bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils as regulators of the hematopoietic niche
Authors: Cossío Itziar , Lucas Daniel , Hidalgo Andrés
Published: March 2019

The niche that supports hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow is a highly dynamic structure. It maintains core properties of HSPCs in the steady state, and modulates their proliferation and differentiation in response to changing physiological demands or pathological insults. The dynamic and environment-sensing properties of the niche are shared by the innate immune system. Thus, it is not surprising that innate immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, are now recognized as important regulators of the hematopoietic niche and, ultimately, of the stem cells from which they derive. This review synthesizes emerging concepts on niche regulation by immune cells, with a particular emphasis on neutrophils. We argue that the unique developmental, circadian, and migratory properties of neutrophils underlie their critical contributions as regulators of the hematopoietic niche.
Neutrophils: back in the thrombosis spotlight
Authors: Noubouossie Denis F. , Reeves Brandi N. , Strahl Brian D. , Key Nigel S.
Published: March 2019

Reactive and clonal neutrophil expansion has been associated with thrombosis, suggesting that neutrophils play a role in this process. However, although there is no doubt that activated monocytes trigger coagulation in a tissue factor-dependent manner, it remains uncertain whether stimulated neutrophils can also directly activate coagulation. After more than a decade of debate, it is now largely accepted that normal human neutrophils do not synthetize tissue factor, the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. However, neutrophils may passively acquire tissue factor from monocytes. Recently, the contact system, which initiates coagulation via the intrinsic pathway, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. After the recent description of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release by activated neutrophils, some animal models of thrombosis have demonstrated that coagulation may be enhanced by direct NET-dependent activation of the contact system. However, there is currently no consensus on how to assess or quantify NETosis in vivo, and other experimental animal models have failed to demonstrate a role for neutrophils in thrombogenesis. Nevertheless, it is likely that NETs can serve to localize other circulating coagulation components and can also promote vessel occlusion independent of fibrin formation. This article provides a critical appraisal of the possible roles of neutrophils in thrombosis and highlights some existing knowledge gaps regarding the procoagulant activities of neutrophil-derived extracellular chromatin and its molecular components. A better understanding of these mechanisms could guide future approaches to prevent and/or treat thrombosis.
Cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota
Authors: Zhang Dachuan , Frenette Paul S.
Published: March 2019

The microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of the host immunity by the induction, functional modulation, or suppression of local and systemic immune responses. In return, the host immune system restricts translocation and fine tunes the composition and distribution of the microbiota to maintain a beneficial symbiosis. This paradigm applies to neutrophils, a critical component of the innate immunity, allowing their production and function to be influenced by microbial components and metabolites derived from the microbiota, and engaging them in the process of microbiota containment and regulation. The cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota adjusts the magnitude of neutrophil-mediated inflammation on challenge while preventing neutrophil responses against commensals under steady state. Here, we review the major molecular and cellular mediators of the interactions between neutrophils and the microbiota and discuss their interplay and contribution in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
The lived experience of people with diabetes using off‐the‐shelf prescription footwear in Singapore: a qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Tan Sheena , Horobin Hazel , Tunprasert Thanaporn
Published: March 2019

Background

Diabetic foot ulceration (DFUs) is increasingly prevalent in Singapore. Appropriate management is important since DFU brings with it an associated risk for lower limb amputations, high morbidity rates and costs. Footwear prescription has been a part of clinical guidelines to manage DFUs. However, adherence to prescription footwear is typically poor amongst patients. Reasons for this have been explored in Northern American and Western European studies, but not in Singapore's context. As cultural and climate differences limit transferability of findings from existing studies to individuals in Singapore, this study aims to explore the lived experiences of participants with diabetes using prescription footwear in Singapore.

Methods

This was a qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to understand some people's personal experience of using off the shelf prescription footwear. A total of 8 people with diabetes who received prescription footwear as part of their diabetic foot management were recruited. All participants provided written consent and took part in a semi‐structured interview lasting up to an hour. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using an IPA approach.

Findings and discussion

The analysis identified the super‐ordinate themes of 1) security and 2) acceptance with sub‐themes of 1.1) risk and 1.2) protection and 2.1) personal and social acceptance and 2.2) social and cultural acceptance respectively that inter‐related to influence how participants' made footwear decisions. This process of evaluation was portrayed to be a fluctuant one, making it difficult to predict yet necessary to understand. A modified seesaw model of adherence is suggested to explain this decision‐making process.

