bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated prediction of dosimetric eligibility for hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Lausch Anthony , Lamey Michael , Zeng Grace G.
Published: October 2017

Clinical implementation of hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy (PROFIT trial, NCT003046759) represents an opportunity to significantly reduce the burden of treatment on the patient and clinic. However, efficacy was only demonstrated among the patient demographic who could meet the trial dose constraints and so it is necessary to emulate this triage step in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to build a convenient tool to address the challenge of determining patient eligibility for hypofractionated treatment within the clinic. The tool was implemented within the EclipseTM treatment planning system using the scripting environment. Prior to planning a new case, the script computes and displays in a plot the fractional overlap of rectal and bladder wall with the planning target volume. Radial decision boundaries separate the plot into three zones and the new case is then classified as “feasible”, “uncertain”, or “not feasible”. The radial decision boundaries were derived from a retrospective analysis of the overlap values and dosimetric eligibility of 150 patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer. Two‐fold cross validation with repetitions demonstrated an average prediction accuracy of over 90%. The tool has been integrated into our clinical planning workflow to enable early identification of the need for planning consults and rapid a‐priori determination of dosimetric eligibility for hypofractionated radiotherapy. The tool can be readily adopted by other centres since the underlying metrics can be evaluated without scripting if desired.
The Relationship between Online Game Experience and Multitasking Ability in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Chang Yun‐Hsuan , Liu De‐Cyuan , Chen Yong‐Quan , Hsieh Shulan
Published: October 2017

Online game playing has become popular entertainment, yet its relationship with individuals' multitasking ability was inconsistent. Types of online game genre so far have not been compared and may be associated with multitasking abilities. This study proposed to explore the relationships between types of online game playing and multitasking ability, using Edinburgh Virtual Errands Test (EVET). One hundred and sixteen participants playing different online game genres, including multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA), other online game playing, and no‐online game playing were compared. Each participant was required to fill in Chen's Internet Addiction Scale and the Internet Usage Questionnaire and perform EVET and working memory tests. The results showed a positive correlation between multitasking ability and working memory. In addition, a positive association was found between MOBA‐type gaming and multitasking abilities measured by EVET. In conclusion, MOBA‐type gaming compared with other game playing is associated with better multitasking abilities in a virtual environment.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rationally Designed Silicon Nanostructures as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Tong , Yao Zhujun , Xia Xinhui , Wang Xiuli , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping
Published: October 2017

Silicon (Si) is promising for high capacity anodes in lithium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, low working potential, and natural abundance. However, there are two main drawbacks that impede its further practical applications. One is the huge volume expansion generating during lithiation and delithiation progresses, which leads to severe structural pulverization and subsequently rapid capacity fading of the electrode. The other is the relatively low intrinsic electronic conductivity, therefore, seriously impacting the rate performance. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been devoted for improving the cycling stability and rate capability by rational designs of different nanostructures of Si materials and incorporations with some conductive agents. In this review, the authors summarize the exciting recent research works and focus on not only the synthesis techniques, but also the composition strategies of silicon nanostructures. The advantages and disadvantages of the nanostructures as well as the perspective of this research field are also discussed. We aim to give some reference for engineering application on Si anodes in lithium ion batteries.
Metal‐Ion (Fe, V, Co, and Ni)‐Doped MnO2 Ultrathin Nanosheets Supported on Carbon Fiber Paper for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ye Zhiguo , Li Tao , Ma Guang , Dong Yinghu , Zhou Xianliang
Published: October 2017

Manganese dioxides (MnO2) are considered one of the most attractive materials as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode due to its low cost, natural abundance, easy synthesis, and environmental friendliness. Here, metal‐ion (Fe, V, Co, and Ni)‐doped MnO2 ultrathin nanosheets electrodeposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) are fabricated using a facile anodic co‐electrodeposition method. A high density of nanoclusters is observed on the surface of the carbon fibers consisting of doped MnO2 ultrathin nanosheets with an approximate thickness of 5 nm. It is confirmed that the metal ions (Fe, V, Co, and Ni) are doped into MnO2, improving the conductivity of MnO2. The doped MnO2 ultrathin nanosheet/CFP and the IrO2/CFP composite electrodes for OER achieve a low overpotential of 390 and 245 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, respectively. The potential of the doped composite electrode for long‐term OER at a constant current density of 20 mA cm−2 is much lower than that of the pure MnO2 composite electrode.
A Chiral‐Nanoassemblies‐Enabled Strategy for Simultaneously Profiling Surface Glycoprotein and MicroRNA in Living Cells
Authors: Ma Wei , Sun Maozhong , Fu Pan , Li Si , Xu Liguang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: October 2017

