bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence, interpersonal trust and hope: a study among portuguese adults.
Authors: Vale-Dias Maria da Luz , Minas Bárbara
Published: August 2021

According to results presented in several reports from the World Health Organization, violence in intimate relationships is a phenomenon whose incidence covers the most diverse populations on a universal scale. Allowing for recent information included on a report from a Portuguese association that gives support to victims (APAV, 2014), this is a very serious problem with severe consequences, including death. Being a complex problem, so interconnected with several variables that have an impact on developmental trajectories, there is an increased need for research and intervention. Objectives: Considering previous research on interpersonal trust, hope and intimate partner violence, this exploratory study aims to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence, interpersonal trust in the intimate partner and hope for the future. Also, prevalence of violence in intimate relationships will be addressed. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the sample includes 302 subjects (202 women and 100 men), aged 18 to 63 years (M = 29, SD =10.78). Data collection was performed through a protocol that includes a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Portuguese adaptation of the Rotenberg s Specific Trust Scale-Adults, the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence, the Inventory of Marital Violence and the Scale of the Future. Results: A worrying prevalence of violence in intimate relationships was found, whether in present or in past relationships. Results also show the existence of weak, but statistically significant negative associations between interpersonal trust and violence, considering both victimization and perpetration. Although modest, some significant positive relationships between certain aspects of hope and interpersonal trust were found. In addition, results show some significant differences in legitimating beliefs of intimate partner violence by age, sex and socioeconomic status. Discussion: Interpretation of these findings, study limitations and suggestions for future investigations are presented and discussed.
Da inatividade ao sentimiento de utilidade da pessoa idosa: efeito na redução dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão
Authors: Carvalho Pereira de Melo Rosa Cândida , Pereira de Melo Andreia Sofia
Published: August 2021

A inatividade e a falta de reconhecimento social têm consequências negativas, podendo levar a comportamentos de agitação, depressão e complicações causadas pela imobilidade. Neste contexto, torna-se fundamental ocupar a pessoa idosa para que se sinta útil. Este estudo pretende avaliar o efeito da mudança de contexto familiar e do cuidado em Humanitude no sentimento de utilidade da pessoa idosa. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, de cariz exploratório e descritivo, longitudinal (realizado ao longo de 4 anos), numa pessoa idosa (94 aos 98 anos), em contexto domiciliar, antes da mudança do contexto familiar, 2 e 4 anos após esta mudança. Nestes três momentos foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: depressão pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage - versão curta; nível de dependência das Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD) pela escala de Lawton e Brody; sinais vitais; fármacos consumidos; e comportamentos de agitação psicomotora. Verificou-se efeito positivo da mudança do contexto familiar e da utilização dos procedimentos cuidativos Humanitude na pessoa idosa em estudo, nomeadamente: redução dos sintomas de depressão, de depressão grave (14), para sem depressão (5); melhoria dos níveis de dependência nas AIVD, de dependência total (1), para dependência moderada (5); diminuição dos valores da tensão arterial (TA), de 170/90mmhg, para 100/75mmhg; redução dos fármacos prescritos e consumidos, de 12 fármacos diários para 1 fármaco; observou-se uma redução na frequência e intensidade dos comportamentos de agitação psicomotora (tremores, irritabilidade e labilidade emocional). Verificouse ainda aumento da satisfação na participação nas AIVD. Foi evidenciado que a forma como interagimos com a pessoa idosa pode ter efeitos na sua saúde e no seu comportamento. Assim, a formação dos cuidadores formais e informais é importante para darem intencionalidade na valorização da participação ativa da pessoa idosa em atividades com que se identifique e que lhe restitua o sentimento de utilidade social.
La motivación de los estudiantes para realizar actividad física.
Authors: Durán Vinagre Miguel Ángel , Sánchez Herrera Susana , Feu Sebastian
Published: August 2021

La actividad deportiva tiene un papel importante e insustituible en la adolescencia, ya que su práctica regular no sólo protege a las personas contra las enfermedades no transmisibles, sino que también contribuye a una mejor calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el tipo de regulación de las motivaciones y los motivos para la realización de actividad física que presentan los estudiantes en función de la variable sexo. Participaron un total de 170 estudiantes universitarios del primer curso del Grado de Maestro, el 35.3% hombres (n= 60) y el 64.7% mujeres (n= 110), con una media de edad de 20.02±2.55. Respondieron al Cuestionario de Regulación de la Conducta en el Ejercicio (BREQ-3) y al Cuestionario de Medida de los motivos de Actividad Física Revisada (MPAM-R). Los resultados revelan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables regulación intrínseca (U= 1418.5; p<.05), integrada (U= 1520.5; p<.05) e identificada (U= 2157.5; p<.05). Del mismo modo, se obtuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los motivos para la realización de actividades físicas en las variables de disfrute (U= 1441.5; p<.05), social (U= 1917.5; p<.05), fitness/salud (U= 2533; p<.05) y competencia (U= 1622.5; p<.05). Con estos datos se puede concluir que los motivos para participar en la actividad física presentan una influencia en los estudiantes universitarios de diferente manera, ya que los más valorados por los participantesson los que tienen una asociación intrínseca y más autodeterminada haciala propia práctica deportiva.
Solidão e isolamento nos idosos em Portugal: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Garcia Jorge Anes Eugénia Maria , Ferreira Ana , Veiga Caroline , Lopes Inês , Cordeiro Viviane , Morais Brás Manuel Alberto
Published: August 2021

