bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O potencial de mitigação da mudança climática dos vetores energéticos da cana-de-açúcar na frota paulistana de veículos leves
Authors: Camargo Augusto Tolentino , Simões André Felipe , Pacca Sérgio Almeida
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho quantificou o potencial energético da cana-de-açúcar enquanto matéria prima para a produção de etanol e bioeletricidade para a frota de veículos leves na cidade de São Paulo em relação ao uso da gasolina; concomitantemente, quantificou-se a correlata mitigação da emissão de gases do efeito estufa – GEE. Neste contexto, a partir de uma modelagem focada no incremento no uso de vetores energéticos derivados da cana-de-açúcar, foi calculada uma massa evitada de 116 Mt de CO2 até o ano de 2050. Consideramos um modelo no qual a partir de 2025, teria início uma evolução consistente do uso de veículos leves movidos a eletricidade.  Para tanto, assumiu-se que, em 2050, o uso de combustíveis pela frota de veículos leves da cidade de São Paulo, seria igualitário, sendo um terço da frota movida à gasolina, uma terço movida à etanol e um terço movida à eletricidade. Os recursos energéticos derivados da cana-de-açúcar, como o etanol e a bioeletricidade (eletricidade gerada a partir da queima de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar) seriam suficientes para atender o cenário proposto. No modelo, observa-se que, com a queda do uso na gasolina, cai, também, a demanda por etanol, visto que a vigente legislação brasileira prevê que a gasolina comercializada tenha em sua composição 27% de etanol anidro. Uma vez reduzida a demanda por etanol para adição na gasolina, há a correlata redução da necessidade de produção de cana-de-açúcar e, assim, consequentemente, uma redução da área de plantio. Esta redução, em contrapartida, poderia, por exemplo, implicar em mais área para plantação de gêneros agrícolas alimentícios (uma externalidade tipicamente positiva).
A adoção da biodigestão na prática de tratamento de dejetos animais
Authors: Machado Rafael Carvalho , Halicki Zelia , Bastos Adriana Costa , Cunha Sieglinde Kindl
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo é descrito o processo de implantação de biodigestores desenvolvido pela Cooperativa Agroindustrial Frisia, em Ponta Grossa/PR, em 2010, na época ainda Cooperativa Agroindustrial Batavo, e seus impactos na percepção dos produtores quanto à viabilidade da implantação dos biodigestores. A história foi contada pelos cooperados e pela cooperativa em entrevistas narrativas, que deixavam o entrevistado livre para contar sua história e se expressar de acordo seus sentimentos. A partir dessas histórias contadas, foi feita a análise de narrativas para descrever o impacto do programa e de seus resultados no entendimento atual dos produtores rurais acerca da tecnologia de biodigestão. Esses entendimentos, de acordo com as teorias da prática social, influenciam no cotidiano e, dessa forma, impactam a difusão de técnicas de tratamento de dejetos animais que incluam a biodigestão no processo de transição para um sistema mais sustentável.
Learning from Mistakes – a Case of Pediatric Patient with Recurrent Whitlow
Authors: Raykova Vessela V.
Published: September 2019

Background: Herpetic whitlow is a herpes simplex virus infection of the fingers or thumb characterized by erythema accompanied by painful non-purulent vesicles. 

Aim: To draw attention to the typical appearance of herpetic whitlow and to distinguish it from bacterial infections and other skin diseases because of their different management.

Materials and methods: The patient’s history, dermatological status, and scrapings from the vesicles were taken. The swabs were cultured for isolation of bacteria and fungi. DNA extraction and PCR were performed for detection of HSV. 

Results: Repeated identical infections of the finger were found in the patients’ history, commonly associated with respiratory infections. The cultured swabs for bacterial or fungal detection remained negative. The scraping from vesicle used for viral detection showed positive HSV result.

Conclusion: It is important to distinguish herpetic whitlow from infectious and skin diseases and to learn from yet done mistakes - the patient was previously diagnosed with bacterial whitlow, contact dermatitis and dermatitis of unknown origin.
Changes in the Contractile Activity and Reactivity to 5-HT of Smooth Muscles of Rats Following Total Body Irradiation with Accelerated Electrons
Authors: Charilaos Xenodochidis A. , Ardasheva Raina G. , Popov Veselin G. , Prissadova Natalia A. , Turiyski Valentin I. , Krustev Athanas D. , Vlaykova Mariya I. , Grudeva-Popova Zhanet G. , Sopadzhieva Marieta V.
Published: September 2019

Background: Besides its “classical” neurotransmitter function in the central and peripheral nervous systems, serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is also a local hormone in a number of tissues, including those of the GI tract. Radiation is known to be able to disrupt certain functions of the tract, modulated by 5-HT-signaling pathways, or the serotonin receptors themselves.

Aim: The present investigation focused on clarifying the nature and extent of influence of an accelerated electron beam with energy of 9 MeV on the serotonergic mediation of healthy smooth muscle gastric tissue of rats following total body irradiation of the animals.

