bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misdivision of Telocentrics and Isochromosomes in Wheat
Authors: Kopecky David , Lukaszewski Adam J.
Published: February 2019

For normal transition through meiosis, chromosomes rely on pairing with their homologues. Chromosomes which fail to pair, univalents, behave irregularly and may undergo various types of breakage across their centromeres. Here, we analyzed the meiotic behavior of misdivision products themselves: isochromosomes and telocentrics in wheat. Both types of chromosomes behaved in the same fashion as standard 2-armed chromosomes. The 2 most frequent scenarios were separation of sister chromatids in anaphase I or monopolar/bipolar attachment of the univalent to the spindle apparatus with unseparated chromatids. Misdivision was rare, and its frequency appeared directly related to the size of the centromere. The previously deduced relationship between misdivision frequency and chromosome size was likely erroneous and can be explained by a general relationship between chromosome length and the size of its centromere. Pairing of identical arms in isochromosomes did not protect them from misdivision. It is not chiasmate pairing that protects from misdivision but mechanistic issues that arise through that pairing.
Eplerenone Ameliorates Cell Pyroptosis in Contralateral Kidneys of Rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: Ma Xuelian , Chang Yi , Xiong Yunzhao , Wang Zheng , Wang Xiangting , Xu Qingyou
Published: February 2019

Background: The progression of chronic renal failure in patients with unilateral renal injury is associated with loss of function in the contralateral kidney, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The activation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the kidney contributes to renal cell damage, leading to apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death induced by caspase-1, which is usually activated by nod-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inﬂammasomes. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of eplerenone (EPL) on cell pyroptosis in the contralateral kidneys of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, UUO group (10 days of left ureter ligation), and UUO treated with EPL (UUO + EPL) group. The contralateral kidneys of all rats were collected for studies. Results: We observed evidently increased number of pyroptosis cells in the contralateral kidneys of UUO rats compared to those from Sham rats. The expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β, serum and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase-1, and nuclear factor kappa B were also upregulated in the contralateral kidneys of UUO rats compared to Sham kidneys, and these effects were reduced by MR blocker EPL. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the activation of MR is involved in NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway-induced cell pyroptosis in the contralateral kidney of UUO model.
Visões da posthistoire em Arnold Gehlen e Ernst Jünger
Authors: Mata Sérgio da
Published: February 2019

O artigo busca explorar a temática da posthistoire no romance Eumeswil, de Ernst Jünger, e numa série de publicações do sociólogo e filósofo Arnold Gehlen. Tentamos evidenciar as surpreendentes afinidades eletivas que existem entre os dois autores, assim como extrair de seus escritos elementos que permitam lançar luz sobre alguns dos dilemas de nossa própria época.
Contra o tempo
Authors: Villas Bôas Luciana
Published: February 2019

Este artigo explora a noção de extemporaneidade tomada como um traço distintivo do modelo temporal adotado pelos classicistas de Weimar, por Goethe em particular. Concebe o “extemporâneo” como um preceito e uma prática que supõe um movimento de dissociação do tempo presente e da pessoa do autor. Com base no ensaio “Sansculottismo literário” e na tradução da “Vida” de Benvenuto Cellini, publicadas originalmente no periódico As Horas (Die Horen), procuro esboçar o elo entre a resposta à Revolução Francesa e a reflexão sobre autoria, e discutir os limites da ‘extemporaneidade” de Goethe como meio de implementar a autonomia artística.
O modelo heurístico orgânico na obra de F. W. J. Schelling e sua recepção na Rússia do início do século XIX
Authors: Pinto Pedro Augusto
Published: February 2019

Apresentando um breve histórico da ideia de organismo ao longo do século XVIII, tentaremos delinear a trajetória percorrida por ela até o momento em que se tornaria um elemento fundamental no debate sobre a nacionalidade russa promovido pela elite letrada do país após as Guerras Napoleônicas. Nesse trajeto, um papel fundamental é ocupado pelas ideias desenvolvidas pelo Romantismo alemão – em particular as dos filósofos J. G. Herder e, sobretudo, F. W. J. Schelling. Assim, buscaremos mostrar como alguns raciocínios oriundos da sua chamada “Filosofia da Identidade”, e expressos em obras como “Ideias para uma Filosofia da Natureza” e “Filosofia da Arte”, foram imprescindíveis para que intelectuais e escritores russos pudessem propugnar um projeto artístico e cultural característico para o seu próprio país.
Encerrando e protegendo: a lepra no século XIV em Portugal
Authors: Nogueira Carlos Roberto Figueiredo
Published: February 2019

No século XIV a Crise impõe a escassez. Um Portugal já debilitado por uma balança comercial desfavorável foi marcado por crises de abastecimento e pestes, à parte de seu envolvimento constante guerras com Castela. Ou seja, foi um século de falta de pão, de devastações e pilhagens. No entanto, os leprosos parecem escapar à carestia generalizada.
Raízes sociais da ciência
Authors: Santos Flávio Magalhães Piotto , Zilsel Edgar
Published: February 2019

