bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Little children are not for dad's?’ Challenging and undoing hegemonic masculinity
Authors: Peukert Almut
Published: December 2018

Studies on work and organizations state that traditional gendered cultures support hegemonic masculinity and obstruct an engaged form of ‘new’ fathering. Not only do employers hinder fathers in sharing equally in childcare, but the dynamics within the couple also matter. An examination of the negotiations within couples regarding paid and unpaid work reveals the need to revise conceptualizations of masculinity, with a focus on undoing masculinity. Based on in‐depth interviews with couples in Germany, I argue that social change at the interactional level encompasses at least the possibility that gender, as a resource of the differentiation and hierarchization of masculinities and femininities within the realm of paid and unpaid labour, can be fragile or can even be episodically undone. Hence, more empirical and theoretical work within and beyond the context of fathering is crucial to further theoretical approaches to undoing masculinity.
Safety culture research and practice: A review of 30 years of research collaboration
Authors: Fleming Mark , Harvey Keri , Cregan Brianna
Published: December 2018

Safety culture is a prevalent construct in industrial safety management and arguably one of the most important developments in industrial safety in recent history. This paper aims to provide insight into how an undefined term coined in 1986 has become a major area of collaborative research. This paper also intends to discuss how the construct of safety culture is a positive example of collaborative research and knowledge translation. A literature search was conducted to identify all peer‐reviewed journal articles that included the term “safety culture” in the title in the database. The relevant publications are compared with the use of safety culture by industry and governments to illustrate the intertwined relationship between research and practice. An initial literature search yielded 1,253 article findings. After refining search results, 420 relevant peer‐reviewed articles from 1986 until 2016 remained. Safety culture research has been conducted in response to industry interest in the concept. This industry interest has not only resulted in excellent knowledge translation but also may have contributed to the fragmentation of the research area.
Improved quantum efficiency of Sr(Al,Si)5(O,N)7:Ce3+ by selection of Ce raw material
Authors: Fukuda Yumi , Albessard Ariane Keiko , Mitsuishi Iwao
Published: December 2018

The luminescence properties of yellow‐emitting Ce3+‐doped Sr‐containing sialon phosphor Sr(Al,Si)5(O,N)7:Ce3+ were notably improved by the Ce raw material selection. By changing the Ce raw material from oxides to nitrides or chlorides, the emission wavelength shifted to above 560 nm, which is beneficial for higher color rendering index white light‐emitting diodes. This result from an increase in the covalency of the host crystal being associated with a decrease in the oxygen content. When Ce chloride was used, both the absorption and internal quantum efficiency increased, resulting in an increase in the external quantum efficiency up to 65%–72%. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, and electron spin resonance measurements showed that the reason for the absorption increase is an increase in Ce3+ content and suppression of the generation of the second phase, and the reason for the increase in the internal quantum efficiency is a decrease in the host crystal absorption via suppression of anion vacancy generation. It was found that Ce chloride not only suppresses oxygen impurities but also acts as a flux that results in improved crystallinity.
Genomic regions and enrichment analyses associated with carcass composition indicator traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Silva Rosiane P. , Berton Mariana P. , Grigoletto Laís , Carvalho Felipe E. , Silva Rafael M. O. , Peripolli Elisa , Castro Letícia M. , Ferraz José Bento S. , Eler Joanir P. , Lôbo Raysildo B. , Baldi Fernando
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and identify genomic regions associated with carcass traits obtained by ultrasound and visual scores in Nellore cattle. Data from ~66,000 animals from the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) were used. The variance components for backfat thickness, rump fat thickness and Longissimus muscle area (LMA) were estimated considering a linear model whereas a threshold model for body structure (BS), finishing precocity (FP) and musculature (MS) traits. The SNP solutions were estimated using the ssGBLUP approach by considering windows of 10 consecutive SNPs. Regions that accounted for more than 1.0% of the additive genetic variance were used. Genes identified within the significant windows, such as FOXA3, AP2S1, FKRP, NPASI and ATP6V1G1, were found to be related with MS, while OMA1 and FFGY with BS and FP traits. The PLTP, TNNC2 and GPAT2 genes were found in the regions associated with LMA, as well as TKT, FNDC5 and CHRND can strongly be related with fat deposition. Gene enrichment analysis revealed processes that might be directly influenced the organism growth and development. These results should help to better understand the genetic and physiological mechanisms regulating growth and body composition, muscle tissue development and subcutaneous fat expression, and this information might be useful for future genomic studies in Nellore cattle.
Inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase‐1 activity suppresses tumour progression and improves prognosis in human bladder cancer
Authors: Piao Chiyuan , Cui Xiaolu , Zhan Bo , Li Jun , Li Zeliang , Li Zhenhua , Liu Xiankui , Bi Jianbin , Zhang Zhe , Kong Chuize
Published: December 2018

