bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Georgian Healthcare Reform ‐ Truth or Consequences: What's Behind Door Number Three?
Authors: Karavasilis Konstantinos
Published: March 2011

Since 2000 the Georgian Healthcare Reform has shifted from a set of fragmented programs funded by donor organizations to a coherent policy driven and primarily supported by the government and private investments. Unfortunately, Georgia's goal to provide universal coverage for all its citizens raises several concerns. First, the government is currently subsidizing 1.1 million health insurance policies. Second, while access to healthcare has markedly improved, professional competency has not, because of the lack of adequate postgraduate training opportunities and mandated requirements.
In the News
Authors: Jacobs William , Nicogossian Arnauld
Published: March 2011

In the Editors' opinion, the materials summarized in this section have the potential for the development of health policies and standards; or for use in the daily practice and counseling of patients in preventative care. For additional information, readers might wish to visit Internet‐based medical news websites, some free of charge, such as MedScape, Stone Heart, American College of Physicians, and the World Medical Association.
Technology ‐ What an Impact in 2010
Authors: Doarn Charles R.
Published: March 2011

The scope and breadth of technology revealed in 2010 has wide implications for the delivery of healthcare and for public health policy development. During the past 12 months, technology and its application in public and global health has seen another year of amazing growth. Highlights of novel technological applications to medicine are discussed.
Developing International Standards for Disaster Preparedness and Response: How Do We Get There?
Authors: McCann David GC , Cordi Heidi P.
Published: March 2011

In 2010, the earthquake and the subsequent development of a cholera epidemic in Haiti, along with the massive flooding in Pakistan, demonstrated, once again, that international disaster relief operations, though vigorous, lacked effective integration and coordination. Needless duplication of resources and response characterizes international relief efforts. This paper examines evidence of developing international cooperative efforts for more effective disaster preparedness and calls for specific actions needed to move toward international standards of disaster preparedness and response.
The Perversion of Scientific Evidence for Policy Advocacy: A Perspective on Avery 2010
Authors: Fielding Richard
Published: March 2011

The claims of scientific misconduct surrounding the pandemic influenza event in 2009 and the furor surrounding purported scientific manipulation at the University of East Anglia's Climate Research Unit were used as grounds in Avery's 2010 paper to ostensibly criticize how science is corrupted by the need to support particular political or ethical perspectives and, implicitly, that such perspectives are either lacking in evidence, or that such evidence is distorted or suppressed to maintain the politically correct interpretation. However, this rejoinder to Avery's paper demonstrates unambiguously that both unbalanced interpretation and one‐sided presentation of opinion as evidence in support of these claims is in fact a thinly disguised attack on two issues that are contentious to certain vested interests. Having written the original paper on which Avery 2010 is based for a think tank well known for its opposition on ideological grounds to both environmental legislation and anthropogenic global warming, and for which some funding was received, Avery undermines his own arguments by appearing to embody the very problem he seeks to reveal. This rejoinder details why that seems to be the case.
Rebuttal Letter to Avery's Scientific Misconduct
Authors: Davies Trevor
Published: March 2011

Davies rebuts Avery's allegations of scientific misconduct and offers specific scholarly research citations with the objective of furthering a rational debate about climate change.
Disaster Medicine: The Need for Global Action
Authors: Nicogossian Arnauld , Zimmerman Thomas , Kloiber Otmar , Grigoriev Anatoly I. , Koizumi Naoru , Heineman‐Pieper Jessica , Mayer Jeremy D , Doarn Charles R. , Jacobs William
Published: March 2011

The first decade of the twenty‐first century was a hallmark for natural and human‐made disasters. The world community continued to experience regional conflicts, terrorism, environmental degradation, death, and economic losses. Disasters will continue to happen and proper support, through a granting program, will be necessary to explore and bench mark best practices in Disaster Medicine.
Spectrophotometric, atomic absorption and conductometric analysis of tramadol hydrochloride
Authors: Anis Sara , Hosny Mervat , Abdellatef Hisham , El-Balkiny Mohamed
Published: March 2011

Six simple and sensitive spectroscopic and conductometric procedures (A-F)
were developed for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride. Method A,B
and C are based on the reaction of cobalt (II) thiocyanate with tramadol to
form stable ternary complex, which could be measured by spectrophotometric
(method A), atomic absorption (method B) or conductometric (method C)
procedures. Method (D and E) depended on the reaction of molybdenum
thiocyanate with tramadol to form stable ternary complex, measured by
spectrophotometric means (method D), or by atomic absorption procedures
(method E), while method F depends on the formation of an ion pair complex
between the studied drug and bromothymol blue which is extractable into
methylene chloride, Tramadol hydrochloride could be assayed in the range of
80-560 ?g ml-1, 40-220 ?g ml-1, 1-15 mg, 2.5-22.5 ?g ml-1, 1.25-11.25 ?g ml-1
and 5-22 ?g ml-1 using methods A,B,C,D,E and F respectively. Various
experimental conditions were studied. The results obtained showed good
recoveries. The proposed procedures were applied successfully to the analysis
of tramadol in its pharmaceutical preparations and the results were favorably
comparable with the official method.
From Castalia to Wikipedia: Openness and Closure in Knowledge Communities
Authors: Roberts Peter , Peters Michael A.
Published: March 2011

