bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economical and ecological renewable solution based heating systems for residential building
Authors: Nichita Teodora-Mădălina , Girip Alina Viorica , Ilie Anica
Published: January 2025

This paper is an analysis which provides an objective perspective on the performance of different heating sources to facilitate informed decisions regarding investments in thermal energy production equipment that have a low impact on the environment. The aim of the study is to investigate different possibilities to reduce the power consumption and environmental impact taking account annual electricity consumption building for the central-western location in Romania. This paper presented the technical-cost benefit and environmental impact analysis of three alternative heating systems versus conventional systems with natural gas boiler. The obtained results show the higher cost is for ground-to-water heat pump solution and for pellet boiler the price initial investment is higher than that of a gas boiler with 2.15% but is like that of an air-to-water or ground-to-water heat pump. The total operating cost for pellet boiler, air-to-water heat pump and ground-to-water heat pump is higher than natural gas boiler with 65%, 23%, respectively 10%. The amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere decreases significantly with solutions air-to-water heat pump and ground-to-water heat pump, with the minimum value of 2502 kg CO2 obtained for the last.
Technical and economic analysis of a specific spruce wood material drying process
Authors: Terziev Angel , Ivanov Martin , Vassilev Momchil , Stankov Borislav
Published: January 2025

The presented work reveals the technical and economic analysis of a spruce wood material drying process, for a specific installation. The analysis is made of the drying process of spruce timber, where the amount of initial moisture content is 60% and the equilibrium moisture content is 12%. The baseline technological process is considered for the existing installation with a wood burning boiler, used for heat supply source. Three different heat source options were further suggested and analysed, for the wood drying process optimization: implementation of natural gas boiler, electric boiler and high temperature heat pump installation. The calculations for each of them were performed at a heat output of 100 kW and a drying temperature regime of 90/75°C. The results show that only the annual energy costs of the option with a heat pump system are lower than the base case, with the cash savings amounting to USD 4,884/year, payback period of 9.47 years and 99.93 t/year CO2 emissions. The specific energy consumption in this optimal suggested case is 0.139 kWh/kg.
Building retrofit solutions in the context of energy resilience and urban environment regeneration
Authors: Croitoru Cristiana , Calotă Răzvan , Lemian Diana , Civiero Paolo , Aelenei Laura
Published: January 2025

This paper highlights the role of building retrofitting in developing energy-resilient communities as a part of sustainable urban regeneration. Different approaches and technologies are covered, with the role of improving the energy performance of existing buildings by utilizing, among others, innovative insulation materials or renewable sources for heat supply combined with advanced smart control systems. The case studies from different parts of the world illustrate that this techno-economically viable retrofitting approach can reduce around 40 % energy consumption and emissions, making buildings more sustainable. The analysis of the new economic and regulatory is connected with the government’s incentives as well as public engagement in developing positive energy communities. This paper also documents an extensive evaluation of retrofit technologies and their application, demonstrating the critical contribution energy retrofits can make towards achieving enduring urban sustainability.
Biomass Organic Rankine Cycle for an industrial application
Authors: Ungureșan Paula Veronica , Pleșa Angela , Tărnar Gabriel , Bian Mihaela
Published: January 2025

The article presents a technical approach aimed at improving the energy efficiency of a furniture manufacturer. The proposed solution involves supplying the furniture factory with heat and electricity by integrating the existing biomass boiler with an Organic Rankine Cycle. An assessment was conducted on four distinct working fluids: D5, MD4M, m-Xylene, and Toluene. The results suggest that toluene yields the highest electrical efficiency
Fire safety of a novel concept of ventilated façade integrating Phase Change Materials
Authors: Ovadiuc Emanuil-Petru , Calotă Răzvan , Năstase Ilinca , Simion Adrian , Anghel Ion
Published: January 2025

Ventilated facades represent a modern solution increasingly adopted in smart, low-energy building designs. A critical consideration in the implementation of these systems is ensuring fire resistance while simultaneously minimizing the risk of fire propagation. Modern ventilated facade solutions incorporate solar energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs). This study explores the fire performance of storage mass composed of spheres integrating paraffin-based phase-change materials combined with AlO nanomaterials in order to enhance thermal conductivity (nePCM). The investigation focuses on the behavior of these composite materials under fire conditions, providing insights into their safety and efficacy in sustainable building applications.
The state of lipid metabolism on the background of the use of ω -3 fatty acids in high-altitude conditions
Authors: Gulbarchyn Alisherovna Asrankulova , Zhyldyz Akmatovna Makhmudova , Zyinat Samidinovna Boronova , Meerim Taalaibekovna Taalaibekova , Zhyldyz Turusbekovna Ayipova , Unsun Satarkulovna Torobaeva
Published: January 2025

