bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifications of the 7-Day Activity Interview for Use Among Older Adults
Authors: Hellman Esther A. , Williams Mark A. , Thalken Lisa
Published: March 2007

Although Blair's 7-Day Activity Interview (AI) has been widely used in epidemiological studies among adults, this instrument lacked a level of sensitivity when used among older adults with low functional capacities. To resolve this limitation, the AI was modified by adjusting the activity intensity categories to assess low-intensity activities. Concurrent and construct validity of the Modified AI were evaluated in groups of older adults known to differ in activity. The Active Group (N = 30) exercised 3 days per week, whereas the Inactive Group (N = 30) did not participate in extracurricular exercise. Energy expenditures calculated using the Modified AI discriminated between the active and inactive groups (p < .0001). The Modified AI was found to have concurrent validity, that is, older adults who exercised regularly had significantly higher energy expenditures (p < .0001). The Modified AI assesses low-intensity activity and was shown to have concurrent and construct validity among these groups of older adults.
Service Selection: Concordance Between Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Center Clients' Choices and Program Staff Recommendations
Authors: Ginther Shawn Damon , Fox Patrick J. , Humphers-Ginther Susan E. , Miller Leonard
Published: March 2007

Service choices of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) enrollees (N = 822) and ADDTC professional staff are compared. Results suggest that community- dwelling Alzheimer's patients are not high service consumers, and ADDTC staff generally agree with their service choices. Limited discordance noted pertained to recommended decreases in homemaker chore, senior center, meals, transportation, and home health use; and suggested increases in psychiatric service, case management, and adult day care use. Findings confirm the high degree of informal care of the demented and the reluctance or inability of patients and caregivers to use formal services. Results also indicate that as ADDTC-like programs prolifer ate, long-term care costs may remain unchanged because patients and caregivers may already know what formal care they need and want.
Reason for Case Closure Among Substantiated Reports of Elder Abuse
Authors: Neale Anne Victoria , Hwalek Melanie A. , Goodrich Carolyn Stahl , Quinn Kathleen M.
Published: March 2007

The reason for case closure was examined in a sample of 2,679 substantiated reports of elder abuse made over a 26-month period to the Illinois adult protective services (APS) program. The most common reason for case closure was the APS worker's assessment that the victim was no longer at risk for abuse (34.5%), followed by long-term care placement (21.4%), administrative closure (14.2%), victim refusal of services (12.3%), and victim death (12.0%). Victims with multiple impairments were more likely to enter long-term care. Victims who refused services tended to have abusers who were substance abusers, had mental illness, or were financially dependent on them. Those who died had more impairments and were more likely to be disabled or nonambulatory at the time of the abuse report.
Police Role Perceptions: Their Operationalization and Some Preliminary Findings
Authors: Teasley C. E.
Published: March 2007

Several authors have noted that police do much more than capture criminals. Perhaps the most cited role typology was developed by James Q. Wilson, who divided the police role into three categories: law enforcement, order-maintenance and services. Wilson suggested that police departments assumed a particular role through depart mental policies consistent with community values communicated through the govern ment structure. Regardless of the method of communication, according to Wilson's thesis, there should be a consistent policy held by officers in a particular community, and this policy should differ according to the community characteristics within which the particular department is located. This study operationalized a police role perception instrument and conducted a preliminary correlational analysis with indicators of the community, the government structure, the nature of crime in the particular community, along with the personality and job characteristics of the police respondent. What was found was that police role perceptions cannot be characterized as easily as Wilson suggests. Principally, the role perception categories transcended law enforcement and order-maintenance and might best be labelled "proactive" and "reactive" in addition to "peacekeeping" and "service" roles. The categories were not mutually exclusive within the communities, and they were generally related to the level of serious crime in the community -an indication of how much time an officer could spend on the secondary aspects of his job.
Law and Social Control in China: An Application of Black's Thesis
Authors: Regoli Robert M. , Miracle Andrew W. , Poole Eric D.
Published: March 2007

The relationship of law and other forms of social control is examined by using data derived from traditional Chinese society, as well asfrom the contemporary situation in the People's Republic of China and Taiwan. The specific focus is Black's theory of the behavior of law. The evidence presented here generally supports Black's position regarding the relationship of law and social control; however, some caveats are in order.
The Elderly in Prison: A Profile
Authors: Goetting Ann
Published: March 2007

From a 1979 nationwide self-report survey of 11,397 inmates in state penal institutions, 248 of them aged 55 or older, a profile of elderly inmates based on comparisons with their younger counterparts has been constructed. Areas of analysis include: personal characteristics, current offense and sentence, probation and incarceration history, conformity to prison rules, prison recreation and work activities, and interaction withfamily members andfriends outside ofprison. Recommendations for future investigation are offered.
Correctional Research in Theory and Praxis: Political and Operational Hindrances
Authors: Peak Ken
Published: March 2007

