bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abrir la caja de Pandora Retos y Dilemas de la Criminología Colombiana
Authors: Pérez Bernardo , Silva García Germán , Gonzalez Mongui Pablo Elías , Vizcaíno Solano Angélica
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo revisa los principales desarrollos en el campo de la criminología en Colombia al inicio de la tercera década del siglo XXI. Plantea un conjunto de problemas organizacionales, epistemológicos, metodológicos y teóricos para discutir los desafíos más significativos en torno a la consolidación y continuidad de los avances actuales, e identifica nuevas complejidades que emergen en este campo al igual que posibles estrategias para lidiar con ellas. Para ello, esta revisión utiliza los métodos histórico, analítico y dialéctico. Los principales hallazgos indican avances concomitantes y sustanciales en el desarrollo de un corpus teórico, así como en la producción de nuevos conocimientos basados ​​en la investigación socio-jurídica e histórica, empírica y documental. Simultáneamente, también confirma la presencia de visibles vacíos, baches y áreas desatendidas en la órbita del pensamiento y la investigación criminológica en la Colombia del presente. Su principal contribución radica en la identificación de limitaciones y deficiencias claves y el esbozo de posibles caminos a seguir en relación con estos temas.
Radioactive waste treatment technology: a review
Authors: Tochaikul Gunjanaporn , Phattanasub Archara , Khemkham Piyatida , Saengthamthawee Kanjanaporn , Danthanavat Nuttapong , Moonkum Nutthapong
Published: February 2022

Radioactive waste is generated from activities that utilize nuclear materials such as nuclear medicine or power plants. Depending on their half-life, they emit radiation continuously, ranging from seconds to millions of years. Exposure to ionizing radiation can cause serious harm to humans and the environment. Therefore, special attention is paid to the management of radioactive waste in order to deal with its large quantity and dangerous levels. Current treatment technologies are still being developed to improve efficiency in reducing the hazard level and waste volume, to minimize the impact on living organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of the global radioactive waste treatment technologies that have been released in 2019–2021.
Birch pollen associated soy allergy – possibilities in diagnostic and clinical relevance1)
Authors: Beyer Susanne , Sack Ulrich , Treudler Regina
Published: February 2022

Background: Birch pollen allergic individuals frequently suffer from food allergies in the form of an oral allergy syndrome after eating pome and stone fruits. These complaints are based on an immunological cross-reaction between pollen and food allergens. In the past, it has been shown that many birch pollen allergic patients are additionally not able to tolerate high protein soy products. Some severe immediate type reactions to soy have been observed. The cause for these immediate type reactions to soy is a Bet v 1 cross-reactive soy allergen called Gly m 4.

Methods: Using a collective of 73 birch pollen allergic patients with associated food allergy in Leipzig as an example, the results of a standardized questioning, prick-to-prick test with a soy drink, determination of specific IgE against rGly m 4, and basophil activation test with Gly m 4 are presented.

Results and conclusions: We showed that commercially available prick test extracts and determination of specific IgE against soy bean mix/f14 are not appropriate to diagnose birch pollen associated soy allergy. Generally, soy sensitization could be proven when a prick-to-prick-test with a soy drink and determination of specific IgE against rGly m 4 were done. A positive prick-to-prick test with a soy drink was found in 79% (55/70) of the birch pollen allergic patients with 89% (65/73) showing specific IgE for rGly m 4 (CAP>1). Although not every sensitization was clinically relevant, every third patient with a proven soy sensitization was diagnosed with a clinically relevant allergy to soy.
Estimation of steady-state quantities of an HMM with some rarely generated emissions
Authors: Zakrad Az-eddine , Nasroallah Abdelaziz
Published: February 2022

We propose to apply the importance sampling and the antithetic variates statistical techniques to estimate steady-state quantities of an Hidden Markov chain (HMM) of which certain emissions are rarely generated. Compared to standard Monte Carlo simulation, the use of these techniques, allow a significant reduction in simulation time. Numerical Monte Carlo examples are studied to show the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Remote sensing and ground survey of archaeological damage and destruction at Nineveh during the ISIS occupation
Authors: Campana Stefano , Sordini Matteo , Berlioz Stefania , Vidale Massimo , Al-Lyla Rowaed , Abbo al-Araj Ammar , Bianchi Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Armed conflicts frequently result in the damage or destruction of archaeological heritage. The occupation by ISIS of parts of Iraq and Syria is no exception. Here, the authors present the results of work focused on Nineveh, as part of a wider research initiative to monitor damage inflicted by ISIS at archaeological sites in northern Iraq. Combining satellite imagery, low-level aerial photography and ground-based reconnaissance, the project presents a condition assessment of Nineveh, as well as a new topographic map of the city. The results demonstrate that a few high-profile acts of deliberate vandalism were accompanied by much more extensive damage caused by construction and rubbish dumping extending across substantial parts of the site.
A Review of Striking Force in Full-Contact Combat Sport Athletes: Effects of Different Types of Strength and Conditioning Training and Practical Recommendations
Authors: Uthoff Aaron , Lenetsky Seth , Reale Reid , Falkenberg Felix , Pratt Gavin , Amasinger Dean , Bourgeois Frank , Cahill Micheál , French Duncan , Cronin John
Published: February 2022

