bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notizen: Methylierung von Transfer RNA pflanzlicher Zellen / Methylation of Transfer RNA in Plant Cells
Authors: Kern Hartmut
Published: August 2018

The possibility of using 2-methyladenine, previously reported as a specific component of prokaryotic tRNA, as a marker for the presence of bacterial informations in plant tumour cells was investigated. Normal and transformed, bacteria-free, tobacco cells exhibited slightly different me­ thylation patterns in their tRNA . However, 2-methyladenine was present in both normal and transformed cells. This makes it impossible to detect the occurrence of tRNA from tumour-inciting bacteria in crown-gall cells on the basis of methylation patterns.
Notizen: Estimation by Reassociation Assay of Viral DNA Copies in Three Polyom a Virus Transformed Cell Lines
Authors: Reinke Claudia , Brandner Gerhard
Published: August 2018

The number of polyomavirus genome equivalents in three transformed hamster cell lines were shown by DNA reassociation assay to be 1.3, 1.9 and 2.5 per cell.
Notizen: Failure of Inhibition of Polyom a Virus Replication by Distamycin A
Authors: Brandner Gerhard , Koch Erika
Published: August 2018

Distamycin A caused no significant inhibition of polyoma-virus growth or capsid and m RNA formation in embryonic mouse cells.
Notizen: Der Einfluß der Stichprobengröße auf das Ergebnis einer Varianzanalyse bei gestreckten und gestauchten Mutanten von Pisum sativum / The Influence of the Sample Size upon the Result of an Analysis of Variance in Long-Stemmed and Short-Stemmed Mutants of Pisum sativum
Authors: Weber Ernst
Published: August 2018

The length of the epidermal cells at the 10th intemode was studied by means of the analysis of variance in the normal type and 6 of each long-stemmed and short-stemmed mutants of Pisum sativum. The effect of samples of four different sizes on the result of the analysis of variance was investigated. It was found that, based on 78 comparisons of 13 means each, an increase of the sample size from ti= 25 to n = 100 increases the significant differences from 53 to 64.
Über den biologischen Einfluß von N-Methyl-N-β-chloräthylhydrazin und seinem Benzaldehydhydrazon auf Hefezellen ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) / Effect of N-Methyl-N-β-chloroethyl-hydrazine-HCl on the Growth and Multiplication of Yeast Cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Authors: Braun R. , Lange H.
Published: August 2018

N-Methyl-N-β-chloroethyl-hydrazine-HCl and its benzaldehydhydrazone inhibit growth and multi­plication of yeast cells. The DNA-synthesis is partially blocked. After removal of the substances the rate of this synthesis is much more increased than that of RNA and protein. The both sub­ stances we tested are more effective than simple alkylhydrazines.
Thallium-III-trifluoracetat-katalysierte Abbaureaktion von 5.7.3′.4′-Tetrahydroxyflavanon zu 5.7-Dihydroxychromon und 1.2.4-Trihydroxybenzol / Thallium -III-trifluoracetate Catalyzed Degradation of 5,7,3′,4′-Tetrahydroxyflavanone to 5,7-Dihydroxychromone and 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene
Authors: Stocker Martha , Janistyn Boris
Published: August 2018

Two reaction products of thallium-III-trifluoracetate catalyzed degradation of 5,7,3′,4′-tetra-hydroxyflavanone could be isolated and identified as 5,7-dihydroxychromone and 1,2,4-trihydroxy-benzene.
Synthese einer Partialsequenz aus dem aktiven Zentrum der Streptokokken-Proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10), IX / Synthesis of a Fragment of the Active Center of the Streptococcal Proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10), IX
Authors: Raschig Andreas , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of the protected pentapeptide tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Gln-Ile-Met-Lys (X) -Gly-p-nitrobenzylester (X = benzyloxycarbonyl, 3-chlor-benzyloxycarbonyl) which is part of the carboxylend of a partial sequence of the active center of the streptococcal proteinase is described. Side reactions are observed if the tert-butyloxycarbonyl-protective group is cleaved by trifluoroacetic acid, not with HCl/dioxane. Obviously the presence of methionine is responsible for the formation of by products. Formation of methioninesulfoxide or tert-butylsulfoniummethionine could not be proved. tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Gln-1-hydroxybenzotriazolylester was obtained in a crystalline state from the reaction of ferf-butyloxycarbonyl-Gln, dicyclohexylcarbodiimid and 1-hydroxybenzotriazol.
On the Reconstitution of Photophosphorylation in CF1-Extracted Chloroplasts
Authors: Hesse H , Jank-Ladwig Rita , Strotmann H
Published: August 2018

1. A method for the reproducible preparation of CF1-depleted thylakoid membranes was established. By repeated washes with pyrophosphate solution and subsequent treatment with sucrose media, containing micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ or Mg2+, different degrees of CF1 depletion and uncoupling were adjusted.