Conclusions

The complex manner by which participants grappled with security and acceptance is often overlooked when footwear is prescribed, highlighting a need for a more collaborative clinician‐patient partnership for these issues to surface in clinical practice. Furthermore, prescription footwear should be seen more holistically. Empowering patients with choice to select from a range of therapeutic yet normalised footwear could increase the level of security and acceptance they experience with its use.
Correlation Between Tumor-Specific Mutated and Methylated DNA in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Thomsen Caroline Brenner , Andersen Rikke F. , Lindebjerg Jan , Hansen Torben F. , Jensen Lars Henrik , Jakobsen Anders
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE

Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a potential improvement in precision medicine. In colorectal cancer (CRC), somatic mutations such as RAS and RAF in the blood (mut-ctDNA) are investigated for prognostic and predictive purposes. However, they are only present in approximately 60% of patients. Recently, ctDNA has been detected in patients with RAS/ RAF wild type (WT) by methylated ctDNA (meth-ctDNA). The aim of this study was to compare mutated DNA with methylated DNA in malignant and nonmalignant tissue and plasma from CRC cohorts to establish a universal biomarker for ctDNA in all patients with CRC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Tissue (n = 170) and plasma (n = 147) samples were analyzed for RAS/ RAF mutations and neuropeptide Y methylation by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Tissue originated from nonmalignant WT and RAS/ RAF-mutated adenomas, tumor-adjacent colorectal tissue, and WT and RAS/ RAF-mutated tumor tissue. Plasma samples represented healthy donors and localized and metastatic CRCs.

RESULTS

The level of neuropeptide Y–methylated DNA in the tissue cohorts differed between nonmalignant and malignant/premalignant tissues with minimal overlap. Furthermore, meth-ctDNA was detected in plasma from 100% of patients with metastatic disease, compared with 67% of those with localized disease and 8% of healthy donors. Median fraction of meth-ctDNA in metastatic and localized cancers was 13.25% and 0.04%, respectively. Correlation between mut-ctDNA and meth-ctDNA was high ( r = 0.77 and 0.80 in localized and metastatic settings, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Mut-ctDNA is interchangeable with meth-ctDNA in patients with CRC. On the basis of our results, meth-ctDNA should be considered a universal biomarker in metastatic CRC, but additional investigations of clinical utility are warranted.
Energy Deficiency Suppresses Bone Turnover in Exercising Women With Menstrual Disturbances
Authors: Southmayd Emily A , Williams Nancy I , Mallinson Rebecca J , De Souza Mary Jane
Published: March 2019

Context

In exercising women, energy deficiency can disrupt the balance of bone formation and resorption, resulting in bone loss and an altered rate of bone turnover, which may influence future bone mineral density and fracture risk.

Objective

To assess the effects of energy status and estrogen status on bone turnover.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

The Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University.

Participants

Exercising women (n = 109) operationally defined as energy deficient or replete based on total triiodothyronine concentration and as estrogen deficient or replete based on menstrual cycle history and reproductive hormone metabolites.

Main Outcome Measures

Bone formation index [procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) concentration corrected for average P1NP concentration in healthy reference group, i.e., [P1NP]i/median [P1NP]ref], bone resorption index [serum C-terminal telopeptide (sCTx) concentration corrected for average sCTx concentration in healthy reference group, i.e., [sCTx]i/median [sCTx]ref], bone balance (ratio of bone formation index to bone resorption index to indicate which process predominates), and bone turnover rate (collective magnitude of bone formation index and bone resorption index to indicate overall amount of bone turnover).

Results

The combination of energy and estrogen deficiency resulted in less bone formation and a lower rate of bone turnover compared with women who were estrogen deficient but energy replete. Regardless of estrogen status, energy deficiency was associated with decreased bone resorption as well. No main effects of estrogen status were observed.

Conclusions

The results highlight the critical role that adequate energy plays in the regulation of bone turnover, especially bone formation, in exercising women with menstrual disturbances.
Dietary Calcium Intake and Bone Loss Over 6 Years in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Bristow Sarah M , Horne Anne M , Gamble Greg D , Mihov Borislav , Stewart Angela , Reid Ian R
Published: March 2019

Context

Calcium intakes are commonly lower than the recommended levels, and increasing calcium intake is often recommended for bone health.

Objective

To determine the relationship between dietary calcium intake and rate of bone loss in older postmenopausal women.

Participants

Analysis of observational data collected from a randomized controlled trial. Participants were osteopenic (hip T-scores between −1.0 and −2.5) women, aged >65 years, not receiving therapy for osteoporosis nor taking calcium supplements. Women from the total cohort (n = 1994) contributed data to the analysis of calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline, and women from the placebo group (n = 698) contributed data to the analysis of calcium intake and change in BMD. BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) of the spine, total hip, femoral neck, and total body were measured three times over 6 years.

Results

Mean calcium intake was 886 mg/day. Baseline BMDs were not related to quintile of calcium intake at any site, before or after adjustment for baseline age, height, weight, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking status, and past hormone replacement use. There was no relationship between bone loss and quintile of calcium intake at any site, with or without adjustment for covariables. Total body bone balance (i.e., change in BMC) was unrelated to an individuals’ calcium intake (P = 0.99).