To succeed in full contact combat sports like mixed martial arts, tae kwon do, and boxing, athletes must deliver a greater number of damaging strikes than they receive. Producing knockdowns, rendering unconsciousness, and scoring points can be accomplished through the application of high magnitudes of striking forces. There is evidence that striking forces can be enhanced through either nonspecific or specific strength and conditioning methods or a combination thereof. To better assist practitioners working with combat sport athletes, this article reviews current empirical evidence on how combat sport athletes respond to different methods of resistance training and offers practical recommendations for implementing nonspecific and specific exercises.
Mission d’aider et pandémie : l’autoformation comme stratégie d’adaptation des délégués sociaux de la FTQ
Authors: Dufour-Poirier Mélanie , D’Ortun Francine
Published: February 2022

L’annonce du Grand confinement de mars 2020 est un mémento exceptionnel, un fait historique rare, une expérience vécue par tous les délégués sociaux et les déléguées sociales (DS) de la Fédération des travailleurs et des travailleuses du Québec (FTQ). Cet article dresse le portrait des défis posés par la pandémie de COVID-19 aux DS et fait état de leur remarquable capacité d’adaptation, par la voie de l’autoformation notamment. Sur le plan théorique, les fondements de nos analyses tirent leurs assises du mode d’apprentissage qu’est l’autoformation (d’Ortun, 2012), du modèle conceptuel de Karolewicz (2010) sur la transformation de la pratique professionnelle découlant de l’expérience et du processus et des phases de la transformation de Mezirow (2001). Côté méthodologie, les résultats de nos plus récentes analyses s’inscrivent dans un programme longitudinal de recherche se poursuivant depuis 2014. Les données empiriques soutenant cet article ont été recueillies à l’été 2020 dans la foulée du Grand confinement. Elles proviennent de 2 groupes de discussions ayant rassemblé plus de 25 DS chacun et de 13 entretiens semi-dirigés menés auprès de DS aux parcours et profils diversifiés. Ces entretiens (individuels et de groupe), d’une durée de 60 à 90 minutes, ont été menés par Zoom (en raison de l'injonction de distanciation physique), enregistrés et retranscrits dans leur intégralité. Dans le contexte de la mise sur pause de l’offre de formations syndicales, les résultats mettent en lumière les motifs, les objets et les stratégies d’autoformation des DS. La variété des autoformations recensées souligne la résilience, la débrouillardise, l’autonomie, ainsi que les capacités d’adaptation remarquables des DS pour rejoindre et aider les travailleurs, nonobstant les défis et les enjeux posés par la pandémie. Le document se conclut par les perspectives d’apprentissage entre pairs aidants, mais aussi, plus fondamentalement encore, par l’importance de collectiver les solutions en amont de la souffrance au travail en vue d’apaiser les milieux de travail.
Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Alpha- Linoleic Acid and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Pufas): A New Therapeutic Protocol Additional to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A 6 Months Follow Up
Authors: Salvatorina Murgia Martina , Domenico Aspriello Simone
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology. In the literature, numerous adjuvant treatments have been introduced for the treatment of this pathology. Recently, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory therapeutic properties in chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis.The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of 6 months dietary supplementation with Omega 3, α-linolenic acid (ALA) and PUFAs (Freia Alfalife Farmaceutici Srl)following Scaling and Root Planning (SRP) in patients affected by chronic periodontitis. Methods: Twenty-four participants with moderate chronic periodontitis were enrolled in our randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The control group (CG=12) was treated with SRP and given a placebo; the treatment group (TG=12) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of 3g daily of alphalife (Freia Farmaceutici Srl). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and modified sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were recorded at baseline and after 6 months. Results: CAL, PD, BOP and SBI were significantly improved in both groups after 6 months (p< 0.001). After 6 months CAL improved significantly better in the test than in the control group (p< 0.001), also PD in the tendency (p = 0.1). BOP improved better in the test group after 6 months (p = 0.065). Conclusion: Our results suggest PUFAs can significantly reduce periodontal parameters following SRP. Therefore, dietary supplementation may have potential benefits in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis. Keywords α-linolenic acid (ALA);Adjuvant treatment;Chronic periodontitis;Dietary Supplements;Omega-3;Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
Striatal Indirect Pathway Dysfunction Underlies Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia
Authors: Nelson Alexandra B. , Girasole Allison E. , Lee Hsien-Yang , Ptáček Louis J. , Kreitzer Anatol C.
Published: February 2022

