bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Techniques for the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder from Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Periyasamy R , Vibashan VS , Varghese George T , Aleem MA
Published: December 2021

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disease commonly seen in children and it is diagnosed via extensive interview procedures, behavioral studies, third-party observations, and comprehensive personal history. ADHD causes regional atrophy in brain regions and alters the pattern of functional brain connectivity networks. Automated/computerized methods based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can replace subjective methods for the identification of ADHD.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to analyze various machine-learning algorithms for ADHD by feeding in vital input features extracted from functional brain connectivity and different existing methods and to review factors crucial for the diagnosis of ADHD.

Methods:

This paper is a concise review of machine learning methods for the diagnosis of ADHD from MRI. Techniques for feature extraction, dimensionality reduction/feature selection, and classification, employed in the computerized techniques for the diagnosis of ADHD from MRI and the accuracy of classification offered by the individual methods, are focussed on the review.

Conclusions:

Machine learning algorithms with features of functional brain connectivity networks as input, with hierarchical sparse feature elimination, exhibits the highest accuracy. Augmentation of the behavioral features does not contribute much to increased accuracy. The level of accuracy offered by the frameworks meant for the computer-aided diagnosis of ADHD, available in the literature, does not justify their feasibility in clinical practice. Computerized methods that exploit highly specific biomarkers of ADHD like brain iron concentration in Globus Pallidus, Putamen, Caudate nucleus, and thalamus as features are not available.
Effect of Low-Dose Naltrexone on Egyptian Children with Intractable Epilepsy
Authors: Abokrysha Noha T. , Kishk Nirmeen A. , Nawito Amani M. , Mounir Nesma
Published: December 2021

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting 50 million patients worldwide, in need of continuous treatment, while 30% of them are refractory to treatment. Despite multiple antiepileptic drugs are available for the treatment of epilepsy, still refractory epilepsy especially in children represents a social burden in developing countries. Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) has been proposed as an immune modulator in multiple diseases and proved benefit especially in diseases with immune dysregulation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of LDN in the treatment of children with intractable epilepsy and discuss its potential role in epileptogenesis process.
Far Lateral Craniotomy for Obliteration of High-Risk Craniocervical Junction Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Agnoletto Guilherme J , Fredrickson Vance L , Hollon Todd C , Couldwell William T
Published: December 2021

Background and Introduction:

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are a rare pathology with a clinical presentation related to their anatomical location. Craniocervical junction (CCJ) dAVFs are challenging to treat given the delicate structures that surround the CCJ. Endovascular treatment has evolved significantly in the past decade, but open microsurgery remains an invaluable tool for this pathology.

Objective:

To demonstrate the step-by-step elements of the far lateral approach for microsurgical ligation of CCJ dAVF.

Surgical Technique:

A retroauricular incision is created, extending down the neck, and the suboccipital triangle muscles are dissected, exposing the posterior arch of C1. The vertebral artery (VA), as well as its entrance point in the dura, is also dissected and exposed. Next, a C1 hemilaminectomy is performed, followed by a suboccipital craniectomy and drilling of the posteromedial portion of the condyle. The dura is opened behind the VA entrance in the dura, and the intradural VA is exposed. Once the fistula is identified, a temporary clip is placed on the draining vein. Indocyanine green video angiography is used to confirm that there is no further connection; the clip is then removed and the fistula obliterated. The dura is closed in a watertight fashion with a fat bolster to prevent a pseudomeningocele.

Results:

Postoperative angiogram showed complete resolution of the pathology. The patient was discharged neurologically intact on postoperative day 4.

Conclusions:

Microsurgical obliteration of CCJ dAVFs can be achieved safely and efficiently through a far lateral approach.
Gravity Assisted Retraction Less Occipito Transtentorial and Trans-Splenial Approach for Posterior Third Ventricular Dermoid
Authors: Sardhara Jayesh , Kumar Ashutosh , Srivastava Arun K , Nangarwal Bhawan , Behari Sanjay
Published: December 2021

Background and Introduction:

A dermoid is an inclusion cyst. Its presence in the posterior third ventricle is highly infrequent. It usually compresses rather than infiltrates the posterior third ventricle's anatomical structures due to a well-defined capsule. Hence, the surgical anatomy in these tumors is less distorted. The approach to the posterior third ventricular tumors depends upon their relation to the galenic venous complex.

Objective:

This video abstract presents a case of the posterior third ventricular dermoid operated by gravity-assisted retraction less occipito transtentorial combined with the trans-splenial approach.

Surgical Technique:

A 36-year-old gentleman presented with a headache without any neurological deficits; the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined heterogeneous lesion in the posterior third ventricular region. It was mainly toward the right side, just beneath the splenium, pushing the galenic venous system downward. This made the occipital transtentorial approach favorable as it required the least vessel handling. A right parieto-occipital craniotomy was performed. The patient was placed in a lateral semi-prone position with the head slightly rotated toward the right side with a slight neck extension. This allowed the right occipital lobe to fall away from the Falco-tentorial junction. With sharp dissection, an inter-Rosenthal corridor was made. But as the tumor was higher up in the posterior third ventricle, it was modified to another trans-splenial corridor. Near-total excision was achieved with a thin capsule left attached to the vein of Galen. The capsule was thick, filled with a cheesy white material, and a calcified sebaceous lump within. The postoperative scan showed no residual tumor.

