bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demografia escrava e o impacto das leis abolicionistas no Espírito Santo (1850-1888)
Authors: Lago Rafaela Domingos
Published: September 2018

Resumo Este trabalho consiste em um estudo demográfico do Espírito Santo entre 1850 e 1888. Nele serão consideradas as mudanças socioeconômicas, responsáveis em grande medida pelas alterações no desenho demográfico das regiões central e sul do Espírito Santo. Serão analisadas as leis referentes à escravidão que atuaram na província no sentido de libertar pouco a pouco os escravos, preservando o processo de abolição gradual orientado politicamente no Brasil e que levou, ao final, à abolição completa e irrestrita. A análise inicia-se na década de 1850, por se tratar de um período de mudanças no quadro econômico, social e demográfico do Espírito Santo. Com a emergência da cultura cafeeira, a província alcançou o maior índice de mão de obra escrava de sua história. Tal análise é fundamental para a compreensão dos anos subsequentes. Do auge da população escrava (1850-1871) passou-se à progressiva queda da mesma (1871-1888), quando foram analisados os impactos das leis de 1871 (Lei do Ventre Livre) e de 1885 (Lei dos Sexagenários) na demografia escrava do Espírito Santo.
Trends in surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly
Authors: Lehtonen Eva Jolanda Irene , Stibolt Jr Robert Davis , Smith Walter , Wills Bradley , Pinto Martim Correia , McGwin Jr Gerald , Shah Ashish , Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme , Naranje Sameer
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze recent demographic and medical billing trends in treatment of femoral neck fracture of American elderly patients. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was analyzed from 2006 to 2015, for patients aged 65 years and older, using the Current Procedural Terminology codes 27130, 27125, 27235, and 27236. Patient demographics, postoperative complications, and frequency of codes were compared and analyzed over time. Our sample had 17,122 elderly patients, in that, 70% were female, mean age of 80.1 years (standard deviation±6.6 years). Results The number of cases increased, but age, gender, body mass index, rates of diabetes and smoking did not change over time. Open reduction internal fixation was the most commonly billed code, with 9,169 patients (53.6%), followed by hemiarthroplasty with 5,861 (34.2%) patients. Combined estimated probability of morbidity was 9.8% (standard deviation±5.2%), and did not change significantly over time. Postoperative complication rates were similar between treatments. Conclusion Demographics and morbidity rates in femoral neck fractures of elderly patients did not change significantly from 2006 to 2015. Open reduction internal fixation was the most common treatment followed by hemiarthroplasty.
Experimental analysis of the spalling phenomenon in precast reinforced concrete columns exposed to high temperatures
Authors: GIL A. M. , FERNANDES B. , BOLINA F. L. , TUTIKIAN B. F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract Among the processes that involve the degradation of concrete structures subject to the high temperatures of a fire there is the spalling phenomenon. Its mechanisms are related to the thermal stress of the materials dilatations and pore pressure the process of vaporization of water during heating. The factors that influences in its occurrence are related to concrete properties, structural member characteristics or the exposure conditions, and their parameters are not clearly known yet. This paper aimed to study the influence of three concrete mixtures, four coating thicknesses and two bars diameters of longitudinal reinforcement in the spalling phenomena exposed to ISO 834 fire curve. The characterization of concrete were performed either of the axial compression strength tests, water absorption by capillary and mercury intrusion porosimetry, besides the fire resistance tests in real-scale specimens. It was concluded that the diameter of the bar does not have influence, while the mixture and the concrete cover thickness does. More spalling was recorded for the columns with thicker concrete cover and concrete compressive strength at 61,9 MPa, and although higher strength concrete have less permeability, this characteristic can be balanced with the higher tensile strength of this type of concrete.
Planning and real-time management of smart grids with high PV penetration in Italy
Authors: Bottaccioli Lorenzo , Estebsari Abouzar , Patti Edoardo , Pons Enrico , Acquaviva Andrea
Published: September 2018

