bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timelines as a tool for learning about space weather storms
Authors: Knipp Delores J. , Bernstein Valerie , Wahl Kaiya , Hayakawa Hisashi
Published: March 2021

Space weather storms typically have solar, interplanetary, geophysical and societal-effect components that overlap in time, making it hard for students and novices to determine cause-and-effect relationships and relative timing. To address this issue, we use timelines to provide context for space weather storms of different intensities. First, we present a timeline and tabular description for the great auroral storms of the last 500 years as an example for space climate. The graphical summary for these 14 events suggests that they occur about every 40–60 years, although the distribution of such events is far from even. One outstanding event in 1770 may qualify as a one-in-500-year auroral event, based on duration. Additionally, we present two examples that describe space weather storms using solar, geospace and effects categories. The first of these is for the prolonged storm sequence of late January 1938 that produced low-latitude auroras and space weather impacts on mature technology (telegraphs) and on high frequency radio communication for aviation, which was a developing technology. To illustrate storm effects in the space-age, we produce a detailed timeline for the strong December 2006 geomagnetic storm that impacted numerous space-based technologies for monitoring space weather and for communication and navigation. During this event there were numerous navigations system disturbances and hardware disruptions. We adopt terminology developed in many previous space weather studies and blend it with historical accounts to create graphical timelines to help organize and disentangle the events presented herein.
Plasma and Erytrocyte Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Frequent Breath-Holding Spells
Authors: Dilber Beril , Akbulut Ulas Emre , serin Hepsen Mine , Alver Ahmet , Menteşe Ahmet , Kolaylı Ceyda Cevriye , Cansu Ali
Published: March 2021

Background Breath-holding spells (BHS) are common non-paroxysmal events with unknown pathophysiology. BHS have been associated not only with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) but also with oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and erythrocyte injury induced by hypoxia. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of IDA in BHS and the oxidant/antioxidant balance in children with or without IDA in BHS and compare them with healthy controls.Additionally, the study also aimed to examine the effect of the frequency of BHS attacks (mild or severe) on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and to determine the best predictive oxidant and antioxidant markers.

Materials and Methods The study included 66 children with BHS aged 6–48 months who had been followed up for a minimum period of one year between 2014 and 2018. A control group of 30 age- and gender-matched healthy children was included in the study. The patient group was divided into 2 groups (IDA and non-IDA) and these groups were compared between each other and also with the control group. The IDA group was divided into subgroups based on the frequency of BHS attacks. Blood samples were obtained within a maximum period of 24 h following the spell. Levels of protein carbonyl, nitrite, nitrate, TOS, TAS, OSI, MDA, enzyme activities of GPx, CAT,enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPx, and the level of MDA were measured.

Results In patients with IDA, the oxidant levels increased while the antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. In all patients, the levels of MDA, carbonyl, TOS, OSI increased and the levels of TAS, activities SOD, and CAT decreased, whereas the enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, GPx decreased significantly compared to those of control group. Increased of erythrocyte MDA levels had 10.32, decreased enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD levels had a 10.25, and decreased enzyme activities of erythrocyte CAT had a 5.33 times greater risk for spell.

Conclusion The results indicated that the oxidant/antioxidant balance in children with BHS was impaired in favor of oxidants at both levels, regardless of the presence of IDA and the increased frequency of BHS attacks per day. Moreover, the presence of IDA was found to be associated with increased oxidative stress in children with BHS, particularly at the erythrocyte level. Erythrocyte level; among the erythrocyte MDA oxidant parameters, erythrocyte SOD and antioxidant parameters, they are the biomarkers that show the best probability of having a BHS attack and an increase in the frequency of apnea attacks.
Influencer-Marketing im Gesundheitswesen: Eine Übersicht
Authors: Krisam Mathias , Altendorfer Laura-Maria
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund Influencer auf sozialen Medien spielen eine wichtige Rolle im
(digitalen) Alltag von Millionen Deutschen. Im Gesundheitsbereich werden diese
Protagonisten und Kanäle nicht nur mit kommerziellen Absichten, sondern zunehmend auch zum
Transport von Gesundheitsbotschaften genutzt. Noch besteht jedoch kein Wissen über den
Nutzen dieser Kommunikationsform. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, fassen wir die aktuelle
Evidenz über den Einsatz von Influencern in der Gesundheitskommunikation zusammen.

Methode Durchführung einer selektiven Literaturrecherche auf PubMed nach
„Influencer Marketing und Gesundheit“ und Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse.

Ergebnisse Die Suche erbrachte 173 Ergebnisse, von denen 4 Arbeiten als relevant
eingestuft wurden.

Schlussfolgerung Bisher besteht nur schwache Evidenz über eine
gesundheitsförderliche Komponente durch die Kommunikation von Influencern. Sowohl in der
Praxis als auch in der Wissenschaft muss mehr Wissen über den gesundheitsförderlichen
Einsatz von Influencern gewonnen werden.
Über den Umgang mit Alkohol – eine qualitative Auswertung von 30 Interviews mit alkoholabhängigen Patienten
Authors: Lötscher Fabian , Steinauer Regine , Lang Undine , Wiesbeck Gerhard , Walter Marc
Published: March 2021

Einleitung Die Alkoholabhängigkeit ist eine chronisch-rezidivierende Abhängigkeitserkrankung. Für verschiedene Behandlungsformen konnte eine positive Wirksamkeit auf den Verlauf der Erkrankung nachgewiesen werden. Die subjektive Sicht der Patienten auf ihre Erkrankung und die angebotenen Behandlungen ist bislang noch wenig untersucht.

