bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dual conjecture of Muckenhoupt and Wheeden
Authors: Osękowski Adam
Published: December 2020

Let

T

be a Calderón–Zygmund operator on

\mathbb{R}^d

. We prove the existence of a constant

C_{T,d} < \infty

such that for any weight

w

on

\mathbb{R}^d

satisfying Muckenhoupt's condition

A_1

, we have

w\big(\{x\in \mathbb R^d:|Tf(x)| > w(x)\}\big) \leq C_{T,d}[w]_{A_1}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}f \,\text{d}x.

The linear dependence on

[w]_{A_1}

, the

A_1

characteristic of

w

, is optimal. The proof exploits the associated dimension-free inequalities for dyadic shifts.
COVID-19 and Tuberculosis-Related Catastrophic Costs
Authors: Fuady Ahmad , Houweling Tanja A. J. , Richardus Jan Hendrik
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented health crisis and a substantial socioeconomic impact. It also affects tuberculosis (TB) control severely worldwide. Interruptions of many TB control programs because of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in significant setbacks. One of the targets that can be affected is the WHO’s End TB Strategy goal to eliminate catastrophic costs of TB-affected households by 2030. Disruptions to TB programs and healthcare services due to COVID-19 could potentially prolong diagnostic delays and worsen TB treatment adherence and outcomes. The economic recession caused by the pandemic could significantly impact household financial capacity because of the reduction of income and the rise in unemployment rates. All of these factors increase the risk of TB incidence and the gravity of economic impact on TB-affected households, and hamper efforts to eliminate catastrophic costs and control TB. Therefore, efforts to eliminate the incidence of TB-affected households facing catastrophic costs will be very challenging. Because financial constraint plays a significant role in TB control, the improvement of health and social protection systems is critical. Even before the pandemic, many TB–high-burden countries (HBCs) lacked robust health and social protection systems. These challenges highlight the substantial need for a more robust engagement of patients and civil society organizations and international support in addressing the consequences of COVID-19 on the control of TB.
Polio Amidst COVID-19 in Pakistan: What are the Efforts Being Made and Challenges at Hand?
Authors: Ahmad Shoaib , Babar Maryam Salma , Ahmadi Attaullah , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Khawaja Uzzam Ahmed , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: December 2020

Poliomyelitis, a crippling viral disease, has been affecting many children in Pakistan despite the numerous efforts that have been taken to curb its spread. The COVID-19 pandemic has halted mass polio vaccination campaigns globally, including Pakistan, resulting in a resurgence of new cases. Pakistan managed to flatten the COVID-19 curve from July to October that made three immunization drives possible, but the COVID-19 cases are on the rise again which can again complicate the polio situation in the country if left unmonitored. The efforts of Pakistan have been effective with no significant rise in polio cases in 2020 as compared with 2019. We discuss the numerous challenges faced by the polio eradication program in Pakistan. To help eliminate polio, Pakistan needs to enhance its efforts in the struggle against polio with the same zeal and stringency used to flatten the curve of COVID-19 in these challenging times.
Global Processes, Regional Dynamics?
Authors: Martínez-Grau Héctor , Jagher Reto , Oms F. Xavier , Barceló Joan Anton , Pardo-Gordó Salvador , Antolín Ferran
Published: December 2020

The goal of this paper is to discuss the validity of radiocarbon dates as a source of knowledge for explaining social dynamics over a large region and a long period of time. We have carefully selected c. 1000 14C dates for the time interval 8000–4000 cal BC within the northwestern Mediterranean area (NE Iberian Peninsula, SE France, N Italy) and Switzerland. Using statistical analysis, we have modelled the summed probability distribution of those dates for each of the analysed ecoregion and discussed the rhythms of neolithisation in these regions and the probability of social contact between previous Mesolithic and new Neolithic populations.
Between the Hearth and the Store
Authors: Padilla Fernández Juan Jesús , Alarcón García Eva , García García Alejandra , Arboledas Martínez Luis , Moreno Onorato Auxilio , Contreras Cortés Francisco , Chapon Linda
Published: December 2020

Research into the Bronze Age on the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula has always occupied a pre-eminent position in the archaeological discipline. Although we can state that there is a certain degree of scientific unity regarding the main cultural features of that period, few studies have focused on the social and technological process involved in the manufacture of pottery vessels. This paper aims to remedy that situation. To do this, we provide the results obtained from the technical analysis of the pottery vessels used in two activities essential to human survival – food storage and processing – in the Bronze Age settlement of Peñalosa (2086–1450 cal BC). At the same time, the macroscopic identification of the technological patterns developed in the tasks of manufacturing earthenware jars and pots allows us to reflect on the significance of the concept of specialization in the Argar Culture.
The Argaric Pottery from Burial at Peñalosa (Jaén, Spain)
Authors: Vico Triguero Laura , Gámiz Caro Jesús , Martín Peinado Francisco , García García Alejandra , Alarcón García Eva , Contreras Cortés Francisco , Moreno Onorato María Auxiliadora
Published: December 2020

