bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applied, type and rational-using of code switching in Insecurity novel
Authors: Ambanilah Eldalani , Hidayat Arif , Rosalinah Yanti
Published: August 2022

Background: People often used the code in their daily conversation, spoken or written language, formal or informal. When people do code switching, it can make them become bilingual.
Purpose: The objective of this paper is to find out how many code switching are applied, types of code switching in dialog between the characters in Insecurity novel of Angelina Johnson included the reasons for using the code switching.
Design and methods: The method used in this analysis is qualitative descriptive method with the library and internet research. This analysis focused on analyzing the types of code switching based on the theory of Poplack and reasons for using code switching based on Hoffman theory.
Results: The results of analysis found the total in dialog that code switching occurs 141 data from chapter 1 to 19. Total 3 types of code switching, that most widely used is intra-sentential occurs 122 times, then inter-sentential 13 times, while tag switching occurs 6 times. And also found that only six reasons based on Hoffman theory by talking about particular topic found 47 times, quoting somebody else found 3 times, being empathic found 14 times, interjection found 6 times, repetition used for clarification found only once, while intention of clarifying found 14 times.
Hypertextuality representation in a novel of J. Barnes: a history of the world in 10½ chapters
Authors: Shlipatska Anna
Published: August 2022

Background: The 21st century is marked by a drastic development of computer technology, which caused the growing interest in the hypertext. Despite the fact that it is mainly associated with the informational technology, the hypertext has also been a center of cross-disciplinary researches, as well as in the field of text linguistics.

Purpose: Hence, the present article deals with the hypertextuality phenomenon in the emotive prose.

Design and methods: By implementing the methods of comparative, structural, contextual, and intertextual analysis, the compositional and linguistic means of its representation are investigated on the basis of the novel by J. Barnes A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters.

Results: Julian Barnes is one of the most popular contemporary British writers. He is considered a postmodernism icon, whereas an American writer and critic J. C. Oates calls him a “pre-postmodernist”. He is an author to more than 20 novels. A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters (1989) is a novel where the author experimented with a form. The book consists of ten novellas and Parenthesis. As far as the novel is considered an icon of postmodernistic literature, the revelation of a hypertext system there makes it possible to claim hypertextuality a distinctive marker of a postmodernistic perception of the world.
Translation strategies of cultural words in Tarian Bumi novel and its translation
Authors: Robingah  , Ali Ahmad Jum'a Khatib Nur
Published: August 2022

Background: Translation is an activity of changing meaning from source language into target language. There are a lot of problems encounter by the translator in translating text such as problem in translating literature text, cultural items, idiomatic expression, and many others. Tarian Bumi is an Indonesian novel written by Oke Rusmini where in the novel there are a lot of cultural words, cultural items, especially Balinese culture. Purpose: The purposes of this research article are to categorize the cultural words using Newmark’s theory and to analyze the translation strategies of those cultural words in Tarian Bumi novel and its translation. Design and methods: This research article applied qualitative methods and using documentation technique in collecting the data. In categorizing the cultural words, Newmark’s theory is applied. To find out the translation strategies used by the translator, the theory of Baker of Translation strategy is used. Results: The cultural words found in Tarian Bumi novel and its translation are 58 data. From Newmark’s theory of cultural words category, there are 4 categories found, they are: ecology with 1 data, material culture with 14 data, social culture with 6 data, and organization, concept, ideas with 35 data. After the data are categorized based on the cultural category, then writer analyzed the translation strategies. The result is there are only 5 translation strategies found. The strategies found are: 1) translation by more general word 9 data, 2) translation by using cultural substitution 12 data, 3) translation by using loan word or loan word plus explanation 25 data, 4) descriptive equivalent 11 data, 5) translation by omission with only 1 data.
Use of teacher's language style in the grade 3 learning process of Ciheuleut 1 Elementary School Bogor
Authors: Yusyifa Yuhan
Published: August 2022

Background: the communication pattern applied by the teacher becomes a vital thing to be discussed.

Purpose: This study aims to find the use of the language style used by the teacher.

Design and methods: The research approach used is a qualitative approach. The research method used is content analysis. The data analysis of this research was carried out through the Miles and Huberman flow model consisting of: 1) identification, 2) data reduction, 3) data presentation, 4) conclusion drawing and verification, and 5) final conclusions and recommendations.

