bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aphelenchoides eldaricus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Pinus eldarica in western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Golhasan Behrouz , Kanzaki Natsumi
Published: May 2017

Aphelenchoides eldaricusn. sp. is described and illustrated from wood and bark samples of a dead Mondell pine in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. The new species has a body length of 597 (507-700) μm (females) and 662 (636-695) μm (males). The cuticle is weakly annulated with three lateral lines and the lip region is offset. The stylet is 9.6 (9-10) μm long with small basal swellings and the excretory pore is locatedcaone body diam. posterior to the metacorpus valve. The spicules are large with the dorsal limb 40 (38-42) μm long with a prominent rostrum and rounded apex. The female tail is conical, tapering gradually to an acute terminus with a simple ventral mucron. The male tail bears six (2 + 2 + 2) caudal papillae and a well-developed mucron. The new species belongs to the Group 2 category ofAphelenchoidesspecies and is close to four known species, namelyA. cibolensis,A. indicus,A. rutgersiandA. sacchari. Molecular analyses of the partial 18S and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene confirmed its morphological status as a new species.
Late Leaving of the Parental Home in Southern Europe: Lessons for Youth Policy
Authors: Mínguez Almudena Moreno
Published: May 2017

This article focuses on describing the late leaving of the parental home of young people in five European countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Slovenia) from a cross country perspective. In order to achieve this objective, the author has identified several factors related to the late leaving of the parental home in relation to the age norms, the youth policy and the economical family support. The descriptive analysis uses data from various international statistical sources. Empirical evidence shows that there is a specific model of late leaving home in the Mediterranean countries related to the transitional regime model. The cultural factors and institutional factors may create conditions to postpone the transition to adulthood in southern Europe. The findings evidence a homogeneous cluster in southern Europe characterized by late leaving of the parental home, stability in the age norms, high intergenerational support through residential co-residence with parents and a reduced public support for young people.
Ostroh Book Culture in the Context of the Life and Work of Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi: An Appraisal of a Paradigm – Острожская книжность в контексте жизнедеятельности князя Василия-Константина Острожского
Authors: Ульяновский Василий
Published: May 2017

The article examines the role of Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi (Vasilii-Konstantin of Ostroh) as a sponsor of Ivan Fedorov and a patron of printing in the context of his other activities as a magnate. Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi actively supported book culture and sought to gather at his court in Ostroh intellectuals and artisans, including Ivan Fedorov. The fact that this otherwise frugal magnate spent considerable financial resources on these endeavors indicates that they were of particular importance to him. The prince’s library, which included printed and manuscript books, reveals his appreciation of book culture and his aspiration to transform his residence in Ostroh into a center of Ruthenian Orthodox culture. The peak of the prince’s publishing activities was in the period 1576–1580, when a complete version of the Bible was under preparation, a project that would be the focus of his literary and publishing work. The second important project that Prince Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi undertook was educational – spreading a “pure form” of Christianity, untinged by erroneous teachings or superstitions. Despite these lofty goals, these publishing and educational objectives competed with other pressing challenges that Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi faced as a magnate. His main priorities were the augmentation of wealth and lands under his rule, the growth and improvement of government administration, strengthening his military, and enhancing his political power, which served to increase the influence and prestige of his clan. Those more traditional, practical considerations enabled Vasyl’-Kostiantyn Ostrozʹkyi to make significant financial, political, and personal investments into book culture and publishing, including the famed Ostroh Bible printed by Ivan Fedorov.
Two Books from the Library of A.M. Kurbskii – Две книги из библиотеки князя А.М. Курбского
Authors: Ерусалимский К.Ю.
Published: May 2017

This paper examines references to Prince A.M. Kurbskii’s two books, a work by St. Basil the Great and an Apostol (Acts and Epistles), in the documentation of the legal courts in Volyn for 1575. These documents shed light on Kurbskii’s creative plans, correspondence and the circle of people with whom he interacted in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This article treats the question of how the Apostol could find its way into Kurbskii’s private library.
The Patronage of Early Printing in Moscow
Authors: Bogatyrev Sergei
Published: May 2017

This paper re-examines the view that printing and the distribution of printed books in Muscovy was a state monopoly. Like in many other pre-modern societies, the crown and the church were major patrons of printing. And, like in other patronage systems, there was no single approach to the press in Moscow. Ivan IV was interested in printing as a tool for enhancing prestige and securing salvation. The approaches of Orthodox hierarchs ranged from Metropolitan Makarii’s pragmatic aims to supply churches with liturgical books to reflective editing and the compilation of discursive colophons under Metropolitan Afanasii. Due to the declining quality of their printed output, Ivan Fedorov and Petr Mstislavets lost Afanasii’s patronage. The centralized pattern of patronage precluded them from finding alternative sources of printing jobs in Muscovy. It was not political persecutions or cultural prejudices against printing, but the centralization of printing in Muscovy that caused the printers to leave for Poland-Lithuania. In attempting to secure orders and find new patrons at the new location, Ivan Fedorov sought to utilize the model of patronage that he learned in Moscow.
Forty Years After Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices: the McGurk Effect Revisited
Authors: Alsius Agnès , Paré Martin , Munhall Kevin G.
Published: May 2017

