bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSEP DAN AKTUALISASI KERUKUNAN ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 2 HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Usman Harianto , Saban Mariana
Published: September 2022

Inter-religious harmony is a real problem for all time. Inter-religious harmony gots high attention to the importance since the beginning of the development of Islam, both stated in the Qur'an and implied in various behaviors of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The concept of religious harmony has been applied at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Halmahera Utara due the school has students with different various religion background.  The understanding of the right to freedom of religion within the school environment, both between teachers and students as well as students in this school is a shared responsibility, and we live this condition with a full sense of togetherness, harmony and form of service from teachers to students of other religions. Treated the same as Muslim students. This condition is seen as very important to be implemented, maintained and maintained for its sustainability
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PDEODE DAN MODEL PBL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 5 KOTA TERNATE PADA MATERI KALOR
Authors: Gay Sakinah , Sahjat Sumarni , Hamid Fatma
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine: 1) The effectiveness of the physics learning model using the PDEODE (Predict-Discuss-Explain-Observe-Discuss-Explain) learning model and the PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning model on the physics learning outcomes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 5 Kota Ternate Academic Year 2021/2022. 2) Student activities on the implementation of the PDEODE learning model (Predict-Discuss-Explain-Observe-Discuss-Explain) and the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the physics learning outcomes of Class VII students of SMP Negeri 5 Ternate City for the 2021/2022 academic year. The type of research used is experimental and design research. The population in this study were class VII students who were in SMP Negeri 5 Ternate City, amounting to 130 spread over 5 classes and the sample in this study was part of the population, namely 26 students in class VII-4 as the experimental class I by applying the PDEODE learning model and 26 students of class VII-3 as experimental class II by applying the PBL learning model with the research design used is one-group pretest-posttest. The instrument used in this study was a multiple-choice test for cognitive learning outcomes and non-test in the form of student activity sheets. Data analysis used IBM SPSS 20.0, which is a parametric statistical test to test the hypothesis.
SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA SEKOLAH SMA NEGERI DI KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Yusuf Mukhtar , Abdullah Jainudin , Hasan Mansur
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze (1) the implementation of academic supervision of the principals of public high school in Ternate; (2) the obstacles are faced by the principals of public high school in Ternate in carrying out academic supervision and (3) the principals' have an efforts to overcome the obstacles in implementing academic supervision in Public High Schools in Ternate. The approach in this research is qualitative. Data sources: principals, teachers and students. The results of this study indicate that (1) the implementation of academic supervision by the principal of a public high school in Ternate carried out simultaneously according to their functions and roles as supervisors. Activities carried out by school principals as supervisors include developing and strengthening teacher competency capacities within the scope of curriculum development, teaching and learning processes, solving teaching difficulties, teacher mediation in solving teacher and student problems in schools, (2) the obstacles are faced by the principals of  public high school in Ternate to implementing academic supervision is the limited time for the principal in escorting and fostering teachers during the implementation of learning in the classroom, limited school facilities and infrastructure . In addition, some teachers are reluctant to be supervised, they view that supervision is still considered as an effort to reveal the weaknesses of teachers in carrying out their duties and (3) an effort to overcome obstacles in the implementation of academic supervision by principals of public high school in Ternate is to carry out academic strengthening, such as training to increase teachers’ Professional competence and pedagogical teachers in order to improve the quality of education.
Causality between financial development, economic growth, and income inequality in EU countries
Authors: Sotiropoulou Theodora , Georgopoulos Antonios , Giakoumatos Stefanos
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the causality between financial development, economic growth, and income inequality using panel data for 23 European Union countries over the period 1987-2017. Various proxies of financial development are chosen to represent the depth, efficiency, and stability of the banking system and stock markets. For the empirical analysis, the study performs the Granger non-causality test in heterogeneous panels. The findings are contradictory and sensitive to the measures of financial development. Most importantly, the results reveal a one-way causality from financial development to economic growth when private credit, stock market capitalization, net margin interest rate, and Z-score are chosen as financial development indicators. In addition, a two-way causality exists between bank assets, liquid liabilities, non-performing loans, and economic growth, and a one-way causality from economic growth to value traded and turnover ratio. However, the results show no causality between stock price volatility and economic growth. The results indicate a one-way causality running from income inequality to economic growth. Finally, a one-way causality runs from income inequality to financial development for most measures of financial development except for a one-way causality running from private credit to income inequality, a two-way causality between bank assets and inequality, and an absence of causality between income inequality and turnover ratio, Z-score and stock price volatility.
Tackling Unmet Medical Need: How Slow-Release Intra-articular Corticosteroids Could Play a Role in Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Risk in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Conaghan Philip , Simon Lee S.
Published: September 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the fastest growing cause of disability worldwide, but, with few proven therapeutic options, it is an underserved condition. With increasingly ageing populations contributing to a rising global prevalence, this unmet need only threatens to worsen in the coming years. To date, researchers have tried and failed in their bids to develop new ways to treat the pain and loss of function that significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and leaves people vulnerable to accumulating disability and at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), comorbidities, and mortality. Now, a novel way to deliver one of the only proven interventions for pain and inflammation, corticosteroid injections, is on the horizon for knee OA. Slow-release formulations could possibly prolong the clinical benefit of a single injection from 6 weeks to 6 months, providing a new option to improve HrQoL for people with OA, and maybe even breaking the cycle of inflammation that likely contributes to progression.

