bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative Interpersonal Interactions and Dating Abuse Perpetration: The Mediating Role of Dispositional Forgivingness
Authors: Garthe Rachel C. , Griffin Brandon J. , Worthington Everett L. , Goncy Elizabeth A. , Sullivan Terri N. , Coleman Jennifer A. , Davis Don E. , Kwakye-Nuako Charlotte O. , Mokushane Thapelo , Makola Solomon , Anakwah Nkansah
Published: June 2017

Theory and research suggest that an individual’s negative interactions with his or her parents or romantic partner are associated with the perpetration of dating abuse. Research is beginning to explore the role of forgivingness within abusive romantic relationships, and these preliminary findings suggest that dispositional forgivingness might mediate the relations between negative interpersonal interactions and dating abuse. The current study assessed negative interactions with one’s parents and one’s romantic partner, the frequency of dating abuse perpetration, and dispositional forgivingness of others and oneself among a sample of emerging adults in college ( n = 421). Dispositional forgivingness of others was negatively associated with the perpetration of emotional/verbal dating abuse and threatening behaviors, and it mediated relations between negative interpersonal interactions and dating abuse perpetration. Our findings suggest that the tendency to forgive others may explain why some individuals who experience negative interpersonal interactions with parents or romantic partners do not escalate to perpetration of abuse within their romantic relationships. Implications for future research and application are discussed.
Gestalt Breastfeeding: Helping Mothers and Infants Optimize Positional Stability and Intraoral Breast Tissue Volume for Effective, Pain-Free Milk Transfer
Authors: Douglas Pamela , Keogh Renee
Published: June 2017

In the past decade, biological nurturing and activation of maternal and infant instincts after birth have constituted a major advance in clinical breastfeeding support. Yet, physiologic breastfeeding initiation is not enough to ensure ongoing pain-free and effective breastfeeding for many pairs. Current interventions, including “hands-off” mammalian approaches, do not improve breastfeeding outcomes, including in randomized controlled trials. Back-arching, difficulty latching or staying on the breast, and fussing at the breast are common signs of infant positional instability during breastfeeding. These cues are, however, often misdiagnosed as signs of medical conditions or oral connective tissue abnormalities, and underlying positional instability is not addressed. New clinical approaches are urgently required. This article offers a clinical approach to fit and hold (or latch and positioning)— gestalt breastfeeding, which aims to optimize positional stability and intraoral breast tissue volumes for pain-free effective breastfeeding. The word gestalt (pronounced “ger-shtolt”) means a whole that is more than the sum of its parts. Gestalt breastfeeding builds on the theoretical foundations of complexity science, physiologic breastfeeding initiation, and new understandings of the biomechanics of infant suck elucidated in ultrasound studies. It also integrates simple psychological strategies from applied functional contextualism, popularly known as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, empowering women to attend mindfully to breast sensations and their infant’s cues. Gestalt breastfeeding can be reproduced for research purposes, including in comparison studies with oral surgery, and has the potential to improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of basalt and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 hybrid composites
Authors: Szakács József , Mészáros László
Published: June 2017

In this study, a new type of carbon nanotube (CNT) and micro fiber (carbon or basalt)-reinforced polyamide 6 hybrid composites were prepared and investigated. Hybrid composites were produced by melt compounding, and specimens were injection molded. Thanks to the proper dispersion of CNT, a remarkable increment in tensile properties was exhibited. The scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces of the tensile-tested materials revealed that during composite preparation the presence of the fibers in the melt facilitated a better dispersion of the CNT, which explains the enhancement in the tensile properties. The deformation components of the materials were also examined at different load levels. The presence of carbon nanotubes decreased residual deformation at every applied load level. Protruding fiber length investigation revealed that improved mechanical properties are not related to fiber-matrix adhesion but to the reinforcing and stress homogenization effect of nanotubes in the matrix.
Finding Paradise Within: How Spirituality Protects Palliative Care Clients and Caregivers From Depression
Authors: Penman Joy
Published: June 2017

