bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying potential drug targets and candidate drugs for COVID-19: biological networks and structural modeling approaches
Authors: Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Kaliamurthi Satyavani , Peslherbe Gilles H. , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: April 2021

Background:Coronavirus (CoV) is an emerging human pathogen causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) around the world. Earlier identification of biomarkers for SARS can facilitate detection and reduce the mortality rate of the disease. Thus, by integrated network analysis and structural modeling approach, we aimed to explore the potential drug targets and the candidate drugs for coronavirus medicated SARS.

Methods:Differentially expression (DE) analysis of CoV infected host genes (HGs) expression profiles was conducted by using the Limma. Highly integrated DE-CoV-HGs were selected to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. 

Results:Using the Walktrap algorithm highly interconnected modules include module 1 (202 nodes); module 2 (126 nodes) and module 3 (121 nodes) modules were retrieved from the PPI network. MYC, HDAC9, NCOA3, CEBPB, VEGFA, BCL3, SMAD3, SMURF1, KLHL12, CBL, ERBB4, and CRKL were identified as potential drug targets (PDTs), which are highly expressed in the human respiratory system after CoV infection. Functional terms growth factor receptor binding, c-type lectin receptor signaling, interleukin-1 mediated signaling, TAP dependent antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I, stimulatory T cell receptor signaling, and innate immune response signaling pathways, signal transduction and cytokine immune signaling pathways were enriched in the modules. Protein-protein docking results demonstrated the strong binding affinity (-314.57 kcal/mol) of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex which was selected as a drug target. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations indicated the structural stability and flexibility of the ERBB4-3cLpro complex. Further, Wortmannin was proposed as a candidate drug to ERBB4 to control SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent macropinocytosis, MAPK signaling, and NF-kb singling pathways that regulate host cell entry, replication, and modulation of the host immune system.

Conclusion:We conclude that CoV drug target “ERBB4” and candidate drug “Wortmannin” provide insights on the possible personalized therapeutics for emerging COVID-19.
A case study research on interoperability improvement in Smart Grids: state-of-the-art and further opportunities
Authors: Schütz Johann , Uslar Mathias , Meister Jürgen
Published: April 2021

With the topic of Smart Grids taking up momentum, challenges to integrate systems from various vendors’ at large scale in a critical infrastructure have arisen. This issue is usually tackled utilizing standards and, therefore, agreements between the various parties. However, the aspect of the interoperability between systems is not only defined by physical connections, but has a multi-faceted dimension which needs to be dealt with at all layers in order for a semantic and cost-efficient integration. Within this contribution, we motivate the need for a procedural way to deal with interoperability in Smart Grids, show the theoretical foundations and the approach taken and present case studies that cover the problem in scope. Based on these case studies, results are critically reflected and conclusions are drawn.
MEMÓRIAS CENTENÁRIAS: Joãozinho da Gomeia e o Museu Vivo do São Bento
Authors: Bezerra Nielson
Published: April 2021

O Museu Vivo do São Bento organizou uma série de atividades em comemoração ao Centenário de Joãozinho da Gomeia, o mais famoso sacerdote de candomblé do Brasil durante o tempo em que ele viveu na cidade de Duque de Caxias. Embora ele comumente seja reconhecido como o “rei do candomblé”, suas memórias na cidade de Duque de Caxias passam por um processo de disputas entre a lembrança e o esquecimento, configurando uma “gangorra da memória” nas narrativas da cidade. O Centenário de Joãozinho da Gomeia (1914-2014) buscou um debate amplo com a cidade através de uma iniciativa de monumentalização de sua memória. Esse artigo transcorre por esse processo problematizando a ideia de memória de resistência e longevidade, o que se caracteriza como uma “memória centenária”.
ROTEIRO DO FILME JOÃOSINHO DA GOMÉA - O REI DO CANDOMBLÉ (SEXTO TRATAMENTO)
Authors: Dutra Rodrigo Da Silva , Oliveira Janaina Santos
Published: April 2021

Conhecer a história de pessoas que foram importantes para a constituição de um lugar é fundamental para construir um senso de pertencimento de um território. O curta documentário Joãosinho da Goméa - O Rei do Candomblé traz Seu João como o narrador de sua própria história, de sua vida em Inhambupe no estado do Bahia até sua chegada a Duque de Caxias onde fundou o Terreiro da Goméa Caxiense.  A pesquisa para construção deste roteiro foi baseada em artigos acadêmicos, publicações e jornais da época.  Apesar de ser uma personalidade conhecida, não encontramos em nossa pesquisa nenhum outro filme que contasse a sua história.  A inspiração cinematográfica veio do filme Alma do Olho (1973) de Zózimo Bulbul, onde ele narrou a história da população negra na diáspora sem dizer uma palavra, com uma fotografia universal e atemporal. Assim foi construído o roteiro desta história que originou o documentário.
A GUERRA FRIA, O CRISTIANISMO E A MILITARIZAÇÃO DA AMÉRICA LATINA NO “ESQUECIMENTO” DA GOMÉIA
Authors: Hernández Medina Rodrigo Daniel
Published: April 2021

