bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Wave Energy Behavior and Its Underlying Reasons in the Gulf of Mexico Based on Computer Animation and Energy Events Concept
Authors: Haces-Fernandez Francisco , Li Hua , Ramirez David
Published: April 2022

The complexity and variability of ocean waves make wave energy harvesting very challenging. Previous research has indicated that wave energy was mainly generated and transferred by wind, but the detailed correlation between wind and wave energy has not been discovered. Wave energy in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has high variability with distinct seasonal behavior. However, the underlying reasons for this unique behavior have not been discussed and discovered yet. In this paper, a computer animation-based dynamic visualization method was created to conduct exploratory and explanatory analyses of 36 years of meteorological data in the GoM from the WaveWatch III system to identify preliminary patterns and underlying reasons for the unique behavior of wave energy in the GoM. These preliminary patterns and underlying reasons were further analyzed using Energy Events and Breaks concepts. During both high and low levels wave energy periods, the detailed correlation between wave energy and the wind was analyzed and determined. High level wave power in the GoM was mainly generated by the local inland wind from northern weather patterns, while low level wave power was mainly generated by swells from the Caribbean and the Atlantic oceans, which entered the GoM through the two narrow pathways, the Straits of Yucatan and the Florida Straits. The results from this paper will also be able to help the design, placement, and operation of future wave energy converters to improve their efficiency in harvesting wave energy in the GoM.
Predicting Possible New Links to Future Global Plastic Waste Trade Networks
Authors: Zhao Changping , Qi Xinli , Wang Jin , Du Fengyang , Shi Xiaolan
Published: April 2022

China’s waste plastic ban has sparked a discussion about how the global plastic waste trade (GPWT) will develop in the future. To answer this question, this article uses the link forecasting and QAP method to predict and analyze the possible development trend of the GPWT in the future. The research results show that GPWT has certain stability and sustainability; although plastic waste trade has narrowed under the ban, it still has the potential trend of reconnecting the same type of links. Specifically, from a regional perspective, the future trade of new plastic waste trade will be dominated by cross-regional trade. Plastic waste may continue to flow to countries in the Asian–Pacific, Middle East, and African regions, while European countries will strengthen the internal recycling and processing of plastic waste. From the perspective of the national income level, the establishment of the new relationship will show an evolutionary trend in which high-income countries are dominated and the scale of trade between non-high-income countries expands. In addition, the differences in the level of economic development, liner transport connectivity, and the proportion of mismanagement of plastic waste among countries has a positive effect on the establishment of a new relationship in the GPWT, while tariff rates have an inhibitory effect. In general, the GPWT will still exist in the future, which requires the international community to guide the GPWT to promote the recycling and reuse of plastic waste in a real sense and adjust the unreasonable trade model.
What Factors Influence Customer Attitudes and Mindsets towards the Use of Services and Products of Islamic Banks in Bangladesh?
Authors: Hoque Muhammad Nazmul , Rahman Muhammad Khalilur , Said Jamaliah , Begum Farhana , Hossain Mohammad Mainul
Published: April 2022

This empirical paper aims at measuring customer attitudes concerning Islamic banking services and how they influence their behavioural intentions to utilise them. Islamic banking has been a fast-growing sector, offering products and services according to Sharia law. Despite being the preferred choice of banking, there is a high percentage of Muslim customers who have shifted from conventional to Islamic banking. Hence, this study aims to examine factors that influence them towards the use of Islamic banking. This is cross-sectional research, where data were collected using questionnaires. A total of 490 questionnaires were received back from adult individuals who were clients of Islamic banks. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) method. The findings indicate that ethical organisation, Islamic values, and reputation significantly impact attitudes, whereas financial literacy has no significant impact on them. Attitude is strongly related to the behavioural intention to engage in Islamic banking services. The results also reveal that attitudes mediate the effect of Islamic values, ethical organisation, and reputation on the behavioural intention to engage in Islamic banking services, but Islamic financial literacy is not associated with customers’ behavioural mindset to enjoy such services. This study provides an example of initial empirical evidence from a Muslim majority country like Bangladesh on the relationship between Islamic values, ethical organization, Islamic financial literacy, and reputation and attitudes, which in turn lead to customers’ behavioural intentions to engage in services and products of Islamic banks.
Modeling Urban Growth and the Impacts of Climate Change: The Case of Esmeraldas City, Ecuador
Authors: Mena Carlos F. , Benitez Fátima L. , Sampedro Carolina , Martinez Patricia , Quispe Alex , Laituri Melinda
Published: April 2022

