bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Daggertooth Pike Conger Fish (Muraenesox cinerus) as Raw Material for Diversification Products Development
Authors: Laksono Untung Trimo , Nurhayati Tati , Suptijah Pipih , Nur’aenah Nani , Nugroho Teguh Setyo
Published: May 2019

Daggertooth pike conger fish (Muraenesox cinerus) has elongated body shape similar to eels and distribute widely worldwide. The fish has edible portion of 50-60% but there has been less information regarding the chemical characteristics. The aim of this research was to determine chemical composition of daggertooth pike conger fish (proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral) and textural properties from its kamaboko. Purposive sampling method applied in this research with length, freshness and distance from location as criteria. Analytical method performed including proximate, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals (P, Na, Ca, K, Mg dan Fe). Chemical composition from daggertooth pike conger fish showed that on proximate levels of protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and moisture content value were 12.273%, 4.96%, 1.17%, 1.12% and 80.49% respectively. Dominant macro minerals, namely potassium (K) 170.20 mg /100 g, Ca 90.75 mg /100 g, and Na 80.15 mg /100 g. Amino acid (AA), namely glutamic acid 2.68%, 1.57% lysine, leusine 1.25%, 1.54% aspartic acid and arginine 1:04%. Moreover, the essential fatty acids namely EPA (eicosa pentanoat acid) 0.6%, DHA (docosa hexanoat acid) 0.9%, 0.2% fatty acids linoleic, oleic and linolenic 1.4% 1.0%. CaCl2 (0.2-0.6%) addition to daggertooth pike conger kamaboko could improve textural quality.
Protein Fortification in Melarat Crackers with Protein Hidrolyzate Flour of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Meat
Authors: Junianto Junianto , Khan Alexander M.A. , Rostini Iis
Published: May 2019

Melarat crackers is typical crackers in the Priangan area, West Java that rich in carbohydrate but poor in protein. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of addition of tilapia meat protein hydrolyzate
flour which is appropriate in the manufacture of melarat crackers to produce the most preferred product, to determine the chemical composition and the level of cracking of the preferred product. The method used was an experimental study using a completely randomized design of four treatments and repeated 4 times. The four treatments were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% levels of addition of flour protein tilapia hydrolyzate from tapioca flour used. The parameters observed included the chemical composition, the level of organoleptic preferences and the cracking level of melarat crackers resulting from the various treatments. The results showed that melarat cracker with the addition of 10% tilapia protein hydrolyzate flour was the most preferred by panelists. The content of water, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates of these melarat crackers was 5.99%; 5.50%; 0.12%; 5.63%; and 82.79%. The level of cracking was 55.3%.
Characteristics of Peel Off Gel Mask From Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Porridge
Authors: Luthfiyana Novi , Nurhikma Nurhikma , Hidayat Taufik
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of E. cottonii seaweed porridge in the formulation of peel off gel masks. The main materials used in this study were E. cottonii and other basic substances of peel off gel mask. The analytical methods used were the total microbial and antioxidant test on the E. cottonii slurry preparation. Mask preparations were analyzed for physical stability, pH, duration of preparation, drying, viscosity and homogeneity. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized with four treatments by adding E.cottonii porridge 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively  with two replications.The results showed that the best peel off gel mask was formulation with the addition 20% of E.cottonii. Microbes were not found in E. cottonii porridge. The antioxidant activity of E. cottonii porridge had IC50 value of 137.35±0.35 μg / mL. Consumer acceptance of products through sensory testing in the category of likes. The peel off gel mask has good physical stability, proven by no changes in color, odor as well as  gel texture. The pH value of the preparation of peel off gel mask is  in line with  SNI and pH balance of normal human skin. The best viscosity value of peel off gel mask is 14,003 cps. The time needed for the mask to dry for an average of 25 minutes and homogeneity is characterized by the absence of secondary particle aggregation.
The Exploration Potency of Bioactive Compounds of Leaves Extract Nipah (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb) from The Coast of West Aceh as Antioxidant
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Nufus Hayatun , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Zuriat Zuriat
Published: May 2019

West Aceh Region has Nypa fruticans mangrove community distributed almost ±100 Ha. N.  fruticans  leaves have been used as traditional cigarette paper. The objective of this study was to explore bioactive compound of  N. fruticans from the coast of West Aceh as antioxidant. The extraction used 3 solvents including methanol (polar), etyl acetate (semi polar), and n-hexane (non polar). The result showed the methanol extract contained  bioactive compound content such as phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid while the etyl acetate extract comprised phenolic, tannin, and steroid. Moreover, n-hexane extract only had steroid compound. The result of antioxidant activit assay showed etyl acetate extract had IC50 value 8.81 µg/mL, methanol extract had IC50 value 9.31 µg/mL and n-hexane extract was 238.47 µg/mL with ascorbic acid as positive control. It is indicated the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and saponin in the ethyl acetate extract play the role as antioxidant.
Dinámicas de dominación y sumisión en Perra brava de Orfa Alarcón
Authors: Castellanos Gonella Carolina
Published: May 2019

