bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Multiple Intelligences pada Materi Bangun Ruang Kelas VIII
Authors: Wahyuni Nurmeli , Yuberta Kurnia Rahmi , Huda Ummul
Published: February 2025

Students at UPTD SMPN 3 Payakumbuh have a variety of dominant intelligences, but the implementation of learning and available learning resources have not been able to accommodate the multiple intelligences possessed by students. So additional learning resources are needed that are student-centred and can optimize the multiple intelligences of students. This research aims to produce valid and practical Multiple Intelligences-based LKPD on flat-sided geometric material. This development research uses a 3D model, namely the definition stage (observation and interviews with teachers and students, syllabus and lesson plans, analysis of learning analysis sources, student characteristics, as well as LKPD literature based on Multiple Intelligences), design stage, and development analysis stage (validity and practicality). The instruments used were validation sheets and student response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using validity analysis and practicality analysis. The research results show that the Multiple Intelligences-based LKPD is very valid with a percentage of 88.69% and very practical with a percentage of 84.94%.
 
Peserta didik UPTD SMPN 3 Kecamatan Payakumbuh memiliki perbedaan kecerdasan majemuk yang dominan, namun pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan sumber belajar yang tersedia belum mampu mengakomodir berbagai kecerdasan tersebut dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran matematika. Sehingga diperlukan sumber belajar tambahan yang berpusat kepada peserta didik dan dapat mengoptimalkan kecerdasan majemuk yang dimiliki peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan LKPD berbasis multiple intelligences pada materi bangun ruang yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model 4D, yaitu define/pendefinisian (observasi dan wawancara dengan guru dan peserta didik, analisis silabus dan RPP, analisis sumber belajar, analisis karakteristik peserta didik, serta analisis literatur LKPD berbasis multiple intelligences), tahap design/perancangan dan tahap development/pengembangan (uji validitas dan uji praktikalitas), namun tidak melakukan tahap dissemination/penyebaran. Data lembar validasi dan angket respon peserta didik dianalisis menggunakan uji validitas dan uji praktikalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis multiple intelligences pada materi bangun ruang sangat valid dengan persentase 88,69%, dan sangat praktis dengan persentase 84,94%.
Model Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) Untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa
Authors: Ridho Saputra Muhammad , Yulia  , Fajriah Wina
Published: February 2025

The creative mathematical thinking abilities of 9th-grade students at SMP N 1 2x11 Enam Lingkung are lacking. This is evident in their difficulty generating multiple ideas and struggling to find solutions when tackling exercise questions. Introducing the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model is proposed as a potential solution to this issue. This study aims to compare the mathematical creative thinking skills of 9th-grade students at SMP N 1 2x11 Enam Lingkung who are exposed to the CPS learning model. Using a Quasi-Experimental design, specifically a Randomized Control Group Only Design, the study selects class IX.A as the experimental group and class IX.E as the control group. The results of this study obtained the average score of mathematical creative thinking ability in the experimental class (CPS) which was 78.125, while in the control class with scientific learning, it was 68.125. From the data processing of students' mathematical creative thinking skills, it was carried out through a t-test, so that, .= 6.3192 while in df = 62 with a confidence level of 95%   was obtained. 1.99. Because of, . 6.3192 >  . 1.99. Therefore, it is concluded that the mathematical creative thinking ability of students by applying the CPS type cooperative learning model is higher than the mathematical creative thinking ability of students with scientific learning
 
Kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas IX SMP N 1 2x11 Enam Lingkung belum berkembang dengan baik. Hal ini ditunjukkan saat siswa menjawab soal latihan yang diberikan siswa belum mampu menghasilkan banyak ide dan tidak lancar dalam menemukan solusi. Menerapkan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas IX di SMP N 1 2x11 Enam Lingkung yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran CPS. Jenis penelitian ini adalah True Experiment, dan desain Randomized Control Grup Only Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX dan sampel terpilih kelas IX.A untuk eksperimen dan kelas IX.E untuk kontrol.  Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis kelas eksperimen (CPS) yaitu 78,125, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran saintifik yaitu 68,125. Dari pengolahan data kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dilakukan melalui uji-t, sehingga diperoleh = 6,3192 sedangkan pada df = 62 dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% diperoleh  1,99. Karena  6,3192 >  1,99. sehingga disimpulkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe CPS lebih tinggi daripada kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dengan pembelajaran saintifik
Modul Herediter Noether dan Prima (HNP) Dari Modul Sederhana Chen A_`
Authors: Risnawita  , Savoji Fatemeh , Dwi Devi Wulandari
Published: February 2025

Let K be a  field and  is  line graph with infinite path.  Let L is a Leavitt path algebra with correspondence with graph E. Suppose   is a module over ring  (written- module , a module  is considered to be hereditary if all its submodules are projective. A module  is called a Noetherian module if   is a finitely generated module. Suppose M is a left module over the gelanggang  (written - module  ). A proper submodule of  is said to be prime if  with    and  implies  or  . In this  paper we will look at the characteristics of the hereditary nooetherian and prime  modules in the context of Leavitt path algebra.  Let L is a Leavitt path algebra, where E is a line graphs with infinite path and M is a module over Leavitt path algebra L, we find that then M is simple modules which is hereditary noetherian and not prime modules.
 
