bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Design of Multiplexed Coded Masks for Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography
Authors: GOPINATH SHIVASUBRAMANIAN , BLEAHU ANDREI , KAHRO TAUNO , RAJESWARY ARAVIND SIMON JOHN FRANCIS , KUMAR RAVI , KUKLI KAUPO , TAMM AILE , ROSEN JOSEPH , ANAND VIJAYAKUMAR
Published: March 2023

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a well-established incoherent digital holography technique. In FINCH, light from an object point splits into two, differently modulated using two diffractive lenses with different focal distances and interfered to form a self-interference hologram. The hologram numerically back propagates to reconstruct the image of the object at different depths. FINCH, in the inline configuration, requires at least three camera shots with different phase shifts between the two interfering beams followed by superposition to obtain a complex hologram that can be used to reconstruct an object’s image without the twin image and bias terms. In general, FINCH is implemented using an active device, such as a spatial light modulator, to display the diffractive lenses. The first version of FINCH used a phase mask generated by random multiplexing of two diffractive lenses, which resulted in high reconstruction noise. Therefore, a polarization multiplexing method was later developed to suppress the reconstruction noise at the expense of some power loss. In this study, a novel computational algorithm based on the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (GSA) called transport of amplitude into phase (TAP-GSA) was developed for FINCH to design multiplexed phase masks with high light throughput and low reconstruction noise. The simulation and optical experiments demonstrate a power efficiency improvement of ~ 150% and ~ 200% in the new method in comparison to random multiplexing and polarization multiplexing, respectively. The SNR of the proposed method is better than that of random multiplexing in all tested cases but lower than that of the polarization multiplexing method.
Contribution of the intra-hippocampal orexin system in the regulation of restraint stress response to pain-related behaviors in the formalin test
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi , Zareie Fatemeh , Gholami Masoumeh , Nazari-Serenjeh Farzaneh , Ghalandari-Shamami Mohadeseh , Haghparast Abbas
Published: March 2023

Stress-induced analgesia (SIA) is due to the activation of several neural pathways and neurotransmitters that often suppress pain perception. Studies have shown that the orexin neuropeptide system is essential in pain modulation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of orexinergic receptors in the hippocampal CA1 region in modulating the SIA response during the formalin test as an animal model of inflammatory pain. Orexin-1 receptor (OX1r) antagonist, SB334867, at 1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol or TCS OX2 29 as orexin-2 receptor (OX2r) antagonist at the same doses were microinjected into the CA1 region in rats. Five minutes later, rats were exposed to restraint stress (RS) for 3 hours, and pain-related behaviors were monitored in 5-min blocks for the 60-min test period in the formalin test. Results showed that applying RS for 3 hours reduced pain responses in the early and late phases of the formalin test. The main findings showed that intra-CA1 injection of orexin receptor antagonists reduced the analgesia caused by stress in both phases of the formalin test. In addition, the contribution of OX1r in mediating the analgesic effect of stress was more prominent than that of OX2r in the early phase of the formalin test. However, in the late phase, both receptors worked similarly. Accordingly, the orexin system and its two receptors in the CA1 region of the hippocampus regulate the SIA response to this animal model of chronic pain.
Sex-specific colonic mitochondrial dysfunction in the indomethacin-induced inflammatory bowel disease model in rats
Authors: Hoang Ngoc , Brooks Karen , Edwards Kristin
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and encompasses Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Women appear to have more severe and recurring symptoms of IBD compared to men, most likely due to hormonal fluctuations. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of inflammation and there is evidence of colon mitochondrial alterations in IBD models and patients. In this study we have identified the presence of sex-specific colon mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model of IBD.
Methods: Eight-week-old male and female rats were treated with indomethacin to induce IBD and mitoTEMPO was administered daily either after or before induction of IBD and until euthanasia. Colons were collected for histology and mitochondrial experiments. Intact mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (mtROS), the activities of the individual electron transport complexes and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes were measured to assess mitochondrial function.
Results: IBD male rats showed a decrease in citrate synthase activity, cardiolipin levels, catalase activity and an increase in mtROS production. IBD females show a decrease in intact colon mitochondrial respiration, colon mitochondria respiratory control ratio (RCR), complex I activity, complex IV activity, and an increase in mtROS. Interestingly, control females showed a significantly higher rate of complex I and II-driven intact mitochondrial respiration, MCFA oxidation, complex II activity, complex III activity, and complex IV activity compared to control males. The use of a mitochondrial-targeted therapy, mitoTEMPO, improved the disease and colon mitochondrial function in female IBD rats. However, in the males there was no observed improvement, likely due to the decrease in catalase activity.
Conclusions: Our study provides a better understanding of the role mitochondria in the development of IBD and highlights sex differences in colon mitochondrial function. It also opens an avenue for the development of strategies to re-establish normal mitochondrial function that could provide more options for preventive and therapeutic interventions for IBD.
Emerging Trends on the Correlation Between Diabetes and Oxidative Stress from 2003 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhou Guozhong , Zhou Yuanyuan , Tu Yungui , Shi Wei , Shi Weili , Long Rong , Kong Defu , Yang Feifei , Chen Nan
Published: March 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications pose serious threats to global public health. As diabetes is a systemic metabolic disease, various studies have shown that it is associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, studies linking diabetes and oxidative stress have received considerable attention. However, no previous studies have analysed the relationship between diabetes and oxidative stress through a bibliometric approach. To fill this knowledge gap and summarise the research hotspots and trends, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global scientific publications in this field.
Methods: We extracted all relevant English-language publications on diabetes and oxidative stress from the Web of Science between 1 January 2003 and 31 October 2022. CiteSpace V 5.8.R3, VOSviewer 1.6.16, and two online analysis platforms were used for bibliometric and visual analyses.
Results: A total of 44291 articles were identified, including 33,710 articles, 9473 reviews, and 1108 meeting abstracts. The number of publications has increased gradually over the past 20 years. China and the United States are the largest contributors to publications in this field. China Med University is the institution with most publications, and LU CAI is the author with the most publications. There is relatively little collaboration among institutions in different countries. The journal that published the most papers related to diabetes and oxidative stress is the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. According to co-cited references result, ‘bioactive compounds’, ‘SGLT2 inhibitors’, ‘diabetic cardiomyopathy’, and ‘diabetic retinopathy’ are the main research hotspots. Based on the results of the topic evolution, ‘risk’, ‘expression’, ‘oxidative stress’, and ‘antioxidant activity’ are focal points of current research.
Conclusion: This study provides a systematic and objective view of the field, which helps readers evaluate the characteristics of publications involving diabetes and oxidative stress and helps researchers formulate rational research protocols.
Novel Methods to Measure the Quality of 2D Images Compression Techniques
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed H. , Fadhel Hussein Nadhem , Siddeq Mohammed M.
Published: March 2023

