bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep frameworks based on residual dense network and reinforcement learning for mmWave massive MIMO systems
Authors: Faragallah Osama S. , El‐sayed Hala S. , El‐Mashed Mohamed G.
Published: November 2022

In millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) systems, hybrid precoding plays a pivotal role in reducing complexity and cost while providing a good spectral efficiency. However, implementation of digital precoders with large number of antennas is difficult due to hardware constraints, while analog precoders offer confined performance. This leads to high computational complexity and cannot fully exploit the spatial information. Previous studies on hybrid precoding were based on exhaustive search solutions or greedy schemes, which result in higher complexity system performance. To face these challenges, this paper proposes deep hybrid precoding framework with phase quantization and residual dense network to design the matrix of analog and digital precoders. The proposed deep hybrid precoding technique consists of offline training stage and online deployment stage. In offline training stage, hybrid precoding is obtained assuming the approximate phase quantization. While in the online deployment stage, the matrix of analog precoding is calculated by exchanging approximate phase quantization with ideal phase and grouping the analog precoding vectors. In this paper, we also propose a deep reinforcement learning‐based hybrid precoding. It consists of a deep reinforcement learning with employing convolutional neural network and long short‐term memory (LSTM) methods. In our proposed frameworks, structures of proposed techniques are trained for maximum spectral efficiency. Our proposed techniques are compared with other precoding techniques. Results illustrate that the proposed techniques outperforms the other precoding techniques in terms of the spectral efficiency.
Organosulfonate‐Modulated Spin‐Crossover Behavior in Three Halogen‐Functionalized Cobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wei Xiao‐Qin , Gu Ying , Zhao Qi‐Qi , Shao Dong
Published: November 2022

We present here the syntheses, crystal structures, and spin crossover (SCO) properties of a series of halogen‐functionalized cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(Brphtpy)2](OTf)2 ⋅ DMF ⋅ 2H2O (1), [Co(Brphtpy)2](HBS)2 ⋅ H2O (2), [Co(Brphtpy)2](MQ)2 ⋅ 2MeCN ⋅ 3H2O (3) (Brphtpy=4′–(4‐Bromophenyl)–2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine; OTf−=trifluoromethanesulfonate; HBS−=hydroxybenzenesulfonate dihydrate; MQ−=methyl orange). Variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray analyses revealed mononuclear compounds of 1–3 consisted of [Co(Brphtpy)2]2+ SCO active units and organosulfonate anions and no structural phase transformation happened in measured high‐low temperature. The packing structures of these complexes were tuned by varying organosulfonates. However, no notable supramolecular interactions can be found, in turn leading to gradual, incomplete, and non‐hysteretic SCO behaviors. Interestingly, the SCO behaviors of these three complexes were significantly modified after the removal of lattice solvents. Combined structural and magnetic investigations revealed the non‐cooperative supramolecular packing structures, guest internal pressure, and the small structural distortions of the SCO units should be responsible for the worse SCO properties of 1–3. The foregoing results show that to achieve high‐performance Co2+ SCO, both the weak interactions, internal pressure, and structural distortion should be considered during the design and construction of SCO complexes.
Calcium(II)‐Catalyzed Chemoselective and Regioselective Epoxide Ring Opening with NH Sulfoximines
Authors: George Nicolas S. , Kosiuha Marharyta , Moquette Alexandre , Parsy Christophe
Published: November 2022

We describe herein a versatile methodology for the synthesis of 1,2‐sulfoximidoyl ethanols thanks to a Ca(NTf2)2‐catalyzed epoxide ring‐opening with NH sulfoximines in 2‐MeTHF at 90 °C. The reaction is regioselective by an attack on the less hindered position of the epoxides. The chemoselectivity is assessed by competition reactions with other nucleophiles.
Persulfate‐Mediated Oxidative C−H Functionalization of Glycinates to Access Diverse Unnatural Amino Acids
Authors: Hari Babu Madala , Jang Hyesu , Han Miseon , Kyum Kim Sang , Sim Jaehoon
Published: November 2022

We have developed an operationally simple and green approach to prepare robust α‐alkyl unnatural amino acids through the dual oxidative activation of glycine derivatives and alkylcarboxylic acids with persulfate as the sole oxidizing agent. This method allows for the utilization of naturally abundant alkylcarboxylic acids as radical sources without the assistance of catalysts. Notably, this method allows for the late‐stage decoration of biologically relevant carboxylic acids and peptides to construct diverse unnatural amino acids. In addition, the generality of the oxidative activation method enables a facile synthetic approach to α‐phosphonyl glycine derivatives by using phosphites and phosphine oxides.
Vanadium Catalyst for C‐ and S‐Alkylation of Benzhydrols in Water: An Experimental Study and Green Metrics Evaluation
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Chowdhury Deep , Mukherjee Arup
Published: November 2022

