bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visioning studies in emergency health care to support R&D of new technologies
Authors: Sonnenwald Diane H.
Published: June 2013

Editor's Summary

Given the risk and cost of proposed but unproven technologies, a method to project likely outcomes offers great value. Visioning studies deliver that opportunity by enabling potential users and other stakeholders the chance to explore new technologies. Goals include validating benefits, exposing unanticipated consequences, discovering hurdles to deployment and revealing considerations for funding. A visioning study was used to investigate 3D telepresence technology in emergency health care, enabling paramedics to work on a simulated trauma victim along with a remote physician. In another phase of the study, three groups of stakeholders viewed a brief video on the proposed technology and were interviewed to understand their thoughts on advantages, obstacles and potential fit. Through the visioning study, researchers were able to explore implementation of the technology and experience its potential benefits and challenges in a realistic test mode. Knowledge gained through visioning can lead to better‐informed decisions and more effective use of limited resources.
‘What's Going On’ to Safeguard Children and Young People from Child Sexual Exploitation: A Review of Local Safeguarding Children Boards’ Work to Protect Children from Sexual Exploitation
Authors: Pearce Jenny J.
Published: June 2013

This article draws on findings from research into the implementation by local safeguarding children boards (local government multi‐agency panels responsible for child protection in England) of national guidance on safeguarding children from child sexual exploitation (CSE). Despite there being some excellent examples of practice, a lack of awareness of the issues faced by sexually exploited children or a lack of resources to address them meant that only a quarter were implementing the dual aim of the guidance: protecting children and prosecuting abusers. The research developed a data monitoring tool, its use showing that children experiencing CSE had multiple problems, many already receiving support from a range of service providers for other related problems. This suggests that there might be scope for better early identification and prevention of CSE. The research showed new forms of CSE, including peer‐on‐peer sexual exploitation, raising important questions about engaging with children who were both perpetrators and victims of abuse. Finally, research findings identified methods of disrupting and prosecuting abusers, giving insight into some of the complexities involved in achieving both. In the main, safeguarding children was best facilitated through co‐located multi‐agency teams where child protection and law enforcement practitioners worked together. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘There might be scope for better early identification and prevention of CSE’

Key Practitioner Messages:

Local safeguarding children boards have a key responsibility to protect children from sexual exploitation and disrupt and prosecute abusers.

Sexually exploited children experience a range of different problems, and are often known to service providers who need better training to respond to the abuse.

Exploitation is changing, including peer‐on‐peer sexual violence.

Protection can be achieved through co‐located multi‐agency teams supported by direct service provision to young people.
Development of Mesoscopically Assembled Sulfated Zirconia Nanoparticles as Promising Heterogeneous and Recyclable Biodiesel Catalysts
Authors: Das Swapan K. , El‐Safty Sherif A.
Published: June 2013

The nanoassembly of nearly monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs) as uniform building blocks to engineer zirconia (ZrO2) nanostructures with mesoscopic ordering by using a template as a fastening agent was explored. The mesophase of the materials was investigated through powder X‐ray diffraction and TEM analysis (TEM) and N2 sorption studies. The TEM results revealed that the mesopores were created by the arrangement of ZrO2 NPs with sizes of 7.0–9.0 nm and with broad interparticle pores. Moreover, the N2 sorption study confirmed the results. The surface chemical analysis was performed to estimate the distribution of Zr, O, and S in the sulfated ZrO2 matrices. The materials in this study displayed excellent catalytic activity in the biodiesel reaction for effective conversion of long‐chain fatty acids to their methyl esters, and the maximum biodiesel yield was approximately 100 %. The excellent heterogeneous catalytic activity could be attributed to the open framework, large surface area, presence of ample acidic sites located at the surface of the matrix, and high structural stability of the materials. The catalysts revealed a negligible loss of activity in the catalytic recycles.
Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Ullmann Reaction of Aryl Bromides with Imidazoles in Water Promoted by a pH‐Responsive Ligand
Authors: Lv Rui , Wang Yangxin , Zhou Chunshan , Li Liuyi , Wang Ruihu
Published: June 2013

A series of 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives were used as supporting ligands for copper‐catalyzed Ullmann reaction in neat water. The catalytic system based on 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline has demonstrated the promising catalytic performances for aryl bromides. The catalytic system was applicable to a wide scope of substrates, high catalytic activity and selectivity were observed for the reactions of electron‐deficient, electron‐rich, and heterocyclic aryl bromides with imidazoles containing different steric hindrance. The superior promoting effect of 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline is attributed to its water solubility under the basic conditions.
Highly Active Catalysts for the Transfer Dehydrogenation of Alkanes: Synthesis and Application of Novel 7–6–7 Ring‐Based Pincer Iridium Complexes
Authors: Shi Yuan , Suguri Takuya , Dohi Chisato , Yamada Hirotsuna , Kojima Satoshi , Yamamoto Yohsuke
Published: June 2013

