bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A photorespiratory cycle that regulates plant responses to atmospheric CO2
Authors: Bloom Arnold
Published: November 2023

Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase), the most prevalent protein on the planet 1,2, catalyzes two competing chemical reactions. One reaction is the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), which initiates plant carbohydrate synthesis. The other is the oxygenation of RuBP, which initiates photorespiration 3. The common assumption is that photorespiration is a futile cycle that dissipates more than 25% of a plant’s energy as waste heat 4–6, but inhibiting photorespiration decreases shoot protein synthesis 7–11. Here is evidence for a previously unrecognized photorespiratory cycle in which rubisco converts RuBP into pyruvate, malic enzyme carboxylates pyruvate into malate, and malate dehydrogenase oxidizes malate, generating reductants that convert nitrate into amino acids (Fig. 1). This cycle becomes prominent only when rubisco or malic enzyme are associated with manganese, but prior experiments replaced the manganese bound to these enzymes with magnesium 3,12,13. The proposed cycle coordinates photorespiration with several other processes including C3 carbon fixation, pentose phosphate shunt, malate valve, and nitrogen metabolism. It thereby balances plant organic carbon and nitrogen as atmospheric CO2 fluctuates daily, seasonally, and over millennia 14. This carbon:nitrogen homeostasis improves photosynthetic efficiency 3 and explains why C3 species, plants that photorespire at substantial rates, remain dominant in most habitats.
Combined Unsupervised Machine Learning and clinical cohort for phenotyping complex diseases with its application to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Fan Jing , Yang Xunzhe , Shen Dongchao , Cui Liying , Liu Mingsheng
Published: November 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Identifying subtypes of ALS to better predict prognosis with different methods is essential in clinical practice. Traditional cluster methods are limited by data and computation, and are hard to indicate heterogeneity and predict the prognosis of ALS. This study aims to develop a new classification system for ALS to predict prognosis adopting a data-driven approach. This was a single-center retrospective study based on an independent cohort of patients diagnosed with ALS recruited by Peking union medical college hospital (PUMCH) from 2014 to 2020. The mean follow-up time was 23.3±16.9 months. One thousand and two hundred fifty-four patients were recruited, and 303 variables were selected at baseline. We applied machine learning algorithms to train and test the performance of different hyperparameters. Fifty-nine baseline variables were included and 1166 patients (mean [SD] age, 53.3[10.7] years, 518 [55.5%] male patients; mean [SD] ALSFRS-R, 38.4 [6.3]), with <50 % missing data were identified and were used as input for the ML algorithm. K-Means Model classified four phenogroups (phenogroup 0= 245, phenogroup 1= 428, phenogroup 2=235, phenogroup 3=258) whose outcome are different from each other (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25; P < 0.001). In particular, there is a significant difference between phenogroup 0 and phenogroup 3 regarding decreased ALSFRS-R, swallowing function, decrease in BMI, and prognosis. Phenogroup 1 and phenogroup 2 have a moderate prognosis, but their characteristics are significantly different in terms of sex ratio, mean age, weight, and complications.
Data-driven automated approaches could develop a new classification system for ALS to precisely predict the prognosis
Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15007385
A rare case of adult-onset spastic paraparesis in association with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Adams Louise , De Bleecker Jan
Published: November 2023

Report

The rare association of Klinefelter syndrome and the clinical presentation of a late onset chronic progressive spastic paresis.

Clinical presentation and genetics

An infertile 61-year-old man with late adult onset of gait problems, deep muscle pain and bladder problems. He presented for the first time, years after onset with a spastic paraparesis with high arched feet. His mother also had gait problems and high arched feet. Further information of the mother is lacking. After thorough investigation, an additional X chromosome was found, where after the diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome was made. Other acquired and genetic causes for spastic paraparesis or hereditary motor neuropathy are excluded.

Conclusion

This rare case, together with two other literature reports, suggests that Klinefelter syndrome can be associated with spastic paraparesis, besides the other various neuropsychiatric symptoms that are more commonly described [1,2].
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Short-Term Hydropower Generation Prediction Incorporating Hydrometeorological Factors
Authors: Peng Wang , Jiang Zhiqiang , Yao Huaming , Zhang Li , Yu Jianhua
Published: November 2023

