bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventilation currents in the turbulent environment of industrial premises
Authors: Samsonov Vladimir
Published: March 2022

The turbulent air environment in industrial premises intensively affects the characteristics of air and heat and gas jets and thereby the effectiveness of various industrial ventilation devices. This effect manifests itself in the accelerated expansion of the main sections of the jets and in the reduction of their range of action. Until recently, the influence of the intensity of air turbulence was not taken into account in the corresponding calculation and design methods. The article proposes methods for calculating air jets and the efficiency of open local suction, taking into account the influence of a turbulized air environment.
DETERMINATION OF THE ESTIMATED COST OF CONSTRUCTION AT THE EARLY STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Tyurin Il'ya
Published: March 2022

The article discusses some topical issues of determining the estimated cost of construction at the early stages of the life cycle of investment and construction projects. A technique for calculating the estimated cost of construction using several analogous objects is proposed. Research of the algorithm and results of calculations performed according to the proposed method were carried out. Conclusions on the work of the methodology and the scope of its application are formed.
Agricultural Residues in Turkey: Energy Potential and Evaluation of Existing Biomass Power Plants
Authors: BAHADIROĞLU Ayşegül , ATAY Buse Nur , BAŞAKÇILARDAN KABAKCI Sibel
Published: March 2022

Biomass energy gains importance constantly in order to increase energy security, diversity and develop the rural economy. Most of the existing biomass energy power plants in Turkey use solid waste, it is extremely important to encourage the use of agricultural residues in these facilities. In this study, agricultural residues were examined under two headings: primary residues (PR) are the residues left in the field after harvest (corn stalk, wheat straw, etc.), and secondary residues (SR) are the residues after the products are processed in the factory (almond shell, corn cob, etc.) When calculating the amount of agricultural residues, special uses such as soil protection, animal feeding, heating purposes are taken into account. The most cultivated products across 81 provinces in Turkey are listed and the residues are concentrated on products with high calorific value. The amount of primary and secondary residues belonging to these agricultural products was extracted and mapped based on provinces. Then the energy potential of these residues was calculated. The total amount of PR and SR produced in Turkey is 39 412 683 tonnes and 6 803 787 tonnes. By assuming the total efficiency of the power plant as 30% and the capacity factor of the biomass power plant as 0.65, the power to be obtained from only PRs will be 2 438.5 MW and from only SR will be 830 MW in the total of 81 provinces. Based on AHP method, cost is the most important criterion in the selection of pretreatment before transportation.
The school library collection: An essential building block to teaching and learning
Authors: Hopkins Dianne McAfee
Published: March 2022

One of the primary uses of Library Power funding has been the development or enhancement of school library collections. Collection development during the Library Power grant years is discussed, including the improvement of overall collections. Teachers became more involved in selection and used the collection more in instruction. Contributions of the library collection to instruction are discussed, particularly as the basis for collaboration efforts between the librarian and teachers designed to promote effective teaching and learning in the schools.
Contributions of Library Power to Collaborations Between Librarians and Teachers
Authors: Webb Norman , Doll Carol A
Published: March 2022

A major goal of Library Power was to increase the collaboration among classroom teachers and librarians, The research reported in this article supports the conclusion that Library Power was successful in achieving this goal, Analysis of data from over 400 schools (including collaboration logs completed by librarians and questionnaires completed by principals, librarians, and teachers) shows that participation in Library Power increased the percentage of schools where teachers and librarians collaborated to plan instruction and to develop the library collection. Library Power also apparently increased the percentage of teachers who collaborated with the librarian in schools where collaboration already existed. Collaborative logs supported the conclusion that library skills were integrated into the curriculum at all grade levels.
Editorial
Authors: Branch Jennifer
Published: March 2022

In this special issue of School Libraries Worldwide, "Research Around the World," you can look forward to learning more about schools and school libraries in Israel, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States.
Popular Culture in the School Library: Enhancing Literacies Traditional and New
Authors: Friese Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

In an evolving landscape of traditional and new literacies, the roles of the school library and teacher librarian are changing. n order to support instruction in multiple literacies, teacher librarians must rethink both collections and services. Materials eaturing popular culture influences are explored for their relevance to several types of literacy instruction. The inclusion of popular culture materials in school library collections can support achievement in traditional literacy while facilitating nnection with everyday literacy practices. Popular culture materials also provide instructional opportunities for critical media literacy as well as information literacy. Popular culture texts are worthy of inclusion in school library collections for reasons nhancing both pedagogy and enjoyment.
Towards a Transformative Pedagogy for School Libraries 2.0
Authors: Asselin Marline , Doiron Ray
Published: March 2022

