bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 no Brasil: estresse como preditor da depressão
Authors: Silva Washington Allysson Dantas
Published: August 2020

Os estudos sobre saúde mental têm demonstrado que os níveis de estresse e de depressão das pessoas ao redor do mundo vem aumentando durante a pandemia da COVID-19. No Brasil, mesmo com tais indicadores, ainda não está claro como esses fatores psicológicos podem estar relacionados. Para preencher essa lacuna, buscou-se analisou os níveis de estresse e depressão dos brasileiros, bem como visou estabelecer um modelo preditivo entre os construtos. Participaram 480 pessoas adultas de diferentes regiões do Brasil, com idades entre 18 e 65 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (77,3%). Os níveis de estresse e depressão dos participantes foram moderados. Além disso, o estresse frente à COVID-19 apresentou-se como um bom preditor da depressão, de modo que quanto mais as pessoas se sentiram estressadas diante do tema, maior era a probabilidade de apresentarem sintomas depressivos. Diante disso, discute-se sobre a importância da manutenção da saúde mental da população.
Autoclave treatment of cakes after pressure oxidation leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates
Authors: Kritskii A. V. , Tretyak M. A. , Karimov К. A. , Naboichenko S. S.
Published: August 2020

The existing technologies for copper-porphyry ores enrichment, located in deposits in the Urals of Russia, allow the production of chalcopyrite concentrates of the following composition, %: 21.5 Cu, 24.5 Fe, 26.5 S, 0.4 Pb, 17.6 SiO2, 1.8 CaO, 2–6 Au (ppm), 20– 40 Ag (ppm). A conventional technology for processing such concentrates includes autogenous smelting, matte desulfurization and blister copper refining. Pressure oxidation leaching (POX) is considered the most promising alternative technology for chalcopyrite concentrate processing. The POX of concentrates originated from Mikheevskii GOK allow the production a cake of the following chemical composition, %: 56–65 Fe2O3, 25–30 SiO2, 2.7 Ca, 0.3–1.0 Cu, 2–7 S, 0.6–0.8 Pb, 4–12 Au (ppm), 40–80 Ag (ppm); mass loss was 37–45 %. A standard method of cake cyaniding provides satisfactory indicators of precious metal extraction, but it requires a cumbersome area to be arranged for their processing and offers no solution for residue disposal. In this regard, this paper investigates the method of subsequent cake processing using autoclave treatment (AT) for iron removal. The study shows how the following parameters affect the results of this process: t = 110÷210 °C, H2SO4 = 15÷60 g/dm3, τ = 45÷ ÷120 min. A statistic description of the AT operation is developed. Recommended AT conditions (t = 110 °C, H2SO4 = 60 g/dm3, τ = 60÷100 min) allow to obtain the POX cake yield reduced to 30–35 % of the source material with the following composition, %: 28–33 Fe2O3, 47–53 SiO2, 2–5 Ca, 0.6–2.0 Cu, 0.8–1.5 Pb, 2–8 S. At the same time, the content of precious metals in the cake reaches 12–16 Au (ppm) and 80–120 Ag (ppm). Options for using AT products are proposed.
Study into the effect of sodium lignosulfonate, anionic surfactants and their mixtures on the rate of copper ion cementation by zinc
Authors: Kolmachikhina A. B. , Sviridov A. V. , Naumov K. D.
Published: August 2020

The article focuses on the effect of sodium lignosulfonate (LS), anionic surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)), and their mixtures on the rate of copper cementation by zinc. The results obtained demonstrate a decrease in copper cementation rate with the increasing LS and SDBS concentrations. There was also excessive zinc consumption for copper ion cementation noted due to LS and SDBS anion adsorption on positively charged zinc cathodic areas of the cementing agent and the precipitate. This led to a decrease in the rate of copper particle nucleation, energy consumption for forming new copper nucleation centers, and conditions for hydrogen overpotential reduction. In addition, rising temperature led to a decrease in zinc consumption in the presence of LS. Surfactants under investigation may be ranked by the negative impact on copper ion cementation in an ascending order as follows: SDS < SDBS < LS. LS + SDS mixture testing showed its irregular effect on copper cementation rate at test temperatures. Experiments with LS and SDBS mixtures demonstrated a linear decrease in copper ion cementation rate with increasing SDBS concentration and simultaneously rising zinc consumption. Due to the negative impact of investigated reagents discovered, we proposed a method for removing organic impurities from solutions using multilayered aluminosilicates modified by cationic surfactants. The results obtained indicate the high effectiveness of organic impurity removal from solutions providing for a 50 % increase in cementation rate in the presence of LS + SDBS mixture together with a decrease in zinc consumption.
“Mari Letters and Biblical Prophetism: Similarities and Differences— Part II”
Authors: F. Rodríguez Alvaro
Published: August 2020

This article is part two of a two-part paper. In the first part, the description of biblical prophetism, its nature, and features, were developed in order to understand the basics of the prophetic phenomena. The terminology used by the Scriptures was described in order to find out the nature of the biblical prophets. In this second article, the same is done with Mari letters and a comparison is offered between these two records in order to establish their relationship, similarities, and differences. As the result of this assessment, it is established that though there are some similarities between these two groups, there are substantial differences. Biblical prophetism is considered unique and does not find its origin in any other ancient phenomenon but in God himself.
Associations between the built environment and physical activity among adults with low socio-economic status in Canada: a systematic review
Authors: Christie Chelsea D. , Consoli Anna , Ronksley Paul E. , Vena Jennifer E. , Friedenreich Christine M. , McCormack Gavin R.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To synthesize literature on the associations between the built environment and physical activity among adults with low socio-economic status (SES) in Canada.

