bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Spatiotemporal Aerosol Index between MODIS and Sentinel 5 in Medan City
Authors: Tampubolon T , Yanti J , Tampubolon F R
Published: December 2023

In this paper, long-term variability and spatially contiguous aerosols were primarily responsible for air pollution in Medan, Indonesia. Medan air quality is become more threatening in the last few years. Estimating the most polluted and vulnerable to climate change, ambient aerosol, can control the adverse effects of poor air quality and negative impact on human health (e.g., asthma). This study estimates algorithmic and analytical approaches that compared Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data from MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) in a series of MCD19A2 at 0.55 microns and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) from Sentinel-5P in variations of 0.34 microns and 0.380 microns wavelengths. High-temporal-resolution imagery is projected based on wavelength-dependent changes in light interacting with aerosol particles in the atmosphere from 2020 to 2023. Results of the comparison between the different aerosol index products are derived from growth values in 58.81 percent of AOD in the area over Medan city, indicating a relatively hazy atmosphere or heavy pollution in 2023, exceeding the aerosol index total value increase of 45.24 percent of AAI amount during 2020 until 2023. Overall, highlights of aerosol estimation indicate that the seasonal and location-specific would exacerbate serious problems over Medan.
Temperature-dependence on thermal electric conductivity in FeCl2 monolayer with biaxial strain
Authors: Prayitno T B , Sarwono Y P , Budi E , Abdillah M A , Kartika M C
Published: December 2023

The dependence of thermal electric conductivity on temperature in a 1T-FeCl2 monolayer has been explored using the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. We provided the temperatures from near critical temperature up to room temperature. We observed different tendencies of thermal electric conductivity based on the existence of magnetism due to working temperature. As we applied the biaxial strain, we obtained the same contribution from both the magnetic and non-magnetic states to the thermal electric conductivity. We also found that the highest thermal electric conductivity may be shifted by employing low concentrations of doping.
Concentration dependence of visible luminescence from Pr3+-doped niobium zinc barium boro-tellurite glasses
Authors: Thanyaphirak W. , Yasaka P. , Sa-ardsin W. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: December 2023

This study explored the luminescence properties of a glass with the compositions defined in the formula (30-x)TeO2-30B2O3-10ZnO-20BaO-10Nb2O5, doped with varying concentrations of praseodymium (Pr3+) ions (x = 0.00 to 1.50 mol%). The investigation covers multiple aspects, including the physical, structural, optical, and luminescence properties, to explain the material’s behaviour with respect to its physical attributes. The measured density, molar volume, and refractive index span a range of 3.76-3.86 g/cm3, 35-36 cm3/mol, and 1.71-1.79, respectively. Structural analysis through FTIR spectroscopy demonstrates characteristic stretching vibrations of Te-O (677 cm−1) and B-O (892 cm−1) bonds, providing insight into the molecular arrangement within the glass composition. The optical investigation on transitions from the ground state 3H4 to higher-energy states: 1D2 (590 nm), 1G4 (1008 nm), 3F3 (1529 nm), and 3F2 (1932 nm). These emission peaks furnish crucial information on the material’s electron transitions, which are suitable for curtain potential applications in optical devices. Significantly, our study reveals a quenching effect at a Pr3+ doping concentration of 0.10 mol%, indicating interactions between Pr3+ ions and the glass matrix, affecting luminescence behaviour. This work contributes to an enhanced understanding of material properties and lays the groundwork for potential applications in luminescence and optical technologies.
Microkinetic Modeling of CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid on Transition Metal Doped Ni(111) Surface
Authors: Putra Sukanli Reza Pamungkas , Irwansyah  , Anatasya Amanda , Rizki Srie Rejeki Eggie , Fathurrahman Fadjar , Haris Mahyuddin Muhammad , Gandaryus Saputro Adhitya
Published: December 2023

The direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change and fostering a sustainable future. To facilitate this process, identifying an effective catalyst is of utmost importance. This study focuses on investigating the potential of nickel-based surfaces as catalysts for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 into formic acid (HCOOH), a valuable chemical with applications as a fuel and hydrogen storage. Several nickel surface models were considered, including pristine Ni(111) and Ni(111) surfaces doped with Cu, Pd, Pt, and Rh metals. Through a microkinetic investigation, we examined the reaction kinetics and determined the rate-determining steps on the Ni(111) surfaces. By elucidating the reaction pathways and characterizing the reaction intermediates, we gained comprehensive insights into the fundamental processes involved in CO2 hydrogenation to HCOOH. This knowledge is crucial for the rational design and optimization of catalysts, enabling the development of highly active catalysts for CO2 conversion. Our study revealed insights into the effect of transition metal doping on the catalytic activity of Ni(111) surfaces. Among the investigated dopants, we found that the addition of Pt in the first layer of Ni(111) surface yielded the best turnover frequency (TOF) for the CO2 conversion to HCOOH. The Pt dopants induced unique electronic properties in the Ni(111) surface, resulting in a reduced activation barrier for key reaction intermediates. This effect contributed to a more efficient conversion of CO2 to HCOOH.
Activated Carbon Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Rosi Memoria , Hendra Siburian Dedy , Wahyudhin Fathona Indra , Ismardi Abrar
Published: December 2023

