bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models for dominating forest cover type prediction
Authors: Petrusevich D A
Published: March 2021

The question of the most suitable forest tree species for defined area and landscape has been investigated in the paper. A set of classifiers is constructed in order to build relations between type of soil and other features of forest area and preferable species of trees. The decision tree classifiers, ensemble methods implementing bagging and boosting over such trees are used. The machine learning methods are implemented to obtain the best suited tree species to cover given forest area. This classification task is one of very important problems of forest regeneration process. Efforts of ecologists can have better results if there are expert systems allowing to understand the best forest cover type for areas of forest fires or deforestation that takes place because of human factor. Results and conclusions of this paper can be used in processing of other forest recover tasks. The same methods can be implemented in order to get the preferable tree species for different areas if there’s enough data to solve these tasks with machine learning technique.
Ecological and coenotic characteristics of Vaccinium myrtillus L. in southern taiga forest communities
Authors: Kislitsina A V , Egoshina T L , Luginina E A
Published: March 2021

Materials in the paper characterize ecological range of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in southern taiga forests of Kirov region. It is significantly influenced by illumination, soil humidity, richness and acidity. Parameters of bilberry contribution to lower forest synfolium, structural and morphological peculiarities of the species were defined, as well as productivity.
Forest fires and forestry firefighting organization
Authors: Zhichkina L N , Nosov V V , Zhichkin K A , Kudryavtsev V V , Abdulragimov I A , Burlankov P S
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the situation with forest fires in the Samara region and suggests measures to combat them. The purpose of the work is to analyze the occurrence of fires in the Samara region, including in the Kinel-Cherkasy forestry. The study intends to solve the following problems: - to study the dynamics and causes of forest fires in the Samara region and the Kinel-Cherkasy forestry; - determine the extent of damage caused to the region forests by fires; - to analyze measures to improve the fire situation. Research methods: the abstract-logical method was used to assess the general situation with forest fires in the forestry of the Samara region; situational and system analyzes, econometric methods and the method of expert evaluations - to determine measures to improve the fire situation. Forest fires have a significant impact on the situation with the forests in the region. If in 2017 the share of forests killed by fires was less than 10%, then in 2010 and 2018 - more than 94%. In absolute terms, the minimum in 2018 was 68.8 ha, the maximum was 1687 ha (2010), which amounted to 0.25% of the region total forest area. It is necessary to carry out fire and preventive measures, taking into account the fire hazard situation in the area and the anthropogenic load on forests and adjacent territories. Based on the analyzed data, it is necessary to ensure the conservation of adult forest plantations and unclosed forest crops, taking into account the use of neighboring territories by farms and enterprises.
Intensive rice production systems in Europe
Authors: Svečnjak Z
Published: March 2021

In the European Union rice is mainly grown in the Mediterranean countries with Italy and Spain being the top producers. Toward the end of 20th century, the number of farms dramatically decreased in all rice producing countries. For example, in Italy the total number of rice farms decreased to about one-half while the mean cultivating area per farm showed a proportional increase (from 20 to around 50 ha). Due to the high cost and shortage of human labor in Europe, rice crop in Europe is mostly cultivated under the intensive production system. In Italy, a single farm worker can manage from 40 to 60 ha of rice fields and many farmers are University graduates. Farm mechanization usually includes a number of equipment such as plows, scrapers, manure-spreaders, harrows, furrowers, combines and milling-machines. The major production and environmental challenges related to intensive rice production systems in Europe are presented.
Analysis of oil palm plantation performance in environmental management based on ISPO principles and criteria
Authors: Nasution A R Habibi , Hariyadi  , Kartodiharjo H
Published: March 2021

Excellence, potential, and good prospects make palm oil plantations grow rapidly. Another underlying consideration is the important and strategic role as a activator nor accelerator in development and economy. Environmental and social issues become challenging in development’s sector, especially in the development of sustainable oil palm plantations. Since the implementations of the certification system for sustainable palm oil plantation’s in 2011 and was further clarified in Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 11 of 2015 about Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification System (ISPO), the Indonesian Government requires companies to produce palm oil sustainably. This research aims to analysis on the performance of oil palm plantations in environmental management based on ISPO principles and criteria. Research on several palm oil plantations of South Sumetera Province located in Musi Banyuasin Regency. Methods were used by collecting primary data through interviews and secondary data was obtained from data reviews such as company literature. The results of the analysis showed that the effectiveness of policy implementation through the fulfillment of environmental policy components can be fulfilled by most of companies. Meanwhile, in some cases, such as online reporting of land fires has not been fulfilled yet.
Carrying capacity analysis of integration system by-products in Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Setyawan A , Hariyadi  , Nahrowi
Published: March 2021

