bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDF1 accelerates ganglioside GD3 accumulation to boost CD52-mediated CD8+ T cell dysfunction in neuroblastoma
Authors: Li Di , Li Meng , Zhuo Zhenjian , Guo Huiqin , Zhang Weixin , Xu Yile , Wang Hai-Yun , Liu Jiabin , Xia Huimin , Lin Huiran , Tang Jue , He Jing , Miao Lei
Published: February 2025

Background

Heterogeneous clinical features and prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB) children are frequently dominated by immune elements. Dysfunction and apoptosis in immune cells result from the exposure to continuous tumor-related antigen stimulation and coinhibitory signals. To date, key factors pointing to the restriction of NB-specific CD8+ T cells remain elusive.

Methods

We performed bulk-RNA sequencing and lipidomic analyses of children with mediastinal NB. Bioinformatics analysis and biological validation were applied to uncover the underlying mechanism.

Results

Three subtypes were identified using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), among which we highlighted an apoptotic status of infiltrated CD8+ T cells, along with the highest CD52 and EDF1 expression in Cluster3 (C3) subtypes. It was verified that high EDF1 expression in NB cells led to Lactosylceramide (LacCer) accumulation, as well as downstream ganglioside-GD3, which subsequently increased the expression of CD52 and immune checkpoint genes, chemotaxis, and apoptosis-related events in activated CD8+T cells. Mechanistically, EDF1 was recruited as a coactivator to form the NF-κB/RelA/EDF1 complex, which further prevented the promoter region methylation of ST8SIA1, to elevate its transcription.

Conclusion

These findings characterize abundant GD3 in NB cells, which regulated by the EDF1/RelA/ST8SIA1 axis, is responsible for CD8+ T cell dysfunction. Inhibition of EDF1 may reduce suppressive factors and prevent immune escape of NB cells. Modulating NB-associated GD3 levels through metabolic intervention is beneficial for tuning the depth and duration of responses to current NB therapies. The integration of transcriptomic and lipidomic data offers a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between LacCer metabolites and the immune status in NB.

Graphical Abstract
Exosomal mir-126-3p derived from endothelial cells induces ion channel dysfunction by targeting RGS3 signaling in cardiomyocytes: a novel mechanism in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fan Xuehui , Yang Guoqiang , Wang Yinuo , Shi Haojie , Nitschke Katja , Sattler Katherine , Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Cyganek Lukas , Nuhn Philipp , Worst Thomas , Liao Bin , Dobreva Gergana , Duerschmied Daniel , Zhou Xiaobo , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Akin Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Background

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is marked by an acute, transient, and reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction triggered by stress, with endothelial dysfunction being one of its pathophysiological mechanisms. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes during TTC remains unclear. This study reveals that exosomal miRNAs derived from endothelial cells exposed to catecholamine contribute to ion channel dysfunction in the setting of TTC.

Methods

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were treated with epinephrine (Epi) or exosomes (Exo) from Epi-treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) or Exo derived from HCMECs transfected with miR-126-3p. The immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, qPCR, single-cell contraction, intracellular calcium transients, patch-clamp, dual luciferase reporter assay and western blot were performed for the study.

Results

Modeling TTC with high doses of epinephrine (Epi) treatment in hiPSC-CMs shows suppression of depolarization velocity (Vmax), prolongation of action potential duration (APD), and induction of arrhythmic events. Exo derived from HCMECs treated with Epi (Epi-exo) mimicked or enhanced the effects of Epi. Epi exposure led to elevated levels of miR-126-3p in both HCMECs and their exosomes. Exo enriched with miR-126-3p demonstrated similar effects as Epi-exo, establishing the crucial role of miR-126-3p in the mechanism of Epi-exo. Dual luciferase reporter assay coupled with gene mutation techniques identified that miR-126-3p was found to target the regulator of G-protein signaling 3 (RGS3) gene. Western blot and qPCR analyses confirmed that miR-126-3p-mimic reduced RGS3 expression in both HCMECs and hiPSC-CMs, indicating miR-126-3p inhibits RGS3 signaling. Additionally, miR-126-3p levels were significantly higher in the serum of TTC patients compared to healthy controls and patients who had recovered from TTC.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to reveal that exosomal miR-126-3p, originating from endothelial cells, contributes to ion channel dysfunction by regulating RGS3 signaling in cardiomyocytes. These findings provide new perspectives on the pathogenesis of TTC and suggest potential therapeutic targets for treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Targeting ferroptosis: opportunities and challenges of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dai Le , Wang Qing
Published: February 2025