The aims of this article are to explore the experience of depression among palliative care clients and caregivers, describe the strategies they use in coping with depression, and clarify the role of spirituality in preventing and/or overcoming depression. This article discusses an aspect of the findings of a larger doctoral study that explored the nature of spirituality and spiritual engagement from the viewpoint of individuals with life-limiting conditions and their caregivers. van Manen’s phenomenology was used in the study. The data generated from the doctoral study were subjected to secondary analysis to uncover the experience of depression. The methodology underpinning the secondary analysis was phenomenology also by van Manen. Fourteen clients and caregivers from across regional and rural South Australia informed the study. Data collection involved in-depth nonstructured home-based interviews that were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The findings highlighted relate to participants succumbing to depression, but having spiritual beliefs and practices helped them cope. One of the most insightful understanding was the role spirituality played in protecting individuals from depression, encapsulated in the theme “finding paradise within.” Spirituality, understood from a religious or secular perspective, must be embedded in palliative care as it assisted in preventing and overcoming depression.
Uncommon exit arrangement effects in airplane emergency evacuation
Authors: Martínez-Val R , Hedo JM , Pérez E
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the effects of uncommon exit size and location arrangement in the emergency evacuation of transport airplanes. The analysis is carried out by means of an agent-based computer model conceived to simulate the evacuation of narrow-body aircraft as required in the certification process, as well as for design purposes. The simulation model provides full evacuation data of all occupants: escape route followed, distance to exit, time to reach the ground, etc., as well as those of the whole cabin: exit utilization patterns, evacuation histograms, chronolines and total evacuation time. The present research concentrates on the effect of uncommon exit size and location arrangements, such as large longitudinal shifting and/or suppression of some of the exits in the evacuation performance.
Pupillary Responses to Words That Convey a Sense of Brightness or Darkness
Authors: Mathôt Sebastiaan , Grainger Jonathan , Strijkers Kristof
Published: June 2017

Theories about embodiment of language hold that when you process a word’s meaning, you automatically simulate associated sensory input (e.g., perception of brightness when you process lamp) and prepare associated actions (e.g., finger movements when you process typing). To test this latter prediction, we measured pupillary responses to single words that conveyed a sense of brightness (e.g., day) or darkness (e.g., night) or were neutral (e.g., house). We found that pupils were largest for words conveying darkness, of intermediate size for neutral words, and smallest for words conveying brightness. This pattern was found for both visually presented and spoken words, which suggests that it was due to the words’ meanings, rather than to visual or auditory properties of the stimuli. Our findings suggest that word meaning is sufficient to trigger a pupillary response, even when this response is not imposed by the experimental task, and even when this response is beyond voluntary control.
Recognizing Faces
Authors: Young Andrew W. , Burton A. Mike
Published: June 2017

The idea that most of us are good at recognizing faces permeates everyday thinking and is widely used in the research literature. However, it is a correct characterization only of familiar-face recognition. In contrast, the perception and recognition of unfamiliar faces can be surprisingly error-prone, and this has important consequences in many real-life settings. We emphasize the variability in views of faces encountered in everyday life and point out how neglect of this important property has generated some misleading conclusions. Many approaches have treated image variability as unwanted noise, whereas we show how studies that use and explore the implications of image variability can drive substantial theoretical advances.
Can We Detect Cooperators by Looking at Their Face?
Authors: Bonnefon Jean-François , Hopfensitz Astrid , De Neys Wim
Published: June 2017

Humans are willing to cooperate with each other for mutual benefit—and to accept the risk of exploitation. To avoid collaborating with the wrong person, people sometimes attempt to detect cooperativeness in others’ body language, facial features, and facial expressions. But how reliable are these impressions? We review the literature on the detection of cooperativeness in economic games, from those with protocols that provide a lot of information about players (e.g., through long personal interactions) to those with protocols that provide minimal information (e.g., through the presentation of passport-like pictures). This literature suggests that people can detect cooperativeness with a small but significant degree of accuracy when they have interacted with or watched video clips of other players, but that they have a harder time extracting information from pictures. The conditions under which people can detect cooperation from pictures with better than chance accuracy suggest that successful cooperation detection is supported by purely intuitive processes.
Interfacing With Faces: Perceptual Humanization and Dehumanization
Authors: Fincher Katrina M. , Tetlock Philip E. , Morris Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This article links the visual perception of faces and social behavior. We argue that the ways in which people visually encode others’ faces—a rapid-fire perceptual categorization—can result in either humanizing or dehumanizing modes of perception. Our model suggests that these perceptual pathways channel subsequent social inferences and behavior. We focus on the construct of perceptual dehumanization, which involves a shift from configural to featural processing of human faces and, in turn, enables the infliction of harm, such as harsh punishments. We discuss visual attention as an antecedent of perceptual modes and consequent modes of social behavior and speculate about the functions of humanization and dehumanization in sustaining macro-level social structures.
Chasing Success: An Empirical Model for IT Governance Frameworks Adoption in Australia
Authors: Vatanasakdakul Savanid , Aoun Chadi , Chen Yang (Nicole)
Published: June 2017

