bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Hat‐like PdAu Alloy Open Nanostructures with Improved Oxidase‐like Activities
Authors: Zhang Chunxian , Ma Yanyun , Lv Jingning , Yuan Yiru , Jia Qinglei , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Yiqun
Published: June 2022

Controlled assembly of two‐dimensional (2D) noble metal nanocrystals into three‐dimensional (3D) open architecture with reasonable interparticle distance is of great value to solve the re‐stacking issue for practical application, which yet achieves limited progress for bimetallic nanocrystals. Herein, we report the synthesis of hat‐like palladium‐gold (PdAu) alloy nanocrystals with the building block of nanosheet and explored their catalytic properties when serving as oxidase‐like nanoenzyme. The success of current synthesis lies on the co‐reduction of Au and Pd precursors under kinetics‐controlled condition, together with the use of glutathione molecules as the shape‐directing agent. The use of OTAC as capping agent is crucial for the unique morphology, where wire‐like and quasi‐spherical products are obtained, respectively, when the capping agent is replaced by CTAB and CTAC, respectively. Systematic investigations reveal that the oxidase‐like activities of these PdAu nanocrystals are highly morphology‐dependent. In particular, the PdAu alloy nanohats displayed the highest oxidase‐like activity, as well as a wide linear range (100–5000 μM) and low detection limit (25 μM). The present study drives the development of synthetic strategies that allows the construction of 2D bimetallic nanocrystals with a 3D open structure, and validates their improved performance as nanoenzyme towards practical sensing applications, which may find important use in the rational design of biocatalysis, bioassays, and nano‐biomedicine.
Research Progress on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Based on CsPbBr3 Perovskite Materials
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Zhang Fengjun , Wang Yingrui , Ma Jie
Published: June 2022

Inorganic metal halide perovskites have rapidly become one of the most promising materials in the 21st century and have been widely used in the field of photocatalysis in recent years. In this review, the structure of inorganic metal halide perovskite materials and the related preparation methods of inorganic metal halide perovskite materials with CsPbBr3 as an example were first described. The application of different CsPbBr3 composites as photocatalyst in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 was introduced in detail. In addition, the possible challenges of CsPbBr3 in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 are discussed and the application of CsPbBr3 basal photocatalysts in this field is prospected, which provides a new research direction for improving the photocatalytic performance of inorganic metal halide perovskite materials in the future.
Body composition assessment by artificial intelligence from routine computed tomography scans in colorectal cancer: Introducing BodySegAI
Authors: Alavi Dena Helene , Sakinis Tomas , Henriksen Hege Berg , Beichmann Benedicte , Fløtten Ann‐Monica , Blomhoff Rune , Lauritzen Peter Mæhre
Published: June 2022

Background

Body composition is of clinical importance in colorectal cancer patients, but is rarely assessed because of time‐consuming manual segmentation. We developed and tested BodySegAI, a deep learning‐based software for automated body composition quantification from routinely acquired computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods

A two‐dimensional U‐Net convolutional network was trained on 2989 abdominal CT slices from L2 to S1 to segment skeletal muscle (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Human ground truth was established by combining segmentations from three human readers. BodySegAI was tested using 154 slices against the human ground truth and compared with a software named AutoMATiCA.

Results

Median Dice scores for BodySegAI against human ground truth were 0.969, 0.814, 0.986, and 0.990 for SM, IMAT, VAT, and SAT, respectively. The mean differences per slice for SM were −0.09 cm3, IMAT: −0.17 cm3, VAT: −0.12 cm3, and SAT: 0.67 cm3. Median absolute errors for SM, IMAT, VAT, and SAT were 1.35, 10.54, 0.91, and 1.07%, respectively. When analysing different anatomical levels separately, L3 and S1 demonstrated the overall highest and lowest Dice scores, respectively. On average, BodySegAI segmented 148 times faster than human readers (4.9 vs. 726.5 seconds, P < 0.001). Also, BodySegAI presented higher Dice scores for SM, IMAT, SAT, and VAT than AutoMATiCA (slices = 154).

Conclusions

BodySegAI rapidly generates excellent segmentation of SM, VAT, and SAT and good segmentation of IMAT in L2 to S1 among colorectal cancer patients and may replace semi‐manual segmentation.
Exploring the moderating effects of corporate social responsibility performance under mimetic pressures. An international analysis
Authors: Zampone Giovanni , Sannino Giuseppe , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is threefold. Firstly, it is aimed at ascertaining whether, in seeking social legitimization, companies disclose CSR information as a response to mimetic pressures. Secondly, it ascertains whether, by seeking economic legitimization, companies with superior CSR performance disclose CSR information to differentiate themselves from low‐performing counterparts. Thirdly, it examines the moderating effects of CSR performance in the relationship between mimetic pressures and CSR disclosure, exploring how the social and economic legitimacy influence in tandem the CSR disclosure. The study is based on a sample of 10,395 firm‐year observations coming from 1,993 international companies that released their CSR report in the 2011–2017 timespan. The results, in addition to demonstrating that both mimetic pressures and CSR performance have a positive bearing on the disclosure of CSR information, suggest that the interaction between mimetic pressures and CSR performance has an additive positive effect on CSR disclosure.
Management plans as resources in conservation conflicts
Authors: Peltola Taru , Arpin Isabelle , Leino Johanna , Peltonen Lasse , Ratamäki Outi , Salmi Pekka
Published: June 2022