Results:

The patient had improvement in the headache. There were no field cuts. The histopathology was suggestive of a dermoid cyst.

Conclusions:

Dermoid cysts of the posterior third ventricular region are rare, and judicious surgical decisions result in better outcomes.
Correlation of Positive End-Expiratory and Intracranial Pressure Using the Ultrasonographic-Guided Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Gupta Neha , Singh Vipin K , Jafa Shobhna
Published: December 2021

Background:

In brain injury patients, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may potentially increase the intracranial pressure (ICP). ICP can be noninvasively assessed from the sonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). Herein, we aim to evaluate the association between PEEP and ICP via measuring ONSD in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.

Methods:

TBI patients with age ≥18 years, severe brain injury (GCS 8 or less), receiving mechanical ventilation, initial PEEP ≤4 mmHg and no history of severe cardiopulmonary disease were included in this study. Patients with intracranial hypertension (defined as ICP >20 mmHg) and already receiving PEEP >15 cm H2O at enrollment were excluded from the study. ONSD measurement was performed when hemodynamic parameters were most stable. Variables included central venous pressure, invasive blood pressure, heart rate, saturation, and ventilator parameters.

Results:

The ONSD and ICP did not increase significantly while PEEP increased from 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm H2O. However, ONSD and ICP significantly increased when PEEP increased from 10–15 cm H2O. There was no significant difference noted while comparing measurements of optic nerve sheath (ONS) diameter in both eyes at all PEEP values in cases as well as control patients. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased with an increase in PEEP value. Highly significant decrease occurred in MAP change from PEEP 10–15 in cases (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The PEEP up to 10 cm H2O can be safely applied in patients with TBI. In addition, the increment of PEEP might further increase the oxygenation, at the cost of ICP accentuation.
A prospective randomized controlled study on scheduled PDE5i and vacuum erectile devices in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after nerve sparing prostatectomy
Authors: Zhang Ming , Che Ji-Zhong , Liu Yi-Dong , Wang Hong-Xiang , Huang Yan-Ping , Lv Xiang-Guo , Liu Wei , Lu Mu-Jun
Published: December 2021

Cavernous nerve injury is an important cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). Although protective nerve technology has been widely used in nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP), the incidence of ED is still very high after surgery. The purpose of our study was to evaluate erectile function (EF) and penile length in the non-erectile state (PLNES) following scheduled phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), vacuum erectile device (VED) treatment, and combination therapy after nsRP. One hundred patients with localized prostate cancer and normal EF were randomized to scheduled PDE5i group, VED treatment group, a combined treatment group, and the control group without any intervention. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores and PLNES were evaluated after 6 months and 12 months of treatment. Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP-Question 2 and SEP-Question 3) were evaluated after 12 months of treatment. Ninety-one of the 100 randomized patients completed the study. We found that the 5 mg tadalafil once a day (OaD) combined with VED can help improve IIEF-5 scores in nsRP patients after both 6 months and 12 months. VED alone or combined with tadalafil OaD can help patients maintain PLNES. VED combined with tadalafil OaD can improve the rate of successful penetration (SEP-Question 2) after 12 months. There were no significant differences in the return to target EF after 12 months among the groups. No significant correlation was noted between the variables and return to target EF (IIEF ≥ 17), and between the variables and effective shortening of the patient's penis (shortening ≥ 1 cm) after 12 months of intervention.
Feasibility of the Transseptal Approach for Mapping and Ablation in Patients with Ventricular Aneurysm-Related Ventricular Tachycardia with a Steerable Sheath
Authors: Chen Lian , Tang Min , Ren Xiaoqing , Fang Pihua , Zhang Jingtao , Feng Tianjie , Zhai Zhengqin , Dong Xiaonan , Zhang Shu
Published: December 2021

Background:

A retrograde transaortic access might be limited in mapping and ablation for some left ventricular (LV) arrhythmias. We examined the feasibility and safety of a transseptal approach for catheter ablation of LV aneurysm (LVA)-related ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Subjects and Methods:

Five consecutive patients with postinfarction LVA-related VT were selected for catheter ablation at Fuwai Hospital from April 2011 to October 2015 in this retrospective study. After a routine transaortic LV-mapping approach was failed, a transseptal approach with a steerable sheath was performed in all these cases. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital (approval No. 2016-768) on May 24, 2016.

Results:

In these five patients, four had LVAs located in the LV apical area, and one in the septum. Acute ablation successes were all failed to achieve through the transaortic route. Two were due to aortic stenosis and tortuous peripheral arteries and the others were due to failure to target the effective sites. While all ablation procedures succeeded through the sequent transseptal approach with a steerable sheath, and no major complications related to the transseptal approach were reported. During the 12-month (10–12 months) follow-up, no electrical storm or episode of VT was documented. One VT recurrence occurred, yet acute success was obtained again through the transseptal approach.

