bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran
Authors: GHEBLEALIVAND SAEIDE S. , IRANI-NEJAD KARIM HADDAD , MANZARI SHAHAB , VAHED MOHAMMAD MOGHADAM , MAGOWSKI WOJCIECH Ł.
Published: November 2016

Mites of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acariformes: Tarsonemoidea: Tarsonemidae) were collected in the East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran. Neotarsonemoides (N.) marandicus sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Other species collected include: Neotarsonemoides (N.) evae Magowski, 2002 , N. (N.) multiplex (Kaliszewski, 1983) and N. (N.) occultus (Kaliszewski, 1983) which represent the first records of these species outside of their type locality. Neotarsonemoides (N.) polonicus (Willmann, 1949) and N. (Ototarsonemus) alatus (Livshits, Mitrofanov and Sharonov,1979) are new records for the fauna of Asia, as well as the first record of the subgenus Ototarsonemus in Western Asia. A re-description and illustrations of N. (O.) alatus are provided. An identification key to females of the genus Neotarsonemoides in Iran is provided.
Revision of the genus Coeliccia Kirby in Borneo part II: Two new species from the membranipes-group, with a redescription of C. macrostigma Laidlaw (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae)
Authors: DOW RORY A.
Published: November 2016

Coeliccia matok sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Sarawak, Samarahan Division, peat swamp forest at old UNIMAS campus, 25 ii 2008, to be deposited in BMNH) and Coeliccia paludensis sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Kalimantan Tengah, peat swamp forest in ex Mega Rice Project Block E, 18 vi 2012, in RMNH) are described from Borneo. The two new species are apparently confined to peat swamp forest (C. paludensis) or largely confined to peat swamp forest and related forest formations (C. matok). Coeliccia macrostigma Laidlaw is redescribed and all available information on it is summarised. Additional terminology for characters of the prothorax in Coeliccia species is introduced. Distribution maps are given for all three species considered.
Solenoptera Audinet-Serville, 1832 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Solenopterini) in Cuba, with description of a new species
Authors: DEVESA SERGIO , FONSECA ELIER , BARRO ALEJANDRO
Published: November 2016

The genus Solenoptera Audinet-Serville in Cuba is reviewed and S. zayasi sp. nov. is described from Cuba. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: 1) S. fraudulenta Galileo & Martins, 1993 is synonymized with S. dominicensis Gahan, 1890; 2) S. cubana (Zayas, 1975) is transferred from Prosternodes cubanus Zayas, 1975. Furthermore, S. dominicensis is removed from the Cuban fauna and new localities for S. cubana are recorded. A key to all three Solenoptera species known from Cuba, both for males and females, is included.
First report of some known Trichodinella epizootica Šramek-Hušek, 1953,
and Tripartiella Lom, 1959 from the cultured Oranda Gold Fish (Carassius auratus auratus) in India
Authors: SAHA MANDIRA , BANDYOPADHYAY P.K.
Published: November 2016

Trichodiniasis of fishes cause economic losses in the fish industry through mortality and decrease growth rate. Very few studies of these ectoparasites have been made in India. A comprehensive icthyoparasotological survey in some ornamental fish farms of different parts of India has been done since March 2014–May 2015. During the study these trichodinid parasites have been identified from the gills of Oranda Gold Fish (Carassius auratus auratus L.). They are Trichodinella epizootica, Tripartiella viz. Tripartiella bulbosa, Tripartiella copiosa and Tripartiella obtusa. All these parasites have been recorded for the first time from the gills of Oranda Gold Fish (Carassius auratus auratus L.) in India i.e. The paper deals with the diversity and description of ciliophorans parasites of ornamental fish.
Morphology and systematic position of Cingula tumidula G.O. Sars, 1878 Gastropoda: Rissoidae)
Authors: NEKHAEV IVAN O.
Published: November 2016

Rissoidae is a family of small to minute marine gastropods distributed worldwide. The generic composition of the family was revised by Ponder (1984) based on characters of external morphology and internal anatomy. However, species level taxonomy within the family is still based mainly on conchological characters, which are less informative and usually not sufficient for resolving the systematic relationships of species. Northern Atlantic representatives of the family were revised by Warén (1974; 1996) and Bouchet & Warén (1993) based on shape and sculpture of both proto- and teleoconch, and were suggested to be members of several genera, widely distributed in boreal or even tropical Atlantic environments. These include Alvania Risso, 1826; Onoba H. & A. Adams, 1852; Obtusella Cossmann, 1921 and a few more. However, it was recently demonstrated that some these genera are not monophyletic (Criscione et al. 2016).
Hypselobarbus bicolor, a new species of large barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: KNIGHT J. D. MARCUS , RAI ASHWIN , D'SOUZA RONALD K.P. , PHILIP SIBY , DAHANUKAR NEELESH
Published: November 2016

