bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight of thermally stratified Jeffrey fluid flow inside porous medium subject to chemical species and melting heat transfer
Authors: Javed Mubashar , Farooq Muhammad , Anjum Aisha , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: September 2019

This article concentrates on two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic stagnation flow of Jeffrey liquid on a nonlinearly stretching sheet which possesses variable thickness. Simultaneous impact of melting as well as thermal stratification is specifically investigated in this study due to their tremendous involvement in plenty of natural and industrial processes. Internal heat generation and presence of chemical species are considered to ponder at heat transfer properties. Series solution has been obtained by solving the developed nonlinear problems. Physical behavior of various controlling parameters such as velocity, thermal, and concentration fields are investigated. It has been found that temperature field decays due to higher intensity of thermal stratification parameter, but thickness of thermal boundary layer boosts up. Larger Deborah number results in incremented velocity field. For uplifted wall thickness parameter, velocity field depreciates. Concentration field declines for enhanced parameters of homogeneous as well as heterogeneous reaction. Moreover, velocity is decreasing function of porosity parameter.
Standardized measurement of quality of upper limb movement after stroke: Consensus-based core recommendations from the Second Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable
Authors: Kwakkel G , Van Wegen EEH , Burridge JH , Winstein CJ , van Dokkum LEH , Alt Murphy M , Levin MF , Krakauer JW
Published: September 2019

The second Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable “metrics” task force developed consensus around the recognized need to add kinematic and kinetic movement quantification to its core recommendations for standardized measurements of sensorimotor recovery in stroke trials. Specifically, we focused on measurement of the quality of upper limb movement. We agreed that the recommended protocols for measurement should be conceptually rigorous, reliable, valid and responsive to change. The recommended measurement protocols include four performance assays (i.e. 2D planar reaching, finger individuation, grip strength, and precision grip at body function level) and one functional task (3D drinking task at activity level) that address body function and activity respectively. This document describes the criteria for assessment and makes recommendations about the type of technology that should be used for reliable and valid movement capture. Standardization of kinematic measurement protocols will allow pooling of participant data across sites, thereby increasing sample size aiding meta-analyses of published trials, more detailed exploration of recovery profiles, the generation of new research questions with testable hypotheses, and development of new treatment approaches focused on impairment. We urge the clinical and research community to consider adopting these recommendations.
Non-rigid fixation of the glenoid bone block for patients with recurrent anterior instability and major glenoid bone loss: A systematic review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Mitrogiannis Leonidas , Gerogiannis Dimitrios , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Kaseta Maria-Kyriaki , Antonogiannakis Emmanouil
Published: September 2019

Background

New types of glenoid bone block fixation, involving suture buttons, suture anchors or even implant-free impaction of the graft, have been recently introduced. In contrast to screws which allow for a rigid fixation of the bone block, these alternative procedures provide a non-rigid type of fixation.

Methods

Two reviewers independently conducted the search in a systematic way (according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) using the MEDLINE/PubMed database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. These databases were queried with the terms “Latarjet” OR “Eden-Hybbinette” OR “bone block” AND “anterior” AND “shoulder” AND “instability.”

Results

Eight out of the 325 initial studies were finally chosen according to our inclusion–exclusion criteria. In total, 750 patients were included in this review. The overall anterior instability recurrence rate for patients treated with non-rigid fixation was 2.6%, while the overall rate of non-union or graft osteolysis was 5.4%.

Conclusions

Regardless of the graft type, bone block non-rigid fixation showed satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with substantial glenoid bone deficiency. Furthermore, non-rigid fixation resulted in adequate bone graft healing and osseous incorporation. Lastly, given the relative lack of data, further prospective controlled studies are required to assess bone block non-rigid fixation procedures in comparison with the traditional rigid (with screws) fixation techniques.

Level

Systematic review, IV.
Christian History as World History: A Review Essay
Authors: Carpenter Joel A.
Published: September 2019

This review essay discusses the status of “World Christianity” as a field of study, then highlights the features of the book at hand. It is an exercise in world history more than church history, focusing on how Christianity in various parts of the world responded to the twentieth century’s greatest challenges. The book addresses the rise of millenarianism and fundamentalism, neo-orthodoxy, liberation theology, Pentecostalism, and ecumenism. But its more intent focus is on how Christianity addressed the century’s world wars, colonialism, nationalism, secularism, rise of radical Islam, human rights, migration, and the growing power of the state.
Theologies of Mission
Authors: Muck Terry C.
Published: September 2019

A review of volume 2, Theologies of Mission, of Henning Wrogemann’s three-volume Intercultural Theology. This work is a textbook appropriate for courses in the theology and history of mission, focusing especially on Christian missions in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Governing the noisy sphere: Geographies of noise regulation in the US
Authors: MacFarlane Key
Published: September 2019

