bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
100 ТОН ЗА ГОДИНУ, А ЩО ДАЛІ? ПОРІВНЮЄМО ТА АНАЛІЗУЄМО ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ФЛАГМАНСЬКИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ВИСОКОПРОДУКТИВНИХ ЗЕРНОЗБИРАЛЬНИХ КОМБАЙНІВ
Authors: Бурлака О. А. , Яхін С. В. , Падалка В. В. , Бурлака А. О.
Published: December 2021

У статті досліджуються та порівнюються основні характеристики флагманських моделей зер-нозбиральних комбайнів відомих світових фірм та брендів: Claas Lexion 8900 Terra Trac; New Holland CR 9.80; Case IH Axial-Flow 9240; John Deere X9110; Fendt IDEAL 10T; Tribine T-1000. За результа-тами огляду визначено, що: 1. Продуктивність флагманських зернозбиральних комбайнів таких брендів перебуває в межах 40…80 т/год, наближається до позначки 100 т/год. Конструктивна маса таких зернозбиральних комбайнів знаходиться в межах 20…22 т. Ємність бункера коливається в межах 12500…18000 л., а це приблизно до 12…17 т додаткової ваги при повністю завантаженому зерном бункері нам комбайн, і відповідно, підвищення тиску через опорні рушії на ґрунт. При цьому проблема переущільнення ґрунту розв’язується через використання напівгусеничного ходу. Ефектив-не високопродуктивне використання комбайнів фірм та брендів Claas, New Holland, Case, John Deere, Fendt можливо за умови застосування тандему сукупно з тракторами, що агрегатують при-чепи зерновози. 2. Чи потрібне подальше зростання продуктивності зернозбиральних комбайнів за рахунок збільшення їхніх розмірів? Питання залишається відкритим та дискусійним. Досить цікавим є розв’язання такої проблеми у Сполучених Штатах Америки звичайним фермером – Беном Діленом. Він запропонував нову архітектоніку та компонувальну схему побудови високопродуктивно-го зернозбирального комбайна Tribine T-1000. У цій моделі застосовано модульну конструкцію, бункер є заднім модулем – причепом, ємність бункера збільшена до 35 м3. Вивантаження проводиться безпосередньо у кузов вантажівки на краю поля. Конструкція комбайна, що складаєть-ся з двох напіврам. Керовані задні колеса дають можливість застосування при русі «крабового ходу», що зменшує ущільнення ґрунту. Інновації Claas, New Holland, Case, John Deere, Fendt направ-лені на розробку автономної роботизованої сільськогосподарської техніки. Інновації Tribine крім роботизації направлені на системи екологічно ощадного землеробства. Аграріям України при виборі сучасного зернозбирального комбайна чи трактора можна порекомендувати багатокритеріальне оцінювання та надання переваги складній сільськогосподарській техніці одного бренду, що надалі полегшить розв’язання проблем з технічним сервісом та використанням. А чи буде оператор зерноз-бирального комбайна майбутнього знаходитись у кабіні під час збирання врожаю, чи буде керувати машиною дистанційно, покаже час.
Ritual Sangal dalam Proses Sakai pada Masyarakat Bajo Sampela Desa Samabahari Kecamatan Kaledupa Kabupaten Wakatobi
Authors: Awat Rustam
Published: December 2021

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah; 1) bagaimana latar belakang munculnya ritual sangal pada masyarakat Bajo Sampela; 2) bagaimana tata cara pelaksanaan ritual sangalpada masyarakat Bajo Sampela. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui latarbelakang munculnya ritual sangal pada masyarakat Bajo Sampela; 2) untuk mengetahui tatacara pelaksanaan ritual sangal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriftif kualitatif. Sumber data dalampenelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Instrumen yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa; 1) Latar belakang munculnya ritual sangalberawal dari masyarakat Bajo yang hidup di soppe dimana mereka hidup nomaden/berpindahpindahtempat. Tempat yang mereka kunjungi harus melaksanakan ritual sangal agar mereka diberikankeselamatan saat mendiami tempat tersebut dan diberikan rizki yang berlimpahkemudian karena adanya kepercayaan mbo madilaut (nenek moyang di laut) sehinggadimanapun tempat mereka berada mereka harus meminta izin agar diberikan keselamatansaat mendiami tempat tersebut; 2) Tata cara pelaksanaan ritual sangal yang pertama tahappersiapan yaitu pembacaan doa, proses pemotongan bambu, penganyaman bambu sebagaiwadah penyimpanan sesajen persiapan sesajen yang berupa nasi 4 kepal, gambir, daun sirih,tembakau, pinang, Tahap pelaksanaan yaitu penyimpanan sesajen ke dalam bambu, prosespenurunan bambu ke dalam bodi, proses penancapan bambu di laut tahap penutup pembacaandoa dan makan bersama.
Makalah Muzakki dan Mustahik
Authors: Nuraeni
Published: December 2021