This article examines the capacity of management plans to respond to conflicts arising in conservation planning and management. As a widely adopted policy tool for nature conservation, management plans are often prepared in situations with diverging interests. Our starting point is that these plans inevitably influence planning situations, and the conflicts emerging in these situations, even though conflict resolution may not be their primary purpose. Inspired by Lucy Suchman's work on plans in technology development, we analyse the situated effects of four management plans dealing with wildlife and land‐use conflicts. Based on the analysis, we identify features that increase the sensitivity of management plans to power asymmetries in planning situations. We suggest that attentiveness to power effects is a step towards ‘uncomfortable planning’, a principle identified by Rafael Ramirez and Jerome Ravetz to be key in responding to the possibility that plans in uncertain, complex and controversial situations make things worse. Uncomfortable planning seeks to involve the peripheral voices and experiences that plans tend to neglect and that often form the roots of conflicts in planning. Adhering to uncomfortable planning is thus a way to enhance the aptitude of management plans as tools in contentious conservation planning situations.
Hydrogen Compatibility of Polymers for Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Morsbach Svenja , Giersch Dominik , Zhang Kai A. I. , Schüßling Annett , Weberskirch Dirk , Börger Alexander
Published: June 2022

So far, hydrogen compatibility of polymer materials was investigated, focusing on gaining insight in general degradation mechanisms. However, this is not yet sufficient for purposes of safety and performance requirements, for example, in the automotive industry and especially, the corresponding advanced material development, which needs meaningful and comprehensive data for prospective long time intervals. Therefore, herein, the applicability of forced aging regimes and the suitability of different analytical techniques for clarification of the underlying mechanisms are focused on. The study analyzes the behavior of polyether ether ketone, (thermoplastic) polyurethane and fluoroelastomer materials after prolonged aging in hydrogen atmosphere under pressure as it occurs in hydrogen fuel‐cell vehicles. Material changes are investigated by electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and gas sorption measurements. Especially thermogravimetry turns out to indicate subtle material changes that are important indications for material choice.
Numerical Evaluation of Novel Bio‐Photovoltaic Devices Inspired by Photosynthetic Process and High Poly (3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly (styrenesulfonate) Efficacy as Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Habibi Maryam , Faizabadi Edris , Riazi Gholamhossein , Ajeian Rasul
Published: June 2022

Organic‐based photosystem I (PSI) protein complex bio‐solar cells have appeared as strong candidates for very low‐cost and environmentally friendly photovoltaic devices. The main challenge is their low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Such bottleneck stage in efficiency could be improved from the aspects of the absorber layer and carrier transporting layers. The proposed efficient, eco‐friendly, and simple procedure by applying a uniform pulsed electric field to align PSI dipoles leads to improved significant efficiency. Herein, the experimentally found functional data to benchmark cells have been employed to validate the first PSI numerical model using solar cell capacitance simulator‐1D for the first time. Simulation results show a reasonable agreement with those of experimental. The performance response of the second indium tin oxide/PEDOT: PSS/PSI/Au model is evaluated by varying the physical parameters of the hole transport layer (HTL). PCE characteristic achieved a fourfold increment in the crucial conduction band offset region owing to the reasonable barrier formation of electrons in the HTL/absorber interface. The optimum doping concentration is authorized at a certain μp > 10−2 cm2 V−1 S−1 with an HTL thickness in the order of 102 nm estimating an efficient numerical model compared to the HTL‐free cell.
EphA4 regulates white matter remyelination after ischemic stroke through Ephexin‐1/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Cui , Han Song , Zheng Jiayin , Wang Hongyu , Li Shujuan , Li Junfa
Published: June 2022

Ischemic stroke, which accounts for nearly 80% of all strokes, leads to white matter injury and neurobehavioral dysfunction, but relevant therapies to inhibit demyelination or promote remyelination after white matter injury are still unavailable. In this study, the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in vivo and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro were used to establish the ischemic models. We found that Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) had no effect on the apoptosis of oligodendrocytes using TUNEL staining. In contrast, EphA4 promoted proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but reduced the numbers of mature oligodendrocytes and the levels of myelin‐associated proteins (MAG, MOG, and MBP) in the process of remyelination in ischemic models in vivo and in vitro as determined using PDGFRα‐EphA4‐shRNA and LV‐EphA4 treatments. Notably, conditional knockout of EphA4 in OPCs (EphA4fl/fl + AAV‐PDGFRα‐Cre) improved the levels of myelin‐associated proteins and functional recovery following ischemic stroke. In addition, regulation of remyelination by EphA4 was mediated by the Ephexin‐1/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Therefore, EphA4 did not affect oligodendrocyte (OL) apoptosis but regulated white matter remyelination after ischemic stroke through the Ephexin‐1/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. EphA4 may provide a novel and effective therapeutic target in clinical practice of ischemic stroke.
Scanning electron microscopic identification of ten novel, non‐edible oil seeds for bioenergy production
Authors: Rozina  , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Dawood Sumreen
Published: June 2022

