bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mejoras de eficiencia energética en calefacción. Potencial de intervención en edificio escolar existente del área Metropolitana de San Juan, Argentina
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina, Ré María Guillermina , Mazzocco María Pía , Filippín Celina
Published: August 2021

Climate change, the constant growth of energy consumption, and the high levels of emissions recorded by the energy sector, require the implementation of concrete solutions. Building rehabilitation offers a significant opportunity to contribute in this regard. The purpose of this work is to analyze the potential for intervention in a school building from the “Programa Nacional 700 Escuela” (National 700 Schools Program). The improvements in energy efficiency are evaluated through a dynamic simulation and indicators are calculated regarding the annual energy consumption for heating. The values for the reference building are 74.5 kWh/m2 year and 158 kWh/student. With the rehabilitation proposals, energy savings could be achieved of between 39.7% and 60%. The R-Mean alternative appears as the most convenient one as it achieves energy benefits of 47%, with lower investment costs. The energy efficiency indicators for said set of improvements are 39.2 kWh/m2 year and 83.1 kWh/student. The results achieved can serve as reference for the rehabilitation of 71 school buildings built in the province of San Juan between 2004 and 2015, which belong to a construction typology with a similarity of materials of their envelope and functional configuration.
Estallido social en Chile y procesos de patrimonialización: un paradigma de resignificación de las memorias
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Ferrada-Aguilar Mario
Published: August 2021

In recent years, both globally and locally, a profound change in the paradigm has been seen with respect to what has been traditionally accepted as a manifestation of heritage. In part, this conceptual and methodological transformation is due to the emergence of patrimonialization processes, driven by social conflicts that go against the institutionalized discourses of heritage. This results in resignifications of the stories and memories in the territory, the city and the architecture, associated with new categories of heritage that need to be addressed. This work is about this new paradigm, taking as a case the so-called ‘social uprising, which has affected Chile since October 18th, 2019. Beyond being perceived as a destructive phenomenon, which initially targets aspects of a socio-political nature, the presence of the conflict in Chilean society points to a sharp criticism of the heritage representation system. In its spatio-temporal trajectory, new socio-spatial practices arise that satisfy the memory expectations of the communities regarding a transforming reality. The article aims to contribute to the field of architecture and the built environment, insofar as it allows reflecting on the transformation of meanings and values of heritage that emerges in the daily reality of our cities. Using a descriptive methodology, based on recent media documents, some emblematic situations of the problem are addressed, manifested in the consolidated urban areas of La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago, Concepción, Temuco, and Punta Arenas. In them, the patrimonialization operations make visible the contrasts between the discourses of the State and those produced by social organizations, the resignification of elements of traditional heritage and the emergence of the city as a space for negotiation of memories. From all this, the renewal of the values and attributes, traditionally assigned to monuments, is inferred, whether in their objectual, architectural or urban condition, as well as the potentiality of heritage, as a channel for dialogue, coexistence, and cohesion in the ongoing debate about conflicting stories and memories.
CORVI, tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas: un ejercicio de estandarización
Authors:   Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, Vergara-Vidal Jorge Eduardo , Álvarez-Campos Daniela , Dintrans-Bauer Denisse , Asenjo-Muñoz Diego
Published: August 2021

The social housing designed by the teams of the Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI) constitutes a material presence of enormous influence within Chilean society and within the community of architectural practices. This paper observes the work of these teams, by analyzing the information contained in the CORVI document called "Tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas 1966-1972 (Rationalized Housing Typologies 1966-1972)", which provides data on the shapes, dimensions, materials, and programs of eighteen housing typologies developed by the design teams between 1966 and 1971. Not all of these prototypes were built, but as a whole, it shows how the idea of social housing rationalization was conceived, and how it became an exercise in standardization, based on typologies, from which it is possible to learn both the forms of order and layout of everyday life that they propose, along with the interpretative flexibility used in their communication.
The determination of Water Quality in Balaban Lake (West Anatolia of Turkey)with Trophic State Indices
Authors: Ertaş Alperen , Boz Tuğba , Tüney Kızılkaya İnci
Published: August 2021

In this study, which was carried out between October 2019- August 2020, totally five stations were chosen from the research area. Water samples (for the analysis of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a) were taken seasonally and also Secchi disc depth and chlorophyll-a were measured from these stations. Carlson’s Trophic State Index, OECD criteria and value range of the Turkish Water Quality Regulation were used for the determination of the trophic status of the study area. According to obtained data, the studied area of Balaban Lake has mesotrophic character according to chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and Secchi disc depth. At the end of the study, it was determined that the Balaban Lake was at the mesotrophic level according to the Carlson trophic status index, the average±1SD interval of the OECD criteria, and Turkish Water Quality Regulation.
Editorial: New horizons in corporate law and governance research
Authors: Eklund Mehtap Aldogan
Published: August 2021