This article explores different forms of openness and closure in two knowledge communities: the fictional world of Castalia in Hermann Hesse's great work The Glass Bead Game, and the twenty-first-century cyberspatial universe of Wikipedia. These two worlds differ in some important respects, but they also share a number of educationally significant features in common. The authors compare the respective approaches to knowledge, decision-making and social organization in Castalia and Wikipedia. They argue that both can be seen as flawed knowledge communities, from which, nonetheless, much can be learned that is helpful in advancing current discussions of openness as an ideal.
The Contribution of Virtual Education to Social Inclusion with the Consolidation of a New Conviviality
Authors: Fainholc Beatriz
Published: March 2011

This article discusses some of the approaches implemented as socio-educational public policies - which have failed - aimed at strengthening social inclusion to encourage a substantive conviviality, an alternative to the existing one, which is included under the new comprehensive framework of Social Studies of Science and Technology in their relationship to the construction/application of scientific-technological knowledge through electronic distance education programs, specifically in Latin America. This field is linked to public policies/actions, when recognizing critical alternatives to the linear model of technological innovation (to replace it with the situated and distributed, systemic-holistic, and socio-technological interpretation), stressing the particular conditions of production and use of knowledge for the region, with the articulation of ICT, mainly to renovate and incorporate virtual higher-level educational proposals. So, this article contributes to the deepening not only of the ‘new sociology of science and technology’, but also to different lines of inquiry which affect the programmes of electronic distance education today, characterized by a consumerist scientific-technological boom within global controversy. The practice of a substantive reflexivity will result in not only a new meaning of the concept of social inclusion for a new conviviality within global social systems traversed by ICT, but also in the analysis of proposals that will overcome the socio-educational exclusion mediated by technology, for a social inclusion and a new conviviality. The configuration of this considers the empowerment and practice of digital skills to function with relevance and prudence, in a proactive and responsible way, in a progressive (cyber)-citizenry, with valuable, productive, and valid behaviour to meet equitable needs of life by an intercultural respect, recognition of contradictions and social tensions, theoretical and methodological negotiation, and practice in the hybrid production of alternative frameworks to overcome diverse e-exclusions.
Interdependence: Reinterpreting the Nature of Leadership and Community in Online Learning with Reference to the Samba School
Authors: Roder John , Naughton Chris
Published: March 2011

With the advent of online learning, questions have arisen as to which format for leadership may be most appropriate given the technological and social evolution within online discussion. Emerging perspectives on the nature of interaction between those who lead and those who learn in this new environment pose difficult questions for both providers and learners. Institutions are no longer seen as the sole proprietors of knowledge as learners have the freedom to engage in multiple forms of knowledge construction with the advent of Web 2.0. Online learning creates the conditions for emergence where power lies not only in individual achievement but in collective participation. It is this sense of a learning community where new ideas are produced through collaborative engagement that inspired Seymour Papert, a pioneer in educational computing. Papert saw the samba school as the embodiment of this shared learning. In philosophical terms a parallel can be drawn between this development or making of ideas through online learning and the thing in a Heideggerian reading, brought to a point where, through the process of making, it can ‘thing’ within the forum. To continue the reference to Martin Heidegger, what is the role of the teacher when those involved in the process of making are those who in turn will validate the thingness of the thing or idea? Following this thought, is it that the teacher now has to become the person who like the artist gathers from the substrate of the community to be made valid? Just as in the samba school, are, therefore, learners and teachers mutually dependent on each other? The implication is that the work of leadership allows students to comprehend their knowledge in the making.
Ways of Presenting Environmental Elements in old Cartographic Records and Their Reliability
Authors: Kaniecki Alfred
Published: March 2011

Ways of Presenting Environmental Elements in old Cartographic Records and Their Reliability

This article seeks to assess the reliability of the hydrographic type of environmental features depicted in old cartographic records up to the end of the 18th century.
Natural and Man-Induced Hazards Along the Danube, between Rast and Gighera Settlements, with a Special View on the 2006 Flood
Authors: Licurici Mihaela , Boengiu Sandu , Ionuş Oana
Published: March 2011

Natural and Man-Induced Hazards Along the Danube, between Rast and Gighera Settlements, with a Special View on the 2006 Flood

The paper discusses the natural and man-induced hazards in the Rast-Gighera sector of the Danube Floodplain, an area displaying asymmetric character, with the high and steep slopes of the Prebalcanic Tableland dominating the low Romanian floodplain. The subject regards an acute present problem, the necessity to improve the management of dangerous phenomena included among the objectives for this millennium. Moreover, the paper regards a space with an exceptional natural heritage that has been seriously transformed by man, the natural-human opposition becoming the key-element of the region. The complexity of the subject is given by the plurality of causes that lead to the genesis of hazards. Their nature, frequency and intensity, along with other factors of psychological or economic nature imply different answers from the part of the affected population.

