bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alleviating the Intestinal Absorption of Rhein in Rhubarb through Herb Compatibility in Tiaowei Chengqi Tang in Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Peng Ying , Fan Min , Peng Chongsheng , Wang Mengyue , Li Xiaobo
Published: January 2018

Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (TWCQT) is composed of rhubarb, processed liquorice, and Natrii Sulfas, which is used as a purgative in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study focused on the intestinal absorption of rhein in disassembly of the TWCQT extracts through the Caco‐2 cell monolayer model to explicate the possible detoxification mechanism of herb‐herb compatibility in TWCQT. The results showed that the intestinal absorption of rhein occurred through active diffusion, and rhein might be composed of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrates. The extract of processed liquorice increased the exclusion rate and reduced intracellular uptake of rhein. The consistent results observed in TWCQT further implied that processed liquorice in TWCQT could suppress the absorption of rhein across the Caco‐2 cell monolayer. It has therefore been concluded that the active ingredients of processed liquorice may play a critical role in reducing the intestinal absorption of rhein to alleviate the toxicity of rhubarb in TWCQT. Because of BCRP’s involvement in rhein transport, we conjectured that some components in processed liquorice could inhibit the transport of rhein, possibly by mediating BCRP. These results would provide new insight into this ancient drug combination in toxicity reduction and clinical use.
Conservation Status of the Family Orchidaceae in Spain Based on European, National, and Regional Catalogues of Protected Species
Authors: de la Torre Llorente Daniel
Published: January 2018

This report reviews the European, National, and Regional catalogues of protected species, focusing specifically on the Orchidaceae family to determine which species seem to be well-protected and where they are protected. Moreover, this examination highlights which species appear to be underprotected and therefore need to be included in some catalogues of protection or be catalogued under some category of protection. The national and regional catalogues that should be implemented are shown, as well as what species should be included within them. This report should be a helpful guideline for environmental policies about orchid’s conservation in Spain, at least at the regional and national level. Around 76% of the Spanish orchid flora are listed with any figure of protection or included in any red list, either nationally (about 12–17%) or regionally (72%).
Needle-Knife Fistulotomy for the Rescue: An Unusual Cause of Iatrogenic Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Ulmer Laura L. , Jha Lokesh K. , Bhogal Neil , Kapur Saurabh , Chandan Saurabh , Eichele Derrick , Bhat Ishfaq , Singh Shailender
Published: January 2018

A 71-year-old male presented to our institution with cholestatic hepatitis after having recently undergone upper endoscopy for treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Further investigation with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a hemostatic clip on the ampulla of Vater. After initial attempts at cannulation of the common bile duct were unsuccessful, biliary decompression was achieved by use of needle-knife fistulotomy. A common bile duct stent was placed and the liver function tests improved prior to discharge.
Serum Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Dengue Fever at the Acute Infection Phase
Authors: Huang Junyuan , Liang Weiwen , Chen Shaoyan , Zhu Ye , Chen Haiming , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Zhou Yingchun
Published: January 2018

Background. Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted by mosquito and has been circulating in Guangdong, China, for over 30 years. Dengue infection causes mild to severe disease symptoms in human. Cytokine profiles were suggested to be crucial especially during the acute stage in the dengue infection. Aim. To determine the cytokine profiles at the acute stage in patients with primary or secondary dengue infection in Guangzhou city in the 2014 outbreak. Methods. We investigated 23 inflammatory cytokines in serum collected from dengue-infected patients and analyzed their correlations with their clinical indexes. Results. The concentrations of CXCL9, IP-10, CXCL11, IL-8, IL-10, and CCL2 in serum were significantly higher in the groups of DENV-infected patients during the first two weeks than those of control group while CCL17 and CXCL5 showed lower expression level in the patients. Among these cytokines, CXCL9, CCL17, and CXCL5 showed statistical difference between the groups of primary and secondary infections. The platelet count and lactate dehydrogenase were correlated with the level of CCL17 and MIP-1α/CXCL5, respectively, in the group of secondary infection. Conclusions. We determined the cytokine profiles in serum of the patients during the 2014 dengue outbreak. The expression of specific cytokines was associated with the secondary infection.
Optical Spectra Properties and Continuous-Wave Laser Performance of Tm,Y:CaF2 Single Crystals
Authors: Ding Jingxin , Zhao Beibei , Ma Weiwei , Yu Hao , Qian Xiaobo , Kong Lingchen , Wang Jingya , Xie Guoqiang , Wu Anhua , Zeng Fanming , Su Liangbi
Published: January 2018

