bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA LEVEL IN SERA OF SOUTH INDIAN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: CORRELATION WITH ANTICYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODY LEVEL
Authors: Manikandan Natesan , Arunagirinathan Narasingam , Priya K , Vijaykanth Nallusamy , Rameshkumar Marimuthu Ragavan , Balakrishnan Sethuramalingam
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to find out the anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody level and expression level Th2 cytokine-liketumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from South India.Methods: The patients attending the Arthritis and Rheumatism Care Centre, Vadapalani, Chennai and healthy individuals from the Presidency College,Chennai, were enrolled for this study. The study group included 74 patients with RA and 50 healthy individuals without history of RA. 3-5 ml ofblood samples was aseptically collected using Vacutainer, and the separated serum samples were transported to the Department of Microbiology,Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, in cold chain. Anti-CCP antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serumconcentrations of TNF-α were studied in patients with RA and in healthy controls, using an ELISA method.Results: The results of anti-CCP enzyme immunoassay revealed that out of 74 patients, all were anti-CCP positive, which included 65 femalesand 9 males. Higher levels of anti-CCP (456 IU/ml) were present in the age group between 41 and 50 followed by 21-30 years age group whichshows 335.28 IU/ml of anti-CCP antibody level. The level of serum TNF-α was measured in the range of 4.6-1082.84 pg/ml for RA patients and6.630-459.74 pg/ml for the healthy control group.Conclusion: TNF-α levels were significantly increased in RA patients compared to healthy individuals. A negative correlation was found between antiCCPantibodyand TNF-αlevelin RA patients.Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE PROVINCE OF SIDI KACEM, MOROCCO
Authors: Rhazi Filali Fouzia , Ennacirie Fatima-zahra , Rahou Abdelilah
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAn ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was carried in the province of Sidi Kacem (Morocco), whose objective is to make an inventory of medicinalplants used in traditional therapy against respiratory, digestive, and cutaneous infections; also to describe their mode of use practiced by the localpopulation. The tool of the study was a questionnaire completed by 200 citizens of four investigated areas, determined by the stratified samplingtechniques, 40% practiced phytotherapy. The survey consists of a section on the informant, and another is interested in plants used by the population.The analysis of information has established a catalog of 73 species identified with their use of frequencies, partly used and the method of preparation.They belong to 39 families; the most dominant are Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. The leaves are the most used part in decoction to treat thethree types of infection mentioned above. These results allow us to create a database about this region’s plants characteristic. They will be useful toestablish further studies on their chemical properties and biological activities.Keywords: Province of Sidi Kacem (Morocco), Phytotherapy, Ethnobotanical survey, Infections, Catalogue of plants.
ANTINEURODEGENERATIVE ACTIVITY OF MICROALGAE DUNALIELLA SALINA IN RATS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Elbaz Farouk Kamel , Aly Hanan F , Khalil Wagdy Kb , Booles Hoda F , Al Gamila H
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study is aimed to investigate the promising action of Dunaliella salina extract as a natural protector against Alzheimer’sdisease (AD) and reported to possess a variety of activities, including antioxidant effects due to its ability to create large amount of carotenoids.Methods: D. salina is a type of halophile green microalgae was used in the present study. 50 male rats were used in this study, where aluminumchloride was orally administered to induce AD in a dose of 100 mg/kg, daily for 6 weeks. Al-intoxicated rats treated orally daily with D. salinaethanolic extract for 6 weeks in a dose of 150 mg/kg b.wt., whereas standard anti-Alzheimer drug donepezil tartrate was administered at the doseof 10 mg/kg b.wt./day for 6 consecutive weeks. The anti-Alzheimer properties of D. salina extract were achieved through measuring the calmodulin(CaM) level, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, the antiapoptotic marker (Bcl2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the generation of the DNAadducts (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]/2-deoxy guanosine [2-dG]), and alteration in the expression of amyloid precursor protein, β-siteAPP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2) in AD rats.Results: The current results demonstrated that supplementation of AD rats with D. salina extract-enhanced CaM level, and increased PON1 activity,upregulated Bcl2 and BDNF, decreased the levels of DNA adducts (8-OHdG/2-dG), and suppressed the alterations of the expression levels of APP,BACE1, and BACE2-m RNAs as compared with those in AD rats.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the biological activity of D. salina extract might be regulated by 9-cis b-carotene protecting the brain cells fromthe oxidative stress in AD rats.Keywords: Dunaliella salina, Calmodulin, Paraoxonase 1, Bcl2, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Alzheimer’s disease, DNA adduct, Amyloid precursorprotein.