Abnormal involuntary movements, or dyskinesias, are seen in many neurologic diseases, including disorders where the brain appears grossly normal. This observation suggests that alterations in neural activity or connectivity may underlie dyskinesias. One influential model proposes that involuntary movements are driven by an imbalance in the activity of striatal direct and indirect pathway neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs, respectively). Indeed, in some animal models, there is evidence that dMSN hyperactivity contributes to dyskinesia. Given the many diseases associated with dyskinesia, it is unclear whether these findings generalize to all forms. Here, we used male and female mice in a mouse model of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) to assess whether involuntary movements are related to aberrant activity in the striatal direct and indirect pathways. In this model, as in the human disorder PNKD, animals experience dyskinetic attacks in response to caffeine or alcohol. Using optically identified striatal single-unit recordings in freely moving PNKD mice, we found a loss of iMSN firing during dyskinesia bouts. Further, chemogenetic inhibition of iMSNs triggered dyskinetic episodes in PNKD mice. Finally, we found that these decreases in iMSN firing are likely because of aberrant endocannabinoid-mediated suppression of glutamatergic inputs. These data show that striatal iMSN dysfunction contributes to the etiology of dyskinesia in PNKD, and suggest that indirect pathway hypoactivity may be a key mechanism for the generation of involuntary movements in other disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInvoluntary movements, or dyskinesias, are part of many inherited and acquired neurologic syndromes. There are few effective treatments, most of which have significant side effects. Better understanding of which cells and patterns of activity cause dyskinetic movements might inform the development of new neuromodulatory treatments. In this study, we used a mouse model of an inherited human form of paroxysmal dyskinesia in combination with cell type-specific tools to monitor and manipulate striatal activity. We were able to narrow in on a specific group of neurons that causes dyskinesia in this model, and found alterations in a well-known form of plasticity in this cell type, endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic LTD. These findings point to new areas for therapeutic development.
Managerial Challenges of Algorithmic Journalism and Journalistic Functions: An Analytical Framework
Authors: Grimme Meike V.
Published: February 2022

The controversial application of algorithms in journalistic processes arises challenges on various levels, including the media management level. Since journalism also fulfils fundamental functions in politics and society, it is necessary to discuss critically the impact of automation on the functions of journalism. The purpose of this article is the identification of managerial challenges of algorithmic journalism and the discussion from a media management perspective, how they can affect journalistic functions. A theoretical analysis by Dörr & Hollnbuchner (2017) already provided an analytical framework to identify and discuss ethical challenges of algorithmic journalism. Building on this, the present article provides empirical qualitative support for the analytical framework and complements it with managerial challenges arising in the adoption of the technology in the newsroom. Conducting a systematic literature review with 39 journal articles, this work illustrates challenges on three functional spheres of journalism (organisational, professional and social) and discusses their possible impact on these spheres. The results show, on the one hand, that algorithms are not capable of performing essential functions of a human journalist due to severe challenges (e. g. output quality, data managing, bias detection). On the other hand, this article also indicates the great potential of the technology for gaining competitive advantage and provides ways how to overcome these challenges for a wider application in the media market.
The decent living standard for families with schoolage children
Authors: Mihăilescu Adina , Stanciu Mariana , Ştefănescu Livia , Humă Cristina
Published: February 2022

GAR-UM-2019-XI-5.5-8 Grant Interim Report: The decent living standard for families with school-age children aims to complete the first stage of the research project. Stage I includes activities for consulting the official publications of the National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Research Institute for Quality of Life (RIQL) and other sources (Eurostat, European Commission, UNICEF), in order to clarify the objectives, methodology and indicators provided in this research. All these activities allow the identification of indicators, which prepare the development of the next stage of the grant, namely: research methodology; elaboration of the questionnaire for families with school-age children; elaboration of the interview guide for the teacher and pediatrician. The methodology will consist of a questionnaire in which families with school-aged children aged 6-14 from Bucharest will be interviewed in order to establish the consumption basket for this family structure. The selection of the mentioned families will be made on the principle of the "snowball", step by step, until the saturation of the information sought. The methodology will also include an interview guide for teachers (teacher / teacher) that will complete the information regarding the school needs of the children, but also for medical staff (pediatrician / family doctor) that will update the medical needs related to health care and children's hygiene, especially in the new conditions of the pandemic with the Corona virus (Covid-19).
Non-Interest Income and Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Yunusa Lateef Adewale , Arikewuyo Kareem Abidemi , Olowofela Olusola Enitan , Sanyaolu Wasiu Abiodun
Published: February 2022

The review of the regulations guiding the activities of DepositMoney Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria affected the revenue generated byDMBs, forcing most banks to diversify their sources of revenue tonon-interest income. Panel data technique was employed to examinethe impact of non-interest income on DMBs performance in Nigeriafrom 2012 through 2019. The empirical finding revealed that noninterestincome, capital adequacy ratio, and bank loan positivelyand significantly impact DMBs’ performance in Nigeria. The studyrecommends that DMBs delve into non-interest income activities as itappeared to improve the performance of DMBs in Nigeria, and themonetary authority should review the policy guiding the non-interestincome activities of the DMBs at regular intervals.How to Cite:Yunusa, L. A., Arikewuyo, K. A., Olowofela, E. O. & Sanyaolu, W. A. (2022). Non-Interest Income and Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) Performance in Nigeria. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i1.15469.
Digital Finance For Improving Financial Inclusion Indonesians’ Banking
Authors: Widarwati Estu , Solihin Asep , Nurmalasari Nunik
Published: February 2022