Results: third grade teachers at SD Negeri Ciheuleut 1 in communicating with students tend to prioritize conveying messages over other things. What is meant here is close communication so that messages from the teacher will be easier and faster to be understood by students.
Imperative sentence distribution on a novel
Authors: Helmanto Fachri
Published: August 2022

Background: Novel readers from Indonesia, especially students, are less able to distinguish the types of sentences. Purpose: This study aims to describe what are the kind of imperative sentences on Divergent Novel. Design and methods: The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The data that the researchers used as material for analysis were obtained in the novel Divergent by Veronica Roth. The procedure is as follows: 1) Selecting the data, obtained by marking parts of the text that are considered important and in accordance with the formulation of the problem; 2) Arrange the data in a systematic structure by grouping the data according to the research objectives and classifying the data into a data corpus; 3) Analyze and interpret data according to the elements studied. Based on the findings on step 2. Results: This study revealed the total imperative sentence found are 106 times. The details are as follows—the command category consists 41 times, the request category consists 28 times, the invitation category consists 4 times, the suggestion category consists 20 times, the advice category consists 7 times, the prohibition category consists 4 times, the compulsion category consists 2 times.
Translation techniques of manual text
Authors: Indarti Dwi
Published: August 2022

Background: Translators often deal with various types of texts, such as academic texts, journalistic texts, subtitle texts, legal texts, speech texts, literary texts, and manual texts. Manual text could be one of many interesting subjects of research in translation field. Translating manual text should follow the principles, such as communicative, short, concise, easy to read, reader-oriented, and natural in target language.
Purpose: This study examines the translation technique of 12 excerpt of Cosmos oven manual text in the form of phrases, clauses, and sentences translated from English into Indonesia.
Design and Method: This study uses 18 translation techniques to analyze the data that was taken from Cosmos oven manual text.
Results: The results of the study showed that there are five translation techniques found in Cosmos oven manual texts: amplification (30%), modulation (27%), reduction (27%), borrowing (8%), and literal translation (8%). Cosmos oven manual text mostly used amplification technique. There are some additional words or information, paraphrasing, making the text explicit to make the translation clear and help target readers understand the text
Role of verb in personification used in sharia economic topics on KONTAN news site
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad , Riady Yasir
Published: August 2022

Background: The linguistic registers related to the aspects of sharia economic including their figurative language become a problem when the readers are not a native speaker of Bahasa Indonesia. Purpose: This study focuses on the personification in the news of sharia economy found on Kontan website. Design and methods: It is used descriptive analytical study to analyze the topics. There are 20 data analyzed in this article, most of articles from KONTAN new site in several information or headlines Results: The result of analysis shows the role of verb in personification adds more layers of meaning. The recontextualization also occurs consistently in this clause. This syntactic impact on semantic meaning is evidently caused by verb’s grammatical function in the clause since the verb governs the subject and the object in the clause. This role shows the effect on semantic meaning producing recontextualization. These more layers of context also expand the layers of meaning into secondary meaning and so on. The analysis shows the verb’s syntactic properties cause the expansion of meaning and multiple layers of contexts. The underlying cognitive mechanism of this process is the role of verb in syntax also shows the function as the cognitive reference point of human action. Therefore, the projection of human action onto non-animate objects like common bank and sharia bank can occur and become cognitively accessible.
Examining teacher-made English test in a language school
Authors: Effendi Taufiq , Mayuni Ilza
Published: August 2022

Background: Multiple-choice, teacher-made English tests have constantly been popular due to their immediate alignment to classroom instructions. However, ample studies have indicated the need for continuous evaluation of their quality to allow evidence-based feedbacks for sustained betterment of assessment practices.

Purpose: This study sought to examine the quality of a multiple-choice, teacher-made English formative informal assessment for four classes of high school students of an English course in Madura, Indonesia.Design and methods: Data were collected from the test results of eighty students and put in an excel document. The data were then analysed with a computer application called Conquest to analyse the responses of each of the students on every item of the test. Based on this item response analysis, it turned out that the test could have achieved a higher credibility if necessary, moderations had been taken.

Results: The findings recommend that schools as well as teacher institutions need to provide necessary trainings to ensure in-service teachers and pre-service teachers possess adequate test development and test analysis expertise for continuous improvement of the learning, teaching and assessment practices.
Moral value of Nobita in subtitle of Stand By Me Doraemon 2
Authors: Cahya Denisa Puspa , Efendi Irwan
Published: August 2022

Background: Film acts as a new tool used to spread entertainment that has become a habit in the past and presents stories, events, music, drama, comedy and other technical offerings to the general public. Subtitling is a translation of film dialogue written at the bottom of a film. In other words, subtitles are in the form of text. And the purpose of translating the film or subtitle is to help viewers enjoy the storyline of the film they are watching. Purpose: This study aims to determine the moral values ​​of Nobita's character in the film Stand By Me Doraemon 2 through film subtitles. Design and methods: In this study, researchers used a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive research design and data collection techniques in this study used content analysis by analyzing the subtitles in the film Stan by Me Doraemon 2. Results: The results of the study, it was found that several characters in Nobita's character were: careless, not honest, lazy, loving, spoiled, crybaby, grumpy, passionate, outspoken, confident and brave. Of the existing characters, only a few characters are exemplary in everyday life, especially for elementary school students, such as compassionate, enthusiastic and brave.
Analysis of racism depicted in Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred novel
Authors: Priyadi Sherina Ananda , Effendi Taufiq
Published: August 2022