It is essential to use image quality measuring metrics tools that can provide accurate and close to perceived quality sense of the tested images. Such tools give metrics that can be used to compare the performance of compression algorithms. In this paper, two new metrics to measure the quality of decompressed images are proposed. Compared with other metrics e.g. peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and root mean square error (RMSE), the proposed metrics give values with the closest reflection of image quality perception by the human eye.
Perilipin5 protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by increasing 11-Dodecenoic acid and inhibiting the occurrence of ferroptosis
Authors: Xu Xinming , Qiu Jin , Li Xiaoya , Chen Juntong , Li Yue , Huang Xinmei , Zang Shufei , Ma Xinran , Liu Jun
Published: March 2023

Background
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major contributor to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There remains no effective pharmacological therapy. The hepatic lipid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation are regulated by Perilipin5 (Plin5). However, it is yet unknown how Plin5 affects NASH and the molecular process.
Methods
High-fat, high-cholesterol and high-fructose (HFHC) diets were used to mimic the progression of NASH in wild type (WT) mice and Plin5 knockout (Plin5 KO) mice. The degree of ferroptosis was measured by detecting the expression of key genes of ferroptosis and the level of lipid peroxide. The degree of NASH was judged by observing the morphology of the liver, detecting the expression of inflammation and fibrosis related genes of liver damage. Plin5 was overexpressed in the liver of mice by tail vein injection of adenovirus, and the process of NASH was simulated by methionine choline deficiency (MCD) diet. The occurrence of ferroptosis and NASH was detected by the same detection method. Targeted lipidomics sequencing was used to detect the difference in free fatty acid expression in the WT Plin5 KO group. Finally, it was verified in cell experiments to further study the effect of free fatty acids on ferroptosis of hepatocytes.
Results
In various NASH models, hepatic Plin5 was dramatically reduced. Plin5 knockout (KO) worsened NASH-associated characteristics in mice given a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, such as lipid accumulation, inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. It has been shown that ferroptosis is involved in NASH progression. We revealed that Plin5 KO in mice aggravated the degree of ferroptosis in NASH models. Conversely, overexpression of Plin5 significantly alleviated ferroptosis and further ameliorated progression of MCD-induced NASH. Analysis of livers obtained from HFHC diet-fed mice by targeted lipidomics revealed that 11-Dodecenoic acid was significantly decreased in Plin5 KO mice. Addition of 11-Dodecenoia acid to Plin5 knockdown hepatocytes effectively prevented ferroptosis.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that Plin5 protects against NASH progression by increasing 11-Dodecenoic acid level and further inhibiting ferroptosis, suggesting that Plin5 has therapeutic potential as a target for the management of NASH.
Intractable chylous leak after radical esophagectomy treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Ahn Seha , Lee Heejin , Kang Joon Kyu , Kim In Sub , Moon Youngkyu , Choi Jung Suk , Jeong Seong Cheol , Choi Si Young
Published: March 2023

