bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tolerance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae to acute ammonia exposure
Authors: van der Meeren Terje , Mangor-Jensen Anders
Published: May 2020

Tolerance for acute ammonia exposure, defined to exist between NOEC (no observed effect concentration) and LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration), was validated in seven exposure experiments with Atlantic cod larvae from 15 to 63 days post-hatch, corresponding to larval sizes of 0.2 to 4.9 mg dry weight, respectively. LOEC was found in the range of 0.019–0.082 mg L−1 NH3-N, with corresponding NOECs of 0.013–0.045 mg L−1 NH3-N. Cod larvae of 1.0 and 1.7 mg dry weight (33 and 42 days after hatching) were found to be most sensitive and had the highest mortality to acute ammonia exposure, indicating ontogenetic changes in ammonia tolerance. The results suggest that specific care needs to be taken in designing and monitoring rearing systems, particularly recirculation systems, for toxic ammonia levels regarding larval rearing of Atlantic cod.
Healthcare providers’ adherence to breast cancer guidelines in Europe: a systematic literature review
Authors: Niño de Guzmán Ena , Song Yang , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Canelo-Aybar Carlos , Neamtiu Luciana , Parmelli Elena , Pérez-Bracchiglione Javier , Rabassa Montserrat , Rigau David , Parkinson Zuleika Saz , Solà Iván , Vásquez-Mejía Adrián , Ricci-Cabello Ignacio
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Clinical guidelines’ (CGs) adherence supports high-quality care. However, healthcare providers do not always comply with CGs recommendations. This systematic literature review aims to assess the extent of healthcare providers’ adherence to breast cancer CGs in Europe and to identify the factors that impact on healthcare providers’ adherence.

Methods

We searched for systematic reviews and quantitative or qualitative primary studies in MEDLINE and Embase up to May 2019. The eligibility assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by one author and cross-checked by a second author. We conducted a narrative synthesis attending to the modality of the healthcare process, methods to measure adherence, the scope of the CGs, and population characteristics.

Results

Out of 8137 references, we included 41 primary studies conducted in eight European countries. Most followed a retrospective cohort design (19/41; 46%) and were at low or moderate risk of bias. Adherence for overall breast cancer care process (from diagnosis to follow-up) ranged from 54 to 69%; for overall treatment process [including surgery, chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and radiotherapy (RT)] the median adherence was 57.5% (interquartile range (IQR) 38.8–67.3%), while for systemic therapy (CT and ET) it was 76% (IQR 68–77%). The median adherence for the processes assessed individually was higher, ranging from 74% (IQR 10–80%), for the follow-up, to 90% (IQR 87–92.5%) for ET. Internal factors that potentially impact on healthcare providers’ adherence were their perceptions, preferences, lack of knowledge, or intentional decisions.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of breast cancer patients are not receiving CGs-recommended care. Healthcare providers’ adherence to breast cancer CGs in Europe has room for improvement in almost all care processes. CGs development and implementation processes should address the main factors that influence healthcare providers' adherence, especially patient-related ones.

Registration:

PROSPERO (CRD42018092884).
Circulating tumour cell enumeration does not correlate with Miller–Payne grade in a cohort of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: O’Toole Sharon A. , Spillane Cathy , Huang Yanmei , Fitzgerald Marie C. , Ffrench Brendan , Mohamed Bashir , Ward Mark , Gallagher Michael , Kelly Tanya , O’Brien Cathal , Ruttle Carmel , Bogdanska Anna , Martin Cara , Mullen Dorinda , Connolly Elizabeth , McGarrigle Sarah A. , Kennedy John , O’Leary John J.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The association between pathological complete response (pCR) in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer and Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) is not clear. The aim of this study was to assess whether CTC enumeration could be used to predict pathological response to NAC in breast cancer as measured by the Miller–Payne grading system.

Methods

Twenty-six patients were recruited, and blood samples were taken pre- and post-NAC. CTCs were isolated using the ScreenCell device and stained using a modified Giemsa stain. CTCs were enumerated by 2 pathologists and classified as single CTCs, doublets, clusters/microemboli and correlated with the pathological response as measured by the Miller–Payne grading system. χ2 or ANOVA was performed in SPSS 24.0 statistics software for associations.

Results

89% of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 11% invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). At baseline 85% of patients had CTCs present, median 7 (0–161) CTCs per 3 ml of whole blood. Post-chemotherapy, 58% had an increase in CTCs. This did not correlate with the Miller–Payne grade of response. No significant association was identified between the number of CTCs and clinical characteristics; however, we did observe a correlation between pre-treatment CTC counts and body mass index, p < 0.05.