Este artículo analiza la relación de sumisión y dominación consensual entre Fernanda y el narcotraficante Julio, en la novela Perra Brava (2010) de la autora mexicana Orfa Alarcón. El marco teórico se basa en los estudios de Andrea Beckmann, Staci Newmahr y Margot Weiss sobre el BDSM consensual, así como en la dialéctica del señor y el esclavo de Friedrich Nietzsche. El artículo examina cómo la relación entre Fernanda y Julio cambia cuando Julio modifica su actitud hacia Fernanda. Se propone que cuando Julio reconoce que Fernanda posee valores éticos similares a los suyo, él comienza a tratarla como su igual, es decir, como un superior. Debido a esto, la posición de inferior absoluto que Fernanda tenía se transforma. Sin embargo, aún cuando los papeles de los dos personajes se modifican, nunca se invierten. Su relación representa deseos y afectos complejos, así como historias personales que reflejan y critican dinámicas de género y poder en el mundo del tráfico de drogas en México.
Las invasiones gringas. El caso del anarquista ejemplar Marco Severi
Authors: De Aldama Ordóñez Celia
Published: May 2019

Averiguar qué tipo de representación dramática le corresponde al inmigrante italiano en la obra teatral Marco Severi de Roberto J. Payró constituye la principal incógnita a desvelar a lo largo de las siguientes páginas. A partir de un ángulo de observación centrado en el “gringo” – que se instala también como personaje teatral en una modernizada escena nacional a principios del siglo veinte– estos apuntes pretenden iluminar las correspondencias entre textualidad literaria y trama política. Sin perder de vista los discursos nacionalistas de las élites criollas, que estigmatizan al extranjero con las marcas de la enfermedad y el crimen, se indagará en el texto de Payró para especificar los rasgos con que el autor argentino perfila una imagen alternativa de estos nuevos actores sociales procedentes de las orillas europeas.
La metamorfosis literaria de Publio Ovidio Nasón en la Novela del licenciado Vidriera
Authors: Hidalgo Jose Manuel
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo analiza la base mitológica que radica en el deambular inicial de Tomás Rodaja de la Novela del licenciado Vidriera. Durante este periplo el personaje se ve a sí mismo de vidrio. Se encuentra al principio de su camino con dos situaciones que recuerdan a los mitos de la Metamorfosis de Publio Ovidio Nasón: Deucalión y Pirra, y Níobe. Ambos comparten el elemento simbólico de la piedra en contraposición a la esencia vidriada del cuerpo de Tomás Rodaja. A su vez, esta oposición de materias propone un juego léxico que desenmascara al personaje de Ovidio en el propio licenciado Vidriera.
México y lo apocalíptico en Poemas civiles de Gabriel Trujillo Muñoz
Authors: Mantero José María
Published: May 2019

Publicada en 2013, la colección de versos Poemas civiles, del escritor mexicano Gabriel Trujillo Muñoz, explora la actualidad mexicana a través de poemas que emplean imágenes y un lenguaje apocalíptico para retratar la profunda crisis nacional que está sufriendo la inmensa mayoría de sus residentes. A lo largo del poemario, se emplean imágenes apocalípticas para hacer abundantemente específica la distinción entre el México que fue, el México que es y el México que podrá ser, si no fuera por la pobreza, la violencia y la corrupción del país.
Paloma Fernández, Empresas familiares de América, Europa y Asia: una aproximación cuantitativa, Bogotá, Universidad de Los Andes, 2017, 165 pp.
Authors: Díaz Martínez Carlos Alfonso
Published: May 2019

No contiene resumen.
Para uma introdução à questão agrária brasileira no pensamento de Caio Prado Júnior
Authors: Bezerra Lucas
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do artigo consiste em realizar uma aproximação introdutória à interpretação de Caio Prado Júnior sobre a questão agrária no Brasil. Localiza-se em sua síntese sobre o “sentido da colonização” uma chave analítica dotada de criatividade e originalidade para a discussão aqui proposta. Com base nessa tese e nas formulações posteriores do historiador em torno da questão agrária, sistematiza-se sua apreensão sobre a economia agrária na constituição e no desenvolvimento da formação brasileira. A exposição contempla as posições de Caio Prado Jr. no chamado “debate agrarista” dos anos 1960, seu entendimento sobre as determinações da exploração agrícola, a natureza das relações de trabalho no campo brasileiro e, enfim, o esboço de sua proposta teórico-política para a reforma agrária. Revisitar esse intérprete clássico de nosso pensamento social crítico constitui um desafio para decifrar dilemas do tempo presente.
El falso péndulo: América Latina y el Caribe en el desorden global
Authors: Cantamutto Francisco
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo discute la coyuntura de América Latina y el Caribe, ante el sesgo liberal-conservador que se observa en varios nuevos gobiernos de la región, que revertiría el “giro a la izquierda” de los años previos. Desde una mirada de economía política, se propone comprender los cambios en la región a partir de tres elementos: a) el desorden global explícito desde el estallido de la crisis en 2008; b) las continuidades estructurales socio-económicas que condicionan los cambios políticos; y c) la complejidad de los procesos políticos que excede la representación de los gobiernos. Estos elementos cuestionan la idea de un péndulo entre gobiernos progresistas y conservadores en la región.
COMUNICAÇÃO EM SITUAÇÕES CRÍTICAS
Authors: Andrade DIÊGO Correia
Published: May 2019

