bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The island hoppers: how foraging influences green turtle Chelonia mydas abundance over space and time in the Lakshadweep Archipelago, India
Authors: Kale N , Manoharakrishnan M , Bharti DK , Poti M , Shanker K
Published: February 2022

Adult green turtles are known to display either preference in their foraging habits or fidelity to their foraging sites which, in turn, influences their migrations and the availability of forage. With an abundant supply of seagrass and algae, the lagoons of the Lakshadweep Archipelago off the Indian west coast serve as significant feeding grounds for green turtles. In the last 2 decades, the numbers of foraging green turtles have varied across islands, leading to speculation about their foraging patterns and movements. We collated secondary data and conducted periodic surveys between 2013 and 2019 to record trends in green turtle abundance and seagrass characteristics and investigate relationships between them. Over the last decade, green turtle abundances have fluctuated widely with increases followed by sharp declines within different lagoons. Our results also show that a reduction in seagrass density, particularly Thalassia sp. and Cymodocea sp., coincided with the decline in green turtle abundance. Moreover, turtle presence was observed at sites with higher seagrass density and canopy height. Our findings indicate that green turtles appeared to forage in particular lagoons until their preferred resources declined, before moving to other islands within the Archipelago or other unknown locations. Therefore, to devise effective management strategies, it is crucial to understand how this green turtle population will adapt to the decline in foraging resources. The declining seagrass populations also suggest the need for an ecosystem approach towards green turtle conservation.
Fantázia az oktatás gazdaságtanában
Authors: Horváth Szilárd
Published: February 2022

In the field of competences measured by PISA surveys, Hungarian students are lagging behind OECD countries. The recent reforms have not yet shown their expected impact. Professionals and laymen usually explain the disappointing results by the fact that education is an underfunded sector. The study depicts what would happen if we doubled the current amount so that the funding of Hungarian education could well exceed the OECD average. It is an eternal question whether all that count is money. Because in our imaginary scenario, in a short period of time modern, clean, new buildings would replace the old, sometimes musty school buildings; we would find the latest multicore computers instead of the 10+ years old IT systems; and the traditional chalk boards would be replaced by interactive boards. The fact that there is a negative relationship between school computer usage and student performance improvements has already been demonstrated in the 2009 PISA study. However, the key to education is the pedagogue. Without training the right professionals, without their appreciation or motivation, the additional expenditures invested in education are meaningless.
A corpus separatum elszakadása a Magyar Királyságtól: Fiume 1918. november 4.
Authors: Hamerli Petra
Published: February 2022

After the Great War, in autumn 1918 the nationalities of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy proclaimed their independence. Croatia, which formed a personal union with the Hungarian Kingdom for centuries, was recognized to be an independent state by the Hungarian Government. The Croatian Committee formed in London in 1915 expressed its willing to be part of a federalist South-Slavic state. In this way Hungary lost its only one port, the city of Fiume, as territorically it was part of the Istria. Nevertheless, it was not obvious that Croatia could keep Fiume – Rijeka –, as the Italian National Council of the city formed on 30 October 1918 proclaimed its belonging to Italy through a petition written on 4 November 1918 to the prime minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, as the majority of the Fiumean citizens were Italians. This petition made Italy to claim Fiume on the Paris Peace Conference held in 1919, although it was not judged or promised to the Italians in the secret Treaty of London of 1915 that made Italy to enter into the war. The question of Fiume caused serious conflict among Italy and Yugoslavia, and – as the Peace Conference gave the city to the Yugoslavian Kingdom – in autumn 1919 the Italian poet Gabriele D’Annunzio decided to annex Fiume and create a city state. In my paper I will present, through the case of Fiume, what consequences an only day – in this case the 4 November 1918 – can have in history.
Thoughts on Uncertainty
Authors: Keane John
Published: February 2022

There is growing agreement among scholars and citizens that our planet and its peoples are presently living through an era of great political uncertainty. Global pestilence, species destruction, shrinking US power and the birth of a new Chinese global empire are among the forces said to be responsible for the rising tides of uncertainty. Some observers even speak of a great leap backwards, a regression towards catastrophe, a rebirth of the disquiet and fear that marked the world of the 1920s and 1930s. They are sure that the future will bring only threats, rather than new opportunities to live well. This essay notes the seriousness of things, but it raises doubts about these pessimistic claims of a new age of uncertainty. Historical comparisons are needed. So is greater clarity about the role played by communicative abundance in inflating our collective sense of doom. And a paradox is noted: calamities do more than stir up questions about how best to classify and measure the experience of uncertainty. Definitions of uncertainty also become uncertain. This should be unsurprising. Only institutions and everyday experiences unaffected by the flow of time could be defined and lived with any certainty. The insight not only has rich implications for the way we think about politics and democracy and its vulnerability to morbid backlashes and yearnings for demagogues. Doubt can generate fresh ideas and positive practical breakthroughs. Disquiet and incertitude are fickle characters, but they are also challengers of all forms of human arrogance, including the dogmatic conviction that our world is now headed for hell.
Penyuluhan Pembuatan Jamu Kunyit Asam Dan Jamu Empon-Empon Dalam Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh Masyarakat Di Daerah Puskesmas Tiban Baru
Authors: Mayefis Delladari , Sammulia Suci Fitriani , Widiastuti Siska , Meileni Dwi Puspa
Published: February 2022

