bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SABDOPALON DAN NAYAGENGGONG SEBAGAI VIDŪṢAKA DALAM SERAT BABAD PATI
Authors: Hakim Moh. Taufiqul
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini mendudukkan Serat Babad Pati (selanjutnya disingkat SBP) sebagai teks sastra. Babad, atau sastra babad, diartikan sebagai buku yang membicarakan sejarah suatu daerah dan golongan masyarakat menurut anggapan waktu itu. Melalui gagasan Edward Said, yakni hermeneutika filologi, didapati pemahaman bahwa Sabdopalon dan Nayagenggong berperan sebagai pamong Raden Kembangjaya yang mempunyai sifat jenaka (vidūṣaka). Mereka senantiasa bergurau kala mendampingi sang majikan. Lebih dari itu, Nayagenggong yang juga berperan sebagai ayah Sabdopalon, berkedudukan sebagai yajamāna. Dalam tataran ritual, yajamāna ialah seorang pengatur perang. Sementara, tokoh yang berperan sebagai yajña, atau ‘yang diatur’ di dalam peperangan ialah Raden Kembangjaya, pendiri Kadipaten Pesantenan, cikal bakal Kadipaten Pati. Nayagenggong berjasa atas kemenangan Negeri Carangsoka atas Paranggaruda. Pertapa tua ini menyuruh Raden Sukmayana, raja Negeri Carangsoka untuk menyerahkan keris Kyai Rambut Pinutung kepada Kembangjaya. Dengan begitu, pemimpin Paranggaruda, Adipati Yujopati dapat dikalahkan dan terciptalah perdamaian dunia.Abtract: This study seated Serat Babad Pati (here in after abbreviated SBP) as a literary text. Chronicle, or literary chronicle, defined as books that talk about the history of an area and community groups under the assumption that time. Through the idea of Edward Said, the hermeneutics of philology, found understanding that Sabdopalon and Nayagenggong role as guardian Raden Kembangjaya who have a sense of humor (vidūṣaka). They always joked when accompanying the employer. Moreover, Nayagenggong which also acts as a father Sabdopalon, serves as yajamāna. The level of ritual, yajamāna is a regulator of the war. Meanwhile, the figures serve as Yajna, or 'set' in war is Kembangjaya Raden, founder of the Duchy Pesantenan, the forerunner of the Duchy of Starch. Nayagenggong credited Carangsoka State victory over Paranggaruda. The old hermit told Raden Sukmayana, king Carangsoka State to submit a dagger Kyai Rambut Pinutung to Kembangjaya. By doing so, leaders Paranggaruda, Duke Yujopati can be defeated and creating world peace.
SEJARAH DAN REALITAS KEKINIAN DALAM NOVEL RAHASIA MEEDE (History and Today’s Reality in Rahasia Meede)
Authors: Arriyanti Arriyanti
Published: August 2017

Makalah ini membahas wacana sejarah dalam kaitannya dengan realitas kekinian yang tergambar dalam novel Rahasia Meede karya ES Ito. Wacana tersebut diungkap dari pengamatan penulis terhadap bagian-bagian cerita dan jalinan peristiwa yang terangkai dalam cerita. Novel Rahasia Meede merupakan novel sejarah yang menyuarakan begitu banyak pesan peradaban. Sejarah dimanfaatkan oleh pengarang sebagai media pencetus ide. Selain itu, fakta sejarah juga digunakan oleh pengarang untuk mengingatkan bangsa ini, khususnya generasi muda untuk lebih hati-hati dalam menjalani hidup. Pengarang ingin mengajak pembaca untuk sekilas berpaling dari aktivitas sehari-hari dan melongok ke jendela masa lalu dan menjadikannya sebagai cermin untuk melangkah ke depan.
HASRAT NANO RIANTIARNO DALAM CERMIN BENING: KAJIAN PSIKOANALISIS LACANIAN
Authors: Manik Ricky Aptifive
Published: August 2017

Karya sastra merupakan manifestasi hasrat pengarang. Dalam sejarahnya, hasrat terbentuk dari rasa kekurangan subjek. Menulis karya sastra merupakan upaya untuk menutupi kekurangan tersebut. Upaya itu dapat dilihat dalam pandangan pengarang akan ego-ego ideal di dalam karya-karyanya. Novel Cermin Bening adalah sample untuk melihat apa dan bagaimana hasrat Nano Riantiarno. Tujuannya adalah menemukan apa yang menjadi pembayangan ego-ego ideal bagi Nano. Telisik hasrat ini akan menggunakan kajian Psikoanalisis Lacanian (PL). Melalui PL ini akan digunakan metode metafora dan metonimia dalam melihat penanda-penanda hasrat Nano dalam Cermin Bening. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa hasrat menjadi penulis dan seniman seolah membuat Nano menemukan kebebasan dari berbagai jerat dan belenggu Yang Simbolik.   ‘Kebebasan’ menjadi objek a Nano untuk mendapatkan jouissance bagi dirinya. Menjadi seniman dan penulis merupakan anchoring point Nano dalam menyudahi keambiguitasan dan ketidakmenentuan dirinya.
DINAMIKA MASKULINITAS DAN FEMININITAS DALAM NOVEL SEPERTI DENDAM, RINDU HARUS DIBAYAR TUNTAS KARYA EKA KURNIAWAN
Authors: Permata Denti , Priyatna Aquarini , Rahayu Lina Meilinawati
Published: August 2017

