bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Penyisihan Fosfat Pada Air Limbah Menggunakan Metode Kombinasi Elektrokoagulasi dan Fotokatalis Dengan Kaolin-TiO2
Authors: Setiawan Adhi , Mahfudz Lintang Indra Liuqil , Ramadani Tarikh Azis , Muthi’ah Siti , Nizam Muhammad Asrul , Dermawan Denny
Published: December 2022

Kandungan fosfat pada badan air salah satunya bersumber dari air limbah domestik dan industri. Fosfat yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Alternatif pengolahan fosfat pada air limbah salah satunya menggunakan kombinasi metode elektrokoagulasi dan fotokatalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu kontak dan besar tegangan pada metode elektrokoagulasi, pengaruh dosis katalis dan waktu penyinaran pada metode fotokatalis, dan karakteristik katalis komposit kaolin-TiO2. Penyisihan fosfat dilakukan secara batch menggunakan elektrokoagulasi yang dilanjutkan dengan proses fotokatalis. Metode elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektroda aluminium dengan variasi tegangan 10, 20, dan 30 V, serta waktu kontak 90 dan 120 menit. Metode fotokatalis menggunakan komposit kaolin-TiO2 dan sumber foton lampu UV-C, dengan variasi dosis kaolin-TiO2 yaitu 120, 180, dan 240 mg/L, serta waktu penyinaran 10, 20 dan 30 menit. Komposit kaolin-TiO2 dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi penyisihan fosfat pada elektrokoagulasi maksimal diperoleh pada kondisi tegangan 30 V dan waktu kontak 120 menit dengan nilai sebesar 87,31%. Nilai maksimum penyisihan parameter fosfat fotokatalis terjadi pada dosis katalis 240 mg/L dengan waktu reaksi 30 menit dengan nilai sebesar 63,33%.  One of the phosphate contents in water bodies is sourced from household and industrial wastewater. Excessive phosphates can cause eutrophication. One alternative of phosphate treatment in wastewater is the combination of electrocoagulation and photocatalytic methods. This study aims to determine the influence of contact time and voltage magnitude on the electrocoagulation method, the effect of catalyst dosing and irradiation time on the photocatalyst method, and the characteristics of kaolin-TiO2 composite catalysts. The electrocoagulation method uses aluminum electrodes with voltage variations of 10, 20, and 30 V, as well as contact times variations of 90 and 120 minutes. The photocatalyst method uses kaolin-TiO2 composite and UV-C lamp photon sources, with dose of kaolin-TiO2 variations of 120, 180, and 240 mg/L, as well as irradiation times variations of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The kaolin-TiO2 composite is characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The results showed that the maximum efficiency of phosphate removal in electrocoagulation was obtained at a voltage of 30 V and a contact time of 120 minutes with a value of 87.31%. The maximum value of photocatalyst phosphate removal occurred at a catalyst dose of 240 mg/L with a reaction time of 30 minutes with a value of 63.33%.
“And Yet It Moves”: National Entrepreneurial Culture and Entrepreneurship-Friendly Policies: Evidence From OECD Countries
Authors: Poček Jasna , Fassio Claudio , Kraus Sascha
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the impact of public policies aimed to foster entrepreneurship on the national entrepreneurial culture of a country. While most of the existing studies focus on the direct impact of policies on entrepreneurship outcomes, we propose that the impact of policies on entrepreneurial culture may be even more important for the development of economies in the long term. Using data for 36 OECD countries in the period 2002–2014, we investigate econometrically the impact of policies on culture usually associated with entrepreneurship and find that such impact is stronger for policies that address a broader target of potential beneficiaries, rather than a narrow one. Moreover, we find that, among the values that are usually associated with entrepreneurial activity, entrepreneurship-friendly policies foster those that are related to creativity, innovation and risk taking, but not those that relate to individualism and the belief that success is achieved through one’s own personal efforts. Lastly, we find that the positive impact of policies on culture only applies to the countries with a higher initial level of entrepreneurial culture, and not to the countries with lower initial levels.
The crystal structure of methyl 2-((4-chloro-2-fluoro-6-((2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) thio)phenoxy)methyl)benzoate, C17H13ClF4O3S
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Zhang Lixin , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2022

C17H13ClF4O3S, monoclinic,P21/n(no. 14),a = 17.0097(10) Å,b = 4.4625(3) Å,c = 22.9520(19) Å,β = 102.933(7)°,V = 11698.0(2) Å3,Z = 4,Rgt(F) = 0.0606,wRref(F2) = 0.1605, T = 120 K.
The Role of the Nonprofit Sector within the Climate Change Discourse: The View Through Russian News Media
Authors: Cooley Asya
Published: December 2022

This study attempts to understand the role of the nonprofit sector within the climate change discourse in Russian news media. It explores the news media coverage of climate change and nonprofit sector through the quantitative review of Russian news articles published within the five-year period of 2016–2021. We find that the nonprofit sector generally gains positive media coverage, and the climate change is presented as mostly a national and political issue, while the scientific discussions are very rare. Government and nongovernment news media sources diverge in their coverage on the topic. The state-owned media views the climate change as a national issue relying predominantly on Russian official sources, and praising assistance that the Russian government provides to the nonprofit sector. On the other hand, the nongovernment media highlights the political aspects of the climate change, includes government critique, and often draw on business and foreign sources.
DGS-Based Modules: Difficulty Aspects of Studying Geometry at University Level
Authors: Istikomah Endang , Juandi Dadang
Published: December 2022

This study aims to ensure that geometry is the most difficult subject to understand, aspects of the difficulty of learning geometry for students, and suggestions for reducing difficulties. This study uses an exploratory mixed methods design. Students of mathematics education teacher candidates in semesters 3-7 as research subjects were selected by purposive sampling. The data collected in this study used a questionnaire technique, interviews, and the value of learning outcomes for the last 4 years. The results showed that geometry is the most difficult subject, the external learning difficulties factor is dominated by the aspects of the material and learning methods. In addition, references, media, and online learning are also discussed factors. Meanwhile, students' learning difficulties internally from the aspect of motivation and intelligence. One solution suggested to educators is to take advantage of the collaboration of DGS with the Geometry module in learning in dealing with learning difficulties.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  memastikan bahwa geometri merupakan matakuliah yang paling sulit dipahami, aspek kesulitan belajar geometri pada mahasiswa dan saran untuk mengurangi kesulitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Eksploratory mixed methods design. Mahasiswa calon guru pendidikan matematika semester 3-7 sebagai subjek penelitian dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik angket, wawancara dan nilai hasil belajar selama 4 tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa geometri merupakan matakuliah paling sulit, faktor kesulitan belajar secara eksternal didominasi dari aspek materi dan metode pembelajaran. Selain itu, referensi atau bahan ajar, media dan pembelajaran secara daring juga menjadi factor yang dibahas. Sedangkan kesulitan belajar mahasiswa secara internal dari aspek motivasi dan intelegensi atau kemampuan keruangan. Salah satu solusi yang disarankan kepada pendidik adalah memanfaatkan DGS yang dikolaborasikan dengan Modul Geometri dalam pembelajaran untuk menangani masalah kesulitan belajar.
The relationship between external debt and growth under the structural breaks in Turkey
Authors: TAŞ Taner , EKMEKÇİLER Çetin Can
Published: December 2022

This study aims to investigate whether Turkey's external debt (by considering the debt maturity and ownership separately) has a relationship with economic growth and to explain the direction and size of these effects in case of their existence. At the same time, the relationship between consumption and investment, which are sub-items of growth, and external debt are also discussed. The data subject to the analysis in the study consists of gross domestic product and external debt data provided by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Electronic Data Distribution System and covering the 1998Q1 and 2021Q4 periods. In this study, econometric methods, including both conventional and structural breaks, were used. According to the results, both short-term and long-term external debt significantly and positively affect gross domestic product, consumption and investment. In addition to this situation, it is seen that the effect of long-term external debts is more. However, it is also concluded that the effect of long-term external debt is greater. When evaluated separately on a sectoral basis, it is concluded that the significant and positive relationship between public sector external debt and economic growth and its sub-items is valid both in the short and long term. When the effect of external debt on investments is analyzed, it is seen that the effect of long-term external debt is more than short-term debt. The most important point to note here is that short-term private sector debt, which does not affect gross domestic product and consumption, has a significant effect on investment and is about three times the public sector short-term debt.
Bilinçli farkındalık ve iş performansı arasındaki ilişkide öz-düzenlemenin aracı rolü
Authors: AKDENİZ BALYEMEZLER Hülya , SARAÇ Mehlika
Published: December 2022

Son yıllarda “bilinçli farkındalık” konusunda yapılan bilimsel yayınlara ilginin gittikçe arttığı görülmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar, bilinçli farkındalığın, bireylerin fiziksel ve psikolojik sağlıkları üzerinde pek çok pozitif etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak bilinçli farkındalığın iş bağlamı ve çalışanlar üzerindeki etkilerine duyulan merak göreceli olarak yenidir. Bilinçli farkındalığın çalışanların iş tutumları üzerindeki etkilerini ve bu etkinin yordayıcılarını açıklayan çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı iş bağlamında bilinçli farkındalığı ve sonuçlarını açıklayabilmek adına, mevcut literatüre dayanarak, bilinçli farkındalığın iş performansı üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkide öz-düzenlemenin aracı rolünü araştırmaktır. Pozitivist bir yaklaşım ve nicel verilerin analizini içeren araştırmada veriler online anket yöntemi ile toplanmış ve analiz aşamasında yapısal eşitlik modellemesinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ana kütlesini sektör ayrımı yapılmaksızın Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren kurumsal örgütlerde çalışan yönetici, beyaz yaka ve mavi yaka bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Kullanılan online anket formu 1 Mart 2021 ile 1 Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmıştır. Bu tarihler arasında toplam 390 anket sağlanmış olup, yapılan ön analizler sonrasında n=380 son örneklem büyüklüğü elde edilmiştir. Belirli bir sektörü hedef alarak gerçekleştirilmeyen bu araştırmada %19,7 oranla otomotiv sektörü en fazla katılım gösterilen sektör konumundadır ve otomotiv sektörünü eğitim, hızlı tüketim ve tekstil sektörleri takip etmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında yürütülen analizler sonucu bilinçli farkındalığın iş performansı üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmış ve bu ilişkide öz-düzenlemenin aracı rolü doğrulanmıştır. Çalışanların bilinçli farkındalık düzeyleri arttıkça buna paralel olarak iş performans düzeyleri de artmaktadır ve bu artışta öz-düzenleme aracı bir rol oynamaktadır.
Proaktif kişilik ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Banka çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: ÇEBİ Sena , UNCUOĞLU YOLCU İlknur
Published: December 2022

Örgütler var olma amaçları doğrultusunda içerisinde farklı yaş gruplarından, kültürlerden ve en önemlisi farklı kişilik özelliklerine sahip bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çalışanların proaktif kişiliklerinin, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışına olan etkisinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bir kamu bankasında çeşitli pozisyonlarda görev yapmakta olan banka çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri anket yoluyla toplanmış olup örneklem büyüklüğü 183 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın modelinde proaktif kişilik bağımsız değişken, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve boyutları bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınmıştır.  Araştırmada geliştirilen modelin ve bu modele dayanan hipotezlerin test edilmesi için basit doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.  Verilerin analizi sonucunda proaktif kişiliğin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışanların proaktif kişiliğinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı boyutlarından “özgecilik-nezaket, sivil erdem ve vicdanlılık” davranışlarını anlamlı ve pozitif olarak etkilediği görülmektedir.
The exciton spectrum of the cylindrical quantum dot - quantum ring semiconductor nanostructure in an electric field
Authors: Hnidko I.S. , Gutsul V.I. , Koziarskyi I.P. , Makhanets O.M.
Published: December 2022

In the model of effective masses and rectangular potentials for an electron and a hole, the influence of a uniform electric field on the energy spectrum and wave functions of the exciton and the oscillator strengths of interband quantum transitions in the semiconductor (GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs) quantum dot-quantum ring nanostructure is theoretically investigated. The stationary Schrödinger equations for noninteracting quasiparticles in the presence of an electric field cannot be solved analytically. For their approximate solution, the unknown wave functions are sought in the form of an expansion over the complete set of cylindrically symmetric wave functions, and the electron energy is found by solving the corresponding secular equation. The exciton binding energy is found using perturbation theory.

The dependences of the energy spectra, the wave functions of an electron, hole, and exciton, and the intensity of interband optical quantum transitions on the magnitude of the electric field strength are analyzed.
Thermoresistive properties of (Copper, Neodymium) Acetylacetonate
Authors: Osadchuk A.V. , Martyniuk V.V. , Evseeva M.V. , Avramchuk O.Y.
Published: December 2022

A new material tetrakis-µ3- (methoxo)(methanol)-pentakis(acetylacetonate)(tricuprum (II), neodymium (III)) methanol (I) was synthesized as [Cu3Nd(AA)5(OCH3)4CH3OH] ∙ CH3OH,  where HAA = H3C–C(O)–CH2–C(O)–CH3. Based on the data of elemental analysis and physical-chemical research methods, it was found that the obtained coordination complex (I) contains atoms of Copper (II) and Neodymium (III) in the ratio Cu:Nd = 3:1, and its composition corresponds to the gross formula: Cu3NdО16C31Н55. The measurement of electrical conductivity of the obtained material was performed in the compressed form. For the coordination complex (I), the number of valence electrons in one molecule was calculated to be 270; the mass of one molecule was calculated to be 163,65·10-20 кг; the total number of molecules in the volume of a cylindrical sample weighing 0.125 g and having volume of 17,74∙10-9 m3 was calculated to be 7,638·1013 молек.; and the total number of valence electrons as 20,6232·1015. In the temperature range of 303 – 423 K, the specific resistance of the compressed sample decreases from 2∙1012 to 5∙104 Ohm∙cm, which confirms that the isolated compound is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1,6125 еВ. The electrical conductivity properties of the coordination complex as a thermosensitive element were studied; for this purpose we used an experimental sample of compressed material with geometric dimensions of 1·10-3 m×0,5·10-3 m×0,5·10-3 m.
Influence of the melt composition on the cathode current density in electrode reactions
Authors: Solіanyk L.О.
Published: December 2022

Within the framework of the Dogonadze-Kuznetsov-Levich theory, using the model of isotropic spherically symmetric bands with a root dependence on the energy of density of states, an expression for discharge currents at the dielectric/electrolyte interfacial boundary was obtained. An approach to estimate average density of electronic levels from which heterogeneous charge transfer takes place is proposed. An expression for obtaining a numerical value of cathode current density was established. Conditions of surface conductivity occurrence of a dielectric in a saline melt without its prior metallization are formulated. It is substantiated that the type of surface conductivity depends on reorganization energy, energy of reactants and reaction products in electrode field, transmission coefficient and other values which are determined by chemical composition of electrolyte, and can be calculated by analytical or quantum chemical methods. It was established that the adsorption of carbon dioxide on the surface of dielectric leads to a significant polarization of surface towards conduction band. The width of the band gap decreases, but the dielectric character of the cluster does not change, there is no band overlapping, i.e. an electrode does not acquire semiconducting and semimetallic character of conductivity. At the same time, adsorption of ВO2– on electrode surface leads to a strong polarization of the surface cluster towards the valence band, whlist a the band gap width decreases slightly, less than in the case of carbon dioxide.
ALZHEİMER HASTALARININ FİİL EHLİYETİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KIZILAY GÜNEYLİOĞLU Aygül
Published: December 2022

Bir mental rahatsızlık olan alzheimer hastalığı, ileri yaşta bireyler arasında sıkça görülmektedir. Ayırt etme gücünü önemli oranda etkileyen bu rahatsızlığın doğuracağı sonuçları hukuken inceleme zorunluluğu doğmuştur. Ayırt etme gücünün varlığı noktasında tereddütler bulunan bu kişilerin, gerek sağlararası hukuki işlemler yaparken gerek ölüme bağlı hukuki işlemler yaparken izlenmesi ve işlemlerinin sıhhatinin aranması hukuk güvenliğini sağlayacaktır. Bununla birlikte bu kimselerin vesayet altına alınması toplum ve hasta bakımından elzem olabilir. Son olarak, alzheimer hastalarının hukuka aykırı eylemlerinden ne ölçüde sorumlu olacakları çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu bakımdan “Hastalığın evreleri açısından bir derecelendirmeye gidilebilir mi?”, sorusu yanıtlanmaya çalışılacaktır.
DOLANDIRICILIK SUÇUNDA HİLE VE HİLENİN ZAMANI; CHEATING AND THE TIME OF CHEATING IN THE CRIME OF FRAUD
Authors: AKBULUT Berrin
Published: December 2022

ÖZET

Dolandırıcılık suçu ülke mevzuatlarına geç girmiş bir suç türüdür. Türk hukukunda hem 765 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanununda (TCK) ve hem de 5237 sayılı Kanunda düzenlendiğini görmekteyiz. Dolandırıcılık suçunun oluşması için aranan unsurlardan biri de hiledir. Hilenin nasıl gerçekleştirileceği TCK’da tanımlanmamıştır. Doktrin ve uygulama tarafından belirlenmektedir.

Hilenin gerçekleştirildiği zaman dolandırıcılık suçunun oluşması açısından önemlidir. Dolandırıcılık suçu, yararın sağlanmasıyla tamamlandığından yararın sağlanmasına kadar gerçekleştirilen hile suçun oluşmasını sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: dolandırıcılık, hile, yarar sağlamak, hilenin zamanı.

CHEATING AND THE TIME OF CHEATING IN THE CRIME OF FRAUD

ABSTRACT

The crime of fraud is a type of crime that has been included in the country's legislation late. In Turkish law, we see that it is regulated both in the Turkish Penal Code (TCK) No. 765 and in Law No. 5237. One of the elements sought for the occurrence of fraud is cheating. How the cheating will be carried out is not defined in the TCK. It is determined by doctrine and practice.

The time the cheating is performed is important in terms of the occurrence of the fraud crime. Since the crime of fraud is completed with the provision of the benefit, the cheating carried out until the benefit is provided creates the crime.

Keywords: fraud, cheating, benefit, time of cheating.
A dictionary of locutons from liturgical books by protopriest A. I. Nevostruev (отходный — ощущу)
Authors: Davydenkova Maria , Demidova Sofia , Kaluzhnina Nadezhda , Strievskaya Maria , Strievskaya Olga
Published: December 2022

The “Dictionary of Locutions from Liturgical Books” by Protopriest A. Nevostruev, completed in the middle of the 19th century and never published, can be regarded both as a significant achievement of Church Slavonic studies and as a valuable lexicographic source. The manuscript is kept in the Russian State Library. The decrepit state of the manuscript has determined the necessity of its urgent study and edition. The significance of this project is primarily due to the fact that the text of the dictionary is being made accessible to linguists for the first time. The orthography and grammar of the dictionary reflect the linguistic views of the time of its creation and can be of interest for those who study the history of Russian linguistics. This paper contains the last part of dictionary entries beginning in letter O. The characteristic features of the publication of this Dictionary, the lists of sources, abbreviations and symbols were described in detail in the previous issues of St. Tikhon’s University Review. All previously published parts of the Dictionary together with the critical apparatus can be found at the website of St. Tikhon’s University for the Humanities.
Stalin and the dialect of the Kursk-Orel region: notes on the history of a linguistic enigma
Authors: Kulikov Leonid
Published: December 2022

This paper briefly outlines the historical and cultural context of the linguistic discussion about Marxism in linguistics that took place in the Soviet Union in 1950; the materials of the discussion were published in the main Soviet newspaper “Pravda”. I describe the reaction of the academic community to this (undoubtedly incorrect) statement that the Kursk-Orel dialect formed the basis of the Russian national language. The reaction mostly amounted to ritual quotations of this Stalin’s claim (without detailed argumentation) in studies on Russian language and dialectology published by Soviet Slavicists in the 1950s. I discuss proposed explanations for the emergence of the “Kursk-Oryol dialect” theory, in particular, Yu. M. Lotman's hypothesis about the influence of Maxim Gorky's statements on the origin of classical Russian literature in Kursk-Orel steppes as well as several more speculative assumptions.I demonstrate the unsatisfactory character of the proposed explanations and put forward a new hypothesis, which draws attention to the possible influence of F. Engels’ work "The Franconian Dialect".
CONTINUITY AND INCOMMENSURABILITY OF HUMANISTIC CONCEPTS
Authors: Pirozhkova Sophia
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the problem of the transformation of the humanistic worldview as one of the key factors determining the nature of strategic decisions taken in various fields of practice. The author builds on the dual understanding of humanism – as a special worldview that emerged in the Renaissance, on the one hand, and as an umbrella term that brings together various systems of views, which for one reason or another assign a special – central – role and value to a person, on the other. The second understanding makes it possible to consider humanism in diachronic terms as a worldview evolving from one form to another, but from a diachronic perspective it opens up a picture of systems of views and concepts that are in opposition to each other. This thesis is elaborated through the example of the analysis of two discussions about humanism, one of which unfolded within the framework of the philosophy of existence, and the second is still ongoing around the project of human improvement. It is shown that in both cases the main conflict is in the opposition of the predetermined essence/nature of a human and their freedom. It is proved that, despite the justified criticism of the concepts of closed humanism, i.e. those that postulate the existence of a special nature, special qualities, and thus a special human mission, even postulating the fact of the absolute freedom as a starting point does not save certain philosophical interpretations of humanism from the prospect of becoming a totalitarian anthropological project. It is also proved that in the context of the development of biotechnology and artificial intelligence, both the rejection of an attempt to fix the essence of a human and recognizing that a human can be anyone is fraught with loss of identity of both individuals and socio-cultural communities. It is concluded that it is necessary to search for a different strategy of humanistic discourse (as a dispute of different humanistic concepts), preventing its transformation into a struggle of different wills to power, which is especially vividly manifested in the discussions between transhumanists and their opponents.
THE PHENOMENON OF BOREDOM IN EDUCATION
Authors: VOLKOVA SVETLANA
Published: December 2022

Martin Heidegger’s philosophy is a central concern of the article. Having the ideas expressed in M. Heidegger’s fundamental ontology in 1920s as the starting point, the author seeks to examine an intricate connection between a phenomenological description of different forms of boredom and its manifestations in educational practices. As the outcome of the study it is proposed that the analytic of Dasein, especially its ideas about selfhood, boredom and care, applied to educational practices make the last ones authentic in nature.
MEANS AND METHODS OF BUILDING EMOTION IN ONLINE FLASH FICTION
Authors: SHPINARSKAYA ELENA
Published: December 2022

Online fiction is often known as an experimental platform for searching new literary forms and unconventional ways of making an emotional impact on readers. Contests hosted by many online platforms uncover high-profile texts. The article deals with a story in the genre of nanofantasy (up to 5,000 symbols) “The Final Cup of Wine” written by D. Laputina and published on M. Moshkov’s Samizdat platform as part of the 2021 contest conducted by the Chemistry and Life journal for several years in a row. The story stood out both for its bright and sensible images and for the emotional response of the readers. The article examines the means and methods of building emotion in the story from the ethical and esthetic points of view.
Flash fiction implies the highest concentration of sensibility in the text as a mechanism for grasping the world sensually. A number of esthetic categories used in the text deserve special attention. At the same time, moral issues are closely woven into the narrative fabric, presenting a complex set of problems related to artificial intelligence, respect for human life, murder, ethics, and so on.
The ultimate inability to verify an online author’s identity acts as an additional emotional component of the overall esthetic impact on the reader.
Moreover, the competitive environment presupposes the possibility of interpersonal communication between the author and the reader when comments on the text become an integral part of the text itself. These comments can take various forms and serve as an object of a separate study. This article, however, considers comments as a means of intensifying emotional impact actively used by online authors through the example of a particular story and its anonymous author.
Piezoengine for nanomedicine and applied bionics
Authors: Sergey Mikhailovich Afonin
Published: December 2022

The mathematical models of a piezoengine are determined for nanomedicine and applied bionics. The structural scheme of a piezoengine is constructed. The matrix equation is obtained for a piezoengine.
Path of modern natural sciences: from discovery of realities to study of their attributes
Authors: Gabovich A. , Kuznetsov V.
Published: December 2022

We analyze the development of the natural sciences according to the scheme: “… reality – attributes – reality – attributes”. Any material reality is interpreted as a carrier of attributes manifested in a certain range of its experimental study and at a certain theoretical level of data understanding. More sophisticated experiments and refined theories lead to a more detailed and correct vision of realities and their attributes. The latter initiates new experiments and creation of new theories. These cognitive processes lead to the discovery of new material realities with their additional or refined attributes compared to those previously known. The objectivity and relative truth of scientific statements about the realities under study and their attributes are based on a qualitative or quantitative correspondence between theoretically calculated values of attributes and their experimentally measured values. We emphasize that the isolation and adequate historical and philosophical analysis of those cycles requires professional knowledge of the analyzed complex scientific material and cannot be implemented within the framework of oversimplified ideas about science and the role, which theories play in it. Examples of such ideas are the understanding of theories solely in terms of their refutation and confirmation or even the replacement of theories with fuzzy sociological concepts such as a paradigm and sociocultural determination of the scientific results. Those views often become the source of idealistic, irrational, and postmodernist interpretations of science and its history.
Музичні вподобання дворянства Лівобережної України як об’єкт історичного дослідження
Authors: Литвинова Т. Ф. , Бікбаєва Є. О.
Published: December 2022

Мета статті полягає у виявленні специфіки музично-театральної культури дворянства України першої половини ХІХ ст. Актуальність теми визначена її міждисциплінарним і сюжетним виміром та орієнтацією на такі важливі для сучасної української історіографії напрями, як історія повсякдення, «нова» історія дозвілля, музична географія, що дає змогу розширити уявлення про розвиток української культури в «довгому» XIX ст., через аналіз символічних практик виявити вплив мистецтва на формування колективної та індивідуальної модерної української ідентичності, визначити місце соціальної еліти в культурному процесі. Історичні студії під таким кутом зору можуть сприяти розширенню уявлень про культурний ландшафт України. Додатковим аргументом на користь актуальності теми є також звернення уваги саме на дворянство, музичні вподобання якого практично не привернули спеціальної уваги науковців. Методологічною основою стали принципи науковості та історизму, які орієнтують досліджувати епоху та людину певної доби з урахуванням особливостей тогочасної культури, загальнонаукові методи (аналіз та синтез) та методи історичної науки (хронологічний, історико-генетичний, історико-порівняльний, історіографічний, джерелознавчий), а також підходи таких напрямів, як історія повсякдення, історія дозвілля, музична географія, що дають змогу зрозуміти способи, якими люди освоювали світ, звернути увагу на провінцію, локальні людські спільноти, виявити специфіки нової поведінки, нових практик дозвілля, особливо на переламі культурних епох. Основні результати полягають у представленні особливостей музичних смаків дворянства першої половини ХІХ ст. На основі аналізу джерельного комплексу показано місце музики в повсякденні дворянства, а також спростовано поширений стереотип про його відхід від національної культури і, відповідно, про «зросійщення» української соціальної еліти.
Війна в лікарській рецепції: А. Г. Подрєз і його хірургічні замітки
Authors: Альков В. А. , Робак І. Ю.
Published: December 2022

Ювілейна стаття до 170‑тої річниці від дня народження видатного хірурга, науковця та педагога, професора Імператорського Харківського університету Аполлінарія Григоровича Подрєза присвячена маловідомому в академічних колах історичному джерелу – його нотаткам про медичну практику протягом сербсько-турецької війни 1876 року. Саме там молодий лікар набирається першого серйозного хірургічного досвіду й отримує поштовх до професійного розвитку. Висвітлення в літературі не відповідає інформативній цінності унікального історичного джерела, тому автори ставлять за мету систематизувати та проаналізувати матеріали, зібрані медиком, оцінити їх інформативну цінність, а також удоступнити для ширшого кола дослідників. Задля досягнення цієї мети аналіз історичного джерела проводився відповідно до традиційного поділу критики на зовнішню та внутрішню. Автори статті дійшли висновку про високу інформативну цінність військово-хірургічних нотаток, що містять унікальні військово-медичні, історичні відомості та змальовують тогочасне екстремальне повсякдення, для фахівців із традиційної історії медицини, соціальної історії медицини, історії охорони здоров’я, військової історії, історії Сербії і Балкан, а також високу ступінь їхньої об’єктивності, навіть незважаючи на особове походження джерела і безпосередню залученість А. Г. Подрєза до подій і ситуацій, про які йдеться в роботі.
Академік Олексій Борисяк – подвижник науки. До 150‑річчя від дня народження
Authors: Онопрієнко В. І.
Published: December 2022

Розглянуто погляди відомих вчених у галузі палеонтології та їх порівняння з концепцією цього напряму науки О. О. Борисяка та його подвижницьку діяльність. Акцентовано вузлові дати його життя і діяльності. Обговорено нові аргументи щодо концепції палеозоології, яку розробляв О. О. Борисяк. Олексій Олексійович Борисяк (1872, Ромни, Полтавська губернія – 1944, Москва) – вчений-палеонтолог та геолог, академік АН СРСР (1929), лауреат Сталінської премії II ступеня (1943). Засновник та перший директор Палеозоологічного (з 1936 р. Палеонтологічного) інституту АН СРСР. Народився в родині межового інженера, який часто переїжджав у межах імперії. 1883 р. вступив у класичну прогімназію м. Брест-Литовська. 1892 р. закінчив самарську гімназію із золотою медаллю. 1896 р. закінчив Гірничий інститут у Санкт-Петербурзі. 1897–1898 рр. прослухав курс зоології у професора В. Т. Шевякова та пройшов великий біологічний практикум у М. М. Римського-Корсакова. Фактично це була друга вища освіта біологічного фаху. 1896–1932 рр. працював у Геологічному комітеті, де очолював палеонтологічний відділ. 1897–1899 рр. від Геологічного комітету здійснив геологічну зйомку північно-західної околиці Донецького кряжу. 1900 р. разом із К. К. Фохтом проводив дослідження Криму для укладання Кримського аркуша Міжнародної геологічної карти Європи. 1911– 1930 рр. професор та завідувач кафедри історичної геології Гірничого інституту, багато займався палеонтологічною колекцією у музеї інституту. 1930 р. з ініціативи О. О. Борисяка було створено Палеозоологічний інститут АН СРСР (з 1936 р. Палеонтологічний), директором якого вчений залишався до кінця життя. 1939 р. заснував кафедру палеонтології у Московському університеті. Керівник вітчизняної школи палеонтології хребетних. Основні праці присвячені вченню про фації, питанням загальної палеонтології, вивчення юрських молюсків, палеонтології хребетних. Розглядав історію Землі як єдиний закономірний процес розвитку фізико-географічних умов та органічного життя. Головний редактор журналів «Природа» (1931–1935) та «Доповіді Академії наук» (1933–1936).
Діяльність В. Лігіна на посаді голови Одеського відділення Російського технічного товариства у 1880‑х роках
Authors: Добровольська В. А.
Published: December 2022

Розглянуто внесок видатного одеського громадського діяча, науковця Валеріана Миколайовича Лігіна в розвиток науки і техніки, формування фахової технічної освіти. Метою статті є дослідження ключових аспектів життєвого шляху Валеріана Лігіна, аналіз результатів його активної діяльності в громадському житті міста, насамперед як голови Одеського відділення Імператорського російського технічного товариства у 1880‑х рр. У статті розкрито походження Лігіна, формування кола його наукових інтересів. Хронологічно висвітлено процес здобуття ступеня магістра і доктора наук, а також науковий шлях від доцента до заслуженого професора кафедри механіки Новоросійського університету. Стаття розкриває здобутки В. Лігіна як голови Одеського відділення у 1880‑х рр.: зростання кількості членів товариства, збільшення кількості відділів, побудову власного приміщення для проведення засідань, започаткування власного друкованого журналу («Записки Одеського відділення Імператорського російського технічного товариства»), збільшення комунікацій із представниками науки і техніки з інших міст та ін. Освітня діяльність В. Лігіна – важливий аспект цієї розвідки (відкриття нових шкіл, створення Постійної комісії з технічної освіти). В. М. Лігін як голова Одеського відділення РТТ разом зі своїми однодумцями сприяв розвитку науки і техніки, формуванню професійної технічної освіти.
Історичні аспекти становлення і розвитку техніки мозаїки з часів Київської Русі до ХХI ст. в Україні
Authors: Храмова-Баранова О. Л.
Published: December 2022

У статті проаналізовано деякі аспекти становлення і розвитку техніки мозаїки з часів Київської Русі до ХХІ ст. в Україні у світовому контексті. У дослідженні розглянуті сторінки історії виникнення і становлення мозаїки та техніки створення мозаїки, її культурного значення як засобу графічної виразності та проаналізоване застосування цих технік із метою використання в мистецтві і дизайні. Мета дослідження полягає у визначенні і аналізі деяких аспектів становлення і розвитку техніки мозаїки з часів Київської Русі до ХХІ ст. в Україні через необхідність популяризації мозаїчного мистецтва. Мозаїка є одним із видів монументального мистецтва, що використовується для прикрашання декоративно-ужиткових виробів, архітектури, це зображення, яке виконане з однорідних або різних за матеріалом частин (смальта, кераміка, камінь тощо). Тому предметом дослідження означено техніку, технології, особливості мозаїчних творів із давнини до сьогодення в Україні у світовому контексті. Проаналізовано історіографію становлення і розвитку техніки мозаїки і встановлено, що над дослідженням розвитку техніки мозаїки працювали митці і науковці. Методологія дослідження базується на універсальних принципах – історичної та наукової об’єктивності, а також на широкому використанні порівняльних, системних методів. Вагомий внесок у дослідження питань розвитку мистецтва мозаїки в Україні і світі зробили такі науковці і фахівці, як Ю. Асєєв, Т. Вілкул, Д. Айналов, М. Бевз, Н. Піддубна та ін. За період в кілька тисячоліть існування мозаїка увійшла в наше повсякденне життя, особливо в період 1960–1980‑х років. Мозаїка може стати і складником сьогодення в контексті стріт-арту, частини соціальних проєктів, формуючи візуальну культуру, світогляд людини, особливо в період важких випробувань сьогодення. Мова мистецтва мозаїки має вагомий ресурс виразності, який використовувався монументалістами і дизайнерами в ХХ ст. Можна стверджувати, що техніка мозаїки зазнала значних змін до сьогодення порівняно з часом її становлення у візантійський. Монументалісти і дизайнери продовжують пошуки нових перспективних засобів і методів для збагачення техніки мозаїки, тому нині необхідно популяризувати мистецтво мозаїки. Важливо врахувати масштаб, місце розміщення, вплив кольору і виразність композиції мозаїки для створення необхідного образу в сьогоденні. Можна стверджувати, що мистецтво мозаїки, її технічні можливості і переваги в перспективі необхідно використати для розвитку національних традицій монументального мистецтва в Україні.
Creation of the system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements in Ukraine in the XX century
Authors: Lyashuga І. Y.
Published: December 2022

