bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Medicine and Phantom Pain
Authors: Ban Jaeyu
Published: March 2023

Modern medicine has early experienced the absence of mimesis and has been trying to replace the absence with objective grounds and experimental data. However, as medicine became science, the crisis of medicine spread more widely. Microscopic powers and violences are invisible, but individuals are powerless and vainly unable to resist. The anguish or introspection about the situation is sometimes described in stories such as An Engagement by Lee Eung Jun. An Engagement is mentioned in this article due to the writer’s attitude, which shows his introspection and desire for harmony through the wounds of each trivial character. The writer is unceasingly talking about suffering people in his story and his seriousness enables readers to find his stronger sympathy over life and death than in any other medical stories. In fact, it is impossible for readers to comprehend the confusing propositions which the writer pours out, and even uncomfortable to read the story. Nevertheless, the propositions are always in contact with reality. Perhaps it is not the writer’s confusing propositions that make us uncomfortable. It might be ourselves who are always alienated and starved. We can say that the characters’ pains and wounds are phantom pains caused by the absence of mimesis. Since there is no affected area, their pains cannot be measured by only scientific medicine. However, the current medical profession regards objective research evidences as absolute truth and allows them to be the sole criterion. Although scientific skills such as DNA analysis and MRI scan can be the substitutes for doctors’ judgment, so much of medicine is still interpersonal relationships. An Engagement. As a person promises to marry another, as all beings together in the world promise to subordinate to one another, every subject is consistently a valuable part of each other for the writer’s eyes. He is aware that it is originally impossible to get engaged to the world, but he does not give up the possibility of genuine communication. In today’s post-modernism society, where a large number of pathological views define the members and the world itself, endless questioning of existence and digging into pathology will be the only way to reduce the gap between individuals and their world. This article does not say that a literary work will lead the change of medical paradigm. It sprang from a desire for medical humanities to gain more interest of the medical field, where the encounter between literature and medicine is still unfamiliar, and to make medical education recognize the importance of humanities. Starting with this work, I believe that the humanities will help us to find the solution to the age of absence of mimesis and to the crisis of medicine.
The Current Use of Human Patient Simulators in Nursing Schools in Korea
Authors: Lee Yoon Ju , Kim Mi Won , Oh Eui Geum
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the current usage of high integration mannequin human patient simulators (hereafter HPS) in nursing education. Methods: Thirty-two faculty members in 11 nursing schools participated in this survey. the questionnaire consisted of some multiple-choice questions and open questions to collect data on the experience of faculty members with using HPS as well as quantitative information. Results: The faculty members who used HPS in their classes recognized the need to use simulation in nursing education. They identified the advantages of simulation education as promoting adaptation to the clinical environment(46.9%), promoting self-confidence(28.1%), promoting critical thinking(28.15), and making direct nursing skill practice available(28.1%). However, they considered the obstacles to the use of simulation in nursing education to be insufficient manpower(62.5%), insufficient time(40.6%), and difficulty in preparing a teaching strategy(34.4%). Conclusion: HPS is useful in nursing education, but systematic plans and policies regarding on its operation are needed to confirm its effectiveness. The results of this study generally provide a basic information for use of HPS in nursing education.
A Study on the Improvement of the Medical Education System in Korea Since 1999
Authors: Lee Moo Sang
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this study is to examine the improvement and discourse of the medical education system in Korea since 1990. In particular, this study, focusing on the graduate medical education system initiated in 2002, has explored the discussions that led to the system’s establishment and what the context of those discussions. To meet this objective, this study analyzed research report related to the medical education system authored by members of the government and medical community, suggestions to the government, discussion materials, and data with regard to the Medical (Dental) Education Eligibility Test. The improvement of the medical education system in Korea has been an important issue in education reform by the expansion of the number of years of higher education, the requirements for increased levels of professional knowledge by improving public educational standards, and the basic formation policy of higher education consisting of graduate school, special graduate school, and professional graduate school. Nevertheless, the views of the government and the medical community on improving medical education system have made an obvious difference. This was due to different aims about how to improve the medical education system and different perception of the degree and medical education system. The medical community at least tended to prefer the status of academic positions over professional positions. The policy of medical education for people with a bachelor’s degree which was introduced in 2002 spread to many colleges of medicine based on the government’s administrative and financial support policy. Even so, the absence of accompanying policy by the relevant government agencies and department of education, which could have ensured the success of the system, has led to continued debate. In conclusion, without a consistent and persistent government policy, the graduate medical education system has led to confusion in many medical institutions. Above all, an evidence-based policy decision and policy approach based on a long-term perspective are necessary in order to improve the medical education system.
Taking into Account the History of Korean Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Lee Moo Sang
Published: March 2023

