bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FATIGUE FAILURE ON DRILLING PIPE THREAD: A CASE STUDY ON DRILL PIPE SS105
Authors: Apriansyah Apriansyah , Chandra Hendri , Pratiwi Diah Kusuma , Firdaus Aneka
Published: January 2021

This study presents a case study investigation on failure analysis of drill pipe during the drilling operation and to establish a general understanding of fatigue failure with experiments and several tests. Drill pipe load comprises tensile, compression, bending, hydrostatic pressure and vibration, which causes damage due to fatigue failure to the drill pipe. The method involves subjecting a 2 in length and nominal diameter 3.25 in connection NC50 19.5 ppf drill pipe to predetermined caused failure by experimental tests and analysis. Mechanical examination such as tensile test and hardness test, and metallurgical examination such as spectrometry, fractography, SEM and EDX testing are conducted. The result shows that the cause of failure on the thread drill pipe was due to fatigue failure. It showed by the presence of microcracks, which accumulated from the load in the drill pipe. In addition, propagation of the crack at critical depth resulting in failure during drilling operations.
Effective radiative forcing from emissions of reactive gases and aerosols – a multi-model comparison
Authors: Thornhill Gillian D. , Collins William J. , Kramer Ryan J. , Olivié Dirk , Skeie Ragnhild B. , O'Connor Fiona M. , Abraham Nathan Luke , Checa-Garcia Ramiro , Bauer Susanne E. , Deushi Makoto , Emmons Louisa K. , Forster Piers M. , Horowitz Larry W. , Johnson Ben , Keeble James , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Michou Martine , Mills Michael J. , Mulcahy Jane P. , Myhre Gunnar , Nabat Pierre , Naik Vaishali , Oshima Naga , Schulz Michael , Smith Christopher J. , Takemura Toshihiko , Tilmes Simone , Wu Tongwen , Zeng Guang , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This paper quantifies the pre-industrial (1850) to present-day (2014)
effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic emissions of NOX,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs; including CO), SO2, NH3, black carbon, organic carbon, and
concentrations of methane, N2O and ozone-depleting halocarbons, using
CMIP6 models. Concentration and emission changes of reactive species can
cause multiple changes in the composition of radiatively active species:
tropospheric ozone, stratospheric ozone, stratospheric water vapour,
secondary inorganic and organic aerosol, and methane. Where possible we break
down the ERFs from each emitted species into the contributions from the
composition changes. The ERFs are calculated for each of the models that
participated in the AerChemMIP experiments as part of the CMIP6 project,
where the relevant model output was available. The 1850 to 2014 multi-model mean ERFs (± standard deviations) are
−1.03 ± 0.37 W m−2 for SO2 emissions, −0.25 ± 0.09 W m−2 for organic carbon (OC), 0.15 ± 0.17 W m−2 for black
carbon (BC) and −0.07 ± 0.01 W m−2 for NH3. For the
combined aerosols (in the piClim-aer experiment) it is −1.01 ± 0.25 W m−2. The multi-model means for the reactive well-mixed greenhouse
gases (including any effects on ozone and aerosol chemistry) are 0.67 ± 0.17 W m−2 for methane (CH4), 0.26 ± 0.07 W m−2
for nitrous oxide (N2O) and 0.12 ± 0.2 W m−2 for
ozone-depleting halocarbons (HC). Emissions of the ozone precursors nitrogen
oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds and both together
(O3) lead to ERFs of 0.14 ± 0.13, 0.09 ± 0.14 and 0.20 ± 0.07 W m−2 respectively. The differences in
ERFs calculated for the different models reflect differences in the
complexity of their aerosol and chemistry schemes, especially in the case of
methane where tropospheric chemistry captures increased forcing from ozone
production.
El pensamiento estratégico en la publicidad. Una perspectiva multidisciplinar
Authors: Muñoz-Sánchez Omar , Vélez-Ochoa Claudia Inés
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo busca identificar el aporte de otras disciplinas en el trabajo del planificador de cuentas en el desarrollo de estrategias de comunicación publicitaria, e intenta dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿qué fuentes de conocimiento influyen en la forma de pensar del planificador de cuentas publicitario? Para lo anterior, se plantea una investigación cualitativa de corte exploratorio, en donde de hace un rastreo bibliográfico entrevistas en profundidad a 21 planificadores de cuentas de las ciudades de Bogotá, Medellín y Cali. Uno de los hallazgos más significativos es la pertinencia de que los planificadores de cuentas realicen estudios de posgrado que les permitan acceder a conocimientos de otras disciplinas, para que puedan comprender al consumidor de una forma holística. Se encontró que este profesional de la publicidad, altamente creativo, surgió en Colombia de forma empírica, y solo desde el año 2006 se está trabajando en la construcción de la respectiva epistemología.
Propuesta metodológica para el análisis gráfico, tipográfico y cromático de cartelería
Authors: Tabuenca Bengoa María , González-Díez Laura , Puebla Martínez Belén
Published: January 2021

No existe un consenso claro en cuanto al método más apropiado para el estudio de carteles, por lo que se han ido utilizando unas y otras alternativas al hilo de las necesidades puntuales de cada investigación.

