bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the quinones in purple sulfur bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum
Authors: Kimura Yuuka , Kawakami Tomoaki , Yu Long-Jiang , Yoshimura Miku , Kobayashi Masayuki , Wang-Otomo Zheng-Yu
Published: June 2015

Quinone distributions in the thermophilic purple sulfur bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum have been investigated at different levels of the photosynthetic apparatus. Here we show that, on average, the intracytoplasmic membrane contains 18 ubiquinones (UQ) and 4 menaquinones (MQ) per reaction center (RC). About one‐third of the quinones are retained in the light‐harvesting–reaction center core complex (LH1–RC) with a similar ratio of UQ to MQ. The numbers of quinones essentially remains unchanged during crystallization of the LH1–RC. There are 1–2 UQ and 1 MQ associated with the RC‐only complex in the purified solution sample. Our results suggest that a large proportion of the quinones are confined to the core complex and at least five UQs remain invisible in the current LH1–RC crystal structure.
TSPAN1 functions as an oncogene in gastric cancer and is downregulated by miR‐573
Authors: Lu Zhengmao , Luo Tianhang , Nie Mingming , Pang Tao , Zhang Xin , Shen Xiaojun , Ma Liye , Bi Jianwei , Wei Guo , Fang Guoen , Xue Xuchao
Published: June 2015

Tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) has been reported to be upregulated in gastric cancer (GC). However, whilst TSPAN1 is positively correlated with clinical stage and negatively correlated with survival rates, its function in GC remains elusive. Here we show that expression of TSPAN1 is significantly higher in GC tissues compared to non‐cancerous tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RNAi‐mediated down‐regulation of TSPAN1 expression markedly blocks GC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and invasive activity. We identified TSPAN1 as a novel target gene of miR‐573. Overexpression of miR‐573 suppressed proliferation and invasion of GC cells by down‐regulation of TSPAN1 expression. Restoration of TSPAN1 rescued the effects of miR‐573 overexpression. Therefore, our findings suggest that the miR‐573/TSPAN1 axis is important in the control of gastric carcinogenesis.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study of hysteroscopic‐guided pertubal diluted bupivacaine infusion for endometriosis‐associated chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Shokeir Tarek , Mousa Sherif
Published: June 2015

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of hysteroscopic‐guided pertubal diluted bupivacaine infusion for endometriosis‐associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP).

Methods

Between June 2010 and July 2013, a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study was undertaken at Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt. Patients meeting inclusion criteria (laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis, patent fallopian tubes, ≥ 6 months CPP, pain score on visual analogue scale [VAS] > 5) were randomly assigned using a computer‐generated randomization sequence to receive either office hysteroscopic‐guided pertubal diluted bupivacaine infusion (0.25%) or placebo. Response to treatment was assessed using subjective data for scores on VAS and a monthly verbal rating scale (VRSmonthly) at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months of follow‐up. Additionally, women completed a questionnaire to evaluate the overall satisfaction at 3 months.

Results

Thirty patients were assigned to each group. In the bupivacaine group, VAS and VRSmonthly scores were significantly lower at 1, 2, and 3 months than at baseline (P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, scores were significantly lower in the bupivacaine group than in the placebo group at 1, 2, and 3 months (P < 0.05 for all). At 3 months, 22 (73%) women in the bupivacaine group expressed satisfaction, compared with 2 (7%) in the placebo group (P = 0.18).

Conclusion

Office pertubal hysteroscopic‐guided diluted bupivacaine infusion could be used to manage endometriosis‐associated CPP for at least 3 months.

AEARCTR‐0000573
Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among women in Ningbo, China
Authors: Hong Hang , He Tian‐feng , Ni Hong‐xia , Zhang Shu , Xu Guo‐zhang
Published: June 2015

Objective

To evaluate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women in Ningbo, China.

Methods

A cluster‐sampling study of women from four randomly selected villages was undertaken between April 1 and June 30, 2012. Married women who were not menstruating and had not had sexual intercourse, used vaginal medications, or performed vaginal douching within the previous 48 hours were enrolled when attending community health centers for family planning appointments. Exfoliated cell specimens were collected for HPV DNA genotyping and cytologic diagnostic tests.

Results

Among 1373 included women, 185 (13.5%) were found to be HPV positive and 178 (13.0%) had a high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) genotype. Among 56 women with cervical cytologic abnormalities, 35 (62.5%) had an HPV infection. The frequency of HPV or HR‐HPV infections rose with increasing severity of cytological abnormalities (P < 0.001 for both). HPV52 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV58, HPV16, HPV33, and HPV68. An HPV prevalence peak was observed in women aged 40–49 years (101/564 [17.9%]).

