bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uric Acid, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease Among Alaska Eskimos: The Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) Study
Authors: Jolly Stacey E. , Mete Mihriye , Wang Hong , Zhu Jianhui , Ebbesson Sven O.E. , Voruganti V. Saroja , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Howard Barbara V. , Umans Jason G.
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).****;**:**–**. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

It is unknown what role uric acid (UA) may play in the increasing rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Alaska Eskimos. UA is associated with both hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors analyzed 1078 Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine measures using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD was defined by an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The authors adjusted for age, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension (or eGFR), obesity, lipids, and smoking status; 7% (n=75) had prevalent CKD. eGFR decreased with increasing tertiles of serum UA (P<.001). UA was independently associated with prevalent CKD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] of 2.04 (1.62–2.56), respectively). Twenty‐one percent (n=230) had prevalent HTN and UA was independently associated with prevalent HTN (adjusted OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5). UA is independently associated with prevalent CKD and HTN in this population.
Pleurospermum tripartitum sp. nov. (Umbelliferae) from western Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Rong , Pu Fa‐Ding , Li Heng
Published: January 2012

Pleurospermum tripartitum Pu, R. Li & H. Li, a new species of Umbelliferae from western Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely similar to P. macrochlaenum K. T. Fu & Y. C. Ho, but differs by having unbranched stem, conspicuous calyx teeth, and white petals.
Yeast microbiota of raptors: a possible tool for environmental monitoring
Authors: Brilhante Raimunda S. N. , Castelo Branco Débora S. C. M. , Duarte Guilherme P. S. , Paiva Manoel A. N. , Teixeira Carlos E. C. , Zeferino João P. O. , Monteiro André J. , Cordeiro Rossana A. , Sidrim José J. C. , Rocha Marcos F. G.
Published: January 2012

Twenty‐two raptors from a rehabilitation centre were evaluated for the presence of yeasts prior to returning them to the wild, and the recoveredCandidaisolates were tested forin vitroantifungal susceptibility and phospholipase production. Samples were collected from the crop/lower esophagus and cloaca.In vitroantifungal susceptibility and phospholipase production of 21Candidastrains were assessed through broth microdilution and growth on egg yolk agar respectively. Twenty‐seven isolates, belonging to seven species, were recovered from 16 tested birds, withC. albicansandC. famataas the most prevalent species. Three out of 21 isolates (2C. albicansand 1C. tropicalis) were simultaneously resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole. As for phospholipase production, 8 (8/21) isolates (6C. albicans, 1C. famataand 1C. parapsilosis) showed enzymatic activity. The most relevant finding in this study was the isolation of resistantCandidaspp. from wild raptors that had never been submitted to antifungal therapy, which suggests exposure to environmental contaminants. Based on this, we propose the assessment ofCandidaspp. from the gastrointestinal tract of raptors as a tool for environmental monitoring.
Chondritic ingredients: I. Usual suspects and some oddballs in the Leoville CV3 meteorite
Authors: PATZER Andrea , HEZEL Dominik C. , BENDEL Verena , PACK Andreas
Published: January 2012

Abstract– Reduced CV3 chondrites are relatively pristine rocks and prime candidates for studies exploring processes that predated planet formation. We closely examined the petrographic features and trace elemental composition of different CV3 constituents in the accretionary breccia Leoville. The petrographic results are presented here. Our sample (2.2 cm2) is not brecciated. The main ingredient—about 65 area%—is fine‐ to coarse‐grained ferromagnesian type I chondrules. Minor constituents (in order of 2‐D abundance) include refractory inclusions, Al‐rich chondrules, and very fine‐crystalline clasts of moderately volatile composition. Type II chondrules and metal nuggets occur sporadically. The chondrule–matrix ratio is approximately 3:1. Medium‐ and coarse‐grained chondrules exhibit porphyritic textures, probably caused by incomplete melting, and frequent, partial or continuous, recrystallized dust rims. The fine‐grained population most likely represents randomly sectioned dust rims. The rim material and some of the medium‐grained objects are relatively troilite‐rich. Iron‐nickel metal is rare. In addition, almost all constituents show strikingly ragged or convoluted outlines. Only a few, rim‐less components exhibit smooth contours. Evidence for incomplete melting and the formation of recrystallized or igneous rims in carbonaceous chondrites is well established, suggesting that both processes were widespread events. The observed features in Leoville support this conclusion. In addition, our findings indicate that surface abrasion in a turbulent dust‐filled regime may have taken place after the consolidation of dust rims. Alternatively, the irregular, convoluted nature of at least the rimmed chondrules may have been inherent to the dust accretion event and was not erased by subsequent heating.
Development and Performance Measurement of Oil-Free Turbocharger Supported on Gas Foil Bearings
Authors: Lee Yong-Bok , Park Dong-Jin , Kim Tae Ho , Sim Kyuho
Published: January 2012