El objetivo del presente artículo es plantear una propuesta metodológica para análisis del diseño gráfico de cartelería, y la elección de dicha temática viene dada por la ausencia de una metodología clara a este respecto y se justifica por la escasez de modelos previos que versen sobre el análisis del cartel.

La presente propuesta tiene como fin abordar y plantear un diseño de fichas de variables con el que poder extraer posteriormente en el trabajo de campo, no solo elementos descriptivos cualitativos de los carteles, si no datos cuantitativos del objeto de estudio en cuestión.

En un primer momento se hace necesario plantear una ficha más genérica, para posteriormente abordar la carga textual y del contenido icónico del cartel en sus correspondientes plantillas, para en una última examinar la propuesta cromática, tanto de los elementos tipográficos como de los gráficos.

Para el diseño de dichas tablas de análisis se tendrán en cuenta, en primer lugar, los datos informativos básicos sobre de los carteles, para una vez definidos los criterios compositivos elementales, pasar a examinar pormenorizadamente, en posteriores plantillas, las distintas creaciones artísticas, definidas por los citados contenidos textual, gráfico y cromático.
O ENSINO DE QUÍMICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EM UMA ESCOLA WALDORF: POSSIVEIS OLHARES
Authors: Faria Fernanda Luiza , Reis Ivoni Freitas
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo visou investigar como o ensino da química é estabelecido em uma escola Waldorf noEnsino Fundamental. Para isso, tomamos como ambiente de pesquisa, a escola Paineiras Waldorf, localizada nacidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Os participantes foram dez alunos de uma turma do oitavo ano e a professoraresponsável por ela. Foi observada a época de química do oitavo ano. As aulas foram gravadas em áudio, e foiconstruído um diário de campo. Foram analisados os cadernos de anotações dos alunos sobre as aulas, sendo oregistro por fotografia. A entrevista semiestruturada foi realizada com os alunos e a professora da turma, sendogravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas. A análise dos dados ocorreu através da Análise de Conteúdo.Os resultados apontaram para um currículo baseado em eixos temáticos, uma abordagem contextualizada einterdisciplinar dos saberes químicos, com valorização da arte e da experimentação.
UM OLHAR EPISTEMOLÓGICO PARA A EXPERIMENTAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Deitos Greyze Maria Palaoro , Strieder Dulce Maria
Published: January 2021

Neste trabalho, com abordagem qualitativa, temos a intenção de despertar reflexões epistemológicasacerca da construção histórica pela qual a experimentação se estabeleceu no ensino de ciências. Em virtude destasobservações, tem-se a intenção de estreitar a relação entre a epistemologia e ensino de Ciências, favorecendo umolhar para a experimentação, pautado no questionamento, na dúvida e na busca por conhecimentos socialmenteconstruídos. Embora tenham ocorrido significativas reflexões perante o caráter volátil da experimentação noEnsino de Ciências, percebe-se que estas ainda referendam uma atividade com traços marcantemente positivistas,onde o rigor científico se sobrepõe aos aspectos reflexivos.
Occurrence of BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA and PHYSA ACUTA (gastropoda: mollusca) snails in Quinta da Boa Vista municipal park, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Authors: Brito de Oliveira Mariana , Silva Simões de Oliveira Alinne , Paula Procopio de Azevedo Ana , Rossi da Silva Jessica , Rodrigues Neves de Medeiros Thaylane , De Vasconcelos Seixas Ferreira da Silva Gabriel , Dos Santos Cruz Marcelo , Bogea Tami
Published: January 2021

The human species has an emotional connection with nature called “biophilia” (or, love for life). This connection goes from generation to generation, being one of the reasons why green spaces are present in large cities. Quinta da Boa Vista is a municipal park in Rio de Janeiro located in the São Cristóvão neighborhood in the northern part of the city. Its main attraction is the artificial lake system, a leisure attraction for the local community. This article reports the presence of Biomphalaria glabrata and Physa acuta snails around the main lake in the Quinta da Boa Vista Municipal Park in Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Seventy-one B. glabrata and twenty-seven P. acuta snails were collected. The snails were measured and examined for the presence of trematode larvae according to standardized procedures. The prevalence rate of B. glabrata was estimated at 15.5%. Rediae and cercariae resembling those of the species Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Typhlocoelidae, Digenea) which parasitizes aquatic birds of the order Anseriformes were found. This study reinforces the importance of monitoring park lakes and ponds to better understand the risk of helminth transmission by molluscan vectors.KEY WORDS: Snails; Schistosomiasis; Digenea; Quinta da Boa Vista; Rio de Janeiro.
False Penile Fracture: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Noyan Özlü Deniz , Şeker Kamil Gökhan , Sam Emre , Arıkan Yusuf , Hüseynov Joshgun , Çetin Şeker Yurdagül , Sam Emel , Akkaş Fatih , Kalfazade Nadir
Published: January 2021

