bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global quantitative analysis of the human brain proteome and phosphoproteome in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ping Lingyan , Kundinger Sean R. , Duong Duc M. , Yin Luming , Gearing Marla , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. , Seyfried Nicholas T.
Published: September 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by an early, asymptomatic phase (AsymAD) in which individuals exhibit amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation in the absence of clinically detectable cognitive decline. Here we report an unbiased multiplex quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis using tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric labeling of human post-mortem cortex (n = 27) across pathology-free controls, AsymAD and symptomatic AD individuals. With off-line high-pH fractionation and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on an Orbitrap Lumos mass spectrometer, we identified 11,378 protein groups across three TMT 11-plex batches. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) was used to enrich for phosphopeptides from the same TMT-labeled cases and 51,736 phosphopeptides were identified. Of these, 48,992 were quantified by TMT reporter ions representing 33,652 unique phosphosites. Two reference standards in each TMT 11-plex were included to assess intra- and inter-batch variance at the protein and peptide level. This comprehensive human brain proteome and phosphoproteome dataset will serve as a valuable resource for the identification of biochemical, cellular and signaling pathways altered during AD progression.
Vegetation traits of pre-Alpine grasslands in southern Germany
Authors: Schucknecht Anne , Krämer Alexander , Asam Sarah , Mejia-Aguilar Abraham , Garcia-Franco Noelia , Schuchardt Max A. , Jentsch Anke , Kiese Ralf
Published: September 2020

The data set contains information on aboveground vegetation traits of > 100 georeferenced locations within ten temperate pre-Alpine grassland plots in southern Germany. The grasslands were sampled in April 2018 for the following traits: bulk canopy height; weight of fresh and dry biomass; dry weight percentage of the plant functional types (PFT) non-green vegetation, legumes, non-leguminous forbs, and graminoids; total green area index (GAI) and PFT-specific GAI; plant water content; plant carbon and nitrogen content (community values and PFT-specific values); as well as leaf mass per area (LMA) of PFT. In addition, a species specific inventory of the plots was conducted in June 2020 and provides plot-level information on grassland type and plant species composition. The data set was obtained within the framework of the SUSALPS project (“Sustainable use of alpine and pre-alpine grassland soils in a changing climate”;https://www.susalps.de/) to providein-situdata for the calibration and validation of remote sensing based models to estimate grassland traits.
Author Correction: Characterization of partially ordered states in the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of p53 using millisecond molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Herrera-Nieto Pablo , Pérez Adrià , De Fabritiis Gianni
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A framework for in situ molecular characterization of coral holobionts using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Carradec Quentin , Poulain Julie , Boissin Emilie , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Voolstra Christian R. , Ziegler Maren , Engelen Stefan , Cruaud Corinne , Planes Serge , Wincker Patrick
Published: September 2020

Molecular characterization of the coral host and the microbial assemblages associated with it (referred to as the coral holobiont) is currently undertaken via marker gene sequencing. This requires bulky instruments and controlled laboratory conditions which are impractical for environmental experiments in remote areas. Recent advances in sequencing technologies now permit rapid sequencing in the field; however, development of specific protocols and pipelines for the effective processing of complex microbial systems are currently lacking. Here, we used a combination of 3 marker genes targeting the coral animal host, its symbiotic alga, and the associated bacterial microbiome to characterize 60 coral colonies collected and processed in situ, during the Tara Pacific expedition. We used Oxford Nanopore Technologies to sequence marker gene amplicons and developed bioinformatics pipelines to analyze nanopore reads on a laptop, obtaining results in less than 24 h. Reef scale network analysis of coral-associated bacteria reveals broadly distributed taxa, as well as host-specific associations. Protocols and tools used in this work may be applicable for rapid coral holobiont surveys, immediate adaptation of sampling strategy in the field, and to make informed and timely decisions in the context of the current challenges affecting coral reefs worldwide.
Genetic defects of CHM and visual acuity outcome in 24 choroideremia patients from 16 Japanese families
Authors: Hayashi Takaaki , Kameya Shuhei , Mizobuchi Kei , Kubota Daiki , Kikuchi Sachiko , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Mizota Atsushi , Murakami Akira , Iwata Takeshi , Nakano Tadashi
Published: September 2020

Choroideremia (CHM) is an incurable progressive chorioretinal dystrophy. Little is known about the natural disease course of visual acuity in the Japanese population. We aimed to investigate the genetic spectrum of the CHM gene and visual acuity outcomes in 24 CHM patients from 16 Japanese families. We measured decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation and follow-up, converted to logMAR units for statistical analysis. Sanger and/or whole-exome sequencing were performed to identify pathogenic CHM variants/deletions. The median age at presentation was 37.0 years (range, 5–76 years). The mean follow-up interval was 8.2 years. BCVA of the better-seeing eye at presentation was significantly worsened with increasing age (r = 0.515, p < 0.01), with a high rate of BCVA decline in patients > 40 years old. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve suggested that a BCVA of Snellen equivalent 20/40 at follow-up remains until the fifties. Fourteen pathogenic variants, 6 of which were novel [c.49 + 5G > A, c.116 + 5G > A, p.(Gly176Glu, Glu177Ter), p.Tyr531Ter, an exon 2 deletion, and a 5.0-Mb deletion], were identified in 15 families. No variant was found in one family only. Our BCVA outcome data are useful for predicting visual prognosis and determining the timing of intervention in Japanese patients with CHM variants.
Effects of HIV-1 genotype on baseline CD4+ cell count and mortality before and after antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Cao Zhiqiang , Li Jianjun , Chen Huanhuan , Song Chang , Shen Zhiyong , Zhou Xinjuan , Lan Guanghua , Zhu Qiuying , Liang Shujia , Xing Hui , Liao Lingjie , Feng Yi , Shao Yiming , Ruan Yuhua
Published: September 2020

