bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of tumor growth rate with overall survival and recurrence among patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Faye G. , Viswanathan Shankar , Zhang Chenxin , Smith Richard V. , Schiff Bradley A. , Ow Thomas J. , Garg Madhur K. , Kabarriti Rafi , Mehta Vikas
Published: July 2024

Background

Delay in time to treatment initiation (TTI) is associated with worsened survival outcomes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). It is unclear whether this is due to tumor growth or an increased risk of metastatic disease.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study at one academic center included patients with LSCC who underwent radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy between 2005 and 2017. We examined the association between tumor growth rate (TGR) and survival outcomes.

Results

Among 105 patients (mean age, 63.8 ± 11.1 years; 72% male), the threshold between “slow‐growing” and “fast‐growing” tumors was >0.036 mL/day (survival) and >0.082 mL/day (recurrence). Faster growth was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–4.13) and increased recurrence (odds ratio, 9.10; 95% CI, 2.40–34.4).

Conclusions

TGR >0.036 mL/day during TTI was associated with decreased OS, and >0.082 mL/day was associated with increased recurrence. Tumor measurement in patients experiencing delay may identify those who could benefit from escalated therapy.
Factors influencing individual vaccine preferences for COVID‐19 in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana: An observational study using discrete choice experiment analysis
Authors: Gyasi Samuel Fosu , Kumi Williams , Kwofie Charles
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

There has been hesitancy among people with regard to accepting vaccines, especially that of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). This hesitancy is aggravated by the different vaccine alternatives available and what one considers before choosing a particular vaccine. The aim of this article was to investigate some driving factors that can influence an individual's COVID‐19 vaccine preference in the presence of other alternatives, using some specific vaccine characteristics.

Methods

Discrete choice questionnaire was designed using the attributes and their corresponding levels to collect data on participants' preference for a COVID vaccine over a period of 12 Weeks in Sunyani, Ghana, with the help of an observational study design. A total of 150 participants receiving Covid‐19 vaccines at the University of Energy and Natural Resources Hospital were systematically selected and interviewed. Factors considered included: Efficacy of the vaccine, credibility of the manufacturing company, side effects of the vaccine, and availability of the vaccine. Data was analyzed using the conditional probit of the discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Results

Results from the study using the conditional probit of the discrete choice experiment (DCE) showed efficacy, side effects, and availability as significant attributes for preference. However, there was no preference with respect to the credibility of the manufacturing company. In addition, vaccine availability was not a dis‐utility in comparison to the alternatives that are readily available. This disutility was however higher among males than females.

Conclusion

From the study, most respondents preferred a COVID‐19 vaccine that is highly efficacious or a vaccine with milder side effect or a vaccine that may not necessarily be readily available. It was also observed that dis‐utility is higher among males when it comes to vaccine not being readily available than females as the odds of a female choosing a vaccine that is readily available is much higher compared to their males counterparts.
Recent advancements in flow control using plasma actuators and plasma vortex generators
Authors: Abdullah Md. , Galib Muhammad Taharat , Khan Md. Shawkut Ali , Rahman Tamanna , Hossain Md. Mosharrof
Published: July 2024

Flow‐control techniques have attracted significant attention in many scientific areas due to their ability to improve the effectiveness and regulate the flow of aerodynamic devices. This study explores the latest developments in flow‐control techniques, specifically concentrating on the cutting‐edge technologies of plasma vortex generators (PVGs) and actuators. By taking advantage of the ionization of gases or air, plasma actuators have become a viable method for modifying an object's aerodynamic properties without needing physical moving parts. These actuators create localized plasma discharges that interact with the surrounding flow to provide accurate separation control, boundary‐layer dynamics, and aerodynamic forces on aircraft wings, wind turbine blades, and other surfaces. PVG, which produce controlled vortical structures, offer a novel way to manipulate airflow with plasma actuators. These generators create swirling motions through plasma discharges that can be used in various technical applications, such as automotive, marine, and aviation, to modify boundary layers, reduce drag, and improve lift characteristics. This study offers an overview of recent work, focusing on the theoretical underpinnings, experimental validations, and practical applications of plasma‐based flow‐control technologies. Advances in plasma‐generating techniques, computational modeling approaches, and experimental configurations to optimize and comprehend the intricate fluid–structure interactions are covered in the debate. Moreover, the study delves into incorporating plasma‐based flow management into cars, renewable energy systems, and next‐generation aerospace designs, highlighting the possibility of increased agility, decreased emissions, and efficiency. It also discusses the difficulties and potential paths for developing these technologies further for use in business and industry, highlighting the necessity of dependable, scalable, and durable solutions. Finally, this study summarizes the most recent advancements in vortex generators and plasma actuators for flow control. It demonstrates how they have the power to revolutionize fluid dynamics and aerodynamics in a variety of engineering fields.
Human papillomavirus prevalence, genotype distribution, and prognostic factors of vaginal cancer
Authors: Tung Hsiu‐Jung , Wang You‐Chen , Lin Chiao‐Yun , Liao Min‐Jie , Pan Yu‐Bin , Jung Shih‐Ming , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Huang Huei‐Jean , Chao Angel , Chou Hung‐Hsueh , Chang Ting‐Chang , Yang Lan‐Yan , Lai Chyong‐Huey
Published: July 2024