Conclusion

In Ningbo, many women with cervical cytologic abnormalities have HPV infection. Vaccines targeting HPV52 and HPV58 in conjunction with HPV16 and HPV18 are required for the prevention and treatment of cervical lesions in Chinese women.
The impact of yoga on atrial fibrillation: A review of The Yoga My Heart Study
Authors: Deutsch Steven Brent , Krivitsky Eric Lawrence
Published: June 2015

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia affecting thousands of individuals worldwide. It is a conduction disorder that causes the heart to beat irregularly and rapidly. There are a few medical approaches to manage this costly health care burden: antiarrhythmics to maintain normal sinus rhythm, beta blockers to achieve rate control while allowing atrial fibrillation to persist, and electro‐physiologic intervention for rate and rhythm control. These treatments can be costly and are not without side effects. Yoga, an intervention that is available to people worldwide, has shown some promise in combating this widespread heart disorder.
Intraspinal Leakage of Cement during Vertebroplasty for an Elderly Woman with Osteoporotic Burst Fracture: A Case Report and Short Review of Prevention and Management
Authors: Yuk-Chuen Siu , Man-Hong Cheung , Chun-Man Ma
Published: June 2015

Osteoporotic spine fracture is very common nowadays due to the aging population. It may result in prolonged immobilization due to significant back pain. Cement vertebroplasty helps to relieve pain, provides immediate stability and allows early mobilization. Intraspinal leakage of cement is a rare complication but it may lead to catastrophic neurological injuries. Evidence-based management guidelines for this complication are lacking. This is a case report about intraspinal leakage of cement during vertebroplasty for an 85-year-old woman with osteoporotic burst fractures over the lumbar spine. Urgent exploration and decompression was performed. No neurological injury was found after the operation and the patient recovered from osteoporotic back pain uneventfully.
Tamoxifen induces a pluripotency signature in breast cancer cells and human tumors
Authors: Notas George , Pelekanou Vassiliki , Kampa Marilena , Alexakis Konstantinos , Sfakianakis Stelios , Laliotis Aggelos , Askoxilakis John , Tsentelierou Eleftheria , Tzardi Maria , Tsapis Andreas , Castanas Elias
Published: June 2015

Tamoxifen is the treatment of choice in estrogen receptor alpha breast cancer patients that are eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapy. However, ∼50% of ERα‐positive tumors exhibit intrinsic or rapidly acquire resistance to endocrine treatment. Unfortunately, prediction of de novo resistance to endocrine therapy and/or assessment of relapse likelihood remain difficult. While several mechanisms regulating the acquisition and the maintenance of endocrine resistance have been reported, there are several aspects of this phenomenon that need to be further elucidated. Altered metabolic fate of tamoxifen within patients and emergence of tamoxifen‐resistant clones, driven by evolution of the disease phenotype during treatment, appear as the most compelling hypotheses so far. In addition, tamoxifen was reported to induce pluripotency in breast cancer cell lines, in vitro. In this context, we have performed a whole transcriptome analysis of an ERα‐positive (T47D) and a triple‐negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231), exposed to tamoxifen for a short time frame (hours), in order to identify how early pluripotency‐related effects of tamoxifen may occur. Our ultimate goal was to identify whether the transcriptional actions of tamoxifen related to induction of pluripotency are mediated through specific ER‐dependent or independent mechanisms. We report that even as early as 3 hours after the exposure of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen, a subset of ERα‐dependent genes associated with developmental processes and pluripotency are induced and this is accompanied by specific phenotypic changes (expression of pluripotency‐related proteins). Furthermore we report an association between the increased expression of pluripotency‐related genes in ERα‐positive breast cancer tissues samples and disease relapse after tamoxifen therapy. Finally we describe that in a small group of ERα‐positive breast cancer patients, with disease relapse after surgery and tamoxifen treatment, ALDH1A1 (a marker of pluripotency in epithelial cancers which is absent in normal breast tissue) is increased in relapsing tumors, with a concurrent modification of its intra‐cellular localization. Our data could be of value in the discrimination of patients susceptible to develop tamoxifen resistance and in the selection of optimized patient‐tailored therapies.
Misconceptions and Misattributions About Traumatic Brain Injury: An Integrated Conceptual Framework
Authors: Block Cady K. , West Sarah E. , Goldin Yelena
Published: June 2015

The objective of the present narrative review was to provide a conceptual framework to address common misconceptions in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and enhance clinical and research practices. This framework is based on review of the literature on TBI knowledge and beliefs. The comprehensive search of the literature included seminal and current texts as well as relevant articles on TBI knowledge and education, misconceptions, and misattributions. Reviewed materials ranged from 1970 to 2013 and were obtained from PubMed and PubMed Central online research databases. Research findings from the reviewed literature were integrated with existing social and cognitive psychological concepts to develop a framework that includes: (1) the identification antecedents of TBI‐related misconceptions and misattribution; (2) understanding of how inaccurate beliefs form and persist as the result of pre‐ and postinjury cognitive operations such as informational cascades and attribution biases; and (3) a discussion of ways in which these beliefs can result in consequences in all domains of a survivor's life, including physical and mental health, stigma, and discrimination. This framework is intended to serve as a first stage of development of a model that will improve treatment endeavors and service delivery to individuals with TBI and their families.
P-T-t reconstructions of South Yenisei Ridge metamorphic history (Siberian craton): petrological consequences and application to the supercontinental cycles
Authors: Likhanov I.I. , Reverdatto V.V. , Kozlov P.S. , Zinoviev S.V. , Khiller V.V.
Published: June 2015

