bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notary’s Authority in Establishing Deeds for Minors and Their Rights as Shareholders of Limited Company
Authors: Winandra Desvia , Putra Mohammad Fajri Mekka
Published: November 2023

Notaries are empowered to demonstrate different types of business practices. One of the acts involves a shareholder taking legal action at the company. The laws and regulations in Indonesia do not regulate the age limit of shareholders. However, the result of the incompetent duty in this case is a child under the age of twenty- one and can apply for dismissal. This raises the issue of Notary’s authority to explain the claims of children who are unable to implement their rights as partners of a limited liability company. The normative legal method was used in this research. A child may be a legitimate shareholder, which is related to a person's legal conduct, that related to a person's legal actions and actions are seen from his skills and authority that was regulated in Indonesian Civil Code, the Law of Notary Position, and Indonesian Marriage Law. The attorney's authority over a minor child as a shareholder must be represented by his parents. Notary must focus on the skills and authority of the individual when exercising his position of drafting deeds or legal act on behalf of the company. Therefore, Notary must act diligently and thoroughly in drafting deeds and perform its position in accordance with the Law of Notary Position and the Notary Code of Ethics. Thus, Notary has the authority to establish deeds in a legal action for a twenty-one years old person as a company shareholder.
Smart And Green Campus Regulatory Design As Untirta's Legal Policy To Improve the Quality of Participatory Higher Education
Authors: P.S. Agus Prihartono , Dewi Lia Riesta , Muin Fatkhul
Published: November 2023

The formation of a policy regulation does not have general guidelines because it is the authority of each institution which is not binding on other institutions and is weak in giving sanctions, while the formation of a statutory regulation must be guided by Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment Laws and regulations that have been amended by Law Number 15 of 2019 by providing space for the public to participate. This research uses qualitative research methods with a normative juridical approach. Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University is one of the State campuses in Banten, which needs to design smart and green campus regulations to improve the quality of participatory higher education. This policy is a legal policy to shape the quality of higher education as smart and green campuses
Agent Responsibilities in Life Insurance Marketing Practices for Legal Protection for Consumers
Authors: Arifinal Mochamad
Published: November 2023

The legislation provides legal protection to policyholders as insurance consumers. Protection of policyholders as insurance consumers is regulated in several regulations, such as the Criminal Code and the Civil Code. The Criminal Code Number 2 of 1992 concerning Business Insurance, the Criminal Code Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumerism Protection, also regulated in the rules of the Professional Code of Agents Indonesian Life Insurance. This research aims to know whether the insurance law is sufficient to regulate the agent's responsibility to consumers in the practice of marketing life insurance and how the agents' responsibility of marketing life insurance to the protection of penalties to consumers. This research used a juridical normative method approach. This method focused on library data and was supported by field research to support existing data. The results of the research indicate that insurance, which includes the Commercial Code, the Civil Code, and Law Number 2 of 1992 concerning Business Insurance, has not been sufficiently regulated regarding the responsibilities of agents. Therefore, other regulatory agencies are needed, such as codes of ethics and professional agents (self-regulation); the establishment of draft laws or the brokering of agents into codes or laws; and consumer protection law provides legal protection to consumers through the regulation of rights and obligations to businessmen and consumers, which also regulates the responsibilities of businessmen in marketing a product, both in the form of services and goods
Legal Protection of The Parties in The Execution of Fiduciary Guarantees After The Decision of The Constitutional Court Number 71/Puu-Xix/2021
Authors: Wesna Putu Ayu Sriasih , Ananda Putra Anak Agung Ngurah Bhaskara
Published: November 2023

The Constitutional Court has issued Decisions Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019, Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021, and Number 71/PUU-XIX/2021, in which the three decisions have a major impact on the special characteristics of fiduciary guarantees, namely the execution of guarantees that easy with parate execution. This research uses normative legal research methods. The results of this research are the Execution of Fiduciary Guarantees After the Constitutional Court Decision Number 71/PUU-XIX/2021 execution with parate execution becomes ineffective. The legal standing of the Fiduciary Giver is benefited, the Fiduciary Giver has legal protection over the execution parate of the fiduciary recipient. The legal standing of the Fiduciary Recipient is aggrieved due to the loss of legal certainty over the execution parate. The fiduciary recipient in his position as a creditor loses his legal protection in terms of making settlements for bad loans due to complicated execution conditions..
The Protection of The Rights of Musyarakah Guarantee Owner Through Judge's Decision
Authors: Sholeh Abdul Halim Muhamad
Published: November 2023

