bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating noninterfering versions of programs
Authors: Horwitz Susan , Prins Jan , Reps Thomas
Published: October 2002

The need to integrate several versions of a program into a common one arises frequently, but it is a tedious and time consuming task to integrate programs by hand. To date, the only available tools for assisting with program integration are variants of
text-based
differential file comparators; these are of limited utility because one has no guarantees about how the program that is the product of an integration behaves compared to the programs that were integrated.

This paper concerns the design of a
semantics-based
tool for automatically integrating program versions. The main contribution of the paper is an algorithm that takes as input three programs
A
,
B
, and
Base
, where
A
and
B
are two variants of
Base
. Whenever the changes made to
Base
to create
A
and
B
do not “interfere” (in a sense defined in the paper), the algorithm produces a program
M
that integrates
A
and
B
. The algorithm is predicated on the assumption that differences in the
behavior
of the variant programs from that of
Base
, rather than differences in the
text
, are significant and must be preserved in
M
. Although it is undecidable whether a program modification actually leads to such a difference, it is possible to determine a safe approximation by comparing each of the variants with
Base
. To determine this information, the integration algorithm employs a program representation that is similar (although not identical) to the
dependence graphs
that have been used previously in vectorizing and parallelizing compilers. The algorithm also makes use of the notion of a
program slice
to find just those statements of a program that determine the values of potentially affected variables.

The program-integration problem has not been formalized previously. It should be noted, however, that the integration problem examined here is a greatly simplified one; in particular, we assume that expressions contain only scalar variables and constants, and that the only statements used in programs are assignment statements, conditional statements, and while-loops.
Transcriptional and Translational Control in the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Harding Heather P. , Calfon Marcella , Urano Fumihiko , Novoa Isabel , Ron David
Published: October 2002

▪ Abstract  Cells monitor the physiological load placed on their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and respond to perturbations in ER function by a process known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). In metazoans the UPR has a transcriptional component that up-regulates expression of genes that enhance the capacity of the organelle to deal with the load of client proteins and a translational component that insures tight coupling between protein biosynthesis on the cytoplasmic side and folding in the ER lumen. Together, these two components adapt the secretory apparatus to physiological load and protect cells from the consequences of protein malfolding.
Chromosome-Microtubule Interactions During Mitosis
Authors: McIntosh J. Richard , Grishchuk Ekaterina L. , West Robert R.
Published: October 2002

▪ Abstract  Spindle microtubules interact with mitotic chromosomes, binding to their kinetochores to generate forces that are important for accurate chromosome segregation. Motor enzymes localized both at kinetochores and spindle poles help to form the biologically significant attachments between spindle fibers and their cargo, but microtubule-associated proteins without motor activity contribute to these junctions in important ways. This review examines the molecules necessary for chromosome-microtubule interaction in a range of well-studied organisms, using biological diversity to identify the factors that are essential for organized chromosome movement. We conclude that microtubule dynamics and the proteins that control them are likely to be more important for mitosis than the current enthusiasm for motor enzymes would suggest.
Angiogenesis by Implantation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Platelets Into Ischemic Limbs
Authors: Iba Osamu , Matsubara Hiroaki , Nozawa Yoshihisa , Fujiyama Soichiro , Amano Katsuya , Mori Yasukiyo , Kojima Hiroyuki , Iwasaka Toshiji
Published: October 2002

Background—

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) contain various angiogenic factors and cytokines.

Methods and Results—

Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was surgically induced in athymic nude rats, and fluorescence-labeled human blood cells (PBMNCs [10
7
cells]+platelets [10
9
] or PBMNCs [10
7
]+platelets [10
9
]+PMNs [10
7
]) were intramuscularly implanted into the ischemic limbs. Laser Doppler imaging revealed markedly increased blood perfusion in PBMNC+platelet-implanted limbs (44% increase,
P
<0.001) compared with control implantation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells. The addition of PMNs to PBMNCs+platelets attenuated blood perfusion (27% decrease,
P
<0.01). Neocapillary densities were increased by implantation of PBMNCs+platelets or platelets alone (3.5-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively;
P
<0.001), whereas PMNs inhibited (32%,
P
<0.05) PBMNC+ platelet-mediated capillary formation. There was no incorporation of implanted PBMNCs into neocapillaries, whereas PBMNCs and platelets accumulated around arterioles after implantation. Cellular extract from PBMNCs+platelets, in which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AB, and transforming growth factor-β were detected, markedly stimulated tubule formation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells. Anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody markedly inhibited tubule formation and in vivo vessel formation. Neutrophil elastase inhibitor blocked the antiangiogenic action of PMNs, whereas inhibitors of oxygen metabolites had no effect.