Postoperative chylous leak after esophagectomy is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that results in hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, and immunologic deficiency. However, the management of postoperative chylous leak remains controversial. Following a diagnosis of esophageal cancer, a 64-year-old man was treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy, laparoscopic gastric tube formation, prophylactically thoracic duct ligation, and reconstruction with esophagogastrostomy at the neck level. Massive postoperative drainage from the thorax and abdomen did not initially meet the diagnostic criteria for chylothorax, which was ultimately diagnosed 3 weeks after the operation. Despite various treatments including total parenteral nutrition, octreotide and midodrine, reoperation (thoracic duct ligation and mechanical pleurodesis), and thoracic duct embolization, the chylous leak persisted. Finally, low-dose radiation therapy was administered with a daily dose of 2 Gy and completed at a total dose of 14 Gy. After this, the amount of pleural effusion gradually decreased over 2 weeks, and the last drainage tube was removed. The patient was alive and well at 60 months postoperatively. Herein, we describe a patient with intractable chylous leak after esophagectomy, which persisted despite conservative treatment, thoracic duct ligation, and embolization, but was finally successfully treated with radiotherapy.
Analysis of Repeaters in Fiber Optic Communication
Authors: S Sabapathi.T , Student Rakshana.C
Published: March 2023

An Optical Repeater is used in a fiber optic communications system to regenerate the input optical signal and they are used to transmit a long distance by overcoming loss due to the attenuation of the optical fiber. Repeaters are used to boost incoming signals in the fiber. Optical Spectrum at different links in a fiber optic link is being observed. For some conditions, the output spectrum of an EDFA/OA would be distorted this has to be analyzed for various settings of OA so that optimum transmitted power, optimum repeater spacing, and optimum individual repeaters parameters are to be found out which will make the WDM spectrum with uniform gain for all wavelengths. The main objective is to increase the spacing between the repeaters and hence reduce the number of repeaters and find the optimum transmitting power and reduce the non-linearities such as Four Wave Mixing, Self-Phase Modulation, and Cross-Phase Modulation
Associations between Probiotic Exposure and Hepatic Steatosis: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Song Yancheng , Guo Wencong , Wang Junke , Liu Shuguang , Li Zhaopeng , Li Zhao , Guo Dong , Li Yu
Published: March 2023

Background: Recent research showed that probiotics treatment may reduce insulin resistance, regulate lipid metabolism, raise liver enzyme levels, and ameliorate inflammation in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between probiotic use and hepatic steatosis in people has not been identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between probiotic exposure and hepatic steatosis.
Methods: The cross-sectional research was conducted among adults with complete data on probiotic exposure and hepatic steatosis in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Probiotic exposure was assessed using a dietary supplement questionnaire. Hepatic steatosis was evaluated with hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Weighted multivariable regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between probiotic exposure and hepatic steatosis. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to analyze the curve association between yogurt and hepatic steatosis.
Results：A total of 7891 participants were included in the study represented 146.7 million non-institutionalized residents of the United States, of whom 4322 (54.77%) were diagnosed with hepatic steatosis. Multivariable logistic regression showed probiotic exposure had significantly inverse associations for hepatic steatosis (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97, P=0.02) after adjusting for all covariates. Once more, the independent relationship between probiotic exposure and hepatic steatosis was verified by subgroup analysis and interaction analysis. The restricted cubic spline model demonstrated a robust J-shaped link between yogurt and hepatic steatosis, revealing a significant decrease in risk within the lower range of yogurt, which attained the lowest risk close to 0.4 cup.
Conclusions: These results suggested that probiotic exposure may have beneficial effects for hepatic steatosis, along with a J-shaped relationship between yogurt and hepatic steatosis. This study recommends that adults take half a cup of yogurt daily. Further research is required to identify the mechanistic relationships between probiotics exposure and hepatic steatosis.
Proteome profiling of hippocampus reveals the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Dai Yuting , Sun Xiaopeng , Ma Yuan , Wang Mingshan , Qin Weiwei
Published: March 2023