Studies of gneisses from the Yenisei regional shear zone (YRSZ) provide the first evidence for Mesoproterozoic tectonic events in the geologic history of the South Yenisei Ridge and allowed the recognition of several stages of deformation and metamorphism spanning from Late Paleoproterozoic to Vendian. The first stage (~1.73 Ga), corresponding to the period of granulite–amphibolite metamorphism at P = 5.9 kbar and T = 635 °C, marks the final amalgamation of the Siberian craton to the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Nuna supercontinent. During the second stage, corresponding to a hypothesized breakup of Nuna as a result of crustal extension, these rocks underwent Mesoproterozoic dynamic metamorphism (P = 7.4 kbar and T = 660 °C) with three peaks at 1.54, 1.38, and 1.25 Ga and the formation of high-pressure blastomylonite rocks in shear zones. Late-stage deformations during the Mesoproterozoic tectonic activity in the region, related to the Grenville-age collision processes and assembly of Rodinia, took place at 1.17–1.03 Ga. The latest pulse of dynamic metamorphism (615–600 Ma) marks the final stage of the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Yenisei Ridge, which is associated with the accretion of island-arc terranes to the western margin of the Siberian craton. The overall duration of identified tectonothermal processes within the South Yenisei Ridge during the Riphean (~650 Ma) is correlated with the duration of geodynamic cycles in the supercontinent evolution. A similar succession and style of tectonothermal events in the history of both the southern and the northern parts of the Yenisei Ridge suggest that they evolved synchronously within a single structure over a prolonged time span (1385–600 Ma). New data on coeavl events identified on the western margin of the Siberian craton contradict the hypothesis of a mantle activity lull (from 1.75 to 0.7 Ga) on the southwestern margins of the Siberian craton during the Precambrian. The synchronous sequence and similar style of tectonic events on the periphery of the large Precambrian Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia cratons suggest their spatial proximity over a prolonged time span (1550–600 Ma). The above conclusion is consistent with the results of modern paleomagnetic reconstructions suggesting that these cratons represented the cores of Nuna and Rodinia within the above time interval.
Early Precambrian high-grade metamorphosed terrigenous rocks of granulite–gneiss terranes of the Sharyzhalgai uplift (southwestern Siberian craton)
Authors: Turkina O.M. , Sukhorukov V.P.
Published: June 2015

We present results of geochemical and Sm–Nd isotope studies of high-grade metaterrigenous rocks of the Kitoi and northwestern Irkut terranes of the Sharyzhalgai uplift on the Siberian Platform in comparison with paragneisses of the southeastern Irkut terrane. The metasedimentary rocks of the first region are high-alumina garnet–sillimanite–cordierite-bearing paragneisses; their protoliths were mostly mudstones and pelitic mudstones by major-element composition. The low-alumina biotite gneisses of the Kitoi terrane formed, most likely, from magmatic protoliths similar in petrochemical features to intraplate volcanics. The major factor controlling the composition of the studied high-alumina paragneisses is precipitation of most of incompatible trace elements in the clay fraction of sediments, as evidenced from the positive correlation between trace-element and Al2O3 contents. The Cr and Ni contents, showing a positive correlation with MgO and no correlation with Al2O3, are an indicator of the contribution of the mafic-source material to the formation of high-alumina rocks. The contribution of a mafic source-derived material to the formation of terrigenous rocks increases in passing from Kitoi to northwestern Irkut terrane. The high-alumina and garnet–biotite paragneisses of the southeastern Irkut terrane are similar in trace-element patterns to the analogous rocks of the Kitoi terrane and northwestern part of the Irkut terrane but show higher Th contents and a distinct negative Eu anomaly related to the change in the composition of the felsic source. The participation of felsic potassic igneous rocks in the formation of the southeastern terrigenous sediments is consistent with their deposition after the Neoarchean collision processes (metamorphism and granite magmatism), whereas sedimentation in the Kitoi and northwestern Irkut terranes preceded them. The Sm–Nd isotope characteristics indicate that the latter sediments formed mostly as a result of the erosion of the Paleo-Mesoarchean crust, whereas the metasediments of the southeastern Irkut terrane formed with the participation of Paleoproterozoic juvenile rocks. Thus, the variations in the trace-element and isotope compositions of the high-grade metamorphosed terrigenous rocks reflect recycling and growth of the continental crust of the Sharyzhalgai uplift during the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic transition.
P–T–X parameters of metamorphogene and hydrothermal fluids, isotopy and age of the Bogunai gold deposit, southern Yenisei Ridge (Russia)
Authors: Ryabukha M.A. , Gibsher N.A. , Tomilenko A.A. , Bul’bak T.A. , Khomenko M.O. , Sazonov A.M.
Published: June 2015