Urinary bladder neoplasm is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proven to be an important cause of cancer progression and poor prognosis. In the present study, we established bladder CSCs and identified the crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these cells and parental bladder cancer cells. Analyses of bioinformatics data and clinical samples from local hospitals showed that stearoyl CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD) was the key factor among the DEGs. A significant correlation between SCD gene expression and poor prognosis among patients with bladder cancer was observed in our data. Loss‐of‐function experiments further revealed that the SCD inhibitor A939572 and SCD gene interference reduced cell proliferation and invasion. The above data suggest that SCD may serve as a novel marker for the prediction of tumour progression and poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.
Identification and functional analysis of GCK gene mutations in 12 Chinese families with hyperglycemia
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Diao Chengming , Liu Yijing , Li Mingmin , Zheng Jia , Zhang Qian , Yu Miao , Zhang Huabing , Ping Fan , Li Ming , Xiao Xinhua
Published: December 2018

Aims/Introduction

To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with a phenotype consistent with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 2 and explore the pathogenic mechanism of their hyperglycemia.

Materials and Methods

We studied 12 probands and their extended families referred to our center for screening mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK). Clinical data were collected and genetic analysis was carried out. The recombinant wild‐type and mutant glucokinase were generated in Escherichia coli. The kinetic parameters and thermal stability of the enzymes were determined in vitro.

Results

In the 12 families, 11 GCK mutations (R43C, T168A, K169N, R191W, Y215X, E221K, M235T, R250H, W257X, G261R and A379E) and one variant of uncertain significance (R275H) were identified. R191W was detected in two unrelated families. Of the 11 GCK mutations, three mutations (c.507G>C, K169N; c.645C>A, Y215X; c.771G>A, W257X; NM_000162.3, NP_000153.1) are novel. Basic kinetics analysis explained the pathogenicity of the five mutants (R43C, K169N, R191W, E221K and A379E), which showed reduced enzyme activity with relative activity indexes between ~0.001 and 0.5 compared with the wild‐type (1.0). In addition, the thermal stabilities of these five mutants were also decreased to varying degrees. However, for R250H and R275H, there was no significant difference in the enzyme activity and thermal stability between the mutants and the wild type.

Conclusions

We have identified 11 GCK mutations and one variant of uncertain significance in 12 Chinese families with hyperglycemia. For five GCK mutations (R43C, K169N, R191W, E221K and A379E), the changes in enzyme kinetics and thermostability might be the pathogenic mechanisms by which mutations cause hyperglycemia.
Support for the Spanish version of the CPAQ‐8 as a measure of chronic pain acceptance
Authors: Sánchez‐Rodríguez Elisabet , de la Vega Rocío , Racine Mélanie , Roy Rubén , Jensen Mark P. , Miró Jordi
Published: December 2018

Aim and objective

To provide evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the Spanish eight‐item version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ‐8).

Method

Three hundred adults with chronic pain completed measures of pain acceptance, committed action, fear of movement, anxiety, depression, and health‐related quality of life. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the CPAQ‐8 was performed. Reliability and validity were also evaluated.

Results

The CFA confirmed a two‐factor structure. The CPAQ‐8 Total and subscale scores showed acceptable‐to‐good internal consistency. Furthermore, the Total and the Activity Engagement scale scores showed moderate associations with Committed Action scores, supporting construct validity. Both the Total and the two subscale scores showed good criterion validity.

Conclusion

The findings provide further support for the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the CPAQ‐8 Total and subscale scores.
Nontyphoid Salmonella carriage, serovar profile and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in slaughter cattle
Authors: Cetin Ece , Serbetcioglu Talha , Temelli Seran , Eyigor Aysegul
Published: December 2018

Current nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) carriage in 200 apparently healthy slaughter cattle by ISO 6579 standard bacteriology (ISO) was 1% (2/200) in carcass and fecal content, and 2% (4/200) in mesenterial lymph nodes. There was no isolation from liver, kidney, spleen, and gallbladder, with an overall prevalence of 4% (8/200). Real‐time PCR was in substantial agreement to ISO in confirming Salmonella‐suspect isolates (Relative Trueness: 93.33%). Predominant serovar was S. Enteritidis (50%) followed by S. Typhimurium (37.5%), and S. Albany (12.5%). Five and three of eight NTS isolates were susceptible (62.5%) and resistant (37.5%) to 18 antimicrobials, respectively. Only three S. Enteritidis isolates (37.5%) showed multidrug resistance to 2–3 of 7 antimicrobials (amikacin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and tobramycin). S. Enteritidis predominance over S. Typhimurium, first detection of S. Albany in cattle in Turkey, and sole resistance in mesenterial lymph node S. Enteritidis isolates highlights study findings.