There has been much confusion around the identity of Hypselobarbus pulchellus, an endemic large barb of the Western Ghats. Recent works highlighted the fact that it is likely that two similar-looking species have been considered as H. pulchellus. A genetic analysis helps differentiate the two forms: viz., H. pulchellus and a new species, here described as H. bicolor sp. nov. Hypselobarbus bicolor can be distinguished from all other species of Hypselobarbus based on a combination of the following characters: two pairs of barbels, lateral line complete, with 34–36+1-2 pored scales, ½6/1/3½ scales in the transverse row; 11–12 predorsal scales; last simple dorsal ray weak, dorsal fin with 9½ branched rays, gill rakers short and simple, 4–6+11–12 on first gill arch; proximal end of fifth ceratobranchial slightly curved, with 5+3+2 teeth; overall coloration dark grey with an ill-defined silver- or bronze-coloured band running along length of body, two scales high, on lateral-line scale-row and row above it; fins devoid of any markings; and small, closely-placed tubercles restricted to the tip of the snout in large males.
A beautiful new yellow salamander, genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from the northeastern slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: KUBICKI BRIAN , ARIAS ERICK
Published: November 2016

A new yellow salamander belonging to the genus Bolitoglossa, subgenus Eladinea, is described from a premontane rainforest in the vicinity of Moravia de Chirripó, on the northeastern slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica at an elevation of ca. 1300 m. This new taxon is distinguished from its congeners by its chromatic and morphological characteristics, and by differentiation in DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome b genes.
Polarimetric Signatures of Midlatitude Warm-Rain Precipitation Events
Authors: Carr N. , Kirstetter P. E. , Gourley J. J. , Hong Y.
Published: November 2016

Precipitation events in which rainfall is generated primarily below the freezing level via warm-rain processes have traditionally presented a significant challenge for radar and satellite quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) algorithms. It is possible to improve QPE in warm-rain events if they are correctly identified/classified as warm rain prior to precipitation estimation. Additionally, it is anticipated that classification schemes incorporating polarimetric radar data will be able to leverage precipitation microphysical information to better identify warm-rain precipitation events. This study lays the groundwork for the development of a polarimetric warm-rain classification algorithm by documenting the typical three-dimensional polarimetric characteristics associated with midlatitude warm-rain precipitation events. These characteristics are then compared with those observed in non-warm-rain events. Nearly all warm-rain precipitation events were characterized by lower median values of Z, ZDR, and KDP relative to the non-warm-rain convective cases. Furthermore, droplet coalescence was determined to be the dominant microphysical process in the majority of warm-rain events, while in non-warm-rain stratiform events, evaporation and breakup appeared to be the dominant (warm) microphysical processes. Most warm-rain events were also associated with sharp decreases in reflectivity, with height above the freezing level coincident with low echo-top heights and freezing-level ZDR values near 0, indicating limited ice- and mixed-phase precipitation growth processes. These results support the feasibility of a future polarimetric warm-rain identification algorithm.
Estimating Enhanced Fujita Scale Levels Based on Forest Damage Severity
Authors: Godfrey Christopher M. , Peterson Chris J.
Published: November 2016

Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale estimates following tornadoes remain challenging in rural areas with few traditional damage indicators. In some cases, such as the 27 April 2011 tornadoes that passed through mostly inaccessible terrain in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Chattahoochee National Forest in the southeastern United States, traditional ground-based tornado damage surveys are nearly impossible. This work presents a novel method to infer EF-scale categories in forests using levels of tree damage and a coupled wind and tree resistance model. High-resolution aerial imagery allows detailed analyses based on a field of nearly half a million trees labeled with their geographic location and fall direction. Ground surveys also provide details on the composition of tree species and tree diameters within each tornado track. A statistical resampling procedure randomly draws a sample of trees from this database of observed trees. The coupled wind and tree resistance model determines the percentage of trees in that sample that fall for a given wind speed. By repeating this procedure, each wind speed value corresponds with a distribution of treefall percentages in the sampled plots. Comparing these results with the observed treefall percentage in small subplots along the entire tornado track allows estimation of the most probable wind speed associated with each subplot. Maps of estimated EF-scale levels reveal the relationship between complex terrain and wind speeds and show the variability of the intensity of each tornado along both tracks. This approach may lead to methods for the straightforward estimation of EF-scale categories in remote or inaccessible locations.
The Importance of Social Support and Coercion to Risk of Impulsivity and Juvenile Offending
Authors: Kurtz Don L. , Zavala Egbert
Published: November 2016