A strategy for the vanadium‐catalyzed dehydrative C‐ and S‐alkylation by nucleophilic substitution of benzhydrols with arenes and thiols is reported. The alkylation was achieved with the divanadium oxoperoxo complex [K3(V+5)2(O22−)4(O2−)2(μ‐OH)] in water under air. The newly developed transformation could accommodate a broad substrate scope, including (hetero)arenes and thiols (34 examples). Both the symmetrical and unsymmetrical benzhydrols furnished excellent yields of the alkylated product under mild reaction conditions. The scope of this strategy was further extended to synthesizebis‐benzylated arenes (poly‐arylated products) in high yields and regioselectivities. The green metrics determination of all the alkylated products suggests the technical and environmental benefits of the present protocol. The longevity experiment reveals the catalytic activity was maintained over seven cycles. To understand the mechanism of the present reaction, spectroscopic and kinetic studies were undertaken. This simple protocol, which affords the desired products with water as the by‐product, can be achieved under mild conditions without needing a base or other additives.
Spinal voltage‐gated potassium channel Kv1.3 contributes to neuropathic pain via the promotion of microglial M1 polarization and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Yuan Xiaoman , Han Siyi , Manyande Anne , Gao Feng , Wang Jie , Zhang Wen , Tian Xuebi
Published: November 2022

Backgroud

Studies have shown that the activation of microglia is the main mechanism of neuropathic pain. Kv1.3 channel is a novel therapeutic target for treating neuroinflammatory disorders due to its crucial role in subsets of microglial cells. As such, it may be involved in the processes of neuropathic pain, however, whether Kv1.3 plays a role in neuroinflammation following peripheral nerve injury is unclear.

Method

The spared nerve injury model (SNI) was used to establish neuropathic pain. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the effect of Kv1.3 in the SNI rats. PAP‐1, a Kv1.3 specific blocker was administered to alleviate neuropathic pain in the SNI rats.

Results

Neuropathic pain and allodynia occurred after SNI, the levels of M1 (CD68, iNos) and M2 (CD206, Arg‐1) phenotypes were up‐regulated in the spinal cord, and the protein levels of NLRP3, caspase‐1 and IL‐1β were also increased. Pharmacological blocking of Kv1.3 with PAP‐1 alleviated hyperpathia induced by SNI. Meanwhile, intrathecal injection of PAP‐1 reduced M1 polarization and decreased NLRP3, caspase‐1 and IL‐1β expressions of protein levels.

Conclusion

Our research indicates that the Kv1.3 channel in the spinal cord contributes to neuropathic pain by promoting microglial M1 polarization and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Forecasting financial markets with semantic network analysis in the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Fronzetti Colladon Andrea , Grassi Stefano , Ravazzolo Francesco , Violante Francesco
Published: November 2022

This paper uses a new textual data index for predicting stock market data. The index is applied to a large set of news to evaluate the importance of one or more general economic‐related keywords appearing in the text. The index assesses the importance of the economic‐related keywords, based on their frequency of use and semantic network position. We apply it to the Italian press and construct indices to predict Italian stock and bond market returns and volatilities in a recent sample period, including the COVID‐19 crisis. The evidence shows that the index captures the different phases of financial time series well. Moreover, results indicate strong evidence of predictability for bond market data, both returns and volatilities, short and long maturities, and stock market volatility.
The effect of hydrogen leakage positions and leak flow rate on its dispersion in a small fuel cell bus
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Wang Xinwei , Wang Qiubo , Yu Peijin , Miao Yang , Hou Xulei , Zhao Ziming , Li Yuejuan
Published: November 2022

Studies on hydrogen leakage mainly have focused on the influences of the leakage locations and geometrical configurations on the distribution of hydrogen in various spaces. In this study, a simplified model was developed to examine the diffusion of the hydrogen leaked into a small fuel cell bus with seats. The impact of leakage positions and leak flow rate on the dispersion of hydrogen in a cuboid ventilation space (with dimensions L x W x H = 5 m × 2 m × 2 m) was investigated, and concentrations of hydrogen in the vicinity of the corner at the ceiling were of particular interest. It was shown the peak average concentration at the ceiling increased with increasing the leak flow rate. However, the duration from the appearance to the disappearance of the combustible hydrogen‐air mixture decreased with the increase of the leak flow rate. This study highlights the importance of leakage positions and demonstrates that the dispersion of hydrogen is faster for leakage in the horizontal direction. The proposed approach is useful for improving the design of the arrangement of hydrogen storage tanks to eliminate consequent accidents or minimize the harmful impacts during an accident.
The local health impacts of natural resource booms
Authors: Maffioli Elisa M.
Published: November 2022

This paper uses novel micro‐data on natural resources and administrative health data in Brazil to study how economic booms in minerals affect health at birth. By implementing a reduced‐form estimation of shift‐share research designs, the identification strategy relies on the exogeneity of global commodity prices to municipality‐specific health outcomes. I find that, following changes in international prices, municipalities with historically more endowments have a higher number of premature births and births with low Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration scores. The impacts are primarily driven by metallic minerals. Instead, industrial minerals do not appear to have any effect on birth outcomes. Even though booms in metallic minerals generate benefits through resource windfalls—by increasing wealth and generating economic opportunities—the investigation of mechanisms reveals that they also result in costs—due to pollution—which seem to prevail. Hence, some metallic minerals remain a curse more than a blessing.
Vinyl functionalized 5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazolium salts: Synthesis and biological activities
Authors: Karaca Emine Ö. , Bingöl Zeynebe , Gürbüz Nevin , Özdemir İsmail , Gülçin İlhami
Published: November 2022