Since its discovery 40 years ago, the McGurk illusion has been usually cited as a prototypical paradigmatic case of multisensory binding in humans, and has been extensively used in speech perception studies as a proxy measure for audiovisual integration mechanisms. Despite the well-established practice of using the McGurk illusion as a tool for studying the mechanisms underlying audiovisual speech integration, the magnitude of the illusion varies enormously across studies. Furthermore, the processing of McGurk stimuli differs from congruent audiovisual processing at both phenomenological and neural levels. This questions the suitability of this illusion as a tool to quantify the necessary and sufficient conditions under which audiovisual integration occurs in natural conditions. In this paper, we review some of the practical and theoretical issues related to the use of the McGurk illusion as an experimental paradigm. We believe that, without a richer understanding of the mechanisms involved in the processing of the McGurk effect, experimenters should be really cautious when generalizing data generated by McGurk stimuli to matching audiovisual speech events.
Expecting the Unexpected: How Gallery Visitors Experience Semantic Instability in Art
Authors: Muth Claudia , Raab Marius Hans , Carbon Claus-Christian
Published: May 2017

The perception of artworks rarely—if ever—results in the instantiation of a determinate meaning. Instead, when entering an art gallery, we often expect Semantic Instability (SeIns): the experience of perceptual and cognitive habits being challenged. By comparing the experience of an artistic movie in an exhibition with the experience in a laboratory via the Continuous Evaluation Procedure, we found that the movie was less semantically unstable and more pleasing to the eyes of gallery visitors than to those of participants in the laboratory. These findings suggest that a gallery context might induce the expectation of perceptual challenge, thus decreasing the intensity of SeIns and at the same time heightening the appreciation of SeIns. Exhibition visitors might even be on the lookout for challenging experiences.
The Duality of Picture Perception and the Robustness of Perspective
Authors: Pagel Robert
Published: May 2017

Since the phenomenological analyses of picture perception by Edmund Husserl in the beginning of the last century, quite a few researchers have suggested emphatically that our perception of pictures has a dual nature. In short, when viewing a picture, the observer is aware of the picture as a flat object in perceived physical space and, simultaneously, of the pictorial space. Yet, despite a lot of phenomenological cogency, the concept of duality has had, at most, only a minor impact on vision science although it points to serious shortcomings of the common explanatory framework concerning picture perception and visual perception in general. In this article, a theoretical link between the duality of picture perception and the so-called robustness of perspective phenomenon is established and, extending an experimental design used by Vishwanath, Girshick, and Banks, resultant predictions empirically investigated. The results show empirical support for the dual nature of picture perception and pose a further challenge to theoretical accounts of both the robustness of perspective phenomenon and picture perception in general.
Four new species and new records of Atopsyche Banks (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae) from Pantepui biogeographical region (Venezuela)
Authors: ZAMORA-MUÑOZ CARMEN , DERKA TOMÁŠ , MÚRRIA CESC
Published: May 2017

Four new species of the genus Atopsyche Banks (Hydrobiosidae) from Pantepui biogeographical region (Venezuela) are described and illustrated: Atopsyche (Atopsaura) inmae n. sp., Atopsyche (Atopsaura) cristinae n. sp., Atopsyche (Atopsaura) svitoki n. sp., and Atopsyche (Atopsaura) carmenae n. sp. Molecular analyses (cox1 sequences) allowed larva-adult associations and the morphological description of larvae of two of the new species (A. inmae and A. cristinae). A phylogenetic tree is performed to assess the molecular validity of the species, establish evolutionary relation among them and interpret historical biogeography of tepuis. Finally, two new distributional records for A. (Atopsaura) atahuallpa are included, which up to now was known only from the type locality.
Anaphothrips genus-group: key to world genera, with two new species and three new records from Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
Authors: MASUMOTO MASAMI , OKAJIMA SHÛJI
Published: May 2017

An identification key is provided to the 40 genera worldwide that comprise the Anaphothrips genus-group of Thripinae. Oxythrips japonicus sp.n. and Rubiothrips galii sp.n. are described from Japan, and the members of Anaphothrips genus-group from Japan are reviewed, with 15 species in eight genera. Anaphothrips swezeyi Moulton, Caprithrips insularis Beshear and C. melanophthalmus (Bagnall) are newly recorded from Japan.
The species of Hemiancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Ecuador
Authors: PROVENZANO R. FRANCISCO , BARRIGA S. RAMIRO
Published: May 2017