A study of the effect of high altitude (Tuya-Ashu Pass, 3200 m above sea level and Bishkek, 720 m above sea level) on rat metabolism demonstrated significant changes in the lipid profile and oxidative stress levels after three days of exposure to low oxygen availability. There was a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, indicating disturbances in lipid metabolism and may be indicative of hyperlipidemia. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) levels increased significantly, while high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels decreased significantly, which is likely associated with worsening cardiovascular health and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased, indicating increased oxidative stress as a result of adaptation to high altitude conditions. Increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes confirms that the rats’ bodies are trying to adapt to increased oxidative stress by activating free radical defense mechanisms. Oral administration of ω-3 fatty acids at a dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight once a day for 30 days leads to a decrease in the levels of atherogenic low-density lipoproteins, malondialdehyde, increase the level of anti-atherogenic high-density lipoproteins and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase.
Social Acceptance of Green Infrastructure Adoption in Lithuania
Authors: Mikalauskas Ignas
Published: January 2025

Lithuania aims to have entirely renewable energy sector in the future, which will increase demand for sustainable infrastructure that integrates wind, solar, hydro, bio, geothermal, ocean, and hydrogen energy sources. This study uses demographic data to assess public acceptance of green infrastructure. While older, lower-income, rural, and less educated groups are more sceptical, younger, wealthy, urban, and highly educated people exhibit greater acceptance. These observations highlight the need of taking demography into account when trying to achieve broad acceptability and a successful transition to sustainability.
Numerical evaluation of renovation packages for an existing multi-family building
Authors: Tanase Andra , Bejan Andrei – Stelian , Calota Razvan , Ene Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The energy efficiency of building and building systems is one of the main focus of the European countries determined to lower their impact on CO2 emissions with ambitions certain targets until 2030 and 2025. This includes the implementation of nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) standards and the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources. This paper aims to study the implementation of different strategies and renovation packages on an existing building in Bucharest, Romania, thus reducing primary energy consumption with up to 56% and CO2 specific emissions with up to 73%.
Digital twins in the building sector: Implementation and key features
Authors: Lemian Diana , Bode Florin
Published: January 2025

The building industry is a major contributor to global CO2 emissions and energy consumption, accounting for 37% of CO2 emissions and 36% of global energy demand in 2020. Traditional construction practices and reliance on fossil fuels exacerbate the environmental impact of this sector. Despite advancements in building technology, energy use and emissions continue to rise, necessitating innovative solutions to enhance sustainability. Digital Twin (DT) technology offers a promising approach by creating virtual replicas of physical buildings, enabling real-time monitoring, simulation, and optimization of building performance. By integrating sensor data and Building Information Models (BIM), DTs provide comprehensive insights into energy usage, fault detection, predictive maintenance, and operational efficiency. This paper explores the implementation methodologies, key features, and applications of DTs in the building sector, highlighting their potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the study addresses the benefits of advanced technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) in enhancing BIM capabilities and supporting data-driven decision-making. The findings demonstrate that DTs can transform asset management practices, improve building performance, and promote sustainability in the building industry.
Database for a temperature model along urban Dâmbovița River
Authors: Gogoașe Nistoran Daniela-Elena , Ionescu Cristina Sorana , Opriș Ioana , Simionescu Ștefan-Mugur , Copilău Cristian
Published: January 2025

The paper examines the characteristic values of the hydraulic and atmospheric parameters necessary to set up a hydro-thermal deterministic model along urban Dâmbovița River in Bucharest City, Romania. The model is supposed to reproduce the thermal regime of the river during heatwaves occurring in hot summer periods. To this end, in the summers of 2020, 2021 and 2023 were acquired using multiple data of hydraulic and climate variables using temperature loggers equipped with bluetooth technology and remote sensing climate data retrieved from Open Weather. An hourly database including all the available hourly parameters of air and water for these periods, was created to be used in the development of a hydro-thermal model along Dâmbovița River.
Towards Sustainable Campus Development: A Case Study of Klaipeda University
Authors: Anne Olga , Mikalauskas Ignas
Published: January 2025

Klaipeda University (KU) has initiated a transformative project to create a green campus. This involves integrating renewable energy sources and smart building systems to improve resource efficiency and encourage sustainable living practices. An assessment of these initiatives examines their impact on sustainability, energy consumption, and educational outcomes. The evaluation involves a mixed-methods research approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data from technical reports, system performance metrics, and academic literature. The findings reveal positive developments in energy management, with geothermal and solar energy systems significantly reducing the university's carbon footprint. The implementation of building management systems (BMS) has led to optimized energy usage, resulting in a decrease in environmental impact. Moreover, the green campus initiatives have enhanced the educational experience by promoting a culture of sustainability within the university community. This case study offers a valuable model for other regional institutions aiming to adopt similar sustainable practices and technologies, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Sustainable coastal living spaces using shipping containers
Authors: Savaniu Ioan Mihail , Tonciu Oana , Francu Catalin
Published: January 2025