This research has been developed in the city of Esmeraldas, which is one of the poorest urban centers of Ecuador. Historically, the economic dynamics of the city have been related to the extraction of natural resources, but little has been invested in local populations. The objectives of this paper are, first, to create a predictive scenario of urban growth linked to future climate projections for Esmeraldas, with a focus on vulnerability to landslides and flooding; and second, to generate methodological advances related to the linkage between urban growth simulation and the downscaling of global models for climate change. This paper is based on spatially explicit simulation, Cellular Automata (CA), to capture the dynamics of urban processes. CA is linked to the analysis of vulnerability to climate change based on socioeconomic conditions and is focused on flooding- and landslide-exposed areas. We found that the proportion of Afro-Ecuadorian people and the risk of landslides and flooding are positively related to urban growth. Based on our future scenarios, the urban growth area in Esmeraldas will increase 50% compared to the year 2016. Moreover, if the existing trends continue, natural vegetation—including mangroves—will be removed by that time, increasing the vulnerability to climate change.
Characterization of Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Dumped Municipal Solid Waste in Sri Lanka as Affected by the Climate Zone and Dumping Age
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Rashid , Piumali Abeywickrama Bamunusin Kankanamge Thilini , Priyankara Nadeej Hansaraj , Alagiyawanna Alagiyawanna Mohottalalage Nayana , Kurukulasuriya Laksiri Chandana , Kawamoto Ken
Published: April 2022

Due to the rapid increase in population and urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is increasing. Sri Lanka, in particular, faces serious difficulties in finding new sites for MSW disposal, due to the lack of available space; therefore, the rehabilitation of existing MSW dumping sites and the extension of their services are required to achieve sustainable urban development. To examine suitable rehabilitation techniques, it is essential to identify the physicochemical and mechanical properties of dumped MSW, fully considering climatic conditions, waste composition, and the time since the waste was dumped. In this study, therefore, the physicochemical and mechanical properties of dumped MSW were investigated; the dumped MSW was taken from existing MSW dumping sites in three climate zones in Sri Lanka, namely the Karadiyana site in the wet zone, Udapalatha in the intermediate zone, and Hambantota in the dry zone, and it was taken at different times after being dumped. The results showed that the waste composition and biodegradation of organic materials affected the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the dumped waste. The measured compaction parameters of the “old” sites at Udapalatha and Hambantota were higher compared to the “new” sites. Compaction parameters at the Karadiyana site, on the other hand, were low, at even >20 years since being dumped, probably due to the high amount of scarcely compacted materials. In direct shear tests, both strain hardening and softening of the waste samples were observed, depending on the difference in vertical stress. Based on the Pearson correlations among measured physicochemical and mechanical parameters, it was found that the loss on ignition (LOI) would be a good indicator to quickly assess the mechanical parameters of “new” and “old” waste materials, due to the small sensitivities to waste age and climate conditions in Sri Lanka. In particular, LOI correlated well to measured specific gravity and compaction properties, and the r2 values of correlations exceeded |0.80|.
Using the Halophyte Crithmum maritimum in Green Roofs for Sustainable Urban Horticulture: Effect of Substrate and Nutrient Content Analysis including Potentially Toxic Elements
Authors: Martini Aikaterini N. , Papafotiou Maria , Massas Ioannis , Chorianopoulou Nikoleta
Published: April 2022

The effect of substrate type and cultivation site in the urban fabric on growth, nutrient content and potentially toxic element (PTE) accumulation in tissues of the halophyte Crithmum maritimum was studied. Plantlets were cultivated for twelve months in containers with a green-roof infrastructure fitted and placed either on an urban second-floor roof or on ground level by the side of a moderate-traffic street. Two substrate types were used; one comprising grape marc compost, perlite and pumice (3:3:4, v/v) and one composed of grape marc compost, perlite, pumice and soil (3:3:2:2, v/v), with 10 cm depth. Plants grew well on both sites, although aboveground growth parameters and nutrient content in leaves were greater at street level. Both cultivation site and substrate type affected heavy-metal accumulation in plant tissues. Cu, Ni and Fe concentrations in leaves and Pb in roots were higher in street-level-grown plants compared to the roof-grown plants, and concentrations of Cu and Mn in leaves and Fe in both leaves and roots were lower in the soilless substrate compared to the soil-substrate, making the soilless type preferable in the interest of both safer produce for human consumption and lower construction weight in the case of green-roof cultivation.
Social Capital and Transformational Leadership in Building the Resilience of Local Governance Networks
Authors: Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek Katarzyna
Published: April 2022

Resilience has become more popular among researchers and practitioners of public governance. Previous studies indicate the importance of social capital and leadership in this research field, but mainly theoretically and rarely are considered together. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the impact of social capital and transformational leadership on the resilience of local governance networks based on a questionnaire conducted among 199 local governments in Poland. The variance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) based on the partial least squares path modelling method (PLS) has been used to analyze the data collected. The obtained results indicate that social capital, primarily relational and cognitive, directly and significantly affects resilience, but transformational leadership impacts indirectly. In addition, the resilience of local governance networks is associated with bouncing back and change. These findings add value to the emerging theory of resilience in public governance and can also be helpful for public professionals.
Models for Assessing Urban Ecosystem Services: Status and Outlooks
Authors: Ouyang Xinyu , Luo Xiangyu
Published: April 2022

