bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CTCF boundary remodels chromatin domain and drives aberrant HOX gene transcription in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Luo Huacheng , Wang Fei , Zha Jie , Li Haoli , Yan Bowen , Du Qinghua , Yang Fengchun , Sobh Amin , Vulpe Christopher , Drusbosky Leylah , Cogle Christopher , Chepelev Iouri , Xu Bing , Nimer Stephen D. , Licht Jonathan , Qiu Yi , Chen Baoan , Xu Mingjiang , Huang Suming
Published: May 2018

Key Points

CRISPR-Cas9 library screening identifies CBS7/9 boundary that defines an aberrant HOXA chromatin domain and HOX gene transcription in AML. Attenuation of CBS7/9 boundary impairs the leukemic transcription program and attenuates leukemic progressions in AML mouse models.
Model-based meta-analysis to evaluate optimal doses of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Yoshioka Hideki , Sato Hiromi , Hatakeyama Hiroto , Hisaka Akihiro
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Simulations suggested that the dose reduction of rivaroxaban would decrease fatal events associated with major bleeding. Dose optimization of FXa inhibitors might further enhance their therapeutic benefit.
EcoEvo-MAPS: An Ecology and Evolution Assessment for Introductory through Advanced Undergraduates
Authors: Summers Mindi M. , Couch Brian A. , Knight Jennifer K. , Brownell Sara E. , Crowe Alison J. , Semsar Katharine , Wright Christian D. , Smith Michelle K.
Published: May 2018

A new assessment tool, Ecology and Evolution–Measuring Achievement and Progression in Science or EcoEvo-MAPS, measures student thinking in ecology and evolution during an undergraduate course of study. EcoEvo-MAPS targets foundational concepts in ecology and evolution and uses a novel approach that asks students to evaluate a series of predictions, conclusions, or interpretations as likely or unlikely to be true given a specific scenario. We collected evidence of validity and reliability for EcoEvo-MAPS through an iterative process of faculty review, student interviews, and analyses of assessment data from more than 3000 students at 34 associate’s-, bachelor’s-, master’s-, and doctoral-granting institutions. The 63 likely/unlikely statements range in difficulty and target student understanding of key concepts aligned with the Vision and Change report. This assessment provides departments with a tool to measure student thinking at different time points in the curriculum and provides data that can be used to inform curricular and instructional modifications.
A Community-Building Framework for Collaborative Research Coordination across the Education and Biology Research Disciplines
Authors: Pelaez Nancy , Anderson Trevor R. , Gardner Stephanie M. , Yin Yue , Abraham Joel K. , Bartlett Edward L. , Gormally Cara , Hurney Carol A. , Long Tammy M. , Newman Dina L. , Sirum Karen , Stevens Michael T.
Published: May 2018

Since 2009, the U.S. National Science Foundation Directorate for Biological Sciences has funded Research Coordination Networks (RCN) aimed at collaborative efforts to improve participation, learning, and assessment in undergraduate biology education (UBE). RCN-UBE projects focus on coordination and communication among scientists and educators who are fostering improved and innovative approaches to biology education. When faculty members collaborate with the overarching goal of advancing undergraduate biology education, there is a need to optimize collaboration between participants in order to deeply integrate the knowledge across disciplinary boundaries. In this essay we propose a novel guiding framework for bringing colleagues together to advance knowledge and its integration across disciplines, the “Five ‘C’s’ of Collaboration: Commitment, Collegiality, Communication, Consensus, and Continuity.” This guiding framework for professional network practice is informed by both relevant literature and empirical evidence from community-building experience within the RCN-UBE Advancing Competencies in Experimentation–Biology (ACE-Bio) Network. The framework is presented with practical examples to illustrate how it might be used to enhance collaboration between new and existing participants in the ACE-Bio Network as well as within other interdisciplinary networks.
Establishing a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program in Botswana
Authors: Slone Jeremy S. , Slone Amanda K. , Wally Oaitse , Semetsa Pearl , Raletshegwana Mpho , Alisanski Susan , Force Lisa M. , Chinyundo Kamusisi , Margolin Judith , Agrawal Anurag K. , Anderson Alan R. , Scheurer Michael E. , Mehta Parth S.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Annually, 300,000 children are diagnosed with cancer, and the majority of these children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Currently, there is incomplete information on pediatric cancer incidence, diagnosis distribution, and treatment outcomes in Africa. Since 2007, a pediatric hematology-oncology program has been operating in Botswana through a partnership between the Botswana government, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital.

Methods

To better understand patient characteristics and outcomes at Botswana’s only pediatric cancer program, a hospital-based data base—the Botswana Pediatric Oncology Database—was established in 2014. Children younger than 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis who presented between 2008 and 2015 were included. Data for this study were extracted in February 2016.

Results

Of the 240 potential enrollees, 185 (77%) children met eligibility for this study. The median age was 6.4 years, and 50.8% were male. Leukemia was the most common malignancy representing 18.9% of the cohort and 88.1% of the total cohort had a histopathologic diagnosis. HIV seropositivity was confirmed in 13.5%. The 2-year overall survival of all pediatric cancer diagnoses was 52.4%. Abandonment of treatment occurred in 3.8% of patients.