For planning and development and in real-time operation of smart grids, it is important to evaluate the impacts of photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation. This paper presents an integrated platform, constituted of two main components: a PV simulator and a real-time distribution network simulator. The first, designed and developed following the microservice approach and providing Representational State Transfer web services, simulates real-sky solar radiation on rooftops and estimates the PV energy production. The second, based on a digital real-time power systems simulator, simulates the behaviour of the electricity network under the simulated generation scenarios. The platform is tested on a case study based on real data for a district of the city of Turin, Italy. In the results, the authors show possible applications of the platform for power flow forecasting during real-time operation and for detecting possible voltage and transformers’ capacity problems during planning due to high penetration of renewable energy sources. In particular, the results show that the case study distribution network, in the actual configuration, is not ready to accommodate all the generation capacity that can be installed, as, in certain hours of the day and on certain days of the year, the capacity of some transformers is exceeded.
A produção de sentidos sobre a inclusão na pesquisa acadêmica em psicologia e educação
Authors: Granata Bruno Corralo , Cappellari Amanda , Couto Caroline Da Rosa , Löbler Giulia Netto , Dos Santos Taís Morgana , Hillesheim Betina
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho aborda a inclusão como uma construção social que se disseminou de forma a se enraizar como valor “universal”. Para analisar o discurso da inclusão, tomou-se como objeto as teses e dissertações do site Domínio Público. Através da busca pelo termo “inclusão” nas ferramentas de busca do site, após um “filtro de sentido”, chegou-se ao total de 723 resultados, que foram organizados de acordo com a tabela de áreas do conhecimento do CNPq. Embora tenham sido encontrados resultados em todas as áreas principais, a maior concentração se deu em Educação (43,4%) e Psicologia (8,9%). Voltando o foco para estas, a análise baseou-se no título, resumo e nas palavras-chave dos trabalhos, a fim de pensar os eixos adjetivação (adjetivos que aparecem vinculados à inclusão) e público (a quem se dirige a inclusão). Em “público”, apesar da aparente concentração em torno da deficiência/necessidades educativas especiais (70% dos resultados), a grande variedade de sujeitos agrupados nessa categoria demonstra também um alargamento dos “limites” da inclusão. Por fim, a semelhança dos resultados das áreas de Educação e Psicologia indica um direcionamento da pesquisa sobre inclusão, de modo que o entendimento de diferentes áreas parece coincidir em linhas gerais.
Application of science and technology by the South African food and beverage industry
Authors: Ronquest-Ross Lisa-Claire , Vink Nick , Sigge Gunnar O.
Published: September 2018

Significant shifts in the type of foods consumed by South Africans have taken place since 1994 and packaged food and beverage innovation has accelerated since then. Globally, advances in science and technology have benefitted food processing and food manufacturing technologies and systems. Significant capital investments have been made by the South African food and beverage manufacturing industry (SAFBMI). It is, however, not clear which technology areas have received investments and for what purposes. The objective of this study was thus to understand how the SAFBMI has invested in and applied science and technology since 1994. Data were sourced from food and beverage trade magazines, dating from 1986 to 2012. Trends over the past 30 years were analysed to determine the application of science and technology. The findings suggest that the dairy, soft drinks and bakery sectors have been most active. The main advances were to upgrade manufacturing facilities and build new plants to increase capacity, deliver new products and improve efficiencies and product quality and safety. Investments to improve thermal processing and packaging were also noted. We found evidence of the application of commercially available new preservation technologies and a low level of experimentation with non-commercial novel technologies by the SAFBMI. South Africa appears to be keeping pace with advances in food manufacturing in automation, process control and quality and food safety practices, material handling, and centralised distribution centres with warehouse management systems. Continued investment in food science and technology research will ensure that the growing consumer demand for packaged foods and beverages is met.
 Significance:

Although South Africa is keeping pace with science and technology advances in its food and beverage manufacturing operations, the need to continue to conduct and apply science and technology research, especially in novel processing, is highlighted.
DISPUTAS NO CAMPO JURÍDICO E DISCURSO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO. CASO DO COMPLEXO TERMOELÉTRICO PARNAÍBA, MARANHÃO
Authors: Bruzaca Ruan Didier , Feitosa Maria Luiza Pereira de Alencar Mayer
Published: September 2018

Os conflitos socioambientais provocados por empreendimentos que abrigam grandes projetos de geração de energia revelam um cenário marcado por resistências de povos e comunidades tradicionais, impactadas por essas decisões de política econômica. O confronto leva ao questionamento da eficácia da interlocução entre os discursos do desenvolvimento como direito e as disputas que ocorrem no campo social, econômico e político, cabendo indagar se, de fato, servem para garantir a proteção de direitos de povos e comunidades tradicionais. O objetivo geral do artigo é analisar a tutela de direitos de grupos sociais vulneráveis e tradicionais, nomeadamente no caso das quebradeiras de coco babaçu, desdobrando-o na apresentação de um esquema teórico da relação entre o discurso do desenvolvimento e o campo jurídico, a partir da atuação de agentes especializados e não-especializados no processo judicial, tomando-se como objeto de estudo o conflito socioambiental provocado pelo Complexo Termoelétrico Parnaíba, no Maranhão. Metodologicamente, optou-se pela realização do estudo de caso e da pesquisa qualitativa baseada em dados obtidos em investigação documental. Conclui-se, que a dificuldade na solução jurídica dos conflitos envolvendo grandes empreendimentos econômicos e os direitos de povos e comunidades tradicionais ocorre, em grande medida, em função dos discursos que desqualificam as visões dos agentes não-especializados.
O SISTEMA DE LOGÍSTICA REVERSA COMO FORMA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS: O CAMINHO DO CAPITAL NATURAL.
Authors: Nascimento João Ricardo Holanda do , Lima Renata Albuquerque
Published: September 2018