Muzakki adalah seseorang yang berkewajiban mengeluarkan zakat. Dan Mustahik adalah orang atau badan yang berhak menerima zakat. Dan Allah SWT telah menentukan golongan-golongan tertentu yang berhak menerima zakat, golongan tersebut yaitu : fakir, miski, amil zakat, muallaf, budak, gharim (orang yang berhutang), fi sabilillah, ibnu sabil.
Ritual Pengobatan Tradisional Laweho dan Sahawajo di Desa Kaofe Kecamatan Kadatua Kabupaten Buton Selatan
Authors: Awat Rustam
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sosial budaya termasuk dalam jenis penelitiankualitatif dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian iniadalah buku, arsip, artikel, jurnal, makalah dan lainnya sebagainya. Data penelitian inidikumpulkan dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan, wawancara dan observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa: 1) latar belakang adanya ritual pengobatantradisional laweho dan sahawajo disebabkan karena adanya kepercayaan masyarakat Kaofebahwa penyakit psikis dan fisik yang diderita oleh masyarakat disebabkan oleh gangguanmakhluk gaib atau roh jahat; 2) Tata cara pelaksanaan ritual pengobatan tradisional lawehodan sahawajo memiliki tahapan yang berbeda yaitu ritual laweho diawali penentuan waktudan penyiapan bahan, selanjutnya pembuatan tempat sesajen hingga membuat makanan untuksesajen, kemudian peletakan sesajen di setiap sudut desa dan pembacaan doa, sedangkanritual sahawajo diawali penentuan waktu dan penyiapan bahan pembuatan sesajen untukkelengkapan ritual, pembacaan doa, dan diakhiri dengan pelarungan sesajen ke laut.
Dоеs Еduсаtеd Саnаdiаn Suppоrt Dеfunding thе Pоliсе аnd Militаry?
Authors: Le Kien
Published: December 2021

Using dаtа frоm thе Саnаdiаn Sосiаl Survеy Prоgrаmmе (САN-SSP), this rеsеаrсh invеstigаtеs thе impасt оf еduсаtiоn оn Саnаdiаn аttitudеs аbоut publiс spеnding. Wе disсоvеrеd thаt еduсаtiоn hаd а nеgаtivе impасt оn Саnаdiаn аttitudеs аbоut militаry аnd pоliсе funding. In pаrtiсulаr, Саnаdiаns аrе 0.8 pеrсеntаgе pоints lеss likеly tо fаvоr militаry funding аnd 1.1 pеrсеntаgе pоints lеss likеly tо fаvоr pоliсе funding if thеy hаvе оnе mоrе yеаr оf sсhооling.
Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Deskripsi Menggunakan Media Sosial Instagram
Authors: Fauziah Indah
Published: December 2021

Di zaman saat ini tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa perkembangan serta kemajuan teknologi sangatlah pesat. Begitu juga dengan penggunaan media sosial yang tidak terbatas pada komunitas kalangan. Melainkan, sudah tersebar di seluruh lapisan kalangan terkhusus kalangan remaja. Media sosial yang dimaksud salah satunya adalah instagram. Instagram adalah sebuah media komunikasi yang relatif baru di mana pengguna dapat membagikan pembaruan mereka serta mengirimkan foto atau video (Hu et al., 2014). Hal menarik dari instagram adalah sebuah fitur yang dapat menambahkan sebuah teks yang biasa disebut caption untuk memberi penjelasan terhadap gambar atau video yang diunggah.Dalam ketenaran sebuah media sosial tersebut ada sisi yang sangat disayangkan, karena dinilai lebih banyak dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan media sosial instagram seperti penyebaran konten SARA, hoaks, dan lain-lain terutama di kalangan pelajar (Afrizal, 2020). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah inovasi agar media sosial khususnya instagram dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin dalam suasana belajar. Seperti halnya sebagai media pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi dan tentunya para peserta didik dapat mempraktikkan secara langsung menulis teks deskripsi tentang gambar yang dilihat dan juga diamati. Dengan ini sebuah media dapat mendukung dan memberikan manfaat dalam menciptakan pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan, salah satunya adalah penggunaan media sosial instagram dalam pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi. Sehingga, media sosial menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi pelajar.
Pasar dan Pemasaran
Authors: Awal Nurul
Published: December 2021

Pasar merupakan tempat berlangsungnya interaksi jual beli barang dan interaksi jasa. Pemasaran merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan antara penjual dan pembeli dalam lingkup yg luas. Pemasaran dapat dilakukan secara lansung maupun melalui online (media sosial).
Metode Pembelajaran : Panduan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas Pada Pendidikan Tingkat SD, SMP dan SMA
Authors: Suci Fatranita Putri Asyilla
Published: December 2021