2. The membranes were completely uncoupled when about 50% CF1 was removed. Re-coupling with isolated CF1 was maximal at this point. It decreased with progressive CF1 extraction.

3. The re-attached CF1 particles regained their ability of energy-dependent adenine nucleotide exchange, an essential reaction in photophosphorylation.

4. CF1-depleted membranes showed two main morphological alterations,

a. unstacknig of the grana, and

b. a perforation of the thylakoid membranes in those chloroplasts which showed a poor recoupling activity. Whereas CF1-depletion and unstacking were found to be reversible, the formation of holes was an irreversible effect.

5. The decreasing re-coupling activity was discussed in context to the irreversible perforation of the thylakoid membranes.
Chromoplasts in Rosa rugosa: Development and Chemical Characterization of Tubular Elements
Authors: Wuttke Hans-Gunter
Published: August 2018

1. Development and fine structure of the chromoplasts in hips of Rosa rugosa have been in­ vestigated by electron and polarizing microscopy.

2. The chromoplasts develop from chloroplasts. During disorganization of the thylakoid system characteristic strutures become visible: ‘oblique’ grana, U-shaped thylakoids, and occassionally ‘thylakoid teeth’ as well as thylakoid anastomoses. - In this early stage, tubules appear in the plastid matrix. They are sometimes connected with membranes, especially with thylakoids.

3. In ripe hips the chromoplasts are packed with tubules. These chromoplast tubules, which attain lengths of up to at least 1.5 μm, are non-ramified and lie parallel to each other. Their diameter is variable, with a mean of 18 nm. They are polygonal in cross-section with electron-dense walls and electron-transparent cores. Association of ellipsoidal osmiophilic globules with the tubules can often be seen. Irregularly swollen remnants of former thylakoids are found in connection with these tubules. In spindle-shaped chromoplasts, the tubules are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis. Positive birefringence and positive dichroism are observed.

4. The chemical composition of tubule fractions has been analyzed. The tubules contain appreciable amounts of carotenoids, phospho- and glycolipids, and proteins.

5. The origin and development of the tubules is discussed. It appears likely that reorganization of part of the thylakoid system and synthesis of carotenoids are involved in the formation of tubules.

6. The plastids in the yellow autumn leaves of Rosa rugosa contain globules but not tubules.
On the Protein Composition of Ribonucleoprotein Particles before and after Fertilization of Sea Urchin Eggs ( Echinus esculentus)
Authors: Liautard Jean-Pierre , Liautard Janny
Published: August 2018

Ribonucleoprotein Particles Experiments indicate that eggs and embryos of the North Sea sea urchin Echinus esculentus are excellent material to investigate the regulation of protein synthesis before and after fertilization. The dormant egg contains several proteins which are absent from embryos. Such additional proteins have been detected on the small ribosomal subunits, in the salt wash of whole ribosomes, and as­ sociated with cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein particles.
Sulfated Macromolecules in Early Embryos of Limnaea
Authors: Brahmachary R. L. , Ghosal D.
Published: August 2018

Molluscan Embryo, Sulfated Acid Mucopolysaccharide, Sulfated Protein An attempt has been made to partially characterize the substance responsible for the rhythmic incorporation of 35S (inorganic sulfate) in the course of the cell cycle in early Limnaea embryos. This trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble substance is partly pronase sensitive, and dissociable into two fractions after treatment with NaCl. One of these re­ mains TCA-insoluble while the other is TCA soluble but precipitable by cetyl pyridinium chloride. Thus, unlike in some other higher organisms, the major part of the inorganic sulfate is incorporated here into a fraction which is not a simple mucopolysaccharide, but is more likely to be a protein-mucopolysaccharide complex, rather like the chondro-mucoprotein of chick-embryo cartilage.
O-Methylierung von Adrenalin, 3.4-Dihydroxybenzoesäure und 6.7-Dihydroxycumarin in Sproßpilzen /O-Methylation of Epinephrine, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin in Yeasts
Authors: Müller-Enoch D , Thomas H , Streng W , Ildfeuer W , Haferkamp O
Published: August 2018

In the yeasts C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. stellatoidea but not in C. krusei, R. rubra, and S. cerevisiae enzyme activity was found by which - as by the catechol-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6) found in the liver - the O-methylation of epinephrine to metanephrine and paranephrine, of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, and of 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin to 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-coumarin is catalysed.

When the substrates 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, or 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin or epinephrine were incubated in the presence of S-adenosyl-ʟ-[methyl-14C] methionine and S-adenosylmethionine hydrogensulfate with a 100 000 X g supernatant of C. albicans, C. tropicalis or C. stellatoidea the cor­responding O-methylethers were detected in the extracts of the incubation medium by thin-layer chromatography.