Este estudo objetivou investigar a inserção do enfermeiro no processo de doação de órgãos no contexto da comunicação de uma má notícia. Método: este artigo foi resultado de uma pesquisa de campo, com investigação exploratória e descritiva através da abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Organização de Procura de Órgãos e Tecidos que pertence a Central de Transplante da Paraíba, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2018. A amostra foi composta por nove enfermeiros e os dados foram coletados através de questionário. Foi utilizado análise de conteúdo da teoria de Laurence Bardin. Resultados: A pesquisa aponta que o principal motivo que interfere na doação de órgãos e tecidos é o desconhecimento da vontade do falecido em vida, correspondendo a 40%. A antecipação dos profissionais da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na comunicação a família é outra dificuldade encontrada. A demora na conclusão do processo do diagnóstico, bem como captação dos órgãos, locais inapropriados para comunicação em situações críticas nos hospitais públicos e privados. Entretanto, a entrevista familiar é considerada conveniente, quando o entrevistador, enfermeiro, esclarece aos familiares sobre o diagnóstico da morte encefálica e a situação clínica do ente querido em local apropriado. Considerações Finais: o presente estudo possibilita um espaço para reflexão sobre a instável política de divulgação do assunto no estado da Paraíba. Faz-se necessário propagar informações com maior abrangência a população e comunidade acadêmica sobre o processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos no estado através de medidas educacionais em saúde, tendo em vista a importância do assunto no contexto atual.

Palavras-chave: Comunicação, Doação de Órgãos, Enfermeiro.
Establecimiento de cultivos bioenergéticos como fuente de energías alternativas, mediante el desarrollo de materiales de siembra en tres sitios de Costa Rica
Authors: Arnáez-Serrano Elizabeth , Moreira-González Ileana , Herrera-Murillo Franklin , Vargas-Hernández Guillermo , Araya Valverde Emanuel , Briceño-Elizondo Elemer , Sánchez-Zúñiga Katherine
Published: May 2019

En Costa Rica, como una alternativa al uso de hidrocarburos, se ha venido buscando el empleo de cultivos bionergéticos de los cuales se pueda hacer un mayor aprovechamiento de la biomasa producida y la obtención de aceite. Durante los últimos ocho años, un grupo de interdisciplinario de investigadores de las universidades estatales de Costa Rica, han venido realizando estudios sistemáticos sobre el cultivo de Jatropha curcas (Tempate) para su uso comercial como fuente de aceite para producir biodiesel y a la vez en el 2017 inició el trabajo con otras especies con potencial bioenergético en el país como higuerilla (Ricinus comunis) y coyol (Acrocomia aculeata), entre otras. La investigación que se llevó a cabo, cubre tres objetivos donde el primero tiene que ver con el establecimiento de cultivos de estas especies en diferentes zonas bioclimáticas del país, así como ensayos sistemáticos alternativos con (tempate, higuerilla y coyol), combinándolos con plantas que se utilizan para alimento humano y animal. El segundo objetivo está relacionado con ofrecer a largo plazo variedades más productivas y menos tóxicas del tempate (Jatropha curcas). Y el último objetivo tiene que ver con el proceso de transferencia de información y resultados obtenidos. La información obtenida permitirá ofrecer opciones a los agricultores que les ayude a minimizar el impacto del cambio climático en su actividad y contribuir a las metas que Costa Rica se ha propuesto para reducir la emisión de contaminantes al ambiente y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población costarricense.
Identificação do melhor período de controle de Achatina fulica em Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Eduvirgem Renan Valério , Ferreira Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação existente entre o caracol gigante africano com a temperatura média compensada, umidade relativa do ar média e a precipitação média. Confrontaram-se também os dados do caracol com os fenômenos El Niño e La Niña. Os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se na aprovação da pesquisa pelos conselhos de ética da Universidade Estadual de Maringá e da Secretária Municipal de Saúde. Na sequência, foram obtidos os dados climáticos e tratados para confecção dos climogramas. Os softwares utilizados foram o Microsoft Excel 2010®, Quantum GIS 2.18.1® e o ArcGis 10.4®. Após a confecção dos climogramas, realizou-se a análise da relação das variáveis climáticas com o caracol gigante africano. Conseguiu-se obter como resultado a identificação dos períodos que são mais favoráveis para obtenção de êxito no controle da espécie, que são nos anos que apresentam verões mais quentes e mais úmidos, eventualmente associados ao fenômeno El Niño, uma vez que se observou que esses anos são mais propícios para a reprodução e a disseminação da espécie exótica. Concluiu-se que o controle do molusco deve ser diário. Salienta-se ainda que o processo de catação manual não deve ser somente do molusco e ovos sobre o solo, mas também dos ovos que estão enterrados, para evitar a eclosão e de fato ocorrer o controle da espécie exótica.
A contribuição do Serviço Social no planejamento familiar de vasectomizados
Authors: Lobos Espinoza Rosimary De Farias , Fridrich Gilivã Antonio
Published: May 2019