Hydropower is a clean and renewable source of energy, reliable forecasts of hydropower generation are critical for reservoir management and efficient use of water resources. In this study, a Double Attention mechanism-Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit(DAC-BiGRU) hybrid deep learning model considering hydrometeorological factors is proposed for predicting short-term hydropower generation. DAC-BIGRU first extracts the local features of the input data using a 1-dimensional CNN and weights the features using an attentional mechanism instead of a pooling layer. Then passes features to the BiGRU layer for time series modelling. Finally performs the attentional mechanism weighting again and maps the results to the final output via a dense layer. The Qiamusa and Aertashi hydropower stations on the mainstem of the Yarkant River in Northwest China are used as the study object for cross-training and validation. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Maximum mutual Information Coefficient were used to determine hydropower generation, steamflow and soil temperature for the past 7 days as input features.Through rigorous and reasonable evaluation, the results demonstrate that: Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of DAC-BiGRU on the test set decreased by 8.8% on average compared with CNN-LSTM and CNN-GRU. DAC-BiGRU model performance was significantly better than CNN-LSTM, CNN-GRU, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In addation, relative error of DAC-BiGRU mainly occurred from October to March, RMSE of the DAC-BiGRU decreased by about 3% after adding streamflow and soil temperature as factors. The prediction performance of DAC-BiGRU for the next 3–7 days began to decline significantly.
Qualitative Study of Public Mental Health and Lifestyle Behaviours in Malaysia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yi Ng Jia , Lin Mei-Hua , Yong Min Hooi
Published: November 2023

Our objective was to explore the Malaysian public’s experience during the lockdown with a focus on mental health and lifestyle behaviour factors. Fifteen Malaysians (10 females, Mage = 37.64, SD = 1.64, range = 20-68) were interviewed about their experience on what were affecting their mental health and lifestyle behaviours. Four main categories were identified: factors affecting (1) mental health and (2) lifestyle behaviours during the pandemic lockdown, and (3) the consequences, and (4) coping strategies during the pandemic. Participants revealed largely negative consequences that affected their mental health and lifestyle behaviours with the factors of deterioration emerging from the environmental to the individual level. Most participants distracted themselves as a form of coping strategy while engaged minimally in other coping behaviours. Our findings showed the complexity underlying the maintenance of mental health and lifestyle behaviours during the pandemic across the individual level to environmental, which affects the design of effective public policies and interventions.
Investigating Rectification in Gap Junctions within the Antennal Lobe of the Insect Neuropil: A Computational Model
Authors: Chowdhury Shubhajit Roy , G Dileep , Joseph Joby
Published: November 2023

In insects, the antennal lobe (AL) serves as the primary processing center for olfactory signals, housing a complex network of neurons that analyze and integrate olfactory information. Gap junctions, an integral part of the AL neural network, have been shown to play a significant role in processing and transmitting olfactory information. However, their specific function within the AL system remains not fully understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study aims to investigate the role of gap junctions in the AL circuitry using experimental and computational methods. The focus is on developing a computational model of the gap junctions between local neurons and projection neurons within the AL. By employing a biologically accurate model to mimic the behavior of the AL neural network, the researchers aim to explore the impact of gap junctions on the processing and transmission of olfactory information. The study's findings highlight the critical role of gap junctions in synchronizing the activity of neurons within the AL circuitry. The computational model serves as a valuable framework for understanding the function of these junctions in the AL network and could potentially be applied to evaluate their impact on olfactory processing in other insects.
Biofabricated green synthesized hibiscus silver nanoparticles potentiates antibacterial and cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Ahirwar Bharti , Ahirwar Dheeraj , Jain Ritesh , Agrawal Bhagyashri , Sahu Parvin , Sakure Kalyani , Badwaik Hemant
Published: November 2023

Traditional medicine has long employed the shrub Hibiscus sabdariffa to treat a variety of illnesses. The biochemical characteristics of nanoparticles of silver made using the plant extract and plant extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa were examined in this work. According to the results, the plant extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa had a total phenolic quantity of 84.9 mg/gm and a total quantity of flavonoids of 41.50 mg/gm. The extract also showed antibacterial action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (75.15% scavenging activity). The nanoparticles of silver from plant extracts were stable in PBS solution for at least 30 days and had a mean size of particles of 21.22 nm. Human cancer of the lung line of cells A-549 was effectively cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory by the silver nanoparticles. Overall, the research's findings demonstrate the fascinating biological activity of the nanoparticles of silver made from the extract of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant. To assess these compounds' potential as medicines, more research is required.
An novel approach for pressure demand control in electro-hydraulic brake-by-wire system
Authors: Duan Wei , Hu Junyi , Wang Shixiong , Zhang Shuya
Published: November 2023

As the electrification of vehicles continues to become more widespread, the electric brake system is also continuously improving. This has led to higher demands on the capabilities and performance of active braking and regenerative braking in the field of vehicle dynamics control. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel pressure demand control approach for the electro-hydraulic brake-by-wire system, aimed at accurately and swiftly tracking the target pressure. Firstly, we establish a simplified model of the system and use a second-order function to approximate the pressure-position relationship. The sliding mode control is employed to convert the desired pressure into the required piston position. Then, the kinematic relationship is used to convert it into the motor rotation angle. Moreover, we apply a proportional-integral controller to adjust the motor rotation angle, and further fine-tune the controller parameters using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, a joint simulation platform are built, and a brake test bench is established for three pressure signal tests. The experimental results demonstrate that the pressure demand control method achieves precise tracking of the target pressure, with a maximum error not exceeding 2%. Compared to other methods, this approach exhibits superior control accuracy and response characteristics.
A Chinese Named Entity Recognition Model Incorporating Recurrent Cell and Information State Recursion
Authors: Han Qingbin , Ma Jialin
Published: November 2023