Conclusions:

Transseptal approach appears a feasible, safe, and effective method in catheter ablation for VT with LVA and could be considered as an elective approach.
Demonstration of Double-Wave-Like Reentry Using Activation and Propagation Map in a Patient with Atrial Flutter and Previous Atrial Septal Defect Surgery
Authors: Kanjwal Khalil , Kichloo Asim , Haji Abdul Qadir
Published: December 2021

Three-dimensional electroanatomic maps have revolutionized the management of complex arrhythmia. By providing a visual display of various arrhythmia mechanisms these maps have not only helped with the mechanism of the tachycardia but also allowed for precise localization of the critical isthmus. Herein, we present an interesting propagation map of a 55-year-old female with scar-related right-sided atrial flutter. The propagation map helped in localizing the critical isthmus and subsequent successful ablation.
Predictive factors for high-flow nasal cannula failure in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in an intensive care unit
Authors: Lun Chung-Tat , Leung Chi-Kin , Shum Hoi-Ping , So Sheung-On
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective:

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), a relatively new technique in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), is gaining popularity in intensive care units (ICUs). Our study aims to identify the predictive factors for failure of HFNC.

Materials and Methods:

This is a 5-year retrospective cohort study in patients with AHRF using HFNC in an ICU of a regional hospital in Hong Kong. The primary outcome is to identify the predictive factors for failure of HFNC which is defined as escalation of treatment to noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death.

Results:

Of the 124 ICU patients with AHRF, 69 (55.65%) failed in the use of HFNC. The patients failing HFNC had higher Acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV scores, lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores, lower platelet counts and serum sodium levels upon ICU admission, and higher pH on day of HFNC commencement. They had higher respiratory rates before HFNC and higher heart rates before and 1 h after HFNC. The respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index which is defined as a ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate was significantly lower in the failure group 1 h and 12 h after HFNC. By multivariate binary logistic regression, failure of HFNC is associated with lower ROX index at 12 h after HFNC.

Conclusion:

ROX index at 12 h serves as a valuable tool to monitor the responsiveness to HFNC treatment. Close monitoring is required to identify patient failing using HFNC.
A rare case of hemoptysis
Authors: Datta Ananda , Ghosh Sudip , Mohapatra Prasanta Raghab
Published: December 2021

A 39-year-old nonsmoker male presented with complaints of cough with recurrent mild hemoptysis. Computed tomography of thorax showed nodular lesions on the right lateral wall of trachea. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy revealed multiple nodular lesions on the right lateral wall of lower one-third of trachea. Histopathological examination of biopsy specimen from the nodules was suggestive of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica which is an uncommon airway disorder.
Clinical features, demography, and predictors of outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection at a tertiary care hospital in India: A cohort study
Authors: Elavarasi Arunmozhimaran , Sagiraju Hari Krishna Raju , Garg Rohit Kumar , Ratre Brajesh , Sirohiya Prashant , Gupta Nishkarsh , Garg Rakesh , Pandit Anuja , Vig Saurabh , Singh Ram , Kumar Balbir , Meena Ved Prakash , Wig Naveet , Mittal Saurabh , Pahuja Sourabh , Madan Karan , Guleria Randeep , Mohan Anant , Dwivedi Tanima , Gupta Ritu , Vidyarthi Ashima Jain , Chaudhry Rama , Das Arghya , Wundavalli LaxmiTej , Singh Angel Rajan , Singh Sheetal , Kumar Sunil , Pandey Manisha , Mishra Abhinav , Matharoo Karanvir Singh , Bhatnagar Sushma
Published: December 2021

Background:

The “second wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic hit India from early April 2021 to June 2021. We describe the clinical features, treatment trends, and baseline laboratory parameters of a cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their association with the outcome.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify clinical and biochemical predictors of developing hypoxia, deterioration during the hospital stay, and death.

Results:

A total of 2080 patients were included. The case fatality rate was 19.5%. Among the survivors, the median duration of hospital stay was 8 (5–11) days. Out of 853 (42.3%%) of patients who had COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome at presentation, 340 (39.9%) died. Patients aged >45 years had higher odds of death as compared to the 18–44 years age group. Vaccination reduced the odds of death by 40% (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]: 0.6 [0.4–0.9], P = 0.032). Patients with hyper inflammation at baseline as suggested by leukocytosis (OR [95% CI]: 2.1 [1.5–3.1], P < 0.001), raised d-dimer >500 mg/dL (OR [95% CI]: 3.2 [2.2–4.7], P < 0.001), and raised C-reactive peptide >0.5 mg/L (OR [95% CI]: 3.7 [2.2–13], P = 0.037) had higher odds of death. Patients who were admitted in the 2nd week had lower odds and those admitted in the 3rd week had higher odds of death.

Conclusion:

This study shows that vaccination status and early admission during the inflammatory phase can change the course of illness of these patients. Improving vaccination rates and early admission of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 can improve the outcomes.
Can oscillometry be a substitute to spirometry in the indigent?
Authors: Gupta Neeraj
Published: December 2021

The practical difficulties of using spirometry in a 3-year-old girl are highlighted, especially during the COVID-19 era. Oscillometry, a tidal breath-based technique, has shown promising future to reliably assess lung functions in the vulnerable cohort. A simple algorithmic approach has been provided till reference values can be established with multicenter studies.
Clinical Profile of 327 patients with Sarcoidosis in India: An Ambispective Cohort Study in a Tuberculosis (TB) Endemic Population
Authors: Madan Karan , Sryma PB , Pattnaik Bijay , Mittal Saurabh , Tiwari Pawan , Hadda Vijay , Mohan Anant , Guleria Randeep
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with a varied clinical presentation. We describe the clinical characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis from a tuberculosis (TB) endemic setting.

Methods:

We performed an analysis of the sarcoidosis database at a tertiary care facility in North India.