Urban ecosystem services provide many benefits for human beings. Given the dramatic increase of urbanization, maintaining sustainability of cities relies heavily on ecosystem services, and it is crucial for quantifying, managing, and optimizing urban ecosystem services to promote social and ecological sustainable development. This study presents the review of models for assessing urban ecosystem services through gathering the pertinent literatures which were published recent years. The main types of approaches for assessing urban ecosystem services were summarized, and the model simulation approach was detailed. From modelling techniques to the existing models, it was found that a process-based model is, relatively, a better way to detect the mechanism of urban ecological processes and simulate the future dynamic changes of urban ecosystem services. Three key limitations of existing products and frameworks were identified: (1) lacking understanding of multiple urban ecosystem services interactions, (2) ignoring accounting the socioeconomic factors into dynamics of urban ecosystem, and (3) lacking considerations of feedback effects between social system and urban ecosystem. The study concludes with outlooks that a comprehensive social-ecosystem model based on the social-ecological framework is helpful to reveal the relationships and interactions among various urban ecosystem services, and can better assess how human-induced urban growth affects ecosystem services, and better describe the feedback effect between the social environment and urban ecosystem services, as well as dynamically predict the changes of urban ecosystem services under different scenarios in future long time series.
Individual Energy Consumption Behavior Leads to Energy Sustainability in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim , Nuri Al-Amin Endut Mohd , Che Jamaludin Farrah Ilyani , Akbar Jalal ud Din , Asra
Published: April 2022

Malaysia ranks third in the world in terms of carbon emissions, with an average annual rate of 4.7 percent. There is a strong need to understand the challenges and motivations for energy consumption change at the individual level. This study aims to investigate the relevant factors affecting Malaysian individual energy consumption behavior towards energy sustainability using the multi-criteria decision-making methodology of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data were collected from 121 experts using a purposive sampling technique. A framework is developed by assigning weight to the selected factors and sub-factors based on their relative importance in pairwise comparison matrices. The results showed that there were five main factors influencing individual energy consumption behavior in Malaysia, where education was ranked as the top priority, followed by institutions, social values and norms, social structure, and lastly, lifestyle. There were also 16 relevant sub-factors ranked from top priority to least priority (environmental concern, ecology knowledge, energy policy, environmental consciousness, energy tariff, energy efficient technology, morals, social class, location, culture, ethics, choice of lifestyle, personal materialism, gender, ethnicity, and spirituality). Policymakers will be in a better position to design intervention strategies for energy sustainability through energy policy if they understand individual consumption behavior.
Analysis of the Photovoltaic Waste-Recycling Process in Polish Conditions—A Short Review
Authors: Włodarczyk Renata
Published: April 2022

The rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry is determined by subsequent legal documents and directives, which indicate the need to use renewable energy sources in order to counteract climate pollution and strive to increase energy efficiency. The development of the photovoltaic industry in the near future will result in an increase in the amount of electrical and electronic waste from used photovoltaic panels. The total installed capacity of photovoltaic sources in Poland at the end of 2019 was almost 1500 MW, and in May 2020, it exceeded 1950 MW, and the weight of the installation was approximately 120,000 tons. The aim of the present work is to present the types of materials used in the construction of photovoltaic panels, with particular emphasis on the possibility of recycling or utilization of individual elements. Additionally, the aim of the work is to describe the most important requirements addressed to the members of the European Union, which were formulated in the provisions of Directive 2012/19/EU. Taking into account the number of photovoltaic panels produced in Poland, the possibility of recycling individual materials from PV assembly was analyzed. The author presents the problem of recycling in the combination of legal and material aspects, which will soon become the share of Poland as a member of the European Union.
Heavy Metal, Waste, COVID-19, and Rapid Industrialization in This Modern Era—Fit for Sustainable Future
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Xiao Baohua , Xiao Peiwen , Zhao Peng , Bibi Shaheen
Published: April 2022

Heavy metal contamination, waste, and COVID-19 are hazardous to all living things in the environment. This review examined the effects of heavy metals, waste, and COVID-19 on the ecosystem. Scientists and researchers are currently working on ways to extract valuable metals from waste and wastewater. We prefer Tessier sequential extraction for future use for heavy metal pollution in soil. Results indicated that population growth is another source of pollution in the environment. Heavy metal pollution wreaks havoc on soil and groundwater, especially in China. COVID-19 has pros and cons. The COVID-19 epidemic has reduced air pollution in China and caused a significant reduction in CO2 releases globally due to the lockdown but has a harmful effect on human health and the economy. Moreover, COVID-19 brings a huge amount of biomedical waste. COVID-19’s biomedical waste appears to be causing different health issues. On the other hand, it was discovered that recycling has become a new source of pollution in south China. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination is the most severe ecological effect. Likewise, every problem has a remedy to create new waste management and pollution monitoring policy. The construction of a modern recycling refinery is an important aspect of national waste disposal.
Assessment of the Development of Forest-Based Bioeconomy in European Regions
Authors: Barañano Leire , Unamunzaga Olatz , Garbisu Naroa , Briers Siebe , Orfanidou Timokleia , Schmid Blasius , Martínez de Arano Inazio , Araujo Andrés , Garbisu Carlos
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the potential of the forest-based bioeconomy to provide competitiveness, differentiation, and sustainability to the European economy has often been claimed. Interestingly, regions, as territorial units with their own political and socioeconomic strategies, have been highlighted as the most suitable targets for the development of the European forest-based bioeconomy. Here, using the case method, we evaluated the development of the forest-based bioeconomy in three European regions (i.e., North Karelia in Finland, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, the Basque Country in Spain), by appraising the status of 10 previously identified key drivers through primary (interviews with experts) and secondary (literature review) sources of information. In our analysis, North Karelia and the Basque Country obtained the highest and lowest score, respectively, with regard to forest-based bioeconomy development. In any case, for the successful development of the forest-based bioeconomy in a European region, it is essential to accept the unnegotiable, critically, of the long-term sustainability of forest bioresources and production processes, as well as the need to foster the required changes in consumption patterns.
Toward the Sustainable Development of the Old Community: Proposing a Conceptual Framework Based on Meaning Change for Space Redesign of Old Communities and Conducting Design Practices
Authors: Xing Zhaolian , Guo Weimin , Liu Jia , Xu Shu
Published: April 2022