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by progressive β-cell death, leading to β-cell loss and insufficient insulin secretion. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is currently one of the most promising methods for β-cell replacement therapy. However, recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is not only one of the key mechanisms of β-cell death, but also one of the reasons for extensive cell death within a short period of time after MSCs transplantation. Ferroptosis is a new type of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. Due to the weak antioxidant capacity of β-cells, they are susceptible to cytotoxic stimuli such as oxidative stress (OS), and are therefore susceptible to ferroptosis. Transplanted MSCs are also extremely susceptible to perturbations in their microenvironment, especially OS, which can weaken their antioxidant capacity and induce MSCs death through ferroptosis. In the pathophysiological process of T1DM, a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, causing OS. Therefore, targeting ferroptosis may be a key way to protect β-cells and improve the therapeutic effect of MSCs transplantation. This review reviews the research related to ferroptosis of β-cells and MSCs, and summarizes the currently developed strategies that help inhibit cell ferroptosis. This study aims to help understand the ferroptosis mechanism of β-cell death and MSCs death after transplantation, emphasize the importance of targeting ferroptosis for protecting β-cells and improving the survival and function of transplanted MSCs, and provide a new research direction for stem cells transplantation therapy of T1DM in the future.
Lawsonia intracellularis T3SS effector LI0758, an Rce1 ortholog, activates MAPK and NF-κB signaling in mammalian cells
Authors: Zhong Yuanxiu , Duan Yiyun , Lai Fenju , Zhang Jinhua , Dai Yimin
Published: February 2025

Lawsonia intracellularis, a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium causing porcine proliferative enteropathy, possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS), yet only a handful of its substrates have been experimentally characterized. In this study, we identify that LI0758 can be secreted by the Yersinia T3SS, which suppresses yeast growth and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in mammalian cells. Bioinformatics analyses indicate that LI0758 is an ortholog of Rce1, a eukaryotic CAAX protein endoprotease, sharing a similar subcellular localization on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While displaying unique activity in the yeast a-factor reporter system, LI0758 restores Ras2 localization in Rce1Δ mutant strains, implying functional similarity. Our findings underscore LI0758’s pivotal role in activating MAPK pathways and suggest its potential to modulate the localization and function of host CAAX proteins. Further investigation holds promise for elucidating novel bacteria-host interaction mechanisms and fostering the development of innovative therapies against proliferative enteritis.
Predicting ixodid tick distribution in Tamil Nadu domestic mammals using ensemble species distribution models
Authors: Elango Ayyanar , Raju Hari Kishan , Shriram Ananganallur Nagarajan , Kumar Ashwani , Rahi Manju
Published: February 2025

Background

Tick borne diseases are re-emerging around the world, including India. Information about the occurrence of the tick vectors in different geographical locations is essential for controlling the diseases. Tick surveys have not been conducted in many parts of India and information on the current prevalence of tick vectors is not available in all states of India. Many studies have been carried out utilizing modelling methods to predict the distribution of tick species in other countries. The MaxEnt model is widely used for predicting tick species distribution using bioclimatic variables. Lyme disease vectors such as Ixodes sp., Amblyomma sp., and Dermacentor sp. are the most commonly predicted tick species. However, very few studies have been carried out to predict the distribution of tick species in India. Haemaphysalis spinigera, the primary Kyasanur Forest Disease vector, was predicted along the Western Ghats using the MaxEnt model. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was predicted across India using the generalized linear model (GLM). Identifying the tick vectors in transmitting the infection through conventional survey and identification methods is cumbersome due to the less number of experienced persons available. Prediction of tick vectors of public health concern, including other tick species in different geographical regions of Tamil Nadu, India, is essential for the prevention and control of tick-borne disease in humans and domestic animals. The present study adopts the package ‘SSDM’ (stacked species distribution models) with R software containing ensemble species distribution models to predict the distribution of tick species using different available environmental and climatic data.

Results

The categorical variables such as land use and land cover (LULC), soil type, elevation, Bio1, Bio10, Bio15, Bio19 and Bio8 contributed more to modelling the distribution of tick species. MaxEnt, GLM, GBM and GAM are suitable models for predicting the tick species distribution in the present study. Among these models, MaxEnt is the most suitable model for predicting tick species distribution in Tamil Nadu, India.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that MaxEnt is a suitable model for predicting the distribution of tick species. Both environmental factors such as LULC, elevation and soil type and bioclimatic factors such as temperature and precipitation contribute significantly to predicting tick species distribution in domestic animals in Tamil Nadu. The SSDM package is very useful and user-friendly graphical user interface for modelling the distribution of tick species. However, the package can be further improved by using higher resolution raster variables in larger areas, which is not currently supported. The predicted elevation range of Ha. spinigera distribution could not be provided due to software limitations.
Screening for coronary artery disease among cancer survivors: rationale and design of the REDEEM-CAD study
Authors: Soh Cheng Hwee , Smith Joel , Shrestha Shristy , Nolan Mark , Wong Joshua , Nerlekar Nitesh , Marwick Thomas H.
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer survivors are reported to be at a heightened risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to shared risk factors, potentially cardiotoxic cancer treatments and premature aging in survivors. Early identification of those who are at greater risk, followed by protective treatment, can prevent CAD progression. However, to date there was a relative paucity of prospective data to optimally guide management of atherosclerotic coronary risk among cancer survivors.

