bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitale Lehre 2020: Online-Unterricht erhält bessere Bewertung als Präsenzunterricht
Authors: Gniesmer Stefanie , Grisanti Swaantje , Kakkassery Vinodh , Lommatzsch Claudia , Lüke Julia , Lüke Matthias , Müller Maya , Neppert Birte , Ranjbar Mahdy , Grisanti Salvatore , Mohi Armin
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie war im Sommersemester 2020 Präsenzlehre nicht mehr erlaubt, und es mussten schnell online Alternativen gefunden werden.

Ziel

In unserem Artikel erläutern wir die Umstellung von Präsenz- auf Online-Lehre in der Augenheilkunde der Universität zu Lübeck und vergleichen die Online-Lehre mit der Präsenzlehre.

Methoden

Die zentrale Lehrevaluation erfolgt in jedem Semester mit einem standardisierten Fragenkatalog. Anhand der Auswertung dieser Fragen führten wir einen direkten Vergleich des Präsenzsemesters Wintersemester 2019/2020 mit dem Online-Semester Sommersemester 2020 durch.

Ergebnisse

Die Struktur (p = 0,003), die Organisation (p = 0,001), die zur Verfügung gestellten Ressourcen (p = 0,034), der Besuch der Vorlesung (p < 0,001) und der weiteren Termine (p = 0,041), der Interessen- (p = 0,039) und Lernzuwachs (p = 0,001) wurden im Online-Semester besser bewertet als im Präsenzsemester. Insgesamt erhielt unser digitales Sommersemester 2020 (p < 0,01) eine signifikant bessere Gesamtnote als das Präsenzsemester im Winter 2019/20.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Struktur unserer Lehrveranstaltungen hat sich auch online bewährt. Theoretische Inhalte konnten hervorragend vermittelt werden. Jedoch sind online keine praktischen Übungen möglich. Für das Erlernen von praktischen Fähigkeiten ist weiterhin Präsenzunterricht nötig.
A homozygous AP3D1 missense variant in patients with sensorineural hearing loss as the leading manifestation
Authors: Frohne Alexandra , Koenighofer Martin , Cetin Hakan , Nieratschker Michael , Liu David T. , Laccone Franco , Neesen Juergen , Nemec Stefan F. , Schwarz-Nemec Ursula , Schoefer Christian , Avraham Karen B. , Frei Klemens , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Kratzer Bernhard , Schmetterer Klaus , Pickl Winfried F. , Parzefall Thomas
Published: November 2022

Loss-of-function variants in AP3D1 have been linked to Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) 10, a severe multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, neurodevelopmental delay, hearing loss (HL), and neurological abnormalities, fatal in early childhood. Here, we report a consanguineous family who presented with presumably isolated autosomal recessive (AR) HL. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on all core family members, and selected patients were screened using array-based copy-number analysis and karyotyping. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and assessed in silico. A homozygous, likely pathogenic p.V711I missense variant in AP3D1 segregated with the HL. The family was characterized by thorough medical and laboratory examination. The HL was consistent across patients and accompanied by neurological manifestations in two brothers. The sole female patient was diagnosed with premature ovarian failure. Further findings, including mild neutropenia and reduced NK-cell cytotoxicity in some as well as brain alterations in all homozygous patients, were reminiscent of HPS10, though milder and lacking the characteristic albinism. Previously unrecognized, milder, isolated HL was identified in all heterozygous carriers. A protein model indicates that the variant interferes with protein–protein interactions. These results suggest that a missense variant alters inner-ear-specific functions leading to HL with mild HPS10-like symptoms of variable penetrance. Milder HL in heterozygous carriers may point towards semi-dominant inheritance of this trait. Since all previously reported HPS10 cases were pediatric, it is unknown whether the observed primary ovarian insufficiency recapitulates the subfertility in Ap3d1-deficient mice.
Ecological treatment of El Kriymat boiler ash for recovering vanadium, nickel and zinc from sulfate leach liquor
Authors: Khalafalla Mahmoud S. , Abdellah W. M. , Khoziem H. A. Abu , Abd El-Hamid Abd Allh M.
Published: November 2022

The primary goal of this work is to develop a technology that allows for the recovery of metal values from waste products, thereby promoting the wise and efficient use of our nation's resources. To achieve this goal, an industrial waste of El Kriymat boiler fly Ash was used for recovering its content of vanadium, nickel and zinc. About 97, 95 and 99% respectively of these economic elements were first dissolved from boiler fly ash magnetic concentrate (after physical concentration). Leaching experiments using optimum conditions include: 180 g/L sulfuric acid concentration and 4% solid/solid proportion manganese dioxide acts as an oxidant at 80 °C. The recovery of vanadium (V) metal ions was carried out using 3% Alamine 336 in kerosene at an equilibrium pH value of 0.9. Subsequently, 15% sodium sulfide solution was used for co-precipitation of nickel and zinc metal ions in the raffinate solution at pH value of 3.5.

