bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of work-related stressors and their changes over time with the development of metabolic syndrome: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study
Authors: Yamaguchi Miwa , Eguchi Masafumi , Akter Shamima , Kochi Takeshi , Hu Huanhuan , Kashino Ikuko , Kuwahara Keisuke , Kabe Isamu , Mizoue Tetsuya
Published: September 2018

Objective

To investigate associations of work-related stressors and their changes over time with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Japanese manufacturing workers.

Methods

Participants were 1,040 employees aged 19 to 68 years who were free from MetS at baseline and completed the three year-interval follow-up survey. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement. Work-related stressors (job strain, job demands, job control, and worksite social support) were assessed based on the Job Content Questionnaire and were split into two categories (low and high) by the median value at each survey. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations of baseline work-related stressors and their changes over time with the incidence of MetS.

Results

Three years later, 61 workers developed MetS. Higher job demands at baseline were significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS (adjusted odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidential interval: 0.24, 0.89). In the analyses of the changes in stressors over time, those whose job demands changed from low to high showed significantly higher risk of MetS (adjusted odds ratio 3.27, 95% confidential interval: 1.46, 7.34), compared with those who reported low job demands in both surveys.

Conclusions

Results suggest that an increase in job demands over time, but not higher job demands at baseline, is associated with increased risk of MetS.
Kilis Kentsel Sit Alanında Kullanıcı Odaklı Mekânsal Algı Belirlemeleri
Authors: Taşçıoğlu Saliha , Altunkasa M.Faruk
Published: September 2018

Algı insanların duyular yoluyla çevreden edindiği
izlenimleri bilgiye dönüştürmesidir. Mekân ise insanlar tarafından inşa edilmiş
bir çevrenin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca kesin sınırlarla tanımlanmamış,
geçmiş deneyim ve birikimler doğrultusunda gelişen en önemli unsurdur. Bu
izlenimler doğrultusunda kullanıcılar tarafından bir değer ve anlam yüklenen
mekânlar daha kolay algılanabilmektedir. Bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde
Mekânsal algılama kavramı duyumla başlayıp algıya ve anlam yüklemeye uzanan bir
süreç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çalışma Kilis Kentsel Sit Alanında yer alan
Kentsel Kimlik Öğelerinin mekânsal algılamalarının kullanıcı araştırması ile
ortaya konulması amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, katılımcılardan fotoğraflar aracılığıyla
belirlenen Kentsel Kimlik Öğelerini belirlemeleri istenmiş ve bu öğelerin
algılanma oranları tespit edilmiştir. Kullanıcı araştırmaları ile Kentsel
Kimlik Öğelerinin belirlenmesini sağlayan özellikleri tespit etmeye çalışırken,
açık uçlu sorular ile de kullanıcıların kent içerisinde belirgin buldukları
noktaları belirtmeleri istenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda Meydan öğesinin en yüksek
algı oranına sahip Kentsel Kimlik Öğesi olduğu görülmüştür.
BİR KAVRAM VE BİR SANAT DALI OLARAK “SANATÇI KİTABI” ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Gümüştekin Nuray
Published: September 2018

Bu makale, hayatımızın içerisinde sıradan bir
nesne gibi görünen ancak biçim ve içeriği yönünden çok anlamlı bir yere sahip
olabilen kitabın, aynı zamanda bir sanat dalı ve bir sanat formu olarak varoluş
sürecine odaklanmaktadır. “Sanatçı Kitabı” üzerine yapılan bu çalışmada “kitap”
ve “sanatçı kitabı” kavramları arasındaki ayrım belirlenmeye çalışılmış,
tarihsel süreçte farklı sanatçıların tasarımları incelenerek “sanatçı kitabı”
üzerine bir farkındalık oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Konu ile ilgili
araştırma sürecinde, batı ülkelerinde “sanatçı kitabı” üzerine koleksiyon ve
arşivlerin olduğu, uluslar arası “sanatçı kitabı” merkezlerinin, satış
mağazalarının ve galerilerinin bulunduğu, “sanatçı kitabı” fuarlarının ve
çeşitli organizasyonların düzenlendiği, “sanatçı kitabı” üzerine yayınların
olduğu, çağdaş kitap sanatları sergilerinin düzenlendiği ve katalogların
hazırlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bir ön araştırma olarak nitelendirilebilecek bu çalışma,
konu ile ilgili bundan sonraki araştırmalara ışık tutarak, ülkemizde “sanatçı
kitabı” üzerine odaklanmayı artırıcı, yapılan çalışmaların daha görünür ve
kalıcı kılınması yönünde bir adım niteliği taşıma gayretindedir.
Novel measurement and verification of irrigation pumping energy conservation measures under incentive-based programmes
Authors: Storm M.E. , Gouws R. , Grobler L.J.
Published: September 2018

In most countries the agricultural sector, especially crop irrigation, is a considerable energy consumer. Farm irrigation studies in South Africa showed that energy and water is wasted on a large scale and there is a large potential for improving efficiency. The present study focusses on the measurement and verification (M&V) of irrigation pumping energy conservation measures (ECMs) under the Eskom Standard Product Programme funding mechanism in South Africa. A novel M&V methodology was developed to quantify ECM impacts under the Programme, which has special conditions and unique M&V requirements, which makes normal approaches inapplicable. Methods were designed to effectively determine conservative but representative impacts without continuous power demand profile measurement. The design involved unique methods to quantify operational demand reduction, annual energy consumption and annual average demand reduction impacts. The design was broadened to include pumps irrigating multiple crop areas and different kind of crops. The methodologies and techniques developed were validated and verified through establishing independent cross-check measures. The paper discusses a regional top-down M&V approach to verify the actual total energy efficiency and load reduction on the electricity grid for a specific region.
Road transport vehicles in South Africa towards 2050: Factors influencing technology choice and implications for fuel supply
Authors: Ahjum Fadiel , Merven Bruno , Stone Adrian , Caetano Tara
Published: September 2018