The interpretation of the manufacture and function of Argaric burial potteries has not been subject to a global and systematic study. As such, this paper has reconstructed the sequence of ceramic production of burial potteries of Peñalosa using analytical techniques (stereomicroscopy, X-ray diffraction and optical petrography). Ceramic ware technological features, as well as other indicators of use and repair, indicate that the pottery was used prior to the burial either in domestic contexts or during funerary rituals. This finding contrasts with data obtained at other Argaric sites, where technological and formal features point to pottery production specifically intended for burials.
Approaching the Unification and Diversity of Pottery Assemblages
Authors: Diachenko Aleksandr , Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona , Ryzhov Sergej
Published: December 2020

This paper questions the cycling nature of the unification and diversity of pottery forms through a case study of ceramics of the Western Tripolye culture in the Southern Bug and Dnieper interfluve in modern Ukraine. We identified the cultural cycle representing the transition from more unified ceramic assemblages to more diverse ones, and then back to more unified assemblages. This cultural cycle is disturbed by the increase in the diversity of pottery sets at three of ten subsequent time periods we have analysed. The obtained results are discussed in frames of deterministic explanations and the dynamic behaviour of complex systems.
The Beginning of the Neolithic in Southeast Anatolia
Authors: Karul Necmi
Published: December 2020

New research in southeastern Anatolia at Early Neolithic sites has brought a fresh perspective on the emergence of the Neolithic way of life in southwest Asia. In addition to providing more details on the transition to settled life, food production, and technological innovations, this more recent work has increased our understanding of both the time span and geography of the last hunter-gatherers and the earliest farmers in the wider region. Now the picture of the beginning of the Neolithic is more complex and fragmented. This complexity necessitates a multifaceted approach to the questions of the emergence of the Neolithic. In this regard, the data coming from Pre-Pottery Neolithic A sites in southeastern Anatolia, particularly in the Upper Tigris Basin, is remarkable. In this paper the transitional stage to the Neolithic in the region and new data from Gusir Höyük is discussed according to the architectural data.
The oldest pottery of the Para-Neolithic Zedmar culture at the site Szczepanki, Masuria, NE-Poland
Authors: Gumiński Witold
Published: December 2020

The article presents the earliest ceramics of the site Szczepanki, north-eastern Poland, belonging to the Para-Neolithic Zedmar culture, which existed in the south-east Baltic region. The presented pottery come from the Late Atlantic layers, dated 5600–5100 conv BP. The pottery is discussed regarding the technology, morphological details, vessel forms and ornamentation. Each of the elements shows multidirectional influences or similarities with the Western and the Eastern Para-Neolithic, as well as the Danubian cultures and the TRB. However, a specific characteristic of the early Zedmar pottery relies on mixing features of various origins or traditions, creating a new and peculiar technology and style.
On multi-sector and multi-technique models, production functions and Goodwin cycles: a reply to Libman
Authors: Blecker Robert A. , Setterfield Mark
Published: December 2020

Emiliano Libman's constructive comments on our recent book, Heterodox Macroeconomics: Models of Demand, Distribution and Growth (HM), raise three main points of contention: the suitability of single-sector/single-technique (as opposed to multi-sector/multi-technique) models; the appropriate choice of production function; and the distinction between limit cycles and closed orbits as representations of Goodwinian dynamics. In this reply, we respond to Libman's critique in a manner that is designed to develop his arguments into a useful addendum to our book. In so doing, we hope that this exchange will engage interested students and other readers in issues and avenues of inquiry that lie beyond some of the first-pass simplifications in HM.
Reducing Patient Falls by Realigning Nursing Hours per Patient Days
Authors:   , Vargas Hermes
Published: December 2020

Patient falls are the “second leading cause of unintentional injury death” (World Health Organization [WHO] (2018), para. 3) and increase healthcare costs by an estimated $13,806 per fall (Walsh et al., 2018). These fall-related costs translate to a potential savings of approximately $400,374 to the selected organization since the unit chosen for the practice change project experienced 29 falls in the fiscal year 2019 (C. Hernandez, personal communication, September 23, 2019). The PICOT question that guided this project was: In a medical/surgical inpatient population in acute care (P) how does realigning the Nursing Hours per Patient Days (NHPPD) (I) compared to the patient population in medical/surgical units without an adjusted NHPPD (C) affect the fall rate (O) within 60 days (T)? The literature search returned ten studies that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria, promoting NHPPD to prevent patient falls in inpatient, acute care, medical/surgical hospital settings. The evidence-based intervention was a realignment of the approved and budgeted 9.4 NHPPD. The realignment was completed to increase the direct care nursing hours to meet the patient care demands during the 4-hour intervals with the highest reported falls (Taylor et al., 2015). The rate of falls observed between 1600-2000, the period evaluated, was 0 since no falls were reported during this project’s duration. However, even though the t-test calculation returned a p-value ≤ 0.05, the statistical significance was rejected since the correlation coefficient calculation between NHPPD and falls showed a weak relationship. Since there were no falls reported during the period evaluated, the clinical significance was established and correlated with the literature review evidence.
Analisis Stabilitas dan Tingkat Kelelehan Hotmix Recycled Asphalt
Authors: Oktopianto Yogi , Rizky Matthew , Tiffany Adinda
Published: December 2020

