El IAE es un tributo directo de carácter real que grava el “mero ejercicio” de la actividad económica y de devengo anticipado a 1 de enero de cada período impositivo. Esa abstracción de su hecho imponible se acompaña de un complejo sistema de estimación objetiva de su cuota tributaria. Es un gravamen presuntivo de la capacidad económica cuyas cuotas mínimas, en virtud del art 85.1 Cuarta TRLHL, no puede exceder del límite negativo el 15 % del beneficio medio presunto del sector. El autor defiende la aplicación de la doctrina del exceso “ultra vires” para aquellas tarifas del impuesto que desborden ese límite negativo, que deberá referirse en todo caso al sector económico en el que se integra la concreta actividad económica gravada. En particular, se detiene en la determinación de sus efectos jurídicos desde la estricta aplicación del principio de legalidad tributaria. Sobre esta situación podría haber influido también la paralización económica decretada en determinados sectores a raíz de la pandemia del COVID-19. O, incluso, podría ser independiente de esta situación de pandemia, como ocurre en el sector de casinos de juego que se ha planteado ya en la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa.
Software e innovación tecnológica (comentario a la SAN 5530/2022 de 23/11/2022, rec. 430/2020)
Authors: Simón-Yarza María Eugenia
Published: July 2023

La Audiencia Nacional se pronuncia de forma novedosa sobre la calificación de los gastos de desarrollo y mantenimiento de software en los proyectos de innovación tecnológica. Al margen de este cambio de criterio, del que no discrepamos por tratarse de una cuestión técnica no jurídica, el caso plantea una interesante cuestión relativa al alcance y los efectos de los informes del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad en cumplimiento del artículo 35.4 TRLIS (artículo 35.4 LIS) y a la competencia de la Administración tributaria para separarse de su contenido. A nuestro juicio, la Delegación Central de Grandes Contribuyentes carecía de competencia para recalificar los gastos fiscales del contribuyente. La Audiencia Nacional debería haber estimado el recurso.
Sobre la responsabilidad subsidiaria del representante directo y el alcance material de la garantía prestada. Análisis de la STS 4554/2022 de 13 de diciembre. nº de recurso 11/2021
Authors: Suberbiola Garbizu Irune
Published: July 2023

La STS analizada dilucida el alcance de la garantía prestada por el representante directo, en concreto, examina si debe comprender el derecho de aduana por el que se presta con ocasión y en el momento de presentar la DUA y hasta el levante de la mercancía o sí, por el contrario, ha de extenderse a la totalidad de la deuda tributaria regularizada como consecuencia de unas actuaciones de comprobación que no dieron lugar a la retención. Igualmente, refrenda una jurisprudencia anterior en la que se evita el desplazamiento del régimen jurídico de los representantes directos, desde las normas aplicables para exigir la responsabilidad subsidiaria, a las normas aplicables a la ejecución de garantías en el procedimiento de recaudación.
A propósito del deber de coordinación, notificación y audiencia entre la AEAT y las haciendas forales en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades (STS de 20 de diciembre de 2022)
Authors: Fernández de Buján y Arranz Antonio
Published: July 2023

La STS de 20 de diciembre de 2022, tiene por objeto aclarar, matizar o concretar si la AEAT o la Hacienda foral, según el caso, tiene la obligación de notificar, conforme a la normativa vigente en territorio común, la realización de ajustes de valoración en materia de precios de transferencia a la Hacienda correspondiente cuando se realice una comprobación tributaria a un sujeto pasivo que abone el Impuesto sobre Sociedades en territorio común y que esté a su vez vinculado con una entidad que, en función de los puntos de conexión fijados en los artículos 14 y siguientes de la Ley 12/2002, por la que se aprueba el Concierto Económico con la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, deba tributar conforme a la normativa foral vasca. Ambas administraciones se deben facilitar mutuamente, en tiempo y forma adecuados, cuantos datos y antecedentes estimen precisos para su mejor exacción. En el caso de que efectivamente exista la obligación de comunicación aludida y no se haya cumplido, la Administración competente está vinculada por las valoraciones de las operaciones establecidas por la Agencia Estatal de la Administración para la entidad vinculada que tributa en territorio común. No obsta a ello que el acto de esta Administración se haya adoptado mediante actas con acuerdo.
Primacía del Derecho de la UE y acto claro para no residentes en el Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio
Authors: Macarro Osuna José Manuel
Published: July 2023

En 2014 el TJUE consideró que la no aplicación de la normativa autonómica del ISD a los residentes de otros Estados miembros suponía una infracción de la libre circulación de capitales. El Tribunal Supremo extendió esta interpretación a los residentes en terceros países. Ambas sentencias dieron lugar a modificaciones legislativas en las Leyes del ISD y del Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio. Recientemente, dos TSJ han diferido acerca de si, desde la óptica de la primacía del Derecho de la UE y de la doctrina del acto claro, es posible extrapolar la jurisprudencia sentada sobre el ISD al IP, y si se puede aplicar dicha disposición de la Ley del Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio a hechos imponibles devengados antes de su entrada en vigor.
DAMPAK ORANG TUA BROKEN HOME TERHADAP PERILAKU REMAJA WANITA
Authors: Anarta Fikri , Fauzi Rizki Muhammad , Santoso Meilanny Budiarti
Published: July 2023