Over the past few decades, information technology (IT) has played a central role in transforming society and enabling the knowledge economy. Such transformation has also introduced new problems, leading to a growing need among organisations to adopt IT governance frameworks in order to provide assurance that their IT operations meet required standards and community expectations. However, the adoption of such frameworks is a complex phenomenon fraught with risks and challenges, and is yet to attract adequate research attention. This study explores factors influencing the success of IT governance frameworks adoption by proposing an integrated research model that draws upon the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework and the Delone and McLean’s information systems (IS) success model. Data were collected from 126 Australian organisations that have adopted IT governance frameworks through mail surveys and analysed using the partial least-squares (PLS) method. The findings demonstrate that ease of use, innovation compatibility, training and external pressures were significant to the success of IT governance frameworks adoption, assessed through user satisfaction; while ease of use, top management support, external support and user satisfaction were found significant to organisational performance. These findings are of relevance to researchers, practitioners and a broad range of organisational stakeholders, given the growing global importance and implications of IT governance frameworks adoption to organisations.
Measurement and Convergence in Development Performance of China’s High-tech Industry
Authors: Ze-Lei Xiao , Xin-Ya Du
Published: June 2017

In China’s high-tech industry development, there exist regional scale and regional performance differences, of which the latter will influence resource allocation in regional high-tech industry and upgrading process of industrial structure.1 Hence, the article conducts a systematic research of measurement and convergence analysis in development performance of China’s high-tech industry. The article contains two main research parts. First, in terms of measurement, by adopting the Malmquist index methods, the article measures the comprehensive performance of China’s high-tech industry development. Second, to conduct convergence analysis, it studies agglomeration patterns characteristics, absolute β convergence and its converging mechanism of China’s provincial high-tech industry development performance from 2001 to 2013 by adopting a spatial autoregressive (SAR) panel data model. The results indicate distinct absolute β convergence in China’s high-tech industry development performance is due to technology diffusion. In addition, convergence rates of different regions vary.
Reduction of Thoroughbred racing fatalities at New York Racing Association racetracks using a multi-disciplinary mortality review process
Authors: Palmer Scott E. , McDonough Sean P. , Mohammed Hussni O.
Published: June 2017

Between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015, findings of a New York State Gaming Commission–Cornell University postmortem examination program were utilized in a multi-disciplinary mortality review process to review 129 racing fatalities at Thoroughbred racetracks operated by the New York Racing Association (NYRA). Musculoskeletal fractures comprised 79% of the fatalities; cardiopulmonary conditions accounted for 12% of the fatalities. Other causes of death included gastrointestinal (3%), respiratory (5%), and central nervous system (2%) conditions. Fetlock failure represented 50% of the musculoskeletal fatalities. The general distribution of these findings was very similar to that reported by the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System during the same period. These findings, used in conjunction with a comprehensive mortality review process and regulatory reform, have contributed to a significant reduction of the incidence of Thoroughbred racing fatalities at NYRA racetracks during the period of this review.
The Restraint and Seclusion of Students With a Disability: Examining Trends in U.S. School Districts and Their Policy Implications
Authors: Gagnon Douglas J. , Mattingly Marybeth J. , Connelly Vincent J.
Published: June 2017

Restraint and seclusion are possible aversive responses to problematic student behavior used in some public schools, most commonly on students with a disability. Considerable recent attention has been paid to these practices both in the media and in Congress, and subsequently roughly half of U.S. states have made changes to their laws or policy statements around restraint and seclusion since 2009. In this article, we illuminate trends in restraint and seclusion across the United States in recent years to better inform policy discussions on these matters. Specifically, we examined rates of reported restraint and seclusion across U.S. districts in the 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 school years. We found that general trends persist between the data collections: Most districts report no/little use of restraint or seclusion, with a small percentage of districts reporting exceedingly high rates. Furthermore, the vast majority of variation exists within rather than between states, which may suggest the importance of local factors such as district policy, school culture, and practitioner support in determining the frequency of restraint and seclusion in schools.
Writing and Women’s Retention in Engineering
Authors: Mallette Jennifer C.
Published: June 2017

