bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Reader and Writer Responsibility in Academic English
Authors: MacKenzie Ian
Published: February 2015

There is a growing perception that English used as a lingua franca does not need to resemble English as a native language, but can include a great deal of lexicogrammatical variation. However, a more fundamental matter is whether research articles written in English need to conform to the dominant linear, deductive, ‘Anglo’ pattern of text organization, or whether non-native English speakers should be free to transfer rhetorical patterns from their L1s into English, such as, e.g., an inductive, indirect, end-weighted form of argumentation, perhaps with a less-assertive conclusion. Hinds (1987) describes the latter style of writing as “reader-responsible,” as opposed to the “writer-responsible” Anglo-American style, arguing that it requires a great deal more inferential work on the part of the reader. Yet from a relevance theory perspective it appears unlikely that a culture would choose to impose unnecessary additional processing effort on readers. The perception of difficulty is an etic perspective: analysts from “writer-responsible” cultures imagine the processing effort that would be necessary in their culture to make sense of “reader-responsible” texts. Indirect, inductive rhetorical styles do not cause problems for readers accustomed to them. Given that most academic writing in English is for an international audience, non-native English-speaking researchers – and indeed native English speakers too – should be free to adopt a range of styles, or some sort of heterogeneous hybrid, depending on their perceptions of their readers’ expectations. A further issue is whether researchers who have reservations about ‘Anglo’ styles of writing, e.g. in the social sciences or literary and cultural theory, should encourage non-native English speakers to imitate the noun-heavy, nominalized, passivized, syntactically-complex style dominant in these fields.
Nine Types of Turn-taking in Interpreter-mediated GP Consultations
Authors: Li Shuangyu
Published: February 2015

This research investigated the systematicity of turn-taking organisation in naturally occurring GP consultations where either a professional or an ad hoc interpreter was involved to mediate language discordant doctor-patient talk-in-interaction. I found that participants systematically organise their turns to speak, following one of the nine types of turn-taking organisation identified in this study disregarding the patient’s native language and culture, the type of interpreter and their interpreting proficiency. The effect turn-taking organisation has on communication varies in different contexts. Teaching doctors about the cause and effect relation between turn-taking and communication outcomes may help them improve their clinical communication.
Can mitochondrial malondialdehyde content be a useful tool to evaluate sea lamprey juveniles’ capacity to seawater acclimatization?
Authors: Candeias Marta , Alves-Pereira Isabel , João Lança Maria , Ferreira Ana Filipa , Quintella Bernardo R. , Almeida Pedro R. , Ferreira Rui
Published: February 2015

The sea lamprey is an anadromous species that migrates twice during its life cycle between freshwater and seawater. Microphagous larvae generally spend 4–5 years burrowed in the substrate of rivers and streams before undergoing metamorphosis that ends with the beginning of the juvenile trophic migration. Once metamorphosis is complete, sea lamprey juvenile downstream migrants are fully tolerant to seawater salinity. Pollution resulting from industrial effluents may disturb the seawater acclimatization causing oxidative damage, and ultimately may lead to a decrease of sea lamprey population. The aim of this study was to compare salt acclimation of sea lamprey juveniles captured in river basins with different levels of aquatic pollution, using mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of gills and liver as markers of physiological stress and cell damage. The results showed that juveniles from the Lima basin exhibited the highest levels of mitochondrial MDA in gills, even though significant changes in the stress markers of mitochondrial gills of all animals subject to salt acclimation were not detected. In addition, an increase in the oxidative damage of hepatic mitochondria of macrophthalmia from the Vouga basin suggests the occurrence of metabolic failures with the potential to disturb the capacity to adaptation to the marine environment.
Die Vielteilchen-T-Matrix und ihre Anwendung in der Theorie realer Gase von mittlerer Dichte.
Authors: Baerwinkel K .
Published: February 2015

The formalism of the many-body T matrix suitable for application in nonequilibrium is presented. The corresponding approximation together with a density-expansion is applied to the general equation of motion due to Kadanoff-Baym . Correction terms to the Boltzmann-Landau equation are obtained.
Electronic Spectra of Thiocyanate, Selenocyanate, and Azide Complexes of Manganese, Vanadium, and Indium
Authors: Schmidtke H.-H. , Garthoff D .
Published: February 2015

The anions Mn(NCS)4
2-, Mn(NCS)6
4-, Mn(NCSe)4
2-, Mn(NCSe)6
4-, Mn(N3)4
2-, V(NCS)6
3-, V(NCSe)6
3-, V(N3)6
3-, VO(NCS)5
3-, VO(NCSe)4
2-, VO(N3)4
2- , and In(NCS)6
3- have been prepared and crystallized with large organic cations. The complexes are characterized by elementary analyses, diffuse reflectance spectra in the visible and ultraviolet region, and by infrared spectroscopy. Ligand field and charge transfer bands of electronic transitions are interpreted by usual theoretical proce­dures. The parameters of semiempirical theories are calculated. From the charge transfer spectra the values ϰ(MnII)=1.9; ϰ(VIII)=1.8; ϰ(VO2+) =1.5; ϰ(InIII) =1.2 are determined for the optical orbital energy parameters.
Magnetische Relaxation in Glycerin
Authors: Noack F . , Preissing G .
Published: February 2015

Proton nuclear magnetic relaxation times in pure glycerol and glycerol water mixtures have been measured in the frequency range from 450 kHz . . . 120 MHz from -20 °C .. . 70 °C. The results cannot be interpreted in terms of the well-known distributions of dielectric correlation times (Log-Gaussian, Cole-Davidson etc.), as has been proposed recently. Instead a new type of distribution function, called "diffusion-distribution", is introduced.
Abstandsgesetz des Energieübergangs aus Messung der sensibilisierten Fluoreszenz
Authors: Möbius D.
Published: February 2015

