bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement in the Magnetic Properties of Yttrium Orthoferrite Materials by the Addition of BaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 Glass Sintering Aid
Authors: Mohammed Sadik Ahmed , Dachuru Rama Sekhara Reddy
Published: November 2023

The addition of powdered BaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (BBBO) glass (0.25–1.5 wt%) to yttrium orthoferrite materials (YFeO3) powder facilitates an increased crystallite size, resulting in improved magnetic properties. The required YFeO3 (YFO) materials are synthesized through the sol–gel route using tartaric acid as a chelating agent, while BBBO glass is obtained via the conventional melt‐quenching technique. The crushed glass is added to YFO powders in different wt% and compacted at room temperature, subsequently; the compacted samples are sintered at 1000 °C for 3 h. The X‐ray powder diffraction studies infer that a maximum 1.0 wt% of BBBO glass is incorporated into YFO without showing any impurity phase. The optical bandgap of each sample is calculated using the UV data with the help of the Kubelka–Munk and Tauc relation, decreasing from 2.10 to 2.04 eV with an increase of BBBO content from 0 to 1.0 wt% in YFO. The highest magnetization value (4.02 emu g−1) is observed with 1.0 wt% BBBO added in YFO surpassing pure YFO and other BBBO‐added YFO samples. In conclusion, the improved magnetization value of the 1.0 wt% BBBO added in the YFO sample can be potentially utilized in different applications.
Electronic, Mechanical, and Infrared Properties of BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) Monolayers
Authors: Lv Zhen-Long , Lv Shi-Jie , Wang Xiao-Fei , Cui Hong-Ling
Published: November 2023

BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers are photocatalytic materials having many potential applications, but their basic properties are still not systematically studied. Herein, first‐principles calculations are performed to study their electronic, mechanical, and infrared properties. Band structures calculated by the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) functional with and without spin orbital coupling uncover that they are indirect bandgap materials. Partial densities of states of these materials are computed and compared to reveal the reason for the differences among their band structures. Studies imply that the BiO bonds are chiefly covalent while the interaction between the Bi and the X atoms is mainly ionic. Elastic constants and ideal in‐plane stresses of these materials are computed to explore their mechanical properties. Performed factor group analyses indicate that there are nine Raman‐active and six infrared‐active modes in their Brillouin zone centers. Their infrared spectra are simulated and the reason for the disappearance of some infrared peaks is given. Comparisons on the above properties are also made for these BiOX monolayers.
Moment‐based outcrossing rate method for time‐dependent reliability assessment including finite element analysis
Authors: Li Xiang‐Wei , Zhang Xuan‐Yi , Zhao Yan‐Gang
Published: November 2023

In practice, structural limit state function (LSF) is often combined with finite element (FE) models, and the corresponding time‐dependent reliability assessment (TRA) inevitably involves dealing with computational inefficiency. In this paper, a general moment‐based outcrossing rate (GMO) method is proposed to conduct TRA efficiently, with no limitation in the form of LSF. There are two innovations of GMO method: firstly, an explicit moment‐based outcrossing rate is developed; secondly, a separate algorithm is proposed that facilitates the separation of FE analysis from TRA cycle. The proposed method minimizes the computational cost associated with FE analysis and enables TRA cycle to be conducted more efficiently with the assistance of an explicit moment‐based outcrossing rate and explicit moment‐based outcrossing rate. Three numerical examples are investigated to examine the accuracy and efficiency of GMO method for TRA cycle. GMO method is found from the results that it can efficient and accurate to conduct TRA. Such improvements in computational efficiency are particularly valuable for complex structures where FE analysis is computationally expensive and time‐consuming.
Toward atomistic models of intact severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 via Martini coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Dali , Li Jiaxuan , Wang Lei , Cao Yipeng , Kang Bo , Meng Xiangfei , Li Sai , Song Chen
Published: November 2023

The causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is an enveloped virus assembled by a lipid envelope and multiple structural proteins. In this study, by integrating experimental data, structural modeling, as well as coarse‐grained and all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, we constructed multiscale models of SARS‐CoV‐2. Our 500‐ns coarse‐grained simulation of the intact virion allowed us to investigate the dynamic behavior of the membrane‐embedded proteins and the surrounding lipid molecules in situ. Our results indicated that the membrane‐embedded proteins are highly dynamic, and certain types of lipids exhibit various binding preferences to specific sites of the membrane‐embedded proteins. The equilibrated virion model was transformed into atomic resolution, which provided a 3D structure for scientific demonstration and can serve as a framework for future exascale all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A short all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation of 255 ps was conducted as a preliminary test for large‐scale simulations of this complex system.
Doping control approach: Identification of equine in vitro metabolites of voxelotor (GBT440), a hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor
Authors: Subhahar Michael Benedict , Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Philip Moses , Muhammed Ajeebsanu Meleparappil , Karatt Tajudheen K. , Perwad Zubair
Published: November 2023

Rationale

Sickle cell disease, a debilitating genetic disorder affecting numerous newborns globally, has historically received limited attention in pharmaceutical research. However, recent years have witnessed a notable shift, with the Food and Drug Administration approving three innovative disease‐modifying medications. Voxelotor, also known as GBT440, is a promising compound that effectively prevents sickling, providing a safe approach to alleviate chronic hemolytic anemia in sickle cell disease. It is a novel, orally bioavailable small molecule that inhibits hemoglobin S polymerization by enhancing oxygen affinity to hemoglobin. The investigation demonstrated that voxelotor led to an unintended elevation of hemoglobin levels in healthy individuals by increasing serum erythropoietin levels.

