bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La noticia y lo cotidiano
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, ROZAS ELIANA
Published: November 2017

«La cotidianeidad reduce los índices de incertidumbre y alineación informativa del público, al situar los fenómenos en su entorno. Lo conocido permite dimensionar lo desconocido, y, en esa medida, hacerlo también menos temible»
Lo bueno y lo malo del People meter
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, MARTÍNEZ GUSTAVO , MASOT JOSÉ ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: November 2017

¿Resuelve este sistema las necesidades de mediciones precisas y confiables? ¿Qué ocurre con los reemplazos en la muestra, con los rechazos a participar en ella o el comportamiento de los que aceptan? ¿Se trata de sujetos tan disciplinados que aprietan el botoncito correspondiente cada vez que se sientan frente al televisor?
La historia oficial del nuevo Qué Pasa
Authors:   Editor general de revista Qué Pasa. Chile, BOFILL CRISTIÁN
Published: November 2017

«El proyecto se basó en huir del terreno de las "revistas políticas o de opinión". El objetivo era no sólo mantener el público tradicional, sino que también ampliarlo y conquistar a nuevos lectores»
Prévalence des prescriptions psychopharmacologiques aux enfants placés en foyer de groupe et en centre de réadaptation
Authors: Desjardins Julie , Lafortune Denis , Cyr Francine
Published: November 2017

Cette étude présente des données concernant la prévalence des psychopharmacoprescriptions chez les enfants de 6 à 12 ans placés dans les foyers de groupe et centres de réadaptation des Centres jeunesse du Québec. Elle précise les classes de molécules, les motifs de prescription et la formation du médecin prescripteur. L’échantillon comprend 101 enfants placés. Les données ont été obtenues par le biais de questionnaires remplis par les éducateurs et éducatrices responsables de ces derniers. Les résultats indiquent que 70 % des jeunes reçoivent au moins une prescription, le plus souvent signée par des médecins spécialistes. Les ordonnances se composent pour la plupart de psychostimulants et d’antipsychotiques, prescrits pour des troubles de l’attention avec hyperactivité.
Mitochondrial intermediate peptidase is a novel regulator of sirtuin‐3 activation by caloric restriction
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Takeda Kanae , Narita Takumi , Nagai Keita , Okita Naoyuki , Sudo Yuka , Miura Yuri , Tsumoto Hiroki , Nakagawa Yoshimi , Shimano Hitoshi , Higami Yoshikazu
Published: November 2017

Sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial quality and is involved in the anti‐ageing and pro‐longevity actions of caloric restriction (CR). Here, we show that CR upregulates the mature form of SIRT3 and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIPEP), a mitochondrial signal peptidase (MtSPase), in white adipose tissue. We also demonstrate that upregulation of mature SIRT3 is dependent on MIPEP in 3T3‐L1 cells, suggesting that MIPEP may contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial quality during CRvia activation of SIRT3. This novel mechanism of SIRT3 activation through MIPEP facilitates the elucidation of additional molecular pathways of CR.
Uplift, Emergence, and Subsidence of the Gorda Escarpment Basement Ridge Offshore Cape Mendocino, CA
Authors: Hoover Susan M. , Tréhu Anne M.
Published: November 2017

The Gorda Escarpment is a topographic step that characterizes the south side of the Mendocino Transform Fault east of 126oW and forms the northern edge of the Vizcaino Block. Seismic reflection data suggest that the basement beneath the northern edge of the Vizcaino is composed of east‐west trending slivers of oceanic crust that form a 15 km wide band of buried ridges we call the Gorda Escarpment Basement Ridge (GEBR) to distinguish it from the northwest‐trending basement structure that characterizes most of the Vizcaino Block. The history of uplift and subsidence of the GEBR is reconstructed by combining the seismic reflection profiles with age and lithological constraints from ODP Site 1022, gravity cores, and grab samples from the northern face of the Escarpment recovered using a remotely operated vehicle. Uplift of the GEBR began prior to 6 Ma, and it was above sea level 3.7–2.5 Ma. GEBR uplift and emergence coincided with sediment deposition on the southern flank of the GEBR that we interpret as indicative of strong upwelling and turbulence in the lee of a shallow ridge and island chain. A bright reflection, interpreted to be a sill, is observed south of the shallowest part of the GEBR. We speculate that this sill may reflect a larger, hidden intrusion at depth and that thermal expansion of the crust combined with tectonic forces to drive enhanced uplift of this segment of the plate boundary. The GEBR has been subsiding since 2.7 Ma, and its shallowest point is now 1,400 m below sea level.
Biophysical characterization of Atg11, a scaffold protein essential for selective autophagy in yeast
Authors: Suzuki Hironori , Noda Nobuo N.
Published: November 2017

