bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Damaged Regions by the Bark Beetle in a Mexican Forest Using UAV Images and Deep Learning
Authors: Godinez-Garrido Gildardo , Gonzalez-Islas Juan-Carlos , Gonzalez-Rosas Angelina , Flores Mizraim U. , Miranda-Gomez Juan-Marcelo , Gutierrez-Sanchez Ma. de Jesus
Published: December 2024

Sustainable forestry for the management of forest resources is more important today than ever before because keeping forests healthy has an impact on human health. Recent advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), computer vision, and Deep Learning (DL) models make remote sensing for Forest Insect Pest and Disease (FIPD) possible. In this work, a UAV-based remote sensing process, computer vision, and a Deep Learning framework are used to automatically and efficiently detect and map areas damaged by bark beetles in a Mexican forest located in the Hidalgo State. First, the image dataset of the region of interest (ROI) is acquired by a UAV open hardware platform. To determine healthy trees, we use the tree crown detection prebuilt Deepforest model, and the trees diseased by pests are recognized using YOLOv5. To map the area of the damaged region, we propose a method based on morphological image operations. The system generates a comprehensive report detailing the location of affected zones, the total area of the damaged regions, GPS co-ordinates, and both healthy and damaged tree locations. The overall accuracy rates were 88% and 90%, respectively. The results obtained from a total area of 8.2743 ha revealed that 16.8% of the surface was affected and, of the 455 trees evaluated, 34.95% were damaged. These findings provide evidence of a fast and reliable tool for the early evaluation of bark beetle impact, which could be expanded to other tree and insect species.
Deciphering and Preserving the Landscape Genes of Handicraft Villages from the Perspective of Production–Living–Ecology Spaces (PLESs): A Case Study of YaoTou Village, Shaanxi Province
Authors: Wei Kexin , Wang Zhaoxing , He Yuxiang , Wang Ziyang
Published: December 2024

The long-term interplay between rural handicraft industries and village development has resulted in imbalances such as the disorder of living spaces, misalignment of production spaces, and ecological space disruptions. Comprehensively analyzing village landscape elements and actively maintaining their coordinated development are the keys to the transformation of handicraft villages. This study firstly introduces the theory of landscape genes and the concept of “Production–Living–Ecology Spaces” (PLESs) and then constructs the identification system of PLES landscape genes. The system starts from the three dimensions of the production, life, and ecology spaces of the village, identifies the landscape elements that have been passed down from generation to generation, and realizes a comprehensive interpretation of the landscape elements of handicraft villages. Using YaoTou Village in Shaanxi Province as a case study, this study illustrates its landscape characteristics, based on the genetic form of PLES landscape genes, using the G1-FCE method to collect evaluation data from both tourists and residents. These data help to identify the genetic status of the PLES landscape genes of YaoTou Village and propose targeted inheritance mechanisms. The results enable the comprehensive identification of production, ecological, and living landscape elements in handicraft villages, evaluating their inheritance status to carry out targeted modern innovative transformation. This study will provide a reference for identifying and preserving the landscape elements of YaoTou Village and more handicraft villages and contribute to rural revitalization.
Analysis of EU’s Coupled Carbon and Electricity Market Development Based on Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Large Model and Implications in China
Authors: Li Yao , Ni Siyuan , Tang Xi , Xie Sizhe , Wang Peng
Published: December 2024

With increasing global attention on carbon emission control and sustainable development, the carbon market has become an important tool for promoting environmental sustainability and carbon emission regulation. As an important part of energy trading, the electricity market is closely related to the carbon market and their effective coupling is critical for achieving sustainable energy transitions. Power generation can effectively link carbon prices and electricity prices. Through the promulgation of reasonable policies, we can promote the coupling of the carbon market and the electricity market, and then, through macro-control, promote the steady and joint development of the carbon and electricity markets, improve the construction of the carbon rights market, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and create a sustainable future for humanity. Given the relative maturity of the EU carbon market and electricity market, this paper identifies key points of market volatility through the coupling coordination model analysis and uses the GPT large model analysis to analyze policy factors that have a greater impact on carbon market and electricity market transactions. The research results show that market-regulating policies and expectation management policies have the greatest impact on the degree of coupling between the carbon and electricity markets. The impact of secondary policies such as international cooperation policies and structural adjustment policies is relatively insignificant. Although the development of China’s carbon market faces many challenges, reasonable policy interventions are expected to achieve significant results in the domestic carbon market. Finally, this paper also draws on analogy analysis to draw corresponding implications for China from the EU’s carbon–electricity coupling policy promulgation.
Integrating Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors for a Sustainable Circular Economy in Thailand
Authors: Chaiya Chitralada , Pinthong Pichate
Published: December 2024

