bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The image of the luminosity of the divine nature of Christ in the Western European temple decoration of the IV-VIII centuries.
Authors: Khripkova Elena Avenirovna
Published: June 2024

The main subject of this research is the tradition of visual representation of the luminosity of the divine nature in Western European Christian art of the IV–VIII centuries. The objects of study are fragments of monumental temple decorations containing images, both literal and symbolic, of this divine phenomenon, as well as written sources related to the interpretation of these images. The focus of the research is on the Western European artistic tradition of depicting the halo of Christ and its change during the period under review. The purpose of this work, which is the first part of the study, the chronological framework of which covers the period from the IV to the XIII centuries, was to compile a holistic view of the development of the iconographic tradition of representing the theme "I am the light of the world", the luminosity of the divine nature of Christ in the context of the study of the visual language of Western European medieval religious art of the IV–VIII centuries. The visual sources of this work are Christian churches that have preserved the monumental decoration of the IV–VIII centuries, which are located on the territory of Rome, Ravenna, Milan, Naples and surrounding areas. The methodology on which this research is based is represented by typological, iconographic and formal stylistic methods of analysis. The novelty of the present study is a detailed analysis and systematization of various visual representations of the luminosity of the divine nature of Christ, first of all, variants of the image of the halo and their transformation over time. Based on the studied sources, the author has compiled a certain classification picture, which allows forming a holistic view of the formation and development of the artistic tradition of representing this topic.
Bacillus velezensis HBXN2020 alleviates Salmonella Typhimurium-induced colitis by improving intestinal barrier integrity and reducing inflammation
Authors: Wang Linkang , Wang Haiyan , Li Xinxin , Zhu Mengyuan , Gao Dongyang , Hu Dayue , Xiong Zhixuan , Li Xiangmin , Qian Ping
Published: June 2024

Bacillus velezensis
is a species of
Bacillus
that has been widely investigated because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. However, most studies on
Bacillus velezensis
have focused on the biocontrol of plant diseases, with few reports on antagonizing
Salmonella
Typhimurium infections. In this investigation, it was discovered that
Bacillus velezensis
HBXN2020, which was isolated from healthy black pigs, possessed strong anti-stress and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Importantly,
Bacillus velezensis
HBXN2020 did not cause any adverse side effects in mice when administered at various doses (1 × 10
7
, 1 × 10
8
, and 1 × 10
9
CFU) for 14 d. Supplementing
Bacillus velezensis
HBXN2020 spores, either as a curative or preventive measure, dramatically reduced the levels of
Salmonella
Typhimurium ATCC14028 in the mice’s feces, ileum, cecum, and colon, as well as the disease activity index (DAI), in a model of colitis caused by this pathogen in mice. Additionally, supplementing
Bacillus velezensis
HBXN2020 spores significantly regulated cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) and maintained the expression of tight junction proteins and mucin protein. Most importantly, adding
Bacillus velezensis
HBXN2020 spores to the colonic microbiota improved its homeostasis and increased the amount of beneficial bacteria (
Lactobacillus
and
Akkermansia
). All together,
Bacillus velezensis
HBXN2020 can improve intestinal microbiota homeostasis and gut barrier integrity and reduce inflammation to help treat bacterial colitis.
Loss of ninein interferes with osteoclast formation and causes premature ossification
Authors: Gilbert Thierry , Gorlt Camille , Barbier Merlin , Duployer Benjamin , Plozza Marianna , Dufrancais Ophélie , Martet Laure-Elene , Dalbard Elisa , Segot Loelia , Tenailleau Christophe , Haren Laurence , Vérollet Christel , Bierkamp Christiane , Merdes Andreas
Published: June 2024

Ninein is a centrosome protein that has been implicated in microtubule anchorage and centrosome cohesion. Mutations in the human NINEIN gene have been linked to Seckel syndrome and to a rare form of skeletal dysplasia. However, the role of ninein in skeletal development remains unknown. Here, we describe a ninein knockout mouse with advanced endochondral ossification during embryonic development. Although the long bones maintain a regular size, the absence of ninein delays the formation of the bone marrow cavity in the prenatal tibia. Likewise, intramembranous ossification in the skull is more developed, leading to a premature closure of the interfrontal suture. We demonstrate that ninein is strongly expressed in osteoclasts of control mice, and that its absence reduces the fusion of precursor cells into syncytial osteoclasts, whereas the number of osteoblasts remains unaffected. As a consequence, ninein-deficient osteoclasts have a reduced capacity to resorb bone. At the cellular level, the absence of ninein interferes with centrosomal microtubule organization, reduces centrosome cohesion, and provokes the loss of centrosome clustering in multinucleated mature osteoclasts. We propose that centrosomal ninein is important for osteoclast fusion, to enable a functional balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts during skeletal development.
Unraveling the Power of NAP-CNB’s Machine Learning-enhanced Tumor Neoantigen Prediction
Authors: Méndez-Pérez Almudena , Acosta-Moreno Andrés M , Wert-Carvajal Carlos , Ballesteros-Cuartero Pilar , Sánchez-García Rubén , Macías José R , Sanz-Pamplona Rebeca , Alemany Ramon , Sorzano Carlos Óscar S , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Veiga Esteban
Published: June 2024

