bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanism of thermosensory function of human heat shock transcription factor Hsf1
Authors: Hentze Nikolai , Le Breton Laura , Wiesner Jan , Kempf Georg , Mayer Matthias P
Published: January 2016

The heat shock response is a universal homeostatic cell autonomous reaction of organisms to cope with adverse environmental conditions. In mammalian cells, this response is mediated by the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1, which is monomeric in unstressed cells and upon activation trimerizes, and binds to promoters of heat shock genes. To understand the basic principle of Hsf1 activation we analyzed temperature-induced alterations in the conformational dynamics of Hsf1 by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry. We found a temperature-dependent unfolding of Hsf1 in the regulatory region happening concomitant to tighter packing in the trimerization region. The transition to the active DNA binding-competent state occurred highly cooperative and was concentration dependent. Surprisingly, Hsp90, known to inhibit Hsf1 activation, lowered the midpoint temperature of trimerization and reduced cooperativity of the process thus widening the response window. Based on our data we propose a kinetic model of Hsf1 trimerization.
Myosin III-mediated cross-linking and stimulation of actin bundling activity of Espin
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Li Jianchao , Raval Manmeet H , Yao Ningning , Deng Xiaoying , Lu Qing , Nie Si , Feng Wei , Wan Jun , Yengo Christopher M , Liu Wei , Zhang Mingjie
Published: January 2016

Class III myosins (Myo3) and actin-bundling protein Espin play critical roles in regulating the development and maintenance of stereocilia in vertebrate hair cells, and their defects cause hereditary hearing impairments. Myo3 interacts with Espin1 through its tail homology I motif (THDI), however it is not clear how Myo3 specifically acts through Espin1 to regulate the actin bundle assembly and stabilization. Here we discover that Myo3 THDI contains a pair of repeat sequences capable of independently and strongly binding to the ankyrin repeats of Espin1, revealing an unexpected Myo3-mediated cross-linking mechanism of Espin1. The structures of Myo3 in complex with Espin1 not only elucidate the mechanism of the binding, but also reveal a Myo3-induced release of Espin1 auto-inhibition mechanism. We also provide evidence that Myo3-mediated cross-linking can further promote actin fiber bundling activity of Espin1.
Influence of inverse spin Hall effect in spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements
Authors: Kondou Kouta , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Kasai Shinya , Mitani Seiji , Niimi Yasuhiro , Otani YoshiChika
Published: January 2016

We have performed spectral analyses of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) signals in both Ni80Fe20/Ta and Co40Fe40B20/Ta bilayers and compared the spin Hall angles of these signals. We found that the contribution of the inverse spin Hall effect to the total signal in ST-FMR measurements is marked particularly in the case of Co40Fe40B20/Ta bilayers, because the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in Co40Fe40B20, i.e., the origin of the ST-FMR signal, is much smaller than that in Ni80Fe20. When we take into account the contribution of the inverse spin Hall effect, the spin Hall angle of Co40Fe40B20/Ta decreases to less than half of that estimated by conventional ST-FMR spectral analysis.
Single-grain growth in Si film by chevron-shaped cw laser beam scanning
Authors: Yeh Wenchang , Yamazaki Satoki , Ishimoto Akihisa , Morito Shigekazu
Published: January 2016

A single grain with a length of 450 µm and a width of 5–6 µm was grown in a 60 nm Si film on SiO2 by scanning a chevron-shaped cw laser beam, which was formed by passing a linear laser beam through a novel one-sided Dove prism. The crystal did not have any dominant orientations in both the growth and normal directions. The orientation rotated about the transverse direction at a rate of 0.47–0.51°/µm in the forward direction, which suggests that the lattice constant at the film surface was 0.049–0.053% larger than that at the film bottom.
Fabrication of fast, highly sensitive all-printed capacitive humidity sensors with carbon nanotube/polyimide hybrid electrodes
Authors: Itoh Eiji , Takada Akinori
Published: January 2016

We have developed capacitive humidity sensors with highly gas permeable carbon nanotube top electrodes using solution techniques. The hydrophobic, porous carbon nanotube (CNT) network with polyimide as a binder was suitable for gas permeation, and the response of the capacitive humidity sensors was faster than that of the device with a 20-nm-thick Au top electrode. The capacitance change of the polymide capacitive humidity sensor with the printed CNT top electrode was almost proportional to the relative humidity and the capacitance was almost independent of the environmental temperature. The CNT electrodes strongly adhered to the partially fluorinated polyimide when CNT/polyimide nanocomposites were used as top electrodes. The response time was almost proportional to the square of the thickness of the polyimide dielectric layer, d, and the sensitivity was inversely proportional to d. The response time and sensitivity respectively decreased to less than 1 s and 1 pF/%RH in the device with d less than 1 µm.
Analysis of interfacial energy states in Au/pentacene/polyimide/indium–zinc-oxide diodes by electroluminescence spectroscopy and electric-field-induced optical second-harmonic generation measurement
Authors: Taguchi Dai , Manaka Takaaki , Iwamoto Mitsumasa
Published: January 2016