Portugal é um dos países europeus mais envelhecidos. A solidão e o isolamento nos idosos podem desencadear enorme sofrimento, com grande impacto na sua vida e na sua saúde. Este trabalho, pretende descrever e analisar a solidão e o isolamento em idosos em Portugal, identificando os determinantes e as estratégias adotadas no combate à solidão. É uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Os termos de pesquisa utilizados foram “solidão”,“isolamento” e “idoso”, nas bases de dados científicos RCAAP e Scielo, com intervalo temporal 2010-2018. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e avaliação da qualidade dos artigos, resultaram 8 artigos. Maioritariamente utilizaram metodologias quantitativas, com amostragem não probabilística. Foram identificados em todos os estudos baixos níveis de solidão e isolamento. Os determinantes de solidão e isolamento identificados nesta revisão são a morte do conjugue (50%), seguido da perda ou enfraquecimento da relação com os filhos (37,5%), o ser mulher (37,5%), o viver só (37,5%), a incapacidade de desempenho das AVD (37,5%), o aumento da idade (25%) e a presença de doenças (25%) e as carências económicas (12,50%). Estão presentes a adoção de adoção de mecanismos ou estratégias de combate à solidão e isolamento, que evidenciam a procura de atividades de relação, de inclusão e por outro lado, uma certa acomodação ao viver só. Concluímos que os idosos portugueses estudados apresentam em geral níveis baixos de isolamento e solidão. Sendo os principais determinantes o sexo, a idade, a presença do conjugue, o viver só, as relações com os filhos, a autonomia no desempenho das AVD, as comorbilidades e as carências económicas. Como estratégias de combate ou controlo da solidão surge a procura de atividades de relação, de inclusão e a adaptação ou acomodação ao viver só. O conhecimento desta realidade é de crucial importância ao nível da tomada de decisão.
Efeitos da massagem perineal durante o trabalho de parto
Authors: Fernandes Lopes Mariana , De Carvalho Coutinho Emília , Santos Maria José , Ferreira Manuela , Dias Hélia
Published: August 2021

Durante o trabalho de parto o traumatismo do períneo é frequente. A massagem perineal é considerada uma técnica que promove a integridade do períneo. Como objetivo pretende-se identificar os efeitos da massagem perineal durante o trabalho de parto. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com pesquisa a 18 de janeiro de 2021. Foram considerados artigos de estudos primários e revisões sistemáticas da literatura, publicados em Português, Inglês e Espanhol, disponíveis nas bases B-ON, PubMed e CINAHL, em texto integral e de livre acesso, no ano de 2016 a 2020. A questão de pesquisa “Quais os efeitos da massagem perineal durante o trabalho de parto?” teve por base o método de PI[C]OD. Aquando a pesquisa nas bases de dados com a expressão -“(injury) AND (massage) AND (perineum) AND (labor) obteve-se 53 artigos na Pubmed; já com a expressão – “( perineal trauma OR perineal injury OR perineal tear OR perineal laceration ) AND massage AND ( labor OR delivery ) obteve-se 278 artigos na B-on e 41 na Cinahl, ficando no total com 372 artigos. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão do tempo, língua e livre acesso ficaram 110 artigos. De seguida, considerou-se a repetição dos artigos ficando com 85 artigos. Após leitura do título e resumo foram selecionados 11 artigos. Foram assim encontrados 6 artigos agrupados em função do método de pesquisa. Dos resultados encontrados verificou-se que existem benefícios na utilização da massagem perineal durante o trabalho de parto. Conclui-se que a realização de massagem perineal durante o trabalho de parto reduz o número de lacerações no períneo, a necessidade de episiotomia, a duração do trabalho de parto, bem como, a dor após o parto. No entanto, é necessário realizar mais estudos.
Correlación entre comprensión lectora e imágenes internas en niños de escolaridad primaria
Authors: Molina del Río Jahaziel , Vargas Rivera Erica Lizeth , González Becerra Víctor Hugo , Villegas Ramírez Anaid Amira
Published: August 2021

La comprensión lectora requiere la participación conjunta de diferentes procesos cognitivos, entre ellos la representación mental del texto, lo cual puede vincularse a las propiedades verbales y no verbales del mismo. Entre las no verbales figuran las representaciones mediante imágenes que realizamos mentalmente, conocidas como imaginería. Se ha evidenciado que esta capacidad está relacionada con las habilidades de dibujo. Esta investigación pretende caracterizar la relación entre la comprensión lectora y las imágenes internas en niños de escolaridad primaria. Se evaluó el nivel de comprensión lectora así como la formación de imaginería en 21 niños de 4° grado de primaria, encontrando una correlación positiva moderada (r=.599) entre la comprensión lectora global y la producción del dibujo de una figura humana, de igual forma entre la producción del dibujo y la comprensión de textos discontinuos (r=.639), así como con la representación con base en el texto (r=.639). Podemos concluir que existe una correlación positiva entre la comprensión lectora y las imágenes internas evaluadas a través del dibujo en niños de escolaridad primaria.
Análisis de la bondad de múltiples indicadores para el diagnóstico de la adicción al cibersexo
Authors: Castro-Calvo Jesús , García-Barba Marta , Cervigón-Carrasco Verónica , Ballester-Arnal Rafael
Published: August 2021