Background: This research analyzes forms of racism experienced by Edana Franklin in the novel entitled Kindred by Octavia E. Butler.
Purpose: The intent of the research is to discover the forms of racism encountered by Edana Franklin, as the main character of the novel.
Design and methods: The method that is used is descriptive qualitative method. The source data is Edana Franklin’s experiences of slavery/racism conduct in the novel written by Octavia E. Butler. The researcher uses Henry and Tator forms of racism theory, secluded by four forms which are: Internalized Racism, Interpersonal Racism, Institutional Racism, and Structural Racism to define the racism depicted in the novel “Kindred”.
Results: After analyzing Kindred, the researcher found an amount of forms of racism. The first one is Internalized Racism five (5) data, Interpersonal Racism twenty-three (23) data, Institutional Racism six (6) data, Structural Racism twenty (20) data. Resulting to the total of fifty-four (54) data in total.
Error analysis on abstracts of the students' final writing projects
Authors: Rahmi Gita
Published: August 2022

Background: Writing final project is one of the requirements for graduation from the college and abstract is one of the elements that students need to write too. Students' errors in writing abstracts need to be analyzed.
Purpose: This research was conducted to find out errors made by the students.
Design and Methods: In this qualitative research, the data were collected from students' abstracts of their final writings. There were six abstracts from six students collected and investigated. The data were analyzed by using theory from Dulay, Burt and Krashen (1982). The errors were classified as omission, addition, misformation and misordering.
Results: Based on the research, it was found that the students had 34 errors in their abstracts. The students made 10 errors of omission, 2 errors of addition, 20 errors of misformation and 2 errors for misordering. The result of this research is expected to help the lecturers find out the solutions to overcome the errors in students’ writing.  For the students themselves, it is expected that the research shows them the common errors and difficulties in academic writing, especially abstract.
Parental discourse strategies in Indonesian multilingual families
Authors: Pujiawati Nia , Riady Yasir
Published: August 2022

Background:  In Indonesia, the amount of family speaking more than one language recently increase in intensity. They not only speak their official language and mother tongue for daily communication, but do they also be fluent in another foreign language for example English. Purpose: The present study closely examines spontaneous interactions between parents and children and explore the family members’ efforts to shape children’s foreign language use and learning outcomes. The focus is on the parental discourse strategies which presents a sequential analysis of the child’s language mixing in interaction which each parent and how the parent reacts to that mixing. Design and methods: To obtain the data, open-ended questionnaires were sent out to five families in which the children actively use English in their daily conversation. Using Lanza’s (1997) parental discourse strategies. Results: the result reveals that parents mostly follow code-switching in negotiating and enforcing their children to maintain their communication in English.
Identification of Malay culture in Rarra characters in Nussa Rarra animation
Authors: Karmenita Viona , Helmanto Fachri
Published: August 2022

Background:  Nussa Rarra animation is a children's animation in which there are many lessons that can be taken for everyday life. Both in terms of behavior, humility, and leads to religion. In this animation, of course, there is a culture attached to the animated characters in it.

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the Malay culture contained in the character of Rarra in the animation of Nussa Rarra

Design and methods: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The type of research used is content analysis method.

Results: The results of this study indicate that in Rarra's character there is polite behavior, soft spoken, honest, and someone who is so very friendly, this is assumed to be a form of Malay culture. And it can be concluded that there are several forms of Malay culture that are applied to the character of Rarra in the Nussa Rarra animation, namely politeness, gentle speech, honesty, and a friendly attitude.
Analysis of cultural values in the folklore of Putri Mandalika
Authors: Al-Madia Fersa Maulida , Ichsan Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Background: Mandalika is used as an international event, where the name of the place comes from Lombok folklore.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the cultural values ​​of the folk tale entitled Putri Mandalika which is found in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara.

Design & Methods: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach to content analysis methods with descriptive analysis techniques. The data source used is a document in the form of a book entitled Putri Mandalika folklore.

Results: The results of the study revealed that there are three groups of cultural values ​​contained in the Putri Mandalika folklore, namely, cultural values ​​of human relations with nature, cultural values ​​of human relations with society, and cultural values ​​of human relations with other people.
analysis of the onomatopoeia in “COCO” movie
Authors: Sabrina Fira , Puteri Winanda Aghniya
Published: August 2022

Background:  when people watch movies, they not only enjoy the pictures and the action but also related to linguistic expression. One of them is onomatopoeia, which makes dialogue in the film becomes more interesting. Purpose: This research aims to describe kind of onomatopoeic words used in the COCO movie. Design and methods: This method of this research was a descriptive qualitative research. The data were analyzed for collecting the primary and secondary onomatopoeia. In collecting the data for the analysis the source data was taken from the movie entitled “COCO”. In collecting data, at this step, there were some steps that would be applied by the researchers: 1) Watch the movie, 2) Identify the dialogues and action which had Onomatopoeia from the movie, 3) List the Onomatopoeic words by marking and selecting the onomatopoeic words from the movie by applying note taking technique Results: this research revealed 20 onomatopoeic expressions or words and these 20 expressions were divided into 3 classifications, namely the first classification is onomatopoeic words, the second classification is onomatopoeic meaning, and the third classification is contextual meaning. Furthermore, this study exposed 9 primary onomatopoeia and 11 secondary onomatopoeia from the data. Based on the classification of onomatopoeia with the voice described, the researchers found 8 human voice data, 1 animal voice data, 11 other sounds.
Agglutinative language in bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Febrian Gilang , Novitasari Ulfa , Hidayat Arif
Published: August 2022

