bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-line osimertinib in elderly patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective multicenter study (HOT2002)
Authors: Yamamoto Gaku , Asahina Hajime , Honjo Osamu , Sumi Toshiyuki , Nakamura Atsushi , Ito Kenichiro , Kikuchi Hajime , Hommura Fumihiro , Honda Ryoichi , Yokoo Keiki , Fujita Yuka , Oizumi Satoshi , Morita Ryo , Ikezawa Yasuyuki , Tanaka Hisashi , Kimura Nozomu , Sasaki Takaaki , Sukoh Noriaki , Takashina Taichi , Harada Toshiyuki , Dosaka-Akita Hirotoshi , Isobe Hiroshi ,   the Hokkaido Lung Cancer Clinical Study Group Trial, Yamamoto Gaku , Asahina Hajime , Honjo Osamu , Sumi Toshiyuki , Nakamura Atsushi , Ito Kenichiro , Isobe Hiroshi , Kikuchi Hajime , Hommura Fumihiro , Honda Ryoichi , Yokoo Keiki , Fujita Yuka , Oizumi Satoshi , Morita Ryo , Ikezawa Yasuyuki , Tanaka Hisashi , Kimura Nozomu , Sasaki Takaaki , Sukoh Noriaki , Takashina Taichi , Harada Toshiyuki , Akita Hirotoshi
Published: November 2021

Osimertinib is a standard of care therapy for previously untreated epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, limited data exist regarding the efficacy and safety of osimertinib as a first-line therapy for elderly patients aged 75 years or older. To assess the potential clinical benefits of osimertinib in this population, this retrospective multi-institutional observational study included 132 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (age ≥ 75 years), who received osimertinib as first-line treatment. The proportion of patients with 1-year progression-free survival was 65.8% (95% confidence interval 57.1–73.5). The median progression-free survival was 19.4 (95% confidence interval 15.9–23.9) months. The median overall survival was not reached (95% confidence interval 24.6–not reached). The frequency of pneumonitis was 17.4%, with a grade 3 or higher rate of 9.1%. More than two-thirds of treatment discontinuations due to pneumonitis occurred within 3 months of starting osimertinib, and the prognosis of patients with pneumonitis was unsatisfactory. Osimertinib is one of the effective first-line therapeutic options for patients aged 75 years or older; however, special caution should be exercised due to the potential development of pneumonitis.
Combination of ultrashort PCR and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute for DNA detection
Authors: He Ruyi , Wang Longyu , Wang Fei , Yang Jun , Yu Xiao , Wang Yuan , Liu Zhiguo , Li Chunhua , Ma Lixin
Published: November 2021

We used small primers to obtain guides from the target DNA to mediate PfAgo cutting of molecular beacons, a fast and effective method.
Reduced acoustic resonator dimensions improve focusing efficiency of bacteria and submicron particles
Authors: Ugawa Masashi , Lee Hoyeon , Baasch Thierry , Lee Minho , Kim Soyun , Jeong OkChan , Choi Yong-Hoon , Sohn Daewon , Laurell Thomas , Ota Sadao , Lee SangWook
Published: November 2021

The 100 μm × 100 μm square channel supports 2D particle focusing in the channel center at an actuation frequency of 7.39 MHz overcoming the classical size limitation (≈2 μm) of acoustic focusing.
Eu-Doped MOF-based high-efficiency fluorescent sensor for detecting 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol simultaneously
Authors: Chen Lili , Cheng Zihan , Peng Xinyue , Qiu Guoqiao , Wang Li
Published: November 2021

Nitroaromatic explosives pose a great threat to the environment and human safety.
Verification of thermodynamic theories of strain-induced polymer crystallization
Authors: Zhang Chunbo , Liu Chang , Wang Lei , Zhao Ying , Liu Guoming , Wang Dujin
Published: November 2021

The thermodynamic theories of strain-induced polymer crystallization have been verified using nearly “homogeneous” polyethylene glycol (PEG) networks.
The O/S heteroatom effects of covalent triazine frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Manying , Yang Kangni , Li Zhenyang , Fan Erchuang , Fu Huafeng , Zhang Like , Zhang Yange , Zheng Zhi
Published: November 2021

Sulfur heteroatoms are more favorable for charge separation than oxygen heteroatoms in heterocyclic covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) because of their low electronegativity.
Maximizing the [c2]daisy chain to lasso ratio through competitive self-templating clipping reactions
Authors: Saura-Sanmartin Adrian , Pastor Aurelia , Martinez-Cuezva Alberto , Berna Jose
Published: November 2021

Singleversusdouble self-templating clipping reactions allow the preparation of amide-based lasso and [c2]daisy chain rotaxanes.
Bisulfite-free and quantitative detection of 5-formylcytosine in DNA through qPCR
Authors: Liu Jizhou , Yang Wei , Zhang Xiong , Wang Yafen , Zhou Xiang
Published: November 2021

An easily operated bisulfite-free malononitrile mediated method for detecting and quantifying 5fC was presented through quantitative real-time PCR.
Annulation–retro-Claisen cascade of bifunctional peroxides for the synthesis of lactone natural products
Authors: Xu Qianlan , Li Jialin , Li Xuemin , Hu Lin
Published: November 2021

A new and highly efficient annulation–retro-Claisen cascade of bifunctional peroxides and α-benzoylacetates enables the unified total syntheses of γ- and δ-lactone natural products in short steps.
Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS): a tool for the identification of polyphenolic components in natural lake pigments
Authors: Eisnor M. M. , McLeod K. E. R. , Bindesri S. , Svoboda S. A. , Wustholz K. L. , Brosseau C. L.
Published: November 2021

Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) is used to identify components in complex yellow pigment samples.
Simulating the binding of key organic functional groups to aqueous calcium carbonate species
Authors: Schuitemaker Alicia , Aufort Julie , Koziara Katarzyna B. , Demichelis Raffaella , Raiteri Paolo , Gale Julian D.
Published: November 2021

The interaction of organic molecules with mineral systems is relevant to a wide variety of scientific problems both in the environment and minerals processing.
A DFT study on magnetic interfaces based on half-metallic Co2FeGe1/2Ga1/2 with h-BN and MoSe2 monolayers
Authors: Larionov Konstantin V. , Pais Pereda J. J. , Sorokin Pavel B.
Published: November 2021

By ab initio simulations, magnetic interfaces based on half-metallic Co2FeGe1/2Ga1/2 with h-BN and MoSe2 monolayers are shown to be promising for spintronic applications.
A dye encapsulated zinc-based metal–organic framework as a dual-emission sensor for highly sensitive detection of antibiotics
Authors: Wang Kang , Duan Yuhan , Chen Jiajing , Wang Haiying , Liu Huiyan
Published: November 2021

Incorporated amide groups enable the tetratopic linker to facilitate diversity nets of lon (1) and nbo (2). Importantly, fluorescent dye DMASM can be encapsulated into 2 as a dual-emitting sensor for highly sensitive detection of antibiotics.
Attenuation of UV-induced skin photoaging in rats by walnut protein hydrolysates is linked to the modulation of MAPK/AP-1 and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways
Authors: Xu Defeng , Li Caihong , Zhao Mouming
Published: November 2021

There is growing evidence that prevention of skin photoaging by oral administration of food-derived proteins hydrolysates is intricately linked to its alleviation against oxidative stress through modulation of the signaling pathway.
Synthesis of 1-azido-3-heteroaryl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes via azidoheteroarylation of [1.1.1]propellane
Authors: Han Hang , Zhu Bingbin , Du Xiaofan , Zhu Yu , Yu Chuanming , Jiang Xinpeng
Published: November 2021

A novel synthesis of 1-azido-3-heteroaryl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes has been achieved via azidoheteroarylation of [1.1.1]propellane under mild and metal-free conditions. It provides a highly efficient route to construct azide-containing BCPs.
Correction: Flow-through solvolysis enables production of native-like lignin from biomass
Authors: Brandner David G. , Kruger Jacob S. , Thornburg Nicholas E. , Facas Gregory G. , Kenny Jacob K. , Dreiling Reagan J. , Morais Ana Rita C. , Renders Tom , Cleveland Nicholas S. , Happs Renee M. , Katahira Rui , Vinzant Todd B. , Wilcox Daniel G. , Román-Leshkov Yuriy , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘Flow-through solvolysis enables production of native-like lignin from biomass’ by David G. Brandner et al., Green Chem., 2021, 23, 5437–5441, DOI: 10.1039/D1GC01591E.
Lead determination by HG-MIP OES with nitrogen plasma after a variable optimization study
Authors: Mollo Alicia , Sixto Alexandra , Jofré Florencia Cora , Pistón Mariela , Savio Marianela
Published: November 2021

A hydride generation nitrogen microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-MIP OES) system was developed for lead determination.
Electronic measurement of cell antigen expression in whole blood
Authors: Civelekoglu Ozgun , Liu Ruxiu , Usanmaz Can F. , Chu Chia-Heng , Boya Mert , Ozkaya-Ahmadov Tevhide , Arifuzzman A. K. M. , Wang Ningquan , Sarioglu A. Fatih
Published: November 2021

A magnetophoretic cytometry chip with integrated purification and multiplexed readout for membrane antigen expression in hematological samples.
Near-infrared absorbing aza-BODIPYs with 1,7-di-tert-butyl groups by low-barrier rotation for photothermal application
Authors: Li Sicheng , Lv Meiheng , Wang Jie , Zhang Dongxiang , Xu Zhangrun , Jiang Xin-Dong
Published: November 2021

Near-infrared absorbing aza-BODIPYs with 1,7-di-tert-butyl groups (tBuazaBDP) were successfully synthesized.
Electronic transport through single-molecule oligophenyl-diethynyl junctions with direct gold–carbon bonds formed at low temperature
Authors: Mitra Gautam , Delmas Vincent , Al Sabea Hassan , Norel Lucie , Galangau Olivier , Rigaut Stéphane , Cornil Jérôme , Costuas Karine , Scheer Elke
Published: November 2021

Single-molecule junctions of oligophenyl-diethynyl (OPAn) are studied at low temperature using a mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) setup and characterized using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
Optimizing the metal ion release and antibacterial activity of ZnO@ZIF-8 by modulating its synthesis method
Authors: Kalati Mona , Akhbari Kamran
Published: November 2021

An excellent feature of [ZnO]0.181@ZIF-8 is its slower release of Zn2+ ions as compared to Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O.
Optimizing the mobility of active species in ionic liquid/MIL-101 composites for boosting carbon dioxide conversion
Authors: Liu Xi , Ding Meili , Ma Pan , Yao Jianfeng
Published: November 2021

The mobility of active species has been optimized based on ionic liquid/metal–organic framework (MOF) composites for efficient CO2 chemical fixation.
Catalyst-free visible light-induced decarboxylative amination of glycine derivatives with azo compounds
Authors: Zhou Cen , Huang Xiaozhou , Hu Yaqing , Wu Junyan , Zheng Ying , Zhang Xiao
Published: November 2021

A visible light-induced, catalyst-free decarboxylative amination of glycine derivatives with azo compounds was achieved to deliver functionalized aminals under mild reaction conditions.
Single GaP nanowire nonlinear characterization with the aid of an optical trap
Authors: Bolshakov Alexey D. , Shishkin Ivan , Machnev Andrey , Petrov Mihail , Kirilenko Demid A. , Fedorov Vladimir V. , Mukhin Ivan S. , Ginzburg Pavel
Published: November 2021

