bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World Workshop in Oral Medicine VII: Reporting of IMMPACT‐recommended outcome domains in randomized controlled trials of burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Farag Arwa M. , Albuquerque Rui , Ariyawardana Anura , Chmieliauskaite Milda , Forssell Heli , Nasri‐Heir Cibele , Klasser Gary D. , Sardella Andrea , Mignogna Michele D. , Ingram Mark , Carlson Charles R. , Miller Craig S.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To determine the frequency of use of the core outcome domains published by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) in burning mouth syndrome (BMS) randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

This systematic review, conducted as part of the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII (WWOM VII), was performed by searching the literature for studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database/Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar from January 1994 (when the first BMS definition came out) through October 2017.

Results

A total of 36 RCTs (n = 2,175 study participants) were included and analyzed. The overall reporting of the IMMPACT core and supplemental outcome domains was low even after the publication of the IMMPACT consensus papers in 2003 and 2005 (mean before IMMPACT consensus publication = 2.6 out of 6; mean after IMMPACT publication = 3.8 out of 6). Use of validated assessment tools recommended by the IMMPACT consensus was scarce (1.9 out of 6). None of the RCTs reviewed cited the IMMPACT consensus papers.

Conclusions

The underreporting of IMMPACT outcome domains in BMS RCTs is significant. Raising awareness regarding the existence of standardized outcome domains in chronic pain research is essential to ensure more accurate, comparable, and consistent interpretation of RCT findings that can be clinically translatable.
World workshop on oral medicine VII: Direct anticoagulant agents management for invasive oral procedures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Manfredi Maddalena , Dave Bella , Percudani Daniela , Christoforou Janina , Karasneh Jumana , Diz Dios Pedro , Glick Michael , Kumar Navdeep , Lockhart Peter B. , Patton Lauren L.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current literature regarding the importance of discontinuing or not discontinuing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) before invasive oral procedures, and to establish the frequency and type of postoperative bleeding events in patients.

Material and Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up until November 5, 2018. Selection of the studies, extraction of data, qualitative, and bias assessment was performed independently by two authors.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were included. No randomized controlled studies were identified. Six studies reported a direct comparison between patients taking DOACs and those who discontinued DOACs. The meta‐analysis of these studies resulted in an OR of 0.92 (95% CI = 0.37–2.27, I2 = 9%) for postoperative bleeding events for patients taking DOACs. We found that 59/497 (11.8%) postoperative bleeding events occurred in patients who continued DOACs, while 27/200 (13.5%) events were reported for patients who discontinued treatment. All postoperative bleeding events were controlled with local measures.

Conclusion

Results from the included studies did not discern any important differences in postoperative bleeding events in patients who continued versus patients who discontinued DOACs. Furthermore, no thromboembolic events were recorded. However, the low quality of the studies must be considered.
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in oral leukoplakia: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: Villa Alessandro , Celentano Antonio , Glurich Ingrid , Borgnakke Wenche S. , Jensen Siri Beier , Peterson Douglas E. , Delli Konstantina , Ojeda David , Vissink Arjan , Farah Camile S.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To identify the prognostic biomarker candidates for stratification and long‐term surveillance of oral leukoplakia progressing to cancer via a systematic literature review.

Materials and Methods

Systematic searches with no date restrictions were conducted on March 29, 2018, targeting the databases PubMed (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), EBM (Ovid), and Web of Science (ISI). Bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Biomarkers were stratified based on hallmarks of cancer.

Results

Inclusion criteria were met by 25 of 3,415 studies. A range of biomarkers were evaluated experimentally for risk stratification, prognosis, and surveillance of oral leukoplakia in tissue, blood, and saliva. However, the studies were highly heterogeneous and require further validation. Biomarkers reported in these studies included inflammatory or oxidative markers, growth factors, ion channels, genetic and cellular regulatory factors, and epigenetic biomarkers. Studies tended to include small sample sizes, under‐reported or variably reported histopathological data, did not address potential confounding, reported limited/variable follow‐up data, or lacked a control group. Inclusion of subsets from chemoprevention trials may have introduced bias regarding reported malignant transformation rates and accuracy of prognostic biomarkers.

Conclusions

This review identified insufficient longitudinal evidence to support validated prognostic biomarkers for oral leukoplakia. Further studies are needed to identify molecular targets with the potential to mitigate risk of malignant transformation.
Sjögren’s syndrome and ranula development
Authors: Sato Kazumichi , Yoshida Yoshifumi , Sakai Katsuhiko , Shibui Takeo , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Baba Akira , Nomura Takeshi
Published: May 2019

Objectives

We hypothesized that the extravasation of saliva from damaged ducts with lymphocytic infiltration in patients with Sjögren's syndrome causes ranulas. There are too many uncertainties to support this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between Sjögren's syndrome and ranulas.

Materials and Methods

We observed three cases of patients with ranulas who were also diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome at the same facility. These cases led to the question of whether there are other such cases, and thus, an exhaustive literature search was conducted.

Results

Three cases in two case reports of mucocele of the floor of the mouth associated with adult Sjögren's syndrome were noted. Including our cases, until now, there have been six cases of ranula with adult Sjögren's syndrome.

