bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Aquatic invertebrates and Water Quality of River Katsina-Ala at Kwanta-Sule, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Gbaior Tivfa Samuel , Jeiyol Saater Emmanuel , Injoko Hemen Samuel , Gbaior Msendoo Esther
Published: February 2025

The present study focused on aquatic invertebrates and water quality of River Katsina-Ala at Kwata-Sule, Guma Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Samples were collected twice in a week for 4 weeks between October and November, 2017 using a 55 µm mesh plankton net. Water quality parameters were determined in-situ and ex-situ using standard procedures. A total of 144 specimens were identified during the study period. They were distributed among 6 classes: Cladocera (46%), Diptera (24%), Copepoda (13%), Ephemerophyta (10%), Arachnida (4%) and Protozoa (3%). The diversity indices were: Shannon-Weiner (2.286), Simpson (0.875) and Margalef (2.213). Mean values of physico-chemical parameters were; temperature (27.23±0.23 0C), dissolved oxygen (5.45±0.00 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (2.10±0.10 mg/L), pH (7.80±0.01), electrical conductivity (29.75±0.25 µScm-1), transparency (37.06±1.06 cm) and total hardness (0.11±0.00 mg/L). The river contained moderate abundance and varied aquatic invertebrates. The water quality parameters of the study area were favourable for aquatic life to thrive.
Occupational Health and Safety: A Management Organization’s Perspective
Authors: Kart Cihan Serhat , Miser Evin
Published: February 2025

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is of critical importance within the complex structure of modern work environments. From a management organization perspective, the effectiveness of OHS practices depends on the harmonious integration of leadership approaches, organizational culture and business processes. This article examines the effects of management theories on OHS practices, the role of contemporary organizational cultures in this area and the effects of leadership styles on OHS performance. From a management organization perspective, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is not merely a regulatory obligation but a fundamental pillar of organizational success. This study examines the integration of OHS into corporate structures, emphasizing its strategic significance beyond compliance. Findings reveal that effective OHS management is achieved through strong leadership, a well-established safety culture, and a systematic implementation approach. Organizations that embed OHS into their core operations experience not only reduced workplace incidents but also enhanced employee well-being and overall productivity. Additionally, the research underscores the necessity of expanding OHS frameworks to encompass psychological well-being, fostering continuous safety awareness among employees, and viewing OHS investments as long-term strategic assets rather than cost burdens. The study highlights the crucial role of transformational leadership in embedding a safety-oriented mindset across all organizational levels. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that organizations prioritizing OHS as a strategic component gain competitive advantages through workforce sustainability, improved operational efficiency, and strengthened corporate reputation. These insights provide valuable guidance for business leaders, policymakers, and safety professionals aiming to optimize OHS strategies within their organizations. The article aims to analyze the relationships between management organization and OHS within a theoretical framework, while also providing recommendations for practice.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Export, Import and Inflation on Economics Growth in India: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Singaram Vidyasagar Selvaraj , Ahmad Waseem , Shareef Mohammad , Akther Shakeel , Wani Nargis Akhter
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of FDI, trade components, and inflation on India's economic growth. The research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing technique to examine long and short-term co-integration, and the Error Correction Model (ECM) is used to analyse model of specification. The findings reveal a long-term relationship between FDI, exports, imports, inflation, and economic growth. Moreover, FDI inflows, exports, and inflation in India show a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth, while imports appear to have a negative and insignificant impact. Ultimately, the study suggests that more favorable government policies towards FDI could help stimulate a more dynamic Indian economy.
Imminent proposal in Pennsylvania calls for state licensing of RCOs
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2024

The question of whether state‐mandated licensure would serve as an ideal vehicle for guaranteeing that recovery community organizations (RCOs) meet accepted standards for delivering peer recovery support is about to receive a thorough examination in Pennsylvania. State Rep. Tarik Khan of Philadelphia is gathering co‐sponsor support in advance of introducing a bill that would require any RCO that receives public funds to be licensed, in a measure that also would designate RCO services as Medicaid‐reimbursable.
New job, new fundraising piece for PAARI
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2024

Yes, it's a new job, but it has a big value. The Police Assisted Addiction and Recovery Initiative (PAARI), a nonprofit focused on raising awareness of substance use disorders and engaging with law enforcement and public safety agencies to create deflection and diversion pathways, appointed a fundraiser Maureen Bilek brings with her a wealth of experience in grants and program development. This was the first position of its kind at PAARI, and it was essential for them to identify a leader with extensive experience in fundraising and someone who had a deep understanding of the opioid crisis. Bilek spent 13 years with Advocate Health Care, the largest integrated health care system in Illinois, where she served as their director of Government Grants and Program Development. There, she led philanthropic strategy for 27 hospitals and secured an impressive $100 million in grant funding throughout her tenure. “I am delighted to be joining PAARI and look forward to enhancing and supporting the great programs that PAARI, its staff, and the board have accelerated to address the opioid crisis,” said Bilek. “I emphatically endorse its national commitment to implementing deflection and diversion programs, its innovative ways to improving access to treatment and recovery for individuals suffering with addiction and its fundamental charge for social responsibility.”
Strength‐Ductility Synergy in 304 Austenitic Steel with a Phase‐Reversion‐Induced Heterogeneous Lamellar Microstructure
Authors: Zeng Longfei , Wen Qihui , Jiang Pingan , Zeng Luming , Zhang Xuehui
Published: April 2024