Immunity is the main choice for people to protect themselves from the Covid-19 pandemic which has caused the Indonesian people to experience a decline in health. To increase the body’s immunity one of them is using traditional medicine (herbal). The use of herbal medicine is an Indonesian ancestral heritage that is obtained empirically and from generation to generation. Herbal medicine is a nutritious and safe drink to increase the body’s immunity during the covid-19 pandemic. The method used is counseling to the community and making herbal medicine in the new tiban health center area in increasing body immunity.
Upaya Penanaman, Pemanfaatan Serta Pembuatan Jamu Godok Dari Tanaman Obat Sambiloto Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Palir Kecamatan Tengahtani Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Rizikiyan Yayan , Indriaty Sulistiorini , Firmansyah Deni , Fajriyah Inayatul
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 that has hit the world has encouraged people to boost their immune systems. STF Muhammadiyah through Community Service (PkM) activities with community members, village officials in Palir Village, Tengahtani District, Cirebon Regency are directly involved in conducting outreach activities, planting, utilizing, and making herbal medicine from the bitter godok plant. The activity was carried out at the Palir village hall with 36 socialization participants. Before and after the socialization activities, residents filled out questionnaires on how to plant and use bitter plants. This activity was carried out using the presentation method, playing videos on how to make simplicia and making herbal medicine, question and answer discussions, pasting and distributing brochures at residents' homes and the meeting hall, and distributing bitter plant seeds to the community. The community did not know how to plant and use bitter plants before the PKM activities were carried out but after the socialization activities, there was an increase in the percentage of residents' knowledge about planting and using bitter plants. Score 3 there was a significant increase before and after PKM activities, from 11.11% to 56.48%. So that with this PKM activity, the community will increase their awareness and knowledge about the benefits, how to plant, processing bitter to improve the level of public health.
Edukasi Pentingnya Asi Eksklusif Pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan Anak
Authors: Sari Intan , Sapitri Ana , Septiana Maria
Published: February 2022

From an early age children's growth and development requires attention to get a great opportunity so that the growth and development process can take place properly. Parents need to get knowledge about the golden age period and what needs to be prepared in dealing with this period, so that in order to reduce child morbidity and mortality, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommend that children should only be given water. Mother's milk (ASI) for at least six months. Solid food should be given after the child is 6 months old, and breastfeeding is continued until the child is two years old. The purpose of this activity is to educate parents, especially mothers, to give exclusive breastfeeding to their children, especially in the work area of the Sukajadi Public Health Center, Prabumulih City. . The method used in this activity is lectures, discussions and training on breastfeeding activities correctly, this community service activity was carried out at the Sukajadi Health Center, Prabumulih City from November 01st-06th , 2021, it went smoothly and got a good response and enthusiastic community. Each participant is given a message about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding.
FORMULASI HARD CANDY DARI SARI BUAH JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolio), MADU (Mell depuratum) DAN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN SIRUP GLUKOSA
Authors: Yulia Mega , Azra Fadhilla Putri , Ranova Riki
Published: February 2022

Lime is a fruit that is widely used by people for treatment cough. For efficiency use of lime, it can processing to product that easier for using such as hard candy. This study aims to determine the results of physical tests and panelists preference for hard candies made from lime juice, honey and cinnamon. The method used is an experimental method by combining lime juice, honey, cinnamon and varying glucose syrup as a candy forming ingredient. Physical evaluation of each formula which includes analysis of water content and ash content, also hedonic test of 3 formulas to 100 panelists. The results of the physical evaluation carried out on the 3 formulas showed that all formulas met the quality requirements of SNI 3547.1:2008 hard candy for water content and ash content, also the results of the hedonic test using non parametric SPSS showed that there was a significant effect on taste and texture where formula III was the most preferred by panelist.
TREN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIKA LINI 3 DI RS X BEKASI PERIODE TRIWULAN I TAHUN 2020 DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN TRIWULAN IV TAHUN 2019
Authors: Hasanah Kurniatul
Published: February 2022

Antibiotics are the most widely used drugs in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. Resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors, drug interactions and side effects and cost factors are needed to be considered in their use. The use of antibiotics needs to be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The study was conducted to determine and evaluate the use of line 3 antibiotics quantitatively in the X Bekasi Hospital in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. It was descriptive study with retrospective data collection using total sampling technique. There are 13 types of antibiotics that are included in the line 3 antibiotics used at X Bekasi Hospital. The percentage of use of line 3 antibiotics in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 increased by 26.9% for the use of amikacin 250 mg injection but decreased by 100% for the use of amikacin 500 mg injection, increased by 17.8% for the use of meropenem 0.5 g injection but decreased by 16.1% for the use of meropenem 1 g injection, decreased by 100% for the use of imipenem-cilastatin injection, linezolid 600 mg injection and vancomycin 500 mg injection, decreased by 212.5%, 53.6%, 41.2% and 69.2% each for the use of doripenem 500 mg injection, decreased, ceftazidime 1 g injection, cefepime 1 g injection and piperacillin tazobactam injection, and increased 75% for the use of tigecycline 50 mg injection. The use of line 3 antibiotics in X Bekasi Hospital was very large and varied in the fourth quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2020. A very significant amount was seen in the use of imipenem-cilastatin injection, linezolid 600 mg injection and vancomycin 500 mg injection.
Round Cells in Diagnostic Semen Analysis: A Guide for Laboratories and Clinicians
Authors: Long S. , Kenworthy S.
Published: February 2022