Methods

The REDEEM-CAD (Risk-guidEd DisEasE Management plan to prevent CAD in patients with previous cancer) study is a prospective cohort study conducted in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia aiming to evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive CAD screening strategy. Cancer survivors aged ≥ 40 years with cancer treatment ≥ 5 years prior are eligible for the study. Consented participants will be stratified into low, intermediate or high risk of major atherosclerotic adverse events based on clinical assessment and biochemistry tests. Subsequently, those within the intermediate risk will be referred for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring, with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) completed where CAC > 0 and < 400. Participants with high risk or CAC > 400 will be informed about strategies (including lipid-lowering therapy) to manage asymptomatic CAD. Those with low clinical risk or CAC = 0 will conclude their participation while those with CTCA imaged at baseline will be referred for a follow-up CTCA 2-year post-baseline. The primary endpoint is to identify the prevalence of CAD, identified via CAC scoring, among cancer survivors classified as intermediate risk. Secondary endpoint includes the absolute change in total coronary plaque volume over 24 months among those imaged at baseline and follow-up.

The REDEEM-CAD study will be the first study to systematically evaluate risk of CAD in cancer survivors, and subsequent responsiveness to coronary risk reduction. This will offer valuable insights into the efficacy of the CAD screening strategies among cancer survivors and the impact of treatment on managing plaque progression.

Trial registration

NCT05366153.
Context modulates evidence accumulation in split-second handball penalty decisions
Authors: Weinberg Henrietta , Müller Florian , Cañal-Bruland Rouwen
Published: February 2025

Due to severe time constraints, goalkeepers regularly face the challenging task to make decisions within just a few hundred milliseconds. A key finding of anticipation research is that experts outperform novices by using advanced cues which can be derived from either kinematic or contextual information. Yet, how context modulates decision-making in split-second decisions remains to be determined. Here, we aimed at examining the influence of contextual information on real-time evidence accumulation in split-second decision-making using handball penalty decisions. In Exp. 1 we validated the applicability of hierarchical drift–diffusion modeling (HDDM) for the chosen split-second handball penalty scenario. Following validation, Exp. 2 directly addressed the main aim, namely, to examine how contextual information affects the HDDM parameters drift rate, as the rate of evidence accumulation, and non-decision time, which encompasses perceptual and motor processes. Participants predicted shot direction in temporally occluded videos of handball penalties, with probability (i.e., contextual) information regarding the shot direction being manipulated in half of the trials. Results showed that contextual information systematically affected the drift rate, indicating faster evidence accumulation when context information predicts the subsequent action. Vice versa, incongruent context information resulted in slower evidence accumulation. By contrast, non-decision time was only affected by the mere presence of contextual information (i.e., longer with context information). Our study is the first to show that contextual information modulates evidence accumulation on extremely short timescales in highly time-constrained penalty decisions.
A high offset stem design does not increase stem migration under full weight bearing in cementless total hip arthroplasty: a model-based RSA study
Authors: Reiner Tobias , Sonntag Robert , Kretzer Jan Philippe , Clarius Michael , Jakubowitz Eike , Weiss Stefan , Kinkel Stefan , Walker Tilman , Gotterbarm Tobias , Nees Timo Albert
Published: February 2025

Background

High-offset stems in cementless primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been potentially associated with early aseptic femoral loosening. This study aimed to evaluate the primary and secondary stability of a cementless high-offset femoral component under full weight-bearing conditions using model-based RSA, comparing it with a standard offset stem in patients undergoing THA.

Methods

In this prospective, observational, single-center study, 42 patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis underwent cementless primary THA using either a standard (SL-PLUS Standard) or a high-offset (SL-PLUS Lateral) cementless stem. Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was employed to monitor stem migration at six weeks and three, six, twelve, and twenty-four months. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).

Results

There were no significant differences in mean stem subsidence between the groups at any follow-up interval, indicating comparable primary and secondary stability. After minimal initial subsidence (SL-PLUS Standard: up to −0.54 mm; SL-PLUS Lateral: up to −0.73 mm), no further progressive migration was observed. A significant difference in stem anteversion was noted between the groups at six months (P = 0.021) and two years (P = 0.001). The SL-PLUS Lateral group had significantly better WOMAC scores at the two-year follow-up (P = 0.027).

Conclusions

This RSA study demonstrated similar migration patterns for the high-offset and standard-offset cementless stems within the first two years after operation. Both groups exhibited initial subsidence followed by high secondary stability. Based on the results of this study, the SL-PLUS Lateral is a safe alternative for patients with high femoral offset undergoing cementless THA.
Challenges in the application of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs for children living in Gaza amid ongoing conflict started in October 2023
Authors: Qutishat Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background

The ongoing conflict in Gaza, which escalated on October 7th, 2023, has significantly disrupted children’s ability to fulfill their basic needs, as framed by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This situation exacerbates their vulnerability and mental health challenges.

Main body

This literature review systematically analyzed studies and reports focusing on the conflict’s psychological, emotional, and social impacts on children in Gaza. A comprehensive search of academic databases was conducted using specific keywords, including 15 relevant articles published post-October 2023. The findings highlight critical challenges across all levels of Maslow’s hierarchy. Physiological needs remain unmet due to food insecurity and limited access to healthcare. Safety needs are jeopardized by ongoing violence, leading to increased trauma among children. The breakdown of social structures impairs belongingness and love, while disruptions to education hinder children’s esteem and self-actualization needs.

