bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Five-Robot System with Early Warning Function
Authors: Qiao Xing , Ma Dan , Guo Shuang
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of robotic technologies has demonstrated the significant potential of Multi-Robot Systems (MRS) for application across various fields, particularly in automation, manufacturing, and rescue operations. However, enhancing the reliability of Multi-Robot Systems, particularly in critical applications, has emerged as a primary focus of research. A mathematical model of a five-robot system, equipped with early warning capabilities, is developed using Markov process theory and the supplementary variable method in this paper. A model of an abstract Cauchy problem system is developed, employing semigroup theory to investigate the well-posedness of solutions for this five-robot system. The stability of the system is verified using analytical methods, confinal correlation theory, and modern functional analysis techniques. Several key reliability indicators are presented using the eigenvector method. Numerical simulations and comparative methods effectively demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed eigenvector method. Firstly, the innovation of this paper lies in the combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses to improve and enrich the theory and methods of repairable systems. Secondly, mathematical analysis methods and the mathematical software are employed to provide both analytical and numerical solutions for the system.
What Do We Know About Non-Native, Invasive, and Transplanted Aquatic Mollusks in South America?
Authors: Darrigran Gustavo , Belz Carlos , Carranza Alvar , Collado Gonzalo A. , Correoso Modesto , Fabres Alejandra A. , Gutiérrez Gregoric Diego E. , Lodeiros César , Pastorino Guido , Penchaszadeh Pablo E. , Salvador Rodrigo B. , Santos Sonia , Thiengo Silvana , Damborenea Cristina
Published: February 2025

Global awareness of introduced species as one of the primary drivers of biodiversity change—causing environmental impacts, and economic and social effects—emphasizes the need to enhance our understanding of these species. Developing a comprehensive database will enable policymakers to identify global bioinvasion patterns and strengthen their capacity to manage them effectively. Aquatic mollusks play a crucial role in the ecosystems they inhabit, influencing food webs and nutrient cycling, and habitat formation and modification. They are also the dominant group in aquaculture, contributing significantly to the economy while also causing economic losses through macrofouling and posing health risks. Despite their importance, information on the introduction, establishment, and dispersal of mollusk species in South America remains scarce and is often confined to the grey literature. With the aim of organizing, increasing, and strengthening the knowledge of non-native and transplanted mollusks in general and aquatic mollusks in particular, 29 specialists in the introduced mollusks of South America, from seven countries, have been working collaboratively since 2016. Each member contributes expertise, data, and bibliographic resources to build the status of the introduced mollusks in South America and provide critical information to prevent future introductions and transplants. In aquatic environments, 41 non-native mollusk species and 18 transplanted species have been identified. Among them, the bivalve Limnoperna fortunei stands out with the greatest economic effect, while the gastropods Lymnaeidae and Thiaridae represent significant health concerns. Although this research represents a major step forward, it also highlights challenges such as the scarcity of taxonomic studies and the limited investigation of vast areas in South America. The information compiled in this review serves as a resource for researchers, policymakers, and the general public when addressing mollusk bioinvasions in South America.
The 31P Spectral Modulus (PSM) as an Assay of Metabolic Status
Authors: Greiner Jack V. , Snogren Tamara I. , Glonek Thomas
Published: February 2025

The phosphorus-31 (31P) spectral modulus (PSM) is a measure of the metabolic status of cells, tissues, and organs. The PSM can be calculated from 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectra obtained from cell, tissue, or organ preparations. These 31P NMR spectra can be a measure of intact living cells, tissues, or organs, or appropriate biochemical extracts of such preparations. The 31P NMR spectrum is comprised of signals derived from organophosphate metabolites that resonate from 10 δ to −25 δ on the phosphorus chemical shift δ scale. The PSM is the ratio of the high-energy phosphate to that of the low-energy phosphate spectral integrals. These integrals may be conveniently grouped into high-energy and low-energy spectral regions, respectively, into 31P chemical shifts located between −0.13 δ to −25 δ and between 10 δ to −0.13 δ. High-energy phosphates are typically described as providing the energy necessary for the activity of cellular metabolism; chemically, they contain one or more phosphate anhydride bonds. This study demonstrates that, (1) in general, the higher the metabolic activity, the higher the PSM, and (2) the modulus calculation does not require a highly resolved 31P spectrum and can be calculated solely from the integral. The PSM was calculated among cells, tissues, and organs considered normal, diseased, and stressed. In diseased (mean 1.29 ± 0.73) and stressed (mean 1.23 ± 0.75) cells, tissues, and organs, PSM values are typically low or low relative to normal cells, tissues, or organs (mean 1.65 ± 0.90), following time-course measurements, in dynamic decline. The PSM is useful in determining the metabolic status of cells, tissues, or organs and can be employed as a calculable numeric assay for determining health status statically or over time. Calculation of the PSM can be carried out with spectra of low signal-to-noise; it relies on the minimal resolution required to detect an integral curve having a clear spectral integral inflection point at ca. −0.13 δ. Detection of an integral curve alone enables the calculation of a PSM even at levels of phosphorus concentration so low as to prevent detection of the individual or groups of metabolites, such as with in vivo or ex vivo cell, tissue, or organ determinations. This study (1) presents the foundations and fundamentals of the PSM, a living index of tissue metabolic health, and (2) demonstrates the use of spectral scan analysis in opening new vistas of biology and medicine for measuring the metabolic status of stressed and diseased tissues at a range of detectable levels for monitoring therapeutic interventions.
Quinazolinones as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Action Mechanisms
Authors: Deng Zhijiang , Li Jieming , Zhu Pengbo , Wang Jie , Kong Yuanfang , Hu Yulong , Cai Juntao , Dong Chunhong
Published: February 2025