Engineering disciplines have focused on recruiting and retaining women, assessing factors that contribute to decisions to enter or exit the field at every level. While many studies have examined writing in engineering disciplines, few have looked at writing’s role in women’s decisions to remain in or leave engineering. Using a case study of a professional civil engineer, Katy, this study examines the role that writing played in her dissatisfaction with engineering and her ultimate decision to leave the field. The author analyzes two genres of writing, meeting minutes and a preliminary engineering report, to explore how Katy’s writing practices often ran counter to her coworkers’ or supervisors’ approaches. While a single case study makes generalization impossible, this work opens the door to future research that accounts for writing in recruiting and retaining women.
Mindset of Paraprofessionals Serving Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Garwood Justin D. , Van Loan Christopher L. , Werts Margaret Gessler
Published: June 2017

As schools across the United States move toward more inclusive models and as caseloads for special education teachers increase, special education paraprofessionals are being hired to fill service delivery gaps. Most often, paraprofessionals are asked to provide social and behavioral support to students with disabilities, and much of their time is spent in direct support of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Special education teachers have reported that students with emotional and behavioral disorders are some of the hardest to serve, and those working in this field have the highest rate of burnout. Although there has been increased recognition of the importance of mental health and wellbeing for special education teachers, little attention has been paid to paraprofessionals’ needs. Based on recommendations for special education teachers in the extant literature, 12 survival mindsets to be adopted by paraprofessionals are proposed that may prevent burnout by promoting greater resiliency, emotional wellbeing, and self-awareness.
Number Sense on the Number Line
Authors: Woods Dawn Marie , Ketterlin Geller Leanne , Basaraba Deni
Published: June 2017

A strong foundation in early number concepts is critical for students’ future success in mathematics. Research suggests that visual representations, like a number line, support students’ development of number sense by helping them create a mental representation of the order and magnitude of numbers. In addition, explicitly sequencing instruction to transition from concrete to visual to abstract representations of mathematics concepts supports students’ conceptual understanding. This column describes and illustrates how teachers can use number lines and features of explicit and systematic instruction to support students’ early development of number sense.
Granular Cell Tumor of the Neurohypophysis With TFE-3 Expression: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Yang Guang-Zhi , Li Jing
Published: June 2017

Granular cell tumor (GCT) rarely involves the central nervous system, and fewer than 100 cases have been reported in English literatures. We herein report a case of a 36-year-old Chinese man with GCT of the neurohypophysis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed one mass located in the hypophysis with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Pathological examination showed a neoplasm comprising densely packed polygonal cells of ample cytoplasm with abundant eosinophilic granules inside. The nuclei were small with inconspicuous nucleoli and yet without any mitoses. The tumor was positive for S-100, CD68, CD163, lysosome, and vimentin. Translocation factor E-3 (TFE-3) was diffusely nuclear positive although ASPSCR1-TFE-3 fusion was not detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. GCT of the neurohypophysis is supposed to be considered under differential diagnosis with neoplasms or lesions of histiocytic origin and others such as pituitocytoma and spindle cell oncocytoma. A group of markers such as GFAP, EMA, CD68, S-100, and PAS staining are useful in complementary diagnosis and TFE-3 may be an alternative marker.
A Brain on a Roller Coaster: Can the Dopamine Reward System Act as a Protagonist to Subdue the Ups and Downs of Bipolar Disorder?
Authors: Arjmand Shokouh , Behzadi Mina , Stephens Gary J. , Ezzatabadipour Sara , Seifaddini Rostam , Arjmand Shahrad , Shabani Mohammad
Published: June 2017

One of the most interesting but tenebrous parts of the bipolar disorder (BD) story is the switch between (hypo)mania and depression, which can give bipolar patients a thrilling, but somewhat perilous, ‘ride’. Numerous studies have pointed out that there are some recognizable differences (either state-dependent or state-independent) in several brain regions of people with BD, including components of the brain’s reward system. Understanding the underpinning mechanisms of high and low mood statuses in BD has potential, not only for the development of highly specific and selective pharmaceutical agents, but also for better treatment approaches and psychological interventions to manage BD and, thus, give patients a safer ride. Herein, we review evidence that supports involvement of the reward system in the pathophysiology of mood swings, with the main focus on the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neural circuitry. Principally using findings from neuroimaging studies, we aim to signpost readers as to how mood alterations may affect different areas of the reward system and how antipsychotic drugs can influence the activity of these brain areas. Finally, we critically evaluate the hypothesis that the mesocorticolimbic dopamine reward system may act as a functional rheostat for different mood states.
A power series solution for rotating nonuniform Euler–Bernoulli cantilever beams
Authors: Adair Desmond , Jaeger Martin
Published: June 2017