This study fills a significant research gap by examining the factors influencing the circular economy in Thailand, particularly within the context of developing countries. Utilizing regression and correlation analysis, we investigate key environmental and socioeconomic variables: greenhouse gas emissions, forest area percentage, income levels among the poorest 20% of the population, access to electricity, and income inequality. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive integration of these dimensions to identify barriers and sustainable circular economy. Key findings reveal that higher greenhouse gas emissions correlate with increased recycling, underscoring the need for stricter emission controls and cleaner technologies. Conversely, greater forest coverage is associated with reduced recycled waste, highlighting the importance of forest conservation and sustainable land use. Economic disparities significantly impact recycling efforts, necessitating supportive policies for lower-income groups. Increased access to electricity correlates with higher waste generation, emphasizing the need for sustainable consumption practices. Although income inequality correlates with recycling rates, it is not a significant predictor, indicating the necessity for broader economic and environmental policies. This study offers novel, comprehensive recommendations for advancing Thailand’s circular economy. Strategies include implementing emission controls, enhancing forest conservation, promoting economic empowerment, encouraging sustainable consumption, and developing integrated policies. These recommendations aim to address identified challenges and support sustainable growth in alignment with circular economy goals.
Thirty Years of Sustainability Reporting: Insights, Gaps and an Agenda for Future Research Through a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Du Toit Elda
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the progress, key themes, and future directions in sustainability reporting, aiming to identify critical insights, gaps, and research opportunities to enhance its effectiveness and impact. A comprehensive review was conducted, analyzing peer-reviewed articles on the evolution, implementation, and outcomes of sustainability reporting across various sectors and regions over the past thirty years. This review highlights a shift from an initial focus on environmental disclosures to a broader inclusion of social and governance issues. Despite advancements, notable gaps persist, such as the lack of standardized reporting frameworks, challenges in data collection and comparability, and limited understanding of the relationship between sustainability reporting and corporate financial performance. Emerging areas of future research include the need to develop standardized measurement tools tailored to different industries, explore the long-term effects of sustainability reporting on corporate behavior and performance, and investigate effective strategies for stakeholder engagement to enhance the credibility and relevance of sustainability reports. The introduction of IFRS S1 and S2 offers opportunities to address some challenges, but their full impact requires further exploration. This paper synthesizes existing literature, outlines significant challenges, and offers a roadmap for future research that will help scholars, practitioners, and policymakers advance sustainability reporting practices.
A Review of Atmospheric Deterioration and Sustainable Conservation of Calcareous Stone in Historical Buildings and Monuments
Authors: Yan Yu , Wang Yansong
Published: December 2024

Calcareous stones, such as marble and limestone, have been widely used in ancient architecture due to their durability, abundance, and ease of extraction and workability. However, their chemical nature renders them vulnerable to atmospheric pollutants. With industrialization and socio-economic growth, air pollution has severely impacted built heritage, including numerous historical buildings and monuments, particularly under changing climate and environmental conditions. Various forms of degradation, such as acid corrosion, mineral crystallization, and black crusts, are widespread and typically driven by atmospheric pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), ozone (O3), and particulates (PM), which accelerate the deterioration of stone surfaces. To develop sustainable mitigation strategies, it is essential to gain an in-depth understanding of these deterioration mechanisms and current technological advancements. This paper first reviews the influencing factors and underlying mechanisms of atmospheric deterioration of calcareous stones. Subsequently, it discusses the advantages and limitations of traditional and advanced conservation and restoration techniques at the micro-level, as well as pollution management strategies that can be adopted. Finally, the challenges of research in this field are highlighted, and directions for the sustainable conservation of calcareous stones are proposed.
The Impact of Female Director Background on the ESG Performance of Chinese Technology Firms: A Moderating Effect Based on Risk Appetite
Authors: Tong Luning , Chen Maowei
Published: December 2024

As global focus persists on gender variety and corporate social responsibility, the participation and influence of women in corporate governance, particularly their effect on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of corporations, have garnered extensive scrutiny. Given the significant differences between China and the West in terms of institutions and culture, it is highly valuable to explore the unique relationship between gender diversity and ESG performance in the Chinese context, especially in the high-risk and fast-growing technology industry. This study explores the impact of female director background on ESG performance and the moderating effect of risk appetite. The findings suggest that the proportion of female directors has a significant positive impact on the ESG performance of Chinese technology companies. Furthermore, the corporate risk appetite has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the proportion of female directors and ESG performance. Female directors with higher education levels, financial professional background, and long-term tenure can more effectively promote the company’s ESG performance. This study enhances the theoretical framework of corporate governance and ESG studies while also offering innovative guidance for firms to enhance their ESG scores and develop effective risk management strategies.
Efficiency Maximization of Stand-Alone HRES Based on Tri-Level Economic Predictive Technique
Authors: Al-Quraan Ayman , Athamnah Ibrahim , Malkawi Ahmad M. A.
Published: December 2024