Durch Energieübertragung von einer angeregten monomolekularen Schicht eines Sensibilisators S zu einer monomolekularen Schicht eines Akzeptors A wird die Fluoreszenz von S gelöscht und die Fluoreszenz von A sensibilisiert. Aus der Messung der Fluoreszenzlöschung von S wird der kritische Abstand d0 des Systems bestimmt. Aus der Messung der sensibilisierten Fluoreszenz von A ergibt sich ein Abstandsgesetz, das dem der Fluoreszenzlöschung entspricht, und man findet einen Abstand d0 , der gut mit dem aus der Fluoreszenzlöschung von S bestimmten Wert übereinstimmt.
rs-Struktur von Dimethylsulfoxid im Vergleich zur r0-Struktur
Authors: Feder W. , Dreizler H. , Rudolph H. D. , Typke V.
Published: February 2015

From 9 microwave rotational spectra of 7 isotopic species of dimethyl sulfoxide the restructure of the molecule has been calculated. However, one H-atom is positioned so near a principal inertial plane that one coordinate could not be reliably determined. A special double substitution method aimed at improving this remaining coordinate was applied with limited success; r0-structure calcu­lations were performed and discussed based on differently chosen sets of isotopic spectra. The tor­sional fine structure due to the internal CH3-rotation was reanalyzed with improved structural para­meters.
Notizen: Zur Abhängigkeit der spezifischen Wärme von Beryllium bei tiefen Temperaturen von den Verunreinigungen der Probe
Authors: Gmelin E.
Published: February 2015

Comparing the low temperature heat capacities of Beryllium,

measured by various authors we conclude that the Debye
temperature at 0 °K and the electronic specific heat of Be are
strongly dependend on small impurities (≦10 000 ppm) in
the sample. This idea is confirmed by the results of specific
heat measurements of three Be-samples, having various purities.
Zur elektromagnetischen Strahlung magnetfeldfreier Elektronenplasmawellen bei isotropem und anisotropem Gasdruck
Authors: Bessenrodt R .
Published: February 2015

In previous studies the electromagnetic radiation resulting from nonlinear self-interaction of electron plasma waves was treated by taking the electron pressure to be isotropic. Here we determine the radiation flux in the far field of the disturbance for the anisotropic case, too. By assuming statistical homogeneity in space and time and accounting only for pair correlations of the particle density the mean flux near the second harmonic of the plasma frequency can be expressed by the energy spectrum of the primary waves. As an application we find approximate formulae for coronal conditions (type II and III bursts). The anisotropy corrections are of the order (a/c)2 (a=electron sound velocity, c = velocity of light).
Untersuchungen an Kratern von Mikroprojektilen im Geschwindigkeitsbereich von 0,5 bis 10 km/sec
Authors: Rudolph V.
Published: February 2015

Iron spheres of μ-size were accelerated by a modified 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator to velocities from 0.5 to 10 km/sec. With these particles craters were produced in metal targets. The dimensions of the craters were measured by an electron microscope (Stereoscan). Systematical measurements were made for lead, cadmium, silver, copper and aluminum targets. The dependence of the crater diameter, depth and volume as function of the mass and the velocity of the projectile and of the target material is described.
Zufallswege und Reaktionen atomarer Gitterfehler in Modellkristallen.
Authors: Mehrer Helmut
Published: February 2015

A Monte-Carlo method for the simulation of random walks and reactions of point defects in a lattice has been developed. It allows a physically more realistic treatment of point defect annealing than rate equations of diffusion theory. In this paper (I) the simulated annealing of monovacancies at an inexhaustible sink is compared with the results of the diffusion theory. Subsequently the method is applied to the precipitation of mono- and divacancies in an fee lattice.
Elektronenoptischer Phasenkontrast
Authors: Reimer L.
Published: February 2015

Complex atomic scattering amplitudes calculated by the WKB-method and verified experimentally in earlier work are used to compute the decrease in intensity if imaging single atoms, plane arrays of atoms or atomic monolayers, especially of platinum atoms. By calculating the decrease of intensity in the centre of an atomic image for a large number of different objective apertures α and defocussing parameters Δf one gets a better survey for the limits of optimal underfocus. We used constants of spherical aberration Cö = 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mm. The energy of the electrons is 100 keV. Some calculations are done up to 1200 keV.

The use of complex scattering amplitudes does not justify to distinguish between amplitude and phase contrast. Both limiting cases are obtatined in the used theory. Two platinum atoms in nearest distance can be resolved in the optimal underfocus only for Cö= 0 .5 and 1 mm. But for larger Cö there exists a region at larger α with a much better resolution. These results show that there is a continuous transition from the resolution of an atomic pair up to that of the lattice planes in crystal films.

Disks of 7 and 19 atoms in a two-dimensional dense packing are calculated and some deviations in optimal focus are found compared to the results of single atoms. At low α beyond the Bragg angle of the dense packed atomic rows no large difference exist if varying Cö and α. The single atoms are not resolved, but the decrease of intensity should be large enough for observation. Further calculations have been done about the contrast of a mono-atomic layer considering the influence of a vacancy too.

The influence of a finite aperture of illumination and the energy distribution of the electrons are considered by folding the results with a distribution like a Gaussian error function.
Lichtemission im Vakuumultraviolett durch Elektronenstoßanregung in Gasen
Authors: Sroka W.
Published: February 2015

Nearly monochromatic electrons of low energy (0 - 200 eV) which pass through nitrogen of small pressure dissociate the N2 molecule in a single collision into excited atoms or ions which emit a radiation in the extreme ultraviolet. The registered wavelengths can be attributed to known transitions. The excitation functions and appearance potentials of these dissociation processes are measured. In some cases the electron configuration of the second dissociation product can be determined from the appearance potentials. Furthermore it is shown that the gas-ionizing radiation of N2 is due to these dissociation processes.
Partielle Interferenzfunktionen und elektrischer Widerstand von geschmolzenen Silber-Magnesium-Legierungen
Authors: Bühner Hans F. , Steeb Siegfried
Published: February 2015

According to the theory of Faber and Ziman the electrical resistivity of Ag-Mg alloys was calculated from X-ray diffraction data. The pseudo-potentials of Animalu and Heine were used. The calculated results agree well with the data measured by the rotating field method. The calculation of partial interference functions for the different kinds of alloy systems are discussed extensively.
Determination of Diffusion Coefficient of Cation Vacancies in Nickel Oxide
Authors: Morlotti Romano
Published: February 2015

Polycrystalline NiO samples were equilibrated with different oxygen partial pressures from 10-3 to 1 Atm in the temperature range 750 °C -1000 °C.

