bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serotype-specific Differences among Patients of Dengue Fever Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Samadarshi Samir , Kritya Mangesh , Singh Santosh Kumar , Parashar Deepti , Maurya Priyanshi
Published: June 2024

Context:

Dengue is the most prevalent vector-borne disease affecting 100–400 million individuals every year. Dengue virus (DENV) has four main serotypes (DENV 1-4) with a 5th one being discovered in Malaysia in 2013. Previous studies have shown DENV 2 and DENV 3 to be the predominant serotypes in the region.

Aim:

We planned to carry out the serotyping of the DENV from the sera of admitted patients to determine the prevailing serotype between October 2022 and December 2022 and study their clinical and laboratory parameters.

Materials and Methods:

All patients admitted to our hospital with an acute febrile illness of 2–7-day duration with a positive dengue serology (NS1 antigen or dengue immunoglobulin M antibody positivity by rapid immunochromatographic card test) were recruited for the study and underwent typing of dengue serotypes by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:

Out of 131 patients, 118 were positive for DENV infection by multiplex RT-PCR. 34.7% had DENV 1, 60.2% had DENV 2, and 5.1% had DENV 3, whereas no cases for DENV 4 were found. The most common clinical features across all serotypes were fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. DENV 2 infection was significantly associated with severe thrombocytopenia (P = 0.010). 71.18% of cases had raised liver transaminases without any significant differences among serotypes. Seven cases had coinfection of dengue and chikungunya virus.

Conclusion:

DENV 2 seems to be the prevalent serotype among patients admitted with dengue fever in Western Maharashtra.
Transfusion-transmitted Malaria in Preterm Newborn Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al Juaid Alaa , Ossenkopp John , Alsulami Abdulsalam O.
Published: June 2024

Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) rarely happens in newborns. The methods used to screen the blood before transfusion vary widely and most techniques used require minimum level of 50 parasites to detect the infection in the blood, which is difficult to achieve in the nonendemic area. In this case report, we reported the first preterm infant with possible TTM in Saudi Arabia. The patient was treated with intravenous artesunate and has favorable outcome. This type of infection requires a high index of suspicion, especially in newborn baby.
Clinical Profile, Intensive Care Unit Course, and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Singh Omender , Juneja Deven , Bhide Madhura
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim:

Active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can occur in up to 36% of critically ill patients. Severe COVID-19 disease has all risk factors that predispose to CMV infection. CMV infection can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality and could be an occult cause of nonimprovement in clinical condition in severe COVID-19 despite all the therapies. We undertook this retrospective analysis to assess the clinical course and outcome of such patients admitted in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care private hospital.

Methodology:

We retrospectively analyzed data from 26 patients admitted to ICU with severe COVID-19 disease with active CMV infection diagnosed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction between April and November 2020. Data regarding type of underlying co morbidities, severity of illness, ICU course, and outcome were obtained.

Results:

The mean age was 58.69 years with a predominantly male population (84.6%). Thirteen (50%) patients had underlying immunocompromised condition with diabetes mellitus being the most common seen in 8 (30.76%) patients. The average sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and APACHDE II score on admission to ICU were 4.23 and 9.08, respectively. The overall hospital mortality rate for this cohort was 50%. Increased mortality was associated with higher SOFA scores (P = 0.04), higher APACHE II scores (P = 0.04) and in patients administered pulse steroids (P = 0.03). Area under the curve was estimated for mortality prediction was highest (0.982) for SOFA score and the lowest for CMV copies (0.69). There was no association between mortality and number of CMV copies and treatment with anti-CMV therapies.

Conclusions:

The data give an insight into risk factors, clinical course and outcomes of CMV infection in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Further studies are required to establish a cause–effect relationship between CMV infection and increased mortality effect of anti-CMV therapies.
Real-World Experience of Tixagevimab–cilgavimab in High-risk, Immunocompromised Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Birk Navina Kapur , Kapur Nandita Chanda , Castellani Henry , Khaw Tiffany , Soman Sana , Jain Saniya , Ramesh Diya , Massoud Louis , Cherian John , Muma Bruce , Ramesh Mayur
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

We aimed to examine the effectiveness of tixagevimab–cilgavimab (Evusheld) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) B.1.1.529, BA.4, and BA.5 surges among high-risk, immunocompromised patients.

Methods:

We performed a cohort analysis of high-risk, immunocompromised patients who were referred for tixagevimab–cilgavimab treatment from January 14, 2022, to August 1, 2022. A descriptive analysis was performed of all patients who met the study inclusion criteria. Primary outcome was the development of COVID-19 infection. Secondary outcome was COVID-19-related mortality.