To assess whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotype influences baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4+) cell count and mortality of patients. The study was conducted from 2014 to 2019 in Guangxi, China, and included 2845 newly diagnosed HIV patients. We used a median regression model to compare CD4+ cell counts in patients newly diagnosed with different HIV-1 genotypes, and a Cox regression model to analyze the associations between HIV-1 genotypes and mortality before and after antiretroviral treatment (ART). In newly diagnosed HIV patients, the baseline CD4+ cell counts of patients with CRF01_AE were significantly lower than those of patients with CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and other genotypes. Compared with CRF01_AE, patients infected with CRF07_BC (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI 0.36–0.85), CRF08_BC (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI 0.52–0.85), or other genotypes (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI 0.29–0.94) had significantly lower mortality rates before ART. There were no significant associations between different HIV-1 genotypes and mortality after ART. HIV-1 genotype significantly influences baseline CD4+ cell count and mortality before ART in newly diagnosed HIV patients. We find no significant difference in the outcome of death after ART in patients with different HIV-1 genotypes.
Immune dysfunction following COVID-19, especially in severe patients
Authors: Song Cong-Ying , Xu Jia , He Jian-Qin , Lu Yuan-Qiang
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide. Severe cases quickly progressed with unfavorable outcomes. We aim to investigate the clinical features of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors associated with its progression. Data of confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and healthy participants were collected. Thirty-seven healthy people and 79 confirmed patients, which include 48 severe patients and 31 mild patients, were recruited. COVID-19 patients presented with dysregulated immune response (decreased T, B, and NK cells and increased inflammatory cytokines). Also, they were found to have increased levels of white blood cell, neutrophil count, and D-dimer in severe cases. Moreover, lymphocyte, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, NK cell, and B cell counts were lower in the severe group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CD4+ cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer were risk factors for severe cases. Both CT score and clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) were associated with disease severity. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis has shown that all these parameters and scores had quite a high predictive value. Immune dysfunction plays critical roles in disease progression. Early and constant surveillance of complete blood cell count, T lymphocyte subsets, coagulation function, CT scan and CPIS was recommended for early screening of severe cases.
Soft channel formation and symmetry breaking in exotic active emulsions
Authors: Carenza L. N. , Gonnella G. , Lamura A. , Marenduzzo D. , Negro G. , Tiribocchi A.
Published: September 2020

We use computer simulations to study the morphology and rheological properties of a bidimensional emulsion resulting from a mixture of a passive isotropic fluid and an active contractile polar gel, in the presence of a surfactant that favours the emulsification of the two phases. By varying the intensity of the contractile activity and of an externally imposed shear flow, we find three possible morphologies. For low shear rates, a simple lamellar state is obtained. For intermediate activity and shear rate, an asymmetric state emerges, which is characterized by shear and concentration banding at the polar/isotropic interface. A further increment in the active forcing leads to the self-assembly of a soft channel where an isotropic fluid flows between two layers of active material. We characterize the stability of this state by performing a dynamical test varying the intensity of the active forcing and shear rate. Finally, we address the rheological properties of the system by measuring the effective shear viscosity, finding that this increases as active forcing is increased—so that the fluid thickens with activity.
Impairment of cerebellar long-term depression and GABAergic transmission in prion protein deficient mice ectopically expressing PrPLP/Dpl
Authors: Kishimoto Yasushi , Hirono Moritoshi , Atarashi Ryuichiro , Sakaguchi Suehiro , Yoshioka Tohru , Katamine Shigeru , Kirino Yutaka
Published: September 2020

Prion protein (PrPC) knockout mice, named as the “Ngsk” strain (Ngsk Prnp0/0 mice), show late-onset cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) degeneration because of ectopic overexpression of PrPC-like protein (PrPLP/Dpl). Our previous study indicated that the mutant mice also exhibited alterations in cerebellum-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning, even at a young age (16 weeks of age) when neurological changes had not occurred. Thus, this electrophysiological study was designed to examine the synaptic function of the cerebellar cortex in juvenile Ngsk Prnp0/0 mice. We showed that Ngsk Prnp0/0 mice exhibited normal paired-pulse facilitation but impaired long-term depression of excitatory synaptic transmission at synapses between parallel fibres and PCs. GABAA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded from PCs were also weakened in Ngsk Prnp0/0 mice. Furthermore, we confirmed that Ngsk Prnp0/0 mice (7–8-week-old) exhibited abnormalities in delay eyeblink conditioning. Our findings suggest that these alterations in both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission to PCs caused deficits in delay eyeblink conditioning of Ngsk Prnp0/0 mice. Therefore, the Ngsk Prnp0/0 mouse model can contribute to study underlying mechanisms for impairments of synaptic transmission and neural plasticity, and cognitive deficits in the central nervous system.
Towards valorizing natural coals in sodium-ion batteries: impact of coal rank on energy storage
Authors: Abou-Rjeily John , Laziz Noureddine Ait , Autret-Lambert Cecile , Outzourhit Abdelkader , Sougrati Moulay-Tahar , Ghamouss Fouad
Published: September 2020