The article presents the importance of building coastal living spaces using end-of-life shipping containers - used ship containers - in order to reduce metal waste in coastal areas with a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions and coastal biodiversity leading to sustainable coastal living spaces. The comparative study between building a house using classical building solutions, reinforced concrete structure and brick masonry, and building the same house using maritime containers attempts to highlight the need to use these containers as coastal living space. The article presents the comparative study between the amount of CO2 emissions generated during the construction of a living space using classical solutions (infrastructure and superstructure in reinforced concrete with masonry) with a useful surface of about 28 square meters and the amount of greenhouse gases generated by the realization of a living space using decommissioned maritime containers with an equivalent useful surface. Following the comparative analysis we found that in the case of using maritime containers we obtain negative values in terms of CO2 emissions compared to the classical construction where the CO2 emissions are much positive.
Evaluating Key Indicators for Urban Decarbonization: A Framework for Sustainable Cities
Authors: Purcel Rodica , Croitoru Cristina
Published: January 2025

Urban decarbonization is critical for addressing climate change, given that urban areas are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper there are synthesized findings from several studies on indicators for urban decarbonization. The review highlights the complexity of measuring urban decarbonization due to the diverse and interconnected factors involved. Key findings indicate that while there are numerous indicators available, there is no single measure that captures the full scope of urban decarbonization outcomes. Instead, a combination of indicators is necessary to provide a comprehensive assessment. The paper also identifies best practices and successful case studies from various cities that have implemented effective decarbonization strategies. Despite the progress, significant challenges remain, including data availability, financial constraints, and the need for coordinated governance structures. The review underscores the importance of continuous improvement in measurement methodologies and the integration of multiple indicators to guide policy decisions. This literature review contributes to the growing body of knowledge on urban decarbonization and provides a foundation for future research and policy development.
Increasing the operating time of hollow fiber membrane bundles used for water ultrafiltration
Authors: Ciocănea Adrian , Simionescu Ștefan-Mugur , Opriș Florin
Published: January 2025

In order to increase the interval between cleanings of a hollow fiber membrane bundle (HFMB) used for water ultrafiltration, a numerical study and an experimental test were conducted. The relation between the water flow rate and shear stress along the hollow fiber membrane wires (HFMW) was studied for three geometries. Three angles (α = 900,450,00) for the intake flow pipe (di = 25 mm) against the horizontal axis of a cylinder (Dc = 100 mm; L = 600 mm) containing one hollow fiber membrane wire (dw = 1 mm) were chosen for the numerical investigation; five different water flow rates (Q = 8…16 l/min) were considered. The values for the shear stresses along one membrane wire placed along the cylinder's central axis were computed. The findings show that the best geome1try for enhanced shear stress is obtained for α = 00. For this geometry a mean value of 1.1 Pa for the shear stress was obtain along the first 1/3 of the membrane wire at a minimum flow rate of Q = 8 l/min. Higher values for water flow rates do raise shear stress but increased energy consumption is needed. The tests were carried out on a HFMB with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 0.097 μm, that was put in a glass cylinder with a horizontal axis, for μ = 900, μ = 00, and Q = 8 l/min. The results confirmed the conclusions of the numerical study i.e. the filtering capacity of the membrane was maintained higher by 6-6.5% for α = 00 comparing to α = 900 due to shear stress increase. For the flow rate of Q = 12 l/min the filtering capacity of the membrane did not increased. The study confirmed the hypothesis that for certain geometries there could be settle down optimum flow rates to minimize energy consumption during membrane operation but comprehensive research is needed.
A critical approach to clustering precipitation series in the Dobrogea region, Romania
Authors: Saliba Youssef , Barbulescu Alina , Dumitriu Cristian Ștefan
Published: January 2025

This study provides a detailed framework for applying clustering algorithms to analyze precipitation data from the Dobrogea region in Romania, covering 46 meteorological stations from 1965 to 2005. Three clustering methods—K-means, K-medoids, and DBSCAN—were employed to partition the stations based on their monthly precipitation patterns. The primary goal was to outline the implementation process, highlight the use of specific R packages, and demonstrate parameter tuning to optimize clustering performance. Validation measures, including internal and stability indices, were used to assess the quality of each clustering method. While initial results indicated that K-medoids offer stable clusters and DBSCAN effectively handles noise, further comparative analysis with additional methods is necessary to determine the most suitable clustering technique for precipitation data. This work serves as a practical guide for selecting, implementing, and validating clustering algorithms in environmental data analysis.
Exploring Mixed Reality for Patient Education in Cerebral Angiograms: A Pilot Study
Authors: Murdock Paul , Bonthu Snehita , Chavez Angel , Ooi Yinn Cher
Published: January 2025