Methods

Using a pre-specified study protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD42019117894), we searched seven databases from inception to November 2018, for peer-reviewed quantitative studies that (1) included adults with low SES living in Canada and (2) estimated the association between self-reported or objectively measured built characteristics and self-reported or objectively measured physical activity. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Findings were synthesized using a narrative approach.

Synthesis

Of the 8338 citations identified by our search, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included adults living in one province (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, or Quebec), with one study including a national sample. All studies were cross-sectional, and none controlled for residential self-selection. Sampling designs and data collection strategies were heterogeneous. Sample sizes ranged between 78 and 37,241 participants. Most studies measured SES using household income. Street connectivity, greenness, destination density, and walkability were positively associated with physical activity. Relative to the objectively measured built environment, associations between the self-reported built environment and physical activity were less consistent. Studies were of fair to good quality.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the neighbourhood built environment is associated with physical activity among adults with low SES in Canada. More rigorous study designs are needed to determine whether or not the built environment and physical activity are causally related within this vulnerable population.
Suggested field procedures for collecting soil/litter arthropods in a tropical rainforest for long-term monitoring with DNA metabarcoding v1
Authors: Basset Yves
Published: August 2020

Suggested field procedures for collecting soil/litter arthropods in a tropical rainforest for long-term monitoring with DNA metabarcoding. Standardized field protocols to monitor the soil fauna exist but they are not tailored to surveys in tropical rainforests and not designated to obtain samples that can be later processed with metabarcoding. In general, the soil fauna is extracted by Berlese-Tullgren apparatus, while the litter-dwelling and more active fauna is better surveyed with Winkler extractors. Here, we used Berlese-Tullgren which represent the choice method for Collembola but included in our samples both soil and litter.
Metabolitos secundarios en Trichoderma spp. y sus aplicaciones biotecnológicas agrícolas
Authors: Mesa Vanegas Ana María , Marín Pavas Duber Alexander , Calle Osorno Jaime
Published: August 2020

Trichoderma es un hongo con múltiples aplicaciones biotecnológicas agrícolas. La más importante es la capacidad de inhibir el crecimiento, la esporulación y la germinación de esporas de hongos patógenos. Una gran variedad de investigaciones se centra en estudiar el potencial biológico y la formulación a base de especies de Trichoderma con actividad inhibitoria sobre microorganismos, lo que genera que estas prácticas sean más eficaces en un amplio rango de condiciones ambientales, de especies de plagas y de sistemas de cultivos. La presente revisión ofrece una visión específica sobre los reportes de los metabolitos secundarios identificados en cepas del hongo de género Trichoderma con aplicación biotecnológica en la generación de productos agrícolas biocontroladores, con un enfoque prometedor para el descubrimiento de nuevos agentes de control basados en alternativas agroecológicas en el manejo integrado de hongos, bacterias, parásitos e insectos.
La muerte: entre la plenitud y el escepticismo en Las noches todas de Tomás González y Memorias de un hombre feliz de Darío Jaramillo Agudelo
Authors: Rondon Velez Peter
Published: August 2020

el artículo analiza la dimensión estética y filosófica de la muerte en Las noches todas de Tomás González y Memorias de un hombre feliz de Darío Jaramillo Agudelo. En este sentido, muestra cómo la posición de los narradores está mediada por una consciencia de la muerte que afecta su representación del mundo, y configura un tipo de novela que se aleja del escepticismo e incorpora la plenitud, para descubrir nuevas modulaciones del morir. Finalmente se apunta la necesidad de iniciar una historia de la muerte en la literatura colombiana.
Traumatismo craneoencefálico en niños. Hospital General de Medellín y Clínica Somer de Rionegro, 2010-2017
Authors: Jiménez-Aguilar Diana Paola , Montoya-Jaramillo Luisa María , Benjumea-Bedoya Dione , Castro-Álvarez John Fredy
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas, aspectos clínicos y complicaciones de los niños de 0 a 10 años de edad que sufrieron traumatismo craneoencefálico, atendidos en el Hospital General de Medellín y en la Clínica Somer de Rionegro entre los años 2010 y 2017.Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, toma como fuente de información las historias clínicas de los niños con diagnósticos relacionados con el traumatismo craneoencefálico entre 2010-2017. Se calcularon las proporciones de las variables sociodemográficas, circunstanciales, espacio-temporales y clínicas.Resultados: se encontraron 224 pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico, el 64,7 % de los casos fueron de sexo masculino, la edad promedio fue de 4,5 años. El trauma ocurrió con mayor frecuencia en el domicilio del paciente entre los días de la semana en las horas de la tarde. La causa principal del trauma fue caída (75 %), seguido por accidentes de tránsito (13,3 %). La gravedad del traumatismo se midió con la escala de coma de Glasgow, el 78 % fue leve, hubo un caso fatal y 7 (3 %) tuvieron complicaciones motoras durante la hospitalización.Conclusión: los hallazgos de este estudio coinciden con las principales características del traumatismo craneoencefálico de la población pediátrica en el mundo, amplía la información regional y local para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención, diagnóstico y seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes.
Colangitis esclerosante primaria. Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Villa-Gómez Cristian Camilo , Velilla-Aguirre Daniel Stiven , Lopera-Restrepo Laura Camila , Hoyos-Duque Sergio Iván
Published: August 2020

