bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Doença de Parkinson na pessoa Idosa e a Relação com sua Qualidade de Vida
Authors: Luz Kátia Policarpo de Sousa , Coronago Virgínia Maria Mendes Oliveira
Published: May 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo fornecer informações sobre a fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas e os impactos físicos, sociais e emocionais que influenciam na qualidade de vida de idosos portadores doença de Parkinson. A doença de Parkinson é considerada uma enfermidade neurodegenerativa crônica e progressiva que limita a independência nas atividades funcionais e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes podendo causar uma série de desafios. Apresenta sintomatologia complicada, com disfunções de ordem motora, como fortes tremores de mãos, pés e corpo, rigidez muscular, alterações posturais, desequilíbrio, incontinência urinária, alterações na fala, entre outros. É caracterizada, também, por manifestações não motoras, como as sensitiva-sensoriais, autonômicas, afetivas, cognitivas, comportamentais e do sono, que poderão causar incapacidades e contribuir com a dependência do portador. A qualidade de vida atua como um indicador nos conceitos clínicos de doenças específicas por meio da avaliação do impacto físico e psicossocial que algumas enfermidades podem gerar, possibilitando assim um melhor conhecimento do paciente e de sua adaptação a determinada condição. Devido à possibilidade de incapacidade produzida pelos sintomas da doença, é fundamental a adoção de estratégias para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos portadores, como adoção de recursos terapêuticos complementares. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico através de busca eletrônica de trabalhos científicos que nos possibilitou perceber que, devido ao caráter progressivo e degenerativo da doença é preciso que profissionais da área de saúde estejam atentos para conhecer e indicar maneiras adequadas para prevenir e minimizar os efeitos da enfermidade, proporcionando aos portadores manutenção/ melhoria qualidade de vida.
O Conhecimento das Gestantes acerca das Sorologias solicitadas durante o Pré-Natal
Authors: Ferreira Bllenda Cristina Santos , Almeida Nívea Maria Silveira de
Published: May 2017

O presente estudo tem por objetivo geral: avaliar o conhecimento das gestantes acerca das sorologias que são solicitadas durante os trimestres gestacionais. E como objetivos específicos: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico das participantes em estudo; identificar as sorologias mais conhecidas entre as gestantes; e identificar as fontes de informação sobre as sorologias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quantitativa realizada na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) na cidade de Ibotirama, município do estado da Bahia, com amostra de 20 (vintes) gestantes. As informações foram obtidas por meio de um questionário. Para participar da pesquisa, as gestantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, sendo a pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Independente do Nordeste. Após a coleta dos dados, os mesmos foram inseridos em uma planilha do Programa Excel e posteriormente transportados para o Programa Estatístico SPSS versão 20.0, sendo realizada análise descritiva e expostos por meio de tabelas, bem como discutidos a partir de referenciais teóricos. Os resultados permitem inferir que a avaliação dos percentuais em relação ao atendimento às gestantes reflete a qualidade do cuidado prestado. Esses dados podem ser usados para o planejamento das ações com a realização de campanhas que venham a contribuir com aumento da adesão das gestantes ao pré-natal, além de reforçar o atendimento mais qualificado.
Nematodes gastrointestinales en la recría bovina de la región del Chaco Serrano del noroeste de Argentina
Authors: SUAREZ Victor H. , MARTINEZ Gabriela M. , VIÑABAL Alberto E.
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la epidemiología de los nematodes gastrointestinales (NGI) en la recría bovina en la región del Chaco Serrano del Noroeste Argentino durante los períodos mayo-sept. 2014 y mayo-marzo 2015-16. En cada período se formaron tres grupos de 17 terneras de destete: GTS con tratamiento cada 45-50 días con moxidectina, GTL con 1 solo tratamiento: 6/2014 ivermectina y 7/2015 doramectina y GST sin tratamiento. Se realizaron conteos de huevos (hpg) y coprocultivos y se registró la ganancia de peso vivo (GPV). Al inicio en ambos períodos los hpg fueron moderados (=515±449, 2014; =484±464, 2015) elevándose hacia fines del otoño, para luego descender hacia la primavera. Los hpg del GTL mostraron postratamiento solo un descenso parcial y el GTS siempre tuvo valores de hpg muy bajos.  Los géneros de nematodes predominantes fueron Cooperia (41,8%), y Haemonchus (53,7%). En ambos períodos el efecto de los tratamientos se evidenció desde el invierno, mostrando el GTS una mayor GPV (p<0,05) que la de los otros dos grupos cuando se mejoró la oferta alimenticia. Las GPV totales del GTS fueron mayores. Al final del ensayo, los promedios en la GPV fueron en kg de 11,2, 11,5 y 19,6 (2014) y de 54,3, 56,5 y 73,4 (2015-16) respectivamente para el GST, GTL y el GTS.
Virtual schools
Authors: Apaydın Çiğdem
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of virtual schools in the scope of distance education based on a literature review. The virtual school is that the students have distance education by using online computers. The virtual school is named as a "out of school" model and these schools are administered that students complete their studies from their homes by online computers and they interact with their teachers distantly. The main purpose of the virtual schools is to provide access to citizens who cannot have education due to some reasons. Virtual schools were launched in the United States of America for the first time and then they have spread to other countries. Virtual schools operate as professional institutions which have curriculums and teachers. In this review following topics are examined: distance education; development of distance education; virtual school; types of virtual schools; positive and negative sides of the virtual school; virtual school system; organization types in virtual schools; the points to be considered about virtual schools.
A primary investigation of professional help-seeking attitudes, self-concealment and gender roles of university students
Authors: Özbay Yaşar , Terzi Şerife , Erkan Serdar , Cihangir Çankaya Zeynep
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the professional help-seeking attitudes of university students from their gender, gender roles, the perspective of socioeconomic level and self concealment. Professional Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale-Short Form, Self-Concealment Scale, Bem Gender Role Inventory, and personal information form have been used as data gathering tools. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test and one way anova. The results of the study show that professional help-seeking attitudes among female students are more positive than the male students; those in low or middle socioeconomic level has more positive attitudes; those with female gender roles and those with high androgens have more positive attitudes than male and ambiguous gender roles; and the students who have high levels of selfconcealment have negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help.
School climate in creating safe school: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Çalık Temel , Kurt Türker , Çalık Cemal
Published: May 2017

