bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration: Relationship International Trade Policy Reform and Foreign Trade in Vietnam
Authors: Thao Do Thi , Jian Hua Zhang
Published: July 2016

Starting from in 1986, Vietnam began economic reforms, from an economy centrally planned economy to market-oriented socialist where the government still playing a leading role. The breakthrough in policy reform has succeeded in creating faster economic growth and improving people’s living standards. Among the policy reforms since renovation, trade policy is the most important ones and has great impacts not only on Vietnam’s foreign trade activity but also the whole economy. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact of reforms in trade policy on Vietnam’s foreign trade, the achievements and the limitations still exist after implement the reform of trade policy. Also, together with the mention of the content and the process of trade policy reform in Vietnam. Finally, it proposes some suggestions to improve Vietnam’s trade policy.
Study of Orientation and News Coverage about Daesh Crisis in Websites of IRNA, BBC and Voice of America
Authors: Yarmohammadi Hamidreza , Ahmadi Hajimohammad
Published: July 2016

This paper, entitled “Study of orientation and news coverage about Daesh crisis by websites of IRNA, BBC Persian and Voice of America”, comparatively explores structure and how to cover news in websites of IRNA, BBC Persian and the voice of America. The paper is conducted in descriptive-analytical method and by the way of content analysis. Data has been studied in library method. Survey and examination of existing documents as well as analysis of the content of news websites are presented in descriptive tables. The type of organization and how to cover news differ in three websites of BBC and IRNA, Voice of America. Every three websites have specifically emphasized on the element “who’’, “news value’’ and “fame’’, indicating their person-oriented and talk orientation. Finally, it was concluded that most published news are “non-productive’’ in three websites, however IRNA’s portion is more than others. Conceptually, the issue of Daesh group resistance, the employment of Jihadi groups, the effort to manifest Daesh an Islamic group, introducing Daesh governmental philosophy as an Islamic government and not mentionning to its terrorist nature has been under survey and attention of these three websites. The focus of IRNA and Voice of America is mostly on “hard news’’ but BBC concentrates on “soft news’’ or reflection of events along with complementary information. Publication of “photo’’ has been used as interactive and multi-media facilities by news websites. Unlike IRNA, websites of BBC and Voice of America have highly made use of Email and links to topics and relevant websites.
The Pharmaceutical Care in Asthma—Polish and Global Perspective
Authors: Swieczkowski Damian , Poniatowski Patryk , Merks Piotr , Jaguszewski Milosz
Published: July 2016

The pharmaceutical care is a pharmacist’s contribution to the care of individual patients and leads to optimize the use of drugs. The pharmaceutical care may improve adherence, clinical effectiveness of providing therapy and improve the health-related quality of life. The conducted literature review confirmed that pharmaceutical care and advanced pharmaceutical services are clinical effective in asthma. The implementation of pharmaceutical care under Polish conditions is currently insufficient and remains challenging for the future. Herein we should admit, that the polish government has recently put an effort to appoint specially dedicated team establishing a program of reimbursed pharmaceutical care. This move should be considered as a new phase for amendments community pharmacy in Poland. The experience of different health care systems, including for instance United Kingdom, Australia or Canada, might be used in the process of changing Polish perspective. Herein, we have reviewed the literature and highlighted the services creating the program of pharmaceutical care in asthma. This unique work describes the complex nature of optimal pharmaceutical services emphasizing the strong necessity of multidimensional approach in this field.
Russia and the Vulnerability of Electoral Authoritarianism?
Authors: Gill Graeme
Published: July 2016

The notion of electoral authoritarianism emerged in the post-cold war world to refer to authoritarian systems that used seemingly democratic electoral means to stabilize non-democratic systems. This was achieved through the production of massive electoral majorities for the ruling party. However an element of uncertainty remains with such elections in that the ruling party may be either defeated or suffer a significant electoral rebuff. Such events are usually seen in terms of the loss of voter support for the party, but as the Russian case shows, this may be better seen as evidence of a basic malfunction of the electoral authoritarian mechanism itself.
Appropriate Use of Vancomycin in NICU Despite Free-for-All Policy
Authors: Hammer Benjamin M. , Lardieri Allison B. , Morgan Jill A.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVES: Because of increases in antimicrobial resistance, the use of vancomycin in late-onset sepsis has come under scrutiny. The primary outcome of this study was to determine if vancomycin for the treatment of late-onset sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was being discontinued within 72 hours according to the existing protocol. Secondary outcomes included the appropriateness of therapeutic drug monitoring associated with vancomycin, and renal dysfunction associated with the use of vancomycin in the NICU outside of the 72-hour policy.

METHODS: A retrospective chart review was completed for patients in the NICU who received vancomycin for the treatment of late-onset sepsis between the dates of January 1, 2014, and July 1, 2014.