In this key opinion leader article, Philip Conaghan and Lee Simon discuss OA’s significant Quality of life (QoL) and long-term health impact. They also outline the current, inadequate treatment landscape, and explain how slow-release corticosteroids could potentially help tackle a huge unmet medical need.
Reviving the naïve realist approach to memory
Authors: Sant'Anna André , Barkasi Michael
Published: September 2022

The viability of a naïve realist theory of memory was a lively debate for philosophers of mind in the first half of the twentieth century. More recently, though, naïve realism has been largely abandoned as a non-starter in the memory literature, with representationalism being the standard view held by philosophers of memory. But rather than being carefully argued, the dismissal of naïve realism is an assumption that sits at the back of much recent theorizing in the philosophy of memory. In this paper, we identify three reasons why philosophers of memory have felt compelled to outright reject naïve realism. We argue that none of those reasons are successful. Thus, far from being a non-starter, we argue that naïve realism is a theoretical perspective that needs to be given serious consideration in current philosophy of memory debates.
Computer-assisted modeling of Quorum sensing in bacterial population exposed to antibiotics
Authors: Kuttler Christina , Maslovskaya Anna
Published: September 2022

A mathematical model for bacterial growth and control by antibiotics treatment, including Quorum sensing as a special kind of communication, is introduced. We aim in setting up a flexible model structure allowing for fast simulations and overview about the general behavior. The deterministic approach can be used for in silico studies of bacterial cooperative behavior in the special case of Quorum sensing. Since antibiotic treatment is the basic and vital way to fight pathogenic bacteria, in the present study, we propose a modification of a reaction-diffusion model of communication processes in a bacterial population exposed to antibiotics. The dynamical biological system is formalized by a system of semilinear parabolic PDEs. The numerical solution of the 2D problem is based on a hybrid computing procedure, which includes a finite difference method combined with a Monte-Carlo simulation of population dynamics. Computational experiments are performed to describe space-time distributions of key chemical compounds characterizing Quorum sensing during the growth of a bacterial population and its decrease resulting from the predetermined strategy of antibiotic treatment.
MicroRNA-targeting in male infertility: Sperm microRNA-19a/b-3p and its spermatogenesis related transcripts content in men with oligoasthenozoospermia
Authors: Abu-Halima Masood , Becker Lea Simone , Ayesh Basim M. , Meese Eckart
Published: September 2022

Objective: To elucidate and validate the potential regulatory function of miR-19a/b-3p and its spermatogenesis-related transcripts content in sperm samples collected from men with oligoasthenozoospermia.

Methods: Men presenting at an infertility clinic were enrolled. MicroRNA (miRNA) and target genes evaluation were carried out using in silico prediction analysis, Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation, and Western blot confirmation.

Results: The expression levels of miRNA-19a/b-3p were significantly up-regulated and 51 target genes were significantly down-regulated in oligoasthenozoospermic men compared with age-matched normozoospermic men as determined by RT-qPCR. Correlation analysis highlighted that sperm count, motility, and morphology were negatively correlated with miRNA-19a/b-3p and positively correlated with the lower expression level of 51 significantly identified target genes. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between higher expression levels of miRNA-19a/b-3p and lower expression levels of 51 target genes was observed. Consistent with the results of the RT-qPCR, reduced expression levels of STK33 and DNAI1 protein levels were identified in an independent cohort of sperm samples collected from men with oligoasthenozoospermia.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that the higher expression of miRNA-19a/b-3p or the lower expression of target genes are associated with oligoasthenozoospermia and male infertility, probably through influencing basic semen parameters. This study lay the groundwork for future studies focused on investigating therapies for male infertility.
Relationship between hydrothermal temperatures and structural properties of CeO2 and enhanced catalytic activity of propene/toluene/CO oxidation by Au/CeO2 catalysts
Authors: Eaimsumang Srisin , Chollacoop Nuwong , Luengnaruemitchai Apanee , Taylor Stuart H.
Published: September 2022