Results:

There were 620 patients (median age: 65 years) who met inclusion criteria. Patients were followed for a median of 166 days (range: 111–196 days) after administration of tixagevimab–cilgavimab. The primary outcome was met in 33 (5.3%) of patients and there were zero deaths attributable to COVID-19. No adverse events from tixagevimab–cilgavimab were reported.

Conclusions:

Tixagevimab–cilgavimab may be effective in preventing COVID-19 infections in high-risk, immunocompromised individuals.
A Prospective Observational Study on the Association of Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels with Clinical Outcomes among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Facility, South India
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth Mary , kumar Anil , Thaha Ameena , Mary Ann , Kulirankal Kiran G , Nair Sivapriya G , Nair Anjana S , Edathadathil Fabia , Krishnan Sajitha , Moni Merlin , Sathyapalan Dipu T
Published: June 2024

Introduction and Aim:

The COVID-19 pandemic struck the world in a way that had never been seen before, offering significant problems to the health-care system. Vitamin D insufficiency was one of the earliest risk factors to be investigated for a possible link to the development of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The current study aimed to explore the association of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with serum 25(OH)D levels at admission.

Methodology:

This prospective study was conducted on COVID-19-positive patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The correlation of serum 25 hydroxy Vitamin D 25 (OH)D levels with the severity of COVID-19, ventilator requirement, development of sepsis, mortality, and length of stay were assessed.

Results:

Fifty-six subjects with a mean age of 59.89 ± 16.29 years were enrolled in the study. The mean level of 25OHD of the cohort was 18.22 ± 10.11 ng/mL. Overall, 34% (n = 19) had adequate serum 25(OH)D levels, compared to 30.3% (n = 17) who had insufficient and 35.7% (n = 20) who had deficient serum 25(OH)D levels. A trend of lower levels of serum 25(OH)D was present in relation to moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease, use of mechanical ventilation, 28-day all-cause mortality, and incidence of secondary sepsis, although without reaching statistical significance. The correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and D-dimer values demonstrated significantly higher D-dimer levels in patients with low serum 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.025).

Conclusion:

In our study, hypovitaminosis D was not significantly associated with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized patients.
Association of Serum Cholinesterase and Liver Enzymes with Clinical Severity and Outcomes in Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Raghu G. , Savadi Basavaraj V. , Bhagyajyoti  , Rashmi B. M.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning is a medico-toxic emergency that results in multiorgan failure. The primary mechanism of action is by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to disruption in processes of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and microsomal metabolism resulting in liver toxicity. The present study was conducted to explore the prognostic value of serum cholinesterase in predicting severity of organophosphorous compound poisoning and the need for ventilatory support; and to understand the role of aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and bilirubin in assessing the severity of acute organophosphate poisoning.

Methodology:

Hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted among OP poisoning cases at a tertiary hospital in Hubli. Clinical examination was done during the initial resuscitation and treatment of patients. Three milliliter of plain blood was collected on admission before administration of atropine and plasma cholinesterase level, and other biochemical parameters were estimated.

Results:

Sixty-five percent of poisoning cases had >50% of cholinesterase activity with normal grade poisoning. Moderate and severe grade poisonings were present among 3% and 5% of poisoning cases, respectively. Patients with cholinesterase level activity of ≤50% had significantly higher proportions of respiratory failure (77%) and fatal outcomes (33%). Median levels of AST (Q2: 73.2 IU/mL) and ALT were significantly higher (Q2: 22.7 IU/L) among severe grade poisoning (Che: <10%) compared to other grades of poisoning.

Conclusion:

The assessment of cholinesterase level activity in OP poisoning would be a useful guide to the physician for planning of intensive care, duration of hospital stay, and clinical prognosis. Serum AST and ALT levels can also contribute as supportive biomarkers to assess the severity, chances of respiratory failure, and clinical outcomes of OP poisoning.
A Rare Anatomical Variation of Upper Multiple Impacted Third Molar
Authors: Dhoke Bhavesh , Gaikwad Prashansa , Nyahatkar Sidhanti
Published: June 2024

The third molar is the most commonly impacted tooth which is the cause of pain and discomfort in the second and third decade of life. Therefore, it is the commonly carried out minor surgical procedure which helps remove the cause of discomfort and pain. However, few cases may show no related signs and symptoms and such multiple impacted tooth is found accidently on radiographic findings. This can be removed to avoid discomfort or pain or any pathology in the subsequent period of time. In this case report, we discuss about the multiple impacted upper third molar in a patient, which showed a unique anatomical variation.
E-professionalism and Health-care Professionals
Authors: Kamaraj Kavya Ganesh , Shavi Girish R. , Shanmugam Shankar , Sennan Senthil Kumar , Lalithambigai Gunasekaran , Rajan Jennifer Monisha
Published: June 2024