ADVERSE EFFECT OF COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
Authors: Shukla Akshara , Jamwal Rohitash , Bala Kumud
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTOral contraceptive (OC) pills contain estrogen and progestin that are synthetic analogs of natural hormones. These synthetic hormones affectthe hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of the female reproductive system. There are many types of contraceptives; most of the OC pills preventpregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. Estrogen and progestin are two female reproductive hormones that are critical. Typically, estradiol is producedby growing follicle (ovaries) which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which further stimulates theanterior pituitary to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH production triggers the ovulation. Similarly, theprogesterone is produced by corpus luteum (ovaries), which triggers the production of FSH and LH. There are many types of progesterone available.Long-term usage of synthetic estrogen and progesterone can disturb the balance between the level of these hormones in the body. This imbalance maylead to severe side effects such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, thrombosis, direct impact on the brain, and infertility.Keywords: Estrogen, Progesterone, Contraceptives, Herbal contraceptives.
KNOWLEDGE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PARENTS TOWARD CHILD’S ORAL HEALTH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Ravindran Shasmitha , Karthikeyan Shanmugaavel
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to understand the dental knowledge and responsibility of the parents toward child’s oral health in a dental office.Methods: A questionnaire (Annexure A) was distributed to 200 parents who came to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Parent’s informationregarding dental knowledge, responsibility taking, and knowledge regarding child’s oral health was collected with the aid of the structuredquestionnaire.Result: The results showed that the dental knowledge of parents is lower than that of the experts. Parents mentioned that fluoride has less importancein enamel protection (p=0.87) than the experts (p<0.001). Almost 100% of the parents were engaged in the daily assistance of tooth brushing fortheir children. However, child’s diet control is poor. Nearly 26% of the parents have no control of sweet consumption for their child. About 45% of theparents have no control of biscuits consumption for their child. Moreover, 22% of the parents of uncooperative child dental patients mentioned thatit is a dentist’s responsibility for the unwillingness of the treatment and treatment refusal stated by the child.Conclusion: This study showed that the parents have poor dental knowledge and are not responsible for their child’s oral health. They do not maintainproper dietary habits for their children which may lead to the increased incidence of caries in childhood. Hence, there is a need for increase in dentalknowledge of the parents to maintain a proper oral health of their children.Keywords: Parental behavior, Parental dental knowledge, Child’s behavior.
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPARTICULATE FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CIPROFLOXACIN: IN VIVO STUDY WITH INDUCED COLITIS MODEL IN RATS
Authors: Rangari Nalanda Tulsiram , Puranik Prashant K
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this research work was to develop a multiparticulate containing chitosan and guar gum for the treatment of ulcerativecolitis.Method: Method for the formulation of multiparticulate was done by extrusion-spheronization method using Eudragit L-100 and Eudragit S-100 as acoating solution and ciprofloxacin as a model drug.Result: Result from preliminary trial batches was previously assessed for physicochemical characterization, in vitro release, ex vivo mucoadhesionstudy, swelling studies, and in vivo evaluation and showed that the formulations appeared to be a good candidate to deliver the drug to the colon.Box-Behnken design was used to statistically optimize the formulation parameters and evaluate the main effects, interaction effects, and quadraticeffects of the process parameters of enteric-coated multiparticulate on drug polymer ratio and coat composition. In this work, the effectivenessof optimized batch (C4) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease was evaluated. Experimentally, colitis was induced by rectal instillationof 2, 4, 6, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid into male Wistar rats. The histological evaluations were done as inflammatory indices. In vivo gammascintigraphy studies of multiparticulate without a drug demonstrate degradation of multiparticulate whenever they reach colon.Conclusion: The conclusion from results of studies such as gamma scintigraphy and histological study of optimized formulation (C4) clearly indicatesthat there is a great potential in delivery of ciprofloxacin to the colonic region. The animals treated with ciprofloxacin (C4) formulation had animprovement in pathology and may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Keywords: Chitosan, Guar gum, Ciprofloxacin, Gamma scintigraphy, Histology, Ulcerative colitis, Box-Behnken design.
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Bellamkonda Mahita , Kumar Vinod
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is on the rise in our society for various reasons. It is said that allergy might represent a primary or secondary factorin up to half the patients encountered in an otolaryngology practice. Thus, the management of AR constitutes a large proportion of the day-to-daypractice. In addition to its primary effect, inhalant allergy of the upper respiratory tract might affect the development and clinical course of otherdisease states such as sinusitis, otitis media, and asthma due to the mucosal continuity. Hence, this study was conducted to know the comorbidassociations of AR and also the pathology in inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH).Methods: A time-bound, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in ENT OPD. Patients were selected for the study after proper history taking,clinical examination, laboratory investigations such as absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and diagnostic nasal endoscopy, and consent for biopsy frominferior turbinate and histopathological examination using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nasal symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasalpruritus, nasal obstruction, anosmia and non-nasal symptoms of eye itching, watering, foreign body sensation, and pharyngeal itching were recorded.Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.08 years with a standard deviation of 6.1. Patients were clinically evaluated regarding symptoms inear, nose, throat, eyes, and respiratory system. All patients had nasal symptoms whereas 53.34% patients had ophthalmic and pharyngeal symptoms.Aural comorbidity was most common with complaints in 68.33% followed by respiratory symptoms in 30% patients. About 40% patients complainedof sleep disturbances. Nearly 31.67% patients had a positive family history. The pale nasal mucosa was seen in 63.33% patients. Almost 70% patientshad intermittent AR, of which 43.33% had a mild degree. About 55% cases had AEC <350 cells/cumm. Almost 51.67% patients had more than fiveeosinophils per high power field in the biopsy of their inferior turbinates.Conclusion: Although most patients presented with nasal symptoms, ophthalmic and pharyngeal symptoms were commonly presented. ITH withpale nasal mucosa were the most common examination findings. Although AEC was not raised in most of the patients, more than half patients hada raised eosinophil count in the inferior turbinate biopsy. Thus, in a patient with AR, special attention has to be given to the ear, throat, eye, andasthmatic aspect. Eosinophil count in inferior turbinate biopsy is fairly reliable indicator in allergic turbinates.Keywords: Allegic rhinitis, Asthma, Absolute eosinophil count, Eosinophil count, Inferior turbinate biopsy.
