bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of methyl 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
Authors: Aydin Abdullah , Akkurt Mehmet , Gur Zehra Tugce , Banoglu Erden
Published: December 2018

The title compound, C13H12Cl2N2O2, crystallizes with six molecules in the asymmetric unit, such that, the 1H-pyrazole rings are essentially planar. The six molecules are stabilized by intramolecular C-H···N and C-H···Cl interactions and the crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C-H···O hydrogen bonds, forming molecular sheets into paralel to the (-1 1 0) plane. These sheets are connected to each other by C-H···O hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions. In the Hirshfeld surface analysis, the H···H, Cl···H/H···Cl, C···H/H···C, O···H/H···O, N···H/H···N, Cl···Cl, Cl···O/O···Cl interactions add to 95.8% of the intermolecular contacts of the Hirshfeld surface area. The remaining contributions (2.9%) correspond to Cl···C/C···Cl, C···O/O···C, O···O and N···N interactions. Crystal Data for C13H12Cl2N2O2 (M = 299.15 g/mol): Triclinic, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 12.0505(10) Å, b = 12.3189(11) Å, c = 29.184(3) Å, α = 88.565(4)°, β = 89.296(4)°, γ = 76.833(4)°, V = 4217.0(7) Å3, Z = 12, T = 296(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.460 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.414 g/cm3, 83073 reflections measured (2.8° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 47°), 12426 unique (Rint = 0.0411, Rsigma = 0.0235) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0662 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.2481 (all data).
Theoretical calculation of the exchange coupling constant in some polymeric nickel(II) complexes using range-separated functionals
Authors: Makhyoun Mohamed Abdalla , Massoud Raghdaa Adel
Published: December 2018

The magnetic parameters (J, g) of two nickel(II) 1D polymers (Ni(en)(ox) and Ni(ox) (ampy)2; where en = ethylene diamine, ox = oxalate, ampy = 4-amino-pyridine) were calculated using 6-311+G* basis set and six range-separated DFT functionals (CAM-B3LYP, LC-BLYP, wB97, wB97X, wB97X-D3 and B2T-PLYP) together with the hybrid B3LYP method for sake of comparison. We found that the wB97, CAM-B3LYP and wB97X-D3 methods gave approximate value of J for compound 1 and the B2T-PLYP method was found to be the best method for compound 2. The g values were calculated by the coupled perturbed approach. However, we assume that a higher approximation is needed in order to give satisfactory results for g. A new equation has been proposed to relate the experimental susceptibility to the J and g parameters. The Curie-Weiss law was included in this equation resulting in a good explanation of the steep part of the experimental curve below 20 K.
Technology-Embedded Educational Policy: Mediation Effects of the Use of Virtual Learning Influence on Learner Satisfaction
Authors: Das Narain , Sunguh Kenneth Khawandiza , Sarwar Binesh , Ahmed Arslan , Hassan Shah
Published: December 2018

While research on the use of technology to enhance learner satisfaction has received so much consideration from scholars, only limited studies have examined the effects and usefulness of virtual learning about learner satisfaction. In this study, Technology Adoption Model (TAM) and Task-Technology Fit theory (TTF) have been integrated to explore how virtual learning plays a significant role specifically by testing the mediation effects that virtual learning has on the relationship between peer interaction, perceived usefulness, ease of use and learner satisfaction. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the data whereby both Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed on the variables. The results indicate that all hypotheses have been confirmed by providing significant positive relationships between the variables and more importantly, virtual learning plays a highly significant role in promoting learner satisfaction. It is concluded that higher learning institutions should incorporate virtual learning methods to motivate learners in order to encourage satisfaction hence ensuring higher performance.
Testing theories of temporal inferences: Evidence from child language
Authors: Cremers Alexandre , Kane Frances , Tieu Lyn , Kennedy Lynda , Sudo Yasutada , Folli Raffaella , Romoli Jacopo
Published: December 2018