In this study, we present a proof-of-concept classical vaccination experiment that validates the
in silico
identification of tumor neoantigens (TNAs) using a machine learning-based platform called NAP-CNB. Unlike other TNA predictors, NAP-CNB leverages RNAseq data to consider the relative expression of neoantigens in tumors. Our experiments show the efficacy of NAP-CNB. Predicted TNAs elicited potent antitumor responses
in vivo
following classical vaccination protocols. Notably, optimal antitumor activity was observed when targeting the antigen with higher expression in the tumor, which was not the most immunogenic. Additionally, the vaccination combining different neoantigens resulted in vastly improved responses compared to each one individually, showing the worth of multiantigen-based approaches. These findings validate NAP-CNB as an innovative TNA-identification platform and make a substantial contribution to advancing the next generation of personalized immunotherapies
Compressed sensing based approach identifies modular neural circuitry driving learned pathogen avoidance
Authors: Hallacy Timothy , Yonar Abdullah , Ringstad Niels , Ramanathan Sharad
Published: June 2024

An animal’s survival hinges on its ability to integrate past information to modify future behavior. The nematode
C. elegans
adapts its behavior based on prior experiences with pathogen exposure, transitioning from attraction to avoidance of the pathogen. A systematic screen for the neural circuits that integrate the information of previous pathogen exposure to modify behavior has not been feasible because of the lack of tools for neuron type specific perturbations. We overcame this challenge using methods based on compressed sensing to efficiently determine the roles of individual neuron types in learned avoidance behavior. Our screen revealed that distinct sets of neurons drive exit from lawns of pathogenic bacteria and prevent lawn re-entry. Using calcium imaging of freely behaving animals and optogenetic perturbations, we determined the neural dynamics that regulate one key behavioral transition after infection: stalled re-entry into bacterial lawns. We find that key neuron types govern pathogen lawn specific stalling but allow the animal to enter nonpathogenic
E. coli
lawns. Our study shows that learned pathogen avoidance requires coordinated transitions in discrete neural circuits and reveals the modular structure of this complex adaptive behavioral response to infection.
Single Cell RNA Sequencing Provides Clues for the Developmental Genetic Basis of Syngnathidae’s Evolutionary Adaptations
Authors: Healey Hope M. , Penn Hayden B. , Small Clayton M. , Bassham Susan , Goyal Vithika , Woods Micah A. , Cresko William A.
Published: June 2024

Seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons are fishes from the family Syngnathidae that have evolved extraordinary traits including male pregnancy, elongated snouts, loss of teeth, and dermal bony armor. The developmental genetic and cellular changes that led to the evolution of these traits are largely unknown. Recent syngnathid genomes revealed suggestive gene content differences and provide the opportunity for detailed genetic analyses. We created a single cell RNA sequencing atlas of Gulf pipefish embryos to understand the developmental basis of four traits: derived head shape, toothlessness, dermal armor, and male pregnancy. We completed marker gene analyses, built genetic networks, and examined spatial expression of select genes. We identified osteochondrogenic mesenchymal cells in the elongating face that express regulatory genes
bmp4, sfrp1a
, and
prdm16
. We found no evidence for tooth primordia cells, and we observed re-deployment of osteoblast genetic networks in developing dermal armor.Finally, we found that epidermal cells expressed nutrient processing and environmental sensing genes, potentially relevant for the brooding environment. The examined pipefish evolutionary innovations are composed of recognizable cell types, suggesting derived features originate from changes within existing gene networks. Future work addressing syngnathid gene networks across multiple stages and species is essential for understanding how their novelties evolved.
CCDC113 stabilizes sperm axoneme and head-tail coupling apparatus to ensure male fertility
Authors: Wu Bingbing , Long Chenghong , Yang Yuzhuo , Zhang Zhe , Ma Shuang , Ma Yanjie , Wei Huafang , Li Jinghe , Jiang Hui , Li Wei , Liu Chao
Published: June 2024

The structural integrity of the sperm is crucial for male fertility, defects in sperm head-tail linkage and flagellar axoneme are associated with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS) and the multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). Notably, impaired head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) often accompanies defects in the flagellum structure, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Here, we identified an evolutionarily conserved coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) protein, CCDC113, and found the disruption of CCDC113 produced spermatozoa with disorganized sperm flagella and HTCA, which caused male infertility. Further analysis revealed that CCDC113 could bind to CFAP57 and CFAP91, and function as an adaptor protein for the connection of radial spokes, nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), and doublet microtubules (DMTs) in the sperm axoneme. Moreover, CCDC113 was identified as a structural component of HTCA, collaborating with SUN5 and CENTLEIN to connect sperm head to tail during spermiogenesis. Together, our studies reveal that CCDC113 serve as a critical hub for sperm axoneme and HTCA stabilization in mice, providing insights into the potential pathogenesis of infertility associated with human CCDC113 mutations.
Electrocortical theta activity may reflect sensory prediction errors during adaptation to a gradual gait perturbation
Authors: Jacobsen Noelle A. , Ferris Daniel Perry
Published: June 2024