Conclusions—

This study demonstrated that implantation of PBMNCs and platelets into ischemic limbs effectively induces collateral vessel formation by supplying angiogenic factors (mainly VEGF) and cytokines, suggesting that this cell therapy is useful as a novel strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis.
The King is a Thing: Bodies of Memory in the Age of Reagan
Authors: Raphael Tim
Published: October 2002

As president, Ronald Reagan was the performing effigy of himself as the Hollywood actor—the sovereign/president reconstituted as the actor/president.
Killing Time
Authors: Bertman Stephen
Published: October 2002

The ancient Greek god who symbolized time was Chronos, spelled with the letter chi, or "ch." Greek mythology also tells of another god named Kronos, spelled with a kappa, or "k." The similarity in the sound of gods' names paralleled a similarity in their natures: both were primordial deities, and both were all-devouring. Kronos, in particular, was said to have castrated his father to gain power and to have swallowed his children to retain it. Due to the electronic speed-up of contemporary life, Time (Chronos) is increasingly coming to resemble Kronos in its actions and effects. By distancing us from the past, it is emasculating our sense of history.By accelerating our behavior, it is swallowing our very humanity.
Landing Gear Aerodynamic Noise Prediction Using Unstructured Grids
Authors: Souliez F.J. , Long L.N. , Morris P.J. , Sharma A.
Published: October 2002

Aerodynamic noise from a landing gear in a uniform flow is computed using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation. The time accurate flow data on the integration surface is obtained using a finite volume low-order flow solver on an unstructured grid. The Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation is solved using surface integrals over the landing gear surface and over a permeable surface away from the landing gear. Two geometric configurations are tested in order to assess the impact of two lateral struts on the sound level and directivity in the far-field. Predictions from the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings code are compared with direct calculations by the flow solver at several observer locations inside the computational domain. The permeable Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings surface predictions match those of the flow solver in the near-field. Far-field noise calculations coincide for both integration surfaces. The increase in drag observed between the two landing gear configurations is reflected in the sound pressure level and directivity mainly in the streamwise direction.
Social Risk and Dialysis Facility Performance in the First Year of the ESRD Treatment Choices Model
Authors: Koukounas Kalli G. , Thorsness Rebecca , Patzer Rachel E. , Wilk Adam S. , Drewry Kelsey M. , Mehrotra Rajnish , Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz , Meyers David J. , Kim Daeho , Trivedi Amal N.
Published: January 2024

Importance

The End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) model randomly selected 30% of US dialysis facilities to receive financial incentives based on their use of home dialysis, kidney transplant waitlisting, or transplant receipt. Facilities that disproportionately serve populations with high social risk have a lower use of home dialysis and kidney transplant raising concerns that these sites may fare poorly in the payment model.

Objective

To examine first-year ETC model performance scores and financial penalties across dialysis facilities, stratified by their incident patients’ social risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional study of 2191 US dialysis facilities that participated in the ETC model from January 1 through December 31, 2021.

Exposure

Composition of incident patient population, characterized by the proportion of patients who were non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, living in a highly disadvantaged neighborhood, uninsured, or covered by Medicaid at dialysis initiation. A facility-level composite social risk score assessed whether each facility was in the highest quintile of having 0, 1, or at least 2 of these characteristics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Use of home dialysis, waitlisting, or transplant; model performance score; and financial penalization.

Results

Using data from 125 984 incident patients (median age, 65 years [IQR, 54-74]; 41.8% female; 28.6% Black; 11.7% Hispanic), 1071 dialysis facilities (48.9%) had no social risk features, and 491 (22.4%) had 2 or more. In the first year of the ETC model, compared with those with no social risk features, dialysis facilities with 2 or more had lower mean performance scores (3.4 vs 3.6, P = .002) and lower use of home dialysis (14.1% vs 16.0%, P < .001). These facilities had higher receipt of financial penalties (18.5% vs 11.5%, P < .001), more frequently had the highest payment cut of 5% (2.4% vs 0.7%; P = .003), and were less likely to achieve the highest bonus of 4% (0% vs 2.7%; P < .001). Compared with all other facilities, those in the highest quintile of treating uninsured patients or those covered by Medicaid experienced more financial penalties (17.4% vs 12.9%, P = .01) as did those in the highest quintile in the proportion of patients who were Black (18.5% vs 12.6%, P = .001).

Conclusions

In the first year of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ ETC model, dialysis facilities serving higher proportions of patients with social risk features had lower performance scores and experienced markedly higher receipt of financial penalties.
Robotic Conformal Material Extrusion 3D Printing for Appending Structures on Unstructured Surfaces
Authors: Armstrong Connor David , Montgomery Stuart Macrae , Yue Liang , Demoly Frédéric , Zhou Kun , Qi H. Jerry
Published: January 2024