An increasing number of old communities are experiencing deterioration in their living environments, which negatively affects the sustainability of the urban environment. Many cities have tried to solve the above problems through reconstruction or micro-renovation, but the result is unsatisfactory. Social change has led to a shift in the meaning of community, so the space transformation of the old community cannot be carried out simply by increasing the function and beautifying the environment. To achieve sustainable development of the old community, we should recreate the contemporary meaning of the old community. This paper aims to innovate urban design approaches and promote sustainable urban development in its environmental, ecological, and cultural dimensions through the reinvention of vitality and contemporary values of built community spaces. Based on the theory of meaning change, this paper constructs a conceptual framework for the reinvention of space in the old community. In the case study of a block in Rongxiang, Wuxi, we verify the framework’s effectiveness and build spaces more in line with people’s lifestyles in the new era. Based on the study, we conclude that meaning change is the key to achieving sustainable development of old community spaces. The framework can provide a new reference for solving the social problems of aging urban space and achieving sustainable development of the urban environment.
Should We Cry over the Spilt Milk? Market Power and Structural Change along Dairy Supply Chains in EU Countries
Authors: Cavicchioli Daniele , Cacchiarelli Luca , Sorrentino Alessandro , Pretolani Roberto
Published: April 2022

A “first-pass” test on a set of monthly prices index series from 2000 to 2015 was applied to detect market power exertion in the dairy value chain of 25 EU countries. Due to econometric and theoretical restrictions, the test yielded conclusive findings only in 11 over 25 EU Countries. Such results show that in Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Hungary and Croatia, the downstream sector exerts market power. Other EU countries (Spain, UK, Denmark, Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Sweden) are characterised by perfectly competitive dairy chains. These results were consistent with the findings of previous studies based on structural and mark-up models. Results of the market power test in the subsample of 11 countries have been related to various structural characteristics of the dairy chains. Market power exertion is negatively related to the average farm size. Such variable may be seen as a proxy of the degree of supply concentration provided by Producers Organizations (POs) to increase the bargaining power of the farm sector along the food chain. To test such a hypothesis, comparable data on supply concentration by POs across EU Countries are necessary. On the other hand, the structural change, represented by the increase of average farm size over time and the concentration rate in higher classes (above 250,000 € of Standard Output) is almost unrelated to the perfectly competitive conduct along EU dairy chains.
Evaluation of Student-Perceived Service Quality in Higher Education for Sustainable Development: A Fuzzy TODIM-ERA Method
Authors: Liu Yifan , Bao Tiantian , Zhao Dan , Sang Huiyun , Fu Benwei
Published: April 2022

Evaluating and prioritizing the service quality of higher education is an essential issue for the successful implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). This study investigates an evaluation framework to assess the performances of higher education institutes (HEIs) within the context of ESD based on student-perceived service quality. First, a conceptual model of the evaluation indicator system is explored by embedding sustainability-related indicators into the fuzzy SERVQUAL scale. Then, the evaluation of student-perceived service quality can be thought of as a problem of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) that involves uncertainty and bounded rationality. Thus, an evaluation technique called hybrid fuzzy TODIM-ERA is proposed to address such evaluation problems by synthesizing the theoretical strengths of the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, the evidential reasoning algorithm (ERA), and the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multicriteria decision-making). Finally, a case study of five Chinese HEIs in maritime transportation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework. Results provide the ranking order of all the alternative HEIs and the improvement strategies of each HEI for student-perceived service quality dimensions.
Masques et théromorphes dans l’art rupestre du Sahara central
Authors: Muzzolini Alfred
Published: April 2022

