bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of community health promoters on awareness of a rural social marketing program, purchase and use of health products, and disease risk, Kenya, 2014–2016
Authors: Kim Sunkyung , Laughlin Mark , Morris Jamae , Otieno Ronald , Odhiambo Aloyce , Oremo Jared , Graham Jay , Hirai Mitsuaki , Wells Emma , Basler Colin , Okello Anna , Matanock Almea , Eleveld Alie , Quick Robert
Published: October 2020

The Safe Water and AIDS Project (SWAP), a non-governmental organization in western Kenya, opened kiosks run as businesses by community health promoters (CHPs) to increase access to health products among poor rural families. We conducted a baseline survey in 2014 before kiosks opened, and a post-intervention follow-up in 2016, enrolling 1,517 households with children <18 months old. From baseline to follow-up, we observed increases in reported exposure to the SWAP program (3–11%, p = 0.01) and reported purchases of any SWAP product (3–10%, p < 0.01). The percent of households with confirmed water treatment (detectable free chlorine residual (FCR) >0.2 mg/ml) was similar from baseline to follow-up (7% vs. 8%, p = 0.57). The odds of reported diarrhea in children decreased from baseline to follow-up (odds ratios or OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93) and households with detectable FCR had lower odds of diarrhea (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.83). Focus group discussions with CHPs suggested that high product prices, lack of affordability, and expectations that products should be free contributed to low sales. In conclusion, modest reported increases in SWAP exposure and product sales in the target population were insufficient to impact health, but children in households confirmed to chlorinate their water had decreased diarrhea.
Water consumption forecasting using soft computing – a case study, Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Leon Lee P. , Chaplot Barkha , Solomon Akil
Published: October 2020

Water scarcity is one of the world's fastest growing epidemics. Therefore, to combat it or mitigate the risks one must first understand how water is being consumed. This study focuses on the analysis of domestic water consumption with reference to how much of it is being consumed. Additionally, the study aims to propose an applicable and consistent method to forecast urban water consumption by using soft computing techniques. The investigation highlights the hourly, daily and monthly water consumption levels as well as the relationship between climate change and water demand using gene expression programming (GEP). The results of the study are relatively promising as it demonstrates that GEP can predict water consumption incorporating seasonal changes of wet and dry periods.
Construto para utilização prática de red flags em auditoria
Authors: Carraro Nilton Cesar , Almeida Otávio Augusto Izidio de , Siqueira Leandro Caires , Sousa Marco Aurélio Batista de
Published: October 2020

A auditoria contábil está sofrendo alterações para acompanhar as necessidades impostas pelas evoluções do mercado. Logo, como um estudo descritivo e apoiado na teoria de Albrecht e Romney (1986) sobre a utilização de red flags em bases financeiras e operacionais como forma de detecção de fraudes, este trabalho teve como objetivo a construção de um modelo prático, originando um novo software que, apoiado no teste de Cronbach, validou a consistência interna dos pares de red flags apresentados de acordo com seu alcance, para, posteriormente, com base no método de Bardin (1991), identificar e correlacionar as variáveis financeiras e operacionais. A aplicação do modelo/software se deu em demonstrações contábeis e relatórios das cinco maiores empresas públicas brasileiras, escolhidas por conveniência, face aos processos de corrupção a que estão ligadas. Como resultado, obteve-se o cruzamento dos red flags apresentados na Figura 1, que representam indícios de erros ou fraudes nas empresas analisadas, sinalizando para o auditor, que estes pontos merecem atenção, segundo o arcabouço teórico e legal consultado. Esta foi a principal contribuição do modelo e do software, que deverá ser utilizado como forma de percepção complementar aos métodos existentes, ampliando a possibilidade de análise, devido ao potencial de processamento de informações.
O distanciamento entre o discurso e a prática: uma análise da responsabilidade e da evidenciação sociais vis-à-vis ao gerenciamento de resultados
Authors: Barroso Caio Rodrigues , Gonçalves Rodrigo de Souza , De Medeiros Otávio Ribeiro , Resende Alex Laquis
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo avaliar se empresas brasileiras com maior nível de Social Disclosure apresentaram menor grau de gerenciamento de resultados. Investigou-se também se empresas certificadas como socialmente responsáveis apresentam essa mesma relação. Para alcançar o objetivo traçado, foram analisadas 87 empresas integrantes da carteira do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial da B3 e empresas não participantes, nos anos de 2010 a 2017. A metodologia é de natureza quali-quanti, conforme Günther (2006). Para avaliar os níveis de Social Disclosure, foi utilizado um índice que mede os níveis de transparência de investimentos em projetos sociais a partir de informações contidas nos relatórios sociais. Para medir os níveis de gerenciamento de resultados, foi utilizado o modelo de Kang e Sivaramakrishnan (1995). Os resultados obtidos a partir da regressão em painel com efeitos fixos, apesar de não apresentarem significância estatística, indicam uma relação positiva entre o índice de Social Disclosure e o gerenciamento de resultados e uma relação negativa do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial e o gerenciamento de resultados.
COMUNICAÇÃO COMO DISPOSITIVO DE INTERAÇÃO ENTRE ENFERMEIROS: ENCONTROS SOCIOCLÍNICA INSTITUCIONAL NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: De Souza Ferreira Adicéa , Lúcia Abrahão Ana
Published: October 2020