A thermomechanical processing route involving severe cold‐rolling deformation of austenite to generate strain‐induced martensite, followed by short‐time annealing when martensite reverts to austenite, is used to introduce the heterogeneous lamellar structures (HLS) into 304 stainless steel (304ss). First, a nanolamellar structure consisting of mostly martensite with retained austenite grains is formed in the severe cold‐rolled 304ss, which results in an ultra‐high strength of ≈1.9 GPa but poor ductility. After short‐time annealing, an HLS, comprised of soft recrystallized austenite lamellae with micro/sub‐micron grains embedded inside a hard matrix of reversed ultrafine/nanoaustenite grains containing high‐density dislocations, is introduced into the 304ss through phase reversion and partial recrystallization. The resultant HSLed 304ss exhibits a high yield strength in excess of 1.2 GPa with a large uniform elongation of ≈28%. Strong heterodeformation‐induced hardening associated with the joint activation of twin‐induced plasticity and transformation‐induced plasticity effect is responsible for the excellent strength–ductility combination. The thermomechanical processing route used here can be easily scaled up for industrial production and can be generalized to other materials.
Engineering Large‐Scale Self‐Mineralizing Bone Organoids with Bone Matrix‐Inspired Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Bioinks
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Yan , Li Guangfeng , Zhou Fengjin , Wu Xiang , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Xinru , Tang Hua , Bai Long , Geng Zhen , Song Peiran , Shi Zhongmin , Ren Xiaoxiang , Su Jiacan
Published: April 2024

Addressing large bone defects remains a significant challenge owing to the inherent limitations in self‐healing capabilities, resulting in prolonged recovery and suboptimal regeneration. Although current clinical solutions are available, they have notable shortcomings, necessitating more efficacious approaches to bone regeneration. Organoids derived from stem cells show great potential in this field; however, the development of bone organoids has been hindered by specific demands, including the need for robust mechanical support provided by scaffolds and hybrid extracellular matrices (ECM). In this context, bioprinting technologies have emerged as powerful means of replicating the complex architecture of bone tissue. The research focused on the fabrication of a highly intricate bone ECM analog using a novel bioink composed of gelatin methacrylate/alginate methacrylate/hydroxyapatite (GelMA/AlgMA/HAP). Bioprinted scaffolds facilitate the long‐term cultivation and progressive maturation of extensive bioprinted bone organoids, foster multicellular differentiation, and offer valuable insights into the initial stages of bone formation. The intrinsic self‐mineralizing quality of the bioink closely emulates the properties of natural bone, empowering organoids with enhanced bone repair for both in vitro and in vivo applications. This trailblazing investigation propels the field of bone tissue engineering and holds significant promise for its translation into practical applications.
Knotted Artificial Muscles for Bio‐Mimetic Actuation under Deepwater
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Tong Dezhong , Meng Linghan , Tan Bowen , Lan Ruochen , Zhang Qifeng , Yang Huai , Wang Cong , Liu Ke
Published: April 2024

Muscles featuring high frequency and high stroke linear actuation are essential for animals to achieve superior maneuverability, agility, and environmental adaptability. Artificial muscles are yet to match their biological counterparts, due to inferior actuation speed, magnitude, mode, or adaptability. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of natural muscles, artificial muscles are created that are powerful, responsive, robust, and adaptable. The artificial muscles consist of knots braided from 3D printed liquid crystal elastomer fibers and thin heating threads. The unique hierarchical, braided knot structure offers amplified linear stroke, force rate, and damage‐tolerance, as verified by both numerical simulations and experiments. In particular, the square knotted artificial muscle shows reliable cycles of actuation at 1Hz in 3000m depth underwater. Potential application is demonstrated by propelling a model boat. Looking ahead, the knotted artificial muscles can empower novel biomedical devices and soft robots to explore various environments, from inside human body to the mysterious deep sea.
Enhanced Color‐Preserving Radiative Coolers for Versatile Architectural Applications
Authors: Kim June Tae , Jeon Seung Kyu , Kim Min Seong , Yeo Dong Hun , Nahm Sahn , Kim Yeong Jae , Lee Gil Ju
Published: April 2024

Global climate crises are the most significant challenges to be solved these days. As one of the technological endeavors to tackle the issue, radiative cooling is amongst the most attractive approaches for sustainable heat energy regulation, which involves maximizing solar heat reflection and thermal heat emission. These green technologies inevitably require architectural applicability, considering that building facades take a large proportion of the heat‐radiating surfaces. For mass‐production suitability and durability, radiative coolers (RCs) fabricated in a fully ceramic context are recently suggested, featuring scalable, thermally insulative, and non‐shrinking advantages. However, the visual effects are also imperative for architectural instances but are seldom accounted for. In this context, this article suggests the enhanced color‐preserving radiative cooling (ECRC) structure for practical architectural applications of glass‐infiltrated ceramic RCs. By simply blending ceramic pigment into the uppermost porous alumina layer, the ECRC structure can maintain the physical, and thermal features of all‐ceramic RC, while exhibiting color by visible reflectance adjustment. ECRCs exhibit an additional cooling performance of up to ≈17.3 °C depending on their color, compared to their conventional counterparts. With additional chromatic features, ECRC can further enhance the availability of radiative cooling technology for practically realizing the energy‐saving structures in real‐world architectural circumstances.
Lyotropic Chromonic Mesophases of Chiral Organopalladium(II) Complexes for Amplified Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence
Authors: Zhou Ning , Xie Mo , Zheng Ceyuan , An Jiabo , Zou Chao , Lu Wei
Published: April 2024