O arcabouço legislativo ambiental brasileiro sofreu a inclusão, dentre os reforços positivados pela Lei nº 12.305/2010 (Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos), do Sistema de Logística Reversa, que tem como objetivo a responsabilização de todos os atores do ciclo de vida dos produtos, pela sua destinação final. Dentre os responsabilizados, se inclui a sociedade empresarial brasileira, a exemplo de fabricantes, distribuidores e comerciários, que passam, a partir da inovação legislativa, a ter mais um ônus legal na atuação corporativa. O presente trabalho, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, visou conceituar o sistema de logística reversa, ainda pouco debatido no Brasil, a fim de verificar a sua aplicabilidade nas organizações brasileiras, não como um ônus à finalidade central lucrativa, mas como um meio plausível de direcioná-las à sustentabilidade, segundo o conceito de capital natural, sob o viés defendido por Tercek e Adamns, com a possibilidade de ser uma alternativa capaz de desenvolver as empresas de lucrativa e, ao mesmo tempo, sustentável.
Uso de suplementação alimentar na musculação: revisão integrativa da literatura brasileira
Authors: Carvalho Jefferson de Oliveira , Oliveira Bérgson Nogueira de , Machado André Accioly Nogueira , Machado Eduardo Pinto , Oliveira Braulio Nogueira de
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a literatura cientifica brasileira acerca do uso dos suplementos alimentares em relação aos praticantes de musculação. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), no mês de novembro de 2016, utilizando os termos “musculação” e “suplemento”. Inicialmente surgiram 244 estudos, dentre os quais somente seis foram tidos como relevantes para compor o estudo. Os resultados apontam pesquisa quantitativa como preferência no delineamento metodológico dos estudos, bem como as regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do país como cenário geográfico. Sugerem a prevalência do uso dos suplementos alimentares com o objetivo principal para o ganho de massa muscular e força, e, desse modo, a maior procura vem em relação às proteínas e aminoácidos, tendo o público masculino como prioritário, com uma preocupação com a estética. Além disso, alertam a influência da mídia, principalmente em relação ao destaque da imagem do “corpo perfeito”, que colabora com a ingestão desnecessária. Dessa forma, os resultados mostram que o uso da suplementação alimentar para os praticantes de musculação é prioritariamente para fins estéticos, com objetivos de ganho de massa muscular ou perda de gordura corporal. Assim, conclui-se que a utilização dos suplementos alimentares cresce cada vez mais, com destaque para os que contém como base, os aminoácidos e as proteínas, tendo como principais consumidores os homens, para fins estéticos e hipertrofia muscular.
Os processos de negócio, a gestão de documentos e os fluxos documentais
Authors: Teixeira Livia Marangon Duffles , Aganette Elisângela Cristina
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo propõe uma discussão entre as temáticas processos de negócios, gestão de documentos e fluxo documental.  O objetivo do diálogo está baseado na necessidade de i) esclarecer a relação entre o processo de negócios, o gerenciamento de documentos e o fluxo documental, e ii) explicar a relevância de considerar os documentos como portadores de conteúdo dinâmico, envolvendo seu próprio fluxo de aprovação e ciclo de vida muitas vezes não completamente ligados ao processo em que os mesmos documentos participam. Para tal, será elaborado um bem fundamentado arcabouço teórico que subsidiará a análise comparativa prática de dois modelos de processos de negócio, onde apenas um deles é contemplado pelos estudos documentais do processo. A construção teórica será capaz de alinhar diferentes áreas do conhecimento à Ciência da Informação, além de enriquecer a sua produção em relação à gestão de informação em relatos de casos. De forma prática, será capaz de demonstrar o impacto da ausência de estudos documentais em projetos de modelagem de processos e contribuir para a prática do profissional da informação.
Cata-ventos pedagógicos: uma proposta metodológica para cursos de graduação na modalidade EAD em uma IES comunitária
Authors: Scremin Greice , Santos Eliane Aparecida Galvão dos , Lunardi Elisiane Machado
Published: September 2018

A necessidade de repensar a formação de profissionais para a atuação na sociedade contemporânea vem desafiando os cursos de formação em termos curriculares e metodológicos. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a proposta metodológica de uma IES comunitária e confessional para Cursos de Graduação, na modalidade EaD. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, bibliográfico e documental. A proposta está pautada nos princípios de relação dialógica, flexibilidade curricular, relação teoria-prática e tecnologia aplicada à educação, a partir de atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Nesse processo, a proposta denominada Cata-ventos Pedagógicos está articulada em núcleos, módulos temáticos e unidades de aprendizagem. Depreende-se que a proposição de novas modalidades de ensino e de inovações metodológicas precisa buscar inovações em relação ao paradigma curricular vigente de formação. Para tanto, faz-se necessário o engajamento da gestão institucional, investindo na valorização da mudança, em infraestrutura e na formação dos professores. Por parte dos docentes, é fundamental que eles assumam o compromisso com o novo projeto e com a reorganização dos tempos e espaços de aprendizagem.
A expansão da educação superior presencial em Santa Catarina (1990-2016)
Authors: De Bastiani Sherlon Cristina , Trevisol Joviles Vitório
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as dinâmicas de desenvolvimento da educação superior no Estado de Santa Catarina. De modo especial, este artigo pretende analisar como se estabelece o atual panorama da graduação na modalidade presencial em Santa Catarina e, com isso, analisa em retrospectiva como esta modalidade vem evoluindo ao longo dos anos. O estudo foi desenvolvido no período entre agosto de 2015 a julho de 2017. Foram utilizados procedimentos e técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas. A pesquisa bibliográfica e documental foi desenvolvida por meio de livros, artigos, teses, dissertações, relatórios e documentos. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos na base de dados dos “tabelões” do INEP, informações do IBGE, consulta aos endereços eletrônicos das instituições de ensino superior pesquisadas e por meio de pedidos de informações via correio eletrônico. Entre outras conclusões, o estudo demonstra que a expansão do ensino superior catarinense se deu, inicialmente, por meio das fundações educacionais de direito privado o que também contribuiu para uma predominância de IES privadas no estado. Do total de IES em 2016, 94% eram privadas (com e sem fins lucrativos), setor que respondia nesse ano por 68,2% das matrículas de graduação presencial.
A linguagem emocional na prática docente online: implicações educacionais cotidianas
Authors: Lima Caroline Costa Nunes , Carvalho Felipe Silva Ponte , Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro
Published: September 2018