Methods

Voxelotor and its metabolites in an in vitro setting utilizing equine liver microsomes were discussed. Plausible structures of the identified metabolites were inferred through the application of liquid chromatography in conjunction with high‐resolution mass spectrometry.

Results

Under the experimental conditions, a total of 31 metabolites were detected, including 16 phase I metabolites, two phase II metabolites, and 13 conjugates of phase I metabolites. The principal phase I metabolites were generated through processes such as hydroxylation, reduction, and dissociation. The presence of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of the parent drug were also observed, along with hydroxylated, reduced, and dissociated analogs.

Conclusions

The data acquired will accelerate the identification of voxelotor and related compounds, aiding in the detection of their illicit use in competitive sports. It is crucial to emphasize that the metabolites detailed in this manuscript were identified through in vitro experiments and their detection in an in vivo study may not be guaranteed.
Long‐term outcome following successful endoscopic closure of tracheo‐oesophageal fistulas with two cardiac amplatzer septal occluders in a patient with oesophageal cancer
Authors: Schreder Theresa , Borbély Yves , Christen Stefan , Wiest Reiner , Räber Lorenz , Günther Gunar
Published: November 2023

Acquired tracheo‐oesophageal fistulas (TEFs) are rare and challenging complications in the course of oesophageal cancer. While surgery is the only curative treatment option for TEFs many patients are not eligible for surgery. Endoscopic treatment approaches such as tracheal‐ and/or oesophageal‐ stenting are available, but associated with complications like the development of new fistulas and mucus retention. Off‐ label‐use of cardiac amplatzer occluder devices to close TEFs has been reported in few case‐reports with inconsistent short‐term outcomes. We report a case of successful closure of two adjacent TEFs with two partially overlapping cardiac amplatzer occluder devices. The insertion of a 12 mm and a 9 mm device was successful and without complications. The patient tolerated the cardiac amplatzer‐devices well and could resume oral food uptake after 2 months. Two years after closure, the patient remained free of symptoms suggesting complete sealing of the fistulas.
Improving visual acuity with nivolumab plus ipilimumab plus two cycles of chemotherapy following a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with choroidal metastasis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Matsuyama Takahiro , Oniwa Masashi , Tsuruzono Kentaro , Yasuda Shunsuke , Yone Mikiko , Tomioka Yuya , Uchida Akifumi , Mitsuyama Hideo , Kubota Shingo , Suetsugu Takayuki , Mizuno Keiko , Inoue Hiromasa
Published: November 2023

A 75‐year‐old woman presented at our hospital with bilateral visual impairment. Ophthalmological examination revealed multiple choroidal tumours. Chest computed tomography revealed a tumour shadow in the right lower lobe and multiple lymph node metastases in the mediastinum and pulmonary hilum. Following a detailed examination, the patient was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma (cT1cN3M1c Stage IVB) with choroid metastases. The tumour proportion score of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) was 1% and EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations were also detected. The patient was administered combination chemotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab. Primary lung and metastatic tumours, including the choroid, were reduced, and visual disturbances improved completely. Herein, we describe a rare case in which a combination of chemotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab significantly reduced vision loss due to choroidal metastasis.
Minute pulmonary meningothelial‐like nodule that was difficult to differentiate from lung adenocarcinoma due to specific computed tomography findings changes: A case report
Authors: Ohashi Takuya , Kawago Mitsumasa , Iguchi Hideto , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Sagan Kanako , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Nishimura Yoshiharu
Published: November 2023

Minute pulmonary meningothelial‐like nodules (MPMNs) are benign lesions characterized by the appearance of ground‐glass nodules (GGN) on computed tomography (CT). In the present case, an MPMN gradually developed into a substantial component during chest CT follow‐up, and the GGN gradually transformed into a part‐solid nodule. The imaging course described in this case is quite unique. Such CT images are characteristic of malignant tumours, especially, highly differentiated adenocarcinomas, which are difficult to differentiate preoperatively. Therefore, it is important to report this case.
Elementary preservice teachers' responsiveness while eliciting students' initial arguments and encouraging critique in online simulated argumentation discussions
Authors: Lottero‐Perdue Pamela S. , Masters Heidi L. , Mikeska Jamie N. , Thompson Meredith , Park Rogers Meredith , Cross Francis Dionne
Published: November 2023