El uso de Internet con propósitos sexuales (p.e., visionado de pornografía o contacto sexual mediante chat o cámara web) resulta una práctica cada vez más generalizada. Si bien en la mayoría de los casos se realiza de forma recreativa, en algunas ocasiones puede sobrevenir compulsivo, incontrolado y asociado a deterioro funcional en varios ámbitos (adicción al cibersexo). Las escalas de las que disponemos para su diagnóstico se han visto limitadas a la hora de identificar estos pacientes debido a que algunos indicadores diagnósticos han perdido especificidad: por ejemplo, el tiempo online con fines sexuales parece no discriminar usuarios problemáticos debido al uso cada vez más intensivo de cibersexo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la bondad de diferentes indicadores diagnósticos a la hora de identificar perfiles de consumo adictivo mediante análisis clúster. A tal fin, 1000 hombres (18-35 años) completaron una batería de cuestionarios que evaluaba múltiples indicadores de consumo. El análisis clúster reveló la existencia de 2 perfiles: usuarios recreativos (51.8%) y posiblemente problemáticos (48.2%). Ambos perfiles únicamente diferían entre sí en cuanto a percepción de consumo problemático, niveles globales de hipersexualidad, puntuación en una escala de adicción al cibersexo y percepción de interferencia (ordenados en función de su relevancia diagnóstica). El hecho de que únicamente emerjan dos perfiles de consumo que además difieren poco entre ellos sugiere que cada vez es más difícil distinguir el consumo problemático del recreativo. Este trabajo se ha realizado gracias a dos proyectos de investigación financiados por la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (P1.1B2012-49 y P1.1B2015-82).
Efecto del juego vs. el role-playing en la implicación de los participantes del Programa SALUDIVERSEX
Authors: Gil-Llario María Dolores , Estruch-García Verónica , Fernández-García Olga
Published: August 2021

El programa de educación afectivo sexual SALUDIVERSEX para personas con diversidad funcional intelectual (DFI) sienta sus bases sobre la importancia de la implicación activa de los participantes en las sesiones dirigidas a favorecer el aprendizaje de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes saludables. Por ello, en las sesiones dedicadas a transmitir conocimientos sobre sexo/sexualidad, higiene sexual, prácticas sexuales y sexo seguro, así como, en las que se trabajan actitudes hacia la diversidad sexual y las relaciones de pareja se prioriza más el juego. Por otra parte, en las sesiones dedicadas a trabajar habilidades interpersonales se emplea fundamentalmente el role playing. El objetivo del presente trabajo es observar el grado de implicación de 29 usuarios/as (el 55% son hombres y el 45% son mujeres) que participaron en el programa SALUDIVERSEX en función del tipo de metodología empleada en las diferentes sesiones. La edad de los participantes está entre los 25 y 65 años (x̄: 39,775; D.T.: 9,03). El grado de implicación fue valorado por los/as profesionales en una escala de 0 a 2. Los resultados sugieren que ambas metodologías son útiles observando una alta implicación tanto en las sesiones de habilidades (1,224) como en las de actitudes (1,216). Los peores resultados hallados en cuanto a implicación en las sesiones de conocimientos (0,995) podría deberse a que las temáticas trabajadas abordan diferentes aspectos de la sexualidad de forma más explícita, lo que contribuye a que se muestren más retraídos al no estar habituados a comentar aspectos relacionados con la sexualidad en público. Estos hallazgos nos llevan a concluir que, es necesario que los/las profesionales formados/as durante el programa apliquen lo aprendido, integrando la educación sexual como una actividad más en sus respectivos centros ocupacionales a fin de normalizar la sexualidad en este colectivo.
Enumeration and Propagation of Bacteriophage MS-2 v1
Authors: abkar leili
Published: August 2021

This Protocol guides through setp-by-step enumeration and propagation of MS-2 bacteriophage. It is prepared and adjusted for Escherichia coli(ATCC 15597) strain C-3000andMS-2 phage (ATCC-15597-B1).
Genomic Signature Pattern Analysis of the HIV-1 Through Computational Approach v1
Authors: Kumar Barik Sushanta
Published: August 2021

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Coffee Protocol v1
Authors: Borghi John
Published: August 2021