Masalah broken home dapat memengaruhi tumbuh kembang pada anak-anaknya. Perkembangan anak menjadi terhambat karena disebabkan oleh masalah broken home. Keluarga adalah tempat yang penting bagi tumbuh kembang fisik, emosional, mental, dan sosial bagi anak. Masalah perceraian tentunya tidak hanya dirasakan oleh orangtua nya saja, tetapi juga anak-anaknya terkena dampaknya, terutama pada remaja. Namun, tidak semua anak korban broken home selalu buruk, pasti selalu ada sisi positifnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan dampak orang tua broken home terhadap perilaku remaja wanita. Artikel ini ditulis menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa orang tua yang broken home berdampak kepada perilaku remaja, contohnya seperti remaja tersebut menjadi mudah menangis atau sedih. Namun, dampak itu tidak selalu buruk, karena remaja tersebut semakin terbuka dan tidak tertekan setelah terjadinya broken home. Maka dari itu, dampak broken home tidak selalu buruk terhadap perilaku seorang remaja.
INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS : PENGALAMAN HIDUP LANSIA YANG MENGASUH CUCU
Authors: Astuti Widya , Rahman Aditia , Safitri Kharisma , Tania Wina , Putri Deby Amanda
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman hidup lansia yang mengasuh cucu. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada fenomena wanita bekerja yang memberikan tanggung jawab mengasuh anak kepada orangtuanya. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif fenomenologis dengan pendekatan Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis(IPA). Subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini berjumlah dua orang dengan karakteristik lanjut usia (lansia) yang berjenis kelamin perempuan, berusia 60 tahun keatas, mengasuh cucu, dan berdomisili di kota Payakumbuh. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti menemukan ada tiga tema induk dari kedua subjek dan satu tema unik dari subjek I. Dintara tema induk tersebut adalah perasaan bahagia, penerimaan diri, dan pengasuhan, sementara tema unik yang hanya ditemukan pada subjek I adalah cucu sebagai teman. Lansia memaknakan pengasuhan cucu sebagai sebuah pekerjaan yang terpaksa harus dilakukan saat anak-anak mereka bekerja dan tidak memiliki waktu di pagi hingga siang hari untuk mengasuh. Keseharian bersama cucu menimbulkan kedekatan diantara keduanya, baik secara emosional, maupun pemahaman tentang perilaku cucu.
Community Self-Organisation in Neighbourhood Parks in Perumnas Mojosongo, Surakarta
Authors: Fajri Muhammad Nur , Pradoto Wisnu
Published: July 2023

This research examines the involvement of the community in creating and managing neighbourhood parks in Perumnas Mojosongo residential area, Surakarta, Indonesia, with the risk of transgression. The neighbourhood parks were undeveloped until residents intervened in these government land without legal permission. This research aims to explore the motives for intervening in these sites and the processes that drive the success of self-organised actions by local residents. It expands on previous studies by examining a different setting: spaces intended for public facilities in a planned residential area. The research began with a quantitative strand to select two sites that function properly as neighbourhood parks as the cases. The selection phase analysed the characteristics of the neighbourhood parks using frequency statistics by assessing the sites' condition from participant observation and official documents. Then, a multiple case study utilised semi-structured interviews to retrieve experiences from 16 key informants, residents with first-hand experiences regarding both parks’ development. The research concludes that residents' proximity to government-owned land motivates them to initiate park development, even on a small scale, when the government neglects the land. However, the legitimacy of their actions is only quasi-legitimate, as they lack formal permission from the government to utilise the land. Instead, their actions are supported by verbal permission, the perception of dispute resolution as a permit, or even the assumption of government funding as a form of approval. Social recognition from neighbourhood associations becomes a determinant of the safety of their actions.
Chondrosarcoma with Target-Like Chondrocytes: Update on Molecular Profiling and Specific Morphological Features
Authors: Povýšil Ctibor , Hojný J. , Kaňa M.
Published: July 2023

This is the first histological and molecular analysis of two chondrosarcomas with target-like chondrocytes that were compared with a group of conventional chondrosarcomas and enchondromas. The unique histological feature of target-like chondrocytes is the presence of unusual hypertrophic eosinophilic APAS-positive perichondrocytic rings (baskets). In the sections stained with Safranin O/Fast green, the outer part of the ring was blue and the material in the lacunar space stained orange, similarly to intercellular regions. Immunohistoche­mical examination showed strong positivity for vimentin, factor XIIIa, cyclin D1, osteonectin, B-cell lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2), p53 and p16. The S-100 protein was positive in 25 % of neoplastic cells. Antibodies against GFAP, D2-40 (podoplanin), CD99, CKAE1.3 and CD10 exhibited weak focal positivity. Pericellular rings/baskets contained type VI collagen in their peripheral part, in contrast to the type II collagen in intercellular interterritorial spaces. Ultra­structural examination revealed that pericellular rings contained an intralacunar component composed of microfibrils with abundant admixture of aggregates of dense amorphous non-fibrillar material. The outer extralacunar zone was made up of a layer of condensed thin collagen fibrils with admixture of non-fibrillar dense material. NGS sequencing identified a fusion transcript involving fibronectin 1 (FN1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) at the RNA level. At the DNA level, no significant va­riant was revealed except for the presumably germ­line variant in the SPTA1 gene.