Renewable energy has been widely used in grid-connected and standalone hybrid renewable energy systems. These systems require a hybrid energy storage system due to the unpredictable climate and the inequality between the produced energy and the consumed energy. In this paper, a tri-level optimization method is used to optimize the sizing and the energy management of a standalone HRES, simplify the proposed optimization problem, and speed up the convergence process. Horizon prediction and weighting factor strategies are combined with the tri-level technique to find the most appropriate quantity of each element in the project and find the best energy management strategy. The objective function of the proposed methodology aims to minimize the total cost and improve the efficiency of the whole system. The proposed method was investigated on a standalone PV-WT with battery-hydrogen storage in different scenarios. The simulation results from the Matlab toolbox show that the performance indicators (cost and efficiency) are affected by the combination of the weighting factor and the forecasting index. The total productivity was improved by more than 2.5% in some scenarios while the investment cost and the running cost were reduced by values of 49.3% and 28.6%, respectively.
Integrating Scenario Analysis and Participatory Modeling to Generate Plausible Future Narratives for Water Resources: A Case Study in the Middle Rio Grande River Basin
Authors: Salas Katalina , Pennington Deana
Published: December 2024

In addressing complex water management issues, participatory modeling (PM) and scenario analysis (SA) have emerged as pivotal tools for fostering stakeholder engagement, social learning, and collaborative decision-making. This study explores the efficacy of integrating PM and SA within a series of online workshops focused on the Middle Rio Grande River Basin. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, workshop transcripts, and participant outputs from workshop activities. Through these workshops, participants from diverse backgrounds engaged in collaborative scenario-building exercises, interactive discussions, and hands-on simulations using the SWIM 2.0 model, fostering shared learning and deeper insights into regional water challenges. Our findings highlight the importance of group-level activities in enhancing participants’ understanding, engagement, and trust in modeling tools, which can lead to more informed decision-making processes. The workshops demonstrated significant improvements in SA completion and a deeper connection between participants and policy discussions. However, challenges remain in bridging the gap between SA and active decision-making, particularly in contexts where participants do not perceive themselves as decision-makers. This study underscores the potential of participatory approaches to address complex environmental issues, while also identifying areas for further refinement to enhance stakeholder empowerment and tool usability in collaborative settings.
The Impact of Regional Policies on the Efficiency of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Universities: Evidence from China
Authors: Qin Ying , Guo Shouliang
Published: December 2024

The efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in universities is strongly influenced by both institutional structures and policies. However, existing research predominantly emphasizes the role of internal factors—such as resource allocation, management efficiency, personnel systems within universities, and education-sector policies—on innovation efficiency. This focus often overlooks the significant impact of regional factors on innovation outcomes. This study compares and analyzes the scientific and technological innovation efficiency of universities, growth rates, sources of inefficiency, inter-regional disparities, and intra-regional differences between universities in three strategically important regions in China, namely the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, based on their respective regional planning from 2007 to 2017. Additionally, it employs the Tobit model to explore the pathways to improve the scientific and technological innovation efficiency of universities within these three major strategic regions. This study finds that the implementation of targeted regional policies significantly enhances the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in Chinese universities. Furthermore, it reveals that this positive impact also exhibits differences between universities and regions. The promotion effect of targeted regional policies on the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in universities shows a high degree of similarity. In more developed cities, however, the scientific and technological innovation efficiency of universities tends to be lower. Both the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta regions within the three major strategic areas are significantly affected by the negative impact of financial assets, while the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, although affected negatively, is not significant. Moreover, this study uncovers that population density and fixed assets also serve as factors that can enhance the scientific and technological innovation efficiency of universities.
Pulse Electrodeposition for Carbonate-Rich Deposits from Seawater
Authors: Robinson Alexander J. , Ryan Elisabeth A. , Wang Qingpu , Greene David , Subban Chinmayee V.
Published: December 2024