Après un rappel de la chronologie des figurations rupestres, on décrit les masques et théromorphes, surtout concentrés dans les écoles du "Bubalin naturaliste" (sites de l’Oued Djerat au Tassili et du Mathendous au Fezzan, principalement) et des Têtes Rondes du Tassili. On les situe par rapport aux contrées périphériques. Des contacts avec l’Egypte pharaonique ou le Prédynastique sont très improbables. Mais une "africanitude" commune des thèmes artistiques reflète peut-être un substrat archaïque commun, très ancien, propre au groupe linguistique afro-asiatique.
Les activités quotidiennes : l’apport de l’observation de certains caractères osseux
Authors: Courtaud Patrice
Published: April 2022

Après un rappel historique des travaux concernant les facettes d’accroupissement sur le col du talus, nous verrons ce que des études plus récentes ont pu apporter à la connaissance du mode de vie des populations anciennes. L’observation de caractères présents sur les métatarsiens dus à une hyperdorsiflexion des orteils a pu être mise en relation avec certaines activités quotidiennes et une division sexuelle du travail.
Développement d’un cimetière néolithique de type familial : le cas du cimetière néolithique d’El Kadada (district de Taragma) au Soudan central
Authors: Reinold Jacques
Published: April 2022

Le cimetière est situé sur une des pentes d’une ancienne terrasse du Nil qui fut utilisée comme habitat. Ces inhumations correspondent à une petite communauté qui vécut sur le bord de cette butte durant une phase spécifique du néolithique final. Malheureusement, l’image démographique n’est pas homogène en raison du fait que les enfants décédés avant six ans furent inhumés en dehors du cimetière (mais en relation avec l’habitat). Lorsqu’on combine les plans de localisation des tombes avec les lignes de contours et le contenu des sépultures, on arrive à individualiser des groupes significatifs de tombes d’environ 12 personnes qui ont probablement entre elles des liens de parenté.
Aspects of space and composition in the relief representations of the Gebel el-Arak knife-handle
Authors: Czichon Rainer Maria , Siewertsen Uwe
Published: April 2022

The relief representations of the Gebel el-Arak knife-handle are investigated according to the general shape of the relief surface, their frieze arrangement and their overall compositional structure. Hence, on formal reasons alone four different relief sections can be determined. Finally, questions are raised as to what degree the relief sections also form conceptual units and whether or not there is a rigidly fixed direction of reading the reliefs.
Some remarks on interrelating environmental changes and ecological, socio-economic problems in the development of the early Egyptian inundation culture
Authors: Atzler Michael
Published: April 2022

La culture égyptienne de l'inondation constitue un type spécial de ce qu'on appelle les cultures hydrauliques. Des changements écologiques et environnementaux de grande portée - voire radicaux - dus à certaines conditions spécifiques et répétées, menèrent vers la fin du Pleistocène et le début de l'Holocène à des développements culturels qui, peu à peu, aboutirent aussi à des changements socio-économiques. Ce fait n'est pas exclusif à la vallée du Nil. Le développement de la civilisation égyptienne et d'autres grandes cultures n'est devenu possible qu'après l'existence d'une composante agricole permettant une production suffisante de denrées alimentaires. Ainsi l'économie rurale et la production de denrées alimentaires formèrent une nouvelle base d’existence avec la conséquence logique d'une accumulation des biens, et, par là, une extension et une intensification de l'inégalité économique et sociale. Ce fait a rendu possible la formation de nouvelles relations socio-économiques. Mais la formation des premières hautes cultures ne s'explique pas seulement par une intensification de la composante agricole à l'intérieur d'économies complexes ; d'autres facteurs doivent avoir eu leur influence. La nécessité d'une coopération permanente, guidée et intensive, d'un nombre représentatif de membres d'une société à de grandes entreprises constitue un des critères décisifs pour la formation des premières grandes civilisations, pas seulement dans la vallée du Nil.
Les eaux rituelles en Égypte pharaonique
Authors: Bonhême Marie-Ange
Published: April 2022

C'est du point de vue de leur emploi, dans leur contexte architectural, mobilier et rituel, davantage que de leur symbolique, que les eaux rituelles sont présentées dans cette étude synthétique. Ces eaux qui ont pour provenance le Nil, la nappe phréatique et même la pluie, sont associées à des constructions spécifiques : lacs sacrés, puits, nilomètres, aménagements portuaires ou encore à un rustique système hydraulique d'acheminement de l'eau. Un mobilier funéraire est affecté à ces liturgies.

On remarquera que, s'il est commandé au roi de discipliner techniquement et rituellement les crues, si l'accent est mis sur la connivence de la royauté et de Hapy, les aspects matériels propres à un culte de la crue sont extrêmement secondarisés par suite d'une mise en tutelle théologique du génie de l'inondation, qui se trouve être un génie lié au monde agricole. On concluera alors sur le décalage entre l'univers des représentations mentales égyptiennes, où prévalent les activités de prédation du système de subsistance antérieur, et les ressources économiques désormais agricoles de l'Egypte : plus récemment performantes dans le processus d'accumulation des richesses, elles ont cependant moins de prestige dans la pensée symbolique de la sphère du pouvoir.
Les sacrifices humains à l’époque prédynastique : l’apport de la nécropole d’Adaïma
Authors: Crubézy Eric , Midant-Reynes Béatrix
Published: April 2022

Les manipulations de cadavres dans les nécropoles prédynastiques ont été décrites par Fl. Petrie dès la mise en évidence de cette période de l’histoire égyptienne.