Erratum to this article was published in: Folia Biologica, 2022, 68, (5-6): 211–211. https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2022068050211
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Extraction from Liquid Biopsy for Cancer Research
Authors: Pfeiferova L. , Safarikova M. , Ulrych J. , Krska Z. , Frankova V. , Zima T. , Kalousova Marta
Published: July 2023

As the number of cancer patients globally increases, a need for reliable biomarkers including circulating tumour DNA from liquid biopsy for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the disease is rising. Currently, mainly tissue samples from biopsy are used, but there are certain limitations: firstly, it is an invasive technique, and secondly, in some cases it is almost impossible to obtain an acceptable tissue sample. This could be changed by using circulating cell-free DNA from liquid biopsy, which also gives the possibility of repeated examination. Here, we focus on the options of isolating circulating cell-free DNA from plasma samples using two isolation techniques: precision manual QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit and automatic MagNA Pure Compact (MPC) using Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit I. Manual extraction gave significantly better yields of circulating tumour DNA (P < 0.05). This DNA also had less contaminants (organic compounds or proteins). DNA obtained by both tested methods of isolation is suitable for subsequent molecular genetic methods.
Technical Notes No Inhibitory Effect of Heparinized Blood on Real-Time PCR Analysis of Thrombophilic Mutations
Authors: Beránek Martin , Hegerová J. , Michajlíková M. , Dulíček P. , Palička V.
Published: July 2023

We compared the efficiency of real-time PCR analysis of FII (c.*97G>A, G20210A) and FV Leiden (c.1601G>A) thrombophilic mutations in the samples obtained from venous blood treated with various anti­coagulant agents (EDTA, heparin, and sodium fluoride with potassium oxalate), or from clotted venous blood; one hundred samples of wild-type subjects were tested. Genomic DNA extracts and whole blood specimens modified by 90 °C heating were analysed by real-time PCR analysis; cycle threshold values were subsequently evaluated. Real-time PCR analysis for the FII gene assay performed in DNA extracts from EDTA blood samples revealed a median Ct value of 19.3. Similar Ct values were apparent in the DNA extracts obtained from the heparinized blood and sodium fluoride with potassium oxalate-treated samples: 18.5 and 18.9, respectively. Signi­ficantly higher Ct values were found in extracts from clotted blood with medians of 20.6 (tubes with inert separation gel) and 20.5 (tubes without the gel, both P < 0.001). The data on the FV real-time PCR analysis were very comparable to the FII assay. In the modified whole blood, the samples treated with heparin salts showed significantly lower Ct values (P < 0.001) in both assays when compared with the samples with EDTA, sodium fluoride with potassium oxalate, and with the samples with clotted blood. Our results indicate that real-time PCR analyses of thrombophilic mutations were not negatively influenced by the presence of heparin salts in collection tubes. Blood samples with various anticoagulants might be exchangeable for each other when DNA analysis of thrombophilic mutations is required.
Erratum - Chondrosarcoma with Target-Like Chondrocytes: Update on Molecular Profiling and Specific Morphological Features
Authors: Povýšil Ctibor , Hojný J. , Kaňa M.
Published: July 2023

The original article was published in Folia Biologica (Praha) Volume 68, No. 3 (2022), 112-124. https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2022068030112
Effect of heavy metals on the pigmentation and photosynthetic capability in Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden
Authors: Kamal S William Joseph , Xavier Jobi
Published: July 2023

Photosynthesis is a fundamental process in plants that enables them to produce their own food. However, this process can be influenced by multiple factors including external factors such as sunlight, nutrients availability and gas concentrations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of heavy metal stress on the plant Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden. Three different heavy metals, namely cadmium, chromium, and lead, were applied to the plants at five concentrations ranging from 50-250 ppm (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250). The growth of the plants was observed, and several parameters including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), leaf stomatal conductance (C), and the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were measured. The results revealed that the chlorophyll content was higher in the Cr150 concentration (5.47±0.4). The chlorophyll values for Pb-100 (9.4±0.35) and Pb-250 (9.8±0.26) were in close proximity to each other. The Cd-100 concentration showed the highest chlorophyll content. The net photosynthetic rate was least affected in Pb-150 (30.98±0.75), while Cr-100 (4.05±0.09) exhibited the greatest impact. Transpiration rate increased slightly in plants treated with Pb, but significantly decreased in Cd-treated plants. The Cr-50 concentration (0.19±0.02) showed the lowest transpiration rate. Leaf stomatal conductance was reduced significantly in all treated plants, with Cr-100 showing the least variation (2298.25±1.85). The photosynthetic active radiation capability was reduced in all treated plants, with Pb-treated plants exhibiting nominal reduction and Cd- and Cr-treated plants experiencing substantial reduction. Statistical analysis confirmed significant variations in the measured parameters following heavy metal treatment.
Agritourism Enhancing Small Farm Operations: A Research Model
Authors: McClanahan Lauren E. , Wilson Asa B.
Published: July 2023