 
Misalkan  adalah suatu lapangan dan merupakan graf garis yang lintasannya tak terhingga. Misalkan  adalah aljabar lintasan Leavitt yang berkorespondensi dengan graf  Misalkan adalah modul di atas gelanggang (ditulis -modul ), modul  dikatakan herediter jika semua submodulnya bersifat proyektif. Modul M disebut modul Noetherian jika  adalah modul yang dibangun secara hingga. Misalkan adalah modul kiri atas gelanggang  (ditulis -modul ). Suatu submodul sejati dari  dikatakan prima jika  dengan  dan  mengakibatkan  atau . Dalam tulisan ini kita akan melihat karakteristik modul herediter noether dan prima dalam konteks aljabar lintasan Leavitt.  Misalkan adalah aljabar lintasan Leavitt, dengan  adalah graf garis yang memuat lintasan tak berhingga. Dan  adalah modul atas aljabar lintasan Leavitt  kita temukan bahwa M adalah modul sederhana yang merupakan modul herediter Noether dan bukan modul prima.
Pengaruh Locus Of Control Terhadap Kemampuan Eksplorasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Hafizah  , Assidiqy Hasby , Gadih Ranti Mayang
Published: February 2025

Mathematical exploration ability is an important ability to have nowadays. Various factors are thought to influence a person's mathematical exploration ability, both from a cognitive and affective aspects. One of the affective aspects that affect one's learning achievement is locus of control. This study aims to investigate whether there is an influence of locus of control on mathematical exploration ability of grade XI students of MAN 4 Banjar. The research method used is correlational research. Population of this research is all students of class XI MAN 4 Banjar which amounted to 102 students, while the research sample is one of class XI which amounted to 34 students. The data collection techniques used were tests and questionnaires using mathematical exploration ability test instrument and locus of control questionnaire. The statistical test used is simple regression analysis. The results showed that the locus of control of the XI grade students of MAN 4 Banjar was in the moderate category. Likewise, the mathematical exploration ability of students is in the medium category as well. Simple regression analysis  test results show that there is an effect of locus of control on the students' mathematical exploration ability.
 
Kemampuan eksplorasi matematis merupakan kemampuan yang penting untuk dimiliki saat ini. Berbagai faktor diduga mempengaruhi kemampuan eksplorasi matematis seseorang, baik dari segi kognitif dan afektif. Salah satu aspek afektif yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar seseorang adalah locus of control. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti apakah ada pengaruh locus of control terhadap kemampuan eksplorasi matematis siswa kelas XI MAN 4 Banjar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MAN 4 Banjar yang berjumlah 102 siswa, sedangkan sampel penelitiannya adalah salah satu kelas XI yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan angket menggunakan instrumen tes kemampuan eksplorasi matematis dan angket locus of control. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan locus of control siswa kelas XI MAN 4 Banjar berada pada kategori sedang. Begitu juga dengan kemampuan eksplorasi matematis siswa berada pada kategori sedang pula. Hasil uji regresi linier menunjukkan ada pengaruh locus of control terhadap kemampuan eksplorasi matematis siswa
An Investigation Of Best Practice On Students' Mathematical Communication Using Presentation Boards
Authors: Sasongko Luddy Bambang , Lefrida Rita
Published: February 2025

Tulisan ini merupakan best practice yang dilakukan di SMA Model Madani Palu. Sebelumnya alur pembelajaran yang dilakukan yaitu mengerjakan tugas dibuku, menuliskan di papan tulis dan  dan mempresentasikan dengan membacakan hasilnya. Kemudian ditemukan media papan presentasi yang sederhana dan inovatif. Selain itu biaya untuk membuat papan presentasi relative murah. Media ini dapat dipergunakan berulang-ulang karena ditulis dengan spidol dan dapat dihapus.  Metode yang dilakukan, siswa menuliskan pekerjaannya pada papan presentasi. Penggunaan media ini dapat menggali komunikasi matematis siswa, karena siswa terlatih menyampaikan dan menuliskan langsung hasil yang diperoleh. Hal ini diperkuat berdasarkan hasil pengisian angket bahwa penggunaan papan presentasi (1) dapat memotivasi siswa sehingga terlibat dalam menjawab soal atau selama kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas, (2) memberanikan diri tampil kerja/tugas yang diberikan di kelas, (3) merasa tertantang untuk mengerjakan tugas matematika yang diberikan karena kolaborasi (4) Menyelesaikan tugas-tugas dalam pembelajaran ini membuat siswa merasa puas terhadap hasil yang mereka capai, (5) Siswa terlibat aktif dalam kelompok, (6) berani menyampaikan ide gagasan secara tertulis dan lisan dan(7)  melakukan suatu hal lebih detailsi.
 