At the Fish Collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, three species traditionally grouped in the genus Hemiancistrus were identified: H. annectens (Regan 1904), H. landoni Eigenmann 1916, and a new specie described here. The new species inhabits exclusively in the Esmeraldas River Basin, Pacific slope, northwestern Ecuador. It is easily recognized by the completely naked abdomen, with rounded, dark spots, and a different color pattern on the dorsal and caudal fins. A comparative analysis of bones related to the opercular mobility, shows important differences between H. annectens, H. landoni, and the new species, suggesting that H. annectens does not belong to the genus Hemiancistrus or the Ancistrini group. According to the characteristics observed in these bones, H. annectens shows greater similarity to those reported in species of the Hypostomini group, supporting its inclusion in this group, but placing it in the genus Hypostomus requires further analysis. On the other hand, the conditions observed on the bones of Hemiancistrus landoni and the new species suggest that both are inside of the Ancistrini group. The new species is placed in the genus Hemiancistrus tentatively, pending future analysis.
Notes on the genus Navicordulia Machado & Costa, 1995 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Corduliidae s. str.): description of a new species, phylogenetic affinities and aspects of biogeography
Authors: FLECK GÜNTHER
Published: May 2017

Based on a single male specimen, a remarkable new species of the genus Navicordulia is described from the Massif du Mitaraka in French Guiana (Tumuc-Humac Mountains). Another new species of this genus is also reported from the same locality but is not described. This is the first record of the genus from French Guiana, hitherto being unknown within a radius of more than 1000 km. Apparent rarity or absence of records is probably due to its secretive habits. Navicordulia tumucurakensis sp. nov. presents unique characters not present in other species of the genus including: almost no excavation of the anal angle, proximal sternal pilose ridge of abdominal segment 7 transformed into two large lateral oreillets disconnected from the median carina, additional distal sternal pilose ridge transformed into a medial knob, epiproct not extending beyond the distal half of the cerci, very long cerci surpassing those of described species, cerci lacking ventro-medial carina and tubercle and exhibiting a distal ventral brush of hair-like setae. It is a forest species inhabiting hilly landscapes at low altitude, unlike other closely related intertropical species which are encountered in more elevated areas above 850 m. It is most closely related to N. longistyla, a typical cerrado species from the central Brazilian plateau or possibly to N. nitens from the central south Venezuelan Guaiquinima Tepui. Based on unique derived male abdominal structures and also on the female ovipositor and related structures, the South American genus Navicordulia and the Southeast Asian/Melanesian genus Metaphya are considered current adelphotaxa. This disrupted geographic distribution could be explained by a common ancestor having had a Gondwanian dispersal until the Late Cretaceous or Paleocene.
First record of hawker dragonflies from Eocene Baltic amber (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphaeschnidae)
Authors: PINKERT STEFAN , BECHLY GÜNTER , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: May 2017

Based on three specimens, the first record of hawker dragonflies from Baltic amber is described in a new genus with two new species: Elektrogomphaeschna peterthieli gen. et sp. nov. and E. annekeae sp. nov.. They belong to the family Gomphaeschnidae and are tentatively attributed to the extinct subfamily Gomphaeschnaoidinae. The latter was previously only known from Cretaceous fossils and is here shown to have survived the K-Pg mass extinction event. This discovery also confirms the still higher diversity of Gomphaeschnidae during the Paleogene compared to the Neogene that was dominated by the more derived Aeshnidae sensu stricto.
Three new species of Mesonemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , CUI JIANXIN , YANG DING
Published: May 2017

Three new species of the stonefly genus Mesonemoura, M. bispina sp. nov., M. trapezoidea sp. nov., and M. zwicki sp. nov., are described from China. Genitalic similarities with related species are discussed. The types are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University, Beijing and Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, respectively.
Ephuta icema Casal, 1969 and its host Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Pompilidae) from Brazil
Authors: CAMBRA ROBERTO A. , BUSCHINI MARIA LUISA TUNES , ARIAS DIOMEDES QUINTERO , BROZOSKI FANCIELE , LUSTOSA PRISCILA RUDIAK
Published: May 2017

The male and female of Ephuta icema Casal, 1969 are reared from the host Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) that allow to unit both sexes for this mutillid and describe hitherto unknown male. A review of all the previous host records for the genus Ephuta Say, 1836 is given.
Mental health clinicians’ beliefs about the causes of psychosis: Differences between professions and relationship to treatment preferences
Authors: Carter Lucy , Read John , Pyle Melissa , Law Heather , Morrison Anthony P
Published: May 2017

Background:

Previous evidence suggests that how an individual conceptualises the cause of a health problem can impact on subsequent perceptions and behaviour.

Aims:

This study explored the beliefs about the causes of psychosis in a group of mental health professionals. The study also sought to examine the relationship between causal beliefs and the perceived helpfulness of different treatments.