Background: Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) affect 3-5% of the general population, with saccular aneurysms being the most common type. Despite advances in treatment, patient understanding of CAs and associated procedures remains limited, impacting informed consent and treatment outcomes.
Objectives: This pilot study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality (MR) technology in enhancing patient education and understanding of cerebral angiograms and aneurysm treatment, thereby improving the patient-surgeon communication process.
Methods: A non-randomized single-center prospective study was conducted with 16 patients diagnosed with intracranial aneurysms. Participants used a Microsoft HoloLens to view an interactive 3D presentation about cerebral angiograms and aneurysm treatments. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed their knowledge and anxiety levels using a 5-point Likert scale. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Post-intervention, the total survey scores improved significantly (average increase of 6.7 points, p<0.05). Seven out of eight survey questions showed significant knowledge improvement. The mean perceived ability to explain aneurysm treatment improved by 1.38 points and understanding of access points for procedures increased by 1.31 points (both p<0.05). The question regarding understanding of treatment risks did not show significant change (p>0.05). Anxiety levels decreased, with 75% of participants reporting reduced anxiety post-intervention.
Conclusions: MR technology significantly enhances patient understanding and reduces anxiety regarding cerebral angiogram procedures and aneurysm treatments. These findings support the integration of MR in patient education to improve clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. This approach offers a promising direction for future healthcare communication strategies, especially in complex procedures requiring detailed patient comprehension.
Pediatric Predictive Artificial Intelligence Implemented in Clinical Practice from 2010-2021: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Knake Lindsey A , Dziorny Adam , Hernandez Sean , McCoy Allison B , Hess Lauren M. , Orenstein Evan , White Mia S , Kirkendall Eric S. , Molloy Matthew , Hagedorn Philip , Muthu Naveen , Murugan Avinash , Beus Jonathan M , Mai Mark , Luo Brooke , Chaparro Juan Demetrio
Published: January 2025

Objective: To review pediatric artificial intelligence (AI) implementation studies from 2010-2021 and analyze reported performance measures.
Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase CINHAL, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, IEEE and Web of Science with controlled vocabulary. Inclusion criteria: AI intervention in a pediatric clinical setting that learns from data (i.e., data-driven, as opposed to rule-based) and takes actions to make patient-specific recommendations; published between 01/2010 to 10/2021; must have agency (AI must provide guidance that affects clinical care, not merely running in background). We extracted study characteristics, target users, implementation setting, time span, and performance measures.
Results: Of 126 articles reviewed as full text, 17 met inclusion criteria. Eight studies (47%) reported both clinical outcomes and process measures, six (35%) reported only process measures, and two (12%) reported only clinical outcomes. Five studies (30%) reported no difference in clinical outcomes with AI, four (24%) reported improvement in clinical outcomes compared to controls, two (12%) reported positive effects on clinical outcomes with use of AI but had no formal comparison or controls, and one (6%) reported poor clinical outcomes with AI. Twelve studies (71%) reported improvement in process measures, while two (12%) reported no improvement. Five (30%) studies reported on at least 1 human performance measure.
Conclusions : While there are many published pediatric AI models, the number of AI implementations is minimal with no standardized reporting of outcomes, care processes, or human performance measures. More comprehensive evaluations will help elucidate mechanisms of impact.
Comparison of sensory recovery between random pattern flap and axial pattern flap in finger defect reconstruction
Authors: Nguyen Tien Duc
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of different flaps, including random- and axial-pattern flaps, and sensory recovery following finger soft tissue reconstruction using local pedicle flaps.
Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on 115 patients with 130 finger soft tissue defects treated with local pedicle flaps between December 2016 and December 2020. Assessments were made at early postsurgery (119 flaps), three months postsurgery (110 soft tissue defects), and six months postsurgery (94 soft tissue defects). Sensory recovery outcomes were compared between soft tissue defects reconstructed using random- and axial-pattern flaps. Results: In the early postsurgery period, there was a significantly higher prevalence of a static sense of two-point discrimination (s2PD) ≤6 mm among fingers with random-pattern flaps (96.2%) than among fingers with axial-pattern flaps (64.5%). The probability of s2PD ≤ 6 mm at the donor and recipient sites with the direct flap was 75.5% and 25.5%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that with the reversed flap. After six months, there was a significant difference in sensory recovery compared to that at three months postsurgery, but not between different flap types. Conclusions: Sensory recovery after reconstruction was observed with all flap types, and better sensory recovery can be achieved in a shorter time postsurgery using random-pattern flaps.
Iodine-mediated oxidative [3+2] annulation of quinoxalinones with oxime esters: An approach towards imidazo[1, 2-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Kant Ruchir , Srivastava Ajay Kumar
Published: January 2025

Herein, we describe an efficient and operationally simple methodology for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones via a molecular iodine-mediated annulation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and oxime acetates in a [3+2] fashion. This reaction offers a novel and straight forward method for constructing functionalized imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones in a highly regioselective manner.
Strain Release in Hydrogen Atom Transfer from 1,4-Disubstituted Cyclohexanes to the Cumyloxy Radical
Authors: Galeotti Marco , Palone Andrea , Salamone Michela , Liu Fengjiao , Yu Yanmin , Houk Kendall N. , Bietti Massimo
Published: January 2025