Este artigo é fruto de pesquisa recentemente concluída que se propôs a investigar as implicações teórico-práticas da linguagem emocional na docência online. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos, docentes online foram convidados a compartilhar relatos de experiências focalizando seus trabalhos desenvolvidos cotidianamente nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVA). Para isso, a abordagem teórico-metodológica dos estudos com os cotidianos nos auxiliaram a interpretar os relatos produzidos pelos sujeitos. Alguns dos achados dos estudos incluíram a necessidade de (re)pensar o papel do docente online na cibercultura e o uso da linguagem emocional como mediadora nos AVA com a intenção de propiciar o fortalecimento das relações interpessoais construídas nesse espaço. Diante do exposto, este estudo reflete nosso interesse em torno do papel do docente na tarefa de contribuir para uma educação online que coloque em prática uma abordagem pedagógica dialógica com o intuito de enriquecer a experiência educacional.
A presença do pensamento de Paulo Freire em um curso de formação de professores no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Pavan Ruth
Published: September 2018

O artigo é fruto de pesquisa de Pós-doutoramento efetuada em duas instituições universitárias, uma no Brasil e outra em Portugal, que possuem cursos de formação de professores. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a presença do pensamento de Paulo Freire nos cursos de formação de professores. Para isso, utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário aberto, respondido pelo número total de alunos e alunas selecionados para a pesquisa. Podemos concluir, sempre provisoriamente, que a pluralidade de compreensões expressas nas respostas dos alunos e alunas mostra, por um lado, a fragilidade da discussão da obra do autor, mas, por outro, as inúmeras possibilidades que o texto de Paulo Freire apresenta. Nesse sentido, juntamente com os autores e autoras que fazem parte desta pesquisa, reiteramos a pertinência e potencialidade do pensamento de Paulo Freire para a educação.
A avaliação “é a bola girando na roda”: reflexões sobre práticas avaliativas na universidade
Authors: Silva Fabrício Oliveira da , Ribeiro Marinalva Lopes , Almeida Lucile Ruth de Menezes
Published: September 2018

O trabalho analisa como a pesquisa ação-colaborativa se constitui em um espaço de diálogo e reflexão sobre práticas educativas e avaliativas na universidade.  Trata-se de uma dinâmica de pesquisa desenvolvida com docentes de diversas áreas de uma universidade pública do estado da Bahia, que regularmente discutem suas práticas pedagógicas nos contextos de ensino em que atuam. Para este artigo, analisamos as reflexões que faz uma professora do Departamento de Exatas da universidade, com o objetivo de compreender como a docente se insere num movimento autoavaliativo por meio do qual revela e (re)significa suas práticas educativas e avaliativas no contexto do ensino de química. Como dispositivo metodológico, utilizamos narrativas da docente produzidas em forma de relatos orais durante um encontro do grupo de pesquisa. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que, inicialmente, a docente concebe a avaliação da aprendizagem como um processo voltado para aferição, cuja preocupação é com a existência de uma nota como reflexo da aprendizagem. A partilha, a troca de experiências e a autoavaliação sobre as práticas na docência universitária promovem reflexões que reverberam outros modos de compreensão e de desenvolvimento do fazer docente na universidade.
FABRICATION OF PCL-COLLAGEN NANOFIBER USING CHLOROFORM-FORMIC ACID SOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION AS WOUND DRESSING CANDIDATE
Authors: Armeda Tri Prasetyo
Published: September 2018

In this study, polycaprolactone-collagen nanofiber was prepared with 10% w/v composition using a mixture of chloroform-formic acid. PCL was dissolved in chloroform while collagen was dissolved in formic acid. This research carried out optimization of electrospinning parameters such as flow rate, running time, and collector type to obtain optimum and suitable nanofiber to be applied as wound dressing. The most optimum nanofiber is made with flow rate 0.01 μL/h, running time is 3 hours, and using cylinder collector type. Characterization was performed for five different types of PCL-collagen nanofiber with different treatment, which nanofiber made with cylinder collector, plate collector, addition ofcitric acid, heating treatment, and nanofiber without the addition of collagen. PCL-collagen nanofiber produces smaller diameter about 200 - 600 nm. Based on the test of mechanical properties, addition of collagen causes its mechanical properties to be lower when compared to addition of crosslinking agents by heating or citric acid. The cytotoxicity test was carried out for PCL, PCL-collagen withaddition of citric acid, and PCL-collagen nanofiber treated by heating. PCL was chosen to compare the effect of collagen addition onnanofiber against cell viability. Collagen has an important role for growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells in tissue engineering. PCL-collagen nanofiber which treated by heating provides better viability of 83.09% while compared to nanofiber with addition of citric acid, because citric acid acidic properties causing the environment around nanofiber have an extreme pH, it may affect the growth of cells and reduce its viability.Keywords:Nanofiber, PCL, collagen, electrospinning, wound dressing, MTT Assay
Pensando a educação escolar a partir de Williams e Bourdieu
Authors: Lopes Gabriel Barreto , Mariano André Luiz Sena
Published: September 2018