In this context, sometimes there is a disparity in decisions between those who ratify the execution of guarantees and auctions only based on the fact that the customer has defaulted by not paying the installments, and there are judges who consider the negligence factor whether it was intentional by the customer or beyond the ability of the customer, so it is the same case namely the existence of a default, but the decision is different due to different interpretations of the concept of negligence in the Indonesian bank regulations or the DSN MUI fatwa. This research is to answer three questions in the study, namely: (1) What is the basis for consideration and legal reasoning by the judges in resolving cases of disputes over the execution of guarantees in musyarakah financing? (2) Why does the decision disparity occur in handling disputes over the execution of guarantees in musyarakah financing? (3) Has the construction of the judge's decision provided protection for the rights of the owner of the guarantee in musyarakah financing? This type of research includes a variety of legal research with a normative juridical study pattern. To answer the problems in the research, the author examines, analyzes and strengthens the argument by using the theory of legal discovery and the theory of justice. The approach used in this research, namely the case approach is used to examine, explore, and examine judge decisions and the philosophical approach is used to explore in depth legal issues regarding the execution of Musyarakah guarantees from various aspects to explain in depth the concept of negligence so as to protect the rights of customers as guarantee owners. The results of this study indicate, firstly, in providing legal considerations and reasoning in the decision on the execution of musyarakah guarantees, the judge based on two different tendencies. Some judges apply legal norms as they are without interpreting and others carry out interdisciplinary interpretations. Second, disparities in decisions arise due to (i) differences in interpreting statutory provisions which give rise to different methods of legal discovery and interpretation (ii) differences in assessing evidence and (iii) differences in the dynamics of thinking due to differences in understanding the meaning of law. Third, the protection of the rights of the guarantee owner in the construction of judge's decisions is still diverse.

 

 
THE OVERLAPPING OF REGULATIONS ON MARINE RESOURCES LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CUSTOMARY LAW AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONFLICT SETTLEMENT IN THE KEI ISLANDS
Authors: Ratuanak Andreas M. D , Lestarini Ratih
Published: November 2023

This research is socio-legal research with an ethnographic approach regarding the resolution of maritime resource conflicts in the Kei Islands and the conditions of current state laws and regulations. This article discusses how the overlapping of laws and regulations occurs in law enforcement on marine resource management and how customary law is an alternative for resolving conflicts over marine resources in the Kei Islands. This study found that so many laws and regulations besides helping to create legal order can also have an impact in the form of overlapping authorities between state agencies. On the other hand, the resolution of maritime resource conflicts in practice does not always depend on the positive law of the state alone. Another fact is often found that the community and even the state apparatus also accommodate customary law in resolving conflicts that occur. However, this form of settlement developed into a hybrid form.
Keywords: the overlapping regulations, Kei customary law, hybrid legal systems.
Restorative Justice in the Juvenile Justice System against Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: Subarsyah Subarsyah , Achmad Willya
Published: November 2023

The concept of restorative justice is predicated on the idea that the process of conflict resolution should take place through means other than the imposition of criminal sanctions and should involve both the individuals who committed the offense and the others who were affected by it. An essential component of restorative justice is the promotion of peace and forgiveness, as well as the enhancement of relationships between victims and perpetrators and the elimination of the damaging social stigma associated with repeat offenders. In Indonesia, criminal offenses are punished in accordance with the decisions reached by the courts. If it is done to children or teenagers, it can result in negative stigma and prejudice, both of which can have an effect on the development of the child in the future. As a result, it is imperative that children be safeguarded by investigating alternative legal strategies for dealing with legal situations involving children, such as the possibility of using restorative justice. This study's objective is to investigate the application of restorative justice principles within Indonesia's juvenile justice system. The research approach that is being used is legal research, and the research method that is being used is normative juridical law research. Studies of published works and historical documents are examples of secondary sources of data. As stated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System, which places an emphasis on deliberation between perpetrators, victims, families, and related parties, the findings of the study lead one to the conclusion that restorative justice is an alternative to solving legal problems outside of the court. The objective is not vengeance but rather recovery.
Inspection Cross Expertise in Criminal Procedure
Authors: Tornado Anang Shophan
Published: November 2023