La colangitis esclerosante primaria (CEP) es una patología hepática crónica y rara que se caracterizapor la inflamación y fibrosis de los conductos biliares, cuya evolución puede llevar a la cirrosis, hipertensión portal y enfermedad hepática en etapa terminal. Su etiología es desconocida, pero se ha relacionado con factores genéticos y autoinflamatorios. Además, tiene una relación muy estrecha con la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Su presentación clínica es muy inespecífica, sus principales síntomas son el prurito y la fatiga. La prueba estándar para su diagnóstico es la colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM), donde se observa un aspecto anular ocasionado por estenosis multifocales cortas con segmentos alternos normales o dilatados. Actualmente, no existe ningún tratamiento farmacológico que logre prolongar la supervivencia sin un trasplante de hígado en la CEP. Sólo se puede hacer tratamiento sintomático, especialmente del prurito. El único manejo curativo con el que se cuenta hoy en día es el trasplante hepático, aunque existe un riesgo de recurrencia de la enfermedad. Es muy importante la vigilancia de los trastornos inflamatorios intestinales, la malignidad y la enfermedad metabólica ósea en estos pacientes. Se ha visto que algunos factores, como el diagnóstico temprano, son de buen pronóstico para la enfermedad.
Reach or Trust Optimisation? A Citizen Trust Analysis in the Flemish Public Broadcaster VRT
Authors: Picone Ike , Donders Karen
Published: August 2020

In democracies, one of Public Service Media’s (PSM) main roles is to inform the public. In a digital news ecosystem, where commercial, citizen, and alternative news sources have multiplied, questions about the ability and need for PSM to fulfil this role are increasingly being raised. While the role of PSM can and should be scrutinized, a too-narrow a focus on an informed citizenry may obfuscate aspects, other than audience reach and objectivity, that are key to this information role, such as trust. Against this background, this article studies whether and to what extent citizens still trust the news and information services of their public broadcaster, asking if that trust is still high, whether there is a difference between groups in the population, and if trust is in line with reach. Based on a representative survey of news users in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking community of Belgium, the article studies the reach and trust scores of the brands of VRT, Flanders’ PSM, and compares them to those of its main competitors, with a specific focus on differences in terms of age, education levels, and political orientation. The results suggest that VRT struggles more than the main commercial players to reach young people and the lower-educated, but still leads when it comes to trust. The data show the continued importance of widening our assessment of PSM beyond market-focused indicators of reach.
In the Service of Good Journalism and Audience Interests? How Audience Metrics Affect News Quality
Authors: Fürst Silke
Published: August 2020

A large and growing body of literature shows that audience metrics exert a significant influence in many newsrooms around the world. Scholars assume that this might affect the quality of news, but findings on how audience metrics influence news quality and media performance are scattered. Based on a widely used set of news quality criteria, this article is the first to focus on this question. It reviews and discusses the existing findings by considering the influence of audience metrics across four analytical dimensions: A) the allocation of resources and recognition; B) the volume, practices and rhythms of news production; C) the selection and placement of topics; and D) the formats and styles of news presentation. The analysis reveals that journalists’ use of audience metrics has a mainly negative impact on news quality. This effect is the result of both the growing economic pressures on newsrooms and a dominant rhetoric that equates measures of audience size with audience interests and good journalistic work.
The Schengen Crisis and the End of the “Myth” of Europe Without Borders
Authors: Wassenberg Birte
Published: August 2020

The European Schengen crisis, spurred off by a wave of terrorist attacks in Europe and an unexpected increase in migration across the Mediterranean Sea in 2015 led to a re-questioning of the functions of borders in European integration. The ideal of a “Europe without borders” has been particularly affected. Indeed, the re-introduction of border controls in several Member States of the European Union (EU) symbolized a new obstacle to free circulation in Europe and the “separation” function of the border seems to have strengthened. This contribution will argue that the Schengen crisis has not put an end to “Europe without borders” in terms of free movement of goods, services, capital and people. It will claim instead that there has been a construction of a “myth” of “Europe without borders” with a different meaning, i.e. in which “Europe without borders” is not a means to an objective but an objective in itself, that of an EU where all borders are assumed to have negative functions and should therefore disappear. The Schengen crisis helps to unravel this “myth” by demonstrating that borders can also have positive functions, that they persist within the EU and that their control remains a competence of the EU Member States. Adopting a less mystified view of “Europe without borders” and assessing its origin and development from a disciplinary approach in Contemporary History, helps to better explain the processes of de- and re-bordering in Europe and their relationship to European integration.
Co-Clinical Imaging Resource Program (CIRP): Bridging the Translational Divide to Advance Precision Medicine
Authors: Shoghi Kooresh I. , Badea Cristian T. , Blocker Stephanie J. , Chenevert Thomas L. , Laforest Richard , Lewis Michael T. , Luker Gary D. , Manning H. Charles , Marcus Daniel S. , Mowery Yvonne M. , Pickup Stephen , Richmond Ann , Ross Brian D. , Vilgelm Anna E. , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Zhou Rong
Published: August 2020