Round cells in seminal fluid are defined as either leucocytes or immature germ cells. Laboratories undertaking semen analysis often report these combined as a concentration, with no further review, comment or direction for clinician action or review. Although numerous publications discuss the possible clinical relevance of these cells (particularly leucocytes) in infertility, the methods employed to differentiate them are often beyond the scope of most diagnostic laboratories. This paper aims to support healthcare scientists in understanding the clinical significance of round cells and aid their identification, differentiation and interpretation. This will support the quality of care the patient receives and direct clinicians to further considerations that may be appropriate for their patient and should consequently reduce indiscriminate and unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Gravity-Vector Induces Mechanical Remodeling of rMSCs via Combined Substrate Stiffness and Orientation
Authors: Zhang Chen , Lü Dongyuan , Zhang Fan , Wu Yi , Zheng Lu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Zhan , Sun Shujin , Long Mian
Published: February 2022

Distinct physical factors originating from the cellular microenvironment are crucial to the biological homeostasis of stem cells. While substrate stiffness and orientation are known to regulate the mechanical remodeling and fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) separately, it remains unclear how the two factors are combined to manipulate their mechanical stability under gravity vector. Here we quantified these combined effects by placing rat MSCs onto stiffness-varied poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates in upward (180°), downward (0°), or edge-on (90°) orientation. Compared with those values onto glass coverslip, the nuclear longitudinal translocation, due to the density difference between the nucleus and the cytosol, was found to be lower at 0° for 24 h and higher at 90° for 24 and 72 h onto 2.5 MPa PDMS substrate. At 0°, the cell was mechanically supported by remarkably reduced actin and dramatically enhanced vimentin expression. At 90°, both enhanced actin and vimentin expression worked cooperatively to maintain cell stability. Specifically, perinuclear actin stress fibers with a large number, low anisotropy, and visible perinuclear vimentin cords were formed onto 2.5 MPa PDMS at 90° for 72 h, supporting the orientation difference in nuclear translocation and global cytoskeleton expression. This orientation dependence tended to disappear onto softer PDMS, presenting distinctive features in nuclear translocation and cytoskeletal structures. Moreover, cellular morphology and focal adhesion were mainly affected by substrate stiffness, yielding a time course of increased spreading area at 24 h but decreased area at 72 h with a decrease of stiffness. Mechanistically, the cell tended to be stabilized onto these PDMS substrates via β1 integrin–focal adhesion complexes–actin mechanosensitive axis. These results provided an insight in understanding the combination of substrate stiffness and orientation in defining the mechanical stability of rMSCs.
No Solid Colloidal Carriers: Aspects Thermodynamic the Immobilization Chitinase and Laminarinase in Liposome
Authors: Alonso-Estrada Dania , Ochoa-Viñals Nayra , Pacios-Michelena Sandra , Ramos-González Rodolfo , Núñez-Caraballo Arianna , Michelena Álvarez Lourdes Georgina , Martínez-Hernández José Luis , Neira-Vielma Alberto Antonio , Ilyina Anna
Published: February 2022

The present review describes the basic properties of colloidal and vesicular vehicles that can be used for immobilization of enzymes. The thermodynamic aspects of the immobilization of enzymes (laminarinase and chitinase) in liposomes are discussed. These systems protect enzymes against environmental stress and allow for a controlled and targeted release. The diversity of colloidal and vesicular carriers allows the use of enzymes for different purposes, such as mycolytic enzymes used to control phytopathogenic fungi.
Type-I Interferon Signaling in Fanconi Anemia
Authors: Landelouci Karima , Sinha Shruti , Pépin Geneviève
Published: February 2022