Tradução do capítulo "The social roots of science" do livro 'The Social origins of Modern Science", de Edgar Zilsel.
indivíduo, a sociedade e a doença
Authors: Nascimento Dilene Raimundo do , Vianna Eliza da Silva , Moraes Monica Cristina de , Silva Danielle Souza Fialho da
Published: February 2019

Este artigo pretende discutir o conceito de representação social das doenças. Está baseado em discussões no campo teórico sobre a relação entre indivíduo e sociedade. Nesse sentido, autores de diferentes matrizes disciplinares – Antropologia, Sociologia, História e Psicologia – são analisados pensando a inserção do indivíduo na estrutura social, mostrando diferentes ângulos do pensamento sobre a questão. Para tanto, foi necessário mobilizar a relação entre o conceito de representação social e o da experiência da doença, que ocorre tanto em termos subjetivos quanto concretos, na busca do entendimento do que é permanência na estrutura social de doenças crônicas e epidêmicas.
Influência dos Modelos Digitais de Elevação na Susceptibilidade a Escorregamento com Modelo de Regressão Logística
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Fernandes Joana , Bateira Carlos , Faria Ana , Gonçalves José
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses on the influence of Digital Elevation Models on the landslides susceptibility assessment in agricultural terraces, using Logistic Regression statistical model. This study was performed in a watershed located at Carvalhas Estate in Douro Valley, using an inventory of 109 landslides. To analyse the influence of the digital elevation model (DEM) resolution we used three DEMs, (A), (B) and (C). The DEMs (A) and (B) were directly obtained by processing aerial images and extracting different resolutions, 1 and 5 meters, respectively. The DEM (C), with 5m resolution, was processed with Topo to Raster interpolation method, using as input data contour lines of 10 m interval, elevation points and hydrography. The Logistic Regression was performed using two models which are distinguished by the independent variables alteration. At model 1 was used the slope, curvature, raiser slope, riser height, contributing areas and topographic wetness index. In scenario 2 we decide remove the independent variables related with the terrace geometry, riser slope and riser height. The results seems to indicate that there is no significant influence of different resolutions of Digital Elevation Models in susceptibility modelling at this small scale and using statistical methods. The independent variables riser slope and riser height provide information of the terraces geometry and the construction techniques that enter the modelling process with more detailed information.
Queer As a Verb: Critical Reflections on the Explode! queer dance festival
Authors: Werther Janet
Published: February 2019

The Explode! queer dance festival was a continuation of the ongoing multimedia project that is Queer Dance, comprising a 2012 conference, the 2015 Confetti Sunrise dance series in Ann Arbor, MI, and the 2017 volume Queer Dance: Meanings and Makings with its associated video archive. The festival of 12 performances by 9 artists or groups revealed queer dance as embodied action, at once opaque, evocative, and deeply imbricated in the social.
Chlorophytum assamicum (Asparagaceae), a new species from Northeast India
Authors: BORAH DIPANKAR , KAFLEY PARIXIT , DAS ABHAYA P. , TANGJANG SUMPAM , AVERYNOV LEONID
Published: February 2019

The genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawler (1808: 1071) (Asparagaceae), includes about 200 species (Govaerts et al. 2012) distributed in the Old World tropics (Mabberley 2017). In India, this genus is represented by 19 species (Malpure & Yadav 2009; Chandore et al. 2012), including the new species proposed below. Indian species of Chlorophytum are usually forest dwellers and are cryptophytic with aboveground organs disappearing in the dry season (Chandore et al. 2012). Most of the members of Chlorophytum, reported from India have their distribution in Western Ghats except C. nepalense (Lindley 1826: 277) Baker (1876: 320), C. comosum (Thunberg 1794: 63) Jacques (1862: 345), C. breviscapum Dalzell (1850: 141), and C. arundinaceum Baker (1876: 323) growing in northeastern Himalaya (Adsul 2015).
Lectotypifications and taxonomic notes in the Stenorrhynchos clade (Spiranthinae, Orchidaceae)
Authors: GUIMARÃES LEONARDO R. S. , SALAZAR GERARDO A. , DE BARROS FÁBIO
Published: February 2019

We propose fourteen lectotypifications and five new synonyms for species in the Stenorrhynchos clade, one of the four major lineages of subtribe Spiranthinae. Also, one species of Eltroplectris, one of Sacoila and one of Stenorrhynchos are indicated as incertae sedis.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XLI. Errata
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R. , SCHWARTSBURD PEDRO B. , MORAN ROBBIN C. , MATOS FERNANDO B.
Published: February 2019

We correct a number of omissions and errors in the previous series of publications of the “Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia”. Most importantly, we correct the combining authorship for Didymoglossum punctatum subsp. sphenoides (Kunze) Boudrie & Cremers, add missing information on Elaphoglossum latevagans Mickel, and validly publish the new combination and status for Hypolepis rigescens var. buchtienii (Rosenst.) Schwartsb. and new combination Christella abrupta (A.R.Sm.) A.R.Sm., previously called C. grandis, which was invalidly published.
A new flat mite (Acari: Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae) from date palm in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: DE MORAES G. J. , AL-SHANFARI A. , DA SILVA R. V.
Published: February 2019