This article explores a growing paradoxical aspect of research in U.S. correctional systems: On the one hand, the need to know what is being done and "what works" inside our prisons, which now command an annual outlay of $20 billion; conversely, there is the apparent cloak of secrecy surrounding these closed, "total institutions" (using Goffman's definition). The article discusses the tremendous need for cooperation between correctional practitioners and researchers, especially in light of the widespread notion spawned in the mid-1970s that "nothing works" inside prisons to change inmates. Primary differences between the methods, goals, and personalities of practitioners and researchers are discussed; and the Supreme Court's removal of the 'iron curtain' between prisons and society, Wolff v. McDonnell (1974), is examined in relation to research.

For future correctional researchers, several political and operational problems actually encountered in a recent national survey of prisons are outlined. This case study provides considerable insight regarding the extent of difficulty and even paranoia the prison researcher should expect to encounter, as much or more on the part of the central office (state department of corrections) staff as with grass roots employees.
Discretion, Due Process, and the Prison Discipline Committee
Authors: Schafer N. E.
Published: March 2007

Prison discipline received considerable attention from both the courts and professional organizations during the decade of the 1970s. It was widely assumed that the due process requirements which resulted from judicial review coupled with the promulgation of model discipline standards and procedures would limit the broad discretionary authority found in the traditional prison disciplinary process. A case study of the activities of one Prison Discipline Committee suggests that these external pressures may have less impact on decision making than such internal pressures as overcrowding. Due process requirements have not greatly inhibited the exercise of discretion in the prison discipline process.
Communications
Authors: McWilliams John C.
Published: March 2007

A communication may take one of two forms. The first relates to correspondence about an article that has appeared in the Review. In this instance the editor will determine whether the initial correspondence from a reader is worthy of publication. In the event that it is, the author of the article in question will have an opportunity to respond to the reader's comment. Both communications will appear unedited. The second type of communication relates to book reviews. It is assumed that this type of communication will be initiated by authors of books who believe that their work has been criticized unfairly. In this instance the editor will not determine whether the communication should be published. Instead, it is our intention to allow the reviewer of the book in question to respond to the author's communication and then to permit the author of the book a final rejoinder to the reviewer's communication. All of this correspondence will be published unedited. This policy is designed to assure the essential integrity and purpose of the Review.
Solid Waste Collection Systems in Developing Urban Areas of South Africa: an Overview and Case Study
Authors: Korfmacher Katrina Smith
Published: March 2007

Experience with appropriate collection systems for urban and peri-urban areas of developing countries is accumulating. Nonetheless, the primary lesson learned from studying such systems is that collection systems must be designed to accommodate the particular conditions of the community. This paper reflects on international experience with such collection systems and examines their relevance to South Africa. A case study is presented of designing a solid waste collection system for the Winterveld, Bophuthatswana, including a community survey, a waste composition study, and exploration of resource recovery options. Detailed data from the case study show that, even within one country, solid waste collection systems are not automatically transferable from one community to another. Particular re commendations for the South African situation are given. © 1997 ISWA
Management and Recycling of Demolition Waste in Hong Kong
Authors: Poon Chi S.
Published: March 2007

Over the past decade, municipal solid waste generation in Hong Kong has been increasing. One of the characteristics of waste generation is the disproportionally large quantity of construction waste among all types of solid waste. Building debris resulting from demolition works constitutes a substantial proportion of the waste quantity. The paper outlines a method for the estimation of the quantity of demolition waste generation in Hong Kong and evaluates the different options that are available for demolition waste management. The results of a laboratory study on reusing the recycled aggregates as engineering materials are also briefly described. © 1997 ISWA
Estimation of landfill properties through simulation
Authors: Åkesson M.
Published: March 2007

The total content of dry substance (DS) and readily biode gradable material (RBM) in waste streams directed to six landfill test cells were estimated. These estimates were neces sary for the evaluation of the performance of the test cells and were used to both express methane production rates on a dry matter basis, and to obtain a measurement related to acido genesis. A hierarchial description of the test cell content was used for the calculation of DS and RBM. Test cells were treated as mixtures of different waste streams, and these, in turn, were divided into composite materials, each of which was assigned values of the emphasized properties; DS and RBM. A variety of information sources (entrance registra tions, sortmgs, visual inspections and estimates of waste stream fractions) were utilized and a method, which included both matrix calculations and simulation, was developed which included the standard deviation (SD) of each fraction. In this way, SD values for the total content of DS and RBM could be quantified. Exaggerations of the SD of estimated fractions affected the results to only a limited extent since the dispersion was leveled out by the multitude of compounds. The SD of the total content of DS and RBM were, therefore, sufficiently low to produce useful results. In comparison to the moisture contents measured after the final covering of the test cells, the results indicate that the material was dried during construction.
Hygienic aspects of biowaste composting: airborne microbial concentrations as a function of feedstock, operation and season
Authors: Maricou Heidi , Verstraete Willy , Mesuere Karel
Published: March 2007