A simple hydrothermal synthesis of CeO2 was implemented to obtain a series of CeO2-supported gold (Au) catalysts, used for the total oxidation of propene/toluene/CO gas mixtures and the oxidation of CO. CeO2 preparation started from a cerium hydrogen carbonate precursor using a range of different hydrothermal temperatures (HT) from 120 to 180°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and H2-temperature-programmed reduction data indicated that CeO2 morphology varied with the HT, and was composed of the more active (200) surface. Following Au deposition onto the CeO2 support, this active crystal plane resulted in the most widely dispersed Au nanoparticles on the CeO2 support. The catalytic performance of the CeO2-supported Au catalysts for both oxidation reactions improved as the reducibility increased to generate lattice oxygen vacancies and the number of adsorbed peroxide species on the CeO2 support increased due to addition of Au. The Au catalyst on the CeO2 support prepared at 120°C was the most active in both propene/toluene/CO oxidation and independent CO oxidation.
Effects of immunophilin inhibitors and non-immunosuppressive analogs on coronavirus replication in human infection models
Authors: Berthold Emilia J. , Ma-Lauer Yue , Chakraborty Ashesh , von Brunn Brigitte , Hilgendorff Anne , Hatz Rudolf , Behr Jürgen , Hausch Felix , Staab-Weijnitz Claudia A. , von Brunn Albrecht
Published: September 2022

Rationale

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) seriously affect human health by causing respiratory diseases ranging from common colds to severe acute respiratory diseases. Immunophilins, including peptidyl-prolyl isomerases of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) and the cyclophilin family, are promising targets for pharmaceutical inhibition of coronavirus replication, but cell-type specific effects have not been elucidated. FKBPs and cyclophilins bind the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and cyclosporine A (CsA), respectively.

Methods

Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs) were treated with CsA, Alisporivir (ALV), FK506, and FK506-derived non-immunosuppressive analogs and infected with HCoV-229E. RNA and protein were assessed by RT-qPCR and immunoblot analysis. Treatment with the same compounds was performed in hepatoma cells (Huh-7.5) infected with HCoV-229E expressing Renilla luciferase (HCoV-229E-RLuc) and the kidney cell line HEK293 transfected with a SARS-CoV-1 replicon expressing Renilla luciferase (SARS-CoV-1-RLuc), followed by quantification of luminescence as a measure of viral replication.

Results

Both CsA and ALV robustly inhibited viral replication in all models; both compounds decreased HCoV-229E RNA in phBECs and reduced luminescence in HCoV-229E-RLuc-infected Huh7.5 and SARS-CoV-1-RLuc replicon-transfected HEK293. In contrast, FK506 showed inconsistent and less pronounced effects in phBECs while strongly affecting coronavirus replication in Huh-7.5 and HEK293. Two non-immunosuppressive FK506 analogs had no antiviral effect in any infection model.

Conclusion

The immunophilin inhibitors CsA and ALV display robust anti-coronaviral properties in multiple infection models, including phBECs, reflecting a primary site of HCoV infection. In contrast, FK506 displayed cell-type specific effects, strongly affecting CoV replication in Huh7.5 and HEK293, but inconsistently and less pronounced in phBECs.
ISTRF: Identification of sucrose transporter using random forest
Authors: Chen Dong , Li Sai , Chen Yu
Published: September 2022

Sucrose transporter (SUT) is a type of transmembrane protein that exists widely in plants and plays a significant role in the transportation of sucrose and the specific signal sensing process of sucrose. Therefore, identifying sucrose transporter is significant to the study of seed development and plant flowering and growth. In this study, a random forest-based model named ISTRF was proposed to identify sucrose transporter. First, a database containing 382 SUT proteins and 911 non-SUT proteins was constructed based on the UniProt and PFAM databases. Second, k-separated-bigrams-PSSM was exploited to represent protein sequence. Third, to overcome the influence of imbalance of samples on identification performance, the Borderline-SMOTE algorithm was used to overcome the shortcoming of imbalance training data. Finally, the random forest algorithm was used to train the identification model. It was proved by 10-fold cross-validation results that k-separated-bigrams-PSSM was the most distinguishable feature for identifying sucrose transporters. The Borderline-SMOTE algorithm can improve the performance of the identification model. Furthermore, random forest was superior to other classifiers on almost all indicators. Compared with other identification models, ISTRF has the best general performance and makes great improvements in identifying sucrose transporter proteins.
Benefit sharing: Why inclusive provenance metadata matter
Authors: Golan Jacob , Riddle KatieLee , Hudson Maui , Anderson Jane , Kusabs Natalie , Coltman Tim
Published: September 2022