Objective: Penile fracture is one of the urological emergencies that require early surgical intervention. False penile fracture, on the other hand, is a condition that presents with similar clinical features and can be treated conservatively. In this study, in the light of the literature, it was aimed to present the clinical and operative results of 8 patients who were operated on with a prediagnosis of penile fracture and then diagnosed with a false penile fracture.Material and Methods: Data of 8 patients who were diagnosed with a false penile fracture between January 2006 and September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ demographic characteristics, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Mean age of the patients was 39.12 (28-54) years. The most common complaints were penile swelling and ecchymosis. The most common etiological factors were as follows: sexual intercourse in 6, masturbation in 1, and manual bending of the erect penis in 1 patient. All operations were performed by degloving the penis from the circumcision line. Superficial dorsal vein injury was detected in 6, and nonspecific dartos bleeding was detected in 2 patients. There were no intraoperative complications. Wound site infection developed in 1 patient postoperatively. No erectile dysfunction, penile curvature, and sensory disturbances were detected in any patient. Conclusion: It is difficult to distinguish a false penile fracture from true penile fracture clinically or radiologically. False penile fracture can be treated conservatively without the need for surgery. Surgery should still be the first-line treatment option in suspected patients. Studies with larger patient series are needed on this subject.
The Roles of Seeking Psychological Help, Self-stigma and Self-construal in Prediction of Attitudes towards Seeking Psychological Help
Authors: Kocabıyık Oya Onat , Bacıoğlu Seda Donat
Published: January 2021

In this study, the purpose is to examine to what extent the individuals’ self-stigma and self-construal predict their attitudes towards seeking psychological help. The sample group of the study was made of 377 adults aged 20-50 years. The data obtained from the scales based on self-reports of the participants were analyzed. Findings showed that there is a positive significant relationship between the attitude towards seeking psychological help and self-stigma. Self-stigma positively predicted the attitudes towards seeking psychological help; on the other hand, individual self-construal negatively predicted the attitudes towards seeking psychological help. In light of these findings, it is recommended that comparative studies in terms of self-stigma and self-construal according to gender can be conducted with different socio-cultural characteristics. Also, the persons of who have received or applied to counseling from psychological counseling centers, their self-stigma and self-construals levels can be investigated in later studies.
Immediate impacts of COVID-19 measures on bean production, distribution, and food security in Eastern Africa
Authors: Nchanji Eileen , Lutomia Cosmas , Karanja David
Published: January 2021

The outbreak of coronavirus was expected to adversely affect African countries more than any other region in the world. This assertion was based on the existing conditions in sub-Saharan Africa that exposed the region to the dire consequences of the pandemic. Previously existing underlying conditions that affected the food system include a high dependence on trade for inputs supply, the adverse effects of climate change, crop pests and diseases, poverty, low input use, weak institutions and ineffective poli¬cies, and insecurity and conflicts. We collected data from farmers, aggregators, bean research coordina¬tors, and urban and peri-urban consumers in five Eastern African countries in order to describe the immediate impacts of the pandemic on the bean value chain. Access to seed and labor appear to be the most critical impacts of the pandemic on bean production. There are observable differences in patterns and frequency of bean consumption in these regions, suggesting that the effect of the pandemic depends on the level of implementation of containment measures and pre–COVID-19 underlying conditions that affect the food systems. In the mid to long-term, the pandemic may disrupt food systems, resulting in hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. Thus, governments should support farmers and businesses in becoming resilient to exogenous shocks through increased efficiency in supply chains, capacity building, and the adoption of modern digital technology.
Levinas in Latin America
Authors: Graff Zivin Erin
Published: January 2021

“Levinas in Latin America” focuses upon four types of ethical philosophy in Latin American and Latinamericanist thought: theological, literary, political, and deconstructive. First, Graff Zivin evaluates theologian Enrique Dussel’s assimilation of the work of Emmanuel Levinas into his own philosophy of Latin American liberation. Next, Graff Zivin juxtaposes Dussel’s Levinasianism with Doris Sommer’s ostensibly very different Levinasian approach to literary studies, focusing upon her analysis of Mario Vargas Llosa’s 1987 novel El hablador. The chapter then unpacks the debate over the relation between ethics and political militancy that surfaces in Argentina following the publication of philosopher Oscar Del Barco’s 2007 letter “No Matarás” [Thou Shalt Not Kill].
The Aesthetics and Politics of Error
Authors: Graff Zivin Erin
Published: January 2021

“The Aesthetics and Politics of Error,” analyzes “error” as a defective, erroneous political concept through literature (César Aira’s 2010 novel El error), critical theory (Paul de Man’s Blindness and Insight), and political discourse (the theatrical actions of the Internacional Errorista).
Unadjusted Emancipations
Authors: Berger Jason
Published: January 2021