Em torno das disputas históricas pela definição da noção de cultura nas ciências sociais, pode-se destacar o papel assumido por Pierre Bourdieu e Raymond Williams no campo da sociologia da cultura e dos estudos culturais, no que se refere principalmente às questões da produção e reprodução das práticas e obras culturais. Entendendo as especificidades dos campos intelectuais e os contextos específicos em que desenvolvem suas análises, tomar-se-á a ideia de cultura desses dois autores, atentando-se para aproximações e contribuições que suas investigações possibilitam às análises do campo educacional e, principalmente, da cultura escolar.
Trilhando caminhos de alfabetização na escola indígena Laklãnõ/Xokleng
Authors: Hentz Maria Izabel de Bortoli
Published: September 2018

A alfabetização em língua portuguesa envolve muitas facetas, como já indicou Soares. Com base na autora, entende-se que esse processo se complexifica ainda mais para falantes de outra língua. Nesse sentido, pretende-se analisar, neste trabalho, a relação entre a concepção de língua e de alfabetização que fundamentou a aprendizagem e o ensino da leitura e da escrita na escola indígena Laklãnõ/Xokleng em diferentes períodos. Trata-se de estudo documental e bibliográfico, de base interpretativista, fundamentado na perspectiva sócio-histórica. Os resultados apontam que as concepções que fundamentam a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita e o seu ensino pelos sujeitos dessa pesquisa se distinguem significativamente.
NF-kB Nucleoli Crosstalk in Stress Response and the Regulation of Apoptosis
Authors: Chen jingyu , Stark Lesley A
Published: September 2018

Nucleoli are emerging as key sensors of cellular stress and regulators of the downstream consequences on proliferation, metabolism, senescence and apoptosis. NF-kB signalling is activated in response to a similar plethora of stresses, which leads to modulation of cell growth and death programs. Although these pathways are distinct, it is increasingly apparent that they converge at multiple levels. Exposure of cells to certain insults causes a specific type of nucleolar stress that is characterised by degradation of the PolI complex component, TIF-IA, and increased nucleolar size. Recent studies have shown that this atypical nucleolar stress lies upstream of cytosolic IkB degradation and NF-kB nuclear translocation. Under these stress conditions, the RelA component of NF-kB accumulates within functionally altered nucleoli to trigger a nucleophosmin dependent, apoptotic pathway. In this review, we will discuss these points of crosstalk and their relevance to the anti-tumour mechanism of aspirin and small molecule CDK4 inhibitors. We will also briefly discuss how NF-kB-nucleoli crosstalk may be more broadly relevant to the regulation of cellular homeostasis and how it may be exploited for therapeutic purpose.
Statin Therapy and Cognitive Impairment: Benefit or Harm?
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Chikh E. V. , Rebrova E. V. , Ryazanova A. Yu.
Published: September 2018

Statins are now widely used drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia, effective drugs for lowering the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and also for reducing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. It is believed that statins are well tolerated. However, the potential relationship between statins and cognitive impairment in some people is assumed. This review paper was written in the light of the search for information on a specific problem of the potential adverse effects of statins on the cognitive function. The purpose of the article is to seek advice for health professionals on monitoring and reducing the risk of potential cognitive impairment during statin therapy. Rosuvastatin may be safer amongst statins in terms of influencing cognitive function. Evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in patients before starting therapy with statins is not necessary. Therapy with statins is not accompanied by a risk of developing cognitive dysfunction according to cohort and randomized studies. The presence of cognitive dysfunction and the exclusion of other possible causes of it, as well as the evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio for the abolition of statin therapy, are necessary in detecting cognitive dysfunction during statin therapy. A decrease in the dose of statin or the cessation of its use to assess the reversibility of symptoms is possible on the basis of the individual characteristics of the patient. Alternative replacement for another inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase should occur if the statin is discontinued. A drug that less penetrates the blood-brain barrier, for example rosuvastatin, is more preferable.
Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Shirobokikh O. E.
Published: September 2018