Fair and equitable benefit sharing of genetic resources is an expectation of the Nagoya Protocol. Although the Nagoya Protocol does not yet formally apply to Digital Sequence Information (“DSI”), discussions are currently underway regarding to include such data through ongoing Convention on Biological Diversity (“CBD”) negotiations. While Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (“IPLC”) expect the value generated from genomic data to be subject to benefit sharing arrangements, a range of views are currently being expressed by Nation States, IPLC and other stakeholders. The use of DSI gives rise to unique considerations, creating a gray area as to how it should be considered under the Nagoya Protocol’s Access and Benefit Sharing (“ABS”) principles. One way for benefit sharing to be enhanced is through the connection of data to proper provenance information. A significant development is the use of digital labeling systems to ensure that the origin of samples is appropriately disclosed. The Traditional Knowledge and Biocultural Labels initiative offers a practical option for data provided to genomic databases. In particular, the BioCultural Labels (“BC Labels”) are a mechanism for Indigenous communities to identify and maintain provenance, origin and authority over biocultural material and data generated from Indigenous land and waters held in research, cultural institutions and data repositories. This form of cultural metadata adds value to the research endeavor and the creation of Indigenous fields within databases adds transparency and accountability to the research environment.
Diagnosing interstitial lung disease by multidisciplinary discussion: A review
Authors: Glenn Laura M. , Troy Lauren K. , Corte Tamera J.
Published: September 2022

The multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) has been endorsed in current international consensus guidelines as the gold standard method for diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). In the absence of an accurate and reliable diagnostic test, the agreement between multidisciplinary meetings has been used as a surrogate marker for diagnostic accuracy. Although the ILD MDM has been shown to improve inter-clinician agreement on ILD diagnosis, result in a change in diagnosis in a significant proportion of patients and reduce unclassifiable diagnoses, the ideal form for an ILD MDM remains unclear, with constitution and processes of ILD MDMs varying greatly around the world. It is likely that this variation of practice contributes to the lack of agreement seen between MDMs, as well as suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. A recent Delphi study has confirmed the essential components required for the operation of an ILD MDM. The ILD MDM is a changing entity, as it incorporates new diagnostic tests and genetic markers, while also adapting in its form in response to the obstacles of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current evidence regarding ILD MDM and their role in the diagnosis of ILD, the practice of ILD MDM around the world, approaches to ILD MDM standardization and future directions to improve diagnostic accuracy in ILD.
Development of a novel knockout model of retinitis pigmentosa using Pde6b-knockout Long–Evans rats
Authors: Yang Jee Myung , Kim Bora , Kwak Jiehoon , Lee Min Kyung , Kim Jeong Hoon , Baek In-Jeoung , Sung Young Hoon , Lee Joo Yong
Published: September 2022

Although rats with melanin-pigmentated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are physiologically more appropriate models for human eye research than their albino counterparts, reliable models from the former strain are not available to study retinal degeneration. Here, we describe the development of a novel Pde6b-knockout Long–Evans (LE Pde6b KO) rat model that recapitulates key features of human retinitis pigmentosa (RP). After the generation of the Pde6b-knockout Sprague–Dawley rats with the CRISPR-Cpf1 system, the LE rat was back-crossed over 5 generations to develop the pigmented LE Pde6b KO strain. Interestingly, LE Pde6b KO displayed well-developed bone-spicule pigmentation; a hallmark of fundus in patients with RP which cannot be observed in non-pigmented albino rats. Moreover, the rat model showed progressive thinning of the retina, which was evident by intravital imaging with optical coherence tomography. Histologically, significant atrophy was observed in the outer nuclear layer. Functionally, LE Pde6b KO presented a marked decrease of amplitude level during electroretinogram testing, demonstrating significant loss of visual function. Therefore, these findings suggest that the LE Pde6b KO model robustly recapitulates the hallmark phenotype of RP. We believe that the LE Pde6b KO model may be used effectively for preclinical translational research to further study retinal degeneration.
Comparison and interpretation of freshwater bacterial structure and interactions with organic to nutrient imbalances in restored wetlands
Authors: Zheng Fuchao , Zhang Tiange , Yin Shenglai , Qin Ge , Chen Jun , Zhang Jinghua , Zhao Dehua , Leng Xin , An Shuqing , Xia Lu
Published: September 2022

Chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) and nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratios have distinct effects on bacterial community structure and interactions. However, how organic to nutrient imbalances affect the structure of freshwater bacterial assemblages in restored wetlands remains poorly understood. Here, the composition and dominant taxa of bacterial assemblages in four wetlands [low COD/N and high N/P (LH), low COD/N and low N/P (LL), high COD/N and high N/P (HH), and high COD/N and low N/P (HL)] were investigated. A total of 7,709 operational taxonomic units were identified by high throughput sequencing, and Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were the most abundant phyla in the restored wetlands. High COD/N significantly increased bacterial diversity and was negatively correlated with N/P (R2 = 0.128; p = 0.039), and the observed richness (Sobs) indices ranged from 860.77 to 1314.66. The corresponding Chao1 and phylogenetic diversity (PD) values ranged from 1533.42 to 2524.56 and 127.95 to 184.63. Bacterial beta diversity was negatively related to COD/N (R2 = 0.258; p < 0.001). The distribution of bacterial assemblages was mostly driven by variations in ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N, p < 0.01) and electrical conductivity (EC, p < 0.01), which collectively explained more than 80% of the variation in bacterial assemblages. However, the dominant taxa Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Deinococcus-Thermus were obviously affected by variation in COD/N and N/P (p < 0.05). The highest node and edge numbers and average degree were observed in the LH group. The co-occurrence networkindicated that LH promoted bacterial network compactness and bacterial interaction consolidation. The relationships between organic to nutrient imbalances and bacterial assemblages may provide a theoretical basis for the empirical management of wetland ecosystems.
Characterization of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks regulating oxygen utilization in type II alveolar epithelial cells of Tibetan pigs
Authors: Yang Yanan , Li Yongqing , Yuan Haonan , Liu Xuanbo , Ren Yue , Gao Caixia , Jiao Ting , Cai Yuan , Zhao Shengguo
Published: September 2022

Understanding the signaling pathway regulatory mechanisms in type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells, the progenitor cells responsible for proliferating and regenerating type I alveolar epithelial (ATI) and ATII cells, in Tibetan pigs is beneficial for exploring methods of preventing and repairing cellular damage during hypoxia. We simulated a hypoxic environment (2% O2) for culture ATII cells of Tibetan pigs and Landrace pigs, with cells cultured under normoxic conditions (21% O2) as a control group, and performed integrated analysis of circular RNA (circRNA)–microRNA (miRNA)–messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory axes by whole-transcriptome sequencing. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the source genes of the differential expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were primarily involved in cell proliferation, cellular processes, and cell killing. A series of DEcircRNAs were derived from inhibitors of apoptosis proteins and led to a key autonomous effect as modulators of cell repair in Tibetan pigs under hypoxia. The significant higher expression of COL5A1 in TL groups may inhibited apoptosis of ATII cells in Tibetan pigs under lower oxygen concentration, and may lead their better survive in the hypoxia environment. In addition, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of functional interactions was constructed that included novel_circ_000898-ssc-miR-199a-5p-CAV1 and novel_circ_000898-ssc-miR-378-BMP2, based on the node genes ssc-miR-199a-5p and ssc-miR-378, which may regulate multiple miRNAs and mRNAs that mediate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis and inflammation and attenuate hypoxia-induced injury in ATII cells under hypoxic conditions. These results broaden our knowledge of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs associated with hypoxia and provide new insights into the hypoxic response of ATII cells in Tibetan pigs.
Rational design of photosynthetic reaction center protein maquettes
Authors: Ennist Nathan M. , Stayrook Steven E. , Dutton P. Leslie , Moser Christopher C.
Published: September 2022

New technologies for efficient solar-to-fuel energy conversion will help facilitate a global shift from dependence on fossil fuels to renewable energy. Nature uses photosynthetic reaction centers to convert photon energy into a cascade of electron-transfer reactions that eventually produce chemical fuel. The design of new reaction centers de novo deepens our understanding of photosynthetic charge separation and may one day allow production of biofuels with higher thermodynamic efficiency than natural photosystems. Recently, we described the multi-step electron-transfer activity of a designed reaction center maquette protein (the RC maquette), which can assemble metal ions, tyrosine, a Zn tetrapyrrole, and heme into an electron-transport chain. Here, we detail our modular strategy for rational protein design and show that the intended RC maquette design agrees with crystal structures in various states of assembly. A flexible, dynamic apo-state collapses by design into a more ordered holo-state upon cofactor binding. Crystal structures illustrate the structural transitions upon binding of different cofactors. Spectroscopic assays demonstrate that the RC maquette binds various electron donors, pigments, and electron acceptors with high affinity. We close with a critique of the present RC maquette design and use electron-tunneling theory to envision a path toward a designed RC with a substantially higher thermodynamic efficiency than natural photosystems.
The need for unbiased genetic screens to dissect aggression in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Huang Gary , Dierick Herman A.
Published: September 2022