Biodiesel is a sustainable, inexpensive, and alternative energy source produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. Precise and authentic identification of oil yielding plant species is very crucial. Therefore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed in our current investigation to study micromorphological characteristics of ten novel oil yielding seeds for their reliable identification. Macromorphological characters of sample seeds were explored by light microscopy. Seed size varied from 16 to 6.2 mm in length and 18.4–4.5 mm in width. Seed shape varied from ovoid to cordial and color from beige to brown. Seed oil content ranged from 25% to 45% (w/w). Whereas free fatty acid (FFA) content of seed oil varied from 0.42 to 3.4 mg KOH/g. Biodiesel potential of Chamaerops humilis was found to be highest (98%) in all. Besides, ultra‐structural observation of seeds demonstrated variation in surface sculpturing which varied from rugous, reticulate, perforate, striate, and webby. Periclinal wall arrangements varied from rough, ridged, depressed, thick and curved whereas, anticlinal walls pattern showed variation from wavy, smooth, raised, deep and depressed. It was ultimately concluded that Scanning electron microscopy could serve as an advanced tool representing hidden ultra‐structural characters of seeds. It offers significant knowledge to researchers and local community for their accurate and genuine identification.

Research Highlights

Non‐edible oil yielding seeds as promising source of bioenergy.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as reliable tool for identification.

Variation in Micromorphological characters among selected seeds.

Classification of non‐edible oil yielding plants via micromorphological characters.
Cascade testing for inherited cardiac conditions: Risk perception and screening after a negative genetic test result
Authors: Fusco Kelsey M. , Hylind Robyn J. , Cirino Allison L. , Harris Stephanie L. , Lubitz Steven A. , Abrams Dominic J.R. , Lakdawala Neal K.
Published: June 2022

First‐degree relatives of a proband with an inherited cardiac condition (ICC) are offered predictive genetic testing for the pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) cardiac gene variant (CGV) to clarify their risk for the familial condition. Relatives who test negative for a familial P/LP CGV typically do not require longitudinal cardiac surveillance. To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated adjustment to risk reduction and subsequent screening practices in genotype‐negative relatives from an ICC population. We thus investigated risk perception and ongoing screening practices in genotype‐negative adults who received cardiac genetic counseling. Correlations between clinical and demographic variables and risk perception and screening practices were also investigated. On average, participants (n = 71) reported a perceived 19.5% lifetime risk of developing the ICC in their family, despite their negative genetic test result. The majority (54%) of participants reported having undergone cardiac screening after disclosure of their negative result. There were no significant correlations between clinical and demographic variables and risk perception or screening practices. Furthermore, risk perception was not found to impact the likelihood of cardiac screening. These findings suggest that even with comprehensive cardiac genetic counseling, a proportion of this population did not accurately comprehend or recall their cardiac disease risk. Additional interventions beyond traditional result disclosure should be explored to help genotype‐negative individuals adjust to their reduction in risk for a familial ICC.
COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among pregnant people contacting a teratogen information service
Authors: Perrotta Kirstie , Messer Angela , Alvarado Sonia , Gaudette Mara , Tran Cindy , Bandoli Gretchen
Published: June 2022

Pregnant people are at increased risk of severe illness from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and are more likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit, be put on a mechanical ventilator, and die, if infected. Having COVID‐19 during pregnancy also increases the risk of preterm delivery. Vaccination is a critical tool for controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, to date, just over 30% of pregnant people in the United States have been vaccinated. It is important to identify any barriers to acceptance of the COVID‐19 vaccine among the pregnant population so that specific hesitancy concerns can be addressed. Our objective was to identify the proportion of pregnant people who are unsure or not planning to be vaccinated against COVID‐19 and collect information about their reasons for hesitancy. A questionnaire examining views on COVID‐19 vaccine interest was administered to 299 pregnant people who contacted MotherToBaby 3/1/21–7/23/21. Questions obtained information about the perception of COVID‐19 risk in pregnancy, interest in receiving a COVID‐19 vaccine while pregnant, and reasons for acceptance or hesitancy. Within the sample, 21% had already been vaccinated against COVID‐19, 43% were planning to get vaccinated, 9% were not planning to receive the vaccine, and 27% were undecided. Women who were not planning to get vaccinated and those that were undecided both said their concern was ‘not enough safety information for pregnancy’. Individuals aged 18–25, those who made less than $50,000/year, and those who lived in the Northeast were more likely to be hesitant. Based on these data, continued efforts to collect and communicate high‐quality and understandable information to pregnant people about vaccine safety should be a key priority in efforts to increase vaccine acceptance among this group.
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Functional Network Connectivity in Neurologically Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Resting‐State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Zhang Die , Chen Yingying , Shen Jing , Xie Qing , Jing Li , Lin Lin , Wang Qiong , Wu Jianlin
Published: June 2022

Background

The characteristics of static functional network connectivity (sFNC) and dynamic FNC (dFNC) in neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are unknown. Elucidating these characteristics may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of neuropathological damage in these patients.

Purpose

To explore the static and dynamic characteristics of FNC in neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and the relationship between FNC‐related parameters with the neuropsychological scores and blood biomarkers.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 23 neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and 25 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and years of education.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T MRI/functional MRI and three‐dimensional‐T1 structural imaging

Assessment

Independent components; spatial map intensity; sFNC and dFNC strengths; and time attribute parameters (mean dwell time, fractional window, and number of transitions) were determined. Neuropsychological tests were performed. Blood biochemical tests were performed for the patients but not healthy controls.