Penanganan kerusakan jalan pada program pemelihara dan rehabilitasi dengan menggunakan metode green roads merupakan solusi untuk permasalahan sumber daya alam. Metode ini menggunakan cara recycling dari pembongkaran lapis perkerasan lama untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan campuran lapis perkerasan yang baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan mekanik campuran beton aspal panas sebagai hasil daur ulang dari perkerasan lama dan untuk menentukan kadar aspal optimum pada campuran beton aspal panas hasil daur ulang dari perkerasan lama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan melakukan pengujian laboratorium terhadap benda uji. Variasi kadar aspal yang digunakan 5%; 5,5%; 6%; 6,5%; dan 7%. Stabilitas maksimal didapatkan 1747,90 kg dari variasi kadar aspal 6%. Hasil penelitian kinerja campuran beton aspal daur ulang (RAP) dan campuran standar menunjukkan bahwa Kepadatan, persentase rongga terhadap agregat (VMA), stabilitas, kelelehan, marshall quotient persentase, rongga terhadap campuran (VIM) dan Persentase rongga terisi aspal (VFB)  memenuhi spesifikasi Bina Marga 2010, dengan Kadar Aspal Optimum yang didapatkan dari uji Marshall RAP dan campuran standar sebesar 5,9%.
The design of scalar AES Instruction Set Extensions for RISC-V
Authors: Marshall Ben , Newell G. Richard , Page Dan , Saarinen Markku-Juhani O. , Wolf Claire
Published: December 2020

Secure, efficient execution of AES is an essential requirement on most computing platforms. Dedicated Instruction Set Extensions (ISEs) are often included for this purpose. RISC-V is a (relatively) new ISA that lacks such a standardized ISE. We survey the state-of-the-art industrial and academic ISEs for AES, implement and evaluate five different ISEs, one of which is novel. We recommend separate ISEs for 32 and 64-bit base architectures, with measured performance improvements for an AES-128 block encryption of 4x and 10x with a hardware cost of 1.1K and 8.2K gates respectively, when compared to a software-only implementation based on use of T-tables. We also explore how the proposed standard bit-manipulation extension to RISC-V can be harnessed for efficient implementation of AES-GCM. Our work supports the ongoing RISC-V cryptography extension standardisation process.
Ranking Loss: Maximizing the Success Rate in Deep Learning Side-Channel Analysis
Authors: Zaid Gabriel , Bossuet Lilian , Dassance François , Habrard Amaury , Venelli Alexandre
Published: December 2020

The side-channel community recently investigated a new approach, based on deep learning, to significantly improve profiled attacks against embedded systems. Compared to template attacks, deep learning techniques can deal with protected implementations, such as masking or desynchronization, without substantial preprocessing. However, important issues are still open. One challenging problem is to adapt the methods classically used in the machine learning field (e.g. loss function, performance metrics) to the specific side-channel context in order to obtain optimal results. We propose a new loss function derived from the learning to rank approach that helps preventing approximation and estimation errors, induced by the classical cross-entropy loss. We theoretically demonstrate that this new function, called Ranking Loss (RkL), maximizes the success rate by minimizing the ranking error of the secret key in comparison with all other hypotheses. The resulting model converges towards the optimal distinguisher when considering the mutual information between the secret and the leakage. Consequently, the approximation error is prevented. Furthermore, the estimation error, induced by the cross-entropy, is reduced by up to 23%. When the ranking loss is used, the convergence towards the best solution is up to 23% faster than a model using the cross-entropy loss function. We validate our theoretical propositions on public datasets.
Side-Channel Analysis of the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ Encryption Engine
Authors: Hettwer Benjamin , Leger Sebastien , Fennes Daniel , Gehrer Stefan , Güneysu Tim
Published: December 2020

The Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ (ZU+) is a powerful and flexible System-on- Chip (SoC) computing platform for next generation applications such as autonomous driving or industrial Internet-of-Things (IoT) based on 16 nm production technology. The devices are equipped with a secure boot mechanism in order to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the configuration files that are loaded during power-up. This includes a dedicated encryption engine which features a protocol-based countermeasure against passive Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs) called key rolling. The mechanism ensures that the same key is used only for a certain number of data blocks that has to be defined by the user. However, a suitable choice for the key rolling parameter depends on the power leakage behavior of the chip and is not published by the manufacturer. To close this gap, this paper presents the first publicly known side-channel analysis of the ZU+ encryption unit. We conduct a black-box reverse engineering of the internal hardware architecture of the encryption engine using Electromagnetic (EM) measurements from a decoupling capacitor of the power supply. Then, we illustrate a sophisticated methodology that involves the first five rounds of an AES encryption to attack the 256-bit secret key. We apply the elaborated attack strategy using several new Deep Learning (DL)-based evaluation methods for cryptographic implementations. Even though we are unable to recover all bytes of the secret key, the experimental results still allow us to provide concrete recommendations for the key rolling parameter under realistic conditions. This eventually helps to configure the secure boot mechanism of the ZU+ and similar devices appropriately.
Re-Consolidating First-Order Masking Schemes
Authors: Rezaei Shahmirzadi Aein , Moradi Amir
Published: December 2020

