bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A digital readiness check for the evaluation of supply chain aspects and company size for Industry 4.0
Authors: Lassnig Markus , Müller Julian Marius , Klieber Karin , Zeisler Alexander , Schirl Max
Published: November 2021

Purpose

While there are several readiness assessments regarding digital transformation (DT) and Industry 4.0 in extant literature, this study aims to contribute to (a) a better understanding of digital readiness in supply chain (SC) aspects and (b) elaborate on differences between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on 409 companies that participated in the Digital Readiness Check (DRC) in the region of Salzburg (Austria) and Bavaria (Germany) – an online assessment for self-evaluating the digital readiness of companies.

Findings

The study's results provide insights for the categories of strategy, employees, initiation of business transactions and SC. These are further differentiated for SMEs and large enterprises.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to two regions in Austria and Germany, based on a self-evaluation of companies in a single point of time perspective. For future research, the results of this study should be expanded for different regions. Further, the results could be validated regarding external observations and measuring results at a later point of time.

Practical implications

The DRC may help companies in benchmarking themselves and gaining a better understanding about categories that must be improved, especially regarding SC aspects of DT.

Originality/value

The DRC extends extant literature regarding the differentiation between SMEs and large enterprises as well as focussing on SC aspects of DT.
Socioeconomic spillovers of COVID-19: case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Irfan , Medabesh Ali Mohammad , Mehrez Khadija H. , Shili Nedra , Socci Claudio , Deriu Stefano
Published: November 2021

Purpose

With the global outbreak of COVID-19 that has made the economic activities standstill, countries have taken immediate measures to safeguard not only the human lives but also the economies. This study investigates empirically the lockdown impact of current pandemic on the Saudi economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs inoperability input–output model (IIOM) on the input–output table (IOT) of Saudi Arabia for the analysis.

Findings

Findings show that with the closure of few sectors for the period of two months, the GDP declined to 6.49%. Findings also show a negative impact on consumption, investments and exports.

Research limitations/implications

One limitation of current study is that it uses IOTs which lack primary and secondary income distribution that is vital for presenting complete interindustry connections in the analysis. The interindustry structures relate to the consumption structures which ultimately lead to the income distribution and affect the consumption behaviors of economic agents. Hence, the complete income circular flow is not incorporated in IIOM using IOT. The findings of current study would be well grounded if it endogenized the primary and secondary income distribution.

Practical implications

The practical implication of this study is the use of IIOM for anticipating the potential loss against the backdrop of catastrophes and pandemics. The IIOM has the capability to predict the economic effects of disruptive events and hence the policy-makers can better predict and devise prudent policies to avoid the likely threats to the economy.

Originality/value

The current situation is unprecedented, and it is challenging for governments to forecast the economic repercussions. Several economic sectors have been inoperative due to lockdown implemented by the governments. This study empirically estimated the inoperability produced by the current pandemic. The findings are consistent with other estimated statistics, thereby proving the efficacy of IIOM to anticipate the economic repercussions of natural hazards.
The impact of applying knowledge in the technological pillars of Industry 4.0 on supply chain performance
Authors: Sawangwong Anurak , Chaopaisarn Poti
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of technological pillars of Industry 4.0 based on knowledge to adopt the supply chain performance of Thai small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) 4.0. In addition, to increase knowledge and understanding of how to apply knowledge in technology 4.0 to improve the efficiency of supply chains and organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated model was developed from applying knowledge in five technological pillars of Industry 4.0 such as Internet of things (IoTs), cloud computing, big data and analytics, additive manufacturing and cyber-security. The bibliometric analysis was used to find the relationship between the technological pillars of Industry 4.0 and the literature review. The survey questionnaires were sent to Thai SME 4.0 (manufacturing aspect). Of these, 240 useable responses were received, resulting in a response rate of 65.84%, after then, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM) and validity were used to evaluate the model through IBM SPSS 21 and AMOS 22.

Findings

EFA showed the four groups of the technological pillars of Industry 4.0, such as support human, automation, real-time and security. These groups positively impact supply chain performance (increase delivery reliability, increase resource efficiency, decrease costs in the supply chain and reduce delivery time). Another important finding is that supply chain performance positively impacts organizational performance in profitability, return on investment (ROI) and sale growth.

Originality/value

This study is a model development to support the supply chain performance and increase understanding related to applying knowledge in technology 4.0 that remains unclear for SME 4.0.
International cluster research progress on strategic niche management: a bibliometric citation big data computing analysis
Authors: Ding Yingying , Xi Xi , He Yao
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Time analysis and institution analysis as well as journal analysis allow the study to show literature distribution in this research area. Research hotspots and trending among different times are revealed by network-structural properties and network-temporal property. The study aims to shed light on international cluster research progress on strategic niche management (SNM).

Design/methodology/approach

Using searched literature data on SNM from 1991 to 2018 from the database of Web of Science (WOS), the article maps the citation network and completes the citation analysis based on bibliometric citation analysis.