A series of Ir–PCP pincer precatalysts [(7–6–7‐RPCP)Ir(H)(Cl)] and [(7–6–7‐ArPCP)Ir(H)(Cl)(MeCN)] bearing a novel “7–6–7” fused‐ring skeleton have been synthesized based upon the postulate that the catalytic species would have durability due to their rather rigid structure and high activity owing to the low but sufficient flexibility of their backbones, which are not completely fixed. Treatment of these precatalysts with NaOtBu gave rise to the active 14 electron (14e) species [(7–6–7‐iPrPCP)Ir] and [(7–6–7‐PhPCP)Ir], which can trap hydrogen and were spectroscopically characterized as the tetrahydride complexes. Both [(7–6–7‐iPrPCP)Ir] and [(7–6–7‐PhPCP)Ir] were found to be highly effective in the transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane with tert‐butylethylene as the hydrogen acceptor, the initial reaction rate at high temperature (230 °C) being higher for [(7–6–7‐iPrPCP)Ir] than [(7–6–7‐PhPCP)Ir], and the turnover number (TON) of the overall hydrogen transfer being higher for the latter. Nonetheless, the estimated TONs were as high as 4600 and 4820 for the two complexes at this temperature, respectively, which are unprecedented absolute values. In terms of durability, the [(7–6–7‐PhPCP)Ir] complex is the catalyst of choice for this reaction. Structural analysis and computational studies support the importance of the low flexibility of the ligand core.
Investigation of Electron Behavior in Nano‐TiO2 Photocatalysis by Using In Situ Open‐Circuit Voltage and Photoconductivity Measurements
Authors: Liu Baoshun , Wang Xuelei , Wen Liping , Zhao Xiujian
Published: June 2013

The in situ open‐circuit voltages (Voc) and the in situ photoconductivities have been measured to study electron behavior in photocatalysis and its effect on the photocatalytic oxidation of methanol. It was observed that electron injection to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2 under light illumination during photocatalysis includes two sources: from the valence band (VB) of TiO2 and from the methanol molecule. The electron injection from methanol to TiO2 is slower than that directly from the VB, which indicates that the adsorption mode of methanol on the TiO2 surface can change between dark and illuminated states. The electron injection from methanol to the CB of TiO2 leads to the upshift of the Fermi level of electrons in TiO2, which is the thermodynamic driving force of photocatalytic oxidation. It was also found that the charge state of nano‐TiO2 is continuously changing during photocatalysis as electrons are injected from methanol to TiO2. Combined with the apparent Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model, the relation between photocatalytic kinetics and electrons in the TiO2 CB was developed and verified experimentally. The photocatalytic rate constant is the variation of the Fermi level with time, based on which a new method was developed to calculate the photocatalytic kinetic rate constant by monitoring the change of Voc with time during photocatalysis.
Forced Bonding and QTAIM Deficiencies: A Case Study of the Nature of Interactions in He@Adamantane and the Origin of the High Metastability
Authors: Dem'yanov Piotr I. , Polestshuk Pavel M.
Published: June 2013

Calculations within the framework of the interacting quantum atoms (IQA) approach have shown that the interactions of the helium atom with both tertiary,tC, and secondary,sC, carbon atoms in the metastable He@adamantane (He@adam) endohedral complex are bonding in nature, whereas the earlier study performed within the framework of Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) revealed that only He⋅⋅⋅tC interactions are bonding. The He⋅⋅⋅tC and He⋅⋅⋅sC bonding interactions are shown to be forced by the high pressure that the helium and carbon atoms exert upon each other in He@adam. The occurrence of a bonding interaction between the helium andsC atoms, which are not linked by a bond path, clearly shows that the lack of a bond path between two atoms does not necessarily indicate the lack of a bonding interaction, as is asserted by QTAIM. IQA calculations showed that not only the destabilization of the adamantane cage, but also a huge internal destabilization of the helium atom, contribute to the metastability of He@adam, these contributions being roughly equal. This result disproves previous opinions based on QTAIM analysis that only the destabilization of the adamantane cage accounts for the endothermicity of He@adam. Also, it was found that there is no homeomorphism of theρ(r) and ‐v(r) fields of He@adam. Comparison of the IQA and QTAIM results on the interactions in He@adam exposes other deficiencies of the QTAIM approach. The reasons for the deficiencies in the QTAIM approach are analyzed.
Oxidation‐Triggered Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Savka Roman , Foro Sabine , Gallei Markus , Rehahn Matthias , Plenio Herbert
Published: June 2013

Eight new N‐Hoveyda‐type complexes were synthesized in yields of 67–92 % through reaction of [RuCl2(NHC)(Ind)(py)] (NHC=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenylimidazolin)‐2‐ylidene (SIMes) or 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimidazolin)‐2‐ylidene (SIPr), Ind=3‐phenylindenylid‐1‐ene, py=pyridine) with various 1‐ or 1,2‐substituted ferrocene compounds with vinyl and amine or imine substituents. The redox potentials of the respective complexes were determined; in all complexes an iron‐centered oxidation reaction occurs at potentials close to E=+0.5 V. The crystal structures of the reduced and of the respective oxidized Hoveyda‐type complexes were determined and show that the oxidation of the ferrocene unit has little effect on the ruthenium environment. Two of the eight new complexes were found to be switchable catalysts, in that the reduced form is inactive in the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cis‐cyclooctene (COE), whereas the oxidized complexes produce polyCOE. The other complexes are not switchable catalysts and are either inactive or active in both reduced and oxidized states.
Ruthenium‐Containing Phosphinesulfonate Chelate for the Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones
Authors: Jiang Fan , Yuan Kedong , Achard Mathieu , Bruneau Christian
Published: June 2013

Various ruthenium(II) complexes that contain phosphinesulfonate chelate have been synthesized. Arene‐free complexes were found to be efficient in the base‐free hydrogenation of various aryl ketones, whereas the arene‐containing precatalysts required the presence of an amine as an additive. The seminal asymmetric hydrogenation reaction by using the new Sulfo‐Binepine ligand was also investigated for the possible intervention of a dihydride species.
ChemInform Abstract: DFT Study of Uranyl Peroxo Complexes with H2O, F‐, OH‐, CO32‐, and NO3‐.
Authors: Odoh Samuel O. , Schreckenbach Georg
Published: June 2013