As more and more educators face the impact of Web 2.0, and as we see emerging what could be called a Learning 2.0 environment, it becomes urgent to extend teaching to meet the literacy and learning needs of the Net Generation. These new learners and their expanding literacy needs have major implications for current models of school library programs hich are largely focused on reading promotion and information literacy skills. We join others in recognizing the need to critically question long held tenets of school libraries and to create a new research-based vision that will accord with the current economic and social directions driving educational change. This paper contributes to that process by proposing a ramework for the work of school libraries in new times based on research in new literacies, today's learners, and emerging concepts of knowledge.
A Grounded Analysis of Year 8 Students' Reflections on Information Literacy Skills and Techniques
Authors: Herring James
Published: March 2022

This research, undertaken in a high school in the United Kingdom, focuses on the views of year 8 students who were asked to reflect on their use of information literacy skills when completing an English assignment. Students completed a diary during the assignment, and a semi-structured interview was carried out with the class teacher. A grounded analysis approach was taken in analysing the student diaries and the teacher interview. Findings reveal a number of categories which illustrate the students' views of and use of information literacy skills: Using information literacy skills and techniques; Making links; Being confident; Being reflective.
Description and Evaluation of the Information Literacy Program in a Private School in Lebanon: A Case Study
Authors: Sakr Rola , Nabhani Mona , Osta Iman
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the information literacy program offered through the library of a private elementary school in Beirut, to evaluate its effectiveness, and to formulate recommendations for improving library programs in similar schools. This was done through examining the components of the school library and the perceptions of librarians, teachers, students and parents related to the role of the school library. Study participants consisted of all students and teachers of second and fourth grades, 18 parents, and the librarian and assistant librarian. Data was collected through teacher questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with the librarian and assistant librarian, phone interviews with parents, and observations of student to librarian and teacher to librarian interactions during library class sessions. Results of the study showed the role of the school library in developing students' information literacy skills and in motivating students to read.
Using Digital Resources: Perceptions of First Nations University Students
Authors: Luther Frances , Lerat Phyllis
Published: March 2022

Canada's indigenous peoples face many educational challenges, including the need to learn how to use digital resources. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of First Nations students regarding their use of digital resources. The participants in the study were students studying at the First Nations University of Canada, an institution developed to serve indigenous students. This collaborative research project was intended to provide recommendations for policy and practice to teachers, teacher-librarians and administrators working with First Nations students in Kindergarten to grade 12 schools as well as to administrators and librarians in universities serving First Nations students. The community-based planning approach to the research emphasized listening to the voices of the First Nations students and developing recommendations based on their perceptions of their access to, use of and capacity to use digital resources.
Research into Practice
Authors: Oberg Dianne
Published: March 2022

This issue of School Libraries Worldwide is an open or non-theme issue, focusing on current research from around the world pertaining to aspects of school library practice. The articles in this issue are international in their authorship -- from Scotland, Brazil, Lebanon, the USA and Canada. Yet, in one way or another, each of the four articles is about information literacy, as a concept, a process, and a way of thinking, and about how school library professionals and their clientele interpret and enact that concept in practice.
Relationships that Foster Intrinsic Motivation for Information Seeking
Authors: Crow Sherry
Published: March 2022

Basedon a study conducted in the fall of 2008, this article highlights relational aspects of the experiences of upper elementary (age 10) children identified asintrinsically motivated for information seeking. Research for the study was conducted using an inductive naturalistic approach in order to address the following question, "What are the experiences in the lives of upper elementary school children that foster an intrinsic motivation to seek information?" The Self-determination Theory provided the basis forthe theoretical framework. Participants were selected from a pool of fifth graders from three diverse schools within a single communityin the USA. Initially, the children were chosen based on the results of a survey especially developed for the study. Interviews and a drawing activity were used to collect the data that served as the foundationfor analysis. Findings featured in this article arethe students' affinity for play, point-of-passion experiences, "anchor" relationships, and indication by students that working in a group was a component of their favorite information seeking episodes. Importance of relationships to students of particular cultures is also discussed.
Relationships
Authors: Oberg Dianne
Published: March 2022

Relationships are at the heart of most human endeavours; in our field, we are constantly working with others.
Guiding the Inquiry Using the Modified Scientific Literature Review
Authors: Schmidt Randell , Kowalski Virginia , Nevins Lorraine
Published: March 2022