Transient electrical conductivity was measured until a new equilibrium was attained after changing the oxygen partial pressure. By the time dependence of the electrical conductivity in isothermal conditions the diffusion coefficient of nickel vacancies was determined.

Using the pertinent value for the vacancies equilibrium concentration, the self-diffusion coefficient of nickel in nickel oxide was obtained in good agreement with literature data.
Resonanzeinfang langsamer Elektronen in Äthan und Propan
Authors: Huber B.
Published: February 2015

By means of a time-of-flight method the electron drift velocity ν_ in ethane was measured at densities between N = 1,5 · 1019 and 1,1 · 1021 cm-3 (450 Torr ≦p20 ≦ 33390 Torr). Below E/N = 10-18 and above E/N = 10-16 Vcm2 (E/p20 < 0,03 and > 3,3) ν_ is independent of density N, in the intermediate region ν_ decreases at a given E/N with increasing density. This means a violation of the similarity rule. As function of E/N at a given X the relative drift velocity q = ν_ (p)/v (450 Torr) shows a resonance curve with a minimum at E/N = 6,5 · 10-18 {E/p20 - 0,2). This effect can be described, assuming that the electron is attached to the C2H6- molecule for a short time τ. The cross section for the electron attachment, Qa, has a resonance maximum at electron energies of ~ 80 meV. Qa is shown to be ≦ 10-15 cm2 and the life time to be ≦ 10-14 sec. - In propane a similar density-effect is found.
Notizen:Moleküleigenschaften des F2 nach dem SCF-MO-LC(LCGO)-Verfahren
Authors: Janoschek R.
Published: February 2015

Das F2 wurde unter Berücksichtigung aller Elektronen mit dem ALLGEMEINEN PROGRAMMSYSTEM/SCF-MO-LC (LCGO)-VERFAHREN für einige Kernlagen behandelt. Im Energieminimum ergab sich eine Gesamtenergie von - 198.1137 at. E., ein Gleichgewichtsabstand von 1.408 Å sowie eine Ionisierungsenergie von 17,40 eV. Die Schwingungsfrequenz wurde zu 1118 cm-1 berechnet. Nach einer Abschätzungsformel ergab sich weiter die Bindungsenergie des F2-Moleküls zu 1,62 eV (Dissoziationsenergie 1,54 eV).

The F2-molecule has been calculated by means of the GENERAL SCF-MO-LC (LCGO) PROGRAM SYSTEM for some nuclear configurations. In the minimum energy there was found a total energy of -198.1137 atomic units, an equilibrium distance of 1.408 Å as well as an ionization energy of 17.40 eV. The frequency of vibration gave 1118 cm-1. After an estimation formula the bond energy for the F2-molecule led to 1.62 eV (dissociation energy 1.54 eV).
Rare Gas Diffusion in NaCl
Authors: Matzke Hj. , Rickers G. , Sørensen G.
Published: February 2015

The mobility (diffusion and trapping) of the heavy rare gases Kr, Xe, and Rn in pure and doped NaCl single crystals was measured following ion bombardment to various integrated doses (108 to 2X1016 ions/cm2) and at energies between 30 and 500 keV. No obvious effect of doping on release was found. At low gas concentrations, release was compatible with volume diffusion yielding an acti­vation enthalpy, ΔH, of 1.5 ±0.2 eV. This value was obtained for both very low and very high bombardment energies (≈ 1 and 500 keV) thus indicating that the same release mechanism is operative near the surface and in the bulk material. For this release mechanism, a mobility in small vacancy clusters was suggested. At higher gas concentrations, the release was shifted towards higher temperatures. This retarded release was explained by transient trapping, i. e. by gas-gas or gas-damage interactions, and was shown to have a partially single jump character. Again, the result was the same for low and high bombardment energies.
Mischungseffekte binärer Systeme aus Benzol und einigen seiner Quasi-Dimeren
Authors: Schreiber H. , Woerner F.
Published: February 2015

Es wird gezeigt, daß experimentelle Daten von Exzeßgrößen bei +35 °C der Systeme Benzol - o,o'-Ditolyl. Benzol - Diphenylmethan und Diphenylmethan - o,o'-Ditolyl durch Ansätze der Theorie des Durchschnittspotentials unter alleiniger Berücksichtigung der Größenunterschiede der Moleküle gut wiedergegeben werden können. Dagegen ergeben sich beim System Benzol - Diphenyl Diskre­ panzen.
Zur optim alen Auskopplung bei gefalteten Lasern hoher Verstärkung
Authors: Rosenberger D.
Published: February 2015

The optimum transmission coefficient and power output of folded high-gain lasers are calculated assuming homogeneous line broadening and a uniform distribution of the unsaturated gain over the cross section. The results are applied to CO2 lasers with high mode density.
Zur Kinetik der Ionenaustauscher III. Die Filmdiffusion bei vollständigen Umbeladungen
Authors: Bunzel Kurt
Published: February 2015

The selectivity coefficient K2
1 of an ion-exchange process is in general a function of the ionic composition of the material. As a result, the value of K2
1 will change continuously during a com­plete conversion of the ion-exchanger. Equations for the kinetics of such a conversion with variable K2
1 are given for a film diffusion controlled ion-exchange reaction.
Untersuchung der Hyperfeinstruktur des 5s25d2D3/2-und 5s26d2D3/2-Terms im In I-Spektrum durch Resonanzstreuung von Licht im äußeren Magnetfeld / Hyper fine Structure Investigation of the 5s25d2D3/2- and 5s26d2Ds3/2-States of the ln I-Spectrum by Resonance Scattering of Light in an External Magnetic Field
Authors: Brieger M. , Bucka H. , Reichelt A. , Zimmermann P.
Published: February 2015