A series of vinyl functionalized 5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazolium salts are synthesized. All compounds were fully characterized by elemental analyses, MS, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and IR spectroscopy techniques. Enzyme inhibition is a very active area of research in drug design and development. In this study, the synthesized novel benzimidazolium salts were evaluated toward the human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I), and II (hCA II) isoenzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. They demonstrated highly potent inhibition ability against hCA I with Ki values of 484.8 ± 62.6–1389.7 ± 243.2 nM, hCA II with Ki values of 298.9 ± 55.7–926.1 ± 330.0 nM, α‐glycosidase with Ki values of 170.3 ± 27–760.1 ± 269 μM, AChE with Ki values of 27.1 ± 3–77.6 ± 1.7 nM, and BChE with Ki values of 21.0 ± 5–61.3 ± 15 nM. As a result, novel vinyl functionalized 5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazolium salts (1a–g) exhibited effective inhibition profiles toward studied metabolic enzymes. Therefore, we believe that these results may contribute to the development of new drugs particularly to treat some global disorders including glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes.
The role of PRDM1 gene polymorphism in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients
Authors: Mohamed Amal Ahmed , Esmail Omnia Ezzat , Ibrahim Aya Mohamed Ahmed , Makled Sahar , Al‐Hussain Eman , Elsaid Ali , Alboraie Mohamed , El‐Awady Rehab R.
Published: November 2022

In Egypt, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the second largest cause of cancer mortality. PRDM1 is a tumor suppressor gene essential for the differentiation and regulation activity of plasma cells and T cells. It plays a vital role in T cell exhaustion of chronic viral infection and HCC. We aimed to study the role of PRDM1 gene polymorphism in HCV and HCC‐related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) progress in Egyptians. The case‐control study included 300 Egyptian patients divided into 100 HCC,100 cirrhosis, and 100 control. Laboratory investigations were done for some clinicopathological biomarkers, including liver function tests, complete blood picture, serum alpha‐fetoprotein, and hepatitis markers (HBsAg, anti‐HCV‐Ab). TaqMan allelic discrimination assay technique was used to genotype PRDM1 gene polymorphism. Multivariant analysis (logistic regression) assessed the association between the polymorphisms with HCC progression and designed the suggested model for HCC prediction. The frequencies of the G allele and GG phenotype in the control group were significantly more than that of the HCC and cirrhosis group. However, GA genotypes and A allele frequencies significantly increased in the HCC patients than in cirrhosis and controls. In addition, by comparing the HCC group and the non‐HCC group (controls and cirrhotic patients), the subjects carrying AA or GA have 2 times more risk to develop HCC than those carrying GG genotypes (odd ratio = 2.045% and 95% confidence interval are (1.123−3.722) p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis results suggested a model of Aspartate transaminase (AST), Albumin, and PRDM1 polymorphism to predict the risk of HCC in Egyptians. In addition, PRDM1 polymorphism has an association with HCC prognosis (tumor size). For PRDM1 polymorphism, the A allele and AA might be considered as HCC‐related to the HCV risk factor. In addition, AST, Albumin, and PRDM1 polymorphism predict the risk of HCC in Egyptians Therefore, the polymorphism might help in identifying the susceptible Egyptians to HCC. In addition, polymorphism might have a role in HCC prognosis.
Development of a Raman spectroscopy system for in situ monitoring of microwave‐assisted inorganic transformations
Authors: Jamboretz John , Reitz Andreas , Birkel Christina S.
Published: November 2022

Microwave heating methods offer unique advantages in preparations of inorganic solids due to the high heating rates, potentially selective heating, and time/energy reductions. Understanding of these enhancements as well as involved mechanisms is poor due to the lack of available and easily applicable in situ monitoring methods, particularly for samples in the solid state. Existing in situ studies typically rely on access to beamline facilities as well as custom‐built microwave systems, which is in the best case inconvenient and in the worst case not achievable. In situ Raman spectroscopy is an ideal technique as it provides rapid and unambiguous phase identification by a noncontact method. Further, the instrument components are simple and compact, facilitating use in the typical synthetic laboratory. Only a few reports on using Raman spectroscopy for in situ measurements during microwave heating exist, and they all utilize specialized custom reactor setups. In this work, a new Raman measurement system designed to observe inorganic transformations in situ that is readily deployable in a standard, commercially available laboratory scale microwave reactor is described. As a simple demonstration, the anatase‐to‐rutile phase transition in TiO2 is monitored under both microwave and conventional furnace heating. The excellent time resolution achieved demonstrates the utility of the system in understanding microwave‐assisted methods for the preparation of inorganic compounds. The simplicity will encourage integration by the non‐specialist to understand microwave heating for synthetic preparations and promote wider application of the technique.
Two‐stage pricing of perishable food supply chain with quality‐keeping and waste reduction efforts
Authors: Lin Shi‐Woei , Januardi
Published: November 2022

This research investigates quality‐based optimal pricing decisions of a supplier and a retailer in vertical Nash and Stackelberg games, where the game scenarios include with and without markdown pricing scenarios. Particularly, delivery lead time is formulated as a decision on quality‐keeping effort, and the cost of food wastage resulting from unsold food is estimated. We found that the two‐stage pricing model leads to lower food waste and better profit payoffs for both players than the single‐stage model. Results also show that with limited market power, the retailer may sacrifice its sales margin under the Stackelberg game.
Deuterium brain imaging at 7T during D2O dosing
Authors: Cocking Daniel , Damion Robin A. , Franks Hester , Jaconelli Matthew , Wilkinson Daniel , Brook Matthew , Auer Dorothee P. , Bowtell Richard
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To characterize the (2H) deuterium MR signal measured from human brain at 7T in participants loading with D2O to ˜1.5% enrichment over a six‐week period.