In the present study, airborne concentrations of total bacteria, molds+yeasts as well as fecal coliforms and streptococci were measured at a composting plant as a function of key variables, including feedstock composition, operational procedures and season. The facility where the measurements were performed is a large (60 000 tonnes day-1), turned and aerated static pile composting installation for source-separated vegetable, fruit and garden waste (VFG) collected from households in a region of the northern part of Belgium.
Transport of metals leaching from land-disposed oil field wastes
Authors: Ünlü Kahraman
Published: March 2007

The potential for groundwater contamination by metals leaching from land-disposed oil field exploration and produc tion (E&P) wastes is an environmental concern. In this study, a geochemical transport model is adopted to consider multi- species metal migration. Objectives are to characterize the chemical composition of E&P wastes, to evaluate the mobility and pollution potential of metals in E&P wastes and to inves tigate the utility of simplified modelling approaches. A chem ical transport model coupling a hydrologic submodel is used for the analysis. The hydrologic transport submodel considers one-dimensional advective-dispersive transport of compo nents in the aqueous phase under steady unsaturated flow con ditions. The geochemical submodel considers speciation, pre cipitation-dissolution and ion exchange reactions assuming local equilibrium conditions prevail. Simulations are per formed to evaluate the movement of metals through the unsaturated zone for the base case corresponding to a typical waste pit. Sensitivity analyses are performed for selected input parameters that are expected to have significant effect on metal transport. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) are obtained for metal species As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn at the water table. Inspection of BTCs reveals multiple peaks and complex inter relationships among model parameters which cannot be reproduced using single species transport models with linear reaction terms. Precipitation plays a significant role in attenu ation of metal concentrations in E&P wastes. Calculated vadose zone attenuation ratios indexing the pollution poten tial of various metals span a wide range of values due to the dif ferences in reactivity of metals. Results for the relative vadose zone concentration with respect to maximum contaminant levels in drinking water suggest that, in general, chloride is likely to to be more critical than trace metals in controlling the groundwater quality. Cadmium and copper are the next most likely to lead to non-compliance. Under conditions where Cr(III) is the dominant species in waste, chromium attenuation is greatly increased due to precipitation.
Effects of season and population density on source-separated waste composts
Authors: Krogmann Uta
Published: March 2007

A German federal law, enacted in 1993, requires that biogenic wastes be source-separated for re-use in most circumstances. This has resulted in the collection of over 4 million metric tons of biogenic waste per year, most of which is composted. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential to control and to optimize the chemical and physical properties of biogenic waste composts from suburban and urban communities during different seasons. Therefore, the composition of the biogenic waste stream in the City of Hamburg, Germany was determined and the chemical and physical properties of the resulting composts were analysed. The most dramatic differences were found for trace metals, especially in urban areas. Although some trace metals cannot be avoided, careful analysis of typical waste stream fractions can permit moderation of end-product contamination levels.
A New Approach to Assessing Performance of State Human Resource Management Systems
Authors: Selden Sally Coleman , Jacobson Willow , Ammar Salwa H. , Wright Ronald H.
Published: March 2007

A growing body of research has focused on evaluating the effectiveness of human resource management systems, yet few efforts have been made to develop a set of criteria and a method for evaluating human resource management systems in the public sector As part of the Government Performance Project, the present study offers a framework and methodology to fill this gap The Government Performance Project worked with a panel of experts to identify relevant criteria to evaluate pubhc sector human resource systems and to construct a survey instrument aligned with the identified criteria After discussing the criteria and survey construction, the article introduces a method of evaluating human resource management systems, fuzzy logic, that models expert judgments and takes into account measurement imprecision
Seeds of Success and Failure: Policy Development and Implementation of the 1978 Civil Service Reform Act
Authors: Kramer Kenneth W.
Published: March 2007