In this study, they have been dealt with safe school and school climate concept as an important factor to improvement of safe school. When the researches and projects aimed at preventing violence at schools and creating a safe school environment are examined, the short term projects and precautions directly related to violence do not present the desired results, and in addition, they cause some negative consequences in school environment. In this respect, it is indicated that violence prevention projects and programs need to pervade the school's and education programs' every part, and to be handled using a more general approach. School climate is one of the most prominent concepts, in this sense. In this research, first of all, safe school concept was defined and information was given about research and other studies related to safe school subject. Afterwards, school climate concept was introduced and it was examined how school climate affect creating safe schools. It was determined that studies carried out to create safe school environment should handle school holistically, support students goodness at school, ensure students to have positive behavior, and be long term. Also, prevention activities should integrate all areas, primarily teaching-learning process, of school life. It is stated that, in this respect, the most related and mostly emphasized concept is school climate. Therefore, it can be asserted that the prior condition of a safe school is making school climate more positive.
Examination of academic motivation level of prospective elementary mathematics teachers towards mathematics of in terms of certain variables
Authors: Terzi Mustafa , Ünal Mahmut , Gürbüz Mustafa Çağrı
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this research is to examine the level of academic motivation of the students at the Department of Elementary Mathematics in terms of certain variables. 248 students studying at the Department of Elementary Mathematics Education of the Faculty of Education at the Gazi University in academic year 2010 - 2011 participated in this research. The research employed the Academic Motivation Scale and Personal Information Form, and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), t test was conducted on the data, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was calculated. According to the results obtained from the research, there is low, positive and meaningful relation (r = .21) between the academic achievement average of the Prospective Mathematics Teachers and their academic motivation levels; and it has been found out that the levels of academic motivation of students show meaningful differences based on their preference orders, type of education they study and class levels.
Teacher comments on the contributions of primary education curriculums to the reflective thinking abilities of students
Authors: Demiralp Demet , Kazu Hilal
Published: May 2017

Development of higher order thinking skills of students is of great importance to the the 2005 primary education curriculums set forth on the basis of constructivist approach. One of the higher order thinking styles is reflective thinking. This study is performed to investigate the contributions of primary education curriculums to the development of reflective thinking abilities of students from the perspective of teacher comments. The study is descriptive and utilized survey method. 644 classroom teachers, who currently serve in the Elazığ province particiated in the study. Data collected with a scale developed by the researchers and analyzed with statistical techniques such as frequencies, percentages, and means. Analysis of the data revealed that most of the teachers agreed with the thoughts that primary school curriculums contribute to the development of reflective thinking abilities of students. This finding shows that teacher perceptions on primary school curriculums from the angle of developing reflective thinking abilities of students are generally positive. According to the degree of teachers’ agreements with the statements in the inventory, it can be concluded that the teachers think that the primary school curriculums, learning environment in general and evaluation processes effect the reflective thinking abilities of the student in a positive way. Together with this, according to the teacher perceptions, curriculums help students on their personal developments as a result of development on their reflective thinking abilities.
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet
Published: May 2017