The fast rise and widespread use of online social networking platforms, which are accessed by millions of people, provide significant ethical and professional issues for practitioners. The usage of online social networking forums has grown in popularity, particularly across the younger generation of physicians and patients. To find the most recent literature regarding this subject, the present review made the use of Web of Science, PubMed (Medline), and Google Scholar (as a search engine). The searches were conducted using the following search terms: professionalism, social media, social networks, Internet, Web 2.0, eHealth, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok; included in the title or abstract or keywords. The search was restricted to studies published in English from 2009 to 2021. In this article, we explore the ethical issues that have arisen as a result of the increased usage of online social networking platforms in the patient–doctor interaction as well as the way these social media tools can be equipped for the improvement of health education and health care.
Conservative Management of Duodenal Intraperitoneal Contained Perforation Due to Neglected Double-pigtail Plastic Biliary Stent
Authors: Zumu Mhasisielie , Arun R. S. , Rao Nageshwara , Kumar S Krishna
Published: June 2024

Management of neglected biliary plastic stent complications can be challenging in high-risk individuals. Most cases of duodenal perforation are managed either surgically or with endotherapy. We present a rare case of neglected double-pigtail plastic biliary stent presenting with duodenal perforation, postpandemic, which was managed conservatively.
A Rare Case Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis to Calcaneum Bone
Authors: Paramasivan Piramanayagam , Kondareddy Vijay Kishore , Ramakrishnan Deepa , Kannan Deepak , George Anna , Sharma Megha
Published: June 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Bone metastases from HCC are infrequent, with a reported incidence ranging from 3 to 20% with extremely poor prognosis. HCC with bone metastases is very aggressive with a low incidence rate of detection. Here we report a HCV related chronic liver disease with s/p EVL, presenting with a history of pain over his heel which on further evaluation diagnosed to be a calceneum metastasis from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Association between Dental Health Status and Changing Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns among Selected Population of Shimla (Himachal Pradesh, India)
Authors: Sehrawat Jagmahender Singh , Rana Manisha , Thakur Shubham
Published: June 2024

Background:

The change in food consumption patterns with greater reliance on junk and processed foods is more often related to lifestyle disorders nowadays. Dental health status is a clear indicator of lifestyle choices as well as major changes in the lifestyle.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the present study was to assess the dental health status of individuals of Shimla (Himachal Pradesh, India) on the basis of their primary dental check-up and the interview-based data.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 301 individuals (152 males and 149 females) were examined for dental caries, dental plaque, and periodontal diseases among them followed by an interview session inquiring about their dietary intake and lifestyle patterns. The frequency distribution for each state was calculated for each tooth type, and statistical analyses were done.

Results:

The number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth of each subject resulted in the calculation of average decayed-missing-filled teeth index as 1.5182. The calculated significant caries index and plaque index were found as 3.06 and 1.2872, respectively. The maxillary teeth (59.2% and 43.62% in males and females, respectively) were more affected than the mandibular teeth (37.5% and 47.5% in males and females, respectively). The survey showed that the most affected teeth by caries were first premolars and first molars (22.36% of males and 30.87% of females showed caries in their first premolars; 25% of males and 15.43% of females showed caries in their first molars).

Conclusion:

The overall dental health status revealed that females had more deteriorated dental health conditions than males, though the difference in the frequencies was not statistically significant. Dietary survey has revealed that their diet includes a high amount of sugar content along with carbonated drinks and junk food.
Comprehensive Oral Rehabilitation Amidst COVID-19 Times with General Anaesthesia in the Primary Dentition in Children with Frankel's Definitely Negative Behaviour
Authors: M. Chengappa D. M. M. , Angrish Paras , Mitra Rajat , Jayan Balakrishna , Rathore Mrinalini
Published: June 2024

Accomplishing complete dental rehabilitation in a young child requires extra efforts, primarily because of the need to make use of behavior modification techniques, especially in the children requiring extensive dental procedures. Pharmacological means are sought when nonpharmacological techniques fail. General anesthesia (GA) comes to rescue in such cases. The applicability of GA in pediatric dentistry has been researched a lot and found to be effective. The case reports describe the challenges faced in managing the mutilated dentition in two children with Frankel's behavior rating as 1 (definitely negative behavior), in the midst of a pandemic where the pediatric dentist had to take care of the parental anxiety related to the child's oral conditions along with the concern of safety protocols followed in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Complete oral rehabilitation was accomplished for both the children under GA.
Herpes Simplex Virus-1, Epstein–Barr Virus, and Human Cytomegalovirus in the Saliva of Periodontally Diseased Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women
Authors: Khinda Paramjit Kaur , Rao Dinesh , Singh Sodhi Surender Pal , Mehta Anita , Salaria Sanjeev Kumar
Published: June 2024

Context:

Periodontal disease is commonly found among pregnant women. Viruses may play a key role in the etiology of periodontal disease through a variety of mechanisms that work alone or in tandem. Many researchers have explored the possible role of herpes viruses in periodontal disease, but extremely limited studies have evaluated the effect of pregnancy on herpes viruses in women with periodontal disease.