A digital finance service breakthrough is essential to get better financialassistance to optimize financial inclusion, and the effectivenessrequires technological support in banking financial services. Thestudy investigates the effect of digital finance on financial inclusionin Indonesians’ banking industry. We develop the new measurement,namely average digital finance (ADF), and use loan transactionsto proxy financial inclusion. The samples are six banking during2013-2019, and we use panel data regression to test the hypothesisand do a robustness check. Our result confirms that ADF positivelyimpacts financial inclusion and finds evidence of bank size’s role indigital finance and financial inclusion. It implicates banks’ strategyfor optimizing financial inclusion based on its characteristics suchas age, profitability, and efficiency. It contributes to digital finance’sgovernment policy for using explored internet banking and mobilebanking stimulatingly.Widarwati, E., Solihin, A., & Nurmalasari, (2022). Digital Finance For Improving Financial Inclusion Indonesians’ Banking. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i1.17884.
Foreign Ownership Shares and Trade Propensity in Indonesian Edible Oil, Vegetable and Animal Fats Industry
Authors: Nauly Dahlia
Published: February 2022

Presidential Regulation (Perpres) No 44/2016 states that in thevegetable and animal crude oil industry, copra industry, coconutoil industry, palm oil industry, foreign ownership is limited at amaximum of 95 percent. These industries are included in the edibleoil, vegetable and animal fats industry (ISIC 104). This studyanalyzes the effect of foreign ownership share on the trade propensityin the edible oil, vegetable and animal fats industry in Indonesiausing the Tobit model. The data used are the cross-section data from2015 Annual Survey of the Manufacturing industry from StatisticsIndonesia. The results show that firms with foreign ownership shareof more than 95 percent have the same export propensity with foreignownership of between 50 and 95 percent. However, the importpropensity of firms with foreign ownership between 50 and 95 percentis the lowest compared to other ownership. The government shouldcontinue to restrict foreign ownerhip shares at the maximum of 95percent in this industry.How to Cite:Nauly, D. (2022). Foreign Ownership Shares and Trade Propensity in Indonesian Edible Oil, Vegetable and Animal Fats Industry. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(1), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i1.18408.
Reading Shylock’s Dream: A Pathological Miser or an Anxious Dream Interpreter?
Authors: Krajník Filip
Published: February 2022

This study addresses the presentation and interpretation of Shylock’s dream “of money‑bags” in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice (c. 1596–1598) and George Granville’s The Jew of Venice (1701). The text argues that, although verbally very similar, the two episodes should be considered within their respective dramaturgical traditions (the Elizabethan and the Restoration), as well as within the different genres into which each play falls. While Granville’s rendition of the dream episode seems merely to contribute to the stereotypical image of a greedy Jew, Shakespeare’s version draws on the conventional employment of dream prophecies in Renaissance tragedies and contributes not only to the unity of the play’s plot, but also adds to the complexity and the tragic overtones of his Shylock.
Introduction
Authors: Lewis James R. , Chao Huang
Published: February 2022

When it became evident that the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was on the verge of banning the Falun Gong movement, Li Hongzhi, the movement’s founder, and his family escaped China, relocating permanently in the United States. Subsequently, the dramatic crackdown on Falun Gong in 1999 made international headlines. From the safety of his new home, Master Li encouraged his followers left behind in the PRC to vigorously demonstrate against the Chinese government, even if it meant imprisonment or martyrdom. The present collection provides a comprehensive overview of Falun Gong: the movement’s background, history, beliefs and practices. But whereas prior treatments have generally tended to downplay Falun Gong’s ‘dark side,’ in the following pages we have made an effort to include treatments of the less palatable aspects of this movement. Enlightened Martyrdom will, in other words, provide a recap of what has been discussed in earlier scholarship, but will move forward to cover Falun Gong’s subsequent conflicts as well as the movement’s strident efforts to muzzle critical analyses of their ideas and their struggle.
From Spiritual Healing to Protest: Falun Gong's Emerging Culture of Martyrdom
Authors: Palmer Susan J.
Published: February 2022

Falun Gong’s ongoing resistance movement and the escalation of Master Li’s apocalyptic ideology in response to persecution is the focus of this study. On the basis of field research and interviews with practitioners, the author proposes a four-phase model of conversion, culminating in an activist commitment to the Master’s call to serve in the protest demonstrations against the People’s Republic of China’s persecution of Falun Gong. Since Falun Gong’s civil disobedience has resulted in the deaths of over 343 practitioners, it is important to analyze the process of conversion/commitment to the cause, and the practitioners’ own spiritual understanding of their activist efforts in a two-tiered resistance movement that is concerned with global human rights, but also with a cosmic battle between gods and demons, called fa-rectification.
Burning Faith: Interpreting the 1.23 Incident
Authors: Lewis James R.
Published: February 2022

