bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells exhibit immature nucleus pulposus cell phenotype in a laminin-rich pseudo-three-dimensional culture system
Authors: Chon Brian H , Lee Esther J , Jing Liufang , Setton Lori A , Chen Jun
Published: October 2013

Introduction

Cell supplementation to the herniated or degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) is a potential strategy to promote tissue regeneration and slow disc pathology. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUCMSCs) – originating from the Wharton’s jelly – remain an attractive candidate for such endeavors with their ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. Previously, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied as a potential source for disc tissue regeneration. However, no studies have demonstrated that MSCs can regenerate matrix with unique characteristics matching that of immature nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues of the IVD. In our prior work, immature NP cells were found to express specific laminin isoforms and laminin-binding receptors that may serve as phenotypic markers for evaluating MSC differentiation to NP-like cells. The goal of this study is to evaluate these markers and matrix synthesis for HUCMSCs cultured in a laminin-rich pseudo-three-dimensional culture system.

Methods

HUCMSCs were seeded on top of Transwell inserts pre-coated with Matrigel™, which contained mainly laminin-111. Cells were cultured under hypoxia environment with three differentiation conditions: NP differentiation media (containing 2.5% Matrigel™ solution to provide for a pseudo-three-dimensional laminin culture system) with no serum, or the same media supplemented with either insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Cell clustering behavior, matrix production and the expression of NP-specific laminin and laminin-receptors were evaluated at days 1, 7, 13 and 21 of culture.

Results

Data show that a pseudo-three-dimensional culture condition (laminin-1 rich) promoted HUCMSC differentiation under no serum conditions. Starting at day 1, HUCMSCs demonstrated a cell clustering morphology similar to that of immature NP cells in situ and that observed for primary immature NP cells within the similar laminin-rich culture system (prior study). Differentiated HUCMSCs under all conditions were found to contain glycosaminoglycan, expressed extracellular matrix proteins of collagen II and laminin α5, and laminin receptors (integrin α3 and β4 subunits). However, neither growth factor treatment generated distinct differences in NP-like phenotype for HUCMSC as compared with no-serum conditions.

Conclusions

HUCMSCs have the potential to differentiate into cells sharing features with immature NP cells in a laminin-rich culture environment and may be useful for IVD cellular therapy.
Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity After Human Islet Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rickels Michael R. , Kong Stephanie M. , Fuller Carissa , Dalton-Bakes Cornelia , Ferguson Jane F. , Reilly Muredach P. , Teff Karen L. , Naji Ali
Published: October 2013

Context:

Islet transplantation can improve metabolic control for type 1 diabetes (T1D), an effect anticipated to improve insulin sensitivity. However, current immunosuppression regimens containing tacrolimus and sirolimus have been shown to induce insulin resistance in rodents.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of islet transplantation on insulin sensitivity in T1D using euglycemic clamps with the isotopic dilution method to distinguish between effects at the liver and skeletal muscle.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

Twelve T1D subjects underwent evaluation in the Clinical and Translational Research Center before and between 6 and 7 months after the transplant and were compared with normal control subjects.

Intervention:

The intervention included intrahepatic islet transplantation according to a Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium protocol under low-dose tacrolimus and sirolimus immunosuppression.

Main Outcome Measures:

Total body (M/Δinsulin), hepatic (1/endogenous glucose production ·basal insulin) and peripheral [(Rd − endogenous glucose production)/Δinsulin] insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic (1 mU·kg−1·min−1) euglycemic (∼90 mg/dL) clamps with 6,6-2H2-glucose tracer infusion were measured.

Results:

Glycosylated hemoglobin was reduced in the transplant recipients from 7.0% ± 0.3% to 5.6% ± 0.1% (P < .01). There were increases in total (0.11 ± 0.01 to 0.15 ± 0.02 dL/min·kg per microunit per milliliter), hepatic [2.3 ± 0.1 to 3.7 ± 0.4 × 102 ([milligrams per kilogram per minute]−1·(microunits per milliliter)−1)], and peripheral (0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.12 ± 0.02 dL/min·kg per microunit per milliliter) insulin sensitivity from before to after transplantation (P < .05 for all). All insulin sensitivity measures were less than normal in T1D before (P ≤ .05) and not different from normal after transplantation.

