bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ultrasonic Water Treatment on the Change in the Microstructure of Wheat Grain, Dough, and Wheat Flour Bread
Authors: Naumenko Natalia , Potoroko Irina , Kalinina Irina , Naumenko Ekaterina , Ivanisova Eva
Published: January 2022

Visualization of the microstructure of the food matrix of both raw materials and the final product is one of the keys to understanding the processes occurring during its formation. It is the fixation of the results at the microlevel that allows us to form a hypothesis and then confirm it with the obtained array of experimental data. The presented study is aimed at studying the effect of ultrasonic water treatment on the change in the microstructure of wheat grain during its humidification. The article also presents the results of studying the microstructure of dough and wheat flour bread obtained using water after ultrasonic water treatment and the intensity of the processes of staling of finished bread in storage. The object of the study was grain of soft spring white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), varieties of Lubava, harvest 2014-2018, Russia (the protein content was

12.5
±
0.3
 
g
/
100
 
g

in terms of humidity); dough and bread made from wheat flour (ash content 0.55%, mass fraction of gluten 28.5%), produced using the technology of plain bread, a classic recipe without improvers. Ultrasound-treated water with an exposure frequency of

22
±
1.65

 kHz and with a power variation of 252-630 W/l was used in test technology. The experimental data obtained made it possible to establish the intensification of the processes of swelling of wheat grain during soaking. In the experimental samples, after 8 hours of soaking, the loosened structure of the endosperm and evenly swollen components of the grain were observed, and the loop of the groove was closed. Activation of the processes of dough science was established, and gluten flour in the dough formed a single monolithic frame, in which the swollen starch grains are tightly packed. The interstitial walls of the crumb of the prototypes consisted of a solid mass of protein coagulated during baking, inside of which swollen gelatinized starch grains are interspersed, they are closely adjacent to the mass of coagulated protein with their entire surface, and therefore, there is no sharp, clearly visible boundary between them. The most pronounced changes in the structure of the dough and bread crumb were noted when using water, after ultrasonic water treatment at a power of 504 and 630 W/l. This method of exposure can be recommended as the best for obtaining good quality bread with less pronounced staling during storage.
Na‐TiNT Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Agressott Enzo V. H. , Oliveira Mauro M. , Freitas Thiago S. , Pereira Raimundo L. S. , Silva Ana R. P. , Cruz Rafael P. , Santos Antonia T. L. , Teixeira Alexandre M. R. , Oliveira Tainara G. , da Silva João H. , Paschoal Alexandre R. , Viana Bartolomeu C. , Freire Paulo de Tarso C. , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Wilairatana Polrat , Coutinho Henrique D. M.
Published: January 2022

Titanium nanotubes have attractive morphological and physicochemical properties for several applications, such as high surface area, mesoporous structure, good stability, ion exchange capacity, and antibacterial property. Therefore, the field of nanotube applications is increasingly expanding, such as in solar cells sensitized by dye, photocatalysis, and antibacterial activity, among others. Therefore, a study of the antibacterial properties of sodium titanate nanotubes (Na‐TiNTs) was carried out together with physicochemical characterizations, such as Raman spectroscopy which shows a peak characteristic of Na‐O‐Ti from nanotube‐agglomerated regions. The XRD diffractogram confirmed the Raman spectra and evidenced the crystalline structure associated to Na‐TiNT, which showed the characteristic peaks of the sodium trititanate crystal. SEM and TEM images showed the morphology of hollow nanotubes and forming semispherical particles. EDS shows the percentage values of each of the compounds in the Na‐TiNT. The bacterial activity of the Na‐TiNT was analyzed in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Na‐TiNT modified the activity of the gentamicin and norfloxacin antibiotics against multiresistant strains. Synergistic effects against Gram‐positive S. aureus 10 and Gram‐negative P. aeruginosa 15 bacteria were observed when the Na‐TiNT was associated with gentamicin, reducing the concentration of this antibiotic that is required to inhibit bacterial growth. Another synergic effect was observed for S. aureus 10 with norfloxacin.
The Influence of the Syrup Type on Rheology, Color Differences, Water Activity, and Nutritional and Sensory Aspects of High-Protein Bars for Sportsmen
Authors: Małecki Jan , Tomasevic Igor , Sołowiej Bartosz G.
Published: January 2022