Engaging children in argumentation‐focused discussions is essential to helping them collaboratively make sense of scientific phenomena. To support this effort, teachers must listen and be responsive to students' ideas to move the discussion forward with the goal of reaching consensus. Given the complexity of this ambitious science teaching practice, in lieu of traditional field experiences, online simulated teaching experiences provide opportunities for preservice teachers to practice implementing these strategies in a low‐risk, high‐support environment. Limited research has explored elementary preservice teachers' responsiveness while navigating an argumentation‐focused discussion, particularly in an online simulated teaching experience. The purpose of this study was to examine preservice teachers' responsiveness to students' ideas while eliciting students' initial constructed arguments and encouraging argument critique in two online simulated teaching experiences. Findings showed that preservice teachers' responsiveness to students' ideas was high in both online simulated teaching experiences when asking students to share evidence as well as engage in critique. However, their responsiveness varied when prompting for reasoning and was often low when eliciting students' claims. These findings provide empirical evidence that such online simulated teaching experiences can be used as productive spaces for PSTs to practice being responsive to students' ideas during argumentation‐focused discussions.
Trajectories and determinants of acute stress disorder during the COVID‐19 centralized quarantine: A latent class growth analysis
Authors: Chen Bowen , Zhang Jun , Yu Shuxin , Yu Nancy Xiaonan
Published: November 2023

COVID‐19 centralized quarantine may cause acute stress disorder (ASD). However, it is unknown how individuals present heterogeneous ASD trajectories during the COVID‐19 centralized quarantine and what factors contribute to these patterns. This study aimed to identify the ASD trajectories and their determinants during the centralized quarantine period, and the mediating effects of resilience on these associations. A longitudinal survey with three waves was conducted in a randomly selected quarantine hotel in Shenzhen, China from October to November 2020. A total of 273 participants completed online measures assessing ASD symptoms, Eysenck's personality constructs of extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism (P), and resilience on Day 1, and reported ASD symptoms on Days 7 and 14 during their 14‐day centralized quarantine periods. Latent class growth analysis identified three trajectories: constantly high symptoms (CHS, 4.76%), decreasing symptoms (DS, 11.72%), and constantly low symptoms (CLS, 83.52%). The CHS and DS subgroups both reported lower E and higher N scores, but not P, compared with the CLS subgroup. Resilience mediated the effects of three personality constructs on ASD trajectories, except for the association between N and DS membership. Our study highlights the heterogeneity in stress responses to the COVID‐19 centralized quarantine. The high‐risk subgroup with persistent ASD symptoms was characterized by lower E and higher N. The resilience process accounted for the effects of personality in shaping distinct ASD trajectories. Our findings have implications to detect the populations vulnerable to ASD and provide insights for developing timely resilience enhancement intervention programs.
Multifunctional Injectable Hydrogel Microparticles Loaded with miR‐29a Abundant BMSCs Derived Exosomes Enhanced Bone Regeneration by Regulating Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis
Authors: Pan Shaowei , Yin Zhaowei , Shi Chen , Xiu Haonan , Wu Guanfu , Heng Yongyuan , Zhu Zhangyu , Zhang Jing , Gui Jianchao , Yu Ziyi , Liang Bin
Published: November 2023

The study investigated whether both the osteogenic and angiogenic potential of Exos (Exosomes) can be enhanced by overexpression of exosomal miRNA (microRNA) and to confirm whether Exos loaded in HMPs (Hydrogel microparticles) exert long‐term effects during new bone formation. BMSCs and Exos are successfully obtained. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that HDAC4 (Histone deacetylase 4) is inhibited by miR‐29a overexpression accompanied by the upregulation of RUNX2 (Runt‐related transcription factor 2) and VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), thereby enhancing osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities. The HMP@Exo system is synthesized from HB‐PEGDA (Hyperbranched Poly Ethylene Glycol Diacrylate)‐ and SH‐HA (Sulfhydryl‐Modified Hyaluronic Acid)‐containing Exos using a microfluidic technique. The HMP surface is modified with RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) peptides to enhance cell adhesion. The system demonstrated good injectability, remarkable compatibility, outstanding cell adhesion properties, and slow degradation capacity, and the sustained release of Agomir‐29a‐Exos (Exosomes derived from Agomir‐29a transfected BMSCs) from HMPs enhanced the proliferation and migration of BMSCs and HUVECs (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) while promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the HMP@Exo system can effectively maintain the activity and half‐life of Exos, accompanied by overexpression of miR‐29a (microRNA‐29a). The injectable system provides an innovative approach for accelerating fracture healing by coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
Self‐Healing Porous Microneedles Fabricated Via Cryogenic Micromoulding and Phase Separation for Efficient Loading and Sustained Delivery of Diverse Therapeutics
Authors: Ling Zhixin , Zheng Yanting , Li Zhiming , Zhao Puxuan , Chang Hao
Published: November 2023