This protocol is intended as a demonstration of what I like to call the Coffee Cup Rule - Document more than you think is necessary and with greater specificity that you think is necessary. The name is derived from the fact that the cup measures on drip coffee machines refer to "cups of coffee" a unit of measure that is between 4 and 6 fluid ounces rather than a "cup", which is 8 fluid ounces in the United States. Because of this, it is important to be very specific when describing the amounts needed to make a pot of coffee. The directions here will make a good enough cup of coffee, but a truly replicable protocol would require even more specificity about the roast of the coffee, the grind of the coffee, the temperature of the water, the make and model of the drip coffee machine, etc. The amounts and directions would also be different if using other methods for brewing coffee. If you're using a French Press, you'd probably want a slightly different coffee-to-water ratio than what's described here.
Tactics of chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx with index of metastatic regional lymph nodes stage N3
Authors: Alieva S. B. , Zaderenko I. A. , Borisova T. N. , Kaledin R. R. , Sekretnaya A. O. , Khromushina A. V.
Published: August 2021

During 1996–2015 years, 53 patients with stage locally-advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx with stage N3 were treated in N. N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology. Depending on the treatment method, patients were divided into 2 groups: concurrent (n = 26) and induction (n = 27) chemoradiotherapy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (option 1) was given using: cisplatin 100 mg/m2 – every 3 weeks, or carboplatin 1.5 AUC weekly, or cisplatin 100 mg/m2 with 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2 every 24 hours, in continuous infusion for 96 hours (PF). Induction chemotherapy (option 2) was performed in 2 modes: TPF (docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) or PF (cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil). Radiation therapy was performed on a linear accelerator for 2 Gy daily up to SD 68–70 Gy for the primary tumor and 66 Gy for the affected lymph nodes. According to the results of our retrospective study, the 3 year overall and relapse-free survival rate depending on the chemoradiotherapy option was 37 and 32 % (option 1), 62 and 56 % (option 2). A promising option for chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx is induction chemoradiotherapy.
Design and Optimization of Directive Circular Patch Antenna with Asymmetric Pixels Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: DOĞUSAN Sinan
Published: August 2021

In this study, a low-profile, high directive circular microstrip antenna was designed for 5.8 GHz ISM band applications. In the design, the GA / MoM approach based on the Method of Moments (MoM) integrated with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method was used. The simulations of the best first and second antennas obtained as a result of the optimization process were made using the ANSYS HFSS software program. According to the simulation results, it was determined that the return loss of both antennas was below 10 dB in the ISM band where the antenna was operating and had maximum directivity. It was observed that the radiation characteristics of both antennas obtained with the GA / MoM approach were steady-state in the operating band. It was concluded that asymmetric pixelation used in this method can be used in the design of antennas with different geometries.
The level of markers of apoptosis and cell proliferation in the area of restenosis after lower extremity arterial reconstruction
Authors: Kalinin R E , Suchkov I A , Klimentova E A , Shchulkin A V , Gerasimov A A , Povarov V O
Published: August 2021

Aim. To assess the number of markers of apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as their relationships in the area of restenosis of arterial reconstructions.

Methods. The study included 14 patients with a diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities. Post-thrombotic occlusion of femoropopliteal bypass. All patients were males with stage III disease according to the Fontaine classification modified by A.V. Pokrovsky. The average age of the patients was 653.4 years. The mean disease duration was 92.5 months after the initial intervention. Intraoperative material distal anastomosis of femoropopliteal bypass was taken from patients during arterial reconstructions. As a control, we used arterial wall samples obtained at organ procurement from postmortem donors without arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities. The number of samples is 8. The site of their collection is the popliteal artery. After sampling, they were crushed, and a homogenate was prepared, followed by the determination of the amount of p53, PDGF BB, Bcl2, and Bax proteins using the enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software. Group differences were assessed by using the MannWhitney test. Correlation coefficients were determined using the Spearman test. Data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges.

Results. In tissue samples of restenosis, the amount of p53 protein was 0.07 units/mg and was significantly reduced compared with the control samples 0.14 units/mg (р=0,015). The amount of platelet-derived growth factor PDGF BB was 0.17 ng/mg (р=0.05), Bcl2 1.61 ng/mg (р=0.008), Bax 6.0 ng/mg (р=0.25) in the restenosis area and was increased in comparison with the control samples (0.04 ng/mg, 0.9 ng/mg, 4.4 ng/mg, respectively). A relationship between p53 and platelet-derived growth factor BB (r=0.724, p=0.002), platelet-derived growth factor BB and Bcl2 (r=0.672, p=0.003) was revealed in samples from restenosis tissue obtained during arterial reconstructions.

Conclusion. The decreased apoptosis, expressed in a low level of p53 protein, with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio is associated with an increase in the proliferative response of vascular wall cells in the area of restenosis of arterial reconstruction.
Surgical component of lateral and central breast cancer treatment
Authors: Abdurakhmanova Z M , Ramazanov M R , Sigal E I
Published: August 2021

Aim. To improve the results of the surgical component in the treatment of a nodular form of breast cancer with lateral and central localization by analyzing hemoglobin oxygen saturation of arterial blood in the foci of breast cancer, regional lymph nodes and resection line of the breast.