Assemblies of nanomaterials for biological applications in living cells have attracted much attention. Herein, graphene oxide (GO)–gold nanoparticle (Au NP) assemblies are driven by a splint DNA strand, which is designed with two regions at both ends that are complementary with the DNA sequence anchored on the surface of the GO and the Au NPs. In the presence of microRNA (miR)‐21 and epithelial cell‐adhesion molecule (EpCAM), the hybridization of miR‐21 with a molecular probe leads to the separation of 6‐fluorescein‐phosphoramidite‐modified Au NPs from GO, resulting in a decrease in the Raman signal, while EpCAM recognition reduces circular dichroism (CD) signals. The CD signals reverse from negative in original assemblies into positive when reacted with cells, which correlates with two enantiomer geometries. The EpCAM detection has a good linear range of 8.47–74.78 pg mL−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.63 pg mL−1, whereas miR‐21 detection displays an outstanding linear range of 0.07–13.68 amol ng−1RNA and LOD of 0.03 amol ng−1RNA. All the results are in good agreement with those of the Raman and confocal bioimaging. The strategy opens up an avenue to allow the highly accurate and reliable diagnosis (dual targets) of clinic diseases.
Structure‐Guided Design and Synthesis of a Mitochondria‐Targeting Near‐Infrared Fluorophore with Multimodal Therapeutic Activities
Authors: Tan Xu , Luo Shenglin , Long Lei , Wang Yu , Wang Dechun , Fang Shengtao , Ouyang Qin , Su Yongping , Cheng Tianmin , Shi Chunmeng
Published: October 2017

An urgent challenge for imaging‐guided disease‐targeted multimodal therapy is to develop the appropriate multifunctional agents to meet the requirements for potential applications. Here, a rigid cyclohexenyl substitution in the middle of a polymethine linker and two asymmetrical amphipathic N‐alkyl side chains to indocyanine green (ICG) (the only FDA‐approved NIR contrast agent) are introduced, and a new analog, IR‐DBI, is developed with simultaneous cancer‐cell mitochondrial targeting, NIR imaging, and chemo‐/PDT/PTT/multimodal therapeutic activities. The asymmetrical and amphipathic structural modification renders IR‐DBI a close binding to albumin protein site II to form a drug–protein complex and primarily facilitates its preferential accumulation at tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The released IR‐DBI dye is further actively taken up by cancer cells through organic‐anion‐transporting polypeptide transporters, and the lipophilic cationic property leads to its selective accumulation in the mitochondria of cancer cells. Finally, based on the high albumin‐binding affinity, IR‐DBI is modified into human serum albumin (HSA) via self‐assembly to produce a nanosized complex, which exhibits significant improvement in the cancer targeting and multimodal cancer treatment with better biocompatibility. This finding may present a practicable strategy to develop small‐molecule‐based cancer theranostic agents for simultaneous cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Broadband, Ultrafast, Self‐Driven Photodetector Based on Cs‐Doped FAPbI3 Perovskite Thin Film
Authors: Liang Feng‐Xia , Wang Jiu‐Zhen , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Wang You‐Yi , Gao Yang , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: October 2017

In this study, a high‐performance photodetector comprised of formamidinium cesium lead iodide (FA1−xCsxPbI3) thin film is developed. The Cs‐doped FAPbI3 perovskite material is synthesized through a simple spin‐coating method, via which FA1−xCsxPbI3 with different Cs doping levels (x = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.3) can be obtained. Further optoelectronic characterization reveals that the FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 photodetector exhibits reproducible sensitivity to irradiation with wavelengths in the range from 240 to 750 nm, whereas it is weakly sensitive to wavelengths longer than 750 nm. The responsivity and specific detectivity are estimated to be around 5.7 A W−1 and 2.7 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W–1, respectively. It is also worth noting that the present perovskite photodetector demonstrates an ultrafast response speed (tr/tf: 45 ns/91 ns) at zero bias voltage, which is probably related to the ultrafast lifetime and high quality of thin film according to the Hall effect study. Finally, this device shows a weak degradation in sensitivity to white light after storage at ambient condition for 45 days. The totality of the broadband sensitivity, high specific detectivity, ultrafast response speed, and self‐driven property renders the FA1−xCsxPbI3 an idea material for high‐performance photodetectors application.
Model based analysis of lithium batteries considering particle‐size distribution
Authors: Henquín E. R. , Aguirre P. A.
Published: October 2017

Performance of lithium ion batteries whose electrodes are composed of particles of different sizes is studied. Simplified model developed in (Henquín and Aguirre, AIChE J. 2015; 61:90–102) is extended and the simulations are compared with experiments from the literature so as to validate this new model. The differences in current density observed in particles of different sizes, which are in contact, depend on particle size and state of charge. Internal particle to particle discharge currents are observed during relaxation times. A parametric study of the applied current and particle sizes of electrodes is performed to evaluate cell performance, with emphasis on cell voltage and final capacity measurement. The evolution of reaction rates on the surface of electrode particles and their corresponding states of charge are depicted. An analysis of relaxation times in terms of cell voltage, current density, equilibrium potentials, and overpotentials is included. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 904–915, 2018
Variable Reaktivität eines N‐heterocyclischen Phosphenium‐Komplexes: P‐C‐Bindungsaktivierung oder “abnormale” Deprotonierung
Authors: Gediga Michael , Schlindwein Simon H. , Bender Johannes , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich
Published: October 2017

Die Reaktion eines N‐heterocyclischen Phosphenium‐Mangan‐Komplexes mit MeLi/Et3NHCl unter formaler Addition von CH4 an die Mn‐P‐Doppelbindung kann durch UV‐Bestrahlung rückgängig gemacht werden. Dies liefert ein seltenes Beispiel für eine selektive Aktivierung einer P‐C(Alkyl)‐Bindung. Die Umsetzung des Phosphenium‐Komplexes mit LDA verläuft demgegenüber nicht unter nukleophilem Angriff am Phosphoratom, sondern unter C4‐Deprotonierung und liefert das P‐Analogon eines “abnormalen” Carbens. Ein Transmetallierungsprodukt des ursprünglichen Komplexes wurde vollständig charakterisiert. Die C4‐Metallierung ist auch auf Bisphosphenium‐Komplexe anderer Metalle übertragbar.
Oxidative P‐P‐Bindungsaddition an Cobalt(−I): Bildung eines Low‐spin‐Cobalt(III)‐Phosphanidokomplexes
Authors: Coburger Peter , Demeshko Serhiy , Rödl Christian , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Wolf Robert
Published: October 2017