Most often, high-protein bars consist of a protein preparation in the form of a loose powder, stuck together with a syrup mixture, ensuring a stable mass. According to the legal regulations in force, at least 20% of the energy value must come from protein for the product to be called high-protein. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different syrup sources (oligofructose, maltitol, tapioca fiber, and chickpea-maize fiber) on rheology, water activity, color, and nutritional and sensorial properties of high-protein bars. Texture has changed depending on the type of syrup used. A significant increase of the hardness parameter referring to the control sample was noted for bars containing chickpea-maize liquid fiber in chocolate (311.65 N), with low adhesiveness simultaneously (54.71 N). Samples without chocolate made with the use of oligofructose syrup had apparently higher dynamic viscosities than other bars (226.67 mPas · g/cm3). The water activity of all tested bars indicated the high stability of samples over time (<0.80), except for samples without chocolate made of PM syrup. The color of the tested bars was from light cream to Earth yellow. Bars obtained with tapioca liquid fiber had the lowest nutritional value. Results presented in this study suggest that selecting the correct type of syrup may significantly influence the functional properties of high-protein bars.
Essential Oils from Artemisia herba alba Asso., Maticaria Recutita L., and Dittrichia Viscosa L. (Asteraceae): A Promising Source of Eco-Friendly Agents to Control Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. Warehouse Pest
Authors: Aimad Allali , Bourhia Mohammed , Hana Hadin , Sanae Rezouki , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Soufan Walid , Rihan Hail Z. , Ouahmane Lahcen , Youness El Abdali , Noureddine Eloutassi , Mohamed Fadli
Published: January 2022

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (C. maculatus) is one of the major pests of legume seeds in storage causing significant damage, leading to food insecurity and low income for farmers. This work was planned to develop eco-friendly agents from essential oils of Artemisia herba alba Asso. (AEO), Maticaria Recutita L. (MEO), and Dittrichia Viscosa L. (DEO) to control C. maculatus. To achieve this goal, essential oils (EOs) were extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus before being characterized by GC-MS. EOs were used for testing purposes using three different tests, namely, inhalation toxicity, contact toxicity, and repellency tests. GC-MS analysis of EOs showed the presence of 16 potentially active compounds in AEO and 38 in MEO, whilst 15 compounds were identified in DEO. AEO was higher in thujone (57.6%) and chrysanthenone (11.8%). Santolina alcohol (40.7%) and germacrene D (8.9%) were the major compounds identified in MEO, whereas isocostic acid (72.3%) was the chief compound of DEO. The obtained findings showed that the studied EOs showed considerable insecticidal activity against C. maculatus with a lethal dose (LC50) of 3.78, 8.86, and 14.34 μL/1 liter of air by AEO, MEO, and DEO, respectively. At 1 μL/1 liter of air, the oviposition reduction rate was 90.02%, 70.65%, and 48.23% by AEO, MEO, and DEO, respectively, whereas the emergence reduction rate was 87.32%, 60.08%, and 32.24% by AEO, MEO, and DEO, respectively. With increasing doses up to 20 μL/L, the reduction of individual emergence reached 98.8% by AEO of 24 h after treatment. AEO, MEO, and DEO showed significant repellent effects against adults of C. maculatus with repulsion percentages of 60.83%, 50.83%, and 72.5%, respectively. The outcome of this work suggests that the essential oils of the studied plants, particularly Artemisia herba alba Asso. oils, can constitute a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to develop new bioinsecticides for the control of C. maculatus.
Smart Spider Monkey Optimization (SSMO) for Energy‐Based Cluster‐Head Selection Adapted for Biomedical Engineering Applications
Authors: Ajay P. , Nagaraj B. , Jaya J.
Published: January 2022

Using energy efficiency to increase the life and sustainability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for biomedical applications is still a challenge. Clustering has boosted energy productivity by allowing cluster heads to be categorized, but its implementation is still a challenge. Existing cluster head selection criteria start with determining acceptable cluster head locations. The cluster heads are picked from the nodes that are most closely connected with these places. This location‐based paradigm incorporates challenges such as faster processing, less precise selection, and redundant node selection. The development of the sampling‐based smart spider monkey optimization (SSMO) approach is addressed in this paper. If the sample population’s nodes are varied, network nodes are picked from among them. The problems with distributed nodes and cluster heads are no longer a concern. This article shows how to use an SSMO and smart CH selection to increase the lifetime and stability of WSNs. The goal of this study is to look at how cluster heads are chosen using standard SMO and sampling‐based SMO for biomed applications. Low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy centralized (LEACH‐C), particle swarm optimization clustering protocol (PSO‐C), and SSMO improved routing protocol measurements are compared to those obtained in homogeneous and heterogeneous settings using equivalent methodologies. In these implementations, SSMO boosts network longevity and stability periods by an estimated 12.22%, 6.92%, 32.652%, and 1.22%.
Analysis of Heat Release Processes inside Storage Facilities Containing Irradiated Nuclear Graphite
Authors: Pavliuk Alexander O. , Bespala Evgeniy V. , Kotlyarevskiy Sergey G. , Novoselov Ivan Yu. , Kotov Veleriy N.
Published: January 2022