In criminal procedural law, we know that to prove that an event was a criminal event, a mechanism is needed which is not simple. In the Criminal Code, it is stated that it must fulfill several conditions for an event to be included in the category of a criminal act, namely that it must go through just evidence, of course in fair proof it must be supported by evidence stipulated in Article 184 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. In addition to witness statements, there is also evidence from expert testimony. The expert gap is mentioned in Article 1 number 28, namely information given by someone with special expertise on matters needed to explain a criminal case for examination purposes. Then, sometimes the examination of a case by a judge requires expert testimony from various fields of science which implies that several experts must be presented who can clarify a case, here the question arises when these experts are presented, especially in expert examinations whose fields are contradictory to each other, so that cross-examination can be carried out. experts. In addition, problems that arise in criminal trials related to expert testimony are related to the time or when (timing) the expert is presented, so far we both know that after the statement of the defendant, the examination of evidence is considered to have ended. However, often the public prosecutor, legal advisers, and the judge himself want to dig deeper into the case being examined, especially about expert testimony, this is where a problem is found because the procedural rules have not been clearly explained, while the nature of procedural law itself is rigid and limitations.
Legal Protection for Automatic Exchange of Information Taxation in Indonesia: The Importance of Synergy with Cybersecurity Institutions
Authors: Gunadi Gde Wahyu Marta , Budiana I Nyoman
Published: November 2023

Every citizen who is the subject of taxes and already has a Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP or NIK) must do tax reporting on his income. Such reporting ensures taxpayer property and income data validation while supporting good governance. Data automation support is needed from other agencies such as banks to find out the balance and ownership of deposits and bank securities, land bodies to know land ownership, stock exchanges to know share ownership and other institutions related to property ownership. Integration between these institutions will increase the validity of reporting property and income owned by government officials, ultimately improving integrity towards good governance. In reality, there is no automation of validation of annual notification letter (SPT) charging data on property ownership data in each institution due to the sectoral ego of each institution, and there is no real-time regulation of property validation. Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) enables the automated sharing of a set of information that has been previously defined by the tax authorities. AEOI is a plan of the G20 members and is initiated by the OECD. The AEOI system works through the exchange of financial data of foreign nationals living in a country. The exchange of financial data is carried out between the tax authorities in each country. Indonesia is prepared to put this into practice as a G20 member, as evidenced by the previous release of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 39/PMK.03/2017 (PMK 39), covering Procedures for Exchange of Information Based on International Agreements. Types of Documents and/or Additional Information Required to Be Retained by Taxpayers Conducting Transactions with Related Parties and Procedures for Management, Minister of Finance Regulation No. 213/PMK..03/2016 (PMK 213). As a result, in addition to the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) regulation put out by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, there needs to be legal protection (OECD). Furthermore, the author emphasizes the importance of cooperation and synergy with cybersecurity institutions to secure tax exchange data.
Legal Protection Against Abortionists Of Rape Victims
Authors: Delmiati Susi
Published: November 2023

Rape is a crime that causes trauma to the victim, besides the trauma of rape can also cause pregnancy in the victim. Pregnancy from rape behavior is certainly a pregnancy that the victim did not expect, so that not a few have abortions for their pregnancies. This study aims to determine the legal protection for abortion perpetrators who are rape victims. This study uses a normative legal research method with a normative juridical approach, while data collection techniques are carried out by exploring journals, books and applicable laws and regulations. The results of the study show that legal protection for abortion victims of rape is with the policy of Article 76 of the Health Law which considers the condition of rape victims so as to allow abortion with certain conditions stated in the law in it.
The Role of Capital Market Notary in Corporate Backdoor Listing Actions in Indonesia
Authors: Syahdinda Nabilla , Nefi Arman
Published: November 2023

The Rapid of economic development certainly affects the business world seen from the efforts of a company to expand its business, where business expansion certainly requires large funding. One of the ways to obtain funding is through activities in the capital market. A Limited Liability Company will trade securities but previously the company must have been listed on the Stock Exchange. The mechanism of going public by way of an Initial Public Offering (IPO) has conditions that are difficult to fulfill for some companies, so some companies take an alternative by doing Backdoor Listings, in order to be listed and get benefits like a public company. The author uses a normative juridical approach by examining literature or secondary data related to tertiary legal principles and norms and materials, which will be analyzed descriptively. The author sees that, there is no specific regulation related to backdoor listing corporate actions in the implementation of capital market activities in Indonesia and likewise with the absence of regulations that can be used as guidelines by notaries in the capital market sector in supporting backdoor listing corporate actions.

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Keywords: Backdoor Listing, Notary, IPO, Go Public, the Financial Services Authority
MASLAHAT ASPECTS AS A BASIS FOR JUDGES CONSIDERATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FORCED MONEY (DWANGSOM) IN RELIGIOUS COURTS
Authors: Lubis Andi Hakim
Published: November 2023