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genome instability syndrome caused by mutations in one of the 23 repair genes of the Fanconi pathway. This heterogenous disease is usually characterized by congenital abnormalities, premature ageing and bone marrow failure. FA patients also show a high predisposition to hematological and solid cancers. The Fanconi pathway ensures the repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) DNA damage. Defect in one of its proteins prevents functional DNA repair, leading to the accumulation of DNA breaks and genome instability. Accumulating evidence has documented a close relationship between genome instability and inflammation, including the production of type-I Interferon. In this context, type-I Interferon is produced upon activation of pattern recognition receptors by nucleic acids including by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) that detects DNA. In mouse models of diseases displaying genome instability, type-I Interferon response is responsible for an important part of the pathological symptoms, including premature aging, short stature, and neurodegeneration. This is illustrated in mouse models of Ataxia-telangiectasia and Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome in which genetic depletion of either Interferon Receptor IFNAR, cGAS or STING relieves pathological symptoms. FA is also a genetic instability syndrome with symptoms such as premature aging and predisposition to cancer. In this review we will focus on the different molecular mechanisms potentially leading to type-I Interferon activation. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms engaging type-I Interferon signaling in FA may ultimately lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to rescue the pathological inflammation and premature aging associated with Fanconi Anemia.
SMART Subsea Cables for Observing the Earth and Ocean, Mitigating Environmental Hazards, and Supporting the Blue Economy
Authors: Howe Bruce M. , Angove Michael , Aucan Jérome , Barnes Christopher R. , Barros José S. , Bayliff Nigel , Becker Nathan C. , Carrilho Fernando , Fouch Matthew J. , Fry Bill , Jamelot Anthony , Janiszewski Helen , Kong Laura S. L. , Lentz Stephen , Luther Douglas S. , Marinaro Giuditta , Matias Luís Manuel , Rowe Charlotte A. , Sakya Andi E. , Salaree Amir , Thiele Torsten , Tilmann Frederik J. , von Hillebrandt-Andrade Christa , Wallace Laura , Weinstein Stuart , Wilcock William
Published: February 2022

The Joint Task Force, Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (JTF SMART) Subsea Cables, is working to integrate environmental sensors for ocean bottom temperature, pressure, and seismic acceleration into submarine telecommunications cables. The purpose of SMART Cables is to support climate and ocean observation, sea level monitoring, observations of Earth structure, and tsunami and earthquake early warning and disaster risk reduction, including hazard quantification. Recent advances include regional SMART pilot systems that are the first steps to trans-ocean and global implementation. Examples of pilots include: InSEA wet demonstration project off Sicily at the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory Western Ionian Facility; New Caledonia and Vanuatu; French Polynesia Natitua South system connecting Tahiti to Tubaui to the south; Indonesia starting with short pilot systems working toward systems for the Sumatra-Java megathrust zone; and the CAM-2 ring system connecting Lisbon, Azores, and Madeira. This paper describes observing system simulations for these and other regions. Funding reflects a blend of government, development bank, philanthropic foundation, and commercial contributions. In addition to notable scientific and societal benefits, the telecommunications enterprise’s mission of global connectivity will benefit directly, as environmental awareness improves both the integrity of individual cable systems as well as the resilience of the overall global communications network. SMART cables support the outcomes of a predicted, safe, and transparent ocean as envisioned by the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the Blue Economy. As a continuation of the OceanObs’19 conference and community white paper (Howe et al., 2019, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00424), an overview of the SMART programme and a description of the status of ongoing projects are given.
Examining the Reciprocity in Dyadic Teacher-Child Relationships: One-With-Many Multilevel Design
Authors: Gregoriadis Athanasios , Vatou Anastasia , Tsigilis Nikolaos , Grammatikopoulos Vasilis
Published: February 2022

Recent literature has shown the reciprocal influences of teacher-student relationships for both teachers and students in primary school. When it comes to early childhood education, very few studies have examined the level and the nature of agreement between teachers’ and students’ perceptions for their dyadic relationships. Using the one-with-many model (OWM), a dyadic analysis approach, the present study aims to examine the degree of agreement between teachers’ and students’ perceptions about their dyadic relations. The Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) and the Child Appraisal of the Relationship with the Teacher Scale (CARTS) are used to assess the quality of teacher–student dyadic relationships from teachers’ and students’ perceptions, respectively. The dyadic sample (N = 1,345 teacher-student dyads) is recruited from 168 preschool classrooms in Greece. Results of the OWM analysis showed that teachers and students evaluated their dyadic relationship quality in a different way and there is no reciprocity in their views. Implications of the study’s results are also discussed.
A Reduced-Order RNN Model for Solving Lyapunov Equation Based on Efficient Vectorization Method
Authors: Chen Zhiying , Du Zhaobin , Li Feng , Xia Chengjun
Published: February 2022

With the trend of electronization of the power system, a traditional serial numerical algorithm is more and more difficult to adapt to the demand of real-time analysis of the power system. As one of the important calculating tasks in power systems, the online solution of Lyapunov equations has attracted much attention. A recursive neural network (RNN) is more promising to become the online solver of the Lyapunov equation due to its hardware implementation capability and parallel distribution characteristics. In order to improve the performance of the traditional RNN, in this study, we have designed an efficient vectorization method and proposed a reduced-order RNN model to replace the original one. First, a new vectorization method is proposed based on the special structure of vectorized matrix, which is more efficient than the traditional Kronecker product method. Second, aiming at the expanding effect of vectorization on the problem scale, a reduced-order RNN model based on symmetry to reduce the solution scale of RNN is proposed. With regard to the accuracy and robustness, it is proved theoretically that the proposed model can maintain the same solution as that of the original model and also proved that the proposed model is suitable for the Zhang neural network (ZNN) model and the gradient neural network (GNN) model under linear or non-linear activation functions. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by simulation examples, three of which are standard examples of power systems.
A Nonsense Variant of ZNF462 Gene Associated With Weiss–Kruszka Syndrome–Like Manifestations: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Shaozhi , Miao Chen , Wang Xiaolei , Lu Yitong , Liu Hongwei , Zhang Xinwen
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics and genetic basis of a patient with unilateral ptosis and unilateral hearing impairment in pedigree analysis.