Methods:

A total of 219 clinicians completed a questionnaire about the provision of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and antipsychotic medication for their clients who were experiencing psychosis and their opinions about the helpfulness of these treatments. Causal beliefs were also assessed.

Results and conclusions:

Clients were twice as likely to be offered medication compared to CBT. Clinicians held a multifactorial model of aetiology, but were more likely to endorse psychosocial causes than biological factors. Clinicians with psychosocial beliefs were more likely to rate CBT as effective, whereas those with biological models were more likely to endorse the helpfulness of medication. Clinicians adopt a multi-causal approach when conceptualising the aetiology of psychosis and these beliefs were related to opinions about the helpfulness of treatment. Beliefs about the aetiology of their client’s experiences could blind clinicians to the benefits of offering different approaches.
Embodiment of Wearable Augmented Reality Technology in Tourism Experiences
Authors: Tussyadiah Iis P. , Jung Timothy Hyungsoo , tom Dieck M. Claudia
Published: May 2017

The increasing use of wearable devices for tourism purposes sets the stage for a critical discussion on technological mediation in tourism experiences. This article provides a theoretical reflection on the phenomenon of embodiment relation in technological mediation and then assesses the embodiment of wearable augmented reality technology in a tourism attraction. The findings suggest that technology embodiment is a multidimensional construct consisting of ownership, location, and agency. These support the concept of technology withdrawal, where technology disappears as it becomes part of human actions, and contest the interplay of subjectivity and intentionality between humans and technology in situated experiences such as tourism. It was also found that technology embodiment affects enjoyment and enhances experience with tourism attractions.
Information Disclosure to Biometric E-gates: The Roles of Perceived Security, Benefits, and Emotions
Authors: Morosan Cristian
Published: May 2017

Biometric authentication systems, such as electronic (e-)gates are increasingly important in air travel because of the growing traveler flows and security challenges. Such systems allow for accurate authentication and the improvement of the air travel experience, while enhancing the security of the overall travel system. To authenticate, the travelers are required to disclose biometric information. Grounded in equity and emotion theories and using data from 511 US air travelers, this study examined several antecedents of biometric information disclosure to e-gates. It was found that security perceptions and benefits of disclosure had strong impacts on disclosure, while positive and negative emotions influenced travelers’ perceptions of security.
Validation of the Psychological Research Inventory of Concepts
Authors: Veilleux Jennifer C. , Chapman Kate M.
Published: May 2017

The current set of three studies further evaluates the validity and application of the Psychological Research Inventory of Concepts (PRIC). In Study 1, we administered the PRIC to a sample of introductory psychology students and online (Mechanical Turk) participants along with measures assessing theoretically related concepts. We found evidence of concurrent validity by demonstrating that PRIC scores relate to education, cognitive effort, and general psychological knowledge. In Study 2, we demonstrated that advanced psychology majors score higher on the PRIC than college graduates who did not major in psychology, suggesting that the PRIC assesses domain-specific knowledge and may be useful in assessment of the undergraduate psychology major. Finally, in Study 3, we demonstrated that scores on the PRIC increase from the start to the end of a research methods course. Together, these studies provide further evidence that the PRIC may be a useful index of learning research methods and statistical knowledge important for the undergraduate psychology degree.
Quantitative Muscle Ultrasonography Using Textural Analysis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Martínez-Payá Jacinto Javier , Ríos-Díaz José , del Baño-Aledo María Elena , Tembl-Ferrairó Jose Ignacio , Vazquez-Costa Juan Francisco , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters, as assessed by muscle ultrasound (MUS), between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and healthy controls, and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these GLCM parameters with first-order MUS parameters (echointensity [EI], echovariation [EV], and muscle thickness [MTh]) in different muscle groups. Twenty-six patients with ALS and 26 healthy subjects underwent bilateral and transverse ultrasound of the biceps/brachialis, forearm flexor, quadriceps femoris, and tibialis anterior muscle groups. MTh was measured with electronic calipers, and EI, EV, and GLCM were obtained using Image J (v.1.48) software. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and area under the curve (AUC) were performed by logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves. GLCM parameters showed reduced granularity in the muscles of ALS patients compared with the controls. Regarding the discrimination capacity, the best single diagnostic parameter in forearm flexors and quadriceps was GLCM and in biceps brachialis and tibialis anterior was EV. The respective combination of these two parameters with MTh resulted in the best AUC (over 90% in all muscle groups and close to the maximum combination model). The use of new textural parameters (EV and GLCM) combined with usual quantitative MUS variables is a promising biomarker in ALS.
A retrospective cohort analysis of percutaneous versus side-graft perfusion techniques for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock
Authors: Cakici Mehmet , Ozcinar Evren , Baran Cagdas , Bermede Ahmet Onat , Sarıcaoglu Mehmet Cahit , Inan Mustafa Bahadır , Durdu Mustafa Serkan , Aral Atilla , Sirlak Mustafa , Akar Ahmet Ruchan
Published: May 2017

Objectives:

This study was designed to compare vascular complications and the outcomes of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous cannulation with distal perfusion catheter (PC-DP) and arterial side-graft perfusion (SGP) techniques in patients who require veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support for refractory cardiogenic shock (RCS).