Değerli bilgi üretici ve tüketicileri, Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisinin yeni bir sayısıyla daha merhaba. Bu sayımızla iki yaşını doldurmuş bulunuyoruz. İki yaşına kadar dergimizin sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişmesine katkı yapan, değerli yazarlarımızdan hakemlerimize, dizgi ve baskı ekibine içten teşekkürlerimi sunuyorum. İkinci yaş önemli bir kilometre taşı. Zira Ulakbim Veritabanı için temel koşullardan birini sağlamış bulunuyoruz. Kısa süre içinde Ulakbime başvurumuzu yapacağız. Bu arada dergimiz için sevindirici bir haber de Ebscho Host Veri Tabanından geldi. Dergimizin bu saygın uluslararası indexte taranması kabul edildi. Yakın gelecekte başka uluslararası indexlerde de taranmayı ümit ediyoruz. Bu sayıda bir görüş altı adet de araştırma makalesi olmak üzere, toplam yedi çalışmaya yer veriyoruz. Makaleler çeşitli konu alanlarından farklı eğitim düzeylerine güncel konuları içermektedir. Bu konular arasında, girişimci öğretim ve öğretim üyeliği, okul yaşam kalitesi, hidroelektrik santraller konusunda bilişsel algılar, üstün zekalı ve yetenekli öğrencilerin medya okur yazarlığı, ÖYP araştırma görevlilerinin dil eğitimi sorunu, problem çözme becerisi öğretimi ve akademik erteleme davranışını etkileyen faktörler gibi çalışmalar yer almaktadır. Tüm bu değerli çalışmaların konuyla ilgilenenlere ve mevcut bilgi birikimine önemli katkılar yapacağına inanıyorum. Bu sayıda siz değerli okurlarla paylaşmak istediğim bir konu var. Bilimle uğraşan insanlar, bilimsel araştırma sürecinde bazı bilimsel tutumlara sahip olmalı ve bu süreci bilimsel etik ilkeler doğrultusunda gerçekleştirmelidirler. Üretilen bilginin diğer insanlarla ilgili olması ve toplumu etkilemesi bu tutum ve ilkelere uymayı zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bilimsel bilgi üretme sürecinde sık karşılaşılan durumlardan birisi, araştırıcının zihninde tasarladığı yargıyı (denenceyi) doğrulamaya çalışmasıdır. Doğrulama ve yanlışlama, her ikisi de bilimsel gerçeklere ulaşmanın yollarıdır. Ancak, araştırıcı zihnindeki denenceyi doğrulamaya çalışırken ister istemez yanlı bir pozisyona düşmektedir. Örneğin, deneysel bir araştırmada araştırmanın amacını, uygulanan deneysel işlemin etkili olduğunu kanıtlamak olarak belirleyebilmektedir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda da, deneysel işlem fark yaratmadığında, yaptığı deney hakkında kuşku duymaktadır. Birçok yüksek lisans ve doktora öğrencisinin bana gelerek, hocam, denencem doğrulanmadı acaba benim tezim kabul edilir mi gibi sorular sorduklarını hatırlıyorum. Bu tür bir yaklaşım bilim insanının nesnellikten uzaklaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Halbuki araştırmada amaç deneysel işlemin etkili olduğunu belirlemek değil, deneysel işlemin etkili olup olmadığını test etmektir. Eğer uygulanan yöntem, ölçme ve analizde bir sorun yoksa, ortaya çıkan sonuç gerçeğin kendisidir. Yeni yılın tüm okurlarımıza barış ve mutluluk getirmesini temenni eder, dergimize esirgemediğiniz desteğin yeni yılda da devam etmesini dilerim. Gelecek sayıda buluşmak dileğiyle...
Entrepreneurial teaching & entrepreneurial faculty members for creating new Steve Jobs in every subject area
Authors: Altan Mustafa Zülküf
Published: May 2017