This study aims to investigate the best practice of mathematical communication carried out at SMA Model Madani Palu. In mathematical communication, the learning flow was conducted by doing assignments in books, writing on the board, and presenting the results through reading. Then, a media in the form of presentation board which is simple and innovative was found. In addition, the cost of making a presentation board is relatively cheap. This media can be used repeatedly because it is written with erasable markers. The method used, students write their work on the presentation board The use of this media is expected to be able to explore students' mathematical communication as they are trained to convey and write down the results obtained directly on it. This statement is reinforced by the results of the questionnaire that was disseminated in this study. From this study, it was found that the use of a presentation board (1) can motivate students to be involved in answering questions or during learning activities in class, (2) make students to be braver to perform work/assignments given in class, (3) challenge students to work on the given collaborative mathematical assignments, (4) make students feel satisfied by completing the assignments, (5) involve students in a group, (6) make students dare to convey ideas in writing or orally, and (7) encourage students to do something more detailed.
English As A Second Language Acquisition From School Activities and Online Video Games
Authors: Auliya Rohmah Nurul
Published: February 2025

Psycholinguistics is the study of mental processes involved in producing and understanding language, as well as the mechanisms through which humans acquire it. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) examines how individuals learn a language other than their mother tongue. In this context, a second language (L2) refers to any non-primary or additional language, regardless of its numerical order of acquisition. This study investigates how English, as a second language, is acquired through elementary school activities and online video games, applying Stephen Krashen's theory of SLA. Using a descriptive qualitative research method, data were collected through a phased interview process with 6th-grade elementary students, aged 12. The findings reveal that the respondents acquired 127 English vocabulary items and sentences, primarily from dominant vocabulary used in these two contexts. The results highlight how engagement in both formal educational settings and interactive gaming environments contributes to vocabulary acquisition, underscoring the practical application of Krashen's theory in varied learning environments.
Abstrak
Psikolinguistik adalah studi tentang proses mental yang terlibat dalam memproduksi dan memahami bahasa, serta mekanisme yang digunakan manusia untuk memperoleh bahasa. Akuisisi Bahasa Kedua (Second Language Acquisition/SLA) mempelajari bagaimana individu mempelajari bahasa selain bahasa ibu mereka. Dalam konteks ini, bahasa kedua (L2) mengacu pada bahasa non-primer atau tambahan, tanpa memandang urutan akuisisinya. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua diperoleh melalui kegiatan di sekolah dasar dan video game online, dengan menerapkan teori SLA dari Stephen Krashen. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui proses wawancara bertahap dengan siswa kelas 6 SD yang berusia 12 tahun. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa responden memperoleh 127 kosakata dan kalimat bahasa Inggris, terutama dari kosakata dominan yang digunakan dalam dua konteks tersebut. Hasil ini menyoroti bagaimana keterlibatan dalam lingkungan pendidikan formal dan lingkungan permainan interaktif berkontribusi terhadap perolehan kosakata, menggarisbawahi penerapan praktis teori Krashen dalam lingkungan belajar yang bervariasi.
Kata Kunci: psikolinguistik, pemerolehan bahasa kedua, siswa, kegiatan sekolah, online video games.
Do Sexual Harassment Claimants’ Gender Identity and Race Influence Third-Party Observers’ Assumptions about the Harassment Incident?
Authors: Mezzapelle Jennifer L. , Reiman Anna
Published: February 2025

Sexual harassment research typically focuses on White cisgender women. Are harassment targets who are not White cisgender women perceived similarly? In three preregistered studies, participants (Study 1: N = 442; Study 2: N = 2,088, nationally representative U.S. sample; Study 3: N = 577) read about a formal (Studies 1-2) or informal (Study 3) sexual harassment claim made by a woman whose gender identity (cisgender vs. transgender) and race (Black vs. White) varied. Details about the incident were redacted, and participants wrote about what they thought the harasser had done. These free-response data indicated that cisgender (vs. transgender) women were seen as more likely to have experienced unwanted references to appearance, unwanted sexual attention (in Studies 2-3), or unwanted romantic attention (especially if they were White). Transgender (vs. cisgender) women, regardless of race, were seen as more likely to have experienced gender harassment. The claimant’s race had little systematic effect, suggesting that perceivers are less attentive to the potential impact of race (vs. gender identity) on sexual harassment. People’s inferences about the types of sexual harassment that women are most likely to face can impact the support claimants may receive when they come forward with a sexual harassment claim.
Quantifying the contributions of climate change and adaptation to mortality from unprecedented extreme heat events
Authors: Callahan Christopher , Trok Jared , Wilson Andrew , Gould Carlos , Heft-Neal Sam , Burke Marshall , Diffenbaugh Noah
Published: February 2025