CILOSTAZOL DID NOT INDUCE ANY ADVERSE REACTIONS IN CORONARY ARTERIAL DISEASE (NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION) WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE COMORBIDITY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sukmawan Yedy Purwandi
Published: April 2017

A 63 year-old males with dyspnea, had recently begun using cilostazol after switched from aspirin caused by asthma related to aspirin. Cilostazol contraindicated for congestive heart failure and possess adverse reactions related to the heart such as cardiac arrhytmia, palpitation, tachycardia and oedema. But however, 10 days monitoring for adverse reaction of cilostazol used, revealed there was no adverse reaction to be related to cilostazol.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY IN ALBINO RATS: A TOXICITY SCREENING APPROACH
Authors: Yogi Bhumika , Mishra Ashutosh
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous methanolic extract of polyherbal formulation and individual extracts of Calotropisprocera, Gymnema sylvestre, and Lawsonia inermis leaves.Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of the formulation and extracts were assessed on the basis of histopathological changes in liver of carbontetrachloride-induced hepatotoxic rats.Results: The result of present studies strongly indicates that the hepatoprotective property of polyherbal formulation as evidenced by less damagedhepatocytes cells.Conclusion: Polyherbal formulation revealed excellent hepatoprotective profile as compared to individual plants due to synergistic effect producedby different phytochemicals present in the formulation.Keywords: Calotropis procera, Gymnema sylvestre, Lawsonia inermis, Carbon tetrachloride.
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF PLANT PROTEIN AGAINST DALTON’S LYMPHOMA ASCITES TUMOR CELL LINES
Authors: M . Srilatha , R Santhi , S Annapurani
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Tabernaemontana divaricata (Td) is commonly used plants for the treatment of inflammatory, anticancer, and diabetics. The main objectiveof this study is to assess the antitumor and antioxidant activity of Td in mice model.Methods: Antitumor activity of TdPf extract (52 µg/ml) is evaluated against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) tumor mice. After 24 hrs of tumorinoculation, the extract is administered daily for 15 and 60 days. After administration of the lost dose followed by 18 hrs fasting, mice are sacrificedfor observation of antitumor activity. Antitumor activity is assessed by monitoring the liver marker enzyme, lipid peroxidation effect on antioxidantenzyme levels, and histopathological evidence.Results: The results showed that the protein extract of Td animals restored the antioxidant enzymes when compared to the mice of the DLA controlgroup.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the extract of plant protein has antitumor activity by preventing the lipid peroxidation and thereby promotingthe antioxidant systems in DLA induced mice. And hence, it is evident that these extract could be a natural anticancer agent for the human health.Keywords: Dalton’s lymphoma ascites, Antitumor, Tabernaemontana divaricata, Lipid peroxidation antioxidant.
A STUDY ON THE MAGNITUDE OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN SUN AND RANBAXY MERGER
Authors: Anjalidaisy S , Vijayabanu C
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSun Pharmaceutical is a trailblazer in Indian pharmaceutical sector, and one of the foremost competitors in the generic drug market sets its eye onRanbaxy. Sun pharmacy which was established in 1983 listed from 1994 has its upper hand in product development. Ranbaxy was incorporated in1973, and Daiichi Sankyo, a Japanese firm, got a controlling share from 2008. This amalgamation between Sun Pharmacy and Ranbaxy would getprofitable transaction for the former. The process of the coalition was a cloak and dagger affair until April 6, 2014. Before mergers and acquisitions,a company has to create an urgency call among the employees which will result in better understanding of the whole scenario. The aspects are abouthow financial motives and non-financial motives play a major role in mergers. This case deals with the human resource issues and complexities facedby the two players in the same business.Keywords: Merger, Acquisition, Change management, Human resource, Employee engagement, Corporate strategy.