Challenges confronting small- and mid-size farm operations are identified in terms of risks to sustainability. Community, economic, and environmental factors supporting sustainable farm operations are outlined. Incorporating and/or expanding agritourism activities are discussed as interventions supporting sustainability. Uncertainty about agritourism features that enhance farm operations is problematic. A university-based agritourism pilot study with small- and medium-sized farm in rural southeast Missouri provided insight into a needed follow-up research model. This research approach is defined in terms of its agritourism a) background, b) research question, c) methodology, d) data source, e) statistical analysis, and f) applied value. The applied value of research findings impacts academic understanding of agritourism, provides guidance for individual farm operators, and fosters wide scope agritourism research opportunities in regions, states, multiple counties, and other defined geographies.
Numerical solution of a malignant invasion model using some finite difference methods
Authors: Appadu Appanah Rao , Waal Gysbert Nicolaas de
Published: July 2023

In this article, one standard and four nonstandard finite difference methods are used to solve a cross-diffusion malignant invasion model. The model consists of a system of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) subject to specified initial and boundary conditions, and no exact solution is known for this problem. It is difficult to obtain theoretically the stability region of the classical finite difference scheme to solve the set of nonlinear coupled PDEs, this is one of the challenges of this class of method in this work. Three nonstandard methods abbreviated as NSFD1, NSFD2, and NSFD3 are considered from the study of Chapwanya et al., and these methods have been constructed by the use of a more general function replacing the denominator of the discrete derivative and nonlocal approximations of nonlocal terms. It is shown that NSFD1, which preserves positivity when used to solve classical reaction-diffusion equations, does not inherit this property when used for the cross-diffusion system of PDEs. NSFD2 and NSFD3 are obtained by appropriate modifications of NSFD1. NSFD2 is positivity-preserving when the functional relationship

[

ψ

(

h

)

]

2

=
2
ϕ

(

k

)

{\left[\psi \left(h)]}^{2}=2\phi \left(k)

holds, while NSFD3 is unconditionally dynamically consistent with respect to positivity. First, we show that NSFD2 and NSFD3 are not consistent methods. Second, we tried to modify NSFD2 in order to make it consistent but we were not successful. Third, we extend NSFD3 so that it becomes consistent and still preserves positivity. We denote the extended version of NSFD3 as NSFD5. Finally, we compute the numerical rate of convergence in time for NSFD5 and show that it is close to the theoretical value. NSFD5 is consistent under certain conditions on the step sizes and is unconditionally positivity-preserving.
Resection rectopexy as part of the multidisciplinary approach in the management of complex pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Kalev Georgi , Marquardt Christoph , Schmerer Marten , Ulrich Anja , Heyl Wolfgang , Schiedeck Thomas
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Pelvic floor disorders are frequently caused by an organ prolapse involving multiple pelvic floor compartments. In such cases, a multidisciplinary strategy for diagnostic work-up and therapy is required.

Methods

All patients who underwent transabdominal rectopexy/resection rectopexy alone or in combination with simultaneous gynecological pelvic floor reconstruction at our institution between 01/2006 and 12/2021 were included in this retrospective study. The study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome and postoperative complications.

Results

Two hundred and eighty seven patients were assigned to one of the following groups: PG1 – patient group one: after resection rectopexy (n=141); PG2 – after ventral rectopexy (n=8); PG3 – after combined resection rectopexy and sacro (cervico)colpopexy (n=62); PG4 – after combined resection rectopexy and trans-vaginal pelvic floor repair (n=76). The duration of follow-up was 14 months for PG1 (median, IQR 37 months), 11 months for PG2 (mean, SD 9 months), 7 months for PG 3 (median, IQR 33 months), and 12 months for PG 4 (median, IQR 51 Months). The surgical procedure resulted in improvement of symptoms related to obstructed defecation in 56.4 % (22/39) of the patients in PG1, 25 % in PG2 (1/4), 62.5 % (20/32) in PG3, and 71.8 % (28/39) in PG4. “De novo” constipation was reported by 2.4 % (2/141) of patients from PG1. Improvement in fecal incontinence symptoms was reported by 69 % (40/58) of patients in PG1, 100 % in PG2 (2/2), 93.1 % (27/29) in PG3, and 87.2 % (34/39) in PG4. The recurrence rate for external rectal prolapse was 7.1 % in PG1, 50 % in PG2 (1/2), 2.7 % in PG3, and 6.3 % in PG4. A significant difference in terms of severe morbidity (grade ≥ IIIb) and mortality could not be determined between the non-interdisciplinary (PG1 with PG2) and interdisciplinary surgery (PG3 with PG4) (p=0.88, p=0.499).