Using an Indium atomic beam as absorber the resonance fluorescence of the transitions 5d2D3/2 - 5p2P1/2 (λ = 3039 Å) and 6d2D3/2-5p2P 1/2 (λ=2560 Å) was measured as a function of an external magnetic field. In both states two signals were observed at magnetic fields, where three level crossings occur. The observed line shape is discussed for the case of overlapping level crossing components with regard to radiation width and hyperfine structure splitting. The experimental results can be described by the following values for the lifetime τ and the hyperfine structure constants A and B :

5d2D3/2: | A|=(64.5±1.0) Mc/sec·gJ/0.8; B/A = - 0.59±0.17;

τ = ( 7.0± 0.4) · 10-9 sec · 0.8/gJ ;

6d2D3/2: | A | =(72.1 ±0.3) Mc/sec·gJ/0.8 ; B/A = - 0.47 ±0.05;

τ = (25.5±1 ) ·10-9 sec-0.8/gJ .

The values and the sign of the hyperfine structure constants indicate interconfiguration mixing.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von Defekten in ionenbestrahltem Silicium
Authors: Kleinhenz K
Published: February 2015

Starting from bulk single crystals, thin silicon foils had been prepared for transmission electron microscopy and afterwards bombarded by ions. The dependence of the growth of defect clusters on nature of ions, ion energy, duration of bombardment, and foil temperature has been investigated. A model of the formation of the defects could be obtain analysing them by means of selected area diffraction and dark-field technique.
Zur Lumineszenzschädigung von ZnS/Cu
Authors: Grasser R. , Scharmann A.
Published: February 2015

The resistance to radiation damage of the blue and green emission bands of ZnS/Cu is found to vary with mass, energy and dose of incident ions. The experimental results are discussed with Schön’s kinetic model and our proposed model for luminescent centers in ZnS.
Heat and Diffusion Fluxes in a Multicomponent Ionized Gas in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Devoto R. S.
Published: February 2015

Ordinary and thermal diffusion as well as heat flux in a dilute, ionized, multicomponent monoatomic gas in a magnetic field are considered with the Chapman-Enskog-Burnett method. It is shown how, with certain modifications, the usual expressions for the properties of an un-ionized monatomic gas may be applied to this case. The expression for the diffusion flux is compared with the momentum equation suggested by Schliiter.
Use of the M&S Configuration in Theta Pinches
Authors: Wolf G
Published: February 2015

The M & S configuration gives equilibrium for a toroidal plasma without net current in the azimuthal direction and without rotational transform. Explicit solutions are obtained only for the restricted cases β=0, and β ≦ 1 in the surface current model, but configurations with continuous pressure profile are proved to exist. The use of the M & S configuration to confine a toroidal theta pinch plasma leads to problems in the establishment of the equilibrium and in particular in its stability.

The stability of the M & S configuration is investigated for the simplified case of the corrugated linear theta pinch. LIMPUS. This configuration is theoretically unstable with respect to m ≧ 1 flutes. Mechanisms to suppress these modes are based on finite gyroradii stabilisation for m ≧ 2. and on the conducting wall for m = 1, the latter case being limited to very high β. No m 2 instabilities are observed experimentally, although m = 1 instabilities with growth times agreeing with MHD theory are detected. An extrapolation of these results to an M & S configuration gives τm&s/τD≈ (ξ0/τD)1/2 where τD is the average minor radius, ξ0 an initial deviation from the M & S equilibrium position, and τ M&S and τD are the M & S confinement time and the toroidal drift time, respectively. M&S experiments with theta pinch plasmas near 10 eV, τm&S is extended by a factor 3 - 4 beyond τD , which is in agreement with the above relation. This suggest firstly, that the M & S configurations investigated are an adequate approximation to the required equi­librium, and, secondly, that the MHD instabilities substantially limit the confinement time.

Simple models show that oscillating axial currents, a steady axial motion of the LIMPUS mag­netic field configuration or a standing wave like oscillation can suppress the instabilities mentioned. Experiments on such dynamic stabilisation are in progress.
Soft-Core Model in Nuclear Matter Calculations
Authors: Kar R , Roy M
Published: February 2015

Using a Thomas-Fermi method developed by KUMAR, LE COUTEUR and ROY 1 , it is shown here that the two-body soft-core potential suggested by KÖHLER and WAGMARE 2 does not give rise to correct binding energy and equilibrium density in nuclear matter calculations.
Ein level-crossing-Experiment zur Untersuchung der Hyperfeinstruktur des angeregten 32P3/2-Zustandes von 23Na
Authors: Baumann M.
Published: February 2015

The hyperfine structure of the 32P3/2-state of 23Na has been investigated by means of the level-crossing-technique. Δm =2 and Δm = 1 crossing signals were detected by observing the field-dependence of the polarization of the fluorescence radiation in a magnetic field. From a detailed analysis of the experimental signal curves one obtains the magnetic hfs splitting constant A = (18.8 + 0.15) MHz, the electric quadrupole interaction constant B = (2.9 + 0.3) MHz and the lifetime of the excited 32P3/2-state τ= (1.59 + 0.04)·10-8 sec. The nuclear electric quadrupole moment deduced from the ratio B/A is Q (23Na) = (0.124 ± 0.015)·10-24 cm2 (without Sternheimer correction).
Level crossing-Experimente an den Heliumzuständen 33D und 43D bei Ionenstoßanregung
Authors: Buchhaupt K.
Published: February 2015

Es wurden die Halbwertsbreiten der Hanle-Effekt-Signale der Heliumzustände 33D und 43D als Funktion des Heliumdruckes bestimmt. Mit Hilfe des Dichtematrixformalismus gelang es, den mittleren g-Faktor abzuschätzen und die Lebensdauern der Zustände zu

τ (33D) = 22 ns und τ(43D) = 36 ns

zu berechnen. Außerdem konnten aus den Druckabhängigkeiten der Lebensdauern die Wirkungsquerschnitte für die Zerstörung der Ausrichtung (alignment) durch Stöße mit Heliumatomen im Grundzustand bestimmt werden

σ̅(2)(33D) =7·10-14 cm2, σ̅(2) (43D) = 4·10-14 cm2 (T = 293 °K).

