bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Friendly Family Practice in Reducing Employee Turnover in Malaysian Private Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Teh Nelson Song Aik
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of the research is to identify the effectiveness of implementing family-friendly practices in reducing turnover amongst academicians in private higher education institutions, with the mediator effect on job satisfaction. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the employee turnover problem indicates that friendly family practice includes three dimensions: flexible working arrangements, parental leave and childcare benefits. During the investigation, these three variables will be evaluated for their relationship with turnover and whether there is any significant or effective association among the variables. The research proves that for many private higher educational institutions, the expansion required a considerable effort to have knowledgeable academicians and skillful employees. Thus, they could deliver their professions and skills to achieve education goals. However, retaining the employee is always the main issue faced by many institutions and many scholars have formulated strategies to minimise turnover. Most of them claim that if the strategies are properly implemented, organization turnover will be reduced, thus developing a highly committed and motivated employee. Hence, this study has developed five (5) research questions and ten (10) hypotheses. To test the hypotheses, a sample of 316 employees from different educational institutions was selected through a cluster sampling method to respond to the questionnaire. The methodological tools of the conducted research were methods of multivariate statistical analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The outcome of the research provided researchers with an understanding that flexible work arrangements, provision of parental leave and childcare benefits have a significant negative relationship with employee turnover intention. Besides that, the outcome also confirmed that there is a mediation effect of job satisfaction towards family-friendly practices and turnover intention
Coalition Governance: Unchartered Waters in South African Political Landscape
Authors: Makole Dr Kaizer Raseane , Ntshangase Dr Bhekabantu Alson , Adewumi Samson Adeoluwa
Published: January 2023

Coalition governance in South Africa is adjudged as an opportunity for nation-building and social compact, which intends to jettison the apartheid legacy of racial and social separation. Coalition governance in South Africa quintessentially demonstrates a maturing nation-building project whereby political parties embrace a cohesive spirit for democratic governance and citizenship representation. However, the lack of consensus about a developmental posture to drive nation-building in South Africa put different political parties on antithetical dissimulations that undermine effective coalition governance in both national and local governmental spheres. An era of dominant party hegemony is approaching its final demise, which challenges political parties to build workable and collaborative consensus toward leading South Africa out of its current developmental stagnation. The study examines the challenges and opportunities of coalition governance in South Africa. The objective of the paper is to understand how coalition building can be a leverage for Nation building in the context of South African political structure. A qualitative study is undertaken by analyzing strategic and policy documents of political parties and journal articles to examine challenges and opportunities for coalition governance in South Africa. The thematic content analysis examines emerging patterns from primary and secondary documentary sources to generate relevant themes that influence and guide conceptualization, challenges, and opportunities for coalition governance in South Africa. Findings revealed that a major challenge for coalition governance in South Africa is political brinkmanship by political parties who negotiate in bad faith, demanding more concessions than votes garnered from election results, which demonstrates political immaturity. However, a positive aspect of coalition governance might be for parties to formalize binding coalition agreements that can serve as conflict management mechanisms that can compel parties to demonstrate reciprocal accountability during governance.
The Impact of Corporate Social Investment on Customer Loyalty in the Gaming Industry
Authors: Msosa Steven Kayambazinthu
Published: January 2023

Sports betting has become a very profitable business of late. For instance, in 2020, it contributed 48% of Africa’s Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR), and the South African Bookmaking business was ranked ninth in the world for web traffic. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that the industry is saturated with many betting companies. Companies that conduct business in the gambling industry in South Africa are obliged to provide a charitable contribution equal to a certain percentage of either their annual revenue or, more specifically, their after-tax net profit to be eligible for a gaming license. Before the company can be granted the license, it is necessary for them to make this contribution first. Under this legislation, operators are evaluated based on a variety of criteria, including ownership, management control, employment equity, skills development, preferential procurement, enterprise development, and socio-economic development. The B-BB-EE Act compels operators to be evaluated in line with these factors. Therefore, this study analyzed the impact of Corporate Social Investment on Customer loyalty in the Gaming Industry. This study adopted a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional approach. A nonprobability sampling technique known as convenience sampling was used to collect data from 150 customers who made sports bets. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the primary data, which included descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as correlation and regression analyses. The study’s findings show that Corporate Social Investment has a positive (= 0.746) and statistically significant (p. value<0.05) impact on customer loyalty. This study has contributed to the literature on Corporate Social Investment and customer loyalty in the Gaming industry, with specific reference to a developing country, South Africa. The recommendations provided as a result of the conducted research can be useful for managers of bookmaking companies to ensure the long-lasting impact of various initiatives in the field of corporate social investment on society, thereby creating goodwill that, in the long-run, contributes to customer loyalty.
Recensione: Torresan, Paolo. (2022). Un alfabeto di 73 lettere. Strategie per la didattica linguistica. Pearson Academy.
Authors: Benatti Ruben
Published: January 2023