Practical applications

Contaminated carcass and related material, for example, fecal content and mesenterial lymph nodes of apparently healthy slaughter cattle carrying nontyphoid Salmonella serovars still pose significant health risk to public in Turkey, where bovine meat covers the highest annual red meat consumption quota with high demand to edible offal. In this study, current predominance of S. Enteritidis, particularly in mesenterial lymph nodes, and the MDR pattern identified; the presence of S. Typhimurium as the second dominant and pansusceptible serovar; detection of S. Albany for the first time in cattle fecal content are new epidemiological findings. This data could be used in revising both bovine meat and offal's actual NTS status, and the control and prevention programs in our country and in the neighboring countries of interest.
Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows
Authors: Bonelli Francesca , Vezzosi Tommaso , Meylan Mireille , Nocera Irene , Ferrulli Vincenzo , Buralli Carlotta , Meucci Valentina , Tognetti Rosalba
Published: December 2018

Background

There is good diagnostic accuracy of smartphone‐based ECG in the evaluation of heart rate (HR), heart rhythm, and ECG values for humans, horses, dogs, and cats.

Objectives

Assess feasibility and reliability of a smartphone ECG device to evaluate HR expressed as beats per minute and ECG values in cows.

Animals

Fifty‐five healthy Holstein Friesian cows.

Methods

Prospective observational study. A standard base‐apex ECG was acquired for 60 seconds in each cow. A smartphone ECG tracing was recorded simultaneously using a single‐lead bipolar ECG recorder. All ECGs were reviewed by 1 blinded investigator. The following ECG variables were assessed: HR, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval (milliseconds), P wave, and QRS complex polarity. Agreement between standard and smartphone ECG was evaluated by Cohen'sktest and the Bland‐Altman test.

Results

Smartphone ECG tracings were interpretable in 89% of the recordings. Minimal differences of no clinical relevance were found between standard and smartphone ECG tracings regarding HR and duration of ECG waves and interval. Good agreement found in the evaluation of QRS complex polarity (85%) but not for P wave polarity (k= 0.006). Artifacts were rare but of significantly higher frequency in smartphone ECG compared to standard ECG tracings (22% versus 0%;P= .005).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Good quality single‐lead ECG tracings can be recorded by smartphone device in healthy cows. Smartphone tracings are reliable for evaluation of HR and selective ECG variables. Smartphone ECG can represent an additional tool for ECG screening in cows.
A pilot study on nutrients, antimicrobial proteins, and bacteria in commerce‐free models for exchanging expressed human milk in the USA
Authors: Perrin Maryanne T. , Fogleman April D. , Davis Destiny D. , Wimer Courtney H. , Vogel Kenneth G. , Palmquist Aunchalee E.L.
Published: December 2018

Expressed human milk can be donated or sold through a variety of channels, including human milk banks, corporations or individuals, or peer‐to‐peer milk sharing. There is a paucity of research regarding the nutrient and bioactive profiles of expressed human milk exchanged through commerce‐free scenarios, including peer‐to‐peer milk sharing. The study objective was to evaluate the macronutrient, antimicrobial protein, and bacteria composition in expressed human milk acquired via commerce‐free arrangements. Expressed human milk samples were collected from the following commerce‐free scenarios: milk expressed for a mother's or parent's own infant (MOM; N = 30); unpasteurized milk donated to a non‐profit milk bank (BANKED; N = 30); milk expressed for peer‐to‐peer milk sharing (SHARED; N = 31); and health professional‐facilitated milk sharing where donors are serologically screened and milk is dispensed raw (SCREENED; N = 30). Analyses were conducted for total protein, lactose, percent fat and water, lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin A (IgA) activity, total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and Staphylococcus aureus. No bacterial growth was observed in 52/121 samples, and 15/121 had growth greater than 5.0 log colony‐forming units/mL. There was no evidence of differences by groups (p > .05) in lactose, fat, water, lysozyme activity, sIgA activity, aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus. Mean protein values (95% confidence interval) were 1.5 g/dL (1.4, 1.6) for BANKED, 1.4 g/dL (1.3, 1.5) for MOM, 1.6 g/dL (1.5, 1.7) for SCREENED, and 1.5 g/dL (1.4, 1.6) for SHARED, which was not significantly different (p = .081). This research contributes to growing literature on the risks and benefits of uncompensated, peer‐to‐peer milk sharing.
Awareness and prevalence of human milk sharing and selling in the United States
Authors: O'Sullivan Elizabeth J. , Geraghty Sheela R. , Rasmussen Kathleen M.
Published: December 2018

There are limited data available about the prevalence of human milk (HM) sharing and selling in the general population. We aimed to describe attitudes toward HM selling among participants in a qualitative‐interview study and prevalence of HM sharing and selling among a national sample of U.S. mothers. Mothers (n = 41) in our qualitative‐interview study felt that sharing or donating HM was more common than selling; none had ever purchased or sold HM. Three themes related to HM selling emerged from this work: questioning the motives of those selling HM, HM selling limits access to HM to those with money, and HM selling is a legitimate way to make money. Some mothers had reservations about treating HM as a commodity and the intentions of those who profit from the sale of HM. Nearly all participants in our national survey of U.S. mothers (94%, n = 429) had heard of infants consuming another mother's HM. Approximately 12% had provided their milk to another; half provided it to someone they knew. Fewer mothers (6.8%) reported that their infant had consumed another mother's HM; most received this HM from someone they knew. A smaller proportion of respondents (1.3%) had ever purchased or sold HM. Among a national sample of U.S. mothers, purchasing and selling HM was less common than freely sharing HM. Together, these data highlight that HM sharing is not uncommon in the United States. Research is required to create guidelines for families considering HM sharing.
Prioritising allocation of donor human breast milk amongst very low birthweight infants in middle‐income countries
Authors: Taylor Celia , Joolay Yaseen , Buckle Abigail , Lilford Richard
Published: December 2018