Atualmente, um setor da população brasileira, correspondente a certos ramos do cristianismo protestante, expressa profundo temor e rejeição às religiões do Atlântico Negro. No Rio de Janeiro e, especificamente, na cidade de Duque de Caxias, isso se manifesta no desejo de alguns moradores de sepultar, sob as águas do esquecimento, a Goméia, o espaço onde funcionava um dos mais famosos terreiros de Candomblé do país. Este artigo mostra que tal fenômeno é resultado das transformações políticas, econômicas e culturais que ocorreram em decorrência da globalização da Guerra Fria. Na América Latina, a partir da segunda metade da década de 1950, os pontos de inflexão internacionais estiveram ligados aos complexos legados do colonialismo; isto é, aos processos sócio-históricos locais de gênero, racismo e violência transformando as dinâmicas socioespaciais e a paisagem religiosa a partir da proximidade ou distância que cada uma das nações manteve com os polos ideológicos envolvidos nesse confronto. No caso brasileiro, derivou na militarização do país, no crescimento do cristianismo protestante e na transformação da rejeição às religiões de origem africana.
A vedação do bis in idem no direito brasileiro: algumas reflexões e uma proposta de interpretação
Authors: Mascarenhas Rodrigo Tostes de Alencar
Published: April 2021

A aplicação da vedação do bis in idem (“VBI”) foi dificultada quando o direito penal deixou de ser o único sistema punitivo relevante, aumentando a possibilidade de dupla punição pelos mesmos fatos. Outro desafio decorre do enfraquecimento da VBI pela necessidade de proteção reforçada de bens jurídicos sensíveis. Esta dificuldade é ampliada no Brasil com o surgimento de novos sistemas de apuração de responsabilidade que dificilmente podem ser denominados de administrativos (como é o caso da lei de improbidade). Ademais, a Constituição Brasileira não tem texto expresso reconhecendo a VBI, mas tem dispositivos relativos à tutela de bens sensíveis que o afastam. Assim, partindo dos tratados que vinculam o Brasil, analisando a jurisprudência brasileira e internacional sobre a VBI e discutindo a sobreposição de sistemas punitivos destinados à proteção de bens sensíveis, este trabalho tenta chegar a uma definição sobre o conteúdo da VBI no Brasil.
Epidemias, pandemias e o ódio: caminhos para a governamentalidade da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Dadico Claudia Maria
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa as manifestações de ódio a pessoas em razão de sua inserção em grupos sociais identificados por traços identitários ou opções fundamentais, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Após enumerar casos emblemáticos ocorridos no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, o artigo realiza um breve resgate histórico de casos de ódio e epidemias. A fim de situar seu campo de análise, o artigo realiza a abordagem do ódio como elemento constitutivo do Estado moderno, com base nas contribuições de Michel Foucault, Achille Mbembe, Eric Alliez e Mauricio Lazzarato, concluindo tratar-se de fenômeno estrutural e não acidental das relações de poder que moldam as práticas sociais sob a ordem capitalista e neoliberal. De forma ilustrativa sobre as dinâmicas do ódio sob contextos de crise, tais como a pandemia da Covid-19, o artigo analisa o discurso que de enfrentamento à pandemia mediante recurso a metáforas bélicas e as omissões estatais que, a partir do etarismo e do ageísmo, perfazem uma governamentalidade necropolítica voltada aos idosos. O artigo conclui que a conscientização acerca do caráter constitutivo do ódio, na aplicação do direito, possibilita a reversão da tendência histórica de antagonismos, hostilidades e múltiplas violências contra integrantes destes grupos, no contexto da pandemia do Covid-19, provocando reflexões acerca dos debates que virão sobre os critérios de distribuição das vacinas.
Que Vidas Salvar? Escassez de Leitos de UTI, Critérios Objetivos de Triagem e a Pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Marmelstein George , Morozowski Ana Carolina
Published: April 2021

Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, muitos países precisaram lidar com o risco do colapso do sistema de saúde, provocado pelo aumento da demanda por leitos de UTI e equipamentos de ventilação mecânica. Em alguns casos, foi necessário realizar escolhas trágicas para definir quem teria prioridade em receber o tratamento intensivo. Vários órgãos de saúde no mundo todo elaboraram guidelines com parâmetros racionais, transparentes e objetivos para orientar a tomada de decisão. O presente estudo é um esforço de sistematização do que foi produzido durante a fase mais crítica da pandemia, a fim de compreender os principais critérios que orientaram a ação dos órgãos reguladores.
Mecanismos de resposta a desastres e recursos do FGTS
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Kokke
Published: April 2021

