bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognizing the impact of Samyoga Viruddha in clinical practice: A case report on Ayurvedic management of chronic urticaria
Authors: Jangid Sushil Kumar , Chhatbar Disha K. , Solanki Varsha R.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

The Ayurvedic concept of Samyoga Viruddha addresses the significant health risks associated with incompatible mixtures of substances, including food components, medications, and environmental factors. This concept is pivotal in understanding how these combinations can disrupt Doshic balance, leading to various health issues.

METHODS:

A case study was conducted involving a 38-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of intense itching, rashes, heartburn, dyspepsia, and abdominal heaviness. During history taking, it was revealed that the patient had recently consumed milk with meals followed by an over- the-counter pain reliever for a severe headache. As per Ayurvedic principles, this combination is considered incompatible and was believed to have destabilized the Pitta and Kapha Doshas, leading to the observed symptoms.

RESULTS:

The patient’s symptoms were successfully managed through a combination of Virechana (medication-induced purgation) and Shamana therapy (pacification of vitiated Doshas). The treatment effectively alleviated hyperacidity, poor digestion, fatigue, and urticaria, demonstrating the practical application of Ayurvedic principles in addressing Doshic imbalances.

CONCLUSION:

This case study illustrates the importance of recognizing and avoiding Samyoga Viruddha in clinical practice. By adhering to harmonious combinations, healthcare professionals and individuals can mitigate the adverse effects of incompatible substances, thereby promoting better health and vitality. The case also highlights the efficacy and affordability of Ayurvedic treatments like Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in managing conditions such as chronic urticaria.
Development of Amla Nutri-bar: Proximate analysis, gallic acid quantification and its validation through HPTLC, and spectroscopy
Authors: Mehere Nikhil , Kaushik Shreshtha , Upadhyay Mohit Kumar , Singh Divyani , Yadav Pramod , Galib R.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

“Ayush Ahara” confluences advanced food technology with Ayurveda to develop dietary products rooted in traditional medicine. Here, Amla (Indian gooseberry), a medicinal fruit well-known for its health benefits, was used to develop a novel dietary product—Amla Nutri-bar (ANB). Furthermore, this research aims to substantiate its therapeutic potential through quality control analysis.

METHODS:

Three batches of ANB were prepared at the pharmaceutical laboratory, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India. These were evaluated for sensory attributes using a 9-point hedonic scale and underwent physicochemical, phytochemical, total phenolic content, chromatographic, and spectroscopy assays.

RESULTS:

The sensory evaluation indicated positive feedback, with an overall acceptability score of 8, followed by taste and flavor rated at 7 Physiochemical constants included pH: 2.2, moisture: 11.48%w/w, total ash: 0.17%w/w, water-soluble extractive value: 88.4%w/w, and alcohol-soluble extractive value: 56.65%w/w. Phytochemical screening revealed that the product is rich in flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Nutritional composition per 100 g had energy: 373.76 kcal, proteins: 1.61%, carbohydrates: 88.59% by wt, dietary fiber: 2.72 g, total fat: 1.44%, vitamin C: 300.11 mg, vitamin A: 71.23 pg, iron: 5.63 mg, calcium: 126.69 mg, and potassium: 103.57 mg. Total phenolic content was 4.95 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, with gallic acid quantified at 270.4 μg/100 mg employing a validated high-performance thin layer chromatography method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of alcohol, phenol, and alkanes. All the tested pesticide residues were found below detection limits.

CONCLUSION:

ANB can be a food product that is, not delicious only but can also contribute significantly to overall health and well-being.
Ethnic fermented foods and beverages used by the tribal communities of Papum Pare and Lower Subansiri districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Bhardwaj Yashpal , Yehi Taba , Yugandhar Pulicherla , Srinivasulu Cheemanapalli , Meher Sudhanshu Kumar , Gammi Lemmem , Nagayya Shiddamallayya , Bhuyan Gurucharan , Tripathi Ashish Kumar
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

The North-Eastern Region of India, with its diverse ethnic culture and rich wild edible plant resources, has a long tradition of consuming fermented foods and beverages. This study attempts to document the traditional fermented food and beverages prepared by the tribal communities residing in Papum Pare and Lower Subansiri districts of Arunachal Pradesh India.

METHODS:

Field surveys were conducted in the villages and market areas of two districts of Arunachal Pradesh. In this study, face-to-face interviews were organized with the local inhabitants, and data were collected in a semi-structured questionnaire format. The documented fermented foods were meticulously categorized into different categories based on the ingredients involved in the preparation of each food recipe. During the documentation process, demographic data and details such as the local names of the recipes, ingredients, plant used, the local name of plant used, plant parts, shelf life, and a detailed step-by-step recipe preparation procedure were recorded.

RESULTS:

A total of 16 different fermented food products/dishes made up of bamboo shoots, soybean, and meat were documented along with six different local beverages made up of Oryza sativa L., Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., and Zea mays L. These fermented foods were not only consumed within households but were also commercialized in local markets generating revenue for local people.