Background:  Morphology, defined as the internal structure of words, has always played an important role in linguistic typology, and it is with the morphological classification of languages into fusional, agglutinative, and isolation This paper will take one language as an example or object that is Indonesian language, and analysis the morphological typology characteristics in the Indonesian language. Purpose: This research is to find out the all characteristic of the morphology typology and analysis Indonesian language based on the agglutinative language because Indonesian language has same type with agglutinative language. Design and methods: This paper using descriptive qualitative method. The author analysis all of morphology typology branch especially agglutinative.  To support analysis, the author using theory from other journal to strength the result of analysis. Results: The result show the Indonesian language is included to agglutinative language based on the analysis.
Figurative language in songs for English Learning
Authors: Putri Elvara Artamevya Raharjo , Effendi Taufiq , Syafrudin Syarifah Azharina
Published: August 2022

Background:  Songs have long been popular literary works for learning English. One way is by paying attention to figurative language used in songs popular among EFL learners. Purpose: This study was aimed at identifying the types of figurative language used in songs recently popular among Indonesian youth. Design and methods: The data were purposively collected from a sample of three songs of a famous album. The data were qualitatively analysed by using Gorys Keraf’s theory. Results: Finally, it is recommended that types of figurative language need to be taught to and learned by EFL learners to help enhance their comprehension when dealing with popular literary works like songs.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. D DI BPM TUGIRAH, A.Md. Keb. DESA WONOSARI KEC. KEBUMEN KAB. KEBUMEN
Authors: Utami Annisa Budi
Published: August 2022

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) merupakan salah satu indikator derajat kesehatan. Masalah kesehatan di Indonesia paling utama disebabkan karena tingginya angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Untuk memberikan kontribusi nyata dalam menurunkan AKI dan AKB penulis memberikan asuhan kebidanan dari hamil, bersalin, nifas, bayi baru lahir dan KB secara komprehensif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu memberikan pelayanan berkualitas dengan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif melalui pendekatan manejemen kebidanan 7 langkah varney.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan adalah observasional deskriptif di BPM Tugirah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan dan dokumentasi. Analisis studi kasus dengan 7 langkah varney. Hasil Laporan kasus dan bahasan penelitian ini yaitu menerapkan dan memberikan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif pada Ny. D dari hamil, bersalin, nifas, bayi baru lahir, neonatus dan KB. Selama memberikan asuhan kebidanan tidak terdapat komplikasi pada Ny. D dan terdapat kesenjangan antara teori dan praktik di lahan, pada pemeriksaan kehamilan bidan menggunakan 10T, dan pelaksanaan asuhan persalinan normal bidan menggunakan 58 langkah.
HUBUNGAN BERAT BADAN DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMK N 6 PURWOREJO KABUPATEN PURWOREJO
Authors: Sholichah Nur , Pramiswari Larissa Ika
Published: August 2022

Siklus menstruasi dimulai sejak hari pertama sampai datangnya menstruasi berikutnya. Pada siswi SMKN 6 Purworejo yang kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas I mempengaruhi terjadinya gangguan siklus menstruasi. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan berat badan dengan siklus menstruasi pada remaja putri di SMKN 6 Purworejo. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian siswi SMKN 6 Purworejo 106 siswi, dengan simple random sampling sampel 84 siswi. Teknik pengambilan data dengan cheklist. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square dengan komputerisasi program SPSS Versi 25.00. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil signifikasi p (0,000) < ɑ (0,05), kesimpulan ada hubungan berat badan dengan siklus menstruasi pada remaja putri di SMKN 6 Purworejo, sehingga terdapat hubungan antara berat badan dengan siklus menstruasi pada remaja putri di SMKN 6 Purworejo.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN IBU HAMIL, BERSALIN, NIFAS, DAN BAYI BARU LAHIR PADA NY.H DI BPM SEMI NURYATI Amd.Keb KECAMATAN NGOMBOL
Authors: Kusuma P Shaella , Pangestuti Restu
Published: August 2022