Quinazolinones, essential quinazoline derivatives, exhibit diverse biological activities with applications in pharmaceuticals and insecticides. Some derivatives have already been developed as commercial drugs. Given the rising cancer incidence, there is a critical need for new anticancer agents, and quinazolinones show promising potential in this domain. The present review focuses on novel advances in the synthesis of these important scaffolds and other medicinal aspects involving drug design, the structure–activity relationship, and action mechanisms of quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives, to help in the development of new quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives.
Effects of Explicit Knowledge and Attentional-Perceptual Processing on the Ability to Recognize Fear and Surprise
Authors: Michaud Mylène , Roy-Charland Annie , Perron Mélanie
Published: February 2025

When participants are asked to identify expressed emotions from pictures, fear is often confused with surprise. The present study explored this confusion by utilizing one prototype of surprise and three prototypes of fear varying as a function of distinctive cues in the fear prototype (cue in the eyebrows, in the mouth or both zones). Participants were presented with equal numbers of pictures expressing surprise and fear. Eye movements were monitored when they were deciding if the picture was fear or surprise. Following each trial, explicit knowledge was assessed by asking the importance (yes vs. no) of five regions (mouth, nose, eyebrows, eyes, cheeks) in recognizing the expression. Results revealed that fear with both distinctive cues was recognized more accurately, followed by the prototype of surprise and fear with a distinctive cue in the mouth at a similar level. Finally, fear with a distinctive cue in the eyebrows was the least accurately recognized. Explicit knowledge discriminability results revealed that participants were aware of the relevant areas for each prototype but not equally so for all prototypes. Specifically, participants judged the eyebrow area as more important when the distinctive cue was in the eyebrows (fear–eyebrow) than when the cue was in the mouth (fear–mouth) or when both cues were present (fear–both). Results are discussed considering the attentional-perceptual and explicit knowledge limitation hypothesis.
Urban Regeneration: Economic and Social Impacts of a Multifunctional Sports Park in Reggio Calabria
Authors: Della Spina Lucia
Published: February 2025

Urban areas increasingly face complex challenges in achieving sustainability, particularly in balancing economic, social, cultural, and environmental needs. Despite their significant potential, multifunctional infrastructures remain underexplored, especially in socio-economically disadvantaged and marginal contexts, where they could play a crucial role in urban regeneration processes. This research, based on a case study of an unused urban infrastructure in Southern Italy, adopts a methodological framework to transform these abandoned urban spaces into integrated multifunctional infrastructures capable of providing social, sports, cultural, educational, and recreational services. The proposed framework offers a comprehensive decision-making tool for planners and policymakers, enabling the assessment of multifunctional infrastructures as strategic assets for urban regeneration. The study employs Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (DCFA) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to assess the economic feasibility and social sustainability of the proposed project. Investment and management costs were analyzed and compared against both direct and indirect economic benefits, revealing scenarios that support the feasibility of public–private investment. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis corroborates the robustness of the model, demonstrating its applicability under variable economic and social conditions. In conclusion, the evaluation results highlight the transformative potential of multifunctional infrastructures, highlighting their ability to generate significant social and economic impacts.
Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Ferroptosis of Ovarian Cancer Cells Under Energy Stress Conditions
Authors: Wu Yulun , Zhang Ziying , Ren Minhui , Chen Yao , Zhang Jingying , Li Jiarui , Gao Feng , Bao Yongli , Huang Yanxin , Yang Xiaoguang , Song Zhenbo
Published: February 2025