Materials and methods: The study involved a control group and two experimental groups of animals exposed to 1 and 5 Gy, respectively, using Siemens Primus S/N 3561. Circular smooth muscle tissues were isolated from rats 1 hour and 18 hours after they were exposed to 1 and 5 Gy and also 5 days after irradiation from the rats that received a dose of 5 Gy in order to investigate the action of exogenous serotonin at increasing concentrations from 10-8 to 10-4 mol/l. The contractile reactivity of each group SM preparations was registered isometrically.

Results: Electron beams with energy of 9 MeV did not damage the contractile apparatus of gastric SM of rats and had a stimulating effect on contractility resulting from rapidly developing processes (1 hour) or later occurring once (5 days).

Conclusions: Difference was observed in the importance of the factors of received dose, lapse of time from irradiation to investigation of SM tissues, and exogenous 5-HT concentration for the changes in SM reactivity in serotonin-induced tonic and phasic responses.
Risk Factors and Incidence of Poor Bowel Preparation in Elderly Patients: Prospective Study
Authors: Doykov Daniel , Andonov Vladimir
Published: September 2019

This article has been withdrawn due to inaccuracy of the information provided.
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum – a Rare Asthma Complication
Authors: Covantev Serghei , Mazuruc Natalia , Uzdenov Rasul , Corlateanu Alexandru
Published: September 2019

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Acute asthma complications are often the reason for admission to emergency healthcare service. In our article we present a case of a rare asthma complication – spontaneous pneumomediastinum with a short review of its incidence, etiology, diagnosis and management. Spontaneus pneumothorax is important to differentiate with secondary pneumomediastinum as well as other conditions as cardiac diseases (acute coronary syndrome, pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, pneumopericardium), lung diseases (pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, tracheobronchial tree rupture), musculoskeletal disorders, and diseases of the esophagus (rupture and perforation o the esophagus). A chest X-ray is often reliable for diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and when inconclusive, can be followed by CT. The management is usually conservative with oxygen and analgesia. Surgery is required only in cases of tracheobronchial compression. 
Monte-Carlo simulation of clinical and economic effectiveness of drugs (on example of antibiotics therapy of acute bronchitis with bronchospasm in children)
Authors: Zhukova Olga V.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The study objective was to determine which antibiotics are optimal in the treatment of children with complicated acute bronchitis with bronchospasm. For that, a Monte-Carlo simulation was conducted.

Materials and methods: The retrospective study was performed on the antibiotic therapy data from 1604 medical records of inpatients from Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation) medical centers admitted with acute bronchitis with bronchospasm. The treatment programs involved cephalosporins, inhibitor-protected penicillins, and macrolides. The starter drug was selected empirically considering the possible etiology and sensitivity of the presumed pathogen to the antimicrobial agents. The input data for the model (Monte-Carlo simulation) were the costs of antibiotic therapy and the probability of the clinical outcome (recovery, or the absence of effect). The probabilities of the clinical outcome were described with β-distribution, while the costs distribution was described using gamma-distribution.

Results and discussion: Most positive clinical outcomes were observed with the use of macrolides, which also provided the lowest CER (cost-efficiency ratio), and are, therefore, optimal pharmacoeconomically. During the trial, the confidence intervals were evaluated for the clinical efficiency (95% CI of the β-distribution curve). The least interval of probable clinical efficiency for the investigated nosology was found for macrolides, which indicates their high clinical efficiency.

Conclusion: Monte-Carlo method visualizes the results of clinical-economical evaluation of any medical technology in one disease compared to another. That is of value for the clinical pharmacologists and health professionals selecting the drugs for healthcare facilities.
Pharmacological correction of morphofunctional retinal injury using 11-amino acid fragment of darbepoetin in the experiment
Authors: Gubareva Victoria O. , Pazhinsky Anton L. , Lugovskoy Sergey S. , Dubovtsova Elizaveta Yu. , Vain Daria S. , Pobeda Anna S. , Pasenov Konstantin N.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The retinoprotective effect of the 11-amino acid fragment of darbepoetin PRK-002 on the models of hypertensive retinal angiopathy and hypertensive neuroretinopathy in Wistar rats was investigated in comparison with carbamylated darbepoetin and sulodexide.

Materials and methods: The protective effects of the pharmacological agents were assessed using the following criteria: a semi-quantitative assessment of changes in the eye fundus when performing ophthalmoscopy, the retinal blood flow, the b/a coefficient, eNOs expression in retinal vessels, specific number of neuronal nuclei in the inner nuclear layer, and p53 expression in the retina.