Untuk meningkatkan kesehatan maternal dan neonatal serta pelayanan kesehatan guna mengurangi angka kematian ibu dan bayi, dilakukan asuhan kebidanan secara komprehensif pada Ny. Hermawati dari kehamilan 41 minggu, bersalin, nifas, bayi baru lahir serta KB di BPM. Semi Nuryati Amd.Keb. Tujuan studi kasus yaitu memberikan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif sesuai dengan 7 langkah varney pada Ny. H di BPM. Semi Nuryati Amd.Keb, Ngombol, Purworejo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah obsevasional deskriptif. Pada studi kasus Ny. Hermawati mulai dari kehamilan, bersalin, nifas, BBL dan KB fisiologis dilakukan dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan dan dokumentasi. Hasil laporan kasus dan bahasan yaitu penulis melakukan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif pada Ny. Hermawati dari hamil didapatkan hasil normal, asuhan bersalin didapatkan ibu bersalin normal dan bayi lahir spontan normal, dari asuhan BBL didapat kondisi bayi normal, asuhan nifas didapatkan hasil normal serta asuhan KB ibu menggunakan suntik 3 bulan. Pada studi kasus ini ditemukan kesenjangan antara praktek dengan teori yaitu pada perawatan tali pusat.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN IBU HAMIL, BERSALIN, NIFAS, DAN BAYI BARU LAHIR PADA NY.N DI BPM SETYO ARI SUSANTI Amd. Keb KECAMATAN NGOMBOL
Authors: Fibriyah Siti Khozinatul , Siswanto Irwan
Published: August 2022

Besarnya Angka Kematian Indonesia (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Indonesia mendorong tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehata maternal dan neonatal dalam membantu program pemerintah untuk mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan sehingga penulis tertarik untuk menerapkan asuhan kebidanan komperhensif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan asuhan kebidanan secara komperhensif sesuai dengan 7 langkah varney pada Ny. Nuraniyah usia 25 tahun dari masa kehamilan, persalinan, nifas, BBL hingga KB. Metode penelitian ini menggunkan metode observasional deskriptif. Pada studi kasus Ny.Nuraniyah mulai dari kehamilan, bersalin, nifas, BBL Baru Lahir, di BPM setyo Ari.S Amd. Keb. Dilakukan dengan teknik pengumpulan data dari wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan dan dokumentasi, dan mendeskrpsikan data untuk menyajikan dari hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Ny. Nuraniyah pada masa kehamilan normal, persalinan spontan, nifas normal, pemeriksakaan BBL didapat hasil semua normal, dan ibu menggunakan alat kontrasepsi Kondom serta ditemukan kesenjangan pada kunjungan ANC Trisemester I.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY S USIA 23 TAHUN DI BPM SRI JUMIYATI A.Md.Keb WALUYO BULUSPESANTREN KEBUMEN
Authors: Amaliyah Ika Patun , Putra Afris Ade
Published: August 2022

Di Indonesia masih banyak jumlah AKI dan AKB, hal ini mendorong tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan maternal dan neonatal dalam membantu program pemerintah mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan studi kasus yaitu mampu memberikan dan melaksanakan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif dari masa kehamilan, persalinan, nifas, BBL, dan KB. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Observasional deskriptif dengan memberikan asuhan komprehensif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi pemeriksaan dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan pendekatan 7 langkah varney. Hasil laporan kasus dan Bahasan yaitu penulis melakukan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif dari masa kehamilan, persalinan, nifas, BBL, dan KB pada Ny. S usia 23 tahun di BPM Sri Jumiyati.Amd.Keb. pada saat hamil TM II terdapat komplikasi anemia tetapi setelah TM III ibu dalam keadaan normal.
PENGARUH KONSELING TENTANG KB SUNTIK 3 BULAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BUTUH KABUPATEN PURWOREJO
Authors: Kurniawati Nindya , Azizah Lutfi Nur
Published: August 2022

Informasi merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi seseorang, kurangnya informasi dapat mengakibatkan kurangnya pengetahuan seseorang. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan terhadap 10 akseptor KB yang menjawab pertanyaan tentang keuntungan, kerugian, indikasi, kontra indikasi, dan efek samping kb suntik 3 bulan terdapat 6 orang yang tidak bisa menjawab pertanyaan dan 4 orang bisa menjawab pertanyaan. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh konseling tentang KB suntik 3 bulan terhadap pengetahuan ibu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Butuh Purworejo. Metode Penelitian menggunakan pre eksperiment design dengan pendekatan one grup pretest-posttest. Jumlah populasi semua ibu yang menggunakan kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan dan jumlah sampel 35 orang, dengan teknik sampling Accidental Sampling. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired t-test. Hasil Penelitian dari uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk nilai p > α (0,05), uji paired t-test nilai signifikasi (p) 0,00 < (α) 0,05 dan nilai Lower dan Upper tidak melewati angka nol (0), rata-rata nilai sebelum konseling 17,43 dan sesudah konseling 22,03. Terdapat pengaruh konseling tentang kb suntik 3 bulan terhadap pengetahuan ibu dengan selisih nilai pretest dan posttest sebesar 4,6.
Roles, Rousseau, and Respect for Persons
Authors: Rozeboom Grant J. ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: August 2022