CONCLUSION:

This study underscores that the ethnic communities of Arunachal Pradesh are utilizing plant resources in various forms. This research provides baseline data, which can serve as a valuable resource for, researchers, policymakers, and food enthusiasts interested in understanding and exploring the culinary traditions and nutritional potential of ethnic fermented food and beverages.
Unveiling Ayurveda Aahara and regulatory provisions
Authors: Srivastava Anupam , Swami Kanchan , Srivastava Kiran , Kotecha Mita , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: October 2024

Food is vital for human health, providing energy, nutrients, and other essential benefits. Ensuring food safety is of the utmost importance and crucial, as highlighted by the World Health Organization, for maintaining proper nutrition. Ayurveda, the oldest living holistic healthcare system, emphasizes equally on wellness as well as therapeutic aspects by proposing its unique dietetic principles (Aahara) as a probable solution. This could also be observed since the demand for plant-based Ayurvedafood products is surging substantially. To uphold quality, safety, standards, and efficacy in Ayurvedafood products, the Ministry of Ayush and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have taken the joint initiative to include a new category, that is, Ayurveda Aahara, under the ambit FSSAI regulations in May 2022. An attempt has been made to integrate Ayurveda food-related principles with contemporary scientific understanding within the regulatory framework, which is expected to strengthen India’s global position as a custodian of Ayurveda wellness practices through dietetics, thereby contributing toward United Nations Development Programme that is Sustainable development goals related to human health and wellbeing. In this manuscript, the data were collected from various online and offline sources.
Dietary therapeutics of rice and Ayurveda: A bird’s eye view
Authors: Tavhare Swagata Dilip , Chhaphekar Shreerang , Sawant Prajakta Dhairyashil
Published: October 2024

Rice is a major staple food and an ideal form of nutrition for all age groups from infants to old ages, in healthy as well as disease conditions, and during pregnancy and lactation phase of mother. Being rich in glycemic index (GI) and starch, the recent wave of dietetics is keeping caution on using rice, especially for people suffering from obesity, cancer, and diabetes. Ayurveda has described various recipes for rice along with its dietetics and therapeutic aspects. The paper presents classical review on various rice based preparations compiled from texts of Ayurveda and its nutritional importance derived on the basis of individual components from nutritional facts sheets. The classical review states that rice and its recipes have been mentioned as a therapeutic diet for the management of various disease conditions like fever, diarrhea, vomiting, insomnia, diabetes, obesity, and postpartum diseases. A total of 33 recipes, their preparation methods, processing, pharmacological actions, impact on digestion (13 recipes Guru and 8 recipes Laghu), therapeutic indications along with nutritional significance, and recent research studies have been discussed in this study. It is observed that, rice recipes are described in various combinations namely water, pulses, meat, vegetables, fruits, dry fruits, milk, sugar, ghee, curd, and millets. The preparation and processing methods impact starch content and GI. Various preparations of rice are indicated in disease conditions like piles, diarrhea, vomiting, hiccups, asthma, skin diseases, cold, diabetes, tuberculosis, bleeding disorder, edema, ascites, gouty arthritis, erysipelas, anemia, fever, and insomnia. It is also indicated for post-partum diseases and for improving lactation.
Artificial Neural Network-based Model for Predicting Cardiologists’ Over-apron Dose in CATHLABs
Authors: Fardid Reza , Farah Fatemeh , Parsaei Hossein , Rezaei Hadi , Jorat Mohammad Vahid
Published: October 2024

Aim:

The radiation dose that cardiologists receive in the catheterization laboratory is influenced by various factors. Handling high-stress tasks in interventional cardiology departments may cause physicians to overlook the use of dosimeters. Therefore, it is essential to develop a model for predicting cardiologists’ radiation exposure.

Materials and Methods:

This study developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the over-apron radiation dose received by cardiologists during catheterization procedures, using dose area product (DAP) values. Leveraging a validated Monte Carlo simulation program, we generated data from simulations with varying spectra (70, 81, and 90 kVp) and tube orientations, resulting in 125 unique scenarios. We then used these data to train a multilayer perceptron neural network with four input features: DAP, energy spectrum, tube angulation, and the resulting cardiologist’s dose.

Results:

The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy with a correlation coefficient (R-value) of 0.95 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.68 µSv, outperforming a traditional linear regression model, which had an R-value of 0.48 and an RMSE of 18.15 µSv. This significant improvement highlights the effectiveness of advanced techniques such as ANNs in accurately predicting occupational radiation doses.