Statistical Tests

Chi‐squared test, one‐sample t‐test, two‐sample t‐test, partial correlation analysis, and family‐wise error and false discovery rate correction. P < 0.05 denoted statistical significance.

Results

Significant group differences in the strengths of sFNC and dFNC between networks were found. The sFNC strength between the visual and sensorimotor networks was significantly associated with the global cognitive function score (i.e. the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) (r = 0.606). The sFNC strength between the salience and default mode networks was significantly associated with anxiety scores (r = 0.458). In state 1, positive correlations were found between the mean dwell time and backward digital span task score (r = 0.562), fractional window and MoCA score (r = 0.576), and fractional window and backward digital span task score (r = 0.592).

Data Conclusion

Neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis had defective sFNC and dFNC. Our results provide a new perspective on the mechanism of neuropathological damage in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Inversion of a generalized Radon transform by algebraic iterative methods
Authors: Ustaoglu Zekeriya
Published: June 2022

Inversion of a generalized Radon transform (GRT) of seismic type is investigated by employing the algebraic iterative methods ART and SIRT, which require discrete formulations of the reconstruction problem. To this aim, two discretization procedures are proposed: a direct discretization and a discretization via the relation of GRT with the regular Radon transform (RT). The feasibility and the semi‐convergence behavior of the proposed methods are analyzed and compared by discussing the effect of noisy data.
Nurse preferences of caring robots: A conjoint experiment to explore most valued robot features
Authors: Zrínyi Miklós , Pakai Annamária , Lampek Kinga , Vass Dezső , Siket Újváriné Adrienn , Betlehem József , Oláh András
Published: June 2022

Aim

Due to the COVID pandemic and technological innovation, robots gain increasing role in nursing services. While studies investigated negative attitudes of nurses towards robots, we lack an understanding of nurses' preferences about robot characteristics. Our aim was to explore how key robot features compare when weighed together.

Methods

Cross‐sectional research design based on a conjoint analysis approach. Robot dimensions tested were: (1) communication; (2) look; (3) safety; (4) self‐learning ability; and (5) interactive behaviour. Participants were asked to rank robot profile cards from most to least preferred.

Results

In order of importance, robot’s ability to learn ranked first followed by behaviour, look, operating safety and communication. Most preferred robot combination was ‘robot responds to commands only, looks like a machine, never misses target, runs programme only and behaves friendly’.

Conclusions

Robot self‐learning capacity was least favoured by nurses showing potential fear of robots taking over core nurse competencies.
An Activatable 19F MRI Molecular Probe for Sensing and Imaging of Norepinephrine
Authors: Li Lingxuan , Li Ao , Lin Yaying , Chen Dongxia , Kang Bilun , Lin Hongyu , Gao Jinhao
Published: June 2022

Norepinephrine (NE), acting as both a neurotransmitter and hormone, plays a significant role in regulating the action of the brain and body. Many studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between mental disorders and aberrant NE levels. Therefore, it is of urgent demand to develop in vivo analytical methods of NE for diagnostic assessment and mechanistic investigations of mental diseases. Herein, we report a 19F MRI probe (NRFP) for sensing and imaging NE, which is constructed by conjugating a gadolinium chelate to a fluorine‐containing moiety through a NE‐responsive aromatic thiocarbonate linkage. The capacity and specificity of NRFP for detecting NE is validated with in vitro detecting/imaging experiments. Furthermore, the feasibility of NRFP for visualizing NE in animals is illustrated by ex vivo and in vivo imaging experiments, demonstrating the promising potential of NRFP for selective detection and specific imaging of NE in deep tissues of living subjects.
Double stimuli‐responsive perforated lamellar structure formed by linear ABC triblock terpolymer monoliths
Authors: Bouzit Hana , Krusch Felix , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , Solano Eduardo , Cot Didier , Méricq Jean Pierre , Roualdes Stéphanie , Semsarilar Mona , Quémener Damien , Aissou Karim
Published: June 2022

Amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP) thick films with stimuli‐responsive pores are promising candidates for the manufacturing of next‐generation ultrafiltration (UF) membranes since their smart nanochannels facilitates the removal of fouling which is considered as one of the biggest challenges in membrane technology. In this work, a well‐defined polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PNIPAM) terpolymer was prepared for the first time via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The combination of the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation process with a solvent vapor annealing treatment was used to produce nanostructured pH‐ and thermo‐double sensitive ABC‐type BCP thick films. Here, the NIPS‐made PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PNIPAM thick film, comprising a microporous spinodal‐type network substructure, topped by a dense thin layer of poorly defined nanopores is transformed into a monolith entirely composed of a well‐ordered perforated lamellar (PL) phase upon exposure to a chloroform vapor during 6 h. Such kind of PL‐structured monoliths, showing a permeance value as high as 18 L h−1 m−2 bar−1 at 46°C and pH = 7 with an excellent temperature cyclability, are highly desired to manufacture smart separation‐based UF materials able to transit their pore state from hydrophilic to hydrophobic (and vice versa), thereby leading to much more efficient detachment of foulants during the cleaning process.
Qualitative and quantitative study of intermolecular weak interactions for aminosalicylic acid isomers by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Tang Yuan , Li Zhi , Tu Shan , She Yulai , Gan Yongying
Published: June 2022