Why does respect for persons involves accepting that persons have responsibilities, and not just authority, for their lives and interactions? I show how we can answer this question with a role-based view: respect for persons is an attitude of recognizing others for a social role they occupy. To fill in a role-based view, we need to describe the practice into which the pertinent role figures. To do this, my account draws on the Rousseauian idea of inflamed amour-propre. Roughly, respect for persons is an attitude of recognizing persons for the role they occupy in a social practice that helps solve the problem of inflamed amour-propre.
RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES IN NORTH EASTERN REGION OF China
Authors: Gan Wenxiu
Published: August 2022

In China, some rural areas are witnessing a new entrepreneurial revolution. Rural entrepreneurship has become a key driver of economic development in the country. With their innovative ideas and efforts, rural entrepreneurs have created new jobs and economic growth models in rural areas. But equally as important is that they are creating opportunities for local people to participate in the economy, contributing to social equity and building a common future for China's rural farmers and communities. Rural entrepreneurship is an opportunity for people who have not previously enjoyed similar opportunities because of their geographical location or lack of education or more traditional sources of employment. They bring innovation, business skills, and capital into these regions at levels previously unfeasible without the assistance from these entrepreneurs.
Electrical energy storage with engineered biological systems
Authors: Hongping Qin  , Zhang Xun , Youwu Xu
Published: August 2022

Bioenergy storage systems in plants and animals involve a number of different metabolic pathways that can be utilized to store the energy obtained from external sources. One of these pathways entails the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids and their subsequent esterification into triglycerides. This provides a natural storage form for the energy produced by photosynthesis, which is used as an alternative to batteries or other forms of electrical storage. These energy storage systems provide a means to store energy while still using the natural productivity of the system. The results of this study will be used to investigate how long-term storage alters metabolic pathways due to the effects of temperature and sunlight. This will provide insight into how these types of organisms can be manipulated for use as a possible alternative form of electrical energy storage and hopefully have a positive effect in regards to our daily lives.
Mean clustering estimation method of financial profit of financial derivatives of listed companies
Authors: Tian Wang, Yining Wang, Xiangyang Zhang, Zengxin Li
Published: August 2022

This research study aims to measure the nexus between that green financial management, economic development, and that system in a post-pandemic world. This paper is based on the financial profit of financial derivatives of listed companies. This paper is an analytical and calculating instrument for analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of your company's cost-benefit tradeoff, and improving management efficiency. This research is based on secondary data form, and data was collected from the world development indicators. By data was collected used different websites regarding green financial management and the post-pandemic world. This research study depends on an analysis based and for test analysis used eviews software to measure the nexus between economic development and systems, the green financial management in a post-pandemic world. This research study used different tools and techniques, including descriptive statistical analysis, the correlation coefficient, and the regression test analysis between dependent and independent variables. The unit root test and histogram graphical test analysis also presented the effect of green financial management and the post-pandemic of the world (COVID-19). For this purpose used some variables related to economic development, including gross domestic product (GDP), Per capita income (PCI), working capital (W.C.), etc. For measuring the data analysis, the overall result found an inverse (Negative) impact between green financial management and economic development due to the post-pandemic of world.
Anatomical Variability in the Origin, Length and Termination of Basilar Artery and its Clinical Implications
Authors: Kalaiyarasi S , Sivakami T , Sumathi S
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Basilar artery is one of the frequent locations for cerebrovascular lesions like aneurysm, thrombosis and haemorrhage. Hence,an intricate knowledge of its variant anatomy is essential for diagnostic procedures like Computed Tomography (CT) brain and Magnetic Resonance (MR) angiography. An accurate interpretation of the arterial pattern will help in performing surgeries of brain stem precisely. Any misinterpretation of arterial pattern may affect the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. Aim: To elucidate the anatomical variability in the origin, length and termination of basilar artery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020, on 100 human cadaveric brain specimens available in the Department of Anatomy at Government Medical College Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India. The morphology of the basilar artery was studied with respect to the level of the origin, length, level and mode of termination of the basilar artery. Results: Among the 100 human cadaveric brain specimens dissected and examined (mean age of 63.4 years), the mean length of basilar arteries was 2.792±0.32 cm. In all 100 specimens, the basilar artery was formed by the union of right and left vertebral arteries. The basilar artery was found to originate at the level of pontomedullary junction in 84%, below the pontomedullary junction in 14% and above the pontomedullary junction in 2% of specimens. The termination of basilar artery was at the level of upper border of pons in 90%, below the upper border of pons in 7% and above in the interpeduncular fossa in 3% of specimens. The mode of termination was 'V’ shaped in 83%, 'T' shaped in 10%, trifurcation in 3%, quadrifurcation in 3% and pentafurcation in 1% of specimens. Fenestration of basilar artery was seen in 1%. Other variations of basilar artery like duplication were not detected. Conclusion: The level and mode of origin and termination of basilar artery are important with regard to surgical procedures in the lower basilar region. Variations in the basilar artery should be identified preoperatively so that neurosurgeons can modify the surgical approaches.
Morphometric Dimensions of Superior Orbital Fissure: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Amarbir , Delmotra Poonam , Singh Kuldeep , Kullar JS , Sharma Ravi Kant
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Superior Orbital Fissure (SOF) is located between the roof and lateral wall of the orbit. SOF exhibits complex anatomy because of abundant neurovascular structures running through or near it and it connects the orbit with cranial cavity. Variant anatomy, in terms of morphology of SOF is well documented in literature, but data regarding morphometrical study of SOF is limited. Aim: To provide a baseline data on morphometry of SOF. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2010 to September 2010, on 60 SOF in 30 dry adult human skulls of unknown age and sex collected from Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India. A Vernier caliper with least count of 0.02 mm, a large scale with least count of 1 mm, a divider and probes were used to measure maximum anteroposterior and transverse diameters of parts of SOF, and distance from spina-rectalis to anterior and posterior end of SOF. Data was collected on right and left-sides and mean with standard deviation and range of measurements and p-value were calculated. Results: A total of 60 SOFs were analysed from 30 adult human skulls. Maximum anteroposterior diameter of inferomedial part was 6.335±1.56 mm on right-side and 5.81±1.34 mm on left- side. Maximum transverse diameter of inferomedial part was 5.82±1.69 mm on right-side and 5.19±2.04 mm on left-side. Maximum anteroposterior diameter of superolateral part was 10.59±2.48 mm and 11.32±2.09 mm on right and left-side, respectively. Maximum transverse diameter of superolateral part was 3.57±0.82 mm and 3.68±1.23 mm. Distance of spina-rectalis from anterior end was 8.37±2.42 mm and 8.03±2.59 mm on right and left-sides. Distance of spina-rectalis from posterior end was 9.39±2.59 mm and 10.62±3.41 mm. Conclusion: Mean of different diameters on right and left-side were compared to each other and it was found, that, there was no statistically significant difference.
Role of MRI in Diagnosis of Uterine Caesarean Scar Endometriosis: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Arushi , Venkatesh M
Published: August 2022