Saat ini Corona menjadi pembicaraan yang hangat. Di belahan bumi manapun, corona masih mendominasi ruang publik. Dalam waktu singkat saja, namanya menjadi trending topik, dibicarakan di sana-sini, dan diberitakan secara masif di media cetak maupun elektronik. Hal tersebut membuat beberapa negara menetapkan kebijakan untuk memberlakukan lockdown dalam rangka mencegah penyebaran virus corona. Di Indonesia sendiri, diberlakukan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) untuk menekan penyebaran virus ini.Karena Indonesia sedang melakukan PSBB, maka semua kegiatan yang dilakukan di luar rumah harus dihentikan sampai pandemi ini mereda. Beberapa pemerintah daerah memutuskan menerapkan kebijakan untuk meliburkan siswa dan mulai menerapkan metode belajar dengan sistem daring (dalam jaringan) atau online. Kebijakan pemerintah ini mulai efektif diberlakukan di beberapa wilayah provinsi di Indonesia pada hari Senin, 16 Maret 2020 yang juga diikuti oleh wilayah-wilayah provinsi lainnya. Tetapi hal tersebut tidak berlaku bagi beberapa sekolah di tiap-tiap daerah. Sekolah-sekolah tersebut tidak siap dengan sistem pembelajaran daring, dimana membutuhkan media pembelajaran seperti handphone, laptop, atau komputer. Setelah berjalan nya waktu Pemerintah mencoba untuk melakukan pembelajaran tatap muka kembali secara bertahap , ini juga sudah di putuskan dengan keputusan bersama , yang dimaksud dengan tatap muka terbatas ialah tidak semua murid yang bersekolah tatap muka tapi di batasi demi menjaga keamanan dan ketentuan yang sudah di tentukan , seperti pada siswa sd mungkin kelas 1 sampai 3 masuk nya pada sesi pagi kelas 4 dan 6 pada sesi siang nya dan tetap mematuhi protokol yang sudah di tetapkan di sekolah masing-masing . dan bagi murid smp dan sma juga demikian seperti itu .
Makalah pasar dan pemasaran
Authors: Aulya Winda
Published: December 2021

pasar adalah tempat bertemunya penjual dan pembeli yang melakukan transaksi
Peran Pasar dan Pemasaran Di Masyarakat
Authors: Muhajir
Published: December 2021

Pasar dalam study kelayakan bisnis dan investasi membahas besarnya permintaan penawaran dan harga. Pemasaran adalah suatu proses sosial dan manajerial dimana individu dan kelompok memperoleh apa yang mereka butuhkan dan inginkan dengan cara menciptakan serta mempertukarkan produk dan nilai dengan pikak lain. Maka kedua aspek ini merupakan dua sisi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lainnya.Peran Aspek Pasar di masyarakat yaitu mengetahui jumlah permintaan dan penawaran dalam suatu pasar, memprediksi bentuk pasar, mengukur dan mengamalkan permintaan dan pengambilan keputusan. Sedangkan aspek pemasaran dalam studi kelayakan bisnis berperan sebagai penentu suatu posisi pasar, penentu segmentasi pasar, menganalisis persaingan, serta penggunaan bauran pemasaran yang sesuai dengan kondisi pasar.
Filsafat Dakwah Syaikh Al-Makassary
Authors: Mursalin Muflih
Published: December 2021

Ringkasan ini berisi tentang Filsafat Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassary yang berjudul Agama dan Bayang-Bayang Etis Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassari. Buku ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang dilatarbelakangi oleh kerisauan penulis terhadap krisis keindonesiaan pasca- reformasi, yang berakibat pada rapuhnya kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik, serta krisis moralitas yang melanda sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia.
Buckling and ultimate load prediction models for perforated steel beams using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Degtyarev Vitaliy , Tsavdaridis Konstantinos Daniel
Published: December 2021

Large web openings introduce complex structural behaviors and additional failure modes of steel cellular beams, which must be considered in the design using laborious calculations (e.g., exercising SCI P355). This paper presents seven machine learning (ML) models, including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), gradient boosting regressor (GBR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and gradient boosting with categorical features support (CatBoost), for predicting the elastic buckling and ultimate loads of steel cellular beams. Large datasets of finite element (FE) simulation results, validated against experimental data, were used to develop the models. The ML models were fine-tuned via an extensive hyperparameter search to obtain their best performance. The elastic buckling and ultimate loads predicted by the optimized ML models demonstrated excellent agreement with the numerical data. The accuracy of the ultimate load predictions by the ML models exceeded the accuracy provided by the existing design provisions for steel cellular beams published in SCI P355 and AISC Design Guide 31. The relative feature importance and feature dependence of the models were evaluated and discussed in the paper. An interactive Python-based notebook and a user-friendly web application for predicting the elastic buckling and ultimate loads of steel cellular beams using the developed optimized ML models were created and made publicly available. The web application deployed to the cloud allows for making predictions in any web browser on any device, including mobile. The source code of the application available on GitHub allows running the application locally and independently from the cloud service.
Reference values regarding measure of Basic Empathy Scale in forensic adolescents
Authors: Azeredo Andreia Alexandra Cunha , Figueiredo Patricia , Ramião Eduarda , Moreira Diana , Barroso Ricardo , Barbosa Fernando
Published: December 2021

Empathy has revealed a fundamental role in fostering prosocial and altruistic behavior. Conversely, empathic dysfunction has been associated with antisocial behavior (ASB). The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) has been the most used instrument to measure empathy in studies with children and adolescents in forensic settings. Thus, we conducted a systematic review in order to establish reference values for BES in children and adolescents with conduct disorder/antisocial behavior (CD/ASB) and typical controls. Studies related to the topic were obtained from multiple databases (e.g., EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science), through rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only papers with empirical and quantitative methodologies from scientific and academic publications were included. A total of 311 studies were identified through database searches and 15 articles were retained for this review. The findings reveal lower empathy scores in children and adolescents with CD/AB (pooled mean for the total scale = 52.32; mean for cognitive empathy = 30.86; pooled mean for affective empathy = 28.83) than controls (pooled mean for the total scale = 67.20; pooled mean for cognitive empathy = 34.04; pooled mean for affective empathy = 32.30). This review provides reference values that can be useful for the application of the BES and the interpretation of its results, both in clinical practice and in future research with children and adolescents.
False memories for true and false vaccination information form in line with pre-existing vaccine opinions
Authors: Greene Ciara , Hegarty Karen , de Saint Laurent Constance , Murphy Gillian
Published: December 2021