Bien que controversées, on ne manqua pas cependant de les mettre en relation avec certains passages des Textes des Pyramides. Le point sur cette question a été réalisé par G.R.H. Wright, en 1979. Les fouilles d’Adaïma relancent le débat, révélant, sans conteste possible, des manipulations d’ossements et des interventions sur des cadavres. C’est sous cet éclairage que l’on se propose d’ouvrir le dossier relatif à la mise à mort d’êtres humains en contexte funéraire.

Nous avons été amenés à reconsidérer la documentation iconographique (tablettes de Djer et de Aha) et archéologique (Abydos et Saqqara) et à analyser la relation établie entre sacrifices humains et formation de l’Etat.
Capacités cognitives, représentations visuelles du message et naissance de l’écriture en Egypte
Authors: Crubézy Eric
Published: April 2022

Pour certains égyptologues ou linguistes l'écriture serait apparue brusquement en Egypte. Pour des chercheurs relevant des neurosciences elle aurait certainement été précédée d'une phase de maturation car c'est une évolution cognitive majeure de l'homme. Nous avons testé cette dernière hypothèse dans le cadre de l'étude de la nécropole prédynastique d'Adaïma. Il apparaît que de nombreuses offrandes et la façon dont elles étaient mises en place aux côtés du cadavre renvoient directement aux données biologiques (âge, sexe, pathologie) et culturelles (mobilier hautement symbolique) du défunt. Elles permettent de soupçonner une pensée analytique particulièrement aiguisée dans deux domaines celui de l'élite et celui du portrait. Le passage du portrait aux idéogrammes semble se placer dans une évolution linéaire ; les phonogrammes seraient apparus dans le devoir de précision du portrait au nom propre, cristallisé par le pouvoir royal et le pharaon.
Hieroglyphic Writing During the Fourth Millennium BC : an Analysis of Systems
Authors: Kahl Jochem
Published: April 2022

During the last ten years the number of published inscriptions from the time before the 1st Dynasty has almost tripled. The main reason is the discovery and publication of the early inscriptions from Tomb U-j (ca. 3320 BC) at Umm el-Qacab/Abydos (Naqada IIIa2/Naqada IIIA1). The 525 inscriptions known at present and dating before the 1st Dynasty allow an insight into the origins of hieroglyphic writing — in respect to writing materials and literacy as well as concerning the spelling of words and the stock of signs.

The distribution of inscriptions increased in course of time before the 1st Dynasty. For the reign of Nar-mer inscriptions from 17 sites are already attested. Due to circumstantial evidence, it can also be proved that there was a large official group of working scribes as well.

Words were written in different sign sequences. A tendency to standardization was not yet ascertainable. The Horus name of king Nar-mer, for example, was attested in 15 different spellings. The choice of a spelling, however, did not happen haphazardly in spite of the multiplicity of possibilities. Thus, the longer form of Nar-mer’s name was especially reproduced on representative objects, but the shorter form „Nar“ on more functional substrates.

An examination of the existence of certain functions for the hieroglyphic signs shows, on one hand, that the hieroglyphic writing system was already in use during the time of Tomb U-j, with many characteristics that are known from later periods (logograms, determinatives and phonograms). On the other hand, some characteristics are still missing (phonetic complements and some principles of the creation of logograms). In particular, a syllabary was present only in a rudimentary way before the middle of the 1st Dynasty. Thus hieroglyphic writing existed in a „fully developed" form during the reign of Den, but in a „fully developed" form only at the beginning of the 3rd Dynasty.

From the time before Tomb U-j, hieroglyphic writing in its proper sense is not yet known. On the one hand, signs in combination are missing, and on the other hand, the rebus principle is not yet recognizable. Nevertheless, it is probable that at least a short time before Tomb U-j was equipped, the use of writing already existed however no evidence of it has survived.
Egyptian Elements and Influence on the Early Bronze Age I of the Southern Levant. Recent excavations, Research and Publications
Authors: Van den Brink Edwin C. M. , Braun Elliot
Published: April 2022

Recent archaeological activity has yielded much new information and many new data on the degree of Egyptian influence in the material culture of the Early Bronze I period in the southern Levant (ca. 3500 BC to 3000 BC). This paper briefly discusses major increments in knowledge of this subject derived from the archaeological record, while outlining both old and new directions in research derived from them.
L’occupation paléolithique de l’île de Sai : résultats de trois campagnes de prospection 1996-1998
Authors: Van Peer Philip , Herman Charles Frank
Published: April 2022