Methods

2H spectroscopy and imaging measurements were used to track the time‐course of 2H enrichment within the brain during the initial eight‐hour loading period in two participants. Multi‐echo gradient echo (MEGE) images were acquired at a range of TR values from four participants during the steady‐state loading period and used for mapping 2H T1 and T2* relaxation times. Co‐registration to higher resolution 1H images allowed T1 and T2* relaxation times of deuterium in HDO in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) to be estimated.

Results

2H concentrations measured during the eight‐hour loading were consistent with values estimated from cumulative D2O dose and body mass. Signal changes measured from three different regions of the brain during loading showed similar time‐courses. After summing over echoes, gradient echo brain images acquired in 7.5 minutes with a voxel volume of 0.36 ml showed an SNR of ˜16 in subjects loaded to 1.5%. T1‐values for deuterium in HDO were significantly shorter than corresponding values for 1H in H2O, while T2* values were similar. 2H relaxation times in CSF were significantly longer than in GM or WM.

Conclusion

Deuterium MR Measurements at 7T were used to track the increase in concentration of 2H in brain during heavy water loading. 2H T1 and T2* relaxation times from water in GM, WM, and CSF are reported.
Prenatal and fetal diagnosis of trisomy 18 after low‐risk cell‐free fetal DNA screening: A report of four cases
Authors: Sheehan Elizabeth , Bacon Victoria , Lascurain Seth , Stone Julia , Yatsenko Svetlana , Aarabi Mahmoud , Skvarca Lauren B. , Clemens Michele , Saller Devereux
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Non‐Invasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS) is a useful screening method for common aneuploidies that can occur in pregnancies. It yields high sensitivities and specificities for the targeted conditions it tests for. Most commonly, these include Trisomies in chromosomes 21, 18, and 13, as well as aneuploidies in chromosomes X and Y. It does not, however, replace diagnostic testing. We review four cases seen by our institutions of patients who had NIPS performed with low‐risk results and subsequently had fetuses affected with trisomy 18.

Methods

All fetal samples were evaluated by level II anatomic ultrasound and tested on amniocytes or products of conception through karyotype or chromosomal microarray following low‐risk NIPS.

Results

None of the fetuses showed evidence of mosaicism and had features (both on ultrasound and postnatally) consistent with Trisomy 18. Postnatal fluorescence in situ hybridization performed on Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded tissue from 3 of the affected pregnancies' placentas identified mosaicism of trisomy 18.

Discussion

We discuss the possible explanations for the discrepancy between NIPS results and fetal karyotype, including, but not limited to placental mosaicism, placental size, and limitations of NIPS as a screening test.
Real‐life efficacy and safety of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on severe cystic fibrosis lung disease patients
Authors: Kos Renate , Neerincx Anne H. , Fenn Dominic W. , Brinkman Paul , Lub Rianne , Vonk Steffie E. M. , Roukema Jolt , Reijers Monique H. , Terheggen‐Lagro Suzanne W. J. , Altenburg Josje , Majoor Christof J. , Bos Lieuwe D. , Haarman Eric G. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke H. ,   the Amsterdam Mucociliary Clearance Disease (AMCD) Research Group
Published: November 2022

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) is a cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator modulator, which has shown efficacy in CF patients (≥6 years) with ≥1 Phe508del mutation and a minimal function mutation. In October 2019, ETI became available on compassionate use basis for Dutch CF patients with severe lung disease. Our objective was to investigate safety and efficacy of ETI in this patient group in a real‐life setting. A multicenter longitudinal observational study was conducted to examine changes in FEV1, BMI, and adverse events at initiation and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after starting ETI. The number of exacerbations was recorded in the 12 months before and the 12 months after ETI treatment. Patients eligible for compassionate use had a FEV1 <40% predicted. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test analyzed changes over time. Twenty subjects were included and followed up for up to 12 months after starting ETI. Treatment was well tolerated with mild side effects reported, namely, rash (15%) and stomach ache (20%) with 80% resolving within 1 month. Mean absolute increase of FEV1 was 11.8/13.7% (p ≤ .001) and BMI was 0.49/1.87 kg/m2 (p < .001–0.02) after 1/12 months, respectively. In comparison to the number of exacerbations pretrial, there was a marked reduction in exacerbations after initiation. Our findings show long‐term effects of treatment with ETI in patients with severe CF lung disease in a real‐life setting. Treatment with ETI is associated with increased lung function and BMI, less exacerbations, and only mild side effects.
Targeted deletion of three CYP51s in Fusarium fujikuroi and their different roles in determining sensitivity to 14α‐demethylase inhibitor fungicides
Authors: Mao Cheng‐Xin , Luo Ju , Zhang Yu , Zhang Chuan‐Qing
Published: November 2022

Background

Fusarium fujikuroi is the pathogenic agent of rice bakanae disease and has developed serious resistance to prochloraz, a 14α‐demethylase inhibitor (DMI). Prochloraz resistance in F. fujikuroi is caused by cooperation between FfCyp51B with Cyp51A and shows cross‐resistance only to prothioconazole but not to tebuconazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole, metconazole, hexaconazole, and triadimefon. This study aimed to analyze the functions of the three Cyp51s in F. fujikuroi, especially their role in determining sensitivity to DMIs.