The South African transport sector is estimated to emit 60 MtCO2eq and require 800 PJ of energy, similar in scale to industrial energy demand and emissions. The sector is forecast to potentially eclipse industry in this regard if conventional vehicle choices and travel modes persist. This paper explores scenarios of transport technology choices and demand in a future of uncertain fuel and technology costs, and the consequences for energy supply and greenhouse gas emissions. It explores the extent of electric vehicle (EV) adoption and the implication of fuel migration from petroleum products. The preference for alternative fuels such as hydrogen, liquid biofuels and natural gas is also investigated. The evolution of road transport in South Africa towards 2050 is investigated utilising the South African TIMES model, a full energy sector least-cost optimisation model that relies on a rich technological database of the entire energy supply and demand system. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are shown to be a viable option in freight and public transport, potentially meeting 70% of travel demand by 2045. The private passenger and light commercial sectors emerge as the main market for electric vehicles, potentially accounting for 80% of new vehicle sales by 2045. Electricity as a transport fuel could account for 30% of fuel supply and reduce transport emissions to half of present day estimates. However, the key uncertainty driving EV adoption is future vehicle costs and crude oil prices, which could dampen EV uptake. Another main finding is that petroleum-dependent vehicles remain an important vehicle class, and that re-investment in existing crude oil refineries to conform to Euro5 standards is a likely requirement. There seems to be little indication, however, that additional refining capacity would be economically viable within the planning horizon.
UMA ANÁLISE DA LINGUAGEM NO REFERENCIAL CURRICULAR PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA TEORIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL
Authors: Molina Adão Aparecido , Lara Angela Mara de Barros
Published: September 2018

Este texto discute o Referencial Curricular para a Educação Infantil no contexto das Políticas Educacionais da década de 1990, no Brasil. O objetivo é analisar o conteúdo de linguagem proposto como trabalho didático para crianças de 4 a 6 anos. A apropriação da teoria de Vygotsky pelas políticas neoliberais e sua incorporação às propostas educacionais atuais têm sido motivo de muitas reflexões, pois na década de 1990 a educação e a infância passaram a ser foco das atenções dos governantes e das políticas públicas. Para esclarecer as contradições presentes no processo de produção material da vida humana, desse período, apresentamos as categorias históricas de Marx que fundamentam a concepção materialista da história e de Vygotsky, que utilizou a mesma metodologia para criar a teoria histórico-cultural da psique humana. Fundamentamos a linguagem nessa teoria e analisamos a concepção de linguagem proposta no Referencial. A análise mostrou que existe uma utilização de parte das ideias de Vygotsky; entretanto, sua teoria é desconsiderada. Ele é visto como um autor construtivista. Essa apropriação de parte de suas ideias caracteriza uma ressignificação de conteúdos e uma utilização ideológica de sua teoria. A análise apontou, ainda, na proposta didática com a linguagem falada e escrita, no Referencial, uma aproximação com os conteúdos trabalhados em séries mais avançadas do ensino fundamental.
LETRAMENTO E ORALIDADE EM UMA TURMA DE PRÉ-ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL DO CAMPO
Authors: Bueno Letícia de Aguar , Nogueira Gabriela Medeiros
Published: September 2018

Neste trabalho apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em 2014, sobre práticas de letramento em uma turma de pré-escola, de uma escola do campo em Rio Grande/RS. Discutimos dados sobre práticas orais e escritas observadas em momentos de interação entre as crianças e a professora, e nas atividades realizadas na rodinha. As análises seguiram os pressupostos teóricos de Street (2003), Soares (2003), Baptista (2010), Kleiman (1995) e Marcuschi (2010). Os dados da pesquisa indicaram que a recorrência das atividades resultaram em padrões de interação para o grupo de dois modos distintos. No primeiro, e mais recorrente, a professora deteve o conhecimento direcionando o diálogo, sendo as crianças ouvintes. O segundo modo, emergiu da realidade das crianças, passando elas a conduzirem o diálogo, tornando-se assim, protagonistas da situação. Isso demonstra que as estratégias orais são modificadas a partir das condições de uso da escrita nos diferentes contextos.
ESCOLA EXPANDIDA: POR UMA JUSTIÇA COGNITIVA DIGITAL E PERSPECTIVAS PARA “OUTROS SUJEITOS”
Authors: Hardagh Claudia Coelho
Published: September 2018