Sustained‐release drug delivery formulations are preferable for treating various diseases as they enhance and prolong efficacy, minimize adverse effects, and avoid frequent dosing. However, these formulations are associated with poor patient compliance, require trained personnel for administration, and involve harsh manufacturing conditions that compromise drug stability. Here, a self‐healing biodegradable porous microneedle (PMN) patch is reported for sustained drug delivery. The PMN patch is fabricated by a cryogenic micromoulding followed by phase separation, leading to formation of interconnected pores on the surface and internals of MNs. The pores with self‐healing feature enable the PMNs to load hydrophilic drugs with different molecular weights in a mild and efficient manner. The healed PMNs can easily penetrate into the skin under press and detach from the supporting substrate under shear, thereby acting as implantable drug reservoirs for achieving sustained release of drugs for at least 40 days. One‐time administration of desired therapeutics using the sustained‐release healed PMNs resulted in stronger and longer‐lasting efficacy in mitigating psoriasis and eliciting immunity compared to conventional methods with multiple administrations. The self‐healing PMN patch for self‐administrated and long‐acting drug delivery can eventually improve medication adherence in prophylactic and therapeutic protocols that typically require frequent dosages.
How Climate and Data Quality Impact Photovoltaic Performance Loss Rate Estimations
Authors: Theristis Marios , Anderson Kevin , Ascencio-Vasquez Julian , Stein Joshua S.
Published: November 2023

Different data pipelines and statistical methods are applied to photovoltaic (PV) performance datasets to quantify the performance loss rate (PLR). Since the real values of PLR are unknown, a variety of unvalidated values are reported. As such, the PV industry commonly assumes PLR based on statistically extracted ranges from the literature. However, the accuracy and uncertainty of PLR depend on several parameters including seasonality, local climatic conditions, and the response of a particular PV technology. In addition, the specific data pipeline and statistical method used affect the accuracy and uncertainty. To provide insights, a framework of (≈200 million) synthetic simulations of PV performance datasets using data from different climates is developed. Time series with known PLR and data quality are synthesized, and large parametric studies are conducted to examine the accuracy and uncertainty of different statistical approaches over the contiguous US, with an emphasis on the publicly available and “standardized” library, RdTools. In the results, it is confirmed that PLRs from RdTools are unbiased on average, but the accuracy and uncertainty of individual PLR estimates vary with climate zone, data quality, PV technology, and choice of analysis workflow. Best practices and improvement recommendations based on the findings of this study are provided.
CloudSim express: A novel framework for rapid low code simulation of cloud computing environments
Authors: Hewage Tharindu B. , Ilager Shashikant , Rodriguez Maria A. , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: November 2023

Cloud computing environment simulators enable cost‐effective experimentation of novel infrastructure designs and management approaches by avoiding significant costs incurred from repetitive deployments in real Cloud platforms. However, widely used Cloud environment simulators compromise on usability due to complexities in design and configuration, along with the added overhead of programming language expertise. Existing approaches attempting to reduce this overhead, such as script‐based simulators and graphical user interface (GUI) based simulators, often compromise on the extensibility of the simulator. Simulator extensibility allows for customization at a fine‐grained level, thus reducing it significantly affects flexibility in creating simulations. To address these challenges, we propose an architectural framework to enable human‐readable script‐based simulations in existing Cloud environment simulators while minimizing the impact on simulator extensibility. We implement the proposed framework for the widely used Cloud environment simulator, the CloudSim toolkit, and compare it against state‐of‐the‐art baselines using a practical use case. The resulting framework, called CloudSim Express, achieves extensible simulations while surpassing baselines with over a % reduction in code complexity and an 89.42% reduction in lines of code.
Detection of attacks on software defined networks using machine learning techniques and imbalanced data handling methods
Authors: Hassan Heba A. , Hemdan Ezz El‐Din , El‐Shafai Walid , Shokair Mona , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: November 2023

Software‐defined networks (SDNs) have gained popularity in recent years as a solution for the fundamental issues that affect traditional dispersed networks. The primary advantage of SDNs is the decoupling of the control plane from the data plane, which increases the flexibility of the network. The SDN represents a network architecture of the next generation, however, its configuration options are centralized, leaving it open for cyber‐attacks. This paper concentrates on the early identification of attacks in an SDN environment. When malicious traffic is affecting in an SDN topology, an artificial intelligence (AI) module in the topology is used to detect the attack and stop the attack source using machine learning (ML) techniques. The architecture presented in this research allows for the comparison of several ML classification techniques that are used to identify different sorts of network attacks. For attack detection, eight ML techniques are used, namely logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Naïve Bayes (NB), k‐nearest neighbor (KNN), classification and regression tree (CART), AdaBoost (AB), random forest (RF), and support‐vector machine (SVM) classifiers. These techniques are tested on the InSDN dataset, which is a novel attack‐specific SDN dataset. The results show that the highest accuracy of 98.6% is achieved with the LDA classifier. Further improvement in the accuracy of classification models is observed when random over‐sampling, synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), random under‐sampling, and under‐sampling with Tomek links and near‐miss concept are applied to address the class imbalance problem. After applying these methods, the LDA classifier showed an accuracy of 98.79%.
Thermal‐Induced Structure Evolution at the Interface between Cathode and Solid‐State Electrolyte
Authors: Lei Xincheng , Wang Jiayi , Su Yi , Guo Shengnan , Li Ge , Ji Pengxiang , Wang Xuefeng , Gu Lin , Ge Chen , Zhang Yuegang , Su Dong
Published: November 2023