A gestão do ciclo dos desastres demanda concepção, planejamento e execução de medidas articuladas entre os entes públicos. Entretanto, é necessária a previsão de mecanismos de resposta privada ao lado de mecanismos públicos. Os mecanismos privados viabilizam maiores recursos e formas de operacionalizar as respostas sociais, ambientais e econômicas em face dos desastres ambientais. A lógica se aplica também aos mecanismos de reconstrução. A utilização dos recursos de contas vinculadas ao Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS) é enquadrada como mecanismo privado de resposta a desastres. O Decreto n. 8.572/15 reforça interpretação que sustenta a utilização dos recursos tanto em casos de desastres naturais quanto em casos de desastres antropogênicos. O artigo propõe uma interpretação amplificada do potencial de respostas privadas como vias reativas em face de desastres ambientais. Dessa forma, o artigo conclui que os efeitos da norma não implicam qualquer consequência em termos de responsabilidade ambiental, mas sim se restringem nas medidas reativas de gestão de desastres. Além disso, é cabível o ressarcimento dos valores despendidos pelos afetados pelos danos socioambientais.
Condições da coesão social em Amartya Sen: análise da obra "A Ideia de Justiça", de Amartya Sen
Authors: Salvetti Ésio Francisco , Zambam Neuro José
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é fundamentar as condições da efetivação da coesão social em sociedades democráticas complexas, plurais e desiguais, como a brasileira, a partir da concepção de Amartya Sen, presente, em especial, na obra “A Ideia de Justiça”. Trata-se de uma posição crítica e racional associada ao cotidiano das pessoas, instituições e tradições, alternativa às visões transcendentais e utilitaristas. O problema central que norteia este estudo está na questão: quais os critérios de justiça defendidos por Sen que fundamentam a efetivação da coesão social frente à heterogeneidade das sociedades contemporâneas? Afirma-se que sem unidade social as condições de justiça inexistem ou perdem seu vigor.
Blockchain e o futuro dos contratos administrativos
Authors: De Araujo Valter Shuenquener , De Freitas Marcia Gomes , Martin Maria Victoria Arantes
Published: April 2021

RESUMO: Nos últimos tempos, a literatura publicista tem se ocupado, dentre outros tópicos, do estudo dos reflexos causados por novas tecnologias no Direito Administrativo. Os efeitos de tais inovações impactam os mais variados aspectos das relações entre o Estado e o cidadão, impulsionando a releitura de clássicos institutos do direito. O presente artigo tem por propósito investigar em que medida a utilização da tecnologia blockchain, difundida a partir das relações que envolvem criptomoedas, pode ser adequada às licitações públicas e quais os impactos de sua aplicação na relação contratual da Administração Pública. A metodologia da pesquisa será bibliográfica e doutrinária e o objetivo do texto é o de contribuir para o debate do impacto das inovações tecnológicas no modo como os contratos administrativos são formalizados e executados.
O argumento religioso como promoção da razão pública liberal, abrangente e inclusiva
Authors: Pinheiro Victor Sales , Bertoncello Leandro Da Silva
Published: April 2021

O tema da razão pública é um dos pontos de partida inegociáveis da teoria política liberal contemporânea. Nesse contexto, o maior teórico dessa tradição, John Rawls, desenvolve a ideia de razão pública, passível de ser analisada em três fases: excludente, includente e ampla. Essa distinção mostra o caráter potencialmente excludente do liberalismo político que só albergaria doutrinas compreensivas liberais, excluindo quaisquer outras. Já Robert Audi propõe uma teoria da separação entre Igreja e Estado com três princípios centrais (libertário, igualitário e de neutralidade), sendo que o princípio da neutralidade deixa dúvidas sobre a possibilidade da sua aplicação, pois tende a uma postura oficial antirreligiosa. A partir da reflexão sobre essas teorias, este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar que o argumento religioso apresenta as considerações racionais de parte relevante da sociedade, não sendo, portanto, incompatível com a democracia. Chega-se ao resultado de que a religião é um bem humano fundamental na sociedade política, e que o argumento religioso apresenta uma alternativa às concepções morais subjetivas. Ainda, que as ideias excludentes não apontam para a proteção laica da liberdade de consciência e de crença dos cidadãos, mas para a admissão exclusiva de uma postura pública antirreligiosa.
Análise de impacto regulatório e pragmatismo jurídico: levando as consequências regulatórias a sério
Authors: Oliveira Rafael Carvalho Rezende
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar a intensa relação entre a Análise de Impacto Regulatório (AIR) e o pragmatismo jurídico que enfatizam a importância das consequências da decisão pública. Após as alterações promovidas na Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB) em 2018, que enfatizaram a relevância das consequências práticas e jurídicas na decisão pública, o estudo do pragmatismo jurídico foi intensificado na doutrina. A presente pesquisa pretende demonstrar a relevância da aplicação da visão consequencialista no campo regulatório. No Direito Regulatório, a AIR tem sido considerada relevante instrumento de planejamento e de monitoramento das consequências na produção de atos normativos por parte das agências reguladoras, uma vez que possibilita maior racionalidade, transparência e eficiência ao processo decisório. O método utilizado foi qualitativo e descritivo, com a análise da legislação em vigor e da bibliografia sobre o tema do estudo. Ao final, o artigo pretende demonstrar a crescente relevância da Análise de Impacto Regulatório no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, bem como apresentar considerações teóricas que podem contribuir para boas práticas regulatórias.
Nurse-led vetting of choose and book referrals into sub-specialty ear, nose and throat clinics
Authors: Davies Paul , Mirza Showkat
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims

The electronic ‘choose and book’ referral system can lead to patients being allocated to inappropriate ear, nose and throat sub-specialty clinics. Internal re-referrals to the more appropriate sub-specialty clinic is inefficient, leads to wasted appointments and is frustrating for both clinicians and patients. This study aimed to implement a nurse-led vetting system to ensure that new referrals were sent to the appropriate sub-specialty for their first appointment.