Tenuipalpus omani n. sp. (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is described from the Sultanate of Oman, based on adults of both sexes collected on date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae). This new species is most similar to T. eriophyoides Baker, T. pareriophyoides Meyer & Gerson and T. yarensis Hasan, Bashir & Wakil, also collected from date palm.
Redescription of the genus Chlamydolecanium Goux, 1933 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with a discussion of its affinities
Authors: VEA ISABELLE M.
Published: February 2019

The monotypic genus Chlamydolecanium Goux (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) is known only from the original collection in Corsica. The original description does not allow definite placement in any of the subfamilies in the Coccidae. Although it had been suggested that it belonged to the Cardiococcinae, no other members of this subfamily were geographically close. The adult female and 1 st -instar nymph of the type species, Chlamydolecanium conchioides Goux are here redescribed. A parsimony analysis was undertaken based on 56 morphological characters of the adult females in 29 taxa (24 genera considered to belong to the Cardiococcinae, plus Parafairmaria bipartita (Signoret), an incertae sedis monospecific genus possibly close to Cardiococcinae, plus the recently described Kenima galilit Ben-Dov plus two other soft scale genera as outgroups (Coccus hesperidum L. and Paralecanium frenchii (Maskell)). This analysis confirmed the placement of the genus Chlamydolecanium within the Cardiococcinae clade, although its sister-group relationships remain unresolved. Its geographic distribution and taxonomic relationships are discussed.
Three new Praociini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Peninsula Valdés (Argentina), with zoogeographical and ecological remarks
Authors: FLORES GUSTAVO E. , CARRARA RODOLFO , CHELI GERMÁN H.
Published: February 2019

Three new taxa from Peninsula Valdés (Argentina) are described for the tribe Praociini (Pimeliinae): Calymmophorus peninsularis sp. nov. and two subspecies of Praocis (Hemipraocis) sellata Berg 1889: P. (H.) sellata peninsularis ssp. nov. and P. (H.) sellata granulipennis ssp. nov. The first two taxa are endemic to the peninsula and the third one is distributed in and outside the peninsula. Distribution maps, habitat records and habitus photographs for these three new taxa are included, with comparisons to other known species of the genera. An identification key to the five subspecies of Praocis (Hemipraocis) sellata is provided. A discussion is presented on endemicity and sympatry of two species of Calymmophorus Solier 1840, and non-sympatry of two subspecies of Praocis (Hemipraocis) sellata. The following synonymy is reported and illustrated: Praocis sellata bruchi Kulzer 1958 = Praocis sellata topali Kaszab 1964 syn. nov.
A new species of Campsurus (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Campsurinae) from Argentina and Uruguay and redescription of C. evanidus and C. jorgenseni with new synonymies
Authors: EMMERICH DANIEL , MOLINERI CARLOS
Published: February 2019

The subfamily Campsurinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) includes one of the most specious genera of Ephemeroptera, Campsurus (with 40 known species), with a Pan-American distribution and its greatest diversity in South America. The following new synonymies are proposed: C. evanidus Needham & Murphy, 1924 (=C. juradinus Navás, 1930) and C. jorgenseni Esben-Petersen, 1912 (=C. scutellaris Needham & Murphy, 1924). Redescriptions, drawings and photographs are provided for both species. C. vulturorum sp. nov. from Argentina and Uruguay is described and illustrated for all life stages. It is characterized, in the adult stage, by: very large size (male fore wings 15.9–20.5 mm, female fore wings 21.0–28.0 mm), posterior margin of male abdominal sternum IX convex and rounded, pedestals subrectangular with a short projection on outer-posterior margin; penes widely separated distally, each arm formed by two lobes; and in mature nymphs by: mandibular tusks robust with a large submedian tubercle and six subapical rounded and small tubercles, maxilla with a short flat and triangular membranous gill on cardo.
A new species of the perciform fish genus Symphysanodon (Symphysanodontidae) from the Arabian Sea off the southwestern coast of India
Authors: ANDERSON, JR. WILLIAM D. , BINEESH K. K.
Published: February 2019

Symphysanodon xanthopterygion, new species, reported herein from 15 specimens collected near Quilon, India, off the Kerala Coast in the southeastern Arabian Sea, becomes the twelfth described species in the genus. The following characters in combination distinguish S. xanthopterygion from its congeners: parapophyses present on first caudal vertebra, total number of gillrakers on first arch 38 to 42, tubed lateral-line scales 54 to 59, sum of lateral-line scales plus total number of gillrakers in individual specimens 94 to 101, head length 33 to 37% SL, head depth 18 to 21% SL, snout length 5 to 6% SL, body depth 24 to 27% SL, lower caudal-fin lobe bright yellow.
A molecular phylogeny of the Grunts (Perciformes: Haemulidae) inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear genes
Authors: SANCIANGCO MILLICENT D. , ROCHA LUIZ A. , CARPENTER KENT E.
Published: February 2019