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar e discutir a comunicação como dispositivo de interação entre enfermeiros nos encontros Socioclínica Institucional na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de um município localizado na Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os encontros ocorreram no segundo semestre do ano de 2019 o universo do estudo foi composto por 13 enfermeiros, sendo 11 atuantes na ESF, 01 enfermeira pesquisadora e 01 enfermeira analista externo. Emergiram dois eixos temáticos: 1) Interface da comunicação entre o gerenciamento e o cuidado; 2) A comunicação quanto autonomia do enfermeiro frente ao gerenciamento de cuidados. Os dados retratam a reflexão sobre a contribuição da comunicação no processo do gerenciamento de cuidado dos enfermeiros.
DESAFIOS DA COORDENAÇÃO DE UM PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Salgado Monica Santos
Published: October 2020

A responsabilidade de coordenar um Programa de Pós-Graduação está crescendo à proporção do aumento das demandas da sociedade e das exigências dos órgãos de fomento. Os Programas precisam garantir a produção qualificada de teses e dissertações, garantir a integração com o curso de graduação (quando estão atrelados a uma instituição de ensino) e investir nas ações de extensão universitária. No entanto, o profissional que assume a coordenação dos programas de pós-graduação nem sempre possui perfil de gestor, sendo, muitas vezes, escolhido pelas suas competências como docente e pesquisador. O resultado é a falta de planejamento das ações do programa, e uma gestão “por demanda”, conforme solicitações dos órgãos de fomento e/ou da própria administração central. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo apresenta o relato de uma experiência onde as ferramentas de gestão foram adotadas na organização dos processos da coordenação de um Programa de Pós-graduação. Embora a estratégia não possa ser adotada para todas as atividades, observou-se que as principais rotinas e dificuldades puderam ser mapeadas e programadas facilitando o trabalho do coordenador. Entre as vantagens estão a transparência dos processos para todos os docentes que atuam no programa, e a facilitação da gestão, com a redução da sobrecarga de trabalho da coordenação.
Availability of Spanish-Language Medical Apps in Google Play and the App Store: Retrospective Descriptive Analysis Using Google Tools (Preprint)
Authors: Grau-Corral Inmaculada , Gascon Pau , Grajales III Francisco J , Kostov Belchin , Sisó Almirall Antoni
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

The number of medical and health apps in the App Store and Google Play repositories has been increasing in the recent years, and most of these apps are in English. However, little is known about the domain of Spanish health apps and their evolution.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective descriptive analysis of medical apps for patients in the Spanish language by using Google search tools over a 5-year period and to compare the results by using a reproducible methodology to obtain a better knowledge of the medical apps available in the Spanish Language.

METHODS

Over a 5-year period, medical apps were catalogued using a Google-based methodology. Keywords of the first 14 categories of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, were selected, and in December of each year, searches of the URLs of Google Play and the App Store were conducted using Google Advanced Search. The first 10 results were taken, and apps meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and rated with the iSYScore method.

RESULTS

Out of a sample of 1358 apps, 136 met the inclusion criteria. The 3 main categories of the medical apps were in the fields of endocrinology (diabetes), respiratory (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and allergies), and neurology (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease). Few apps were maintained over the 5 years. Only 10 of the 136 apps were maintained for 3 years or more. There was a large number of original apps in other languages that were translated into Spanish (56/136, 41.2%). In the last year of the study, the main reason (73/280, 26.1%) for discarding an app was the date of the last update.

CONCLUSIONS

The market of Spanish apps is poor; only few apps have appeared repeatedly over 5 years. Differences were found with the international market in terms of apps related to mental health, heart and circulatory system, and cancer, and coincidences were found in the relevance of apps for diabetes control.
Author Response to Peer Reviews of “A Machine Learning Explanation of the Pathogen-Immune Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and a Model to Predict Immunity and Therapeutic Opportunity: A Comparative Effectiveness Research Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Luellen Eric
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This is the Author's Response to Peer Review Reports
Peer Review of “A Machine Learning Explanation of the Pathogen-Immune Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and a Model to Predict Immunity and Therapeutic Opportunity: A Comparative Effectiveness Research Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Chang Andy
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report.
Osteosarcoma Health Literacy: A Quantitative Assessment of the Understandability and Readability of Web-based Patient Education Material (Preprint)
Authors: Gulbrandsen Trevor , Skalitzky Mary Kate , Shamrock Alan Gregory , Gao Burke , Hasan Obada , Miller Benjamin James
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients often turn to online resources following the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. To be fully understood by the average American adult, the American Medical Association (AMA) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend online health information to be written at a 6th grade level or lower. Previous analyses of osteosarcoma resources have not measured whether text is written such that readers can process key information (understandability) or identify available actions to take (actionability). The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) is a validated measurement of understandability and actionability.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate osteosarcoma online resources utilizing measures of readability, understandability, and actionability.