Structural and electronic properties of various uranyl peroxo complexes are examined using scalar relativistic DFT calculations considering only complexes in which the peroxo ligands are coordinated to the uranyl moiety in a bidentate mode.
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure‐Induced Transformations in PrVO4 and SmVO4 and Isolation of High‐Pressure Metastable Phases.
Authors: Errandonea Daniel , Achary S. Nagabhusan , Pellicer‐Porres Julio , Tyagi Avesh K.
Published: June 2013

High‐pressure phases of PrVO4 and SmVO4 are synthesized from the zircon‐structured compounds at 12 GPa and room temperature (24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Ca4SiN4 and New Polymorph of Ca5Si2N6.
Authors: Yamane Hisanori , Morito Haruhiko
Published: June 2013

Single crystals of Ca4SiN4 are obtained from mixtures of Ba, Ca, Si, NaN3, and Na (BN crucible, 900 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Detection of the Elusive Highly Charged Zintl Ions Si44‐ and Sn44‐ in Liquid Ammonia by NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: Neumeier Maria , Fendt Franziska , Gaertner Stefanie , Koch Carina , Gaertner Tobias , Korber Nikolaus , Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: June 2013

Dissolution of Rb4Sn4 in liquid ammonia and dissolution of K6Rb6Si17 in liquid ammonia in the presence of [2.2.2]‐cryptand leads to the formation of charged Zintl ions Sn44‐ and Si44‐, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Characterization, and Optical Properties of the Aluminosilicate Li2Na3AlSi2O8.
Authors: Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Wang Ying , Zhang Bingbing , Zhang Min , Huang Zhenjun , Dong Lingyun , Yu Hongwei
Published: June 2013

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared from a mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, Al2O3, SiO2, and H3BO3 in a molar ratio of 4:3:1:4:1 (Pt crucible, 780 °C, 30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Zn2(VO4)(IO3): A Novel Polar Zinc(II) Vanadium(V) Iodate with a Large SHG Response.
Authors: Yang Bing‐Ping , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Huang Chao , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: June 2013

Single crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of V2O5, Zn(OAc)2, and I2O5 (autoclave, 190 °C, 3 d, 81% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Soluble Phosphorus‐Centered Keggin Polyoxoniobate with Bicapping Vanadyl Groups.
Authors: Son Jung‐Ho , Ohlin C. Andre , Johnson Rene L. , Yu Ping , Casey William H.
Published: June 2013

(NMe4)9 [PV2Nb12O42]·19H2O is synthesized from an aqueous mixture of Nb2O5, Me4NOH, V2O5, and H3PO4 (autoclave, 130 °C, 16 h, 35% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Emission, Raman Spectroscopy, and Structural Characterization of Actinide Tetracyanometallates.
Authors: Maynard Branson A. , Lynn K. Sabrina , Sykora Richard E. , Gorden Anne E. V.
Published: June 2013

The structures of (III) (triclinic, space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 1), (VI) (P$\bar 1$, Z = 1) and (IX) (monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 2) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosylation of Hexafluoridotechnetate(IV).
Authors: Balasekaran Samundeeswari Mariappan , Molski Matthias , Hagenbach Adelheid , Abram Ulrich
Published: June 2013

[Tc(NO)(NH3)4F]4[TcF6] [HF2]2 is obtained in almost quantitative yield by reaction of K2[TcF6] with acetohydroxamic acid (Ac‐NH‐OH) in aqueous HF solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Meso‐Helical Chain Based on Lindqvist Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Jing , Fang Rui , Yu Yan , Pang Hai‐Jun , Ma Hui‐Yuan , Cui De‐Sheng , Li Dong‐Ping
Published: June 2013

The new compound [Cu(bipy)2][W6O19] is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of Na2WO4, Cu(NO3)2, bipy, oxalic acid, and MeOH (autoclave, pH 1.7, 160 °C, 5 d, 31% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective [4 + 3] Cycloaddition Towards Fused 5,7,6‐Tricyclic Skeletons.
Authors: Gong Wanchun , Liu Yun , Zhang Jie , Jiao Yingdong , Xue Jijun , Li Ying
Published: June 2013

A new triflate‐ or ZnCl2‐promoted cycloaddition reaction of different substituted heterocyclic alcohols with conjugated dienes is shown (15 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl‐ and Vinylboronic Acids with Generation of CF3‐Radicals.
Authors: Li Yang , Wu Lipeng , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2013

The title reaction uses less expensive and stable Langlois reagent, CF3SO2Na, as the CF3 source and relies both on transition metal catalysis and selective radical reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Basic Ionic Liquid as an Efficient and Facile Catalyst for Acetylation of Alcohols, Phenols, and Amines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ji Li , Qian Chao , Chen Xin‐zhi
Published: June 2013

The ionic liquid can easily be recovered and used to catalyze further acetylation reactions with excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Octaalkyl‐Substituted and Decasubstituted all‐cis‐Octatetraenes via Linear Dimerization of 1,4‐Dicopper‐1,3‐butadienes and Subsequent Cross‐Coupling with Halides.
Authors: Wei Junnian , Wang Zitao , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: June 2013