Conclusions:

Islet transplantation results in improved insulin sensitivity mediated by effects at both the liver and skeletal muscle. Modern dosing of glucocorticoid-free immunosuppression with low-dose tacrolimus and sirolimus does not induce insulin resistance in this population.
POP-OP: A Shape Memory-Based Morphing Wall
Authors: Esquivel Gabriel , Weiser Dylan , Hartl Darren J , Whitten Daniel
Published: October 2013

Recent tendencies in architecture take a unique point of view, with aesthetically novel and unnatural sensibilities emerging from a close scrutiny and study of apparently natural systems. These tendencies are being driven by mathematical and computational abstractions that transform the way we understand the matterinformation relationship. This project was inspired by Op Art, a twentieth century art movement and style in which artists sought to create an impression of movement on an image surface by means of an optical illusion. Passive elements consisting of composite laminates were produced with the goal of creating lightweight, semi-rigid, and nearly transparent pieces. The incorporation of active materials comprised a unique aspect of this project: the investigation of surface movement through controlled and repeatable deformation of the composite structure using shape memory alloy (SMA) wiring technology. The integration of composite materials with SMA wiring and Arduino automation control resulted in an architectural wall that incorporated perceptual and actual motion.
Blast and Ballistic Resistance of Ultra-High Strength Steel
Authors: Ma C.Y. , Liew J Y Richard
Published: October 2013

This paper investigates the blast and ballistic resistance of high strength steel XAR-450 with a tensile strength of about 1200 MPa. Compared to normal strength steel, this steel provides significant improvements in ultimate strength performance and can be designed with minimum weight, which are of increasing importance for use in the construction and defense industries. First, material properties of high strength steel are investigated to understand the protective capability and robustness of the proposed protective structures by utilizing the high strength steel plate to resist blast loading and high velocity impact. Both strain hardening and strain rate hardening of XAR-450 steel are investigated. Tensile Split Hopkinson Bar tests were performed to obtain the ultimate tensile strength at strain rates between 103 s−1 and 104 s−1. Test results show noticeable increase of tensile strength of up to 40% with the increase of strain rate from static to 104 s−1. Suitable rate-dependent constitutive models and parameters are proposed based on least-squares fitting with test data. The ductile fracture mechanics is also investigated. Thus these material parameters can be used for numerical analysis of protective structures subject to blast and impact. Finally, high velocity impact resistance of high strength steel XAR-450 against bullet and Fragment Simulating Projectile (FSP) were investigated experimentally and numerically. The blast resistance of the high strength XAR-450 steel plate is investigated by the comparison of blast field test result with the finite element analysis results.
A Rate Dependent Stress-Strain Relationship Model for Normal, High and Ultra-High Strength Concrete
Authors: Ngo Tuan , Mendis Priyan , Whittaker Andrew
Published: October 2013

High and ultra-high strength concrete are becoming popular for many applications, including critical infrastructure subjected to high strain rate loading such as blast and impact. A strain rate dependent material model that is applicable to a range of strengths, varying from normal strength to ultra-high strength concrete, is presented in this paper. The results from a comprehensive experimental study conducted to investigate the strength and deformation capacity of concrete cylinders under high-velocity impact loading using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test setup is reported. Unconfined 50 mm diameter concrete cylinders with compressive strengths varying from 32 MPa (4640 psi) to 160 MPa (23 200 psi) were tested to derive the dynamic properties of concrete at strain rates up to 300 s−1. The SHPB test data were analysed to obtain the stress-strain relationships and strength dynamic increase factors (DIFs) for these concrete specimens under dynamic axial compression.
Optimizing Retail Assortments
Authors: Rooderkerk Robert P. , van Heerde Harald J. , Bijmolt Tammo H. A.
Published: October 2013

Retailers face the problem of finding the assortment that maximizes category profit. This is a challenging task because the number of potential assortments is very large when there are many stock-keeping units (SKUs) to choose from. Moreover, SKU sales can be cannibalized by other SKUs in the assortment, and the more similar SKUs are, the more this happens. This paper develops an implementable and scalable assortment optimization method that allows for theory-based substitution patterns and optimizes real-life, large-scale assortments at the store level. We achieve this by adopting an attribute-based approach to capture preferences, substitution patterns, and cross-marketing mix effects. To solve the optimization problem, we propose new very large neighborhood search heuristics. We apply our methodology to store-level scanner data on liquid laundry detergent. The optimal assortments are expected to enhance retailer profit considerably (37.3%), and this profit increases even more (to 43.7%) when SKU prices are optimized simultaneously.
The Bipartite Rationing Problem
Authors: Moulin Hervé , Sethuraman Jay
Published: October 2013

In the bipartite rationing problem, a set of agents share a single resource available in different “types,” each agent has a claim over only a subset of the resource types, and these claims overlap in arbitrary fashion. The goal is to divide fairly the various types of resources between the claimants when resources are in short supply.