RESULTS: There were 125 vancomycin treatment courses, of which 97 were included. Appropriate use of vancomycin, per policy, occurred in a total of 87 of 97 courses (89.6%). Therapeutic drug monitoring was evaluated by the number of appropriate troughs, determined using renal function and previous trough concentrations. There was not a statistically significant difference in the number of inappropriate troughs drawn between those that were continued on vancomycin appropriately (n = 17 courses; 4 of 44 inappropriate troughs) versus inappropriately (n = 10 courses; 1 of 22 inappropriate troughs; p = 0.66), despite the large number of troughs drawn. Adverse renal outcomes were not statistically significant in patients continued inappropriately on vancomycin (p = 1.0).

CONCLUSIONS: Vancomycin use in the NICU for late-onset sepsis is appropriate per the existing antibiotic policy. Therapeutic drug monitoring could be improved, and adverse renal outcomes due to inappropriate continuation of vancomycin are rare.
Medications for Children: A Survey of Community Pharmacists
Authors: Rashid Alina R. , Duffett Mark
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Seamless and safe discharge of children from hospital requires successful collaboration with community pharmacists, for whom pediatrics is often a small part of their practice.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to understand community pharmacists' comfort level and confidence in providing care for children.

METHODS: We conducted a self-administered online survey of community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada. Respondents rated their comfort and confidence on a scale of 1 to 7 in each of 3 scenarios: oral morphine, prednisone, and amoxicillin. We also evaluated the relationship between participants' comfort level and demographics.

RESULTS: We included 622 responses (377 completed and 245 partially completed surveys). A total of 182 participants (48%) were female, 271 participants (72%) had children of their own, and they had practiced pharmacy for a median (interquartile range) of 19 (5–28) years. The percentage of respondents who were comfortable (5–7 on a 7-point scale) with filling the prescriptions as written was 64% for morphine, 58% for prednisone, and 61% for amoxicillin and was not different among the scenarios. Having children was associated with increased comfort (p = 0.02), whereas other demographic variables were not. Compared to the amoxicillin scenario, pharmacists reported being significantly more likely to choose another course of action for prednisone (p = 0.01) but not for morphine (p = 0.25). Although 428 pharmacists (70%) agreed that they maintained adequate knowledge of pediatric topics, 558 (91%) were interested in more education.

CONCLUSIONS: Variability exists in the confidence and comfort levels of community pharmacists when dealing with children, and many are not comfortable with the common prescriptions in this survey.
Metabolic Acidosis with Ophthalmic Dorzolamide in a Neonate
Authors: Capino Amanda C. , Dannaway Douglas C. , Miller Jamie L.
Published: July 2016

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a common cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis; however, development is less commonly associated with ophthalmic administration of these agents. We report a case of a premature neonate who was being treated at our institution with betaxolol, dorzolamide, and latanoprost ophthalmic products for suspected bilateral congenital glaucoma. In addition, the patient was also receiving caffeine, ursodiol, and acidified liquid human milk fortifier. The patient developed a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, and both dorzolamide ophthalmic solution and the acidified human milk fortifier were considered potential causes. Upon discontinuation of the dorzolamide ophthalmic solution and the switching of liquid human milk fortifiers, the normal anion gap metabolic acidosis gradually resolved. As a result of the pH and acidity, the acidified liquid human milk fortifier is thought to be associated with an anion gap acidosis; therefore, dorzolamide is suspected to be the primary cause of a normal gap acidosis. This case demonstrates that systemic effects can occur with ophthalmic administration of dorzolamide in a premature neonate. Ophthalmic agents should not be overlooked as a potential cause of systemic toxicity.
A EVOLUÇÃO DA LEGISLAÇÃO RELACIONADA À DIGITALIZAÇÃO E AOS DOCUMENTOS DIGITAIS NO ÂMBITO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA FEDERAL
Authors: Lima Eliseu Dos Santos , Flores Daniel
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a evolução da normatização acerca dos procedimentos relacionados à conversão de documentos físicos para o meio digital (digitalização) e aos documentos arquivísticos digitais no âmbito da Administração Pública Federal, sob o viés da legislação nacional sobre a matéria, bem como através das Resoluções aprovadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Arquivos - CONARQ que orientam e estabelecem diretrizes a serem seguidas pelos órgãos e entidades integrantes do Sistema Nacional de Arquivos – SINAR. Nesse sentido, constata-se que a legislação sobre essa questão, embora recente, embasa e promove o direcionamento para que as instituições integrantes do SINAR desenvolvam programas de gestão de documentos de arquivo voltados aos documentos digitais e digitalizados, pois regulamenta e estabelece procedimentos à gestão dos documentos digitais desde a produção, a tramitação em sistemas informatizados, a preservação digital e a guarda em repositórios arquivísticos digitais confiáveis, além de estabelecer parâmetros para garantir a autenticidade, a integridade, a confiabilidade e a disponibilidade, o que garantirá a preservação e o acesso contínuo a esses documentos a longo prazo.
HISTÓRICO E PERSPECTIVAS ACERCA DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL DO SERVIDOR PÚBLICO FEDERAL
Authors: Oliveira Jefferson Menezes de , Grohmann Márcia Zampieri
Published: July 2016