In the past, the region was characterised by the significant presence of swampy areas, lakes and ponds connected to the Danube through secondary branches, being under the influence of the level oscillations of the river. The relief was strongly modified, especially during the last hundred years, the human factor exerting an important influence, mainly through flood-control dykes and dams, networks of irrigation and drainage channels, deforestation, so that extended surfaces that had been naturally covered by waters and forests were converted to agriculture.
Lithological Differences in the Deposits of Closed Basins in the Upper Parsęta Catchment (Western Pomerania)
Authors: Major Maciej
Published: March 2011

Lithological Differences in the Deposits of Closed Basins in the Upper Parsęta Catchment (Western Pomerania)

Basins without outlets, found in abundance in West Pomerania, display a great lithological diversity. Differences in the lithology in the upper Parsęta catchment result from the processes of areal deglaciation during the Vistulian Glaciation (Karczewski 1989). Intraglacial accumulation, action by fluvioglacial water, and direct glacial accumulation have produced various sedimentary series and their mosaic-like pattern. The youngest sedimentary series have developed during fluvial, aeolian and organogenic accumulation (Kostrzewski et al. 1994a). The lithology of most of the closed basins in the catchment largely features fine diamictic sands which pass into sandy diamicton at 100 cm, then medium diamictic sands which turn into fine sands at depths of 50 and 100 cm, and massive diamictic sands which turn again into sandy diamicton at 100 cm. In the catchment of a closed evapotranspiration basin equipped with measuring instruments, the predominant deposit is sands, especially medium-grained ones. Much less abundant are diamictic sands and sandy diamictons, and silts occur only sporadically. Such a lithological diversity is responsible for different rates of the water cycle recorded in the particular parts of the study area.
Criteria to Distinguish Between Periglacial, Proglacial and Paraglacial Environments
Authors: Slaymaker Olav
Published: March 2011

Criteria to Distinguish Between Periglacial, Proglacial and Paraglacial Environments

Clarification of the differences between the terms periglacial, proglacial and paraglacial is based on consideration of their conventional definitions, and noting that the term "periglacial" is a function of process, "proglacial" is a function of location and "paraglacial" is a function of degree and mode of recovery from the disturbance of continental glaciation. Periglacial and proglacial environments are commonly viewed as being adjusted to contemporary process, though important questions have been raised about relict periglacial landscapes in this regard. Paraglacial environments are explicitly out of adjustment with contemporary process and retain in their configuration a glacial signature. All three concepts are seen to be essential to comprehensive understanding of glaciated environments. It is a nested set of concepts which overlap in the field but none of the terms is redundant. Criteria for differentiation of these cold environment descriptors are proposed.
The Relationship between Dissolved Solids Yield and the Presence of Snow cover in the Periglacial Basin of the Obruchev Glacier (Polar Urals) during the Ablation Season
Authors: Stachnik Łukasz , Uzarowicz Łukasz
Published: March 2011

The Relationship between Dissolved Solids Yield and the Presence of Snow cover in the Periglacial Basin of the Obruchev Glacier (Polar Urals) during the Ablation Season

Hydrochemical investigations were carried out in the periglacial basin of Obruchev Glacier (Polar Urals, Russia) in order to provide a quantitative and qualitative comparison of dissolved solids yields during the ablation season with and without snow cover taking into account the mineral composition of rocks and deposits occurring in the studied area. The concentration of dissolved solids in the waters of the investigated basin is very low (about 7.0-8.9 μS cm-1). It is most of all due to harsh local climate conditions as well as the presence of minerals resistant to weathering in the parent material. Both factors contribute to the low rate of chemical weathering in the area. Results obtained indicate that a larger dissolved solids yield was transported during the period with snow cover (106 kg km-2 day-1, on average), than at the same time of the year but without snow cover (13 kg km-2 day-1, on average) indicating that melting snow is an important factor influencing the yield of dissolved solids in surface waters.
Geomorphological Effects of River Valleys Anthropogenic Transformations in the Perznica Catchment During the Last 200 Years (Drawsko Lakeland, Parsęta River Basin)
Authors: Szpikowski Józef
Published: March 2011

Geomorphological Effects of River Valleys Anthropogenic Transformations in the Perznica Catchment During the Last 200 Years (Drawsko Lakeland, Parsęta River Basin)

The studies on geomorphological aspects of environmental changes in the river valleys were part of the work carried out under the diagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of the relief of the Perznica basin (West Pomerania, Drawsko Lakeland). Human interference in the river valleys and anthropogenic changes in the natural hydrological systems in the Perznica catchment influenced the transformation of the relief and the intensity of morphogenetic processes. Numerous anthropogenic landforms were formed, including embankments, dams, dykes along the canals, ditches and canals, reservoirs basins, and peat excavations. The drainage resulted in an intensification of the river erosion, straightening, shortening and increase of the river gradient, as well as the increase of quantity of the suspended matter leaving the catchments. An increase of anthropogenic denudation on agricultural lands, due to the entering of the crops grown on drained depressions and valleys, led to the masking of the original relief with deluvial sediments and the formation and expansion of agricultural terraces on the edge of the fields.
Changes in Textural and Geo-Chemical Features of Alluvia in the Western Part of the Lublin Upland Over the Past 1000 Years
Authors: Zgłobicki Wojciech , Ryżak Magdalena , Bieganowski Andrzej
Published: March 2011