Locomotor adaptation to abrupt and gradual perturbations are likely driven by fundamentally different neural processes. The aim of this study was to quantify brain dynamics associated with gait adaptation to a gradually introduced gait perturbation, which typically results in smaller behavioral errors relative to an abrupt perturbation. Loss of balance during standing and walking elicits transient increases in midfrontal theta oscillations that have been shown to scale with perturbation intensity. We hypothesized there would be no significant change in anterior cingulate theta power (4–7 Hz) with respect to pre-adaptation when a gait perturbation is introduced gradually because the gradual perturbation acceleration and stepping kinematic errors are small relative to an abrupt perturbation. Using mobile electroencephalography (EEG), we measured gait-related spectral changes near the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, sensorimotor, and posterior parietal cortices as young, neurotypical adults (n = 30) adapted their gait to an incremental split-belt treadmill perturbation. Most cortical clusters we examined (>70%) did not exhibit changes in electrocortical activity between 2–50 Hz. However, we did observe gait-related theta synchronization near the left anterior cingulate cortex during strides with the largest errors, as measured by step length asymmetry. These results suggest gradual adaptation with small gait asymmetry and perturbation magnitude may not require significant cortical resources beyond normal treadmill walking. Nevertheless, the anterior cingulate may remain actively engaged in error monitoring, transmitting sensory prediction error information via theta oscillations.
Estatus Socioeconómico Parental, Involucramiento en el Hogar y Ajuste Escolar en la Adolescencia
Authors: Morales-Castillo Miguel
Published: June 2024

El estatus socioeconómico (SES) parental es reconocido como un factor que afecta el desempeño de los adolescentes en contextos escolares, aunque podría ser necesario considerar las prácticas de crianza para comprender su efecto. A través de la aplicación de cuestionarios a 810 madres y a sus hijos adolescentes (media de la edad=12,74; desviación estándar=0,871) se recolectaron datos en 11 ciudades de Colombia, para analizar en un diseño transversal la relación entre el estatus socioeconómico, el involucramiento parental en el hogar y el ajuste escolar en la adolescencia. Con el uso de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, se encuentra que el SES parental tiene un efecto directo sobre el ajuste escolar de los adolescentes menor que el efecto indirecto a través del involucramiento parental. Considerando los hallazgos, es posible plantear que el involucramiento parental en el hogar media estadísticamente el efecto del estatus socioeconómico parental sobre el ajuste escolar.
The Effect of Active and Receptive Musical Training on Emotional Memory in Preschoolers
Authors: Benítez María Angélica , Diaz Abrahan Verónika , Shifres Favio , Justel Nadia
Published: June 2024

Music training has beneficial effects on the development of various skills in children, whether it is receptive (listening to music) or active (producing music). Although it is known that emotional items are better remembered than neutral ones, this phenomenon remains poorly understood in preschoolers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of music training on the emotional memory of 4- and 5-year-old preschool children. One hundred and forty-eight preschool children from two private kindergartens in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were randomly divided into groups to receive either active or receptive music training. The content was adapted from the educational music curriculum or regular music classes over a period of 4 weeks. Next, they observed 24 neutral and emotional pictures, rated their valence and arousal, and their recall and recognition (immediate and deferred) were assessed. The data was analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The between factors were conditions (control versus active versus receptive) and age (4 and 5), while picture (neutral, positive, or negative) was the repeated measure. The primary findings indicated that children exposed to music training had better mnemonic performance than the control group and they remembered more emotional than neutral images. These results highlight the relevance of music programs in school curricula.
Brecha Digital y Personas Mayores: miradas de las y los Profesionales en Peñalolén (Santiago, Chile)
Authors: Gonzálvez-Torralbo Herminia , Ortiz-Ruiz Francisca , Bravo-Rojas Carla
Published: June 2024