Findings

These eight research streams reveal the development of SNM from theoretical description to target-oriented study and finally diversification analysis.

Originality/value

The paper identifies eight continuous research streams in SNM: sustainable transition, dynamical diversity, complexity, social-technical system, social innovation, social-cognitive evolution, emerging market and policy mix.
Risk assessment on drug production safety based on Grey-Analytic Network Process
Authors: Ge Jiaojiao , Peng Benhong , Wei Guo , Wan Anxia
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To strengthen the correlation analysis on risk factors of drug production safety and reduce the influence due to fuzzy judgments, a safety risk assessment method based on Grey-Analytic Network Process (G-ANP) is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

First, an index system evaluating drug production safety risk is constructed according to the “Good Manufacture Practice of Medical Products,” next the influence weight of each risk index is derived by using the Analytic Network Process, then the grey number of each risk index is determined by further utilizing the grey statistical theory, and finally the risk level of drug production is obtained.

Findings

An empirical study is conducted and the results support the feasibility and practicability to use G-ANP method for drug production safety risk evaluation. The results of the case show that it is feasible and practical to use G-ANP method for drug production safety risk evaluation.

Originality/value

The innovation lies in the use of G-ANP method to fully consider the interdependence and interaction between the risk factors of drug production safety, which improves the objectivity in judging the risk level of drug production and provides a scientific basis for pharmaceutical manufacturers to formulate further decisions and management in the case of insufficient quantification of risk factors. Based on the findings, more targeted suggestions are made to reduce the production risk of pharmaceutical enterprises.
The feasibility of cap‐assisted routine adult colonoscope for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction after total gastrectomy
Authors: Ni Jian Bo , Zhu Mei Ying , Li Kai , Dai Wei Ming , Lu Lun Gen , Wan Xin Jian , Wan Rong , Cai Xiao Bo
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction after total gastrectomy is difficult to be performed using routine tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of cap‐assisted routine adult colonoscope (CARAC) for ERCP in these patients.

Methods

Sixteen consecutive patients with indications of ERCP who had previously undergone total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction at two tertiary care endoscopy centers were identified. All ERCP procedures were carried out by using CARAC. The success rate of reaching the papilla, biliary cannulation and procedure‐related adverse events were analyzed.

Results

The papilla was successful reached in 11 (68.8%) of the 16 cases, and biliary cannulation was subsequently reached in eight (72.7%) of the 11 cases. The procedures succeeded in three patients by using a percutaneous–endoscopic rendezvous procedure after failed cannulation. Overall clinical success was achieved in 11 (68.8%) of 16 patients. Procedure‐related mild acute pancreatitis was observed in 25.0% (4/16) of the cases and mild cholangitis in 18.8% (3/16). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

CARAC for therapeutic ERCP is safe and effective in treating patients with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction after total gastrectomy.
Trends of stomach cancer survival: A systematic review of survival rates from population‐based cancer registration
Authors: Tuo Jia Yi , Bi Jing Hao , Yuan Hui Yun , Jiang Yu Fei , Ji Xiao Wei , Li Hong Lan , Xiang Yong Bing
Published: November 2021

Objectives

We aimed to describe the pattern and time trends of survival from stomach cancer worldwide from population‐based cancer registers.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SEER and SinoMed for articles published up to 31 December 2020 was conducted. All eligible survival analyses of stomach cancer were collected and evaluated by countries or regions, periods, sex and age groups.

Results

Our review included 76 articles on stomach cancer survival rates and found that these rates had improved globally with time, although this increase was unremarkable. The highest 5‐year survival rate of 72.1% was observed in Japan (2004‐2007). The 5‐year relative and net survival, rates were relatively high in Korea and Japan, while they were fairly poor in Africa and India. Sex‐specific survival rates were higher in women than in men in America, Europe and Oceania, whereas they were relatively low in Asia. The poorest age‐specific 5‐year relative and net survival rates were observed in patients aged over 75 years.

Conclusions

Over the past decades, patient prognosis of stomach cancer has gradually improved worldwide and survival rates in developed regions were higher than those in developing regions. White men and Asian women had a poorer survival than white women and Asian men. Younger patients had better survival rates than those aged over 75 years globally.
Pet therapy in the emergency department and ambulatory care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gaudet Lindsay A. , Elliott Sarah A. , Ali Samina , Kammerer Elise , Stauffer Brandy , Felkar Bailey , Scott Shannon D. , Dennett Liz , Hartling Lisa
Published: November 2021

Background

Pet therapy, or animal‐assisted interventions (AAIs), has demonstrated positive effects for patients, families, and health care providers (HCPs) in inpatient settings. However, the evidence supporting AAIs in emergency or ambulatory care settings is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of AAIs on patient, family, and HCP experience in these settings.

Methods

We searched (from inception to May 2020) Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, plus gray literature, for studies assessing AAIs in emergency and ambulatory care settings on: (1) patient and family anxiety/distress or pain and (2) HCP stress. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were done in duplicate with conflicts adjudicated by a third party. Random‐effects meta‐analyses are reported as mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as appropriate.