Changes in Textural and Geo-Chemical Features of Alluvia in the Western Part of the Lublin Upland Over the Past 1000 Years

In the study the authors analysed the diversity of the textural indices and selected geo-chemical features of sediments that accumulated in the bottoms of valleys in the western part of the Lublin Upland over the past 1000 years. Detailed studies were performed for six profiles with known stratigraphy. The sediments studied varied little in terms of textural features, with a general trend for particle diameters to increase as the depth increased. The characteristics of the sediments indicate a significant role of material supply from the slope systems (mainly gullies) to the bottoms of river valleys. The heavy metal content was characterised by greater vertical variation. In most of the profiles, the youngest deposits were characterised by greater levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, with enrichment indexes at an average of 1.5-2.5. The observed diversity of the features of sediments, particularly the geo-chemical features, should be attributed to the effect of human activity in the area studied.
The Body and the Law in the Mexico/U.S. Borderlands: Violence and Violations in El viaje de los cantores by Hugo Salcedo and Backyard by Sabina Berman
Authors: Meléndez Priscilla
Published: March 2011

The violence, lawlessness, and death currently experienced in the borderlands of Mexico and the United States are memorably portrayed in two Mexican works: Hugo Salcedo's 1989 play El viaje de los cantores and the 2004 screenplay Backyard by Sabina Berman (film released in 2009). Dramatizing the tragic death of eighteen illegal immigrants in a railroad car, Salcedo uses music and poetry to confront the audience with the frequently hidden horrors of life in the borderlands, while the language of film allows Berman to deal with a series of gruesome murders of women workers in Ciudad Juárez that have remained largely unsolved. Salcedo's El viaje de los cantores and Berman's Backyard allow us to walk into a conflicted geographical space – the U.S./Mexican border –recognizing its tragic consequences, denouncing its horrors, and crying out for justice. These works also translate into a stylized discourse tragic experiences that have been mostly documented using the languages of journalism, statistics, economics, law, sociology, and criminology. The article argues that the proliferation of languages and analytical angles to deal with actual human tragedies in an artistic context enables El viaje and Backyard to confront the audience with the twists and turns of political and theatrical communication in all their similarities and contradictions. Ultimately, both writers conceive of artistic communication as a powerful strategy to translate – Salcedo into the language of poetry and music and Berman into the discourse of ethics – the multiple problems experienced by Mexico within its own borders and in its relationship with the United States.
Michelangelo, Leibniz and the Serpentine Figure
Authors: Tuinen Sjoerd van
Published: March 2011

In his lectures from 1987, Deleuze draws an analogy between Michelangelo's figures and Leibnizian substances by claiming that neither are essences but rather sources of modifications or manners of being. The best way to explore this analogy, I argue, is by focusing on Michelangelo's preference for serpentine shapes. By putting key passages from The Logic of Sensation, The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque and What is Philosophy? in resonance with the Leibnizian accounts of corporeal aggregates and possible worlds on the one hand and art history on the other, I will try to develop a Deleuzian concept for the typically Mannerist ideal of the serpentine figure. Although Deleuze usually prefers to speak in musical terms of refrains and counterpoints by which various blocs of sensation resonate with each other, in the visual arts it is the serpentine figure that renders visible sensory becoming as a rhythmic counter-positioning of possible worlds within a single body without organs.
The Sublime Conditions of Contemporary Art
Authors: Zepke Stephen
Published: March 2011

Deleuze's relationship to Kant is intricate and fundamental, given that Deleuze develops his transcendental philosophy of difference in large part out of Kant's work. In doing so he utilises the moment of the sublime from the third Critique as the genetic model for the irruption of the faculties beyond their capture within common sense. In this sense, the sublime offers the model not only for transcendental genesis but also for aesthetic experience unleashed from any conditions of possibility. As a result, sensation in both its wider and more specifically artistic senses (senses that become increasingly entwined in Deleuze's work) will explode the clichés of human perception, and continually reinvent the history of art without recourse to representation. In tracing Deleuze's ‘aesthetics’ from Kant we are therefore returned to the viciously anti-human (and Nietzschean) trajectory of Deleuze's work, while simultaneously being forced to address the extent of its remaining Idealism. Both of these elements play an important part in relation to Deleuze's ‘modernism’, and to the discussion of his possible relevance to contemporary artistic practices.
Deleuze Modernist
Authors: Ieven Bram
Published: March 2011