Artikel ini mengkaji dinamika maskulinitas dan femininitas perempuan dalam novel Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas karya Eka Kurniawan. Teks novel ini menampilkan tokoh perempuan bernama Iteung  mengalami kekerasan seksual oleh gurunya ketika duduk di bangku SD. Efek dari kekerasan seksual tersebut membuat dirinya tumbuh menjadi perempuan tomboy. Semenjak itu, perilakunya selalu berubah-ubah kadang feminin kadang pula maskulin. Kajian ini dilandasi dengan teori maskulinitas perempuan dan tomboyisme Halberstam (1998). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sikap tomboy Iteung merepresentasikan bentuk negosiasinya terhadap budaya patriarki yang telah melecehkannya.
NEGOSIASI BUDAYA DAN DIALEKTIKA KEKUASAAN DALAM DISKURSUS (POS)KOLONIAL: DISKUSI TENTANG A BACKWARD PLACE KARYA R. P. JHABVALA (Cultural Negotiation and Power Dialectics in (Post)Colonial Discourse: A Discussion on R. P. Jhabvala’s A Backward Place)
Authors: Mayasari Fitria
Published: August 2017

Penyajian sejumlah teks sastra poskolonial berusaha mengubah citra dunia ketiga dalam dikotomi kaku dunia pertama/dunia ketiga, namun malah menunjukkan apa yang disebut Bhabha colonial mimicry di mana permasalahan ‘nativism’ justru mengasingkan isu identitas (origin) dan membentuk situs kekuasaan baru (Gandhi, 1998). Karya-karya Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, khususnya novel A Backward Place, mengindikasikan gejala tersebut. Esai ini membahas negosiasi budaya dan dialektika kekuasaan yang mengaburkan batasan-batasan biner kerangka pemikiran kolonial. Pendekatan yang  digunakan dalam analisis adalah pendekatan poskolonial. Analisis dalam esai ini berfokus pada persilangan kedua ideologi yang bertentangan pada ranah publik dan pada ranah domestik. Esai terlebih dahulu memetakan relasi kuasa di antara pribumi dan ekspatriat dalam narasi. Selanjutnya, negosiasi budaya dan dialektika kekuasaan dibahas berdasarkan pemetaan tersebut. Persilangan dua ideologi yang bertentangan dalam pemetaan kekuasaan yang sudah dianalisis menghasilkan narasi yang ambivalen.Abstract:  Many of postcolonial texts attempts to change the third world image within the rigid dichotomy first world/third world. However, their presentation ended up being what Bhabha called colonial mimicry in which the problem of ‘nativism’ alienates orginal identity and creates a new power site (Gandhi, 1998). Ruth Prawer Jhabvala’s works, specifically the novel A Backward Place, indicate the exact symptoms. This essay discusses cultural negotiation that blur boundaries between colonial dichotomy using postcolonial approach. Analysis focuses on the crossings of two contradicting ideologies both in public and domestic spheres.  First, power relation between the natives and expatriats in the narrative is mapped. Second, cultural negotiation and power dialectics is discussed based on that power relation mapping. The crossings of two conflicting ideologies is making the narrative ambivalent.
TRANSFORMASI SANGKURIANG DALAM GODI SUWARNA (Transformation of Sangkuriang in Godi Suwarna’s)
Authors: Hidayat, S.Pd., M.Hum. Sarip
Published: August 2017

Sangkuriang dikenal sebagai tokoh dalam legenda orang Sunda. Tokoh ini kemudian banyak ditransformasikan ke dalam berbagai karya sastra. Salah satu karya sastra yang mentransformasikan tokoh ini adalah fiksi mini karya Godi Suwarna. Enam karyanya dalam buku Lalakon Awon, Godi Suwarna mentransformasikan tokoh ini menjadi seorang tukang perahu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur teks, transformasi, dan pemaknaannya. Berdasarkan penelitian, diketahui bahwa struktur cerita Sangkuriang bentuknya sederhana, baik dari segi alur, tokoh, maupun latarnya. Selain itu, transformasi ditengarai terjadi berupa ekspansi dan konversi. Adapun makna yang didapatkan umumnya tentang kearifan memaknai hidup.Abstract: Sangkuriang is known as a main figure in the legend of the Sundanese people. The figure has been transformed into various literary works. One of the literary works transforming it is a short fiction by Godi Suwarna. In the six works in the book of  “Lalakon”, he transformed the figure into a boatman. This study aims to describe the structure of the text, the transformation, and the meaning. The result of the research finds that the structure of the Sangkuriang  story is simple in terms of plot, character, and its background. In addition, the transformations occur in the form of expansion and conversion. Moreover, the meaning of the stories is mostly about life wisdom.
Study of risk taking behaviors and practices long route drivers in Dharan Municipality of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Uprety Samyog , Ghimire A , Poudel M , Baral DD
Published: August 2017