Conclusions

Postmenopausal bone loss is unrelated to dietary calcium intake. This suggests that strategies to increase calcium intake are unlikely to impact the prevalence of and morbidity from postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Characterization of high- and low-risk hepatocellular adenomas by magnetic resonance imaging in an animal model of glycogen storage disease type 1A
Authors: Resaz Roberta , Rosa Francesca , Grillo Federica , Basso Luca , Segalerba Daniela , Puglisi Andrea , Bosco Maria Carla , Mastracci Luca , Neumaier Carlo E. , Varesio Luigi , Eva Alessandra
Published: March 2019

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign tumors, of which the most serious complications are hemorrhage and malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among the various subtypes of HCA, the β-catenin-activated subtype (bHCA) is associated with greatest risk of malignant transformation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool to differentiate benign and malignant hepatic lesions, and preclinical experimental approaches may help to develop a method to identify MRI features associated with bHCA. HCAs are associated with various pathologies, including glycogen storage disease 1a (GSD1a). Here, we utilized a mouse model for GSD1a that develops HCA and HCC, and analyzed the mice in order to distinguish low-risk from high-risk tumors. Animals were scanned by MRI using a hepato-specific contrast agent. The mice were sacrificed after MRI and their lesions were classified using immunohistochemistry. We observed that 45% of the animals developed focal lesions, and MRI identified four different patterns after contrast administration: isointense, hyperintense and hypointense lesions, and lesions with peripheral contrast enhancement. After contrast administration, only bHCA and HCC were hypointense in T1-weighted imaging and mildly hyperintense in T2-weighted imaging. Thus, high-risk adenomas display MRI features clearly distinguishable from those exhibited by low-risk adenomas, indicating that MRI is a reliable method for early diagnosis and classification of HCA, necessary for correct patient management.
Nucleotide exchange factor Rab3GEP requires DENN and non-DENN elements for activation and targeting of Rab27a
Authors: Sanzà Paolo , Evans Richard D. , Briggs Deborah A. , Cantero Marta , Montoliu Lluis , Patel Shyamal , Sviderskaya Elena V. , Itzen Aymelt , Figueiredo Ana C. , Seabra Miguel C. , Hume Alistair N.
Published: March 2019

Rab GTPases are compartment-specific molecular switches that regulate intracellular vesicular transport in eukaryotes. GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs) control Rab activation, and current models propose that localised and regulated GEF activity is important in targeting Rabs to specific membranes. Here, we investigated the mechanism of GEF function using the Rab27a GEF, Rab3GEP (also known as MADD), in melanocytes as a model. We show that Rab3GEP-deficient melanocytes (melan-R3GKO) manifest partial disruption of melanosome dispersion, a read-out of Rab27a activation and targeting. Using rescue of melanosome dispersion in melan-R3GKO cells and effector pull-down approaches we show that the DENN domain of Rab3GEP (conserved among RabGEFs) is necessary, but insufficient, for its cellular function and GEF activity. Finally, using a mitochondrial re-targeting strategy, we show that Rab3GEP can target Rab27a to specific membranes in a GEF-dependent manner. We conclude that Rab3GEP facilitates the activation and targeting of Rab27a to specific membranes, but that it differs from other DENN-containing RabGEFs in requiring DENN and non-DENN elements for both of these activities and by lacking compartment-specific localisation.
Shear wave elastography in differentiating between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Yoshihiko , Ogura Ichiro
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

To evaluate shear wave elastography in differentiating between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral carcinoma.

Methods:

77 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were examined by B-mode and shear wave elastography with a 14 MHz linear transducer. The integrated shear wave elastography software allowed the operator to place regions of interest of various sizes within the elastography window, and automatically displayed shear elastic modulus data (kPa) for each region of interest. The relationship between size and shear elastic modulus of cervical lymph nodes was assessed by Pearson's rank correlation test. The shear elastic modulus of cervical lymph nodes in benign and malignant were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test. The analyses were used with a 5% significance level.

Results:

We plotted shear elastic modulus (X) against minimal axial diameter of cervical lymph nodes (Y), and observed a significant correlation [ Y = 0.091 X + 4.648 (R2 = 0.603, p = 0.000, N = 77)]. Furthermore, the shear elastic modulus of the malignant cervical lymph nodes (105.9 ± 5.2 kPa) was higher than that of benign (11.9 ± 4.4 kPa, p = 0.000).

Conclusions:

The shear wave elastography is an effective technique for the objectively and quantitatively diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases of the oral carcinoma.
A declaração do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional frente às consequentes externalidades negativas
Authors: Rosa André Luís Cateli , Carmo Valter Moura do
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo visa a abordar a validade da teoria do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional frente ao ordenamento jurídico pátrio. Para tanto, demonstra a gênese dessa teoria por meio de sua aplicação pela Corte Constitucional colombiana e a forma pela qual foi acolhida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, tudo levando em consideração fundamentos da República Federativa do Brasil, consagrados pela Constituição Federal, tais como democracia e igualdade, sem prejuízo de análise da eficiência, da qual devem se revestir todas as decisões da administração pública. Com o intuito de se verificar a validade da teoria diante dos termos propostos, utiliza como sistema de referência “Direito e Economia”, que analisa as externalidades proporcionadas em função da aplicação das leis e orienta para que se concretize da forma que proporcione maior eficiência, levando-se em consideração o diálogo entre Direito e Economia, sem prejuízo de se observar o ordenamento jurídico vigente. Destarte, uma criteriosa revisão de literatura e jurisprudência foi utilizada no estudo. Tais consequências são apresentadas na investigação, vinculadas à apreensão da análise econômica do Direito, às externalidades, aos direitos sociais e ao Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional. Após a análise pontual de tais institutos, procedeu-se com sua integração para sobejar a presente proposta interpretativa, núcleo vital deste estudo. O raciocínio teleológico, portanto, progride rumo à mescla desses institutos. Em conclusão, verificou-se que a teoria encontra obstáculos para prosperar frente aos dispositivos que balizam a Constituição Federal de 1988.
A rare presentation of Kikuchi Disease with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Khan Salwa Tauseeq , Naqvi Rubina , Rashid Rahma , Naqvi Sana Abbas
Published: March 2019