A systematic procedure is developed for studying the dynamic response of a rotating nonuniform Euler–Bernoulli beam with an elastically restrained root. To find the solution, a novel approach is used in that the fourth-order differential equation describing the vibration problem is first written as a first-order matrix differential equation, which is then solved using the power series method. The method can be used to obtain an approximate solution of vibration problems for nonuniform Euler–Bernoulli beams. Specifically, numerical examples are presented here to demonstrate the usefulness of the method in frequency analysis of nonuniform Euler–Bernoulli clamped-free cantilever beams. Results for mode shapes and frequency parameters were found to be in satisfactory agreement with previously published results. The effects of tapering, both equal and unequal, were investigated for both a cantilever wedge and cantilever cone.
Practitioners’ Recommendations for Foundational Educational Supports for Elementary-Age Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Long Jennie L. , Simpson Richard L.
Published: June 2017

Professional literature related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increasingly focused on identifying interventions and strategies most likely to lead to successful outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research documenting the basic foundational structure and supports that are needed to promote successful classroom experiences and outcomes. Specifically, literature does not clearly define the basic educational elements that are needed for all students with an ASD diagnosis. Related to this void, this study reports educational practitioners’ recommendations for foundational elements for four groups of elementary-age learners with ASD who differed in age and severity of disability. Participants offered recommendations for supports and program resources that fell within nine categories. Results are discussed relative to the extant literature along with implications for preservice teacher preparation, educators’ professional development, and elemental programming for learners with ASD.
Accuracy of [18Fluorine]-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Response Assessment Following (Chemo)radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Laryngeal/Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Slevin Finbar , Ermiş Ekin , Vaidyanathan Sriram , Sen Mehmet , Scarsbrook Andrew F , Prestwich Robin JD
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

The accuracy of response assessment positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) following radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is uncertain.

Methods:

In all, 35 patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated between 2009 and 2014 with (chemo)radiotherapy were identified. The accuracy of response assessment PET-CT was made by correlation with clinical follow-up and pathological findings.

Results:

Of the 35 patients, 20 (57%) had an overall complete metabolic response. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for response assessment [18Fluorine]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET-CT for primary and nodal sites, respectively, were 100%, 73%, 46%, and 100% and 83%, 95%, 83%, and 95%.

Conclusions:

Response assessment FDG PET-CT following (chemo)radiotherapy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas has a high NPV for both primary site and lymph nodes and can be used to guide treatment decisions. The PPV of residual FDG uptake at the primary tumour site is limited and requires examination and biopsy confirmation.
`Our Indies Colony'
Authors: Coté Joost
Published: June 2017

In contrast to the well-developed analysis of British feminism's implication in the late 19th-and early 20th-century reconstruction of the British national and imperial project, research into comparable areas of Dutch history are only just emerging. Taking as its starting point several conclusions drawn from postcolonial writing in the eld of British imperialism, this article investigates an important moment in the history of Dutch feminism, the Nationale Tentoonstelling van Vrouwenarbeid, to examine Dutch feminism's complicity in the Dutch imperial project. Simultaneously, it examines the appropriation by colonial reformists of a `maternalist politics' to redene that project. In so doing, the article aims to focus attention on the interaction between metropolitan and colonial discourse and the place of maternalist politics in each. Further, the article briey reects on the signicance for Indonesian women of the operation of such discourses in the colonial context.
Culturally prescribed beliefs about mental illness among the Akan of Ghana
Authors: Opare-Henaku Annabella , Utsey Shawn O.
Published: June 2017

Mental illness is a culturally laden phenomenon, and different cultures have unique ways of constructing mental illness. In this study, conceptions of mental illness were explored among 30 participants of Akan descent in Ghana through individual and group interviews. Participants demonstrated a wide range of knowledge on mental illness indicating that poor self-care, deficits in social functioning, and disordered behaviors are the cardinal features of mental illness. The data revealed that Akan cultural beliefs influenced notions of etiology of mental illness and care of the mentally ill. While participants recognized the role of multiple factors such as genetics, substance abuse, daily hassles (for example, concerns about basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter), and trauma in the cause of mental illness, the predominant belief was that mental illness is a retributive and/or a spiritual illness. This belief encourages pluralistic health-seeking behaviors: use of hospitals, prayer camps, herbalists, and traditional healers. The implications of these findings for public health education on mental illness, and clinical training and practice are discussed.
Finding a niche? Challenger parties and issue emphasis in the 2015 televised leaders’ debates
Authors: Allen Nicholas , Bara Judith , Bartle John
Published: June 2017