Application of masking, known as the most robust and reliable countermeasure to side-channel analysis attacks, on various cryptographic algorithms has dedicated a lion’s share of research to itself. The difficulty originates from the fact that the overhead of application of such an algorithmic-level countermeasure might not be affordable. This includes the area- and latency overheads and the amount of fresh randomness required to fulfill the resulting design’s security properties. There are already techniques applicable in hardware platforms that consider glitches into account. Among them, classical threshold implementations force the designers to use at least three shares in the underlying masking. The other schemes, which can deal with two shares, often necessitates the use of fresh randomness.Here, in this work, we present a technique allowing us to use two shares to realize the first-order glitch-extended probing secure masked realization of several functions, including the S-box of Midori, PRESENT, PRINCE, and AES ciphers without any fresh randomness.
Fixslicing AES-like Ciphers
Authors: Adomnicai Alexandre , Peyrin Thomas
Published: December 2020

The fixslicing implementation strategy was originally introduced as a new representation for the hardware-oriented GIFT block cipher to achieve very efficient software constant-time implementations. In this article, we show that the fundamental idea underlying the fixslicing technique is not of interest only for GIFT, but can be applied to other ciphers as well. Especially, we study the benefits of fixslicing in the case of AES and show that it allows to reduce by 52% the amount of operations required by the linear layer when compared to the current fastest bitsliced implementation on 32-bit platforms. Overall, we report that fixsliced AES-128 allows to reach 80 and 91 cycles per byte on ARM Cortex-M and E31 RISC-V processors respectively (assuming pre-computed round keys), improving the previous records on those platforms by 21% and 26%. In order to highlight that our work also directly improves masked implementations that rely on bitslicing, we report implementation results when integrating first-order masking that outperform by 12% the fastest results reported in the literature on ARM Cortex-M4. Finally, we demonstrate the genericity of the fixslicing technique for AES-like designs by applying it to the Skinny-128 tweakable block ciphers.
Concrete quantum cryptanalysis of binary elliptic curves
Authors: Banegas Gustavo , Bernstein Daniel J. , Van Hoof Iggy , Lange Tanja
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes and optimizes quantum circuits for computing discrete logarithms on binary elliptic curves, including reversible circuits for fixed-base-point scalar multiplication and the full stack of relevant subroutines. The main optimization target is the size of the quantum computer, i.e., the number of logical qubits required, as this appears to be the main obstacle to implementing Shor’s polynomial-time discrete-logarithm algorithm. The secondary optimization target is the number of logical Toffoli gates. For an elliptic curve over a field of 2n elements, this paper reduces the number of qubits to 7n + ⌊log2(n)⌋ + 9. At the same time this paper reduces the number of Toffoli gates to 48n3 + 8nlog2(3)+1 + 352n2 log2(n) + 512n2 + O(nlog2(3)) with double-and-add scalar multiplication, and a logarithmic factor smaller with fixed-window scalar multiplication. The number of CNOT gates is also O(n3). Exact gate counts are given for various sizes of elliptic curves currently used for cryptography.
How Did Prospective Elementary School Teacher Learn Citizenship Education during the Pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia?
Authors: Hidayah Yayuk , Halimah Lili , Trihastuti Meiwatizal , Dewie Dinie Anggraeni , Feriandi Yoga Ardian , Dianasari Dianasari
Published: December 2020

Number of problems as cause of Covid-19 pandemic have continued to appear in various sectors as it rapidly spreads. In education sector, students are no longer able to study freely in classroom and even go to school to study. In this case, changing the way of learning is a form of consistency to educate them in various situations and conditions, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated how the response of students through prospective elementary school teachers in Indonesia to learn Citizenship Education which was implemented remotely at home with an online learning scheme during the Covid-19 Pandemic. We used qualitative and quantitative research method in this study. To collect data, we used questionnaires distributed to 508 students in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Bandung City, Cirebon City West Java Province by using Google Form. In addition, we also conducted some interviews with a number of students by using an online application to obtain valid data. Based on the research, there were good and bad student learning attitudes in the Citizenship Education course. A good student learning attitude was shown by enthusiasm in the learning-based video, while the bad attitude of students is shown by the lack of effectiveness in understanding the concept of Citizenship Education.
Emergency remote teaching of English as a foreign language during COVID-19: Perspectives from a university in China
Authors: Huang Min , Shi Yahui , Yang Xiaoqiong
Published: December 2020

Given the circumstances of the global pandemic, universities around China and across the globe have suspended face to face (F2F) classes and transitioned to emergency remote teaching (ERT). University students in China have been the first to go through the whole semester’s ERT including College English, a compulsory language course for almost all the first- and second-year students of non-English majors. This article adopted a mixed-methods design, a survey followed by a qualitative visual method, gathered data on students’ experience about ERT of College English and presented an investigation into detailed interactive process of the classes. The data analysis on the learners’ engagement and the feedback from the learners provided a summary of the key threads of ERT classes. This study demonstrated that students held an extrinsic goal orientation, which did not differ from their face-to-face learning experience. ERT granted students more opportunities for interaction with their instructor and peers, while collaboration among students were limited. The research results can be connected to the larger fabric of global language teaching in crisis context, provide empirical lessons to educators, and help instructors with their future decision-making about technology-supported activities.
Flipped classroom en tiempos de COVID-19: una perspectiva transversal
Authors: Cuevas Monzonís Nuria , Gabarda Méndez Vicente , Cívico Ariza Andrea , Colomo Magaña Ernesto
Published: December 2020