On the 23rd of January 2001, a small group of Falun Gong practitioners set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square. One practitioner died in the square and four were seriously burnt (plus the youngest burn victim subsequently died in a hospital). The government quickly held up the incident as an act of “cult violence,” while the Falun Gong movement just as quickly accused PRC authorities as having staged the incident in order to discredit Falun Gong. In “Interpreting the 1.23 Incident," James R. Lewis sets out to assess the plausibility of these conflicting interpretations. Naturally, the two major parties to the controversy which form the background for this incident dismiss each other’s perspectives as self-evidently false. Specifically, PRC authorities consider that FLG’s defenders have been duped by Falun Gong propaganda, while FLG supporters summarily dismiss everyone who gives serious consideration to the Chinese position as either being on Beijing’s payroll or mindless zombies, and every single piece of accusation against them as Beijing-backed propaganda. Lewis restricts his analysis to discussing what the strong points made by each side of this controversy regarding the details of the 1.23 Incident, and then puts forward evidence to support an alternate interpretation of the event.
Falun Gong's Attack on Academic Freedom
Authors: Farley Helen
Published: February 2022

As an academic in a progressive Western democracy such as Australia, academic freedom is something usually taken for granted. With impunity, academics can critique government policy, make a stand with or against matters considered important to society, or bring to light those things that may be unknown to members of the general public. In this environment, as an academic in the discipline of studies in religion at a major Australian university, Helen Farley wrote a number of book chapters about the little-known Chinese movement of Falun Gong. As a result she attracted the attentions of a member of that movement who took exception to what she wrote. This chapter describes the systematic attempt that individual made to discredit her as an academic and to have her dismissed from her employment. It describes her employer’s responses to the event and the responses of those academics, societies and publications in the field. Upon further investigation, she wasn’t the first academic to have received this sort of treatment from aggrieved Falun Gong practitioners. This chapter looks at how Falun Gong practitioners justify their persecution of academics who are seen to have presented Falun Gong in an unfavourable light.
The Chen Jianmin (1906-1987) Legacy: An "Always on the Move" Buddhist Practice
Authors: Jagou Fabienne
Published: February 2022

According to his website, Chen Jianmin followed thirty-seven masters before establishing his own school, called “Adi Buddha Mandala”. Chen Jianmin’s Buddhist life impressed a large range of people, from his co-disciples in the 1930s and 1940s to his today’s Taiwanese and American disciples. He first lived among Tibetans in Khams province before spending 25 years in Darjeeling meditating and producing hundreds of Buddhist booklets. He created new Buddhist symbols mixing Tibetan and Chinese traditions, and finally died in the United States. His remains are kept in Taiwan. The aim of this paper is to follow the life of Chen Jianmin and to analyze the way his created Buddhist legacy is practiced and understood among his followers, Taiwanese people mainly, who founded yet another Buddhist identity revealing a mechanism of religion that is “always on the move”.
The Four Jhānas and their Qualities in the Pali Tradition
Authors: Harvey Peter
Published: February 2022

A strong strand of the scholarship of Lance Cousins focussed on the jhānas and related matters, and he was also a practitioner and teacher of samatha meditation, which aims at the jhānas. In this dual tradition, this paper explores subtle questions about the nature of each jhāna as dealt with in the Pali Nikāyas, Abhidhamma and commentaries. Its aim is to help illuminate what it is like to be in any of these jhānas: what is going on in them, and what has been transcended? What do the similes for each jhāna convey about the overall situation in them? What kind` of thought and feelings are understood to occur in them? To what extent does breathing stop in deep jhāna? To what extent is hearing transcended in them? What happens in moving between them? How are they related to developing insight?
'I'm Not Getting Anywhere with my Meditation...': Effort, Contentment and Goal-Directedness in the Process of Mind-Training
Authors: Bhikkhu Amaro
Published: February 2022

This article draws on the teachings of the Pali Canon and the contemporary lineages that are guided by its principles. In particular, reference is made to the author’s mentors in the Thai Forest Tradition. It explores the respective roles of goal-directed effort and contentment in the process of meditative training, and skilful and unskilful variations on these. Effort is needed, but can be excessive, unreflectively mindless, unaware of gradually developed results, or misdirected. Contentment can be misunderstood to imply that skilful desire has no role in practice, and lead to passivity; though it is needed to dampen down an over-energized mind, or motivation rooted in aversion or ambition, and comes from insight-based non-attachment. Right effort avoids the craving to become or to get rid of, but is associated with a skilful chanda/ desire that is an aspect of the iddhi-pādas, the Bases of Spiritual Power. Mindfulness aids the balance of energy and concentration in the Five Faculties, and the energizing and calming qualities in the Seven Factors of Enlightenment. In the end, from practising Dhamma in a way that is truly in accordance with Dhamma (dhammānudhamma-paṭipatti), progress naturally flows from seeing and becoming Dhamma.
Calligraphic Magic: Abhidhamma Inscriptions from Sukhodaya
Authors: Skilling Peter
Published: February 2022