Understanding the mortality effects of the most extreme heat events is central to climate change risk analysis and adaptation decision-making. Accurate representation of these impacts requires accounting for the effects of prolonged sequences of hot days on mortality, the change in that mortality due to anthropogenic forcing, and the potential compensating effects of adaptation to heat. Here, we revisit the August 2003 heat wave in France, a canonical event in a region with rich climate and mortality data, to understand these influences. We find that standard heat mortality exposure-response functions underpredict excess deaths in August 2003 by 60%, but that accounting for the temporally compounding effects of hot days better matches observed mortality. After accounting for compounding effects and applying a machine learning approach to single-event climate attribution, we attribute 6,038 deaths in August 2003 to climate change, ten times higher than previous estimates. Finally, we show that recent adaptation to heat has reduced the projected death tolls of future 2003-like events by more than 80%.
Structuring uncertainty to improve climate change management success
Authors: Arroyo-Santos Alfonso , Bojorquez-Tapia Luis A. , Miquelajauregui Yosune
Published: February 2025

There is a growing concern about the unforeseen negative consequences of climate change. In response, important scholarly efforts have produced valuable frameworks to help decisionmakers construct adaptation plans. Drawing on the success and failures of current adaptation plans, these frameworks have been developed to prevent maladaptations, meaning the unforeseen negative consequences of adaptation plans. We argue that while current frameworks focusing on planning and risk management are crucial, the inherent uncertainty of climate change requires a more nuanced approach. We propose a novel "adaptation grid" that aligns existing frameworks with Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU). This grid leverages insights from current frameworks to structure different kinds of uncertainty and how they impact adaptation planning. Our approach recognizes that adaptation strategies lie on a continuum of success and failure. We advocate for indicators that go beyond success measurement, instead focusing on acceptable degrees of failure, learning from past actions, and identifying early warning signals. By incorporating a richer understanding of uncertainty, DMDU offers a comprehensive cognitive, methodological and theoretical framework for constructing qualitative observations into measurable indicators, imagining alternative futures, and implementing a management-learning system to help us better navigate climate change uncertainties.
Building an Integrative Perspective of Trust by Drawing on Social Attitude Research
Authors: Methner Nicole , Steffens Melanie C. , Bruckmüller Susanne
Published: February 2025

Trust lies at the heart of human interaction and of societies in general. Multiple research fields within and beyond psychology address trust as a research topic. However, even within psychology, different traditions have developed various and sometimes (apparently) contradictory perspectives on trust. This includes such different approaches as trust as choice behavior and trust as evaluation and has led to various inconsistencies in findings and methods. This review reconciles such different approaches, systematizes the heterogeneity of concepts, and raises new questions for future research by approaching trust from a social attitude perspective. Specifically, we suggest drawing parallels to attitude research, as both concepts share core characteristics. For instance, both attitudes and trust can be conceptualized as having cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, and on different abstraction levels. Based on these and other such parallels, we illustrate how insights from the attitude framework suggest solutions to key puzzles in trust research. That is, we show how previous debates and problems in attitude research, such as attitude-behavior-inconsistencies, and the solutions that have been developed for them, can help resolve similar issues in trust research, such as the inconsistent findings between self-reported trust and trust behavior. We also draw on the attitude framework to reveal unstudied questions and to outline promising avenues for future trust research (e.g., by drawing on insights from self-perception theory). Overall, using the attitude framework to build bridges between various streams of trust research is a promising start towards a comprehensive understanding of trust that can considerably benefit future trust research in various research fields.
Práticas integrativas em psicoterapia: cultura pop e rock no setting analítico
Authors: dos Santos Natanael Oliveira Teles
Published: February 2025

RESUMOIntrodução: no Brasil, a prática da psicoterapia integrativa ainda é pouco difundida nos cursos de graduação e especializações em psicologia, apesar de ser uma tendência crescente em países desenvolvidos e no contexto global. A integração de diferentes fatores e técnicas pode aumentar a eficiência e a aplicabilidade da psicoterapia, sendo uma reflexão fundamental para a prática profissional do psicólogo. Objetivo geral: estabelecer o modelo conceitual de uma nova psicoterapia integrativa e complementar, que utilize como base teórica cinco abordagens ou intervenções distintas a serem pesquisadas e integradas: Psicodinâmica, Filosofia, Terapia cognitivo-comportamental, Musicoterapia e Arteterapia. Metodologia: A presente pesquisa é um artigo de revisão narrativa, que se caracteriza por apresentar um panorama geral sobre um determinado tema, sem a necessidade de seguir uma metodologia rigorosa. Resultados e discussão: a análise dos dados obtidos, revelou a crescente importância da integração de diferentes abordagens como forma de otimizar o processo terapêutico e atender às demandas complexas do mundo contemporâneo. Considerações finais: sugere-se a realização de estudos de caso, bem como a replicação e o teste do modelo conceitual proposto, além de desenvolver pesquisas utilizando instrumentos de medida padronizados e rigorosos.
Theory of Consciousness
Authors: Huang Pyrrhon
Published: February 2025