En el mundo digital, no todas las personas tienen la oportunidad de participar activamente. Las personas mayores en situación de vulnerabilidad o exclusión social suelen estar fuera de este mundo; de hecho, en el contexto latinoamericano, la brecha digital se incrementa en este grupo etario. En esta investigación se entrevistaron, a partir de un muestro intencionado, a 23 profesionales que trabajan con personas mayores en la comuna de Peñalolén (Santiago de Chile), con el objetivo de conocer su visión sobre cómo se vive la brecha digital en la vejez en un periodo caracterizado por el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19. Entre los resultados, las y los profesionales destacan dificultades y logros asociados a esta brecha, relativos a la (a) conectividad, vinculadas no sólo con el acceso a internet, sino también, derivadas de conflictos intergeneracionales que se generan en el ámbito privado; (b) digitalización, y acceso a servicios municipales, relativas a los esfuerzos realizados desde el gobierno local y nacional, y, (c) alfabetización digital. En las conclusiones, se tematizan las desigualdades asociadas a la brecha digital y se reflexiona sobre las limitaciones del estudio y propuestas para futuras investigaciones.
Ayurvedic Management of Avascular Necrosis of head of Femur: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Tanika , Kuchewar Vaishali , Yadav Pankaj
Published: June 2024

Avascular Necrosis (AVN) is a pathological condition characterised by a reduction in the blood supply to the subchondral bone, leading to the degenerative condition of the bone, marked by the death of cellular components of the bone. It is also known as osteonecrosis. The epiphysis of long bones at weight-bearing joints is typically affected. All of these conditions have a poor prognosis. In Ayurveda, it corresponds to Asthivahastrotodushtivikara (musculoskeletal disorder) as there is kshaya (necrosis) of asthi (bone) and Majja (bone marrow) dhatu (major structural components of the body). In modern medicine, AVN is managed by the use of corticosteroids and many surgical procedures such as drilling, insertion of prosthetics, or bone grafts. Therefore, Ayurveda provides a conservative line of treatment based on the principle of Asthi-majjagatkashaya (decalcification of bone) caused by abhighatajanyavataprakopa (trauma). A case of AVN with the right femoral head was treated with shaman (oral medications), Sodhana (bio-purification), and bruhmana (rejuvenation) procedures. The therapy provided significant improvements in pain and range of movement of the hip joint, based on the patient’s signs and symptoms before and after treatment. Conservative treatment can give outstanding results, improve the quality of life, halt disease progression, and help manage AVN by tissue regeneration without harmful effects.
Improvement in the Outcome of Urolithiasis Medicine Section Patients using Traditional Indian Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rathi Bharat , Chaudhary Piyush , Rathi Renu Bharat , Lamba Neha , Khan Mujahid B
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Urolithiasis (UL) is a prevalent disorder that significantly burdens the global healthcare system. Except for acute surgical conditions, most kidney stones don’t show any symptoms during presentation. Patients with asymptomatic renal calculi frequently seek alternative treatments. Several Ayurvedic preparations mentioned in Ayurvedic compendia have shown encouraging results in patients after long-term use. However, the results of several Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of Ayurvedic preparations in UL vary. Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of Ayurvedic preparations in patients with UL. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ARP were searched upto August 2023 to recognise applicable studies. The modified Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool was used to determine the RoB for randomised trials. Results: The search retrieved 1459 studies, but only 19 studies were found eligible for inclusion in the study. Statistical analysis revealed a substantial decrease in the number and size of calculi in 178 cases in the intervention group compared to only 101 events in the control group (OR: 3.03, 95% CI; 2.00, 4.61). It also showed a significant reduction in the size of stones, a significant improvement in haematuria with p=0.18, a highly significant improvement in dysuria with p=0.04, and highly significant relief in pain with p<0.0001. Conclusion: This review concludes that Ayurvedic drugs have optimistic results in the treatment of UL. More substantial clinical trials with a larger sample size must be conducted to generate stronger evidence for using Ayurvedic Medicines (AyM) as a treatment choice for UL.
A Prospective Study of Seroconversion Post Covishield Vaccination in COVID-19 Warriors
Authors: Nair Anita Balakrishnan , Roushani Shahriar Bahman , Bhalerao Deepika Shivaji , Kulkarni Sanjeev Gopal , Rajhans Vaibhav Vitthalrao , Vaidya Anagha Subhash , Tajane Savita Baban
Published: June 2024

Introduction: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic in India, two vaccinees were predominantly administered to prevent the spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first vaccine introduced in India was ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield), followed by BBV-152 (Covaxin). In the first phase, Healthcare Workers (HCW) were prioritised for vaccination, given their crucial role in the healthcare system. Aim: To assess the antibody response post Covishield vaccination at specific time intervals in HCWs and to determine the correlation of antibody response with age, gender, comorbidities and blood group. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Dr. Balasaheb Vikhe Patil Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India, over a duration of six months from January 2021 to June 2021. A total of 110 vaccinated HCWs who volunteered were included in this study. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at specific time intervals were assessed using Ortho Clinical Diagnostic’s VITROS 3600 based on the principle of Chemiluminescent Immunosorbent Assay (CLIA). Assessment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total and IgG antibodies was performed at 15 days, one month, one and a half months, two months, three months, and four months postfirst dose of vaccination, or in other words, 15 days and one month after the 1st dose, and 15 days, one month, two months, and three months post second dose of vaccination. For analysis, Pearson’s correlation and a regression model were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 version. Results: Fifteen days post second dose, 110 HCWs (100%) and 109 (99.09%) HCWs turned seropositive for total antibodies and IgG antibodies, respectively. It was observed that the majority of participants (33, 30.27%) with peak IgG levels in the medium range were from the age group of 31-40 years. Overall, there was a negative correlation between age and IgG antibody levels for peak IgG values (r-value=-0.224, p-value=0.019). The peak values were achieved in the majority of participants 15 days post second dose (53.6%). The difference in antibody levels based on gender was not significant (Chi-square value=3.387, p-value=0.184). No significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels was observed between participants with co-morbidities and those without co-morbidities. Participants who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period exhibited robust antibody responses after vaccination. Conclusion: These findings help elucidate Covishield vaccinespecific antibody responses in vaccinees of different age groups, genders, blood groups, and with co-morbid conditions. The vaccine has substantially reduced the burden of disease by preventing serious illness in vaccinated HCWs during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ingestion of Unknown Snake Venom: A Case Report
Authors: Gaur Utkarsh , Gadkari Charuta , Pundkar Aditya
Published: June 2024

