bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Escudo de Italia. El ejército de Lombardía, clave del poder español en la península italiana (1560-1700)
Authors: Maffi Davide
Published: November 2021

En el periodo entre 1560 y 1700, el ejército de Lombardía era el segundo en importancia de la monarquía española. El fuerte presidio acuartelado en Milán permitía no solo el control de los acesos a la península italiana, ejerciendo el papel de antemural de los reinos de Nápoles y de Sicilia, sino también una rápida conexión con los primos vieneses de los Austrias y con las llanuras alemanas. Todo ello sin olvidar el papel de Milán como punto de partida del camino español. Esta presencia de miles de hombres armados inevitablemente comportó un aumento de las cargas fiscales en el Milanesado, de manera que las comunidades locales fueron llamadas a contribuir cada vez más al esfuerzo bélico de la Monarquía. En consecuencia, a partir de la década de los cuarenta el país pagó prácticamente las dos terceras partes del gasto militar y todavía más en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII. A pesar de las duras criticas, tanto de los contemporáneos como de la historiografía decimonónica, el ejército de Lombardía supo garantizar el predominio español en Italia y siguió representando una fuerza bien organizada y eficiente en el campo de batalla hasta finales del siglo XVII.
Synchronization of chaotic delayed systems via intermittent control and its adaptive strategy
Authors: Liu Mei , Chen Jie , Jiang Haijun , Yu Zhiyong , Hu Cheng , Lu Binglong
Published: November 2021

In this paper the problem of synchronization for delayed chaotic systems is considered based on aperiodic intermittent control. First, delayed chaotic systems are proposed via aperiodic adaptive intermittent control. Next, to cut down the control gain, a new generalized intermittent control and its adaptive strategy is introduced. Then, by constructing a piecewise Lyapunov auxiliary function and making use of piecewise analysis technique, some effective and novel criteria are obtained to ensure the global synchronization of delayed chaotic systems by means of the designed control protocols. At the end, two examples with numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results proposed scheme.
Feedback exponential stabilization of the semilinear heat equation with nonlocal initial conditions
Authors: Munteanu Ionuţ
Published: November 2021

The present paper is devoted to the problem of stabilization of the one-dimensional semilinear heat equation with nonlocal initial conditions. The control is with boundary actuation. It is linear, of finite-dimensional structure, given in an explicit form. It allows to write the corresponding solution of the closed-loop equation in a mild formulation via a kernel, then to apply a fixed point argument in a convenient space.
Ліївські симетрії лінійних сис- тем двох звичайних диференціальних рівнянь другого порядку
Authors: Локазюк О.В.
Published: November 2021

Розв’язано задачу повної групової класифікації класу нормальних лінійних систем звичайних диференціальних рівнянь другого порядку з двома залежними змінними над дійсним полем. Доведення суттєво використовує опис допустимих перетворень цього класу та теорему Лі про реалізації алгебр Лі на прямій.
Моделювання і розрахунки очистки стічних вод від сполук азоту в біореакторах з використанням біоплівкових моделей
Authors: Олійник О.Я. , Телима С.В. , Калугін Ю.І. , Олійник Е.О.
Published: November 2021

Запропоновано математичну модель та розрахунки параметрів очистки стічних вод від сполук амоній ного азоту(нітрифікація) в біореакторах з додатковим облаштуванням в їх об’ємі закріпленого біоценозу у вигляді біоплівки. Дана оцінка впливу різних факторів на параметри очистки. В моделі використовується кінетика реакцій згідно нелінійного рівняння Моно, що дозволяє проводити розрахунки по визначенню концентрацій азоту на зовнішній та внутрішній поверхнях біоплівки та оцінювати ефективність дії біоплівки заданої товщини по характеру проникнення в ній забруднень азоту. При цьому потік субстрату та глибина проникнення в біоплівку є функціями концентрації субстрату на поверхні біоплівки, швидкості реакції всередині біоплівки і дифузійного масопереносу. У якості основного параметра для оцінки впливу кисню, який контролює процес окислення амонію до нітритів, пропонується використання відношення концентрацій кисню до амонійного азоту. Як показали конкретні приклади і розрахунки, дане відношення мо же бути кращою альтернативою контролю за нітрифікацією в реакторі у порівнянні з концентрацією кисню.
Вплив гідрофобних властивостей композитної системи на адсорбцію барвників різної природи
Authors: Клименко Н.Ю. , Крупська Т.В. , Туров В.В.
Published: November 2021