During the Japanese colonial period in the Korean Peninsula, Chosun (ethnic Korean) physicians were trained in vocational clinical schools, but Japanese physicians in medical school. Therefore, the Japanese government treated the Japanese physicians as medical doctors but Chosun physicians as dealers or traders in clinical services. This colonial discriminatory policy became a habitual concept to Korean physicians. Because of these traditional concepts regarding physicians, after the colonial period, the newly established Korean government also had the same concept of physicians. Therefore, in 1952, the Korean graduate medical education system was launched under a government clearance system with the claim of supporting medical specialties as clinical dealers or clinical businesspeople. During the last 60 years, this inappropriate customary concept and the unsuitable system have evolved into medical residency training education, and then into graduate medical education. Today graduate medical education has become inextricably linked to postdoctoral work in Korean hospitals.
Changes in the Clerkship in Korean Medical Schools: The Prospect of a Student Internship
Authors: Yoon Tai Young , Lee Jong Keun , Oh In Hwan
Published: March 2023

The subinternship (student internship), a subtype of bedside and clinical training was first developed in the United States. Currently, some medical schools conduct a student internship and many other universities are considering the implementation of a student internship in Korea. If the intern system is abrogated beginning in 2016 as in the United States, then the importance of the student internship will be greatly emphasized for clinical training. To produce good and competent medical doctors, members of medical schools and affiliated hospitals must acknowledge the role of the educational hospital and support student internships. In addition, the effort of the medical community to develop and apply a standard curriculum to the student internship is also required. Above all, the attention of society and the nation is essential to make legal policy changes regarding the conducting of student internships and enhance understanding about the authorized practices in university hospitals. The medical community’s effort to draw attention to this issue is greatly required to implement a student internship at this time.
A Pilot Study on Developing a Patient Safety Curriculum Using the Consensus Workshop Method
Authors: Lee Seung-Hee , Shin Jwa-Seop , Huh Nam-Hee , Yoon Hyun Bae
Published: March 2023

Patient safety is achieved through systematic improvement based on the knowledge and willingness of medical professionals. A systematic longitudinal curriculum for patient safety is essential to prepare medical students and professionals. The purpose of this article is to introduce our experience with a ‘workshop for developing a patient safety curriculum’ and to compare the results with previous studies. The workshop comprising 15 medical professors and patient safety experts met for 2 days. The Consensus Workshop method was applied, collecting opinions from all of the members and reaching consensus through the following stages: context, brainstorm, cluster, name, and resolve. The patient safety curriculum was developed by this method, covering patient safety topics and issues, and teaching and assessment methods. A total of 7 topics were extracted, ‘activities for patient safety, concepts of patient safety, leadership and teamwork, error disclosure, self-management, patient education, policies.’ Issues, teaching methods, and assessment methods were developed for each topic. The patient safety curriculum developed from the workshop was similar to previous curricula developed by other institutions and medical schools. The Consensus Workshop method proved to be an effective approach to developing a patient safety curriculum.
Pilot Study Results of a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship in a Single Institution
Authors: Yoon Hyun Bae , Moon Sang Hui , Myung Sun-Jung , Park Jun-Bean , Park Wan Beom
Published: March 2023

The longitudinal integrated clerkship is an innovative approach in medical education that emphasizes continuity as a key principle to provide student-centered experiences and learning. Seoul National University College of Medicine decided to adapt longitudinal integrated clerkships to the new curriculum beginning in 2018, and therefore conducted pilot studies in 2016 and 2017. This study aimed to analyze the program evaluation results of the two pilot programs and discuss issues related to the successful implementation of longitudinal integrated clerkships in Korea. We conducted a focus group interview with nine students who participated in the 2016 pilot program and 13 students who participated in the 2017 pilot program. We also conducted a focus group interview with 11 faculty members who either participated in the pilot program or will participate in the main program. From the 2016 experience, we found that it is not appropriate to assign each patient to a single student and let the students contact their patients personally for feasibility and safety reasons. In the 2017 pilot program, we assigned each patient to a group of students, which made it more feasible for the students to follow-up with their patients. The students were satisfied with their new experience of longitudinal patient follow-up and regular meetings in the pilot program. Faculty emphasized the importance of establishing the course objectives and holding an orientation for the students and the faculty. Further study is planned to evaluate the early outcomes of the main longitudinalintegrated clerkship.
Effectiveness of Medical Education Assessment Consortium Clinical Knowledge Mock Examination (2011‐2016)
Authors: Lee Sang Yeoup , Lee Yeli , Kim Mi Kyung
Published: March 2023