Results

The respective deletion of FfCyp51A, Cyp51B, and Cyp51C had no obvious effect on morphology, conidium germination, or pathogenicity. The involvement of growth, growth and ergosterol biosynthesis, and conidium production and ergosterol biosynthesis was observed for FfCyp51A, Cyp51B, and Cyp51C, respectively. Compared with the sensitive isolate of F. fujikuroi, the effect on sensitivity to the tested DMIs was divided into four groups: (i) both of Cyp51A and Cyp51B positively regulate the sensitivity to prochloraz and prothioconazole; (ii) Cyp51B positively regulate the sensitivity to tebuconazole and metconazole, but negatively regulate the sensitivity to difenoconazole; (iii) Cyp51A and Cyp51B play opposite roles in the sensitivity to triadimefon. Therefore, deletion of Cyp51A in F. fujikuroi confers a higher sensitivity to triadimefon, while deletion of Cyp51B results in a triadimefon‐resistant mutant isolate; (iv) deletion of Cyp51B yielded a mutant isolate that was more resistant to propiconazole and hexaconazole.

Conclusion

Sophisticated interactions exist within the three Cyp51 genes to DMIs fungicides sensitivity in F. fujikuroi, and Cyp51B probably plays a more critical role than Cyp51A and Cyp51C. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Structure, Stability, and Electronic Properties of Hydrogenated Monolayer 2D Silicon Allotropes by First‐Principles Calculation
Authors: Zhang Haimin , Luo Yongchun , Tang Fuling , Lin Boyang , Wu Chen
Published: November 2022

Due to silicon having a sp3 hybridization configuration in nature, most monolayer 2D silicon allotropes have to be proposed based on the dumbbell‐like units to ensure their structural stability. Herein, hydrogenated monolayer 2D silicon allotropes are predicted, and the sp3 configuration of structures is guaranteed by covering the surface with hydrogen. Compared with the corresponding hydrogen‐free structures and the hydrogen‐free structures on Ag(111) substrate, these predicted structures have lower formation energies, indicating that these monolayer 2D silicon allotropes can be obtained by hydrogenation reactions. These predicted structures are all dynamically stable and structures SCH, HPH, and HDH are thermodynamically stable. The structure SLH is the transition‐state structure of structure SCH and structures OTQTH and HHKH are metastable structures. The stable and metastable structures are all semiconductors and can be applied to semiconductor devices. All of these monolayer 2D silicon allotropes have high gravimetric hydrogen contents and may have applications for chemical hydrogen storage or water‐enabled H2 production. It is believed that the results of this work have a good reference value for the experimental synthesis of hydrogenated monolayer 2D silicon allotropes, and have reference significance for understanding the diversity and electronic properties of hydrogenated monolayer 2D silicon allotropes.
Effect of oral cannabis administration on the fat depots of obese and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ramlugon Sonaal , Levendal Ruby‐Ann , Frost Carminita L.
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of obesity and insulin‐resistance is on the rise, globally. Cannabis have been shown to have anti‐diabetic/obesity properties, however, the effect mediated at various fat depots remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to (1) investigate the anti‐diabetic property of an oral cannabis administration in an obese and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model and (2) to determine and compare the effect mediated at the peritoneal and intramuscular fat level. Cannabis concentration of 1.25 mg/kg body weight (relative to THC content) was effective in reversing insulin‐resistance in the rat model, unlike the other higher cannabinoid concentrations. At the peritoneal fat level, gene expression of fat beigeing markers, namely Cidea and UCP1, were significantly increased compared to the untreated control. At the intramuscular fat level, on the other hand, CE1.25 treatment did not promote fat beigeing but instead significantly increased mitochondrial activity, relative to the untreated control. Therefore, these findings indicate that the mechanism of action of oral cannabis administration, where glucose and lipid homeostasis is restored, is not only dependent on the dosage but also on the type of fat depot investigated.
Functional safe zone for THA considering the patient‐specific pelvic tilts: An ultrasound‐based approach
Authors: Guezou‐Philippe Aziliz , Clave Arnaud , Marchadour Wistan , Letissier Hoel , Lefevre Christian , Stindel Eric , Dardenne Guillaume
Published: November 2022

The usual Lewinnek orientation for cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty is not suitable for all patients as it does not consider the patient mobility. We propose an ultrasound‐based approach to compute a Functional Safe Zone (FSZ) considering daily positions. Our goal was to validate it, and to evaluate how the input parameters impact the FSZ size and barycentre. The accuracy of the FSZ was first assessed by comparing the FSZ computed by the proposed approach and the true FSZ determined by 3D modelling. Then, the input parameters' impact on the FSZ was studied using a principal component analysis. The FSZ was estimated with errors below 0.5° for mean anteversion, mean inclination, and at edges. The pelvic tilts and the neck orientation were found correlated to the FSZ mean orientation, and the target ROM and the prosthesis dimensions to the FSZ size. Integrated into the clinical workflow, this non‐ionising approach can be used to easily determine an optimal patient‐specific cup orientation minimising the risks of dislocation.
Dual‐Purpose 3D‐Silica Nanostructure Matrix for Rapid Epigenetic Reprogramming of Tumor Cell to Cancer Stem Cell Spheroid
Authors: Verma Anish Hiresha , Haldavnekar Rupa , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo
Published: November 2022