We aimed to investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution and prognostic factors in vaginal cancer (VC). VC patients who received treatment between 1989 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. L1 general polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by HPV Blot (King Car, I‐Lan, Taiwan) and E6 type‐specific‐PCR were performed for genotyping firstly. P16 and p53 immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified predictors of clinical outcomes.79 VC patients were eligible for analysis. 73 patients (92.4%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 6 (7.6%) as non‐SCC. The median follow‐up time was 134.3 months (range 0.9–273.4). Among nine initially HPV‐negative cases, seven were identified as being positive through HPV16/18/45/52/58 whole‐genome amplification followed by Sanger sequencing (WGASS). HPV DNA sequences were detected in 98.6% of SCC and 83.3% of non‐SCC, respectively, with HPV16 (49.4%), HPV52 (15.2%) and HPV58 (8.9%) being predominant. Patients with paraaortic lymph node (LN) metastasis had a 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rate of 0%. Multivariate analysis revealed that only p16 and stage were significantly correlated with prognosis. Variables with strong correlations (p16‐ and HPV‐positivity, LN metastasis and stage), were included in models 2–5 alternatively. Stage III/IV (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.64–4.56) and LN metastasis (HR = 2.81–3.44) were significant negative predictors of CSS, whereas p16‐positivity (HR = 0.29–0.32) and HPV‐positivity (HR = 0.14) were related to better prognosis. In conclusion, 97.5% of VCs were HPV‐positive with WGASS. Stage III/IV and LN metastasis were significant negative predictors, whereas p16‐ and HPV‐positivity were significantly associated with better prognosis.
Latent change scores models for applied research: A practical guide using Mplus
Authors: Vecchione Michele , Zuffianò Antonio
Published: July 2024

The present article provides a practical guide for modelling and interpreting several basic applications of the latent change scores (LCS) model, a useful and flexible approach for the analysis of change. The article is addressed to students, researchers and practitioners who are familiar with structural equation modelling but new to LCS. We first provided a gentle introduction to the LCS model using non‐technical language and minimal mathematical formalism. We illustrated the basic ideas behind this approach, introducing LCS in its simplest form. We show how this model can be straightforwardly extended to more complex applications, including the dual change score (DCS) model and some of its variants (i.e., the proportional change and the constant change models). We illustrated how the univariate LCS model can be used to determine the growth trajectory of a variable across multiple waves of assessment. Next, we focused on the bivariate case, which allows for the modelling of the dynamic relations between two variables. For each model, we provided easy‐to‐follow examples of applications based on Schwartz's theory of basic personal values. The examples are accompanied by annotated syntax and output showing how they can be implemented with the Mplus software and how results can be interpreted.
Enhancing the activation of T cells through anti‐CD3/CD28 magnetic beads by adjusting the antibody ratio
Authors: Chen Yinuo , Zhao Rui , Fan Qi , Liu Mengmeng , Huang Yonglin , Shi Guoqing
Published: July 2024

The utilization of anti‐CD3/CD28 magnetic beads for T cell expansion in vitro has been investigated for adoptive cell transfer therapy. However, the impact of the CD3/CD28 antibody ratio on T cell differentiation and function remains incompletely elucidated. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap. To begin with, CD3 antibodies with a relatively low avidity for Jurkat cells (Kd = 13.55 nM) and CD28 antibodies with a relatively high avidity (Kd = 5.79 nM) were prepared. Afterwards, anti‐CD3/CD28 antibodies with different mass ratios were attached to magnetic beads to examine the impacts of different antibody ratios on T cell capture, and proliferation. The research demonstrated that the most significant expansion of T cells was stimulated by the anti‐CD3/CD28 magnetic beads with a mass ratio of 2:1 for CD3 antibodies and CD28 antibodies. Moreover, CD25 and PD1 expression of expanded T cells increased and then decreased, with lower CD25 and PD1 expression in the later stages of expansion indicating that T cells were not depleted. These T cells, which are massively expanded in vitro and have excellent expansion potential, can be infused back into the patient to treat tumor patients. This study shows that altering the ratio of anti‐CD3/CD28 antibodies can control the strength of T cell stimulation, thereby leading to the improvement of T cell activation. This discovery can be utilized as a guide for the creation of other T cell stimulation approaches, which is beneficial for the further development of tumor immunotherapy technology.
Differences in the approach to guideline‐directed medical therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A survey of cardiologists, internists, and pharmacists
Authors: Alhashimi Lana , Cordwin David J. , Guidi Jessica , Hummel Scott L. , Koelling Todd M. , Dorsch Michael P.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) has significantly improved outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, GDMT prescribing remains suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to survey cardiologists, internists, and pharmacists on their approach to GDMT prescribing.