By using electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy and electric-field-induced optical second-harmonic generation (EFISHG) measurement, we analyzed interfacial energy states in Au/pentacene/polyimide/indium–zinc-oxide (IZO) diodes, to characterize the pentacene/polyimide interface. Under positive voltage application to the Au electrode with reference to the IZO electrode, the EFISHG showed that holes are injected from Au electrode, and accumulate at the pentacene/polyimide interface with the surface charge density of Q
s = 3.8 × 10−7 C/cm2. The EL spectra suggested that the accumulated holes are not merely located in the pentacene but they are transferred to the interface states of polyimide. These accumulated holes distribute with the interface state density greater than 1012 cm−2 eV−1 in the range E = 1.5–1.8 and 1.7–2.4 eV in pentacene and in polyimide, respectively, under assumption that accumulated holes govern recombination radiation. The EL–EFISHG measurement is helpful to characterize organic–organic layer interfaces in organic devices and provides a way to analyze interface energy states.
Arthropods of the great indoors: characterizing diversity inside urban and suburban homes
Authors: Bertone Matthew A. , Leong Misha , Bayless Keith M. , Malow Tara L.F. , Dunn Robert R. , Trautwein Michelle D.
Published: January 2016

Although humans and arthropods have been living and evolving together for all of our history, we know very little about the arthropods we share our homes with apart from major pest groups. Here we surveyed, for the first time, the complete arthropod fauna of the indoor biome in 50 houses (located in and around Raleigh, North Carolina, USA). We discovered high diversity, with a conservative estimate range of 32–211 morphospecies, and 24–128 distinct arthropod families per house. The majority of this indoor diversity (73%) was made up of true flies (Diptera), spiders (Araneae), beetles (Coleoptera), and wasps and kin (Hymenoptera, especially ants: Formicidae). Much of the arthropod diversity within houses did not consist of synanthropic species, but instead included arthropods that were filtered from the surrounding landscape. As such, common pest species were found less frequently than benign species. Some of the most frequently found arthropods in houses, such as gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) and book lice (Liposcelididae), are unfamiliar to the general public despite their ubiquity. These findings present a new understanding of the diversity, prevalence, and distribution of the arthropods in our daily lives. Considering their impact as household pests, disease vectors, generators of allergens, and facilitators of the indoor microbiome, advancing our knowledge of the ecology and evolution of arthropods in homes has major economic and human health implications.
Reconstructing ecosystem functions of the active microbial community of the Baltic Sea oxygen depleted sediments
Authors: Thureborn Petter , Franzetti Andrea , Lundin Daniel , Sjöling Sara
Published: January 2016

Baltic Sea deep water and sediments hold one of the largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic areas in the world. High nutrient input and low water exchange result in eutrophication and oxygen depletion below the halocline. As a consequence at Landsort Deep, the deepest point of the Baltic Sea, anoxia in the sediments has been a persistent condition over the past decades. Given that microbial communities are drivers of essential ecosystem functions we investigated the microbial community metabolisms and functions of oxygen depleted Landsort Deep sediments by metatranscriptomics. Results show substantial expression of genes involved in protein metabolism demonstrating that the Landsort Deep sediment microbial community is active. Identified expressed gene suites of metabolic pathways with importance for carbon transformation including fermentation, dissimilatory sulphate reduction and methanogenesis were identified. The presence of transcripts for these metabolic processes suggests a potential for heterotrophic-autotrophic community synergism and indicates active mineralisation of the organic matter deposited at the sediment as a consequence of the eutrophication process. Furthermore, cyanobacteria, probably deposited from the water column, are transcriptionally active in the anoxic sediment at this depth. Results also reveal high abundance of transcripts encoding integron integrases. These results provide insight into the activity of the microbial community of the anoxic sediment at the deepest point of the Baltic Sea and its possible role in ecosystem functioning.
Association of trait and specific hopes: cross sectional study on students and workers of health professions in Split, Croatia
Authors: Malički Mario , Marković Domagoj , Marušić Matko
Published: January 2016

Introduction.Hope (hoping) is most commonly assessed as a dispositional trait and associated with quality of life, self-care agency and non-attempts of suicide. However, little research has been conducted on hoping for specific events.

Materials and Methods.We distributed a survey consisting of Integrative Hope Scale (IHS) and visual analogue scales on which respondents could declare their levels (intensity) of hope for specific events, to all first year health students enrolled at the University Department of Health Studies, Split, Croatia in 2011/2012, as well as to working health professionals attending a nursing conference in April 2012.

Results.A total of 161 (89.4%) students and 88 (89.8%) working health professionals returned the completed questionnaires. We found high trait hope scores of students and working health professionals (Md = 111, 95% CI [109–113] vs. Md = 115, 95% CI [112–119];U= 5,353,P= 0.065), and weak to moderate correlations of trait and specific hopes (r= 0.18–0.48, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). Students and workers reported 31 different things they hoped for most in life, of which the most prevalent were being healthy and happy. There was very little agreement between participants’ reported influence of the four factors compromising the trait hope (self-confidence, ambition, optimism, and social support) on their specific hopes.