Good assessment is crucial for feedback on curriculum and to motivate students to learn. This study was conducted to perform item analysis on the Medical Education Assessment Consortium clinical knowledge mock examination (MEAC CKME) (2011–2016) and to evaluate several effects to improve item quality using both classical test theory and item response theory. The estimated difficulty index (P) and discrimination index (D) were calculated according to each course, item type, A (single best answer)/R (extended matching) type, and grading of item quality. The cut-off values used to evaluate P were: >0.8 (easy); 0.6–0.8 (moderate); and
The Proposal for Residency Educational Programs
Authors: Huh Jung-Sik
Published: March 2023

In clinical clerkships, residents function as trainees, workers, and teachers for other medical students. Although residents care for patients in harsh environments and encounter precarious patient-safety situations, they are working towards becoming competent specialists. Residency education programs are very important in cultivating specialists able to adapt to the rapidly-changing medical environment, and are also necessary to improve the quality of specialist training. Competent specialists not only need clinical competency, but also a wide range of abilities including professionalism, leadership, effective communication, cooperation, and attention to continuous professional development/continuing medical education activities. Each Korean association of specialties has its own educational goals and standardized education programs to help residents learn specific techniques and competencies related to medical care for patients, though the training environment of each residency is different within each trainee hospital. Although it is also important to evaluate residency education programs, currently there is only an examination of knowledge and assessment of skills based on mini-clinical evaluation exercises or direct observation of procedural skills. In order to develop an objective and estimable evaluation tool that can assess the overall achievement level within each training course, it is necessary to evaluate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of residents. Residency education programs need further attention and reform.
Medical Error Disclosure: ’Sorry’ Works and Education Works!
Authors: Myung Sun Jung
Published: March 2023

Patient safety and medical errors have emerged as global concerns and error disclosure has been established as standards of practice in many countries. Disclosure of medical errors to patients and their families is an important part of patient-centred medical care and is essential to maintaining trust. However, physicians still hesitate to disclose errors to patients despite their belief that errors should be disclosed. Multiple barriers such as fear of medical lawsuits and punishment, fear of damaging their professional reputation, and diminished patient trust inhibit error disclosure. These barriers as well as lack of training or education programs addressing error disclosure contribute to a low estimated disclosure rate in real situations. Nowadays, the importance of patient safety education including error disclosure is emphasized and related research is increasing. In this paper, we will discuss the background of medical error disclosure and studies on education programs related to error disclosure. In this regard, we will examine the content and methods currently being taught, discuss the effects or outcomes of such education programs and obstacles or difficulties in implementing them. Finally, the direction of future error disclosure education, support systems, and education strategies will also be covered.
How Do Medical Students Prepare for Examinations: Pre‐assessment Cognitive and Meta‐cognitive Activities
Authors: Yune So-Jung , Lee Sang-Yeoup , Im Sunju
Published: March 2023

Although ‘assessment for learning’ rather than ‘assessment of learning’ has been emphasized recently, student learning before examinations is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-assessment learning activities (PALA) and to find mechanism factors (MF) that influence those activities. Moreover, we compared the PALA and MF of written exams with those of the clinical performance examination/objective structured clinical examination (CPX/OSCE) in third-year (N=121) and fourth-year (N=108) medical students. Through literature review and discussion, questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale were developed to measure PALA and MF. PALA had the constructs of cognitive and meta-cognitive activities, and MF had sub-components of personal, interpersonal, and environmental factors. Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to calculate survey reliability, while the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the influence of MF on PALA. A paired t-test was applied to compare the PALA and MF of written exams with those of CPX/OSCE in third and fourth year students. The Pearson correlation coefficients between PALA and MF were 0.479 for written exams and 0.508 for CPX/OSCE. MF explained 24.1% of the PALA in written exams and 25.9% of PALA in CPX/OSCE. Both PALA and MF showed significant differences between written exams and CPX/OSCE in third-year students, whereas those in fourth-year students showed no differences. Educators need to consider MFs that influence the PALA to encourage ‘assessment for learning’.
Current Practices and Future Directions in Patient Safety Education and Curriculum in Medical Schools
Authors: Oh Hae Mi , Lee Won , Jang Seung Gyeong , Kim So Yoon
Published: March 2023