Aims and Objectives:

To study the effect of pregnancy on herpes simplex virus-1, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus in women with periodontal disease and to evaluate the presence of herpes viruses within the saliva of pregnant and nonpregnant women with periodontal disease.

Settings and Design:

The study design involves a cross-sectional analytical study.

Materials and Methods:

The study consisted of 50 females aged between 18 and 35 years. Group I comprised pregnant women at any gestational age with periodontal disease and Group II comprised nonpregnant women with periodontal disease. The clinical parameters assessed were plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. Nonstimulated whole saliva was utilized for the detection of three herpes viruses by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The categorical variables and research parameters were compared using the Chi-squared test and the Student'st-test.

Results:

Both groups tested positive for the three herpes viruses, but only a significant increase was observed in EBV in Group I participants on the intergroup comparison.

Conclusions:

The presence of EBV in the saliva of women with periodontal disease was found to be more likely during pregnancy.
Re-Mineralization Capability of Two Natural Nano-Plant Extracts on Early Enamel Caries using Diode Laser
Authors: Moharam Lamiaa Mahmoud , Sadony Doaa Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Background:

To investigate diode laser application and two natural nano-plant extracts effect on the re-mineralization and surface micro-hardness of early enamel carious lesions.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty enamel specimens were selected and prepared then divided into eight groups (10 specimens per group), according to diode laser irradiation, two nano-plant extracts (garlic and clove nano-plant extracts) and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, that were applied to demineralized enamel surfaces as follows; Group A; garlic nano-plant extract, Group B; clove nano-plant extract, Group C; application of APF gel, Group D; garlic nano-plant extract + diode laser, Group E; clove nano-plant extract + diode laser, Group F; application of APF gel + diode laser, Group G; diode laser, Group H; early enamel caries (control). Specimens were examined for their content of Ca, P, and F ions and their surface Vickers micro-hardness. The tests used for the statistical analysis were one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's (honestly significant difference) post hoc tests.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was detected between the tested groups for Ca and P content, while Group A recording the highest mean value. Group C recorded the highest F ion content values, while G and H groups recorded the least values. Group F recorded the highest significant micro-hardness values, while Group H recorded the least values.

Conclusions:

Garlic and clove nano-plant extracts may present a promising enamel re-mineralizing agents. Combination of both nano-extracts with diode laser application had a positive influence on enamel chemistry and micro-hardness.
Oral Health Beahviour of the Endangered Toto Tribe of North Bengal
Authors: Mukherjee Sudarshana , Banerjee Sohini , Biswas Chhanda , Bandopadhyay P.K.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The Toto tribe is a small tribal population who inhabit a tiny hamlet on the northern fringe of the state of West Bengal and is on the verge of extinction. They have their unique oral health behaviour and oral hygiene habits. Aims and Objectives: To study their unique oral health behaviours and traditional oral hygiene habits untouched by civilization.

Material and Methods:

A sum total of 515 adult Toto Populations were participated and observed for their oral health behaviour by means of door to door survey and OHI-S was recorded.

Results:

The prevalence of deleterious oral habits was found to be very high among this population with only 4.1% abstaining from any kind of oral habits. The most popular habit among this population was the chewing of betel nut(91.6%).

Discussion:

The study showed a unique blend of unchanged tribal habits and that of the practises and oral heath behaviour of primitive tribe.
Sports Dentistry
Authors: Kumari Alpana , Kundra Ruchika , Kumar Rajesh , Thomas Abi M.
Published: June 2024

Sports is a form of recreation that helps people to get away with everyday stress. It is also associated with the risk of traumatic injury, especially in case of contact sports. Dental injuries that are caused due to sports mostly involve the maxillofacial region. Out of all the sports-related dental injuries, the most complex injury is tooth avulsion and should be considered as real emergency. Protection from sports-related orofacial injuries currently comes in the form of three shielding equipment, namely mouthguards, facemasks, and helmets. Sports dentistry, being the most recent and upcoming field in dentistry, inculcates the prevention, maintenance, and treatment of oral and facial injuries. Dentists must have sound clinical knowledge regarding sports-related dentofacial injuries and should make it a point to inform parents regarding the orofacial injury caused due to sports and regarding various preventive measures that are available.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of School Teachers Regarding Dental Caries for School Children in Navi Mumbai, India
Authors: Patil Devendra , Khakhar Pooja , Katge Farhin , Bhanushali Nikhil , Bhanushali Parin , Deshpande Shantanu
Published: June 2024

Background:

Schools form a platform for molding habits in children, and teachers have a potential role in school-based dental education programs.