Methoden 30 Patienten mit einer Alkoholabhängigkeitserkrankung (n = 20 Psychiatrische Klinik, n = 10 Suchtberatung) wurden gefragt, wie sie in der Vergangenheit mit dem Alkoholproblem umgegangen sind. Die Interviews wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und anhand aktueller qualitativer Auswertungsmethoden analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die Aussagen der Patienten konnten drei Kategorien zugeordnet werden. Die Alkoholabstinenz, die Suchtbehandlungen und das soziale Umfeld wurden mehrheitlich positiv beschrieben. Allerdings zeigten die meisten Patienten sowohl positive als auch negative Aussagen in diesen Bereichen.

Diskussion Die gegensätzlichen Aussagen zeigen ein Spannungsfeld auf, das die Ambivalenz der alkoholabhängigen Patienten in relevanten Bereichen demonstriert. Diese Ambivalenz kann wichtig für die Therapie und den Verlauf der Erkrankung sein.
Erste Fälle des Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome nach SARS-CoV-2-Infektion bei jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland
Authors: Rieper Karl , Sturm Andreas
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund Das seltene Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome ist bisher bei Kindern als neuartiges Hyperinflammationssyndrom mit Beteiligung verschiedener Organsysteme nach stattgehabter Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 beschrieben worden. Nachdem bisher vereinzelte Fälle aus Großbritannien und den USA mit „Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults“ (MIS-A) beschrieben wurden, werden erstmals 2 Fälle von „Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults“ (MIS-A) aus Deutschland vorgestellt, die sich initial zeitgleich und atypisch präsentierten.

Anamnese #1: 27-jähriger Patient mit Fieber bis 40 °C, rechtsseitigen Unterbauchschmerzen und Diarrhöen, Peritonismus. #2: 21-jährige Patientin mit okzipital betonten Kopf- sowie Nackenschmerzen, Somnolenz, Fieber bis 40 °C.

Befunde #1: Es zeigten sich erhöhte Entzündungsparameter und ein erhöhtes Nt-proBNP. Im CT-Abdomen wurden initial Zeichen einer Ileitis terminalis und Kolitis beschrieben. Koloskopisch konnte ein Morbus Crohn ausgeschlossen werden. In der transthorakalen Echokardiografie zeigte sich ein schmaler Perikarderguss ohne hämodynamische Relevanz. Ein SARS-CoV-2-Antikörpertest war positiv. #2: Es zeigten sich erhöhte Entzündungsparameter und ein erhöhtes Nt-proBNP. Die kraniale Computertomografie war unauffällig. Mittels Lumbalpunktion konnte eine Meningitis ausgeschlossen werden. Ein Thorax-CT und eine Abdomen-Sonografie waren ohne pathologischen Befund. In der transthorakalen Echokardiografie zeigte sich eine leichtgradig reduzierte LVEF von 50 %. Ein SARS-CoV-2-Antikörpertest war positiv.

Therapie und Verlauf #1: Eine antibiotische Therapie brachte keine Besserung. Auch eine Prednisolon-Therapie blieb ohne Erfolg. Bei Kreislaufversagen war eine hochdosierte Katecholamin-Therapie notwendig. Erst eine hochdosierte intravenöse Hydrokortison-Therapie brachte eine erhebliche klinische Besserung. #2 Der klinische Zustand verschlechterte sich trotz antibiotischer Therapie. Bei unzureichender klinischer Besserung unter Hydrokortison erfolgte eine hochdosierte intravenöse Immunglobulin-Therapie. Darunter stabilisierte sich der Zustand und die Patientin konnte schließlich beschwerdefrei mit normalisierter LVEF entlassen werden.

Folgerung Das Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome präsentiert sich als klinisches Chamäleon. Im Rahmen der aktuellen SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie muss mit zunehmenden Fallzahlen auch bei Erwachsenen gerechnet werden. Aufgrund des potenziellen schweren klinischen Verlaufs und möglicher kardialer Beteiligung muss bei Fieber und erhöhten Entzündungswerten der Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen erfolgen und nach Diagnosestellung eine Therapie mit Hydrokortison, ASS und Immunglobulinen evaluiert werden.
Algorithmic Detection of Boolean Logic Errors in Clinical Decision Support Statements
Authors: Wright Adam , Aaron Skye , McCoy Allison B. , El-Kareh Robert , Fort Daniel , Kassakian Steven Z. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Malhotra Sameer , McEvoy Dustin S. , Monsen Craig B. , Schreiber Richard , Weitkamp Asli O. , Willett DuWayne L. , Sittig Dean F.
Published: March 2021

Objective Clinical decision support (CDS) can contribute to quality and safety. Prior work has shown that errors in CDS systems are common and can lead to unintended consequences. Many CDS systems use Boolean logic, which can be difficult for CDS analysts to specify accurately. We set out to determine the prevalence of certain types of Boolean logic errors in CDS statements.

Methods Nine health care organizations extracted Boolean logic statements from their Epic electronic health record (EHR). We developed an open-source software tool, which implemented the Espresso logic minimization algorithm, to identify three classes of logic errors.