An optically trapped single GaP nanowire is studied here. Optomechanical manipulation allows aligning the wire along its major axis and probes the linear waveguiding properties and nonlinear optical response of the standalone nanostructure.
Precise control over supramolecular nanostructuresviamanipulation of H-bonding in π-amphiphiles
Authors: Sikder Amrita , Xie Yujie , Thomas Marjolaine , Derry Matthew J. , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: November 2021

Supramolecular polymers of programmable nanostructures have been achieved by introducing single/multiple H-bonding units in π-amphiphiles.
Anisotropic nanomaterials for asymmetric synthesis
Authors: Zvaigzne Mariya , Samokhvalov Pavel , Gun'ko Yurii K. , Nabiev Igor
Published: November 2021

This review focuses on anisotropic nanomaterials and considers the state-of-the-art progress in asymmetric synthesis catalysed by 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures.
Controlled chemical assembly of enzymes in cell lysate enabled by genetic-encoded nonstandard amino acids
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Ru , Luo Zhiyuan , Jia Dongmei , Chen Haomin , Xiao Qinjie , Zhang Pengfei , Pei Xiaolin , Wang Anming
Published: November 2021

Genetically encoded nonstandard amino acids (NSAAs) facilitate the covalent assembly of enzymes and enable their self-purification, enhanced activity and stability.
Allyl group-containing polyvinylphosphonates as a flexible platform for the selective introduction of functional groups via polymer-analogous transformations
Authors: Halama Kerstin , Schaffer Andreas , Rieger Bernhard
Published: November 2021

A rich functionalization chemistry was established starting from defined, allyl group containing polyvinylphosphonates.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production of MoS2 sheet/carbon nanofiber using rapid electron transport of Mo6+ and carbon nanofiber
Authors: Qiu Jianfeng , Pan Jiaqi , Wei Shunhang , Liang Qifeng , Wang Yawei , Wu Rong , Li Chaorong
Published: November 2021

In this work, MoS2 anchored on the surface of carbon nanofibers was designed to enhance increasing the activity of exposed edge and electrical conductivity at the same time.
Highly enhanced electrical properties of lanthanum-silicate-oxide-based SOFC electrolytes with co-doped tin and bismuth in La9.33−xBixSi6−ySnyO26
Authors: Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Juliandri  , Winarsih Suci , Syarif Dani Gustaman , Malik Yoga Trianzar , Septawendar Rifki , Risdiana
Published: November 2021

Structure modification of La9.33Si6O26 (LSO) as SOFC electrolyte via a bi-doping mechanism provides enhanced electrical properties of La7.83Bi1.5Si5.7Sn0.3O26 at 873 K (1.84 × 10−2 S cm−1) with low activation energy of 0.80 eV compared to pristine LSO (0.08 × 10−2 S cm−1).
2D–3D graphene-coated diatomite as a support toward growing ZnO for advanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Dai Xingjian , Zeng Hao , Jin Chuan , Rao Jinsong , Liu Xiaoying , Li Kailin , Zhang Yifan , Yu Yaolun , Zhang Yuxin
Published: November 2021

In this work, a diatomite@graphene@ZnO (ZGD) photocatalyst was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal methods and used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.
Ionic thermoelectrics: principles, materials and applications
Authors: Cheng Hanlin , Le Qiujian , Liu Zhuo , Qian Qi , Zhao Yinling , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: November 2021

Ionic conductors have emerged as next-generation thermoelectric materials mainly due to their high thermopower of 100–101 mV K−1. This article provides a review of the most recent discoveries and development of ionic thermoelectric materials.
Cryo-EM structures of τ filaments from human brain
Authors: Goedert Michel
Published: November 2021

Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) has made it possible to determine near-atomic structures of τ filaments from human brain. Previous work had shown that the cores of paired helical and straight filaments of Alzheimer's disease are made of two identical, but differently arranged C-shaped protofilaments. In recent years, cryo-EM has shown that the Alzheimer τ fold is 79 amino acids long. Five of the eight β-strands give rise to two antiparallel β-sheets, with the other three forming a β-helix. High-affinity binding sites of positron emission tomography ligand APN-1607 (PM-PBB3) are in the β-helix region. The Alzheimer fold contrasts with the 94 amino acid-long Pick fold, which is J-shaped and comprises nine β-strands that give rise to four antiparallel β-sheets, in the absence of a β-helix. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy τ fold is similar to the Alzheimer fold, but differs in the β-helix region, which is larger and contains a non-proteinaceous density that is probably hydrophobic. These folds are mostly two-layered. By contrast, the 107 amino acid τ fold of the 4R tauopathy corticobasal degeneration is four-layered and comprises 11 β-strands. It contains an internal, probably hydrophilic, density that is surrounded by τ. The τ folds described here share the presence of microtubule-binding repeats 3 and 4, as well as 10–13 amino acids after repeat 4.
Impact of acute fonofos exposure on skeletal muscle of zebrafish: Histopathological and biometric analyses
Authors: Arman Sezgi , Üçüncü Sema İşisağ
Published: November 2021