Results

We included nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 341 patients, 146 HCPs, 122 child caregivers), four before–after (83 patients), and one mixed‐method study (124 patients). There was no effect across three RCTs measuring patient‐reported anxiety/distress (n = 380; SMD = –0.36, 95% CI = –0.95 to 0.23, I2 = 81%), while two before–after studies suggested a benefit (n = 80; SMD = –1.95, 95% CI = –2.99 to –0.91, I2 = 72%). Four RCTs found no difference in measures of observed anxiety/distress (n = 166; SMD = –0.44, 95% CI = –1.01 to 0.13, I2 = 73%) while one before–after study reported a significant benefit (n = 60; SMD = –1.64, 95% CI = –2.23 to –1.05). Three RCTs found no difference in patient‐reported pain (n = 202; MD = –0.90, 95% CI = –2.01 to 0.22, I2 = 68%). Two RCTs reported positive but nonsignificant effects on HCP stress.

Conclusions

Limited evidence is available on the effectiveness of AAIs in emergency and ambulatory care settings. Rigorous studies using global experience‐oriented (or patient‐identified) outcome measures are required.
Intranasal ketorolac versus intravenous ketorolac for treatment of migraine headaches in children: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tsze Daniel S. , Lubell Tamar R. , Carter Robert C. , Chernick Lauren S. , DePeter Kerrin C. , McLaren Son H. , Kwok Maria Y. , Roskind Cindy G. , Gonzalez Ariana E. , Fan Weijia , Babineau Shannon E. , Friedman Benjamin W. , Dayan Peter S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Intravenous ketorolac is commonly used for treating migraine headaches in children. However, the prerequisite placement of an intravenous line can be technically challenging, time‐consuming, and associated with pain and distress. Intranasal ketorolac may be an effective alternative that is needle‐free and easier to administer. We aimed to determine whether intranasal ketorolac is non‐inferior to intravenous ketorolac for reducing pain in children with migraine headaches.

Methods

We conducted a randomized double‐blind non‐inferiority clinical trial. Children aged 8–17 years with migraine headaches, moderate to severe pain, and requiring parenteral analgesics received intranasal ketorolac (1 mg/kg) or intravenous ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg). Primary outcome was reduction in pain at 60 min after administration measured using the Faces Pain Scale‐Revised (scored 0–10). Non‐inferiority margin was 2/10. Secondary outcomes included time to onset of clinically meaningful decrease in pain; ancillary emergency department outcomes (e.g. receipt of rescue medications, headache relief, headache freedom, percentage improvement); 24‐h follow‐up outcomes; functional disability; and adverse events.

Results

Fifty‐nine children were enrolled. We analyzed 27 children who received intranasal ketorolac and 29 who received intravenous ketorolac. The difference in mean pain reduction at 60 min between groups was 0.2 (95% CI −0.9, 1.3), with the upper limit of the 95% CI being less than the non‐inferiority margin. There were no statistical differences between groups for secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Intranasal ketorolac was non‐inferior to intravenous ketorolac for reducing migraine headache pain in the emergency department.
Analysis of BNT162b2‐ and CVnCoV‐elicited sera and of convalescent sera toward SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses
Authors: Hein Sascha , Herrlein Marie‐Luise , Mhedhbi Ines , Bender Daniela , Haberger Vanessa , Benz Nuka , Eisert Jonathan , Stingl Julia , Dreher Michael , Oberle Doris , Schulze Jessica , Mache Christin , Budt Matthias , Hildt Christoph , Wolff Thorsten , Hildt Eberhard
Published: November 2021

Background

The mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, BioNTech/Pfizer) and the vaccine candidate CVnCoV (Curevac) each encode a stabilized spike protein of SARS‐CoV2 as antigen but differ with respect to the nature of the mRNA (modified versus unmodified nucleotides) and the mRNA amount (30 μg versus 12 μg RNA). This study characterizes antisera elicited by these two vaccines in comparison to convalescent sera.

Methods

Sera from BNT162b2 vaccinated healthcare workers, and sera from participants of a phase I trial vaccinated with 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 μg CVnCoV and convalescent sera from hospitalized patients were analyzed by ELISA, neutralization tests, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and peptide arrays.

Results

BNT162b2‐elicited sera and convalescent sera have a higher titer of spike‐RBD‐specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies as compared to the CVnCoV‐elicited sera. For all analyzed sera a reduction in binding and neutralizing antibodies was found for the lineage B.1.351 variant of concern. SPR analyses revealed that the CVnCoV‐elicited sera have a lower fraction of slow‐dissociating antibodies. Accordingly, the CVnCoV sera almost fail to compete with the spike‐ACE2 interaction. The significance of common VOC mutations K417N, E484K, or N501Y focused on linear epitopes was analyzed using a peptide array approach. The peptide arrays showed a strong difference between convalescent sera and vaccine‐elicited sera. Specifically, the linear epitope at position N501 was affected by the mutation and elucidates the escape of viral variants to antibodies against this linear epitope.