Coal samples of different ranks were investigated through various compositional, morphological/structural, and textural experiments prior to their electrochemical implementation in Na-ion half-cells. The purity of coals proved insignificant while distinctions in the flake size, pore width, pore distribution, ID/IG ratio, crystallite parameters (La and Lc) along with adjacent parameters, such as the R-empirical parameter, i.e., limited parallel graphene stacking proved more relevant for Na+ storage into the negative host electrodes. Coal powders were identified via a two-step TGA analysis technique displaying the overall carbon content of the coals and the impurities. Coal-based anode materials were prepared from raw and pyrolyzed coals (at 800 °C under argon gas-flow) and cycled in Na-ion half-cells to further investigate the impact of the coal rank on the energetic properties. High volatile bituminous coal with lower graphene stacking and augmented nanoscopic pores delivered higher reversible capacity in comparison with semi-anthracite coal, whether in their raw (67 vs. 54 mAh/g) or pyrolyzed (214 vs. 64 mAh/g) states, respectively vs. Na/Na+. The dominance of HVBC over SAC due to enhanced properties as R-empirical parameter, ID/IG ratio, and internal porosity. This study provides an exhaustive methodology to assess other carbonaceous anode materials further to evaluate their energy storage capabilities.
The moderating role of underlying predictors of survival in patients with brain stroke: a statistical modeling
Authors: Someeh Nasrin , Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza , Farzipoor Farshid , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Determining subclinical Brain stroke (BS) risk factors may allow for early and more operative BS prevention measures to find the main risk factors and moderating effects of survival in patients with BS. In this prospective study, a total of 332 patients were recruited from 2004 up to 2018. Cox's proportional hazard regressions were used to analyze the predictors of survival and the moderating effect by introducing the interaction effects. The survival probability 1-, 5- and 10-year death rates were 0.254, 0.053, and 0. 023, respectively. The most important risk factors for predicting BS were age category, sex, history of blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of hyperlipoproteinemia, oral contraceptive pill, hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident. Interestingly, the age category and education level, smoking and using oral contraceptive pill moderates the relationship between the history of cerebrovascular accident, history of heart disease, and history of blood pressure with the hazard of BS, respectively. Instead of considerable advances in the treatment of the patient with BS, effective BS prevention remains the best means for dropping the BS load regarding the related factors found in this study.
Age-specific modulation of intermuscular beta coherence during gait before and after experimentally induced fatigue
Authors: dos Santos Paulo Cezar Rocha , Lamoth Claudine J. C. , Barbieri Fabio Augusto , Zijdewind Inge , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken , Hortobágyi Tibor
Published: September 2020

We examined the effects of age on intermuscular beta-band (15–35 Hz) coherence during treadmill walking before and after experimentally induced fatigue. Older (n = 12) and younger (n = 12) adults walked on a treadmill at 1.2 m/s for 3 min before and after repetitive sit-to-stand, rSTS, to induce muscle fatigability. We measured stride outcomes and coherence from 100 steps in the dominant leg for the synergistic (biceps femoris (BF)-semitendinosus, rectus femoris (RF)-vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL)-Soleus (SL), tibialis anterior (TA)-peroneus longus (PL)) and for the antagonistic (RF-BF and TA-GL) muscle pairs at late swing and early stance. Older vs. younger adults had 43–62% lower GL-SL, RF-VL coherence in swing and TA-PL and RF-VL coherence in stance. After rSTS, RF-BF coherence in late swing decreased by ~ 20% and TA-PL increased by 16% independent of age (p = 0.02). Also, GL-SL coherence decreased by ~ 23% and increased by ~ 23% in younger and older, respectively. Age affects the oscillatory coupling between synergistic muscle pairs, delivered presumably via corticospinal tracts, during treadmill walking. Muscle fatigability elicits age-specific changes in the common fluctuations in muscle activity, which could be interpreted as a compensation for muscle fatigability to maintain gait performance.
Genomic and experimental data provide new insights into luciferin biosynthesis and bioluminescence evolution in fireflies
Authors: Zhang Ru , He Jinwu , Dong Zhiwei , Liu Guichun , Yin Yuan , Zhang Xinying , Li Qi , Ren Yandong , Yang Yongzhi , Liu Wei , Chen Xianqing , Xia Wenhao , Duan Kang , Hao Fei , Lin Zeshan , Yang Jie , Chang Zhou , Zhao Ruoping , Wan Wenting , Lu Sihan , Peng Yanqiong , Ge Siqin , Wang Wen , Li Xueyan
Published: September 2020

Fireflies are among the most charismatic insects for their spectacular bioluminescence, but the origin and evolution of bioluminescence remain elusive. Especially, the genic basis of luciferin (d-luciferin) biosynthesis and light patterns is largely unknown. Here, we present the high-quality reference genomes of two firefliesLamprigera yunnana(1053 Mb) andAbscondita terminalis(501 Mb) with great differences in both morphology and luminous behavior. We sequenced the transcriptomes and proteomes of luminous organs of two species. We created the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants ofAbdominal Bgene without luminous organs in the larvae ofA. terminalisand sequenced the transcriptomes of mutants and wild-types. Combining gene expression analyses with comparative genomics, we propose a more complete luciferin synthesis pathway, and confirm the convergent evolution of bioluminescence in insects. Using experiments, the function of the firefly acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT1) to convertl-luciferin tod-luciferin was validated for the first time. Comparisons of three-dimension reconstruction of luminous organs and their differentially expressed genes among two species suggest that two positive genes in the calcium signaling pathway and structural difference of luminous organs may play an important role in the evolution of flash pattern. Altogether, our results provide important resources for further exploring bioluminescence in insects.
Pattern recognition of the fluid flow in a 3D domain by combination of Lattice Boltzmann and ANFIS methods
Authors: Babanezhad Meisam , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Marjani Azam , Shirazian Saeed
Published: September 2020