METHODS

Using the search term “osteosarcoma”, two independent searches (Google.com) were performed and the top 50 results were collected. Websites were included if directed at providing patient education on osteosarcoma. Readability was quantified using validated algorithms: Flesh-Kincaid Grade Ease (FKGE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade-Level (FKGL). A higher FKGE score represents the material is easier to read. All other readability scores represent the US school grade level. Two independent PEMAT assessments were performed with independent scores assigned for both understandability and actionability. A PEMAT score of 70% or below is considered poorly understandable and/or poorly actionable. Statistical significance was defined as p≤0.05.

RESULTS

Of 53 unique websites, 37 websites (69.8%) met inclusion criteria. The mean FKGE was 40.8±13.6. The mean FKGL grade level was 12.0±2.4. No (0%) websites scored within the acceptable NIH/AHA recommended reading level. Overall, only 10.8% (n=4) and 2.7% (n=1) met the acceptable understandability and actionability threshold.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, osteosarcoma online patient educational materials scored poorly with respect to readability, understandability, and actionability. None of the online resources scored at the recommended reading level. Only four met the appropriate score to considered understandable by the general public. Future efforts should be made to improve online resources in order to support patient understanding.
Chatbots to Support People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: Systematic Review of Functions and Quality (Preprint)
Authors: Ruggiano Nicole , Brown Ellen L , Roberts Lisa , Framil Suarez C Victoria , Luo Yan , Hao Zhichao , Hristidis Vagelis
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the use of information technologies to educate and support people with dementia and their family caregivers. At the same time, chatbot technologies have become increasingly popular for use by the public and have been identified as having benefits for health care delivery. However, little is known about how chatbot technologies may benefit people with dementia and their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the types of current commercially available chatbots that are designed for use by people with dementia and their caregivers and to assess their quality in terms of features and content.

METHODS

Chatbots were identified through a systematic search on Google Play Store, Apple App Store, Alexa Skills, and the internet. An evidence-based assessment tool was used to evaluate the features and content of the identified apps. The assessment was conducted through interrater agreement among 4 separate reviewers.

RESULTS

Of the 505 initial chatbots identified, 6 were included in the review. The chatbots assessed varied significantly in terms of content and scope. Although the chatbots were generally found to be easy to use, some limitations were noted regarding their performance and programmed content for dialog.

CONCLUSIONS

Although chatbot technologies are well established and commonly used by the public, their development for people with dementia and their caregivers is in its infancy. Given the successful use of chatbots in other health care settings and for other applications, there are opportunities to integrate this technology into dementia care. However, more evidence-based chatbots that have undergone end user evaluation are needed to evaluate their potential to adequately educate and support these populations.
Dynamic prediction of ICU duration of mechanical ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A machine learning approach (Preprint)
Authors: Sayed Mohammed , RIAÑO David
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pulmonary failure, commonly observed and associated with significant mortality and cost in intensive care units (ICUs). However, only few studies investigated prediction over time, in particular for more than two ICU days.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aimed at characterization of the best dynamic scenario in terms of the first two ICU days to predict the total duration of MV for the whole treatment in ARDS using three Machine learning (ML) techniques.

METHODS

We used data of 1,341 ARDS patients of MIMIC III database (MetaVision, 2008- 2012) according to the Berlin definition for ARDS severity. Patients’ evolution was tracked along the first 3-ICU days after ARDS onset to assess "true" severity. Three ML classification techniques were evaluated: Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost).

RESULTS

LightGBM models outperformed RF and XGBoost in predicting the total duration of MV for the whole treatment in ARDS over time (RMSE 146.59 -152.08 hours).

CONCLUSIONS

Dynamic prediction of the total duration of MV for the whole treatment in ARDS can be provided using ML techniques when "true" severity of ARDS patient is considered. Consequently, this leads to better resource allocation in ICU.
Barriers to the Use of Clinical Decision Support for the Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism: Qualitative Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Richardson Safiya , Dauber-Decker Katherine L , McGinn Thomas , Barnaby Douglas P , Cattamanchi Adithya , Pekmezaris Renee
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Clinicians often disregard potentially beneficial clinical decision support (CDS).

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we sought to explore the psychological and behavioral barriers to the use of a CDS tool.