Fabrication of structures in unstructured conditions is a promising area of bolstering the application spaces of additive manufacturing (AM). One emerging application is appending structures on existing ones that may have nonplanar surfaces in unconventional orientations. However, extrusion‐based AM techniques are limited to printing on structured, planar environments with a fixed single‐nozzle direction. Herein, the authors present a dexterous conformal material extrusion printing method using a six‐axis robotic arm capable of constructing complex parts onto highly unstructured surfaces with rough topographies. The manufacturing method employs a custom algorithm that generates layers consisting of 3D spatial coordinates of print path as well as the extrusion nozzle oriented in the normal direction of the substrate, thereby enabling conformal motion of the extrusion nozzle to the unstructured surface. The capabilities of the surface‐informed robotic conformal 3D printing method to fabricate structures on surfaces with a variety of topographies in unconventional orientations are demonstrated. Finally, via addition of deposited conductive paths, a high‐strength, functional reinforcement capable of in situ deformation monitoring is appended. This work has the potential for reconstructing, repairing, and reinforcing existing structures in human‐limited or inaccessible spaces. Integration of functional elements can also enable in situ sensing, monitoring, and self‐diagnosis.
Prevalent occupational exposures and risk of lung cancer among women: Results from the application of the Canadian Job‐Exposure Matrix (CANJEM) to a combined set of ten case–control studies
Authors: Xu Mengting , Ho Vikki , Lavoué Jérôme , Olsson Ann , Schüz Joachim , Richardson Lesley , Parent Marie‐Elise , McLaughlin John R. , Demers Paul A. , Guénel Pascal , Radoi Loredana , Wichmann Heinz‐Erich , Ahrens Wolfgang , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Consonni Dario , Landi Maria T. , Richiardi Lorenzo , Simonato Lorenzo , 't' Mannetje Andrea , Świątkowska Beata , Field John K. , Pearce Neil , Siemiatycki Jack
Published: January 2024

Background

Worldwide, lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The present study explored associations between occupational exposures that are prevalent among women, and lung cancer.

Methods

Data from 10 case–control studies of lung cancer from Europe, Canada, and New Zealand conducted between 1988 and 2008 were combined. Lifetime occupational history and information on nonoccupational factors including smoking were available for 3040 incident lung cancer cases and 4187 controls. We linked each reported job to the Canadian Job‐Exposure Matrix (CANJEM), which provided estimates of probability, intensity, and frequency of exposure to each selected agent in each job. For this analysis, we selected 15 agents (cleaning agents, biocides, cotton dust, synthetic fibers, formaldehyde, cooking fumes, organic solvents, cellulose, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum, ammonia, metallic dust, alkanes C18+, iron compounds, isopropanol, and calcium carbonate) that had lifetime exposure prevalence of at least 5% in the combined study population. For each agent, we estimated lung cancer risk in each study center for ever‐exposure, by duration of exposure, and by cumulative exposure, using separate logistic regression models adjusted for smoking and other covariates. We then estimated the meta‐odds ratios using random‐effects meta‐analysis.

Results and Conclusions

None of the agents assessed showed consistent and compelling associations with lung cancer among women. The following agents showed elevated odds ratio in some analyses: metallic dust, iron compounds, isopropanol, and organic solvents. Future research into occupational lung cancer risk factors among women should prioritize these agents.
Phase Control and Singlet Energy Transfer Enabled by Trimethylamine Modified Boron Dipyrromethene for Stable CsPbBr3 Quantum Wells
Authors: Liu Jinli , Ma Qian , Li Ruicong , Tang Yu , Liu Jiacheng , Feng Xiaoxia
Published: January 2024

The phase distribution and organic spacer cations play pivotal roles in determining the emission performance and stability of perovskite quantum wells (QWs). Here, we propose a universal molecular regulation strategy to tailor phase distribution and enhance the stability of CsPbBr3 QWs. The capability of sterically hindered ligands with formidable surface binding groups is underscored in directing CsPbBr3 growth and refining phase distribution. With trimethylamine modified boron dipyrromethene (BDP‐TMA) ligand as a representative, the BDP‐TMA driven can precisely control phase distribution and passivate defects of CsPbBr3. Notably, BDP‐TMA acts as a co‐spacer organic entity in obtained BDP‐TMA‐CsPbBr3, facilitating efficient singlet energy transfer and tailoring the luminescence to produce a distinctive bluish‐white emission. The BDP‐TMA‐CsPbBr3 demonstrates significant phase stability under water exposure, light irradiation, and moderate temperature. Interestingly, BDP‐TMA‐CsPbBr3 exhibits the thermally‐induced dynamic fluorescence control at elevated temperatures, which can be achieved feasible for advanced information encryption. This discovery paves the way for the exploration of perovskite QWs in applications like temperature sensing, anti‐counterfeiting, and other advanced optical smart technologies.
On‐Surface Synthesis and Determination of the Open‐Shell Singlet Ground State of Tridecacene**
Authors: Zuzak Rafal , Kumar Manish , Stoica Otilia , Soler‐Polo Diego , Brabec Jiri , Pernal Katarzyna , Veis Libor , Blieck Remi , Echavarren Antonio M. , Jelinek Pavel , Godlewski Szymon
Published: January 2024

The character of the electronic structure of acenes has been the subject of longstanding discussion. However, convincing experimental evidence of their open‐shell character has so far been missing. Here, we present the on‐surface synthesis of tridecacene molecules by thermal annealing of octahydrotridecacene on a Au(111) surface. We characterized the electronic structure of the tridecacene by scanning probe microscopy, which reveals the presence of an inelastic signal at 126 meV. We attribute the inelastic signal to spin excitation from the singlet diradical ground state to the triplet excited state. To rationalize the experimental findings, we carried out many‐body ab initio calculations as well as model Hamiltonians to take into account the effect of the metallic substrate. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis of how the dynamic electron correlation and virtual charge fluctuation between the molecule and metallic surface reduces the singlet‐triplet band gap. Thus, this work provides the first experimental confirmation of the magnetic character of tridecacene.
Effect of BN or B4C content on physical and tribological properties of copper‐clad laminates reinforced with carbon fiber and epoxy resin
Authors: Sang Xiong , Liang Dong
Published: January 2024