The implementation of a public policy is linked closely to the initial development of that policy. Any examination of the implementation of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 should be based on a firm understanding of the factors which affected the formulation and adoption of that legislation. These factors shaped the nature of the Act in specific ways which may hinder or aid attempts to achieve the purposes of the law. A review of the factors involved indicates that the prospects for successful implementation of the Civil Service Reform Act are somewhat favorable but that much uncertainty still exists over whether the policy adopted will be able to attain its goals in light of changed political circumstances in Washington.
The Merit Pay System: Prognosis
Authors: Silverman Buddy Robert
Published: March 2007

The merit pay system offers an expensive, complicated, and inequitable way of compensating senior level supervisors and management officials, or a more advanced method of rewarding and recognizing employee accomplishments, depending upon one's point of view. To survive, the pro gram must demonstrate tangible returns on an investment estimated as high as a billion dollars for fiscal year 1981 alone.
Public Sector Labor Relations: Agent of Change in American Industrial Relations?
Authors: Sulzner George T.
Published: March 2007

A growing number of observers of industrial relations in the United States are becoming con vinced that broad changes are occurring which will have a major effect on the labor-management relations system. This article looks at the major changes and suggests that one consequence may be the emergence of the public sector as the area where pace-setting innovations could occur. Minimal ly, it is argued, public sector labor-management relations will no longer have "the bridesmaid and never the bride" status with respect to industrial relations practice and scholarship.
Affirmative Action and Judicial Standards of Review: A Search for the Elusive Consensus
Authors: Lee Yong S.
Published: March 2007

During the last decade, the Supreme Court has been vacillating in its approach to affirmative action (AA)--from stricker scrutiny standards to more liberal standards--seriously complicating the job of public administration. Whyhas the Court been so ambivalent towards AA ? This article shows that the two-tieranalytic framework the Court has formulated for judicial review is not asystematic test enabling coherentapplication but largely a set of conflicting and often polarized value preferences. This "conglomerate" framework has permitted the Court to make essentially inconsistent choices, depending on who sits on the bench and is able to forge the opinion. With the retirement of Justices Brennan (1990) and Marshall (1991)--the ardent supporters of affirmative action--the Court will certainly embark upon a strict scrutiny path. Inevitably then, AA debate will change in focus, gradually moving away from the idea of quotas to a case-by-case approach. The challenge here would be to structure AA policyin a way that is consistent with the language of the Equal Protection of the Laws. If, for instance, merit is the only constitutionally acceptable criterion, AA policymayhave to be focused on the concept of merit, defining it in a way that is not going to be disadvantageous to a particular group. Thatmaymean that "merit" is definedbroadlyin terms of whata person is capable of contributing to his or her employerand the larger community in which he or she is a part.
Strategic Human Resource Management
Authors: Perry James L.
Published: March 2007

Thegrowing importance of human resources for organizational success has led to increasing interest in making personnel management a more integral, strategy-driven activity in organizations. This trend is particularlyrelevant forthe federal government where personnel activities are often perceived as constrained, complex, and separate from the manage ment process. This article proposes changing the relation ship between the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and federal agencies, redefining their respective roles, and altering the roles of personnel specialists and line managers.
MPA and CPM Programs
Authors: Conant James K. , Housel Steve
Published: March 2007

In 1993, approximately 24,000 participants were enrolled in more than 220 public affairs and administration programs. These programs were located in all 50 states, Washington D.C., and the Virgin Islands. At the same time, approximately 10,000 public service employees, drawn primarily from state governments, were enrolled in 16 state Certified Public Management programs. While both MPA and CPM programs are engaged in public service education, they differ along a number of key dimensions such as target audience, methods of instructional delivery, economic costs, workload requirements and time costs, and external rewards. This article contains a comparative examination of the two programs. Among the issues addressed in the article are : (1) whether the two programs are primarily competitors or complements in the arena of public service education; (2) what types of advantages the respective programs might have in head-to-head competition; and,(3) whether cooperative linkages among the programs ought to be encouraged or discouraged.
Cross-Agency Comparisons of Quit Rates in the Federal Service
Authors: Kellough J. Edward , Osuna Will
Published: March 2007

Federal agencies vary widely in the extent to which employees quit. This study seeks to understand that variation by examining the relationship between agency quit rates and a number of variables identified in the literature as significant determinants of employee turnover. Several of the variables tested, including the employment of young workers, clerical employment, agency size, union strength, and temporary employment are significantly associated with federal agency quit rates. The proportion of an agency's work force comprised of young employees, for example, demonstrates a strong positive relationship with the frequency of quits, as expected. Other variables, including professional and administrative employment and, more notably, the employment of women and minorities, appear to have no impact on variation in agency quit rates.
Local Government Responses to Workplace Violence
Authors: Nigro Lloyd G. , Waugh William L.
Published: March 2007