The article presents five fifteenth- to sixteenth-century Pali inscriptions from Sukhodaya, Thailand. Three of them are engraved in the Khom alphabet on large square stone slabs, with considerable attention to format; they seem to be unique in Thai epigraphy. Two of these carry extracts from the Abhidhamma; the third gives a syllabary followed by the recollection formulas of the Three Gems. The other two epigraphs are written not on stone slabs but are inscribed on small gold leaves; they contain the heart formulas of the books of the Tipiṭaka and the qualities of the Buddha, Dhamma, and Saṃgha. The exact find-spots and functions of the slabs and gold leaves are not known. I suggest that they are the products of widespread and enduring Buddhist cultures of inscription, installation, and consecration, as well as of customs of condensation and abbreviation that have have been intrinsic to Thai liturgical and manuscript practices up to the present.
Jātaka Stories and Paccekabuddhas in Early Buddhism
Authors: Appleton Naomi
Published: February 2022

This article explores the role of paccekabuddhas in stories of the Buddha’s past lives (jātaka tales) in early Buddhist narrative collections in Pāli and Sanskrit. In early Buddhism paccekabuddhas are liminal figures in two senses: they appear between Buddhist dispensations, and they are included as a category of awakening between sammāsambuddha and arahat. Because of their appearance in times of no Buddhism, paccekabuddhas feature regularly in jātaka literature, as exemplary renouncers, teachers, or recipients of gifts. This article asks what the liminal status of paccekabuddhas means for their interactions with the Buddha and his past lives as Bodhisatta.
Preface
Authors: Appleton Naomi , Harvey Peter
Published: February 2022

This volume presents sixteen papers in tribute to the late L. S. Cousins (1942–2015). All the authors have been influenced by Lance’s teachings and publications in a variety of ways.
The effect of social media marketing on brand equity and consumer purchasing intention
Authors: Sağtaş Saadet
Published: February 2022

Social media is one of the internet-based innovations that reach millions of users around the world with its dynamic and mutually interactive structure. Social media is defined as the digitalization of traditional media channels, and has changed the way of interpersonal communication. Social media applications that provide communication and interaction between people have become an important competitive tool for businesses over time. Users of Social Media Applications are increasing day by day and this increase has caused businesses a rush to communicate with their consumers continuously and quickly through social media channels. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social media marketing on consumer purchase intention.
In this study, the affect of social media marketing activities on perceived brand equıty and purchasing intention has been examined through the developed model. Within the scope of the study, an online survey was conducted with 227 users who have a Facebook account and actively follow any brand profile on Facebook. The data obtained were analyzed through the SmartPLS program.
As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that there is social media marketing has positive influence on brand equıty and purchasing intention.
In the light of the findings obtained from the study, it could be said that businesses can increase their brand value perception with planned and well-defined social media marketing strategies. With social media marketing, businesses can gain significant advantages in many areas such as brand loyalty, reduced advertising expenses and increased profitability, access to a large consumer audience and altered brand attitudes into purchasing behavior.
Phenological development of fruits in cultivars of feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and its relationship with South American fruit fly infestation
Authors: Santos Hellen Aparecida Arantes dos , Faita Marcia Regina , Orth Afonso Inácio , Ribeiro Luís Gonzaga , Felippeto João , Nodari Rubens Onofre
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate the developmental phases of feijoa fruits associated with infestation by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the nonpreference of fruit flies for ripe fruits of feijoa. Two tests were carried out. In the first trial, we evaluated the association between the developmental stages of feijoa fruits and infestation by A. fraterculus. To accomplish this, fruits at five different stages of development, from green to ripe, were examined from the Alcântara cultivar. In the second trial, we evaluated the nonpreference of A. fraterculus for ripe fruits of Alcântara, Helena, Mattos and access 2316 cultivars. Physicochemical analyses were performed on the fruits of both trials. In the second test, analyses of polyphenol index and tannin concentration were also performed. Feijoa fruits in stage I are the likely targets of attack by A. fraterculus. The fruits of Alcântara cultivar from stage II, with 39 mm of transversal diameter and soluble solids, presented four puparium / fruit. The fruits of Alcântara and access 2316 cultivars showed greater and lesser infestation, respectively. The fruits of access 2316 also showed a higher concentration of tannins compared to the three commercial cultivars tested, which may have conferred the greatest protection against infestation by A. fraterculus. Feijoa fruits from Alcântara and Mattos cultivars showed high susceptibility to infestation by A. fraterculus, requiring management practices to guarantee commercial production.
Allometrically adjusted handgrip strength and chair stand test cut points to identify sarcopenia in older Portuguese adults
Authors: Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Bohn Lucimere , Mota Jorge , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Absolute muscle strength or adjusted by body mass index (BMI) are useful to identify sarcopenia. However, these values are not accurate for older adults with extreme body sizes because the nonlinear relationship between strength and body size. The purpose was to determine cut-off points for identify sarcopenia in older adults using allometric coefficients to normalise handgrip strength (HGS) and 30-sec chair stand test (30-s CST) by body size. Allometric exponents were proposed with log-linear models for body-size variables (body mass, height and BMI). The remotion of body-size effect on muscle strength with allometric normalisation was tested by partial correlation. Cut-off points for low muscle strength were established by ROC curve and Youden index considering functional limitation (six-minute walk test<400m). Allometric exponents provided for body-size variables range from -0.01 to 2.28 (HGS) and -0.27 to 0.21 (30-s CST). The effect of body size on muscle strength was removed with allometric normalisation (r<0.30). Cut-off points accuracy was always adequate (AUC≥0.78; p<0.001). In conclusion, cut-off points of HGS and 30-s CST allometrically normalised were proposed to identify sarcopenia in Portuguese older adults and allometry maintained adequate the accuracy (AUC>70%). Allometry removed influence of body size on the expression of HGS and 30-s CST and permits evaluate muscle strength regardless of body-size.
Evaluation of two analytical methods of detection for intestinal parasites in curly lettuce sold in food stalls
Authors: Oliveira Joazir Rodrigues , Pedroso Rafaela Cássia da Cunha , Cunha Sirbene Nunes da , Castro Vinicius Silva , Cunha Neto Adelino da
Published: February 2022