Kikuchi disease (KD) or also known as Kikuchi Fujimoto disease is named after scientists Kikuchi and Fujimoto who describe the disease in Japan in 1972. KD originally reported from Asia but later case reports from different regions of world have been published. It is a benign condition of necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis which mimic like Lymphoma, diagnosis of KD is based on histo-pathological findings from lymphnodes. It is a rare condition and mostly case reports have been published, it can have an association with other pathologies. We aim to report a case where KD has been found in a young woman in association with hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute kidney injury.

How to cite this:Khan ST, Naqvi R, Rashid R, Naqvi SA. A rare presentation of Kikuchi Disease with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):586-588. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.735

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Traffic management in cities
Authors: Андреева Елена , Andreeva Elena , Бёттгер Кристиан , Bettger Kristian , Белкова Екатерина , Belkova Ekaterina , Бурмистров Андрей , Burmistrov Andrey , Гизатуллин Рустам , Gizatullin Rustam , Горев Андрей , Gorev Andrey , Душкин Роман , Dushkin Roman , Жанказиев Султан , Zhankaziev Sultan , Жарков Алексей , Zharkov Aleksey , Колосова Татьяна , Kolosova Tat'yana , Кузнецов Андрей , Kuznecov Andrey , Курочкин Евгений , Kurochkin Evgeniy , Курц Валентина , Kurc Valentina , Морозов Всеволод , Morozov Vsevolod , Прохоров Андрей , Prohorov Andrey , Солодкий Александр , Solodkiy Aleksandr , Швецов Владимир , Shvecov Vladimir
Published: March 2019

The monograph is devoted to the consideration of issues relevant to the vast majority of cities-the organization and management of traffic flows to improve the mobility of the population, increase the speed and reduce the cost of transportation of passengers and goods, reduce the burden on the environment, etc.
The book provides an overview of existing models, methods and tools for modeling and managing traffic flows in cities.
The author identifies the main modern challenges to sustainable development of urban transport systems, which should be taken into account in the development of urban traffic management system.
The authors substantiate the need for a systematic approach in the development of traffic management systems in cities and propose a practical tool for its implementation — an integrated digital platform for urban traffic management. Describes the experience of creation and application of an integrated automated control system of traffic management TransInfo and its improved version RITM, for the city of Moscow. In conclusion, the forecast of further development of research and development in the field of modeling and management of transport mobility is given.
The book is of interest to a wide range of readers involved in the modeling and management of traffic flows, experts in the field of transport planning, scientists, engineers, economists and mathematicians, as well as graduate students and engineering students.
The Effect of Biofertilizers on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Development Yield and Fiber Technological Properties
Authors: Abdulla Dilman Osman , Karademir Cetin
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biofertilizer application on cotton yield, cotton growth and fiber technological properties. This study was carried out at faculty of agriculture, department of field crops, Siirt University, Turkey during 2017 cotton growing season. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications. Stoneville 468 cotton cultivar was used as plant material. In this experiment Coton Plus and Mega Flu have been used as biofertilizers to increase cotton yield and technological properties as opposed to the utilization of chemical fertilizer. Further, Cotton Plus is mixed microbial fertilizer which contains Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus azotofixans while Mega Flu contains three different genera of bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas fluorences. The results of study indicated that there were significant differences between biofertilizers applications in terms of seed cotton yield, lint yield, ginning percentage, the number of monopodial branches, but there were non-significant differences observed in terms of lint quality characteristics except fiber elongation. The best results obtained from the application of biofertilizers at seed + square +flowering +boll formation periods. Comparing with control 1350 kg ha-1 higher yield was obtained from Coton-Plus application. Significant seed cotton yield and lint yield obtained by using few times biofertilizers at different growing stages (seed +squaring + flowering +boll forming stages). These findings indicated that yield increasing can be achieved by using biofertilizers few times instead of one time.
The Importance of Early Physical Therapy in Tibial Plateau Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Marchioni Victoria , Veiga Quemelo Paulo Roberto
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures are complex condition that affect functional knee movement. The case report would draw attention to the importance of early physical therapy in these cases.
Case report: A 33-year-old Brazilian man, had a motorcycle accident that resulted in a right tibial plateau fracture. After three months post-op of osteosynthesis patient came to start the rehabilitation process.
Results: During the physical therapy evaluation, we observed an important capsular restriction with reduction of the motion range (just 15º right knee flexion), and muscular hypotrophy of right lower limb. Late rehabilitation process included: active and passive mobilization of knee; progressive discharge of weight in right lower limb; progressive muscle strengthening of the right lower limb and proprioceptive training. After three months of rehabilitation, we observed little improvement in knee range of motion (35º right knee flexion), and improvement of muscle strength and gait.
Conclusion: In Brazil, motorcycle accidents that result in the fracture of the lower limb are frequent. In this report, the difficulties and complications of the late rehabilitation process were observed. This case report seeks to draw attention to the future inclusion of physical therapy in hospital routines, along with the referral of patients to early clinical rehabilitation process with the objective of obtaining optimal recovery of these patients.
Modeling Aerially Applied Sprays: An Update to AGDISP Model Development
Authors: Teske Milton E. , Thistle Harold W. , Fritz Bradley K.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. AGDISP (AGricultural DISPersal) models the release of aerially applied sprays with a Lagrangian-based droplet tracking algorithm initialized by user inputs (aircraft description, spray boom nozzle locations, drop size distribution, spray material properties, release height, and meteorology). The model offers an extensive set of output plots and toolbox options (deposition, spray block, stream, and multiple application assessments) to predict the downwind behavior of released sprays and assess their potential environmental impact. The model is used in risk analysis, operational planning, post-operation analysis, and training, particularly by the USDA Forest Service (FS) and its cooperators, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Department of Defense, and various other state and private entities. This article updates the further development of the model since 2003, including the implementation of a quadratic droplet evaporation model and its behavior as Reynolds number approaches zero, a more accurate time step algorithm tied to droplet settling velocity, an optical canopy model, a Gaussian model for far-field extension (downwind to 20 km), an Eulerian model for tracking volatile active spray material, and the Tier 1 ground and orchard assessments previously developed by the Spray Drift Task Force (SDTF). Keywords: Aerial application, AGDISP, Model, Spray drift.
An Algorithmic Approach to Nutritional Difficulties in People With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Chennubhotla Suma , Hertog Rebecca , Williams John E. , Hanna Debra , Abell Thomas L.
Published: March 2019