The interfaces between the electrode and solid‐state electrolyte play a decisive role in the performance of all‐solid‐state batteries. For example, the formation of the interphase between cathode and solid‐state electrolyte can affect interfacial impedance and thus the rate capability. Herein, the thermal stability at the solid–solid interface between LiMn2O4 cathode and garnet electrolyte LLZTO via combined in situ techniques is studied, including in situ X‐Ray diffraction, in situ transmission electron microscopy, and in situ Raman. The dynamic process of interfacial reaction at different scales is elucidated. Starting from 300 °C, Mn ions from LiMn2O4 would migrate into the solid‐state electrolyte, accompanied with the formation of LiMn3O4 interphase. As the temperature increases to 500 °C, the LiMn3O4 interphase transforms to MnO structure which hinders Li‐ion transportation and therefore increases the interfacial impedance. Although both LiMn2O4 and LLZTO could withstand continuous heating, their interface is inherently thermally unstable at relatively low temperature, which requires special attention during thermal treatment for practical fabrication. Findings provide mechanistic insights into the interfacial reaction which serves as a guidance for the design and manufacturing of all‐solid‐state batteries.
Exploring the predictiveness of curiosity and interest in science learning in and after class
Authors: Kang Jihoon , Kim Jina
Published: November 2023

Science learning takes place not only in the context of science class but also after class. Students' internal forms of motivation, such as curiosity and interest, affect the entire science learning process in both in‐class and after‐class contexts. In addition, both stable existing learner characteristics, such as science curiosity and interest in a specific natural phenomenon (phenomenon interest), and temporary emotional states, such as state curiosity, are considered essential factors in improving learning. Given the importance of understanding how learners' two aspects of motivational variables influence their science learning in different learning contexts, this study aimed to examine the extent to which existing learner characteristics, such as science curiosity and phenomenon interest, and temporary emotional states, such as state curiosity, predict science learning both during and following class and how these variables are related to exploration after class. To achieve this goal, an explanatory sequential mixed‐method approach was employed, based on a correlational design, with a total of 706 cases from fifth‐grade and sixth‐grade students (45.5% female). In the context of science class, relatively stable existing learner characteristics, such as science curiosity and phenomenon interest, and temporary emotional states, such as state curiosity, were positively associated with learning, and temporary states were more predictive of learning than existing characteristics. In addition, state curiosity was directly related to learning, whereas science curiosity and phenomenon interest were only indirectly related to learning, mediated by state curiosity. In the context of the after‐class, however, only phenomenon interest significantly predicted spontaneous follow‐up learning and was positively associated with students' continued learning. An interpretation of these results was discussed, as well as their implications for science education and future research. Our findings will enable more fine‐grained analyses regarding how curiosity and interest can predict learning in science.
“So, what English do I speak, really?”: A transnational‐translingual‐and‐transracial pracademic inquires into her raciolinguistic entanglements and transraciolinguistic transgressions
Authors: Jain Rashi
Published: November 2023

Identities are fluid, dynamic, and contextual; and identity (co)construction is a deeply contextualized process, especially when seen through postmodern and poststructural lenses. Adopting a qualitative‐researcher‐as‐bricoleuse stance, the author presents an overarching autoethnographic narrative where she specifically analyzes three critical, nonsimplistic, and layered incidents of linguistic racializations, or raciolinguistic entanglements, that occurred across a multiyear timespan and serve to exemplify similar recurring experiences, and which collectively represent a narrative arc of conflict, crisis, and resolution. Building upon Alim's ideas around transracialization and her own prior individual and collaborative inquiries, the author proposes that agentive transnational‐translingual‐and‐transracial participants explore the liminal spaces and generative tensions created when our languages are (mis)racialized and the co‐construction of our raciolinguistic identities gets entangled across inequitable raciolinguistic landscapes. She further suggests that we do so in order to resist and contest the (mis)racialization of our languages and linguistic identities, especially when originating from postcolonial Global South contexts, as both part of our own critical transraciolinguistic transgressions and a broader transraciolinguistic reckoning currently taking place in the Global North.
A journey from univariate to multivariate functional time series: A comprehensive review
Authors: Haghbin Hossein , Maadooliat Mehdi
Published: November 2023