Lithium iodide‐assisted linear dimerization of in situ formed 1,4‐dicopper‐1,3‐butadienes followed by hydrolysis affords all‐cis octatetraene derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Bifunctional Catalytic, Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Enantioselective Cascade Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Jiang Xianxing , Zhu Hao , Shi Xiaomei , Zhong Yuan , Li Yanfeng , Wang Rui
Published: June 2013

The title reaction affords the corresponding Diels—Alder products in high yields and with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Anion Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Applied to the Direct Enantioselective Fluorinative Dearomatization of Phenols.
Authors: Phipps Robert J. , Toste F. Dean
Published: June 2013

This reaction yields quaternary fluorine‐substituted stereocenters with good enantioselectivities, which are interesting building blocks for synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Selective Allylation of Azo Compounds Using Allylic Barium Reagents.
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Jitsukawa Takuya , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: June 2013

The organobarium reagents are prepared in situ from reactive Riecke barium and allylic halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Preparation of New N,N‐Dialkyl‐2‐amino‐1,1,2‐triphenylethanol Catalysts and a Kinetic Resolution in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Flavene‐3‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: Kang Seock Yong , Baek Jinho , Ko Yi Kyung , Im Chan , Park Yong Sun
Published: June 2013

The novel catalysts (I) and (II) are prepared and derivative (Ia) is found to be the most efficient one for the addition of ZnEt2 to aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Oxidation of Organic Halides with N‐Methylmorpholine N‐Oxide in an Ionic Liquid under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Khumraksa Bannarak , Phakhodee Wong , Pattarawarapan Mookda
Published: June 2013

Benzylic halides and primary alkyl bromides are readily converted into the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Iodoketals from Methyl Ketones via Sustainable and Orthogonal Tandem Catalysis.
Authors: Yang Yan , Gao Meng , Shu Wen‐Ming , Wu Liu‐Ming , Zhang Dong‐Xue , Wu An‐Xin
Published: June 2013

The efficient synthesis of α‐iodo ketals (III) and (V) from diones (I) or aryl methyl ketones (IV), resp., via successive tandem catalysis of CuO and iodine in ethylen glycol is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aminocyanation and Diamination of Alkenes.
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Pu Weiya , Xiong Tao , Li Yan , Zhou Xue , Sun Kai , Liu Qun , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2013

It is assumed that the interaction between TmsCN or PhB(OH)2 and fluoride plays an important role for the efficient aminocyanation reaction and diamination, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Photoredox Catalysis of Radical Thiol‐Ene Reactions.
Authors: Tyson Elizabeth L. , Ament Michael S. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: June 2013

An anti‐Markovnikov hydrothiolation of olefins using a visible‐light‐absorbing transition metal photocatalyst is described with a variety of thiols and olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Propiolic Acids with Boronic Acids.
Authors: Shi Leilei , Jia Wei , Li Xun , Jiao Ning
Published: June 2013

Inexpensive CuCl2 can be used in the process to prepare various unsymmetrical alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Epoxides Having a Tetrasubstituted Trifluoromethylated Carbon Center: Methylhydrazine‐Induced Aerobic Epoxidation of β,β‐Disubstituted Enones.
Authors: Kawai Hiroyuki , Okusu Satoshi , Yuan Zhe , Tokunaga Etsuko , Yamano Akihito , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: June 2013

For the first time the asymmetric title epoxidation is disclosed by discovery of an aerobic organocatalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C—H Activation/C—O Bond Formation: Synthesis of Chiral Benzofuranones.
Authors: Cheng Xiu‐Fen , Li Yan , Su Yi‐Ming , Yin Feng , Wang Jian‐Yong , Sheng Jie , Vora Harit U. , Wang Xi‐Sheng , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: June 2013

This reaction yields chiral benzofuranones via desymmetrization from prochiral α,α‐diaryl acids by employing N‐protected amino acids as chiral ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 2,2,2‐Trichloro‐1‐arylethanones by RMgX: Mechanistic Investigation and the Synthesis of Substituted α,α‐Dichloroketones.
Authors: Essa Ali H. , Lerrick Reinner I. , Tuna Floriana , Harrington Ross W. , Clegg William , Hall Michael J.
Published: June 2013

Title compounds (I) and (III) undergo high yielding reductions to the corresponding 2,2‐dichloro‐1‐aryl‐ethanones (II) and (IV) in the presence of Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Derivatives via a One‐Pot Nitro‐Mannich/Hydroamination Cascade Using Base and Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Duris Andrej , Barber David M. , Sanganee Hitesh J. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: June 2013

A diastereoselective one‐pot nitro‐Mannich/hydroamination cascade to substituted pyrrolidines bearing three stereocenters is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetracyclic Indoline and Indolenine Derivatives Having β‐Lactam Using Amphiphilic Reactivity of 2‐Methylindolenine.
Authors: Nakazaki Atsuo , Hara Yukari , Kajii Shigeo , Nishikawa Toshio
Published: June 2013

The results of the synthesis to the novel title compounds can also contribute to the synthesis of chartelline marine alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Powerful Aluminum Catalyst for the Synthesis of Highly Functional Organic Carbonates.
Authors: Whiteoak Christopher J. , Kielland Nicola , Laserna Victor , Escudero‐Adan Eduardo C. , Martin Eddy , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: June 2013

This reaction has TOFs as high as 36,000 h‐1 and TONs exceeding 100,000.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylogous Reactivity of Enol Diazoacetates with Donor—Acceptor Substituted Hydrazones. Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Zavalij Peter Y. , Hu Wenhao , Doyle Michael P.
Published: June 2013