Methods

A survey containing 20 clinical vignettes of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was answered by 127 cardiologists, 68 internists, and 89 pharmacists. Each vignette presented options for adjusting GDMT. Responses were dichotomized to the answer of interest. A mixed‐effect model was used to calculate the odds of changing GDMT between pharmacists and physicians.

Results

Pharmacists were more likely to make changes to GDMT compared with internists (92.1 vs. 82%; odds ratio [OR] 3.02 [1.50–6.06]; p = 0.002). In medically naïve patients, pharmacists were more likely to initiate beta‐blockers than internists (45.4 vs. 32.0%; OR 2.19 [1.00–4.79], p = 0.049). Pharmacists were more likely than both internists and cardiologists to initiate mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (34.4 vs. 11.5%; OR 4.95 [2.41–10.18]; p < 0.001 and 34.4 vs. 13.9%; OR 3.95 [2.16–7.21]; p < 0.001). Pharmacists were more likely than both internists and cardiologists to titrate beta‐blockers (30.9 vs. 16.4%; OR 3.15 [1.92–5.19]; p < 0.001 and 30.9 vs. 22.0%; OR 1.88 [0.18–2.87]; p = 0.0030). Pharmacists were more likely than internists to titrate angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitors (61.8 vs. 34.1%; OR 3.54 [1.50–8.39]; p = 0.004).

Conclusions

The survey results show pharmacists were more likely to make any adjustments to GDMT than internists and cardiologists. Pharmacists prefer adding spironolactone and titrating beta‐blockers compared with cardiologists and internists. Compared with only internists, pharmacists were more likely to initiate beta‐blockers and titrate the dose of angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor.
Endocrine disruption of adipose physiology: Screening in SGBS cells
Authors: Kucera Jan , Chalupova Zuzana , Wabitsch Martin , Bienertova‐Vasku Julie
Published: July 2024

The increasing use of industrial chemicals has raised concerns regarding exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with developmental, reproductive and metabolic processes. Of particular concern is their interaction with adipose tissue, a vital component of the endocrine system regulating metabolic and hormonal functions. The SGBS (Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome) cell line, a well‐established human‐relevant model for adipocyte research, closely mimics native adipocytes' properties. It responds to hormonal stimuli, undergoes adipogenesis and has been successfully used to study the impact of EDCs on adipose biology. In this study, we screened human exposure‐relevant doses of various EDCs on the SGBS cell line to investigate their effects on viability, lipid accumulation and adipogenesis‐related protein expression. Submicromolar doses were generally well tolerated; however, at higher doses, EDCs compromised cell viability, with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) showing the most pronounced effects. Intracellular lipid levels remained unaffected by EDCs, except for tributyltin (TBT), used as a positive control, which induced a significant increase. Analysis of adipogenesis‐related protein expression revealed several effects, including downregulation of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) by dibutyl phthalate, upregulation by CdCl2 and downregulation of perilipin 1 and FABP4 by perfluorooctanoic acid. Additionally, TBT induced dose‐dependent upregulation of C/EBPα, perilipin 1 and FABP4 protein expression. These findings underscore the importance of employing appropriate models to study EDC‐adipocyte interactions. Conclusions from this research could guide strategies to reduce the negative impacts of EDC exposure on adipose tissue.
Morpho‐molecular analyses and scanning electron microscopy reveal two new species of genus Lactarius from the northwestern Himalaya, India
Authors: Verma Komal , Singh Shiny , Uniyal Priyanka , Mehmood Tahir , Sharma Yash Pal
Published: July 2024

One of the largest subgenera of the genus Lactarius, Lactarius subg. Russularia is abundant in the forests of the Himalayas. This article proposes Lactarius crassostipes sp. nov. and Lactarius flavocorpus sp. nov. under the L. subgenus Russularia. It includes comprehensive macro‐ and micro‐morphological descriptions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, drawings, and comparisons with related species. The taxa's novelty is validated using phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS.

Research Highlights

SEM and subsequent nrITS‐based molecular phylogeny revealed two novel species (L. crassostipes and L. flavocorpus) of the genus Lactarius subg. Russularia.

To further characterize the size, form, and ornamentation of these novel species' basidiospores, SEM analysis is an additional tool.

In L. crassostipes “crasso” means thick and “stipes” indicates stipe. In contrast to L. flavocorpus, where “flavocorpus” refers to the golden yellow fruiting body, the name alludes to its unique thick stipe.

L. crassostipes sp. nov. and L. flavocorpus sp. nov have been collected from the coniferous and broad‐leaved forests of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India, respectively.

The diagnostic characteristics, habit, habitat, and similarities to related species are given.
Satellite myoblast and mesenchymal stem cell injections decrease fatty degeneration after rotator cuff tear in rats
Authors: Yozgatli Tahir Koray , Gelenli Dolanbay Elif , Cingoz Tunca , Paksoy Ahmet Emre , Uslu Unal , Ovali Ercument , Kocaoglu Baris
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Rotator cuff (RC) tears cause fatty degeneration, aggravated by delayed treatment. Surgical repair alone cannot reverse fatty degeneration. It was aimed to test if local injections of satellite cell‐derived myoblasts or satellite myoblasts (SM) from the deltoid region and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the subcutaneous abdominal fat pad would stimulate myogenesis and decrease adipogenesis in the rat model of fatty degenerated RC tear.