Activated carbon (AC) with high surface area has been used in supercapacitors extensively, but it has limited capacitance value due to the low electrical conductivity. In this study, we concern to find the best conductive agent by incorporate different conductive agent such as carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). As a result, the AC/CB possess the highest specific capacitance of 62 F/g and excellent ESR of 2.40 . This might due to the excellent connectivity of AC and CB particle as seen from SEM image. On contrary, CNT and RGO have agglomeration that impact on resistance and capacitance.
Evaluation of Optical Characteristic of Animal Fat using Au Nanoparticle in Bamboo-derived Nanocellulose Paper Substrate: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rahmah Fitri , Sagung Pretty Tunjung Dewantari A A , Rumapar Arini E , Hatta Agus M , Oh Kyunghwan , Wahyuono Ruri A
Published: December 2023

Detection of animal fat content is necessary to prevent inappropriate product composition labelling measures such as substituting beef with pork or adding lard to other fat-processed products. In this paper, a detection method of animal fat utilizing paper-based biosensors using nano cellulose paper substrate is proposed. The nanocellulose paper substrate was fabricated using bamboo fibre and parenchyma cells. The nanocellulose paper substrate was further decorated with Au nanoparticles to improve the detection’s sensitivity. It demonstrated the measurement of optical properties using UV-vis spectroscopy for several animal fats. It also presented a colorimetric detection using a light source, photodetector, and imaging analysis. It was shown the difference in the color space intensity value before and after the addition of lard samples on AuNP-modified nanocellulose paper. It was reported that the difference in grayscale intensity value of AuNP-modified nanocellulose paper with a reducing agent volume of 3 mL and 4 mL were 37.369 and 55.686, respectively. This demonstrated that the larger the volume of reducing agent added during synthesis, the smaller the size of the nanoparticles and increasing the sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed paper-based biosensor offered a simple fabrication, biodegradable, and can be implemented in a colorimetric imaging system.
Characterization of EEG-P300 Signals in Drug Users
Authors: Dayanti N , Kusumandari D E , Kusumaningrum H B D , Alexandra T C
Published: December 2023

The use of drugs for a long time can cause changes in the structure of the brain’s performance. Drug detection is usually done using laboratory testing methods such as urine, blood, and saliva tests. With the development of technology, changes in brain activity can be presented in the form of EEG signals. This study aims to locate the features of the P300 signal and the more effective stimulus to generate the P300 signal. The EEG input data uses secondary data consisting of 40 male participants with an age range of 25–40 years. The data collection process contains a stimulus to generate a P300 signal and record for 50 seconds using 19 channels and a 10-20 system. The results of the study show that the P300 signal features can affect the formation of amplitude and latency. The more effective stimulus in generating the P300 signal for drug users is a similar stimulus shabu with an amplitude value of 18,3 μV and a fast response latency of 252,9 ms.
FDTD Simulation to Investigate the Effect of Nanopattern on Light Extraction Distribution of ZnS:Cu LED
Authors: Ibrahim Fathi , Rastri Adhika Damar , Ghifari Nurlis Aulia , Pradana Arfat
Published: December 2023

Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology is very common in everyday life. Due to the large refractive index difference between LED material and air, many excited photons from the active layer cannot be passed on to the air, thereby Total Internal Reflection (TIR) will occur and reducing the Light Extraction Efficiency (LEE) of LED. The use of nanopatterns on the LED surface can help trapped photons to get out of the LED by changing the direction and angle of photons’ propagation. Because the shape of the nanopattern will affect the increase in the LEE of LEDs and its fabrication is expensive, simulations are needed to design and study the effect of the shape and size of the nanopattern on the LEE of LEDs. In this study, FDTD simulations will be carried out on nano-sized grating patterns on the ZnS:Cu LED surface and then compared with experimental results to see the accuracy of the simulation results using Ansys Lumerical FDTD. The simulation results obtained in light emission distribution are consistent with the real measurement results. The simulation results are also used to evaluate the performance of the LEDs with and without the nanopattern on the surface.
Design and Development of IoT-based Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System for Thermal Comfort Evaluation in Classrooms
Authors: Rahmadani D P P , Pradharona Q I , Kirom M R , Suhendi A , Ajiwiguna T A
Published: December 2023