As ovarian cancer progresses, increased glucose use causes a glucose shortage in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is crucial to find drugs that can effectively kill cancer cells in this energy stress setting. Here, we propose an effective therapeutic strategy that combines nutrient restriction with metformin to combat tumors. This study investigated the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer cells under energy stress conditions, mimicking the nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. We revealed that Metformin (10 mM) significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation under glucose deprivation conditions. Furthermore, it enhanced apoptosis and ferroptosis, as demonstrated by alterations in apoptotic protein expression and elevated levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and Fe2+. Transcriptional profiling revealed significant alterations in genes related to iron homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, Metformin was found to induce mitochondrial dysfunction without affecting mitochondrial DNA or the expression of enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in decreased ATP production and compromised activities of the respiratory chain complexes. The direct interaction between metformin and the NDUFB4 subunit in mitochondrial complex I was corroborated through the application of cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assays. In vivo, the combination of metformin and fasting cycles significantly inhibited SKOV3 cell-derived xenograft tumors in immunodeficient mice. Altogether, we have demonstrated that Metformin potentiates apoptosis and ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells under energy stress conditions by targeting the NDUFB4 subunit of mitochondrial complex I, thus laying the groundwork for clinical testing. This study, though limited to cellular and animal levels, provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of metformin in ovarian cancer treatment.
Noble Metal-Based Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of HMF to FDCA: Progress in Reaction Mechanism and Active Sites
Authors: Guo Yingshuo , Zhao Yitong , Gao Shiao , Lv Binhong , Wu Zhijie
Published: February 2025

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which serves as a sustainable alternative to the petrochemical derivative terephthalic acid as a polyester monomer. Currently, noble metal catalysts that combine high HMF conversion rates with FDCA selectivity have become one of the mainstream catalytic systems for HMF oxidation. This paper summarizes and discusses the research progress on HMF oxidation to FDCA over different noble metal-based catalysts by combining DFT theoretical calculations, introducing various reaction pathways and mechanisms of HMF oxidation. It also analyzes the characteristics and electronic properties of metal active sites, geometric effects, metal–support interactions, and confinement effects, discussing and revealing the roles and activation mechanisms of different metal active sites, the structure of catalysts, active substances, metal valence states, activity, and the relationship between metal and the oxidation of C=O and OH groups. Finally, it presents views on the challenges and future development in the design of noble metal-based catalysts.
Pyrrolizine- and Indolizine-Derived Spirooxindoles: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Inverse Docking Analysis
Authors: Romo Pablo , Crespo María , Barreto Mauricio , Burbano María , Mejia-Gutierrez Melissa , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Spirooxindoles are a family of heterocyclic compounds which bear the oxindole nucleus in their structures, which have a considerable pharmaceutical potential and which have been linked to various drugs for the treatment of diverse diseases. In this work, a wide variety of spirooxindoles bearing a pyrrolizinic nucleus were obtained by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between substituted isatins, trans-3-benzoyl acrylic acid and L-proline. In this approach, the target products 9a–m were obtained in 40–86% yields under heating to reflux in methanol over 2 h. Similarly, spirooxindoles containing an indolizinic nucleus 11a–j were obtained in 45–69% yields by switching L-proline for pipecolic acid under heating to reflux in acetonitrile for 8 h. The antibacterial activity of the obtained products was evaluated against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, and N. gonorrhoeae, also including an inverse docking analysis. Results show that 9f and 11i, were the most active compounds against S. aureus, while compounds 9d and 9m displayed the higher activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Inverse docking analysis showed that compounds 9b, 11a 11e, and 11i displayed high affinity to the target protein 6TYM and 7Q6S, which are involved in biological pathways of diverse cancer and Parkinson diseases.
Fatigue Assessment of Rib–Deck Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks Under Traffic Loading
Authors: Villoria Bruno , Siriwardane Sudath C. , Jakobsen Jasna Bogunovic
Published: February 2025

Rib–deck (RD) welded joints in orthotropic steel bridge decks are prone to different fatigue crack mechanisms. Standard fatigue design methods are inadequate for some of these mechanisms under multiaxial non-proportional loading conditions. This study presents a framework to assess fatigue damage at RD welded joints, considering the different crack mechanisms based on the equivalent structural stress method and its extension to multiaxial non-proportional fatigue, which is the path-dependent maximum stress range (PDMR) cycle counting algorithm. The method is validated for uniaxial loading by using experimental data from the literature. Additionally, non-proportional fatigue damage at RD welded joints of a suspension bridge girder is investigated under simulated random traffic loading. The analyses reveal the limitations of the nominal stress approach to account for complex stress field variations. The PDMR method, more suited to capture the stress path dependency of non-proportional fatigue damage than the hot spot and critical plane-based methods, predicts higher fatigue damage. A comprehensive fatigue test campaign of full-scale RD welded joints is necessary to better understand their fatigue behaviour under multiaxial loading. Until more experimental data are available, the PDMR method is recommended for fatigue verifications of welded RD joints as it yields safer predictions.
Management Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Coastal Regions: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bastos Marcos Filho Lima , Kneipp Jordana Marques , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Perlin Ana Paula , Bichueti Roberto Schoproni
Published: February 2025