With a single type of resource, this is the standard rationing problem [O'Neill B (1982) A problem of rights arbitration from the Talmud. Math. Soc. Sci. 2(4):345–371], of which the three benchmark solutions are the proportional, uniform gains, and uniform losses methods. We extend these methods to the bipartite context, imposing the familiar consistency requirement: the division is unchanged if we remove an agent (respectively, a resource), and take away at the same time his share of the various resources (respectively, reduce the claims of the relevant agents). The uniform gains and uniform losses methods have infinitely many consistent extensions, but the proportional method has only one. In contrast, we find that most parametric rationing methods [Young HP (1987a) On dividing an amount according to individual claims or liabilities. Math. Oper. Res. 12(3):397–414], [Thomson W (2003) Axiomatic and game-theoretic analysis of bankruptcy and taxation problems. Math. Soc. Sci. 45(3):249–297] cannot be consistently extended.
An Intersection-Movement-Based Dynamic User Optimal Route Choice Problem
Authors: Long Jiancheng , Huang Hai-Jun , Gao Ziyou , Szeto W. Y.
Published: October 2013

In this paper a novel variational inequality (VI) formulation of the dynamic user optimal (DUO) route choice problem is proposed using the concept of approach proportion. An approach proportion represents the proportion of travelers that select a turning or through movement when leaving a node. Approach proportions contain travelers' route information so that the realistic effects of physical queues can be captured in a formulation when a physical-queue traffic flow model is adopted, and so that route enumeration and path-set generation can be avoided in the solution procedure. In addition, the simple structure of the approach proportion representation allows us to decompose the constraint set for solving large-scale DUO route choice problems. This paper also discusses the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to the VI problem and develops a solution algorithm based on the extragradient method to solve the proposed VI problem. This solution algorithm makes use of the decomposition property of the constraint set and is convergent if the travel time functions are pseudomonotone and Lipschitz continuous. It is not necessary to know the Lipschitz constant of the travel time functions in advance. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the properties of the proposed model and the performance of the solution algorithm.
Labor market and employment in Uzbekistan
Authors: Khaiitov Abdimannon
Published: October 2013

The aim of this article is to discuss how to increase employment in different regions. Conclusions drawn are that town halls play key role in regional employment. They should analyze and estimate formed social and demographic situation in the region clarify the share of the employed and unemployed body-able population, the reasons of the formed situation, elaborate and realize the measures on providing rational employment. A special attention should be paid to the existing disproportion between the rates of the new working places growth and the population increase creating definite difficulties for the youth entering the labor market, restraining the latter’s migration to the capital, other regions and abroad in searching a job. It is obvious that one shouldn’t fail to take into account the measures connected with the motivation and stimulation of labor and enhancement of the social protection of the population as a whole.
Transformation of the taxation system and its influence on enterprise development in the Republic of
Authors: Bazarov Furkat
Published: October 2013

The research studies impacts of new tax changes to the small businesses, unemployment and to economic growth in Uzbekistan. The study shows that the tax policy directed on perfection of tax mechanisms, reduction of tax rates aimed to raise economic efficiency of manufacturing and increasing individual income. As a result from year to year the tax burden is reduced and the taxation order becomes simpler. Empirical analysis shows that only for last seven years the general tax burden in economy was reduced with 40 to 27 percent. The author found problems existing in small business taxation and generalizes recommendations for simplification of tax system and tax administration.
The Size Is Matter: Farm Land Optimization In Bukhara
Authors: Jumaev Ilkhom
Published: October 2013

The efficient utilization of resources and effective functioning of farms in most cases dependent from the size of land plots allotted to them the research found. This research scientifically justifies the reduction of number of farms from 6,693 to 2,465 in Bukhra region using the economic and mathematical methods. Comparative analysis of indicators for the neighboring Khorezm and Ferghana region is conducted using the case method, and foreign experience in this area (Holland, France, USA, Italy) has been studied. Several factors have been researched and econometric models have been developed (using the multifactor function) to establish the most suitable average size of land prolts for Bukhara region (which is 60-70ha).
Russian Aviation Business: Critical Areas For Benchmarking
Authors: Vepreva Natalia
Published: October 2013

Russian aviation business has faced a challenge. There are only two ways to proceed - either to change quickly and effectively or stay and slowly loose positions. Best practices of production systems creation from 3 world famous production companies were analyzed in order to come to the result, which is a basic fundament for production system. Fundament consists of four major columns living under major ideologies: first, supply chain management, production and internal logistics processes with supplier-customer ideology, second, human resources management process with deployed function of personnel development, third, quality management process serving and steering the production process and forth, management structure adjusted according to the process value-based approach.
CONFUSION OF ACCOUNTING TERMINOLOGY IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Černius Gintaras
Published: October 2013