In the learning process in the classroom thermal comfort greatly affects the attitude and performance of students who are doing learning. However, in fact, when students are carrying out the learning process experience some obstacles that make them not feel comfortable in the classroom such as feeling the room temperature is too hot or the room temperature is too cold. Indonesian National Standard sets the air temperature for thermal comfort of the tropics which can be divided into (1) Cool comfort, between the effective temperature of 20.5 ° C - 22.8 ° C, (2) Optimal comfort, between the effective temperature of 22.8° C - 25.8 ° C, (3). Comfortably warm, between an effective temperature of 25.8°C - 27.1°C. While the relative air humidity that is comfortable for humans ranges from 30%60%. The purpose of the temperature and humidity monitoring system is to monitor temperature and humidity conditions that can be used to determine whether the room is in a comfortable condition or not. In this study, the reference used is the 2001 Indonesian National Standard on Procedures for Designing Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems in Buildings.
Hydrogen Production using Aluminum-Water Reaction and Electrolysis with Ultrasonic Wave Agitation
Authors: Risanti D D , Taufiqulkhakim M , Fadhilah N , Arifianto D
Published: December 2023

The utilization of hydrogen as a clean fuel technology holds great promise in reducing carbon emissions and advancing towards a sustainable energy future. In this study, ultrasonic waves were used in aluminum-water reaction to increase hydrogen production. The aluminum-water reaction was carried out at five NaOH concentrations, namely 0.3M, 0.5M, 0.75M, 1M, and 2M. The aluminum used is aluminum scrap. The hydrogen production rate is significantly increased due to the ultrasonic agitation of 48 kHz in the water-aluminum reaction. Ultrasound produces reaction residue particles that are more porous, according to SEM images. A more pronounced boehmite (AlOOH) phase rather than bayerite (Al(OH)3) phase is observed from the reaction product according to XRD and FTIR characterizations. This shows that ultrasonic agitation speeds up the reaction so that the water temperature rises more than it would have otherwise. However, in electrolysis, this impact is less pronounced because ultrasound can only lower the overpotential value and little improvement is shown in the rate at which hydrogen is produced.
Investigation of Best QSPR-Based Machine Learning Model to Predict Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Pyridine-Quinoline Compounds
Authors: Akrom Muhamad , Sutojo Totok , Pertiwi Ayu , Rustad Supriadi , Kresno Dipojono Hermawan
Published: December 2023

Corrosion is a major concern for the industrial and academic sectors because it causes significant losses in many fields. Currently, there is a great deal of interest in the topic of material damage control using organic chemicals. Pyridine and quinoline are potential corrosion inhibitors because they are non-toxic, inexpensive, and efficient in various corrosive conditions. Experimental studies in searching for candidate corrosion inhibitor candidates require a lot of time, cost, and labor intensive. Using a machine learning (ML) strategy based on a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model, we evaluate gradient boosting regressor (GBR), support vector regression (SVR), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms as predictive models to investigate corrosion inhibition efficiency (CIE) of pyridine-quinoline compounds in this study. We found that the GBR model, when compared with the SVR and KNN models as well as models from the literature for the pyridine-quinoline compound dataset, has the best predictive performance based on the metric coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Overall, our study provides a new perspective on how the ML model can estimate the effectiveness of corrosion prevention on iron surfaces by organic inhibitor compounds.
Design of IoT-based portable digital wind speed and wind direction measuring tools
Authors: Soehartanto T , Setiantoro R Y
Published: December 2023

A wind speed meter currently can only read wind speed without knowing the type of wind, so a feature that can read the type of wind will be embedded, and a wind vane sensor will be added to detect wind direction. In this research, a wind speed measuring instrument was made using an anemometer cup mounted with an optocoupler sensor to convert rotary motion into wind speed, and wind direction using a wind vane mounted with a hall effect sensor to determine the wind’s direction. The test results of the wind vane sensor were correction of 0, 100% accuracy, measurement range of 0° – 315°, span of 315°, resolution of 45°, and sensitivity of 0.14. The anemometer sensor readings have an average error of 2.007%, an accuracy of 97.93%, a range of 0 – 40.72 m/s, a span of 40.72, a resolution of 0.01 m/s, and a sensitivity of 0.00024. On May 3 2023 at 13.35 – 14.00 WIB, database testing results were obtained in the form of sensor reading data. The data sending tests that have been carried out have resulted in real-time data sending with a sending speed of <1 second, and the GUI can display menus and data from sensors.
Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle from Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) dust prepared by hydrothermal method via hydroxide precipitation
Authors: Nulhakim L , Zuryawan F , Rozana M , Astuti W
Published: December 2023