METHODS

We conducted a qualitative study involving emergency medicine physicians and physician assistants. A semistructured interview guide was created based on the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behavior model. Interviews focused on the barriers to the use of a CDS tool built based on Wells’ criteria for pulmonary embolism to assist clinicians in establishing pretest probability of pulmonary embolism before imaging.

RESULTS

Interviews were conducted with 12 clinicians. Six barriers were identified, including (1) Bayesian reasoning, (2) fear of missing a pulmonary embolism, (3) time pressure or cognitive load, (4) gestalt includes Wells’ criteria, (5) missed risk factors, and (6) social pressure.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinicians highlighted several important psychological and behavioral barriers to CDS use. Addressing these barriers will be paramount in developing CDS that can meet its potential to transform clinical care.
Effectiveness of an Integrated Care Package for Refugee Mothers and Children: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Al Azdi Zunayed , Islam Khaleda , Khan Muhammad Amir , Khan Nida , Ejaz Amna , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Warraitch Azza , Jahan Ishrat , Huque Rumana
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Thousands of Rohingya refugee mothers at the world’s largest refugee camp located in Bangladesh are at risk of poor mental health. Accordingly, their children are also vulnerable to delayed cognitive and physical development.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated care package in reducing the prevalence of developmental delays among children aged 1 year and improving their mothers’ mental health status.

METHODS

This is a parallel, two-arm, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT). A total of 704 mother-child dyads residing at the Kutupalong refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, will be recruited from 22 clusters with 32 mother-child dyads per cluster. In the intervention arm, an integrated early childhood development and maternal mental health package will be delivered every quarter to mothers of newborns by trained community health workers until the child is 1 year old. Our primary outcome is a reduction in the prevalence of two or more childhood developmental delays of infants aged 1 year compared to the usual treatment. The secondary outcomes include reduced stunting among children and the prevalence of maternal depression. We will also assess the cost-effectiveness of the integrated intervention, and will further explore the intervention’s acceptability and feasibility.

RESULTS

At the time of submission, the study was at the stage of endpoint assessment. The data analysis started in December 2020, and the results are expected to be published after the first quarter of 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will address the burden of childhood developmental delays and poor maternal mental health in a low-resource setting. If proven effective, the delivery of the intervention through community health workers will ensure the proposed intervention’s sustainability.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN10892553; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10892553

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/25047
Diabetes self-management in online health communities: an information exchange perspective (Preprint)
Authors: Min Jing
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Online health communities (OHCs), with a wealth of multi-source information exchange, have provided a convenient way for diabetes patients to actively involve in their self-management and been widely used. Information exchange assists patients with health-related decisions to actively engage in their care, and reduce the occurrence of potential complications of diabetes. However, there has been relatively little research on the information exchange behaviors and its effect on health on professional online medical platforms—OHCs.

OBJECTIVE

Using a social exchange theory, we focus on two sources of information (doctors and patients) to investigate information exchange behaviors and moderating effects of information price.

METHODS

The logistic and ordinal regression models are used to get our empirical results by collecting a rich dataset from the biggest OHC in China.

RESULTS

We found that first information sharing from doctors (β=0.014, p<0.001) and other patients (β=0.009, p<0.01) can promote the patient’s information sharing behavior. Second, the moderating effects of information price are heterogeneous and change with the exchange participants (β=-0.005, p<0.001; β=0.003, p<0.05). Third, rich information exchange supports patients’ self-management and improves their health status (β=0.009, p<0.001; β=0.018, p<0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

This study is among the first that tests the information exchange behavior and consequence for diabetes patients in OHCs and examines the moderating effects of information price. Our present study produces several insights, which have implications for social exchange, patient behavior, online health communities, and information technology in diabetes self-management literature. By understanding the online information exchange behaviors of doctor-patient and patient-patient, we are able to understand how to reach people to receive and deliver diabetes information through these professional OHCs.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Phone App Intervention for Coping With Cancer as a Young Adult: Pilot Trial and Thematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Poort Hanneke , Ryan Annelise , MacDougall Katelyn , Malinowski Paige , MacDonald Anna , Markin Zach , Pirl William , Greer Joseph , Fasciano Karen
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Many young adult patients do not receive adequate psychosocial services to help them cope with cancer.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone app (iaya) intervention that was designed to create an engaged community of young adult patients and help them learn emotional coping skills.

METHODS

For this single-group pilot trial, 25 young adult patients aged 18-39 years who were receiving active cancer treatment were asked to use the iaya app for 12 weeks. To collect app use data, we used Mixpanel, an analytics platform for apps. Feasibility was assessed through rates of app sessions and the number of coping exercises engaged, and intervention acceptability was evaluated by using an app usability questionnaire and through qualitative interviews at study completion. We collected patient-reported outcome data at baseline and at week 12 to explore self-efficacy for coping with cancer, self-efficacy for managing emotions, perceived emotional support, and quality of life.

