bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine landscape
Authors: Walkinshaw Donald R. , Wright Meghan E. E. , Mullin Anne E. , Excler Jean-Louis , Kim Jerome H. , Steer Andrew C.
Published: February 2023

Recent efforts have re-invigorated the Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) vaccine development field, though scientific, regulatory and commercial barriers persist, and the vaccine pipeline remains sparse. There is an ongoing need to accelerate all aspects of development to address the large global burden of disease caused by the pathogen. Building on over 100 years of S. pyogenes vaccine development, there are currently eight candidates on a product development track, including four M protein-based candidates and four candidates designed around non-M protein antigens. These candidates have demonstrated proof of concept for protection against S. pyogenes in preclinical models, one has demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in a Phase 1 trial and at least four others are poised to soon enter clinical trials. To maintain momentum, the Strep A Vaccine Global Consortium (SAVAC) was established to bring together experts to accelerate global S. pyogenes vaccine development. This article highlights the past, present and future of S. pyogenes vaccine development and emphasizes key priorities, and the role of SAVAC, in advancing the field.
Carbohydrate fatty acid monosulphate: oil-in-water adjuvant enhances SARS-CoV-2 RBD nanoparticle-induced immunogenicity and protection in mice
Authors: Nanishi Etsuro , Borriello Francesco , Seo Hyuk-Soo , O’Meara Timothy R. , McGrath Marisa E. , Saito Yoshine , Chen Jing , Diray-Arce Joann , Song Kijun , Xu Andrew Z. , Barman Soumik , Menon Manisha , Dong Danica , Caradonna Timothy M. , Feldman Jared , Hauser Blake M. , Schmidt Aaron G. , Baden Lindsey R. , Ernst Robert K. , Dillen Carly , Yu Jingyou , Chang Aiquan , Hilgers Luuk , Platenburg Peter Paul , Dhe-Paganon Sirano , Barouch Dan H. , Ozonoff Al , Zanoni Ivan , Frieman Matthew B. , Dowling David J. , Levy Ofer
Published: February 2023

Development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that protect vulnerable populations is a public health priority. Here, we took a systematic and iterative approach by testing several adjuvants and SARS-CoV-2 antigens to identify a combination that elicits antibodies and protection in young and aged mice. While demonstrating superior immunogenicity to soluble receptor-binding domain (RBD), RBD displayed as a protein nanoparticle (RBD-NP) generated limited antibody responses. Comparison of multiple adjuvants including AddaVax, AddaS03, and AS01B in young and aged mice demonstrated that an oil-in-water emulsion containing carbohydrate fatty acid monosulphate derivative (CMS:O/W) most effectively enhanced RBD-NP-induced cross-neutralizing antibodies and protection across age groups. CMS:O/W enhanced antigen retention in the draining lymph node, induced injection site, and lymph node cytokines, with CMS inducing MyD88-dependent Th1 cytokine polarization. Furthermore, CMS and O/W synergistically induced chemokine production from human PBMCs. Overall, CMS:O/W adjuvant may enhance immunogenicity and protection of vulnerable populations against SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious pathogens.
Symplectic superposition solutions for free in-plane vibration of orthotropic rectangular plates with general boundary conditions
Authors: Hu Zhaoyang , Du Jingyu , Liu Mingfeng , Li Yihao , Wang Zixuan , Zheng Xinran , Quoc Bui Tinh , Li Rui
Published: February 2023

This work reports new analytic free in-plane vibration solutions for orthotropic non-Lévy-type rectangular plates, i.e., those without two opposite edges simply supported, by the symplectic superposition method (SSM), which has never been applied to in-plane elasticity problems in any existing works. Such analytic solutions are not accessible through conventional analytic methods as seeking analytic solutions that meet both the governing partial differential equations and various non-Lévy-type boundary conditions is an acknowledged challenge in mechanical analysis of plates. The clamped and free plates are considered as two most representative cases of non-Lévy-type plates. The SSM is implemented in the Hamiltonian system-based symplectic space, where the separation of variables and the symplectic eigen expansion prove to be well-grounded. These two mathematical treatments are adopted to first gain the analytic solutions of two elementary problems. The final analytic free in-plane vibration solutions are obtained by superposition of the two elementary problems. Comprehensive new natural frequencies and vibration modes are studied and validated by reference solutions from the finite element method or other approaches. The rigorous solution procedure, fast convergence, and highly accurate results render the present framework capable of serving as benchmarks for future comparison and applicable to analytic investigation of more plate problems.
Adjusting time-of-day and depth of fishing provides an economically viable solution to seabird bycatch in an albacore tuna longline fishery
Authors: Gilman Eric , Evans Tom , Pollard Iain , Chaloupka Milani
Published: February 2023