In the field of chemical science, the development of new drugs, the formation of crystals and molecular clusters, and the optimization of drug safety and efficacy are all closely related to weak molecular interactions. In this paper, the salicylic drugs 4‐aminosalicylic acid (4‐ASA) and 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) are used as the research objects. First, the terahertz (THz) absorption spectra of the two isomers were measured in the range of .4–2.0 THz by terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS). Then the unit cells were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT). We found that the characteristic absorption peaks of the experimental spectra were basically consistent with the theoretical calculation. In addition, under the solvent model, the free energy of dissolution and the free energy of the systems were considered and calculated, and the results showed that solvation had a certain influence on the position and intensity of spectral absorption peaks. In order to further explore the origin of the characteristic absorption peaks, the vibrational properties of the unit cell model were analyzed using the potential energy distribution (PED) method. At the same time, the weak interactions of the system were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by interaction region indicator (IRI) and energy decomposition analysis based on forcefield (EDA‐FF) methods, respectively. The results show that the absorption peaks of 4‐ASA and 5‐ASA are mainly derived from the vibration mode of dihedral angle torsion. The weak interactions in the 4‐ASA are dominated by dispersion, while they are dominated by electrostatic and dispersion in the 5‐ASA. Therefore, it is an effective way to identify isomers and study intermolecular weak interactions by using THz‐TDS combined with PED, IRI, and EDA‐FF.
3‐3: Distinguished Paper: All Inkjet‐printed RGB Cd‐free EL‐QD Devices with Top‐emission Structure
Authors: Park Myoungjin , Kim Young Il , Kang Jin-goo , Kim Sehun , Ha Jaekook , Yoon Yeo-geon , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2022

We demonstrated the world first all inkjet‐printed Cd‐free ELQDs based on getting over the hurdles of all inkjet printing process. Especially, we fabricated EL‐QD devices by stacking 4‐soluble layers without intermixing and have studied the factors affecting QD efficiency, QD printing and the influence of ETL solvent on QD.
5‐3: A Random Access Gate Driver Using a‐IGZO TFTs for External Compensation of High‐Resolution, High‐Frame‐Rate AMOLEDs
Authors: Kim Yong-Duck , Han Ki-Lim , Park Jin-Seong , Choi Byong-Deok
Published: June 2022

The external compensation of AMOLED pixels that is regarded as essential for large‐area displays needs a random access gate driver to select any gate line in vertical blank time. Also, for high‐resolution, high‐frame‐rate, and large‐area displays, a gate driver with overlap driving is needed for high pixel charging ratio. In this study, a decoder‐based random access gate driver with overlap driving is proposed and verified by HSPICE simulation and fabrication of the circuits with a‐IGZO TFTs. The proposed decoder composed of TFTs in parallel enables the random access and overlap driving without increase in circuit area and power consumption.
8‐3: Development of Highly Efficient RGB Cadmium‐Free Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ryowa Tatsuya , Sakakibara Yusuke , Yamamoto Satoru , Kitano Keisuke , Iwata Noboru , Izumi Makoto , Ogura Yuko , Michiwaki Yoko , Nikata Soichiro , Mishima Akio , Kalousek Vit , Takasaki Mikihiro , Miyanaga Akiharu
Published: June 2022

This paper reports the highly efficient and high color purity red, green and blue cadmium‐free quantum dots and light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LED). Especially the red and green cadmium‐free QDs have developed with optimized structure. These new QDs have great potential to be used in next generation QD‐LED display with wide color gamut.
9‐1: Evaluation of X‐ray Resistance of Submicron‐Size c‐Axis Aligned Crystalline‐Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Tsuda Kazuki , Takahashi Hironobu , Hamada Toshiki , Saito Satoru , Baba Haruyuki , Takahashi Masahiro , Obonai Toshimitsu , Koezuka Junichi , Kunitake Hitoshi , Kobayashi Daisuke , Tajima Michio , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2022

We have investigated the total ionizing dose effect by X‐rays, which is a degradation mode of a single transistor, to find the radiation resistance of oxide semiconductor large scale integrated circuit. At 3000 Gy corresponding to the absorbed dose for 30 years in a space environment, or more specifically, on a geostationary orbit, an oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor showed a negative drift in threshold voltage of less than 300m V and substantially no degradation in subthreshold slope and mobility. After 60 hours from the irradiation, approximately 40% of the threshold voltage variation was recovered.
10‐2: Student Paper: Dual‐Driver Pixel Circuit and Associated Drivers for Low‐Power OLEDoS Microdisplays
Authors: Gohardehi Sheida , Sachdev Manoj
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a new low‐power driving method that reduces the number of sub‐frames and the operating frequency of drivers in a digitally‐driven display. The measurement results using this method on a 480x640 microdisplay implemented in TSMC 65 nm technology show a 38% reduction in the power consumption of the driver.
10‐3: A Novel PAM‐PWM Hybrid Driving Method for Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Zhai Yingteng , Xu Ji , Lu Lei , Zhang Chengfeng
Published: June 2022