Background: Cerebral ischemic is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Blood reperfusion of ischemic cerebral tissue may cause cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.
Methods: In this study, a rat model of global cerebral I/R injury was established via Pulsinelli’s four-vessel occlusion (4-VO)method. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)and bioinformatics analysis were employed to examine the ipsilateral hippocampus proteome profiles of rats with/without MH (32℃) treatment after IR injury.
Results: Totally 2 122 proteins were identified, among which 153 proteins were significantly changed associated with MH (n=7 per group, fold change-1.5, p < 0.05). GO annotation of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed that cellular oxidant detoxification, response to zinc ion, aging, oxygen transport, negative regulation of catalytic activity, response to hypoxia, regulation of protein phosphorylation, and cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus were significantly enriched with MH treatment. The KEGG analysis indicated that metabolic pathways, thermogenesis, pathways of neurodegeneration, chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were significantly enriched with MH treatment. Importantly, changes in 16 DEPs were reversed by MH treatment. Among them, VCAM-1, S100A8, CaMKK2 and MKK7 were verified as potential markers associated with MH neuroprotection by Western blot analysis.
Conclusions: This study is one of the first to investigate the neuroprotective effects of MH on the hippocampus proteome of experimental models of cerebral IR injury. These DEPs may be involved in the most fundamental molecular mechanisms of MH neuroprotection, and provide a scientific foundation for further promotion of reparative strategies in cerebral IR injury.
Transient intracranial pressure elevations are associated with sleep apnea
Authors: Riedel Casper Schwartz , Martinez-Tejada Isabel , Andresen Morten , Wilhjelm Jens E. , Jennum Poul , Juhler Marianne
Published: March 2023

Background
Repetitive transient intracranial pressure waveform elevations up to 50 mmHg (ICP B-waves) are often used to define pathological conditions and determine intracranial pressure-reducing treatment indications. We recently showed that nocturnal transient ICP elevations are present in patients without structural brain lesions or hydrocephalus in whom they are associated with sleep apnea. However, whether this signifies a general association between intracranial pressure patterns and sleep apnea is still unknown.
Methods
We included 34 patients with hydrocephalus, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), referred to the Neurosurgical Department, Copenhagen, Denmark, from 2017 to 2021. Every patient underwent a diagnostic overnight intracranial pressure monitoring on clinical indications with simultaneous polysomnography (PSG) sleep studies. All transient ICP elevations were objectively quantified for all patients. Three patients were monitored with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for an additional night.
Results
All patients had transient intracranial pressure elevations associated with sleep apnea. The mean temporal delay from sleep apnea to transient intracranial pressure elevations for all patients was 3.6 seconds (SEM 0.2 seconds). High amplitude ramp-type transient intracranial pressure elevations were associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and sinusoidal-type elevations with non-REM (NREM) sleep. CPAP treatment reduced the number of transient intracranial pressure elevations in all three patients (mean 37%). CPAP treatment elevated the mean intracranial pressure during sleep in two patients by 1.2 and 5.6 mmHg, respectively, and reduced the mean intracranial pressure in one patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt by 1.0 mmHg.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that sleep apnea causes a significant proportion of transient intracranial pressure elevations, and sleep apnea should be considered in intracranial pressure evaluation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment can reduce their occurrence. However, CPAP may concurrently elevate the mean intracranial pressure. More research is needed on the impact of slow oscillating mechanisms on transient intracranial pressure elevations during high intracranial pressure and REM sleep.
Past attachment experiences, the potential link of mentalization and the transmission of behavior to the child by mothers with mental health problems: cross-sectional analysis of a clinical sample
Authors: Mattheß Janna , Koch Gabriele , Keil Thomas , Roll Stephanie , Berghöfer Anne , Ludwig-Körner Christiane , Schlensog-Schuster Franziska , Sprengeler Mona Katharina , von Klitzing Kai , Kuchinke Lars
Published: March 2023

Maternal capacity to mentalize (= reflective functioning, RF), secure attachment and emotional available parenting has an impact on the child’s development. The transmission of past attachment experiences of mother’s made with both her caregivers in her own childhood and the impact on current mother-child interaction is part of the ‘transmission gap’. This study explores the transgenerational transmission mechanisms and the potential moderating effect of RF in a clinical sample of 113 mother-child dyads suffering from mental health problems. In a cross-sectional study the associations between maternal attachment experiences, RF (coded based on Adult Attachment Interviews) and current mother-child interaction (Emotional Availability Scales) were examined with univariate correlation-, moderator analyses, and structural equation models. We found relationships between attachment experiences and mother-child interaction, but RF had no moderating effect. Past loving experiences and perceived neglection particularly with the own father in childhood were predictors for the present mother-child interaction. There seems to be an intergenerational transmission of attachment experiences to the ongoing generation. Particularly past adverse childhood experiences with the own father seem to explain currently disruptive interactions with the child.
Trial Registration IDs: DRKS00017008 & DRKS00016353
Cystic squamous metaplasia in a giant benign phyllodes tumor of the breast: A case report
Authors: Niyonkuru Evrard , Nisabwe Simon , Sami Zineb , Faizi Issam , Mazti Asmae , Elkarroumi Mohamed , Karkouri Mehdi
Published: March 2023

Background

Phyllodes tumor is rare tumor of the breast, which encompasses both stromal and epithelial components. In these components, metaplastic changes can be observed occasionally.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 51-year-old woman nulligest menopaused who presented a huge mass, largely ulcerated in her right breast. The radiological examination revealed a large tumor with microcalicifications classified as Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System [BI-RADS] category 5. The patient undergone right mastectomy and the histological analysis revealed benign phyllodes tumor with cystic squamous metaplasia.