The National Institutes of Health’s (National Cancer Institute) precision medicine initiative emphasizes the biological and molecular bases for cancer prevention and treatment. Importantly, it addresses the need for consistency in preclinical and clinical research. To overcome the translational gap in cancer treatment and prevention, the cancer research community has been transitioning toward using animal models that more fatefully recapitulate human tumor biology. There is a growing need to develop best practices in translational research, including imaging research, to better inform therapeutic choices and decision-making. Therefore, the National Cancer Institute has recently launched the Co-Clinical Imaging Research Resource Program (CIRP). Its overarching mission is to advance the practice of precision medicine by establishing consensus-based best practices for co-clinical imaging research by developing optimized state-of-the-art translational quantitative imaging methodologies to enable disease detection, risk stratification, and assessment/prediction of response to therapy. In this communication, we discuss our involvement in the CIRP, detailing key considerations including animal model selection, co-clinical study design, need for standardization of co-clinical instruments, and harmonization of preclinical and clinical quantitative imaging pipelines. An underlying emphasis in the program is to develop best practices toward reproducible, repeatable, and precise quantitative imaging biomarkers for use in translational cancer imaging and therapy. We will conclude with our thoughts on informatics needs to enable collaborative and open science research to advance precision medicine.
Monitoring Early Changes in Tumor Metabolism in Response to Therapy Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI in a Preclinical Model of Glioma
Authors: Lim Heeseung , Martínez-Santiesteban Francisco , Jensen Michael D. , Chen Albert , Wong Eugene , Scholl Timothy J.
Published: August 2020

This study shows the use of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to assess therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical tumor model. 13C-labeled pyruvate was used to monitor early changes in tumor metabolism based on the Warburg effect. High-grade malignant tumors exhibit increased glycolytic activity and lactate production to promote proliferation. A rodent glioma model was used to explore altered lactate production after therapy as an early imaging biomarker for therapeutic response. Rodents were surgically implanted with C6 glioma cells and separated into 4 groups, namely, no therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combined therapy. Animals were imaged serially at 6 different time points with magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI and conventional 1H imaging. Using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI, alterations in tumor metabolism were detected as changes in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate (measured as Lac/Pyr ratio) and compared with the conventional method of detecting therapeutic response using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Moreover, each therapy group expressed different characteristic changes in tumor metabolism. The group that received no therapy showed a gradual increase of Lac/Pyr ratio within the tumor. The radiotherapy group showed large variations in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio. The chemo- and combined-therapy groups showed a statistically significant reduction in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio; however, only combined therapy was capable of suppressing tumor growth, which resulted in low endpoint mortality rate. Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI detected a prompt reduction in Lac/Pyr ratio as early as 2 days post combined chemo- and radiotherapies.
Texture Analysis of F-18 Fluciclovine PET/CT to Predict Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Initial Results
Authors: Kang Hakmook , Kim E. Edmund , Shokouhi Sepideh , Tokita Kenneth , Shin Hye-Won
Published: August 2020

Predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer is imperative for initiating early treatment, which can improve the outcome of cancer treatment. However, because of inter- and intrareader variability in interpretation of F-18 fluciclovine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), it is difficult to reliably discern between necrotic tissue owing to radiation therapy and tumor tissue. Our goal is to develop a computational methodology using Haralick texture analysis that can be used as an adjunct tool to improve and standardize the interpretation of F-18 fluciclovine PET/CT to identify biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Four main textural features were chosen by variable selection procedure using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and bootstrapping, and then included as predictors in subsequent logistic ridge regression model for prediction (n = 28). Age at prostatectomy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before the PET/CT imaging, and number of days between the prostate-specific antigen measurement and PET/CT imaging were also included in the prediction model. The overfitting-corrected area under the curve and Brier score of the proposed model were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.00) and 0.12 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.23), respectively. Compared with a model with textural features (TI model) and that with only clinical information (CI model), the proposed model achieved 2% and 32% increase in AUC and 8% and 48% reduction in Brier score, respectively. Combining Haralick textural features based on the PET/CT imaging data with clinical information shows a high potential of enhanced prediction of the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
Dedicated Verification of an Accessory Parotid Gland via Minimal-Activity PSMA-PET/CT
Authors: Gühne Falk , Drescher Robert , Aschenbach René , Seifert Philipp , Freesmeyer Martin
Published: August 2020