O presente ensaio teórico tem por intuito apresentar uma retrospectiva acerca das principais mudanças ocorridas na previdência social dos servidores públicos federais, com foco na exposição das regras e alterações nas concessões de aposentadoria e pensão civil trazidas a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Com a análise histórica, foi possível delinear algumas perspectivas que envolvem a temática: a previdência social brasileira encaminha-se em direção a um regime único, onde as legislações aplicáveis aos servidores públicos, cada vez mais, assemelham-se aos normativos aplicados aos trabalhadores da iniciativa privada. Nesse sentido, o fim da integralidade e paridade de benefícios, o cálculo dos proventos por média aritmética e sua limitação ao valor do teto do RGPS são evidências significativas.
Careers in Water: The Academic Water Professional
Authors: Haas Charles N.
Published: July 2016

A career in academics does not mean isolation from practice. In fact, most academic professionals provide a wealth of knowledge, research, and experience within the university halls and outside in the water industry field.
Public Health and Water: A Career Connection
Authors: Smith Charlotte D.
Published: July 2016

A recognized leader in the drinking water sector celebrates colleagues who have helped shape her path, and she looks forward to the future leaders whose path she is helping to shape.
Retention of mothers and infants in the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV programme is associated with individual and facility‐level factors in Rwanda
Authors: Woelk Godfrey B , Ndatimana Dieudonne , Behan Sally , Mukaminega Martha , Nyirabahizi Epiphanie , Hoffman Heather J , Mugwaneza Placidie , Ribakare Muhayimpundu , Amzel Anouk , Phelps B Ryan
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Investigate levels of retention at specified time periods along the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) cascade among mother‐infant pairs as well as individual‐ and facility‐level factors associated with retention.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of HIV‐positive pregnant women and their infants attending five health centres from November 2010 to February 2012 in the Option B programme in Rwanda was established. Data were collected from several health registers and patient follow‐up files. Additionally, informant interviews were conducted to ascertain health facility characteristics. Generalized estimating equation methods and modelling were utilized to estimate the number of mothers attending each antenatal care visit and assess factors associated with retention.

Results

Data from 457 pregnant women and 462 infants were collected at five different health centres (three urban and two rural facilities). Retention at 30 days after registration and retention at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post‐delivery were analyzed. Based on an analytical sample of 348, we found that 58% of women and 81% of infants were retained in care within the same health facility at 12 months post‐delivery, respectively. However, for mother‐infant paired mothers, retention at 12 months was 74% and 79% for their infants. Loss to facility occurred early, with 26% to 33% being lost within 30 days post‐registration. In a multivariable model retention was associated with being married, adjusted relative risk (ARR): 1.26, (95% confidence intervals: 1.11, 1.43); antiretroviral therapy eligible, ARR: 1.39, (1.12, 1.73) and CD4 count per 50 mm3, ARR: 1.02, (1.01, 1.03).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate varying retention levels among mother‐infant pairs along the PMTCT cascade in addition to potential determinants of retention to such programmes. Unmarried, apparently healthy, HIV‐positive pregnant women need additional support for programme retention. With the significantly increased workload resulting from lifelong antiretroviral treatment for all HIV‐positive pregnant women, strategies need to be developed to identify, provide support and trace these women at risk of loss to follow‐up. This study provides further evidence for the need for such a targeted supportive approach.
Factors associated with long‐term antiretroviral therapy attrition among adolescents in rural Uganda: a retrospective study
Authors: Okoboi Stephen , Ssali Livingstone , Yansaneh Aisha I , Bakanda Celestin , Birungi Josephine , Nantume Sophie , Okullu Joanne Lyavala , Sharp Alana R , Moore David M , Kalibala Samuel
Published: July 2016

Introduction

As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases, the success of treatment programmes depends on ensuring high patient retention in HIV care. We examined retention and attrition among adolescents in ART programmes across clinics operated by The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Uganda, which has operated both facility‐ and community‐based distribution models of ART delivery since 2004.

Methods

Using a retrospective cohort analysis of patient‐level clinical data, we examined attrition and retention in HIV care and factors associated with attrition among HIV‐positive adolescents aged 10–19 years who initiated ART at 10 TASO clinics between January 2006 and December 2011. Retention in care was defined as the proportion of adolescents who had had at least one facility visit within the six months prior to 1 June 2013, and attrition was defined as the proportion of adolescents who died, were lost to follow‐up, or stopped treatment. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the levels of retention in HIV care and the factors associated with attrition following ART initiation.

Results

A total of 1228 adolescents began ART between 2006 and 2011, of whom 57% were female. The median duration in HIV care was four years (IQR=3–6 years). A total of 792 (65%) adolescents were retained in care over the five‐year period; 36 (3%) had died or transferred out and 400 (32%) were classified as loss to follow‐up. Factors associated with attrition included being older (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.86), having a higher CD4 count (250+ cells/mm3) at treatment initiation (AHR=0.49, 95% CI 0.34–0.69) and HIV care site with a higher risk of attrition among adolescents in Gulu (AHR=2.26; 95% CI 1.27–4.02) and Masindi (AHR=3.30, 95% CI 1.87–5.84) and a lower risk of attrition in Jinja (AHR=0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.70). Having an advanced WHO clinical stage at initiation was not associated with attrition.