This article presents an analysis of issues relevant to the science of finances and the practical side of this field related to financial terms. The article is written with the purpose of helping solve terminology problems of accounting which is viewed as a scientific and practical activity field. The goals of this article are to reveal the current problems of financial terminology in the field of accounting, analyze the reasons of their occurrence, determine the possible and existing negative consequences of the use of incorrect terms in the scientific and practical fields and foresee possible solutions of such problems while aiming to negate or at least reduce its impact. The relevance of the article is that the problem of accounting terms that has been discussed only sporadically is now analyzed entirely starting from its rise and development and encompassing modern times. One of the more significant results of this article is evident proof that the use of incorrect terms has negative impact upon the results provided in financial reports. Also, based on the article, certain conclusions were formed which foresee possible solutions to the analyzed terminology problems occurring in scientific literature and practice.
Working Out Of A Policy Of Attraction Of The Commodity Credit
Authors: Grabareva Alla
Published: October 2013

The commodity (commercial) credit is a part of sources of formation of actives of the organization and plays an important role in maintenance of normal production. The commodity loan gains the increasing distribution as has a number of advantages in comparison with other sources of forming of borrowed capital for the enterprise involving it in modern financial and commercial practice. The purpose of attraction of borrowed capital in the form of a commodity loan is the maximum satisfaction of requirement for financing of formed manufacturing inventories of raw and materials and decrease in a total cost of attraction of borrowed capital.
Note on the Optimal Size of Government
Authors: Chiung Ting Chao
Published: October 2013

Since  government  is  a  nonprofit  organization,  I  apply  firmtheory under zero profit condition to analyze the optimal sizeof  government.  Government  should  minimize  short­runaverage  cost  while  demand  for  public  service  is  equal  tosupply  of  public  service.  The  optimal  size  of  governmentimplies  (1)  tax  is  minimized  under  balance  budget  givenpublic service and (2) budget surplus and budget deficit areinefficient (i.e., balance budget is Pareto optimum)
Issues Of Managerial Accounting Methodology
Authors: E.V Barulina , M.S Barulina
Published: October 2013

This article deals with management accounting, its role and objectives during financial planning process. Research of on American, German and Russian scientists are also considered. Author formulates his own definitions of aims of management accounting, highlighters that object of financial accounting have to include economic costs, economic revenue and economic added value, economic interest. More  over Author defines methods of managment accounting.
Implementation Requirements Of State Marketing In Tourist Territories
Authors: Nurgaliyeva Almagul
Published: October 2013

The present article is dedicated to  the issue of implementation of State Marketing requirements in tourist territories, which is very important nowadays. It also reflects the main issues sensible in this sphere.
Social Partnership Of Establishments Of Formation With Employers As Effective Preparation Of The Expert On A Labor Market
Authors: Firsova Irina , Karpova Svetlana
Published: October 2013

This article considers the problem of preparation of highly skilled professional. Both labor market research and the review of the statistical data have shown that the demand for competent experts today surpasses the supply. With regard to this, creation of optimum conditions for effective functioning and development of educational institutions with attraction of other control links by system which directly influence educational institutions is necessary. This process should go hand in hand with direct relation to manufacture. For the successful solution of professional problems of formation the competences of the future experts, it is necessary to apply tools and technologies that enable to develop and introduce mechanisms of transfer of requirements of the social order («a voice of employers») in remedial aspects of preparation of experts through set of the actions based on a cycle "plan-introduce-estimate-improve".
Marketing Strategy: Concepts And Implication
Authors: Akramov Tohir
Published: October 2013

In today's very competitive marketplace a strategy that insures a consistent approach to offering your product or service in a way that will outsell the competition is critical. However, in concert with defining the marketing strategy you must also have a well defined methodology for the day to day process of implementing it. This research studies contemporary strategy concepts and the methods of its implementation, which is very needed in Uzbek economy.
Corporate Knowledge Management: Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Kapterev Andrei
Published: October 2013

Governing the professional and intellectual potential – interdisciplinary field of scientific research and a systematic process of creating, using and developing the innovation technologies of transforming the individual knowledge and specialists’ experience in such a way that would apply the knowledge and experience to the processes, services and products offered by an organization to reach its strategic goals. From the technological standpoint, governing the professional and intellectual potential represents modeling, forming, using and developing the corporate system of governing the professional and intellectual potential, including: (a) corporate model of external environment and internal business processes; (b) corporate information system; (c) corporate knowledge management system (KMS); and (d) corporate learning management system (LMS). Author considers structuring knowledge using this model rather valuable during the stage of forming the governance system of the professional and intellectual potential. Understanding, i.e., explicit definition of these factors, would allow for constant observation of the behavioral trends and for organizing the activity in a way conducive for influencing the favorable change of these factors. In addition, the presence of the critical management factor (CMF) system enables one to check the significance of any activity (i.e., any processes within a company) against these factors.
Quality Management Of Higher Education In The Context Of Integration To European Education Area
Authors: Tatiana Salimova , Vasilij Makolov , Yulia Enaleeva
Published: October 2013