Conclusions

It could be useful to investigate whether patients presenting with a ranula are also affected by Sjögren's syndrome and, conversely, investigate patients with Sjögren's syndrome longitudinally to see whether they develop ranulas.
Global Luck Egalitarianism and Border Control
Authors: Angell Kim , Huseby Robert
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses what implications global luck egalitarianism (GLE) has for border control. Some authors suggest that an open‐borders policy follows from GLE. The idea is that various unchosen inequalities inevitably follow from differences in birthplace, such that GLE will always have principled reason to condemn closed borders. Others are skeptical of the assumption that GLE will have liberal implications for border control, because open borders may have other, adverse effects that outweigh the reductions in unjust inequality. Against such skeptics, we argue that GLE will (typically) have quite liberal implications for border control. However, this connection is not a principled one: Whether (and to what extent) GLE favors opening or closing borders will depend upon empirical circumstances.
The Frontiers of Uncertainty Estimation in Interdisciplinary Disaster Research and Practice
Authors: Nateghi Roshanak , Sutton Jeannette , Murray‐Tuite Pamela
Published: May 2019

Conceptualizing, assessing, and managing disaster risks involve collecting and synthesizing pluralistic information—from natural, built, and human systems—to characterize disaster impacts and guide policy on effective resilience investments. Disaster research and practice, therefore, are highly complex and inherently interdisciplinary endeavors. Characterizing the uncertainties involved in interdisciplinary disaster research is imperative, since misrepresenting uncertainty can lead to myopic decisions and suboptimal societal outcomes. Efficacious disaster mitigation should, therefore, explicitly address the uncertainties associated with all stages of hazard modeling, preparation, and response. However, uncertainty assessment and communication in the context of interdisciplinary disaster research remain understudied. In this “Perspective” article, we argue that in harnessing interdisciplinary methods and diverse data types in disaster research, careful deliberations on assessing Type III and Type IV errors are imperative. Additionally, we discuss the pathologies in frequentist approaches, calling for an increasing role for Bayesian methods in uncertainty estimations. Moreover, we discuss the potential tradeoffs associated with information and uncertainty, calling for deliberate consideration of the role of diversity of information prior to setting the scope in interdisciplinary modeling. Future research guided by further reflections on the ideas raised in this article could help push the frontiers of uncertainty estimation in interdisciplinary hazard research and practice.
Defining a novel subset of CD1d‐dependent type II natural killer T cells using natural killer cell‐associated markers
Authors: Singh Avadhesh Kumar , Rhost Sara , Löfbom Linda , Cardell Susanna L.
Published: May 2019

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are αβ T cell receptor (TCR) expressing innate‐like T cells that display natural killer (NK) cell markers. Based on TCR characteristics, they are divided into two groups restricted to the MHC class I‐like molecule CD1d. Type I NKT cells, most extensively studied, are identified by a semi‐invariant Vα14‐Jα18 (mouse, Vα24‐Jα18 in humans) TCR reactive to the prototypic ligand α‐galactosylceramide presented on CD1d. In contrast, type II NKT cells display diverse TCR reacting to different CD1d‐presented ligands. There are no reagents that identify all type II NKT cells, limiting their exploration. Here, we searched for novel type II NKT cells by comparing Jα18−/−MHCII−/− mice that harbour type II but not type I NKT cells, and CD1d−/−MHCII−/− mice, lacking all NKT cells. We identified significantly larger populations of CD4+ and CD4−CD8− (double negative, DN) TCRβ+ cells expressing NKG2D or NKG2A/C/E in Jα18−/−MHCII−/− mice compared with CD1d−/−MHCII−/− mice, suggesting that 30%‐50% of these cells were type II NKT cells. They expressed CD122, NK1.1, CXCR3 and intermediate/low levels of CD45RB. Further, the CD4+ subset was CD69+, while the DN cells were CD49b+ and CD62L+. Both subsets expressed the NKT cell‐associated promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (PLZF) transcription factor and Tbet, while fewer cells expressed RORγt. NKG2D+ CD4+ and DN populations were producers of IFN‐γ, but rarely IL‐4 and IL‐17. Taken together, we identify a novel subset of primary CD4+ and DN type II NKT cells that expresses NKG2 receptors have typical NKT cell phenotypes and a TH1‐like cytokine production.
The Role of Opioid Use in Distinguishing between Suicidal Ideation and Attempts
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Tull Matthew T. , Butterworth Sarah E. , Richmond Julia R. , Houtsma Claire , Forbes Courtney N. , Gratz Kim L.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Opioid use disorders are associated with heightened suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death. This study aimed to examine the extent to which opioid differentiates between those with suicide attempts from those with lifetime suicidal ideation but no history of attempt.

Methods

Participants were drawn from the US National Guard and a residential substance use treatment facility. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to determine the extent to which a lifetime history of nonmedical opioid use differentiated between (1) individuals with no lifetime history of suicidal ideation or attempt, (2) individuals with a history of suicidal ideation but no attempt, and (3) individuals with a history of at least one suicide attempt.