The use of donor human breast milk instead of formula reduces the risk of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants when their mother's own milk is insufficient. Use of donor milk is limited by the cost of establishing a milk bank and a lack of donors, but the optimal rationing of limited donor milk is unclear. This paper uses an economic model to explore how a limited donor milk supply should be allocated across very low birthweight infants in South Africa considering 2 outcomes: maximising lives saved and minimising costs. We developed a probabilistic cohort Markov decision model with 10,000 infants across 4 birthweight groups. We evaluated allocation scenarios in which infants in each group could be exclusively formula‐fed or fed donor milk for 14 or 28 days and thereafter formula until death or discharge. Prioritising infants in the lowest birthweight groups would save the most lives, whereas prioritising infants in the highest birthweight groups would result in the highest cost savings. All allocation scenarios would be considered very cost‐effective in South Africa compared to the use of formula; the “worst case” was $619 per Disability Adjusted Life Year averted. There is a compelling argument to increase the supply of donor milk in middle‐income countries. Our analysis could be extended by taking a longer term perspective, using data from more than one country and exploring the use of donor milk as an adjunct to mother's own milk, rather than a pure substitute for it.
A case of functional neck extension myoclonus with clear effect of distraction
Authors: Inoue Manabu , Morihata Hirokazu , Matoba Shun , Shibasaki Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

We report a 46‐year‐old man who presented repetitive jerky extension movements of the neck in lying position over a period of 10 years. His coexisting diseases included alcoholism and depression. Neurologically, there were repetitive, shock‐like, neck extension movements in the supine or recumbent position, which disappeared in the prone or sitting position. The jerks were not seen during sleep. There was a clear effect of distraction on the jerks, suggesting a psychogenic disorder.
Female carrier with DMD mutation manifesting only asymptomatic hyperCKemia and psychiatric problems
Authors: Kaido Misako , Yuasa Yoshihito
Published: December 2018

We report the case of a 64‐year‐old woman with dystrophinopathy exhibiting asymptomatic hyperCKemia and psychiatric symptoms only. Since adolescence, she had experienced communication difficulties and anxiety neurosis, which kept her unemployed and once led her to attempt suicide. Her full intelligence quotient was 89, with relatively low scores in processing speed and working memory, because of attention/concentration deficit or obsession. She has a nephew with severe dystrophinopathy, and both of them had duplication of exon 44 of the DMD gene, encoding dystrophin. Her mother became wheelchair user at age 60, and was suspected to have some psychiatric problems since she neglected her own ailing child. The cognitive and mental states of women with dystrophinopathy should be paid more attention to since such problems may manifest due to dystrophin deficit.
Multi‐modal combination therapy rescued a frequent ischemic stroke patient due to giant cell arteritis
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiaki , Sato Kota , Matsumoto Namiko , Kawahara Yuko , Yunoki Taijun , Shang Jingwei , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji
Published: December 2018

Ischemic stroke (IS) due to giant cell arteritis (GCA) is rare, but highly mortal. Here, we report a 72‐year‐old man who showed frequent IS with GCA. Initial therapy with prednisolone increased the frequency of IS, which disappeared after continuous multi‐modal combination therapy with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antiplatelets, and statin. The present case was discharged with independent walk, suggesting that a multi‐modal combination therapy rescued the GCA patient from frequent IS.
Clinical characteristics of patients with myasthenia gravis accompanied by psychiatric disorders
Authors: Yamamoto Asami , Kimura Takashi , Watanabe Shohei , Yoshikawa Hiroo
Published: December 2018

Background

Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) often suffer from psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorder and depression. These psychiatric disorders may affect the treatment of MG.

Aim

This study aimed to closely examine psychiatric disorders in MG patients and identify influential factors.

Methods

We retrospectively surveyed 103 MG patients regarding clinical characteristics, and development and exacerbation of psychiatric disorders. In addition, we compared comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with myositis, which is also treated with steroids, and patients with MG.

Results

Of the 103 MG patients, 24 had psychiatric disorders. This included 10 patients with depression, six with anxiety disorder, three with paranoia, two with delirium, one with somatoform disorder, one with schizophrenia, and one with personality disorder. We found that psychiatric disorders were associated with disease state of MG in 12 of the 24 patients. Based on our analysis, psychiatric symptoms were not associated with oral steroid doses. Furthermore, in patients with myositis, which is treated with steroids for a long period of time similar to MG, the incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders tended to be lower.