Conclusion

The multifaceted nature of these challenges underscores the urgent need for a coordinated humanitarian response. Addressing children’s immediate psychological and physical needs is essential for fostering resilience and ensuring their future well-being.
Qualitative application of the diffusion of innovation theory to maternity waiting homes in rural Zambia
Authors: Kaiser Jeanette L. , Fiorillo Rachel M. , Vian Taryn , Ngoma Thandiwe , Kuhfeldt Kayla J. , Munro-Kramer Michelle L. , Hamer Davidson H. , Bwalya Misheck , Sakanga Viviane R. , Lori Jody R. , Ahmed Mdluli Eden , Rockers Peter C. , Biemba Godfrey , Scott Nancy A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Understanding factors affecting adoption of an innovation is critical to its long-term success. Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) increase access to facility-based delivery in low-resourced settings; yet, quality issues deter utilization of this innovative approach. We sought to understand how attributes that are thought to promote diffusion of innovations (e.g., relative advantage, compatibility, observability, complexity, etc.) affected MWH use after implementation of an improved quality MWH model in rural Zambia compared to standard of care.

Methods

We conducted 158 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with randomly selected rural-living women who had delivered a baby in the prior 12 months. Half lived in catchment areas where new quality MWHs were constructed, half in catchment areas with standard of care (ranging from low quality community structures to no MWH). We applied content analysis to identify themes.

Results

Utilization of MWHs was higher among intervention (65.4%) than control women (42.5%). Respondents in both study arms perceived relative advantages to pregnant women staying at MWHs compared to going directly to health facilities when labor begins. MWH stays allowed for clinical staff to routinely check on and educate women, and address complications immediately. Compatibility of the homes with cultural values and needs depended on implementation. While some women from intervention sites complained about overcrowding, women in control sites more often perceived the lack of cleanliness, amenities, and safety as deterrents to utilization. Women at intervention sites received sensitization about MWHs from a wider range of sources, including traditional leaders. Required preparations needed to stay at MWHs (e.g. delivery supplies, food, and childcare) made adoption complex and may have deterred utilization.

Conclusions

The improved MWH model addressed most community concerns around quality. Having opinion leaders who communicate the relative advantage of MWHs to pregnant women and their social networks may facilitate MWH utilization. The complexity of decisions and resources needed to stay at MWHs remains a critical barrier to use. To facilitate equitable adoption of MWHs among the most vulnerable women, planners should explore how to support women during their delivery preparations and MWH stays, particularly regarding food security and lack of social support for childcare.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02620436, Registered 02 December 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02620436?term=NCT02620436&rank=1
A qualitative study of how clinicians reach agreement in perioperative pathway development: the Consensus Model for Standardising Healthcare
Authors: Pagano Lisa , Long Janet C. , Francis-Auton Emilie , Hirschhorn Andrew , Arnolda Gaston , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Sarkies Mitchell N.
Published: February 2025

Background

Variation in perioperative care persists globally. Consensus discussions may facilitate standardisation, yet the processes used to reach agreement are poorly understood. This study aimed to develop a model for conducting local consensus discussions when implementing standardised perioperative pathways. Specifically, we 1) describe how local consensus discussions are operationalised; 2) identify what guides decision making and consensus between clinicians; and 3) formulate explanatory mechanisms and identify determinants that facilitate consensus discussions.

Methods

A qualitative, modified grounded theory study was conducted in one private hospital in metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Thirty-one participants from clinical disciplines and hospital management/leadership were included. Data were collected from nine semi-structured interviews and 16 h of participant observations during consensus development or implementation meetings. Data collection and analysis occurred concurrently until theoretical saturation was achieved. Interviews and field notes were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using coding, constant comparison, detailed memo writing and data interpretation.

Results

Seven individual and contextual factors crucial for building consensus, and eight mechanisms for reaching agreement were identified and integrated into a conceptual model. Seeking evidence to support decision-making emerged as the primary driver of consensus. Strong research evidence in support of a pathway component facilitated swift agreement. Where there was ambiguous evidence for a pathway component, clinicians based their decisions on a desire for professional autonomy, consideration of how their peers practice, patient preferences, practices from external organisations, or the feasibility of implementing the pathway component.

Conclusions

The Consensus Model for Standardising Healthcare provides a map for healthcare organisations seeking to conduct local consensus discussions to reduce variation in care. Our findings advance our understanding of how local consensus discussions are conducted and factors that impact success when standardising care amongst clinicians.
Effect of core stability exercises on upper limb reaching in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abd-Elhameed Nadia Hassan , Kamal Heballah Mohammed , Abbass Mai Elsayed
Published: February 2025

Background

The core stability program is commonly utilized as an intervention method to improve postural control. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of core stability exercises on upper limb reaching in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP). For this purpose, 30 hemiparetic CP children of both sexes were recruited for the study. The children were between the ages of 4 and 6. According to the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the degree of spasticity varied from 1 to 1 + , and for children who were selected, the average Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) ranged from 25 to 42. Children were assigned into two groups at random (study group and control group). The pediatric reach test (PRT) was used to assess each child both before and after two consecutive months of therapy. The children in both groups received the same program of selected physical therapy exercises, but the children in the study group also performed the selected physical therapy program in addition to the core stability exercises.