Functional time series (FTS) analysis has emerged as a potent framework for modeling and forecasting time‐dependent data with functional attributes. In this comprehensive review, we navigate through the intricate landscape of FTS methodologies, meticulously surveying the core principles of univariate FTS and delving into the nuances of multivariate FTS. The journey commences with an exploration of the foundational aspects of univariate FTS analysis. We delve into representation, estimation, and modeling, spotlighting the effectiveness of various parametric and nonparametric models at our disposal. The stage then transitions to multivariate FTS analysis, where we confront the intricacies posed by high‐dimensional data. We explore strategies for dimensionality reduction, forecasting, and the integration of diverse parametric and nonparametric models within the multivariate realm. We also highlight commonly used R packages for modeling and forecasting FTS and multivariate FTS. Acknowledging the dynamic evolution of the field, we dissect challenges and chart future directions, paving a course for refinement and innovation. Through a fusion of multivariate statistics, functional analysis, and time series forecasting, this review underscores the interdisciplinary essence of FTS analysis. It not only reveals past accomplishments, but also illuminates the potential of FTS in unraveling insights and facilitating well‐informed decisions across diverse domains.

This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
High‐yield access to long‐sought 1,8‐bis[pinacolato(boryl)]naphthalene
Authors: Scholz Alexander Stefan , Virovets Alexander , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias
Published: November 2023

Despite their apparent simplicity and numerous potential applications, 1,8‐bis(boronic ester) derivatives of naphthalene, 1,8‐C10H6[B(OR)2]2, have remained elusive until today. We now disclose a facile access route to this compound class via alkoholysis of the 1,8‐naphthalenediyl‐bridged diborane(6) 1. In the cases of monotopic MeOH or EtOH, the target compounds 1,8‐C10H6[B(OR)2]2 (R=Me (2), Et (4)) are contaminated with about 10 % of the corresponding mixed boronic ester/anhydride. By using ditopic pinacol (pin) or 1,8‐naphthalenediol (ndl), the formation of the undesired side products is suppressed and 1,8‐C10H6(Bpin)2 (6) can be isolated in 80 % yield (due to solubility issues, the yield of 1,8‐C10H6(Bndl)2 (7) is lower and less reproducible). The bis(boronic ester)s 2, 4, 6, and 7 have been structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction. 6 has a sterically encumbered, remarkably distorted molecular framework with a torsion angle B−C(ipso)−C’(ipso)−B’ of 38.63(9)°.
Practices of Care with the Anthropocene: Scenes from the 2019 Nebraska Flood
Authors: Nordstrom Susan Naomi
Published: November 2023

This chapter, written not too long after the March 2019 US Midwestern floods, responds to those floods and the connective practices of care they created. Inspired by Gough’s (Shaking the treed, making a rhizome: Towards a nomadic geophilosophy of science education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 38(5), 625–645, 2006) call for more literary and artistic modes of representation in science education, this chapter offers an affect-rich account of the flood and learning to live in the Anthropocene. Drawing on a trip to the area in July 2019, newspaper articles, social media, and discussions with family and friends, this account follows the watery we’s—the connections between humans, nonhumans, and so much more—that the flood collected and the affective practices of care that the flood continues to generate. To do this work, I first situate the 2019 Midwestern flood, with a focus on Eastern Nebraska. Then, I share how I put Puig de la Bellacasa’s (Matters of care: Speculative ethics in more than human worlds. University of Minnesota Press, 2017) conception of care to work by examining moments that created different affect-rich currents in practices of care. This responsive work, told in more artistic modes of representation, aims to create resonating moments for careful thoughts about learning to live in the Anthropocene.
Fluid Accumulation and Deresuscitation
Authors: Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Wilkinson Jonny , Malbrain Luca , Nasa Prashant , Wong Adrian
Published: November 2023

Overzealous fluid administration and capillary leaks may lead to overhydration or tissue edema. The deleterious effects of tissue edema involve disruption of tissue and endothelial glycocalyx, impeding capillary and lymphatic drainage, and causing cellular hypoxia and organ dysfunction. Evidence suggests that a progressive, cumulative positive fluid balance in patients with sepsis is an independent risk factor for organ failure and death. A combination of clinical, laboratory tests (such as hematocrit, brain natriuretic peptide, and serum electrolytes), radiological (point-of-care ultrasound or imaging) and advanced hemodynamic monitor may be used to diagnose and monitor overhydration. Various strategies to avoid and correct overhydration include fluid restriction and deresuscitation. Recent evidence supports the feasibility and safety of fluid restriction after initial resuscitation. Deresuscitation is defined as the active removal of excessive fluid using pharmacological or non-pharmacological measures and was coined during the 2011 International Fluid Academy meeting. A combination of diuretics, ultrafiltration, and fluid restriction, can be used for deresuscitation along with adequate monitoring to prevent hypoperfusion.
A Logical Prescription of Intravenous Fluids
Authors: Wilkinson Jonny , Yates Lisa , Nasa Prashant , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Miller Ashley
Published: November 2023

This chapter guides clinicians through the assessment and management of patients requiring intravenous (IV) fluids during hospitalization in the regular ward and ICU. It aims to aid in the determination of the patient’s actual fluid or volume status and guides the prescription and management of electrolyte replacement whilst avoiding potential harm to patients from fluid mismanagement leading to electrolyte disturbances, fluid accumulation, and organ impairment (or a combination). This is referred to as IV Fluid Stewardship, and it incorporates much of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance published.
The Place of Crystalloids
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Chawla Aayush
Published: November 2023

