bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Sodium Nitroprusside and Urapidil in the Treatment of Acute Hypertensive Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Zhenzhen , Jia Yanxun , Li Hao , Mou Yating
Published: March 2022

This paper mainly studies the clinical efficacy of sodium nitroprusside and urapidil in the treatment of acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and analyzes the brain CT image detection based on a deep learning algorithm. A total of 132 cases of acute hypertension admitted to XXX hospital from XX 2019 to XX 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The diseases of all patients were clinically confirmed, and patients were divided into groups according to the differences in treatment methods. Urapidil was used for group 1; sodium nitroprusside was used for group 2; and urapidil combined with sodium nitroprusside was used for group 3. A convolutional neural network in deep learning is used to construct intelligent processing to classify brain CT images of patients. The network performance of AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and CNN3 is predicted. The results show that GoogLeNet has the highest prediction accuracy of 0.83, followed by AlexNet with 0.80 and CNN3 with 0.74. The results of the performance parameter curve show that the GoogLeNet has the highest performance parameter of 0.89, followed by AlexNet and CNN3 network. The performance parameter curve of machine learning is above 0.80. After five weeks of drug treatment, the hematoma volume was (3.8 ± 2.6) mL in group1, (7.6 ± 2.8) mL in group 2, and (2.8 ± 1.5) mL in group 3. After 5 days of treatment, the patients’ heart rate changed compared with before treatment. Compared with group 2, there were significant differences between groups 1 and 3 (

P
<
0.01

), indicating that the therapeutic effect of the combination group was significantly better than that of the other groups alone. In summary, the combination of sodium nitroprusside and urapidil has a significantly better effect than that of urapidil alone. A convolutional neural network based on deep learning improves the recognition accuracy of medical images.
[Retracted] Artificial Intelligence‐Based MRI in Diagnosis of Injury of Cranial Nerves of Premature Infant and Its Correlation with Inflammation of Placenta
Authors: Liao Gui
Published: March 2022

The study focused on the effects of artificial intelligence algorithms in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing cranial nerve inflammation of placenta and the correlation between cranial nerve injury with placental inflammation was explored. The subjects were selected from 132 premature infants in the hospital. According to the pathological examination of placenta, 81 cases with chorioamnionitis were taken as the experimental group and 51 cases without chorioamnionitis were taken as the control group. The incidence of cranial nerve injury in different groups of premature infants was analyzed by MRI diagnosis based on the principal component analysis (PCA) artificial intelligence algorithm, so as to analyze the correlation between cranial nerve injury and placental inflammation in premature infants. It was found that when the PCA artificial intelligence algorithm was incorporated into MRI examination of cranial nerve injury of premature infant, the A (accuracy), P (precision), R (recall), and F1 values under the PCA algorithm were 92%, 93.75%, 90%, and 92.87%, respectively. The A, P, R, and F1 of the control group were 54%, 54.1%, 52%, and 53.03%, respectively; there were statistically significant differences between the two groups, P < 0.05. As for the correlation of placental inflammation and cranial nerve injury, the positive detection rate of the experimental group was 53.09%, and the positive detection rate of the control group was 15.69%, and the difference was statistically significant, P < 0.05. In conclusion, the PCA artificial intelligence algorithm has high effectiveness and high accuracy in auxiliary diagnosis of premature brain nerve injury, and placental inflammation greatly increases the chance of premature infant suffering from brain nerve injury.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Bispectral Index of EEG under Intravenous Target-Controlled Anesthesia Based on Intelligent Medical Treatment
Authors: Li Aizhi , He Qunhui , Li Rulin , Chen Yu , Xu Weiwei
Published: March 2022

Laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of less trauma and quick recovery, and it is more and more favored by surgeons and patients in clinical practice. However, the impact of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the body during laparoscopic surgery has attracted the attention of many scholars. Pneumoperitoneum can cause increased cerebral blood flow and increased intracranial pressure, cerebral metabolic rate is highly correlated with blood carbon dioxide partial pressure, and cerebral metabolism without cardiopulmonary bypass is linearly correlated with the depth of anesthesia. Electroencephalographic (EEG) bispectral index (BIS) is a signal analysis method, which can directly measure the effect of drugs on the cerebral cortex and reflect the depth of anesthesia. Based on this, this study takes smart medical treatment as the background and uses the improved BP neural network as a tool to explore the effect of carbon dioxide on EEG bispectral index under intravenous target-controlled anesthesia. The main purpose is to observe the correlation between arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure and EEG bispectral index under propofol target-controlled anesthesia during retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this study can efficiently and accurately obtain the size of the influencing factors, which provides a clinical basis for the anesthesia management and anesthesia depth regulation of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic surgery.
EEG Feature Extraction and Data Augmentation in Emotion Recognition
Authors: Kalashami Mahsa Pourhosein , Pedram Mir Mohsen , Sadr Hossein
Published: March 2022