Gallium-68-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen ligands are not only established radiopharmaceuticals for staging of prostate cancer but also accumulate physiologically in nonprostate organs, including the salivary glands. We show the converted application of prostate-specific membrane antigen -positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) as a dedicated method to depict salivary gland tissue using a region-focused, low-dose protocol. An accessory parotid gland at the right buccal region could be confirmed; therefore, further diagnostic or invasive therapeutic steps were not necessary.
Conexión intrínseca entre la pragmática y la gramática
Authors: Bachelor Jeremy W.
Published: August 2020

Estudios sugieren que la gramática es un prerrequisito a la adquisición pragmática en la Lengua 2 o segunda lengua/lengua extranjera (L2), aunque una alta competencia gramatical no garantice una alta competencia pragmática. Este estudio examina extensamente la correlación entre estas dos competencias. En el año 2013, en una universidad norteamericana, 29 estudiantes de español de nivel intermedio-alto hicieron una prueba de gramática y una de pragmática. La segunda evaluó las solicitudes, las invitaciones, los rechazos y las disculpas en español. Al comparar las dos competencias, los resultados sugieren que existe una relación positiva entre la pragmática y la gramática. Por tanto, esta investigación apoya estudios previos que demuestran que la competencia gramatical de estudiantes de L2 es necesaria para el desarrollo de la competencia pragmática; sin embargo, noes suficiente para ella.
Social incubation: Strategic benefits for social enterprise
Authors: Nascimento Leandro da Silva , Fernandes Bernardo Soares , Salazar Viviane Santos
Published: August 2020

This paper aimed to identify what are the strategic benefits that the social incubation process offers for social enterprise. We conducted a case study with a Brazilian social incubator. Social enterprises that participated in the social incubation program were the analysis units. Among the eight strategic benefits found, three of them have never been previously indicated in the studied literature, therefore being a novelty herein highlighted to improve social enterprise's commercial and social missions. By understanding these benefits, social entrepreneurs can make better decisions about joining social incubation. Besides, managers of social incubators can understand the limitations inherent to the social incubation herein stressed, and, from this, improve the programs. Hence, this paper advances knowledge in the social entrepreneurship field.
Smashing the Binary? A new era of legal gender registration in the Yogyakarta Principles Plus 10
Authors: Holzer Lena
Published: August 2020

This article analyses the potential of Principle 31 of the Yogyakarta Principles plus 10 to smash the gender binary. Principle 31 proposes several innovations with regards to the registration of people’s gender on official documents and/or in state registries. In order to understand the practical meanings of these innovations, the article inspects exemplary jurisdictions that have realised some of the Principle’s suggestions. Queer and feminist theories serve as the normative framework to understand how Principle 31 smashes the static binary gender registration in the form of F and M. Moreover, relying on developments in international law helps to comprehend the context in which Principle 31 was created and its innovative nature. The four central reforms proposed by Principle 31 are discussed in independent sections in the article. They include the elimination of gender markers, unconditional gender recognition laws, the introduction of non-binary legal gender categories and the elimination of the public gender registration. The article concludes that all of these four measures face specific limitations in how they smash the gender binary, but, as a whole, they trouble the naturalised understanding of dichotomous (legal) gender relations. Finally, Principle 31 alerts to the necessity of reducing the naturalised state control over people’s gender assignment, while making sure that where the state (still) has control, it valorises gender diversity outside of a binary frame.
Gender kaleidoscope: Diffracting legal approaches to reform gender binary
Authors: Venditti Valeria
Published: August 2020

This article explores the import of current gender legal reforms. Through analysis of legal processes of self-determination and inclusion of non-binary gender labels, it critiques the hypostatizing tendency that marks our current understanding of gender and limits the scope of legal reforms. My insight is that reforms of legal gender status are bound to reproduce a conservative system of recognition because they rely on a substantialised conception of gender, one that frames gender as a given entity (or a given set of entities) along which our identities organise. In the conclusion, I discuss alternative forms of conceiving legal gender, gesturing toward a more relational and multifarious legal approach.
Legal Gender Recognition in Portugal: A Path to Self-Determination
Authors: Moleiro Carla , Pinto Nuno
Published: August 2020

This paper presents research on the enforcement and impact of the first legal gender recognition legislation in Portugal (Law no.7/2011). The study describes how the administrative process created by the law functioned during its initial 5-year period, and identifies challenges and processes of resistance to this legal innovation. Simultaneously, it seeks to assess the impact of the law on the social and psychological well-being of trans people, including in their access to vital spheres of social life such as education and employment. The research employs a mixed-methods approach and a multi-informant methodology: an online questionnaire was completed by 68 trans and non-binary people, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with various selected stakeholders: representatives of trans and LGBTIQ+ organisations (n=5), health professionals identified as experts in the topic and as gatekeepers in legal gender recognition processes (n=12), and trans people (n=6). Results show, on the one hand, the significant positive impact that legal gender recognition has on the psychological well-being and social welfare of the participants. On the other hand, results also show several challenges and forms of resistance to the implementation of the law, in particular those challenges resulting from the fact that legal gender recognition depended on a clinical diagnosis and the provision of a clinical report.
One for one and one for all? Human rights and transgender access to legal gender recognition in Botswana
Authors: Camminga B
Published: August 2020