Conclusions.Our findings, while strengthening the validity of hope as a trait, indicate that specific hopes of individuals are moderated by factors not captured by the IHS trait scale. Further research should explore specific hoping in detail, as well as the effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing specific or generalized hoping.
Catholic Identity through the Lens of the School’s Official Website
Authors: Tudy Randy A. , Gambescia Stephen F.
Published: January 2016

Catholic identity is a mark that separates Catholic schools from secular ones. One important tool for communicating this marker is through the school’s website. The aim of the study was to look into the official websites of Catholic schools in the Philippines and to find out how they explicate their Catholic identity. Using the document Ex Corde Ecclesiae, seven markers were used. It employed descriptive research design replicating the methods used by Gambescia and Paolucci in 2011. The result revealed that the Lead Academic Statement is present in 73 out of 75 schools. This is followed by Affiliation with Sponsoring Catholic Entity, 71; Catholic Heritage, 55; Catholic Service, 45; Catholic Worship, 37; Catholic on Homepage, 16; and Human Resource Page, 0. Overall, 297 markers were counted out of the expected 525. Thus, the schools in the Philippines have explicated Catholic identity especially on the first three markers, but much attention should be focused on the bottom four. The study should also investigate the presence of these markers but should not judge the totality of a particular level of Catholicity. However, the school website should not be underestimated in its role to explicate Catholic identity. Keywords - Social Sciences, Religion, Catholic identity, schools’ official website, descriptive design, Philippines
Socio-Cultural Practices of Indigenous People in Carol-an, Kabankalan City, Philippines
Authors: Castro Eleanor F.
Published: January 2016

Anchored on Republic Act No. 8371 that recognizes, respects, and preserves the culture, traditions and institutions of ICCs/IPs, this study described the demographic profile and socio-cultural practices of 160 indigenous peoplerespondents in Carol-an, Kabankalan City who were purposively identified in ten proximate sitios. Qualitative-descriptive methods utilized were key informant interviews and focus group discussion. The results revealed that most respondents were 16-26 years old; lived in the area for 31-40 years; female; married; mothers who belonged to a Carol-anon ethnic group; spoke Hiligaynon and Bisaya dialects. Their socio-cultural practices include high respect of family to the father in decision making, communal ownership of tax exempted land. “Kagon” (mediator), the elder, resolved legal disputes. Marriage proposal called “isaka” was mediated by “Dakong Tawo,” (respected elder) and the bride was allowed to marry at age 12. They believed in sacred places and offer sacrificial pig called “Buhat”. The dead were wrapped in bamboo coffin called “Iiya-liya” and brought to “Binangkilan” Cave, the tomb. To them man used supernatural powers known as “antinganting.” The result of the study served as basis for considering these IPs’ rights in the formulation and application of national educational plans and policies.   Keywords - Social Science, indigenous people, socio-cultural practices, research and development, descriptive design, Philippines
Challenges and Opportunities of Sustainable Livelihood Program Participants on Establishing and Sustaining Community Driven Enterprise
Authors: Tañedo Donards Kim A.
Published: January 2016

The Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) is a community-based program which provides capacity building to improve the program participants’ socioeconomic status. As a component of the Convergence Strategy, the program aims to serve the beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilya, hoping to sustain and expand beyond the five-year intervention the socioeconomic benefits gained. This study aimed to identify the perceived challenges and opportunities of DSWD-SLP region IV-A SEA-K Organizations such as formulating, enhancing, and sustaining livelihood activities and community-based microenterprises. This study used triangulation method, a combination of Qualitative (Phenomenological) and Quantitative (Descriptive) approaches. The research findings revealed that the most prevalent types or nature of livelihood activities in CALABARZON compose of Trade and Commerce, Food Processing, and Cottage Industries as evidenced by the individual surveys conducted per province. On the other hand, the least prevalent livelihood activities include Fishing/Marine Life, Crops, Manufacturing, and Businesses otherwise specified as manifested in the individual surveys conducted per region. Based on the personal interviews conducted, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was done to come up with common themes. These themes regard to the SEAK members’ perception on challenges and opportunities in sustaining a community-based business enterprise.   Keywords - Social Sciences, challenges, opportunities, microenterprise, mixed methods, phenomenology, Philippines
Governance Practices and Problems of Community Officials in the First Congressional District of Bohol
Authors: Ticong Frederico B.
Published: January 2016

This study is a quantitative-qualitative evaluation of the governance practices and problems of community officials in the first congressional district of Bohol. The data were gathered through survey-questionnaires and validated through focus-group discussions. Results showed that there is significant room for improvement in local governance. The officials expressed several constraints for them to better discharge their functions. They need to acquire relevant governance skills. The LGUs failed to conduct proper planning process. The stakeholders have poor participation in many LGU-affairs. There is limited coordination between government and private institutions. There is inadequacy of local officials’ core-competencies that affect governance performance. The local officials should undergo a series of extensive training-seminars to equip them with the tools for good governance. The communities must develop their visionmission-goals adopting participatory planning approach. There must be a close linkage and regular coordination between the communities and government agencies. The LGUs must be in touch with the civil society especially in terms of training and access to external support for projects.   Keywords - Public administration, local governance, quantitative-qualitative analysis, Philippines
Relationship between Client, Clinical Related Factor and the Level of Effectiveness of Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS)
Authors: Hilario Ma. Sheryll A. , Maniago Jestoni D.
Published: January 2016