Die oxidative P‐P‐Bindungsaddition eines ortho‐Carboran‐substituierten 1,2‐Diphosphetans an Cobalt(−I) in [K(thf)0.2][Co(η4‐cod)2)] (cod=1,5‐Cycloctadien) ermöglichte die Darstellung des ersten homoleptischen Cobalt(III)‐Phosphanidokomplexes [K(thf)4][Co{1,2‐(PtBu)2C2B10H12}2] (1). Diese Verbindung ist ein seltenes Beispiel eines verzerrt tetraedrisch koordinierten 3d6‐Komplexes mit einem Low‐spin‐Grundzustand. Magnetische Messungen ergaben, dass 1 zwischen 2 und 270 K im Festkörper und bei 298 K in einer [D8]THF‐Lösung diamagnetisch ist. Dichtefunktionalrechnungen zeigten, dass der diamagnetische Grundzustand durch die starken σ‐Donor‐ und die moderaten π‐Donoreigenschaften der Bisphosphanidoliganden verursacht wird.
The Structure of Mn(acac)3—Experimental Evidence of a Static Jahn–Teller Effect in the Gas Phase
Authors: Berger Raphael J. F. , Girichev Georgiy V. , Giricheva Nina I. , Petrova Angelika A. , Tverdova Natalya V.
Published: October 2017

The structure of free manganese(III) tris(acetylacetonate) [Mn(acac)3] was determined by mass‐spectrometrically controlled gas‐phase electron diffraction. The vapor of Mn(acac)3 at 125(5) °C is composed of a single conformer of Mn(acac)3 in C2 symmetry with the central structural motif of a tetragonal elongated MnO6 octahedron and 47(2) mol % of acetylacetone (Hacac) formed by partial thermal decomposition of Mn(acac)3. Three types of Mn−O separations have been refined (rh1=2.157(16), 1.946(5), and 1.932(5) Å. We have found no indication for a significant deviation of the ‐C−C−C−O−Mn−O‐ six‐membered rings from planarity, which is observed in the solid state.
Variable Reactivity of a N‐Heterocyclic Phosphenium Complex: P−C Bond Activation or “Abnormal” Deprotonation
Authors: Gediga Michael , Schlindwein Simon H. , Bender Johannes , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich
Published: October 2017

The reaction of an N‐heterocyclic phosphenium complex of manganese with MeLi/Et3NHCl under formal addition of CH4 to the Mn=P double bond can be reversed upon UV photolysis, providing a rare example for selective P−C(alkyl) bond activation. Action of LDA on the phosphenium complex does not proceed via attack at phosphorus but rather via C4‐deprotonation to yield a unique P‐analogue of an “abnormal” carbene. A transmetalation product of the original complex was fully characterized. The C‐metalation is also applicable to bis‐phosphenium complexes of other metals.
Synthesis and characterization of modified poly(aspartic acid) and its performance as a formaldehyde adsorbent
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Qingshan , Li Yunzheng , Yin Hongquan , Lu Baoping , Shi Huiping
Published: October 2017

A modified poly(aspartic acid) (PASPTU) as an efficient formaldehyde adsorbent is successfully prepared by grafting poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) with threonine and urea. The graft copolymer is characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Its formaldehyde adsorbent property is measured. The optimal adsorption process is as follows: synthesis temperature was 40 °C, molar ratio of PSI, threonine, and urea was 1:0.6:0.4 and adsorption time was 3.0 h. In above condition, the formaldehyde adsorbent efficiency of the copolymer was nearly 100% when the PASPTU dosage was 0.5 g. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms are used to study the adsorption process of formaldehyde. The findings show that PASPTU has excellent formaldehyde adsorbent efficiency. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45798.
Effect of polyphenylene sulfide containing amino unit on thermal and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfide/glass fiber composites
Authors: Ren Hao‐Hao , Xu Dong‐Xia , Yu Ting , Yang Jia‐Chao , Zhang Gang , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Yang Jie
Published: October 2017

Three kinds of high‐molecular‐weight compatibilizers [copoly(1,4‐phenylene sulfide)‐poly(2,5‐phenylene sulfide amine)] (PPS‐NH2) containing different proportions of amino units in the side chain) were synthesized by the reaction of dihalogenated monomer and sodium sulfide via nucleophilic substitution polymerization under high pressure. The intrinsic viscosity of the obtained copolymers was 0.354–0.489 dL/g and they were found to have good thermal performance with melting point (Tm) of 271.3–281.0 °C and initial degradation temperature (Td) of 490.0–495.7 °C. There was an excellent physical compatibility between PPS‐NH2 and the pure industrial PPS. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis and macro‐ and micromechanical test showed that the selective compatibilizer PPS‐NH2 (1.0) (1.0% mol aminated ratio) can improve the mechanical and interfacial properties of polyphenylene sulfide/glass fiber (PPS/GF) composite. The macro‐optimal tensile strength, Young's modulus, bending strength, and notched impact strength of 5%PPS‐NH2 (1.0)/PPS/GF composite raised up to 141 MPa, 1.98 GPa, 203 MPa, and 6.15 kJ/m2, which increased 12.8%, 9.4%, 4.1%, and 13.8%, respectively, comparing with the pure PPS/GF composite (125 MPa, 1.81 GPa, 195 MPa, and 5.40 kJ/m2, respectively). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45804.
Experimental and MD simulation study on the physical and mechanical properties of organically modified montmorillonite clay and compatibilized linear low density polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Yildirim Erol , Yurtsever Mine , Eriman Bülent , Uyanik Nurseli
Published: October 2017