Herein, it is reported that lyotropic liquid crystals that transfer carbon‐centered chirality to helical chirality and subsequently to macroscopic chirality in the mesophases. This process is accompanied by remarkable amplification of both emission quantum yield and dissymmetry factor of the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Cationic tridentate cyclometalated Pd(II) complexes, once functionalized with chiral hydrogen‐bonding motifs of amide, aggregated into head‐to‐tail dimers at low concentrations in acetonitrile and further self‐organized into chiral lyotropic chromonic mesophases upon concentrated to 50 wt.%. At 25 °C, the chiral chromonics display metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MMLCT) phosphorescence at an emission maximum of 677 nm with quantum yields up to 38% and lifetimes up to 0.50 µs. Notably, the dissymmetry factors ranged from 0.10 to 0.76, varying with the sample thickness in the range of 200–15 µm. Comparison studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the hydrogen‐bonding amide group is pivotal for the formation of the staggered configuration in the helical superstructures. Additionally, the carbon‐centered chirality of the amide dictate the handedness of the helices and consequently influenced the properties of CPL.
Giant Second‐Order Nonlinearity and Anisotropy of Large‐Sized Few‐Layer SnS with Ferroelectric Stacking
Authors: Moqbel Redhwan , Nanae Ryo , Kitamura Satsuki , Lee Ming‐Hao , Lan Yann‐Wen , Lee Chi‐Cheng , Nagashio Kosuke , Lin Kung‐Hsuan
Published: April 2024

The giant second‐order nonlinearity of SnS with ferroelectric stacking is reported. Based on theoretical calculations, the susceptibility of second harmonic generation (SHG) from SnS with ferroelectric stacking is up to 1354 pm V−1, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the values of traditional nonlinear crystals such as BBO and KTP. The SHG from ferroelectric SnS few layers is experimentally measured and its intensity is found to be 131 times larger than that of a MoS2 monolayer under the same experimental conditions, with a photon energy of 1.55 eV. The SHG susceptibility is determined to be on the order of 100 pm V−1. Numerous SnS flakes are systematically investigated using polarization‐resolved SHG. Micrometer‐sized flakes with a single domain are found, and their SHG anisotropic patterns fit well with the theoretical calculations derived from first‐principles methods. The variation in SHG anisotropic patterns, attributed to SHG interference from multiple domains, is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Additionally, the impact of stacking disorder on the SHG anisotropic pattern is explored. It is demonstrated that polarization‐resolved SHG microscopy is a valuable tool for identifying domains in SnS flakes and examining stacking disorder.
Directed Chiral Self‐Assembly of Purely Organic Phosphors for Room‐Temperature Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence
Authors: Heo Jung‐Moo , Kim John , Hasan Md Ikramul , Woo Hochul , Lahann Joerg , Kim Jinsang
Published: April 2024

Circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) is increasingly recognized in materials science for its unique applications in optoelectronic devices, chiral recognition, and bioimaging. This study underscores a novel directed chiral self‐assembly strategy of purely organic phosphors into supramolecular nanostructures to achieve bright room‐temperature circularly polarized phosphorescence (RT‐CPP). RT‐CPP molecules are built on an aromatic carbonyl structure having also Br to mix (n,π*) and (π,π*) characters and to enable the heavy atom effect. Side chains are rationally designed to have strong hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions, and a chiral center for directed chiral self‐assembly into supramolecular nanostructures. The tightly packed resulting supramolecular nanostructures also impower efficient suppression of molecular motions, thereby minimizing non‐radiative decay and facilitating bright CPP emission at room temperature. The developed self‐assembled supramolecular structures exhibit RT‐CPP with the dissymmetry factor (glum) of ≈10−3, a high phosphorescence quantum yield of 4.1%, and a rapid triplet decay time of 180 microseconds. The presented molecular design principle enabling RT‐CPP from purely organic phosphors may pave the way for novel photonic materials.
A Mild Metal‐Free Approach for the Direct Synthesis of Carbamoyl Azides from Carboxylic Acid Redox Active Esters
Authors: Qiu Yan‐Hua , Zhu Yuping , Rao Ming‐Hua , Huang Chang‐Qi , Huang Zi‐Ying , Chen Zhengwang , Zhu Jinbin , Yu Daohong
Published: April 2024

Carbamoyl azide is a pivotal compound used in the transformation into urea and amines, as well as in nitrene insertion reactions. In this study, we present a pioneering method for synthesizing carbamoyl azide directly from acid redox active esters without the use of metals or oxidants. This approach demonstrates tolerance for various functional groups, enhancing its applicability. Furthermore, this technique facilitates late‐stage modifications of natural products and pharmaceuticals, thereby accelerating the development and identification of novel drug candidates.
Copper‐Catalyzed Alkenylation and Alkenyloxylation with‐Alkenyl(phenyl)iodonium Salts
Authors: Song Zhao‐Xin , Yang Meng‐Wei , Wu Teng‐Teng , Xu Yun‐He
Published: April 2024