La presente recensione punta a fornire una descrizione e una valutazione critica del volume di Paolo Torresan Un Alfabeto di 73 Lettere. Strategie per la Didattica Linguistica. Nella prima sezione vengono delineati l'argomento e la struttura del la-voro, descrivendone brevemente le tre parti che lo compongono. Nella seconda sezione vengono approfonditi i contenuti delle singole parti e i rispettivi capitoli. Nella terza sezione si individuano i possibili fruitori del libro ed infine, nella quarta e ultima sezione, si tenta una valutazione in prospettiva critica, sottolineandone i punti di forza ed eventuali criticità.
Az L-arginin szerepe és hatása az emberi szervezetre
Authors: Fritz Péter , Mayer Lívia
Published: January 2023

Az L-arginin feltételesen esszenciális aminosav, fehérjéink egyik építőköve. A szervezet képes előállítani, de bizonyos állapotokban kialakulhat a hiánya. Intenzív és hosszan elhúzódó szellemi vagy fizikai terhelés, betegség következtében étrend-kiegészítő formájában történő pótlására is szükség lehet. Több anyagcsere-útvonal is hasznosítja, fogyasztása hatással van a szervezet ammóniaürítésére, az oxigén- és tápanyagszállításra, a kreatinszintézisre és a nitrogén-monoxid-termelésre is. Ezzel befolyásolja többek közöt a méregtelenítést, a szív- és érrendszer állapotát, valamint a sportteljesítményt. Az L-arginin globális piaca szerteágazó. Az étrend-kiegészítés mellet a kozmetikai és testápolási iparban is egyre növekszik a felhasználása.
Recreational activities of moms : Comparative Study of Recreational Activities of Mothers in Hungary and Jordan
Authors: Abu Khadra Farah , Marton Gergely , Vargáné Szalai Kata , Takruri Lina , Kertai Bendegúz , Tóth Ákos Levente
Published: January 2023

Introducton: mothers around the world are at increased risk for health-related problems because of the level of inactvity before, during, and afer pregnancy. Recreatonal habits in diferent countries may difer. The experience gained from comparing these habits can provide useful informaton for each country. Aims: to examine among Hungarian and Jordanian mothers who have at least one child, what leisure ctvites are usually practced and to compare their general health and recreatonal actvites based on their self-report. Online questonnaires were conducted in both countries. Results: Jogging/running and aerobics were the most common before pregnancy. During pregnancy, walking, watching TV, reading, and various actvites at home were the most common actvites among women, but most of them were not physically actve. Hungarian women were more actve than Jordanians in all three observed stages. Nevertheless, they rated themselves less actve than Jordanians. Conclusion: in both countries, more atenton must be paid to pregnant women’s recreatonal actvites. For example, more special sessions must be organized and available for everyone.
New tourist needs and perceptions on sustainability during the pandemic: An analysis of Paracas National Reserve, Peru
Authors: Riofrio-Carbajal Marjorie , Luis Olavarria-Benavides Heber , Amadeo Robles-Fabian Daniel , Cordova-Buiza Franklin
Published: January 2023

Tourism has shown relevance worldwide due to its economic and social significance. However, the pandemic has given rise to new perspectives on sustainable development. Thus, it is vital to identify new tourist needs and impressions about tourist attractions. The Paracas National Reserve attracts thousands of people yearly and seeks to protect the marine-coastal ecosystems home to extraordinary biological diversity. The study aims to define the perception of sustainability and the emerging needs of tourists from Lima, the capital of Peru, when visiting the Paracas National Reserve during the pandemic. The paper is non-experimental, quantitative, explanatory, and transversal research. A survey was applied to 83 respondents from Lima who had visited the Paracas National Reserve before and during the pandemic. For data collection, the survey technique with Google Forms was used; quantitative data were analyzed using MS Excel. The findings show that 88% of tourists prefer to travel with family or friends, 88.24% consider it essential to reduce the number of groups, 69.41% value social distancing, 60.2% note that the Reserve is well attended, 75.9% are satisfied with the activities carried out, and 94% find it a professional and entertaining experience. It is concluded that tourists from Lima are aware of valuing the biodiversity of the Paracas National Reserve during the pandemic and care for its environment. In addition, they care about staying healthy, considering all the recommended protocols.
The Factors of Millennials’ Continuance Intention to Use Digital Wallets in Indonesia
Authors: Soelasih Yasintha , Sumani Sumani
Published: January 2023