Venom from a snake is extremely uncommonly consumed by humans. It can be administered in a variety of ways, including a direct bite on the tongue or other parts of the body, or it can be taken as a venom pill at rave parties. The belief is that upon consumption, it provides virility, a sense of elation, and excitement, among other effects. However, it is more often dangerous to the human body and can even be fatal. Only a very small number of cases have been described in publications. In the present case report, a 36-year-old male patient who was an alcoholic and had a history of psychiatric disease initially arrived with anxiety as a result of having consumed snake venom the day before. As for the patient’s vital signs, they were acceptable. For observation, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit reserved for medicine. However, antisnake venom was not administered. After 24 hours, he was released from the hospital. This is an unusual case where the patient was relatively unharmed after the consumption and didn’t show any obvious lasting effects on the neurological or haematological systems. If the venom is not effectively broken down in the intestines and is absorbed as such, drinking snake venom can have deadly repercussions. The treatment is determined by the features that the patient presents. In the present case, antivenom was not administered, as the need was not justified. However, there may arise situations in other cases where it should be administered sparingly.
Relationship of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Various Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Dyspeptic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patil Swapnil Suresh , Mundada Mayank , Vaishnav Bhumika Suresh , Akhil R , Sharma Shivam , Bamanikar Arvind , Reddy Hansini Raju , Bijju Arun
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), despite its high prevalence in the Indian population, has been subjected to limited studies concerning its potential role as a risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Insulin Resistance (IR). Proposed mechanisms include inflammatory mediators, atherogenic lipid profiles, and vasoconstriction. Aim: To determine the association between H. pylori infection and MetS components, focusing on Highly sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) levels, to enhance understanding and management of these conditions. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India spanning from September 2017 to August 2019. This study involved 100 dyspeptic patients aged 18 years or older undergoing upper Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Data collection included fasting/postprandial blood parameters, serum lipids, hs-CRP, and H. pylori detection via both rapid urease test and Histopathological Examination (HPE). Physical assessments covered height, weight, Waist Circumference (WC), and blood pressure. MetS was evaluated using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Statistical analysis employed unpaired t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Fisher-Exact tests using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: The study of 100 dyspeptic patients, predominantly females, revealed a significant association between H. pylori infection and MetS (p-value<0.001). H. pylori infection was associated with elevated fasting glucose (90.24%) and triglycerides (90.24%) (p-value<0.001). Additionally, individuals with H. pylori infection exhibited higher inflammatory markers (p-value 0.0029). Conclusion: The above findings underscore the potential role of H. pylori as a risk factor for MetS and highlight the need for further research to elucidate mechanisms and implications for preventive strategies and clinical management, offering avenues for improved patient care and outcomes, particularly in addressing cardiovascular health.
The Hidden Powers of Glomalin: Insights into Soil Health and Functionality
Authors: Channavar Vijayakumari Raveendra , Hussain K N Jakir , Vyas Ryali Devi Veda , Malappannavar Nagaraj , Radder Varsha Somaraddi , B R Jagadeesh
Published: June 2024

Agricultural practices such as the application of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides have profound effects on soil, altering its physical and chemical properties and consequently impacting soil biota composition and diversity. Since plant health is intricately linked to soil health, managing soil in a manner that conserves and enhances soil biota can significantly improve crop yield and quality. The rhizosphere, the zone directly influenced by plant roots, harbours high populations of active microorganisms and plays a vital role in plant-microbe interactions. One of the most crucial symbiotic relationships in the rhizosphere is between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF form mutualistic associations with the roots of various plant species, including major crops and contribute to defence against soil-borne pathogens, nutrient cycling and soil aggregation. Glomalin, a glycoprotein secreted by AMF, plays a crucial role in soil aggregation, stability and carbon sequestration. It enhances soil structure, binds with soil particles, stabilizes aggregates and promotes water infiltration and retention. It also plays a role in sequestering toxic metals, reducing their availability to plants and mitigating their harmful effects on soil biota. Managing glomalin in soil involves practices such as minimizing tillage to preserve the hyphal network, maintaining living roots through cover crops to sustain fungal colonization and optimizing nutrient inputs to support fungal activity without overloading the soil. AMF and glomalin play pivotal roles in agricultural sustainability and soil ecosystem functioning, highlighting the importance of conserving and enhancing these beneficial microbial associations for improved soil health and crop productivity.
Development of A Mobile Application in Yoga Therapy for Elderly with Hypertension
Authors: Ruangvanich Supparang , Phoosuwan Manop
Published: June 2024