This study is a descriptive method of research which is concerned with the relationship of the DOTS client and clinical related factor to the level of effectiveness of the DOTS program. The clinical related factor provides knowledge as to the set-up of the DOTS facility. The researchers used the correlational survey design of research since the purpose of this research study is to correlate the DOTS client and clinical related factor as to the effectiveness of the Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) for tuberculosis in  terms of program administration, information dissemination, diagnostic services and medical supplies, and medical follow up. The researchers used the NTPTB register of each Rural Health Unit for the list of clients who are registered under the Directly Observed Treatment Short course strategy for the fiscal year 2010 as the respondents of this study. There were eighty-two (82) DOTS client identified and diagnosed of having tuberculosis. In the analysis and interpretation of the data, frequency count, mean and percentage are employed particularly in the interpretation of the profile of the respondents and clinical related factor. Coefficient of Correlation and T-test (test of the relationship) is used in determining the influence of the profile of the client and clinical related factor to the effectiveness of the DOTS program. The findings of the study reveal that there is a significant relationship between the profile of the clients, clinical related factors and the level of effectiveness of the Directly Observed Treatment short course program of the RHU.   Keywords - Descriptive Correlation, Directly Observed Treatment Short course, Clinical Related Factors, Level of Effectiveness, Zambales, Philippines
Occupational Health and Safety in Human Resource Management Research
Authors: Macasukit Liza , Mazrouei Shaikha Al , Kitbi Heera Al
Published: January 2016

The topic of “Occupational Health and Safety” has been focused on as a main function of Human Resource Management. Occupational safety and health covers a wide range of activities and functions. This research paper looks at what health and safety refers to, why research should be conducted into it, and how it is helpful for organizations and employees, and for the human resource management as a whole. It is followed by a discussion on Occupational Safety and Health with emphasis on several sub-topics, which are elaborated upon. Light will be shed on various OSH issues, and how Human Resource Management deals with them. Besides, legal requirements for health and safety rules will be looked into, with a focus on proposed solutions to the mentioned issues. A comparison of safety measures in the global context will be compared with safety measures in the local context, to understand how different organizations handle safety. There are several recommendations for business practice as well as their implications. What is more, there are suggestions for future business research, especially in the area of Human Resource Management.   Keywords - Organizational Behavior, Occupational Health and Safety Human Research Management, descriptive design, United Arab Emirates
Offenders’ Profile and Crime Incidence in Buenavista, Guimaras, Philippines
Authors: Pillora Kert D.
Published: January 2016

Offender profiling is a behavioral and investigative tool that is intended to help investigators to accurately predict and profile the characteristics of unknown criminal offenders. This study was conducted to determine the offenders’ profile and crime incidence in the municipality of Buenavista, Guimaras from 20092011. The descriptive design of research was used. The subjects of the study were the crime offenders who have records of crime in the municipality. Secondary data such as court transcripts, police reports crime statistics and similar documents were utilized. Majority of the index and non-index crimes were committed in 2010 with physical injury and violation of Republic Act 9287 (gambling) as the most active index and non-index crimes, respectively. The number of these crime incidents increased in 2010 and decreased in 2011. Crime incidents were committed by majority of the offenders who are male, single with ages between 18-40 years old. Significant difference existed between the crime incidents and profile of the offenders such as age, gender, occupation and civil status of the offenders. Likewise, a significant relationship existed between the crime incidents and profile of the offenders such as age, gender and civil status contributes to crime incidence.   Keywords - Criminology, offenders’ profile, crime incidence, social research, descriptive design, Philippines
Performance in History and Problems Encountered of the CTE Students in the University of Northern Philippines
Authors: Relon Luzviminda Padios
Published: January 2016

Education plays a very significant role in molding individuals that will become assets of the society. The various subjects offered in the schools are contributory for their holistic development. Thus, in any case, it may be reflected through poor performance. This study aimed to find out the level of performance in History and problems they have encountered in learning of the BSEd students of UNP especially on cognitive and affective skills along political, socioeconomic and cultural components. It was anchored on Ausubel’s Cognitive theory and Schema theory. Descriptive design was employed, and data were gathered through a teacher-made test and interview guide. The results revealed that the performance of the students along the three components is satisfactory. It was disclosed that they poorly perform on socioeconomic component and along knowledge and comprehension. Further, problems met along instruction like poor teaching methods, inefficient and ineffective teachers are primary reasons as to why they poorly performed in History. Based on the findings, students in History would tend to perform well if topics included in the test are well discussed, and teaching is well-planned, thus making it interesting. It is then recommended that History instruction and test construction should be carefully planned leading to the development of higher level thinking skills.   Keywords - History, performance, political, economic, socio-cultural, cognitive, affective level, descriptive design, Philippines
Sex and Size Disparities in Access to Liver Transplant for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cron David C. , Mazur Rafal D. , Bhan Irun , Adler Joel T. , Yeh Heidi
Published: September 2024