The current study provides a comprehensive test of differential social support and coercion (DSSC) theory of crime as proposed by Colvin, Cullen, and Vander Ven. DSSC suggests that social interactions are either coercive or supportive in nature and that these interactions figure prominently into the development of self-control and delinquent behavior. Data drawn from the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) assess four DSSC research hypotheses. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression suggests that parental support reduces impulsive behavior whereas coercive relationships correlate with increased impulsivity. Logistic regression indicates that parental support associates with reduced violent offending odds and that interpersonal coercion and low self-control increase violent offending. Beyond testing micro-level DSSC theory, these findings have important implications for criminal justice responses to juvenile offending.
Rehabilitating LSD history in postwar America: Dilworth Wayne Woolley and the serotonin hypothesis of mental illness
Authors: Hewitt Kim
Published: November 2016

Revisiting the history of postwar LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) research illuminates how the work of a chemist at the Rockefeller Institute contributed to the development of a biochemical paradigm for mental functioning. Dilworth Wayne Woolley proposed one of the first theories of the biochemistry of mental illness based on empirical evidence. His research with LSD and serotonin had wide-ranging repercussions for pharmacology and fit neatly into the emerging medicalization of mental illness. Reevaluating Woolley’s ideas and the fruits of psychopharmacology leads to possible new approaches toward mental health and illness when considered alongside lessons learned from past research with psychedelic substances, and exemplifies a broader paradigm shift in cultural studies toward a biopsychosocial model that acknowledges the intersections between biology and culture.
Children’s comprehension of two types of syntactic ambiguity
Authors: Zimmer Elly Jane
Published: November 2016

This study asks whether children accept both interpretations of ambiguous sentences with contexts supporting each option. Twenty-six 3- to 5-year-old English-speaking children and a control group of 30 English-speaking adults participated in a truth value judgment task. As a step towards evaluating the complexity of syntactic ambiguity, the materials included prepositional phrase ambiguities (e.g., The boy saw the girl with binoculars.) and reduced relative clause ambiguities (e.g., The boy saw the girl using a magnifying glass.). Children generally accepted both interpretations of such ambiguities. This suggests that children this age have not only mastered the syntactic configurations associated with these ambiguities, but they can appropriately assign multiple possible structural analyses to an individual expression. Children did reject more interpretations than adults. This may be due to differences in the developing parser and the adult parser.
Upregulation of P2Y2 nucleotide receptor in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Tak Eunyoung , Jun Dae Young , Kim Seok-Hwan , Park Gil-Chun , Lee Jooyoung , Hwang Shin , Song Gi-Won , Lee Sung-Gyu
Published: November 2016

Objective

To examine if hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can induce the upregulation of the purinergic receptor P2Y2 (P2Y2) and thereby promote the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under hypoxic conditions.

Methods

Archival HCC tumour specimens and corresponding non-cancerous tissues were examined immunohistochemically for P2Y2 protein. A series of in vitro experiments were undertaken using HCC cell lines to determine the effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α and P2Y2 levels, the effect of HIF-1α upregulation on P2Y2 levels, and the effect of P2Y2 upregulation on cell viability under hypoxic conditions.

Results

Human HCC specimens were positive for P2Y2. Hypoxia and upregulated HIF-1α both upregulated the P2Y2 levels in HCC cell lines. P2Y2 upregulation using plasmid transfection resulted in enhanced cell viability under hypoxia. Treatment of HepG2 cells with the selective P2Y2 antagonist MRS2312 downregulated P2Y2 and reduced cell viability in five HCC cell lines. P2Y2 knockdown reduced HepG2 cell viability under hypoxia.

Conclusions

These present results suggest that HCC cells upregulate P2Y2 levels during hypoxia, which in turn promotes their growth. P2Y2 could be a potential therapeutic target for treating HCC.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death
Authors: Tak Eunyoung , Park Gil-Chun , Kim Seok-Hwan , Jun Dae Young , Lee Jooyoung , Hwang Shin , Song Gi-Won , Lee Sung-Gyu
Published: November 2016

Objective

To investigate the protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol source in green tea, against hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury in mice.

Methods

The partial hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury model was created by employing the hanging-weight method in C57BL/6 male mice. EGCG (50 mg/kg) was administered via an intraperitoneal injection 45 min before performing the reperfusion. A number of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and liver injury were measured after the ischaemia–reperfusion injury had been induced.

Results

The treatment groups were: sham-operated (Sham, n = 10), hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IR, n = 10), and EGCG with ischaemia–reperfusion injury (EGCG-treated IR, n = 10). Hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury increased the levels of biochemical and histological markers of liver injury, increased the levels of malondialdehyde, reduced the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, increased the levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation markers, decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 levels, and increased the levels of Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. Pretreatment with EGCG ameliorated all of these changes.