With the increasing survival rate of people with developmental disabilities into adulthood and later life, nutritional support and feeding of these individuals frequently becomes a critical problem which must be addressed by their caregivers and healthcare providers. Problems surrounding mealtimes include difficulty with the mechanisms of feeding as well as medical complications including aspiration and gastrointestinal dysmotility. No comprehensive guidelines exist to aid caregivers and healthcare providers regarding the issues in feeding and nutrition in this population. We offer an algorithmic approach to the nutrition-related problems of aspiration, laborious meals and mealtime refusal, choosing the best route for tube feeding, and when to return patients with developmental disabilities back to oral feeding.
Service-Learning and Students With Severe Disabilities: Examining Participation and Curricular Goals
Authors: Bonati Michelle L. , Dymond Stacy K.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this case study was to examine how students with severe disabilities participated in service-learning at a food pantry and the curricular goals they addressed. Service-learning is a form of experiential learning that blends classroom instruction with community service. Participants included 3 high school students with severe disabilities enrolled in a private faith-based school, 5 school staff, and the food pantry coordinator. Data were collected over a 6-month period from observations, interviews, and a focus group. Findings indicate students partially participated in service-learning with supports using a strengths-based approach. Barriers to participation included unclear paraprofessionals' roles, uncertain project priorities, and insufficient supports for communication and behavior. Curricular goals addressed emphasized Jewish values and functional skills. An extension of Furco's service-learning theoretical model is proposed to conceptualize service-learning as being situated along a continuum from supported volunteering to vocational training.
Supporting Families Through the Charting the LifeCourse Framework
Authors: Gotto George S. , Reynolds Michelle C. , Palmer Susan B. , Chiang Danielle F.
Published: March 2019

Supporting families who have family members with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) as they move through life is a critical need (Reynolds, Palmer, & Gotto, 2018). The phrase, supporting families, juxtaposes the typical family support paradigm in response to the ongoing shrinkage of federal and state dollars and the recognition that parents and caregivers need services and supports to support their family member with IDD at home (Amado, Stancliffe, McCarron, & McCallion, 2013). Within the family support movement, families are defined in the broadest terms, including those living in the same household, people who are affiliated by birth or choice, and others in the role of helping individuals with IDD succeed in life (Reynolds et al., 2015; Turnbull, Turnbull, Erwin, Soodak, & Shogren, 2015).
In Their Own Words: Perceptions and Experiences of Bullying Among Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Griffin Megan M. , Fisher Marisa H. , Lane Laurel A. , Morin Lindsay
Published: March 2019