This article discusses the distinction between Figure and Form that Deleuze introduces in Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation. He uses the distinction to articulate the difference between two trajectories in modernist painting: the first focusing on sensation, the second on cerebral abstraction. I argue that the distinction between Form and Figure – and the disjunction of two types of modernist painting initiated by this distinction – is not as easy to maintain as might appear at first sight. Mapping the lineages of modernist painting from Paul Cézanne to Georges Braque and Theo van Doesburg, the essay argues that the sensuous forces operative in a painting of the Figure are equally at play in the painting of the Form. Modernist painting might therefore be understood as the continuous collapse between Figure and Form, rather than as their strict separation.
Utilizing IHE-based Electronic Health Record Systems for Secondary Use
Authors: Holzer K. , Gall W.
Published: March 2011

Objectives: Due to the increasing adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for primary use, the number of electronic documents stored in such systems will soar in the near future. In order to benefit from this development in secondary fields such as medical research, it is important to define requirements for the secondary use of EHR data. Furthermore, analyses of the extent to which an IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise)-based architecture would fulfill these requirements could provide further information on upcoming obstacles for the secondary use of EHRs.

Methods: A catalog of eight core requirements for secondary use of EHR data was deduced from the published literature, the risk analysis of the IHE profile MPQ (Multi-Patient Queries) and the analysis of relevant questions. The IHE-based architecture for cross-domain, patient-centered document sharing was extended to a cross-patient architecture.

Results: We propose an IHE-based architecture for cross-patient and cross-domain secondary use of EHR data. Evaluation of this architecture concerning the eight core requirements revealed positive fulfillment of six and the partial fulfillment of two requirements.

Conclusions: Although not regarded as a primary goal in modern electronic healthcare, the re-use of existing electronic medical documents in EHRs for research and other fields of secondary application holds enormous potential for the future. Further research in this respect is necessary.
Troubles de l'angoisse de séparation et de l'attachement : un groupe thérapeutique parents-jeunes enfants
Authors: Wendland Jaqueline , Camon-Sénéchal Laurence , Khun-Franck Lyphea , Maronne Cécilia , Rabain Didier , Aidane Élisabeth
Published: March 2011

Résumé L’angoisse de séparation pathologique est le trouble anxieux de l’enfance le plus fréquent. Toutefois, très peu d’études dans ce domaine concernent les bébés et les jeunes enfants, ainsi que son approche thérapeutique. Les réactions de l’enfant à la séparation et aux retrouvailles avec le parent sont naturellement illustratives de la qualité du lien d’attachement parent-enfant. Dans cet article, après avoir décrit l’angoisse de séparation dans ces formes développementale et pathologique ainsi que ses liens avec les troubles de l’attachement chez le jeune enfant, nous présentons le cadre de fonctionnement d’un groupe thérapeutique parents-jeunes enfants. Institué depuis une quinzaine d’années à l’Unité Petite Enfance et Parentalité Vivaldi (Paris), ce groupe est destiné spécifiquement à la prise en charge des troubles de l’angoisse de séparation et de l’attachement. Deux vignettes cliniques illustrent les problématiques qui y sont traitées. Les auteurs soutiennent la nature dyadique et familiale de ces troubles et l’intérêt de leur prise en charge groupale et conjointe parent-enfant. De même, il apparaît que le travail autour de la séparation ne peut se faire que lorsqu’une relation d’attachement fiable et satisfaisante aura pu s’instaurer entre le(s) parent(s) et l’enfant.
Recyclages
Authors: Terrolle Daniel
Published: March 2011

Résumé En s’interrogeant sur la capacité de la ville à gérer le cadavre comme un simple déchet, l’anthropologie soulève de multiples questions qui soulignent les contradictions auxquelles nos sociétés industrielles et urbaines se trouvent confrontées. Parmi celles-ci, le décalage entre les avancées du progrès scientifique et les pratiques et représentations sociales relatives à la mort, n’est pas le moins questionnant.
Du cadavre au défunt
Authors: Mauro Cynthia
Published: March 2011

Résumé Les dérives morbides des siècles de l’anatomie clandestine amènent à la reconsidération du statut anthropologique, juridique et social de la mort et du corps mort. Si le cadavre demeure malgré tout un objet neutre soumis aux lois de la physico-chimie, il se pose comme support de croyances et d’attitudes en relation avec les pulsions de l’inconscient et les idées-force des systèmes socio-culturels. Une interférence entre le registre du réel et de l’imaginaire paraît inévitable.
Une minorité en action : la charité protestante en France, XIXe- XXe siècles
Authors: Gilson Martha
Published: March 2011

Résumé Cet article présente une première approche des formes et des pratiques de la charité protestante. La charité chrétienne est souvent réduite en France à la bienfaisance catholique. Or les protestants, bien que minoritaires, développent une action charitable en France à partir du XIX e siècle. Ces œuvres, reposant sur la volonté « diaconale », participent de l’âge d’or des œuvres confessionnelles au XIX e siècle. Face à la laïcisation de la société, elles mutent, dans leurs formes d’abord, puis dans leurs modes d’action à la suite de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. L’adaptation des pratiques charitables contredit-elle alors une unité de l’action caritative protestante dans le temps ?
L'effacement du corps de l'ouvrier. La santé au travail lors de la première industrialisation de Paris (1770-1840)
Authors: Le Roux Thomas
Published: March 2011