Emotion recognition is a challenging problem in Brain-Computer Interaction (BCI). Electroencephalogram (EEG) gives unique information about brain activities that are created due to emotional stimuli. This is one of the most substantial advantages of brain signals in comparison to facial expression, tone of voice, or speech in emotion recognition tasks. However, the lack of EEG data and high dimensional EEG recordings lead to difficulties in building effective classifiers with high accuracy. In this study, data augmentation and feature extraction techniques are proposed to solve the lack of data problem and high dimensionality of data, respectively. In this study, the proposed method is based on deep generative models and a data augmentation strategy called Conditional Wasserstein GAN (CWGAN), which is applied to the extracted features to regenerate additional EEG features. DEAP dataset is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, a standard support vector machine and a deep neural network with different tunes were implemented to build effective models. Experimental results show that using the additional augmented data enhances the performance of EEG-based emotion recognition models. Furthermore, the mean accuracy of classification after data augmentation is increased 6.5% for valence and 3.0% for arousal, respectively.
Self-focusing/Defocusing of Hermite-Sinh-Gaussian Laser Beam in
Underdense Inhomogeneous Plasmas
Authors: Tian Kaijing , Xia Xiongping , Gupta Devki Nandan
Published: March 2022

The self-focusing/defocusing of Hermite-sinh-Gaussian (HshG) laser beam
in underdense inhomogeneous plasmas is studied by using higher-order
approximation theory. It is found that Hermite mode index and the
fluctuation of the periodic plasma density have a significant effect on the
dielectric constant and laser beam self-focusing/self-defocusing. With the
increase of mode index, the high-order HshG laser beam is beneficial to
suppress self-focusing and enhance self-defocusing. In addition, the effects
of decentered parameters, beam intensity, and plasma non-uniformity on
self-focusing/self-defocusing are discussed.
Sports Economic Operation Index Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning and Ensemble Learning
Authors: Yang Chuangjian , Chen Junmeng
Published: March 2022

In order to construct a prediction model of sports economic operation indicators, this paper combines deep learning and ensemble learning algorithms to integrate and improve the algorithms and analyzes the principles of the LightGBM ensemble learning model and the hyperparameters of the model. Moreover, this paper obtains appropriate intelligent algorithms according to the data analysis requirements of sports economic operation. The break-even analysis method of sports event operation is to find the critical point of the program’s profit and loss by analyzing the relationship between the operating cost and profit of the sports event. In addition, this paper uses deep learning and ensemble learning to comprehensively evaluate sports events, constructs a summary evaluation structure of sports items, and evaluates the model in this paper combined with experimental research. The test results verify the reliability of the model in this paper.
(Im)possible Traces
Authors: Poole Ethan
Published: March 2022

In this article, I argue that when movement maps onto a λ-bound variable (a “trace”), that variable must be of an individual semantic type, such as type e or type d. Thus, even though natural language has expressions of higher types, these expressions cannot be represented as traces. When an individual-type trace would not be able to semantically compose in the launching site of movement, the moved element is forced to syntactically reconstruct. The motivation for this constraint on traces comes from a detailed investigation of how DPs in their different semantic guises—entities, properties, and generalized quantifiers—are interpreted when they move. I then argue that strong definite descriptions exhibit the same type-based restriction—namely, they cannot occur in higher-type positions, which I take as evidence for the theory that traces are definite descriptions.
Graph Clustering With Graph Capsule Network
Authors: Zhang Xianchao , Mu Jie , Liu Han , Zhang Xiaotong , Zong Linlin , Wang Guanglu
Published: March 2022

Graph clustering, which aims to partition a set of graphs into groups with similar structures, is a fundamental task in data analysis. With the great advances made by deep learning, deep graph clustering methods have achieved success. However, these methods have two limitations: (1) they learn graph embeddings by a neural language model that fails to effectively express graph properties, and (2) they treat embedding learning and clustering as two isolated processes, so the learned embeddings are unsuitable for the subsequent clustering. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel capsule-based graph clustering (CGC) algorithm to cluster graphs. First, we construct a graph clustering capsule network (GCCN) that introduces capsules to capture graph properties. Second, we design an iterative optimization strategy to alternately update the GCCN parameters and clustering assignment parameters. This strategy leads GCCN to learn cluster-oriented graph embeddings. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves performance superior to that of existing graph clustering algorithms in terms of three standard evaluation metrics: ACC, NMI, and ARI. Moreover, we use visualization results to analyze the effectiveness of the capsules and demonstrate that GCCN can learn cluster-oriented embeddings.
Relating Patterns of Added and Redistributed Ocean Warming
Authors: Newsom Emily , Zanna Laure , Khatiwala Samar
Published: March 2022