Conclusions

We found an overall retention rate of 65%, which is comparable to rates achieved by TASO's adult patients and adolescents in other studies in Africa. Variations in the risk of attrition by TASO treatment site and by clinical and demographic characteristics suggest the need for early diagnosis of HIV infection, use of innovative approaches to reach and retain adolescents living with HIV in treatment and identifying specific groups, such as older adolescents, that are at high risk of dropping out of treatment for targeted care and support.
Opportunities and challenges in conducting secondary analysis of HIV programmes using data from routine health information systems and personal health information
Authors: Gloyd Stephen , Wagenaar Bradley H , Woelk Godfrey B , Kalibala Samuel
Published: July 2016

Introduction

HIV programme data from routine health information systems (RHIS) and personal health information (PHI) provide ample opportunities for secondary data analysis. However, these data pose unique opportunities and challenges for use in health system monitoring, along with process and impact evaluations.

Methods

Analyses focused on retrospective case reviews of four of the HIV‐related studies published in this JIAS supplement. We identify specific opportunities and challenges with respect to the secondary analysis of RHIS and PHI data.

Results

Challenges working with both HIV‐related RHIS and PHI included missing, inconsistent and implausible data; rapidly changing indicators; systematic differences in the utilization of services; and patient linkages over time and different data sources. Specific challenges among RHIS data included numerous registries and indicators, inconsistent data entry, gaps in data transmission, duplicate registry of information, numerator‐denominator incompatibility and infrequent use of data for decision‐making. Challenges specific to PHI included the time burden for busy providers, the culture of lax charting, overflowing archives for paper charts and infrequent chart review.

Conclusions

Many of the challenges that undermine effective use of RHIS and PHI data for analyses are related to the processes and context of collecting the data, excessive data requirements, lack of knowledge of the purpose of data and the limited use of data among those generating the data. Recommendations include simplifying data sources, analysis and reporting; conducting systematic data quality audits; enhancing the use of data for decision‐making; promoting routine chart review linked with simple patient tracking systems; and encouraging open access to RHIS and PHI data for increased use.
Constitutive turnover of histone H2A.Z at yeast promoters requires the preinitiation complex
Authors: Tramantano Michael , Sun Lu , Au Christy , Labuz Daniel , Liu Zhimin , Chou Mindy , Shen Chen , Luk Ed
Published: July 2016

The assembly of the preinitiation complex (PIC) occurs upstream of the +1 nucleosome which, in yeast, obstructs the transcription start site and is frequently assembled with the histone variant H2A.Z. To understand the contribution of the transcription machinery in the disassembly of the +1 H2A.Z nucleosome, conditional mutants were used to block PIC assembly. A quantitative ChIP-seq approach, which allows detection of global occupancy change, was employed to measure H2A.Z occupancy. Blocking PIC assembly resulted in promoter-specific H2A.Z accumulation, indicating that the PIC is required to evict H2A.Z. By contrast, H2A.Z eviction was unaffected upon depletion of INO80, a remodeler previously reported to displace nucleosomal H2A.Z. Robust PIC-dependent H2A.Z eviction was observed at active and infrequently transcribed genes, indicating that constitutive H2A.Z turnover is a general phenomenon. Finally, sites with strong H2A.Z turnover precisely mark transcript starts, providing a new metric for identifying cryptic and alternative sites of initiation.
Development of nanoscale Ni-embedded single-wall carbon nanotubes by electroless plating for transparent conductive electrodes of 375 nm AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Park Jun-Beom , Park Hyung-Jo , Bae Hyojung , Jeong Tak , Han Jong-Hun , Kwak Joon Seop , Ha Jun-Seok
Published: July 2016

We propose a nanoscale Ni-embedded single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composite for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) of AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs). TCEs specifically for the ultraviolet region were developed using Ni selectively electroless-plated SWCNTs. The nanoscale Ni of TCEs improved electrical conductivity and formed ohmic contact with p-GaN while minimizing transmittance loss. We applied Ni-embedded SWCNTs, SWCNTs, and Ni/Au to the TCEs of 375 nm UV LEDs. UV LEDs with Ni-embedded SWCNTs showed a 32% higher output power than UV LEDs with conventional Ni/Au TCEs.
The influence of Pacific Equatorial Water on fish diversity in the southern California Current System
Authors: McClatchie Sam , Thompson Andrew R. , Alin Simone R. , Siedlecki Samantha , Watson William , Bograd Steven J.
Published: July 2016