The article is dedicated to the safety assessment of mixed storage of irradiated graphite and other types of radioactive waste accumulated during the operation of uranium-graphite reactors. The analysis of heat release processes inside storages containing irradiated nuclear graphite, representing a potential hazard due to the possible heating and, accordingly, the release of long-lived radionuclides during oxidation was carried out. The following factors were considered as the main factors that can lead to an increase in the temperature inside the storage facility: corrosion of metallic radioactive waste, the presence of fuel fragments, and also the random exposure of irradiated graphite to local sources of thermal energy (spark, etc.). It was noted in the work that the combined or separate influence of some factors can lead to an increase in the temperature of the onset of the initiation of Wigner energy release in graphite radwaste (Tin ≈ 90–100°C for the “Worst-case” graphite). The model of heat generation in the storage was developed based on the analysis of the features of graphite radioactive waste storage and Wigner energy release. The layered location of different types of waste (graphite and aluminum) and the local character of the distribution of heat sources were adopted in this model. The greatest heating is achieved if graphite radioactive waste is located near the concrete walls of the storage facility, as well as in direct contact with irradiated aluminum radioactive waste, which was shown in this paper.
An Android Malicious Application Detection Method with Decision Mechanism in the Operating Environment of Blockchain
Authors: Li Xingyu , Zhao Zongqu , Tang Yongli , Zhang Jing , Wu Chengyi , Li Ying
Published: January 2022

Recently, security policies and behaviour detection methods have been proposed to improve the security of blockchain by many researchers. However, these methods cannot discover the source of typical behaviours, such as the malicious applications in the blockchain environment. Android application is an important part of the blockchain operating environment, and machine learning-based Android malware application detection method is significant for blockchain user security. The way of constructing features in these methods determines the performance. The single-feature mechanism, training classifiers with one type of features, cannot detect the malicious applications effectively which exhibit the typical behaviours in various forms. The multifeatures fusion mechanism, constructing mixed features from multiple types of data sources, can cover more kinds of information. However, different types of data sources will interfere with each other in the mixed features constructed by this mechanism. That limits the performance of the model. In order to improve the detection performance of Android malicious applications in complex scenarios, we propose an Android malicious application detection method which includes parallel feature processing and decision mechanism. Our method uses RGB image visualization technology to construct three types of RGB image which are utilized to train different classifiers, respectively, and a decision mechanism is designed to fuse the outputs of subclassifiers through weight analysis. This approach simultaneously extracts different types of features, which preserve application information comprehensively. Different classifiers are trained by these features to guarantee independence of each feature and classifier. On this basis, a comprehensive analysis of many methods is performed on the Android malware dataset, and the results show that our method has better efficiency and adaptability than others.
Imperative Role of Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power Technologies towards Renewable Energy Generation
Authors: Sharma Vinod Kumar , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita , Buddhi Dharam , Braccio Simone , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Khan Baseem
Published: January 2022

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2030 agenda illustrates the requirement of expanding infrastructure and advancing technology for delivering modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries. Moreover, UNDP also set a goal of increasing the renewable energy share in the global energy. Renewable energy resources are eco-friendly and widely available resources from nature for generating energy. Geothermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, and biomass energy are renewable energy sources. Solar energy is one of the renewable energy generation approaches that harvests energy widely from sun radiation. Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) are the primary technologies to capture solar energy. This study presents the significance of utilizing solar energy for electricity generation globally using PV and CSP technologies. Furthermore, the distinct energy capturing and storing mechanisms of PV and CSP technologies are presented in detail. This article presents the significance and implementation of thermal energy storage for storing energy obtained through CSP technology. Finally, the study presents a considerable gap between PV and CSP in terms of development with future trends.
Chemometric Analysis and Physicochemical Composition of Foreign and Tunisian Olive Oil: Consumer Preferences
Authors: Ben-Hassine Kaouther , Yangui Islem , Mnif Wissem , Taamalli Ameni , Benincasa Cinzia , Kamoun Naziha , Malouche Dhafer
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted to evaluate consumer preferences of seven extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from foreign and Tunisian cultivars. Two studies were carried out. The first is a comparative physicochemical characterization of the VOOs tasted by the consumers. The second is a consumer survey where each consumer tasted each VOO six times. Using simple linear regressions, we have performed a new method that gives a pairwise comparison between the oils. It revealed that Coratina and Chetoui cultivars were the most preferred revealing by the high concentration of polyphenols with 468 and 525 ppm, respectively, and Arbequina was the less preferred with 182 ppm. We have then performed a principal component analysis on the data composed by the physicochemical parameters that highly discriminate between cultivars. The latter showed important differences between the most and the less preferred oils and that oxidative stability, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids, triacylglycerol, β-carotene, and polyphenols seem to be the principal-choice drivers for consumers.
Learning State Assessment in Online Education Based on Multiple Facial Features Detection
Authors: Li Deguang , Cui Zhanyou , Cao Fukang , Cui Gaoxiang , Shen Jiaquan , Zhang Yongxin
Published: January 2022