Seawater electrodeposition is gaining renewed interest in the context of sustainable development, both to build climate-resilient coastal infrastructure and for ocean-based decarbonization applications. Most of the applications benefit from CaCO3-rich deposits, but constant-voltage electrodeposition results in a mixture of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2, especially at higher voltages where precipitation rates are more desirable. The use of pulse voltages can help control interfacial pH that dictates the precipitation reactions. Here, we explore the use of pulse electrodeposition as a function of pulse frequency and duty cycle to control deposit composition. The most CaCO3-rich deposits were obtained under 10 Hz frequency and 10% duty cycle conditions for the voltage window investigated (−0.8 V to −1.2 V vs. SCE). While pulsing the voltage increases the amount of CaCO3 deposited, the energy required per gram of CaCO3 is significantly higher (14.5×) when compared to the base case of applying a constant voltage of −0.8 V vs. SCE. Further optimization of pulse conditions, electrode materials, and system configuration could lead to finding parameters that result in exclusively carbonate deposits without compromising precipitation rates, which may prove to be more useful for corrosion protection, coastal infrastructure, and other applications in sustainable development.
Research on Industrial CO2 Emission Intensity and Its Driving Mechanism Under China’s Dual Carbon Target
Authors: Sun Jinfang , Li Wenkai , Zhu Kaixiang , Zhang Mengqi , Yu Haihao , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Guodong
Published: December 2024

As global climate change becomes increasingly severe, industrial CO2 emissions have received increasing attention, but the impact factors and driving mechanisms of industrial CO2 emission intensity remain unclear. Based on panel data from 2010 to 2021 in Shandong Province, a key economic region in eastern China, the industrial CO2 emission intensity under China’s dual carbon target was analyzed using multivariate ordination methods. The results showed that (1) total CO2 emissions from industry are increasing annually, with an average growth rate of 3.74%, and electricity, coal, and coke are the primary sources of CO2 emissions. (2) Total CO2 emissions originated primarily from the heavy manufacturing, energy production, and high energy intensity industry categories, and the CO2 emission intensity of different types of energy increased by 21.24% from 2010 to 2021. (3) CO2 emission intensity is significantly positively correlated with the proportion of high energy intensive industry, energy consumption intensity, and investment intensity and significantly negatively correlated with gross industrial output. In addition, the effects of different types of energy on industrial CO2 emission intensity varied, and coal, coke, electricity, and diesel oil were significantly positively correlated with CO2 emission intensity. Therefore, to reduce the CO2 emission intensity of the industrial sector in the future and to achieve China’s dual carbon target, it is necessary to adjust and optimize the industrial and energy structure, strengthen technological progress and innovation, improve energy utilization efficiency, improve and implement relevant policies for industrial carbon reduction, and then ensure the sustainable development of the economy, society, and environment.
Integrating Circular Supply Chains into Experiential Learning: Enhancing Learning Experiences in Higher Education
Authors: Salinas-Navarro David Ernesto , Palma-Mendoza Jaime Alberto , Vilalta-Perdomo Eliseo
Published: December 2024

This work integrates the circular economy (CE) into experiential learning in higher education, focusing on industrial and systems engineering. It addresses the need for suitable learning experiences and pedagogical strategies to enhance CE and sustainability education in active learning research. Accordingly, this study proposes integrating Kolb’s experiential learning cycle with the ADDIE model into an instructional design framework for reflective and active engagement in learning activities within realistic circular supply chain scenarios. The methodology demonstrates this framework through a case study of an undergraduate module for CE problem-solving, focusing on waste reduction within small and medium enterprises in Mexico City. Based on student surveys and achievement metrics, results show positive student feedback and evaluation results, meeting module targets. This work’s main contribution offers a framework for creating novel experiential learning cases and cultivating sustainability-related and disciplinary learning outcomes. It also recognises valuable links for citizenship commitment, problem-solving, community engagement, and CE education. However, this work acknowledges limitations in complex problem-solving difficulties, a resource-demanding nature, restricted transferability, and the limited evaluation of learning effectiveness. Future research will explore this work’s relevance across Kolb’s learning styles and diverse industries, focusing on student interest and motivation, and evaluating its impact on student outcomes in various educational contexts.
Precise Authentication Watermarking Algorithm Based on Multiple Sorting Mechanisms for Vector Geographic Data
Authors: Zhou Qifei , Ren Na , Zhu Changqing
Published: December 2024