Conclusion

These data reveal differences in titer, neutralizing capacity, and affinity of the antibodies between BNT162b2‐ and CVnCoV‐elicited sera, which could contribute to the apparent differences in vaccine efficacy.
From subjective to objective: A pilot study on testicular radiomics analysis as a measure of gonadal function
Authors: De Santi Bruno , Spaggiari Giorgia , Granata Antonio RM , Romeo Marilina , Molinari Filippo , Simoni Manuela , Santi Daniele
Published: November 2021

Background

The connection between testicular ultrasound (US) parameters and testicular function, including both spermato‐ and steroidogenesis has been largely suggested, but their predictive properties are not routinely applied. Radiomics, a new engineering approach to radiological imaging, could overcome the visual limit of the sonographer.

Objectives

This study is aimed at extracting objective testicular US features, correlating with testicular function, including both spermato‐ and steroidogenesis, using an engineering approach, in order to overcome the operator‐dependent subjectivity.

Materials and methods

Prospective observational pilot study from December 2019 to December 2020 on normozoospermic subjects and patients with semen variables alterations, excluding azoospermia. All patients underwent conventional semen analysis, pituitary‐gonadal hormones assessment, and testicular US, performed by the same operator. US images were analyzed by Biolab (Turin) throughout image segmentation, image pre‐processing, and texture features extraction.

Results

One hundred seventy US testicular images were collected from 85 patients (age 38.6 ± 9.1 years). A total of 44 first‐order and advanced features were extracted. US inhomogeneity defined by radiomics significantly correlates with the andrologist definition, showing for the first time a mathematical quantification of a subjective US evaluation. Thirteen US texture features correlated with semen parameters, predicting sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility, total motility and morphology, and with gonadotropins serum levels, but not with total testosterone serum levels. Classification analyses confirmed that US textural features predicted patients’ classification according to semen parameters alterations.

Conclusions

Radiomics texture features qualitatively describe the testicular parenchyma with objective and reliable quantitative parameters, reflecting both the testicular spermatogenic capability and the action of pituitary gonadotropins. This is an innovative model in which US texture features represent a mirror of the pituitary‐gonadal homeostasis in terms of reproductive function.
Effect of diuretics on plasma aldosterone and potassium in primary hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McNally Ryan J. , Farukh Bushra , Chowienczyk Philip J. , Faconti Luca
Published: November 2021

Aim

By contrast with drugs inhibiting the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), diuretics stimulate renin release by the kidneys. Although plasma aldosterone (PA) is thought to be mainly regulated by RAAS activity, serum potassium has been shown to be an important factor in animal models and humans. Here we perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) in hypertension investigating the effects of diuretic therapy on PA and the correlation of change in PA with that of potassium and blood pressure (BP).

Methods

Three databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Titles were first screened by title and abstract for relevance before full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility according to a predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results

A total of 1139 articles were retrieved, of which 42 met the prespecified inclusion/exclusion criteria. The average standardised difference in mean PA was similar for all classes of diuretic: thiazide/thiazide‐like 0.299 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.150, 0.447), loop 0.927 (0.37, 1.49), MRA/potassium‐sparing 0.265 (0.173, 0.357) and combination 0.466 (0.137, 0.796),Q = 6.33,P = .097. In subjects untreated with another antihypertensive, there was a significant relationship between change in PA and change in systolic BP but no relationship with the change in potassium.

Conclusion

In RCTs of diuretic therapy in hypertension, there is an increase in PA with all classes of diuretic and no significant between‐class heterogeneity. Change in PA is not related with potassium but correlates with the change in BP in subjects untreated with another antihypertensive medication.
Commentary: What price eyeballs? – a commentary/reflection on Benoit, Thomas and Martin (2021)
Authors: Duffy Andrew
Published: November 2021

In a response to a research paper which analyses how US newspapers represent young people and parents in their response to climate crisis, this commentary observes that the newspapers achieve some advantage in selecting frames, which privilege adult behaviour at the expense of actions taken by young people. It suggests that one effect of newspapers’ choice to frame teens’ awareness and activities surrounding climate change in disparaging terms may be to increase any eco‐anxiety by devaluing it. It argues that this is done to benefit the newspapers by supporting rather than challenging the schema of their adult readers, following a commercial rather than societal agenda. A subsidiary effect may be to drive younger people away from mainstream media, which fails to represent their viewpoint and towards misinformation and disinformation from unreliable sources.
Low‐carbohydrate diet and risk of cancer incidence: The Japan Public Health Center‐based prospective study
Authors: Cai Honglin , Sobue Tomotaka , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Ishihara Junko , Nanri Akiko , Mizoue Tetsuya , Iwasaki Motoki , Yamaji Taiki , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie
Published: November 2021