Methods

A team of three nurses were given guidelines and trained to assess GP referrals so that they could re-allocate inappropriate referrals to more appropriate sub-specialty ear, nose and throat clinics before their first appointment. The number of referrals that were re-allocated was calculated.

Results

Implementing a nurse-led vetting system of GP referrals led to 110/400 (28%) of cases being re-allocated to a more suitable sub-specialty clinic before initial consultation. The expertise of the nurse-led team was found to be sufficient, particularly when supplemented with additional training, to perform this task.

Conclusions

Nurse-led vetting of choose and book referrals is an efficient way of checking referrals to ensure that patients are sent to the appropriate clinic. This can increase the overall efficiency of the clinic and prevent the wasting of time and resources on inappropriate referrals.
Productivity in emergency medicine
Authors: Matthews Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Jonathan Matthews compares productivity and efficiency as priorities for emergency medicine in the NHS.
Tackling workplace prejudice and building a disability-inclusive NHS
Authors: Harris Gemma
Published: April 2021

Individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions often face discrimination on both a personal and institutional level. Sadly, such discrimination is pervasive in the NHS. Gemma Harris highlights the barriers that many healthcare workers face as a result of anti-disability prejudice and how these can be addressed.
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert spaces for wave optics: tutorial
Authors: Gori Franco , Martínez-Herrero Rosario
Published: April 2021

An introduction to the Hilbert spaces that are endowed with a reproducing kernel is presented on using the mathematical tools of Fourier optics and coherence theory. After giving the basic definition of such spaces, some examples are worked out to show how the inner product can take different forms depending on the particular function space one works with. The basic rule to build a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) is then presented together with the basic properties of those spaces. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the reproducing kernel are then illustrated and lead to the important integral representation of the reproducing kernel. The latter is used to present pseudomodal expansions and generalized forms of sampling. The concluding section offers some thoughts on the applications of RKHSs in wave optics. An appendix presents an introduction to treatments using more advanced concepts of functional analysis.
Ultrashort single-pulse laser ablation of stainless steel, aluminium, copper and its dependence on the pulse duration
Authors: Winter Jan , Spellauge Maximilian , Hermann Jens , Eulenkamp Constanze , Huber Heinz P. , Schmidt Michael
Published: April 2021

In this work, we investigate single-pulse laser ablation of bulk stainless steel (AISI304), aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) and its dependence on the pulse duration. We measured the reflectivity, ablation thresholds and volumes under the variation of pulse duration and fluence. The known drop of efficiency with increasing pulse duration is confirmed for single-pulse ablation in all three metals. We attribute the efficiency drop to a weakened photomechanically driven ablation process and a stronger contribution of photothermal phase explosion. The highest energetic efficiency and precision is achieved for pulse durations below the mechanical expansion time of 3-5 ps, where the stress confinement condition is fulfilled.
3D printed hybrid refractive/diffractive achromat and apochromat for the visible wavelength range
Authors: Schmid Michael , Sterl Florian , Thiele Simon , Herkommer Alois , Giessen Harald
Published: April 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) direct laser writing is a powerful technology to create nano- and microscopic optical devices. While the design freedom of this technology offers the possibility to reduce different monochromatic aberrations, reducing chromatic aberrations is often neglected. In this Letter, we successfully demonstrate the combination of refractive and diffractive surfaces to create a refractive/diffractive achromat and show, to the best of our knowledge, the first refractive/diffractive apochromat by using DOEs and simultaneously combining two different photoresists, namely IP-S and IP-n162. These combinations drastically reduce chromatic aberrations in 3D printed micro-optics for the visible wavelength range. The optical properties, as well as the substantial reduction of chromatic aberrations, are characterized, and we outline the benefits of 3D direct laser written achromats and apochromats for micro-optics.
#BrillantBeDient – Herausforderungen und Potenziale von Forschungsservices für dezentrale Forschung und Innovation im digitalen Raum
Authors: Lux Anna M. , Robra-Bissantz Susanne
Published: April 2021

Digitale Services sind bereits Dreh- und Angelpunkt der Internetökonomie und bauen auf den Prinzipien von Interaktion, Zusammenarbeit und dem Wert individueller Unterstützung. Die Nutzung des Potenzials von digitalen Services ist in Praxisgebieten wie der Pflege, der Bildung und der Kinderbetreuung durch die Covid-19-Pandemie noch drängender geworden. Zur Schaffung von Innovationen in diesen Bereichen der personennahen Dienstleistungen, ist eine Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaft und Praxis erforderlich. Doch die Mitwirkung in gängigen Kooperationsformen, wie z. B. Netzwerken, Technologieclustern oder Projekten, ist zunehmend von Dezentralität geprägt. Um im organisations- und standortübergreifenden Miteinander gemeinsame Ziele zu erreichen, bedarf es Unterstützungsleistungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich den Herausforderungen und Potenzialen digitaler Forschungsservices dezentraler Forschung und Innovation. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die drei eingangs genannten Prinzipien nicht nur für die Internetökonomie von Bedeutung sind.
Links between problem gambling and spending on booster packs in collectible card games: A conceptual replication of research on loot boxes
Authors: Zendle David , Walasek Lukasz , Cairns Paul , Meyer Rachel , Drummond Aaron
Published: April 2021