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system in which the formation of an autophagosome is a key event. In budding yeast, autophagosomes are generated from the preautophagosomal structure (PAS), in which Atg11 and Atg17 function as scaffolds essential for selective and nonselective types of autophagy, respectively. Structural studies have been extensively performed on Atg17, but not on Atg11, preventing us from understanding the selective type of the PAS. Here, we purified and characterized Atg11. Biophysical analyses, including analytical ultracentrifugation and CD, showed that Atg11 behaves as an elongated homodimer abundant in α‐helices in solution. Moreover, truncation analyses suggested that Atg11 has a parallel coiled‐coil architecture, in contrast to the antiparallel dimeric architecture of Atg17.
Graphdiyne Quantum Dots for Much Improved Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xisheng , Wang Qian , Jin Zhiwen , Chen Yanhuan , Liu Huibiao , Wang Jizheng , Li Yuliang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: November 2017

Comparing to other carbon materials, the general graphyne structure is much superior in terms of adaptable bandgap, uniformly distributed pores, more design flexibility, easier for chemical synthesis, pliable electronic properties, and smaller atomic density. Herein, novel γ‐graphdiyne quantum dots (GD QDs) are used in perovskite solar cells as a surface modifier or dopant to TiO2, CH3NH3PbI3, and Spiro‐OMeTAD to realize multiple advantageous effects, in hoping that it would form a more effective carrier transport channel for boosted solar cell performance. First, the presence of GD QDs on TiO2 surface increases perovskite grain size for higher current density and fill factor. Second, the GD QDs at each interface reduce the conduction band offset, passivate the surface for suppressed carrier recombination to attain higher open‐circuit voltage. Third, it improves hydrophobicity and eliminates pinholes in the Spiro‐OMeTAD film for enhanced solar cell stability. As a result, the optimized device shows >15% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (from 17.17 to 19.89%) comparing to the reference device. More significantly, the device stability was improved in harsh environment (moist air, UV irradiation, or thermal conditions). It is expected that GD QDs will find their applications in efficient and stable perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
High Thermoelectric Power Factor of High‐Mobility 2D Electron Gas
Authors: Ohta Hiromichi , Kim Sung Wng , Kaneki Shota , Yamamoto Atsushi , Hashizume Tamotsu
Published: November 2017

Thermoelectric conversion is an energy harvesting technology that directly converts waste heat from various sources into electricity by the Seebeck effect of thermoelectric materials with a large thermopower (S), high electrical conductivity (σ), and low thermal conductivity (κ). State‐of‐the‐art nanostructuring techniques that significantly reduce κ have realized high‐performance thermoelectric materials with a figure of merit (ZT = S2∙σ∙T∙κ−1) between 1.5 and 2. Although the power factor (PF = S2∙σ) must also be enhanced to further improve ZT, the maximum PF remains near 1.5–4 mW m−1 K−2 due to the well‐known trade‐off relationship between S and σ. At a maximized PF, σ is much lower than the ideal value since impurity doping suppresses the carrier mobility. A metal‐oxide‐semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOS‐HEMT) structure on an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure is prepared. Applying a gate electric field to the MOS‐HEMT simultaneously modulates S and σ of the high‐mobility electron gas from −490 µV K−1 and ≈10−1 S cm−1 to −90 µV K−1 and ≈104 S cm−1, while maintaining a high carrier mobility (≈1500 cm2 V−1 s−1). The maximized PF of the high‐mobility electron gas is ≈9 mW m−1 K−2, which is a two‐ to sixfold increase compared to state‐of‐the‐art practical thermoelectric materials.
Organic Complementary Inverter Circuits Fabricated with Reverse Offset Printing
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Yoshimura Yudai , Shiwaku Rei , Hayasaka Kazuma , Sekine Tomohito , Okamoto Tomoko , Matsui Hiroyuki , Kumaki Daisuke , Katayama Yoshinori , Tokito Shizuo
Published: November 2017

p‐Type and n‐type organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and complementary inverter circuits with finely patterned electrodes are fabricated by reverse offset printing. The electrodes achieve a channel length of less than 3 µm under optimized printing conditions. High‐performance OTFTs are fabricated using these electrodes and printed p‐type and n‐type organic semiconductors, each achieving a mobility of 0.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a channel length of 50 µm. A complementary inverter circuit fabricated with a stacked OTFT structure is demonstrated using reverse offset printing. The inverter circuits successfully operate at a supply voltage as low as 2.5 V with a high signal gain of 14. These results are expected to contribute greatly to the development of integrated circuits with high‐speed operation using OTFTs.
Doping Polycyclic Aromatics with Boron for Superior Performance in Materials Science and Catalysis
Authors: von Grotthuss Esther , John Alexandra , Kaese Thomas , Wagner Matthias
Published: November 2017

Boron has one valence electron less than a carbon atom and an available vacant pz orbital. The incorporation of sp2‐hybridized boron atoms into the host lattice of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is formally related to oxidative doping. A boron‐containing B‐PAH has an energetically low‐lying LUMO and a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, which renders it a strong Lewis acid/electron acceptor and promotes fluorescence in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Many methods have been developed to access B‐PAHs that are deliberately designed for specific tasks. Herein, we highlight recent breakthroughs in the field of B‐PAH synthesis and the scope of their applications, which range from Lewis acid and redox catalysis to device fabrication. We will also report on the dynamic covalent chemistry of neutral and anionic B‐PAHs, as it is a potential limitation in the design of catalyst systems but can also provide a powerful synthetic tool for the preparation of otherwise inaccessible B‐PAHs.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Crystalline Ag2S Nanoparticles Embedded inside Amorphous Cu2S Matrix for High Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Shi Fangbing , Sun Yu , Liang Qingshuang , Zhang Yuan , Wang Xingli , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua
Published: November 2017