The article has the characteristics of multilevel quality assurance system, based on the European, national and institutional structures. The authors pay attention to quality education issues in the context of the Bologna Process under the modern conditions. The current trends and problems of quality assurance system have been defined. The experience of Mordovia State University participating in the implementation of the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area has been presented in this article.
Management Of Safety In Chains Of Deliveries Based On The System Approach
Authors: Terenina Irina V.
Published: October 2013

In given article it was analysed the intrinsic characteristic of concepts on the basis of the system approach: uncertainty, risk and stability in chains of deliveries. The basic directions of development of the modern theory and practice in the field of management of safety in chains of deliveries were formulated. The purpose of the given work is studying of sources of uncertainty in chains of deliveries and development of operating influences for stability maintenance in chains of deliveries. In the given article management of safety in chains of deliveries is investigated with use of all arsenal of methods of economic influences in connection with toolkit of the general theory of systems, the system analysis, the theory of probability, cybernetics and logistics. In the beginning of the article we prove an actuality of a considered problem and formulate the purposes and problems of the given research. Then we specify set of methods used during the decision of tasks and we offer standard set of the actions providing balance of indignant and operating influences.
PRIVATE OR PUBLIC PENSION INSURANCE?
Authors: Manov Bogomil
Published: October 2013

The most recent trends in population dynamics and increased longevity risk have provoked a rigorous debate whether the private or the public pension insurance system should be predominant. The public pension insurance is dominated by the state that guarantees its stability, but is often compared to a pyramid or a Ponzi scheme. The private pension insurance provides personal retirement accounts and proper ownership of the accumulated funds, but its sustainability during prolonged market crises and inadequate risk sharing are often questioned. In order to address the issue, this study analyzes and compares a large set of arguments and popular opinions in favour and against both pension models. As a result of the study, a conclusion is drawn stating that both types of pension insurance, despite of their positive and negative features have their essential role nowadays. This study is part of a growing set of articles on the feasibility of using a proper combination of the two pension models and will contribute to future research on the topic and might benefit policymakers in taking an appropriate decision.
OBSTACLES OF ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTION OF IFRS IN LIBYA
Authors: LAGA MASAUD 
Published: October 2013

This paper focused on the practical obstacles that will facethe  process  of  implementing  of  International  FinancialReporting  Standards  (IFRS),  with  particular  reference  toLibya.  Due  to  certain  weakness  of  its  accountinginfrastructure,  there  is  no  doubt  that  adoption  andimplementing of IFRS in Libya is not an easy task as somemight  think.  Therefore,  although  in  implementing  of  IFRS Libya  will  gain  many  benefit  including  increasing  the  level of  comparability  and  provide  more  reliable,  accurate, transparence  and  valid  financial  accounting  information. However,  the  process  of  implementing  IFRS  in  Libya will face several obstacles including lack of technical skills andinadequate knowledge of Libyan professional accountants,the difficulty to develop its existing accounting systems, anda  regulatory  framework  to  cope  with  economic  and  socialdevelopment, and recent evolution in accounting professionincluding  international  financial  reporting  standardsapplication,  inadequate  education  and  training  ofaccountants. This paper reveals that many necessary stepsshould be taken to overcome such obstacles which includestrengthen  professional  accountancy  body  (LAAA)  toimprove the status of profession, revisions of curriculum foreducating and training of professional accountants to enableaccountants to gain exposure to international developmentsin the profession including IFRS application.
The Small and Medium Enterprises and Poverty in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Ali Sharafat
Published: October 2013

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have got very much importance in the economic growth, employment generation and poverty alleviation in the economy. The annual time series data is used for examination of impact of SMEs on poverty in Pakistan for the period of 1972-2008. The study utilizes Johansen cointegration and error correction mechanism to examine long run and short impacts small scale industries and other explanatory variable on poverty in Pakistan. The results of the study confirm a strong and poverty alleviating impact of small scale industries’ output in Pakistan. The study the economic policy makers to focus on the establishment of formal financial markets to overcome the financial constraints faced by the SME sector in Pakistan. Simplification of lending procedures, enforcement of credit rights, and reduction in credit costs would be helpful for the establishment of robust SME sector in Pakistan.
The Combined Operation The Cancer Of The Rectum With Germination In Genital Organs
Authors: Bobokulov H , Hakimov A
Published: October 2013