Conclusion:

This study underscores the potential of ANN models for accurate radiation dose prediction, enhancing safety protocols, and providing a reliable tool for real-time exposure assessment in clinical settings. Future research should focus on broader validation and integration into real-time monitoring systems.
Effect of Kaishora Guggulu and Madhusnuhi Rasayana in the management of gout (Vatarakta): An open-label single-arm prospective study
Authors: Panda Purnendu , Bhuyan Guru Charan , Rao Meda Mrutyunjaya , Yadav Babita , Sharma Bhagwan Sahai , Khanduri Shruti , Rana Rakesh Kumar , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Vatarakta, also known as Adhayavata, is attributed to diverse etiological factors, such as imbalanced dietary practices, occupational factors, sedentary lifestyles, and environmental influences. The symptomatology of Vatarakta resembles that of gout in contemporary medicine. While nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), colchicine, and corticosteroids are used in acute management in conventional treatment, there is a growing recognition of the need for safer and more effective alternatives. Ayurvedic formulations, such as Kaishora Guggulu (KG) and Madhusnuhi Rasayana (MR) are used commonly in clinical practice for similar conditions, and they can be potentially validated for their therapeutic potential in gout.

OBJECTIVES:

The study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Ayurvedic formulations: KG and MR in the management of Vatarakta (gout).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted as an open-label single-arm prospective trial at the Central Research Institute for Hepatobiliary Disorders, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. A total of 68 patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for primary gouty arthritis set by the American College of Rheumatology were screened according to the selection criteria, with 55 ultimately participating in the study. The treatment protocol consisted of administering KG (1000 mg) and MR (10 g) twice daily after meals with lukewarm water for 12 weeks, followed by a 2-week follow-up period, without intervention. Clinical outcomes included evaluating changes in various parameters, including clinical assessment, 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) health survey score, patient’s global assessment score, physician global assessment score (Visual Analog Scale) score for pain, and serum uric acid levels from baseline to the 84th-day visit of the study.

RESULTS:

After 84 days of the study, statistically significant changes were found in clinical symptoms, joint pain, and SF-36 health survey parameters, including physical functioning, emotional well-being, social functioning, and general health (P < 0.0001). The mean serum uric acid at the baseline was 7.39 ± 0.55, which reduced to 5.35 ± 1.48 after treatment, which was significant (P < 0.0001). During the trial period, no adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSION:

Despite variations in demographics, such as gender, socioeconomic status, age groups, Prakriti, and geographic region, Ayurveda treatment exhibited a significant response, accompanied by a notable reduction in serum uric acid levels. The absence of adverse reactions throughout the trial period further supports the safety profile of these formulations. These positive outcomes advocate for the use of KG and MR in gout treatment regimens, offering patients a well-tolerated and beneficial therapeutic option.
Cardiac Myosin-binding Protein-C as a Biomarker in the Early Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Differentiation of Its Types
Authors: Hussein Ali Abdul Rasool , Issa Abdulkareem Hamadi , Al Shareeifi Abbas Naji Muslem
Published: October 2024

Background:

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is primarily caused by atherosclerotic lesions within the intima of coronary arteries and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the main acute clinical manifestation of CHD. The ACS is manifested in one of three subtypes and it is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The three subtypes of ACS include: acute myocardial infarction (MI) with the electrocardiogram (ECG) presenting ST-segment elevation (STEMI), MI with no ST-segment elevation on ECG (NSTEMI), and the third subtype is unstable angina (UA). The early diagnosis of is important in decreasing morbidity and mortality in ACS patients.

Objective:

To investigate the role of serum level of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyC), compared with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (hsCTn-I) in the early diagnosis of ACS and differentiation of its subtypes.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty patients (72 males and 48 females), aged ≥30 years selected from those who were admitted to emergency department (ED) of Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital and diagnosed with ACS by cardiologists. The duration between the onset of chest pain and admission to ED should not exceed 3 h in any cohort. Apparenty healthy subjects as controls group for the study were recruited from those who had no current illness, particularly CHD, no other systemic disease and each had a normal ECG. For each study subject, cMybp-C and hsCT-I serum levels on admission were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. For each ACS patient, serum level of hsCTn-I level was measured 3 h after admission.

Results:

The comparison of cMybp-C levels among study groups revealed an overall significant difference and on paired comparison of study groups, the cMybp-C mean level was significantly higher in each ACS subgroup than in controls group (P < 0.001), except in UA subgroup versus controls group. The cMybp-C levels showed a significant positive correlation with hsCT-I levels on admission in STEMI and NSTEMI subgroups but not in UA subgroup. The cMybp-C levels also showed a significant positive correlation with hscT-I levels 3 h after admission in STEMI and NSTEMI subgroups but not in UA subgroup. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cMybp-C level had a better diagnostic accuracy than hscTn-I on admission in differentiation of patients with “STEMI or NSTEMI” from those with UA or from controls.