Conclusion

The antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of EGCG protected against hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury in mice.
The analysis of blood lead levels changeability over the 5-year observation in workers occupationally exposed to lead
Authors: Dobrakowski Michał , Boroń Marta , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Kozłowska Agnieszka , Kasperczyk Aleksandra , Płachetka Anna , Pawlas Natalia
Published: November 2016

The aim of the present study was to compare a group of workers with stable lead levels with a group of workers with fluctuating lead levels in terms of selected hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters. The examined group included male workers occupationally exposed to lead. Blood lead (PbB) levels were measured every 3 months during the 5-year observation. Based on standard deviation of mean PbB levels, the examined population was divided into two groups: low level of fluctuation (L-SD) and high level of fluctuation (H-SD) groups. The mean and maximal PbB levels were significantly higher in the H-SD group than in the L-SD group by 9 and 22%, respectively. At the same time, the maximal level of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and standard deviation of mean ZPP level were higher in the H-SD group by 29 and 55%, respectively. The maximal level of hemoglobin and white blood cell (WBC) count as well as standard deviation of the mean hemoglobin level and WBC count were higher in the H-SD group by 2, 8, 58, and 24%, respectively. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-B1 gene and telomerase reverse transcriptase gene was significantly greater in the H-SD group than in the L-SD group by 11 and 28%, respectively. Workers occupationally exposed to lead do not represent a homogenous population. Some present stable lead levels, whereas others have fluctuating lead levels. These fluctuations are related to secondary changes in ZPP and hemoglobin levels as well as WBC count.
Characteristics of Brazilian Offenders and Victims of Interpersonal Violence: An Exploratory Study
Authors: d’Avila Sérgio , Campos Ana Cristina , Bernardino Ítalo de Macedo , Cavalcante Gigliana Maria Sobral , Nóbrega Lorena Marques da , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of Brazilian offenders and victims of interpersonal violence, following a medicolegal and forensic perspective. A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed in a Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry. The sample was made up of 1,704 victims of nonlethal interpersonal violence with some type of trauma. The victims were subject to forensic examinations by a criminal investigative team that identified and recorded the extent of the injuries. For data collection, a specific form was designed consisting of four parts according to the information provided in the medicolegal and social records: sociodemographic data of the victims, offender’s characteristics, aggression characteristics, and types of injuries. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using cluster analysis (CA) were performed. The two-step cluster method was used to characterize the profile of the victims and offenders. Most of the events occurred during the nighttime (50.9%) and on weekdays (66.3%). Soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent type (94.6%). Based on the CA results, two clusters for the victims and two for the offenders were identified. Victims: Cluster 1 was formed typically by women, aged 30 to 59 years, and married; Cluster 2 was composed of men, aged 20 to 29 years, and unmarried. Offenders: Cluster 1 was characterized by men, who perpetrated violence in a community environment. Cluster 2 was formed by men, who perpetrated violence in the familiar environment. These findings revealed different risk groups with distinct characteristics for both victims and offenders, allowing the planning of targeted measures of care, prevention, and health promotion. This study assesses the profile of violence through morbidity data and significantly contributes to building an integrated system of health surveillance in Brazil, as well as linking police stations, forensic services, and emergency hospitals.
Defining and Predicting Pimps’ Coerciveness Toward Sex Workers: Socialization Processes
Authors: Stalans Loretta J. , Finn Mary A.
Published: November 2016

Prior research has found that pimps use both non-coercive and coercive management styles across and within market segments of the illicit sex trade. The current study is the first to examine the socialization processes underlying variation in the self-reported coerciveness of pimps. This study begins to fill a void in the almost non-existent research on pimps who are actively managing Internet-solicited sex workers, and adds to the sparse research on pimps’ coerciveness. We extend Anderson’s concepts of “street code” families, where respect is acquired through displaying physical violence and toughness, and “decent” families, where middle class values of avoiding unnecessary aggression and complying with the law prevail, to understand variation in the degree of coerciveness that pimps utilize toward sex workers. A purposive sample of 44 active pimps was obtained through referrals from selected pimps and through placing advertisements on Backpage, a website utilized by the illicit prostitution trade. Qualitative coding revealed a wide range of coercive control tactics such as supplying drugs, surveillance, and physical violence. Pimps who served as sex workers and those raised by parents who supported “the code of the street” reported use of a greater number of more severe coercive tactics. College-educated pimps, pimps operating business that charged fees of at least US$300, and those from “decent” families were more likely to use non-coercive management. These findings suggest that early prevention programs might address the “street code” mentality that contributes to coerciveness, and that “End Demand” policies need to recognize that many male pimps also have served as sex workers.
The Social and Individual Characteristics of Women Associated With Engagement With Multiple Intimate Violent Partners
Authors: Stein Sara F. , Grogan-Kaylor Andrew A. , Galano Maria M. , Clark Hannah M. , Graham-Bermann Sandra A.
Published: November 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem with known negative physical and mental health outcomes for women exposed. Studies have shown that with increased violence exposure, there are increased risks of negative outcomes for women. Likewise, chronicity of IPV across multiple partners is linked to more profound psychological suffering than acute exposure. However, little is known about the social- and individual-level characteristics of women that are correlated with engagement with multiple abusive partners. The current study ( N = 164) identifies the characteristics of women that are associated with the number of violent partners with which they have been involved, with 35% of the sample reporting multiple IPV relationships. Participants reported on the number of violent partners, demographic characteristics, trauma history, current trauma and depressive symptoms, and exposure to IPV, including physical, sexual, and psychological violence. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that trauma history (childhood sexual abuse, being held hostage, and torture) and current psychological violence were associated with women’s engagement with multiple violent partners. Additional findings reveal that identification as African American and White was associated with greater re-engagement compared with identification as Latina. Finally, current exposure to sexual violence was associated with fewer violent partners. The clinical implications of these findings for treatment for women at risk for engagement with multiple partners in IPV relationships are discussed.
From Lenin to Wałęsa
Authors: Grodsky Brian
Published: November 2016