Considering that most of online training is not effectively supervised, this article presents an online leaning state assessment approach which combines blink detection, yawn detection, and head pose estimation. Blink detection is realized by computing the eye aspect ratio and the ratio of closed eye frames to the total frames per unit time to evaluate the degree of eye fatigue. Yawn detection is implemented by computing the aspect ratio of the mouth by using the feature points of the inner lip and combining it with the time of opening mouth to distinguish the mouth state. Head pose estimation is first implemented by calculating the head rotation matrix by matching the feature points of 2D face with the 3D face model and then calculating the Euler angle of the head according to the rotation matrix to evaluate the change of the head pose. Especially in yawn detection, we employ the feature points of inner lips in the calculation of the mouth aspect ratio to avoid the impact of lip thickness of various participants. Furthermore, the blink detection, yawn detection, and head pose estimation are first calculated based on the two-dimensional grayscale image of human face, which could reduce the computational complexity and improve the real-time performance of detection. Finally, combining the values of blinking, yawning, and head pose, multiple groups of experiments are carried out to assess the state of different online learners; then, the learning state is evaluated by analyzing the numerical changes of the three characteristics. Experimental results show that our approach could effectively evaluate the state of online learning and provide support for the development of online education.
TCM Treatment and Drug Co-Occurrence Analysis of Psoriasis
Authors: Lin Li , Yang Suqing , Bai Qingsong , An Yuepeng
Published: January 2022

Psoriasis is a long-term immune-mediated disease. Patients with a long history and slow progress are more common, and its treatment is difficult. This study proposes to use traditional Chinese medicine to treat psoriasis. Through the follow-up of all participants for 12 and 24 weeks, a large number of comparative experiments effectively verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in this study. The research results of this study can provide some reference ideas for follow-up research.
Selection and Exploration of Cultural and Creative Tourist Attractions Based on BP Network
Authors: Xing Nian
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the selection and exploration effect of cultural and creative tourist attractions, this paper applies BP network to the selection and search of cultural and creative tourist attractions. Moreover, this paper improves the algorithm to promote the interrelation of cultural and creative industries and tourism industries to promote each other to form a complex and changeable dynamic system and proposes a personalized recommendation model for tourist attractions based on domain adaptation. Domain adaptation can effectively reduce the distribution difference between different data. In addition, this paper combines experimental research to verify the system model of this paper. The research results show that the cultural and creative tourist attractions selection search system based on the BP network proposed in this paper has a good selection effect of tourist attractions and has an important role in promoting the development of cultural and creative tourism.
Design and Experimental Study on Divergent Magnetic Fluid Seal with Large Clearance and Dual Magnetic Sources
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Song Yunyun , Sun Peng , Li You
Published: January 2022

In order to solve the leakage problem of rotating machinery under the condition of large clearance, a new type of divergent magnetic fluid sealing device with secondary magnetic source was designed. The magnetic field distribution in the clearance of the magnetic fluid seal was simulated by the finite element method of magnetic field, and the theoretical value of the sealing pressure resistance was calculated according to the pressure resistance theory of the divergent magnetic fluid seal. The influences of the volume of magnetic fluid injection, the number of teeth, the clearance, and the eccentricity of the rotating shaft on the pressure resistance abilities of divergent magnetic fluid seal were studied by experimental method and compared with the pressure resistance experimental value of ordinary magnetic fluid seal. The results showed that when the injection volume of magnetic fluid is more than 3 ml, the sealing pressure resistance ability of the magnetic fluid does increase greatly and tends to be stable gradually. The saturated magnetic fluid injection volume of divergent magnetic fluid seal with large clearance is 3 ml. With the increase of radial teeth, the pressure resistance ability of magnetic fluid seal first increases and then decreases. With the increase of axial teeth, the pressure resistance ability of magnetic fluid seal also increases. With the increase of radial clearance, the pressure resistance value of magnetic fluid seal first increases and then decreases. With the increase of axial clearance, the pressure resistance value of magnetic fluid seal decreases. The pressure resistance ability of divergent magnetic fluid seal is significantly higher than that of ordinary magnetic fluid seal.
A New Measure of Quantum Starlike Functions Connected with Julia Functions
Authors: Hadid Samir B. , Ibrahim Rabha W. , Momani Shaher
Published: January 2022