Marine megafauna exposed to fisheries bycatch belong to some of the most threatened taxonomic groups and include apex and mesopredators that contribute to ecosystem regulation. Fisheries bycatch is a major threat to the conservation of albatrosses, large petrels and other pelagic seabirds. Using data sourced from a fisheries electronic monitoring system, we assessed the effects of the time-of-day and relative depth of fishing on seabird and target species catch rates for a Pacific Ocean pelagic longline fishery that targets albacore tuna with an apparently high albatross bycatch rate. Using a Bayesian inference workflow with a spatially-explicit generalized additive mixed model for albacore tuna and generalized linear mixed regression models both for combined albatrosses and combined seabirds, we found that time-of-day and fishing depth did not significantly affect the target species catch rate while night-time deep setting had > 99% lower albatross and total seabird catch rates compared to both deep and shallow partial day-time sets. This provides the first evidence that night-time setting in combination with fishing deep reduces seabird catch risk and may be commercially viable in this and similar albacore tuna longline fisheries. Findings support evidence-informed interventions to reduce the mortality of threatened seabird bycatch species in pelagic longline fisheries.
Performance of novice versus experienced surgeons for dental implant placement with freehand, static guided and dynamic navigation approaches
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Shujaat Sohaib , Meeus Jan , Shaheen Eman , Legrand Paul , Lahoud Pierre , Gerhardt Maurício do Nascimento , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: February 2023

Lack of evidence exists related to the investigation of the accuracy and efficacy of novice versus experienced practitioners for dental implant placement. Hence, the following in vitro study was conducted to assess the accuracy of implant positioning and self-efficacy of novice compared to experienced surgeons for placing implant using freehand (FH), pilot drill-based partial guidance (PPG) and dynamic navigation (DN) approaches. The findings revealed that DN significantly improved the angular accuracy of implant placement compared with FH (P < 0.001) and PPG approaches (P < 0.001). The time required with DN was significantly longer than FH and PPG (P < 0.001), however, it was similar for both novice and experienced practitioners. The surgeon’s self-confidence questionnaire suggested that novice practitioners scored higher with both guided approaches, whereas experienced practitioners achieved higher scoring with PPG and FH compared to DN. In conclusion, implant placement executed under the guidance of DN showed high accuracy irrespective of the practitioner’s experience. The application of DN could be regarded as a beneficial tool for novices who offered high confidence of using the navigation system with the same level of accuracy and surgical time as that of experienced practitioners.
Usability of a mobile application for health professionals in home care services: a user-centered approach
Authors: Manzano-Monfort Griselda , Paluzie Guillermo , Díaz-Gegúndez Mercedes , Chabrera Carolina
Published: February 2023

The use of mobile devices by healthcare professionals has led to rapid growth in the development of mobile healthcare applications designed to improve healthcare services. This study was conducted to assess the acceptability and usability of a mobile application for health professionals in relation to their work in hospitalization at home. A mixed methods approach was used. Acceptance, included the satisfaction of the professionals, attitudes toward using the application, and intention or willingness to continue using the application. Usability tests were performed in laboratory analyzing five controlled clinical tasks, and the interaction of the participants with the mobile application was based on the six basic facial expressions published by the American Psychological Association. Perceived satisfaction was assessed using the computer system usability questionnaire. Thirty-two participants completed the task scenarios and questionnaire. More than 90 per cent of participants were able to complete the tasks with only some difficult with vital signs. Satisfaction had a score of 6.18/7 (SD: 0.76), and recommendation of the mobile application had a score of 6.21/7 (SD: 0.81). This study showed a significant usability and acceptability of this mobile application, in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.
Association of p-phenylenediamine exposure with alterations of pulmonary function, pruritus and health-related quality of life in hair dye factory workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Meibian , Zeng Qiang , Lin Dafeng , Zhang Naixing
Published: February 2023

P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common component of hair dye, which can cause skin contact allergy and asthma with impaired pulmonary function. However, the adverse effects of occupational exposure to different dose PPD was rarely mentioned. We recruited 124 workers from a hair dye factory to explore the association of occupational PPD exposure on pulmonary function, pruritus and health related quality of life (HRQL). We categorized exposure to PPD into 3 levels: lower exposure group (< 0.00001 mg/m3); middle exposure group (0.00001–0.00033 mg/m3); higher exposure group (0.00033–0.047 mg/m3). The HRQL and subjective pruritus of the workers were assessed by the short form 36 health survey (SF-36) and Visual analogue scale (VAS) of pruritus, respectively. In the high PPD-exposed group, the percentage of FEV1 (FEV1%) was lower in higher exposure group compared with lower exposure group. The FEV1/FVC was also lower in comparison to the higher exposure and middle exposure groups (p < 0.05). PPD levels were negatively correlated with vitality and mental health (p < 0.01). The structural equation model showed the positive effects of PPD on VAS level (β = 0.213,p < 0.001), and indicated partly negtive effects of PPD on total score of SF-36 (β = − 0.465,p = 0.002), respectively. Our results indicate that occupational exposure to PPD might be associated with pulmonary function impairment, poor HRQL, and subjective pruritus of the workers.
Diagnosis of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing Fusarium wilt of chickpea using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and conventional end-point PCR
Authors: Achari Saidi R. , Mann Ross C. , Sharma Mamta , Edwards Jacqueline
Published: February 2023

Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is ubiquitous in soil and forms a species complex of pathogenic and putatively non-pathogenic strains. Pathogenic strains cause disease in over 150 plant species. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc) is a major fungal pathogen causing Fusarium wilt in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum). In some countries such as Australia, Foc is a high-priority pest of biosecurity concern. Specific, sensitive, robust and rapid diagnostic assays are essential for effective disease management on the farm and serve as an effective biosecurity control measure. We developed and validated a novel and highly specific PCR and a LAMP assay for detecting the Indian Foc race 1 based on a putative effector gene uniquely present in its genome. These assays were assessed against 39 Fo formae speciales and found to be specific, only amplifying the target species, in a portable real-time fluorometer (Genie III) and qPCR machine in under 13 min with an anneal derivative temperature ranging from 87.7 to 88.3 °C. The LAMP assay is sensitive to low levels of target DNA (> 0.009 ng/µl). The expected PCR product size is 143 bp. The LAMP assay developed in this study was simple, fast, sensitive and specific and could be explored for other Foc races due to the uniqueness of this marker to the Foc genome.
Use of the speckle imaging sub-pixel correlation analysis in revealing a mechanism of microbial colony growth
Authors: Balmages Ilya , Liepins Janis , Auzins Ernests Tomass , Bliznuks Dmitrijs , Baranovics Edgars , Lihacova Ilze , Lihachev Alexey
Published: February 2023