A Cu‐catalyzed vinylation method for alkenyl ethers has been developed. In this strategy, both chain and cyclic alkenyl ether substrates were applicable, and the target products were obtained in up to 95% yields and with the E/Z selectivities of >98:2. Furthermore, we have successfully applied this method to directly vinylate the C‐2 position of protected glucals, offering a valuable tool for their functionalization. Moreover, through the utilization of alkenyl alcohols as substrates, we accomplished a 1,2‐alkenyloxylation of alkenyl double bond, enabling the synthesis of functionalized cyclic ether compounds with five or six‐membered rings.
Catalytic Asymmetric Cascade Dearomatization of Indoles via a Photoinduced Pd‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Bisfunctionalization of Butadienes
Authors: Zhan Xiaohang , Nie Zhiwen , Li Na , Zhou Ao , Lv Haotian , Liang Mingrong , Wu Keqin , Cheng Gui‐Juan , Yin Qin
Published: April 2024

Photoinduced Pd‐catalyzed bisfunctionalization of butadienes with a readily available organic halide and a nucleophile represents an emerging and attractive method to assemble versatile alkenes bearing various functional groups at the allylic position. However, enantiocontrol and/or diastereocontrol in the C−C or C−X bond‐formation step have not been solved due to the open‐shell process. Herein, we present a cascade asymmetric dearomatization reaction of indoles via photoexcited Pd‐catalyzed 1,2‐biscarbonfunctionalization of 1,3‐butadienes, wherein asymmetric control on both the nucleophile and electrophile part is achieved for the first time in photoinduced bisfunctionalization of butadienes. This method delivers structurally novel chiral spiroindolenines bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers with high diastereomeric ratios (up to >20 : 1 dr) and good to excellent enantiomeric ratios (up to 97 : 3 er). Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism have confirmed a radical pathway involving excited‐state palladium catalysis. The alignment and non‐covalent interactions between the substrate and the catalyst were found to be essential for stereocontrol.
Controlled Biocatalytic Synthesis of a Metal Nanoparticle‐Enzyme Hybrid: Demonstration for Catalytic H2‐driven NADH Recycling
Authors: Browne Lucy B. F. , Sudmeier Tim , Landis Maya A. , Allen Christopher S. , Vincent Kylie A.
Published: April 2024

Here we demonstrate the preparation of enzyme‐metal biohybrids of NAD+ reductase with biocatalytically‐synthesised small gold nanoparticles (NPs, <10 nm) and core‐shell gold‐platinum NPs for tandem catalysis. Despite the variety of methods available for NP synthesis, there remains a need for more sustainable strategies which also give precise control over the shape and size of the metal NPs for applications in catalysis, biomedical devices, and electronics. We demonstrate facile biosynthesis of spherical, highly uniform, gold NPs under mild conditions using an isolated enzyme moiety, an NAD+ reductase, to reduce metal salts while oxidising a nicotinamide‐containing cofactor. By subsequently introducing platinum salts, we show that core‐shell Au@Pt NPs can then be formed. Catalytic function of these enzyme‐Au@Pt NP hybrids was demonstrated for H2‐driven NADH recycling to support enantioselective ketone reduction by an NADH‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase.
Bionic lotus‐leaf‐structured fluorine‐free polyurethane by combining electrospinning and electro‐spraying for waterproof and breathable textiles
Authors: Zheng Haimin , Li Fang , Chen Dandan , Nie Gaowei , Yu Bo , Chen Xiaoxiao , Guo Hao , Luo Zhouai , Cheng Zhikang , He Jianxin
Published: April 2024

Developing environmentally friendly and high‐performing viable waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) is critical but significantly challenging. Herein, we combine electrospinning and electro‐spraying methods. First, elastic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is used as the polymer, and poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) with low surface energy is introduced to prepare TPU/PMHS fiber‐based membranes by electrospinning. Electro‐spraying is performed using a dilute solution of TPU/PMHS/SiO2, with fluorine‐free hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles introduced to facilitate the construction of a rough lotus‐leaf‐like surface structure, ultimately obtaining TPU/PMHS/SiO2 WBMs with bead‐on‐string fiber binary structures and a strong water repellency. The results indicate that the TPU/PMHS/SiO2 WBMs comprise a three‐dimensional porous structure formed by randomly arranged fibers and a lotus biomimetic structure consisting of bead‐like fibers, providing the membrane with excellent mechanical properties and waterproof breathability, including a tensile strength of 15.8 MPa, static water pressure of 33 kPa, water vapor transmission rate of 5169 g m−2 d−1, and contact angle of 142°. Additionally, the fiber membrane exhibits an excellent strain recovery after 1000 cycles of cyclic stretching under 100% strain, verifying the excellent elastic properties of the TPU/PMHS/SiO2 WBMs. This simple preparation process and unique composite structure can facilitate the design and preparation of environmentally friendly, waterproof, and breathable materials.
Fluorescent Labeling of a Target Protein with an Alkyl Diazirine Photocrosslinker Bearing a Cinnamate Moiety
Authors: Nakashima Taikai , Iwanabe Takumi , Tanimoto Hiroki , Tomohiro Takenori
Published: April 2024