Results and discussion: A pronounced protective effect, exceeding sulodexide at a dose of 150 LRU/kg and carbamylated darbepoetin at a dose of 300 μg/kg when correcting retinal angiopathy was observed in PRK-002 at a dose of 4 µg/kg, which expressed in adjustment of the retinal vessels’ calibers, removing retinal arterio-venous crossings, reaching the target levels of the retinal microcirculation, the b/a coefficient, and the restoration of eNOs expression in the endothelium of retinal vessels. PRK-002 at a dose of 4 µg/kg has a pronounced neuroprotective effect comparable to carbamylated darbepoetin at a dose of 300 µg/kg in correction of hypertensive neuroretinopathy, which expressed in the normalization of the fundus image, reaching the b/a target values, the specific number of neuronal nuclei in the inner nuclear layer, inhibition of p53 expression in the neurons of the inner nuclear and ganglionic layers.

Conclusion: The study revealed angio- and neuroprotective activity of the 11-amino acid fragment of darbepoetin PRK-002 in correction of retinal injury formed on the background of hypertension.
Complex assessment of blood pressure regulation system in hypertension patients
Authors: Samorodskaya Natalya A. , Polischuk Lily V. , Eliseeva Ludmila N.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: There are almost no studies characterizing the integrative level of blood pressure (BP) regulation.

Materials and methods: 277 people of both genders aged 58.6±6.4 with stage II hypertension disease were randomized into six groups. The monotherapy of hypertension disease was conducted in five groups, using nebivolol, lisinopril, indapamide, amlodipine, and losartan. The sixth group had a combined therapy (lisinopril/indapamide). The therapy effectiveness was assessed at four levels of blood pressure regulation, using the following methods: 1) laser Doppler flowmetry, determination of the level of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10; 2) echocardiography and Doppler sonography, ultrasound examination of the renal blood flow, ECG, Holter monitoring of ECG; 3) an examination of the heart rate variability level and a quantitative assessment of beta-adrenoreception of erythrocyte cell membranes; 4) the regulatory and adaptive status was assessed, using the method of cardio-respiratory synchronism.

Results and discussion: A more significant BP decrease was revealed during a combination therapy (by 20.4% of the baseline daily value). At the integrative level, an index of the regulatory and adaptive status (iRAS) increased in the treatment with lisinopril/indapamide combination (by 40.5%), amlodipine (by 40.5%), losartan (by 35.3%), and lisinopril (by 30.2%). Nebivolol administration resulted in a 13.5% decrease in iRAS. Indapamide therapy had no significant effect on iRAS.

Conclusion: A comprehensive assessment of the blood pressure regulation system makes it possible to control the effectiveness of the therapy not only on a target organ or function, but also on the condition of the organism as an integral system.
Combined use of arginase II inhibitors and tadalafil for the correction of monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Koklin Ivan S. , Danilenko Lyudmila M.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The concept of the regulatory role of endothelium in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is fundamental. Research objective: To study the protective effects of the selective arginase II inhibitors L207-0525 and L327-0346 in combination with tadalafil in a monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Materials and methods: Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension was simulated in 10 animals by a subcutaneous injection of an alcohol-water solution of monocrotaline (MCT) in the dose of 60 mg/kg. Seven days after the injection of MCT, the administration of L207-0525 and L327-0346 in the doses of 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg was started. The compounds were administered intragastrically once a day for 21 days.

Results and discussion: It was found that L207-0525 and L327-0346 in the dose of 3 mg/kg and tadalafil in the dose of 1 mg/kg prevented the development of pulmonary hypertension, which was expressed in a statistically significant decrease in the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction (CED, prevention of an increase in systolic pressure in the right ventricle, as well as Fulton, RV/BW and WT indices. The greatest activity was shown by L207-0525 and L327-0346 in the dose of 3 mg/kg in combination with tadalafil in the dose of 0.1 mg/kg.

Conclusions: The received results suggest the dose-dependent protective activity of selective arginase II inhibitors L207-0525 and L327-0346 and the development of the additive effect of their combined use with low doses of PDE-5 inhibitor tadalafil in relation to the development of monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension
Radiographic assessment of the equine carpal joint under incremental loads and during flexion
Authors: Olusa T.A.O. , Murray C.M. , Davies H.M.S.
Published: September 2019