We infer a phylogeny of haemulid genera using mitochondrial COI and Cyt b genes and nuclear RAG1, SH3PX3, and Plagl2 genes from 56 haemulid species representing 18 genera of the expanded haemulids (including the former inermiids) and ten outgroup species. Results from maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses show strong support for a monophyletic Haemulidae with the inclusion of Emmelichthyops atlanticus. The former inermiids did not form a clade indicating that the highly protrusible upper jaw specialization to planktivory evolved more than once within Haemulidae. The subfamilies Haemulinae and Plectorhinchinae, currently diagnosed by eight morphological characters, most notably the number of chin pores and the origin of the retractor dorsalis, are also recovered from these analyses with the Haemulinae sister to the Plectorhinchinae. Plectorhinchus is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Diagramma. Within the Haemulinae, Pomadasys and Conodon are polyphyletic. In addition, Anisotremus is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Genyatremus and Conodon nobilis, and Haemulon is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Xenistius. These results suggest that further morphological and molecular studies are needed to revise the limits of several haemulid genera.
The genus Limnoria (Limnoriidae, Isopoda, Crustacea) in Europe, including a key to species
Authors: CASTELLÓ JOSÉ
Published: February 2019

A new species of Limnoria inhabiting seaweed from the Alborán Island (western Mediterranean) is described. This is the seventh record of the genus from European coasts. L. turae n. sp. is mainly distinguished by the unique dorsal sculpture of its pleotelson, with 3 pairs of longitudinal carina without puncta, and the absence of the mandibular rasp. L. carinata is redescribed from a neotype. A key to European species is provided, and two comparative tables of the European species are included.
Morphology of the eggs of the genus Belminus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) by optical and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: SANDOVAL CLAUDIA M. , NIEVES ELSA , ANGULO VÍCTOR M. , DA ROSA JOÃO ARISTEU , ALDANA ELIS
Published: February 2019

The external morphology of eggs of the species Belminus corredori Galvão & Angulo, 2006, Belminus herreri Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979 and Belminus ferroae Sandoval, Pabón, Jurberg & Galvão, 2007 is described for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Females lay one egg at a time; the shape of the egg is oval with lateral flattening, a rounded caudal area and a true and simple convex operculum. The average size of the egg among these species is 0.51– 0.58 mm in length and 0.36–0.4 mm in width. As a generic character we highlight the discovery of a chorion rim with one to four grooves always joined to the micropyles. All species present a clear polygonal pattern only in the operculum and in the egg’s cephalic region, while the median and caudal regions show a smooth appearance, features that are shared only with the eggs of the genus Alberprosenia. A discriminant analysis of the polygonal design of the operculum proved to be useful for the identification of the species.
A new species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) closely related to T. chilonis Ishii from Pakistan
Authors: NASIR FAROOQ MUHAMMAD , BÜTTNER CARMEN , REICHMUTH CHRISTOPH , POSWAL ASHRAF , HAGEDORN GREGOR , SCHÖLLER MATTHIAS
Published: February 2019

A new species of Trichogramma Westwood (1833) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing eggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomato in Northern Punjab, Murree hills, Pakistan is described. The new species is closely related to T. chilonis Ishii, the most widely distributed species in Pakistan and India. Morphological characters, ITS-2 sequence differences and reproductive data are presented to distinguish T. siddiqi n. sp. from T. chilonis.
The first blind Paranthura species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Paranthuridae) from the 'El Cachucho' Marine Protected Area (Le Danois Bank, southern Bay of Biscay)
Authors: FRUTOS INMACULADA , SORBE JEAN CLAUDE , JUNOY JUAN
Published: February 2019

A new paranthurid isopod, Paranthura santiparrai sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in the 'El Cachucho' Marine Protected Area, southern Bay of Biscay. The new species can be distinguished from all the known species of the genus Paranthura by the absence of eyes, from the native NE Atlantic species Paranthura nigropunctata and Paranthura costana by the lack of body pigmentation, antenna 1 and pereopod morphology and from the non-indigenous species Paranthura japonica (recently discovered in the Arcachon Bay) by the pleonites not fused mediodorsally. The genus Paranthura is rediagnosed to accommodate the new taxon and an identification key is provided for European species. Ecological data on the new species are presented.
On a second species of Envia Ott & Höfer, 2003 (Araneae, Microstigmatidae), with notes on the sympatric type species
Authors: MIGLIO LAURA TAVARES , BONALDO ALEXANDRE BRAGIO
Published: February 2019

A second species of the microstigmatid spider genus Envia Ott & Höfer, 2003 is described from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A new diagnosis, new records and notes on intra-specific variation in the tibial apophysis of the first leg of the male Envia garciai Ott & Höfer, 2003 are also provided. Males of Envia moleque n. sp. are readily recognizable by the copulatory bulb with a strong apical spine on weakly differentiated paraembolic apophysis and by tibia I lacking an apophysis, which is instead represented by a modified retroventral apical spine in the type species. Females can be recognized by the spermathecae with globose distal receptaculum. Both known species in the genus are sympatric at least at the UFAM Experimental Farm, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, the type locality of the new species.
Two new species of Antillorena Jocqué 1991 from northeastern Brazil (Araneae, Zodariidae)
Authors: BRESCOVIT ANTONIO DOMINGOS , RUIZ GUSTAVO RODRIGO SANCHES
Published: February 2019