Ocean warming patterns are a primary control on regional sea level rise and transient climate sensitivity. However, controls on these patterns in both observations and models are not fully understood, complicated as they are by their dependence on the “addition” of heat to the ocean’s interior along background ventilation pathways and on the “redistribution” of heat between regions by changing ocean dynamics. While many previous studies attribute heat redistribution to changes in high-latitude processes, here we propose that substantial heat redistribution is explained by the large-scale adjustment of the geostrophic flow to warming within the pycnocline. We explore this hypothesis in the University of Victoria Earth System Model, estimating added heat using the transport matrix method. We find that throughout the midlatitudes, subtropics, and tropics, patterns of added and redistributed heat in the model are strongly anticorrelated (R ≈ −0.75). We argue that this occurs because changes in ocean currents, acting across pre-existing temperature gradients, redistribute heat away from regions of strong passive heat convergence. Over broad scales, this advective response can be estimated from changes in upper-ocean density alone using the thermal wind relation and is linked to an adjustment of the subtropical pycnocline. These results highlight a previously unappreciated relationship between added and redistributed heat and emphasize the role that subtropical and midlatitude dynamics play in setting patterns of ocean heat storage.

Significance Statement

The point of our study was to better understand the geographic pattern of ocean warming caused by human-driven climate change. Warming patterns are challenging to predict because they are sensitive both to how the ocean absorbs heat from the atmosphere and to how ocean currents change in response to increased emissions. We showed that these processes are not independent of one another: in many regions, changes in ocean currents reduce regional variations in the build-up of new heat absorbed from the atmosphere. This finding may help to constrain future projections of regional ocean warming, which matters because ocean warming patterns have a major influence on regional sea level rise, marine ecosystem degradation, and the rate of atmospheric warming.
The Fear of the Lord: The Beginning of Reconciliation
Authors: Moser Paul K.
Published: March 2022

Some of the Biblical narratives seem inconsistent regarding human fear of God. For instance, according to Luke’s Gospel, Jesus commanded fear of God, but he also evidently commanded ‘Do not be afraid’ in relation to God. To block inconsistency, this article clarifies two kinds of motivational fear of God: conforming fear and nonconforming fear relative to God’s will. It explains why conforming, obedient fear of God, even when combined with felt abandonment by God, need not yield despair about God’s reality or goodness. The article avoids two influential extremes: treating fear of God as experiencing an ‘ineffable’ object that is ‘wholly other’ (Otto and others) and treating it as mere obedience to God (von Rad and others). It identifies a central but widely neglected role for affective distress experiences in fear of God, which indicate moral or cognitive shortcomings before God but can be empowering for obeying God and for reconciliation with God.
Sexual Fluidity and Psychological Distress: What Happens When Young Women’s Sexual Identities Change?
Authors: Campbell Alice , Perales Francisco , Hughes Tonda L. , Everett Bethany G. , Baxter Janeen
Published: March 2022

The sexual identities of young women today are less binary and more fluid than ever before. Several theoretical perspectives imply that this fluidity could be accompanied by distress. To examine this, we analyzed four waves of data from Australian women born 1989 to 1995 (n = 11,527). We found no evidence of a universal association between sexual identity change and psychological distress. Instead, psychological distress was elevated when women changed their identity away from the heterosexual norm and lowered when they changed their identity toward it. Social stress partly attenuated these associations. In addition, women unsure of their identity at multiple assessment points reported significantly greater psychological distress in the final assessment than women who were never unsure. Our findings suggest that greater support should be offered to women who are questioning their sexual identity or developing a minority identity.
Family engagement and conflict about teaching for social justice
Authors: Stoughton Carolyn , Lynch Megan E. , Lee May
Published: March 2022