RESULTS

Baseline patient-reported outcome data indicated that participants scored relatively low on perceived emotional support but reasonably high on self-efficacy for coping with cancer and managing emotions as well as quality of life. Participants had a mean of 13 app sessions (SD 14) and 2 coping exercises (SD 3.83) in 12 weeks. Only 9% (2/23) of participants met our combined feasibility definition of ≥10 app sessions and ≥3 coping skills from different categories. The participants’ mean usability score was 73.7% (SD 10.84), which exceeded our predefined threshold of ≥70%, and qualitative feedback was generally positive.

CONCLUSIONS

Although perceived acceptable by patients, the iaya smartphone app did not meet the a priori feasibility criteria as a stand-alone app intervention. Future studies should screen participants for unmet coping needs and consider integrating the app as part of psychosocial care for young adult patients.

CLINICALTRIAL
Population Size Estimation Methods: Searching for the Holy Grail (Preprint)
Authors: Neal Joyce J , Prybylski Dimitri , Sanchez Travis , Hladik Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Accurate size estimates of key populations (eg, sex workers, people who inject drugs, transgender people, and men who have sex with men) can help to ensure adequate availability of services to prevent or treat HIV infection; inform HIV response planning, target setting, and resource allocation; and provide data for monitoring and evaluating program outcomes and impact. A gold standard method for population size estimation does not exist, but quality of estimates could be improved by using empirical methods, multiple data sources, and sound statistical concepts. To highlight such methods, a special collection of papers in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance has been released under the title “Key Population Size Estimations.” We provide a summary of these papers to highlight advances in the use of empirical methods and call attention to persistent gaps in information.
Twenty-Year Observational Study Shows Rising Alcohol-Attributable Death Profiles in the U.S. and Delaware
Authors: D’Souza Malcolm J. , Li Riza C. , Wentzien Derald E.
Published: October 2020

The U.S. alcohol-attributable mortality burden makes it the third-leading cause of preventable deaths. This 1999-2018 observational study used the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases codes and the alcohol-related disease impact (ARDI) causes of death records to track alcohol’s mortality burden. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention keeps Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) death certificates for the U.S. community. Evidence indicates that the U.S. ARDI mortality rates progressively trended upward (53.73%). Men were three times as likely as women to die, but female mortality rate changes (90.03%) advanced more rapidly than males. The study also revealed that the changes in alcohol-related death rate percentages for middle-age groups increased faster. In contrast, the African American/Black (AA/B) community’s age-adjusted mortality rate change patterns first declined and then increased. The alcohol-attributable mortality rate (1999 to 2018) difference for AA/B was -6.35%.Delaware’s population is around one million, and about 23% is African American/Black. The subgroup analysis for Delaware’s population was robust and showed alcohol-attributable mortality rates above national averages. This trend was apparent for both gender and race. In conclusion, for both the U.S. and Delaware, alcohol use disorder is a risk factor for mortality, especially for males.
EVALUATION OF MYOMETRIAL INVASION AND CERVICAL INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE I ENDOMETRIAL CANCER USING DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: WINARTO HARIYONO , ARTHA BRIAN PRIMA , MATONDANG SAHAT B. , HELLYANTI TANTRI , KEKALIH ARIA
Published: October 2020

Objective: Surgical procedure and adjuvant treatment of type I endometrial cancer were affected by some variables assessed preoperatively. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a promising modality in evaluating myometrial invasion and cervical involvement, investigating the diagnostic values of DWI in assessing myometrial invasion and cervical involvement.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. This study involved all type I endometrial cancer patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from April 2016 until April 2019. The depth of myometrial invasion and cervical involvement was examined using 1.5-T MR unit. The result was compared to the surgical pathologic findings as the reference standard.

Results: 34 types I endometrial cancer patients were enrolled in this study. The sensitivity of DWI in evaluating myometrial invasion and cervical involvement in type I endometrial cancer was 94.12% and 57.14%, while the specificity was 64.71% and 92.59%, respectively.

Conclusion: DWI can provide reliable prognostic variable information about the myometrial invasion and cervical involvement in the preoperative preparation of endometrial cancer patients.
S100B AS A SEROLOGIC MARKER FOR COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING OPEN-HEART SURGERY
Authors: BAKTIAR YOSHUA , SOENARTO RATNA FARIDA , ALATAS ANAS , AUERKARI AINO NINDYA
Published: October 2020

Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) can feature a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic to debilitating dementia, that lead to increased dependence, lower quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Protein S100B is a direct marker for neuronal cell damage. We aimed to evaluate S100B as a biomarker for predicting POCD following open-heart surgery.

Methods: This was an observational-analytic study to assess changes of the S100B level following open-heart surgery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. All subjects underwent cognitive function evaluations that consisted of six psychometric tests on the day prior to surgery and five days after surgery. Cognitive dysfunction was determined if there was a>20% cognitive score drop from baseline values in at least two tests. Blood samples for S100B were obtained (1) before the induction of anesthesia and (2) six hours after surgery. Samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for S100B. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.