One of the important issues in the judge's decision and its relation to legal discovery due to a legal vacuum, especially in the Religious Courts, is regarding the application of forced money penalties (dwangsom). Previously, there were 3 sources of civil law applicable in Indonesia, namely HIR (for natives for Java and Madura), RBg. (for natives outside Java and Madura), Reglement op de Rechtsvordering or better known by the abbreviation Rv (group of Europeans and Foreign East residing in Indonesia). The provisions regarding the dwangsom itself are regulated in the Civil Procedure Regulations (the existence of the dwangsom institution itself is regulated in Chapter V Part 3 Rv. namely in Articles 606a and 606b. However, the enactment of UU Emergency t 1 of 1951 Article 5 paragraph (1) expressly states the application of HIR and RBg and confirmed through the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 19/1964 and SEMA Number 3/1965 which confirms the application of HIR and RBg. As for Article 393 paragraph (1) HIR in conjunction with Article 721 RBg, it strictly prohibits all forms of procedural law other than those stipulated in the HIR and RBg, including Rv.. However, in fact dwangsom applications are still frequently encountered in cases proceeding at the Religious Courts. The type of research used is normative research. The type of research conducted in legal development activities according to legal science practice or legal dogmatics.The results of this study indicate that the application of forced money (dwangsom) in the Religious Courts is carried out in an effort a Eliminate difficulties or difficulties with the implementation of the judge's decision so that it is obeyed by the defendant/respondent. In line with the concept of maslahah mursalah, the application of dwangsom regulated in Rv. even though it is no longer valid, the facts are still relevant and in fact needed and bring benefits in judicial practice to facilitate the implementation of judges' decisions in the Religious Courts. This was reinforced by jurisprudence, doctrine and the results of the 2012 Supreme Court National Work Meeting.

Keywords: Consideration, Maslahat, Dwangsom, Religious Court
The Lex Favor Reo Principle After New Criminal Code: A Corrective Justice’s Perspective
Authors: Flora Henny Saida , Disantara Fradhana Putra , Thuong Mac Thi Hoai
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the existence and implications of the lex favor reo principle after the ratification of the new Criminal Code in relation to aspects of corrective justice. This research is normative legal research by prioritizing conceptual and statutory approaches. The results of the study show that the existence of the lex favor reo principle after the ratification of the new Criminal Code, namely as formulated in Article 3 juncto Article 618 of the new Criminal Code, the existence and applicability of the lex favor reo principle can be immediately enforced. The implication of the lex favor reo principle in optimizing aspects of corrective justice after the ratification of the new Criminal Code is that the implementation of the lex favor reo principle has implications for the existence of criminal sanctions experienced by defendants in the old Criminal Code. Suggestions in this study are that for law enforcement officials, special attention is needed when trying a crime, especially by first paying attention to the lex favor reo principle to see which sanctions are more profitable for the accused.
Implementation of the Principle of Business Judgement Rule Doctrine to State-Owned Companies as an Effort to Protect Directors in Good Faith
Authors: Dharsana I Made Pria , Kresnadjaja Indrasari , Dhananjaya I Putu Lingga
Published: November 2023

The Business Judgement Rule is a doctrine that protects Directors in good faith for the Company's losses. The point is that as long as the Board of Directors acts in good faith and solely for the Company's benefit. However, it turns out that the Company still suffers losses. It does not necessarily become the burden of the Board of Directors personal responsibility. Therefore, the Board of Directors cannot be held responsible for the Company's losses if the Board of Directors, in carrying out actions, has fulfilled all its obligations with the principles of good corporate Governance (GCG). If all GCG obligations and principles have been fulfilled, the Board of Directors is categorized as having good faith and cannot be declared wrong. The results of the author's study, in the context of the Business Judgment Rule Doctrine, the losses incurred are normal or reasonable business losses, and therefore the Company is responsible. And no one can be punished if there is no mistake. With the background of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 01/PHPUPres/XVII/2019 (Constitutional Court Decision 01) and two Supreme Court Decisions, the author tries to examine in more detail related to Decision No. 3849/K/Pid.Sus/2019 dated December 2, 2019, on behalf of Defendant Frederick ST Siahaan (former Finance Director of Pertamina) / (Supreme Court Decision 3849) and Decision No. 121K/Pid.Sus/2020 dated March 9, 2020, on behalf of Defendant Karen Agustiawan (former President Director of Pertamina).
Model of Sharia Financing Contract in the Form of Notary Deed According to the Perspective of Islamic Law
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Syukran Yamin , Asmuni Asmuni , Syahnan Mhd.
Published: November 2023

