bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medication correction of the main clinical symptoms of generalized periodontitis in patients with different blood groups
Authors: Bandrivsky Yurii , Bandrivska Orysia , Bandrivska Nadiia , Bedenyuk Oleksandr , Kuchyrka Lesia , Zmarko Iuliya
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of treatment of 106 patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) depending on blood type. We determined the effectiveness of treatment by the frequency of detection of the main clinical symptoms (dental plaque, tartar, bleeding, tenderness, gingival hyperemia, serous-purulent discharge, periodontal pockets, pathological tooth mobility, radiological changes in the alveolar membranes) of GP. As a result of applying our proposed therapy, it was found that on day 3–5 after treatment only in patients with blood group 0 (I) of the main group the number of patients with clinical symptoms of GP was significantly less than in the control group (13.58±3.39% of patients vs. 25.69±6.42% of patients, p<0.01, respectively). At 1 month after treatment, there was a significant difference in the presence of clinical symptoms of GP in patients with blood group 0 (I) of the main and control groups (6.17±1.53% vs. 21.58±5.40%, p<0.05, respectively) and with blood group B (III) (8.33±2.08% vs. 22.22±5.56%, p<0.05, respectively). In patients with A (II) and AB (IV) blood groups, the number of patients with symptoms of GP in the study groups did not differ from each other during this follow-up period, p>0.05. After 6–12 months of study, in patients with GP, regardless of blood group, the number of patients in the main group with clinical symptoms of GP was significantly lower than in the control group, p<0.01. The improvement of clinical symptoms in patients with generalized periodontitis indicates a positive effect on the periodontal tissue the medicines we have prescribed.
First blind daddy long-legs spiders from Australia and Réunion (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Authors: Huber Bernhard A. , Meng Guanliang , Clark Huon L. , Cazanove Grégory
Published: July 2023

Daddy long-legs spiders are common inhabitants of tropical and subtropical caves around the globe. Numerous species have evolved troglomorphisms, including the loss of body pigments and eyes. Here we describe the first troglomorphic pholcids from Australia and Réunion. Belisana coblynau Huber & Clark, sp. nov. was extracted from mining boreholes in the arid West Australian Pilbara region. It represents a genus that is widespread in tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia, reaching the tropical north and east of Australia. Belisana coblynau is thus presumably a relict whose epigean ancestor lived in the area before the aridification of Australia starting in the early Cenozoic. Buitinga ifrit Huber & Cazanove, sp. nov. was collected in Grotte de La Tortue on Réunion, one of the oldest lava tubes on the island (~300,000 years). Congeneric species are known from East Africa, and the genus does not seem to have reached Madagascar. Since Pholcidae do not balloon, the now extinct epigean ancestor of Buitinga ifrit probably reached the island by highly accidental means (such as rafts or storms).
Korean treatment recommendations for patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Seo Mi Ryoung , Yeo Jina , Park Jun Won , Lee Yeon-Ah , Lee Ju Ho , Kang Eun Ha , Ji Seon Mi , Kwon Seong-Ryul , Kim Seong-Kyu , Kim Tae-Jong , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Hye Won , Park Min-Chan , Shin Kichul , Lee Sang-Hoon , Lee Eun Young , Cha Hoon Suk , Shim Seung Cheol , Yoon Youngim , Lee Seung Ho , Lim Jun Hong , Baek Han Joo ,   on behalf of the Korean Society of Spondyloarthritis Research
Published: July 2023

We aimed to develop evidence-based recommendations for treating axial spondylarthritis (axSpA) in Korea. The development committee was constructed, key clinical questions were determined, and the evidence was searched through online databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, KoreaMed, and Kmbase. Systematic literature reviews were conducted, quality of evidence was determined, and draft recommendations were formulated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations methodology. Recommendations that reached 80% consensus among a voting panel were finalized. Three principles and 21 recommendations were determined. Recommendations 1 and 2 pertain to treatment strategies, regular disease status assessment, and rheumatologist-steered multidisciplinary management. Recommendations 3 and 4 strongly recommend patient education, exercise, and smoking cessation. Recommendations 5–12 address pharmacological treatment of active disease using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, sulfasalazine, biologics, and Janus kinase inhibitors. Recommendations 13–16 address treatment in stable disease. We suggest against spa and acupuncture as therapies (Recommendation 17). Recommendations 18 and 19 pertain to total hip arthroplasty and spinal surgery. Monitoring of comorbidities and drug toxicities are recommended (Recommendations 20 and 21). Recommendations for axSpA treatment in a Korean context were developed based on comprehensive clinical questions and evidence. These are intended to guide best practice in the treatment of axSpA.
Perceived barriers and benefits to promoting science and engineering by university lecturers through outreach lectures to secondary school students
Authors: Fuentes-del-Burgo Joaquín , Sánchez-Tomás Juan Manuel , Ballesteros Garrido José Antonio , Castilla-Pascual Francisco Javier , González-Geraldo José Luis
Published: July 2023