Misinformation has continually threatened efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic, with vaccine misinformation now a key concern. False memories for misinformation can influence behavioural intentions, yet little is known about the factors affecting (false) memories for vaccine-related news items. Across two experiments (total N = 1,481), this paper explores the effects of pre-existing vaccine opinions on reported memories for true and false news items. In Study 1, participants (n = 817) were exposed to fabricated pro- or anti-vaccine news items, and then asked if they have a memory of this news event having occurred. In Study 2, participants (n = 646) were exposed to true pro- or anti-vaccine news items. The results showed that news items were more likely to be remembered when they aligned with participants’ pre-existing vaccine beliefs. We conclude by encouraging researchers to consider the role of attitudinal bias when developing interventions to reduce susceptibility to misinformation.
Limits of cross-modal plasticity? Short-term visual deprivation does not enhance cardiac interoception, thermosensation, or tactile spatial acuity
Authors: Radziun Dominika , Crucianelli Laura , Ehrsson H. Henrik
Published: December 2021

In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-term visual deprivation on discriminative touch, cardiac interoception, and thermosensation by asking 64 healthy volunteers to perform four behavioral tasks. The experimental group contained 32 subjects who were blindfolded and kept in complete darkness for 110 minutes, while the control group consisted of 32 volunteers who were not blindfolded but were otherwise kept under identical experimental conditions. Both groups performed the required tasks three times: before and directly after deprivation (or control) and after an additional washout period of 40 minutes, in which all participants were exposed to normal light conditions. Our results showed that short-term visual deprivation had no effect on any of the senses tested. This finding suggests that short-term visual deprivation does not modulate basic bodily senses and extends this principle beyond tactile processing to the interoceptive modalities of cardiac and thermal sensations.
Tablet-based Fluency: A novel approach to assessing basic arithmetic skills at scale.
Authors: Roy Ethan , Guillaume Mathieu , Van Rinsveld Amandine , McCandliss Bruce
Published: December 2021

Fluency in mental arithmetic is regarded as a foundational math skill typically measured as a single construct with pencil and paper-based assessments. Here we introduce a novel tablet-based paradigm that allows for the rapid assessment of single-digit fluency while also capturing trial to trial information. We administered our tablet-based assessment of single digit arithmetic across a large (n=914), diverse cohort of 3rd- 7th grade students (ages 7-13 years). The tablet-based paradigm enabled us to analyze performance across individual items, allowing us to capture established effects, such as operation and operand distance. We also distinguished problems that are common in arithmetic tests from those that are generally excluded from such assessments. Fluency with problems commonly included in arithmetic assessments also proved to be a stronger predictor of achievement on state-mandated standardized tests than traditional aggregate raw scores. This fluency across problem sets also partially mediated the relationship between parental income and mathematics achievement. Finally, we explore how speed-accuracy tradeoffs differ across these two problem types and find that they become more similar as a function of both age and overall math achievement. We propose that assessing single-digit arithmetic with this novel tablet-based paradigm reliably replicates known effects from laboratory based studies in an efficient 3-minute session. This form of assessment is vital for large-scale datasets looking to explore the development of mathematical cognition.
Populist Voting in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election: Voter Deficiencies or a Reaction to Disadvantages?
Authors: Gellersen Josephine , Kuppens Toon , Stroebe Katherine
Published: December 2021

What drives people to vote for a populist politician like Donald Trump? Many have explained “Trumpism” by referring to voters’ racism or low intellect, not least because low education predicted Trump voting. Few have considered whether reactions to the perceived disadvantages lower educated people experience may also affect vote choice. We investigated whether voting Trump may be explained by societal discontent, and why. Prior research on populism has not explored psychological mechanisms relating discontent to populism. We propose that the relation between discontent and populism is explained by the perception that populists care about voters’ struggles and the hope that they will address them . We examined correlates of voting Republican in the 2016, 2012, and 2008 presidential elections. Different from Republican voting in previous years, lower education predicted Trump voting via societal discontent, hope and care. Societal discontent was more strongly related to Trump voting compared to Republican voting in previous elections. This relation was mediated by hope and care. Importantly, racist attitudes did not predict voting Trump better than it did voting Republican in other years.
A qualitative study into the experience of living with acalculia after stroke and other forms of acquired brain injury
Authors: Benn Yael , Jayes Mark , Casassus Martin , Williams Marney , Jenkinson Colin , McGowan Ellen , Conroy Paul
Published: December 2021