Досліджено адсорбційну здатність різних форм кремнеземів щодо катіонного (метиленовий синій (МС)) та аніонного (конго червоний (КЧ)) барвників. Проведено адсорбцію МС із розчинів, що моделюють середовище шлунка та кишечника. За отриманими ізотермами оцінено сорбційну здатність кремнеземів у різних модельних середовищах. У разі адсорбції МС з кислого розчину (рН 1,5) спостерігається зменшення величини адсорбції внаслідок електростатичного відштовхування однозаряджених складових. Ущільнення кремнезему зменшує адсорбцію барвників у вибраному інтервалі рН. Показано, що композитна система на основі суміші гідрофільного та гідрофобного кремнеземів характеризується високими сорбційними властивостями щодо КЧ порівняно з ущільненими адсорбентами. У випадку МС композит А-300/АМ1-300 має в 2 і 3,7 раза вищу адсорбцію в кислій області рН порівняно з ущільненими формами кремнезему (А-300 з Сd = 300 г/л та А-300 з Сd = 175 г/л відповідно). Значення адсорбції МС більше ніж у 6 разів вищі порівняно з КЧ, що може бути обумовлено електростатичними взаємодіями між молекулами барвника та поверхнею кремнезему.
Association of body image with physical activity, sleep, meal and smoking in obese male
Authors: Tomar Rakesh , Antony Varghese C
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. Body image is a multidimensional construct that involves mental representations of the body, feelings, cognitions, and behaviors. The objective was to compare body image among different categories of obesity, investigate the relationship between obesity and body image, and examine the association of physical activity, meal habits, sleep, and smoking with body image.
Material and Methods. Fifty-five undergraduate students Mean age 19.7±0.90 were divide into three obese categories: Obese Class I (30 < 35 kg/m2), Obese Class II (35 < 40 kg/m2) and Obese Class III (≥40.00 kg/m2). Body Image measured through (MBSRQ-AS).
Results. ANOVA revealed no significant difference among BMI categories on body image global score F (2,52) = 0.074, p = 0.928. Pearson product-moment correlation could not establish significant relationship between body image and BMI (r= -0.00, n=55, p= 0.998). We found a strong association of smoking with body image X(1) = 6.909, p=0.009. However, the statistical analysis of data could not establish any significant association of PA X(1) = 0.044, p=0.978; sleep X(1) = 2.403, p=0.121; and number of meals X(1) = 0.654, p=0.721; with body image among obese individuals.
Conclusions. The university students exhibited low body image. Higher scores on Self-Classified Weight describe how individuals perceive their weight and how they believe others perceive it. The low scores on Appearance Evaluation determine unhappiness with their physical appearance. Interestingly, most students are getting sufficient sleep, and a high percentage of the students’ population is not smoking. The university needs to encourage physical activity and healthy eating behavior.
Electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises in football players
Authors: Çilli Murat , Yasar Merve N. , Çakir Onur
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises, having two different mechanics.
Material and Methods. The athletes performed the prone leg curl and Nordic curl exercises in random order, 6 repetitions each. Electromyographic data of semimemranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles were recorded by 8-channel electromyography in order to examine the muscle responses to exercises. Total duration of exercise, cumulative integrated electromyographic values and muscle activation rates in 5 different intensity zones determined according to MVC% values have been compared.
Results. Prone leg curl exercise occurred in less time than Nordic curl exercise. According to the cumulative integrated electromyography data results, all muscles showed similar muscle activation in both exercises. Comparing the muscle activation rates in the five intensity zones, more muscle activity was observed for Nordic curl exercise in the first intensity zone, while prone leg curl exercise was more active in the third and fourth zones. During the prone leg curl exercise, the muscle activation rate of the dominant leg is higher in the first intensity zone, whereas the non-dominant leg in the fourth intensity zone has a higher muscle activation. During the Nordic curl exercise, the muscle activation rates of the dominant leg in the first and fifth intensity zones are higher, whereas the nondominant leg in the fourth intensity zone is higher.
Conclusions. Prone leg curl exercises can be preferred in order to stimulate high muscle activation in a short time. Comparing the two exercises there was no significant difference in muscle activity in dominant and nondominant legs.
Injury prevention of student rock climbers based on the formation of rational technique of movements: a randomized control trial
Authors: Kozin Serhii , Kozina Zhanneta , Jagiello Marina , Joksimović Marko
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. Students are often injured while playing sports. The main condition for preventing injuries is the correct technique of movements. In the literature, rock climbing has not been analyzed in terms of prevention of student injuries. Therefore, the development of programs to prevent injuries of students-rock climbers is relevant. Aim: to determine the impact of the use of exercises in a closed kinematic chain on the technical skill and the number of injuries to the elbows of student-rock climbers based on the analysis of the one-arm hang technique.
Material and methods. First, to substantiate the correct technique in rock climbing, the technique of performing one-arm hang was analyzed by 20 leading male climbers of Ukraine and 20 students - novice male climbers. Then a randomized control study was conducted. The participants in the randomized control study were 40 male students-climbers in the intervention group and 44 male students-climbers in the control group aged 18-19 years. The one-arm hang technique was determined based on the angles between the shoulder and the collarbone during the movement. The experiment lasted 1 year. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the analysis of the one-arm hang technique was carried out. The number of elbow injuries in both groups was also recorded.
Results. The main parameters of the one-arm hang technique for qualified and unskilled climbers have been substantiated. For qualified climbers, one-arm hang involves the muscles of the shoulder girdle, torso, and legs. In unskilled climbers, one-arm hang is provided only by the muscles of the arm. In a control randomized study, there was a significant improvement in the results of biomechanical analysis of the hang technique in athletes in the intervention group (p <0.001). The use of exercises in a closed kinematic chain significantly reduces the incidence rate of elbow injuries in student-climbers (p <0.05). The odds rate of mild elbow injuries in the control group was 4.625 times higher than the intervention one (95% CI: 1.198; 17.854), the odds rate of moderate injuries in the control group was 5.588 times higher than in the control group than the intervention one (95% CI: 1.143; 27.324).
Conclusions. Exercises in closed kinematic chains are an effective means of improving climbing technique and injury preventing to university students during rock climbing.
Functional preparedness of women of the first period of mature age of different somatotypes
Authors: Miroshnichenko Viacheslav M. , Furman Yuriy M. , Bohuslavska Viktoriia Yu. , Brezdeniuk Oleksandra Yu. , Salnykova Svitlana V. , Shvets Oksana P. , Boiko Maryna O.
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. It is believed that the somatotype is a predictor of indicators of functional readiness. There are significant differences in the aerobic performance of the body for people of different somatotypes among students girls and men. Features of manifestation of anaerobic possibilities of an organism at persons of various somatotypes from 7 to 30 years old are described. We can assume that women of the first adulthood period of different somatotypes, indicators of functional readiness are manifested in different ways. The aim of the study was to identify the features of aerobic, anaerobic lactate and anaerobic alactate productivity of women of the first period of mature age of different somatotypes.
Material and Methods. The study involved 210 females 25-35 years old. Somatotype was determined in all subjects. Functional readiness was determined by indicators of anaerobic lactatic productivity, anaerobic alactatic productivity and aerobic productivity of the organism. The power of aerobic energy supply processes was investigated by VO2max. To determine the VO2max used cycling ergometric version of the PWC 170 test. The subjects was performed a stepwise increasing load on the ergometer to determine the TAM. At the end of each stage, heart rate was recorded. The TAM level corresponded to the inflection point on the heart rate growth chart. The capacity of anaerobic lactate processes of energy supply was investigated by indicator of the maximum quantity of mechanical work for 1 minute (MQMK). The subjects performed a bicycle ergometric load duration 1 min with a power of 225 W with a maximum pedaling frequency. The power of anaerobic lactate processes of energy supply was determined by the Wingate anaerobic test WAnT 30. The power of anaerobic alactate processes of energy supply was determined by the test WAnT 10. Statistical processing was performed using the program STATISTICA 13.
Results. According to absolute indicators (WAnT10. WAnT30. MQMK, TAM, VO2max) the advantage of representatives of endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype was established. According to relative indicators of aerobic productivity (TAM, VO2max) representatives of the ectomorphic and balanced somatotype predominate.
Conclusions. High values of absolute indicators of functional readiness are associated with high values ​​of body mass in combination with a high percentage of muscle for women of different somatotypes.  Accordingly, for representatives of somatotypes with lower body mass are characterized by lower absolute values ​​of all indicators of functional fitness. The relative indicators of aerobic productivity are dominated by representatives of somatotypes, which are characterized by lower body mass.
The level of physical activity of university students in Slovakia during COVID - 19 pandemic
Authors: Líška Dávid , Barcalová Miroslava , Liptáková Erika , Jančoková Ľudmila , Vojtaško Ľuboš , Gurín Daniel
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has affected several areas of human and public life. The implementation of the restrictions affects free movement, leading to limited physical activity (PA) level. The main aim of the study was to determine the level of PA of university students in Slovakia during COVID–19 pandemics.