In 2017 a surprising development took place in an African nation with no lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT) rights or protections to speak of. In two separate cases, one involving a transgender man and the other a transgender woman, the Botswana High Court ruled in favour of the two litigants. The rulings allowed each to have their gender markers on their identity documents adjusted. This was a historical first on the African continent. This paper explores how this came to pass. Providing a close reading of the Botswana cases I contend that, perhaps surprisingly, the law though crucial, seems to function as simply the final decision-making tool at the judges' disposal. Drawing on interviews undertaken with both litigants and their legal teams alongside available media including op-eds’ by members of the litigation team, I provide a comparative analysis of the two cases. I argue that each case followed a distinct strategy and that this may prove pertinent to future jurisprudence in the region. Beyond the much-derided framing of gender identity as a human right in Africa, in cases such as these it would seem that for transgender people, the heteronormative ways in which litigants are presented, along with their public in/visibility and perceived im/mobility can be critical to their outcomes.
Pet Lamb and Clothed Hyena: Law as an Oppressive Force in Jane Eyre
Authors: Maine Alexander
Published: August 2020

Writing in 1864, the literary critic Justin M’Carthy stated that ‘the greatest social difficulty in England today is the relationship between men and women.’ This came at a time of unprecedented social and legal change of the status of women in the 19th Century. A prominent novel of the time concerning such social difficulty is Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre: An Autobiography which attempts to reflect these social difficulties as often resulting from law. As such, the novel may be used as a reflection of the condition of nineteenth century English law as an oppressive force against women. This force is one that enacts morality through legality, and has particular resonance in literature concerning social issues. Jane Eyre will be discussed as a novel that provides insights into women’s experiences in the mid-nineteenth century. Law is represented within the novel as an oppressive force that directly subjugates women, and as such the novel may be regarded as an early liberal feminist work that challenges the condition of law. This article will explore the link between good moral behaviour, and moral madness, the latter being perceived as a threat to the domestic and the law’s response to this threat. It will pick upon certain themes presented by Brontë, such as injustice towards women, wrongful confinement, insanity and adulterous immoral behaviour, to come to the conclusion that the novelist presented law as a method of constructing immorality and injustice, representing inequality and repression.
The law relating to Proscription of terrorist organisations as set out in the Terrorism Act 2000
Authors: Tron Jacob
Published: August 2020

“One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter” - How well does the current law relating to proscription of terrorist organisations protect the public and does this law encroach on an individual’s Human Rights?This article will critically analyse and evaluate the Terrorism Act 2000, in particular s.3 and the powers of proscription, in terms of restrictions to human rights and civil liberties, as well as assess the classification of a terrorist and the issues regarding its wide-reaching definition.
On the benefit transfer of the value of a statistical life
Authors: ARA AKSOY Shihomi
Published: August 2020