Over the last 10 years there has been considerable growth in the range of geographical work on sound, particularly on how sound shapes everyday life. One area that is beginning to receive attention is how noise is formalized in law and policy. This paper contributes to that literature by developing a geographic theory of modern noise regulation. Two policies are examined: the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Noise Control Act of 1972 and Seattle’s Noise Ordinance of 1977. Combining Foucauldian and Marxian frameworks, I argue that these documents trace a biopolitics of “sensible citizenship” that emerges within, as a means of managing, a changing regime of capitalist accumulation, as global attention began to shift from production to the “noisy sphere” of exchange in the 1960s and 1970s. Noise, I claim here, has come to physically embody capitalism’s inner contradictions—between needing to promote commercial activities and needing to control the noisy externalities those activities create. Such an analysis addresses recent calls for a more historically and materially grounded approach to the study of sound in human geography, while also adding a critical legal perspective to recent debates on the relations between citizenship, the body, and governance.
Redefining Engagement with Socio-spatially Marginalised Populations: Learning from Ghana’s Ministry of Inner City and Zongo Development
Authors: Brady Colleen , Hooper Michael
Published: September 2019

Global interest in enhancing accountability and community participation has led many governments to engage socio-spatially marginalised populations left behind by urban development. This article examines an emergent example of these efforts: Ghana’s Ministry of Inner City and Zongo Development (MICZD). The MICZD’s objective is to improve the social and infrastructural development of zongos, or ‘stranger’s quarters’, which have historically housed Hausa migrants and are associated with slum-like conditions. The study draws on 38 interviews with government stakeholders, community organisations and local leaders as well as on four focus groups with zongo residents. The results reveal four key findings. First, the MICZD’s engagement with zongos is perceived as politically motivated, with this viewed negatively by some and positively by others. Second, the MICZD’s timeline is perceived differently depending on who is being asked. Third, respondents differ in their prioritisation of physical versus social improvements, with the MICZD focussing on physical interventions and zongo residents focussing on social and economic development. Finally, different groups have varied visions of success for the MICZD. The article concludes by identifying two paths towards more empowering state–society engagement—more continuous engagement and counterbalancing powers—and proposes how lessons from the MICZD can inform engagement with marginalised populations more broadly.
Impaired right ventricular lusitropy is associated with ventilatory inefficiency in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Tello Khodr , Dalmer Antonia , Vanderpool Rebecca , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Naeije Robert , Roller Fritz , Seeger Werner , Dumitrescu Daniel , Sommer Natascha , Brunst Anne , Gall Henning , Richter Manuel J.
Published: September 2019

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an important tool for assessing functional capacity and prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the associations of CPET parameters with the adaptation of right ventricular (RV) function to afterload remain incompletely understood.

In this study, 37 patients with PAH (idiopathic in 31 cases) underwent single-beat pressure–volume loop measurements of RV end-systolic elastance (Ees), arterial elastance (Ea) and diastolic elastance (Eed). Pulmonary arterial stiffness was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The results were correlated to CPET variables. The predictive relevance of RV function parameters for clinically relevant ventilatory inefficiency, defined as minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (V′E/V′CO2) slope >48, was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.

The median (interquartile range) of theV′E/V′CO2slope was 42 (32–52) and theV′E/V′CO2nadir was 40 (31–44). The mean±sdof peak end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) was 23±8 mmHg. Ea, Eed and parameters reflecting pulmonary arterial stiffness (capacitance and distensibility) correlated with theV′E/V′CO2slope,V′E/V′CO2nadir,PETCO2and peak oxygen pulse. RV Ees and RV–arterial coupling as assessed by the Ees/Ea ratio showed no correlations with CPET parameters. Ea (univariate OR 7.28, 95% CI 1.20–44.04) and Eed (univariate OR 2.21, 95% CI 0.93–5.26) were significantly associated with ventilatory inefficiency (p<0.10).

Our data suggest that impaired RV lusitropy and increased afterload are associated with ventilatory inefficiency in PAH.
Increased mortality in patients with corticosteroid-dependent asthma: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lee Hyun , Ryu Jiin , Nam Eunwoo , Chung Sung Jun , Yeo Yoomi , Park Dong Won , Park Tai Sun , Moon Ji-Yong , Kim Tae-Hyung , Sohn Jang Won , Yoon Ho Joo , Kim Sang-Heon
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Chronic systemic corticosteroid (CS) therapy is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with many chronic diseases. However, it has not been elucidated whether chronic systemic CS therapy is associated with increased mortality in patients with asthma. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic systemic CS therapy on long-term mortality in adult patients with asthma.

Methods

A population-based matched cohort study of males and females aged ≥18 years with asthma was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2005 to 2015. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval for all-cause mortality among patients in the CS-dependent cohort (CS use ≥6 months during baseline period) relative to those in the CS-independent cohort (CS use <6 months during baseline period) was evaluated.

Results

The baseline cohort included 466 941 patients with asthma, of whom 8334 were CS-dependent and 458 607 were CS-independent. After 1:1 matching, 8334 subjects with CS-independent asthma were identified. The HR of mortality associated with CS-dependent asthma relative to CS-independent asthma was 2.17 (95% CI 2.04–2.31). In patients receiving low-dose CS, the HR was 1.84 (95% CI 1.69–2.00); in patients receiving high-dose CS, the HR was 2.56 (95% CI 2.35–2.80).