Methods

A standardized RC tear surgery was performed on both shoulders of 24 Wistar albino rats at t = 0, and rats were followed for 8 weeks to create a chronic degeneration model. The animals were randomly divided into repair + SM and MSC (n = 12) or repair only (n = 12) groups. Transosseous repair with or without stem cell‐based injection was performed on the right shoulder of all rats on week 8, with additional injections on weeks 9 and 10. The left shoulders were used as control. The animals were followed until week 14 for recovery.

Results

Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed in week 14. The repair + SM and MSC group had a significantly greater supraspinatus muscle mass than the repair only and control groups. The adipose tissue ratio was significantly lower in the repair + SM and MSC groups versus the repair only and control groups.

Conclusion

Histologically, the repair + SM and MSC group had improved muscle and tendon organization. In treating chronically degenerated RC tear in a rat model, surgical repair combined with injections of SM and MSC improved fatty degeneration, tendon healing and myogenesis.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
No difference in postoperative patient satisfaction rates between mechanical and kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review
Authors: Khan Zainab‐Aqeel , Leica Alexandra , Sava Manuel‐Paul , Hirschmann Michael T.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review was to compare patient satisfaction patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) levels after mechanically aligned (MA) and kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify potentially relevant articles for this review, published from the beginning of March 2013 until the end of October 2023. Only articles reporting satisfaction after KA TKA, MA TKA or both were included, which use valid and reliable tools for the evaluation and reporting of satisfaction after TKA. Title, authors, year of publication, study design, level of evidence, follow‐up period, patients' demographic data, sample size, type of satisfaction score, postoperative satisfaction score, postoperative alignment, statistical significance, as well as other variables, were extracted for analysis. An Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ) design‐specific scale was used for assessing randomized control trials (RCTs). The nonrandomized control trials were evaluated by using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) was also used to assess cohort studies, while case series were evaluated using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Case Series Studies.

Results

The initial search identified 316 studies, of which 178 were considered for screening. Eleven studies completely fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including one RCT, five nonrandomized control trials/quasi‐experiments, three case series, and two cohort studies. The total number of patients recruited for MA TKA was 1740. Conversely, 497 patients were enrolled for KA TKA. Five studies used the visual analogue scale (VAS) for assessing postoperative patient satisfaction, four used the Knee Society Score (KSS) 2011 version and two Likert‐based types of scores. Overall, the highest mean satisfaction score of KSS 2011 was 31.5 ± 6.6 in the MA group, and 29.8 ± 80 in the KA group in four studies. All of them showed high postoperative patient satisfaction rates for both MA and KA TKA, but with no statistically significant difference between them (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty, as well as kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty led to high rates of postoperative patient satisfaction, with no statistically significant differences between them.

Level of Evidence

Level III, systematic review.
Comparison of early versus late addition of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption for incomplete remission induction in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Tominaga Keiichi , Kanazawa Mimari , Watanabe Shoko , Tanaka Takanao , Kojimahara Shunsuke , Masuyama Satoshi , Abe Keiichiro , Kanamori Akira , Yamamiya Akira , Sugaya Takeshi , Goda Kenichi , Fujita Yuji , Yoshihara Shigemi , Haruyama Yasuo , Irisawa Atsushi
Published: July 2024

Background and aim

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by repeated relapse and remission. Because no fundamental therapeutic strategy has been established, the treatment goal is generally to maintain the remission phase for a long period after rapid remission induction. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption (GMA) for UC is reportedly quite safe because it does not affect immunosuppression. Moreover, it is useful in combination with other remission induction therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in efficacy by the timing of the addition of GMA with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and anti‐cytokine therapy for active UC.

Methods

The study included 59 patients. Patients who started GMA of 5–11 days were in the early GMA combination group. Patients who started GMA 12 days or more were in the late GMA combination group. The primary endpoint was difference in the effect of additional GMA according to the timing of the intervention. The secondary endpoint was difference in the time to remission induction between the two groups.