The California Undercurrent transports Pacific Equatorial Water (PEW) into the Southern California Bight from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. PEW is characterized by higher temperatures and salinities, with lower pH, representing a source of potentially corrosive (aragonite,
) water to the region. We use ichthyoplankton assemblages near the cores of the California Current and the California Undercurrent to determine whether PEW influenced fish diversity. We use hydrographic data to characterize the interannual and seasonal variability of estimated pH and aragonite saturation with depth. Although there is substantial variability in PEW presence as measured by spice on the 26.25–26.75 isopycnal layer, as well as in pH and aragonite saturation, we found fish diversity to be stable over the decades 1985–1996 and 1999–2011. We detected significant difference in species structure during the 1998 La Niña period, due to reduced species evenness. Species richness due to rare species was higher during the 1997/1998 El Niño compared to the La Niña but the effect on species structure was undetectable. Lack of difference in the species abundance structure in the decade before and after the 1997/1999 ENSO event showed that the assemblage reverted to its former structure following the ENSO perturbation, indicating resilience. While the interdecadal species structure remained stable, the long tail of the distributions shows that species richness increased between the decades consistent with intrusion of warm water with more diverse assemblages into the southern California region.
Control of High Quality SrVO3 Electrode in Oxidizing Atmosphere
Authors: Bérini Bruno , Demange Valérie , Bouttemy Muriel , Popova Elena , Keller Niels , Dumont Yves , Fouchet Arnaud
Published: July 2016

SrVO3 (SVO) is a model system for strongly correlated oxides and is highly promising as conductive layer in heterostructures. Therefore, the control of electronic properties and morphology are essential for the advanced applications. Here, the oxygen stability during and after the deposition is explored, as SVO film is expected to undergo different postdeposition thermal and atmosphere treatments during its integration in a heterostructure. Hence, the influence of oxygen stability on morphology and electrical properties of the metallic SrVO3 grown by pulsed laser deposition has been investigated. Films grown under vacuum (SrVO3−

δ
) exhibit a very smooth surface while films grown under higher oxygen pressure roughen and present nanostructures at the surface. These nanostructures are found to be of Sr3V2O8 phase and their apparition can be controlled by the oxygen supply. Subsequent thermal treatments at different temperatures under same oxygen pressure prevent formation of the Sr3V2O8 phase, lead to the stoichiometric SrVO3, and thus improve the transport properties. In this study is shown the extreme sensitivity of SVO to oxygen and the conditions to obtain high quality smooth SVO films with improved electrical properties for electrode application.
L2–Optimal Fopdt Models of High–Order Transfer Functions
Authors: Casagrande Daniele , Krajewski Wieslaw , Viaro Umberto
Published: July 2016

Necessary conditions for theL2optimality of a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model of a high‐order plant are derived using classic analytic function theory. They are expressed as a set of three nonlinear equations that partly resemble the interpolation conditions valid for rational approximation. From these conditions a simple procedure to find the optimal FOPDT model is obtained. Examples taken from the relevant literature are worked out to show the performance of the method in comparison with alternative techniques.
Kinetic Analysis of the Hydrocarbon Total Oxidation Using Individually Measured Adsorption Isotherms
Authors: Kiedorf Gregor , Wolff Tanya , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas , Hamel Christof
Published: July 2016

The partial and total oxidation of C2H4, C3H6 separately and in mixtures, and CO on a CrOx/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst was studied to describe the reaction kinetics. Based on catalytic cycles mechanistic kinetic models of all reactions were derived. For reduction of adjustable parameters individually measured adsorption isotherms were used to parameterize adsorption constants in the kinetic models. The complex reaction network was decomposed in three sub‐networks to support parameter estimation, to quantify and validate kinetic rate approaches. The best fit for hydrocarbon reactions was achieved by an Eley‐Rideal and for CO by a Mars‐van Krevelen approach.
Flex5Gware: Flexible and efficient hardware and software platforms for 5G network elements and devices
Authors: Payaró Miquel , Färber Michael , Vlacheas Panagiotis , Bartzoudis Nikolaos , Tillman Fredrik , Ferling Dieter , Berg Vincent , Rautio Tapio , Serrano Pablo , Sabella Dario
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the Flex5Gware project, whose goal is to deliver highly reconfigurable hardware (HW) platforms and HW‐agnostic software (SW) platforms for 5G network elements and terminal devices. Flex5Gware will enable 5G HW/SW platforms to meet the requirements imposed by the growth in mobile traffic and the diversity of applications by increasing their capacity, reducing their energy footprint and enhancing their scalability and modularity. To put in place this vision in this early stage of 5G PPP research, Flex5Gware is designing and prototyping key building blocks of 5G HW/SW platforms. In particular, the developed technologies will be evaluated and demonstrated with proofs‐of‐concept by the end of the project. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tubular, lactating, and ductal adenomas are devoid of MED12 Exon2 mutations, and ductal adenomas show recurrent mutations in GNAS and the PI3K–AKT pathway
Authors: Volckmar Anna‐Lena , Leichsenring Jonas , Flechtenmacher Christa , Pfarr Nicole , Siebolts Udo , Kirchner Martina , Budczies Jan , Bockmayr Michael , Ridinger Kathrin , Lorenz Katja , Herpel Esther , Noske Aurelia , Weichert Wilko , Klauschen Frederick , Schirmacher Peter , Penzel Roland , Endris Volker , Stenzinger Albrecht
Published: July 2016