Many numerical methods have been used to simulate the fluid flow pattern in different industrial devices. However, they are limited with modeling of complex geometries, numerical stability and expensive computational time for computing, and large hard drive. The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in learning large datasets with massive inputs and outputs of CFD results enables us to present completely artificial CFD results without existing numerical method problems. As AI methods can not feel barriers in numerical methods, they can be used as an assistance tool beside numerical methods to predict the process in complex geometries and unstable numerical regions within the short computational time. In this study, we use an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in the prediction of fluid flow pattern recognition in the 3D cavity. This prediction overview can reduce the computational time for visualization of fluid in the 3D domain. The method of ANFIS is used to predict the flow in the cavity and illustrates some artificial cavities for a different time. This method is also compared with the genetic algorithm fuzzy inference system (GAFIS) method for the assessment of numerical accuracy and prediction capability. The result shows that the ANFIS method is very successful in the estimation of flow compared with the GAFIS method. However, the GAFIS can provide faster training and prediction platform compared with the ANFIS method.
Correlation of a new hydrodynamic index with other effective indexes in Chiari I malformation patients with different associations
Authors: Gholampour Seifollah , Gholampour Hanie
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to find a new CSF hydrodynamic index to assess Chiari type I malformation (CM-I) patients’ conditions and examine the relationship of this new index with morphometric and volumetric changes in these patients and their clinical symptoms. To this end, 58 CM-I patients in four groups and 20 healthy subjects underwent PC-MRI. Ten morphometric and three volumetric parameters were calculated. The CSF hydrodynamic parameters were also analyzed through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation. The maximum CSF pressure was identified as a new hydrodynamic parameter to assess the CM-I patients’ conditions. This parameter was similar in patients with the same symptoms regardless of the group to which they belonged. The result showed a weak correlation between the maximum CSF pressure and the morphometric parameters in the patients. Among the volumetric parameters, PCF volume had the highest correlation with the maximum CSF pressure, which its value being higher in patients with CM-I/SM/scoliosis (R2 = 65.6%, P = 0.0022) than in the other patients. PCF volume was the more relevant volumetric parameter to assess the patients’ symptoms. The values of PCF volume were greater in patients that headache symptom was more obvious than other symptoms, as compared to the other patients.
Interaction between MyD88, TIRAP and IL1RL1 against Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Fulgione Andrea , Papaianni Marina , Cuomo Paola , Paris Debora , Romano Marco , Tuccillo Concetta , Palomba Letizia , Medaglia Chiara , De Seta Massimiliano , Esposito Nicolino , Motta Andrea , Iannelli Antonio , Iannelli Domenico , Capparelli Rosanna
Published: September 2020

The Toll-interleukin 1 receptor superfamily includes the genes interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), Toll like receptors (TLRs), myeloid differentiation primary-response 88 (MyD88), and MyD88 adaptor-like (TIRAP). This study describes the interaction between MyD88, TIRAP and IL1RL1 against Helicobacter pylori infection. Cases and controls were genotyped at the polymorphic sites MyD88 rs6853, TIRAP rs8177374 and IL1RL1 rs11123923. The results show that specific combinations of IL1RL1-TIRAP (AA-CT; P: 2,8 × 10–17) and MyD88-TIRAP-IL1RL1 (AA-CT-AA; P: 1,4 × 10–8) – but not MyD88 alone—act synergistically against Helicobacter pylori. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) clearly discriminates cases from controls by highlighting significantly different expression levels of several metabolites (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, branched-chain amino acids, short chain fatty acids, glucose, sucrose, urea, etc.). NMR also identifies the following dysregulated metabolic pathways associated to Helicobacter pylori infection: phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, pterine biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and galactose metabolism. Furthermore, NMR discriminates between the cases heterozygous at the IL1RL1 locus from those homozygous at the same locus. Heterozygous patients are characterized by high levels of lactate, and IL1RL1—both associated with anti-inflammatory activity—and low levels of the pro-inflammatory molecules IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-6.
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from pets in selected mountainous areas of Tatra County (Tatra Mountains, Poland)
Authors: Kocoń Anna , Asman Marek , Nowak-Chmura Magdalena , Witecka Joanna , Kłyś Małgorzata , Solarz Krzysztof
Published: September 2020

The mountainous and foothill areas, in which the city of Zakopane, the capital of Tatra County, is located are characterized by continuous weather changes, lower air temperature, persistent snow cover, and poorer vegetation than in the lowlands. Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus are vectors of tick-borne diseases and play an important role in the persistence of tick-borne diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the risk of exposure of domestic cats and dogs to the attacks of Ixodid ticks, to tick-borne infections with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti and Toxoplasma gondii in the city of Zakopane and the surrounding area. In 2017–2018 ticks were collected from a total of 10 domestic cats and 88 domestic dogs. Selected pathogens of tick-borne diseases were detected by PCR and nested PCR. The study material contained 119 I. ricinus and 36 I. hexagonus. The molecular examinations showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum in 3.8%, B. microti in 24.5% and T. gondii in 4.5% of the all ticks. In addition, in the study area, there is a high potential risk of tick-borne infection by B. microti, and a low potential risk of exposure to A. phagocytophilum and T. gondii infection.
Insight into the distinctive paradigm of Human Cytomegalovirus associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis in neonates
Authors: Chatterjee Aroni , Mukherjee Sumit , Basu Biswanath , Roy Debsopan , Basu Rivu , Ghosh Hiya , Mishra Lopamudra , Bhattacharya Mala , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: September 2020