An ethnographic study explored how 41 grade 11students enrolled in biology, chemistry, physics and psychology classes completed a modified scientific literature review (SLR). Researchers questioned whether the use of primary readings from peer-review science journals promoted increased student learning, the ability to handle scientific information, the stimulation of critical thinking skills, development of a deeper understanding of a scientific topic, and the preparation for collegiate research.
Video Games as Digital Learning Resources: Implications for Teacher-Librarians and For Researchers
Authors: Moline Teddy
Published: March 2022

For many teens of both genders in industrialized countries, video gaming is an integral part of their play and of their informal learning. This qualitative study explored the learning experiences of adolescents as they played recreational video games of their choice in their homes, with the intent of understanding how they came to believe in their ability to learn in informal learning situations. These teens perceived their learning as evolutionary, constructive, embedded in context, and most satisfying when self-solved. This report concludes with implications for teacher-librarians and implications for further research on bridging the gap between formal and informal learning.
Features of Elementary School Library Poetry Collections: A Collection Analysis Study
Authors: Enochs Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

An analysis of the poetry holdings of 72 elementary school libraries in one American public school district addressed the research question: What are some distinguishing features of elementary school library poetry collections? The study data was collected using the reporting feature of the district's online library catalog software. Nearly 90% of the poetry collections in the study sample were less than half the recommended size. Most collections were near the 14-year age limit for a state standards compliant school library collection, and poetry circulation totaled less than one percent of the average library's circulation.
Year seven students, concept mapping and the issues of transfer
Authors: Herring James
Published: March 2022

This paper focuses on the use of concept maps by year 7 students in hree rural schools in New South Wales, Australia. The study examined the views of students, teachers and teacher librarians on the use of concept maps and the extent to which students would transfer concept mapping skills across time and across subjects. Grounded theory was used as the method for the study. Data was gathered via student diaries, questionnaires and interviews, and teacher and teacher librarian interviews. Data was analysed and interpreted using grounded theory techniques. Findings indicated that transfer was a complex issue for students and school staff.
School librarians' advocacy for the profession: Results of a U.S. national survey
Authors: Ewbank Ann
Published: March 2022

As a result of eliminations in school librarian positions due to funding reductions in schools and school districts across the United States, library associations encourage school librarians to advocate for the profession. A U.S. national survey of 381 school librarians investigated present advocacy efforts, needs, obstacles, and successful methods. An overwhelming majority of school librarians believe that advocacy for the profession is important. Only half of the respondents reported engaging in advocacy activities. Respondents who reported position or funding threats were more likely to advocate and perceive a greater level of success in their advocacy efforts. The most frequent obstacles to advocacy were lack of time and lack of awareness. Future research should investigate advocacy impact on decision-making. Library associations are challenged to motivate school librarians to engage in the process of advocacy.
Librarians' Leadership Efficacy, Training, and School Involvement: Collaboration between Teachers and School Librarians in Israel
Authors: Ash-Argyle Ruth , Shoham Snunith
Published: March 2022

This paper analyzes the correlation between the type of training received by librarians, their leadership efficacy and their involvement in the life of the school, and patterns of teacher-librarian collaboration (TLC) in Israel. The study was based on 291 questionnaires answered by school librarians, teachers, and principals of public schools in Israel. The research findings indicate that leadership ability is predictive of an advanced pattern of teacher-librarian collaboration (TLC).
Teacher Librarians as Connectors to the School CEO
Authors: VanTuyle Vicki , Watkins Sandra
Published: March 2022

Forty-nine rural superintendents in two Midwestern states in the USA participated in a qualitative study to investigate how they utilized research and information expertise of teacher librarians to solve district challenges and opportunities. Researchers partnered with six Midwestern regional offices of education who helped facilitate the study's focus groups. Resulting data indicated that a majority of superintendents were not accessing the expertise of the teacher librarian. They were not familiar with the role of teacher librarians, nor were they familiar with the current research on the importance of school libraries and librarians in advancing student learning and student achievement.
The roles of professional organizations in school library education: Case studies from around the world
Authors: Farmer Lesley
Published: March 2022

International guidelines for school libraries and teacher librarians exist. However, the role of professional library associations in teacher librarian education has been largely overlooked. This exploratory study examines the role of professional library associations in Brazil, Honduras, Nepal, and the United States (specifically California) relative to teacher librarian pre-service education and in-service professional development. The associations are analyzed in light of communities of practice and the contingency theory of socialization. The findings demonstrate how professional library associations provide culturally relevant professional development that melds professional expertise and socialization.
Preparing school librarians in rural areas through distance education and communities of practice
Authors: Kymes Angel , Ray Barbara
Published: March 2022