The practice of developing sharia financing has actually experienced massive developments, especially in ensuring the existence of legal certainty in transactions. One of the developmental practices of sharia financing is the existence of a contract formulated in the form of a notarial deed. This research focuses on the legal vacuum related to the arrangement of making a shari'ah financing contract in the form of a notarial deed. This research is a normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach. The results of the study show that a sharia financing contract made in the form of a notarial deed according to Islamic law must still refer to the provisions of syar'i law. In the process of shari'ah financing contracts, it is necessary to refer to several syar'i aspects, such as paying attention to the provisions contained in the Qur'an and sunnah, the Sharia Banking Law, to the JN Law. The model for making sharia financing contracts in the form of a notary deed based on the principles of agreement in Islamic law places the position of a notary to guarantee neutrality, professionalism and integrity including fulfilling and complying with the code of ethics. Notaries need to understand the provisions of syar'i or Islamic law in formulating a syari'ah financing contract requiring certification and special training in making sharia banking contracts for notaries
Digitalization of Electronic Public Service Systems in Village Government: State Administration Law Perspective
Authors: Fasyehhudin Mohamadfasyehhudin
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana efektifitas sistem pelayanan dan informasi berbasis digital terhadap layanan administrasi pemerintahan desa sebagai layanan yang efektif dan efisien dan menganalisis faktor-faktor kelemahan sebagai penghambat sistem layanan dan informasi publik berbesis digital (elektronik) di Pemerintahan Desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif.Hasil penelitian ini adalah  Komitmen Pemerintah Kabupaten Serang yang menjadi prioritas dari seluruh jumlah desa di Kabupaten Serang, sebanyak 326 Desa,  yang sudah terpasang wifi sebagai sinyal internet, 151 Desa, yang sudah aktif melakukan pelayanan digital sebanyak 47 desa, yang menjadi Pilot Projek terdiri dari enam (6) desa. Implementasinya belum berjalan efektif sebagaimana komintmen pemerintah Kabupaten Serang. Faktor kelemahan yang menghambat efektifitas penggunaan sistem layanan dan informasi berbasis digital (elektronika) , adalah : a. Tekanan dari dalam dan luar pemerintah diperlukan integritas untuk membangunan sistem layanan dan informasi yang efektif dan efisen di desa, b. Kurangnya interaksi yang melayani dan yang dilayani antara pemerintahan desa dan masyarakat belum berjalan secara sinergi c. Sistem layanan dan informasi berbasis digital masih belum dikuasai baik teknis maupun non teknis di internal pemerintahan desa dan masyarakat belum menguasai berbagai aplikasi yg tersedia di desa
Legal Certainty In The Role Of The DPRD Functions In Implementing The Right Of Interpelation Based On Constituonal Practices
Authors: Hidayat Anwar -
Published: November 2023

The Regional People's Legislative Council (DPRD) is a legislative institution which is an element of the constitutional structure in our country. This institution functions as a policy initiator, policy supervisor, and works together with the executive to develop joint policies for the welfare of the people. DPRD has many rights in carrying out its duties and functions, one of the many rights is the right of interpellation. The right of interpellation is the right of the DPRD to request information from the government regarding strategic policies that have an impact on social life which certainly affects the development of the nation. The right of interpellation is the right of the DPR/DPRD to ask the government for information regarding important and strategic policies that have an impact on people's lives and the dynamics of the nation. that in forming an Act the DPR cannot proceed alone without the approval of the President. Both of them, both the DPR and the President must agree, the DPR cannot agree but the President does not agree. The two must go hand in hand to agree together.
Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Haemoperitoneum with Tumour Perforation
Authors: Rathnasekara Thilina , Wijekoon Lanka , Weerawansa Prasanna , Jayasiri Bhagya , Siribaddana Sisira
Published: November 2023

We report a case of a 34-year-old woman with haemoperitoneum and acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following the rupture of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), the first documented case of its kind. Although DIC is known to be associated with ovarian cancer, acute DIC with bleeding in the clear cell variant has not been reported.

The patient, who had a right adnexal lesion, was found to have anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Intra-abdominal bleeding due to the rupture of a malignant ovarian cyst associated with DIC was identified as the cause. After surgery, the DIC resolved, suggesting that OCCC can be an aetiology for acute DIC and bleeding.
Theory of Infrastructural Capability in Psychotherapy: Impact of Therapists’ Egoism Manifestation Toward Patients
Authors: Hozez Yaniv
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to explore three distinct aspects of ego satisfaction within psychotherapy: a) The patient’s ability to comprehend the therapist’s communication and the condition of the patient’s mental state concerning their ego stability, b) The self-esteem and confidence accumulated by the therapist through personal life experiences, and c) The therapist’s capacity to either temporarily soothe agitated patients unable to listen and implement advice effectively or provide objective advice and treat patients impartially, even when the patient’s issue involves their own ego, egotism, or narcissism. This article delves into potential scenarios in psychotherapy, analyzing them for instances of professional misconduct while also examining the ethical dilemmas they present. Although the entire psychotherapeutic process is centered on the patient’s well-being, the effectiveness of psychological treatment methods – such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamics – can significantly diminish without a stable and adequate sense of ego satisfaction. This study underscores the importance for therapists to find means of mitigating their ego for the sake of ensuring the patient’s safety and fostering their confidence.
Reduced Blood to Brain Glucose Transport as The Cause For Hyperglycemia: a Model That Resolves Multiple Anomalies in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ojha Akanksha , Watve Milind
Published: November 2023