Material and Methods. The sample consisted of 3128 university students. Data was obtained from students from three universities with different specializations. A questionnaire about lifestyle with questions about physical activity was used. The questionnaire was distributed using online communication systems of universities. The online questionnaire was answered by 3128 students.

Results. Analyzed data were obtained from 3128 students. The results indicate that 38% of all students exercise 3-4 times per week, while 41% exercise 1-2 times per week, and 21% do not exercise at all, or exercise 1-2 times per month. Found weak positive correlation (r=0,337) was between the exercise frequency and perception of well-being, and a very weak positive correlation (r=0,187) between the exercise frequency and stress intensity. A moderate positive correlation was found between the perception of health and life energy (r=0,579). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the perception of health and physical strength (r=0,579).

Conclusions. COVID-19 restrictions have been associated with the reduction of physical activity of the students. To avoid the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle, it is necessary to promote activity among university students.
ABANDONO DOCENTE NA REDE MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: CARRASQUEIRA KARINA , KOSLINSKI MARIANE
Published: November 2021

RESUMO: A retenção de professores é um desafio enfrentado por diversas redes educacionais no mundo inteiro, e tem impactos para os sistemas escolares, para escolas e para os alunos. Este artigo teve por objetivo investigar os fatores associados ao abandono docente na rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou bases de dados provenientes da Secretaria Municipal do Rio de Janeiro (SME-RJ) e do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) que permitiram acompanhar, entre 2012 e 2016, a trajetória de 3594 professores que tomaram posse entre 2009 e 2011. As análises utilizaram modelos de regressões logísticas para estimar a probabilidade de o professor abandonar a rede. Os resultados indicam que professores mais jovens e com maior nível de escolaridade apresentam maior probabilidade de abandonar a rede. Além disso, o perfil do alunado, a experiência de mudar de escola e as pressões de uma política de responsabilização escolar, que vigorava no período em que a pesquisa foi realizada, também se mostraram fatores associados à probabilidade do docente abandonar a rede.
UMA PROPOSTA PARA A ELABORAÇÃO DO JOGO PEDAGÓGICO A PARTIR DA CONCEPÇÃO DE ESQUEMAS CONCEITUAIS
Authors: MORAES FERNANDO APARECIDO DE , SOARES MÁRLON HERBERT FLORA BARBOSA
Published: November 2021