Methods. The study involved 175 patients with a nodular form of breast cancer with lateral and central localization (T23N12M0), including 86 in the main group and 89 in the comparison group. In the main group, hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood of the foci of breast cancer, parenchyma, pectoral muscles and regional lymph nodes was examined for spread of cancer during surgery for nodular breast cancer by using a device developed by us (patent RU 2581266). This examination was not performed in the comparison group. Histopathological examination of resection specimens revealed confirmation of the main foci of breast cancer and the presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes and pectoral muscles of the breast. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the Statistica 10 software. The arithmetic mean, the standard error of the mean and the standard deviation were calculated for the quantitative indicators.

Results. In the main group, 86 patients had no recurrence and metastases in the follow-up, while in the comparison group, cancer recurrence was identified in 89 patients and metastases was found during cytological and histological studies in 9 patients.

Conclusion. Determination of hemoglobin oxygen saturation of arterial blood during surgery in the subclavian, axillary and subscapular lymph nodes as well as in the pectoralis major and minor muscles allows clarifying the distribution of breast cancer, specifying the scope of the operation and improving the results of the surgical component of breast cancer treatment (T23N12M0).
The role of systemic inflammation in heart failure
Authors: Khazova E V , Bulashova O V
Published: August 2021

The discussion continues about the role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases of ischemic etiology. This article reviews the information on the role of C-reactive protein in patients with atherosclerosis and heart failure in risk stratification for adverse cardiovascular events, including assessment of factors affecting the basal level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Research data (MRFIT, MONICA) have demonstrated a relationship between an increased level of C-reactive protein and the development of coronary heart disease. An increase in the serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein is observed in arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, which indicates the involvement of systemic inflammation in these disorders. Currently, the assessment of highly sensitive C-reactive protein is used to determine the risk of developing myocardial infarction and stroke. It has been proven that heart failure patients have a high level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein compared with patients without heart failure. The level of C-reactive protein is referred to as modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of ischemic origin, since lifestyle changes or taking drugs such as statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, etc. reduce the level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein. In patients with heart failure with different left ventricular ejection fraction values, it was found that the regression of the inflammatory response is accompanied by an improvement in prognosis, which confirms the hypothesis of inflammation as a response to stress, which has negative consequences for the cardiovascular system.
The role of risk factors in the development of speech and language disorders in preschool children
Authors: Volgina S Ya , Ahmetova A R , Shaidukova L K , Zhurkova N V , Kulakova G A
Published: August 2021

The article provides an overview of modern literature on the risk factors for the development of speech and language, which can be taken into account by pediatricians when forming a high-risk group of the corresponding contingent of preschool children. The leading risk factor for the development of speech/language disorders in children is childhood developmental brain disorders that arose in the prenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period of a child's life, which is often found in children with cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and after head injuries. The occurrence of disorders is greatly influenced by anatomical defects in the speech apparatus, requiring timely surgical correction, and hearing loss. Impairment or absence of speech/language in children is common causes for visiting a psychiatrist, which is observed in autistic spectrum disorders (including autism), elective mutism, mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Many genetic factors which are often found in patients with other hereditary diseases (chromosome disorders, monogenic hereditary diseases, inherited metabolic diseases, genetic speech disorders) play a special role in the development of speech/language and are associated with developmental disorders, intellectual disability and behavioral deviations. Finally, social factors such as socioeconomic status and social structure of the family, family conflict, pedagogical neglect, child abuse and prolonged use of modern digital devices throughout the day contribute to speech/language development disorders in preschool children. Analysis of the causes of speech/language pathology is of great practical importance for improving the management strategy aimed at preventing the manifestation of the disorders in children.
Clinical and economic analysis of dental caries prevention using fluorine-containing sealants
Authors: Shaymieva N I , Khasanov R Sh , Olesova V N
Published: August 2021

Aim. To conduct a clinical and economic analysis of the effectiveness of the program fissure sealing of first permanent molars with fluorine-containing sealants among schoolchildren of 78 years old in six cities of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Methods. Between 2007 and 2011, dentists of six cities of the Republic of Tatarstan performed fissure sealing of permanent first molars using a fluorine-containing sealant in 24,394 schoolchildren aged 78 years according to the manufacturer's instruction. A clinical assessment of fluorine-containing sealant retention during tooth eruption was carried out annually, the results were submitted to the organizational and methodological office of the Republican Dental Clinic. The analysis of the complex of signs that have a normal distribution and characterize four degrees of sealant retention on the occlusal surfaces of teeth in children from several cities was carried out by using one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with the calculation of a p-value and F-test (according to Ronald Fischer). Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Office Excel 2017 software. The economic analysis was performed by using mathematical modelling.

Results. The use of sealants at the age of 78 years ensured the complete safety of the sealant in 80% of children; the development of dental caries in 1.7%; complete and partial loss 14.3%; disturbance of fit without the development of caries in 4.1% of cases [р=0.0095 (0.01); f-test 3.09839]. Clinical and economic analysis using a mathematical hypothesis in sealing with a fluorine-containing composite sealant determined the preservation of the conditionally spent funds for the treatment of 80% of healthy teeth for 4 years of the project in the amount of 6,001,177 rubles. Notional saved costs for the treatment of one tooth with a sealant amounted to 23.7 rubles.