Conclusions

In this real-world, clinical practice, observational study, chronic use of systemic CS was associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with asthma, with a significant dose–response relationship between systemic CS use and long-term mortality.
Does maintenance azithromycin reduce asthma exacerbations? An individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Hiles Sarah A. , McDonald Vanessa M. , Guilhermino Michelle , Brusselle Guy G. , Gibson Peter G.
Published: September 2019

Background

Preventing exacerbations is an important goal of asthma treatment. Long-term treatment with azithromycin may help achieve this. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of azithromycin in reducing exacerbations in asthma, and in the subphenotypes of noneosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic asthma and severe asthma.

Method

We completed a systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library,ClinicalTrials.govand reference lists of previous systematic reviews in February 2019. We included parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trials in adults comparing at least 8 weeks of azithromycin treatment with placebo, where the outcome of exacerbations was assessed over at least 6 months. Data were extracted from published sources, Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied and IPD were sought from authors. Reviews were undertaken in duplicate. We conducted an IPD meta-analysis on the primary outcome of exacerbations and a random effects meta-analysis for secondary outcomes.

Results

Three studies were identified (n=604). In the IPD meta-analysis, treatment with azithromycin was associated with a reduced rate of exacerbations (oral corticosteroid course due to worsening asthma, antibiotic use for lower respiratory tract infection, hospitalisation and/or emergency department visits) in asthma as well as in the noneosinophilic, eosinophilic and severe asthma subgroups. Examining each exacerbation type separately, patients with eosinophilic asthma reported fewer oral corticosteroid courses, and patients with noneosinophilic and severe asthma reported fewer antibiotic courses. Azithromycin was well tolerated.

Discussion

Maintenance use of azithromycin reduces exacerbations in patients with eosinophilic, noneosinophilic and severe asthma.
Effect of Facile p-Doping on Electrical and Optoelectronic Characteristics of Ambipolar WSe2 Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Seo Junseok , Cho Kyungjune , Lee Woocheol , Shin Jiwon , Kim Jae-Keun , Kim Jaeyoung , Pak Jinsu , Lee Takhee
Published: September 2019

We investigated the electrical and optoelectronic characteristics of ambipolar WSe2 field-effect transistors (FETs) via facile p-doping process during the thermal annealing in ambient. Through this annealing, the oxygen molecules were successfully doped into the WSe2 surface, which ensured higher p-type conductivity and the shift of the transfer curve to the positive gate voltage direction. Besides, considerably improved photoswitching response characteristics of ambipolar WSe2 FETs were achieved by the annealing in ambient. To explore the origin of the changes in electrical and optoelectronic properties, the analyses via X-ray photoelectron, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopies were performed. From these analyses, it turned out that WO3 layers formed by the annealing in ambient introduced p-doping to ambipolar WSe2 FETs, and disorders originated from the WO3/WSe2 interfaces acted as non-radiative recombination sites, leading to significantly improved photoswitching response time characteristics.
Comparison of intracorporeal and extracorporeal urinary diversions after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in females with bladder cancer
Authors: Wu Liyuan , Yang Feiya , Song Liming , Xiao Zejun , Han Sujun , Wu Song , Liu Sai , He Qingbao , Xing Nianzeng
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To compare the peri-operative outcomes of females undergoing laparoscopic intracorporeal urinary diversions (ICUD) and extracorporeal urinary diversions (ECUD) after laparoscopic radical cystectomies (LRC).

Patients and methods

Thirty-eight females who underwent LRCs and urinary diversions from February 2008 to October 2018 were divided into two groups: the ECUD group (19 patients) and the ICUD group (19 patients). We retrospectively analysed the patients in terms of patients’ demographics, peri-operative outcomes, and oncological follow-ups.

Results

There were significant differences in the mean operative times between ECUDs and ICUDs (364.6 vs. 297.1 min,p = 0.007), transfusion rates (37% vs. 5%,p = 0.042), time to flatus (5 vs. 3 days,p = 0.020), time to ambulation (2 vs. 1 days,p = 0.022), and duration of postoperative hospital stays (22 vs. 13 days,p = 0.002). The mean lymph node yield was 12.9 in the ECUD group and 18.6 in the ICUD group (p = 0.140). Seven out of 19 patients (37%) in the ECUD group and 6 out of 19 patients (32%) in the ICUD group had positive lymph nodes (p > 0.9). Two out of 19 ECUD patients (11%) and 4 of 19 ICUD patients (21%) had positive surgical margins (p = 0.660). Although there were no differences in major complications at 30 days and in all complications at 90 days, the Clavien grade II complications were significantly different at 30 days (ECUD 8, ICUD 2;p = 0.026). The mean follow-up times were 48.7 months (ECUD group) and 26.4 months (ICUD group). There were no statistically significant differences in estimated glomerular filtration rates postoperatively (p = 0.516). Seven patients had disease metastases (ECUD 2 out of 19, ICUD 5 out of 19;p = 0.405) and 5 died (ECUD 3 out of 19, ICUD 2 out of 19;p > 0.9).