Conclusions

Based on our results, we can assume that combined surgery is as feasible as rectal surgery alone. In our study, combined interventions were effective and not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.
On generations by conjugate elements in almost simple groups with socle 2𝐹4(𝑞2)′
Authors: Revin Danila O. , Zavarnitsine Andrei V.
Published: July 2023

We prove that if

L
=

F
4

2

⁢

(

2

2
⁢
n

+
1

)

′

L={}^{2}F_{4}(2^{2n+1})^{\prime}

and 𝑥 is a nonidentity automorphism of 𝐿, then

G
=

⟨
L
,
x
⟩

G=\langle L,x\rangle

has four elements conjugate to 𝑥 that generate 𝐺.
This result is used to study the following conjecture about the 𝜋-radical of a finite group.
Let 𝜋 be a proper subset of the set of all primes and let 𝑟 be the least prime not belonging to 𝜋.
Set

m
=
r

m=r

if

r
=
2

r=2

or 3 and

m
=

r
−
1

m=r-1

if

r
⩾
5

r\geqslant 5

.
Supposedly, an element 𝑥 of a finite group 𝐺 is contained in the 𝜋-radical

O
π

⁡

(
G
)

\operatorname{O}_{\pi}(G)

if and only if every 𝑚 conjugates of 𝑥 generate a 𝜋-subgroup.
Based on the results of this and previous papers, the conjecture is confirmed for all finite groups whose every nonabelian composition factor is isomorphic to a sporadic, alternating, linear, unitary simple group, or to one of the groups of type

B
2

2

⁢

(

2

2
⁢
n

+
1

)

{}^{2}B_{2}(2^{2n+1})

,

G
2

2

⁢

(

3

2
⁢
n

+
1

)

{}^{2}G_{2}(3^{2n+1})

,

F
4

2

⁢

(

2

2
⁢
n

+
1

)

′

{}^{2}F_{4}(2^{2n+1})^{\prime}

,

G
2

⁢

(
q
)

G_{2}(q)

, or

D
4

3

⁢

(
q
)

{}^{3}D_{4}(q)

.
Multi-height metasurface for wavefront manipulation fabricated by direct laser writing lithography
Authors: Ye Fan , Pivnenko Mike , Huang Huiyu , Chang Xin , Robinson Lee , Zheng Youdou , Shi Yi , Chu Daping
Published: July 2023

We introduce two types of dielectric metasurfaces, consisting of 3 × 3 regions, which manipulate wavefront by different feature heights. Both polarization-dependent and polarization-independent metasurfaces are realized for phase depth of 0 ∼ 2π at 1550 nm, with considerable average transmittance of 80.1 and 85.1 %, respectively. The phase modulation capability can be extended over a broadband range of 1460.1–1618.0 nm for optical communications, by carefully designing nanofeature sizes. Moreover, the entire metasurfaces with nanofeatures of varying heights can be fabricated in a single process by using direct laser writing with high-precision, which is beneficial for mass production and promising in developing efficient and ultracompact devices.
Thickness insensitive nanocavities for 2D heterostructures using photonic molecules
Authors: Ji Peirui , Qian Chenjiang , Finley Jonathan J. , Yang Shuming
Published: July 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures integrated into nanophotonic cavities have emerged as a promising approach towards novel photonic and opto-electronic devices. However, the thickness of the 2D heterostructure has a strong influence on the resonance frequency of the nanocavity. For a single cavity, the resonance frequency shifts approximately linearly with the thickness. Here, we propose to use the inherent non-linearity of the mode coupling to render the cavity mode insensitive to the thickness of the 2D heterostructure. Based on the coupled mode theory, we reveal that this goal can be achieved using either a homoatomic molecule with a filtered coupling or heteroatomic molecules. We perform numerical simulations to further demonstrate the robustness of the eigenfrequency in the proposed photonic molecules. Our results render nanophotonic structures insensitive to the thickness of 2D materials, thus owing appealing potential in energy- or detuning-sensitive applications such as cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Done in 65 ms: Express Visuomotor Responses in Upper Limb Muscles in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Cecala Aaron L. , Kozak Rebecca A. , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Corneil Brian D.
Published: July 2023