Sentences involving past tense verbs, such as “My dogs were on the carpet”, tend to give rise to the inference that the corresponding present tense version, “My dogs are on the carpet”, is false. This inference is often referred to as a cessation or temporal inference, and is generally analyzed as a type of implicature. There are two main proposals for capturing this asymmetry: one assumes a difference in informativity between the past and present counterparts (Altshuler & Schwarzschild 2013), while the other proposes a structural difference between the two (Thomas 2012). The two approaches are similar in terms of empirical coverage, but differ in their predictions for language acquisition. Using a novel animated picture selection paradigm, we investigated these predictions. Specifically, we compared the performance of a group of 4–6-year-old children and a group of adults on temporal inferences, scalar implicatures arising from “some”, and inferences of adverbial modifiers under negation. The results revealed that overall, children computed all three inferences at a lower rate than adult controls; however they were more adult-like on temporal inferences and inferences of adverbial modifiers than on scalar implicatures. We discuss the implications of the findings, both for a developmental alternatives-based hypothesis (e.g., Barner et al. 2011; Singh et al. 2016; Tieu et al. 2016; 2018), as well as theories of temporal inferences, arguing that the finding that children were more (and equally) adult-like on temporal inferences and adverbial modifiers supports a structural theory of temporal inferences along the lines of Thomas (2012).
Effect of Preoperative Opioid Usage on Pain After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Curtis William , Rounds Alexis D. , Stone Michael , Vangsness C. Thomas , Weber Alexander E. , Hatch George F. “Rick” , Omid Reza
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Preoperative opioid use has recently been associated with increased perioperative pain. This study evaluates the effect of preoperative opioid use on postoperative pain and duration of opioid use after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).

Methods:

We retrospectively identified 138 TSAs (69.1% reverse and 30.9% anatomic) between January 2013 and April 2017 that met inclusion criteria. Patients were stratified into two groups based on opioid usage within the 4 weeks before surgery. Primary outcome was resting pain at 3 months postoperatively using a 10-point numerical rating scale system. Duration of postoperative opioid consumption was also recorded and compared between cohorts.

Results:

The opioid cohort (n = 50) reported significantly greater resting pain and pain with activity at 3 months postoperatively, at which time the reported numerical rating scale pain scores were 1.6 and 2.8 points greater in the opioid cohort compared with the non-opioid cohort (P < 0.001). Preoperative opioid use strongly predicted postoperative opioid use at all follow-up time points (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:

Preoperative opioid consumption is associated with higher pain and increased duration of opioid use after TSA.
Utilization of Drains and Association With Outcomes: A Population-Based Study Using National Data on Knee Arthroplasties
Authors: Poeran Jashvant , Ippolito Katherine , Brochin Robert , Zubizarreta Nicole , Mazumdar Madhu , Galatz Leesa M. , Moucha Calin S.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Although surgical drains have been used routinely in total knee arthroplasties (TKAs), results from several large trials have led to recommendations against their use. Because national data are lacking, we aimed at assessing utilization patterns of drains and perioperative outcomes in TKA procedures.

Methods:

We included 1,130,124 TKA procedures from the national claims-based Premier Healthcare Database (2006 to 2016). Patients receiving a drain were compared with those who did not. Multivariable multilevel models measured associations between drain use and blood transfusions, postoperative infections, 30-day readmission, and length/cost of hospitalization. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Propensity score analyses were performed to assess the robustness of results.

Results:

Drain use decreased from 33.0% (n = 22,901 of 69,370) in 2006 to 15.6% (n = 19,418 of 124,440) in 2016 and was particularly higher in large (>500 beds; 27.1%) and nonteaching hospitals (26.9%). After adjustment for relevant covariates, the use of drains (compared with no use) was significantly associated with increases in particularly blood transfusions (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.30 n = 138,306 total transfusions), whereas minimal effects were seen for other outcomes. Propensity score analyses confirmed these results.

Discussion:

Although retrospective, the current study provides an important insight into real-world clinical practice regarding the use of drains. With current evidence not supporting their use in TKA, we found that national utilization is slowly decreasing. Moreover, because drain use is associated with negative outcomes, future studies should focus on drivers of their continued use.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, therapeutic study
AAOS Systematic Literature Review: Summary on the Management of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: McLaren Alexander C. , Lundy Douglas W.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this systematic review is to improve outcomes for the care of surgical site infections by presenting the current best evidence on important diagnostic and care issues. The findings led to ten recommendations and five consensus statements that address diagnosis and treatment of orthopaedic surgical site infections. There is strong evidence to supports anemia, obesity, HIV/AIDS, depression, dementia, immunosuppressive medications, duration of hospital stay, history of alcohol abuse, and history of congestive heart failure as factors that increased the risk of infection, some of which are modifiable before surgical intervention. Diagnostically, synovial fluid and tissue cultures were found to be strong “rule-in” tests for the diagnosis of infection, but negative synovial fluid and tissue cultures do not reliably exclude infection. C-reactive protein was found to be a strong rule-in and rule-out marker for patients with suspected surgical site infections. Therapeutically, only for patients with retained implants, antimicrobial protocols of 8 weeks of duration were found to be associated with outcomes that are not inferior to outcomes from protocols of 3- to 6-month duration. Also only for patients with retained implants, rifampin, used as a second antimicrobial, increases the probability of treatment success for staphylococcal infections. The surgical site infection work group identified a lack of high-level outcomes data, highlighting the need for high-quality clinical trials in the treatment of surgical site infections.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 11, No. 1
Authors: Bai Liam
Published: December 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2019
Receptive Vocabulary Size of Male and Female Saudi English Major Graduates
Authors: Alqarni Ibrahim R.
Published: December 2018