Results Participating organizations submitted 260,698 logic statements, of which 44,890 were minimized by Espresso. We found errors in 209 of them. Every participating organization had at least two errors, and all organizations reported that they would act on the feedback.

Discussion An automated algorithm can readily detect specific categories of Boolean CDS logic errors. These errors represent a minority of CDS errors, but very likely require correction to avoid patient safety issues. This process found only a few errors at each site, but the problem appears to be widespread, affecting all participating organizations.

Conclusion Both CDS implementers and EHR vendors should consider implementing similar algorithms as part of the CDS authoring process to reduce the number of errors in their CDS interventions.
Procedural Analgesia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Reddy Sushma , Nesargi Saudamini V. , Stevens Sofia , Jose Jiya , Babu Hindumati
Published: March 2021

Objective Neonates perceive pain which also has adverse long-term consequences. Newborns experience several painful procedures a day. Various methods of analgesia may be used but are underutilized. The SMART aim of this project was to increase the use of procedural analgesia from 11.5 to 75% in 6 months by using quality improvement principles.

Study Design After a baseline audit, a root cause analysis was done. Based on this, a series of interventions were done as Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. These included posters on analgesia, display of the pain protocol, orders for analgesia, a written test, small power point presentations on the importance of analgesia, and reminders on the trays used for procedures. At the end of each PDSA cycle, an audit was done to determine the proportion of times analgesia was used. Process indicators were also used when possible. Analysis was done by using the Chi-square test and the paired t-test.

Results At baseline 11% of procedures were done after giving analgesia. This significantly improved to 40% at the end of the first PDSA, and 81% after third PDSA. This was sustained at 75% over the next 2 months.

Conclusion Procedural analgesia can improve and be sustained by using simple interventions.

Key Points
Versatile silicon microwave photonic spectral shaper
Authors: Guo Xin , Liu Yang , Yin Tangman , Morrison Blair , Pagani Mattia , Daulay Okky , Bogaerts Wim , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Casas-Bedoya Alvaro , Marpaung David
Published: March 2021

Optical modulation plays arguably the utmost important role in microwave photonic (MWP) systems. Precise synthesis of modulated optical spectra dictates virtually all aspects of MWP system quality including loss, noise figure, linearity, and types of functionalities that can be executed. However, for such a critical function, the versatility to generate and transform analog optical modulation is severely lacking, blocking the pathways to truly unique MWP functions including ultra-linear links and low-loss high rejection filters. Here, we demonstrate a versatile radiofrequency (RF) photonic spectral shaper integrated in a silicon photonic circuit. The spectral shaper controls the two modulation bands generated from an electro-optic modulation process in their relative amplitude and phase, offering an enhanced versatility for microwave-photonic modulation applications. Using the spectral shaper, we show electrically tailorable modulation transformations. Furthermore, we show a series of unprecedented RF filtering experiments through monolithic integration of the spectral shaper with a network of reconfigurable ring resonators.
Mixed conductivity analysis of single crystals of α‴-(Cd1−x Znx)3As2 (x = 0.45)
Authors: Zakhvalinskii V. S. , Nikulicheva T. B. , Kochura A. V. , Lahderanta E. , Shakhov M. , Kubankin A. S. , Sukhov M. , Yaprintsev M. N. , Morocho A. A.
Published: March 2021

We study the conductivity and magnetoresistance of the α‴ phase solid solution of (Cd1−xZnx)3As2 (x = 0.45). Single crystals of (Cd1−xZnx)3As2 are obtained by the modified Bridgman method. The space group and tetragonal lattice parameters of single crystals are found to be I41/amd and a = b = 8.56(5) Å, c = 24.16(6) Å. The temperature dependence of the conductivity and magnetoresistance is studied in the temperature range of 1.6–320 K and in the presence of a transverse magnetic field from 0 to 10 T. Mixed conductivity is analyzed using Hall resistivity data and standard quantitative mobility spectrum analysis. The concentration and mobility of holes are determined at different temperatures. The presence of two types of holes with different mobilities is demonstrated in the temperature range of 1.6–19 K, while with increasing temperature, just one type of charge carrier is observed in the mobility spectrum.
Viscoelastic phase separation model for ternary polymer solutions
Authors: Yoshimoto Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi
Published: March 2021

When a polymer solution undergoes viscoelastic phase separation, the polymer-rich phase forms a network-like structure even if it is a minor phase. This unique feature is induced by polymer dynamics, which are constrained by the temporal entanglement of polymer chains. The fundamental mechanisms of viscoelastic phase separation have already been elucidated by theory and experiments over the past few decades; however, it is not yet well understood how viscoelastic phase separation occurs in multicomponent polymer solutions. Here, we construct a new viscoelastic phase separation model for ternary polymer solutions that consist of a polymer, solvent, and nonsolvent. Our simulation results reveal that a network-like structure is formed in the ternary bulk system through a phase separation mechanism similar to that observed in binary polymer solutions. A difference in dynamics is also found in that the solvent, whose affinity to the polymer is similar to that of the nonsolvent, moves freely between the polymer-rich and water-rich phases during phase separation. These findings are considered important for understanding the phase separation mechanism of ternary mixtures often used in the manufacture of polymeric separation membranes.
Variable coefficient magnetic energy loss calculating model for magnetostrictive materials considering compressive stress
Authors: Guo Pingping , Huang Wenmei , Xia Zhiyu , Weng Ling
Published: March 2021