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare subpopulation responsible for tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, are difficult to characterize and isolate. Conventional method of growing CSCs takes up to 2–8 weeks inhibiting the rate of research. Therefore, rapid reprogramming (RR) of tumor cells into CSCs is crucial to accelerate the stem cell oncology research. The current RR techniques cannot be utilized for CSC RR due to many limitations posed due to isolation requirements resulting in loss of vital data. Hence, a technique that can induce CSC RR without the need for isolation procedures is needed. Here, fabrication of a 3D‐silica nanostructured extracellular matrix for RR and in situ monitoring is reported. The RR is tested using three preclinical cancer models. The 3D matrix and a zeta potential study confirm an intense material‐cellular interaction resulting in the enhanced expressions of surface and epigenetic biomarkers. Cancer cells require only 3‐day period to form CSC spheroids with 3D‐silica extracellular matrix. Real‐time single‐cell monitoring of the methylene blue‐induced photodynamic demonstrates the dual functionality. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a CSC epigenetic reprogramming using nanostructures. These findings may pave the path for accelerating the stem cell research in oncology.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Heterogeneous Nano/Ultrafine‐Grained Austenitic Stainless Steel Prepared by Low‐Temperature Rolling and Annealing
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Haojie , Huang Long , Ma Xing , Zhang Rong , Deng Xiangtao , Wang Zhaodong
Published: November 2022

An 18Cr–8Ni austenitic stainless steel is subjected to cold rolling at room temperature and low temperature (−50 °C) under different amounts of deformation. The samples cold rolled to 70% deformation are then annealed to obtain nano/ultrafine‐grained steels with a good strength–ductility combination. The effects of cold rolling temperature and deformation amount on the microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless steel during rolling are investigated. The results reveal that low‐temperature rolling reduces the stacking fault energy of austenitic stainless steel and promotes the formation of shear bands, ε‐martensite, and α′‐martensite. For both low‐temperature and room‐temperature rolling, the austenite and α′‐martensite, austenite and ε‐martensite, α′‐martensite and ε‐martensite pairs follow the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S), Shoji–Nishiyama (S–N), and Burgers orientation relationships, respectively. The deformation‐induced martensite transformation sequence of austenitic stainless steel follows the processes γ → α' and γ → ε → α'. A heterogeneous nano/ultrafine‐grained structure with a grain size of 560 nm is obtained by low‐temperature rolling and annealing; room‐temperature rolling achieves a grain size of 690 nm. The heterogeneous nano/ultrafine‐grained steel exhibits a high yield strength of 908 MPa and maintains a satisfactory total elongation of 43%.
Automated recognition of ruffed grouse drumming in field recordings
Authors: Lapp Samuel , Larkin Jeffery L. , Parker Halie A. , Larkin Jeffery T. , Shaffer Dakotah R. , Tett Carolyn , McNeil Darin J. , Fiss Cameron J. , Kitzes Justin
Published: November 2022

Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) populations are declining throughout their range, which has prompted efforts to understand drivers of the decline. Ruffed grouse monitoring efforts often rely on acoustic drumming surveys, in which a surveyor listens for the distinctive drumming sound that male ruffed grouse produce during the breeding season. Field‐based drumming surveys can fail to detect ruffed grouse when the birds drum infrequently or irregularly, making this species an excellent candidate for remote acoustic sensing with automated recording units (ARUs). An accurate automated recognition method for ruffed grouse drumming could enable effective and efficient use of ARU data for monitoring efforts; however, no such tool is currently available. Here we develop an automated method for detecting ruffed grouse drumming in audio recordings. Our detector uses a signal processing pipeline designed to recognize the accelerating pattern of drumming. We show that the automated recognition method accurately and efficiently detects drumming events in a set of labeled ARU field recordings. In a case study with 56 locations in Central Pennsylvania, we compared detections of ruffed grouse from 4 survey methods: field‐based acoustic drumming surveys, surveys conducted by humans listening to ARU recordings, and automated recognition for both a 1‐day and a 28‐day period. Field‐based surveys detected drumming at 9 of 56 locations (16%), while surveys conducted by humans listening to ARU recordings detected drumming at 8 locations (14%). Using automated recognition, the 1‐day recording period produced detections at 17 locations (30%) and the 28‐day recording period produced detections at 34 locations (61%). Our case study supports the idea that automated recognition can unlock the value of ARU datasets by temporally expanding the survey period. We provide an open‐source Python implementation of the recognition method to support further use in ruffed grouse monitoring efforts.
A mathematical game for topology optimization of cooling systems
Authors: Thore Carl‐Johan , Lundgren Jonas , Lundgren Jan‐Erik
Published: November 2022