Loot boxes are digital containers of randomised rewards present in some video games which are often purchasable for real world money. Recently, concerns have been raised that loot boxes might approximate traditional gambling activities, and that people with gambling problems have been shown to spend more on loot boxes than peers without gambling problems. Some argue that the regulation of loot boxes as gambling-like mechanics is inappropriate because similar activities which also bear striking similarities to traditional forms of gambling, such as collectable card games, are not subject to such regulations. Players of collectible card games often buy sealed physical packs of cards, and these ‘booster packs’ share many formal similarities with loot boxes. However, not everything which appears similar to gambling requires regulation. Here, in a large sample of collectible card game players (n = 726), we show no statistically significant link between in real-world store spending on physical booster and problem gambling (p = 0.110, η2 = 0.004), and a trivial in magnitude relationship between spending on booster packs in online stores and problem gambling (p = 0.035, η2 = 0.008). Follow-up equivalence tests using the TOST procedure rejected the hypothesis that either of these effects was of practical importance (η2 > 0.04). Thus, although collectable card game booster packs, like loot boxes, share structural similarities with gambling, it appears that they may not be linked to problem gambling in the same way as loot boxes. We discuss potential reasons for these differences. Decisions regarding regulation of activities which share structural features with traditional forms of gambling should be made on the basis of definitional criteria as well as whether people with gambling problems purchase such items at a higher rate than peers with no gambling problems. Our research suggests that there is currently little evidence to support the regulation of collectable card games.
Efficacy of a nanoparticle vaccine administered in-ovo against Salmonella in broilers
Authors: Acevedo-Villanueva Keila , Renu Sankar , Gourapura Renukaradhya , Selvaraj Ramesh
Published: April 2021

Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen that persists in poultry. Salmonella vaccines that can be delivered in-ovo can be cost-effective and can decrease Salmonella load in poultry. This study evaluates the efficacy of a Salmonella chitosan-nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine, administered in-ovo, in broilers. CNP vaccine was synthesized with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) outer-membrane-proteins (OMPs) and flagellin proteins. At embryonic-d18, one-hundred-thirty-six eggs were injected with 200μl PBS or 1000μg CNP into the amniotic cavity. At d1-of-age, 132 chicks were allocated in 6 pens/treatment with 11 chicks/pen. At d7, birds were orally challenged with 1×109 CFU/bird SE. At d1, 8h-post-challenge, d14, and d21, serum anti-SE-OMPs IgY were analyzed. At d14 and d21, cloacal swabs and bile anti-SE-OMPs IgA, CD4+/CD8+-T-cell ratios, and ceca SE loads were analyzed. At d21, cecal tonsil IL-1β, IL-10, and iNOS mRNA were analyzed. Body-weight-gain (BWG) and feed-conversion-ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test at P<0.05. There were no significant differences in BWG or FCR between vaccinated birds compared to control. At d1, CNP-vaccinated birds had 5.62% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-SE-OMPs IgY, compared to control. At 8h-post-challenge, CNP-vaccinated birds had 6.39% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-SE-OMPs IgY, compared to control. At 2wk-post-challenge, CNP-vaccinated birds had 7.34% lower levels (P<0.05) of anti-SE-OMPs IgY, compared to control. At 1wk-post-challenge, CNP-vaccinated birds had 15.30% greater levels (P<0.05) of bile anti-SE-OMPs IgA, compared to control. At d14 and d21, CNP-vaccinated birds had 0.62 and 0.85 Log10 CFU/g, decreased SE ceca load (P<0.05), respectively, compared to control. There were no significant differences in CD4+/CD8+-T-cell ratios between vaccinated birds compared to control. There were no significant differences in IL-1β, IL-10, iNOS mRNA between vaccinated birds compared to control. Findings demonstrate that the in-ovo administration of CNP vaccine can induce an antigen-specific immune response against SE and can decrease SE cecal load in broilers.
Integrating humans into pace-of-life studies: The Big Five personality traits and metabolic rate in young adults
Authors: Bergeron Patrick , Pagé Ariane , Trempe Maxime
Published: April 2021

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) predicts that personality and metabolism should be correlated if they function as an integrated unit along a slow-fast continuum. Over the last decade, this conceptual framework has been tested in several empirical studies over a wide array of non-human animal taxa, across multiple personality traits and using standardized measures of metabolism. However, studies associating metabolic rate and personality in humans have been surprisingly scarce. Here, we tested whether there was covariation among personality scores, measured using the Big Five Inventory test, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and preferred walking speed (PWS) in a cohort of young human adults aged between 18 and 27 years old. We found a significant, negative relationship between RMR and Extraversion; less extraverted individuals had a 30% higher RMR than the most extraverted ones. No other personality traits correlated with RMR and none correlated with PWS. The negative correlation between Extraversion and RMR may suggest an allocation energy trade-off between personality and basal metabolism. Our results yielded equivocal support for the POLS and emphasized the need for more research on human to test the generality of this conceptual framework and further assess its validity.
Recovery of dynamic stability during slips unaffected by arm swing in people with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Siragy Tarique , Hill Allen , Nantel Julie
Published: April 2021