The growth of digital wallets increases the convenience of consumers in making transactions. The convenience that consumers feel in using digital wallets further increases their consumption. Companies influence the age group, such as millennials, with high potential in using digital wallets. The research emphasized the consumer behavior of millennials in using digital wallets. The study aimed to examine the variables that affected digital wallet users in terms of perceived usefulness, perceived risk, customer attitude, customer satisfaction, and continuance intention to use. The questionnaire was distributed using the G-form using the determination of respondents by purposive sampling. The number of respondents was 276. The measurement of reliability and validity used loadings values, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and discriminant validity. In measuring the fit model, the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) value was used. Then, the research used Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesis. The results show that perceived usefulness affects customer attitudes toward using digital wallets. Meanwhile, perceived risk has no effect on customer attitudes. Customer attitude impacts customer satisfaction and continuance intention to use digital wallet users directly and indirectly. Moreover, millennials strengthen the influence of customer attitude on continuance intention to use. The effect is negative, meaning that if the age of the millennials increases, it will cause a decreased attitude change towards continuance intention to use digital wallets.
Applicability of the HBV model to a human-influenced catchment in northern China
Authors: Wang Yueyang , Wang Yanjun , Wang Yan , Li Chenxi , Ju Qin , Jin Junliang , Deng Xiyuan , Sun Gaoxia , Bao Zhenxin
Published: January 2023

The Hydrologiska Byrans VattenbalansavdeIning (HBV) model is a catchment hydrological model that has been widely applied to hundreds of catchments worldwide. Taking the Nanjuma River Basin which is located in a semi-arid climate zone and has been highly regulated by human activities, as a case, the applicability of the HBV model to the basin was investigated. Results show that (1) due to environmental change, recorded stream flow of the Nanjuma River presented a significant decreasing trend, and the relationship between runoff and precipitation was changed as well, with the correlation coefficient decreasing from 0.58 in the natural period of 1961–1979 to 0.01 in a highly regulated period of 2000–2018. (2) The HBV model performs well on daily and monthly discharge simulation for the natural period with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients in calibration and validation periods of 0.63 and 0.81 for daily discharge simulation. (3) The HBV model's applicability would like to decrease when the Nanjuma River Basin was moderately and intensively regulated by human activities. The daily-scale NSEs in moderate-disturbance and intensive-disturbance phases are 0.42 and −0.3, which means the HBV model almost lost its capacity in capturing hydrological features for a highly regulated catchment.
Mario Alighiero Manacorda e a educação da classe trabalhadora na escola pública
Authors: Vieira Helen Cristina de Oliveira , Arnaut de Toledo Cézar de Alencar
Published: January 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar três contribuições de Mario Alighiero Manacorda ao campo da educação brasileira publicados na década de 1980. Os escritos do autor traduzidos no Brasil fortaleceram a discussão sobre a formação da classe trabalhadora e corroboraram com a defesa da escola pública, universal, gratuita e laica. Para tanto, foram examinadas duas entrevistas, uma publicada em 1986 e outra em 1987, e uma palestra proferida em 1987. No que se refere à fundamentação teórica, as análises estão ancoradas no materialismo histórico, especificamente nos escritos de Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels e Antonio Gramsci. Conclui-se que a escola pública é um ganho histórico da classe trabalhadora, deve ser mantida pelo Estado, mas, sem a sua interferência no que diz respeito à disseminação de ideologias. Nesse contexto, o papel da educação é proporcionar ao estudante a apropriação do que há de mais avançado e desenvolvido na ciência, tecnologia, esporte e arte com vistas à formação completa do homem.
Impacto de estudiar economía en el desarrollo laboral: el caso de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Authors: Trujillo Cubillas Humberto Alejandro , Gamboa Unsihuay Jesús Eduardo
Published: January 2023

La comprensión del desarrollo laboral de los egresados de una universidad permitirá ajustar los planes de estudio de los nuevos estudiantes para enfrentar con éxito el mercado laboral. En ese sentido, esta investigación explora el impacto de estudiar economía en los egresados de esta carrera en la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Se recogió información de encuestas realizadas entre el 2019 y el 2021 por la administración de la carrera, a las que se le aplicó procedimientos de limpieza de datos y análisis de clúster. El estudio dio como resultado tres clústeres: el primero está formado por egresados que estudiaron bajo el Plan de Estudios del año 2012 y en su mayoría son emprendedores, no están vinculados con su carrera, están satisfechos con sus estudios y tienen salarios medios. Los otros dos clústeres están constituidos por egresados formados bajo el Plan de Estudios del año 2001: el segundo clúster agrupa a los vinculados con sus carreras, satisfechos con sus estudios y que perciben salarios altos; el tercer clúster agrupa a los que no están vinculados con su carrera, tienen bajos ingresos y cuya mayor proporción buscaba empleo. Si bien los egresados del segundo y tercer clúster proceden del Plan de Estudios del 2001, sus resultados laborales y satisfacción con su carrera son diferentes: los más vinculados con sus carreras son los de mejores resultados laborales y mayor satisfacción.
Rise of Bacterial Small Proteins and Peptides in Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Meenakshi Shanmugaraja , Shelin Ruby
Published: January 2023

Background:

Polypeptides that comprise less than 100 amino acids (50 amino acids in some
cases) are referred to as small proteins (SPs), however, as of date, there is no strict definition. In
contrast to the small polypeptides that arise due to proteolytic activity or abrupt protein synthesis, SPs
are coded by small open reading frames (sORFs) and are conventionally synthesized by ribosomes.