Results

Of the 32 early GMA group patients, 24 achieved remission induction. Of the 27 late group patients, 18 achieved remission induction. No significant difference in induction rates was found (P = 0.481). The early group had shorter mean time to remission induction (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In conclusion, results suggest that early addition of GMA might lead to earlier remission in patients who have had an inadequate response to remission induction therapy with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and anti‐cytokine therapy.
A novel and convenient method for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazole‐5‐thiones
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Soleymanie Saman , Sabzalipour Ali , Kazemi Foad , Fukaya Haruhiko
Published: July 2024

A novel and convenient method for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazole‐5‐thiones with carbon disulfide as effective C=S source has been developed in a super basic condition. The presented method has a broad substrate scope, and various corresponding 1,2,4‐oxadiazole‐5‐thiones have been obtained in good to excellent yields. This method allows to the gram‐scale synthesis of products. Under similar conditions, synthesis of diazole thione benzothioamide derivative from p‐cyanobenzamidoxime with CS2 has been successfully achieved.
Impact of the East Asian subtropical jet on summer precipitation in China and its response to Atlantic sea surface temperature
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Wang Lijuan , Zeng Mingjian , Wu Haiying
Published: July 2024

ERA5 reanalysis data, precipitation data from China, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) monthly sea surface temperature (SST) data are used to analyse the impact of the meridional position of the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) on summer precipitation in China and its correlation with Atlantic SST. The results indicate that when the EASJ significantly shifts northward, the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) weakens with an eastward displacement. Upper‐level convergence and moisture divergence, corresponding to descending motion, lead to decreased precipitation in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV). Meanwhile, upper‐level divergence occurs over South China (SC), the Hexi Corridor (HC), and Northeast China (NEC), where moisture converges and ascends, favouring an increase in precipitation. Conversely, when the EASJ undergoes a significant southward shift, the WNPSH strengthens and expands westward. Opposing atmospheric circulation patterns in these four regions result in reversed precipitation anomalies compared with those observed when the jet shifts northward. The meridional position of the EASJ is closely related to the summer subtropical Atlantic SST. The positive (negative) SST anomaly (SSTA) over the subtropical Atlantic induces negative (positive) geopotential height anomaly in the upper troposphere over the North Atlantic by modulating the atmospheric meridional circulation. Geopotential height anomalies trigger eastward‐propagating Rossby waves, generating anomalous cyclones and anticyclones over East Asia. These anomalous cyclones and anticyclones lead to zonal wind anomalies, which alter the strength of the westerlies on both sides of the climatological jet axis, thereby changing the jet's meridional position. Additionally, the difference in the propagation direction of wave activity flux between positive and negative SSTA alters the distribution of wave energy convergence and divergence in the EASJ region, further affecting the intensity of the average westerly winds on both sides of the climatological jet axis, ultimately producing the changes in the meridional position of the EASJ.
Long‐term implications of a multidisciplinary tube‐weaning program: Parental perspectives
Authors: Blinder Judith N. , Dror Tal , Weiss Patrice L. , Beeri Maurit
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Children who are unable to eat and drink orally require temporary or permanent enteral nutritional support via tube feeding. The objective was to describe a weaning program held at a children's rehabilitation hospital and to review the long‐term outcomes of the transition from tube nutrition to oral feeding.

Methods

The parents of 82 children who took part in the ALYN intervention program from 2011 to 2022 were requested to participate in a telephone survey to learn about their child's status related to eating, education, social wellbeing, and overall health. They also provided feedback concerning their experience with the tube‐weaning program and their current reliance on support for eating‐related issues.

Results

The parents of 35 (39%) children responded. Their mean ± SD age at the time of treatment were 2.1 ± 1.76, and the mean ± SD age at the time of the survey 8.85 ± 3.96 years. Their mean current zBMI is −0.7. Overall, parents were very satisfied with the child's eating (4.7 out of 5) ± 0.7, and few reported that the child's eating affected the family mealtime routine (2.1 out of 5) ± 1.3. The children's age at weaning was significantly correlated with parental reports of concern with the child's current eating ability, with younger ages at weaning associated with lower parental concern.

Conclusions

The data demonstrated that despite the complexity of the participants, most children succeed in achieving long‐term independent eating, good nutritional status, and social participation around mealtimes.
Multi‐parameter fusion driver fatigue detection method based on facial fatigue features
Authors: Du Xuejing , Yu Chengyin , Sun Tianyi
Published: July 2024

Fatigued driving is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. In order to improve the detection speed of fatigue driving recognition, this paper proposes a driver fatigue detection method based on multi‐parameter fusion of facial features. It uses a cascaded Adaboost object classifier to detect faces in video streams. The DliB library is employed for facial key point detection, which locates the driver's eyes and mouth to determine their states. The eye aspect ratio (EAR) is calculated to detect eye closure, and the mouth aspect ratio (MAR) is calculated to detect yawning frequency and count. The detected percentage of eye closure (PERCLOS) value is combined with yawning frequency and count, and a multi‐feature fusion approach is used for fatigue detection. Experimental results show that the accuracy of blink detection is 91% and the accuracy of yawn detection is 96.43%. Furthermore, compared to the models mentioned in the comparative experiments, this model achieves two to four times faster detection times while maintaining accuracy.
Rapidly Self‐Healable and Melt‐Extrudable Polyethylene Reprocessable Network Enabled with Dialkylamino Disulfide Dynamic Chemistry
Authors: Chen Boran , Debsharma Tapas , Fenimore Logan M. , Wang Tong , Chen Yixuan , Purwanto Nathan S. , Torkelson John M.
Published: July 2024