In a complex domain, the investigation of the quantum differential subordinations for starlike functions is newly considered by few research studies. In this note, we arrange a set of necessary conditions utilizing the concept of the quantum differential subordinations for starlike functions related to the set of parametric Julia functions. Our method is based on the usage of quantum Jack lemma, where this lemma is generalized recently by the quantum derivative (Jackson calculus). We illustrate a starlike formula dominated by different types of Julia functions. The sufficient conditions are computed in the quantum and the Julia fractional parameters. We indicate a relationship between these two parameters.
Laparoscopic Banded One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: A Single-Center Series
Authors: Campanelli Michela , Bianciardi Emanuela , Benavoli Domenico , Bagaglini Giulia , Lisi Giorgio , Gentileschi Paolo
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass (LOAGB) is a relatively new procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity and related comorbidities. On average, this procedure results in good postoperative weight loss with a low complication rate. Recent publications suggest that dumping syndrome and weight regain might be reduced by placing a silicone ring over the gastric pouch during the procedure, so called laparoscopic banded one anastomosis gastric bypass (LBOAGB). Methods. 86 patients undergoing LBOAGB between 2018 and 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Hospital records were used to assess weight loss, comorbidity resolution, and any complications either in the short or medium term. Results. 54 Female and 32 male patients were included with a mean age of 43 years (25–64), preoperative body mass index of 42 kg/m2 (35–49), and preoperative weight of 114 kg (86–162). Thirty-four patients presented with type 2 diabetes (39.5%), 42 patients (49%) diagnosed with hypertension, 24 presented with OSAS (28%), and 21 (24%) hypercholesterolaemia patients were included. In total, 36 patients were diagnosed with multiple comorbidities. The operative data showed an average operative time of 48 minutes with 3.4% of patients suffering from early (minor) complications and 2.3% with a late (minor) complication. One patient required reoperation due to intra-abdominal bleeding. The median length of hospital stay was 2.5 days. Median follow-up was 18 months (5–36). In that period, no patient required ring removal or conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Food intolerance/vomiting was present in 1 patient (1.1%), bile reflux was present in 1 patient (1.1%), and no stomal ulcers were observed. Mean % excess weight loss at 12 and 24 months was 72% and 80%, respectively. Fifty-two out of 86 patients (60%) had a complete resolution of comorbidities. A CONUT score >2 (mild malnutrition) was found in 40% of patients, while a CONUT score 0-1 was found in 60% of patients. Conclusion. LBOAGB shows promising results in terms of safety and efficacy in the short term. Further prospective studies will be required to evaluate the consistency of the results in the long term.
Study on Seepage Characteristics of Radial Flow in Rock Mass Based on Radius Effect
Authors: Liu Kaichen , Chai Junrui , Zhang Yao , Tian Ying , Li Ruiqing
Published: January 2022

The radial fluid flow in fractures is affected by the size of the inner diameter and the position of the outer diameter, but the influence of the two factors on the flow velocity remains unclear. This study reveals the relationship through the coupled shear flow experiments and numerical simulations. Experimental results show that the fracture aperture is decreased by 0.175 mm under the unit effective stress, with the increase of 0.902 MPa in the shear stress. COMSOL is used to simulate the seepage of fractures under different inner and outer diameters. Simulation results show that the transition from nonlinear to linear flow occurs in the radial direction when the hydraulic pressure is 0.2 and 0.4 MPa, and the positions of linear flow are 42 mm and 71 mm. The effect of the fracture surface results in a stratified flow velocity when the fluid flow enters the fracture aperture. Increasing the inner diameter raises the flow rate but decreases the maximum flow velocity. The maximum velocity difference can be as much as three times when the inner diameter difference is 6 mm. The seepage width of radial flow has a nonlinear relationship with the inner and outer diameters. The growth rate of the seepage width decreases as the ratio of the outer to the inner diameter increases. The modified cubic law considering the radius effect is proposed to improve the calculation accuracy of radial flow.
Accelerated Iterative Learning Control for Linear Discrete Time Invariant Switched Systems
Authors: Wang Yongping , Riaz Saleem , Bao Ziyun , Zhang Wenqian
Published: January 2022

For a class of linear discrete time invariant stochastic switched systems with repetitive operation characteristics, a novel P-type accelerated iterative learning control algorithm with association correction is proposed. Firstly, the concrete form of accelerated learning law is given, and the generation of correction in the algorithm is explained in detail; secondly, on the premise that the switching sequence does not change along the iteration axis but only along the time axis, the convergence of the algorithm is strictly mathematically proved by using the super vector method, and the sufficient conditions for the convergence of the algorithm are given; finally, the theoretical results show that the convergence speed mainly depends on the controlled object, the proportional gain of the control law, the switching sequence, the correction coefficient, the association factor, and the size of the learning interval. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence speed than the traditional open-loop P-type algorithm under the same conditions.
Antidiarrheal and Antisecretory Effect of 80% Hydromethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa stenopetala Baker f. in Mice
Authors: Woldeyohannes Menbere Getaneh , Eshete Gelila Tamyalew , Abiye Alfoalem Araba , Hailu Abebe Ejigu , Huluka Solomon Assefa , Tadesse Wondmagegn Tamiru
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In Ethiopia, different medicinal plants have been claimed and used to treat diarrheal diseases. However, these claimed effects for most medicinal plants have not been scientifically verified. One of such plants in Ethiopian folkloric medicine is Moringa stenopetala, which is usually consumed as a vegetable in southern Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal and antisecretory effects of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala in different mice models. Method. Using Swiss albino mice, castor oil-induced diarrhea, charcoal meal-based gastrointestinal motility, and castor oil-induced secretion models were employed to assess antidiarrheal activity. In all of the test models, animals were randomly assigned into five groups consisting of six animals in each group. Group I received 0.5 ml of the vehicle (2% tween-80), while group II was treated with standard drug (3 mg/kg loperamide) in the respective models, whereas groups III to V received 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extracts of Moringa stenopetala. Onset, frequency, consistency, and weight of stool (diarrhea) were recorded, and different parameters and percentage proportions were calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test, and