Results:

Of the 327 patients, 50.8% were male, with a mean age of 42.8 years (range: 16–70 years). Females were significantly older. 42.6% had comorbidities, of which diabetes (17.1%) was most common. More than half (57.1%) were obese. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were elevated in 186 (57.9%). Eleven (3.8%) had hypercalcemia, while hypercalciuria was present in 54 (31.7%). The majority (89.9%) were tuberculin skin test negative (<10 mm induration), while 71.9% were tuberculin anergic. 47.7% had normal spirometry, while a restrictive impairment was the most common abnormality (44.6%). Obstruction on spirometry was present in 8.3%. Nearly half (160, 49%) had involvement of an extrapulmonary site. Most patients were (96%) symptomatic. Cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, and fever were the predominant symptoms. A majority had Stage 1 (47.7%) sarcoidosis. Two hundred and eighty-seven (87.8%) patients underwent bronchoscopy or endosonographic (endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration [EBUS-TBNA] or transesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration [EUS-B-FNA]) sampling. A histopathological diagnosis with the demonstration of granulomas was achieved in 90.8%. The diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA/EUS-B-FNA was 77.4%. In 13.5% of patients, necrotizing granulomas were present in tissue samples.

Conclusion:

The clinical profile of patients with sarcoidosis in TB endemic settings has certain differences from nonendemic populations. Bronchoscopy and endosonography allow a confident diagnosis in the majority of patients.
Effects of Tonal Noise on Workers’ Annoyance and Performance
Authors: Radosz Jan
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Numerous references indicate that the subjectively assessed tonal noise annoyance is higher than that of broadband noise. There are no criteria for the impact of tonal noise in assessing the occupational environment for both indoor areas and workplaces.

Materials and Methods:

The study participants included 50 people who met the audiometric qualification criteria. The research method employed both a questionnaire survey and computer psychological tests checking work performance, attention level, and memory. Four types of generated test signals were developed (filtered noise − A and three signals with tonal components 125, 1600, and 8000 Hz − B, C, and D) at the same sound level A of 55 dB. Test signals C and D were assessed as causing the greatest annoyance and as the loudest.

Results:

The results of some tests and the assessment of annoyance and of the volume of test signals containing medium and high frequency tonal components were correlated with the participants’ noise sensitivity, determined on the basis of a questionnaire. Although there are no statistically significant differences, it was observed in most cases for signals with C (1600 Hz) and D (8000 Hz) tonal components that the results (mean values or median values) of psychological tests deteriorated with respect to a noise signal without tonal components (A) − a smaller number of calculations, a smaller number of correct responses, more errors made.

Conclusion:

These results, combined with those of the questionnaire survey, justify the introduction of the tonality annoyance criterion for workstations where, among other things, focusing one’s attention is required.
Methods and analysis of bat guano cores from caves for paleoecology
Authors: Tsalickis Alexandra , Waters Matthew , Campbell Joshua
Published: December 2021

Whereas bat guano is gaining viability in accurately reconstructing local paleoenvironmental and climatic conditions, overall reviews of methods for analyzing and collecting bat guano cores have received less attention. Guano cores have been collected from several locations (e.g., United States, Romania, Philippines, and southeast Asia), and the processing and collection methods are quite similar despite a lack of standardized techniques. Physical, chemical, and elemental analyses on guano samples have focused on the interpretation of precipitation changes over time, with additional applications from stable isotope analysis being used for other paleoenvironmental conditions. We obtained three bat guano cores from Alabama and Tennessee to evaluate the collecting and processing techniques of guano. Climatic temperature changes were not analyzed in this study. The purpose of this investigation was to summarize multiple techniques and approaches used to process and analyze bat guano cores with a focus on reconstructing paleoclimate in cave environments throughout the globe. From these three cores, we describe challenges and make recommendations for improving guano analysis.
From a Yugoslav to a Balkan Star and Back
Authors: Petrov Ana
Published: December 2021

In this article, I deal with the public figure of the singer Lepa Brena in the context of the cultural and music politics in socialist Yugoslavia and in the war and post-war times, by focusing on her transition from a “genuine” Yugoslav star, through the period in which the Yugoslav label was not desirable, to the singer’s recent transformations in which she has been involved in the process of commodifying Yugonostalgia for repositioning her public figure in a new context.
Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova, née Glinka
Authors: Dupalová Zuzana
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the life and work of Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova (1816–1906), the younger sister and faithful companion of the Russian composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. The focus is especially on her activities after her brother’s death, which were motivated by the wish to honour his memory and to spread his music and fame.
PRIMARY EDUCATION IN TABRIZ CITY DURING THE GAJARS PERIOD
Authors: Mammadova Gulbala Ilhama
Published: December 2021

Education was of religious character with schools and madrasahs in Tabriz, as in all Muslim cities during the Middle Ages and was based on the methodology of religious tenets. This type of education system dates back to the early years of Islam and was yet ongoing during its research period. Schools provided primary spiritual education, whereas madrasahs provided high religious education. The first madrasah in Iran was established in Tabriz. Literacy was taught and basic rules and regulations were applied at schools. They operated mainly within the mosques and the classes were held in zaviya (madrasah) and cell. The mosques performed numerous functions. They were not only places of worship (practicing namaz, listening to preaching, etc.), but also the place where Sharia laws are studied and propagated; holy war and peace declared; spoils of war are distributed; letters sent to the authorities; funerals held and where the other work was done.
Cooling Temperature and Heat Transfer Coefficients in Cylindrical Heat Exchangers
Authors: Tamayo Enrique Torres , Morales José W. , Albarracín Mauro D. , Laurencio Héctor L. , Pachacama Israel P. , Guacapiña Brayan I. , Román Wilson M.
Published: December 2021