Este estudo objetivou difundir a atuação do Assistente Social no Programa de Planejamento Familiar masculino, em um hospital público municipal de João Pessoa (PB), referência no método de contracepção definitiva, a vasectomia. Foram analisados prontuários de homens que se submeteram a esse procedimento. Constatou-se a importância desse programa como difusor de informações e a necessidade de sua ampliação e reestruturação. Notou-se que é necessária a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para assistir os homens, implementando estratégias para que eles sejam mais atuantes nas ações de planejamento familiar e para que haja quebra dos paradigmas que permeiam a vasectomia.
A conjuntura política atual e as formas de resistência: um estudo sobre a educação ambiental e do campo
Authors: Souza Lídia Helena Ferreira , Montes Guilherme Gaio , Vale Yuri Vieira do , Pinto Vicente Paulo Dos Santos
Published: May 2019

O artigo objetiva abordar o ambientalismo latino-americano, representado nas lutas contra-hegemônicas da educação ambiental e do campo. Após a crise econômica de 2008, os EUA voltaram suas atenções para a América Latina, interessados na exploração de recursos primários. Neste contexto, a educação ambiental e a educação do campo têm um importante papel na criação da consciência crítica dos indivíduos e de um saber ambiental. A primeira parte analisa o ambientalismo como um movimento de resistência. Depois, enfatiza-se o caráter emancipatório da educação ambiental e da educação do campo. Para finalizar, propõe-se uma educação do campo oposta ao modelo do agronegócio.
Application of Ensemble Variance Analysis in the Development of the Wheatstone Field Startup Strategy
Authors: Flett Matthew , Connell Paul
Published: May 2019

Starting initial field production is a unique opportunity to acquire reservoir–surveillance information that can impact future reservoir performance. When a field is perturbed by first production, there is the potential to reduce uncertainty in reservoir properties by monitoring the pressure changes at nonproducing wells with downhole pressure gauges and comparing the observed signal with a range of simulation–model results.

The Wheatstone Field, located offshore of Northwest Australia, recently began production startup to supply gas to the Wheatstone liquefied–natural–gas (LNG) facility. The operational guidelines required each development well to start with a single–well–cleanup flow to the Wheatstone platform. The initial single–well–cleanup flows of the Wheatstone field provided scope for selecting a well flow sequence with observation at nonproducing wells.

The recommended sequence of initial cleanup flows was designed with a focus on reducing reservoir uncertainties by means of ensemble variance analysis (EVA). EVA is a statistical correlation technique that compares the covariance between two sets of output data with the same set of inputs. For the Wheatstone Field well–cleanup flow sequence selection, the EVA workflow compared the full–field design of experiments (DoE) study of field depletion and a series of short early–production reservoir–simulation DoE studies of the gas field. The covariance between the two DoE studies was evaluated. The objective of the EVA approach was to determine the startup sequence that would allow for the best opportunity to reduce subsurface uncertainty. This objective was met by ranking multiple cleanup flow sequence scenarios. The key factors considered for sequence selection ranking were the impact on business objectives, such as future–drilling–campaign timing and location of infill wells, and insights on reservoir connectivity, gas initially in place (GIIP), and permeability.

The recommended sequence of well–cleanup flows uses a superpositioned pressure signal to boost response at observation wells, which improves measurement resolvability. The selected sequence preserves key observation wells for each manifold and reservoir section for as long as possible before those wells are required to be flowed to meet operational requirements. Operational constraints and variations of the startup plan were considered part of the evaluation.
The Option Value of Refracturing Oil Wells: Implementation in a Binomial Lattice
Authors: Jafarizadeh Babak , Bratvold Reidar B.
Published: May 2019

The steep production decline of unconventional oil wells means that positive cash flows only last for a short while. The operator must then decide whether to continue, abandon, or hydraulically refracture the well. The decision of when to refracture the reservoir has an economic effect on the value of a well, especially with the uncertain oil prices of the future. In this paper, we develop a flexible Markov-decision process that assumes that the optimal refracture or abandonment time depends on the stochastic mean-reverting behavior of prices (described in a binomial lattice) and the then-current level of production. The Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) implementation of the algorithm accompanies this paper.
Airway Management of the Right Anterior Segmentectomy through Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) after Left Pneumonectomy by An Adapted Double-lumen Endobronchial Tube (DLT): A Case Report
Authors: Gu Yang , Duan Ruowang , Song Jiong , Lv Xin
Published: May 2019

Background

Lung resection after previous contralateral pneumonectomy is rare. We present a case of right anterior segmentectomy despite previous left pneumonectomy, demanding special ventilation strategy.

Case presentation

A 48-year-old woman was going to have the right anterior segmentectomy through uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) who had left pneumonectomy two years ago. A 32-French left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) was chosen and adapted. The DLT was intubated into the bronchus intermedius. And the upper lobe can be isolated from the ventilation in the middle and lower lobes when the bronchial cuff’s inflated. The perioperative period was uneventful and the pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion

Lung cancer radical resection was discouraged after previous contralateral pneumonectomy partly due to the challenging ventilation and isolation. With this new DLT adapting and intubation technique showed in this case, the challenging ventilation and isolation that deter the promotion of the operation could be solved.
RETRACTED: Good visual rehabilitation in a patient without traumatic cataract surgery after removal of a ferrous intravitreal foreign body by external magnetic extraction through a pars plana incision: A case report
Authors: Su Zhitao , Ye Panpan , Lin Jijian , Huang Xiaodan , Fang Xiaoyun
Published: May 2019

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
FunFam protein families improve residue level molecular function prediction
Authors: Scheibenreif Linus Mathias , Littmann Maria , Orengo Christine , Rost Burkhard
Published: May 2019

Background

The CATH database provides a hierarchical classification of protein domain structures including a sub-classification of superfamilies into functional families (FunFams). We analyzed the similarity of binding site annotations in these FunFams and incorporated FunFams into the prediction of protein binding residues.