Résumé De la fin du XVIII e au début du XIX e siècle, un grand nombre de secteurs artisanaux et industriels commencent à être bouleversés par l’adoption de procédés innovants, de nouvelles organisations du travail et de rythmes inédits, avec d’importantes conséquences pour la santé des artisans et des ouvriers. Dans les années 1770, le problème des maladies des artisans fait subitement l’objet d’un débat dans les sphères médicales parisiennes, dans les académies, enfin dans l’opinion publique. À partir de 1789 s’opère un revirement spectaculaire : l’absence d’écrits médicaux, la multiplication d’accidents du travail, enfin le durcissement de la réglementation envers les ouvriers aboutissent à l’effacement du corps de l’ouvrier, qui n’est plus qu’un rouage d’une première industrialisation encouragée par les pouvoirs publics. Puis on assiste à un second effacement du corps de l’ouvrier dans les années 1820, théorisé par les hygiénistes du Conseil de salubrité, experts des questions sanitaires à la préfecture de Police, dont l’action vise à faire coexister l’habitat urbain et l’industrie et à accompagner l’industrialisation, quitte à réfuter les souffrances physiques des travailleurs.
Le nouvel esprit de la ville
Authors: Pattaroni Luca
Published: March 2011

Résumé Durant les années 1990, la Ville de Genève connut un des mouvements « squats » les plus importants d’Europe, comparable proportionnellement à ce qui se passait dans des villes comme Berlin ou Amsterdam? 1 . Ce mouvement a puisé ses forces et sa légitimité dans toute une série de « luttes urbaines » débutées dans les années 1970. Aujourd’hui, il ne reste néanmoins quasiment plus de lieux occupés à Genève, ils ont été pour la plupart fermés sur un laps de 10 ans. Qu’en est-il alors des critiques et des espoirs qui ont porté ces luttes ?
La désobéissance civile, une légitime réponse
Authors: Haeringer Nicolas , Ouardi Samira
Published: March 2011

Résumé Depuis quelques années, les pratiques de désobéissance civile semblent avoir gagné en importance. Les collectifs de « désobéissants » ou de « désobéisseurs » sont légion ; les appels à refuser de mettre en œuvre telle directive jugée injuste se multiplient dans des domaines aussi divers que l’éducation, l’indemnisation des chômeurs, et bien entendu, la traque des sans-papiers. Les articles de presse, émissions télé et publications (militants, journalistiques ou scientifiques) sont chaque jour plus nombreux sur ces questions. Pour autant, « désobéissance civile » désigne des pratiques extrêmement diverses, qui vont de l’action directe (« inspections citoyennes » de sites militaires, refus de respecter les cadres légaux de la contestation, etc.) à la résistance passive. Les revendications des militants/activistes sont très largement discutées. Leur rapport au militantisme « classique », qu’ils contribueraient à « renouveler » est également régulièrement commenté et analysé. En revanche la désobéissance civile est beaucoup plus rarement appréhendée comme une pratique critique de la démocratie représentative. L’ouvrage « Pourquoi désobéir en démocratie » entend faire face à cette lacune. Mouvements a donc cherché à le mettre en débat auprès d’activistes et de désobéisseurs.
Quel renouvellement possible de l'articulation entre matérialisme et idéalisme ?
Authors: Heine Sophie
Published: March 2011

Résumé La gauche, que ce soit dans ses branches syndicales, associatives ou politiques, connaît aujourd’hui un déficit de réflexion certain sur la question du changement social. Cette lacune est particulièrement problématique pour des courants qui aspirent à transformer le réel en profondeur. Face aux résistances exprimées par les forces sociales et politiques en faveur du statu quo, tout projet de transformation sociale se doit de penser la possibilité historique du progrès social. On voudrait ici explorer une dimension particulière de la thématique plus large du rapport au changement historique, à savoir, l’opposition séculaire entre positions matérialistes et idéalistes au sein des courants de gauche. Après une remise en perspective de la manière dont cette question s’est historiquement posée et une brève discussion des approches adoptées par les courants de gauche contemporains sur ce thème, on tentera d’ébaucher une articulation renouvelée de ces deux termes.
Diseño de un nuevo capitel para invernaderos multitúnel
Authors: Vázquez J. , Pérez J. , Callejón A. J. , Carreño A.
Published: March 2011

Se presenta un trabajo de investigación que ha tratado de diseñar un nuevo capitel para invernaderos multitúnel, compatible con el procedimiento constructivo de invernadero de cubierta elevable. Se ha empleado el método de los elementos finitos (M.E.F.) para obtener una visión más cercana de las deficiencias estructurales del capitel base, así como para validar las propuestas de mejora establecidas con la definición geométrica del nuevo capitel. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que el desarrollo, material y dimensiones del nuevo capitel solventan las carencias estructurales del capitel base, todo ello conforme a lo establecido en la norma de invernaderos EN 13031-1. Se espera que los resultados presentados sean útiles para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones, así como para la industria de la construcción de invernaderos.
Sistemas de extracción como técnicas constructivas para evitar la entrada de gas radón en las viviendas
Authors: Frutos B. , Olaya M. , Esteban J. L.
Published: March 2011