The arm elevation strategy assists in recovering stability during slips in healthy young and elderly individuals. However, in people with Parkinson’s Disease, one of the main motor symptoms affecting the upper limbs is reduced arm swing which intensifies throughout the course of the disease before becoming absent. This holds direct implications for these individuals when encountering slips as the arm elevation strategy is an integral component in the interlimb slip response to restore stability. Arm swing’s effect in recovering from slips in people with Parkinson’s Disease though remains unexamined. Twenty people with Parkinson’s Disease (63.78 ± 8.97 years) walked with restricted and unrestricted arm swing conditions on a dual-belt treadmill where slips were induced on the least and most affected sides. Data were collected on the CAREN Extended System (Motek Medical, Amsterdam, NL). The Margin of Stability, linear and angular trunk velocities, as well as step length, time, and width were calculated. Data were examined during the slipped step and recovery step. The restricted arm swing condition, compared to unrestricted, caused a faster step time during the slipped step. Compared to the most affected leg, the least affected had a wider step width during the slipped step. During the recovery step, the least affected leg had a larger anteroposterior Margin of Stability and longer step time than the most affected. No differences between our arm swing conditions suggests that the normal arm swing in our participants was not more effective at restoring stability after an induced slip compared to when their arm motion was restricted. This may be due to the arm elevation strategy being ineffective in counteracting the slip’s backward destabilization in these individuals. Differences between the legs revealed that our participants were asymmetrically impaired in their slip recovery response.
HIV-associated nephropathy: Protocol and rationale for an exploratory genotype-phenotype study in a sub-Saharan African population
Authors: Yusuf Aminu Abba , Musa Baba Maiyaki , Galadanci Najibah Aliyu , Babashani Musa , Mohammed Aminu Zakari , Ingles Donna J. , Fogo Agnes B. , Wester C. William , Aliyu Muktar Hassan
Published: April 2021

Background

HIV-positive persons of African descent are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Deterioration to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) also occurs in this population at a higher frequency. There remains a lot to learn about the genetic susceptibility to CKD in HIV positive patients, and the pathophysiology of progression to ESKD.

Objectives

We will conduct an exploratory genotype-phenotype study in HIV-positive persons with CKD in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, to determine blood-based differential gene expression biomarkers in different kidney risk groups according to the KDIGO 2012 criteria.

Methods

We will consecutively screen 150 HIV-positive adults (≥18 years of age) attending the HIV clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, for CKD based on proteinuria and elevation of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Among these, two separate groups of 16 eligible participants each (n = 32) will be selected in the four (4) KDIGO 2012 kidney risk categories. The groups will be matched for age, sex, viral suppression level and antiretroviral (ARV) regimen. In the first group (n = 16), we will determine differential gene expression markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using mRNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). We will validate the differential expression markers in the second group (n = 16) using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using a systems-based approach, we will construct, visualize and analyze gene-gene interaction networks to determine the potential biological roles of identified differential expression markers based on published literature and publicly available databases.

Results

Our exploratory study will provide valuable information on the potential roles of differential expression biomarkers in the pathophysiology of HIV-associated kidney disease by identifying novel biomarkers in different risk categories of CKD in a sub-Saharan African population. The results of this study will provide the basis for population-based genome-wide association studies to guide future personalized medicine approaches.

Conclusion

Validated biomarkers can be potential targets for the development of stage-specific therapeutic interventions, an essential paradigm in precision medicine.
Alternative culture, civil society and class struggle
Authors: Praznik Katja
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The abridged Chapter 5 from Praznik’s Slovenian book The Paradox of Unpaid Artistic Labour: Autonomy of Art, the Avant-Garde and Cultural Policy in the Transition to Post-Socialism (Ljubljana: Sophia, 2016) reconsiders alternative art workers’
political agenda of the 1980s in light of political transformations of late Yugoslav socialism and the emergence of neo-liberal rationality. During the 1980s, art workers of the alternative art scene in Yugoslavia aimed to redefine and transform socialist production model by critiquing socialist
ideology and institutions without taking issue with class differences in the arts. The chapter demonstrates how the 1980s alternative art scene did not consider transformations of working relations of the freelance art workers who were at that time redefined by cultural policy as socialist
cultural entrepreneurs. By examining government’s attitudes of and policies for artistic labour the author argues that the spontaneous absorption of neo-liberalism (the realization of personal freedom) and exclusive focus on the critique of repressive state apparatuses during the late
Yugoslav socialist period undermined the mandate of the welfare state’s institutions, which secured collective social reproduction and security. After the destruction of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, the protagonists of the alternative art scene became members of the post-socialist
precariat of self-employed cultural entrepreneurs who are divorced from social security and economic stability.
One-dimensional artist/intellectual in the heteronomy of labour
Authors: Kobolt Katja
Published: April 2021