Chinese is characterised by high syntactic complexity, chaotic annotation granularity, and slow convergence. Joint learning models can effectively improve the accuracy of Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER), but they focus too much on local feature information and reduce the ability of long sequence feature extraction. To address the limitations of long sequence feature extraction ability, we propose a Chinese NER model called Incorporating Recurrent Cell and Information State Recursion(IRCSR-NER). The model integrates recurrent cells and information state recursion to improve the recognition ability of long entity boundaries. To solve the problem that Chinese and English have different focuses in syntactic analysis. We use the syntactic dependency approach to add lexical relationship information to sentences represented at the word level. The IRCSR-NER is applied to sequence feature extraction to improve the model efficiency and long-text feature extraction ability. The model captures contextual long-distance dependent information while focusing on local feature information. We evaluated our proposed model using two public datasets and compared it with five mainstream models. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms traditional and mainstream models.
Diode LASER surgery for early stage Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal cancer - A comparison study with conventional electrosurgery
Authors: Nakai Marianne Yumi , Tenório Lucas Ribeiro , Menezes Marcelo Benedito , Lima Lurian Rei Caetano , Gusmão Rodrigo Vasconcellos , Bertelli Antonio Augusto Tupinambá , Mercante Giuseppe , Gaino Francesca , Gonçalves Antonio José
Published: November 2023

Introduction:Any surgical resection of the oral cavity and pharynx could lead to serious impairment and compromise swallowing, chewing, breathing, and speaking. Early-stage tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx are usually accessed by the transoral approach. The resections after using an electronic scalpel may create complex defects, with the raw area causing severe pain and bleeding in the postoperative period. Consequently, flap reconstruction(local flap or free flap) is usually indicated, which is also important to achieve better functional results. The Diode LASER is not a new tool for treating Head and Neck (H&N) tumors, and its usage for treating early glottic cancer is well established, but CO2 LASER has been more broadly adopted worldwide.
Objective: Evaluate the hospital length of stay and postoperative complications in transoral surgical resection of oral cavity and oropharynx early-stage malignant neoplasms, comparing Diode LASER surgery with conventional electrosurgical resection.
Method: That study is a retrospective cohort that includes all patients with early-stage malignant neoplasm of oral cavity and oropharynx treated with transoral Diode LASER surgical resection compared to patients submitted to electrosurgery conventional resection between August 2019 and August 2022 in a Head and Neck Cancer Center. The evaluated outcomes were hospital length of stay, postoperative complications, enteral feeding tube, tracheostomy, and oncologic outcomes (recurrence rate and margins).
Results: The mean hospital stay was lower in the Diode LASER group (3.2 days vs. 4.8 days / p=0.01). Postoperative complication rates were similar in both groups. None of the patients presented local or regional recurrence during the follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 23 months.
Conclusion: The Diode LASER surgery is associated with a reduction in the hospital length of stay for early-stage oral cavity and oropharynx carcinomas.
Measuring Network interdependency using Mutual Information Technique: A Case study of Power-Water Network
Authors: Garg Paras , Soni Gunjan , Yadav OM Prakash , Rathore A.P.S.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to the Dependent Network interdependencies analysis, based on the Mutual Information Technique. This is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of information shared between two variables. In the context of networks, we can calculate the mutual information between the nodes in each network and use it as a measure of the strength of their interdependency. This Technique is useful in capturing the functional and service level interdependencies between the networks. The Mutual Information based approach is a useful analytical tool for determining the degree of mutual effect and reliance between variables in linked systems. We want to shed light on how Mutual Information might help us comprehend and analyse the interplay of critical infrastructure networks by applying this technique to the example of a hydroelectric power plant depending on a river for water supplies A case study of simulated power network used in this paper for illustration and validation of the technique.
Supporting or pushing too hard? The impact of parental support on overeducation in Poland
Authors: Krzywda-Starzyk Patrycja
Published: November 2023

Education's pivotal role in securing a satisfying future - especially career prospects - is hindered by a phenomenon known as overeducation, which consistently impacts a notable proportion of European degree holders. The incidence of overeducation depends greatly on one’s educational trajectory which, in turn, relies heavily on family. This study, based on data from a dedicated 2022 questionnaire, examines how parental support influences the risk of labour market mismatch in Poland. Accounting for the specificity of Polish society, it further explores how being raised in rural areas and maternal education moderate this relationship. These two factors are considered due to the notable socio-economic marginalization of rural areas on the one hand, and the profound childcare gap in Poland on the other.
The results of the regression model confirm that heightened parental support during adolescence increases the likelihood of educational attainment being aligned with job requirements in Poland. The application of moderation analysis reveals that this relationship is moderated both by a rural upbringing and the level of maternal education. While several variations emerge from the moderation models, the key finding is that the offspring of highly educated mothers from rural areas defy the general trend. In their case, increased support lowers the chance of a labour-education match.
Our findings emphasize the need to develop robust institutions in rural areas, and to empower parents to make informed educational choices for their children. Furthermore, the study prompts nuanced discussions about Poland's higher education narrative and its relevance in a dynamic job market.
Neoantigens heterogeneity as a prognostic marker in patients with resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Jianzhen , Hu Bo , Shi Yang , Wang Jiaqian , Yang Xu , Hu Weikang , Yang Xiaobo , Lu Xin , Sang Xinting , Gao Zhibo , Xi Ruibin , Zhao Haitao
Published: November 2023