Education is the most important issue for nations. Higher education, among the educational process, is the most important determiner for the future of Nations. The ability of the nations to prosper and to thrive in an increasingly knowledge-based global society and economy largely depends on having a progressively well-educated population. The profound changes in the economy and the labor market in the past ten years and, consequently, in the competencies required by employers, have begun to have a serious impact on higher education institutions, whose primary mission is to qualify students by equipping them to meet the challenges ahead, both life and work. Challenges posed by globalization, fierce competition, frequent job changes, the growing need to create one's own job or to work outside one's home province or country, the importance of the appropriate behavior, new technologies, knowledge of English which is considered to be the medium of international communication and/or a second or third language became sine qua non which cannot be ignored by educational institutions and students. Close relationship between economics and the education for work force emerged as a result of this massive change caused in paying more emphasis to the philosophy of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial culture and became one of the indispensable values of educational systems. Considering the "silo" type of education and teaching common in our schools, it becomes clearer how far we are away from the realities of the present time. This article discusses the basic topics such as: what is entrepreneurship? Why is entrepreneurship important? Is entrepreneurship a teachable skill? Why do we need entrepreneurial teaching and Faculty members?
PLT (Program of Training Lecturer) research asssistants' opinions about domestic and outland language training
Authors: Gündeğer Ceylan , Soysal Sümeyra , Yağcı Esed
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine PLT (Program of Training Lecturer) research assistans' views about domestic and outland language training. Accordinglythe opinions were obtained from 10 PLT research assistants, who had domestic language training, and 11 PLT research assistants, who had outland language training, with 5 open-ended questions semi-structured interview formby having face to face interview. In data analysis the content analysis was used. The results of the study revealed that PTL research assistants had expectations of general and academic English from domestic language education. Most of research assistants noted that domestic language education didn't meet those expectations. The most important problems faced by research assistants were housing and exam-business anxiety in language education. Also research assistants stated that they had not found an effective language education. Finally PTL research assistants have made some suggestions both CHE (the Council of Higher Education) and other PTL research assistants. On the other hand it is concluded that PTL research assistants', who had outland language training, most important expectations are to improve their ability in speaking, writing an article and giving a presentation. In addition the research assistants had some problems about housing, teachers'qualifications and the Turkish students in a class and had not solved this problems. It is seen that they don't find the training program effective and further it was not satisfy their expectitons. Accordingly it is seen that, the most important things are prefering the countries, have native speakers like USA, UK, Canada, reducing the Turkish student in a class and being in the academic environment like universities instead of courses.
Where Lean May Shake: Challenges to Casualisation in the Indian Auto Industry
Authors: Monaco Lorenza
Published: May 2017

By analysing the industrial conflict that has affected the Indian Maruti Suzuki since 2011/2012, the article reflects on the meaning of the lean manufacturing paradigm today. It explores what continues to make it dominant, and the ultimate frontiers it has reached. It argues that its global significance could not have been established without the exploitation of local labour regimes, and without stretching their competitive advantage to the detriment of workers. In particular, the desirable condition now sought at global level is the possibility of relying on regimes based on high levels of casualisation, allowing the progressive “substitution” of permanent workers. However, as the Maruti case also reveals, working-class composition and the sustainability of the local labour process can generate mechanisms and unexpected alliances that could potentially destabilise the system. Indeed, the case shows how corporate strategies intended to fragment and depoliticise labour, inbuilt into the paradigm, were directly challenged and encountered resistance. Ultimately, though, the case also shows how, without strong legal and political support, the potential of a labour movement can be suffocated by institutionalised violence. In this sense, lean reacts, and the despotic imposition of consent becomes visible as never before.
In vitro expansion of mouse primordial germ cell‐like cells recapitulates an epigenetic blank slate
Authors: Ohta Hiroshi , Kurimoto Kazuki , Okamoto Ikuhiro , Nakamura Tomonori , Yabuta Yukihiro , Miyauchi Hidetaka , Yamamoto Takuya , Okuno Yukiko , Hagiwara Masatoshi , Shirane Kenjiro , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Saitou Mitinori
Published: May 2017

The expansion of primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors for the oocytes and spermatozoa, is a key challenge in reproductive biology/medicine. Using a chemical screening exploiting PGC‐like cells (PGCLCs) induced from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we here identify key signaling pathways critical for PGCLC proliferation. We show that the combinatorial application of Forskolin and Rolipram, which stimulate cAMP signaling via different mechanisms, expands PGCLCs up to ~50‐fold in culture. The expanded PGCLCs maintain robust capacity for spermatogenesis, rescuing the fertility of infertile mice. Strikingly, during expansion, PGCLCs comprehensively erase their DNA methylome, including parental imprints, in a manner that precisely recapitulates genome‐wide DNA demethylation in gonadal germ cells, while essentially maintaining their identity as sexually uncommitted PGCs, apparently through appropriate histone modifications. By establishing a paradigm for PGCLC expansion, our system reconstitutes the epigenetic “blank slate” of the germ line, an immediate precursory state for sexually dimorphic differentiation.
Colorectal cancer‐initiating cells caught in the act
Authors: Dieter Sebastian M , Glimm Hanno , Ball Claudia R
Published: May 2017

Our increased awareness of the clonal organization of many hematological and solid cancers has dramatically changed our view on the design of novel therapeutic approaches for cancer. Tumor‐initiating cells (TIC) (a.k.a. cancer stem cells) are on the apex in this hierarchy and can self‐renew and differentiate, thereby continuously fueling tumor growth and metastasis formation. This process was previously thought to be unidirectional. Self‐renewing TIC therefore represent highly attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
A low-fat diet enriched in fish oil increased lipogenesis and fetal outcome of C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Akerele Olatunji A , Cheema Sukhinder K
Published: May 2017