The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum.The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 2005-2009 years.Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years.      This before 45 years - 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years - 54 patients, 60 and above years.The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurative-inflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno - perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%).The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients.The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5-year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same.
Surgical Treatment With Nonunion Of The Lateral Humeral Condyle Of Humerus With Cubitus Valgus In Children Using Apparat Ilizarov
Authors: Khujanazarov Ilkhom , Khodjanov Iskandar
Published: October 2013

Background. Nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle  are of the complex pathology of the elbow joint, occurring relatively often and resulting in disability of children.The treatment of nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus remains controversial. Purpose of this report was improvement of the results of surgical treatment of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus with use of differential approach to the surgical strategy.Material and methods. We were observing 28 children (17 boys and 11 girls) with nonunion and long-standing nonunion of lateral condyle of humerus, with various degrees of severity. There were used MRI and X-ray investigations for differential study of the patients divided into 3 groups in relation to stability and non-stability of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus.Results. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarov’s technique. The mean postoperative humerus-ulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse T-osteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively.  The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients,  good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarov’s technique. The mean postoperative humerus-ulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse T-osteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively.  The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients,  good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients.
The Role Of Lymphodissection In Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Navruzov S , Abdujapparov S , Akbarov E , Navruzov B , Islamov H
Published: October 2013

Aim of investigation: to study immediate and remote results of standard and extended lymphodissection in patients with rectal cancer. Material and methods:  132 patients with rectal cancer were performed radical surgery with lymphodissection in D2   and D3   volume according to a height of tumor location. Results: in immediate post-operated period there were noted complications in 4 patients that made up 3,03%. Observation time was 5 years. Tumor recurrence was reported in 5 patients (3,8%).  In remote period metastases were revealed in 8 patients (6,6%).  5- year total survival rate was  78,5±4,2% at stage II.  5- year total survival rate was 56,4±3,7% at stage III.  Comparing the results of standard and extended lymphodissection it was noted statistically authentic increase of 5- year survival rate in patients at stage III. Conclusion: obtained data allow to come to the conclusion about reasonability of performance of different variants of lymphodissection for patients with rectal cancer at stages II and III.
Economic Burden of Multiple Sclerosis in Slovakia
Authors: Pšenková Mária , Mackovičová Stanislava , Palúch Alexander , Foltánová Tatiana , Petrová Lenka
Published: October 2013

The disabling nature and lifelong impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes considerable socioeconomic burden despite its relative low prevalence compared to other chronic diseases. This is the first study of MS in the Slovak Republic that provides information about healthcare and social expenditures including costs of productivity loss caused by reduced work capacity of patients with MS. Retrospectively direct and indirect costs of MS were investigated by prevalence based “bottom-up” approach. The societal and health insurance perspective was used to perform the overall economic burden caused by MS in Slovakia. The human capital method was used for the calculation of indirect costs, as this is the most common method applied in published studies. As not all detailed data on expenditures were available, the missing data were collected in the retrospective patient research. Total annual costs in 2010 for 6.100 dispensed patients with MS in Slovakia were €54.723.592. Indirect costs (€31.728.757) prevailed over direct costs (€22.994.834). The highest part of both costs were €25.207.512 and €12.641.052 for loss productivity due to patients sickness and invalidity pensions and disease-modifying drugs respectively. The average cost per patient independently of disease severity was €8.971.MS causes a high economic burden, with a strong predominance of indirect costs. Documenting and quantifying this burden among patients with MS in different disease stages through cost-of-illness study can lead to better disease management and it can provide valuable information for future cost analysis and for decision-making process.
Potential Chemopreventive Effect Of “Procont”On Mirna Expression In CBA/CA Mice
Authors: Szirmai Mónika , Juhász Krisztina , Bertha András , Gombos Katalin , Révész Péter , Ember István
Published: October 2013

Background: There is emerging molecular evidence concerning themodification of miR expression pattern after the treatment with chemopreventive agents. We investigated whether a potential chemopreventive agent called “Procont” deriving from a biological systemhas a positive effect on the DMBA induced dysregulation of let-7a, miR-21 and miR-146amiRNAs.Materials and Methods: CBA/CA H2k inbred micewere fed by Procont for 7 days before the intraperitonealinjection of DMBA. After one weekof the beginning of Procont diet weanalized the let7a, miR-21, miR-146agene expression in vital organs of mice. Results:The Procont feeding significantly decreased all of the investigated miRNA expression compared with either the mice on a normal diet in the control group or mice were exposed to DMBA alone.Conclusion:The results indicate that“Procont” diet has a potential chemopreventiveeffect in mice exposed to DMBA.
Morphological Characteristics Of Lungs In The Dynamics Of Development Of A New Experimental Model Of Surgical Sepsis
Authors: Azizov Yorkin , Ohunov Alisher
Published: October 2013