The effect of variable compressive stress on hysteresis, eddy-current, and anomalous losses in magnetostrictive materials is investigated by the built magnetic characteristic testing system. Based on experimental results of Terfenol-D and loss separation theory, the trends of loss coefficients of three variables, magnetic frequency f, peak flux magnetic density Bm, and compressive stress σ, are analyzed. The reasons for the change in losses are explained from the point of view of micro-magnetism and physical mechanism. A variable coefficient magnetic energy loss calculating model considering compressive stress is derived using the algorithm of Levenberg–Marquardt and the method of multivariate parametric regression. The experimental and computed results of magnetic energy losses are compared and analyzed under different operating conditions. The analysis results show that the proposed model could well predict the losses under compressive stress at high-frequencies (5–20 kHz). The average error of the computed and experimental results is 5.5%. This research has improving significance in giving theoretical guidance for magneto-mechanical design in the high-frequency operated conditions of magnetostrictive devices.
Separation of particles using the focused acoustic sorting chip based on the wettability treatment
Authors: Liu Guojun , Wang Meng , Li Xinbo , Li Yan , Li Pengfei , Li Zhiqiang , Ma Xiang
Published: March 2021

Combining the focusing energy characteristics of the focused interdigital transducer with the self-cleaning function of the wettability surface, a focused acoustic sorting chip based on the surface wettability treatment is proposed in this work. In the laboratory, two kinds of focused acoustic sorting chips based on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic wall characteristics were designed and fabricated separately. The corresponding separation experiments were carried out using polystyrene microparticles with diameters of 1 and 10 µm. Moreover, the particle adhesion characteristics based on different surface wettability and the effects of average velocity (Va) and input power (P) on particle deflection were investigated. The relevant optimum separation conditions were confirmed, namely under the hydrophilic treatment of the micro-channel surface, when the work frequency (f) was 131.83 MHz, Va = 4 mm/s, and P = 320 mW. Under these conditions, the optimal separation efficiency can reach 99.17%. The proposed chip has the advantages of simple structure, high separation accuracy, self-cleaning, and focusing energy.
Biofortification of wheat with zinc as affected by foliar applications of zinc, pesticides, phosphorus and biostimulants
Authors: Ning Peng , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Wu Tianqi , Li Yafei , Wang Shaoxia , Fei Peiwen , Dong Jinjin , Shi Jianglan , Tian Xiaohong
Published: March 2021

Integrating foliar zinc (Zn) application into common practices, e.g. application of pesticides, phosphorus (P) or biostimulants, is a feasible agronomic strategy of wheat biofortification. However, it remains unclear how this integrated approach affects the efficacy of foliar Zn sprays, especially under unfavourable environmental conditions. Here, two field experiments considering Zn forms (ZnSO4 and zinc-glycine) and applications (alone or combined with pesticides, KH2PO4, and biostimulants amino acids or fulvic acids) were conducted in two seasons (2017 and 2018), and their effects on the magnitude of grain Zn increment and bioavailability were evaluated. The results showed that less precipitation in 2018 caused 11.7–52.2% yield losses than in 2017, which increased grain Zn concentration by 13.4–58.4%. Foliar application of Zn-glycine did not surpass ZnSO4 spray in regarding to grain Zn concentration and bioavailability. Grain Zn concentration substantially decreased in plants sprayed with KH2PO4 irrespective of Zn forms applied, indicating strong antagonistic effects of P supply on grain Zn enrichment. There were no differences in grain Zn density between the applications of amino acids and fulvic acids. However, grain Zn bioavailability significantly increased by 22.3 and 23.4% in the Zn plus pesticides treatment when sprayed with fulvic acids in 2017 and with amino acids in 2018, respectively. Overall, environmental conditions and foliar Zn management considering Zn forms and applications accounted for 35–45% and 20–37% of explained variation in the magnitude of grain Zn increment, respectively. The results demonstrated that management and environment are crucial factors to consider in agronomic biofortification of wheat.
Clinicopathological characteristics of lymphoproliferative disorders in 232 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: A retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study
Authors: Takada Hideto , Kaneko Yuko , Nakano Kazuhisa , Tanaka Masao , Fujii Takao , Saito Kazuyoshi , Sugimoto Naoki , Sasaki Shoh , Saito Shuntaro , Saito Rintaro , Kuramoto Nobuo , Harigai Masayoshi , Suzuki Yasuo
Published: March 2021

Objective

To describe the clinicopathological characteristics of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

In this multicenter case series, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of RA patients who were newly diagnosed as having LPDs with or without biopsy confirmation between 2000 and 2017 in eight hospitals in Japan.

Results

We included 232 patients with LPDs. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range [IQR], 60–73 years), and 77.1% were female. At the time of LPD diagnosis, 94.8% and 62.6% of the patients were methotrexate users and in remission or had low RA disease activity, respectively; lymphadenopathy and extranodal involvement were present in 77.1% and 51.9%, respectively. Major extranodal sites were the lungs and oral/oropharyngeal mucosa. The most common LPD pathological subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (40.5%), followed by classic Hodgkin lymphoma (10.8%), Epstein–Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (7.7%), and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (6.2%). The clinical and laboratory characteristics varied across the pathological subtypes.