Understanding the interfacial interactions plays a key role in controlling mechanical and physical properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites (PCNs). In this work, the surface interactions between constituents of experimentally prepared PCNs which are the pristine linear low density polyethylene (PE) chains, PE compatibilizers, montmorillonite clay surface layer, and surfactants were studied quantitatively by employing molecular dynamics simulation technique. The interaction energy between the polymer and the clay was found to be inversely proportional with the volume of the surfactant which decreases the electrostatic interactions between the compatibilizer and the hydrophilic clay surface. However, the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between alkyl tails of surfactants and the PE chains increase with the tail length of the surfactants. The most attractive interaction was between the surfactant's head group and the clay surface. We showed that there existed fine balance between the electrostatic and vdW type forces on the stability and the enhanced properties of the PE–organoclay nanocomposites. Calculated interaction energies were then correlated to the experimentally measured mechanical properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45817.
A biaxial stretched β‐isotactic polypropylene microporous membrane for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Yang Shuting , Gu Jifeng , Yin Yanhong
Published: October 2017

In this article, microporous polypropylene (PP) membranes were produced with TMB‐5 as β‐crystal nucleating agent by biaxial stretching. Influences of different concentration of TMB‐5 were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. It was found that the highest crystallinity was reached when the nucleating agent content was 0.5 wt %. The effect of stretching temperature and stretching ratio on pore size distribution and porosity of the membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimeter, respectively. And physical properties, such as tensile strength, permeability, and puncture resistance of the microporous membrane prepared at the optimized conditions, were evaluated. Compared with commercial PP separator membrane, the as‐prepared microporous membrane shows similar uniform pore size distribution and exhibits slightly higher porosity and ionic conductivities. When used as lithium‐ion separator, the experimental film shows more stable cycling performance than the commercial one. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45825.
Using Digital Tags With Integrated Video and Inertial Sensors to Study Moving Morphology and Associated Function in Large Aquatic Vertebrates
Authors: Goldbogen J.A. , Cade D.E. , Boersma A.T. , Calambokidis J. , Kahane‐Rapport S.R. , Segre P.S. , Stimpert A.K. , Friedlaender A.S.
Published: October 2017

The anatomy of large cetaceans has been well documented, mostly through dissection of dead specimens. However, the difficulty of studying the world's largest animals in their natural environment means the functions of anatomical structures must be inferred. Recently, non‐invasive tracking devices have been developed that measure body position and orientation, thereby enabling the detailed reconstruction of underwater trajectories. The addition of cameras to the whale‐borne tags allows the sensor data to be matched with real‐time observations of how whales use their morphological structures, such as flukes, flippers, feeding apparatuses, and blowholes for the physiological functions of locomotion, feeding, and breathing. Here, we describe a new tag design with integrated video and inertial sensors and how it can be used to provide insights to the function of whale anatomy. This technology has the potential to facilitate a wide range of discoveries and comparative studies, but many challenges remain to increase the resolution and applicability of the data. Anat Rec, 300:1935–1941, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Quest of Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer via Eight‐Membered Ring π‐Conjugated Hydrogen Bonding System
Authors: Meng Fan‐Yi , Hsu Yen‐Hao , Zhang Zhiyun , Wu Pei‐Jhen , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chen Yi‐An , Chen Chi‐Lin , Chao Chi‐Min , Liu Kuan‐Miao , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: October 2017

Searching for eight‐membered ring π‐conjugated hydrogen bonding (8‐MR H‐bonding) systems with excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) property is seminal and synthetically challenging. In this work, a series of π‐conjugated molecules (8‐HB‐1, 8‐HB‐L1 and 8‐HB‐2) potentially possessing 8‐MR H‐bonding are strategically designed, synthesized and characterized. The configurations of these three potential molecules are checked by their X‐ray structures, among which 8‐HB‐L1 (a structurally locked 8‐HB‐1 core chromophore) is proved to be an 8‐MR H‐bonding system, whereas 8‐HB‐1 and 8‐HB‐2 are too sterically hindered to form the 8‐MR intramolecular H‐bond. The ESIPT property of 8‐HB‐L1 is confirmed by the dual fluorescence consisting of normal and proton‐transfer tautomer emissions. The insight into the ESIPT process of 8‐HB‐L1 is provided by femtosecond fluorescence upconversion measurements together with computational simulation. The results demonstrate for the first time a successful synthetic route to attain the 8‐MR H‐bonding molecule 8‐HB‐L1 with ESIPT property.
Cyclization Reactions of Aryl Propargyl Acetates with Tethered Epoxide Induced by Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Feng Yi‐Jhen , Chen Yi‐Hsin , Huang Shou‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Hung , Lin Ying‐Chih
Published: October 2017

