bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process-Based Modeling to Assess the Effects of Recent Climatic Variation on Site Productivity and Forest Function across Western North America
Authors: Waring Richard , Coops Nicholas , Mathys Amanda , Hilker Thomas , Latta Greg
Published: March 2014

A process-based forest growth model, 3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth), parameterized with values of soil properties constrained by satellite-derived estimates of maximum leaf area index (LAImax), was run for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) to contrast the extent to which site growth potential might vary across western North America between a cool, wet period (1950–1975) and a more recent, generally warmer and drier one (2000–2009). LAImax represents a surrogate for overall site growth potential, as demonstrated from a strong correlation between the two variables, with the latter based on the culmination of mean annual increment estimates made at 3356 ground-based U.S. Forest Service survey plots across the states of Oregon and Washington. Results indicate that since 2000, predicted LAImax has decreased more than 20% in portions of the Southwest USA and for much of the forested area in western Alberta. Similar percentage increases in LAImax were predicted for parts of British Columbia, Idaho and Montana. The modeling analysis included an assessment of changes in seasonal constraints on gross primary production (GPP). A general reduction in limitations caused by spring frost occurred across the entire study area. This has led to a longer growing season, along with notable increases in summer evaporative demand and soil drought for much of the study area away from the maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean.
Structure and Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activities of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Dimocarpus longan Pulp
Authors: Meng Fa-Yan , Ning Yuan-Ling , Qi Jia , He Zhou , Jie Jiang , Lin Juan-Juan , Huang Yan-Jun , Li Fu-Sen , Li Xue-Hua
Published: March 2014

A new water-soluble polysaccharide (longan polysaccharide 1 (LP1)) was extracted and successfully purified from Dimocarpus longan pulp via diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose anion-exchange and Sephacryl S-300 HR gel chromatography. The chemical structure was determined using Infrared (IR), gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The results indicated that the molecular weight of the sample was 1.1 × 105 Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that LP1 was composed of Glc, GalA, Ara and Gal in a molar ratio of 5.39:1.04:0.74:0.21. Structural analysis indicated that LP1 consisted of a backbone of →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ units with poly saccharide side chains composed of →2)-β-d-Fruf-(1→2)-l-sorbose-(1→ attached to the O-6 position of the α-d-Glcp residues. In vitro experiments indicated that LP1 had significantly high antitumor activity against SKOV3 and HO8910 tumor cells, with inhibition percentages of 40% and 50%, respectively. In addition, LP1 significantly stimulated the production of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), increased the activity of murine macrophages and enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The results of this study demonstrate that LP1 has potential applications as a natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.
Towards the Development of the National Ocean Service San Francisco Bay Operational Forecast System
Authors: Peng Machuan , Jr. Richard , Zhang Aijun , III Frank
Published: March 2014

The National Ocean Service (NOS), Center for Operational Products and Services installed a Physical Oceanographic Real Time System (PORTS) in San Francisco Bay during 1998 to provide water surface elevation, currents at PORTS prediction depth as well as near-surface temperature and salinity. To complement the PORTS, a new nowcast/forecast system (consistent with NOS procedures) has been constructed. This new nowcast/forecast system is based on the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) using a computational domain, which extends from Rio Vista on the Sacramento River and Antioch on the San Joaquin River through Suisun and San Pablo Bays and Upper and Lower San Francisco Bay out onto the continental shelf. This paper presents the FVCOM setup, testing, and validation for tidal and hindcast scenarios. In addition, the San Francisco Bay Operational Forecast System (SFBOFS) setup within the NOS Coastal Ocean Model Framework (COMF) is discussed. The SFBOFS performance during a semi-operational nowcast/forecast test period is presented and the production webpage is also briefly introduced. FVCOM, the core of SFBOFS, has been found to run robustly during the test period. Amplitudes and epochs of the M2 S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, and Q1 constituents from the model tide-only simulation scenario are very close to the observed values at all stations. NOS skill assessment and RMS errors of all variables indicate that most statistical parameters pass the assessment criteria, and the model predictions are in agreement with measurements for both hindcast and semi-operational nowcast/forecast scenarios.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of the Bifurcaria bifurcata Epiphytic Bacteria
Authors: Horta André , Pinteus Susete , Alves Celso , Fino Nádia , Silva Joana , Fernandez Sara , Rodrigues Américo , Pedrosa Rui
Published: March 2014