Acalculia, an acquired disability following a stroke or brain injury, involves difficulty processing numerical information and/ or calculations. Acalculia is not routinely screened for, and as a result there is a lack of understanding about the nature and prevalence and the impact of the condition. This qualitative study was initiated by stroke survivors with a strong interest in acalculia. Sixteen stroke/brain injury survivors with acalculia and seven carers were interviewed using semi-structured online interviews. Participants ranged in age, gender, time post onset, country of residence and numeracy level prior to brain injury. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: Awareness and Diagnosis; Emotional and Practical Impact (independence); Support, Coping Strategies and Self-training. Participants and carers repeatedly referred to the lack of awareness and treatment for acalculia and the impact acalculia has had on their lives and independence. Practical impacts included managing money, making appointments, using timetables, organising social activities and employment, and managing medication. Our results highlight the urgent need to develop suitable assessments and interventions for acalculia and the scope for this to be PCPI-led. The data also reveal useful strategies and suggestions regarding effective timing, targets and approaches for intervention.
COVID-19 Exposes Digital Divide, Social Stigma and Information Crisis in Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Islam Mohammad Morshedul , Zakaria Muhammad
Published: December 2021

This paper gives an overview of digital inequalities and sociocultural factors (e.g., stigma, religious faith) associated with health-related misinformation during COVID-19 in Bangladesh. It aims to explore how digital inequalities, digital surveillance, socio-cultural and religious factors, and health-related misinformation spread through social media have further exacerbated the crisis. Highlighting the growing digital inequalities and health crisis in Bangladesh, it proposes some recommendations to ensure digital inclusion and improve overall public health education and change behaviour in order to mitigate the risks of COVID-19. This essay will provide a forum and research agenda for academicians and practitioners from the Global South to develop and identify new opportunities or challenges regarding emerging health crisis issues relevant to communication practice in the use of digital media and technology.
Feldforschung im postsowjetischen Raum. Methodologische Reflexion international vergleichender sonderpädagogischer Forschung
Authors: Koch Katja , Kehl Stephan
Published: December 2021

Our research on dangers of excluding people with disabilities and the scope of actions that aim at supporting their inclusion in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan has revealed the challenging circumstances empirical studies face in intercultural fields. These challenges, as identified in our study, suggest an increased necessity of iterative (self-)reflection in the research process. This is a valuable outcome of our study that is not constraint to international contexts.
Institutionalisierung und Transformation: Bildungs- und Lernprozesse in und von (Protest-)Bewegungen
Authors: Deutschmann Anna
Published: December 2021

The corona-pandemic demonstrates that times of crisis are characterized by their specific dynamic especially through their social and political processing. They are often accompanied by an increased or more visible civil society engagement. This can result in further social changes, such as protests or demonstrations resulting in political or media debates. The actors involved – e. g. the current Fridays for Future movement - are important for the targeted change, as well as the organizational structures and the context (opportunity structures) that determines civil society actions. What significance do social movements have for sustainable (social) development and to what extent can they be understood as social and individual learning or educational spaces? In this paper, I present central theoretical strands of the research on social movements and their development. Then I focus on the associated learning and educational processes in and for movements and the actors involved. The example of ecological movements and Fridays for Future illustrates how social transformation and individual engagement and learning are related to one another.
Nutrient intake and dietary pattern among pregnant women visiting the tertiary level hospital of Nepal
Authors: Timilsina Amit , Paudel Rajan , Shrestha Anisha
Published: December 2021

Background: Pregnancy demands adequate nutritional requirements for foetal growth, good health of pregnant women and to avoid adverse effects during pregnancy. Women from developing countries with limited resources have inadequate consumption of nutritional diets. This paper assesses the nutrient intake and dietary pattern of Nepalese pregnant women compared with recommended nutrient intake. This paper also observes trimester wise nutrient intake among pregnant women in Nepal.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 pregnant women who visited Gynaecology and Obstetrics Out-Patient Department (OPD) at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) for regular Antenatal Care (ANC) check-ups. Systematic random sampling methods were followed and data were collected from September 2016 to October 2016. Nutrient intake was evaluated with a 24-hour dietary recall method and compared with the Nepalese Food Composition Table 2017 for available nutrients. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted to assess the nutrient intake of the respondents. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and statistical analysis was carried out in SPSS v26. The descriptive analysis was done to identify the distribution of socio-demographic variables of pregnant women. The one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean of nutrient intake distribution while Tukey’s post-hoc test was done to compare trimester-wise nutrient intakes.Results: Except for fat, the intake of nutrients were below the Nepalese Recommended Nutrient Intake. Carbohydrate and energy intake in the second and third trimester was significantly different from that in the first trimester (p = 0.006 and 0.004 respectively for carbohydrates and p = 0.009 and 0.002 respectively for energy intake). However, riboflavin intake was significantly lower only in the third trimester as compared to the first (p = 0.025) while there were no significant intake differences between the first and second trimester and second and third trimester. No significant trimester wise differences were observed for intake distribution of other nutrients. Cereal intake was found to be abundant in the diet of pregnant women followed by pulses, legumes, and other vegetables.Conclusion: The research concludes inadequate nutrient intake among pregnant women as compared to the national Recommended Nutrient Intake.
Study of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus
Authors: Sintakala Chandan , Manandhar Prabina
Published: December 2021

Background

Nutrient foramen is the gateway for the nutrient artery to provide nutrition in different parts of the bone which play important role in healing during fracture, trauma and also important for bone grafting. The aim the study is to identify the number of nutrient foramen in dry humerus and to observe direction as well as allocation of the nutrient foramen in surfaces and borders.