Conclusions

ICUDs benefit females by having smaller incisions, faster recoveries, and decreased complication rates.
E6 and E7 gene polymorphisms in human papillomavirus Type-6 identified in Southwest China
Authors: Chen Zuyi , Li Qiongyao , Huang Jian , Li Jin , Yang Feng , Min Xun , Chen Zehui
Published: September 2019

Background

Human papillomavirus type-6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts both men and women. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity among HPV6 in Southwest China, and to investigate the origin of, selective pressure experienced by, and impact of the resultantly identified genetic variants on the HPV6 secondary structure.

Methods

Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Maximum-likelihood and the Kimura 2-parameters methods by Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. The diversity of secondary structure was analyzed by PSIPred software. The selection pressures acting on the E6/E7 genes were estimated by Phylogenetic Analyses by Maximum Likelihood version 4.8 software.

Results

HPV6 was the most prevalent low risk HPV type in southwest China. In total, 143 E6 and E7 gene sequences of HPV6 isolated from patients were sequenced and compared to GenBank HPV6 reference sequence X00203. The results of these analyses revealed that both the HPV6 E6 and E7 were highly conserved within the analyzed patient samples, and comprised only 3 types of variant sequence, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of HPV6 E6 and E7 sequences revealed seven/five single-nucleotide mutations, two/four and five/one of which were non-synonymous and synonymous, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses of the E6 and E7 sequences indicated that they belonged to sub-lineage A1 and sub-lineage B1, whereas the selective pressure analyses showed that only the E7 mutation sites 4R, 34E, and 52F were positive selection.

Conclusions

HPV6 (detection rate = 13.10%) was very prevalent in southwest China, both the HPV6 E6 and E7 sequences were highly conserved within the analyzed patient samples in southwest China, indicating that the low risk HPV6 can adapt to the environment well without much evolution.
Incidence and death in 29 cancer groups in 2017 and trend analysis from 1990 to 2017 from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Lin Longfei , Yan Lei , Liu Yuling , Yuan Fang , Li Hui , Ni Jian
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Cancer has become the second most serious disease threatening human health, followed by cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to quantitatively estimate the mortality, morbidity, and analyze the trends of 29 cancer groups in 195 countries/regions between 1990 and 2017.

Methods

Detailed information of 29 cancer groups were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2017 and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized death rates (ASDR) of 29 cancer groups were calculated based on gender, age, region, and country. Trend analyses were conducted for major cancer types.

Results

In 2017, the global death population caused by cancer reached 9 million, which was nearly twice the number in 1990. The ASDR and ASIR of cancer in males were about 1.5 times those of females. Breast cancer showed the highest mortality rate in females in 2017. Individuals aged over 50 are at high risk of developing cancer and the number of cases and deaths in this age group accounted for more than 80% of all cancers in all age groups. Asia has the heaviest cancer burden due to its large population density. Different cancers in varied countries globally have their own characteristics. The ASDR and ASIR of some major cancers demonstrated changes from 1990 to 2017.

Conclusions

Analyses of these data provided basis for future investigations to the common etiological factors, leading to the occurrence of different cancers, the development of prevention strategies based on local characteristics, socioeconomic and other conditions, and the formulation of more targeted interventions.
Leveraging the lessons learned from financing HIV programs to advance the universal health coverage (UHC) agenda in the East African Community
Authors: Zakumumpa Henry , Bennett Sara , Ssengooba Freddie
Published: September 2019

Background

Although there is broad consensus around the need to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) in Sub-Saharan Africa, the financing strategies for achieving it are still unclear. We sought to leverage the lessons learned in financing HIV programs over the past two decades to inform efforts to advance the universal health coverage agenda in the East African Community.

Methods

We conducted a literature review of studies reporting financing mechanisms for HIV programs between 2004 and 2014. This review is further underpinned by evidence from a mixed-methods study entailing a survey of 195 health facilities across Uganda supplemented with 18 semi-structured interviews with HIV service managers.

Results

Our data shows that there are six broad HIV financing strategies with potential for application to the universal health coverage agenda in the East African Community (EAC); i) Bi-lateral and multi-lateral funding vehicles: The establishment of HIV-specific global financing vehicles such as PEPFAR and The Global Fund heralded an era of unprecedented levels of international funding of up to $ 500 billion over the past two decades ii) Eliciting private sector contribution to HIV funding: The private sector’s financial contribution to HIV services was leveraged through innovative engagement and collaborative interventions iii) Private sector-led alternative HIV financing mechanisms: The introduction of ‘VIP’ HIV clinics, special ‘HIV insurance’ schemes and the rise of private philanthropic aid were important alternatives to the traditional sources of funding iv) Commodity social marketing: Commodity social marketing campaigns led to an increase in condom use among low-income earners v) The use of vouchers: Issuing of HIV-test vouchers to the poor was an important demand-side financing approach vi) Earmark HIV taxes: Several countries in Africa have introduced ‘special HIV’ taxes to boost domestic HIV funding.