RESUMO: Este artigo teórico objetiva apresentar uma proposta de como o jogo pedagógico deve ser analisado e compreendido a partir da concepção de esquemas conceituais. Para tanto, os autores discutem sobre a concepção de jogos recreativos a partir da ótica de três esquemas conceituais, os esquemas: Regras, Interação Lúdica e Cultura. Posteriormente, após caracterizar o jogo pedagógico, de acordo com discussão realizada sob a luz da literatura específica, os autores apresentam e discutem em detalhes o esquema primário proposto por eles para se pensar o jogo pedagógico, o esquema Educação Formal. Por fim, apontam os autores que a proposta pode ser utilizada para se pensar e elaborar jogos pedagógicos não somente para o ensino das Ciências Naturais praticado na Educação Básica, mas em qualquer disciplina vinculada à Educação Formal.
Methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio in diets for tambatinga fingerlings
Authors: Costa Dayana da Conceição da , Bomfim Marcos Antonio Delmondes , Ribeiro Felipe Barbosa , Siqueira Jefferson Costa de , Porto Neliane Galvão , Marchão Rafael da Silva
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Among a variety of hybrids produced in Brazil, tambatinga is obtained from the crossing of a tambaqui female with a pirapitinga male. Although rapid weight gain in less time is an attractive characteristic from a commercial viewpoint, the information on its nutritional requirements, especially amino acid requirements, is limited. As corn and soybean meal-based diets available for fish contain deficient levels of essential amino acid methionine, our objective was to determine the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio in diets for tambatinga fingerlings. We used 900 fish with initial weights varying from 1.49 ±0.59 to 4.14 ±1.70 g, and they were fed six types of diets with different digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratios (50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75%). Performance parameters such as food efficiency, body depositions of protein, fat, and ash, and nitrogen retention efficiency were evaluated. The increase of digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio in the diet improved quadraticly the feed intake, consumption of digestible methionine plus cystine, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion, protein deposition and body ash and retention efficiency nitrogen until the estimated ratios of 57%, 73%, 58%, 58% and 59%, 59%, 58% and 60%, respectively; and reduced linearly the efficiency of using methionine plus cystine for the weight gain. On the other hand, body fat deposition was not affected. We concluded that the digestible methionine plus cystine: lysine ratio in the rations for tambatinga fingerlings is 59%, for provide better performance and body protein deposition.
Reference values for nutritional diagnosis of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear by DRIS and BIK methods
Authors: Teixeira Marcelo Batista , Donato Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues , Silva João Abel da , Donato Paulo Emílio Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The equilibrium and nutritional balance of plants are known to be of utmost importance to evaluate their yield potential and to comprehend the dynamics of nutrients in the soil-plant system. Hence, the present study determined the reference values for evaluating the nutritional status of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated with organic fertilization in semiarid conditions by Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Balanced Indexes of Kenworthy (BIK) methods. The cladodes nutrients contents and dry matter yield of 72 plots were employed. The database was classified into a high-yield and low-yield population, above and below 19.93 Mg ha-1 cycle-1, respectively. The five ranges of nutrient contents in cladodes were defined based on the standard deviation range(s) of the DRIS indexes of the high-yield population. Furthermore, the fixed BIK values made it possible to ascertain the lower and the upper limit of the reference values of nutrient contents in the cladodes. The reference values for all nutrients determined by the DRIS and BIK methods varied from each other and those reported in the literature. These methods were efficient in identifying the limiting nutrients for ‘Gigante’ cactus pear, with differences in the hierarchical order of limitation, due to lack or excess, and nutrients not limiting to productivity.
Peculiarities of microbiocenosis in the upper and lower respiratory tract of clinically healthy calves and the calves with bronchopneumonia
Authors: Nikolaevich Alekhin Yuriy , Sergeevich Zhukov Maksim , Alekseevna Manzhurina Olga , Ivanovna Morgunova Valentina
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Bovine respiratory diseases are widespread and present a multifactorial and variable etiology. However, several aspects of their origin remain understudied. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of changes in calves’ keeping conditions on their clinical state in terms of microbiocenosis in their respiratory tract. The study was conducted in the winter season, with 37 healthy calves, 5-6 months in age, which were transferred from calf barn number 1 with favorable conditions to calf barn number 2 having a similar design as that of the previous barn but with unfavorable microclimatic parameters (drafts, low temperature, and high humidity). Within 7-9 days after their transfer to the other barn by a veterinary specialist, 54.1% of the calves were diagnosed with catarrhal bronchopneumonia. On day 10, all animals were slaughtered and dissected. Mucus samples for bacteriological analysis were obtained from the mucous membrane of seven sections of the respiratory tract of animals. In all calves, the highest degree of contamination was observed in the first half of the ventral nasal passage (84.9 ±24.46% in healthy calves and 85.7 ±18.55% in sick calves). In healthy calves, the degree of contamination in the front of the choanae was lower by a factor of 56.2% (P = 0.000059) compared to sick calves, and this value continued to decrease when moving toward the lower respiratory tract until the complete disappearance of the bacteria.
Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% in goats
Authors: Brito Junior João Ricardo C. , Soares Karoline L. , Soares Yanca G.S. , Oliveira Flaviane N.L. , Alves Renato V. , Miranda Neto Eldinê G. , Dantas Antônio Flávio M. , Galiza Glauco J.N.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% concentration in goats. The outbreak occurred on a farm in the municipality of Prata, Paraíba state. Nitroxinil was administered to a herd of 120 goats, of which 18 presented with anorexia, vocalization, abdominal distension, weakness, staggering, and falls. Necropsy of three goats revealed that the main lesion was acute liver injury. Histologically the liver showed centrilobular necrosis associated with hemorrhage and hepatocyte degeneration. In the kidneys, tubular nephrosis with granular cylinder formations was observed. The lungs showed multifocal to coalescent areas of moderate interalveolar edema and vascular congestion. Experimental poisoning was carried out in two goats, with the same medication and doses administered on the farm. The experimental goats showed clinical signs and macroscopic and histological changes similar to the spontaneously poisoned goats. The diagnosis of nitroxinil poisoning was made based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, and confirmed by experimental poisoning. The administration of nitroxinil in high doses, associated with high ambient temperature and physical exercises, can cause poisoning with high lethality in goats.
Processos de difusão de partículas da mesma natureza em dois estados de energia diferentes
Authors: Bevilacqua Luiz
Published: November 2021