Do leaders of ‘challenger’ parties adopt a ‘niche’ strategy in national televised debates? This article answers this question by analysing the content of the two multiparty televised leaders’ debates that took place ahead of the 2015 British general election. Using computer-aided text analysis (CATA), it provides reliable and valid measures of what the leaders said in both debates and develops our theoretical understanding of how challenger-party leaders make their pitches. It finds that the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Green Party, Scottish National Party (SNP) and Plaid Cymru leaders all demonstrated a degree of ‘nicheness’ in their contributions in comparison with the Conservative, Liberal Democrat and Labour leaders. It also finds that the challenger-party leaders placed a greater emphasis on their core concerns. Nevertheless, the debates covered much policy ground. Their structure obliged all party leaders to talk about a broad range of issues.
The impact of IEQ on occupants’ satisfaction in Malaysian buildings
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Syahrul Nizam , Egbu Charles O. , Mahyuddin Norhayati , Ahmad Zawawi Emma Marinie , Chua Shirley Jin Lin , Azmi Nur Farhana
Published: June 2017

This paper focuses on the importance of occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality in buildings as well as the effect of indoor environmental quality towards occupants’ satisfaction. This research applied post-occupancy evaluation as a method to indicate the building occupants’ needs, their satisfaction and comfort level. The research is based on a case study approach whereby a questionnaire survey was conducted among 25 organizations involved in managing office buildings. A total of 115 questionnaires were returned for evaluation of occupants’ overall satisfaction from aspects of indoor environmental quality in these buildings and to determine the occupants’ satisfaction level within these buildings. The findings revealed that indoor environment factors that could contribute to occupants’ satisfaction consists of lighting, air quality and aesthetic perception. These classifications were made based on the factor analysis done with 22 attributes of the indoor environment. The majority of occupants are satisfied with their health conditions and do not face any serious health problems. However, occupants highlighted that some environmental conditions, health effects, air movement, ventilation and air freshness are important criteria for their satisfaction and comfort. This study provides insights into how occupants perceive their indoor environment and comfort, and identify problems that could arise in buildings.
An evaluation of the relationship between traumatic injuries and the development of contrast-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Bethea Audis , Keslar Lauren , Silhy Raquel , Samanta Damayanti , Chumbe Julton T
Published: June 2017

Background

Intravenous contrast media-enhanced computed tomography is vitally important in the early identification of traumatic injuries. Contrast media, however, has the propensity to promote nephrotoxicity. Age, injury severity score, renal dysfunction, and hypotension upon presentation are factors associated with contrast-associated acute kidney injury in current trauma literature. This study endeavors to expand upon these findings and evaluate the relationship between traumatic injuries and contrast-associated acute kidney injury.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a Level 1 Trauma Center between January 2005 and August 2013. Patients identified by the institution’s Trauma Registry were divided into two groups: contrast-associated acute kidney injury-positive and negative based on previously published definitions.

Results

The analysis consisted of 831 intensive care patients; 161 contrast-associated acute kidney injury-positive and 670 contrast-associated acute kidney injury-negative. Logistic regression using significant findings from univariate comparisons between the study groups indicated that genitourinary (OR = 2.859, 95% CI 1.587–5.152, p = 0.000), arterial injuries (OR = 2.464, 95% CI 1.294–4.690, p = 0.006), and concomitant exposure to medications that are potentially nephrotoxic or alter renal hemodynamics (OR = 1.483, 95% CI 1.018–2.158, p = 0.040) were independent risk factors for contrast-associated acute kidney injury. Increasing revised trauma score (OR = 0.874, 95% CI 0.790–0.966, p = 0.009) and fluid administration prior to contrast (OR = 0.445, 95% CI 0.301–0.656, p = 0.000) were independently associated with decreased risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury.

Conclusion

The risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury increases with escalating injury severity. Unless contraindicated, fluids should be administered prior to contrast, and concomitant exposure to agents that may increase the potential for contrast-associated acute kidney injury should be limited. These practices are increasingly important in patients presenting with arterial or genitourinary trauma.
Throwing a chair could save officers’ lives during room entries
Authors: Blair J Pete , Martaindale M Hunter
Published: June 2017