Aim:

The objective of this study was to evaluate level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of school teachers regarding dental caries in children in schools of Navi Mumbai.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among school teachers in Navi Mumbai. A total of 554 teachers completed the questionnaire, which included questions on demographic data, knowledge about etiology of dental caries, its prevention, their attitude, practice, and role of teachers in the management of dental caries. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

Results:

A total of 554 school teachers filled the questionnaire. The number of female teachers (84.8%) was very high as compared to male teachers. Approximately 60% of study population considered bacteria and amount of sweets consumed as the cause of dental caries. More than 52% considered eating less sugar as one of the ways to prevent caries. Furthermore, 57.4% of teachers were willing to implement future training programs on caries prevention.

Conclusion:

Knowledge regarding dental caries among school teachers in Navi Mumbai was adequate. Teachers were willing to participate in oral health promotion training programs.
Awareness about Loose Tobacco Ban among Tobacco Users and Vendors
Authors: Ezhumalai Sinu
Published: June 2024

Background:

Ban on smoking in public places reduced the number of smokers considerably. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2, tobacco use is decreased by 3% in Karnataka. However, the loose sale of tobacco products encourages the practice as tobacco users continue to use tobacco by purchasing loose tobacco products. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the compliance of loose tobacco ban in Bidar city of Karnataka.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the compliance on loose tobacco ban in Bidar City.

Methods:

The exploratory research design was used. The study was cross-sectional and community based in nature.

Sample Size:

98; 50 vendors and 48 consumers were randomly selected using the time-cluster sampling. Data were collected from 22 different locations using the observation and interview method within 2 km radius of Bidar City. Two separate pretested and predesigned semi-structured interview schedules were administered to tobacco users and vendors. The study was carried out in November 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Statistical analysis was done using the percentages and frequency tables.

Results:

Majority (96%) of the tobacco users were unaware of loose tobacco ban in Karnataka and prefer to buy cigarettes in loose. Four percent of tobacco users were aware that loose tobacco is banned. Majority of (76%) tobacco users think buying a full pack of cigarettes would increase smoking. There is absolutely no compliance on loose tobacco ban by tobacco vendors.
To Determine Therapeutic Effect of Curcuma Gel on Gingivitis as an Adjunct to Scaling
Authors: Devarathnamma M. V. , Pangarikar Anunay Bhaskarrao , Parab Prachi Gurunath , Aspalli Shivanand , Guttiganur Nagappa , Rangappa Janavathi
Published: June 2024

Context:

Gingivitis is among the most prevalent periodontal disease occurring in the oral cavity, which is plaque induced and if untreated, can progress to periodontitis. Various adjunct chemotherapeutic agents are available for plaque control with their own pros and cons. Hence, a plaque-controlling therapeutic agent which is readily available at low cost and without any side effects is the need of the hour. According to the ancient texts, Ayurveda and the traditional culture of India, Curcuma longa is used externally for inflammation of skin and mucosa.

Aims:

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of curcuma gel on gingival health and its possible usage in the treatment of gingivitis.

Settings and Design:

This study comprises hundred participants with gingivitis which were divided randomly in two groups.

Subjects and Methods:

Experimental group – Scaling and topical application of curcuma gel and control group – Scaling alone without the topical application of curcuma gel. Clinical parameters (Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Plaque Index) were assessed at different time intervals (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) in both experimental and control groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Within groups, a repeated measures ANOVA model was used for repeated observations over a period which is followed by the Dunnett test for multiple comparisons. Experimental and control groups were compared for normally distributed data by Student's t-test. Whereas for skewed data, the Wilcoxon test or Mann–Whitney U-test was employed.

Results:

Statistically significant improvement of gingival health parameters was seen in the group which received topical curcuma oral gel application after scaling compared with the control group.

Conclusions:

Significant improvement in clinical parameters of gingivitis on the application of Curcuma oral gel after scaling with no obvious adverse effects suggesting its possible use as a topical adjunct treatment in clinical or community level prevention as well as treatment programs in the future.
Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Analysis of Oral Leukoplakia in Patna
Authors: Kumar Madhuresh , Singh Manisha , Suwasini S.
Published: June 2024

Background:

The early detection of oral potentially malignant disorder can reduce the transformation risk to oral squamous cell carcinoma, thereby reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.

Aim:

To obtain epidemiological information of oral leukoplakia (OL) and distribution of this disease in Patna.

Subjects and Methods:

Data were collected and analyzed for prevalence of OL among gender, age group, various oral sites, habits, and clinical and histopathological basis.

Results:

The overall prevalence shows high incidence of homogenous leukoplakia along with mild dysplasia in middle age male persons.