Lectures on science and technology constitute one of the most noteworthy activities used to promote STEM-related degrees (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). This research seeks to identify the factors that pose an obstacle to promoting science and engineering via scientific and technical lectures to secondary school students, as well as their positive aspects, based on the experiences of teaching staff who conduct such lectures. An exploratory study consisting of 16 interviews was conducted with lecturers of different ages, qualifications and academic profiles at the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). The software ATLAS.ti was used to perform the qualitative analysis. The results of the interviews reveal obstacles related to secondary schools, the speakers, and the university environment, mainly focusing on organisational aspects. Similarly, positive aspects have been found with regard to students, speakers, the University and society in general, all of which are geared towards promoting these studies and communicating scientific knowledge. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that science and technology lectures may be a good outreach tool, but they require greater organisational and institutional support.
Lyapunov approach to manifolds stability for impulsive Cohen–Grossberg-type conformable neural network models
Authors: Stamov Trayan , Stamov Gani , Stamova Ivanka , Gospodinova Ekaterina
Published: July 2023

In this paper, motivated by the advantages of the generalized conformable derivatives, an impulsive conformable Cohen–Grossberg-type neural network model is introduced. The impulses, which can be also considered as a control strategy, are at fixed instants of time. We define the notion of practical stability with respect to manifolds. A Lyapunov-based analysis is conducted, and new criteria are proposed. The case of bidirectional associative memory (BAM) network model is also investigated. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the established results.
Lectotypifications in Meliosma (Sabiaceae)
Authors: Morales J. Francisco
Published: July 2023

As part of the treatment of Meliosma (Sabiaceae) for Flora Mesoamericana, four lectotypes are selected for Lorenzanea dentata var. minor Liebm., L. ira Liebm., L. grandifolia Liebm., and L. vernicosa Liebm., and four second-step lectotypifications are performed for Lorenzanea dentata Liebm., L. glabrata Liebm., Meliosma donnellsmithii Urb., and M. tonduzii Donn.Sm.
La fragmentación del ensamblaje cultural urbano de Monterrey, México (2008-2017)
Authors: Rodriguez-Medina Leandro , López-Cuenca Alberto , Ismael-Simental María Emilia
Published: July 2023

Las formas en que la cultura y la ciudad se interrelacionan han sido exploradas en la literatura de la geografía social, cultural y política. El foco suele ponerse en aquellas ciudades globales y en los proyectos culturales estelares que operan de modelo más allá de las especificidades de cada caso. Menos énfasis, sin embargo, se ha puesto en ciudades de tamaño e internacionalización intermedia, como las que se abordan aquí, y menos aún si éstas se localizan en países en desarrollo. A partir de un estudio cualitativo de más de tres años efectuado en ciudades mexicanas, el presente artículo condensa los hallazgos realizados sobre Monterrey, Nuevo León. El trabajo muestra las formas en que se ha ido reconfigurando lo que hemos denominado ensamblaje cultural urbano a partir del incremento de la violencia en el espacio público como consecuencia de la denominada “guerra contra el narcotráfico”. Así, de los dos procesos que conforman teóricamente todo ensamblaje cultural urbano (estabilización y antagonismo), Monterrey emerge como una ciudad en tensión en la cual fuertes tendencias a la securitización, clusterización y gentrificación se oponen a iniciativas autogestivas e independientes que se disputan, entre otras cosas, la propia idea de cultura.
Optimizing Transition Outcomes for DHH Students
Authors: Luft Pamela , Reynolds Matt
Published: July 2023

Transition planning for many students with disabilities is not achieving the desired outcomes, nor is it meeting national mandates. Yet, the purpose of all educational programming is to produce well-educated adults who are prepared to meet society expectations for work and engagement in their communities. Students with disabilities who do not receive needed transition services often experience barriers and are not able to achieve equitable employment or community participation. A number of systematic and teacher preparation issues contribute to this gap in outcomes achievement. This chapter presents a case study of a transition-age deaf and hard of hearing student whose transition plan lacks important interagency collaboration, and appropriate postsecondary, employment, and independent living goals based on her preferences. This provides an opportunity for readers, through a series of guided questions and access to resources, to create an improved and high-quality transition plan.
Ecological Degradation Within the Context of Consumption
Authors: Çizer Ece Özer
Published: July 2023