O contexto da sociedade pós-moderna tendo como foco a educação formal e as relações entre escola e “outros sujeitos” tais como, refugiados e imigrantes que estão nas escolas são aqui apresentados como nossos sujeitos pesquisa. Vamos analisar essa realidade trazendo autores como Arroyo, Santos, Bourdieu e Di Felice para propor a Escola Expandida como rede colaborativa digital para a ecologização da escola: currículo, pedagogias, expansão e hibridização dos espaços e das linguagens.Não temos a pretensão de fechar com propostas e modelos prontos, pois são questões novas de uma sociedade líquida em constante metamorfose e que tem que pensar como uma escola com características semelhantes ou coerentes à pós-modernidade e com perspectivas de entender e criar vínculos com essas crianças e jovens.Palavras chave: Escola expandida, ecologia dos saberes, redes colaborativas, refugiados.
NA FLUIDEZ DO CORPO UM ENCONTRO PELA DOCÊNCIA
Authors: Dos Santos Camila Borges , Alberton Josicler , De Oliveira Valeska Fortes
Published: September 2018

Este artigo é um trabalho conjunto, escrito por duas docentes, uma do teatro e outra da arquitetura, com a participação da orientadora comum as duas, que se encontraram para falar do corpo como potência para a docência. Para tanto, revisitaram suas vivências e trouxeram uma discussão sobre como o corpo atravessa suas áreas de formação e sobre o sensível na educação. O objetivo é promover uma reflexão sobre docência a partir do corpo, do estar no corpo no teatro e na arquitetura, buscando uma maior permeabilidade dos saberes sensíveis na educação. Neste contexto, este texto destaca três ideias que podem movimentar a docência: a primeira diz respeito à importância que o corpo tem como existência na docência, a segunda enfatiza que formação é estar aberto para o mundo e que o corpo é comunicação e a terceira destaca que criação, ou auto-criação, envolve sempre movimento de corpo. Assim, por meio de uma conscientização maior sobre a importância do corpo e de suas potencialidades, há uma valorização do cotidiano, da sala de aula como ambiente profícuo para formação.
A DINÂMICA DA PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Gadea Carlos A
Published: September 2018

Através da comparação com os paradigmas da modernidade e da pré-modernidade, o presente texto procura caracterizar o que se entende por pós-modernidade, apelando a discussões sobre temporalidade, cultura e sociabilidade. Implícito está, também, uma discussão sobre teoria social contemporânea, na medida em que noções sociológicas conhecidas desde as perspectivas interacionistas e da ação social se resignificam no paradigma da pós-modernidade. O leitor encontrará uma explicação bastante didática sobre o significado da pós-modernidade na atualidade, os temas que lhe são próprios e os desafios que aborda para uma melhor compreensão da cultura contemporânea.
PÓS-MODERNIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR
Authors: Bastos Carmen Celia
Published: September 2018

Nossasreflexõesapóiam-se nasposiçõesdeautoresquetêm trabalhadocomatemáticada modernidade e da pós-modernidadeparadesvendarmudanças,inovaçõese reformasquesãodiscutidas,emgeral, apartirdeambientesafetadosporcrises. Buscamos compreender o cenário de transformações num contexto globalização/mundialização.Intencionalmente destacamos a educação superior no Brasil, após a promulgação daLeideDiretrizeseBasesdaEducaçãoNacional, aLeinº 9.394/1996 que marcadamente representa uma transformação na configuração institucional universitária no país. Tratamos, portanto, da crise da universidade e suas diversas alternativas curriculares que a caracterizam atualmente.
PÓS-MODERNIDADE: PERSPECTIVAS DE JEAN-FRANÇOIS LYOTARD E MICHEL MAFFESOLI
Authors: Rechia Schroeder Tânia Maria , Abreu Cláudia Barcelos Moura
Published: September 2018

Este artigo aborda as perspectivas de Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998) e de Michel Maffesoli (1944 -) sobre a pós-modernidade, cujo marco histórico inicial se dá em torno do ano de 1950, período da chamada “era industrial” e em que se iniciou o declínio da modernidade e a emergência da pós-modernidade.
Decontamination of Liquid Radioactive Wastes Using Clay Minerals
Authors: Tekdal Mehmet
Published: September 2018

The rapid increase in the use of nuclear energy
and radioisotopes has necessitated the development of effective and economic
methods for the decontamination of radioactive wastes. In this study, the
decontamination of low-level radioactive wastes containing 137Cs
radioisotope were investigated by using clay minerals. The clay samples used as
activity absorber materials  were
obtained from the clay deposits in the various regions of Turkey (Adana, Konya,
Diyarbakır).The columns input and output concentrations were determined with
radiometric methods by using a  gamma (g) spectrometer. According to the results of this investigation,
“smectite” type Turkey clays were found to be suitable for the decontamination
of radioactive wastes containing radioactive cesium.
Investigation of Radiation Effects on Coffee Beans Using ESR Technique
Authors: Ece Emel , Sezer M.özgür , Özmen Ayhan , Sayın Ülkü
Published: September 2018

In
this study, radiation effects on coffee beans have been investigated by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) technique. ESR spectra of natural and irradiated samples at different
doses between 0.5 Gy and 11 kGy by 60Co gamma source were recorded
with X-band ESR spectrometer and, radiation dose, ESR microwave power and
cavity temperature dependency of paramagnetic centers were investigated. At the
results of dose- response and kinetic studies it was determined that the
paramagnetic centers in coffee beans are stable, and sensitive to radiation.
Thus, it is shown that the irradiated beans can be used for detection as
radiation dosimeter in the investigated dose range.
The Effects of Repulsive and Attractive Interactions on Step Bunching Formed on Stepped Surfaces
Authors: TÜZEMEN Ahmet Türker
Published: September 2018