Conclusion:

Appropriate steps should be taken for early intervention, as it is the key to effective prevention.
Surgical Excision of an Inverted-Y Frenum
Authors: Ojha Moitri , Rao Deepika Pawar Chandrashekara , Shashikumar Pratibha , Madhushree JT
Published: June 2024

Frenula of the oral cavity consist of the labial, buccal, or lingual frenum. They are folds of mucous membrane enclosing connective tissue. Clinically, an abnormal/aberrant frenum can pull the gingival margins causing recession, plaque accumulation, pocket formation, or midline diastema. Furthermore, in edentulous ridges, high frenal attachment can interfere with the denture margins affecting its stability. Frenotomy and frenectomy are common surgical approaches for such conditions. This case report highlights the frenectomy of inverted-Y frenula with a wide base as a means of preprosthetic surgery.
The bridge connecting sella turcica and palatally impacted canine
Authors: Aggarwal Isha , Pradhan Ashwin , Mittal Sanjay , Bhullar Mandeep Kaur , Sachdeva Aman , Setia Merry
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The calcification of sella trucica bridge might be positively associated with canine impaction, the reason being that sella turcica, dental epithelial progenitor cells along with maxilla, palatal, and frontonasal development share a common embryological origin (neural crest cells). Therefore their assessment might provide useful clinical information in predicting palatal canine impaction.

Aim:

To evaluate the calcification of sella turcica bridging in patients with palatally impacted canine.

Materials and method:

A total of 21 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of patients with palatally impacted canine and 29 patients with normally erupted canine were selected for the study. Lateral cephalograms of the patients were acquired and landmark were identified and marked. Various Sella values (sella length/interclinoid distance, sella depth, sella diameter) were measured. The values obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis.

Result:

Suggested that patients with a palatally impacted canine showed smaller interclinoid distance. The frequency of sella bridging was significantly higher in subjects with canine impaction than in controls (P <0.001).

Conclusion:

Sella bridging is frequently found in palatally impacted canines. The smaller intercliniod distance could be an indicative factor for diagnosis of palatal canine impaction.
Assessment of Eruption Disturbances in the Mixed Dentition Phase of a Population in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saha Nilanjana , Sil Shiladitya , Ghosh Subhankar
Published: June 2024

Context:

Eruption disturbances in the primary dentition resulting from environmental and genetic factors can eventually lead to complex anomalies in permanent dentition. If intercepted at an early stage, such anomalies in the permanent dentition can be averted.

Aim:

In this study, the most common eruption disturbances in the mixed dentition phase have been highlighted in an ethnic group in Eastern India.

Materials and Methods:

Three thousand children between the ages of 6 and 12 years were randomly chosen with 1330 children in the experimental group and 1670 in the control group. The entire population was divided into two age groups – 6–9 years and 10–12 years. The experimental group had 680 males and 650 females. A total of nine parameters were identified that included premature loss of deciduous teeth, over-retained primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, congenital absence of permanent teeth, ankylosis, eruption cysts, etc.,

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Chi-square test was used for the analysis.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were observed for each of the parameters considered in this study with respect to the two age groups, namely 6–9 years and 10–12 years, and gender, namely male and female, of the experimental group with P < 0.01%.

Conclusion:

Accurate understanding of the pattern of eruption disturbances in the mixed dentition period of any ethnic group and/or population is imperative for timely intervention and/or referral by primary care dentists so that malocclusion in the permanent dentition can be intercepted and corrected, thereby improving the quality of life index for that ethnic group/population.
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Habitual Gutkha and Areca Nut Chewer in Bihar Population
Authors: Chauhan Rashi , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Kriti , Rani Khushboo , Anand Kumar , Tiwari Aparajita
Published: June 2024

Background:

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) among habitual gutkha, areca nut, and pan chewers of Bihar population.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted of 3000 adult patients aged over 15 years who visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital. They were subjected to a thorough oral examination, and the bindings were recorded in the prescribed WHO Pro forma.

Results:

Our study revealed that the prevalence of OSMF was 1.6%. The prevalence among males was 2.60% and among females was 0.16%. All the 243 cases (100%) were associated with areca nut habits.

Conclusion:

Educating the population about the deleterious effects of the practice of tobacco and related habits on the body in general and the oral cavity. It is hoped that this study would serve as a reference for further epidemiological studies on the abovementioned lesion in this region.
Push-out Bond Strength of Alkasite Restorative Material and Bulk-fill Composite Used with Universal Adhesive System
Authors: Goyal Nikita , Bogra Poonam , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Singh S. Vijay , Goyal Radhika , Bogra Madhur
Published: June 2024

Context:

Nowadays, dentists use tooth-colored materials extensively, but the bond strength of these materials with teeth is crucial to determine their long-span durability. As a result, the bond strength of these materials must be assessed.

Aims:

This study aimed to compare the push-out bond strength of alkasite restorative material and bulk-fill composite when used with a universal adhesive system.