Endometriosis refers to the implantation and growth of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The common sites include ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, deep pelvic subperitoneal spaces, intestinal system, and urinary system. Endometriosis of a uterine scar is extremely rare. Uterine scar endometriosis has been described in women of reproductive ages following an obstetrical or gynaecological surgery. Despite a varying range of clinical presentations, a probable diagnosis is possible with imaging modalities like ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Herein the authors report a case of 26-year-old patient complaining of recurrent pelvic pain since five months, MRI diagnosed the scar endometrioma in the uterine wall. The patient has not undergone the advised surgical excision of lesion and has continued the medical management.
Doppler Ultrasonography in Planning Arteriovenous Fistula for Haemodialysis with Follow-up for Maturity and Complications- A Cohort Study
Authors: Pranav VK , Babu CR Srinivasa , Shashidhar KP
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Patients having End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) require kidney replacement therapy for survival. As kidney transplantation is expensive, haemodialysis using an Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) is the preferred mode of management. Preoperative assessment of blood vessels using Doppler Ultrasonography (DUS) in the creation of an efficient AVF. Aim: To use DUS for the evaluation and mapping of blood vessels, selection for AVF construction, the time taken for fistula maturation, the primary patency rate, the vascular changes in major co-morbidities and the complications on follow-up. Materials and Methods: An observational and cohort study of 100 patients requiring AVF for haemodialysis was undertaken between January 2015 to November 2016 at Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, PES Institute of Medical sciences and Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Pre-operative vascular evaluation using duplex DUS was performed to know the diameter, caliber, distensibility of veins and flow velocity of arteries. Postoperative follow-up was done in fourth and sixth week for early detection and management of complications. Results: The study included total of 100 patients (64 men and 36 women, mean age of 40±15.4 years) requiring AVF aged between 16 to 65 years. Following vascular mapping, Brachio- Cephalic Fistula (BCF) was constructed in 48 and Radio- Cephalic Fistula (RCF) in 52 patients. A mean diameter of 2.1 mm for cephalic vein in forearm and 2.6 mm in arm was adequate for AVF construction. Overall maturity rate was 75% and time taken for maturation was 4 weeks for BCF, 6 weeks for RCF and one year primary patency rate was 80%. Complications were noted in 30%, included thrombosis, haematoma, stenosis, pseudoaneurysm and so on. Conclusion: Preoperative DUS is an economical investigation with exceptional ability to visualise vascular features and aids in planning reliable AVF. Systematic postoperative surveillance of AVF reduces the risk of failure due to early detection and management of complications.
Different Positions of Vermiform Appendix in Human Cadavers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sarma Mukul , Dutta Malamoni , Doley Annie
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The vermiform appendix is a wormlike tube situated in the right iliac fossa. It arises from the posteromedial cecal wall, 2 cm or less below the end of the ileum and suspended by a peritoneal fold known as meso appendix. Position of the appendix influences its mobility. Most common position of appendix has been reported to be retrocecal followed by pelvic position. But there are other variable positions also reported by many. Aim: To study the anatomical variations of the positions of vermiform appendix in human cadavers. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from June 2020 to May 2021. Total 14 adult cadavers and 66 new born cadavers were included in the study. All the cadavers were dissected and abdominal cavity was explored. The position of the appendix was then noted in all specimens. Results: In most of the cases the position of vermiform appendix was found in retrocecal position followed by pelvic, pre-ileal and paracolic. In adults, retrocecal positions were more in males (88.9%) than females (40%) in contrast to newborns where retrocaecal positions were more in females (76.7%). As a whole, retrocecal position (66.25%) of appendix was the commonest finding in all cadavers. This was followed by pelvic (30%) position. Paracolic (2.5%) and pre-ilial (1.25%) positions were also noted in newborn cadaver. Conclusion: Knowing the variations in the position of appendix will guide the surgeons during intraoperative procedures. Since the positions of appendix vary considerably signs and symptoms also vary depending upon the different positions. Hence, the knowledge of its diverse anatomical positions is of utmost importance which helps the surgeons in proper management of appendicular pathology.