Human Cytomegalovirus has been implicated as a probable cause for the development of hepatic cholestasis among neonates. Our study tried to ascertain the exact demographic, biochemical and immunological markers to differentially diagnose patients with HCMV associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis and also decipher the phylogenetic variability among the viral strains infecting the two groups. A total of 110 neonates collected over a span of 2 years were selected for the study classified into four different groups based on the presence of hepatic cholestasis and active HCMV infection. Our analysis predicted that total Cholesterol, GGT, ALP and TNFα were the only significant biological markers with exact cut-off scores, capable of distinguishing between HCMV associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. We confirmed that in patients belonging to both of these groups, the inflammasome is activated and the extent of this activation is more or less same except for the initial activators NLRP3 and AIM2 respectively. When we performed two separate phylogenetic analyses with HCMV gM and gN gene sequences, we found that in both cases the sequences from the IHC and EHC groups formed almost separate phylogenetic clusters. Our study has shown that the HCMV clinical strains infecting at intrahepatic and extrahepatic sites are phylogenetically segregated as distinct clusters. These two separate groups show different physiological as well as immunological modulations while infecting a similar host.
Awake state-specific suppression of primary somatosensory evoked response correlated with duration of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Ishida Makoto , Jin Kazutaka , Kakisaka Yosuke , Kanno Akitake , Kawashima Ryuta , Nakasato Nobukazu
Published: September 2020

Epilepsy is a network disease. The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is usually considered to be intact, but could be subclinically disturbed based on abnormal functional connectivity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We aimed to investigate if the S1 of TLE is abnormally modulated. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) evoked by median nerve stimulation were recorded in each hemisphere of 15 TLE patients and 28 normal subjects. All responses were separately averaged in the awake state and light sleep using background magnetoencephalography. Latency and strength of the equivalent current dipole (ECD) was compared between the groups for the first (M1) and second peaks. Latencies showed no significant differences between the groups in either wakefulness or light sleep. ECD strengths were significantly lower in TLE patients than in controls only during wakefulness. The reduction of M1 ECD strength in the awake state is significantly correlated with duration of epilepsy. SEFs of TLE patients showed pure ECD strength reduction without latency delay. The phenomenon occurred exclusively during wakefulness, suggesting that a wakefulness-specific modulator of S1 is abnormal in TLE. Repetitive seizures may gradually insult the modulator of S1 distant from the epileptogenic network.
Impact of unequal distances among acoustic sensors on cross-correlation based fisheries stock assessment technique
Authors: Hossain Shaik Asif , Hossen Monir
Published: September 2020

Cross-correlation based fisheries stock assessment technique utilized array of multiple acoustic sensors which were equidistant pair. However, at practical implementation of this technique, equal distances among acoustic sensors is sometimes challenging due to different practical phenomenon. Therefore, in this study, we work on this issue and investigated the impact of unequal distances among the acoustic sensors. We found that cross-correlation based technique proved its effectiveness even for the unequal spacing among acoustic sensors. We considered chirp generating species of fish and mammals, i.e., damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), dugongs (Dugong dugong), etc., species, and three acoustic sensors array for simulation purposes. Some limitations including negligence of multipath interference, assuming the delays to be integer were compromised during simulations.
The construction of a near-infrared fluorescent probe with dual advantages for imaging carbon monoxide in cells and in vivo
Authors: Tian Yang , Jiang Wen-Li , Wang Wen-Xin , Peng Jie , Li Xue-Meng , Li Yongfei , Li Chun-Yan
Published: September 2020

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe (FDX-CO) is developed to detect CO with a large Stokes shift and long emission wavelength. The probe can monitor CO in cells by fluorescence imaging, and is successfully applied for visualizing CO in vivo.
Lewis acid catalysed asymmetric cascade reaction of cyclopropyl ketones: concise synthesis of pyrrolobenzothiazoles
Authors: Chang Fenzhen , Shen Bin , Wang Sijing , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2020

A concise method to synthesize pyrrolobenzothiazoles via a cascade reaction of cyclopropyl ketones was developed by using a chiral N,N′-dioxide-scandium(iii) complex catalyst.
Chronopotentiometric aptasensing with signal amplification based on enzyme-catalyzed surface polymerization
Authors: Liu Shuwen , Ding Jiawang , Qin Wei
Published: September 2020

A signal amplification strategy based on the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed polymerization of dopamine on a polymeric ion-selective membrane surface is proposed for the sensitive chronopotentiometric detection of an aptamer–target binding event.
A hyperbranched transcription-activated CRISPR-Cas12a signal amplification strategy for sensitive microRNA sensing
Authors: Tian Weimin , Liu Xiaoling , Wang Gaoting , Liu Chenghui
Published: September 2020