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) dust is a type of metallurgical solid waste that is produced as a by-product of steel manufacturing and contains important metals such as zinc (Zn). Processing Zn from EAF dust into metal oxides such as zinc oxide (ZnO) is critical for a variety of applications. The hydrothermal technique of extracting Zn from EAF dust uses hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a leaching agent and sodium oxide (NaOH) as a precipitating reagent. In this study, the process begins with leaching using HCl 3 M at a temperature of 80 °C for 5 hours. The product is then filtered to separate the Zn and other components in the EAF dust. The method is then continuing for precipitation using NaOH 10% as a precipitating agent. Then, initiating the hydrothermal process with time variations of 1, 3, and 6 hours and temperatures of 120 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C. The UV-Vis characterization result showed that the absorbance value was around 365 nm, which is typical of ZnO. The XRF analysis demonstrated an increase in the presence of ZnO compound. The XRD results showed that as the hydrothermal temperature and duration increased, so did the crystallinity in ZnO. The results shown that ZnO nanoparticles can be prepared from EAF dust as a raw material using the hydrothermal technique via hydroxide precipitation.
Synchronization and chaos control in coupled Non-identical systems: application in Wind Turbine-Grid coupled power systems
Authors: Ebobenow J , Itarngoh N P , Daoudi M , Arreyndip N A
Published: December 2023

The increasing number of renewable energy systems coupled to the grid can lead to electrical energy losses when the currents or voltages of the two systems are not synchronized. Many mathematical models have investigated the phenomenon of synchronization in coupled systems. Here, we mathematically model the dynamics of a wind turbine-grid coupled system as a periodically driven Duﬃng resonator coupled to a Van der Pol oscillator with both position and velocity coupling. We consider the fluctuating nature of the wind as the only external driving force. We integrate the coupled system of equations under different coupling strengths and driven frequencies using the Runge-Kutta method of order 4(RK4). The result suggests that synchronization can be achieved at higher coupling strengths even with small values of the driven frequencies than at lower coupling strengths. At higher values of the driven frequency, the system exhibits chaotic behavior for both strong and weak couplings but with synchronization maintained only for the strong coupling case. Our results suggest chaos and synchronization can be controlled in this system by turning appropriate parameters.
Measurement-based Auralisation to Predict Room Acoustics Quality of a Large Mosque with a Pyramid-Shaped Ceiling in Bandar Lampung
Authors: Ikhwanuddin R , Sherly AF , Sari EP , Drantantiyas NGD
Published: December 2023

Acoustic standards in mosques are available, but most people have a lack of understanding of these measures. Auralisation is an audio technology that uses impulse responses, dry sounds and convolution software to create authentic auditory experiences. In Indonesia, objective room acoustic parameters are still unknown and the potential of auralisation is underexplored. The study aims to predict acoustic quality and people’s preference for auralisation in a pyramid-shaped ceiling using field measurements and subjective ratings. The methodology includes pre-survey, RIR measurement, dry sound recording, auralisation, and subjective surveys. Background noise, T30, D50, and C80 were measured, while auralised samples of lectures and Quran recitations were evaluated. Respondents’ preferences generally correlated with T30, especially D50 (47%) for lectures and C80 (44%) for Quran recitations. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the interplay between subjective preferences and objective measurements and suggests that these parameters can predict acoustic quality in pyramid-shaped dome mosques, paving the way for better design practices and improved listening experiences.
Investigation on the effect of ZnO/PbO exchange on Physical and Optical Properties of Tellurite Sodium Bismuth Zinc doped Lead Oxide Glasses
Authors: Sutomo A D , Marzuki A , Harjana  , Purwanto H , Ramelan A H , Fausta D E , Wibowo K M , Astuti R W , Rahmawati A N , Alvyanti F A , Oktafiani R
Published: December 2023

New tellurite glasses having compositions: 60TeO2-(35-x)ZnO-3Bi2O3-2Na2O-x PbO and 55TeO2-(41-x)ZnO-2Bi2O3-2Na2O-x PbO where x = 0 and 0.5 mol% were fabricated and characterised in order to study the effect of substitution of PbO by ZnO. Density measurement was carried out by applying Archimides principle, that is by using pycnometer. Refractive index measurement was carried out by applying Brewster angle method, at which the intensity change in transversed magnetic light (λ = 632.5 nm) was recorded. From the experiment it can be shown that the glass density increses with the increse of PbO concentration, for the first glasses it change from 5.71 to 5.74 gr/cm3 while for the later it change from 5.85 to 5.87 cm3. Their molar volumes, however, behave inversely. Refractive index change due to this compostional change behave in same manner as density, refractive index increses with the increase of PbO content. Refractive indexes of the first pair are 1.89 and 1.93, respectively, while the later are 1.88 and 1.95, rspetively. Based on these findings, each pairs is a potential candidate for fabricating fiber optic at which the lower index is for cladding material while the higher index for core material.
Influence of B2O3/ZnO Exchange in Gamma Shielding Properties of TBTZ Glasses
Authors: Purwanto H , Marzuki A , Sutomo A D , Harjana  , Ramelan A H , Fausta D E , Astuti R W , Rahmawati A N , Alvyanti F A , Oktafiani R
Published: December 2023