Crystalloids are commonly used in medicine as solutions containing electrolytes dissolved in water, with or without glucose. They can be used as maintenance, replacement, or resuscitation fluids, but should be administered with caution. This chapter provides an overview of basic definitions, terminology, and concepts regarding crystalloids, including their categorization by tonicity, their balanced or unbalanced nature, and the importance of strong ion difference (SID). Improper administration of crystalloids can lead to morbidity, particularly hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (HMA) and fluid overload. Moreover, saline with a SID of zero can cause a positive sodium balance and subsequent fluid accumulation, which can lead to renal dysfunction and the need for vasopressors and renal replacement therapy. Recent systematic reviews and post-hoc analyses of six major fluid trials have shown that balanced solutions (not containing glucose) reduce mortality by 1%, making them a good first choice for resuscitation in patients with sepsis and septic shock, burns, or diabetic ketoacidosis. Traumatic brain injury and gastrointestinal losses may be the only indications left for (ab)normal saline. The pediatric community still favors isotonic solutions for maintenance, although a growing body of evidence supports hypotonic crystalloids as a better choice. Hypertonic crystalloids have been described for small volume resuscitation in specific patient populations, such as post cardiac arrest, but their sodium burden may outweigh the temporarily beneficial hemodynamic effects. In case of excessive losses, fluids should be substituted or replaced by those that mimic the fluids that are lost, such as blood. Prescribing crystalloid solutions should be done with care. Fluid overload or accumulation and HMA should be avoided, as it can induce extra morbidity and mortality. Choosing the right fluid, indication, dose, and duration is crucial for preventing morbidity and mortality: it is all about giving the right dose of the right fluid at the right time for the right patient!
Using Causal Threads to Explain Changes in a Dynamic System
Authors: Allen Robert B.
Published: November 2023

We explore developing rich semantic models of systems. Specifically we consider structured causal explanations about state changes in those systems. Essentially, we are developing process-based dynamic knowledge graphs. As an example, we construct a model of the causal threads for geological changes proposed by the Snowball Earth theory. Further, we describe an early prototype of a graphical interface to present the explanations. Unlike statistical approaches to summarization and explanation such as Large Language Models (LLMs), our approach of direct representation can be inspected and verified directly.
Scale invariant Einstein-Cartan gravity and flat space conformal symmetry
Authors: Karananas Georgios K. , Shaposhnikov Mikhail , Zell Sebastian
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We find the conditions under which scale-invariant Einstein-Cartan gravity with scalar matter fields leads to an approximate conformal invariance of the flat space particle theory up to energies of the order of the Planck mass. In the minimal setup, these models, in addition to the fields of the Standard Model and the graviton, contain only one extra particle — a massless dilaton. Theories of this type can pave the way for a self-completion all the way up the Planck scale and lead to rather universal inflationary predictions, close to those of the simplest Higgs-inflation scenario in the metric theory of gravity.
Primordial non-Gaussianity as a probe of seesaw and leptogenesis
Authors: Fong Chee Sheng , Ghoshal Anish , Naskar Abhishek , Rahat Moinul Hossain , Saad Shaikh
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We present the possibility that the seesaw mechanism and nonthermal leptogenesis can be investigated via primordial non-Gaussianities in the context of a majoron curvaton model. Originating as a massless Nambu-Goldstone boson from the spontaneous breaking of the global baryon (B) minus lepton (L) number symmetry at a scale vB−L, majoron becomes massive when it couples to a new confining sector through anomaly. Acting as a curvaton, majoron produces the observed red-tilted curvature power spectrum without relying on any inflaton contribution, and its decay in the post-inflationary era gives rise to a nonthermal population of right-handed neutrinos that participate in leptogenesis. A distinctive feature of the mechanism is the generation of observable non-Gaussianity, in the parameter space where the red-tilted power spectrum and sufficient baryon asymmetry are produced. We find that the non-Gaussianity parameter fNL ≳ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(0.1) is produced for high-scale seesaw (vB−L at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1014−17) GeV) and leptogenesis (M1 ≳ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(106) GeV) where the latter represents the lightest right-handed neutrino mass. While the current bounds on local non-Gaussianity excludes some part of parameter space, the rest can be fully probed by future experiments like CMB-S4, LSST, and 21 cm tomography.
Forbidden conformal dark matter at a GeV
Authors: Ferrante Steven , Ismail Ameen , Lee Seung J. , Lee Yunha
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We introduce a model of dark matter (DM) where the DM is a composite of a spontaneously broken conformal field theory. The DM is a thermal relic with its abundance determined by the freeze-out of annihilations to dilatons, the Goldstone boson of broken conformal symmetry. If the dilaton is heavier than the DM this is an example of forbidden DM. We explore the phenomenology of this model in its 5D dual description, corresponding to a warped extra dimension with the Standard Model on the ultraviolet brane and the DM on the infrared brane. We find the model is compatible with theoretical and experimental constraints for DM masses in the 0.1–10 GeV range. The conformal phase transition is supercooled and strongly first-order. It can source large stochastic gravitational wave signals consistent with those recently observed at pulsar timing arrays like NANOGrav. The majority of the viable parameter space will be probed by future detectors designed to search for long-lived particles, including most of the region favored by the NANOGrav signal. The rest of the parameter space can be probed at future direct detection experiments.
Baryogenesis in a parity solution to the strong CP problem
Authors: Harigaya Keisuke , Wang Isaac R.
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Space-time parity can solve the strong CP problem and introduces a spontaneously broken SU(2)R gauge symmetry. We investigate the possibility of baryogenesis from a first-order SU(2)R phase transition similar to electroweak baryogenesis. We consider a model with the minimal Higgs content, for which the strong CP problem is indeed solved without introducing extra symmetry beyond parity. Although the parity symmetry seems to forbid the SU(2)R anomaly of the B − L symmetry, the structure of the fermion masses can allow for the SU(2)R sphaleron process to produce non-zero B − L asymmetry of Standard Model particles so that the wash out by the SU(2)L sphaleron process is avoided. The setup predicts a new hyper-charged fermion whose mass is correlated with the SU(2)R symmetry breaking scale and hence with the SU(2)R gauge boson mass, and depending on the origin of CP violation, with an electron electric dipole moment. In a setup where CP violation and the first-order phase transition are assisted by a singlet scalar field, the singlet can be searched for at future colliders.
Simulation and experimental validation of chaotic-billiards optimization algorithm for advanced variable speed drive
Authors: Elnaghi Basem E. , Ismaiel Ahmed M. , Mohammed Reham H.
Published: November 2023