This paper present the development of an oil-free turbocharger (TC) supported on gas foil bearings (GFBs) and its performance evaluation in a test rig driven by a diesel vehicle engine (EG). The rotor-bearing system was designed via a rotordynamic analysis with dynamic force coefficients derived from the analysis of the GFBs. The developed oil-free TC was designed using a hollow rotor with a radial turbine at one end and a compressor wheel at the other end, a center housing with journal and thrust GFBs, and turbine and compressor casings. Preliminary tests driven by pressurized shop air at room temperature demonstrated relatively stable operation up to a TC speed of 90,000 rpm, accompanied by a dominant synchronous motion of ∼20 μm and small subsynchronous motions of less than 2 μm at the higher end of the speed range. Under realistic operating conditions with a diesel vehicle engine at a maximum TC speed of 136,000 rpm and a maximum EG speed of 3140 rpm, EG and TC speeds and gas flow properties were measured. The measured time responses of the TC speed and the turbine inlet pressure demonstrated time delays of ∼3.9 and ∼1.3 s from that of the EG speed during consecutive stepwise EG speed changes, implying the GFB friction and rotor inertia led to time delays of ∼2.6 s. The measured pressures and temperatures showed trends following second-order polynomials against EG speed. Regarding TC efficiency, 4.3 kW of mechanical power was supplied by the turbine and 3.3 kW was consumed by the compressor at the top speed of 136,000 rpm, and the power loss reached 22% of the turbine power. Furthermore, the estimated GFB power losses from the GFB analysis were approximately 25% of the total power loss at higher speeds, indicating the remainder of the power loss resulted from heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the surrounding solid structures. Incidentally, as the TC speed was increased from 45,000 to 136,000 rpm, the estimated turbine inlet power increased from 19 to 79 kW, the compressor exit power increased from 7 to 26 kW, and the TC output mass flow rate from the compressor increased from 21 to 74 g/s. The average TC compressor exit power was estimated at ∼34% of the turbine inlet power over this range.
Chimp Virus Makes a Savvy Vaccine Vector
Authors: Houghton Michael
Published: January 2012

A hepatitis C virus vaccine delivered by a chimpanzee-derived adenovirus vector produces strong cellular immune responses in healthy human volunteers.
Triple Whammy
Authors: Gesty-Palmer Diane
Published: January 2012

Tripartite vaccine generates antibody and cellular immune responses to tumor-associated MUC1.
A Less Controversial Colon Cleanser?
Authors: Tridandapani Srini
Published: January 2012

A computerized form of colon cleansing might increase public compliance with cancer screening guidelines.
Barriers to translating diagnostic research in febrilechildren to clinical practice: a systematic review: Table 1
Authors: Oostenbrink Rianne , Thompson Matthew , Steyerberg Ewout W
Published: January 2012

Background

Although the topic of identifying febrile children at risk of serious infections has been addressed by numerous research groups, identified predictors remain diverse and implementation of results in routine practice has been limited. The aim of this paper is to discuss the problems and challenges in advancing diagnostic research in febrile children.

Methods

The characteristics and results of 35 studies identified from a systematic review on predictors for febrile children were evaluated.

Results

Current diagnostic research is mainly performed in subpopulations, defined by age and temperature limits and in paediatric emergency settings, ignoring the role of primary care. It is characterised by a dichotomous approach of outcomes and a wide variability of potential predictors. Validation of results to other settings and impact studies of prediction rules on patient outcomes are scarce. In designing diagnostic studies on children suspected of serious infections focus is needed on all clinically relevant populations within the spectrum of primary care and emergency department settings. Consensus is also needed on the definition of fever, the concept of serious infection and the set of predictors to focus on. The heterogeneity of patients in different settings and countries stress the need for continuous updating of prediction rules in routine practice. Broad validation in different clinical settings and countries and impact analysis in routine care is essential.

Conclusions

Scientists in the field of diagnosis of serious infection in children must agree on core design features to be incorporated in all studies in the area of diagnostic research in febrile children. This will improve evidence from future studies, and their generalisability and implementation in routine practice.
Unilateral Lymphangiomatous Polyp of the Palatine Tonsil in a Very Young Child: A Clinicopathologic Case Report
Authors: Park Edward , Pransky Seth M. , Malicki Denise M. , Hong Paul
Published: January 2012

Childhood lymphangiomatous polyp of the palatine tonsil is a very unusual lesion found in the head and neck. Tonsillectomy has been reported to be the curative procedure of choice for this lesion. We report a case of a very young child with unilateral lymphangiomatous polyp of the palatine tonsil.
Short-term clinicopathological outcome of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy comprising complete androgen blockade, followed by treatment with docetaxel and estramustine phosphate before radical prostatectomy in Japanese patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer
Authors: Narita Shintaro , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Kumazawa Teruaki , Maita Shinya , Numakura Kazuyuki , Obara Takashi , Tsuruta Hiroshi , Saito Mitsuru , Inoue Takamitsu , Horikawa Yohei , Satoh Shigeru , Nanjyo Hiroshi , Habuchi Tomonori
Published: January 2012

Background

To assess the outcome of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy comprising complete androgen blockade followed by treatment with docetaxel and estramustine phosphate before radical prostatectomy in Japanese patients with a high risk of localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

Complete androgen blockade followed by 6 cycles of docetaxel (30 mg/m2) with estramustine phosphate (560 mg) were given to 18 PCa patients before radical prostatectomy. Subsequently, the clinical and pathological outcomes were analyzed.