Classically, type 2 diabetes is believed to be a result of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. However, evidence has been accumulating against the insulin resistance models. Absence of lasting hyperglycemia by insulin receptor knockouts or insulin suppression, evidence for hyperinsulinemia preceding insulin resistance, the perplexing hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic state, reduced glucose transport to the brain preceding hyperglycemia, signs of vasculopathy preceding hyperglycemia, absent or poor correlation between fasting glucose and insulin, very strong positive correlation between indices of insulin resistance and β cell function in population data are some of the anomalous findings which classical glucose homeostasis models have not addressed so far. With increasing evidence for neuronal involvement in glucose regulation, we propose a refined model of glucose regulation that considers brain glucose and insulin levels as the ultimate target of homeostasis and combines central and peripheral mechanisms of regulation. A model considering the reduced rate of blood-to-brain transportation of glucose and insulin as primary pathology explains most of the patterns, with or without insulin resistance. Apart from resolving multiple anomalies, the model also accounts for the failure of glucose normalization in effectively reducing diabetic complications and mortality.
An Analysis of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty and Development: Case of SACU Countries
Authors: Damiyano David , Mago Stephen
Published: November 2023

Financial inclusion has been on the agenda as a vehicle of economic development in modern times. Studies base the contribution of financial inclusion on poverty and development on the theoretical and empirical evidence intensively expressed in literature. In some cases, the influence of financial inclusion on development has inconclusive effects on economic development and therefore, more and more research is underway to achieve an informed decision. This study attempted to relate financial inclusion to development and poverty in the SACU region. Financial inclusion is very vital for development and poverty reduction. The most financially excluded populations, the vulnerable, are found in developing countries and mainly women. The member states of the SACU region are also developing nations. The results of this study have indicated the importance of women’s education on financial literacy to enhance financial inclusion. There is also a need in the region to create employment opportunities for women so that they will be able to get access to formal financial institutions, for savings, bank accounts, withdrawals and salaries, which will in turn have a significant impact on financial inclusion. Poverty eradication or reduction is very critical in SACU region to enhance financial inclusion. The governments of the SACU member states must enact policies that are targeted at poverty eradication, which is in line with sustainable development goals, not just enacting, but in conjunction with implementation and close monitoring to make the policies effective.
Determinants of the Financial Capability: The Mediating role of Financial Self-efficacy and Financial Inclusion
Authors: Al Rahahleh Naseem
Published: November 2023

Identifying and addressing the predictors of financial capability in the context of a developing country such as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is vital to advancing the financial behavior literature. Financial self-efficacy initially develops from financial literacy and the continuing development of each depends on the continuing development of the other. However, the exact nature of the relationship between financial self-efficacy and the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion remains a subject for argument. We, therefore, propose a model comprising both direct and indirect mechanisms with the goal of moving towards a logically complete understanding of how to determine financial capability. Our findings support all the proposed roles such that achieving financial literacy through its components constitutes the vital first step to gaining subsequent financial capability determinants. Further, our findings point to the need for a widespread and concerted effort to improve financial awareness among Saudi citizens. Given that our findings arise from a broad-based investigation into how financial capability is determined, they can be used as a basis for modifying existing approaches and for developing new directions to providing financial education to the citizenry.
Board Meeting Effectiveness and Bank Performance: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Boadi Lawrence Asare , Dadzie Philomena , Narteh-Yoe Sampson , Doku James Ntiamoah , Opoku Richard Takyi , Nyamekye Kofi Afriyie
Published: November 2023

The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of board meetings at banks in sub-Saharan Africa. The study adopted a quantitative research design and collected secondary data from the annual reports of 33 banks in sub-Saharan Africa to cover the period 2011–2020. To achieve its research objective, the study employed the two-step GMM regression model to examine the relationship between board meeting effectiveness and bank performance. A positive and statistically significant correlation between the effectiveness of board meetings and the financial success of banks was discovered in this research. Our results suggest that improving the efficiency of board meetings can be a viable strategy for boosting bank performance, which has significant ramifications for bank governance in sub-Saharan Africa.
An Empirical Investigation of Bitcoin Hedging Capabilities against Inflation using VECM: The Case of United States, Eurozone, Philippines, Ukraine, Canada, India, and Nigeria
Authors: Gbolahan Kolawole Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