Amidst the increased demand for social justice throughout the United States, Carolyn Stoughton, a teacher in a midwestern school district, developed and taught curriculum on gender stereotypes and racial injustice to 2nd-grade students. She received messages from families suggesting her curriculum was inappropriate, pushing an agenda, and indoctrinating children. Navigating the politicized terrain of teaching for social justice is complex, uncertain, and requires a commitment to equity and a just society. Carolyn, with her former student-teaching supervisors Megan Lynch and May Lee, reflects on how she engaged with unanticipated responses from families, the impact it had on her, and implications for learning how to communicate with families.
Knowledge, progress and the knowledge of progress
Authors: Seth Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Modern societies, and the modern knowledge that was seen to be both an emblem and a precipitating cause of their modernity, have long been seen as marking a great historical advance. Modernity, we have been assured, by the social sciences in general and sociology in particular, is not only different from premodernity and contemporary nonmodern societies, these differences are also signs of intellectual, moral and material progress. In recent times, however, there have been a chorus of criticisms of the core presumptions that undergird modern knowledge. Such criticisms are sufficiently widespread and intellectually serious that the superiority and universality of modern western Reason, which could previously be taken for granted, now have to be argued for. Such defences of the universality of modern knowledge invariably draw on Kant and/or Hegel, as in the case of the two contemporary defenders of modern western knowledge, Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas, whose arguments this article will outline and evaluate. It argues that neither convincingly shows that there are transhistorical and transcultural standards by which we can uphold the superiority and universality of modern knowledge, and concludes that there are no grounds to cleave to the idea of ‘progress’.
Media Coverage of Earnings Announcements: How Newsworthiness Shapes Media Volume and Tone
Authors: Oliver Abbie Griffith , Campbell Robert , Graffin Scott , Bundy Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Media coverage of earnings is consequential for firms. As such, firms work hard to ensure their performance beats analyst estimates to avoid negative coverage. However, the relationship between performance and coverage might not be as straightforward as firms assume because media coverage is a socially constructed process that reflects journalists’ social and cognitive biases while producing newsworthy content. With this in mind, we unpack the concept of newsworthiness and develop theory regarding how the media targets, in the earnings context, deviance that is socially significant for stakeholders or attaches a deviance frame to news of social significance. In doing so, we examine how the media’s pursuit of newsworthiness shapes the relationship between critical characteristics of earnings announcements—including the firm’s earnings performance, its press releases surrounding earnings, its prior reputation, and its prior media visibility—and media volume and tone. The results of our empirical tests are broadly consistent with our theorizing. Our theory and findings contribute to research on earnings, media coverage, and social evaluations.
Perceived Benefits and Costs of Empowerment: Conceptualization, Measure Development, and Its Impact on Empowering Leadership
Authors: Han Soojung , Harold Crystal M. , Kim Joseph K. , Vogel Ryan M.
Published: March 2022

Despite the benefits associated with empowering employees, some leaders are reluctant to do so. From a decision-making perspective, this may be due to leaders’ perception that empowerment also has potential costs. In this manuscript, we frame the role of leader as decision-maker, advancing the idea that empowering leadership behavior is a function of leaders’ perceptions of both the benefits and costs of empowerment. Using five unique samples of supervisors (and, in two samples, their direct reports), we identify the specific content areas associated with leaders’ perceptions of the benefits and costs of empowerment, create and validate measures of perceived benefits and costs, and test its relationship with empowering leadership. Results revealed five categories of perceived benefits and six categories of perceived costs of empowerment and provided support for the factor structure and reliability of our measures. Results from two field studies provide mixed support for the relationship between perceptions of empowerment's benefits and costs and empowering leadership; although perceived costs consistently influenced empowerment behaviors, perceived benefits were significantly related to empowerment behaviors in one sample but not the other. We discuss implications of these findings for empowering leadership research and theory, and managerial practice.
Antacids revisited: review on contemporary facts and relevance for self-management
Authors: Garg Vandana , Narang Prashant , Taneja Ritu
Published: March 2022

Heartburn and acid regurgitation are the typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Despite the availability of several treatment options, antacids remain the mainstay treatment for gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms based on their efficacy, safety, and over-the-counter availability. Antacids are generally recommended for adults and children at least 12 years old, and the FDA recommends antacids as the first-line treatment for heartburn in pregnancy. This narrative review summarizes the mechanism, features, and limitations related to different antacid ingredients and techniques available to study the acid neutralization and buffering capacity of antacid formulations. Using supporting clinical evidence for different antacid ingredients, it also discusses the importance of antacids as OTC medicines and first-line therapies for heartburn, particularly in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, in which reliance on self-care has increased. The review will also assist pharmacists and other healthcare professionals in helping individuals with heartburn to make informed self-care decisions and educating them to ensure that antacids are used in an optimal, safe, and effective manner.
Remittances, development and financialisation beyond the Global North
Authors: Kunz Rahel , Maisenbacher Julia , Paudel Lekh Nath
Published: March 2022

