bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social inequalities in household food availability and wellbeing among newcomer adolescents in Canada: A Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children 2017/2018 Study
Authors: Hammami Nour
Published: August 2023

Purpose:This study sought to assess how hunger and wellbeing differ among newcomer adolescents versus non-newcomer adolescents in Canada and the associations between these factors.
Methods:This study represents results from a proportional sample of 21,750 adolescents in Canada recruited through the HBSC-Canada study 2017/2018 cycle. It used measures of migration status, the WHO-5 measure of wellbeing, hunger, and family support factors in regression models to estimate cross-sectional associations between migration status and hunger, and wellbeing while controlling for covariates and the nested nature of the data.
Results:Approximately 32.1% of the sample were newcomers and newcomers were more likely to be hungry (20.4%) compared with non-newcomer adolescents (15.5%). The regression analyses confirmed this association and also showed that newcomer adolescents also reported lower wellbeing compared with non-newcomer adolescents. Further analyses showed that among hungry adolescents, non-newcomers reported lower wellbeing than newcomer adolescents in Canada.
Conclusion:Although newcomer adolescents report overall lower wellbeing and more hunger with non-newcomers; when hungry, newcomers report higher wellbeing than their non-newcomer peers. This resilience to hunger may be explained by living in other adversity (i.e., more household deprivation, less family supports) which were living conditions found among newcomer adolescents in this study.
Effects of Occupational License Access on Undocumented Immigrants: Evidence from the California Reform
Authors: Chung Bobby
Published: August 2023

In 2014, California lifted legal work status requirement for dozens of occupational licenses - a major obstacle for undocumented immigrants in the US to access professional jobs. This paper assesses its effects on the employment outcome of undocumented immigrants in California. Analysing likely undocumented immigrants in the American Community Survey, I find that the law increased their employment, particularly in lower-skill or blue-collar licensed occupations, and older or Hispanic workers. I also find the law did not crowd out documented or domestic workers.
JEL Classification: J15, J44, K37
Cassegrain antenna using anomalously hollow beams with orbital angular momentum to improve transmission efficiency
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Yang Huajun , Jiang Ping , Zhou Miaofang , Wang Chaoxiang , Chen Xin , Bai Chenxi , Wang Peiyuan
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the transmission problem of severe energy loss in the center of the Cassegrain antenna, an anomalously hollow beam with orbital angular momentum is innovatively considered, and the transmission characteristics of anomalously hollow beams with different parameters through the Cassegrain antenna in free space is studied. The anomalously hollow beam with orbital angular momentum is a special kind of vortex light, which can maintain good parallelism over long distance transmission. By adjusting the focal parameters of Cassegrain antenna, the beam radius can be expanded in different degrees. In addition, the hollow beam can be applied to the wavelength range of 500 ~ 1550 nm and maintain good performance of parallelism. The result shows that the anomalously hollow beam with orbital angular momentum has a divergence angle of 0.228 μrad, and the beams transmission efficiency of the Cassegrain antenna can reach 89.33% at the wavelength of 863 nm, which can significantly improve the transmission efficiency of the antenna.
Qualitative Evaluation of Mixed-reality Artificial Intelligence Assistant (MAIA): An AI-Enabled VR Program for Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Spiegel Brennan , Liran Omer , Clark Alllisitair , Samaan Jamil , Khalil Carine , Charnoff Robert , Reddy Kavya , Mehra Muskaan
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Investigating the effect of long-term exclosure in a semi-arid experimental watershed on canopy cover of vegetation
Authors: Eshghizadeh Masoud , Moosavi Vahid
Published: August 2023

This research investigated the effect of long-term excluding livestock as a measure of vegetation cover management in the Kakhk experimental watershed in northeast Iran. For this purpose, the normalized difference in vegetation index was investigated in two grazed and ungrazed sub-catchments from 1991 to 1995 and 2015 to 2019. The results of statistical comparisons showed only in the ungrazed sub-catchment, the mean values of the NDVI in the second period are significantly higher than in the first period. Based on the results, the mean NDVI in the ungrazed sub-catchment has increased from 0.103 in the first period to 0.163 in the second period, whereas, in the grazed sub-catchment it has decreased from 0.152 in the first period to 0.139 in the second period. The survey of temperature data and NDVI showed the growth period of plants in the second period started faster due to higher temperatures in March and April. The results demonstrated the ability of remote sensing to investigate the effects of exclosure to rehabilitate and restore the vegetation cover in watershed management. Also, the results showed the possibility of long-term use of the rangeland without vegetation destruction if the grazing period is managed. Therefore, grazing in the long-term cannot decrease the vegetation cover by correct grazing management. Therefore, the long-term exclosure will not be significant without the application of vegetation restoration methods in watershed management. Also, remote sensing images are capable to investigate the effects of biological measures in watershed management projects.
Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Hyper-parameter Optimization in Deep Learning and Its Application in Activity Recognition
Authors: Tong Yu , Chen Rong
Published: August 2023