Amorphous materials exhibit distinct physical and chemical properties compared to crystalline or quasi‐crystalline phases, because of their unique atomic arrangements of short‐range order but long‐range disorder. Designing a nanocomposite that contains both crystalline and amorphous phases is a valid approach to fully exploit the effects of each component. In this work, a nanocomposite consisting of crystalline Ag2S nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous Cu2S matrix (Ag2S/a‐Cu2S) is synthesized by a facile one‐pot solvothermal method. This process is achieved by diffusing silver into crystalline Cu2S. The silver is able to diffuse into Cu2S and form crystalline Ag2S nanoparticles inside them, while the crystalline Cu2S is converted into an amorphous phase owing to the silver diffusion. Furthermore, the introduction of nanoscale Ag2S particles into Cu2S improve electrical conductivity. This design of amorphous matrix containing nanocrystalline particles may open up new strategies for the transition from crystalline to amorphous phases of semiconductors.
A comparative study of the binding properties, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitory activity and glucose‐lowering efficacy of the DPP‐4 inhibitors alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin in mice
Authors: Berger Joel P. , SinhaRoy Ranabir , Pocai Alessandro , Kelly Theresa M. , Scapin Giovanna , Gao Ying‐Duo , Pryor Kelly Ann D. , Wu Joseph K. , Eiermann George J. , Xu Shiyao S. , Zhang Xiaoping , Tatosian Daniel A. , Weber Ann E. , Thornberry Nancy A. , Carr Richard D.
Published: November 2017

Aims

Since 2006, DPP‐4 inhibitors have become established therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite sharing a common mechanism of action, considerable chemical diversity exists amongst members of the DPP‐4 inhibitor class, raising the question as to whether structural differences may result in differentiated enzyme inhibition and antihyperglycaemic activity.

Methods

We have compared the binding properties of the most commonly used inhibitors and have investigated the relationship between their inhibitory potency at the level of the enzyme and their acute glucose‐lowering efficacy.

Results

Firstly, using a combination of published crystal structures and in‐house data, we demonstrated that the binding site utilized by all of the DPP‐4 inhibitors assessed was the same as that used by neuropeptide Y, supporting the hypothesis that DPP‐4 inhibitors are able to competitively inhibit endogenous substrates for the enzyme. Secondly, we ascertained that the enzymatic cleft of DPP‐4 is a relatively large cavity which displays conformational flexibility to accommodate structurally diverse inhibitor molecules. Finally, we found that for all inhibitors, irrespective of their chemical structure, the inhibition of plasma DPP‐4 enzyme activity correlates directly with acute plasma glucose lowering in mice.

Conclusion

The common binding site utilized by different DPP‐4 inhibitors enables similar competitive inhibition of the cleavage of the endogenous DPP‐4 substrates. Furthermore, despite chemical diversity and a range of binding potencies observed amongst the DPP‐4 inhibitors, a direct relationship between enzyme inhibition in the plasma and glucose lowering is evident in mice for each member of the classes studied.
Content of Erucic Acid in Edible Oils and Mustard by Quantitative 13C NMR
Authors: Kok Wai‐Ming , Mainal Azizah , Chuah Cheng‐Hock , Cheng Sit‐Foon
Published: November 2017

High content of erucic acid in foods and edible oils is a major concern. The excessive consumption of erucic acid has been linked to heart diseases. Therefore, accurate, rapid, and direct analysis of the erucic acid content is particularly crucial. However, most of the analytical methods involve time‐consuming sample preparation and chromatography analyses. As a result, quantitative 13C NMR is developed and the total content of erucic acid in a wide variety of edible oils and mustard products are analyzed within 58 min. Meanwhile, the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and mustard products can be done effortlessly. An additional peak, namely, erucic acid peak is detected at 173.19 ppm has not been reported previously. Apart from that, the detection limit of erucic acid (0.98% [m m−1]) and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9977) both are investigated by the current method. The total content of erucic acid shows an excellent quantitative relation between reference method (gas chromatography) and quantitative 13C NMR. In this study, mustard oil and few mustard products exceed the permitted maximum levels established for erucic acid (European Union: 5%, United State: 2%).

Practical Applications: Erucic acid in mustard products and edible oils are determined. The excessive consumption of erucic acid can cause some healthy problems. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the tolerable intake of erucic acid. The results of this study can be applied to monitor and quantify the erucic acid content quickly in a wide variety of edible oils and mustard products without any laborious chemical derivatization prior to the analysis.