Results

By comparing the mean values of all assessed variables before and after therapy, both groups improved significantly (p = 0.0001). When comparing post-treatment outcomes, there were significant differences between the control and study groups in all assessed variables (p = 0.0001) in favor of the study group.

Conclusion

Core stability exercises may be used to improve reaching in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.

Trial registration

This study was authorized by the Faculty of Physical Therapy’s ethics committee under the number “REC/012/003125” and registered in ClinicalTrial.gov with the number “NCT05316090” on 9 April 2022 retrospectively.
Mitigating strength loss in mortar due to application delay: quantified impact of additional water and cement
Authors: Mahzuz H. M. A. , Hossain Imran , Lizon Nasir Uddin Ahammed , Nury Ahmad Hasan
Published: February 2025

This study examines how application (i.e., “casting” another widely used term) delays affect the compressive and shear strengths of mortar in masonry constructions. It also explores the impact of adding supplementary materials like water and cement to the mortar. Mortar mixes were prepared using sand with a fineness modulus (FM) of 1.7 for plaster and 1.9 for brick binder, subjected to casting delays ranging from 0 to 4 h. Three physical conditions were utilized as follows: the 1st case—WAAW (without adding additional water); the 2nd case—AAW (adding additional water), maintaining initial mortar flow; and the 3rd case—AAWC (adding additional water and cement), maintaining initial mortar flow and initial mortar strength. In the 1st case, the fall of strength was greater than in the 2nd case. In the 3rd case, the amounts of additional cement and water were quantified to restore the initial strength of the mortar. This quantification can help avoid material loss in construction sites.
Half precision wave simulation
Authors: Gao Longfei , Harms Kevin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, half precision floating-point arithmetic has gained wide support in hardware and software stack thanks to the advance of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. Operating at half precision can significantly reduce the memory footprint comparing to operating at single or double precision. For memory bound applications such as time domain wave simulations, this is an attractive feature. However, the narrower width of the half precision data format can lead to degradation of the solution quality due to larger roundoff errors. In this work, we illustrate with carefully designed numerical experiments the negative impact caused by the accumulation of roundoff errors in wave simulations. Specifically, the energy-conserving property of the wave equations is employed as a convenient diagnosis tool. The corresponding remedy in the form of compensated sum is then provided, with its efficacy demonstrated using numerical examples involving both acoustic and elastic wave equations on hardware that natively support half precision arithmetic.
Inversion algorithm determining sharp boundaries in electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Ishizu Keiichi , Goto Tada-Nori , Fukahata Yukitoshi , Koike Katsuaki , Vachiratienchai Chatchai , Siripunvaraporn Weerachai
Published: February 2025

Blurred resistivity boundaries resulting from smoothness-regularized inversions of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data can lead to inaccurate interpretations of sharp boundary structures. To address this issue, various ERT inversion algorithms have introduced localized adjustments (localized discontinuities) in the regularization operator at positions where sharp boundaries are anticipated. Current approaches rely on prior information about sharp boundary locations, obtained from complementary geophysical, geological, and drilling data, to determine the positions and weights for these regularization adjustments. However, such prior information is frequently insufficient, limiting the application of localized regularization adjustments. Accordingly, we developed a sharp boundary inversion (SBI) algorithm using the Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC) that determines the optimal positions and weights for localized regularization adjustments by testing various configurations and selecting the one that minimizes ABIC. A synthetic modeling study demonstrated that the SBI algorithm correctly delineated the sharp boundaries of a conductor. Its application to field data demonstrated that it delineated the sharp boundaries of a utility tunnel, and the size and horizontal position of the recovered tunnel were consistent with the estimated dimensions from the blueprint. As it does not rely heavily on prior information, the SBI algorithm can be applied to a wide range of geophysical survey data, even when prior knowledge of sharp boundary locations is limited.
Quantitative Identification of Lithofacies by Integrating Diverse Geophysical Data in the Late Holocene False River Point Bar Complex, Louisiana, USA
Authors: Ali Tamer , Lorenzo Juan M. , Clift Peter D. , Brown Alan , Konsoer Kory
Published: February 2025

The False River area of the Mississippi River preserves a Holocene example of a meandering river point bar in a continental-scale system. We predict lithofacies quantitatively, using K-means cluster analysis from a nine-well data set that integrates well-log data (electrical conductivity (EC), corrected pressure and horizontal hydraulic permeability), grain size analyses and 14 defined sediment types. Data were collected from an unconsolidated and water saturated environment down to 90 feet (27.4 m). Because of the low number of grain-size analyses we develop a novel hybrid approach primarily using Generalized Additive Models, which allow us to create a more extensive and accurate data set. Horizontal permeability values calculated from the corrected pressure match those found (80021,000 md) in the analogous Cretaceous-age McMurray Formation. We create six lithofacies clusters ranging from fine-grained near the surface to coarse sand at the base, with a vertical resolution of 0.5 m. Envelope Seismic attribute analysis along two profiles (30 and 52 m-long) validates the lithofacies prediction by using well-log data from a subset of four additional wells. Also, the relationship between the Envelope seismic attribute and permeability helps validate the number of lithofacies at two, tested, well locations. Permeability projected along the Envelope seismic attribute profile, away from the well location, aids in interpretation. Our quantitative lithofacies, well data (EC), and projected permeability maps support an interpretation of a buried remnant, channel-like feature, predating (> 4000 y B.P.) the modern point bar system.
Body-weight Cycling and Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease in People With Type 1 Diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC Population
Authors: Camoin Marion , Mohammedi Kamel , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Hadjadj Samy , Gautier Jean-François , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Venteclef Nicolas , Potier Louis , Velho Gilberto
Published: February 2025

Context

Intraindividual body-weight variability or cycling is associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population.