Background: Due to its perception as a disease of development, road traffic accident and related injuries tend to be under recognized as a major health problem in developing countries. However, majority of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low income and middle income countries. Since the main cause of road traffic accident is attributed to human risky behaviors, it is important to identify significant factors for risky behaviors of drivers.Objective: To know the risk taking behavior among drivers and practices of driving.Methods: This population based cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Dharan, a township in Eastern Nepal. The study population includes of all long route drivers who are registered in membership of vehicle organization. Modified semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS version 11.5 computer software was used for data entry and analysis.Results: Majority of study population belong to 25-29 years group. Majority of the drivers had valid license (98%) and about 68.9% drivers didn’t had any formal driving training school prior starting driving vehicle Most of them drive in high speed at highways but majority ignored that they take alcohol while driving. with growing age, years of driving had correlation of accidents among drivers populationConclusion: Study population comprises of youth drivers and most they had valid lenience. With the growing age drivers are neglecting traffic rules and sings and young driver are driving vehicles with overconfidently Health Renaissance 2015;13 (3): 1-6
Clinical profile of retinoblastoma presenting in a tertiary care hospital, eastern Nepal
Authors: Lavaju Poonam , Badhu BP , Shah S , Chaudhary SK , Upadhyaya P
Published: August 2017

Background: Retinoblastoma is the commonest primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. Under-standing the different modes of presentation with timely intervention are associated with prognosis.Objective: To determine the clinical profile of retinoblastoma and its association with optic nerve infiltration by tumor.  Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical records and histopathological reports of patients admitted with retinoblastoma in a tertiary heath care center, eastern Nepal (June 2009 to July 2012) was carried out.Results: A total of 27 patients (28 eyes) with retinoblastoma were studied. The mean age at presentation was 2.89 ± 0.93 years. The mean duration of symptoms to presentation was 3.35 month, ranged from 7 days to 2 years. Male to female ratio was 3:2. Thirty-three percent patients were Muslims. Twentyseven patients (96.3%) had unilateral eye involvement. The commonest mode of presentation was leukocoria in 23 eyes (85.2%) followed by redness 9 eyes (33.3%), proptosis in 5 eyes (18.5%) and phthisis bulbi in one eye (3.7%). Histopathological reports of 26 eyes confirmed the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. One patient with distant metastases was referred to oncology center. Infiltration of the optic nerve by tumor cells was seen in five eyes (18.5%); of which two cases had proptosis (p-0.166). At two years follow up, recurrence was seen in one patient with proptosis and optic nerve infiltration (p-0.136). Age at presentation was positively associated with recurrence of tumor (p-0.005).Conclusion: Leucokoria was the most common mode of presentation of retinoblastoma. Larger sample size with longer follow up is required to come to a definite association with optic nerve infiltration by tumor. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (3): 129-136
Randomized controlled trial comparing outcome of use of staples and nylon sutures for closure in elective orthopedic surgery
Authors: Chaudhary Pashupati , Shrestha B P , Khanal G K , Rijal R , Maharjan R
Published: August 2017

Background: Wound complications are one of the major sources of morbidity after orthopaedic procedures and can prolong the inpatient stay or lead to re-admission. The most commonly used methods for skin closure after orthopaedic surgery are metal staples or nylon sutures Both methods act to hold the skin edges together while healing occurs. Metal staples are said to be superior as they are regarded as quicker as and easier than sutures.Objective: To compare outcome of use of staples and nylon sutures for wound closure in elective orthopedic surgery in term of infection rate,cosmetic appearance(Scar), time taken for skin closure.Methods: It is randomised controlled trial done on patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery at department of Orthopaedics at BPKIHS were included in the study. During procedure patients were evaluated for time taken for suture application or any complications.Results: A total of 60 patients (38 male and 22 female) were included in the study. Twenty two patients were between 41-55 years age group followed by fifteen patients between 25-40 yrs, twelve patients less than 25 age group and eleven patients more than 55 years. The average blood loss is 5 ml in K-wire group and 145 ml in plate group. The procedure time is 33 mins as comprared to 53 mins in plate group.Conclusion: Metal staples are superior as they are regarded as quicker and easier than nylon sutures. But use of metal staples or clips has a greater risk of wound infection and less acceptable cosmetically than sutures. Metal staples are more expensive. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (3): 137-143
Preparation of Joint Faulting Data for the Local Calibration of AASHTO Pavement Mechanistic–Empirical Design in Louisiana
Authors: Xiao Danny X. , Wu Zhong , Zhang Zhongjie
Published: August 2017

Louisiana utilized performance data from the pavement management system (PMS) to evaluate and calibrate the AASHTO Pavement Mechanistic–Empirical (ME) Design. Analysis of the PMS faulting data revealed that there were no records between 0 and 0.2 in. (5 mm); others over 0.2 in. (5 mm) appeared to be much greater than would be expected based on engineering experience. Therefore, several tasks were completed to validate the PMS faulting data and prepare them for local calibration. This paper presents details of the problem, approach, results, and lessons learned. First, faulting data from the PMS and Long-Term Pavement Performance database were analyzed to have an overview of the common range of joint faulting. To validate the PMS faulting data, 43 representative projects across Louisiana were selected for further analysis. Longitudinal profiles were collected with high-speed profilers and analyzed with the AASHTO R36 automated faulting measurement (AFM) algorithms. Manual measurements were also conducted during site visits. The comparison of faulting from different methods showed that the PMS data extremely overestimated faulting compared with the AFM estimation or the manual measurement. Results from the AFM algorithm were much closer (in the same magnitude) to the manual measurements. Therefore, faulting data from the AFM algorithm were used, and the faulting model was successfully calibrated. It is recommended to evaluate PMS faulting data carefully before applying them to calibrate the AASHTO Pavement ME Design software. Automated faulting measurement based on high-speed profiles is a feasible approach.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Quantitation of Clarithromycin in Matrix Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Alam Md Mahbubul , Hossain Md Shahadat , Bhadra Subrata , Kumar Uttom , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: July 2017