Quick determination and quantification of erucic acid in dietary oils including mustard and its products, is achieved using quantitative 13C NMR. Besides that, regiospecific data of the oisl and products are also available from the same analysis.
Nutritional, physicochemical, and functional properties of protein concentrate and isolate of newly‐developed Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L.) cultivars
Authors: Adeleke Olaposi R. , Adiamo Oladipupo Q. , Fawale Olumide S.
Published: November 2017

Bambara groundnut is an indigenous African vegetable grown mainly for human food and animal feed due to its high protein content. Different factors like varieties and origin can influence the chemical composition of Bambara groundnut cultivars. Therefore, the aims of this study are to produce defatted flour and protein concentrate from newly developed Bambara groundnut cultivars [Accessions No: TVSU 5 – Bambara Groundnut White (BGW) and TVSU 146 – Bambara Groundnut Brown (BGB)] and compare their nutritional, physicochemical, and functional properties with market sample [Bambara groundnut commercial (BGC)]. Higher protein content was observed in BGW (20.73%) and BGB (20.14%) as compared to BGC (18.50%). Also, the fat and ash contents of BGB and BGW were higher than that of BGC. Also, the new varieties were found to contain higher levels of some essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids. The concentration of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic, ascorbic acids, pyrodoxine, alpha tocopherol, and vitamin K were also significantly higher in the two new varieties. The new varieties were good sources of magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, sodium, and potassium. The oil and water absorption and swelling capacities of whole, defatted, and protein concentrate flour of the new varieties increase with increase in temperature. The defatted flour and protein concentrate of brown Bambara groundnut was found to exhibit high emulsifying activity and stability at different pH's and salt concentrations. The new varieties possess significantly higher foaming capacity and stability than the commercial variety. The results obtained from this study have shown the potential for the industrial and household use of the new Bambara groundnut cultivars into shelf stable protein products and could be a useful ingredient in food formulations.
Case report of male child with elevated lipoprotein (a) leading to acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Moriarty Patrick M. , Tennant Heather , Sehar Nandhini , Denney Lauryn , Luna Paola , Perez‐Marques Francesca , Panchal Apurva , Abraham Michael , Leever John
Published: November 2017

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in children is rare with almost 40% diagnosed as cryptogenic. One possible mechanism associated with AIS is an elevated Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] level. Here, we discuss the case of an 11‐year old boy who presented with multiple thrombotic strokes secondary to elevated Lp(a), which was identified as the only risk factor and immediately treated with lipoprotein apheresis (LA). Eighteen months post‐AIS, he is still receiving LA treatments and has made remarkable progress in his recovery without another cerebrovascular event.
Blood Flow Changes in Subsynovial Connective Tissue on Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Before and After Surgical Decompression
Authors: Motomiya Makoto , Funakoshi Tadanao , Ishizaka Kinya , Nishida Mutsumi , Matsui Yuichiro , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Although qualitative alteration of the subsynovial connective tissue in the carpal tunnel is considered to be one of the most important factors in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), little information is available about the microcirculation in the subsynovial connective tissue in patients with CTS. The aims of this study were to use contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (US) to evaluate blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue proximal to the carpal tunnel in patients with CTS before and after carpal tunnel release.

Methods

The study included 15 volunteers and 12 patients with CTS. The blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue and the median nerve was evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively using contrast‐enhanced US.

Results

The blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue was higher in the patients with CTS than in the volunteers. In the patients with CTS, there was a significant correlation between the blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue and the median nerve (P = .01). The blood flow in both the subsynovial connective tissue and the median nerve increased markedly after carpal tunnel release.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that increased blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue may play a role in the alteration of the microcirculation within the median nerve related to the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CTS. The increase in the blood flow in the subsynovial connective tissue during the early postoperative period may contribute to the changes in intraneural circulation, and these changes may lead to neural recovery.
Meta‐analysis of induction chemotherapy as a selection marker for chemoradiation in the head and neck
Authors: Kiong Kimberley L. , de Souza Nurun Nisa , Sultana Rehena , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna
Published: November 2017

Objective

Many trials incorporate induction chemotherapy (IC) in selecting for organ preservation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, few studies examine IC response in predicting for chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response. This meta‐analysis aims to determine the predictive accuracy of IC for subsequent response to CRT and overall survival (OS).

Data sources

Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane register.

Methods

A systematic search identified studies from database inception to October 2016 that used IC prior to CRT as definitive treatment for advanced HNSCC. The sensitivities and specificities of IC response predicting for complete CRT response were calculated, and the results were pooled in a summary receiver operating curve. One‐, 2‐ and 5‐year OS data were extracted.

Results

Seven studies (n = 423 patients) were analyzed for response and six (n = 439) for OS. Pooled median sensitivity and specificity of IC response predicting CRT response were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.98) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.00–0.61), respectively. Patients were more likely to respond to CRT given previous response to IC (positive likelihood ratio = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.21–2.11) and less likely to respond to CRT if they failed to respond to IC (negative likelihood ratio = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07–0.38). At 2 years, good response to IC was a statistically significant prognostic marker with a risk ratio of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.12–1.64).