3 at.% Tm, x at.% Y:CaF2 crystals (x=0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3) were grown by the vertical Bridgman method and investigated. Codoping Y3+ ions can manipulate the local structure of Tm3+ ions in the CaF2 crystal and then improve the spectroscopic properties. Compared with 3 at.% Tm:CaF2, 3 at.% Tm, 3 at.% Y:CaF2 crystal has several advantages. Firstly, the absorption cross section is improved from 0.35 × 10−20 cm−2 to 0.45 × 10−20 cm−2 at 767 nm, and the fluorescence intensity had elevated 3.4 times. Secondly, the linewidth of the fluorescence spectrum and lifetime also increased from 164 nm to 191 nm and from 6.16 ms to 8.15 ms at room temperature, respectively. Furthermore, quantum efficiency improved from 58.2% to 80.3%. The maximum laser output power of 583 mW and slope efficiency of 25.3% were achieved in 3 at.% Tm, 3 at.% Y:CaF2 crystal under 790 nm diode pumping.
An 8-Year-Old Child with Delayed Diagnosis of Netherton Syndrome
Authors: Leung Alexander K. C. , Barankin Benjamin , Leong Kin Fon
Published: January 2018

We report an 8-year-old boy with Netherton syndrome who was misdiagnosed and treated as severe atopic dermatitis. The diagnosis of Netherton syndrome was not made until the child was 8 years of age. We discuss the pitfalls in the diagnosis and alert physicians to the proper and early diagnosis of this syndrome. The child was treated with a low dose (0.25 mg/kg) of oral acitretin and a topical moisturizer with marked improvement of his skin and pruritus in 2 months. At 6-month follow-up, the skin was almost clear of erythema and scaling, and the hair was longer and stronger. The dose of acitretin was reduced to 0.12 mg/kg for another 6 months and then discontinued.
Structural Basis for pH-Dependent Oligomerization of Dihydropyrimidinase fromPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1
Authors: Cheng Jen-Hao , Huang Chien-Chih , Huang Yen-Hua , Huang Cheng-Yang
Published: January 2018

Dihydropyrimidinase, a dimetalloenzyme containing a carboxylated lysine within the active site, is a member of the cyclic amidohydrolase family, which also includes allantoinase, dihydroorotase, hydantoinase, and imidase. Unlike all known dihydropyrimidinases, which are tetrameric, pseudomonal dihydropyrimidinase forms a dimer at neutral pH. In this paper, we report the crystal structure ofP. aeruginosadihydropyrimidinase at pH 5.9 (PDB entry 5YKD). The crystals ofP. aeruginosadihydropyrimidinase belonged to space groupC2221with cell dimensions ofa = 108.9,b = 155.7, andc = 235.6 Å. The structure ofP. aeruginosadihydropyrimidinase was solved at 2.17 Å resolution. An asymmetric unit of the crystal contained four crystallographically independentP. aeruginosadihydropyrimidinase monomers. Gel filtration chromatographic analysis of purifiedP. aeruginosadihydropyrimidinase revealed a mixture of dimers and tetramers at pH 5.9. Thus,P. aeruginosadihydropyrimidinase can form a stable tetramer both in the crystalline state and in the solution. Based on sequence analysis and structural comparison of the dimer-dimer interface betweenP. aeruginosadihydropyrimidinase andThermussp. dihydropyrimidinase, different oligomerization mechanisms are proposed.
HER2 Overexpression Triggers an IL1α Proinflammatory Circuit to Drive Tumorigenesis and Promote Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Liu Shou , Lee Ji Shin , Jie Chunfa , Park Min Ho , Iwakura Yoichiro , Patel Yogin , Soni Mithil , Reisman David , Chen Hexin
Published: January 2018

Systemic inflammation in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis, but the molecular underpinnings of this connection are not well understood. In this study, we explored the relationship between HER2 overexpression, inflammation, and expansion of the mammary stem/progenitor and cancer stem–like cell (CSC) population in breast cancer. HER2-positive epithelial cells initiated and sustained an inflammatory milieu needed to promote tumorigenesis. HER2 induced a feedforward activation loop of IL1α and IL6 that stimulated NFκB and STAT3 pathways for generation and maintenance of breast CSC. In mice, Il1a genetic deficiency delayed MMTV-Her2–induced tumorigenesis and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression as well as CSC in primary tumors. In clinical specimens of human breast tumor tissues, tissue microarray analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between IL1α/IL6 expression and CSC-positive phenotype. Pharmacologic blockade of IL1α signaling reduced the CSC population and improved chemotherapeutic efficacy. Our findings suggest new therapeutic or prevention strategies for HER2-positive breast cancers.

Significance: IL1α signaling driven by HER2 promotes chronic inflammation needed to support cancer stem-like cell maintenance in HER2-positive breast cancers. Cancer Res; 78(8); 2040–51. ©2018 AACR.
Factors Associated with False Positive Results on Screening Mammography in a Population of Predominantly Hispanic Women
Authors: McGuinness Julia E. , Ueng William , Trivedi Meghna S. , Yi Hae Seung , David Raven , Vanegas Alejandro , Vargas Jennifer , Sandoval Rossy , Kukafka Rita , Crew Katherine D.
Published: January 2018

Background: Potential harms of screening mammography include false positive results, such as recall breast imaging or biopsies.