Surface-associated marine bacteria are an interesting source of new secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of epiphytic bacteria from the marine brown alga, Bifurcaria bifurcata, and the evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of bacteria extracts. The identification of epiphytic bacteria was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteria extracts were obtained with methanol and dichloromethane (1:1) extraction. The antioxidant activity of extracts was performed by quantification of total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. A total of 39 Bifurcaria bifurcata-associated bacteria were isolated and 33 were identified as Vibrio sp. (48.72%), Alteromonas sp. (12.82%), Shewanella sp. (12.26%), Serratia sp. (2.56%), Citricoccus sp. (2.56%), Cellulophaga sp. (2.56%), Ruegeria sp. (2.56%) and Staphylococcus sp. (2.56%). Six (15.38%) of the 39 bacteria Bifurcaria bifurcata-associated bacteria presented less than a 90% Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) match, and some of those could be new. The highest antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity (against B. subtilis) was exhibited by strain 16 (Shewanella sp.). Several strains also presented high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, mainly belonging to Alteromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. There were no positive results against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. Bifurcaria bifurcata epiphytic bacteria were revealed to be excellent sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.
Rooibos Flavonoids Inhibit the Activity of Key Adrenal Steroidogenic Enzymes, Modulating Steroid Hormone Levels in H295R Cells
Authors: Schloms Lindie , Swart Amanda
Published: March 2014

Major rooibos flavonoids—dihydrochalcones, aspalathin and nothofagin, flavones—orientin and vitexin, and a flavonol, rutin, were investigated to determine their influence on the activity of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD2) and cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), P450 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) and P450 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1). All the flavonoids inhibited 3βHSD2 and CYP17A1 significantly, while the inhibition of downstream enzymes, CYP21A2 and CYP11B1, was both substrate and flavonoid specific. The dihydrochalcones inhibited the activity of CYP21A2, but not that of CYP11B1. Although rutin, orientin and vitexin inhibited deoxycortisol conversion by CYP11B1 significantly, inhibition of deoxycorticosterone was <20%. These three flavonoids were unable to inhibit CYP21A2, with negligible inhibition of deoxycortisol biosynthesis only. Rooibos inhibited substrate conversion by CYP17A1 and CYP21A2, while the inhibition of other enzyme activities was <20%. In H295R cells, rutin had the greatest inhibitory effect on steroid production upon forskolin stimulation, reducing total steroid output 2.3-fold, while no effect was detected under basal conditions. Nothofagin and vitexin had a greater inhibitory effect on overall steroid production compared to aspalathin and orientin, respectively. The latter compounds contain two hydroxyl groups on the B ring, while nothofagin and vitexin contain a single hydroxyl group. In addition, all of the flavonoids are glycosylated, albeit at different positions—dihydrochalcones at C3' and flavones at C8 on ring A, while rutin, a larger molecule, has a rutinosyl moiety at C3 on ring C. Structural differences regarding the number and position of hydroxyl and glucose moieties as well as structural flexibility could indicate different mechanisms by which these flavonoids influence the activity of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes.
Discrimination of Dendrobium officinale and Its Common Adulterants by Combination of Normal Light and Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Chu Chu , Yin Huimin , Xia Li , Cheng Dongping , Yan Jizhong , Zhu Lin
Published: March 2014

The stems of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, named Tie-pi-shi-hu, is one of the most endangered and precious species in China. Because of its various pharmacodynamic effects, D. officinale is widely recognized as a high-quality health food in China and other countries in south and south-east Asia. With the rising interest of D. officinale, its products have a high price due to a limited supply. This high price has led to the proliferation of adulterants in the market. To ensure the safe use of D. officinale, a fast and convenient method combining normal and fluorescence microscopy was applied in the present study to distinguish D. officinale from three commonly used adulterants including Zi-pi-shi-hu (D. devonianum), Shui-cao-shi-hu (D. aphyllum), Guang-jie-shi-hu (D. gratiosissimum). The result demonstrated that D. officinale could be identified by the characteristic “two hat-shaped” vascular bundle sheath observed under the fluorescence microscopy and the distribution of raphides under normal light microscopy. The other three adulterants could be discriminated by the vascular bundle differences and the distribution of raphides under normal light microscopy. This work indicated that combination of normal light and fluorescence microscopy is a fast and efficient technique to scientifically distinguish D. officinale from the commonly confused species.
Microencapsulation of Purified Amylase Enzyme from Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel in Arabic Gum-Chitosan using Freeze Drying
Authors: Amid Mehrnoush , Manap Yazid , Zohdi Nor
Published: March 2014

Amylase is one of the most important enzymes in the world due to its wide application in various industries and biotechnological processes. In this study, amylase enzyme from Hylocereus polyrhizus was encapsulated for the first time in an Arabic gum-chitosan matrix using freeze drying. The encapsulated amylase retained complete biocatalytic activity and exhibited a shift in the optimum temperature and considerable increase in the pH and temperature stabilities compared to the free enzyme. Encapsulation of the enzyme protected the activity in the presence of ionic and non-ionic surfactants and oxidizing agents (H2O2) and enhanced the shelf life. The storage stability of amylase is found to markedly increase after immobilization and the freeze dried amylase exhibited maximum encapsulation efficiency value (96.2%) after the encapsulation process. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that the encapsulation of the enzyme in a coating agent using freeze drying is an efficient method to keep the enzyme active and stable until required in industry.
Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity and 2D-QSAR Study of Some Imidazoquinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Georgey Hanan
Published: March 2014