A series of tellurite glass having compositions: 60 TeO2 – (30-x) B2O3 – 7 TiO2 – (3+x) ZnO where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mol% were successfully facbricated, i.e., by applying the melt-quenching method. Melting was carried out at 950˚C in 70 minutes. The density of all the investigated glasses were calculated using an empirical equation. The density of TBTZ increases from 4.005 to 4.197 g/cm3 with rising ZnO concentration. It can be understood that density enhancement is due to an improvement in glass molecular weight. Whereas, gamma shielding properties of the glasses was simulated using Phy-X/PSD software for photon energy in the range 0.005 – 15 MeV. Linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and half-value layer (HVL) are obtained and discussed. It was shown that LAC increase and HVL decrease within all gamma photon energies within alteration of ZnO concentration. The increase and decreation vary and depend on gamma photon energy. Identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both. (boro-tellurite glass, linear attenuation coefficients, Half Value Layer, Gamma Shielding, radiation shielding)
Assessments of Mean Reflectance Surface Exitance and Contrast in a Museum: Comparison Between Simulation, Calculation and Field Measurements
Authors: Nurhuda T , Monty A Z , Apriani S , Mangkuto R A
Published: December 2023

Museums are artistic centers that attract people as tourist destinations, allowing them to appreciate art, and learn about history, culture, society, and science. The visual presentation of museum spaces is crucial in enhancing the appeal to visitors. It is closely tied to visual appearance and ambient illumination of the space, which can be represented by Mean Room Surface Exitance (MRSE). The objectives of this research are to determine the lighting specifications in exhibition spaces by considering lighting metrics, including MRSE and contrast, and to compare the MRSE values obtained from the calculation, simulation, and measurements from field experiments. The findings of this research indicate that the type of luminaire that can be used is a spotlight with a TAIR (Target-to-Ambient Illuminance Ratio (TAIR) of 3:1 or higher, particularly if the object needs to appear brighter than its surroundings. The error between the experimental and simulated results with the DIALux evo simulation tool was relatively low at 1.4%. However, the error between the experimental results and the calculated results was relatively high, at 25.25%, which is caused by the TAIR factor. The lowest contrast error was obtained for the displayed statue, with a 4% error in the calculation method and 0% error in the simulation method. The highest contrast error was obtained for the wall, with a 66% error in the simulation method due to differences in the room size of the simulation model and the actual space.
Modeling and Optimizing Cellulose Extraction from Rice Straw using HCl
Authors: Krisnayana R , Biyanto T R , Nugroho G
Published: December 2023

Until now, the biggest energy supply has come from fossils. The use of energy sources derived from fossils is increasingly avoided because it causes the greenhouse effect. In addition, the availability of energy from fossil sources is dwindling, even far from being sufficient for needs. This is what causes the need for renewable energy sources. Indonesia has the greatest potential for renewable energy sources, namely biomass. In Indonesia, the biomass with the largest harvested area is rice, so rice straw has the potential to be a source of renewable energy. The process of forming liquid fuel derived from rice straw requires high temperatures. We propose a process of converting rice straw into liquid fuel under mild conditions. This process requires several stages. The first step is to extract cellulose from rice straw. This process uses HCl. Variations of HCl used in this study were 1%, 3%, 5%, 6% and 9%. The temperature variations used are 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C and 120°C. From the experiments, it is known that the extracted cellulose content is higher when using higher temperatures. In addition, from the experiment, the result was that the more HCl, the less cellulose content obtained. From this experiment, a model was made, namely cellulose content = 33.001 + 0.03738 x temperature – 0.2639 x HCl content. The model is verified and validated using Hysys and compares the output from Hysys with the experimental output which produces a maximum error of 4.74%. Then to get the maximum cellulose content, optimization is carried out. The optimization methods used are graphical, genetic algorithms, and PSO. These three methods gave corresponding results, namely a maximum 37% cellulose content at 120°C using 1% HCl.
Temperature Sensor Integration into the Node-RED Platform for Transformer Monitoring
Authors: Nugraha H , Hermawan A D , Mulya M A J , Firmansyah I , Suryadi
Published: December 2023

Transformers must be continuously monitored to guarantee dependable and effective performance. The combination of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and sophisticated data processing systems opens up new possibilities for improved transformer monitoring in this context. To enable real-time monitoring of transformer conditions, this study focuses on the integration of IoT temperature sensors into the Node-RED platform. The suggested method gathers temperature information from several locations inside the scale laboratory transformer using IoT temperature sensors. The Node-RED platform receives the collected data and processes, analyzes, and visualizes it in real time. Comprehensive monitoring is made possible by the platform, allowing operators to quickly identify any unusual temperature swings or potential problems inside the transformer. For older transformers built with normal Kraft paper, the rated hot spot temperature is either 90°C according to IEEE or 97°C according to IEC. The Node-RED platform’s incorporation of IoT devices not only provides real-time monitoring capabilities but also offers the flexibility to implement predictive maintenance strategies. By harnessing the power of data analytics and visualization, operators can make informed decisions to optimize transformer performance, extend its lifespan, and minimize downtime. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the IoT temperature sensor integration into the Node-RED platform for laboratory transformer monitoring. Based on the measurement winding temperature at the transformer has reached 90 ˚C at full load, and then the system starts to activate the blower to cool the transformer. The approach contributes to the advancement of transformer management practices, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of critical energy infrastructure.
Preliminary study on the man-made habitat of Utricularia gibba L. in the tropical peatland environment
Authors: Lovadi I , Ifadatin S , Andarisko B
Published: December 2023