Conclusions

It is essential to be aware of this uncommon event in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
MicroMagnify: a multiplexed expansion microscopy method for pathogens and infected tissues
Authors: Zhao Yongxin , Cheng Zhangyu , Stefani Caroline , Skillman Thomas , Klimas Aleksandra , Lee Aramchan , DiBernardo Emma , Brown Karina Mueller , Milman Tatyana , Gallagher Brendan , Lagree Katherine , Jena Bhanu , Pulido Jose , Filler Scott , Mitchell Aaron , Hiller Luisa , Lacy-Hulbert Adam
Published: March 2023

Super-resolution optical imaging tools are crucial in microbiology to understand the complex structures and behavior of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, the capabilities of these tools, particularly when it comes to imaging pathogens and infected tissues, remain limited. We developed µMagnify, a nanoscale multiplexed imaging method for pathogens and infected tissues that are derived from an expansion microscopy technique with a universal biomolecular anchor. We formulated an enzyme cocktail specifically designed for robust cell wall digestion and expansion of microbial cells without distortion while efficiently retaining biomolecules suitable for high-plex fluorescence imaging with nanoscale precision. Additionally, we developed an associated virtual reality tool to facilitate the visualization and navigation of complex three-dimensional images generated by this method in an immersive environment allowing collaborative exploration among researchers around the world. µMagnify is a valuable imaging platform for studying how microbes interact with their host systems and enables development of new diagnosis strategies against infectious diseases.
A Monte Carlo Study on Skin Dose Contamination Coefficients of 252Cf Radionuclide
Authors: Malidarre Roya Boodaghi , Akkurt Iskender
Published: March 2023

Handling of 252Cf radionuclide source can lead to contamination of the skin surface in case of an accident. There is still an increasing demand to have dose conversion coefficients of each primary particle and different sources. On the other hand, there is no literature that presents actual values and methods for determining skin dose contamination and its coefficients for 252Cf source. Thus, this paper is concerned with quantifying the received dose rate and its coefficients in the skin as a result of a contamination scenario. The equivalent and absorbed dose rates, as well as SDCC, are estimated using MCNPX Monte-Carlo simulation’s well-established calculation code in the skin. Two methods i.e. watt fission and doppler effect are proposed for calculating particles’ spectra, and consequently, with the help of flux–to–dose conversion function Equivalent dose rates are derived. Also, the SDCC on the skin surface for different particles is obtained and these values are reported for 252Cf radionuclide. The particles of interest in this study are neutrons and gamma photons. The new dose coefficients allow the estimation of the skin dose contamination in radionuclides of interest.
Association of plasma iron with the risk of incident cancer in Chinese adults with hypertension: a nested case-control study
Authors: Zhu Hehao , Wei Yaping , He Qiangqiang , Song Yun , Liu Lishun , Zhou Ziyi , Li Jianping , Zhang Yan , Sun Yong , Zhang Hao , Guo Huiyuan , Xu Xiping , Wang Binyan
Published: March 2023

Background: Iron is an essential element for organismal health but excessive iron is potentially toxic. However, few observational studies link plasma iron (PI) concentrations and cancer risk, and the results are inconsistent.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the associations of PI concentrations with cancer risk in Chinese adults with hypertension.
Methods: We conducted a nested, case-control study, including 223 pairs of incident cancer cases and matched controls from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. The median time between blood sample collection and subsequent cancer event occurrence was 2.13 years. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of cancer by PI were estimated from multivariable conditional logistic regression models.
Results: There was a J-shaped association between PI concentrations and total cancer risk. When compared with participants in tertile 2 of PI, the ORs of total cancer were 2.17 (95% CI: 1.25,3.85) and 1.29 (95% CI: 0.77,2.19) in participants in PI tertiles 3 and 1, respectively. Furthermore, higher PI was associated with increased digestive system cancer risk (OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.29,8.90), while lower PI was associated with increased risk of non-digestive system cancer (OR=3.32,95% CI=1.39,8.71). In a sensitivity analysis, the increases in total cancer risk or digestive system cancer risk were still observed with higher PI after excluding cancer cases occurring within the first year.
Conclusions: Our results showed an increased risk of cancer related to higher PI or lower PI in Chinese adults with hypertension. Higher iron levels were linked to increased risk of digestive system cancers, whereas lower iron levels were linked to increased risk of non-digestive system cancers.
A correlational study of Uranium in groundwater with other physico- chemical parameters using GIS mapping in Godda district, Jharkhand
Authors: Srivast Mansi , Srivas P. K.
Published: March 2023