Graphical Abstract
A price-based life cycle impact assessment method to quantify the reduced accessibility to mineral resources value
Authors: Ardente Fulvio , Beylot Antoine , Zampori Luca
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Several methods were developed to quantify the damage to mineral resources in LCA. Building on these and further expanding the concept of how to assess mineral resources in LCA, the authors developed in previous articles a method to account for dissipative resource flows in life cycle inventory (LCI). This article presents a price-based life cycle impact assessment method to quantify the potential impact of dissipative uses of resources.

Methods

This article firstly defines an impact pathway from resource use to resource dissipation and subsequent damage to the safeguard subject for “mineral resources”. It explores the quantification of this damage through the definition of characterization factors (CFs), for application to dissipative flows reported in LCI datasets. Market prices are used as a relevant proxy for the multiple, complex and varied functions and values held by mineral resources. Price data are collected considering a 50-year timeframe. Intervals of 10, 15, 20 and 30 years are considered for sensitivity analysis. Price-based CFs are tested on one cradle-to-gate case-study (copper production), in combination with accounted resources dissipated across the life-cycle. An approach to calculate the normalization factor (NF) is explored at the EU level.

Results and discussion

CFs are calculated for 66 mineral resources, considering copper as reference substance. Precious and specialty metals have the largest CFs. Minerals are instead ranked at the bottom of the hierarchy. New insights that this method brings in LCA are discussed for the copper production case-study. Losses due to final disposal of tailings are key (90% of total value loss), as opposed to e.g. emissions to environment. Relevance, robustness, completeness and consistency of the price-based CFs are discussed. This method in particular offers a relatively large coverage of elementary flows, with underlying data of good quality. Sensitivity of CFs to the chosen time interval is relatively limited. Initial analysis for a NF based on 14 key resources dissipated in the EU in 2016 is presented.

Conclusions

The developed CFs are relevant to address the issue of mineral resources value loss in LCA. They may be used in combination with dissipation-based methods at the LCI level, as tested in this study, or potentially (i) with classical extraction-based LCI datasets or (ii) as potential complements to existing life cycle impact assessment methods not capturing damage to resource value. Future refinements shall aim at extension to additional mineral resources and investigate the possibility of regionalisation of CFs and NF calculation.
Operator ranges and endomorphisms with a prescribed behaviour on Banach spaces
Authors: Jiménez-Sevilla Mar , Lajara Sebastián
Published: November 2022

We obtain several extensions of a theorem of Shevchik which asserts that if R is a proper dense operator range in a separable Banach space E, then there exists a compact, one-to-one and dense-range operator $$T:E\rightarrow E$$

T
:
E
→
E

such that $$T(E)\cap R = \{0\}$$

T
(
E
)
∩
R
=
{
0
}

, and some results of Chalendar and Partington concerning the existence of compact, one-to-one and dense-range endomorphisms on a separable Banach space E which leave invariant a given closed subspace $$Y\subset E$$

Y
⊂
E

, or more generally, a countable increasing chain of closed subspaces of E.
Misserfolge beim digitalen Lernen verhindern: „Predictive learning analytics“ am Beispiel einer Web-App für Grammatik und Rechtschreibung
Authors: Maier Uwe , Klotz Christian
Published: November 2022

Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens werden erfolgreich eingesetzt, um für universitäre Online-Kurse das Bestehen von Abschlussprüfungen frühzeitig zu prognostizieren und damit Kursabbrüche zu minimieren. Für die im Schulbereich häufig eingesetzten Lern-Apps gibt es allerdings keine publizierten Beispiele für die Anwendung dieser Methodik. Diese Lern-Apps unterscheiden sich von semesterlangen Online-Kursen vor allem im Hinblick auf die flexiblen Einsatzmöglichkeiten, eine nicht sequenziell vorgegebene Bearbeitung der Lerninhalte sowie formative Assessments, die mehrfach wiederholt werden können. Mit diesem Beitrag soll beispielhaft untersucht werden, wie man Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens anwenden kann, um Misserfolg in einem derart strukturierten Übungstool rechtzeitig vorhersagen zu können. Datengrundlage sind Lern- und Leistungsdaten von 2999 Schülerinnen und Schülern aus Sekundarschulen (177 Klassen), die in unterschiedlichen Themenbereichen und Levels einer Web-App für Grammatik und Rechtschreibung gearbeitet haben (www.masteryx.de). Verschiedene Modellierungen ergaben, dass die Vorhersagewerte von semesterlangen Online-Kursen nicht erreicht werden können. Die Modellierungen reichen allenfalls, um für besonders lernschwache Schülerinnen und Schüler ein Frühwarnsystem zu implementieren. Verschiedene Herausforderungen für die Entwicklung von Vorhersagemodellen für analog strukturierte, digitale Lernsysteme werden diskutiert.
Investigations and Outcomes for Olfactory Disorders
Authors: Luke Louis , Lee Liam , Jegatheeswaran Lavandan , Philpott Carl
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

To provide a detailed overview of the investigations and core outcome measures for olfactory disorders.