Adenomas of the breast are rare benign tumors although single cases with malignant behavior have been reported. However, the genetic basis of these tumors is unknown. Employing targeted next generation sequencing of 50 cancer‐related genes as well as Sanger sequencing, we profiled a cohort of 18 mammary adenomas comprising 9 ductal, 6 tubular, and 3 lactating adenoma. Missense mutations were detected in 8 of the 18 cases (44%). Specifically, five (56%) ductal adenomas and three (50%) tubular adenomas harbored mutated genes. No mutations were detected in lactating adenomas. Three of the nine ductal adenomas showed mutant AKT1 (p.E17K) with two of them harboring an additional GNAS mutation (p.R201C). One case had mutant PIK3CA (p.H1047R) and another case a mutation in GNAS (p.R201C). The three cases of mutated tubular adenomas showed mutations in either MET or FGFR3. Of note, we did not detect copy number changes and none of the cases including tubular adenomas had mutations in exon 2 of MED12. Our results suggest that ductal adenomas are related to papillomas of the breast and screening for mutations in exon 2 of MED12 might help to facilitate differential diagnosis between tubular adenoma and fibroadenoma in difficult cases. Lastly, our data exemplarily demonstrate that mutations in cancer‐related genes per se do not indicate malignancy but occur in benign tumors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the performance of different DTI motion correction strategies in the presence of EPI distortion correction
Authors: Taylor Paul A. , Alhamud A. , van der Kouwe Andre , Saleh Muhammad G. , Laughton Barbara , Meintjes Ernesta
Published: July 2016

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is susceptible to several artifacts due to eddy currents, echo planar imaging (EPI) distortion and subject motion. While several techniques correct for individual distortion effects, no optimal combination of DTI acquisition and processing has been determined. Here, the effects of several motion correction techniques are investigated while also correcting for EPI distortion: prospective correction, using navigation; retrospective correction, using two different popular packages (FSL and TORTOISE); and the combination of both methods. Data from a pediatric group that exhibited incidental motion in varying degrees are analyzed. Comparisons are carried while implementing eddy current and EPI distortion correction. DTI parameter distributions, white matter (WM) maps and probabilistic tractography are examined. The importance of prospective correction during data acquisition is demonstrated. In contrast to some previous studies, results also show that the inclusion of retrospective processing also improved ellipsoid fits and both the sensitivity and specificity of group tractographic results, even for navigated data. Matches with anatomical WM maps are highest throughout the brain for data that have been both navigated and processed using TORTOISE. The inclusion of both prospective and retrospective motion correction with EPI distortion correction is important for DTI analysis, particularly when studying subject populations that are prone to motion. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4405–4424, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Short‐Run and Long‐Run Effects of Birth Weight: Evidence from Large Samples of Siblings and Twins in Taiwan
Authors: Xie Zong‐Xian , Chou Shin‐Yi , Liu Jin‐Tan
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we assemble five large administrative data sets in Taiwan to investigate the short‐run and long‐run effects of birth weight. Comparing with previous studies, our results are more precisely estimated due to the large sample size. Using administrative data sets, the problems arising from self‐reported samples are also mitigated. Moreover, we are able to examine both singletons by controlling sibling fixed effects and twins by controlling twin fixed effects. Our results show that an infant's birth weight has positive influence on health and education. Our twin fixed‐effects estimates confirm the finding of a long‐lasting, but diminishing in the longer run, effects of birth weight. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between podoplanin expression and extracapsular spread in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity using subjective immunoreactivity scores and semiquantitative image analysis
Authors: Mermod Maxime , Bongiovanni Massimo , Petrova Tatiana V. , Dubikovskaya Elena A. , Simon Christian , Tolstonog Genrich , Monnier Yan
Published: July 2016

Background

The correlation between podoplanin expression and extracapsular spread in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has never been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of podoplanin expression for this parameter.

Methods

Subjective immunoreactivity scores and semiquantitative image analysis of podoplanin expression were performed in 67 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and in their corresponding lymph nodes. Neck classification showed 34 cases (51%) of pN0 and 33 cases (49%) of pN+. Correlation between the levels of podoplanin expression and the histopathological data was established.

Results

In lymph nodes, a high level of podoplanin expression correlated with the presence of extracapsular spread by multivariate analysis (p = .03). A strong correlation between subjective and semiquantitative image analysis was observed (r = 0.77; p < .001).