Background
The prognostic significance of neoantigens and the understanding of neoantigen-associated heterogeneity in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the prognostic role of neoantigens and their intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in postoperative prognoses of patients with resected iCCA.
Methods
A cohort enrolled 68 iCCA patients underwent surgical resections was performed whole-exome sequencing to analyze the impact of neoantigens on postoperative survival. Immunohistochemistry for CD4 and CD8 was performed and T cells in tumor were quantified by visually counted. RNA sequencing and TCR sequencing were performed to demonstrate tumor immunogenicity and immune recognition associated with neoantigen heterogeneity.
Results
The neoantigen intratumor heterogeneity (NeoITH) metric was an independent prognostic factor, with NeoITH-low iCCA associated with improved prognosis in the discovery and the validation cohort. Immunogenetic analyses revealed that NeoITH-low iCCA harbored an increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and higher immunogenicity compared to NeoITH-high iCCA. Characterization on the TCR repertoire identified 36 iCCA-related TCR clusters which were enriched in NeoITH-low tumors. Patients identified as the high number of iCCA-related TCR clusters and NeoITH-low iCCAs had the best postoperative prognosis, and vice versa. A retrospective immunotherapy cohort confirmed that patients with NeoITH-low iCCAs had significant therapeutic advantages then patients with NeoITH-high iCCAs.
Conclusions
This study provides a novel insight into neoantigen heterogeneity for predicting postoperative survival and immunotherapeutic prognosis in iCCA patients.
Approximately half of the magnitude of ocular residual astigmatism comes from posterior corneal astigmatism in myopic patients aged 18-40 years
Authors: Lin Jian , An Dexiang , Wu Haiqian , Lu Yun , Yan Dongmei
Published: November 2023

To determine the main sources of ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) and the contribution of posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) to ORA. Anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) and PCA was obtained from Pentacam. ORA was calculated by Thibos vector analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess relationships between variables. The contribution of PCA to ORA was evaluated by a physical method. Mean magnitude of PCA was 0.40 ± 0.15 D. Mean amount of ORA was 0.69 ± 0.33 D. There was a significant correlation between the magnitudes of PCA and ORA (r = 0.38, P < 0.001). The PCA in 171 eyes (96.61%) supplemented ORA. The mean superimposed values (SV) was 0.37 ± 0.16 D (rang 0.01 to 0.70 D). The against-the-rule PCA can not only superimpose but also counteract with-the-rule and oblique ORA. The against-the-rule ORA can be superimposed by with-the-rule, against-the-rule and oblique PCA. Of the 171 eyes, the SV of 85 eyes(49.71%) were larger than half of the magnitude of ORA. In a minority of eyes, PCA can have a negative effect on ORA and may be greater than it. The SV/ORA ratio may be used to personalize the surgical method proposed by Alpins, resulting in better outcomes.
Trends in Natural Language Understanding with sentence representation and sentiment analysis
Authors: Guminska Urszula , Poniszewska-Maranda Aneta , Ochelska-Mierzejewska Joanna
Published: November 2023

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a crucial branch of artificial intelligence that examines how people and computers communicate through natural language. The majority of NLP research focuses on the fundamental methods that enable humans to understand and generate words, phrases, sentences, and the whole documents. The primary focus of the studies in this area concentrate on English as the common language used by scientists. Unfortunately, this language has a very straightforward structure. It indicates that most of the techniques that are very successful for documents in English do not work equally well for texts in other niche languages.

To investigate the existing studies on Natural Language Understanding (NLU), a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was performed. Through our deep research on NLU and its extensions, 46 studies were selected mentioning 38 machine learning, 3 hybrid and 4 knowledge-based approaches to NLU.