A surface which consists concentric circular monoatomic steps in two
dimensions and below its roughening temperature is discussed. Repulsive and
attractive interactions between steps on the surface are considered. It is
supposed that repulsive and attractive interactions vary as  and  respectively. Here  indicates the terrace width
between monoatomic steps. The solution of diffusion equation is achieved in
two- dimension by using polar coordinates. While the initial surface evolves,
it is supposed that the local mass transfer exists because of the surface
diffusion only under the step-flow model. In the study initial surfaces bounded
by envelope functions which have the form of  are dealt. In the case of only
repulsive interaction between steps surfaces evolve properly. When both
repulsive and attractive interactions between steps are accepted step bunchings
separated by large flat terraces occur on the surface. While the surface
morphology and the evolution of the height of surface in time are investigated
for all surface structures in Diffusion-Limited (DL) regime, a parameter space
of bunching and no bunching regions is derived.
New Generalized Inequalities for Functions of Bounded Variation
Authors: BUDAK Hüseyin , SARIKAYA Mehmet Zeki
Published: September 2018

In this paper, firstly we obtain some generalized trapezoid and midpoint
type inequalities for functions of bounded variation using two new generalized identities
for Riemann-Stieltjes integrals. Then quadrature formula is also provided.
Investigation of the Inhibition Effects of Some Metal Ions on Glutathione Reductase Enzyme From Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Liver
Authors: TEMEL Yusuf , TAHER Sarkat Salim Mohammed , HAMZA Mohammad Ahmad , SHAFEEQ İbrahim Hamdi , KOÇYİĞİT Ümit Muhammet , ÇİFTÇİ Mehmet
Published: September 2018

In the present study, the inhibition effect of
some heavy metal ions on glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme which has important
functions in metabolism, was investigated. For this purpose, GR enzyme was
purified with 19.33 EU/mg specific activity, a yield of 14.06% and 128.8-fold
from quail liver by using ammonium sulphate precipitation and 2ʹ, 5ʹ-ADP
Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. To check the purity of GR enzyme, sodium
dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed and
single band was observed. The activity of the GR enzyme was measured
spectrophotometrically at 340 nm according to the method of Carlberg and
Mannervik. Then, the inhibitory effects of different heavy metal ions (Co 2+,
Zn 2+, Pb 2+, Fe 2+, Cd 2+, Al 3+
and Fe 3+) on the activity of GR enzyme were examined under in vitro
conditions. For the GR enzyme from quail liver tissue, heavy metal
concentrations (IC50) were obtained in which 50% of GR enzyme
activity was inhibited in vitro conditions. Finally, Ki values for
these metal ions were calculated from the Lineweaver-Burk plots.
Experimental Investigation of Free Convection from Foam Heat Sinks in an Inclined Rectangular Channel
Authors: DOĞAN Ayla , ÖZBALCI Oğuzhan
Published: September 2018

In
this present study, free convection from an in-line 5x1 array of aluminum foam
heat sinks which were placed on the bottom wall of the inclined rectangular
channel was investigated. Aluminum foam heat sinks were made of Al-6101 alloy.
All heat sinks mounted on a bottom wall of the channel was discrete form and
exposed to uniform heat flux. Aluminum foam materials with three different pore
densities (10, 20 and 40 PPI) were used in experiments. Air was used as coolant
fluid (Pr =0.7). The experiments were made for Rayleigh Number range from 2.03
x107 to 1.33 x108 and the channel inclination angles were
varied from 0° to 90°. Moreover, the heat transfer results from
the aluminum foam heat sinks were also compared to the results obtained for
foam-free (without foam) surfaces. The results showed that both the channel
inclination angle and the usage of foam heat sinks are significant influences
on heat transfer results.
Empirical Type 1 Error Rate and Power Comparisons of Normality Tests with R
Authors: PEKGÖR Ahmet , ERİŞOĞLU Murat , KARAKOCA Aydın , ERİŞOĞLU Ülkü
Published: September 2018

Normality is one of the main presuppositions in
statistical tests. The multiplicity of the normality tests bring out another
problem of choosing the appropriate test for researchers. The free software R
which has a great popularity in the statistical analysis has 18 normality tests
in 4 different packages. In this study we compared performance of these
normality tests in terms of empirical type 1 error rate and power by Monte
Carlo simulation. As a result, regardless of the distribution of data (symetric
or asymmetric) the Shapiro-Francia test, also the Frosini B test performed
better than the other normality tests in terms of experimental type 1 error
rate. However the widely used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed worse performance
than other normality tests in terms of empirical type 1 error rate and power.
The Determination of the Specific Capacitance of Mercury Based Copper Oxide Layered Superconductor at Superconducting State
Authors: ASLAN ÇATALTEPE Özden
Published: September 2018

Mercury based copper oxide layered high temperature superconductor,
which consists of superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) layers, can be
considered as a stack of nearly ideal, intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ). The
SIS junction, where the electrical field is confined, topologically resembles a
parallel-plate capacitor. As is known, the coupling between junctions in superconductors
is capacitive. Hence, the determination of the specific capacitance (Cs) of the IJJ at the
superconducting state has a crucial importance in order to give information
about superconductivity mechanism. In this study, the Cs values of the investigated sample have been
calculated by means of the critical current density, Jcand plasma frequency,  that have been obtained from
magnetic measurements taken at the below temperatures than the critical
transition temperature, Tc.
Moreover, Cs values at superconducting
temperature have been compared to that of the normal temperature.
The Determination of M Shell Average Fluorescence Parameters From 70Yb to 92U and of Hg, Pb and Bi Compounds Using 5.96 keV Photons
Authors: KÜP AYLIKCI Nuray , KAHOUL Abdelhalim , AYLIKCI Volkan , TIRAŞOĞLU Engin
Published: September 2018