Conclusion

LPD occurred mainly in methotrexate users, while RA disease activity did not seem to be associated with LPD development. Although the clinical manifestations vary among pathological subtypes, manifestations of LPD in patients with RA can include lymphadenopathy, extranodal mass, and mucocutaneous ulcer.
FUS-dependent liquid–liquid phase separation is important for DNA repair initiation
Authors: Levone Brunno R. , Lenzken Silvia C. , Antonaci Marco , Maiser Andreas , Rapp Alexander , Conte Francesca , Reber Stefan , Mechtersheimer Jonas , Ronchi Antonella E. , Mühlemann Oliver , Leonhardt Heinrich , Cardoso M. Cristina , Ruepp Marc-David , Barabino Silvia M.L.
Published: March 2021

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as important effectors of the cellular DNA damage response (DDR). The RBP FUS is implicated in RNA metabolism and DNA repair, and it undergoes reversible liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that FUS-dependent LLPS is necessary for the initiation of the DDR. Using laser microirradiation in FUS-knockout cells, we show that FUS is required for the recruitment to DNA damage sites of the DDR factors KU80, NBS1, and 53BP1 and of SFPQ, another RBP implicated in the DDR. The relocation of KU80, NBS1, and SFPQ is similarly impaired by LLPS inhibitors, or LLPS-deficient FUS variants. We also show that LLPS is necessary for efficient γH2AX foci formation. Finally, using superresolution structured illumination microscopy, we demonstrate that the absence of FUS impairs the proper arrangement of γH2AX nanofoci into higher-order clusters. These findings demonstrate the early requirement for FUS-dependent LLPS in the activation of the DDR and the proper assembly of DSB repair complexes.
Power spectrum of intrinsic alignments of galaxies in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Kurita Toshiki , Takada Masahiro , Osato Ken , Kobayashi Yosuke , Nishimichi Takahiro
Published: March 2021

We present the 3-dimensional intrinsic alignment power spectra between the projected 2d galaxy shape/spin and the 3d tidal field
across 0.1<k/<60 using cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, Illustris-TNG300, at redshifts ranging from 0.3 to 2. The shape-tidal field alignment increases with galaxy mass and the linear alignment coefficient AIA, defined with respect to the primordial tidal field, is found to have weak redshift dependence. We also show a promising detection of the shape/spin-tidal field alignments for stellar mass limited samples and a weak or almost null signal for star-forming galaxies for the TNG300 volume, ∼ 0.01 (h-1 Gpc)3.
We further study the morphology and environmental dependence of the intrinsic alignment power spectra. The shape of massive disk- and spheroid-galaxies tend to align with the tidal field. The spin of low mass disks (and spheroids at low redshifts) tend to be parallel with the tidal field, while the spin of massive spheroids and disks tend to be perpendicular to tidal field.
The shape and spin of massive centrals align with the tidal field at both small and large scales. Satellites show a radial alignment within the one-halo term region, and low mass satellites have an intriguing alignment signal in the two-halo term region.
We also forecast a feasibility to measure the intrinsic alignment power spectrum for spectroscopic and imaging surveys such as Subaru HSC/PFS and DESI.
Our results thus suggest that galaxy intrinsic alignment can be used as a promising tool for constraining the galaxy formation models.
AOAR: an automatic ocular artifact removal approach for multi-channel electroencephalogram data based on non-negative matrix factorization and empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Gu Yue , Li Xue , Chen Shengyong , Li Xiaoli
Published: March 2021

Objective. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals suffer inevitable interference from artifacts during the acquisition process. These artifacts make the analysis and interpretation of EEG data difficult. A major source of artifacts in EEGs is ocular activity. Therefore, it is important to remove ocular artifacts before further processing the EEG data. Approach. In this study, an automatic ocular artifact removal (AOAR) method for EEG signals is proposed based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). First, the amplitude of EEG data was normalized in order to ensure its non-negativity. Then, the normalized EEG data were decomposed into a set of components using NMF. The components containing ocular artifacts were extracted automatically through the fractal dimension. Subsequently, the temporal activities of these components were adaptively decomposed into some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by EMD. The IMFs corresponding to ocular artifacts were removed. Finally, the de-noised EEG data were reconstructed. Main results. The proposed method was tested against seven other methods. In order to assess the effectiveness and reliability of the AOAR method in processing EEG data, experiments on ocular artifact removal were performed using simulated EEG data. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method was superior to the other methods in terms of root mean square error, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and correlation coefficient, especially in cases with a lower SNR. To further evaluate the potential applications of the proposed method in real life, the proposed method and others were applied to preprocess real EEG data recorded from children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). After artifact rejection, the event-related potential feature was extracted for classification. The AOAR method was best at distinguishing the children with ADHD from the others. Significance. These results indicate that the proposed AOAR method has excellent prospects for removing ocular artifacts from EEG data.
Modes development of PLGA scaffolds modification by magnetron co-sputtering of Cu and Ti targets
Authors: Badaraev A D , Sidelev D V , Yurjev Y N , Bukal V R , Tverdokhlebov S I
Published: March 2021