La COVID-19 ha generado una serie de cambios en las diferentes esferas de nuestras vidas. Estos cambios han sido especialmente visibles en el ámbito educativo, donde ha sido necesario repensar los procesos formativos de forma urgente en términos de no presencialidad. En base a esta situación, el presente trabajo presenta una experiencia de Flipped learning llevada a cabo con los estudiantes del primer curso del Grado en Pedagogía de la Universitat de València. Asimismo, se propone un análisis sobre la concepción previa de los estudiantes sobre esta metodología y su percepción tras finalizar su implementación, ofreciendo una visión trasversal. Para ello, se ha recogido la información de los 107 participantes a través de un instrumento validado para analizar la utilidad de recursos y metodologías en base a tres dimensiones: comunicativa, instrumental y pedagógica. Los resultados apuntan a que la percepción de utilidad por parte de los estudiantes es mayor en el post-test que en el pre-test en las tres dimensiones. Asimismo, destaca que, mientras que en el pre-test la mayor puntuación se asociaba a la dimensión instrumental, en el post-test la mayor utilidad se vincula a la dimensión pedagógica, materializando la importancia de la experiencia de los participantes y el impacto del flipped classroom en su aprendizaje.
Integración de los enfoques de arquitectura empresarial y multicriterio para evaluar el grado de madurez en una organización
Authors: Martínez Delgado Edith , Garza Ríos Rosario , López Acevedo Juan Manuel , Santos Fernández Susana
Published: December 2020

La necesidad de alinear las estrategias de la organización con las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones ha sido impuesta por el desarrollo alcanzado por las mismas, siendo la Arquitectura Empresarial (AE) uno de los enfoques que posibilita realizar dicha alienación. Para implementar un proyecto de AE, se necesita partir de un diagnóstico que determine el estado actual de la organización para desarrollar, mantener y aplicar este enfoque, a través de un proceso continuo. Para ello se puede utilizar un modelo de madurez, que da la pauta para desarrollar estrategias de mejoras y alcanzar los objetivos previstos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar una tecnología que permita evaluar el grado de madurez de una organización. La propuesta parte de la aplicación de una lista de chequeo que recoge los aspectos fundamentales de las capas que conforman la Arquitectura Empresarial. Las preferencias de los cuadros y trabajadores involucrados son consideradas utilizando un enfoque Multicriterio, en particular, una función Scoring. Como resultado, se obtienen los niveles de madurez de las organizaciones consideradas y las aplicaciones permitieron detectar que las capas de mayores insuficiencias son las de negocio e información.
Toma de Decisiones Estratégicas en Entornos Inciertos
Authors: Blanco-Mesa Fabio , León-Castro Ernesto , Acosta-Sandoval Alejandra
Published: December 2020

El proceso de toma de decisiones tiene una incidencia relevante en los resultados de las empresas, lo que ha llevado a desarrollar novedosos métodos que permitan evaluar bajo condiciones no controlables elementos subjetivos y racionales. En ese sentido, el objetivo principal de este trabajo estudia los operadores de agregación en la toma de decisiones en entornos inciertos. Se presentan dos metodologías que permiten agregar información, que se llaman operadores OWA y BON-OWA. La aplicación de estos operadores se realiza en la selección de lanzamiento de nuevos productos. La principal ventaja de estos operadores es que permiten capturar la actitud del decisor y la comparación e interrelación continua de la información. Así, se destaca el análisis holístico que ofrecen estos métodos sobre la toma de decisiones en incertidumbre, que permite integrar conceptos de la teoría administrativa y la teoría de la agregación en un caso aplicado, visualizando como la inclusión de la información genera cambios dentro de los rankings de selección de alternativas.
Diferenciales de bonos soberanos y primas de CDS en la zona euro: un análisis de causalidad
Authors: Téllez Valle Cecilia , Martín García Margarita , Ramón Jerónimo María Ángeles , Martín Marín José Luis
Published: December 2020

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la posible relación existente entre los diferenciales de los bonos soberanos y las primas de las permutas financieras de riesgo de impago (CDS, Credit Default Swap), con el objeto de determinar si son herramientas útiles para la medida del riesgo soberano de forma separada o teniendo en cuenta ambas variables. Se toman datos de 10 países de la Eurozona para el periodo 2008-2016. Aplicando el test de causalidad de Granger para esas variables, después de utilizar seis formas distintas de comparación de diferenciales, se concluye que la prima del CDS causa el diferencial de riesgo de crédito en suficientes ocasiones, aunque predomina una relación bidireccional. Así que el mercado de CDS contiene información clara y útil para la evolución del riesgo soberano.
Existence of Renormalized Solutions for Some Anisotropic Quasilinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: AHMEDATT T. , AHMED A. , HJIAJ H. , TOUZANI A.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider a class of anisotropic quasilinear elliptic equations of the type
(
| ∑N
{ − ∂ia (x, u, ∇u ) + |u|s(x )− 1u = f (x,u ), in Ω,
i
|( i=1
u = 0 on ∂ Ω,
where f(x,s) is a Carathéodory function which satisﬁes some growth condition. We prove the existence of renormalized solutions for our Dirichlet problem, and some regularity results are concluded.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ МОНИТОРИНГА ОКИСНОГО И ЗАКИСНОГО ЖЕЛЕЗА В ПОЧВАХ ХОЛМИСТО-МОРЕННЫХ РАВНИН
Authors: Анциферова Ольга Алексеевна , Левицкий Арсений Дмитриевич
Published: December 2020