The paper presents the systematized knowledge along with a critical analysis of existing research, both for text processing in English and for other native languages. It shows the solutions and reasoning of researchers, and compiles the advantages and disadvantages of the presented solutions.
Variable selection for inhomogeneous spatio-temporal Poisson point processes
Authors: Choiruddin Achmad , Gonz\'alez Jonatan , Mateu Jorge , Fadlurohman Alwan , Waagepetersen Rasmus
Published: November 2023

Spatio-temporal point pattern data are becoming prevalent in many scientific disciplines. We model the first-order intensity of spatio-temporal point pattern data, considering the intensity as a parametric log-linear function of spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal covariates. Dealing with spatio-temporal covariates brings computational and methodological challenges compared to the purely spatial case. We extend regularisation methods to perform variable selection for spatial point processes to the spatio-temporal case to obtain parsimonious and more interpretable models. Using our proposed methodology, we conduct two simulation studies and examine an application to criminal activity in the Kennedy district of Bogota. In the application, we consider a spatio-temporal point pattern of crime locations and many spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal covariates related to urban places, environmental factors, and further space-time factors. The intensity function of vehicle thefts is estimated, considering other crimes as covariate information. The proposed methodology offers a comprehensive approach for analysing spatio-temporal point pattern crime data, capturing complex relationships between covariates and crime occurrences over space and time.
Multi-group cooperative evolutionary optimization algorithm combined with quantum entanglement on cross fields
Authors: Lian Zhaoyang , Si Bailu
Published: November 2023

Swarm intelligence algorithm is a bionic random probability heuristic search algorithm, which is a kind of algorithm that transforms the collective behaviors in biological study into engineering application in practice. In this paper, a multi-group cooperative evolutionary optimization algorithm was proposed by referring to the interaction behaviors of species diversity and stability in the ecosystem. First, the group updating mechanism of the traditional seeking and tracking mode with dynamic population update mechanism were adopted. The multi-population interactive update group and the quantum entanglement update group were introduced to guide the algorithm to approach the global optimal solution gradually. Second, the proposed bionic algorithm was extended to cross field applications. The algorithm was applied to 33 test functions of open CEC dataset, its application fields were and extended to robot routing optimization of grid map, vehicle scheduling optimization of dairy enterprise, location optimization of logistics center, and plasma trajectory planning optimization, and the competitive results were achieved.
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccine hesitancy in the elderly population: Results from two representative surveys in Germany
Authors: Heinemeier Dorothee , Schmid Philipp , Eitze Sarah , Betsch Cornelia ,   Vaccination60+ study group
Published: November 2023

Background
The reasons for low vaccine acceptance in the elderly population are largely unknown – despite the great need of vaccines in this risk group. Moreover, while many studies assess the impact of factors surrounding vaccination, such as sociodemographic information, psychological factors, such as vaccine-specific attitudes, are not sufficiently used in the research of vaccination behavior and interventions. This article assesses the psychological antecedents of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly and assesses the relative impact of psychological vs. sociodemographic and other factors surrounding vaccination, on vaccination behavior.
Methods
A cross-sectional telephone survey, representative of age, gender and rural/urban residence, was conducted with N = 701 German participants > 60 years of age, during the influenza season of 2016–17. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to identify the relevant determinants of vaccination behavior.
Results
Results show unique patterns in the psychological antecedents: while confidence, the belief in the effectiveness of vaccination and calculation, the need for information, complacency, the lack of risk perception and constraints, and perceived practical barriers to vaccination predicted influenza vaccination behavior, only complacency predicted pneumococcal vaccination behavior. The amount of explained variance in influenza vaccination behavior nearly doubles when psychological antecedents of vaccination are taken into account, beyond other factors surrounding vaccination. However, the effect was smaller for pneumococcal vaccination behavior. The results are compared to a subnational sample.
Conclusions
Understanding the psychological drivers of vaccination can help to plan interventions effectively.
Trial registration:
Deutsches Register Klinische Studien (German Clinical Trials Register) DRKS00012653. Registered 24.11.2017. Retrospectively registered.
Modulation of antioxidant enzyme B166 isoforms 1 and 5 expressions by SREBP1-a links ROS elimination to lipid metabolism in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Cheung Cindy , Kong Fanhua , Wang Bingwu
Published: November 2023

Antioxidant enzyme B166 (B166) - mediated detoxification of H2O2 into water and oxygen is a pivotal process to sustain a favorable redox homeostasis in mitochondria and suppress cell death. Here, we identify that B166 is highly expressed in GBM tumor tissues and a potential novel biomarker to predict unfavorable prognosis of GBM patients. GBM cells upregulate the expression of B166 via SREBP1-a-mediated transcription and reduce the endogenous ROS levels, maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and normal morpho-function of mitochondria. SREBP1 knock down decreases B166 expression on both RNA and protein levels. We reveal that overexpression of SREBP1-aN, the active form of SREBP1-a, increases B166 isoform 1 (V1) and 5 (V5) levels in the mitochondria and nucleus, respectively. Pharmacological suppression of SREBP1 or genetic inhibition of B166 disrupts the redox homeostasis, leading to the generation of high levels of oxidative stress, which in turn causes dramatic damages to the mitochondria and kills GBM cells ultimately. We show that SREBF1 level is strongly associated with B166, FASN and SCD expression in patients’ tumor tissues of GBM cohort from TCGA and protein levels of SREBP1 and B166 are significantly correlated in our PHGBM cohort. Thus, targeting B166 could be a promising therapeutic approach for GBM.
Enhancing Predictive Accuracy: Impact of Feature Selection on Heart Disease Prediction With Machine Learning Models
Authors: Aradan John F , Pawar Arti
Published: November 2023