A novel series of 4-substituted amino-7,8-dimethoxy-1-phenylimidazo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one derivatives was designed, synthesized and tested for their antitumor activity against a human mammary carcinoma cell line (MCF7). Compound 5a was found to be the most active derivative. Physico-chemical parameters were also determined and revealed that most of the compounds obeyed the “rule of five” properties with good absorption percentages. 2D-QSAR studies revealed a well predictive and statistically significant and cross validated QSAR model that helps to explore some expectedly potent compounds.
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) by 454 Pyrosequencing
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Zhuo , Li Yong
Published: March 2014

Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) is a deciduous shrub or small tree that is native to a large area covering from southern Europe, east across central Asia, and the Himalayas in northern China. Shotgun 454 pyrosequencing was used to develop microsatellite markers from the genome of C. coggygria. In this study, 349 microsatellite loci were identified from 40,074 individual sequence reads produced by one-sixteenth run, and primer pairs were designed for these loci. To test the primer amplification efficiency, 50 microsatellite primer pairs were tested across 12 individuals from two C. coggygria populations (Wuzhi Mountain: 36°30'N, 113°39'E; Tianlong Mountain: 37°42'N, 112°26'E). Among the 50 tested primer pairs, eight were found to be polymorphic. The average allele number of the microsatellites was 3.5 per locus, with a range from two to five. The inbreeding coefficient ranged from −0.478 to 0.222. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.167 to 0.750 and from 0.163 to 0.743, respectively. This set of markers is potentially useful for assessing the genetic diversity, as well as for understanding the population structure and phylogeographical and landscape genetic patterns, of C. coggygria.
Encapsulation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Mannitol by Spray Drying
Authors: Shiga Hirokazu , Joreau Hiromi , Neoh Tze , Furuta Takeshi , Yoshii Hidefumi
Published: March 2014

The retention of the enzyme activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been studied in various drying processes such as spray drying. The aim of this study is to encapsulate ADH in mannitol, either with or without additive in order to limit the thermal denaturation of the enzyme during the drying process. The retention of ADH activity was investigated at different drying temperatures. When mannitol was used, the encapsulated ADH was found inactive in all the dried powders. This is presumably due to the quick crystallization of mannitol during spray drying that resulted in the impairment of enzyme protection ability in comparison to its amorphous form. Maltodextin (dextrose equivalent = 11) was used to reduce the crystallization of mannitol. The addition of maltodextrin increased ADH activity and drastically changed the powder X-ray diffractogram of the spray-dried powders.
Retrieval of Gap Fraction and Effective Plant Area Index from Phase-Shift Terrestrial Laser Scans
Authors: Pueschel Pyare , Newnham Glenn , Hill Joachim
Published: March 2014

The characterization of canopy structure is crucial for modeling eco-physiological processes. Two commonly used metrics for characterizing canopy structure are the gap fraction and the effective Plant Area Index (PAIe). Both have been successfully retrieved with terrestrial laser scanning. However, a systematic assessment of the influence of the laser scan properties on the retrieval of these metrics is still lacking. This study investigated the effects of resolution, measurement speed, and noise compression on the retrieval of gap fraction and PAIe from phase-shift FARO Photon 120 laser scans. We demonstrate that FARO’s noise compression yields gap fractions and PAIe that deviate significantly from those based on scans without noise compression and strongly overestimate Leaf Area Index (LAI) estimates based on litter trap measurements. Scan resolution and measurement speed were also shown to impact gap fraction and PAIe, but this depended on leaf development phase, stand structure, and LAI calculation method. Nevertheless, PAIe estimates based on various scan parameter combinations without noise compression proved to be quite stable.
Retrospective Serology Study of Respiratory Virus Infections in Captive Great Apes
Authors: Buitendijk Hester , Fagrouch Zahra , Niphuis Henk , Bogers Willy , Warren Kristin , Verschoor Ernst
Published: March 2014

Great apes are extremely sensitive to infections with human respiratory viruses. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed sera from captive chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans. More than 1000 sera (403 chimpanzee, 77 gorilla, and 535 orang-utan sera) were analyzed for antibodies to the human respiratory viruses RSV (respiratory syncytial virus, hMPV (human metapneumovirus), H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses, and influenza B virus. In all ape species high seroprevalences were found for RSV, hMPV, and influenza B virus. A high percentage of captive chimpanzees also showed evidence of influenza A H1N1 infections, and had low levels of H3N2 antibodies, while in sera from gorillas and orang-utans antibody levels to influenza A and B viruses were much lower or practically absent. Transmission of respiratory viruses was examined in longitudinal sera of young chimpanzees, and in chimpanzee sera taken during health checks. In young animals isolated cases of influenza infections were monitored, but evidence was found for single introductions followed by a rapid dissemination of RSV and hMPV within the group. Implementation of strict guidelines for handling and housing of nonhuman primates was shown to be an efficient method to reduce the introduction of respiratory infections in colonies of captive animals. RSV seroprevalence rates of chimpanzees remained high, probably due to circulating virus in the chimpanzee colony.
Improving Sediment Transport Prediction by Assimilating Satellite Images in a Tidal Bay Model of Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wai Onyx , Chen Xiaoling , Lu Jianzhong , Tian Liqiao
Published: March 2014