The present research concentrates on the cumulative use of GPS and GIS technologies, which are excellent resources for analyzing and monitoring divergent physico-chemical parameters in groundwater, including pH, TDS, E.C., ORP, Ca+2, Mg+2, NO3-, F-, SO4-2, Cl-, and PO4-3 with explicit regard to Uranium. Garmin GPS is used to record the locations of the sampling points in the Godda study area. The research aims to offer a thorough understanding of the relationship between soil and water, its impact on public health and the extent to which water can be used in various ways based on its quality. Utilizing the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique, it is examined how these groundwater parameters and the Water Quality Index can be estimated spatially. Additionally, a correlation analysis of the water quality parameters is computed to estimate the local population's cancer risk living in the study area. Except for calcium and magnesium, which are present in excess concentrations throughout the study area with the highest values of 325 and 406 mg/l, respectively, at Amediha, Meherma, the results showed that the maximum concentration parameters are within limits with the standard. The main reason might be the area's predominance of alfisols soil type. The radioactive element uranium is found to be in a limited number. Chemo-toxicity and radiological risk assessment of the whole area lie far below the restricted cancer risk limit, i.e. 30 ppb with the highest concentration of 14 ppb in the "Sunderpahari" region, following the results obtained. The water quality index for the area ranges from "Good" to "Very Poor." The results were favorable, but a few sites, such as 'Boarijor' and its surroundings, require additional attention to enhance groundwater quality. Given Uranium's low availability in groundwater, the region's cancer risk assessment is below average.
Estimation of Transverse Velocity and Concentration Profile Using Kumaraswamy Distribution
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Joshi N.
Published: March 2023

To measure the lateral distribution of the velocity is very important as it is associated with riverine flow processes like distribution of shear stress, sediment concentration distribution, diffusion coefficients, secondary current’s distribution, etc. Many formulations were proposed for lateral distribution of velocity with each being somehow complex in its application. In present study Kumaraswamy’s distribution was utilized to propose a lateral velocity distribution which uses mean velocity and Kumaraswamy’s parameters a and b. It was observed in the study that skewness in the velocity distribution is a function of both a and b. Kumaraswamy’s distribution have been observed to predict the velocity profile in a satisfactory manner and when utilized to predict the transverse concentration profile along-with Ahmad’s scheme, predicted it satisfactorily.
Compact surfaces with boundary with prescribed mean curvature depending on the Gauss map
Authors: Bueno Antonio , López Rafael
Published: March 2023

Given a C1 function H defined in the unit sphere S2, an H-surface M is a surface in the Euclidean space R3 whose mean curvature HM satisfies HM(p) = H(Np), p ∈ M, where N is the Gauss map of M. Given a closed simple curve Γ ⊂ R3 and a function H, in this paper we investigate the geometry of compact H-surfaces spanning Γ in terms of Γ. Under mild assumptions on H, we prove non-existence of closed H-surfaces, in contrast with the classical case of constant mean curvature. We give conditions on H that ensure that if Γ is a circle, then M is a rotational surface. We also establish the existence of estimates of the area of H-surfaces in terms of the height of the surface.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 53A10, 53C42, 35J93, 35B06, 35B50.
Online citizen science with the Zooniverse for analysis of biological volumetric data
Authors: Smith Patricia , King Oliver NF , Pennington Avery , Tun Win , Basham Mark , Jones Martin L , Collinson Lucy M , Darrow Michele C , Spiers Helen
Published: March 2023

Public participation in research, also known as citizen science, is being increasingly adopted for the analysis of biological volumetric data. Researchers working in this domain are applying online citizen science as a scalable distributed data analysis approach, with recent research demonstrating that non-experts can productively contribute to tasks such as the segmentation of organelles in volume electron microscopy data. This, alongside the growing challenge to rapidly process the large amounts of biological volumetric data now routinely produced, means there is increasing interest within the research community to apply online citizen science for the analysis of data in this context. Here, we synthesise core methodological principles and practices for applying citizen science for analysis of biological volumetric data. We collate and share the knowledge and experience of multiple research teams who have applied online citizen science for the analysis of volumetric biological data using the Zooniverse platform (www.zooniverse.org). We hope this provides inspiration and practical guidance regarding how contributor effort via online citizen science may be usefully applied in this domain.
Malaria misdiagnosis in the routine health system in Arba Minch area district in southwest Ethiopia: an implication for malaria control and elimination
Authors: Yigezu Engida , Wondale Biniam , Abebe Daniel , Tamiru Girum , Eligo Nigatu , Lindtjørn Bernt , Gadisa Endalamaw , Tadesse Fitsum Girma , Massebo Fekadu
Published: March 2023