Recent Findings

Olfactory disorders can have a detrimental impact to the quality of life of patients. There are a wide range of causes of olfactory loss including sinonasal conditions, idiopathic, post-head trauma or infection. This review highlights the key investigations and reasoning for their use to clinically assess and research patients with olfactory disorders. In addition, this review outlines the core outcome measures for olfaction that will help inform future research in olfactory disorders.

A systematic approach with history taking and examination particularly with nasal endoscopy can determine the cause of the olfactory disorder in most cases. Specific olfactory disorder questionnaires can demonstrate the impact on quality of life, while psychophysical testing can objectively assess and monitor olfaction over time. Olfactory-evoked potentials and functional MRI are reserved for research, whereas CT and MRI imaging are used depending on history and examination. A core outcome set for olfaction has been developed that will help standardise the outcome measures used in olfaction and olfactory disorders research.
In-situ growth of carbon nanotubes on ZnO to enhance thermoelectric and mechanical properties
Authors: Fan Shengjie , Sun Tingting , Jiang Meng , Gu Shijia , Wang Lianjun , Yan Haixue , Jiang Wan
Published: November 2022

As a high-temperature thermoelectric (TE) material, ZnO offers advantages of non-toxicity, chemical stability, and oxidation resistance, and shows considerable promise as a true ready-to-use module under air conditions. However, poor electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity severely hinder its application. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are often used as a reinforcing phase in composites, but it is difficult to achieve uniform dispersion of CNTs due to van der Waals forces. Herein, we developed an effective in-situ growth strategy of homogeneous CNTs on ZnO nanoparticles by exploiting the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology, in order to improve their electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, as well as reducing the thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, magnetic nickel (Ni) nanoparticles are introduced as catalysts for promoting the formation of CNTs, which can also enhance the electrical and thermal transportation of ZnO matrices. Notably, the electrical conductivity of ZnO is significantly boosted from 26 to 79 S·cm−1 due to the formation of dense and uniform conductive CNT networks. The lattice thermal conductivity (κL) is obviously declined by the intensification of phonon scattering, resulting from the abundant grain boundaries and interfaces in ZnO-CNT composites. Importantly, the maximum dimensionless figure of merit (zT) of 0.04 at 800 K is obtained in 2.0% Ni-CNTs/ZnO, which is three times larger than that of CNTs/ZnO prepared by traditional ultrasonic method. In addition, the mechanical properties of composites including Vickers hardness (HV) and fracture toughness (KIC) are also reinforced. This work provides a valuable reference for dispersing nano-phases in TE materials to enhance both TE and mechanical properties.
Layer-structured Cr/CrxN coating via electroplating-based nitridation achieving high deuterium resistance as the hydrogen permeation barrier
Authors: Zheng Liyu , Li Heping , Zhou Jun , Tian Xinluo , Zheng Zhongyang , Wang Long , Wang Xinyun , Yan Youwei
Published: November 2022

Hydrogen isotope permeation through structural materials is a key issue for developing nuclear fusion energy, which will cause fuel loss and radioactive pollution. Developing ceramic coatings with high thermal shock and hydrogen resistance is an effective strategy to solve this issue. In this work, a layer-structured Cr/CrxN coating was successfully fabricated by a facile electroplating-based nitridation technique, which is easy, facile, and applicable to coating complex-shaped substrates. The Cr/CrxN coating, composed of a bottom Fe/Cr interdiffusion zone, a middle Cr layer, and a top CrxN layer, exhibits high bonding strength, high anti-thermal-shock ability, and high deuterium permeation resistance. Its bonding strength achieves 43.6 MPa. The Cr/CrxN coating remains intact even after suffering 300 thermal shock cycles under a 600 °C-water condition. Through optimizing the nitridation temperature, the Cr/CrxN coating achieves a deuterium permeation reduction factor (PRF) as high as 3599 at 500 °C. Considering its scalable fabrication technique and considerable properties, the developed Cr/CrxN coating may serve as a novel high-performance hydrogen permeation barrier in various fields.
A Survey of Current Machine Learning Approaches to Student Free-Text Evaluation for Intelligent Tutoring
Authors: Bai Xiaoyu , Stede Manfred
Published: November 2022

Recent years have seen increased interests in applying the latest technological innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), to the field of education. One of the main areas of interest to researchers is the use of ML to assist teachers in assessing students’ work on the one hand and to promote effective self-tutoring on the other hand. In this paper, we present a survey of the latest ML approaches to the automated evaluation of students’ natural language free-text, including both short answers to questions and full essays. Existing systematic literature reviews on the subject often emphasise an exhaustive and methodical study selection process and do not provide much detail on individual studies or a technical background to the task. In contrast, we present an accessible survey of the current state-of-the-art in student free-text evaluation and target a wider audience that is not necessarily familiar with the task or with ML-based text analysis in natural language processing (NLP). We motivate and contextualise the task from an application perspective, illustrate popular feature-based and neural model architectures and present a selection of the latest work in the area. We also remark on trends and challenges in the field.
Split-Ring Structured All-Inorganic Perovskite Photodetector Arrays for Masterly Internet of Things
Authors: Shi Bori , Wang Pingyang , Feng Jingyun , Xue Chang , Yang Gaojie , Liao Qingwei , Zhang Mengying , Zhang Xingcai , Wen Weijia , Wu Jinbo
Published: November 2022