Non-physiologic loading of the carpal bones is believed to result in osteochondral fractures, ligament rupture and axial instability in the equine forelimb; however, the mechanism of carpal damage due to non-physiologic loading of the carpus is largely unknown. To investigate carpal stability (alignment and direction of carpal bones’ movement) under load and during flexion, some previously described carpal parameters were measured on radiographs obtained from 24 equine cadaver limbs (aged 10.71±4.15 years). The limbs were transected at the antebrachial midshaft, axially loaded in a commercial press and serially radiographed under a range of incremental loads (extension) and 2 flexion positions. The extensions were measured by a 10° decrease in the dorsal fetlock angle (DFA) from 160° to 110° (DFA160to DFA110) using the jacking system of the press; and flexions at palmar carpal angle of 45° and 90° (PCA45and PCA90). As loading increased from DFA160to DFA110there was a progressive significant increase in Third Carpal bone Palmar Facet Angle (C3PalFCA: 86.46±2.54° to 88.60±2.51°) but a decrease in Dorsal Carpal Angle (DCA: 173.03±3.47° to 159.65±4.09°); Medial Carpal Angle (MCA: 186.31±1.90° to 184.61±2.26°); and Groove width of the Cr-Ci intercarpal ligament (GW.Cr-Ci ICL: 9.35±1.20° to 8.83±1.13°) while no significant differences were observed for Distal Radial Slope Carpal Angle (DRSCA) and Intermediate carpal bone Proximal Tuberosity-Radial Angle (CiPxTRA). A generalised medio-distal directional displacement in the carpal bones’ movement were observed. In conclusion, increased load on the forelimb (carpus) produced carpal hyperextension with measurable radiographic changes in the position and alignment of the carpal bones. The non-stretching (strain) or shortening of the Cr-Ci ICL during loading, indicated by the decrease in GW.Cr-Ci ICL, suggests a relaxed intercarpal ligament within a confined space which appears to absorb compressional load transferred from carpal bones and redistribution of concussion forces within the carpal joint during loading thereby providing a useful mechanism to minimise carpal damage.
Continuous environmental enrichment and aerobic exercise improves spatial memory: focus on rat hippocampal BDNF and NGF
Authors: Santoso D.I.I. , Yolanda S. , Redjeki S. , Andraini T. , Ivanali K.
Published: September 2019

Memory is an important cognitive function in humans. Exercise and environmental enrichment (EE) exposure have positive effects on memory function via improved neurogenesis through expression of growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Exercise and environmental enrichment have independently been shown to increase BDNF and NGF, but the effect of the combination of these treatments has not been widely studied. This experimental study aims to analyse the effect of aerobic exercise, EE exposure, and combination of aerobic exercise and EE exposure on memory function. This study used twenty 7-month old male Wistar rats that were given treatment for 8 weeks. Memory function was tested using forced alternation Y-maze. Hippocampal expression of BDNF and NGF were also assessed. The results showed the combination group has highest performance in memory function test and also the highest level of hippocampal BDNF and NGF (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the combination of aerobic exercise and continuous EE exposure produces the best results for memory function through higher levels of hippocampal BDNF and NGF in adult rats.
Quercetin protects the buffalo rat liver (BRL-3A) cells from aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity via activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway
Authors: Wang X. , Li L. , Zhang G.
Published: September 2019

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin widely presented in agricultural products, and the protective effect of quercetin (QUE), a natural antioxidant, against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity to the buffalo rat liver (BRL-3A) cells was investigated. With an IC50 of 23 μM, AFB1 induced a significant oxidative stress to BRL-3A cells evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), ATP content, and activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes along with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation biomarker of malondialdehyde (MDA). The activity of CYP1A2, the key enzyme to convert AFB1 to reactive AFB1 exo-8,9- epoxide, was also increased, which, probably in together with ROS, led to cell apoptosis with DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and increased lactate dehydrogenase release. After the BRL cells were pre-treated by low level QUE (2.5 and/or 5 μM) for 24 h and then exposed to AFB1, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including haeme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and the ratio of reduced to oxidised glutathione were significantly increased whereas the levels of intracellular ROS and MDA were reduced. The QUE pre-treatment also increased the levels of MMP, ATP and DNA integrity, and reduced the expression of apoptosis related genes ofBax andCaspase-3. The Western blotting study revealed increased content of phosphorylated Akt and nuclear NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), indicating an activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway in counteracting oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of AFB1. Thus, the QUE pre-treatment enhanced the anti-stress capacity of the cells through the activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and QUE-based measures could be developed to ameliorate the toxicity caused by AFB1.
Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Snibbe Jason C , Gambardella Ralph A
Published: September 2019

abstract

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and can be a major source of disability. Many older patients continue to be active in sportsrelated activities. Therefore, treating an active patient with osteoarthritis is becoming more common. Physical therapy and weight loss continue to play a central role in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease inflammation and swelling, which makes physical therapy more effective. Intra-articular corticosteroids have been used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. However, no guidelines exist for the administration of corticosteroids and they can be associated with increased risk of tendon rupture and infection. Viscosupplementation has gained popularity in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid have been shown to decrease pain and improve functional outcomes.
Aortoenteric fistula secondary to an Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Lee Shuhui Melissa , Lai Yusheng Keefe , Wen Wei David
Published: September 2019

Primary aortoenteric fistulas are rare, with the annual incidence of such fistulas estimated to be 0.007 per million. The most common predisposing conditions for primary aortoenteric fistulas are atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms or penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers. We illustrate a rare case of an inflammatory aortic aneurysm causing a primary aortic fistula, with a direct fistulous jet from the aorta to the bowel with resultant catastrophic bleeding. In contrast to atherosclerotic aneurysms, most inflammatory aneurysms are symptomatic and show dense perianeurysmal fibrosis and periaortic wall thickening. A direct jet of contrast extravasation from the aorta into a bowel loop, while rarely seen, remains the most specific sign of a primary aorta-enteric fistula. A comprehensive literature review of the clinical presentation, imaging features, and differential diagnosis of a primary aortoenteric fistula are also discussed.
El patio de Vélez Blanco: un nuevo dibujo y el castillo de los Fajardo
Authors: Mozzati Tommaso
Published: September 2019