Conclusion. Implementation of the program fissure sealing of first permanent molars with fluorine-containing sealants among schoolchildren of 78 years old allows a total of 98.3% of healthy teeth to be preserved and notionally saved costs of sealing fissures to be reduced.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of methods of transurethral electroresection of bladder cancer
Authors: Zubkov A Y , Nuriev I R , Sitdykova M E
Published: August 2021

Aim. To evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer by using transurethral resection alone, transurethral resection combined with electrovaporization and transurethral resection with preliminary tumor fulguration.

Methods. The analysis of the treatment outcomes of 81 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (TaT1N0M0) in the urological clinic of Kazan State Medical University between the period 2000 and 2016 was carried out. The mean age was 6310.8 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group included 28 patients who underwent transurethral resection as monotherapy, the second group 26 patients underwent transurethral resection combined with electrovaporization, and the third group 27 patients underwent transurethral resection with preliminary tumor fulguration.

Results. In the group of patients who underwent transurethral resection only, recurrences outside the resection zone occurred in 8 (28.57%) patients, recurrences in the resection zone were detected in 6 (21.43%) patients, and tumor progression was diagnosed in 3 (10.71%) patients. In the group of patients who underwent transurethral resection combined with vaporization, recurrences outside the resection zone were diagnosed in 6 (23.08%) patients, recurrences in the resection zone were detected in 4 (15.38%) cases, and tumor progression was detected in 2 (7.69%) patients. In the group of patients who underwent transurethral resection with preliminary tumor fulguration, recurrences outside the resection zone were diagnosed in 4 (14.81%) patients, in the resection zone in 6 (22.22%) patients, tumor progression in 2 (7.41%) cases.

Conclusion. Transurethral resection alone is not a radical treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; transurethral resection combined with vaporization slightly increases the radicality of treatment; transurethral resection with preliminary fulguration reduces the recurrence rate, ensuring the prevention of implant recurrence.
Formation of hygiene and institutionalization of its teaching as an independent discipline of ­higher medical school in Russia
Authors: Shulaev A V , Ivanov A Yu , Ivanova R G , Shikaleva A A
Published: August 2021

The introduction of the new University Charter and the era of large-scale reforms in the middle of the XIX century, the emergence of experimental methods of research, and at the same time, the remaining urgent issues of the spread of epidemic diseases made the opening of departments of hygiene acutely necessary. The process of formation and subsequent institutionalization of hygiene teaching as a discipline has not previously been comprehensively covered by researchers in Russian historiography. The possibility of identifying a number of unresolved systemically important tasks allowing to synthesize the main directions of the scientific study of the process of hygiene development in the historical and medical knowledge from an institutional perspective was realized in this article. The history of the organization of hygiene departments in Russia is the subject of many studies. And the publications of general historical medical monographs and textbooks often contain contradictory information that does not reflect some important details and peculiarities of the formation of the traditions of teaching this discipline, which were established in the second half of the XIX century. The result of the study was clarification of data on medical workers who became the first hygiene educators in Russia. It was determined that the regular teaching of hygiene as a separate discipline began in the second semester of the 18641865 academic year at the medical faculty of the Imperial Kazan University. The first teacher of hygiene in Russia was Professor of Kazan University Arkady Ivanovich Yakobii. It was also clarified that regular hygiene teaching at the Saint Petersburg Imperial Medico-Surgical Academy was established in November 1865. Ivan Maksimovich Sorokin was the first hygiene teacher at the Academy and the first head of the hygiene department. Alexey Petrovich Dobroslavin, who was previously considered the first head of the hygiene department, actually became the second head of the corresponding department, starting teaching only in 1872.
Laparoskopik cerrahide izoperistaltik intra-korporeal çift lineer stapler anastomoz: Erken oral beslenme; hızlı, kolay ve güvenilir teknik
Authors: PİŞKİN Erol , ÖTER Volkan , ÇOLAKOĞLU Muhammet , ÖZGÜN Yiğit , AYDIN Osman , BOSTANCI Erdal
Published: August 2021

Giriş ve amaç: Gastrointestinal sistem kanser cerrahisinde minimal invaziv cerrahi; kısa dönem derlenme ve daha iyi fonksiyonel sonuçlarla birlikte, mide ve kolon kanseri cerrahisinde uzun dönem onkolojik sonuçlardan ödün vermeden uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amacımız laparoskopik radikal distal intrakorporeal Billroth II ve laparoskopik sağ-sol hemikolektomi sonrasında izoperistaltik ileokolik ve izoperistaltik kolokolik çift lineer stapler tekniği ile anastomoz yaptığımız hastaları incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Aralık 2019- Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde çift lineer stapler tekniği ile anastomoz yaptığımız 13 hasta dahil edildi. Tüm prosedürler total laparoskopik olarak gerçekleşti ve anastomozlar intrakorporeal olarak stapler yardımı ile tamamlandı. Bulgular: Tariflenen anastomozu uyguladığımız 13 hastanın mean yaş değeri 51.31 ± 16.84 idi. Hastaların 10’u (%76.9) erkek ve 3’ü (%23.1) kadın idi. Anastomozun median yapılış süresi 12.38 ± 3.09 dakika idi. Median ameliyat süresi 13 dakika (minimum-maksimum), (8-19 dakika) idi. Anastomoz esnasında ameliyat sonrası takiplerde 12 (%92.3) hastada herhangi bir komplikasyon gelişmez iken 1 (7.7.%) hastada anastomoz hattında kanama gözlendi. Kanama medikal takip ile tedavi edildi. Hiçbir hastaya relaparotomi gerekmedi. Sonuç: Laparoskopi sonrasında rekonstrüksiyon aşamasında bu stapler ile anastomoz tekniğinin hızlı ve kolay olarak uygulanabilir bir yöntem olduğu; anastomoz kaçağı açısından da güvenle uygulanabileceği görüşündeyiz.
Role of India in Rohingya Crisis: Humanitarian Role and Geopolitical Interest
Authors: Ferdous Farzana Al
Published: August 2021