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of consequtive patients with RCS treated with VA-ECMO at a single transplant center from March 2010 until August 2015. Overall, 148 patients underwent VA-ECMO for RCS (99 men, aged 56.6 ± 12.0 years; BSA, 1.85 ± 0.19). Patients were categorized based on VA-ECMO perfusion technique into PC-DP via femoral artery and SGP via axillary/femoral artery groups.

Results:

The median duration of VA-ECMO support was 5 days (range, 8 hours–80 days). Hospital mortality (PC-DP group, 54.7%; SGP group, 64.4%; p=0.23) and overall ECMO survival (PC-DP group, 36.9%; SGP group, 32.2%; p=0.47) was similar between the groups. There were no significant between-group differences in the rate of acute limb ischemia (PC-DP group, 4/75, 5.3%; SGP group, 2/73, 2.7%; p=0.68). However, the rate of surgical/cannulation site bleeding (PC-DP, 9/75 (12%) vs SGP, 18/73 (24.7%), p=0.05) and hyperperfusion syndrome (PC-DP, 2/75 (2.7%) vs SGP, 22/73 (30.1%),p=0.001) were higher in the SGP group than in the PC-DP group.

Conclusions:

We observed no significant difference in major vascular complications or survival between patients who underwent the PC-DP technique and those who underwent arterial SGP.
Innominate artery aneurysm, how to solve it?
Authors: Wang Xiao-Long , Guan Xin-Liang , Jiang Wen-Jian , Liu Ou , Zhang Hong-Jia
Published: May 2017

We herein describe our *These authors contributed equally to this work. experience with a congenital innominate artery aneurysm (IAA) that was managed with a simple surgical procedure. A 44-year-old woman was admitted for chest distress. Computed tomography angiography showed a 3.6-cm IAA arising from the aortic arch and compressing the trachea. A median sternotomy was performed with the patient under general anesthesia, and the IAA was found to involve the origin of the innominate artery and the bifurcation of the right subclavian artery and common carotid artery; however, the aorta was intact. An 8-mm Dacron graft was anastomosed to the ascending aorta and distal end of the IAA without cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was uneventful, and repeat computed tomography angiography revealed no evidence of recurrence 6 months postoperatively. We also herein present a literature review of this rare clinical condition.
Anatomical and Behavioral Investigation of C1ql3 in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Authors: Chew Kylie S. , Fernandez Diego C. , Hattar Samer , Südhof Thomas C. , Martinelli David C.
Published: May 2017

Many biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes such as glucose metabolism, body temperature, and sleep-wake cycles show regular daily rhythms. These circadian rhythms are adjusted to the environmental light-dark cycle by a central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in order for the processes to occur at appropriate times of day. Here, we investigated the expression and function of a synaptic organizing protein, C1QL3, in the SCN. We found that C1ql3 is robustly expressed in the SCN. C1ql3 knockout mice have a reduced density of excitatory synapses in the SCN. In addition, these mice exhibited less consolidated activity to the active portions of the day and period lengthening following a 15-minute phase-delaying light pulse. These data identify C1QL3 as a signaling molecule that is highly expressed in SCN neurons, where it contributes to the formation and/or maintenance of glutamatergic synapses and plays a role in circadian behaviors, which may include circadian aftereffects.
Physical and Sexual Teen Dating Violence Victimization and Sexual Identity Among U.S. High School Students, 2015
Authors: Olsen Emily O’Malley , Vivolo-Kantor Alana , Kann Laura
Published: May 2017

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth are at risk for many negative behaviors associated with teen dating violence victimization (TDVV). This study describes the prevalence of physical and sexual TDVV by sexual identity and quantifies the increased risk for TDVV among LGB youth compared with heterosexual youth. The participants for this study were students in Grades 9 to 12 participating in the 2015 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) who responded to questions ascertaining sexual identity and both physical and sexual TDVV. Data were analyzed by sexual identity, stratified by sex, and controlled for race/ethnicity and grade in school. Frequencies of physical and sexual TDVV and prevalence of TDVV from a combined TDVV measure were calculated. Associations between these behaviors and sexual identity were identified. Generally, LGB youth had greater prevalence and frequency of TDVV compared with heterosexual youth. Prevalence of TDVV within sexual identity subgroups further differed by sex. Students who were not sure of their sexual identity had the highest risk of most categories of TDVV when adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and grade in school. These results are the first to use a nationally representative sample to describe frequency of TDVV and to determine prevalence of a combined physical and sexual TDVV measure by sexual identity among youth. Schools, communities, and families can help prevent teen dating violence and ameliorate the potential impacts of these victimizations.
When the Cop Is the Victim: A Test of Target Congruence Theory on Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Experienced by Police Officers
Authors: Zavala Egbert
Published: May 2017