Reactions of the ruthenium complex [Ru]Cl ([Ru]=Cp(PPh3)2Ru; Cp=η5‐C5H5) with several aryl propargyl acetates, each with an ortho‐substituted chain of various length containing an epoxide on the aromatic ring and with or without methyl substitutents on the epoxide ring, bring about novel cyclizations. The cyclization reactions of HC≡CCH(OAc)(C6H4)CH2(RC2H2O) (R=H, 6 a; R=CH3, 6 b, where RC2H2O is an epoxide ring) in MeOH give the vinylidene complexes 5 a–b, respectively, each with the Cβ integrated into a tetrahydro‐5H‐benzo[7]annulen‐6‐ol ring. A C−C bond formation takes place between the propargyl acetate and the less substituted carbon of the epoxide ring. Further cyclizations of 5 a–b induced by HBF4 give the corresponding vinylidene complexes 8 a–b each with a new 8‐oxabicyclo‐[3.2.1]octane ring by removal of a methanol molecule in high yield. For similar aryl propargyl acetates with a shorter epoxide chain, the cyclization gives a mixture of a vinylidene complex with a tetrahydronaphthalen‐1‐ol ring and a carbene complex with a tricyclic indeno‐furan ring. For the cyclization of 18, with a longer epoxide chain, opening of the epoxide is required to afford the vicinal bromohydrin 22, then tandem cyclization occurs in one pot. Products are characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as by XRD analysis.
Synthesis of MOF‐525 Derived Nanoporous Carbons with Different Particle Sizes for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Chang Ting‐Hsiang , Young Christine , Lee Min‐Han , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Alshehri Saad M. , Ahamad Tansir , Islam Md. Tofazzal , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Ho Kuo‐Chuan
Published: October 2017

Nanoporous carbon (NC) materials have attracted great research interest for supercapacitor applications, because of their excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability, good electrical conductivity, and high surface area. Although there are many reports on metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived carbon materials, previous synthetic studies have been hindered by imperfect control of particle sizes and shapes. Here, we show precise control of the particle sizes of MOF‐525 from 100 nm to 750 nm. After conversion of MOF‐525 to NC, the effects of variation of the particle size on the electrochemical performance have been carefully investigated. The results demonstrate that our NC is a potential candidate for practical supercapacitor applications.
The variability of magnetic activity in solar‐type stars
Authors: Fabbian D. , Simoniello R. , Collet R. , Criscuoli S. , Korhonen H. , Krivova N. A. , Oláh K. , Jouve L. , Solanki S. K. , Alvarado‐Gómez J. D. , Booth R. , García R. A. , Lehtinen J. , See V.
Published: October 2017

This article reviews the current knowledge and status of investigations on the variable magnetic activity of cool stars. We discuss the Sun in the context of solar‐type stars, highlighting peculiarities and common features in terms of its magnetic activity and variability over different time scales. We examine how both theory and observations are providing new clues about the main physical processes that generate magnetic fields in the interior of cool stars, as well as about those that lead to evolving stellar surface magnetism and varying chromospheric and coronal phenomena. We then proceed to discuss the relations between stellar age, rotation, and activity throughout the evolution of cool stars. Finally, we touch upon the importance of understanding stellar magnetism also in view of its effect on planetary environments.
The BMP antagonist Noggin is produced by osteoblasts in response to the presence of prostate cancer cells
Authors: AlShaibi Huda F. , Ahmed Farid , Buckle Clive , Fowles Ann C.M. , Awlia Jalaluddin , Cecchini Marco G. , Eaton Colby L.
Published: October 2017

Bone metastasis is a key event responsible for morbidity in prostate cancer patients. Interactions between prostate cancer cells and the bone microenvironment facilitate survival of tumor cells and alter bone turnover, a process that is thought to enhance the growth of metastases in this site. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of tumors cells increases transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling in bone and that this regulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic lineage cells in metastatic sites. Initial studies showed that factors produced by prostate cancer cells increased the proliferation of osteoblastic cells and suppressed the early phase of their differentiation. We subsequently showed that interactions between prostate cancer and osteoblastic cells affected the expression of TGF‐β superfamily genes in the latter. Noggin was expressed and secreted by prostate cancer cells but expressed at very low levels by osteoblastic cells when these cells were grown alone. This pattern changed when osteoblasic cells were treated with conditioned medium derived from prostate cancer cells or were cocultured with the latter, with strong induction of Noggin being demonstrated. Immunohistochemical examination of prostate cancer xenografts showed strong Noggin protein staining on endosteal bone surfaces and in bone lining cells in close proximity to tumor foci. These studies support previous work that suggest Noggin is an important suppressor of the differentiation of osteoblast lineage cells in bone metastases. Importantly, we have now also shown that this protein can be induced in bone cells themselves by factors derived from prostate cancer cells.
miR‐CATCH Identifies Biologically Active miRNA Regulators of the Pro‐Survival Gene XIAP, in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Authors: Griffith Alan , Kelly Paul S. , Vencken Sebastian , Lao Nga T. , Greene Catherine M. , Clynes Martin , Barron Niall
Published: October 2017