Plasma treatment was used to improve the surface roughness of copper foil. The copper‐clad laminates reinforced with carbon fiber, boron nitride (BN), or boron carbide (B4C), and epoxy resin were prepared by hot pressing. The effect of BN or B4C content on the physical properties and tribological properties of copper‐clad laminates reinforced with carbon fiber and epoxy resin were studied. The resulting copper‐clad laminate exhibited desirable properties, such as dielectric constant, peel strength, oxygen index, and arc resistance, which were influenced by the concentration of BN or B4C particles. Additionally, the wear and friction properties of the laminate were evaluated, revealing the effects of load, sliding speed, and particle content on weight loss, specific wear rate, and coefficient of friction. SEM analysis of worn surfaces provided insight into the stages of wear, highlighting the importance of an oxide layer in reducing wear and protecting the copper surface.
Preparation of luminescent polyethylene plastic composite nano‐reinforced with glass fibers
Authors: El‐Newehy Mohamed H. , Thamer Badr M. , Abdulhameed Meera Moydeen
Published: January 2024

Electrospun glass nanofibers (EGNFs) were prepared to reinforce polyethylene (PE) plastic waste towards the development of photochromic anti‐counterfeiting patterns and long‐persistent photoluminescent materials, such as smart windows and concrete. By physical integration of lanthanide‐doped aluminate (LdA) nanoparticles (NPs) into polyethylene plastic reinforced with EGNFs, a transparent lanthanide‐doped aluminate nanoparticles (LdANPs)/EGNFs@PE sheet was produced. The colorless EGNFs@PE hybrids became green under ultraviolet (UV) rays and greenish‐yellow in a darkened room as proved by CIE Lab and photoluminescence analysis. In the luminescent LdANPs/EGNFs@PE hybrids, the identified photochromism was promptly reversed at low concentrations of LdANPs to designate fluorescence emission. Photoluminescence was maintained with slow reversibility for the high phosphor concentrations to designate afterglow emission. LdANPs exhibit diameters of 5–12 nm, whereas glass nanofibers have diameters of 70–120 nm. The morphologies of LdANPs/EGNFs@PE substrates were studied by energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The mechanical properties of the prepared polyethylene plastic were enhanced by reinforcement with glass nanofibers as a roughening agent. The photoluminescent substrates showed markedly improved scratch resistance in comparison to LdANPs‐free EGNFs@PE substrate. The obtained luminescence spectra displayed an emission band at 519 nm upon excitation at 365 nm. The results demonstrated that the luminous plastic has improved hydrophobicity and UV shielding upon increasing the LdANPs content.
Mimicking CHO large‐scale effects in the single multicompartment bioreactor: A new approach to access scale‐up behavior
Authors: Gaugler Lena , Hofmann Sebastian , Schlüter Michael , Takors Ralf
Published: January 2024

During the scale‐up of biopharmaceutical production processes, insufficiently predictable performance losses may occur alongside gradients and heterogeneities. To overcome such performance losses, tools are required to explain, predict, and ultimately prohibit inconsistencies between laboratory and commercial scale. In this work, we performed CHO fed‐batch cultivations in the single multicompartment bioreactor (SMCB), a new scale‐down reactor system that offers new access to study large‐scale heterogeneities in mammalian cell cultures. At volumetric power inputs of 20.4–1.5 W m−3, large‐scale characteristics like long mixing times and dissolved oxygen (DO) heterogeneities were mimicked in the SMCB. Compared to a reference bioreactor (REFB) set‐up, the conditions in the SMCB provoked an increase in lactate accumulation of up to 87%, an increased glucose uptake, and reduced viable cell concentrations in the stationary phase. All are characteristic for large‐scale performance. The unique possibility to distinguish between the effects of changing power inputs and observed heterogeneities provided new insights into the potential reasons for altered product quality attributes. Apparently, the degree of galactosylation in the evaluated glycan patterns changed primarily due to the different power inputs rather than the provoked heterogeneities. The SMCB system could serve as a potent tool to provide new insights into scale‐up behavior and to predict cell line‐specific drawbacks at an early stage of process development.
Effect of vinegar steaming on the composition and structure of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide and its anti‐colitis activity
Authors: Guo Zhi‐jun , Zhang Wei , Xu Jin‐guo , Li Xiao‐man , Zhang Jiu‐ba , Li Yu , Ji De , Li Lin , Huang Wei , Su Lian‐lin
Published: January 2024