As distance education and online learning continue to redefine higher education, graduate programs in library and information science remain a popular course of study for this type of instructional delivery method. Programs that target the unique needs of adult students, focused on constructivist learning, can provide increased levels of access to higher education for students in rural communities. As a recipient of an Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS) grant, one institution is providing distributed, community-based instruction to rural areas and encouraging a community of practice to support pre-service school library candidates.
Guided Inquiry Projects: Enrichment for Gifted Pupils
Authors: Repinc Urska , Juznic Primoz
Published: March 2022

Primary school teachers develop work schemes to foster the appropriate skills and social abilities in their pupils. These schemes often include systematically providing enrichment activities for gifted pupils. In collaboration with teachers, school librarians can contribute and positively influence gifted pupils through research project work. Gifted pupils need challenges and opportunities through which they can express their talents. This paper describes a study with gifted pupils who engaged in guided inquiry activities led by a school librarian and organized outside of regular classes. The results suggested that the experience was not only positive for gifted pupils but also for the entire school community and the school's immediate and possibly wider environment
School librarians and the mandated implementation of digital textbooks in Florida and South Korea: Exploring school context
Authors: Kang Ji , Everhart Nancy
Published: March 2022

In order to address context pertaining to the dissemination of digital textbooks, and to provide timely support and appropriate assistance to facilitate the adoption of digital textbooks, this study analyzes the similarities and differences between cultural and educational backgrounds that influence school librarians in regards to digital textbook implementation in Florida and South Korea. Both the settings' similarities -- such as top-down implementation policies and continuous attempts to improve student achievement -- and differences -- such as the purpose of digital textbook implementation and teacher resistance to new technologies -- provide an opportunity to closely examine leadership roles for school librarians.
Using Internet Metasites to Foster Teenage Girls' Interest in Technology
Authors: Farmer Lesley
Published: March 2022

Around the world, girls do not have equal access to technology either physically or intellectually. School library programs are uniquely positioned to address this issue by promoting Internet sites where girls can use technology. Providing relevant and attractive Web sites for girls has interested education, organizations, and business in recent years. Because thousands of Web sites target teenage female audiences, the focus of this research was metasites or directories of public Web sites that would link to sites on technology for teenage girls. These metasites and other Web sites that support teenage girls' knowledge and involvement in technology are analyzed.
Student Learning Through Ohio School Libraries, Introduction: Partner-Leaders in Action
Authors: Tepe Ann , Geitgey Gayle
Published: March 2022

tudent Learning Through Ohio School Libraries: The Ohio Research Study, published in 2004, represents one of the largest studies to date that has sought to identify how school libraries affect student learning. Reflecting on the nature and scale of this study, the reader may wonder why Ohio, a state in the central United States with 3,913 public elementary, middle, and high schools, would consider conducting a statewide survey to establish how school libraries benefit learning. This question has several answers. Until 2000, schools across Ohio were required to have a licensed school librarian. However, in 2000, changes in the operating standards for school libraries introduced by the Ohio Department of Education meant that the requirement to have a licensed school librarian became subject to the interpretation of the local school superintendent, possibly allowing for school librarians to be eliminated. This change placed greater emphasis on the need for school librarians to be able to articulate their role in relation to student learning and to demonstrate more concretely the outcomes of their school library program through the provision of evidence.
Research as Part of the Web Site Development Process: The Case of School Libraries Online
Authors: Clyde Laurel A
Published: March 2022

IASL's Webmaster discusses the part that research has played in the ongoing development of IASL's Web site School Libraries Online. Established in 1995, the Web site was 10 years old at the time this article was written; a brief history of the site is provided. Work on the site has been guided by a strategic planning process in the context of which research results have informed decision-making. Desk research provided background information that was important in the establishment of the Web site. This included an "internal environment" scan that focused on developing an understanding of the Association and its members and an "external environment" scan that focused on Internet trends and developments. With the site well established, ongoing environment scanning has continued to inform development. Users' needs have been monitored on an ongoing basis through two main strategies: analysis of the weekly and monthly reports from the Web site search engine, and analysis of the statistical information provided by a user tracking service.
Informational Empowerment: Using Informational Books to Connect the Library Media Center Program with Sheltered Instruction
Authors: Naidoo Jamie Campbell
Published: March 2022