Conclusion:

Serum cMybp-C mean level is significantly higher in ACS patients with STEMI and NSTEMI than in controls and the increase was more significant than hsCTn-I mean level on admission, so it could help the early diagnosis of ACS patients. The serum levels of cMybp-C also had a better diagnostic accuracy than hsCTn-I on admission in differentiation of ACS patients with STEMI or NSTEMI from those with UA or from controls.
Early visual and clinical outcomes of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy versus transepithelial keratectomy with smart pulse technology for myopia
Authors: Alkadi Turad , Alanazi Samar , Algwaiz Abdulrahman , Alyahya Salman , Binyousef Faris
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to compare early visual outcomes, epithelial healing, and stromal haze between transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans-PRK) using smart pulse technology (SPT) with traditional Trans-PRK.

METHODOLOGY:

This study is a retrospective, comparative study conducted at a private eye center in “Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,” investigating myopic patients who underwent either Trans-PRK with SPT (study group) or traditional Trans-PRK (control group). The patients were assessed preoperatively and followed up at 1 week and 2 months postoperatively. The main outcomes included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corneal haze, and corneal epithelial defect.

RESULTS:

This study included 501 eyes, of them, 222 eyes (44.3%) underwent Trans-PRK with SPT. The UDVA in the study group was significantly better 1 week postoperatively (P < 0.05). For the 2-month follow-up visits, there was no significant difference between the groups. Epithelium healing and stromal haze were comparable in the two groups without significant differences between them.

CONCLUSION:

Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy with SPT yielded better short-term visual outcomes than traditional Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy.
Managing surgical aphakia and posterior capsular rupture with suture-assisted intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Chandak Neha
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to describe a novel technique for implanting an intraocular lens (IOL) in the sulcus using a 10-0 nylon suture in cases of intraoperative posterior capsular rupture (PCR) with inadequate capsular support, anterior capsular extension during continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis extending to the posterior capsule, or posttraumatic cataract.

METHODS:

The study included 52 patients who underwent surgery at our hospital, during which an IOL was implanted with the assistance of a 10-0 nylon suture. All patients completed a 1-year follow-up period.

RESULTS:

In 48 of the 52 patients, the IOL remained stable. However, in two patients, the IOL dropped into the vitreous cavity approximately 1-month postsurgery. These two individuals required IOL explantation, pars plana vitrectomy, and secondary IOL (SFIOL) implantation.

CONCLUSION:

Implanting an IOL in cases involving intraoperative PCR with inadequate capsular support, anterior capsular extension to the posterior capsule during continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis, or posttraumatic cataract can be challenging. The technique of IOL implantation with the assistance of a 10-0 nylon suture, as described in this study, offers a straightforward and safe approach. In addition, it can help alleviate the financial and psychological trauma associated with a second surgery for both the patient and the surgeon.
Four-port bimanual phaco-chop fragmentation for dropped nucleus using standard phaco chopper and assistant handheld 23G endoilluminator
Authors: Dhoot Sanjeev Kumar
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE:

To describe a bimanual method for management of posteriorly dislocated large nucleus fragment using standard chopper.

METHODS:

A 23G assistant handheld endoilluminator was used as light source through inferonasal self-sealing port, while the large nuclear fragment was broken into smaller fragments using phacofragmatome and standard phaco chopper.

RESULTS:

A case of posteriorly dislocated large nuclear fragment was operated using this technique. The time taken for phacofragmentation was significantly reduced, as well as the ultrasound energy required for the same. There was no port site complication.

CONCLUSION:

This technique allows greater maneuverability and reduces amount of ultrasound energy used by dividing nucleus into small fragments in vitreous cavity.
The hidden crisis: Volatile inhalant substance use disorders in adolescents from Cuttack’s urban slums: A case series
Authors: Satpathy Tapendra Kumar , Sahoo Ashrumochan , Sahoo Amiya Ranjan , Dash Aniket , Nayak Mihir Ranjan
Published: October 2024

Substance abuse has been defined as the use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes to achieve alterations in psychological functioning. The substances commonly abused in India include nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and opioids. However, the use of solvents and propellants is also on the rise as these are inexpensive, legally available household, industrial, office, and automobile products; which are more commonly available to children and adolescents. Organic solvents are cheap and relatively easy to obtain, so they carry the risk of becoming a “gateway drug” for users. We hereby describe three cases of volatile substance abuse in the slum areas of Cuttack who were reported in our medical college.
The role of pollen and NPP research in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Neolithic archaeological site “Gorjani-Topole” (Slavonia region, eastern Croatia)
Authors:   Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Hruševar Dario , Bakrač Koraljka ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Mitić Božena ,   Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Baniček Ivona ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Šošić Klindžić Rajna ,   Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Archaeology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