Conclusion

These results suggest that psychiatric disorders in patients with MG are associated with the disease state of MG rather than oral steroid doses. The development or exacerbation of psychiatric disorders may interfere with the treatment of MG; therefore, attention should be paid to the onset of psychiatric disorders, which should be treated appropriately as soon as possible.
Paclitaxel Induce Apoptosis of Giant Cells Tumor of Bone via TP53INP1 Signaling
Authors: Xiao Wei‐Yuan , Zong Zhen , Qiu Man‐Le , Chen Xiu‐Yuan , Shen Hong‐Xing , Lao Li‐Feng
Published: December 2018

Objective

To evaluate the antitumor capability and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of paclitaxel.

Methods

First, cck‐8 and apoptosis assays were used to determine survival and apoptotic effects of HS 737.T cells under treatment of paclitaxel. Next, RNA‐seq and bioinformatics were used to determine the differentially expressed genes and to analyze the pathway involved. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the accuracy of some differentially expressed genes (DEG). ClueGO was used to decode and visualize functionally grouped GO terms of differentially expressed genes, and to map the DEG protein–protein interactions (PPI) network. Western blotting was used to check the expression of target genes, the cleavage of Caspase‐3 and PARP1, and the phosphorylation level of p53. Finally, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and RNAi were used to estimate the antitumor capability and to identify the underlying mechanisms of paclitaxel in GCTB.

Results

Our data revealed that paclitaxel had significant time‐dependent effects on the viability and induced apoptosis of HS 737.T cells. RNA‐seq and bioinformatics analysis showed that apoptosis, death receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and TP53 regulated transcription of cell death genes pathway were closely associated with paclitaxel in the treatment of GCTB. Western bolt results revealed that paclitaxel induced cleavage of Caspase‐3 and PARP1, and increased the phosphorylation level of p53 in HS 737.T cells. RNAi results showed that the expression level of TP53INP1 was significantly decreased in HS737.T cells (the decrease was more than 70%). In addition, we found that the inhibitory ratios of paclitaxel on HS737.T cells deficient in TP53INP1 were less than in HS737.T cells with empty vector (19.88 and 40.60%, respectively). Hence, our data revealed that TP53INP1 regulated paclitaxel‐driven apoptosis in HS737.T cells.

Conclusion

Paclitaxel can significantly repress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of HS 737.T cells through activating Caspase‐3, PARP1, p53, and TP53INP1. Paclitaxel may be an effective drug in the management of GCTB.
Tetralogy of Fallot: Everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask
Authors: Wise‐Faberowski Lisa , Asija Ritu , McElhinney Doff B.
Published: December 2018

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has four anatomic features: right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), ventriculoseptal defect (VSD), overriding aorta and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOT) with an occurrence of 3.9 /10,000 births. The pathophysiologic effects in TOF are largely determined by the degree of RVOT and not the VSD. Intra‐operative anesthetic management is also dependent on the degree of RVOT obstruction and influenced by the extent of surgical RVOT repair.
Public health nurses’ activities at a time of specialization in nursing—A national study
Authors: Haron Yafa , Honovich Mriam , Rahmani Sarit , Madjar Batia , Shahar Liora , Feder‐Bubis Paula
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To provide a detailed, up‐to‐date account of the job description and practice areas of current public health nurses.

Design and Sample

A cross‐sectional study. A sample of 824 public health nurses, 80% of public health nurses in Israel, participated in a national structured survey.

Measures

A structured questionnaire eliciting self‐reported public health nursing activities, priorities, perceived deficiencies, and job satisfaction was compiled.

Results

Nearly 70% of surveyed public health nurses provided individual‐level interventions and less population‐health‐focused activities such as community needs assessments and development and implementation of community‐based projects.

Conclusions

Advanced training should be required in several areas of practice and the scope of public health nurses’ practice should be expanded, with greater emphasis on population health.
Evaluation of a portable device for assessment of motility in stallion semen
Authors: Buss Tammo , Aurich Jörg , Aurich Christine
Published: December 2018