Исследования реализованы в типичном пахотном агроландшафте Самбийской равнины (Калининградская область). Проведены четыре тура мониторинга (ноябрь 2017 г, апрель, июнь, октябрь 2018 г.) в сезоны с различной степенью увлажнения почв. Изучена динамика подвижного железа в гумусовом горизонте (0 – 20 см) в трех группах почв: буроземах на вершинах холмов, буроземах глееватых на склонах, дерново-глеевых почвах в понижениях. Почвы осушаются системой гончарного дренажа. Содержание окисного (Fe2O3) и закисного (FeO) железа определяли в вытяжке 0,1н Н2SO4 спектрофотометрическим методом с ис-пользованием индикатора α-α-дипиридила. Установлены границы содержания разных форм подвижного железа в группах почв разной степени гидроморфизма. В буроземах на вершинах и склонах Fe2O3 преобладает над FeO во все сезоны (осень, весна, лето). В дерново-глеевых почвах в ноябре 2017 и в апреле 2018 г. в большинстве ареалов наблюдалась обратная закономерность и развивалось оглее-ние. Обнаружено сильное пространственное варьирование количества подвижного железа в понижениях в связи с локальными различиями увлажнения, гранулометрического состава и содержания гумуса. Значимая корреляция полевой влажности и подвижного железа выявлена только для дерново-глеевых почв. Из всех изученных почв дерново-глеевые отличались наиболее высоким содержанием FeO (осенью 2017 и весной 2018 г.) и суммы Fe2O3+FeO. Это является отражением особенностей их геохимического положения в ландшафте и водного режима. Озимый рапс погибает осенью и весной при содержании закисного железа около 40 мг на 100 г почвы, а летом более 15-20. Показатель Fe2O3/FeO необходимо использовать в агроэкологическом мониторинге и экспертизе мелиоративного состояния осушенных почв, моделировании и прогнозировании подвижного железа (вытяжка 0,1н H2SO4) в агроландшафтах при различных климатических сценариях.
К ТЕОРИИ ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО ПОДОБИЯ ПРОМЫСЛОВЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ
Authors: Недоступ Александр Алексеевич , Ражев Алексей Олегович
Published: December 2020

Основной задачей электродинамического подобия промысловых механизмов является определение силовых параметров элементов их конструкции, имеющих различные технические характеристики, что существенно усложняет теоретический анализ при проектировании. Важная составляющая электродинамического подобия состоит в сохранении у модели, выполненной в отличных от натуры размерах, физической природы явлений оригинала. В электродинамических задачах требуется обеспечить совпадение механических, электрических и электромагнитных процессов – определить силовые параметры взаимодействующих объектов между собой и средой в безразмерном виде для того, чтобы величины этих параметров были независимы от размеров и скорости движения объекта, плотности, вязкости среды и других величин. При динамическом подобии в дополнение к масштабам физических характеристик гидродинамических, грунтодинамических и трибологических процессов ры-боловства в ходе проектировании промысловых механизмов необходимо ввести масштабы характеристик, учитывающих электродинамические процессы. В статье авторами предлагаются дополнительные масштабы подобия для электродинамических характеристик, приводятся методы их вычисления и графики зависимостей от геометрического масштаба Cl. Полное подобие двух объектов исследования возможно лишь при бесконечном количестве критериев подобия, что достигается только в теории.
К ТЕОРИИ ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО ПОДОБИЯ УСТАНОВОК ЗАМКНУТОГО ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ГИДРОБИОНТОВ
Authors: Недоступ Александр Алексеевич , Ражев Алексей Олегович , Хрусталев Евгений Иванович , Бедарева Ольга Михайловна
Published: December 2020

Использование установок замкнутого водоснабжения (УЗВ) требует со-блюсти в них условия выращивания, приближенные к обстановке в естественном ареале обитания гидробионтов, в том числе и температурный режим. Применение для расчета поля температуры имитационного и физического моделирования позволит оптимизировать технологические процессы, увеличить продуктивность бассейнов УЗВ, повысить производительность и сократить рас-ходы. Основной задачей термодинамического подобия установок замкнутого водоснабжения является определение силовых и объемных параметров элементов их конструкции, имеющих различные технические характеристики, что существенно усложняет теоретический анализ при проектировании УЗВ. Важная составляющая термодинамического подобия заключается в сохранении у модели, выполненной в отличных от натуры размерах, физической природы явлений оригинала. В термодинамических задачах требуется обеспечить совпадение механических и тепловых процессов. Следует привести такие зависимые от размерных признаков объекта термодинамические величины, как температура, теплота, теплоемкость, теплопроводность, температуропроводность, плотность теплового потока и другие, к их независимому безразмерному виду. При проектировании УЗВ масштабов физических характеристик гидродинамических процессов, протекающих в УЗВ при динамическом подобии, недостаточно, так как они не учитывают термодинамические процессы, протекающие в УЗВ. В статье авторами предлагаются дополнительные масштабы подобия для термодинамических характеристик, приводятся методы их вычисления и графики зависимостей от геометрического масштаба Cl. Однако необходимо понимать, что достижение полного подобия принципиально невозможно, сколь бы ни был велик перечень критериев подобия. Зная масштаб Cl, возможно определить масштабный эффект.
ОЦЕНКА ЖИЗНЕСПОСОБНОСТИ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОЗИМЫХ КУЛЬТУР КОНДУКТОМЕТРИЧЕСКИМ МЕТОДОМ
Authors: Новикова Светлана Ивановна , Бедарева Ольга Михайловна , Горшинина Галина Владимировна , Троян Татьяна Николаевна
Published: December 2020