Objective

We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) studies to assess association between body-weight cycling and the risk of renal events in type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Four indices of intraindividual body-weight variability were calculated for 1432 participants of DCCT/EDIC taking into account body-weight measurements during the DCCT follow-up (6 ± 2 years). Variability independent of the mean (VIM) was the main index. Six criteria of progression to CKD were studied during DCCT/EDIC follow-up (21 ± 4 years). Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed in Cox analyses for 1 SD of the indices expressed as Z-score.

Results

A high VIM was significantly associated with the incidence of a 40% decline in eGFR from baseline values (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.41; P = .001), doubling of baseline serum creatinine (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.57; P = .001), CKD stage 3 (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12-1.63; P = .002), and with a decline in eGFR > 3 mL/min/m2 per year (all analyses adjusted for CKD risk factors at baseline and follow-up, and use of nephroprotective drugs). VIM was also associated with the incidence of moderately and severely increased albuminuria, but associations did not remain significant following adjustment for follow-up covariates. Similar results were observed for the other indices of body-weight cycling.

Conclusion

Body-weight cycling is significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney events in people with type 1 diabetes, regardless of body mass index and traditional risk factors.
Association of Intraoperative Occult Hypoxemia With 30-Day and 1-Year Mortality
Authors: Stannard Blaine , Burnett Garrett W. , Wax David B. , Egorova Natalia N. , Ouyang Yuxia , Pyram-Vincent Chantal , DeMaria Samuel , Levin Matthew A.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Despite the widespread use of pulse oximetry for intraoperative estimation of arterial oxygen saturation, there is growing evidence that certain patient populations may be vulnerable to inaccurate pulse oximetry measurements and that unrecognized hypoxemia is associated with end-organ damage and adverse outcomes. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we sought to better elucidate the relationship between intraoperative occult hypoxemia and postoperative mortality among patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery.

METHODS:

Data were collected from our departmental data warehouse for adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing anesthesia between 2008 and 2019 with at least 1 intraoperative arterial blood gas recorded. The number of occult hypoxemic events, defined as arterial oxygen saturation (Sao
2) of <88% despite oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (Spo
2) >92%, were determined. Mortality data were obtained from the Social Security Death Master File and used to determine 30-day and 1-year postoperative mortality. Propensity score overlap-weighted Firth logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazard modeling were performed to analyze whether at least 1 occult hypoxemic event was predictive of 30-day and 1-year mortality.

RESULTS:

There were 25,234 patients and 62,707 paired readings included in the final analysis. There were 351 patients (1.4%) with at least 1 occult hypoxemic reading. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 3.3% and 1-year mortality rate was 10.2%. In the overlap-weighted models, patients who experienced at least 1 occult hypoxemic event had significantly higher odds of both 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–5.72, P = .002) and 1-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.90, CI, 1.48–2.43, P < .001). There was no significant interaction between occult hypoxemia and self-reported race/ethnicity for predicting mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intraoperative occult hypoxemic events are associated with significantly higher odds of 30-day and 1-year mortality, independent of self-reported race/ethnicity.
Estilos de aprendizagem de estudantes dos cursos de Administração e Secretariado Executivo
Authors: Costa Alan Carlos Franco , Lima Thales Batista de , Santiago Cibelle da Silva
Published: February 2025

O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar os estilos de aprendizagem dos estudantes dos cursos de Administração e Secretariado Executivo Bilíngue da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) balizado pelo inventário ancorado por Kolb (1984). No tocante à metodologia, caracteriza-se como abordagem quantitativa e a análise dos dados por meio da estatística descritiva. Os sujeitos são os estudantes matriculados nos dois últimos períodos dos referidos cursos, em que o universo é de 49 respondentes, e a amostra foi de 34, sendo 20 de administração e 14 de secretariado executivo. Os resultados revelam que o estilo predominante nos estudantes da pesquisa foi o convergente, que é caracterizado pelo pragmatismo no aprendizado. Conclui-se que é importante conhecer os estilos dos estudantes para planejar melhor a ação docente bem como repensar o fomento mais diversificado dos estilos de aprendizagem em sala de aula.
Innovación
Authors: Plata Beatriz E. , Coelho Arnaldo F. Matos , Marques Carla K. de Monteiro , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim
Published: February 2025

La revisión de la gestión en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad nos muestra que se requiere mayor proactividad desde los tomadores de decisiones hacia el logro de soluciones plausibles, eficaces, eficientes y con algún grado de utilidad en la mitigación de las múltiples situaciones problema que se tienen. Los problemas vienen surgiendo con mayor aceleración que las respuestas para su abordaje. [...].
Εκπαιδεύοντας μελλοντικές εκπαιδευτικούς στο παιχνίδι: διαπιστώσεις στο πλαίσιο ενός εργαστηριακού μαθήματος
Authors: Παπαδοπούλου Καλλιρρόη , Σφυρόερα Μαρία , Τσερμίδου Λία
Published: February 2025