Symmetry-breaking in security mechanisms can create vulnerabilities which attackers may exploit to gain unauthorized access or cause data leakage, ultimately compromising the integrity and security of vector geographic data. How to achieve tamper localization remains a challenging task in the field of data authentication research. We propose a precise authentication watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data based on multiple sorting mechanisms. During the watermark embedding process, a sequence of points is initially extracted from the original data, followed by embedding watermarks into each coordinate point. The embedded watermark information consists of the self-identification and ordering information of each coordinate point. Ordering information is crucial for establishing relationships among points and enhancing tamper localization. During the authentication phase, the extracted watermark information is compared with the newly generated watermark information. Self-identification information is used to authenticate addition attacks, while ordering information is used to authenticate deletion attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves high precision in detecting and localizing both addition and deletion attacks, significantly outperforming the comparison method.
Integrating Telemedicine in Botulinum Toxin Type-A Treatment for Spasticity Management: Perspectives and Challenges from Italian Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Spina Stefania , Facciorusso Salvatore , Cinone Nicoletta , Santoro Luigi , Castagna Anna , Ramella Marina , Molteni Franco , Santamato Andrea , The Collaborative Working Group The Collaborative Working Group
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Telemedicine is a vital tool for enhancing healthcare accessibility and outcomes at reduced costs. This study aimed to assess the usability of the Maia Connected Care telemedicine platform for managing spasticity in patients receiving botulinum toxin type-A, focusing on the perspectives of Italian physiatrists with expertise in this treatment. (2) Methods: Conducted from March 2023 to June 2023, this multicenter survey involved 15 Italian physicians who used the platform for teleconsultations. Data collected included demographic details, responses to the Telemedicine Usability Questionnaire, and physician insights on patient satisfaction, treatment effectiveness, and implementation challenges in telehealth. (3) Results: The platform demonstrated high usability, with strong physician satisfaction due to its user-friendly interface and quality of interactions. A majority expressed willingness to continue telehealth for spasticity management, noting its effectiveness in improving patient satisfaction and outcomes. Challenges included replicating the depth of in-person consultations and addressing issues like reimbursement and telehealth standardization. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights telemedicine’s potential for spasticity management and clinician satisfaction, while underscoring the need for improvements in simulating in-person experiences and addressing systemic issues. The absence of patient perspectives represents a limitation, advocating for future research to optimize telemedicine practices and evaluate long-term clinical impacts.
Chronic Hepatitis B Genotype C Mouse Model with Persistent Covalently Closed Circular DNA
Authors: Seo Deok-Hwa , Hur Wonhee , Won Juhee , Han Ji-Won , Yoon Seung-Kew , Bae Songmee , Kim Kyun-Hwan , Sung Pil-Soo
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause chronic infections, significantly increasing the risk of death from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A key player in chronic HBV infection is covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), a stable episomal form of viral DNA that acts as a persistent reservoir in infected hepatocytes and drives continuous viral replication. Despite the development of several animal models, few adequately replicate cccDNA formation and maintenance, limiting our understanding of its dynamics and the evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions targeting cccDNA. In this study, we aimed to develop a mouse model to investigate cccDNA formation and maintenance. We infected C57BL/6 mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) carrying a 1.3-overlength HBV genome (genotype C) and collected liver tissue at various time points to assess cccDNA levels and viral replication. Our results demonstrated the successful establishment of a chronic hepatitis B mouse model using rAAV-HBV1.3, which supported persistent HBV infection with sustained cccDNA expression in hepatocytes. Serum levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were elevated for up to 12 weeks, while alanine transaminase (ALT) levels remained within the normal range, indicating limited liver damage during this period. We confirmed HBV DNA expression in hepatocytes, and importantly, cccDNA was detected using qPCR after Plasmid-Safe ATP-Dependent DNase treatment, which selectively removes non-cccDNA forms. Additionally, Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of cccDNA isolated using the Hirt extraction method. This established model provides a valuable platform for studying the long-term maintenance of cccDNA in chronic HBV infection and offers an important tool for testing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting cccDNA.
Vaccination Coverage for Medically Indicated Vaccines in a Convenience Sample of Severely Immunocompromised Patients with COVID-19: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: te Linde Elsemieke , Hensgens Marjolein P. M. , Vollaard Albert M. , Verbon Annelies , Bruns Anke H. W.
Published: December 2024

Background: In recent decades, the number of immunocompromised patients (ICPs) has increased significantly. ICPs have an impaired immune system, making them susceptible to complicated infections. To protect them from infections, ICPs are eligible to receive several medically indicated vaccines. To obtain insight into the uptake of these medically indicated vaccines, we determined the coverage of these vaccines in ICPs. Methods: This observational cohort study was conducted at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands, from September 2021 to April 2022. All adult ICPs admitted for COVID-19 were asked to complete a questionnaire on their vaccination history (pneumococcal, herpes zoster, human papillomavirus vaccination, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccines) and history of vaccine-preventable infections. In addition, patients’ vaccination history was reviewed in medical files. Results: A total of 115 patients completed the questionnaire and were included. Although all patients had an indication for pneumococcal vaccination, only 22 received it (19%). Coverage for herpes zoster was low (1%, 1/106 eligible patients). Coverage for human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV) was also low (40%, two out of five eligible patients). In contrast, 92% of patients received vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, and 77% of patients received seasonal influenza vaccination. Conclusions: Although coverage for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination was high in ICPs, coverage for other medically indicated vaccines was low. Identifying which factors contributed to high COVID-19 and influenza vaccine uptake can help to improve vaccination rates for the other recommended vaccines. Clear guidelines for clinicians and the removal of organizational obstacles are needed to improve vaccination coverage.
Turbidity Currents Carrying Shallow Heat Invading Stable Deep-Water Areas May Be an Unrecognized Source of “Pollution” in the Ocean
Authors: Tian Hao , Xu Guohui , Zhao Jingtao , Ren Yupeng , Wu Hanru
Published: December 2024