Conclusions

Patients with a complete response to NAC still had CTCs present, suggesting enumeration is not sufficient to aid surgery stratification. Additional characterisation and larger studies are needed to further characterise CTCs isolated pre- and post-chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up of these patients will determine the significance of CTCs in NAC breast cancer patients.
Polish adaptation of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS)
Authors: Nadrowska Natalia , Błażek Magdalena , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra
Published: May 2020

Family Assessment Resilience Scale (FRAS) by Sixbey (2005) is based on the model proposed by Walsh (1996), allows to evaluate the processes of family resilience. The main goal of this study was to adapt the English version of FRAS to the Polish population (FRAS-PL) as there is no questionnaire in Poland to assess family resilience. After the process of translation into Polish and then back to English to check the correctness, the final version was accepted and participants (N = 502, 65% female, M = 24.60, SD = 6.86) filled out the questionnaire. To obtain the best-fitting model of the tool, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the six-factor model fits the obtained data (χ2/df = 2.95, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, WRMR = 1.87). The alpha coefficients are satisfactory for all subscales (from α = 0.63 to α = 0.95). The adaptation of FRAS-PL was compared to final versions accepted in different countries and explained in the cultural context. The Polish version of the scale, named FRAS-PL, can be used for both researchers and clinicians to assess family resilience.
Nitrogen Tax and Set-Aside as Greenhouse Gas Abatement Policies Under Global Change Scenarios: A Case Study for Germany
Authors: Henseler Martin , Delzeit Ruth , Adenäuer Marcel , Baum Sarah , Kreins Peter
Published: May 2020

The ambitious climate policy objectives of the COP21 agreement require the design and the implementation of effective and efficient policy instruments. The effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural abatement options depend on regional climate and natural conditions, changes in the global economy, global agricultural markets and regional agricultural production. Thus, the assessment of abatement options requires consideration of the global scale, the market scale and the regional producer scale. We investigate two abatement options discussed controversially in literature. Both have been partially applied to reduce environmental pollution from agriculture: a tax on nitrogen and the obligatory set-aside of agricultural land. Our study provides an assessment of the ecological effectiveness and the economic efficiency of both abatement options under different global scenarios. In our policy analysis we combine three applied policy simulation models to develop an integrated economic model framework. This model framework considers the global, the national and the regional scale and consists of the global general equilibrium model DART-BIO, the partial-equilibrium model CAPRI and the regional supply model RAUMIS. In the different global scenarios, the results show that both abatement options create relatively high marginal abatement costs and that the maximally reached abated greenhouse gas emissions represent only 15% of the quantity required to fulfill the policy targets. Compared to the obligatory set-aside option, the nitrogen tax is in both scenarios the more efficient policy. With respect to impacts on production and environment, a nitrogen tax is less forecastable than the obligatory set-aside option. Our study illustrates the relevance of considering global economic and market change in the assessment of producer-targeting environmental policies.
First laser ions at the CERN-MEDICIS facility
Authors:   MEDICIS Collaboration, Gadelshin Vadim Maratovich , Wilkins Shane , Fedosseev Valentin Nikolaevich , Barbero Ermanno , Barozier Vincent , Bernardes Ana-Paula , Chevallay Eric , Cocolios Thomas Elias , Crepieux Bernard , Dockx Kristof , Eck Matthias , Fernier Pascale , Cavaier Roberto Formento , Haddad Ferid , Jakobi Johannes , Lambert Laura , Marsh Bruce Allan , Marzari Stefano , Ramos Joao Pedro , Moberg Annie Ringvall , Rothe Sebastian , Stora Thierry , Studer Dominik , Suarez Andres Vieitez , Weber Felix , Wendt Klaus
Published: May 2020

The CERN-MEDICIS facility aims to produce emerging medical radionuclides for the theranostics approach in nuclear medicine with mass separation of ion beams. To enhance the radioisotope yield and purity of collected samples, the resonance ionization laser ion source MELISSA was constructed, and provided the first laser ions at the facility in 2019. Several operational tests were accomplished to investigate its performance in preparation for the upcoming production of terbium radioisotopes, which are of particular interest for medical applications.
Closing gaps, opening doors: an experimental collaboration in stem cell intervention
Authors: Rossi Fabio , Braun Martin , Brock Jonathan , Sen-Lum Janette , Ellens Sonya , Lander Elliot , Stoddard Douglas , Cross Carolyn , Vance Angelika , Stewart Duncan , Thebaud Bernard , Illes Judy
Published: May 2020

Despite years of warnings by the academic community that for most of the stem cell-based therapies offered in the private arena little evidence of efficacy exists, these services have been increasingly offered by Canadian private clinics. Recently, as the culmination of years of clashes between stem cell researchers and therapy providers, Health Canada issued a statement prohibiting any type of cell therapy that is not specifically approved. In this climate of conflict, a small group representing both these communities as well as the government gathered in Vancouver to identify common values, and agree on principles to move forward constructively. This historic moment demonstrated that even in this contentious space a meeting-of-minds in between researchers, clinicians, ethicists, entrepreneurs and other stakeholders is possible.
Exploring Mars with Returned Samples
Authors: Grady Monica M.
Published: May 2020