Utricularia gibba L. is a free-floating aquatic carnivorous plant found in some parts of the world, including Asian tropical regions. However, data on water’s physical and chemical properties for the ecology of this species in Asian tropical peatland environments are underrepresented in the literature. Here, we reported water physical and chemical properties for the habitat of U. gibba occurring in the tropical peatland of Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. The study site is on the man-made water canal in Jalan Parit Haji Muksin II, Kubu Raya Regency, Kalimantan Barat. We measured temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrates, and nitrite of the waters at three points along the water canal where the bladderworts occur. The results showed that U. gibba inhabits waters with low conductivity (< 66 µS cm-1), low TDS (< 32 ppm), acidic (< pH 6), low DO (< 8 mg L-1), but higher total nitrogen (7.02 – 19.4 mg L-1), total phosphorus (0.86 – 1.71 mg L-1), nitrates (3.01 – 4.06 mg L-1) and nitrite (3.53 – 5.18 mg L-1). These findings demonstrate that U. gibba in tropical peatland environments reportedly occurs in acidic (pH 5.03 – 5.29) but relatively high nutrient habitats compared to its counterpart and other species found elsewhere.
Health impact reduction strategy design due to pesticide exposure
Authors: Muslim Azhari , Dadang  , Indrasti Nastiti Siswi , Syaukat Yusman
Published: December 2023

This study aims to formulate priority strategies for reducing health impacts due to pesticide exposure in red onion farmers. The research was conducted in Brebes District, Wanasari District, and Jatibarang District, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province. The collected data is analyzed for prioritization based on criteria and strategies set with a hierarchical and priority model. The process of completing the Analytical Hierarchy Process method in this study was carried out with the software Expert Choice 11. The results showed that the pairwise comparison assessment on alternatives was a technological improvement with a weight of 0.475; Improved regulation with a weight of 0.329 and increased knowledge, attitude, and practice with a weight of 0.196. This shows that technology related to reducing health impacts needs to be regulated separately considering the high number of health problems due to pesticide exposure.
Comparison of social capital of different community forest managements and their impact on community participation in the Social Forestry (SF) Program in Indonesia
Authors: Situmorang R O P
Published: December 2023

Social Forestry (SF) Program is a sustainable forest management implemented in different management types by community forest organizations (CFOs) in Indonesia, namely collective and individual management types. This study aimed (1) to compare the social capital of different management types of the SF program; and, (2) to evaluate the relationship between social capital and community participation. The study was carried out in four CFOs in four villages in North Sumatra Province from 2019 to 2020.The data were collected from 73 respondents from the collective type and 113 respondents from the individual type. T-test was used to evaluate the social capital of the different management types, while the relationship between social capital and participation was evaluated by multiple regression analysis. This study found that the CFOs that implement a collective management possess a better social capital compared to an individual management. The collective management has more intensive meetings that can increase social interactions. The collective management also possess the wider networks and the more varied community activities that improve the social capital of the CFOs. The community features such as the more homogenous communities and the smaller size of the collective type communities may cause the stronger social capital of SF groups. Furthermore, social capital significantly influences community participation in the SF program. For the collective type, social interaction, trust, reciprocity, and leadership are the determinant factors that can improve community participation. In contrast, for the collective type, they are only social interaction, trust, and reciprocity.
Strategies for improving community participation in Mangrove Ecosystem Conservation in Teluk Kupang Coastal Areas (A case study of Nunkurus and Oeteta Villages)
Authors: Koda Sari Hauliah Ahmad
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that influence the level of participation of coastal communities in the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem and to develop strategies to increase their involvement. Qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted using observation and direct observation of community behavior in the field to determine community participation and the factors affecting it. The SWOT method was also used to identify appropriate strategies for increasing community participation. The research found that income, education, and length of residence in the coastal area were the factors that influenced community participation. The level of participation varied between the two locations, with Nunkurus village exhibiting passive participation and Oeteta village showing self-mobilization participation. Based on the SWOT analysis, various strategies were identified to enhance community participation in Teluk Kupang, including increasing awareness and education on the importance of the mangrove ecosystem, providing economic incentives for community members to engage in sustainable activities, establishing a community-based management system for the mangrove forest, encouraging participation in regular monitoring and evaluation of the mangrove ecosystem, and forming partnerships between government agencies, NGOs, and local communities. By adopting these strategies, the participation of the coastal community in preserving the mangrove ecosystem can be improved and the conservation efforts will become more effective.
Design of sustainable electronic waste management business process transformation towards circular economy transition in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Soesanto H , Maarif M S , Anwar S , Yurianto Y
Published: December 2023