Fluid inclusions in quartz, sulfides from quartz veins, and quartz, garnet, plagioclase, and orthoclase from granulites of the Bogunai gold deposit located in the granulites of the Angara–Kan block of the Yenisei Ridge were studied by thermobarometry, gas chromatography, chromato-mass-spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The formation temperatures (850–950 °C) and pressures (8.5–9.0 kbar) of minerals of the granulite metamorphic facies are much higher than the crystallization temperatures (220–420 °C) and pressures (0.1–1.6 kbar) of gold–quartz veins of the Bogunai deposit. These veins formed with the participation of H2O–CO2–hydrocarbon fluids with a salt (predominantly MgCl2) concentration of 2–19 wt.% NaCl equiv. The gas phase of fluid inclusions from quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite contains not only H2O, CO2, CH4, and N2 but also the first found compounds of sulfur (CS2, O2S, COS, C2H6S2) and nitrogen (C3H7N, C3H7NO, C4H8N2O) and numerous hydrocarbons of different classes (paraffins, arenes, naphthenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carbonic acids, and furans). The age of the Krasnoyarsk mineralized zone, one of the sites of the Bogunai deposit, is 466 ± 3.2–461.6 ± 3.1 Ma, which is almost 1400 Ma younger than the age of granulite metamorphism and 255 Ma younger than the age of diaphthoresis but is close to the age of the Lower Kan granitoid pluton (455.7 ± 3.4 Ma). The sulfur isotope ratios (δ34S) of sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena) are close to the mantle values, 0.8 to 3.5%c, and are in the range of the granitoid values, which indicates the crustal source of the fluid sulfur. Gold of the Bogunai deposit accumulated with the participation of H2O–CO2–hydrocarbon fluids generated both in deep-fault zones and in granitoid intrusions.
Callovian and Upper Jurassic foraminiferal and ammonite biostratigraphy of the Shaim petroleum region (West Siberia)
Authors: Levchuk L.K. , Nikitenko B.L. , Meledina S.V.
Published: June 2015

The results of biostratigraphic analysis of foraminiferal assemblages were used to identify a nearly complete succesion of biostratigraphic units in the Callovian–Upper Jurassic section of the Shaim region. The finds of the ammonites from different parts of the Callovian–Volgian sections helped to correlate the identified foraminiferal biostratigraphic units to the General Stratigraphic Scale. Analysis of variations in the taxonomic composition and structure of foraminiferal assemblages allowed refinement of paleontological characteristics of the foraminiferal biostratigraphic units for different facies conditions in the southwest of the West Siberian Basin.
Diatom characteristics of the Far East siliceous organogenic deposits
Authors: Avramenko A.S. , Cherepanova M.V. , Pushkar’ V.S. , Yarusova S.B.
Published: June 2015

Three Far East diatomites, Puzanov (Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands), Sergeevskii, and Terekhovka (Southern Primorye) are characterized in detail. Rock-forming taxa are identified (Puzanov—Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Müll.) Hawort and Stephanodiscus niagarae var. pusanovae Genkal et Cherepanova; Sergeevskii—Staurosira construens var. venter (Ehr.) Grun., Aulacoseira italica (Ehr.) Sim., and representatives of the genus Cymbella with large valves (up to 175 µm in length); Terekhovka—Aulacoseira praegranulata var. praeislandica f. praeislandica (Sim.) Moiss.). Morphometric analysis of valves of the dominant taxa showed a low variability of valve parameters for the Puzanov diatomite and a high one for the Sergeevskii and Terekhovka diatomites. The lake environments of the diatoms forming the diatomites were reconstructed based on the elemental composition of diatom valves and the ecological structure of diatom paleocommunities. The high oxygen and low silicon concentrations in valves of the Puzanov diatomite, most likely, indicate that the diatoms were part of plankton communities formed in a large deep freshwater lake. Significant concentrations of silicon in valves of the Terekhovka diatomite, in contrast, suggest that the diatoms occurred in benthic ecotopes in a shallow lake. The age of the deposits was refined by detailed studies of Aulacoseira valves, using light and scanning electron microscopes. For example, the presence of Aulacoseira taxa of the “prae” group in the Terekhovka diatomite confirms its Pliocene age, and the presence of valves of the present species A. italica in the Sergeevskii diatomite points to its Late Pliocene age. The identified features of the diatomites permit their use in practice.
Action identification and meaning in life in chronic pain
Authors: Richardson Helen , Morley Stephen
Published: June 2015

Background and aims

We explore the relationship between behaviour and cognition in chronic pain by applying Action Identification Theory (AIT). AIT holds that every action may be construed in several ways. High level construals confer greater meaning than lower level construals. When an action is interrupted a lower level, more concrete identity with reduced meaning is elicited. We hypothesized that interference of activity by chronic pain affects the meaning ascribed to activity and thus a person’s overall sense of meaning in life.