This study measured Saudi university students’ receptive vocabulary knowledge towards the end of their final semester. The subjects were 71 Saudi male and female students. The Vocabulary Levels Test, adopted from Nation’s (2008), was administered in this study. The test assesses learners’ receptive knowledge of word meaning at the following distinct vocabulary levels: the 2nd 1,000-word level, the 3rd 1,000-word level, the 5th 1,000-word level, the 10th 1,000-word level, and the Academic Word List (AWL). The results showed different participants’ performance at different word levels with decreasing mean scores as the frequency of word levels decreased. The results also showed, with no exception, that males outperformed females with statistically significant differences in all the five sections of the test. The participants’ average vocabulary size is approximately 876 and 799 words in the 2nd 1,000-word level, 436 and 355 words in the AWL, 725 and 590 words in the 3rd 1,000-word level, 580 and 477 words in the 5th 1,000-word level for males and females respectively. However, the average vocabulary size decreased dramatically in the 10th 1,000-word level to 254 words for males and 124 for females. Based on these findings, it is concluded that Saudi English Language and Translation university graduates, even with large vocabulary size in the high frequency bands, are generally still below the level of the desired vocabulary competency as EFL learners, and are in fact, in need for more support and concentration in their undergraduate study with regard to their vocabulary learning.
Modality in Editorials of Pakistani English Newspapers: A Corpus Based Study
Authors: Sadia Saba , Ghani Mamuna
Published: December 2018

Modality is an important grammatical expression which finds its expression in the editorial section of newspapers in Pakistan. Firstly, this paper deals with the analysis of “Modals” in English and highlights their nature and function. Secondly, it reports on which modal verbs are commonly used by the editors. Thirdly, it is focused on how the modal verbs in Pakistani English newspapers are used to manipulate readers’ opinion towards specific issues. For this purpose, a corpus of two Pakistani English newspapers: The Dawn and The News, equally divided by editors, was analyzed wielding concordance tool. The comparative analysis of these newspapers revealed that both the editors chose mainly predictive auxiliary modals such as will and would to the other types of modal. The predictive modal for The News suggested that prediction about the future “what will/would happen” was the major apprehension of the editorial writers. On the other hand, comparing the modals of obligation in the two newspapers, The Daily Dawn was more focused on solution—what should be done.
English Teachers’ Perceptions of Technology Integration: Are They Different From Their Peers in Engineering and Medical Science?
Authors: Bensalem Elias
Published: December 2018

The role played by subject areas in information and communication technology (ICT) integration has been insufficiently researched. This study compares English language teachers' perceptions of ICT integration with their peers in engineering and medical science in ICT integration. It also examines the effects of teachers’ sociobiographical variables (gender, age, computer proficiency, and years of teaching experience) predict teachers’ perceptions of ICT integration. A total of 180 teachers (112 males, 68 females) responded to a Teacher Technology Questionnaire (Lowther, Inan, Strahl, & Ross, 2008). Results show that among the predictor variables, computer skills had the highest relative impact on ICT integration. Furthermore, English language teachers' perceptions of ICT are reported to be similar to those of their peers in engineering and medical science. This study does not lend support to any significant role played by subject area in ICT integration. Implications for teaching are offered.
The Global Image of Shenzhen: A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Media Discourses
Authors: Hou Zhide
Published: December 2018

This article studies the media representations of Shenzhen’s global image by adopting the corpus-based critical discourse analysis. Previous studies mainly analyze the shaping, publicity and construction of Shenzhen’s image from the perspective of urban culture and development and news dissemination. However, media construction on the global image of Shenzhen is empirical and noticeable. The findings demonstrate favorable representations of Shenzhen’s image associated with technology powerhouse, manufacturing heartland, industrial boomtown, jewelry fair advantages and giant headquarters economy in general. Negative representations associated with Shenzhen Stock trading drop, landslide accident and Apple’s Foxconn problems are amplified in media discourses.
A Study of Trump’s Inaugural Speech and Its Chinese Version from the Perspective of Transitivity
Authors: Wang Donghui
Published: December 2018