Epidemiological evidence on the effects of a long‐term low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) on cancer incidence remains sparse. We investigate the association between LCD and the risk of overall and specific cancer site incidence in a Japanese population‐based prospective cohort study among 90 171 participants aged 45‐74. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median 17.0 y of follow‐up, we identified 15 203 cancer cases. A higher overall LCD score was associated with increased overall cancer risk (HR = 1.08 [CI: 1.02‐1.14], P‐trend = .012), while it was associated with decreased gastric cancer (GC) risk (0.81 [0.71‐0.93], P‐trend = .006). A higher animal‐based LCD score was associated with higher risk of overall cancer (1.08 [1.02‐1.14], P‐trend = .003), colorectal cancer (CRC) (1.11 [0.98‐1.25], P‐trend = .018), rectal cancer (RC) (1.24 [1.00‐1.54], P‐trend = .025), lung cancer (LC) (1.16 [1.00‐1.34], P‐trend = .042), and lower risk of GC (0.90 [0.79‐1.01], P‐trend = .033). Furthermore, we found that plant‐based LCD score was related to lower GC incidence (0.87 [0.77‐0.99], P‐trend = .031). Additionally, adjusted for plant fat intake amplified the adverse associations (overall cancer: 1.08 [1.02‐1.14] vs. 1.11 [1.05‐1.18]; CRC: 1.08 [0.95‐1.22] vs. 1.13 [0.99‐1.30]; LC: 1.14 [0.98‐1.33] vs. 1.19 [1.01‐1.41]). We conclude that LCD enriching with animal products was associated with increased overall cancer, CRC, and LC incidence. These adverse associations could be attenuated by plant fat consumption. LCD reduces the risk of developing GC. Long‐term adherence to LCD without paying attention to the balance between animal and plant food source consumption might cause adverse overall cancer incidence consequences.
Peculiarities of the 4,5‐dinitrofluorescein esters synthesis: formation of reduced species
Authors: Shekhovtsov Sergey V. , Shvets Elena H. , Kolosov Maksim A. , Omelchenko Iryna V. , Batrak Anastasiia S. , Mchedlov‐Petrossyan Nikolay O.
Published: November 2021

The problem of synthesising esters of fluorescein dyes has long been solved for the mother compound and its derivatives. The choice of an optimal method depends on the substituents in the xanthenes moiety and in the phthalic acid residue. To obtain alkyl esters of 4,5‐dinitrofluorescein, we used thionyl chloride in ethanol. However, several other products appeared, which were identified as reduced species resulting from hydride transfer. A similar picture was observed when using sulphuric acid instead of thionyl chloride. The formation of reduced species was demonstrated by hydrogen‐1 and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis. In methanol, on the other hand, the esterification of the carboxylic group proceeds easily and with good yield. In the course of the current study, four new compounds of the fluorescein series were synthesised and characterised. The results show that nitro substitution in xanthenes favours dye reduction.
Primary mitral valve angiosarcoma: A multifaced ultra‐rare tumor
Authors: Akiash Nehzat , Mombeini Hoda , Gholizadeh Behnam , Jazayeri S.Nematollah , Azizidoost Shirin
Published: November 2021

Malignant primary cardiac valve tumors are extremely rare neoplasms usually remaining silent up to late advanced stages. Getting to know the various features of this latent tumor, which needs prompt intervention, can assist in the earlier diagnosis. Herein we report a 24‐year‐old woman with angiosarcoma that originated from the mitral valve and manifested itself through dyspnea and pulmonary edema. The case is noteworthy with respect to appealing echocardiographic images.
Gamma‐glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular events in patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Martínez‐Quintana Efrén , Pardo‐Maiza Javier , Déniz‐Alvarado Beatriz , Riaño‐Ruiz Marta , González‐Martín Jesús María , Rodríguez‐González Fayna
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity (GGT) seems to predict cardiovascular events in different populations. However, no data exist on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods

Observational, analytic, prospective cohort study design involving CHD patients and a control population to determine the effect of GGT levels on survival.

Results

A total of 589 CHD patients (58% males, 29 ± 14 years old) and 2745 matched control patients were followed up. A total of 69 (12%) CHD patients had a major acute cardiovascular event (MACE) during the follow‐up time (6.1 [0.7–10.4] years). Patients with CHD and a GGT >60 U/L were significantly older, more hypertensive and dyslipidemic, had a worse NYHA functional class and a greater anatomical complexity than CHD patients with a GGT ≤60 U/L. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, a great CHD anatomical complexity, and having atrial fibrillation/flutter were the predictive factors of higher GGT levels (>60 U/L). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with CHD and a GGT concentration above 60 UL showed the lowest probability of survival compared to that of CHD with GGT ≤60 U/L and controls irrespective of their GGT concentrations (p < .001). Similarly, the multivariable Cox regression analysis found an independent association between higher GGT levels (>60 U/L) and a worse prognosis (HR 2.44 [1.34–4.44], p = .003) among patients with CHD.