Results

FunFam members agreed, on average, in 36.9±0.6% of their binding residue annotations. This constituted a 6.7-fold increase over randomly grouped proteins and a 1.2-fold increase (1.1-fold on the same dataset) over proteins with the same enzymatic function (identical Enzyme Commission, EC, number). Mapping de novo binding site prediction methods (BindPredict-CCS, BindPredict-CC) onto FunFam resulted in consensus predictions for those residues that were aligned and predicted alike (binding/non-binding) within a FunFam. This simple consensus increased the F1-score (for binding) 1.5-fold over the original prediction method. Variation of the threshold for how many proteins in the consensus prediction had to agree provided a convenient control of accuracy/precision and coverage/recall, e.g. reaching a precision as high as 60.8±0.4% for a stringent threshold.

Conclusions

The FunFams outperformed even the carefully curated EC numbers in terms of agreement of binding site residues. Additionally, we assume that our proof-of-principle through the prediction of protein binding residues will be relevant for many other solutions profiting from FunFams to infer functional information at the residue level.
A Farming Community's Perspective on Nutrient Loss Reduction
Authors: Marks Benjamin , Boerngen Maria A.
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Interviews with Illinois farmers revealed they are concerned about nutrient loss.

Illinois farmers may not know specifics of the IL Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy.

However, they are changing their practices in response to nutrient loss concerns.

Opportunities exist to further encourage adoption of BMPs to meet IL NLRS goals.

The Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy (NLRS) is a voluntary framework to achieve ambitious reductions in nitrate‐nitrogen and phosphorus runoff to the Mississippi River. In interviews, a group of “conservation‐minded” Illinois farmers revealed that while they are not necessarily familiar with the Illinois NLRS, they are concerned with nutrient loss and are taking steps to address those concerns. However, the strategy's “Phase 1 Milestones” of 15 and 25% reduction in nitrate‐nitrogen and phosphorus loss, respectively, by 2025 may require additional efforts to encourage adoption of the best management practices (BMPs) recommended by the strategy. This study identifies the information sources farmers trust in making management decisions, suggesting avenues to encourage achieving the goals of the Illinois NLRS. It also serves as the pilot study for a large‐scale farmer survey that will provide a more thorough understanding of Illinois farmers’ awareness of, and responses to, nutrient loss issues.
Road Dust Fails to Impact Soybean Physiology and Production
Authors: Gnoinsky Amy , Hargiss Christina L.M. , Prischmann‐Voldseth Deirdre , DeSutter Thomas
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Soybean leaf temperature, seed quality, and yield not impacted by road dust treatments.

Chlorophyll content showed some difference in treatments, no decipherable trends.

Periodic applications of road dust, even at high rates, showed little impact on soybeans.

Road dust is a common by‐product of transportation and it is important to understand its impact on crop production. The objective of this study was to determine if dust applied to the foliage of soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] impact its physiological characteristics (i.e., chlorophyll content and leaf temperature), yield, and seed quality (i.e., seed protein, oil composition, and amino acids). In 2015 and 2016 soybeans were planted using a randomized block design with eight replicates. Dust was applied weekly to soybean treatment areas at designated rates of 0, 15.8, 78.8, 158 g m−2, in 2015, and 0, 15.8, 78.8, 158, 2 × 158, and 315 g m−2 in 2016. The 2 × 158 g m−2 treatment was 158 g m−2 applied twice per week. Plant measurements included leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, yield, and seed quality. No significant differences for leaf temperature, yield, yield components, and seed composition were found in either year (P > 0.05). Therefore, results of the study indicated that weekly and bi‐weekly applications of dust, even at high rates, had little if any impact on soybean production and seed quality likely due to inert nature of the dust or soybean resilience to dust coverage.
Nitrate Loss in Subsurface Drainage from a Corn–Soybean Rotation as Affected by Nitrogen Rate and Nitrapyrin
Authors: Vetsch Jeffrey A. , Randall Gyles W. , Fernández Fabián G.
Published: May 2019

Successful N management practices for the US Midwest must optimize crop production and minimize NO3–N losses from subsurface tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of N rate, N application timing, and nitrapyrin [2‐chloro‐6‐(trichlormethyl) pyridine] on corn (Zea mays L.) production and NO3–N in tile drainage water in a corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in Minnesota. Anhydrous ammonia was applied at 90 and 179 kg ha−1 with nitrapyrin in the fall and at 134 kg ha−1 with and without nitrapyrin in fall and spring. However, drainage water monitoring was only conducted on fall treatments. Over a 5‐yr period, 71% of drainage occurred in April through June and <1% occurred from November through March due to frozen soil. Averaged across N treatments and crops, annual drainage ranged from 69 to 380 mm among years. From 2001 through 2003, NO3–N concentrations averaged 13.8, 15.6, and 20.0 mg L−1 in corn and 7.3, 8.2, and 12.6 mg L−1 in soybean when 90, 134, and 179 kg N ha−1 was fall applied with nitrapyrin to corn, respectively. Corn grain yields were greater with spring‐applied N at 134 kg ha−1 (11.3 Mg ha−1) than with fall‐applied N at 134 and 179 kg ha−1 with nitrapyrin (10.5 and 10.8 Mg ha−1, respectively), and nitrapyrin did not affect corn production or water quality. Fall application of N is common on cold soils in Minnesota. These data showed that fall application required a greater rate of N to optimize yield than spring and that greater fall rate often increased NO3–N concentration and load in tile drainage water.