Έρευνες σχετικές με την εκπαίδευση μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών έχουν αναδείξει τον σημαντικό ρόλο των αναπαραστάσεων και των προσωπικών τους αντιλήψεων στη διαμόρφωση της επαγγελματικής τους ταυτότητας και των παιδαγωγικών τους πρακτικών. Παράλληλα έχουν αναδείξει τη σύνθετη διαδικασία μετακίνησης των εκπαιδευτικών προς νέες αντιλήψεις και υιοθέτησης διαφοροποιημένων παιδαγωγικών πρακτικών. Ο ρόλος των αναπαραστάσεων και οι δυσκολίες μετακίνησης επιβεβαιώνονται και από έρευνες σχετικά με το παιχνίδι στην προσχολική ηλικία. Αυτό είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό δεδομένου ότι το παιχνίδι θεωρείται κυρίαρχη δραστηριότητα για την ανάπτυξη των παιδιών και τη μάθηση και κατέχει κεντρική θέση στα ΑΠ του Νηπιαγωγείου σε πολλές χώρες. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, μελετήσαμε την εκπαιδευτική εμπειρία μιας ομάδας 16 φοιτητριών ενός τμήματος εκπαίδευσης για την προσχολική ηλικία, οι οποίες συμμετείχαν σε εργαστηριακό μάθημα για το παιχνίδι με βιωματικά χαρακτηριστικά και διαφοροποιημένες εκπαιδευτικές προσεγγίσεις. Για τη διερεύνηση των αντιλήψεων αλλά και των ενδεχόμενων μετακινήσεων στις προσλαμβάνουσες των φοιτητριών για το παιχνίδι, τους ζητήθηκε να συμπληρώσουν ένα ερωτηματολόγιο με κλειστές και ανοιχτές ερωτήσεις, στην αρχή και στο τέλος του μαθήματος. Τα ευρήματα ανέδειξαν περιορισμένες αμφισβητήσεις και μικρές μετακινήσεις στον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι φοιτήτριες ορίζουν το παιχνίδι και τις λειτουργίες του, αλλά και αντιλαμβάνονται τον ρόλο τους ως εκπαιδευτικοί. Τα ευρήματα υπογραμμίζουν ότι η αποδόμηση κυρίαρχων αντιλήψεων για το παιχνίδι όπως η εργαλειακή προσέγγισή του σε τυπικά πλαίσια εκπαίδευσης, η διχοτομική αντίληψη ανάμεσα στο παιχνίδι και τη μάθηση καθώς και η συνειδητοποίηση της σημασίας του ρόλου των εκπαιδευτικών στο παιχνίδι των παιδιών, συνιστά μια πρόκληση στο πλαίσιο της εκπαίδευσης των μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών.
Η απόλαυση του κειμένου: παιχνίδια με το κείμενο και την εικόνα στο μεταμυθοπλαστικό εικονογραφημένο βιβλίο
Authors: Πασχαλίδου Ελένη
Published: February 2025

Το παιδικό βιβλίο σήμερα έχει πολλές και διαφορετικές μορφές, ακολουθώντας τις κοινωνικές και πολιτισμικές αλλαγές γύρω του. Τα τελευταία χρόνια παρατηρείται μία αύξηση εικονογραφημένων βιβλίων με ιδιαίτερα, καινοτόμα χαρακτηριστικά. Κάποια από αυτά έχουν ψηφιακά χαρακτηριστικά και συνδέονται με την τηλεόραση και την κοινωνία της πληροφορίας. Άλλα παρωδούν προηγούμενα έργα, και άλλα θεωρούν την πραγματικότητα ως μια κουλτούρα από ανακυκλωμένες εικόνες. Τα εικονογραφημένα μεταμυθοπλαστικά κείμενα μπορεί να είναι αυτοαναφορικά δηλαδή να αναφέρονται στο ίδιο το κείμενο ως κατασκευή, ή και αυτοσυνειδητά οι χαρακτήρες του βιβλίου να αποκτούν συνείδηση της ύπαρξής τους ως μυθιστορηματικά πρόσωπα και να συνδιαλέγονται με τους αναγνώστες τους. Έχουν έναν υπαινικτικά παρωδιακό τόνο και στόχος τους είναι να υπερβούν τα όρια ανάμεσα στη φαντασία και την πραγματικότητα. Οι συγγραφείς και εικονογράφοι χρησιμοποιούν τεχνικές, όπως η μετάληψη και η διακειμενικότητα, εκμεταλλεύονται την υλικότητα του βιβλίου και χρησιμοποιούν το design με τέτοιους τρόπους που βάζουν τον αναγνώστη στη θέση του παίκτη και μετατρέπουν την ανάγνωση σε λογοτεχνικό παιχνίδι που εξερευνά τους κανόνες της αφήγησης.
Nefopam HCl in situ mucoadhesive liquid suppository, a potential drug delivery system to enhance bioavailability
Authors: Ahmed Haydar Mahmood , Jaafar Iman Sabah
Published: February 2025