The parameters behavior that characterize the process was carried out through an experimental investigation to obtain the cooling temperature, heat transfer coefficients and the heat flow in mineral coolers. The values of water temperature, water flow and mineral temperature were recorded at the inlet and outlet of the cylindrical cooler. Experiments were carried out with five values of the mass flow, keeping the cylinder revolutions constant. The calculation procedure for the system was obtained, in the mineral coolers the heat transfer by conduction, convection and evaporation predominates as a function of the cooling zone. A reduction in temperature is shown with increasing length, the lowest temperature values were obtained for a mass flow of 8 kg/s. The mineral outlet temperature should not exceed 200 oC, therefore it is recommended to work with the mass flow less than 10 kg/s that guarantees the cooling process.
Principal Component Regression in Statistical Downscaling with Missing Value for Daily Rainfall Forecasting
Authors: Saputra M Dika , Hadi Alfian Futuhul , Riski Abduh , Anggraeni Dian
Published: December 2021

Drought is a serious problem that often arises during the dry season. Hydrometeorologically, drought is caused by reduced rainfall in a certain period. Therefore, it is necessary to take the latest actions that can overcome this problem. This research aims to predict the potential for a drought to occur again in the Kupang City, Indonesia by developing a rainfall forecasting model. Incomplete daily local climate data for Kupang City is an obstacle in this analysis of rainfall forecasting. Data correction was then carried out through imputed missing values using the Kalman Filter method with Arima State-Space model. The Kalman Filter and Arima State-Space model (2,1,1) produces the best missing data imputation with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.930. The rainfall forecasting process is carried out using Statistical Downscaling with the Principal Component Regression (PCR) model that considers global atmospheric circulation from the Global Circular Model (GCM). The results showed that the PCR model obtained was quite good with a Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) value of 2.81%. This model is used to predict the daily rainfall of Kupang City by utilizing GCM data.
Çanakkale Boğazı’nda Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Popülasyonunda Ölüm Oranlarının Tespiti
Authors: AKSU Ata , ALTINAĞAÇ Uğur , DEMİRKIRAN Tekin
Published: December 2021

Ekolojik anlamda önemli olan Akdeniz’in en büyük çift kabuklu türü Pinna nobilis (Linneaus, 1758)‘in nesli, antropojenik etkilerin yanında 2016 yılından bu yana Haplosprodium pinnae isimli parazitin salgın etkisiyle ciddi tehdit altındadır. Ayrıca, son yıllarda Kuzey Ege Denizi’nde Pinna nobilis popülasyonlarının ölümlerine Haplosprodium pinnae’ nın yanında çoklu enfekte olarak Vibrio sp. gibi türlerin de neden olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Pinna nobilis’ in 2016 yılından bu yana Batı Akdeniz’den Doğu Akdeniz kıyılarına hızla yayılmış olan kitlesel ölümlerinin Çanakkale Boğazı’ ndaki Pinna nobilis yataklarındaki etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Haziran 2020 ve Eylül 2021 ayları arasında belirlenen 30 örnekleme istasyonunda su altı görsel sayım metodu (hat-çizgi sayımı) ile ikişer kez dalarak, pinaların sayımı yapılmıştır. Su altı gözlemleri için bölgenin su altı karakteristiğine göre tüplü dalış veya serbest dalış yöntemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam 2183 dakikalık su altı dip gözlem verilerine göre pinaların ölüm oranı 2020-2021 arasında % 81,15’ den % 94,67’ ye yükselmiştir. Yaklaşık bir yıl sonra pinaların ölüm oranının %100 olduğu istasyonların sayısı 11’ den 14’ e yükselirken, hiç pina görülmeyen istasyonların sayısı 3’ ten 5’ e yükselmiştir. Örnekleme istasyonlarındaki canlı pina sayısının bir sene içerisinde 1108’ den 207’ ye ve toplam yoğunluğun (birey/100m2) 13,15’ ten 9,2’ ye gerilemesi, Pinna nobilis neslinin tükenme tehlikesinin devam ettiğini göstermiştir. Pinna nobilis neslinin tükenme tehlikesinden kurtulabilmesi için biyolojik çalışmaların yanında yetiştiricilik ve transplantasyon çalışmaları yaygınlaştırılabilir.
Türkiye Deniz Balıklarının Üreme Biyolojisi Araştırmaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DABAN İsmail Burak
Published: December 2021