La contribución presenta un nuevo documento iconográfico relacionado con el patio del castillo de Vélez Blanco. El dibujo, nunca publicado por la bibliografía científica dedicada al patio y fechado en 1805, permite formular nuevas hipótesis sobre sus condiciones originales en la fortaleza andaluza, antes de su venta en 1904, al final de largos años de abandono (actualmente el patio está expuesto en el Museo Metropolitano de Nueva York). Este descubrimiento enriquece de una manera fundamental el conocimiento sobre un extraordinario complejo, una de las pruebas más antiguas de importación en la península Ibérica de un vocabulario arquitectónico y decorativo clasicista basado en modelos contemporáneos ofrecidos por la producción artística toscano-lombarda.
Arquitectura efímera, arte y genealogía regia en la Sicilia española entre Carlos II y Felipe V
Authors: De Cavi Sabina
Published: September 2019

Este ensayo trata de la imagen pública de Carlos II de Asburgo y Mariana de Neoburgo en Palermo y Nápoles, y más en general de la imagen regia en los virreinatos de Nápoles y Sicilia durante la Guerra de Succesión española. Se analizan los dibujos de tres aparatos efímeros de Giacomo Amato realizados por el arquitecto y sus pintores colaboradores Pietro Aquila y Antonino Grano. Se revindica la importancia de encargos de arte decorativa (platería y orfebrería) por parte de los virreyes Uceda, Santisteban y Veragua, subrayando su afinidad proyectual con los encargos de arquitectura efímera. También se explican las conexiones estilisticas y de gusto que colegan la capital portual hispána de Palermo con la corte en Madrid más bien que con la capital pontificia.
De la medalla a la escultura: una aportación sobre las fuentes conceptuales e iconográficas de Carlos V y el Furor
Authors: Moreno Arana Juan Antonio , Moreno Arana José Manuel
Published: September 2019

Este artículo plantea como hipótesis la influencia de los conocidos como Libros de medallas en la elaboración conceptual y formal del grupo escultórico Carlos V y el Furor.
Implementation of Cooperative Learning Model on E-Assignment Responsiveness at Higher Education
Authors: Ningsih Sri Restu , Effendi Z Mawardi , Syah Nurhasan
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, there are still many universities that have not maximized the use of information technology in the learning process. The learning process still uses conventional methods, especially in terms of student assignments. The purpose of this study was to develop cooperative learning models in information systems project management courses. The method used in this study was the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). This is one model that becomes a guideline in developing effective, dynamic learning and supporting learning itself. The results of this study are practical and effective web-based cooperative learning models for students in universities.
Anytime Autonomous English MALL App Engagement
Authors: Byrne Jason
Published: September 2019

Mobile assisted language learning (MALL) apps are often said to be 'Anytime' activities. But, when is 'Anytime' exactly? The objective of the paper is to provide evidence for the when of MALL activity around the world. The research method involved the collection and analysis of an EFL app’s time data from 44 countries. The findings were surprising in the actual consistency of usage, 24/7, across 43 of the 44 countries. The 44th country was interesting in that it differed significantly in terms of night time usage. The research also noted differences in Arab, East Asian and Post Communist country usage, to what might be construed to be a general worldwide app time usage norm. The results are of interest as the time data findings appear to inform the possibility of a potentially new innovative pedagogy based on an emerging computational awareness of context and opportunity, suggesting a possible future language learning niche within the Internet of Things (IoT), of prompted, powerful, short-burst, mobile learning.
Students’ Perception about Learning using MOOC
Authors: You Huay Woon
Published: September 2019

Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) is an open online course that enhances and provides learning opportunities, particularly in tertiary education, using in-formation technologies. In view of this, this study uses personal characteristics such as learning strategies and cognitive appraisal to identify factors that may influence students in embracing MOOC in their learning process. Moreover, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) are the factors that are thought to influence the adoption of MOOC. This study was conducted in a university in Selangor, Malaysia among the pre-university students in the 2018/2019 academic year. Among the 87 students who participated in a MOOC as part of an offline course requirements, 66 students have been ran-domly selected as the respondents. The quantitative analysis indicates that there are significant positive correlations between PU and PEOU and chal-lenges. In other words, the higher the students’ intention to participate in MOOC, the higher is their belief that there would be no difficulties in using it, while having more challenge. In addition, the more the students believe that there are no obstacles in using MOOC, the more deep learners they become and less threatened when using MOOC. On the contrary, when they are more threatened using the MOOC, they tend to become more surface learners. This study demonstrates that the platforms and contents of the MOOC have a major influence on the learning strategies and cognitive appraisal of the students. This mandates multiple options for the MOOC platforms to accommodate learning experiences of students.
Sort Elements Based on Priority, in order to Improve the Quality of E-Learning in Health Using Difficulty-Usefulness Pyramid with Weighting (DUP-We)
Authors: Nugroho Heru Santoso Wahito , Handoyo Handoyo , Prayitno Hadi , Budiono Arief
Published: September 2019