The Rh‐catalyzed title reaction followed by Lewis acid‐mediated cyclization allows an efficient and regiospecific access to polysubstituted pyrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Hydrazonoyl Halides with Bis‐Enaminones: A Convenient Route for Synthesis of Novel Polyaza‐Terheterocycles.
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S. , Haboub Adel J. M.
Published: June 2013

New bis‐enaminones [(III) and (IX)] are synthesized starting from pyrazoles (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Theoretical Approach Towards Spirothiazolidinone Systems.
Authors: George Johnson , Singh Saurabh , Joshi Rahul , Pardasani Pushpa , Pardasani Ramchand T.
Published: June 2013

A convenient route for the synthesis of spirothiazolidinones (V) via nucleophilic cyclocondensation of imines (III) with mercaptoacetic acid is given.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Self‐Sequence Reaction Network Involving a Set of Six Reactions in One Pot: The Synthesis of Substituted Benzothiazoles from Aromatic Ketones and Anilines.
Authors: Xue Wei‐Jian , Guo Ya‐Qiong , Gao Fang‐Fang , Li Hong‐Zheng , Wu An‐Xin
Published: June 2013

Reaction of simple and readily available aromatic ketones and anilines as starting materials results in the construction of 2‐acylbenzothiazoles via a novel self‐sequence reaction network which assembles six reactions in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Biocatalysis and Click Chemistry: One‐Pot Two‐Step Convergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Derived Diols.
Authors: Cuetos Anibal , Bisogno Fabricio R. , Lavandera Ivan , Gotor Vicente
Published: June 2013

A one‐pot synthesis of different enantiopure 1,2,3‐triazole‐derived diols (III) and (V) in high yields and excellent enantio‐ and stereoselectivities is achieved under mild conditions in aqueous medium by combining a single alcohol dehydrogenase with a Cu‐catalyzed “Click”‐reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Methodology for the in situ Oxidation of 4‐Substituted Urazoles. Setting up a One‐Pot Procedure for the Efficient Protection of Dienes.
Authors: Fernandez‐Herrera Maria A. , Sandoval‐Ramirez Jesus , Montiel‐Smith Sara , Meza‐Reyes Socorro
Published: June 2013

The in situ formed 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐diones, which are versatile reagents in various organic reactions, can be trapped in a Diels—Alder reaction with appropriate dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Construction of Furo[3,2‐c]pyran‐4‐one Derivatives by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Propargylic Carbonates with 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrones.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Nakagawa Tomomi , Kinoshita Kouki , Shishido Kozo
Published: June 2013

The Pd‐catalyzed coupling of propargylic carbonates with 4‐hydroxypyrones results in a new, regioselective formation of 2‐substituted furopyranones of type (III) or 3‐alkylidene‐functionalized furopyranones like (V), depending on the temperature used.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 2‐Alkyl Triazole‐3‐alkyl Substituted Quinoline Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Rao P. Sambasiva , Kurumurthy C. , Veeraswamy B. , Kumar G. Santhosh , Rao P. Shanthan , Pamanji R. , Rao J. Venkateswara , Narsaiah B.
Published: June 2013

Most of the novel quinoline derivatives (III) (15 examples) show significant cytotoxicity on human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanidine‐Catalyzed Triple Functionalization of γ‐Substituted Allenoates with Aldehydes by a Four‐Step Reaction Cascade.
Authors: Selig Philipp , Turockin Aleksej , Raven William
Published: June 2013

The novel and simple title reaction affords functionalized 1,3‐dioxane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2 + 1]‐Annulation of Azomethine Imines with Two Molecules of a Diazo Ketone
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Xu Xichen , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: June 2013

as a route for the highly diastereoselective synthesis of multi‐functionalized bicyclic pyrazolidinone derivatives (III) (11 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine Mediated S—N and C—N Cross‐Coupling and Oxidative Aromatization of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐thiones with Secondary Amines.
Authors: Quan Zheng‐Jun , Lv Ying , Wang Zhong‐Jie , Zhang Zhang , Da Yu‐Xia , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: June 2013

Depending on the solvent and reaction temperature, thiones (I) react with amines (II) to yield the functionalized pyrimidine systems (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2‐Cyclopropyl[1,8]naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic Acid (4‐Phenyl‐2‐thioxo‐thiazol‐3‐yl)‐amides, [1,3,5]Triazine, [1,3,4]Thiadiazole‐2‐thiol, [1,2,4]Triazole‐3‐thiol and Coumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Narender A. , Chary M. Thirumala , Laxminarayana E. , Haripriya V.
Published: June 2013

All the compounds synthesized are found to possess moderate to good antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Heterocyclic Ring Systems: Imidazo[4′,5′:3,4]pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and Imidazo[4,5‐f][3]benzazecines.
Authors: Otto Robert , Enzensperger Christoph , Lehmann Jochen
Published: June 2013

The two novel title compounds (IV) and (IX) are synthesized starting from histamine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Perfluoroalkyl Phosphine Ligands: Photoinduced Reaction of Diphosphines with Perfluoroalkyl Iodides.
Authors: Kawaguchi Shin‐ichi , Minamida Yoshiaki , Ohe Takashi , Nomoto Akihiro , Sonoda Motohiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: June 2013

Newly synthesized perfluoroalkylated phosphine ligands are used in several palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions shown for (Va).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonated Bicycles Bearing a N‐N Junction.
Authors: Villemin Elise , Herent Marie‐France , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline
Published: June 2013