When turbidity currents carrying shallow heat enter stable stratified lakes or oceans, they can trigger changes in temperature, dissolved chemicals, oxygen concentrations, and nutrient mixing through the stable stratified environmental water. Although it is common for warm turbidity currents to invade stable regions, the impact of turbidity current characteristics on environmental entrainment and the impact of temperature changes caused by the mixing of warm turbidity currents with the environment remains poorly understood. In this study, systematic experiments on warm turbidity currents were conducted to understand how sediment-driven turbidity currents lead to mixing in stable stratification using existing environmental entrainment numbers. The experimental results show that the dimensionless numbers Rs (the ratio of the change in environmental water concentration caused by salinity to sediment load), RT (the ratio of the change in environmental water concentration caused by temperature difference to sediment load), and R0 (non-dimensional density ratio) control the flow process of warm turbid plumes, and corresponding functional relationships are summarized. The frequent occurrence of warm turbidity currents events caused by increasingly prominent environmental problems cannot be ignored, as it directly affects the deep-water environment of lakes or coastal oceans, which may be an important contribution to heat transfer that has not been evaluated in previous ocean events.
Study on the Characteristics and Attribution Analysis of Runoff Changes in the Zuli River Basin of Northwest China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Na , Lu Xiaoxia , Shu Heping , Li Haolin , Xu Zhi , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2024

The consequence of climatic change and anthropogenic environmental modifications is a notable diminution in runoff across arid and semi-arid regions. For the sustainable management of regional water resources, it is crucial to comprehend the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic factors on runoff patterns. The Zuli River was designated as the study area for this study, and the Mann–Kendall test, double cumulative curve method, slope change ratio of cumulative quantity method, and elasticity coefficient method were employed to identify mutation points and to quantify the relative impacts of climatic variation and human activities on runoff. The results revealed a statistically insignificant downward trend in mean annual precipitation, a significant declining trend in runoff, and an evident increasing trend in potential evapotranspiration and temperature between the years 1957 and 2019. The analysis revealed that the point of sudden change in runoff at Huining station occurred in 1992, whereas the mutation point at Guo Chengyi station was identified in 1985 and that at Jingyuan station in 1995. The contribution of climate change to runoff was found to range from 28.7% to 58.5%, while the contribution of human activities to runoff ranged from 41.5% to 71.3%, based on different methodologies. Therefore, human activities were recognized as the main factor affecting the variations in runoff within the Zuli River Basin, while climate change acts as a secondary contributor. The results of the study hold considerable importance for enhancing the scientific understanding of hydrological processes within the basin and for guiding regional water administration strategies.
A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Mainstream Multiphase Models for Aerated Flow on Stepped Spillways
Authors: Yang Fan , Dong Zongshi , Da Jinrong , Wang Junxing
Published: December 2024

A systematic comparative evaluation of mainstream multiphase models for specific hydraulic structures is essential to investigate aerated flow characteristics and promote the models’ application. However, such evaluations remain scarce. In this paper, four multiphase models, namely the VOF, Mixture, and Eulerian models in Ansys Fluent and the aerated flow model in FLOW-3D (AFM-F3D), were comparatively introduced and tested for the aerated flow over stepped spillways. Simulation results, including water surface profiles, inception points of aeration, air concentrations, velocities, and turbulent kinetic energies from four models, are compared with each other and with available experimental data. It is discovered that both the VOF and Mixture models fail to reproduce the self-aeration and subsequent downward transport phenomenon. In contrast, AFM-F3D and the Eulerian models predict reliable aerated water surface profiles. AFM-F3D and the Eulerian model demonstrate superior performance in velocity and air concentration calculations, respectively. Based on overall performance, the Eulerian model is recommended for simulating aerated stepped spillway flows. These insights provide valuable guidance for selecting appropriate multiphase models based on specific engineering requirements.
Comparison of UV/PAA and VUV/PAA Processes for Eliminating Diethyl Phthalate in Water
Authors: Dong Feilong , Cheng Jiayi , Cheng Yifeng , Ma Xiaoyan
Published: December 2024