In 2018, The Ministry of Health and Welfare announced its first comprehensive plan for patient safety, which included the imperative to develop a patient safety curriculum for students studying to become health professionals. The aim of this study is to assess current patient safety education and points of consideration for introducing new curriculum. An online survey was used to understand the status of patient safety education in medical schools, and key informant interviews and focus group interviews were used to collect qualitative data on the experience of patient safety education. The results of the online survey from 16 out of 40 medical schools (40% response rate) and the qualitative data analysis were integrated and analyzed. Twelve schools (75%) had established courses related to patient safety. The qualitative responses suggest that patient safety education is appropriate both before and after clinical training through a variety of educational methods, and that the topics should be linked with clinical training. The challenge of securing lecture time to address patient safety was mentioned as a realistic obstacle. When patient safety education is integrated in future curriculum, it is necessary to consider it as a priority. Moreover, in the early stages of introducing patient safety education, a step-by-step, policy-based approach is required for seamless adoption and settlement.
Public Interest Accounting as a Criterion for the Fairness of Contractual Terms (on the example of the problems of banking transactions)
Authors: Vishnevsky A. A.
Published: March 2023

The article (considering as an example the banking transactions, mostly bank deposit) provides for necessity to take into consideration the public interest while considering the terms and conditions of the contract as fair or unfair. According to the author, the fairness of the terms and conditions of the contract cannot be assessed just when taking into consideration of the interests of one of the parties vis-a-vis the other party to the contract — as far as the banking transaction of a dual nature, both civil law contract and banking product, the fairness is to be considered in the light of the interests of the banking system as a whole, as far as banking transaction cannot exist without such a system, therefore the contract term cannot be considered as fair if it provides for the best protection if the consumer interests but ignores the interest of the banking system. In turn, the interests of the banking system are public by its nature, and the article touches upon the fundamentals of counteractions of the private and public interests stressing the necessity to reconsider the traditional approach to the “division” between the public and private law.
Trends in the Legal Regulation of ESG Banking under Sanctions
Authors: Alekseeva D. G.
Published: March 2023

The sustainable Development agenda has long been a stable trend in the global economy. Russia has been included in this global theme for a long time. Legislation, regulations and recommendation documents were being developed in the country, special tools were being created, primarily in the banking sector. At the same time, the CODID-19 pandemic and the wave of sanctions pressure that

followed it raised the question of the expediency of further development of the ESG agenda in Russia. The article discusses the features of the legal regulation of ESG banking under the conditions of sanctions pressure. It is noted that the sustainable development agenda remains relevant in Russia, but is currently focused more on solving internal problems. The most important areas of ESG banking are: the development of universal terminology and a system of legal categories, taxonomy, ESG reporting, ratings, features of accounting for ESG factors in lending and financing procedures, as well as corporate governance and compliance control.