Diels—Alder reactions between the diene (I) and dienophiles (II) and (IV) give access to phosphonated bicyclic adducts bearing a N—N junction.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Novel Friedelane Triterpenes with Antimicrobial Activity from the Stems of Celastrus monospermus.
Authors: Xie Haiping , Chen Mingxiang , Wang Dingyong , Xu Runlin
Published: June 2013

Three novel triterpenes, monospermonal (Ia), monospermonol (Ib) and monospermondiol (II) are isolated together with six known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis and anti‐Protozoal Activity of the 8,4′‐Oxyneolignans Virolin, Surinamensin and Analogues.
Authors: Rye Claire E. , Barker David
Published: June 2013

Enantioselective syntheses of the two natural 8,4‐oxyneolignans, virolin (VIIIb) and surinamensin (VIIIc), along with a range of analogues using chiral aldehyde (II) as key intermediate are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanometric Solid Solutions of the Fluorite and Perovskite Type Crystal Structures: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Boskovic Snezana , Zec Slavica , Matovic Branko , Dohcevic‐Mitrovic Zorana , Popovic Zoran , Zinkenvich Matvei , Aldinger Fritz , Krstic Vladimir
Published: June 2013

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Understanding of the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes in Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Jourdain Vincent , Bichara Christophe
Published: June 2013

Review: 421 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Protocols for the Synthesis of Stable Ag and Au Nanocluster Molecules
Authors: Udayabhaskararao T. , Pradeep T.
Published: June 2013

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Micro‐Mesoporous Materials Obtained by Zeolite Recrystallization: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Ivanova Irina I. , Knyazeva Elena E.
Published: June 2013

Review: tutorial review; 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporosity — A New Dimension for Zeolites
Authors: Moeller Karin , Bein Thomas
Published: June 2013

Review: synthetic strategies to mesoporous zeolites; 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Surfactant Templated Mesoporous Silicas (AMSs)
Authors: Han Lu , Che Shunai
Published: June 2013

Review: tutorial review; 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Materials for Antihydrogen Production
Authors: Consolati Giovanni , Ferragut Rafael , Galarneau Anne , Di Renzo Francesco , Quasso Fiorenza
Published: June 2013

Review: tutorial reviews; 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical Porous Materials: Catalytic Applications
Authors: Parlett Christopher M. A. , Wilson Karen , Lee Adam F.
Published: June 2013

Review: 183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry: The Scientific Legacy of Alfred Werner
Authors: Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: June 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pyridyl Group in Ligand Design for Selective Metal Ion Complexation and Sensing
Authors: Hancock Robert D.
Published: June 2013

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Recognition by Coordinative Interactions: Metal—Amine Complexes as Receptors
Authors: Fabbrizzi Luigi , Poggi Antonio
Published: June 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis Using Multifunctional Organosiliceous Hybrid Materials
Authors: Diaz Urbano , Brunel Daniel , Corma Avelino
Published: June 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxypipecolic Acids
Authors: Cochi Anne , Gomez Pardo Domingo , Cossy Janine
Published: June 2013

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Trends in Bismuth‐Catalyzed Synthetic Transformations
Authors: Ollevier Thierry
Published: June 2013

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzo[1,5]thiazepine. Synthesis, Reactions, Spectroscopy, and Applications
Authors: El‐Bayouki Khairy A. M.
Published: June 2013

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Flexible Chiral Hypervalent Organoiodine Catalysts for Enantioselective Oxidative Transformations
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: June 2013

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides
Authors: O'Mahony Graham E. , Ford Alan , Maguire Anita R.
Published: June 2013

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalysis Mediated by α,α‐L‐Diaryl Prolinols: Recent Advances
Authors: Meninno Sara , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: June 2013

Review: [< 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Active Ligands in Catalysis
Authors: Luca Oana R. , Crabtree Robert H.
Published: June 2013

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Polymers with Non‐Canonical Nucleobases
Authors: Gillingham Dennis , Tishinov Kiril
Published: June 2013

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: What about the Five‐Membered Ring? Cyclopenta‐Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as a Building Block for Functional Materials
Authors: Plunkett Kyle N.
Published: June 2013

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: IUPAC‐NIST Solubility Data Series. Part 90. Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives in Binary and Ternary Systems. Part 2. Hydroxybenzoic Acids, Hydroxybenzoates, and Hydroxybenzoic Acid Salts in Nonaqueous Systems
Authors: Goto Ayako , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Salomon Mark , Goto Rensuke , Fukuda Hiroshi , Konigsberger Erich , Konigsberger Lan‐Chi , Scharlin Pirketta
Published: June 2013

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Based Molecules for Molecular Imaging in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Ribeiro Morais Goreti , Falconer Robert A. , Santos Isabel
Published: June 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Motifs for Halogen Bonding
Authors: Troff Ralf W. , Maekelae Toni , Topic Filip , Valkonen Arto , Raatikainen Kari , Rissanen Kari
Published: June 2013

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Methodologies in Organic Synthesis: Recent Developments in Our Laboratories
Authors: Hafez Ebtesam Abdul Aziz , Al‐Mousawi Saleh Mohammed , Moustafa Moustafa Sherief , Sadek Kmal Usef , Elnagdi Mohamed Hilmy
Published: June 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Magnetic MOFs
Authors: Coronado Eugenio , Minguez Espallargas Guillermo
Published: June 2013

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Metallogels
Authors: Tam Anthony Yiu‐Yan , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: June 2013