Background
Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) are the two widely used malaria diagnostic tools in Ethiopian health facilities. Accurate diagnosis is vital for appropriate treatment of cases to interrupt its transmission. Missing malaria cases, species misdiagnosis and false positive or negative reports might compromise the control and elimination effort. Therefore, this study assessed the status of species-specific misdiagnosis by microscope compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Methods
A cross-sectional survey based on health facilities was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020.
Results
A total of 254 microscopically negative and 193 microscopically positive malaria cases were included. Of the 193 malaria positive cases, 46.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.9–53.4) (89/193) were Plasmodium falciparum infection, 52.3% (95% CI: 45.0-59.5) (101/193) were P. vivax infection, and 1.6% (3/193) had mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Of the microscopically positive cases of P. falciparum, 84.3% (75/89) were confirmed as P. falciparum, 3.4% (3/89) were P. vivax and 11.2% (10/89) were mixed infections with P. falciparum and P. vivax and only one case was negative molecularly. Similarly, of the microscopically positive cases of P. vivax cases, 92.1% (93/101) were confirmed as P. vivax, 5.9% (6/101) were P. falciparum and 1% (1/101) was mixed infection. Single case was negative by molecular technique. Of the 254 microscopically negative cases, 0.8% of cases were tested positive for P. falciparum and 2% for P. vivax. Considering molecular technique as a reference, the sensitivity of microscopy for detecting P. falciparum was 89.2 and for P. vivax, it was 91.2. The specificity of microscopy for detecting P. falciparum was 96.1 and for P. vivax, it was 97.7. However, the sensitivity of microscopy in detecting mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax was low (8.3%).
Conclusion
Based on our results, many P. falciparum and P. vivax mixed infections were microscopically overlooked and underreported in the routine healthcare system. In addition, there were cases left untreated or inappropriately treated. Therefore, to minimise this problem, the gaps in the microscopic-based malaria diagnosis should be identified and regularly monitored to ensure the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Tricuspid Annular Area and Leaflets Stretch are Associated with Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation – Insights from Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography –
Authors: Ogawa Mana , Ito Asahiro , Ito Ayaka , Kim Andrew T , Ishikawa Sera , Iwata Shinichi , Takahashi Yosuke , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Shibata Toshihiko , Fukuda Daiju
Published: March 2023

Background
The presence of functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with mortality and morbidity. Although uniform management with a tricuspid annuloplasty ring is currently considered as a standard surgical procedure, high rates of residual TR despite annuloplasty are reported. Therefore, the identification of the TR mechanisms would be necessary to provide personalized treatment for each TR patient.
Methods
This study population consisted of 106 patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) who were scheduled for procedure. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were performed prior to mitral valve intervention. We performed three-dimensional quantitative assessment including tricuspid annular (TA) area and the distance between the three commissures of tricuspid valve.
Results
Significant TR, which is defined as moderate or greater TR, was detected in 23 (22%). TA area (P < 0.01), the distance of septal-leaflet length (SL) (P = 0.03) and posterior-leaflet length (PL) (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with significant TR, while TA diameter assessed by transthoracic echocardiography was not. When patients were divided into four groups according to SL and PL, the group with longer SL and PL had a significantly higher incidence of significant TR (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Greater stretch of the septal and posterior leaflet between commissures and larger TA area are associated with significant TR in patients with severe MR. In order to prevent TR recurrence, the intervention of the septal leaflet in tricuspid annuloplasty may be beneficial. The precise implement of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography of tricuspid valve is valuable for a personalized strategy of tricuspid annuloplasty.
Numerical Modelling of Elastic Waves based on the Asymmetric Wave Equations
Authors: BAI WENLEI , LIU HONG , LI YOUMING , WANG ZHIYANG
Published: March 2023

It is a trend in the development of geophysics to seek wave theory closer to the physical reality and derive corresponding wave equations to achieve the high accurate forward modelling, imaging, and inversion of complex structures. The generalized continuum mechanics (GCM) theory enriches the context of the conventional continuum mechanics theory by introducing the additional characteristic length scale parameters to represent the microstructural properties of the medium, and the asymmetric elastic wave equations derived from GCM theory can handle the influence of heterogeneity of medium caused by the microstructure interactions on propagation of seismic waves. Up to the present stage, there are few researches on the numerical and analytical solutions of the elastic wave equations derived from the GCM theory, especially in the frequency band of seismic exploration. In addition, there are few studies in the existing literature that incorporate multiple theories and methods of the GCM theory into an integrated frame. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the multi-scale microstructure interactions and construct quantitative relationship between the characteristic length scale parameter and the characteristic length scale parameter of the micropore reflects the micropore structures, and then integrate the modified couple stress theory and the one-parameter second strain gradient theory into the unified framework for numerical modelling and analysis.
ARF6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation through activating STAT3 signaling
Authors: Hu Yabing , Huang Yongchu , Xie Xiaohang , Li Longshan , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xiaochao
Published: March 2023