Cet article présente un compte-rendu du Paléolithique de l’île de Saï d’après les résultats préliminaires de trois campagnes de prospection de surface. De nombreuses occurrences de matériel lithique préhistorique, souvent en concentrations considérables et bien délimitées, ont été retrouvées lors des prospections. Certains de ces sites sont actuellement en cours de fouille et le présent article ne prend pas en compte les résultats de ces études approfondies. Notre intention est de dresser ici un bilan général de l’occupation paléolithique dans son contexte stratigraphique à partir des observations de terrain de ces quelques semaines de prospection intensive. Nous tenons à insister sur le fait que c’est notre regretté ami Francis Geus qui nous a invités à Saï pour l’étude du Paléolithique. Avec clairvoyance, il avait très bien compris que là, il y avait un potentiel d’étude scientifique qui n’avait pas du tout été abordé. Nous dédions cet article à sa mémoire.
The Helwan Cemetery
Authors: Köhler E. Christiana
Published: April 2022

The Early Dynastic necropolis at Helwan has produced a significant number of tombs, which allow for insights into the architecture and chronological development of private funerary architecture in Egypt. The architectural and material characteristics of substructures of the two common types as well as the mastaba superstructures of these tombs suggest that while general trends can be observed, there is a high degree of variability among the early tombs. This is particularly obvious when considering the unusual quantity of large, monolithic limestone that was employed in the construction of a small number of elite tombs at Helwan. This form of construction also sheds light on the high level of expertise of the early engineers in the Memphite region as they laid the foundations for monumental stone architecture in Egypt.
Des animaux et des hommes en Égypte au Néolithique et Prédynastique : les apports de l’archéozoologie
Authors: Lesur Joséphine
Published: April 2022

Les périodes du Néolithique et du Prédynastique en Égypte sont le théâtre de grands bouleversements tant climatiques et environnementaux que culturels. Ils provoquent, entre autres, de profonds changements dans les rapports de l’homme et de la nature. L’agriculture et l’élevage deviennent ainsi progressivement les bases de l’économie alimentaire même si les ressources sauvages, et notamment les poissons, demeurent essentielles dans la consommation. Le statut des animaux va également évoluer et qu’elles soient sauvages ou domestiques, certaines espèces vont intégrer la sphère symbolique, funéraire et bientôt religieuse. Ce sont les différentes manifestations de ces évolutions qu’illustre ce travail à partir de quelques exemples archéozoologiques issus des principaux sites égyptiens de cette époque.
Réflexions sur le stockage alimentaire en Égypte, de la Préhistoire aux premières dynasties
Authors: Dachy Tiphaine
Published: April 2022

The late and original way in which Egypt adopted the food production economy was rapidly followed by the birth of a strongly hierarchic state society from the 4th millennium BC. Anthropology emphasizes the role of food storage in the birth of social hierarchy, some authors considering it to be at the roots of inequalities. A technological approach of the different ways of storing shows the variety of their social implications. An examination of archaeological data reveals that the use of underground anaerobic silos allowed the seasonal mobility of the first farmers like those of the Fayum. On the contrary, the storage in built granaries implies sedentism and allows stranglehold on the food supply by some individuals. There is a correlation between the appearance of this form of storage and the accentuation of the social hierarchy in Egypt. Control over these granaries is valued through funerary goods by the elites of the first dynasties.
Le phénomène tasien : un état de la question
Authors: Ehrenfeld Maude
Published: April 2022

Cet article se propose de faire un historique de la question et une présentation des données actuellement disponibles sur le Tasien, la première culture prédynastique de la vallée du Nil, dont l’existence même fut longtemps discutée. Les informations relatives aux sites choisis dans le cadre de cette étude sont très inégales, l’auteur étant tributaire des données plus ou moins précises, mais aussi des pistes de réflexion des inventeurs ou archéologues des sites de la vallée du Nil dans son sens large (jusqu’au Soudan actuel) et des déserts.
The Early Hieroglyphic Annotation in the Nag el-Hamdulab Rock Art Tableaux, and the Following of Horus in the Northwest Hinterland of Aswan
Authors: Coleman Darnell John
Published: April 2022

Les panneaux d’art rupestre qui constituent le grand cycle de gravures de Nag el-Hamdulab, sur la rive ouest du Nil, à environ 6 km au nord d’Assouan, représentent une cérémonie qui s’est tenue à l’aube de la dynastie 0 et la de la Ire dynastie. Une annotation hiéroglyphique au début du panneau principal (tableau 7a), tout comme le style iconographique de l’ensemble, incitent à dater ce cycle du règne de Narmer. Les quatre signes qui composent le texte semblent décrire un rituel, apparemment la «Suite d’Horus» , qui impliquait à la fois la confi rmation du pouvoir rituel royal et la levée de taxes dans des zones marginales du pays. Dans le cycle de Nag el-Hamdulab, le roi apparaît ainsi pour la première fois comme superviseur et comme objet d’une cérémonie comprenant des éléments rituels, administratifs et fiscaux.
Golden beads in the context of the Lower Egyptian culture
Authors: Dębowska-Ludwin Joanna , Rosińska-Balik Karolina , Czarnowicz Marcin
Published: April 2022