This article reports on the findings of a national survey of local governments' efforts to deal with workplace violence on the policy and program levels. Directors of departments of human resources and personnel in 472 jurisdictions with populations of 100,000 or more were mailed a questionnaire, and a 66.7% response rate was achieved. Highlights of the findings include: (1) about one-third of these cities and counties have workplace violence policies and related programs in operation, (2) human resources directors were major actors in developing these policies, and their offices typically play a major role in implementing them; and, (3) violence by terrorists is not a major concern, while assaults and homicides arising from interpersonal conflicts, drugs and alcohol abuse, and adverse actions received considerable attention
Privatization and Public Employee Pension Rights
Authors: Ravitch Frank S. , Lawther Wendell C.
Published: March 2007

What rights do public employees have to the same level of pension benefits when their positions are privatized? The literature on privatization does not deal with its impact on public employee pensions In 1997 the United States Supreme Court, in the Inter-Modal case, ruled that a private company cannot contract with another private company for the purposes of lowering the benefit costs of their employees Since there is no public counterpart to ERISA, however, the courts have had to look to state constitutions and state and local law to resolve the question of pension rights The courts have relied upon contract law to handle disputes over this issue While it appears that in some states Privatized employees do have a right to the same level of benefits as public employees, in other states the answer is not as clear Issues which make the answer complex include (a) the definition of vesting and, (b) the comparability of defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans For the wary government official, several suggestions are made to avoid potential legal difficulties
Threshold Effects and Neighborhood Change
Authors: Quercia Roberto G. , Galster George C.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the authors assemble, synthesize, and assess the disparate, fragmented literature concerning thresholds related to neighborhood change. They find several theories of neighborhood change that imply the existence of thresholds and identify six alternative mechanisms for generating threshold effects. They critically examine empirical evidence on changing neighborhood racial group composition, income group composition, social and economic conditions (criminal activity, friendship, teen child-bearing, marriage, educational attainment, employment and earnings, social relationships, health, and welfare dependency), and housing investment. The authors find evidence of threshold effects in dynamics of all these neighborhood attributes. The possibility of identifying thresholds provides guidance to planners for spatially targeting reinvestments to those neighborhoods approaching or past critical thresholds. Future research needs to devise careful empirical tests designed to distinguish the alternative mechanisms producing thresholds and ascertain the generality of findings summarized in this review.
Evaluating Success in Urban Freeway Planning
Authors: Blair John M. , ijawka K. David
Published: March 2007

There are clear benefits to the urban free-way mode of transportation, including increased mobility and accessibility. Historically, however, they have often brought adverse impacts to the communities that they traverse. There are signs that the 1990s generation of urban freeways has been more environmentally sensitive to neighborhoods. This study tests success in urban transportation planning by evaluating the impacts of the Squaw Peak Parkway in Phoenix, Arizona. Strategies within four thematic areas characterizing urban freeway planning are examined to explain success. The household survey in adjacent neighborhoods suggests that most freeway impacts were successfully mitigated. The article concludes that important lessons were learned from the earlier decades of freeway building. At the same time, broader issues surrounding more sustainable forms of transportation were not explored, and the authors speculate that success was obtained at the project level but question the freeway’s success at the larger urban policy level.
Politics and Ambivalence In Planners' Practice
Authors: Baum Howell S
Published: March 2007

The view that planning is a political activ ity has encouraged researchers to inquire to what degree planners think or act politi cally Studies of planners' self-perceptions take three forms One type of study is concerned with planners' cognitive maps of the planning environment A second type is concerned with planners' role orientation to the environment A third type of study is concerned with the skills which planners use in their day-to-day work
Education in Social Impact Assessment and Planning
Authors: Canan Penelope , Hennessy Michael
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the student project that won the 1982 national award from the American Planning Association It begins with the epistemological orientation that places social values at the cornerstone of Social Impact Assessment. The planning project, electrical self-sufficiency in harmony with community values on the Hawaiian island of Moloka'i, is then described. The educational format is discussed as a practicum incorporating the assistance of expert consultants, commu nity residents, and statewide agencies and organizations. The methodological approaches of multidimensional scaling and time series are explained, followed by data analysis and presentation instruction Finally, applications to planning for this community as well as implications for the future of social impact assessment are discussed
Municipal Characteristics Associated with Toxic Contaminants in Groundwater
Authors: Page G. William
Published: March 2007