A kinetic, product and computational study on the reactions of the cumyloxyl radical (CumO•) with 1,4-dimethyl- and 1,4-diphenylcyclohexanes is reported. The rate constants for hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the C-H bonds of these substrates to CumO•, together with the corresponding oxygenation product distributions reveal the role of strain release on reaction site-selectivity. Transition structures and activation barriers obtained by DFT calculations are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Tertiary/secondary ratios of oxygenation products of 0.6, 1.0 and 3.3 were observed, for trans-1,4-dimethyl-, cis-1,4-dimethyl- and trans-1,4-diphenylcyclohexane, respectively. With cis-1,4-diphenylcyclohexane, exclusive formation of the diastereomeric tertiary alcohol products was observed. Within the two diastereomeric couples, the tertiary equatorial C-H bond in the cis- isomer is ∼6 and 27 times more reactive, respectively, than the tertiary axial ones, a behavior that reflects the release of 1,3-diaxial strain in the HAT transition state. The tertiary axial C-H bonds of the four substrates show remarkably similar reactivities in spite of the much greater stabilization of the benzyl radicals resulting from HAT from the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexanes. The lack of benzylic acceleration is discussed in the framework of Bernasconi’s “principle of non-perfect synchronization”.
The Effect of Locking Head Inserts on the Biomechanical Properties of a 3.5-mm Broad Locking Compression Plate When Used in an Open Fracture-Gap Model
Authors: Hawker William T. G. , Moens Noel , Guest Bruce , Oblak Michelle , MacIver Melissa , Runciman John
Published: January 2025

Objective To determine the effect of locking head inserts (LHI) on plate strain, stiffness, and deformation when applied to a 3.5-mm broad locking compression plate (LCP) in an open fracture-gap model.

Study Design Six, 13-hole, 3.5-mm broad LCP were secured to epoxy bone models with a 10 mm central defect and 1 mm plate offset. Two peripheral locking screws were placed in each segment, with the remaining screw holes left unfilled. Three strain gauges were glued to each LCP at anticipated regions of maximum strain. Constructs underwent cyclic uniaxial loading at a rate of 20 mm/min to 400 N in three different configurations (Configuration 1: no LHI, Configuration 2: 3 LHI, Configuration 3: 9 LHI). LHI were tightened to 4 Nm of torque. A data acquisition system was used to collect implant strain during testing. Construct stiffness and deformation were recorded by the biomechanical testing machine.

Results Maximum implant strain was recorded at the central screw hole directly over the simulated fracture gap in all configurations (Mdn 1,837.3 µε [interquartile range: 1,805.1–1,862.0]). There was no difference in implant peak-to-peak strain with addition of LHI at all three gauges (Gauge 1 [p = 0.847], Gauge 2 [p = 0.847], Gauge 3 [p = 0.311]). Similarly, peak-to-peak displacement (p = 0.069) and axial construct stiffness (p = 0.311) did not change with the addition of LHI.

Conclusion The addition of LHI to a 3.5-mm broad LCP construct was not shown to have an effect on plate strain, stiffness, or deformation.
CO2 Laser Technique versus Cold Steel: Is CO2 Laser Required as a Surgical Tool for Flawless Stapes Surgery?
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Gupta Anandita , Sethi A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction Stapedotomy is the standard of care in the surgical management of clinical otosclerosis. It is a precise and technically demanding craft requiring impeccable surgical skills. Both conventional and laser-assisted procedures aim to achieve closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) with minimum collateral damage.

Objective To compare the postoperative outcomes of conventional stapes surgery and CO2 laser-assisted surgery.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 74 adult patients who underwent stapedotomy at our center. The patients were divided into two groups for comparison: the “cold steel method” (CSM) group, which was composed of patients who had undergone conventional stapedotomy (manual microperforators/hand-held microdrill); and the “CO2 laser-assisted” (LA) group. The postoperative outcomes assessed at 3 and 6 months in both groups were analyzed and compared. The average operative time and complications of both groups were also compared.

Results The hearing outcomes presented statistically significant postoperative improvement in both groups. The LA group presented statistically significant better air conduction thresholds at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). The ABG and its degree of closure were statistically better at 3 months in the LA group; however, the difference became insignificant at 6 months. Transient vertigo was more common in the LA group (p < 0.01). There was no new sensorineural hearing loss in either group. The operative time was longer in the LA group.

Conclusion In experienced hands, both conventional and laser techniques can be used with equal ease and expectation of better outcomes. The CO2 laser is not an indispensable tool to achieve good surgical results on a routine basis.
Intraosseous Meningioma of the Frontal Bone: Management and Challenges in Autologous Bone Reconstruction
Authors: Lindner Rafaela Jucá , Gibbon Frederico de Lima , Vial Antônio Delacy Martini
Published: January 2025

Intraosseous meningiomas, although uncommon, represent a distinctive and important subset of meningiomas. These slow-growing tumors arise from the arachnoid cells present in the meninges and infiltrate the adjacent bone, often presenting as palpable masses. This case report focuses on a female with a frontal bone intraosseous meningioma and its management and challenges, including autologous bone reconstruction (cranioplasty).
Smell-waking as a cognitive mapping tool: investigating the smellscape of Syrian food for placemaking in Cairo’s outskirts
Authors: Abbassy Noha , El-Husseiny Momen , Shaker Sami
Published: January 2025