This study was aimed to develop a simple, sensitive and rapid procedure for the analysis of clarithromycin in pure as well as in matrix tablet dosage form by using RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic separation was achieved by a reversed phase C18 column (150 mm length × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 ?m particle size) in an isocratic mode with mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and 0.035 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.4 ± 0.017) in a ratio of (55: 45, v/v). The eluent was pumped at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min and the effluent was monitored using UV detector at 210 nm. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, specificity, ruggedness and robustness. It was found to be linear over the concentration range of 320- 480 ?g/ml (R2= 0.9993) with detection limit of 0.04 ?g/mL. Considering the specifications of this method, the system was found to be suitable for rapid and routine analysis of clarithromycin in pure and matrix tablet dosage form.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 69-75, 2017 (June)
No Room for Mistakes: The Impact of the Social Unconscious on Organizational Learning in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kjellstrand Indira , Vince Russ
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to add to existing work on the theme of power, emotion, and organizational learning. The study was undertaken in Kazakhstan, where tensions between old and new regimes provide an environment that is rich in emotion and power/politics; and offer an opportunity to study the interplay between emotion and power during individual and organizational attempts to learn. The social unconscious is used as a conceptual frame to identify underlying dynamics that impact on organizational learning. The empirical study illustrates a social fantasy concerning the fear of mistakes and its consequences. This fantasy is sustained through blaming and punishing the people who make mistakes, and through feelings of internalised embarrassment and guilt that are enacted through interpersonal relations of shaming and being ashamed. Our contribution to knowledge arises from employing a concept (social unconscious) that has not been used to study organizational learning within a social and organizational context for organizational learning (Kazakhstan) that has not yet been studied. The practical purpose of this paper is to improve our knowledge of the social and political context of organizational learning in post-Soviet Kazakhstan through understanding unconscious dynamics that both inform and undermine attempts to learn.
Decadal Spatial-Temporal Variations in the Spatial Pattern of Anomalies of Extreme Precipitation Thresholds (Case Study: Northwest Iran)
Authors: Rousta Iman , Nasserzadeh Mohammad , Jalali Masoud , Haghighi Esmaeil , Ólafsson Haraldur , Ashrafi Saeide , Doostkamian Mehdi , Ghasemi Ali
Published: August 2017

This study focused on decadalvariations of extreme precipitation thresholds within a 50-year period (1961–2010) for 250 stations of Iran’s northwest. The 99th percentile was used as the threshold of extreme precipitation. In order to analyze threshold cycles and spatial autocorrelation pattern dominating extreme precipitation thresholds, spectral analysis and Gi (known as HOTSPOT) were used respectively. The results revealed that the highest threshold of extreme precipitation occurred along the Ghoosheh Dagh mountain range. Additionally, in all the five studied decades, the highest positive anomalies were observed in the same region (i.e., the Ghoosheh Dagh). The findings also showed that the intensity of positive spatial autocorrelation pattern of extreme precipitation thresholds experienced a declining trend in recent decades. At the same time, extreme precipitation weighted mean center indicated that they followed an ordered pattern during the studied period. The results of harmonic analysis demonstrated that, in all decades, short-term (2–4 years) and mid-term (4–8 years) cycles of extreme precipitation thresholds were dominated. However, especially the southwest of the studied area, the return period of extreme precipitation thresholds was as long as the studied period, a phenomenon that indicates the existence of a trend in extreme precipitation thresholds of these regions.
On the Modelling and Control of a Laboratory Prototype of a Hydraulic Canal Based on a TITO Fractional-Order Model
Authors: San-Millan Andres , Feliu-Talegón Daniel , Feliu-Batlle Vicente , Rivas-Perez Raul
Published: August 2017

In this paper a two-input, two-output (TITO) fractional order mathematical model of a laboratory prototype of a hydraulic canal is proposed. This canal is made up of two pools that have a strong interaction between them. The inputs of the TITO model are the pump flow and the opening of an intermediate gate, and the two outputs are the water levels in the two pools. Based on the experiments developed in a laboratory prototype the parameters of the mathematical models have been identified. Then, considering the TITO model, a first control loop of the pump is closed to reproduce real-world conditions in which the water level of the first pool is not dependent on the opening of the upstream gate, thus leading to an equivalent single input, single output (SISO) system. The comparison of the resulting system with the classical first order systems typically utilized to model hydraulic canals shows that the proposed model has significantly lower error: about 50%, and, therefore, higher accuracy in capturing the canal dynamics. This model has also been utilized to optimize the design of the controller of the pump of the canal, thus achieving a faster response to step commands and thus minimizing the interaction between the two pools of the experimental platform.
Windbreak Effects Within Infinite Wind Farms
Authors: Tobin Nicolas , Chamorro Leonardo
Published: August 2017