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a commonly utilized plasticizer that has gained significant attention due to its widespread occurrence in the environment and its harmful impact on human health. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare several (ultraviolet) UV-(peracetic acid) PAA advanced oxidation processes based on hydroxyl radicals to degrade DEP. The effect of UV-LEDs incorporating PAA at different UV ranges (UV-A, λ = 365 nm; UV-C, λ = 254 nm and VUV, λ = 254 nm) was evaluated. The results demonstrated that DEP was successfully degraded in both the UVC/PAA (removal rate 98.28%) and VUV/PAA (removal rate 97.72%) processes compared to the UVA/PAA process (removal rate of 2.71%). The competitive method evaluated the contribution of R-O•, which were 24.08% and 33.92% in UVC/PAA and VUV/PAA processes, respectively. We also evaluated the effects of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) dosages, UV irradiation, pH and anion coexistence on the removal of DEP. In the UVC/PAA system, DEP degradation was particularly effective (removal rate about 95.52%) over a wider pH range (3–9). As the concentration of HCO3− ions increased, there may have been some inhibition of DEP removal. The inhibitory effect of HA and Cl− ions on DEP removal were negligible. Analysis of the intermediates revealed that DEP degradation primarily occurred via two pathways: hydrolysis and hydroxylation reactions. This study presents a potential mnethod for the removal of phthalates and offers some guidance for the selection of appropriate disinfection technologies in drinking water treatment.
A Study on the Flow Measurement Performance of the Plate Flowmeter and Its Effect on Channel Flow Velocity Distribution
Authors: Sun Yi , Deng Zhong , Lv Mouchao , Jia Xiaomeng , Zhang Wenzheng , Wang Yingying
Published: December 2024

The plate flowmeter offers a novel method for water flow measurement in small channels. Characterized by its simple construction, absence of siltation, and consistent relationship between the deflection angle and flow rate, this device possesses significant potential. Our study, employing rigorous experimental techniques, validated that the gate-hole outflow calculation model is effectively applicable to this plate flowmeter. Additionally, our research investigated the device’s impact on flow velocity distribution. Our findings reveal that the plate flowmeter can be effectively combined with the sluice gate outflow model. It has been verified that the maximum relative error is 14.57%, the minimum relative error is 0.35%, and most relative errors are below 10%. Both water level and flow rate contribute to the flat plate device’s relative head loss, with water level exerting a more significant effect. At various points along the channel, the plate flowmeter affects flow velocity distribution differently. Upstream, the device minimally impacts vertical flow velocity distribution, resulting in steady velocity changes. Conversely, downstream, the flat plate flow meter significantly alters flow velocity distribution, prompting redistribution that persists until 1.26 m downstream, where device influence ceases. These insights offer a solid theoretical foundation for enhancing the structural design of the plate flowmeter, thus improving its overall performance and efficacy.
Pengembangan Media E- Counseling Berbasis Website Bagi Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari
Authors: Muhita Fharanita , Sindring Abdullah , Buchori Syahril
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengembangkan media e-counseling berbasis website bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1). Bagaimana gambaran kebutuhan pengembangan media e-counseling berbasis website bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari? (2) Bagaimana prototype media e-counseling berbasis website bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari ? (3) Bagaimana validitas dan kepraktisan media e-counseling berbasis website bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas MuhammadiyahKendari? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui : (1) Gambaran kebutuhan pengembangan media e-counseling berbasis website bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari (2) Prototype media e-counseling berbasis website bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari (3) validitas dan kepraktisan media e-counseling berbasis website bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (RnD) dengan model pengembangan Borg and Gall yang dimodifikasi oleh peneliti. Subjek penelitian ini adalah subjek pada analisis kebutuhan, subjek pada uji validitas dan analisis angket kepraktisan. Jenis instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah data analisis kebutuhan, data validitas dan data kepraktisan. Teknik Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis angket kebutuhan, analisis angket validitas dan analisis angket kepraktisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media e-counseling berbasis website dan buku panduan yang dikembangkan telah valid dan praktis untuk digunakan dalam pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan dan konseling pada Fakultas Keguruan dan IlmuPendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, berdasarkan uji akseptabilitas yang meliputi kegunaan, kelayakan dan ketepatan.
Efektifitas Bimbingan Kelompok Menggunakan Teknik Role Playing Untuk Meningkatkan Empati Pada Siswa SMP Islam Al-Azhar Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Zainuddin M , Wibowo Dwi Endrasto , Karmana I Wayan , Nofisulastri Nofisulastri
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas bimbingan kelompok dengan menggunakan teknik role playing untuk meningkatkan empati siswa di SMP Islam Al-Azhar tahun pelajaran 2023/2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen. Penentuan subyek penelitian atau responden dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan random assignment pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Islam Al-Azhar. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan wawancara serta Analisis data menggunakan rumus t-test. Hasil uji one way ANOVA dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai F sebesar 16.145 dengan nilai p < 0.01, sehingga Ho ditolak atau ada perbedaan yang berarti antar setiap kelompok eksperimen. Uji keefektifan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini secara garis besar adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai dampak intervensi layanan bimbingan kelompok menggunakan teknik role playing untuk meningkatkan empati siswa. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik role playing efektik untuk meningkatkan empati siswa SMP Islam Al-Azhar tahun pelajaran 2023/2024.
Plasma Metabolite Profiles Between In-Center Daytime Extended-Hours and Conventional Hemodialysis
Authors: Takami Norito , Okazaki Masaki , Ozeki Takaya , Imaizumi Takahiro , Nishibori Nobuhiro , Kurasawa Shimon , Hishida Manabu , Akiyama Shin'ichi , Saito Rintaro , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Kasuga Hirotake , Kaneda Fumika , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Protein-energy wasting, characterized by disordered body protein catabolism resulting from metabolic and nutritional derangements, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Extended-hours hemodialysis (≥6 h per treatment session) offers both enhanced removal of uremic solutes and better fluid management, generally allowing more liberalized dietary protein and calorie intake. This study aimed to evaluate the difference in plasma metabolite profiles among patients receiving in-center daytime extended-hours hemodialysis and those receiving conventional hemodialysis.