Cognitive mapping is central to urban design. As a pioneer of cognitive mapping, Kevin Lynch focused his work on tangible visual elements while only acknowledging other intangible attributes. In an attempt to bridge the gap between Lynch’s cognitive mapping tools and sensorial studies, this paper explores smell-walking as a method of cognitive mapping in the context of Cairo. Through a designed smell walk experiment, 25 participants documented their immediate sensations, past experiences, and memories evoked by the smells of Syrian food practices in an open market situated at the edge of El-Rehab, a gated community on the outskirts of Cairo. This pilot study is a step forward in renewing The image of the city by displaying a smell map, participants’ cognitive image, smellscape, and placemaking narratives. It concludes with the collective cognitive perception of a hybrid smellscape that triggers hunger, happiness, and nostalgia.
Spatialising intersectionality: An approach to public space design in self-built neighbourhoods in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Ortiz Catalina , Franco Calderon Angela M , Millan Franco Gynna , Jaramillo Diaz Isabella
Published: January 2025

Standardisation, scarce spaces of encounter, and neglecting social identities when designing public spaces largely contribute to social discontent in neighbourhood upgrading processes. While discussions on intersectionality are mushrooming in urban studies, there is still a gap in understanding how this approach can be applied to public space design in self-built neighbourhoods, which are also the prevalent form of urbanisation globally. In this context, urban designers need to embrace new frames to address this challenge. Using the case of El Filo Park in Cali, Colombia, we devised a methodological strategy to deploy an intersectional approach within a highly contested public space. Our proposal transcends the intra-group categories by emphasising territory as an inter-group category. We argue that by adopting a multilayered qualitative approach, complex dynamics shaping these spaces are uncovered and the spatial implications of interlocking systems of oppression and privilege faced by individuals and groups with diverse social identities are revealed.
Magnetization of fine-grained YBaCuO near the lower critical field
Authors: Krasil’nikov A. S. , Mamsurova L. G. , Trusevich N. G. , Shcherbakov L. G. , Pukhov K. K.
Published: January 2025

Changes in the behavior of the magnetization curves M(H) of fine-grained YBaCuO HTSC at temperatures near Tc are observed when the grain size D becomes comparable with the magnetic field penetration depth λ. The starting formation of the vortex structure in samples with the typical grain size D ∼ λ is considered theoretically within a model that accounts for the interaction of vortices with one another as well as with the surface of the grains. The creation fields of seven initial vortices are calculated and theoretical M(H) curves are obtained for different D/λ ratios. We show that for D ∼ λ a substantial increase of the penetration field occurs not only for the first, but also for subsequent vortices, which is consistent with the anomalies in the experimental M(H) curves for fine-grained HTSC.
The microwave measurements of (N2)xAr1−x solid solutions
Authors: Kempiński W. , Stankowski J.
Published: January 2025

A full range of solid solutions (N2)xAr1−x(0<x<l) have been examined with an x-band microwave dielectrometer. The real part of the permittivity ε′ versus temperature T for this non-polar system has been measured with a high accuracy (10−6) at temperatures between 1.5−75 K. A comparative (x,T) phase diagram is constructed with a β-α structural phase transition and the problem of transition to the orientational glass is discussed.
Isochoric thermal conductivity of solid freons CF2CI2 and CHF2CI of methane series
Authors: Konstantinov V. A. , Manzhelii V. G. , Revyakin V. P. , Smirnov S. A.
Published: January 2025

The isochoric thermal conductivity and thermal pressure of solid freons CF2Cl2 and CHF2Cl of the methane series are studied at premelting temperatures. It is found that the thermal conductivity of CHF2Cl increases weakly with temperature, while for CF2Cl2 it remains practically constant. These parameters are compared with those for other freons of the methane series. The relation between the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and the orientational motion of molecules is considered. It is shown that the behavior of isochoric thermal conductivity in orientationally ordered phases is in the best agreement with the case of strong scattering and the concept of thermal conductivity “minimum.” An increase in thermal conductivity with temperature in orientationally disordered phases is associated with suppression of phonon scattering at rotational excitations due to a decrease in correlations in the rotation of neighboring molecules.
Hartree–Fock approximation in the Fermi-liquid theory taking into account the spatial symmetry of crystals
Authors: Poluektov Yu. M.
Published: January 2025

The Hartree-Fock approach to the description of electrons in a solid at nonzero temperatures is generalized by taking into account the spatial symmetry of the crystal. It is shown that the inclusion of electron-electron interaction does not change the classification of electron states, which is used in the one-electron approach. The Hartree–Fock approximation at finite temperatures leads to the relations of the Fermi-liquid theory. The effective electron mass in this theory is determined both by the periodic lattice potential and by the electron-electron interaction.
Diffusion of quasiparticles of 3He–4He mixtures and classical particles
Authors: Adamenko I. N. , Nemchenko K. É.
Published: January 2025