In this study, the empirical average M shell fluorescence yields were calculated from 70Yb to 92U. These obtained values will supply more experimental data for theoretical estimations of atomic structure calculations and spectroscopic analysis which is used for material characterization.  And also, chemical effects on average M-shell fluorescence yields for Hg, Pb, and Bi compounds were determined using M X-ray production cross-sections at 5.96 keV photon energy. The samples were irradiated using a 1.85 GBq 55Fe radioactive source.  M X-rays emitted by samples were counted using a multi-channel analyzer with a Ultra-LEGe detector. The measured experimental values have been compared with theoretically and empirically (only for M-shell average fluorescence yields) calculated values of pure elements.
A Strongly Ill-Posed Problem for the Equation
Authors: YILDIZ Mustafa
Published: September 2018

In this work, we consider an inverse problem for an elliptic equation
which is strongly ill-posed in Hadamard sense. We prove the uniqueness of the
solution of the problem by using Carleman estimates.
Growth Temperature Dependency of High Al Content AlGaN Epilayers on AlN/Al2O3 Templates
Authors: DEMİR İlkay
Published: September 2018

In this work, MOVPE (Metalorganic Vapor Phase
Epitaxy) growth and characterization studies of high Al content AlGaN epilayers
are reported. We utilize high resolution
X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques to
analyze the crystalline quality and
surface morphology of AlGaN epilayers. The role of the growth temperature of
AlGaN epilayers on the structural quality and the surface morphology was
investigated. Growth and measurement results show that single phase AlGaN
epilayers were grown on AlN/Al2O3 template. It is
concluded that the increasing growth temperature increases the Al content of
AlGaN epilayers which enable to control the alloy concentration of AlGaN.
Furthermore, the increasing Al content in AlGaN epilayers leads to the smooth
surface which indicates that the decreasing number of dislocation density.
Plantas como Ferramentas para a Remediação Ambiental: uma Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia Tâmara Alves , Orlandelli Ravely Casarotti
Published: September 2018

Diversos poluentes – tais como: os compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos e metais pesados, resultantes de atividades antrópica – contribuem com a degradação de ambientes terrestres e aquáticos. Nesse cenário, surge a fitorremediação: uma técnica de biorremediação, em que determinadas espécies de plantas são utilizadas como agentes de descontaminação, removendo, imobilizando ou tornando os contaminantes menos ofensivos ao ecossistema. Embora recente, essa técnica tem apresentado respostas positivas concernentes à descontaminação de água e solos. Assim, o presente artigo teve como objetivo relacionar diferentes espécies de plantas com potencial remediador frente a diversos tipos de contaminantes. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura científica nacional e internacional, a partir da busca de estudos disponíveis no Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, SciELO, além de livros de referência, dissertações e teses. As publicações analisadas atestaram que, embora seja uma tecnologia ainda em desenvolvimento, são notáveis diversas vantagens da fitorremediação, como o baixo custo de implantação e sua natureza não invasiva. Além disso, pode ser destacado o potencial fitorremediador recentemente descrito para diferentes espécies vegetais.Palavras-chave: Fitorremediação. Descontaminação Ambiental. Metais Pesados. Herbicidas. Efluentes Industriais.AbstractSeveral pollutants – such as organic and inorganic compounds and heavy metals, resulting from anthropic activities – contribute to the errestrial and aquatic environments degradation. In this scenario, phytoremediation emerges: a bioremediation technique in which certain plant species are used as decontamination agents, removing, immobilizing or making the contaminants less offensive to the ecosystem. Although recent, this technique has presented positive results concerning the water and soil decontamination. Thus, the present article aimed at relating different plant species with potential to remediate different types of contaminants. For this, a review of the national and international scientific literature was carried out, based on the search of studies available in Google Scholar, PubMed, CAPES Periodicals Portal, SciELO, as well as reference books, dissertations and theses. The analyzed publications show that, although it is a technology still in development, several advantages of phytoremediation are remarkable, such as the low cost of implantation and its noninvasive nature. Moreover, the phytoremediation potential recently described for different plant species can be higlighted.Keywords: Phytoremediation. Environmental Decontamination. Heavy Metals. Herbicides. Industrial Effluents.
Epidemiologia e Adesão Terapêutica no Tratamento de Pacientes com Tuberculose Atendidos na Unidade Básica de Saúde Dr. José Maria de Magalhães Neto – Bahia
Authors: Lima Márcio Amorim Tolentino , Alves Tauane Freitas , Oliveira Thaisa Souza
Published: September 2018