This chapter adds a consideration of the economic horizon to contemporary scholarship that examines the radical and, at times, emancipatory “entanglements” between slaves/ex-slaves and the environment. The chapter’s three sections present a developing arc of “unadjusted emancipations,” tracing various ways that slaves and ex-slaves negotiated and leveraged the antebellum era’s systemic production of bad debts in order to distort or circumvent standard formations of emancipatory logic. The first examines Stowe’s Dred; A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856) in light of ecological-economic hermeneutics. In its reading of Dred, the interface between humans and ecology spied by scholars who study the parahuman closes with an unsettling interface between personhood and developing models of capital. The second looks at the ways Brown’s novel Clotel; or, the President’s Daughter: A Narrative of Slave Life in the United States (1853) and his appended “Narrative of the Life and Escape of William Wells Brown” manipulate the era’s production of bad debts in order to craft points of divergence from standard channels of emancipation. The third considers how the titular character of Martin Delany’s Blake; or, The Huts of America (1859-62) and his “secret” move throughout the South’s plantations in ways that radically compound. Reading the modality of secret as a blurred Moten-esque push toward a fugitive sociality of bad debt, the chapter examines how the novel presents innovative forms of resistant collectivity.
Cold Kink: Race and Sex in the African American Underworld
Authors: Wachter-Grene Kirin
Published: January 2021

Iceberg Slim is the godfather of African American street lit, a genre of gritty pulp fiction informed by the black noir tradition made famous by Chester Himes in the 1950s. Slim’s work has been heralded by a massive Black readership for decades. However, it remains obscure to literary critics, likely due to its brutal misogyny. While this chapter does understand Pimp as misogynistic, it pushes on its scenes of violent sex. It interprets them as representing eroticized power exchange, a noir trademark and phenomena of interest to negative affect studies. The chapter focuses on the female characters, arguing they have considerable power to not only render Slim subordinate, but abject. And by embracing their own abjection as a site of pleasure and agency, the female characters are often able to dominate Slim because he underestimates the extent of their kinkiness—and that of his own.
The Shadows of the Twilight World: Beebo Brinker and the Circulation of Affect
Authors: Grattan Sean
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues that the presentation of queer life worlds in Ann Bannon’s Beebo Brinker series reformulates the negative affects present in noir and offer spaces of succour and flourishing against a dangerous heteronormative backdrop. Reading negative affect in noir through this lens reorients the noir scene as one of potential for living outside the light and deep in the shadows of the twilight world. Thus, the gay bar, which often serves as a space of degeneracy in mainstream noir, instead becomes a space filled with possibilities for belonging, love, excitement, and desire.
Chick Noir: Surveilling Femininity and the Affects of Loss in Gone Girl
Authors: Thoma Pamela
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores a surprising shift that has occurred in postfeminist popular culture and more specifically “chick culture” in the wake of the global economic crisis. Chick noir forms itself in opposition to those two standbys of twenty-first-century U.S culture, chick lit and the chick flick. If these latter genres perform a humorous remodelling of romance as the “happy object” around which young women should orient self-making or self-improvement projects for the promise of a good life and future feelings of happiness, chick noir has emerged across popular culture to chronicle widespread economic hardship and social decline under neoliberalism. Chick noir narratives are driven by negative affect and deal in the dark side of relationships, domesticity, and the public sphere for women. The chapter takes Gone Girl as its focus. This chapter pays particular attention to ways in which both texts shine a light on modern surveillance culture to explore the textual production of empathy and coercion and the ways in which these texts imagine femininity as a site of surveillance. What emerges is a form of noir affect that dramatizes the absolute lack of a stable or noncontradictory space for the contemporary female subject.
In the Wake of Medea
Authors: Cherbuliez Juliette
Published: January 2021

This book explores the rhetorical, literary, and performance strategies through which violence appears and persists in early modern French tragedy, a genre long understood as passionless and refusing all violence. The mythological figure of Medea, foreigner who massacres her brother, murders kings, burns down Corinth, and kills her own children, can serve as a paradigm for this violence. An alternative to western philosophy’s ethical paradigm of Antigone, the Medean presence offers a model of radically persistent and disruptive outsiderness—for classical theater and its wake in literary theory. In the Wake of Medea explores a range of artistic strategies integrating violence into drama: rhetorical devices like ekphrasis, dramaturgical special effects, and shifts in temporal structures. The full range of this Medean presence appears in literal treatments of Medea (Médée, La Conquête de la Toison d’Or) and in tragedies figuratively invoking a Medean presence (Hercule mourant, Phèdre, Athalie). Of interest to specialists, political theorists, and students of theater, it explores works by well-known dramaturges (Racine, Corneille) alongside a breadth of neoclassical political theater (spectacular machine plays, Neo-Stoic parables, didactic Christian theater). In the Wake recognizes the Medean force within these tragedies, while also exploring why violence remains so integral to literature and arts today.
Medea, a Manifesto
Authors: Cherbuliez Juliette
Published: January 2021

With the mythological figure of Medea, this chapter offers a counter-theory to the well-known symbol of ethical opposition to the State. While Antigone challenges certain politics of legacy, family, duty and so origins, Medea underscores the problem of our future by killing offspring and creating replacements. Medea operates at the limits of the moral imperative by virtue of her status as pharmakon: her knowledge can both heal and harm. She is also a Latourian “hybrid”: outside of our traditional categories of knowledge and identification, her actions challenge the integrity of the individual itself. Medea underscores relational attachments: mother to children, wife to husband, descendent to forebearers, even as she undoes these relations. Figuring Medea in our literature, the chapter argues, allows us to rehearse the real problem of the social: the false and fragile divisions that purportedly guard integrated insiders from barbaric outsiders and modernity from its necessary but primitive pasts.
Surface Selves: Médée, 1634
Authors: Cherbuliez Juliette
Published: January 2021