Many health education institutions in Indonesia are starting the implementation of e-learning, but there are still many technical obstacles. The elements of e-learning that must be improved are relatively many, so it is neces-sary to choose which elements will be prioritized to handle first. This study proposes a new method for selecting elements that will be prioritized to be im-proved using Difficultness-Usefulness Pyramid with Weighting (DUP-We). The subjects were 200 students from the Environmental Health Department of Magetan, Health Polytechnic of Surabaya. The elements chosen were learning design, handouts, books, links to resources, discussion forums, chat, assignment, feedback, quizzes and surveys. The attributes that were used as the basis for determining priorities are difficultness and usefulness. Weighting (1 to 10) is based on the importance of each attribute. Data about attributes and weighting are obtained through filling in questionnaires. For each element a determination is made: 1) weightless difficultness (difficultness x weight) and weighted usefulness (usefullness x weight); 2) weighted average difficultness and weighted usefulness mean; 3) Range (mean difficultness average weighted up to weighted usefulness mean). Furthermore, the range is sorted from the smallest and described in the form of a pyramid. The pyramid shows that the order of elements based on priority is assignment, quiz, feedback, discussion, link to resources, book, survey, learning design, handout and chat.
The Functional Interdependence of Wind Instrumentalists’ Embouchure and Their Craniofacial Features
Authors: Clemente Miguel Pais , Amarante José Manuel , Moreira André , Ferreira Afonso Pinhão , Vardasca Ricardo , Mendes Joaquim
Published: September 2019

The criteria of performing a correct embouchure can differ according to particular craniofacial features. Different teaching techniques can also lead to specific patterns of a musician embouchure, where playing in a relaxed position is one of the major indications. In order to understand if there is a “perfect embouchure”, several techniques were used on the analysis of the embouchure of three different wind instrumentalists. Force sensing resistors were applied to the mouthpiece of a clarinet, infrared thermography was performed to a brass player, while a bassoon player underwent two lateral cephalograms. The examinations techniques were chosen to take advantage of the possible information that could be taken from each musician, on addition to the evidence of the intra-oral exam. The force analysis showed that the clarinetist had an asymmetrical force distribution among the two central incisors. The infrared thermography showed that the tuba player had thermal asymmetry at the region correspondent to the masseters muscles possibly related to the teeth position. The lateral cephalograms showed a 10° posterior rotation of the mandible during the embouchure of the bassoon player. Therefore, understanding the anatomical limitations of the orofacial region, which may lead to an asymmetrical embouchure, is fundamental to analyze and treat a wind instrumentalist within a dental appointment.
Futuristic Integrated Assistive System for Elderly Population of India
Authors: C Mohan , Verma H.K.
Published: September 2019

Elderly population in the world is rising fast and the rise is even faster for India due to the continuous rise in life expectancy. Delivery of health services to the elderly Indian population in rural areas, which is about 80% of the total elderly Indians, is a big challenge. An effective solution to the problem lies in developing assistive systems and devices based on modern technologies and designed to support or assist the elderly persons in having healthy, comfortable and dignified life in the society. This paper presents major challenges of elderly people. Some of the major research works already carried out on assistive systems and devices are summarily reviewed. Some further assistive systems/devices are proposed and desirable features for them are suggested. Novel concept of integrating the proposed assistive systems/devices into a single integrated system to serve the elderly users better is presented.
Flexible 3D Printed Molds for Educational Use. Digital Fabrication of 3D Typography
Authors: De León Alejandro Bonnet , Saorin Jose Luis , De la Torre-Cantero Jorge , Meier Cecile , Cabrera-Pardo María
Published: September 2019

One of the drawbacks of using 3D printers in educational environments is that the creation time of each piece is high and therefore it is difficult to manufacture at least one piece for each student. This aspect is important so that each student can feel part of the manufacturing process. To achieve this, 3D printers can be used, not to make pieces, but to make the molds that students use to create replicas. On the other hand, for a mold to be used to make several pieces, it is convenient to make it with flexible material. However, most used material for 3D printers (PLA) is very rigid. To solve this problem, this article designs a methodology that allows the use of low-cost 3D printers (most common in school environments) with flexible material so that each mold can be used to manufacture parts for several students. To print flexible material with low-cost printers, it is necessary to adapt the machine and the print parameters to work properly. This article analyzes the changes to be made with a low cost 3D printer and validates the use of molds in school environments. A pilot test has been carried out with 8 students of the subject of Typography, in the School of Art and Superior of Design of Tenerife. During the activity, the students carried out the process of designing a typography and creating digital molds for 3D printing with flexible material. The designs were made using free 3D modeling programs and low-cost technologies.
ADHD in the Early Years: Pre-Natal and Early Causes and Alternative Ways of Dealing
Authors: Driga Anna-Maria , Drigas Athanasios
Published: September 2019