The international Mars Exploration community has been planning to return samples from Mars for many years; the next decade should see the plans becoming a reality. Mars Sample Return (MSR) requires a series of missions, first to collect the samples, then to return them to Earth, whilst preventing the contamination of both Earth and Mars. The first mission in the campaign, Mars 2020, will land at Jezero Crater in early 2021; samples should return to Earth sometime after 2032. The information to be derived from analysis of martian samples in terrestrial laboratories equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation is more than recompense for the difficulties of the MSR campaign. Results from analyses of returned samples will enable increased understanding of martian geological (and possibly biological) evolution. They will facilitate preparations for human exploration of Mars and by providing a second set of absolute ages for a planetary surface will validate (or otherwise) application of the lunar crater-age scale throughout the Solar System.
On the empirical coherence and the spatiotemporal gap problem in quantum gravity: and why functionalism does not (have to) help
Authors: Linnemann Niels
Published: May 2020

The empirical coherence problem of quantum gravity is the worry that a theory which does not fundamentally contain local beables located in space and time—such as is arguably the case for certain approaches to quantum gravity—cannot be connected to measurements (which are actually carried out in space and time) and thus has its prospects of being empirically adequate undermined. Spacetime functionalism à la Lam and Wüthrich (Stud Hist Philos Mod Phys 64:39–51, 2018) is said to solve this empirical coherence problem as well as bridging a (putatively) severe conceptual gap between spatiotemporal structures of classical spacetime theories on the one hand, and the (so-called) non-spatiotemporal structures in quantum gravity approaches on the other hand (call this the spatiotemporal gap problem). The aim of this essay is to offer a deflationary account of both the empirical coherence problem and the spatiotemporal gap problem as they are claimed to arise at least prima facie for current theories of quantum gravity by Huggett and Wüthrich (Stud Hist Philos Mod Phys 44(3):276–285, 2013), Lam and Wüthrich (2018) and Le Bihan (Synthese 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02449-6). I defend the view that (1) spacetime functionalism is set up to address a problem (the empirical coherence problem) which can usually be solved without it; and that (2) it is wrongly claimed to (dis)solve another problem which for any actual account of quantum gravity is in fact currently non-existent anyway (the spatiotemporal gap problem).
Ethanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production Over Hierarchical Macroporous Mesoporous SBA-15 Supported Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Parlett Christopher M. A. , Durndell Lee J. , Isaacs Mark A. , Liu Xiaotong , Wu Chunfei
Published: May 2020

The influence of complementary macropores, present in hierarchical macroporous mesoporous SBA-15, on the performance of supported Ni nanoparticles for ethanol steam reforming has been investigated. The increased open nature of the architecture, afforded through the incorporation of the secondary macropore network, enables superior metal dispersion. This, in turn, enhances catalytic hydrogen production performance through the generation of a greater density of active sites.
Concepts of Health-Related Quality of Life of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children: Parent Perceptions
Authors: Butten Kaley , Newcombe Peter A. , Chang Anne B. , Sheffield Jeanie K. , O’Grady Kerry-Ann F. , Johnson Newell W. , King Neil , Toombs Maree
Published: May 2020

Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) is a valued patient-related outcome measure. HR-QoL is typically measured using a psychometric tool. Although there are a number of general and illness-specific HR-QoL measurement tools available globally, no tool has been validated for Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children. The purpose of this study was to gather Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parent/carer perspectives of HR-QoL in children in order to inform the development of a culturally appropriate tool. Yarning circles and face to face interviews were used to document the experiences of parents and carers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who had experienced a chronic illness. Participants were recruited through word of mouth and via established social and professional networks in Queensland and the Northern Territory of Australia. Information collected was transcribed and analysed thematically and placed into a concept map. HR-QoL was defined as more than just physical, social and psychological wellbeing. Family and social support were valued aspects of HR-QoL, as was knowledge, communication and the relationship with the health system. Participants described the importance of being heard; their voice trusted and valued by health practitioners. Racism and prejudicial behaviour had negative impacts on HR-QoL. The concepts of HR-QoL identified in this study are not included in conventional HR-QoL measurement tools. Consideration should be given to concepts proposed by Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations in order to adequately capture perceived HR-QoL.
Influence of crop cultivation conditions on space greenhouse equivalent system mass
Authors: Zabel Paul
Published: May 2020