Conclusions

The lessons learned from financing HIV programs suggest that a hybrid of funding strategies are advisable in the quest to achieve UHC in EAC partner states. The contribution of the private sector is indispensable and can be enhanced through targeted interventions towards UHC goals.
Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of the Value of Microsatellite Instability As a Biomarker in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pietrantonio Filippo , Miceli Rosalba , Raimondi Alessandra , Kim Young Woo , Kang Won Ki , Langley Ruth E. , Choi Yoon Young , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Nankivell Matthew Guy , Morano Federica , Wotherspoon Andrew , Valeri Nicola , Kook Myeong-Cherl , An Ji Yeong , Grabsch Heike I. , Fucà Giovanni , Noh Sung Hoon , Sohn Tae Sung , Kim Sung , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Cunningham David , Lee Jeeyun , Cheong Jae-Ho , Smyth Elizabeth Catherine
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

In the CLASSIC and MAGIC trials, microsatellite instability (MSI)–high status was a favorable prognostic and potential negative predictive factor for neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable gastric cancer (GC). Given the low prevalence of MSI-high status in GC and its association with other positive prognostic variables, large data sets are needed to draw robust evidence of its prognostic/predictive value.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We performed a multinational, individual-patient-data meta-analysis of the prognostic/predictive role of MSI in patients with resectable GC enrolled in the MAGIC, CLASSIC, ARTIST, and ITACA-S trials. Prognostic analyses used multivariable Cox models (MVM). The predictive role of MSI was assessed both in an all-comer population and in MAGIC and CLASSIC trials by MVM testing of the interaction of treatment (chemotherapy plus surgery v surgery) with MSI.

RESULTS

MSI status was available for 1,556 patients: 121 (7.8%) had MSI-high status; 576 were European, and 980 were Asian. In MSI-high versus MSI-low/microsatellite stable (MSS) comparisons, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 71.8% (95% CI, 63.8% to 80.7%) versus 52.3% (95% CI, 49.7% to 55.1%); the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 77.5% (95% CI, 70.0% to 85.8%) versus 59.3% (95% CI, 56.6% to 62.1%). In MVM, MSI was associated with longer DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.76; P < .001) and OS (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.73; P = .008), as were pT, pN, ethnicity, and treatment. Patients with MSI-low/MSS GC benefitted from chemotherapy plus surgery: the 5-year DFS compared with surgery only was 57% versus 41% (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.79), and the 5-year OS was 62% versus 53% (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.94). Conversely, those with MSI-high GC did not: the 5-year DFS was 70% versus 77% (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.53 to 3.04), and the 5-year OS was 75% versus 83% (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.55 to 4.12).

CONCLUSION

In patients with resectable primary GC, MSI is a robust prognostic marker that should be adopted as a stratification factor by clinical trials. Chemotherapy omission and/or immune checkpoint blockade should be investigated prospectively in MSI-high GCs according to clinically and pathologically defined risk of relapse.
Susan G. Komen Big Data for Breast Cancer Initiative: How Patient Advocacy Organizations Can Facilitate Using Big Data to Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Jourquin Jerome , Reffey Stephanie Birkey , Jernigan Cheryl , Levy Mia , Zinser Glendon , Sabelko Kimberly , Pietenpol Jennifer , Sledge George
Published: September 2019

Integrating different types of data, including electronic health records, imaging data, administrative and claims databases, large data repositories, the Internet of Things, genomics, and other omics data, is both a challenge and an opportunity that must be tackled head on. We explore some of the challenges and opportunities in optimizing data integration to accelerate breast cancer discovery and improve patient outcomes. Susan G. Komen convened three meetings (2015, 2017, and 2018) with various stakeholders to discuss challenges, opportunities, and next steps to enhance the use of big data in the field of breast cancer. Meeting participants agreed that big data approaches can enhance the identification of better therapies, improve outcomes, reduce disparities, and optimize precision medicine. One challenge is that databases must be shared, linked with each other, standardized, and interoperable. Patients want to be active participants in research and their own care, and to control how their data are used. Many patients have privacy concerns and do not understand how sharing their data can help to effectively drive discovery. Public education is essential, and breast cancer researchers who are skilled in using and analyzing big data are needed. Patient advocacy groups can play multiple roles to help maximize and leverage big data to better serve patients. Komen is committed to educating patients on big data issues, encouraging data sharing by all stakeholders, assisting in training the next generation of data science breast cancer researchers, and funding research projects that will use real-life data in real time to revolutionize the way breast cancer is understood and treated.
Differential Resting State Connectivity Responses to Glycemic State in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Parikh Lisa , Seo Dongju , Lacadie Cheryl , Belfort-Deaguiar Renata , Groskreutz Derek , Hamza Muhammad , Dai Feng , Scheinost Dustin , Sinha Rajita , Todd Constable R , Sherwin Robert , Hwang Janice Jin
Published: September 2019

Context

Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have alterations in brain activity that have been postulated to contribute to the adverse neurocognitive consequences of T1DM; however, the impact of T1DM and hypoglycemic unawareness on the brain’s resting state activity remains unclear.

Objective

To determine whether individuals with T1DM and hypoglycemia unawareness (T1DM-Unaware) had changes in the brain resting state functional connectivity compared to healthy controls (HC) and those with T1DM and hypoglycemia awareness (T1DM-Aware).