This paper reports the results of investigations into the relationships between municipal characteristics and toxic contaminants in groundwater. The data analyzed includes attributes of income, education, race, zoning, industrial activity, waste disposal practices, and other characteristics for 292 New Jersey municipalities and the concentration of 50 toxic substances in their groundwater. Many statistically significant associations are found, with the strongest being between several of the volatile organic chemicals and measures of industrial activity in the 1950s and 1960s. The second half of the paper presents a series of models designed to predict which municipalities have a greater probability of having their groundwater contaminated with toxic chemicals These models are able to distinguish the New Jersey sample of municipalities into "contaminated" and "not contaminated" with between 73 and 88 percent accuracy
Experiential Learning in Planning Education
Authors: Tyson B. Trevor , Low Nicholas P.
Published: March 2007

This paper presents the authors' views on the radical use of experien tial learning in a planning course. The paper begins by comparing the ories of education, explaining what is meant by the radical approach, and arguing for the adoption of such an approach in planning education. A well-known conceptual model of experiential learning is briefly out lined, that of D. A. Kolb, and an illustrative example is given of a particular experience: an intensive five-day workshop which formed the core of a planning course for third- year students at the University of Melbourne. Reflecting upon their own experience, the authors propose a modification to Kolb's model in line with the radical approach. Fi nally they discuss the implications of adopting such an approach in a con ventional academic setting.
Yonkers' Planners Acted Ethically: Its Citizens and Politicians Acted Illegally
Authors: Hill Edward W.
Published: March 2007

The city of Yonkers violated the Constitution by locating schools and public housing in ways that were prosegregative. Did the city's plan ners act unethically, using the Davi doff-Krumholz categorical imperative of redistribution as the ethical stan dard ? Possibly yes, but I argue that the imperative is an irrelevant stan dard for a city's planners and con clude that Yonkers' planners acted ethically. The imperative is valuable as a personal moral reference point and is appropriate for judging the actions of elected and appointed of ficials. It is inappropriate, however, as a standard for evaluating public servants. Yonkers' planners provided best practice advice to political deci sion makers. They were ignored.
The Impact of Land Value and Real Property Taxation on the Timing of Central City Redevelopment
Authors: Roakes Susan L. , Barrows Richard , Jacobs Harvey M.
Published: March 2007

Planners have long been intrigued with the concept of land value taxation (LVT) as a way to eliminate urban blight and sprawl. This research empirically tested the hypothesis that, compared to real property taxation, LVT will speed the rate of redevelopment in central cities. The analysis shows that from 1970 to 1987 central city redevelopment in Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand, was influenced by different population growth rates and by physical differences between the cities, but not by the taxation systems. The physical difference between the two cities, as well as low tax levels and long assessment cycles, may limit these results to this context.
Learning from Difference: The Potentially Transforming Experience of Community-University Collaboration
Authors: Dewar Margaret E. , Isaac Claudia B.
Published: March 2007

The University of Michigan's Detroit Community Outreach Partnership Center generates faculty-student teams who work on community development projects with Detroit's community organizations. Projects are designed to enrich students' experiential learning in community settings and to help build communities' organizational capacity. This relationship has exposed a culture clash between universities and community organizations in at least three major areas: the style of work, social justice understanding, and power relations. Further, although the COPC is committed to a community-driven planning model, the nature of the community-university relationship tends to push the work toward a consultant-driven model. Improving community-university collaboration will require restructuring of university pedagogy.
Acculturation and Sex-Role Attitudes among Mexican Americans: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Valentine Sean , Mosley Gordon
Published: March 2007

Following a brief introduction to the acculturation process and Mexican American culture, the authors propose that people of Mexican heritage in the United States tend to assimilate rather than integrate with regard to their sex-role attitudes. The authors also propose that the degree of assimilation will be affected by several factors, including generational status and age. Using longitudinal data, the results of the study indicated that the degree of sex-role assimilation among Mexican Americans was affected by the aforementioned variables.
Nation of Origin, Gender, and Neighborhood Differences in Past-Year Substance Use among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites
Authors: Finch Brian Karl
Published: March 2007

This analysis of the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) focuses on correlates of substance use among Hispanic groups. Using 1994-B and 1996 NHSDA surveys (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 1996, 1998), these analyses use sampling areas to control for intracluster correlation and its subsequent effect on empirical conclusions. Models are specified for alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and any illicit drug, controlling for national origin, gender, age, socioeconomic status, language, and family structure. Results indicate that models failing to account for intracluster correlation may lead to erroneous ethnic contrasts of substance use. Also, substance use varies widely by national origin—and Hispanic men and women have highly divergent patterns of use, more so than non-Hispanic White men and women. Finally, controlling for neighborhood does not wholly diminish ethnic contrasts in substance use.
Adaptation Strategies and Cultural Life Styles of Mexican American Adolescents
Authors: Vigil Diego
Published: March 2007