This is an experimental study of lung morphology in modeling sepsis on a background of severe purulent-inflammatory disease of soft tissues (necrotizing fasciitis) by original authors’ method. The study showed that early stages of sepsis (1-3 days) were characterized by manifestations of changes in lung tissue as vascular response, in the second period (the 7th day) by appearance and growth of non-obstructive microatelectases, whereas the third period (the 14th day) was characterized by progression of purulent-necrotic processes in soft tissues, development of surgical sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These changes in morphological structure of lung tissue are specific for generalized septic process and consequences of necrotizing fasciitis with its septic complication.
Prenatal Tactics Of Ultrasonographic Examination Of The Fetus In Early Pregnancy
Authors: Kamalidinova Shahnoza
Published: October 2013

To study defects and chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus, we retrospectively analyzed results of comprehensive dynamic survey of 26,404 pregnant women aged 18-50 years old at 6 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. Of them, 25,956 (98.3%) women had physiological course of pregnancy, 448 (1.7%) women had abnormal pregnancy. For the diagnosis of fetal defects, we carried out ultrasound, biochemical, invasive and cytogenetic studies. The results of study showed that the majority of fetal defects and pathological course of pregnancy was noted in women at the age of 21-25 years old, since at this age period women have the highest number of pregnancies. At the older age, we noted a gradual decrease in the number of pregnant women, as well as the number of abnormalities of the fetus. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we have developed an algorithm for early fetal ultrasound examination. In order to exclude non-developing pregnancy and intrauterine fetal death, as well as for early diagnosis of fetal defects, we recommend screening women in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Syndromes Of Intracavitary And Intraorgan Hypertension In Surgical Practice
Authors: Timerbulatov V , Timerbulatov Sh
Published: October 2013

Background: Pathological conditions caused by intraorgan and intracavitary hypertension have shown to be common in medical practice. Syndromes of intraabdominal, intracranial hypertension in limb fracture cases are most thoroughly studied and best characterized. Nevertheless, the significance of the above syndromes to the entire body has not been efficiently defined.Methods: The implication of excessive pressure has been studied by direct and indirect measuring of pressure inside organs and body cavities in cases of brain injury, lung disease, and various conditions of abdominal cavity organs, including severe abdominal pathologies and traumas, injuries to the limbs.Results: Interorgan, intracavitary and intertissular hypertension syndromes were found to be characterised by polyetiologic nature, similar pathogenesis mechanisms and accompanied by organ dysfunction or multiorgan insufficiency, based on examination data obtained from 1955 patients, including 70 craniocerebral injury patients, 296 severe abdominal pathology patients, 316 pulmonary pathology patients, 336 Mallory-Weiss syndrome patients, 524 complicated diverticular colon disease patients, 213 acute intestinal obstruction patients, 200 severe shin-bone fracture patients.Conclusion: Interorgan, intracavitary and intertissular hypertension syndromes can be defined as a uniform (model)  pathological process caused by traumatic, infectious, metabolic, vascular factors and conditioned by a disparity between the contents volume and the volume-capacity of the organ cavity, increased pressure inside of them (>10mm Hg) and a pronounces disturbance in interorgan and intertissular perfusion. The authors consider intracavitary, interorgan and intertissular pressure of ≤10 mm Hg to be accepted as the constant value for a human body.
Geological Risks During Conduction Of Exploration Works In The Uzbekistan Part Of Aral Sea.
Authors: Abdullayev G , Turdiev D
Published: October 2013

Oil and Gas industry in general and geological exploration process particularly is characterized by a number of specific peculiarities, which differit from other sectors of economy. We focused on search and identification of geological risks associated with oil drilling. During regional level risk evaluation a significant role was played by the fact that based on results of special processing of seismic materials abnormalities were discovered and these abnormalities propose the presence of hydrocarbon deposit (deposits) in the trap.Eventually, success ratio exceeded the threshold limit value more than 20 folds, i.e the risk of deposit absence was not high.Subsequent exploration of the deposit willshow industrial significance of identified deposits. It is possible that during drilling of exploration wells in Jurassic section other deposits are possible to be discovered as it occurred in Surgil deposit located in the adjacent tectonic zone (Sudochiy depression).
Aspects Of Product Quality Control: Determination Of Quality Components And Product Quality Factor
Authors: Martynova Olha
Published: October 2013