Importance

Women on the liver transplant waiting list are less likely to undergo a transplant than men. Recent approaches to resolving this disparity have involved adjustments to Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring, but this will not affect candidates who rely on exception scores rather than calculated MELD score, the majority of whom have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Objective

To evaluate the association between female sex, candidate size, and access to liver transplant among wait-listed patients with HCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used US transplant registry data of all adult (aged ≥18 years) wait-listed liver transplant candidates receiving an HCC exception score between January 1, 2010, and March 2, 2023.

Exposure

Wait-listed liver transplant candidate sex.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The association of female sex with (1) deceased-donor liver transplant (DDLT) and (2) death or waiting list removal for health deterioration were estimated using multivariable competing-risks regression. Results with and without adjustment for candidate height and weight (mediators of the sex disparity) were compared.

Results

The cohort included 31 725 candidates with HCC (mean [SD] age at receipt of exception, 61.2 [7.1] years; 76.3% men). Compared with men, women had a lower 1-year cumulative incidence of DDLT (50.8% vs 54.0%; P < .001) and a higher 1-year cumulative incidence of death or delisting for health deterioration (16.2% vs 15.0%; P = .002). After adjustment, without accounting for size, women had a lower incidence of DDLT (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95) and higher incidence of death or delisting (SHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.13) compared with men. When adjusting for candidate height and weight, there was no association of female sex with incidence of DDLT or death or delisting. However, at a height cutoff of 166 cm, short women compared with short men were still less likely to undergo a transplant (SHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, women with HCC were less likely to receive a DDLT and more likely to die while wait-listed than men with HCC; these differences were largely (but not entirely) explained by sex-based differences in candidate size. For candidates listed with exception scores, additional changes to allocation policy are needed to resolve the sex disparity, including solutions to improve access to size-matched donor livers for smaller candidates.
Parathyroidectomy and the Development of New Depression Among Adults With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Delaney Lia D. , Furst Adam , Day Heather , Arnow Katherine , Cisco Robin M. , Kebebew Electron , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Tamura Manjula Kurella , Seib Carolyn D.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although parathyroidectomy has been associated with improvement of preexisting depression among adults with PHPT, the effect of parathyroidectomy on the development of new depression is unknown.

Objective

To determine the effect of early parathyroidectomy on the incidence of new depression among adults with PHPT compared with nonoperative management.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Analyzed data included observational national Veterans Affairs data from adults with a new diagnosis of PHPT from 2000 through 2019 using target trial emulation with cloning, a biostatistical method that uses observational data to emulate a randomized clinical trial. New depression rates were compared between those treated with early parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management using an extended Cox model with time-varying inverse probability censoring weighting, adjusted for patient demographics, comorbidities, and depression risk factors. Eligible adults with a new biochemical diagnosis of PHPT, excluding those with past depression diagnoses, residing in an assisted living/nursing facility, or with Charlson Comorbidity Index score higher than 4 were included. These data were analyzed January 4, 2023, through June 15, 2023.

Exposure

Early parathyroidectomy (within 1 year of PHPT diagnosis) vs nonoperative management.

Main Outcome

New depression, including among subgroups according to patient age (65 years or older; younger than 65 years) and baseline serum calcium (11.3 mg/dL or higher; less than 11.3 mg/dL).

Results

The study team identified 40 231 adults with PHPT and no history of depression of whom 35896 were male (89%) and the mean (SD) age was 67 (11.3) years. A total of 3294 patients underwent early parathyroidectomy (8.2%). The weighted cumulative incidence of depression was 11% at 5 years and 18% at 10 years among patients who underwent parathyroidectomy, compared with 9% and 18%, respectively, among nonoperative patients. Those treated with early parathyroidectomy experienced no difference in the adjusted rate of new depression compared with nonoperative management (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94-1.17). There was also no estimated effect of early parathyroidectomy on new depression in subgroup analyses based on patient age or serum calcium.

Conclusions

In this study, there was no difference in the incidence of new depression among adults with PHPT treated with early parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management, which is relevant to preoperative discussions about the benefits and risks of operative treatment.
CRISPR/dCas13(Rx) Derived RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) Dynamic Modification in Plant
Authors: Yu Lu , Alariqi Muna , Li Baoqi , Hussain Amjad , Zhou Huifang , Wang Qiongqiong , Wang Fuqiu , Wang Guanying , Zhu Xiangqian , Hui Fengjiao , Yang Xiyan , Nie Xinhui , Zhang Xianlong , Jin Shuangxia
Published: September 2024