Background: By 2050, most of the global human population will live in coastal regions, and the climatic impacts on these areas represent a significant concern for governments, private sector companies, and societies. Thus, environmental management of coastal regions plays a central role in the global climate agenda. Methods: The study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR). This included the construction of networks of related topics, time series analysis, literature mapping, and the identification of research gaps. The databases used were Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus. The inclusion and exclusion criteria encompassed articles published between 2014 and 2023, off-topic articles, unavailable articles, or paid access articles. At the end, 96 studies were included in this RSL. Results: The results revealed a predominance of studies addressing climate management in coastal regions, primarily focused on adaptation strategies. However, there is a notable deficiency in studies that address integrated mitigation and adaptation strategies. Time series analysis predicted an increase in the focus on coastal management and climate change in the coming years. Conclusion: The research underscores the central role of coastal management in addressing climate change and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It encourages multi-level management, integrating government officials, business leaders, and civil society in the development of more effective practices for climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Surface Morphology Control of Ag-Coated Cu Particles and Its Effect on Oxidation Resistance
Authors: Lu Xianke , Kuang Sixiang , Zhao Yuyuan , Zeng Xinyi
Published: February 2025

Silver-coated copper (Ag-coated Cu) powder, combining the cost-effectiveness of copper with the oxidation resistance of silver, holds significant application value in photovoltaics and electronic pastes. In this study, Ag-coated Cu powder with a dense, uniform, smooth, and fully covered silver layer, as well as excellent dispersibility, was successfully prepared using the combined effects of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring. This study systematically analyzed the effects of different stirring conditions (mechanical stirring alone and mechanical stirring with ultrasonic oscillation), reaction rates (silver–ammonia solution supply rates of 1 mL/min to 9 mL/min), and silver contents (18%, 24%, and 28%) on the surface morphology and oxidation resistance of Ag-coated Cu powder. The results show that in the absence of ultrasonic oscillation, the uniformity and coverage of the silver layer were poor, with significant copper particle dissolution leading to hollow silver shells. Ultrasonic oscillation effectively reduced the roughness of the silver layer, improving its uniformity and coverage. Increasing the reaction rate had a minimal impact on the surface morphology but reduced the oxidation resistance of the powder. This study also analyzed the formation mechanisms of Ag-coated Cu with different surface morphologies, providing valuable guidance for producing high-quality Ag-coated Cu powder.
The Origin, Intricate Nature, and Role of the Skin Surface pH (pHSS) in Barrier Integrity, Eczema, and Psoriasis
Authors: Mijaljica Dalibor , Townley Joshua P. , Klionsky Daniel J. , Spada Fabrizio , Lai Mikayla
Published: February 2025

The inherent acidic nature of the stratum corneum (SC), the so-called “acid mantle”, has a multitude of effects on skin barrier integrity owing to its (patho)physiological role in skin homeostasis, antimicrobial defense, and inflammation. Several salient SC acidifying mechanisms, including the breakdown of FLG (filaggrin) protein, lipid processing, and the activity of the sodium proton pump SLC9A1/NHE1, are indispensable for the structural and functional integrity and cohesion of the SC as they contribute immensely to the origin, generation, maintenance, and overall SC acidification of the skin surface pH (pHss). As many endogenous and exogenous factors can affect the pHss, the pHss can inevitably deviate from its optimum. The elevation of the pHss is often accompanied by abnormalities in SC lipid metabolism and organization, SC cohesion, and SC integrity and is commonly observed in eczema, which is associated with symptoms of dry skin, inflammation, pruritus, and infection. In psoriasis, it seems that the pHss is altered as well; however, in this case, it is likely to be lower than the physiological pHss. Due to the negative effects of an altered pHss in both eczema and psoriasis, it has been suggested to maintain the pHss at physiological levels by utilizing pH-balanced topical cleansers and moisturizers that can improve the skin’s structural and functional integrity by benefiting skin moisturization and the regeneration and organization of the SC barrier. The principal aim of this review is to gather an understanding of the existing research and to stimulate critical thinking and inspire innovative ideas about ‘known unknowns’, considering the origin, intricate nature, and prime role of the pHss in human skin health, as well as the pathogenesis of eczema and psoriasis.
Extending the QMM Framework to the Strong and Weak Interactions
Authors: Neukart Florian , Marx Eike , Vinokur Valerii
Published: February 2025

We extend the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) framework, originally developed to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity by treating space–time as a dynamic information reservoir, to incorporate the full suite of Standard Model gauge interactions. In this discretized, Planck-scale formulation, each space–time cell possesses a finite-dimensional Hilbert space that acts as a local memory, or quantum imprint, for matter and gauge field configurations. We focus on embedding non-Abelian SU(3)c (quantum chromodynamics) and SU(2)L × U(1)Y (electroweak interactions) into QMM by constructing gauge-invariant imprint operators for quarks, gluons, electroweak bosons, and the Higgs mechanism. This unified approach naturally enforces unitarity by allowing black hole horizons, or any high-curvature region, to store and later retrieve quantum information about color and electroweak charges, thereby preserving subtle non-thermal correlations in evaporation processes. Moreover, the discretized nature of QMM imposes a Planck-scale cutoff, potentially taming UV divergences and modifying running couplings at trans-Planckian energies. We outline major challenges, such as the precise formulation of non-Abelian imprint operators and the integration of QMM with loop quantum gravity, as well as possible observational strategies—ranging from rare decay channels to primordial black hole evaporation spectra—that could provide indirect probes of this discrete, memory-based view of quantum gravity and the Standard Model.
Tunneling Current in a Double Quantum Dot Driven by Two-Mode Microwave Photons
Authors: Liu Weici , Wang Faqiang
Published: February 2025