This study analyzed data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 ( N = 753) to examine propositions derived from target congruence theory in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization experienced by police officers. Specifically, this study tested the influence of target vulnerability, target gratifiability, and target antagonism on IPV victimization. Results from logistic regression models showed that all three theoretical constructs positively and significantly predicted IPV victimization. Results, as well as the study’s limitations and directions for future research, are discussed.
Victimized for Being Different: Young Adults With Disabilities and Peer Victimization in Middle and High School
Authors: McNicholas Caroline I. , Orpinas Pamela , Raczynski Katherine
Published: May 2017

Children who are victims of peer aggression can suffer negative emotional, academic and physical consequences that can last into adulthood. Previous research indicates children with disabilities are victimized up to 4 times as often as children without disabilities. However, their unique needs are often not considered in the design and implementation of prevention interventions. The current study examined the perceived effects of family, peer, and school support among children with disabilities to protect them from or help them cope with peer victimization. In this retrospective study, college students registered with a university Disability Resource Center ( n = 161) completed an electronic survey about their recollections of peer victimization and of factors that protected them during middle and high school. Three subscales of the Social and Emotional Health Survey measured perception of family, peer, and school support. In open-ended questions, students described instances of peer victimization and of protection. Results indicated that two thirds of participants experienced peer victimization. The most frequently reported type of aggression was relational, followed by verbal. Frequency of victimization did not differ by gender. Most participants experienced victimization related to their disabilities or related to a combination of disability with another personal characteristic. Participants who reported higher levels of family and peer support experienced significantly less peer victimization. Coping with victimization took many forms such as withdrawing from peers, listening to music, and mental health treatment. Unexpectedly, some participants reported disability-related victimization from school staff. Findings highlight the high frequency of victimization and the value of educating parents, school personnel, and other students on strategies to support students with disabilities. These strategies could be incorporated into prevention programs.
The Rural/Urban Divide: Examining Different Types of Assault Through a Social Disorganization Lens
Authors: Goodson Amanda , Bouffard Leana A.
Published: May 2017

Most studies of social disorganization theory focus on urban communities. In addition, these studies largely ignore more intimate crimes, such as intimate partner violence. Yet, results from extant studies are often generalized to explain all types of crime in all types of communities, thus potentially ignoring the dynamics surrounding intimate crimes and rurality. The current study expands on previous research in two ways. First, this study examines whether characteristics of social disorganization can predict assault across various victim–offender relationships. Second, this study applies social disorganization predictors to both metropolitan (or urban) and nonmetropolitan (or rural) counties. The sample consisted of 690 counties located across 13 different states. Results from the Poisson regression models indicate higher levels of ethnic heterogeneity and concentrated disadvantage were associated with increased rates of assault across various victim–offender relationships. Furthermore, the measures of social disorganization functioned in the expected direction in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. These results highlight the importance of controlling for community structures when examining rates of violence, including intimate partner violence. Programs and policies designed to reduce intimate partner violence should include neighborhood components as these affect rates of violence within a community.
Motor Disturbances in Elderly Medical Inpatients and Their Relationship to Delirium
Authors: Adamis Dimitrios , McCarthy Geraldine , O’Mahony Edmond , Meagher David
Published: May 2017

Motor disturbances in delirious patients are common, but their relationship to cognition and severity of illness has not been studied. We examined motor subtypes in an older age inpatient population, their relationship to clinical variables including delirium, and their association with 1-year mortality in a prospective study, using the Confusion Assessment Method, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Barthel Index, and Delirium Rating Scale–Revised 98 (DRS-R98). Motor subtypes were evaluated using 2 items of DRS-R98. Mortality rates were investigated 1 year later. Two hundred participated (mean age 81.1 [6.5]; 50% female). Thirty-four (17%) were identified with delirium. Motor subtypes were none: 119 (59.5%), hypoactive: 37 (18.5%), hyperactive: 29 (14.5%), and mixed: 15 (7.5%). Hypoactive and mixed subtypes were significantly more frequent in delirious patients. Regression analysis showed that hypoactive subtype was significantly associated with lower MoCA. No relationship between motor subtypes and mortality was found. Motor disturbances are not unique to delirium, with hypoactivity particularly associated with impaired cognition.
The Relationship Between Web Content and Web Accessibility at Universities
Authors: Lorca Pedro , Andrés Javier De , Martínez Ana B.
Published: May 2017