Methods

In Study 1, a measure of Action Identification in Pain (AIP) is developed. In Study 2, the AIP was administered to 47 chronic pain patients who also completed the Meaningful Life Measure and measures of pain interference, depression, acceptance and optimism.

Results

High levels of action identification were positively correlated with meaning in life and high levels of interference were negatively correlated with meaning in life. Contrary to expectation interference and action identification were not associated. Further analyses showed that inclusion of depression, acceptance and optimism eliminated the effect of pain interference but only optimism abolished the effect of action identification.

Conclusion

Chronic pain patients holding higher levels of action identification report a greater sense of meaning in life. Meaning in life is also associated with the amount of interference of behavioural activity. The anticipated relationship between action identification and interference was not observed. The present evidence suggests that interference and action identification contribute independently to a person’s sense of meaning in life.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: June 2015

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This eighteenth volume contains Ruskin's writings on the nature of society, including Sesame and Lilies.
Oeuvres complètes
Authors: Cauchy Augustin-Louis
Published: June 2015

Augustin-Louis, Baron Cauchy (1789–1857) was the pre-eminent French mathematician of the nineteenth century. He began his career as a military engineer during the Napoleonic Wars, but even then was publishing significant mathematical papers, and was persuaded by Lagrange and Laplace to devote himself entirely to mathematics. His greatest contributions are considered to be the Cours d'analyse de l'École Royale Polytechnique (1821), Résumé des leçons sur le calcul infinitésimal (1823) and Leçons sur les applications du calcul infinitésimal à la géométrie (1826–8), and his pioneering work encompassed a huge range of topics, most significantly real analysis, the theory of functions of a complex variable, and theoretical mechanics. Twenty-six volumes of his collected papers were published between 1882 and 1958. The first series (volumes 1-12) consists of papers published by the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France; the second series (volumes 13-26) of papers published elsewhere.
The Women's Victory - and After
Authors: Fawcett Millicent Garrett
Published: June 2015

Millicent Garrett Fawcett (1847–1929) was an influential writer on political and social matters, especially on topics such as female suffrage and women's education. She was one of the supporters of Newnham College, Cambridge, and was later offered the post of Mistress of Girton, but refused because of her commitment to women's suffrage. She was active as a Suffragist, and opposed the violence of the Suffragette movement. In 1918, women over thirty were given the vote, but this did not end Fawcett's struggle for equal rights, and full suffrage was not achieved until 1928. This work, published in 1920, looks back at the long campaign for women's suffrage, and concludes with an examination of what had actually been achieved in 1918. It supplements her 1911 work Women's Suffrage, a Short History of the Great MovementFor more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=fawcmi
Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain
Authors: Priestley Joseph
Published: June 2015

This account of the waterways and railways of Great Britain covers those transport routes and systems of inland navigation that had been completed or were in construction at the time of publication in 1831. Not to be confused with his polymath namesake, Joseph Priestley (1766–1852) entrenched his expertise as manager of the Aire and Calder Navigation. Here he provides alphabetical entries ranging from the Aberdare Canal in Glamorganshire to the Wyrley and Essington Canal in the Midlands. Details are given regarding location, construction, relevant Acts of Parliament, and even tonnage rates. Published to accompany a huge map of British inland navigation (a smaller version is featured here as the frontispiece), the book became a standard reference work in its day. Shedding light on the development of commercially crucial infrastructure, it remains valuable to readers and researchers interested in the history of British transport and technology.
A Collection of the Laws Which Form the Constitution of the Bedford Level Corporation
Authors: Wells Samuel
Published: June 2015

Much of eastern England is below sea level, resulting in wide swathes of marshland that are easily flooded. In the seventeenth century, the Bedford Level Corporation was set up by Francis Russell, fourth earl of Bedford, in order to manage the drainage of the Great Level of the Fens, which became known as the Bedford Level and is the largest region of fenland in eastern England. Between 1828 and 1830, Samuel Wells, the corporation's registrar, published his well-documented history of the Bedford Level and the attempts made at various points to clear it of water using a variety of methods, from earthworks raised by the Romans to the strategies of Sir Cornelius Vermuyden and the eventual introduction of steam-powered technology. Volume 2, published in 1828, contains the necessary documents and appendices for the proper understanding of Volume 1, which appeared two years later.
The Partition of Africa
Authors: Keltie John Scott
Published: June 2015

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, as technological progress enabled the exploration of hitherto neglected territory, the powers of Western Europe embarked on a process of imperial expansion into the African continent. As a journalist for The Times, geographer John Scott Keltie (1840–1927) wrote articles on the 'scramble' at the time, and in 1893 published this authoritative text on the subject, here reissued in its revised and augmented second edition of 1895. Keltie's presentation of the topic was well received and remained of lasting relevance, being described in his obituary as 'the best text-book of that exploration and division of a forgotten continent'. Early chapters address certain aspects of African history, but the bulk of the book deals with European attempts at settlement, partition and commercial exploitation. The future of Africa, as a site of ongoing European contention and competition, is also considered.
Dynamic Power Supply Transmitters
Authors: McCune Earl
Published: June 2015