Results

No patients had severe adverse events during chemohormonal therapy, and hence they were treated with radical prostatectomy. Two patients (11.1%) achieved pathological complete response. Surgical margins were negative in all patients. At a median follow-up of 18 months, 14 patients (77.8%) were disease-free without PSA recurrence. All 4 patients with PSA recurrence had pathologic T3b or T4 disease and 3 of these 4 patients had pathologic N1 disease.

Conclusion

We found that neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy with complete androgen blockade followed by treatment with docetaxel and estramustine phosphate before radical prostatectomy was safe, feasible, and associated with favorable pathological outcomes in patients with a high risk of localized PCa.
Estimation of effective anisotropy simultaneously with locations of microseismic events
Authors: Grechka Vladimir , Singh Paritosh , Das Indrajit
Published: January 2012

Passive seismic tomography, in which the event locations and the velocity model are inferred simultaneously, is seldom used to process microseismic surveys acquired in the oil and gas industry. We discuss advantages of applying tomographic ideas to typical microseismic data recorded in a single, nearly vertical well to monitor hydraulic stimulation of a shale-gas reservoir. Microseismic events are conventionally located in the energy-industry applications using a velocity model derived from sonic logs and perforation shots. Instead of fixing the model, as is normally done, we alter it while locating the events. This added flexibility not only makes it possible to accurately predict traveltimes of the recorded P- and S-waves, but also provides a convincing evidence for anisotropy of the examined shale formation. While we find that velocity heterogeneity does not need to be introduced to explain the data acquired at each stage of hydraulic fracturing, the obtained models are suggestive of possible time-lapse changes in the anisotropy parameters that characterize the stimulated reservoir volume.
GABA Is Depolarizing in Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells of the Adolescent and Adult Rats
Authors: Chiang Po-Han , Wu Pu-Yeh , Kuo Tzu-Wei , Liu Yu-Chao , Chan Chu-Fang , Chien Ta-Chun , Cheng Jen-Kun , Huang Yu-Yin , Chiu Cheng-Di , Lien Cheng-Chang
Published: January 2012

GABAergic signaling in hippocampal pyramidal neurons undergoes a switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing during early neuronal development. Whether such a transformation of GABAergic action occurs in dentate granule cells (DGCs), located at the first stage of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit, is unclear. Here, we use noninvasive extracellular recording to monitor the effect of synaptically released GABA on the DGC population. We find that GABAergic responses in adolescent and adult rat DGCs are still depolarizing from rest. Using a morphologically realistic DGC model, we show that GABAergic action, depending on its precise timing and location, can have either an excitatory or inhibitory role in signal processing in the dentate gyrus.
Long-time asymptotics of the long-range Emch-Radin model
Authors: Kastner Michael
Published: January 2012

The long-time asymptotic behaviour is studied for a long-range variant of the Emch-Radin model of interacting spins. We derive upper and lower bounds on the expectation values of a class of observables. We prove analytically that the time scale at which the system relaxes to equilibrium diverges with the system size N, displaying quasistationary nonequilibrium behaviour. This finding implies that, for large enough N, equilibration will not be observed in an experiment of finite duration.
Modulators Using DPS-DNG-Layered Structure
Authors: Shahbazian J. H.
Published: January 2012

The influence of an applied electric field on a periodic structure composed of alternating layers of isotropic DPS (double positive index of refraction) and anisotropic DNG (double negative index of refraction) has been studied and shown that in the presence of an external electric field, one can convert the polarization state of the incident electromagnetic wave into a desired polarization state, change the phase and amplitude, and induce birefringence. Here, theoretical and numerical results of investigation of phase and amplitude modulator in the presence of an applied electric field are presented.
Utility of Analgesic and Anxiolytic Medication Dose during Colonoscopy in Identifying Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Lule Enoch , Iddings Erika , Manandhar Lochana , Grandhi Bala , Clements John
Published: January 2012

Research question. This paper was done to answer the question on whether patients with IBS require higher analgesic or anxiolytic doses during colonoscopy. Setting. Gastroenterology practice in Michigan, USA. Methods. We reviewed the charts of patients following up with a US based gastroenterology practice. We collected data on whether or not they had IBS, and collected data on analgesic and anxiolytic requirement during colonoscopy. Results. 336 patients were included in the trial. 206 did not have IBS while 130 had a previous diagnosis of IBS. 234 were female (67.2%). When comparing patients who have IBS to those without IBS, we identified no statistically significant difference in midazolam dose (5.5 mg versus 5.5 mg), fentanyl dose ( 117 mg versus 112 mg) or meperidine dose (69 mg versus 69 mg). The lack of differences in medication doses used remained when we controlled for sex, prior analgesic use, and prior abdominal surgery. Conclusion. Dose of analgesic or anxiolytic used during colonoscopy cannot be used to identify patients with IBS.
Direct dimethyl ether synthesis by spatial patterned catalyst arrangement: A modeling and simulation study
Authors: McBride Kevin , Turek Thomas , Güttel Robert
Published: January 2012