Conclusion

Our data suggests that patients with poor IC response will have poorer response to CRT and should be directed to other modalities. In contrast, good IC response does not guarantee a favorable outcome to CRT; however, because these patients are likely to have better prognoses, they should be offered salvage therapies of curative intent despite treatment failure.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:1594–1601, 2018
Synthesis of Two Well‐Defined Quadruple‐Stranded Copolymers having Two Kinds of Backbones by Postpolymerization of a Helical Template Polymer
Authors: Zang Yu , Aoki Toshiki , Tanagi Hiroyoki , Matsui Kana , Teraguchi Masahiro , Kaneko Takashi , Ma Liqun , Jia Hongge , Shinohara Ken‐ichi
Published: November 2017

A brand new, soluble quadruple‐stranded copolymer is synthesized by using a self‐template polymer from a new monomer. In addition, another very unique quadruple‐stranded copolymer having a π−π stacking supramolecular polymer main chain is synthesized by selective photocyclic aromatization of the quadruple‐stranded copolymer. The two quadruple‐stranded copolymers gave self‐standing membranes.
Double thermoresponsive block–random copolymers with adjustable phase transition temperatures: From block‐like to gradient‐like behavior
Authors: Eggers Steffen , Eckert Tilman , Abetz Volker
Published: November 2017

Stimuli‐responsive block–random copolymers are very useful “smart” materials as their switching behavior can be tuned by simply adjusting the composition of the random copolymer block. Because of that, we synthesized double thermoresponsive poly(N‐acryloylpyrrolidine)‐block‐poly(N‐acryloylpiperidine‐co‐N‐acryloylpyrrolidine) (PAPy‐b‐P(APi‐co‐APy)) copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and investigated their temperature‐induced self‐assembly in aqueous solution. By varying the APi/APy ratio in the random copolymer block, its phase transition temperature (PTT1) can indeed be precisely adjusted while the temperature‐induced collapse upon heating leads to a fully reversible well‐defined micellization. By making the two blocks compositionally similar to more than 60%, the polymers' mechanistic thermoresponsiveness can furthermore be changed from block‐like to rather gradient‐like behavior. This means the micellization onset at PTT1 and the corona collapse at the PTT of the more hydrophilic pure PAPy block (PTT2) overlap resulting in one single broad transition. This work thus contributes to the detailed understanding of design, synthesis and mechanistic behavior of tailored “on‐demand” switchable materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 399–411
Direct Observation of High Current Density Area by Microscopic Electroluminescence Mapping in Vertical GaN p–n Junction Diodes
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Ohta Hiroshi , Horikiri Fumimasa , Narita Yoshinobu , Yoshida Takehiro , Mishima Tomoyoshi
Published: November 2017

This paper presents electroluminescence intensity mapping on a p–n junction plane of vertical GaN diodes under forward‐biased conditions for the first time. By this mapping, it has been discovered that current crowding existed, corresponding to the naturally formed surface stripes on epitaxial layers grown on freestanding GaN substrates. Detailed analyses by AFM and TOF‐SIMS clarified that the concentration of doped Mg acceptors on one slope of the stripe was higher than that on the other slope. The higher Mg‐concentration region should have lower electric resistance, which would cause the current crowding. By improving the surface flatness, the current crowding was suppressed and a low specific on‐resistance was obtained.
Na‐Cation‐Assisted Exfoliation of MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) Nanosheets in an Aqueous Medium with the Aid of a Polymeric Surfactant for Flexible Polymer‐Nanocomposite Memory Applications
Authors: Yeon Changbong , Yun Sun Jin , Yang Junjae , Youn Doo‐Hyeb , Lim Jung Wook
Published: November 2017

2D nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been attracting attention due to their sizable band gap. Facile and effective Na‐cation‐assisted exfoliation of TMDC (MX2, M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) nanosheets in an aqueous medium and their application as a composite filler in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix are explored in this work. The presence of Na cations is highly beneficial for exfoliating defect‐free and few‐layer MX2 nanosheets in water in the presence of small‐sized micelles of polymeric surfactant, and significantly elevates the exfoliation yield by more than one order of magnitude compared to a conventional surfactant‐assisted exfoliation. The strategy suggested in this work is very advantageous compared to both Li cation intercalation in organic solvents and conventional low‐yield surfactant‐assisted exfoliations. As an application of the exfoliated nanosheets, the fabrication of memory devices with the configuration of Ga‐doped ZnO/MX2–PVA/Ag is demonstrated, and they exhibit bistable and write‐once‐read‐many‐times resistive switching behavior with a high ON/OFF current ratio of 3 × 103 at −1.0 V (for WS2) and 2.0 V (for MoS2). Furthermore, MX2–PVA nanocomposite fibrous films and mats are successfully fabricated using an electrospinning technique, which can expand the use of TMDC nanofillers in applications involving highly flexible polymer‐based MX2 composites.
Discrete gravity on random tensor network and holographic Rényi entropy
Authors: Han Muxin , Huang Shilin
Published: November 2017