Abstract

It will take us a long time to address (and hopefully overcome?!) all the saturations of the surveillance capitalist condition that the COVID-19 pandemic has succeeded to accelerate. The ban or limitations regarding meetings, gatherings and other regulations aimed
at limiting the spread of this airborne disease have altered the production and (re)presentation modalities. It is to be expected that some of the newly introduced or intensified modalities are here to stay in post-pandemic times. Since the pandemic, in art organisations, project teams and
the media, discussions on possible (or impossible) presentational frameworks for artistic as well as intellectual practices (previously) based on shared curated timed spaces, such as exhibitions, performances, concerts, discursive programmes, seminars, conferences, etc., have been on the running
order. While individuals and groups have been serially zooming on ‘how?’, despite the measures of protection and in accordance with them, public presentations of different artistic and intellectual ‘outputs’ would be possible only to afterwards start another marathon
of digital content streamings there has been less space for discussions on ‘how this new ways of presentation affect our work?’ as artists, curators, writers, producers, researchers, intellectuals and other labour profiles engage with artistic and intellectual production.
Cost Sharing Models in Game Theory = Költségelosztási modellek a játékelméletben
Authors:   , Radványi Anna Ráhel
Published: April 2021

In our thesis we examined economic situations modeled with rooted trees and directed, acyclic graphs. In the presented problems the collaboration of economic agents (players) incurred costs or created a profit, and we have sought answers to the question of \fairly" distributing this common cost or profit. We have formulated properties and axioms describing our expecta- tions of a \fair" allocation. We have utilized cooperative game theoretical methods for modeling. After the introduction, in Chapter 2 we analyzed a real-life problem and its possible solutions. These solution proposals, namely the average cost- sharing rule, the serial cost sharing rule, and the restricted average cost- sharing rule have been introduced by Aadland and Kolpin (2004). We have also presented two further water management problems that arose during the planning of the economic development of Tennessee Valley, and discussed solution proposals for them as well (Straffinn and Heaney, 1981). We analyzed if these allocations satisfied the properties we associated with the notion of \fairness". In Chapter 3 we introduced the fundamental notions and concepts of cooperative game theory. We defined the core (Shapley, 1955; Gillies, 1959) and the Shapley value (Shapley, 1953), that play an important role in finding a \fair" allocation. In Chapter 4 we presented the class of fixed-tree game and relevant ap- plications from the domain of water management. In Chapter 5 we discussed the classes of airport and irrigation games, and the characterizations of these classes. We extended the results of Dubey (1982) and Moulin and Shenker (1992) on axiomatization of the Shapley value on the class of airport games to the class of irrigation games. We have \translated" the axioms used in cost allocation literature to the axioms corresponding to TU games, thereby providing two new versions of the results of Shapley (1953) and Young (1985). In Chapter 6 we introduced the upstream responsibility games and char- acterized the game class. We have shown that Shapley's and Young's char- acterizations are valid on this class as well. In Chapter 7 we discussed shortest path games and have shown that this game class is equal to the class of monotone games. We have shown that further axiomatizations of the Shapley value, namely Shapley (1953)'s, Young (1985)'s, Chun (1989)'s, and van den Brink (2001)'s characterizations are valid on the class of shortest path games.
An Anomalous Cause of Portal Hypertension
Authors: Brown Sara A. , Trinh Vincent Q. , Healan Steven , Bichell David , Frischhertz Benjamin , Scanga Andrew
Published: April 2021

Portal hypertension is a syndrome marked by an increase in the pressure of the portal vein. Portal hypertension can be diagnosed clinically or if the measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient is greater than 5 mm Hg. Cirrhosis is the most common etiology in Western countries, but there are other causes which lead to presinusoidal portal hypertension. We present a patient with a rare cause of portal hypertension.
Análisis de componentes biofísicos del balance de radiación neta, usando teledetección, en la cuenca hidrográfica de Sorocaba con bosque atlántico intervenido, Brasil
Authors: Moreno Arteaga Argemiro José , Neto da Silva Manoel Mariano , Vidal Mota Gabriel , Tapia Aguirre Salmi Lizzeth , Barbosa da Silva Bernardo
Published: April 2021

Los ecosistemas forestales, como el bosque atlántico en América del sur, han sido removidos para dar lugar a actividades agropecuarias y asentamiento humanos. Tal situación estaría ocasionando cambios en la absorción de la energía solar en la superficie terrestre, lo que modifica el consumo de radiación neta, que, a su vez, puede influir en la temperatura del aire. Por consiguiente, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar las alteraciones de la radiación neta en la cuenca hidrográfica de Sorocaba, para analizar cómo el cambio de bosque atlántico por áreas agropecuarias y construcciones antrópicas impacta en la radiación neta y la repercusión que podría estar ocasionando en la regulación del clima local. Para esto fue determinado el balance de radiación en la cuenca y sus componentes biofísicos (NDVI, temperatura superficial, albedo y radiación emitida), por medio del modelo SEBAL, utilizando imágenes OLI/TIRS–Landsat 8 y ASTER(GDEM). Los resultados revelaron que las zonas construidas, seguidas por las agropecuarias, en comparación con la de bosque atlántico, presentan valores de albedo y temperatura superficial superiores, y, consecuentemente, mayores flujos de calor emitido a la atmósfera en forma de radiación infrarroja. Por consiguiente, se generó menores consumo de radiación neta, cuya media para las áreas boscosas, agrícolas, con pastos, suelos desnudos y construidas fue de 712,40Wm-2, 669,40Wm-2, 629,90Wm-2, 616,60Wm-2 y 524,40Wm-2, respectivamente. Así, la deforestación en la cuenca ocasionó que disminuyera la radiación neta y se emita más calor a la atmósfera, lo que favorece el efecto invernadero (principal causante del calentamiento global), en detrimento de poder regular la temperatura del aire.
La privatización de los cenotes en el traspaís yucateco de Cancún-Riviera Maya
Authors: Jouault Samuel
Published: April 2021