This research assesses whether universities from varied cultures rank significantly different with respect to the quality of their web contents and with regard to their web accessibility (WA) level. Moreover, this article tests whether universities, which make stronger efforts to improve the quality of their web contents, also take into account WA issues to ease the access to such contents. We use a database containing 399 universities from 16 countries. Main results suggest that universities in Anglo-Saxon countries pay more attention to WA issues and that those in Germanic countries rank significantly higher with regard to web quality contents. On a global basis, there is a significant relationship between the level of accessibility at university webpages and the quality of the web contents. However, if countries are grouped, results are different. While in Germanic, Nordic, and Anglo-Saxon countries, there is no relation between the level of accessibility of university webpages and the quality of the web contents, in Latin countries, this relation is direct and significant.
Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life
Authors: Caleyachetty Rishi , Hardy Rebecca , Cooper Rachel , Richards Marcus , Howe Laura D. , Anderson Emma , Kuh Diana , Stafford Mai
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study presents three approaches, that is, cumulative risk, factor analysis, and latent class analysis, to summarize exposure to multiple childhood social risk factors and to compare their utility when examining associations with physical capability and common affective symptoms in adults aged 60 to 64 years. Methods: Data came from the U.K. Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development, with prospective childhood social risk factor data collected in 1950 to 1957 and retrospectively in 1989. Physical capability and common affective symptom data were collected in 2006 to 2011. Results: The cumulative risk approach and factor analysis provided evidence that children who were exposed to multiple social risk factors had lower levels of physical capability and more symptoms of common affective symptoms in later life. Discussion: The cumulative social risk approach and the use of factor analysis to identify contexts of social risk, may offer viable methods for linking multiple childhood social risk exposure to aging outcomes.
Loneliness and Depression Among Older Adults in Urban Subsidized Housing
Authors: Gonyea Judith G. , Curley Alexandra , Melekis Kelly , Levine Nina , Lee Yeonjung
Published: May 2017

Objective: Depression is particularly prevalent in low-income and disabled older adults, and minority populations face a greater risk of poverty and earlier disability onset. Yet, little is known about the mental health of older subsidized housing residents, a population which is disproportionately composed of persons of color. The study’s aim was therefore to explore the prevalence and correlates of depression in this target population, with a particular focus on the role of loneliness. Method: Data are from interviews with 216 older subsidized housing residents, of which 50% identified as Black and 45% self-identified as Latino. Results: About 26% of participants met the criterion for depression. The hierarchical regression supported our hypothesis; after controlling for demographic, health, and stress variables, loneliness explained almost half of the total 49% of variance in depression. Discussion: Care models addressing social risk factors are needed to meet the aging-in-place challenges of subsidized housing residents.
Disentangling Loneliness: Differential Effects of Subjective Loneliness, Network Quality, Network Size, and Living Alone on Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Health
Authors: Beller Johannes , Wagner Adina
Published: May 2017

Objective: To examine whether different measures of social disconnectedness—subjective loneliness, network quality, network size, living alone—have differential effects on the health of older adults. Methods: We used a longitudinal sample of the German Aging Survey ( N = 4,184) and analyzed seven measures of health (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, depression, cognitive performance, physical functioning, and pulmonary function) via regression analyses. Results: We found that subjective loneliness and network quality best predicted mental health; contrarily, network size and living alone best predicted physical and cognitive health. Discussion: Different measures of social disconnectedness have differential effects on health. Therefore, using only global measures or one aspect of social disconnectedness might obfuscate potential health hazards. Researchers and practitioners should be mindful of differences between these measures and should include multiple aspects of social disconnectedness in their research and practice. Future studies should explore the causes why these measures and their effects differ.
On-board real-time optimization control for turbofan engine thrust under flight emergency condition
Authors: Zheng Qiangang , Miao Lizhen , Zhang Haibo , Ye Zhifeng
Published: May 2017

A real-time optimization control method is proposed to enhance engine thrust response and enlarge its maximum thrust during emergent flight. This real-time optimization control is model based, and the on-board engine predictive model is devised by a multi-input multi-output recursive reduced least squares support vector regression method. Two emergency engine control modes during engine emergent acceleration process, the overthrust mode and the faster response mode, are redesigned by specifying relative objective function with engine operation constraints. Namely, the overthrust mode is for getting much bigger maximum thrust, and the faster response mode is for obtaining faster engine response. In the initial engine acceleration stage, the two modes have the same objective function for fastest thrust response within necessary operation constraints. After that, the objective function varies to maximum thrust in the overthrust mode, whereas the faster response mode keeps the objective for fastest response unchanged. For solving the online optimization problem, a feasible sequential quadratic programming algorithm is utilized here. The simulation results demonstrate that, first, engine response ability can be improved in faster response mode. Second, not only more thrust was provided over the maximum value but also fast response ability was achieved in the overthrust mode. Moreover, compared to conventional operation nowadays, argumentation of compressor guided vane angle control and broadening operation restrictions were deeply studied and verified in the new schemes.
The ambiguity of altruism in nursing: A qualitative study
Authors: Slettmyr Anna , Schandl Anna , Arman Maria
Published: May 2017

Background:

For a long time, altruism was the basis for caring. Today, when society is more individualized, it is of interest to explore the meaning of altruism in nursing.