O texto a seguir trata de processos de difusão de partículas de mesma natureza divididas em dois conjuntos complementares que se deslocam estimuladas por dois potenciais distintos. O fluxo principal obedece à lei clássica de Fick e o fluxo secundário é subsidiário ao principal e sujeito a uma nova lei. A teoria é particularmente útil para processos em que as partículas representam variáveis que podem mudar de estado como é o caso em fluxo de capitais e na dinâmica populacional.
A PERSPECTIVA DE PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE SOBRE OS PARTOS DE NATIMORTOS
Authors: Brigagão Jacqueline Isaac Machado , Gonçalves Roselane , Silva Bruna Martins Cardoso da
Published: November 2021

Resumo Profissionais que atuam em hospitais/maternidades enfrentam muitos desafios no atendimento a mulheres que estão vivenciando óbitos fetais, isso porque o habitual nesses locais é lidar com nascimento e vida. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a perspectiva de profissionais de saúde sobre o parto e o pós-parto de mulheres com diagnóstico de óbito fetal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa orientada pela perspectiva construcionista; foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com profissionais que atuam em um hospital/maternidade do estado de São Paulo. A análise discursiva indicou que as/os profissionais de saúde se identificam com o luto das mulheres e das famílias, mas não conseguem se aproximar delas e oferecer intervenções terapêuticas para além da medicalização. Desse modo, é fundamental investir na formação profissional para lidar com a morte, nos cursos de graduação em saúde e nos de educação continuada, nas maternidades e casas de parto.
The Retirement Process from the Perspective of Meaningful Social Networks of Retirees
Authors: Antunes Marcos Henrique , Moré Carmen Leontina Ojeda Ocampo
Published: November 2021

Abstract Research on retirement have traditionally been centered on the individual perspective of the phenomenon. This qualitative study aimed at understanding the relational dynamics in meaningful social networks during the retirement process, as perceived by members of retirees’ networks. Nine people indicated by retirees as members of their social networks (spouses, siblings, friends, and former coworkers) participated in this study. Data collection was performed through the Focus Group technique, and field notes were recorded. Data organization and analysis were based on the Grounded Theory and aided by the Atlas.ti software - Mac version 1.6.0. Results show that retirement triggers a recursive process to break, maintain, or redevelop bonds, with repercussions on the relational issues and proposals among the network of retirees. The study data suggest that the relational dimension greatly affects the retirees’ experience as well as their relational network.
Attachment to the Amazon Rainforest: Constitutive Aspects and their Predictors
Authors: Rosa Daniele da Costa Cunha Borges , Higuchi Maria Inês Gasparetto , Roazzi Antonio
Published: November 2021

Abstract This investigation aims to contribute to the understanding of the attachment to the Amazon rainforest and its predictors, considering the dimensions that characterize this extensive environment. Five instruments were administered to 333 individuals of both genders, over the age of 18, from the cities of Ceres and Manaus, evaluating the Ecological affinity profile; Attachment to the Amazon rainforest; Experiences in nature; Knowledge of the Amazon rainforest; and Socioeconomic factors. The results confirm that attachment depends on the length of stay in the place. Data shows that the ecological affinity profile plays an important role in the attachment to a natural environment, suggesting that this relationship is strengthened by understanding the characteristics of this environment and its experiences. Based on the perspective of Environmental Psychology, this study advances knowledge on place attachment predictors and provides important arguments for the development of pro-environmental interventions focused on emotional and experiential aspects.
FLAGRANTES DA PRESENÇA DE DANTE EM MACHADO DE ASSIS
Authors: SILVA TERESINHA VÂNIA ZIMBRÃO DA , MADDALENO IZABELLA
Published: November 2021