In this article, I argue that the ideological revolutions of the twentieth century were fundamentally about human rights, and human dignity in particular. By human dignity, I refer to an amalgam of primarily economic but also social and political rights. Throughout the century, revolutionaries capitalized on conditions of human rights deprivations under the ruling regime and mobilized supporters based on promises of rectification. Regime changes were far less about ideology (e.g., communism, democracy) than they were about ensuring human dignity. In most cases, the new ideologies and elites driving change brought new sets of human dignity shortcomings with them. I explore this argument with an in-depth analysis of regime change in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century and Poland at the end. In each case, I find that promises of human dignity, starting with ensuring the preservation of life and basic economic conditions for survival, were the rallying point for change.
Web Versus Mobile Web
Authors: Keusch Florian , Yan Ting
Published: November 2016

Due to a rising mobile device penetration, Web surveys are increasingly accessed and completed on smartphones or tablets instead of desktop computers or laptops. Mobile Web surveys are also gaining popularity as an alternative self-administered data collection mode among survey researchers. We conducted a methodological experiment among iPhone owners and compared the participation and response behavior of three groups of respondents: iPhone owners who started and completed our survey on a desktop or laptop PC, iPhone owners who self-selected to complete the survey on an iPhone, and iPhone owners who started on a PC but were requested to switch to iPhone. We found that respondents who completed the survey on a PC were more likely to be male, to have a lower educational level, and to have more experience with Web surveys than mobile Web respondents, regardless of whether they used the iPhone voluntarily or were asked to switch from a PC to an iPhone. Overall, iPhone respondents had more missing data and took longer to complete the survey than respondents who answered the questions on a PC, but they also showed less straightlining behavior. There are only minimal device differences on survey answers obtained from PCs and iPhones.
A late-Holocene multi-proxy record from the northern Norwegian margin: Temperature and salinity variability
Authors: Berben Sarah MP , Husum Katrine , Aagaard-Sørensen Steffen
Published: November 2016

To elucidate the natural variability of Atlantic and Coastal water, a late-Holocene multi-proxy analysis is performed on a marine sediment core from the northern Norwegian margin. This includes planktic foraminiferal fauna and their preservation indicators, stable isotopes (δ18Oc, δ13C), sub-surface temperature (SSTMg/Ca) and salinity (SSS) records based on paired Mg/Ca and δ18Oc measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and transfer function–derived sub-surface temperatures (SSTTransfer). The record shows a general cooling with subtle fluctuating palaeoceanographic conditions, here attributed to shifting North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) modes. Period I (ca. 3500–2900 cal. yr BP) is strongly influenced by Coastal water and stratified water masses, possibly correlating to negative NAO conditions. During period II (ca. 2900–1600 cal. yr BP), dominating warm Atlantic water might be linked to a positive NAO mode and the Roman Warm Period. A renewed influence of Coastal water is observed throughout period III (ca. 1600–900 cal. yr BP). Stable and colder SST values potentially correlate to the Dark Ages and are here attributed to negative NAO conditions. Within period IV (ca. 900–550 cal. yr BP), the core site experienced a stronger influence of Atlantic water which might be because of the positive NAO conditions correlating to the ‘Medieval Warm Period’. Additionally, an inverse correlation in Atlantic water influence between the eastern and western Atlantic Ocean is observed throughout periods II, III and IV. This Atlantic oceanographic see-saw pattern is attributed to an opposite climatic response to changing NAO conditions arguing for a coupling between ocean and atmosphere.
Meteorological validation of chironomids as a paleotemperature proxy using varved lake sediments
Authors: Luoto Tomi P , Ojala Antti EK
Published: November 2016