Aus der Lage der level crossing-Signale ergaben sich die folgenden Feinstrukturaufspaltungen

⊿ (33D3-33D2) = (74,6 ± 1,0) MHz, ⊿ (43D3-43D2) = (35,8 ± 1,0 ) MHz.
Deutung der g-Faktor-Anomalie symmetrisch phenylsubstituierter aromatischer Radikale mit Hilfe eines Hyperkonjugationsmodells
Authors: Plato M. , Möbius K.
Published: February 2015

In a preceding paper we reported on anomalous g-factors of some phenyl-substituted hydro-carbon radicals which show deviations in the order of -1X10-4 from the values predicted by Stone's g-factor theory. This anomaly cannot be explained in the frame of the conventional HMO conjugation model. In this paper we present an explanation of this anomaly which is based on a hyperconjugative coupling between the π-orbitals and the phenyl-σ-orbitals coming into effect by the twisting of the sterically hindered phenyl rings. The predominant effect leading to the observed general reduction of the g-factors is caused by the spin density migration into the phenyl-σ-plane where g-factor considerably smaller than in pure π-systems.
Zur kontaktlosen Messung des elektrischen Widerstandes dünner Schichten. Berechnung des Einflusses der Schichtgeometrie / Contactless measuring of the electric resistance of tnin films. Calculation of the influence of filmgeometry
Authors: Schmand J.
Published: February 2015

Using the formerly described nondestructive method for contactless measuring electric resistances, the film in question is brought in parallel position to a metalplate. The reactance 1/Z of this arrangement is a function of (ω R⃞ C), the product of measuring frequency, resistance per unit area of the film and capacity of the arrangement. With decreasing ω or R the imaginary part of 1/Z rises from 0 to C while the real part passes through a distinct maximum for K=(ω R⃞ C)max·K depends strongly on the geometry of the film. Exact knowledge of K with known ω and C al-lows to determine R⃞ . Therefore 1/Z has been calculated as function of (ω R⃞ C) for the most usual geometries of thin films.
Supraleitung von A15-Phasen der Systeme V —Ga —AI, V-Si-Al, V-Ge-Al und V-Sb-Al
Authors: Müller A.
Published: February 2015

In den ternären Systemen V - Ga - Al. V Si - Al. V - Ge - Al und V - Sb - Al wurden Phasen mit Cr3Si-Struktur (A 15-Typ) untersucht. Kritische Temperaturen und Gitterkonstanten dieser Phasen werden mitgeteilt.

An Mischkristallreihen mit 75 Atom-Proz. Vanadin wurde ein Zusammenhang zwischen kritischen Temperaturen und Quotienten aus berechneten und gemessenen Gitterkonstanten gefunden. Nach dieser Beziehung würde - mit einem aus Gitterkonstanten der Mischkristallreihen extrapolierten Wert - für V3Al mit Cr3Si-Struktur eine hohe kritische Temperatur zu erwarten sein.
Zur Beschreibung der Coulomb-Wechselwirkung in der Quantenelektrodynamik
Authors: Wülfing Arnd
Published: February 2015

The covariance of the scattering theory in the formulations of quantum electrodynamics by GUPTA and BLEULER, by VALATIN, and in the formulation with COULOMB gauge is reinvestigated. The effect of gauge transformations and the effect of time disordering, both generally connected with a Lorentz transformation, compensate each other. For the potential in the GUPTA-BLEULER formulation there exist two different generators of Lorentz transformations.
Lebensdauern der Feinstrukturzustände z4F9/2, z4F7/2, z4G11/2, z4G9/2 und y4G11/2 im Kobalt-I-Spektrum
Authors: Hartrott M. v.
Published: February 2015

Atomic lifetimes of 5 excited states in the Co-I spectrum are determined by a zero field level-crossing experiment. Because of the complex spectrum of Co the radiation scattered by the atomic beam is carefully analysed to establish a correspondence of the observed signals to well defined finestructure levels. Since Co has only the one stable isotope 59Co, the influence of the hyperfine-structure splitting on the width of the depolarisation curves is estimated with special reference to the spectral distribution of the exciting radiation. The following values for lifetimes are deduced:

τ(z4F9/2) = 0.6 × 10-7 s, τ(z4F7/2) = 0.8 × 10-7 s,

τ(z4F11/2) = 1.1 × 10-7 s, τ(z4F9/2) = 1.3 × 10-7 s,

τ(γ4G11/2) = 0.6 × 10-8 s.
Die Energieabhängigkeit der Chemie-Ionisations-Reaktion H(2S)+H2 → H3
++e-
Authors: Comes F.J. , Wenning U
Published: February 2015

The chemiionizaion in hydrogen is measured with the aid of the photodissociation of the H2-molecules. Only the reaction of hydrogen atoms is discussed in this paper. The atoms are produced by the photoabsorption of special wavelengths in the region between the dissociation and ionization limit thereby forming metastable 2S-atoms with a well defined kinetic energy. The energy dependence of the reaction cross section is determined which follows a ν-n -law, where n is found to be between 2 and 3 and ν is the velocity of the atoms.
Linear Stability of a Plasma Diode
Authors: Dobrowolny M , Engelmann F , Sestero A
Published: February 2015