We propose a topology optimization‐based method for optimal design of cooling systems in the form of a mathematical game between two players trying to reach a compromise between limiting the amount of a cooling medium used and obtaining low temperatures in the design domain. The flow of the cooling medium is governed by a Stokes–Brinkman flow model with penalty, while the temperature is governed by a stationary convection–diffusion problem whose solution is approximated using a finite element method with consistent stabilization. Existence of solution for the continuum problems and finite element convergence are shown. The idea and performance of the proposed design method are illustrated by numerical examples based on a problem‐setting inspired by an industrial design problem for a gas turbine part. The method exhibits good convergence and is able to generate meaningful design concepts representing various levels of compromise between limited use of cooling medium and low temperatures.
Soil Laboratory: Crafting Experiments in an Exhibition Setting
Authors: Latva-Somppi Riikka
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, I will reflect on the role of craft in environmental discourse. This is done by presenting the project Soil Laboratory as a case study, examining its methodology and its context, the exhibition Soil Matters in the Design Museum Helsinki 2020–2021. Through the exhibition we contemplated the relationship between humans and soil and particularly asked the following question: How are the craft and design industries and the consumption of everyday objects involved in the reformation and contamination of soil? The Soil Laboratory was a central element in the exhibition and operated as a platform where collaborations were born, and knowledge merged, created and reiterated in the hope of cultivating responsibility and care towards soil. Via the case study, I argue that craft practice offers a tool to engage with the aesthetics of matter and the intimacy of making. It can be used to critically examine connections to material production and the consumption of natural materials. As such, craft and design exhibitions as arenas for reflection can engage in the politics of sustainable co-existence and impact upon ethical considerations.
The LPM effect in sequential bremsstrahlung: incorporation of “instantaneous” interactions for QCD
Authors: Arnold Peter , Gorda Tyler , Iqbal Shahin
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The splitting processes of bremsstrahlung and pair production in a medium are coherent over large distances in the very high energy limit, which leads to a suppression known as the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. We continue study of the case when the coherence lengths (formation lengths) of two consecutive splitting processes overlap, avoiding soft-emission approximations. Previous work made a “nearly-complete” calculation of the effect of overlapping formation times on gluonic splittings such as g → gg → ggg (with simplifying assumptions such as an infinite QCD medium and the large-Nc limit). In this paper, we extend those previous rate calculations from nearly-complete to complete by including processes involving the exchange of longitudinally-polarized gluons. In the context of Lightcone Pertubation Theory, used earlier for the “nearly-complete” calculation, such exchanges are instantaneous in lightcone time and have their own diagrammatic representation.
The flavourful present and future of 2HDMs at the collider energy frontier
Authors: Atkinson Oliver , Black Matthew , Englert Christoph , Lenz Alexander , Rusov Aleksey , Wynne James
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We study the intersection of flavour and collider physics for Two-Higgs-Doublet models of Type I and II. Drawing from the flavour precision-LHC exotics search complementarity, we also provide a projection of the future sensitivity that can be achieved in light of currently available analyses. On the one hand, we find that the parameter space of the 2HDM can be explored significantly further with more data from the LHC with some complementarity with flavour physics. On the other hand, flavour physics results alongside their projections remain powerful tools to constrain the model space in regions where direct sensitivity to new states via exotics searches is lost. Our results further high-light the recently observed flavour physics anomalies as important drivers of new physics searches in the future; we also touch on implications for a strong first order electroweak phase transition.
Activin A and CCR2 regulate macrophage function in testicular fibrosis caused by experimental autoimmune orchitis
Authors: Peng Wei , Kepsch Artem , Kracht Till O. , Hasan Hiba , Wijayarathna Rukmali , Wahle Eva , Pleuger Christiane , Bhushan Sudhanshu , Günther Stefan , Kauerhof A. Christine , Planinić Ana , Fietz Daniela , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Wygrecka Małgorzata , Loveland Kate L. , Ježek Davor , Meinhardt Andreas , Hedger Mark P. , Fijak Monika
Published: November 2022

Experimental autoimmune-orchitis (EAO), a rodent model of chronic testicular inflammation and fibrosis, replicates pathogenic changes seen in some cases of human spermatogenic disturbances. During EAO, increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators such as TNF, CCL2, and activin A are accompanied by infiltration of leukocytes into the testicular parenchyma. Activin A levels correlate with EAO severity, while elevated CCL2 acting through its receptor CCR2 mediates leukocyte trafficking and recruits macrophages. CCR2 + CXCR4 + macrophages producing extracellular matrix proteins contribute widely to fibrogenesis. Furthermore, testicular macrophages (TMs) play a critical role in organ homeostasis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the activin A/CCL2-CCR2/macrophage axis in the development of testicular fibrosis. Following EAO induction, we observed lower levels of organ damage, collagen deposition, and leukocyte infiltration (including fibronectin+, collagen I+and CXCR4+TMs) inCcr2−/−mice than inWTmice. Furthermore, levels ofIl-10,Ccl2, and the activin A subunitInhbamRNAs were lower inCcr2−/−EAO testes. Notably, fibronectin+TMs were also present in biopsies from patients with impaired spermatogenesis and fibrotic alterations. Overexpression of the activin A antagonist follistatin reduced tissue damage and collagen I+TM accumulation inWTEAO testes, while treating macrophages with activin A in vitro increased the expression ofCcr2,Fn1,Cxcr4,andMmp2and enhanced migration along a CCL2 gradient; these effects were abolished by follistatin. Taken together, our data indicate that CCR2 and activin A promote fibrosis during testicular inflammation by regulating macrophage function. Inhibition of CCR2 or activin A protects against damage progression, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention.
Evaluation of the cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy by use of breath-hold fMRI: investigation of voxel-wise hemodynamic delay correction in comparison to [15O]water PET
Authors: Zerweck Leonie , Hauser Till-Karsten , Roder Constantin , Blazhenets Ganna , Khan Nadia , Ernemann Ulrike , Meyer Philipp T. , Klose Uwe
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy (MMA) require hemodynamic assessment to evaluate the risk of stroke. Hemodynamic evaluation by use of breath-hold-triggered fMRI (bh-fMRI) was proposed as a readily available alternative to the diagnostic standard [15O]water PET. Recent studies suggest voxel-wise hemodynamic delay correction in hypercapnia-triggered fMRI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of delay correction of bh-fMRI in patients with MMA and to compare the results with [15O]water PET.