Methods: The clinical data of the child and his father were collected. The genomic DNA of the patient and his relatives were extracted from their peripheral blood samples and subjected to trio-whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) and copy number variation analysis. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the potential variant.

Results: The sequencing analysis identified a heterozygous nonsense variant c.6431C > A (p.Ser2144*) in the ZNF462 gene (NM_021224.6) in the child and his father, whereas the locus in his asymptomatic mother, brother, and grandparents was found to be the wild type, which is an autosomal dominant inheritance. The new genetic variant has not been previously reported in the ClinVar and HGMD databases and the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD).

Conclusion: This is the first incidence of Weiss–Kruszka syndrome relating to the nonsense variant in the ZNF462 gene in China. The finding from this study is novel in its expansion of the variant spectrum of the ZNF462 gene and clarifies the genetic etiology of the patient and his father.
SUMOylation of Translationally Regulated Tumor Protein Modulates Its Immune Function
Authors: Lu Chenchen , Li Zhiqing , Zhang Wenchang , Guo Hao , Lan Weiqun , Shen Guanwang , Xia Qingyou , Zhao Ping
Published: February 2022

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein possessing numerous biological functions and molecular interactions, ranging from cell growth to immune responses. However, the molecular mechanism by which TCTP regulates immune function is largely unknown. Here, we found that knockdown of Bombyx mori translationally controlled tumor protein (BmTCTP) led to the increased susceptibility of silkworm cells to virus infection, whereas overexpression of BmTCTP significantly decreased the virus replication. We further demonstrated that BmTCTP could be modified by SUMOylation molecular BmSMT3 at the lysine 164 via the conjugating enzyme BmUBC9, and the stable SUMOylation of BmTCTP by expressing BmTCTP-BmSMT3 fusion protein exhibited strong antiviral activity, which confirmed that the SUMOylation of BmTCTP would contribute to its immune responses. Further work indicated that BmTCTP is able to physically interact with interleukin enhancer binding factor (ILF), one immune molecular, involved in antivirus, and also induce the expression of BmILF in response to virus infection, which in turn enhanced antiviral activity of BmTCTP. Altogether, our present study has provided a novel insight into defending against virus via BmTCTP SUMOylation signaling pathway and interacting with key immune molecular in silkworm.
Case Report: Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma With Medullary Phenotype and SMARCB1/INI1 Deficiency, Broadening the Spectrum of Medullary Carcinoma
Authors: Valeri Marina , Cieri Miriam , Elefante Grazia Maria , De Carlo Camilla , Rudini Noemi , Lughezzani Giovanni , Buffi Nicolò Maria , Terracciano Luigi Maria , Colombo Piergiuseppe
Published: February 2022

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare entity with poor prognosis bearing inactivating genomic alterations in SMARCB1/INI1 resulting in the loss of expression of INI1 and occurring in young patients with sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease. Recently, rare examples with histological characteristics of RMC have been described in older patients without hemoglobinopathies and provisionally termed “Renal cell carcinoma unclassified with medullary phenotype” (RCCU-MP). Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) can detect alterations in SMARCB1/INI1 consisting mostly in inactivating translocation of one allele and deletion of the second. To date, only seven further cases of RCCU-MP have been described in the literature. Here we report the second Italian case of RCCU-MP, a 62-year-old man presenting with persistent dull back pain and incidentally discovering a 13 cm mass in the right kidney. The nomenclature of this entity is still debated and might be updated as a variant of medullary carcinoma in the upcoming WHO classification. In the meantime, we encourage awareness of these extraordinarily rare neoplasms with poor outcomes.
Listeria monocytogenes Invasion Into Sheep Kidney Epithelial Cells Depends on InlB, and Invasion Efficiency Is Modulated by Phylogenetically Defined InlB Isoforms
Authors: Chalenko Yaroslava , Kolbasova Olga , Pivova Elena , Abdulkadieva Mariam , Povolyaeva Olga , Kalinin Egor , Kolbasov Denis , Ermolaeva Svetlana
Published: February 2022