Settings and Design:

In vitro study to determine the push-out bond strength with a universal testing machine.

Subjects and Methods:

Forty extracted mandibular molars were taken and their occlusal surface was wet grounded with silicon carbide paper so that a smooth dentin surface was obtained. Class I cavities were prepared with a template to standardize the size of the preparation. Teeth were divided into Group I and Group II of 20 teeth each. Alkasite restorative material was used in Group I, and nanohybrid bulk-fill composite was used in Group II. Restored samples were sliced into 2 mm thick sections and examined for push-out bond strength.

Results:

Push-out bond strength of Cention-N was 201.25 and the composite was 163.69, and the results were statistically significant (P = 0.017).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Unpaired t-test.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that alkasite material had more push-out bond strength than bulk-fill composite when used with a universal adhesive system.
Radix Entomolaris with “Three Distal Canals
Authors: Jayakumar Srilekha , Ambalavanan Nandhini , Balasubramanian Ramaprabha , Subramanian Anbarasu
Published: June 2024

The intricate and atypical morphology of mandibular molars makes root canal therapy challenging both in diagnosis and during clinical procedure. The clinician should have knowledge on precise nature of the root canal structure and morphology. Better understanding allows good cleaning, shaping, and disinfection of the canal space, followed by its three-dimensional obturation. This paper illustrates the management of radix entomolaris with “three distal canals” in first mandibular molar – a rare entity.
Impact of Oral Diseases on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Older People
Authors: Salim Reethu
Published: June 2024

Context:

Oral diseases are an important public health problem because of their high prevalence, their impact on individuals and society, and the expensive nature of their treatment. The oral health of the older population is a global concern. Major problems include a high prevalence of missing teeth, dental caries, periodontal disease, and wasting diseases. Poor oral health has an influence on the quality of life (QoL) as well. We attempted to assess the impact of oral diseases on oral health-related QoL (OHRQoL) using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire.

Aim:

To investigate the impact of oral diseases on OHRQoL using the GOHAI questionnaires.

Settings and Design:

The study was a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted among the older populations in South Kerala.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a population-based cross-sectional study, in which 399 people participated: 200 were female and 199 were male. People above 60 years of age, who were permanent residents of the district, were recruited for the study. The sampling method used was circular systemic random sampling. Clinical examination was done according to the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form 2013, and OHRQoL was recorded using GOHAI questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies of variables, such as means and standard deviations. The bivariate analysis used Student's t-test to determine the association between variables.

Results:

The mean age of the subjects was 65 ± 5.5 years. Significant associations were found between the psychosocial domain and missing teeth (P < 0.05) and periodontitis (P < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, an association between the pain/discomfort domain was found in denture wear (P < 0.046) and tooth sensitivity (P < 0.003).

Conclusions:

The study found a reduction in the OHRQoL among the study population. The study finding underscores the impact of oral diseases on QoL.
Calpain and Oral Cancer – A Novel Approach to Detect Cancer Cell Invasion
Authors: Shome Sayani , Sil Shiladitya
Published: June 2024

Calpain is a Ca2+ dependent non-lysosomal cytosolic and mitochondrial cysteine protease found in tissue and organ specific manner in human being and in other mammals. It is observed to be an initiator for cancer cell propagation and invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and also a regulator of apoptosis. A concised review on this novice molecule is re-explored based on previous and ongoing studies in the following article.
Prevalence of Gingivitis and Correlation between Frequency of Brushing and Gingivitis in 3- to 15-Year-Old School Children in Rural Parts of Barabanki District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gupta Vertika , Vishwanath Prerna , Tripathi Nalini
Published: June 2024

Background:

In India, the majority population lives in rural areas where there is less awareness on the maintenance of oral health. At the rural level, less work has been done among children to determine the incidence of gingival disease and its relation to the cleaning rate. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the prevalence of gingivitis among these masses.

Aims and Objectives:

The goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of gingivitis and its relation to the frequency of tooth brushing among school-going children between 3 and 15 years of age group in rural areas of Barabanki district, India.

Materials and Methods:

The study was done on a sample size of 1200 school-going children, in which 611 boys and 589 girls are there, from rural schools of Barabanki. The sample consisted of four age groups of children from 3 to 5 years, 6–9 years, 10–12 years, and 13–15 years of age. Gingival Index given by Loe and Silness was used to determine the severity of gingivitis. The data were evaluated using the Chi-square test.

Results:

The overall prevalence of gingivitis obtained was 86.17% and it was highly significant in relation to age groups. On comparing the frequency of brushing and gingivitis in all age groups it was revealed that twice daily brushing was significantly related to healthy gingiva.