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of parasitic structures in curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) sold in food stalls open markets in Cuiabá city, in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso (MT). For this purpose, 50 samples were evaluated using spontaneous sedimentation and centrifugal flotation methods. These techniques showed positivity in 96% (48/50) and 78% (39/50) of the samples, respectively. The sedimentation method was statistically (p ≤ 0.05) more effective in detecting parasitic structures of the pathogens as Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris spp., Strongyloides spp., Larvae and Hookworm eggs, when comparing both methods. However, these methods did not differ significantly for the detection of Giardia lamblia. Ascaris spp and Entamoeba coli occurred in 64% (32/50) and 46% (23/50) of the positive samples, respectively, with the highest percentages observed. The occurrence of Blastocystis spp., Fasciola spp., Dipylidium caninum and Ascaris lumbricoides revealed detection exclusively by the spontaneous sedimentation method, while Iodamoeba butschlii and Enterobius vermicularis were detected by centrifugal– flotation procedure. These results could reinforce the need to use methods based on sedimentation and the fluctuation of parasite structures in the analysis of lettuce. The presence of parasites in lettuce by fecal origin, with recognized pathogenicity, represents a risk to consumer health and demonstrates a deficit in good agricultural practices in the production, distribution and commercialization of lettuce.
CHARACTERIZATION OF Exserohilum turcicum INFECTION SITES IN MAIZE GENOTYPES
Authors: STANGARLIN JOSÉ RENATO , TARTARO ELOISA LORENZETTI , PASCHOLATI SÉRGIO FLORENTINO
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Northern leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum is an important disease of maize (Zea mays L.), and its severity depends more closely on growth lesions than on spot number. Here, we characterized the infection sites of E. turcicum on resistant and susceptible maize genotypes by analyzing the histology of lesions as well as the structural and biochemical mechanisms of infection. Maize leaves were inoculated with the pathogen at specific points and incubated in a microhumidity chamber. Samples were obtained to follow fungal development and host tissue lignification using light and electron microscopy, and the activity and electrophoretic patterns of peroxidases were determined. The time course of spore germination and appressorium formation was essentially the same for both genotypes; however, a delay of 12 h in fungal penetration, accompanied by host tissue lignification, was noted in the resistant genotype, as opposed to that in the susceptible one. Scanning electron microscopy revealed fungal mycelium in the xylem vessels of both genotypes; however, in the resistant genotype, pathogen colonization was restricted to mesophyll cells around the penetration point, where chlorotic flecks were produced. Meanwhile, in the susceptible genotype, following penetration and chlorotic fleck formation, the pathogen continued to grow inside the xylem vessels and profusely colonized mesophyll tissue distant from the penetration point, resulting necrotic lesion development. Electrophoretic patterns of peroxidases were similar between the two genotypes, with three isoenzymes present in all tissues. In addition, two novel isoenzymes were detected in chlorotic flecks, necrotic lesions, and green tissue around the lesions.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GREEN MANURE AND ROCK PHOSPHATE ON SOIL NUTRIENT CYCLING ON FAMILY FARMS
Authors: LEITE MARCELO HENRIQUE SIQUEIRA , COUTO EDUARDO GUIMARÃES , BLESH JENNIFER MARIE
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Family farming is important for the production of food for human consumption, but it lacks resources to invest in the soil fertility of its crops. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the use of green manures increases soil fertility in terms of the nutrients N, P and K with low environmental risk for family agricultural production. An experiment was set up in the State of Mato Grosso (Brazil), in randomized complete block design, with a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, four replications, corresponding to 6 types of plants and 3 doses of phosphorus. Leguminous green manure plants were: velvet bean, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca and dwarf pigeon pea, in addition to plots with pearl millet and weedy fallow control. Rock phosphate (i.e., reactive natural phosphate) was applied as a source of phosphorus at 0, 50 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1. The species used as green manure were cut in full bloom and the levels of N, P, K and C in plants and soil were determined. Leguminous green manure plants, after mineralization, increased the stocks of N, P and K in the soil. Crotalaria juncea was the one that reached the highest N accumulation in its constitution, being recommended in the intercropping with species with C/N ratio > 30 to minimize risks of contamination with nitrate in the soil. This work concluded that the managements with green manure plants, especially Crotalaria ochroleuca, are recommended and environmentally safe technical alternatives for family farming.