Conclusion

In the first 9 years of the program, capacity has been developed through a longstanding partnership between Botswana and Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital that has led to children receiving care for cancer and blood disorders. Although continued improvements are necessary, outcomes to date indicate that children with cancer in Botswana can be successfully diagnosed and treated.
Applying Precision Oncology Principles in Radiation Oncology
Authors: Kamran Sophia C. , Mouw Kent W.
Published: May 2018

Radiation therapy is a critical component in the curative management of many solid tumor types, and advances in radiation delivery techniques during the past decade have led to improved disease control and quality of life for patients. During the same period, remarkable advances have also been made in understanding the genomic landscape of tumors; however, treatment decisions in radiation oncology continue to depend primarily on clinical and histopathologic characteristics rather than on the genetic features of the tumor or the patient. With the development of novel genomic techniques and their increasing use in clinical practice, radiation oncology is uniquely positioned to leverage these advances to identify novel biomarkers that could inform radiation dose, field, and the use of concurrent systemic agents. Here, we summarize efforts to use genomic techniques to guide radiation decisions, and we highlight some of the current opportunities and challenges that exist in attempting to apply precision oncology principles in radiation oncology.
The Dog That Almost Barked: What the ACA Repeal Fight Says about the Resilience of the American Welfare State
Authors: Hacker Jacob S. , Pierson Paul
Published: May 2018

The 2017 GOP drive to “repeal and replace” the Affordable Care Act (ACA) arguably constituted the most ambitious effort to dismantle a social program in American history. Certainly it was the most ambitious to come so close to enactment, falling just three votes short in the Senate. According to an extensive body of scholarship, this near miss should have been nearly impossible. The political fallout associated with dismantling social programs, as well as their entrenchment in social and economic life, should deter electorally sensitive politicians from undertaking retrenchment of the scale Republicans sought. To unravel this mystery, we explain how the radicalization of the GOP is rooted in distinct electoral and organizational realities that have simultaneously increased the party's desire to move right and its capacity to do so—even when the policies that Republicans seek to enact are distinctly unpopular. We also explain why the ACA was underentrenched and why Republicans believed they could use legislative procedures and policy design to minimize the risks they faced. Finally, we highlight some new barriers to retrenchment in this age of “asymmetric polarization.” The hurdles facing retrenchment—in particular, the sway of national public opinion—have not simply diminished; they have changed, in ways that should be incorporated into our theories.
Health Policy and White Nationalism: Historical Lessons, Disruptive Populism, and Two Parties at a Crossroads
Authors: Morone James A.
Published: May 2018

The Trump administration's effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA) broke with Republican health care policies that stretch back more than six decades to the early Eisenhower administration. While Republicans have always opposed Democratic plans, once in office they generally found creative, market-oriented ways to try to extend access to health care. This article summarizes the health policy legacy of past Republican administrations, contrasts it to the Trump administration's repeal and replace effort, and locates that effort in a larger political context: the rise of white nationalism. White nationalism erodes the social capital that fosters social welfare policies; it challenges the basic idea of a right to health care. White nationalism is an old urge that rises with a new twist in the Trump era: the political parties, which historically diffused conflicts about American identity, have for the first time become divided by ideology, by race, and by immigration status. As a result, racialism and nativism may be more difficult to contain, for the parties now amplify questions of national identity. Health policy debate has become connected to something more powerful and fundamental: the definition of America and Americans.
Assessing the functional association of intronic miRNAs with their host genes
Authors: Steiman-Shimony Avital , Shtrikman Orr , Margalit Hanah
Published: May 2018

In human, nearly half of the known microRNAs (miRNAs) are encoded within the introns of protein-coding genes. The embedment of these miRNA genes within the sequences of protein-coding genes alludes to a possible functional relationship between intronic miRNAs and their hosting genes. Several studies, using predicted targets, suggested that intronic miRNAs influence their hosts’ function either antagonistically or synergistically. New experimental data of miRNA expression patterns and targets enable exploring this putative association by relying on actual data rather than on predictions. Here, our analysis based on currently available experimental data implies that the potential functional association between intronic miRNAs and their hosting genes is limited. For host-miRNA examples where functional associations were detected, it was manifested by either autoregulation, common targets of the miRNA and hosting gene, or through the targeting of transcripts participating in pathways in which the host gene is involved. This low prevalence of functional association is consistent with our observation that many intronic miRNAs have independent transcription start sites and are not coexpressed with the hosting gene. Yet, the intronic miRNAs that do show functional association with their hosts were found to be more evolutionarily conserved compared to other intronic miRNAs. This might suggest a selective pressure to maintain this architecture when it has a functional consequence.
1H-NMR as implemented in several origin of life studies artificially implies the absence of metabolism-like non-enzymatic reactions by being signal-suppressed
Authors: Keller Markus A. , Driscoll Paul C. , Messner Christoph B. , Ralser Markus
Published: May 2018

Background. Life depends on small subsets of chemically possible reactions. A chemical process can hence be prebiotically plausible, yet be unrelated to the origins of life. An example is the synthesis of nucleotides from hydrogen cyanide, considered prebiotically plausible, but incompatible with metabolic evolution. In contrast, only few metabolism-compatible prebiotic reactions were known until recently. Here, we question whether technical limitations may have contributed to the situation.