Current research shows that deep learning algorithm is an effective method for activity recognition. However, the deep learning algorithms often contain some hyper-parameters which may be continuous, integer, or mixed, and are often given based on experience but largely affect the effectiveness of activity recognition. In this paper, Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is proposed to optimize hyper-parameters in deep learning models. In order to adapt to different hyper-parameter optimization problems, an improved CS algorithm is proposed. Then, the hyper-parameters in CNN and LSTM are optimized based on the improved CS algorithm on the smart home activity recognition dataset. Recognition results show that hyper-parameter optimization based on improved CS algorithm can improve the performance of the deep learning model.
A bibliometric analysis of gut microbiota in urolithiasis
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Lv Jia , Xu Zihao , Wang Hengyou , He Kangjie , Hu Lizhe , Yin Shanfeng , Yan Xiang
Published: August 2023

Purposes:
This work aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of gut microbiota in urolithiasis through bibliometrics.
Methods
This study retrieved publications on gut microbiota in urolithiasis from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix" were utilized to conduct this bibliometric analysis.
Results
The study included 233 articles from 44 countries, with the United States and China leading the research. The number of publications related to gut microbiota in urolithiasis is increasing between 1995 to 2023. A total of 957 authors published these articles, with Hatch Marguerite, Miller Aaron W., Hoppe Bernd, Jin Xi, and Liu Yu having published the most papers. The most popular journals in this field are Kidney International and Urolithiasis. The main research institutions are the University of Florida, New York University, Cleveland Clinic, and Sichuan University. The primary keyword clusters included "gut microbiota,""oxalate degradation,""SLC26A6," and "urinary oxalate excretion."
Conclusion
This article analyzes influential authors, journals, countries, and institutions in the field of gut microbiota in urolithiasis using bibliometrics and holds a positive attitude towards research in this field.
A Rare Case of EBV-positive Inflammatory Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Iliac Bone
Authors: Ye Zhenbang , Jing Liang , Zhang Huijuan , Fu Yongliang , Huang Wenting
Published: August 2023

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to be associated with the occurrence of certain types of malignant tumors, including EBV-positive (EBV+) inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this case study, we present the diagnosis of a Chinese male who sequentially developed iliac bone-derived EBV + inflammatory FDCS and NPC, both of which were associated with EBV. The diagnosis was confirmed through positive immunohistochemical staining for specific markers of EBV + inflammatory FDCS (CD21, CD23, CD35 and CXCL13) and in situ hybridization of EBV encoding RNA (EBER). Furthermore, Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) identified copy number amplification of CCND1 and FGF19, as well as copy number loss of CDKN2A and CDKN2B. These genetic alterations may partially account for patient’s unfavorable prognosis, as evidenced by local recurrence at the 3rd month post-surgery and subsequent death at the 4th month post-surgery. This case suggests that a patient may develop multiple types of EBV-related cancers, which could feature unfavorable outcome as indicated by the NGS results.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Magnetization Behavior of LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3
Authors: Cao Huanhuan , Li Huijing , Mo Jajun , Lu Zeyi , Xia Yanfang , Liu Min
Published: August 2023

LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 was prepared by sol-gel method, and the obtained samples were annealed at 750°C and 900°C. The magnetic hysteresis curves illustrated that the coercivity of the samples increased with higher annealing temperatures. Magnetic tests revealed anomalous behavior in the M-T curve of LFCO-900 within the temperature range of 50K-150K, which can be attributed to changes in magnetic entropy induced by annealing. The annealing temperature has a significant impact on the magnetic properties of LFCO. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to simulate the dependence of the magnetization on the temperature in disordered systems under weak and strong fields, and the results were consistent with the phenomena of LFCO-750. These findings provide important reference values for in-depth studies to understand the physical properties of perovskite materials, and they contribute to the optimization of the magnetic entropy effect in perovskite systems, thus enhancing their application value.
Superior Sorption of Mn (VII) @ Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Sustainable Newspapers
Authors: Mohamed F. M. , Eweida B. Y. , Abdualla A. M. , Hamad H. A. , Alrakshy M. F. , Khalifa R. E.
Published: August 2023