Globally considered one of the most persecuted minority groups, the Rohingyas are a predominantly Muslim ethnic group in northern Rakhine who have fled Myanmar in a large-scale exodus since August 2017. More than 700,000 refugees fled to Bangladesh after a military crackdown on Rohingyas last August, following the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army’s attack on Myanmar’s military posts. This massive refugee outflow of Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar into Bangladesh has created a humanitarian crisis that carries implications on regional stability and security and also outrage among the international community. As a neighbor country, Bangladesh expects India’s respond promptly to support the government. This paper briefly examines India’s approach towards the Roh-ingya crisis and explores ways for India through its role in humanitarian and geopolitical including diplomatic, domestic political compulsions, security and economic interest. It also analyses India’s response to the Rohingya crisis focusing on India-Myanmar relations and also India’s need to counter China’s growing influence in its neighborhood. The paper also argues that as a neighbor friend and partner of Bangladesh, the role of India in Rohingya crisis has become a global expectation for peace and conflict resolution.
Drug used pattern by self-medication among the RT-PCR positive health workers in Dhaka city
Authors: Sharmin Elora , Begum Sharmin , Afreen Swarmita , Islam Diana , Ahmed Sheikh Foyez
Published: August 2021

Background: To date there is no effective treatment against COVID-19. Self-medication played one of the major modes of treatment among general population as well as the health workers during this pandemic. Studying the pattern of self-medication among the health care workers (HCWs) may indicate their knowledge and skills towards rational use of medicines. The aim of the study was to assess the pattern self-medication among the COVID-19 affected HCWs.Methods: This cross-sectional survey assessed the pattern of drug used by self-medication among the health workers who were RT-PCR positive in context to Bangladesh.Results: A total of 267 HCWs data were collected. Most of the HCWs were in middle age group between 31-40 years with the mean age of 32.2±5.2. Doctors (83.9%) enrolled five times more than the nurses (16.1%). Most of the HCWs (60.3%) commenced medications just after appearance of symptoms and 27.0% went for the RT-PCR testing. Only 3.7% went to health care facilities for treatment. More than sixty percent of the respondents took medication by themselves just after start the symptoms, 19 (33.7%) took advised from the specialists and attended at health facilities 2.6%. Most of the patients (42.7%) used azithromycin as antimicrobial agent. Paracetamol was the most used drug among the participants (78.65%) followed by antihistamines (67.79%). Average number of drugs used by patients 3.1% and percentage of antibiotics per patients 42.6%.Conclusions: The prescribing practice of antibiotics shows deviation from the standard recommendation. Awareness regarding essentials drug list should be needed.
Mortality in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Velásquez-Hernández Karen Fabiola , Peralta-Pedrero Maria Luisa , Velásquez-Hernández Miriam De Jesús , Valderrama-Treviño Alan Isaac , Morales-Sánchez Martha Alejandra
Published: August 2021

We had found contradictory results that have been reported in recent publications regarding the mortality risk of patients with psoriasis (Pso) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). These patients have aggregated risk behaviors, which directly impacted their morbidity/mortality. We included 15 studies, with a total population of that reported mortality risk in Pso and PsA patients. We calculated crude mortality rate (CMR) of each one and pooled CMR by group and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The pooled CMR for Pso was 14/1000 (95% CI: 6-21%), 12/1000 (95% CI: 10-15%) in mild, 19/1000 (95% CI: 15-23%) in severe and 12/1000 was observed (95% CI: 10-14%) in PsA. Mortality was relatively higher in PsA patients when compared with Pso, with a RR of 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p<0.01). Pso was associated with increased mortality when compared to the general population. Mild Pso and PsA have the same increased mortality, then again as the severity of Pso increased, so does its mortality. The final comparative mortality between patients with PsA and those with Pso was around 3%.
Safe laparoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic by SARS-CoV-2: bio innovation of the closed-circuit system
Authors: Govindaraj Shrenik , Prakash Clement , Govindaraj Sridar
Published: August 2021