Methods: Enzymes evolved to accelerate and control biochemical reactions. This situation dictates that compared to modern metabolic pathways, precursors to enzymatic reactions have been slower and less efficient, yielding lower metabolite quantities. This situation demands for the application of highly sensitive analytical techniques for studying ‘proto-metabolism’. We noticed that a set of proto-metabolism studies derive conclusions from the absence of metabolism-like signals, yet do not report detection limits. We here benchmark the respective 1H-NMR implementation for the ability to detect Krebs cycle intermediates, considered examples of plausible metabolic precursors.

Results: Compared to metabolomics ‘gold-standard’ methods, 1H-NMR as implemented is i) at least one hundred- to thousand-fold less sensitive, ii) prone to selective metabolite loss, and iii) subject to signal suppression by Fe(II) concentrations as extrapolated from Archean sediment. In sum these restrictions mount to huge sensitivity deficits, so that even highly concentrated Krebs cycle intermediates are rendered undetectable unless the method is altered to boost sensitivity.

Conclusions 1H-NMR as implemented in several origin of life studies does not achieve the sensitivity to detect cellular metabolite concentrations, let alone evolutionary precursors at even lower concentration. These studies can hence not serve as proof-of-absence for metabolism-like reactions. Origin of life theories that essentially depend on this assumption, i.e. those that consider proto-metabolism to consist of non-metabolism-like reactions derived from non-metabolic precursors like hydrogen cyanide, may have been derived from a misinterpretation of negative analytical results.
Acute graft v host disease: developing an extracorporeal photopheresis outreach service
Authors: Maher Tracy , Taylor Peter , Alfred Arun
Published: May 2018

Acute graft v host disease (AGVHD) is the main complication and cause of non-relapse mortality following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantion. It occurs when donor immune cells attack host tissues. The three main organs that AGVHD affects are skin, liver and gastrointestinal tract, with one or more organs being involved. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a second-line treatment for AGVHD in patients who fail to respond to high-dose steroids. It is an immuno-modulatory rather than immunosuppressive therapy. However, ECP is only available in a limited number of regional centres. This article describes how an ECP outpatient unit developed and implemented a fast-response ECP outreach facility for a referring hospital with the aim of improving access to treatment for this patient group.
Incontinence-associated dermatitis from a urinary incontinence perspective
Authors: Wilson Mary
Published: May 2018

This article looks at incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) from the perspective of urinary incontinence (UI). IAD is caused by urine remaining on the skin following UI, which has many causes. It therefore should be assessed, treated and either resolved or managed to reduce the risk of IAD or its impact. The skin's anatomy and physiology are discussed and the changes resulting from IAD are explained. Should it occur, IAD can be treated by cleansing, moisturising and protecting the skin as appropriate, thus restoring its previous barrier functions. There can be confusion with grade 1 and 2 pressure ulcers, and the article points out the visual differences between these and IAD.
A curriculum turnaround
Authors: Paczuska Nadia
Published: May 2018

When turning around a school, a focus on creating the right curriculum is the most important priority, according to headteacher Nadia Paczuska
Lungworm in cattle: treatment and control
Authors: Forbes Andrew
Published: May 2018

Treatment options for clinical parasitic bronchitis (PB) are largely based on anthelmintics, with supportive therapy including non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and antibiotics, when indicated. Macrocyclic lactones (MLs), benzimidazoles and levamisole are all effective against adult and larval lungworms, so the choice of product depends on other criteria, including duration of action and ease of administration, which can be important in dyspnoeic animals. Control of PB in youngstock can be accomplished through the use of anthelmintics in early-season strategies designed to limit pasture Dictyocaulus viviparus larval populations, but are not easy to implement in herds other than on autumn-calving dairy farms. Likewise, though vaccination provides predictable control of PB in youngstock, it is best suited to calves from autumn calving herds, however, it can also be used pre-turnout as a ‘booster’ in previously exposed, older cattle. Grazing management has a limited role to play in the control of PB both because of unreliability and because some of the recommendations run counter to recommended grassland management practices. Veterinary clinicians need to familiarise themselves with all possible options and outcomes for the control of PB and tailor their recommendations to the individual farm and farmer.
Benchmarking beef suckler herds in practice: the initial steps
Authors: Barber Benjamin
Published: May 2018

Post-calving in 2016, 100 commercial beef under the care of Synergy Farm Health Ltd, were contacted and asked to complete a survey requesting key production data. The data requested were used to calculate key performance indicators and basic management practices for each farm which were comparable to their peers as well as industry targets. This article outlines how you might build a basic foundation for benchmarking within your practice. It describes some of the author's considerations and challenges when benchmarking in practice and how he expects to develop it further.
Validation of an Expanded Carrier Screen that Optimizes Sensitivity via Full-Exon Sequencing and Panel-wide Copy Number Variant Identification
Authors: Hogan Gregory J , Vysotskaia Valentina S , Beauchamp Kyle A , Seisenberger Stefanie , Grauman Peter V , Haas Kevin R , Hong Sun Hae , Jeon Diana , Kash Shera , Lai Henry H , Melroy Laura M , Theilmann Mark R , Chu Clement S , Iori Kevin , Maguire Jared R , Evans Eric A , Haque Imran S , Mar-Heyming Rebecca , Kang Hyunseok P , Muzzey Dale
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