Numerical models being one of the major tools for sediment dynamic studies in complex coastal waters are now benefitting from remote sensing images that are easily available for model inputs. The present study explored various methods of integrating remote sensing ocean color data into a numerical model to improve sediment transport prediction in a tide-dominated bay in Hong Kong, Deep Bay. Two sea surface sediment datasets delineated from satellite images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectra-radiometer (MODIS) were assimilated into a coastal ocean model of the bay for one tidal cycle. It was found that remote sensing sediment information enhanced the sediment transport model ability by validating the model results with in situ measurements. Model results showed that root mean square errors of forecast sediment both at the surface layer and the vertical layers from the model with satellite sediment assimilation are reduced by at least 36% over the model without assimilation.
Temperature Measurements for Transmission Lines Based on Passive Optical Sensing
Authors: Liu Song Xiang , Xiao Wei , Chen Hong Bo , Bai Huan , Feng Yun , Fang Xin
Published: March 2014

In order to achieve real-time monitoring of high-voltage lines, a temperature measurement system for transmission lines based on the online passive FBG sensors is proposed. The temperature linearity of the FBG sensors designed by bi-metal package is greater than 0.999, which guarantees great mechanical strength and temperature measurement performance. The sensors are fixed to the lines by a specially designed fixture. This temperature measurement system for transmission lines based on optical sensing is running on 110kV line with strong scalability, which could monitor temperature changes of the conductor in real time.
Data Fusion in Environment Monitoring Systems with Extended Dempster-Shafer Theory
Authors: Li Jin Gang , Zheng Chun Na , Xuan Hong Wei , Jiang Yan
Published: March 2014

In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of multi-source heterogeneous data in the collection process for environment monitoring, according to the analysis of the limitations, the existing methods and the features of data collected, a new kind of data fusion approach based on extended Dempster-Shafer theory is proposed. The mathematical description of extended Dempster-Shafer theory based on the data fusion is defined and the corresponding model is developed in which the data fusion method and the implementation of the algorithm are discussed. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to a computing system. The study of this approach can supply scientific accordance for comprehensive monitoring of environment.
Faults Diagnosis of Ball Bearing Based on Probabilistic Neural Network
Authors: Ji Xin Xin , Wang Zhong Min
Published: March 2014

To solve the difficulties of establishing precise mathematical model of ball bearing fault diagnosis, a classification method based on probabilistic neural network (PNN) used for ball bearing fault mode classification is proposed. Firstly, this paper analyzed the basic theory of PNN, and then a mapping relationship between feature vector and fault mode is set up based on PNN. Secondly, selections of ball bearing fault features and practical procedure of neural network setting and training are discussed. Experiments and compared with the algorithm of back propagation neural network (BPNN) prove that PNN method is feasible and has better diagnosis efficiency than BPNN.
The Design and Implementation of Automatic Fire Extinguishing and Explosion Suppression System's Testing Equipment
Authors: Liao Xue Bing , Shan Hui Qun , Quan Zhen Zhong , Peng Lei
Published: March 2014

According to the automatic fire extinguishing equipment requirements for explosion suppression platform system, this paper using the flexible neural tree and the clonal selection principle, describes the creation method of flexible neural tree model, embedded virtual instrument technology, to solve the nonlinear system fault diagnosis problem, realize the fire (explosion) detection system control components, improves the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. After the trial, the equipment illustrates high integrity, good versatility and high stability.
Dispatching Automation System Graphics File Checksum Methods
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhu Gui Ying , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2014

In order to validate differences of the graphical information between power manage systems, this paper based on the current systems in the graphical aspects of the application, analyzes the interoperability based on IEC61970 standard graphical information, and on this basis proposed electricity system graphical calibration methods and method validation for each part of the key technologies are discussed in detail. Finally, through the practical application of technology validation results demonstrate the reasonableness and verify the correctness of the method to solve the system interaction process graphics file interoperability standards compliance issues.
Optimal Control Research for the Wind Turbine PMSG Chaos Motion
Authors: Ren Lin Zheng , Lei Teng Fei , Chen Heng , Wang Rong
Published: March 2014

In this paper, the dynamic motion of the wind turbine permanent magnet synchronous generator is studied. After the permanent magnet synchronous generator motion is analyzed, the system has a complex chaotic motion in some parameters condition. A controller is designed based on optimal control theory. The optimal controller is used to avoid PMSG chaos and ensure the system is stable. This controller is simple and easy to implement. The simulation results show the whole control system has the good performance. The wind turbine PMSG optimal controller can be used by the other researchers.
Discussion on 3D Print Model and Technology
Authors: Ai Ju Mei , Du Ping
Published: March 2014