The focus of farmer management, especially the field of food crops in Polewali Mandar District of West Sulawesi Province, is only on the main products of agricultural commodities. On the other hand agricultural side products that still have added value are rarely noticed. This study was conducted to assess the level of supporting corn rice straw as well as cattle waste of beef cattle in Polewali Mandar District of West Sulawesi Province. The parameters calculated are Feed Concentration Index of the Corn Rice Straw, the carrying capacity of Crude Protein, the carrying capacity of Total Digestible Nutrient and the supporting capacity of beef cattle manure. The result showed during the period 2016-2019, as many as 7 out of 16 sub-districts had a high category Feed Concentration Index, crude protein support capacity against the beef cattle population of 77.48% - 97.84%, total Digestible Nutrient support for the beef cattle population of 121.24% - 148.67%. Calculation of manure support capacity against planting corn rice crops amounted to 54,81% - 62,1%. This study presents availability of agricultural by-products that have added value for the basis of agricultural policy-making in Polewali Mandar District.
Weed growth and sweet corn yield as affected by planting patterns and mulch types in organic farming practice
Authors: Nurjanah U , Setyowati N , Prasetyo P , Fahrurrozi F , Muktamar Z
Published: March 2021

Weed is the main problem in organic agriculture. Intercropping is an agricultural practice to control weeds. The study intended to compare weed growth and sweet corn yield in intercropping and monoculture patterns with different mulch types and to determine the best planting pattern and mulch type for crop growth and yield. A field experiment was conducted at the CAPS Research Station situated in Air Duku Village, Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu, at 1054 m above sea level. The experiment used Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. There were no interactions between planting patterns and organic mulch types on weed growth and sweet corn yield. Intercropping sweet corn-kidney bean and sweet corn-string bean suppressed the growth of weeds. Also, intercropping of sweet corn-kidney bean or sweet corn-string bean had similar sweet corn yield with monoculture. Rice straw and rice husk mulch suppressed weeds growth better than coffee husk mulch.
Analysis of vegetation biodiversity and urban park connectivity as landscape services provider in Bogor city
Authors: Adelia D , Kaswanto
Published: March 2021

The rapid urban development has its own positive and negative impacts, especially on the landscape. One of the attempts to overcome those negative impacts of urban development is to create Green Open Space. The proportion of green open space in an urban area should be at least 30% of the total area. One form of green open space is an urban park, which is also become a green belt infrastructure. Therefore, the object of this research is six urban parks in Bogor City; there are Sempur Park, Kaulinan Park, Peranginan Park, Kresna Field Park, Corat-Coret Park, and Katulampa Fasosfasum Park located in the Ciliwung Watershed. The methods used in this study are the Shannon-Wiener Index to analyze the biodiversity of urban parks in Bogor City, which has the results of a Shannon-Wiener index from low to high. While based on the results of the Sorensen Index, connectivity between Urban parks in Bogor City is classified from low to moderate. Furthermore, the correlation between vegetation biodiversity and connectivity was tested through the Spearman Rank Correlation Test, a strong and direct correlation. The outputs from this study are three recommendations for urban park management to improve vegetation biodiversity and connectivity in Bogor City.
Tree corridor planning for the ecological sustainability of agricultural area in Sekaran Village, Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Syartinilia  , Pramukanto Q , Makalew A D N , Suyitno R A , Shafira M , Kristiani Z , Fahmi I
Published: March 2021

Drought is the main problem faced in agricultural activities in Sekaran Village, Bojonegoro Regency. The primary agricultural commodities in Sekaran Village are corn and cattle breeding. Tree corridor planning is one of the proposed solutions to overcome this problem. This study aimed to develop a tree corridor plan for the agricultural area’s ecological sustainability in Sekaran Village by improving the quality and quantity of green open space. Spatial data obtained from the field survey using drone technology. Environmental variables used for corridor plan analysis were land cover, slope, road, and orthomosaic imageries. This study produced a tree corridor planning along 156.57 km located in agriculture land, roadsides, and valley/basin. The proposed tree species has ecological functions such as water absorption and improving microclimate, production functions (food and cattle feed), and aesthetic functions. Tree corridors will use a hedgerow model to form an integrated corridor system in Sekaran Village. Tree species recommended such as Swietenia mahogani, Delonix regia, Spathodea campanulata, Gliricidia sepium, Centrosema pubescens, Leucaena leucocephala, Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Psidium guajava.
Sorghum germination inhibition using its water extract cultivated in swampland with different irrigation patterns
Authors: Susilo E , Setyowati N , Nurjanah U , Riwandi  , Muktamar Z
Published: March 2021