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurological disorder with a lack of an official scientific understanding of its genetic nature and the potential causes. However, there are practical research data that points to certain directions. In this paper, we examine the possible external causes of the disorder and specifically ones whose influence is related to pregnancy and (early) childhood years. Children born prematurely and/or with low birth weight are at high risk of developing ADHD. Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption and psychological disorders during pregnancy were proven to play a part as well. Some special social and economic situations raised the risk of appearance in the minors experiencing them. Electronics are a factor of distraction to children and were found to exacerbate symptoms. Most importantly, parenting choices can be determinant for a child with the disorder. A solution often proposed for symptoms of this nature is medication. Nonetheless, there were many defects and risks found within the psychostimulants used for the disorder. Alternative treatments are proposed before reaching for medication, two very effective ones being brain training and meditation.
Sound Propagation and Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Geometry
Authors: Park Jihun
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a method of simulating sound propagation and reconstruction for the virtual reality applications. The algorithm being developed in this paper is based on a ray sound theory. If we are given 3 dimensional geometry input as well as sound sources as inputs, we can compute sound effects over the entire boundary surfaces. In this paper, we present two approaches to compute sound field: The first approach, called forward tracing, traces sounds emanating from sound sources, while the second approach, called geometry based computation, computes possible propagation routes between sources and receivers. We compare two approaches and propose a geometry-based sound computation method for outdoor simulation. This approach is computationally more efficient than the forward sound tracing. The physical environment affects sound propagation simulation by impulse- response. When a sound source waveform and numerically computed impulse in time is convoluted, a synthetic sound is generated. This technique can be easily generalized to synthesize realistic stereo sounds for the virtual reality applications. At the same time, the simulation result can be visualized using VRML.
Investigation of Lubrication Characteristics for a Soft Contact Lens
Authors: Tsai Hung Jung , Horng Jeng Haur , Tan Chung Ming
Published: September 2019

It is popular to wear the contact lens nowadays. Also, the output value of the contact lens is estimated more than 4 billion NT dollar every year. Because the phenomena of the contact lenses are very complicated, the relevant mechanisms are not well understood. Thus, the security of contact lens needs to be further investigated. In the lubricated mechanism of the contact lens, there is a layer of tear between the contact lens and cornea. The contact lens’ behavior is akin to that of a slider bearing. The lens represents the slider, the eye plays the role of the stationary pad, and the tear film is the lubricant. Hence, hydrodynamics and contact mechanisms of a contact lens are quite a fascinating subject that is relevant to the science of tribology. In the paper, the lubrication mechanisms include the partial hydrodynamic lubrication (contact lens roughness), contact mechanics and Newtonian fluid mechanics have been established. The parameters of roughness, flow factor, tear film geometry, and hydrodynamic pressure distribution are discussed. The developed technology increases the safety of contact lens.
Study of Squeeze Effect and Worm of Rollers Affecting the Inverse Bending on Straighten Steel Pipes
Authors: Lu I Chuan , Wei Chin Chung
Published: September 2019

In the manufacturing process of steel pipes, bending or torsion deformation is most usual happened by the variation of temperature, external extension or compression, inner residual stress. The straighten quality is thus out of standard. Tilt roller straightens machine is thus become required equipment in the straightening process. Rollers can generate vertical and radial bending continuously in order to achieve enough straightness. These two direction bending moments have to good match each other. Quality problems, such as surface wear scar, sink in or shorten the length, can thus be avoided. Curve geometry of rollers, squeezing effect and straighten inverse bending moment calculation were considered in the study. Optimal bending stress cannot be lower than 70 % yielding stress and contacting length between roller and pipe cannot be lower than 65% curve length of the roller. The worm of rollers affect contact situation and the tilt angle of roller have to rearrange.
Tribological Properties of New Developed Nano Boric Acid Suspended as Additive in Engine Oil
Authors: Kaleli̇ Hakan , Demi̇rtaş Selman , Uysal Veli , Tanriseven Zulhicce
Published: September 2019