By identifying pathogenic variants across hundreds of genes, expanded carrier screening (ECS) enables prospective parents to assess the risk of transmitting an autosomal recessive or X-linked condition. Detection of at-risk couples depends on the number of conditions tested, the prevalence of the respective diseases, and the screen's analytical sensitivity for identifying disease-causing variants. Disease-level analytical sensitivity is often <100% in ECS tests because copy number variants (CNVs) are typically not interrogated because of their technical complexity.

METHODS

We present an analytical validation and preliminary clinical characterization of a 235-gene sequencing-based ECS with full coverage across coding regions, targeted assessment of pathogenic noncoding variants, panel-wide CNV calling, and specialized assays for technically challenging genes. Next-generation sequencing, customized bioinformatics, and expert manual call review were used to identify single-nucleotide variants, short insertions and deletions, and CNVs for all genes except FMR1 and those whose low disease incidence or high technical complexity precluded novel variant identification or interpretation.

RESULTS

Screening of 36859 patients' blood or saliva samples revealed the substantial impact on fetal disease-risk detection attributable to novel CNVs (9.19% of risk) and technically challenging conditions (20.2% of risk), such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Of the 7498 couples screened, 335 were identified as at risk for an affected pregnancy, underscoring the clinical importance of the test. Validation of our ECS demonstrated >99% analytical sensitivity and >99% analytical specificity.

CONCLUSIONS

Validated high-fidelity identification of different variant types—especially for diseases with complicated molecular genetics—maximizes at-risk couple detection.
Was the 2005 Doom film ‘Doomed from the beginning?’: First-person shooters, subjective cameras and intertextuality in the critical reception of the film adaptation Doom (2005)
Authors: Mizsei Ward Rachel
Published: May 2018

In 2005 the first-person-shooter computer game Doom was adapted into a film. As the defining characteristic of the game, a first-person-shooter sequence was included as a key section of the Doom film. This sequence is one of the most commented about aspects of the film. The majority of reviews mention it and have a definite opinion about it; although the consensus is divided. The first-person-shooter genre of computer game and this sequence in the Doom film can both be understood in relationship to the subjective camera shots used in cinema. However, I will demonstrate that the same technique had fundamentally different meanings to the audience because of the different relationships to narrative and character in films and video games.
Love in the Time of ACT UP: Reflections on AIDS Activism, Queer Family, and Desire
Authors: Stockdill Brett Cameron
Published: May 2018

In 1994, I was a member of ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power)/Chicago’ and a doctoral student in sociology. I also fell in love. In this article, I apply a queer sociological lens2 to examine the interplay among my activism, scholarship, queer family, and desire. In particular, I explore dynamics of AIDSphobia—and resistance to it—within this constellation of experiences. I draw from several sources. These include my lecture notes from an undergraduate sociology course; I wrote the first version of this lecture in 1996 and have updated it almost every year since. Other narrative elements derive from an unpublished narrative manuscript I wrote in 1998 and an unpublished spoken-word piece I wrote in 2000. I reviewed my own journal entries and personal correspondence from the years 1994 to 2000 to gain a better understanding of what I was experiencing, thinking, and feeling. I’ve presented parts of this article at academic conferences, each of which has provided feedback enhancing my queer sociological framing. Finally, I have integrated other scholarship on HIV/AIDS, intersectional inequalities, and collective action. I have drawn particular inspiration from the testifying/testimonio writings of black and Latina feminists.3
El Bien Común en los inicios de la Compañía de Jesús: desde los primeros años hasta el pensamiento de Francisco Suárez
Authors: Sepúlveda-del-Río Ignacio
Published: May 2018

Se ha acusado a los jesuitas, muchas veces, de ser una orden híbrida: son religiosos y también seculares, se preocupan del Evangelio y también de la economía, política, ciencias, etc. ¿De dónde proviene esta particular forma de ser? Pensamos que la clave para responder a esta pregunta está en la preocupación de los jesuitas por la idea del bien común que ya se puede encontrar en sus documentos fundacionales.
Francisco Suárez y los derechos Humanos. Corrientes historiográficas y perspectivas críticas actuales
Authors: Ibáñez Ruiz del Portal Eduardo
Published: May 2018