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification of mRNA and plays an important role in regulating plant growth. However, there is still a lack of effective tools to precisely modify m6A sites of individual transcripts in plants. Here, programmable m6A editing tools are developed by combining CRISPR/dCas13(Rx) with the methyltransferase GhMTA (Targeted RNA Methylation Editor, TME) or the demethyltransferase GhALKBH10 (Targeted RNA Demethylation Editor, TDE). These editors enable efficient deposition or removal of m6A modifications at targeted sites of endo‐transcripts GhECA1 and GhDi19 within a broad editing window ranging from 0 to 46 nt. TDE editor significantly decreases m6A levels by 24%–76%, while the TME editor increases m6A enrichment, ranging from 1.37‐ to 2.51‐fold. Furthermore, installation and removal of m6A modifications play opposing roles in regulating GhECA1 and GhDi19 mRNA transcripts, which may be attributed to the fact that their m6A sites are located in different regions of the genes. Most importantly, targeting the GhDi19 transcript with TME editor plants results in a significant increase in root length and enhanced drought resistance. Collectively, these m6A editors can be applied to study the function of specific m6A modifications and have the potential for future applications in crop improvement.
An Application of 3D Vision Transformers and Explainable AI in Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Sifat Faisal Ahmed , Arian Md Sahadul Hasan , Ahmed Saif , Farook Taseef Hasan , Mohammed Nabeel , Dudley James
Published: September 2024

To create and validate a transformer‐based deep neural network architecture for classifying 3D scans of teeth for computer‐assisted manufacturing and dental prosthetic rehabilitation surpassing previously reported validation accuracies obtained with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Voxel‐based representation and encoding input data in a high‐dimensional space forms of preprocessing were investigated using 34 3D models of teeth obtained from intraoral scanning. Independent CNNs and vision transformers (ViTs), and their combination (CNN and ViT hybrid model) were implemented to classify the 3D scans directly from standard tessellation language (.stl) files and an Explainable AI (ExAI) model was generated to qualitatively explore the deterministic patterns that influenced the outcomes of the automation process. The results demonstrate that the CNN and ViT hybrid model architecture surpasses conventional supervised CNN, achieving a consistent validation accuracy of 90% through three‐fold cross‐validation. This process validated our initial findings, where each instance had the opportunity to be part of the validation set, ensuring it remained unseen during training. Furthermore, employing high‐dimensional encoding of input data solely with 3DCNN yields a validation accuracy of 80%. When voxel data preprocessing is utilized, ViT outperforms CNN, achieving validation accuracies of 80% and 50%, respectively. The study also highlighted the saliency map's ability to identify areas of tooth cavity preparation of restorative importance, that can theoretically enable more accurate 3D printed prosthetic outputs. The investigation introduced a CNN and ViT hybrid model for classification of 3D tooth models in digital dentistry, and it was the first to employ ExAI in the efforts to automate the process of dental computer‐assisted manufacturing.
Accurate and Data‐Efficient Micro X‐ray Diffraction Phase Identification Using Multitask Learning: Application to Hydrothermal Fluids
Authors: Li Yanfei , Liu Juejing , Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Wenjun , Geng Tong , Li Ang , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2024

Traditional analysis of highly distorted micro X‐ray diffraction (μ‐XRD) patterns from hydrothermal fluid environments is a time‐consuming process, often requiring substantial data preprocessing and labeled experimental data. Herein, the potential of deep learning with a multitask learning (MTL) architecture to overcome these limitations is demonstrated. MTL models are trained to identify phase information in μ‐XRD patterns, minimizing the need for labeled experimental data and masking preprocessing steps. Notably, MTL models show superior accuracy compared to binary classification convolutional neural networks. Additionally, introducing a tailored cross‐entropy loss function improves MTL model performance. Most significantly, MTL models tuned to analyze raw and unmasked XRD patterns achieve close performance to models analyzing preprocessed data, with minimal accuracy differences. This work indicates that advanced deep learning architectures like MTL can automate arduous data handling tasks, streamline the analysis of distorted XRD patterns, and reduce the reliance on labor‐intensive experimental datasets.
Interactive Prompt‐Guided Robotic Grasping for Arbitrary Objects Based on Promptable Segment Anything Model and Force‐Closure Analysis
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Yaxin , Han Ruiqing , Zheng Kai , Yao Yufeng , Zhong Ming
Published: September 2024

Grasp generation methods based on force‐closure analysis can calculate the optimal grasps for objects through their appearances. However, the limited visual perception ability makes robots difficult to directly detect the complete appearance of objects. Building predefined models is also a costly procedure. These reasons constrain the application of force‐closure analysis in the real world. To solve it, this article proposes an interactive robotic grasping method based on promptable segment anything model and force‐closure analysis. A human operator can mark a prompt on any object using a laser pointer. Then, the robot extracts the edge of the marked object and calculates the optimal grasp through the edge. To validate feasibility and generalizability, the grasping generation method is tested on the Cornell and Jacquard datasets and a novel benchmark test set of 36 diverse objects is constructed to conduct real‐world experiments. Furthermore, the contributions of each step are demonstrated through ablation experiments and the proposed method is tested in the occlusion scenarios. Project code and data are available athttps://github.com/TonyYounger‐Eg/Anything_Grasping.
Halide Perovskite Induces Halogen/Hydrogen Atom Transfer (XAT/HAT) for Allylic C−H Amination
Authors: Shaikh Melad , Rubalcaba Kevin , Yan Yong
Published: September 2024