The fabrication of natural polymer nanocrystals and their versatility stimulated the development of functionalized hybrid nanomaterials for the elimination of harmful contaminants. In this quest, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from environmentally friendly newspapers have been functionalized using a simple two-step reaction with anionic polymer (poly hydrex 6161) to create FCNCs. FTIR, XRD, and SEM are used to describe the structure of FCNCs. The impact of five factors (starting Mn (VII) concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature) and their interactions on the removal efficiency is examined using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). FCNC adsorption efficiency in batch mode is highly influenced by a number of variables, including pH. The innovative FCNCs hybrid composite not only demonstrated the efficient removal of Mn (VII) ions from an aqueous solution, but it also made the process easier. For the elimination of Mn (VII) ions, a mild acid (pH = 2) is preferred. The pseudo-second order, intraparticle-diffusion, and Langmuir isotherm kinetic models as well as the adsorption process have been proven to be compatible. Electrostatic interaction, complexation interaction, ion exchange, and pore filling are methods that can be used to determine the adsorption mechanism on the FCNCs. At least six adsorption-desorption recycles were easily performed by the hybrid FCNCs. The hybrid composite is extremely promising as an improved adsorbent for significant potential in wastewater treatment for heavy metal removal on an industrial scale due to its special features.
Performance improvement of AODV routing protocol using Q-Learning, SARSA and DQN Algorithm based RL Techniques
Authors: Rani Seema , Charaya Saurabh
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the application of reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to enhance the performance of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). MANETs are self-configuring networks consisting of mobile nodes that communicate without the need for a centralized infrastructure. AODV is a widely used routing protocol in MANETs due to its reactive nature, which reduces overhead and conserves energy. This research explores three popular Reinforcement Learning algorithms: SARSA, Q-Learning and Deep Q-Network (DQN) to optimize the AODV protocol's routing decisions. The RL agents are trained to learn the optimal routing paths by interacting with the network environment, considering factors such as link quality, node mobility, and traffic load. The experiments are conducted using network simulators to evaluate the performance improvements achieved by the proposed RL-based enhancements. The results demonstrate significant enhancements in various performance metrics, including reduced end-to-end delay, increased packet delivery ratio, and improved throughput. Furthermore, the RL-based approaches exhibit adaptability to dynamic network conditions, ensuring efficient routing even in highly mobile and unpredictable MANET scenarios. This study offers valuable insights into harnessing RL techniques for improving the efficiency and reliability of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks.
Neurocognitive outcomes and radiological features in long-term survivors of paediatric brain tumours
Authors: zarraa semia , alami soufiane , drissi cyrine , yousfi amani , noubbigh Ghaeit el fida , yahyaoui safia , nasr chiraz
Published: August 2023