Results: Among the 55 subjects analyzed, 31 (56.4%) were found to have a decline in cognitive function. There were no differences in baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and perioperative data. Oxygen contents also did not show significant differences at any time. The S100B levels in all subjects increased. This increase was>1.5x higher in subjects with POCD compared to those without POCD (2.15[0.22–60.03] vs. 1.33[0.15–19.77] ng/ml, p = 0.16). However, this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study showed that serum S100B is higher in POCD patients and has the potential to be a biomarker for predicting POCD after open-heart surgery.
PREFERENCES OF WOMEN IN JAKARTA ON LEARNING METHODS AND MEDIA RELATING TO HEALTHY EATING DURING PREGNANCY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: PUTRI ARIESKA MALIA NOVIA , CHANDRA DIAN NOVITA , WERDHANI RETNO ASTI , BARDOSONO SAPTAWATI
Published: October 2020

Objective: The nutrition of pregnant women and of their child during the first 1,000 d of life is vital, as it affects fetal development and maternal health. Nutrition education is a strategy used to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women by increasing their knowledge, encouraging the practice of diversity, and teaching the proper amounts of food consumed in accordance with the specific requirements of pregnancy. Learning methods should promote the sustainability of good nutritional habits. Educational media is an important component of a quality learning system. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of learning methods and media regarding nutrition and healthy eating during pregnancy.

Methods: The study is exploratory in design with a qualitative approach to data collection. It was conducted between May and September of 2019, with 37 pregnant women living in Jakarta who participated in an online survey by responding to a questionnaire.

Results: Three of findings on nutrition and health emerged: the source of information were individual learning (i.e., internet/social media, and print media) and non-individual learning (i.e., discussing with health workers, family and close friends); preferences expressed for learning materials were interactive books and videos; for learning methods, preferences were role-playing and simulation learning, peer teaching/cooperative learning, and lectures/seminars.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the provision of nutrition education for pregnant women should be presented through direct interaction and discussion using interesting and interactive learning media.
POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MAHKOTA DEWA LEAVES (PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHECFF.) BOERL.) TO INHIBIT INFLAMMATION IN MOUSE DISTAL COLON INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE (DSS) AND AZOXYMETHANE (AOM)
Authors: RAKASIWI MUHAMMAD ILHAM DHIYA , KUSMARDI KUSMARDI , ESTUNINGTYAS ARI , TEDJO ARYO
Published: October 2020

Objective: To demonstrates the ability of P. macrocarpa leaf extract to reduce inflammation of the distal colon in DSS/AOM-induced mice.

Methods: In vivo experimental research using Balb/c mice induced by 0.2 ml azoxymethane (AOM) 0.1% once and 1% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for one week; additionally, ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa leaves, 25 mg and 50 mg, and 0.84 mg acetosal were given orally. The mice were sacrificed after 20 w. Histopathological examination (hematoxylin-eosin staining) was conducted by counting the average number of goblet cells per crypt, inflammatory focus and angiogenesis.

Results: Ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa leaves was able to prevent the decrease in the number of goblet cells (p<0.05). However, the administration of ethanol P. macrocarpa leaf extract could not reduce focal inflammation and angiogenesis in inflammation of the distal colon.

Conclusion: Ethanol extract of the Mahkota Dewa leaves is able to prevent inflammation of the distal colon by preventing the decrease in the number of goblet cells.
An analysis of intermodal transport carrier selection criteria for pacific-rim imports to New England
Authors: Kumar Shashi N , Rajan Vijay
Published: October 2020

The introduction of double stack rail services opened up a variety of transportation options for shippers located in the North Eastern parts of the U.S. The availability of transcontinental double stack service from the Canadian West Coast has increased this option even further particularly because of a recent new service introduced by a small U.S. railroad company. The paper uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology to provide a decision-making framework for the intermodal choices of shippers located in the region suitable for duplication elsewhere where similar options exist.
Using demographic variables to predict graduating university students' critical thinking disposition
Authors: Karahan Ahmet , İskifoğlu Gökhan
Published: October 2020

We explored the extent to which 7 dimensions (truth-seeking, openmindedness, analyticity, systematicity, inquisitiveness, criticalthinking, self-confidence, and maturity of judgment) of the critical thinking disposition of graduating university students can be explained by their reading
habits, age, university entrance examination grade, cumulative grade point average, family socioeconomic level, mother's education level, and father's education level. Participants comprised 1,164 students who were graduating from various universities in Turkey. We used descriptive and inferential
approaches to data analysis. Results indicate that reading habits was the most significant first-order factor predicting a strong critical thinking disposition, followed by mother's education level, cumulative grade point average, and university entrance examination grade. Age and father's
education level explained the smallest amount of variance in critical thinking disposition. Implications of the results are discussed.
Impact of weight stigma on preadolescents' and adolescents' disordered eating behaviors: Testing two mediation models
Authors: Chen Hao , Ye Yiduo , Guo Jichang
Published: October 2020