Learn how envelope tracking, polar modulation, and hybrid designs using these techniques, really work. The first physically based and coherent book to bring together a complete overview of such circuit techniques, this is an invaluable resource for practising engineers, researchers and graduate students working on RF power amplifiers and transmitters. Learn how to create more successful designs.
• Step-by-step design guidelines and real world case studies show you how to put these techniques into practice
• A survey of how various transistor technologies help you to choose which transistor type to use for best results
• Detail on the test and measurement of all aspects of these designs explains how to measure what the circuit is actually doing and how to interpret measurement results.
Histoire du Canal du Midi
Authors: Andréossy Antoine-François
Published: June 2015

Officially opened in 1682, the Canal du Midi, designed and built by the engineers Pierre-Paul Riquet and François Andréossy, stretched from Toulouse to the Mediterranean. The present work was written by Andréossy's descendant, Antoine-François Andréossy (1761–1828), a French general and diplomat. A member of the Académie des Sciences, he analyses here the terrain of the south of France to show how and why the canal was built. Notably, the work became known for the author's argument that Riquet had usurped the glory that really belonged to his ancestor. Concluding with original documents from the period of the canal's construction, along with an appendix giving details on the canal's route, the book is reissued here in its first edition of 1800. A second edition appeared in 1804, and a third edition was begun but never completed.
Samuel F. B. Morse
Authors: Morse Samuel Finley Breese
Published: June 2015

The American inventor Samuel Morse (1791–1872) spent decades fighting to be recognised for his key role in devising the electromagnetic telegraph. While he will always be remembered in the history of telecommunications, and for co-developing the code which bears his name, Morse started out as a painter and also involved himself in matters of politics over the course of his career. Published in 1914, this two-volume collection of personal papers was edited by his son, who provides helpful commentary throughout, illuminating the struggles and successes of a remarkable life. Volume 2 begins with Morse's return voyage to the United States; following a conversation with a fellow passenger regarding electromagnetism, Morse began to develop the concept of the single-wire telegraph. The rest of the volume gives much personal background to the development of the invention and particularly to Morse's efforts to gain the recognition he believed he deserved.
Operations Carried On at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837
Authors: Vyse Howard
Published: June 2015

An army officer and politician, Richard William Howard Vyse (1784–53) also made his mark as an Egyptologist. This three-volume work, published in 1840–2, has remained an instructive resource in Egyptology up to the present day. Adopting the style of a journal, with illustrations and diagrams throughout, it narrates in detail his excavations at Giza, surveying and measuring the pyramids. Following Vyse's return to England, the work was continued by the engineer and surveyor John Shae Perring (1813–69). Vyse gives observations of his travels, and of the landscape, people and architecture he encountered, as well as details of the important work he carried out. Most notable was his discovery, using gunpowder, of four new chambers in the Great Pyramid containing 'quarry marks' - graffiti by the pyramid builders. Volume 2 (1840) contains detailed descriptions of the excavation of several pyramids and their contents, and appendices with extensive measurements.
The Great Pyramid
Authors: Taylor John
Published: June 2015

The publisher and author John Taylor (1781–1864), who took an interest in various antiquarian matters, published this work in 1859. Using the measurements taken by the seventeenth-century archaeologist John Greaves and by the French savants who had examined the Great Pyramid at Giza during Napoleon's Egyptian expedition, he deduced the existence of a 'pyramid inch' (fractionally longer than the British inch), which was one twenty-fifth of the so-called 'sacred cubit' and was derived from ancient astronomical and time-measurement observations; and as a convinced Christian, he concluded that the British inch was therefore divinely inspired. His work was very influential and had a considerable following (the astronomer Charles Piazzi Smyth's 1864 book on Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid is also reissued in this series), but was later debunked by the more accurate surveys and measurements of Flinders Petrie, whose interest in Egypt was partly aroused by reading this book.
Narrative of a Second Visit to Greece
Authors: Blaquiere Edward
Published: June 2015

Edward Blaquiere (1779–1832), an Irishman of Huguenot descent, joined the Royal Navy in 1794 and served, chiefly in the Mediterranean, throughout the Napoleonic wars. In 1820, influenced by Jeremy Bentham, he went on his behalf to Spain to observe the revolution there. On the fall of the liberal regime in Spain in 1823, Blaquiere and his friend John Bowring formed the London Greek Committee to raise money for the Greek war of independence and to lobby the British government for support. (It was under the auspices of the Committee, and recruited by Blaquiere, that Lord Byron made his famous, and fatal, journey to Greece.) After his second visit to Greece, in 1825 Blaquiere published this account of his own travels and of the last days of Lord Byron. His 1824 book on the progress of the Greek revolution is also reissued in this series.
A History of Garden Art
Authors: Gothein Marie Luise Schroeter
Published: June 2015