This paper deeply discusses the essence of our subjective existence and the essence of consciousness through conceptual analysis, and makes assumptions and analysis on how physical entities evolve into consciousness feedback system, consciousness feedback system and evolution process. First of all, this paper analyzes from the theoretical framework of the subject, expounds that the existence of the subject is a direct real existence, and the essence of consciousness is the change of the content of the subject Angle, which is an equivalent to the structural change of the entity. Then, this paper discusses the formation law of various self-organization phenomena under the framework of evolutionary theory, and how consciousness evolved from the basic structure, and analyzes and summarizes the physical structure of each stage. Then, this paper discusses the principle of consciousness feedback system, analyzes the structure and operation mechanism of consciousness feedback system. Finally, this paper analyzes the evolution stage of consciousness feedback system and summarizes the basic forms of each stage. This paper makes a profound discussion and analysis from a unique perspective, and plays an important role in solving the philosophical "physical and mental dual problem" and the "hard core problem" of consciousness theory. It has a milestone significance for the development of epistemology and consciousness science. It can not only make human individuals better understand how they exist, but also promote the new stage of human civilization.
The way of thinking about depressive symptoms using Poisson process and exponential distribution (exponential process)
Authors: Yabu Takuya
Published: February 2025

So far, we have used stochastic differential equations to explain the process that leads to feelings and thoughts that assume a Wiener process. In reality, however, there are situations in which depression is always present, and there are also situations in which people feel better. If a person is depressed and suffering from depression on a regular basis, the person's similarity curve and other curve group values should continue to be negative minima if we consider the Wiener process, and the symptoms of depression should continue unchanged. However, even in the midst of depression, a person may feel better, i.e., the value of the similarity curve or other curve group may suddenly become a positive value. This cannot be explained by the conventional concept of similarity curves and other curve groups using Wiener process. Therefore, we considered depressive symptoms using Poisson process and exponential distributions (exponential process). We derived a stochastic differential equation for the number of times a person becomes depressed, and showed that the number of times a person becomes depressed is a Poisson process. We also derived a stochastic differential equation for the time interval of depression, and showed that the time interval of depression is an exponential distribution (exponential process). Based on these results, we explained the relationship between the number of times a person becomes depressed and the time interval of feeling depressed, and stated that placing oneself in an environment or state where one is less likely to become depressed is a way to cope with depression.
Overview of Quantitative Behavior Analysis
Authors: 赖洲天
Published: February 2025

In the study of human and other animal behaviors, we have discovered a new theoretical system that can fully predict behavior using only mathematics. Although it may not be possible due to current technological limitations, the model presented in this article through multiple thought experiments can theoretically use some logic to roughly infer human behavior, and can also accurately predict the time of behavior occurrence through rigorous mathematical calculations. The ultimate result is that, on the one hand, individuals' past memories and real-time feelings can be understood to some extent by observing their behavior, and on the other hand, their behavior can be shaped by influencing their feelings and memories.
Must the Show Go On? The (In)Ability of Counterevidence to Change Attitudes Toward Crime Control Theater Policies
Authors: Campbell Dylan , Reiman Anna
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Crime control theater refers to intuitively appealing laws that appear to address crime while lacking any evidence that they actually do so (e.g., sex offender registration and residence restriction laws, which do not reduce recidivism). Despite their ineffectiveness, public support for such laws is high. Hypotheses: We predicted that making people aware of these laws’ failure to reduce crime would lower support for them.Method: Participants (recruited from Mechanical Turk; Study 1: N=298, mean age=35.60, 47.7% self-identified as women and 75.8% as White; Study 2: N=147, mean age=35.03, 40.1% self-identified as women and 85.0% as White; Study 3: N=552, mean age=35.86, 42.9% self-identified as women and 76.4% as White) read about sex offender registration and residence restriction policies and rated their support for these laws, confidence in their opinions about them, and perceptions of their efficacy before and after reading counterevidence highlighting these laws’ failure to reduce sex crimes. Results: Although exposure to counterevidence somewhat lowered support (average within-subjects d=-0.69), general attitudes remained positive even at the post-counterevidence phase (average d=0.46 against the scale midpoint). This pattern held when manipulating the criminal population being targeted (sex offenders vs. white-collar offenders; Study 1), when tailoring counterevidence to people’s self-stated justifications for supporting these laws (Studies 2-3), and despite favorable ratings of the counterevidence’s strength and credibility. Conclusion: Support for crime control theater policies persists despite explicit knowledge that they do not reduce crime, highlighting the need for alternative methods of dissuading people from their support for these ineffective laws.
Protocol for measuring the benefits of exergames on executive functions under depression through a randomized multi-arm controlled experiment
Authors: Ruiz-Marquez Eloisa
Published: February 2025