OCCURRENCE OF CARBAPENEMASES AND EXTENDED-SPECTRUM ΒETA-LACTAMASES IN UROPATHOGENIC ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ISOLATED FROM A COMMUNITY SETTING, SETTAT, MOROCCO
Authors: Natoubi Samira , Barguigua Abouddihaj , Baghdad Nezha , Nayme Kaotar , Timinouni Mohammed , Hilali Abderraouf , Amghar Souad , Zerouali Khalid
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are still commonly diagnosed in outpatients as well as in hospitalized patients. In this study, weinvestigated the prevalence and performed molecular characterization of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases produced byEnterobacteriaceae isolates that cause community UTIs in Settat city, Morocco.Methods: From January 2012 to December 2013, all uropathogenic community Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from the microbiologylaboratory of Hassan II Hospital, Settat, Morocco. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by Clinical and LaboratoryStandard Institute. Phenotypic identification of ESBL and carbapenemase producer isolates was confirmed by the double-disk synergy test and themodified Hodge test, respectively. Molecular characterization of β-lactamase genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followedby sequencing of the obtained products.Results: Among 153 isolates, 31 (20.26%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Nine strains (5.88%) were ESBL producers, of which Klebsiellapneumoniae (n=5; 20.83%), Escherichia coli (n=3; 3.15%), and Enterobacter cloacae (n=1; 9.09%) species were identified. The results of ESBLencodinggenedetectionby sequencing revealed the presence of CTX-M-15 (n=9) in association with other β-lactamase genes such as temoneira 1(n=8) and sulfhydryl variable 1 (n=5). According to the modified Hodge test and PCR, three isolates (1.96%) were positive carry the blaConclusion: The emergence of MDR uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolates in our community is highly alarming. Strict measures will be requiredto control the further spread of these uropathogenic isolates.Keywords: Carbapenemase, Enterobacteriaceae, Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases, Moroccan community.OXA-48 gene.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF MYCOPLASMA CONTAMINATION OF EGGS USED IN VIRUS TITRATION AND EFFICACY OF SOME LIVE ATTENUATED POULTRY VIRAL VACCINES
Authors: Fathy Marwa , El-safty Mounir M. , El-jakee Jakeen K. , Abd-alla Howaida I. , Mahmoud Hala
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The study of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is needed, not only to understand the disease process but also to understand theinterference with the evaluation of some live viral poultry vaccines. This study aims to investigate the titration and potency of some live attenuatedpoultry viral vaccines; Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, and Reo in both specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonatedchicken eggs (ECEs) and chickens.Methods: Titration of live attenuated viral poultry vaccines in ECEs was carried out by dividing the inoculated eggs into four groups; the pre-,simultaneously-, post-, and non-MG contaminated. MG effect on the potency test was carried out using seventeen groups of SPF chickens (25 chicken/group) placed into separate isolators. Each live attenuated viral poultry vaccine was inoculated into 4 groups.Results: The highest titer of these vaccines that appeared in MG pre- contaminated ECEs were 1011, 107.5, 107.9, and 10, respectively. The lowest vaccinetiters that appeared in non-MG contaminated ECEs were 108, 106, 106.8, and 1067.5, respectively. Although the potency of these previous vaccines indicated thatthe highest antibodies titer that appeared in MG pre-infected vaccinated chickens were 7.5 log, 36 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay unit (EU), and42 EU, respectively; the lowest antibodies titer that appeared in non-MG infected vaccinated chickens were 6.5 log22, 12 EU, 17 EU, and 10 EU, respectively.Conclusion: The present study findings underline the importance of using Mycoplasma -free eggs or chicken for the production of virus vaccines.Keywords: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Newcastle disease virus, Infectious bronchitis virus, Infectious bursal disease virus, Reo virus, Chicken, Specificpathogen-free eggs.
STATISTICAL DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER BY MAMMOGRAM IMAGE
Authors: Naseera Shaik , Rajini G.k. , M Saravanan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To create awareness about the breast cancer which has become one of the most common diseases among women that leads to death if notrecognized at early stage.Methods: The technique of acquiring breast image is called mammography and is a diagnostic and screening tool to detect cancer. A cascade algorithmbased on these statistical parameters is implemented on these mammogram images to segregate normal, benign, and malignant diseases.Results: Statistical features - such as mean, median, standard deviation, perimeter, and skewness - were extracted from mammogram images todescribe their intensity and nature of distribution using ImageJ.Conclusion: A noninvasive technique which includes statistical features to determine and classify normal, benign, and malignant images are identified.Keywords: Breast cancer, Benign, Malignant, Mammogram image, ImageJ.
INFLUENCE OF GENDER DIFFERENCE IN THE ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF FLUOXETINE IN MICE IN TAIL SUSPENSION TEST
Authors: Tyagi Anki , Walia Vaibhav
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAim: To determine the effect of gender difference in the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine (FLX) in mice in tail suspension test (TST).Methods: Swiss albino mice of either sex were used and the depression-like behavior was measured by TST.Results: The present study showed that there was a significant difference in the immobility period of male mice and female mice in TST. However, theantidepressant effect of FLX differs significantly in male mice and female mice in TST.Conclusion: It has been concluded that the antidepressant effect of FLX in TST was affected by the gender difference as suggested by the results ofthe present study.Keywords: Depression, Estrogen, Female, Fluoxetine, Mice, Serotonin.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RAPID REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND β-SITOSTEROL IN EXTRACTS OF VARIOUS PARTS (LEAVES, STEMS, AND ROOTS) OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM LINN.