Despite the high incidence of bullying among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), little research has been conducted with people with IDD as participants reporting their own perceptions and experiences of bullying. To address this shortcoming, we interviewed 18 adults with IDD regarding these issues. Four major themes emerged from our qualitative analysis of the transcribed interviews: (a) bullying is hurtful, (b) why people bully, (c) bullying takes many forms, and (d) bullying can happen anywhere. Though participants' definitions of bullying and explanations for why people bully aligned well with traditional understandings, several reported incidents of bullying were discrepant from the traditional definition, including incidents of abuse and rude behavior. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Description of Routes in People With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Courbois Yannick , Mengue-Topio Hursula , Blades Mark , Farran Emily K. , Sockeel Pascal
Published: March 2019

The ability to describe routes was assessed in participants with intellectual disability (ID) and participants without ID matched on chronological age (CA) or on mental age (MA). In two experiments, participants learned a route through a virtual environment until they reached a learning criterion. They were then asked to externalize their spatial knowledge in a verbal description task, a landmark recognition task, or a map completion task. Results revealed that participants with ID mainly described the route as a succession of actions (“turn left”), and participants in the CA group prescribed actions referring to a landmark (“turn left at the swing”). Yet, results from the other tasks showed that people with ID had good landmark knowledge of the environment.
Peer Tutoring to Support Inclusion of Students With the Most Significant Cognitive Disabilities at the Secondary Level
Authors: Malone Kalley W. , Fodor Julie A. , Hollingshead Aleksandra
Published: March 2019

Inclusion of students with the most significant cognitive disabilities is a complex topic in special education. This study, conducted in a typical junior high school setting, examined the use of peer tutors to support three students with the most significant cognitive disabilities in a general education teen living classroom. Using a single-subject ABA design, researchers examined if the use of peer tutors would result in increased engagement and participation of students with cognitive disabilities. Researchers measured student engagement as writing, orienting to the instruction, talking to peers about the activity, raising hand to speak, or reading instructional materials. During instruction, target students were prompted through a visual checklist to ask their peer tutors questions or for help when needed. Results showed an increase in engagement during the intervention, which was maintained when peers withdrew prompting. During the maintenance phase, the target students continued to ask peers for assistance and assist each other, thus explaining the maintenance of engagement rather than reversal to baseline levels. This initial study lends support for the use of peer tutors to encourage inclusion of secondary students with the most significant cognitive disabilities.
Engaging Preservice Teachers in Universal Design for Learning Lesson Planning
Authors: Owiny Ruby L. , Hollingshead Aleksandra , Barrio Brenda , Stoneman Katlyn
Published: March 2019

General education teachers often feel unprepared to serve the needs of students with disabilities, including those with intellectual disability, because many teacher preparation programs do not adequately prepare teachers for the diverse classrooms they will encounter. With the increase of inclusion for students with disabilities, it is imperative that teachers develop the necessary skills for engaging all students, including those with intellectual disability, in meaningful instruction. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) can assist teachers in designing instruction that meets the needs of their diverse learners. The current study consisted of two parts. First, researchers surveyed preservice teachers on their perceptions of including students with disabilities in their future classrooms before and after instruction in UDL. Second, researchers analyzed preservice teachers' ability to design lessons using the principles of UDL. Results indicated perceptions of inclusion were positive prior to intervention and did not significantly change after the intervention. Lesson plans improved significantly in the use of UDL principles from baseline to postintervention, but there was no significant difference between the postintervention lesson plans and the end-of-semester lesson plans.
Frekuensi Ekokardiografi pada Fase Awal Penyakit Kawasaki
Authors: Advani Najib
Published: March 2019

Latar belakang. Penyakit Kawasaki (PK) merupakan suatu vaskulitis akut, terutama menyerang balita. Aneurisme koroner terjadi pada 15%-25% pasien PK yang tidak diobati. Ekokardiografi merupakan sarana non-invasif dengan spesifisitas dan sensitivitas tinggi untuk mendeteksi kelainan koroner pada segmen proksimal. American Heart Association menganjurkan ekokardiografi pada tahap awal, dilakukan tiga kali, yaitu saat diagnosis, 1-2 minggu kemudian dan 4-6 minggu selanjutnya. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui apakah pada pasien PK yang tanpa komplikasi, ekokardiografi saat awal cukup dilakukan dua kali berturut turut saja.Metode. Dilakukan studi retrospektif dari data rekam medis pasien Kawasaki di lima rumah sakit di Jakarta dan Tangerang beserta hasil ekokardiografi serial sejak Januari 2003 sampai Juli 2013. Semua pasien didiagnosis dan ditatalaksana oleh peneliti berdasarkan kriteria AHA 2004. Kriteria inklusi adalah semua pasien yang memenuhi kriteria diagnosis dan ekokardiografi pertama serta kedua hasilnya normal serta ekokardiogarfi diulang serial hingga akhir masa penelitian, minimal satu tahun.Hasil. Dari 503 pasien Kawasaki pada saat diagnosis, 163 menunjukkan dilatasi koroner dan 340 normal. Di antara 340 pasien tersebut, 228 memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dilakukan ekokardiografi serial antara 1 hingga 10,5 tahun. Didapatkan bahwa jika hasil ekokardiografi pertama dan kedua normal maka hasil ekokardiografi selanjutnya hingga akhir masa pengamatan tidak tampak kelainan.Kesimpulan. Pada pasien Kawasaki dengan hasil pemeriksaan ekokardiografi pertama dan kedua menunjukkan arteri koroner normal, cukup dilakukan ekokardiografi dua kali dan tidak harus diulang. Hal ini terutama pada pasien yang mengalami kendala akses maupun biaya.
Analisis Durasi Tidur, Asupan Makanan, dan Aktivitas Fisik sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Obesitas pada Balita Usia 3-5 Tahun
Authors: Tristiyanti Wara Fitria , Tamtomo Didik Gunawan , Dewi Yulia Lanti Retno
Published: March 2019