Abstract

In this paper we apply the discrete gravity and Regge calculus to tensor networks and Anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. We construct the boundary many-body quantum state |Ψ〉 using random tensor networks as the holographic mapping, applied to the Wheeler-deWitt wave function of bulk Euclidean discrete gravity in 3 dimensions. The entanglement Rényi entropy of |Ψ〉 is shown to holographically relate to the on-shell action of Einstein gravity on a branch cover bulk manifold. The resulting Rényi entropy S

n
of |Ψ〉 approximates with high precision the Rényi entropy of ground state in 2-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). In particular it reproduces the correct n dependence. Our results develop the framework of realizing the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence on random tensor networks, and provide a new proposal to approximate the CFT ground state.
Zγ production at NNLO including anomalous couplings
Authors: Campbell John M. , Neumann Tobias , Williams Ciaran
Published: November 2017

Abstract

In this paper we present a next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD calculation of the processes pp → l
+
l
−γ and

$$ pp\to \nu \overline{\nu}\gamma $$

pp
→
ν

ν
¯

γ

that we have implemented in MCFM. Our calculation includes QCD corrections at NNLO both for the Standard Model (SM) and additionally in the presence of Zγγ and ZZγ anomalous couplings. We compare our implementation, obtained using the jettiness slicing approach, with a previous SM calculation and find broad agreement. Focusing on the sensitivity of our results to the slicing parameter, we show that using our setup we are able to compute NNLO cross sections with numerical uncertainties of about 0.1%, which is small compared to residual scale uncertainties of a few percent. We study potential improvements using two different jettiness definitions and the inclusion of power corrections. At

$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$

s

=
13

TeV we present phenomenological results and consider Zγ as a background to H → Zγ production. We find that, with typical cuts, the inclusion of NNLO corrections represents a small effect and loosens the extraction of limits on anomalous couplings by about 10%.
State Court Papers in the United States: A 50-State Guide
Authors: Gaskill William
Published: November 2017

This study grew out of my on-the-job blogging. At both the Charleston School of Law and the J. Rueben Clark Law School, I read every opinion from the state and federal appellate courts with jurisdiction over South Carolina and Utah respectively, summarizing the binding authority and posting those summaries online at the Barrister blog and the Binding the Law blog. This has served as excellent current awareness and bar preparation service to the law school communities and a research tool to the legal community generally.
Investigating a Rock Art Site in Paraná State, South of Brazil
Authors: Lopes Fábio , Parellada Cláudia , Gomes Paulo , Appoloni Carlos , Macario Kita , Carvalho Carla , Linares Roberto , Pessenda Luiz
Published: November 2017

Jaguariaíva 1 is a sandstone rockshelter located in Jaguariaíva, Paraná State, Brazil, with rock art on the surface of the walls and ceiling. A stratigraphic analysis of the soil within the shelter showed six occupational layers and a superficial disturbed layer with evidence from the end of the 19th century. The establishment of a rock-art chronology became possible using fallen painted rock sections incorporated into three sedimentary levels underlying this rock shelter. These show superimpositions of several pictures of differently sized animals, such as deer, and lattice motifs, which are generally associated with the Planalto rock art tradition. The chronological study was performed based on radiocarbon (14C) analysis of charcoal collected from six excavated subsurface archaeological contexts. The two oldest layers, associated with hunters and gatherers of the Umbu tradition, were dated to 7680–7516 cal BP and 6913–6656 cal BP. There are four occupational layers from ceramists and farmers related to the south Jê linguistic family, and linked to the Itararé-Taquara archaeological tradition: layer 3 linked to the oldest of such occupation, dated to 3058–2796 cal BP, followed by layer 4, dated to 2080–1701 cal BP. Layers 5 and 6, dated to 1995–1526 cal BP and 540–152 cal BP, respectively.
An Index of the Yields of Junk Bonds, 1910–1955
Authors: Basile Peter , Kang Sung Won , Landon-Lane John , Rockoff Hugh
Published: November 2017

We present a new monthly index of the yields on junk bonds (high risk, high yield bonds) for the period 1910–1955. This index supplements the indexes of government bond yields, and Aaa and Baa corporate bond yields economic historians have relied on previously to describe the long-term risk spectrum. First, we describe our sources and methods. Then we show that our junk bond index contains information that is not in the closest alternative, and suggest some ways that the junk bond index could be used to enrich our understanding of the turbulent middle years of the twentieth century.
Publishing Nations: Technology Acquisition and Language Standardization for European Ethnic Groups
Authors: Sasaki Yu
Published: November 2017

This article examines the causes and variation of language standardization across European ethnic groups from a historical perspective. Although language has long garnered interest in the study of ethnicity and nationalism, how language becomes standardized has yet to be offered. In this article, I argue that the acquisition of the printing press is critical to explaining the occurrence and variation of standardization. Using the first publication of vernacular dictionaries as a proxy for standardization, I present a systematic investigation of the standardization process for 171 ethnic groups in Europe from 1400–2000ce.Empirical tests come from an original data set that collects information on political, economic, and social dimensions. Findings from event history models show that (1) printing press adoption is positively and significantly correlated with vernacular dictionaries; and (2) early adopters are more likely to standardize vernaculars than latecomers.
A study of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Mofatteh M R , Shahabian Moghaddam F , Yousefi M , Namaei M H
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To assess the frequency of bacterial agents in chronic suppurative otitis media and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates among patients.