In linguistics, Systemic Functional Linguistic School represented by Halliday has been having a great impact in the field of discourse analysis in the past 30 years and has become one of the important discourse analysis schools. As a significant part, transitivity reflects the ideational function in the systemic functional grammar and boasts a wide application in discourse analysis, such as in speeches. This paper has selected Trump’s inaugural speech and its Chinese version as a case study for sample and quantitative analysis of underlying textual features of political speeches from the perspective of Halliday’s transitivity, attempting to help readers get a better understanding of transitivity theory and features of political speeches, as well as consequently master the method of applying transitivity to political speeches. Furthermore, by way of a contrastive analysis of transitivity between Trump’s inaugural speech and its Chinese translation, it tries to delve into the translation strategies of political speeches, to guide practice translation of political speeches, to prove the applicability of transitivity in translation studies and to offer a creative angle for further researches.
A Comparison of Form-Focused and Meaning-Focused Instruction Types: A Study on Ishik University Students in Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Celik Bünyamin
Published: December 2018

Form-focused and meaning-focused instruction types entered the literature after the 1970s as a reaction to each other. More interestingly, there is a cycle of reactions to each other, which claim to complete the other’s shortcomings. In the middle of long-lasting discussions, this study aims to contribute to the field by making a comparison of the two terms. This research on students was done throughout seven weeks and the results were noted down. At the beginning of the survey, we applied an FCE test as pre-test and another FCE test at the end of the seven-week period as post-test. The underlying idea of such long survey is that we expect that in upper-intermediate level, students are in need of instructions from the teachers because the topics are much more complex than previous levels. During the survey, one group was given meaning -focused instruction and the other group was given form-focused instruction. The achievement of the students was measured both on vocabulary and grammar. At the end of seven weeks, both the grammar/vocabulary quiz results and the FCE results indicated a crucial difference on the development of two groups’ proficiency levels thanks to form-focused instruction.
Arabizi Among Kuwaiti Youths: Reshaping the Standard Arabic Orthography
Authors: Akbar Rahima
Published: December 2018

Arabizi is a trendy language phenomenon utilized by young Arabs to communicate across various social platforms. Young Kuwaitis seem to not be any exception in that regard. This paper aims mainly at investigating the linguistic features of Arabizi as produced by the young generation in Kuwait, and the reasons for which the practice has been persistent amongst the youth community. The main corpus data was collected from spontaneous WhatsApp chats of 35 young Kuwaiti respondents who provided 400 of their e-messages to be linguistically analyzed by the researcher. A digital questionnaire was also implemented to illicit respondents’ responses on the reasons for which young Kuwaitis use Arabizi in their e-messages. Due to the heterogeneity of the spontaneous corpus, supplemental data was provided from a story writing that was sent to the respondents to be re-written in the style they choose when they normally chat on WhatsApp. From a linguistic point of view, the study reveals a number of tendencies that place Arabizi as a unique method of communication with a profile that employs both transcription and transliteration in the way it represents its consonants vs. vowels, Kuwaiti dialectical phoneme shifts and the wide use of extralinguistic features. Intensive code-switching and mixing has also been displayed. The present study also signifies a number of sociolinguistic reasons for which Kuwaiti users of Arabizi employ the script in their e-communication across social platforms.
Textual and Rhetoric Analysis of News Headlines of Urdu and English Newspapers
Authors: Lodhi Muhammad Arfan , Mukhtar Sumera , Akhtar Shahnaz , Nafees Kishwer , Akhtar Naheed , Sajid Hafiz Muhammad
Published: December 2018

Media discourse is powerful tool of making or breaking the image of any person, event or even idea among masses. Media houses deliberately employ different linguistic, rhetoric and emotional techniques to propagate their ideas in this age of information as well as misinformation. This study attempts to scrutinize print media news headlines by relating how different newspapers show similar event in different ways. The study was exploratory in nature and qualitative methodology was used to determine sample, gather data and further analyze it with narrative interpretations. 06 Pakistani newspapers were selected with equal number of English and Urdu newspapers to determine the sample of the study in form of news headlines. Data was analyzed through the technique of content analysis at textual, discursive and social practice level. Findings divulge that there is significant difference of linguistic and discursive markers among headlines of different newspapers. Certain level of ideology, power and hegemony factors were also found in the news of different newspapers. The apparent reason for using different linguistic and contextual techniques is to create entertainment, sympathy, embarrassment or amusement in the minds of the readers.
An Investigation of Willingness to Communication in ESL Classroom: A Quantitative Study of Elementary Students in Pakistan
Authors: Kalyar Jan Muhammad , Pathan Habibullah , Channa Mansoor Ahmed , Lohar Shoukat Ali , Muhammad Jam Khan
Published: December 2018