The genus Antillorena Jocqué, 1991 proposed to include a single species from Lesser Antilles, is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Two new species are described from the state of Bahia, Brazil, namely Antillorena patapata sp. nov. and Antillorena gaia sp. nov.
Potential Reemergence of Seasonal Soil Moisture Anomalies in North America
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Newman Matthew , Wang Yan , Livneh Ben
Published: February 2019

Soil moisture anomalies within the root zone (roughly, soil depths down to ~0.4 m) typically persist only a few months. Consequently, land surface–related climate predictability research has often focused on subseasonal to seasonal time scales. However, in this study of multidecadal in situ datasets and land data assimilation products, we find that root zone soil moisture anomalies can recur several or more seasons after they were initiated, indicating potential interannual predictability. Lead–lag correlations show that this recurrence often happens during one fixed season and also seems related to the greater memory of soil moisture anomalies within the layer beneath the root zone, with memory on the order of several months to over a year. That is, in some seasons, notably spring and summer when the vertical soil water potential gradient reverses sign throughout much of North America, deeper soil moisture anomalies appear to return to the surface, thereby restoring an earlier root zone anomaly that had decayed. We call this process “reemergence,” in analogy with a similar seasonally varying process (with different underlying physics) providing winter-to-winter memory to the extratropical ocean surface layer. Pronounced spatial and seasonal dependence of soil moisture reemergence is found that is frequently, but not always, robust across datasets. Also, some of its aspects appear sensitive to spatial and temporal sampling, especially within the shorter available in situ datasets, and to precipitation variability. Like its namesake, soil moisture reemergence may enhance interannual-to-decadal variability, notably of droughts. Its detailed physics and role within the climate system, however, remain to be understood.
Building positive relationships with students struggling with mental health
Authors: Minahan Jessica
Published: February 2019

Teachers today work in classrooms where a large proportion of students have mental health disorders. Yet, because these teachers lack training in mental health issues, they often react to these students in ways that cause them to shut down or escalate their aggressive behavior. Other teachers, however, seem to intuitively understand how to connect with these students. Behavioral analyst Jessica Minahan suggests that the strategies these teachers employ be treated as accommodations, similar to those provided for students with other special needs. Carefully articulating and writing down these interaction strategies will enable adults throughout the school to create personal connections that help students with mental health issues access the curriculum, instead of disengaging or being sent out of class for behavior they cannot control.
Retooling American Foodralism
Authors: Beyranevand Laurie J. , Winters Diana
Published: February 2019

Food policy action on the state and local levels is necessary and important for at least two reasons. First, the complexity and breadth of our nation's food system requires layered policy and regulation: the system's functioning needs both national uniformity and local distinctions. Second, there are crucial gaps in national regulation that provide rich opportunities for state and local action. These gaps, in areas such as the regulation of antibiotics in animal feed and the oversight of food additives, are not priorities of the federal agencies that oversee food. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made nutrition policy a priority for 2018, the current administration's explicitly anti-regulatory agenda makes it unlikely that it will address these previously under prioritized areas.
The Epidemiology of Injuries in Middle School Football, 2015-2017: The Advancing Healthcare Initiatives for Underserved Students Project
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Cortes Nelson , Ambegaonkar Jatin P. , Caswell Amanda M. , Prebble Matt , Romm Kaitlin , Caswell Shane V.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Although data exist on injuries in youth football leagues, there are limited recent data on injury incidence in middle school football. Updated injury incidence estimates can help drive the development of injury prevention strategies.

Purpose:

Describe the epidemiology of injuries in middle school football during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Data originated from 9 public middle schools in Virginia during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Certified athletic trainers collected injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data from school-sanctioned games and practices in boys’, football. Injury counts and rates per 1000 AEs were calculated. Injury rate ratios with 95% CIs compared rates between games and practices.

Results:

Overall, 664 middle school boys’, football injuries were reported, leading to an overall injury rate of 20.54 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 18.98-22.11). The time loss injury rate (inclusive of injuries with participation restriction time ≥24 hours) was 9.28 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 8.23-10.33). The injury rate was higher in competition than practice (36.19 vs 17.97 per 1000 AEs; injury rate ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.69-2.40). Most injuries were to the head/face (competition, 20.6%; practice, 15.8%) and hand/wrist (competition, 18.8%; practice, 16.4%) and were diagnosed as contusions (competition, 30.9%; practice, 25.9%) and sprains (competition, 19.4%; practice, 12.6%). Competitions also had a large proportion of concussions (10.3%). Overall, 80.0% and 66.9% of injuries were due to contact in competition and practice, respectively; of these contact-related injuries, 62.1% and 41.6% were specifically player contact.