Latar belakang. Obesitas pada balita menjadi perhatian World Health Organization (WHO) dengan menetapkan masalah obesitas sebagai salah satu indikator untuk mengatasi masalah melalui Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pada tahun 2015, prevalensi obesitas balita secara global mencapai 6,2% atau 42 juta balita. Faktor penyebab obesitas di antaranya adalah durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik.Tujuan. Untuk menganalisis hubungan durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada balita usia 3-5 tahun beserta tingkat risiko di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kasus-kontrol dengan jumlah total subjek adalah 144 balita di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Jumlah subjek pada masing-masing kelompok adalah 72 balita. Data durasi tidur diperoleh melalui kuesioner Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) tervalidasi, data asupan makanan dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner recall makan 2x24 jam, dan data aktivitas fisik diperoleh dari kuesioner recall aktivitas fisik 24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi- square dan regresi logistik. Hasil. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada balita usia 3-5 tahun (p<0,005). Balita dengan durasi tidur kurang (lama tidur <10 jam) berisiko menjadi obesitas 2,5 (OR=2,49; IK95%: 1,04-5,93) kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita dengan durasi tidur yang cukup (lama tidur ≥10jam). Balita dengan asupan makanan lebih (asupan energi >110 % AKG) berisiko menjadi obesitas 4,4 (OR=4,42; IK95%: 2,02-9,69) kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita dengan asupan makanan cukup (asupan energi 80-110% AKG). Balita dengan aktivitas fisik sangat ringan (PAL<1,5) berisiko menjadi obesitas 6,1 (OR=6,15; IK95%: 2,73-13,85) dibandingkan dengan balita dengan aktivitas fisik ringan atau sedang. Kesimpulan. Durasi tidur, asupan makanan, dan aktivitas fisik, secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada balita usia 3-5 tahun.
Особенности фауны пауков-Гнафозид (Aranei: Gnaphosidae Pocock, 1898) Алтайских гор
Authors: Fomichev A. A.
Published: March 2019

Дан список Gnaphosidae зарегистрированных в Алтайских горах (114 видов из 15 родов). Произведено сравнение показателей эндемизма, а также таксономического состава фауны пауков-Гнафозид Алтая и других горных территорий Северной Евразии. Оценена роль Алтая как центра видового разнообразия некоторых родов Gnaphosidae. Приведены данные о видовом разнообразии и ареалах Gnaphosidae в различных регионах и высотных поясах Алтайских гор. Сопоставлены фауны пауков-Гнафозид различных регионов Алтайских гор. Обсуждается высокий уровень эндемизма пауков-Гнафозид Алтая и его возможные причины.
Inflammatory and post-inflammatory lesions in the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine according to magnetic resonance imaging in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Rumyantseva D. G. , Erdes Sh. , Smirnov A. V.
Published: March 2019

Investigation of the evolution of early axial spondylitis (axSP) is now of great importance especially before the appearance of reliable radiological signs of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Of particular interest is the assessment of inflammatory and post-inflammatory changes in the sacroiliac joints (SJ) and in the spine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The aimof the study was to analyze inflammatory foci in bone according to MRI in the area of SJ and lumbar spine (LS) in patients with early axSP.Material and methods.The study involved the patients of the Moscow cohort CORSAIR (Early Spondyloarthritis Cohort), which was formed in V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Low field MRI of SJ and LS was carried out in all patients at inclusion in the study in the T1 and STIR modes.Results and discussion.SJ MRI most often (34.1%) revealed combined foci of inflammation (active and chronic sacroiliitis – SI), 32.9% of patients showed signs of only chronic, rarely – only active SI (19.5%). In a few cases, MRI showed inflammatory changes in LS, which were regarded as active and chronic spondylitis. In patients with a disease duration of up to 1 year, signs of active SI were more common according to MRI than in patients with a longer duration of the disease (30.0 and 14.4%, respectively; p<0.05). All active foci of inflammation (with or without signs of chronic SI) were significantly more frequently detected in patients with AS than in non-radiological axSP (NR-axSP; 61.6% and 44.2%, respectively; p<0.05). The overall incidence of chronic spondylitis (in combination with or without active spondylitis) in patients with AS was higher than in NR-axSP(13.9% and 5.8%, respectively; p<0.05).