In this study, a model of a double-quantum-dot system driven by two-mode microwave photons is presented. The quantum master equation is derived from the system’s Hamiltonians, and the expression for the steady-state current is obtained. Electronic tunneling properties are then analyzed. The results revealed that different two-mode quantum microwave photons have varying effects on the tunneling current within the double-quantum-dot system, with a steplike current trend emerging. The tunneling current showed pronounced negative differential conductance for both coherent and squeezed microwave photons. Furthermore, the tunneling current was significantly influenced by changing the squeezing coefficient and phase. The asymmetric evolution of the tunneling current under varying bias voltages also depends on the asymmetry in system parameters. These findings are crucial for manipulating the transport properties of double-quantum-dot systems in nanostructured devices.
Testing and Verification of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: A Review
Authors: Alemayehu Hayleyesus , Sargolzaei Arman
Published: February 2025

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) have the potential to revolutionize transportation by addressing critical challenges such as safety, energy efficiency, traffic congestion, and environmental impact. Realizing these benefits, however, requires the development of a rigorous testing and verification framework to enable the safe, efficient, and reliable deployment of CAVs across diverse operational scenarios. Despite the growing body of research, there remains a significant gap in review papers that comprehensively summarize recent studies related to the testing and verification of CAVs while identifying current challenges and highlighting future research directions. This paper seeks to address this gap by presenting a comprehensive review of the existing testing and verification frameworks for CAVs and identifying their associated challenges. Key topics covered include scenario generation, verification cost functions, assertion values, and security considerations. Furthermore, the paper highlights limitations within current frameworks, emphasizing the gaps that hinder systematic and comprehensive evaluations.
Comparative Analysis of Smart Building Solutions in Europe: Technological Advancements and Market Strategies
Authors: Mohtashami Negar , Sauer Nils , Streblow Rita , Müller Dirk
Published: February 2025

This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of smart building solution providers within Europe, emphasizing the technological advancements and market strategies employed by companies selected for the study. As energy efficiency becomes a critical focus due to rising global energy demands and climate change concerns, smart building technologies have emerged as pivotal in optimizing energy use and enhancing occupant comfort. This study examines 19 products from 15 prominent manufacturers, categorized into six product categories: smart thermostats, smart valves, HVAC control, data acquisition and energy management software, smart home ecosystems, and home energy management systems. Using a comparative assessment matrix and SWOT analysis, the paper evaluates these products across five key areas: service impacts, market penetration, investment topics, business models, and value propositions. Findings highlight a strong focus of manufacturers in energy efficiency and comfort services, while identifying opportunities for improvement in energy flexibility and health integration. This analysis aims to guide stakeholders in strategic planning and decision-making, offering insights into the current and future landscape of the smart building solutions market.
The Impact of Integrating Variable Renewable Energy Sources into Grid-Connected Power Systems: Challenges, Mitigation Strategies, and Prospects
Authors: Ejuh Che Emmanuel , Roland Abeng Kang , Iweh Chu Donatus , Tsekouras George J. , Fopah-Lele Armand
Published: February 2025

Although the impact of integrating solar and wind sources into the power system has been studied in the past, the chaos caused by wind and solar energy generation has not yet had broader mitigation solutions notwithstanding their rapid deployment. Many research efforts in using prediction models have developed real-time monitoring of variability and machine learning predictive algorithms in contrast to the conventional methods of studying variability. This study focused on the causes and types of variability, challenges, and mitigation strategies used to minimize variability in grids worldwide. A summary of the top ten cases of countries that have successfully managed variability in their electrical power grids has been presented. Review shows that most of the success cases embraced advanced energy storage, grid upgrading, and flexible energy mix as key technological and economic strategies. A seven-point conceptual framework involving all energy stakeholders for managing variability in power system networks and increasing variable renewable energy (VRE)-grid integration has been proposed. Long-duration energy storage, virtual power plants (VPPs), smart grid infrastructure, cross-border interconnection, power-to-X, and grid flexibility are the key takeaways in achieving a reliable, resilient, and stable grid. This review provides a useful summary of up-to-date research information for researchers and industries investing in a renewable energy-intensive grid.
Gas Content and Gas Occurrence Mechanism of Deep Coal Seams in the Shenfu-Linxing Block
Authors: Ma Litao , Yang Fan , Yang Jianghao , Cui Yi , Wang Wei , Liu Cheng , Zhang Bo , Yang Jiang , Tao Shu
Published: February 2025