There is clear evidence that nutritional strategy employed during pregnancy has profound influence on the offspring health outcomes. However, the effect of the quality and the quantity of maternal fat intake on maternal metabolic profile during different stages of pregnancy and its impact on pregnancy sustainability is not known. Female C57BL/6 mice (7 weeks old) were fed diets varying in the quantity of fat (5% vs 11%) for two weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. The 5% fat diet was enriched with longer chain omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oil. Maternal plasma and tissues were collected before mating and during pregnancy at days 6.5, 12.5 and 18.5. Plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, progesterone and estradiol levels were measured. Cholesterol efflux capacity of maternal plasma as well as the mRNA expression of placental steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and hepatic lipogenic genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1) was determined. Feto-placental weight and fetuses sustained throughout gestation were recorded. A low-fat maternal diet enriched with n-3 PUFA increased maternal plasma triacylglycerol and the mRNA expression of rate-limiting lipogenic enzymes, along with increasing cholesterol efflux capacity (P < 0.05), likely to meet fetal lipid demand during pregnancy. Furthermore, diet enriched with longer chain n-3 PUFA increased the maternal plasma concentration of progesterone and estradiol during pregnancy (P < 0.05), which coincides with an increase in the number of fetuses sustained till day 18.5. These novel findings may be important when designing dietary strategies to optimize reproductive capability and pregnancy outcomes.
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma with Enteroblastic Differentiation Arising in Ectopic Gastric Mucosa in the Cervical Esophagus: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gushima Ryosuke , Narita Rei , Shono Takashi , Naoe Hideaki , Yao Takashi , Sasaki Yutaka
Published: May 2017

Background: Adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation is a subtype of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing adenocarcinoma. This type of tumor is associated with a poor prognosis and is prone to metastasize. Esophageal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation is extremely rare.Case presentation: The patient was a 65-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with dysphagia. Endoscopic examination revealed an elevated lesion 20mm in diameter at 17cm from the upper incisors. Endoscopic submucosa dissection (ESD) was performed and histopathological examination revealed tubular adenocarcinoma composed of cuboidal cells with clear cell cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stain was diffusely positive for Sall-like protein 4 (SALL4) and weakly positive for AFP and glypican 3. From this result, we diagnosed esophageal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation. The patient is still alive without recurrence of cancer 40 months after ESD.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report to undergo ESD for esophageal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation arising from ectopic gastric mucosa in the esophagus.Abbreviations: AFP: alfa-fetoprotein; CA19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; ESD: endoscopic submucosal dissection; EUS: endoscopic ultrasound; FDG-PET: [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; ME: magnifying endoscopy; NBI: narrow band imaging; SALL 4: Sall-like protein 4; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma antigen.
Granulomatous Hepatitis: A Rare Primary Manifestation of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Kothadia Jiten P. , Kone Vyshnavi , Giashuddin Shah
Published: May 2017

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Intestinal Heterotopic Pancreas Involved by Simultaneous PanIN-2 Lesion and Endocrine Microadenoma: a Unique Case
Authors: Cornea Remus , Taban Sorina , Suciu Cristian , Lazureanu Codruta , Dema Alis
Published: May 2017

We hereby present the case of a 58-year-old male who underwent a total gastrectomy for gastric neoplasm. During the surgery, a tumor mass in the jejunum was identified, considered as metastasis, and resected. The histopathological examination of the jejunal lesion showed ectopic pancreas. In this area, two pathological distinct lesions were identified, one histologically compatible with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) type 2 lesion and the other with morphologic criteria for endocrine microadenoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case that evidences the presence of a concomitant premalignant exocrine lesion and benign endocrine lesion in a heterotopic pancreas (HP).Abbreviations: HP: heterotopic pancreas; IPMN: Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms; PanIN: Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia; PEN: pancreatic endocrine neoplasm.
Position Paper on Treatment of Hepatitis C in Romania, 2017. Part One
Authors: Gheorghe Liana , Sporea Ioan , Iacob Speranţa , Şirli Roxana , Trifan Anca , Dobru Daniela , Diculescu Mircea , Stanciu Carol , Pascu Oliviu , Acalovschi Monica , Brisc Ciprian , Cijevschi Cristina , Gheorghe Cristian , Spârchez Zeno , Rogoveanu Ion , Dumitrascu Dan
Published: May 2017