A Tuberculose – TB é uma doença distinguida como fatal, causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bactéria identificada em 24 de março de 1882, em Berlim (Alemanha) por Robert Koch. Sua transmissão ocorre por via aérea, de um indivíduo doente a um sadio. O escopo do trabalho foi identificar os aspectos que contribuem e dificultam a adesão ao tratamento terapêutico de jovens com tuberculose, além de descrever o perfil dos pacientes nos casos notificados de tuberculose e a sequência do tratamento na cidade de Itabuna. Foi realizado um questionário estruturado com perguntas objetivas e aplicado entre os meses de maio e agosto de 2015, com os pacientes assistidos pelo centro de referência, as amostras foram analisadas estatisticamente e de acordo com estudo bibliográfico acerca do tema foram encontrados os seguintes resultados: dos pacientes entrevistados, 64% eram do sexo feminino, 54% solteiras, a grande maioria dos pacientes relataram ter renda mensal de dois salários mínimos, considerando o tamanho de uma família brasileira, baixo nível de escolaridade, falta de saneamento básico em torno de 60% dos entrevistados, e 90% nega ter sofrido preconceito após diagnóstico confirmado.Palavras-chave: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Terapia Medicamentosa. Epidemiologia.AbstractTuberculosis - TB is a disease characterized as fatal, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium identified on March 24th, 1882, in Berlin (Germany) by Robert Koch. Its transmission is by air, from an individual sick to a healthy one. The scope of the study was to identify the aspects that contribute  and make difficult the adherence to the therapeutic treatment of young people with tuberculosis, besides describing the profile of the patients in the reported cases of tuberculosis and the treatment sequence in the city of Itabuna. A structured questionnaire was carried out with objective questions between May and August 2015, with the patients assisted by the reference center, the samples were analyzed statistically and according to a bibliographic study about the subject the following results were found: of the patients interviewed 64% were female, 54% were single, the majority of the patients reported having a monthly income of two minimum wages, considering the size of a Brazilian family, low level of schooling, lack of basic sanitation around 60% of respondents and 90% deny having suffered prejudice after confirmed diagnosis.Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug Therapy. Epidemiology.
Spectrum of acute kidney injury in obstetrics
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Chopra Seema , Suri Vanita , Kohli Harbir Singh
Published: September 2018

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with pregnancy is a serious medical complication which can lead to significant maternal as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: Forty antenatal/postnatal /postabortal patients who fulfilled the Acute kidney injury network criteria were enrolled and followed up till 3 months of acute insult/ postpartum.Results: Majority of the patients, 23/40(57.5%) with AKI presented in postpartum period, 14/40(35%) developed AKI in antenatal period and 3/40(7.5%) were postabortal. AKI was attributable mostly to sepsis in 11/40(27.5%) followed by hypertension and its complications which included eclampsia in 5/40(12.5%) and HELLP syndrome in 3/40(7.5%). 5/40(12.5%) patients had postpartum haemorrhage and abruptio placentae was found in 2/40(5%). Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was the treatment in majority of them 28(70%). 25/40(62.5%) had complete recovery of their renal functions whereas maternal mortality was seen in 10/40(25%) patients. Prolonged anuria was found to be highly significant in our study and served as poor prognostic factor towards maternal outcome (p=0.034). Out of 37 patients, 21(56.7%) had live births and 16 patients (43.2%) had still births.Conclusions: Timely initiation of RRT in patients with AKI associated with pregnancy has a good maternal outcome in the form of complete recovery of renal functions.
Immediate induction of labor in premature rupture of membranes at term (PROMT)-vaginal Misoprostol tablet versus PGE2 gel: a randomized comparative study
Authors: Chaudhuri Snehamay , Mitra Sankar Nath , Banerjee Pradip Kumar , Biswas Pranab Kumar , Bhattacharrya Sudipta
Published: September 2018

Background: The aim of the study is to compare immediate induction with vaginal misoprostol tablet and immediate induction with vaginal PGE2 gel in women with premature rupture of membranes at term (PROMT).Methods: Nine hundred thirty-two women with PROM at term were assigned randomly to receive intravaginal 25μg misoprostol tablet, 4 hourly with a maximum of 5 doses or 0.5 mg vaginal PGE2 gel 6 hourly with a maximum of 2 doses. The primary outcome measures were cesarean section rate, admission to delivery interval and induction to delivery interval. Secondary outcomes included, mode of delivery, and maternal and neonatal safety outcome. Results were calculated applying Fisher Exact Test, Chi square test, t test and calculating the P-value using an alpha level of 0.05 for Type I error.Results: The mean time from admission to delivery was 13.16 hours in the misoprostol group and 13.56 hours in the PGE2 group (P= 0.3014). Induction to delivery interval was also comparable between the groups (10.23 h versus 10.18 h).Caesarean section rate did not differ significantly between groups (12.13% versus 15.74% ,P=0.135 RR 0.783 95% CI 0.568-1.079).More women in misoprostol group had instrumental delivery (7.57% versus 4.25%, P=0.031, RR 1.089 95% CI 1.04-3.03).The  neonatal outcomes were comparable between the groups . Maternal outcomes were not significantly different except incidence of analgesic use (P=0.009 RR 1.62 95% CI 1.03-1.30), meconium stained liquor (P=.0096 RR 2.03 CI 1.17-3.53) and   number of digital vaginal examinations (P<.0001) in misoprostol group.Conclusions: Vaginal misoprostol is equally efficacious in labor induction and demonstrates a similar fetal and maternal safety profile to PGE2 gel.
Is it worth preserving the uterus? unanticipated pathology in hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse (POP)
Authors: Pandey Deeksha , Inukollu Pranadeep Reddy , Shetty Jyothi , Hebbar Shripad , Pai Muralidhar V. , Kumar Pratap
Published: September 2018