In order to improve the reliability of climate models in their projections for the future, spatially and temporally detailed paleoclimate proxy data are needed. In this study, we examined annually laminated sediments from Lake Nurmijärvi (Finland) for their fossil Chironomidae assemblages over a time period with available meteorological observational data (since 1830s). In doing so, we correlated chironomid-based inferences of summer air temperatures against instrumentally measured values using two different reconstruction approaches, namely, calibration-in-space (CiS, multilake training set) and calibration-in-time (CiT, calibration of time series data against meteorological data). The results showed that the principal variability in fossil chironomid assemblages in the sediment core corresponded to the measured air temperatures. In addition, the temperatures reconstructed using CiS ( R = 0.38, p = 0.014) and CiT ( R = 0.51, p = 0.001) correlated significantly with the meteorological data; however, the CiS approach showed higher variability and larger differences against the instrumentally measured values. A significant lag of on average 4–8 years was also found in the chironomid response to observed temperature change that is, nevertheless, much shorter time span than with some other paleoclimate proxies. The results verify the usability and sensitivity of chironomids as a paleoclimate proxy in the Nurmijärvi varved sediment record with the potential value of an exceptionally well-resolved downcore record of the Holocene climate change in the future. The CiT approach can potentially provide accurate paleotemperature estimates at the late-Holocene scale, but the CiS approach may be more useful at longer timescales if the community compositions change significantly from those occurring during the calibration period of the CiT.
Learning Mechanics and Game Mechanics Under the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory to Foster Motivation in Digital Game Based Learning
Authors: Proulx Jean-Nicolas , Romero Margarida , Arnab Sylvester
Published: November 2016

Background. Using digital games for educational purposes has been associated with higher levels of motivation among learners of different educational levels. However, the underlying psychological factors involved in digital game based learning (DGBL) have been rarely analyzed considering self-determination theory (SDT); the relation of SDT with the flow experience has neither been evaluated in the context of DGBL.

Aim. This article evaluates DGBL under the perspective of SDT in order to improve the study of motivational factors in DGBL.

Results. In this paper, we introduce the LMGM-SDT theoretical framework, where the use of DGBL is analyzed through the Learning Mechanics and Game Mechanics mapping model (LM-GM) and its relation with the components of the SDT. The implications for the use of DGBL in order to promote learners’ motivation are also discussed.
Grounding emotions in robots – An introduction to the special issue
Authors: Lowe Robert , Barakova Emilia , Billing Erik , Broekens Joost
Published: November 2016

Robots inhabiting human environments need to act in relation to their own experience and embodiment as well as to social and emotional aspects. Robots that learn, act upon and incorporate their own experience and perception of others’ emotions into their responses make not only more productive artificial agents but also agents with whom humans can appropriately interact. This special issue seeks to address the significance of grounding of emotions in robots in relation to aspects of physical and homeostatic interaction in the world at an individual and social level. Specific questions concern: How can emotion and social interaction be grounded in the behavioral activity of the robotic system? Is a robot able to have intrinsic emotions? How can emotions, grounded in the embodiment of the robot, facilitate individually and socially adaptive behavior to the robot? This opening chapter provides an introduction to the articles that comprise this special issue and briefly discusses their relationship to grounding emotions in robots.
The Emerging Role of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wang Bing F. , Yoshioka Jun
Published: November 2016

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury represents a major threat to human health and contributes to adverse cardiovascular outcomes worldwide. Despite the identification of numerous molecular mechanisms, understanding of the complex pathophysiology of this clinical syndrome remains incomplete. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) has been of great interest in the past decade since it has been reported to be a critical regulator in human diseases with several important cellular functions. Thioredoxin-interacting protein binds to and inhibits thioredoxin, a redox protein that neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), and through its interaction with thioredoxin, Txnip sensitizes cardiomyocytes to ROS-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, evidence from recent studies also suggests that some of the effects of Txnip may be unrelated to changes in thioredoxin activity. These pleiotropic effects of Txnip are mediated by interactions with other signaling molecules, such as nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and glucose transporter 1. Indeed, Txnip has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory response and glucose homeostasis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. This review attempts to make the case that in addition to interacting with thioredoxin, Txnip contributes to some of the pathological consequences of myocardial ischemia and infarction through endogenous signals in multiple molecular mechanisms.
The Effects of Culture and Performance on Trust in News Media in Post-Communist Eastern Europe: The Case of Serbia
Authors: Pjesivac Ivanka
Published: November 2016

This study tested the influences of cultural and performance factors on trust in news media in Serbia by conducting a survey on a stratified random sample of the population ( N = 544). The results show that both factors played a significant role, but that the performance explanation was slightly more powerful. The levels of trust in news media and generalized trust in Serbia remained low, while the perceptions of news media corruption reached extremely high levels. Before testing theories, the meanings of three main variables were explored by conducting 20 in-depth interviews with a separate sample of the Serbian population.
Failure When Fragmented: Public Land Ownership and Waterfront Redevelopment in Chicago, Vancouver, and Toronto
Authors: Eidelman Gabriel
Published: November 2016