Purpose This article reports long-term neurocognitive disorders on survivor children of brain tumours, their predictive factors and their aspects in imaging.
Methods We included 30 patients. Twenty-six patients underwent, prospectively, a neurocognitive assessment; and for 16 of them, we performed a comparative reading between pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging and/or cerebral tomodensitometry. We looked for cerebral atrophy, white matter lesions, and microvascular lesions.
Results Medulloblastoma was the most frequent histological type. The median age at diagnosis was 10 years. Eighty five percent of patients had at least one cognitive deficit, and 52% had moderate to severe deficits. Significant predictors of cognitive deficits were a high dose of radiotherapy to the right hippocampus, low socioeconomic status, psychiatric history, mood disorders at evaluation, and scholar failure. In radiological study, 40% of patients had at least one focal lesion of the white brain matter and 43% had at least one microvascular lesion.
Conclusion We, definitely, observed a high prevalence of neurocognitive deficits affecting all assessed cognitive domains concurrently to a high prevalence of white matter lesions and micro vascular lesions between patients treated for brain tumours at childhood. Although, it was a little series of patients, our results represent a strong proof that children with brain tumours are indifferently, at risk of developing neurocognitive impairments after treatment.
Implications for Cancer Survivors We strongly, recommend continuous long term follow up, with regular cerebral imaging and regular neurocognitive assessment for brain tumor survivors.
Healthcare utilization disparities among children in Israel: big data analyses study
Authors: Ghanayem Doaa , Sliman Rim Kasem Ali , Schwartz Naama , Cohen Hilla , Shehadeh Shereen , Pillar Giora
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the differences in healthcare utilization in children in Israel over ten years. While examining the differences between various populations.
Methods
Data were obtained from the Clalit Health Care data warehouse, covering over 250,000 children residing in the Haifa and Western Galilee district. The population groups were categorized based on ethnicity (Jewish vs Arab) and residential settings (urban vs rural).
Results
Healthcare utilization was consistently higher among Jewish children than Arab children, irrespective of the specific dimension analyzed. Additionally, urban-dwelling children exhibited higher usage rates than those residing in rural areas in all investigated dimensions.
However, Jewish children showed significantly lower hospitalization rates than Arab children across all years. No significant differences in hospitalizations were observed between urban and rural children. Notably, the study observed reduced antibiotic usage and hospitalizations over the years for all populations. Furthermore, Arab children and those living in rural environments face reduced accessibility to health care, as evidenced by fewer physician visits, laboratory and imaging tests.
Conclusion
This study highlights the substantial population-based disparities in healthcare utilization among children in Israel, despite the equalizing effect of the national health insurance law. Consequently, it is imperative to address these disparities and implement targeted interventions to enhance healthcare accessibility for Arab children and rural communities. The decline in antibiotic usage and hospitalizations suggests positive trends in pediatric health care, necessitating ongoing efforts to ensure equitable access and quality of care for all populations.
Study of platelet changes in patients admitted in Damascus Hospital with systemic infections
Authors: Akel Razan , Al-Daher Nizar
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Considering the role that platelets play in the pathophysiology of sepsis and inflammation and the fact that platelet assays are very easy and simple laboratory procedures, our study was aimed at evaluating changes in platelet counts, in an attempt to show their clinical significance, so that they can be adopted as one of the criteria for evaluating disease activity and response to treatment.
Methods
A cross-sectional study, the study was conducted in Damascus Hospital on the records of 100 patients from different specialties, between the years 2017 to 2021, where patients over the age of 20 years who were diagnosed with systemic infections according to the septic shock criteria were included.
Results
The study included 100 patients, females (52%) and males (48%). The ages ranged between (20–93) years, with an average of 58 ± 18.3. The largest percentage of cases was in 2018. Most of the cases were admitted to the Internal Thoracic Division. The highest percentage of the final diagnosis was pneumonia (30%). Recovery cases reached (26%), compared to death cases (74%). The results of comparing platelet averages when the patient was admitted to the hospital and during the treatment period with average platelets at mischief or before death were statistically significant (P-value < 0.05), as the average platelet count decreased between these periods.
Conclusion
Platelets are one of the low-cost biomarkers, which many studies have shown to be reliable in the context of diagnosis and management of sepsis cases, therefore, based on the results of our study, we believe that it can be considered as one of the means that guide the management of sepsis, especially in light of low resources.
Bayesian Inference on the Generalized Gamma Distribution based on the Characteristic Prior
Authors: Maswadah M.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, Bayesian inference has been applied to the generalized gamma distribution parameters based on the characteristic prior by utilizing the Fourier transformation of the cumulative distribution function. For comparing the characteristic prior with the informative gamma prior, the mean squared errors and the mean percentage errors for the parameters are studied based on both priors based on symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicated that characteristic prior, which do not contain hyperparameters, are more efficient than informative gamma prior and provide better estimates. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the two priors.
Bayesian Inference on the Generalized Shape-Scale Family based on Kernel Prior
Authors: Maswadah M.
Published: August 2023

In statistical inference, Bayesian inference is widely used in estimating the distribution parameters despite of it is subjective to prior information other than data that produces undesirable conclusions. Thus, the main objective of this paper to apply the Bayes theorem to the conditional distribution of pivotal functions using kernel priors for those pivotal functions. The conditional inference has been used for estimating the generalized shape-scale family parameters, based on a generalized progressive hybrid-censoring scheme, and compared to Bayesian estimates, via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicated that conditional inference is highly efficient and provides better estimates than Bayesian inference using different loss functions. Finally, two real data sets have been given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Pesquisa-ação-formação com jovens rurais: contextos, caminhos e achados
Authors: SOUZA Edeilson Brito de , SANTOS Dione Costa , SANTOS Glauciane Pereira dos , SOUZA Heron Ferreira , SOUZA Antonio José de
Published: August 2023

As juventudes rurais têm tensionado a criação de políticas públicas para se pensar o “campo com gente”, emergindo discussões como a permanência do jovem no campo, Agroecologia, Economia Solidária e Educação do Campo. O objetivo, aqui, é discutir sobre as ações desenvolvidas durante um projeto de iniciação científica focado no fomento de processos formativos com jovens rurais. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa-ação e o público os jovens da comunidade rural Alto Isabel. A intervenção consistiu em: realização de um intercâmbio de experiências e oficinas em territórios educativos do campo; construção de horta coletiva e realização de entrevistas. Os jovens apresentaram forte pertencimento ao campo, mas uma tendência de afastamento com a produção na terra. Assim, torna-se importante a realização de ações formativas que reflitam sobre o projeto de vida dos jovens rurais, abarcando as diferentes possibilidades de trabalhar, profissionalizar e viver no campo.
MRI IMAGING OFPARSONAGE TURNER SYNDROME: A RARE CAUSE OF SHOULDER PAIN
Authors:   All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi., Dan Charan D.M Bheru , Gangwal MD Ashish ,   All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi., Bhandari MD Anu ,   SMS medical College, Jaipur., Jain MD Savyasachi ,   All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Published: August 2023