Results

History of opioid use among National Guard personnel and opioid use disorders among substance‐dependent patients were associated with an increased likelihood of having at least one suicide attempt relative to both a history of suicidal ideation but no attempts and no history of ideation or attempts. Findings held when accounting for lifetime nonmedical use of other substances and the presence of other lifetime substance use disorders.

Conclusions

Results highlight the importance of assessing for suicide risk among opioid users.
Perioperative complications and outcome after surgery for treatment of gastric carcinoma in dogs: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study of 40 cases (2004–2018)
Authors: Abrams Brittany , Wavreille Vincent A. , Husbands Brian D. , Matz Brad M. , Massari Federico , Liptak Julius M. , Cray Megan T. , de Mello Souza Carlos Henrique , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan G. , Oblak Michelle L. , Su Lillian , Selmic Laura E.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To describe the clinical characteristics, perioperative complications, and outcomes in dogs surgically treated for gastric carcinoma.

Study design

Multi‐institutional retrospective case series.

Animals

Forty client‐owned dogs with histologically confirmed gastric carcinoma.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed for preoperative diagnostics, surgery, histopathology, postoperative complications, adjuvant chemotherapy, disease progression, and survival. Variables were assessed for associations with outcome by using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results

Surgical treatment included partial gastrectomy (28 dogs), Billroth I (9 dogs), subtotal gastrectomy (2 dogs), and submucosal resection (1 dog). Major postoperative complications occurred in 8 of 40 dogs, including septic peritonitis secondary to dehiscence in 4 dogs. The median progression free interval was 54 days, and the median survival time (MST) was 178 days (range, 1–1902). According to multivariable analysis results, experiencing an intraoperative complication was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–9.8, P = .005), and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy correlated with an improved survival (HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9, P = .03).

Conclusion

In this population of dogs, MST exceeded historically reported data, major postoperative complication rates were comparable to established literature, and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved survival.

Clinical significance

Results from this study may be used to counsel owners more accurately regarding prognosis for dogs undergoing surgical excision for gastric carcinoma.
Clinical outcomes of 119 miniature‐ and toy‐breed dogs with 140 distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with free‐form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation
Authors: Aikawa Takeshi , Miyazaki Yuta , Saitoh Yuya , Sadahiro Shigeo , Nishimura Masaaki
Published: May 2019

Objective

To report the clinical outcomes of miniature‐ and toy‐breed dogs with primary and previously treated distal radial and ulnar fractures (RUF) treated with a free‐form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation (ESF).

Study design

Retrospective study.

Animals

One hundred nineteen dogs with 140 distal RUF.

Methods

Medical records (2003–2017) were reviewed for dogs weighing up to 7 kg that had been treated for distal RUF with a free‐form multiplanar type II ESF. Data collected included signalment, fracture location and configuration, fracture reduction, intraoperative realignment, time to bone union and implant removal, duration of destabilization and postoperative splint, complications, and outcomes. Follow‐up consisted of clinical and radiographic evaluation or telephone interview.

Results

All fractures healed, with a median time of 60 days, and entire ESF was removed, with a median time of 89 days. Major complications occurred in four fractures: premature pin loosening, elbow subluxation, osteomyelitis, and delayed union. Minor complications occurred in 52 fractures (61 events). All dogs had a successful return to normal limb function at final follow‐up (median, seven months; range, 2–97).

Conclusion

All primary and previously treated distal RUF in miniature‐ and toy‐breed dogs healed and allowed return to normal function after fixation with a free‐form multiplanar type II ESF.

Clinical significance

The free‐form multiplanar type II ESF provides an alternative for minimally invasive fixation of distal RUF in miniature‐ and toy‐breed dogs that facilitates fracture reduction, intraoperative realignment, adequate initial fixation stability, destabilization, and implant removal.
Visual Atlas Analysis of Acceleration Sensor Research Literature Based on CiteSpace Bibliometrics
Authors: Zeng Yunhui , Lin Xiaoming , Zhang Ziyi , Chen Yilin , Fan Guo , Guo Hongfei
Published: May 2019

This paper uses CiteSpace information visualization software to visualize the acceleration sensor research literature based on more than 1100 literatures in the field of acceleration sensor research and application from 2010 to 2018. From the point of view of bibliometrics, the paper analyzes the visualization map of hot spot distribution, such as the country, discipline, research institution and funded status, the co-citation literature and the research frontier. Moreover, this paper compares and analyzes literature information on research and application fields of acceleration sensors at home and abroad in recent years. Information is used to evaluate the research progress and development trend of acceleration sensors, in order to provide literature reference for the relevant personnel engaged in the research of acceleration sensors.
A Mechanical Vibration-induced Electric Energy Generation (MVEG) and Applications to Ride Quality of Vehicles and International Roughness Index (IRI)
Authors: Uechi Schun T. , Uechi Hiroshi
Published: May 2019