A hyperbranched RCA-assisted transcription and CRISPR-Cas12a-based triplex signal amplification strategy is developed for the sensitive detection of microRNA.
New members of the polynuclear manganese family: MnII2MnIII2 single-molecule magnets and MnII3MnIII8 antiferromagnetic complexes. Synthesis and magnetostructural correlations
Authors: Reis Conceição Nuno , Nesterova Oksana V. , Rajnák Cyril , Boča Roman , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Nesterov Dmytro S.
Published: September 2020

Three novel Mn4 and Mn11 complexes were synthesized and characterized. Tetranuclear complexes behave as single-molecule magnets with a high energy barrier.
Functional separators towards the suppression of lithium dendrites for rechargeable high-energy batteries
Authors: Hao Zhendong , Zhao Qing , Tang Jiadong , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Jingbing , Jin Yuhong , Wang Hao
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes the recent advances of functional separators towards the suppression of lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries.
A highly selective electron affinity facilitated H2S sensor: the marriage of tris(keto-hydrazone) and an organic field-effect transistor
Authors: Yuvaraja Saravanan , Bhyranalyar Veerabhadraswamy Nagarajappa , Bhat Sachin Ashok , Surya Sandeep Goud , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar Veerappa , Salama Khaled Nabil
Published: September 2020

The proposed H2S gas sensor is a novel heterojunction combination that can readily absorb toxic gases, changing the channel resistance of the device. The OFET device is a highly stable and selective tool that can help in taking preventive measures.
Advances in conjugated polymers for visualization of latent fingerprints: a critical perspective
Authors: Malik Akhtar Hussain , Zehra Nehal , Ahmad Muzaffer , Parui Retwik , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: September 2020

Owing to unique photophysical and structural features conjugated polymers (CPs) have demonstrated high selectivity, specificity and enhanced imaging ability and are utilized for rapid latent fingerprint development using simple processing methods.
Synthesis of pertrifluoromethyl pyridazine derivatives via a tandem reaction of aryldiazonium salts with hexafluoroacetylacetone
Authors: Wu Wei , Han Xiaoyan , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: September 2020

A method for the synthesis of pertrifluoromethyl pyridazine derivatives by the condensation of arenediazonium salts with hexafluoroacetylacetone has been developed.
Rhodium/copper-cocatalyzed coupling-cyclization of o-alkenyl arylisocyanides with vinyl azides: one-pot synthesis of α-carbolines
Authors: Yang Ming , Meng Xiang-He , Wang Zhuo , Gong Yue , Zhao Yu-Long
Published: September 2020

A novel rhodium/copper-cocatalyzed coupling–cyclization reaction of o-alkenyl arylisocyanides with vinyl azides has been developed. The reaction provides a new route to α-carbolines by the formation of two C–C bonds, one C–N bond and two aromatic rings in a single step.
Iron nanoparticles loaded on nickel sulfide nanosheets: an efficient amorphous catalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Lu Changtong , Niu XianKang , Zhang WenHui , Qu Fengli , Lu Limin
Published: September 2020

Fe NPs-Ni3S2 NA/NF-10 exhibited an overpotential of 206 mV at 150 mA cm−2, outmatching most non-noble OER catalysts reported so far.
Preparation and investigation of 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole functionalized polyvinyl chloride/poly(ether ketone cardo) membranes for HT-PEMFCs
Authors: Liu Ruihong , Che Xuefu , Chen Xiong , Li Hao , Dong Jianhao , Hao Zhe , Yang Jingshuai
Published: September 2020

Novel blend high temperature proton exchange membranes with high performance were fabricated by a facile method.
The role of oxygen vacancies in water splitting photoanodes
Authors: Fernández-Climent Roser , Giménez Sixto , García-Tecedor Miguel
Published: September 2020

The present topical review aims to summarize the role of oxygen vacancies on four of the most studied semiconducting thin film oxides (BiVO4, Fe2O3, TiO2 and WO3) as photoanodes for solar water splitting.
Hydrogen-efficient non-oxidative transformation of methanol into dimethoxymethane over a tailored bifunctional Cu catalyst
Authors: Sun Ruiyan , Mebrahtu Chalachew , Hofmann Jan Philipp , Bongartz Dominik , Burre Jannik , Gierlich Christian Henning , Hausoul Peter J. C. , Mitsos Alexander , Palkovits Regina
Published: September 2020

DMM, as a promising synthetic fuel, can enable clean combustion. We demonstrated a novel pathway for DMM production with the co-production of valuable H2via direct methanol dehydrogenation in the presence of a highly-selective Cu/Hβ catalyst.
Theoretical search for high-performance thermoelectric donor–acceptor copolymers: the role of super-exchange couplings
Authors: Yong Xue , Wu Gang , Shi Wen , Wong Zicong Marvin , Deng Tianqi , Zhu Qiang , Yang Xiaoping , Wang Jian-Sheng , Xu Jianwei , Yang Shuo-Wang
Published: September 2020

First-principles calculations of a series of representing D–A copolymers demonstrated the strong Super-Exchange couplings induce not only small hole effective mass but also weak electron-phonon couplings, and eventually high thermoelectric power factor.
Na7V3(P2O7)4as a high voltage electrode material for Na-ion batteries: crystal structure and mechanism of Na+extraction/insertion byoperandoX-ray diffraction
Authors: Kovrugin Vadim M. , Chotard Jean-Noël , Fauth François , Masquelier Christian
Published: September 2020