It is widely known that pesticides generally do not show target specificity, and off-target species are strikingly affected by these chemicals. In the current work, histological changes in skeletal muscles of zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by fonofos, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor organophosphate insecticide, were examined. Zebrafish were treated with 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L of fonofos for 96 hours. Skeletal muscle samples were removed from the pectoral region and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with Mayer's Hematoxylin and Eosin, Gomori's Trichrome and Periodic Acid Schiff techniques. Histopathological alterations were investigated by light microscopy. Fibrosis, intramyofibrillar vacuoles, disintegrated myofibrils, splitting of myofibers, atrophic and disappeared fibers, histoarchitectural loss, necrosis and progressive decrement in glycogen content were noted. Muscle fiber diameter measurements were also performed. Statistical analysis showed that measured fiber diameters of all fonofos exposed groups were significantly different from the control group, and they decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggested that fonofos caused significant myoarchitectural impairments in non-target freshwater zebrafish.
Reliabilität der auditiv-perzeptiven RBH-Beurteilung und Vergleich mit dem akustischen Messmittel der Vospector-Analyse
Authors: Hermle Patricia , Grassinger Robert , Thomas Fabian
Published: November 2021

Zusamenfassung

Im logopädischen Alltag werden regelmäßig Dysphonien beurteilt. Neben der perzeptiven RBH-Skala (Rauigkeit R, Behauchtheit B und die Heiserkeit H) finden wir auch computergestützte, akustische Messmittel, wie die Vospector-Analyse von lingWaves (Irregularität, Rauschen und Gesamtgrad). Zur Untersuchung der Korrelation von Text und Vokal, der Reliabilität der RBH-Skala, der Vospector-Analyse und auch deren Korrelation wurde die Stimmqualität (Text und Vokal) von 6 Fallbeispielen durch 54 Logopäd*innen bewertet. Die Retest-Reliabilität der RBH-Skala, die Korrelation von Text und Vokal sowie von RBH und Vospector wurden ausgewertet. Die Retest-Reliabilität der RBH-Skala war in großen Teilen inkongruent. Die Ergebnisse deuten zudem auf geringe Zusammenhänge der perzeptiven Beurteilung eines Textes und eines Vokals hin. Hierbei wurden bedeutsame Unterschiede zwischen den Fallbeispielen beobachtet, was mitunter in der Diskussion aufgegriffen wird.
ICA-Deutschland e.V.: Stand und Ausblick
Authors: Mündner-Hensen Bärbel
Published: November 2021

Der ICA-Deutschland e.V. wurde 1993 als erste IC-Organisation in Europa gegründet. Seitdem setzt sich der Förderverein auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene für mehr Aufklärung und Information von Ärzten und Öffentlichkeit ein, initiierte zahlreiche Forschungsprojekte und konnte dazu beitragen, dass sich Diagnose und Therapiemöglichkeiten der Interstitiellen Cystitis deutlich verbesserten. Auf der Webseite des ICA finden Betroffene kostenfrei ausführliche Informationen rund um die Interstitielle Cystitis: aktuelle Behandlungsmethoden, Ernährungsratgeber, Patientenberichte, einen Newsletter und mehr.

Es existiert eine mangelnde bis keine Bereitschaft der Krankenkassen zur Kostenbeteiligungen oder Kostenerstattungen der Diagnose und Therapiemaßnahmen. Und das obwohl eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Versorgungsstudie vorliegt, eine hochwertige S2K-Leilinie mit Evidenznachweisen vorliegt, die über Diagnostik und Therapie präzise Auskunft gibt, viele erfolgversprechende Medizinprodukte entwickelt wurden, ein von der EMA zugelassenes Arzneimittel existiert.
Interstitielle Zystitis: Interventionelle und operative Therapie – mehr als eine Ultima Ratio
Authors: Bschleipfer Thomas , Kaftan Björn
Published: November 2021

Die interstitielle Zystitis ist eine häufig unterdiagnostizierte, chronisch-rezidivierend bis chronisch-progredient verlaufende Harnblasenerkrankung, deren Pathogenese und Ätiologie noch weitgehend unklar ist. Die Erkrankung selbst ist nicht heilbar, eine Therapie erfolgt symptomatisch. Neben konservativen und medikamentösen Therapieansätzen stehen den Patienten auch eine Vielzahl an interventionell-operativen Verfahren zur Verfügung. Dazu zählen neben intravesikalen Instillationen, transurethralen Verfahren wie Injektionen von Botulinum-Toxin A, Kortikosteroiden und Lokalanästhetika, Hydrodistension und Neuromodulation auch operative Eingriffe wie (Laser-) Fulguration, Resektion und Zystektomie. Obwohl operative Interventionen bei Vorliegen einer interstitiellen Zystitis meist sehr spät in Erwägung gezogen werden (sollen) und prinzipiell als Ultima ratio bezeichnet werden, weisen diese Eingriffe bei guten bis sehr guten Ansprechraten und meist überschaubaren Komplikationen ein günstiges Nutzen-Risikoverhältnis auf. Eine allgemeine Pauschalisierung der Intervention als Ultima ratio sollte daher vermieden werden und ihr Einsatz individuell abgestimmt auf den jeweiligen Patienten erfolgen.
Functional Movement Screen Task Scores and Joint Range-of-motion: A
Construct Validity Study
Authors: Hincapié Cesar A. , Tomlinson George A. , Hapuarachchi Malinda , Stankovic Tatjana , Hirsch Steven , Carnegie Danielle , Richards Doug , Frost David , Beach Tyson A.C.
Published: November 2021