Conclusion:

Injury distributions parallel those found in previous research from middle school and other sport settings. Injury rates in middle school football were higher than those reported in previous findings in high school and college. However, caution must be taken when interpreting findings in relation to other surveillance systems with varying methodologies. Still, the findings highlight the need for injury prevention strategies within middle school football, particularly as related to contact-related mechanisms.
Evaluation of an In-Ear Sensor for Quantifying Head Impacts in Youth Soccer
Authors: Sandmo Stian Bahr , McIntosh Andrew S. , Andersen Thor Einar , Koerte Inga Katharina , Bahr Roald
Published: February 2019

Background:

Wearable sensor systems have the potential to quantify head kinematic responses of head impacts in soccer. However, on-field use of sensors (eg, accelerometers) remains challenging, owing to poor coupling to the head and difficulties discriminating low-severity direct head impacts from inertial loading of the head from human movements, such as jumping and landing.

Purpose:

To test the validity of an in-ear sensor for quantifying head impacts in youth soccer.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

First, the sensor was mounted to a Hybrid III headform and impacted with a linear impactor or a soccer ball. Peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), and peak rotational velocity (PRV) were obtained from both systems; random and systematic errors were calculated with Hybrid III as reference. Then, 6 youth soccer players wore sensors and performed a structured training protocol, including heading and nonheading exercises; they also completed 2 regular soccer sessions. For each accelerative event recorded, PLA, PRA, and PRV outputs were compared with video recordings. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the sensor’s discriminatory capacity in both on-field settings, establishing cutoff values for predicting outcomes.

Results:

For the laboratory tests, the random error was 11% for PLA, 20% for PRA, and 5% for PRV; the systematic error was 11%, 19%, and 5%, respectively. For the structured training protocol, heading events resulted in higher absolute values (PLA = 15.6 g± 11.8 g) than nonheading events (PLA = 4.6 g± 1.2 g); the area under the curve was 0.98 for PLA. In regular training sessions, the area under the curve was >0.99 for PLA. A 9 g cutoff value yielded a positive predictive value of 100% in the structured training protocol versus 65% in the regular soccer sessions.

Conclusion:

The in-ear sensor displayed considerable random error and substantially overestimated head impact exposure. Despite the sensor’s excellent on-field accuracy for discriminating headings from other accelerative events in youth soccer, absolute values must be interpreted with caution, and there is a need for secondary means of verification (eg, video analysis) in real-life settings.

Clinical Relevance:

Wearable sensor systems can potentially provide valuable insights into head impact exposures in contact sports, but their limitations require careful consideration.
Inspiration From Chinese Painting: A Feasibility Study of Using Chinese Ink as Pigment Colorant for a Wearable Art Collection
Authors: Zhang Ling , Xiang Chunhui , Sanders Eulanda A.
Published: February 2019

Pigments are the most commonly used colorations, due to their ease of accessibility, and have been used for textile printing and pad-dyeing processes for many decades. This research on pigment dyeing was conducted as part of a wearable art design project inspired by the techniques and aesthetics of traditional Chinese painting. To preserve the spirit of the Chinese paintings, silk and cotton fabrics were used in submersion pigment dyeing and direct painting experiments with Chinese ink to determine their color strength, colorfastness, and fabric properties. Due to the results, the researchers were confident in the viability of using Chinese ink as the pigment colorant for dip dyeing and direct silk painting in the wearable arts. This research was also intended for students and designers as an example of how to use practical concepts of textile testing in innovative apparel design projects.
Performance portable parallel programming of heterogeneous stencils across shared-memory platforms with modern Intel processors
Authors: Szustak Lukasz , Bratek Pawel
Published: February 2019

In this work, we take up the challenge of performance portable programming of heterogeneous stencil computations across a wide range of modern shared-memory systems. An important example of such computations is the Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA), the second major part of the dynamic core of the EULAG geophysical model. For this aim, we develop a set of parametric optimization techniques and four-step procedure for customization of the MPDATA code. Among these techniques are: islands-of-cores strategy, (3+1)D decomposition, exploiting data parallelism and simultaneous multithreading, data flow synchronization, and vectorization. The proposed adaptation methodology helps us to develop the automatic transformation of the MPDATA code to achieve high sustained scalable performance for all tested ccNUMA platforms with Intel processors of last generations. This means that for a given platform, the sustained performance of the new code is kept at a similar level, independently of the problem size. The highest performance utilization rate of about 41–46% of the theoretical peak, measured for all benchmarks, is provided for any of the two-socket servers based on Skylake-SP (SKL-SP), Broadwell, and Haswell CPU architectures. At the same time, the four-socket server with SKL-SP processors achieves the highest sustained performance of around 1.0–1.1 Tflop/s that corresponds to about 33% of the peak.
Common feline problem behaviours: Unacceptable indoor elimination
Authors: Heath Sarah
Published: February 2019

Practical relevance:

One of the reasons why cats enjoy such a high level of popularity as domestic pets is the fact that they are clean. When there is a breakdown in this fastidious behaviour and elimination occurs outside of the litter box or tray, the strain on the cat–owner bond and on human relationships within the household can be considerable.