One of the allelopathic uses is the application of sorghum water extract for weed control. Drought-shaped abiotic stress plays an important role in the plant contribution of allelopathy. This study aimed to examine the inhibition of sorghum water extracts grown in swampland with different irrigation patterns. The study employed a randomized complete block designed with two factors. The first factor was irrigation patterns, i.e., four weeks of dry and saturated water, alternating weekly saturated and dry water for four weeks, and alternating weekly dry and saturated water for four weeks. The second factor was water extract concentration, consisting of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5 % and 10%. Dry Ultisol was assigned as a control treatment. The bioassay procedure was set up with 25 sorghum seeds per petri dish. Each petri dish was solved and incubated for four days with a 10 ml sorghum water extract from each of the above treatments. The results showed the highest germination inhibition levels were in the interaction between the dry patterns (dry swampland and dry Ultisol) at 7.5% of water extraction. Sorghum extract, grown in dry swampland, is a potential for good bioherbicide production.
The mechanical and chemical scarification to break dormancy and increasing vigor of Sunan candlenut seed
Authors: Utami E P , Santika E , Hidayat C
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research is to identify a treatment that can break the dormancy and increase the vigor of candlenut seed (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) seedling. Treatments were mechanical scarification and chemical scarification. Mechanical scarification was control (S0), cracking (S1), filing (S2), and sanding (S3). Chemical scarification was control (T0), immersion in 10% HCl (T1), 10% H2SO4 (T2), and 10% KNO3 (T3) for 20 minutes. Soon after treatment, the persistence of seed dormancy (weeks), speed growing (% etmal−1), and height of the seedling were observed. Cracking the seed was showed the highest growth rate among all treatments (2,44 % etmal−1). Mechanicals and chemicals scarification were effective to break seed dormancy. Persistence of seed dormancy mechanical and chemical scarification various between 3-5 weeks, meanwhile the control was 7 weeks. Seedlings with the treatment combination of cracking and soaking with 10% KNO3 were the highest in 1, 3, and 5 weeks after planting.
Agronomic performance of rice varieties in modified ratoon salibu
Authors: Zarwazi L M , Junaedi A , Sopandie D , Sugiyanta  , Purwono  , Agustiani N , Sujinah  , Nildalina
Published: March 2021

Modified ratoon salibu is a technique of increasing crop index and production of rice. This research was aimed to knew to obtain information on some varieties appropriate to modified ratoon salibu. The experiment was conducted from April 2017 to March 2018 at Farmers Field of Tanah Datar District of West Sumatra. The investigation was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 14 treatments and three replications. The treatment consists of 14 varieties, i.e., Hipa 8, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, Hipa Jatim 2, Inpari 6, Inpari 10, Inpari 19, Inpari 43, Ketan Ciasem, Ketan Grendel, Kebo, Cisokan, Batang Piaman, and Ciherang. The result showed that the hybrid rice variety more tiller than the inbred and local variety. Batang Piaman variety was the tallest variety on modified ratoon salibu. Some types were appropriate on modified ratoon salibu until salibu two and yield same with Batang Piaman, i.e., Inpari 6, Inpari 10, Inpari 19, Inpari 43, Ketan Ciasem, and Cisokan. Percentage of the ratooning ability of rice variety 12,71% to 80,20 %.
Optimization rate of empty fruit bunch and NPK compound fertilizer for 4-years-old oil palm
Authors: Sudradjat  , Diansyah A N
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), followed by Malaysia as the second producing country. CPO production of Indonesia and Malaysia reaches 80% of all world production. However, fertilizing empty fruit bunches should be combined with inorganic fertilizers. Empty fruit bunches of oil palm are waste from CPO processing, and the amount is very abundant. The use of empty bunches combined with compound NPK fertilizer is intended to increase the vegetative growth and support productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum rate of empty fruit bunches and NPK compounds. The research was conducted at the Teaching Farm of IPB-University, Jonggol, Bogor, from March 2016 to March 2017. The treatment consists of two factors, the first factor is the treatment of empty bunches (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg plant−1 year−1) and the second factor is NPK compound (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg of plant−1 year−1). The results of this study determined that the optimum rate of empty fruit bunches fertilizer is 128 kg palm−1, and the optimum rate of NPK compound fertilizer is 4.61 kg palm−1 for 4-year-old oil palm.
Growth and yield of edamame soybean in post-tin mining land with application of Rhizobium bacteria and organic fertilizer
Authors: Lestari T , Apriyadi R , Amandha G
Published: March 2021

Post tin mining land in Bangka Island can be utilized as agricultural land with the application of organic fertilizer and Rhizobium. Organic fertilizer and Rhizobiumare the right combination to provide a good planting environment for edamame soybean. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of organic fertilizer and Rhizobium the growth and yield of edamame soybean in post tin mining land. This research was conducted in a post-tin mining land, Bangka, from January to May 2020. This research used a split-plot randomized complete block design. The main plot was an application of Rhizobium (legin) consisting of without Rhizobium (R0) and Rhizobium (R1). The subplot was the application of organic fertilizer consisting of empty palm fruit bunch (P1), husk (P2), and commercial compost (P3). The results showed that commercial compost gave the best effect on plant height, the number of leaves, chlorophyll content, weight of 100 seeds, number and weight of pods per plant, number and volume of roots. Rhizobium gave the best effect on the numbers of roots, root volume, and percentage of effective root nodules. The combination of husk and Rhizobium legin gave the best effect on the flowering day of edamame soybean in post tin mining land.
Effect of paraquat dichloride application to the soil arthropods on the rice field, corn, and oil palm plantation
Authors: Nurulalia L , Mubin N , Dadang
Published: March 2021