How rapidly can the brain transform vision into action? Work in humans has established that the transformation for visually-guided reaching can be remarkably rapid, with the first phase of upper limb muscle recruitment, the express visuomotor response, beginning within less than 100 ms of visual target presentation. Such short-latency responses limit the opportunities for extensive cortical processing, leading to the hypothesis that they are generated via the subcortical tecto-reticulo-spinal pathway. Here, we examine whether nonhuman primates (NHPs) exhibit express visuomotor responses. Two male macaques made visually-guided reaches in a behavioral paradigm known to elicit express visuomotor responses in humans, while we acquired intramuscular recordings from the deltoid muscle. Across several variants of this paradigm, express visuomotor responses began within 65 ms (range: 48–91 ms) of target presentation. Although the timing of the express visuomotor response did not co-vary with reaction time, larger express visuomotor responses tended to precede shorter latency reaches. Further, we observed that the magnitude of the express visuomotor response could be muted by contextual context, although this effect was quite variable. Overall, the response properties in NHPs resemble those in humans. Our results establish a new benchmark for visuomotor transformations underlying visually-guided reaches, setting the stage for experiments that can directly compare the role of cortical and subcortical areas in reaching when time is of the essence.
Panji Jayalengkara Angreni: Jalinan Kisah Panji dalam Sastra Tulis dan Kesenian
Authors: Yudhistira Naufal Anggito , Limbong Priscila Fitriasih , Suharjo Rias Antho
Published: July 2023

Panji Jayalengkara Angreni which is one part of the Panji Angreni variety has a close relationship with oral and written traditions. With the existence of multi-layered traditions and a very broad corpus, it is necessary to describe the distribution of traditions, especially in the realm of Javanese culture in Surakarta. Thus, this study aims to reveal the relationship between the oral and written traditions of Panji Jayalengkara Angreni. In revealing this relationship, it is necessary to understand that the manuscript and oral traditions are a unity as a basic foundation. This study uses a qualitative method and is based on a research method that combines manuscript writing traditions and artistic traditions, as was done by Vickers on the Malat text. As a limitation, the search for the corpus of written and oral literature is only focused on the Surakarta tradition, especially those related to oral literature in performing art. The text of Panji Angreni appears in the literary tradition of the northern coast of Java which developed with additions and recompositions. Panji Angreni Palembang as the oldest text shows the form of Panji Angreni which is still much influenced by Old Javanese literature. Panji Angreni developed by being combined with the story of Jayalengkara in the Surakarta era.The relationship between Panji Jayalengkara Angreni's written text and oral text is evident in the realm of wayang, dance, and musical performances. This relationship is not just a one-way relationship, but a reciprocal relationship between written and oral traditions.

Keywords: Panji; oral tradition; written tradition; wayang.
Tingkat Tutur pada Cerkak di Web Page Jawasastra
Authors: Khoiriyah Listiati , Wijayanti Kenfitria Diah , Rahadini Astiana Ajeng
Published: July 2023

Javanese is one of the unique regional languages ​​because it has speech levels which are shown through spoken language in daily life conversations, while forms of written language are usually applied through Javanese literary works. This article aims to analyze the form and factors that cause the occurrence of speech levels used by the characters in cêrkak that represent people's lives. This study was studied using a qualitative descriptive method and analyzed using a sociolinguistic approach in the speech level study. The research data is sourced from documents of speech level that originating from dialogues between characters in five cêrkak on the Jawasastra web page. Research subjects were selected through purposive sampling, while data was collected through document analysis. The data were analyzed with an interactive analysis model through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. In this study, four variations of speech levels were found, including: 12 data of ngoko lugu, 3 data of ngoko alus, 1 data of krama lugu, and 9 data of krama alus. The factors behind the use of each level of speech within the scope of Javanese society are due to differences in levels of education, economy, age, position, familiarity, and heredity.
Kajian Etnososiologi Jawa pada Sastra Anak di Antologi Anak “Meong Lan Arimong"
Authors: Sulaksono Djoko , Rahadini Astiana Ajeng , Fitriana Tya Resta
Published: July 2023

Children's literature will be the main attraction for children to learn about their culture. This study aims to describe: (1) socio-cultural relations; (2) the process of learning culture includes internalization, socialization, and enculturation contained in the anthology of children's stories "Meong lan Arimong". This research is classified as qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive method. The contents of children's stories are discussed using Javanese ethnosociology in the form of social and cultural relations of Javanese families and the process of learning one's own culture. The data used in this research are words, phrases, sentences, and discourses that contain socio-cultural relations, the process of learning culture itself includes internalization, socialization, and enculturation. The data source used is an anthology of children's stories “Meong lan Arimong. The research subjects were taken using purposive sampling. The data collection technique uses document analysis techniques, while the data analysis techniques use interactive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out on the seven selected Jaya Baya magazine crikaks, all of them have: (1) socio-cultural relations caused by the existence of Javanese culture which is raised in each children's story; (2) the process of learning culture itself includes internalization, socialization, and enculturation experienced by the main character and the most prominent socialization process is obtained because it is in that process that reciprocal interactions occur.