Methods:

Pre-dialysis plasma samples were obtained from 188 patients on extended-hours hemodialysis (21.9 h/week) and 286 patients on conventional hemodialysis (12.1 h/week) in Japan in 2020 using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Group differences were compared for 117 metabolites using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with multiple comparisons and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Additionally, propensity score-adjusted multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate group differences for known uremic toxins, branched-chain amino acids, and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (a possible surrogate marker of mitochondrial dysfunction).

Results:

Significant differences were observed in 39 metabolites, largely consistent with the high variable importance for prediction in partial least squares discriminant analysis. Among known uremic toxins, uridine and hypoxanthine levels were significantly higher in the conventional hemodialysis group than in the extended-hours hemodialysis group, whereas trimethylamine N-oxide levels were higher in the extended-hours hemodialysis group than in the conventional hemodialysis group. Patients on extended-hours hemodialysis had higher levels of all branched-chain amino acids and a lower lactate-to-pyruvate ratio than those on conventional hemodialysis (significant difference of –8.6 [95% confidence interval, –9.8 to –7.4]).

Conclusions:

Extended-hours hemodialysis was associated with a more favorable plasma metabolic and amino acid profile; however, concentrations of most uremic toxins did not significantly differ from those of conventional hemodialysis.
Câhiliye'den Kur'ân'ın Nüzûlüne ve Mütekaddimûn Döneme: İlim Kavramının Tarihsel Dönüşümü
Authors: Kavurmacıoğlu Selma , Şen Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Câhiliye dönemi, Kur'ân’ın nüzûl süreci ve ardından teşekkül eden Mütekaddimûn dönemi İslâm toplumlarında “ilim” kavramının tarihsel seyrini ele alacaktır. Çalışma, Kur'ân’ın ilim anlayışının yalnızca dünya hayatına dair malûmatla sınırlı kalmadığını; insanın Allah’ı tanımasına, yaratılışın hikmetini kavramasına, varoluşun anlamını idrak etmesine ve manevî tekâmülüne rehberlik eden bir nitelik kazandığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, Câhiliye dönemindeki ilim anlayışıyla İslâm'daki ilim anlayışı karşılaştırıldığında, İslâm’ın ilme verdiği ulvî değerin toplumsal yapıyı nasıl köklü bir şekilde dönüştürdüğü ve medeniyetin gelişimine nasıl yön verdiği açıkça görülecektir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak ilim kavramının etimolojik tahlili yapılacak ve Câhiliye döneminde ilim kavramının hangi anlamlarda kullanıldığı, o döneme ait şiirler üzerinden tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Daha sonra, Kur'ân’ın nüzûl sürecinde vahyin sunduğu ilim anlayışından bahsedilecek; bu anlayış âyetlerle örneklendirilecektir. Aynı süreçte, Hz. Peygamber’in ilim anlayışının nasıl şekillendiği, hadislerle ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca, İslâm medeniyetinin yükselme döneminde vahiy temelli ilim anlayışının, Gazzâlî, Farâbî ve İbn Sînâ gibi düşünürler tarafından nasıl zenginleştirildiği ele alınacaktır. Son olarak, Câhiliye dönemi ile İslâm’daki ilim anlayışları, ilmin kaynağı, kapsamı ve amacı açısından karşılaştırılacak; bu farklılıkların topluma yansıması değerlendirilecek ve Câhiliye toplumunda şâirlerin, İslâm toplumunda ise âlimlerin üstlendikleri roller mukayese edilecektir. Bu konular, bir makalenin sınırları dâhilinde ele alınacağından, her bir başlık kapsamlı bir inceleme yerine genel bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilecektir.