bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons from Westeros: Gender and power in Game of Thrones
Authors: Clapton William , Shepherd Laura J
Published: April 2016

People learn about global politics not (solely or even mostly) from conventional teaching in the discipline of International Relations (IR) but from popular culture. We use the television series Game of Thrones to expand upon this premise. We show how representations of the gendered foundations of political authority can be found in popular culture in ways that challenge the division of such knowledge in IR. Game of Thrones and other cultural texts potentially enable different ways of thinking about the world that subvert both the disciplinary mechanisms that divide up knowledge and the related marginalisation of various knowledge claims.
Emotion, working memory, and cognitive control in patients with first-onset and previously untreated minor depressive disorders
Authors: Li Mi , Lu Shengfu , Wang Gang , Feng Lei , Fu Bingbing , Zhong Ning
Published: April 2016

Objective

To explore working memory and the ability to process different emotional stimuli in patients with first-onset and untreated minor (mild or moderate) depression.

Methods

Patients with first-onset and previously untreated minor depression, and healthy controls, were enrolled. Using a modified Sternberg working memory paradigm to investigate the combined effects of emotional stimuli with working memory, participants were exposed to experimental stimuli comprising pictures that represented positive, neutral and negative emotions. Working memory ability was measured using reaction time and accuracy, and emotion-processing ability was measured using pupil diameter.

Results

Out of 36 participants (18 patients with minor depression and 18 controls), there were no statistically significant between-group differences in response time and accuracy. Positive stimuli evoked changes in pupil diameter that were significantly smaller in patients with minor depression versus controls, but changes in pupil diameter evoked by negative stimuli were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Healthy subjects showed a stronger emotional response to positive emotional stimuli than patients with first onset and previously untreated minor depression, but there were no differences in response to negative emotions. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in terms of speed of cognitive response, but this may have been due to the relatively small samples sizes assessed. Studies with larger sample populations are required to further investigate these results.
Health Care Use Before and After Entering Long-Term Services and Supports
Authors: Newcomer Robert , Harrington Charlene , Hulett Denis , Kang Taewoon , Ko Michelle , Bindman Andrew
Published: April 2016

Objective: We examined the health care utilization patterns of Medicare and Medicaid enrollees (MMEs) before and after initiating long-term care in the community or after admission to a nursing facility (NF). Method: We used administrative data to compare hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and post-acute care use of MMEs receiving long-term care in California in 2006-2007. Results: MMEs admitted to a NF for long-term care had much greater use of hospitalizations, ED visits, and post-acute care before initiating long-term care than those entering long-term care in the community. Post-entry, community service users had less than half the average monthly hospital and ED use compared with the NF cohort. Conclusion: Hospital and ED use prior to and following NF and personal care program entry suggest a need for reassessing the monitoring of these high-risk populations and the communication between health and community care providers.
Enhancement in thermal conductivity and mechanical properties via large-scale fabrication of boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Li Shengzhao , Yang Tuantuan , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei , Chen Yang
Published: April 2016

In this study, a facial method of fabricating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) was proposed. Isopropyl alcohol was employed as the solvent to obtain the BNNS via exfoliation of the pristine hexagonal boron nitride. The yield of the exfoliated BNNS with thickness less than 20 nm was as high as 0.17–0.2 mg mL−1. The BN- and BNNS-filled polyamide 6 (PA6) composites were subsequently prepared by melt blending, and a comparison of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the resultant composites were demonstrated. Results indicated that the PA6/BNNS composites showed superior mechanical and thermal conductive properties when compared with that of neat PA6 and PA6/BN composites. At a filler-loading fraction of 40 wt%, thermal conductivity of the PA6/BNNS composite reached 2.496 W mK−1, which was 21.8% higher than that of PA6/BN composites at the same filler-loading concentration. In addition, the tensile strength of PA6/BNNS composites was invariably higher than that of neat PA6, with a 6.23% increment at a filler concentration of 30 wt%. Based on the results of differential scanning calorimetry, a new crystallization peak ( TCC, 2) was observed at higher temperature region for the filler-containing composites and the position of the new peak gradually shifted to higher temperatures with an incremental loading concentration of BN and BNNS.
An online detection method for composite fibre tow placement accuracy
Authors: Tao Yichun , Jia Shuhai , Duan Yugang , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: April 2016

Fibre composite is widely used in the field of aerospace because of its excellent performance. However, during the process of fibre placement using an automated fibre placement machine, it is difficult to guarantee accurate fibre placement. To solve the problem, this study established an online detection method for fibre tow placement accuracy. It captures the image of the detection region using an industrial charge-coupled device camera, identifies those regions with gaps in the image using computer vision methods and then acquires the gap widths which are the fibre placement accuracy of each fibre tows. When the angle between upper and lower fibre tows was small, to find the position of edges in the images accurately, we presented an improved image enhancement method based on histogram stretching. The experimental results showed that this online detection method was applicable and can quickly and effectively identify the position and width of the gaps in the detection region. Furthermore, it had high resolution, which can meet the requirements of practical engineering.
“We beat the path by walking” Part II: Three construction projects that advanced the learning and credibility of the Indian Alliance
Authors: Patel Sheela , Bartlett Sheridan
Published: April 2016

This paper continues the story of the Indian Alliance (the partnership of SPARC, Mahila Milan and the National Slum Dwellers’ Federation), as it designed and built housing with urban poor communities from 1986 to 1995. It focuses on three cases in Mumbai, where communities with precarious housing developed alternatives to resettlement and redevelopment. The housing solutions they developed were the product of negotiation with local authorities and collaboration with the evolving Alliance. The paper documents the collective learning – about the practicalities of construction as well as financing and relationships with local governments – that was instrumental to this work, and that influenced the Alliance’s strategies for inclusive community engagement and housing improvements in other locations. These strategies continue to develop and provide valuable lessons that can be applied to the implementation of the new urban Sustainable Development Goal.
Clinical Outcomes of Acid Suppressive Therapy Use in Hematology/Oncology Patients at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: McCaleb Rachael V. , Gandhi Arpita S. , Clark Stephen Michael , Clemmons Amber B.
Published: April 2016

Background: Acid suppressive therapy (AST)—namely, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)—is routinely prescribed to hospitalized patients for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP). Objective: To identify the incidence of and indications for AST use in the hematology/oncology population as well as to identify the occurrence of the following PPI-associated adverse events: pneumonia and Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD). Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult hematology/oncology patients admitted to any oncology service for ≥48 hours from October 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014. Results: Of the 298 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 73% (n = 218) received an AST during admission. The most common indication for an AST was SUP (63%). The incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was 10%, 0%, and 4% in patients who received a PPI, H2RA, and no AST, respectively (14/142 vs 0/70 vs 3/80; odds ratio [OR] for PPI vs no AST = 2.68; 95% CI = 0.75-9.63). The incidence of CDAD was 3%, 1.3%, and 1.2% in patients who received a PPI, H2RA, and no AST, respectively (4/142 vs 1/70 vs 1/80; OR for PPI vs H2RA = 1.92; 95% CI = 0.21-17.47). Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the incidence of and indications for AST use in the hospitalized hematology/oncology population. There was a high occurrence of AST use, particularly PPIs, in these patients at our institution. Additionally, there was a trend toward an increased risk of HAP and CDAD in patients who received AST during admission.
Accessory Navicular Syndrome in Athlete vs General Population
Authors: Jegal Hyuk , Park Young Uk , Kim Jin Su , Choo Ho Sik , Seo Young Uk , Lee Kyung Tai
Published: April 2016

Background:

Symptomatic accessory navicular syndrome (ANS) typically develops in young athletes. The symptoms are exacerbated during exercise or while walking, affecting the sports performance of athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic findings and clinical course in athletes with accessory navicular syndrome (ANS) in comparison with a nonathletic population.

Methods:

Seventy-nine patients with ANS between August 2012 and August 2013 were included. Overall, 29 were athletes and 50 were not athletes, and 19 (2 athletes and 17 nonathletes) of them improved after at least 6 months of conservative treatment. The records of 60 patients (64 consecutive feet) of ANS treated by modified Kidner operation were evaluated retrospectively. The study population included 27 athletes (31 feet) and 33 nonathletes (33 feet). Clinical features and radiologic findings were compared between them.

Results:

Overall, 34% of the nonathletes improved after conservative treatment, but only 6.9% of athletes improved ( P < .001). Mean age at surgery in the athlete group was 16.1 years (range, 12-26), and 24.3 years (range, 12-52) in the nonathlete group ( P < .001). There was a history of trauma in 23 feet (74%) of the athlete group and in 13 feet (39%) of the nonathlete group ( P = .006). Eighteen feet (58%) in the athlete group and 11 feet (32%) in the nonathlete group showed movement between the 2 bones ( P = .047). Bone marrow edema was observed in both navicular and accessory navicular in all of the athletes (27/27, 100%). But it was only present in 80% (16/20) for nonathletes ( P = .012).

Conclusion:

The radiologic findings and clinical course of athletes were different from that of the general population. Their symptoms were more refractory to conservative treatment than the nonathletes group. Therefore, early operative treatment could be considered in cases of symptomatic ANS especially for athletes.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative case series.
Development of a laboratory model to assess fear and anxiety in cats
Authors: de Rivera Christina , Ley Jacqui , Milgram Bill , Landsberg Gary
Published: April 2016

Objectives

The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a laboratory-based model to assess fear and anxiety in cats using the feline open-field test (OFT) and the feline human interaction test (HIT); and (2) to validate the model using diazepam, a known anxiolytic.

Methods

Laboratory-housed cats (n = 41) were first classified as fearful, mildly fearful or non-fearful by a technician familiar with the cats and also by veterinary behaviorists (GL, JL), by assessing the cats’ behavior in their home rooms. In experiment 1, each cat’s behavior was assessed in an OFT and an HIT. In experiment 2, after administration of the anxiolytic diazepam, a subset of the cats was re-tested.

Results

In experiment 1, the OFT revealed significant group effects on two measures: duration of inactivity, and vocalization. Fearful animals had significantly longer periods of inactivity than non-fearful animals. Non-fearful and mildly fearful cats vocalized more frequently than fearful cats. In the HIT, fearful cats travelled less than non-fearful and mildly fearful cats. Fearful and mildly fearful animals had significantly longer durations of inactivity, and non-fearful and mildly fearful cats had a significantly higher frequency of vocalization compared with fearful cats. In experiment 2, in the OFT, treatment with diazepam caused an increase in distance travelled, shorter durations of inactivity, and more frequent inactivity and vocalization. In the HIT, diazepam increased distance travelled and decreased duration of inactivity. Fearful cats spent significantly less time near the human compared with non-fearful cats, and this persisted under diazepam.

Conclusions and relevance

The feline OFT and feline HIT can be used jointly to assess the effects of medications or other therapies on fear and anxiety in the domestic cat.
Sensory and repetitive behaviors among children with autism spectrum disorder at home
Authors: Kirby Anne V , Boyd Brian A , Williams Kathryn L , Faldowski Richard A , Baranek Grace T
Published: April 2016

Atypical sensory and repetitive behaviors are defining features of autism spectrum disorder and are thought to be influenced by environmental factors; however, there is a lack of naturalistic research exploring contexts surrounding these behaviors. This study involved video recording observations of 32 children with autism spectrum disorder (2–12 years of age) engaging in sensory and repetitive behaviors during home activities. Behavioral coding was used to determine what activity contexts, sensory modalities, and stimulus characteristics were associated with specific behavior types: hyperresponsive, hyporesponsive, sensory seeking, and repetitive/stereotypic. Results indicated that hyperresponsive behaviors were most associated with activities of daily living and family-initiated stimuli, whereas sensory seeking behaviors were associated with free play activities and child-initiated stimuli. Behaviors associated with multiple sensory modalities simultaneously were common, emphasizing the multi-sensory nature of children’s behaviors in natural contexts. Implications for future research more explicitly considering context are discussed.
Antisocial media and algorithmic deviancy amplification: Analysing the id of Facebook’s technological unconscious
Authors: Wood Mark A.
Published: April 2016

Fight pages are user-generated Facebook pages dedicated to hosting footage of street fights and other forms of bare-knuckle violence. In this article, I argue that these pages exemplify an emergent and under-researched online phenomenon that may be termed antisocial media: participatory webpages that aggregate, publically host, and sympathetically curate footage of criminalized acts. To properly apprehend the implications of antisocial media for the mediation, distribution, and consumption of footage of criminalized acts, we must be attentive to the specificities of their architecture, their affordances and, increasingly, their personalization algorithms, which tailor the content a user receives to reflect their inferred preferences. This article therefore analyses the ‘technological unconscious’ of Facebook to demonstrate how the interactivity and personalization of the site’s information landscapes have the potential to reinforce or amplify fight page users’ often-harmful attitudes towards violence.
Readers’ perception of computer-generated news: Credibility, expertise, and readability
Authors: Graefe Andreas , Haim Mario , Haarmann Bastian , Brosius Hans-Bernd
Published: April 2016

We conducted an online experiment to study people’s perception of automated computer-written news. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 design, we varied the article topic (sports, finance; within-subjects) and both the articles’ actual and declared source (human-written, computer-written; between-subjects). Nine hundred eighty-six subjects rated two articles on credibility, readability, and journalistic expertise. Varying the declared source had small but consistent effects: subjects rated articles declared as human written always more favorably, regardless of the actual source. Varying the actual source had larger effects: subjects rated computer-written articles as more credible and higher in journalistic expertise but less readable. Across topics, subjects’ perceptions did not differ. The results provide conservative estimates for the favorability of computer-written news, which will further increase over time and endorse prior calls for establishing ethics of computer-written news.
Writing their way into talk: Emergent bilinguals’ emergent literacy practices as pathways to peer interaction and oral language growth
Authors: Bernstein Katie A
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the idea that young children’s emergent literacy practices can be tools for mediating peer interaction, and that, therefore, literacy, even in its earliest stages, can support oral language development, particularly for emergent bilinguals. The paper draws on data collected during a year-long ethnographic study of 11 Nepali- and Turkish-speaking three- and four-year-olds learning English in their first year of school. Using neo-Vygotskian activity theory as a guide, this paper examines the children’s classroom literacy practices, particularly around writing and the alphabet, in order to understand, first, how literacy functioned as a socially embedded activity for these students (sometimes in ways that contrasted with the official literacy practices of the classroom), and second, how that activity facilitated students’ interaction across language backgrounds. Finally, this paper offers a genetic analysis, or an analysis across time, of how students’ interactions with multimodal composing functioned as contexts for emergent bilinguals’ oral language development, and in particular, vocabulary acquisition.
Development of Maryland Local Overdose Fatality Review Teams
Authors: Rebbert-Franklin Kathleen , Haas Erin , Singal Pooja , Cherico-Hsii Sara , Baier Michael , Collins Kenneth , Webner Karl , Sharfstein Joshua
Published: April 2016

The Maryland Local Overdose Fatality Review Teams (LOFRTs) are multiagency, multidisciplinary teams that critically analyze individual cases of drug overdose in their jurisdictions to identify preventable risk factors and missed opportunities for intervention, and to make policy and programmatic recommendations to prevent future overdose deaths. Three Maryland LOFRTs were first piloted in early 2014, and became established in law in May of the same year. LOFRTs provide unique opportunities for enhanced interagency collaboration and locally driven prevention efforts. This study describes the process of establishing LOFRTs in Maryland. The experiences and information regarding LOFRTs may help counties in other states combat the growing problem of deaths by drug overdose.
Making #BlackLivesMatter
Authors: Powell Kashif Jerome
Published: April 2016

This article situates the loss of Michael Brown and Eric Garner within the affective resonance of the Transatlantic Slave Trade’s afterlife. Building upon critical theories of performance and memory that position nonexistence as the generative force of Black life, I interrogate the activism sparked by the untimely death of Brown and Garner as a performative, death-derived absence dramatized through the bodies of protestors. Engaging the body as the confluence of agential presence and deathly absence, I develop a hauntology that questions how to make Black life matter through a reworking of the relationship between the Transatlantic Slave Trade’s affective ecologies of nonexistence and blackness.
Time Traveling Dogs (and Other Native Feminist Ways to Defy Dislocations)
Authors: Morrill Angie
Published: April 2016

In this article, I analyze a painting by Modoc/Klamath artist Peggy Ball through a Native feminist reading methodology. The painting, Vanport, is named after a city that disappeared in a flood in 1948. The artist survived that flood, and displacement as did thousands of others. The painting is a rememory map of dislocations and hauntings and disappearances. The painting remaps gentrified dislocations, telling stories that focus on the relationship of the present to the past and the past to the future. The painting itself is a Native feminist practice. The travel to places gone, to places that will reappear again; by people gone as well as by people presently alive; into times that existed, that never existed, that will exist again; to times made contemporaneous by time traveling dogs; with people co-present through desire—at the heart of all this time travel is recognition and survivance.
Analytic Productions in Post-Intentional Phenomenological Research
Authors: Vagle Mark D. , Clements Colleen H. , Coffee Angela C.
Published: April 2016

In this article, we explore through a series of productions our analytic relationships with an interview with Iris—a fourth-grade student who participated in a post-intentional phenomenological study focusing on how social class–sensitive photo storying took shape in a high-poverty elementary school. Following Deleuze and Guattari’s configuration of assemblage as a constant process of making and unmaking, we have plugged into our assemblage (Jackson and Mazzei) some poetry and a dramatization, as well as some of the expected productions of academic writing such as theory, citations, and methodology. In this way, we reconceive the phenomenon as an assemblage that produces, rather than means.
How can school leaders establish evidence-informed Schools
Authors: Brown Chris , Zhang Dell
Published: April 2016

This article has three aims: first, it examines the notion of evidence-informed practice and its benefits, as well as recent educational policy designed to promote schools’ use of evidence. Second, it examines four distinct but overlapping and interdependent factors that school leaders need to consider if they wish to establish evidence-informed practice within their school. These factors are: 1) the existence of teacher capacity to engage in and with research and data; 2) school cultures that are attuned to evidence use; 3) schools promoting the use of research as part of an effective learning environment; and 4) the existence of effective structures, system and resource that facilitate research-use and the sharing of best practice. Third we describe how the article’s authors undertook a survey of 696 practitioners in relation to these factors. Also how, with the resultant data we built a Gradient Boosted Tree predictive model to examine the potential policy levers available to school leaders wishing to promote evidence use in their schools. We conclude the article by setting out which of these factors is most likely to increase both support for evidence informed change within schools as well as boost instances of evidence informed practice by teachers.
Management of rivaroxaban in relation to bodyweight and body mass index
Authors: Uprichard James
Published: April 2016

Being overweight or obese is associated with a higher individual risk of venous thromboembolism and poorer postprocedural outcomes after hip or knee replacement surgery. In addition, there is evidence that obesity represents a significant driving factor for the current and projected prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Rivaroxaban and other direct oral anticoagulants offer fixed-dose regimens for these indications. They do not require therapeutic drug monitoring or dose adjustment according to the weight of the patient. However, primary care physicians seem to be hesitant to accept the concept of a fixed-dose regimen for patients at extremes of weight, perhaps because of familiarity with weight-based dosing of other drugs including low molecular weight heparins. The main concerns related to unadjusted dosing are increased exposure in underweight patients leading to a risk of excessive bleeding and conversely to underanticoagulation of overweight patients. Rivaroxaban has shown similar efficacy and a similar or better safety profile compared with standard treatment for several venous and arterial indications, including venous thromboembolism, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and acute coronary syndrome. Prespecified subgroup analyses of patients stratified by weight or body mass index demonstrated outcomes that were consistent with the overall analysis and within each weight and body mass index group. The results suggest that standard-dose rivaroxaban can be safely prescribed in adult patients of all weights.
How does surgery compare with advanced intra-articular therapies in knee osteoarthritis: current thoughts
Authors: Wehling Peter , Moser Carsten , Maixner William
Published: April 2016

The objectives of osteoarthritis (OA) management are to reduce pain and inflammation, slow cartilage degradation, improve function and reduce disability. Current strategies for managing knee OA include nonpharmacological interventions, oral pharmacological treatments, localized intra-articular injections, and surgery. It has become evident that the inflammatory response is a key contributor to the development and progression of knee OA. Signaling pathways involving growth factors and cytokines are being investigated for the development of new therapies that target the underlying biological processes causing the disease. This concept of ‘molecular orthopedics’ enables more patient-centered diagnostic and treatment strategies. In contrast to other conservative therapies, which ultimately only address OA symptoms, intra-articular injections, in particular autologous conditioned serum (ACS), provide benefits that have the potential to outweigh those of established pharmacological treatments and surgery. Surgery has historically been considered the final solution for treatment of knee OA, both by treating physicians and by patients; however, there are increasing concerns regarding the lack of randomized clinical trials providing evidence to support this opinion. Intra-articular injection of ACS has demonstrated efficacy as a treatment for knee OA in a number of studies, with a very low rate of adverse events and side effects, compared with surgery. Treatment with ACS utilizes the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and regenerative growth factors to support the natural healing processes in the knee, and has the potential to provide a valuable alternative to surgical intervention.
Vitamin D status of adolescent inpatients in a secure psychiatric hospital
Authors: Hill Simon A. , Riordan-Eva Elliott , Bhandari Bharathi , Ferdinandez Uresh
Published: April 2016

Objective:

The objective of the study was to use routinely collected data on vitamin D levels of adolescents detained in a secure psychiatric hospital to see if this at-risk group for vitamin D deficiency do in fact have low vitamin D levels.

Methods:

Vitamin D blood levels were collated from clinical records of inpatients admitted to Bluebird House, a medium secure adolescent unit, since 2012. Corresponding data were gathered to include gender, ethnic status and age. Blood levels were assessed on admission to the unit and after treatment with vitamin D supplementation, if indicated.

Results:

Only 3 out of the 35 patients (8.6%) had adequate vitamin D levels (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OHD] > 50 nmol/l). A total of 23 patients (65.7%) had levels consistent with deficiency (25-OHD < 30 nmol/l) with the remaining 9 patients (25.7%) showing levels indicating possible deficiency (25-OHD 30–50 nmol/l.

Conclusions:

Vitamin D levels were low in our sample of young people admitted to a secure psychiatric hospital. This is the first published study of vitamin D levels in a secure adolescent psychiatric hospital. The results point to the need for routine prescription of vitamin D to adolescents held in secure conditions such as hospitals, secure children’s homes and youth offender institutes.
Building a structural image in the Elward area in the Syrian Euphrates Graben using 3D seismic data
Authors: Shaheen Rabah , Taifour Riad , Alsouki Mohammad
Published: April 2016

By generating fault maps, isochron maps, and applying restoration techniques to 3D seismic data acquired over the Elward area of Syria, we have built a suite of cross sections that represent the tectonic evolution of the area. Fault maps and time structure maps reveal structural deformation, whereas isochron maps define areas of fault-controlled depocenters. Seismic attributes delineate fluvial channels formed during the Late Triassic period. The main rift phase in the study area is the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian). Our analysis explained the absence of the Judea and the upper part of the Rutbah Formations from the stratigraphic column of the Elward north field.
Audiovestibular Handicap and Quality of Life in Patients With Vestibular Schwannoma and “Excellent” Hearing
Authors: Tveiten Oystein Vesterli , Carlson Matthew L. , Link Michael J. , Lund-Johansen Morten
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND: Studies examining patient-reported outcomes in subjects with vestibular schwannoma (VS) and “excellent” hearing are lacking.

OBJECTIVE: To assess patient-reported audiovestibular handicap and overall quality of life (QoL) in VS patients with class A hearing in both ears.

METHODS: Among 539 VS patients treated during 1998 to 2008, we identified 296 patients with either bilateral class A (AA) hearing or 1 good ear and 1 deaf ear (AD) according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery classification. Patients responded to validated hearing, tinnitus, and dizziness handicap inventories and 2 QoL questionnaires, and the 2 groups were compared. A reference group of 103 adults filled out the same questionnaires.

RESULTS: Forty-nine patients (16.6%) had class AA and 247 patients (83.4%) had class AD hearing. AA patients scored poorer than control subjects without tumor on all handicap questionnaires (P < .001) and a VS-specific QoL instrument (P = .006). Con-versely, AA patients scored significantly better than patients with AD on the hearing inventory and the disease-specific QoL instrument (P < .001), but no difference was found between these groups with regard to tinnitus and dizziness. The hearing disability score was approximately 3 times poorer for AA patients compared with control subjects without tumor; a third of AA patients reported a hearing handicap.

CONCLUSION: Patients with VS and bilateral class A hearing report significantly poorer hearing handicap than control subjects without tumor but better hearing than those with unilateral deafness. When patients with bilateral class A hearing are counseled, it should be noted that one-third of patients experience self-perceived hearing handicap.
Cavernomas and Arteriovenous Malformations in the Mesial Temporal Region: Microsurgical Anatomy and Approaches
Authors: Campero Alvaro , Ajler Pablo , Rica Carlos , Rhoton Albert
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND: The mesial temporal region (MTR) is located deep in the temporal lobe and it is surrounded by important vascular and nervous structures that should be preserved during surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To describe microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the MTR in relation to cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

METHODS: Five formalin-fixed and red silicone-embedded heads of adult cadavers were used for this study. Between January 2003 and June 2014, 7 patients with cavernomas and 6 patients with AVMs in the MTR underwent surgery.

RESULTS: The MTR of the cadavers was divided into 3 areas: anterior, middle, and posterior. Of the 7 patients with MTR cavernomas, 4 were located anteriorly, 2 were located medially, and 1 was located posteriorly. Of the 6 patients with MTR AVMs, 3 were located in the anterior sector, 2 in the middle sector, and 1 in the posterior sector. For the anterior portion of the MTR, a transsylvian-transinsular approach was used; for the middle portion of the MTR, a transtemporal approach was used (anterior temporal lobectomy); and for the posterior portion of the MTR, a supracerebellar-transtentorial approach was used.

CONCLUSION: Dividing the MTR into 3 regions allows us to adapt the approach to lesion location. Thus, the anterior sector can be approached via the sylvian fissure, the middle sector can be approached transtemporally, and the posterior sector can be approached via the supracerebellar approach.
Gene expression profiles uncover individual identities of gnathal neuroblasts and serial homologies in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila
Authors: Urbach Rolf , Jussen David , Technau Gerhard M.
Published: April 2016

The numbers and types of progeny cells generated by neural stem cells in the developing CNS are adapted to its region-specific functional requirements. In Drosophila, segmental units of the CNS develop from well-defined patterns of neuroblasts. Here we constructed comprehensive neuroblast maps for the three gnathal head segments. Based on the spatiotemporal pattern of neuroblast formation and the expression profiles of 46 marker genes (41 transcription factors), each neuroblast can be uniquely identified. Compared with the thoracic ground state, neuroblast numbers are progressively reduced in labial, maxillary and mandibular segments due to smaller sizes of neuroectodermal anlagen and, partially, to suppression of neuroblast formation and induction of programmed cell death by the Hox gene Deformed. Neuroblast patterns are further influenced by segmental modifications in dorsoventral and proneural gene expression. With the previously published neuroblast maps and those presented here for the gnathal region, all neuroectodermal neuroblasts building the CNS of the fly (ventral nerve cord and brain, except optic lobes) are now individually identified (in total 2×567 neuroblasts). This allows, for the first time, a comparison of the characteristics of segmental populations of stem cells and to screen for serially homologous neuroblasts throughout the CNS. We show that approximately half of the deutocerebral and all of the tritocerebral (posterior brain) and gnathal neuroblasts, but none of the protocerebral (anterior brain) neuroblasts, display serial homology to neuroblasts in thoracic/abdominal neuromeres. Modifications in the molecular signature of serially homologous neuroblasts are likely to determine the segment-specific characteristics of their lineages.
Embryonic common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) preferentially regulate intracellular tissue pH during acid-base challenges
Authors: Shartau Ryan B. , Crossley Dane A. , Kohl Zachary F. , Brauner Colin J.
Published: April 2016

The nests of embryonic turtles naturally experience elevated CO2 (hypercarbia), which leads to increased blood PCO2 and a respiratory acidosis resulting in reduced blood pH [extracellular pH (pHe)]. Some fishes preferentially regulate tissue pH [intracellular pH (pHi)] against changes in pHe; this has been proposed to be associated with exceptional CO2 tolerance and has never been identified in amniotes. As embryonic turtles may be CO2 tolerant based on nesting strategy, we hypothesized that they preferentially regulate pHi, conferring tolerance to severe acute acid-base challenges. This hypothesis was tested by investigating pH regulation in common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) reared in normoxia then exposed to hypercarbia (13kPa PCO2) for 1h at three developmental ages, 70 and 90% of incubation, and in yearlings. Hypercarbia reduced pHe but not pHi, at all developmental ages. At 70% of incubation, pHe was depressed by 0.324 pH units while pHi of brain, white muscle, and lung increased; heart, liver, and kidney pHi remained unchanged. At 90% of incubation, pHe was depressed by 0.352 pH units but heart pHi increased with no change in pHi of other tissues. Yearling exhibited a pHe reduction of 0.235 pH units but had no changes in pHi of any tissues. The results indicate common snapping turtles preferentially regulate pHi during development, but the degree of the response is reduced throughout development. This is the first time preferential pHi regulation has been identified in an amniote. These findings may provide insight into the evolution of acid-base homeostasis during development of amniotes, and vertebrates in general.
APRENDIZAJE DE LA TÉCNICA TRADICIONAL DEL ADOBE EN LOS PUEBLOS BEREBERES APLICADO A LA CONSERVACIÓN Y RESTAURACIÓN DE MORTEROS DEL KSAR DE AÏT BEN HADDOU
Authors: Díaz Ramos Isolina
Published: April 2016

El siguiente texto trata sobre la experiencia de trabajo en la formación de jóvenes desempleados en el ámbito de la restauración y conservación del patrimonio en adobe en su lugar de origen. La formación, llevada a cabo en el término de Ait-Benhaddou, provincia de Ouarzazate en Marruecos durante quince días, fue financiada por la Consejería de Inmigración y Ciudadanía de la Generalitat de Valencia y promovida por el Instituto de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de Valencia (ver Fig.1). Mi asistencia a este curso como alumna, ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Cultura español en el programa de Ayuda para la formación de jóvenes profesionales de la Cultura. Ésta ha sido una experiencia muy grata y pionera, un intercambio de conocimientos y culturas, importantísima para futuras intervenciones
Ideología de la «puesta en texto» en «La tía Julia y el escribidor» de Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Soubeyroux Jacques
Published: April 2016

After discussing some of Claude Duchet's theoretical propositions and after defining socio-criticism as it is understood by the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche Sociocritiques de l'Université de Montpellier, the author of this article goes on to stress the judiciousness of Duchet's approach in his analysis of the incipit of Madame Bovary, and proposes to apply the same method to Vargas Llosa's novel La tía Julia y el escribidor. He first examines the social discourses expressed in the opening paragraph of chapter 1 of the novel. In a second part, he discusses the rhetoric of the text composition in the first two paragraphs of chapter 2, in order to show Vargas Llosa's novel is built up by parodying the universe and the processes of para-literature. This analysis of two micro-sequences of the text provides the reader with important elements which make it possible to signpost the genotext of the novel, and direct us towards a sociocritical interpretation of the whole of Vargas Llosa's works.
Sustitución lingüística en las comunidades de habla alicantinas
Authors: Gimeno Menéndez Francisco
Published: April 2016

The specific objective of this analysis is to provide a critical revision of the hypotheses and evaluations reached up to the present on linguistic conflict in Alicante, starting from an appraisal of the findings of a recent survey (Molla, Alpera, Gimeno ef al., 1985). The study of language maintenance and language shift is used in an attempt to determine the current sociolinguistic situation of the Alicante speech communities. In this particular instance, we have studied three dimensions of the above-mentioned conflict: 1) multilectism, 2) language shift from Valencian in economic relations, and 3) negative linguistic attitudes towards Valencian. Among other conclusions, we may say that the type of language preference pattern ¡n the Alicante speech communities is the «outgroup preference», in which speakers of both varieties (Castilian and Catalan) acknowledge the superiority of the dominant group's language variety (standard Castilian) both with regard to social power and to group solidarity values.
La teoría de los tiempos en la gramática general francesa (Beauzée y Destutt de Tracy)
Authors: Auroux Silvain
Published: April 2016

General grammar was a linguistic theory which was not restricted to any particular language; its founding axiom was that sentences are the expression of subjective thought, and it began the analysis of speech by analysing the unity of the proposition. During the Eighteenth Century general grammars were conceived as empirical theories, eg theories which had to be corroborated by facts selected from natural languages. Tense theory is one of the more abstract parts of grammatical theory; the grammarians attempted to construct it by means of time parameters, the relative position of which defined each tense. For Beauzée —a cartesian rationalist— these parameters were three (the time of the event, we are speaking about, the time of the speech act, and a point of reference). For Destutt de Tracy —a condillacian sensualist— there were only two parameters; he did not need a third point of reference. The first theory was corroborated by facts of syntax (use of the same form for several time references, or without reference to the speech act, eg «aoriste», undefined); the second by morphological analogies (the french conditional was not understood as a mood, but as a future tense, and compared with the French preterit, eg «imparfait»; cf. /je serais/, «conditionnel présent»; /je serai/, «futur»; /j'étais/, «imparfait»).
Consideraciones para una teoría lingüístico-interdisciplinaria del texto jurídico como fundamento de una ciencia del derecho
Authors: Aullón de Haro Pedro
Published: April 2016

The present article constitute a reflexion of epistemological and pragmatical character about the interesting possibilites of building up Science of Law on the main basic of the study of a Juridical Text within a broat disciplinary frame susceptible of actual true scientific humanistic acceptability. It is developed within the recient controversy about human Sciences, and methodological status of proposing a textual-linguistic and rhetorical integration broadly disciplinary in order to elaborate a general Juridical Rhetoric as well as to stablish in extension the object of a general Philology.
La estructuración fonética de la materia sonora en hablantes bilingües
Authors: Balari Ravera Sergi , Llisterri Boix Joaquim , Poch Olivé Dolors
Published: April 2016

Foreign accent can be conceived as a deviation from a standard norm of pronuntiation. It also can be approached from the point of view of experimental phonetics. Bilingual speakers often show deviations that can be characterized at a subphonemic level by using acoustic phonetic techniques. This paper studies the vocalic system of bilingual Catalan - Castilian speakers when they use Castilian as a second language. 15 male and 15 female subjects were chosen and they recorded 33 words embedded in carrier sentences containing three occurrences of each of the five Castilian vowels in both stressed and unstressed position. Vowel formant frecuencies were derived by means of an acoustic analysis carried out with a narrow band spectral analyser Brüel & Kjaer 2033 giving a measurement error of +/- 12.5 Hz. Fl vs F2 plots were drawn using the mean values thus obtained. A comparison between vowel distribution in native monolingual Castilian speakers and in bilingual Catalan speakers using Castilian shows that: (a) [i], [a] and [u] appear to be more open for bilingual Catalan speakers; (b) in this same group of speakers [e] and [o] are closer to [i] and [u] than in native Castilians. It is concluded that bilingual Catalan subjects do not fill in the relatively large space available between the completely close and the completely open vowels in Castilian, restricting themselves to the area where native Catalan close vowels are usually found.
Coherencia textual: ¿coherencia interna o coherencia externa?
Authors: Vilarnovo Caamaño Antonio
Published: April 2016

This article shows how the different treatments of phenomenon of the textual coherence have taken two fundamental directions: a) to try to explain the coherence by one internal principle of the text, b) or to try it by one external principle. It will be argued in this paper that only from the text itself (internal coherence) could offer one satisfactory answer to such question. Meanwile, it demonstrates how external factors colaborate to the establishment of the textual coherence.
Español de América y lenguas indígenas
Authors: Vaquero de Ramírez María
Published: April 2016

After a brief introduction about the numerous possibilities that exist for approaching a topic such as «Spanish of America and indigenous languages», this essay, which focuses on vocabulary, is organized into two parts: the first one is related to written testimonies and the second one is devoted to indigenous languages and dialectal studies. While starting from two types of sources, the selection of the different aspects dealt with in each part, as well as their organization, respond to the double perspective of diachrony and synchrony. A small sample of chronics written just after the Discovery is from the diachronic point of view; modern research on dialect which has measured the function and the present vitality of the indigenous vocabulary in some countries serves as the point of departure for the synchronical perspective. In a time like ours, when it is not necessary any longer to justify neither the originality of America's Spanish, nor that of his culture, the results obtained offer the possibility to focus on the actual presence of the indigenous lexicon from a less passionate point of view. The results also enable us to discover the gradual marginality of this vocabulary, which in turn encourages other types of lexical creations. In the end, Hispanoamerican territory shows different degrees of indigenous lexical retreat, depending on the socio-cultural situation of their populations and their ethnic realities.
Para una formalización «topológica» de la semántica
Authors: Pérez Herranz Fernando Miguel , López Cruces Antonio José
Published: April 2016

The logical formalization aroused great hopes for the acquisition of the utmost rigour in language studies and has indeed proved to be successful when applied to the study of syntax (Chomsky). Semantics, on the contrary, has resisted the attempts of axiomatization, falling once and again on the psycologisms and subjetivisms which logic was precisely supposed to overecome. New promising ways, have unexpectedly been opened in the field of Topology studies. In his «theory of catastrophes» (TC) a pure geometric-topologic applied to the appearance and stabilization of morphologies, Rene Thom proposed a framework in which language is included as one form of morphology. Petitot and Wildgen have carried Thom's proposal still further, and tried to construct a theory of meaning. In the present study, rather than give an account of these investigations, Pérez Herranz and López Cruces would like to illustrate their application to a piece of literary writing, namely, the poem Cara a cara by Jorge Guillén. The analysis is twofold: on the one hand the traditional kind, and on the other hand the hermeneutic-catastrofist one. The thesis they defend is as follows: they can identify the hierarchy of verbs as presented by TC in a text dating from much earlier than the mentioned theory, which means a text that has not been constructed ad hoc. They hope to demostrate that the verbs in this poem occur according to semantic rather than pragmatic constraints [contraintes], a fact which will put them on the way towards a semantic formalization.