E-waste or electronic waste management in developing countries still needs to catch up with developed countries. One of the challenges of electronic waste management in developing countries is its sustainability. Electronic waste management’s sustainability is essential for developing countries’ regional development. One of the promising concepts for developing sustainability for e-waste is the circular economy (CE). However, this requires mapping of e-waste management business processes. There needs to be more research on the business processes of e-waste management in developing countries toward CE transition, for example, Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to design a business process transformation for sustainable e-waste management in Jakarta, Indonesia. We conducted this research using Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN). Our results give a new proposed business process for e-waste management. The new e-waste management business process is expected to improve efficiency and quality. This study will help policymakers and professionals to implement a better e-waste management system, especially in developing countries.
Spatio-temporal analysis of river water pollution levels in the Angke-Pesanggrahan watershed
Authors: Prayoga G , Zainalarifin J , Mufawwaz TA , Firmansyah FS , Rizal H , Mursalin  , Effendi H , Liyantono  , Panggabean GT , Supalal YA , Rahmawati  , Samputra NRAR
Published: December 2023

River water is an important part of people’s lives, both in quantity and quality. Various utilizations will influence the decline in water quality, especially from household, industrial, and solid waste or garbage disposal. One of the watersheds affected by this anthropogenic influence is the Angke-Pesanggrahan watershed in Jakarta Province. The study was conducted at 31 observation points of several rivers, such as the Angke, Sekertaris, Sepak, Mookervart, Grogol, Cengkareng, Kamal, and Pesanggrahan Rivers. This study aims to analyze the water pollution level spatio-temporal for eight periods in 2021-2022. The dynamics of the pollution level are analyzed by the Pollution Index (PI) using water physical-chemical-biological parameters. The pollution level in each river was then mapped using ArcGIS software. The pollution level of this watershed was light to heavily polluted (PI value of 4.13-19.34). The status of river water quality in almost all rivers is likely to be worse in 2022 than in 2021. High pollution levels are generally found in almost all rivers, especially the Sekertaris and Sepak Rivers. Pesanggrahan River has a better status, with an average PI of 8.06 (moderately polluted). Parameters often do not meet quality standards: color, TSS, ammonia, free chlorine, H2S, BOD, COD, DO, nitrite, MBAS, fecal coliform, and total coliform. Pollution in the watershed needs to be resolved by involving local stakeholders, implementing communal WWTP, applying for stricter wastewater discharge permits, and continuously educating and empowering the community on sustainable river management.
The relationship between peak ground acceleration and landform for earthquake hazard assessment in Bulukumba Regency
Authors: Ahmad D N A , Tarigan S D , Tjahjono B , Sitanggang I S , Sakti H H
Published: December 2023

The location of Bulukumba Regency, which is traversed by the Walanae Fault, indicates that this area has the potential for earthquakes. The potential for this earthquake is also reinforced by the condition of the Bulukumba Regency landform, which is composed of landforms of volcanic and tectonic origin. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hazard potential of the earthquake through the peak ground acceleration approach and to analyze the relationship between the landform and the peak ground acceleration value in Bulukumba Regency. The methods used in this study are statistical methods, descriptive qualitative, and spatial analysis. The results of this study indicate that the value of peak ground acceleration (PGA) in Bulukumba Regency based on the earthquake historical report for the period 1921-2023 is 67-121 gal. The PGA value, at 67-88 gal with low hazard criteria, is a site on the land from the volcanic process. The PGA value, at 89-121 gal with low hazard criteria, is a site on the land from structural and fluvial processes. Output of this research be expected can become input for the revision of spatial plan in Bulukumba Regency.
Abundance and Composition of Solid Waste in the Citarum River, West Java Province
Authors: Zainalarifin J , Effendi H , Taryono
Published: December 2023

The Citarum River is the longest and largest river in West Java and is widely used by the community for various purposes. One of the problems that occurs in rivers is the generation of solid waste that flows into the river. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the abundance and composition of solid waste on the surface of a river during a certain period. The study was conducted from April to June and August to November 2021. Sampling was carried out once a month with three repetitions, namely morning, noon, and evening, at the five sampling stations. Station locations were divided based on the type of flow, namely, on the mainstream of the Citarum River and tributary streams. The sampling of solid waste is carried out using a frame pocket net (FPN) shaped like a net to capture solid waste that flows on the surface of the river. The highest waste abundance was 0.1569 kg/m3· h in the urban areas. The type of waste that dominated the river was organic waste, which reached 62.8%. Other types of solid waste found were macroplastics, hazardous and toxic materials, metals, rubber, textiles, and paper. Solid waste management needs to be carried out based on the area and is sustainable, and can be pursued by implementing 3R (reuse, reduction, and recycling).
Heath forest identification using remote sensing in the surrounding area of the new capital city of Indonesia
Authors: Nisaa R M , Sari U K , Sulistioadi Y B
Published: December 2023