3D printing is a new technology of computer science, is an important topic in the field of academic discussion, is still in the primary stage of 3D printing technology in China, the application is not widespread, so scholars have discussed a lot of work to do. This paper introduces the 3D printing technology international and domestic development situation, the working principle, the printing process and technology, proposed the application bottleneck 3D printing technology is to manufacture, printing materials therefore, electroactive materials developed for 3D printing will become an important direction of future research of 3D print.
Simulation and Inertial Force Research of Three-Channel Hydraulic Loading Test Bench
Authors: Luo Yan Jie , Li Jia Chen , Mai Yun Fei
Published: March 2014

This paper states the control principle of the three-channel hydraulic loading test bench for automobile steering gear test. The test bench model considering inertial force is constructed and simulated. The Integral-Separated PID control algorithm is adopted to optimize control effect and the respond features of the input signals are analyzed. The simulation results show that the system works steadily, the accuracy of synchronization control is better and the tracking control achieves well.
Modeling and Simulation of Space Situation Awareness System Based on Parallel Control Theory
Authors: Chen Xue , Zhi Li
Published: March 2014

The basic components and complex property of SSA (space situational awareness) system is introduced. It is elaborated that the reason and method of researching SSA system based on parallel control theory. Specific idea and steps of modeling and simulation are proposed through ACP method of parallel control theory, and a simple simulated instance was used as a prototype of achieving artificial system of SSA.
Adaptive Bandwidth PLL Design Based on Fuzzy Logic Control
Authors: Zhang Lan Ying , Liu Hai Yang
Published: March 2014

Based on fuzzy logic control adaptive bandwidth PLL design is presented for the problem of tracking poor stability and low accuracy when a certain type of radar tracking dynamic spacecraft. This method is mainly through fuzzy logic controller, adaptive level is determined by control rule of input respectively, and the outputs of rules are weighted combined to control the coefficient of loop filter, thus adjusting automatically the loop bandwidth, and enhancing the tracking stability of radar equipment and improving ranging accuracy. The simulation results show that the fuzzy logic control adaptive bandwidth PLL has higher tracking stability and accuracy.
Regenerative Braking System for a Pure Electric Bus
Authors: Cai Jian Wei , Chu Liang , Fu Zi Cheng , Ren Li Peng
Published: March 2014

A design of regenerative braking system (RBS) for a pure electric bus was presented in this paper. A design of regenerative braking system for a pure electric bus was presented in this paper The control of regenerative braking was achieved by Pneumatic ABS and improve braking energy recovery under the premise of ensure braking performance. Regenerative braking control algorithm was mainly composed of two parts for the identification of the drivers intention and the brake force distribution. The regenerative brake control model was built in the matlab/simulink environment, rapid prototyping control was achieved by Autobox and vehicle test was carried on. Result shows that the control strategies can effectively make the pneumatic brake system and motor brake system work harmoniously.
Research on Electric Vehicle Road Identification Method Based on RBF Neural Network
Authors: Huang Zhi Yu , Li Jia
Published: March 2014

Accurately identifying road condition can send relevant information to the motor control system, so that control system of the motor can adjust the control strategy timely, eventually, the intelligent and optimal control of electric vehicles is realized. In this paper, according to these mathematical model, the permanent magnet synchronous motors simulation model and vehicles simulation model are proposed. Then, output torque of motor and speed of motor are served as the input of RBF neural network, which helps road condition to be identified. The simulation result shows that the road condition is well identified by proposed method based on RBF neural network.
Research on Control Strategies of Hydraulic ABS Wheel Cylinder Pressure Fine Regulation
Authors: Zheng Tai Xiong , Feng Guo Yu , Xiong Ting
Published: March 2014

In order to achieve fine regulation on wheel cylinder pressure of hydraulic ABS, the mathematical model of the solenoid valve and the wheel cylinder are built up through the analysis of the model of key components of hydraulic control unit solenoid valve and wheel cylinder.The relationship between the change rate of wheel cylinder pressure and the duty ratio of control signal is directly proportional. The frequency and effective duty ratio range of control signal of solenoid value is obtained through the simulation experiments. Oil pump is theoretically analyzed. The flow mathematical model of the oil pump is built up. The relationship between the speed of oil pump and the decompression rate of wheel cylinder is obtained. The wheel cylinder pressure fine regulation control strategy based on PID is presented. The control strategy is verified through simulation experiments. The Simulation results show that fine regulation of wheel cylinder pressure is achieved with the proposed control strategy, the vehicle braking effect is effectively improved and the vehicle braking stability is improved compared with the common logic threshold control strategy.
The Project of Expressway Intelligent Lighting System
Authors: Yang Yan , Song Jie , Tian Yuan
Published: March 2014

Because of the long mileage of expressway, considering the expensive operating cost, the lighting system is seldom installed in expressway; however, this will raise the traffic accident rate. To solve this problem, the paper introduces an energy-saving intelligent lighting system which can be used in the expressway, and the system can improve and enhance the drivers driving visibility at night or in the bad weather.
Design of a Human Lower Extremity Exoskeleton Prototype
Authors: Yao Zheng , Li Zhi Qiang
Published: March 2014