Paraquat dichloride is a non-selective contact herbicide currently used by farmers in Indonesia to control weeds on plantations, such as palm oil, rubber, and cocoa. There are only a few studies to date on the eco-toxicological aspects of paraquat. Therefore, the research aim was study the effect of paraquat application on soil arthropods on three commodities. The research conducted on the rice and corn fields, and oil palm plantations in two consecutive seasons. Treatments included three paraquat concentrations (4, 8, and 16 ml/l); carbendazim (2 g/l); and control, with five replicates. The number and abundance of soil arthropods observed using pitfall traps and the collection of outermost soil layers for each crop at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after application. The order number of soil arthropods collected from rice, oil palms, and corn in season 1 was 12, 13, and 16, respectively; and 10, 16, and 16 in season 2. The three most dominant groups of soil arthropods were collembola, mites, and ants. The population patterns of soil arthropods for those three commodities were similar. Paraquat was thought to be toxic to non-target organism, such as terrestrial arthropods. This research showed that paraquat had an effect on the presence and population of soil arthropods for certain time after application. However, after 8 to 12 weeks after application, the population increased slightly.
Evaluation of inoculum arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Brachiaria decumbens
Authors: Karti P D M H , Prihantoro I , Aryanto A T
Published: March 2021

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can help plants to uptake nutrients, especially phosphorus, so that plants will produce sustainably. The study aimed to evaluate the inoculum of AMF obtained by hydroponic techniques, such as spray, drip, and NFT (Nutrient Film Techniques), with different nutrients Hyponex red and AB mix onBrachiaria decumbensgrass. The experimental design used randomized complete design with 7 treatments namely control, SP1 (Spray/Hyponex red), SP2 (Spray/AB mix), NP1 (NFT/Hyponex red), NP2 (NFT/AB mix), DP1 (Drip/Hyponex Red), DP2 (Drip/AB mix). Variables measured were production of shoot dry matter; content, and uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, and crude protein. The results showed that AMF inoculum significantly (p<0.05) increased shoot dry matter production, phosphor, nitrogen, and protein content when compared with control. Phosphorus uptake in SP2 gave the best results but not significantly different from NP1, NP2, and DP1, but significantly different (p<0.05) with SP1, DP2, and control. The AMF inoculum significantly (p<0.5) increased nitrogen and protein uptake when compared to control. The conclusion that AMF inoculum increased shoot dry matter, phosphor, nitrogen, and protein content, and uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, and protein. The inoculum that has been produced can be used by the community to increase productivity.
Suitability criteria of land characteristics related to Eucalyptus pellita production
Authors: Nadalia D , Sutandi A , Nugroho B
Published: March 2021

Existing land suitability criteria are generally based on empirical data relative to land characteristics estimates and have not been related to production estimates. This study aimed to arrange land characteristics suitability related to Eucalyptus pellita production by the boundary line method approach. Soil samples, soil characteristics, and actual production of the tree were taken from districts at PT. Arara Abadi, Riau. A relationship between land characteristics and plant production was plotted in the scatter diagram. The data scatter confined by boundary lines consists of one or two lines of simple linear regression equations. The intersection between boundary lines equations with the bulkhead production on the x-axis (soil characteristics) derived land characteristics suitability criteria. The results showed that the optimum land characteristics to support maximum productivity of E. pellita were sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or loamy sand soil texture, pH 4.0 - 4.7, base saturation > 7.51%, organic C > 1.10%, Al saturation < 37%, total N > 0.08%, available P > 4.7 ppm, exchangeable K > 0.03 cmol (+) kg−1, and slope < 18%. The criteria were then validated on the field and suggested that the land characteristics suitability criteria were about 70% valid.
Agroforestry inside oil palm plantation for enhancing biodiversity-based ecosystem functions
Authors: Tarigan S , Buchori D , Siregar I Z , Azhar A , Ullyta A , Tjoa A , Edy N
Published: March 2021