Photodetectors with long detection distances and fast response are important media in constructing a non-contact human–machine interface for the Masterly Internet of Things (MIT). All-inorganic perovskites have excellent optoelectronic performance with high moisture and oxygen resistance, making them one of the promising candidates for high-performance photodetectors, but a simple, low-cost and reliable fabrication technology is urgently needed. Here, a dual-function laser etching method is developed to complete both the lyophilic split-ring structure and electrode patterning. This novel split-ring structure can capture the perovskite precursor droplet efficiently and achieve the uniform and compact deposition of CsPbBr3 films. Furthermore, our devices based on laterally conducting split-ring structured photodetectors possess outstanding performance, including the maximum responsivity of 1.44 × 105 mA W−1, a response time of 150 μs in 1.5 kHz and one-unit area < 4 × 10–2 mm2. Based on these split-ring photodetector arrays, we realized three-dimensional gesture detection with up to 100 mm distance detection and up to 600 mm s−1 speed detection, for low-cost, integrative, and non-contact human–machine interfaces. Finally, we applied this MIT to wearable and flexible digital gesture recognition watch panel, safe and comfortable central controller integrated on the car screen, and remote control of the robot, demonstrating the broad potential applications.
The Association Between Subjective Wellness Symptoms and Blood Biomarker Data in English Premier League Footballers
Authors: Cleary Marc , McHugh Fearghal , Paradis Kyle F.
Published: November 2022

The present study investigates the association between subjective wellness symptoms, and categorical point-of-care (POC) blood biomarkers of the free oxygen radical test (FORT), and systemic inflammation through high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), in English Premier League footballers. Data from 38 male professional elite athletes (Mean Age = 25.8, SD = 4.4) from the English Premier League were included in the study, with a total of 674 individual testing records collected over an entire Premier League season. A player wellness questionnaire, along with fasted and rested point-of-care blood biomarker testing were collected weekly across the season. The wellness questionnaire collected subjective symptoms of illness and fatigue, while FORT and Hs-CRP were assessed through point-of-care analysis to highlight periods of excessive hydroperoxide production and systemic inflammation. Using a chi square goodness of fit model, results showed that there was a significant association between the frequency of symptoms logged and categorical POC blood biomarker data of FORT and HsCRP (P < 0.01). Of the records demonstrating normal levels of Hs-CRP and FORT concentrations, 27% logged symptoms with an average of 1.5 symptoms reported per answered record. Comparatively, excessive biomarker values demonstrated 55% of records having symptoms logged, averaging 2.4 symptoms reported per record.
A School Bus Routing Heuristic Algorithm Allowing Heterogeneous Fleets and Bus Stop Selection
Authors: Sciortino Monique , Lewis Rhyd , Thompson Jonathan
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses a school bus routing problem formulated as a capacitated and time-constrained open vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet and single loads. This problem incorporates several realistic features, such as student eligibility, maximum walking distances, bus stop selection, maximum riding times, different types of buses, multistops, and bus dwell times. A heuristic algorithm based on an iterated local search approach is proposed for this problem. It determines the selection of bus stops from a set of potential stops, the assignment of students to the selected bus stops, and the routes along the selected bus stops. The main objectives are minimizing the number of buses used, the total student walking distance, and the total route journey time. Other aims are balancing route journey times between buses and minimizing the total number of empty seats. A set of 20 real-world problem instances are used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Results indicate that the algorithm finds high-quality solutions in very short amounts of computational time.
From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma
Authors: Tulum Öner , Andreoni Antonio , Lazonick William
Published: November 2022

The tension between innovation and financialisation is central to the business corporation. Innovation entails a 'retain-and-reinvest' allocation regime that can form a foundation for stable and equitable economic growth. Driven by shareholder-value ideology, financialisation entails a shift to 'downsize-and-distribute'. This Element investigates this tension in global pharmaceuticals, focusing on the two leading UK companies AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline. In the 2000s both adopted US-style governance, including stock buybacks and stock-based executive pay. Over the past decade, however, first AstraZeneca and then GlaxoSmithKline transitioned to innovation. Critical was the cessation of buybacks to refocus capabilities on investing in an innovative drugs pipeline. Enabling this shift were UK corporate-governance institutions that mitigated US-style shareholder-value maximisation. Reinventing capitalism for the sake of stable and equitable economic growth means eliminating value destruction caused by financialisation and supporting value creation through collective and cumulative innovation. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Fitness consequences of cousin marriage: a life-history assessment in two populations
Authors: Dalzero Arianna , Ross Cody T. , Lukas Dieter
Published: November 2022