In the context of the global financial crisis and the crunch in development financing, remittances have become linked to the financial inclusion agenda in what has been termed as ‘financialization of remittances’ (FOR). This special issue brings together seven articles that analyze the socioculturally specific histories and the everyday manifestations of the FOR in the Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Ghana, Mexico, Nepal and Senegal. The contributors engage in a transdisciplinary conversation, mobilizing insights from feminist, postcolonial, poststructural and political geography theories. They propose two majors shifts for financialisation analysis: towards an investigation beyond the global North and towards taking seriously failures, contradictions and contestations of financialisation processes. By doing so, the special issue contributes to financialization research in five major ways: to expose colonial legacies of remittances and their financialization; to challenge the supposedly neutral character of the FOR by revealing the caste, gendered and racialized power relations in financialization processes; to destabilizes the notion of the universal individual financial subject and show how multiple financial subjectivities are constituted in constellations; to document the complexities, ambiguities, contradictions and failures of financialization processes and the (everyday) contestations they face; and to show how remittances and their financialization are implicated in reconfiguring authorities, citizenship and social dynamics. The contributions propose relational understandings of financialization that conceptualize the co-constitution of economic, political and sociocultural dimensions of financialization across and beyond the North-South divide.
How Well are Serious Illness Conversations Documented and What are Patient and Physician Perceptions of These Conversations?
Authors: Daly Jeanette , Schmidt Megan , Thoma Kate , Xu Yinghui , Levy Barcey
Published: March 2022

Background: The Serious Illness Care Program (SICP), developed in 2011 by Ariadne Labs, restructures care so that knowing and then honoring patients’ wishes becomes part of routine care. Objectives: 1) summarize patient perceptions of use of the Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG) components, 2) assess whether a serious illness conversation was documented in the electronic health record (EHR) and identify the SICG components that were included, 3) summarize clinician perceptions of use of the SICG components, and 4) assess the association of documented SICG components with the patient's perception of the SICG discussion. Methods: Clinicians at three family medicine offices were trained in serious illness conversations using the SICG. They documented their serious illness conversations in the medical record. Retrospective chart review for SICG components was conducted for patients. Patients and clinicians completed questionnaires about their experience with the SICG. Statistical analysis included the Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables and Cohen's kappa to determine agreement between clinician documentation and patient perception. Results: Eighty-nine patients consented and completed their baseline questionnaire. Mean age of the 89 patients was 72 years and 65 (73%) were female. Thirty (34%) medical records had one or more SICG components documented. Seventy-nine (89%) patients reported at least one individual component of the SICG being discussed. Clinicians reported they engaged in asking patients what is important to them at a mean of 5.9, with 7 being “all the time”. There was slight agreement (kappa = .19) for patient perception and clinician documentation of discussing patient goals, but no agreement for any of the other SICG components. Conclusion: Even among trained clinicians, only one-third of patients had documentation of at least one SICG component. Only slight agreement was found between clinician documentation of SICG in the medical record and patient perception of SICG discussion.
Capital, Capitalism and Health
Authors: Das Raju J
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has contributed to increased scholarly attention to an important ‘human need’: good health. This article is about the relation between workers’ health and capitalist production, as Marx examines it in his magnum opus. While Marx’s main focus in Capital Volume 1 is on the production of surplus value by workers and its appropriation by capitalists, he does provide insights into how capitalism ruins the health of workers themselves, although these insights are scattered. In this article, I systematically re-articulate and analyse Marx’s thoughts about workers’ health in relation to some of the key-categories of his political economy: the value of labour power relative to wages; employment precarity; long working day; hidden abode of production; capitalists’ despotic control over workers; and the capitalist transformation of nature. I briefly relate Marx’s ideas about workers’ health from Capital Volume 1 to some contemporary research on the social dimensions of health. I also show that Marx’s explicit ideas about workers’ health, which are my main focus, point to a broader approach to the topic that is only implicit in his thinking. I draw out some practical implications of this approach.
Free vibration analysis of a multi-stepped functionally graded curved beam with general boundary conditions
Authors: Kim Kwanghun , Kwak Songhun , Jang Paeksan , Juhyok U , Pang Kyongjin
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a Haar wavelet discretization method (HWDM) for analyzing the free vibration of the multi-stepped functionally graded (FG) curved beam with general boundary conditions is presented. It is assumed that the material properties of the beam change continuously in the thickness direction according to the distribution characteristics of the material determined by four parameters. The individual steps of the multi-stepped functionally graded curved beam are combined by a continuous condition. For generalization of boundary conditions, the artificial elastic spring technique is introduced. The displacement fields are determined by the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the motion equation is obtained by using Hamilton’s principle. All displacement functions including boundary and continuity conditions are expressed in the form of a Haar wavelet series and its integral, and a characteristic equation discretized based on the Haar wavelet is obtained. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method are confirmed through convergence and validation studies. The results indicate that this method has high accuracy and reliability, also a higher convergence rate in attaining the frequencies of the multi-stepped FG curved beam. Then, the frequency parameters and mode types of the multi-stepped FG curved beam obtained by the proposed method are given with numerical examples. These new numerical results can be used as benchmark data for research in this field.
Screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ, 2008–2020: An observational study
Authors: Kelly Caitriona , Fitzpatrick Patricia , Quinn Cecily , Flanagan Fidelma , Connors Alissa , Larke Aideen , Mooney Therese , Kennedy Maria , Sheehan Margaret , Bennett Michael W. , Brodie Caroline , O’Doherty Ann
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the grade distribution of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed in Ireland, in the context of the clinical trials currently underway to determine if active surveillance is a feasible management option for low-risk DCIS.