Objective: International and domestic benefit transfers of the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) are conducted and the transfer errors are examined for Turkey. Methods: For the international transfers, (1) unit-value transfer with income adjustment, (2) the method developed by ECOTEC (2001) for EU candidate counties and (3) Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) derived for Turkey by recent literature are examined. For the domestic transfers, transfer errors are compared between unit-value transfer with income adjustment and function transfer methods. Results: While the lower-bound ECOTEC estimate results in the least transfer error, the unit-value transfer with income adjustment using the lower bound OECD value is also confirmed as “Very Good Fit” transfer if the income elasticity of VSL is 2.0-2.5 for the international benefit transfer. For the domestic transfer, unit-value transfer with income adjustment with base value = 740,838 TL (in 2012 TL) and the elasticity = 0.5 resulted in “Good Fit”. When the transfer is necessary between the sites with different background risks, the function transfer with the basic demographic variables could improve the transfer results. Conclusions: We confirmed the applicability of benefit transfer practices for Turkey in both international and domestic context and identified the recommended methods of transfers together with the specific level of the income elasticities of VSL.
Evde sağlıklı beslenme önündeki engeller ölçeği Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği
Authors: GÜZEL Aysun , ÜNER Sarp , KONŞUK ÜNLÜ Hande , YARDIM Mahmut Sadi , ARSLAN Umut Ece , ARAZ Özgür , BİLİR Nazmi , HUANG Terry , ÖZCEBE Hilal
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Evde Sağlıklı Beslenme Önündeki Engeller Ölçeği (ESBÖEÖ) Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliğini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Araştırma metodolojik tipte epidemiyolojik bir araştırmadır ve Ankara ilinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada altı okulda öğrenim gören tüm altıncı sınıf öğrencilerin ailelerine ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir (n=641). Araştırmanın ilk aşamasına 435 ebeveyn, üç hafta sonra gerçekleştirilen ikinci (test tekrar test) aşamasına 340 ebeveyn katılmıştır. Araştırmada, kişisel bilgi formu ve ESBÖEÖ’ni içeren veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. ESBÖEÖ, yurtdışında geliştirilen, 18 madde ve iki boyuttan oluan ve sağlıklı beslenme önündeki engelleri ölçen bir ölçme aracıdır. Araştırmada IBM SPSS ver. 23.0 ve IBM AMOS ver 23.0 programları kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların %77.8’i kadın ve %25.5’i düşük gelir grubundadır. ESBÖEÖ ile ilgili yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde bazı uyum iyiliği değerleri hesaplanmıştır. ESBÖEÖ güvenirlik analizlerinde, Cronbach alfa değeri az yağlı yiyecek önündeki engeller alt boyutu için 0.65; meyve, meyve suyu, sebze önündeki engeller alt boyutu için 0.76 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Yurt dışında yetişkinlere yönelik geliştirilen ve ebeveynlerle Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan ESBÖEÖ ile ilgili yapılan bazı aşamalar/analizler sonucunda, özgün yapıya uyum sağlayan bir ölçme aracı ortaya çıkmıştır. Tekrar (ölçek uyarlanmasında kullanılan tüm aşamaları kapsayan) geçerlik güvenirliği yapılana kadar ya da benzer bir ölçek literatüre kazandırılana kadar, ESBÖEÖ’nin ülkemizde kullanılması uygundur.
Mezun durumundaki öğrenci hemşirelerin halk sağlığı hemşireliği yeterliliklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: OZTURK EYİMAYA Aslıhan , DIĞRAK Ebru , ZENGİN Hümeyra , TEZEL Ayfer
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Halk sağlığı hemşireleri çalışmalarını yürütürken halk sağlığı hemşireliği yeterlilikleri doğrultusunda profesyonel sağlık hizmeti sunmalıdır. Bu yeterlilikler güvenli ve etik uygulama yapmak için gerekli olan bilgi, beceri, yargı ve nitelikleri içerir. Bu araştırmada mezuniyet aşamasındaki hemşirelik öğrencilerinin halk sağlığı hemşireliği yeterliliklerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan araştırmanın evrenini halk sağlığı hemşireliği dersi almış mezuniyet aşamasındaki öğrenciler (N=130) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü kabul eden bütün öğrenciler çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır ve katılım oranı %87.6’dır. Veriler 83 sorudan oluşan durum tanılama formu ile toplanmıştır. Formda 4 ana başlık halinde ele alınan yeterlilikler toplumun değerlendirilmesi, toplum temelli planlama, hemşirelik girişimlerinin uygulanması, süreçlerin ve çıktıların değerlendirilmesidir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için kurum izni, etik kurul izni ve öğrencilerden bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %87.7’si kadın, %59.6’si 22 yaşındadır. Toplumun değerlendirilmesi alanında madde puan ortalaması en yüksek olan madde “Bireysel ve ailevi verilerinin gizliliğini sağlayabilirim (3.84±0.41)”, toplum temelli planlama alanında ise “Girişimleri seçerken etik ilkelere uyarım (3.71±0.58)” ve “Etnik inanç ve kültüre saygı duyarım (3.71±0.57)” maddeleridir. Girişimlerin uygulaması alanında en düşük puan ortalaması “Toplumdaki asemptomatik hastalık durumlarını ya da tanınmayan sağlık risk faktörleri olan bireyleri belirleyebilirim (3.38±0.65)” olarak saptanmıştır. Süreç ve çıktıların değerlendirilmesi alanında ise en düşük puan ortalamasına “Toplanan bilgileri analiz etmek için uygun istatistikleri kullanırım (3.33±0.71)” maddesi sahiptir. Sonuç: Mezuniyet aşamasındaki hemşirelerin halk sağlığı hemşireliği yeterliliklerinin çoğunun yüksek düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Halk sağlığı hemşireliği yeterliliklerinin daha da geliştirilebilmesi için lisans eğitim programlarında düzenlemeler yapılması ve mezuniyet sonrasında da hemşirelerin hizmet içi eğitim programları ile desteklenmeleri önerilebilir.
Dijital epidemiyoloji
Authors: BAYIN DONAR Gamze
Published: August 2020

Dijital epidemiyoloji, bilimsel bilgiye ve dijital araçlara daha fazla erişim ile gelişen yenilikçi bir bilimsel disiplindir. Belirli toplumlardaki sağlıkla ilgili durumların dağılımının ve sağlığın belirleyicilerinin çevrimiçi platformlar aracılığı ile elde edilmesi ve bu bilginin sağlığı geliştirmek ve hastalığı önlemek için kullanılmasıdır. Bu yeni yaklaşım, halk sağlığıyla ilgili bilgilerin, sağlık hizmeti sistemine dahil olmaları gerekmeden, doğrudan halk tarafından çevrimiçi hizmetleri kullanmaları yoluyla üretildiği fikrine dayanmaktadır. Web arama kayıtları, sohbet odaları, sosyal ağlar, bloglar ve çevrimiçi haber medyası; bu çevrimiçi araçlardandır. Bazı bulaşıcı ve kronik hastalık verileri, bu veri kaynakları aracılığıyla tespit edilebilmekte ve sağlık davranış ve tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi, hastalık salgınlarının erken tespiti gibi birçok epidemiyolojik amaç için kullanılabilmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar, dünyadaki gerçek hastalık epidemiyolojisine paralel olarak birçok hastalığı ve tedaviyi tahmin etmek için güvenilir bir araç olabileceğine dair artan sonuçlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında dijital epidemiyoloji kavramına, uygulamalarına, fırsat ve zorluklarına değinilerek, bu alanda yapılan araştırmaların bulgularının sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Böylelikle, bu yeni alanın sağlık politikacılarına, halk sağlığı uzmanlarına, araştırmacılara sağladığı fırsatlar ve getirdiği varsayım ve zorluklar hakkında bir temel oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.
John Murray Last (22.09.1926-11.09.2019)
Authors: ASLAN Dilek , GÜLER Çağatay
Published: August 2020