This study investigates willingness to Communicate (WTC) in ESL classroom of elementary students of higher Secondary School Qazi Ahmed, Pakistan. This current study used close ended questionnaire, adopted from McCroskey (1992). The participants of the study belong to the higher Secondary School Qazi Ahmed. The current study has 300 participant from different grades like 100 learners from six grade, 100 from seven grades, and 100 participants belong to eight grades. These participants were all between11 year to 15 years of age. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 20 (statistical for social science) in order to find out the ratio and percentage of learners’ willingness to communication. The results revealed that a learner learns target language because he/she has to communicate with target community for different purposes. This study finds out the individual differences of learners’ willingness to communication (WTC) which is a basically free will for communication that promotes to the integrative motivation and some time, it prefers instrumental motivation to be used.
Ethnicity and the Pragmatic Strategies in American Christian Sermons
Authors: Mubarak Ahmed Sahib , Rahi Hawraa Jabbar
Published: December 2018

This study is concerned with the pragmatic aspects in American Christian sermons by White-American and African-American preachers. The study aims at detecting the noticeable differences between preachers in terms of the pragmatic strategies and tracing the social variable of ethnicity. The data under scrutiny are selected from official websites in forms of videos transcribed by the researchers and then analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The two types of analysis help the study to arrive at a variety of conclusions, the most central of which is there are considerable differences between the White-American and African-American preachers regarding their use of the pragmatic strategies. It also concludes that the social variable of ethnicity affects the African-American preachers more than their counterpart.
Vicissitudes of Aphasic Identity: Discourse Analysis Under James Paul Gee’s Identity Framework
Authors: Ali Nadir , Anwar Nadia
Published: December 2018

Patients with post-stroke aphasia experience inability to communicate fluently, which is associated with an injury in the language areas of the brain. While much literature is available on the impact of aphasia suffered by the patient on family and important others, there is a dearth of data concerning the aspects of identity construction of the patient after the disastrous consequences of aphasia disorder. A discourse analytical framework was used by employing James Paul Gee’s framework of identity perception with the aim of understanding the vicissitudes of identity in patients with aphasia. Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews of three participants and their partners. The interviews were video-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Paul Gee’s Toolkit of doing discourse analysis; including four perspectives of identity driven by nature, institution, discourse and affinity. All these aspects were recognised as a negative construction of identity after aphasia disorder except some instances of positive construction in Affinity-Identity. The study concluded that post-stroke reconstruction of identity was an important challenge for the patients, family and healthcare services. In most of the cases, this reconstruction was negatively managed by the patients with aphasia and people surrounding them. Therefore, the present study has suggested the need to develop physical and virtual aphasia groups, such as aphasia clubs, aphasia tea houses and Facebook/WhatsApp aphasia groups, so that patients with aphasia can construct a positive Affinity-Identity within their affinity groups and general identity in other aspects of life. Moreover, a sound and effective training is recommended at social level to sensitize people about patients with special needs.
A Collaborative Journey Toward Understanding the Role of Social Class in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Wiest Lynda R. , Brock Cynthia H. , Morton Constance M. , Colbert Monica N. , Linton Ryan J. , Herrera Brittany
Published: December 2018

One important area of development for educators at all levels is teaching students from diverse backgrounds, which includes attention to the important role of social class. In this reflective essay, two teacher educators and four students (two graduate, two undergraduate) examine the aspects of a course on social class and schooling that they perceive to have influenced favorable change in their learning and practice. Individual writings by the six participants at three checkpoints during and after the course generated four themes that the authors discuss in relation to the course content and pedagogy: salient content; effective instructional approaches; application of course material; and suggested improvements. Factors that contributed to course effectiveness included a focus on deep growth involving knowledge and dispositions; instructional methods that encouraged meaningful participant engagement and reflection in a “safe” classroom environment; and practical applications for course material. Suggested improvements centered on including direct engagement experiences and exploring individual course topics in greater depth.
The Comparison of the Functional Movement Screen Test Results of Volleyball National Team Players in Different Countries
Authors: Aka Hasan , Yılmaz Gürkan , Akarçeşme Cengiz , Altundağ Emre
Published: December 2018