Building upon a recent study that showed windbreaks to be effective in increasing the power output of a wind turbine, the potential of windbreaks in a large wind farm is explored using simplified formulations. A top-down boundary layer approach is combined with methods of estimating both the roughness effects of windbreaks and the induced inviscid speed-up for nearby turbines to investigate power production impact for several layouts of infinite wind farms. Results suggest that the negative impact of windbreak wakes for an infinite wind farm will outweigh the local inviscid speed-up for realistic inter-turbine spacings, with the break-even point expected at a spacing of ∼25 rotor diameters. However, the possibility that windbreaks may be applicable in finite and other wind farm configurations remains open. Inspection of the windbreak porosity reveals an impact on the magnitude of power perturbation, but not whether the change is positive or negative. Predictions from the boundary-layer approach are validated with power measurements from large-eddy simulations.
A Simplified Microgrid Model for the Validation of Islanded Control Logics
Authors: Bonfiglio Andrea , Brignone Massimo , Invernizzi Marco , Labella Alessandro , Mestriner Daniele , Procopio Renato
Published: August 2017

Microgrids (MGs) may represent a solution in the near future to many problems in the energy and electric world scenarios; such as pollution, high reliability, efficiency and so on. In particular, MGs’ capability to work in an islanded configuration represents one of their most interesting features in terms of the improvement of the reliability of the system, the integration of renewable energy sources and the exploitation of the quick response and flexibility of power electronic devices in a stand-alone system. In order to study and validate innovative solutions and control strategies for islanded operation, there is a need to develop models for MG structures that can be reliable and sufficiently simple to be used for the purpose of the design and validation of innovative control systems. This paper proposes a simplified, first harmonic model for a generic structure of MG characterized by its use of only electronic power converter interfaced generation. The main advantages of the proposed method lie in the model’s simplicity and its reduced solving time, thanks to the limited number of necessary parameters to describe the system. Moreover, the developed formulation allows the avoidance of specific (and often licensed) software to simulate the system. The performances of the proposed model have been validated by means of a comparative analysis of the results obtained against a more accurate representation of the system performed in the power system CAD—electromagnetic transient and DC (PSCAD—EMTDC) environment, which allows for the representation of each component with a very high level of detail. Such comparison has been performed using the University of Genoa Savona Campus Smart Polygeneration Microgrid testbed facility, due to the availability of all the necessary numerical values.
AC Transmission Emulation Control Strategies for the BTB VSC HVDC System in the Metropolitan Area of Seoul
Authors: Song Sungyoon , Kim Jongin , Lee Junghun , Jang Gilsoo
Published: August 2017

In the Korean power system, growing power loads have recently created the problems of voltage instability and fault current in the Seoul Capital Area (SCA). Accordingly, the back-to-back (BTB) voltage source converter (VSC) high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) system is emerging to resolve such problems with grid segmentation. However, non-convergence problems occur in this metropolitan area, due to the large change of power flow in some contingencies. Therefore, this paper proposes two kinds of AC transmission emulation control (ATEC) strategies to improve the metropolitan transient stability, and to resolve the non-convergence problem. The proposed ATEC strategies are able to mitigate possible overloading of adjacent AC transmission, and maintain power balance between metropolitan regions. The first ATEC strategy uses a monitoring system that permits the reverse power flow of AC transmission, and thus effectively improves the grid stability based on the power transfer equation. The second ATEC strategy emulates AC transmission with DC link capacitors in a permissible DC-link voltage range according to angle difference, and securely improves the gird stability, without requiring grid operator schedule decisions. This paper compares two kinds of ATEC schemes: it demonstrates the first ATEC strategy with specific fault scenario with PSS/E (Power Transmission System Planning Software), and evaluates the second ATEC strategy with internal controller performance with PSCAD/EMTDC (Power System Electromagnetic Transients Simulation Software).
Surface State across Scales; Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Land Surface Freeze/Thaw Dynamics
Authors: Bergstedt Helena , Bartsch Annett
Published: August 2017

Freezing and thawing of the land surface affects ecosystem and hydrological processes, the geotechnical properties of soil and slope stability. Currently, available datasets on land surface state lack either sufficient temporal or spatial resolution to adequately characterize the complexity of freeze/thaw transition period dynamics. Surface state changes can be detected using microwave remote sensing methods. Data available from scatterometer and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors have been used in the past in regional- to continental-scale approaches to monitor freeze/thaw transitions. This study aims to identify temporal and spatial patterns in freeze/thaw dynamics associated with the issue of differing temporal and spatial resolutions. For this purpose, two datasets representing the timing of freeze/thaw cycles at different resolutions and spatial extents were chosen. The used Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) Surface State Product offers daily circumpolar information from 2007–2013 for a 12.5-km grid. The SAR freeze/thaw product offers information of day of thawing and freezing for the years 2005–2010 with a nominal resolution of 500 m and a temporal resolution of up to twice per week. In order to assess the importance of scale when describing temporal and spatial patterns of freeze/thaw processes, the two datasets were compared for spring and autumn periods for the maximum number of overlapping years 2007–2010. The analysis revealed non-linear landscape specific relationships between the two scales, as well as distinct differences between the results for thawing and re-freezing periods. The results suggest that the integration of globally available high temporal resolution scatterometer data and higher spatial resolution SAR data could be a promising step towards monitoring surface state changes on a seasonal, as well as daily and circumpolar, as well as local scale.
Effect of Job Strain on Job Burnout, Mental Fatigue and Chronic Diseases among Civil Servants in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China
Authors: Guan Suzhen , Xiaerfuding Xiadiya , Ning Li , Lian Yulong , Jiang Yu , Liu Jiwen , Ng Tzi
Published: August 2017