El jesuita Francisco Suárez como eminente teólogo, filósofo y jurista de su época juega un papel relevante como precedente en la construcción de las categorías del pensamiento moderno. Una de estas categorías, no contemporánea del doctor eximio, es la de los derechos humanos. Son muchos los autores que anticipan alguno de sus elementos fundamentales ya en el pensamiento en torno al Derecho que desarrolla Francisco Suárez en sus principales tratados de filosofía jurídica y política como el De Legibus y la Defensio fidei. En este trabajo trataremos de conectar la virtualidad del planteamiento suarista en el ámbito de los derechos humanos, explorando en su obra estos antecedentes y la dirección en la que los mismos se dirigen, así como las posibilidades de dialogo que abre en torno a la construcción de la concepción de los derechos humanos en el contexto actual.
¿Qué significa actuar por un fin? La respuesta de Francisco Suárez en el ms De beatitudine (1579) y en el tratado De ultimo fine hominis (1628)
Authors: Colmenarejo Fernández Rosa , Oliveira e Silva Paula
Published: May 2018

La influencia de la obra y doctrina de Francisco Suárez (Granada, 1548-Lisboa, 1617) en la conformación del pensamiento moderno ha sido ampliamente estudiada en áreas como la filosofía política y del derecho, la metafísica o la epistemología. Sin embargo, la filosofía moral de Suárez, en concreto aquella que, como él mismo explica, habrá de servir de base a sus tratados de teología moral, está todavía por analizar. El objetivo de este trabajo es traer a luz algunos aspectos de la teoría suareciana sobre la causalidad final en los agentes libres, confrontando su doctrina sobre la causalidad del fin en dos comentarios, escritos en distintos períodos, a las cuestiones I-IIae de la Suma de Teología de Tomás de Aquino: el manuscrito inédito De beatitudine (1579) y el tratado De ultimo fine hominis, publicado por Baltasar Álvares (1628). La cuestión aquí analizada —qué significa actuar por un fin— se asume como un instrumento heurístico para dar a conocer sea estas dos fuentes estudiadas, sea el interés filosófico de las doctrinas de Suárez a respecto de la causalidad final. Las conclusiones apuntan a los siguientes aspectos: i) la proximidad, aun con dudas, de Suárez a la doctrina tomista de la causalidad del fin, en el comentario de 1579; ii) la asunción parcial de la doctrina tomista en cuanto a la función del intelecto en el actuar libre, y la afirmación de que el locus finis es la voluntad, en el comentario de 1628. Trabajando con estos matices hemos querido establecer algunos puntales de encuentro que permitan hacer visibles los puentes que emergen entre una tradición escolástica que enfrenta una nueva imagen del hombre, y la filosofía moral inmediatamente posterior que despojando aquella de su fundamento teológico, avanza con paso firme hacia la modernidad.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Control-Averse Behavior
Authors: Rudorf Sarah , Schmelz Katrin , Baumgartner Thomas , Wiest Roland , Fischbacher Urs , Knoch Daria
Published: May 2018

When another person tries to control one's decisions, some people might comply, but many will feel the urge to act against that control. This control aversion can lead to suboptimal decisions and it affects social interactions in many societal domains. To date, however, it has been unclear what drives individual differences in control-averse behavior. Here, we address this issue by measuring brain activity with fMRI while healthy female and male human participants made choices that were either free or controlled by another person, with real consequences to both interaction partners. In addition, we assessed the participants' affects, social cognitions, and motivations via self-reports. Our results indicate that the social cognitions perceived distrust and lack of understanding for the other person play a key role in explaining control aversion at the behavioral level. At the neural level, we find that control-averse behavior can be explained by functional connectivity between the inferior parietal lobule and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, brain regions commonly associated with attention reorientation and cognitive control. Further analyses reveal that the individual strength of functional connectivity complements and partially mediates the self-reported social cognitions in explaining individual differences in control-averse behavior. These findings therefore provide valuable contributions to a more comprehensive model of control aversion.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTControl aversion is a prevalent phenomenon in our society. When someone tries to control their decisions, many people tend to act against the control. This can lead to suboptimal decisions such as noncompliance to medical treatments or disobeying the law. The degree to which individuals engage in control-averse behavior, however, varies significantly. Understanding the proximal mechanisms that underlie individual differences in control-averse behavior has potential policy implications, for example, when designing policies aimed at increasing compliance with vaccination recommendations, and is therefore a highly relevant research goal. Here, we identify a neural mechanism between parietal and prefrontal brain regions that can explain individual differences in control-averse behavior. This mechanism provides novel insights into control aversion beyond what is accessible through self-reports.
Time-Restricted Feeding Prevents Ablation of Diurnal Rhythms in Gastric Vagal Afferent Mechanosensitivity Observed in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Kentish Stephen J. , Hatzinikolas George , Li Hui , Frisby Claudine L. , Wittert Gary A. , Page Amanda J.
Published: May 2018