p

 < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence of interval. Result. In the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the percentage inhibition of diarrhea was 48.5, 58.6, and 60% for the respective doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of the extract. And, the extract showed a 36.8, 54.4, and 55.9% reduction of peristalsis in charcoal meal-based gastrointestinal motility test compared to the negative control group. Moreover, in the antisecretory assay, the 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg doses of MEMS inhibited fluid contents of the stool by 11.5, 54.54, and 61.82%, respectively, relative to the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion. The findings revealed that the 80% methanolic leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala extract has shown antidiarrheal activity.
Integrating Nanomaterial and High‐Performance Fuzzy‐Based Machine Learning Approach for Green Energy Conversion
Authors: Sujith A. V. L. N. , Swathi R. , Venkatasubramanian R. , Venu Nookala , Hemalatha S. , George Tony , Hemlathadhevi A. , Madhu P. , Karthick Alagar , Muhibbullah M. , Osman Sameh M.
Published: January 2022

Biomass is a renewable and sustainable green energy material. It is made up of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose with considerable amount of water, extractives, and inorganic chemical compounds. The use of biomass materials and other biogenic wastes for energy recovery represents an eco‐friendly way. Biomass material selection is one of the most significant aspects for any energy conversion process, and it is a common outsourcing problem that includes material preparation, reactor performance, economic assessment, and calorific value of the products. Fuzzy systems can be quite useful in high‐performance computing during the selection of biomass materials. In each engineering process, material selection is a crucial step since each material is having its own set of characteristics. This study presents the application of type‐1 fuzzy set for the selection of suitable biomass material for yielding maximum bio‐oil. This study focuses on seven locally available materials such as rice straw (M‐1), sunflower shell (M‐2), hardwood (M‐3), wheat straw (M‐4), sugarcane bagasse (M‐5), corn cop (M‐6), and palm shell (M‐7). The study evaluated seven important properties of the materials such as lignin (P‐1), cellulose (P‐2), hemicellulose (P‐3), volatile matter (P‐4), fixed carbon (P‐5), moisture content (P‐6), and ash content (P‐7). The findings demonstrated that sugarcane bagasse (M‐5) is the best option for maximum bio‐oil yield. Furthermore, the potential of nanoscale catalysts in improving the yield of bio‐oil through real‐time experiments was studied. The findings of this work add to our understanding of the application of fuzzy‐based systems for energy applications.
Kadec-Klee Property in Orlicz Function Spaces Equipped with S-Norms
Authors: Dong Jiaqi , Cui Yunan , Wisła Marek
Published: January 2022

Using some new techniques, the necessary and sufficient conditions for Kadec-Klee property of Orlicz function spaces equipped with s-norms are presented. An original method that was used in the process of inquiry and the obtained results also systematically complete and broaden the characterization of Kadec-Klee property of Orlicz spaces.
Semantic Interaction Strategy of Multiagent System in Large-Scale Intelligent Sensor Network Environment
Authors: Chen Xi , Yin Zhaoyang , Zhu Miaomiao
Published: January 2022

In a multiagent system, the semantic interaction between agents is an important aspect affecting multi-intelligence. The purpose of interaction is to reasonably arrange task objectives and behaviors through information sharing and communication interaction, so as to maximize the overall performance of multiagent system. This paper analyzes the communication and interaction process between agents from the perspective of semantic layer and introduces the BDI (belief, desire, intention) model of agent’s thinking state into the communication and interaction process. Furthermore, we propose a multiagent semantic interaction strategy model based on a large-scale intelligent sensor network, which supports various types of negotiation and interaction on the basis of basic interaction behavior to solve the problem of information operational conflicts. In addition, this paper limits the scale of historical information through the definition of equivalence and the merging theorem of history, and it uses reinforcement learning algorithm to detect possible conflicts and delay communication and makes rational use of limited resources to improve system revenue and coordination efficiency. The experimental results show that compared with the previous methods such as debate and negotiation, the strategy model can realize the flexible interaction based on scene and is more practical. At the same time, the existence of reinforcement learning improves the efficiency analysis and the convergence performance of semantic interaction strategy.
Utilizing Structural Network Positions to Diversify People Recommendations on Twitter
Authors: Olshannikova Ekaterina , Skenderi Erjon , Olsson Thomas , Koivunen Sami , Huhtamäki Jukka
Published: January 2022

Social recommender systems, such as “Who to follow” on Twitter, utilize approaches that recommend friends of a friend or interest-wise similar people. Such algorithmic approaches have been criticized for resulting in filter bubbles and echo chambers, calling for diversity-enhancing recommendation strategies. Consequently, this article proposes a social diversification strategy for recommending potentially relevant people based on three structural positions in egocentric networks: dormant ties, mentions of mentions, and community membership. In addition to describing our analytical approach, we report an experiment with 39 Twitter users who evaluated 72 recommendations from each proposed network structural position altogether. The users were able to identify relevant connections from all recommendation groups. Yet, perceived familiarity had a strong effect on perceptions of relevance and willingness to follow-up on the recommendations. The proposed strategy contributes to the design of a people recommender system, which exposes users to diverse recommendations and facilitates new social ties in online social networks. In addition, we advance user-centered evaluation methods by proposing measures for subjective perceptions of people recommendations.
Poldip2/Nox4 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wang Yueguo , Ding Zhenxing , Tu Youhui , Wu Xu , Zhang Wenying , Ji Shuang , Shen Jilong , Zhang Li , Wu Huimei , Fei Guanghe
Published: January 2022

NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and its expression is increased in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated lung epithelial cells. Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) has been proved to bind Nox4 and participates in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the role of Poldip2/Nox4 in LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in lung epithelial cells remains unclear. Cell viability was measured via MTT assays. The expression of Poldip2, Nox4, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), AKT, and p-AKT was detected by Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence. Poldip2 and Nox4 interaction was analyzed via coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. NADPH enzymatic activity and production of ROS, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed simultaneously. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid targeting Nox4 was used to downregulate or upregulate Nox4, and the lentiviral vector encoding Poldip2 was used to downregulate or upregulate Poldip2. The present study demonstrated that LPS stimulation significantly increased the protein levels of Poldip2 and Nox4 and proved that Poldip2 interacted with Nox4 proved by Co-IP. Importantly, Poldip2 acted as an upstream regulator of Nox4. The increased expression of Nox4 and COX-2; NADPH enzymatic activity; production of ROS, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β; and decreased HO-1 expression were significantly suppressed by lentiviral Poldip2 shRNA downregulation but were increased by lentiviral upregulation of Poldip2. Furthermore, inhibiting of PI3K-AKT signaling notably attenuated LPS-induced Poldip2/Nox4 activation. Our study demonstrated that Poldip2 mediates LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via interaction with Nox4 and was regulated by the PI3K-AKT signaling. Targeting Poldip2 could be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALI.
An Improved Grey Model with Time Power and Its Application
Authors: Jiang Jianming , Liu Caixia , Yao Yuanguo , Lu Yumu , Xie Wanli , Liu Chong
Published: January 2022

The grey system model with time power, which is often called the GM(1,1,tα), appeals considerable interest of research due to its effectiveness in time series forecasting. Aimed to improve further the GM(1,1,tα) model, this paper introduces a new whitening equation with variable coefficient into the original whitening equation which extends applicable scope; as a result, an improved grey model with time power, namely, OGM(1,1,tα), is proposed. Firstly, the time response function of the novel model and the restored values of original series are deduced through grey modelling techniques. Secondly, the variable coefficient in the whitening equation and the time power are determined by particle swarm optimization algorithm. Two empirical examples are then used to verify the validity of the novel model. Finally, the novel model is applied to predict the oil consumption of China from 2004 to 2018. Results show the novel model outperforms other commonly‐used competitive models, which can well serve a benchmark model for scholars and decision‐makers.
Meta-Analysis on the Application Value of Collaborative Nursing in Postcolostomy Nursing of Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Pingyu , Shan Rongfang , Wei Yinli , Ni Juan , Chen Haoyang , Yang Chengying , Yan Hongyan , Shen Biyu
Published: January 2022

Objective. To systematically evaluate the effect of collaborative nursing on self-care ability of postcolostomy patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched to collect relevant literatures on randomized controlled trials of postcolostomy patients with CRC. The search period was started from 2010 to 2021. Statistical analysis was performed on the data extracted from the comprehensive meta-analysis with STATA 16.0 analysis software. Results. As a result, it was found that the incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was higher than that in the treatment group. Seven studies included the preintervention self-care concept and preintervention self-care skills. Six studies included preintervention self-care responsibility and preintervention exercise of self-care agency (ESCA) scale. In the comparison among the concept of self-care after intervention, self-care skills, self-care responsibility, and ESCA scale, all of them had higher scores in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). It fully explains that collaborative nursing can significantly improve the evaluation indicators of patients’ self-care ability and reduce patient complications. Conclusion. The application of collaborative nursing in the nursing work of patients with CRC after colostomy can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse nursing reactions.
Research Progress and Prospects of Autophagy in the Mechanism of Multidrug Resistance in Tumors
Authors: Long Wenqing , Zhang Lijun , Wang Yuxing , Xie Haijuan , Wang Lin , Yu Hongnu
Published: January 2022