Corporate governance and corporate law cover a wide range of eminent topics for the effective governance system. The articles published in this issue have focused particularly on the board configuration, commercial code regulations about the managers’ decision and compensation, the comparative perspective of the common law rule on pre incorporation contracts, and the responsibility of the company with the authorized fictitious capital from the evidence of emerging markets. Moreover, this issue includes a book review of the theoretical, essential, and international practices of corporate governance, which consists of various timely and interesting concepts, such as the role of institutional investors in corporate governance, the board of directors’ impact on performance and the role of non-executive directors, the audit function and the role of regulation international corporate governance, and socially responsible investment, etc.
Actor Contestation in Village Fund Management
Authors: Putri Rizky Trisna , Sjaf Sofyan , Sri Wahyuni Ekawati
Published: August 2021

Village funds are sourced from the central government budget which is trasferred directly to the village government. This direct transfer takes place after Law No. 6/2014 or also known as The Village Law. This larger village fund can only be accessed by the village government if it follows the rules set by the central government so that the actor in the village will use their assets to accomodate their interests related to village fund management. This study aims to explain the contestation of actors in managing village funds in two villages. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach conducted in Suko Village, Probolinggo Regency and Sukadamai Village, Bogor Regency. The results of this study are the village head is the actor who plays the most role in managing village funds using symbolic asset which is the position of the village head. This asset is the strongest because it has legitimacy from the state to be able to make decisions related to the village fund management.
The Urgency of Institutional Development of Cassava Industry in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and Jawa Tengah
Authors: Maulida Yuhan Farah , Subejo  , Hardyastuti Suhatmini
Published: August 2021

The study shows that there was variation in the process of cassava-based food production. In Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) and Central Java, the farming systems were still subsistence oriented as the members still carried out traditional farming and worked without practicing intensive farming. However, the cassava-based food processing had already been commercially oriented. Some farmers have successfully collaborated with the larger cassava industry who were profit and commercially oriented. Some agribusiness units required specific varieties, but others opened to any varieties of cassava. The various arrangements have created different patterns of partnership. There were three types of business partnerships namely (1) growers and small-scale manufacturers; (2) partnership among growers, raw material processors, food manufacturers, and distributors or sellers; and (3) partnership among growers, small or large manufacturers and distributors or sellers. Among those three patterns, some enterprises had already performed a business-oriented processing method and quality assurance which requires best quality of raw cassava. This is resulted in a better selling price. Business partnerships can guarantee the sustainability of business relationships among business units. A better upstream-downstream relation needs to be developed to prevent the risks of raw materials supply.
THE EFFECT OF HOT WATER APPLICATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: kaplan özlem , Başer Mürvet , Müderris İpek
Published: August 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of hot water
application by immersion method to the legs of pregnant women with
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) on their complaints about RLS. Methods: The
study is a pretest-posttest randomised controlled. The study was
performed with pregnant 29 women. The data were collected using Personal
Information Form, International RLS Study Group Diagnostic Criteria, and
the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS). Hot water application was
made of intervention group (IG). No application was made in the control
group (CG) other than routine care and follow-up. The application was
made for 20 minutes before bedtime for seven days. No application was
made in the CG other than routine care and follow-up. Results:
Descriptive and gestational characteristics of the pregnant women in
both groups were similar (p>0.05). In pretest measurements,
IRLS total score of the IG was 26.38±6.82, the score of the CG was
22.06±5.56 and the groups were similar to each other
(p>0.05). While posttest total score was 8.23±6.84 in the
IG and 21.18±6.32 in the CG and the difference between the groups was
statistically significant (p<0.001). Discussions: Hot water
application made to the legs of the pregnant women with RLS decreased
the severity of RLS. Clinical trials name and ID: The Effect of Hot and
Cold Water Application on Pregnant Women with Restless Leg Syndrome
(RLS); NCT04786314
Evaluation of combined radiation for the treatment of lamivudine and zidovudine via AOP
Authors: de Lucena , Santana Rayany , de Oliveira , Almeida Luciano , Duarte Marta , Napoleão Daniella
Published: August 2021

The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in nature is an environmental problem generating increasing concerns. Due to this, it is necessary to evaluate treatments capable of degrading these contaminants, such as the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this work, the photoperoxidation and photo-Fenton AOP were applied to degrade a mixture of lamivudine and zidovudine in an aqueous medium and synthetic effluent (SE). To this end, a bench reactor (UV-C; UV-A and sunlight irradiations) was built. The AOP treatments efficiency was evaluated by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry. The tests involved the application of the irradiations individually and combined. The best operational conditions were [H2O2] of 600 mg L-1 and [Fe] of 0.5 mg L-1, for both matrices, with degradations of 90.53% and 89.32% for the photoperoxidation and photo-Fenton processes in aqueous media and 88.69% and 85.79% in SE. Kinetic studies showed a good fit for two pseudo-first-order models with R2 > 0.93. Toxicity tests involving the application of lettuce, carrot, and tomato seeds showed an inhibition for the three seeds when submitted to solutions after treatment, for both matrices, this fact is corroborated by the HPLC analysis, in which the formation of small peaks was verified, suggestive of the formation of by-products. Thus, it can be affirmed that both photo-Fenton and photoperoxidation processes efficiently degrade the drug mixture when applying UV-C radiation.
Relationalism and changes in international relations: An example of the influence of algorithmic power on the structure of everyday life and the emergence of national populism
Authors: Vukelic Milos
Published: August 2021