The stability of a plasma diode with respect to longitudinal oscillations is investigated. If there are free particles emitted by the electrodes, the perturbations do not have the same dynamics as they would in an infinite plasma, contrary to the case where only particles trapped in the diode are present. This can be interpreted as due to a coupling of plane waves of different wave lengths, introduced by the boundary conditions at the electrodes. The occurrence of resonant-particle effects, on the other hand, is subjected to precisely the same conditions as in an infinite plasma.
Sauerstoffadsorption und Orientierung dünner Oxidschichten auf (100)-Oberflächen von α-Eisen, untersucht mit Hilfe der Beugung langsamer Elektronen
Authors: Portele F
Published: February 2015

The (110) faces of needle shaped monocrystals of α-iron were cleaned by argon bombardment and annealing. The surface was stepwise oxidized then at various temperatures between 20 °C and 220 °C and investigated by LEED. The well-known c (2 × 2) and c(3 × 1) patterns were obtained with 0.5 - 1.0 and 1.5 -2.0 × 10-6 Torr·sec oxygen. Further oxidation at roomtemperature produced a splitting of the fractional order spots of the c (3 × 1) pattern in the two directions [33̅2] and [33̅2̅]. At elevated temperatures (100° - 220 °C) a change of intensity distribution occurred on lines parallel to [11̅0]. In both cases the position of extra spots is a continuous function of the amount of oxygen given to the surface.

Two kinds of well ordered epitaxial overgrowth of FeO could be observed after oxidizing with 10-4 Torr·sec at 20 °C and subsequent annealing at 150 - 270 °C and above 300 °C respectively. The epitaxial law is (111)FeO ║ (110)Fe and [101̅]FeO ║ [001]Fe in the former case and [1̅10]FeO ║ [11̅1̅]Fe in the latter case. By an analysis of weak extra spots due to multiple reflections a partial adaption of the lattice constant of the first FeO layers to the substrate could be detected (pseudomorphism).

Very strong oxidation produced an overgrowth of spinel crystals with (111) parallel to the surface which were transformed to FeO again by annealing above 360 °C.
Energiemessungen an einem Rubinlaser mit bewegtem Kristall
Authors: Malota F.
Published: February 2015

Energy measurements in a Ruby-Laser with moving crystal Energy measurements were carried out on a Laser with a moving crystal. The energy emitted by a moving crystal could be shown to depend on the velocity. At a crystal velocity of approximately 50 cm/s the energy measured was 1.3 times greater than with stationary crystals.
Gassorption und Photolumineszenz von Zinkoxid
Authors: Nink R.
Published: February 2015

Chemisorption of oxygen decreases the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of zinc oxide phosphors, hydrogen increases the quantum efficiency. The systematical behaviour of two series of reduced and oxydised samples indicates that radiationless surface recombination rates are influenced by electrical fields due to sorption layers. Photodesorption of oxygen is detectable by a slow build up of photoluminescence which is separable from the low temperature build up due to trap filling.
Die magnetische Suszeptibilität der Ladungsträger in Tellureinkristallen
Authors: Schlabitz W. , Geist D.
Published: February 2015

The anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility of free holes in pure and antimony-doped tellurium single crystals has been determined in the temperature range from 5 to 300 °K. The susceptibility %L depends on the hole concentration p as %L ∼ p1/3, for concentrations above 1017 cm-3 , according to the behaviour of a degenerate electron gas in a parabolic band.

The magnitude of the susceptibility is in principle determined by the band parameters connected with the relevant spin-split hole states. As an approximation, the Pauli-Landau-Peierls formula has been used with the values of the effective mass tensor as known from magnetoabsorption, cyclotron resonance and Shubnikow-De Haas results (m⊥ = 0,11 m, mⅡ = 0,26 m). Effective g-values g⊥ = 3,5 ± 0,7 and gⅡ = 9,6 ± 0,5 were found. The large deviation from two indicates that the hole states are heavily influenced by spin-orbit interaction.
Gitterschwingungsspektren. III. Mitteilung
Authors: Lutz H.D.
Published: February 2015

Zur Klärung der Frage, inwieweit die Gitterschwingungen der Spinelle bestimmten Koordinationspolyedern oder der gesamten Elementarzelle zuzuordnen sind, wurden die Zahl, der Schwingungstyp und die Symmetriekoordinaten der Schwingungen aus der Faktorgruppe des idealisierten Spinellgitters (Raumgruppe F41/d3̄̅2/m) abgeleitet. Die aus den Symmetriekoordinaten sich ergebenden Schwingungsformen der Gitterschwingungen werden mitgeteilt.
Untersuchungen zur Stromdichteverteilung eines Lichtbogens im Magnetfeld
Authors: Klüber O.
Published: February 2015

In a cylindrical arc without external magnetic field the radius of the discharge current is identi-cal with that of the conductive plasma column. It is shown here that, in general, this is not the case in an arc with superposed magnetic field. Instead, the current is limited by the magnetic flux tube whose cross section is governed by that of the electrodes. This is still true if the radius of the conductive plasma column is much larger than that of the flux tube. In this case electromotive forces prevent radial expansion of the current carrying region and form a potential distribution in keeping with the current density distribution.
On the Pressure Dependence of the Transport Properties of Dilute Polyatomic Gases
Authors: Mccourt F. R. , Moraal H.
Published: February 2015

It is shown that the transport coefficients of dilute polyatomic gases in the ordinary Navier-Stokes regime contain an extra pressure dependence when the internal state Hamiltonian does not commute with the nonequilibrium distribution function-density matrix for the gas. As a specific example, the pressure dependence of the shear viscosity of a gas of paramagnetic 2Σ molecules is considered. Furthermore, the pressure dependence of the Senftleben and Senftleben-Beenakker effects is discussed and examples are given of the different types of molecules for which pressure dependence in the field-free as well as in the field-dependent transport coefficients may be expected.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Drahtexplosionsentladungen im Hochvakuum / Experimental Investigation of Exploding Wire Discharges in High Vacuum
Authors: Niemeyer Lutz
Published: February 2015

Explosions of 0.03 -0.25 mm diameter wires of Cd, AI, Cu, and W in high vacuum (p < 10-5 Torr) are investigated. The time development of the discharge column is shown to be determined by two main processes: a) In the time preceding the explosion, particles are emitted from the surface of the heated wire and initiate a peripheral discharge. The mechanism of particle emission is found to be evaporation of neutral atoms and/or thermionic emission of charged particles. The latter process is influenced by the strong radial electric field which is caused by the coaxial discharge geometry at the wire surface, b) The wire material vaporizes explosively forming an expanding cloud of nonconducting vapor which is subsequently converted to a plasma by the peripheral discharge penetrating into it from outside.