Aims: 1) to develop mobile application in yoga therapy for elderly with hypertension and 2) to study the use of mobile application in yoga therapy for elderly with hypertension.
Study Design:  A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design and a control design.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Nawamin 9 Hospital in Minburi, between December 2022 and November 2023.
Methodology: An in-depth interview was conducted with 136 patients, 10 developing mobile application specialists and 10 yoga specialists. 400 samples were used questionnaire to find out the need of usage mobile application with random sampling.
Results: First, found that the results of the evaluation of pre and posttest for usage mobile application in both experiment group and control group had the reduced level of the hypertension. Second, content of the mobile application contains learning object of hypertension and yoga exercises that consist of technique of reduce hypertension with no medicine, reduce salt, how to take care yourself, when sick of hypertension, hypertension reduction, recommendation of hypertension and yoga exercises for reduction hypertension.
Conclusion: The quality of this mobile application was at high level and then train 50 hypertension patients. Third, found that the overall satisfaction was at high level.
Determinants of Production and Technical Efficiency of Tilapia Farming in the Philippines
Authors: Rayos Joseph Christopher C. , Macaraeg Niko A.
Published: June 2024

The Philippines' economy depends heavily on the profitability of the tilapia aquaculture industry. The country's tilapia aquaculture still has a significant amount of untapped biophysical growth potential; therefore, more rapid expansion is needed to keep up with the increasing demand for fish. The study examined the variables affecting the technical efficiency of tilapia production in the Philippines. The face-to-face interview method was used to survey randomly selected tilapia farms. The efficiency of the Philippines' tilapia aquaculture was estimated in this study. Overall, the findings of the technical efficiency analysis indicated that all fish producers within the examined regions were functioning below the production frontier. Therefore, to boost productivity and efficiency, it is necessary to thoroughly study the origins of inefficiencies in socioeconomic variables and farm features. The mean technical efficiency, as determined by the maximum likelihood estimation of the stochastic production frontier, is 0.44. The model's outcome showed that area and stocking rate significantly impact tilapia output in a few selected Philippine locales. It was discovered that factors such as the utilization of aeration, adoption of advanced culture method, and access to government support are significant predictors of technical efficiency in tilapia farming. The policy implication is that there are still more opportunities to raise the current level of technical efficiency of tilapia production in the Philippines.
Population Structure of Vermiculated Spinefoot (Siganus vermiculatus Valenciennes, 1835) in the Waters of Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Kantun Wayan , Latief Nursidi
Published: June 2024

Intensive exploitation of vermiculated spinefoot in the Makassar Strait suggests a potential shift in population dynamics. This study aims to examine various biological aspects of the species, such as size distribution, growth patterns, condition factors, sex ratio, gonad maturity, and the size at first gonad maturity. Conducted through a survey method in the waters of the Makassar Strait, the research utilized tickle net fishing gear continuously operated in the area. Findings revealed that male fish had an average length distribution of 18.3 ± 0.325 cm, while female fish measured 19.8 ± 0.496 cm. Both genders exhibited negative allometric growth patterns. The condition factor was 0.999 ± 0.004 for males and 1.001 ± 0.005 for females. The sex ratio appeared unbalanced, with gonad maturity stages ranging from immature to spawning. The size at which males first matured gonads was 21.587 cm, while for females, it was 19.229 cm, indicating faster gonad maturation in females. To ensure sustainability, fishing efforts should target individuals above the size at which gonads first mature.
Determination of Phytochemical Constituents in Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaves Extracts by GC-FID
Authors: J. C. Adindu, , C. U. Ezebialu , D. C. Chukwukaelo, , C.O Okpala,
Published: June 2024