The microbial colony growth is driven by the activity of the cells located on the edges of the colony. However, this process is not visible unless specific staining or cross-sectioning of the colony is done. Speckle imaging technology is a non-invasive method that allows visualization of the zones of increased microbial activity within the colony. In this study, the laser speckle imaging technique was used to record the growth of the microbial colonies. This method was tested on three different microorganisms: Vibrio natriegens, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the speckle analysis system is not only able to record the growth of the microbial colony but also to visualize the microbial growth activity in different parts of the colony. The developed speckle imaging technique visualizes the zone of “the highest microbial activity” migrating from the center to the periphery of the colony. The results confirm the accuracy of the previous models of colony growth and provide algorithms for analysis of microbial activity within the colony.
Total and regional appendicular skeletal muscle mass prediction from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition models
Authors: McCarthy Cassidy , Tinsley Grant M. , Bosy-Westphal Anja , Müller Manfred J. , Shepherd John , Gallagher Dympna , Heymsfield Steven B.
Published: February 2023

Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, frailty, and cachexia have in common skeletal muscle (SM) as a main component of their pathophysiology. The reference method for SM mass measurement is whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) appendicular lean mass (ALM) serves as an affordable and practical SM surrogate. Empirical equations, developed on relatively small and diverse samples, are now used to predict total body SM from ALM and other covariates; prediction models for extremity SM mass are lacking. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate total body, arm, and leg SM mass prediction equations based on a large sample (N = 475) of adults evaluated with whole-body MRI and DXA for SM and ALM, respectively. Initial models were fit using ordinary least squares stepwise selection procedures; covariates beyond extremity lean mass made only small contributions to the final models that were developed using Deming regression. All three developed final models (total, arm, and leg) had high R2s (0.88–0.93; all p < 0.001) and small root-mean square errors (1.74, 0.41, and 0.95 kg) with no bias in the validation sample (N = 95). The new total body SM prediction model (SM = 1.12 × ALM – 0.63) showed good performance, with some bias, against previously reported DXA-ALM prediction models. These new total body and extremity SM prediction models, developed and validated in a large sample, afford an important and practical opportunity to evaluate SM mass in research and clinical settings.
DUSP1 mediates BCG induced apoptosis and inflammatory response in THP-1 cells via MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Zhanyou , Wang Jianhong , Dai Fan , Zhang Dongtao , Li Wu
Published: February 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Apoptosis and necrosis caused by the interaction between the host and the pathogen, as well as the host’s inflammatory response, play an important role in the pathogenesis of TB. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) plays a vital role in regulating the host immune responses. However, the role of DUSP1 in the regulation of THP-1 macrophage apoptosis induced by attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection remains unclear. In the present study, we report that infection with BCG significantly induces macrophage apoptosis and induces the production of DUSP1, TNF-α and IL-1β. DUSP1 knockdown significantly inhibited BCG-induced macrophage apoptosis and activation of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, DUSP1 knockdown suppressed BCG-induced inflammation in vivo. Taken together, this study demonstrates that DUSP1, as a regulator of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway, plays a novel role in BCG-induced macrophage apoptosis and inflammatory response.
Multi-center retrospective cohort study applying deep learning to electrocardiograms to identify left heart valvular dysfunction
Authors: Vaid Akhil , Argulian Edgar , Lerakis Stamatios , Beaulieu-Jones Brett K. , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Klang Eyal , Lampert Joshua , Reddy Vivek Y. , Narula Jagat , Nadkarni Girish N. , Glicksberg Benjamin S.
Published: February 2023

Background

Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation are common valvular conditions representing a hidden burden of disease within the population. The aim of this study was to develop and validate deep learning-based screening and diagnostic tools that can help guide clinical decision making.

Methods

In this multi-center retrospective cohort study, we acquired Transthoracic Echocardiogram reports from five Mount Sinai hospitals within New York City representing a demographically diverse cohort of patients. We developed a Natural Language Processing pipeline to extract ground-truth labels about valvular status and paired these to Electrocardiograms (ECGs). We developed and externally validated deep learning models capable of detecting valvular disease, in addition to considering scenarios of clinical deployment.

Results

We use 617,338 ECGs paired to transthoracic echocardiograms from 123,096 patients to develop a deep learning model for detection of Mitral Regurgitation. Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) is 0.88 (95% CI:0.88–0.89) in internal testing, and 0.81 (95% CI:0.80–0.82) in external validation. To develop a model for detection of Aortic Stenosis, we use 617,338 Echo-ECG pairs for 128,628 patients. AUROC is 0.89 (95% CI: 0.88-0.89) in internal testing, going to 0.86 (95% CI: 0.85-0.87) in external validation. The model’s performance increases leading up to the time of the diagnostic echo, and it performs well in validation against requirement of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement procedures.