Background Nefopam hydrochloride (NPH) is a non-narcotic analgesic that is severely affected by its extensive hepatic metabolism resulting in low oral bioavailability. This study aimed to develop NPH thermosensitive in situ gel to enhance its bioavailability by avoidance of first pass effect through rectal administration. Methods A cold method was employed to develop NPH thermosensitive rectal in situ gel utilizing various concentrations of poloxamer 407 (P 407) and poloxamer 188 (P188) alone or in mixture as thermosensitive polymers and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M (HPMCK4M) as well as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as mucoadhesive polymers. The achieved formulas were assessed for various in vitro constraints including: solution-gel temperature, gelation time, appearance, pH, gel strength, viscosity, in vitro drug release study. Furthermore, the optimized formula was evaluated for in vivo localization and permeability. Results The obtained outcomes demonstrated a direct correlation between solution-gelation temperatures and poloxamer 188 concentration as well as an inverse correlation with the concentration of both P407 and HPMCK4M. A direct correlation was perceived between the mucoadhesive forces and viscosity with HPMCK4M concentration. Additionally, an inverse correlation was observed between NPH released with HPMCK4M concentration. The optimal NPH gel formula (F8) (18% P407/2% P188 and 0.6%) presented a compatible pH value (7.2±0.35), an acceptable sol-gel T (35.4 °C), gel strength (39.54 ± 0.803), a mucoadhesion force of 6340.6 dyne/cm2 and sustained drug release of 85% at 8 hrs. Additionally it showed sufficient localization and a permeation flux of 0.0398 mg/cm2/h, and apparent permeability (Papp) of 1.99*10−3. Conclusions It was concluded that this drug delivery system may serve as a promising alternative to other dosage forms containing NPH, owing to avoidance of first-pass metabolism, enhanced bioavailability, non-invasiveness, and reduced adverse effects associated with other forms.
What aspects of magnetic resonance imaging reports of the lumbo-sacral spine do general practitioners find the most useful? A scoping review
Authors: Jayesinghe Ryan , Shields William , Redmond Patrick
Published: February 2025

Background Lower back pain is among the most common causes of GP, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine (LSS) may be required for diagnostic purposes. Previous studies have confirmed dissatisfaction among GPs with the interpretability of radiology reports. Investigating aspects of MRI LSS reports that GPs find most useful will improve communication and, ultimately, patient care. Objectives To identify and describe the available research on the aspects of MRI LSS reports, GPs find the most useful. Methods A scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Systematic searches were performed on MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 2022. Data from the included articles were charted and a narrative synthesis produced key themes. Results Twelve studies were included in the present review. Key themes identified as valuable aspects of MRI LSS reports for GPs included content, language, appropriate use of technical information, and provision of additional information. Additional findings of interest concerned radiologist training and technological aid for inter-professional communication. Conclusion Our findings suggest that GPs favour MRI LSS reports that are concise and clearly answer the clinical question using standardized language and include comments on the significance of observations. Future quality improvement initiatives should consider incorporating the individual themes identified when developing guidance for radiologists when compiling MRI LSS reports for GPs.
German and Spanish rhythmic accents in Russian three-ictus dolnik
Authors: Polilova Vera
Published: February 2025

This article presents a comparative rhythmic analysis of two types of Russian three-ictus dolnik: a heterosyllabic variant used as an equivalent of the German three-stress meter and an isosyllabic variant (7M/8F/9D) used as an equivalent of the Spanish octosyllabic meter. The corpus under examination is divided into two subcorpora. Subcorpus A consists of translations of Heinrich Heine’s poems, comprising 732 lines from 51 translations by twelve Russian translators, published between 1911 and 2003. Subcorpus B consists of translations of Federico García Lorca’s and Spanish folk romances, comprising 1,006 lines from 17 translations by six Russian translators, published between 1940 and 1991. The main questions addressed are: 1) How do the rhythmic characteristics of three-ictus dolnik differ in translations from German and Spanish? 2) Is the translated dolnik rhythmically different from the original Russian dolnik? 3) If so, can these differences be attributed to the influence of foreign verse? 4) How did the canonization of dolnik in mid-twentieth-century Russian poetry influence its use in translations? 5) How do isotonic and isosyllabic factors interact within the dolnik rhythm? To answer these questions, the article outlines the structure of dolnik and its role in Russian versification. It provides a historical overview of how different variants of the meter have been used in translations and then proceeds to a detailed rhythmic analysis (including stressing, length of inter-ictic intervals, syllabic length, and the proportion of different line types) of the variants in question. The results of the rhythmic analysis demonstrate how translators’ strategies differ and evolve over time, revealing the specific properties of each subcorpus, their differences from each other, and their divergences from the original twentieth-century Russian dolnik. The findings underscore the flexibility of metrical forms and their broad potential for rhythmic imitation of foreign verse. The article also shows that the canonization of experimental meters in the original poetic tradition facilitates the canonization of these meters in translated poetry, which gradually diverges from foreign prototypes.