At the oil palm landscape, conserving biodiversity and ecosystem processes can range from continuous adjacent forest remnant to tree patches (agroforestry) maintained within the oil palm landscape on steep slopes and riparian margins. The objective of the research was to analyze patched of tree planting inside monoculture oil palm plantation (agroforestry) as one variant of landscape multifunctionality for enhancing biodiversity-based ecosystem functions including soil macrofauna, soil water recharge/retention, and pollinators. The observation was carried out in 2019 in agroforestry islands established in 2013 by EFForTS research project inside monoculture oil palm plantation. At the agroforestry age of 5 years in 2019, the abundance of individual soil fauna in agroforestry plots and oil palm plantation was not significantly different. The infiltration and soil big pores in agroforestry tended to be higher than in oil palm active rows. Pollinator species richness was not significantly different in all plant diversity levels and plots. Similar to its richness, pollinator abundance is neither affected in different plant diversity levels nor plots. The lack of pollinator presence may be caused by the haze from forest and land fires that happened during the research.
Sustainability of Horticulture in Agriculture Era 4.0 in Lembang Sub-district, West Java
Authors: Stanny Y A , Barus B , Pravitasari A E
Published: March 2021

Horticulture in Lembang Sub-district seems to be threatened with unsustainability due to urban expansion in Bandung Metropolitan Area. This urban expansion causes a land conversion and puts farmers at risk of losing their arable land. In Agriculture Era 4.0, horticulture management should be integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT), so it can survive amid the urban expansion. Hence, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture in the current Agriculture Era 4.0 by knowing the spatial distribution of horticulture and land capability class in Lembang Sub-district. The data was collected through field surveys, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. While the methods were performed by visual interpretation and overlay using ArcGIS and RAP-FARM/MDS. Results showed that 3,079.03 ha was classified as horticulture with vegetables as the dominant cultivated. Based on the horticultural distribution and land capability class, the sustainability index of horticulture were: 54.27 (horticulture in class III), 54.47 (horticulture in class IV), and 44.11 (horticulture in class VI). Horticulture in class III and class IV has quite sustainable status, while class VI has less sustainable status. This study results can be taken into consideration in determining spatial planning for sustainable horticultural development in Lembang Sub-district.
Water resource potential at Sekaran Village, Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Pandjaitan N H , Rau M I , Sutoyo  , Febrita J
Published: March 2021

Water is an essential element for agriculture, including fodder cultivation. The fodder production for School of the Community Farming (SPR) was planned to be located at Sekaran Village, Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia. Sekaran Village always has water shortage particularly during the dry season. Sekaran Village is located in East Java and the river discharge was low. The study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative potential of water resources from both surface and groundwater. The surface water potential was analyzed based on discharge measurement at the river and rainfall potential at the village. According to river discharge and rainfall potential, several small reservoirs could designed to collect rain water during the wet season and the location for planned reservoir was also examined. Furthermore, the groundwater potential was assessed based on a geoelectrical survey at 20 points of measurements within the study area. The discharge of the river was 1.43 L/sec and of the spring was 0.62 L/sec. The results showed that the groundwater potential was low with only less than 1 L/sec. However, this could be maximized by constructing shallow wells. To choose the reservoir and wells locations, aerial mapping was conducted to portray the topography. The research result could be used by the farmers to design their agricultural activities including developing SPR.
Developing sustainable pepper smallholders in the East Luwu regency, South Sulawesi province
Authors: Wahyudi A , Sujianto S , Wulandari S
Published: March 2021

Sustainable agriculture aims to improve productivity, conserve the environment, promote social welfare, and improve economic efficiency. The productivity of white pepper smallholders in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, was the highest in Indonesia at 1.4 tons/ha, and some smallholders reached more than 6 tons/ha. This research aimed to study the cultivation practices and evaluate sustainability from an environmental, social, and economic perspective. The method used in this research was a case-study on accomplished smallholders in Ranteangin Village, Towuti District. Pepper smallholders’ outstanding cultivation practices that threaten sustainability from environmental and social perspectives were clean land clearing, monoculture planting pattern, utilization of wood supports, clean weeding, and processing. While from an economic perspective, most cultivation practices were sustainable because the higher cost incurred can be offset by higher productivity. Strategies to develop sustainable cultivation practices are implementing more appropriate technologies such as minimum tillage application, multispecies planting of cover crops, live tree supports, and waste treatment in product processing.
Characterization of genes encoding key enzymes involved in sugar metabolism of matoa (Pometia pinnata)
Authors: Agusri  , Widodo W D , Matra D D
Published: March 2021

Matoa (Pometia pinnata JR Forst. & G Forst.) is one of Indonesia’s underutilized fruits, which can grow to giant trees up to 50 m (164 ft) and found naturally in the Asia-Pacific region, mainly in lowland tropical areas about 14°N to 20°S. Matoa fruit contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoid, tannin, and saponin, secondary metabolite compounds derived from sugar metabolism. Sugar metabolism involved several genes that control the photosynthesis pathway. This research aimed to isolate and characterize the gene related to sugar metabolism depending on the assembled-transcriptome database genome against the UniProt database using the BLASTX program. Six gene sequences characterized 176,002 number of contigs that are nine contigs of Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), four contigs of Sucrose-phosphate (SPP), 12 contigs of Sucrose synthase (SUS), 19 contigs of Alkaline/neutral invertase (INV), four contigs of Cytosolic invertase (CINV), 20 contigs of Beta-fructofuranosidase (CWINV). The research lays the foundation for a comprehensive study of biological mechanisms involved in sugar metabolism growth and the development life circle of matoa.
Chemical characteristics of kelulut honey (Trigona sp.) in Bangka Tengah District, Indonesia
Authors: Evahelda  , Setiawan I , Aini S N , Afriani Z L
Published: March 2021