The article concerns studies of quality factor, and problems of product quality control. Such components of quality as meeting demands of customers of target segment of market, conformance to standards, and lasting financial results are determined. Product quality factor is proposed.
KUNDENZUFRIEDENHEIT UND KUNDENBINDUNG FALLSTUDIE: ADIYAMAN
Authors: Celik Mücahit , Arslan Ethem , Elibol Fatih
Published: October 2013

Customer contentment and customer loyalty are now the most important features to maximize profits. Companies should not only focus on production, but they also need to consider every way, which leads to sale. This means, all business activities are not characterized by product, but by customer. The aim of this study is to find out whether the companies in Adiyaman give the necessary-value to customers (- contentment and -loyalty) or not. To determine that, it was handed a field survey questionnaire in the study.
The Earth Ecosystem In The Region Of Gjirokastra
Authors: Sinani Albina
Published: October 2013

The earth ecosystem in the region of Gjirokastra is the greatest earthbound potential because it protects the ground, the microclimate, the agricultural crops, favors tourism and re-creation. The ecosystem of Gjirokastra region has been changing after 1990 as a result of wide historical, socio-economical, political and demographical factors. The multifunctional, sustainable and integrated use of ecosystem is very necessary; able to realize the dynamic development, which actually is exposed to danger. The existence of original and intrude forests is of a great importance.
Informing The Society About Preschool And Preprimary Education – Education Policy Implementation In Lithuania
Authors: Kazlauskiene Ausra , Gaučaite Ramute
Published: October 2013

Modern society also distinguishes itself by a large information flow that has to be selected according to one’s needs.  A considerable number of researches proved that the spread of information about education is insufficiently efficient, so far the society is too little informed, and there is a lack of information about provided preschool and preprimary education services, in rural areas in particular. Therefore, parents, teachers and other groups of the society, which are either directly or indirectly related to preschool education, cannot use the opportunities provided by this link of education if they are not informed. For this reason it is important to analyse main documents on education of theRepublicofLithuania, to investigate the situation of informing the society about preschool and preprimary education in education policy implementation. The article is based on the content analysis, which generalizes the documents on education policy that regulate informing of the society about preschool and preprimary education inLithuania.The analysis of the documents on education of the Republic of Lithuania demonstrated that, informing about preschool and preprimary education, focal attention is paid to the target groups that directly participate in  the child’s education processes – parents/foster parents and the staff of the education system. Only the context enables us to presume what information is forwarded to other groups of the society that indirectly participate in children’s education processes. Such situation may be influenced by the approach consolidated in the documents on education of theRepublicofLithuaniaabout preschool education as an intermediate, transitional link between the family and the school; it is sought “to prove parents and the society the efficiency and necessity of qualified children’s education”. It is likely that the lack of systematic attitude towards informing various societal groups as potential social partners about children’s education and care at the legal level will limit the possibilities both of practical creation of the informing system and its functioning.
Notions, Nuances And Connotations Of Idioms With Names Of Fruit And Vegetables In Albanian
Authors: Miconi Harallamb
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study is to show that the lexical field with names of fruit and vegetables in Albanian is of special interest for the field of phraseology as well. Thanks to fruit and vegetables and the names of this field, man can create a language of reason and express their attitude to reality. In this study we mainly focused on the nuances and connotations of these idioms as lexical content elements that make the meaning expressed by an idiom distinct from the meaning expressed by an one-word equivalent. Our conclusion is that the observed nuances are negative, such as the idea of futility, evil, rush, etc., while as far as connotations are concerned, most of them are negative, such as the connotation of disregard, irony, derision, etc., but there is also a positive connotation, such as the connotation of admiration. Regarding the nature of the properties and actions that idioms express, 85% of them characterize man, that is, they have an anthropocentric nature.
Navigation Between Menu Screens and Multiple Touch Points on a Touch Screen Tablet to Access and Complete Multi-Step Tasks Using Video Prompting
Authors: Mechling Linda C. , Foster Ashley M. , Ayres Kevin M.
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of three young adults with intellectual disability to independently operate a touch screen tablet, including examining their ability to navigate between three different menu screens, each with four different touch point options (branching and to access and complete multi-step tasks using video prompting. A multiple probe across subjects design was used and data were collected on these young adults' abilities to navigate between screens and perform steps for becoming more independent in cooking, cleaning, and folding tasks. All three participants learned to navigate between different menu screens, access different video programs, complete the multi-step tasks, and maintained skill performance from 10 to 61 days.