Bioresorbable scaffolds from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were formed by electrospinning. Then, plasma modification of PLGA scaffolds was carried out by magnetron co-sputtering of copper and titanium targets in Ar. The surface morphology, elemental composition and mechanical properties of the obtained samples were investigated. The modes of plasma modification were selected that could preserve the macrostructure, morphology and mechanical properties of PLGA scaffolds.
Cathodic arc-PVD Zr-B-Si-C-Ti-(N) coatings
Authors: Blinkov I V , Belov D S , Shestakova V M , Chernogor A V , Yu Kuznetsov B , Laptev A I
Published: March 2021

Arc-PVD coatings Zr-B-Si-C-Ti-N and Zr-B-Si-C-Ti were obtained using combined evaporated ZrB2-SiC-Ti cathodes in a residual atmosphere of N2 and Ar. Their structure and composition were investigated. The Zr-B-Si-C-Ti-N coating has a predominantly amorphous structure, formed mainly on the basis of nitride, carbide, boride phases and complex compounds Zr, Si, Ti. The Zr-B-Si-C-Ti coating is characterized by an amorphous-nanocrystalline structure. The amorphous component of this coating is formed mainly by phases based on Zr and Si. The nanocrystalline structure is formed by a complex carbide (Zr, Ti) C.
Effectiveness enhancement of non-contact vacuum pumps working process
Authors: Burmistrov A , Raykov A , Isaev A , Salikeev S
Published: March 2021

Three options of rotor profiles of Roots vacuum pump are considered: elliptic, circular, and involute. Rotor profiles are drawn in the same housing and are analyzed from point of view of backward leakage minimization through inter-rotor channel and geometric pumping speed increase. It is shown that coefficient of working volume use is only 3% higher for involute profile. Averaged over one revolution conductance of rotor mechanism channels is minimal for elliptic rotor profile. For inter-rotor channel it is 14% less than for involute profile. The presented approach makes it possible to choose the optimal rotor profile of Roots pump for particular purpose.
The effect of nickel on the high-temperature properties of multilayer ceramic coatings
Authors: Chernogor A V , Blinkov I V , Volkhonskiy A O , Sergevnin V S
Published: March 2021

The structure and composition of multicomponent TiCrMoN-Ni arc-PVD coatings with high nickel concentration (more than 8 at.%) are studied at bias potentials of 80-140 V. All coatings are characterized by a layered structure, the modulation period tends to decrease as increasing the bias potential. After annealing at 850 °C in vacuum, the coatings retain their layered structure without signs of dissolution of layers in each other. Nickel sublayers retain their polycrystalline structure, at the same time, the monolayer CrN are formed due to recrystallization.
The large clusters influence on the supersonic flows gas dynamics in a rarefied medium
Authors: Dubrovin K A , Zarvin A E , Yaskin A S , Kalyada V V
Published: March 2021

The processes of Van der Waals clusters formation in supersonic gas flows expanding into a rarefied medium are discussed in this report. The necessary conditions for cluster formation, methods for measuring the average size and size distribution of clusters in a rarefied gas flow are considered. The problems associated with electron-beam ionization of clusters during mass spectrometry of clustered flows are analyzed. The process of intracluster energy exchange in mixtures, that leads to the possibility of inverse pumping of electronic levels of atoms, is illustrated. The problems arising during optical measurements of density in cluster flows are demonstrated. The effect of large clusters formation on the shape and structure of supersonic flows is shown.
Low-temperature formation of boron-containing layers and coatings by electron-ion-plasma method
Authors: Ivanov Yu F , Shugurov V V , Teresov A D , Petrikova E A , Petyukevich M S , Tolkachev O S
Published: March 2021

Saturation of the surface of metals and alloys with boron is one of the promising methods for improving the service characteristics of the material. The aim of the present work is to analyze the elemental and phase composition, the state of the defective substructure of the surface layer of high chromium steel, which has been saturated with boron atoms under combined treatment conditions. It has been shown that low-temperature (653 K) ion-plasma borating allows forming a multilayer structure with a total thickness of up to 15 um, containing nano-sized borides of iron and chromium. The hardness of the «film (B)/substrate (AISI 304 steel)» system was increased by 2.2 times relative to the steel in the initial state; hardness of «film (B)/substrate (AISI 310S steel)» system exceeds hardness of initial steel by 1.2 times. The «film (B/W)/substrate (steel)» system is formed and melted with an intense pulsed electron beam. The formation of nanoscale particles of borides and carboborides of iron and chromium was revealed. It is shown that the hardness of the «film (B/W)/substrate (AISI 304 steel)» system after irradiation with an electron beam is 1.5 times lower than the hardness of steel in the initial state; hardness of the «film (B/W)/substrate (AISI steel 310S)» system - 2.3 times.
Identification of defective Pt structure after neutron and ion irradiation
Authors: Ivchenko V A
Published: March 2021