This study examines Bitcoin's potential as an inflation hedge in different countries, including the United States, the Eurozone, the Philippines, Ukraine, Canada, India, and Nigeria. The study reveals varying results across countries using the Vector Error Correlation Model (VECM) with secondary monthly data from January 2012 to June 2023 for Bitcoin prices and inflation rates. Bitcoin exhibits an insignificant short-term relationship in the United States but a significant long-term negative correlation, suggesting it may not be a reliable inflation hedge. Similarly, no significant relationship was found in the Eurozone, the Philippines, Ukraine and Nigeria, indicating Bitcoin's limited effectiveness as an inflation hedge. Contrastingly, the study identifies a significant positive relationship between Bitcoin and inflation in Canada and India, indicating potential hedging against inflation within these economies. Therefore, investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers should consider these country-specific findings when evaluating Bitcoin's role as an inflation hedge. Furthermore, this study contributes valuable insights into cryptocurrencies and their potential in financial risk management.
A Gendered Analysis of Poverty among the Employed in South Africa
Authors: Makhalima Jabulile
Published: November 2023

Poverty is an obstinate issue in South Africa, with many employed individuals still living in poverty. The gender pay gap and employment in low-income jobs are some of the contributing factors to poverty, particularly for women who, on average, earn 30 percent less than men. Women are also more likely to be employed in low-income jobs in the care economy, which offers few benefits, such as domestic work or part-time work. Men, on the other hand, are more likely to be employed in higher-paying jobs in traditionally male-dominated fields. This study seeks to analyse poverty among employed men and women in South Africa using data from the General Household Survey by Statistics South Africa. The results of the regression analysis indicate that women of colour, particularly those with low levels of education and are potentially in precarious employment, are more likely to be poor compared to men. Policies advocating for gender equality in the workforce need to be reinforced while empowering women and men through education and training.
Response of Agriculture Production to Change of Foreign Direct Investment and Public Agriculture Expenditure in South Africa: A Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis
Authors: Mbiakop William Djamfa , Khobai Hlalefang , Fani Djomo Choumbou Raoul
Published: November 2023

The rationale of this paper was to investigate the response of agriculture production to the simultaneous shock of foreign direct investment and public agricultural spending in South Africa during 1991-2019. Data were collected from secondary sources and analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. Results revealed that agriculture production is maximized at 1,73% if Foreign direct investment inflows, agricultural credit, and the number of employees increase by 10% while public spending is decreased by 10%. Hence, it is recommended that policymakers should combine FDI inflows in agriculture, and agricultural credit in a complementary manner, with emphasis to attract more extensive farm workers to ensure the sustainability of production in the agriculture sector in South Africa. This paper contributes to enhance agriculture sector by using the best combination of input in agriculture in order to maximize production.
The Role of Industrialization on Employment and Economic Growth in South Africa
Authors: Habanabakize Thomas , Dickason-Koekemoer Zandri
Published: November 2023

Nowadays economic performance and people's well-being are driven by various factors linked to technological improvement and industrialization. South Africa is one of the countries that adopted technology and innovation to improve its economic performance and employment conditions. However, the country is still facing a growing unemployment rate and sluggish economic growth. The current study investigated the role of industrialization in heightening employment and economic growth. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM) approaches were applied to time series data from 1998 to 2019. Empirical findings indicated that industrialisation has a significant impact on South African economic growth and employment opportunities. While automotive, food and beverage, chemical and metal industries positively affect economic growth; employment growth is fuelled by high production in food and beverage, chemical, automotive and metal industries. Nonetheless, high production in clothing and chemical industries have adverse effects on economic and employment growth respectively. In the short run, employment behaviour is determined by the production of metal, food and beverages industries while changes in economic growth are driven by production in the automotive and metal industries. Grounded on findings, South African policymakers should consider pro-industrialization strategies, especially in those industries whose production is highly demanded such as metal, food and beverages. These industries enhance trade and the latter improve economic growth and create employment.
ECOBRICK : SOLUSI KREATIF DALAM PENGURANGAN LIMBAH PLASTIK PADA ERA MODERN DI DESA.
Authors: Ahidin Didin , Nur Rohmah Selfi , Rahma Awanda , Eka Sari Suci
Published: November 2023