The paper points out that there is a way to comprehend the phenomenon of
national populism from the perspective of the international relations
discipline. Additionally, to provide an interpretation of why national
populism occurred in the United States and the European Union after 2014.
The emergence of national populism in the United States and the European
Union countries has endangered the survival of the liberal-democratic
paradox. There are numerous scientific explanations attempting to explain
how this phenomenon came about. In this paper, I will reduce these
explanations to cultural, economic, and political arguments and arguments
about human nature and the long-term logic of modernity. The author argues
that these explanations have a research gap since there is no answer to why
national populism occurred in 2014 simultaneously in the EU and the United
States. As a set of tools in the international relations discipline, the
author finds that relationalism provides us with lenses that can open up a
space to claim that the simultaneous change, embodied in the emergence of
national populism, occurred due to a change in the structure of the
everyday. Therefore, the paper consists of an interdisciplinary literature
review of relationalism in international relations, everyday nationalism,
the influence of algorithmic power and algorithmic politics on the structure
of human internet presence, and the existing works that indicate the source
of national populism?s emergence. By proving the claims, the author points
out the importance of studying processes in order to understand the events
and changes in international relations that have occurred since 2014.
Regional income convergence in Turkey: An empirical analysis from an endogenous growth perspective
Authors: Bolkol Hakki
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes convergence among regions of Turkey from an endogenous growth perspective. The results show that human capital, which is represented with R&D personnel, has a negative impact on economic growth in the regions based on its percentage in total employment. Moreover, we find that there is an estimated U-shaped relationship, which implies that if the percentage of R&D personnel in total employment increases after a certain level, the effect has a tendency of turning positive; the west region is especially closer to having a positive effect. However, regarding convergence, the relatively high-income west is closer to experiencing the positive effect of R&D personnel. Moreover, due to the relatively low percentage of R&D personnel in the east region, the economic growth of the east region is more negatively affected by R&D personnel. Therefore, using a strategy that is based on increasing the percentage of R&D personnel cannot help the east region to close the differences in income.
The Impact of a Structured Electronic Interacting Brainstorming Platform
Authors: Chen Wei , Trotman Ken T. , Zhang Xiaoyue (Jessica)
Published: August 2021

With the advancements in technology and the recent trends in how audit teams communicate, audit firms increasingly develop and rely on computer-mediated communications and online platforms in the conduct of audits. We examine the effects of two different electronic interacting brainstorming platforms, structured (idea inputs organized into trees and shown by categories/topics) and non-structured (idea inputs in chronological sequence), on audit team brainstorming performance. While the psychology literature suggests potential benefits from the structured brainstorming platforms, we find that, in a fraud hypothesis generation task, a structured brainstorming platform does not improve audit team fraud brainstorming performance (either quantity or quality of fraud hypotheses generated). Further, we find that a structured brainstorming platform reduces the differences in brainstorming performance and mental simulations between managers and seniors. This is because a structured brainstorming platform reduces managers' performance, although it has no negative effects on seniors' performance.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
The Structure of State Auditor Functions in the Fight Against Corruption
Authors: Flasher Renee , Shirley Syrena , Higgins James P.
Published: August 2021

In this study, we examine the structure of the state auditor or equivalent function to determine the relationship with federal corruption convictions. Specifically, we explore whether differences in the responsibilities for (1) financial statement audits of state or local governments (i.e., state audit function versus private-sector auditor) and (2) fraud investigations through whistleblower programs within states are associated with federal corruption prosecutions within the state. We find that states' efforts in the fight against corruption appear to be more effective where state audit functions are responsible for both financial statement audits and fraud investigations. We interpret our results as support for deterrence benefits achievable through state auditor functions' active involvement in financial statement audits and fraud investigations.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from various internet sources.
The Clinical Nurse Specialist Role and its Relevance to Vascular Access: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Raynak Andrea , Wood Brianne
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement study was to examine the impact of a Vascular Access Clinical Nurse Specialist (VA-CNS) on patient and organizational outcomes.

Description of the Project/Program: The VA-CNS role was created and implemented at an acute care hospital in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The VA-CNS collected data on clinical activities and interventions performed from April 1 to March 29, 2019. The dataset and its associated qualitative clinical outcomes were analyzed using deductive content analysis. Furthermore, a cost analysis was performed by the hospital accountant on these clinical outcomes.