The palynological study of eight samples from the Gorjani-Topole archaeological site was conducted with the aim of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. In total, 44 different palynomorphs were recorded: 12 pollen taxa, 23 fungal spores/remains, four algal cysts, one amoebae and four palynomorphs of unknown origin. Among the non-pollen palynomorphs, Chomotriletes (previously Pseudoschizaea) occurred with the greatest frequency and abundance. The low pollen richness accompanied by the presence of only a few sporopolleninrich pollen types indicates unfavourable preservation conditions in the analysed core samples. The dominance of erosion/desiccation indicators supports the scenario of significant oscillations of the hydrological level in the sediments, with periodic drying of the substrate. Although the interpretation of changes in plant cover, due to the reduced pollen spectrum, is not feasible, it is still possible to indicate paleoecological trends and partially interpret them, considering the indicator value of the few preserved palynomorphs. The findings of cultivated grass pollen (Cerealia) and other anthropogenic indicators including weed pollen (Convolvulus arvensis) are of great importance. Moreover, Riccia moss spores or fungal Epicoccum spores could also indicate the anthropogenic impact on the study area.
Seasonality in cave dripwater and air properties – implications for speleothem palaeoclimatology, Nova Grgosova Cave (Croatia)
Authors:   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Bajo Petra , Briški Maja ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Benutić Anica ,   Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia, Piplica Aneta ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, Brčić Vlatko ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Marciuš Bernardo ,   Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia, Palatinuš Iva ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Stroj Andrej ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2024

Due to the wealth of climate-sensitive properties, speleothems have been propelled into prominence as one of the most powerful continental archives of past climate changes. However, the multitude of processes that operate in the unsaturated karst zone and in the cave atmosphere can make palaeoclimate interpretations of the speleothem proxies challenging and site specific. Hence, to better understand the climate-proxy relationship, cave monitoring studies are usually undertaken. Here, we present the first results of an ongoing cave monitoring study in the Nova Grgosova Cave in Croatia covering an eighteen-month long monitoring period. The driving mechanisms for Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variability in dripwater samples that feed ten stalagmites are discussed. The results reveal high variability in infiltration among the monitored sites as well as strong seasonal variability in cave air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. A strong positive correlation between dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca suggests that prior calcite precipitation (PCP) is taking place at this site affecting the chemical composition of dripwater. Principal component analysis furthermore reveals that dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are in strong negative correlation with cave air CO2 concentrations, while there is a weak correlation with dripwater quantity. Cave ventilation is a primary process leading to the PCP at the Nova Grgosova Cave. The seasonality revealed in this study suggests the possibility that the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratio in the speleothems from this cave site can be used to aid seasonal reconstructions of past climate conditions in central Croatia and beyond.
Ichnotaxonomy of microboring traces in marine aphotic depths
Authors:   Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA, Golubić Stjepko , Radtke Gudrun ,   Hessisches Landesamt für Naturschutz, Umwelt und Geologie, Wiesbaden, Germany, Hook James E. ,   Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Campbell Susan E. ,   Quincy, MA 02169, USA
Published: October 2024

Microboring traces in carbonate skeletal fragments deposited in aphotic depths of the oceans are studied, evaluated, and described with respect to their marine ecology and palaeoecology as well as ichnotaxonomy. Sand-size deep sea sediment particles dredged from depths ranging between 600 and 3266 m of the Bermuda Pedestal, Central Atlantic Ocean, the Florida Escarpment, the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean were studied. Following ichnological rules, trace fossils are described as ichnogenera and ichnospecies, defined as products of organismal behaviour. This, in our view, refers to the growth habit of microboring organisms in response to environmental stimuli within the substrate they penetrate. The problem of palaeobathymetry is discussed in conjunction with the distinction between light-dependent and light independent microboring organisms, with the emphasis on the latter. We considered this distinction to be important because only the light-dependent microborers have been recognized as indicators of ancient depositional depths, whereas the light-independent ones are expected to occur at any depth, subject to the availability of organic nutrients. Microboring organisms often leave morphologically similar traces due to convergent evolution. Their responses may change during their life cycle; they may produce different traces when pursuing their vegetative vs. reproductive functions. New ichnotaxa are described. All are regarded as organotrophs given their aphotic zone deep sea origin. This work presents the most complete set of deep sea microbial euendolith traces, to date.
Advances in beyond total mesorectal excision surgery: Behind the scenes
Authors: Peltrini Roberto
Published: October 2024

The management of locally advanced rectal cancer involving adjacent organs and extending beyond the surgical planes of total mesorectal excision has evolved over the past few decades both in terms of the effectiveness of preoperative treatments and surgical innovation. The use of a robotic platform is increasing, even in complex surgery such as pelvic exenteration together with the advantages of minimally invasive procedures. However, satisfactory surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes are achieved not only minimizing the impact of a demolitive surgery but also when a multidisciplinary specialized team focuses on experienced surgeons, mandatory rules of surgical oncology, appropriate medical treatments, accurate preoperative planning, and an acceptable quality of life.
Effect of surgical timing on postoperative outcomes in patients with acute cholecystitis after delayed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage
Authors: Gao Wei , Zheng Jun , Bai Ji-Gang , Han Zhao
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

To date, the optimal timing for percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD), particularly for patients who have missed the optimal window for emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) (within 72 hours of symptom onset) has not been determined.

AIM

To study the effects of LC timing on outcomes of grade II/III acute cholecystitis (AC) in patients with delayed PTGBD.