The effect of spatially patterned catalyst beds was investigated using direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from synthesis gas as an example. A layered arrangement of methanol synthesis (MS) and dehydration catalyst was chosen and studied by numerical simulation under typical operating conditions for single‐step DME synthesis. It was revealed that catalyst layers significantly influence the DME productivity. With an increasing number of layers from two to 40, an increase in DME productivity was observed approaching the performance of a physical catalyst mixture for an infinite number of layers. The results prove that a physical mixture of MS and dehydration catalyst achieves the highest DME productivity under operating conditions chosen in this study. Essentially, the layered catalyst arrangement is comparable to a cascade model of the two‐step process, which is less efficient in terms of DME yield than the single‐step process. However, the layered catalyst arrangement could be beneficial for other reaction systems. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 00: 000–000, 2012
Phase equilibria (LLE and VLE) of refining operations for enzymatic biodiesel production via quantum mechanical COSMO‐RS method
Authors: Güzel Gündüz , Xu Xuebing
Published: January 2012

Phase equilibria, both liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) and vapor‐liquid equilibria (VLE), are equally important in the refining operations of biodiesel production. Equilibrium distributions of components at the down‐processing of enzymatic ethanolysis reaction were investigated through quantum mechanical COnductor‐like Screening MOdel‐Real Solvent method with implemented vapor pressure equations. Due to the composite nature of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) components as the biodiesel fuel, multicomponent predictive phase equilibria approach was applied for a model reaction system of refined soybean oil with 30% molar excess amount of ethanol. Simulation results for the LLE at 303 K were in significant agreement with reported experimental data. Minimum boiling azeotropes were found for FAEE‐glycerol binaries at isothermal (at 423 and 473K) and isobaric (at reduced pressures) VLE simulations. Similar results were also found at the VLE of glycerol purification operations for multicomponent real case simulations. The feasibilities of simple and rigorous unit operations were also pointed up in this study. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Synthesis and characterizations of iso‐luminol‐functionalized, tadpole‐shaped, gold nanomaterials
Authors: Li Fang , Tian Dayong , Cui Hua
Published: January 2012

Iso‐luminol functionalized gold nanomaterials were synthesized in high yield by a simple seeding approach, using the chemiluminescent reagent iso‐luminol as reductant in the presence of HAuCl4, AgNO3 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The morphology of as‐prepared gold nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy, showing that gold nanotadpoles (AuNTps) were obtained. Subsequent experiments revealed that the amounts of seed colloids and AgNO3 and the concentrations of iso‐luminol and CTAB in the growth solution play critical roles in the formation of well‐shaped AuNTps. The surface state of AuNTps was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, indicating that iso‐luminol and its oxidation product, 4‐aminophthalate, coexisted on the surface of AuNTps. The CL behaviour was studied by static injection CL experiments, demonstrating that AuNTps were of CL activity. Finally, the growth mechanism of AuNTps was also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent effects of N‐nitroso, N‐(2‐chloroethyl), N′,N′‐dibenzylsulfamid and its copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes: fluorescence studies
Authors: Bensouilah Nadjia , Fisli Hassina , Dhaoui Nabila , Benali‐Cherif Nourredine , Abdaoui Mohamed
Published: January 2012

The structure of N‐nitroso, N‐(2‐chloroethyl), N′,N′‐dibenzylsulfamid (CENS) was established by X‐ray crystallography. The atomic coordinates, factors of isotropic thermal agitation, bond lengths and valence angles were determined. The solvent effects on the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of CENS were investigated at room temperature. The effects of solvent polarity and of hydrogen bonding were interpreted by means of linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the hydrogen donation properties of the solvent play an important role in determining the position of the absorption maximum, while the classical polarity of the medium is the only dominating parameter in determining the emission maximum and the Stokes' shift. Complexation of the investigated compound by two different transition metal ions was studied. Fluorescence measurements show that fluorescence quenching by cobalt(II) is more important than that by copper(II). This phenomenon can be attributed to good stereo‐structural matching between the electronic configuration of the Co2+ ion and the active site distribution of CENS in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of heart tissue viability under redox‐magnetohydrodynamics conditions: Toward fine‐tuning flow in biological microfluidics applications
Authors: Cheah Lih Tyng , Fritsch Ingrid , Haswell Stephen J. , Greenman John
Published: January 2012

A microfluidic system containing a chamber for heart tissue biopsies, perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer containing glucose and antibiotic (KHGB) using peristaltic pumps and continuously stimulated, was used to evaluate tissue viability under redox‐magnetohydrodynamics (redox‐MHD) conditions. Redox‐MHD possesses unique capabilities to control fluid flow using ionic current from oxidation and reduction processes at electrodes in a magnetic field, making it attractive to fine‐tune fluid flow around tissues for “tissue‐on‐a‐chip” applications. The manuscript describes a parallel setup to study two tissue samples simultaneously, and 6‐min static incubation with Triton X100. Tissue viability was subsequently determined by assaying perfusate for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, where LDH serves as an injury marker. Incubation with KHGB containing 5 mM hexaammineruthenium(III) (ruhex) redox species with and without a pair of NdFeB magnets (∼0.39 T, placed parallel to the chamber) exhibited no additional tissue insult. MHD fluid flow, viewed by tracking microbeads with microscopy, occurred only when the magnet was present and stimulating electrodes were activated. Pulsating MHD flow with a frequency similar to the stimulating waveform was superimposed over thermal convection (from a hotplate) for Triton‐KHGB, but fluid speed was up to twice as fast for ruhex‐Triton‐KHGB. A large transient ionic current, achieved when switching on the stimulating electrodes, generates MHD perturbations visible over varying peristaltic flow. The well‐controlled flow methodology of redox‐MHD is applicable to any tissue type, being useful in various drug uptake and toxicity studies, and can be combined equally with on‐ or off‐device analysis modalities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1827–1834. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transgene copy number distribution profiles in recombinant CHO cell lines revealed by single cell analyses
Authors: He Luhong , Winterrowd Christal , Kadura Ibrahim , Frye Christopher
Published: January 2012