Methods: We recruited women undergoing screening mammography at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York. They completed a questionnaire on breast cancer risk factors and permitted access to their medical records. Breast cancer risk status was determined using the Gail model and a family history screener. High risk was defined as a 5-year invasive breast cancer risk of ≥1.67% or eligible for BRCA genetic testing. False positive results were defined as recall breast imaging (BIRADS score of 0, 3, 4, or 5) and/or biopsies that did not yield breast cancer.

Results: From November 2014 to October 2015, 2,361 women were enrolled and 2,019 were evaluable, of whom 76% were Hispanic and 10% non-Hispanic white. Fewer Hispanic women met high-risk criteria for breast cancer than non-Hispanic whites (18.0% vs. 68.1%), but Hispanics more frequently engaged in annual screening (71.9% vs. 60.8%). Higher breast density (heterogeneously/extremely dense vs. mostly fat/scattered fibroglandular densities) and more frequent screening (annual vs. biennial) were significantly associated with false positive results [odds ratio (OR), 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32–2.04 and OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.70–2.80, respectively].

Conclusions: We observed that women who screened more frequently or had higher breast density were at greater risk for false positive results. In addition, Hispanic women were screening more frequently despite having a lower risk of breast cancer compared with whites.

Impact: Our results highlight the need for risk-stratified screening to potentially minimize the harms of screening mammography. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 446–53. ©2018 AACR.
Genome-Wide Association Studies in Glioma
Authors: Kinnersley Ben , Houlston Richard S. , Bondy Melissa L.
Published: January 2018

Since the first reports in 2009, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying germline variants associated with glioma susceptibility. In this review, we describe a chronological history of glioma GWAS, culminating in the most recent study comprising 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls. We additionally summarize associations at the 27 glioma-risk SNPs that have been reported so far. Future efforts are likely to be principally focused on assessing association of germline-risk SNPs with particular molecular subgroups of glioma, as well as investigating the functional basis of the risk loci in tumor formation. These ongoing studies will be important to maximize the impact of research into glioma susceptibility, both in terms of insight into tumor etiology as well as opportunities for clinical translation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 418–28. ©2018 AACR.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Genome-Wide Association Studies in Cancer.”
Common Genetic Variation and Breast Cancer Risk—Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Lilyquist Jenna , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Vachon Celine M. , Couch Fergus J.
Published: January 2018

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States, with up to 30% of those diagnosed displaying a family history of breast cancer. To date, 18% of the familial risk of breast cancer can be explained by SNPs. This review summarizes the discovery of risk-associated SNPs using candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including discovery and replication in large collaborative efforts such as The Collaborative Oncologic Gene-environment Study and OncoArray. We discuss the evolution of GWAS studies, efforts to discover additional SNPs, and methods for identifying causal variants. We summarize findings associated with overall breast cancer, pathologic subtypes, and mutation carriers (BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2). In addition, we summarize the development of polygenic risk scores (PRS) using the risk-associated SNPs and show how PRS can contribute to estimation of individual risks for developing breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 380–94. ©2018 AACR.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Genome-Wide Association Studies in Cancer.”
Association of USP10 with G3BP2 Inhibits p53 Signaling and Contributes to Poor Outcome in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Takayama Ken-ichi , Suzuki Takashi , Fujimura Tetsuya , Takahashi Satoru , Inoue Satoshi
Published: January 2018

Ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10) is known to deubiquitylate its target proteins, mainly to enhance their stabilities. USP10 maintains p53 protein levels and controls epigenetic changes induced by the androgen receptor (AR). GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 2 (G3BP2), an androgen-responsive gene, is known as the main component of stress granules (SG) that interacts with USP10 in SGs. This study explores the roles of USP10 in prostate cancer progression in p53, G3BP2, and AR signaling. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequence analysis, it was found that USP10 is transcriptionally induced with AR recruitment to an intronic region. Furthermore, USP10 regulates androgen-mediated signaling and cell growth. USP10 maintained G3BP2 protein stability by reducing polyubiquitylation. G3BP2-dependent growth activation and p53 nuclear export that reduced p53 signaling were repressed by USP10 knockdown. Clinically, USP10 was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer tissues. High levels of USP10 expression were strongly correlated with high levels of AR, G3BP2, and p53 in the cytoplasm. High expression of USP10 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. Taken together, USP10 has a repressive effect on p53 signaling for cell growth by regulating G3BP2 expression. These findings highlight an important oncogenic aspect of USP10 through its modulation of the p53–G3BP2 complex and AR signaling in prostate cancer.