Law enforcement officers are sometimes required to perform building searches and room entries to search for, or apprehend, suspects. There have been several instances where officers have been shot while performing a room entry. To date, no research has sought to study methods to improve officer safety while performing room entries. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the efficacy of utilizing everyday objects as a distraction device to slow the reaction speed of hostile suspects and give law enforcement officers a time advantage. The research utilizes a 1 × 2 experimental design with random assignment to conditions. A sample size of 113 is utilized to conduct the study. Data are presented using both a Bayesian and Frequentist style of analysis. The research suggests that law enforcement officers can slow suspect reaction times by deploying basic distraction techniques. The process of slowing suspect reaction time may save officer lives by allowing the officer to enter and assess the room while the suspect is distracted. The data utilized in this experiment and analyses can be accessed through email with the corresponding author.
White-collar crime
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: June 2017

Policing religious organizations presents challenging situations. When there is suspicion of financial crime by white-collar criminals, secrecy and trust represent obstacles to law enforcement. This article discusses the lack of detection and neutralization techniques often applied in religious organizations. There may be too much trust, too much freedom, too much individual authority, too little scepticism, too much loyalty and too little control of the financial side in religious organizations. There may be no empirical evidence for the proposition that religion has a deterrent effect on crime, although sociologists and criminologists have long recognized potential links between religious belief and delinquent behaviour.
Ten years after: Revisiting the question of e-book quality as early language and literacy support
Authors: Korat Ofra , Falk Yael
Published: June 2017

We examined whether eBooks for children (aged 3 to 8) available on the market can serve as a good support for language and literacy. This follows studies published 10 years ago, which showed that children's e-books are usually overloaded with multimedia effects that distract children from the storyline, and from language and literacy learning. Sixteen Hebrew and 17 English e-books that include oral and written texts were randomly selected for evaluation from the Internet and the AP store. The findings showed many similar features between Hebrew and English eBooks. Most have suitable processioning futures, which can support children in story listening or reading. A limited number of automatic animations and of hotspots on illustrations were found that may provide a good level of support for storyline comprehension. However, very few eBooks have features that support language learning. Furthermore, some of the eBooks incorporate games within the story channel, which might distract children from the storyline. Although important improvements in e-book design compared to former years were found, there are still important features that need to be improved in order to create better software for young children’s language and literacy development.
Impact of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator on confidence to undertake physical activity in inherited heart disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sweeting Joanna , Ball Kylie , McGaughran Julie , Atherton John , Semsarian Christopher , Ingles Jodie
Published: June 2017

Background:

Physical activity is associated with improved quality of life. Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) face unique clinical and psychological challenges. Factors such as fear of ICD shock may negatively impact on physical activity, while a sense of protection gained from the ICD may instil confidence to be active.

Aim:

We aimed to examine the impact of an ICD on physical activity levels and factors associated with amount of activity.

Methods:

Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. Accelerometer data (seven-day) was collected in March–November 2015 for 63 consecutively recruited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, with or without an ICD, aged ⩾18 years. A survey study was conducted in July–August 2016 of 155 individuals aged ⩾18 years with an inherited heart disease and an ICD in situ.

Results:

Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, mean leisure time physical activity was 239 ± 300 min/week with 51% meeting physical activity guidelines. Accelerometry showed that mean moderate–vigorous physical activity was the same for patients with and without an ICD (254 ± 139 min/week versus 300 ± 150 min/week, p=0.23). Nearly half of survey participants ( n=73) said their device made them more confident to exercise. Being anxious about ICD shocks was the only factor associated with not meeting physical activity guidelines.

Conclusions:

Patients with inherited heart disease adjust differently to their ICD device, and for many it has no impact on physical activity. Discussion regarding the appropriate level of physical activity and potential barriers will ensure best possible outcomes in this unique patient group.
Perceived social support and self-care in patients hospitalized with heart failure
Authors: Chamberlain Lyne
Published: June 2017

Background:

Rehospitalization of heart failure patients is often considered the result of inadequate self-care yet only one study documents superior outcomes with better self-care.

Aims:

If inadequate self-care is related to hospitalizations, then hospitalized heart failure patients should have lower self-care skills than non-hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate perceived social support and self-care characteristics of patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of heart failure. The self-care of heart failure index (SCHFI) and medical outcomes study of social support (MOS-SS) were the key instruments used in the research.

Methods and results:

This descriptive study used t tests and multiple regression to analyze the data. Results were compared with non-hospitalized heart failure patients in another study. Perceived social support ( t=−4.007, df=211, P<0.001) and self-care maintenance ( t=−3.343, df=220, P<0.002) scores were lower in the hospitalized participants than the comparison group. Self-care confidence was the only variable significantly related to perceived social support ( β=0.210, t=2.210, P<0.30).