Core Ideas

Nitrate concentration and load in tile drainage water increased as N rate increased.

Concentrations and loads were 44 and 33% less in soybean than in corn, respectively.

Nitrapyrin did not affect nitrate in drainage water or corn yield.
A TILLING Resource for Hard Red Winter Wheat Variety Jagger
Authors: Rawat Nidhi , Joshi Anupama , Pumphrey Michael , Singh Lovepreet , Mahlandt Alex , Chhabra Bhavit , Wilson Duane , Gill Bikram , Poland Jesse , Tiwari Vijay
Published: May 2019

Genetic improvement of crop plants is dependent on the availability of genetic variation, which can be present naturally or can be created using mutations. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis provides an attractive tool to create variant alleles of genes of interest in any plant. In the present paper, we report development of an EMS‐mutagenized population in a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Jagger. Jagger has been a leading variety across the United States and has been grown internationally as well, for over two decades now. It possesses many useful traits related to disease resistance, cold tolerance, and milling and baking qualities. Because it is a landmark variety, the genome of Jagger is being sequenced by an international collaborative team, which will speed up gene mapping and cloning efforts in it. The Jagger Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genome (TILLING) resource developed in this work will be useful for functional validation of these genes. The mutagenized population was developed using EMS and was characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Gene‐wise mutation screening was performed for three genes located on different chromosomes across all the three genomes. The population has an overall mutation frequency of 1/40.7 kb, and we were able to find multiple knockout, missense, and missplicing mutations for each targeted gene. The population will be useful as a forward and reverse genetic screen for a number of valuable traits.
Effect of Different Straw Return Modes on Soil Bacterial Community, Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Fractions
Authors: Zhao Huili , Jiang Yuhan , Ning Peng , Liu Jifei , Zheng Wei , Tian Xiaohong , Shi Jianglan , Xu Miao , Liang Zhiying , Shar Abdul Ghaffar
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Straw returned twice each year (WC‐MC and WH‐MC) significantly enhanced SOC and DOC.

Return of both wheat and maize chopped straw had highest β‐1,4‐xylosidase, invertase, and enhanced Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria.

Retention of high wheat stubble and return of chopped straw had highest β‐1,4‐glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and enhanced Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes.

Amount and complexity of straw added led to differences in C, enzyme activity, and microbial composition.

High wheat stubble and crushed straw improved yields and bacterial richness, but had less C sequestration.

Little is known about the responses of organic carbon fractions, enzymes activity, and soil bacterial communities and diversity to different straw return modes in intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems. An 8‐yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different straw return modes. Four treatments were compared: (i) return of both wheat and maize chopped straw (WC‐MC); (ii) retention of high wheat stubble and return of chopped maize straw (WH‐MC); (iii) retention of high wheat stubble and no return of maize straw (WH‐MN); and (iv) no return of straw of both wheat and maize (WN‐MN). Soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon content increased significantly in the WC‐MC and WH‐MC. Beta‐1‐4‐xylosidase and invertase were higher in the WC‐MC treatment than in WH‐MC, while the highest β‐1,4‐glucosidase activities were observed in WH‐MC. However, the activity of polyphenol oxidase was low in all three straw return treatments. Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria dominated in WC‐MC, while the Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes phyla dominated WH‐MC. The two high wheat stubble retention modes caused significant increases in bacterial richness. Redundancy analysis showed that C input amount and organic carbon content were the most influential factors determining bacterial community structure. The observed effects were due to straw amount and the complex composition of WH‐MC added during the wheat growing season compared to WC‐MC. In conclusion, the straw return mode that employs high wheat stubble retention and chopped maize straw return is sufficient to maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil microenvironment
Application of Multivariate Analysis Techniques for Selecting Soil Physical Quality Indicators: A Case Study in Long‐Term Field Experiments in Apulia (Southern Italy)
Authors: Castellini Mirko , Stellacci Anna Maria , Barca Emanuele , Iovino Massimo
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Soil physical quality (SPQ) on two long‐term experiments was evaluated.

Relationships among five SPQ indicators (BD, PMAC, AC, PAWC and RFC) were evaluated.

Two multivariate analysis techniques (PCA, SDA) were applied to select key indicators.

PCA and SDA generally identified RFC as a key soil physical indicator.