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during laparoscopy while using energy devices through the carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum is a big concern in operation theatre. So, we had to alter the way we vent carbon dioxide through a closed-circuit system (CCS) to avoid contamination.Methods: We did a prospective study in the safety of the CCS during elective laparoscopic surgeries. We had recruited 184 patients from a single unit in three quarters. The first quarter had 52 patients where the SARS-CoV-2 status was unknown as rapid antigen test (RAT) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) was not done as per government guidelines. So, we presumed all patients to be potential carriers. Later in the 2nd and 3rd quarter we had recruited 132 patients; all were tested by RAT/RT-PCR and positive patients were excluded from our study. Postoperatively we observed for COVID-19 symptoms in our health care workers (HCW) and confirmed by RT-PCR.Results: Of the total 184 laparoscopic surgeries performed during this period, only 2 (1.09%) patients developed COVID-19 symptoms and this was in the 1st quarter when routine testing by RT-PCR was not done. None (100%) of our HCW developed symptoms of COVID-19.Conclusions: Closed circuit system is an innovative and safe technique during laparoscopy. We strongly recommend RT-PCR for COVID-19 before elective surgery.
Use of the cone-beam computed tomography-endodontic radiolucency index for determination of lesion extension in periapical periodontitis
Authors: Shafshak Sanaa , Alsubaie Faiz , Alzamil Faisal , Alzughaibi Linah , Alhaqbani Meshal , Yamany Rama Al , Basalem Saeed
Published: August 2021

Background: Periapical periodontitis is caused by extension of necrotic pulp tissue into the periodontal ligament area. cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) facilitates better diagnosis for periapical periodontitis, especially in the absence of clinical symptoms. This study aims to use cone-beam computed tomography-endodontic radiolucency index (CBCT-ERI) to determine the extension of periapical periodontitis in post-graduate clinics of Riyadh Elm university (REU) and to record the extension of periapical periodontitis in the coronal direction along the root surface and evaluate the degree of cortical bone involvement associated with periapical radiolucency.Methods: CBCT images for patients treated at the endodontic clinics of REU were selected for this retrospective observational study. Images were examined after inter-examiner calibrations under the same magnification, slice thickness, and resolution and the measurements were analyzed statistically.Results: The first permanent molars were the most frequently affected by periapical periodontitis, followed by the second molars. The majority of lesions were graded with a score of 6 in length and width according to CBCT-ERI.Conclusions: The use of CBCT-ERI revealed extensive involvement of periodontal tissues around the apices of the roots of the examined teeth. Coronal extension of periapical periodontitis was observed along the root surface. The axial view accurately detected cortical bone involvement, including thinning of the cortical bone, which was the most common manifestation (11.76%). Apical radiolucency was observed most commonly in the first molars.
Will COVID vaccine be a game changer in current pandemic situation?
Authors: Gupta Bhavna , Gupta Anish
Published: August 2021

Most daunting threat for humankind is the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Various vaccine production platforms are available, each with distinct advantages and obstacles. Pharmaceutical formulation science plays a critical role in the race for a safe, effective coronav virus disease vaccine (COVID)-19. The target population of vaccinees includes high-risk individuals over the age of 60, those with chronic co-morbid conditions, frontline healthcare workers, and those involved in critical industries. Once a safe and reliable vaccine policy becomes available, pre-pandemic normalcy will never return. As COVID-19 continues to wreak havoc on people's health and livelihoods around the world, the prospect of an effective vaccine may appear to be a silver bullet. Despite this, a number of challenges remain, each of which necessitates careful and ongoing debate to ensure that vaccination strategies are safe, appropriate, and realistic. So the best way forward is simply to register oneself on Aarogya Setu and get vaccinated as soon as possible, regardless of Covishield or Covaxin.
Dual pigtail intervention in acute necrotising pancreatitis
Authors: Rai Santosh , Vijayasekaran V. , Gadwal Aishwarya N , Acharya Abhijith
Published: August 2021

Acute pancreatitis has multiple aetiologies. Acute pancreatitis is divided into interstitial oedematous pancreatitis or necrotizing pancre­atitis based on morphology. According to the revised Atlanta classification necrotizing pancreatitis is further sub­divided into acute necrotic collec­tion if the disease develops within 4 weeks or walled-off necrosis if the disease develops after 4 weeks.

We report a case of 40years male, with acute pancreatitis for 1 month, presenting with decreased appetite, loss of weight, and tremors of extremities. CT featured active necrotizing pancreatitis with peripancreatic necrosis, collections, and superadded infection which was drained by percutaneous pigtail catheter.

Percutaneous pigtail insertion controls the symptoms and this procedure is effective in the management of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. It serves as definitive or intermediate therapy to surgical necrosectomy in patients who are unfit for surgery. Percutaneous pigtail insertion can be done following a peritoneal or retroperitoneal approach, both approaches have different advantages and it is the choice of the radiologist and the location of the residual collections. The disadvantages are duct leak and it needs multiple check CT’s but in well trained and experienced hands the disadvantages are minimized. 

Percutaneous pigtail insertion is an alternative approach in the management of necrotizing pancreatitis when the patient is seriously ill or unfit for surgery. It can prevent life-threatening complications and it can be considered as a primary modality in treating a patient with walled-off necrosis.

Percutaneous pigtail insertion an alternative approach in the management of necrotizing pancreatitis when the patient is seriously ill or unfit for surgery can be considered as the primary modality of choice in treating patients with walled-off necrosis of the pancreas.