Authors: Kamboj Anjoo , Bhatti Manisha , Atri Pooja
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Xanthium strumarium is a cocklebur or burweed belonging to family Asteraceae and commonly found as a weed, is widely distributed inNorth America, Brazil, China, Malasia, and hotter part of India. The herb is traditionally used mostly in treating several ailments. The present studydeals with development and validation of a reliable reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneousestimation of Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in the various extracts of the plant.Methods: The proposed method utilizes a Qualisil Gold C18 column (250×4.6 mm), 5 µm particle size, under isocratic elution conditions with themixture of acetonitrile:ethanol:water (85:14:1 v/v/v) at 25° as a mobile phase. An effluent flow rate of 1 ml/minute and ultraviolet detection at202 nm was used for the analysis of Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol.Results: The described method was linear in the range of range of 100-500 µg/ml and 10-500 µg/ml for stigmasterol and β-sitosterol respectively,with excellent correlation coefficients. The precision, robustness, and ruggedness values were also within the prescribed limits (<2%). The recoveryvalues were within the range, which indicates that the accuracy of the analysis was good and that the interference of the matrix with the recovery ofphytosterols was low. The phytosterols were found to be stable in a stock solution for 24 hrs (percentage relative standard deviation was below 2%)and no interfering extra peaks were observed under controlled stress conditions.Conclusion: The proposed method is simple, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible and thus can be used as appropriate method for routineanalysis of X. strumarium phytosterols in quality control laboratories.Keywords: Xanthium strumarium, Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method, Precision, Phytosterols, Quality control.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SHORT SLEEP DURATION AND OBESITY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Mishra Tapaswini , Mohapatra Dipti , Behera Manasi , Mishra Srimannarayan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Adequate sleep has been considered important for the adolescent’s health and well-being. On the other hand, self-imposed sleepcurtailment is now recognized as a potentially important and novel risk factor for obesity. The objective of the study is to find the association betweenshort sleep duration and obesity (by calculating the body mass index [BMI]) among medical students.Methods: The study was conducted on 100 medical students. A brief history of sleep duration was taken. The height and weight were taken and thebody mass index (BMI) was calculated by formula weight in kg / height in m. Based on the BMI criteria the students were classified into six groups:Underweight, normal, overweight, obese class I, obese class II and obese III. The waist circumference (WC) was also taken. The data obtained werestatistically analysed by ANOVA test and the p < 0.5 was considered significant.2Results: The present cross-sectional study showed that there is an association between short sleep duration and obesity which was highly significant(p<0.001). This study also shows that there is an association between short sleep duration and waist circumference which was also highly significant(p<0.001).Conclusion: The present study observed a high association of short sleep duration among medical students of IMS and SUM Hospital and that shortsleep duration was significantly associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. We should further investigate whether adults adopting ahealthy lifestyle with short sleep duration would improve their sleeping habits or not.Keywords: Sleep duration, Body mass index, Waist circumference, Obesity.
POTENTIAL ROLE OF HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS AGAINST DIABETES INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION IN RATS
Authors: Elbaz Farouk Kamel , Aly Hanan F , Kb Khalil Wagdy , Al Gamila H , Hafiz Naglaa A , Saad Safaa A
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Haematococcus pluvialis extract against oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokinesinduced by hyperglycemia in diabetic rats.Methods: Oxidative stress; lipid peroxide (as presented by Malondialdehyde; MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), beside total antioxidant capacity, enzymaticand non-enzymatic antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were evaluated. The inflammatorycytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta were also investigated in rats’ serum. Several analyses including expression ofantioxidant enzyme related genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and DNA adducts were performed.Results: The results showed that diabetes mellitus induced-rats exhibited increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines, lowerexpression levels of the antioxidant enzyme genes; superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase than those in control rats. In addition, diabeticrats exhibited significantly higher levels of ROS generation and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation. In contrary, supplementation ofdiabetic rats with H. pluvialis extract improved the negative effect of the hyperglycemia on antioxidant enzymes, the gene expression of antioxidantenzymes, and ROS generation as well as 8-OHdG formation.Conclusion: H. pluvialis extract decreased the oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidant status and inflammatory cytokines induced by hyperglycemiain diabetic rats. The effect of H. pluvialis extract involved in the increase of expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes; decreased the levels of ROSgeneration and 8-OHdG formation which may be attributed to the presence of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis extract.Keywords: Haematococcus pluvialis, Hyperglycemia, Diabetes mellitus, Oxidative stress, Inflammatory cytokines, DNA adducts.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PUNICA GRANATUM L. PEELS AND ITS ROLE AS IMMUNOSTIMULANT AGAINST SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTION IN BIOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA
Authors: Ghareeb Mosad A , Mossalem Hanan S , Refahy Laila A , Mohamed Asmaa S , Habib Mohamed R
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of Punica granatum L. and test it as immunostimulants against Schistosomamansoni infection to Biomphalaria alexandrina snails.Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activity of the 90% defatted methanol extract (90% DM)of P. granatum peels and its sub-derived fractions was evaluated via 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and its chemical constituents were identified viagas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. B. alexandrina snails were exposed to pomegranate extracts (PEs) for 1 month before theirchallenging with S. mansoni miracidia. Infection rates, immunological and histological parameters were, then, evaluated in PE-exposed snails andcompared to controls.Results: The antioxidants activities of PE, expressed as scavenging concentration at 50%, were in the following order; 90% DM (12.45) ˃n-butanol(15.59) ˃ethyl acetate (21.36) ˃water (49.16) µg/ml, compared to 7.50 µg/ml for ascorbic acid. The infection rates of PE-exposed snails were 20%,50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively, for 90% DM, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, water, and dichloromethane extracts compared to 95% in control snails.The number of amoebocytes showed a significant increase, clear differentiation, and size increment in exposed snails compared to controls. Moreover,hermaphrodite glands histology shows a full maturity in the formation of reproductive cells in PE-exposed snails. The GC-MS analysis of the 90% DMextract revealed the presence of 36 compounds representing 93.1% of the total composition. Piperidin-4-ol, 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-triphenyl (19.87%),and 6,11-dihydroxy-5,12 naphthacenequinone-1-carboxylic acid (7.80%) were the major components.Conclusion: The identified compounds in 90% DM extract of P. granatum may be responsible for the high antioxidant activity of the fruit and it mayaccount for its immunostimulatory effect against S. mansoni infection in B. alexandrina.Keywords: Punica granatum L., Antioxidant activity, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Schistosoma mansoni, Infection rate, Gas chromatography-massspectrometry.
DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS IN PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: K Mamatha , Sabu Letty , Yacob Mariya , Singh Hemendra
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The growing concern over the burden of psychiatric illnesses in health statistics elicit the importance of rational prescribing of psychotropicdrugs. Due to the minimal number of studies conducted in this area, the present study was carried out to assess the morbidity pattern and prescribingtrend of drugs used in psychiatric outpatients.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6-month in a psychiatric outpatient department. The medical recordsof 202 patients were reviewed for analyzing the prescription pattern using the World Health Organization drug indicators, wherein patients werecategorized according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria.Results: In the present study, 129 (63.9%) of the 202 patients were males. The majority of the patients (36.63%) were in the age group of 25-35 years.Substance-related disorders (28.71%) were the most common psychiatric disorders followed by schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders(22.77%). Anxiolytics and hypnotics (31.99%) were the most commonly prescribed psychotropic drug class followed by antipsychotics (20.2%) andantidepressants (18.18%) with clonazepam (47.89%), risperidone (42.5%), and escitalopram (57.4%) being the most common drugs, respectively.Polypharmacy was found in 93.56% of the prescriptions with an average of 3.396 drugs/prescription. Generic drug usage (39.94%) was found to below when compared to the brand drug usage (60.05%).Conclusion: Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used psychotropic drugs. Polypharmacy, although practiced as a treatment strategy tomanage psychiatric illnesses, predisposes patients to adverse events and adherence issues.Keywords: Drug utilization pattern, Psychotropic drugs, Polypharmacy, Psychiatric outpatients.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA
Authors: Banerjee Sharmistha , Kaushik Shuchi , Tomar Rajesh Singh
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was performed to identify the phytochemicals and comparatively evaluate the antioxidant activity of Calotropis procera andAzadirachta indica by detection of total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity, and estimation of condensed tannins in differentsolvent systems and at different temperatures.Methods: Leaves of C. procera and A. indica were extracted in water, methanol by soaking dried leaf powder at room temperature and also by boilingthe leaf powder in water for 30 minutes. Phytochemical tests were performed in all of the extracts. The antioxidant activity was determined byhydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. Quantitative estimation of total phenolics and hydrolysable tannins was also performed.Results: The total phenolics in both leaf extracts was obtained maximum in boiled extract (40.7±1.20 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g dry extractin C. procera and 33.66±1.45 mg GAE/g dry extract in A. indica). The amount of hydrolysable tannins in both leaf extracts was found to be highest inmethanol (150±1.88 mg catechin equivalent/g dry extract in C. procera and 144.8±2.63 mg catechin equivalent/g dry extract in A. indica).Conclusion: The study showed promising results indicating that these plants are a good source of antioxidants. The majority of phytochemicals wereextracted in distilled water and methanol acts as a good solvent for extraction of tannins, whereas an increase in temperature leads to poor extractionof tannins.Keywords: Antioxidant, Phytochemicals, Phenolics, Radical, Tannins.© 2017 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.