Evidence base:

Indoor elimination behaviour is one of the most common reasons for cat owners to seek professional advice and there is a wide range of articles, book chapters and research papers that reference it. In many cases the topic of urination and defecation in unacceptable indoor locations is considered in combination with the deposition of urine or faeces as a marker, but this review focuses purely on problematic elimination. An accompanying article in this special issue discusses urine spraying.

Clinical challenges:

Indoor elimination problems necessitate a clinical approach combining knowledge from the fields of physical and emotional health and an understanding of normal feline behaviour. They also require comprehensive history-taking skills as well as effective communication skills and a degree of empathy for owners who are often finding their pet’s behaviour very distressing.

Global importance:

Early diagnosis of physical health disorders that are associated with indoor elimination is extremely important in terms of safeguarding feline welfare. As we become more aware of the interplay between physical and emotional health, the significance of identifying suboptimal social and physical environments in terms of optimising the welfare of domestic cats is also being recognised. The potential for indoor elimination problems to cause considerable human distress highlights the importance of the concepts of One Health and One Welfare.
Intimacy and Hedonism: The Aesthetics of the Terrazza in Italian Cinema
Authors: Asciuto Nicoletta
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the developments of the terrazza (“roof terrace”) as a cinematic space in post-war and contemporary Italian films. By taking a historical approach, I show how the terrazza has evolved, from the post-war years to the present, to become an architecture of intimacy and hedonism. In Italian film aesthetics, the terrazza replaces the piazza (“square”), the space normally assumed to represent quintessential Italian life. This article considers the cinematic and aesthetic development of elevated architectural space in five key films, ranging from the post-war classics Mario Monicelli’s I soliti ignoti ( Big Deal on Madonna Street, 1958) and Michelangelo Antonioni’s L’avventura ( The Adventure, 1960), through Una giornata particolare ( A Special Day, 1977) and La terrazza ( The Terrace, 1980) by Ettore Scola, to Paolo Sorrentino’s very contemporary La grande bellezza ( The Great Beauty, 2013), a film clearly indebted to the aesthetics of its ground-breaking predecessors.
Insights into microbiome research 6: The role of consortia in studying the role of microbes in health and disease
Authors: Baranzini Sergio E
Published: February 2019

Consortia are large, multidisciplinary research efforts that carry the power of numbers. In addition, they enable the sharing of protocols and strategies, ultimately resulting in credible, reproducible, and groundbreaking discoveries. Several consortia are currently investigating the role of bacteria in health and disease, including the International Multiple Sclerosis Microbiome Study (iMSMS), whose effort is dedicated to multiple sclerosis.
Design of vehicle control research and development platform for a pure electric vehicle
Authors: Zhao Ying , Hou Jinsen , Wang Chong , Chen Linlin , Sun Qun
Published: February 2019

A design of a pure electric vehicle controller research and development platform is presented in this article. Based on a Freescale MC9S12XDP512 microcontroller with several I/O ports, the hardware of the controller together with a controller area network communication interface to coordinate functionalities of each vehicle module is designed. The control strategy is modeled and verified by MATLAB/Simulink and AVL.Cruise softwares. The calibration of parameters is verified by a 55 kW dynamometer machine with different test scenarios. Besides, comprehensive experiments are performed and the results are obtained using the platform.
Adaptive double neural network control for micro-gyroscope based on dynamic surface controller
Authors: Fang Yunmei , Lei Dandan , Fei Juntao
Published: February 2019

An adaptive double neural network with a dynamic surface control scheme is investigated for a micro-gyroscope in the presence of manufacturing errors and disturbances. A dynamic surface controller, where a first-order filter is introduced in each step, is proposed to reduce the parameters and the computational complexity. One radical basis function neural network is used to approximate the lumped dynamics of the micro-gyroscope. Another radical basis function neural network is designed to approximate a sliding-mode controller to compensate the approximation errors in order to weaken the influence of the approximation errors. Simulation studies prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, demonstrate the proposed strategy could reduce the chattering, shorten the tracking time, and improve the tracking performance.
Top cited articles on ameloblastoma: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Gondivkar Shailesh M , Sarode Sachin C , Gadbail Amol R , Gondivkar Rima S , Sarode Gargi S , Choudhary Nilookumari , Patil Shankargouda
Published: February 2019

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to review and evaluate the characteristics of 100 most cited articles on ameloblastoma (AB).

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive list of citation classics in AB was generated by searching the Scopus database without year or language restrictions. The top 100 articles were retrieved after reading abstracts or full texts. The following study variables were evaluated: number of citations, citation density, journal name, impact factor, category and quartile of journals, publication year, authors with their affiliations, and article type.

Results:

The citation number ranged from 76 to 367, with a mean of 122.78 citations per article. The one hundred top cited articles were distributed in 41 journals with Cancer having the highest number of articles ( n = 16). There was a dominance of authors form United States (42 articles). The articles were published from 1955 to 2014, and eight authors published more than three papers. There were 57 research articles and 43 review articles.