This research paper builds upon previous work titled "Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases using Machine Learning Algorithms" by the same authors. The paper investigates the impact of applying feature selection methods (filter and wrapper) and cross-validation on the efficiency of four models: SVM, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Neural Network. The findings demonstrate that implementing these techniques improved the efficiency of the models compared to the bare models. This study contributes to the field of cardiovascular disease prediction and provides insights into the importance of feature selection and cross-validation in machine learning modeling.
Level of Uptake and Influencing Factors of Long Acting Reversible Contraception among Post-abortion Women in Uganda
Authors: Enyamitoit Samson Ralph , Byonanuwe Simon , Kahimakazi Irene , Almenares Ubarnell , Sentongo Emmanuel , Latortue Jean W. , Okello Maxwell , Tornes Yarine Fajardo
Published: November 2023

Background
Women in sub-Saharan Africa often fail to obtain or use modern contraceptives, particularly Long Acting Reversible Methods (LARC), for many reasons. Women rely primarily on traditional and short-acting contraceptives which are prone to incorrect or inconsistent use and failure. In Uganda, utilization of modern contraceptives has steadily increased from 8–35% over the last decade. However, LARC use has remained as low as 7.8% and could be worse in specific sites. Whereas unsafe abortions contribute up to 26% of all maternal deaths in Uganda, there is limited use of effective contraceptive methods such as LARC.
Methods
An institutional based cross-sectional study involving 317 post abortion patients admitted at the gynecology ward of Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH) in western Uganda were enrolled between January 2022 and April 2022. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses to assess for factors influencing uptake of LARC among post abortion women were conducted using STATA 14.2. Variables in final multivariate model were significant when p < 0.05. The measure of association was reported as odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence interval and p-value.
Results
The level of uptake of LARC was 38.9%. The most commonly taken up LARC was implant at 79%. Family income (AOR = 5.65, CI: 2.594–15.862, p = 0.001), previous history of LARC (AOR = 4.8, CI: 2.828–8.054, p < 0.0001), previous use of any other contraceptives other than LARC (AOR = 3.1, CI: 1.57–5.39, p = 0.004), fear of complications (AOR = 0.29, CI: 0.176–0.732, p < 0.0001), fear of process of insertion or removal (AOR = 0.53, CI: 0.213–0.961, p < 0.0001) and an opposing partner to the method (AOR = 4.10, CI: 1.90–6.910, p = 0.006) were found to independently influence uptake of LARC among post abortion women admitted at HRRH
Conclusions
The level of uptake of LARC remains low in this area. Improving family incomes, partner involvement and mass sensitization regarding LARC will go a long way in promoting LARC use among post abortion women in this area.
Penelitian Terhadap Peranan Mikro Kredit dalam Membasmi Kemiskinan: Kajian Kes ke atas Peminjam Mikro Kredit Formal dan Tidak Formal di Pulau Pinang
Authors:   School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Abdul Rashid Siti Masayu Rosliah , Samat Narimah ,   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: November 2023

Program mikro kredit merupakan inisiatif pembiayaan mikro bertujuan untuk memupuk keusahawanan dalam kalangan masyarakat, menghasilkan aktiviti perniagaan, mencipta peluang pekerjaan dan menjana pertumbuhan ekonomi. Program mikro kredit formal sama ada daripada institusi, bank perdagangan atau bank pembangunan didapati telah berjaya dalam usaha membasmi kemiskinan. Selain itu, terdapat juga skim mikro kredit tidak formal yang menawarkan pinjaman kepada peniaga. Hal ini menggambarkan berlakunya pertindihan kuasa dalam menilai sejauh mana keberkesanan program mikro kredit sama ada yang ditawarkan oleh insitusi formal atau tidak formal. Oleh itu, artikel ini mengenal pasti sejauh mana keberkesanan pembiaya mikro kredit formal dan tidak formal yang menawarkan pembiayaan kepada golongan peniaga kecil di Pulau Pinang dalam usaha mengatasi isu kemiskinan dalam kalangan mereka. Reka bentuk kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif di mana instrumen kajian menggunakan soalan temu ramah secara terbuka. Sampel responden dipilih menggunakan kaedah pensampelan bertujuan melibatkan 20 responden yang mengusahakan perniagaan serta mendapat pinjaman mikro kredit sama ada melalui institusi formal atau tidak formal. Analisis data untuk kajian ini adalah berdasarkan nota lapangan. Kajian turut menggunakan analisis kuantitatif untuk mempersembahkan profil responden. Manakala analisis sebenar adalah melalui data kualitatif. Hasil kajian mendapati 100% responden cenderung memilih skim mikro kredit formal berbanding tidak formal walaupun timbul isu dan masalah dalam prosedur pinjaman mikro kredit formal. Dapatan menunjukkan mikro kredit memberi kesan ke atas pengurangan kemiskinan dalam kalangan responden. Sebanyak 60% responden memperoleh pendapatan lebih daripada RM2500 sebulan. Seterusnya, terdapat cadangan yang dikemukakan oleh responden untuk penambahbaikan institusi mikro kredit. Antara cadangan tersebut ialah mempermudahkan prosedur pinjaman, meningkatkan jumlah pinjaman serta menawarkan geran untuk pembelian peralatan atau perkakasan perniagaan. Justeru, kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi input kepada institusi mikro kredit sama ada formal atau tidak formal untuk menyusun strategi terhadap penambahbaikan prosedur pinjaman institusi mikro kredit di Malaysia.
Ekstremisme dalam Kalangan Belia Berpendidikan Tinggi di Malaysia: Pengkonsepsian dan Faktor yang Mendorong
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Awang Mohd Mahzan , Ahmad Abdul Razaq ,   Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdul Ghani Kamarulzaman ,   Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: November 2023