Cousin marriage, a spousal union between close kin, occurs at high frequencies in many parts of the world. The rates of cousin marriage in humans are concordant with empirical studies that challenge the traditionally held view that reproduction with kin is generally avoided in animals. Similarly, some theoretical models in animal behaviour show that inbreeding avoidance is more constrained than previously thought. Such studies highlight the importance of quantifying the costs and benefits of reproduction among close kin over the whole life-course. Here, we use genealogical data from two human populations with high frequencies of cousin marriage (the Dogon from Mali, and the Ancien Régime nobility from Europe) to estimate these potential costs and benefits. We compare age-specific fertility and survival curves, as well as the projected growth rates, of subpopulations of each marriage type. Fitness costs of cousin marriage are present in terms of reduced child survival (in both populations), while benefits exist as increased fertility for men (in the Dogon) and for women (in the Ancien Régime nobility). We also find some differences in the projected growth rates of lineages as a function of marriage type. Finally, we discuss the trade-offs that might shape marriage decisions in different ecological conditions.
Correlation between subjective and objective voice analysis pre- and post-shift among teleoperators in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Rahman M , Saniasiaya J , Abu Bakar M Z
Published: November 2022

Objective

Teachers and singers have been extensively studied and are shown to have a greater tendency to voice disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between subjective and objective voice analysis pre- and post-shift among teleoperators in a tertiary hospital.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study. Each patient underwent pre- and post-shift voice analysis.

Results

Among 42 teleoperators, 28 patients (66.7 per cent) completed all the tests. Female predominance (62 per cent) was noted, with a mean age of 40 years. Voice changes during working were reported by 48.1 per cent. Pre- and post-shift maximum phonation time (p < 0.018) and Voice Handicap Index-10 (p < 0.011) showed significant results with no correlation noted between subjective and objective assessment.

Conclusion

Maximum phonation time and Voice Handicap Index-10 are good voice assessment tools. The quality of evidence is inadequate to recommend ‘gold standard’ voice assessment until a better-quality study has been completed.
Notes on the genus Usnea Adans. (lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in tropical West Africa
Authors: Nadel Miko R. A. , Clerc Philippe
Published: November 2022

An investigation of the genus Usnea, in the biodiversity hotspot of the Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe in tropical West Africa, is presented here. Fifteen species, or species aggregates, were recorded for the islands: Usnea articulata aggr., Usnea baileyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Usnea beckeri P. Clerc & Nadel, Usnea bicolorata Motyka, Usnea erinacea aggr., Usnea exasperata (Müll. Arg.) Motyka, Usnea firmula (Stirt.) Motyka, Usnea krogiana P. Clerc, Usnea longiciliata P. Clerc & Nadel, Usnea nodulosa Swinscow & Krog, Usnea pectinata aggr., Usnea sorediosula Motyka, Usnea submollis J. Steiner, and two undetermined species. Two species of lichen are described as new to science: U. beckeri and U. longiciliata. Both species are characterized by a dense and brittle, dark green thallus, the presence of apothecia surrounded by long cilia-like fibrils, a lack of soredia, and the presence of two unknown substances; however, whereas U. beckeri has a pendant growth form and can reach 25 cm in length, U. longiciliata is differentiated by a shrubby growth form of less than 6 cm. These two species also have different ascospore dimensions. A molecular phylogenetic analysis is presented that lends support to their description as new species. Additionally, Usnea krogiana is noted as new to continental Africa and nine Usnea species or aggregates are noted as new to the Islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea.
Molecular, morphological and chemical variation of the Usnea pectinata aggregate from Tanzania, São Tomé and Príncipe
Authors: Temu Stella G. , Clerc Philippe , Nadel Miko R. A. , Tibell Leif , Tibuhwa Donatha D. , Tibell Sanja
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the molecular, chemical and morphological variation in the Usnea pectinata aggregate using 42 specimens, 22 from Tanzania and 20 from São Tomé and Príncipe. A total of 31 sequences (13 ITS, 13 nuLSU and 5 RPB1) were generated. The results are presented in two phylogenies: first a three-markers ‘backbone’ phylogeny for the U. pectinata aggregate, where six distinct, strongly supported subclades indicate considerable genetic variation in the dataset; and second, an ITS phylogeny with 47 terminals along with a mapping of morphological and chemistry data. Several well-supported monophyletic clades were recovered in both phylogenies and these may well represent separate species in the complex referred to here as the U. pectinata aggregate. Three morphotypes characterized by axis pigmentation and four by branch shape were noted. Six chemotypes were observed.
Anatomy collections as “modern ruins”: The nostalgia of lonely specimens
Authors: Ion Alexandra
Published: November 2022

Argument

This text is a reflection on the fate of a special kind of scientific object - anatomy collections - and their place in contemporary times. Though the phenomenon of keeping and displaying such collections is generally dying out, those specimens which survive continue to puzzle and fascinate us. To understand the current status of such collections, and the nostalgia evoked by the specimens within them, I argue, we should approach them as modern ruins. This allows us to think of them as places of absence, pointing to unfinished lives and unfinished scientific projects. The paper begins with the story of a preserved human face from the Francis I. Rainer anatomical-anthropological collection (Bucharest), and continues by discussing the fate of that collection, and of anatomy collections more widely. Ultimately, the paper asks, what is it that we want to preserve: specimens, practices, or research philosophies?
Dead or “undead”? The curious and untidy history of Volta’s concept of “contact potential”
Authors: Chang Hasok
Published: November 2022