Sheltered instruction (SI) is a teaching strategy that allows the school library media specialist to collaborate in the English-as-a-second language (ESL) program to help English language learner (ELL) students integrate second-language acquisition skills with content area instruction. By aligning ESL Standards for Pre-K-12 Students with Information Power standards, a powerful collaborative effort is formed between the school library media specialist and ESL teachers. These two United States standards for education allow ESL teachers to learn selection criteria and teaching strategies for using informational trade books with ELL students while providing an opportunity far the school library media specialist to learn how better to assist ELL students with acquiring information. Read-alouds, puppetry, book talks, storytelling, author studies, and listening centers are useful approaches for incorporating the various genres of informational books into sheltered instruction.
Implications of Using Focus Groups to Improve Library Services.
Authors: Wilson-Matusky Deborah K.
Published: March 2022

Focus groups have been used to improve services in a variety of arenas. In educational settings, they have been used in improving classroom teachers' performance, in general professional development, and in addressing areas of concern in the school setting. This research explores the effectiveness of focus groups in a school library media setting to improve library services to users, with particular emphasis on prioritizing concerns and generating solutions. Recommendations of the focus groups were compared with recommendations from the school librarian based on analysis of the data. As a result, a combined action plan was developed for guiding the future practices of the school library.
School Libraries Worldwide as a Source of Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice, 1995-2006
Authors: Oberg Dianne
Published: March 2022

The theme for this issue of School Libraries Worldwide is evidence-based practice. As I reflected on the articles that make up this issue, I was reminded of the research done by Laurel A. Clyde over the past five years or so on research and researchers in school librarianship (see Clyde, 2001, for a description of that program of research).
Information Literacy in the New Zealand Education Sector
Authors: Moore Penny
Published: March 2022

A relational model of information literacy (Bruce, 1997) has been used as a framework for examining national policies, teacher education, curriculum integration, and assessment issues relating to information literacy and lifelong learning. Initiatives by a range of stakeholders are included to illustrate shared responsibility and support for the educational goals. Successful development of the information and communications technology capacity in schools and extension of technological skills of teachers have yet to be matched in teacher education by explicit, systematic attention to the broader requirements of information literacy. National curriculum documents imply an intention to ensure that information literacy continue to be embedded in essential learning areas, but indications are that this is not translating evenly into teaching practice
Literacy and Reading in the South Pacific: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Rainey Melvyn D.
Published: March 2022

This article presents the problem and successes that educators in the South Pacific face in the struggle to develop programs that encourage children to become readers. The studies carried out in the early 1980s were the basis on which the Oceania Literacy Development Program was organized. The Institute of Education at the University of the South Pacific has been supported in its work by Overseas Reading Associations and UNESCO.
"There's More than Tomato Day to Come": Shared Reading and the Teacher-Librarian
Authors: Simpson Anne
Published: March 2022

Many young people are turned away from reading novels for pleasure by their experiences of studying the class novel at school. Critical factors include lack of choice and inappropriate texts. Shared small-group reading of the novel that readers have some say in choosing overcomes some of the problems students cite. The teacher-librarian has a major contribution to make in such a program through supporting the teacher in establishing a routine, identifying suitable texts, and participating in group discussions. Reading groups as described in this article can operate as primary and secondary levels, and students'responses have been uniformly positive.
A Book in the Hand is Worth Two on a Disk
Authors: Hayden Ruth
Published: March 2022

This article presents the argument that the school librarians need to make critical judgements with respect to the inclusion of technology in their elementary school libraries. Two concerns in particular are addressed: how technology may change the reading culture of young children and how business technological interests should be cautiously interpreted when children's reading development is considered.
Editorial
Authors: Altmann Anna
Published: March 2022

There is a great deal of evidence for the importance of reading for academic success, and many people have written persuasively about the richness books bring to readers' lives.
Implementing Information Technology in Malaysian Schools: Issues and Problems
Authors: Gan Siowck-Lee
Published: March 2022

In the last decade, Malaysia has experienced a period of rapid economic growth accompanied by parallel developments in the information technology industries. In line with the national aspiration of transforming itself into a developed country by the year 2020, much effort in education has been focused on making the nation IT-literate, beginning with the schoolchildren. Since 1986, numerous IT pilot projects have been initiated in Malaysian schools. This article describes these various projects and discusses the related issues and problems, as well as their implications for successful IT implementation in the near future.
Surviving Information Overload: Lessons From the Reading Reluctance Research
Authors: Royce John
Published: March 2022

The amount of information available has greatly increased in recent years. Research into reading reluctance, which shows that many would-be readers are overwhelmed by the sheer size of a library, is useful as a springboard for strategies for dealing with information overload, a problem when the information seeker is overwhelmed by the amount of information available. Suggestions are made as to how less able information users can be helped to develop skills and techniques that might enable them to survive and thrive in the information age.
Of Special Interest - Library Services to Youth in Some Latin American Countries
Authors: Figueras Consuelo
Published: March 2022