This study was conducted to compare the functional movement patterns of female volleyball players from different countries. 34 the women’s volleyball national team athletes from three different countries participated in the study; Turkey (n=9), Azerbaijan (n=16) and Kyrgyzstan (n=9). Functional movement screen of the athletes were determined by the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test kit. The Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used for multiple comparisons from nonparametric tests in determining the difference between functional movement patterns of national teams. At the end of the study, it was determined that the FMS total scores of the teams were higher than 14 points which were considered as critical limits and there was no statistically significant difference between the FMS total scores of the teams (p<0.05). However, there were significant differences between the teams in the hurdle step, shoulder clearing test and shoulder mobility tests which formed the FMS test battery. As a conclusion, the fact that volleyball players in each country have more than 14 points of FMS total score, which is the critical limit, shows that volleyball players have low risk of injury. This may be related to the elite level of volleyball players and the implementation of correct training models.
Examination of the Attitudes of Adanaspor’s and Adana Demirspor’s Supporters Relevant to Fanaticism
Authors: ATASOY Murat
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research is to examine the behaviors of Adanaspor’s and Adana Demirspor’s supporters relevant to fanaticism, and to reveal factors causing partisanship and identification levels of partisanship with psycho-social aspects in the context of football fanaticism and supporter identity. The model of this study is screening. 160 supporters in total, as being 80 Adanaspor’s supporters and 80 Adana Demirspor’s supporters, are constituting the study group. In this study, Football Supporters Fanaticism Scale developed by Taşmektepli et al. (2014) has been used as data collection tool. The analysis of data has been performed by SPSS 22 packaged software. First, percentage and frequency analysis have been performed for age, educational background and profession information of each participant, and distribution (Sample K-S) and homogeneity (ANOVA) analyses have been performed in the determination of difference. As per the results of the research, while they are definitely agreeing with the judgments of “I get very angry at the comments of the speaker during live broadcasts which are against the team”, “I go to the stadium for watching my team’s matches”, “I go to the match with clothing and materials indicating the symbols of my team”, “I join all the cheering at the stadium”, “I try to make the individuals or children—who don’t support a team—the supporters of my team”, they are definitely not agreeing with the judgments of “I may throw foreign bodies to field when I get angry during the match”, “My team should try all the means including exceptions in order to win the match”, “I may sometimes enter the field if the game has gone off the rails”. The comparison of the teams that the supporters support and of their fanaticism attitudes has been made, and significant difference has been determined in favor of Adanaspor in the judgments of “I get very angry at the comments of the speaker during live broadcasts which are against the team” and “I go to the match with clothing and materials indicating the symbols of my team”.
Social Capital’s Effect on Physical Education and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction
Authors: Gültekin Okan
Published: December 2018

This study tested the impact of physical education (PE) teachers’ social capital on job satisfaction and explained levels of social capital for job satisfaction. Study participants were 210 PE teachers. The research methodology used the correlational survey model, and the instruments administered were the Social Capital Scale,and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. For conducting scales’ confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling, SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 17.0 software were used. The model’s goodness fit index was: RMSEA = 0.081; SRMR = 0.082; CMIN\DF = 2.523; GFI = 0.922; CFI = 0.923; AGFI = 0.843; NFI = 0.913; Chi squared = 2832.001; df = 976 and p = 0.000. According to these results, the model fit index reached an acceptable and desired level. The effect of social capital on job satisfaction and the rate of explaining job satisfaction were tested. In relation to the study’s first hypothesis, it was revealed that PE teachers’ social capital level and job satisfaction were positively and significantly affected. In regard to the second hypothesis, there was a significant relationship between social capital levels and PE teachers’ job satisfaction. The study’s most significant finding was that social capital significantly predicted PE teachers’ job satisfaction.
The Emotional Climate Scale: Understanding Emotions, Context and Justice
Authors: Washington Ernest , Zandvakili Elham
Published: December 2018

The Emotional Climate Scale (ECS) was used to study the emotional responses of minority and majority elementary school students to different settings within their schools. The ECS applies a 7 point Likert scale to assess the emotions of anger, sadness, anxiety, loneliness, calmness, excitement, happiness, and hope in the school settings of the school bus, the playground, the principal office as well as the English, mathematics, social studies, and science classes. Minority children are significantly happier and lonelier on the bus and they are also more excited, angry and lonely in English classes than their white peers. In math classes minority children are more excited but lonelier. On the playground minority children are significantly sadder than majority children. In the principal’s office, minority children are significantly calmer than majority children. In science, minority children were significantly more excited and hopeful. In social studies minority children were also more excited. In the gym, there were no significant differences between majority and minority children. Excitement and happiness are the two positive emotions are preferred and appropriate for all classes. A key question raised by the ECS is the question “Is this school fair to minority children?” The presence of loneliness, sadness, and anger are troubling indicators of something that is not right in this school.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Psychological Capital Perception, Psychological Well-Being and Job Satisfaction of Teachers
Authors: Kurt Neslihan , Demirbolat Ayşe Ottekin
Published: December 2018