All the diffusion coefficients of superfluid 3He–4He mixtures and the diffusion matrix of a three-component gas of classical particles are calculated by a unified approach. It is shown that the diffusion flux of a gas of thermal excitations governs the nonadditive part of the thermal conductivity of the mixture. The expression obtained for the spin diffusion coefficient differs significantly from the existing empirical formula involving the mass diffusion coefficient. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental data.
Peculiar behavior of low-temperature magnetization of a one-dimensional alternating spin chain with impurity
Authors: Zvyagin A. A. , Segal Ya. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The properties of a one-dimensional two-sublattice X–Y spin chain with an isolated magnetic substitutional impurity (nonmagnetic interstitial impurity) are studied theoretically. It is shown that two branches of the continuous excitation spectrum in the system can coexist with two or four discrete impurity levels. The behavior of the magnetic moment of the impurity atom and matrix atoms in an applied constant magnetic field is investigated. The magnitudes of the external field for which jumps of the impurity magnetic moment component along the preferred direction can occur in the ground state of the system are determined.
Superconducting parameters and vortex dynamics in aluminum-doped YBaCuO single crystals containing unidirectional twins
Authors: Obolenskiĭ M. A. , Bondarenko A. V. , Shklovskii V. A. , El-Saadawy Mohamed , Vovk R. V. , Samoilov A. V. , Niarchos D. , Pissas M. , Kallias G. , Sivakov A. G.
Published: January 2025

Resistive transitions and current–voltage characteristics of aluminum-doped YBaCuO single crystals containing unidirectional twins have been investigated in magnetic fields. Temperature, field, and angular dependences of the critical current and effective pinning potential are discussed in the frames of the theory of collective pinning at small-scale defects taking into account thermal fluctuations of vortex lines. Angular dependences are interpreted in the model of step structure of vortex lines in magnetic fields tilted with respect to twin planes. The reasons behind the absence of broadening of resistive curves in magnetic fields are considered.
Study on generation of metal–fluorides, YbF and PbF
Authors: Wang Hailing , Mo Yan , Pan Jianuan , Li Bowen , Xu Fangyao
Published: January 2025

Metal–fluorine (MF) diatomic molecules, such as YbF and PbF, are extensively utilized in precision spectroscopy and fundamental physics applications. For instance, they are suitable candidates for the search of electric dipole moments (EDMs) and the investigation of laser cooling systems. Studying how to generate these molecules effectively and productively is of significant importance. In the present work, we focus on the generation of YbF and PbF through chemical reactions involving Yb, Pb atoms ablated from an Yb-, Pb-metal targets and two most commonly used fluorine-containing gases, SF6 and CF4. The reactions are investigated theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) and experimentally employing the laser-ablation/laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique to compare the efficiencies of YbF and PbF molecule generation. Computational results suggest that when generating PbF, the use of SF6 as the fluorine gas enhances the yield in comparison to CF4, which is consistent with our experimental results. On the contrary, for YbF, while theoretical calculations similarly advocate for SF6 yielding higher yields, the experimental results contradict this conclusion. Furthermore, theoretical predictions propose that metal atoms in an excited state can promote the progress of the reaction.
Single-pixel microscopic imaging through complex scattering media
Authors: Zhang Tianshun , Xiao Yin , Chen Wen
Published: January 2025

Microscopic imaging through complex scattering media is recognized to be challenging. Here, we report high-resolution single-pixel microscopic imaging through complex scattering media. This is developed via an integration of temporal corrections with single-pixel microscopic imaging to enhance the quality of the reconstructed object images and achieve high resolution in complex scattering environments. By adopting a fixed pattern as a temporal carrier, the effect of dynamic scaling factors induced by complex scattering media, which disturb the recorded light intensities, is removed. Artificial targets and biological specimens are tested in optical experiments, and feasibility of the proposed approach is validated to show that the developed single-pixel microscopic imaging system exhibits high robustness against complex scattering. This work offers a promising solution for high-resolution microscopic imaging through thick, dynamic, and complex scattering media.
Mercury wet deposition in the urban and industrialised region of Campinas, south-east Brazil
Authors: Hechavarria-Hernandez Amauris , Viana José Lucas Martins , Fostier Anne Hélène
Published: January 2025