The school librarianship movement began in Latin America during the 1960s, as great efforts were made by governments to improve human resources through education. However, only Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela have developed a school library system at the national level. In the other countries, school libraries are still being developed mainly by local efforts. Public libraries are the main institutions offering library services to children in most Latin American countries.
School Libraries in St. Lucia: A State-of-the-Art Report
Authors: Forde Janet Lynch
Published: March 2022

This article provides some background on factors that have affected the development of school libraries in the West Indian Island. The brief history of that development process is followed by a description of the situation as it stands today. Recent initiate tips of the local professional association to work with government officials seem to hold promise for the future.
School Libraries in Hong Kong: An Update Report
Authors: Hung Ming Michael
Published: March 2022

With the changes in the Hong Kong education environment, school libraries have changed a little in physical condition, but there have been gradual changes in the professional development of library staff And the service that school libraries provide. Although Hong Kong has been late in developing its information technology education, the school libraries are ready to be on the road leading to the information highway.
School Libraries in Iceland: An Update Report
Authors: Hannesdottir Sigrun Klara
Published: March 2022

Educational development in Iceland during the past 10 years has been marked by day advent of information technology. All schools are now linked to the Internet through the Icelandic Educational Network, Ismennt. Primary school libraries have been relatively slow to adopt technology, and the school library has frequently been left out of the automation of the schools. Secondary school libraries are more advanced, most of them have now automated their library collections, and secondary school libraries have their own listserv and cooperation committee to lead to development.
Primary School Libraries in Fiji: A Research Report
Authors: Rainey Melvyn D
Published: March 2022

A survey of primary school libraries in Fiji found that unsuitable facilities, lack of library training, and inadequate collections make it difficult for staff to provide adequate library services. The situation is worse in rural schools than in urban ones, and most respondents expressed the need for more material support and training.
Editorial: Learning from Our Past
Authors: Oberg Dianne
Published: March 2022

This issue of School Libraries Worldwide was conceived as a challenge to what the Editors see as the ahistorical stance of our field. Unfortunately, the responses to our challenge did not cause us to change our view. There were only few articles submitted for this issue that were, indeed, papers exploring the history of school librarianship. Many other articles submitted for the theme were, instead, descriptions of the development of school libraries in a particular country. Such descriptions were and are valuable documents, but they did not address the theme of Learning From Our Past. The School Library Worldwide reviewers and editors were looking for papers that addressed the history of school libraries or of an aspect of school library practice in such a way that the readers of the paper could "learn from the past." Papers for this issue needed to have a strong analytical framework or organizing theme as well as a rich description of events.
The History and Development of School Libraries in Sierra Leone
Authors: Kargbo John Abdul
Published: March 2022

The school library is perceived as an import ant aspect of Sierra Leone's educational system, but unfortunately the general school library situation is Sierra Leone is far from satisfactory. Many school libraries exhibit serious shortcomings, or are virtually nonexistent. There is no single aspect of Sierra Leone's national educational policy in more urgent need of development that the school library. Since the 1960s when Sierra Leone gained independence, efforts have been made to include the school library in the country's national policy on education and to take its provision and development in schools seriously.
Kati McClurg, Peace Corps Volunteer and MLIS student, Ruacana, Namibia: A Day in Her Life
Authors: McClurg Kati
Published: March 2022

Good morning! My name is Kati McClurg. I am a United States Peace Corps Volunteer at the Ruacana Teachers' Resource Centre (TRC) in Ruacana, Namibia. Before coming to Namibia, I was a Head Start Teacher for six years in Portage, Wisconsin.
Jennifer Branch, Teacher-Librarian, Inuvik, Canada: A Day in Her Life
Authors: Jennifer Branch
Published: March 2022

Jennifer Branch was a teacher and teacher librarian at the Samuel Hearne Secondary School in Inuvik, Nortwestern Territories, Canada between 1991-1998.
Anne Clyde, IASL Webmaster: A Day in Her Life
Authors: Anne Clyde
Published: March 2022

L. Anne Clyde MA, DipEd, PhD FLA, ALAA, MACE, is currently a professor in the Library and Information Science Department at the University of Iceland in Reykjavik.
Dania Ansenberg: School Librarian, Jerusalem, Israel: A Day in Her Life
Authors: Dania Ansenberg
Published: March 2022

Dania Ansenberg is the librarian at the Givaat Gonnen, a school located in a poor suburb of Jerusalem.
Mapping the Lived Experience
Authors: Altmann Anna
Published: March 2022