The crystal chemistry and the electrochemical properties of Na7V3(P2O7)4as a high voltage cathode material upon Na+extraction/insertion were investigated byoperandoX-ray diffraction.
High-rate Na0.7Li2.3V2(PO4)2F3 hollow sphere cathode prepared via a solvothermal and electrochemical ion exchange approach for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Mukherjee Ayan , Rosy  , Sharabani Tali , Perelshtein Ilana , Noked Malachi
Published: September 2020

Electrochemical ion exchange of Na+ with Li+ to design high rate Na0.7Li2.3V2(PO4)2F3 hollow spherical cathode for lithium ion batteries.
Optimization of photocarrier dynamics and activity in phosphorene with intrinsic defects for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Pei Wei , Zhou Si , Zhao Jijun , Du Yi , Dou Shi Xue
Published: September 2020

The typical point defects in phosphorene were exploited to activate its basal plane and optimally modulate the photocarrier dynamics for solar-driven nitrogen reduction reaction.
Correction: Anion exchange-induced single-molecule dispersion of cobalt porphyrins in a cationic porous organic polymer for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction via secondary-coordination sphere interactions
Authors: Tang Jia-Kang , Zhu Chen-Yuan , Jiang Tian-Wen , Wei Lei , Wang Hui , Yu Ke , Yang Chun-Lei , Zhang Yue-Biao , Chen Chen , Li Zhan-Ting , Zhang Dan-Wei , Zhang Li-Ming
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘Anion exchange-induced single-molecule dispersion of cobalt porphyrins in a cationic porous organic polymer for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction via secondary-coordination sphere interactions’ by Jia-Kang Tang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0ta07068h.
Reduced graphene oxide–GelMA–PCL hybrid nanofibers for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Fang Xingxing , Guo Haichang , Zhang Wei , Fang Haoming , Li Qicheng , Bai Shulin , Zhang Peixun
Published: September 2020

Graphene oxide is currently used in peripheral nerve engineering but has certain limitations, such as cytotoxicity and lack of electrical conductivity, both of which are crucial in regulating nerve-associated cell behaviors.
PLGA/chitosan–heparin composite microparticles prepared with microfluidics for the construction of hMSC aggregates
Authors: Ge Min , Sheng Yaqi , Qi Shuyue , Cao Lei , Zhang Yan , Yang Jun
Published: September 2020

P/C–h composite microparticles fabricated by microfluidics enhanced the biological functions of hMSC aggregates through neutralizing PLGA′ acidic degradation products.
Supramolecular ensembles modified by near-infrared dyes and their biological applications
Authors: Jin Tongxia , Huang Chusen , Cui Mengyu , Yang Yonghui , Wang Zhuo , Zhu Weiping , Qian Xuhong
Published: September 2020

This review presents recently developed supramolecular ensembles modified by near-infrared dyes. We discussed the construction of these near-infrared dyes-based ensembles and their biological application.
Synthesis of heteronanostructures for multimodality molecular imaging-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Xu Fengqin , Li Xiaodong , Chen Hongda , Jian Minghong , Sun Yanhong , Liu Guifeng , Ma Lina , Wang Zhenxin
Published: September 2020

Here, a heteronanostructure (Au-Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-DTPA-Gd) has been constructed for multimodality molecular imaging (T1-/T2-weighted MRI and CT imaging)-guided PTT of cancer by combination of Au-Fe3O4, PDA shell and DTPA-Gd into one nanoplatform.
Significantly enhanced energy storage performance of flexible composites using sodium bismuth titanate based lead-free fillers
Authors: Yang Pingan , Li Lili , Yuan Hongbin , Wen Fei , Zheng Peng , Wu Wei , Zhang Lin , Wang Gaofeng , Xu Zhuo
Published: September 2020

A new lead-free antiferroelectric ceramic NBT–SBT was introduced into PVDF polymer to fabricate composites films, achieving record-high energy density of 15.3 J cm−3 at 500 MV m−1 and meeting the requirement of miniaturization and lightweight device.
Improving the photoresponsivity and reducing the persistent photocurrent effect of visible-light ZnO/quantum-dot phototransistors via a TiO2 layer
Authors: Kim Byung Jun , Park Sungho , Kim Tae Yeon , Jung Eui Young , Hong Jong-Am , Kim Beom-Su , Jeon Woojin , Park Yongsup , Kang Seong Jun
Published: September 2020

Conventional visible-light phototransistors based on the heterostructure of wide band gap zinc oxide (ZnO) and colloidal quantum-dots (CdSe/ZnS QDs) have been studied.
Stimuli-responsive luminescent bithiophene-dicarbaldehyde molecular rotors by hydrogen bonding
Authors: Liu Zheng-Fei , Chen Xue , Mou Zhou Fan , Jin Wei Jun
Published: September 2020

The strategy of controlling the rotation of molecular rotors by hydrogen bonding in the excited state to construct stimuli-responsive luminescent materials (SRLMs) has been proposed.
Intramolecular H-bond design for efficient orange–red thermally activated delayed fluorescence based on a rigid dibenzo[f,h]pyrido[2,3-b]quinoxaline acceptor
Authors: Xie Feng-Ming , Zeng Xin-Yi , Zhou Jing-Xiong , An Zhi-Dong , Wang Wenjun , Li Yan-Qing , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Tang Jian-Xin
Published: September 2020

Tune the molecular excited state and rate constants of radiative intersystem crossing by constructing intramolecular H-bonds to achieve high-efficiency orange–red TADF-OLEDs.
Neuroscience in the blink of an eye: using the retina to understand the brain
Authors: Albrecht Nicholas E. , Burger Courtney A. , Samuel Melanie A.
Published: September 2020