Contents

In horse breeding, quality assessment of semen before insemination is often requested. Non‐laboratory‐based techniques for objective analysis of sperm motility are thus of interest. The aim of this study was evaluating a portable device for semen analysis (Ongo sperm test) and its comparison with computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA). Semen was collected from 10 stallions, diluted to 100, 50 and 25 × 106 sperm/ml and analysed for total (TM) and progressive motility (PM). The final sperm concentration influenced total motility analysed by Ongo (p < 0.05) which was higher at 100 × 106 sperm/ml when compared to 25 × 106 sperm/ml (p < 0.05) but not when compared to 50 × 106 sperm/ml (n.s.). Sperm concentration did not influence total motility when assessed by SpermVision (n.s.). Agreement between methods was evaluated by correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plot. Intra‐assay variation of Ongo was 5.2% ± 3.0 for TM and 6.9% ± 3.4 for PM. Correlation between Ongo and CASA was r = 0.79, 0.88 and 0.83 for 100, 50 and 25 × 106 sperm/ml for TM, and r = 0.87, 0.89 and 0.87 for PM, respectively (all p < 0.001). At the 100 and 25 mio/ml dilutions, the difference between the two systems deviated significantly from 0, while no such bias existed at the 50 mio/ml dilution (TM Ongo 85.0%, CASA 82.3%; PM Ongo 64.1%, CASA 66.1%). The 95% confidence interval was 19.9%, 18.9% and 19.2% ± mean for TM and 20.7%, 17.4% and 20.3% ± mean for 100, 50 and 25 × 106 sperm/ml, respectively. In conclusion, Ongo sperm test sperm motility data were strongly correlated with data obtained by CASA. In addition, at a concentration of 50 × 106 sperm/ml values measured with both systems were close to identical. At this concentration, which is recommended in equine AI, Ongo and CASA can be used interchangeably.
Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Significance of Datangpo‐Type Manganese Ore Deposits during the Cryogenian Period
Authors: Xiao Jiafei , He Jingyang , Yang Haiying , Wu Chengquan , Xu Jianbin , Li Yantao
Published: December 2018

The Datangpo‐type manganese ore deposits, which formed during the Nanhuan (Cryogenian) period and are located in northeastern Guizhou and adjacent areas, are one of the most important manganese resources in China, showing good prospecting potential. Many middle‐to‐large deposits, and even super‐large mineral deposits, have been discovered. However, the genesis of manganese ore deposits is still controversial and remains a long‐standing source of debate; there are several viewpoints including biogenesis, hydrothermal sedimentation, gravity flows, cold‐spring carbonates, etc. Geochemical data from several manganese ore deposits show that there are positive correlations between Al2O3 and TiO2, SiO2, K2O, and Na2O, and strong negative correlations between Al2O3 and CaO, MgO, and MnO in black shales and manganese ores. U, Mo, and V show distinct enrichment in black shales and inconspicuous enrichment in Mn ores. Ba and Rb show strong positive correlations with K2O in manganese ores. Cu, Ni, and Zn show clear correlations with total iron in both manganese ores and black shales. ∑REE of manganese ores has a large range with evident positive Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies. The Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of manganese ores present pronounced middle rare earth element (MREE) enrichment, producing “hat‐shaped” REE plots. ∑REE of black shales is more variable compared with PAAS, and the PAAS‐normalized REE distribution patterns appear as “flat‐shaped” REE plots, lacking evident anomaly characteristics. δ13C values of carbonate in both manganese ores and the black shales show observable negative excursions. The comprehensive analysis suggests that the black shales formed in a reducing and quiet water column, while the manganese ores formed in oxic muddy seawater, which resulted from periodic transgressions. There was an oxidation–reduction cycle of manganese between the top water body and the bottom water body caused by the transgressions during the early Datangpo, which resulted in the dissolution of manganese. Through the exchange of the euphotic zone water and the bottom water, and episodic inflow of oxygenated water, the manganese in the bottom water was oxidized to Mn‐oxyhydroxides and rapidly buried along with algae. In the early diagenetic stage, Mn‐oxyhydroxides were reduced and dissolved in the anoxic pore water and then transformed into Mn‐carbonates by reacting with HCO3− from the degradation of organic matter or from seawater. In the intervals between transgressions, continuous supplies of terrigenous clastics and the high productive rates of organic matter in the euphotic zone resulted in the deposition of the black shales enriched in organic matter.
Bayesian estimation of the efficient frontier
Authors: Bauder David , Bodnar Rostyslav , Bodnar Taras , Schmid Wolfgang
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we consider the estimation of the three determining parameters of the efficient frontier, the expected return, and the variance of the global minimum variance portfolio and the slope parameter, from a Bayesian perspective. Their posterior distribution is derived by assigning the diffuse and the conjugate priors to the mean vector and the covariance matrix of the asset returns and is presented in terms of a stochastic representation. Furthermore, Bayesian estimates together with the standard uncertainties for all three parameters are provided, and their asymptotic distributions are established. All obtained findings are applied to real data, consisting of the returns on assets included into the S&P 500. The empirical properties of the efficient frontier are then examined in detail.
Gender, work, and childcare in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia
Authors: Dugarova Esuna
Published: December 2018

The current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies.
A whole genome approach for discovering the genetic basis of blood group antigens: independent confirmation for P1 and Xga
Authors: Lane William J. , Aguad Maria , Smeland‐Wagman Robin , Vege Sunitha , Mah Helen H. , Joseph Abigail , Blout Carrie L. , Nguyen Tiffany T. , Lebo Matthew S. , Sidhu Manpreet , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Kaufman Richard M. , Green Robert C. , Westhoff Connie M. ,   for the MedSeq Project
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Although P1 and Xga are known to be associated with the A4GALT and XG genes, respectively, the genetic basis of antigen expression has been elusive. Recent reports link both P1 and Xga expression with nucleotide changes in the promotor regions and with antigen‐negative phenotypes due to disruption of transcription factor binding.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Whole genome sequencing was performed on 113 individuals as part of the MedSeq Project with serologic RBC antigen typing for P1 (n = 77) and Xga (n = 15). Genomic data were analyzed by two approaches, nucleotide frequency correlation and serologic correlation, to find A4GALT and XG changes associated with P1 and Xga expression.