Purpose of the Review:

Although proteins that contain more than 100 amino acids have been studied
exquisitely, studies on small proteins have been largely ignored, basically due to the unsuccessful
detection of these SPs by traditional methodologies/techniques. Serendipitous observation of several
small proteins and elucidation of their vital functions in cellular processes opened the floodgate of a
new area of research on the new family of proteins called "Small proteins". Having known the
significance of such SPs, several advanced techniques are being developed to precisely identify and
characterize them.

Conclusion:

Bacterial small proteins (BSPs) are being intensely investigated in recent days and that
has brought the versatile role of BSPs into the limelight. In particular, identification of the fact that
BSPs exhibit antimicrobial activity has further expanded its scope in the area of therapeutics. Since the
microbiome plays an inevitable role in determining the outcome of personalized medicine, studies on
the secretory small proteins of the microbiome are gaining momentum. This review discusses the
importance of bacterial small proteins and peptides in terms of their therapeutic applications.
Remodeling of the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer and its Association
with Obesity
Authors: Damavandi Sedigheh , Avan Amir , Zafari Nima , Velayati Mahla , Mehrabadi Shima , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A.
Published: January 2023

The considerable burden of colorectal cancer and the increasing prevalence in young adults emphasizes
the necessity of understanding its underlying mechanisms and risk factors as well as providing more effective
treatments. There is growing evidence of a positive relationship between obesity and colorectal cancer. Furthermore,
the prominent role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming more evident.
Sequencing studies demonstrate an altered composition and ecology of intestinal microorganisms in both
colorectal cancer and obese patients and have pinpointed some specific bacteria as the key role players. The purpose
of this review is to provide a general outlook of how gut microbiota may impact the initiation and promotion
of colorectal cancer and describes probable links between gut microbiota and obesity. We also provide evidence
about targeting the microbiota as an intervention strategy for both ameliorating the risk of cancer and augmenting
the therapy efficacy.
WITHDRAWN: Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Glycyrrhizic Acid-loaded Chitosan Composite Nanogel In vitro Against Staphylococcus Aureus Small Colony Variants
Authors: Ju Mujie , Liu Jinhuan , Guan Ding , Leng Nannan , Algharib Samah Attia , Dawood Ali Sobhy , Luo Wanhe
Published: January 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
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authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Application of Virtual Sample Generation and Screening in Process
Parameter Optimization of Botanical Medicinal Materials
Authors: Guan Yalin , Chen Juan , Dong Cuiying
Published: January 2023

Background:

The small sample problem widely exists in the fields of the chemical in-dustry, chemistry, biology, medicine, and food industry. It has been a problem in process modeling and system optimization. The aim of this study is to focus on the problems of small sample size in modeling, the process parameters in the ultrasonic extraction of botanical medicinal materials can be obtained by optimizing the extraction rate model. However, difficulty in data acquisition results in problem of small sample size in modeling, which eventually reduces the accuracy of modeling prediction.

Methods:

A virtual sample generation method based on full factorial design (FFD) is proposed to solve the problem ofa small sample size. The experiments are first conducted according to the Box-Behnken design (BBD) to obtain small-size samples, and the response surface function is establis-hed accordingly. Then, virtual sample inputs are obtained by the FFD, and the corresponding virtual sample outputs are calculated by the response surface function. Furthermore, a screening method of virtual samples is proposed based on an extreme learning machine (ELM). The connection weights of ELM are used for further optimization and screening of the generated virtual samples.

Result:

The results show that virtual sample data can effectively expand the sample size. The preci-sion of the model trained on semi-synthetic samples (small-size experimental simples and virtual samples) is higher than the model trained merely on small-size experimental samples.

Conclusion:

The virtual sample generation and screening methods proposed in this paper can effec-tively solve the modeling problem of small samples. The reliable process parameters can be ob-tained by optimizing the model trained by the semi-synthetic samples.
Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Anti-asthma Drugs in Pharmaceutical
and Biological Fluids: A Review
Authors: Kanchi Suvardhan , Chokkareddy Rajasekhar , Kilele Joan Chepkoech , Redhi Gan G.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Worldwide, the prescriptions for asthma drugs are on the rise. However, antiasthma
drugs have side effects and can lead to fatal death at higher doses. Quite often, these drugs are
abused as growth promoters in poultry/livestock as well as by athletes to enhance their performance. Consequently,
it is vital to design uncomplicated, portable, rapid and highly sensitive means of detecting these
anti-asthma drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and other sample matrices. This review highlights the
use of electrochemical sensors as alternative methods to conventional analytical techniques for detecting
anti-asthma drugs in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.