Проанализирована возможность использования кондуктометрического метода для оценки зимостойкости озимых культур (озимая пшеница, озимый рапс). Величина относительной электропроводности показывает степень повреждения клеток и может служить критерием определения состояния и жизнеспособности озимых. Она определяется в любую фазу развития как соотношение величины выхода электролита до кипячения к его выходу после кипячения и выражается в процентах. Высокая удельная электропроводность является свидетельством отмирания тканей растений, электролиты покидают отмершие клетки. Показана зависимость величины выхода электролитов из высечек узлов кущения озимой пшеницы, озимого рапса и корневых шеек озимого рапса с целью прогнозирования их перезимовки. Судить о сохранности озимой пшеницы можно по фактически накопленному в растениях количеству сахаров и данным расчета возможного уровня переносимых ею отрицательных температур, исходя из того, что накопление в растениях 1,0% сахаров (на абсолютно сухое вещество) позволяет выдержать 1ºС заморозков. Согласно многолетним исследованиям ЦАС «Калининградский», наличие снежного покрова более 10 см без переувлажнения почвы, отсутствие чередования оттепелей и заморозков при содержании сахаров в узлах кущения 20-25%, в листьях 17-18% определяют благополучную перезимовку озимой пшеницы. По результатам обследования 67% от изученных образцов озимой пшеницы характеризовались высоким содержанием сахаров в узлах кущения и могли выдержать температуру воздуха минус 31ºС, а 33% растений – минус 20º С. Сев озимого рапса проходит в условиях повышенного температурного режима и недостатка влаги. Озимая пшеница в отдельные периоды развития также испытывала недостаток влаги (сентябрь, октябрь, май, июнь, июль).
РАЗРАБОТКА РЕЦЕПТУРЫ ПОЛУФАБРИКАТА ИЗ МЯСА ПТИЦЫ,
ОБОГАЩЕННОГО РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫМИ КОМПОНЕНТАМИ
Authors: Альшевская Марина Николаевна , Анистратова Оксана Вячеславовна , Свириденко Ирина Игоревна
Published: December 2020

Целью работы являлась разработка рецептуры полуфабриката из мяса птицы, а также обоснование параметров технологического процесса его производства. Обоснована необходимость расширения ассортимента полуфабрикатов из мяса птицы. Проведен маркетинговый анализ предпочтений потребителей Калининграда и области. Обоснован выбор овощных компонентов соуса для инъектирования полуфабриката из мяса птицы. Исходя из процента потерь массы готового продукта определены ингредиенты масляно-овощного соуса. Выявлена необ-ходимость добавления в его рецептуру структурообразователя. Разработана рецептура, которая улучшит органолептические и физико-химические свойства полуфабриката из мяса птицы. Исследовано влияние соли и температуры на реологические свойства масляно-овощного соуса, установлена оптимальная температура для инъектирования филе цыпленка-бройлера при производстве полуфабрикатов из мяса птицы, обоснована температура, которая сохранит все функционально-технологические свойства масляно-овощного соуса с добавлением ксантано-вой камеди, но не повлияет на его микробиологические показатели. На основании проведенных исследований разработана технологическая схема производства. Установлен срок хранения куриного полуфабриката, обогащенного растительными компонентами, который составит 60 сут. Новая рецептура полуфабриката не только удовлетворяет вкусовым предпочтениям потребителей, но и является блюдом с высокой пищевой ценностью.
Effectiveness of Online Learning Implementation in Topic Dynamic Electricity during the Covid-19 Pandemic at Junior High School
Authors:   FKIP Universitas Islam Lamongan, Jl. Veteran 53A Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia 3IAIN Jember, Jl. Mataram no. 1, Jember, East Java, Indonesia, Habibbulloh Muhammad
Published: December 2020

his study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of online learning on dynamic electricity topics carried out in junior high schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. Effectiveness is seen from the completeness of learning outcomes, obstacles faced during learning, and student responses to online learning. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive with one group pre-test post-test design. The sample used in this study were 64 junior high school students in one of the state junior high schools in Lamongan Regency, East Java. The results of the research obtained were that the average completeness of student learning on dynamic electricity material with an online learning model was very low (below the minimum completeness standards), analysis of the N-Gain value gets a value of 0.23 and is categorized as low. Statistical analysis with the help of SPSS 22 shows that the sample is normally distributed and hypothesis testing shows that online learning has no effect on increasing the value of student learning outcomes. There were many obstacles during the online learning process even though solutions had been given but there were not resolved properly, one of the obstacles was the need real lab. Student response to online learning is quite positive 63%. The conclusion of this study is that online learning is not effective enough to be used at the junior high school level and improvements are still needed in terms of facilities and infrastructure.
BRASIL
Authors: Gregory Valdecir , Rodrigues Anselmo de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