Outcome: Over a 1-year period, there were 547 patients protected from an unwarranted peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion among 302 patient consultations for the VA-CNS. A total of 322 ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters were inserted and 45 PICC insertions completed at the bedside. The cost associated with the 547 patients not receiving a PICC line result in an estimated savings of $113,301. The VA-CNS role demonstrated a positive payback of $417,525 to the organization.

Conclusion: The results of this quality improvement project have demonstrated the positive impacts of the VACNS on patient and organizational outcomes. This role may be of benefit and worth its adoption for other health systems with similar patient populations.
Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes May Be Underestimated in the Chinese Population: Evidence From 21.7 Million People Between 2007 and 2017
Authors: Liu Chang , Yuan Ying-Chao , Guo Mo-Ning , Xin Zhong , Chen Guan-Jie , Bentley Amy R. , Hua Lin , Zheng Jian-Peng , Ekoru Kenneth , Yang Jin-Kui
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

Previous reports of the annual incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China were conducted using retrospective hospital cases, which may not reflect the reality. This longitudinal study estimated T1D incidence in a Chinese population of 21.7 million from 2007 to 2017.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A population-based registry of T1D was performed by the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center. Annual incidence and 95% CIs were calculated by age group and sex. The association of sex with T1D incidence and predicted new cases of T1D were assessed using Poisson regression models. Annual percentage change and average annual percentage of change were assessed using Joinpoint regression.

RESULTS

Overall, there were 6,875 individuals who developed T1D from 2007 to 2017 in this population. T1D incidence (/100,000 persons) (95% CI) significantly increased from 2.72 (2.51, 2.93) in 2007 to 3.60 (3.38, 3.78) in 2017 (P < 0.001). The T1D onset peak was in the 10–14-year-old age group. While no significant trend was found in the 0–14- and 15–29-year-old age groups, T1D incidence markedly increased from 1.87 to 3.52 in the ≥30-year-old age group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis was highest in the 0–4-year-old age group. We predicted new cases of T1D will increase 1.57-fold over the next decade.

CONCLUSIONS

T1D incidence in this large Chinese population is higher than has been reported previously. From 2007 to 2017, although the incidence peak was in the 10–14-year age group, the T1D incidence increased sharply in adults but not in youth.
REGULAR MECHANISMS FOR THE METAPHORIZATION OF QUANTITATIVE MEANINGS IN ITALIAN AND FRENCH: COMPARATIVE ANALYTICS
Authors: AKSENOVA KSENIYA A. , BELYAEV DMITRIY A. , KUTOMANOV SERGEY A.
Published: August 2021

The paper aims at identifying metaphorization of quantitative lexemes as a basic means to form quantifiers. The research objective is to develop a classification of qualitative parameters for the Italian and French quantifiers. In particular, a structural approach is used, based on such methods of material analysis as the comparative-typological method, contextual analysis, and the method of lexicographic definitions. The authors pay attention to the identification of qualitative parameters, a set of properties that characterizes the quantifiers under study. All identified parameters are analysed in a comparative manner. The authors have pointed to such parameters as deicticity, statics / dynamics, connotation, homogeneity / heterogeneity, simultaneity / sequence.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA IN THE DISCIPLINE “FOREIGN LANGUAGE”
Authors: PLAKHOTNYUK LYUDMILA A.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes some important principles in organizing independent work in the discipline “Foreign Language” in the higher educational establishments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. This study is based on the theoretical and methodological interpretation of existing and new pedagogical approaches and theories aimed at improving independent work in the discipline “Foreign Language”. The research analyzes the theoretical and practical approaches to the forms of independent work which can be considered as indicators of developing language competencies included in the Foreign Language curriculum in high educational institutions of the MIA of Russia.
PROBLEMS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENTS’ READINESS FOR SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL INTERACTION
Authors: SENCHENKOV NIKOLAI P.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the problem of vocational education students’ readiness for successful social interaction. The structural units of the concept under consideration are also analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to the influence of different social groups that determine the formation of students’ readiness for successful social interaction in the secondary vocational education system.
RHETORICAL MODE OF DISCURSIVE PRACTICES OF MODERN RUSSIAN NATIONALISM
Authors: IVANOVA ELENA M.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the rhetorical mode of discursive practices related to modern Russian nationalism as a set of all linguopragmatic methods and means of implementing the communicative strategy of a nationalist text; the author analyses the rhetorical architectonics of the nationalist text by the specific material (media texts by Egor Kholmogorov).
REFLECTION OF SOME PHONETIC PROCESSES IN ZLATOUST OF THE END OF THE XVI CENTURY
Authors: LIKHACHEVA ELIZAVETA S.
Published: August 2021