A mechanical vibration-induced, electric energy harvesting method is discussed with applications to vibration analyses of systems of vehicles, motorboats, trains, machines and bridges, etc.. The research has evolved from the analysis of International Roughness Index (IRI), which studies roughness of road-surface as longitudinal vibrational motions in a vehicle measured with a quarter-car simulation (QCS) or Global Positioning System (GPS) with sensors such as gyro sensor and magnetometer sensor. The electric energy-convertible vibrations with information of roughness of road surface are extracted by way of an mechanoelectric energy conversion, and an energy harvesting technology suitable for the system of vehicles is discussed. The mechanical vibration-induced electric current is also suitable for IRI information measurement as well as a measure for ride quality of vehicles.
Assessment of Elastic-Plastic Fracture Behavior of Cortical Bone Using a Small Punch Testing Technique
Authors: Singh Jagjit , Sharma N. K. , Sarker M. D. , Naghieh Saman , Sehgal Satbir S. , Chen Daniel X. B.
Published: May 2019

The fracture properties of cortical bone are directly coupled to its complex hierarchical structure. The limited availability of bone material from many anatomic locations creates challenges for assessing the effect of bone heterogeneity and anisotropy on fracture properties. The small punch technique was employed to examine the fracture behavior of cortical bone in terms of area under the curve values obtained from load–load point displacement behavior. Fracture toughness of cortical bone was also determined in terms of J-toughness values obtained using a compact tension (CT) test. Area under the curve values obtained from the small punch test were correlated with the J-toughness values of cortical bone. The effects of bone density and compositional parameters on area under the curve and Jtoughness values were also analyzed using linear and multiple regression analysis. Area under the curve and J-toughness values are strongly and positively correlated. Bone density and %mineral content are positively correlated with both area under the curve and J-toughness values. The multiple regression analysis outcomes support these results. Overall, the findings support the hypothesis that area under the curve values obtained from small punch tests can be used to assess the fracture behavior of cortical bone.
Open-Source Routines for Building Personalized Left Ventricular Models From Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Authors: Phung Thien-Khoi N. , Waters Christopher D. , Holmes Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2019

Creating patient-specific models of the heart is a promising approach for predicting outcomes in response to congenital malformations, injury, or disease, as well as an important tool for developing and customizing therapies. However, integrating multimodal imaging data to construct patient-specific models is a nontrivial task. Here, we propose an approach that employs a prolate spheroidal coordinate system to interpolate information from multiple imaging datasets and map those data onto a single geometric model of the left ventricle (LV). We demonstrate the mapping of the location and transmural extent of postinfarction scar segmented from late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as mechanical activation calculated from displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) MRI. As a supplement to this paper, we provide MATLAB and Python versions of the routines employed here for download from SimTK.
Variation of Axial Residual Strains Along the Course and Circumference of Human Aorta Considering Age and Gender
Authors: Sokolis Dimitrios P. , Bompas Andreas , Papadodima Stavroula A. , Kourkoulis Stavros K.
Published: May 2019

Our understanding of aortic biomechanics is customarily limited by lack of information on the axial residual stretches of the vessel in both humans and experimental animals that would facilitate the identification of its actual zero-stress state. The aim of this study was thus to acquire hitherto unreported quantitative knowledge of axial opening angle and residual stretches in different segments and quadrants of the human aorta according to age and gender. Twenty-three aortas were harvested during autopsy from the aortic root to the iliac bifurcation and were divided into ≥12 segments and 4 quadrants. Morphometric measurements were taken in the excised/curled configuration of rectangular strips considered to be under zero-stress using image-analysis software to study the axial/circumferential variation of axial opening angle, internal/external residual stretch, and thickness of the aortic wall. The measured data demonstrated: (1) an axial opening angle peak at the arch branches, decreasing toward the ascending and to a near-constant value in the descending thoracic aorta, and increasing in the abdominal aorta; (2) the variation of residual stretches resembled that of opening angle, but axial differences in external residual stretch were more prominent; (3) wall thickness showed a progressive diminution along the vessel; (4) the highest opening angle/residual stretches were found in the inner quadrant and the lowest in the outer quadrant; (5) the anterior was the thinnest quadrant throughout the aorta; (6) age caused thickening but greatly reduced axial opening angle/residual stretches, without differences between males and females.
Fingertip-Sized Pressure Sensor for Luer Taper of Three-Way Stopcock in Liquid Channel
Authors: Takenaka Kei , Togashi Shigenori , Kazama Atsushi , Miyajima Kentaro , Nagano Takashi
Published: May 2019

We developed an easily attachable fingertip-sized pressure sensor (FSPS) for a three-way stopcock in a liquid channel of a heart–lung machine. The FSPS has a double-pipe structure with a semispherical soft film cap on the pointed end and a diaphragm semiconductor strain sensor on the other end. An enclosed space of variable volume covered with the soft film cap prevents the semiconductor strain sensor from coming into direct contact with blood, and the double-pipe structure decreases the strain on the strain sensor when inserting the FSPS into the female-fitting part of the luer taper. It is difficult to fabricate a very fine double-pipe structure by cutting or injection molding. Instead, we fabricated it by using a three-dimensional (3D) printer. Moreover, it is difficult to fabricate a semispherical soft film cap with a 3D printer, so we fabricated it with a resin casting method using silicone resin. Experiments on the FSPS using a variable pressure liquid channel showed that it is not affected by inserting it into the female-fitting part of the luer taper and that it can accurately measure pressure in a liquid channel within a pressure range from 0 to 100 kPa.
On the oxidation behavior of cathodic arc evaporated Al-Cr-Fe and Al-Cr-Fe-O coatings. II. Transmission electron microscopy investigations of Al0.675Cr0.275Fe0.05-based films
Authors: Koller Christian Martin , Kirnbauer Alexander , Kolozsvári Szilárd , Ramm Jürgen , Mayrhofer Paul-Heinz
Published: May 2019