Mechanosensitive gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) are involved in the regulation of food intake. GVAs exhibit diurnal rhythmicity in their response to food-related stimuli, allowing time of day-specific satiety signaling. This diurnal rhythmicity is ablated in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has a strong influence on peripheral clocks. This study aimed to determine whether diurnal patterns in GVA mechanosensitivity are entrained by TRF. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (N= 256) were fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of diet acclimatization, the mice were fed eitherad libitumor only during the light phase [Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0–12] or dark phase (ZT12–24) for 8 weeks. A subgroup of mice from all conditions (n= 8/condition) were placed in metabolic cages. After 12 weeks,ex vivoGVA recordings were taken at 3 h intervals starting at ZT0. HFD mice gained more weight than SLD mice. TRF did not affect weight gain in the SLD mice, but decreased weight gain in the HFD mice regardless of the TRF period. In SLD mice, diurnal rhythms in food intake were inversely associated with diurnal rhythmicity of GVA mechanosensitivity. These diurnal rhythms were entrained by the timing of food intake. In HFD mice, diurnal rhythms in food intake and diurnal rhythmicity of GVA mechanosensitivity were dampened. Loss of diurnal rhythmicity in HFD mice was abrogated by TRF. In conclusion, diurnal rhythmicity in GVA responses to food-related stimuli can be entrained by food intake. TRF prevents the loss of diurnal rhythmicity that occurs in HFD-induced obesity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDiurnal control of food intake is vital for maintaining metabolic health. Diet-induced obesity is associated with strong diurnal changes in food intake. Vagal afferents are involved in regulation of feeding behavior, particularly meal size, and exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mechanosensitivity. These diurnal fluctuations in vagal afferent mechanosensitivity are lost in diet-induced obesity. This study provides evidence that time-restricted feeding entrains diurnal rhythmicity in vagal afferent mechanosensitivity in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and, more importantly, prevents the loss of rhythmicity in HFD-induced obesity. These data have important implications for the development of strategies to treat obesity.
Sun Up in a Sundown Town
Authors: Beaujot Ariel
Published: May 2018

Hear, Here, a place-based oral history project in downtown La Crosse, Wisconsin, launched in the spring of 2015 during a rash of shootings of black men by police across America. This article explores the local context of race panic in a former sundown town—or a city that has purposely maintained itself as white—after two black narrators shared stories of their experiences with racism. The essay explores the role of public historians doing social justice work in modern America, the issues that some publics have with such work, and ways in which to deal with controversies and criticisms.
The role of IL-1B in breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Tulotta Claudia , Ottewell Penelope
Published: May 2018

Approximately 75% of patients with late-stage breast cancer will develop bone metastasis. This condition is currently considered incurable and patients’ life expectancy is limited to 2–3 years following diagnosis of bone involvement. Interleukin (IL)-1B is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose expression in primary tumours has been identified as a potential biomarker for predicting breast cancer patients at increased risk for developing bone metastasis. In this review, we discuss how IL-1B from both the tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment influence growth of primary breast tumours, dissemination into the bone metastatic niche and proliferation into overt metastases. Recent evidence indicates that targeting IL-1B signalling may provide promising new treatments that can hold tumour cells in a dormant state within bone thus preventing formation of overt bone metastases.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip Arising in Discoid Lupus Lesion - A Case Report
Authors: Sbai Achraf Amine , Eabdenbitsen Adil , Elayoubi Fahd , Ghailan Mohamed Rachid
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Rare examples from the literature report a possible degeneration of mucosal lesions of L.E.C. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma grafted on a lesion of the lower lip in a patient followed for L.E.C. at the ENT and Maxillo-facial department of Mohamed VI University Hospital of Oujda.Case report: A 47-year-old man, with a notion of photosensitivity, presents atrophic erythematous-violet plaques in the photo-exposed zones evolving for 20 years, evoking chronic discoid lupus cutaneous without any clinical, biological or radiological sign of systematization. The patient had a painful lower ulcer-budding process that had been evolving for 2 years, with suspected bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. The biopsy revealed a well-differentiated infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical excision oncology is then performed with a labial plasty and an obviously bilateral lymph node. Conclusion: The risk of degeneration of skin lesions of lupus discoid is minimal and rare, although monitoring of lupus scars remains essential, especially in the context where exposure to ultraviolet radiation is added as a predisposing factor for possible malignant transformation, surgical treatment is required at the appearance of suspicious lesions confirmed histologically.
Colgajo de recto anterior del abdomen para el tratamiento de los defectos de cobertura lumbosacros. [Rectus abdominis flap for the treatment of lumbosacral coverage defects.]
Authors: De Cicco Franco L. , Abrego Mariano O. , Gallucci Gerardo L. , De Carli Pablo , Boretto Jorge G.
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Treatment of soft tissue lumbosacral defects is based on dead space management and defect coverage. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique, results and complications of patients who underwent rectus abdominis flap for lumbosacral defects coverage.Methods: A six-year retrospective review was performed. Demographic characteristics are analyzed. Surgical technique and intra-operative complications are described. Postoperative variables, such as donor site complications, recipient site complications, and flap survival were also reported. Results: Five patients met the inclusion criteria (average age, 50 years). Four patients presented sacral tumor diagnosis and one patient had lumbosacral osteomyelitis. Mean follow-up was 20 months. Flap average size was 8 x 13 cm. Intraoperative complications were one pedicle injury (microsurgical repair) and the death of a patient. Regarding postoperative complications, one wound dehiscence was reported. None of the flaps suffered vascular complications and all remained vital throughout follow-up.Conclusion: Rectus abdominis flap should be considered a valid option in the management of large soft tissue lumbosacral defects. This flap provides sufficient skin volume and muscular tissue. Surgical technique is relatively simple with no need for microsurgical procedure.
Resolución del caso.
Authors: Ghisi Juan Pablo , Olmedo Plata Carlos
Published: May 2018

Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 78 años de edad que consulta por disfagia, especialmente para sólidos, y progresivos cambios en el tono de voz. Padece hipertensión arterial y diabetes tipo II en tratamiento con IECA y metformina como únicos antecedente patológicos de importancia. Se presentan imagenes  de una patologia ,Hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa (DISH) poco frecuente y generalmente  de hallazgo radiologico.
Dr. Javier Maquirriain
Authors: Ghisi Juan Pablo
Published: May 2018

Obituario.
Trends in Cannabis and Cigarette Use Among Parents With Children at Home: 2002 to 2015
Authors: Goodwin Renee D. , Cheslack-Postava Keely , Santoscoy Samantha , Bakoyiannis Nina , Hasin Deborah S. , Collins Bradley N. , Lepore Stephen J. , Wall Melanie M.
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:

In this study, we investigated trends in cannabis use among parents with children at home in the United States and estimated changes in prevalence of any cannabis use and daily cannabis use among parents who identified as cigarette smokers and nonsmokers with children in the home from 2002 to 2015.

METHODS:

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health is an annual, nationally representative, cross-sectional study conducted in the United States. Using logistic regression models, associations between cigarette smoking and any past-month and daily past-month cannabis use among parents with children in the home from 2002 to 2015 were estimated. Moderation of these associations by demographics and trends over time was examined.

RESULTS:

Past-month cannabis use among parents with children in the home increased from 4.9% in 2002 to 6.8% in 2015, whereas cigarette smoking declined from 27.6% to 20.2%. Cannabis use increased from 11.0% in 2002 to 17.4% in 2015 among cigarette-smoking parents and from 2.4% to 4.0% among non–cigarette-smoking parents (P value for trends <.0001). Cannabis use was nearly 4 times more common among cigarette smokers versus nonsmokers (17.4% vs 4.0%; adjusted odds ratio = 3.88 [3.16–4.75]), as was daily cannabis use (4.6% vs 0.8%; adjusted odds ratio = 3.70 [2.46–5.55]). The overall percentage of parents who used either cigarettes and/or cannabis decreased from 29.7% in 2002 to 23.5% in 2015.

CONCLUSIONS:

Efforts to decrease secondhand smoke exposure via cigarette smoking cessation may be complicated by increases in cannabis use. Educating parents about secondhand cannabis smoke exposure should be integrated into public education programs on secondhand tobacco smoke exposure.
New records of genera and species of myxomycetes (Amoebozoa) from the Neotropics
Authors: Lado Carlos , Estrada-Torres Arturo , Rojas Alvarado Carlos
Published: May 2018

During field surveys of myxomycetes in Central America, 2 previously unrecorded genera and 4 species, viz. Craterium muscorum Ing, Dictydiaethalium dictyosporum Nann.-Bremek., Physarina echinocephala Höhn, and Stemonaria rufipes, were identified. Some of these are new for the Neotropics. These noteworthy range extensions of these species to the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot adds to our knowledge of rarely recorded myxomycetes worldwide. Images of the more relevant taxonomic characters are provided, and for some species, this is the first illustrations with macro and microphotographs and scanning electron microscopy images.
RELEVANSI MATERI HADIS PADA JURUSAN PAI DENGAN BAHAN AJAR QURAN HADIS PADA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah
Published: May 2018

The relevance of the material on the tradition of religious (al-Hadis) teachers providers of Islamic Education Department greatly affect the success of education in madrasas. Therefore,material of hadis in the Quran Hadith curriculum MTs should always be the principal teaching materials at the Department of Islamic Education. This study used a qualitative research study in the reality of the curriculum at the Department PAI hadis and curriculum Quran Hadith on MTs. Based on the research that curriculum in the Department of PAI is not merely to prepare professional teachers in the field of study quran hadith, but covers the whole field of study PAI like moral theology, jurisprudence, Islamic history so that not all of the materials at the level of MTs tradition became part of the teaching material PAI majors. However, there is relevance as hadith studies teachers.
Introduction to Instructed Second Language Acquisition by Shawn Loewen (2015)
Authors: Yu Lu
Published: May 2018

Introduction to Instructed Second Language Acquisition by Shawn Loewen (2015)
Gamified e-learning course: A way to prudent use of antibiotics
Authors: Sørensen Anders Helding , Jensen-Fangel Søren , Svendstrup Dorte Brandt , Kjaersgaard Mona , Ank Nina
Published: May 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The increase in antimicrobial resistance combined with the misuse of antimicrobials calls for antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote prudent use of antimicrobials. Education of prescribers can complement other antimicrobial stewardship activities.We report the successful development of a gamified e-learning course simulating the daily clinical work based on three virtual patients. We evaluated the course using a 16-item questionnaire, in which 125 doctors reported to have completed the course. Seventy-six percent (N 123) reported to have a wider knowledge of rational use of antibiotics after the course, and this was regardless of their self-estimated prior knowledge. The course was assessed by 74 % (N 119) to have a high professional level and by 67 % (N 119) to have motivated them to rational use of antimicrobials. The game-inspired design of the course was reported to have a positive influence on the learners' motivation for completing the course (64 %, N 114), helped maintain interest during the course (66 %, N 115), and enhanced the perceived educational benefit of the course (71 %, N 112). The interactive elements of the course were generally evaluated to be more educational than the passive elements.In conclusion, an interactive and gamified e-learning course based on virtual patients can be used as a strong educational tool in an antimicrobial program.
The Shrine of St. Winefride and Social Control in Early Modern England and Wales
Authors: Bryson Matthias
Published: May 2018