Catalyst‐free, radical‐based reactive processing is used to transform low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) into polyethylene covalent adaptable networks (PE CANs) using a dialkylamino disulfide crosslinker, BiTEMPS methacrylate (BTMA). Two versions of BTMA are used, BTMA‐S2, with nearly exclusively disulfide bridges, and BTMA‐Sn, with a mixture of oligosulfide bridges, to produce S2 PE CAN and Sn PE CAN, respectively. The two PE CANs exhibit identical crosslink densities, but the S2 PE CAN manifests faster stress relaxation, with average relaxation times ∼4.5 times shorter than those of Sn PE CAN over a 130 to 160 °C temperature range. The more rapid dynamics of the S2 PE CAN translate into a shorter compression‐molding reprocessing time at 160 °C of only 5 min (vs 30 min for the Sn PE CAN) to achieve full recovery of crosslink density. Both PE CANs are melt‐extrudable and exhibit full recovery within experimental uncertainty of crosslink density after extrusion. Both PE CANs are self‐healable, with a crack fully repaired and the original tensile properties restored after 30 min for the S2 PE CAN or 60 min for the Sn PE CAN at a temperature slightly above the LDPE melting point and without the assistance of external forces.
Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Research on Lactoferrin from 1978 to 2024
Authors: Gu Hong , Wang Yiming , Wang Yating , Ding Liyi , Huan Wenru , Yang Yuting , Fang Fang , Cui Weiwei
Published: July 2024

Scope

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron‐bound protein with a molecular weight of about 80 kDa. LF has many biological functions such as antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anticancer. The purpose of this study is to explore the research trend of LF through bibliometric analysis.

Methods and results

The search is conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database, and then the publications information of LF related literature is exported. Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer software, countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and so on are analyzed. Since 1987, a total of 9382 literature have been included, and the number of papers related to LF has increased year by year. These publications come mainly from 124 countries and 725 institutions. Of the 1256 authors analyzed, Valenti Piera is the one with the most publications. The burst strength of gut microbiota, antioxidant, nanoparticles, and in vitro digestion are 21.3, 15.63, 23.03, and 13.51, respectively. They represent the frontier of research in this field and are developing rapidly.

Conclusion

This study shows that LF has important research value. The study of LF nanoparticles and the effects of LF on the gut microbiota are an emerging field that helps to explore new research directions.
Evaluation of the applicability of weak shoulder and arm sparing signs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by multiple neurologists and neurology residents: A single‐center study
Authors: Sanpei Yui , Yasuda Keita , Takahashi Yoshiko , Hanazono Akira , Sugawara Masashiro , Iijima Katsunori
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Aims

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibits selective muscle weakness. The weak shoulder and arm sparing signs, assessed by a single experienced neurologist, have been reported to be superior to previous signs in sensitivity and specificity. However, it is unknown whether the same results are observed when assessed by multiple neurologists.

Methods

Subjects were retrospectively identified from our department's inpatient database from 2014 to 2023. Medical Research Council (MRC) scores of the deltoid (Del), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles were evaluated. The weak shoulder sign was defined as positive when Del was weaker than BB and TB. The arm sparing sign was defined as positive when both Del and FDI were weaker than BB and TB. Sensitivity was analyzed in all ALS patients and in subgroups based on the region of symptom onset, presence or absence of upper motor neuron (UMN) signs, and the Japanese ALS Severity Classification.

Results

Seventy‐one patients with ALS were identified. Eight neurologists and three neurology residents evaluated each patient's MRC scores. The weak shoulder and arm sparing signs were observed in 72% and 48% of patients, respectively, with no significant difference in sensitivity across patient subgroups.

Discussion

The weak shoulder and arm sparing signs showed high and moderate sensitivity, respectively, consistent with a previous report, even when evaluated by multiple examiners. This expands the clinical utility and increases the reliability of these signs, potentially contributing to accurate ALS diagnosis when combined with other clinical features and objective assessments.
ChatGPT‐4 Consistency in Interpreting Laryngeal Clinical Images of Common Lesions and Disorders
Authors: Maniaci Antonino , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Lechien Jérôme R.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the consistency of Chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT)‐4 in the analysis of clinical pictures of common laryngological conditions.

Study Design

Prospective uncontrolled study.

Setting

Multicenter study.

Methods

Patient history and clinical videolaryngostroboscopic images were presented to ChatGPT‐4 for differential diagnoses, management, and treatment(s). ChatGPT‐4 responses were assessed by 3 blinded laryngologists with the artificial intelligence performance instrument (AIPI). The complexity of cases and the consistency between practitioners and ChatGPT‐4 for interpreting clinical images were evaluated with a 5‐point Likert Scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to measure the strength of interrater agreement.