The article describes the phonetic processes reflected in the Russian manuscript of the end of the 16th century. It turns out that Zlatoust contains a lot of examples of such processes which were characteristic for the Old Russian language of the late period and its individual dialects. This situation indicates that by the end of the 16th century colloquial and dialect elements are increasingly penetrating into the language of canonical texts - works of religious content. In this regard, the article draws a parallel between Zlatoust and the manuscript of the Apostle of the early 16th century which is more conservative in terms of reflection of the phonetic changes.
Application of Deep Learning For Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Sharma Neha , Veenadhari Dr. S , Kulhare Rachna
Published: August 2021

Deep learning is a type of artificial intelligence that employs neural networks, a multi-layered structure of algorithms. Deep learning is an accumulation of artificial intelligence statistics based on artificial neural networks for the teaching of functional hierarchies. In sentiment analysis, deep learning is also applied. This paper begins with an overview of deep learning before moving on to a detailed examination of its present uses in sentiment analysis.
Solar Convertor Performance Analysis Fitting Load at Two Different Local Areas
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Vishwakarma Prof. Shravan
Published: August 2021

Multilevel converters are divided into diode clamp inverters, flying capacitor inverters and cascade inverters. The main objective of this work is to design a solar energy system to move loads away from production points and study the system to improve its reliability and efficiency. And analyze the system with the inverter field-oriented feedback control under transient load conditions to analyze the efficiency of the system in driving motor loads. The simulated work in this work demonstrates the possibility of using a photovoltaic cell to power a motor via a three-phase bridge inverter. It can be concluded that this work will contribute to the analysis of solar modules for the operation of a motor using a PWM inverter. The work also aims to perform an analysis of the solar energy system that moves loads away from the point of generation. The drive commands at the load points are analyzed during the process, taking into account the transient load conditions.
Prediction of the Conditions of Chloride-Hydride Epitaxy of Ga1–yInyAs1–xPx Isoperiod Layers with GaAs and GaAs1–xPx
Authors:   MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia, Vigdorovich E.N.
Published: August 2021

Multicomponent solid solutions of AIIIBV are increasingly used in optoelectronics, photonics, and other fields of science and technology. These are AlGaInN-based emitters, InGaAsP-based receivers, etc. In addition, these materials are widely used as buffer and isomorphic layers in general-purpose nanoheterostructures. The main methods of their production are gas-phase methods, such as chloride-hydride, MOS-hydride epitaxy, MBE. The development of optimal technological modes of multicomponent layers and structures, as a rule, takes a lot of time and is quite expensive. In this paper, the author proposed a method for modeling processes based on the basic physical and chemical laws of the crystallization processes of materials and the properties of AIIIBV compounds. The analysis and prediction of the processes of obtaining four-component solid solutions In1–yGayAs1–xPx, isoperiodic with GaAs, three-component solid solutions GaAs0,8P0,2 and GaAs0,6P0,4 were performed. The calculated modes have been experimentally implemented and the materials corresponding to the current level of quality have been obtained.
CoNiFe Triple System Films Formation by Electrochemical Deposition
Authors:   SMC «Technological Centre», Moscow, Russia, Tikhonov R.D. , Polomoshnov S.A. ,   SMC «Technological Centre», Moscow, Russia, Amelichev V.V. ,   SMC «Technological Centre», Moscow, Russia, Cheremisinov A.A. ,   SMC «Technological Centre», Moscow, Russia, Kovalev A.M. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

High-permeability films of CoNiFe triple system form the basis for high-density magnetic data storage. Electrochemical deposition of CoNiFe films, as contrasted with «dry» processes, gives more homogeneous coating with lesser defect level and allows reinforcing the films thickness without stresses. This study investigates the nature of the phenomena taking place at electrochemical deposition of CoNiFe films and leading to the difference in the relative content of the elements in the electrolyte and in the film. The hydrogen exponent of chloride electrolytes was examined in the temperature range of 25–70 °C and electrochemical deposition of CoNiFe films at 70 °C was studied. It was demonstrated that CoCl2, NiCl2, FeCl2 salt solutions with concentration from 0,006 to 1 mole/l are characterized by complex process of ion balance formation in single and mixed solutions. The deposition of CoNiFe films was carried out from chloride electrolyte with a component content ratio of 1:1:1 at an average concentration of 0,083 mole/l of each component. It has been established that the content of the component in the film at electrochemical deposition of three-component solution CoCl2, NiCl2, FeCl2 with equal concentration of each component did not correspond to the composition of the electrolyte but was closest to the composition of the electrolyte at a decrease in the concentration of each component at high current density.
Estimation of the Automated Video Control Device’s Target Functions Performance Probability
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Stepanov N.V.
Published: August 2021