O propósito deste artigo é despertar o leitor para a necessidade de se elaboraruma grande estratégia para o Brasil que reflita o ideário da nação, seus objetivose interesses. Para orientar essa grande estratégia, propõe-se que é fundamentalrealizar uma adequada avaliação do cenário. Para isso, numa primeira parte,é desenvolvido um modelo de análise geopolítica que contempla o sistemainternacional em sua totalidade. Apoiando-se nesse modelo, realiza-se uma análiseprospectiva que permite definir o papel que o Brasil poderá desempenhar noconcerto das nações. Em seguida, revisa-se a evolução do pensamento estratégicocom o intuito de melhor compreender o conceito de grande estratégia. Baseado noque foi descrito, este artigo realiza proposições para a elaboração de uma GrandeEstratégia para o Brasil.
Colonialism and Environment: A Postcolonial Eco-critical Approach towards Dhruv Bhatt’s Oceanside Blues
Authors: Paliwal Nisha
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The present paper analyses the role of nature in the lives of the tribals while exploring their indigenous eco-customs and traditions that have helped in sustaining their eco-centric approach to life. It also explores the culture-nature dialectic that surfaces the long-lasting conflict between tradition and modernity through a distinctive tribal perspective.

Methodology/ Approach: Postcolonial ecocritical approach. 

Findings: The paper analyzes Oceanside Blues (2001) by Dhruv Bhatt, a Gujarati writer, from an eco-critical perspective while exploring the representation of tribal eco sensibilities and analyzing their eco-ethical imports. The narratives along with sending a lucid message for the survival of ecology, urge the human race to rekindle its communion with nature.

Conclusion: The novel in itself is a piece of resistance against the colonial activities that harm the environment as well as the tribal people by seizing their land on their preconceived notion of growth and development that contradicts their cultural values. Nature protests in its own ways like the sea protesting against environmental destruction in the form of a tornado in the region.
A Fast Parallel lmplicit Method for Solving Black-Scholes Partial Differential Equation
Authors:   New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan, Uematsu Ikuya , Li Lei ,   Hosei University, Japan
Published: December 2020

The Option is well known as one of the typical financial derivatives. In order to determine the price of this option, the finite difference method is used, which must be calculated using the Black-Scholes partial differential equation. In this paper, efficient computation is performed for tridiagonal Toeplitz linear equations which is needed when solving Black-Scholes partial differential equation. Let size of discretization with time is n, and size of discretization for property's value is m, we propose a method to fnd the solution with the required number of parallel steps of 4n log m, and the required number of processors m + log m.
Geo Information Systems &Remote Sensing: Applications in Environmental Systems & Management
Authors: Paul P.K. , Aithal P. S. , Bhuimali A. , Tiwary K.S. , Saavedra R. , Aremu B.
Published: December 2020

Geo Informatics is an interdisciplinary field responsible for spatial information related activities. Geo Informatics is close to the Geo Information Science, Geo Information System, Remote Sensing, etc. Geo Informatics is a combination of Geo Science and Information Science and here different kinds of IT and Computing tools are being used such as Database Technology, Network Technology, Web Technology, Multimedia Technology, etc in the spatial data management. Remote Sensing is considered as a component of Geo Information Science dedicated in gathering of information on the different types of objects without physical content and applicable in different areas of the geography, survey of land and different type of geo related areas viz. Hydrology, Ecology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Geology, etc. The term remote sensing is also called as GIS & RS due to their relationship and their importance. The applications of the IT in Geography and allied areas are called as Geo Informatics or Geo Information Science. Similarly, the applications and utilization of IT, Information Science and Computing in Environment and allied areas are known as Environmental Informatics or Environmental Information Science. The GIS and Remote Sensing applications in the environment and ecological areas are increasing rapidly and it includes various existing and emerging applications. This paper talks about the applications of the GIS and RS in Environmental Applications and Management.
Rational Organizational Structure:For Brick-and-Mortar Lifestyle Retailers in India to Overcome Diseconomies of Scale and Protect Firm’s Sustainability(ROLS-b)
Authors: Ganesh H.R. , Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2020

A majority of organized brick-and-mortar lifestyle retailers in India believe that the brick-and-mortar retailing model ensures economies of scale as they keep opening new stores. Having more stores might help retailers to gain product sourcing advantages in addition to generating additional revenue to the firm but at the same time, it fails to provide any other benefits towards economies of scale as every new store comes with new one-time capital expenditures and recurring fixed expenses. Another misconception is that lifestyle retailing must follow an organizational structure (OS) that is adopted by their parent company and hence a majority of OS adopted by lifestyle retailers in India is dependent on organizational form. This study was not limited to just recommending a rational OS based on exploratory research and existing theories in the OS domain. Once the ROLS-b was designed, we have experimented with the proposed rational OS on one of the ten lifestyle retailers in the study to test the validity and reliability. Experimentation results empirically and qualitatively demonstrate that the existing belief of brick-and-mortar lifestyle retailers in India which assumes economies of scale and long-term firm’s sustainability as the retailer increases the store count is just a misconception and does not hold. On the other hand, when we experimented the ROLS-b for over twelve months at over 25 percent stores of a select retailer, results demonstrate that these stores which have gone through the treatment have shown 5.34 times improvement in the store-level profit and 1.97 times in the firm-level profit in addition to eliminating a majority of gaps found in the existing OS that was leading to diseconomies of scale and deteriorating firm’s performance.