Proposals are formulated to improve the regulatory and legal regulation of ESG banking in Russia.
Methods of fog control for a vehicle windscreen before vehicle moving off
Authors: Ignatiev Vasily V. , Antoshina Valentina N.
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION: In any type of vehicle, the accessory equipment system of air heating and conditioning should ensure safety by means of glazing protection from fogging with high operational speed and minimal energy consuming, as drivers reaction slows down in low visibility conditions and the risk of road accidents increases.
AIMS: Analytical review of state-of-the-art methods of efficiency improvement of condensate cleaning from the inner surface of a vehicle windscreen in order to discover promising methods of fog control before vehicle moving off which are energy efficient and driver- and passenger-friendly.
LINE OF RESEARCH: Review of publications, dedicated to issues of condensate cleaning and vehicle glazing prevention from fogging.
METHODS: Study and analysis of papers in the mentioned area, published in open sources.
RESULTS: Conditions of fogging on inner surfaces of vehicle glazing are discussed. Russian and foreign regulatory documents, featuring demands to the procedure of fog cleaning from the windscreen inner surface, are given. Special aspects of air drying in cabin of electric vehicles and ICE-driven vehicles and various methods of the windscreen inner surface heating are considered.
CONCLUSIONS: Efficiency of windscreen condensate cleaning may be increased significantly by means of conjuction of such methods as: a) making inner surfaces of vehicle glazing hydrophobic; b) defroster design optimization in order to ensure air supply having minimal pressure losses, maximal output mass, high speed and uniform distribution of airflow along the surface of critically important fields of view; c) using of tempered windscreens with transparent electrically-conducting layer; d) drying of vehicle cabin air. At present, the search for efficient methods of windscreen warming and cabin air drying in recirculation mode for both electric vehicles and ICE-driven vehicles, operating in low air temperature conditions, continues.
The rechargeable systems of electric energy storage for the category L vehicles
Authors: Degtyarev Ivan P. , Kurmaev Rinat H.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: The high-tech world cannot be stable essentially, therefore there are electric automobiles, electric motorcycles and other vehicles with the electric energy source alongside conventional vehicles. Due to the development of category L electric vehicles, development and manufacturing of rechargeable systems of electric energy storage (RSEES) is demanded. The design of the system of electric energy storage must meet a number of requirements given to category L electric vehicles. The system of electric energy storage as part of an electric vehicle should ensure the maximal drive range (high energy capacity) and have enough strength of ensuring the safety of a category L vehicle. One of the issues of meeting the given requirements is reducing the mass of the RSEES frame using light-alloy materials.
AIMS: Increase of energy efficiency of the two-wheeled vehicle with an electric drive based on development of the RSEES considering mass and dimensional properties.
METHODS: One of the methods of modelling the structural elements of a frame with similar geometrical layout but using various materials (nonferrous materials) is used. The theoretical simulation of loading at these structural elements and comparison of components with various materials are performed.
RESULTS: The issue of reducing the mass of the RSEES is one of the problems of improvement the category L electric vehicles (EV) efficiency. Apart from increase of drive range, reducing the mass and inertial properties of the RSEES frame leads to improvement of maneuvering ability and handling of an EV. It is worth noting that the location of the rechargeable systems of electric energy storage inside an electric motorcycle positively affects energy efficiency because of lowering the center of mass, which consequently reflects on aerodynamics and driving of category L electric vehicle.
CONCLUSIONS: The main current issue of development of the RSEES for electric vehicles including electric motorcycles is reducing its mass. One of the ways of achieving it is using variable alloys in the RSEES frame design. The method of calculation of the design of the frame of the rechargeable system of electric energy storage which allows optimal choosing of material and component geometry, that makes possible to reduce mass and dimensional properties by 20%, is shown in the article. The next stage is manufacturing of a prototype and practical testing of the PSEES for confirmation of the theoretical calculations.
Analysis of the efficiency of balancing pistons of feed pumps
Authors: Zharkovsky Alexander A. , Zakharov Alexander A. , Fedorov Sergei P.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Thermo power industry demands the high level of reliability of pump equipment. Regarding that, improvement of reliability of feed pump structure and balancing device in particular is a relevant issue.
AIMS: To perform numerical simulation of a balancing device in order to determine its optimal design and parameters. The study object is the balancing device of the PEN 290-115 feed pump
METHODS: Two types of the balancing piston, two-stage and single-stage, were studied. The series of computational fluid dynamics simulations of the three-dimensional flow of a viscous liquid were performed using the ANSYS CFX software in order to study the efficiency of given designs.
RESULTS: The calculated characteristics of the two designs of the unloading device were obtained. The influence of roughness and radial clearance on the efficiency of a cylindrical piston was studied. The simulation results showed that the radial clearance decrease leads to balancing device losses decrease. The roughness value increase may also lead to the leaks decrease, but its excessive increase leads to friction losses increase, so it is necessary to control both parameters when searching for the optimal roughness value.
CONCLUSIONS: The optimal design of the balancing piston, which combines simplicity of manufacturing, reliability and energy efficiency, is proposed.
Development of approaches for transport infrastructure adaptation to climatic change
Authors: Akhtyamov Rasul G.
Published: March 2023

Aim: Development of transport infrastructure adaptation for climatic change.
Materials and Methods: The research method was the analysis of climate change adaptation approaches, climate change adaptation action programs, and adaptation plans at the local, regional and sectoral levels.
Results: The proposed approach consists of an adaptation strategy and an implementation plan for the adaptation strategy to integrate climate change adaptation activities into existing management. The outcome of the development of approaches to the adaptation of the transport industry to climate change should be an adaptation strategy and plan.
Conclusion: The iterative structure makes it possible to adjust adaptation measures, taking into account the refinement of climate change forecasts, socio-economic and technological changes. The proposed approach allows to determine the level of industry adaptation readiness for adaptation measures improving.
Policing Rural Crime: The Case of the NSW Police Force Rural Crime Prevention Team
Authors: Whiteside Cameron , Brennan Ann , Mulrooney Kyle
Published: March 2023

The NSW Police Force Rural Crime Prevention Team (RCPT) was created to prevent, disrupt, and respond to crimes that impact specifically on the agricultural, pastoral and aquaculture industries. Since its inception in early 2018, the team has developed and delivered a number of novel and innovative policing initiatives which seek to make rural communities safer and increase their resilience. In this paper, we offer practical insights on a number of these developments. Specifically, we will examine innovations deployed in relation to rural policing across five key areas, including 1) investigating rural crime within New South Wales and identifying interstate links and trends; 2) identifying inhibitors within legislation and policy impacting the ability of Law Enforcement Agencies to prevent, disrupt and respond to rural crime; 3) enhancing the education and knowledge of Law Enforcement Officers regarding rural crime; 4) raising the public awareness of rural crime and increasing community engagement with relevant stakeholders within rural communities and industries; and, finally, 5) collaborating and engaging with academic research/higher education toward the shared goal of safe rural spaces. We conclude the paper by discussing these practical developments in the context of farm crime research and, more specifically, how these collective efforts may serve to address established limitations and gaps in the policing and prevention of crime in rural spaces.
KÜRESEL VE TÜRKİYE JEOPOLİTİK RİSKLERİN BİST TURİZM ENDEKSİNE ETKİSİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: VURUR N. Serap , ÖZDEMİR Letife
Published: March 2023