This study examines the evolution of ecological degradation within the context of consumption in the past three decades. The study used the R Studio program to conduct a bibliometric meta-analysis. The data set consists of 2183 articles selected from the Web of Science database by searching the keywords (ALL=(“Ecological Degradation”) AND ALL=(“consum*”)) OR (ALL=(“environmental degradation”) AND ALL=(“consum*”)). Graphics related to annual scientific production, corresponding author's country, most cited countries, most relevant sources, word cloud, word tree, trend topics, and thematic map, which are revealed using the visualization technique, will be included in the study. As a result, this research aims to create a comprehensive framework for articles on ecological degradation within the context of consumption published in the last thirty years.
Sustainable Resource Allocation in Higher Education
Authors: Singha Surjit , Singha Ranjit , Thomas Jishamol , Sabeena G. , Haokip Alphonsa Diana , Natal Melita Stephen
Published: July 2023

Higher education is crucial in moulding individuals and societies for a better future. This chapter examines vital aspects such as resource allocation, faculty development, student support, research and innovation, mental health, STEM education, attitude formation, and quality assurance. Effective administration requires sustainable resource allocation and faculty development to enhance instruction quality. Incorporating technology and mindfulness enrich students' experiences. Mental health support is vital for student well-being. Emphasizing STEM, life skills, and a positive mindset equips students for an evolving job market. Quality assurance ensures consistent education. Resolving these challenges allows higher education institutions to shape the future positively.
Student Teaching for Critical Thinking and Emancipation at the University
Authors: Tshishonga Ndwakhulu Stephen
Published: July 2023

This chapter revisits Freire's teaching and learning philosophy based on emancipatory and liberatory education. Accordingly, this philosophy is anchored on conscientisation and praxis, where students are made aware of their potential to tackle the socio injustices around them. In this context, a classroom or theatre is transformed into a liberatory forum for both students and lecturers to enter into a dialogical engagement in the process of constructing knowledge based on dialogue. The author argues that the critical application of ‘education for liberation' in the context South Africa is imperative not only in producing students who are analytical and critical, but also students who are capable of thinking outside the box, innovatively and creatively, in utilising their acquired knowledge for securing own sustainable livelihood as opposed as job seekers. The chapter obtained its data from students and lecturers, including secondary sources from accredited journals, chapters, and policy documents. University of KwaZulu-Natal was used as case study for this chapter.
The Invisible Incivility Archetype That Is Imploding Higher Education From Within
Authors: Newsum Janice Moore , Thomas Miriam , Crawford Caroline M. , Moffett Noran L.
Published: July 2023

Higher education is an intriguing realm within which to journey, referred to as the ivory tower as well as the potential for Dante's levels of hell. Many scholars who walk the halls of higher education institutions enjoy a journey that offers measures of the best and the worst of people. This may suggest the best of humanity as well as the more curious of colleagues in our academic midst. This work's participants reflect upon their scholarly journey, with specific attention upon their experiences and impacts associated with the Queen Bee Syndrome, wherein women may critically impact other women who are either actual or perceived subordinates in the job arena. The participants share their own stories and the stories of others that they have viewed, experienced, and shared.
Perspectives From a Maritime University's Female Faculty
Authors: Ozdemir Pinar
Published: July 2023

Relations among women have always been complex. However, this complexity varies depending on the context and the people involved. Relationships that gain different characteristics in male-dominated environments take on an extra dimension when it comes to the maritime sector. In this study, it is emphasized that the conditions onboard and at school are similar in terms of primary relationships. Based on this, the parallelism between the relationships among women onboard a ship and women faculty members in a maritime university was studied. As a result, it was concluded that the harsh conditions of the maritime field brought women closer together and encouraged them to support each other, and that this support continued in educational institutions. However, there are always exceptions and these exceptions have been given with their causes in this study.
Rethinking Natural Resource Development
Authors: Rachid Ali , Moussaoui Mohamed , Benbba Brahim
Published: July 2023

Environmental changes have accelerated in recent years. We are experiencing the sixth mass extinction. In its report, the MEA concludes that current human activity prevents the ability of ecosystems to sustain future generations for granted. Nowadays, the preservation of biodiversity has taken a notorious place in the diplomatic registers. Finding a solution to this socio-environmental multifaceted problem is at the core of the concept of sustainable development (SD) advocated by science diplomacy, which has become essential to address tensions and conflicts between Global North and South for management of the environment and natural resources. This chapter will address, from angle sustainable development perspective, the multiple relationships complexity between the countries of the North and the South to solve the environment-natural resources-biodiversity challenges, and then explore various approaches and alternatives to boost the natural resource development in order to preserve biodiversity.
Science as a Tool for Diplomacy
Authors: Kado Jacqueline A. A.
Published: July 2023