Results

Forty patients with a mean complexity score of 2.60 ± 1.15. were included. The mean consistency score for ChatGPT‐4 image interpretation was 2.46 ± 1.42. ChatGPT‐4 perfectly analyzed the clinical images in 6 cases (15%; 5/5), while the consistency between GPT‐4 and judges was high in 5 cases (12.5%; 4/5). Judges reported an ICC of 0.965 for the consistency score (P = .001). ChatGPT‐4 erroneously documented vocal fold irregularity (mass or lesion), glottic insufficiency, and vocal cord paralysis in 21 (52.5%), 2 (0.05%), and 5 (12.5%) cases, respectively. ChatGPT‐4 and practitioners indicated 153 and 63 additional examinations, respectively (P = .001). The ChatGPT‐4 primary diagnosis was correct in 20.0% to 25.0% of cases. The clinical image consistency score was significantly associated with the AIPI score (rs = 0.830; P = .001).

Conclusion

The ChatGPT‐4 is more efficient in primary diagnosis, rather than in the image analysis, selecting the most adequate additional examinations and treatments.
Longitudinal Analysis of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Therapy Uptitration Using Cloud‐Based Usage Data
Authors: Cai Yi , Zheng Yixuan J. , Chang Jolie L.
Published: July 2024

This preliminary study investigates hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HNS) amplitude changes and usage patterns during the initial HNS uptitration period to characterize when patients achieve their therapeutic amplitude. HNS therapy amplitudes, duration, and pause times were examined across the first 4 months of implant use. Average HNS therapy amplitude increased monthly from baseline (0.7 ± 0.3 V) to the first (1.1 ± 0.3 V), second (1.4 ± 0.4 V), third (1.7 ± 0.5 V), and fourth months (1.8 ± 0.5 V) (P < .001). After 4 months, 60% had reached a therapeutic amplitude. Average therapeutic amplitude was greater for patients who did not achieve therapeutic amplitude by month 4 than for those who did (2.6 vs 1.6 V; P < .05). Body mass index, baseline apnea‐hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, and initial HNS amplitude did not differ between the 2 groups. Predictors for therapeutic amplitude and other usage patterns require further investigation.
Lymphatic Vessels in the Inner Ear of Patients With Meniere Disease: A Novel Pathological Finding
Authors: Zhang Daogong , Li Xiaofei , Lv Yafeng , Song Yongdong , Kong Ligang , Li Boqin , Zheng Jinfeng , Pérez‐Fernández Nicolas , Fan Zhaomin , Wang Haibo
Published: July 2024

Background

Meniere disease, characterized by intermittent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural pressure, is a common cause of vertigo in humans. The pathogenesis of Meniere disease remains unknown. The current study aimed to describe a novel pathological change discovered in the inner ears of patients with Meniere disease who underwent labyrinthectomy.

Methods

This retrospective case‐control study was conducted with 21 patients with MD who underwent labyrinthectomy. A total of 15 patients diagnosed with acoustic neuroma or glomus jugular tumor were review over the same period of time as control. The clinical information of the patients and the pathological features of the membrane are described.

Results

The new pathological tissue was a morbid membrane structure sealing the round window, characterized by the formation of lymphatic capillaries. Histochemical and immunofluorescent staining was positive for D2‐40, LYVE‐1, podoplanin, and PROX1, which are the classical markers of the lymphatic vessels. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the lymph capillaries lacked a typical basement membrane and that their ends were blind, composed of a single layer of endothelial cells with valval connection structures between adjacent capillary epithelial cells.

Conclusion

This is the first report of lymphatic vessels in the human inner ear, and this pathological structure is a completely new discovery. The lymphatic vessels may develop due to inflammation or decompensation of pressure in the inner ear, suggesting that the inner ear can reactively form lymphatic vessels in some inflammation and fluid flow‐dependent pathological conditions. The current findings help in improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of Meniere disease.
Effect of nanosized carbon nanotubes, Titanium Nitride and cubic Boron Nitride powders on mechanical and thermal properties of SLA 3D printed resin composites
Authors: Alshihabi Mamoun , Kayacan Mevlüt Yunus
Published: July 2024

This study explores the development of nanocomposites by incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), titanium nitride (TiN), and cubic boron nitride (c‐BN) nano powders into photo‐polymer epoxy resins for use in Stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing. Mechanical and thermal properties were systematically investigated to assess their performance. Initially, MWCNT, TiN, and c‐BN nano powders were homogeneously mixed with the resin to ensure uniformity. The resulting mixtures were then processed using SLA technology to evaluate production quality and material performance. The study revealed significant improvements in mechanical and thermal properties compared to pure resin, aligning with previous research outcomes. Specifically, the incorporation of MWCNT led to a notable enhancement in thermal conductivity, showing an increase of 24.21% as the thermal conductivity coefficient increased from 0.19 to 2.36 W/m·k. On the other hand, c‐BN significantly boosted mechanical strength, resulting in a substantial 20.45% increase as the shore D hardness went from 88.53 to 106.64. These findings highlight the promising potential of nanocomposites across various industries including electronics, aerospace, automotive, construction, medical devices, and manufacturing.

Highlights

Developed nanocomposites with MWCNT, TiN, and c‐BN in SLA resin.

c‐BN increased hardness by 20.45%, proving its effectiveness in composites.

MWCNT enhanced thermal conductivity by 24.21%, boosting material performance.