Chapter 1 serves as the cornerstone of this book, against which all the other chapters can be read. It explores a singular play, Pierre Corneille’s 1634 Médée. Often read as generic precursor or holdover, as failed experiment or primitive attempt, Médée is utterly unique for its era in its subject matter and politics. This chapter shows how its Médée is framed not by excess, passion, or inconstancy, but by moderation, knowledge, and attachment, in both positive and negative forms. Médée’s own “self” is a surface self, existing in counter-distinction to the complex self-possessed individual grounded in an interior, the hallmark of the eighteenth century. The contrast between the Medean surface self and the Medean art of destruction as one of cleaving to and cleaving from compels a meditation on how the self emerges in relation to others and what is sacrificed when we see the self as autonomous. Analogously, instead of seeing Médée as Corneille’s first tragedy, and so a primitive or premature form of what will come after it, this reading positions it at the undisclosed heart of the tragic project, as it reverberates in both its past and its future.
Goodbye, Bunker Hill
Authors: Fante John
Published: January 2021

Written soon after Ask the Dust appeared in late 1939, this little-known piece of non-fiction by John Fante appeared in the Los Angeles Times. In it, Fante reminisces about his early days in Los Angeles, those days in the early 1930s when he was young and broke and often hungry but filled with dreams of literary greatness. He presents a gallery of character sketches of the people he lived amidst, from the drunk who lived next door in Fante’s beloved Bunker Hill rooming house to the generous Japanese grocer at Grand Central Market. Filled with feeling for a lost time and cherished memories, this piece reveals a side of John Fante that will captivate readers who want to learn more about the author of Ask the Dust.
Wittgenstein and Anthropology
Authors: Das Veena
Published: January 2021

The main theme of this chapter is an understanding of culture not as a text to be interpreted through root symbols falling on the axes of nature and culture, nor simply as shared values, but instead as providing the ability to both forge a belonging and finding resources within one’s culture to contest it and find one’s voice in its singularity within it. The chapter explores the concept of counterculture and finds its alignments with skepticism that takes us in a direction that asks not how do we know that the external world exists but how do I know that I exist, that I can trust myself in relation to others? Skepticism is engaged in this chapter as lining the everyday—using the idea of lining not to suggest a border but to allude to the way a coat and its lining, the exterior and the interior, are joined to each other. Hence skepticism is not the kind of doubt that can be extinguished once for all. The idea of forms of life is introduced in its horizontal dimension as “form” and its vertical dimension as “life” showing how forms of life are both, particular to a milieu and as drawing from our common background as humans.
Dictionary Poetics
Authors: Dworkin Craig
Published: January 2021

Dictionary Poetics analyses book-length poems from a number of writers who have used particular editions of specific dictionaries to structure their work. Spanning most of the 20th century, this study investigates poems by Louis Zukofsky and George Oppen (two “Objectivist” writers of the late 1920s and early 1930s), Clark Coolidge and Tina Darragh (two “Language Poets” with books from the 1970s and 1980s, respectively), and Harryette Mullen (a post-Black-Arts writer who flourished in the 1990s). By reverse-engineering poems, this study sets the critical record straight on multiple counts. Moreover, reading these poems in tandem with their source texts puts paid to the notion that even the most abstract and fragmentary avant-garde poems are nonsensical, meaningless, or impenetrable. When read from the right perspective, passages that at first appear to be discontinuous, irrational, or hopelessly cryptic suddenly appear logically consistent, rationally structured, and thematically coherent. Indeed, beyond the particular arguments and local readings, Dictionary Poetics argues that the new ways of writing pioneered by the literary avant-garde invite new ways of reading commensurate with their modes of composition. Dictionary Poetics maps and articulates the material surfaces of poems, tracing the networks of signifiers that undergird the more familiar representational schemes with which conventional readings have been traditionally concerned. In the process, this book demonstrates that new ways of reading can yield significant interpretive payoffs, open otherwise unavailable critical insights into the formal and semantic structures of a composition and transform our understanding of literary texts at their most fundamental levels.
Funk & Wagnalls Practical Standard Dictionary of the English Language and Louis Zukofsky’s Thanks to the Dictionary
Authors: Dworkin Craig
Published: January 2021

Chapter 1 focuses on Louis Zukofsky’s 1928 Thanks to the Dictionary, which retells the Biblical story of King David through language drawn primarily from a single dictionary page. Previous critics have been unable to locate the particular editions of the two dictionaries used by Zukofsky, but with those source texts read in tandem with Zukofsky’s poem, we are able to determine his method of composition and to dispel the notion that his work is the result of aleatory chance. Moreover, a close comparison of his source texts reveals telling deviations from the putative one-page rule, including an elided reference to Karl Marx, underscoring the political resonance of David in the era of Stalin, and a buried reference to Ricky Chambers which transforms the genre of Zukofsky’s poem into an elegy.
Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang and Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge
Authors: Dworkin Craig
Published: January 2021