Science has the potential to become an effective diplomatic tool that can promote global cooperation and enhance diplomatic relations between nations. This chapter identifies the definition and dimensions of science diplomacy and considers the various ways of advancing diplomacy. An overview of the relationship between science and diplomacy is examined while emphasizing its significance in fostering international scientific cooperation in the geopolitical space. The possible benefits of employing science as a diplomatic instrument are then considered, such as supporting economic growth, promoting peace and stability, and solving global issues. Before concluding, the chapter discusses the limitations of science for diplomacy by not only discussing its successes and failures in Africa but draws upon the lessons learnt. Finally, the chapter introduces the role of science academies as new actors for science diplomacy in Africa and concludes with a call to action by scientists and policymakers to utilize science diplomacy for the greater good.
Teaching Science Diplomacy at University Programs for Latin America
Authors: King Luisa F. Echeverría , Piñeros-Ayala Rafael , De Luque-Montaño Olisney , Flores-Zamora Alejandra Fabiola , Pantović Branislav , Figueroa Pedro
Published: July 2023

This chapter aims to analyze the teaching methodologies, purpose, and contents for the implementation of face-to-face science diplomacy courses at postgraduate programs in Latin America. For this, three focus groups were conducted with nine experts in the area. The results found that science diplomacy courses can contribute to the design of better policies because of collaborative work between actors from different areas; furthermore, it contributes to the development of countries in terms of science, technology, and innovation; and it constitutes an ideal scenario for the promotion of interdisciplinary since these courses are not designed specifically for one area of knowledge. Regarding teaching, the importance of approaching the study of science diplomacy from a positive and contextualized approach stands out. Finally, recommended topics include the theory of international relations and foreign policy, and the history of science as a frame of reference for the study of ecosystems of science, technology, and innovation and the development of soft skills.
Blended Learning and Self-Direction
Authors: Adinda Dina , Denami Maria
Published: July 2023

The chapter clarifies the concept of blended learning, starting from its origins, and links the use of education technologies to the improvement of learners' self-direction. Known as a useful personal skill fit to the characteristics of adult learners and their needs, self-direction is essential to promote lifelong learning. A specific study on the use of e-forum is presented in this chapter to address the place of digital technology in blended learning, notably to target learners' self-direction development. The final section of the chapter offers a conclusion resuming the recommendations related to the design and implementation of blended learning to enhance learners' self-direction.
Cultural Competence at Schools
Authors: Argyriadis Alexandros , Efthymiou Efthymia , Argyriadis Agathi
Published: July 2023

Recent research highlights the extraordinary significance of educational leadership for the motivation of teachers about the development of inclusive rationale in the school context. At the same time, due to the increased incidents of violence at schools, the need for inclusion of vulnerable groups seems to be constantly rising, as well as the need to develop cultural competence in both teachers and the student population. The purpose of this study was to measure the cultural competence of educational leaders as well as the effectiveness of their intervention strategies to enhance the cultural competence of teachers. For the study, a mixed method was used using a tool to measure the cultural competence of teachers and at the same time conducting semi-structured interviews with both teachers and leaders. The results of the research showed that there is a gap between the participants' self-assessment of their cultural competence and the effectiveness of the leaders' intervention strategies.
General and Special Educators' Perceptions of Teaching SEN Students in Inclusive Phygital Learning in the UAE
Authors: Hemdan Ahmed Hassan , Cheikhmous Aisha Abdulkader , Mahfouz Mayson
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the literature in relation to perceptions of special and general education teachers about teaching students with special needs in phygital inclusive environments. Different cross-cultural experiences that dealt with this topic were discussed. Also, some focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with general and special education teachers to generate themes that can consolidate our understanding of how teachers address teaching students with special needs in phygital inclusive environments. The FGDs explored teachers' perceptions about teaching during and after the pandemic, how they adapted the students' individualized educational plans, assessment methods, and teaching strategies. Also, the FGDs explored teachers' perceptions in relation to how they addressed the learning loss their students experienced and which innovative strategies they used to address various learning issues. The chapter will include recommendations for teachers and practitioners on how to promote the education of students with special needs in phygital learning.
Examining Students' Satisfaction With and Perception of Inclusion in Higher Education
Authors: Elhoweris Hala , Mohamed Ahmed , Alkarbi Saleha S. , Al Ali Almaha A. , Alhemeiri Bushra A. , Alqahtani Shihana M. , Abdulrahman Taha Y.
Published: July 2023