Meniscal Dimensions and its Clinical Implications- A Foetal Cadaveric Study
Authors: Selvaraj Sutha , Sundaram Jamuna Meenakshi , Mani Vijaianand , Mariappan Sobana , Shanmugam Jeevithan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The menisci are made up of fibrocartilage. The menisci are prone for injuries and treated by meniscal repair, meniscectomy and the meniscal allograft transplantation. The knowledge about the morphometry is necessary for orthopaedician, embryologist and morphologist. Aim: To analyse the morphometric parameters of medial and lateral menisci in the knee joint of foetuses. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, during the year May 2015 to May 2017 in seven males and eight female foetuses with gestational age ranging from 20-37 weeks. After dissection, the morphometric parameters like peripheral and inner length, width and thickness of anterior 1/3rd, middle 1/3rd and posterior 1/3rd of the menisci was measured using digital vernier callipers. ANOVA and paired t-test was used to compare the parameters between gender and sides. Results: The morphometry was studied in 14 male and 16 female knee joints (30 medial and 30 lateral menisci). In the medial menisci width of anterior 1/3rd was significantly narrower than the middle and posterior 1/3rd. In lateral menisci, width of middle 1/3rd was greater than anterior and posterior 1/3rd which was statistically insignificant. There were no statistically significant morphometric differences between gender and sides. Conclusion: The part of the menisci which were narrower was less prone for injuries. The knowledge of the morphometric parameters in particular the width and thickness of the menisci determines the commonest area of injury. This study provides morphometric data of menisci in foetuses as it is scarce.
A Cadaveric Study of Radial Artery and Cephalic Vein in Forearm and Hand: A Guideline for Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula Planning
Authors: Mahajan Arpita , Shashank Sanskriti , Muthukrshnan P , Verma Ranjana , Razdan Shayama Kumari
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The creation and maintenance of uninterrupted Haemodialysis (HD) is dependent on the quality and reliability of vascular access. The native Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula (RCAVF) is the vascular access of choice for HD in patients with end stage renal diseases. A thorough understanding of the vascular anatomy is critical in selecting the site for the RCAVF that provides the flow rates necessary for the development of an optimal outflow vein. The widespread use of the doppler ultrasound has facilitated the identification of vessels that are suitable for fistula construction. Aim: To analyse the surgical anatomy of radial artery and cephalic vein in the front of forearm and dorsum of hand, pertinent to RCAVF planning. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional cadaveric of 30 formalin preserved upper limbs specimens of adult human cadavers was done in the Department of Anatomy, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, (n=22 limbs) from August 2016 to April 2018 and Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India (n=8 limbs) from November 2018 to November 2019. The external diameter of radial artery, cephalic vein and distance between radial artery and cephalic vein were measured at mid forearm, front of wrist and Anatomical Snuff Box (ASB). Measurements were taken with sliding vernier caliper to an accuracy of 0.01 mm. All the measurements were tabulated separately for right and left-side. The data was analysed using Microsoft excel. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation (SD) and range were evaluated for all the parameters collected. The paired t-test was applied to compare the right and left-side measurements. Results: Amongst 30 formalin preserved specimens of upper limbs of human cadavers analysed, the diameter of radial artery was 3±0.26 mm on the right-side and 2.87±0.24 mm on the left- side and of cephalic vein was 2.5±0.59 mm on the right-side and 2.9±0.33 mm in ASB. The distance between radial artery and cephalic vein were 2.5 ±0.59 mm on the right-side and 2.9±0.33 mm on the left-side which was minimum in ASB. The distance between radial artery and cephalic vein was maximum at wrist (4.02±0.76 mm and 4.2±0.71 mm on the right and left hand). Conclusion: The fistula formation in ASB may give better results as the radial artery and cephalic vein are closer as compared to wrist and midforearm with reasonable diameter. Additionally, it would also provide long segment of vein for arterialization.