Conclusion.Patients with AS more often have active lesions at MRI of SJ and chronic ones at MRI of LS than patients with NR-axSP
Russian translation and validation of SarQoL® – quality of life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Safonova Yu. A. , Lesnyak O. M. , Baranova I. A. , Suleimanova A. K. , Zotkin E. G.
Published: March 2019

The aim is to carry out language adaptation and validation on the Russian sample of a special SarQoL questionnaire, designed to assess the quality of life of elderly people with sarcopenia. Material and methods. 100 patients over 65 years, mean age 74.0±6.5 years, observed on an outpatient basis were included. 50 from them had sarcopenia and 50 participants were without it. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on criteria developed by the European working group on sarcopenia (EWGSOP, 2010). The validation procedure was carried out in accordance with the Protocol. Results and discussion. There was a significant decrease in the overall quality of life according to SarQoL questionnaire in patients with sarcopenia compared with the control group without sarcopenia (50.65±14.23 and 75.10±14.46, respectively; p<0.001). High internal consistency of the SarQoL (Cronbach's á coefficient 0.924) was revealed. A significant positive correlation of domains with the overall SarQoL index in the range from r=0.37, p=0.0083 to r=0.92, p<0.001 was established. Moderate correlations of SarQoL with some domains SF-36 and the EQ-5D questionnaires were revealed. High internal consistency (ICC) of 0.935 (95% CI 0.91-0.96) was found. Conclusion. The Russian version of the SarQoL questionnaire is valid, consistent and reliable and can be used to assess the quality of life in older patients with sarcopenia.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN TEH CELUP WALINI DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Farnesia Lasana , Roessali Wiludjeng , Santosa Siswanto Imam
Published: March 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh bauran promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 responden dengan metode accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis faktor dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periklanan, penjualan pribadi, promosi penjualan, pemasaran langsung, hubungan masyarakat, jenis kelamin, usia, pekerjaan dan pendidikan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara serempak. Periklanan, promosi penjualan, pemasaran langsung, jenis kelamin, usia dan pekerjaan mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat signifikan secara parsial, sedangkan penjualan pribadi, hubungan masyarakat dan pendidikan tidak signifikan.Kata Kunci: pemasaran; promosi; keputusan pembelian; teh celup walini
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI CURAHAN TENAGA KERJA KELUARGA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI USAHA SAPI PERAH DI KECAMATAN UNGARAN BARAT, KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Sirappa Iven Patu , Sunarso Sunarso , Sumekar Wulan
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik peternak, faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi alokasi waktu, dan pendapatan peternak di Kecamatan Ungaran Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai April 2016. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode sensus sebanyak 47 orang yang memelihara ternak sapi perah. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda, analisis one sample t test, rata-rata karakteristik peternak, dan analisis pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kisaran umur 21-55 tahun sekitar 85%, pengalaman usaha responden sebagian besar memiliki pengalaman lebih dari 10 tahun sekitar 57%, sedangkan pendapatan usaha ternak sapi perah di Kecamatan Ungaran Barat rata-rata sebesar Rp.16.534.095/tahun. Alokasi waktu tenaga kerja dilakukan sebesar 368,37 HKP/tahun yang terdiri dari ayah ibu dan anak dalam melakukan pekerjaan membersihkan kandang, mencari rumput, memberi pakan, dan memerah susu. Faktor yang signifikan terhadap curahan tenaga kerja keluarga dalam pemeliharaan sapi perah adalah skala usaha, pendapatan, dan kedua KTT yaitu KTT Sumber Hasil, dan KTT Ngudi Makmur, sedangkan faktor yang tidak berpengaruh adalah pengalaman beternak, tanggungan keluarga, dan umur.Kata Kunci : curahan waktu; tenaga kerja; peternak; sapi perah; pendapatan
SALURAN PEMASARAN BERAS ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Yuniarti Dwi , Rahayu Endang Siti , Harisudin Mohamad
Published: March 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran, marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share beras organik di Kabupaten Boyolali. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) di Kecamatan Sawit dan Kecamatan Banyudono. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode diskriptif analitif. Analisis data menggunakan  analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif (marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share). Total  responden 30 petani produsen, 2 pedagang pengumpul desa, 5 penggilingan desa dan 1 pedagang pengecer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada 4 tipe saluran pemasaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa rata-rata produsen beras organik di Kabupaten Boyolali melewati satu lembaga pemasaran saja (penggilingan padi). Hasil pertanian padi organik di Kabupaten Boyolali belum sepenuhnya diserap sebagai produk organik. Penyerapan hasil produksi organik di Kabupaten Boyolali sebagai produk organik hanya ada 37% dari keseluruhan responden produsen. Penjualan beras organik diperlakukan sama seperti beras biasa sebesar 63%. Marjin pemasaran terbesar pada saluran pemasaran I yaitu sebesar Rp 8.500,00 dan terendah pada saluran pemasaran IV yaitu Rp 5.375,00. Nilai farmer’s share tertinggi 57% dan terendah sebesar 37%.Kata kunci : saluran pemasaran; beras organik