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Molecular Structure to Molecular Design Through the Molecular Descriptors Family Methodology
Authors: Bolboaca Sorana D. , Jantschi Lorentz
Published: June 2013

Review: 117 refs.
Emissions of Vehicle Paint Shops – Life Cycle Considerations of Thermal Afterburning in the Underbody Sealant
Authors: Gadiel Cynthie , Meininghaus Roman , Quoll Maja , Tsotsas Evangelos
Published: June 2013

Die in der Automobillackierung bei der Applikation des Unterbodenschutzes entstehende lösemittelhaltige Abluft wird meist mit erdgasbetriebenen thermischen Nachverbrennungsanlagen gereinigt. Anhand einer ökobilanziellen Betrachtung wird die Frage erörtert, ob die Reduzierung der Lösemittelemissionen durch Erdgas‐Verbrennung zu einer Verlagerung der Umweltauswirkungen führt. Anhand von Beispielen wird gezeigt, dass dies nicht der Fall ist, sondern die Reduzierung der Lösemittelemissionen ein positiver Nebeneffekt der für den Lackierprozess sowieso notwendigen Wärmeerzeugung ist. Die Methodik der Ökobilanzierung ist auf Teile einer Automobillackierung anwendbar.
Coupled Simulation of Thermal Stresses in Heat Treatment Furnaces
Authors: Lenz Wolfgang , Pfeifer Herbert
Published: June 2013

Schwebebandöfen werden für die Wärmebehandlung von Metallbändern eingesetzt, die zu empfindlich sind, um bei hohen Temperaturen mechanischem Oberflächenkontakt ausgesetzt zu werden. Eine Erhöhung der Prozesstemperatur ist oft ein unvermeidbarer Weg, um wachsenden Anforderungen bezüglich Produktivität und Energie‐ und Ressourceneffizienz nachzukommen. Viele konstruktive Maßnahmen für niedrige und mittlere Temperaturbereiche sind jedoch bei höheren Temperaturen ungeeignet. Zahlreiche thermische Effekte können von klassischen FEM‐Simulation nicht erfasst werden. Das vorliegende Paper stellt eine einfache Methode vor, um mittels gekoppelter numerischer Simulationen die Aussagegenauigkeit von Thermospannungsberechnungen im Auslegungsprozess von Hochtemperaturöfen zu erhöhen.
Characterization of the Stereochemical Structures of 2H‐Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine Compounds and Their Binding Affinities for Anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 Family Proteins
Authors: Xu Yaochun , Zhou Mi , Li Yan , Li Chengke , Zhang Zhengxi , Yu Biao , Wang Renxiao
Published: June 2013

In a previous study we reported a class of compounds with a 2H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine core structure as general inhibitors of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins. However, the absolute stereochemical configuration of one carbon atom on the core structure remained unsolved, and its potential impact on the binding affinities of compounds in this class was unknown. In this study, we obtained pure R and S enantiomers of four selected compounds by HPLC separation and chiral synthesis. The absolute configurations of these enantiomers were determined by comparing their circular dichroism spectra to that of an appropriate reference compound. In addition, a crystal structure of one selected compound revealed the exocyclic double bond in these compounds to be in the Z configuration. The binding affinities of all four pairs of enantiomers to Bcl‐xL, Bcl‐2, and Mcl‐1 proteins were measured in a fluorescence‐polarization‐based binding assay, yielding inhibition constants (Ki values) ranging from 0.24 to 2.20 μM. Interestingly, our results indicate that most R and S enantiomers exhibit similar binding affinities for the three tested proteins. A binding mode for this compound class was derived by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to provide a reasonable interpretation of this observation.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rose Bengal Analogues as SecA Inhibitors
Authors: Cui Jianmei , Jin Jinshan , Hsieh Ying‐Hsin , Yang Hsiuchin , Ke Bowen , Damera Krishna , Tai Phang C. , Wang Binghe
Published: June 2013

SecA, a key component of bacterial Sec‐dependent secretion pathway, is an attractive target for exploring novel antimicrobials. Rose bengal (RB), a polyhalogenated fluorescein derivative, was found from our previous study as a potent SecA inhibitor. Here we describe the synthesis and structure–activity relationships (SAR) of 23 RB analogues that were designed by systematical dissection of RB. Evaluation of these analogues allowed us to establish an initial SAR in SecA inhibition. The antimicrobial effects of these SecA inhibitors are confirmed in experiments using E. coli and B. subtilis.
Near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: van der Vorst Joost R. , Schaafsma Boudewijn E. , Hutteman Merlijn , Verbeek Floris P. R. , Liefers Gerrit‐Jan , Hartgrink Henk H. , Smit Vincent T. H. B. M. , Löwik Clemens W. G. M. , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , Frangioni John V. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L.
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND

The fundamental principle of oncologic surgery is the complete resection of malignant cells. However, small tumors are often difficult to find during surgery using conventional techniques. The objectives of this study were to determine if optical imaging, using a contrast agent already approved for other indications, could improve hepatic metastasectomy with curative intent, to optimize dose and timing, and to determine the mechanism of contrast agent accumulation.

METHODS

The high tissue penetration of near‐infrared (NIR) light was exploited by use of the FLARE (Fluorescence‐Assisted Resection and Exploration) image‐guided surgery system and the NIR fluorophore indocyanine green in a clinical trial of 40 patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases.