Kajian ini meneroka konsep ekstremisme daripada persepsi belia berpendidikan tinggi di Malaysia serta faktor-faktor yang boleh mencetuskan gejala ekstremisme dalam sesebuah negara. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk penyelidikan kaedah gabungan yang melibatkan dua tahap kutipan data iaitu kutipan data kualitatif secara temu bual dengan enam orang pemimpin belia diikuti dengan kajian tinjauan yang melibatkan 110 orang responden belia berpendidikan tinggi. Protokol temu bual yang dibina berfokuskan kepada konsep ekstremisme dan faktor-faktor yang mendorong kepada ekstremisme. Bagi menganalisis data temu bual, pendekatan bertema telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Dapatan analisis temu bual menunjukkan terdapat dua tema dalam konsep ekstremisme iaitu perlakuan yang berkaitan dengan sesuatu yang melampau dan keterlaluan; dan perbuatan meluah perasaan serta bertindak mengikut emosi. Terdapat empat tema utama yang menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku ekstremis iaitu salah faham agama, ideologi yang didakwa sebahagian daripada ajaran agama, ideologi politik yang radikal, dan kegagalan mengurus perbezaan rakyat. Dapatan kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa persekitaran luar termasuklah persekitaran politik global dan kurangnya pengetahuan agama mempunyai potensi untuk mempengaruhi belia. Dengan kemajuan teknologi komunikasi dan maklumat, pendedahan kepada ancaman ektremisme di peringkat dunia mudah tersebar. Tema-tema daripada analisis temu bual ini dijadikan panduan untuk pembinaan instrumen soal selidik yang turut memfokuskan kepada konsep ekstremisme dan faktor-faktor yang mendorong belia terlibat dengan aktiviti ini. Analisis inferensi yang melibatkan t-test dan ANOVA satu hala dilakukan untuk melihat perbezaan berdasarkan jantina dan umur. Dapatan analisis statistik daripada tinjauan mendapati bahawa majoriti belia mempunyai tahap kefahaman yang tinggi terhadap konsep ekstremisme manakala tiga faktor utama yang mendorong belia terlibat dengan ekstremisme ialah kecenderungan melampau pada sesuatu parti politik, tertarik dengan ideologi perjuangan parti atau kumpulan dan kurangnya didikan agama. Maka, satu modul khusus untuk mengekang belia daripada terpengaruh dengan gerakan ini amat diperlukan. Di samping itu, pihak berkuasa perlu mempunyai teknologi tinggi yang canggih termasuk keupayaan mengurus data mega dalam mengesan dan mencegah penularan ideologi berbahaya.
Synthesizing social insurance research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: I. Tabash Mosab , Shekhar Shekhar , Singh Poonam , Shamshad Mohd , Saif Mohsen Al-Absy Mujeeb
Published: November 2023

Social insurance has been a pivotal tool in implementing social security. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing information clusters (areas) in the field of social insurance. Clusters define related and unrelated groups in the field of social insurance. These groups will help streamline and identify areas where little or no research has been conducted to present. To achieve the objective, the study employed a precise and systematic procedure to gather 562 journal articles published in Scopus-indexed journals from 1926–2022. Subsequently, VOSviewer, Science of Science (Sci2), and Gephi were utilized to conduct bibliometric analysis (such as keyword co-occurrence and bibliographic coupling) and network analysis tests (such as citation and co-citation analysis). The results of keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analysis suggest there are three knowledge clusters: welfare provisions, benefits provided by social insurance, and social insurance operational aspects. Through analysis found top article-based Inequality, social insurance, and redistribution with 408(LC) and 1042(GC) and its page rank value is 0.010574 through prestigious analysis. Additionally, it is also observed that I. Nielsen had made the most substantial contributions as an author, with R. Smyth and C. Nyland following closely in the rankings. Also, observed maximum total link strength with 109 value on social security variable. The study also drawn attention to specific deficiencies, including regional concentration of research, insufficient research in developing and underdeveloped countries, inadequate knowledge sharing among researchers, limited methodological diversity, and a lack of research on the role of social insurance in facilitating society’s recovery from the pandemic.
Política Industrial 4.0: Reflexões Sobre os Casos do Brasil e da Argentina
Authors: Iglesias Marcos Vinicius , De Oliveira Gilson Batista
Published: November 2023