Operating quality of automated video control systems depends on optical specifications of video camera and peculiar features of video algorithm. Specified target function performance probability can serve as criterion of automated video control use efficiency. In this work, a new performance efficiency estimation method for automated equipment of target environment video control is suggested: to estimate the probability of target functions’ (object detection, capture, and auto tracking) performance. Theoretical prediction of target functions performance probability was built upon Johnson’s criterion and the use of optimal receiver model. The results of suggested method’s experimental verification have shown that target detection occurred when signal/noise ratio level was above 6. This level can be regarded as low value to ensure that object is detected with probability 0.9.
Energy and Environment Analysis Methodology Application for the Study of the Clean Room Air Removal System in Microelectronics
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Gundartsev M.A. , Karakeyan V.I. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Ryabyshenkov A.S. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Sharaeva V.P. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

The most part of chemical substances applied in clean rooms are aggressive and toxic, which requires analysis of air removal system not only from functionally related standpoint but also with regard to energy and environment. This study investigates the possibility of applying the methodology of energy and environmental analysis to compare the environmental friendliness of various air removal systems of clean rooms. It was shown that direct air removal, although having a thermodynamic advantage over a system with purification, was less favorable for the environment due to the significant level of the environmental index, which reflected the considerable potential economic damage from emissions to the atmosphere. This investigation has revealed the pollutants dominating in the composition of emissions and determining the validity of the decision on the structure of the air removal system of the clean room, taking into account the environmental, economic and biomedical aspects of its operation.
Bazı Ekonomik Toprak Nem Sensörlerinin Hassasiyetlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇAMOĞLU Gökhan , KIZIL Ünal , DEMİREL Kürşad , AKSU Sefa , NAR Hakan , GENÇ Levent
Published: August 2021

Son yıllarda ucuzlayan bazı toprak nem sensörlerinin kullanımı Arduino mikroişlemci kontrol kartları sayesinde giderek artmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışma kapsamında, oldukça ekonomik olan 3 farklı toprak nem sensörünün son yıllarda sıklıkla kullanılan Arduino mikroişlemci kontrol kartıyla toprak nemini belirlemede kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada 4 farklı tipte sensör ele alınmıştır. Bu sensörlerden biri kontrol sensörü (10HS, DECAGON) olarak kullanılmış, diğerleri de Arduino toprak nem sensörü, gravity analog toprak nem sensörü ve kapasitif toprak nem sensörü olarak bilinen ve sıklıkla kullanılan sensörlerden seçilmiştir. Bu sensörlerin, topraklı (orta bünye) ve topraksız (1/1 oranında torf+perlit) olmak üzere iki farklı yetiştirme ortamında toprak nemine karşı tepkileri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen sonuçlara göre performansı test edilen 3 farklı toprak nem sensörünün özellikle topraksız ortamda doğru okuma yapamadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca toprak nemini algılama konusunda da çok değişken sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Oksitlenmeden dolayı ekonomik ömürlerinin çok kısa olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bu nem sensörlerinin kullanımı konusunda dikkatli olunması gerektiği söylenebilir.
Effect of Different Organic Manures Application on the Bioactive Compound and Yield of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under 50% Drought
Authors: TURFAN Nezahat
Published: August 2021

This study was carried out to assess the contribution of different organic fertilizer mixtures [(CONTROL (open field), CATTLE, CHICKEN, GOAT, İMPORTED PEAT (IPT), NATİVE PEAT (NPT), FİELD SOİL (FS: in greenhouse)] to drought tolerance of Taşköprü garlic, which was exposed to 50% water deficiency under greenhouse conditions. For this purpose, the measurement of yield was performed with bulbs, but the amount of some bioactive chemicals as chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid, phenolic, proline, protein, free amino acid, sugars, pyruvic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities obtained from the fresh leaf and cloves grown in the different soil mix. According to the result, while the amount of pigment was found to be higher in the leaf of FS and FS-IPT, the flavonoid in FS-CHICKEN and total phenolic in FS-CATTLE-GOAT samples, nitrogenous compounds, and sugars (glucose, sucrose) were found to be rich in the control group (open field). The measurement of bulb weight, length, diameter, and the amount of lycopene, flavonoid, total phenolic, and free amino acid of garlic cloves obtained from FS-CHICKEN-IPT, FS-CATTLE-GOAT, FS-CHICKEN-GOAT, and FS-GOAT-NPT was higher when compared to the control. Furthermore, APX and SOD increased, whereas malondialdehyde lowered in these samples. As a result, the amounts of bulb yield, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compound, and sugars estimated using organic fertilizer were higher than the control, which was grown with inorganic fertilizer in an open field. In addition, the most drought-susceptible examples are the samples of FS, FS-ITP, FS-NTP, and FS-CATTLE soils considering all data.
Ülkemizde Yetiştirilen Önemli Fasulye Çeşitlerinin Pas (Uromyces appendiculatus) ve Adi Yaprak Yanıklığı (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) Hastalıklarına Karşı Dayanıklılık Kaynakları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: PALACIOĞLU Gülsüm , TOMBUL Sinem , BAYRAKTAR Harun , ÖZER Göksel
Published: August 2021