Little is known about the construct validity of the Functional Movement Screen
(FMS). We aimed to assess associations between FMS task scores and measures of
maximum joint range-of-motion (ROM) among university varsity student-athletes
from 4 sports (volleyball, basketball, ice hockey, and soccer). Athletes
performed FMS tasks and had their maximum ankle, hip and shoulder ROM measured.
Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations between FMS
task scores and ROM measurements. 101 university student-athletes were recruited
(52 W/49 M; mean age 20.4±1.9 years). In
general, athletes with higher FMS task scores had greater ROM compared to those
with lower task scores. For example, athletes who scored 2 on the FMS squat task
had 4° (95% CI, 1° to 7°) more uni-articular
ankle dorsiflexion ROM compared with those who scored 1, while those who scored
3 on the FMS squat task had 10° (4° to 17°) more
uni-articular ankle dorsiflexion ROM compared with those who scored 1. Large
variation in ROM measurements was observed. In sum, substantial overlap in joint
ROM between groups of athletes with different FMS task scores weakens the
construct validity of the FMS as an indicator of specific joint ROM.
Hirao Cross-Coupling Reaction as an Efficient Tool to Build Non-natural C2-Phosphonylated Sugars
Authors: Monasson Olivier , Malinowski Maciej , Ferry Angélique , Lubin-Germain Nadège
Published: November 2021

A range of C2-phosphonylated sugars have been accessed through a palladium-catalyzed Hirao cross-coupling on 2-iodoglycals using trialkylphosphites as phosphorylating reagents. The developed conditions led to the creation of an unnatural C–P bond on sugars and proved to be compatible with diversely protected glycals (acetyl-, benzyl-, PMB-protected) as well as with unprotected substrates. Several monosaccharides and one disaccharide have been synthesized by applying this methodology. Deprotection conditions are also described.
Differences in Force Levels, Word Recognition in Quiet, Sentence Reception Threshold in Noise, and Subjective Outcomes for a Bone-Anchored Hearing Device Programmed Using Manufacturer First-Fit, Aided Sound-Field Thresholds and Programmed to DSL-BCD Using a Skull Simulator
Authors: Voss Adam , Brockmeyer Alison , Valente Michael , Pumford John , Wick Cameron C. , Durakovic Nedim
Published: November 2021

Abstract Background Best practice guidelines for verifying fittings of bone-anchored hearing devices (BAHD) recommend using aided sound-field thresholds (ASFT), but express caution regarding the variables impacting obtaining valid and reliable ASFTs.1 Recently,
a skull simulator was introduced to facilitate programming BAHD devices in force level (FL) to desired sensation level-bone conduction devices (skull simulator/DSL-BCD)2 3 targets in a hearing aid analyzer. Currently, no evidence is available reporting if differences in measured FL using the
manufacturer first-fit (FF) and word recognition in quiet, sentence reception threshold in noise, and subjective outcomes are present for a BAHD programmed using ASFT versus programmed using skull simulator/DSL-BCD targets. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine if significant
differences were present in FL using the FF and word recognition in quiet at 50 and 65 decibel of sound pressure level (dB SPL), sentence reception threshold in noise and subjective outcomes using the abbreviated profile of hearing aid benefit (APHAB), and speech, spatial, and qualities of
hearing (SSQ) between a BAHD fit using ASFT or skull simulator/DSL-BCD targets. Research Design A double-blind randomized crossover design with 15 adults having unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. All participants were successful users of the Cochlear America Baha 5.
Data Collection and Analysis Baha Power 5 devices were fit using FF, ASFT, and skull simulator/DSL-BCD targets. Order of the three fitting strategies was randomly assigned and counter-balanced. Results No significant differences were found for a BAHD device programmed
using ASFT versus skull simulator/DSL-BCD targets for consonant-nucleus-consonant words in quiet at 50 or 65 dB SPL, sentence reception threshold in noise, the APHAB or SSQ. There were, however, significant differences, at primarily 500 to 2,000 Hz in measured FLs between the
FF, ASFT, and skull simulator/DSL-BCD targets at 50 and 65 dB SPL. Conclusions There were no significant differences in subject performance with two speech measures and subjective responses to two questionnaires for BAHD fittings using ASFT versus using skull simulator/DSL-BCD
targets. Differences in FL between the three fitting strategies were present primarily at 500 to 2,000 Hz. Limitations of the study are highlighted along with situations where the skull simulator can play a significantly beneficial role when fitting BAHD devices.
Comparison of Speech Recognition in Cochlear Implant Users with Different Speech Processors
Authors: Pinheiro Maria Madalena Canina , Mancini Patricia Cotta , Soares Alexandra Dezani , Ribas Ângela , Lima Danielle Penna , Cavadas Marcia , Banhara Marcos Roberto , Carvalho Sirley Alves da Silva , Buzo Byanka Cagnacci
Published: November 2021

Abstract Background Speech recognition in noisy environments is a challenge for both cochlear implant (CI) users and device manufacturers. CI manufacturers have been investing in technological innovations for processors and researching strategies to improve signal
processing and signal design for better aesthetic acceptance and everyday use. Purpose This study aimed to compare speech recognition in CI users using off-the-ear (OTE) and behind-the-ear (BTE) processors. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted with 51
CI recipients, all users of the BTE Nucleus 5 (CP810) sound processor. Speech perception performances were compared in quiet and noisy conditions using the BTE sound processor Nucleus 5 (N5) and OTE sound processor Kanso. Each participant was tested with the Brazilian-Portuguese version of
the hearing in noise test using each sound processor in a randomized order. Three test conditions were analyzed with both sound processors: (i) speech level fixed at 65 decibel sound pressure level in a quiet, (ii) speech and noise at fixed levels, and (iii) adaptive speech levels with a fixed
noise level. To determine the relative performance of OTE with respect to BTE, paired comparison analyses were performed. Results The paired t-tests showed no significant difference between the N5 and Kanso in quiet conditions. In all noise conditions, the performance
of the OTE (Kanso) sound processor was superior to that of the BTE (N5), regardless of the order in which they were used. With the speech and noise at fixed levels, a significant mean 8.1 percentage point difference was seen between Kanso (78.10%) and N5 (70.7%) in the sentence scores.
Conclusion CI users had a lower signal-to-noise ratio and a higher percentage of sentence recognition with the OTE processor than with the BTE processor.
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Accuracy of Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Screw Fixation in Cats
Authors: Wills Daniel J. , Neville-Towle Jack , Podadera Juan , Johnson Kenneth A.
Published: November 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to report the use of computed tomography (CT) for postoperative evaluation of the accuracy of sacroiliac reduction and minimally invasive screw fixation in a series of five cats.