It is well known that nanoparticles affect the interaction between lubricants and surfaces with various chemical compositions and different chemical and physical properties. In recent years, nanoparticles have started to play more important roles as lubricant additives for their potential in wear, friction and emission reduction and improving lubrication and fuel economy. Although nanolubricants are frequently used for friction tests, little is known about stability and degree of dispersion of these nanoparticles in viscous liquids. Most of them are unstable, agglomerate or aggregate which sediment over time. Boric acid (H3BO3) has always been a very important material due to its broad range of applications such as in medicine, cosmetics, automotive industry, metallurgy and also for miscellaneous purposes in other areas. Literature survey showed that friction between automobile engine parts could be greatly reduced using microscopic particles of boric acid.This study involves the new invention of successful suspension of nano boric acid (BA) additive added into 5W-40 fully synthetic commercial lubricating oil. This invention is confidential and realized by Murat ÖZAYMAN from Tribor ARGE Co. in Teknopark of YILDIZ Technical University in Istanbul-TURKEY. The particle size of BA is determined with (Transmission Electron Microscopy) (TEM). Backscattering and transmittance profiles proved that nano boric acid (BA) particles were in suspension in commercial engine oil. Suspended BA in engine oil is applied between piston ring and cylinder liner system in order to investigate their effect on friction and wear under boundary lubricated conditions. Simulation and measurement of friction and wear were conducted using a reciprocating tribometer. Surface analysis were performed using 3D digital optical microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM)/X-Ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Boron (B) from BA is well detected, mixed with other elements of additives and protected the surface under boundary lubrication conditions. The results indicate that BA can considerably improve the tribological performance of a piston ring and cylinder liner system under lubricated conditions. It has found that the friction coefficient is reduced with nano boric acid (BA) suspended engine oil and protected the surface mostly on cylinder liner mixing with other additives.
The Effect of CN Coatings Doped with Niobium, Titanium and Zirconium Metal on Mechanical, Tribological and Corrosion Resistance Properties of Thin Films
Authors: Su Yen Liang , Kao Wen Hsien , Chang Yu Chien
Published: September 2019

CN-Nb, CN-Ti and CN-Zr that are respectively doped with Nb, Ti and Zr metal in a CN coating are deposited on SKH51 substrate using DC unbalanced magnetron sputtering (DC-UBM). The coatings’ chemical characterization, morphology, mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties are determined. The XRD analysis shows when a low content of metal is added, the coatings exhibit DLC structures. Result from the incorporation of metals, coatings performed denser texture. Simultaneously, the surface became smoother and denser while surface roughness varied from 0.036 to about 0.020 mm. Various properties are improved over CN coating, CN-Ti has a 64% greater hardness at 21.9 Gpa and adhesion 26% better, with a critical load of 87 N. The elastic recovery ranges from 68% (CN) to 100% (CN-Nb and CN-Zr), the wear rate varies from 0.51 10-6mm3/Nm (CN) to 0.1 10-6mm3/Nm (CN-Zr) and the wear depth is reduced by about 73%. An increase in the elastic recovery gives a decreased wear rate. In addition, the corrosion resistance is increased because there is a decrease in the corrosion current density and the CN-Zr coating performed about 35 times better than a CN coating.
TNF-α Contributes to Lymphoid Tissue Disorganization and Germinal Center B Cell Suppression during Intracellular Bacterial Infection
Authors: Popescu Maria , Cabrera-Martinez Berenice , Winslow Gary M.
Published: September 2019

Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections are well-known causes of lymphoid tissue disorganization, although the factors, both host and/or pathogen derived, that mediate these changes are largely unknown. Ehrlichia muris infection in mice causes a loss of germinal center (GC) B cells that is accompanied by the generation of extrafollicular T-bet+ CD11c+ plasmablasts and IgM memory B cells. We addressed a possible role for TNF-α in this process because this cytokine has been shown to regulate GC development. Ablation of TNF-α during infection resulted in an 8-fold expansion of GL7+ CD38lo CD95+ GC B cells, and a 2.5- and 5-fold expansion of CD138+ plasmablasts and T-bet+ memory cells, respectively. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in splenomegaly, more organized T and B cell zones, and an improved response to Ag challenge. CXCL13, the ligand for CXCR5, was detected at 6-fold higher levels following infection but was much reduced following TNF-α ablation, suggesting that CXCL13 dysregulation also contributes to loss of lymphoid tissue organization. T follicular helper cells, which also underwent expansion in infected TNF-α­–deficient mice, may also have contributed to the expansion of T-bet+ B cells, as the latter are known to require T cell help. Our findings contrast with previously described roles for TNF-α in GCs and reveal how host–pathogen interactions can induce profound changes in cytokine and chemokine production that can alter lymphoid tissue organization, GC B cell development, and extrafollicular T-bet+ B cell generation.
Secondary cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: what do we need today?
Authors: Mureddu Gian Francesco
Published: September 2019

In the last decades, the post-hospital mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) has significantly increased. This new trend in the epidemiology of CAD has been largely attributed to the improvement of survival from acute coronary syndromes that generated increasing incidence of population at high risk of recurrences and rehospitalization for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure (HF). Thus, much longer after the acute event than we had thought, we have now been facing with higher complexity of “chronic” CAD phenotypes which deserve high clinical attention and more and more intricate pharmacological management. Although the guidelines recommend implementing secondary prevention programs through cardiac rehabilitation (CR) facilities in order to achieve a better outcome, i.e. decreased morbidity, re-hospitalization and increased adherence to evidence-based interventions, the referral rate to CR is paradoxically scarce. The Italian Association of Clinical Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation (AICPR) has been launching a survey involving the Network of Italian CR centers, which will make possible to observe trends, implement guidelines recommendations and then verify the effectiveness of the interventions and outcomes in post-acute and chronic CAD.