METHODS

Data of patients diagnosed with Tokyo Guidelines 2018 grade II or III AC who underwent delayed PTGBD followed by LC at a single hospital between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively studied. According to the interval between gallbladder drainage and cholecystectomy, the patients were divided into early and delayed LC groups. Outcomes including surgery time, postoperative complications and hospital stay, and patient satisfaction were analyzed and compared between the two groups using t - and χ 2 tests.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative abdominal drainage tube placement time, pain index, or total disease duration (all P > 0.05). Compared with those of the early LC group, the delayed group showed significant decreases in the length of procedure (surgery time), conversion rate to open surgery, degree of adhesions, surgical complications, postoperative hospital stay, and total treatment costs, and increased patient satisfaction despite a longer interval before PTGBD (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

For patients with grade II/III AC with delayed PTGBD, LC should be performed 2 weeks after PTGBD to decrease postoperative complications and hospital stays and improve patient satisfaction.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage vs percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography failure
Authors: Zhao He , Zhang Xiao-Wu , Song Peng , Li Xiao
Published: October 2024

In a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery , a meta-analysis investigated the safety and efficacy of electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (ECE-LAMS) implantation for managing malignant biliary obstruction following failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. This manuscript endeavors to offer a comprehensive look at the progression of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) technologies, weighing their merits and drawbacks against traditional percutaneous methods. Several meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials have compared the performance of EUS-BD and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD). These studies revealed that the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and adverse events were similar between EUS-BD and PTCD. Nevertheless, given that most of these studies predate 2015, the safety and effectiveness of novel EUS-BD techniques, including ECE-LAMS, compared with those of percutaneous biliary drainage remain elusive. Further investigation is imperative to ascertain whether these novel EUS-BD techniques can safely and efficaciously replace conventional percutaneous therapeutic approaches.
Preoperative malnutrition in elderly gastric cancer patients and adverse postoperative outcomes of radical gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Shan-Shan , Wang Liang
Published: October 2024

Malnutrition is not only a prevalent condition among the elderly but also a common comorbidity in elderly people with gastric cancer (GC). Malnutrition is closely linked to high rates of postoperative complications and poor wound healing in elderly GC patients, which may lead to a higher incidence and mortality rate of GC. Malnutrition decreases the physical function of elderly GC patients after surgery, severely affecting their postoperative life quality and hindering subsequent treatments. This retrospective study was conducted by Zhao et al , focusing on the clinical baseline data, postoperative complications, and hospitalization times of elderly GC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. Additionally, the underlying causes of poor outcomes for patients were discussed. This study may provide a solid basis for the clinical treatment of elderly GC patients in the future. Therefore, malnutrition can serve as a negative prognostic factor for curative surgery in GC patients. Addressing malnutrition and its adverse effects can benefit elderly GC patients from surgical treatment.
Living biodrugs and how tissue source influences mesenchymal stem cell therapeutics for heart failure
Authors: Shah Siddharth , Nawaz Huzaifa Sabir , Qazi Muhammad Saeed , Jain Hritvik , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: October 2024

In this editorial we comment on the article by Safwan M et al . We especially focused on the cardiac function restoration by the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy for heart failure (HF), which has emerged as a new treatment approach as “Living Biodrugs”. HF remains a significant clinical challenge due to the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively, despite advancements in medical and device-based therapies. MSCs have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, offering benefits beyond traditional treatments through their ability to modulate inflammation, reduce fibrosis, and promote endogenous tissue regeneration. MSCs can be derived from various tissues, including bone marrow and umbilical cord. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs exhibit superior expansion capabilities, making them an attractive option for HF therapy. Conversely, bone marrow-derived MSCs have been extensively studied for their potential to improve cardiac function but face challenges related to cell retention and delivery. Future research is focusing on optimizing MSC sources, enhancing differentiation and immune modulation, and improving delivery methods to overcome current limitations.
Cardiac hypertrophy in polycythemia vera: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ma Bai-Sheng , Zhai Shu-Hui , Chen Wei-Wei , Zhao Qi-Ni
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The combination of polycythemia vera (PV) with pathological cardiac hypertrophy is uncommon. In this study, we describe a case of PV accompanied by pathological cardiac hypertrophy. It is hypothesized that the pronounced cardiac hypertrophy in this patient has a strong connection with PV.

CASE SUMMARY

In 2021, a 34-year-old Chinese man experienced chest constriction, shortness of breath, and palpitations during vigorous activity. Each episode lasted several minutes and resolved spontaneously following cessation of vigorous activity. He occasionally experienced syncope and vertigo without a headache. He underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and was diagnosed with “hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)”. He was discharged after receiving symptomatic treatment, which resulted in an improvement. He presented to our department with chest constriction, shortness of breath, and respiratory distress for one month while climbing to the second floor in 2023. His blood pressure was 180/100 mmHg at the time of admittance, and he was receiving antihypertensive treatment. He had a history of PV for 2 years without treatment. Symptomatic treatment was implemented concurrently with the administration of hydroxyurea upon admission. Good blood pressure control was observed during the long-term follow-up, and echocardiography did not reveal any progression of myocardial hypertrophy.