Honey is a natural liquid which generally has a sweet taste produced by honey bees (Apis sp.) from floral nectar or other parts of plants (extrafloral). Kelulut honey is the honey produced by kelulut bees (Trigon sp). The kelulut bee is a member of the Meliponidae family (Stingless bee) and has a smaller body size compared to Apis bees, making it safe for cultivation. The honey quality cannot be uniformed every time it is harvested. This is because the physical and chemical quality characteristics of honey are very dependent on external and internal factors. External factors that influence it are the source of nectar, season, soil or geographic conditions, processing, and storage conditions. The internal factor that influences it is the type of bee. This study aimed to analyze the chemical characteristics of Bangka kelulut honey based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3545: 2013. The honey sample used was fresh kelulut honey without processing from the Karomah Forest Farmer Group in Lubuk Lingkuk Village, Lubuk Besar District, Central Bangka Regency. The results showed that the chemical quality characteristics of Bangka kelulut honey have not passed the standards set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3545: 2013, especially on water content, reducing sugar content and acidity, respectively 28.7%, 59.3%, and 74.6 ml NaOH/kg. Kelulut honey also has vitamin C of 24.1 mg/kg.
The microbiological and chemical characteristics of mozzarella cheese supplemented with different level of kefir
Authors: Ferawati  , Purwati E , Melia S , Suharto E L S , Agestayani
Published: March 2021

The effect of kefir supplementation on the characteristic of mozzarella cheese was investigated. Kefir is a fermented milk product that contains lactic acid bacteria, acetic bacteria, and yeast. The quality of mozzarella cheese has strongly influenced the level of kefir. The characteristics of mozzarella cheese with the addition of kefir were studied by measuring pH value, moisture content, protein content, fat content, total viable count, and total lactic acid bacterial count. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were performed by kefir supplementation levels, i.e., 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%. The higher level of kefir supplementation influenced the microbiological and chemical characteristics of mozzarella cheese. The optimal characteristics of mozzarella cheese were 12% kefir with a pH of 4.8±0.13, a fat of 11.97±0.12%, protein of 23.05±0.22%, moisture of 47.61±0.72%. The mesophilic viable count was 4.7±0.2 log CFU/g, and the lactic acid bacteria was 9.02±0.2 log CFU/g. It is concluded that the best mozzarella cheese by the supplementation of 12% kefir is based on microbiological and chemical characteristics.
Chemical properties of buffalo milk from Sianok Village, Agam District, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar S K , Purwati E , Kurnia Y F , Melia S
Published: March 2021

Buffalo milk is widely available in West Sumatera, Indonesia, which is processed as a traditional food ingredient, so it is necessary to understand its nutritional content. This study aimed to determine the chemical properties of buffalo milk. The measured variables were protein, fat, moisture, pH, and titratable acid. The research method was a descriptive method and analysis in the laboratory. The sample used was taken from four breeders with different lactation types, including 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6thlactation. This sample was taken in Agam Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The results showed that the nutrition composition of buffalo milk is: protein content of 1.99% - 6.55%, fat content of 2.40% - 15.29%, moisture content of 73.07% - 91.20%, pH of 5.9 - 6.4 and titratable acid of 0.50% - 0.58%. The conclusion is that buffalo milk has good nutritional quality.
Study on Operation Scheme Optimization of Compound Ground Source Heat Pump System in Severe Cold Area
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Peiqiang , Sun Ying , Xu Ying , Qi Dongxin , Qin Yu
Published: March 2021

Aiming at the imbalance of soil heat caused by the application of Ground Source Heat Pump System in severe cold areas, the energy supply performance of the system under the control of conventional operation scheme and multi-mode switching scheme was simulated by using TRMSYS system simulation software. The results show that the CGSHPS has good energy supply performance under the control of multi-mode operation scheme; Under the multi-mode switching operation scheme, the total heat extraction of the heat exchanger in the whole year is less than the heat storage, the energy consumption of the unit is less, and the soil temperature increases by 0.09°C after the periodic operation of the system.
Improved Coordinated Control of Coal-fired Power Units with Large-scale Renewable Energy Integration by Introducing Battery Energy Storage System
Authors: Zhang Guangming , Niu Yuguang , Wang Wei , Gan Zhiyong , Tang Ningning
Published: March 2021