The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is of major veterinary importance in small ruminants. Nevertheless, details of L. monocytogenes interactions with cells of small ruminants are not fully established. To study the potential of L. monocytogenes to infect sheep cells, we used the finite sheep kidney cell line (shKEC), which was infected with the wild-type L. monocytogenes strain EGDe. The invasion efficiency was 0.015 ± 0.004%. The invasion factor InlB was critically important for invasion, and inlB gene deletion almost prevented L. monocytogenes invasion into shKEC cells. Comparison of the potential of phylogenetically defined InlB isoforms to restore the invasive phenotype of the EGDeΔinlB strain demonstrated that although all InlB isoforms restored invasion of the EGDeΔinlB strain into shKEC cells, the InlB isoforms typical of highly virulent ruminant strains of the clonal complexes CC1 and CC7 were more efficient than isoforms typical of CC2 and CC9 strains (which are less virulent toward ruminants) in supporting invasion. Listeria monocytogenes effectively multiplied with a doubling of time in about 90 min after they entered the sheep cells. Intracellular bacteria moved using the well-known actin polymerization mechanism. Cell-to-cell spreading was restricted to the infection of a few tens of neighboring cells for 7 days. Overall, the obtained results demonstrated that (i) InlB is required for invasion into sheep cells, (ii) InlB isoforms might be important for hypervirulence of certain clonal groups toward ruminants, and (iii) L. monocytogenes effectively multiplies in ovine cells once entered.
The Serious Challenge of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China
Authors: Xia Renxiang , Peng Jing , He Jian , Jiang Ping , Yuan Chunyan , Liu Xiaoli , Yao Yunqing
Published: February 2022

Background

It is unknown how many people in China have chronic occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) [chronic HBV infection with negative serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (N-HBsAg)]. Their clinical and virological characteristics, especially the correlation between the OBI and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are still elusive and need to be investigated, including prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Methods

138 patients with HCC related to OBI were screened from 698 patients of HCC associated with HBV infection, their characteristics of epidemiology, clinical, biochemistry, virology, diagnostics, and therapeutics were analyzed retrospectively. Furthermore, the correlation between virological features and clinical features was investigated.

Results

It was found that 19.8% (138/698) of patients with HBV-related HCC were OBI, of which 79.7% (110/138) were men, and 20.3% (28/138) were women. Most of the patients with OBI-related HCC were older men, and the median age was 63.2 years. In total 78.3% (108/138) of the patients had apparent right upper abdomen discomfort and/or pain and then sought medical examination, while 21.7% (30/138) of the patients were identified by health examination. A total of 10.9% (15/138) of the patients were admitted with chronic infection of HBV, and 2.2% (3/138) of the patients were admitted with a family history of hepatitis B. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum-positive rate was 39.1% (54/138). Tumor lesions >5.0 cm, with intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic metastasis, were found in 72.5% (100/138) of the patients. The diameter of the tumor in the Group of hepatitis B core antibody-positive [HBcAb(+)] and hepatitis B surface antibody-positive [HBsAb(+)] was 7.03 ± 3.76 cm, which was much smaller than 8.79 ± 4.96 cm in the Group of HBcAb(+) and HBsAb(−) (P = 0.035).

Conclusion

It is estimated that at least 21 million OBI patients live in China. HBcAb(+) was not only the evidence of chronic HBV infection but also a dangerous mark for surface antigen-negative patients. A semi-annual or annual medical checkup is essential for all OBI patients to identify HCC as early as possible. The hypothesis underlying our analysis was that hepatitis B surface antibody would prevent the progress of HCC and facilitate the clearance of HBV in patients with OBI. Thereby, the hepatitis B vaccine could be used to prevent severe disease consequences.
Validation of the Chinese Version of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy
Authors: Wu Yuanxia , Huang Kailing , Wen Shirui , Xiao Bo , Feng Li
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study was carried out to test the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE), with aim to better understand the public stigmatizing attitudes of epilepsy in China and help elucidate stigma determinants for interventions.

Methods

The SSE was translated into Simplified Chinese Mandarin. In this study, most of the participants were enrolled via convenience sampling by randomly distributing questionnaires on the streets and parts of the participants were recruited by an online platform named Wenjuanxing. We assessed the psychometric properties of the SSE in 310 Chinese native-speaker. Cronbach's alpha was tested for reliability. Index of Content Validity (CVI) was calculated. Exploratory and confirmatory analysis were used to explore the factor structure and verify the validity of SSE.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha is 0.936 for the overall scale, and the CVI value is greater than 0.78. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted SSE six factors: the fear of seizure attacks (factor 1), sympathy for patients with epilepsy (PWEs) (factor 2); difficulties faced by PWEs (factor 3); speculation on PWEs' feeling (factor 4); discrimination against PWEs (factor 5); and knowledge about epilepsy (factor 6). The item 13 was proven to be problematic and has been eliminated. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) ensured the great construct validity (χ2/SD = 1.725, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.916, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.048), convergent validity (the factor loads of each item corresponding to each latent variable >0.6, average variance extracted (AVE) > 0.5, and composite reliability (CR) > 0.7), and discrimination validity (all of the absolute value of correlation coefficient are <0.5,and less than the square root of AVE) of the SSE.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the SSE scale was a valid and reliable tool to measure epilepsy-associated stigma in the Chinese society.
Safety and Long-Term Efficacy Outcomes for Endovascular Treatment of Wide-Neck Bifurcation Aneurysms of the Middle Cerebral Artery: Insights From the SMART Registry
Authors: De Leacy Reade , Bageac Devin V. , Siddiqui Neha , Bellon Richard J. , Park Min S. , Schirmer Clemens M. , Woodward Keith B. , Zaidat Osama O. , Spiotta Alejandro M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Wide-necked middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms pose specific challenges to endovascular management. Surgical clipping remains the standard treatment approach for these aneurysms in many centers. While recent data suggests the endovascular treatment may be comparable, a prospective datapoint has been lacking.