Genetic engineering of mammalian cells is of interest as a means to boost bio‐therapeutic protein yield. X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) overexpression has previously been shown to enhance CHO cell growth and prolong culture longevity while additionally boosting productivity. The authors confirmed this across a range of recombinant products (SEAP, EPO, and IgG). However, stable overexpression of an engineering transgene competes for the cells translational machinery potentially compromising product titre. MicroRNAs are attractive genetic engineering candidates given their non‐coding nature and ability to regulate multiple genes simultaneously, thereby relieving the translational burden associated with stable overexpression of a protein‐encoding gene. The large number of potential targets of a single miRNA, falsely predicted in silico, presents difficulties in identifying those that could be useful engineering tools. The authors explored the identification of direct miRNA regulators of the pro‐survival endogenous XIAP gene in CHO‐K1 cells by using a miR‐CATCH protocol. A biotin‐tagged antisense DNA oligonucleotide for XIAP mRNA is designed and used to pull down and capture bound miRNAs. Two miRNAs are chosen out of the 14 miRNAs identified for further validation, miR‐124‐3p and miR‐19b‐3p. Transient transfection of mimics for both results in the diminished translation of endogenous CHO XIAP protein whereas their inhibition increases XIAP protein levels. A 3′UTR reporter assay confirms miR‐124‐3p to be a bona fide regulator of XIAP in CHO‐K1 cells. This method demonstrates a useful approach to finding miRNA candidates for CHO cell engineering without competing for the cellular translational machinery.
Organotypic brain explant culture as a drug evaluation system for malignant brain tumors
Authors: Minami Noriaki , Maeda Yusuke , Shibao Shunsuke , Arima Yoshimi , Ohka Fumiharu , Kondo Yutaka , Maruyama Koji , Kusuhara Masatoshi , Sasayama Takashi , Kohmura Eiji , Saya Hideyuki , Sampetrean Oltea
Published: October 2017

Therapeutic options for malignant brain tumors are limited, with new drugs being continuously evaluated. Organotypic brain slice culture has been adopted for neuroscience studies as a system that preserves brain architecture, cellular function, and the vascular network. However, the suitability of brain explants for anticancer drug evaluation has been unclear. We here adopted a mouse model of malignant glioma based on expression of H‐RasV12 in Ink4a/Arf−/− neural stem/progenitor cells to establish tumor‐bearing brain explants from adult mice. We treated the slices with cisplatin, temozolomide, paclitaxel, or tranilast and investigated the minimal assays required to assess drug effects. Serial fluorescence‐based tumor imaging was sufficient for evaluation of cisplatin, a drug with a pronounced cytotoxic action, whereas immunostaining of cleaved caspase 3 (a marker of apoptosis) and of Ki67 (a marker of cell proliferation) was necessary for the assessment of temozolomide action and immunostaining for phosphorylated histone H3 (a marker of mitosis) allowed visualization of paclitaxel‐specific effects. Staining for cleaved caspase 3 was also informative in the assessment of drug toxicity for normal brain tissue. Incubation of explants with fluorescently labeled antibodies to CD31 allowed real‐time imaging of the microvascular network and complemented time‐lapse imaging of tumor cell invasion into surrounding tissue. Our results suggest that a combination of fluorescence imaging and immunohistological staining allows a unified assessment of the effects of various classes of drug on the survival, proliferation, and invasion of glioma cells, and that organotypic brain slice culture is therefore a useful tool for evaluation of antiglioma drugs.
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of central venous catheter‐related thromboembolism in breast cancer patients: the CAVECCAS study
Authors: Debourdeau Philippe , Espié Marc , Chevret Sylvie , Gligorov Joseph , Elias Antoine , Dupré Pierre François , Desseaux Kristell , Kalidi Issa , Villiers Stephane , Giachetti Sylvie , Frere Corinne , Farge Dominique
Published: October 2017

Previous epidemiologic studies investigating central venous catheter (CVC)‐related venous thromboembolism (CRT) were conducted in heterogenous cancer populations and data in breast cancer (BC) remain limited. To investigate the Doppler ultrasound (DUS)‐CRT incidence, risk factors and outcomes in BC, we designed a prospective, multicenter cohort of nonmetastatic invasive BC patients undergoing insertion of a CVC for chemotherapy. All patients underwent double‐blind DUS before, 7, 30, and 90 days after CVC insertion and a 6 months clinical follow‐up. Symptomatic DUS‐CRT were treated by anticoagulants. D‐Dimers, thrombin generation, and platelet‐derived microparticles were measured before and 2 days after CVC placement. In DUS‐CRT patients, a nested case–control study analyzed the role of thrombophilia. Among 524 patients, the DUS‐CRT (14 symptomatic, 46 asymptomatic) cumulative probability was 9.6% at 3 months and 11.5% at 6 months (overall incidence rate: 2.18/100 patient‐months). Ten/14 symptomatic DUS‐CRT were detected on double‐blind DUS before the clinical symptoms, and 3/14 had a simultaneous pulmonary embolism. No clinical thrombotic event subsequently occurred in untreated asymptomatic DUS‐CRT. Age >50 years (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.01–3.22), BMI >30 kg/m² (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.46–4.76) and comorbidities (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.18–3.56) were associated with DUS‐CRT. No biomarkers was found to predict DUS‐CRT. In multivariate analysis, BMI >30 kg/m² (OR, 2.66; 95%CI, 1.46–4.84) and lobular carcinoma histology (OR, 2.56; 95%CI, 1.32–4.96) remained the only significant DUS‐CRT risk factors. Thrombophilia did not account for DUS‐CRT. Only clinical parameters identified high risk DUS‐CRT patients who may be considered for thromboprophylaxis.
Social determinants of stage IV anal cancer and the impact of pelvic radiotherapy in the metastatic setting
Authors: Repka Michael C. , Aghdam Nima , Karlin Andrew W. , Unger Keith R.
Published: October 2017