Methods:

A total of 185 patients clinically diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media were interviewed and middle-ear effusion samples were collected using sterile swabs. All bacterial isolates were identified by conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion.

Results:

Staphylococci spp. (64.9 per cent) were the most prevalent bacteria isolated, followed by Klebsiella spp. (12.9 per cent) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3 per cent). The most effective antibiotic for treatment of bacterial chronic suppurative otitis media was ciprofloxacin. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in bacterial infestations among chronic suppurative otitis media patients and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates based on gender and age (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our findings highlight the importance of a continuous and periodic evaluation of the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in chronic suppurative otitis media patients for efficacious treatment of the infection.
Endoscopic ear surgery in the ear camp setting; forward thinking or folly?
Authors: Clark M P A
Published: November 2017

Background:

Endoscopic ear surgery is becoming an accepted technique in otological surgery, in the management of chronic otitis media.

Methods:

The technique was introduced to the humanitarian care setting of an ear camp in Nepal to consider the appropriateness of the technique in this type of clinical setting.

Results:

Fifteen cases of myringoplasty were successfully completed.

Conclusion:

The apparent advantages of the endoscopic approach over the traditional microscopic one were the ease of transporting the equipment and the optimal view obtained of the tympanic membrane. The ability for pathology and operative technique to be observed equally well by the surgeon and local staff was helpful for teaching, and enables a move towards self-sufficiency of care. Easy image capture also has potential for remote telemedicine applications.
The debate continues: a prospective, randomised, single-blind study comparing Coblation and bipolar tonsillectomy techniques
Authors: Wiltshire D , Cronin M , Lintern N , Fraser-Kirk K , Anderson S , Barr R , Bennett D , Bond C
Published: November 2017

Objectives:

Tonsillectomy is a common procedure with significant post-operative pain. This study was designed to compare post-operative pain, returns to a normal diet and normal activity, and duration of regular analgesic use in Coblation and bipolar tonsillectomy patients.

Methods:

A total of 137 patients, aged 2–50 years, presenting to a single institution for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were recruited. Pain level, diet, analgesic use, return to normal activity and haemorrhage data were collected.

Results:

Coblation tonsillectomy was associated with significantly less pain than bipolar tonsillectomy on post-operative days 1 (p= 0.005), 2 (p= 0.006) and 3 (p= 0.010). Mean pain scores were also significantly lower in the Coblation group (p= 0.039). Coblation patients had a significantly faster return to normal activity than bipolar tonsillectomy patients (p< 0.001).

Conclusion:

Coblation tonsillectomy is a less painful technique compared to bipolar tonsillectomy in the immediate post-operative period and in the overall post-operative period. This allows a faster return to normal activity and decreased analgesic requirements.
Characteristic pro-inflammatory cytokines and host defence cathelicidin peptide produced by human monocyte-derived macrophages infected withNeospora caninum
Authors: Boucher E. , Marin M. , Holani R. , Young-Speirs M. , Moore D.M. , Cobo E.R.
Published: November 2017

Neospora caninumis a coccidian intracellular protozoan capable of infecting a wide range of mammals, although severe disease is mostly reported in dogs and cattle. Innate defences triggered by monocytes/macrophages are key in the pathogenesis of neosporosis, as these cells are first-line defenders against intracellular infections. The aim of this study was to characterize infection and innate responses in macrophages infected withN. caninumusing a well-known cell model to study macrophage functions (human monocyte THP-1 cells). Intracellular invasion of live tachyzoites occurred as fast as 4 h (confirmed with immunofluorescence microscopy usingN. caninum-specific antibodies). Macrophages infected byN. caninumhad increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ). Interestingly,N. caninuminduced expression of host-defence peptides (cathelicidins), a mechanism of defence never reported forN. caninuminfection in macrophages. The expression of cytokines and cathelicidins in macrophages invaded byN. caninumwas mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK 1/2). Secretion of such innate factors fromN. caninum-infected macrophages reduced parasite internalization and promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in naïve macrophages. We concluded that rapid invasion of macrophages byN. caninumtriggered protective innate defence mechanisms against intracellular pathogens.
Experiencing Responsive Technology in a Mixed Work: Interactive music as embodied and situated activity
Authors: Einarsson Anna
Published: November 2017

How is performing with responsive technology in a mixed work experienced by performers, and how may the notion of embodied cognition further our understanding of this interaction? These questions are addressed here analysing accounts from singers performing the author’s mixed work Metamorphoses (2015). Combining semi-structured interviews and inspiration from Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, questions concerning the ‘self’ when listening, singing, moving and relating to fellow musicians, as well as the relationship towards the computer, are explored. The results include a notion of the computer as neither separated nor detached but both, and highlight the importance of the situation, including not only the here and now but also social and cultural dimensions. The discussion emphasises the role of sensorimotor interaction and bodily experience in human meaning-making.
Morphology of the Amorphous: Spatial texture, motion and words
Authors: Nyström Erik
Published: November 2017