Pioneering use of TiN and c‐BN in SLA, addressing gaps in existing research.

Applications span electronics, aerospace, automotive and medical devices.
Tailoring molecular structure and electromechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer for enhanced energy conversion efficiency
Authors: Prabhakar Om Prakash , Sahu Raj Kumar
Published: July 2024

The molecular structure of dielectric elastomers dictates their mechanical, electrical, and properties to react under external stimuli, influencing their suitability for applications such as actuators, sensors, and energy harvesting devices. The molecular structure of polymers can be tailored by incorporating plasticizers and particulate fillers to achieve multifunctional properties. However, achieving a balance between flexibility and maintaining mechanical strength due to incorporation of fillers induced phase separation and compromised intermolecular interactions remains challenging. In the present work, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites are synthesized using plasticizer and particulate fillers, polyethylene glycol (H‐(OCH2CH2)nOH) and titanium diboride (TiB2) respectively in various concentrations using shear mixing and doctor blade casting technique. Molecular structure of synthesized PDMS composite is confirmed by observing peaks of Raman spectra sift, which exhibits robust CO bonds dominating for both fillers. Chain entanglement due to filler incorporation significantly affects the crosslink density of PDMS composite, it increases with the concentration of plasticizer and possesses inverse relation for particulate. Furthermore, interdependence of the filler types and concentration are found on the mechanical as well as electrical properties. The specific deformation energy exhibits a significant increase of 118.9% when comparing particulate to the plasticizer at concentration of 8 wt.%. Although plasticizer increases the actuation strain and energy conversion efficiency but decreases the electrical breakdown voltage in comparison to particulate. By systematically varying fillers concentration, subtle changes in multifunctional properties are achieved. Overall, this investigation provides a framework for tailoring dielectric elastomer composites with desired electromechanical characteristics through the amalgamation of filler types and crosslinking densities, all intricately tied to the molecular architecture for electromechanical sensors.

Highlights

Filler incorporation changes DE molecular structure and materials properties.

Formation of additional bonds and micro‐capacitors in DE enhances capacitance.

Actuation strain in DE depends on filler type and concentration.

Energy conversion efficiency varies with the concentration of filler.
Preparation of short carbon fiber reinforced photosensitive resin and composite material properties study
Authors: Zhou Wenwen , Chen Jin , Guo Zhifeng , Xie Jiaqiang , Wang Jiani
Published: July 2024

Light‐curing rapid prototyping (SLA) has become an emerging technology in the manufacturing industry because of its high precision, rapid prototyping, and the ability to mold complex parts. To enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of its raw material photosensitive resin (PR), carbon fiber (CF) was surface modified by chemical oxidation and grafting of amino silane (KH550) to obtain KH550‐modified carbon fiber (ACF). Then, ACF was composited with photosensitive resin to obtain modified carbon fiber/photosensitive resin (ACF/PR) composites. The viscosities of ACF/PR composites, including the viscosity, curing shrinkage, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the ACF/PR composites, were characterized. The results showed that KH550 was successfully grafted onto CF. When the addition of ACF in the composites was 0.6%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of ACF/PR reached 39.48 MPa, 20.32%, and 13.62 kJ/m2, which were 120%, 27.15%, and 154% higher than that of the pure resin; the thermal decomposition temperatures and the maximum thermal decomposition temperatures at 50% mass loss of ACF/PR increased to 457.66°C and 442.44°C at 50% mass loss, which is 3.95% and 3.63% higher than that of the pure resin. Currently, the composites have excellent strength, toughness, and thermal stability. This paper gives a cost‐efficient method for improving the functioning of PR.

Highlights

Mixed acid oxidation and amino silane modification of CFs.

Preparation of modified CF/photosensitive resin composites.

Composites with excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability.
Use of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles in Sentinel Node Biopsy—Evaluation of Its Effects on Breast MRI, Full‐Field Digital Mammography, and Contrast‐Enhanced Mammography
Authors: van Haaren Elisabeth R. M. , Ornelis Vincent , Vissers Yvonne L. J. , Lobbes Marc B. I. , Eersels Kasper , Bouwman Lee H.
Published: July 2024

Upon surgical removal of solid tumors in patients with breast cancer, the sentinel lymph nodes are mostly concomitantly removed as this is the first site to which tumor cells metastasize. To identify the sentinel lymph nodes, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles can be employed, a method that has several advantages over the classical tracer with radioisotopes. However, one downside of SPIO particles is the formation of artifacts on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast. In a previous study, we investigated if lowering the dose of these particles from 2 to 1 mL would prevent the occurrence of these artifacts. In a study of 14 patients, radiologists do not observe any artifacts on the full‐field digital mammography and contrast‐enhanced mammography images, contrary to breast MRI images, in which case artifacts are observed on all images. Hence, lowering the dose from 2 to 1 mL SPIO particles did not change the outcome of the breast MRI images. In this article, based on these results, we discuss the origins of these artifacts from a mathematical and physical point of view.