The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic syndrome has attracted massive attention in the past decade. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the metabolic potential of gut microbiota can be identified as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, obesity, diabetes mellitus. The gut-host interaction occurs through many pathways including trimethylamine-N-oxide pathway (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids pathways. TMAO (the hepatic oxidation product of the microbial metabolite of trimethylamine) enhances platelet hyperreactivity and thrombosis risk and predicts major adverse cardiovascular events. Short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids, which are produced with the help of microbiota, can modulate host lipid metabolism as well as carbohydrate metabolism through several receptors such as G-protein-coupled receptors 41,43, farnesoid X-receptor, Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5. This way microbiota can impact host lipid levels, processes of weight gain, insulin sensitivity. Besides these metabolism-dependent pathways, there are some other pathways, which link microbiota and the pathogenesis of CVD. For example, lipopolysaccharide, the major component of the outer bacterial membrane, causes metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade systemic inflammation and contribute this way to obesity and progression of heart failure and atherosclerosis. This review aims to illustrate the complex interplay between microbiota, their metabolites, and the development and progression of CVD and metabolic syndrome. It is also discussed how modulating of gut microbiota composition and function through diet, prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can become a novel therapeutic and preventative target for CVD and metabolic syndrome. Many questions remain unresolved in this field and undoubtedly further studies are needed.
Culture of Bone Biopsy Specimens Overestimates Rate of Residual Osteomyelitis After Toe or Forefoot Amputation
Authors: Mijuskovic B. , Kuehl R. , Widmer A.F. , Jundt G. , Frei R. , Gürke L. , Wolff T.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Guidelines recommend both histological analysis and culture for definite diagnosis of osteomyelitis. It is not clear if histological and culture criteria can be used interchangeably in the clinical scenario of toe amputation. We therefore prospectively compared the results of intraoperative culture and those of histological examination in this setting.

Methods:

Consecutive patients requiring toe or forefoot amputation at the University Hospital Basel during a 2-year period were included in the study. Biopsy specimens from the residual bone were cultured according to microbiological standards. Histological analysis was performed using standardized criteria for osteomyelitis. Clinical outcomes were assessed retrospectively via chart review.

Results:

Of 51 patients included in the study, 33 (65%) had a positive culture of residual bone and 14 (27%) showed histological signs of osteomyelitis. A negative histological result but a positive culture was found for 21 (41%) of the patients, suggesting that culture has a high false-positive rate if histological analysis is used as the reference to rule out osteomyelitis. The recommended criteria of both positive histological findings and positive culture were fulfilled by 12 (24%) of the 51 patients.

Conclusions:

Positive cultures of residual bone after forefoot or toe amputation overestimate the true rate of osteomyelitis as defined by histological analysis, presumably because of contamination from soft tissue at the time of surgery. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the indications for, and the duration of, antibiotic treatment according to these findings.

Clinical Relevance:

Our results cast doubt on the strategy of relying solely on culture of bone biopsy specimens when deciding whether antibiotic treatment for osteomyelitis is necessary after toe or forefoot amputation.
Quantitative Evaluation of Hip Impingement Utilizing Computed Tomography Measurements
Authors: Kalia Vivek , Fader Ryan F. , Mintz Douglas N. , Bogner Eric A. , Buly Robert L. , Carrino John A. , Kelly Bryan T.
Published: September 2018

* Computed tomography (CT) offers tremendous advantages in the evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), as it allows precise measurements of osseous landmarks and relationships preoperatively and postoperatively.

* Important femoral measurements to make on CT include the alpha angle, modified beta angle, femoral version, femoral head-neck offset, and femoral neck-shaft angle.

* Key acetabular measurements to make on CT include the coronal and sagittal center-edge angles, the Tönnis angle, and the acetabular version.

* Three main settings in which CT imaging is utilized for the evaluation of FAI are preoperative surgical planning using 3-dimensional modeling, the assessment of persistent hip pain after hip arthroscopy or a definitive surgical procedure, and the evaluation of patients requiring revision surgery.

* Extra-articular hip impingement syndromes, including ischiofemoral impingement, subspine impingement, and trochanteric-pelvic impingement, are increasingly recognized as important causes of atypical hip pain, often with delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific presentation and inadequate clinical and imaging workup.
The Impact of Common Urologic Complications on the Risk of a Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Punjani Nahid , Lanting Brent , McClure J. Andrew , Winick-Ng Jennifer , Welk Blayne
Published: September 2018

Background:

Periprosthetic infections after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are substantial complications, and there are conflicting reports of their association with urologic complications. Our objective was to determine whether urinary tract infection (UTI) and acute urinary retention (AUR) are significant risk factors for joint infections after THA or TKA.

Methods:

We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of patients who were ≥66 years old when they underwent an initial THA or TKA between April 2003 and March 2013. Investigated exposures included a UTI presenting for treatment within 2 years after joint replacement, as well as AUR within 30 days after THA or TKA. The primary outcome was joint infection requiring hospital admission following THA or TKA (which had to occur within 2.25 years after THA or TKA for the UTI exposure or 120 days for the AUR exposure).