We investigated potential mechanisms that may explain the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors, using 2 mediation models. In the first model we hypothesized that the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors would be mediated by
weight bias internalization, and jointly mediated by both weight bias internalization and core self-evaluation. In the alternative model we hypothesized that this relationship would be mediated by core self-evaluation, and jointly mediated by both core selfevaluation and weight bias internalization.
Participants were 421 primary and secondary school students (aged 9–14 years) representing various weight categories, who responded to items about their weight stigma, weight bias internalization, core self-evaluation, and disordered eating behaviors. Results show that the 2 mediation
models had a good fit to the data. Thus, improving core self-evaluation and reducing weight bias internalization appear to be significant for treating disordered eating behaviors in preadolescents and adolescents.
A reiteração do provisório: considerações sobre o emprego do Auxílio Aluguel no município de São Paulo
Authors: Silva Fernanda Pinheiro da
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo visa refletir sobre a função do Auxílio Aluguel, uma modalidade de atendimento habitacional provisório ofertada pela prefeitura de São Paulo, e relacionar seu uso com o processo de urbanização crítica da metrópole. Para tanto, expõe a dimensão alcançada pelo subsídio no quadro geral das condições de moradia popular na cidade de São Paulo, apresenta uma análise sobre a origem dessa modalidade de atendimento e segue com a caracterização de seus dependentes e dos principais motivos que levaram à sua inclusão no auxílio. Por fim, o emprego do Auxílio Aluguel é relacionado às características apresentadas e problematizado tanto em relação à política habitacional como no âmbito das estratégias de planejamento urbano operadas no município de São Paulo.
The Optoelectronic Installation for Counting the Seeds of Agricultural Crops
Authors: Kurzin Nikolay N. , Lebedev Dmitriy V. , Rozhkov Evgeniy A. , Bezverkhiy Vadim A.
Published: October 2020

Modern laboratory devices for counting the seeds are widely used in grain-cleaning enterprises and in research and agricultural centers, but they have disadvantages. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in design an innovative compact automatic optical-electronic plant for counting the seeds, which will have a minimum size and function according to a pre-set algorithm. (Materials and methods) The article describes the determined parameters of an optoelectronic device for counting the number of grains, taking into account the requirements for laboratory devices for counting the seeds of various agricultural crops. Authors have studied the operation of a device for counting the seeds of various agricultural crops using a designed algorithm. The installation has been modernized. The feeding mechanism has been changed and modern optoelectronic elements have been added to the recognition system, which make it possible to perform high-quality seed counting. (Results and discussion) It was found that the optocouplers added to the design after an experimental study of 10.000 seeds of wheat, corn, sunflower, rice, and oats showed deviations in time depending on the culture of 5-10 percent. (Conclusions) It was found that the design of an automatic optoelectronic plant for counting the number of seeds provides an effective process of working according to a predetermined algorithm with high accuracy of estimating the number of seeds (an error of about 1.8 percent). The device has a minimum overall size (3-5 kilograms). It was found that using a DC motor allows to create vibration on the plane for feeding seeds to the analysis zone. The developed installation has a minimum number of elements, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of its operation and durability to several decades.
A Concept of Precision Farming Based on the Notions of the Ideal Field and Digital Twin
Authors: Lichman Gennadiy I. , Korotchenya Valeriy M. , Smirnov Igor’ G. , Kurbanov Rashid K.
Published: October 2020

One of the ways to increase the efficiency of crop production is to maximize the genetic potential of agricultural crops. To do this, it is necessary to create the most favorable, ideal conditions for the growth of plants. At all stages of growth and development of plants there are their own indicators, which should be ideal (optimal). (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing an algorithm for calculating the parameters of an ideal field on the example of differential fertilization. (Materials and methods) Authors have used mathematical modeling using three basic concepts: responsiveness functions, the digital double of the agroecosystem (field), and the ideal field. The article presents the comparison of the parameters of the real field with the ideal one using a digital double of the real field. (Results and discussion) the parameters of the ideal field has been adjusted taking into account the parameters of the actual field based on the planned yield, requirements for agricultural technology, the used optimization criterion (the target function), and restrictions. In order to make optimal management decisions, along with the agrotechnical requirements for the cultivation of a particular crop, it is necessary to specify the parameters of the ideal field, which must be achieved in the actual field. The article presents the procedure for calculating the ideal field parameters using the example of solid mineral fertilizers. (Conclusions) The article presents an algorithm for calculating the optimal doses of differentiated fertilizer application based on the digital double of a specific field. The dose values are used to refine the parameters of the ideal field and adjust it during the growing season. The algorithm can be used to make optimal management decisions on differentiated seeding, tillage, and the use of plant protection products. As data on the state of soil, plants and knowledge base are accumulated in the form of plant responsiveness functions to certain agro-technical techniques, it is possible to increase the adequacy of the digital double of the actual field and obtain more reliable data for correcting the parameters of the ideal field.
Digital Electrical Technologies to Control Insect Behavior
Authors: Kondrat’eva Nadezhda P. , Buzmakov Daniil V. , Il’yasov Il’nur R. , Bol’shin Roman G. , Krasnolutskaya Mariya G.
Published: October 2020