Methods Medical records between January 2016 and March 2017 of cats presenting to the author's institution were reviewed. Included were cats that had undergone minimally invasive sacroiliac screw fixation with a complete medical record and pre- and postoperative radiographs. Screw size was obtained from the medical records. CT images were acquired prospectively and evaluated to assess joint reduction, relative screw size and screw positioning.

Results Six sacroiliac luxations and 6 screws were available. Fixation was achieved with either a 2.4 (n = 1) or 2.7 mm (n = 5), 316L stainless steel, cortical bone screw. Mean screw size as a proportion of sacral diameter was 47.7%. Sacroiliac reduction >90% in the craniocaudal plane and sacral screw purchase >60% of the sacral width were achieved in 3/5 cases. Mean dorsoventral screw angulation was 1.6 degrees (range: −9.7 to 11.7 degrees) and craniocaudal angulation was −4.5 degrees (range: −16.6 to 6.6 degrees). Complications included screw loosening in the one case of bilateral repair and penetration of the neural canal in one case which was not detected with postoperative radiographic evaluation.

Clinical Significance CT evaluation provides a useful method for the assessment of sacroiliac reduction and the accuracy of screw placement.
Perception, Knowledge, and Professional Behavior of Dentists about Silver Diamine Flouride: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Abbas Beenish , Aamer Sidra , Anwar Fizza Sahar , Farhan Farah , Wajahat Mehreen , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: November 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to survey the educational experiences, knowledge, and attitude of dentists in Pakistan about the professional use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF). This study also aimed to determine if SDF educational experience at the undergraduate level can result in a more positive attitude and increased clinical usage of SDF.

Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional survey, conducted at multiple dental institutes across Pakistan using a pre-validated questionnaire to assess the knowledge, experience, and professional expertise of dentists regarding the use of SDF. The data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS (version 23.0) data management software by IBM.

Results The results of this study were deemed significant in terms of achievement of the study aims. The majority of the responders, 178 (79.8%), reported online resources to be the main source of information about SDF treatment, whereas 103 (46.1%) responders gained information from a dental journal. A higher number of consultants were reported to be well educated regarding SDF treatment during their residency training as compared with demonstrators, house officers, and postgraduate trainees (p < 0.001). About 64 (28.7%) responders agreed that SDF is a better alternative treatment for children with behavioral issues, 74 (33.2%) agreed that it is a better treatment option for medically fragile patients, and 79 (35.4%) agreed that it can be used as an alternative for patients with dental anxiety. It was agreed by 82 (36.8%) responders that SDF is a good treatment option for patients who recently have received chemotherapy radiation therapy.

Conclusion It is the need of time to put all educational efforts together to enhance knowledge regarding the use, advantages, and potential problems of SDF.
Correction to: Pynchon and Philosophy
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: November 2021

All chapters in the book are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Influence of external microwave radiation on transport characteristics of superconducting MoRe-Si(W)-MoRe junctions
Authors: Shapovalov A. P. , Shaternik V. E. , Boliasova O. O. , Suvorov A. Yu.
Published: November 2021

Specific response of superconducting devices to electromagnetic radiation is a core phenomenon for various applications, ranging from the voltage standard to single photon detectors. One of such effects is the stimulation of the superconductivity itself by microwaves. In the work, we have investigated the impact of external microwave irradiation on the stair-step current-voltage characteristics of MoRe–Si(W)–MoRe Josephson junctions arisen due to phase-slip events in the studied samples. At frequencies above a threshold value, we have observed the stimulation effect that can be explained by a non-equilibrium redistribution of filled energy levels in W clusters. In conclusion, we discuss the main tasks for future research.
Dynamics of fractional vortices in two-band superconductors
Authors: Kutsyk A. M. , Kasatkin A. L. , Kordyuk A. A.
Published: November 2021

The entry of fractional vortices and their subsequent dynamics inside a two-band superconductor is explored based on the numerical solutions of time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equations. We consider the case when superfluid electron condensates from two zones are characterized by quite different parameters, such as coherence lengths ξi, and London penetration depths λi, which in turn leads to the different critical magnetic fields Hc,iand fractional flux quanta ϕivalues for the superconducting state in these two zones. Numerical solutions of TDGL equations in increasing external magnetic field followed by mathematical modeling of magnetic flux penetration were performed for this case by finite element method. We have explored the time evolution for the fractional vortices penetration process and their subsequent dynamics inside the specimens for two geometries: the circular disk, and the circular disk with a triangular cutout. Obtained results indicate that magnetic flux penetrates inside the specimen in the form of fractional vortices when they can overcome the edge barrier, which may be different for these two vortex types. Therefore, in increasing external magnetic field first penetrate vortices with a lower barrier height (i.e., lower Hc,i) while the other type of fractional vortices start their penetration at higher external field value. Another mechanism for the formation of fractional vortices during their entrance in a two-band superconductor is related to the difference in their flux values and viscosity coefficients which determine the rate of vortex proliferation inside the sample. Within the specimen, fractional vortices move in order to arrange. Vortices of different types attract to each other and try to stick together thus forming composite vortices with the whole flux quantum value ϕ0 = h/2e.
Transverse Anderson localization of evanescent waves propagating in randomly layered media
Authors: Usatenko O. V. , Melnyk S. S. , Yampol’skii V. A.
Published: November 2021