A human lower extremity exoskeleton prototype was designed and manufactured, the focus of which is on the hardware design. The object of this exoskeleton design is to help its pilot holding burden. The prototype contains three major modules, the mechanical skeleton, the hydraulic drive system and the control system. The approach and realization progress of each module was explained. Simulation about the hydraulic system was conducted and the result was satisfactory. Multiple actual experiments were applied to the prototype to prove the success of the design.
Effects of Tip Clearance Size on Flowfield in a Low-Speed Axial Compressor Rotor
Authors: Duan Zhen Zhen , Liu Yang Wei , Lu Li Peng
Published: March 2014

The simulations of a low-speed axial compressor rotor with two tip clearance sizes, 0.5% chord and 1.5% chord, were performed in the study. Overall performance and detailed flow fields at near stall condition are analyzed. The results show that the rotor stall occurs at higher mass flow condition with large tip clearance. For the small tip clearance the tip leakage vortex and the corner vortex both contribute significantly to the rotor stall, and the interaction between the vortices promotes the stall generation. While for the large tip clearance the tip leakage vortex plays a primary role, and the vortices interaction is ignorable.
Research on Spatial Statistical Data Compression Algorithm Based on Point Cloud Clustering
Authors: Pan Shao Ming , Li Hong , Tang Ge
Published: March 2014

The spatial information service system have the characteristics of a large amount of massive data and a large number of users, so the compression algorithm for statistical data will affects the system performance of spatial data services. A compression algorithm for spatial statistical data based on point cloud clustering is proposed in this paper to solve the above-mentioned problems. The access rule of the spatial data will be mapped into a point cloud. And the part of points will be deleted according to the clustering gradient of point cloud. Then the statistical data is compressed by run-length coding and spatial clustering extraction. The experimental results show that the algorithm have a high compression efficiency.
Rotation Index-Based Vortex Extraction and High Quality Texture Advection for Surface Flow Field
Authors: Wang Huai Hui , Li Si Kun
Published: March 2014

Vortex detection for surface flow field is a challenging issue in feature visualization. This paper presents a new vortex detection technique for surface flow field based on rotation index. Rotation index is the statistical quantity of vectors around a point, and indicates the rotation character of the sample region around the point. Then, an ELIC-based IBFVS method is applied to visualize the result flow field. A discussion of results is included to demonstrate our algorithm which leads to a more reasonable visualization results.
Comparative Analysis on Kernel Based Probability Density Estimation
Authors: Du Xiang Ran , Liu Hai Tao , Zhang Min
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we compare the estimation performances of 7 different kernels (i.e., Uniform, Triangular, Epanechnikov, Biweight, Triweight, Cosine and Gaussian) when using them to conduct the probability density estimation with Parzen window method. We firstly analyze the efficiencies of these 7 kernels and then compare their estimation errors measured by mean squared error (MSE). The theoretical analysis and the experimental comparisons show that the mostly-used Gaussian kernel is not the best choice for the probability density estimation, of which the efficiency is low and estimation error is high. The derived conclusions give some guidelines for the selection of kernel in the practical application of probability density estimation.
The Early Warning and Algorithm Implementation of Urban Road Submergence in Heavy Rains
Authors: Zhang Wen Sheng , Xie Qian , Zhu Ji Jun , Feng Ming Cong , Liu Bo Hang
Published: March 2014

The heavy rains often have big impact on urban traffic, it causes a lot of water cumulating at road depression, which affects normal thoroughfare for vehicles and even brings about road congestion. In this paper, seed spread algorithm to determine the catchment area is improved through analyzing the topographic feature of the underpass bridge and its surrounding small area of city typical low-lying areas, and it solves the inaccurate problem of catchment area of small area. According to forecast information of meteorological department, accumulated water region is quickly simulated and the water depth is dynamically displayed through the analysis of the process of road depression flooded by heavy rains and the calculation of water-collecting amount and depth, which can provide early warning information. Through the secondary development of 3D GIS software-skyline, the early flood warning analysis and dynamic simulation of the urban rainstorm is implemented, which can provide decision support for traffic warning and emergency response.
An Improved Ant Colony Algorithm Based on Path Optimization Strategy for TSP
Authors: Gong Ben Can , Jiang Ting Yao , Xu Shou Zhi , Chen Peng
Published: March 2014

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is not only a combinatorial optimization problem but also a classical NP-hard problem, which has high application value. Ant colony algorithm (ACA) is very effective for solving TSP problem, but basic ant colony algorithm has drawbacks of low convergence rate and easily trapping in local optimal solution. An improved ant colony algorithm was proposed. It used path optimization strategy to exchange the position of cities to find the better solution for TSP. Simulation results show the improved algorithm has better optimal solution and higher efficiency.
Application of Matrix and Algorithm Implementation in Source Entropy Calculation
Authors: Shao Jun Hua , Liu Yu Hong
Published: March 2014