The change of micro‐LED current density leads to the variation of lighting efficiency and the shift of emission wavelength. The traditional PAM driving method is not suitable for micro‐LED displays. To alleviate these problems, we proposed and implemented a PAM‐PWM hybrid driving method.
19‐3: Crucial Effect of Aspect Ratio of Quantum‐Dot Color‐Conversion Pixels on the Performance of High‐Resolution Full‐Color MicroLED Microdisplays
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Chen Kuan-An , Kuo Wei-Hung , Wu Chun-I , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chiang Ray-Kuang
Published: June 2022

The light extraction efficiency of the QDCC‐based microLED displays is strong related to the aspect ratio (width/thickness) of the patterned QDCC pixels, because the very thin QDCC films and BM banks are required for the realization of high‐resolution microdisplays for AR and VR applications. We formulate high resolution QD photoresist, which can achieve color gamut higher than 85% BT. 2020 coverage at film feature resolution of 5 μm and the total thickness of QDCC and traditional CF less than 2.5 μm. The atomic layer deposition is also processed to protect the device, which results in prominent enhancement on the reliability performance.
23‐1: Invited Paper: Visualization of Color‐Gamut Coverage‐Gamut Ring Intersection
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro
Published: June 2022

The D50 CIELAB gamut volume was standardized as a suitable and unified gamut size measurement methodology. The color gamut volume is visualized using proportionate gamut rings in a two‐dimensional diagram. Gamut ring intersection assists the visual comparison of the size and shape of the color gamut coverage between a display and a reference. This paper introduces a desktop application with an intuitive graphical interface for visualizing the gamut rings and describes the algorithm of the gamut ring intersection.
23‐4: Quick Detection and Evaluation of Irregular Response‐Time Behavior for High Frame Rate Displays Through Noticeable Artifacts
Authors: Kawahara Isao
Published: June 2022

Efficient detection of response time issues for high frame rate displays including 120Hz TVs and 360Hz gaming monitors is proposed. Unwanted features of response time are directly exposed and converted into noticeable artifacts by the proposed pattern sequences, enabling quick and easy evaluation or benchmarking for motion performance.
25‐2: Invited Paper: Ultra‐High‐Resolution NanoLED Panel for AR/VR by UV Patterning Technology
Authors: Tsujino Kazuya , Kosaka Tomohiro , Daio Manabu , Ootsuka Yuuki , Orita Kunihiko , Teranishi Tomoko , Ishida Takeshi , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: June 2022

We report and discuss UV patterning technology of nanoLED with ultra‐high‐resolution. Additionally, we also report on the performances of the ultra‐high‐resolution nanoLED panel for ARJVR by UV patterning technology.
30‐4: Requirements for Reliable Display Sparkle Contrast Measurement: Analysis in Spatial Frequency Domain
Authors: Isshiki Masanobu , Endo Yukio
Published: June 2022

Display Sparkle contrast can be measured in various conditions. However, no criteria are shown for avoiding aliasing effect which could cause undesired error. We show the criteria and demonstrate the example of the undesired error.
34‐2: Invited Paper: Analysis of Temperature Effect of RGB Mini/Micro LED Chips
Authors: Sun Yuanhao , Zhao Jiawei , Ma Junjie , Lin Yicheng , Tian Chao , Shi Lingyun , Sun Haiwei
Published: June 2022

Mini/Micro light‐emitting‐diode (LED) emissive display has attracted wide range of attentions and has a good development prospect. One of the big challenges of Mini/Micro LED display is that the attenuation degree of luminous intensity of RGB chips with increasing working temperatures are different. In this work, we deeply analyzed this phenomenon and found out the factors contributing to that. It is found out that the attenuation degree of luminous intensity is directly related to the current density and material system of the chips. Moreover, the defect related non‐radiative recombination process and the different band structures between AlGaInP system and InGaN system are regarded as the main factors contributing to the different attenuation degree of luminous intensity with increasing working temperature of RGB chips.
34‐3: High Contrast Research of 4K ADS TV Technology
Authors: Hu Hongling , Wang Kai , Jiang Liangliang , Zhang Heng , Li Yajun , Li Xiaobin , Huang Yinhu , Lim Byung-cheon , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: June 2022

The Contrast of 4K ADS products was improved from 1500:1 to 3000:1 by material and process optimization, which includes the application of Ultra‐low Scattering Negative Liquid Crystal, Higher polarization polarizer, Thicker polyimide film and appropriately widened Black Matrix. The realization of Contrast 3000 records the highest in ADS Mode, greatly shortens the gap with VA products and also shows good applicability in high end LCD products.
42‐3: Real‐time Rendering for Integral Imaging Light Field Displays Based on a Voxel‐Pixel Lookup Table
Authors: Wan Quanzhen , Qiu Yuqing , Dai Ruijia , Yang Wenchao , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: June 2022

A real‐time elemental image generation method with 90FPS on an ordinary PC is proposed for integral imaging light field display, which does not sacrifice accuracy nor requires high‐performance hardware. The method pre‐calculates all available voxels and stores the invariable mapping between each voxel and its homogeneous pixels in a lookup table.
45‐3: Effects of Near‐UV Irradiation on Organic Light‐emitting Diodes and Their Solutions Using UV Blocking Layer
Authors: Yang Jungjin , Jeong Hyein , Park Jinwoo
Published: June 2022