Anal cancer is a relatively rare malignancy, and a minority of patients present with metastatic disease in the United States. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify factors associated with metastatic disease at presentation and evaluate the role of pelvic radiotherapy in these patients. The NCDB was queried for patients with squamous cell cancer of the anus diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Patients were stratified by clinical stage at diagnosis, and a binary logistic regression model was created to identify factors associated with metastatic disease at diagnosis. A secondary metastatic cohort was generated and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was created to identify factors associated with improved survival. To validate findings, propensity‐score matching was performed to generate a 1:1 paired dataset stratified by receipt of pelvic radiotherapy. The primary analysis cohort consisted of 28,500 patients. Facility location, male gender, and lack of insurance were confirmed as independent risk factors for metastatic disease. The metastatic cohort consisted of 1264 patients. Multivariable analysis confirmed female sex, possession of a private or Medicare insurance plan, pelvic radiotherapy, and chemotherapy as independent predictors of improved survival. A propensity‐score matched cohort of 730 patients was generated. The median survival was 17.6 months in patients who received radiotherapy versus 14.5 months in those who did not (P < 0.01). In this cohort, male gender and lack of insurance were associated with metastatic disease at presentation. Furthermore, a significant benefit was associated with the use of pelvic radiotherapy. Future prospective research is warranted to confirm these findings.
Bifunctional Platinum(II) Complexes with Bisphosphonates Substituted Diamine Derivatives: Synthesis and In vitro Cytotoxicity
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Zhao Jian , Ji Zhongling
Published: October 2017

A series of N,N′‐dibisphosphonate‐containing 1,3‐propanediamine derivatives (L1 – L6) and their corresponding dichloridoplatinum(II) complexes (1 – 6) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 31P‐NMR and HR‐MS spectra. The in vitro antitumor activities of compounds L1 – L6 and 1 – 6 were tested by WST‐8 assay with Cell Counting Kit‐8, indicating that platinum‐based complexes 1 – 6 showed higher cytotoxicity than corresponding ligands L1 – L6 against A549 and MG‐63, especially complex 2 which displayed comparable cytotoxicity to those of cisplatin and zoledronate after 48 h incubation. In addition, complexes 1 – 6 were more active in vitro on osteosarcoma cell line MG‐63 than normal osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. The structure‐activity relationship has been summarized based on the in vitro cytotoxicity of three series of platinum complexes from this and our previous studies. The in vitro bone affinity of platinum complexes was also tested by hydroxyapatite (HAP) chromatography in terms of capacity factor K′. Besides, in this paper, representative complex 2, which has been proved to be a promising antitumor agent with high cytotoxicity and bone HAP binding property, was investigated for its mechanism of action producing cell death against MG‐63.
Initial results of a first‐in‐human study on the PlasmaWire™ System, a new radiofrequency wire for recanalization of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Kanno Daitaro , Tsuchikane Etsuo , Nasu Kenya , Katoh Osamu , Kashima Yoshifumi , Kaneko Umihiko , Fujita Tsutomu , Suzuki Yoriyasu , Suzuki Takahiko
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To examine the safety, efficacy, and efficiency of the PlasmaWireTM System to recanalize coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) using controlled ablation inside the CTO.

Background

The PlasmaWireTM System is a new bipolar radiofrequency (RF) wire system utilizing plasma‐mediated ablation to facilitate wire crossing in CTOs. Two independent PlasmaWireTM wires are used in tandem for channel creation by applying RF energy between the tips so as to localize the ablation.

Methods

Prospective, nonrandomized, single‐arm, multicenter study in seven patients with CTOs indicated for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Results

In this study, both wires were antegradely delivered to the distal end of CTO for antegrade re‐entry in two cases and bidirectionally (antegrade and retrograde) delivered to the CTO for retrograde re‐entry in five cases. In all cases, channel creation was achieved within a few seconds and was confirmed on angiogram or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and CTO recanalization was successfully achieved without any major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) or other minor complications. The clinical follow‐up showed no clinical event at 1 month.

Conclusions

The PlasmaWireTM System was shown to be safe and effective in obtaining CTO recanalization through a re‐entry channel utilizing plasma‐mediated ablation while reducing procedure time. The PlasmaWire™ System is a new bi‐polar RF wire system utilizing plasma‐mediated ablation for channel creation to facilitate CTO recanalization. This first‐in‐human study in which seven patients were enrolled was conducted to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and efficiency of this system for CTO recanalization. Channels through the CTOs were successfully created within a few seconds by applying RF energy between the tips of two independent PlasmaWireTM wires and recanalization was achieved in all cases without any complication. The PlasmaWireTM System may safely facilitate CTO recanalization with less vessel injury and improve initial results of CTO PCI while reducing procedure time.
Safety and feasibility of same‐day early discharge after endovascular revascularization of lower extremities in elderly. SENIOR‐ER registry
Authors: Janas Adam , Milewski Krzysztof , Buszman Piotr P. , Janas Ksenia , Blachut Aleksandra , Pruski Maciej , Wiernek Szymon , Zurakowski Aleksander , Buszman Pawel E. , Kiesz Stefan R.
Published: October 2017

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess safety and feasibility of one‐day early discharge (ODD) after endovascular revascularization (ER) of lower extremities in elderly.