Methods

The sample for the study were collected from medical and dental colleges of Nepal in years ranging from 2018 to 2020 AD and the height were measured by the help of using vernier caliper, probe was introduced in nutrient foramen to confirmed its direction. The numbers of nutrient foramen were noted in copy and analyzed the statistics by using software called the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 20.

Results

In the study of 200 sample of humerus from the department of anatomy from different medical and dental college of Nepal includes Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu University School of Medical Science, M.B. kedia Dental College and Lumbini Medical College. Out of 200 sample, 74 were right and 126 were left Humerus of human body. In 143 bone (i.e. 71.5%) a single nutrient foramen is present, in 44 bone (i.e. 22.0%) double nutrient foramen is present and triple nutrient foramen was also observed in 9 bone (i.e. 4.5%)whereas in 4 bone (i.e. 2.0%) no nutrient foramen were noticied. It was also noticed that nutrient foramen in 173, 15 and 3 bones were observed at medial, lateral and posterior border respectively. According to the foraminal index 1(0.5%) bone comes under Zone I, 182(91%) in zone II and zone III consists of 13(6.5%) bone and average foramina index of bone is calculated as 56.18 and the average length of Humerus is calculated as 27cm. Pearson correlation is significant at the 0.05 level which is significant for bone having single, double and triple nutrient foramen. In the study the nutrient foramen of 98.47% (193) Humerus directed downward toward the distal end of bone whereas in 1.53% (3) of bone nutrient foramen is directed vertically downward and no nutrient foramen is directed upward toward the proximal end.

Conclusions

Most of the nutrient foramen of humerus follows as per rule where as some of the bone with no nutrient foramen were founded and our result support the former researchers too.
Assessment and Correlation of Uric Acid Concentration in Saliva and Serum of Patients Attending Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Gautam Surakchhya , Thapa Sangita , Khapung Anju
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background

Serum uric acid (UA) is associated with many health conditions, including renal, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Diagnosis and monitoring often require painful invasive procedures which will add undue stress to the patients. The aim of this study was to correlate salivary and serum UA, so that, salivary sampling will help to bypass these measures and evaluate the condition of both healthy and the diseased.

Methods

This hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 100 participants between age groups 21 to 82 years. Demographic data including height, weight and blood pressure were recorded. Serum and salivary samples were collected and UA level in both type of samples were estimated and correlation statistics was carried out.

Results

Total participants are categorized in three groups, 20-40, 41-60 and more than 60 years, among which maximum participants 43% are between 41-60 years of age. Average of body mass index (BMI) was found to be 24.46, where 50% were within normal range. Mean serum and salivary UA(mg/dl) was 4.15 and 1.90 respectively, exhibiting moderate positive correlation. They were correlated with significant “p-value” according to gender, age groups and disease conditions. Paired t- test was done between the measured and calculated salivary UA and no statistically significant difference in mean of these two values was obtained.

Conclusions

Salivary and serum UA are associated in our study so salivary UA can be used as a biomarker. Salivary UA was found to be more gender specific and specific among adults. Salivary UA can also be used as a screening tools for young and adult population.
Pattern of Injury among Orthopaedic Inpatients in a Teaching Hospital in Central Nepal
Authors: Bidary Suraj , Pandey Suresh , Gupta Hemant Kumar , Aryal Roshani , Bhattarai Kushal
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally with the majority of them being orthopaedic in nature and are the resultants of fall, road traffic accidents (RTA), physical assault amongst others. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of musculoskeletal injury among orthopaedic inpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of orthopaedic surgery at College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital (COMS-TH), Bharatpur from January to December 2019. Patients presenting with orthopaedic injury and admitted and treated as inpatients were assessed for their demographic details, mode of injury and other patterns of injury and descriptive analysis was done.

Results: In a total of 1027 patients, the mean age was 33.4 years (range: 1.0 - 95.0). Most of them (74.5%) were male. Right side was the most predominant side of injury (53.8%). Students were most commonly affected groups (34.8%). RTA was the most common mode of injury (66.9%). The commonest pattern of injury was fracture (70.1%). Closed bony injuries were sustained by 74.1%. Head injury was the most commonly associated injury.

Conclusions: The commonest mode of injury was RTA. Closed fracture was the most common type of fracture. Extremity injury was the most common site and head injury was the commonest associated injury. These patterns can serve as valuable tools in clinical decision making and further research studies.
Histological Studies on Foetal Thyroid Gland of Developing Human Foetuses
Authors: Mukhia Rajeev , Mansur Dil Islam , Pandey Mahendra Raj
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Thyroid gland is the first endocrine gland to develop. It is one of the organs of interest for researchers since a long time. Though, detailed study about adult thyroid is there in the literature but histological study of thyroid gland at different stages in the foetal period is far and few. The present study aims to assess the histogenesis of thyroid gland and also to correlate the functional activity with structural changes in thyroid gland.