Future crewed space missions will make use of hybrid life support systems to sustain human presence in space and on other planetary bodies. Plants fulfill essential roles in those systems such as carbon dioxide removal, oxygen production, and food production. The systems required to grow plants in space, so-called space greenhouses, are complex and need to be built as efficient as possible. Thereby, the resources mass, volume, energy, and crewtime required to grow a certain amount of food are essential because these parameters define the effectiveness of the space greenhouse. However, the required resources depend on the size of the greenhouse which in turn depends on the productivity of the crops which in turn depend on the cultivation conditions. The output of such a system can be calculated using the Modified Energy Cascade plant production model, which can simulate the food output depending on the cultivation conditions. Traditionally, life support systems are evaluated using the Equivalent System Mass method, which can determine the cost effective life support architecture for a given mission scenario. By combining both, the influence of the cultivation conditions inside the space greenhouse on the effectiveness of the complete system can be investigated. It seems counterintuitive first, but it is more effective to increase the energy per area provided to the plants in the form of light. Although that increases the electrical energy demand per area, the reduction in required cultivation area and, therefore, system size leads to a more efficient system.
Mindfulness During Pregnancy and Parental Stress in Mothers Raising Toddlers
Authors: Boekhorst Myrthe G. B. M. , Potharst Eva S. , Beerthuizen Annemerle , Hulsbosch Lianne P. , Bergink Veerle , Pop Victor J. M. , Nyklíček Ivan
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Parental stress has been associated with adverse child outcomes and maternal functioning. Yet, maternal factors during pregnancy that can potentially protect against later parental stress, such as mindfulness, have not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to address the possible associations between prenatal mindfulness and levels of parental stress in mothers raising toddlers.

Methods

Women in the current study (n = 165) were prospectively followed from pregnancy until 3 years after childbirth, as part of a longitudinal population based cohort (HAPPY study). At 22 weeks of pregnancy, women completed the Three Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire–Short Form (TFMQ-SF) to assess facets of mindfulness (acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting). Women completed the Parenting Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) 3 years after childbirth, reporting on three components of parental stress: (1) parent-child relationship problems, (2) parenting problems, and (3) role restriction.

Results

Results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that the acting with awareness facet of mindfulness during pregnancy was a significant predictor of fewer parent-child relationship problems and parenting problems, even when adjusted for prenatal and maternal distress and child behavior problems. Higher levels of non-reacting during pregnancy were also significantly associated with fewer parenting problems in mothers raising toddlers.

Conclusions

The current study emphasizes that mindfulness during pregnancy may be a protective factor for later parental stress. More research is needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate the possible benefit of a mindfulness intervention training during pregnancy on parenting and child outcomes.
p5 Peptide-Loaded Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neurological Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in a Rat Model
Authors: Paudyal Arjun , Ghinea Flavia Semida , Driga Mircea Popescu , Fang Wen-Hui , Alessandri Giulio , Combes Laura , Degens Hans , Slevin Mark , Hermann Dirk M. , Popa-Wagner Aurel
Published: May 2020

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells markedly attenuated brain infarct size and improved neurological function in rats. The mechanisms for neuronal cell death have previously been defined in stress states to suggest that an influx of calcium ions into the neurons activates calpain cleavage of p35 into p25 forming a hyperactive complex that induces cell death. Now we report that p5, a 24-residue peptide derived from p35, offers protection to neurons and endothelial cells in vitro. In vivo administration of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) loaded with this therapeutic peptide to post-stroke rats had no effect on the infarct volume. Nevertheless, the treatment led to improvement in functional recovery in spatial learning and memory (water maze), bilateral coordination and sensorimotor function (rotating pole), and asymmetry of forelimb usage (cylinder test). However, the treatment may not impact on cutaneous sensitivity (adhesive tape removal test). In addition, the double immunofluorescence with human cell-specific antibodies revealed that the number of surviving transplanted cells was higher in the peri-infarcted area of animals treated with hADMSCs + P5 than that in hADMSC-treated or control animals, concomitant with reduced number of phagocytic, annexin3-positive cells in the peri-infarcted region. However, the combination therapy did not increase the vascular density in the peri-infarcted area after stroke. In conclusion, administration of hADMSC-loaded p5 peptide to post-stroke rats created conditions that supported survival of drug-loaded hADMSCs after cerebral ischemia, suggesting its therapeutic potential in patients with stroke.
On the Importance of Structural and Functional Fatigue in Shape Memory Technology
Authors: Frenzel Jan
Published: May 2020

The present work provides a brief overview on structural and functional fatigue in shape memory alloys (SMAs). Both degenerative processes are of utmost technological importance because they limit service lives of shape memory components. While our fundamental understanding of these two phenomena has improved during the last two decades, there are still fields which require scientific attention. NiTi SMAs are prone to the formation of small cracks, which nucleate and grow in the early stages of structural fatigue. It is important to find out how these micro-cracks evolve into engineering macro-cracks, which can be accounted for by conventional crack growth laws. The present work provides examples for the complexity of short crack growth in pseudoelastic SMAs. The importance of functional fatigue has also been highlighted. Functional fatigue is related to the degeneration of specific functional characteristics, such as actuator stroke, recoverable strain, plateau stresses, hysteresis width, or transformation temperatures. It is caused by the accumulation of transformation-induced defects in the microstructure. The functional stability of SMAs can be improved by (1) making phase transformations processes smoother and (2) by improving the material’s resistance to irreversible processes like dislocation plasticity. Areas in need of further research are discussed.
Planning for Distribution System with Grey Wolf Optimization Method
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Mohsin , Guo Chuangxin , Shaikh Muhammad Suhail , Chopra Nitish , Haq Inzamamul , Shen Lingbing
Published: May 2020