The construction of Indonesia’s new capital city, Nusantara, is envisioned as a forest city that heavily relies on biodiversity. One of the forest ecosystem types surrounding the Nusantara landscape is the heath forest ecosystem, also known as Kerangas. Heath forest is a rare and extreme habitat, thriving in nutrient-poor environments characterized by low pH, quartz sand soil, and podsol soil. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the heath forest in East Kalimantan, particularly in the Nusantara region. This research aims to map the location and characteristics of the heath forest in the surrounding area of Nusantara, specifically in Penajam Paser Utara Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. The creation of a tentative heath forest map requires four parameters: elevation, soil texture, NDVI, and a land cover map. Landsat 9 imagery was employed to conduct unsupervised classification and generate a land cover map. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was also applied as an image transformation. The parameters were then overlaid using Geographic Information System (GIS) with a binary model. The results indicate that the heath forest covers an area of 56,646 hectares, representing 23% of the total Nusantara area, while the non-heath forest covers 194,610 hectares. The heath forest tentative map aligns with the RePPProT (Regional Physical Planning Project for Transmigration) land system map. Kerangas forests exhibit unique vegetation types, characterized by stunted trees, shrubs, and various epiphytes. Due to the nutrient-poor soil conditions, the vegetation in heath forests is typically sparse and of low height.
Nutrient release from decomposition of A. mangium and Nephrolepis sp. litter
Authors: Oktariani P , Hadiwijaya D D , Sumawinata B , Djajakirana G
Published: December 2023

In agricultural activities, fertilization is important. However, in some cases, plants can grow well without continuous fertilization. This due to the influence of plant litter and the presence of undergrowth which is a source of organic matter that supplies nutrients to the soil. The objectives of this study were to know the dynamic of nutrient release from litter decomposition and to find out the amount of nutrient content provided by decomposition of A. mangium and Nephrolepis sp. litter. Fresh litter of A. mangium and Nephrolepis sp. were put in the open area in a 0.2 m2 container with a water tank underneath. The leachate was taken every week, then the macro and micronutrients were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the nutrients in the litter were released gradually through the leaching process from the first week of experiment. This indicates that since the beginning of decomposition process, the nutrients released can be used by plants. The highest nutrient released was potassium equivalent to 76.1 kg K ha−1year−1 for A. mangium and 114.7 kg K ha−1year−1 for Nephrolepis sp. Thus, the presence of litter and undergrowth has the potential to be used as fertilizer and contribute to providing nutrients for plants.
Non-destructive detection of tree deterioration due to termite attack in plant conservation areas
Authors: Rachmadiyanto A N , Helmanto H , Himmi S K , Tarmadi D , Wikantyoso B , Yusuf S , Kurniawati F , Mahmudin  , Sunandar D , Suherman D , Haryanto A P
Published: December 2023

Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG) is an ex-situ conservation area in tropical highlands. Termites are one of the nuisance organisms in the collection that have conservation value. The number of attacks and the intensity of termite attacks require more strict attention. The main problem in tree health analysis is the difficulty in detecting internal weathering due to attacks by wood-destroying organisms which causes damage to the tree’s core (heart rot) and butt rot. Arborsonic is a tool used and developed to detect and assess tree damage, especially to the trunk. This study aimed to analyze the deterioration of the main trunk of a living tree with visual signs of termite attack using a non-destructive method. Termite observation plots were made in 4 replications to determine the type of termites that attack. Observations on termite baits in 4 plots showed no attack on the baits. Observations on 12 sample trees tested in 4 plots showed low-intensity damage. Visual signs of termite attack can be used as a sign of wood decay, but the effect is minor.
Spatial and temporal variation of land surface temperature (LST) in the Kandy District of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rashmika Nawarathna B N , Nianthi Rekha , Subasinghe S I S
Published: December 2023

In Sri Lanka, there is a considerable increase in the average annual LST in the city of Colombo, and it might have occurred in the city of Kandy as well. Increases in LST can affect to many issues. Research on LST is useful for green city planning and policymaking for development in urban areas. This study examined the spatial and temporal variation of LST in the Kandy District in 1996 and 2017. Geospatial tools such as remote sensing and GIS were used to analyse data. Landsat satellite data has been collected by the United States Geological Survey. The NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI were used to classify the different land uses and to find out the relationships between LST. The mean LST was increased by 2.36°C in 2017 compared to 1996. The LST was higher in the City of Kandy in 2017 than in 1996. The Eastern part of the Kandy was slightly higher in 2017 than in 1996. There is a significant negative correlation (α=0.01) between LST and NDVI. The NDBI increased by 0.11 in 2017, compared to 1996 and spread into suburb areas. The significant strong relationship between NDBI and LST was identified. The lack of satellite images is one of the serious barriers to analysing the LST. Land-use changes, increased build-up areas and decreases in vegetation and water bodies have affected to rise in land surface temperature in the Kandy. The future land use planning should be considered to mitigate the effects of LST in Kandy City.