Purpose Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HCC proliferation remains obscure. In this study, we show that high expression of ARF6 is related to a poor clinical prognosis, which could drive the proliferation of HCC.
Methods The expression level of ARF6 in HCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Clinical significance of ARF6 was estimated in primary HCC patients. The effect of ARF6 on tumor proliferation was investigated by in vitro CCK8 and colony formation assay, and in vivo nude mouse xenograft models. ARF6 localization was investigated by immunofluorescence. Cell cycle-related proteins were evaluated by western blotting. Moreover, the correlation between ARF6 and STAT3 signaling in HCC was detected by western blotting, immunohistochemistry and xenograft assay.
Results ARF6 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues and high expression of ARF6 was significantly correlated with poor tumor differentiation, incomplete tumor encapsulation, advanced tumor TNM stage and poor prognosis. ARF6 positively regulated the cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression of HCC cells. In vivo nude mouse xenograft models proved the oncogenic role of ARF6 in tumor growth. In addition, ARF6 promoted the activation of STAT3 signaling and ARF6 expression was positively correlated with phosphorylated STAT3 in HCC tissues. Furthermore, interference of STAT3 demonstrated STAT3 as an important signaling pathway for the oncogenic role of ARF6 in HCC.
Conclusions Our findings indicate that ARF6 promotes HCC proliferation through activating STAT3 signaling, suggesting that ARF6 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Arsenic Sulfide EnhancesRadiosensitization in Rhabdomyosarcoma via Activating NFATc3-RAG1 Mediated DNA Double Strand Break (DSB)
Authors: Cai Yu , Zhu Chuanying , Lu Shumin , Kang Ting , Feng Zhuowei , Chen Shuxian , Chen Siyu
Published: March 2023

Background: Due to the high level of recurrence and metastasis, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents one of the most lethal soft-tissue sarcomas in children. It is thus imperative to explore a novel radiosensitizer to enhance the curative of radiotherapy in RMS patients. The trace element arsenic has been reported to function as a radiosensitizer in sarcomas. To determine whether arsenic sulfide (As4S4) potentiates radiation sensitization in RMS, we carried out this study to investigate the mechanism of As4S4 in radiotherapy.
Methods: RMS cell line (A-673) was treated with As4S4 and radiotherapy. Cell viability and drug-induced apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot and real-time qPCR were carried out to detect the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 (NFATc3) and recombination activating 1 (RAG1). DNA damage-associated proteins were also determined. For in vivo experiments, the therapeutic efficacy of As4S4-induced radiosensitization was evaluated via xenograft tumors in mice. To identify NFATc3 and RAG1, which were mostly involved in the mechanism of radiosensitization, we established a clinical cohort of 59 RMS patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was applied to detect the expression of NFATc3 and RAG1 in RMS tissues in order to analyze the relationship with prognosis. We further developed a prediction model using stepwise logistic regression.
Results: As4S4 combined with radiotherapy exhibited predominant inhibition in RMS cells through CCK-8 and flow cytometry. We revealed that As4S4 as well as the knockdown of NFATc3 resulted in DSB in RMS cells by the increased expression of RAG1. Our in vivo experiment confirmed that co-treatment exerted efficient inhibition of RMS growth. In a clinical cohort of 59 RMS patients, survival analysis showed that NFATc3 and RAG1 were related to overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis further indicated that NFATc3, RAG1, and Risk level could be regarded as independent prognostic factors for RMS patients.
Conclusions: In summary, As4S4 enhances radiosensitization in RMS via activating NFATc3-RAG1 mediated DNA DSB. NFATc3 and RAG1 are potential therapeutic targets in treating RMS. Our findings led us to conclude that As4S4 could be considered a radio-sensitizing agent for treating RMS.
High-Intensity Interval Training and Intake nano-selenium supplementation on the gene expression of hepatic SOD and CAT in Dexamethasone Induced Rats
Authors: ghane Motahare , Malayeri Shahin Riyahi , Hoseini Masume
Published: March 2023

Dexamethasone is one of the glucocorticoids which leads to oxidative damage. Therefore, antioxidants can reduce tissue toxicity to prevent the increase in oxidative stress caused by dexamethasone. The present study examines the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nano-selenium supplementation on the expression of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes in dexamethasone-induced rats.
The samples were 40 Wistar rats in the age range of 8 weeks, which were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 (healthy, induced by dexamethasone, dexamethasone+HIIT, dexamethasone+nano-selenium supplementation, dexamethasone+HIIT+nano-selenium supplementation). The exercise program was performed six days a week for four weeks. The prepared stock solution of selenium nanoparticles was given to mice in the amount of 100 mg by gavage every other day.
A two-way analysis of covariance was used to determine the difference in variables between groups at a significant level (P<0.05). The results showed that there was a significant increase in the expression of the hepatic SOD gene in the HIIT group with nano-selenium supplementation (P=0.034) compared to the control group. Also, hepatic CAT gene expression in each of the nano-selenium supplementation (P=0.002) and HIIT (P=0.010) groups was associated with a significant increase compared to the control group.
Therefore, it seems that the intervention of HIIT with the use of nano-selenium supplements will lead to the strengthening of the antioxidant system and the improvement of the immune system, and reduce the adverse effects caused by the use of steroid drugs such as dexamethasone.