Although the treatment of cancer has made great strides in clinical practice, its high morbidity and fatality rates remain a major threat to human health. Multidrug resistance (MDR) often appears in the process of tumor treatment, leading to tumor refractory and aggravating the risk of tumor recurrence. Therefore, antitumor MDR plays a key role in tumor chemotherapy. Autophagy is an important process for the turnover of intracellular materials, which is commonly seen in the treatment of sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumors, and it can play different roles in various types of MDR tumor cells and tissues. Autophagy plays a dual regulatory role in MDR tumors. On the one hand, autophagy can promote the formation of MDR in tumor cells, weaken the killing effect of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells, and play a protective role in tumor survival. On the other hand, autophagy production in the cellular environment can kill MDR tumor cells, reverse tumor resistance and enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, the regulation of autophagy to overcome MDR has become increasingly significant in tumor chemotherapy. In this article, we discussed and summarized the research progress of autophagy in MDR tumors, mainly involving the different characteristics of autophagy in MDR cancer cells.
Operative and Survival Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Elderly and Very Elderly Patients: A Study in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea
Authors: Cuellar-Gomez Hugo , Rusli Siti Mayuha , Ocharan-Hernández María Esther , Lee Tae-Hoon , Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolò , Kim Seon-Hahn , Vargas-De-León Cruz
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Objectives. Most patients with colorectal cancer are elderly. Literature is scarce on elderly patients submitted to robotic-assisted surgery, despite the feasibility shown in other age groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative and survival outcomes of robotic-assisted colorectal cancer surgery in elderly patients. Materials and Methods. Data of all patients ≥75 years who underwent a robotic-assisted curative resection in Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, between January 2007 and January 2021 were extracted from a prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database. Patients were subdivided into the three groups according to the age: youngest-old (YO: 75–80 years), middle-old (MO: 81–85), and oldest-old (OO: ≥86 years). Intraoperative findings, postoperative, and oncological outcomes were compared between the groups. Results. Seventy-six consecutive patients (female 52.6%) were included; mean age was 80 years (SD 0.33); mean body mass index (BMI), 23.8 20.9 kg/m2 (SD 3.58); mean total operative time, 279 min (SD 80.93); mean blood loss, 186 ml (SD 204.03); mean postoperative length of stay, 14 days (SD 12.03). Major complications were seen in 2.1% of patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Average number of lymph node harvested was 20.9 (SD 12.33). Postoperative complications were not statistically different between the groups. Mean follow-up time for cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 99.28 months for the YO, 72.11 months for MO, and 31.25 months for OO groups (

p

 = 0.045). The CSS rates at 5 years were 27.0%, 21.0%, and 0%, respectively. Recurrence risk was 10.50 times higher in the OO group than the others (adjusted HR, 95% CI 1.868–59.047,

p

 = 0.008). In the multivariable analysis, TNM stage was not a risk factor for CSS in all groups. The number of the harvested nodes was a protective factor for recurrence (HR of 0.932, 95% CI 0.875–0.992,

p

 = 0.027) and CSS (HR of 0.928, 95% CI 0.861–0.999,

p

 = 0.047) in elderly patients. Conclusion. Robotic surgery is highly feasible in elderly and very elderly colorectal cancer patients, providing a favorable operative safety profile and an acceptable cancer-specific survival outcome.
Evaluation of the Crosswind Effect on the Horizontal Curve Safety on Rural Highways Using Vehicle Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Yazdipour Mohammad , Kordani Ali Abdi
Published: January 2022

Horizontal curves, as one of the most accident-prone parts of the road, have always attracted special attention. When a vehicle is moving on a road, the driver has to be constantly on the lookout for small deviations from the main route, possibly due to disturbances such as wind, road roughness, and unwanted entrances by the driver. These types of deviations have a corrosive effect on the driver and will eventually lead to the overturning and slipping of vehicles, so they should be minimized. AASHTO standard procedures, as the most valid road design bylaw, do not consider the effect of lateral wind, in which the effect of lateral wind in arcs has been investigated in this research. The work conducted in this research is to increase knowledge about the directional stability of vehicles that are affected by strong winds and to investigate the parameters of the study using accurate models of dynamic simulation of vehicles that are subject to winds. This study aimed to increase the understanding of vehicle sensitivity to wind due to strong lateral winds. For this purpose, the process of passing different types of vehicles through horizontal arcs in different longitudinal slopes with different velocities of the vehicle under lateral wind is simulated and the mechanical properties of vehicles under such conditions are calculated to compare with the results obtained from the passage of vehicles through a smooth horizontal arc (without longitudinal slope) and without lateral wind. Overturning angle, slip angle, lateral acceleration, and lateral coefficient of friction of vehicles in this study were calculated through software outputs, and the effect of lateral wind on the safety of arcs has been investigated.