Methods:

Literature covering diverse detection methods for anti-asthma drugs were reviewed to provide
background information in this area of research. Next, the literature survey focused primarily on the
emergence of the nanotechnology platform, including the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.
Finally, a perspective on the future direction of this method was summarized.

Results:

Electrochemical sensors offer several advantages over conventional methods, which require long
and tedious extraction, pre-concentration and clean up steps. Moreover, electrochemical sensor techniques
are less expensive, easy to operate and avoid the need for harmful reagents known to generate a huge
amount of non-environmental friendly chemicals.

Conclusion:

Nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors represent a promising platform for analysing
anti-asthma drugs in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids given their beneficial effects such as low cost,
use of less health hazardous materials, and compatibility with environmental health.
HIV/AIDS Curability Study, Different Approaches and Drug Combination
Authors: Lu Da-Yong , Lu Ting-Ren
Published: January 2023

Aim:

HIV infection is currently an incurable disease characterized by life-long drug utility.
Its incurable causality and mechanism are still unknown to us.

Methods:

To overcome this therapeutic setback, some breakthroughs should be made by utilizing different
approaches. How to plan some experimental and clinical novelty for HIV curability is a modern
challenge. In this article, new ideas and approaches for global HIV/AIDS therapeutic strategies are
proposed and represented by scientific insights.

Results:

Pharmaceutical characteristics, herbal medicine, novel drug targets, cutting-edge biotherapy,
drug combination, animal modalities, and immune-stimuli for HIV latency, as well as clearance, are
highlighted.

Discussion:

To elucidate our understanding of curative treatment for HIV/AIDS, many new pathological
discoveries, expansion, technical advances, and potential drug targets are constructed. After the
discovery of novel pathogenesis and therapeutic evolution, HIV/AIDS therapeutic curability may become
achievable and a reality.

Conclusion:

Transformation from animal model investigation to widespread therapies for larger volume
of human population is a necessity in modern medicine. In this infectious treatment scenario, major
breakthroughs in medicine and drug development are anticipated.
Royal Jelly as Larval Food for Honey Bees
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

Larval feeds for different castes of honey bees include exclusively royal
jelly from 4–9 days of development for the queen, and for worker larvae, royal jelly
and worker jelly for 4-6 and 6–9 days respectively, whereas for drone larvae, royal
jelly and a blended composite mixture of honey and pollen grain for 4-6 and 6–9 days
respectively. For the queen, worker, and drone larvae, larval feeds include royal jelly
and worker jelly for 4-6 and 6–9 days respectively. Royal jelly is a thick, creamy
substance that is produced by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of worker
honey bees. Its primary components include water, hydrocarbons, proteins, lipids,
minerals, vitamins, and a small amount of various types of polyphenols. Because the
queen eats different larvae than the worker bees, this triggers a chain reaction of
biochemical reactions, which ultimately leads to a high concentration of juvenile and
ecdysone hormones being released. These hormones, in turn, regulate the expression of
different genes in a sequential manner. Queen larvae have a variant proteomic that
promotes the healthy development of the female reproductive system, which in turn
leads to profound fertility and immune protection, as well as a longer life span for the
queen.
Differential Pheromone Secretion By Female Castes In Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

The queen and worker caste of the honey bee exemplified the polyphenism
phenomenon. In specific female caste, diversification of the same genomic (2n=32)
expression ultimately induces plasticity in development, morphology, physiology,
reproduction, division of labour, immunity, and life span. Physiological plasticity is
remarkably highlighted through glandular secretion variation in female castes, as
pheromonal queen glands ensure her reproductive monopoly and dominant hierarchy in
the colony. In contrast, in workers, pheromonal profiling facilitates foraging, nursing,
alarming, colony protection, pseudo-queen formation inhibition, and other social
interactions. Queen's volatile bouquet emission contains biochemicals like 9-ODA,
OLA, HVA, 9-HDA, 10-HDA, HOB, 10-HDAA, cetyl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol,
linolenic acid, methyl oleate, and decyl decanoate. In contrast, workers' pheromones
include predominantly; isopentyl acetate (IPA), butyl acetate, 1-hexanol, n-butanol, 1-
octanol, hexyl acetate, octyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, and 2-nonanol, (Z)-11-eicosenol,
2-heptanone, geraniol, geranial, geranic acid, (E)-citral, nerolic acid, etc. Queen and
workers secrete different pheromones following their role in the colony. This chapter
provides insights into differential pheromonal secretion in queen and worker caste
within the honey bee colony. The biochemical synthesis of pheromonal contents in
both castes is elaborated on in the next chapter
Mandibular Pheromone Types, Functions, Synthesis, And Associated Genetic Elements In The Queen Honey Bee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