Materials and Methods

The Penumbra SMART registry, a prospective, multi-center, single-arm outcomes registry of Penumbra coil-treated aneurysms, was queried for endovascularly treated MCA bifurcation aneurysms with wide necks (dome:neck ratio <2 or neck >4 mm). Safety and efficacy outcomes were summarized for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms, including rupture, complication rate, and 1-year occlusion outcomes.

Results

Seventy-two aneurysms across 31 sites were enrolled. Of these, a total of 15 presented as ruptured aneurysms. Serious adverse events were reported in 21 (29.2%) of patients, with 8 (11.1%) attributed to the device/procedure. Immediately postoperatively, 75.0% of cases achieved “adequate” Raymond Roy Class I (40.3%) or II (34.7%) occlusion outcomes. Of the 72 patients treated, 60 (83.3%) underwent follow-up angiography at 1 year, and among these, 95.0% had 1-year occlusion outcomes of Raymond Roy Class I (71.7%) or II (23.3%). A total of 6 aneurysms (10.0%) were required or were planned for retreatment at the last follow-up.

Conclusion

This study represents the most significant prospective sample of endovascularly treated wide-neck MCA bifurcation aneurysms conducted to date. It supports the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of these aneurysms.
Correlation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET Scan and Octreotide Treatment in Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Roden Anja C. , Rakshit Sagar , Johnson Geoffrey B. , Jenkins Sarah M. , Mansfield Aaron S.
Published: February 2022

Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) has been shown to be expressed in a subset of neuroendocrine tumors and carcinomas and plays a role in imaging studies and guiding therapy. Patients with tumors expressing SSTR2 may be successfully treated with somatostatin inhibitors or radiolabeled somatostatin analogues. We studied SSTR2 expression in TET and correlated it with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT or 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR results and treatment outcome. An institutional database of TET was searched for thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and thymic neuroendocrine tumor (TNET) with available resection specimens. Cases were subtyped (2021 WHO classification) and staged (8th AJCC/UICC staging). A section was stained with anti-SSTR2 antibody (clone UMB1). Percent tumor cells with membranous staining was recorded if present in ≥1% of tumor cells. Medical records were searched for 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans and treatment. Statistical analysis was performed. Eighty patients (1969-2021) with a median age of 61.3 years (range, 19.1-87.3) (37 males, 46.3%) had thymic carcinoma (N=33), TNET (N=7), or thymoma (N=40). SSTR2 expression was identified in 29 (of 80, 36.3%) TET including 2/2 (100%) small cell carcinomas, 2/5 (40.0%) atypical carcinoid tumors, 16/23 (69.6%) squamous cell carcinomas, 2/2 (100%) lymphoepithelial carcinomas, 1/1 (100%) adenosquamous carcinoma, and 6/40 (15.0%) thymomas. SSTR2 expression in ≥50% of tumor cells (vs 1-49%) was associated with younger age (p=0.023) and shorter recurrence/metastasis-free survival (p=0.007). 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans (N=9) revealed a Krenning score of 3 in patients with atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (N=1 each) with SSTR2 expression in 95, 100, and 5% of tumor cells, respectively. Scans with Krenning scores of ≤2 (N=5) were seen in tumors with no SSTR2 expression in 80% of cases and a single atypical carcinoid tumor with SSTR2 expression in 10% of tumor cells. One scan resulted as “increased uptake” was in a patient with no SSTR2 expression. In conclusion, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans correlated with SSTR2 expression in TET in most patients and appeared to be useful to identify patients with TET who may be amenable to treatment with somatostatin analogues. Larger studies including more patients with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans are necessary to independently and prospectively validate our findings.
Enterocolitis Is a Risk Factor for Bowel Perforation in Neonates With Hirschsprung's Disease: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhu Tianqi , Zhang Guofeng , Meng Xinyao , Yang Jixin , Niu Yonghua , He Ying , Yang Heying , Xiong Xiaofeng , Feng Jiexiong
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim

We evaluated the clinical features of neonatal Hirschsprung's disease (HD)-associated bowel perforation (perforated HD) and investigated risk factors related to it.

Methods

We retrospectively collected clinical data of neonates (<1 month of age) with perforated HD from multicenters in China from January 2006 to December 2019. A total of 142 patients (6.7%) with perforated HD were enrolled in the study. A 1:2 matching method was used to compare the clinical information of HD patients with and without bowel perforation during the neonatal period. The risk factors for bowel perforation were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic risk regression analyses.