Setting

BreastCheck is the national breast screening programme in Ireland, offering screening to women aged 50 to 69 every two years.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of data collected by BreastCheck on all screen-detected DCIS diagnosed in the 12 years of nationwide screening. Incidence and detection rates were calculated. Descriptive analysis of the cases was performed and, for comparative analysis, grade of DCIS was analysed as a binary variable (high vs. low/intermediate) in keeping with the inclusion criteria for active surveillance trials. Analysis was performed in IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26.

Results

Between 2008 and 2020, 2240 women were diagnosed with DCIS through BreastCheck; 876 (39.1%) were low/intermediate-grade. The overall incidence rate has remained relatively stable during this period. Women with low/intermediate-grade DCIS were younger than women with high-grade DCIS (56 (interquartile range: 56-61) years v 57 (interquartile range: 53–61) years; p < 0.001). They were also more likely to have been diagnosed at an initial screening episode compared with those who had high-grade lesions (42.5% v 29.0%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

If current clinical trials recommend active surveillance as a feasible option for DCIS, up to 40% of women with screen-detected DCIS may be eligible. These women are younger and often diagnosed on initial screening episode, so may require longer active follow-up.
It’s About Time: Understanding Job Crafting Through the Lens of Individuals’ Temporal Characteristics
Authors: Weisman Hannah , Bindl Uta K. , Gibson Cristina B. , Unsworth Kerrie L.
Published: March 2022

Job crafting refers to the myriad ways employees customize their jobs, such as by altering their tasks and social interaction at work. Numerous scholars over the past 20 years have remarked on the overall need to better understand the role of time in job crafting. However, the literature has not considered how employees think about time, or, relatedly, how they use and manage it—and why this might matter for job crafting. To address these unresolved issues, the current paper develops a conceptual model of individual-level, time-related characteristics that shape employees’ engagement in job crafting and the effects of job crafting efforts on their well-being. We first review the prevailing understanding of time in job crafting research: merely operating as a medium for change, in the background. We then introduce our new conceptualization of time as central to job crafting—as temporal characteristics of the job crafter—and develop a conceptual model in which time-related constructs play a key role in influencing job crafting and its effects. Our model proposes that employees’ career stage, as well as their polychronicity preference and temporal focus, predicts engagement in job crafting, whereas employees’ time management and time urgency act as key moderators that shape the implications of job crafting for employees’ well-being. By theorizing on time in job crafting, our model thus contributes to understanding relevant antecedents and outcomes of job crafting. We conclude our paper by offering an agenda for future research to further incorporate the role of time in job crafting.
Evaluating the Unequal Economy: Poverty Risk, Economic Indicators, and the Perception Gap
Authors: Hellwig Timothy , Marinova Dani M
Published: March 2022

How do citizens form evaluations of the economy? Defining features of advanced capitalism like income inequality and labor market dualization present a challenge for assessing the health of the economy based on a small set of macroeconomic indicators. This is particularly true for those whose proximity to poverty and precarious labor market position is not always reflected in the official unemployment rate. For those individuals, socio-economic segregation and the geographic concentration of poverty mean that information on poverty is more accessible and more salient than information on macroeconomic indicators which needs to be explicitly sought out. Poverty risk thus shapes how individuals evaluate the economy: at-risk individuals are less likely to rely on conventional indicators of growth and unemployment and more likely to allocate attention to the poverty rate. Analyses of public opinion data from 27 countries provide support for this argument. We further show that those at risk of poverty know less about economic performance by standard economic indicators but offer more accurate estimates of national poverty rates. These novel findings underline the need to depart from familiar indicators and address how unequal economies structure preferences and policy responses .
Umbilical Appendix Masquerading as a Patent Omphalomesenteric Duct in a Neonate
Authors: Karakas Cansu , Katzman Philip J. , Wakeman Derek S. , Chacon Miranda
Published: March 2022

The umbilicus is the site of a number of well-recognized and unusual abnormalities. Well-known neonatal umbilical abnormalities include umbilical hernias, granulomas/polyps, and congenital remnants of development. In this article, we describe a rare case of an appendix draining through the umbilicus of a neonate. In the literature, there are only 15 cases with possible umbilical appendix. We describe this rare case along with a review of the literature and discuss the underlying pathophysiology.
Circulating Tumor Cell-Free DNA Genes as Prognostic Gene Signature for Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Gunderson Camille C , Radhakrishnan Rangasudhagar , Gomathinayagam Rohini , Husain Sanam , Aravindan Sheeja , Moore Kathleen M , Dhanasekaran Danny N , Jayaraman Muralidharan
Published: March 2022