RESULTS

For P1, the frequency approach identified 29 possible associated nucleotide changes, and the serologic approach revealed four among them correlating with the P1+/P1– phenotype: chr22:43,115,523_43,115,520AAAG/delAAAG (rs66781836); chr 22:43,114,551C/T (rs8138197); chr22:43,114,020 T/G (rs2143918); and chr22:43,113,793G/T (rs5751348). For Xga, the frequency approach identified 82 possible associated nucleotide changes, and among these the serologic approach revealed one correlating with the Xg(a+)/Xg(a–) phenotype: chrX:2,666,384G/C (rs311103).

CONCLUSION

A bioinformatics analysis pipeline was created to identify genetic changes responsible for RBC antigen expression. This study, in progress before the recently published reports, independently confirms the basis for P1 and Xga. Although this enabled molecular typing of these antigens, the Y chromosome PAR1 region interfered with Xga typing in males. This approach could be used to identify and confirm the genetic basis of antigens, potentially replacing the historical approach using family pedigrees as genomic sequencing becomes commonplace.
Massive transfusion of low‐titer cold‐stored O‐positive whole blood in a civilian trauma setting
Authors: Condron Mary , Scanlan Mick , Schreiber Martin
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Based on the improved outcomes achieved with fresh whole blood in cases of military trauma as well as with 1:1:1 transfusion strategies for massive traumatic hemorrhage in civilian settings, there has been resurgent interest in using whole blood for civilian trauma patients. There have been reports of giving up to 4 units of low‐titer cold‐stored O‐positive to these patients. This is the first modern report of a massive transfusion with unrestricted low‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) use in a civilian trauma patient.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

This is a case report describing the resuscitation and massive transfusion of LTOWB of a 69‐year‐old man struck by an automobile.

RESULTS

While working to achieve hemorrhage control, the patient received 38 units of LTOWB, 13 units of RBCs, 12 units of fresh frozen plasma, 2 packs of platelets, and 2 units of cryoprecipitate. No evidence of hemolytic reaction was observed. The patient was O positive. Monitoring by thrombelastography revealed adequate clot initiation and propagation, but decreased clot strength (49.6 and 50.2) and a drop in fibrinogen (from 207 to 141) during the resuscitation.

CONCLUSION

This is the first report of a massive transfusion for civilian trauma based on cold‐stored whole blood in the recent era. While this patient suffered a tremendous burden of traumatic injury and his recovery is not yet complete, his LTOWB resuscitation was successful. Frequent monitoring of coagulation status with thrombelastography during utilization of LTOWB is indicated because the efficacy of its components (particularly platelets) is not yet fully understood.
Sleep‐disordered breathing in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: A case series
Authors: Hinchliffe Tom A. , Liu Nai‐Chieh , Ladlow Jane
Published: December 2018

Objective

To describe sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS).

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Five client‐owned dogs referred for SDB.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed including recheck appointments and routine preoperative and postoperative questionnaires. Whole‐body barometric plethysmography was used to categorize SDB.

Results

All dogs presented with multiple episodes of stertorous breathing, choking, and apnea during sleep. Severe nasal septal deviation, aberrant nasal turbinates, and soft palate elongation and thickening were noted on computed tomography and rhinoscopy of each dog. Whole‐body barometric plethysmography measurements during sleep (in 3 dogs) documented periods of choking, snoring, and apnea. Treatment combined laser turbinectomy, folding flap palatoplasty, tonsillectomy, laryngeal sacculectomy, and cuneiform process resection. All dogs improved in terms of incidence and severity of sleep apnea within 1 week, with 4 of 5 dogs achieving complete resolution.

Conclusion

The objective measurements used to characterize SDB in this population of CKCS provided some evidence to support an obstructive cause for this condition, which improved with surgical treatment.