Nowadays Distribution generation (DG) has achieved to further precious awareness, especially inside the power system fields, so the strength and dependability specifically in the distribution system. Optimum scheduling of DG not only focuses on the size of DG only too puts a load on the optimal location of generators. Install for DG at the optimum location along with optimal size into the distribution system would improve the system performance and also give price effectual solved to the planning of the distribution network. The positive impact of optimum DG position into the distribution system would improve system voltage profile, reduction in line losses, improved power standard, make better reliability and strength of the distribution network. GWO is modeled based on the unique hunt, searching for a target, encircling target, and attacking prey, are executing to perform the optimization. The GWO is determined to the IEEE-16, 30, 57 and 118-bus test systems radial distribution network as well as considering multiplier DG units in the system. The better study outcome of the attained to without DG, with DG, type 1 DG, type 2 DG, with type 3 DG at 0.9 pf and with type DG at unity pf. Moreover, the obtained is compared as well as the net outcome of the proposed procedure for the sequence to see the efficiency and effectual and the distribution systems.
Effect of tool diameter ratio of tapered cylindrical profile pin on wear characteristics of friction stir processing of Al-Si alloy reinforced with SiC ceramic particles
Authors: Vijayavel P. , Sundararajan T. , Rajkumar I. , Ananthakumar K.
Published: May 2020

Friction stir processing is demonstrated to effectively enhance the surface and bulk properties of aluminum composites fabricated via the stir casting route. This process is performed below the melting point of the base material wherein common conventional fabrication problems such as solidification, liquidation cracking, and porosity are eliminated to a significant extent. Five different tools with varying tool diameter ratios are experimented on while maintaining tool rotational and traverse speeds and axial force constant. In this investigation, the hardness and wear characteristics of the LM25 aluminum alloy reinforced with 5% silicon carbide particles composite is studied. It is concluded that the tool with a tool diameter ratio of 3.0 resulted in a defect-free processing zone, refined grains, and a minimum particle size enhancing the wear resistance and hardness as compared to that for other values of a tool diameter ratio.
Islam and Visual Culture: Sharia Implementation and Cinema as Visual Management in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Musa
Published: May 2020

Human experience is more visual and visualized than ever before. This has been obvious in Africa since the 1990s, when democratization, media liberalization, proliferation of small technology, and religious reform movements introduced new ways of meaning-making. Ibrahim’s ethnographic research shows how sharia implementation and cinema as cultural production in northern Nigeria are embedded within the implicit and explicit visual regime of influencing what and how people see, think, and perform. The strategic replacement of cinemas with religious or other “neutral” objects is a visual regime that shifts people’s vision or encounter from one means of cultural production to another.
Truth Distancing? Whistleblowing as Remedy to Censorship during COVID-19
Authors: ABAZI Vigjilenca
Published: May 2020

In the COVID-19 pandemic, whistleblowers have become the essential watchdogs disrupting suppression and control of information. Many governments have intentionally not disclosed information or failed to do so in a timely manner, misled the public or even promoted false beliefs. Fierce public interest defenders are pushing back against this censorship. Dr Fen and Dr Wenliang were the first whistleblowers in China to report that a new pandemic was possibly underway, and ever since, numerous other whistleblowers around the world have been reporting on the spread of the virus, the lack of medical equipment and other information of public interest. This paper maps the relevant whistleblowing cases in China, the USA and Europe and shows that many whistleblowers are initially censored and face disciplinary measures or even dismissals. At the same time, whistleblowing during the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn public attention to the shortcomings of institutional reporting systems and a wider appreciation of whistleblowers as uniquely placed to expose risk at early stages. Ultimately, whistleblowing as a means of transparency is not only becoming ever less controversial, but during COVID-19 it has become the “remedy” to censorship.
-ADIC -FUNCTIONS FOR UNITARY GROUPS
Authors: EISCHEN ELLEN , HARRIS MICHAEL , LI JIANSHU , SKINNER CHRISTOPHER
Published: May 2020