Results:

A total of 113,061 patients met the inclusion criteria and had arthroplasties (44,495 THAs and 68,566 TKAs) during the study period. The median age was 74 years (interquartile range [IQR], 70 to 79 years). Of those patients, 28,256 (25.0%) had at least 1 UTI and they were more likely to be older and female; to have had previous antibiotic exposure, cystoscopy, or urinary retention; and to have atrial fibrillation. Most of those UTIs were coded as nonspecific UTI, and the patient was seen for outpatient treatment in a non-emergency department setting. A total of 2,516 patients (2.2%) had AUR within 30 days of the procedure. Those patients were more likely to be older and male, to have medical comorbidities, to have had previous transurethral procedures or cystoscopy and previous urology visits, and to have received a general anesthetic during their procedure. A total of 1,262 patients (1.1%) had joint infection requiring hospital admission. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, UTI was associated with an increased risk of joint infection (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14 to 1.28]; p < 0.01). However multivariate analysis did not demonstrate an association between AUR and joint infection (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.64]; p = 0.98).

Conclusions:

UTI was associated with increased risk of hip or knee periprosthetic joint infection, whereas AUR was not a significant risk factor. Timely and appropriate treatment of symptomatic UTIs in this patient population may be important to prevent periprosthetic joint infection.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect of Local Versus Intravenous Corticosteroids on the Likelihood of Dysphagia and Dysphonia Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Jenkins Tyler James , Nair Rueben , Bhatt Surabhi , Rosenthal Brett David , Savage Jason W. , Hsu Wellington K. , Patel Alpesh A.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Dysphagia and dysphonia are the most common postoperative complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Although most postoperative dysphagia is mild and transient, severe dysphagia can have profound effects on overall patient health and on surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of local to intravenous (IV) steroid administration during ACDF on postoperative dysphagia and dysphonia.

Methods:

This was a single-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Seventy-five patients undergoing ACDF with cervical plating were randomized into 3 groups: control (no steroid), IV steroid (10 mg of IV dexamethasone at the time of closure), or local steroid (40 mg of local triamcinolone). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected for dysphagia, dysphonia, and neck pain postoperatively for 1 year.

Results:

Patient demographics were similar. Postoperative day 1 PROMs showed significantly lower scores for dysphonia (p = 0.015) and neck pain (p = 0.034) in the local steroid group. At 2 weeks postoperatively, the local steroid cohort showed significantly decreased prevalence of severe dysphagia (Eating Assessment Tool-10 [EAT-10], severe dysphagia, p = 0.027) compared with the control and IV steroid groups. Both steroid groups had significantly less severe dysphagia when compared with the control group at the 6-week and 3-month time points. At 1 year postoperatively, both steroid groups had significantly reduced dysphagia rates (p = 0.014) compared with the control group.

Conclusions:

Both local and IV steroid administration after cervical plating in ACDF yielded better PROMs for dysphagia compared with a control group. This finding is particularly evident in the reduced number of patients who reported severe dysphagia symptoms following ACDF with local steroid application within the first 2 postoperative weeks. Future studies should attempt to stratify dysphagia severity when reporting outcomes related to anterior cervical spine surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fixation Strategy Using Sequential Intraoperative Examination Under Anesthesia for Unstable Lateral Compression Pelvic Ring Injuries Reliably Predicts Union with Minimal Displacement
Authors: Avilucea Frank R. , Archdeacon Michael T. , Collinge Cory A. , Sciadini Marcus , Sagi H. Claude , Mir Hassan R.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Examination under anesthesia (EUA) has been used to identify pelvic instability. Surgeons may utilize percutaneous methods for posterior and anterior pelvic ring stabilization. We developed an intraoperative strategy whereby posterior fixation is performed, with reassessment using sequential EUA to determine the need for anterior fixation. Our aim in the current study was to evaluate whether this strategy reliably results in union with minimal displacement.

Methods:

This was a multicenter retrospective study involving adult patients with closed lateral compression (LC) pelvic ring injuries treated during the period of 2013 to 2016. Included were patients who underwent percutaneous pelvic fixation based on sequential EUA. Data points included patient demographics, injury and fixation details, and displacement as observed on follow-up radiographs.

Results:

Complete documentation was available for 74 patients (mean age, 41 years). The mean duration of follow was 11 months. Fifty-three of the patients had LC-1 injuries, 19 had LC-2 injuries, and 2 had LC-3 injuries. Twenty-five (47.2%) of the 53 patients with LC-1 and 11 (57.9%) of the 19 patients with LC-2 injuries did not undergo anterior fixation on the basis of the algorithm. The 36 LC-1 or LC-2 patients who underwent combined anterior and posterior fixation had no measurable displacement at union. Of the 36 LC-1 or LC-2 patients with no anterior fixation, 27 with unilateral rami fractures had no measurable displacement at union. The remaining 9 LC-1 or LC-2 cases with no anterior fixation had bilateral superior and inferior rami fractures; each of these patients demonstrated displacement (mean, 7.5 mm; range, 5 to 12 mm) within 6 weeks of fixation that remained until union. All patients had protected weight-bearing for 12 weeks.