Job strain is a major concern in view of its effects among civil servants associated with job burnout, mental fatigue and chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the job strain level among civil servants and examine the effect of job strain on job burnout, mental fatigue and the resulting chronic diseases. A cross-sectional study with a representative sample consisting of 5000 civil servants was conducted from March to August 2014. Using a structured questionnaire, the job strain level, job burnout and mental fatigue were measured by using the Personal Strain Questionnaire (PSQ), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), respectively. Overall, 33.8% of the civil servants were found to be afflicted with high and moderate job strain. The characteristics of most of the civil servants with a higher-job strain level were as follows: female, Uygur, lower educational level and job title rank, shorter working experience, married marital status, and lower income level. Civil servants suffering from chronic disease mainly had hypertension and coronary heart disease, which accounted for 18.5% of the diseases. Civil servants with a high-job strain level exhibited higher rates of burnout, mental fatigue scores and incidence of chronic diseases. There was a multiple linear regression model composed of three predictor variables in job burnout, which accounted for 45.0% of its occurrence: female gender, lower-income level, higher-job strain in civil servants, the greater the rate of job burnout was. Four factors—male gender, lower-job title rank, higher-job strain, shorter-job tenure of civil servants—explained 25.0% of the mental fatigue model. Binary logistic regression showed that intermediate-rank employees (OR = 0.442, 95% CI: 0.028–0.634; p < 0.05), job tenure of 10–20 years (OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.359–0.989; p < 0.05), and low-job strain (OR = 0.657, 95% CI: 0.052–0.698; p < 0.05) were all associated with significantly lower odds of chronic disease. The risk of chronic disease was higher in civil servants with high-job burnout scores and mental fatigue scores compared with civil servants with lower scores (OR = 1.139, 95% CI: 1.012–3.198; OR = 1.697, 95% CI: 1.097–2.962). These data provide evidence for the effects of job strain on job burnout, mental fatigue and chronic diseases among civil servants.
Molecular Interactions of Autophagy with the Immune System and Cancer
Authors: Jin Yunho , Hong Yunkyung , Park Chan , Hong Yonggeun
Published: August 2017

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic mechanism that mediates the degradation of damaged cellular components by inducing their fusion with lysosomes. This process provides cells with an alternative source of energy for the synthesis of new proteins and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in stressful environments. Autophagy protects against cancer by mediating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immune receptors and lymphocytes (T and B) are modulated by autophagy, which represent innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively. Numerous studies have demonstrated beneficial roles for autophagy induction as well as its suppression of cancer cells. Autophagy may induce either survival or death depending on the cell/tissue type. Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat cancer by inducing autophagy in human cancer cell lines. Additionally, melatonin appears to affect cancer cell death by regulating programmed cell death. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of autophagy and its regulation in cancer.
Coral-Derived Natural Marine Compound GB9 Impairs Vascular Development in Zebrafish
Authors: Song Yi-Chun , Wu Bao-Jueng , Chiu Chien-Chih , Chen Chun-Lin , Zhou Jun-Qing , Liang Shuo-Rong , Duh Chang-Yih , Sung Ping-Jyun , Wen Zhi-Hong , Wu Chang-Yi
Published: August 2017

Blood vessels in vertebrates are established and genetically controlled in an evolutionarily-conserved manner during embryogenesis. Disruption of vascular growth by chemical compounds or environmental hormones may cause developmental defects. This study analyzed the vascular impacts of marine compound GB9 in zebrafish. GB9 was isolated from the marine soft coral Capnella imbricata and had shown anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. However, the role of GB9 on vascular development has not been reported. We first tested the survival rate of embryos under exogenous 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 μM GB9 added to the medium and determined a sub-lethal dosage of 10 μM GB9 for further assay. Using transgenic Tg(fli:eGFP) fish to examine vascular development, we found that GB9 treatment impaired intersegmental vessel (ISV) growth and caudal vein plexus (CVP) patterning at 25 hours post-fertilization (hpf) and 30 hpf. GB9 exposure caused pericardial edema and impaired circulation at 48–52 hpf, which are common secondary effects of vascular defects and suggest the effects of GB9 on vascular development. Apoptic cell death analysis showed that vascular defects were not caused by cell death, but were likely due to the inhibition of migration and/or proliferation by examining ISV cell numbers. To test the molecular mechanisms of vascular defects in GB9-treated embryos, we examined the expression of vascular markers and found the decreased expression of vascular specific markers ephrinb2, flk, mrc1, and stabilin. In addition, we examined whether GB9 treatment impairs vascular growth due to an imbalance of redox homeostasis. We found an enhanced effect of vascular defects during GB9 and H2O2 co-treatment. Moreover, exogenous N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) treatment rescued the vascular defects in GB9 treated embryos. Our results showed that GB9 exposure causes vascular defects likely mediated by the imbalance of redox homeostasis.
Prevention of Gastric Cancer: Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori and Beyond
Authors: Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Nakagawa Mitsuru , Kiriyama Yuka , Toyoda Takeshi , Cao Xueyuan
Published: August 2017