With a high proportion of renewable energy being connected to the grid, the stable operation of the power system has been severely challenged. Conventional coal-fired power units need to take measures to compensate for random fluctuations in renewable power generation. This study introduces the battery energy storage system (BESS) to the coordinated control system (CCS) of the coal-fired units to improve the load regulation. Firstly, the dynamic models of boiler-turbine unit and BESS are set up. Furthermore, an improved coordinated control system combined with boiler, turbine, and BESS is designed. A dual controller that consists of BESS and fuel control is proposed to improve the power ramp rate. Finally, a power step simulation in a 330 MW coal-fired power unit is conducted. The simulation results show that the power ramp rate is 60 MW/min and the AGC performance index reaches 7.68 with the improved strategy.
Fourth-order Compact and Energy Conservation Scheme for MRLW Equation
Authors: Chai Jinli , Guo Cui
Published: March 2021

The modified regularized long wave equation(MRLW) is studied. It is necessary to solve MRLW equation problem. We introduce an auxiliary variable to reduce the highest second derivative to the first derivative. Here, a new numerical scheme is proposed, the compact difference is defined. We use the integral Finite Volume method with variational integral limitation for the space layer discrete and the Crank-Nicolson method for the time layer discrete. A fully discrete numerical scheme is obtained. The numerical scheme ensures the energy conservation of the original equation. The accuracy of the new numerical scheme is o (h
4 +τ2). At the same time, the existence of the solution of the numerical scheme is discussed.
Research and Practice of Testing Technology for the Use Characteristics of Electric Bus
Authors: Yin Aihua
Published: March 2021

Electric buses are widely used at present, and the social demand for vehicle maintenance and inspection technology is increasing. Compared with traditional cars, electric buses have a large number of electronic control units and complex structures. Traditional inspection ideas and methods are difficult to be accurate Reflect the status and failure of electric vehicles. In this paper, through the discussion of the main problems in the detection of electric buses, the high-voltage online detection process, the outage detection process and the research and practice of detection methods of using characteristics of electric bus vehicle are determined. The detection methods of characteristics such as consumption rate and power transmission and insulation between vehicles provide technical references for the correct use, technical support and technical integrity of electric buses.
Adhesive Reliability Study at the Encapsulant/Backsheet Interface of Solar Modules for Various Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer White Films
Authors: Zhuang Hao , Huang Guoping , Jiang Yashuai , Sun Guan , Bai Xueliang , Li Jingnan
Published: March 2021

White EVA film has recently been widely applied between the solar cells and the backsheet to improve the light reflection and gain more power. The peel strength between EVA layer and backsheet may decrease in damp heat environments. The decline in peel strength may vary for different EVA films as well as different match with backsheets. In this work, the weather resistance performance of four different white EVA films were comparatively studied with four different backsheets. Peel strength before and after the damp heat test for 1000h and 1500h was measured. For the interface with low initial peel strength, increase in bonding force was observed after the damp heat test. For the interface with high initial peel strength, degradation in bonding force may probably occur. These results suggest that a higher initial performance cannot always ensure a higher performance after degradation.
Research on Forming Process of Aviation Composite Material Based on Finite Element Simulation
Authors: He Jun , Cao Meng , Cong Fanglin , Wang Shuo
Published: March 2021

The temperature field by influenced during the curing process of the autoclave, the composite material laminate produces thermal stress and curing residual stress resulting in deformation. Hence, the product is difficult to achieve the expected goal. In this paper, finite element analysis of composite laminates is carried out by using ABAQUS software. For the composite prepreg unidirectional zone, the finite element simulation of the temperature distribution, stress distribution and deformation of composite laminates is carried out during the curing process. The mathematical model of composite curing is established, and the curves of stress and temperature with time are obtained. The influence of various factors on the curing effect is obtained. The influence of factors such as autoclave holding temperature, heating rate, gas pressure in the tank and layup angle on the temperature field and stress field of composite laminates are discussed by finite element method. Through the method of finite element model, time and experiment cost can be saved effectively, which provides a powerful theoretical basis for actual production.
A LCA-based Optimization Method of Green Ecological Building Envelopes: A Case Study in China
Authors: Song Yiming , Zhang Hong , Mo Hongzhi
Published: March 2021

Climate change and resource depletion have led to the destruction of the environment, making it more urgent to address the irreversible environmental effects caused by construction industry. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a systematic analytical method applied to evaluate buildings since 1990, covering every phase of buildings’ whole life cycle. However, the application and influence of LCA has been restricted due to the time-consuming procedures, the high cost of software, the hysteresis and limited samples in academic studies. This research takes a light-frame industrialized housing product as a prototype, collects a variety of common building envelope materials, evaluates the life cycle energy of 1344 possible wall assemblies by using C# language, and investigates the influences of different materials. The results show that construction energy accounts for 65.97% to 68.41% of life cycle energy, which is the largest part in the whole life span, much higher than the proportion of operation energy. Meanwhile, both life cycle energy and construction energy are strongly influenced by the outer layer materials of the building’s envelope, and the operation energy is closely related to the thermal insulation materials. In addition, this paper also shows a feasible methodology that could be adjusted to estimate various life cycle performance (including life cycle energy, life cycle carbon emissions, life cycle cost assessment, etc.) automatically in the architectural design stage and guide the buildings’ design more effectively.
Study on the Preparation Method and Combustion Characteristics of Biomass Char Fuel Made from Chicken Manure Synergistic Plastic Waste
Authors: Wang Jingfu , Matsushita Takamichi , Yuminaga Jikyou , Jia Hongxin
Published: March 2021