Parsonage-Turner syndrome is acute idiopathic self-limiting brachial plexitis that presents as shoulder pain. Here we present a case of personage Turner syndrome in a 30-year-old male who has acute onset shoulder pain after a few days of covid vaccination. MRI imaging feature of this disease is important because radiologists may be the first to suggest the diagnosis.
SIMPLE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND MEDICAL USES OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN A NEW ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Thar General Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Saleh H. Alyami Ali , Dakkam Lasloom Munassar ,   King Khalid Hospital Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Hadi Dakkam Lesloum Marzouq ,   Abqaiq General Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Fohid Mohamad Al Mutarid Ali ,   Kubash General Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Hadi Hussein Alyami Saleh ,   Kubash General Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Li Salem Al Batnain Hamad ,   Yadmahgeneral Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Ali Salem Al Batnain Salem ,   Eastern health Cluster- Khobar Health Network, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Published: August 2023

The development of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been founded on the discovery of X-rays, the inception of the Radon transform, and the growth of X-ray digital data acquisition systems and computer knowledge. Dissimilar conventional X-ray imaging (general radiography), CT reconstructs cross-sectional anatomical images of the internal structures according to X-ray attenuation co-efficients (approximate tissue density) for almost every region in the body. This articleappraisals the essential physical principles and practical aspects of the CT scanner, including numerous notable evolutions in CT technology that resulted in the appearance of helical, multidetector, cone beam, portable, dual-energy, and phase-contrast CT, in integrated imaging modalities, such as positronemission- tomographyä¸€CT and single-photon-emission-computed-tomography-CT, and in clinical applications, including image acquisition parameters, CT angiography, image adjustment, versatile image visualizations, volumetric/surface rendering on a computer workstation, radiation treatment planning, and target localization in radiotherapy. The understanding of CT characteristics will provide more effective and accurate patient care in the fields of diagnostics and radiotherapy, and can lead to the improvement of image quality and the optimization of exposure doses.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: ITS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT ON EDUCATION SECTOR
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Science., Pratap Singh Suraj , Kumar Sangeeta ,   Professor, Department of Economics, Dyalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra (U.P).
Published: August 2023

There are many studies and surveys done on digital transformation in different areas like E-Banking, E-Commerce, hospitality, information technology, etc. In the present time, there is a strong need for digitalization in the proper manner with highly digitalized tools and security. The term digitalization means the conversion of physical or paper mode to digital mode. Digitalization plays an important role in the education sector at present, or after the covid-19 pandemic, it shows the replacement of the old education system and policies in schools and colleges. Digitalization brings lots of changes in both positive and negative aspects of students life. E-learning tools make the tutor lecture easier with attractive colorful animation forms, and on the other hand, it also affects students mental and physical health. In this study, we discuss the pillars of digitalization, E-learning platforms, opportunities, challenges, and the future aspect of digitalization in the education sector at the college level.
PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYEES AND THEIR EFFECTS TO WORK PERFORMANCE
Authors: Clarisse Loire M. Mercado Ma.
Published: August 2023

The major problem of the study was to determine the effect of personal and professional characteristics of employees on their work performance. The study made use of a descriptive correlation method of research in which a validated instrument was used primarily as a data-gathering tool. The respondents of the study were the 419 personnel, which was composed of 247 faculty members, 42 academic support, and 130 non-teaching personnel. The data were presented using tables, and the results of the study were tabulated and processed using the Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that the respondents affirmatively proved that personal and professional characteristics do have a significant effect on their work performance. This was shown by the data tabulated that the following indicators showed a significant effect on the work performance Job Classification, Job Status, Educational Qualifications, and Training/Seminars Attended. It may be gleaned from the results that Job Status of the respondents registered the highest effect with work performance. Moreover, the null hypothesis, which stated that personal and professional characteristics do not have an impact on work performance, was rejected.
REHABILITATION OF MAXILLARY DEFECTS IN PARTIAL AND COMPLETE EDENTULOUS ARCHES WITH DEFINITIVE OBTURATORS-A CASE SERIES
Authors: Natung Joram , S. Raj Anjana , Raj Indu
Published: August 2023