An optimal AC range was suggested to assess the air capacity of agricultural soils

Long‐term field experiments and multivariate analysis techniques represent research tools that may improve our knowledge on soil physical quality (SPQ) assessment. These techniques allow us to measure relatively stable soil conditions and to improve soil quality judgment, thereby reducing uncertainties. A monitoring of SPQ under long‐term experiments, aimed at comparing crop residue management strategies (burning vs. incorporation of straw, FE1) and soil management (minimum tillage vs. no tillage, FE2), was established during the crop growing season of durum wheat. The relationships between five SPQ indicators (bulk density [BD], macroporosity [PMAC], air capacity [AC], plant available water capacity [PAWC], and relative field capacity [RFC]) were evaluated, and two techniques of multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis) were applied to select key indicators for SPQ assessment. According to the used indicators, an SPQ from optimal to intermediate (i.e., not definitely poor) was detected in 65% of the observations in FE1 and in 54% in FE2. The main results showed a significant negative relationship between RFC and AC, and multivariate analysis identified RFC as a key SPQ indicator, mainly in FE2. Plant available water capacity and BD showed the highest discriminating capability in the FE1 dataset. The highest scores of RFC assessment were highlighted for burning and minimum tillage treatments (+1 and +2). An optimal AC range, derived from optimal RFC limits, was obtained and was suggested to better assess the AC of agricultural soils (0.10 ≤ AC ≤ 0.26 cm3 cm–3).
Paddy Cultivation Significantly Alters Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics and Loss Risk in a Calcareous Paddy Soil Chronosequence
Authors: Fang Di , Zhao Zhenjie , Chang E. , Xu Roukou , Hong Zhineng , Zhou Lixiang , Jiang Jun
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Phosphorus absorbents in calcareous paddy soils increased with rice cultivation age.

Calcium primarily determined P availability in calcareous paddy soils without P inputs.

Added P was preferentially retained by Fe or Al oxides.

The first few years were the main high‐risk periods for P loss.

To reveal the dynamics of phosphate behavior in a calcareous paddy soil chronosequence (after 0, 3, 8, 30, and 70 yr of rice [Oryza sativa L.] cropping), P adsorption–desorption isotherms, chemical fractions, and loss risks were investigated. The contents of P adsorbents (i.e., Fe and Al oxides and Ca salts) in the paddy soils increased with cultivation age, mainly through accelerated primary mineral destruction and weathering in an Alfisol, along with a small portion from irrigation waters. The Langmuir equation gave increasing P adsorption capacities (Qmad) of 520.67, 545.67, 662.78, 860.79, and 834.45 mg kg‐1 for 0, 3, 8, 30, and 70 yr. The Qmad was closely correlated with free Fe and Al oxides, amorphous Al oxides, and HCl‐replaceable Ca contents. The fraction of Ca–P was 52.04 to 63.64% without P inputs, indicating that Ca salts primarily determined P availability. The preferential forms of P retained by paddy soils were in the following order: Ca–P > Al–P > Fe–P > loosely sorbed P. The contents of Olsen‐P in 3‐ and 8‐yr paddy soils were 42.1 and 28.1 mg kg‐1, respectively, much higher than for the two older paddy soils and the upland soil (11.6–24.8 mg kg‐1). The highest degree of P saturation and equilibrium P concentration were in the two younger paddy soils, indicating the increasing potential environmental risk of P loss in paddy soils in the first few years. Hence, more attention should be given to P loss in newly reclaimed paddy soils.
Three‐Dimensional Time‐Lapse Geoelectrical Monitoring of Water Infiltration in an Experimental Mine Waste Rock Pile
Authors: Dimech Adrien , Chouteau Michel , Aubertin Michel , Bussière Bruno , Martin Vincent , Plante Benoît
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

3D time‐lapse ERT is used to monitor water infiltration for mining environmental issues.

Geoelectrical images provide information where no hydrogeological data is available.

Water resistivity must be taken into account to understand bulk resistivity variations.

Electrical resistivity of water is used as a tracer to reconstruct water infiltration.

Infiltration model integrating both hydrogeological and geophysical data is proposed.

Open‐pit mines often generate large quantities of waste rocks that are usually stored in waste rock piles (WRPs). When the waste rocks contain reactive minerals (mainly sulfides), water and air circulation can lead to the generation of contaminated drainage. An experimental WRP was built at the Lac Tio mine (Canada) to validate a new disposal method that aims to limit water infiltration into reactive waste rocks. More specifically, a flow control layer was placed on top of the pile, which represents a typical bench level, to divert water toward the outer edge. Hydrogeological sensors and geophysical electrodes were installed for monitoring moisture distribution in the pile during infiltration events. A three‐dimensional (3D) time‐lapse hydrogeophysical monitoring program was conducted to assess water infiltration and movement. Readings from the 192 circular electrodes buried in the WRP were used to reconstruct the 3D bulk electrical resistivity (ER) variations over time. A significant effort was devoted to assessing the spatiotemporal evolution of water ER because the bulk ER is strongly affected by water quality (and content). The water ER was used as a tracer to monitor the infiltration and flow of resistive and conductive waters. The results indicate that the inclined surface layer efficiently diverts a large part of the added water away from the core of the pile. Local and global models of water infiltration explaining both bulk and water ER variations are proposed. The results shown here are consistent with hydrogeological data and provide additional insights to characterize the behavior of the pile.
Representation of Plot‐Scale Soil Heterogeneity in Dual‐Domain Effective Flow and Transport Models with Mass Exchange
Authors: Filipović Vilim , Coquet Yves , Gerke Horst H.
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

The heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties can be described with effective parameters.