Ülkemiz sularında dağılım gösteren kemikli balık stokları aşırı avcılık, kirlilik, küresel ısınma ve artan besin rekabeti nedeniyle tehlike altındadır. Balık stoklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması hedefi için öncelikle bilimsel bilgi eksikliğinin giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Balıklarda üreme biyolojisine ait cinsiyet oranı, ilk eşeysel olgunluk boyu, gonadosomatik indeks, fekondite ve üreme dönemi gibi parametreler, balıkçılık yöneticilerinin karar almasında oldukça etkilidir. Bu çalışmada geçmişten günümüze ülkemiz sularında dağılım gösteren kemikli balık stoklarına ait türler üzerine gerçekleştirilmiş üreme biyolojisi çalışmalarının sonuçları özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Literatür taraması sonucunda 41 familyaya ait 91 tür üzerine 177 adet çalışma tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, bazı türlerde üreme biyolojisiyle alakalı çalışma bulunmadığı, var olan çalışmaların ise denizlerimizdeki belirli alanlarda yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Bazı türlerde ise ilk eşeysel olgunluk boyu, üreme dönemi, gonadosomatik indeks ve fekondite gibi önemli parametrelerin eksik olduğu görülmüştür.
Akköy Lagünü’nde (Ege Denizi) Tül Iğrıpla Yakalanan Balık Tür Çeşitliliğine Mevsim ve Bazı Fiziko-Kimyasal Parametrelerin Etkileri
Authors: SAĞLAM Cemil , AKYOL Okan
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, 2014-2016 yılları arasında Güney Ege Denizi'ndeki Akköy Lagünü’nde aylık olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Lagündeki tür çeşitliliğini belirlemek için deneysel tül ığrıp ağı kullanılmıştır. Avcılık iki istasyonda üç tekrarlı olarak yapılmıştır. Lagündeki deniz yüzey suyu sıcaklığı (°C), tuzluluk (‰), çözünmüş oksijen (DO, mg.l-1) ve pH ölçülmüştür. Tür çeşitliliğinin analizi için bolluk, tür zenginliği (S) ve Shannon (H) indeksi değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Iğrıp ağıyla 9 aileye ait 17 türden toplam 1878 balık örneği elde edilmiştir. Beş türe sahip Mugilidae familyası, aileler arasında en çok yakalanan balıklar olmuştur. Kanonik Uyum Analizine (CCA) göre, balık türlerinin çeşitliliği çevresel parametrelerden büyük ölçüde etkilenmiştir. DO ile pozitif korelasyon gösteren kış ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde Chelon ramada, Mugil cephalus ve Chelon saliens'in baskın olduğu görülmektedir. Chelon auratus ve Sparus aurata baharda baskın tür olmuştur ve Solea solea, Chelon labrosus, Lithognathus mormyrus, Sardina pilchardus, Boops boops, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, Mullus spp. ve Syngnathus spp. sıcaklık, pH ve tuzluluk ile pozitif korelasyon gösteren yaz sezonunda baskın olmuştur. Atherina boyeri, Aphanius fasciatus, Blennius spp. ve Pomatoschistus spp. her mevsim bulunan türlerdir.
PENGARUH PRODUKSI KEBUN PETANI KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN
Authors: Setyawan Heri
Published: December 2021

Objektif Perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat menyumbangkan 40,8 % dari total produksi kelapa sawit di indonesia, dengan demikian dari hasil bertani mampu memberikan dampak ekonomi bagi petani kelapa sawit rakyat. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesejahteraan petani kelapa sawit rakyat di Desa Amin Jaya, Kecamatan Pangkalan Banteng, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah.

Material and Metode.

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Amin Jaya, Pangkalan Banteng, Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data penelitian  menggunakan data primer dan sekunder dengan jumlah responden 30 petani kelapa sawit. Data yang digunakan sebagai parameter meliputi biaya produksi, revenue/cost ratio. Pengukuran variabel responden menggunakan skala likert. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan hasil uji skala likert.

Hasil.  Kesejahteraan petani kelapa sawit rakyat di Desa Amin Jaya menunjukkan hasil presentase 82.27 %, nilai tersebut berada di dalam kelas interval “Sangat Setuju”  sehingga hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa petani kelapa sawit rakyat di desa Amin Jaya “sangat setuju” bahwa produksi yang tinggi memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil dan meningkatkan pendapatan serta kesejahteraan.

Kesimpulan. Produksi kelapa sawit yang tinggi memberikan dampak yang nyata terhadap kesejahteraan petani. Semakin luas lahan maka produksinya semakin tinggi sehingga pendapatan yang di peroleh semakin besar dan memberikan dampak nyata trhadap perekonomian kelaurga petani kelapa sawit rakyat di desa Amin Jaya, Kecamatan Pangkalan Banteng, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah.
Engels y Freud ante el origen: entre el comunismo primitivo y la horda primordial
Authors: Pavón Cuéllar David
Published: December 2021

Friedrich Engels y Sigmund Freud ofrecen explicaciones tan próximas como contradictorias del origen de la civilización. Ambos construyen rigurosos mitos científicos y los proyectan en la prehistoria para dar sentido a la historia humana y al presente en el que viven. Ambos también coinciden al situar el origen de lo social-económico en lo sexual-familiar. Sin embargo, mientras que Freud empieza por el patriarcado y por la desigualdad constitutiva de la horda primordial, Engels prefiere comenzar por el matriarcado y por una comunidad primitiva tan profundamente igualitaria que ya ni siquiera permite plantear lo que ocurre en ella en términos de igualdad o desigualdad. Esta diferencia tiene implicaciones políticas decisivas. La sociedad humana fue y puede volver a ser horizontal para Engels, mientras que Freud considera que la socialización presupone forzosamente relaciones jerárquicas verticales de poder. La figura paterna de liderazgo, por ejemplo, resulta ineliminable de la visión freudiana de la colectividad.
STRESS, SLEEP QUALITY, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION AMONG MARRIED WORKING WOMEN
Authors: Sadia Shahjahan khan  , Shamaila Asad
Published: December 2021