A novel fluorogenic alkyl diazirine photocrosslinker bearing an o‐hydroxycinnamate moiety has been developed for identification of the targets of bioactive molecules. The o‐hydroxycinnamate moiety can be converted to the corresponding 7‐hydroxycoumarin derivative, which should be created on the interacting site within the photocaptured target protein. The label yield and fluorescence intensity have been immensely improved in comparison with our previous aromatic crosslinkers to facilitate target identification in small quantities.
Cluster analysis of teachers report for identifying symptoms of autism spectrum and/or attention deficit hyperactivity in school population: EPINED study
Authors: Kaur Sharanpreet , Morales‐Hidalgo Paula , Voltas Núria , Canals‐Sans Josefa
Published: April 2024

An early detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) is crucial for their prognosis; however, the clinical heterogeneity of some disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an obstacle to accurate diagnoses in children. In order to facilitate the screening process, the current study aimed to identify symptom‐based clusters among a community‐based sample of preschool and school‐aged children, using behavioral characteristics reported by teachers. A total of 6894 children were assessed on four key variables: social communication differences, restricted behavior patterns, restless‐impulsiveness, and emotional lability (pre‐schoolers) or inattention and hyperactivity‐impulsivity (school‐aged). From these behavioral profiles, four clusters were identified for each age group. A cluster of ASD + ADHD and others including children with no pathology was clearly identified, whereas two other clusters were characterized by subthreshold ASD and/or ADHD symptoms. In the school‐age children, the presence of ADHD was consistently observed with ASD patterns. In pre‐schoolers, teachers were more proficient at identifying children who received a diagnosis for either ASD and/or ADHD from an early stage. Considering the significance of early detection and intervention of NDDs, teachers' insights are important. Therefore, promptly identifying subthreshold symptoms in children can help to minimize consequences in social and academic functioning.
Artificial intelligence and psychotherapy: A counterpoint
Authors: Richards Derek
Published: April 2024

Psychotherapy practice is a human endeavour. Research on the specific and non‐specific factors of treatment has helped crystallise its relevance and clinical impact. The challenges currently faced by the field revolve around ensuring access to evidence‐based treatments and enhancing their effectiveness. Digitally delivered formats of empirically supported treatments increase access while supporting the relevance of the treatment‐specific ingredients and the necessity for human guidance. Excitement surrounds the potential integration of novel artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning methods to advance psychotherapy effectiveness. The abundance of data in digitally delivered formats positions them well to harness the capabilities of AI. Recent work provides proof of concept in areas including detection and diagnosis, predicting outcomes, treatment adherence, remission and relapse. A potential risk emerges when applying machine learning methods, in which an overreliance on AI inferences may overshadow the human aspect of psychotherapy. The contrast is simple: we may over‐invest in the rationality and relevance of our AI inferences, blindly obeying the algorithmic counsel that may lead to unintended consequences, such as oversimplifying human complexity. This would amount to changing psychotherapy from a human‐centric to a techno‐centric endeavour, something we should steadily avoid. This perspective highlights the importance of balancing enthusiasm for AI advancements with a cautious approach. The discussion outlines the risks associated with overdependence on AI and provides reasons to avoid a scenario in which psychotherapy loses its human essence. In conclusion, the perspective suggests avenues for future research to prevent such a transformation and maintain the human‐centric nature of psychotherapy.
Contiguous diastematomyelia with tethered cord, intradural extramedullary dermoid tumor, and lipomyelomeningocele: A unique case of spinal dysraphism
Authors: Ghimire Sagun , Shrestha Shikher , Shrestha Dinuj , Ranabhat Kajan , Bhattarai Suman , Maharjan Ananta , Bhandari Kritick , Chaudhary Prabin
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Diastematomyelia, tethered cord, intradural extramedullary dermoid tumor and lipomyelomeningocele such disease entities themselves are rare in their own form and concurrent presentation of all those pathological states in a single individual can be considered one of the rarest forms of spinal dysraphism globally. Moreover for prompt management with optimal prognosis needs refined neurosurgical intervention guided by intraoperative neuromonitoring so as to bring about the best quality of life in the patient.
Complete idiopathic resorption of distobuccal root of a maxillary first molar: A case report
Authors: Li Tianqi , Meng Xiangbo , Zhou Sunxin , Li Shuaichen , Luo Qiang , Zhang Tong
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case report provides a rare case of idiopathic root resorption in maxillary first molar and suggests the importance of CBCT in the diagnosis and treatment outcome of complex endodontic diseases. Endodontic surgery is an effective method for treating teeth with persistent apical periodontitis.

Idiopathic root resorption is an unexplained root resorption when the patient experiences root resorption without any local or systemic factors. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for long‐term outcomes.
Plasma cell myeloma in a 9‐year‐old male: Case report and literature review
Authors: Ronald Kato , Jacinta Ambaru , Umaru Ssebagala
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Plasma cell myeloma is a rare entity in the pediatric population. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40. It is worth noting that any destructive bony lesion in a child should be investigated.

Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma) is the most common form of plasma cell neoplasm. It is a rare entity in young patients. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40. A male patient aged 9 years old with a progressive pain in lower back for about 1 month, aggravated by bending, associated with inability to stand upright, no any history of trauma. He complained about left pin‐point chest pain, no any history of febrile illness. MRI showed a mass lesion of the L3 vertebra; CT scan revealed osteolytic lesions in the left T12, S2‐sacral region, and left calvarium. Histology report of L3 lesion revealed cells with an eccentric nucleus, prominent Golgi apparatus and Flow cytometry revealed cells stained positive for CD 138 and CD56 and negative for CD45 expression. In situ hybridization identified k‐light chain band restriction. Bone marrow evaluation was normal. A small serum monoclonal immunoglobin A spike of k‐light chain type was noted. Other tests like complete blood count, lactate dehydrogenase levels, renal functional tests, and B2‐microglobulin were normal. A diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma was made and the patient was started on emergent radiation to L3 lesion due to progressive neurological symptoms followed systemic therapy which resulted int reduction of L3 lesion. Plasma cell myeloma is extremely rare form of liquid tumor in the pediatric population, and it is important for any destructive bony lesion in a child to have appropriate work up.
Classical versus Collective Interactions in Asymmetric Trigonal Bipyramidal Alkaline Metal–Boron Halide Complexes
Authors: Badri Zahra , Foroutan‐Nejad Cina
Published: April 2024

Collective interactions are a novel type of chemical bond formed between metals and electron‐rich substituents around an electron‐poor central atom. So far only a limited number of candidates for having collective interactions are reported. In this work, we extend the newly introduced concept of collective bonding to a series of neutral boron complexes with the general formula M2BX3 (M=Li, Na, and K; X=F, Cl, and Br). Our state‐of‐the‐art ab initio computations suggest that these complexes form trigonal bipyramidal structures with a D3h to C3v distortion along the C3 axis of symmetry. The BX3 unit in the complexes distorts from planar to pyramidal akin to a sp3 hybridized atom. Interestingly, the interaction of the metals with the pyramidal side of BX3, where the lone pair in a hypothetical [BX3]2− should be located, is weaker than the interactions of metals with the inverted side, i. e., the middle of three halogen atoms. The origin of this stronger interaction can be explained by the formation of collective interactions between metals and halogen atoms as we explored via energy decomposition within the context of the theory of interacting quantum atoms, IQA.
Determining Structures of Layer‐by‐Layer Spin‐Coated Zinc Dicarboxylate‐Based Metal‐Organic Thin Films
Authors: Fischer Jan C. , Steentjes Robbin , Chen Dong‐Hui , Richards Bryce S. , Zojer Egbert , Wöll Christof , Howard Ian A.
Published: April 2024

Thin films of crystalline solids with substantial free volume built from organic chromophores and metal secondary building units (SBUs) are promising for engineering new optoelectronic properties through control of interchromophore coupling. Zn‐based SBUs are especially relevant in this case because they avoid quenching the chromophore's luminescence. We find that layer‐by‐layer spin‐coating using Zn acetate dihydrate and benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) and biphenyl‐4,4’‐dicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) linkers readily produces crystalline thin films. However, analysis of the grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) data reveals the structures of these films vary significantly with the linker, and with the metal‐to‐linker molar ratio used for fabrication. Under equimolar conditions, H2BPDC creates a type of structure like that proposed for SURMOF‐2, whereas H2BDC generates a different metal‐hydroxide‐organic framework. Large excess of Zn2+ ions causes the growth of layered zinc hydroxides, irrespective of the linker used. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide structural models with minimum total energy that are consistent with the experimentally observed diffractograms. In the broader sense, this work illustrates the importance in this field of careful structure determination, e. g., by utilizing GIWAXS and DFT simulations to determine the structure of the obtained crystalline metal‐organic thin films, such that properties can be rationally engineered and explained.
Thermoelectric Performance of Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Composites Based on PEDOT:PSS/Tin(II) Oxide
Authors: Vázquez‐López Antonio , Maestre David , Cremades Ana
Published: April 2024

PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxylthiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate))‐based composites often exhibit remarkable characteristics regarding high electrical conductivity and great processability, being a suitable candidate for thermoelectric (TE) applications. To increase its performance, PEDOT:PSS is commonly blended with scarce and toxic inorganic compounds based on Se, Te or Bi. In this work we propose the use of one p‐type metal oxide semiconductor (MOs): tin(II) oxide (SnO), motivated by its abundance and low toxicity. Hybrid PEDOT:PSS/SnO composites were obtained by firstly blending Ethylene glycol (EG) with PEDOT:PSS and then by adding p‐type SnO, previously synthesized by a chemical route. The mixture was deposited via spin‐coating onto glass substrates. The Power Factor (PF) of the composites increased by a factor of 300 with the combined EG/SnO composition.
Identifying Exchangeable Protons in a 1D NMR Spectrum by Spatially Selective Exchange‐Editing
Authors: Rotzinger Markus , Schuster Nathalie , Zangger Klaus
Published: April 2024

The front cover artwork is provided by Markus Rotzinger at the University of Graz, Austria. The front cover picture illustrates the way the 1D exchange‐editing NMR method makes exchanging protons visible by sign alteration. The depicted spectrum of D‐glucose shows all exchanging signals inverted, thus allowing a fast qualitative determination, potentially in a single scan. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300713.
Enhancement of VoWiFi cell capacity using A‐MPDU frame aggregation technique in WiFi 6 considering VBR traffic
Authors: Chinmay Ayes , Kumar Pati Hemanta
Published: April 2024