Turizm sektörünün ülke GSYİH içindeki yüksek pay oranı ve cari açığın finansmanında önemli bir gelir kaynağı olması dolayısıyla önemi yüksektir. Türkiye’de yükselen jeopolitik risklerin turizm sektörünü etkilemesi durumunda ulusal ekonomi içinde olumsuz sonuçları olacaktır. Bu nedenle, GPR endeksinin hem kısa vadede hem de uzun vadede etkilerinin incelenmesi ihtiyacı bu çalışmanın motivasyonunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada küresel ve Türkiye jeopolitik risklerin BİST Turizm endeksi üzerinde etkilerinin olup olmadığı ve hangisinin etkisinin daha fazla olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla, Küresel jeopolitik risk (Küresel GPR), Türkiye jeopolitik riski (Türkiye GPR) ve BİST Turizm endeksi arasındaki ilişki Engle-Granger eşbütünleşme analizi ve FMOLS eşbütünleşme regresyon testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme analizi sonuçları GPR endeksleri ile BİST Turizm endeksi arasında uzun dönem eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Regresyon testi bulguları küresel jeopolitik risklerin turizm endeksi üzerinde etkisinin daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir. Küresel GPR’deki bir birimlik artış BİST Turizm endeksini %4,45 oranında etkilemektedir. Türkiye’ye özgü jeopolitik riskler ile BİST Turizm endeksi arasında negatif bir korelasyon ilişkisi bulunmaktadır.
A Healthcare Systems Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) Section between the University of Minnesota Duluth and Nottingham Trent University
Authors: Gray Marzell I. , Ngo Mya
Published: March 2023

Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL). COIL is a great way to aid students to assimilate towards different cultures, socioeconomic environments, and meet peers from around the world. COIL provides an opportunity for students to collaborate with other students and experts in their field of study. In this paper, we will show you one of our COIL projects that were developed and implemented through a course at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) and Nottingham Trent University in Fall 2020. We will discuss what COIL is all about and some challenges that may be faced when implementing a COIL section. We will discuss our COIL section, including the technology used, and what was covered during our sections related to healthcare systems and alternative care. We will provide information from the course, and the pre-assessment and post-assessment results related to empathy, cultural geography, and cultural awareness. Finally, we will wrap up with information related to challenges that you may face as a COIL instructor partnered with a university in another country. The goal is to provide some detailed, beneficial information for people who are implementing COIL, in the hopes that you can form relationships and global opportunities without having to leave your home.
A Case Study of Online Learning for Overseas Postgraduate Students during COVID-19
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhong Jingjing
Published: March 2023