Prof John M. Last halk sağlığı bilimi ve öğretimine önemli katkılar yapmış bir bilim insanıdır. Halk sağlığı alanında çalışanlarda eleştirel düşünce biçiminin yerleşmesine çok büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Hazırladığı yazılı kaynaklar dünyanın birçok üniversitesinde ders kitabı ve temel başvuru kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Zaman içinde halk sağlığı öğretmenliği niteliği aynı zamanda önemli bir halk sağlığı düşünürlüğüne evrimleşmiştir. Prof. Last, gerçek bir halk sağlığı eylemcisi ve kadın hakları savunucusuydu.
Dikgang Tsa Botshelo
Authors: Moepetsane Thatoyaone
Published: August 2020

Thatoyaone Moepetsane o bonwe ka ngwaga wa 1992/10/05 mo motseng wa Tlakgameng gaufi le Ganyesa Bokone Bophirima, o bonwe ke Kegomoditswe James Moepetsane le Itsing Moepetsane, o simolotse sekolo ko sekolong se se potlana sa Seitsang mo kgaolong ya Gamodisenyane ka ngwaga wa 1999 go simolola ka mophato wa ntlha (1) gofitlha ka mophato wa borataro (6) a ya go tsweletsa dithuto tsa gagwe ko sekolong se se golwane sa Sebetwane ka ngwaga wa 2006 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2015.

O simolotse go ikamaganya le dipolotiki tsa baithuti a le mo mophatong wa bo robongwe (9) a etelela mokgatlho wa baithuti wa COSAS jaaka leloko la tlaleletso mo lekaleng la Sebetwane, o simolotse go dira ko Pinelands ka malatsi a boikhutso, e rile ga a hetsa mo sekolong a ya go dira ko Shoprite Ganyesa, one a nna leloko tlaleletso mo ketapeleng ya sedika sa Ngaka Segomotsi Ruth Mompati ya mokgatlho wa baithuti ba dikholeje wa SASCO.
Publishing Scientific Articles in the Digital Era
Authors: Pagliaro Mario
Published: August 2020

In the digital era in which over 4 billion people regularly access the internet, the conventional process of publishing scientific articles in academic journals following peer review is undergoing profound changes. Following physics and mathematics scholars who started to publish their work on the freely accessible arXiv server in the early 1990s, researchers of all disciplines increasingly publish scientific articles in the form of freely accessible and fully citeable preprints before or in parallel to conventional submission to academic journals for peer review. The full transition to open science, I argue in this study, requires to expand the education of students and young researchers to include scholarly communication in the digital era.
Investigating the Influence of the Comprehensive mRNA Expression Levels of Prognostic Genes on Patient Survival in Every Type of Cancer
Authors: Lee Minhyeong
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to rank cancers based on the strength of the relationship between the comprehensive mRNA expression levels of the most harmful or protective genes and patient survival. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset that includes the RNA sequencing and c linical data, we investigated not only gene specific prognostic availability, but also comprehensive prognostic availability of prognostic genes filtered by the Cox coefficient values, and ranked cancers using a specially designed prognostic indicator. Usi ng Kaplan Meier plots, we found that cancers vary in the strength of the influence of their prognostic genes, and can be ranked based on this finding. There is a high probability that the treatment developed by using methods that reduce or increase the exp ression levels of biomarkers, for cancers that ranked at the bottom will not be efficient. The results of this study could be used as scientific evidence for the same.
Stability Analysis of Nontrivial Stationary Solution and Constant Equilibrium Point of Reaction-Diffusion Neural Networks with Time Delays under Dirichlet Zero Boundary Value
Authors: Rao Ruofeng
Published: August 2020

In this paper, Lyapunov-Razumikhin technique, design of state-dependent switching laws, a fixed point theorem and variational methods are employed to derive the existence and the unique existence of positive stationary solution of delayed reaction-diffusion cell neural networks under Dirichlet zero boundary value. Next, sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the global stability invariance of ordinary differential systems under the influence of diffusions. New theorems show that the diffusion is a double-edged sword in judging the stability of diffusion systems. Besides, an example is constructed to illuminate that any non-zero constant equilibrium point must be not in the phase plane of dynamic system under Dirichlet zero boundary value, or it must lead to a contradiction. Next, under Lipschitz assumptions on active function, another example is designed to prove that the small diffusion effect will cause the essential change of the phase plane structure of the dynamic behavior of the delayed neural networks via a Saddle point theorem. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed methods.