Conclusions

Deep learning based tools can increase the amount of information extracted from ubiquitous investigations such as the ECG. Such tools are inexpensive, can help in earlier disease detection, and potentially improve prognosis.
Spatial–temporal analysis of various land use classifications and their long-term alteration's impact on hydrological components: using remote sensing, SAGA-GIS, and ARCSWAT model
Authors: Gholami Farinaz , Sedighifar Zahra , Ghaforpur Parastoo , Li Yue , Zhang Junlong
Published: February 2023

This study presents two phases using remote sensing and the SWAT model to assess the potential impact of future LULC change on hydrological components at different spatial–temporal scales and their interactions with each other at various times.
Characteristics and application of iron-based materials in heterogeneous Fenton oxidation for wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Song , Yu Zhongchen , Cao Xiaoling
Published: February 2023

Advanced oxidation processes have been extensively studied in degrading pollutants. This study summarises the previous research on iron-based materials and helps researchers to select and develop more effective iron-based catalysts suitable for different AOP systems.
Enhanced TSG stability through co-assembly with C3G: the mechanism behind processing Polygonum multiflorum Thunb with black beans via supramolecular analysis
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Shukai , Qin Yunan , Wang Ying , Yang Jianbo , Zhang Lanzhen , Li Quan , Ma Shuangcheng
Published: February 2023

Supramolecular analysis of co-assemblies of the main herbal components reveals the mechanism behind processing Polygonum multiflorum Thunb with black beans.
Peripherally and non-peripherally carboxylic acid substituted Cu(ii) phthalocyanine/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids for hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts
Authors: Kaplan Ekrem , Karazehir Tolga , Gümrükçü Selin , Sarac Baran , Sarac A. Sezai , Hamuryudan Esin
Published: February 2023

Due to growing environmental concerns and increasing energy needs, hydrogen, one of the key options as a future energy carrier, has lately gained more interest.
Mo10V2@MIL-101: pseudo-capacitive and redox-active efficient anode material for high-rate lithium cluster batteries
Authors: Priyadarshini Marimuthu , Shanmugan Swaminathan , Lee Chang Woo , Vediappan Kumaran
Published: February 2023

Mo10V2@MIL-101 overcome limitations such as leaching/solubility of Mo10V2 in an electrolyte, volume expansion of MIL-101 during cycling. Also, POM@MOF design features an inherent pore structure that allows diffusion and reduces volume changes.
Group IV elemental 2D materials beyond graphene used as electrodes for alkali-ion batteries
Authors: Tsai Hsu-Sheng , Li Jing , Shi Zhengguang , Huo Mingxue , Ho Shih-Hsin
Published: February 2023

The schematic overview of the future research directions for the group IV elemental 2D materials beyond graphene applied to the alkali-ion batteries.
Visible-light-driven reductive dearomatization ofN-arylformyl indoles in EDA complexes with a thiophenolviaa HAT pathway
Authors: Cai Yi-Ping , Ma Meng-Yue , Xu Xiao , Song Qin-Hua
Published: February 2023

A visible light-driven dearomatization of an N-(o-haloarylformyl)indole in an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex with a thiophenol. The radical reaction is terminated by a concerted hydrogen atom transfer (HAT).
Aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol with in situ generated hydrogen over Ni/Al3Fe1 catalyst: effect of the calcination temperature
Authors: Raso Raquel , Lete Alejandro , García Lucía , Ruiz Joaquín , Oliva Miriam , Arauzo Jesús
Published: February 2023

Calcination temperatures of 500, 625 and 750 °C were studied over a Ni/Al3Fe1 catalyst on glycerol valorization. The catalyst calcined at 625 °C showed the best performance due to its high activity and selectivity to 1,2-propanediol.
A general design procedure for gas–liquid Taylor flow T-junction microreactors
Authors: Chang Yu , Sheng Lin , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng
Published: February 2023

A gas flow rate prediction model under constant pressure operation and a cross-device energy efficiency prediction model are proposed. A Taylor flow T-junction microreactor design procedure is proposed.
Efficient syngas production with controllable CO : H2 ratios based on aqueous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over mesoporous TiO2 films modified with a cobalt porphyrin molecular catalyst
Authors: Ozawa Hironobu , Kikunaga Ryoma , Suzuki Hajime , Abe Ryu , Sakai Ken
Published: February 2023

The CO : H2 ratio in syngas is found to be controllable from 1 : 1 to 1 : 20 by the combined use of a pristine and a CoP-py-anchored mesoporous TiO2 electrode by simply tuning the applied potential.
Hierarchical flower-like MoS2/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids supported on nickel foam as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Sardana Silki , Dahiya Sajjan , Punia Rajesh , Maan A. S. , Singh Kuldeep , Ohlan Anil
Published: February 2023

Flower-like MoS2/rGO nanohybrids have been synthesized using one-pot hydrothermal reaction method. The supercapacitor cell exhibited excellent electrochemical performance predominated by surface capacitive processes.
Proton migration barriers in BaFeO3−δ – insights from DFT calculations
Authors: Hoedl M. F. , Chesnokov A. , Gryaznov D. , Merkle R. , Kotomin E. A. , Maier J.
Published: February 2023