Methods: The study was carried out on 30 foetal thyroid gland of known gestational age ranging from 10 to 38 weeks foetuses. The midline dissection of neck was done to expose the thyroid gland. After tissue processing, paraffin blocks were prepared. All sections were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin stain.

Results: In the foetuses, below 12th gestational week no colloid was detected in thyroid gland.  First appearance of colloid was observed at 14th gestational week. Parafollicular cells were found after 17th gestational week. Capsule thickness and gland vascularity increased with advancement of gestational age. The size of the peripheral follicles is larger than the central follicles.

Conclusions: The study concluded the developmental stage of foetal thyroid as Precolloidal stage, Colloid formation stage, Follicular stage and Maturation stage in different gestational weeks. The knowledge on the growth and differentiation of foetal thyroid will be helpful to the clinicians to judge the thyroid structure in preterm babies.
Prevalence of Anxiety and its Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Neurosurgical Center in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Gajuryal Sharad Hari , Pant Basant , Chandra Avinash , Acharya Sameer , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Shrestha Gambhir , Ghimire Navalok Sharma
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The co-existence of anxiety disorders in patients with neurological and neurosurgical disease is in association with barriers to treatment and worsening medical outcomes. This study aims to identify the prevalence and correlation of anxiety in a tertiary neurological center in Kathmandu, Nepal.
 Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary neurological center in Kathmandu in patients undergoing major neurosurgical procedure. A semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics and medical history were used to collect data. Nepali translated Hospital Anxiety Scale, AUDIT, and Fragesterum Questionnaire were used to assess the anxiety level, alcohol dependence and tobacco dependence among the participants respectively. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression were used to test the association of anxiety with independent variables.
Results: A total of 260 patients participated in this study with the mean age of 45.7 ( SD 17.9) years. Out of total participants, 174 (66.9%) were found to have anxiety. Anxiety was found to be associated with older age group (OR=0.333, 95% CI=0.19-0.58), low education level (OR=2.176, CI=1.28-3.70) and presence of at least one chronic disease other than neurological condition (OR=2.034, 95% CI=1.14-3.63).
Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of anxiety in patient who are undergoing neurosurgical procedure. The need for a focused approach to mental health care within the hospital should be implemented with a friendly environment making better relationships between patient and healthcare staff.
Role of Ultrasonography in Predicting Gastro-oesophageal Varices in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Gyawali Merina , Acharya Ramesh Raj
Published: December 2021

IntroductionUpper Gastrointestinal endoscopy is considered the best screening tool in detecting gastroesophagealvarices in patients with cirrhosis. Ultrasonography of the abdomen can be used forassessment of liver and portal system. This research was undertaken to demonstrate that theportal vein diameter and splenic size by ultrasonography can be used as a non-invasive predictorof gastro-esophageal varices.

MethodsA cross-sectional hospital based study comprising of 290 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosiswere enrolled between November 2019 to November 2020. Clinical profile at admission andsonological splenic size and portal vein diameter were studied in all cirrhotic patients. Patientswere classified into 2 groups: one with presence of varices and second without varices. Data entrywas done in Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 20.

ResultsThe mean age of subjects was 52±13.26 years with a range of 27 – 82 years of age (M:F=2:1). Thecommonest etiology of cirrhosis was chronic alcohol consumption. The prevalence of varices incirrhotics was 42.8%. Average portal vein diameter of patients without gastro-esophageal variceswas 11.12 ± 1.36 mm, while it was 12.81 ± 1.62 mm in patients with varices (p < 0.001). Averagespleen size in cirrhotics without varices was 12.44 ± 1.32 cm and with varices was 14.32 ± 2.42 cm.This difference was also statistically significant (p < 0.001).

ConclusionsMeasurement of portal vein diameter and spleen size by ultrasonography can be recommendedas a non invasive predictor for gastro-oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis .

Keywords: cirrhosis; portal vein diameter; spleen size; ultrasonography; gastro-oesophageal varices
Demographic Profile of Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy at a Tertiary Care Centre in Central Nepal
Authors: Belbase Narayan Prasad , Karki Mukesh , Dewan Kush Raj , Mishra Rohit
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Colonoscopy is one of the useful diagnostic tool to evaluate lower gastrointestinal tract. Theaim of this study was to evaluate patient characteristics, common symptoms, colonoscopicfindings and histopathology findings by reviewing colonoscopy procedures.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at College of Medical Sciences and teaching hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal over a period of three years (1st January 2017 – 31st December 2019). Census sampling method was used to retrieve the data. Patients characteristics, indications, duration of symptoms and findings were retrieved from the endoscopy record register and histopathology finding of those patients whose biopsy were taken were retrieved from the pathology department record file. 