Chapter 6 considers Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge (1995), based in part on Clarence Major’s Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang and the American Heritage Dictionary, in the context of the OuLiPo and Mullen’s other poetic engagements with the dictionary. Through a careful attention to her specific dictionary borrowings and the cryptic play of anagram, palindrome, and paragram in Muse & Drudge, the chapter explicates the poem’s argument for and enactment of miscegenation. Drawing on Michael Riffaterre’s theory of the hypogram and Jacques Derrida’s theory of the signature, the chapter uncovers the motivating poetic force of the proper name in Mullen’s poem. Together, these readings complicate the received critical accounts of Mullen’s sources and the very ways in which we imagine the relation between source-text and poem.
Neoliberal Capitalism
Authors: Eggemeier Matthew T. , Fritz Peter Joseph
Published: January 2021

This chapter’s verdict on neoliberalism both corroborates the papal diagnosis and makes it more damning. Neoliberalism, both in the principles of its major theorists and in the facts of its execution, is devotion to the global economy as an inscrutable deity, which must be protected by legal and political institutions. The neoliberal project was first conceived in the 1930s, out of a desire by theorists and businesspeople to stave off the threat to global capitalism posed by the demos, the mass of the world’s population. It was first broadly enacted in the 1970s as a strategy of class warfare. Gradually neoliberalism became common sense, a standard for judging what reality is, via a transformation of human self-understanding as human capital. As such, neoliberalism came to constitute a comprehensive ethos of sacrifice, including even everyday life itself, that now stands in fundamental conflict with the Catholic ethos of mercy.
A Theology of Mercy
Authors: Eggemeier Matthew T. , Fritz Peter Joseph
Published: January 2021

This chapter constructs an antineoliberal systematic theology. It contests the bedrock neoliberal commitment to impersonal reality (represented by the market) by laying out a Trinitarian theology focusing on the distinctive characters of the three persons of the Trinity. Each Trinitarian person exhibits that reality is at its core mercy. Next it resists the neoliberal anthropology of human capital by describing what we call a neighbor anthropology and an innkeeper ecclesiology, that is, a theological anthropology and ecclesiology conceptualized out of Jesus’ parable of the Good Samaritan. Finally, against the neoliberal ethos of mercilessness and culture of indifference we direct the works of mercy, presented traditionally as charity, and reimagined as structural and political: a politics of mercy.
The Politics of Mercy against Neoliberal Sacrifice
Authors: Eggemeier Matthew T. , Fritz Peter Joseph
Published: January 2021

This chapter responds to the neoliberal crises described in chapter 3 in light of the theology of mercy developed in chapter 4. First, theological ideas provide theoretical-critical leverage over against the neoliberal vision for the world: the doctrine of creation, imago dei, the freedom of Christ, and the hospitality of Christ. Second, a principle from CST or secular discourse (if the Catholic church has not developed an adequate response) offers a long-term goal for civilization: universal destination of goods and abolitionism. Finally, corporal works of mercy respond to neoliberal sacrifices: against environmental destruction, visiting the sick; slum proliferation, feeding the hungry, giving drink to the thirsty, and clothing the naked; mass incarceration, ransoming the captive; and mass deportation, welcoming the stranger. These works must be made political not only as direct action, but also as an interlocking strategy over the short-term, middle-term, and long-term for social transformation.
The Attunement Affektenlehre
Authors: Grant Roger Mathew
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the theoretical texts of the attunement Affektenlehre. In the wake of debates surrounding both comic opera and instrumental music, theorists felt the need to offer a new explanatory mechanism for musical affect. They turned, in this endeavor, to the empirical phenomenon of sympathetic resonance, postulating a mechanical operation whereby the vibration of musical sound could stimulate the nerves of the human body; the interior of the listener was then said to be attuned to the affect through this non-representational, corporeal mode of transmission. Scrutinizing the details of these attunement theories, the chapter concludes with Hegel’s critique of sense-certainty.
Many Stranded Stones
Authors: Groves Jason
Published: January 2021

The third chapter examines how stones serve as witnesses to historical trauma in Adalbert Stifter’s realist novellas collected in Many-colored Stones, how attempts to downplay those histories and their shocking materialism only make stone even more menacing, and how the susceptibility of those stones and histories to erosion informs his stories’ susceptibility to revision. Rather than the novellas appropriating the obdurate quality of stone and then conveying this emblem of persistence onto the decidedly more fluid familial and societal institutions, those stories within stone convey a recapitulation of their own impermanence and formal incompleteness. Relatedly, the dispersed plotting and dissipated eventfulness of Stifter’s stories, particularly where they deal with the appearance of the stone, are read as a form of engagement with the problem of reading and perceiving at earth magnitude and moreover on a far more dynamic and vibrant planet than he or his contemporaries were willing to acknowledge.
Epilogue: Dilapidated
Authors: Groves Jason
Published: January 2021