This paper completes the construction of$p$-adic$L$-functions for unitary groups. More precisely, in Harris, Li and Skinner [‘$p$-adic$L$-functions for unitary Shimura varieties. I. Construction of the Eisenstein measure’,Doc. Math.Extra Vol.(2006), 393–464 (electronic)], three of the authors proposed an approach to constructing such$p$-adic$L$-functions (Part I). Building on more recent results, including the first named author’s construction of Eisenstein measures and$p$-adic differential operators [Eischen, ‘A$p$-adic Eisenstein measure for unitary groups’,J. Reine Angew. Math.699(2015), 111–142; ‘$p$-adic differential operators on automorphic forms on unitary groups’,Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble)62(1) (2012), 177–243], Part II of the present paper provides the calculations of local$\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$-integrals occurring in the Euler product (including at$p$). Part III of the present paper develops the formalism needed to pair Eisenstein measures with Hida families in the setting of the doubling method.
The Adaptation of Parliament's Multiple Roles to COVID-19
Authors: Malloy Jonathan
Published: May 2020

Legislatures are complex institutions that serve many purposes. While their overall roles vary in different political systems, they typically serve multiple functions, including representation, law making, scrutiny of government, public symbolism, and others. These inevitably overlap and sometimes collide; similarly, individual legislators must balance party, constituency, and personal factors in their decision making. Now, in a time of sudden and unexpected disruption amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the Parliament of Canada has been forced to rethink its complex activities under urgent and unexpected new conditions.
A Human Rights Approach to Emergency Response? The Advocacy of Canada's Human Rights Commissions during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: De Silva Nicole
Published: May 2020

Emergencies can threaten human rights by disrupting societies, increasing vulnerabilities, and instigating exceptional measures from governments and other actors. As independent institutions mandated to protect and promote the human rights embedded in Canada's federal, provincial and territorial legislation, Canada's human rights commissions (HRCs) have mobilized to advocate for human rights during the COVID-19 public health emergency.
The Indian City and its ‘Restive Publics’
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA DEBJANI
Published: May 2020

How do we write about cities in a world of deepening inequality, real-estate geopolitics, and the planetary water crisis that is unfolding in parts of Asia and elsewhere? Indian urban studies, which began to gain ground as a legitimate subject of scholarly enquiry two decades ago, has now emerged as a site to study political society, state-making, and citizenship, and to offer rich accounts of how post-colonial urban governance and law-making work. In this review, I explore the powerful analytics developed in three recent books in urban studies: Anindita Ghosh's historical work on colonial Calcutta, Claiming the City: Protest, Crime and Scandals in Colonial Calcutta, c. 1860–1920 (2016); Asher Ghertner's geographical analysis of neoliberal Delhi, Rule by Aesthetics: World-Class City Making in Delhi (2015); and Nikhil Anand's ethnographic account of restive publics and citizenship in Mumbai, Hydraulic City: Water and the Infrastructures of Citizenship in Mumbai (2017). This recent scholarship on urbanization has moved away from earlier rubrics of segregation, biopolitical disciplining, and resistance to offer rich accounts of the frictions that make and unmake political societies, critical tools to study the life of law in post-colonial cities, infrastructures as sites for the production of citizenship, and new financial and legal assemblages of risk-management, building lobbies, and syndicates around which urban politics is swirling. These accounts also deepen our understanding of the long genealogy of the contemporary moment, including populism, electoral politics, and post-colonial state-making. Indeed, the future of urban studies in a rapidly urbanizing world should be one that helps us to understand the nature of politics, contestations around legalities, environmental crises, and new financial geographies of power and dispossession.
How do ethnicity and deprivation impact on life expectancy at birth in people with serious mental illness? Observational study in the UK
Authors: Das-Munshi Jayati , Chang Chin-Kuo , Dregan Alex , Hatch Stephani L. , Morgan Craig , Thornicroft Graham , Stewart Robert , Hotopf Matthew
Published: May 2020

Background

Across international contexts, people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) experience marked reductions in life expectancy at birth. The intersection of ethnicity and social deprivation on life expectancy in SMI is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ethnicity and area-level deprivation on life expectancy at birth in SMI, defined as schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders and depression, using data from London, UK.

Methods

Abridged life tables to calculate life expectancy at birth, in a cohort with clinician-ascribed ICD-10 schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders or depression, managed in secondary mental healthcare. Life expectancy in the study population with SMI was compared with life expectancy in the general population and with those residing in the most deprived areas in England.

Results

Irrespective of ethnicity, people with SMI experienced marked reductions in life expectancy at birth compared with the general population; from 14.5 years loss in men with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders, to 13.2 years in women. Similar reductions were noted for people with depression. Across all diagnoses, life expectancy at birth in people with SMI was lower than the general population residing in the most deprived areas in England.