Implications: These findings elucidate the oncogenic role of USP10 in prostate cancer through an increase in G3BP2 protein that inhibits p53 activity, in addition to the promotion of AR signaling. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 846–56. ©2018 AACR.
The Transcription Factor AP4 Promotes Oncogenic Phenotypes and Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating LAPTM4B Expression
Authors: Wang Lu , Meng Yue , Xu Jian-Jun , Zhang Qing-Yun
Published: January 2018

Lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane-4 beta (LAPTM4B) is a novel oncogene, whose overexpression is involved in cancer occurrence and progression. However, the mechanism of LAPTM4B transcriptional regulation remains unclear. In this study, the results of transcription factor (TF) profiling plate arrays indicated that AP4 was a potential transcription factor regulating LAPTM4B expression. LAPTM4B was positively correlated with AP4 and they were both associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay assays confirmed that AP4 directly bound to the polymorphism region of LAPTM4B promoter and modulated its transcription. Functionally, AP4 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and assisted drug resistance in part through upregulation of LAPTM4B. Taken together, these findings identify LAPTM4B as a direct AP4 target gene and the interaction of AP4 and LAPTM4B plays an important role in breast cancer progression.

Implications: This study demonstrates that AP4 promotes cell growth, migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance through upregulation of LAPTM4B expression, thus representing an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 857–68. ©2018 AACR.
Prognostic Significance of PD-L1+ and CD8+ Immune Cells in HPV+ Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Solomon Benjamin , Young Richard J. , Bressel Mathias , Urban Damien , Hendry Shona , Thai Alesha , Angel Christopher , Haddad Afaf , Kowanetz Marcin , Fua Tsien , Corry June , Fox Stephen , Rischin Danny
Published: January 2018

Human papilloma virus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) represents a distinct subgroup of head and neck cancers associated with clinical outcomes that are not accurately categorized by existing tumor–node–metastasis-based staging methods. Given the significant impact of immune parameters, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in many cancers, we sought to determine if immunophenotyping tumors can improve categorization of HPV+ OPSCCs for prognostic purposes. In a cohort of 190 patients with HPV+ OPSCC, we quantified and determined the localization of CD8+ TILs, as well as PD-L1–expressing tumor cells (TC) and immune cells (IC). The prognostic significance of these parameters on overall survival (OS) was evaluated, and their contribution to existing prognostic models was determined. High CD8+ TIL abundance (≥30% on stromal or intratumoral ICs) was seen in 61.3% patients and was associated with improved OS [HR, 0.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2–0.9; P = 0.017]. Although the expression of PD-L1 on TC was not prognostic, high expression of PD-L1 on ≥5% of intratumoral ICs was found in 38.5% patients and was significantly associated with improved OS (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.93; P = 0. 023). Both high intratumoral IC PD-L1 expression and abundant CD8+ TILs in HPV+ OPSCCs identify subgroups of patients with excellent outcomes and provide additional prognostic information beyond existing staging systems. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 295–304. ©2018 AACR.
The Heterogeneity of Prostate Cancer: A Practical Approach
Authors: Tolkach Yuri , Kristiansen Glen
Published: January 2018

Prostate cancer is a paradigm tumor model for heterogeneity in almost every sense. Its clinical, spatial, and morphological heterogeneity divided by the high-level molecular genetic diversity outline the complexity of this disease in the clinical and research settings. In this review, we summarize the main aspects of prostate cancer heterogeneity at different levels, with special attention given to the spatial heterogeneity within the prostate, and to the standard morphological heterogeneity, with respect to tumor grading and modern classifications. We also cover the complex issue of molecular genetic heterogeneity, discussing it in the context of the current evidence of the genetic characterization of prostate carcinoma; the interpatient, intertumoral (multifocal disease), and intratumoral heterogeneity; tumor clonality; and metastatic disease. Clinical and research implications are summarized and serve to address the most pertinent problems stemming from the extreme heterogeneity of prostate cancer.
Post-Operative Iron Carboxymaltose May Have an Effect on Haemoglobin Levels in Cardiothoracic Surgical Patients on the ICU - an Observational Pilot Study about Anaemia Treatment with Intravenous Iron
Authors: Peters Frank , Eveslage Maria , Gallitz Inka , Wempe Carola , Meybohm Patrick , Van Aken Hugo K. , Steinbicker Andrea U.
Published: January 2018