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, commonly called ‘Chaya’ and in Southeastern Nigeria ‘hospital too far’, or ‘catholic vegetable’ is a medicinal plant from the family Euphorbiaceae that has been used since pre-Columbian times as food and in treating diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals present in the ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves, which could be accountable for the plant’s acclaimed therapeutic properties, using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) technique. Cold maceration was used in the extraction process while GC-FID was employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of lunamarine, cardiac glycoside, anthocyanin, spartien, cyanogenic glycoside, flavonones, steroids, keampferol, epicatechin, flavones, oxalate, resveratol, sapogenin, epihedrine, flavan-3-ol, proanthocyanin, naringin, ribalinidine, naringenin, catechin, tannin, rutin, and phytate. However, the extracts did not all contain the same phytochemicals nor quantity of phytochemicals. While the ethanol extract recorded phytate (18.9224µg/ml) as the highest yield, methanol had spartein (17.2035µg/ml) and the aqueous extracts had epicatechin (9.2402 µg/g). The presence of these pharmacologically active substances, which has been researched to have antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties amongst others, supports the efficacy of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves in treatment of various pathologies and use in ethnopharmacology. It also projects Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves as a probable raw material for antibiotic formulation.
Effect of Culture Medium, Growth Regulators and Organic Additives on Shoot Regeneration from Hybrid-Seeds of Phalaenopsis
Authors: Tram Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Hoa Bui Thanh , Diep Pham Hong , Minh Tran Van
Published: June 2024

Aim: The Phalaenopsis Orchid, also known as the Moth Orchid, is a magnificent multicolored big orchid that has become a popular indoor plant and is easily recognized nowadays. The study of identifying the effects of culture medium, growth regulators, and organic additives on shoot growth from regenerated hybrid-seeds of Phalaenopsis is required in the first three months.
Methodology: Shoots from hybrid-seeds of Phalaenopsis germination after 2 months were used as materials. Experiments were designed with the effects of nutrition mediums (MS and VW), BAP, and organic additives in Randomized Complete Block Design (CRD) via evaluation parameters on shoot growth (via number of leaves) and root growth (via root number and root length).
Results: In Experiment 1, after 12 weeks, the number of leaves per shoot on 1/2xMS medium increased from 3.45 to 4.50; and root growth performed better in 1/2xMS medium (4.06 cm). In experiment 2, 1/2xMS medium + 0.05 mg/L BAP showed the highest number of roots per shoot (4.80 roots per shoot). 1⁄2xMS medium and VW medium without BAP showed the longest roots length (4.06 cm and 4.18 cm, respectively). In experiment 3, VW medium + potato showed the highest number of leaves per shoot (8.95 leaves per shoot) and VW medium + coconut water (CW) showed the longest roots length (4.78 ± 0.09 cm). in experiment 4, root growth performed better in medium enriched with CW (4.80 roots per shoot and root length 2.69 cm).
Conclusion:  Both 1/2xMS and VW medium are necessary for shoot from hybrid-seeds growth in the first 6-weeks and VW medium is favored for development of shoot and root after 6-weeks.
Exploring Low Glycemic Index Innovations in Bakery Products: A Review
Authors: Vardhan Soma Harsha , Srujana Baddam , Kumar Sourabh
Published: June 2024

Diabetes can be caused by various factors such as high sugar intake, hormonal imbalances, and genetics. Eating low-GI meals can reduce blood lipid levels, decrease postprandial blood glucose levels, decrease insulin demand, increase colon fermentation, and enhance satiety. The intention and the purpose of this review is to provide insight into the Glycemic Index (GI) and its effects on the human body. Low-GI foods are associated with a decrease in contemporary lifestyle conditions such as obesity, diabetes, some cancers, and heart attacks. This review discusses the significance of low GI foods, the factors influencing GI, and the fundamental processes and strategies for creating low-GI products. Additionally, the review summarizes research trends on the benefits of eating low-GI foods for health. Different formulations of snacks are also discussed, which incorporate several types of flours and fruit pulps that contribute to the reduced GI of the food and increase in fiber.
Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis of Yield and It’s Components Analysis in Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex. Poir)
Authors: Kumar Dharamraj , Ram C. N , Kumar Lav , Kumar Mirtunjay , Choudhary Rishikant , Rani Anjali
Published: June 2024

The current experiment was designed to evaluate the correlation coefficient and path analysis of yield and its components in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex. Poir) among various genotypes. The study involved 35 distinct genotypes, including a control, to measure both quantitative and qualitative traits. It was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, during the summer of 2021. Observations included the node number at first staminate and pistillate flower anthesis, days to anthesis of both flower types, days to first fruit harvest, fruit polar length, fruit equatorial circumference, flesh thickness, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, and total fruit yield per plant. The genotypes were assessed for yield through correlation coefficients and path analysis, indicating promising breeding values as supported by the analysis of variance. Among the 35 genotypes, four yielded significantly more than the highest-performing control, Narendra Agrim.
Performance of Different Hybrids of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Terms of Growth, Yield and Quality
Authors: Poonia Sarjeet Kumar , Topno Samir E. , Bahadur Vijay
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi season 2023, with a view to check the performance of different cucumber hybrids under agro-climatic conditions. The experiment was laid in a randomized block design with eight hybrids and three replicats. The hybrids comprised V1, V2, V3 (LHC 1395); V4, V5, V6 and V7 (CCH-1). From the above experimental finding it was concluded that the hybrid Niyamat performed best in terms of growth parameters like vine length at harvest (182.62 cm), maximum number of leaves (15.93) in earliness in maturity (61.00 days for first fruit harvest). Hybrid CCH-1 performed the best for yield parameters, such as the highest number of fruits per plant (14.59 fruits), maximum fruit length (16.72 cm), fruit diameter (3.60 cm), and fruit yield per vine (2.60 kg/vine). It showed best performance for TSS (3.15 °Brix). The maximum Benefit cost ratio was recorded for Hybrid CCH-1 at 2.13.
Evaluation of Anticancer, Anthelminthic, Anti-Nociceptive, Antidiabetic and Toxicological Investigation of Ludwigia adscendens
Authors: Ritu Tajmim Jahan , Shomudro Hasib Khan , Noor Samia , Tahsin Homaira , Uddin Md. Salah
Published: June 2024