Detailed transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to complement preceding investigations on Al0.675Cr0.275Fe0.05-based intermetallic coatings and substoichiometric oxides after ambient air annealing between 900 and 1300 °C. Oxidation of the intermetallic coating occurs uniformly via the formation of a metastable θ-Al2O3 scale at the surface and occasionally along the grain and defect boundaries deep into the coating, which then with higher oxidation temperature phase transform into the α structure. Substoichiometric films prepared with 50 sccm O2 per active source (p.a.s., ∼25 at. % O within the coatings; consisting of a nanocompositelike structure) show a complex elemental and structural separation with preferred oxidation of Al-rich regions to α-Al2O3 already at 900 °C. Cr- and Fe-containing domains remain mostly intermetallic up to Tox = 1300 °C, where coarse-grained solid solution α-(Al,Cr,Fe)2O3 phases are formed. Selective oxidation and phase separation are also observed for coatings having initially 40–50 at. % oxygen (prepared with 100 sccm O2 p.a.s.); however, the formation of α-structured (Al,Cr,Fe)2O3 grains is observed already at 1000 °C. The possibility to alter the phase formation sequence and microstructure of Al-Cr and Al-Cr-Fe coatings by adjusting the oxygen flow during synthesis (below the threshold to stoichiometric sesquioxides) was thus corroborated.
Metamaterials in musical acoustics: A modified frame drum
Authors: Bader Rolf , Fischer Jost , Münster Malte , Kontopidis Patrick
Published: May 2019

Mechanical musical instruments have a restricted timbre variability compared to electronic instruments. Overcoming this is the aim of extended playing techniques as well as building more sophisticated musical instruments in recent years. Metamaterials might be a way to extend timbre of mechanical instruments way beyond their present sound capabilities. To investigate such possibilities, a frame drum is manipulated to achieve different sounds. On the drum membrane of 40 cm diameter, a ring of masses is attached in three diameters, 8, 10, and 12 cm with 10 masses each, leading to a cloaking behaviour of vibrations from within the ring into the area outside the ring and vice versa, as shown by microphone-array and high-speed laser interferometry measurements. The resulting sounds have a band gap between about 300 and 400 Hz to about 700–800 Hz, depending on the ring diameter. The 8 cm diameter ring shows the strongest amplitude attenuation in the band gap. Still, when striking the membrane outside the ring, it sounds like a regular drum. This leads to a tremendously increased variability of musical articulations, especially when striking in the ring, as a band gap sound cannot be produced by a regular drum.
Patients With Medial Knee Osteoarthritis Reduce Medial Knee Contact Forces by Altering Trunk Kinematics, Progression Speed, and Stepping Strategy During Stair Ascent and Descent: A Pilot Study
Authors: Meireles Susana , Reeves Neil D. , Jones Richard K. , Smith Colin R. , Thelen Darryl G. , Jonkers Ilse
Published: May 2019

Medial knee loading during stair negotiation in individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis has only been reported in terms of joint moments, which may underestimate the knee loading. This study assessed knee contact forces (KCF) and contact pressures during different stair negotiation strategies. Motion analysis was performed in 5 individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis (52.8 [11.0] y) and 8 healthy subjects (51.0 [13.4] y) while ascending and descending a staircase. KCF and contact pressures were calculated using a multibody knee model while performing step-over-step at controlled and self-selected speed, and step-by-step strategies. At controlled speed, individuals with osteoarthritis showed decreased peak KCF during stair ascent but not during stair descent. Osteoarthritis patients showed higher trunk rotations in frontal and sagittal planes than controls. At lower self-selected speed, patients also presented reduced medial KCF during stair descent. While performing step-by-step, medial contact pressures decreased in osteoarthritis patients during stair descent. Osteoarthritis patients reduced their speed and increased trunk flexion and lean angles to reduce KCF during stair ascent. These trunk changes were less safe during stair descent where a reduced speed was more effective. Individuals should be recommended to use step-over-step during stair ascent and step-by-step during stair descent to reduce medial KCF.
Estimating the Maximum Isometric Force-Generating Capacity of Wheelchair Racing Athletes for Simulation Purposes
Authors: Lewis Amy R. , Robertson William S.P. , Phillips Elissa J. , Grimshaw Paul N. , Portus Marc
Published: May 2019