The conclusion reflects on the shifting relations between writing and stone as mediated by a common dilapidation. It reviews how aberrant stones and an unreliable Earth both trouble the novellas and novels considered in this book and perturb the ability of narrative to render a well-plotted world to the breaking point. To test the robustness of these claims the conclusion turns to the lapidary forms of the epigram and epigraph to explore how the shifting valence of stone and the lapidary might index planetary change. Walter Benjamin’s 1939 commentary on Bertolt Brecht’s War Primer epigrams, and in particular on a line written in chalk, offers a primer for commentary in the generalized state of war that is known as the Anthropocene, while also providing a vastly expanded set of coordinates for that commentary.
On the Poetic and the True
Authors: Johnson Galen A.
Published: January 2021

Two of the working titles Merleau-Ponty had considered for The Visible and the Invisible were Genealogy of the True and The Origin of Truth. As well as offering us a genealogical critique of any reduction of truth to a single absolute origin, his philosophy also strongly contests against giving in to notions of skepticism, Pyrrhonism, deception, and illusion. He contests equally against notions of “eternal truth” based upon forgetting the “retrograde movement of truth,” which means forgetting that thought and events happen at certain moments in time and are part of a process of movement and duration. There were two moments when the questions of truth were at the forefront of Merleau-Ponty’s attention: the first concerns clarifying the “mystery of language” in both literary and mathematical expression while the second introduces us to a new idea of truth (light) and new vocabulary of truth: shining (éclatement), “pregnancy,” the “dehiscence” of Being. Like Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty is not interested in tests for the mere truth of statements as secondary language, rather he is interested in originary speech and writing, both philosophical and literary, that expresses a more “militant truth,” marked by its nobility, mobility, subtlety, suppleness, depth, and richness.
Voice at the Threshold of the Audible: Free Indirect Discourse and the Colonial Space of Reading
Authors: Napolin Julie Beth
Published: January 2021

Chapter One is a study of Joseph Conrad’s first novel, Almayer’s Folly, and it concentrates on the first two words of the novel, neither of which are in English. The chapter approaches the novel through the filters of these words’ racial and colonial sound effects, which become a basis for reappraising canonical tropes of voice in narrative theory, media theory, and the phenomenology of reading. Conrad’s novelistic writing becomes critical when read in relation to emergent sound technologies, the phonograph and ethnography, both of which simultaneously depended on the oral while superseding it through a different mode of technological mediation. But the novel, as a form, only becomes a “modern” technology of voice in its discovery of free indirect discourse, which is premised upon an exclusion of the colonial sonic traces of sexual violence. The chapter concludes with Chantal Akerman’s adaptation of Conrad using lip-sync as a postcolonial strategy.
The Problem with Preservation: Aesthetics and Sanctuary in Catlin, Parkman, Erdrich, Melville, and Byatt
Authors: Neely Michelle C.
Published: January 2021

Chapter three traces preservation’s antebellum theorization and long-lasting repercussions. The first parts of this chapter delineate the flawed aesthetic logic of preservation, beginning with the earliest proposal for a “Nation’s Park” in painter and writer George Catlin’s Letters and Notes (1844). Preservation emerges as an environmental ethic because indigenous, “wild” natural spectacles are imagined to benefit an expanding, increasingly “civilized” white U.S. population. While Catlin calls for preservation of the beauty he sees in the Plains peoples, bison, and their threatened landscape, Francis Parkman Jr.’s The Oregon Trail (1849) writes of an ugliness in need of violent eradication. Louise Erdrich’s Shadow Tag (2010) illustrates the pernicious persistence of such aesthetic violence. The final portion of the chapter illuminates preservation’s flawed spatial logic. Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick (1851) rejects the possibility of whale extinction by insisting that whales have ocean sanctuaries to which they can retreat. A. S. Byatt’s plastic pollution tale, “Sea Story” (2013), plays out the destructive twenty-first-century consequences of Moby-Dick’s romantic ideas about nature. Altogether, the chapter suggests that preservation is an environmental ethic imbricated in settler colonialism, incapable of fostering meaningful human or interspecies community, and whose meagre benefits only continue to diminish as anthropogenic climate crisis intensifies.
Radical Ambivalence
Authors: O'Donnell Angela Alaimo
Published: January 2021

Radical Ambivalence: Race in Flannery O’Connor is the first book-length study of O’Connor’s attitude toward race in her fiction and correspondence and is the first study to include controversial material from unpublished letters that reveals the complex and troubling nature of her thoughts on the subject. O’Connor lived and wrote in her native Georgia during the tumultuous years of the Civil Rights movement. In one of her letters, O’Connor frankly expresses her double-mindedness regarding the social and political upheaval taking place in the U.S.: “I hope that to be of two minds about some things is not to be neutral.” This double-mindedness also manifests itself in O’Connor’s fiction. Drawing on critical whiteness studies, this study analyzes the ways in which O’Connor critiques the unjust racial practices of the South in her stories and other writings yet unconsciously upholds them; explores O’Connor’s ambivalence with regard to contemporary politics; considers the influence of theology and the Catholic Church on O’Connor’s attitudes; examines the complex role played by “Africanist” presence in the construction of white consciousness in O’Connor’s stories; and explores the theme of thwarted communion between the races in her fiction and correspondence. The study concludes that O’Connor’s race-haunted writing serves as the literary incarnation of her uncertainty about the great question of her era and of her urgent need, despite considerable reluctance, to address the fraught relationship between the races.
Theology, Religion, and Race: Constant Conversion and the Beginning of Vision
Authors: O'Donnell Angela Alaimo
Published: January 2021