The discharge column exhibits instabilities which are shown to be of MHD origin. They are significantly reduced by applying an axial magnetic field to the discharge column. A quantitative spectroscopic investigation is performed during the magnetic contraction phase of stabilized 0.05 mm Al wire explosions. The plasma temperature is found to be about 50 000 °K in the axis of the column and higher than 80 000 °K at its periphery. The mean electron density is estimated to be of the order of some 1019 cm-3 .
Dissoziativer Ladungsaustausch von He+ -und Ne+ -Ionen mit den Molekülen N2, O2 und CO2 bei Stoßenergien von 3 bis 200 eV
Authors: Schlumbohm H.
Published: February 2015

Cross sections for the dissociative charge transfer reactions He+ + N2, O2 and Ne+ +N2 , O2, CO2 have been measured over an energy range from 3 to 200 eV and are compared with values given by other authors. The values were determined from measurements of the current of the slow charge exchange ions formed within a collision chamber.
On the Phonon and Polariton Spectrum of LiJO3
Authors: Claus R. , Schrötter H. W . , Hacker H. H . , Haussühl S.
Published: February 2015

Raman spectra of the polar A, E1 and the non polar E2 species of LiJO3 are presented. The number of phonons expected by group theory has been calculated. LO-TO splitting of two E1·phonons could be observed and the polariton associated with the A (z) phonon at 795 cm -1 has been recorded.
Das Temperaturverhalten der magnetischen Protonen-und 19 F-Resonanzen an einigen im synthetischen Zeolithen Linde 13 X adsorbierten ringförmigen organischen Substanzen
Authors: Lechert H. , Knappwost A. , Rálek M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract An vier mit Cyclohexan, Benzol, Fluorbenzol und Dioxan gesättigten Proben des synthetischen Zeolithen Linde 13 X wurde das Temperaturverhalten der magnetischen Protonen-bzw. bei der Probe mit dem Fluorbenzol audi der Fluor-Resonanz bis herab zur Temperatur des flüssigen Stickstoffs untersucht. Aus dem Vergleich der aus den Bindungslängen abgeschätzten zweiten Momente mit denen, die experimentell aus der Linienform ermittelt worden sind, lassen sich Aussagen über die Art der Anordnung und der Bewegung der Molekeln in den Zeolithhohlräumen gewinnen.
Thermal Properties of Alcaline-Earth-Oxides I. Specific heat measurements 1-3 Centre National de Recherches sur les Tres Basses Temperatures
Authors: Gmelin E.
Published: February 2015

The heat capacities of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, having NaCl-structure, have been measured with an adiabatic calorimeter capable to measure heat capacities of solids between 1.2 and 340 °K. A mechanical thermal switch is used for specimen cooling and the temperature calibration above 4 °K is performed with a gas thermometer. The values of the specific heats, Cv , are tabulated.

The entropies at 273.15 °K are 27.19; 38.3; 51.9; and 66.9 for MgO. CaO, SrO and BaO respectively, in J/mol °K. The accuracy of the measurements is estimated to be better than 0.8% (smoothed curve).
Holographische Untersuchung von schwingenden piezoelektrischen Quarzplatten
Authors: Lohmann H. D. , Tholl H.
Published: February 2015

The application of holography to the analysis of the vibrations of piezo-electric quartz plates is demonstrated. A series of interference patterns appeared on the vibrating quartz plates as reconstructed by holograms. These patterns were photographed, and the amplitudes of vibration were determined. It is shown that the amplitude of vibration is increased as higher voltages are applied to the quartz. These results are compared with the experimental results of authors using interferometer techniques.
Dispersion der ordentlichen und außerordentlichen Polaritonen in α-Quarz
Authors: Merten L
Published: February 2015

Es werden die Polariton-Dispersionszweige von α-Quarz beredinet und diskutiert. Die Polariton- Zweige von α-Quarz unterteilen sich in 9 ordentliche richtungsunabhängige Zweige und 13 außerordentliche richtungsabhängige Zweige. Die ordentlichen Polariton-Wellen sind streng transversal, die außerordentlichen dagegen streng transversal oder longitudinal nur für die Winkel ϑ = 0° und ϑ = 90° und gemischt transversal-longitudinal für die Zwischenwinkel 0° < ϑ < 90° (mit ϑ als Winkel zwischen Wellenvektor und optischer Achse). Für die Zwischenwinkel 0° < ϑ < 90° sind Schnittpunkte der außerordentlichen Polariton-Zweige verboten. - Für die Richtung der optischen Achse (ϑ = 0°) entarten die ordentlichen Polaritonen mit den transversalen außerordentlichen.
Über die elektronischen Energieniveaus des N-Isopropylcarbazols und seiner Radikalionen
Authors: Klöpffer Walter
Published: February 2015

The first two ionization energies of N-isopropyl carbazole (NIPCA) have been determined to be 7.4 and 8.0 eV. The electron affinity amounts to 0 eV. The energy gap of solid NIPCA is estimated to be about 4.4 eV. Positive and negative radical ions of NIPCA have been prepared by electrochemical oxidation and alkali metal reduction respectively; electronic absorption spectra of the radical ions are presented.
Desorientierung von optisch ausgerichteten Na-Atomen durch Edelgas-Stöße
Authors: Soboll H
Published: February 2015