Conclusion

Patients with CHD showed significant higher GGT levels than patients in the control group having those with higher GGT concentrations (>60 U/L) the worst survival.
Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action
Authors: Todorović Marija , Micov Ana , Nastić Katarina , Tomić Maja , Pecikoza Uroš , Vuković Milja , Stepanović‐Petrović Radica
Published: November 2021

Vortioxetine is a novel atypical antidepressant with multimodal activity that has recently demonstrated efficacy against neuropathic pain. There is no published data about its analgesic properties in models characterized by peripheral inflammation and consequent pain pathway sensitization, nor data on its mechanism of antinociceptive action. This study aimed to investigate vortioxetine's antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain models, and provide evidence on its mechanism of action in the modulation of trigeminal nociception. Vortioxetine's effects on the nociceptive behavior in orofacial formalin test (OFT) and acetic acid‐writhing test in mice and on mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan‐induced paw inflammation in rats were examined following peroral single administration. The involvement of serotonergic/adrenergic/cholinergic/cannabinoid/adenosine receptors was evaluated in OFT by intraperitoneally treating mice with an appropriate antagonist immediately after vortioxetine application. We used antagonists of 5‐HT1B/1D serotonergic (GR 127935), α1‐adrenergic (prazosin), α2‐adrenergic (yohimbine), β1‐adrenergic (metoprolol), muscarinic (atropine), α7 nicotinic (methyllycaconitine), CB1/CB2 cannabinoid (AM251 and AM630), and adenosine A1 (DPCPX) receptors. Vortioxetine dose‐dependently reduced pain behavior in OFT and acetic acid writhing test, as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia in paw pressure test. All examined antagonists except prazosin dose‐dependently inhibited vortioxetine's antinociceptive effects. In conclusion, vortioxetine exerted analgesic efficacy in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain. The effect is at least in part mediated by 5‐HT1B/1D serotonergic, α2/β1‐adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic, CB1/CB2 cannabinoid, and adenosine A1 receptors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the analgesic effect of vortioxetine and suggest its potential usefulness for inflammatory pain treatment.
Fatty acid metabolism in adaptive immunity
Authors: Zhou Xian , Zhu Xingxing , Zeng Hu
Published: November 2021

Fatty acids (FAs) not only are a key component of cellular membrane structure, but also have diverse functions in biological processes. Recent years have seen great advances in understanding of how FA metabolism contributes to adaptive immune response. Here, we review three key processes, FA biosynthesis, FA oxidation and FA uptake, and how they direct T and B cell functions during immune challenges. Then, we will focus on the relationship between microbiota derived FAs, short‐chain FAs, and adaptive immunity. Along the way, we will also discuss the outstanding controversies and challenges in the field.
Global implications of crop‐based bioenergy with carbon capture and storage for terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity
Authors: Hanssen Steef V. , Steinmann Zoran J. N. , Daioglou Vassilis , Čengić Mirza , Van Vuuren Detlef P. , Huijbregts Mark A. J.
Published: November 2021

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) based on purpose‐grown lignocellulosic crops can provide negative CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change, but its land requirements present a threat to biodiversity. Here, we analyse the implications of crop‐based BECCS for global terrestrial vertebrate species richness, considering both the land‐use change (LUC) required for BECCS and the climate change prevented by BECCS. LUC impacts are determined using global‐equivalent, species–area relationship‐based loss factors. We find that sequestering 0.5–5 Gtonne of CO2 per year with lignocellulosic crop‐based BECCS would require hundreds of Mha of land, and commit tens of terrestrial vertebrate species to extinction. Species loss per unit of negative emissions decreases with: (i) longer lifetimes of BECCS systems, (ii) less overall deployment of crop‐based BECCS and (iii) optimal land allocation, that is prioritizing locations with the lowest species loss per negative emission potential, rather than minimizing overall land use or prioritizing locations with the lowest biodiversity. The consequences of prevented climate change for biodiversity are based on existing climate response relationships. Our tentative comparison shows that for crop‐based BECCS considered over 30 years, LUC impacts on vertebrate species richness may outweigh the positive effects of prevented climate change. Conversely, for BECCS considered over 80 years, the positive effects of climate change mitigation on biodiversity may outweigh the negative effects of LUC. However, both effects and their interaction are highly uncertain and require further understanding, along with the analysis of additional species groups and biodiversity metrics. We conclude that factoring in biodiversity means lignocellulosic crop‐based BECCS should be used early to achieve the required mitigation over longer time periods, on optimal biomass cultivation locations, and most importantly, as little as possible where conversion of natural land is involved, looking instead to sustainably grown or residual biomass‐based feedstocks and alternative strategies for carbon dioxide removal.
Screening for portopulmonary hypertension using computed tomography‐based measurements of the main pulmonary artery and ascending aorta diameters in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Egusa Maho , Kawamoto Daiki , Nishimura Tatsuro , Sasaki Ryo , Saeki Issei , Sakaida Isao , Takami Taro
Published: November 2021

Aim

This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of identifying candidates of portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) from general portal hypertension patients based on chest computed tomography (CT) results.