Results

Perforation site was present in the proximal ganglionic bowel in 101 (71.1%) cases and the distal aganglionosis segment in 41 (28.9%) cases. Adjacent marginal tissue from the perforated intestine revealed varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the severity of enterocolitis was higher in the proximal ganglionic bowel than in the distal aganglionosis segment (p < 0.05). In the univariable and multivariable logistic analyses, clinical symptoms, such as vomiting (adjusted OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 2.01–2.88, p < 0.05), and inflammation index in hematologic tests, such as neutrophil proportion (adjusted OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.33, p < 0.05) and CRP (adjusted OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.01–3.27, p < 0.05) were associated with increased risk for perforated HD.

Conclusion

Clinical Hirschsprung disease-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) highly correlated with perforated HD. Timely treatment of HAEC should be appropriate therapeutic approaches to prevent perforated HD.
Establishing a Research Agenda for Suicide Prevention Among Veterans Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Robinson Maurand , Holliday Ryan , Monteith Lindsey L. , Blosnich John R. , Elbogen Eric B. , Gelberg Lillian , Hooshyar Dina , Liu Shawn , McInnes D. Keith , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Tsai Jack , Grassmeyer Riley , Brenner Lisa A.
Published: February 2022

Suicide among Veterans experiencing or at risk for homelessness remains a significant public health concern. Conducting research to understand and meet the needs of this at-risk population remains challenging due to myriad factors (e.g., clinical complexity including multimorbidity, difficulty monitoring risk across systems). To address this challenge, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) convened the Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Suicide Prevention in Veterans Experiencing Homelessness: Research and Practice Development meeting, bringing together subject-matter experts in the fields of homelessness and suicide prevention, both from within and outside of VA. During the meeting, attendees identified 10 potential research priorities at the intersection of suicide prevention and homelessness. After the meeting, Delphi methodology was used to achieve consensus on the relative importance of the identified research domains. Through this iterative Delphi process, agreement was reached regarding the need to increase understanding of barriers and facilitators to suicide risk assessment and emergency intervention for Veterans experiencing homelessness by examining the perspectives of both Veterans and healthcare providers. Elucidating the complex relationships between risk periods, subgroups, suicide means, and drivers of suicide among Veterans experiencing homelessness was also considered a top priority. This article documents the Delphi process and provides a research agenda for researchers, funding agencies, and policymakers to prioritize the most relevant and potentially impactful research domains aimed at preventing suicide among Veterans experiencing or at risk for homelessness.
The Application of Technological Intervention for Stroke Rehabilitation in Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review With Stakeholders' Consultation
Authors: Selamat Siti Nur Suhaidah , Che Me Rosalam , Ahmad Ainuddin Husna , Salim Mazatulfazura S. F. , Ramli Hafiz Rashidi , Romli Muhammad Hibatullah
Published: February 2022

Background

The technological intervention is considered as an adjunct to the conventional therapies applied in the rehabilitation session. In most high-income countries, technology has been widely used in assisting stroke survivors to undergo their treatments. However, technology use is still lacking in Southeast Asia, especially in middle- and low-income countries. This scoping review identifies and summarizes the technologies and related gaps available in Southeast Asia pertaining to stroke rehabilitation.

Methods

The JBI manual for evidence synthesis was used to conduct a scoping study. Until September 2021, an electronic search was performed using four databases (Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, ASEAN Citation Index). Only the studies that were carried out in Southeast Asia were chosen.

Results

Forty-one articles were chosen in the final review from 6,873 articles found during the initial search. Most of the studies reported the implementation of technological intervention combined with conventional therapies in stroke rehabilitation. Advanced and simple technologies were found such as robotics, virtual reality, telerehabilitation, motion capture, assistive devices, and mobility training from Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The majority of the studies show that technological interventions can enhance the recovery period of stroke survivors. The consultation session suggested that the technological interventions should facilitate the needs of the survivors, caregivers, and practitioners during the rehabilitation.

Conclusions

The integration of technology into conventional therapies has shown a positive outcome and show significant improvement during stroke recovery. Future studies are recommended to investigate the potential of home-based technological intervention and lower extremities.
Reliability-Oriented Configuration Optimization of More Electrical Control Systems
Authors: Liao Zirui , Wang Shaoping , Shi Jian , Liu Dong , Chen Rentong
Published: February 2022

More electrical vehicles adopt dissimilar redundant control systems with dissimilar power supplies and dissimilar actuators to achieve high reliability and safety, but this introduces more intricacy into the configuration design. Currently, it is difficult to identify the optimum configuration via the conventional trial-and-error approach within an acceptable timeframe. Hence, it is imperative to discover novel methods for the configuration design of more electrical vehicles. This paper introduced the design specification of more electric vehicles and investigated the contribution of different kinds of actuators, presenting a new multi-objective configuration optimization approach on the foundation of system reliability, weight, power, and cost. By adopting the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), the Pareto optimization design set was obtained. Then, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was introduced to make a comprehensive decision on the schemes in the Pareto set and determine the optimal system configuration. Eventually, numerical results indicated that the reliability of our designed configuration increased by 5.89% and 55.34%, respectively, compared with dual redundancies and single redundancy configurations, which verified the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.