L’or a une grande puissance et pendant des siècles a été considéré comme un marqueur de statut très particulier pour de nombreuses sociétés à travers le monde. Les premiers objets fabriqués dans cette matière appartenaient à des parures personnelles, et le plus souvent étaient façonnés sous forme de perles. Parmi les plus anciens exemples d’objets en or découverts en Égypte, certains sont associés à la culture de Basse Égypte. Des perles découvertes à Tell el-Farkha ont ainsi été analysées afin de déterminer leur composition chimique, les détails de leur fabrication ainsi que leurs formes caractéristiques, tout comme d’autres exemplaires provenant de contextes similaires (Kôm el-Khilgan, Minshat Abou Omar et Gerzeh). Fait intéressant, indépendamment de leurs liens culturels, toutes les perles en or examinées présentent de nombreuses similitudes, notamment en termes de techniques d’orfèvrerie. Les observation et les particularités des objets étudiés mènent à la conclusion que tous auraient une origine commune et ont été distribués sur un vaste territoire grâce aux échanges commerciaux.
On-going Investigations at the Predynastic to Early Dynastic site of Kafr Hassan Dawood: Copper, Exchange and Tephra
Authors: Hassan Fekri A. , Tassie Geoffrey John , Rehren Thilo , Van Wetering Joris
Published: April 2022

Continued analysis of material – primarily ceramic – excavated during the 1990s at the Predynastic to Early Dynastic cemetery site of Kafr Hassan Dawood (KHD) in the Wadi Tumilat has allowed seven phases of use to be identified. This process has been greatly helped by the acquisition of further archival material of the 1989 to 1995 excavations. The assigning of these phases was also aided by the dating of tephra from a layer covering First Dynasty graves ; it has provided a terminus post quem for certain graves dug into this layer in the south of the site that did not have any grave goods and has also given a terminus ante quem for all the graves below this layer. Archaeometallurgical analysis of a copper bowl from grave 913 has shown that it was made of arsenical copper, which probably came from the Sinai. The large amount of copper artefacts found at KHD may indicate its function as a node on the interregional exchange network between the Sinai and the Memphite region.
Gebel Sheikh Suleiman: a First Dynasty relief after all…
Authors: Somaglino Claire , Tallet Pierre
Published: April 2022

Cet article propose de réexaminer le relief bien connu mais étonnamment peu étudié du Gebel Sheikh Suleiman en Nubie, à l’extrémité nord de la Deuxième Cataracte, près des sites du Moyen Empire de Kor et Buhen. L’article se compose d’une étude approfondie des représentations et inscriptions les plus anciennes gravées sur le bloc. Les auteurs suggèrent que la scène principale pourrait être datée du règne du roi Djer de la Ire dynastie, mais d’après des critères différents de ceux utilisés par Arkell, qui a le premier publié le relief en 1950. Il apparaît également que l’iconographie de la scène a été soigneusement choisie et est extrêmement proche de celle des principaux monuments connus pour les débuts de la royauté égyptienne, dans une tentative d’exprimer la domination égyptienne sur une zone déjà contrôlée par le Groupe A.
El género musical en la actualidad: reflexiones ante un contexto digital y globalizado
Authors: Fellone Ugo
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se aborda el modo en el que los géneros musicales tienden a operar en el contexto actual, dominado por los procesos de globalización y digitalización del capitalismo neoliberal. Estos han provocado que los géneros se articulen por medio de dos fuerzas aparentemente antagónicas, pero que se necesitan entre sí: la generificación y la individualización. Para comprender el modo en el que ambas operan se analizará su impacto en la producción, intermediación, infomediación y consumo de la música. Con este texto se pretende reflexionar sobre el modo en el que todas las músicas (sin importar su origen o estatus) son susceptibles de convertirse en géneros musicales, siguiendo la manera en la que desde las músicas populares urbanas occidentales se ha entendido este concepto.
Influencing Factors of the Back Care-related Behavior Among Female Schoolchildren: A Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Akbari-Chehrehbargh Zahra , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Montazeri Ali
Published: April 2022

Background: Back pain is one of the most important public health problems that is on the rise among the schoolchildren’s population. The aim of this study was to determine cognitive factors related to back care-related behavior based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) among female schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was directed among 5th-grade female students through a convenience method. Structured questionnaire data were collected from 610 students attending public elementary schools in Tehran, Iran from October 2018 to March 2019. The initial model was formulated based on the SCT. Based on these data, the hypothesized model was confirmed via a structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS (version 24.0) and LISREL (version 8.80). Results: The skills (r=0.73, t-value=13.42), self-efficacy (r=0.87, t-value=15.51), and expectation beliefs (r=0.61, t-value=6.68) were verified as key cognitive factors that cause a back behavior. Finally, various indicators such as comparative fit index, normed fit index, and root mean squared error of approximation demonstrated the fitness of the models (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that those schoolchildren having more self-efficacy, skills, and expectation beliefs are more likely to do proper back behavior. In this regard, school-based back pain prevention interventions should further focus on predefine key cognitive factors that consider the potential change strategies.