The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) panels showed a significant color change in the solar radiation evaluation. After exposure to solar radiation, the luminance of some OLEDs was significantly decreased. In these OLEDs, the purity of electron transport layer (ETL) material was noticeably decreased after light exposure. It was determined that some gasses came out from the pixel‐define layer (PDL) by measuring the thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). By these gasses, the degradation was accelerated in organic layers and cathode. When the solar radiation evaluation was done with putting the 420 nm cut‐off filter on the panel, the color variation was absolutely disappeared. We paid attention to this result that the problem was solved by blocking a near‐UV light. A new capping layer (CPL) material increasing the absorption of near‐UV light was used. While the solar radiation evaluation was passed, they had very small process margin on evaporation of red and green interlayer. Moreover, color difference of white light was increased. When a near‐UV light absorbing dye was inserted to the polarizer film, color change in the solar radiation evaluation absolutely disappeared. Finally, we could pass the solar radiation evaluation through this attempt and the OLED panels with this polarizer film applied to mass production.
50‐3: Status of MicroLED Mass‐Transfer Processes and Equipment
Authors: Virey Eric H. , Bouhamri Zine
Published: June 2022

For MicroLED displays to be economically viable, microchip transfer and assembly technologies with micron‐scale accuracy, and throughputs at least 5 orders of magnitude higher than traditional pick‐and‐place and bonding equipment are required. This paper discusses existing and emerging technologies, from the lab to commercially available solution.
51‐1: Method to Suppress Tiled Display Seam Visibility
Authors: Li Shenping , Cuno Alexander , Garner Sean , Shin Dongkeun , Yoon Hong , Park Seungyong , Lee Kyungjin , Kim Daeyoun , Lee Goo-Soo
Published: June 2022

We proposed a method to suppress seam visibility of a tiled display by combining: 1) engineered substrate and base surface optical properties; and 2) the use of microstructure cover plate made by micro‐replication technology. We, first, studied the operation conditions to achieve effective suppression of tiling seam visibility by ray‐tracing modeling. Then, we conducted experimental investigation to validate those modeling predictions. Both modeling and experimental results show that the method could effectively suppress the seam visibility of a tiled display.
52‐3: Late newspaper: Enhanced Viewing Angle Performance of an Advanced WRGB OLED Technology
Authors: Lee Don Gyou , Ham JungHyun , Kim SungJin , Lee SeonMee , Oh Se Ri , Kang DongWoo , Lee BuYeol , Yoon SooYoung
Published: June 2022

A new advanced WRGB OLED and its viewing angle performance is introduced. Electro‐optical and visual assessment were carried out to evaluate and the advanced WRGB OLED outperformed conventional one. It shows 20% higher Luminance, 20% wider half luminance angle, and 50% lower color shift at viewing directions.
57‐1: ActiveHogel Light‐field Display: An Application of Next Generation μLED Pixels
Authors: Burnett Thomas , Roman Kyle
Published: June 2022

Light‐field displays produce full‐parallax/perspective correct 3D aerial imagery for one or more simultaneous viewers. While there have been a few prototype, large‐format light‐field displays demonstrated using OLED, LCD, LCoS or other spatial light modulator (SLM) technology, they suffered from projection artifacts that degraded the visualization experience. These artifacts can be resolved by developing a custom μLED SLM specially designed for light‐field displays. FoVI3D's ActiveHogel Module and Tile presented in this paper highlight the architecture and benefits of a μLED light‐field display.
58‐4: Factors Affecting the Thermal Performance of Dye‐doped Liquid Crystal Smart Window
Authors: Li Zhan , Ju Xiaoqian , Che Chuncheng , Hou Zhi , Wang Chunlei , Zang Yuansheng , Chen Juan , Li Yue , Zhang Sikai , Zhang Xuebo , Wang Ying , Xu Shuai , Zhai Deshen , Liang Peng , Wang Changyin , Wu Xiaolong
Published: June 2022

Software simulation and sample measurement were conducted to investigate the factors affecting the thermal performance of dye‐doped liquid crystal (DLC) smart window, including the position of DLC dimming glass and the type of Low‐e layer. The results indicated that when the DLC dimming glass was placed on the outdoor side and triple silver Low‐e layer was arranged at position 2# of insulating glass, the optimal thermal performance was obtained, with the Shading Coefficient (SC) of 0.14 ∼ 0.27 and the Heat Transfer Coefficient (K) of 1.33 W/(m2·K).
59‐1: Invited Paper: Scaling Down of OLED Pixels Enabled by Photolithography
Authors: Ke Tung-Huei , Singh Arjun , Tankut Firat , Vandenplas Erwin , Ameys Marc , Malinowski Pawel , Genoe Jan , Heremans Paul
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the advantages of OLEDs in pixel scaling and the novel device structures enabled by photolithography. We show the pixel layouts that can be realized by photolithographic patterning, i.e., delta and color strip pixel layout with high pixel density. Further integration of OPD next to an OLED pixel is discussed. Finally, we show the OLED performance after three times OLED patterning steps, which is crucial for the full‐color OLED display realized by photolithography patterning processes. The results suggest that the photolithography patterning process could be a powerful method to further enhance the AMOLED display performance.
59‐4: Premium Black for Large White OLED
Authors: Hong Ga-ram , Ham Jung Hyun , Lim Chung Sun , Lee Sang Min , Lee Tae Rim , Kim Han Seop , Oh Chang Ho
Published: June 2022