Depression is characterized by affective symptoms and neuropsychological deficits. After treatment, affective symptoms frequently remit, but cognitive alterations may remain affecting the lives of people and having an impact on health, economy, and societies.The present work describes the methods, procedures, and equipment of a randomized three-arm controlled experiment designed to measure the effects of exergames on executive functions (EFs) under depression. EFs are complex functions that are essential for organizing information, planning an action, reasoning, decision-making, and problem-solving. Literature shows that EFs are compromised under depression, affecting daily-life activities and other cognitive domains.To conduct the experiment, middle-aged adults with depression will be randomly distributed into three experimental groups: an intervention group training with exergames, an active control group training only with cognitive video games, and a passive control group or wait list. EFs are evaluated at three different time points: before the cognitive-behavioral intervention, after the intervention, and three months follow-up, using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Researchers will collect cognitive-behavioral and neural information (event-related potentials, ERPs). Results will be explored performing analysis of variance to compare the outcomes of the diverse groups at the three different time points, understanding the benefits of exergames in terms of EFs under depression. The study of effects of simultaneous multidomain interventions on executive functions under depression holds promise for the development of novel approaches to implement psychological and neuropsychological health.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThe randomized controlled trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06536530 on August 2024, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06536530
Promoting clothing repair with in-person workshops: A quasi-experimental field study
Authors: Bosshard Anna , Zhou Linli , Brick Cameron , van Harreveld Frenk
Published: February 2025

Repair can help extend clothing lifecycles. However, this behavior is infrequent in high-income countries, especially among younger adults who often lack practical repair skills. In this quasi-experiment, we tested whether a group workshop could motivate repair and reduce consumption in young adults. Participants were assigned to a skills workshop (n = 62) or a control group (n = 51) who only received a persuasive message about clothing repair. The workshop strongly increased self-efficacy both immediately after the workshop and four weeks later. Although the workshop did not impact environmental attitudes or emotions associated with repair, workshop participants reported moderately higher intentions to repair their clothes and identified more with others who did (but these effects were not durable). The workshop did not increase the number of self-reported repairs nor reduce purchases four weeks later. There was some evidence for lower disposals at follow-up (but the effect was uncertain). A single workshop may thus spark motivation but not materialize in behavior changes four weeks later. This study highlights the importance of hands-on practice for boosting self-efficacy and demonstrates how quasi-experimental designs with follow-up surveys can contribute to understanding the potential of behavioral interventions.
The Temporal Dynamics of Retro-Cue Benefits in Visual Working Memory: Feature Cue VS. Spatial Cue
Authors: Guo Lijing , Nie Dan , Zhang Lingcong , Ye Chaoxiong
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the temporal dynamics of retro-cue benefits (RCBs) in visual working memory (VWM), focusing on the differential effectiveness of feature-based (color and orientation) and spatial retro-cues. Across four experiments, we systematically varied cue-probe delays to compare how rapidly and effectively these cue types enhanced memory performance. Results showed that both feature-based and spatial retro-cues improved memory performance when sufficient time was provided, but the timing and magnitude of RCBs varied significantly by cue type and feature properties. Color-based retro-cues generated RCBs more rapidly than spatial cues, likely due to the automatic processing of color. In contrast, orientation-based retro-cues required longer delays to produce benefits, reflecting their reliance on sequential attentional processes. Spatial cues, while efficient, required additional time to convert positional information into memory representations. These findings highlight the critical role of cue properties in determining the temporal efficiency of RCBs and suggest that feature-based retro-cues are not a homogeneous category, as their effectiveness varies depending on the inherent attributes of the feature. The study emphasizes the need for feature-specific frameworks in designing VWM experiments and models, particularly when examining the mechanisms of retro-cueing.
Did Organized Labor Induce Labor? Unionization and the American Baby Boom
Authors: Downes Henry
Published: February 2025

Labor unions have many well-documented effects on economic outcomes that are plausibly related to family formation. I study the impact of unionization on fertility using evidence from the largest expansion of unionism in American history: the enactment of the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). I introduce new estimates of local union membership and exploit variation in exposure to the NLRA shock to estimate the place level effect of union growth on fertility outcomes. Unionization has positive effects on birth rates and completed fertility, and can account for approximately 20% of overall fertility increases during the Baby Boom. Effects are driven primarily by wage growth, protection against adverse labor market shocks, and impacts on female labor force participation.
Envejecimiento Poblacional y los que la migración deja atrás: Puerto Rico y su envejecimiento rápido poco convencional
Authors: Matos-Moreno Amilcar , Verdery Ashton M. , de Leon Carlos F. Mendes , De Jesús-Monge Vivianna M. , Santos-Lozada Alexis R
Published: February 2025