Background: In recent years concept of uterine conservation has been increasing at the time of surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This study was intended to assess the risk of premalignant and malignant uterine/endometrial, and cervical pathology at the time of hysterectomy-based POP procedures, to better understand the risks of uterine conservation in the surgical treatment of POP in Indian setup.Methods: Patients who had undergone vaginal hysterectomy for POP in last five years were identified by medical record tracking using ICD-9 codes. Case records then were reviewed to collect patient characteristics and the final histopathological diagnosis of the hysterectomy specimen. Cases with premalignant or malignant uterine/endometrial or cervical pathology recognized prior to surgery were excluded.Results: A total of 573 women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy and pelvic floor repair for the sole indication of POP were included. On analyzing the histopathological diagnosis of the specimen obtained during surgery in 57.1% of cases the findings were consistent with the changes seen in cases of POP. Only 5.9 % of cases had cervical or endometrial pathologies who would have required treatment/follow up in future if the uterus was left in situ.Conclusions: The risk of missing a malignant and premalignant cervical or uterine pathology in women presenting with uterine prolapse is low if appropriate preoperative workup has been done. Uterine preservation in surgical management of POP could be considered an option.
Profile of infection in women with vaginal discharge in North India
Authors: Sood Nishi , Sud Shyam Sunder
Published: September 2018

Background: The objective of the present study was to observe the profile of infection in women with vaginal discharge.Methods: The present study was conducted between October 2013 and September2014. The respondents were females in reproductive age group (15-45 years) attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD with history of vaginal discharge. After detailed clinical examination of the patient, pH was determined, and the posterior fornix was swabbed with a cotton tip applicator. Further a Whiff (amine) test done; wet mount was immediately prepared and examined. Another swab was sent for Gram’s stain and culture.Results: A total of 200 women with vaginal discharge were studied, of which 146 were diagnosed with pathogens. The most common form of infection was mixed infection which was diagnosed in 69 patients (34.5%). As a single pathogen, the next most common infection was Bacterial vaginosis seen in 43 patients (15.5%) and Trichomonas vaginalis seen in 3 patients (1.5%).Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of vaginits are diverse. By knowing the microbiology of the vaginal flora, we could come to the conclusion of the etiology of vaginitis.
Evaluation of the risk of malignancy index in preoperative diagnosis of ovarian masses
Authors: Suchitra Royyuru , Burde Kaustubh , G. Nilima , Sahithi P. L. S.
Published: September 2018

Background: Ovarian cancer possesses a challenge to screening tests due to its anatomical location, poor natural history, lack of specific lesion, symptoms and signs and low prevalence. Authors shall be considering RMI 2 and RMI 4 (forms of RMI) and comparing them with histopathology report to derive the sensitivity, specificity and other parameters of these tests.Methods: A prospective   study was conducted from September 2016- September 2017 at Mazumdar Shaw Hospital, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore.73 patients met the inclusion criteria. RMI 2   and RMI4 were calculated for all the patients and these scores were compared to the final histopathology reports.Results: In present study of 73 patients RMI2 showed a sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity of 86.5 %, Positive predictive value of 81.25% and negative predictive value of 90.24 %. Whereas RMI4 showed a sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity of 86.5 %, Positive predictive value of 83.87 and negative predictive value of 90.48 %. These results are comparable to other studies conducted.  The risk of malignancy index 2 and 4 are also almost comparable with each other and so either can be used for determining the risk of malignancy in patients with adnexal masses. These results were derived in an Indian population across all age groups showing that authors can apply this low-cost method even in resource limited settings.Conclusions: Authors found that Risk of malignancy index is a simple and affordable method to determine the likelihood of a patient having adnexal mass to be malignant. This can thus help save the resources and make the services available at grass root level.
Evaluation of umbilical cord complication and its relation with foetal outcome
Authors: Jeenwal Aarti , Jharbade Hemlata
Published: September 2018

Background: There are numerous umbilical cord abnormalities ranging from false knots, which have no clinical significance, to vasa previa, which could cause foetal loss. With availability of more sophisticated prenatal ultrasound techniques, many can be detected early in utero, however many of these are not apparent till delivery. In this study primary objective was to study correlation of umbilical cord complications and foetal outcome. Authors also outlined available courses of action to avert their morbidity and mortality.Methods: Prospective case control study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of M.G.M. Medical College and M. Y. Hospitals, Indore. Antenatal women with more than 28 weeks gestation were included. 500 cases with cord abnormalities were followed till delivery and were compared to the 500 controls with normal cord findings. Data was recorded in predesigned coded case report forms and statistical analysis was performed.Results: Of all the cord complications studied nuchal cord was the commonest i.e. 66.2% followed by abnormal cord length 12.4%. Incidence of cord prolapse was 7.2%. Single umbilical artery, cord knot and abnormal umbilical artery flow were found in 4%, 1.38% and 0.68% respectively.Conclusions: The presence of nuchal cord per se is not found to be an indication of operative delivery. However, these cases require close intrapartum monitoring. Gross cord abnormality was associated with still birth, intra uterine growth restriction and intrapartum or immediate post-natal complication.
Planned versus emergency cesarean delivery with previous one cesarean section: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sharma Partha P. , Giri Dipak K. , Bera Surendra N.
Published: September 2018