The research is a qualitative case study of a PhD student and a master student from Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, who study online in China for their overseas postgraduate degree programs in the field of teaching English as a second language. They have kept writing diaries since the very beginning of their online learning experience. It is revealed in their dairies that the use of a number of useful applications of modern information technology products such as Google Meet, Zoom, WhatsApp, WeChat, and school online system can help create desirable learning environment, and the two factors that the consciousness of cooperative learning and the satisfying online environment for the learners also contribute to the effect of online learning. A theoretical framework of community of inquiry is applied in the analysis of the diaries within such a specific context.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study on health problems and the factors affecting the health of adolescent girls in rural population
Authors: P. Sreekavya , Channabasavanna N.  , K. B. Mahendrappa  , G. M. Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background: Many adolescent girls die prematurely due to various preventable or treatable reasons, and many more suffer from chronic ill-health and disability. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status, gynaecological problems, and psychological problems of adolescent girls attending the Paediatric OPD and ward. The aim was to study the prevalence of malnutrition in adolescent girls attending paediatric OPD and ward.
Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on adolescent girls attending Paediatric OPD and ward of Adichunchanagiri institute of medical sciences and research centre, B. G. Nagara from November 2019 to November 2020. A total of 374 adolescent girls (10-17 years) were enrolled. Clinical examination was done after recording their weight and height. Body Mass Index was computed.
Results: Mean age of the study participants was 13.05 years, and majority of them were from low socioeconomic status. Around 41.2% of the fathers had semi-skilled jobs, and 19.3% of the mothers had clerical jobs, shop owners, or farmers. About 71.1% of the adolescents attained menarche with a mean age of 13.2 ± 0.11 years. 62% had normal BMI, followed by 25.1% with underweight, overweight in 9.4%, and obese in 3.5% of the adolescents. Around 62% of the adolescents were normally nourished, and 38% were malnourished.
Conclusions: Socioeconomic status, occupation of mothers, family types and diet of the adolescents had a significant association with poor nutritional status. It is important to understand the need for evaluation of malnourished adolescent females and their causes to prevent chronic illness and death among them.
Thiamine deficiency in exclusive breastfed infants with encephalopathy attending Govind Ballabh Panth children hospital, Srinagar
Authors: Khan Younus Ramzan , Junaid Mehraj  , Kaiser Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Background: Thiamine deficiency (TD) has historically affected countries and populations consuming milled white rice. TD in infants can have an acute presentation of encephalopathy with shock with severe metabolic acidosis and death sometimes, if not promptly treated with an intravenous dose of thiamine. Aim was to study the biochemical deficiency of thiamine in exclusively breastfed infants presenting with encephalopathy and compare them with age-matched controls and to study their clinical course and short-term outcome (till discharge).
Methods: After dividing infants into four groups based on age in days: (31-60 days; 13 in cases and 8 in controls; 61-90; 4 in cases and 3 in controls; 91-120 days; 2 in cases and none in controls; and >120 days 4 each in cases and controls. This study primarily included the selection of case/control subjects. Two case-control analyses were conducted. In the first one, blood thiamine levels were compared between infants with encephalopathy and without encephalopathy. In the second one, breast milk thiamine levels were compared between infants with encephalopathy and without encephalopathy. Student's independent t test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Out of 38 infants, 23 had presented with encephalopathy, and 15 were healthy taken as controls. The mean blood levels of thiamine in infants with encephalopathy in cases were 17.29 nmol/l with a standard deviation of 8.86: the levels ranged between 13.47 and 21.13. The mean value of controls was 51.31, with a standard deviation of 25.52 ranging between 23.25 and 124.7. The p<0.001 and was considered statistically significant. The ROC analysis of the data obtained from thiamine levels obtained in the study 'patient's blood compared with the control group.
Conclusions: TD can be clinically and biochemically attributed to presentation of infants with acute encephalopathy.
Figaro crowns- brings a smile or a frown?
Authors: Das Anushka , Neeraja R.  , Ila Srinivasan  , Yuthi Milit
Published: March 2023

Initially, the treatment option for grossly decayed teeth was extraction, but due to advancements in paediatric dentistry, it has now shifted to restoration. Earlier, only full-coverage stainless steel crowns were in use, but they have a disadvantage for aesthetic restorations. Following this many crowns have been introduced into paediatric dentistry to preserve the tooth for function and aesthetics. Investigators have argued that certain restorations are superior to others, yet the hunt for the ideal aesthetic restoration goes on. This case series aims to check the efficacy, aesthetics and ease of placement of the newly introduced Figaro crowns. This case series reports 4 cases in which Figaro Crowns were used for aesthetic full coronal restorations in children aged between 3- 6 years. Figaro crowns are time efficient, advantageous in uncooperative placement and can be done with minimal tooth structure reduction. Figaro crowns appear to be the alternative to zirconia crowns and strip crowns as they have superior aesthetics and minimal reduction of tooth structure, making them more time-saving compared to zirconia crowns.
A case report of a pediatric patient with Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Ajay Kumar  , Agarwal L. D. , Rajveer Singh  , Abhishek Kumar Gupta  , Hritika  , Priyanka Kumari  , Hussain Md Sadique
Published: March 2023

The objective is to describe an uncommon case of Hirschsprung's disease (HD), also called congenital megacolon. The lack of neuronal ganglion cells from the submucosal and muscular nerve plexuses throughout a segment of varied length characterizes HD. Approx 94% of HD cases are diagnosed below the age of 5 years. A 3 years old male patient was admitted to the male surgery ward under a pediatric surgeon with the chief complaints of chronic constipation since birth with a history of delayed passage of meconium. The patient was diagnosed with a case of HD at the age of 1 year for which he was operated on colostomy was performed with multiple biopsies from narrowed rectosigmoid, from the transitional zone, and from colostomy stoma which confirmed the decision to make colostomy at the ganglionated segment of the colon based on the clinical picture during surgery. Biopsy report of narrowed rectosigmoid segment showed the absence of ganglion cells, while colostomy stoma and dilated proximal colon showed the presence of ganglion cells. The patient underwent a surgical procedure named pull-through surgery for HD, a martin's modification of the Duhamel operation.
A case report on anti-epileptic drugs associated cerebral palsy and rickets
Authors: Behera Sunil K. , Amaravadi Divya , Suman Gurnoor , Hala N. Shri , Shreya Arvini
Published: March 2023