This research was an initiation to explore the relationship of stress, sleep quality, psychological well-being and relationship satisfaction among married working women. Stress, sleep quality and relationship satisfaction were explored as predictors of psychological well-being in married working women. Correlational research design was used to measure the relationship between these variables. Convenient sampling technique was used to recruit sample. The sample of study was comprised of married working women (N= 200) age ranged between 25 to 59 years. Working Women Stressor’s Scale (WWSS) (α=.87), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(α=.74), Ryff Psychological well-being Scale(α=.74), and Relationship Assessment Scale (α=.72)were used as data collection tools. Results showed significant positive relationship among stress, sleep quality, psychological wellbeing and relationship satisfaction. Stress, sleep quality, and well-being emerged as predictors of relationship satisfaction in married working women.
Key Words:   Stress, Sleep Quality, Psychological Well-being, Relationship satisfaction
MANAGING THE POROUS BOUNDARIES: IMPACT OF WORKING FROM HOME ON WORK LIFE BALANCE OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS DURING COVID 19
Authors: Farah  Naz  , Awan Riffat-un-Nisa , Dr. Ghazala  Noureen
Published: December 2021

The closure of educational institutions due to COVID-19 has forced universities to shift from in-class to online education. We aim to address an aspect of this shift that remains widely unacknowledged, namely, the gender inequalities associated with the struggle to manage two separate domains (home and work) under the same roof. Using cross sectional data gathered through an online survey from various universities and degree awarding institutions, we explore the question of how working from home during the covid-19 pandemic has shifted (or not shifted) the work-life balance of male and female university teachers. Our research shows that work from home during covid-19 has some negative repercussions for the work life balance of female university teachers. Females are facing difficulty in maintaining a healthy work life balance. They reported more work family conflicts; more family demands and challenges; and less satisfaction while working from home as compared to male university teachers. The findings of our paper suggest that this new workplace arrangement has disproportionately increased the overall burden on female university teachers in both the important domains of their life (Family and work). 
Key Words:  COVID-19, Gender, Work from Home, Work Life Balance
Semiadverbele în limba română: relaţii semantice şi formale
Authors: Boz Olga
Published: December 2021

Romanian semiadverbs take part in the study of this article, which aims to highlight a series of relevant features that oppose semantically and functionally-stylistically to other verbs. Being designated a special / inhomogeneous class of adverbs and although a rather vague semantic, they have a varied functional behaviour, which we tried to analyze and simplify in the following article.
Особенности эмоционального состояния детей перенесших COVID-19
Authors: Максимчук Виктория , Гладченко Мария
Published: December 2021

The article shows the results of empirical research on emotional state in children who endured COVID-19. Research shows that children who have suffered from this infection develop post-traumatic stress disorder, a high level of anxiety, insomnia, depressive tendencies and panic attacks. It was noted that there is a correlation between the severity of the illness and the emotional state of the child. The program of psychological intervention on the normalization of emotional state in children was developed and checked.
Модель формирования коммуникативных компетенций учеников средствами игровых ситуаций на занятиях по английскому языку
Authors: Топчу Искендер
Published: December 2021

The article describes the model of formation students' communicative skills through game situations during English language classes. Competency-based approach, at the base of the study of foreign languages, it is considered as an effective mean of organizing the educational and cognitive activity of students, ensures the acquisition of the content of the material and the achievement of the study objectives in solving certain problematic tasks. Students' communication competence, which is considered by us as a complex personal education, is a multi-component structure. With the help of a theoretical analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature, self-assessments, experts’ assessments, observation of students' communication activity, the structure of communicative competence is defined, which combines cognitive, axiological, praxiological and affective components.
Influența limbii materne în predarea pronunției în limba engleză
Authors: Usatîi Larisa
Published: December 2021

The present article treats a problem regarding the influence of the mother tongue in teaching English pronunciation. The importance and necessity of using the mother tongue in learning English are relevant. The obtained knowledge, skills and abilities in the mother tongue influence those from the foreign language, as a result thezy are in an interdependence, that observe concrete laws. This interdependence can both contribute to learning English, and hinder it. The formation of correct pronunciation skills depends on the the adjustment of the mother tongue phonological system tot that of the target language.
An Exploratory Study to Identify the Factors Affecting the Management of Covid-19 Patients among Nursing Officers at Selected Hospital, Puducherry
Authors:   Assistant professor in child health nursing Mother Theresa post graduate and research institute of health sciences Puducherry, Revathy Mrs. V.
Published: December 2021

The pandemic outbreak of covid -19 especially caused by the pathogen called corona virus2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) .This virus especially affects the more elderly individual than youth and more men than women and killed over 80,000 in china. It was established by WHO.
Comparative Study of Abnormalities of the Spermocytogram between Manual Techniques versus Automated SCA (Sperm Class Analyzer)
Authors:   Laboratory of Medical Analyses, Reproductive Biology, Labomac, Casablanca, Morocco, Yachou Zahra Ait
Published: December 2021