The Shenfu-Linxing block in the Ordos Basin holds abundant deep coalbed methane (CBM) resources, which can alleviate gas shortages and aid dual carbon target achievement. Considering isothermal adsorption traits and parameters like vitrinite reflectance, temperature, pressure, and water saturation, a prediction model for adsorbed and free gas content was formulated. This model helps to reveal the deep CBM occurrence mechanism in the Shenfu-Linxing block. Results show that deep CBM exists in both adsorbed and free states, with adsorbed gas initially increasing then decreasing, and free gas rising then stabilizing as burial depth increases. A critical transition depth for total CBM content exists, shallowing with higher water saturation. As depth increases, temperature and pressure evolution results in a “rapid growth—slow growth—stability—slow decrease” pattern in total gas content. Adsorbed gas resides in micropores, while free gas occupies larger pores.
Perspectives on Natural Fibers’ Competitiveness and Sustainability
Authors: Krifa Mourad , Gnanasekar Vinoth Kumar
Published: February 2025

Since antiquity, natural fibers have been a vital component of human civilization [...]
Multi-Target Firefighting Task Planning Strategy for Multiple UAVs Under Dynamic Forest Fire Environment
Authors: Zhu Pei , Jiang Shize , Zhang Jiangao , Xu Ziheng , Sun Zhi , Shao Quan
Published: February 2025

The frequent occurrence of forest fires in mountainous regions has posed severe threats to both the ecological environment and human activities. This study proposed a multi-target firefighting task planning method of forest fires by multiple UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) integrating task allocation and path planning. The forest fire environment factors such high temperatures, dense smoke, and signal shielding zones were considered as the threats. The multi-UAVs task allocation and path planning model was established with the minimum of flight time, flight angle, altitude variance, and environmental threats. In this process, the study considers only the use of fire-extinguishing balls as the fire suppressant for the UAVs. The improved multi-population grey wolf optimization (MP–GWO) algorithm and non-Dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) were designed to solve the path planning and task allocation models, respectively. Both algorithms were validated compared with traditional algorithms through simulation experiments, and the sensitivity analysis of different scenarios were conducted. Results from benchmark tests and case studies indicate that the improved MP–GWO algorithm outperforms the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), pelican optimizer (POA), Harris hawks optimizer (HHO), coyote optimizer (CPO), and particle swarm optimizer (PSO) in solving more complex optimization problems, providing better average results, greater stability, and effectively reducing flight time and path cost. At the same scenario and benchmark tests, the improved NSGA-II demonstrates advantages in both solution quality and coverage compared to the original algorithm. Sensitivity analysis revealed that with the increase in UAV speed, the flight time in the completion of firefighting mission decreases, but the average number of remaining fire-extinguishing balls per UAV initially decreases and then rises with a minimum of 1.9 at 35 km/h. The increase in UAV load capacity results in a higher average of remaining fire-extinguishing balls per UAV. For example, a 20% increase in UAV load capacity can reduce the number of UAVs from 11 to 9 to complete firefighting tasks. Additionally, as the number of fire points increases, both the required number of UAVs and the total remaining fire-extinguishing balls increase. Therefore, the results in the current study can offer an effective solution for multiple UAVs firefighting task planning in forest fire scenarios.
The Arg99Gln Substitution in HNRNPC Is Associated with a Distinctive Clinical Phenotype Characterized by Facial Dysmorphism and Ocular and Cochlear Anomalies
Authors: Chiriatti Luigi , Priolo Manuela , Onesimo Roberta , Carvetta Mattia , Leoni Chiara , Bruselles Alessandro , Radio Francesca Clementina , Cappelletti Camilla , Ferilli Marco , Ricci Daniela , Niceta Marcello , Cordeddu Viviana , Ciolfi Andrea , Mancini Cecilia , Zampino Giuseppe , Tartaglia Marco
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Heterozygous variants in the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C gene (HNRNPC) have recently been reported to cause intellectual developmental disorder-74 (MRD74), a neurodevelopmental disorder with no recurrent diagnostic handles. Affected individuals show variable, non-specific, and subtle dysmorphic features. The degree of developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID) is also wide, ranging from mild to severe. The mutational spectrum is relatively broad with exon deletions and splice site and frameshift variants distributed along the entire length of the gene leading to HNRNPC loss of function. Only two missense changes located within the RNA-binding motif (RBM) and adjacent linker region of the more abundant isoform (Arg64Trp and Arg99Gln) have been described. Notably, the Arg99Gln amino acid substitution was reported in a subject presenting with a more complex and unique clinical phenotype characterized by distinctive facial features, DD/ID, cochlear aplasia, and bilateral colobomatous microphthalmia, suggesting the possible occurrence of phenotypic heterogeneity. Results: Here, we report the second individual carrying the Arg99Gln change in HNRNPC and having clinical features with a significant overlap with the peculiar phenotype of the previously described subject, supporting the occurrence of a genotype–phenotype correlation. Conclusions: Due to the concomitant occurrence of ocular and cochlear involvement as recognizable diagnostic handles, we propose that the HNRNPCArg99Gln-related phenotype should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in subjects with ID and major signs of CHARGE syndrome not fulfilling the minimum criteria for a clinical diagnosis.
The Central Mindoro Fault: An Active Sinistral Fault Within the Translational Boundary Between the Palawan Microcontinental Block and the Philippine Mobile Belt
Authors: Rimando Rolly , Rimando Jeremy
Published: February 2025