Environmental context Wet deposition is a primary mechanism for transferring atmospheric mercury (Hg) to Earth’s surface. In Brazil, as well as in the rest of the Southern Hemisphere, only limited data on wet Hg deposition are available. This article addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive dataset from nearly 2 years of monitoring, focusing on mercury concentrations in rainwater and wet Hg deposition in Campinas, one of the largest industrial and populated regions in São Paulo state (south-east Brazil). Rationale Data on mercury (Hg) wet deposition in Brazil, as well as in the rest of the Southern Hemisphere, are sparse. To fill this gap, this study presents a comprehensive dataset from a long-term monitoring effort (nearly 2 years) that focuses on Hg concentrations in rainwater and wet Hg deposition in Campinas, one of Brazil’s largest industrial and populated regions located in São Paulo state (south-east Brazil). Methodology A total of 66 rain events were captured from April 2019 to December 2020 using a manually operated rain collector. The total Hg concentration was determined using Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CVAFS), and wet Hg deposition was calculated. Results The volume-weighted mean (VWM) Hg concentration ranged from 5.59 to 15.3 ng L−1, with the highest value recorded during the driest season; the overall average for the sampling period was 6.42 ng L−1. Annual Hg wet deposition varied from 6.5 to 7.1 µg m−2 year−1. Discussion These results indicate a clear seasonal variation in Hg deposition and suggest that precipitation depth is the primary influencing factor at our study site. Both the VWM and Hg deposition levels were comparable to those observed in many urban and industrial sites in the Northern Hemisphere. More long-term wet deposition monitoring is needed in urban and industrialised areas of the Southern Hemisphere to improve our understanding of the impacts of human activities on the Hg cycle.
A periplasmic protein modulates the proteolysis of peptidoglycan hydrolases to maintain cell wall homeostasis in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Park Sohee , Jeon Wook-Jong , Lee Yeseul , Lim Chae Lim , Lee Eunyeong , Oh Han Byeol , Lee Gyu Sung , Kwon Oh Hyun , Ryu Bumhan , Cho Yong-Joon , Kim Chung Sub , Yoon Sung-il , Chung Jeong Min , Cho Hongbaek
Published: January 2025

Bacterial cell wall assembly and remodeling require activities of peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases as well as PG synthases. In particular, the activity of DD-endopeptidases, which cleave the 4-3 peptide crosslinks in PG, is essential for PG expansion in gram-negative bacteria. Maintaining optimal levels of DD-endopeptidases is critical for expanding PG without compromising its integrity. In
Escherichia coli
, the levels of major DD-endopeptidases, MepS and MepH, along with the lytic transglycosylase MltD, are controlled by the periplasmic protease Prc and its outer membrane adaptor NlpI. However, the mechanisms regulating the turnover of these PG hydrolases have remained unclear. In this study, we identified a periplasmic protein, BipP (formerly YhjJ), that negatively controls the NlpI-Prc system. Further analyses indicate that BipP exerts this control by interacting with NlpI and inhibiting its substrate recognition in response to low DD-endopeptidase activity, providing insight into the homeostatic control of PG hydrolysis and cell wall expansion.
A model for the redshift-space galaxy 4-point correlation function
Authors: Ortolá Leonard William , Slepian Zachary , Hou Jiamin
Published: January 2025

The field of cosmology is entering an epoch of unparalleled wealth of observational data
thanks to galaxy surveys such as DESI, Euclid, and Roman. Therefore, it is essential to have a
firm theoretical basis that allows the effective analysis of the data. With this purpose, we
compute the nonlinear, gravitationally-induced connected galaxy 4-point correlation function
(4PCF) at the tree level in Standard Perturbation Theory (SPT), including redshift-space
distortions (RSD). We begin from the trispectrum and take its inverse Fourier transform into
configuration space, exploiting the isotropic basis functions of [1]. We ultimately
reduce the configuration-space expression to low-dimensional radial integrals of the power
spectrum. This model will enable the use of the BAO feature in the connected 4PCF to sharpen our
constraints on the expansion history of the Universe. It will also offer an additional avenue for
determining the galaxy bias parameters, and thus tighten our cosmological constraints by breaking
degeneracies. Survey geometry can be corrected in the 4PCF, and many systematics are localized,
which is an advantage over data analysis with the trispectrum.
A Bionic Robotic Fish with a Dielectric Elastomer
Authors: Zhang Chenghong
Published: January 2025

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are promising enabling devices that can be used in a wide range of robots, artificial muscles and microfluidics. They are characterized by high actuating strain, low cost and noise, and high energy density and efficiency. There are three main challenges for enabling DEs to become actuators: (1) developing suitable and compatible electrode materials; (2) effectively isolating the actuator electrode from the surrounding fluid; and (3) creating a rigid frame that usually requires prestraining of the dielectric layer. The use of robotic fish in water is an important application field of biomimetic soft robots. At present, most underwater robotic fish use spiral propulsion, which has several problems, including propulsion efficiency, position controllability and aquatic organism involvement. To provide solutions, the research and development of underwater robotic fish that imitate the fins and body propulsion of fish and the use of soft underwater robotic fish are in full adoption. This project involves the research and development of a bionic soft underwater robot fish with a software driver, which can imitate swimming via the tail fin and body of a fish, especially with respect to stable swimming propulsion, to successfully develop high-performance soft underwater robot fish. In addition, to imitate the unstable swimming movements of fish, such as turning and sharp acceleration and deceleration, robot fish that use DE drivers with good flexibility and high strain have been researched and developed.