Rehabilitation of hemimaxillectomy patients can be challenging. The most common problem with prosthetic treatment in such patients is in getting adequate retention, stability, and support. The size and location of the defect usually influences the amount of impairment and difficulty in prosthetic rehabilitation. The obturator prosthesis is commonly used as an effective means for rehabilitating hemimaxillectomy cases. In this case series prosthetic rehabilitation of a completely edentulous and partially edentulous patients with definitive obturators have been discussed.
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANING AND DISINFECTION PRACTICES ON INFECTION CONTROL OUTCOMES IN SAUDI ARABIAN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Salman Alunazi Naemah , Feheid Alunazi Dalal , Ali Alshalali Abeer
Published: August 2023

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of environmental cleaning and disinfection practices on infection control outcomes in Saudi Arabian healthcare settings. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases to identify relevant studies. After screening, a total of 50 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effect estimate was calculated using the odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure, and a random-effects model was employed to account for heterogeneity among the studies. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between effective environmental cleaning and disinfection practices and a reduced risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) in Saudi Arabian healthcare settings. The calculated pooled odds ratio was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.68 to 0.82), indicating a 25% decrease in the incidence of HAIs following the implementation of evidence-based cleaning protocols. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis provide strong evidence supporting the importance of robust environmental cleaning and disinfection practices in reducing HAIs in Saudi Arabian healthcare settings. These results have significant implications for infection control practices and highlight the need for continued research and targeted interventions to enhance patient safety and improve healthcare outcomes in the country. Healthcare facilities should prioritize evidence-based cleaning protocols to effectively control infections and protect their patient populations.
Modern opportunities for treatment of patients with rectovaginal fistulas: literature review
Authors: Myshentsev P. N. , Katorkin S. E. , Kuzmina A. I.
Published: August 2023

The review is devoted to the most pressing issues of etiology, classification, diagnosis and treatment of rectovaginal fistulas. The psychosocial impact of a rectovaginal fistula on women’s quality of life cannot be overemphasized. The most common causes of rectovaginal fistula are postoperative and obstetric complications, inflammatory bowel disease, complications of radiation therapy, and neoplasms. A combination of advanced imaging techniques, physical examination, and clinical experience can help determine the location and cause of a fistula. The therapeutic options are varied, but the results are often unsatisfactory. In this regard, the choice of a strategy for the treatment of rectovaginal fistulas should be based on etiology, localization and concomitant pathology. Despite the prevalence and serious consequences of rectovaginal fistulas, there is no generally accepted scientifically based approach to surgical treatment. Collaboration between obstetricians-gynecologists and colorectal surgeons, detailed preoperative assessment, consideration of optimal treatment options and correct surgical technique can achieve a successful outcome in most patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate, on the basis of literature sources, the problem of diagnosis and treatment of patients with rectovaginal fistulas and modern possibilities for improving the results of surgical interventions in this pathology. The methodological basis of the analysis was the study of domestic and foreign literature devoted to this problem. Scientific articles were selected for the period 2016–2021, with the largest randomized controlled trials in this area. The article provides an overview of the main management strategies and technical approaches that are currently effective in eliminating this socially disabling condition.
Comparative analysis of extragenital pathology and of comorbidity indices in patients with uterine cancer
Authors: Vinokurova E. A. , Kiseleva M. A. , Ismailova D. K. , Kurmanova Z. F.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Cancer of the uterine body (СU) is a malignant hormone-dependent tumor with age-related characteristics, more common in pre- and postmenopausal women (75%). Comorbid pathology in the structure of acquired diseases is polymodal in nature, which makes it difficult to diagnose somatic pathology, choose tactics for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and prevent complications.

Aim. To study the structure of extragenital pathology, the frequency and severity of comorbidity among the patients with CU using indices (CIRS, Charlson, Kaplan – Feinstein).

Materials and methods. An observational retrospective cross-sectional study using the archival method was carried out, which included 100 women with verified RTM stages I–III. In order to assess the effect of age on the structure and incidence of comorbid pathology, patients were divided into two groups: group I (n = 39) under the age of 55 years, group II (n = 61) – over 55 years.

Results. In the structure of somatic pathology in patients with endometrial cancer in both groups, diseases of the cardiovascular system (64.1% and 91.8%), endocrine system, metabolic disorders (28.2% and 55.7%), organs digestion (28.2% and 24.6%). At the same time, diseases of the cardiovascular system (p < 0.001), endocrine system and metabolic disorders (p < 0.001) statistically significantly prevailed in patients older than 55 years. The average number of nosological forms of somatic pathology was significantly lower in group I (Me – 2), compared with patients in group II (Me – 3, p < 0.05). When using the M. Charlson scale to analyze the frequency of comorbidity in group II, somatic pathology was diagnosed in 100% of cases, which is significantly higher than in group I, and cases with moderate comorbidity predominated more often (2.7 times, higher in group II compared with I) and pronounced comorbidity (10 times). When analyzing the frequency of comorbidity according to the CIRS scale (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric) and the Kaplan – Feinstein index, no significant differences were found in the studied groups.