Clinical management of gynecological cancer begins by optimal debulking with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. However, in ~80% patients, ovarian cancer will recur and is lethal. Prognostic gene signature panel identifying platinum-resistance enables better patient stratification for precision therapy. Retrospectively collected serum from 11 “poor” (<6 months progression free interval [PFI]) and 22 “favorable” (>24 months PFI) prognosis patients, were evaluated using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). DNA from both groups showed 50 to 10 000 bp fragments. Pairwise analysis of sequenced cfDNA from patients showed that gene dosages were higher for 29 genes and lower for 64 genes in poor than favorable prognosis patients. Gene ontology analysis of higher dose genes predominantly grouped into cytoskeletal proteins, while lower dose genes, as hydrolases and receptors. Higher dosage genes searched for cancer-relatedness in Reactome database indicated 15 genes were referenced with cancer. Among them 3 genes, TGFBR2, ZMIZ2, and NRG2, were interacting with more than 4 cancer-associated genes. Protein expression analysis of tumor samples indicated that TGFBR2 was downregulated and ZMIZ2 was upregulated in poor prognosis patients. Our results indicate that the cfDNA gene dosage combined with protein expression in tumor samples can serve as gene signature panel for prognosis determination amongst ovarian cancer patients.
Motion event representation in L1-Turkish versus L2-English speech and gesture: Relations to eye movements for event components
Authors: Aktan-Erciyes Aslı , Akbuğa Emir , Kızıldere Erim , Göksun Tilbe
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

We investigated interrelations among speech, co-speech gestures, and visual attention in first language (L1)-Turkish second language (L2)-English speakers’ descriptions of motion events. We asked whether young adults differed in their spoken, gestural expressions, and visual attention toward event components of manner (how an action is performed) and path (the trajectory of an action) after controlling for their L2 proficiency.

Methodology:

Participants were 49 native Turkish speakers ( Mage = 20.98) whose second language is English. After watching each video (recording eye movements), they were asked to describe the motion event videos, and their speech and gesture were coded. English competence level was measured using a standardized assessment.

Data and Analysis:

We performed analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) to investigate both within- and across-language differences for L1-Turkish and L2-English spoken and gestural expressions. To analyze eye-gaze behaviors with respect to language and event component differences, we performed t-tests. Last, hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between visual attention and the use of path and manner in speech and gesture separately.

Findings:

For L1-Turkish speech, participants used more path than manner constructions, indicating no particular effect of L2 on L1. For L2-English, participants used similar amounts of path and manner descriptions. Path gestures dominated for both L1-Turkish and L2-English. Participants allocated more attention to figures possibly related to manners rather than grounds (paths). There was no effect of L2 proficiency on verbal and gestural explanations or visual attention to events.

Originality:

This study adopts an integrative approach through investigating speech, gesture, and eye-gaze behavior patterns in motion event conceptualization while also addressing L1 and L2 differences within this framework.

Implications:

These findings highlight the similarities in visual attention and the use of gestures across L1-Turkish and L2-English motion event descriptions, and only an expected difference in verbal expressions.
On the pragmatic function of utterance-level declination as deployed by speakers with multilingual repertoires
Authors: Steien Guri Bordal , Svennevig Jan , Jensen Bård Uri
Published: March 2022

Aim and objectives/purpose/research questions:

The aim of this study is to examine the pragmatic function of utterance-level declination as used in conversations in French and Norwegian by 10 migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) living in Norway whose repertoires are highly multilingual.

Design/methodology/approach:

To investigate this contour, we draw on insights from different fields, that is, research on multilingualism, Conversation Analysis (CA), and phonetics/phonology.

Data and analysis:

By an automatic procedure, we examined pitch variations of 400 declarative utterances (200 in Norwegian and 200 in French). The procedure found that 38 of the utterances have declination. These were then analyzed qualitatively with methods from CA in the context of the sequence. The aim of the CA was to assess the pragmatic functions of the contour.

Findings/conclusions:

We found that utterance-level declination is a marked contour, that is, used to make certain utterances prominent in relation to other utterances of the sequence. The contour has the same functions in French and Norwegian for these speakers. Our conclusion is that the contour is a flexible resource of the speakers’ repertoires.