The adequacy of the effect of radiation exposure of different types on the same material (Pt) has been established. For this purpose, radiation defects of one type were studied using field ion microscopy (FIM). The structure of defects was studied on an atomically clean surface and in the near-surface volume of platinum after bombardment with neutrons and ion beams (E > 0.1 MeV and E = 30 keV, respectively). It is shown that the interaction of fast neutrons (E > 0, 1 MeV, F = 6.7 • 1021 m−2, F = 3.5 • 1022 m−2) with platinum leads to certain radiation damage in the volume. The same defects are observed when irradiated with Ar+ ion beams (E = 30 keV, F = 6.7 • 1020 m−2). The latter were found at a depth of about 1.5-2 nm from the irradiated surface. Thus, analog modeling of neutron and ion irradiation with a substance was performed.
Investigation of the effect on power generation level and dynamic characteristics in discharge of carbon dioxide based mixtures
Authors: Kiselev A S , Smirnov E A
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the influence of the power level of the generation of a CO2 laser on its electrical and dynamic characteristics. The dependences obtained will make it possible to take into account the effect of the generation level on the discharge characteristics when calculating the stability of systems for stabilizing the radiation power of gas-discharge lasers.
Method and equipment for forming multilayer intermediate structures in the production of antiemission coatings
Authors: Kostrin D K
Published: March 2021

In the paper the method and equipment for forming antiemission coatings based on platinum and zirconium are described. This method is based on the preliminary formation of a multi-layer complex structure consisting of layers of different compositions, with high-temperature annealing of which it is possible to obtain a high-quality layer of zirconium carbide. Later this layer serves as the basis for obtaining one of the most promising types of anti-emission coatings - Pt3Zr. To implement this method an electronic device with a microprocessor module was developed that allows controlling the pressure in the working chamber, as well as regulating the voltages and currents in the vacuum arc installation.
Study of the texture and residual stresses in multilayer Nb/Mo coatings obtained by inverted magnetrons
Authors: Lozovan A A , Ya Betsofen S , Lenkovets A S , Labutin A A , Kostrin D K , Grushin I A
Published: March 2021

This work is devoted to the study of the formation of the structure, crystallographic texture and residual stresses in multilayer Nb/Mo coatings deposited by inverted magnetrons on a tubular substrate made of a chromium-nickel alloy. Microprobe analysis of the obtained samples did not show the presence of Nb–Mo solid solutions resulting from mutual diffusion, which is most likely caused by low heating of the coating material during deposition. The results of the studies show that in the outer layers of the multilayer coating, residual stresses are characterized by relatively low values. It is likely that the alternation of layers of refractory metals that differ in thermal linear expansion coefficient values leads to mutual compensation of thermal stresses. Thus, the value of the residual stresses of a multilayer coating of any thickness is comparable to a two-layer coating. The texture effect in a multilayer coating is insignificant compared to the effect of solid solution formation, so high-temperature annealing will help to equalize the elastic characteristics and, accordingly, the stress state in the coating.
Time saving technique for studying thermal processes in magnetron sputtering of titanium target
Authors: Pavlov V A , Shapovalov V I , Shestakov D S , Rudakov A V , Shabalin A E
Published: March 2021

The kinetics of thermal processes on a substrate during magnetron sputtering of a titanium target has been studied. A technique is proposed for reducing the time of the substrate heating temperature measurement, which is useful in performing extensive experiments in multifactorial problems. The selection criterion for the duration of the observation interval can be the relative error in extrapolating the stationary temperature of the substrate. The technique is universal in nature and allows to reduce the time of a single experiment by a factor of 2 - 3 with an error of no more than 5%.
Tribological properties of CrAlSiC coatings fabricated under various conditions for generating carbon plasma
Authors: Rubshtein A P , Zavalishin V A , Vladimirov A B , Plotnikov S A
Published: March 2021

There were investigated tribological properties of CrAlSiC coatings deposited by two techniques. In both techniques a plasma source of a cathode-arc discharge with Cr-Al-Si composite target served the source of Cr, Al, and Si atoms during coating deposition. A plasma source of a pulsed cathode-arc discharge with graphite cathode and a gas discharge device to generate a non-self-sustained discharge in argon-acetylene mixture have been used for generating carbon plasma in first and second techniques, correspondingly. First coating has a low coefficient of friction. Under frictional action, coating wears out uniformity without chipping. Second coating is less resistant to frictional action.
Magnetron discharge with molybdenum target in argon
Authors: Shestakov D S , Shapovalov V I , Rudakov A V , Shabalin A E , Pavlov V A
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the results of original experimental studies of magnetron sputtering of molybdenum cold and hot targets in argon at a pressure of 1-4 mTorr. The current-voltage characteristics (the I-V characteristics) of a magnetron discharge were measured at a discharge current of up to 10 A. It was found that the I-V characteristics of a magnetron with a cold target in the range of 5-6 A contain an inflection point. The intensities of the molybdenum and argon lines in the optical emission spectra of the discharge depend on both the discharge current and the argon pressure. With an increase in the discharge current, regardless of the argon pressure, the process of excitation of argon atoms passes the inflection point and enters a stationary state. The I-V characteristics of the hot target magnetron contain a maximum. The optical spectra of a magnetron discharge with a hot target contain two components: the emission spectrum of the discharge and the emission spectrum of the heated target. The dependence of the target temperature, calculated from these spectra, on the discharge power is described with a high confidence by an exponential. Similarly, the target temperature depends on the discharge current and pressure.
Atomic-molecular and acoustoelectronic processes in a rarefied gas medium
Authors: Simakov I G , Gulgenov Ch Zh , Bazarova S B
Published: March 2021