We study theoretically the transverse Anderson localization of light in the simplest geometry, where the p-polarized wave propagates along the layers in the randomly stratified dielectric and evanesces exponentially in the direction across the layers. In this case, there exist two reasons for the localization of the wave in the direction transverse to its propagation: the usual evanescent wave confinement and the Anderson mechanism related to the randomness of the spatial distribution of permittivity. We solve the problem using the retarded-Green-function formalism in the Born approximation and show that, for fixed values of the wave frequency ω and wavenumber q, the random inhomogeneity results in the weakening of the wave localization. In the case of the surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) propagation, the Anderson mechanism changes the dispersion law for SPPs, moving the dispersion curves away from the light line. Therefore, the localization depth varies in different ways when increasing the disorder, depending on which of the values, wave vector q or frequency ω, is fixed. Namely, the localization depth increases for given q, but it decreases for given ω.
Handedness control in polarization lattice fields by using spiral phase filters
Authors: Pal Sushanta Kumar , Arora Gauri , Ruchi  , Senthilkumaran P.
Published: November 2021

In scalar optics, a spiral phase plate (SPP) spatial filter, independent of its polarity, can perform radial Hilbert transform for isotropic edge enhancement of objects. The same 4f spatial filter setup is also useful to realize multiple-beam interference. However, the polarity of the SPP phase filter can decide the handedness of certain polarization lattice fields created by multiple-beam interference. It is interesting to note that a phase element is exhibiting polarization control on structured fields. We demonstrate this by creating few lattice structures with and without C-point singularities. Experimental and simulation results are presented. The current study may be useful in optical chirality measurement, signal processing, and structured illumination microscopy.
High hardness metal compounds: Prediction of Re3C under pressure
Authors: Hu Peiju , Xie Xing , Dong Huafeng , Wen Minru , Huang Le , Mu Zhongfei , Wu Fugen , Wang Chengyong
Published: November 2021

High-hardness metal compounds have huge potential applications in multifunctional devices used under extreme conditions. Here, an ab initio evolutionary algorithm was used to systematically search for structures in the Re3C system with high hardness and metallicity under the pressure of 0–300 gigapascal (GPa). We discovered a structure (namely, C2/m) with the lowest enthalpy at 154 GPa and two metastable phases (namely, P63/mmc and C2/m-α), which could maintain thermodynamic and mechanical stability at zero pressure, and they could be quenched to ambient conditions. More importantly, the hardness of the metal compounds (21.4 GPa for C2/m, 25.2 GPa for P63/mmc) exceeds that of TiN (18.7 GPa), the material for commercial machine tools. In addition, our analysis shows that the coexistence of Re–C bond and Re–Re bond with strong coupling, and avoiding the antibonding state of 5d-electron of Re–Re bond near the Fermi level, could be the reasons why the structure has high hardness and metal properties at the same time.
Hybrid waves for a (2 + 1)-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation
Authors: Deng Gao-Fu , Gao Yi-Tian , Yu Xin , Ding Cui-Cui , Jia Ting-Ting , Li Liu-Qing
Published: November 2021

Shallow water waves are studied for the applications in hydraulic engineering and environmental engineering. In this paper, a (2 + 1)-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation is investigated. Hybrid solutions consisting of H-soliton, M-breather, and J-lump solutions have been constructed via the modified Pfaffian technique, where H, M, and J are the positive integers. One-breather solutions with a real function ϕ(y) are derived, where y is the scaled space variable; we notice that ϕ(y) influences the shapes of the background planes, and the one-breather solutions are localized along the curve (k1R+k2R)x+(k1Rk1I2+k1R2+k2Rk2I2+k2R2)ϕ(y)+w1t+Ω1R+Ω2R=0, while periodic along the curve (k1I+k2I)x−(k1Ik1I2+k1R2+k2Ik2I2+k2R2)ϕ(y)+w2t+Ω1I+Ω2I=0, where k1R, k1I, k2R, k2I, w1, w2, Ω1R, Ω1I, Ω2R, and Ω2I are the real constants. Discussions on the hybrid waves consisting of one breather and one soliton indicate that the one breather is not affected by one soliton after interaction. One-lump solutions with ϕ(y) are obtained with the condition k1R2<k1I2; we notice that the one lump consists of two low valleys and one high peak, and the amplitude and velocity keep invariant during its propagation. Hybrid waves consisting of the one lump and one soliton imply that the shape of the one soliton becomes periodic when ϕ(y) is changed from a linear function to a periodic function. Constant coefficient α can affect the propagation direction and velocity of the one breather and one lump, respectively.
Enhancing hole injection by electric dipoles for efficient blue InP QLEDs
Authors: Tan Yangzhi , Zhang Wenda , Xiao Xiangtian , Sun Jiayun , Ma Jingrui , Zhang Tianqi , Mei Guanding , Wang Zhaojin , Zhao Fangqing , Wu Dan , Choy Wallace C. H. , Sun Xiao Wei , Wang Kai
Published: November 2021

The unbalanced carrier injection is a key factor that deteriorates the performance of blue InP quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Therefore, to achieve efficient blue InP QLEDs, an effective strategy that balances carrier injection through enhancing the hole injection and transport is in demand. In this study, we introduced an ultrathin MoO3 electric dipole layer between the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) to form a pair of dipole-induced built-in electric fields with forward resultant direction to enhance hole injection and facilitate the balance of carrier injection. Meanwhile, the p-doping effect by MoO3 leads to increased carrier concentration and decreased trap density of interfacial HTL, therefore improved its effective hole mobility. Consequently, the maximal external quantum efficiency of blue InP QLEDs was enhanced from 1.0% to 2.1%. This work provides an effective method to balance carrier injection by modulating hole injection and transport, indicating the feasibility to realize high-efficiency QLEDs.
Phase field model of faceted anatase TiO2 dendrites in low pressure chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Huang Y. , Masters S. L. , Krumdieck S. P. , Bishop C. M.
Published: November 2021