Current large OLED have the best reflection characteristics by minimizing the internal reflection characteristics of products compared to LCD products, but we propose a white OLED premium black that surpasses existing OLED. In this study, reflectance performance and visual assessment were carried out to evaluate and this is the best performance in terms of reflectance characteristics among conventional large products. Glossy VANTA has a near‐zero total reflectance ratio characteristic and Matt VANTA reduces total reflectance ratio by 50% compared to the existing AGAR. Also, they are effective in reducing strong mirror‐like reflection images.
61‐3: Invited Paper: Research on Switchable Privacy Mode Applied to Automotive Displays
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Zhai Yue , Dong Xiaoqiao , Cai Site , Yoon DK , Ma Qing , Han Rui , Yu Jie , Cui Dong , Zhu Yuanyuan
Published: June 2022

The concept of switchable privacy display has been successfully applied to notebooks and other consumer display products [1]. However, when applied to automobile display modules, their unique application scenarios, such as display to the co‐driver's side or CID, should also be considered (see Figure 1‐1 for viewing angle requirements). And BOE has developed display modules for application in automotive displays.
61‐4: Display Visual Security: From Laptop Privacy to No Driver Distraction for Automotive Passenger Infotainment
Authors: Woodgate Graham J. , Robinson Michael G. , Harrold Jonathan , Ihas Benjamin C. , Ramsey Robert A.
Published: June 2022

An electrically switchable privacy display technology using proprietary optical stacks developed by the authors has now shipped in more than 1 million laptop PCs, delivering best‐in‐class protection from off‐axis visual hackers and high image visibility to display users. In parallel the authors have been developing a new generation of switchable automotive front‐seat Passenger Infotainment Displays (PID). Differences between the user needs for PID and laptop are discussed. Presented is a method to quantify ‘No Driver Distraction’ (NDD) in PID and image security to visual hackers in laptops, including a means of determining the limits of NDD/security. Proprietary optical stack structures for PID and laptop are compared. A PID technology demonstrator achieves less than 1% of head‐on luminance for a driver offset by just 25° from a passenger, and a shipping laptop provides no image visibility at >45° at 1lux/nit using a switchable reflectivity optical stack with total screen thickness of less than 2.3mm.
63‐4: A Novel Real‐Time Full‐Color 3D Holographic (Diffractive) Video Capture, Processing, and Transmission Pipeline Using Off‐the‐Shelf Hardware
Authors: Samanta Ankur , Mackenzie Gregor , Rathkamp Tyler , Cable Adrian , Milne Darran , Kaczorowski Andrzej , Nag Ronjon
Published: June 2022

This paper details the world's first live 3D holographic (diffractive) video call using off‐the‐shelf hardware. We introduce a novel pipeline that facilitates the capture, processing, and transmission of RGBZ data, using an iPhone for image and depth capture with VividQ's SDK for hologram generation and hardware for display.
71‐2: Invited Paper: High Power Red Laser Diodes for Display Applications
Authors: Kawanaak Satoshi , Kitamura Seiji , Miyamoto Snitaro , Hashizume Manabu , Yano Kazuaki , Hagimoto Masato
Published: June 2022

The AlGaInP red laser diodes were developed at the end of the 1980s, and since then we have been improving performance of laser diodes. Along with the improvement of laser performance, laser diodes has been used various applications such as optical discs and sensors. Recently, research and practical use of display applications and AR / VR devices are remarkable. In this paper, we mainly report on red laser diodes developed for display applications.
75‐3: Field Sequential Color Displays with Simultaneously Suppressed Color Breakup and Flicker Based on Multi‐Objective Optimization
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Zou Guowei , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: June 2022

We propose a driving method for field sequential color displays, which simultaneously considers color breakup (CBU and flicker using multi‐objective optimization. We achieve the Pareto optimality. The CBU‐priority and flicker‐priority solutions, respectively, surpass all reference methods in CBU and flicker suppression. The balanced solution simultaneously suppresses CBU and flicker better than the reference methods.
76‐1: Invited Paper: MicroLED Display with Tiling Technology
Authors: Chen Wen-Lung , Lin Yi-Hsin , Chuang Hao-An , Huang Chao-Wei , Cheng Te-Sheng
Published: June 2022

A 27″ tiling display by using LTPS TFT active matrix structure is demonstrated. With a novel pixel design and tiling technology, the seamless feature is realized by 4 pieces 13.5″ panels with 625um pixel pitch. In this article, we will discuss the challenges and solutions of different seamless tiling technologies from process point of view.
P‐12: Exponential Dependence of Photocurrent on Reciprocal of Channel Length in Amorphous InZnO Thin‐Film Transistors with Short Channel
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhou Xiaoliang , Tang Fanyou , Huang Tengyan , Liu Hao , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2022

With downscaling the channel length (L) of amorphous InZnO (a‐IZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs), the photocurrent (Iph) of long‐channel TFTs evolved linearly with 1/L, while an exponential dependence of Iph on 1/L was found for TFTs with relatively shorter channels, resulting in a significantly enhanced photo‐responsivity with short‐channel a‐IZO phototransistors. This is attributed to a source barrier lowering effect happening in the short‐channel photo‐TFTs under illumination. Such an accelerated Iph rising with L downscaling could be used to implement high responsivity of photoelectric detectors and image sensors.