O–O and O–H distances co-determine the proton migration barrier in triple conducting BaFeO3−δ.
Manipulation of chemical behavior of species by a temperature-program strategy: efficiently confining metal oxide nanoclusters in a hollow zeolite
Authors: Zhai Yi , Wang Kaiwei , Sun Mingshuai , Wang Fumin , Zhang Xubin , Lv Guojun , Jiang Linfang , Xu Zhibo
Published: February 2023

Temperature-program strategy was used to regulate the chemical behaviors of species, enrich unsaturated silicon species in liquor, promote the disintegration of metal particles, and achieve the encapsulation of ultra-small metal oxide nanoclusters.
A ratiometric luminescence sensing platform based on lanthanide-based silica nanoparticles for selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions
Authors: Zhang Meng-Yao , Yi Feng-Ying , Guo Qing-Zhong , Luo Fa-Liang , Liu Lan-Jun , Guo Jun-Fang
Published: February 2023

A ratiometric luminescent nanoprobe based on terbium(iii)-chelated silica nanoparticles for the detection of Fe3+/Cu2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of [Pd(phosphine)(py)Cl2] (PEPPSI) and [Pd(phosphine)Cl2]2complexes
Authors: Voloshkin Vladislav A. , Liu Yaxu , Beliš Marek , Peng Min , Van Hecke Kristof , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: February 2023

The synthesis and catalytic activity of novel phosphine palladium PEPPSI and dimer complexes bearing RuPhos, SPhos and XPhos phosphines is reported.
Cu(i) complexes with aggregation-induced emission for enhanced photodynamic antibacterial application
Authors: Zuo Zhongxiang , Pan Xinxin , Yang Ge , Zhang Yuemin , Liu Xingwen , Zha Jinrun , Yuan Xun
Published: February 2023

AIE-featured PEG-condensed Cu(i)-p-MBA aggregates (PCuA), showing enhanced photodynamic antibacterial activities, were developed in water.
Introduction to the chemistry of atmospheric pollutants themed issue
Authors: De Silva Amila O. , McGillen Max R. , Surratt Jason D. , Young Cora J.
Published: February 2023

Guest editors Amila De Silva, Max McGillen, Jason Surratt and Cora Young introduce the Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts themed issue on the chemistry of atmospheric pollutants.
Contributo para a caracterização de vinhos de oito castas portuguesas minoritárias
Authors: Brazão João , Sun Baoshan , Caldeira Ilda , Baeta Francisco , Amaral João , Eiras-Dias José
Published: February 2023

A riqueza do património genético vitícola existente em Portugal leva a considerá-lo como um dos países da Europa com maior densidade de castas autóctones, embora cerca de 85 % dessas castas só ocupem aproximadamente 10 % da área total de vinha. Apesar da preservação destas castas muito pouco cultivadas, que se designa de castas minoritárias, estar praticamente garantida em coleções ampelográficas, torna-se necessário a sua valorização e difusão pelo sector vitivinícola. Este trabalho constitui uma primeira abordagem para a caracterização físico-química e sensorial de vinhos produzidos, em duas vindimas, a partir de quatro castas brancas e de quatro castas tintas. No caso dos vinhos das castas tintas, a caracterização físico-química incluiu também o estudo do perfil de antocianinas, bem como a determinação dos teores de antocianas totais e de polifenóis totais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma diferenciação dos vinhos das duas vindimas, verificando-se também, ao nível organolético, apreciações globais superiores para os vinhos brancos das castas ‘Galego Dourado’ e ‘Códega do Larinho’ e para os vinhos tintos das castas ‘Malvasia Preta’ e ‘Cornifesto’. Verificou-se, ainda, que os vinhos que apresentaram teores mais elevados de antocianas foram os das castas ‘Cornifesto’ e ‘Malvasia Preta’, sendo os vinhos das castas ‘Tinta Negra’ e ‘Malvasia Preta’ os que evidenciaram ser mais ricos em polifenóis totais. Um resultado importante de notar é que os teores de polifenóis totais dos vinhos da mesma casta mostraram ser idênticos ou muito similares, nas duas vindimas. Contudo, considera-se que sejam necessários mais estudos para uma caracterização mais robusta dos vinhos destas castas.
Developments and experiences of the CHANCE, MICADO and PREDIS projects in radioactive waste characterization
Authors: Morichi Massimo , Fanchini Erica , Breuil Eric , Bruggeman Christophe , Perot Bertrand , Ricard Denise , Niederleithinger Ernst
Published: February 2023

Characterization is a very important step in dealing with materials and waste streams generated during the operational and decommissioning phases of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants. Characterization allows differentiation between materials that can be released from regulatory control and those that require further treatment and conditioning to become a stable waste form suitable for future storage and final disposal according to its waste classification. Characterization is also needed in the pre-disposal stages of radioactive waste management to demonstrate compliance with the waste acceptance criteria of the facilities that will accept the different waste forms. This work will present the strategies developed and implemented by the three projects for in-depth and accurate waste characterization and investigation of the different radioactive waste packages considered. CHANCE, MICADO, and PREDIS will present their goals, the methods developed, the technologies used and the (preliminary) results contributing to the improvement of the safety and the data and information quality of the waste packages analyzed at the different stages of the waste management process. Special emphasis will also be given to complementary approaches highlighting the usability of the technologies, the accessibility of the data, and the problem-solving of the three projects within the European panorama.
Aktuelle wissenschaftliche und gesundheitspolitische Themen zur therapeutischen Apherese in Berlin
Authors: Heibges Andreas , Klingel Reinhard
Published: February 2023