The rapid growth in wireless communication technology and the proliferation of multimedia applications, specifically Voice over Wireless Fidelity (VoWiFi), necessitate the exploration of innovative techniques for improving network performance and quality‐of‐service (QoS). This research paper presents an innovative approach to enhance VoWiFi cell capacity using aggregate medium access control protocol data unit (A‐MPDU) frame aggregation for variable bit rate (VBR) traffic. In this research article, we investigated the effect that the retransmission of voice packets has on the cell capacity of a wireless local area network (WLAN) standard that provides VoWiFi service while taking into account the A‐MPDU approach. When taking into consideration the constant bit rate (CBR) and VBR traffics, we compared the results obtained using WiFi 6 (i.e., IEEE 802.11ax) with older WLAN standards such as IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac.
Optimizing Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Stability via Minimal Bubble Adhesion at Electrodeposited Crack‐Structured NiPx Catalysts
Authors: Sun Qian , Hao Xiaoyu , Zhang Dina , Zhang Tianyi , Zhao Yuanfang , Huang Xiaolei , Liu Xuqing
Published: April 2024

In response to the ongoing energy crisis, advancing the field of electrocatalytic water splitting is of utmost significance, necessitating the urgent development of high‐performance, cost‐effective, and durable hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts. But the generated gas bubble adherence to the electrode surface and sluggish separation contribute to significant energy loss, primarily due to the insufficient exposure of active sites, thus substantially hindering electrochemical performance. Here, we successfully developed a superaerophobic catalytic electrode by loading phosphorus‐doped nickel metal (NiPx) onto various conductive substrates via an electrodeposition method. The electrode exhibits a unique surface structure, characterized by prominent surface fissures, which not only exposes additional active sites but also endows the electrode with superaerophobic properties. The NiPx/Ti electrode demonstrates superior electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction, significantly outperforming a platinum plate, displaying an overpotential of mere 216 mV to achieve a current density of −500 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. Furthermore, the NiPx/Ti electrode manifests outstanding durability and robustness during continuous electrolysis, maintaining stability at a current density of −10 mA cm−2 over a duration of 2000 h. Owing to the straightforward and scalable preparation methods, this highly efficient and stable NiPx/Ti electrocatalyst offers a novel strategy for the development of industrial water electrolysis.
Copper‐Promoted Oxidative Amidation of Imines: A Facile Route to Amides
Authors: Cao Zhonghua , Sheng Da , Zhang Zhiyang , Ren Haitao , Liu Yong , Wu Songhai , Zhang Jiaxiang , Han Xu
Published: April 2024

Herein, an environmentally friendly and efficient amidation method of imines by Oxone and CuO has been developed. This facile method shows excellent selectivity without affecting other functional groups such as phenyls, halogens, cyans, esters or heterocycles. This method features a broad substrate scope, mild conditions and high yields (≤90 %), and the yield in the gram scale experiment also reaches up to 81 %. Flonicamid, moclobemide and bupivacaine are also successfully synthesized to demonstrate its potential utilities.
Assessing performance of an external compound parabolic concentrator solar collector with cascaded latent heat thermal storage
Authors: Sathiya Satchi Christopher , Muthuraman Ponrajan Vikram , Thakur Amrit Kumar , Mert Cuce Pinar , Cuce Erdem , Balavadivel RajaBharathi
Published: April 2024

This study presents quantitative results of charging experiments conducted on cascaded thermal energy storage system (CTESS) integrated with external compound parabolic concentrator solar collector (XCPCSC). Increasing mass flow rate in 2‐stage CTESS integrated with XCPCSC resulted in a 30% reduction in initiation time of phase change materials (PCMs) during charging, with a higher mass flow rate of 0.025 kg/s. However, due to disparate melting point temperatures of PCMs, phase transition in the two‐stage CTESS did not occur simultaneously, leading to poor heat transfer rates within the CTESS. To address this, study extended number of phases from two to three, resulting in a 1.5‐fold increase in rate of heat transfer compared to 2‐stage PCM system. The simultaneous melting processes at various stages in the CTESS maximized energy absorption, leading to a 25% increase in system efficiency. Notably, the values of energy stored efficiency and over‐all efficiency reached their peak values of 95% and 60%, respectively, between t = 12.00 h and t = 13.00 h. This time period also saw a significant increase in collector efficiency to 72%. These quantitative findings highlight importance of mass flow rate and PCM arrangement in achieving efficient heat transfer and system performance in a CTESS integrated with XCPCSC.
Diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children on the ketogenic diet: A case series
Authors: Groveman Sue , Klepper Joerg , Liesenkötter Klaus‐Peter , Grimberg Adda , Bergqvist A. G. Christina
Published: April 2024

The ketogenic diet (KD) can have a negative impact on the linear growth and body composition of children. The aims of this study were to review two centers' experience with children who developed height deceleration on the KD and determine if the height deceleration was secondary to growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and if growth hormone therapy (GHT) would be effective and safe (not altering ketosis or seizure frequency). Retrospective chart reviews were performed on patients with KD referred to Endocrinology between 2013 and 2018. Seventeen children were identified. Data reviewed included: demographics, growth velocity, KD ratio, protein/calorie intake, lab results, GH dosage, Tanner stage, and seizure frequency, and endocrine recommendations. Descriptive statistics were performed. Of the 17 children referred to the Endocrine Division, seven children were growth hormone deficient and began GHT. Data were provided for six patients (2 males, 4 females; age 2–7 years at the start of KD) on the KD for >6 years and on GHT for >4 years. Growth for all patients stabilized or increased. IGF‐1 z‐scores normalized. GHT did not affect seizure frequency or ketosis. GHT in those with GHD can be an appropriate option allowing better growth while still maintaining ketogenic therapy and seizure control.