Resumo Este artigo é um recorte de um trabalho maior que se propõe analisar as referências de Machado de Assis ao autor italiano Dante Alighieri e à sua obra. No presente texto, analisamos, sobretudo, as referências a Dante presentes nos romances Dom Casmurro e Memorial de Aires. Revisitamos a fortuna crítica desses livros, acrescentando então algumas considerações. Esperamos que esses flagrantes da presença de Dante em Machado de Assis sejam relevantes para os estudos machadianos.
Imagens e representações sociais: a fotolinguagem e photovoice na produção de dados sobre fenômenos de saúde
Authors: Gomes Nathália Nunes , Silva Julyana Gall da , Queiroz Ana Beatriz Azevedo , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção , Apostolidis Thémis , Silva Rafael Celestino da
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Objetivo refletir sobre o uso de fotos na apreensão das representações sociais de fenômenos na área da saúde, a partir da aplicação da técnica da fotolinguagem e do método photovoice. Método estudo teórico-reflexivo desenvolvido em duas etapas: de análise da literatura; e análise reflexiva sobre a técnica e o método aplicados, pautados nas representações sociais. Desenvolvimento a análise apontou que as fotos possibilitam captar a zona muda das representações, a dimensão dos afetos, dos símbolos e são parte da estratégia de triangulação metodológica para entendimento das múltiplas dimensões que concorrem para a organização do campo da representação social de fenômenos da área da saúde. Conclusão e implicações para a prática as fotos potencializam a apreensão da dimensão figurativa da representação, essencial na compreensão da elaboração do pensamento social. O uso da fotolinguagem e do photovoice na prática operacional de pesquisa contribui para o avanço do conhecimento nos estudos de representações sociais na área da saúde.
O documento como fonte primária nos estudos da enfermagem e da saúde: uma reflexão
Authors: Carlos Djailson José Delgado , Bellaguarda Maria Lígia dos Reis , Padilha Maria Itayra
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Objetivo analisar as interfaces e distinções histórico-conceituais acerca dos estudos documentais, enquanto método de pesquisa, na área da Enfermagem e da saúde. Método ensaio teórico de cunho reflexivo, elaborado com base na literatura nacional e internacional sobre o tema. Resultados apresenta uma teorização acerca da evolução conceitual dos documentos e as contribuições advindas da Escola de Annales, com ênfase na expansão documental, também referida como revolução. Fundamenta conceitos, organização, coleta e análise dos dados documentais e as relações com a pesquisa histórica aplicada à Enfermagem e, por conseguinte, à saúde. Aborda a produção do conhecimento como parte do desenvolvimento da educação e da pesquisa em Enfermagem, no Brasil. Conclusões e implicações para a prática a apropriação das fontes documentais e dos métodos no desenvolvimento da pesquisa, do ensino e da assistência à saúde aguçam a curiosidade e ampliam a capacidade de análise, de crítica e de autonomia de grupos de interesse e estudiosos, esperando-se, com isso, a ampliação do conhecimento relacionado à profissão.
Perceptions of E-Micromobility Vehicles Amongst Staff and Students at Universities in the North of England
Authors: Bridge Gemma
Published: November 2021

Background: Currently, many journeys are under three miles, with most of these journeys completed using private cars. This leads to congestion, pollution and reduced opportunity for physical activity. Swapping private car journeys for walking, cycling or using electric micromobility (e-micromobility) vehicles, such as electric scooters and electric bicycles, could create healthier environments and populations. Whist e-micromobility vehicles are increasing in popularity, questions remain about how they might fit into current transport networks and how they are perceived by communities. Leeds is striving to become a zero emission city by 2030 and the student and staff population in Leeds is diverse and provides a good opportunity to explore perceptions relating to e-micromobility in the region. Objective and methods: This study aimed to explore perceptions of e-scooters and e-bikes as key groups of e-micromobility vehicles amongst university staff and students working or studying at universities in Leeds. An online survey was disseminated online via social media, email networks and via Prolific in November 2021.Findings and implications: Few respondents currently use e-micromobility vehicles. Advantages of e-micromobility vehicles were mentioned and included reduced pollution and convenience for short journeys. Many respondents stated that they would be unlikely to purchase or hire an e-micromobility vehicle soon. Deterrents included cost, concerns about safety and uncertainties about where they can be ridden. Required regulations that respondents mentioned included compulsory training and maximum speed restrictions. These findings could inform future policy relating to e-micromobilities and support transport changes to support ambitions to achieve net zero emissions by 2030 in the region and beyond.
A Review of the South African National Oral Health Policy
Authors: Mukhari-Baloyi Ntsakisi A , Bhayat Ahmed , Madiba Thomas K , Nkambule Ntombizodwa R
Published: October 2021