The paper applies the matrix calculation in source entropy calculation and propose the algorithm implementation, which can decrease the calculation cost and increase the accuracy significantly significantly.
Bifurcation Research Two-Dimensional XYX Quantum Model Based on Fidelity
Authors: Li Sheng Hao , Wu Xiao Bing , Huang Chong Fu , Wang Hong Lei
Published: March 2014

For two-dimensional XYX quantum model, iPEPS algorithm can select randomly initial state evolution, and get two degenerate symmetric broken ground state wave functions. In the quantum model, not only bifurcation behavior of ground state fidelity can be used, but bifurcation behavior of reduced density matrix fidelity can also be used to determine the phase transition point and its type caused by spontaneous broken symmetry of quantum of the system. Therefore, spontaneous symmetry breaking based on fidelity bifurcation can determine quantum phase transition one quantum system had gone through. This nature provides a method to further study quantum critical phenomena in quantum multibody system
The Adjacent Vertex Distinguishing Incidence Coloring of Some Infinite Planar Graph
Authors: Wang Qian , Tian Shuang Liang
Published: March 2014

An adjacent vertex distinguishing incidence coloring of graph of G is an incidence coloring of G such that no pair of adjacent vertices meets the same set of colors. We obtain the adjacent vertex distinguishing incidence chromatic number of the Cartesian product of triangular lattice and infinite path, and hexagonal lattice and infinite path.
Simulation of Artificial Lighting Comfort of Cab for High-Speed Train
Authors: Wang Xue Liang , Cui An , Xu Wen Qiang , Zhang Qian
Published: March 2014

The artificial lighting level and visual comfort of drivers for a high-speed train cab are evaluated by using computer simulation technology. The simulation model is established first, and then some lighting quality indexes, such as illuminance, illuminance uniformity and glare, are analyzed based on related design standards. Considering the effects of environmental lighting on drivers physiology and psychology, the analysis on environmental psychology for driver of the cab are conducted also. The evaluation method proposed in the paper is significant for improving artificial lighting design of high-speed train cab.
Research on Subjective and Objective Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on AHP and Rough Set
Authors: Liang Zheng Li , Yang Xiao Wan , Yu Ke Yao
Published: March 2014

In the process of comprehensively evaluating multi-object and making decision, the evaluation method is an important factor that leads the evaluation results. In this paper, we discuss a subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation method based on AHP and rough set, by using which, the weight is determined and the comprehensive weight of the attribute is calculated. Then the data is analyzed by weighted method to obtain the overall ordering results. Finally, we analyze practical examples by the implemented program and verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Service Completion Event Processing on Computer Simulation for Discrete Event System
Authors: Hu Li Ping , Chen Xiao Ji , Zuo Lei
Published: March 2014

In order to reasonably organize production and to provide services, the use of computer simulation technology to research and analysis for a variety of discrete event system, the system can understand the dynamic operation rules to help people make decisions. This paper studies service completion event processing. First, research the queuing system based, according to the input process, queuing rules and service organizations, the establishment of a variety of models queuing system; then, research customer service time distribution, the mathematical model of exponential distribution and the use of a graphical representation of function curves; finally, research services completion event processing procedure through a flow chart describing the detailed design process, and the three main steps to achieve doing instructions. The research contents of this paper, to promote the application and development of computer simulation discipline is of great significance.
Two Phase Recommendation Algorithm Based on Clustering User Interest and Trust
Authors: Cui Xiang , Yin Gui Sheng
Published: March 2014

Recommender systems have been proven to be valuable means for Web online users to cope with the information overload and have become one of the most powerful and popular tools in electronic commerce. We need a method to solve such as what items to buy, what music to listen, or what news to read. The diversification of user interests and untruthfulness of rating data are the important problems of recommendation. In this article, we propose to use two phase recommendation based on user interest and trust ratings that have been given by actors to items. In the paper, we deal with the uncertain user interests by clustering firstly. In the algorithm, we compute the between-class entropy of any two clusters and get the stable classes. Secondly, we construct trust based social networks, and work out the trust scoring, in the class. At last, we provide some evaluation of the algorithms and propose the more improve ideas in the future.
The Application of VB Matlab and AutoCAD in IC Engine Optimization Design
Authors: Guo Xiao Ping , Zheng Wei , Wu Yi Chao
Published: March 2014

Estimating the advantages and disadvantages of Matlab/Simulink, Visual Basic (VB) and AutoCAD software, the model of the working process of internal combustion (IC) engine was built based on Matlab/Simulink, and the drawing programs for engine structure were written with the parametric design language AutoLISP. A user-friendly VB interface of inputting parameter was established, realizing VB coupled with AutoCAD and Matlab/Simulink software. Calling the AutoLISP drawing program nested in the AutoCAD and Matlab/Simulink software via VB, integration of the simulation and analysis of the engine and the CAD drawing of its body can be achieved. Its more efficient to analyze the performance and optimize the structure parameters of engines.
A Load Balancing Mechanism Using Bloom Filter in Storm System
Authors: Dong Huai Lin , He Ming Yuan , Wu Qing Feng , Wu Sheng Hang
Published: March 2014