Plain Language Summary

The KD can be an effective treatment for difficult‐to‐control epilepsy and some disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The KD can adversely affect the linear growth (height) of children. This case series reviewed six patients who had slow linear growth. It was found that all six children had growth hormone deficiency, grew better with growth hormone treatments, and that their seizures and ketone levels were not affected.
Mitophagy and its regulatory mechanisms in the biological effects of nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Haitao , Guo Menghao , Niu Shuyan , Xue Yuying
Published: April 2024

Mitophagy is a selective cellular process critical for the removal of damaged mitochondria. It is essential in regulating mitochondrial number, ensuring mitochondrial functionality, and maintaining cellular equilibrium, ultimately influencing cell destiny. Numerous pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and various other conditions, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions. Thus, a detailed exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy is pivotal for enhancing our understanding and for the discovery of novel preventive and therapeutic options for these diseases. Nanomaterials have become integral in biomedicine and various other sectors, offering advanced solutions for medical uses including biological imaging, drug delivery, and disease diagnostics and therapy. Mitophagy is vital in managing the cellular effects elicited by nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underpinning mitophagy, underscoring its significant influence on the biological responses of cells to nanomaterials. Nanoparticles can initiate mitophagy via various pathways, among which the PINK1‐Parkin pathway is critical for cellular defense against nanomaterial‐induced damage by promoting mitophagy. The role of mitophagy in biological effects was induced by nanomaterials, which are associated with alterations in Ca2+ levels, the production of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lysosomal damage.
Locally released dexamethasone and its effects on osteogenic activity at implant‐tissue interface
Authors: Kerem Gizem , Önder Sakip , Kılıç Abdulhalim
Published: April 2024

The osseointegration of titanium implants within the host tissue holds crucial importance. The introduction of functional coatings at tissue—implant interface enhances the bioactivity of titanium implants, improves their therapeutic outcomes, and enhances the effectiveness of treatments. In this study, we focused on enhancing the bioactivity of titanium‐based implant materials by coating the titanium surfaces with chitosan microspheres, which are loaded with osseointegration‐promoting agent dexamethasone (DEX). Initially, chitosan microspheres were successfully produced, followed by DEX loading through diffusion, resulting in a drug loading efficiency of around 50.2 (wt %). The subsequent drug release profile displayed a 24‐hour duration, releasing approximately 32.6 (wt %) of the loaded DEX. In cell proliferation assays using human osteosarcoma (SAOS‐2) cells, Ti surfaces coated with DEX‐loaded chitosan microspheres initially exhibited lower cell numbers compared with DEX‐free ones. This observation was attributed to transient osteogenic differentiation effects of DEX, since a notable increase in cell proliferation was observed on the 7th day. Von Kossa staining revealed mineralization beginning on the 14th day, particularly evident in DEX‐loaded samples. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity displayed a pattern of initial increase and subsequent decrease, with DEX release from chitosan microspheres showing a clear influence on the osteogenic differentiation, especially on the 7th day. These findings align with literature, highlighting DEX's potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation and cellular behavior on chitosan microsphere‐coated titanium surfaces. This study emphasizes the promising implications for functionalizing surfaces of implant materials with DEX‐loaded chitosan microspheres to improve their biocompatibility and bioactivity.
One Stone Several Birds: Self‐Localizing Submicrocages With Dual Loading Points for Multifunctional Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Shuxuan , Wang Jifei , Jiang Yong , Wang Yao , Yang Bin , Li Hao , Zhou Guofu
Published: April 2024

As the core index, how to improve bioavailability of loaded cargoes is a hot topic of drug carriers. In this study, aminated β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as a cross‐linking points is first integrated into 3D poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylonitrile) (P(AAm‐co‐AN)) network to build up a unique submicrocage (466.2 ± 47.6 nm), featuring upper critical solution temperature (UCST; ≈40 °C), high volume expansion coefficient, and excellent biocompatibility. Hereinto, hydrophobic β‐elemene (ELE) is locally loaded in β‐CD with high loading efficiency (8.72%) and encapsulation efficiency (78.60%) through hydrophobic desolvation and host–guest interaction. Above UCST, the release of the loaded ELE is accelerated to 72.87% in 24 h, together with the enhanced sensitization effect of synergized radiotherapy. Given spontaneous long‐lasting delivery, targeted embolization, and post‐treatment removal of such UCST‐type submicrocage, it is anticipated to provide a novel, facile, efficient, and versatile strategy of comprehensive anticancer treatments for high drug bioavailability.