Methods

One hundred and thirty patients with portal hypertension who had undergone interventional radiology therapies at our hospital between August 2011 and July 2021 were included, and preoperative clinical data were collected. Suspicious PoPH was defined as main pulmonary artery diameter (mPA‐D) ≥ 29 mm or the ratio of mPA‐D to ascending aorta diameter (mPA‐D/aAo‐D) ≥ 1.0, and probable PoPH as mPA‐D ≥ 33 mm based on the chest CT. Prevalence of suspicious and probable PoPH was evaluated, and the differences in clinical characteristics of each population were compared.

Results

Overall, 29 (22.3%) and 5 (3.8%) patients were categorized as suspicious and probable PoPH, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that female sex, higher shortest diameter of inferior vena cava, presence of portosystemic shunts ≥ 5 mm, and lower blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly associated with suspicious PoPH (p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses identified all four factors as significantly independent determinants of suspicious PoPH (p < 0.05). In addition, among the population of suspicious PoPH, there were significant differences in seven parameters, including total bilirubin levels and spleen volume between patients with and without probable PoPH (p < 0.05). However, no significant independent indicators of probable PoPH were found.

Conclusions

CT‐based measurements of mPA‐D and mPA‐D/aAo‐D have the potential to screen patients with suspicious PoPH in clinical practice focused on portal hypertension.
The hidden cost of disturbance: Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) avoid a disturbed roost site during the tourist season
Authors: van der Kolk Henk‐Jan , Ens Bruno J. , Oosterbeek Kees , Jongejans Eelke , van de Pol Martijn
Published: November 2021

Disturbance may impact individual birds and ultimately bird populations. If animals avoid disturbed sites this may prevent them from being disturbed directly but may also negatively impact their movement patterns and energy budgets. Avoidance is, however, challenging to study, because it requires following individuals over large spatial scales in order to compare their movement rates between sites in relation to spatiotemporal variation in disturbance intensity. We studied how 48 GPS‐tracked non‐breeding Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus used two neighbouring roost sites in the Wadden Sea. One roost site is highly influenced by seasonal recreational disturbance whereas the other is an undisturbed sandbar. We analysed roost choice and the probability of moving away from the disturbed roost site with regard to a seasonal recreation activity index, weekends and night‐time. Oystercatchers often chose to roost on the undisturbed site, even if they were foraging closer to the disturbed roost. The probability that Oystercatchers chose to roost on the disturbed site was negatively correlated with the recreation activity index and was lowest in the tourist season (summer and early autumn), indicating that birds used the site less often when recreation levels were high. Furthermore, the probability that birds moved away from the disturbed site during high tide was positively correlated with the recreation activity index. The choice to roost on the undisturbed site implies that birds must fly an additional 8 km during one high‐tide period, which equates to 3.4% of daily energy expenditure of an average Oystercatcher. Our study tentatively suggests that the costs of avoidance may outweigh the energetic cost of direct flight responses and hence that avoidance of disturbed sites requires more attention in future disturbance impact studies. Nature managers should evaluate whether high‐quality undisturbed roosting sites are available near foraging sites, and in our case closing of a section of the disturbed site during high tides in the tourist season may mitigate much disturbance impact.
Unmasking complex migration syndromes and seasonal plumage colouration in the White‐naped Xenopsaris (Xenopsaris albinucha)
Authors: Lima Rafael Dantas , Lees Alexander Charles
Published: November 2021

The White‐naped Xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha is an uncommon suboscine passerine with a disjunct distribution extending from Venezuela to the Southern Cone of South America. The ornithological literature concerning this species contains contradictory claims about potential migratory movements, although most authors consider it to be sedentary. In addition, observations of the species exhibiting a mix of male‐ and female‐like plumage during the non‐breeding season have raised the hypothesis that it may undergo seasonal colour changes – a trait often associated with migratory behaviour and seemingly uncommon in Neotropical birds. Here we use citizen science and museum specimen data to interrogate the hypotheses of migratory behaviour and seasonal phenotypic variation in the species. We found evidence for three disjunct breeding populations, of which one is resident, one is apparently partially migratory and one is fully migratory, with birds from the last two populations coming into contact during the non‐breeding season. We also found evidence for seasonal variation in the species' plumage colouration. Our results suggest that the White‐naped Xenopsaris has both resident and migratory populations and exhibits an eclipse plumage, and highlight the value of citizen science data to study seasonal variation in plumage colouration.
A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most‐cited case reports and case series in Endodontic journals
Authors: Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Jacimovic Jelena , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Dummer Paul M. H.
Published: November 2021

Aim

To identify the top 100 most‐cited case reports and case series published in Endodontic journals and to analyse their bibliometric characteristics.

Methodology

The Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and PubMed databases were used to identify the top 100 most‐cited case reports and case series in Endodontic journals. Complete bibliographic records of the selected case reports and case series were exported in plain text or BibTeX format and imported into the R environment for statistical computing and graphics. The following parameters were then analysed: names and affiliations of the authors, title, year of publication, journal of publication, first author, corresponding author, literature cited within reports, language, citation counts, impact factor of the journal, keywords, Keywords Plus and research topic.