Desde finales del siglo pasado, los geógrafos emplean el concepto de turistificación, que se define como un proceso complejo de transformación de un territorio a través de la actividad turística, en el que intervienen diversos intereses. En los últimos años, sin embargo, esta palabra se ha popularizado en otras áreas con una connotación distinta: ha predominado el uso que alude a una idea negativa sobre el turismo, a la masificación de un destino o como sinónimo de aburguesamiento o turismo-fobia.
Characteristic of the chemical composition of Artemisia pontica L.
Authors: Panasenko O. I. , Mozul V. I. , Denysenko O. M. , Aksonova I. I. , Oberemko T. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work is to determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of biologically active compounds of Artemisia pontica L. Definition prospects of medicinal herbal raw materials in the treatment of diseases.

Materials and methods. Research material (Artemisia pontica L. herb) was collected in August 2019 in the Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine. The tincture was obtained by maceration. So, the tincture was being extracted with methyl alcohol at room temperature for 10 days. The tincture was extracted with methyl alcohol at room temperature for 10 days according to the method of preparing tinctures. The study of the chemical composition of tincture of Artemisia pontica L. was carried out using gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B GC System (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with mass spectrometric detector Agilent 5977 BGC/MSD (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and chromatographic column DB-5ms (30 m × 250 mkm × 0.25 mkm).

Results. 26 compounds were identified by analysis. Compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid (16.71 %), 9,12,15-(Z,Z,Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13.29 %), 2-(4a,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid (8.80 %), 8-nitro-(1H)quinolin-4-ol-2-one (6.45 %) and neophytadiene (4.66 %) prevail in tincture. A literature review showed that n-hexadecanoic acid stimulates anti-inflammatory processes in human immune cells through TLR4 receptors, it has antitumor and antidiabetic activity and it also has anti-inflammatory effects. Derivatives of 9,12,15-(Z,Z,Z)-octadecatrienoic acid are used in diabetes therapy. 2-(4a,8-Dimethyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid is an immunosuppressant and probably improves tissue insulin sensitivity. In addition, it is necessary to underline the presence of neophytadiene that has an anti-inflammatory effect. The presence of β-phellandrene provides insecticidal and eucalyptol anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusions. Considering the individual actions of the individual components, Artemisia pontica L. herb can be recommended for further research on its anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects.
Phytochemical profile and diuretic activity of the bearberry leaves dry extracts
Authors: Chaika N. B. , Koshovyi O. M. , Komisarenko M. A. , Borodina N. V. , Kireyev I. V. , Starchenko H. Yu.
Published: April 2021

More than 150 million cases of infectious diseases of the urinary system are registered annually in the world. Common bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L.) leaves is one of the most well-known species of raw materials with uroantiseptic and diuretic activity. The method of a decoction obtaining from bearberry leaves is well known, but this dosage form is non-standardized, poorly stored and difficult to maintain the accuracy of dosing. In this regard, the development of domestic standardized medicines based on bearberry leaves is an urgent aim of modern pharmacy.

The aim of the research is to study the phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of the bearberry leaves dry extracts, obtained by various extractants, to identify the most promising substance with diuretic and uroantiseptic activity.

Materials and methods. The subjects were the dry extracts obtained from bearberry leaves with purified water and ethanol solutions (30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 96 %). Determination of the main BAS extracts was performed by TLC, HPLC and spectrophotometry. Determination of diuretic activity of the extracts was performed by the method of E. B. Berchin, antibacterial activity – by diffusion into agar.

Results. Arbutin, 2 phenolic acids, 6 flavonoids and 8 saponins were detected in the bearberry extracts. The results showed that arbutin and saponins are better extracted with water and diluted solutions of ethanol, while phenolic acids and flavonoids – with 50–70 % ethanol. As a result of studying the diuretic activity of the bearberry extracts, it was found that the highest diuretic activity has the extract obtained with 50 % ethanol at a dose of 50 mg/kg, increasing diuresis by 70 %. The bearberry leaves extracts showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and C. albicans. The content of different groups of phenolic compounds, economic factor and pharmacological activity showed that 50 % ethanol is the optimal extractant for extraction phenolic compounds from bearberry leaves and creation of new medicines from the raw materials.

Conclusions. As a result of phytochemical and pharmacological studies, it was found that the dry bearberry leaves extract obtained with 50 % ethanol solution was the most promising substance with diuretic and uroantiseptic action