Clonally derived recombinant cell lines are highly desired to achieve consistent production of recombinant biotherapeutics. Despite repeated rounds of cloning by limiting dilution or single cell cloning, the resulting cell lines have often been observed to diverge, becoming a heterogeneous population and losing productivity over long‐term sub‐culturing. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, we developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for the analysis of transgene copy number distribution in single recombinant cells isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. Single cells were obtained by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) technology and lysed directly in 96‐well plates. qPCR assays were then applied to analyze the quantity and distribution of transgenes in those single cells. Results revealed multiple types of transgene copy number distribution profiles from those clonally derived CHO cell lines. The cell lines that maintained productivity over time displayed relatively constant and homogeneous transgene copy number distributions; while most of those cell lines exhibiting a loss of productivity over time showed varying degrees of transgene copy number heterogeneity and distribution drift with passaging. Some cell lines showed the existence of a significant portion of cells lacking the transgenes (referred to as negative cells in this study) and the percentage of those negative cells increased with subsequent generations. Criteria based on transgene copy number distribution profiles were developed to assess cell line suitability for clinical applications, which include (i) percentage of negative cells; (ii) standard deviation of qPCR threshold cycle (Ct) value, a measure of population heterogeneity; (iii) mean Ct changes during aging, a measure of population drift. By implementing these criteria, undesirable cell lines were eliminated for further clinical and commercial applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1713–1722. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phidippides Cardiomyopathy: A Review and Case Illustration
Authors: Trivax Justin E. , McCullough Peter A.
Published: January 2012

Phidippides was a Greek messenger who experienced sudden death after running more than 175 miles in two days. In today's world, marathon running and other endurance sports are becoming more popular and raising concern about sudden deaths at these events. Once etiologies such has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anomalous coronary arteries, and coronary atherosclerosis have been excluded, there is now an additional consideration termed Phidippides cardiomyopathy. Because endurance sports call for a sustained increase in cardiac output for several hours, the heart is put into a state of volume overload. It has been shown that approximately one‐third of marathon runners experience dilation of the right atrium and ventricle, have elevations of cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides, and in a smaller fraction later develop small patches of cardiac fibrosis that are the likely substrate for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden death. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is emerging as the diagnostic test of choice for this condition. This review and case report summarizes the key features of this newly appreciated disorder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Triple negative breast cancer is associated with an increased risk of residual invasive carcinoma after lumpectomy
Authors: Sioshansi Shirin , Ehdaivand Shahrzad , Cramer Christina , Lomme Michele M. , Price Lori Lyn , Wazer David E.
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND:

To assess the potential mechanisms that may underlie increased local failure in triple negative (TN) breast cancers, an analysis was performed of the risk of residual carcinoma after lumpectomy with correlation to pathologic factors, including molecular phenotype.

METHODS:

A review of pathologic specimens was performed for women with invasive breast cancer treated with lumpectomy followed by reexcision. Data were collected on age; tumor size, grade, and nodal stage; estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Her2); extensive intraductal component; lymphovascular invasion; margins; and reexcision findings. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate for associations between pathologic features of the lumpectomy specimen and reexcision findings. Molecular phenotypes were defined by conventionally used immunohistochemical pattern.

RESULTS:

Data were collected on 369 patients with breast cancer. The median age was 57 years, median tumor size was 1.5 cm, 36% had positive margins, 32% had positive lymph nodes, 73.5% had the luminal A subtype, 9.5% had the luminal B subtype, 4.5% were Her2‐enriched, and 12.5% were TN. Overall, 32% of patients had invasive cancer in their reexcision specimens, and 51% of those with the TN subtype had residual invasive disease on reexcision compared with 30% to 31% for other subtypes. On univariate analysis, age, tumor size, margin status, lymphovascular invasion, nodal status, and TN subtype were associated with elevated risk of residual invasive cancer. On multivariate analysis using a forward stepwise model, TN subtype maintained significance, with an odds ratio of 3.28 (P = .002).