Queen Mandibular Pheromones (QMP) include (E)-9-oxo-2-decanoic
acid(9-ODA), (R)-and (S)-(E)-9-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid(9-HDA), methyl 4-
hydroxybenzoate(HOB), 10-hydroxy-decanoic acid (10-HDAA), 4-hydroxy-
-methoxyphenyl ethanol (HVA), and10-hydroxy-2 (E)-decanoic acid (10-HDA),
whereas worker honey bees mandibular gland pheromones include mainly 10-hydrox-
-2 (E)-decanoic acid (10-HDA),10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA), and 2- mainly
2-heptanone (2-H), traces of 9-hydroxy-2 (E)-decanoic acid (9-HDA) and 9-ODA.
Biochemical modifications of stearic acid occur through hydroxylation of stearic acid
at ω or ω-1 positions in worker honey bee and queen, synthesizing the primary
pheromones listed above. 9-ODA pheromone influences alcohol dehydrogenase gene
expression, and the specific enzyme is essential for converting 9-HDA to 9-ODA in
worker honey bees. Further, the differential synthesis process is influenced by the gene
expression of various cytochromes. QMPs impose differential influence on various
developmental, functional, and behavioural regulations on nest mates, which include
retinue behaviour, suppression of the development of worker honey bee ovaries, wax
secretion, drone attraction, swarming, queen dominance regulation, general regulation,
mating, and reproduction, juvenile hormone secretion in workers, foraging behaviour
and the different submissive response of workers in the presence of the queen. 
Drone Development, Biology, and And Interaction With The Queen in Apis mellifera
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

Drone honey bees develop from haploid/unfertilized/diploid eggs produced
by parthenogenesis or from fertilized eggs having identical sex alleles, formed after
sexual reproduction, with more probability when the queen mates with drones of the
same hives. Nurse bees generally remove diploid drone larvae due to cannibalism
hormones secreted by developing larvae. Further, the development of drones is
influenced by colony temperature, hence can be completed within 24-25 days. Queen
attracts drone honey bees toward herself with pheromones9-ODA,9-HAD and 10
HDA. Drone number depends upon the colony's environmental conditions and
available food to the colony. The specific chapter provides deep insight into the
development of drones, the biology of drones, the reproductive system and the mating
behaviour of particular castes. 
Mating and Reproduction in Queen Honey Bee
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

Queen honey bee is polyandrous, per her mating tendency with multiple drones of other colonies in the drone congregation area. Post-hatching, the virgin queen takes a few short flights near the colony, and eventually, within two weeks of her posthatching, she takes 1-2 nuptial flights for mating. During mating, the queen receives ample sperm storage for her entire life. Virgin queen attracts drones through her characteristic pheromonal profiling, especially by mandibular gland pheromones. After mating, drones die, and the queen returns to the native hive to perpetuate the species. The queen can regulate the fertilization of eggs; therefore, a colony is the composite aggregation of bees of different patriline inheritance. Queens can lay two types of eggs, fertilized and unfertilized, which tend to develop into female and male castes. Therefore, the queen can potentially regulate the overall strength of the colony and caste ratio to direct the colony in a specific direction.
The Regulatory Framework
Authors: Stasi Alessandro , Chiang David Tan Weng
Published: January 2023

This chapter draws upon the role and responsibilities of federal agencies in
regulating biotechnology products. It distinguishes the role of the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through statutory definitions. Special
emphasis is placed on defining the role of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service (APHIS), the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), the Agricultural Marketing
Service (AMS), the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS), and the Foreign
Agricultural Service (FAS). 
The Regulation of Human Genome Editing
Authors: Stasi Alessandro , Chiang David Tan Weng
Published: January 2023

With the progress of DNA sequencing technology and its falling costs, the
number of gene patents is dramatically growing. This chapter aims to shed light on the
regulation of human genome editing and its impact on health research. By analyzing
legal provisions and cases, this paper assesses whether genetically modified forms of
life meet the statutory requirements of utility, novelty, and non-obviousness under
patent law. The nature of the patentable subject matter of living organisms and genes in
the U.S. is also examined in detail.
Biotechnology, Property and The Human Body
Authors: Stasi Alessandro , Chiang David Tan Weng
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this chapter is to describe the development of legal
principles which are used to protect property rights in the human body and allow the
efficient use of human tissue, organs, DNA, and cell lines in medical research.
The Regulation of Genetically Engineered Plants and Animals
Authors: Stasi Alessandro , Chiang David Tan Weng
Published: January 2023

The recent advances in genetic engineering have enabled the development of new approaches to animal husbandry and agricultural production. Researchers have developed genetically modified laboratory animals to enhance specific characteristics and increase the efficiency of food production. At the same time, new and distinct varieties of plants have been produced with biotechnology. This chapter aims to investigate the legal issues that arise from the use of genetic engineering techniques in plants and animals.
Optimization of infusion supply using the probabilistic economic order quantity (EOQ) method at Sanglah Center General Hospital
Authors: Prabhadika I Putu Yudi , Tastrawati Ni Ketut Tari , Harini Luh Putu Ida , Dewinta Ida Ayu Rosa
Published: January 2023