In 1534, Henry VIII declared himself the supreme head of the Church of England. In the years that followed, his advisors carried out an agenda to reform the Church. In 1536, the Crown condemned pilgrimages and the veneration of saints’ shrines and relics. By the end of the seventeenth century, nearly every shrine in England and Wales had been destroyed or fell into disuse except for St. Winefride’s shrine in Holywell, Wales. The shrine has continued to be a pilgrimage destination to the present day without disruption. Contemporary scholars have credited the shrine’s survival to its connections with the Tudor and Stuart regimes, to the successful negotiation for its shared use as both a sacred and secular space, and to the missionary efforts of the Jesuits. Historians have yet to conduct a detailed study of St. Winefride’s role in maintaining social order in recusant communities. This article argues that the Jesuits and pilgrims at St. Winefride’s shrine cooperated to create an alternative concept of social order to the legal and customary orders of Protestant society.
Prevalence of signs and symptons for Temporomandibular Disfunctions in boxers
Authors: Santos Duplat Yuri , Motta Nunes Achilles
Published: May 2018

INTRODUCTION: The temporomandibular disfunction (TMD) has multifactorial origin, being the most relevant: psychosocial factors, pathophysiological and traumatic. The Boxing is considered one traumatic factor for being a contact sport that imposes large expenditure of kinetic energy on sports sign, which could affect the face and, consequently, the TMJ, with 10% of the athletes could suffer a facial injury, representing a possible predisposition to TMD. OBJECTIVES: Estimate the prevalence of signs and symptons for TMD in boxers, check if the use of mouthguard chengs the intensity of signs and symptons of TMD, check the variation difference of the signs and symptons in amateurs and professional boxers. METHODS: cross-sectional study, accomplished in a Box gym, in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brasil in April/2017. Boxers were evaluated by the Anamnesis Index of Fonseca. The variables were analyzed through the test t-Student and the level of meaningfulness established were from 5%. Followed the standards of the Resolution 466/12, and obteined approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Católica do Salvador (CAAE 64281616.8.0000.5628). RESULTS: 51% from the athletes do not have TMD, 43,1% have light TMD, 5,9% have moderate TMD, none participant presented several TMD. Athletes that participate of championships presented more prevalence of simtomatology for TMD than the ones that do not participated (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: There was association between participation in championships and presence of TMD, demonstrating that athletes of competitions gift predisposition to develop disfunction.
Protocolo fisioterapêutico aplicado no pós-operatório imediato para recuperação acelerada de pacientes submetidos à procedimentos cirúrgicos torácicos no Hospital Santa Marcelina – Itaquera (PROSM): estudo clínico randomizado
Authors: Gomes Andréa Oliver , Ramos Wendell Rodrigo , Dalfior Cristiane dos Anjos , Cavalcante Maria Gabriela , De Abreu Igor , Abrão Fernando Conrado
Published: May 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia torácica pode causar uma série de complicações pulmonares após o processo cirúrgico.  O momento e a circunstância ideais para sedestação fora do leito e suas implicações clínicas, após cirurgias no tórax, ainda necessitam de padronização. Assim, faz-se necessário um tratamento de mobilização precoce adequado visando minimizar as complicações no período pós-operatório. OBJETIVOS: Objetivamos avaliar o efeito do atendimento fisioterapêutico no pós-operatório imediato de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia torácica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este será um ensaio clínico randomizado, no qual um grupo de pacientes submetidos às cirurgias de ressecções pulmonares eletivas (segmentectomias, lobectomias ou pneumonectomias) com idade superior a dezoito anos receberão atendimento fisioterapêutico através do PROSM. Serão excluídos os pacientes incapazes de assinar o termo de consentimento livre esclarecido, com performance status comprometido (ECOG superior à 2), com peso corporal inferior à 60 Kg ou superior à 120 Kg, com alergia a qualquer uma das drogas utilizadas na anestesia, portadores de disfunção renal, disfunção hepática (Child B e C) e Insuficiência Cardíaca (classe Funcional III e IV). O instrumento de classificação do grau da dor por meio da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e instrumento de classificação da independência funcional por meio da Escala MIF (medida de independência funcional) serão aplicados antes do início e após o término de cada sessão de fisioterapia. Também será analisado o número de sessões de cada paciente e o tempo de internação. Para análise estatística será utilizado o programa SPSS Statistics e o teste de Shapiro-Wilk será usado para identificar a normalidade dos dados coletados. Espera-se um menor tempo de internação e melhor independência funcional na alta hospitalar nos pacientes submetidos ao PROSM.