CONCLUSION

Clinicians managing PV patients should remain highly vigilant regarding the risks of thrombosis and cardiovascular complications, particularly in those with refractory hypertension.
Hedef Takibinde Kestirim Filtre Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması: Bir Durum Çalışması
Authors: Duymaz Erol , Çetinkaya Ömer Faruk
Published: October 2024

Günümüzde hedef takibi bir çok alanda özellikle savunma sanayi çalışmalarında önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Takip edilen hedefin konumu, hızı, yönü ile hedefe atış planlanıyor ise atış sisteminin hareket açısı ve hızı gibi parametreler önem arz eder. Hedef takibinde konum-hız, yönelim gibi bilgilerin kestiriminde en eski çözümler alfa-beta ve alfa-beta-gama filtreleridir. Bu filtreler uygulama ve hesaplama kolaylığı özellikleri sebebiyle bir süre ilgi görmüştür. Uyarlamalı olmayan bu yapılar, değişen koşullara göre parametrelerini değiştiremediklerinden filtreleme katsayıları sabittir, probleme göre uyarlamalı-dinamik hale getirilmeleri gerekebilir. Bu nedenle Kalman tabanlı filtre yaklaşımları hedef takibinde zamanla başka bir çözüm olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, sözü geçen filtre algoritmaları örnek bir durum çalışması üzerinden performans karşılaştırılmasına tabi tutulmuş, benzetim sonuçlarına göre üstünlük ve birbirlerinden farklılıkları vurgulanmıştır.
A ninth-order first derivative method for numerical integration
Authors: Akinola Richard , Omole Ezekiel , Sunday Joshua , Kutchin Stephen
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a ninth–order block hybrid method for the numerical solution of stiff and non–stiff systems of first–order differential equations. The method is based on an interpolation and collocation approach which results in a single continuous formulation; from which eight discrete schemes that make the block method were obtained. A convergence analysis of our method illustrated that it is A–stable, consistent, and convergent. We applied our method to some numerical examples which showed that the new method not only outperformed a second derivative method of order fourteen in the literature but also compared well with the exact solution.
About the benefits and harms of philosophy for life
Authors: Mojsić Sofija
Published: October 2024

This paper reconsiders the useful and detrimental aspects of philosophy for life, both individual and general, collective, social one. The author is doing this by putting forward her initial total life disappointments in the great traditional classical philosophy whose culmination is Hegel’s philosophy, but she also puts forward the way how she has managed to surpass that and such great and long crisis in her own life, both professional, philosophical and personal, emotional one. The author began to change her attitude to philosophy essentially when the tragedy of the destruction of the former Yugoslavia began together with the emergent civil war as one of its consequences. Only then she really understood the whole relevance of Hegel’s philosophy and his stressing of recollection and acquirement of the individual and collective historical selfconsciousness as essence of philosophy. The study of Mihail Bahtin about Rabelais had an important role in her accepting of free erotic body as a solution for the modern impasse of total domination of the concept and phenomenon of work and work ethics. The book The Culture of Narcissism by Lasch has had a great role in the author’s understanding of important and lasting value of the modern work ethics, order, discipline and responsibility. Finally, the author agrees with Nietzsche that both history and philosophy should encourage human capacity for acting and general life activity together with the complete loyalty both to veracity and truth.
Gadamer’s rehabilitation of prejudice, authority and tradition
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Serbia, Milić Aleksandar
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to show how Gadamer highlights the importance that prejudices, authorities and tradition play in the hermeneutic experience, but also to critically review his reasons in support of his position to base his philosophical hermeneutics through them. What Gadamer tries to show with his theory is that prejudices, authorities, and tradition are closely related to many other phenomena that arise during a deeper consideration of interpretation and understanding in general, and which must not be overlooked during this consideration. In the paper, I will first present Gadamer’s motivation for restoring the neutral status of prejudices and placing them in the foundations of his philosophical hermeneutics, then I will present some of the consequences that this understanding has for the hermeneutic procedure, and finally I will show how Gadamer’s understanding of authority and tradition derives from prior examination of prejudice status
Nutrisi Pre Operasi dan Post Operasi pada Pasien Ginekologi Yang Mengalami Keganasan dan Yang Tidak Mengalami Keganasan
Authors: Anissa Dita Fitri
Published: October 2024