This mixed methods study examined the perceptions of college students with disabilities (SWDs) on inclusive teaching and learning approaches, social inclusion, and satisfaction. It also explored differences in perceptions of satisfaction regarding the availability of support and the quality of learning among students with and without disabilities. In phase one, two questionnaires were used on 162 female college students (26 and 136 with and without disabilities, respectively). Eight SWDs were randomly selected for unstructured interviews in phase two. Quantitative data analysis showed that the students had positive perceptions regarding inclusion at their university and were satisfied with the support and services provided. However, interviews indicated that the students were not entirely satisfied with some aspects of their inclusion. From these findings, the researchers recommend that the university be more conscious of SWDs and provide non-discriminatory support and services to cater to different abilities.
Is There a New Norm for Online Education?
Authors: duBoulay Doreen
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted education, especially at the tertiary and upper secondary levels, altering the dynamics between learners and educators. However, this situation has also brought forth new educational experiences and opportunities. We must explore how to organize and access these opportunities. Shifting away from real-time classrooms to individualized and convenient learning times challenges traditional notions of education and relationships. Yet, we must be cautious about the potential for online education to widen the gap between the privileged and disadvantaged. While access to advanced technology may benefit some, others may suffer. By questioning fundamental assumptions, educational options can be redesigned to be more inclusive and appealing. Disadvantaged learners might struggle with accessing Wi-Fi, but they may already have existing support systems. The pandemic prompts rethinking of what is considered “normal”.
Readiness of Digital Transformation in the Private Sector
Authors: Aji Nadia Syahirah , Norazmi Nurafiqah , Abu Bakar Mohamad Nur Farihin , Yakub Yusrina , Jufri Nurul Wafaa' Wajihah , Almunawar Mohammad Nabil
Published: July 2023

This research aims to identify the stage, readiness, barriers, and drivers of digital transformation (DT) in the local private sector in Brunei. It also aims to analyse whether or not the private sector is ready to transition towards a green economy. The result shows that the readiness of DT in Brunei's private sector is not affected by digital literacy and information use. The three most common barriers to DT are lack of employee rewards, lack of superior incentives in the adoption of digital transformation, and lack of leadership and control in digitalisation. It is found that the factors that drive DT include shifts in the competitive landscape and in policies, the shift of behaviour and expectations of customers and shifts toward digital transformation in the industry. In terms of the green economy, it is found that the government of Brunei has yet to integrate its digital economy to be greener and sustainable as it can position Brunei at a disadvantage in the green economy.
Exploring the Fusion of Magic and Realism in Harris's Chocolat: A Beacon of Hope for Liberation
Authors: Adhikary Ramesh Prasad
Published: July 2023

With an emphasis on the novel's description of magical realism and social reformation, this research paper seeks to study Joanne Harris's Chocolat and its depiction of a society in which the residents strongly regard the so-called Christian orthodoxy. The researcher used a qualitative research method, such as literary analysis, to analyze the novel and explore its themes and motifs. For this, the novel is examined in detail, themes and motifs are identified, and the characters and their interactions are analyzed in detail. The researcher used quotes from the novel to support his claim. The female protagonist, Vianne, challenges this orthodoxy through her chocolate boutique in front of the church and initiates social reformation. The novel explores the negative portrayal of Vianne by the townspeople as a witch, outsider, and atheist, but she overcomes these issues by exposing the hypocrisy of the Christian orthodoxy and advocating for humanity, freedom, and social change through her chocolate shop. The author strikes a balance between magical and realist explanations in her writing. At the same time, the main character possesses a magical ability to intuit her customers' preferences and artfully win their affections. The novel encourages readers to accept the mystical elements of everyday life and scientific rationality. The findings and conclusion of this research is that Harris's Chocolat is a unique blend of magical realism and social reformation, challenging traditional Christian orthodoxy and advocating for a more humane, free, and accepting society.
Manipulation of Stem Cell Fate In Vitro Using Plasmid-Based Transcription Factor Over-Expression Systems
Authors: Athauda arachchi P. M. , Chandran S.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The ability to switch stem cell differentiation fate in-vitro, is a powerful tool that may allow the generation of large numbers of cells that may be required in order to develop biologically engineered tissues and cells required for therapeutic applications such as pharmacological testing of new medications. The transcription factor (“master switch”) Olig2, alone or in conjunction with Nkx2.2, has been implicated as a key cell fate decider for emerging neuro-glial precursors derived from both embryonic stem (ES) cells and from foetal neural stem (FNS) cells. Methods: The in-vitro system of stem cells devoid of exogenous signaling was developed. Stem cells were manipulated by pIRES plasmid vector driven, constitutively expressed Olig-2 or Olig-2/Nkx2.2 transcription factor system introduced into proliferating embryonic or foetal neural stem cells, following a similar embryological temporal p at te r ni n g s e q ue nc e s e e n i n -vi v o. Findings: Successful stem cell fate modification could be achieved in-vitro using the transcription factor overexpression system. Substantially different cell fates were noted in the presence of Olig-2 alone and in combination with Nkx2.2, with the achievement of premature glial differentiation. Conclusion: This method, therefore, may be useful to generate rare live human cells (such as Oligodendroglia or specialised myocardial cells) in-vitro.
Preparation and characterization of Cassava starch/Polybutylene (adipate-co-terephthalate) biodegradable composite film
Authors: Samarakoon S. M. L. R. , Milani M.  D. Y. , Nayanajith L. D. C. , Arachchige R. C. W. , Abeyratne C. P.
Published: July 2023