Marie Luise Gothein (1863–1931) published this scholarly two-volume history of garden design in German in 1913. Its second edition of 1925 was translated into English by Laura Archer-Hind, edited by gardening author Walter P. Wright (1864–1940), and published in 1928. The highly illustrated work is still regarded as among the most thorough and important surveys of its kind. It begins by examining evidence from both archaeology and literature, as well as climate and soil conditions, to discuss the gardens of ancient Egypt and Assyria, and continues to survey developments worldwide until the twentieth century. Individual gardens, technical innovations, and fashions in horticulture are all discussed in detail. Volume 2 considers northern European gardens of the Renaissance, the cultural importance of Louis XIV's France, the impact of the introduction of foreign plants, and gardening in Europe, the Far East and North America up to the early twentieth century.
Global Burden of Armed Violence 2015
Authors: Geneva Declaration Secretariat
Published: June 2015

The 2015 edition of the Global Burden of Armed Violence provides a wealth of data relevant to security and the post-2015 sustainable development framework. It estimates that 508,000 people died violently - in both conflict and non-conflict settings - every year in 2007–12, down from 526,000 in 2004–09. This trend is visible in non-conflict settings, where the proportion of women and girls is also slightly reduced, from 17 to 16 per cent. Yet, the number of direct conflict deaths is on the rise: from 55,000 to 70,000 per year over the same periods. Firearms are used in close to half of all homicides committed and in almost one-third of direct conflict deaths. Nearly USD 2 trillion in global homicide-related economic losses could have been saved if the homicide rate in 2000–10 had been reduced to the lowest practically attainable levels - between 2 and 3 deaths per 100,000 population.
The Mineralogy of Derbyshire
Authors: Mawe John
Published: June 2015

Born in Derby, John Mawe (1766–1829) established a successful mineral-dealing business in London and became a significant figure in the development of British commercial mineralogy in the early nineteenth century. He travelled widely, advising on mineral exploration, and gathering specimens for clients such as Charles IV of Spain. This illustrated 1802 work gives an overview of the geological features and strata of Mawe's home county. He discusses the various mineral deposits to be found in Derbyshire, and describes some of the county's mines. Drawing on observations made on his travels, he gives descriptions of important mines in northern England, Scotland and Wales, alongside remarks on geological features of interest. The book closes with a glossary of terms used by miners in Derbyshire. Mawe's well-received Travels in the Interior of Brazil (revised edition, 1821) is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.
The Family Pen
Authors: Taylor Isaac
Published: June 2015

Isaac Taylor (1787–1865) was known as Isaac Taylor of Stanford Rivers, to distinguish him from his father, Isaac Taylor of Ongar, engraver and dissenting minister. He, his brother Jefferys, and their sisters Ann and Jane, were all writers, and their mother was the well-known 'Mrs Taylor of Ongar', some of whose books are also reissued in this series. The younger Isaac felt drawn to the Church of England, and made a name for himself with studies of the Church Fathers and the classics (he is said to have coined the word 'patristic'). This two-volume collection of writings by three generations of the Taylor family was compiled and published in 1867 by the Isaac Taylor of the next generation. Volume 1 contains Taylor of Stanford Rivers's 'Family Pen', an appreciation of him by his son, and his memoir of his sister Jane, a well-known writer for children.
Radar Meteorology
Authors: Fabry Frédéric
Published: June 2015

This practical textbook introduces the fundamental physics behind radar measurements, to guide students and practitioners in the proper interpretation of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity and dual-polarization imagery. Operational applications are explored, such as how radar imagery can be used to analyze and forecast convective and widespread weather systems. The book concludes with an overview of current research topics, including the study of clouds and precipitation using radars, signal processing, and data assimilation. Numerous full-color illustrations are included, as well as problem sets, case studies, and a variety of supplementary electronic material including animated time sequences of images to help convey complex concepts. This book is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in radar meteorology and other related courses, such as precipitation microphysics and dynamics. It will also make a useful reference for researchers, professional meteorologists and hydrologists.
An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany
Authors: Lindley John
Published: June 2015

Employed early in his career by Sir Joseph Banks, the botanist John Lindley (1799–1865) is best known for his recommendation that Kew Gardens should become a national botanical institution, and for saving the Royal Horticultural Society from financial disaster. As an author, he is best remembered for his works on taxonomy and classification. A partisan of the 'natural' system of Jussieu rather than the Linnaean, Lindley writes, in his preface to this 1830 work, that it was originally created for his own use, to avoid having recourse to 'rare, costly and expensive publications' available only in the libraries of the wealthy. His intention is to give a 'systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution of the whole vegetable kingdom', as well as of the uses of plants 'in medicine, the arts, and rural or domestic economy'. The work is important in the history of taxonomy.
Pot-Pourri from a Surrey Garden
Authors: Earle Maria Theresa Villiers
Published: June 2015