For the wheelchair racing population, it is uncertain whether musculoskeletal models using the maximum isometric force-generating capacity of nonathletic, able-bodied individuals are appropriate, as few anthropometric parameters for wheelchair athletes are reported in the literature. In this study, a sensitivity analysis was performed in OpenSim, whereby the maximum isometric force-generating capacity of muscles was adjusted in 25% increments to literature-defined values between scaling factors of 0.25x and 4.0x for 2 elite athletes, at 3 speeds representative of race conditions. Convergence of the solution was used to assess the results. Artificially weakening a model presented unrealistic values, while artificially strengthening a model excessively (4.0x) demonstrated physiologically invalid muscle force values. The ideal scaling factors were 1.5x and 1.75x for each of the athletes, respectively, as was assessed through convergence of the solution. This was similar to the relative difference in limb masses between dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry data and anthropometric data in the literature (1.49x and 1.70x), suggesting that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry may be used to estimate the required scaling factors. The reliability of simulations for elite wheelchair racing athletes can be improved by appropriately increasing the maximum isometric force-generating capacity of muscles.
Gender, Coaching, and Occupational Turnover
Authors: Cunningham George B. , Ahn Na Young , Anderson Arden J. , Dixon Marlene A.
Published: May 2019

Women are underrepresented in coaching positions, both at the assistant and head coach levels. The purpose of this study was to examine one reason for this occurrence: gender differences in occupational turnover. The authors provided a review of the literature related to occupational turnover, integrating coaching and organizational psychology literatures. Based on these frameworks, the authors then conducted a meta-analysis of the quantitative research in the area, statistically aggregating results from 10 samples and 2,802 coaches. Results indicated that women intend to leave coaching sooner than do men (d = .38). Drawing from the review, the authors then examined potential reasons for the differences. Contrary to expectations, women were younger (d = −.56) and had shorter occupational tenures (d = −.59) than men, suggesting that other factors, such as their aspirations for advancement or the macro-level barriers they encounter, make coaching an unattractive option. Women had lower aspirations for advancement in the profession (d = −.74) and less positive experiences in coaching (d = −.23), though organizational experiences did not vary by gender. The results collectively suggest that occupational constraints can limit women’s aspirations and intentions to remain in coaching, even beyond what would be expected based on their age and time in the profession.
Genomic signatures of extensive inbreeding in Isle Royale wolves, a population on the threshold of extinction
Authors: Robinson Jacqueline A. , Räikkönen Jannikke , Vucetich Leah M. , Vucetich John A. , Peterson Rolf O. , Lohmueller Kirk E. , Wayne Robert K.
Published: May 2019

Extended runs of homozygosity harboring recessive mutations underlie severe inbreeding depression in Isle Royale wolves.
Pre-conception maternal helminth infection transfers via nursing long-lasting cellular immunity against helminths to offspring
Authors: Darby Matthew G. , Chetty Alisha , Mrjden Dunja , Rolot Marion , Smith Katherine , Mackowiak Claire , Sedda Delphine , Nyangahu Donald , Jaspan Heather , Toellner Kai-Michael , Waisman Ari , Quesniaux Valerie , Ryffel Bernhard , Cunningham Adam F. , Dewals Benjamin G. , Brombacher Frank , Horsnell William G. C.
Published: May 2019

Mothers transfer immune cells via breastfeeding to provide offspring with long-term protection from parasitic infection.
MAGE cancer-testis antigens protect the mammalian germline under environmental stress
Authors: Fon Tacer Klementina , Montoya Marhiah C. , Oatley Melissa J. , Lord Tessa , Oatley Jon M. , Klein Jonathon , Ravichandran Ramya , Tillman Heather , Kim MinSoo , Connelly Jon P. , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Bookout Angie L. , Binshtock Emily , Kamiński Marcin M. , Potts Patrick Ryan
Published: May 2019

Mammals evolved testis-specific
Mage-a
genes to protect the male germline under starvation stress and are co-opted in cancer.
Temporal scaling of aging as an adaptive strategy of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Yifan , Santos Ana L. , Xu Luping , Lotton Chantal , Taddei François , Lindner Ariel B.
Published: May 2019

Bacteria follow the human aging law of exponential mortality, with an aging rate tuned by feast-or-famine life history.
Magnetically actuated microrobots as a platform for stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jeon Sungwoong , Kim Sangwon , Ha Shinwon , Lee Seungmin , Kim Eunhee , Kim So Yeun , Park Sun Hwa , Jeon Jung Ho , Kim Sung Won , Moon Cheil , Nelson Bradley J. , Kim Jin-young , Yu Seong-Woon , Choi Hongsoo
Published: May 2019

Magnetic microrobots developed for 3D culture and precise delivery of cells were successfully controlled in various environments.
Accurate needle-free assessment of myocardial oxygenation for ischemic heart disease in canines using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yang Hsin-Jung , Oksuz Ilkay , Dey Damini , Sykes Jane , Klein Michael , Butler John , Kovacs Michael S. , Sobczyk Olivia , Cokic Ivan , Slomka Piotr J. , Bi Xiaoming , Li Debiao , Tighiouart Mourad , Tsaftaris Sotirios A. , Prato Frank S. , Fisher Joseph A. , Dharmakumar Rohan
Published: May 2019

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with repeat hypercapnia accurately detects myocardial oxygenation changes in a dog model of ischemic heart disease.
A breath of fresh air for donor lungs
Authors: Weaver Jessica D.
Published: May 2019