In the call for papers for this issue of School Libraries Worldwide, we asked contributors to send us accounts of a typical day in their lives. Our goal was to present a map of the world of scholl librarianship, not in data but in narratives.
Bibliotherapy in School Libraries: An Israeli Experiment
Authors: Baruchson-Arbib Shifra
Published: March 2022

The concept of bibliotherapy has been known since ancient times. Despite the concept's direct connection to books and libraries and despite its potential as a means of support and aid, it has not attained a clear status in library science. The therapeutic nature of bibliotherapy does not allow its full application in libraries, but the author suggests focusing on the developmental aspect of bibliotherapy and defining it with a new term: supportive knowledge.
The National Readathon of Namibia, 1988-2001
Authors: Totemeyer Andree-Jeanne
Published: March 2022

Readathon in Namibia is a week-long reading and book festival held annually in schools, culminating in the National Readathon Day on the Friday. The aim is primarily to develop a love of reading among learners in an effort to nurture a book culture in the country, and secondarily to help schools raise funds to develop their school libraries. From small beginnings in 1988, Readathon has now developed into a national movement in which all primary and junior secondary schools participate. The article describes the development of Readathon over a 14-year period, the organization of Readathon by the Namibian Children's Book Forum, and the Readathon celebrations of September 2001.
Teaming Parents with Technology
Authors: Farmer Leslie
Published: March 2022

As schools incorporate technology into the curriculum, as well as use technology for productivity and other administrative tasks, issues of parent involvement in the lives of students become even more complex and problematic. Farmer discusses the need for parents to become involved in the learning process of students, as well as ways that librarians can team parents with technology to improve student learning.
A Door Half Open: Young People's Access to Fiction Related to Homosexuality
Authors: Clyde Laurel , Lobban Majorie
Published: March 2022

How, and how well, do libraries meet the needs of lesbian, gay, and bisexual young people? This article considers the fiction resources of school and public libraries, specifically fiction written for young people that has themes related to homosexuality and/or contains gay and lesbian characters. Our work in compiling the annotated bibliography Out of the Closet and Into the Classroom (1996) is described, highlighting the mechanisms used to identify and locate relevant novels and picture books. Comment is made on the role gay and lesbian characters play in the novels, the sex of the characters, and how gays and lesbians are represented in the books. Finally, the article considers how young people may gain access to these novels and picture books.
An International Study on Principal Influence and Information Services in Schools: Synergy in Theme and Methods
Authors: Henri James , Hay Lyn , Oberg Dianne
Published: March 2022

Support of the principal is a key factor in the implementation of effective programs in schools, An international study of the principal's role in developing and supporting school library programs was conducted in Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Japan, Scotland, and South Korea. The purpose of the study was to provide information, for principals and teacher-librarians in countries throughout the world that might inform their efforts to develop information-literate school communities. Principals and teacher-librarians completed three survey instruments: (a) participant demographics; (b) the participants' perceptions and beliefs about the principals' current and future roles; and (c) the participants' views on such concerns as the strengths and challenges of the school library, the contributions of teacher-librarians to teaching and learning, the nature of information literacy, and barriers to integration of information skills. The overall findings of the research project included the following: (a) principals and teacher-librarians differed in age and gender; (b) beliefs of principals and teacher-librarians about the role of the principal were well aligned except where librarians were not also qualified teachers; (c) principals and teacherlibrarians differed most on their current and future perceptions of the role of the principal in advocating and facilitating the development of an information-literate school community; and (d) principals and teacher-librarians agreed that principals should spend more time informing new teaching staff about the importance of collaboration with the teacher-librarian.
An Evaluation of the Use of the PLUS Model to Develop Pupils' Information Skills in a Secondary School
Authors: Herring Jamaes , Tarter Ann-Marie , Naylor Simon
Published: March 2022

Various models of information skills have been developed and applied in schools in North America, Australia, and the United Kingdom in recent years, but there have been few attempts to evaluate the application of the models. This article reports a study of the evaluation of the use of the PLUS model in a secondary school in England. The PLUS model (Herring, 1996; Herring, 1999) categorizes information skills into four interrelated steps: Purpose, Location, Use, and Self-Evaluation. In this study, the PLUS model was used by 112 Year 7 pupils (11-12-year-olds) studying physics. Each pupil completed a questionnaire relating to aspects of information skills and the use of the PLUS model. The views of the school librarian and the physics teacher were gained via semistructured interviews. The main findings of the study were: pupils benefited from using a structured approach to project work; pupils saw the model as a useful tool particularly in helping them to plan, organize, and reflect on their own work; and pupils of this age were able to reflect on both the content and processes of learning.
The Multiple Dimensions of Principal Involvement
Authors: Hartzell Gary
Published: March 2022