Background: Women presents with previous history of cesarean section (CS) is a ‘high risk pregnancy’ and requires regular antenatal check-ups. Planned CS at term done for perinatal interest. Post cesarean pregnancy admitted through emergency required direct CS, for those not fit for vaginal birth as per different guidelines. Main objective of this study is to know neonatal and maternal outcome at term for planned versus emergency CS with previous one CS.Methods: Planned or emergency CS were done in 1003 pregnant women at term with previous one CS and outcome of both neonatal and maternal were noted. Emergency CS done in failed VBAC women were excluded from the study.Results: Planned CS before onset of labor were done in 22.93% and emergency CS in 77.07% in the present study. A significant number of women has undergone planned CS in cephalo-pelvic disproportion (45.21%), contracted pelvis (24.34%) and fetal growth restriction (6.95%) where P=0.000. Scar tenderness (20.18%), fetal distress (16.04%) and cephalo-pelvic disproportion (15.52%) were major indications for emergency CS. Maternal complications in the emergency CS group were pyrexia (P=0.000) and blood transfusion, required in 1.81% (P=0.000). There were two maternal death and hysterectomy required in 0.38% in the emergency CS compared to 1.30% in the planned CS (P=0.274). Neonatal complications were significant(P=0.018) in the emergency CS group. Common complications were jaundice (2.84% versus 1.73%, P=0.489), sepsis (0.25% versus 0.86%, P=0.487) and early neonatal death (2.97% versus 0.86%, P=0.119) in emergency CS compared to planned CS.Conclusions: Neonatal morbidity and mortality were significant in the emergency CS, compared to planned CS. Pyrexia and blood transfusion were significant maternal morbidity in the emergency CS group.
An analytical study of intraoperative, immediate post-operative and perinatal complications in previous two caesarean section
Authors: Singh Prachi , Agarwal Ritika , Yadav Shweta
Published: September 2018

Background: Lower segment caesarean section is one of the commonest operations performed now a day.It has been seen that in cases with previous caesarean section there is increased maternal morbidity and mortality due to placenta previa, adherent placenta and caesarean hysterectomy.The present study was conducted to know the fetomaternal outcome and intra and immediate post-operative complications in cases with previous two lower segment caesarean section.Methods: The present study was conducted in TMMC Moradabad between January 2017-January 2018.Total 68 cases were previous two lower segment caesarean section were included in the study. Neonatal outcome and intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications were seen in these cases.Results: In the present study majority of the cases were in 30-34 years age group (39.7%), the maximum number of caesarean sections were done between gestational age of 37-39.6 weeks (47.1%). Intraoperatively adhesions between uterus, anterior abdominal wall and bladder was seen in less than half of the cases i.e. in 42.6% cases. Out of 68 cases with previous two lower segment caesarean operated 13 cases had placenta previa and 4 cases had adherent placenta.Conclusions: The present study shows that the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality is increased with increasing number of caesarean sections. So, there should be reduction in rate of primary caesarean section which can reduce the rate of placenta previa and adherent placenta in subsequent pregnancies.
Mental stress in infertility: a tertiary care hospital-based study
Authors: Bhattacharya Susmita , Kyal Amit , Mondal Payel , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Chowdhury Mrinalini , Mitra Debasubhra
Published: September 2018

Background: Most of the couples suffering from infertility report it to be the most stressful and depressing period of their life, more so if it is a primary infertility. Studies regarding the prevalence and role of infertility-specific stress especially in eastern part of India is very limited. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of infertility-specific stress and its role in marital adjustment in women diagnosed with infertility.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done on 80 married couple diagnosed with infertility (both primary and secondary) over 1 year from July 2016 to June,2017. Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), "semi-structured questionnaire" compiled by the authors and "ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders (Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines)" were used for the evaluation. The analysis was done using SPSS (version 16) and Chi-square test.Results: Around 86% infertile women and 21% infertile men were found to suffer from mental stress. Infertility related stress were more in patients with primary infertility than in secondary one. Women mostly (56.5%) coped with stress by self-blaming whereas men (58.2%) by blaming the partner.Conclusions: Mental stress was significantly associated with infertility. In fact, maladjustment in marital relation caused by the stress adversely affected the conjugal life and thus also the fertility. Proper counselling of both partners might be helpful to solve this problem.
Maternal outcome of caesarean section with or without eventration of the uterus: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mehta Vidushi , Gupta Alka S.
Published: September 2018

Background: Caesarean section is a commonest surgical procedure performed by an obstetrician. Many variations in technique of caesarean section have been devised with the intent of shortening the operating time, making the operation easier, safer and more efficient; and to decrease the blood loss, postoperative morbidity, other complications as well as to shorten the period of hospitalization. One such variation is in the technique of repair of the uterus, whether it is repaired in situ or taken out from the incision and repaired outside the abdomen before replacing it back in place. This study was designed to compare two techniques of uterine closure and determine the benefit of using one technique over the other.Methods: A prospective observational study on 100 women who underwent caesarean section. Technique of uterine repair was surgeon dependent and was not influenced by investigator.  Based on this, patients were assigned into two separate groups (exteriorised group and in situ repair group). Observation was made and recorded regarding the various preoperative, intraoperative parameters and the surgeon`s technique of uterine closure. The patients were then followed up and various postoperative outcome variables were recorded.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regards to any of the intraoperative or postoperative parameters except that there was a rise in diastolic pressure in exteriorization group during eventration which gradually came down during the suturing and reposition (P < 0.05).Conclusions: With this study, it can be concluded that clinical outcomes remain unaffected by any of the two methods of uterine repair. Both are equally safe. However, a caution must be exercised in intraoperative blood pressure monitoring, especially when the uterus is being exteriorized for repair as there is a statistically significant rise in diastolic blood pressure during eventration.