The features of the interaction of surface acoustic waves with a rarefied gas medium are considered. The relationship between acoustoelectronic and atomic-molecular phenomena accompany the processes of adsorption and desorption of atoms and molecules on the surface of a solid is analyzed. Two types of sorption processes are discussed: adsorption and desorption of gas on a solid surface; adsorption and vapour desorption. In the first process, the temperature of the adsorbent is higher than the boiling point of the corresponding liquid. In the second, the adsorbent temperature corresponds to the area of coexistence vapour and liquid. In each case, the use of vacuum technology in the processes under investigation is noted.
Study of partial pressures of gases in vacuum chamber using multifunctional high-vacuum plant
Authors: Sokolov A N , Rozanov L N , Schedrincky M Z , Bebyakov V M , Vorobev M G , Sinkova V A , Sukharev K N
Published: March 2021

The article studies the mass spectrum of gases inside the vacuum chamber of a multifunctional high-vacuum plant during pumping by different types of high-vacuum pumps. The most effective method to provide the high vacuum inside the cryovacuum systems is to jointly use turbomolecular and cryoadsorption pumps with the ion pump operating periodically.
Test bench to study thermal modes of photodetectors in aerospace applications
Authors: Sokolov A N , Rozanov L N , Schedrincky M Z , Larin M P , Rybas K V , Vorobev M G , Sinkova V A , Koldyba A I
Published: March 2021

The article describes a thermal vacuum bench for studying the thermal modes of photodetectors. The bench allows simulating various thermal impacts on photodetectors in a wide range of temperatures.
Development of a high-voltage divider for kilovoltmeters used in testing and training of electrovacuum devices
Authors: Uhov A A , Kostrin D K , Martsinukov S A
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the main approaches to the design of high-voltage dividers intended for use in devices that provide voltage control during testing and training of electrovacuum devices. The main circuits of such dividers, namely resistive, capacitive and compensated, are modeled. As a result of research, the optimal parameters of the compensated divider that is most suitable for use in such devices were found, and the design of this device was developed.
Simulation of the spacecraft supersonic jets in vacuum on small-sized laboratory installations
Authors: Zarvin A E , Dubrovin K A , Yaskin A S , Kalyada V V , Khudozhitkov V E
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the experience of modeling supersonic jets of rarefied gases expanding into a vacuum or highly rarefied medium of any given gas composition, as well as interacting flows from nozzle blocks on experimental installations developed at Novosibirsk State University. Examples of visualization of complex sparse flows, results of measurements by electron-beam spectroscopy and molecular-beam mass spectrometry of the density and flows composition under different flow conditions are given. The obtained experimental data validation problems and natural conditions modeling possibilities on small-sized laboratory installations, model and real flows conditions and parameters of similarity are discussed.
An Intrusion Detection Model Based on SMOTE and Convolutional Neural Network Ensemble
Authors: Tian Luyao , Lu Yueming
Published: March 2021

Massive, multi-dimensional and imbalanced network traffic data has brought new challenges to traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs). The detection performance of traditional algorithms is closely related to feature extractions, which are not effective in the massive and imbalanced data environments. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection model based on synthetic minority oversampling technology (SMOTE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) ensemble. It converts original traffic vectors into images, designs a CNN structure, and combines SMOTE and CNN ensemble to solve the problem of imbalanced datasets. Using the standard KDD CUP 99 dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and analysing the contribution of features to model decision-making show that the model’s F1 score are better than traditional algorithms in the classes with few samples and the model improves the efficiency of network intrusion detection.
Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Rigid-flexible Coupling Dynamics of Ramming Mechanism Based on Reissner-Mindlin’s Medium-thick Plate Theory
Authors: Li Yong , Qian Linfang , Chen Guangsong
Published: March 2021

In order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of a ramming mechanism, the multi-rigid-body and rigid-flexible coupling dynamic models were established in Recurdyn. Considering the structural characteristics of the link, the deformation motion of the link is described by using the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory, and the dynamic model of a bomb feeder is established considering the influence of non-ideal factors such as transmission clearance, friction and so on, the dynamic characteristics of a bullet-feeding machine are simulated and analyzed. Compared with the multi Rigid body dynamics model, the simulation results of the rigid flexible coupling model are more consistent with the experimental results, in addition to the polygon effect, other factors such as transmission gap and so on are also the causes of the fluctuation of the chain head speed of the ammunition conveyer. In addition, with the periodical movement of the Ammunition Conveyer, the wear between the pin holes of the connecting links will become more and more serious, and the closer you get to the end of the chain, the greater the trend
A Hybrid Gray Wolf Weed Algorithm for Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Wang Yi , Song Yu-chuan , Zou Yu-ji , Lei Qi , Wang Xin-kun
Published: March 2021

For the flexible job shop scheduling problem with the goal of makespan, a mathematical model is established and a hybrid algorithm (GIWO) based on gray wolf and invasive weeds is proposed. In this paper, the intrusive weed optimization algorithm is embedded on the basis of the gray wolf algorithm to improve the algorithm’s global search and local search ability. And an effective initial population generation mechanism is added to improve the quality of the initial solution. A variable neighborhood search structure that adaptively changes according to the search is proposed. Finally, other improved gray wolf algorithms are compared with the algorithm in this paper through different benchmark instances. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the other algorithms in effectiveness and superiority. The algorithm can effectively solve the flexible job shop scheduling problem.