Puerto Rico está envejeciendo demográficamente más rápido que casi cualquier otro país del mundo, con estimaciones de que su porcentaje de población de adultos mayores de 65 años situándolo como el décimo país más viejo en el 2020. A diferencia de la mayoría de otros lugares, el envejecimiento de Puerto Rico está impulsado tanto por (a) el descenso en la fecundidad y mortalidad y por (b) altos niveles de emigración en adultos en edad laboral que contribuyen a su índice de envejecimiento poblacional de forma tanto directa (con el traslado de los jóvenes) e indirecta (con la disminución de nacimientos). Este artículo ofrece una perspectiva general de los principales asuntos que rodean el envejecimiento de la población en Puerto Rico. Los responsables políticos y los líderes gubernamentales deben prever el envejecimiento poco convencional de la población de Puerto Rico, que agudiza las preocupaciones habituales sobre la sostenibilidad de los servicios públicos y las perspectivas económicas a largo plazo. Surgen preocupaciones adicionales relacionadas con la reducción de las estructuras de apoyo social y su impacto en la dinámica de la ciudad y las repercusiones para la salud. La singular historia política de Puerto Rico y su relación con los Estados Unidos presenta retos y beneficios para su población. La investigación sobre el envejecimiento en Puerto Rico y las políticas de salud pública deben adaptarse a las necesidades de la sociedad en proceso de envejecimiento del país.
Demonstrasi Pembuatan Cemilan Sehat Finger Snack Nugget Tahu Pada Balita di Poskesdes Tibawa
Authors: Hiola Fidyawati Aprianti A. , Zakaria Fatmah , Melani Nour Arriza Dwi , Rauf Efri Leny , Nurdin St. Surya Indah , Sondakh Levana , Umar Siskawati
Published: February 2025

Masa balita merupakan periode penting dalam tumbuh kembang anak, di mana asupan nutrisi yang cukup dan seimbang sangat diperlukan. Salah satu tantangan yang sering dihadapi orang tua adalah pemenuhan gizi melalui makanan ringan yang sehat dan menarik bagi balita. Demonstrasi pembuatan cemilan sehat berupa finger snack nugget tahu ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada orang tua dan pengasuh tentang alternatif camilan bergizi, mudah dibuat, serta disukai anak-anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah demonstrasi langsung, di mana peserta diberikan pemaparan mengenai pentingnya pemilihan bahan makanan sehat, teknik pengolahan yang tepat, serta cara penyajian yang menarik. Nugget tahu dipilih karena mengandung protein nabati yang tinggi, mudah dikombinasikan dengan bahan lain seperti sayuran, serta memiliki tekstur yang sesuai untuk balita. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa peserta lebih memahami pentingnya cemilan sehat dan memiliki keterampilan dalam membuat finger snack nugget tahu sendiri di rumah. Selain itu, anak-anak yang mencicipi hasil olahan ini menunjukkan respon positif terhadap rasa dan tekstur nugget tahu. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini, diharapkan orang tua dapat lebih kreatif dalam menyediakan makanan sehat bagi balita guna mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mereka secara optimal.
Sericin-Based Paclitaxel Nanoparticles: Preparation and Physicochemical Evaluation
Authors: Egla Mustafa , Nawal Ayash Rajab
Published: February 2025

Recently, targeted medication delivery applications have effectively used self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, poloxamer 407 and silk sericin protein were mixed in various proportions in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to create nine formulas of self-assembled nanostructures that could transport the hydrophobic anticancer medication paclitaxel (PTX). The produced NPs were then examined to determine their size distribution, percent of entrapment efficiency (EE%), morphology, compatibility and in vitro drug release studies. The selected formula was spherical and had a particle size (145 nm), a PDI of (0.25). and EE% of 82. The FT-IR data show that PTX and excipients are compatible, and the in vitro data show that PTX releases continuously over a 24-hour period. In order to successfully transport hydrophobic anticancer drugs (PTX) to target locations, this work proposes silk sericin protein as a substitute natural biomaterial for the creation of self-assembled NPs in conjunction with the presence of poloxamer 407.
Preparation and Evaluation of Lercanidipine HCl Nanosuspension to Improve the Dissolution Rate
Authors: Zahraa A. Alsafar  , Fatima J. Jawad
Published: February 2025