Results

In total, 88 case reports and 12 case series published in English between 1977 and 2016 were identified as the most‐cited reports in the field of Endodontics. The terms “case report(s)” or “case series” were not included in the title of 57 articles. The number of authors per report ranged from one to seven, with the average number of co‐authors per report being 3.14. The most‐cited author was M Trope (University of Pennsylvania, USA). The University of Washington and Private Practice, Cetraro, Italy, were the most productive institutions. The country whose case reports received the largest total number of citations was the United States. The largest number of the most‐cited reports appeared in 2002, 2004 and 2007 (n = 7, respectively). According to the WoS database, the total number of citations ranged from 42 to 453, with the average number of citations per report being 79.97. The majority of the top 100 most‐cited articles were published in the Journal of Endodontics and the International Endodontic Journal. The most frequently used author keywords were revascularization and mineral trioxide aggregate. The majority of the case reports and case series dealt with topics related to pulp regeneration.

Conclusion

This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview on the progress, trends and current directions in clinical practice within the field of Endodontics.
Fabrication and performances of WC‐Co cemented carbide with a low cobalt content
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hui , Wang Kai‐Fei , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih
Published: November 2021

WC‐Co cemented carbides with a low cobalt content (≤3 wt.%) were successfully manufactured by the powder metallurgy method. The cobalt content is lower than conventional cemented carbide (3–30 wt.%), which makes the prepared alloys possess excellent hardness. The effects of cobalt content on the densification behavior, phase composition, micromorphology, and mechanical performances of cemented carbides were investigated in detail. The results revealed that all the sintered alloys were almost completely consolidated with a relative density of greater than 98.0%. Moreover, abnormal grain growth was observed, and the inhomogeneity of WC grains decreased with the increment in cobalt content. In order to obtain cemented carbides with homogeneous microstructure and outstanding performances, VC was added to inhibit grain growth. Microstructure and performances were significantly affected by the addition of VC. The maximum Vickers hardness of cemented carbides without the addition of vanadium was 2234 HV30, while the fracture toughness was 7.96 MPa·m1/2after sintering WC‐2 wt.%Co. After adding VC, the ultimate hardness and fracture toughness of WC‐3 wt.%Co‐0.5 wt.%VC alloy could reach 2200 HV30 and 8.61 MPa·m1/2, respectively. In addition, the obvious crack deflexion and transgranular behavior can be noticed, which can prevent the extension of crack and achieve an increase in fracture toughness of cemented carbides.
Antioxidant activity and stability of endogenous peptides from farmed hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus) muscle
Authors: Chaijan Manat , Rodsamai Tanutchaporn , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Panya Atikorn , Phonsatta Natthaporn , Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Panpipat Worawan
Published: November 2021

The antioxidant activity and stability of endogenous peptides isolated from farmed hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus) muscle (EPC) were characterised. EPC contained 69 peptides with 8–24 amino acid residues, varying hydrophobic amino acid (HBA) content and distinct sequences. Among the top five, peptides discovered in EPC were ARHSYGMLYCSCPPND, DTQAARKSDDDD, AEFPCGDRRC, AAVTEELFFAGL and LILQRRKFLRMKREKYGFIYKTHL. Histidine (16.33%) and tryptophan (15.66%) were the most common amino acids found in EPC. EPC demonstrated concentration‐dependent free radical (DPPH•/ABTS•+) and hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging activities, as well as metal chelating ability. The effect of pH, heating temperature and in vitro digestion on EPC's DPPH• scavenging activity was studied. Lowering the pH and increasing the heating temperature to 90 °C increased the DPPH• inhibitory activity. However, after in vitro digestion, around 44% of DPPH• inhibition was reduced. The findings confirmed that farm‐raised hybrid catfish muscle contained endogenous peptides with antioxidant properties.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from oregano using high voltage electrical discharges–sustainable perspective
Authors: Nutrizio Marinela , Režek Jambrak Anet , Rezić Tonči , Djekic Ilija
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to observe the sustainability parameters of high voltage electrical discharge (HVED) as a novel technology for extraction of phenolic compounds from oregano. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of HVED was evaluated and compared with conventional extraction methods–infusion and maceration. The results showed that HVED extraction with nitrogen gave 2.19%–34.04% higher yield of phenolic compounds compared to infusion and 6.13%–90.95% higher yield compared to maceration, depending on the voltage and treatment time used for HVED. The environmental pillar of LCA, assessed by global warming potential, ranged from 1.130 to 4.635 kg CO2e for HVED samples treated with nitrogen and from 1.207 to 4.487 kg CO2e for samples treated with argon, which was mainly related to the duration of treatment. Other pillars of sustainability, namely society, economy, food safety and quality, were discussed. HVED was found to be the more sustainable technology (based on the results from LCA), with prospects for future scale‐up for the food industry.