Over the centuries, artists, poets, writers and scientists have all attempted to answer a key existential question: what makes us human? Neuroscience has provided us with one exciting possible answer: our brains. To decode the complexities of the brain, many large-scale efforts are aimed at unravelling the cellular, molecular and computational properties of this startlingly complex system. Yet, to date, many important insights towards these problems have come from a surprisingly humble part of the central nervous system – the retina. The retina resides outside the skull within the eye and is responsible for vision. It contains diverse neuron types that detect light and has proven to be a uniquely approachable system for discovering neurobiology principles owing to its inherent organization, wiring and experimental accessibility. In this article, we describe how the retina has been used to make key neuroscience discoveries, and in turn how these principles shed light on how the brain works.
Magnetic torques on T Tauri stars: Accreting versus non-accreting systems
Authors: Pantolmos G. , Zanni C. , Bouvier J.
Published: September 2020

Context. Classical T Tauri stars (CTTs) magnetically interact with their surrounding disks, a process that is thought to regulate their rotational evolution.

Aims. We compute torques acting on the stellar surface of CTTs that arise from different accreting (accretion funnels) and ejecting (stellar winds and magnetospheric ejections) flow components. Furthermore, we compare the magnetic braking due to stellar winds in two different systems: isolated (i.e., weak-line T Tauri and main-sequence) and accreting (i.e., classical T Tauri) stars.

Methods. We use 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic, time-dependent, axisymmetric simulations that were computed with the PLUTO code. For both systems, the stellar wind is thermally driven. In the star-disk-interaction (SDI) simulations, the accretion disk is Keplerian, viscous, and resistive, and is modeled with an alpha prescription. Two series of simulations are presented, one for each system (i.e., isolated and accreting stars).

Results. In classical T Tauri systems, the presence of magnetospheric ejections confines the stellar-wind expansion, resulting in an hourglass-shaped geometry of the outflow, and the formation of the accretion columns modifies the amount of open magnetic flux exploited by the stellar wind. These effects have a strong impact on the stellar-wind properties, and we show that the stellar-wind braking is more efficient in the SDI systems than in the isolated ones. We further derive torque scalings over a wide range of magnetic field strengths for each flow component in an SDI system (i.e., magnetospheric accretion and ejections, and stellar winds), which directly applies a torque on the stellar surface.

Conclusions. In all the performed SDI simulations, the stellar wind extracts less than 2% of the mass accretion rate and the disk is truncated by up to 66% of the corotation radius. All simulations show a net spin-up torque. We conclude that in order to achieve a stellar-spin equilibrium, we need either more massive stellar winds or disks that are truncated closer to the corotation radius, which increases the torque efficiency of the magnetospheric ejections.
Investigating the magnetospheric accretion process in the young pre-transitional disk system DoAr 44 (V2062 Oph)
Authors: Bouvier J. , Alecian E. , Alencar S. H. P. , Sousa A. , Donati J.-F. , Perraut K. , Bayo A. , Rebull L. M. , Dougados C. , Duvert G. , Berger J.-P. , Benisty M. , Pouilly K. , Folsom C. , Moutou C. ,   the SPIRou consortium
Published: September 2020

Context. Young stars interact with their accretion disk through their strong magnetosphere.

Aims. We aim to investigate the magnetospheric accretion/ejection process in the young stellar system DoAr 44 (V2062 Oph).

Methods. We monitored the system over several rotational cycles, combining high-resolution spectropolarimetry at both optical and near-IR wavelengths with long-baseline near-IR inteferometry and multicolor photometry.

Results. We derive a rotational period of 2.96 d from the system’s light curve, which is dominated by stellar spots. We fully characterize the central star’s properties from the high signal-to-noise, high-resolution optical spectra we obtained during the campaign. DoAr 44 is a young 1.2 M⊙ star, moderately accreting from its disk (Ṁacc = 6.5 10−9 M⊙ yr−1), and seen at a low inclination (i ≃ 30°). Several optical and near-IR line profiles probing the accretion funnel flows (Hα, Hβ, HeI 1083 nm, Paβ) and the accretion shock (HeI 587.6 nm) are modulated at the stellar rotation period. The most variable line profile is HeI 1083 nm, which exhibits modulated redshifted wings that are a signature of accretion funnel flows, as well as deep blueshifted absorptions indicative of transient outflows. The Zeeman-Doppler analysis suggests the star hosts a mainly dipolar magnetic field, inclined by about 20° onto the spin axis, with an intensity reaching about 800 G at the photosphere, and up to 2 ± 0.8 kG close to the accretion shock. The magnetic field appears strong enough to disrupt the inner disk close to the corotation radius, at a distance of about 4.6 R⋆ (0.043 au), which is consistent with the 5 R⋆ (0.047 au) upper limit we derived for the size of the magnetosphere in our Paper I from long baseline interferometry.

Conclusions. DoAr 44 is a pre-transitional disk system, exhibiting a 25–30 au gap in its circumstellar disk, with the inner and outer disks being misaligned. On a scale of 0.1 au or less, our results indicate that the system is steadily accreting from its inner disk through its tilted dipolar magnetosphere. We conclude that in spite of a highly structured disk on the large scale, perhaps the signature of ongoing planetary formation, the magnetospheric accretion process proceeds unimpeded at the star-disk interaction level.