Methods

bh-fMRI data sets of 22 patients with MMA were evaluated without and with voxel-wise delay correction within different shift ranges and compared to the corresponding [15O]water PET data sets. The effects were evaluated combined and in subgroups of data sets with most severely impaired CVR (apparent steal phenomenon), data sets with territorial time delay, and data sets with neither steal phenomenon nor delay between vascular territories.

Results

The study revealed a high mean cross-correlation (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) between bh-fMRI and [15O]water PET. The correlation was strongly dependent on the choice of the shift range. Overall, no shift range revealed a significantly improved correlation between bh-fMRI and [15O]water PET compared to the correlation without delay correction. Delay correction within shift ranges with positive high high cutoff revealed a lower agreement between bh-fMRI and PET overall and in all subgroups.

Conclusion

Voxel-wise delay correction, in particular with shift ranges with high cutoff, should be used critically as it can lead to false-negative results in regions with impaired CVR and a lower correlation to the diagnostic standard [15O]water PET.
Müssen wir wissen und werden wir jemals wissen?
Authors: Portmann Edy
Published: November 2022

In einer im Video „Das Paradoxon im Herzen der Mathematik“ (von Marcus du Sautoy) fussenden Common-Sense-Kolumne, beleuchtet der Wirtschaftsinformatiker Edy Portmann den Gödelschen Unvollständigkeitssatz und zeigt daran deren Implikationen für die Informatik auf. Kurz gesagt: unsere Realität ist unscharf und nicht exakt!
Detection and molecular characterization of Trichomonas gallinae recovered from domestic pigeons in Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Hend M. , Saad Aalaa S. A. , Khalifa Marwa M. , Abdel-Maogood Sahar Z. , Awadalla Salwa M. F. , Mousa Waheed M.
Published: November 2022

Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite that causes canker in pigeons. Squabs (young pigeons) are frequently infected with T. gallinae and can die because of the infection, while adult pigeons can act as carriers showing no clinical signs. In the present study, 50 squabs, up to 1-month-old, were purchased from pigeon markets in different regions of the Giza governorate, Egypt. Direct wet mount preparations of the oral excretions of the squabs (mouth wash) and Giemsa staining revealed that 64% (32/50) were positive for T. gallinae. Experimental infection of ten squabs with 103 T. gallinae trophozoites/ml resulted in oral lesions on the mouth, tongue, and soft palate, with the presence of yellowish-white nodules (cheese-like) in the oral cavity on the sixth day post-infection in all squabs. A subset of five samples were cultured in modified Diamond’s media, their DNA was extracted, and a portion of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1/5.8S/ITS2) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the five isolates revealed 64–91% homology with some reference isolates circulating in Egypt and related countries.
Real-Fibered Morphisms of del Pezzo Surfaces and Conic Bundles
Authors: Kummer Mario , Le Texier Cédric , Manzaroli Matilde
Published: November 2022

It goes back to Ahlfors that a real algebraic curve admits a real-fibered morphism to the projective line if and only if the real part of the curve disconnects its complex part. Inspired by this result, we are interested in characterising real algebraic varieties of dimension n admitting real-fibered morphisms to the n-dimensional projective space. We present a criterion to classify real-fibered morphisms that arise as finite surjective linear projections from an embedded variety which relies on topological linking numbers. We address special attention to real algebraic surfaces. We classify all real-fibered morphisms from real del Pezzo surfaces to the projective plane and determine which such morphisms arise as the composition of a projective embedding with a linear projection. Furthermore, we give some insights in the case of real conic bundles.
Cusp Density and Commensurability of Non-arithmetic Hyperbolic Coxeter Orbifolds
Authors: Dotti Edoardo , Drewitz Simon T. , Kellerhals Ruth
Published: November 2022

For three distinct infinite families$$(R_m)$$(Rm),$$(S_m)$$(Sm), and$$(T_m)$$(Tm)of non-arithmetic 1-cusped hyperbolic Coxeter 3-orbifolds, we prove incommensurability for a pair of elements$$X_k$$Xkand$$Y_l$$Ylbelonging to the same sequence and for most pairs belonging two different ones. We investigate this problem first by means of the Vinberg space and the Vinberg form, a quadratic space associated to each of the corresponding fundamental Coxeter prism groups, which allows us to deduce some partial results. The complete proof is based on the analytic behavior of another commensurability invariant. It is given by the cusp density, and we prove and exploit its strict monotonicity.