Keywords: ethnosociology; childrens stories; children's literature; meong lan arimon
Inventarisasi Cerita Rakyat Nyi Ageng Bakaran Desa Juwana Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Reswari Tamiya Riszia , Nugroho Yusro Edy
Published: July 2023

Protection of oral literature from extinction can be done by an inventory program in the form of transferring texts from oral tradition to written literature. The folklore (legend) of Nyai Ageng Bakaran folklore originates from a village in the Juwana District, Pati Regency, Central Java. This story underlies traditions still carried out by the people of Bakaran Wetan village. This study aims to describe the structure and function of the legend of Nyai Ageng Bakaran. The oral literary tradition will recede with the reduction of actors and supporters of literary activities in society. Folklore inventory is an effort to document oral literature in the context of conservation and protection of folklore sources so that they can be maintained for the future. Data collection techniques use interview techniques and literature studies. Data analysis was carried out by collecting information with triangulation techniques from 3 speakers, voice recordings, and narrative texts in the form of notes from research results and data analysis techniques with the theory of structure and folkloric functions. The results of the research on the structure and function of the legend of Nyai Ageng Bakaran are intrinsic elements in the form of plots that contain the narrative units of this story, characters and characterizations, and the story's setting. Then, the function of legend is in the form of a description of 4 folkloric processes taken from William Bascom's theory, namely function as a projection system, as a tool for attestation of institutions and cultural institutions, as a child education tool (pedagogical device), as a tool of coercion and supervision so that its collective members will always obey the norms of society.

Keywords: folklore; folklore Structure; folklore function; legend
Penggunaan Bahasa Jawa dalam Loka Drama Lara Ati karya Bayu Skak
Authors: Nur Aini Miftah Putri , Lestari Prembayun Miji
Published: July 2023

Language has a very important role in life. Through language, humans can interact with each other both orally and in writing which aims to convey information. The form of interaction is not only in the form of direct communication but can also be in the form of indirect communication. As is the case with the interaction of a film which has the aim of conveying a message to its audience. Of the many films on YouTube, one type of film that is quite interesting is a regional language film, one of which is a Javanese language film. Javanese-language films also have a contribution in an introduction to the culture of a region. One of the newest films that uses Javanese and has language variations is the film Lara Ati by Bayu Skak. This research uses a theoretical approach in the form of a sociolinguistic approach and a methodological approach in the form of a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection technique used is the observing and noting technique. The analysis technique uses a qualitative descriptive technique. The source of the data for this study is the Lara Ati Drama Workshop episodes 1 to 5 which are sourced from YouTube videos. The results of this study are the use of language that appears in the drama workshops in the form of Javanese, a variety of ngoko, krama and also a mix of languages. In addition, the characteristics that appear in the drama scene are language variations, namely dialect, speech level, code-switching and splitting. Based on the results of this study, there were errors in the use of the Javanese language based on the context. In addition, the characteristic forms that emerged were language variations including the Suroboyoan dialect and the ngapak dialect, the speech level of the Javanese language, the variety of ngoko lugu, ngoko alus, and krama lugu, krama alus, code mixing. -code switching, and splitting.

Keywords: sociolinguistics; language variations; use of the Javanese language; lokadrama Lara Ati; Bayu Skak
Struktur dan Fungsi Bahasa Mantra dalam Masyarakat Jawa
Authors: Hartanto Doni Dwi
Published: July 2023

Mantra is a distinctive choice of words, the meaning of which can only be known through in-depth cultural reading based on the culture in which the mantra lives. This study aims to describe the structure and function of the mantra language in Javanese society. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Sources of research data are Javanese mantras collected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by semantic analysis. The validity of the data used is semantic validity with semantic analysis techniques. The results of research on Javanese mantras are as follows: 1) the structure of the spell consists of a title, opening, suggestion, purpose, and conclusion of the spell; 2) the function of the mantra based on the user's purpose is generally divided into individual functions and social functions. The cultural aspects surrounding the spell have certain functions which are believed to have magical powers by the people. In Javanese culture, mantras have a special position in the religious system and public beliefs. The community also believes that each mantra recited has a different function according to the contents of the mantra recited by the speaker.

Keywords: function; Javanese; mantra; structure
Ranah Sumber Binatang dalam Panyandra: Menjadi Cantik ala Orang Jawa
Authors: Kurnia Ermi Dyah , , Suhandano , , Hendrokumoro
Published: July 2023

Panyandra is a form of expression in Javanese which is used to praise someone's beauty or beauty. Panyandra in Javanese society is usually to praise the bride (nyandra manten). Panyandra is a form of metaphor because it has metaphorical components such as the target domain, the source realm and the mapping between the target realm and the source realm. An interesting thing to study is the use of the source domain in panyandra. If panyandra is used to praise the beauty, however, the source realm used as a comparison looks far from beauty. An example is the use of the beast's source realm. Panyandra as a form of metaphor in Javanese can be used as an expression of the human conceptual system in thinking. This is based on the understanding that metaphor can be a reflection of the cognition and culture of a speech community. Thus, this study aims to describe the use of the animal source domain in panyandra as a form of cognitive process to understand the concept of female beauty according to the Javanese view. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data sources are limited to pannyandra. Data collection was carried out using the observing and noting method so that the panyandra was collected in the form of sentences. Next, the data is analyzed to classify panyandra as a metaphor based on the animal source domain and the mapping pattern of the beauty metaphor using the animal source domain. The theoretical framework used as the basis for thinking in this study is a conceptual metaphor; the relationship between language, culture and thought; and analysis of meaning components. The results obtained are that there are various types of animals that are used as source domains, namely insects, wild animals, birds, and reptiles. There is a pattern of mapping relationships between the target domain and the source domain, namely through the properties of both of them are defined socio-culturally, then the two domains are mapped.