Inventory planning is important to avoid the advantages or lack of goods. Hospitals as health care providers also have a share in the stock of goods, one of which is infusion. This study aims to optimize infusion supply at Sanglah Central General Hospital using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method with (q, r) model. The forecasting method used in forecasting infusion requirements at Sanglah Hospital is an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. The results of this study indicate the amount of infusion of NaCl 0.9% 500 ml and 5% 500 ml glucose infusion which is expected to be ordered by Sanglah Hospital at the beginning of the booking period is 11,921 and 560 units. Sanglah Hospital need to re-order when the stock of infusion of NaCl 0.9% 500 ml touched the number 3,593 and 5% 500 ml glucose infusion stock touched 202 units. To anticipate the spike of demand, Sanglah Hospital is expected to provide infusion as a safety reserve of 190 units for infusion of NaCl type 0.9% 500 ml and 21 units for glucose type 5% 500 ml. The total inventory cost of the infusion to be issued by Sanglah Hospital in the planning of the infusion needs for 6 months is also obtained.
Indios y defensores ante la justicia criminal por delitos de hurto. Gobiernos de Santafé, Tunja y Neiva en el Nuevo Reino de Granada (1750-1810)
Authors: Ceballos Bedoya Nicolás
Published: January 2023

En el periodo colonial, los indígenas recurrieron ampliamente a las instituciones coloniales para defender sus intereses; una de ellas fue la de los defensores de indios o protectores de naturales, quienes eran intermediarios obligados de los indígenas en sus actuaciones. En este artículo, analizaré las relaciones entre indígenas procesados y los protectores generales de naturales en los juicios criminales por robos en las gobernaciones de Santafé, Tunja y Neiva que llegaron ante la Real Audiencia de Santafé en las últimas décadas del dominio colonial (1750-1810), mostrando cómo las actuaciones de estos funcionarios tenían un resultado ambivalente, pues aunque cumplían juiciosamente su labor de parte, se limitaban a defender el imaginario del indígena establecido en la ley y distanciaban al indígena de su propia defensa.
Apropiarse del derecho: movilización indígena y reforma agraria en el resguardo de Guambía
Authors: Ospina Díaz Diana Carolina
Published: January 2023

Durante mi investigación doctoral en el resguardo de Guambía, escuché cuantiosas veces misak y no misak hablar de la importancia de las luchas indígenas por la recuperación de tierras de resguardo entre 1970-1980. Estas luchas hicieron posible la ampliación del resguardo de Guambía y la formación de una organización indígena capaz de sentarse a negociar los derechos de los indígenas con el Gobierno nacional. En este artículo analizo las condiciones  que permitieron el éxito de esta movilización social, que abarcan tanto la dimensión de la organización política, como el contexto socioeconómico de las tierras en conflicto y el contexto legal a nivel nacional.
Determination of the best cooking time and the characteristics of Nile tilapia pepes (an Indonesian traditional fish product) processed by microwave oven
Authors: Nasyiruddin Riya Liuhartana , Al-Ansi Waleed , Mahdi Amer Ali , Noman Anwar , Ilunanwati Elok , Priyanto Gatot , Hamzah Basuni
Published: January 2023

The present study aimed to examine the best cooking time of Nile tilapia pepes processed by the microwave oven and to observe its chemical characteristics. The research was conducted in two stages. The treatment in the first stage was pepes cooking time which consists of four levels. The observed parameter was pepes sensory using multiple comparison tests. The experimental design to determine the chemical characteristics of pepes in the second stage was Completely Randomized Design with three levels namely raw, steamed, and microwave oven pepes in three replications. The observed parameters were moisture content, protein, amino acids, and free fatty acid levels. The result shows that the best cooking time of pepes with a microwave oven was five minutes. Analysis of variance showed that cooking affected the total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content that were analyzed, namely aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, threonine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine content of pepes but not significantly affected on the moisture content, protein, glycine and free fatty acids content of pepes. The total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content of raw pepes were significantly different to cooked pepes (microwave oven and steamed pepes), but the total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content of microwave oven pepes were not significantly different to steamed pepes. The chemical characteristics of microwave oven pepes were 73.04% wb of moisture, 67.95% DB of protein, 28.48% DB of total selected essential amino acids, and 7.22% in oil of free fatty acids content.
Plant Disease Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning
Authors: Shewale Chaitali , Sawadkar Ajinkya , Kadale Keshav , Sangle Praveen , Saswadkar Shubham
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Agriculture is an important part of our economy and has attracted our attention since the Middle Ages. India's population is mainly dependent on agriculture, accounting for 60~70%. Global crop losses from a variety of reasons, including weeds, disease, and arthropods, have increased at an alarming rate, from about 34.9% in 1965 to about 42.1% in the late 1990s. Bacteria and fungi can cause many diseases in plants. Many diseases such as Early blight and late blight are fungi that afflict plants. In our research, we provide CNN models and algorithms for detecting leaf diseases in crops. This study discusses the feasibility of CNNs and Transfer Learning for classifying plant diseases. This model is built using a basic CNN architecture to classify potato diseases. From the Plant Village database, 2,152 samples containing photos of leaves in three classes with images of healthy leaves were obtained and used for initial training to check the feasibility of plain CNN and then dataset with 54306 plant images was used to train the bigger plain CNN and Resnet152v2 and Inceptionv3 Architecture for detecting plant diseases using Transfer Learning. The photos were taken in an unstructured environment. The constructed model obtained a classification accuracy of 97.57%, clearly demonstrating the feasibility of utilizing CNNs to classify plant diseases.
Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols Performance Evaluation under Security Attack
Authors: Farooq Aabid , Singh Jasdeep
Published: January 2023