Background: Post-operative anaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Positive effects of post-operative intravenous iron (IVI) after elective orthopaedic, abdominal and genitourinary surgery have been reported. The current observational trial investigated the prevalence of post-operative anaemia, the effect of IVI on haemoglobin levels, the use of blood transfusions and diagnoses related to infections. Methods: 1,265 patients on five ICUs of Münster University Hospital were screened for post-operative anaemia. On one ICU, patients were screened for iron deficiency and, if indicated, supplemented with 500 mg of ferric carboxymaltose. Primary outcome measures were haemoglobin levels, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, transfusion requirements, documented infection and antibiotic treatment. Results: Anaemia was prevalent in 86.2% of patients upon ICU admission. 429 patients were screened for iron deficiency anaemia. 95 patients were eligible, 35 were treated with IVI. An increase of +0.4 g/dl in Hb levels 7 days after IVI compared to -0.1 g/dl in non-treated anaemic patients was observed. The number of RBC transfusions, ICD codes related to infections and infectious parameters were similar between groups. Conclusions: IVI treatment was safe and resulted in higher median Hb levels. Randomized controlled trials are required to support the hypotheses of this study.
Increased Serum Leptin Levels in New-Onset, Untreated Female Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Positively Associated with Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Du Ying , Yang Sheng-Hua , Li Sha , Zhao Xi , Zhang Yan , Sun Di , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Wu Na-Qiong , Guo Yuan-Lin , Xu Rui-Xia , Qing Ping , Gao Ying , Sun Jing , Li Jian-Jun
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Previous studies have suggested that leptin was associated with atherosclerosis and involved in inflammation. Gender differences between leptin and inflammatory markers have been evaluated less in untreated patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: In this study, a total of 394 consecutive Chinese patients who received coronary artery angiography were enrolled, including 243 patients with CAD and 151 non-CAD controls. The baseline clinical characteristics were collected and serum leptin levels were determined using ELISA. Results: The relation of serum leptin levels to inflammatory markers was found only in female patients. Leptin and white blood cell count (WBCC) as well as its subsets were significantly higher in female patients than female controls. In female patients, leptin was positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.28, p = 0.016), WBCC (r = 0.261, p = 0.02), neutrophil, r = 0.268, p = 0.018, and monocyte, r = 0.228, p = 0.044. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that leptin was significantly and independently associated with CRP (β = 0.317, p = 0.004), WBCC (β = 0.278, p = 0.020), neutrophil (β = 0.262, p = 0.032), and monocyte (β = 0.245, p = 0.032). Conclusions: The serum leptin levels were higher in female patients and independently associated with CRP, WBCC, and its subsets, suggesting a potential interaction between leptin and inflammation in female CAD patients.
The Synergy of Endotoxin and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan, from Gut Translocation, Worsens Sepsis Severity in a Lupus Model of Fc Gamma Receptor IIb-Deficient Mice
Authors: Issara-Amphorn Jiraphorn , Surawut Saowapha , Worasilchai Navaporn , Thim-uam Arthid , Finkelman Malcolm , Chindamporn Ariya , Palaga Tanapat , Hirankarn Nattiya , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Leelahavanichkul Asada
Published: January 2018

We investigated the influence of spontaneous gut leakage upon polymicrobial sepsis in a lupus model with Fc gamma receptor IIb-deficient (FcGRIIb-/-) mice aged 8 and 40 weeks, as representing asymptomatic and symptomatic lupus, respectively. Spontaneous gut leakage, determined by (i) the presence of FITC-dextran, (ii) elevated serum endotoxin, and (iii) elevated serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), was demonstrated in symptomatic lupus but not in the asymptomatic group. In parallel, spontaneous gut leakage, detected by elevated serum BG without fungal infection, was demonstrated in patients with active lupus nephritis. Gut leakage induced by dextran sulfate solution (DSS) or endotoxin administration together with BG or endotoxin alone, but not BG alone, enhanced the severity of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis more prominently in 8-week-old FcGRIIb-/- mice. Additionally, the bone marrow-derived macrophages of FcGRIIb-/- mice produced higher cytokine levels when coexposed to endotoxin and BG, when compared to wild-type mice. In summary, spontaneous gut leakage was demonstrated in symptomatic FcGRIIb-/- mice and the induction of gut permeability worsened sepsis severity. Gut translocation of endotoxin and BG had a minor effect on wild-type mice, but the synergistic effect of BG and endotoxin was prominent in FcGRIIb-/- mice. The data suggest that therapeutic strategies addressing gut leakage may be of interest in sepsis conditions in patients with lupus.
Key Proteins Involved in Spheroid Formation and Angiogenesis in Endothelial Cells After Long-Term Exposure to Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Dittrich Anita , Grimm Daniela , Sahana Jayashree , Bauer Johann , Krüger Marcus , Infanger Manfred , Magnusson Nils E.
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Cardiovascular complications are common in astronauts returning from a prolonged spaceflight. These health problems might be driven by complex modulations of gene expression and protein synthesis in endothelial cells (ECs). Studies on the influence of microgravity on phenotype, growth pattern and biological processes of ECs can help to understand these complications. Methods: We exposed ECs (EA.hy926) to a Random Positioning Machine (RPM). Proteins associated with cell structure, angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction were investigated in distinct pools of multicellular spheroids (MCS), adherent cells (AD) and tubular structures (TS) formed after a 35-day RPM-exposure. Results: Combining morphological and molecular approaches, we found AD, MCS and TS with changes in the synthesis and release of proteins involved in three-dimensional growth. Fibronectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNAs and protein contents were elevated along with an increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) proteins in the culture supernatant as determined by multianalyte profiling technology. Together they form a network of interaction. Conclusions: These results show that a prolonged RPM-exposure of ECs induced TS and MCS formation. The factors VEGF, NGAL, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, fibronectin and RANTES seem to be affected when gravity is omitted.
O "obrador" do judeu Cresques Abraham. Um estudo sobre a cartografia medieval Maiorquina (século XIV)
Authors: Nogueira Magali Gomes
Published: January 2018