The NNW-trending Central Mindoro Fault (CMF) is an active oblique left-lateral strike-slip fault as determined from offset morphotectonic features such as spurs and streams. Mapping of the trace and determination of the sinistral strike-slip sense of motion of the CMF is essential not only to the assessment of hazards but also to providing a clearer perspective of its role in accommodating deformation resulting from the NW relative motion between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Sunda Plate. Its sense of motion is also kinematically congruent with the NW-SE translation along a transcurrent zone between the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Palawan Microcontinental Block on the western part of the Philippine archipelago. It is also consistent with the left-lateral motion of other structures within the zone, such as the Verde Passage Fault—another structure believed to be accommodating the NW-SE translation. Mapping of the CMF provides a key constraint in identifying the possible mechanism(s) involved in the dextral strike-slip motion of the 1994 Mindoro Earthquake ground rupture, which is subparallel to the CMF.
Identification of Barriers and Needs in the Discontinuation of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists in Elderly Patients of a Rural Community—A Qualitative Study
Authors: de Barros Mendes Tiago , Nazha Marta , Neves Ana Luísa , Broeiro-Gonçalves Paula
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The predictors of successful discontinuation of benzodiazepine agonist receptors (BZRA) in elderly patients are not well known due to lack of research on the subject, and there is a need for further investigation, with more focus from the patients’ point of view. No previous studies were identified that have been conducted in Portugal on this subject. We proposed to identify the barriers and facilitators in the discontinuation of BZRA from the perceptions of elderly patients under prolonged prescription of BZRA, belonging to the same rural community. The contributions for further research are intended to be the identification of potential intervention targets directed at patients to reduce the prevalence of elderly patients under prolonged prescription of BZRA. Methods: A set of 15 semi-structured interviews with patients under prolonged prescription of BZRA was conducted. Content analysis was done by the main researcher and a reviewer to identify original emerging themes for the two underlying domains. Results: Four themes were identified as barriers to the discontinuation of BZRA: (1) patient characteristics, (2) clinical factors, (3) medication-related factors, and (4) context and external factors. Seven themes were identified as facilitators to the discontinuation of BZRA: (1) motivation, (2) patients’ knowledge, (3) perception of BZRA insufficiency, (4) access to written information, (5) access to alternatives, (6) time for decision-making, and (7) attitudes of health professionals. Conclusions: The findings highlight the challenging nature of BZRA discontinuation and the range of barriers and facilitators that impact patients’ behaviour towards this purpose. We subdivided the elements identified in two areas, therefore aiming at producing significant knowledge to outline potential intervention targets.
Evaluation of the Effects of Asparagus Decline Syndrome on Yield and Quality Parameters over Three Years in Western Europe
Authors: López-Moreno Francisco Javier , Navarro-León Eloy , Atero-Calvo Santiago , de la Lastra Eduardo , Ruiz Juan Manuel , Soriano Teresa
Published: February 2025