In this study, infrared spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) technology were applied to systematically explain the Schisandra chinensis’s polysaccharide transformation in configuration, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and anti‐ulcerative colitis (UC) activity after vinegar processing. Scanning electron microscopic results showed that the appearance of S. chinensis polysaccharide changed significantly after steaming with vinegar. The MALDI‐TOF‐MS results showed that the mass spectra of raw S. chinensis polysaccharides (RSCP) were slightly lower than those of vinegar‐processed S. chinensis polysaccharides (VSCP). The RSCP showed higher peaks at m/z 1350.790, 2016.796, and 2665.985, all with left‐skewed distribution, and the molecular weights were concentrated in the range of 1300–3100, with no higher peak above m/z 5000. The VSCPs showed a whole band below m/z 3000, with m/z 1021.096 being the highest peak, and the intensity decreased with the increase of m/z. In addition, compared to RSCPs, VSCPs can significantly increase the content of intestinal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study showed that the apparent morphology and molecular weight of S. chinensis’s polysaccharides significantly changed after steaming with vinegar. These changes directly affect its anti‐UC effect significantly, and its mechanism is closely related to improving the structure and diversity of gut microbiota and SCFA metabolism.
Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Delphinium liangshanense
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhao Yi‐Dan , Zhong He‐Yang , Chen Si‐Yang , Huang Shuai , Chen Lin , Zhou Xian‐Li
Published: January 2024

Two new C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids of the lycoctonine‐type (liangshanine A and liangshanine B) and nineteen known compounds (3‐21) were isolated from the whole plant of Delphinium liangshanense W. T. Wang, and all the compounds were identified by different spectroscopic analyses, such as IR, HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR. All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time and tested for the anti‐proliferation effects on MH7 A and SF9 cells to figure their anti‐rheumatoid arthritis and anti‐insect activity, but none of them showed remarkable activity.
Ventilation failure after endotracheal intubation in an infant with abdominal compartment syndrome: A case report
Authors: Fu Yifan , Luo Zhen
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Intra‐abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are distinct clinical stages of pathology caused by increased intra‐abdominal pressure, which may lead to respiratory and circulatory dysfunction in children and is associated with high pediatric mortality. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was planned for an infant with ACS. After induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, the patient developed ventilation failure and any management was ineffective. Ventilation was resumed after a race against time abdominal decompression by the surgical team. Abdominal decompression is the primary treatment to relieve respiratory and circulatory failure in children with ACS.
Airway management in a two‐year‐old child with a tongue tumor using video laryngoscope‐assisted flexible bronchoscopic nasotracheal intubation (hybrid technique)
Authors: Senger Anne‐Sophie , Irouschek Andrea , Weber Manuel , Lutz Rainer , Rompel Oliver , Kesting Marco , Schmidt Joachim
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Airway management in children can be challenging. A hybrid technique using a video laryngoscope‐assisted flexible bronchoscopic nasotracheal intubation allowed a successful airway management in a two‐year‐old child with a large tongue tumor.
Anterior cervical osteotomy of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis lesions with computer‐assisted navigation surgery: A case report
Authors: Avrumova Fedan , Goldman Samuel N. , Altorfer Franziska , Paschal Gregory K. , Lebl Darren R.
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) involves spine ligament ossification. Computer‐assisted navigation (CAN) effectively aids complex surgeries, such as anterior cervical osteotomy, to alleviate progressive DISH‐related dysphagia.

We describe a 68‐year‐old man with sudden onset dysphagia to both solids and liquids. Radiographic Imaging revealed DISH lesions from C2 down to the thoracic spine. The patient was successfully treated with CAN anterior osteotomy and resection of DISH lesions from C3–C6 and had complete symptom relief within 2 weeks post‐operatively.
Clinical experience of late presentation and major limb complication of Snake bite: A case report and review
Authors: Iyow Sowdo Nur , Turfan Selim , Osman Yahye Abdulkadir , Cetin Ahmet Huzeyfe , Osman Yusuf Jama , Mohamud Mohamed Farah Yusuf
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Snakebite is a significant global public health concern. Venomous snake bites can lead to various life‐threatening clinical conditions that affect different bodily systems. These include the nervous system (neurotoxicity), musculoskeletal system (myotoxicity), cardiovascular system (cardiotoxicity), and blood clotting mechanisms (haemotoxicity). Here, we report a 5‐year‐old boy who was bitten by a snake and presented to the Emergency department with complaints of significant infection, necrosis, and gangrene affecting the three fingers of his right hand. After clinical evaluation and investigations, the patient underwent surgical intervention. The patient was discharged from the hospital after 5 weeks of admission with advice to follow up with a primary care physician and physical rehabilitation therapy to ensure the optimal healing and functionality of the affected hand.
A rare case report of coexisting rheumatic heart disease and systemic lupus erythematous
Authors: Dhungana Sanjay , Pandey Abhishek , Aryal Nijita , Kayastha Kshitiz , Pandey Santosh , Thakur Mukunda
Published: January 2024