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between psychological capital, psychological well-being and job satisfaction of teachers. The research is a descriptive study in relational screening model. The research model includes three variables; one independent variable (psychological capital) and other two dependent variables (job satisfaction and psychological well-being). In the structural model, job satisfaction variable may also be expressed as mediator variable. The study population consists of 12714 teachers working in official secondary schools in seven central districts in Ankara Province in 2017-2018 academic year. Sample of the population is selected by multi-stage sampling method. Stratified sampling method is used in the first stage and simple random sampling method is used in the second stage. Sample size is calculated as at least 384 teachers. In the research, Psychological Capital Scale developed by Luthans, Youssef & Avolio (2007b); Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire developed by Weiss, Dawis, Lofquist & England (1967) and Psychological Well-Being Scale developed by Ryff (1989) were used as data collection tools. Scales which are pre-implemented within the scope of the research yielded valid and reliable results. Data analysis was done with SPSS 23.0 and LISREL 8.87 statistics software packages. According to the results obtained from the research, it was determined that teachers’ psychological capital perception was “good” and their job satisfaction and psychological well-being are “high”. According to the results of the analysis by means of structural equality modelling, it was determined that teachers’ psychological capital perception affects their job satisfaction and psychological well-being levels positively and predicts them significantly; and it was also determined that job satisfaction has a partial mediator role in the relationship between teachers’ psychological capital perception and their psychological well-being.
The Extent of Possession of Knowledge Management Requirements Among the Principals of Public Secondary Schools in Mafraq Governorate
Authors: Khuzam Tarad A. Al
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to identify the extent of possession of knowledge management requirements among the principals of public secondary schools in Mafraq Governorate. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the study population will consist of all school principals in Mafraq Governorate in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for the academic year 2018, namely: (120) male and female principals at undergraduate levels and (150) male and female principals at postgraduate levels, i.e. (145) male principals, and (125) female principals, leading them to represent the study sample. To achieve the objectives of the study and answer its questions, the researcher formatted a 20-item questionnaire.

The researcher conducted an explanation of the results using the descriptive approach, where he used the arithmetic means, the standard deviations and the T tests to determine the significance of the differences according to the variables of the study. The results showed that the extent of possession of knowledge management requirements among the principals of public secondary schools in Mafraq Governorate was in a high degree. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 or less due to the difference of academic qualification for the postgraduate qualification. The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 or less due to the difference of gender.

In the light of the previous results, the researcher recommended working to increase the training workshops for school principals and employees to make the process of knowledge management succeed and get use of it in the field of education, benefit from the information and communication revolution in the field of education, implement the knowledge management strategy as received from the Ministry of Education and train all concerned on its terms and contents, especially those with a bachelor's degree only, work to link schools to each other with electronic interacting networks for its significance and exchange of experiences, and raise the efficiency of staff in schools in general to be able to follow up everything that is new in the world of knowledge and technology.
A brief survey of bryological studies in the Subantarctic, including Macrocoma tenue (Orthotrichaceae), a moss genus and species newly found in Îles Kerguelen
Authors: Bednarek-Ochyra Halina , Plášek Vítězslav , Guo Shui-Liang
Published: December 2018

Studies on the bryophyte flora of the Southern Ocean islands and in the Antarctic are briefly reviewed and the current state of knowledge of the moss flora of Îles Kerguelen is discussed. Macrocoma tenue (Hook. & Grev.) Vitt is recorded from the Îles Kerguelen archipelago and this constitutes the first record of the genus Macrocoma (Müll. Hal.) Grout from the Subantarctic. The local plants of the species are characterized and illustrated and their ecology is discussed. Global distribution of M. tenue is reviewed and mapped. It is suggested that the type subspecies of M. tenue is a Gondwanan relictual taxon, which could have evolved on this supercontinent prior to its break-up and, subsequently, it reached Îles Kerguelen where it survived during the Pleistocene glacial epoch.
Short-term monitoring of Arctic trace metal contamination based on Cetrariella delisei bioindicator in Svalbard
Authors: Wegrzyn Michal Hubert , Wietrzyk-Pełka Paulina , Nicia Paweł , Lehmann-Konera Sara , Olech Maria
Published: December 2018

This study focuses on short-term monitoring of trace metals in the Svalbard archipelago. Short-term studies using lichen bioindicators are important because temporary changes in lichen trace metal levels are mainly dependent on air pollutants. Here, we investigated temporal and spatial differences in the content of trace metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn measured in the lichen thalli of Cetrariella delisei. The temporal aspect was studied in the marine plain of Calypsostranda between 1988 and 2016 and that of Hornsundneset between 1985 and 2008. The spatial aspect was studied between Hornsundneset in 1985 and Calypsostranda in 1988 as well as between Hornsundneset in 2008 and Calypsostranda in 2016. The results revealed an increase in the concentration of Cr, Mn, Ni, and Co for both the aspects, while a decrease in the contents of Cu, Cd, and Mo was observed. Pb content varied, as Pb level increased with time in Hornsundneset but decreased in Calypsostranda. The Zn content showed no significant changes in both temporal and spatial aspects.
The effects of methanesulfonic acid on seed germination and morphophysiological changes in the seedlings of two Colobanthus species
Authors: Koc Justyna , Wasilewski Janusz , Androsiuk Piotr , Kellmann-Sopyła Wioleta , Chwedorzewska Katarzyna Joanna , Giełwanowska Irena
Published: December 2018