Lercanidipine HCl, a third-generation calcium channel blocker, blocks calcium entry into smooth muscle L-type calcium channels. This action leads to a decrease in blood pressure and induces peripheral vasodilation. Lercanidipine HCl belongs to the Biopharmaceutical classification system class II category of drugs. It is practically insoluble in water and has high solubility in methanol. The oral bioavailability of lercanidipine HCl is 10%, and irregular absorption due to its poor solubility and significant first-pass metabolism. This study aimed to produce and evaluate the nanosuspension of lercanidipine HCl with improved solubility and dissolution rates. The research used the solvent/antisolvent precipitation technique to generate a nanosuspension, using different stabilizers at various concentrations. The study examined the impact of several procedure factors on the particle size and polydispersity index of chosen lercanidipine HCl nanosuspension formulations. The evaluation parameters comprised particle size, polydispersity index, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro dissolution rates. Together, these characteristics assisted in determining the optimum formula for lercanidipine HCl nanosuspension. The optimal formula (F2) has a particle size of 92.94 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.2515. It consisted of soluplus as a stabilizer in a ratio of 1:2 and a solvent: antisolvent ratio of 3:10 with a stirring speed of 1500 rpm, and EE% was 97.76%. The prepared formulation significantly improved the dissolution rate of lercanidipine HCl compared to the pure drug. The release profiles of formula (F2) reached 100% within 20 minutes. This formula was examined for surface morphology using Field emission scanning electron microscope, and the optimized nanoparticles generated by the lyophilization procedure were assessed for compatibility using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and for its crystalline state using X-ray powder diffraction. Research results indicate that using the solvent anti-solvent technique for producing lercanidipine HCl nanosuspension exhibits its effectively enhances the dissolution rate of lercanidipine HCl.
Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Anti-Microbial Evaluation of New Flurbiprofen Hydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Hawraa Yusur Jassim  , Mohammed Kamil Hadi
Published: February 2025

A new series of 2-(2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)propanoic acid derivatives were synthesized to enhance their Anti-Microbial activities. The new flurbiprofen hydrazon compounds (4a-e) prepared by reacting flurbiprofen ethyl ester with hydrazine hydrate to yield flurbiprofen hydrazid(3). Then compound (3) reacted with several aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol in presence of a small amount of glacial acetic acid to yield final compounds (4a-e). Each final compound was examined for its Anti-Microbial efficiency against G(+)ve bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus), G(-)ve bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and strain of fungi (Candida albicans). Compound (4e) exhibited the highest Anti-Microbial efficiency against both strains G(-)ve and G(+)ve bacteria. Additionally, compound (4b) exhibits a good action for both strains. All synthesized compounds exhibit high antifungal activity against candida albicans when compared to the standard compound, fluconazole. FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were utilized for the characterization of the final compounds.
In silico study, Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of new sulfonamide – 1,2,4-triazole derivatives
Authors: Ali. Abdulhadi. Mosleh  , Zainab. A. Dakhel
Published: February 2025

A new series of sulfonamide derivatives (6a-c), containing 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (5a-c) ring system, were synthesized and their structures were identified by using ATR-FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopic analytical techniques. The synthesized compounds undergo in vitro evaluation to assess their antimicrobial activity against specific strains of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi species and compare them with standard antimicrobial drugs such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, and fluconazole. The results indicate successful synthesis of the target compounds, which exhibit high activity against, Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, S. pneumonia, and B. subtilis), moderate to high activity against Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, N. gonorrhoeae and H. pylori), and highly active against fungi species (Candida albicans). H. pylori is the most common etiology of gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer in humans. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme regulates the acid-base balance and enables survival in the highly acidic environment of the stomach. This study utilized computational techniques to screen potential carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that target H. pylori as a therapeutic approach. The synthesized compounds interact with the zinc-binding domain of the H. pylori carbonic anhydrase (4YGF) enzyme, causing disturbance of the acid-base equilibrium and affecting the ability to adapt to the acidic environment of the stomach. This, in turn, affects the pathogenicity and virulence of the H. pylori.
Preparation, In Vitro Evaluation and Characterization studies of Clozapine Nanosuspension
Authors: Amal Abdullah Mohammed  , Shaimaa Nazar Abd Alhammid
Published: February 2025

Clozapine (CLZ) is a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It belongs to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drug (High Permeability, Low Solubility), with a high first-pass effect. The current study used a technique called the solvent-antisolvent method to prepare a nanosuspension of clozapine with different stabilizers and solvents in an effort to increase the drug's solubility and dissolution. (Soluplus®, HPMC E15, PVA, Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 407, PVP K30, PVP K90, and Tween 40) were used to produce the formula. Evaluations were done on particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and in vitro dissolution investigations. According to the data, all developed clozapine formulations had particle size values in the nano-size range. The best formula, A7, had a particle size of 80.43 nm and contained 1:3 Soluplus® as a stabilizer. Methanol was used as a solvent in a 1:5 ratio, with water acting as an anti-solvent, and a stirring speed of 1000 rpm was employed. The optimized freeze-dried nanoparticles underwent some characterization tests, including FTIR, XRD, and FESEM, which revealed smooth, uniform particles within the nano size. The location of the CLZ nanosuspension functional group was not altered by FTIR, while XRD revealed that clozapine had changed from a crystalline to an amorphous form. In conclusion, the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug were considerably increased when clozapine, which is weakly soluble in water, was prepared as a nanosuspension.