Mrs C. W. Earle (1836–1925) was born into the minor aristocracy as Maria Theresa Villiers. After training as an artist, she married Captain C. W. Earle, who inherited family property which enabled a comfortable lifestyle with a town house in London and a small property with a large garden in Surrey. Earle's designs for her garden were much admired by her artistic and literary circle, and she was encouraged to write down her gardening advice. With the help of her niece, Lady Constance Lytton (who provides an appendix on Japanese flower arranging), she published this book, the first of three, in 1897, and it was a great and immediate success. The reader is addressed directly and engagingly on topics ranging from gardening and cookery books to planting schemes, healthy recipes, interior decoration, and the rearing of boys and girls, together with plenty of practical advice on all aspects of gardening.
A Child's History of England
Authors: Dickens Charles
Published: June 2015

This three-volume history of England from before the Roman conquest through to the Glorious Revolution of 1688 was originally serialised in Charles Dickens' magazine Household Words between 1851 and 1853. The text was published in book form in the same period, although each volume was post-dated to the following year. Dickens dedicated the work to his own children, intending it to be a stepping stone to more substantial histories. The volumes were popular with readers for decades, and were used in British schools well into the twentieth century. Dickens employs his signature style to bring events and personalities to life, making use of vivid similes, unabashedly partisan language and direct speech, as well as the occasional moral lesson. Volume 1 covers the period from the campaigns of Julius Caesar up to the close of the reign of the 'miserable brute' King John.
The Lands of Silence
Authors: Markham Clements R.
Published: June 2015

Sir Clements R. Markham (1830–1916) had succumbed to smoke after accidentally igniting his bedclothes while reading by candlelight; the task of completing this history therefore fell to his friend and fellow geographer F. H. H. Guillemard (1852–1933), who published it in 1921. In the course of his long career, Markham had sailed to the Arctic in search of Sir John Franklin, jeopardised his job in the India Office by joining the British attempt to reach the North Pole in 1875–6, and served as president of the Royal Geographical Society, sending Robert Falcon Scott on his first expedition to Antarctica. His extensive knowledge of the prominent polar explorers and expeditions of his day lends this publication an especial interest and authority. Enhanced by a number of maps and illustrations, the book also considers certain scientific and economic developments, notably the growth of the whaling industry.
The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945
Authors: Zimmerman Joshua D.
Published: June 2015

The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945 examines one of the central problems in the history of Polish-Jewish relations: the attitude and the behavior of the Polish Underground - the resistance organization loyal to the Polish government-in-exile - toward the Jews during World War II. Using a variety of archival documents, testimonies, and memoirs, Zimmerman offers a careful, dispassionate narrative, arguing that the reaction of the Polish Underground to the catastrophe that befell European Jewry was immensely varied, ranging from aggressive aid to acts of murder. By analyzing the military, civilian, and political wings of the Polish Underground and offering portraits of the organization's main leaders, this book is the first full-length scholarly monograph in any language to provide a thorough examination of the Polish Underground's attitude and behavior towards the Jews during the entire period of World War II.
Stochastic Interest Rates
Authors: McInerney Daragh , Zastawniak Tomasz
Published: June 2015

This volume in the Mastering Mathematical Finance series strikes just the right balance between mathematical rigour and practical application. Existing books on the challenging subject of stochastic interest rate models are often too advanced for Master's students or fail to include practical examples. Stochastic Interest Rates covers practical topics such as calibration, numerical implementation and model limitations in detail. The authors provide numerous exercises and carefully chosen examples to help students acquire the necessary skills to deal with interest rate modelling in a real-world setting. In addition, the book's webpage at www.cambridge.org/9781107002579 provides solutions to all of the exercises as well as the computer code (and associated spreadsheets) for all numerical work, which allows students to verify the results.
An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology
Authors: Wilkinson Michael , Brown Richard E.
Published: June 2015

How does the brain regulate sexual behavior, or control our body weight? How do we cope with stress? Addressing these questions and many more besides, this thoroughly revised new edition reflects the significant advances that have been made in the study of neuroendocrinology over the last twenty years. The text examines the importance of the hypothalamus in regulating hormone secretion from the endocrine glands, describing novel sites of hormone release including bone, heart, skeletal muscle and liver. The role of steroid hormone, neurotransmitter and peptide receptors, and the molecular responses of target tissues, is integrated into the discussion of the neuroendocrine brain, especially through changes in gene expression. Particular attention is attached to neuropeptides, including their profound influence on behavior. Complete with new full-color figures throughout, along with review and essay questions for each chapter, this is an ideal resource for undergraduate and graduate students of neuroscience, psychology, biology and physiology.
Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Liu Bing
Published: June 2015

Sentiment analysis is the computational study of people's opinions, sentiments, emotions, and attitudes. This fascinating problem is increasingly important in business and society. It offers numerous research challenges but promises insight useful to anyone interested in opinion analysis and social media analysis. This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the topic from a primarily natural-language-processing point of view to help readers understand the underlying structure of the problem and the language constructs that are commonly used to express opinions and sentiments. It covers all core areas of sentiment analysis, includes many emerging themes, such as debate analysis, intention mining, and fake-opinion detection, and presents computational methods to analyze and summarize opinions. It will be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in natural language processing, computer science, management sciences, and the social sciences.