Conclusions:

A fixation strategy based on sequential intraoperative EUA reliably results in union with minimal displacement for unstable LC pelvic ring injuries. Injuries requiring combined anterior and posterior fixation healed with no displacement. Those without anterior fixation and a unilateral ramus fracture healed with no displacement. In the presence of bilateral rami fractures, even with a negative finding on sequential EUA, the pelvis healed with 7.5 mm average displacement. Surgeons may consider anterior fixation to prevent this displacement.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Perubahan Harga Saham Perusahaan Tekstil dan Garmen di Indonesia
Authors: Sriyono Sriyono , Solihah Aminatus
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the implications of net profit margins, debt to equity ratio and quick ratio to stock prices. The population used is various textile and garment subsector industries in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The results showed that the net profit margin had a significant and positive influence on stock prices while capital structure and quick ratio had no significant effect on stock prices. Managerial implications of research that textile and garment companies prioritize corporate profitability to increase stock prices.
Sustainability Marketing Tourism pada Kampung Wisata
Authors: Cahyanti Mega Mirasaputri , Iliyawati Wachidatuz Zuhria
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of the concept of green marketing to influence tourists' intentions to avoid future damage for new rural tourism. Meanwhile, quantitative research method used in this research, and also this research type was descriptive research, sampling technique used was incidental purposive sampling that was tourists on rural tourism like “Kampung Wisata in Malang” as much as 200 tourists. Analysis technique using regression analysis. The result of this research was green product, green promotion, people, price, and  physical evidence had  significant effect to intention to maintain the sustainability of rural tourism. But  procedure and place had  no significant effect to intention to maintain the sustainability of rural tourism. Research implications was that the managers of “Kampung Wisata” add the tourism agenda related to environmental sustainability, the use of promotional media that was eco-green, increasing the involvement of local residents and adding facilities related to environmental sustainability.
Czy regularne trenowanie jogi może mieć związek z efektywniejszym radzeniem sobie ze stresem?
Authors: Ciosek Żaneta , Rusnarczyk Daria , Szylińska Aleksandra , Kot Karolina , Mosiejczuk Hanna , Rotter Iwona
Published: September 2018

STRESZCZENIEWstęp: Słowo joga (Goya) pochodzi od sanskryckiego yij i oznacza: wiązać, łączyć, przywiązywać i skupiać na czymś uwagę. Oznacza także połączenie oraz zjednoczenie. System jogi zebrał i usystematyzował Patańdżali w swojej pracy „Yoga Sittrach”. Joga ma za zadanie ukształtowanie właściwej kultury fizycznej i duchowej (umysł) bez względu na poglądy religijne, pochodzenie oraz przynależność do grupy społecznej. Celem pracy była ocena zależności pomiędzy regularnym trenowaniem jogi a strategią radzenia sobie ze stresem, wartościami ciśnienia tętniczego i występowaniem otyłości brzusznej. Materiał i metody: W badaniach wzięło udział 100 osób podzielonych na 2 grupy. Pierwsza to regularnie trenujący jogę uczniowie szkoły jogi. Druga to spontanicznie wybrane osoby nieuprawiające regularnie żadnego sportu. Badani byli w wieku 18–60 lat. Do uzyskania materiału badawczego użyto kwestionariusz ankiety własnego autorstwa oraz test mini­‍-COPE. Ponadto wykonano badanie ciśnienia tętniczego krwi i obwodu pasa w celu oceny występowania otyłości brzusznej. Wyniki: Wśród osób trenujących jogę zauważono średni mniejszy obwód talii u kobiet 82,8 ±8 w stosunku do mężczyzn 90,3 ±11 (p = 0,034). Prawidłowy obwód w pasie wykazano u 43 (86%) osób trenujących jogę oraz u 34 (68%) osób z grupy kontrolnej. Wskaźnik masy ciała (BMI) również wypadł na korzyść osób trenujących jogę, które przeważały liczebnie o 15 (30%) osób w kategorii BMI w normie. Otyłość centralną i BMI wskazujące na otyłość w grupie jogi wykazano u 10 (20%) osób, a w grupie kontrolnej u 15 (30%) osób. W badaniach autorskich nie stwierdzono istotnej różnicy w średnim ciśnieniu badanych grup. Wnioski: Na podstawie analizy kwestionariusza mini­‍-COPE osoby regularnie trenujące jogę wybierają bardziej efektywne strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem. Regularne uprawianie jogi jest czynnikiem zmniejszającym otyłość brzuszną. Mężczyźni trenujący jogę mają wartości ciśnienia tętniczego niższe niż osoby nieuprawiające żadnego sportu.
The effect of risk leverage on investors’ preferences in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Shaferi Intan , Dhani Laksana Rio , Wahyudi Sugeng
Published: September 2018

Financial resources have become one of the funding policies considered by companies. The financial resources can come from internal and external sources. Leverage is used as one of the policies to get external source of funds. By using leverage, companies have additional funds that can be used for their operations and investments. When a company decided to use leverage as a financing policy, it is expected to get enough funds to finance its business. Raising the funds will lead to better company’s financial performance. However, on the other hand, by raising funds, the company also needs to consider the risks. Thus, leverage is related to risk. Then, risk is one of the considerations for investors to think about.This research aims to examine the effect of risk leverage and hopefully can give illustration for investors in analyzing the risks of investors’ preferences. Besides, other variables used are size and profitability. These two variables are also the ground for considering risks. With pooled data analysis, this research was conducted on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the five-year period from 2012 until 2016. The result shows that leverage, profitability and size have significant effects on risk.