Background & Aims: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a common condition with endemic prevalence in some areas of the world. In Romania, the mean prevalence is about 3%. New treatments became available on the market in recent years and new drugs are in the pipeline. A re-evaluation of HCV therapy was considered mandatory. The Romanian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology undertook this task for the practitioners of this country.Methodology: A group of recognized experts was created who screened the available literature and the major available guidelines. A list of items requiring attention has been created. These items were discussed and rated. Decisions were taken by consensus.Recommendations: We present here the first of the two parts of our Society’s recommendations for chronic HCV infection treatment. An agreement was reached regarding the diagnostic tools, the assessment of severity and the up-dated therapy schedules.Conclusions: This Position Paper represents a guide for the assessment and the therapy of HCV infection. The recommendations are in concordance with other guidelines but are applied to the real-life conditions in this country.Abbreviations: DAAs: Direct-acting antivirals; DDIs: Drug-drug interactions; ESLD: End-stage liver disease; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver; EMA: European Medicines Agency; FDA: US Food and Drug Administration; FDC: Fixed-dose combination; GT: Genotype; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LT: Liver transplantation; LLD: Lower limit of detection; MELD score: Mayo-Clinic End-Stage Liver Disease score; ANMDM: National Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors; PWID: People who inject drugs; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; RDT: Rapid diagnostic test; RAS: Resistance-associated substitution; SRGH: Romanian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; SAE: serious adverse events; SPC: Summary of Product Characteristics; SVR: Sustained virologic response.
Chorioamnionitis in the Development of Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Shi Zhongjie , Ma Lin , Luo Kehuan , Bajaj Monika , Chawla Sanjay , Natarajan Girija , Hagberg Henrik , Tan Sidhartha
Published: May 2017

CONTEXT:

Chorioamnionitis (CA) has often been linked etiologically to cerebral palsy (CP).

OBJECTIVES:

To differentiate association from risk of CA in the development of CP.

DATA SOURCES:

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and bibliographies of original studies were searched by using the keywords (chorioamnionitis) AND ((cerebral palsy) OR brain).

STUDY SELECTION:

Included studies had to have: (1) controls, (2) criteria for diagnoses, and (3) neurologic follow-up. Studies were categorized based on: (1) finding incidence of CP in a CA population, or risk of CP; and (2) incidence of CA in CP or association with CP.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently verified study inclusion and extracted data.

RESULTS:

Seventeen studies (125 256 CA patients and 5 994 722 controls) reported CP in CA. There was significantly increased CP inpreterm histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA; risk ratio [RR] = 1.34, P < .01), but not in clinical CA (CCA). Twenty-two studies (2513 CP patients and 8135 controls) reported CA in CP. There was increased CCA (RR = 1.43, P < .01), but no increase in HCA in preterm CP. Increased HCA was found (RR = 4.26, P < .05), as well as CCA in term/near-term CP (RR = 3.06, P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

The evidence for a causal or associative role of CA in CP is weak. Preterm HCA may be a risk factor for CP, whereas CCA is not. An association with term and preterm CP was found for CCA, but only with term CP for HCA.
Cesarean Delivery and Body Mass Index at 6 Months and Into Childhood
Authors: Vinding Rebecca Kofod , Sejersen Tobias Steen , Chawes Bo L. , Bønnelykke Klaus , Buhl Thora , Bisgaard Hans , Stokholm Jakob
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The prevalence of cesarean delivery (CD) is rising worldwide, and so is childhood obesity. Studies have shown associations between these factors. We examined the development of BMI from birth through childhood to determine whether CDs were associated with differences in growth and obesity.

METHODS:

Term children from the birth cohorts Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000) and COPSAC2010 were included. Height, length, and weight measurements were collected prospectively until 5 years in COPSAC2010 and until 13 years in COPSAC2000. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed at 3.5 and 7 years. Information on relevant covariates were verified during clinical visits. Analyses were adjusted for covariates associating with CD.

RESULTS:

In COPSAC2010, 20% (N = 138/673) of the children were delivered by CD; 49% were girls. In COPSAC2000, 19% (N = 76/393) were delivered by CD; 51% were girls. Children delivered by CD had a higher mean BMI at 6 months compared with those delivered vaginally: COPSAC2010 β-coefficient, .41 (95% confidence interval [CI], .12 to .69), P = .01; COPSAC2000 β-coefficient, .16 (95% CI, −.11 to .68), P = .16; and meta-analysis β-coefficient, .37 (95% CI, .14 to .60), P = .002. There were no differences in BMI trajectory between the 2 groups by 5 and 13 years, nor cross-sectional BMI at 5 and 13 years, nor in fat percentages from DXA scans.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children delivered by CD had a higher BMI at 6 months of age, but this difference did not track into later childhood. Our study does not support the hypothesis that CD leads to later overweight.
Pesquisas sobre a formação matemática de professores para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Szymanski Maria Lidia Sica , Martins Josiane Bernini Jorente
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo objetiva responder à questão: “O que revelam as pesquisas sobre a formação matemática dos professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental?”. Com esse intuito, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD, no período de 2004 a 2014. Utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin) para examinar títulos, palavras-chave, resumos, objetos de estudo, procedimentos metodológicos e resultados. As pesquisas apontam lacunas na formação matemática desses professores. Além de políticas públicas que amparem os processos de formação inicial e continuada, recomendam-se aquelas que promovam a aprendizagem na educação básica, contribuindo para que os alunos cheguem à universidade com os conhecimentos matemáticos fundamentais.
Gambling disorder: Association between duration of illness, clinical, and neurocognitive variables
Authors: Medeiros Gustavo C. , Redden Sarah A. , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Grant Jon E.
Published: May 2017