Design

Observational study.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Participants

27 individuals with T1DM and 12 HC volunteers participated in the study.

Intervention

All participants underwent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) resting state functional magnetic brain imaging during a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (90 mg/dL)–hypoglycemic (60 mg/dL) clamp.

Outcome

Changes in resting state functional connectivity.

Results

Using 2 separate methods of functional connectivity analysis, we identified distinct differences in the resting state brain responses to mild hypoglycemia between HC, T1DM-Aware, and T1DM-Unaware participants, particularly in the angular gyrus, an integral component of the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, changes in angular gyrus connectivity also correlated with greater symptoms of hypoglycemia (r = 0.461, P = 0.003) as well as higher scores of perceived stress (r = 0.531, P = 0.016).

Conclusion

These findings provide evidence that individuals with T1DM have changes in the brain’s resting state connectivity patterns, which may be further associated with differences in awareness to hypoglycemia. These changes in connectivity may be associated with alterations in functional outcomes among individuals with T1DM.
Efficacy and Safety of First- and Second-Line Drugs to Prevent Glucocorticoid-Induced Fractures
Authors: Ding Liangliang , Hu Jinxi , Wang Dehua , Liu Qi , Mo Yuxia , Tan Xiang , Wen Fei
Published: September 2019

Context

The evidence about benefits and harms of drugs for glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is limited, and the comparative efficacy and safety of first-line and second-line agents to prevent GC-induced (GI) fractures remains unclear.

Objective

To assess the comparative clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of first-line and second-line agents in preventing GI fractures.

Data Sources

We searched 3 different databases through March 5, 2019.

Study Selection

We included randomized controlled trials enrolling patients receiving long-term GCs and compared a first-line and second-line agent with one another and with placebo.

Data Extraction

Two reviewers independently extracted study and participant characteristics and outcome data.

Data Synthesis

We performed multivariate random-effects network meta-analyses including base, 3 subgroups, and 12 sensitivity analyses. We included 22 papers from 19 unique trials involving 4328 patients receiving GCs. Teriparatide (risk ratio [RR] 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.47), denosumab (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.49), and risedronate (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19–0.58) reduced the risk of GI vertebral fractures, and the former 2 were the most efficacious according to violin plots including the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values calculated by base and sensitivity analyses. Oral alendronate (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.93) reduced this risk in patients receiving GCs with at least 7.5 mg/day, while intravenous ibandronate (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06–0.99) was efficacious for the primary prevention of GIOP. Six drugs were similar in terms of the 5 other outcomes.

Conclusions

In terms of clinical efficacy and safety, second-line teriparatide and denosumab pose a challenge to first-line oral bisphosphonates for prevention of GI fractures.
Reversion of tumor hepatocytes to normal hepatocytes during liver tumor regression in an oncogene-expressing transgenic zebrafish model
Authors: Li Yan , Agrawal Ira , Gong Zhiyuan
Published: September 2019

Tumors are frequently dependent on primary oncogenes to maintain their malignant properties (known as ‘oncogene addiction’). We have previously established several inducible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models in zebrafish by transgenic expression of an oncogene. These tumor models are strongly oncogene addicted, as the induced and histologically proven liver tumors regress after suppression of oncogene expression by removal of a chemical inducer. However, the question of whether the liver tumor cells are eliminated or revert to normal cells remains unanswered. In the present study, we generated a novel Cre/loxP transgenic zebrafish line, Tg(fabp10: loxP-EGFP-stop-loxP-DsRed; TRE: CreERT2) (abbreviated to CreER), in order to trace tumor cell lineage during tumor regression after crossing with the xmrk (activated EGFR homolog) oncogene transgenic line, Tg(fabp10: rtTA; TRE: xmrk; krt4: EGFP). We found that, during HCC regression, restored normal liver contained both reverted tumor hepatocytes (RFP+) and newly differentiated hepatocytes (GFP+). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of the RFP+ and GFP+ hepatocyte populations after tumor regression confirmed the conversion of tumor cells to normal hepatocytes, as most of the genes and pathways that were deregulated in the tumor stages were found to have normal regulation in the tumor-reverted hepatocytes. Thus, our lineage-tracing studies demonstrated the potential for transformed tumor cells to revert to normal cells after suppression of expression of a primary oncogene. This observation may provide a basis for the development of a therapeutic approach targeting addicted oncogenes or oncogenic pathways.
Effect of Zeolite Topology on Cu Active Site Formation for NO Direct Decomposition
Authors: Ohata Yusuke , Nishitoba Toshiki , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Moteki Takahiko , Ogura Masaru
Published: September 2019