Conclusion

A high level of podoplanin expression in lymph node metastases of oral squamous cell carcinoma is independently associated with extracapsular spread. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 39: 98–108, 2017
Leveraging Digital Mentor Texts to Write Like a Digital Writer
Authors: Werderich Donna E. , Manderino Michael , Godinez Gabriella
Published: July 2016

This article presents an approach to reading like a digital writer to support adolescents' narrative writing in digital formats. By providing digital mentor texts for students to read like digital writers, a more comprehensive and perhaps deeper understanding of digital writing and the memoir genre can emerge.
Efficient Winning Strategies in Random‐Turn Maker–Breaker Games
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Krivelevich Michael , Kronenberg Gal
Published: July 2016

We consider random‐turn positional games, introduced by Peres, Schramm, Sheffield, and Wilson in 2007. A p‐random‐turn positional game is a two‐player game, played the same as an ordinary positional game, except that instead of alternating turns, a coin is being tossed before each turn to decide the identity of the next player to move (the probability of Player I to move is p). We analyze the random‐turn version of several classical Maker–Breaker games such as the game Box (introduced by Chvátal and Erdős in 1987), the Hamilton cycle game and the k‐vertex‐connectivity game (both played on the edge set of ). For each of these games we provide each of the players with a (randomized) efficient strategy that typically ensures his win in the asymptotic order of the minimum value of p for which he typically wins the game, assuming optimal strategies of both players.
Chemical Reactivity of 4,9‐Dimethoxy‐5‐oxo‐5H‐furo[3,2‐g]chromene‐6‐Carboxaldehyde Toward Some Nucleophilic Reagents
Authors: El‐Gohary Nasser M. , Ibrahim Magdy A. , El‐Sawy Eslam R. , Abdel‐fatah Noura A.
Published: July 2016

The chemical reactivity of 4,9‐dimethoxy‐5‐oxo‐5H‐furo[3,2‐g]chromene‐6‐carboxaldehyde (6‐formylkhellin) (1) was studied toward a diversity of nitrogen nucleophilic reagents. Reaction of carboxaldehyde 1 with some primary amines and heterocyclic amines afforded the corresponding Schiff bases. Also, the reactivity of carboxaldehyde 1 was studied toward some hydrazine derivatives, namely 7‐chloro‐4‐hydrazinoquinoline, 3‐hydrazino‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine, N4‐phenylthiosemicarbazide, and S‐benzyldithiocarbazate. 6‐Formylkhellin (1) underwent ring transformation upon treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride producing 5‐hydroxy‐4,9‐dimethoxy‐7‐oxo‐7H‐furo[3,2‐g]chromene‐6‐carbonitrile (22). Some pyrimidine, [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine, tetrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, and diazepine derivatives linked benzofuran were efficiently synthesized. Reaction of carboxaldehyde 1 with a variety of 1,4‐binucleophiles produced furochromone‐fused benzodiazepine, pyridotriazepine, benzoxazepine, and benzothiazepine derivatives. Some unsymmetrical thiocarbohydrazones were also synthesized. Structures of the new synthesized products were deduced on the basis of their analytical and spectral data.
Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐(Imidazol‐4‐yl) Indolin‐2‐Ones under Microwave Heating
Authors: Chen Ke , Dai Mei‐Ling , Pan Yu‐Qian , Zhang Chi , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Hao Wen‐Juan
Published: July 2016

A formal [3 + 2] cyclization reaction of 3‐(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethylidene)indolin‐2‐ones and amidines has been developed, regioselectively affording a series of new 3‐(imidazol‐4‐yl)indolin‐2‐ones in good to excellent yields. The reaction was easily conducted in ethylene glycol using Cs2CO3 as a base promoter under microwave irradiation. Flexible structural modification, and broad functional group compatibility as well as mild reaction conditions make this strategy a useful and attractive process of library generation for drug discovery.
Early detection of whole body radiation induced microstructural and neuroinflammatory changes in hippocampus: A diffusion tensor imaging and gene expression study
Authors: Gupta Mamta , Mishra Sushanta Kumar , Kumar B.S. Hemanth , Khushu Subash , Rana Poonam
Published: July 2016

Ionizing radiation is known to a cause systemic inflammatory response within hours of exposure that may affect the central nervous system (CNS). The present study was carried out to look upon the influence of radiation induced systemic inflammatory response in hippocampus within 24 hr of whole body radiation exposure. A Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) study was conducted in mice exposed to a 5‐Gy radiation dose through a 60Co source operating at 2.496 Gy/min at 3 hr and 24 hr post irradiation and in sham‐irradiated controls using 7 T animal MRI system. The results showed a significant decrease in Mean Diffusivity (MD), Radial Diffusivity (RD), and Axial Diffusivity (AD) in hippocampus at 24 hr compared with controls. Additionally, marked change in RD was observed at 3 hr. Increased serum C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) level depicted an increased systemic/peripheral inflammation. The neuroinflammatory response in hippocampus was characterized by increased mRNA expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and Cox‐2 at the 24 hr time point. Additionally, in the irradiated group, reactive astrogliosis was illustrated, with noticeable changes in GFAP expression at 24 hr. Altered diffusivity and enhanced neuroinflammatory expression in the hippocampal region showed peripheral inflammation induced changes in brain. Moreover, a negative correlation between gene expression and DTI parameters depicted a neuroinflammation induced altered microenvironment that might affect water diffusivity. The study showed that there was an influence of whole body radiation exposure on hippocampus even during the early acute phase that could be reflected in terms of neuroinflammatory response as well as microstructural changes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature trends throughout the Brazilian Legal Amazon, 1973–2013
Authors: Almeida C. T. , Oliveira‐Júnior J. F. , Delgado R. C. , Cubo P. , Ramos M. C.
Published: July 2016