It is already well established that the percentage of normal sperm and specific sperm abnormalities has diagnostic value in vivo. The spermocytogram is an important part of the analysis of human semen, this kind of analysis, simple at first sight, brings real difficulties because the results from one laboratory to another are very relatively reliable. When analyzing abnormal sperm morphology, the observer has to estimate the respective size of the different spermatozoa or their components, the length of all the spermatozoa (too small or too big) and to identify the shape (sperm with a coiled flagellum, or no flagellum as an example). The objective of our work is first of all to make a comparative study of the results of the morphological evaluation of 50 semen samples between the manual technique versus the automated one (SCA) in order to find a possible correlation between these two techniques. According to the analytical stage of the manual and automatic results, the two latter led us to obtain significantly different percentages.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR ANAK DISGRAFIA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS IV SDN KARANG TENGAH 5 KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Della Paramita Lusiana , Nurfadhillah Septy , Sa’odah Sa’odah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan belajar anak disgrafia pada mata pelajaran bahasa indonesia di kelas IV SDN Karang Tengah 5 Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru kelas IV, siswa dan orang tua siswa. Pengumpulan data diambil melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Penulis berperan sebagai pewarta atau pewawancara langsung untuk mendapatkan data melalui guru kelas IV dan orang tua siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar menulis atau disgrafia, yaitu pada saat belajar bahasa indonesia mereka berdua tidak dapat menulis karangan dengan baik dan benar, dalam tulisannya terdapat huruf yang terbalik, penggunaan huruf besar dengan huruf kecil masih tercampur dan penggunaan ejaan yang tidak tepat karena kedua siswa sering menambahkan atau mengurangi huruf sehingga membuat tulisannya sulit terbaca.
PENGARUH PERUSAHAAN STARTUP TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Karina Dhiyaah , Alfiyatus Sa’diyah Siti , Nabilah Hanna , Panorama Maya
Published: December 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak yang sangat besar terhadap perekonomian Indonesia sehingga terjadinya krisis ekonomi. Perusahaan Startup adalah sebuah usaha yang baru berjalan dan menerapkan inovasi teknologi untuk menjalankan core businessnya dan dapat memecahkan sebuah masalah di masyarakat. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan berpengaruh atau tidaknya perusahaan startup terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penlitian ini menggunakan metode Pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis Case studies yang merupakan penelitian kualitatif dimana peneliti melakukan eksplorasi secara mendalam terhadap perusahaan startup dan keadaan perekonomian di Indonesia selama pandemi Covid-19. Suatu kasus terikat oleh waktu dan aktivitas dan peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data secara mendetail dengan menggunakan berbagai prosedur pengumpulan data dan dalam waktu yang berkesinambungan. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa perusahaan startup sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia selama pandemi covid-19. Perusahaan startup yang menjadi bagian ekonomi digital berkontribusi sebesar 4% dari GDP. Perusahaan Startup dapat bertahan dan mendorong ekonomi Indonesia disaat banyak sektor ekonomi lain yang gugur. Terutama perusahaan startup sektor e-commerce yang meningkat pesat.
Fıkıh Usûlünün Yenilenmesi Tartışmalarında Fikrî ve Felsefî Yaklaşım (Fazlurrahman, Hasan Turabî ve Muhammed Müctehid Şebusterî Örneği)
Authors: ERAYDIN Seracettin
Published: December 2021

İslam hukuku tarihine baktığımızda fıkıh usûlünün bir süreç içerisinde geliştiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu süreç içerisinde, mezhep imamları de-diğimiz müçtehitler başta olmak üzere birçok âlimin, fıkıh usûlü ilminin yapısını oluşturan katkılarından bahsedilebilir. Örneğin İmam Ebû Hanîfe’nin (ö. 150/767) istihsana başvurması, İmam Mâlik’in (ö. 179/795) amel-i ehli Medine ile amel etmesi ve İmam Şafiî’nin (ö. 204/820) hem Ehl-i rey hem de Ehl-i hadisin fıkhını mezcederek elde ettiği formasyonla “er-Risâle” adlı eserinde bir usûl ortaya koyması fıkıh usûlü ilminin yapısını oluşturan katkıların başında gelmektedir. Bu katkıların yanında özellikle mezheplerin kurumsallaştığı dönem ve sonrasında Gazalî (ö. 505/1111), İbn Teymiyye (ö. 622/1225), öğrencisi İbn Kayyım (ö. 751/1350) ve Şâtıbî (ö. 790/1388) gibi âlimlerin, fıkıh usulüne dinamizm kazandırmak adına söz konusu ilme yönelik birtakım yenileme çabaları ortaya koydukları bilinmektedir. Modern dönemde ise fıkıh usûlünü yenileme çabalarının klasik döneme göre daha net ve yaygın olduğu görülmektedir. Bu dönemde fıkıh usulüne yönelik yenileme çabalarını iki merhalede değerlendirmek mümkündür. Bu merhalelerin birincisi, fıkıh usûlünü yenilemeye çağrı merhalesi, ikincisi ise fıkıh usûlünü yenilemenin amelî merhalesidir. İkinci merhalede âlimlerin dinî, siyasî, sosyal ve felsefî eğilimlerine bağlı olarak kendi içinde de farklı tezler içeren “fıkhî ve usûlî yaklaşım” ve “fikrî ve felsefî yaklaşım” olmak üzere iki temel yaklaşımdan bahsedilebilir. Bu çalışmada kendi içinde de farklı eğilimlere sahip fikrî ve felsefî yaklaşımın fıkıh usûlünü yenilemeye dair görüşlerini, Fazlurrahman, (1919-1988), Hasan Turabî (1932-2016) ve Muhammed Müctehid Şebusterî (d. 1936-ö…) örnekliğinde sunmaya çalıştık.