Argument

Much of the long controversy concerning the workings of electric batteries revolved around the concept of the contact potential (especially between different types of metals), originated by Alessandro Volta in the late eighteenth century. Although Volta’s original theory of batteries has been thoroughly rejected and most discussions in today’s electrochemistry hardly ever mention the contact potential, the concept has made repeated comebacks through the years, and has by no means completely disappeared. In this paper, I describe four salient foci of its revivals: dry piles, thermocouples, quadrant electrometers, and vacuum phenomena. I also show how the contact potential has maintained its presence in some cogent modern scientific literature. Why has the death of the Voltaic contact potential been such an untidy affair? I suggest that this is because the concept has displayed significant meaning and utility in various experimental and theoretical contexts, but has never been successfully given a simple, unified account. Considering that situation, I also suggest that it would make sense to preserve and develop it as a multifarious concept.
From acute pulmonary embolism to post-pulmonary embolism sequelae
Authors: Farmakis Ioannis T. , Keller Karsten , Barco Stefano , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Hobohm Lukas
Published: November 2022

Summary: Aim of this narrative review is to summarize the functional and hemodynamic implications of acute PE and PE sequelae, namely the post-PE syndrome. Briefly, we will first describe the epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic approaches of acute PE. Then, we will provide a definition of the post-PE syndrome and present the so far accumulated evidence regarding its epidemiology and the implications that arise for further diagnosis and treatment. Lastly, we will explore the most devastating long-term complication of PE, namely chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and recent advances in its management.
Konstruktion und Validierung eines Assessments von Offenheit für Vielfalt für (angehende) Lehrer und Lehrerinnen
Authors: Koschmieder Corinna , Knauder Hannelore , Theuerl Eva Maria , Neubauer Aljoscha C.
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Vielfalt und Toleranz als solidarisches Grundgerüst einer westlichen Gesellschaft wurden in den letzten Jahren – anhand verschiedener Themen wie Migration, Inklusion in Schulen, unterschiedliche Lebensweisen – medial intensiv diskutiert. Dabei fordert der demographische Trend zur Vielfalt Lehrerinnen und Lehrer zunehmend auf, sich mit der steigenden Diversität der Schüler und Schülerinnen zu befassen. Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Situational Judgment Tests (SJT) zur Erfassung von Offenheit für Vielfalt (OfV) für (angehende) Lehrer und Lehrerinnen. Dieser Test wurde anhand von Fragebögen zu universellen Werten, Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, sozialen Fähigkeiten, Autoritarismus und sozial erwünschten Antworttendenzen an einer Stichprobe von Schülern und Schülerinnen ( N = 219) validiert. Faktorenanalysen ergeben einen Faktor der allgemeinen oder generalisierten „Offenheit für Vielfalt“ mit einer guten internen Konsistenz (>α = .84). Es zeigen sich Zusammenhänge mit Universalismus, Verträglichkeit, Empathie und Autoritarismus, die bis zu 30% Varianz des Konstrukts Offenheit für Vielfalt über das Geschlecht hinaus aufklären. Der entwickelte Test kann in weiterer Folge dazu dienen, das Konstrukt OfV für weitere Forschung im Bildungsbereich sowie für die Berufsorientierung und die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung von Lehrern und Lehrerinnen zugänglich zu machen.
Work Overload and Self-Endangering Work Behavior
Authors: Mander Rebekka , Antoni Conny H.
Published: November 2022