El riesgo que supone para la salud el habitar en espacios con altos contenidos de gas radón conlleva a realizar actuaciones en los edificios con soluciones constructivas enfocadas a frenar la entrada del gas para reducir así la concentración interior hasta unos niveles aceptables. Dentro de este tipo de soluciones, los sistemas de extracción constituidos por elementos captadores enterrados en el terreno y conectados al exterior mediante tuberías de expulsión, han demostrado poseer una alta efectividad en la reducción del flujo de radón, que proveniente del terreno, penetra en un edificio. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de efectividad de 4 soluciones de extracción ejecutadas en un módulo representativo de una vivienda, construido en un terreno con altas concentraciones de radón. Las efectividades se analizan en función de las localizaciones de los elementos captadores, con situación centrada o perimetral conforme a la planta del módulo, y con distintos tipos de expulsión del gas, por convección natural o por convección forzada. Como conclusión principal cabe destacar la alta efectividad que manifiestan las medidas de extracción con rangos de reducción que oscilan entre un 91% y un 99%, a excepción de la medida que hace uso del elemento captador enterrado por el perímetro exterior del módulo, y que funciona por convección natural, que únicamente consiguió efectividades en el rango de 53% a 58%.
Influencia del deterioro incipiente producido por el hongo de pudrición parda Serpula lacrymans, sobre las propiedades mecánicas de compresión normal y paralela a la fibra en madera de Pinus radiata D. Don
Authors: Ortiz R. , Jamet A. , Herrera P. , Vindigni G. , Pereira A.
Published: March 2011

Diversas edificaciones y estructuras construidas en madera son atacadas por hongos de pudrición, provocando en algunos casos, leves pérdidas de peso que se traducen en disminución en las propiedades resistentes del material.
En este trabajo se evaluó la influencia de estados incipientes de pudrición en madera, en las propiedades mecánicas de compresión paralela y compresión normal.
Para esto, se inocularon probetas de Pinus radiata D. Don. con el hongo de pudrición parda Serpula lacrymans, las cuales fueron posteriormente ensayadas mecánicamente en tres diferentes períodos de exposición fúngica.
Los resultados obtenidos determinaron una importante disminución porcentual de las propiedades bajo estudio.
La cimentación del edificio histórico de la Fábrica de Tabacos de la Universidad de Sevilla
Authors: González García de Velasco C. , González Vílchez M.
Published: March 2011

Una de las principales obras a llevar a cabo en la rehabilitación del edificio de “La Fábrica de Tabacos” de la Universidad de Sevilla, es la ejecución de galerías subterráneas para el tendido de las instalaciones necesarias para sus nuevos usos. Para poder realizar estas galerías se necesita conocer las dimensiones y tipología de las cimentaciones del edificio, lo que nos podría desvelar la posibilidad de existencia de restos arqueológicos en el subsuelo.
El objetivo del presente trabajo persigue, tanto a través del estudio de la historia del edificio como mediante prospecciones, conocer la tipología de sus cimentaciones para determinar las posibilidades físicas de ejecutar dichas galerías, y para deducir de ello la posible existencia de restos arqueológicos que pudieran afectar a las futuras obras a desarrollar por la Universidad de Sevilla.
De todo ello se deduce que el edificio se asienta sobre un terreno antiguamente deprimido, que fue además excavado en toda la extensión de su planta, y cuyos cimientos fueron ejecutados desde la rasante inferior como fábricas aparejadas, rellenándose posteriormente el solar hasta la rasante actual mediante la aportación de tierras.
Relación de Documentos de Idoneidad Técnica Europeo (DITE) concedidos y actualizados en el año 2010
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: March 2011

No disponible
Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Failure in Chronic Pressure Overload
Authors: Simon Marc A. , Pinsky Michael R.
Published: March 2011

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is the main cause of death in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our understanding of the pathophysiology of RV dysfunction is limited but improving. Methods to better diagnose RV dysfunction earlier and treatments specifically designed to minimize or reverse the remodeling process are likely to improve outcomes. We review the current understanding of RV dysfunction in chronic pressure overload and introduce some novel insights based on recent investigations into pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Pseudohyperkalemia in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Rifkin Stephen I.
Published: March 2011

Pseudohyperkalemia occurs occasionally in patients with extreme leukocytosis. Increased white blood cell fragility coupled with mechanical stress is felt to be causal. Serum and plasma potassium levels have been both associated with pseudohyperkalemia. Whole blood potassium determination will usually verify the correct diagnosis. It is important to diagnose this condition early so that patients are not inappropriately treated. Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and extreme leukocytosis are presented, one with pseudohyperkalemia and one with probable pseudohyperkalemia, and diagnostic considerations are discussed
Diets Enriched in Fish-Oil or Seal-Oil have Distinct Effects on Lipid Levels and Peroxidation in BioF1B Hamsters
Authors: Dubey Pratibha , Jayasooriya Anura P. , CheemaΨ Sukhinder K.
Published: March 2011

Aim

Fish-oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are mostly esterified to the sn-2 position of triglycerides, while in seal-oil triglycerides, these are mostly esterified to the sn-1 and −3 positions. We investigated whether fish-oil and seal-oil feeding has a different effect on the regulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in BioF1B hamsters.