To appropriately construct the proportional–integral control strategy for stability enhancement of the speed performance of induction motors and current waveform, this study describes a novel optimization approach for three-phase induction motor pumps speed drive. This work provides a novel chaotic-billiards optimizer (C-BO) method. These strategies were implemented in the same hardware with modifications in the control algorithm. Both simulation and experimental investigation are carried out, and a comparative analysis of the optimized parameters is presented. The system setup is prepared and simulated in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. The same system has been presented experimentally. The laboratory experiment is carried out in the Smart Systems Co laboratory using simulators of induction motors designed and manufactured by the Lucas-Nuelle company. The asynchronous motor is controlled by 3 phase variable speed drive A1000 of Yaskawa Co. The "ActiveServo" software included ensures user-friendly operation and visualization of the measurement values. Experiment has validated the speed the effectiveness of C-BO. The speed control and flux control using C-BO have a fast response even under pump load and improvement in rising time by 41.65% as compared to GA. The novel optimization model C-BO has improvement in integral square error (ISE) of the three controllers by 38.91% as compared to genetic algorithm systems. Furthermore, the difficulty of developing both systems is the same. The C-BO algorithm stands out for its uncomplicated design, low requirement for design specifications, high rate of convergence, and minimal computational strain.
HPV-associated head and neck cancer is characterized by distinct profiles of CD8+ T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Kansy Benjamin A. , Wehrs Tim P. , Bruderek Kirsten , Si Yu , Ludwig Sonja , Droege Freya , Hasskamp Pia , Henkel Uta , Dominas Nina , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Horn Peter A. , Schuler Martin , Gauler Thomas C. , Lindemann Monika , Lang Stephan , Bankfalvi Agnes , Brandau Sven
Published: November 2023

Patients with HPV−-localized head and neck cancer (HNC) show inferior outcomes after surgery and radiochemotherapy compared to HPV-associated cancers. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, but differences in immune status and immune activity may be implicated. In this study, we analyzed immune profiles of CD8+ T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in HPV+ versus HPV− disease.

The overall frequency of CD8+ T cells was reduced in HNC versus healthy donors but substantially increased after curative therapy (surgery and/or radiochemotherapy). In HPV+ patients, this increase was associated with significant induction of peripheral blood CD8+/CD45RA−/CD62L− effector memory cells. The frequency of HPV-antigen-specific CD8+ cells was low even in patients with virally associated tumors and dropped to background levels after curative therapy. Pre-therapeutic counts of circulating monocytic MDSC, but not PMN-MDSC, were increased in patients with HPV− disease. This increase was accompanied by reduced fractions of terminally differentiated CD8+ effector cells. HPV− tumors showed reduced infiltrates of CD8+ and CD45RO+ immune cells compared with HPV+ tumors. Importantly, frequencies of tumor tissue-infiltrating PMN-MDSC were increased, while percentages of Granzyme B+ and Ki-67+ CD8 T cells were reduced in patients with HPV− disease.

We report differences in frequencies and relative ratios of MDSC and effector T cells in HPV− HNC compared with more immunogenic HPV-associated disease. Our data provide new insight into the immunological profiles of these two tumor entities and may be utilized for more tailored immunotherapeutic approaches in the future.