Abstract: There is increasing debate about whether worktime and workplace autonomy lead to employees coping with high workloads at the expense of their private lives, thereby willingly endangering themselves. This article also discusses the competencies required to balance job and home demands. We tested a moderated indirect effect model that assumes that both worktime and workplace autonomy amplify and self-leadership weakens the indirect relationship between work overload and emotional exhaustion via (job-to-home) spillover. The results of an online survey with 1,000 employees only supported the moderating role of worktime and workplace autonomy. Work autonomy amplified the indirect positive relationship between work overload and emotional exhaustion via spillover. Explorative analyses supported these findings only for worktime autonomy and indicated that self-leadership buffered the positive indirect association between qualitative – but not between quantitative – work overload and emotional exhaustion via spillover. These results call for differential approaches to prevent spillover and emotional exhaustion.
It Is Official, They Are Different – Discrepancies Between National Statistical Agency and Register-Based State Suicide Mortality Statistics in Australia
Authors: Leske Stuart , Garrett Andrew , Dwyer Jeremy
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Background: In Australia, most state-based suicide registers now publicly release suicide mortality data alongside those the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) releases annually. Aims: This study compared ABS’s recorded suicides with three state-based suicide registers (Queensland, Victoria, and Tasmania). We compared their case definitions and coding approaches to assist users in choosing the most suitable data source and interpret differences between sources. Method: We collated the number of suicides by year of registration and occurrence (2006–2020). We compared the scope and coding of suicides between ABS and the registers using publicly available suicide reports and data releases. Results: The ABS’s annual suicide numbers are similar to (and in Tasmania exceed) the numbers reported by state-based registers. The ABS year of occurrence data diverges substantially from the Victoria and Queensland register data in 2020, perhaps attributable to ongoing ABS revision processes. Minimal overlap exists between the case definitions and coding practices of the ABS and registers. Limitations: This is not an individual-level concordance study. Conclusion: Despite different case definitions and coding practices, the two sources produced largely consistent data. They have complementary strengths: timeliness (suicide register data) and enabling cross-jurisdictional comparisons (ABS data).
Perceived Determinants of Disclosing Suicide Loss
Authors: Oexle Nathalie , Puschner Nadja , Votruba Nicole , Rüsch Nicolas , Mayer Lea
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Background: People who lost a loved one to suicide (i.e., suicide loss survivors, SLS) often struggle to talk about their experiences. However, previous studies suggest beneficial effects of disclosure among this group. Aims: This study aimed to identify determinants of disclosing suicide loss. Method: We conducted qualitative interviews with 22 female SLS focusing on determinants of disclosing suicide loss. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified contextual factors, perceived risks, and perceived benefits as determinants of disclosing suicide loss. Contextual factors included social settings and characteristics of conversation partners. Perceived risks included emotional distress among oneself and others as well as stigma-related risks of disclosing. Perceived benefits included participants’ desire for authenticity and social support, as well as positive effects for grieving and fighting suicide stigma. Limitations: Findings are limited to the current female sample. Conclusion: SLS need support in identifying safe places for disclosure and in developing coping strategies to deal with suicide stigma and emotional distress experienced by themselves and others. Future research should investigate the general public’s ability and attitudes to provide support after suicide loss and investigate disclosure decisions among male SLS.
Abrupt Drying on the Southeast Coast of China During the Mid‐to‐Late Holocene Transition
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Huang Xianyu , Zhao Hongyan , Sachse Dirk
Published: November 2022

It is becoming increasingly clear that China experienced significant hydrological changes during the mid‐to‐late Holocene transition—a period characterized by societal changes. However, the nature of the hydroclimate anomaly as well as the direct consequences on societies in Southeast China remains unclear. Here, we present a leaf wax record from the Shuizhuyang peat deposit in Southeast China spanning the Holocene. The δD values of C29 n‐alkane (δDC29) showed a large positive shift up to 24‰ from 4.7 to 3.8 ka, which changed independent of vegetation proxies and could not be solely explained by precipitation δD variations. It is thus most likely to reflect abrupt drying, which is probably shaped by a more El Niño‐like mean state in the tropical Pacific Ocean. We hypothesize that such a significant change in hydroclimate might have promoted the development of mixed rice and millet farming on the southeast coast of China.
Characterization of Changes in Groundwater Storage in the Lachlan Catchment, Australia, Derived From Observations of Surface Deformation and Groundwater Level Data
Authors: Razeghi Mahdiyeh , Tregoning Paul , Shirzaei Manoochehr , Ghobadi‐Far Khosro , McClusky Simon , Renzullo Luigi
Published: November 2022

Global Positioning System (GPS) deformation measurements were combined with groundwater level data to examine the spatiotemporal variability of groundwater storage in the Lachlan catchment located in central New South Wales (Australia). After correcting for effects of glacial isostatic adjustment, non‐tidal oceanic and atmospheric loading as well as hydrologic loading using existing models, we show that the seasonal and interannual variability of ground deformation and hydraulic head level data, extracted using wavelet time‐frequency analysis, exhibits an in‐phase behavior, indicating that the observed surface deformation is the poroelastic response to groundwater pressure change in aquifer system. Combination of GPS displacement and groundwater level change enables the estimation of elastic skeletal specific storage coefficients, which were then used for estimating groundwater storage changes. The estimated groundwater storage changes clearly reflect the four climate events of the Lachlan catchment since 1996: (a) the Millennium drought over 1996–2009, (b) the 2011–2012 La Nina and two significant floods in 2012 and 2016, (c) the drought conditions from mid‐2017 to late‐2019, and (d) the return of La Nina conditions since early 2020. We also found annual and long‐term groundwater storage variations of respectively and over the period 2012–2021. Moreover, we show that groundwater level fluctuations can be predicted from GPS displacement measurements and storage coefficients with sufficient accuracy (80% correlation and 70% RMS reduction when compared in terms of seasonal cycle). This study provides essential information that can contribute to future groundwater planning, management, and control over the Australian continent.
CDAnet: A Physics‐Informed Deep Neural Network for Downscaling Fluid Flows
Authors: Hammoud Mohamad Abed El Rahman , Titi Edriss S. , Hoteit Ibrahim , Knio Omar
Published: November 2022