Advocacy for oral health promotion, prevention and treatment of oral diseases is founded on a comprehensive oral health policy that is integrated into the South African National Health Policy. The policy is intended to be a roadmap in the pursuit of achieving optimum oral health for the South African population. To review the National Oral Health Policy of SA (NOHPSA) in terms of context, strengths, weaknesses, implementation and monitoring regarding the oral health status of the SouthAfrican population.Results Promotive and preventive services lack detail on activities to achieve goals. The objectives, although very well defined, cannot be measured and there is no way of knowing whether they have been achieved. It was evident that the policy needs to be reviewed and updated in accordance to recent survey data, population growth and the profile (number and types) of health service providers. The prospect of updating the policy relies on the availability of current epidemiological surveys, which are not available, the most recent survey was conducted in 2002. The policy lacks a monitoring and evaluation plan. This is critical not only for the assessment of actualisation of aims and objectives, but for the sustainability of intended interventions.
Assessment of Microbiological Safety and Physicochemical Changes of Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) during Storage at 4 °C and 25 °C
Authors: M. Suhaili , M.A.R. Nor-Khaizura , Z.A. Nur Hanani , M.R. Ismail-Fitry , N.I.P. Samsudin , N.N. Jambari
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical properties of grey oyster mushroom during storage (day 0, 3, 6, 9, 12) at 4 °C and 25 °C. The microbial quality and safety analyses were aerobic plate count (APC), yeast and mould count, Escherichia coli count, Bacillus cereus count, and Listeria monocytogenes count, while the physicochemical analyses were pH, water activity, colour, and firmness. Grey oyster mushroom stored at 4 °C showed increasing trend in all microbial counts. A similar trend was observed at 25 °C, but with higher microbial counts except for L. monocytogenes which had a slight reduction from 1.82 ± 1.16 at day 0 to 0.24 ± 0.34 log CFU/g at day 6. The pH of grey oyster mushroom was quite stable when stored at 4 °C (6.42 ± 0.03 at day 0 to 6.46 ± 0.21 at day 12). A decrease in pH was observed when the mushroom was stored at 25 °C (6.42 ± 0.03 at day 0 to 5.38 ± 0.93 at day 6). The Browning Index (BI) increased which indicated by the colour changes on the mushroom cap (front and back) especially at 25 °C. Firmness analysis carried out on mushroom cap and stalk showed a decreasing trend during storage, at which 25 °C displayed prominent loss of firmness in cap and stalk as compared to 4 °C. In conclusion, slower deterioration was observed in grey oyster mushroom stored at 4 °C as compared to 25 °C. This is based on lower microbial counts, and minimal changes in pH, BI, and firmness of grey oyster mushroom.
Pichia-Expressed Recombinant D6 and DARC Negatively Affect Cell Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Tan Wee Yee , Khoo Boon Yin , Chew Ai Lan
Published: November 2021

Atypical chemokine receptor proteins are termed ‘decoy proteins’ as their binding to the respective ligands does not lead to a typical signaling pathway but intercepts the action of chemokines. This method of chemokine activity regulation may also function in tumor suppression. D6 and DARC (Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines) have been reported as decoy chemokine receptors in cancer studies. Purified Pichia-expressed D6 and DARC, produced in-house, were used in cell-based studies to test their biological activities. Cell viability tests showed that recombinant D6 and DARC did not affect cell viability significantly, suggesting that they were not involved in breast cancer cell death. Wound healing assays showed that the presence of recombinant D6 or DARC at 10 µg/mL optimally inhibited the migration of breast cancer cells. ELISA showed an inverse relationship between the recombinant proteins and CCL2 levels in the treated cells. Migration assay using Boyden chamber demonstrated the function of the recombinant proteins in inhibiting chemotaxis activity of treated cells. Invasion assay showed the ability of the recombinant proteins in inhibiting the invasion property of treated cells. Comparison of single and combinatorial effects of the recombinant proteins showed that the combination of D6 and DARC at a 1:1 ratio (10 µg/mL) is most effective in reducing CCL2 levels and inhibiting the migration and invasion of treated cells. It was shown that the purified Pichia-expressed recombinant D6 and DARC are the negative regulators of breast cancer cell migration and invasion, and the inhibition effects were greater when they were used in combination.
Transgenerational Evaluation of Elateriospermum tapos Extracts on the Male Offspring of Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Segaran Balan Santhra , Zainal Abidin Azrina , Perumal Kokila Vani , Shafie Nurul Husna , Abdullah Maizaton Atmadini , Jasni Azmiza Syawani , Kwaifa Ibrahim Kalle , Bahari Hasnah
Published: November 2021