CONCLUSION:

TN subtype has a statistically significant association with an increased risk of residual tumor. This suggests the putative increase in the risk of local failure in TN patients may be related to increased residual tumor burden. Cancer 2012. � 2012 American Cancer Society.
Platinum(IV)‐Mediated Nitrile–Amidoxime Coupling Reactions: Insights into the Mechanism for the Generation of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Bolotin Dmitrii S. , Bokach Nadezhda A. , Haukka Matti , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: January 2012

The nucleophilic addition of amidoximes R′C(NH2)NOH (4: R′=Me, 5: CH2Ph, 6: Ph) to coordinated nitriles in the platinum(IV) complexes trans‐[PtCl4(RCN)2] (1: R=Et, 2: Ph, 3: NMe2) proceeds in a 1:1 molar ratio and leads to the monoaddition products [PtCl4(RCN){HNC(R)ONC(R′)NH2}] (7: R/R′: Et/CH2Ph, 8: Et/Ph, 9: NMe2/CH2Ph, 10: NMe2/Ph). Meanwhile, if the nucleophilic addition proceeds in a 2:1 molar ratio the reaction gives the bisaddition species [PtCl4{HNC(R)ONC(R′)NH2}2] (11: R/R′=Et/Me, 12: Et/CH2Ph, 13: Et/Ph, 14: Ph/Ph, 15: NMe2/Me, 16: NMe2/CH2Ph, 17: NMe2/Ph). All complexes 7–17 bear nitrogen‐bound O‐iminoacylated amidoxime groups. The addition of one equivalent of the corresponding amidoxime to each of 7–10 leads to 12, 13, 16, and 17, respectively. Complex [PtCl4(NCNMe2){HNC(NMe2)ONC(Ph)NH2}] (10), when dissolved in MeNO2, gave mer‐[PtCl3{HNC(NMe2)ONC(Ph)NHC(NMe2)NH}] (18) with the newly formed tridentate ligand derived from an unexpected coupling between two Me2NCN ligands and the N and the O centers of the amidoxime. The O‐imidoylamidoxime compounds R′C(NH2)NOCR(NH) (19–25) were liberated from the corresponding complexes 11–17 by treatment with excess NaCN and these metal‐free species were characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The conversion of 19–25 into the 3,5‐substituted 1,2,4‐oxadiazole compounds OaNC(R′)NCb(R)(a–b) (26: R/R′=Me/Et, 27: PhCH2/Et, 28: Ph/Et, 29: Ph/Ph, 30: Me/NMe2, 31: PhCH2/NMe2, 32: Ph/NMe2) occurs at room temperature and the cyclization is promoted by strong acceptor substituents R′.
PAPR reduction scheme with selective tone reservation for OFDM signals
Authors: Chen Chun‐Chyuan , Wu Jiun‐Ming
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we propose a peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme with selective tone reservation. In this scheme, the preset peak reduction tone (PRT) set would be divided into M PRT subsets that can generate M time‐domain kernels. The differences of the slopes for the phase responses of the M time‐domain kernels would be considered to design the M PRT subsets in reducing the PAPR of the OFDM transmitted signal. In addition, we can further enhance the PAPR reduction performance by interactively selecting the most appropriate one among the M time‐domain kernels for each OFDM symbol. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve better PAPR reduction performance than the conventional tone reservation scheme with the same preset PRT set. In comparison with the conventional tone reservation scheme, our PAPR reduction scheme need not send any side information and increase a little bit hardware complexity to improve the PAPR reduction performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of putative retinoic acid target genes downstream of mesenchymal Tbx1 during inner ear development
Authors: Monks Dennis C. , Morrow Bernice E.
Published: January 2012

Background: The T‐box transcription factor Tbx1 is expressed in the otic vesicle and surrounding mesoderm of the periotic mesenchyme (POM) during inner ear development. Mesenchymal Tbx1 is essential for inner ear development, with conditional mutants displaying defects in both the auditory and vestibular systems. We have previously reported that mesodermal Tbx1 loss of function mutants (Mest‐KO) have reduced expression of retinoic acid (RA) metabolic genes, Cyp26a1 and Cyp26c1, in the POM, consistent with other studies showing an increase in mesodermal RA reporter expression in Tbx1−/− embryos. However, putative RA effector genes whose expression is altered downstream of increased otic mesenchymal‐epithelial RA signaling have remained elusive. Results: Here we report the identification of 18 retinoic acid responsive genes altered in Mest‐KO conditional mutants by microarray gene profiling. Nine were chosen for biological validation including quantitative RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization (Otor, Mia, Col2a1, Clu, Adm, Myt1, Dlx3, Itgb3, and Itga2b). Conclusion: Here study provides a series of newly identified RA effector genes for inner ear development downstream of mesenchymal Tbx1 that may contribute to the inner ear phenotype observed in Tbx1 loss of function mouse models. Developmental Dynamics 241:563–573, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organocuprate‐Initiated Domino Michael–Intramolecular Aldol Reaction – Application to the Formation of Ring B of the Aglycon of Landomycins
Authors: Bugaut Xavier , Roulland Emmanuel
Published: January 2012

An innovative access to a β,β‐disubstituted Morita–Baylis–Hillman motif, which is a potential intermediate en route to the synthesis of the aglycon of landomycins, is presented. It consists of a finely optimized organocuprate‐initiated domino Michael–intramolecular aldol reaction. The use of TMSCl and DMAP as additives proved essential to ensure the success of this reaction sequence.
International round‐robin study on the Ames fluctuation test
Authors: Reifferscheid G. , Maes H.M. , Allner B. , Badurova J. , Belkin S. , Bluhm K. , Brauer F. , Bressling J. , Domeneghetti S. , Elad T. , Flückiger‐Isler S. , Grummt H.J. , Gürtler R. , Hecht A. , Heringa M.B. , Hollert H. , Huber S. , Kramer M. , Magdeburg A. , Ratte H.T. , Sauerborn‐Klobucar R. , Sokolowski A. , Soldan P. , Smital T. , Stalter D. , Venier P. , Ziemann Chr. , Zipperle J. , Buchinger S.
Published: January 2012