Background and aims

Gambling disorder (GD) may have its onset in a wide range of ages, from adolescents to old adults. In addition, individuals with GD tend to seek treatment at different moments in their lives. As a result of these characteristics (variable age at onset and variable age at treatment seeking), we find subjects with diverse duration of illness (DOI) in clinical practice. DOI is an important but relatively understudied factor in GD. Our objective was to investigate clinical and neurocognitive characteristics associated with different DOI.

Methods

This study evaluated 448 adults diagnosed with GD. All assessments were completed prior to treatments being commenced.

Results

Our main results were: (a) there is a negative correlation between DOI and lag between first gambling and onset of GD; (b) lifetime history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a longer duration of GD; (c) the presence of a first-degree relative with history of AUD is associated with a more extended course of GD; and (d) there is a negative correlation between DOI and quality of life.

Discussion

This study suggests that some important variables are associated with different DOI. Increasing treatment-seeking behavior, providing customized psychological interventions, and effectively managing AUD may decrease the high levels of chronicity in GD. Furthermore, research on GD such as phenomenological studies and clinical trials may consider the duration of GD in their methodology. DOI might be an important variable when analyzing treatment outcome and avoiding confounders.
Az étrend szerepe a húgyúti kövek kialakulásában és megelőzésében
Authors: Szendrői Attila , Tordé Ákos , Vargha Judit , Bánfi Gergely , Horváth András , Horváth Csaba , Nyirády Péter
Published: May 2017

Abstract:

In Hungary and in the developed countries urinary stones occur more often due to nutritional habits, obesity and sedentary lifestyle beside the endocrine and metabolic causes. In the daily urological and family doctor practice prevention should have an important role. Prevention is based not only on body weight control, physical exercise and medical treatment, but on proper diet as well. The nutritional components can change the consistence of urine, causing supersaturation, which is essential in stone formation. Specific nutritional components can either prevent stone formation (increased fluid intake, citrate, magnesium, fruits and vegetables) or either increase stone formation (decreased fluid intake, proteins, carbohydrates, oxalate, salt, increased calcium intake, ascorbic-acid etc). We summarized evidence-based practical dietary suggestions on the primary and secondary prevention of urinary stones. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(22): 851–855.
Szociális szorongás és önértékelés: a „Félelem a negatív megítéléstől” (FÉLNE) kérdőív hazai adaptációja
Authors: Perczel-Forintos Dóra , Kresznerits Szilvia
Published: May 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Although social anxiety disorder (SAD) is the third most frequent emotional disorder with 13–15% prevalence rate, it remains unrecognized very often. Social phobia is associated with low self-esteem, high self-criticism and fear of negative evaluation by others. It shows high comorbidity with depression, alcoholism, drug addiction and eating disorders. Aim: To adapt the widely used “Fear of Negative Evaluation” (FNE) social phobia questionnaire. Method: Anxiety and mood disorder patients (n = 255) completed the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (30, 12 and 8 item-versions) as well as social cognition, anxiety and self-esteem questionnaires. Results: All the three versions of the FNE have strong internal validity (α>0.83) and moderate significant correlation with low self-esteem, negative social cognitions and anxiety. The short 8-item BFNE-S has the strongest disciminative value in differentiating patients with social phobia and with other emotional disorders. Conclusions: The Hungarian version of the BFNE-S is an effective tool for the quick recognition of social phobia. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(22): 843–850.
MODELING THE TRANSITION CURVE ON A LIMITED TERAIN
Authors: Borisenko V. D. , Ustenko S. A.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. Further development of the method of geometric modelling of transition curves, which are placed between rectilinear and circular sections of railway tracks and are created in localities, the relief of which causes certain restrictions on the size of the transition curves of the railway track. Methodology. The equation of the transition curve is taken in parametric form, in which the length of the arc of the modelled curve is used as a parameter. As initial data in the modelling of the transition curve, the coordinates of its initial point and the angle of inclination in it are tangent, the radius of the circumference of the circular section and the parameter that is used as a constraint when placing a section of the railway track. The transition curve is modelled under the condition that the distribution of its curvature from the length of the arc - the natural parameter - is described by a cubic dependence. This dependence contains four unknown coefficients; the unknown is also the length of the arc. The coefficients of the cubic dependence and the length of the arc of the transition curve, the coordinates of its end point, the angle of inclination in it of the tangent are determined during the simulation of the transition curve. The application of boundary conditions and methods of differential geometry with respect to the distribution of the slope angle of the tangent to the simulated curve from the initial to the end points of the transition curve and the calculation of the coordinates of the end point of the curve allows us to reduce the problem of modelling the transition curve to determine the arc length of this curve. Directly the length of the transition curve is in the process of minimizing the deviation of the circumference of the circular path from its current value obtained when searching for the arc length. Findings. As a result of the computational experiment, the possibility of modelling a transition curve between a rectilinear and circular rail track in a region of a limited size has been proved. Originality. A method for geometric modelling of transition curves between a rectilinear and circular section of a railway track is developed in conditions of limited terrain size, on which rails are laid. The transition curve is represented in the natural parameterization, using the cubic dependence of the curvature distribution on the length of its arc. Practical value. The proposed method of modelling the transition curves in conditions of limited terrain size allows obtaining these curves with a high accuracy in a wide range of geometric parameters of rectilinear and circular sections of the railway track and a parameter that acts as a constraint in the modelling of the transition curve. The method can be recommended in the practice of building railways.
SUBSYSTEM OF MODELS OF ECOLOGICAL MONITORING FOR ESTIMATION OF THE STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Authors: Polischuk S. Z. , Kaspijcteva V. Y.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The article is devoted to the improvement of the method of forecasting the quality of atmospheric air when discharging from stationary sources of pollution and from mobile sources of pollution. The choice of the goal is due to the fact that recently the requirements to the quality of the forecast information of the atmospheric air have increased, which entails the modernization of existing forecast methods. The work has improved the unit for assessing and forecasting the state of atmospheric air in a system of regional environmental monitoring to improve the level of environmental safety in the planning and development of territories. The improved unit serves to determine the quality indices of atmospheric air and the state of its resource potential. Methodology. For the decision of the put task the complex method of researches, which consists in the analysis of the systems and generalization of existent researches after the problem of estimation and prognosis of the state of atmospheric air, use of objective method at the construction of the hierarchical system of models, is utilized. For determination of indexes the method of expert estimations is top level used. For the solution of differential equations of aerodynamics and mass transfer uses finite-difference methods. Findings. The structure of prognosis block is developed on atmospheric air in the system of the ecological monitoring. Researches of indexes of quality of atmospheric air and state of its resource potential are executed with the use of the developed models. Originality. The use of a hierarchical series of mathematical models for a comprehensive assessment and prediction of the state of atmospheric air in scenarios of socio-ecological and economic development and urban development activities of the regions is justified, which makes it possible to raise the level of their ecological safety at the stage of carrying out design and prospecting works. Practical value. The presented complex of models allows to estimate and forecast the state of atmospheric air in the system of environmental monitoring, taking into account the natural and climatic, socio-economic characteristics of the regions, their resource potential and integrated indicators of sustainable development of the territories. The proposed approach can be used in the monitoring system, both large megacities and small towns. It can serve as a tool for expert assessment of the implementation of various environmental measures in cities.
CREATION PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENT AUTOMATED DELIVERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AT THE RAILWAY
Authors: Kyrychenko H. I.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The paper is aimed to analyze the functioning of the existing railway informational system, as the data storage, consideration of the ways to changeover to intelligent management system, including the application of semantic approach. It is necessary to change the paradigm of automated traffic management; this determines changing the paradigm in railway operation management. The development and introduction of new Business-Intelligence-type system requires the formalized knowledge on railway transportation process to be implemented, including in the form of ontology as the model and means to formalize the knowledge. New knowledge requires using the terms and concepts to describe the new processes and management objects in railway operations. Methodology. Formalizing the knowledge one should abstract away from classical definitions such as marshaling or freight station, train station, division station, dead-end station, railway junction, railway hub etc. Unified Modeling Languages for engineering the automated systems use the definitions: the objects’ categories, the class diagrams, statechart diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, link diagrams in properties etc. These concepts enable formalizing the knowledge, bringing to homogeneous representing and using them for modeling the management processes of goods delivery. Findings. The data on timing the events of goods delivery process, breakings of schedule are taken into account in set-theoretical model on scripting scenarios for goods delivery process. One of the concepts in the model on breaking of schedule (from the knowledge base of the system ASK VPUZ-E enables to take into account the influence of possible factors and the real railway operations conditions. Originality. The ways to formalize knowledge on railway transportation process as the major premise to form intelligent informational software for management system were analyzed. The set-theoretical models on goods delivery management for scripting goods delivery process’ scenarios have been developed in the paper, the examples of using the means of object-oriented modeling to construct algorithm for technological processes have been given as well. Practical value. The author suggests new terms, definitions and concepts describing the logistic business processes and enabling to changeover to formalizing the knowledge and to forming the conditions of intelligent management system of goods delivery on railways.