This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall and temperature (minimum, maximum and average) trends at 47 stations throughout the Brazilian Legal Amazon for the period 1973–2013. Annual, wet season and dry season trends were quantified by Sen's slope for each station and the entire region. The Mann–Kendall test was used to determine the statistical significance of the trends. For the whole region, minimum, maximum and average annual temperatures showed increasing trend of approximately 0.04 °C per year. The rainfall showed an insignificant trend for most stations for annual and seasonal series. Nevertheless, some stations showed significant increasing trends in the annual and wet season rainfalls while a few stations showed decreasing trends for the dry season rainfall. A positive trend of the annual range between wet and dry season rainfall was found in some stations, caused mainly by an increasing trend in wet season rainfall.
Recent applications of NMR in food and dietary studies
Authors: Ramakrishnan Venkatesh , Luthria Devanand L
Published: July 2016

Over the last decade, a wide variety of new foods have been introduced into the global marketplace, many with health benefits that exceed those of traditional foods. Simultaneously, a wide range of analytical technologies has evolved that allow greater capability for the determination of food composition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), traditionally a research tool used for structural elucidation, is now being used frequently for metabolomics and chemical fingerprinting. Its stability and inherent ease of quantification have been exploited extensively to identify and quantify bioactive components in foods and dietary supplements. In addition, NMR fingerprints have been used to differentiate cultivars, evaluate sensory properties of food and investigate the influence of growing conditions on food crops. Here we review the latest applications of NMR in food analysis. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sol–gel coating of poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for stir bar sorptive extraction and its application to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water
Authors: Ekbatani Amlashi Nadiya , Hadjmohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2016

Poly(ethylene glycol) grafted onto carboxyl‐terminated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by the sol–gel technique as a stationary phase for stir bars. The analytical methodology included stir bar sorptive extraction with micellar desorption followed by liquid chromatography. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were used as the model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance. The extraction efficiency, for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples, was optimized based on a chemometrics approach. The effect of the experimental parameters on the extraction response was investigated and the optimum extraction conditions were selected. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method showed a good linearity within the different ranges for different analytes (e.g. 0.05–500 ng/mL for phenanthrene), a square of the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999, and an appropriate limit of detection in the range of 0.013–0.072 ng/mL. The recoveries in all cases were above 94%, with relative standard deviations below 2.4%.
Colloidal and Supported TiO2: Toward Nonextractable and Recyclable Photocatalysts for Radical Polymerizations in Aqueous Dispersed Media
Authors: Lobry Emeline , BT Bah Abdoul Salam , Vidal Loïc , Oliveros Esther , Braun André M. , Criqui Adrien , Chemtob Abraham
Published: July 2016

Two high surface area titania forms, dispersed as stable nanoparticles or coated on fused silica microfiber, are used as nonleachable photocatalysts for the radical photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate miniemulsion in water. At low loading (0.17 wt%/wtmonomer), both nanoscale TiO2 yield ≈50% conversion after 10 min UV irradiation, compared to 63% with a conventional type I photoinitiatior (hydroxyacetophenone). High‐molecular‐weight values (>180 kDa) and a polydispersity index of about 1.5 are achieved, indicating that undesirable degradation is negligible. In the proposed mechanism, a surface initiation takes place through the generation of hydroxyl radicals from H2O oxidation. It is shown that irradiance and TiO2 content are two key parameters for controlling molecular weight and conversion values. The supported TiO2 form can be easily recovered and reused up to four times, despite a gradual reduction in conversion. Deposited on the wall of the annular photochemical reactor, it enables reaction scaling‐up.

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Transient bifurcation condition of partially saturated porous media at finite strain
Authors: Song Xiaoyu
Published: July 2016

Bifurcation of unsaturated soils into a localized shear band is a ubiquitous failure mode of partially saturated soils. The density and degree of saturation have major impacts on the inception of localized deformations in unsaturated soils. Unsaturated fluid flow may dramatically change the density and degree of fluid saturation of unsaturated soils. Therefore, the unsaturated fluid flow is a potential trigger for shear banding in such materials. In this paper, we derive a simplified bifurcation condition of localized deformation in unsaturated soils under the local transient condition at finite strain. This transient bifurcation condition is implemented into a nonlinear finite element code to study the inception of localized deformation in unsaturated soil specimens. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the impact of soil fabrics of density, a ‘bonding’ variable, and intrinsic permeability on the inception of localized failures via the transient bifurcation criterion. Mesh sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the viscosity effect of unsaturated fluid flow on the localized deformation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the transient bifurcation condition can detect the localized deformation triggered by the internal unsaturated fluid flow process in unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.