Das Apherese-Therapie-Seminar bietet der therapeutischen Apherese seit nunmehr 20 Jahren ein Informations- und Diskussionsforum für aktuelle wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, gesundheitspolitische Entwicklungen und Fragen der Kostenerstattung. Das jüngste Seminar am 2. Dezember 2022 stieß erneut auf großes Interesse, in diesem Jahr nach pandemiebedingter 2-jähriger Unterbrechung endlich wieder mit der Möglichkeit zum persönlichen Austausch im Berliner Grand-Hotel Esplanade. Mehr als 150 Teilnehmer und Teilnehmerinnen aus ganz Deutschland waren in diesem Jahr unter zum Teil durch den Bahnunfall bei Hannover erschwerten Anreisebedingungen der Einladung nach Berlin gefolgt und diskutierten den aktuellen Stand und die Entwicklung der klinischen Forschung und Praxis der Apherese. Den Vorsitz hatten Prof. Julia Weinmann-Menke, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, und Prof. Reinhard Klingel, Apherese ForschungsInstitut Köln.
Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: February 2023

Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie auf www.wbs-ulm.de.
Register Forschungsförderung der Deutschen Gesellschaft
für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie
(DGPRÄC) und Forschungsförderungs-Bericht
2021/2022
Authors: Moellhoff N. , Prantl L. , Behr B. , Beier J.P. , Daigeler A. , Dragu A. , Eisenhardt S.U. , Fuchs P.C. , Germann G. , Hirsch T. , Horch R.E. , Infanger M. , Jakubietz R. , Kneser U. , Langer S. , Lehnhardt M. , Machens H.G. , Mailänder P. , Reichert B. , Radtke C. , Schaefer D.J. , Siemers F. , Vogt P.M. , Menke H. , Giunta R.E.
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund Forschung ist ein integraler Bestandteil der akademischen
Medizin. In der Plastischen Chirurgie stellt sie die Weichen für
Innovationen des Fachgebietes. In dieser Studie soll die Forschungsleistung der
Plastischen Chirurgen in Deutschland und assoziierten Kliniken im
deutschsprachigen Raum für den Zeitraum 2021/2022 dargestellt
und mit den Vorjahreszeiträumen verglichen werden.

Material und Methoden Der E-Mail-Verteiler des Konvents der leitenden
Plastischen Chirurgen der DGPRÄC wurde zur Kontaktaufnahme mit
Klinikdirektor*innen genutzt. Diese wurden um Mitteilung der gestellten,
in Begutachtung befindlichen, geförderten und abgelehnten Projekte
jeglicher öffentlicher, nicht-öffentlicher, industrieller oder
anderer Förderinstitute gebeten. Die Abfrage erfolgte über eine
eigens eingerichtete Online-Datenbank und wurde ebenfalls über das
Geförderte Projekte Informationssystem (GEPRIS) ermittelt.
Zusätzlich wurde die Forschungsinfrastruktur an den jeweiligen
Standorten abgefragt.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 105 Anträge bei 54 verschiedenen
Fördermittelgebern aus 20 plastisch-chirurgischen Standorten mitgeteilt.
37 Förderanträge wurden bei den großen
öffentlichen Förderinstituten DFG, BMBF, BMWi, BMG, BMVg, G-BA
und EU gestellt. Davon waren 59,5% (22/37) DFG, je 13,5%
(5/37) BMBF und EU, 5,4% (2/37) BMWi und je 2,7%
(1/37) BMG, BMVg, G-BA Anträge. Das durchschnittliche
Fördervolumen der bewilligten Anträge dieser
Fördermittelgeber betrug 401,515 Euro. Bewilligte DFG-Anträge
waren am häufigsten dem Fachkollegium 205–27 Orthopädie,
Unfallchirurgie, rekonstruktive Chirurgie zugeordnet (n=10/16,
62,5%). Im zeitlichen Verlauf der Erhebung des Forschungsregisters zeigt
sich ein Anstieg der im Register gemeldeten und als gefördert
angegebenen Anträge. 70,0% (14/20) der teilnehmenden
Standorte verfügten über ein eigenes experimentelles
Forschungslabor, während lediglich 40,0% (8/20)
über ein eigenes klinisches Studienzentrum verfügten.

Schlussfolgerung Der Forschungsförderungs-Bericht
2021/2022 unterstreicht erneut die beeindruckende Forschungsleistung der
Gemeinschaft der Plastischen Chirurg*innen.
Degree of pharyngeal deformation caused by pharyngeal endoscopic submucosal dissection is associated with the incidence of aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Abe Makoto , Kawahara Yoshiro , Obayashi Yuka , Baba Yuki , Hamada Kenta , Sakae Hiroyuki , Kono Yoshiyasu , Kanzaki Hiromitu , Iwamuro Masaya , Kawano Seiji , Makino Takuma , Noda Yohei , Marunaka Hidenori , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is one of the most minimally invasive treatments for superficial squamous cell cancer of the pharynx. However, aspiration pneumonia (AsP) associated with postoperative deformity of the pharynx may occur. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of AsP and the degree of pharyngeal deformity after pharyngeal ESD.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent pharyngeal ESD at Okayama University Hospital between 2006 and 2017. The degree of pharyngeal deformation was assessed using the pharyngeal deformation grade (PDG). The primary endpoint was the frequency of AsP as a long-term adverse event.