Fasulye pası Uromyces appendiculatus ve adi yaprak yanıklığı etmeni Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli dünya genelinde fasulye üretim alanlarında yaygın olarak görülen önemli hastalık etmenleridir. Bu hastalık etmenleriyle en etkin ve sürdürülebilir mücadele yöntemi dayanıklı ıslah materyallerinin geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmalarda söz konusu hastalıklara karşı dayanıklılıkta rol oynayan lokuslar ile ilişkili birçok moleküler markör geliştirilmiş ve ıslah çalışmalarına dâhil edilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında ise ülkemizde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen 40 adet fasulye çeşidi, pas ve adi yaprak yanıklığı hastalıklarına karşı taşıdıkları dayanıklılık kaynakları bakımından SCAR markörleri (SAE19, SI19, SA14, SBC6, SAP6, SU91, BC420) aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. U. appendiculatus’a karşı dayanıklılıkla ilişkili Ur-11 ve Ur-4 lokuslarının çeşitler arasında oldukça yaygın olduğu görülürken, X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli’ye karşı sadece Boncuk, Belinay Sırık, Sırık barbunya, Zülbiye ve Bulduk çeşitlerinin B10 lokusu taşıdığı gözlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında tespit edilen bu dayanıklılık lokuslarının fasulye pası ve adi yaprak yanıklığı hastalıklarına karşı ıslah materyallerinin geliştirilmesinde ve gen piramitleme çalışmalarında potansiyel dayanıklılık kaynakları olarak dikkate alınması faydalı olacaktır.
El ideal y lo posible. Las reformas tucumanas en la construcción del estado provincial (1820-1852)
Authors: Nanni Facundo , Wilde Ana Cristina
Published: August 2021

Al caer el gobierno central en 1820, las ciudades-provincias tuvieron que resolver la herencia colonial y los cambios iniciados por la Revolución. En este artículo abordamos la creación y/o reforma de las principales instituciones y prácticas políticas emprendidas con el fin de alcanzar la gobernabilidad del territorio de Tucumán. Desde la bibliografía especializada y a partir de nuestras propias investigaciones analizamos el desenvolvimiento del gobernador, la emergencia de la legislatura, la reorganización de la justicia, milicias y policía, como así también, la politización del espacio público. Estas variables revelaron un orden republicano sincrético entre lo nuevo y lo viejo, en donde la apelación constante a la “emergencia” fortaleció al gobernador y antepuso el orden común a los derechos y garantías individuales.
Prevalencia de desnutrición infantil en menores de tres años en dos cantones de Ecuador
Authors: Mosso Ortiz Mary Consuelo , Rea Guamán Mery Rocío , Beltrán Moso Katherin Madeley , Contreras Jose Ivo
Published: August 2021

Introducción: En Ecuador, de la población de menores de 5 años, uno de cada cuatro niños, sufre desnutrición crónica. La situación es más grave para la niñez indígena en los que, uno de cada dos niños la padece, así mismo, cuatro de cada 10 presentan algún grado de anemia. Materiales y métodos: Se trató de un estudio con orientación cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo y transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 785 niños de la sierra ecuatoriana cuyos representantes firmaron un asentimiento informado, previo a la aplicación de la encuesta. Para la estimación de estado nutricional se utilizó el sistema informático de gestión integral SGINUTRICIÓN del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Resultados: La prevalencia de la desnutrición a partir de la relación peso y talla global fue de 18,1%, la baja talla fue la más frecuente (12,8%), tomando en cuenta la talla relacionada con la edad, 29,5% de los niños presentaron algún nivel de desnutrición; la desnutrición según peso y talla, tuvieron una diferencia importante entre los indígenas (35%) y mestizos (17%), la baja talla fue la condición más común y en una proporción mucho menor, estuvo la baja talla severa; la desnutrición según peso y talla fue similar, ligeramente mayor entre los mestizos y en las formas más frecuentes como lo son, la talla baja y su versión severa. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la desnutrición que mide la relación talla y peso (crónica) fue mayor que la de peos para la edad (aguda), se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la desnutrición de acuerdo a la autoidentificación étnica entre mestizos e indígenas.
Medios de comunicación universitarios como escenarios de aprendizaje: el caso de Ecuador
Authors: Trámpuz Juan Pablo , Barredo-Ibáñez Daniel , Palomo-Torres María Bella
Published: August 2021