Conclusions:

This first citation analysis provide a detailed list of the most influential articles on AB to help recognize the quality of the works, discoveries, and the trends steering the study of AB.
Let’s draw and talk about urban change: Deploying digital technology to encourage citizen participation in urban planning
Authors: Wilson Alexander , Tewdwr-Jones Mark
Published: February 2019

Enhancing the role of citizens in shaping places has been a longstanding objective for governments, communities and the academy. Although a range of techniques has been developed by the state to give people an opportunity to get involved, these methods often struggle to create a meaningful way to communicate aspirations for places on citizens' terms. In this paper, we document the design, deployments and evaluation of a new technological device that enabled participants to share place views and aspirations beyond more traditional government engagement methods. The device, called JigsAudio, is an open-source device fabricated by the authors that encourages people to express themselves creatively through drawing and talking. The research contributes to our understanding of how accessible and free technologies can reduce barriers to participation, whilst encouraging creativity and expression when talking about the future of places. It goes on to discuss the potential of devices such as JigsAudio conceptually and practically within urban and regional change, and considers the balance that needs to be struck between utilising smart technology whilst creating accessible and meaningful opportunities that inspire citizens.
Ordinal Regression Models in Psychology: A Tutorial
Authors: Bürkner Paul-Christian , Vuorre Matti
Published: February 2019

Ordinal variables, although extremely common in psychology, are almost exclusively analyzed with statistical models that falsely assume them to be metric. This practice can lead to distorted effect-size estimates, inflated error rates, and other problems. We argue for the application of ordinal models that make appropriate assumptions about the variables under study. In this Tutorial, we first explain the three major classes of ordinal models: the cumulative, sequential, and adjacent-category models. We then show how to fit ordinal models in a fully Bayesian framework with the R package brms, using data sets on opinions about stem-cell research and time courses of marriage. The appendices provide detailed mathematical derivations of the models and a discussion of censored ordinal models. Compared with metric models, ordinal models provide better theoretical interpretation and numerical inference from ordinal data, and we recommend their widespread adoption in psychology.
Impact of pre-enrolment medication use on clinical outcomes in SUMMIT
Authors: Vestbo Jørgen , Dransfield Mark , Anderson Julie A. , Brook Robert D. , Calverley Peter M.A. , Celli Bartolome R. , Cowans Nicholas J. , Crim Courtney , Martinez Fernando , Newby David E. , Yates Julie , Lange Peter
Published: February 2019

The impact of prior treatment on results of clinical trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been debated. We used data from the Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity in COPD Trial to examine the impact of prior treatment on the effects of randomised study drugs on mortality and exacerbations.

We used data on 16 417 patients with moderate COPD and heightened cardiovascular risk and information on prior medications to examine the effects of fluticasone furoate (FF), vilanterol (VI) and combined FF/VI compared to placebo on moderate and severe exacerbation as well as mortality. The study was event-driven with a median study exposure of 1.8 years. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numberNCT01313676.

There were no consistent associations between treatment prior to study entry and the effects of FF, VI or FF/VI on exacerbations during the study. However, patients taking inhaled corticosteroids and one or more bronchodilators prior to study entry seemed to have a better effect of active treatments than of placebo on mortality (hazard ratio for FF/VI 0.65, 95% CI 0.48–0.89). Survival in those randomised to placebo was independent of treatment prior to study enrolment.

Prior treatment appears to affect treatment effects on mortality but not exacerbations in a randomised controlled trial of patients with COPD and heightened cardiovascular risk.
Implementing Precision Medicine in Community-Based Oncology Programs: Three Models
Authors: Levit Laura A. , Kim Edward S. , McAneny Barbara L. , Nadauld Lincoln D. , Levit Kathryn , Schenkel Caroline , Schilsky Richard L.
Published: February 2019

The use of precision medicine and the number of genomic-based treatments and immunotherapies is increasing. Nevertheless, oncology providers face challenges to implementing precision medicine, including in community practices, where most patients receive treatment. On January 31, 2018, ASCO hosted Precision Medicine: Expanding Opportunities, the inaugural event in ASCO’s new State of Cancer Care in America (SOCCA) event series. This article draws from the inaugural SOCCA event and the experiences of the SOCCA event participants to summarize the opportunities and challenges of precision medicine, and to highlight three successful models of implementing precision oncology in large, multisite community practices or networks: (1) Intermountain Healthcare, (2) Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, and (3) National Cancer Care Alliance. The experience of these practices suggests that practice innovations that offer clinical decision support through molecular tumor boards and clinical pathways, and administrative support for prior authorization and clinical trial matching are key to successful implementation of large-scale, community-based precision medicine programs.
Siegfried Kracauer and Ernst Jünger
Authors: Schroeder Tyler
Published: February 2019

This article examines how the activity of writing mediates among the private, the public, and the transcendent in the work of Siegfried Kracauer and Ernst Jünger. For each, the task of modern criticism requires personal, embodied, and agonistic participation in a prototypical technological milieu. The article compares Kracauer’s position to Jünger’s on the prospect of an impersonal, transcendent “Beyond,” examines how each thinker diagnoses the deficiencies of the historical present, and shows how Jünger and Kracauer make allied use of modernist writing as a practice for deeply embedding the self in an ambivalent historical context in which coherent subjectivity is impossible.