Persiapan praoperasi yang melibatkan persiapan pasien secara nutrisi dan fisik sebelum operasi, telah semakin mendapatkan pengakuan sebagai metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil bedah. Perbedaan asuhan nutrisi pada pasien ginekologi yang mengalami keganasan dan yang tidak mengalami keganasan cukup signifikan, karena kondisi kanker membawa kompleksitas tambahan dalam manajemen nutrisi. Pedoman Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) merekomendasikan untuk meminimalkan puasa praoperasi, menyediakan pemulihan karbohidrat, dan memulai pemulihan nutrisi pascaoperasi lebih awal. Namun, skrining sistematis dan dukungan nutrisi khusus untuk pasien yang ginekologi keganasan dan tidak keganasan tidak secara khusus direkomendasikan dalam pedoman ini. Pada pasien ginekologi dengan keganasan, tujuan utama dari asuhan nutrisi adalah untuk mendukung pemulihan pascaoperasi sambil mengatasi tantangan khusus terkait kanker. Pasien dengan keganasan memerlukan pemantauan nutrisi yang lebih intensif, termasuk evaluasi berkala terhadap status nutrisi mereka dan dampak terapi kanker pada asupan nutrisi. Pada pasien ginekologi tanpa keganasan manajemen nutrisi pascaoperasi umumnya lebih fokus pada pemulihan dari operasi dan dukungan nutrisi dasar. Manfaat terapi nutrisi praoperatif untuk pasien dengan risiko nutrisi berat ditemukan membantu proses pemulihan pasien. asien dengan risiko nutrisi berat harus menerima terapi nutrisi sebelum menjalani operasi besar, termasuk operasi kanker. Perencanaan nutrisi setelah operasi harus terus disesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis pasien. Jika pasien mengalami gangguan pencernaan atau risiko tinggi malnutrisi, pendekatan nutrisi harus mencakup penilaian rutin dan penyesuaian rencana nutrisi berdasarkan kemajuan pasien dan respons terhadap terapi.
Determinan Penerimaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 di Wilayah Desa Cisimeut Baduy Kabupaten Lebak
Authors: Alfia Rival , Sjaaf Amal Chalik , Vionalita Gisely , Zelfino Zelfino , Handayani Rini
Published: October 2024

Penelitian dilakukan mengenai status vaksinasi covid-19 telah dilakukan di RT 02 RW04 Desa Cisimeut Kec Leuwidamar Kab Lebak Tahun 2022 diperoleh 61 dari 101 masyarakat (38%) tidak menerima vaksinasi Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status vaksinasi covid-19 di RT 02 RW 04 Desa Cisimeut Kec Leuwidamar Kab Lebak Tahun 2022. Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialah cross sectional dengan besar sampel 162 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan simple random sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel dengan analisis data univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara mengocok secara acak penduduk di RT 02 yang terdiri dari 275 penduduk. Adapun hasil univariat menunjukkan proporsi tertinggi yaitu dengan status telah di vaksinasi Covid-19 (62%), pendidikan tinggi (68%), pekerjaan (72%), tingkat pengetahuan (58%), aksesibilitas tidak baik (100%), dan peran tenaga kesehatan (65%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan (PR = 5.9; 95% CI = 3.7-9.5), pekerjaan (PR = 4.8; 95% CI = 3.2-7.2) dengan status vakinasi Covid-19 di RT 02 RW 04 Desa Cisimeut Kec Leuwidamar Kab Lebak Tahun 2022. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan dengan status vaksinasi covid-19 di RT 02 RW 04 Desa Cisimeut Kec Leuwidamar Kab Lebak. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, aksesibilitas, dan peran tenaga kesehatan dengan status vaksinasi covid-19 di RT 02 RW 04 Desa Cisimeut Kec Leuwidamar Kab Lebak. Sebaiknya aparatur pemerintah serta masyarakat di RT 02 RW 04 Desa Cisimeut Kec Leuwidamar Kab Lebak mengajak, mengimbau untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, peduli dan menjaga fasilitas, sarana prasarana pendidikan yang telah tersedia di lingkungan sekitar untuk peningkatan mutu pendidikan yang lebih baik, serta menyarankan masyarakat yang tidak bisa melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi untuk tetap dapat belajar, meningkatkan pengetahuannya dengan meningkatkan literasi, juga mengadakan kegiatan peningkatan keterampilan, meningkatkan lapangan pekerjaan, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat.
The Mexican Native Primates from the Comparative Psychology Point of View: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Reynoso Cruz José Eduardo , Sanchez Solano Karem Guadalupe , Ramírez-Torres Carlos Eduardo , Hernández- Salazar Laura Teresa
Published: October 2024

Primates have been studied extensively to understand their behavior and the mechanisms that allow information processing. However, when we closely analyze the species studied and the different projects and topics carried out with them, we found that some species have been highly studied, while others have only a few studies. These differences create a significant underrepresentation of some primate species that could be especially problematic when we use the available information to track the evolution and the diversification of behavior and the mechanisms for information processing. With this in mind, this review aims to show the state-of-the-art of different topics studied in Mexican primates and identify topics that could be studied in the future. The review also aims to demonstrate why working with native species is a path that many low- and middle-income countries like Mexico can follow to develop research programs in their homelands.