When membership queries are evaluated in a set, the performance can be improved by a Bloom filter which is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure. According to its space-efficient character, Bloom Filter presented to address the load balancing problem for streaming media information in Storm system which is free and open source distributed real time computation system. This method increases the server cluster availability by balancing the workloads among the servers within a cluster. Additionally, it improves real time system Storm efficiently in saving the data transmission time and reducing the calculation complexity.
An Error Correcting Method of BCH Code Applicable to Memory
Authors: Zhang Yi Yun , Chen Hou Peng , Song Zhi Tang , Li Ge Zi
Published: March 2014

An error correcting method of BCH code applicable to memory is proposed. The reliability and yield of memories can be efficiently improved by error correcting codes. Due to the limited length of data transfer bits in certain interfaces, check bits are not fully used by most BCH codes. The proposed method takes advantage of the nature of BCH codes to make full use of the check bits, so that more errors can be corrected than the original method. The algorithm can be achieved by pure logic circuits in a parallel way with only gate delay, suitable for special timing applications. The improvement of certain BCH code is evaluated by C++ and the hardware implementation is presented by FPGA.
SDR-Based Precoding for Multi-User Multi-Stream MIMO Downlinks
Authors: Li Xin Min , Bai Bao Ming , Zhao Juan
Published: March 2014

The existing methods based on convex-optimization theory, which use the concept of SINR, can just design the optimal precoder for each user with single antenna. In this paper, we design the optimal precoding matrices for multi-user MIMO downlinks by solving the optimization problem that minimizes total transmit power subject to signal-leakage-plus-noise-ratio (SLNR) constraints. Because SLNR of each user is determined by its own precoding matrix and is independent of other users, the goal problem can be separated into a series of decoupled low-complexity quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs). Using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, these QCQPs can be reformulated into the semidefinite programs (SDP) and be solved effectively. Simulation results show that proposed precoding scheme is quite feasible when each user has two receive antennas, and it has better bit error rate (BER) performance than the original maximal-SLNR precoding scheme when SLNR of each user satisfies large threshold value.
A Lightweight Bootloader Based on MIPS Architecture for Mobile Devices: Research and Implementation
Authors: Dong Wei
Published: March 2014

A bootloader's main function is to initialize the hardware, pass an abstraction of the initialized hardware, a hardware description, to and execute the kernel. While most bootloaders concentrate on ARM or PowerPC architecture, in this paper we propose a lightweight bootloader based on MIPS architecture. The lightweight bootloader is mainly for mobile devices. First, we introduce the architecture of the bootloader and some special requirements for mobile devices are considered. Then, based on the architecture, we implement the bootloader in MIPS assembly language and C language. To validate our research, we test the bootloader in a real MIPS-based evaluation board. The results show that our bootloader works quite well. With MIPS technology's role becoming more and more important in mobile Internet, we hope that the bootloader developed in this paper will be utilized in the future.
Three Dimensional Simulation of the Heat Dissipation of an Automotive Radiator Based on Porous Media Method
Authors: Kang Ning , Mo Ni Ka , Zheng Wei Qi
Published: March 2014

12 kinds of automotive radiator cell models were simulated at different air inlet velocities using CFD software Fluent. The distributed drag coefficients of each cell model were obtained by least squares method. Then the whole radiator model whose fins region was replaced by the porous media was simulated. The numerical results were validated by experiments which indicate that the porous media method is reliable. The study shows that the radiator heat dissipation is significantly influenced by fin structure and the model with a fin space of 1.4mm and a louver angle of 23o has the best cooling effect.
Drop Fingerprint Recognition Method Based on Cluster Analysis and BP Neural Network
Authors: Song Qing , Du Dan Qing , Yang Lu , Meng Gao Jie , Mao Xue Fei
Published: March 2014

The eigenvalues of some liquid drop fingerprints are of high similarity, which decreases the recognition accuracy rates of BP neural network. In order to solve this problem, recognition method based on cluster analysis and BP neural network is proposed in this paper. Cluster analysis is used to classify liquid samples according to the similarity of eigenvalues and narrow the recognition range for samples under study. The experimental results have proved that this method is able to increase the recognition accuracy rate from 83.42% to 99.83%.
Research on Line Fuzzy Neural Network Learning Algorithm and its Application
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Qing Qing , He Chun  Peng
Published: March 2014

This paper transforms a common conjugate gradient algorithm, based on the fuzzy neural network for line. This thesis systematically studies the performances and learning algorithms of two FNN models, monolithic FNN and polygonal FNN, based on the past progress of FNN theory and application. The major issues in the thesis are the perturbation of monolithic FNN, the learning algorithms and universal approximation of polygonal FNN and the achievements obtained here are applied to fuzzy control area.