A partir de dados do cotidiano da comunidade judaica existente na ilha de Maiorca durante o século XIV, produtora de grande parte dos exemplares remanescente da cartografia medieval convencionada como Portulano, entre eles o Manuscrito Espagnol 30, mais conhecido como Atlas catalão, o presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender a forma organizacional que permitiu esta produção assim como os tipos de materiais e conhecimentos necessários para sua execução e se essa organização produtiva pode embasar o conceito de escola cartográfica maiorquina, frequentemente utilizado pelos historiadores da cartografia. A expressão obrador, na Catalunha medieval, abrange o espaço em que a matéria prima é transformada, não compreendendo apenas um local individual, mas, na maioria das vezes, vários espaços contíguos que viabilizam várias etapas da produção.
Iniciativas Locais e Mobilização por Escolas Primárias em São Paulo, 1830-1889
Authors: Colistete Renato Perim
Published: January 2018

O artigo mostra como pais e moradores organizaram-se em diversas regiões da província de São Paulo e submeteram petições aos seus representantes locais e ao legislativo provincial requerendo a instalação de escolas, desde as primeiras décadas do Império. As câmaras municipais e, na década de 1880, os conselhos de instrução reforçaram a demanda local por ensino primário. Em meio a condições particularmente desfavoráveis, as evidências de mobilização por escolas públicas ganham um significado especial e levantam dúvidas sobre as perspectivas que, nos séculos XIX e XX, rejeitaram a viabilidade do autogoverno local devido à alegada incapacidade do “povo” de intervir na esfera pública de forma consequente.
Dos projetos integracionistas europeus ao Congresso Anfictiônico do Panamá
Authors: Pereira Júnior Paulo Alves
Published: January 2018

Resenha do livro: REZA, Germán A. de la. A invenção da paz: da República cristã do duque de Sully à Federação das Nações de Simón Bolívar. Tradução de Jorge Adelqui Cáceres Fernández e André Figueiredo Rodrigues. São Paulo: Humanitas, 2015, 178 p.
Vernacular Marxism: Proletarian Readings in Russian Poland around the 1905 Revolution
Authors: Marzec Wiktor
Published: January 2018

The article seeks to fill a lacuna in Marxist scholarship concerning the actually-existing Marxism of politically-mobilised workers as an organic philosophy in its own right. To shed light on this issue, I investigate the reading-material which stimulated Marxist conversion and the accompanying intellectual invigoration of workers at the turn of the twentieth century in Russian Poland. For proletarian readers Marxism was the main political language, ushering them into the public sphere and allowing them to comprehend the emerging capitalist world. As a particular liaison of scientific knowledge and a practical political weapon, it allowed its adherents to redefine themselves and make political claims. Such a situational Marxism, drawing from but not reducible to the prevailing ‘orthodoxy’, allows one to see the latter as a socially diverse plethora of ideas.
Optimizing Data Reduction Procedures in Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectroscopy with Applications to Planetary Surface Analogs
Authors: Egan Miles Jacob , Angel S. Michael , Sharma Shiv K.
Published: January 2018

A spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) is a variant of a Michelson interferometer in which the mirrors of a Michelson are replaced with two stationary diffraction gratings. When light enters the SHRS, it is reflected off of diffraction gratings at frequency-dependent angles that produce crossed wavefronts in space that can be imaged using a plane array detector. The crossed wavefronts, which represent a superposition of interference fringes, are converted to a Raman spectrum upon applying a Fourier transform. In this work, a new approach to intensity calibration is discussed that originates from modeling the shot noise produced by the SHRS and converting the real noise to idealized white noise as predicted by theory. This procedure has two effects. First, the technique produces Raman spectra with white noise. Second, when the mean of the noise is normalized to one, the technique produces Raman spectra where the intensity axis is equivalent to signal-to-noise ratio. The data reduction technique is then applied to the measurement of materials of interest to the planetary science community, including minerals and inorganic salts, at a distance of 5 m from the collecting optic.
Multiwavelength Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Superficial Iron–Chromium Oxides Generated Using Laser Irradiation
Authors: Ortiz-Morales Martin , Soto-Bernal Juan Jose , Frausto-Reyes Claudio , Acosta-Ortiz Sofia E. , Gonzalez-Mota Rosario , Rosales-Candelas Iliana
Published: January 2018

In order to characterize iron–chromium oxides generated by laser irradiation on the surface of stainless steel plates, an ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) near-infrared (NIR) multiwavelength excitation Raman analysis has been performed using both austenitic SS304 and ferritic SS430 stainless steel samples. Raman spectra were obtained using five different excitation wavelengths from blue (455 nm) to NIR (830 nm). These measurements have allowed us to observe and identify four Raman bands, among which two have not been previously observed for iron–chromium oxides, and characterize the existence of different resonant excitation conditions for the different excitation wavelengths. For example, when using 455 nm as excitation wavelength the band at 485 cm−1 did not show up, although that when using 830 nm as excitation wavelength is a clear characteristic band for iron–chromium oxide. In addition, the dependence of the spectra profile with the excitation wavelength for films and microspheres features was observed. This experimental Raman analysis shows the importance of the excitation wavelength for the characterization of metallic oxides with different features.
Having a Regular Primary Care Provider Is Associated With Improved Markers of Well-Being Among Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Rubinstein Max , Ruest Stephanie , Amanullah Siraj , Gjelsvik Annie
Published: January 2018