Anatase TiO2 nanorods with a well-defined ⟨110⟩ texture have been studied using a model-based characterization technique based on a previous modeling framework. Intricate secondary side facet characteristics of tilt angles of 26.5° have been indexed, and a ⟨112⟩ growth direction of the well-aligned facets is identified. These results have not been accessed experimentally but crucial in understanding the nature of the most abundant facets and their structural properties. We find agreement between our results and indirect experimental measurements. Highly exposed {116} facets are found to be responsible for excellent electrochemical surface properties in nanostructured anatase TiO2 thin films.
Tenfold efficiency improvement of x-ray radioluminescent batteries basing on GAGG:Ce single crystal scintillators
Authors: Zhao Chen , Ren Jiwei , Lei Lin , Liao Feiyi , Shi Xianglei , Zhou Dayong , Liu Kezhao , Zhao Yiying
Published: November 2021

Low energy conversion efficiency and low output power are the major limiting factors of isotope batteries as miniature power supplies for the broad applications, such as micro-electromechanical systems and aerospace electronics. In this work, highly efficient x-ray radioluminescent batteries are demonstrated based on single-crystal scintillators and spectra-matched photovoltaic batteries. X-ray sources are chosen to reduce the backscattering loss, and cerium doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (GAGG:Ce) single-crystal scintillators are adopted to improve the radioluminescence efficiency and light coupling efficiency, for their high x-ray absorption ability and high light-yield. The bandgap of photovoltaic battery is also optimized to match the luminescence spectrum of GAGG:Ce to maximize the photovoltaic efficiency. An optimal radioluminescent battery is achieved with an output power of 13.4 μW/cm2 and a conversion efficiency of 1.28%, which is a 10.7-times improvement in the previous best reports (0.12%). This exciting progress indicates the promising potential of radioluminescent batteries in broad applications and will inspire the further exploration for the research community of radioisotope batteries.
O2 solvation cavity in voids of ionic liquids studied by the solvatochromic red shift of O2(1Δg) phosphorescence
Authors: Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Okoshi Masayuki , Kawai Akio
Published: November 2021

Phosphorescence spectroscopy of singlet oxygen [=O2(1Δg)] was applied to study the solvation properties of small solute molecule, O2, in ionic liquids. Unlike conventional molecular solvents, the spectral red shift of the O2(1Δg) phosphorescence in ionic liquids from the gas phase was found to depend not only on the refractive index of solvents but also on the vdW volume of anions. This unusual spectral shift of the O2(1Δg) luminescence is interpreted by considering the size of solvation cavities in voids, which is estimated by analyzing the free volume in ionic liquids. These results suggest the potential of the O2(1Δg) phosphorescence spectral shift measurement in the study of molecular-scale voids in ionic liquids.
Correlated escape of active particles across a potential barrier
Authors: Caprini Lorenzo , Cecconi Fabio , Marini Bettolo Marconi Umberto
Published: November 2021

We study the dynamics of one-dimensional active particles confined in a double-well potential, focusing on the escape properties of the system, such as the mean escape time from a well. We first consider a single-particle both in near and far-from-equilibrium regimes by varying the persistence time of the active force and the swim velocity. A non-monotonic behavior of the mean escape time is observed with the persistence time of the activity, revealing the existence of an optimal choice of the parameters favoring the escape process. For small persistence times, a Kramers-like formula with an effective potential obtained within the unified colored noise approximation is shown to hold. Instead, for large persistence times, we developed a simple theoretical argument based on the first passage theory, which explains the linear dependence of the escape time with the persistence of the active force. In the second part of the work, we consider the escape on two active particles mutually repelling. Interestingly, the subtle interplay of active and repulsive forces may lead to a correlation between particles, favoring the simultaneous jump across the barrier. This mechanism cannot be observed in the escape process of two passive particles. Finally, we find that in the small persistence regime, the repulsion favors the escape, such as in passive systems, in agreement with our theoretical predictions, while for large persistence times, the repulsive and active forces produce an effective attraction, which hinders the barrier crossing.
Optimisation of the efficiency of tapered erbium-doped optical fibre
Authors: Khudyakov M.M. , Levchenko A.E. , Vel’miskin V.V. , Bobkov K.K. , Aleshkina S.S. , Bubnov M.M. , Yashkov M.V. , Guryanov A.N. , Kotov L.V. , Likhachev M.E.
Published: November 2021

We have developed a cladding pumped tapered erbium-doped fibre with a record-high core diameter for erbium-doped fibres (100 mm) and a near diffraction-limited beam quality (μ
2 ∼ 1.3). Optimisation of the tapered fibre parameters provided a high (18 %) efficiency of pump radiation conversion at a wavelength of 976 nm into signal radiation at a wavelength of 1560 nm.
Measurement of the longitudinal relaxation time for the nitrogen nuclear spin in a nitrogen-vacancy colour centre of diamond
Authors: Soshenko V.V. , Cojocaru I.S. , Bolshedvorskii S.V. , Rubinas O.R. , Smolyaninov A.N. , Vorobyov V.V. , Sorokin V.N. , Akimov A.V.
Published: November 2021

A longitudinal relaxation time of a nitrogen-14 atom nuclear spin for a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centre in diamond is measured by the modified double optical resonance method. The diamond sample was grown by the method of high temperature and pressure and comprised 1 ppm of NVcentres. The longitudinal relaxation time was 43(6) s, which was compared to the time calculated in the model of relaxation due to the electron spin of colour centre interaction with phonons and spin reservoir. The time measured well agrees with predictions of the model.