Conclusion. Patients in the second group were significantly more likely to have arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly more often detected compared to patients in group I. When conducting a comparative characteristic of methods for assessing comorbidity, it was found that the highest level of reliability in the frequency of comorbid pathology was registered when using the M. Charlson scale (p < 0.001).
Receptivity of the endometrium in infertility associated with adenomyosis
Authors: Orazov M. R. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Khamoshina M. B. , Barinova A. K. , Tsaregorodtseva M. V. , Besman I. V. , Ibragimova V. Yu.
Published: August 2023

Violation of the receptivity of the endometrium in adenomyosis can be supported either by pathological processes in the structure of the endometrium, such as an unexpected increase in vascularization and thickness of the endometrial stroma with a violation of the endometrial environment, or a negative effect on implantation, or a change in the expression of enzymes, cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and various genes, such as hypoxia-induced factor 1α, interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-II), IL-8 receptors, CXCR1, CXCR2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), vascular endothelial growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), LIF receptor α, HOXA10 gene, cytochrome P450, aromatase activity, estrogen receptor α, cell adhesion molecules such as integrins, MUC1, pinopods and L-selection. The modern literature data on the receptivity of the endometrium in infertility associated with adenomyosis was analyzed, the etiology and morphofunctional features of the endometrium, its implantation disorders as well as their effects on implantation processes were studied. Infertility is one of the most important and complex medical and social problems in the modern world. Thanks to advances in imaging techniques, there is now increasing evidence that adenomyosis is one of the causes of female infertility. According to studies, adenomyosis was observed in 27% of infertile patients treated with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Adenomyosis is a disease with an unclear etiology, the pathogenesis of the disease identifies several theories, but there is no single correct one, its connection with infertility in women requires further study and depends on many factors, one of which is the receptivity of the endometrium. Treatment of this disease requires a personalized approach for each patient, to achieve the main goal of overcoming infertility.
New coronavirus infection as a risk-factor for the development of tuberculosis: a clinical observation
Authors: Russkikh O. E. , Sysoev P. G. , Kudlay D. A.
Published: August 2023

A new coronavirus infection is an acute viral disease with a primary lesion of the respiratory tract. Morphological changes in the lungs with a new coronavirus infection are characterized by damage to lymphocytes, endotheliocytes, macrophages, monocytes and diffuse lesions of the alveoli with local hemorrhages and accumulation of fluid and fibrin in their lumen and the development of residual changes in the form of fibrosis. The resulting changes in the target organ can lead to the activation of opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis. The clinical observation of the onset of a tuberculous process in a patient who had a new coronavirus infection with residual changes in the lung tissue in the form of fibrosis. Patient I., 30 years old, was admitted to a tuberculosis hospital for examination and treatment. The result of x-ray examination revealed signs of decay in the sixth segment of the lower lobe of the right lung. A positive sputum microscopy result for acid-fast mycobacteria was also obtained. Molecular genetic study of sputum confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From the anamnesis it is known that 5 months ago she suffered a new coronavirus infection, confirmed by a molecular genetic method, with a lesion of the sixth segment of the right lung. At the end of the treatment with COVID-19 were performed computed tomography of the chest organs – residual fibrous changes were noted in the sixth segment of the right lung after pneumonia. This clinical observation showed that the presence of residual fibrotic changes in the lungs after suffering a coronavirus disease in a patient is a risk factor for tuberculosis.
Place of metformin in modern clinical guidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Morgunova T. B. , Glinkina I. V. , Pesheva E. D. , Zorina A. A. , Fadeev V. V.
Published: August 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. To date, for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemic drugs are used that affect different parts of the pathogenesis. Metformin is a biguanide that is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; it is effective as monotherapy and in combination with other glucose-lowering medications. In addition to the treatment of diabetes mellitus, metformin is recommended and widely used for the treatment of prediabetes. Metformin is generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects and is affordable. Metformin is very effective in HbA1c lowering associated with some weight loss, but does not increase risk for hypoglycemia. With the use of metformin in monotherapy, the decrease in HbA1c levels is 1–2%. Despite the appearance in practice of a fairly large number of new, effective glucose-lowering drugs, metformin is still the drug of choice in many cases. And most diabetic associations recommend metformin as a first-line drug. Metformin has demonstrated many positive effects in observational studies in patients with CAD, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. This review presents data on the efficacy and, pleiotropic effects of metformin. Possible adverse events are also discussed, including the risk of low level and deficiency of vitamin B12, gastrointestinal tract adverse events.
The effect of disorders of the microbiota of the genital tract on the development of cervical canal polyps and their correction
Authors: Savchenko T. N. , Ozolinya L. A. , Nasyrova N. N. , Molotilova E. V. , Melnikov A. V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Cervical canal polyps are a common disease in gynecological practice. In the vast majority of cases, cervical polyps are a benign disease, but signs of dysplasia and malignancy can be observed in 0.1–10% of cases. The doctor faces the task of getting rid of the polyp and preventing its recurrence, which is not an easy task, since the etiology and pathogenesis of the development of this disease are not completely clear. There is an opinion about the connection of the occurrence of cervical polyps with inflammation and changes in the microbiota of the female genital organs, hormonal imbalance or a combination of these factors.