Background

Safety and feasibility of ODD after ER have never been investigated in the elderly, despite the PAD rate has been rising in well‐developed countries as their populations are getting older.

Methods

The consecutive data of 477 patients after ER who were intended to ODD were reviewed. The ER procedure (balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, stenting) was performed due to significant, angiographically confirmed arterial stenosis with at least Rutheford III claudication. The population was divided into two groups: ≥70 years old (y. o.) in which were 235 patients and 220 patients <70 y. o., the younger control cohort. The follow‐up was performed 24 hr after (24FU) the procedure and 30 days (30FU) after discharge.

Results

There were no differences between the groups in the ratio of same‐day discharge (99% vs 99.5%, P = 0.6) and the mean time to ambulation was 287.4 ± 43.4 min versus 285.8 ± 45.7 min (P = 0.603). The ODD was not applied in 2 patients ≥70 y. o. due to two pseudoaneurysms requiring surgical repairs and in one from the control group due to retroperitoneal bleeding. There was no MACE or creatinine increase at 24 hr in both groups. At 30 days, there was no incidence of MACE in the ≥70 y. o. group while 3 MACE occurred in the control. The ratio of access site complications was comparable between the groups.

Conclusion

The study allows for a hypothesis that the advantages of ODD could be safely extended to the patients ≥70 y. o.
Awake tracheotomy in a patient with stridor and dyspnoea caused by a sizeable malignant thyroid tumor: a case report and short review of the literature
Authors: Hohn Andreas , Kauliņš Tālis , Hinkelbein Jochen , Kauliņa Krista , Kopp Andreas , Russo Sebastian G. , Kohlen Sigurd , Schröder Stefan
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical Message

Individual airway management is mandatory in patients with large goiters undergoing thyroid surgery. Preoperative endoscopic airway evaluation and imaging studies can support clinical decision making. Awake tracheotomy can be an effective and reasonable airway management strategy in such patients.
A Model to Evaluate the Dustiness of Powders and Binary Powder Mixtures
Authors: Parey Matthias , Schmidt Eberhard
Published: October 2017

Dust emissions of powder handling processes lead to several problems with regard to health, environment, and product quality. Currently, there is no universal method to predict the character and extent of dust release. A model to evaluate the dustiness of powders and binary powder mixtures is introduced and discussed. Disperse characteristics, different particulate material compositions, and effective adhesive forces are considered as the leading factors affecting the dustiness. The outcome of the model allows comparing theoretical dust emissions from different designed powders and predicting the composition of the released dust. The model is demonstrated based on corundum‐blended limestone powder. The study also provides a comparison to experimental data.
Generation of ϵ,ϵ‐Difluorinated Metal‐Pentadienyl Species through Lanthanide‐Mediated C−F Activation
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Massicot Fabien , Harakat Dominique , Chevreux Sylviane , Martinez Agathe , Bordolinska Klaudia , Preethalayam Preethanuj , Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan , Behr Jean‐Bernard , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Jaroschik Florian
Published: October 2017

Heavy metal on Lewis acid: The combination of lanthanide metals and AlCl3 has been employed for selective single C−F activation in benzofulvenes comprising an exocyclic CF3 substituent. Intermediate ϵ,ϵ‐difluorinated metal‐dienyl species react with a large variety of aldehydes in a highly regio‐ and diastereoselective fashion to afford 1,1‐disubstituted indenes bearing a difluorovinyl group. These new building blocks have been further transformed through a hydrogenation–cyclization process into fluorinated heterocyclic spiro compounds.
Ammoniaksynthese bei Zimmertemperatur?
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: October 2017

Die Haber‐Bosch‐Synthese verwandelt seit über 100 Jahren Luftstickstoff in Ammoniak, der zu Düngemitteln und anderen Stickstoffverbindungen weiterverarbeitet wird. Doch die Suche nach besseren, energiesparenden Methoden geht weiter.
Neural stem/progenitor cells are activated during tail regeneration in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)
Authors: Gilbert E.A.B. , Vickaryous M.K.
Published: October 2017

As for many lizards, the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) can self‐detach its tail to avoid predation and then regenerate a replacement. The replacement tail includes a regenerated spinal cord with a simple morphology: an ependymal layer surrounded by nerve tracts. We hypothesized that cells within the ependymal layer of the original spinal cord include populations of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) that contribute to the regenerated spinal cord. Prior to tail loss, we performed a bromodeoxyuridine pulse‐chase experiment and found that a subset of ependymal layer cells (ELCs) were label‐retaining after a 140‐day chase period. Next, we conducted a detailed spatiotemporal characterization of these cells before, during, and after tail regeneration. Our findings show that SOX2, a hallmark protein of NSPCs, is constitutively expressed by virtually all ELCs before, during, and after regeneration. We also found that during regeneration, ELCs express an expanded panel of NSPC and lineage‐restricted progenitor cell markers, including MSI‐1, SOX9, and TUJ1. Using electron microscopy, we determined that multiciliated, uniciliated, and biciliated cells are present, although the latter was only observed in regenerated spinal cords. Our results demonstrate that cells within the ependymal layer of the original, regenerating and fully regenerate spinal cord represent a heterogeneous population. These include radial glia comparable to Type E and Type B cells, and a neuronal‐like population of cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting cells. We propose that spinal cord regeneration in geckos represents a truncation of the restorative trajectory observed in some urodeles and teleosts, resulting in the formation of a structurally distinct replacement.