Cross sections for noble-gas-induced sodium spin disorientation have been measured and calculated by applying the spin-orbit and spin-exchange-model of R. Herman.
Molecular Force Fields of Some XY6 Type Ions of Oh Symmetry
Authors: Awasthi M. N. , Mehta M. L.
Published: February 2015

The L matrix approximation method has been applied to hexachlorides and hexabromides of Tin and Titanium of Oh symmetry. All the seven independent force constants have been evaluated using Wilson's G - F matrix method. Mean amplitudes of vibration have been computed using latest fundamental frequencies.
Barrier to Internal Rotation, Centrifugal Distortion Analysis and Structural Considerations of Methanesulfenylchloride
Authors: Guarnieri Antonio
Published: February 2015

An investigation of the microwave spectrum of CH3SC1 35 in the excited torsional state has been carried out. The barrier to internal rotation and other connected parameters are thus obtained. A centrifugal distortion analysis of the microwave spectrum of CH3SC1 35 in the ground state is also performed to predict high J transitions. A /-"-structure and bond axis quadrupole coupling constants are also considered.
The Rotational Spectra and Dipole Moments of AgF and CuF by Microwave Absorption
Authors: Hoeft J. , Lovas F.J. , Tiemann E. , Törring T.
Published: February 2015

The rotational transitions J=1→2 and 2→3 were measured for 107Ag 19F and 109Ag 19F by microwave absorption. These spectra allowed the determination of the Dunham-coefficients Y01, Y11, Y21, and Y02 and from these the potential coefficients a0 and a1 and internuclear distance re were derived. For 63Cu 19F and 65Cu 19F the hyperfine structure was observed in the J=0→1 and 1→2 rotational spectra. In addition to the Dunham coefficients the quadrupole coupling constants, e q Q, and spin-rotation coupling constant, c, for the Cu nucleus were obtained. Stark effect mea-surements on both AgF and CuF resulted in the determination of the electric dipole moment for the ground vibrational state.
Das Verhalten von Tetrafluorkohlenstoff und Tetrafluorkohlenstoff-Krypton-Gemischen im Trennrohr
Authors: Meinrenken J.
Published: February 2015

Das Verhalten von Tetrafluorkohlenstoff und Gemischen mit Krypton im Trennrohr wird experimentell untersucht. Die Auftrennung der Kohlenstoffisotope zeigt ein normales Verhalten, die Trennfaktoren sind jedoch kleiner als bei anderen Kohlenstoffverbindungen. Während die Kryptonisotope untereinander mit zunehmenden CF4-Konzentrationen schlechter getrennt werden, reichert sich um-gekehrt 12CF4 gegen 13CF4 mit steigendem Zusatz von Krypton verstärkt an. 12CF4 wird unter den beschriebenen Versuchsbedingungen gegenüber dem um 10 Masseneinheiten leichteren Kryptonisotop 78 zur warmen Seite transportiert. Somit ist CF4 als quasi-isotopes Hilfsgas zur Auftrennung leichter Kryptonisotope, Krypton als extraktives Hilfsgas zur Anreicherung der Kohlenstoffisotope brauchbar.
Der Einfluß von Gitterdefekten auf die optischen Konstanten von Kupfer / The Influence of Lattice Defects on the Optical Properties of Copper
Authors: Bispinck H.
Published: February 2015

The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of thick copper films are determined in the wavelength range from 0.32 to 2.5 μm. In addition the dc resistivity of the samples is measured. The films are evaporated in ultrahigh vacuum onto cooled substrates and annealed. Thereby the degree of lattice disorder can be reduced stepwise. The optical properties are interpreted by means of a slightly modified Drude-theory for λ > 0.8 μm. The variations of the dc resistivity obtained by optical measurements agree with the results of the electrical measurements.
Über die Existenz einer unbekannten natürlichen α-Aktivität im 4,3 – 4,6 MeV-Bereich
Authors: Meier H. , Albrecht W. , Bösche D. , Hecker W. , Menge P. , Ruckdeschel A. , Unger E. , Zeitler G. , Zimmerhackl E.
Published: February 2015

In vorliegender Arbeit wird nach Diskussion der auf dem Gebiet der natürlichen Radioaktivität offenstehenden Fragen über die bei Aufarbeitung von Platinerzen, speziell von Osmiridium, erhaltenen Ergebnisse berichtet. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, daß in Osmiridiumproben verschiedener Herkunft neben Radionukliden der natürlichen Zerfallsreihen (Konzentration < 1 ppm) eine α-Aktivität im 4,3 -4,6 MeV-Bereich und eine y-Strahlung bei 200 - 220 keV auftritt, die sich keinen bekannten Radionukliden zuordnen läßt.

Der mögliche Zusammenhang zwischen dieser aus Osmiridium angereicherten Aktivität und der von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen in Erzen und Mineralien (Molybdänglanz u. a.) beobachteten analogen α-Aktivität im 4,3-4,6 MeV-Bereich wird diskutiert. Audi werden geochemische Effekte erörtert (überhöhte 235U-, 239Pu-Gehalte geologischer Proben u. a.), deren wahrscheinliche Verbindung zur 4,3-4,6 MeV-α-Strahlung die Existenz natürlicher Transuranisotope mit einer Ordnungszahl Z > 96 andeutet. Auf die Frage einer Verbindung zwischen der in platinmetallhaltigen Fraktionen gefundenen Aktivität und in der Natur eventuell vorhandenen superschweren Elementen der Eka-Platinmetallgruppe wird ebenfalls eingegangen.
Multicollisions in the Linearized Boltzmann-Landau Transport Equation
Authors: Mitra Arun K. , Mitra Sunanda
Published: February 2015

The treatment of the linearized Boltzmann-Landau equation in the binary collision approximation given in an earlier paper 4 has been extended, under certain assumption, to include all collision processes. The effect of ternary collisions on the transport coefficients in particular has been obtained in a subsequent paper.