The formation of Cu active sites for nitric oxide (NO) direct decomposition on ZSM-5, mordenite, and low Si/Al beta zeolites under similar Cu ion-exchange conditions was investigated. On all the Cu-zeolites applied in this work, it was observed that with an increase in the Cu ion-exchange level, catalytic activity for NO direct decomposition increased with an S-shaped curve. However, it was demonstrated that the efficiency of Cu active site formation for NO direct decomposition on the zeolites is affected by the zeolite topology. For the zeolites applied in this work, the efficiency of Cu active site formation follows the order: ZSM-5 ∼ mordenite > beta. It was revealed by NO probe IR measurements that Cu ion on different zeolites possesses different oxidation state distribution (Cu+/Cu2+ ratio) and coordination environment, suggesting that they are the origin of the different efficiencies for Cu active site formation for NO direct decomposition. The interpretation of our results combined with previous discussion on the structure of Cu active sites on the ZSM-5 zeolite suggests that the distribution of ion-exchange sites in the zeolite frameworks can affect the oxidation state distribution and coordination environment of Cu sites on the zeolites.
Signal processing of C-RTD Sensor output as the input to the instrument of low temperature monitoring using Arduino Uno Rev.3
Authors: Rismawan Rismawan , Toifur Moh.
Published: September 2019

The C-RTD (Coil-Resistance Temperature Detector) output signal is an analog signal in the form of a direct voltage. This value changes with changes in RTD temperature. This analog signal can be read by users using a multimeter or similar device but does not directly indicate the RTD temperature. In order to obtain RTD temperature values, an additional device is required. In order to have a useful value and practicality, a device that can convert analog signals into values can be read directly by the user. The microcontroller was chosen as a used device. The selected microcontroller system is Arduino Uno because has been coupled with input and output ports so users only need to enter programs related to the system being created. In the other hand Arduino Uno by considering the low cost and practical. For the measurement system, the RTD output signal must be conditioned into a digital signal using the ADC so that it can be processed by the microcontroller. From testing instrument obtained that the system has been able to convert analog RTD signals into digital signals. The range of measurement is -176°C to  0°C with an accuracy of ± 0.20 / mV.
An Experiment Design for Determining the Volume of Traditional Eucalyptus Oil with Variations in Fluid Flow Speed
Authors: Siregar Nur Hamida , Toifur Moh. , Pramudya Yudhiakto
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to determine the volume of traditional eucalyptus oil from distillation with variations in fluid flow velocity. The method of distillation was distillation with water (water distillation). The material was eucalyptus leaves. To determine the volume of eucalyptus oil produced by distillation, the distillation device was set at the height of the condenser to the source of flow fluid, which was at an altitude of 15 cm, 25 cm, 35 cm, 45 cm, and 55 cm. Variation in the height of the condenser would affect the fluid flow rate. The faster the fluid flow rate, the greater the convection coefficient so that it increased the heat transfer rate. This results in greater volume (capacity) of oil produced. From these experimental results, most volumes of eucalyptus oil obtained from the distillation was obtained at 55 cm of the height of condenser with 3.6 mLof oil volume.
An Analysis of Graduate Students’ Conceptual Understanding in Heat and Temperature (H&T) Using Three-Tier Diagnostic Test
Authors: Sukarelawan Moh. Irma , Jumadi Jumadi , Rahman Nurulhuda Abdul
Published: September 2019

There have been many studies that investigate H&T misconceptions among students in Indonesia but the respondents are usually limited to senior high school students. This study aims to analyse the conceptual understanding in H&T concepts of Masters of Physics Education students with a focus on identifying their misconceptions.The study employs the survey research design and data were collected using a three-tier diagnostic test. Twelve Masters of Physics Education students who are enrolled in one of the private universities in Yogyakarta City took part in the study. They were selected using the convenient sampling technique. Data on conceptual understanding involve both quantitative and qualitative data. As such, the data was analysed based on the percentage of student response patterns. Results showed that the majority of students (62.5%) have some form of misconceptions about the concepts of H&T and only 22.9% hold the scientifically accepted conceptions. The most common misconception held by the students is that both H&T depend on the material of an object. Other descriptions of conceptual understanding are False Positive (4.2%), False Negative (4.2%), and Lack of Knowledge (6.2%). Interestingly, none of the students made a lucky guess in responding to the test items. We conclude that the pattern in conceptual understanding specifically that of misconceptions are ubiquitous regardless of the level of study. Years of learning have failed to address misconceptions among students even at the graduate level. This result has implications on how learning should be designed to actively resolve the issue of misconceptions among students.
Synthesis of Strongly Scattering Structures
Authors: Fiddy M. A. , Kanaev A. , Shahid U. , Testorf M.
Published: September 2019

We describe a nonlinear filtering method which can be applied to the inverse scattering problem. It requires the addition of an artificial reference wave to the scattered field data in order to create a minimum phase function. This property then permits linear filtering in the cepstral domain of the estimate for the secondary source function, from which the scattering permittivity distribution can be deduced. This approach can be applied to measured data or to specified scattering data and hence provides a method for the design, i.e. synthesis, of strongly scattering structures.
Recovery of Myosin Filament Positions in Muscle Electron Micrographs
Authors: Yoon C.H. , Bones P.J. , Millane R.P.
Published: September 2019

Location of myosin filaments in electron micrographs of muscle cross-sections is difficult because of contrast variations and noise in the images. Two algorithms that incorporate a priori information, in the form of lattice regularity, in the solution in different ways are described and compared.
Complementary Compensation in the Presence of Fixed Aberrations
Authors: Zaugg T.C. , Paxman R.G.
Published: September 2019