Allylic C−H amination has emerged as a powerful tool to construct allylamines, common motifs in molecular therapeutics. Such reaction implies an oxidative path for C−H activation but furnishes reductive amines, inferring mild oxidants’ inactivity for C−H oxidation but strong oxidants’ detriment to products. Herein we report a heterogeneous catalytic approach that manipulates halogen‐vacancies of perovskite photocatalyst and exploits halogenated‐solvents (i.e. CH2Cl2, CH2Br2) as mild oxidants for selective C−H allyl amination with 19,376 turnovers. CsPbBr3 nanocrystals induce cooperative hydrogen‐atom‐transfer (HAT, C−H oxidation, and halogen‐vacancy CsPbBr3−x formation) and halogen‐atom‐transfer (XAT, CsPbBr3−x‐induced solvent reduction) under a radical chain mechanism. Terminal/internal olefins are amenable to forge aromatic/aliphatic, cyclic/acyclic, secondary/tertiary allylamines (70 examples), including drugs or their derivatives.
Dibenzoquinone Cyclopentadithiophene Diradicaloids Show Optical Transitions of Different Spin States and Anomalous Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Privado María , Moles Quintero Sergio , Barrejón Myriam , de La Cruz Pilar , P. M. Janaarthana Babu , Casanova David , Langa Fernando , Casado Juan
Published: September 2024

We have prepared a series of bis(semiquinone) compounds with dithiophene bridges of different length that evolve from closed‐shell (smaller compound) to full diradical (longer compound) for which the narrow singlet‐triplet energy gap allows the triplet population at 298 K. The medium size system has a variety of photonic properties with absorptions and emission in the optical near‐infrared region mediated by a unique case of anti‐Kasha emission. A whole set of optical absorption/emission and vibrational steady state spectroscopies as well as picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, all complemented with spectroelectrochemistry and theoretical calculations, is presented.
K+‐Mediated vs Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of 9,10‐Didehydrotribenzo[8]annulene (TribenzoCOTyne): Stereodivergent Access to (α,α,α)‐ and (α,α,β)‐Fragments of Cubic Graphite
Authors: Bello‐García Jesús , Varela Jesús A. , Saá Carlos
Published: September 2024

A remarkable stereodivergent cyclotrimerization of 9,10‐didehydrotribenzo[8]annulene (tribenzoCOTyne) to the corresponding (α,α,α)‐ and (α,α,β)‐benzofused derivatives has been developed by controlling the reaction conditions. While the K+‐mediated cyclotrimerization afforded the (α,α,α) stereoisomer, using Pd as a catalyst resulted in the (α,α,β)‐derivative. Both stereoisomers were evidenced by spectroscopic data and crystal X‐Ray analysis. The (α,α,α) stereoisomer is a fragment of cubic graphite (CG), an elusive 3D carbon allotrope that contains carbon cages, since all of its sixty carbons are part of the structure of CG, and 36 constitute a part of the C48 molecular cage of CG. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies revealed that the potassium ion would play a key role as a template to favor the formation of the (α,α,α) stereoisomer.
Oral Patch/Film for Drug Delivery—Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Yan Yujie , Yan Wenjie , Wu Sihua , Zhao Hang , Chen Qianming , Wang Jiongke
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been extensive research into drug delivery systems aimed at enhancing drug utilization while minimizing drug toxicities. Among these systems, oral patches/films have garnered significant attention due to their convenience, noninvasive administration, ability to bypass hepatic first‐pass metabolism, thereby enhancing drug bioavailability, and their potential to ensure good compliance, particularly among special patient populations. In this review, from the perspective of the anatomical characteristics of the oral cavity and the advantages and difficulties of oral drug delivery, we illustrate the design ideas, manufacturing techniques, research methodologies, and the essential attributes of an ideal oral patch/film. Furthermore, the applications of oral patches/films in both localized and systemic drug delivery were discussed. Finally, we offer insights into the future prospects of the oral patch/film, aiming to provide valuable reference for the advancement of oral localized drug delivery systems.
Contraceptive implant migration to the ulnar nerve: A case report with literature review
Authors: Asaad Saywan K. , Salih Nigar M. , Hassan Marwan N. , Abid Mohammed S. , Hamid Hawbash F. , Ameen Ahmed Nahidah H. , Muhammad Huda M. , Ghafoor Abdullah K. , Othman Snur , Kakamad Fahmi H.
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Contraceptive implant migration is a rare complication associated with contraceptive implants: migration to the ulnar nerve, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis, imaging, and a multidisciplinary approach to mitigate neurovascular risks during insertion and removal procedures. The case report demonstrates the necessity for careful removal techniques and thorough patient follow‐up to ensure positive outcomes and prevent long‐term nerve damage.