We examined the association between having a regular primary care physician (PCP) and measures of flourishing and academic success in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Children aged 6 to 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD were included in the study (n = 8173). The exposure was whether the guardian identified a regular PCP for their child. The outcomes were parental-reported measures of child well-being and academic performance. Among the study population, 8.9% reported no regular PCP. These children were found to be significantly less likely to finish assigned tasks (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35-0.79), care about school (adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38-0.92), and finish homework (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36-0.88). There were no differences in other examined outcomes. Enhancing longitudinal care for this population may optimize their academic performance.
ASD Screening Measures for High-Ability Youth With ASD: Examining the ASSQ and SRS
Authors: Cederberg Charles D. , Gann Lianne C. , Foley-Nicpon Megan , Sussman Zachary
Published: January 2018

High-ability youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) historically have been neglected within samples validating ASD screening measures, and consensus for what constitutes high ability has not been established. The Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) are two common screening tools for ASD used within research and practice settings. We investigated the accuracy of the ASSQ and SRS for ASD identification among a sample of 23 high-ability youth previously diagnosed with ASD. Results suggest both ASSQ and SRS measures inconsistently screened for ASD. The high-ability students with ASD scored significantly lower on the SRS total score and social cognition, communication, and motivation subscales, suggesting potential phenotypic differences among high-ability youth with ASD that could inform assessment and intervention strategies.
Perspectives of Decision-Making for Corneal Donation: A Qualitative Research Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Kuo Su-Ching , Chou Pi-Ling , Liao Yu-Chien , Chen Yun-Fang , Cheng Ju-Fen , Sun Jia-Ling
Published: January 2018

This study investigates the subjective experiences of terminal cancer patients who expedite their corneal donation decisions. The percentage of cancer patients who donate their corneas postmortem is low in Taiwan. The reasons are complex and needs further exploration. A qualitative design using content analysis was used. A semistructured interview approach was adopted to interview cancer patients recruited from a cancer ward in northern Taiwan. The study findings show that the factors contributing to an aversive preference of cancer patients included the necessity to consider the emotions of family members, traditional perceptions, religious reasons, disease, and no reason at all. Most cancer patients maintain a negative stance toward corneal donation. The results obtained in the present study can be used as a reference for future in-service education and promotional efforts regarding corneal donation. Discussing cornea donation needs to become a routine end-of-life care discussion.
The Politics of Hidden Policy: Feedback Effects and the Charitable Contributions Deduction
Authors: Russell Kelly L.
Published: January 2018

Policy feedback, or the process in which policies create constituencies vested in their maintenance, is a durable feature of the American welfare state. Scholars have shown that policy visibility conditions how feedback effects unfold: for public-private policies—arrangements in which the state delegates service provision to private actors, often described as “hidden” or “submerged”—policy feedback typically galvanizes not citizens but market actors that benefit indirectly from these subsidies. This article extends theories of public-private policy feedback from market actors to charitable organizations through a case study of the charitable contributions deduction. The deduction’s incremental expansion is found to have mobilized charities as powerful stakeholders in the policy’s endurance. Charities’ efforts to protect the deduction, together with the efforts of lawmakers, have couched the policy in a politics of neoliberalism and disguised its effects, insulating it from reform even as elites have netted a greater share of its benefits over time.
Effect of Motion Perception on Intertemporal Choice Is Associated With the Altered Time Perception
Authors: Li Xianchun , Yuan Di , Fan Ying , Yan Chao , Gao Liangcai
Published: January 2018

Intertemporal choice refers to the choice between receiving a small immediate reward or a large delayed one. Previous studies have indicated that time perception plays a critical role in the intertemporal choice, and it could be affected by the features of the target stimulus in the time reproduction task, such as speed of movement and state of motion. However, there is no evidence about whether backward or forward motion perception could alter the intertemporal choice. Thus, in our current study, 29 participants were asked to perform two tasks in a random order. One was the intertemporal choice task after viewing videos containing moving elements with forward/backward directions as well as stationary ones, and another was the time perception task. We found that the discounting rate in intertemporal choice was significantly larger in backward motion condition than in both forward motion and stationary conditions, indicating that backward motion perception made participants more myopic (specifically, more likely to choose the smaller immediate reward instead of the large delayed one) during their decision-makings. Meanwhile, participants overestimated the temporal duration in a time perception task in backward motion condition compared to the other two conditions. Furthermore, the Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the changes of the intertemporal choice induced by backward motion perception could be associated with the altered time perception. As far as we know, we provide the first evidence on influence of motion perception on the intertemporal choice as well as its possible cognitive correlates, which extend previous studies on cognitive basis of the intertemporal choices.
Rural to urban migration and distributive justice in contemporary China
Authors: Zhang Zhuoni , Yeung Jerf W K , Yeun Kim Tae
Published: January 2018