Results Among the 52 patients enrolled, nine developed aspiration pneumonia, with a 3-year cumulative incidence of 9.0 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.3 %–22.0 %). There were 16, 18, 16, and two patients that had PDG 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Patients with a history of radiotherapy, as a treatment of head and neck cancer (44.4 % vs. 11.6 %; P = 0.02) and the high PDG group (PDG 2 and 3) (77.8 % vs. 25.6 %; P = 0.005) had a significantly higher incidence of AsP. The 3-year cumulative incidence rate of AsP after ESD in the high PDG group was significantly higher than that in the low PDG group (PDG 0 and 1) (23.9 % [95 %CI, 9.2.–49.5%] vs. 0 %; P = 0.03).

Conclusions The incidence of aspiration pneumonia in the long-term course after pharyngeal ESD was revealed. The incidence of aspiration pneumonia may be associated with pharyngeal deformity, but further studies are needed.
Endoscopic calcium electroporation for colorectal cancer: a phase I study
Authors: Broholm Malene , Vogelsang Rasmus , Bulut Mustafa , Stigaard Trine , Falk Hanne , Frandsen Stine , Pedersen Dorte Levin , Perner Trine , Fiehn Anne-Marie Kanstrup , Mølholm Ida , Bzorek Michael , Rosen Andreas Weinberger , Andersen Christina Søs Auður , Pallisgaard Niels , Gögenur Ismail , Gehl Julie
Published: February 2023

Background and study aims Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies, with approximately 20 % of patients having metastatic disease. Local symptoms from the tumor remain a common issue and affect quality of life. Electroporation is a method to permeabilize cell membranes with high-voltage pulses, allowing increased passage of otherwise poorly permeating substances such as calcium. The aim of this study was to determine the safety of calcium electroporation for advanced colorectal cancer.

Patients and methods Six patients with inoperable rectal and sigmoid colon cancer were included, all presenting with local symptoms. Patients were offered endoscopic calcium electroporation and were followed up with endoscopy and computed tomography/magnetic resonance scans. Biopsies and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. Biopsies were examined for histological changes and immunohistochemically with CD3/CD8 and PD-L1. In addition, blood samples were examined for circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA).

Results A total of 10 procedures were performed and no serious adverse events occurred. Prior to inclusion, patients reported local symptoms, such as bleeding (N = 3), pain (N = 2), and stenosis (N = 5). Five of six patients reported symptom relief. In one patient, also receiving systemic chemotherapy, clinical complete response of primary tumor was seen. Immunohistochemistry found no significant changes in CD3 /CD8 levels or cfDNA levels after treatment.

Conclusions This first study of calcium electroporation for colorectal tumors shows that calcium electroporation is a safe and feasible treatment modality for colorectal cancer. It can be performed as an outpatient treatment and may potentially be of great value for fragile patients with limited treatment options.
Survival Outcome in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: Early Experience from a University Hospital in Thailand
Authors: Duangpakdee Pongsanae , Sakkarat Sasitorn , Sangkhathat Surasak
Published: February 2023

Objective Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a relatively new technology used for life support in patients with cardiopulmonary failure from various causes. The objective of this study is to review the first 5-year experience in adopting this technology in a teaching hospital in southern Thailand.

Methods The data of ECMO-supported patients in Songklanagarind Hospital, from the years 2014 to 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. Data sources were from electronic medical records and the database of the perfusion service. Parameters in focus included prior conditions and indications of ECMO, type of ECMO and cannulation method, complications during and after the treatment, and discharge statuses.

Results A total of 83 patients received ECMO life support during the 5-year period and the number of cases per year increased. The proportion of venovenous: venoarterial ECMO in our institute was 49:34 cases and there were three cases who used ECMO as a part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Moreover, there were 57 cases who used ECMO for cardiac failure and 26 cases were for respiratory causes, while premature withdrawal was decided in 26 cases (31.3%). Overall survival from ECMO was 35/83 cases (42.2%) and survival to discharge was 32/83 (38.6%). During therapy, ECMO could restore serum pH to the normal range in all cases. Furthermore, those who used ECMO for respiratory failure had significantly higher survival probability (57.7%) when compared to the cardiac counterpart (29.8%, p-value = 0.03). Patients with younger ages also had significantly better survival outcomes. The most common complications were cardiac (75 cases, 85.5%), followed by renal (45 cases, 54.2%), and hematologic systems (38 cases, 45.8%). In those who survived to discharge, average ECMO duration was 9.7 days.

Conclusion Extracorporeal life support is a technology that bridges the patients with cardiopulmonary failure to their recovery or definitive surgery. Despite the high complication rate, survival can be expected, especially in respiratory failure cases and relatively young patients.
Complications of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Novelli Paula M. , Gustafson Christopher , Orons Philip D.
Published: February 2023

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard practice in treating both primary and metastatic liver neoplasms. TACE is a practical, minimally invasive procedure involving the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into the artery supplying a tumor while simultaneously embolizing its blood supply. This approach can be used for curative and palliative intent across multiple cancer types. Historically, TACE has been instrumental in the treatment algorithms for hepatocellular carcinoma, allowing patients with unresectable disease to be downstaged and to slow disease progression, affording opportunities for transplantation and increased survival. Although benefits of TACE include lower morbidity and mortality versus systemic chemotherapy and surgical approaches, the procedure has risks and complications. Interventional radiologists and physicians involved in the care of these patients should be aware of the associated complications including avoidance and treatment strategies.
Spontaneous Resolution of a Humeral Intracondylar Fissure in a Skeletally Immature French Bulldog
Authors: Garland Ben William , Dumitru Emilian Adrian , Ororbia Alejandro , Oxley Bill
Published: February 2023