La sala de redacción de los medios de comunicación universitarios (MCU) se constituye como uno de los escenarios más importantes para aprender haciendo periodismo; sin embargo, en medio de las transformaciones es necesario reflexionar sobre el futuro de estos espacios. En esta investigación, mediante una encuesta tipo Delphi, se consultó a un grupo de expertos con el objetivo de consensuar sobre la situación actual y prospectiva de los MCU en Ecuador. Los resultados permiten identificar algunos factores que inciden en la configuración de estos escenarios, mientras que su futuro parece estar marcado por el trabajo en redes, la convergencia de medios y una creciente importancia de la virtualización de las salas de redacción. En conclusión, frente a un escenario marcado por la necesidad de cambios y los recursos económicos cada vez más escasos, se recomienda fortalecer el trabajo colaborativo con otros actores.
The effectiveness of dalethyne dressings for reducing bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Jais Suriadi , Priyono Djoko
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a dalethyne dressing for decreasing bacteria in diabetic patients with infected foot ulcers.

Methods

This study was conducted from March to September 2018 with a sample of 30 participants from the outpatient Kitamura Wound Clinic in Pontianak City, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest–posttest control group design was used for the study. Participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group (treated with a dalethyne dressing) and a control group (treated with a standard dressing). Two trained research assistants collected the data using the Wagner wound classification system and a bacteria counter. The assistants swabbed each wound surface with sterile cotton, and the swabs were used to conduct a bacteria culture and count.

Results

The study population was 50% female and 50% male with no significant differences between each other in age, HbA1c, blood pressure, or ankle-brachial index (ABI; P > 0.05). Both groups had a significant reduction in the number of bacteria from the pretest to posttest (P < 0.05). Mann–Whitney analysis of posttest data indicated a significant difference in bacteria reduction between the control group (median = 2.25) and the intervention group (median = 7.6; P = 0.018). It was noted that Staphylococcus aureus was found in the control group at posttest, but not in the intervention group.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that a dalethyne dressing is effective for killing S. aureus in the infected foot ulcers of diabetic patients.
Evaluation of undergraduate students’ nursing assessment and communication skills through an objective structured clinical examination within a high-fidelity simulation using a student-simulated patient†
Authors: Yuan Hao-Bin
Published: August 2021

Objective

To evaluate nursing students’ assessment and communication skills through an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) within a high-fidelity simulation using a student-simulated patient (SSP) and analyze the validity, reliability, degree of difficulty, and discriminability of the OSCE.

Methods

A descriptive study was conducted at one nursing school in Macao. All scenarios were designed using a high-fidelity simulator combined with SSPs. A convenience sample of 54 baccalaureate nursing students completed the OSCE. The nursing assessment OSCE checklist (NAOC) and the communication evaluation rubric (CER) were used as observational measurements with three-point Likert scales (2 = Achieved, 1 = Partly achieved, 0 = Not completed/Incorrect).

Results

Difficulty coefficients of the exam were 0.63 for nursing assessment skills and 0.56 for communication skills. The discrimination index of the majority items of the NAOC (86.4%) was >0.20, showing a better to good discriminability. The items of the CER had satisfactory indexes of item discrimination (from 0.38 to 0.84). Students received high scores in conducting blood oxygen saturation and cardiac and lung auscultation but low scores in vomiting and diarrhea assessment. Students presented good communication skills in eye contacting and listening, but culture assessment needs to be improved. The students with experiences in simulation or simulated patient (SP) interactions had better assessment and communication skills than students without those experiences. There was a positive relationship between nursing assessment and communication skills (r = 0.67, P = 0.000).

Conclusions

SSPs were involved in enhancing the realism of interactions in simulated scenarios. Nursing students can conduct nursing assessments specific to patient conditions, explain the conditions to the patient, and ensure that the patient remains informed at all times of the precautions to be taken. However, students’ cultural awareness and some communication skills need further training. With moderate difficulty and high discrimination index, OSCE showed satisfactory reliability and validity.
Association between calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Jin-Ping , Ren Hong-Xia , Wang Yan-Fei , Han Shi-Fan , Zhu Chang-Tai
Published: August 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effects of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density in children.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were systematically searched. The retrieve inception date was between October 2001 and October 2019. Two reviewers independently performed the data extraction and assessed methodology quality. Studies were limited to randomized clinical trials comparing calcium supplement with a placebo for bone mineral density in children. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 6 randomized controlled trials involving 408 participants (calcium supplementation group: 198; placebo group: 210) were finally included in this study. The meta-analysis revealed that, compared with placebos, calcium supplementation had no effect on the bone mineral densities [the whole-body: SMD with CI = 0.43 (−0.05–0.91), P=0.08, I
2 = 75%; the 2nd–4th lumbar vertebrae: SMD with 95% CI = 0.27 (−0.17 to 0.70), P = 0.07, I
2 = 0%)]. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of the whole-body bone mineral density were unstable and that the bone density of the 2nd–4th lumbar spine was robust.

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis suggested that calcium supplementation did not improve bone mineral density in children. However, there continues to be a need for more high-quality studies to verify this fact in the future.