To determine the effect of different environments on the acculturation of Mexican American adolescents, an investi gation was conducted of the adaptation strategies utilized by students in an urban and suburban high school. A ques tionnaire was administered to 80 subjects (39 urban, 41 suburban) to determine the degree of acculturation on a Likert-type scale. Twelve students were then selected as being the two most nativist (Mexican-oriented), the two most intermediate (Chicano-oriented), and the two most acculturated (Anglo-oriented) students from each school. In-depth case studies focusing on differences in life styles were completed on the 12 students. Results indicate that urban students experience more stress in acculturation, although the Mexican-oriented students exhibit more con fidence in their ethnic identification and do better aca demically. Suburban Mexican-oriented students often have difficulty in practicing their chosen cultural life styles. Suburban Chicano- and Anglo-oriented students lean more toward the Anglo side of the acculturation continuum but still participate in subcultural (gang-related) activities.
A Colombian Version of the Children's Embedded Figures Test
Authors: Lega Leonor I.
Published: March 2007

Translation of the Children's Embedded Figures Test for use with children in Colombia is described. Results show that the Colom bian version has acceptable reliability (r = .80) and construct validity.
Research on the Psychiatric Evaluation of the Bilingual Patient: A Methodological Critique
Authors: Vazquez Carol A.
Published: March 2007

Several researchers have focused on the possible impact of interview language on the psychiatric evaluation of the bilingual patient and have reported conflicting results and conclusions. It is suggested that the area is in a state of confusion that may be attributed to certain methodological weaknesses and inconsistencies in the research. The major flaws are examined here, and general guidelines for future research are suggested.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Mexican American, Black American, and White American Women at a Large Urban University
Authors: Zeff Shirley B.
Published: March 2007

Despite increased emphasis in recent literature on the psychology of women, there are few cross-cultural empirical studies of specific ethnic groups of women. This study examines comparatively how 279 Mexican American, black American, and white American college female freshmen in Houston, Texas, perceive themselves according to masculine, feminine, and androgynous measurements. The study investigates the perceived sex-role differences among the three groups of women according to the Bem Sex Role Inventory. While there were some significant differences among the three groups, the groups were more similar than different with regard to sex-role categories. The greatest percentage of each of the three ethnic/racial groups was androgynous. The findings suggest that social class is more influential than ethnicity/race in determining sex-role behavior of women. As people move upward in social class, they tend to be more homogeneous.
Contrasting Models of the Healer's Role: South Texas Case Examples
Authors: Trotrer Robert T.
Published: March 2007

This article compares two models of the healer's role: physicians and Mexican American folk healers (curanderos). The effects of culture on the delivery of health care are manifested in three areas: the protection of patient modesty, the locus of control over diagnosis and treatment, and the role of the healer as a cultural interpreter of teherapeutic regimens. Case examples are presented that illustrate the differences in the roles of the two types of healers.
Acculturation and the MMPI Performance of Chicano and Anglo College Students
Authors: Padilla Eligio R. , Olmedo Esteban L. , Loya Fred
Published: March 2007

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and an acculturation inventory consisting of 15 semantic differential and sociocultural items were administered to Chicano college students. Factor analysis produced a four-dimensional measure of acculturation. The multivariate relationships between the multidimensional measure of acculturation and MMPI validity and clinical scales were investigated by means of canonical correlational analysis. Two of the canonical correlations were significant. Differences in language use, generation and citizenship of head of household (Nationality-Language factor) were related to differences on L, Hs, and MF scales, with less acculturated subjects scoring higher on L and Hs scales and lower on the MF scale. Differences in socioeconomic status (SES factor) and attitudes toward the concept "male" (Male-Potency factor) were related to differences on L, K, and Pd scales, with less acculturated students scoring lower on L and K, and higher on Pd. Implications for future cross-cultural research and the difficulties in the psychological assessment of the heterogeneous Chicano population are discussed.
Grandparent-Grandchild Interaction in a Mexican American Group
Authors: Schmidt Adeny , Padilla Amado M.
Published: March 2007

Telephone interviews with 31 Mexican American grandparents collected information about interaction behaviors of 53 grandparent-grandchild dyads. These were dyads in which the grandchild was between the ages of 3 and 12, and saw the grandparent often but did not live in the same household. The areas explored were: interaction behaviors, cultural transmission, and religious training. These response variables were crossed with sex, age, and place of birth of grandparent, sex and age of the grandchild, sex and sibling position of the parent, and language compatibility between grandparent and grandchild. Results indicate a high degree of involvement by most grandparents. A hypothesis of increased interaction along the sex-blood line had partial confirmation. Grandmothers reported talking in Spanish and visiting most with granddaughters, especially if these were the children of daughters. A second hypothesis of behaviors according to sex-role demarcations was not confirmed. Both grandmothers and grandfathers reported being involved in the socialization of grandchildren, and this involvement is not significantly different. Furthermore, interaction with grandsons and granddaughters is very similar. Some significant differences in behavior due to nativity of grandparent were found in the areas of Spanish usage and playing with grandchildren.
Personal and Institutional Sources of Manuscripts and Book Reviews in the Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 1979-1983
Authors: Caraveo-Ramos Libardo Eduardo
Published: March 2007