RESULTS

A total of 71 superficially located (< 6.2 mm beneath the liver capsule) colorectal liver metastases were identified and resected using NIR fluorescence imaging. Median tumor‐to‐liver ratio was 7.0 (range, 1.9‐18.7) and no significant differences between time points or doses were found. Indocyanine green fluorescence was seen as a rim around the tumor, which is shown to be entrapment around cytokeratin 7–positive hepatocytes compressed by the tumor. Importantly, in 5 of 40 patients (12.5%, 95% confidence interval = 5.0‐26.6), additional small and superficially located lesions were detected using NIR fluorescence, and were otherwise undetectable by preoperative computed tomography, intraoperative ultrasound, visual inspection, and palpation.

CONCLUSIONS

NIR fluorescence imaging, even when used with a nontargeted, clinically available NIR fluorophore, is complementary to conventional imaging and able to identify missed lesions by other modalities. Cancer 2013;119:3411–8. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Neuronal activity in the medial associative‐limbic and lateral motor part of the rat subthalamic nucleus and the effect of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced lesions of the dorsolateral striatum
Authors: Lindemann Christoph , Alam Mesbah , Krauss Joachim K. , Schwabe Kerstin
Published: June 2013

Lesions of the rat nigrostriatal dopamine system by injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lead to abnormal neuronal activity in the basal ganglia (BG) motor loop similar to that found in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the BG motor loop the subthalamic nucleus (STN) represents an important structure, which, however, also comprises areas of the BG associative and limbic loops. We were interested whether neuronal activity would differ between the STN medial associative‐limbic and lateral motor part, and whether selective 6‐OHDA‐induced lesions of the dorsolateral striatum, the entrance region of the BG motor loop, would differently affect these subregions. In male Sprague–Dawley rats 6‐OHDA (n = 12) or vehicle (n = 10) was bilaterally injected in the dorsolateral striatum. Four weeks later extracellular single‐unit activity and local field potentials were recorded in medial and lateral STN neurons of urethane‐anesthetized rats. In sham‐lesioned rats the discharge rate and burst activity were higher in the lateral compared to the medial STN. Similar differences were found for other neuronal activity measures (coefficient of variation of interspike interval, skewness, kurtosis, approximate entropy). After 6‐OHDA injection neuronal burst activity was enhanced, while the discharge rate was not affected. In addition, in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats β‐band oscillatory activity was enhanced, with no difference between STN subregions. We found important differences of neuronal activity between STN subregions, indicating functional segregation. However, selective 6‐OHDA lesions of the dorsolateral striatum also had a pronounced effect on the medial STN subregion, indicating interaction between BG loops. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3226–3240, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased radial glia quiescence, decreased reactivation upon injury and unaltered neuroblast behavior underlie decreased neurogenesis in the aging zebrafish telencephalon
Authors: Edelmann Kathrin , Glashauser Lena , Sprungala Susanne , Hesl Birgit , Fritschle Maike , Ninkovic Jovica , Godinho Leanne , Chapouton Prisca
Published: June 2013

The zebrafish has recently become a source of new data on the mechanisms of neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance and ongoing neurogenesis in adult brains. In this vertebrate, neurogenesis occurs at high levels in all ventricular regions of the brain, and brain injuries recover successfully, owing to the recruitment of radial glia, which function as NSCs. This new vertebrate model of adult neurogenesis is thus advancing our knowledge of the molecular cues in use for the activation of NSCs and fate of their progeny. Because the regenerative potential of somatic stem cells generally weakens with increasing age, it is important to assess the extent to which zebrafish NSC potential decreases or remains unaltered with age. We found that neurogenesis in the ventricular zone, in the olfactory bulb, and in a newly identified parenchymal zone of the telencephalon indeed declines as the fish ages and that oligodendrogenesis also declines. In the ventricular zone, the radial glial cell population remains largely unaltered morphologically but enters less frequently into the cell cycle and hence produces fewer neuroblasts. The neuroblasts themselves do not change their behavior with age and produce the same number of postmitotic neurons. Thus, decreased neurogenesis in the physiologically aging zebrafish brain is correlated with an increasing quiescence of radial glia. After injuries, radial glia in aged brains are reactivated, and the percentage of cell cycle entry is increased in the radial glia population. However, this reaction is far less pronounced than in younger animals, pointing to irreversible changes in aging zebrafish radial glia. J. Comp. Neurol. 521: 3099–3115, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protecting source–location privacy based on multirings in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Yao Lin , Kang Lin , Deng Fangyu , Deng Jing , Wu Guowei
Published: June 2013

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are expected to be widely deployed to collect data in military and civilian applications. Because of the open nature of WSNs, it is easy for an adversary to eavesdrop sensor communication and to trace packets, causing privacy concern for the sensor devices. The privacy issue, especially location privacy, can be critical for monitoring applications in WSNs. A unique case of location privacy is that of the sources, which are vulnerable of being captured and target attacks. In this paper, we propose a scheme to protect the source–location privacy based on a novel use of multiring topology. To achieve a uniformly distributed traffic pattern throughout the network, the source node selects two random rings each from its external rings and internal rings and a set of two random angles with a sum of 180 degrees for each packet. The packet is sent at one of the angles in each ring. Fake packets are also injected to provide path diversity and to increase attack time, which is defined as the time that the adversary takes to locate the source successfully. These techniques protect the source node from packet tracing attacks as well as traffic analysis attacks. Our analysis and simulations, performed in the NS2 simulator and MATLAB, demonstrate that our proposed scheme can provide better spatial traffic evenness and longer attack time, along with a modest increase of hop count and energy consumption.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.