Aggression is an evolutionarily conserved behavior present in most animals and is necessary for survival when competing for limited resources and mating partners. Studies have shown that aggression is modulated both genetically and epigenetically, but details of how the molecular and cellular mechanisms interact to determine aggressive behavior remain to be elucidated. In recent decades, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms that regulate aggression. Surprisingly most of the findings discovered to date have not come from genetic screens despite the fly’s long and successful history of using screens to unravel its biology. Here, we highlight the tools and techniques used to successfully screen for aggression-linked behavioral elements in Drosophila and discuss the potential impact future screens have in advancing our knowledge of the underlying genetic and neural circuits governing aggression.
Predicting the true extent of glioblastoma based on probabilistic tractography
Authors: Kis David , Szivos Laszlo , Rekecki Mark , Shukir Bayan Salam , Mate Adrienn , Hideghety Katalin , Barzo Pal
Published: September 2022

Glioblastoma is the most frequent type of primary brain tumors. Despite the advanced therapy, most of the patients die within 2 years after the diagnosis. The tumor has a typical appearance on MRI: a central hypointensity surrounded by an inhomogeneous, ring-shaped contrast enhancement along its border. Too small to be recognized by MRI, detached individual tumor cells migrate along white matter fiber tracts several centimeters away from the edge of the tumor. Usually these cells are the source of tumor recurrence. If the infiltrated brain areas could be identified, longer survival time could be achieved through supratotal resection and individually planned radiation therapy. Probabilistic tractography is an advanced imaging method that can potentially be used to identify infiltrated pathways, thus the real extent of the glioblastoma. Our study consisted of twenty high grade glioma patients. Probabilistic tractography was started from the tumor. The location of tumor recurrence on follow-up MRI was considered as the primary infiltrated white matter tracts. The results of probabilistic tractography were evaluated at thirteen different thresholds. The overlap with the tumor recurrence of each threshold level was then defined to calculate the sensitivity and specificity. In the group level, sensitivity (81%) and specificity (90%) were the most reliable at 5% threshold level. There were two outliers in the study group, both with high specificity and very low sensitivity. According to our results, probabilistic tractography can help to define the true extent of the glioblastoma at the time of diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Individually planned surgery and irradiation could provide a better chance of survival in these patients.
The Effect of Yoga on the Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Ghazvineh Dorsa , Daneshvar Mojtaba , Basirat Vahid , Daneshzad Elnaz
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Yoga is a mind-body stress-relieving exercise that increases mental and physical health, which may have a role in the improvement of metabolic disorders. The present study has reviewed the effect of yoga on lipid profiles as a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We evaluated the available randomized controlled trials on the effects of yoga-based programs, and lipid profiles by searching PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane central register of control trials up to January 2022. Both fixed and random effect analyses were used to find the relationships. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the continent, duration of the included studies, gender, and health condition of participants to discover the sources of heterogeneity.

Result

Fifty-three studies were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis with a total sample size of 13,191. There was a striking association between yoga and total cholesterol (−10.31 mg/dl; 95% CI: −14.16, −6.45; I2 = 82.5%, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−8.64 mg/dl; 95% CI: −12.03, −5.25; I2 = 75.0%, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.98 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.81, 3.14; I2 = 91.6%, P < 0.001), triglycerides (−13.50 mg/dl; 95% CI: −20.09, −6.92; I2 = 90.7%, P < 0.001) and very low-density lipoprotein (−3.94 mg/dl; 95%CI: −6.31, −1.56; I2 = 72.2%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

It seems yoga interventions had a substantial effect on lipid profiles, however, more qualified trials or cohort studies are needed to conclude exactly.
Mapping intellectual structures and research hotspots in the application of artificial intelligence in cancer: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Lyu Peng-fei , Wang Yu , Meng Qing-Xiang , Fan Ping-ming , Ma Ke , Xiao Sha , Cao Xun-chen , Lin Guang-Xun , Dong Si-yuan
Published: September 2022

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is more and more widely used in cancer, which is of great help to doctors in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to summarize the current research hotspots in the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cancer (AAIC) and to assess the research trends in AAIC.

Methods

Scientific publications for AAIC-related research from 1 January 1998 to 1 July 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science database. The metrics analyses using bibliometrics software included publication, keyword, author, journal, institution, and country. In addition, the blustering analysis on the binary matrix was performed on hot keywords.

Results

The total number of papers in this study is 1592. The last decade of AAIC research has been divided into a slow development phase (2013-2018) and a rapid development phase (2019-2022). An international collaboration centered in the USA is dedicated to the development and application of AAIC. Li J is the most prolific writer in AAIC. Through clustering analysis and high-frequency keyword research, it has been shown that AI plays a significantly important role in the prediction, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer. Classification, diagnosis, carcinogenesis, risk, and validation are developing topics. Eight hotspot fields of AAIC were also identified.