This case report discusses the rare coexistence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) in a 46‐year‐old female patient, challenging the conventional understanding of their distinct presentations. The patient exhibited migratory joint pains, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Diagnostic investigations confirmed SLE based on EULAR/ACR criteria, with positive anti‐nuclear and anti‐dsDNA antibodies. Concurrently, transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe mitral stenosis and regurgitation, leading to the diagnosis of RHD. The patient underwent successful open‐heart surgery with mitral valve replacement. The discussion explores the rarity of this coexistence, emphasizing the need for cautious consideration and further research into potential immunological overlaps between SLE and RHD. The report concludes with a call for comprehensive studies to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology connecting these two conditions.
Energy Transfer on Cytoskeleton of Red Blood Cell Ghosts and their Efficiency Control by KCl Concentration‐induced Cell Shrinkage
Authors: Hiroe Haruka , Kawamoto Masashi , Imamura Hiroshi , Koshiyama Tomomi
Published: January 2024

Lipid bilayer membranes such as liposomes have been utilized as platforms for bioinspired artificial photosynthesis. Embedding functional compounds, including chromophores and catalysts, into two‐dimensional lipid membranes allows their high local concentration and proximity, resulting in enhanced reactivity compared to that of homogeneous solutions. The control of photoreactions by the physical and chemical properties of membranes, such as fluidity and phase separation, has also been well studied in recent years. In contrast, it remains difficult to control chemical reactions via dynamic membrane deformation. Here, we report on the control of excitation energy transfer using red blood cell ghosts (RBCGs) as scaffolds, relying on their asymmetric lipid membranes and inherent and unique deformability. RBCGs, in which donor and acceptor molecules were chemically conjugated to a two‐dimensional cytoskeleton located beneath the inner membrane, exhibited energy transfer, and their efficiency varied depending on the amount and ratio of donor and acceptor modifications, as confirmed by experimental and theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the KCl concentration‐induced RBCG shrinkage enhanced the energy transfer efficiency. Our proposed method is expected to facilitate the construction of photoreaction systems that can be controlled via membrane deformation.
Assessing the Role of BN‐Embedding Position in B2N2‐Perylenes
Authors: Zeng Jing‐Cai , Zhao Kexiang , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Zhuang Fang‐Dong , Ding Li , Yao Ze‐Fan , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: January 2024

Incorporating heteroatoms can effectively modulate the molecular optoelectronic properties. However, the fundamental understanding of BN doping effects in BN‐embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is underexplored, lacking rational guidelines to modulate the electronic structures through BN units for advanced materials. Herein, a concise synthesis of novel B2N2‐perylenes with BN doped at the bay area is achieved to systematically explore the doping effect of BN position on the photophysical properties of PAHs. The shift of BN position in B2N2‐perylenes alters the π electron conjugation, aromaticity and molecular rigidness significantly, achieving substantially higher electron transition abilities than those with BN doped in the nodal plane. It is further clarified that BN position dominates the photophysical properties over BN orientation. The revealed guideline here may apply generally to novel BN‐PAHs, and aid the advancement of BN‐PAHs with highly‐emissive performance.
An isolated high step‐down DC–DC converter with dual coupled inductors for ultracapacitor charger applications
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Huang Guan‐Yu , Hsiung Hsin‐Yuan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an isolated high efficiency, high step‐down DC–DC converter for ultracapacitor charger applications is presented. In the proposed converter, by utilizing the structure of asymmetrical half‐bridge that combined the current‐doubler synchronous rectifier and the technique of coupled inductors to achieve high step‐down. The step‐down conversion ratio of the proposed converter can be increased by decreasing the turns ratios of transformer and coupled inductors. In contrast to the conventional full‐bridge or half‐bridge converter, the proposed converter can operate in a high step‐down situation; the extreme low duty and turns ratios are not necessary. The theoretical results are verified by experimental results, in the case of 380 V input voltage and 14.6 V output voltage with rated power 1 kW. In addition, the 250F ultracapacitor charged by prototype of the proposed converter from 0 to 14.6 V in 1 min verified its feasibility.
Influence of ZnO morphology on the capability of portable paper‐based electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine therapeutic drugs in complex matrices
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Yajie , Li Yun , Zhang Zhiming , Zuo Qianqian , Zheng Yajun , Zhang Zhiping
Published: January 2024

Adsorbents play a significant role in enhancing the analytical sensitivity of target analytes in complex samples by mitigating matrix effects. In our recent report, ZnO stood out among various adsorbents to determine target therapeutic drugs in complex biological matrices when applied for portable paper‐based electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PPESI‐MS). However, the influence of the morphology of ZnO on the performance of PPESI‐MS is elusive. Herein, different morphologies of ZnO particles were prepared via co‐precipitation or ultrasonic methods, and their capability to determine different therapeutic drugs in serum were systemically investigated. The results demonstrated that flower‐shaped ZnO gave a superior capacity, and its analysis sensitivity was 2.9–12.8‐fold higher than those achieved with other ZnO morphologies. Further characterization revealed that the unique performance of flower‐shaped ZnO was closely associated with its favorable desorption behavior to drugs, small spray plume, and few spray emitters at the tip of coated paper substrate. To illustrate the potential of flower‐shaped ZnO, its coated paper was used as a substrate for the determination of various drugs in complex matrices such as serum, and a limit of detection as low as 2 pg mL−1 was achieved. The corresponding recoveries ranged from 93.2% to 107.2%. The developed protocol is promising in high‐sensitivity analysis of target drugs in complex sample matrices.
Affective processes underlying restrictive eating in atypical anorexia nervosa: Comparisons to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Biçaker Ege , Trolio Vittoria , Miller Alexia E. , Zhu Lisa Y. , White Chloe , Racine Sarah E.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Certain symptom and risk/maintenance factor similarities between individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) and ‘typical’ AN have been documented, but few studies have investigated how atypical AN compares to bulimia nervosa (BN). Further, the role of affective mechanisms in maintaining restrictive eating in atypical AN has not been examined. The current study investigated whether atypical AN resembles AN and/or BN on affect‐related processes using questionnaires and ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Method