Clinical significance

Sleep‐disordered breathing in the CKCS is a different clinical presentation of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Our finding of intranasal abnormalities in these 5 dogs with SDB provides justification for future research into its clinical significance.
Bayesian acoustic analysis of multilayer porous media
Authors: Fackler Cameron J. , Xiang Ning , Horoshenkov Kirill V.
Published: December 2018

In many acoustical applications, porous materials may be stratified or physically anisotropic along their depth direction. In order to better understand the sound absorbing mechanisms of these porous media, the depth-dependent anisotropy can be approximated as a multilayer combination of finite-thickness porous materials with each layer being considered as isotropic. The uniqueness of this work is that it applies Bayesian probabilistic inference to determine the number of constituent layers in a multilayer porous specimen and macroscopic properties of their pores. This is achieved through measurement of the acoustic surface impedance and subsequent transfer-matrix analysis based on a valid theoretical model for the acoustical properties of porous media. The number of layers considered in the transfer-matrix analysis is varied, and Bayesian model selection is applied to identify individual layers present in the porous specimen and infer the parameters of their microstructure. Nested sampling is employed in this process to solve the computationally intensive inversion problem.
An acoustic camera approach to studying nasality in speech: The case of Polish nasalized vowels
Authors: Lorenc Anita , Król Daniel , Klessa Katarzyna
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research is to introduce an acoustic camera method to analyze nasality in speech. The input information is generated using an acoustic camera device composed of a 16-channel audio recorder with a microphone array, a high-speed video camera, and Carstens articulograph (model AG500). The linearly constrained minimum variance algorithm is used to provide illustrations of the spatial acoustic field distribution. Acoustic pressure distribution is determined as related to the location of oral, nasal, and oronasal resonances, as well as the root mean square value of the pressure. Durations of particular types of resonances activated in the course of speech sound production are also specified. An example application of the method is discussed for Polish nasalized vowels. The internal structure of the vowels is heterogeneous and involves alternate or simultaneous activation of oral and nasal resonances. The order of appearance of these resonances and their percentage share in the realization of the vowels is determined based on the spatial distribution of the acoustic field. The vowels' structure is demonstrated to be even more complex than suggested in former studies. Furthermore, the proportion of nasality is found to vary significantly between the vowels [ɛw̃] and [ɔw̃].
Paediatric postdischarge mortality in developing countries: a systematic review
Authors: Nemetchek Brooklyn , English Lacey , Kissoon Niranjan , Ansermino John Mark , Moschovis Peter P , Kabakyenga Jerome , Fowler-Kerry Susan , Kumbakumba Elias , Wiens Matthew O
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To update the current evidence base on paediatric postdischarge mortality (PDM) in developing countries. Secondary objectives included an evaluation of risk factors, timing and location of PDM.

Design

Systematic literature review without meta-analysis.

Data sources

Searches of Medline and EMBASE were conducted from October 2012 to July 2017.

Eligibility criteria

Studies were included if they were conducted in developing countries and examined paediatric PDM. 1238 articles were screened, yielding 11 eligible studies. These were added to 13 studies identified in a previous systematic review including studies prior to October 2012. In total, 24 studies were included for analysis.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted and synthesised data using Microsoft Excel.

Results

Studies were conducted mostly within African countries (19 of 24) and looked at all admissions or specific subsets of admissions. The primary subpopulations included malnutrition, respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and anaemia. The anaemia and malaria subpopulations had the lowest PDM rates (typically 1%–2%), while those with malnutrition and respiratory infections had the highest (typically 3%–20%). Although there was significant heterogeneity between study populations and follow-up periods, studies consistently found rates of PDM to be similar, or to exceed, in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, over two-thirds of deaths after discharge occurred at home. Highly significant risk factors for PDM across all infectious admissions included HIV status, young age, pneumonia, malnutrition, anthropometric variables, hypoxia, anaemia, leaving hospital against medical advice and previous hospitalisations.

Conclusions

Postdischarge mortality rates are often as high as in-hospital mortality, yet remain largely unaddressed. Most children who die following discharge do so at home, suggesting that interventions applied prior to discharge are ideal to addressing this neglected cause of mortality. The development, therefore, of evidence-based, risk-guided, interventions must be a focus to achieve the sustainable development goals.
Hypertension and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vetrano Davide L , Palmer Katie M , Galluzzo Lucia , Giampaoli Simona , Marengoni Alessandra , Bernabei Roberto , Onder Graziano
Published: December 2018

Objective

To review the association between hypertension and frailty in observational studies.

Design

A systematic review of the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases was performed. A meta-analysis was performed if at least three studies used the same definition of frailty and a dichotomous definition of hypertension.

Setting, participants and measures

Studies providing information on the association between frailty and hypertension in adult persons, regardless of the study setting, study design or definition of hypertension and frailty were included.

Results

Among the initial 964 articles identified, 27 were included in the review. Four longitudinal studies examined the incidence of frailty according to baseline hypertension status, providing conflicting results. Twenty-three studies assessed the cross-sectional association between frailty and hypertension: 13 of them reported a significantly higher prevalence of frailty in hypertensive participants and 10 found no significant association. The pooled prevalence of hypertension in frail individuals was 72% (95% CI 66% to 79%) and the pooled prevalence of frailty in individuals with hypertension was 14% (95% CI 12% to 17%). Five studies, including a total of 7656 participants, reported estimates for the association between frailty and hypertension (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.89).

Conclusions

Frailty is common in persons with hypertension. Given the possible influence of frailty on the risk–benefit ratio of treatment for hypertension and its high prevalence, it is important to assess the presence of this condition in persons with hypertension.

Trial registration number

CRD42017058303.