A 4-month-old male entire French bulldog was presented for the investigation of acute left thoracic limb lameness. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a right-sided humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF) and a left-sided medial humeral condylar fracture which was managed by open reduction and internal fixation. Follow-up CT at 36 days after surgery revealed healing of the condylar fracture and partial resolution of the HIF, which was radiographically unapparent on further CT images 105 days thereafter (at 220 days of life). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous resolution of a HIF beyond the normal age of reported humeral condyle ossification center closure.
Comparing content marketing strategies of digital brands using machine learning
Authors: Chen Yulin
Published: February 2023

This study identifies and recommends key cues in brand community and public behavioral data. It proposes a research framework to strengthen social monitoring and data analysis, as well as to review digital commercial brands and competition through continuous data capture and analysis. The proposed model integrates multiple technologies, analyzes unstructured data through ensemble learning, and combines social media and text exploration technologies to examine key cues in public behaviors and brand communities. The results reveal three main characteristics of the six major digital brands: notification and diversion module; interaction and diversion module; and notification, interaction, and diversion module. This study analyzes data to explore consumer focus on social media. Prompt insights on public behavior equip companies to respond quickly and improve their competitive advantage. In addition, the use of community content exploration technology combined with artificial intelligence data analysis helps grasp consumers’ information demands and discover unstructured elements hidden in the information using available Facebook resources.
Plasma reduces aeroacoustical noise of Aero-trains
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: February 2023

Potential ecofriendly mode of transportation must become quieter to be feasible.
Accurate calculation of global hysteresis properties of grain-oriented silicon steel based on an improved J-A model with variable parameters
Authors: Chen Long , Wen Xin , Ben Tong , Jing Libing , Liu Qian
Published: February 2023

Based on the consideration of the magnetic domain motion under different magnetization levels, an improved J-A model with variable parameters is proposed to solve the problem of significant errors in the process of calculating the inner symmetric small loops. The proposed method introduces a variable scale parameter v(B) to correct the irreversible magnetization component of the J-A model. Meanwhile, based on the magnetic domain theory, a method with variable pinning parameter k(B) and a variable domain wall bending parameter c(B) is proposed. By comparing the measured data of B30P105 Grain-Oriented (GO) silicon steel, the calculation error for each magnetization level of the model is within 7%, which means that the global hysteresis properties of GO silicon steel can be well reproduced.
Development of magnetorheological fluids within 3D printed elastomeric cellular structures with an accumulator
Authors: Park Jungjin , Choi Young T. , Flatau Alison B. , Wereley Norman M.
Published: February 2023

In this study, a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) was encapsulated in a 3D printed cellular elastomeric encapsulant. Mechanical properties, such as stiffness and damping, of the encapsulant containing MRFs can be controlled via applied magnetic field. Such tunability can be exploited for adaptive vibration control or energy absorption systems. Here, MRF prepared with silicon oil (40% volume fraction) was injected into the 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) cellular encapsulant. The wall adjacent to the sealing layer had a circular opening and a TPU membrane was bonded to its perimeter so that the pressurized MRF could flow through the opening and be accumulated in the resulting pocket. An external magnetic field (0–350 mT) was applied to the sample at the time of uniaxial dynamic testing with 5% pre-strain. The MRF-TPU composites were characterized via cyclic force-displacement tests (1 Hz) under displacement amplitudes. The area of the force-displacement curve of the system with an accumulator is about 26% greater than one without an accumulator. The effect of the accumulator on the mechanical properties of the MRF-TPU composites was studied with strain amplitude and magnetic fields.
The botany of the Stony Head Training Area: new records for a biodiverse remnant in northern Tasmania, Australia
Authors: de Salas Miguel F. , Baker Matthew L. , Cave Lynette , Kantvilas Gintaras
Published: February 2023

A flora survey of the Stony Head Training Area, northern Tasmania, was conducted in 2020–2021 as a collaboration between the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery’s Expeditions of Discovery and the Australian Biological Resources Study Bush Blitz programs. With a long historical use as an artillery range, the 5000-ha area contains a range of geologies, has a low profile with average elevations under 100 m asl, and its vegetation consists largely of heathy woodlands and coastal heathlands. It contains a range of relatively undisturbed, high-quality native habitats and populations of several threatened species. The survey targeted vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens, and recorded a total of 575 taxa. Nine lichens are new records for Tasmania — Buellia hypostictella, Caloplaca gilfillaniorum, Cladonia subradiata, Graphis geraensis, Lecanora intumescens and Opegrapha diaphoriza — all previously also known from mainland Australia, and Micarea rhabdogena, M. xanthonica and Pseudothelomma ocellatum, which represent first records for the Southern Hemisphere. Biogeographical and ecological patterns in the flora, the contribution of vegetation remnants to flora conservation, and the ongoing importance of surveys and alpha-taxonomy for documenting biodiversity are discussed. Our findings are consistent with a body of research showing a trend of healthy populations of threatened taxa within military training areas.