INCLUSION STUDIES ON α-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES OF GLIPIZIDE AND GLICLAZIDE WITH EFFECT OF PH
Authors: Simon Lizy Roselet , J Prema Kumari
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To synthesize inclusion complexes of oral antidiabetic drugs, i.e., Glipizide (GP) and Gliclazide (Glc) with a-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and varyingthe pH which will enhance the solubility and thereby oral bioavailability of the drugs.Methods: Liquid inclusion complexes were prepared and characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopic studies, and fluorescent studiessolid inclusion complexes of GP and Glc with α-CD were prepared by co-evaporation method and characterized by differential scanning calorimetricstudies (DSC) and1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies (1H NMR).Results: The inclusion complexes of both GP and Glc with α-CD showed high binding constant values for pH 2 from the UV-VIS spectroscopy studiesand fluorescent studies. DSC and1H NMR spectroscopic studies confirmed the inclusion of GP and Glc inside the α-CD cavity.Conclusion: Formed with more stable inclusion complexes, with α-CD are GP and Glc at pH 2, along with pH modulation could be a suitable strategyto enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of both the drugs.Keywords: Solubility, Bioavailability, Glipizide, Gliclazide, Inclusion complexes, α-Cyclodextrin.
CORRELATION STUDY OF DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORE AND SERUM CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEINLEVELS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA
Authors: Saptarini Nyi Mekar , Pratiwi Dainar Eka , Febrina Ellin , Wibowo Marlia Singgih , Gusdinar Tutus
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was designed to determine the correlation between Disease Activity Score (DAS 28) and the serum Cartilage Oligomeric MatrixProtein (COMP) levels in Indonesian Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: The subjects were patients who visit the rheumatology clinic at one governmental hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. DAS was determinedby the QxMD Software based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum COMP levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Statistical analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results: DAS 28 value was 3.36 ± 0.16 which indicates the moderate disease activity. Serum COMP levels were 843.80 ± 35.79 ng/ml in RA patientsand 830.00 ± 48.92 ng/ml in normal controls. Conclusion: There is no correlation between DAS 28 and serum COMP levels in RA patients (p = 0.496 and rho = 0.129). Keywords: Autoimmune disease, Rheumatoid arthritis monitoring, Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, Disease activity score 28
STEADY-STATE PHARMACOKINETICS OF METFORMIN IN OBESE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Dwi Ananda Ningrum Vitarani , Ikawati Zullies , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Ikhsan M. Robikhul , Saepudin S.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to determine the metformin plasma steady-state concentration (PSSC) either trough and peak level in Type 2 diabetesmellitus patients with obesity and the impact of SLC22A1 gene organic cation transporter 1 (OCT) rs628031 A>G on PSSC of metformin.Methods: Validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detector was used to determine the metforminPSSC, as well as genotype variation was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphisms-polymerase chain reaction method.Results: A total of 13 patients were recruited from five Primary Health Centers in Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. The results showed that themeans of their trough and peak PSSC were 0.285±0.192 and 1.175±0.814 µg/ml, respectively. Only 10 patients (77%) had peak PSSC within theplasma therapeutic level (PTL) of metformin, and 14-fold variability was observed for the peak PSSC. None of the patients achieved the PTL ofmetformin with regard to their trough PSSC. The PSSC of metformin was independent of the OCT1 genotype in rs628031 (A>G) 408M/V SLC22A1.Conclusion: This study found a huge variability in the trough concentration of metformin (>100-fold) and 14-fold for the peak PSSC, and no impactof a variant of rs628013 SLC22A1 OCT1 on metformin PSSC was revealed.Keywords: Metformin, Steady-state pharmacokinetics, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CO-INFECTION OF BRUCELLA AND DENGUE VIRUS
Authors: Dutta Devarati , Kuila Prabir , Chatterjee Debasmita , Das Satadal
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic infection having a worldwide distribution. In South East Asian developing countries like India, brucellosisis yet well-known but often neglected disease. Although dengue fever has a global distribution, South East Asian region together with the WesternPacific region represents 75% of the current global disease burden. Frequent dengue fever outbreaks have been encountered in different parts of India.Both brucellosis and dengue fever may present with many nonspecific symptoms. This study was designed to identify the trend of their co-infection.Methods: The study was carried out from February 2015 to July 2016 in Eastern India. Blood samples collected from clinically suspected denguefever cases were confirmed serologically by dengue specific NS1, IgM, and IgG capture ELISA methods. The confirmed dengue samples were furthersubjected to Brucella specific serological and molecular investigations.Results: Out of 37 serologically confirmed dengue cases, 8 (21.6%) showed co-infection of brucellosis and dengue fever. Female predominance wasobserved among the co-infection cases. Most of these cases belonged to the age group 21-40 years and resided in and around Kolkata.Conclusion: This study portrays the simultaneous acquisition of these two pathogens in a few patients. Co-infection of these two pathogens, whilefeasible, has not been accounted previously in this part of India. Thus, this report highlights the significance of studying the possibility of occurrenceof dual infection of these two diseases and its outcome in patients with febrile illness thereby providing future scope of preventing case fatalities.Keywords: Brucellosis, Dengue, Co-infection, ELISA, Polymerase chain reaction.
SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF THE R-ISOMER OF KETOPROFEN IN A BULK DRUG SUBSTANCE BY NORMAL PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Lawande Appasaheb Bajirao
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective is defined to develop and validate simple, rapid, precise, and accurate for separation and determination of R-isomer impurityof ketoprofen bulk drug material by the normal phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method as per the International Conference ofHarmonization Guideline (ICH) guidelines.Methods: The R-isomer and S-isomer were baseline resolved on a Chiralcel OJ-H, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, and 5 µm stationary phase column. Mobile phasesystem containing n-hexane:isopropyl alcohol:glacial acetic acid (50:50:0.1 v/v.). The detector wavelength has been selected 254 nm and column oventemperature 25°C. The chromatographic resolutions between R-isomer and S-isomer were more than two. The developed method was extensivelyvalidated according to ICH guidelines.Results: Ketoprofen linearity was found for R-isomer over the concentration range of 600-6000 ng/ml, with the linear regression (Correlationcoefficient R=0.999) and proved to be robust. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of ketoprofen R-isomer were found to be 200 and600 ng/ml. The percentage recovery of R-isomer has been ranged from 97.5 to 102.0 in bulk drug material samples of ketoprofen. The proposedmethod was found to be suitable and accurate for the quantitative determination of R-isomer of ketoprofen in bulk drug sample.Conclusion: A simple, rapid, precise, and accurate normal phase liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated to determineR-isomer impurity of ketoprofen in bulk drugs material as per ICH.Keywords: Ketoprofen, High-performance liquid chromatography, Known impurity, Normal phase, Chiralcel OJ-H, Validation.
EVALUATION OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION BY HEART RATE VARIABILITY ANALYSIS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Nil Phurpa Nil , Ferdousi Sultana -
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a severe and common, yet highly underdiagnosed, complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Subclinical CAN may have reduced heart rate variability (HRV) but normal Ewing battery test. This study was performed to evaluate theimportance of 5 minutes HRV for the detection of autonomic dysfunction in T2DM without (CAN-T2DM).Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU) on 30 recently diagnosed T2DM (RT2DM) and 54 long-term CAN-male T2DM patients (LT2DM), aged 45-55 years, from the EndocrinologyOut Patient Department of BSMMU, Dhaka. 30 age and body mass index matched apparently healthy male subjects were control. Ewing battery testwas used to rule out CAN positive T2DM. HRV data were recorded by a polyrite-D and analyzed by software. HRV was assessed by time domainmethod. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and unpaired t-test were used.Results: Mean RR, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) (p<0.05), and root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) were significantly(p<0.001) lower, and mean HR and SDNN/RMSSD were (p<0.001) significantly higher in LT2DM compared to RT2DM and control. In addition, SDNNwas also significantly (p<0.05) lower in RT2DM than that of control.Conclusions: Results conclude that autonomic dysfunction may occur in both LT2DM and RT2DM patients without neuropathy and 5 minutes HRVtest is an important tool for detecting subclinical CAN.Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Cardiac autonomic neuropathy, Heart rate variability.
TOXICITY EVALUATION OF AMMONIUM SULFATE TO ALBINO RAT
Authors: T Siva Kumar , A Shobha Rani , K Sujatha , B Purushotham , P Neeraja
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was designed to find out the acute median lethal dose (LD50) of ammonium sulfate (inorganic fertilizer) in Wister albino rats.Methods: A single dose of ammonium sulfate dissolved in distilled water (Milli-Q) and administered intraperitoneally at concentrations of 10, 30, 50,70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to experimental animals, and then, they were observed every 3 hrs from prior dose giventime, later 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, to 48 hrs of noticing any abnormal behaviors and toxic signs, symptoms. After 48 hrs, counted the number of ratsdeparted in each group and mortality percentage was calculated.Results: The obtained results were evaluated by the Statistical Probit Analysis Method and 48 hrs LD value for albino rats was found tobe 91.5 mg/kg. At a single dose of 10 mg/kg, there is no morality and toxic behaviors were observed. Therefore, this concentration is considered asno observed adverse effect level dose.Conclusion: From the earlier consequences, identification and evaluation of the LD5050 against ammonium sulfate is crucial for understanding thehyperammonemia because ammonium sulfate has been highly utilized as inorganic fertilizer in agriculture and household gardens. Thus, theknowledge about toxic impacts of ammonia useful for clinical or toxicological approaches; however, the toxicity data are unclear. Hence, the in vitroLD50 evaluations of target chemical in Wistar rats is highly associated toward in ammonia-related peculiar disorders perceptive and therapy.Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Fertilizer, Median lethal dose, Mortality, No observed adverse effect level.