Abstract: A mobile ad hoc network is made up of portable wireless nodes (MANET). The communication between these mobile nodes is not managed centralized. A self-organizing, self-configuring network known as MANET allows mobile nodes to roam around at whim. The mobile nodes can act as a router by receiving and sending packets. Due to the significance of routing in MANET, this thesis also evaluates several routing systems' efficacy. We compared the three routing protocols AODV, DSR, OLSR, and DSDV. Throughput, network load, and latency are the three metrics used to gauge how well-performing different routing systems are. The three routing techniques are well described using metrics. Information is transmitted end-to-end and hop-by-hop over the connections to the destination nodes using the proactive and reactive protocols of MANET. In multi-hop mobile ad hoc networks, energy consumption at the mobile nodes' end and its effective use are crucial factors. Nodes and other routing resources in MANETs cannot afford to run out of battery power while carrying out mission-critical operations like military or rescue missions. The effectiveness of MANET protocols such AODV, DSDV, OLSR, and DSR is studied in this study. Throughput, packet delivery ratio, and energy use are included while computing the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks' performance parameters. The circumstances that were simulated using various simulators are included in the research. The related research compared the performance of several protocols in MANETs with varying node mobility, stop length, and node density while examining the NS-2 scenario. The optimum routing system for mobile ad hoc networks will be identified after a comparison and analysis of these protocols.
Educação e promoção da saúde: uma experiência pedagógica potencializadora do protagonismo infanto-juvenil no enfrentamento ao Aedes aegypti
Authors: Barakat Roberta Duarte Maia , Caprara Andrea
Published: January 2023

Este artigo apresenta um recorte dos resultados da experiência pedagógica realizada com estudantes por meio da interlocução entre saúde e escola, permeada pela educação e promoção da saúde enquanto potencializadores do protagonismo infantojuvenil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, pesquisa-ação, realizado com 55 estudantes em minicursos em duas escolas municipais de Fortaleza (CE). Esta pesquisa versa sobre a implementação de uma abordagem ecossistêmica em ambiente escolar para a promoção da saúde, prevenção e controle do Aedes aegypti. Observa-se que as ações de controle contra o vetor dependerão de ampla participação de diversos grupos e comunidades. Os estudantes perceberam a necessidade de intensificar ações de promoção da saúde no cotidiano e promover o protagonismo e a autonomia dos sujeitos para coletivamente compreender a saúde como resultante das condições de vida para um desenvolvimento social mais equitativo. Conclui-se que o incremento de atividades dirigidas à mudança comportamental dos alunos, concentrando-se em componentes educativos, e a compreensão de que a saúde resulta de múltiplos determinantes alinham-se a uma articulação de ações de promoção de saúde fomentadoras de um saber coletivo, que estimula no indivíduo e na coletividade sua autonomia e emancipação para o cuidado de si e de seu entorno.
Reflexões sobre uma experiência de educação em saúde em Salvador (BA)
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula Candido , Reis Fernanda
Published: January 2023

A educação em saúde encontra na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) um ambiente favorável ao seu desenvolvimento. Apesar disso, a literatura científica e a prática profissional apontam um conjunto de desafios para a execução de ações permanentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir, por meio de um relato de experiência, sobre o desenvolvimento de uma prática de educação em saúde no contexto da APS de Salvador (BA). O fio condutor metodológico para a construção das reflexões pretendidas será o estudo de caso da experiência do desenvolvimento de um grupo promovido pela Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) do Alto das Pombas, no município de Salvador (BA), Brasil. Foram descritas e analisadas circunstâncias e contingências encontradas na construção do grupo. Verificou-se a importância da prática horizontalizada, participativa e atenta às necessidades dos usuários.