Seizures are incredibly widespread all around the world, today. A seizure is often described as a transient alteration in the electrical activity of the brain. This required the treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The majority of AEDs lower vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is found to be crucial for intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate which helps to build and mineralize bones. Vitamin D deficiency has been seen to be a causative reason for cerebral palsy which is a neurological illness that affects movement and muscle coordination, permanently. It has been observed to manifest in infancy or early childhood due to vitamin D deficiency due to long term use of AEDs making it severe due to malnourishment. This case reports the use of antiepileptic drugs leading to cerebral palsy due to vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, by this case report we want to alert the readers and healthcare professionals about the possible adverse effects of AEDs and to be aware of them.
Effect of various crown-root angles on the resultant stress on the root and periodontal ligament of a maxillary central incisor-A three dimensional finite element study
Authors: Rao Sushmita Batni , Shetty Vikram , Manasawala Taher , Mujumdar Devashree
Published: March 2023

To evaluate and compare the resultant stress on the root and PDL of a Maxillary Central Incisor with various crown-root angles. Settings and Sample Population: Finite Element Models of Maxillary Central Incisor were used for simulation of stress on the root and PDL.

Three FEM models of a Maxillary Central Incisor with different crown-root angles (170˚, 175˚ and 180˚) were constructed and subjected to a force of 2N respectively. The resultant stress generated in the periodontal ligament and root surface were recorded and compared between the models.

: The model with the maximum change in crown-root angle (180˚) showed the maximum stress in both PDL and root surface. The stress recorded on the root surface was more on the cervical 2/3rd in the palatal region of the tooth as compared to the labial region. Maximum stress in the PDL was seen only in the cervical 3rd of the third model.

With increase in the crown-root angles of a tooth, the stress in the PDL and on the root surface increases.
Comparative evaluation of glycolic acid and salicylic acid peels followed by PRP for treatment of hyperpigmentation-A split face study
Authors: Singh Anjali , Arora Lavisha , Tyagi Karan , Chandra Joohi , Malhotra Sumit , Jain Anshi , Sekhar Vidhya
Published: March 2023

Hyperpigmentation is a medical term used to describe darker patches of skin from excess melanin production. This can be caused by everything from acne scars and sun damage to hormone fluctuations. The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as transexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride. Despite the availability of multiple treatments for the condition, hyperpigmentation continues to present clinical management challenges for dermatologists. The study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy, to compare the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of glycolic acid peels and salicylic acid peels for hyperpigmentation treatment.

200 patients were selected and graded on Fitzpatrick scale. A split face peel on right side by Glycolic Acid and left side by Salicylic Acid was done and procedure was repeated after 2 week and then third sitting of PRP was done. Patients were scaled on Fitzpatrick scale at baseline and after 3 sitting (PRP).

Salicylic recorded a mean value of 3.10 at baseline while glycolic acid recorded 2.92 at baseline. After 3 sitting Salicylic Acid recorded a mean reduction value of 0.29 while that of Glycolic Acid mean reduction value was 0.71and this was stastically significant reduction.

Patients with Salicylic Acid peels showed significantly better response than Glycolic Acid peels.
Cephalometric evaluation of vermillion height and lip area following 1st premolar extraction in various sagittal malocclusions in adult Solan population
Authors: Dadhwal Sahira , Aggarwal Isha , Mittal Sanjay , Goyal Merry , Avasthi Avijit
Published: March 2023

Vertical thickness of the upper lip is an aesthetic determinant in a smiling face for both orthodontists.

: To evaluate the vermillion height and lip area in adult patients with various sagittal malocclusion groups following 1 premolar extraction.

Pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms of 50 adult patients aged between 17 to 21 years were taken. The sample was divided into 2 groups: Group I (Angles Class I Bidental protrusion) & Group II (Angles Class II div 1) with 25 subjects in each group. 2 angular and 10 linear measurments were recorded for both the groups.

There were no significant differences in the vermilion height and upper lip area changes in group I, except for lower lip area. In group II significant difference were found in upper and lower lip area. When Group I and Group II were compared, only significant difference was found in lower lip area whereas vermillion height and upper lip area were found to be clinically non-significant.

Extraction of four premolars can be extremely successful in improving features of the smile for the patients who have undergone treatment for Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I Bidental protrusion. This provides a stronger evidence-based rationale for this treatment modality.