Conclusions:

This study supports the premise that heart failure rehospitalizations are related to inadequate self-care.
Influence of Lexical Factors on Word-Finding Accuracy, Error Patterns, and Substitution Types
Authors: Newman Rochelle S. , German Diane J. , Jagielko Jennifer R.
Published: June 2017

This retrospective, exploratory investigation examined the types of target words that 66 children with/without word-finding difficulties (WFD) had difficulty naming, and the types of errors they made. Words were studied with reference to lexical factors (LFs) that might influence naming performance: word frequency, familiarity, length, phonotactic probability, and lexical neighborhood. For the most part, LFs similarly affected the word finding of children with/without WFD. Target word frequency predicted word-finding success for both groups, and word substitutions and error patterns were affected by the LFs under study. Children tended to produce substitutions that were shorter and higher in frequency, neighborhood frequency, and phonotactic probability than the target word. LFs also influenced children’s error patterns. Low word frequency led to form-related blocked errors for both groups, and low neighborhood frequency predicted form- and segment-related phonologic errors for children with WFD only. Theoretical and practical implications of these preliminary findings are discussed.
Genes, Personality Traits, and the Sense of Civic Duty
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron C. , Dawes Christopher T.
Published: June 2017

Political scientists have long known that the sense of civic duty is one of the strongest predictors of individual voter turnout, yet scholars are only just starting to study and understand the origins of this orientation. Recent genopolitics research has indicated that the sense of civic duty is heritable, and recent research in political psychology has illustrated that individual personality traits, many of which have a heritable component, shape feelings of civic obligation. In this article, we link these two lines of inquiry to better understand how individual differences shape the sense of civic duty. More specifically, we explore the relationship between personality traits, measured using the Big Five model; genes; and the sense of civic duty. We show that genetic factors account for between 70% and 87% of the correlation between civic duty and four of the Big Five personality traits. Overall, the results presented here expand our understanding of the process through which prosocial orientations, such as civic duty, are formed.
Budd–Chiari syndrome with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: Characteristic and long-term outcomes of endovascular treatment
Authors: Zhou Peng-Li , Wu Gang , Han Xin-Wei , Yan Lei , Zhang Wen-Guang
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To identify the characteristics and evaluate the long-term outcomes of endovascular treatment of Budd–Chiari syndrome with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Methods

Forty-seven consecutive Budd–Chiari syndrome patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were referred for the treatment with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, and subsequently underwent follow-up. Data were retrospectively collected and follow-up observations were performed at 1, 2, 2–5, and 5–8 years postoperatively.

Results

Cirrhosis was presented in 16 patients, and splenoportography reviewed obvious varices in 18 patients. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty was technically successful in all patients. Major procedure-related complications occurred in 3 of the 47 patients (6.38%). The cumulative 1, 2, 2–5, and 5–8 year primary patency rates were 100% (46/46), 93.2% (41/44), 90.9% (40/44), and 86.4% (19/22), respectively. The cumulative 1, 2, 2–5, and 5–8 year secondary patency rates were 100% (47/47), 100% (44/44), 100% (44/44), and 95.5% (21/22), respectively. Mean and median duration of primary patency was 65.17 ± 3.78 and 69.0 ± 5.69 months, respectively. No upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage recurred during follow-ups. The mean survival time was 66.97 ± 3.61 months and the median survival time was 69.0 ± 4.10 months.

Conclusion

PTBA was an effective treatment that can prevent recurrence of the life-threatening complications and ensured long-term satisfactory clinical outcomes for Budd–Chiari syndrome patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization was not recommended for all Budd–Chiari syndrome patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Philosophical methodology and leadership ethics
Authors: Flanigan Jessica
Published: June 2017

Many leadership researchers aim to advise organizations about how to select and develop ethical leaders, to tell business educators how to teach people to be ethical, or to describe ethical leadership. Yet for these tasks, empirical approaches that address questions about ethics with surveys, experiments, and case studies are insufficient on their own in answering the question, “what should a leader do?” I first argue that descriptive approaches to leadership ethics, such as conceptual analysis, case studies, survey research, and lab experiments, cannot on their own tell us what a leader ought to do when he or she faces a morally difficult circumstance. I then show that the question “what should a leader do?” can be addressed through philosophical analysis. Though philosophers disagree about the nature of morality, most agree that there are truths about morality and that we can make progress in learning about how to live and lead ethically. To close, I consider and respond to the objection that philosophical approaches to leadership ethics are intolerant or authoritarian. I conclude that philosophical approaches to leadership ethics are essential to our evolving understanding of what a leader ought to do.