Methods

BioF1B hamsters were fed high fat diets rich in fish-oil or seal-oil for 4 weeks, and fasted for 14 hours prior to blood and tissue collection.

Results

Plasma and hepatic lipids and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly lower in seal-oil-fed hamsters as compared to those fed fish-oil. There was a selective hindrance of clearance of lipids in fish-oil-fed hamsters as reflected by higher levels of plasma apoB48.

Conclusion

Differences in the fatty acid composition and positional distribution of n-3 PUFAs in triglycerides of fish-oil and seal-oil are suggested to trigger metabolic differences.
An Evaluation of the Use of Self-Assessment for the Provision of Community Equipment and Adaptations in English Local Authorities
Authors: Tucker Sue , Brand Christian , O'Shea Susan , Abendstern Michele , Clarkson Paul , Hughes Jane , Wenborn Jennifer , Challis David
Published: March 2011

Introduction:

The Government plans to transform adult social care in England. Future services will place more emphasis on prevention and enablement, and promoting personalisation and choice. Self-assessment is one possible facilitator of this agenda. However, little is known about its utility in social care. This evaluation examined how eight local authorities employed self-assessment in the provision of community equipment and adaptations, and explored the implications for service delivery.

Method:

A multiple case study was employed, using a mixed methods approach. This drew on internal documents, management interviews, and service user and administrative records.

Findings:

Self-assessment was primarily used to facilitate service access. Although the authorities differed in the way in which they operationalised self-assessment, professional staff were almost always involved. The differences between people receiving self and traditional assessments were modest, but the people undertaking self-assessments in preventative services formed a particularly healthy subgroup. There was little consensus about the items suitable for provision through self-assessment.

Conclusion:

The concept of self-assessment was variously interpreted and not all its possible uses were explored. Nevertheless, the evaluation suggested that self-assessment can facilitate access to community equipment and adaptations and has the potential to extend the population traditionally served by social care services, thereby addressing the preventative agenda.
Is it Time for a Mental Health Pathway in Undergraduate Programmes?
Authors: Bannigan Katrina , Lewis Patsy , Laver-Fawcett Alison , Wolverson Caroline , Long Cathy , Cadman Diane , Cotterill Diane
Published: March 2011

As a group of occupational therapists working in mental health practice, education and research, we have concerns about the development and honing of occupational therapists' knowledge and skills for modern mental health practice. There are always competing priorities in occupational therapy curricula, but recent mental health policy and legislative developments prompted us to question whether the profession should radically reorganise the delivery of occupational therapy education in the United Kingdom. We recommend a wide debate about occupational therapy education and an exploration of different models of curriculum design. This opinion piece is a contribution to this debate.
Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to European ecosystems: a comparison of inferential models across the NitroEurope network
Authors: Flechard C. R. , Nemitz E. , Smith R. I. , Fowler D. , Vermeulen A. T. , Bleeker A. , Erisman J. W. , Simpson D. , Zhang L. , Tang Y. S. , Sutton M. A.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. Inferential models have long been used to determine pollutant dry deposition to ecosystems from measurements of air concentrations and as part of national and regional atmospheric chemistry and transport models, and yet models still suffer very large uncertainties. An inferential network of 55 sites throughout Europe for atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) was established in 2007, providing ambient concentrations of gaseous NH3, NO2, HNO3 and HONO and aerosol NH4+ and NO3− as part of the NitroEurope Integrated Project. Network results providing modelled inorganic Nr dry deposition to the 55 monitoring sites are presented, using four existing dry deposition routines, revealing inter-model differences and providing ensemble average deposition estimates. Dry deposition is generally largest over forests in regions with large ambient NH3 concentrations, exceeding 30–40 kg N ha−1 yr−1 over parts of the Netherlands and Belgium, while some remote forests in Scandinavia receive less than 2 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Turbulent Nr deposition to short vegetation ecosystems is generally smaller than to forests due to reduced turbulent exchange, but also because NH3 inputs to fertilised, agricultural systems are limited by the presence of a substantial NH3 source in the vegetation, leading to periods of emission as well as deposition. Differences between models reach a factor 2–3 and are often greater than differences between monitoring sites. For soluble Nr gases such as NH3 and HNO3, the non-stomatal pathways are responsible for most of the annual uptake over many surfaces, especially the non-agricultural land uses, but parameterisations of the sink strength vary considerably among models. For aerosol NH4+ and NO3− discrepancies between theoretical models and field flux measurements lead to much uncertainty in dry deposition rates for fine particles (0.1–0.5 μm). The validation of inferential models at the ecosystem scale is best achieved by comparison with direct long-term micrometeorological Nr flux measurements, but too few such datasets are available, especially for HNO3 and aerosol NH4+ and NO3−.