Conclusions

Irrespective of ethnicity, reductions in life expectancy at birth among people with SMI are worse than the general population residing in the most deprived areas in England. This trend in people with SMI is similar to groups who experience extreme social exclusion and marginalisation. Evidence-based interventions to tackle this mortality gap need to take this into account.
Infant learning of words in a typologically distant nonnative language
Authors: CHEN Hui , LABERTONIÈRE Dahliane , CHEUNG Hintat , NAZZI Thierry
Published: May 2020

Infants attune to their native language during the first two years of life, as attested by decreases in the processing of nonnative phonological sounds and reductions in the range of possible sounds accepted as labels for native words. The present study shows that French-learning infants aged 1;8 can learn new words in an unfamiliar language, Cantonese, after just 6 repetitions of each word. This shows that word learning in a nonnative language remains possible during the second year of life even in a nonnative language that is typologically distinct from the native language.
Church, State and an Operatic Outlaw: Jules Massenet'sHérodiade
Authors: Walker Jennifer
Published: May 2020

When Jules Massenet began work onHérodiadein the late 1870s, he likely expected to see his work premiered at the Paris Opéra. But the coveted Parisian premiere was not to be. Based on a liberal reworking of the infamous tale of Herod, Salome and John the Baptist,Hérodiadeundoubtedly challenges traditional Catholic doctrine. Yet Massenet's opera was not as ‘secular’ as it may seem. I argue here that it draws instead on a Republican-friendly brand of Catholicism that encouraged individual religiosity as an anticlerical strategy. Herein, I argue, lay the reasons whyHérodiadewas outlawed. It was not so much the libretto's liberal transformations of biblical characters as what those transformations represented both to the Catholic Church and to the French state: in the end the representation of a simultaneously Republican and Catholic Christ presented a dangerous analogue to the country's strained political situation.
Changes in Disposable Personal Income and the Gender Personal Income Gap in Sweden, 1983–2010: A Study of Three Different Income Positions
Authors: Jansson Birgitta
Published: May 2020

In recent decades, the Swedish economy has been characterized by rather fast economic growth. At the same time, income inequality has increased substantially. In the present study, I investigated who has gained and who has been left behind during this period—how disposable personal income has changed for men and women, as well as for those in different positions in the income distribution. Register data for the total population (aged 20 to 80 years old) from 1983 to 2010 were used and three different positions in the income distribution were investigated: percentile 10, the median, and percentile 99. Five years were selected: 1983, 1991, 2000, 2006, and 2010. Each selected year represents a snapshot and describes the general trend. Results show that women in the 10th percentile have increased their income quite well, a result of increased female labor force participation during the period. This has led to a decrease of the income gap between genders within this group. But results also show a masculinization of low income and poverty, as the male incomes in this group have not increased to the same extent as for males in the other income groups. At the median, both men and women experienced a steady increase of incomes, but the gender gap for ages younger than 50 widened between 2000 and 2010. At the very top, percentile 99, the increase in disposable personal income was enormous; however, the gender gap in income did not decrease.
Delir im Akutspital – Pflegeaufwand und Sturzrisiko
Authors: Graf Silvia , Hediger Hannele , Knüppel Lauener Susanne
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Um das Delirrisiko und die Symptome bei einem Delir zu reduzieren, verfügt das untersuchte Schweizer Spital über eine Gesamtspitalweisung Delir. Bisher gab es wenige Erkenntnisse zur Umsetzung der Weisung. Fragestellung / Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, die erhobenen Daten zur Delirium Observation Screening Scale und zu präventiven und behandlungspflegerischen Maßnahmen des Delirs in einer Ist-Analyse darzulegen und auf Zusammenhänge zu prüfen sowie einen möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen den Verwirrtheitssymptomen und den Sturzereignissen bei Patientinnen und Patienten im Alter von 70 Jahren und älter zu untersuchen. Methode: In einer nicht-experimentellen korrelativen Querschnittstudie wurden Routinedaten aus dem Patientenadministrationsprogramm PatWeb und dem Patientendokumentationssystem WiCare-Doc aus einem Zeitraum von vier Monaten analysiert. Ergebnisse: Patientinnen und Patienten mit Verwirrtheitssymptomen erhielten die doppelte Zeitdauer an delirspezifischen Pflegemaßnahmen gegenüber Patientinnen und Patienten ohne Verwirrtheitssymptome. Ihr Sturzrisiko war 4,4-mal höher, und nach einem Sturzereignis erhielten sie eine signifikant höhere Zeitdauer an delirspezifischen Pflegemaßnahmen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass die Pflege von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Delir zeitintensiv ist. Zeitliche Ressourcen sind die Voraussetzung für eine angepasste Pflege. Der Wissenstransfer in die Praxis ist zu stärken, um Pflegefachpersonen weiter zu befähigen. Ebenso wird die Entwicklung einer „Advanced Practice Nurse Delir“ zur Praxisentwicklung empfohlen.
Multimodel Forecasting of Precipitation at Subseasonal Timescales Over the Southwest Tropical Pacific
Authors: Specq Damien , Batté Lauriane , Déqué Michel , Ardilouze Constantin
Published: May 2020