NATURAL COVER SURROUNDING THE FARM FIELD REDUCES CROP DAMAGE AND PEST ABUNDANCE IN BRAZILIAN DRYLAND
Authors: ARAUJO HELDER FARIAS PEREIRA DE , NASCIMENTO NAYSA FLÁVIA FERREIRA DO , BRITO CARLOS HENRIQUE DE
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT One of the major ecosystem services delivered to agriculture worldwide is the reduction of pests by natural enemies. However, the landscape composition affects multiple dimensions of pest control, and non-crop habitat surrounding farm fields shows variable responses across geographies. Here, crop damage and pest abundance were compared between local farms with two antagonistic land cover and land use aspects (1- High conservation, landscape with high structural complexity; 2- High degradation, landscapes with low complexity). The field data were collected at experimental guava orchards in the Cariri Paraibano, one of the driest regions in the Brazilian Caatinga. The results show that damage caused by orthopterans and their abundance was significantly smaller in the landscape with high structural complexity. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that crop damage and pest abundance are smaller in landscapes with high structural complexity. Additionally, the results are very important for the dryland regions as they provide information about the relationship between landscape structure and crop damage plus pest abundance in a regional gap. As drylands are critically endangered in all American continents, sustainable agricultural landscapes with the application of natural cover restoration can help drylands to achieve sustainable development.
SELECTION OF SUPERIOR GENOTYPES OF LIMA BEAN LANDRACES BY MULTIVARIATE APPROACH
Authors: ASSUNÇÃO FILHO JOSÉ RIBAMAR DE , COSTA MARCONES FERREIRA , PINHEIRO JOSÉ BALDIN , CARVALHO LEONARDO CASTELO BRANCO , FERREIRA-GOMES REGINA LUCIA , LOPES ÂNGELA CELIS DE ALMEIDA
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT The knowledge of genetic diversity in plant population is essential to the success of plant breeding programs. Thus, previous characterization of landraces is one of the first steps before the indication of genotypes to these plant breeding programs. This study aimed to characterize, through morphological traits, and estimate the genetic diversity in landraces of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). Genetic diversity was estimated by using multivariate methods that selected individual landraces to be indicated for farmers and consumers. According to morphological traits proposed by Biodiversity International, the genotypes UFPI-667 and UFPI- 682 showed higher dissimilarity and high potential to be used in crosses since they are genetically distant and complementary. The principal component analysis identified positive and significant phenotypic associations between variables: pod length, pod width, and grain production. According to the multivariate methods used, the landraces UFPI-666, UFPI-650, UFPI-651, UFPI-687, UFPI-658, UFPI-673, UFPI-667, and UFPI-674 are potential candidates for selection since they have relevant features for lima bean breeding, such as shorter cycles and higher grain production. This study showed that multivariate analysis can be used as an effective tool to find potential traits in lima bean and can assist the lima bean breeders in the selection of potential landraces. Accessions UFPI-667 and UFPI-682 can be indicated as genitors for breeding programs, as they are genetically distant and complementary in their characteristics.
SOYBEAN YIELD PREDICTION USING REMOTE SENSING IN SOUTHWESTERN PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: ANDRADE THATIANE GOMES , ANDRADE JUNIOR ADERSON SOARES DE , SOUZA MELISSA ODA , LOPES JOSE WELLINGTON BATISTA , VIEIRA PAULO FERNANDO DE MELO JORGE
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Recent researches have shown promising results for the use of orbital data using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to monitor and predict soybean grain yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate propositions of multiple linear regression models to predict soybean grain yield using NDVI. The research was carried out at the Celeiro Farm, in Monte Alegre do Piauí, PI, Brazil, in an area of 200 ha. Five images were collected during the soybean crop cycle: one from the Landsat 8 and four from the Sentinel 2. Regression analyses were carried out between grain yield data (predicted variable) extracted from harvest maps and spectral data (predictor variables) from NDVI of soybean crops at different developmental stages. The promising models were selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The models were validated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE), considering the mean of soybean yield of the plot. The linear regression models developed with NDVI for the V5-V6 and R2 developmental stages showed promising results for the prediction of soybean grain yield, with mean error of predictions of 153.9 kg ha-1, representing 4.2% when compared to the data from field measures.