Results: Over a three years period 324 colonoscopy were reviewed.The mean age of the study populationwas 48.77+/-17.35 years. Male to female ratio was 1.38:1. The most common indication forcolonoscopy was pain abdomen with mucus in stool in 25.3% patients followed by bleedingper rectum in 21.3% patients. Other than normal colonoscopy the most common findings wereHaemorrhoids in 20.1% patients and inflammatory or ulcerative lesions in 17.6% patients.Colorectal malignancy was seen in 6.48% patients. Colonoscopic biopsy was done in 114patients. The common biopsy findings were ulcerative colitis in 12.7%, adenomatous polypin 6.8%, adenocarcinoma in 6.5% of the total study patients.Poorly differentiated carcinomawas found more in the younger age group and males were more commonly affected withcolorectal cancers than females.Conclusions: The most common indication for colonoscopy was pain abdomen with mucus in stool in25.3% patients. The common findings were Haemorrhoids in 20.1% patients and inflammatoryor ulcerative lesions in 17.6% patients. Colorectal malignancy was seen in 6.48% patients.The common biopsy findings were ulcerative colitis in 12.7%, adenomatous polyp in 6.8%,adenocarcinoma in 6.5% of the total study patients. Males were more commonly affected withcolorectal cancers than females.Keywords: Colonoscopy, lower gastrointestinal tract, colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis,haemorrhoids.
The impact of shear wall location on the seismic response of RC frame buildings resting on sloping ground
Authors: Acharya Upama , Shrestha Jagat Kumar
Published: December 2021

It is observed during the past earthquakes, buildings in hilly regions have experienced high degree of damage leading to collapse though they have been designed for safety of the occupants against natural hazards. Hence, while adopting practice of multistory buildings in these hilly and seismically active areas, utmost care should be taken for making these buildings earthquake resistant. For the buildings on sloping ground, the height of columns below plinth level is not same which affects the performance of building during earthquake. Hence to improve the seismic performance of building shear walls play very important role.It is very necessary to determine the most effective location of shear walls. Shear wall arrangement must be accurate, because if not, it will cause negative effect instead. This paper is aimed at predicting the effect of positioning RC shear wall of different shape on the structural response of RC building resting on sloping ground. Eight models have been prepared considering earth pressure and without considering earth pressure. The displacement of building is to be determined by nonlinear static pushover analysis. For the purpose of pushover analysis and response spectrum analysis finite element-based software SAP 2000 has been utilized.
Study of small signal stability using PSAT including DFIG based wind penetration
Authors: Pandey Ram Prasad
Published: December 2021

In early days of power engineering, the power system consisting of synchronous generators faced different low frequency oscillation problems and they were solved by different researchers by using suitably AVR and PSS. Later, the electricity industry is turning increasingly to renewable sources of energy to generate electricity. Wind is the fastest growing and the most widely utilized emerging renewable energy technology for power generation at present. With the increasing penetration of wind power in the power system, the impact in power system performance should be fully investigated, particularly for doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) wind turbine since this type of renewable source is gaining prominence in the power system industry. Main purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of wind power integration in the low grid from low frequency oscillation perspective. The benchmarked Two Area System is considered for this analysis using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). The critical modes of oscillation are selected from eigenvalue analysis and their participation factors are studied to identify their sensitivity. Also the time domain analysis is run in every cases to study the transient stability. From TAS, concept of local and global mode oscillation can be understood clearly. Replacing synchronous generators in TAS by DFIG WTG one by one of same rating gave conclusion that low frequency stability depends on the location of DFIG penetration and operating scenario. The results show that there is both beneficial and detrimental effects due to DFIG WTGs. The installation of PSS in the critical generators greatly enhances the system damping.
Design of wireless device to measure plantar pressure and gait analysis
Authors: Khatri Mahendra , Dabadi Sambardhan , Shrestha Sandeep Kumar , Acharya Saugat , Tamang Sudip , Shakya Swornima
Published: December 2021

Foot plantar pressure is the pressure field that acts between the plantar region of the foot and supporting ground. The pressure exerted on the variable region of the foot can be determined using discrete pressure sensors. Information obtained from these sensors is useful in the measurement of gait and posture for diagnosing various problems associated with a lower limb, footwear design, and sports biomechanics.
This project is aimed to design a portable in-shoe plantar pressure and gyroscope-based gait angle measurement system. Six Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) placed in the sole (hallux, 1st, 5th metatarsal, midfoot lateral, midfoot medial and heel respectively) detects the plantar pressure and gyroscope placed at the ankle, knee and hip help measure the orientation and angle of joint movement during various phases of gait. The study among 16 male and 16 female subjects illustrated the significant pressure variation (p<0.0001, t=5.17 with α=95%). Similarly, there was a significant difference in pressure between normal and fast walking speed (p<0.0001, t=5.88) with mean values of 353Kpa and 426Kpa respectively. The mean pressure value for slow walking speed was 423Kpa while there was no significant variation between slow and normal walking speeds (p=0.62, t=1.98). Plantar pressure increased linearly with an increase in the body weight of a person as well. The mean pressure for the 45-50 age group was 313.25Kpa and that for 70-75 was 449Kpa. The study among 10 diabetics and 10 non-diabetic subjects illustrated significantly higher pressure on 1st and 5th metatarsal on diabetic subjects (p=0.0207 and t=2.536).
The movement of ankle, knee and hip joint is visualized using the 3D model of a lower limb through processing software. The study illustrated the range of ankle joint movement between -60(dorsiflexion) to 200(plantarflexion), for knee joint was 00 to 300 (flexion) and that for hip joint was -50(extension) to 400(flexion). There was a significant difference in angular values for all three joints while climbing up and down the staircase as compared to walk in a level surface.