Generating high‐resolution flow fields is of paramount importance for various applications in engineering and climate sciences. This is typically achieved by solving the governing dynamical equations on high‐resolution meshes, suitably nudged toward available coarse‐scale data. To alleviate the computational cost of such downscaling process, we develop a physics‐informed deep neural network (PI‐DNN) that mimics the mapping of coarse‐scale information into their fine‐scale counterparts of continuous data assimilation (CDA). Specifically, the PI‐DNN is trained within the theoretical framework described by Foias et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1070/rm2014v069n02abeh004891) to generate a surrogate of the theorized determining form map from the coarse‐resolution data to the fine‐resolution solution. We demonstrate the PI‐DNN methodology through application to 2D Rayleigh‐Bénard convection, and assess its performance by contrasting its predictions against those obtained by dynamical downscaling using CDA. The analysis suggests that the surrogate is constrained by similar conditions, in terms of spatio‐temporal resolution of the input, as the ones required by the theoretical determining form map. The numerical results also suggest that the surrogate's downscaled fields are of comparable accuracy to those obtained by dynamically downscaling using CDA. Consistent with the analysis of Farhat, Jolly, and Titi (2015, https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1410.176), temperature observations are not needed for the PI‐DNN to predict the fine‐scale velocity, pressure and temperature fields.
Pim1 promotes IFN-β production by interacting with IRF3
Authors: Ko Ryeojin , Seo Jeongin , Park Hana , Lee Nawon , Lee Soo Young
Published: November 2022

The Pim (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) proteins compose a serine threonine kinase family whose members regulate cell proliferation, migration and cell survival. However, whether Pim kinases participate in innate immune responses is unclear. Here, we show for the first time that Pim1 plays an essential role in the production of interferon (IFN)-β by macrophages after their Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Specifically, Pim1 was quickly upregulated in an NF-κB-dependent manner after TLR stimulation with PAMPs. Pim1 deficiency reduced TLR3- or TLR4-stimulated IFN-β and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression but not proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. Mechanistically, Pim1 specifically upregulates IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. However, this role is not dependent on Pim1 kinase activity. Rather, Pim1 appears to promote IRF3 phosphorylation by enhancing the formation of IFN-β signaling complexes composed of TRIF, TRAF3, TBK1, and IRF3. Poly (I:C)-treated Pim1−/− mice produced less serum IFN-β and were less likely to survive than wild-type mice. These findings show for the first time that Pim1 participates in TLR-mediated IFN-β production, thus revealing a novel target for controlling antiviral innate immune responses.
Psychopathic and autistic traits differentially influence the neural mechanisms of social cognition from communication signals
Authors: Skjegstad Christine L. , Trevor Caitlyn , Swanborough Huw , Roswandowitz Claudia , Mokros Andreas , Habermeyer Elmar , Frühholz Sascha
Published: November 2022

Psychopathy is associated with severe deviations in social behavior and cognition. While previous research described such cognitive and neural alterations in the processing of rather specific social information from human expressions, some open questions remain concerning central and differential neurocognitive deficits underlying psychopathic behavior. Here we investigated three rather unexplored factors to explain these deficits, first, by assessing psychopathy subtypes in social cognition, second, by investigating the discrimination of social communication sounds (speech, non-speech) from other non-social sounds, and third, by determining the neural overlap in social cognition impairments with autistic traits, given potential common deficits in the processing of communicative voice signals. The study was exploratory with a focus on how psychopathic and autistic traits differentially influence the function of social cognitive and affective brain networks in response to social voice stimuli. We used a parametric data analysis approach from a sample of 113 participants (47 male, 66 female) with ages ranging between 18 and 40 years (mean 25.59, SD 4.79). Our data revealed four important findings. First, we found a phenotypical overlap between secondary but not primary psychopathy with autistic traits. Second, primary psychopathy showed various neural deficits in neural voice processing nodes (speech, non-speech voices) and in brain systems for social cognition (mirroring, mentalizing, empathy, emotional contagion). Primary psychopathy also showed deficits in the basal ganglia (BG) system that seems specific to the social decoding of communicative voice signals. Third, neural deviations in secondary psychopathy were restricted to social mirroring and mentalizing impairments, but with additional and so far undescribed deficits at the level of auditory sensory processing, potentially concerning deficits in ventral auditory stream mechanisms (auditory object identification). Fourth, high autistic traits also revealed neural deviations in sensory cortices, but rather in the dorsal auditory processing streams (communicative context encoding). Taken together, social cognition of voice signals shows considerable deviations in psychopathy, with differential and newly described deficits in the BG system in primary psychopathy and at the neural level of sensory processing in secondary psychopathy. These deficits seem especially triggered during the social cognition from vocal communication signals.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment algorithm 2022
Authors: Hampel Paul J. , Parikh Sameer A.
Published: November 2022

The treatment landscape for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has changed considerably with the introduction of very effective oral targeted therapies (such as Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and venetoclax) and next-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (such as obinutuzumab). These agents lead to improved outcomes in patients with CLL, even among those with high-risk features, such as del17p13 or TP53 mutation and unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) genes. Selecting the right treatment for the right patient requires consideration of disease characteristics and prior treatment sequence, as well as patient preferences and comorbidities. The CLL-International Prognostic Index (CLL-IPI) remains the best-validated tool in predicting the time to first therapy among previously untreated patients, which guides selection for early intervention efforts. This review summarizes our current approach to the management of CLL, right from the time of diagnosis through relapsed disease.