Women with atypical AN (n = 24), AN‐restrictive subtype, (n = 27), AN‐binge eating/purging subtype (n = 34), and BN (n = 58) completed questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties. They also completed a 14‐day EMA protocol during which they reported negative and positive affect and skipped meals five times/day (signal‐contingent surveys) and restrictive eating after meals/snacks (event‐contingent surveys).

Results

Diagnostic groups generally did not differ on questionnaire measures nor affective patterns surrounding restrictive eating behaviors. Momentary changes in affect did not predict or follow restriction at meals/snacks, though higher momentary negative affect ratings predicted skipped meals, and higher positive affect was reported after skipped meals. Greater average negative affect and lower average positive affect predicted both restrictive eating behaviors.

Discussion

Across diagnoses, reductions in food intake do not appear to be influenced by momentary changes in affect, though skipping meals may serve an emotion regulation function. Atypical AN seems to resemble AN and BN on affective processes underlying restrictive eating, raising further questions regarding the unique diagnosis of atypical AN.

Public Significance

Though atypical anorexia appears to strongly resemble anorexia nervosa, it is less clear how this disorder relates to bulimia nervosa. It is further unknown whether affective‐related processes underlie restrictive eating in atypical anorexia nervosa, and how these processes compare to those in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Results suggest that atypical anorexia does not differ from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa on emotion‐related measures, nor in affective patterns surrounding restrictive eating behaviors.
Promoting NIR‐Driven Luminescence Activity of Calcium zinc galliumate via Energy Transfer from Mn4+ to Ho3+ for Second Biological Window
Authors: Fan Yan , Li Zhengzhang , Zhang Shaoan , Al‐Hada Naif Mohammed , Lin Xiaohui , Li Chonghui , Lv Yang
Published: January 2024

NIR luminescent materials are widely available for biological applications, and the NIR emitting of Ho3+ ions has received widespread attention in the second biological window. In this work, Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+,Ho3+ luminescent materials were synthesized using a high temperature solid state method. Optical properties and energy transfer mechanisms have studied in detail. Upon UV‐vis light excitation, the Mn single doped Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 phosphors exhibit deep red and NIR emission centered at 712 and 1151 nm assigned to Mn4+ and Mn5+, respectively. Another stronger NIR emitting peaked at 1195 nm occurs when the Ho3+ ion is co‐doped into Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+. The energy transfer from Mn4+ to Ho3+ ion is performed through a resonant type by a dipole‐dipole interaction mechanism. In addition, the thermal stability of Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+,Ho3+ phosphor has been investigated, and the NIR emission of Ho3+ ion maintains more than half the strength at 423 K. The findings indicate that the as‐prepared Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 : Mn4+,Ho3+ luminescent materials hold promise for potential applications in the second biological window.
Adaptive Joint Multiobjective Operating Parameters’ Optimization for Active Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Dacheng , Liu Yuhang , Zhao Zhengang
Published: January 2024

The operating parameters of the active direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) are essential factors affecting its power delivery performance. Different operating parameters lead to variations in the amount of methanol crossover in a DMFC, which might cause overpotential and cathode catalyst poisoning. Due to the complexity of the DMFC system, changes in operating conditions, and correlations among these parameters, it is challenging to maintain output power density while reducing the negative effects of methanol crossover. This paper proposes an adaptive joint optimization method for fuel cell operating parameters. The principle operating parameters are selected by the orthogonal tests, which include an adaptive numerical simulation and multiobjective optimization regarding cell output power density and methanol crossover. The selected parameter combinations are verified by an evaluation model that quantifies the influences of operating parameters on the active DMFC power density and its methanol crossover, where the nonlinear mapping function for the two optimization objectives is obtained. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II) is applied to rapidly obtain the optimal combination. The results show that with the optimal parameters, the maximum power density is increased by 16.7% and the methanol crossover is reduced by 35.1%.
The mental health needs of healthcare workers: When evidence does not guide policy. A comparative assessment of selected European countries
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Falkenbach Michelle , Brînzac Monica‐Georgiana , Correia Tiago , Panagioti Maria , Ungureanu Marius‐Ionut
Published: January 2024

Background

The healthcare workforce (HCWF) globally is facing high stress levels and deteriorating mental health due to workplace, labour market and policy deficiencies that further exacerbate the existing crisis. However, comprehensive and effective action is missing.