Although its prevalence is declining, gastric cancer remains a significant public health issue. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is known to colonize the human stomach and induce chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. Results using a Mongolian gerbil model revealed that H. pylori infection increased the incidence of carcinogen-induced adenocarcinoma, whereas curative treatment of H. pylori significantly lowered cancer incidence. Furthermore, some epidemiological studies have shown that eradication of H. pylori reduces the development of metachronous cancer in humans. However, other reports have warned that human cases of atrophic metaplastic gastritis are already at risk for gastric cancer development, even after eradication of these bacteria. In this article, we discuss the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication and the morphological changes that occur in gastric dysplasia/cancer lesions. We further assess the control of gastric cancer using various chemopreventive agents.
Characterization of OT4-1 Alloy by Multi-Dome Forming Test
Authors: Zakhariev Ivan , Aksenov Sergey , Kotov Anton , Kolesnikov Aleksey
Published: August 2017

In this study, the rheological characteristics of a titanium alloy have been obtained by multi-dome bulging test. Free bulging process is an experimental technique that can be used to characterize material in conditions of biaxial tension during superplastic, as well as conventional, hot forming. The constitutive constants are calculated on a base of the information about the bulge geometry, applied pressure, and forming time. A multi-dome forming test allows one to reduce the number of the experiments required for the characterization, since every multi-dome test produces several domes of different size. In this study, a specific die for multi-dome test was used. The die has six holes with different radiuses of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 mm. During a test, the specimen is clamped between blank holder and die holder, heated to a specific temperature, and formed by applying constant gas pressure. The experiments were conducted at different temperatures for OT4-1 titanium alloy. The constitutive constants were obtained by processing the experimental data using two different techniques and compared with tensile test results. In order to estimate the influence of friction on the experimental results and to verify obtained material characteristics, finite element (FE) simulation was performed. Finally, the results of FE simulation were compared with the experimental data. The results of the simulation show the advantage of material characterization based on multi dome tests and its interpretation by inverse analysis. The deviations produced by the effect of friction are more significant when the direct approach is applied instead of inverse analysis with a semi analytical model of the bulging process.
Hot Press as a Sustainable Direct Recycling Technique of Aluminium: Mechanical Properties and Surface Integrity
Authors: Yusuf Nur Kamilah , Lajis Mohd Amri , Ahmad Azlan
Published: August 2017

Meltless recycling technique has been utilized to overcome the lack of primary resources, focusing on reducing the usage of energy and materials. Hot press was proposed as a novel direct recycling technique which results in astoundingly low energy usage in contrast with conventional recycling. The aim of this study is to prove the technical feasibility of this approach by characterizing the recycled samples. For this purpose, AA6061 aluminium chips were recycled by utilizing hot press process under various operating temperature (Ts = 430, 480, and 530 °C) and holding times (ts = 60, 90, and 120 min). The maximum mechanical properties of recycled chip are Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) = 266.78 MPa, Elongation to failure (ETF) = 16.129%, while, for surface integrity of the chips, the calculated microhardness is 81.744 HV, exhibited at Ts = 530 °C and ts = 120 min. It is comparable to theoretical AA6061 T4-temper where maximum UTS and microhardness is increased up to 9.27% and 20.48%, respectively. As the desired mechanical properties of forgings can only be obtained by means of a final heat treatment, T5-temper, aging after forging process was employed. Heat treated recycled billet AA6061 (T5-temper) are considered comparable with as-received AA6061 T6, where the value of microhardness (98.649 HV) at 175 °C and 120 min of aging condition was revealed to be greater than 3.18%. Although it is quite early to put a base mainly on the observations in experimental settings, the potential for significant improvement offered by the direct recycling methods for production aluminium scrap can be clearly demonstrated. This overtures perspectives for industrial development of solid state recycling processes as environmentally benign alternatives of current melting based practices.
Effects of SiC Nanoparticles on the Properties of Titanium-Matrix Foams Processed by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Edalati Ensieh , Sajjadi Seyed , Babakhani Abolfazl
Published: August 2017

Metal-matrix foams are used widely for structural applications such as impact energy absorption, vibration resistance and weight reduction. In this study titanium nanocomposite foams with different porosity percentages were produced using TiH2, as foaming agent, by powder metallurgy technique. At first, raw materials including titanium powder and different weight percentages of SiC nanoparticles were mixed and then different amounts of TiH2 were added to the mixture. The mixture was compacted at 200 MPa. The samples were heat treated in two stages, first at 400 °C for 1 h, as a partial sintering, and then at 1050 °C for 2 h, as foaming treatment. Mechanical and structural properties such as compressive strength, energy absorption, porosity percentage and relative density of samples were measured and compared together. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed on foaming agent and samples. The results showed uniform distribution of SiC nanoparticles in titanium matrix and also homogenous pore structure. It was concluded that with increasing SiC weight percent, relative density is increased to 0.43 in the sample with 1.5 wt % SiC. Besides, the measured compressive strength of samples was in the range of 14.4–32.3 MPa. Moreover, it was concluded that the energy absorption of samples increases with increasing SiC nano particles up to 33.09 MJ/m3.
An Efficient One-Pot Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted 5-Nitroimidazoles Displaying Antiparasitic and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Mathias Fanny , Kabri Youssef , Okdah Liliane , Di Giorgio Carole , Rolain Jean-Marc , Spitz Cédric , Crozet Maxime , Vanelle Patrice
Published: August 2017