In this article analyzes the formation and development of the system of ensuring the uniformity of measurements in Ukraine, in particular its technical basis – the reference base. The role of the main metrological center of Ukraine – the National Scientific Center «Institute of Metrology» (NSC «Institute of Metrology») in the creation of a unique reference base in Ukraine is outlined. The activity of scientific metrological institutions of Kyiv, Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk is considered. The stages of formation of the Ukrainian system of ensuring the uniformity of measurements from the creation of the first verification tent in Kharkiv to the creation of a network of research institutions in the field of metrology are investigated. Three 3 main stages of development are distinguished: I stage 1901–1952; II stage 1952–1991; III stage began in 1991. The types of measurements that contributed to the development of the industrial complex of Ukraine, the establishment and improvement of measurement standards are considered. On the basis of legislative documents, scientific literature, archival materials, the organization and further development of the reference base of Ukraine at the end of the twentieth century is considered. The programs for the creation of the reference base of Ukraine in 1992, 1993–1997, despite a number of difficulties, lack of necessary funding, loss of metrological equipment, equipment, scientific relations were implemented. It is substantiated that the main scientific center for the implementation of the program was the NSC «Institute of Metrology». On the basis of this institution, conditions were created for the storage of 52 state primary standards and 16 secondary standards. The SSC «Institute of Metrology» is located at 42 Myronositskoho Street. in July 2022, it came under artillery shelling. The building was partially destroyed.
A Mordovian settlement as a site and community of historical memory: collective narratives and representations
Authors: Bogatova Olga A. , Mitrofanova Anastasia V. , Riazanova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article summarizes the results of a study of social practices and narratives of the commemoration of the victims of mass political repression in the village of Kruglyi (the Republic of Mordovia) that was established as a permanent settlement in the period of collectivization.
Materials and Methods. The theoretical framework of the study consists of social theories of “memory sites” and collective trauma. The method of collecting empirical data corresponded to case study, including observation, in-depth interviews and discourse analysis of media publications. The data were analyzed using the methods of thick ethnographic description and narrative discourse analysis.
Results and Discussion. The article reviews the social context of local commemoration; identifies the main stages and practices of creating a “place of memory” in the village of Kruglyi by constructing a self-made monument of stained oak with a memorial plaque, and its subsequent mediatization. The authors analyze local discourses and narratives of social memory and material aspects of commemoration; regional, identify national and international mnemonic actors, acting as agents of the process of cultural trauma. They reveal and interpret the content of competing narratives of victimization and devictimization of the local community.
Conclusion. Based on the data obtained in the course of fieldwork, the authors deconstruct media of the history of the village and identify two different models of its description. They conclude that these models are conditioned by various models of commemorating social trauma: one is “therapeutic”, focused more on deprivation and the loss of group identity; another one is “macrohistoric”, or in other words based on interpreting trauma as an aspect of social transformation seen as a process containing prerequisites for working the trauma out.
Prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency in Karelia in the 1920–1960s
Authors: Vavulinskaja Ljudmila I. , Chebakovskaja Aleksandra V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Based on archival documents introduced into research for the first time, the article shows the changes in the content and forms of state policy on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in Karelia during the 1920s – the first half of the 1960s. The focus is on the reconstruction of the conformity of the program for the protection of children and adolescents proclaimed by the Soviet state to the realities of that time.
Materials and Methods. It used the materials of the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia, which sufficiently reflect various aspects of the problem. The research was conducted on the basis of interdisciplinary approach, using not only historical, but also pedagogical science, social and political history, psychology, jurisprudence, etc. Systemic, comparative-historical, and problem-chronological methods were used in the preparation of the work.
Results and Discussion. Various aspects of the preventive work of the governing bodies and administrative institutions of Karelia on the prevention of child and juvenile delinquency have been representatively studied. The experience of formation and transformation of the system of children’s institutions for juvenile delinquents is summarized, public initiatives in the issue of improving the lives of children in need are noted. The main stages of the activities of state and administrative bodies for the prevention of crime in children and adolescents are identified. In the first half of the 1920s there was a partial mitigation of the criminal liability of minors and use of “medical and pedagogical” measures, however, from the mid-1930s the development of state policy changed in the direction of tightening and expanding the authorities of NKVD. In the post-war period, significant emphasis was placed on the re-education of difficult adolescents, and the prevention of juvenile delinquency.
Conclusion. The article identifies the causes and describes the measures to prevent child and juvenile delinquency in Karelia during the that period. The experience of solving the problems of its prevention, accumulated in the 1920–1960s, was widely used later, which confirms the effectiveness of the developed system.
Domestic animals and birds in traditional rites of the Mordovians: Finno-Ugric context
Authors: Devyatkina Tatiana P. , Panfilova Serafima S.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article presents a study of the functions of domestic animals and birds in the traditional rites of the Mordovians and a number of Finno-Ugric ethnic groups of Russia. Common and unique functions are revealed as well as the level of transformation of animalistic and ornithomorphic rituals of the Mordovians in comparison with the Mari, Udmurts, Komi, Karelians, Vepsians, Khanty.
Materials and Methods. The material of the study includes the published folklore and ethnographic sources, field materials collected by the authors. The analysis of the material was carried out using the descriptive and contrastive methods. The synchronic and diachronic approaches were also applied in the course of study.
Results and Discussion. The study has revealed a variety of functions of domestic animals and birds in traditional rites of the Mordovians and a number of Finno-Ugric ethnic groups of Russia. In addition to the function of ritual sacrifice in various rites, they perform the apotropaic function in folk signs and fortunetelling, thanksgiving and propitiatory functions in the rituals associated with the patron deities of the elements. In the modern culture of the Mordovians, the traditional ritual functions of domestic animals and birds are being transformed into the utilitarian function.
Conclusion. The contrastive analysis of the Mordovians materials with the data obtained from the Mari, Karelians, Komi, Udmurts, Vepsians, Khanty has showed that the ritual tradition of each ethnic group is characterized by a common and a specific use of animals and birds. In the modern ritual practice of these ethnic groups, chickens, roosters, sheep, pigs are used in the utilitarian function