Extruded biodegradable films based on Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and Cassava starch (CS) at varying weights were prepared, and their relevant properties for packaging applications are here reported. Neither the peak position nor the intensity of the film’s distinctive infrared absorption peaks was altered by the addition of CS to PBAT. Therefore, adding CS to PBAT is solely a physical process. Experimental results show that the increase in CS content, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and the tear resistance of the composite are decreased. The "30% CS” included composite film was selected as the optimized composition since it is cost-effective while acquiring the required physical properties to be a better fit as a packaging material. However, the overall migration of residue on the surface of the “30% CS/PBAT” sample wasn’t in the acceptable range (<10 mg/dm2). Therefore, the developed product is suitable for use as a packaging material except for food packaging. Thus, the extrusion process needs to be further modified to be used as food packaging.
Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunaratne H. Y.
Published: July 2023

This research highlights the critical significance of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) for Sri Lanka's economic development by examining the key factors influencing FDI inflows. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the Chow test, utilizing annual data spanning from 1972 to 2018. Three baskets of independent variables are considered: macroeconomic factors (GDP growth rate, inflation, trade openness, and external debt), infrastructure (communication as a proxy), and qualitative indicators (political rights index).The analysis reveals that external debt negatively impacts short-term FDIs, while trade openness has a positive effect. In contrast, GDP growth rate and inflation prove insignificant in both short and long terms. Infrastructure, represented by communication, demonstrates a long-term positive influence on FDIs, while the political rights index exhibits a negative impact in the short run, displaying the highest level of significance at 1 percent. Furthermore, the Chow test confirms a significant impact on FDI inflows resulting from the civil war in Sri Lanka (1983– 2009). These findings suggest that Sri Lanka can enhance FDI levels by prioritizing trade openness, improving communication infrastructure, and addressing political rights issues. These factors play a crucial role in creating a favorable investment climate and promoting sustainable economic growth. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of political stability and security in attracting foreign investors, as evidenced by the influence of the civil war on FDI inflows.
Impact of High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Self-Efficacy and Proactive Personality on Employee’s Job Performance: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Thavakumar Dilanthy , Jayasekara Padmini
Published: July 2023

This study attempts to present a model in explaining a mechanism which ensures job performance of employees. A series of activities, which were already well researched in an isolated manner in different contexts were incorporated to develop this model. The literature-based data compilation was done to develop this model. Thereby, the Job Demand Resource Model (JD-R model) has been adopted to examine the impact of employees’ perceptions of High-performance Human Resource Practices (HPHRPs) and their job performance through personal resources such as self-efficacy and proactive personality. Therefore, when HPHRPs offer job resources to the employees, they can utilize the resources such as knowledge, skills and ability to build and enhance their personal resources to ensure their job performance in the work context. However, the JD-R model does not enough explain to make the resources connection process by the employees to be different, then resulting in varying their job performance levels. The main aim of this study is to address this lacuna by explaining to what extent employees have perceived that HPHRP has an impact on their job performance through self-efficacy and proactive personality. The main theoretical contribution is that it integrates HPHRPs, personal resources, and employees’ job performance within the same conceptualization by expanding the boundary conditions of the JD-R model. Further, this paper would make theoretical contributions and implications for managers and academics in this field.
Lack of IFN-γ Receptor Signaling Inhibits Graft-versus-Host Disease by Potentiating Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Conversion
Authors: Zhai Naicui , Liu Wentao , Jin Chun-Hui , Ding Yanan , Sun Liguang , Zhang Donghui , Wang Zhaowei , Tang Yang , Zhao Wenjie , LeGuern Christian , Mapara Markus Y , Wang Hui , Yang Yong-Guang
Published: July 2023

IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a controversial role in regulatory T cell (Treg) activity. In this study, we sought to understand how IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) signaling affects donor Tregs following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT), a potentially curative therapy for leukemia. We show that IFN-γR signaling inhibits Treg expansion and conversion of conventional T cells (Tcons) to peripheral Tregs in both mice and humans. Mice receiving IFN-γR–deficient allo-HCT showed markedly reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects, a trend associated with increased frequencies of Tregs, compared with recipients of wild-type allo-HCT. In mice receiving Treg-depleted allo-HCT, IFN-γR deficiency–induced peripheral Treg conversion was effective in preventing persistent GVHD while minimally affecting GVL effects. Thus, impairing IFN-γR signaling in Tcons may offer a promising strategy for achieving GVL effects without refractory GVHD. Similarly, in a human PBMC-induced xenogeneic GVHD model, significant inhibition of GVHD and an increase in donor Tregs were observed in mice cotransferred with human CD4 T cells that were deleted of IFN-γR1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, providing proof-of-concept support for using IFN-γR–deficient T cells in clinical allo-HCT.
The NQR Complex Regulates the Immunomodulatory Function of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Authors: Engelhart Morgan J , Glowacki Robert W P , Till Jessica M , Harding Clifford V , Martens Eric C , Ahern Philip P
Published: July 2023