Obesity has been considered as a great public health concern, that has spread in both economic and poor resources countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Elateriospermum tapos supplementation on the male offspring of female obesity-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at weaning and adult age. A total of thirty (30) female and fifteen (15) male Sprague Dawley rats (N=45) were purchased for this study. Of the 30 female rats, six (n=6) were randomly selected as the control group (CG) and fed separately with male on standard chow diet, while the remaining rats (n=24) were fed on a high-fat diet for 5 weeks. The obese group were further randomly divided into 4 groups, positive control group (PG), orlistat treatment (DG) at 200 mg/kg, treatment 1 (TX1, 200 mg/kg E. tapos seed) and treatment 2 (TX2, 200 mg/kg E. tapos shell) for 6 weeks. One male pup from each dam was culled at weaning (postnatal day 21 (PND21)) and adulthood (12 weeks). The liver, kidney, retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RpWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected for histopathological study. Serum lipid profiles, liver enzyme activities and creatinine were measured. The bodyweight of male offspring from treatment 1 (MTX1) and 2 (MTX2) was significantly lower (P<0.05) compare to MNG group. The RpWAT weight in MTX1 and MTX2 for adult offspring also were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to MPG. The histopathological examination of liver in MCG, MDG, MTX1, and MTX2 showed normal hepatocytes while the MPG group showed the presence of ballooning cell and hypertrophy of adipocytes was also observed in MPG group compared to another group’s rat. The E. tapos extracts from the shell have greater therapeutic potential on maternal obesity in short and long term treatment.
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith Hexane Crude Extract Caused DNA Damage on Leptospira spp.
Authors: Ibrahim Farah Wahida , Abdul Aziz Nurul Amirah , Ibrahim Latifah , Jufri Nurul Farhana , Hamid Asmah
Published: November 2021

Numerous attempts have been made to control leptospirosis by using chemoprophylaxis, but with limited success. The present study was done to investigate the antileptospiral potential of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes. The extracts were assayed for antileptospiral activity using broth microdilution method against Leptospira interrogans (serovar Batavie, Canicola, Australis) and Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc. The Z. zerumbet hexane extract exhibited antileptospiral activity, with IC50 values of 248 μg/mL against L. interrogans serovar Canicola, IC50 of 125 μg/mL against L. interrogans serovar Australis, IC50 of 15.63 μg/mL against L. interrogans serovar Batavie and IC50 of 109 μg/mL against L. biflexa serovar Patoc. However, both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts did not show any distinct antileptospiral activity. Since the hexane extract of Z. zerumbet showed antileptospiral activity, the DNA-damaging properties of this extract were tested according to their IC50 and IC25 values that were specific to each serovars. The DNA-damaging properties were determined by treating the selected Leptospira spp. with the hexane extract and subjecting its DNA to electrophoresis and analysis on agarose gels. The results demonstrated that the hexane extract had DNA-damaging properties towards L. biflexa serovar Patoc and L. interrogans serovar Australis, as proven by the appearance of fragmented DNA on the gels. We conclude that the Z. zerumbet hexane extract could inhibit the growth of Leptospira spp. serovar Patoc and Australis through DNA-damaging activity and thus, could be a potential antileptospiral agent. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of this hexane extract as an antileptospiral agent using in vivo rat models of leptospirosis.
Inflorescence architecture, floral part movements and pollinator attraction by androecia – contrivance for successful mating in Eremurus himalaicus Baker
Authors:   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Kargil campus, Ganie Aijaz Hassan , Tali Bilal Ahmad ,   SAM Degree College Budgam, Reshi Zafar A. ,   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Nawchoo Irshad A. ,   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir
Published: October 2021

Present study has been carried out to understand the mating strategies of Eremurus himalaicus Baker., important medicinal endemic plant, for its sustainable utilization. The inflorescence architecture, large numbers of attractive flowers, presence of sterile flowers which give specific arrangement to inflorescence, the coloured, attractive androecia and nectaries attract the pollinators. Protoandry, moderate to high pollen ovule ratio, unique movement of stigma away from dehiscing anthers, movement of pedicels and breeding experiment revealed that the species is primarily geitonogamous but xanogamy though rare is also operative. The exine sculpture and pollen size depicts that both anemophily and entomophily is operative in the species. Present study may provide important information for the conservation of this endemic medicinal plant species which has been categorized as threatened by various authors.
New treatment options for patients with brain metastases from ovarian cancer
Authors: Kedrova A. G. , Krasilnikov S. E. , Vinokurov A. G. , Berishvili A. I. , Greyan T. A. , Krashenkov O. P. , Polovnikov E. S.
Published: October 2021

Brain metastases from ovarian cancer are quite rare: they affect no more than 0.5–3.0 % of patients according to the literature. However, the incidence of brain metastasis is increasing, which is attributed to longer survival of ovarian cancer patients and more accurate diagnosis. It is not possible to predict metastasis to the central nervous system, because reliable prognostic biomarkers have not been identified so far, although there have been some achievements in the treatment of such patients. Novel pathological and molecular tumor markers allow doctors to plan individual treatment for each patient and ensure good outcome. Many authors recommend combination treatment that includes surgical resection of the cerebral lesion followed by local radiotherapy alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy. The majority of these patients had high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and initially responded to chemotherapy with platinum and taxanes, while brain metastases were detected 2 to 4 years after treatment initiation. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, as well as expression of androgen receptors in the primary tumor, may be the risk factors for metastases to the central nervous system and, therefore, should determine further treatment strategy. In this article, we analyzed 3 cases of ovarian cancer with brain metastases.