Conclusions:

The study revealed a high prevalence rate of gingivitis among children in these age groups indicating oral health program is highly recommended for both parents and school children in rural areas to maintain oral hygiene.
Misdiagnosis or Missed Diagnosis? Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Aided Multidisciplinary Management of Maxillary Central Incisor with Palatogingival Groove
Authors: Amalavathy R. Kurinji , Vidya K.M. , Sarooshi Sonali Nabil , Sahoo Hrudi Sundar
Published: June 2024

Palatogingival groove is a developmental anomaly that is most often seen on maxillary incisors, with a predilection for lateral incisors. It begins in the central groove and can extend to varying lengths and depths into the root. This groove can communicate with the pulp internally and periodontium externally, thereby establishing a milieu for the development of complex endodontic-periodontic lesion. In this article, we report multidisciplinary management of a maxillary central incisor, which was mistaken to be a vertical root fracture instead of a palatogingival groove. We also discuss the significance of early recognition of this lesion, differential diagnosis, and it's interdisciplinary management with the aid of cone-beam computed tomography.
Implant tuberculosis: A rare but possible cause in nonhealing surgical wound!
Authors: Patil Shital , Patil Deepak , Khule Shubhangi
Published: June 2024

Tuberculosis is most commonly involving lungs and less than 20% cases were showing extrapulmonary involvement. Tuberculosis at surgical site is described in medical literature with very few cases in caesarean section surgical incision site. Implant tuberculosis is first time described in literature and is defined as “tuberculosis developed after implantation of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli by artificial means without involvement of primary organ or secondary lymphatic and/or hematogenous dissemination.” Caesarean section delivery is a common method of delivery of baby. Surgical site infections resulting to slowly healing to nonhealing wound are commonly reported and usually depend on various factors. Patient factors are immune status and comorbidities of patient. Hospital management factors such as operation theatre infection control policies, sterilization techniques for surgical instruments, and local wound care methods are established and implemented by hospital staff. In this case report, a 34-year-old female with history of caesarean delivery 1 month back presented with nonhealing wound at surgical site. We have done surgical repair with biopsy of wound margins. Wound discharge microscopy was negative for acid fast bacilli with few Gram-positive cocci. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification testes were positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Histopathology shows tuberculous pathology and underlying chronic infectious process for nonhealing wound. We have offered antituberculosis treatment (ATT) as per protocol and observed healing of tuberculous ulcer after 3 months with reappearance of ulcer in the 4th month of ATT. We have topically applied isoniazid and streptomycin over tuberculous ulcer along with systemic ATT. Tuberculous ulcer has responded and noted “cure” as completely healed surgical wound after 6 months of ATT.
Recurrent syncope with hyponatremia as presentation of COVID-19 viral pneumonia
Authors: Patil Shital , Gondhali Gajanan
Published: June 2024

Syncope is the most common neurological presentation in intensive care setting and has diverse etiological factors ranging from ischemic and nonischemic neurovascular, cardiac dysfunction related, infectious, electrolyte imbalance, inflammatory factors to simple viral fever, and other system-related illnesses. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is known to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications including effects on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and neurovascular systems. In this case report, we have documented a 70-year-old male presented with recurrent syncope with flu-like illness, HRCT thorax suggestive of pneumonia involving bilateral lower lobe, COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive, with abnormal laboratory parameters such as platelet count, CRP, serum sodium, and vitamin B12 level. Further investigations such as echocardiography, MRI brain and MRI angiography, and carotid Doppler were inconclusive. We have observed excellent clinical and radiological response to steroids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and remdesivir with other supportive care in critical care unit.
Pulmonary manifestations of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Sarkar Supriya
Published: June 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that primarily involve skin. Pulmonary involvements are important as they influence the outcome of SSc. Interstitial lung diseases (SSc-ILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), aspiration pneumonia are common pulmonary lung diseases found in SSc.
National TB Elimination Program (NTEP)
Authors: Kundu Susmita , Ghosh Rahul
Published: June 2024

India has the highest burden of tuberculosis worldwide. Over the last six decades there was evolution of national programs on tuberculosis. The present national program on tuberculosis emphasized on elimination and prevention of tuberculosis.
A case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia: Diesel aspiration pneumonitis
Authors: Sharma Anmol , Ranav Sandeep , Kishore Kislay , Chaudhary Robin
Published: June 2024

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia including diesel aspiration pneumonia is a challenging scenario for the physician view varied clinical presentation and no existing treatment guidelines. Clinico-radiological profiling remains the key toward early diagnosis of the condition. We present a case of a 32-year-old car mechanic presenting post accidental aspiration of diesel vehicle while siphoning air from the fuel pipe, a common practice in Indian subcontinent; highlighting the clinical and radiological presentation and therapeutic outcomes of corticosteroids in this case. The case reemphasizes the role of good clinical history, efficient physical examination, early management, and specific radiological evaluation toward management of this entity.