In order to solve the problem of energy utilization of urban plastic garbage and livestock manure, this paper developed a method and technology to produce high-calorific value biomass char fuel through low-temperature pyrolysis in drying, thermal decomposition, extrusion and other processes, using urban plastic garbage and chicken manure as raw materials which are difficult to recycle. Established the verification experiment device in Chiba prefecture, with a 15% plastic + 85% chicken manure as raw material, the preparation of the calorific value of 5500-6000 kcal/kg of high calorific value of biomass char fuel. The ignition temperature, burning-out temperature, comprehensive combustion characteristic index S and other combustion characteristics of fuel were analysed by thermogravimetric experiments. The kinetic analysis of fuel was carried out by means of Coats-Redfern method. The pre-exponential factor and activation energy of combustion temperature range were obtained. The results show that the volatilization of biomass char fuel exceeds 60%, the ignition temperature and burnout temperature are low, and the ignition performance is good and the combustion speed is fast. The fuel calorific value is 24985kJ/kg (5976kcal/kg), the activation energy is 55.11kJ/mol, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index S is 4.57×10−8 min−2K−3, which is similar to bituminous coal. In addition, biomass char fuel contains almost no sulphur and does not require desulfurization equipment. It is a kind of biomass fuel that can achieve clean and efficient combustion and replace coal.
Insights into Variable Effects of As (III) on the Fate of Antibiotics Resistance Genes and Microbial Community during Antibiotic Fermentation Dregs Co-composted with Swine Manure
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Peng
Published: March 2021

Composting is used commonly for the treatment and cycle utilization of solid organic wastes like antibiotics fermentation dregs (AFDs) and swine manure. Heavy metal arsenic is prevalent in those two matters as well. While its effects on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes and succession of microbial communities are still unclearly. Therefore, the lab-scale composting experiments with two exposure levels of As were established in this study. The results showed that co-composting could reduce the biological activity and toxicity of As effectively, and the bioavailable As contents had a higher potential ecological effects on the dissemination of ARGs rather than the total amounts of As. Additionally, correlations analysis indicated that the succession of bacterial community and bioavailable heavy metals were all response for the ARGs propagation during As-amended co-composting process, indicating that the changes of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of various factors during the co-composting process.
Land Transportation Accessibility and Urbanization Spatial Pattern Based on Coupling Coordination—Taking Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example
Authors: Wang Qi , Qian Yongsheng , Zeng Junwei , Yin Fan , Zhu Leipeng
Published: March 2021

Urbanization and transportation network construction influence and restrict each other. To explore the interaction between transportation development and urbanization spatial pattern, take the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration as an example to discuss the evolution relationship between land transportation accessibility and urbanization spatial pattern based on coupling coordination measurement model. The results show that the spatial distribution of urbanization level has typical characteristics of “core-periphery”. Besides, the accessibility of all kinds of land transportation presents a pattern of “central agglomeration” and “axis expansion”. The coupling coordination degree of the land transportation accessibility and urbanization is generally higher, and the western region is better than that of the eastern area. Specifically, coupling coordination degree between urbanization and high-speed railway/ordinary railway accessibility is higher in the west and lower in the east, while it opposite between urbanization and highway/land transportation accessibility, which is higher in the east and lower in the west.
A Generalized Approach to Estimating the Out-of-plane Buckling of Steel Sections with a Triangularly Corrugated Web
Authors: Kudryavtsev Sergey
Published: March 2021

Building practice shows that I-sections consist of flanges and corrugated web could be quite effectively used for the construction of compressed structures. In the present work, an investigation into the behaviour and design of steel bending and compressed members with the triangularly corrugated web is carried out. Based on the result of the finite element analysis (FEA) conducted by the ABAQUS an attempt is made to generalize approaches in the evaluation of the stability of such structures. The necessity for this work is since, in the most building codes and studies, the issues of the global buckling of such structures are considered separately for beam structures and for structures at central and eccentrical compression. Most of the building codes do not provide any recommendations and requirements for the design of compression members with corrugated webs at all and only consider the case of bending. It is shown that beam and column structures with triangularly corrugated web works almost identically in case of out-of-plane buckling. Finally, is proposed an expression allow to calculate the critical force in flanges of the cross-section in case of out of plane buckling caused by transverse bending, axial of eccentrical compression uniformly, that could be useful for practical structural design.