Keywords: panyandra; metaphor; the beauty;  Javanese woman; animal lexicon
Understory junipers, and light environment effects on biomass, chemical composition, and nutrient contents of black pine seedlings
Authors: Kara Ferhat , Turfan Nezahat , Alay Mehtap
Published: July 2023

In forest environments, the establishment, survival, and recruitment of seedlings of desired species can often be influenced by biotic interactions between the competing understory shrubs and the seedlings, as well as by the understory light environment. Previous studies regarding competing effects were mostly focused on the survival and growth of seedlings, but it is still largely unclear how competition with shrubs impacts the biomass of the seedlings and physiological traits connected to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in various forest ecosystems. Moreover, there is limited knowledge on the influence of light conditions on the biomass of understory seedlings is limited for different species. The main objectives of this study were to examine the effects of understory junipers and light conditions on the above and belowground biomass of black pine seedlings (Pinus nigra Arnold). This study also examined the changes in chemical composition and plant nutrient contents in the organs of black pine seedlings (i.e., root, stem, and needle) with the presence of junipers in the understory. Seedling biomass was significantly affected by understory light conditions, while the presence of junipers negatively affected the root-biomass of black pine seedlings. Moreover, understory junipers influenced some photosynthetic pigments in black pine seedlings.
Aggregate Risks and Financial Performance: Risk Management Mediator
Authors: Thair Kaddumi , Qiais Al-Kilani , Aldboush Hassan
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to reveal the impact of financial risk management on the performance of Jordanian insurance companies. The study sample consisted of (21) Jordanian insurance companies, all of whom were selected from the Amman Stock Exchange for the period (2009-2018). The study followed descriptive and analytical approach. Multiple regression analysis was also applied to measure the impact of various investments (financial investments, other investments and reinsurance) on the financial performance as measured by the return on equity. - ROE, in addition to measuring the standard deviation of returns for each type of investment to identify the role of macro risk on insurance companies` financial performance. Empirically the results showed that there a statistically significant impact of financial investments, other investments and reinsurance on the financial performance of insurance companies, where other investments reflected the highest degree of significant impact (3.707), and the least in terms of the degree of significant influence was for financial investments (B = 0.205). The results also showed that the returns of financial investments are characterized by a very high degree of variance in term of returns.  The study recommended the need to increase and diversify their investments especially in real estate and certificate of deposit diversifying also, to plan effectively to face high-level risks according to a specific and effective strategy approved by specialized experts in the field of risk management.
The Integration of Community Problem Analysis and Involvement in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Thaochalee Kanjana , Puington Pongpun , Chanruechai Kitisak , Khamhom Chalita
Published: July 2023

As a participatory action research approach, the participatory problem-solving learning process incorporates teaching and learning by applying active learning methodologies and instruments to analyze community problems. The target group comprised 40 people, split into 10 undergraduate students and 30 community leaders, based on quantitative and qualitative data. Active learning methods used in research on learning growth involve students in developmental learning activities. Integrating teaching and learning activities into a suitable community and social development in a tangible manner through a process of practice outside the classroom through community engagement. Participants and researchers collaborate to design teacher-student interactions that emphasize student action and participatory assessment. Students and teachers can collaborate to create a work division planning process, which includes the following steps: work planning, tool study, job description division, operational calendar, coordination, community context study, implementation process, improvement, problem solving, and development of tools to analyze community problems. Research has found that learners learn and develop skills through self-practice, such as going to an area and finding community problems. This was a problem-solving skill practice from real situations in the community, and self-assessment and community assessment in enabling students to discover their own flaws and lead to self-development.
Improving Students’ Attitudes and Conceptual Understanding in Mathematics using Different Teaching Strategies
Authors: Nasayao Roland A. , Lingo Junar T.
Published: July 2023

The study investigated the improvement of different teaching strategies on students' attitudes and conceptual understanding in Grade 11 Mathematics. It used a descriptive-correlational research design, and survey questionnaires were administered to the randomly selected students in the three senior high school classes of Surigao City National High School. Findings revealed that students' attitudes do not vary across the three approaches. Data further showed that the average rating scale of the students in terms of their grades is 86-89, which entails very satisfactory performance. Moreover, the level of students' attitudes is separate from improving conceptual understanding across the three strategies. Students' attitudes and conceptual understanding have no relationship except problem-based learning when compared to conceptual understanding. Hence, teachers' strategies in general math are associated with the student's attitudes toward learning mathematics.