Increasing model complexity can be used to represent plot‐scale soil heterogeneity.

One‐dimensional dual‐domain flow models are used to reproduce 2D preferential transport.

Local subscale variability effects are included as mass transfer in an effective model.

Agricultural soils are characterized by a structure that is strongly dependent on farming practices like tillage and trafficking. These practices can create compacted zones in the soil, thus initiating preferential flow. Two‐ or three‐dimensional models can be used to account for the spatial variability of the soil hydraulic and transport properties. Since it is challenging to obtain such data, it is logical to find simpler approaches. Our objective was to design a one‐dimensional (1D) modeling approach that effectively accounts for plot‐scale soil structure variability. A 1D dual‐permeability model was tested in which compacted soil was represented by a matrix domain and uncompacted soil by a fracture domain and eventually by assuming an additional immobile water region (MIM) in the fracture domain representing compacted clods embedded within the uncompacted soil. Models (1D) were compared with two‐dimensional single‐porosity (2D_SP) modeling results for water flow and Br− transport based on a previously performed field tracer experiment. Results indicated good agreement between 1D dual‐domain approaches (1D_DPERM and 1D_DPERM_MIM) and the 2D_SP representative model simulation results with high model efficiency and with respect to the field observations. This implied that a 1D vertical model description was sufficient to represent plot‐scale variability if smaller scale soil structure heterogeneities could be accounted for as effective parameters in dual‐domain models. Variation in the mass transfer term had a large effect on the vertical Br− profile distribution. The parameters describing the sizes and shapes of the domains were most relevant for estimating mass transfer between soil structural features in heterogeneous agricultural fields. Still, the calibration of the upscaling approach of two‐domain interactions in larger scale models remains challenging.
Comparing Visible–Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and a Pedotransfer Function for Predicting the Dry Region of the Soil‐Water Retention Curve
Authors: Pittaki-Chrysodonta Zampela , Arthur Emmanuel , Moldrup Per , Knadel Maria , Norgaard Trine , Iversen Bo V. , de Jonge Lis Wollesen
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

The Campbell–Shiozawa (CS) model was fitted to dry region data.

The CS model was anchored to soil water content at −106 cm H2O matric potential.

The model's parameters were well predicted from vis‐NIR spectra or a PTF.

Both the vis‐NIRS and PTF models gave good predictions of dry region water retention.

The soil‐water retention curve (SWRC) at the dry end, also known as soil water vapor sorption isotherms, is essential for the modeling of water vapor transport, microbial activity, and biological processes such as plant water uptake in the vadose zone. Measurement of detailed soil water vapor sorption isotherms (WSIs) can be time consuming. Therefore, we propose rapid, inexpensive methodologies (visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy [vis–NIRS] and a pedotransfer function [PTF]) to predict the Campbell–Shiozawa (CS) model parameters to obtain the WSIs. Water vapor sorption isotherms were measured on 144 soil samples with a vapor sorption analyzer. The CS semi‐logarithmic‐linear function anchored at a soil‐water matric potential of −106 cm H2O (log|−106| = pF 6) was fitted to the measured data because it accurately characterizes the WSIs. Thereafter, a vis–NIRS calibration model and a PTF, based on clay and organic C contents, were developed and used to predict the two reference CS model parameters (α and W6). Both parameters were predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy using vis–NIRS and the PTF (for α, RMSE values of 0.0041 and 0.0025, and for W6, RMSE values of 0.0042 and 0.0034 for vis–NIRS and the PTF, respectively). Based on the predicted α and W6 values, the predicted WSIs compared closely with the measured isotherms for individual soil samples from each field. At the field scale, the vis–NIRS model performed marginally better than the PTF. Thus, it is evident that the use of vis–NIRS or PTFs provides a relatively inexpensive approach to predicting soil water sorption isotherms.
An Empirical Study for the Statistical Adjustment of Rater Bias
Authors: İLHAN Mustafa
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the effectiveness of statistical adjustments applied to rater bias in many-facet Rasch analysis. Some changes were first made in the dataset that did not include rater × examinee bias to cause to have rater × examinee bias. Later, bias adjustment was applied to rater bias included in the data file, and the effectiveness of the statistical adjustment was further examined. The outcomes pertaining to the datasets with and without bias, and to which the bias adjustment was applied, were compared. It was concluded that diversities created by rater × examinee bias in examinees’ ability estimation, item difficulty indices and measures of rater severity and leniency were, to a large extent, eliminated by bias adjustment. This result indicates that the bias adjustment using many-facet Rasch analysis is a viable way to control rater bias.
Desaparición forzada, comisión de la verdad y nuevo régimen de gobierno
Authors: González Chévez Héctor
Published: May 2019

Cuando las autoridades gubernamentales, bajo el mando de procurar e impartir justicia, siembran pruebas, se modifica la escena del crimen, se fabrican delincuentes, se desaparecen evidencias, se recurre a la tortura para conseguir la autoincriminación. En tanto, se impide por parte del General Secretario de Defensa Nacional a los miembros del Grupo de Expertos Independientes GIEI de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, realizar diligencias de inspección en instalaciones militares en busca de indicios de 43 estudiantes de Ayotzinapa desaparecidos, bajo el argumento de que ello representaría una vulneración a la soberanía del Estado.