Conclusion

AAIC can benefit cancer patients in diagnosing cancer, assessing the effectiveness of treatment, making a decision, predicting prognosis and saving costs. Future AAIC research may be dedicated to optimizing AI calculation tools, improving accuracy, and promoting AI.
Antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and nevro-protective activity of Ganoderma lucidum: An overview
Authors: Cör Andrejč Darija , Knez Željko , Knez Marevci Maša
Published: September 2022

Ganoderma lucidum is a very medicinal mushroom that has been utilized in Oriental medicine for many years. It has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic properties, and has been used for many years as a health promoter. It contains various biologically active compounds that improve the immune system and have antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. Active compounds include triterpenoids and polysaccharides, as well as proteins, lipids, phenolics, sterols, etc. In the following review, we summarize briefly their biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activity. Although Ganoderma has a number of medicinal effects that have been confirmed by the in vitro and in vivo studies summarised in this review, there are some limitations. Clinical trials face mainly a lack of pure constituents. Accurate identification of the compounds obtained is also problematic. In addition, most of the included studies were small, and there were concerns about the methodological quality of each study. Studies have shown that Ganoderma has valuable potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In any case, G. lucidum cannot be used as first-line therapy for cancer.
Walnut supplementation after fructose-rich diet is associated with a beneficial fatty acid ratio and increased ACE2 expression in the rat heart
Authors: Bošković Maja , Živković Maja , Koricanac Goran , Tepavcevic Snezana , Zec Manja , Debeljak-Martacic Jasmina , Stanković Aleksandra
Published: September 2022

Increased fructose consumption has been linked with chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and NF-κB have been detected in MetS. Walnuts are a rich source of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) that were suggested to exert anti-inflammatory effects related to cardio-metabolic health. We hypothesized that walnut supplementation has the capacity to revert unfavorable fructose-rich diet (FRD)-induced activation of cardiac RAS and NF-κB in male rats. Due to the lack of similar studies, we investigated the effects of walnut supplementation (6 weeks) on the expression of four RAS molecules (ACE, ACE2, AT1R, and AT2R) and NF-κB in rat heart after FRD (10% w/v, 9 weeks). In addition, we followed the changes in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the total pool of heart lipids after both treatments to elucidate the walnut effects on fatty acids in the heart. 36 animals (9 per group) participated in the experiment. FRD significantly increased the ACE protein level in the heart (p < 0.001). Walnut supplementation significantly increased the ACE2 protein level in the heart of FRD (p < 0.001). In addition, walnut supplementation showed a significant main effect on the arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio (p = 0.004). Walnut supplementation significantly reduced this ratio, in comparison with both, the control group (C vs. FW, p < 0.05) and the FRD group (F vs. FW, p < 0.05). However, walnut treatment failed to revert the significant effect of fructose (p < 0.001) on the elevation of NF-κB protein level. Our results suggest a beneficial effect of walnut supplementation on ACE2 protein level and n-6/n-3 PUFA level in the heart of the animal model of MetS. Such results highlight the approach of omega-3-rich walnut supplementation in the stimulation of endogenous production of favorable molecules in the heart which could be an affordable nutritional treatment formaintenance of cardio-metabolic health.
A scoping review of behavior change techniques used to promote physical activity among women in midlife
Authors: Arigo Danielle , Romano Kelly A. , Pasko Kristen , Travers Laura , Ainsworth M. Cole , Jackson Daija A. , Brown Megan M.
Published: September 2022

Women in midlife experience health risks that could be mitigated by regular physical activity and reduced sedentary time, but this population rarely achieves physical activity levels that would protect their health. As a result, many behavioral interventions are designed to promote physical activity in this population, which are purportedly guided by theoretical models of health behavior (change) and activate an associated set of behavior change techniques (BCTs). The efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions appear to be limited, however, raising questions about their design and adaptation for women in midlife. Several aspects of these interventions are currently unclear. Specifically, which women they target (i.e., how “midlife” and “sedentary” or “inactive” are defined), which theoretical models or behavior BCTs are used, and how BCTs are activated in such interventions. A synthesis of this information would be useful as an initial step toward improving physical activity interventions for this at-risk group, and thus, represented the goal of the present scoping review. Eligibility required publication in a peer-reviewed journal in English between 2000 and 2021, inclusion of only women in midlife who did not have any medical or other restrictions on their physical activity (e.g., cancer diagnosis), and free-living physical activity or sedentary behavior as the target outcome (with associated assessment). Of the 4,410 initial results, 51 articles met inclusion criteria, and these described 36 unique interventions. More than half of the articles (59%) named an underlying theoretical model and interventions included an average of 3.76 identifiable BCTs (range 1–11). However, descriptions of many interventions were limited and did not provide enough detail to determine whether or how specific BCTs were activated. Interventions also used a wide range of inclusion criteria for age range and starting activity level, which has implications for targeting/tailoring and effectiveness, and many interventions focused on marginalized populations (e.g., women from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, those un- or under-insured). The present review identifies some strengths and highlights important limitations of existing literature, as well as key opportunities for advancing the design and potential utility of physical activity interventions for women in midlife.