The effect of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) on the morphophysiology and biochemistry of the subantarctic species Colobanthus apetalus and the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis was examined. We evaluated the effects of various concentrations of MSA on the germination capacity and germination rate of seeds, seedling growth, chlorophyll fluorescence in cotyledons, and the proline content of seedlings under laboratory conditions at temperatures of 20°C (day) and 10°C (night) with a 12/12 h photoperiod. The examined C. apetalus seeds were grown in a greenhouse, and C. quitensis seeds were harvested in Antarctica and grown in a greenhouse (Olsztyn, Poland). The seeds of C. apetalus were characterized by the highest germination capacity and the highest germination rate, whereas C. quitensis seedlings were characterized by the most favorable growth and development. Only the highest concentrations of MSA decreased the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence in the cotyledons of both Colobanthus species. The proline content of C. apetalus and C. quitensis seedlings increased significantly after MSA treatments. The results of this study clearly indicated that Colobanthus quitensis is more resistant to chemical stress induced by MSA. This is a first study to investigate the influence of MSA on the morphophysiology and biochemistry of higher plants.
Internal structure and photosynthetic performance of Nostoc sp. colonies in the high Arctic
Authors: Kvíderová Jana
Published: December 2018

The physiological performance of Nostoc sp. colonies in the high Arctic was investigated based on their structure and function. To investigate the internal colony structure, a method based on vertical stacking of individual light microscopy images was tested under the conditions at a polar field station. The physiological state of sun-exposed and shaded surfaces of the colonies was assessed using variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging under two distinct low- and high-light conditions. The 3D image of the internal structure of the colonies revealed a high number of cells in the central part of the colony. Two peaks of maximum cell density were observed, probably caused by two overlapping colony lobes or subcolonies. Light was the driving factor of photosynthetic activity, and the colony structure played a role in the rate of response to incoming light. Fluorescence imaging revealed heterogeneity of the photosynthetic activity in the colonies, with the maximum photosynthetic activity at the colony edge due to better access to nutrients. The differences between exposed and shaded surfaces were not as pronounced as was expected, either due to good photoacclimation to a broad range of light conditions, light distribution through translucent extracellular matrixes, or integration of fluorescence signals throughout the colonies. The slightly better photosynthetic performance under high light conditions may indicate photoacclimation of Nostoc sp. to a broad range of light conditions encountered in the field.
The lichenicolous fungi of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: species diversity and identification guide
Authors: Alstrup Vagn , Olech Maria , Wietrzyk-Pełka Paulina , Węgrzyn Michał Hubert
Published: December 2018

This paper contributes 96 species to the biota of lichenicolous fungi in the South Shetland Islands archipelago. New to science are the following genera: Antarctosphaeria Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Dahawkswia Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Lichenohostes Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Llanorella Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Phaeosporodendron Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., and Prostratomyces Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov. Additionally, 31 species are described as new to science. These are: Antarctosphaeria bireagens Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Arthonia dufayelensis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. livingstonensis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. massalongiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. pertusariicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. rakusae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Carbonea austroshetlandica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Cercidospora pertusariicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dactylospora antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., D. haematommatis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dahawkswia lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dendrophoma acarosporae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Didymellopsis antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Lichenohostes citrinospora Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Lichenostigma corymbosae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Llanorella ramalinae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Metasphaeria verrucosa Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Micarea lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phaeospora antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. convolutae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phaeosporodendron badiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phoma acarosporae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Prostratomyces leprariae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. ochrolechiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. rhizocarpicolae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Rhagadostoma antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Sphaerellothecium placopsiicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Stigmidium placopsiicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Taeniolella frigidae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., and Tetramelas caloplacae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov. Furthermore, a literature survey was undertaken, which resulted in the preparation of an identification guide for the lichenicolous species occurring in the South Shetlands Islands.
The first attempt to list the archaeophytes of Iceland
Authors: Wąsowicz Paweł
Published: December 2018

This article presents for the first time a list of the possible archaeophytes from Iceland. In the present study, all the flowering plant taxa that are considered native/long established in Iceland were assessed against criteria designed to recognize possible archaeophytes. The assessment resulted in a list of 39 taxa meeting (or possibly meeting) at least one research criterion. Nineteen taxa were classified as possible archaeophytes, 10 were classified as non-natives of unknown age (due to the inability to classify them as neither archaeophytes nor neophytes using the available data), while the remaining 10 species were classified as uncertain (doubtfully native). The limitations of the present study in terms of both the methodology and the uncertainties connected with the classification of individual taxa are discussed.