Objective. To study the microbiota of the vagina and cervical canal, as well as the hormonal background in women with cervical polyps and to determine whether the appointment of Neo-Penotran Forte is appropriate and effective.

Materials and methods. 84 women of reproductive age (44 – with polyps, 40 – healthy) had a study of the specific and quantitative composition of the microflora of the vagina and cervix and the study of hormonal status with the determination of the level of sex hormones. To correct the identified violations, miconazole + metronidazole was treated.

Results. The data obtained indicated the absence of hormonal disorders in both groups, but the presence of dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal biotope in the group of women with cervical polyps. The frequency of detection of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in patients with cervical polyps was reduced, and opportunistic microorganisms were isolated with greater frequency, some patients had microorganisms that were absent in healthy women. The microbiota of the vagina of the patients after treatment by miconazole + metronidazole corresponded to the normative values.

Conclusion. According to the study, cervical polyps are a disease associated with dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal biotope andt it is hormone-independent. The drug miconazole + metronidazole has proven its effectiveness and safety.
Therapeutic potential of combination herbal medicines in the treatment of cough
Authors: Lapidus N. I.
Published: August 2023

Cough is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical attention. As impaired mucociliary clearance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic cough, much attention is paid to secretomotor and secretolytic therapy in its treatment. Today, medicines that contain medicinal herbs have taken on a special importance. Medicinal components in the herbal mucolytic medicines have a complex effect, which allows to effectively cope with cough at all stages of diseases accompanied by respiratory symptoms. Plantain leaf, coltsfoot leaf, thermopsis grass, ipecac root, marshmallow root, licorice root, anise fruit, thyme (thyme) grass, ivy leaves, primrose roots are among the most common and frequently used components. Bronchipret is one of these well-known herbal medicines which as a syrup contains liquid extracts of thyme herb and ivy leaves and as Bronchipret TP tablets – dry extracts of thyme herb and primrose root. Due to its components, Bronchipret helps normalize production of bronchial secretions, and has an expectorant, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effect. Numerous clinical studies have proven high efficacy and safety of Bronchipret, which makes it possible to recommend it as a drug of choice when children and adults need symptomatic treatment of cough in ARVI with cough.
The use of biofeedback techniques in clinical practice
Authors: Ruzinova V. M. , Dolgopolova Yu. V. , Petelin D. S. , Sorokina O. Yu. , Volel B. A.
Published: August 2023

In the past decades, biofeedback has become a widely adopted non-pharmacological option in the management of a variety of somatic, neurological, and psychiatric conditions. The biofeedback method is based on the associations between one’s vegetative and mental functions; during a session with the device, information about the change in his/her condition over time is “returned” to the patient as accessible audial or visual stimuli. The efficacy of biofeedback treatment may primarily be attributed to improvements in the state of the patients based on establishing an individual model of his/her best psychophysiological state, enabling effective rehabilitation activities at a rate suitable for each patient along with ensuring better awareness of the patient of his/her body functions; such an intervention is stepwise and helps sustain the patient’s motivation for success, thus affecting the pathological condition. This review describes the historical prerequisites for the development of biofeedback techniques and the principal mechanisms of their action; a brief summary of studies looking at the efficacy of this method in various somatic, neurological, and psychiatric conditions is also provided. The presented data clearly indicate that the use of biofeedback results in a decreased medication load in patients suffering from conditions such as arterial hypertension, epilepsy, ADHD, chronic pain, anxiety disorders, autism etc. while there are practically no contraindications for this method, except for acute psychosis, photosensitive epilepsy, and severe cognitive impairment. In this connection, clinical implementation of biofeedback techniques should be intensified in a variety of conditions.