The present research investigated Ludwigia adscendens crude methanol extract invitro anticancer anthelminthic, and invivo anti-nociceptive, antidiabetic and toxicological properties. The coarsely dried plant powder was extracted using methanol. The methanolic extract (MELA) was further tested for anticancer, anthelminthic, anti-nociceptive, antidiabetic and toxicological activities. Cell Viability Assay was used for anticancer testing, and the earthworm assay was used for anthelminthic testing using different concentrations. Antinociceptive tests were done on Swiss albino mice at 200 and 400 mg/kg utilizing a hot plate, acetic acid induced writhing & formalin-induced paw licking tests. Antidiabetic test was done using Blood Glucose Determination test using the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. Acute toxicity was tested utilizing cinnamon oil-induced toxicological tests at 3000, 5000 and 7000 mg/kg. The MELA demonstrated 39.16% inhibition at 1000µg/mL in the Cell Viability Assay. The earthworm died after 6 minutes and 4 seconds in the 100 mg/mL anthelminthic test, whereas Albendazole killed it in 4 minutes and 20 seconds. Hot plate test results were substantial. The formalin-induced nociception test demonstrated strong inhibition rates of 79.54% in the early phase and 74.54% in the late phase at 400 mg/kg, compared to 62.99% and 68.18% for diclofenac sodium. Acetic acid-induced writhing test showed 77.66% of pain inhibition where’s Diclofenac sodium showed 79.61%. MELA inhibited blood glucose level very significantly compared to the standard Glibenclamide. In toxicological testing, 7000 mg/kg killed mice 2/5, whereas cinnamon oil killed 5/5 within 24 hours. The study shows that MELA has moderate anticancer, significant anthelmintic, anti-nociceptive, antidiabetic and mild toxicological properties. They may support the plant's use in conventional medicine to relieve pain, minimize drug intoxication, and prevent cancer, control diabetes and parasitic disorders.
A Comparative Analysis of the Chest X-ray Findings between Pulmonary Tuberculosis Subjects with and without HIV/AIDS at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: F. Ezenekwe Emeka , C. Ajare Enyereibe , C. Onuh Augustine , K. Mgbe Emeka , R. Dim Ngozi , C Chinweike Chike
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquire immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the major health problems in developing countries. It is pandemic and has caused a resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality.
Aims: To document the chest radiographic findings in adult HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with pulmonary tuberculosis before the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, and to compare these with HIV-negative PTB subjects before the commencement of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: Department of Radiation Medicine, university of Nigeria teching hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Nigeria. April 2023 to January 2024
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of chest radiographs of 230 HIV positive PTB subjects matched for age and sex with HIV negative PTB subjects at UNTH Enugu. The finding was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.
Results: Patchy (p=0.018), perihilar and hilar opacities (p=0.001) are more prevalent in HIV - positive PTB subjects when compared with controls respectively. However, the controls had more cavitory lesions (p=0.001). The cavitary lesions were located more in the right upper zone in both groups. Volume loss (p=0.001), reticulonodular opacities (p=0.001) and pleural effusion (p=0.014) were more in HIV - negative PTB subjects.
Conclusion: Patchy, perihilar and hilar opacities provide a high index of suspicion for PTB in HIV - positive subjects.
A Review on Nanotechnology in Food Science: Functionality, Applicability and Safety Assessment
Authors: Haldkar Prabha , Dange Mohini M. , Trivedi Ayushi , Nandeha Nirjharnee , Rathour Suneel Kumar
Published: June 2024

With rising investment and market share, it is anticipated that the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology will change many facets of food science and business. A brief overview of recent uses of nanotechnology in food systems is provided in this article. To present a thorough overview of the advancement and safety evaluation of nanotechnology in the food sector, the functionality and applicability of food-related nanotechnology are emphasized. Food nanotechnology has a lot of potential applications, but because of its unique physicochemical characteristics, there are growing potentials. Consequently, a brief discussion is given to the safety issues and legal requirements pertaining to its production, processing, packaging, and consumption. This paper concludes with a discussion of the prospects for using nanotechnology in active and intelligent packaging.