Donor lungs damaged by gastric aspiration can be regenerated to meet transplantation criteria by an interventional cross circulation platform.
Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Cefoperazone-Sulbactam versus Cefepime in the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Liu Jien-Wei , Chen Yen-Hsu , Lee Wen-Sen , Lin Jung-Chung , Huang Ching-Tai , Lin Hsi-Hsun , Liu Yung-Ching , Chuang Yin-Ching , Tang Hung-Jen , Chen Yao-Shen , Ko Wen-Chien , Lu Min-Chi , Wang Fu-Der
Published: May 2019

Cefoperazone, a third-generation cephamycin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and the ability to permeate bacterial cell membranes, is active against commonly encountered multidrug-resistant pathogens for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP).
Intercellular Transfer of Chromosomal Antimicrobial Resistance Genes between Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Mediated by Prophages
Authors: Wachino Jun-ichi , Jin Wanchun , Kimura Kouji , Arakawa Yoshichika
Published: May 2019

The spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among Gram-negative pathogens, including
Acinetobacter baumannii
, is primarily mediated by transferable plasmids; however, ARGs are frequently integrated into its chromosome. How ARG gets horizontally incorporated into the chromosome of
A. baumannii
, and whether it functions as a cause for further spread of ARG, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated intercellular prophage-mediated transfer of chromosomal ARGs without direct cell-cell interaction in
A. baumannii
.
Genome Sequences of Six Cluster N Mycobacteriophages, Kevin1, Nenae, Parmesanjohn, ShrimpFriedEgg, Smurph, and SpongeBob, Isolated on Mycobacterium smegmatis mc
2
155
Authors: Caratenuto Russell A. , Ciabattoni Grace O. , DesGranges Nicolas J. , Drost Cassidy L. , Gao Longhui , Gipson Brianna , Kahler Nicholas C. , Kirven Nicole A. , Melehani Julia C. , Patel Krishna , Rokes Alecia B. , Seth Ryan A. , West Matthew C. , Alhout Alexa A. , Akoto Francis F. , Capogna Nicole , Cudkevich Netta , Graham Lee H. , Grapel Matthew S. , Haleem Maaz M. , Korenberg Jamie B. , Lichak Brooke P. , McKinley Lauren N. , Mendello Kourtney R. , Murphy Caitlin E. , Pyfer Lauren M. , Ramirez Wascar A. , Reisner Julia R. , Swope Rachel H. , Thoonkuzhy Matthew J. , Vargas Lauren A. , Veliz Croldy A. , Volpe Katherine R. , Zhang Kevin D. , Faltine-Gonzalez Dylan Z. , Zuilkoski Caitlin M. , Mageeney Catherine M. , Mohammed Hamidu T. , Kenna Margaret A. , Ware Vassie C.
Published: May 2019

The annotation of six cluster N
Mycobacterium smegmatis
phages (Kevin1, Nenae, Parmesanjohn, ShrimpFriedEgg, Smurph, and SpongeBob) reveals regions of genomic diversity, particularly within the central region of the genome. The genome of Kevin1 includes two orphams (genes with no similarity to other phage genes), with one predicted to encode an AAA-ATPase.
Tuberculosis as a differential for bilateral adrenal masses in the UK
Authors: Arambewela Maulee , Ross Richard , Pirzada Omar , Balasubramanian Sabapathy P
Published: May 2019

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a potentially fatal disease. Adrenal tuberculosis(TB) causing PAI is rare in the developed world. We present a seemingly well, 78-year-old Caucasianwoman in the UK who developed adrenal crisis following elective hip surgery. Biochemical tests confirmed PAI and steroid replacement was initiated. Imaging of the abdomen demonstrated bilateral adrenal masses and a fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan showed increased uptake in both adrenals suggestive of malignancy. Following a retroperitoneoscopic left adrenalectomy, histology showed caseating necrosis with xanthogranulomatous inflammation favouring a diagnosis of TB. She was commenced on anti-TB treatment. Diagnosing adrenal TB in the west can be challenging especially in the absence of extra-adrenal TB. FDG-PET scans can be falsely positive in presence of chronic active inflammatory conditions, such as TB, and a tissue diagnosis is required. It is important that clinicians remain vigilant of this important disease, which can masquerade as malignancy.
Homeopathy-medicine induced severe alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Philips Cyriac Abby , Augustine Philip , Paramaguru Rajaguru , Ahamed Rizwan
Published: May 2019

We present a teetotaler with compensated non-alcoholic fatty-liver-disease related cirrhosis who presented with acute worsening of his chronic liver disease. The acute event was not discernible even after extensive work up and finally a transjugular liver biopsy revealed features suggestive of severe alcoholic hepatitis. The patient and the family denied occult alcohol use when questioned over multiple times and finally, the culprit ‘alcohol’ was found to be the homoeopathy medicines that the patient was consuming over a month for treatment of Gilbert’s syndrome. We retrieved and tested the homoeopathy drug for alcohol content and found an alarming 18% ethanol in the same, confirming our diagnosis.
Effect of cervical manipulation on vertebral artery and cerebral haemodynamics in patients with chronic neck pain: a crossover randomised controlled trial
Authors: Moser Nicholas , Mior Silvano , Noseworthy Michael , Côté Pierre , Wells Greg , Behr Michael , Triano John
Published: May 2019

Objective

It is hypothesised that cervical manipulation may increase the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. We aimed to determine whether cervical spine manipulation is associated with changes in vertebral artery and cerebrovascular haemodynamics measured with MRI compared with neutral neck position and maximum neck rotation in patients with chronic neck pain.