Both personal and institutional sources of authorship of manuscripts and book reviews published in Vols. 1-5 of the Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences (1979-1983) are traced in this article. The top 10 personal manuscript contributors of the Journal, their present affiliations and their institutions of graduate training are summarized. The top 15 institutional contributors are also presented. Types of Hispanic subpopulations, topics of' articles, and regional representation are discussed. In addition, data are presented for top personal and institutional contributors for the book reviews published in this journal. Manuscript contributions came from a wide variety of institutions and individual authors. On the other hand, book reviews appeared to have a more narrow institutional and personal representation.
The Political Acculturation of Mexican American Adolescents
Authors: Alva Sylvia Alatorre
Published: March 2007

The political orientations of 150 Mexican American parochial high school students, between the ages of 16 and 18, were examined. Three dimensions of political orientations, affective, cognitive and behavioral, were examined within the context of both the American and Mexican political systems. Results indicate that acculturation plays an important role in mediating affective and cognitive political orientations. The profile of a low acculturated adolescent can be described as someone expressing more loyalty to the Mexican political system, less satisfaction with the United States' social achievements relative to Mexico, and less absolute satisfaction with the United States. A lower level of acculturation is also associated with more political knowledge about Mexican historical events and leaders. In regard to the behavioral component, affective experiences such as feelings of political inefficacy, absolute and relative satisfaction with the United States' achievements are good predictors of political orientations. This study challenges the assumption that political socialization follows a normal linear progression along an age continuum, irrespective of cultural allegiances and suggests the need to examine the effects of affective symbols on the political socialization process.
The Self-Monitoring Scale: A Factorial Comparison among Mexicans, Mexican Americans and Anglo Americans
Authors: Hosch Harmon M. , Marchioni Perry M.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the factorial structure of Snyder's (1974) Self-Monitoring Scale (SM) for Mexican, Mexican American, and Anglo American samples. The SM Scale was translated into Spanish and the adequacy of the translation determined. Responses to the SM Scale by 138 Mexican, 154 Mexican American, and 145 Anglo American undergraduates were factor analyzed separately and as a total sample. The data for the entire sample partially replicated the findings of Gabrenya and Arkin (1980). Clear differences in the structure of SM responses for the three Ethnic/National groups exist. The meaning of subjects' responses to SM items are thus culturally dependent, although means and standard deviations of SM responses did not differ among the three groups. These findings are discussed in terms of appropriate and inappropriate uses for the SM Scale in social-psychological research.
Sleep in Advanced Age: A Comparison of Mexican American and Anglo American Elderly
Authors: Domino George
Published: March 2007

A sleep questionnaire (SQ) was administered to a sample of 80 Mexican American and 80 Anglo elderly, ages 60 to 96. The two samples were equated on sex, age, and occupational level. Analysis of the 18 SQ scales indicated that twelve showed statistically significant differences between ethnic groups, and six between sexes. The Mexican American sample reported a poorer quality and longer latency of sleep, greater negative affect concerning dreams, longer sleep duration, less dream recall and vividness, more regularity of sleep, and more positive valence towards sleep. Females, more than males, characterized themselves as light sleepers, reported less positive quality and a longer latency of sleep, and endorsed items that reflect security, routine and privacy.
Impacts of Bilingual Education on Secondary School Grades, Attendance, Retentions and Drop-Out
Authors: Curiel Herman , Rosenthal James A. , Richek Herbert G.
Published: March 2007

Junior high and high school academic performance of two groups of students were compared in a quasi-experimental study. The experimental group students (N = 86) had received one or more years of bilingual instruction at the elementary level while the control group students (N = 90) had not participated in an elementary bilingual program. While differences in grade-point average (GPA) and absenteeism were small, the bilinguals were less likely to drop-out and experienced fewer retentions. Secondary analyses focused on the relationships within the experimental group between number of years enrolled in bilingual programs and secondary school outcomes. The relationships of number of years to ab-senteeism and to retention were quite weak. Important relationships between number of years and GPA and between number of years and drop-out were observed. As number of years increased, mean GPA in 7th, 8th and 9th grades increased and the probability of drop-out decreased.