This article investigates the impact of public land ownership on long-term processes of urban development by comparing the political histories of waterfront redevelopment in Chicago, Vancouver, and Toronto. The study is driven by two research questions: Why have redevelopment efforts in Chicago and Vancouver apparently succeeded whereas those in Toronto failed? And what was the impact of public land ownership on these outcomes? Drawing from archival, interview, and geospatial data, I argue that land ownership conditions had a defining and enduring impact on the shape and scale of waterfront redevelopment in each city. What separates Toronto’s waterfront from Chicago and Vancouver is not how much land was historically controlled by public versus private owners, but rather the relative distribution and concentration of these assets. Early political events involving the consolidation or fragmentation of land ownership established institutional arrangements that either enabled or inhibited effective implementation.
Revisiting the Small-World Phenomenon
Authors: Opsahl Tore , Vernet Antoine , Alnuaimi Tufool , George Gerard
Published: November 2016

Research has explored how embeddedness in small-world networks influences individual and firm outcomes. We show that there remains significant heterogeneity among networks classified as small-world networks. We develop measures of the efficiency of a network, which allow us to refine predictions associated with small-world networks. A network is classified as a small-world network if it exhibits a distance between nodes that is comparable to the distance found in random networks of similar sizes—with ties randomly allocated among nodes—in addition to containing dense clusters. To assess how efficient a network is, there are two questions worth asking: (a) What is a compelling random network for baseline levels of distance and clustering? and (b) How proximal should an observed value be to the baseline to be deemed comparable? Our framework tests properties of networks, using simulation, to further classify small-world networks according to their efficiency. Our results suggest that small-world networks exhibit significant variation in efficiency. We explore implications for the field of management and organization.
Price competition in a tourism supply chain
Authors: Jena Sarat Kumar , Jog Deepti
Published: November 2016

In recent trend, advertising is seen to significantly impact channel members’ demand, pricing and profit in tourism supply chain (TSC). Most TSC studies, to date, assumed the market demand to be influenced only by tour price under price competitive environment, not considering the effect of advertising investment. In order to address this problem, two models are established considering decentralized channels: tour operator Stackelberg (TS) and local operator Stackelberg (LS). We analytically show TS model to provide better results than LS model and advertising to strongly influence the channel members’ pricing strategies and profit. Then we generalized the solution considering multiple operators under price competition. We studied two coordination mechanisms, cooperative advertising and two-part tariff, and found the two-part tariff provides better mechanism for improving the profit in LS model compared to cooperative advertisement.
Efficacy of dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with acute venous thromboembolism in the presence of thrombophilia: Findings from RE-COVER®, RE-COVER™ II, and RE-MEDY™
Authors: Goldhaber Samuel Z , Eriksson Henry , Kakkar Ajay , Schellong Sebastian , Feuring Martin , Fraessdorf Mandy , Kreuzer Joerg , Schueler Elke , Schulman Sam
Published: November 2016

It is unclear whether thrombophilia causes resistance to anticoagulant therapy. Post hoc analyses of data from RE-COVER®, RE-COVER™ II, and RE-MEDY™ were performed to compare dabigatran etexilate with warfarin for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with thrombophilia or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). There were no significant differences in symptomatic VTE/VTE-related deaths between dabigatran etexilate and warfarin in patients with or without thrombophilia. All bleeding event categories were less frequent with dabigatran etexilate than with warfarin, regardless of whether patients had thrombophilia, no thrombophilia, or were not tested. However, these differences did not reach significance in every group. In patients with APS, there was no significant difference in VTE/VTE-related deaths between the two treatment arms. Rates of bleeding events tended to be lower with dabigatran etexilate than with warfarin, reaching statistical significance for any bleeding event. In conclusion, the efficacy and safety of dabigatran etexilate were not significantly affected by the presence of thrombophilia or APS. ClinicalTrials.gov RECOVER Identifier: NCT00291330; RECOVER II Identifier: NCT00680186; RE-MEDY Identifier: NCT00329238
Exploring body appreciation and women’s health-related quality of life: The moderating role of age
Authors: O’Neill Elizabeth A , Ramseyer Winter Virginia , Pevehouse Danielle
Published: November 2016

This study explored relationships between body appreciation, health-related quality of life, and age, in an age-diverse sample of 289 women in the United States. Linear regression indicated the relationship between body appreciation and the physical component of health-related quality of life varied by age. For women aged 36 years and older, there was a positive relationship between body appreciation and health-related quality of life; however, a negative relationship was present for other age groups. Findings have clinical implications and suggest body appreciation may buffer the decline in physical health-related quality of life that occurs as age increases.
Recycling stories: Lessons from community arts-based process and exhibition in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Jayme Bruno , Monk David , Tremblay Crystal
Published: November 2016