An international round‐robin study on the Ames fluctuation test [ISO 11350, 2012], a microplate version of the classic plate‐incorporation method for the detection of mutagenicity in water, wastewater and chemicals was performed by 18 laboratories from seven countries. Such a round‐robin study is a precondition for both the finalization of the ISO standardization process and a possible regulatory implementation in water legislation. The laboratories tested four water samples (spiked/nonspiked) and two chemical mixtures with and without supplementation of a S9‐mix. Validity criteria (acceptable spontaneous and positive control‐induced mutation counts) were fulfilled by 92–100%, depending on the test conditions. A two‐step method for statistical evaluation of the test results is proposed and assessed in terms of specificity and sensitivity. The data were first subjected to powerful analysis of variance (ANOVA) after an arcsine‐square‐root transformation to detect significant differences between the test samples and the negative control (NC). A threshold (TH) value based on a pooled NC was then calculated to exclude false positive test results. Statistically, positive effects observed by the William's test were considered negative, if the mean of all replicates of a sample did not exceed the calculated TH. By making use of this approach, the overall test sensitivity was 100%, and the test specificity ranged from 80 to 100%. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Genograms to Facilitate Undergraduate Students' Career Development: A Group Model
Authors: Malott Krista M. , Magnuson Sandy
Published: January 2012

This article features the description of a 5‐session group experience designed to facilitate exploration of familial influence on career decision making. The authors adapted traditional family genograms to explicate occupational patterns, themes, and values and to examine career choice in relation to influences derived from family experiences. A sequence of activities, students' responses, and precautions is provided.
Complexity, Chaos, and Nonlinear Dynamics: A New Perspective on Career Development Theory
Authors: Bloch Deborah P.
Published: January 2012

The author presents a theory of career development drawing on nonlinear dynamics and chaos and complexity theories. Career is presented as a complex adaptive entity, a fractal of the human entity. Characteristics of complex adaptive entities, including (a) autopiesis, or self‐regeneration; (b) open exchange; (c) participation in networks; (d) fractals; (e) phase transitions between order and chaos, (f) search for fitness peaks; (g) nonlinear dynamics; (h) sensitive dependence, (i) attractors that limit growth; (j) the role of strange attractors in emergence; and (k) spirituality, are described and then applied to careers. The article concludes with a brief case analysis and implications for practice and research.
Multicultural Career Counseling: Theoretical Applications of the Systems Theory Framework
Authors: Arthur Nancy , McMahon Mary
Published: January 2012

Increasing recognition of cultural influences on career development requires expanded theoretical and practical perspectives. Theories of career development need to explicate views of culture and provide direction for career counseling with clients who are culturally diverse. The Systems Theory Framework (STF) is a theoretical foundation that accounts for systems of influence on people's career development, including individual, social, and environmental/societal contexts. The discussion provides a rationale for systemic approaches in multicultural career counseling and introduces the central theoretical tenets of the STF. Through applications of the STF, career counselors are challenged to expand their roles and levels of intervention in multicultural career counseling.
Parent/Guardian Visualization of Career and Academic Future of Seventh Graders Enrolled in Low‐Achieving Schools
Authors: Usinger Janet
Published: January 2012

These findings are from the first phase of a 5‐year longitudinal interpretive study that seeks an understanding of how students enrolled in academically low‐achieving schools located in economically disadvantaged areas socially construct their academic and career aspirations. This article describes the general perceptions that parents/guardians of 7th graders hold regarding the future of the students. The research revealed that although family support was evident, many students seemed to develop their ideas about their future in a nondirective environment in which parents/guardians frequently evoked a sense of regret about their own earlier decision making. Implications for practitioners and researchers are provided.
Catholic Counselor's Book Shelf
Authors: Sullivan Daniel C.
Published: January 2012

REPORT WRITING IN PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY: Jack T. Huber, New York

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GUIDANCE: Mauritz Johnson, William E. Busacker, Fred Q. Bowman, and Brothers, New York

EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS OF THE STUDENT: Graham B. Blaine, Jr., Charles C. McArthur, et al
Catholic Counselor's Book Shelf
Authors: Daniel C.
Published: January 2012

PSYCHOLOGY AND RELIGION: Three Joint Symposia from the ACPA‐APA Meetings of 1957, 1958, 1959. American Catholic Psychological Association, Fordham University, New York

Selected Papers from the ACPA Meetings of 1957, 1958, 1959. New York: American Catholic Psychological Association

TO LIVE IS CHRIST: Robert W. Gleason, S. J. Sheed and Ward

THE INFORMATION SERVICE IN GUIDANCE: Willa Norris, Franklin R. Zeran, Raymond N. Hatch, Rand McNally

WORKING WITH SUPERIOR STUDENTS: THEORIES AND PRACTICES: Bruce Shertzer, Ed.

VOCATIONAL MATURITY OF NINTH‐GRADE BOYS: Donald E. Super, Phoebe L. Over‐street, et. al., Monograph 2.
Catholic Counselor's Book Shelf
Authors: Sullivan Denial C.
Published: January 2012

GUIDANCE PRINCIPLES AND SERVICES: Frank W. Miller. Charles E. Merrill Books, Inc.