Asparagus decline syndrome (ADS) poses a critical challenge to the productivity and quality of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), threatening the sustainability of its cultivation. This study evaluated the impact of ADS over four years in Western Europe by comparing soils with and without a history of the syndrome. The results revealed a consistent reduction in yield, with losses of 36% in 2019 and 2020 and 23% in 2021 compared to the results for the control soils. ADS also increased the proportion of non-commercial spears, peaking at 52% in 2020. Key quality parameters were significantly affected by ADS, especially in the final year of the trial, with reductions observed in spear weight, diameter, firmness, and volume. On the other hand, °Brix values increased by 10% to 16%, while juiciness decreased by 10% to 28%, depending on the year, enhancing sweetness but compromising texture, and thereby, marketable quality. The findings highlight the detrimental effects of replanting asparagus in ADS-affected soils and the need for integrated management strategies to mitigate its impacts. This research contributes valuable insights into ADS dynamics, offering a foundation for developing agronomic solutions that enhance productivity and ensure the long-term viability of asparagus cultivation in affected regions.
Exploring the Grape Agrivoltaic System: Climate Modulation and Vine Benefits in the Puglia Region, Southeastern Italy
Authors: Magarelli Andrea , Mazzeo Andrea , Ferrara Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture, a sector with a long-standing tradition in the Mediterranean basin. The region faces altered rainfall patterns, extreme temperatures, aridification, loss of biodiversity, and changes in crop yield and quality. These impacts, combined with intensive farming practices, threaten long-term agricultural sustainability. This study investigates agrivoltaics (AVs), a dual-use technology that integrates solar energy production (photovoltaic panels) with agriculture, as a potential solution to enhance resilience and adaptation of crops. Research at an AV system in Puglia (Southeastern Italy), combined with grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), assessed soil moisture, temperature, and microclimate conditions together with vine yield and fruitfulness. Results showed that shading from photovoltaic panels increased soil moisture and moderated soil temperature, thus benefiting crops. Vines beneath the panels yielded more grapes (+277%) than in the full sun, confirmed by even the better bud fruitfulness of the shaded canes. While panels had minimal impact on air temperature, they reduced wind speed and vapor pressure deficit, creating a better microenvironment for vines. Spectral analysis revealed an increase in UV and blue light under the panels, potentially affecting photosynthesis. The AV system also produced substantial electricity, more than 90% compared to a ground-mounted system, demonstrating its dual-use application. The higher land equivalent ratio (LER) achieved by the AV system (3.54) confirmed that such systems can be advantageous in areas with a Mediterranean climate, allowing crop and energy production on the same land.
Debt Capital and Dividend Policy as Complementary Indicators of Firm Valuation
Authors: Njoku Okechukwu Enyeribe , Lee Younghwan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the interdependencies between debt capital and dividend policy as complementary factors influencing firm value among corporations listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI). Using Tobin’s Q as a firm value metric and employing robust econometric techniques (OLS, 2-SLS, and GMM), the analysis reveals that while debt and dividend policies independently reduce firm value, their interaction produces a synergistic effect that increases value. The findings further indicate the dual role of Chaebol ownership structures, which, despite their association with lower firm value, mitigate the negative effects of financial policies. Additionally, firm size is found to negatively impact value, whereas free cash flow has a significant positive effect. By disentangling the complex dynamics of capital structure, dividend strategies, and ownership configurations, this study offers actionable insights for managers, investors, and policymakers. It emphasizes the importance of balanced financial practices and governance reforms tailored to concentrated ownership environments.
Drivers of Merger and Acquisition Activities in Vietnam: Insights from Targets’ Perspectives and Deal Characteristics
Authors: Bui Khoa , Le Tu , Ngo Thanh
Published: February 2025

This study empirically examines the determinants of merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in Vietnam from 2005 to 2020, which has not been examined before, using a fixed-effects model for a sample of 674 completed M&A deals. The results indicate that targets’ corporate governance and deal characteristics have mixed effects on M&A decisions. More specifically, the independent member of the board and CEO duality of the target is negatively associated with most M&A types, except for cross-border mergers. However, the impact of targets’ blockholders is consistently positive regardless of M&A types. When observing the deal characteristics, mixed evidence is also found in the case of M&A payment form, industry-relatedness between the bidder and the target, the bidder’s stake in the target, and foreign ownership in the bidder’s stake. More interesting, our study emphasizes that voluntary agreement is seemingly critical to M&A decisions regardless of different types. Our results suggest several important implications, including balancing independent directors on the board, accounting for CEOs’ and other blockholders’ interests and influence, considering the types of M&A payments, and involving foreign investors in M&A activities. By understanding these implications, firms can better navigate the complexities of M&A transactions, enhancing their decision-making processes and ultimately contributing to improved shareholder value.
Disrupted Mitochondrial Dynamics Impair Corneal Epithelial Healing in Neurotrophic Keratopathy
Authors: Jin Mengyi , Liu Zeyu , Shi Ruize , Deng Ya , Lin Jingwei , Zhang Yuting , Lin Lexin , Wang Yanzi , Shi Yunyi , Li Cheng , Liu Zuguo
Published: February 2025

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease characterized by impaired corneal sensitivity and epithelial repair that is often linked to sensory nerve dysfunction. To establish a clinically relevant model and explore the mechanisms underlying NK pathogenesis, we developed a novel mouse model through partial transection of the ciliary nerve. This approach mimics the progressive nature of NK, reproducing key clinical features such as corneal epithelial defects, reduced sensitivity, diminished tear secretion, and delayed wound healing. Using this model, we investigated how disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics contribute to corneal epithelial dysfunction and impaired repair in NK. Our findings revealed substantial disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics, including reduced expression of fusion proteins (OPA1), downregulation of fission regulators (FIS1 and MFF), and impaired mitochondrial transport, as evidenced by decreased expression of Rhot1 and Kif5b. Additionally, the downregulation of mitophagy-related genes (Pink1 and Prkn) contributed to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, leading to DNA damage and impaired corneal epithelial repair. These mitochondrial abnormalities were accompanied by increased γH2AX staining, indicative of DNA double-strand breaks and cellular stress. This study highlights the pivotal role of mitochondrial dynamics in corneal epithelial health and repair, suggesting that therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring mitochondrial function, enhancing mitophagy, and mitigating oxidative stress may offer promising avenues for treating NK.