How can we create meaningful adult education and engagement opportunities for people who work in the recycling industry in Brazil and suffer marginalisation? This question guided the development of a series of community arts-based workshops and public exhibits in São Paulo. In this article, we share the stories of two workers from the recycling industry (i.e. recyclers), and describe how they experienced the potential of art-making and public exhibits. We worked in collaboration with an environmental adult education organisation that aims to expose the recyclers’ realities of poverty, their difficult working conditions and their fight for greater visibility and social inclusion. The stories show how community created art exhibits constructed important visual meaning-making openings, attracted broad public attention and even provided income generation for those involved in the recycling industry.
Beta Responses in Healthy Elderly and in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment During a Task of Temporal Orientation of Attention
Authors: Caravaglios Giuseppe , Castro Giuseppe , Muscoso Emma Gabriella , Crivelli Davide , Balconi Michela
Published: November 2016

Recent studies demonstrated that beta oscillations are elicited during cognitive processes. To investigate their potential as electrophysiological markers of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), we recorded beta EEG activity during resting and during an omitted tone task in patients and healthy elderly. Thirty participants were enrolled (15 patients, 15 healthy controls). In particular, we investigated event-related spectral perturbation and intertrial coherence indices. Analyses showed that ( a) healthy elderly presented greater beta power at rest than patients with aMCI patients; ( b) during the task, healthy elderly were more accurate than aMCI patients and presented greater beta power than aMCI patients; ( c) both groups showed qualitatively similar spectral perturbation responses during the task, but different spatiotemporal response patterns; and ( d) aMCI patients presented greater beta phase locking than healthy elderly during the task. Results indicate that beta activity in healthy elderly differs from that of patients with aMCI. Furthermore, the analysis of task-related EEG activity extends evidences obtained during resting and suggests that during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease there is a reduced efficiency in information exchange by large-scale neural networks. The study for the first time shows the potential of task-related beta responses as early markers of aMCI impairments.
Median Middle School
Authors: Moon Jodi Saxton
Published: November 2016

This case was developed for use with future school leaders in an educational setting. There are several topics of discussion that can be developed, including but not limited to policy implementation, the efficacy of professional learning communities, and improving student learning outcomes. The setting is a solidly performing middle school in the third year of implementing a new policy of common assessments through a professional learning committee model. Data are presented about the students, the district, and the teachers involved. Students must support the main player in the story: a new principal who is about to begin work with an established math department in the midst of collaborative crisis.
Pink Is for Girls
Authors: Martin Jennifer , Beese Jane A.
Published: November 2016

Leaders must know how to use evidence to inform district decisions, particularly as decisions related to learning become standard practice, and provide professional development that builds the organizational capacity needed to support continuous and sustainable district improvement. Collaboration and implementation of a shared vision and mission facilitates the change process. In this case, the curriculum director, Mr. Cooper has developed a plan for curriculum changes in which boys and girls would be separated by classroom, and participate in distinct curriculums based on the premise that innate differences between boys and girls should drive educational models and instructional strategies designed to address the needs and strengths of each sex. This case examines the importance of fostering collaboration, passion for achievement, commitment, and trust.
Problem Posing in Leadership Education
Authors: Myran Steve , Sutherland Ian
Published: November 2016

This case explores Crabapple Middle, a struggling urban school in the midst of a transition that seeks new leadership that can overcome the challenges of two sub-cultures that divide the school and community. In an effort to address issues of low academic performance and negative community perception, an International Baccalaureate magnet program was introduced as a proactive solution. However, the failure to engage in problem posing to identify underlying problems lead school leaders to seek solutions too quickly and to overlook the deeper systemic issues. Teaching notes are provided that outline the concept of problem posing as a means of overcoming the rush to problem solving. Teaching notes advocate for actively prompting discourse that challenges the theory/practice binary and facilitates discursive assessment and critical reflectivity.
Greener on the Other Side
Authors: Sterrett William L. , Kensler Lisa , McKey Tania
Published: November 2016

Sustainability practices that lead to greener schools are often overlooked in leadership preparation programs and in school improvement efforts. An urban middle school principal recognizes the potential to build community, foster a healthy learning environment, and redefine her school through focusing on sustainability practices in a collaborative manner.
“Just Like the Other Boys”
Authors: Croteau Susan M. , Lewis Katherine
Published: November 2016

Gary Armstrong, assistant principal, is faced with a delicate situation. The elementary school recently enrolled a transgender student, and the principal, Amy Lamar, is resistant to considering the student’s unique needs. This case was developed for use in a leadership course. Instructors can use the case to encourage dialogue around legal frameworks, roles and perspectives of key characters, and theoretical perspectives informing decisions and policies. The four activities and discussion questions are designed to guide students in analyzing the scenario. The final activity involves comparing the scenario with a similar case with a different context and disparate outcomes.