HOW TO TAKE LECTURE NOTES IN COLLEGE: Philip D. Cristantiello

MORAL GUIDANCE PAMPHLETS: Paulist Press, 401 West 59th Street, New York
Catholic Counselor's Book Shelf
Authors: Sullivan Daniel C.
Published: January 2012

COLLEGE ENTRANCE COUNSELOR: Louis K. Wechsler, Martin Blum and Sidney Friedman, New York

THE POPES ON YOUTH by Raymond B. Fullam
Catholic Counselor's Bookshelf
Authors: DONDERO AUSTIN
Published: January 2012

GUIDANCE POLICY AND PRACTICE Richard H. Mathewson

IT'S YOUR FUTURE. James J. Cribbin, Ph.D.; Reverend William J. McMahon, M.S.; Brother Philip Harris, O.S.F., Ph.D.

GUIDING TODAY'S YOUTH. Los Angeles County Public Schools
Catholic Counselor's Bookshelf
Authors: Dondero Brother Austin
Published: January 2012

Appraising Vocational Fitness By Means Of Psychological Tests. Donald E. Super and John O. Crites. New York: Harper, 1962

Psychological Counseling of Adolesscents. Raymond J. Steimel, Editor, Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1962.

Christian Marriage, Rev. Thomas E. Langer, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1962.
Job Satisfaction Researches of 1962
Authors: ROBINSON H. ALAN , CONNORS RALPH P.
Published: January 2012

This is the twenty‐first in a series. It covers reports published in 1962, plus earlier reports which have just come to the attention of the writers. Earlier summaries will be found in Job Satisfaction by Robert Hoppock (Harper & Bros., 1935) and in the following issues of Occupations: April, 1938; October, 1940; February, 1943; April, 1945; April, 1948; December, 1948; December, 1949; October, 1950; May, 1951; May, 1952. More recent summaries will be found in the following issues of the Personnel and Guidance Journal: September, 1953; September, 1954; May, 1955; May, 1956; September, 1957; September, 1958; May, 1959; September, 1960; December, 1961; November, 1962. Readers are invited to notify the authors of research appropriate for review in future articles.—Ed.
The Relation of Guidance to the Teaching of Reading
Authors: Strang Ruth
Published: January 2012

Counselors concerned with the preventive aspect of their work will suggest to administrators ways of improving reading instruction. They will stimulate, encourage, and assist teachers in improving their instruction in reading. The counselor will assist the reading teacher in identifying and grouping students who need special instruction in reading. If the counselor has had preparation in the teaching of reading, he can work with cases in which guidance problems turn into reading problems. There are many advantages in preparing dual specialists‐counselors who have acquired competence in working with reading problems, and reading specialists and consultants who have some competence in personnel work.
GATB Longitudinal Maturation Study
Authors: Droege Robert C.
Published: January 2012

This article describes results of the first in a series of three large‐scale longitudinal studies conducted by the U.S. Employment Service to increase the usefulness of the GATB for counseling high school students. The final sample consisted of 26,708 high school students. All were tested with the GATB in 1958, and those in the lower high school grades were retested in the twelfth grade. Results were as follows: (1) Stability coefficients were highest for the eleventh grade sample and lowest for the ninth grade sample. (2) Interval between initial testing and retesting had very little relationship to size of practice effect. (3) Maturation increases were largest between the ninth and twelfth grade and smallest between the eleventh and twelfth grade. (4) OAP stability was increased through use of a “band” around the cutting scores.
Predictive Indices of the GATB
Authors: Ingersoll Ralph W. , Peters Herman J.
Published: January 2012

The study reported here investigated the use of the General Aptitude Test Battery for identification and counseling of students in vocational and academic clases in Ohio secondary schools. Frequency distributions of the GATB aptitude scores were developed for 4,000 ninth‐ and tenth‐grade boys and girls. A multiple regression analysis was performed using the aptitude scores of the GATB as the independent variables, and point hour ratio and single subject grades at the end of one year as the dependent variables. Freshmen and sophomore grade‐point average separately and in combination were the criteria used to determine the predictive ability of the aptitudes of the GATB. The GATB was useful in the predictive role for ninth‐ and tenth‐grade achievement in most of the areas studied.
Elementary School Attendance as an Index of Guidance Needs
Authors: Kowitz Gerald T. , Kowitz Norma Giess
Published: January 2012

The attendance records of 235 second‐grade students were studied. Each child was classified by his teacher either into one of two problem groups (Learning‐Educational or Personal‐Social) or into one of two non‐problem groups (Enrichment or Average‐Normal). The teachers are represented in one of four groups: either being from a school serving a higher or a lower economic area and as having extended or limited classroom experience. Three types of absences were studied: single day, multiple day, and total days absent. Single day absences were expected to be most closely related to guidance needs. Multiple classification analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in the average number of days absent among the four pupil groups, and the four teacher groups or among their interactions, regardless of whether the data were single day, multiple day, or total days absent. Whether the data were studied in terms of pupil or teacher groups, the average number of days absent was never significantly different from zero. No support was found for the idea that school attendance is an index of pupil achievement or adjustment.