Pengelolaan sampah atau limbah plastik menjadi suatu permasalahan besar di Indonesia. Indonesia menjadinegara penghasil sampah terbesar kedua di dunia dengan jumlah sampah plastik sebanyak 6,8 juta ton pertahun.Hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya kesadaran dari masyarakatnya tentang dampak yang ditimbulkan darisampah plastik. Jenis sampah plastik seperti botol air mineral cukup membutuhkan waktu yang panjang untukterurai karena memakan waktu sekitar 450 tahun. Tujuan program kerja ini untuk memberikan kontribusi padamasyarakat dalam menggali potensi desa wisata dan bebas stunting menuju desa ramah lingkungan di desaciledug kulon kabupaten cirebon, dalam hal ini dilakukan di Desa Ciledug Kulon Kecamatan Ciledug, KotaCirebon. Metode yang digunakan adalah Ekobrik yaitu mendaur ulangsampah. Kegiatan KKM ini menghasilkan beberapa produk dari hasil pengolahan limbah sampahplastik berupaKursi dan meja yang dapat digunakan atau untuk dipasarkan kembali sehingga dapat menghasilkan.
Economic substantiation of the production of sheep breeding products in the farms of Ukraine
Authors: Dushka V. , Maksym V. , Chemerys V. , Kubrak N. , Kryvishyn A.
Published: November 2023

Activation of the development of sheep breeding in Ukraine is possible based on the spread of specialized farms for breeding and growing sheep for meat, which will contribute to the economy of rural areas, employment, and welfare of the population. The article presents the main results of the research on planning the economic efficiency of the production of sheep products in farms, taking into account the market conditions of Ukraine. The optimal structure for the organization of production and sale of sheep products is proposed and substantiated, which includes breeding, growing, slaughtering sheep, and entering the market through direct sales channels with sheep meat, wool, sheepskin, and main by-products, which will significantly increase the profitability of the farm compared to traditional business models in sheep breeding, which are focused on breeding and rearing with the sale of animals in live weight. The planning of the need for fixed and working capital, which is necessary for the organization of production of sheep products in a family-type farm with several 200 ewes, has been carried out. The cost of production of sheep breeding products by main species was calculated, which at the beginning of the project was 2.8 euros for 1 kg of lamb, 1.4 euros for 1 kg of wool, and about 10 euros for one sheepskin. It was determined that the required amount of advanced capital for the organization of the farm would be 88 thousand euros, which will be compensated by net cash flow in 3 years. The farm is predicted to produce and sell products in the market for a total of 54,000 euros in the first year, which will potentially increase to 80,200 euros by the end of the project, which will fully compensate for costs and ensure a net profit of up to 20,000 euros EUR per year at the end of the project implementation period. The estimated amount of net cash flow for five years is EUR 77,000, with an internal rate of return of 26.3 %. The ratio of net cash flow to the cost of capital will be from 33 to 63 %, which justifies the relatively high level of investment efficiency in the production of sheep products in family farm farms following the technical and economic features of the business described in the article. The influence of the production volume of sheep breeding products on indicators of investment effectiveness is also determined. It has been established that an increase in the number of ewes from 200 to 500 will increase the net cash flow by an average of 15-16 thousand euros per year for every 100 head of increase in the number of sheep with a simultaneous decrease in capital costs per head.
HOW STRONGLY DOES MILITARY EXPENDITURE IMPACT ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE EXCHANGE RATE?
Authors: Soelistyo Aris
Published: November 2023

One of the fiscal policy strategies used by the government to strengthen the economy and national security is military expenditure. There are many inconsistencies in the results of research examining the influence of military expenditure on economic growth, and it is still rare to find research that validates the influence of military expenditure on the exchange rate. Through time series data in Indonesia during the 1999-2021 period, this research validates the relationship between these three variables using Two-stage Least Square (2SLS) Regression Analysis. The estimation results using econometric models provide empirical evidence of the strength of military expenditure in influencing economic growth and the exchange rate, although the level of influence on economic growth is much higher than the exchange rate. It is recommended that further research carry out a Granger causality test and a Johansen cointegration test to determine the term of the causal relationship between the three variables studied.
PENGARUH PERCEIVED USEFULNESS DAN PERCEIVED SECURITY TERHADAP USE TO E-WALLET DENGAN BEHAVIORAL INTENTION SEBAGAI MEDIASI
Authors: Fatimah Nor Afita Saidah , Negara Danes Jaya , Sambung Roby
Published: November 2023

E-wallets are becoming a common means of payment, to replace paper-based instruments with server-based electronic money. This study aims to analyze the use of e-wallets in Indonesia based on an expanded Technological Acceptance Model (TAM), namely perceived usefulness, perceived security, and behavioral intention. The type of data used in this study is primary data, which was collected using an online Google form survey. The sample used in this study was determined by purposive sampling method and obtained 204 respondents, then the data was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) with the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The results of this study found that perceived usefulness and perceived security have a significant effect on behavioral intention. And the behavioral intention mediation variable has a significant effect on actual e-wallet users where the majority of e-wallet users are women with an age range of <26 years (Gen Z) with student status.