Setting

The Imaging Research Centre at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Participants

Twenty patients were included. The mean age was 32 years (SD ±12.5), mean neck pain duration was 5.3 years (SD ±5.7) and mean neck disability index score was 13/50 (SD ±6.4).

Interventions

Following baseline measurement of cerebrovascular haemodynamics, we randomised participants to: (1) maximal neck rotation followed by cervical manipulation or (2) cervical manipulation followed by maximal neck rotation. The primary outcome, vertebral arteries and cerebral haemodynamics, was measured after each intervention and was obtained by measuring three-dimensional T1-weighted high-resolution anatomical images, arterial spin labelling and phase-contrast flow encoded MRI. Our secondary outcome was functional connectivity within the default mode network measured with resting state functional MRI.

Results

Compared with neutral neck position, we found a significant change in contralateral blood flow following maximal neck rotation. There was also a significant change in contralateral vertebral artery blood velocity following maximal neck rotation and cervical manipulation. We found no significant changes within the cerebral haemodynamics following cervical manipulation or maximal neck rotation. However, we observed significant increases in functional connectivity in the posterior cerebrum and cerebellum (resting state MRI) after manipulation and maximum rotation.

Conclusion

Our results are in accordance with previous work, which has shown a decrease in blood flow and velocity in the contralateral vertebral artery with head rotation. This may explain why we also observed a decrease in blood velocity with manipulation because it involves neck rotation. Our work is the first to show that cervical manipulation does not result in brain perfusion changes compared with a neutral neck position or maximal neck rotation. The changes observed were found to not be clinically meaningful and suggests that cervical manipulation may not increase the risk of cerebrovascular events through a haemodynamic mechanism.

Trial registration number

NCT02667821
Performance of triage systems in emergency care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zachariasse Joany M , van der Hagen Vera , Seiger Nienke , Mackway-Jones Kevin , van Veen Mirjam , Moll Henriette A
Published: May 2019

Objective

To assess and compare the performance of triage systems for identifying high and low-urgency patients in the emergency department (ED).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

EMBASE, Medline OvidSP, Cochrane central, Web of science and CINAHL databases from 1980 to 2016 with the final update in December 2018.

Eligibility criteria

Studies that evaluated an emergency medical triage system, assessed validity using any reference standard as proxy for true patient urgency and were written in English. Studies conducted in low(er) income countries, based on case scenarios or involving less than 100 patients were excluded.

Review methods

Reviewers identified studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of the evidence independently and in duplicate. The Quality Assessment of studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Reviews -2 checklist was used to assess risk of bias. Raw data were extracted to create 2×2 tables and calculate sensitivity and specificity. ED patient volume and casemix severity of illness were investigated as determinants of triage systems’ performance.

Results

Sixty-six eligible studies evaluated 33 different triage systems. Comparisons were restricted to the three triage systems that had at least multiple evaluations using the same reference standard (Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale, Emergency Severity Index and Manchester Triage System). Overall, validity of each triage system to identify high and low-urgency patients was moderate to good, but performance was highly variable. In a subgroup analysis, no clear association was found between ED patient volume or casemix severity of illness and triage systems’ performance.

Conclusions

Established triage systems show a reasonable validity for the triage of patients at the ED, but performance varies considerably. Important research questions that remain are what determinants influence triage systems’ performance and how the performance of existing triage systems can be improved.
Prognostic model for traumatic death due to bleeding: cross-sectional international study
Authors: Ageron Francois-Xavier , Gayet-Ageron Angele , Steyerberg Ewout , Bouzat Pierre , Roberts Ian
Published: May 2019

Objective

To develop and validate a prognostic model and a simple model to predict death due to bleeding in trauma patients.

Design

Cross-sectional study with multivariable logistic regression using data from two large trauma cohorts.

Setting

274 hospitals from 40 countries in the Clinical Randomisation of Anti-fibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage (CRASH-2) trial and 24 hospitals in the Northern French Alps Trauma registry.

Participants

13 485 trauma patients in the CRASH-2 trial and 9945 patients in the Northern French Alps Trauma registry who were admitted to hospital within 3 hours of injury.

Main outcome measure

In-hospital death due to bleeding within 28 days.

Results

There were 815 (6%) deaths from bleeding in the CRASH-2 trial and 102 (1%) in the Northern French Alps Trauma registry. The full model included age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), heart rate, respiratory rate and type of injury (penetrating). The simple model included age, SBP and GCS. In a cross-validation procedure by country, discrimination and calibration were adequate (pooled C-statistic 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.88) for the full model and 0.84 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.88) for the simple model).

Conclusion

This prognostic model can identify trauma patients at risk of death due to bleeding in a wide range of settings and can support prehospital triage and trauma audit, including audit of tranexamic acid use.