Systematic review registration

https://osf.io/g8tuc.
Research trends and hotspot analysis of age-related hearing loss from a bibliographic perspective
Authors: Cui Qingjia , Chen Na , Wen Cheng , Xi Jianing , Huang Lihui
Published: September 2022

Background

Up-to-date information about the trends of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and how this varies between countries is essential to plan for an adequate health-system response. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the research hotpots and trends in ARHL and to provide the basis and direction for future research.

Materials and methods

The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched and screened according to the inclusion criteria during 2002–2021. Bibliometric analyses were conducted by CiteSpace (Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States) software and VOSviewer (Center for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands) software.

Results

The query identified 1,496 publications, which showed a growth trend of this filed. These publications were from 62 countries, the United States of America (United States) showed its tremendous impact on this field in publication outputs, total citations, and international collaborations, China following in second. The Journal of Hearing Research was the most productive journal. Weijia Kong published the most papers, and the most productive institution was Washington University. The keyword “presbycusis” ranked first in research frontiers and appeared earlier, and the keywords “age-related hearing loss,” “risk,” “dementia,” “auditory cortex,” “association,” and “decline” began to appear in recent years.

Conclusion

The annual number of publications has grown rapidly in the past two decades and will continue to grow. Epidemiological investigation and laboratory research are lasting hot spots, besides future research will focus on the association between ARHL and cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Possible antidepressant mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids acting on the central nervous system
Authors: Zhou Lie , Xiong Jia-Yao , Chai Yu-Qian , Huang Lu , Tang Zi-Yang , Zhang Xin-Feng , Liu Bo , Zhang Jun-Tao
Published: September 2022

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can play important roles in maintaining mental health and resistance to stress, and omega-3 PUFAs supplementation can display beneficial effects on both the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, accumulated evidence indicates that omega-3 PUFAs can exhibit pleiotropic effects on the neural structure and function. Thus, they play fundamental roles in brain activities involved in the mood regulation. Since depressive symptoms have been assumed to be of central origin, this review aims to summarize the recently published studies to identify the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of omega-3 PUFAs. These include that of (1) anti-neuroinflammatory; (2) hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; (3) anti-oxidative stress; (4) anti-neurodegeneration; (5) neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity; and (6) modulation of neurotransmitter systems. Despite many lines of evidence have hinted that these mechanisms may co-exist and work in concert to produce anti-depressive effects, the potentially multiple sites of action of omega-3 PUFAs need to be fully established. We also discussed the limitations of current studies and suggest future directions for preclinical and translational research in this field.
Prevalence of amenorrhea in elite female competitive climbers
Authors: Joubert Lanae , Warme Amity , Larson Abigail , Grønhaug Gudmund , Michael Marisa , Schöffl Volker , Burtscher Eugen , Meyer Nanna
Published: September 2022

Elite competitive sport climbers exhibit a high strength-to-weight ratio and are reported in the literature to be lighter and leaner than their athletic counterparts. Current research regarding nutrition among climbers is sparse but suggests that they may be at high risk for low energy availability and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). The prevalence of amenorrhea, one of the primary indicators of RED-S, is unknown in this athletic population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of current (previous 12 months) amenorrhea among elite level competitive sport climbers.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was distributed via email to 1,500 female climbers registered as competitors within the International Federation of Sport Climbing to assess the prevalence of amenorrhea over the past 12 months.

Results

A total of 114 female sport climbers answered all survey questions regarding menstrual function and 18 athletes (15.8%) presented with current amenorrhea. The majority of the athletes (72%; n = 82) were categorized with eumenorrhea. An additional 14 athletes (12.3%) provided information that indicated irregular cycles, but answers to all menstrual cycle questions were not congruent to elicit a classification of amenorrhea and these athletes were categorized with a menstrual status of unsure. The average BMI for climbers with eumenorrhea was 20.8 ± 1.8 kg/m2 and 19.9 ± 2.4 kg/m2 for those with amenorrhea. A higher percentage of climbers with amenorrhea revealed they currently struggle with an eating disorder compared to those without amenorrhea (13.5 vs. 22.2%, respectively).

Conclusion

This study indicates that some female climbers competing at the World Cup level do have menstrual disturbances with relatively normal BMIs and some currently struggle with one or more eating disorders. Even though World Cup competitions use BMI critical margins to screen competitors, this research highlights the need for more medical supervision of competitive elite female sport climbers in order to protect their overall health, including menstrual function. Further research is required to clarify how many climbers suffer from endocrine abnormalities related to RED-S. With more scientific evidence in this area practitioners will be better equipped to educate the athlete and coach with evidence-based nutrition recommendations.