One of the main pests of bee colonies is the large wax moth, which can destroy up to 30 percent of the honey in the hive. Controlling the behavior of living objects can be based on their positive or negative response to optical radiation characteristics such as spectrum and exposure. Many insects see ultraviolet radiation. Authors suggest using an environmentally friendly method to attract butterflies with optical radiation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing digital electrical technologies using a microprocessor-based automated system that allows controlling the behavior of large wax moth butterflies (Galleria mellonella) by implementing attractive characteristics of optical radiation. (Materials and methods) Authors controlled the behavior of a large wax moth using a developed automated system for maintaining the required duration of the experiment and optical radiation parameters. The main element of the system is the ATmega328 microcontroller, the program for which was written using the visual programming of FLProg 5.3.0. (Results and discussion) The use of digital electrotechnologies using the developed microprocessor automated control system on the ATmega328 microcontroller and assembled on the Arduino Uno Board makes it possible to implement energy-saving environmentally friendly light electrotechnologies for controlling the behavior of large wax moth butterflies. Regardless of the duration of the experiment, Galleria mellonella butterflies prefer radiation with a wavelength of 400 nanometers. (Conclusions) The experiments confirm that the radiation with a wavelength of 400 nanometers lasting 10 minutes at a temperature of 32 degrees Celsius and a humidity of 60 percent was attractive. These comfortable spectrum parameters allow to control the behavior of Galleria Mellonella by luring butterflies to a specific location in the hive.
MAIN TRENDS OF TERRORISM IN AFRICA TOWARDS 2025
Authors: González Yoslán Silverio
Published: October 2020

A região sahel-saariana, correspondente à África Ocidental e Central, permaneceu no centro do ativismo terrorista na África Subsaariana. Os países mais afetados continuam sendo Mali, Níger, Burkina Faso e Nigéria. No entanto, houve mudanças nas ações de vários grupos. Por um lado, Boko Haram diminuiu seu nível de violência, o que se manifesta na redução do número de vítimas civis, enquanto novas células foram reativadas na fronteira do Mali com Burkina Faso. Nesta área em particular, houve um aumento substancial de grupos como o Estado Islâmico no Grande Saara e o Estado Islâmico da África Ocidental, entre outros grupos de menor grau de organização. Por esse motivo, problemas de segurança e presença militar estrangeira foram mantidos em todos esses países. Uma situação semelhante é apresentada no Chifre da África, onde Al-Shabaab (ALS) é o grupo principal, afetando não apenas a Somália, mas também o Quênia com suas ações transfronteiriças. O papel do governo federal e as tropas da AMISOM foram insuficientes para reduzir ou finalmente eliminar a ALS. Por essas razões, o terrorismo continua sendo o maior desafio de segurança da região subsaariana e não será mitigado a longo prazo.
Sedentary Time and Metabolic Risk in Extremely Active Older Adults
Authors: Madden Kenneth M. , Feldman Boris , Chase Jocelyn
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

Increasing evidence suggests that time spent sedentary predicts increasing cardiometabolic risk independent of other physical activity. We objectively measured activity levels in active older adults and examined the association between sedentary behavior and the continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (cMSy).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Older adults (age ≥65 years) were recruited from the Whistler Masters ski team, a group of active older adults who undergo organized group training. Daily activity levels were recorded with accelerometers (SenseWear) worn for 7 days. A compositional approach was used to determine proportion of the time spent sedentary as compared with all other nonsedentary behaviors (isometric log-ratio transformation for time spent sedentary [ILR1]). Waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose were measured, and cMSy was calculated using principal component analysis (sum of eigenvalues ≥1.0).

RESULTS

Fifty-four subjects (30 women and 24 men, mean ± SE age 71.4 ± 0.6 years) were recruited. Subjects demonstrated high levels of physical activity (2.6 ± 0.2 h light activity and 3.9 ± 0.2 h moderate/vigorous activity). In our final parsimonious model, ILR1 showed a significant positive association with increasing cMSy (standardized β = 0.368 ± 0.110, R2 = 0.40, P = 0.002), independent of age and biological sex.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite high levels of activity, ILR1 demonstrated a strong association with cMSy. This suggests that even in active older adults, sedentary behavior is associated with increasing cardiometabolic risk.