A one-pot regioselective bis-Suzuki-Miyaura or Suzuki-Miyaura/Sonogashira reaction on 2,4-dibromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole under microwave heating was developed. This method is applicable to a wide range of (hetero)arylboronic acids and terminal alkynes. Additionally, this approach provides a simple and efficient way to synthesize 2,4-disubstituted 5-nitroimidazole derivatives with antibacterial and antiparasitic properties.
Nontargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Four Different Parts of Platycodon grandiflorum Grown in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Cuizhu , Zhang Nanqi , Wang Zhenzhou , Qi Zeng , Zhu Hailin , Zheng Bingzhen , Li Pingya , Liu Jinping
Published: August 2017

Platycodonis radix is extensively used for treating cough, excessive phlegm, sore throat, bronchitis and asthma in the clinic. Meanwhile, the stems, leaves and seeds of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) have some pharmaceutical activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects, etc. These effects must be caused by the different metabolites in various parts of herb. In order to profile the different parts of PG, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of- flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MSE) coupled with UNIFI platform and multivariate statistical analyses was used in this study. Consequently, for the constituent screening, 73, 42, 35, 44 compounds were characterized from the root, stem, leaf and seed, respectively. The stem, leaf and seed contain more flavonoids but few saponins that can be easily discriminated in the root. For the metabolomic analysis, 15, 5, 7, 11 robust biomarkers enabling the differentiation among root, stem, leaf and seed, were discovered. These biomarkers can be used for rapid identification of four different parts of PG grown in northeast China.
Essential Oils and Their Constituents: An Alternative Source for Novel Antidepressants
Authors: De Sousa Damião , Silva Rayanne , Silva Epifanio , Gavioli Elaine
Published: August 2017

Depression is a disease that has affected a high proportion of the world’s population and people of different ages, incapacitating them from good performance at work and in social relationships, and causing emotional disorders to millions of families. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic agents is considered a priority for the discovery of more effective forms of treatment. In this review, studies of essential oils and their constituents in experimental models related to depression are discussed. The mechanisms of action of the oils and the presence of psychoactive constituents in their chemical compositions are discussed. The data in the review show the therapeutic potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents for use in depressive disorders. Advanced studies using humans are needed to confirm the antidepressant properties described in animals.
Ongoing Conflict Makes Yemen Dark: From the Perspective of Nighttime Light
Authors: Jiang Wei , He Guojin , Long Tengfei , Liu Huichan
Published: August 2017

The Yemen conflict has caused a severe humanitarian crisis. This study aims to evaluate the Yemen crisis by making use of time series nighttime light images from the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite sensor (NPP-VIIRS). We develop a process flow to correct NPP-VIIRS nighttime light from April 2012 to March 2017 by employing the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) stable nighttime light image. The time series analyses at national scales show that there is a sharp decline in the study period from February 2015 to June 2015 and that the total nighttime light (TNL) of Yemen decreased by 71.60% in response to the decline period. The nighttime light in all provinces also showed the same decline period, which indicates that the Saudi-led airstrikes caused widespread and severe humanitarian crisis in Yemen. Spatial pattern analysis shows that the areas of declining nighttime light are mainly concentrated in Sana’a, Dhamar, Ibb, Ta’izz, ’Adan, Shabwah and Hadramawt. According to the validation with high-resolution images, the decline in nighttime light in Western cities is caused by the damage of urban infrastructure, including airports and construction; moreover, the reason for the decline in nighttime light in eastern cities is the decrease in oil exploration. Using nighttime light remote sensing imagery, our findings suggest that war made Yemen dark and provide support for international humanitarian assistance organizations.
Ocean Oil Spill Classification with RADARSAT-2 SAR Based on an Optimized Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Song Dongmei , Ding Yaxiong , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Biao , Xu Mingyu
Published: August 2017

Oil spill accidents from ship or oil platform cause damage to marine and coastal environment and ecosystems. To monitor such spill events from space, fully polarimetric (Pol-SAR) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been greatly used in improving oil spill observation. Aiming to promote ocean oil spill classification accuracy, we developed a new oil spill identification method by combining multiple fully polarimetric SAR features data with an optimized wavelet neural network classifier (WNN). Two sets of RADARSAT-2 fully polarimetric SAR data are applied to test the validity of the developed method. The experimental results show that: (1) the convergence ability of optimized WNN can be enhanced, improving overall classification accuracy of ocean oil spill, in comparison to the classification results based on a common un-optimized WNN classifier; and (2) the joint use of the multiple fully Pol-SAR features as the inputs of the classifier can achieve better classification result than that only with single fully Pol-SAR feature. The developed method can improve classification accuracy by 4.96% and 7.75%, compared with the classification results with un-optimized WNN and only with one single fully polarimetric SAR feature. The classification overall accuracy based on the proposed approach can reach 97.67%. Experimental results have proven that the proposed approach is effective and applicable to classify the ocean oil spill.