On reflection upon my own experience as a composer in theory and practice, I find that terms not only define but also propose. In finding words for spatial texture, I have discovered that spatial texture itself is always proposing: motion of sound suggests texture of space. The texture of space creates an elusive materiality. Form is no better than formlessness.
Ryoki Ikeda and the Prioritising of Space over Time in Musical Discourse
Authors: Collis Adam
Published: November 2017

No art form so rigorously organises time as music. Whereas all art in some sense exists in time, music could be said to be of time. This article, however, questions implicit assumptions about the fundamental nature of time to music. In contrast, an alternative approach to the discourse of composition and analysis is proposed in which space rather than time is privileged. Russolo, Stockhausen, Cage and Agostino Di Scipio are cited as historical precedents where the status of time in music is questioned but a more detailed consideration is given to Ryoji Ikeda, a contemporary sound-art practitioner who, it is argued, represents a turn towards the privileging of space in contemporary music practice. This article argues that an approach to composition that implicitly accepts the primacy of time tends to privilege sounds that are more easily described symbolically, such as notated pitched sounds or materials with clear spectromorphological design. In contrast, an approach that places greater concern with the work in space facilitates the greater use of materials that could be considered ‘noise’, in the sense of both a broadband spectrum and signal disruption.
Imazethapyr plus Propanil Mixtures in Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice
Authors: Webster Eric P. , Teló Gustavo M. , Blouin David C. , McKnight Benjamin M.
Published: November 2017

A study was conducted in three locations in Louisiana to evaluate interactions of imazethapyr at 0 and 70 g ai ha−1mixed with propanil at 0, 1,120, 2,240, 3,360, and 4,480 g ha−1for the control of red rice, barnyardgrass, and hemp sesbania. According to Blouin’s modified Colby’s, a synergistic response occurred for red rice treated with imazethapyr mixed with propanil at 4,480 g ha−1for all evaluations. Observed control was 93% to 95% compared with expected control of 81% to 87%. An antagonistic response occurred for barnyardgrass control with imazethapyr mixed with propanil at 1,120 g ha−1at 35 and 49 d after treatment (DAT), with control of 75% and 64%, respectively, compared with expected control of 89% and 78%. However, a neutral response occurred for barnyardgrass control when treated with all other imazethapyr plus propanil combinations. An antagonistic interaction occurred for hemp sesbania when treated with imazethapyr plus propanil at 3,360 and 4,480 g ha−1at 21 DAT with an observed control of 89% compared with an expected control of 96%; however, a neutral response occurred at all other evaluation dates. An increase in rice yield was observed with an imazethapyr plus propanil at 4,480 g ha−1mixture compared with a single application of imazethapyr or propanil at any rate evaluated.
Hydrodenitrogenation of pyridines and quinolines at a multinuclear titanium hydride framework
Authors: Hu Shaowei , Luo Gen , Shima Takanori , Luo Yi , Hou Zhaomin
Published: November 2017

Investigation of the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of aromaticN-heterocycles such as pyridines and quinolines at the molecular level is of fundamental interest and practical importance, as this transformation is essential in the industrial petroleum refining on solid catalysts. Here, we report the HDN of pyridines and quinolines by a molecular trinuclear titanium polyhydride complex. Experimental and computational studies reveal that the denitrogenation of a pyridine or quinoline ring is easier than the ring-opening reaction at the trinuclear titanium hydride framework, which is in sharp contrast with what has been reported previously. Hydrolysis of the pyridine-derived nitrogen-free hydrocarbon skeleton at the titanium framework with H2O leads to recyclization to afford cyclopentadiene with the generation of ammonia, while treatment with HCl gives the corresponding linear hydrocarbon products and ammonium chloride. This work has provides insights into the mechanistic aspects of the hydrodenitrogenation of an aromaticN-heterocycle at the molecular level.
Multi-scale magnetic mapping of serpentinite carbonation
Authors: Tominaga Masako , Beinlich Andreas , Lima Eduardo A. , Tivey Maurice A. , Hampton Brian A. , Weiss Benjamin , Harigane Yumiko
Published: November 2017

Peridotite carbonation represents a critical step within the long-term carbon cycle by sequestering volatile CO2 in solid carbonate. This has been proposed as one potential pathway to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas release. Most of our current understanding of reaction mechanisms is based on hand specimen and laboratory-scale analyses. Linking laboratory-scale observations to field scale processes remains challenging. Here we present the first geophysical characterization of serpentinite carbonation across scales ranging from km to sub-mm by combining aeromagnetic observations, outcrop- and thin section-scale magnetic mapping. At all scales, magnetic anomalies coherently change across reaction fronts separating assemblages indicative of incipient, intermittent, and final reaction progress. The abundance of magnetic minerals correlates with reaction progress, causing amplitude and wavelength variations in associated magnetic anomalies. This correlation represents a foundation for characterizing the extent and degree of in situ ultramafic rock carbonation in space and time.