We know from a substantial and still-growing body of research that the principal plays a key role in the development and maintenance of quality school library media programs. One of the more interesting features of this role is its multidimensionality. Principal support truly is a complex concept.
Virtual Libraries Supporting Student Learning
Authors: Gunn Holly
Published: March 2022

School libraries can exist in two spaces, a physical space or a virtual space. The author argues that students need a virtual library as well as a physical library because of the different learning opportunities that can be supported by virtual libraries. If a virtual library is carefully planned and designed, it can provide a rich learning environment. Although some authors may distinguish between various terms used to describe virtual libraries: digital libraries, electronic libraries, e-libraries, and the broader term virtual library, in this article, the term virtual library is used to describe any managed collection of information sources in an electronic format. Therefore, virtual libraries could include digital collections of pictures, maps, Web sites, or library records.
Library Partnerships in the Netherlands
Authors: Das Lourense H
Published: March 2022

Major changes in philosophy and organization of the Dutch educational system, coupled with the emergence of information technology, have strongly influenced the development of school libraries in the Netherlands. Public libraries and school libraries often work together to develop services and materials for schools, leading more recently to the establishment of joint services and facilities. This article provides an overview of developments in the last decade. Although experience demonstrates that there are advantages and disadvantages in the formation of school and public library partnerships, the specific role and requirements of school libraries needs to remain as the key focus in these partnerships.
In Defense of Harry Potter: An Apologia
Authors: Knapp Nancy
Published: March 2022

J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter books are arguably the most popular series ever in children's fiction, but also one of the most controversial. Repeated challenges have led some schools and libraries to remove or ban the books, with even more choosing to avoid problems by simply recommending or using other books. This article presents evidence that Rowling's books should be kept, used, and recommended in libraries and schools because they exemplify three essential qualities of great children's literature: they are intensely engaging; they have significant literary worth; and they raise questions of deep significance to children's social and ethical development.
A Note from the Editor
Authors: Oberg Dianne
Published: March 2022

Thank you to Theme Editor Julie Tallman for her excellent work on the Theme Section "Reading in the Age of Harry Potter." As I write this note, I am pleased to report that the theme sections for the next two issues, prepared by Theme Editor Ross Todd on "Adolescents' Information seeking and Use" and by Theme Editor Denise Agosto on "Gender and Digital Technologies," are progressing well.
DETEKSI PENYAKIT TILV (Tilapia Lake Virus) PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DENGAN METODE RT-PCR DI BALAI KIPM MEDAN I
Authors: Saragih Mulana , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: March 2022

Akhir-akhir ini di beberapa daerah terjadi kasus kematian pada budidaya ikan nila secara massal yang kemungkinan infeksi penyakit TiLV. Diagnosa TILV yang menyerang ikan nila dapat dilakukan secara dini menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) secara konvensional sehingga dapat diambil tindakan pencegahan khususnya pada benur ikan nila yang akan ditebar. Metode pemeriksaan tersebut mampu mendeteksi virus melalui keberadaan RNA virus. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui efektivitas metode RT-PCR dalam mendeteksi penyakit pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di BKIPM Medan I. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen bersifat kualitatif dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biomolekuler di Balai Karantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan (BKIPM Medan I). Sampel ikan nila berasal dari tambak ikan nila di Kecamatan Porsea dan Laguboti, Toba Samosir, Sumatera Utara yang terdiri atas masing-masing 15 ekor ikan nila berumur 30 hari atau ikan nila yang sudah mengalami gejala klinis, kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi RNA sampel nila. Analisis deteksi RT-PCR menggunakan sampel organ otak, ginjal, limpa dan hati, selanjutnya dilakukan sekuensing. Data hasil amplifikasi dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif yaitu metode pembahasan yang memaparkan atau menggambarkan kegiatan yang dilakukan serta membandingkan dengan literatur. Hasil penelitian menggunakan metode RT-PCR terhadap sampel ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dari kecamatan Porsea menunjukkan positif terinfeksi TILV dengan hasil elektroforesis pita RNA TiLV muncul pada 250 bp dan persentase infestasi sebesar 66,67%. Sedangkan ikan yang berasal dari kecamatan Laguboti tidak ada indikasi terserang penyakit TILV dengan persentase infestasi nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang terserang penyakit Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) sebesar 0%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa RT-PCR efektif mendeteksi penyakit TILV pada ikan nila.