Aims

We adopt a health system and governance perspective to address the mental health needs of healthcare workers (HCWs), considering the nature of interventions and the levels and actors involved in governance. The aim is to move the debate forward by identifying governance gaps hampering the implementation of health workforce policies and exploring strategies to effectively increase mental health support.

Material and Methods

A qualitative comparative methodology is applied based on a case study design utilising a multi‐level intersectoral governance matrix. We conducted a rapid assessment of HCWF developments in the European context (Germany, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland and the United Kingdom), drawing on secondary sources and country experts.

Results and Discussion

Awareness of mental health threats among HCWs increased, but policy discourse is driven by service delivery and labour market demands. The attention to HCWs' needs is stronger on the international level and weakest at national/regional levels. Although organisations and professions demonstrate varying degrees of activity, their efforts are scattered and lack sustainability. Similar challenges were identified across healthcare systems, including limited action, disconnected actors, missing coordination, and a lack of attention to governance gaps and system weaknesses.

Conclusion

Adopting a health system approach is important but not sufficient. Successful mental health policy implementation needs multi‐level governance and coherent coordination mechanisms.
Nomogram for predicting bleeding events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients receiving rivaroxaban: A retrospective study
Authors: Cao Chang , Xu Yijiao , Jiang Weiwen , Wu Shujing , Shen Yun , Xia Xiaotong , Wang Lumin , Zhang Huijun , Jiang Hongni , Li Xiaoyu , Li Xiaoye , Ye Yanrong
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

To construct a bleeding events prediction model of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients receiving rivaroxaban.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in patients with NVAF who received rivaroxaban from June 2017 to March 2019. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical system. Univariate analysis was used to find the primary predictive factors of bleeding events in patients receiving rivaroxaban. Multiple analysis was conducted to screen the primary independent predictive factors selected from the univariate analysis. Finally, the independent influencing factors were applied to build a prediction model by using R software; then, a nomogram was established according to the selected variables visually, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model was evaluated.

Results

Twelve primary predictive factors were selected by univariate analysis from 46 variables, and multivariate analysis showed that older age, higher prothrombin time (PT) values, history of heart failure and stroke were independent risk factors of bleeding events. The area under curve (AUC) for this novel nomogram model was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.763–0.894). The mean AUC over 10‐fold stratified cross‐validation was 0.787, and subgroup analysis validation also showed a satisfied AUC. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed that the PT in combination with CHA2DS2‐VASc and HASBLED was more practical and accurate for predicting bleeding events than using CHA2DS2‐VASc and HASBLED alone.

Conclusions

PT in combination with CHA2DS2‐VASc and HASBLED could be considered as a more practical and accurate method for predicting bleeding events in patients taking rivaroxaban.
Diagnostic accuracy of barium enema versus full‐thickness rectal biopsy in children with clinically suspected Hirschsprung's disease: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hailemariam Tesfahunegn , Bekele Abenezer Kebede , Manyazewal Tsegahun , Solomon Daniel Zewdneh , Gorfu Yocabel , Shiwarega Zelalem , Getinet Tewodros , Wole Meti , Solomon Samrawit , Hailu Samuel Sisay
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Hirschsprung's disease (HSD) remains a common cause of pediatric intestinal obstruction. Barium contrast enema (BE) is the primary imaging modality for the evaluation of clinically suspected cases. Here, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of BE in children with clinically suspected HSD when compared to a gold standard full‐thickness rectal biopsy (FTRB).

Methods

We recruited and consecutively enrolled children with clinically suspected HSD at two tertiary teaching hospitals. Participants underwent BE imaging and two radiologists interpreted the findings independently. Participants further underwent FTRB by pediatric surgeons as the confirmatory test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated on Stata version 14.2, taking FTRB as the standard.

Results

We enrolled 55 cases, of which 49 completed the evaluation and were included in the final analysis. The median age was 9.4 months (interquartile range: 2–24], with a male‐to‐female ratio of 4.4:1. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of BE were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.81–0.99]), 0.73 (95% CI [0.39–0.94]), 0.92 (95% CI [0.82–0.97]), and 0.80 (95% CI [0.50–0.94]), respectively. On AUC, the diagnostic accuracy of BE compared to the confirmatory FTRB was 0.84 (95% CI [0.69–0.98]). The diagnostic accuracy was higher in neonates (ROC: 1.00) when compared to infants (ROC: 0.83) or those above 1 year of age (ROC: 0.798). HSD‐suggestive BE findings were associated with absence of ganglion cells on FTRB (χ2 = 23.301,p < 0.001). Inverted rectosigmoid ratio and transition zone were more sensitive in detecting HSD of 0.92 (95% CI [0.74–0.98]) and 0.81 (95% CI [0.63–0.92]), respectively.

Conclusion

BE is sufficiently accurate in the diagnosis of children with HSD, suggesting BE would likely be used to inform surgical management in settings where confirmatory biopsy is lacking. However, clinical judgment is warranted in interpreting negative BE findings.