Methods:

In all, 13 nurses from a Swedish acute care setting participated in two focus group interviews performed as Socratic dialogues. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.

Ethical considerations:

Ethical issues were considered throughout the process according to established ethical principles. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, confidentiality regarding the data was guaranteed and quotations anonymized.

Findings:

Altruism created a sense of ambivalence and ambiguity, described as a rise of sovereign expressions of life caused by “the other’s” need, but also unwillingness to take unconditional responsibility for “the other.”

Conclusion:

Society’s expectations of altruism and nurses’ perception of their work as a salaried job collide in modern healthcare. Nurses are not willing to fully respond to the ethical demand of the patients. In case of a disaster, when nurses personal safety, life and health may be at risk, there might be reasons to question whether the healthcare organization would be able to fulfill its obligations of providing healthcare to an entire population.
Ampullary Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma: Surprise Histology, Familiar Management
Authors: Mahansaria Shyam Sunder , Agrawal Nikhil , Arora Asit , Bihari Chhagan , Appukuttan Murali , Chattopadhyay Tushar Kanti
Published: May 2017

Introduction. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) has recently been defined by the World Health Organization in 2010. These are rare tumors and MANECs of ampullary region are even rarer. Only 19 cases have been reported in literature. We present 3 cases; the largest series, second case of amphicrine tumor and first case associated with chronic pancreatitis. Methods. Retrospective review of 3 patients who were diagnosed to have ampullary MANEC. Results. All 3 patients were diagnosed preoperatively as neuroendocrine carcinoma and underwent margin negative pancreaticoduodenectomy. The histopathology revealed MANECs of small cell, mixed type in 2 patients and large cell, amphicrine type in 1 patient. The neuroendocrine component was grade 3 in all, the tumor was T3 in 2 and T2 in 1 and all had nodal metastases. Two patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and 2 of them had recurrence at 13 and 16 months. The median survival was 15 months. Conclusion. Ampullary MANECs are rare tumors. They are diagnosed on histopathologic examination of the resected specimen. Clinical presentation, management, and prognosis is similar to ampullary adenocarcinoma in literature.
Safety Assessment of Amino Acid Alkyl Amides as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Heldreth Bart , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: May 2017

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the product use, formulation, and safety data of 115 amino acid alkyl amides, which function as skin and hair conditioning agents and as surfactants—cleansing agents in personal care products. Safety test data on dermal irritation and sensitization for the ingredients with the highest use concentrations, lauroyl lysine and sodium lauroyl glutamate, were reviewed and determined to adequately support the safe use of the ingredients in this report. The Panel concluded that amino acid alkyl amides are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, when formulated to be nonirritating.
Effects of High-Fat Feeding on Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats
Authors: Nie Jing , DuBois Debra C , Xue Bai , Jusko William J , Almon Richard R
Published: May 2017

In the present report, we examined the responses of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed either a standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) from weaning to 20 weeks of age. This comparison included gene expression profiling of skeletal muscle using Affymetrix gene array chips. The expression profiling is interpreted within the context of a wide array of physiological measurements. Genes whose expressions are different between the 2 strains regardless of diet, as well as genes that differ between strains only with HFD, were identified. In addition, genes that were regulated by diet in 1 or both strains were identified. The results suggest that both strains respond to HFD by an increased capacity to oxidize lipid fuels in the musculature but that this adaptation occurs more rapidly in WKY rats. The results also demonstrated an impaired cytokine signalling and heightened inflammatory status in the GK rats.
Interactions of Cannabinoids With Biochemical Substrates
Authors: Thomas Brian F
Published: May 2017

Recent decades have seen much progress in the identification and characterization of cannabinoid receptors and the elucidation of the mechanisms by which derivatives of the Cannabis sativa plant bind to receptors and produce their physiological and psychological effects. The information generated in this process has enabled better understanding of the fundamental physiological and psychological processes controlled by the central and peripheral nervous systems and has fostered the development of natural and synthetic cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. A negative aspect of this decades-long effort is the proliferation of clandestinely synthesized analogs as recreational street drugs with dangerous effects. Currently, the interactions of cannabinoids with their biochemical substrates are extensively but inadequately understood, and the clinical application of derived and synthetic receptor ligands remains quite limited. The wide anatomical distribution and functional complexity of the cannabinoid system continue to indicate potential for both therapeutic and side effects, which offers challenges and opportunities for medicinal chemists involved in drug discovery and development.