Historicamente, a política industrial tem sido objeto de constantes discussões e controvérsias, tanto no contexto teórico quanto na esfera de política econômica de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, o principal foco deste artigo consiste em abordar, de forma exploratória e contextual, a questão da política industrial e sua relação com a indústria 4.0, principalmente no contexto latino-americano. Especificamente são discutidos aspectos relacionados ao papel do Estado e sua capacidade como orquestrador da política industrial, e todo o contexto institucional que envolve o processo inovativo e a introdução da política industrial 4.0 no Brasil e na Argentina. As principais conclusões da pesquisa apontam para uma desindustrialização acelerada de ambos os países nos últimos anos e para uma política para indústria 4.0 em estágios iniciais ou de preparação socioeconômica do sistema, assim como uma política de caráter passivo pela definição de seus objetivos e pelo horizonte pautado por ações que não envolvem, no longo prazo, grandes projetos de desenvolvimento tecnológico ou substituição de importações.
Colonialidade do Poder e Gênero: Novas Perspectivas para pensar o Desenvolvimento
Authors: Almeida Rutileia Lima , Brandão Leonardo
Published: November 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de produzir um breve panorama teórico sobre a epistemologia construída na América Latina acerca da colonialidade do poder, que evidencia a dominação colonial e cria um padrão de poder mundial, dispondo do eurocentrismo como sua racionalidade específica, e do feminismo decolonial, que traz contribuições da teorização decolonial. Nesse sentido, reflete sobre novas perspectivas para pensar o desenvolvimento a partir de uma reorientação epistêmica que possa partir das questões de gênero e da colonialidade. O estudo pautou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito das discussões sobre a teoria da colonialidade do poder e dos estudos de colonialidade e gênero, destacando a importância dessas teorias para a área do desenvolvimento. Priorizamos a revisão teórica, sobretudo de autores clássicos, como Quijano (1992, 2005), Dussel (1995) e Mignolo (2010), que discutem sobre o conceito de colonialidade do poder, e Segato (2012), Carneiro (1995) e Lugones (2008), que debatem a respeito da colonialidade associada ao gênero. Com a revisão é possível perceber como fortes marcas da colonialidade podem ser imprescindíveis para pensar o desenvolvimento tanto em relação à teoria quanto à prática.
Study of outdoor rainwater drainage pollution in a hospital
Authors: Fang Ming , Chen Chunhu , Ding Xinren , Qian Zhen
Published: November 2023

The outdoor rainwater drainage pollution in a large general hospital poses considerable threats to the environment and our health. A systematic analysis method was summarized in the investigation practice. Results showed that the pipe network damage caused by uneven geological settlement was the main reason for the pollution of the rainwater pipe network in the hospital. Countermeasures such as settlement repair and geological foundation reinforcement, rainwater and sewage pipeline transformation, the repair of mixed connection of rainwater and sewage pipes and polluted water sources, drainage health safety in isolated areas, and emergency storage tanks were discussed. After implementing the measures, the NH3-N measured value was within 0.82 mg/L, and the average removal rate was 97.4%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration also decreased significantly with an average of 12 mg/L and the average removal rate was 91.8%. The results show that the reconstruction can effectively deal with the problem of outdoor rainwater drainage pollution in the hospital. The study has specific engineering reference significance for medical building drainage system's health and safety research.
Nutritional Values of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) and other Millets Used for Common Diseases and Management
Authors: Maharajan Theivanayagam , Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu , Krishna Thumadath Palayullaparambil Ajeesh , Soosaimanickam Mariapackiam
Published: November 2023

The ever-increasing population and malnutrition in tropical and sub-tropical countries upsurge the demand and security for poor people’s food and nutrition. In erratic climatic conditions, millets can survive as they require less water, short cultivation period and are somewhat tolerant to biotic (bacteria and fungi) and biotic stresses (drought, salinity, nutrient deficiency, etc). Millets possess several nutrient rich components and several health benefits. Despite having superior nutritional, health and agricultural advantages, millets have not received their due attention. Among the millets, foxtail millet is one of the major millets in terms of its second in global production and millets’ yield, quality, and quantity are affected by various diseases. This review provides an overview of the origin and distribution of eight millets, their morphological characteristics with chemical composition, potential health benefits and the fungal, bacterial and viral diseases affecting the growth and yield of millets and their effective management in the framework of ensuring food and nutritional securities in the tropical and sub-tropical countries.