This paper examines perceptions of micro justice and macro justice in contemporary China, focusing on comparisons among rural–urban migrants, urban locals and rural villagers. It puts forward three possibilities concerning distributive justice among rural–urban migrants relative to other groups, based on the social position hypothesis, reference group hypothesis, and subjective mobility hypothesis. Data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey largely support the reference group hypothesis. Rural–urban migrants are significantly more likely than urban locals to view their income level and society as fair, and the difference in perceived fairness of own income between the two groups varies by income level. Rural villagers and rural–urban migrants hold similar views on micro justice and macro justice. This paper contributes to the existing literature by suggesting that: (1) socio-economic status is not necessarily positively associated with favorable views of the current distributive system; and (2) social comparisons may play a more important role.
Communicative ethnocide and Alevi television in the Turkish context
Authors: Emre Cetin Kumru Berfin
Published: January 2018

The attempted coup in Turkey in July 2016 provided a justification for the Turkish government to silence oppositional voices in the media and close down many television stations. Though the stated aim was to clamp down on the pro-coup Gulenist movement, the closure of TV channels has resulted in what I call a ‘communicative ethnocide’ silencing Alevi television in particular. Following Yalcinkaya, who builds on Clastres concept of ethnocide, I define ‘communicative ethnocide’ as the annihilation of the communicative capacity of a particular community by the state with the aim of destroying that community’s cultural identity. Although the closure of TV stations was not confined to Alevi channels, it has particular implications for the Alevi community by destroying its communicative capacity, infrastructure, relations with the viewers, and representation regime which are driven by the community’s political ambitions and attempts to sustain transnational connections. Parallels are drawn between Alevi and Kurdish TV to illustrate the Turkish context.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis after Oral Hepatotoxicant Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: McDyre B. Claire , AbdulHameed Mohamed Diwan M. , Permenter Matthew G. , Dennis William E. , Baer Christine E. , Koontz Jason M. , Boyle Molly H. , Wallqvist Anders , Lewis John A. , Ippolito Danielle L.
Published: January 2018

The past decade has seen an increase in the development and clinical use of biomarkers associated with histological features of liver disease. Here, we conduct a comparative histological and global proteomics analysis to identify coregulated modules of proteins in the progression of hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. We orally administered the reference chemicals bromobenzene (BB) or 4,4′-methylenedianiline (4,4′-MDA) to male Sprague-Dawley rats for either 1 single administration or 5 consecutive daily doses. Livers were preserved for histopathology and global proteomics assessment. Analysis of liver sections confirmed a dose- and time-dependent increase in frequency and severity of histopathological features indicative of lipid accumulation after BB or fibrosis after 4,4′-MDA. BB administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency and severity of inflammation and vacuolation. 4,4′-MDA administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency and severity of periportal collagen accumulation and inflammation. Pathway analysis identified a time-dependent enrichment of biological processes associated with steatogenic or fibrogenic initiating events, cellular functions, and toxicological states. Differentially expressed protein modules were consistent with the observed histology, placing physiologically linked protein networks into context of the disease process. This study demonstrates the potential for protein modules to provide mechanistic links between initiating events and histopathological outcomes.
Shell middens and human technologies as a historical baseline for the Chesapeake Bay, USA
Authors: Jansen Alex
Published: January 2018

The Chesapeake Bay has an archaeological record that dates from the Paleoindian period to the early 20th century. In this paper, the research and analysis of artifact technologies recovered from six radiocarbon (14C) dated shell middens located at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Maryland is provided. This paper demonstrates the ways in which the use of artifact analysis and 14C dating can provide information on human use of coastal resources, settlement-subsistence patterns, and serve as a tool to document sites threatened by coastal processes. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the ways in which the analysis of technologies from shell midden sites can be used to help guide contemporary oyster and other fisheries and natural resources management, restoration, conservation, and sustainability issues in the Chesapeake and other coastal areas.
Habitus emerging: The development of hybrid logics and collaborative business models in the Irish craft beer sector
Authors: Drakopoulou Dodd Sarah , Wilson Juliette , Bhaird Ciáran Mac an , Bisignano Angelo P.
Published: January 2018

This article analyses data from 25 Irish craft beer entrepreneurs supplemented by associated web and press material, to explore how habitus emerges in a nascent entrepreneurial field. Welter’s frame of entrepreneurial contexts – business, social, spatial and institutional – is combined with Bourdieusian theory to explain the emergence of habitus. Findings show that emerging habitus is enacted through hybridisation of diverse global and local field logics, via the adoption, development and extension of their logics. It is also path-dependent on the life and career histories of a critical mass of habitus members, previously exposed to these fields. The study shows both local and global strategies of collective resource sharing – a novel approach to tackling the resource paucity typically faced by partitioned specialists facing large-scale generalists.