The gut microbiome and intestinal immune system are engaged in a dynamic interplay that provides myriad benefits to host health. However, the microbiome can also elicit damaging inflammatory responses, and thus establishing harmonious immune–microbiome interactions is essential to maintain homeostasis. Gut microbes actively coordinate the induction of anti-inflammatory responses that establish these mutualistic interactions. Despite this, the microbial pathways that govern this dialogue remain poorly understood. We investigated the mechanisms through which the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron exerts its immunomodulatory functions on murine- and human-derived cells. Our data reveal that B. thetaiotaomicron stimulates production of the cytokine IL-10 via secreted factors that are packaged into outer membrane vesicles, in a TLR2- and MyD88-dependent manner. Using a transposon mutagenesis-based screen, we identified a key role for the B. thetaiotaomicron–encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NQR) complex, which regenerates NAD+ during respiration, in this process. Finally, we found that disruption of NQR reduces the capacity of B. thetaiotaomicron to induce IL-10 by impairing biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles. These data identify a microbial pathway with a previously unappreciated role in gut microbe–mediated immunomodulation that may be targeted to manipulate the capacity of the microbiome to shape host immunity.
PD-L1/BTLA Checkpoint Axis Exploited for Bacterial Immune Escape by Restraining CD8+ T Cell–Initiated Adaptive Immunity in Zebrafish
Authors: Hu Chong-bin , Huang Chen , Wang Jie , Hong Yun , Fan Dong-dong , Chen Ye , Lin Ai-fu , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong
Published: July 2023

Programmed death-ligand 1/programmed cell death 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) is one of the most important immune checkpoints in humans and other mammalian species. However, the occurrence of the PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint in evolutionarily ancient vertebrates remains elusive because of the absence of a PD-1 homolog before its appearance in tetrapods. In this article, we identified, to our knowledge, a novel PD-L1/B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) checkpoint in zebrafish by using an Edwardsiella tarda–induced bacterial infection model. Results showed that zebrafish (Danio rerio) PD-L1 (DrPD-L1) and BTLA (DrBTLA) were differentially upregulated on MHC class II+ macrophages (Mϕs) and CD8+ T cells in response to E. tarda infection. DrPD-L1 has a strong ability to interact with DrBTLA, as shown by the high affinity (KD = 5.68 nM) between DrPD-L1/DrBTLA proteins. Functionally, the breakdown of DrPD-L1/DrBTLA interaction significantly increased the cytotoxicity of CD8+BTLA+ T cells to E. tarda–infected PD-L1+ Mϕ cells and reduced the immune escape of E. tarda from the target Mϕ cells, thereby enhancing the antibacterial immunity of zebrafish against E. tarda infection. Similarly, the engagement of DrPD-L1 by soluble DrBTLA protein diminished the tolerization of CD8+ T cells to E. tarda infection. By contrast, DrBTLA engagement by a soluble DrPD-L1 protein drives aberrant CD8+ T cell responses. These results were finally corroborated in a DrPD-L1–deficient (PD-L1−/−) zebrafish model. This study highlighted a primordial PD-L1/BTLA coinhibitory axis that regulates CD8+ T cell activation in teleost fish and may act as an alternative to the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in mammals. It also revealed a previously unrecognized strategy for E. tarda immune evasion by inducing CD8+ T cell tolerance to target Mϕ cells through eliciting the PD-L1/BTLA checkpoint pathway.
Molecular Mechanisms of Lupus Susceptibility Allele PBX1D
Authors: Park Yuk Pheel , Roach Tracoyia , Soh Sujung , Zeumer-Spataro Leilani , Choi Seung-Chul , Ostrov David A , Yang Young , Morel Laurence
Published: July 2023

Pre–B cell leukemia homeobox 1 (PBX1) controls chromatin accessibility to a large number of genes in various cell types. Its dominant negative splice isoform, PBX1D, which lacks the DNA and Hox-binding domains, is expressed more frequently in the CD4+ T cells from lupus-prone mice and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus than healthy control subjects. PBX1D overexpression in CD4+ T cells impaired regulatory T cell homeostasis and expanded inflammatory CD4+ T cells. In this study, we showed that PBX1 message expression is downregulated by activation in CD4+ T cells as well as in B cells. PBX1D protein was less stable than the normal isoform, PBX1B, and it is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome–dependent pathway. The DNA binding domain lacking in PBX1D has two putative ubiquitin binding sites, K292 and K293, that are predicted to be in direct contact with DNA. Mutation of K292-293 reduced PBX1B stability to a level similar to PBX1D and abrogated DNA binding. In addition, contrary to PBX1B, PBX1D is retained in the cytoplasm without the help of the cofactors MEIS or PREP1, indicating a different requirement for nuclear translocation. Overall, these findings suggest that multiple post-transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for PBX1D loss of function and induction of CD4+ T cell inflammatory phenotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Imbalanced Multiclass Medical Data Classification based on Learning Automata and Neural Network
Authors: Soleimani Masoumeh , Forouzanfar Zahra , Soltani Morteza , Jafari Harandi Majid
Published: July 2023