Originality and significance/implications:

This study is a contribution to the scarcely explored area of the prosody-pragmatics interface in speakers with varied linguistic repertoires. Moreover, our approach is emic and inspired by recent trends in the field of multilingualism.
Journalistic translation: A gate at which journalism studies and translation studies meet
Authors: Kalantari Esmaeil
Published: March 2022

This theoretical article focuses on a part-whole relationship between journalistic translation (or news translation) and the overall process of news gatekeeping within and outside of the boundaries of media organizations. The article argues for understanding the part (i.e., journalistic translation) in light of the whole (i.e., news gatekeeping) and the whole in light of the part. In this regard, it approaches journalistic translation in terms of its relationships with other news gatekeeping operations (e.g., information selection and editing) and factors that control the whole process of news gatekeeping (e.g., organizational and social constraints); besides, it touches on the relevance of the inclusion of the concept of translation in theorizing about news gatekeeping and the potential of the findings of research on translation in news production settings to contribute to news gatekeeping scholarship.
Life of crops: notes on investigative memorialisation
Authors: Sattler Philipp , Sekulić Dubravka , Tomić Milica
Published: March 2022

At Aflenz an der Sulm in south-eastern Austria, digging into the soil to see what material evidence of recent history it holds reflects a broader process of investigation. It uncovers the entanglements that produced landscape as a material and an immaterial construction. The article focuses on Aflenz unpacking its contemporary landscape that covers layers of (invisible) history – obliviated relations of politics, finance, and business – which formed it as a WWII labour and concentration camp. Considering also the subsequent processes of forgetting unearths the land and its soils as the constant and thus an unwilling archive and thereby the necessary object of inquiry. The article proposes investigation and ‘investigative memorialisation’ put forward by artist Milica Tomić, to consider such knowledge as a public matter, positioning it as an open-ended public form that can speak of the complexities afforded and deposited in the soil as memory.
Effects of leadership on performance: A cross-cultural meta-analysis
Authors: Sertel Gülsüm , Karadag Engin , Ergin-Kocatürk Hatice
Published: March 2022

We investigated the correlation between leadership types and performance in different national cultural contexts and across sectors through a meta-analysis of 79 studies published between 1995 and 2020 using a random effects model. Although the analysis indicated that the type of leadership has only a medium-level effect on performance, our moderator analysis of the national culture variable found that the effect of leadership on performance was significantly higher in vertical-collectivist cultures, in healthcare and production and for the democratic leadership type. Our results also indicated a relationship between performance types and the effect of leadership on performance. As such our analysis contributes to our understanding of the relationship between leadership and performance in different national contexts and across sectors, in that national culture is an important moderator in the relationship between leadership and performance. Although only focusing on quantitative correlation studies, our work paves the way for more detailed qualitative research that can further focus on the nature of leadership and its relationship to performance in different cultural settings.
Perceptions of Inequality and Political Participation: The Moderating Role of Ideology
Authors: Silagadze Nanuli , Christensen Henrik Serup , Sirén Rasmus , Grönlund Kimmo
Published: March 2022

While much research has been devoted to the effects of inequality on political participation, little attention has been paid to how different kinds of subjective perceptions of social inequality affect citizens’ political behaviour. This is important since these perceptions shape the message that reaches political decision-makers when addressing concerns over social inequalities. This article differentiates between sociotropic and egocentric perceptions of social inequality and explores to what extent individuals’ perceptions of such inequality affect engagement in institutionalized and non-institutionalized political participation between elections. Engagement was evaluated with a survey among a segment of the Finnish population (n = 1673). Our results indicate that citizens with sociotropic concerns are more likely to get involved in both institutionalized and non-institutionalized forms of political participation, whereas egocentric perceptions have less of an impact. Furthermore, the associations are moderated by left–right ideology: sociotropic concerns are more strongly expressed among left-wing voters, whereas right-wingers are more likely to be propelled to action by egocentric concerns.
Delamination and surface roughness analysis of jute/polyester composites using response surface methodology: Consequence of sodium bicarbonate treatment
Authors: Ravikumar P , Rajeshkumar G , Manimegalai P , Sumesh K R , Sanjay M R , Siengchin Suchart
Published: March 2022

The present research work explores the consequence of eco-friendly sodium bicarbonate treatment on drilling behavior of jute fiber reinforced polyester composites. The fiber surface treatment was done by immersing the jute fibers in sodium bicarbonate solution (10 wt.%) for five days at room temperature. The raw and treated jute fiber composites were produced through compression molding process. The drilling behavior was expressed in terms of delamination factor (at entry and exit) and surface finish. The response surface methodology coupled with three factors—three levels Box–Behnken Design was used to study the interactive effects of process variables (drill diameter, feed, and cutting speed) on delamination factor and surface finish. Furthermore, the significance of the developed model was examined through analysis of variance. The chip morphology of the fabricated composites was examined to assess the quality of the drilled hole. The fractography analysis of the machined surface has also been carried using scanning electron microscopy. The outcomes revealed that the sodium bicarbonate treatment of jute fiber improved the machinability of the composites.