Image restoration in a sparse-aperture optical system with fixed aberrations can be improved by actuating between frames so as to eliminate nulls in the original MTF which otherwise cause the noise to become amplified.
Iterative methods for the reconstruction of LINC-NIRVANA images
Authors: Anconelli B. , Bertero M. , Boccacci P. , Carbillet M. , Lanteri H.
Published: September 2019

The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) will require routinely the use of multiple-image deconvolution methods. We present the methods and software we have developed for this data reduction problem.
Early Alterations of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Patterns in the Guinea Pig Cochlea After Noise Exposure
Authors: Heinrich Ulf R. , Schmidtmann Irene , Meuser Regina , Ernst Benjamin P. , Wünsch Desiree , Siemer Svenja , Gribko Alena , Stauber Roland H. , Strieth Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Constitutively expressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is supposed to play a role in noise-induced nitric oxide (NO)-production. It is commonly known that intense noise exposure results in inducible NOS (iNOS) expression and increased NO-production, but knowledge about a contribution of the eNOS isoform is still lacking. Effects of noise exposure on eNOS immunolabeling were determined in male guinea pigs ( n=24). For light microscopic analysis, 11 animals were exposed to 90 dB for 1 hr and 6 animals were used as controls. After exposure, eNOS immunostaining was performed on paraffin sections, and the staining intensities were quantified for 4 cochlear regions. For electron microscopic analysis, 2 animals were exposed for 2 hr to 90 dB and 5 animals were used as controls. The intensity of eNOS immunolabeling was found to be already comprehensively increased 1 hr after noise exposure to 90 dB. At the ultrastructural level, a clear increase in eNOS immunolabeling was found in microtubules-rich areas of cochlear cuticular structures. Hence, our findings indicate that the reticular lamina forming the endolymph–perilymph barrier at the apical side of the organ of Corti is involved in a fast intrinsic otoprotective mechanism of the cochlea.
Estado, Religión y Educación: una discusión de la ADI 4439
Authors: Marques De Vasconcelos Jonnas Esmeraldo
Published: September 2019

En 2010, la Fiscalía General de la República de Brasil presentó una acción directa de inconstitucionalidad (ADI) nº 4439 solicitando que el Tribunal Supremo analizara los artículos de la Ley de Directrices y Bases de la Educación Nacional (Ley nº 9.349/96) y el Concordato firmado entre Brasil y la Santa Sede Decreto nº 7.107/10), que tratan de la educación religiosa. Buscando contribuir al debate, reavivado en torno a la ADI 4439, este texto se divide en tres partes. La primera parte trata de definir el concepto y la importancia de la laicidad. A continuación, se analiza la historia de la laicidad en Brasil, centrándose en el tema de la educación. Finalmente, se presentan puntos de vista sobre la forma en que se podría interpretar "educación religiosa" a la luz de la laicidad.
DISCUSSÕES SOBRE CORPOS GÊNEROS E SEXUALIDADES NA SEMANA AVALIATIVA DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Silva Peterson Fernando Kepps , Maximilla Naiana Ribeiro , Schwantes Lavínia
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho trata-se de um relato de experiência desenvolvido em uma turma de 8° ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do município de Pelotas, RS. Um dos autores é professor da disciplina de Ciências e, ao final de um trimestre, realizou uma série de atividades com os estudantes envolvendo a discussão de corpos, gêneros e sexualidades. Focamos detalhar neste relato as experiências que tivemos com duas atividades desenvolvidas com a turma. Percebemos, de modo geral, que os estudantes se motivaram com o trabalho proposto, bem como promoveram problematizações acerca de questões como machismo, preconceitos, discriminações e HIV/AIDS.
GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE NAS REDES VIVENCIADAS NO COTIDIANO DAS ESCOLAS
Authors: Silva Patrick Dos Santos
Published: September 2019

Mesmo que os/as educadores/as tentem negar as dimensões da sexualidade, no ambiente escolar, os/as educandos/as protagonizam- na em conversas na sala de aula, nos namoros, nos bilhetes trocados. Na tentativa de quebrar tabus e desenvolver uma sexualidade saudável e sem preconceitos, foi desenvolvido na xxxxxxxx[1] o projeto de pesquisa: “Gênero e sexualidade nas redes vivenciadas pelos/as professores/as no cotidiano das escolas”. O trabalho buscou acompanhar os fluxos das escolas, em suas redes de intensidades e os processos de subjetivação implícitos nas produções dos/das professores/as no que se refere ao gênero e sexualidade. Inspirada na pesquisa cartográfica no/dos/com os cotidianos, sugerimos oportunizar outras formas de ver, pensar e compreender a temática (DELEUZE, 1998; ROLNIK, 2011). Nesse sentido, nos interessamos por acompanhar como as experiências vivenciadas nesses ambientes são reinventadas pelos/as professores/as resignificando a sua formação.Palavras- chave: Gênero. Sexualidade. Cotidianos Escolares. [1] Optamos por utilizar xxxxxxxx, a fim de manter o anonimato no momento da apreciação da proposta.