There are some potential risks and complications associated with contraceptive implants, including neurovascular injury. The aim of this case report is to report a rare complication associated with contraceptive implants. A 32‐year‐old female, right‐hand dominant, presented to the orthopedic clinic for the extraction of a contraceptive implant (Implanon) from her left arm. She reported intermittent numbness in the ring and little fingers. Upon examination, the Implanon was not palpable. Both Phalen's test and Tinel signs were negative. An x‐ray of the arm revealed the implant's position. Under local anesthesia through a longitudinal incision, the Implanon was found within the perineurium of the ulnar nerve. Two weeks after the operation, the patient returned to the clinic. Upon examination, there were no indications of ulnar nerve neuropathy. If a patient undergoes subdermal implant‐associated pain or is at risk of neurovascular damage during removal, it is advisable to refer the patient to a family planning specialist experienced in handling challenging implant removals, and subsequently to a peripheral nerve surgeon, to optimize outcomes. The migration of a contraceptive implant to the ulnar nerve is an exceedingly rare but possible complication.
Functionalized α‐Cyanostilbene Derivatives for Detection of Hypoxia or Proteostasis Imbalance in Live Cells
Authors: Zhao Jiamin , Zaheer Maryam , You Jiawei , Owyong Tze Cin , Giel Marie‐Claire , Praveen Praveen , Li Wenyi , Hou Jianquan , Hogan Conor F. , Zhao Engui , Ding Siyang , Hong Yuning
Published: September 2024

α‐Cyanostilbene represents one of the easily functionalized aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) scaffolds. It has been widely adopted for the construction of fluorescent materials for broad applications. Here, we further expanded the utilization of α‐cyanostilbene derivatives for the detection of hypoxia or proteostasis imbalance in live cells. Four different amine containing donors were introduced to construct α‐cyanostilbene derivatives (R‐ASC) with donor‐acceptor scaffolds. Equipped with the cysteine (Cys) reactive group, maleimide (MI), R‐ASC‐MI shows fluorescence turn‐on property upon binding with unfolded proteins in vitro and in live cells under proteostatic stress. By virtue of R‐ASC‐MI, the level of unfolded protein loads in cells can be quantified by flow cytometry, or visualized under microscope. Furthermore, we also characterized the performance of R‐ASC‐NO2, synthetic precursors of R‐ASC‐MI, in cellular hypoxia. R‐ASC‐NO2 revealed upregulated activities of nitroreductase, as well as increased hydrophobicity in live cells, under either chemical (NaN3) induced or atmospheric (1 % O2) hypoxia. Together, the advantages of easy modification and high signal‐to‐noise ratio of new α‐cyanostilbene derivatives reported in this work highlight the great potential of α‐cyanostilbene in constructing functional biosensors and many other domains.
pH Independent and Efficient Photocatalytic Systems Enabled by Reaction Interface Microenvironment Regulation†
Authors: Zhou Hang , Sheng Xia , Chen Xi , Liu Zhiping , Feng Xinjian
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Photocatalysis is a promising green approach for water purification. The diversity of water pH values is a key factor that restricts its practical application since pH affects the adsorption of organic molecules, the stability of catalysts and photocatalytic performance. Here, we report a pH–independent, efficient and stable photocatalytic system with a liquid (water)–liquid (oil)–solid (semiconductor) (L–L–S) triphase interface microenvironment. The system is fabricated by coating a thin layer of silicon oil on the surface of ZnO nanowire arrays, a model chemically unstable semiconductor in both acidic and alkaline solutions. We show that the unique interface makes the dye adsorption pH independent and prevents the semiconductor from being corroded by strong acidic/alkaline solutions, leading to a stable and efficient photocatalytic reaction over a wide pH range (1—14). These findings reveal a promising path for the development of high‐performance catalysis systems applicable in complex water environments.
Molecularly Imprinted Porous‐Organic Framework with pH‐Responsive Adsorption Sites for the Selective Adsorption of Iron
Authors: Yang Yajie , Cai Fuli , Zhang Cheng , Gao Nan , Zhang Suming , Wang Guangtong , Yuan Ye
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Regulating brain iron metabolism and reducing neuronal ferroptosis is proven to be a potential method for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, gastric juice has a pH of 1.1—2.2 where a large number of interfering ions are dissociated from the food, which in turn causes traditional oral iron chelators to be saturated and inactivated. Herein, poly(4‐vinylbenzoic acid) polymer chains were introduced as guided by Fe3+ ion template into the porous network (TpPa‐1) via molecularly imprinted technology to obtain porous iron chelators, COOH@TpPa‐1. The COOH@TpPa‐1 maintains a multiple hydrogen bonding structure to block the channels in the stomach (pH ~1.1—2.2) with a strongly acidic environment, so just a small amount of active sites have been occupied. As COOH@TpPa‐1 enters the colon, the alkaline environment disrupts the original hydrogen‐bonded structure and forms anionic fragments, the bonding affinity for Fe3+ ions was ~4.0 times that in the stomach, and also gave a high selective coefficient 4.2 times higher than that of conventional iron chelators. These designable "on" and "off" states promote the effective enrichment of iron ions within the colon by the porous chelator and produce a favorable therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's symptoms caused by ferroptosis in mice.