Chapter 3, “Theology, Religion, and Race: Constant Conversion and the Beginning of Vision,” considers the influence of theological concepts of race and the Church on O’Connor’s thinking about race and the application of current theological studies of racism to O’Connor’s work. This includes a review of the history of the Catholic Church’s attitudes toward race and segregation, especially in the South, discussion of the influence of the theological visions of William Lynch and Teilhard de Chardin on O’Connor’s thought, as well as consideration of theologian Brian Massingale’s and M. Shawn Copeland’s recent work on Catholic theological ethics and racial justice. The chapter also contains an analysis of “Revelation.”
The Failure and Promise of Communion
Authors: O'Donnell Angela Alaimo
Published: January 2021

Chapter 5, “The Failure and Promise of Communion,” explores the theme of thwarted communion between the races that pervades O’Connor’s correspondence and fiction. Her relentless interest in portraying the failure and the hope of such communion is evident in “The Enduring Chill” and in her novel The Violent Bear It Away, as well as in other stories. The chapter concludes with a brief summation of the primary findings of the study as a whole and argues that O’Connor’s race-haunted work is a record of her commitment to trying to understand the complexity of the relationship between the races and to convey it faithfully.
The Care Economy as Alternative Economy
Authors: Sullivan-Dunbar Sandra
Published: January 2021

This essay explores the care economy, defined as activity oriented toward sustaining life and promoting basic well-being, whether that activity is paid or unpaid. The essay finds parallels between Pope Benedict XI’s concerns about neoclassical economics as expressed in Caritas in Veritate and feminist scholarship addressing the care economy. Both Benedict and feminist economists challenge sharp binaries between the market and the state and affirm a spectrum of motives driving economic activity. Both Benedict and feminist economists critique an individualistic, voluntaristic anthropology of self-interest, and both understand true economic development to promote the holistic well-being of all persons. However, Benedict does not draw on scholarship about development and the care economy. Progress toward the vision of development outlined in CV requires consideration of this economy and acceptance of a more complex and pluralist account of the social organization of caregiving than Benedict envisions.
Introduction
Authors: Short Courtney A.
Published: January 2021

This study examines the occupation of Okinawa from the wartime planning stages in late 1944 and early 1945 through to the end of the US Navy’s responsibility for occupation duties in July 1946. In engaging in the historical discourse about the role of race in the Pacific War, two analytical choices drive the structure of this work. First, civilians that ethnically bore more resemblance to the enemy than the invading US forces served as the focal point of American racialized interactions. By examining the contact between a besieged civilian population and the US military rather than the contact between two combatant militaries, the study contests the misleading argument that issues of race in the Pacific War stemmed only from dehumanizing an enemy. A large, mostly docile civilian population complicates the term “enemy” and allows for an exploration of American racism in the Pacific expressed outside of the confines of force-on-force conventional warfare. Second, the environment of combat, central to this historical debate, also features predominantly in my work. The confusion, energy, heightened emotions, delirious exhaustion, life-threatening situations, and trauma of combat pushed the actors involved into dramatic decision making.
US Marine Discipline
Authors: Short Courtney A.
Published: January 2021

The Marines, like the U.S. Army, conducted intensive intelligence investigations into the cultural background and disposition of the Okinawans. Despite collecting the same data as the U.S. Army and following the same Tenth Army guidance, the Marines stated unequivocally in their military government plans that Okinawans devoted themselves to the Japanese empire as loyal subjects. This erased any ambiguity for the Marines by authoritatively assigning an identity to the Okinawans that predicted a hostile response. The disparity between the conclusions reached by the Marines and the Army about the predicted response of the Okinawans displays the contested nature of the American definition of Okinawan identity and the malleable nature of race and ethnicity. Regardless of specific conclusions reached during cultural examination, scrutiny along lines of ethnicity proved pivotal in mission planning.
Policy into Action
Authors: Short Courtney A.
Published: January 2021

Initial landings and primary encounters with Okinawan civilians required careful vigilance and judicious evaluations of the potential of the population to fight. Exercising caution in order to minimize unnecessary risks to operational secrets and American lives, military government units assigned to Army combat units initially worked under guidance that resulted in intense security measures aimed to firmly control civilian movement. As the battle expanded inland by early summer, however, the possibility of the people acting violently toward the soldiers seemed less likely. Acting under orders that allowed the soldiers to determine the intentions of the civilians upon landing, soldiers, finding a cooperative, obedient population, offered charity and extended goodwill to the Okinawans. Gradually, the military government units assigned to U.S. Army combat units relaxed their strict parameters.