Data classification in the real world is often faced with the challenge of data imbalance, where there is asignificant difference in the number of instances among different classes. Dealing with imbalanced data isrecognized as a challenging problem in data mining, as it involves identifying minority-class data with ahigh number of errors. Therefore, the selection of unique and appropriate features for classifying data withsmaller classes poses a fundamental challenge in this research. Nowadays, due to the widespread presenceof imbalanced medical data in many real-world problems, the processing of such data has gained attentionfrom researchers. The objective of this research is to propose a method for classifying imbalanced medicaldata. In this paper, the hypothyroidism dataset from the UCI repository is used. In the feature selection stage,a support vector machine algorithm is used as a cost function, and the wrapper algorithm is employed asa search strategy to achieve an optimal subset of features. The proposed method achieves high accuracy,reaching 99.6% accuracy for data classification through the optimization of a neural network using learningautomata.
Towards an IoT and Blockchain-based System for Monitoring and Tracking Agricultural Products
Authors: Truong Tuyen , Phan Chau Minh , Quang Nguyen Huy
Published: July 2023

This paper presents the design and implementation of a monitoring and data collection system for agricultural product preservation during transportation to meet authenticity and traceability requirements. The system is built and performed using blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technology to use and integrate their benefits. This system comprises a private blockchain network built on the Ethereum platform and powered by the GoQuorum protocol, which enables distributed data exchange among members using a common protocol and cryptographic techniques while ensuring the transparency and integrity of the information. A wireless sensor network has been designed and implemented for collecting data from sensors about the storage environment of agricultural products. This study also proposes using LoRa technology to build low-cost wireless communication networks with broad coverage for data collection from sensor nodes mounted to agricultural products. Furthermore, the integrated online map web assists in real-time monitoring and tracing of information on the process of transporting agricultural products, as well as querying data for completed contracts. Experiments were conducted close to the reality of the application’s desire to deploy the system to calibrate and evaluate the functioning, with promising results.
Flood Monitoring and Early Warning Systems – An IoT Based Perspective
Authors: Ahmed Dr Tasneem , Mohammed Siddique  , Mohammad Shahid Husain
Published: July 2023

One of the most frequently occurring calamities around the world is the flood. For flood prone areas or countries, an essential part of their governance is flood management. The necessity to continuously review and analyse the adverse or ambient environmental conditions in real-time demands developing a monitoring system so that floods could be detected beforehand. This paper discusses different Internet of Things (IoT) based techniques and applications implemented for efficient flood monitoring and an early warning system and it is observed that in future, the combination of IoT and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data may be helpful to develop robust and secure flood monitoring and early warning system that provides effective and efficient mapping during natural disasters. The emerging technology in the discipline of computing is IoT, an embedded system that enables devices to gather real-time data to further store it in the computational devices using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for further processing. The IoT based projects that can help collect data from sensors are an added advantage for researchers to explore in providing better services to people. These systems can be integrated with cloud computing and analyzing platforms. Researchers recently have focussed on mathematical modeling based flood prediction schemes rather than physical parametric based flood prediction. The new methodologies explore the algorithmic approaches. There have been many systems proposed based on analog technology to web-based and now using mobile applications. Further, alert systems have been designed using web-based applications that gather processed data by Arduino Uno Microcontroller which is received from ultrasonic and rain sensors. Additionally, the machine learning based embedded systems can measure different atmospheric conditions such as temperature, moisture, and rains to forecast floods by analyzing varying trends in climatic changes.
On nondegenerate Itô processes with moderated drift
Authors: Krylov Nikolai Vladimirovich
Published: July 2023

В статье представлен подход к доказательству параболических оценок Александрова со смешанными нормами для стохастических интегралов в случае сингулярного "умеренного" сноса.
Об асимптотическом подходе к задаче о разладке и экспоненциальной сходимости в эргодической теореме для цепей Маркова
Authors: Borovkov Alexander Alekseevich
Published: July 2023

В предположении, что время до появления момента разладки велико, получена пуассоновская аппроксимация для распределения числа
ложных тревог. Найдены также оценки сверху для вероятности появления "ложной тревоги" на заданном интервале времени. Получено асимптотическое разложение для среднего времени запаздывания сигнала тревоги относительно момента разладки. Для получения этого результата установлена экспоненциальная скорость сходимости в эргодической теореме для цепей Маркова с положительным атомом; цепи такого типа описывают процесс контроля за наблюдаемой системой. С помощью теоретико-игрового подхода найдены асимптотически оптимальные решения задачи о разладке.