Multimodel ensemble (MME) reforecasts of rainfall at subseasonal time scales in the southwest tropical Pacific are constructed using six models (BoM, CMA, ECCC, ECMWF, Météo‐France, and UKMO) from the Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (S2S) database by member pooling. These reforecasts are verified at each grid point of the 110°E to 200°E; 30°S to 0° domain for the 1996–2013 DJF period. The evaluation is based on correlation and on the ROC skill score of the upper quintile of precipitation for both weekly targets and Weeks 3–4 outlook. Confirming previous results at the seasonal time scales, the MME reaches the highest skill and also improves the reliability of probabilistic forecasts. However, an equivalent ensemble size comparison between the MME and the individual models shows that the better performance of the MME compared to the best individual models is significantly related to the larger ensemble size of the MME. Forecast skill is then explained in light of potential sources of predictability by evaluating the performance of the models depending on the initial ENSO and MJO state. While the role of ENSO on predictability is quite consistent with its related rainfall anomalies, the role of the MJO is more ambiguous and strongly depends on the location: An initialization in active MJO conditions does not necessarily imply better forecasts. This influence of ENSO and the MJO on predictability does not change when switching from individual models to the MME.
Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake
Authors: Yao Dongdong , Huang Yihe , Peng Zhigang , Castro Raúl R.
Published: May 2020

Foreshocks can provide valuable information about possible nucleation process of a mainshock. However, their physical mechanisms are still under debate. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the earthquake sequence preceding the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah mainshock, including waveform detection of missing smaller events, relative relocation, and source parameter analysis. Based on a template matching method, we find a tenfold increase in the number of earthquakes than reported in the Southern California Seismic Network catalog. The entire sequence exhibits nearly continuous episodes of foreshocks that can be loosely separated into two active clusters. Relocated foreshocks show several seismicity streaks at depth, with a consistently active cluster at depths between 14 and 16 km where the mainshock was nucleated. Stress drop measurements from a spectral ratio approach based on empirical Green's functions show a range between 3.8 and 41.7 MPa with a median of 13.0 MPa and no clear temporal variations. The relocation results, together with the source patches estimated from earthquake corner frequencies, revealed a migration front toward the mainshock hypocenter within last 8 hr and a chain of active burst immediately 6 min prior to the mainshock. Our results support combined effects of aseismic slip and cascading failure on the evolution of foreshocks.
Simulating Impacts of Precipitation on Ice Cover and Surface Water Temperature Across Large Lakes
Authors: Fujisaki-Manome A. , Anderson E. J. , Kessler J. A. , Chu P. Y. , Wang J. , Gronewold A. D.
Published: May 2020

Precipitation impacts on ice cover and water temperature in the Laurentian Great Lakes were examined using state‐of‐the‐art coupled ice‐hydrodynamic models. Numerical experiments were conducted for the recent anomalously cold (2014–2015) and warm (2015–2016) winters that were accompanied by high and low ice coverage over the lakes, respectively. The results of numerical experiments showed that snow cover on the ice, which is the manifestation of winter precipitation, reduced the total ice volume (or mean ice thickness) in all of the Great Lakes, shortened the ice duration, and allowed earlier warming of water surface. The reduced ice volume was due to the thermal insulation of snow cover. The surface albedo was also increased by snow cover, but its impact on the delay the melting of ice was overcome by the thermal insulation effect. During major snowstorms, snowfall over the open lake caused notable cooling of the water surface due to latent heat absorption. Overall, the sensible heat flux from rain in spring and summer was found to have negligible impacts on the water surface temperature. Although uncertainties remain in overlake precipitation estimates and model's representation of snow on the ice, this study demonstrated that winter precipitation, particularly snowfall on the ice and water surfaces, is an important contributing factor in Great Lakes ice production and thermal conditions from late fall to spring.
Variations of Lower Thermospheric FUV Emissions Based on GOLD Observations and GLOW Modeling
Authors: Greer K. R. , Eastes Richard , Solomon Stan , McClintock William , Burns Alan , Rusch David
Published: May 2020

Here we compare the global‐scale morphology of Earth's the Far‐Ultraviolet (FUV) emissions observed by NASA's Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission to those modeled using the Global Airglow (GLOW) code with atmospheric parameters provided by Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The O 5S oxygen (135.6 nm) and N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) emissions are observed over the Western hemisphere every 30 min by the GOLD instrument. The FUV brightness of the thermosphere‐ionosphere is expected to vary in systemic ways with respect to geophysical parameters, solar energy input from above, and terrestrial weather input from below. In this paper we examine the O 5S oxygen emission and the N2 LBH emission brightnesses with local time, latitude, season, tides, geomagnetic activity, and solar activity based on GOLD observations and GLOW modeling. Early GOLD observations indicate that the model effectively reproduces the brightness variations with local time and latitude but is biased low in magnitude. However, the TIEGCM is unable to accurately represent the extraordinary nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly observed by GOLD. It is also expected from these results that the signal from geomagnetic storms may obscure tidal signals.