Final identification of the isomeric radioactive O-methylethers obtained from 3,4-dihydroxy­ benzoic acid and 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin was performed after thin-layer chromatographic separation by the reversed isotope dilution technique.

The radioactive m-and p-O-methyl derivatives from epinephrine were separated by thin-layer chromatography and then cleaved with periodate to the corresponding aldehydes which were also identified mainly by the reversed isotope dilution technique.
Synthese und katalytische Eigenschaften hydrolytisch aktiver Peptide /Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Peptides with Hydrolytic Activity
Authors: Petz Dorothee , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

The synthesis by conventional methods of the peptides Z-Asp-Cys-NH2, Z-Asp-Gly-Cys-NH2 , Z-Glu-Gly-Cys-NH2, Z-His-Ala-Gly-Gly-Cys-NH2, Z-His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Cys-NH2 and Z-His-Ala-Asp- Gly-OCH3 is described. Cystin was used for SH-protection; reduction of the disulfides was performed by mercaptoethanol. The hydrolytic activity of these peptides with p-nitrophenylacetate as substrate was compared with the activity of a number of peptides described in the literature.
An Isocratic High-Pressure Liquid Chromatographie Purification Method for Radioactively Labeled Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates
Authors: Breter Hans-Joachim , Zahn Rudolf
Published: August 2018

A method is described for the rapid purification of radioactively labeled deoxyribonucleoside tri­phosphates from their spontaneously emerging hydrolysis products deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, and deoxyribonucleoside. The separations which are finished within 3 min or less are carried out on a 0.1X5 cm column filled with LiChrosorb-NH2 , using isocratic elution with 0.025 м potassium phosphate, pH 6 .8 , in a high-pressure liquid chromatograph at room temperature and a flow rate of 30 ml · h-1(flow velocity 63.7 cm·min-1).
Notizen: Chirality of the Hydrogen Transfer to NAD Catalyzed by myo-Inositol Dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Alizade Miguel A. , Brendel Klaus , Gaede Karl
Published: August 2018

The chirality of the hydrogen transfer to NAD catalyzed by myo-inositol dehydrogenase (myo-inositol: NAD 2-oxydoreductase, EC 1.1.1.18) from Klebsiella pneumoniae (formerly classified taxonomically as Aerobacter aerogenes or Kleb siella aerogenes) was investigated. | 4-3H | NAD was enzymatically reduced to | 4-3H | NADH with non-labeled myoinositol and myo-inositol dehydrogenase. The stereochemistry of the prochiral center at C4 of the NADH produced was determined. It was found that the label was exclusively located at the (4S) position of the produced NADH. Since the hydrogen transferred from non-labeled myo inositol to | 4-3H | NAD must have entered the opposite or (R) position, myo-inositol dehydrogenase from K. pneumoniae should be classified as an (R) or A-type enzyme with respect to the stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD.
Notizen: Unterschiedliche Desoxyribonuclease-Aktivitäten im Seminalplasma von Bullen/Different Deoxyribonuclease-Activities in Bull Seminal Plasma
Authors: Georgiew G. H. , Zöllner E , Zahn R. K.
Published: August 2018

By means of the in situ assay of deoxyribonucleases in DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels after separation by micro-disc-electrophoresis different deoxyribonucleases are detectable in bull seminal plasma. There are two groups of acid deoxyribonuclease-activities with a pH optimum at pH 5.0, one with a pH optimum at pH 7.4 and an additional one with a pH optimum at pH 8.5.
Formation of H-Addition Radicals in Adenine Derivatives: Part II
Authors: Zehner H. , Westhof E. , Flossmann W.
Published: August 2018

The formation of H-addition radicals in monocrystals of adenosine, adenosine ·HCl, adenine ·HCl· ½H2O, and adenine·2 HCl by X-irradiation has been studied by using electron spin resonance spectroscopy at 9.5 GHz and at 35 GHz. In all crystals, both H-addition radicals at position C2 and at position C8 were observed. The coupling constants of these two H-addition radicals are different and depend strongly on the protonation state of the adenine base. INDO calculations reproduce well the observed trends of the coupling constants. It is shown that the C2- addition radical is transformed into the C8-addition radical by heat and vice versa the C8-addition into the C2-addition by light of λ>360 nm.
The Active Center of Methemoglobin Hb (H20 ) Investigated by Mössbauer and Susceptibility Experiments
Authors: Thomanek U. F. , Parak F. , Wintergerst B.
Published: August 2018

A fast freezing technique using liquid propane was used to obtain frozen solutions of methemoglobin at pH 7. With this method it was possible to eliminate largely the presence of a low spin component which is usually found in slowly frozen solutions but not present in the sample at room temperature. The magnetic susceptibility and Mossbauer spectra of Hb(H2O) in the temperature range 4.2 K ≦ 7 ≦ 250 K have been measured. The data of the high spin compound of Hb (H2O) were evaluated with a Hamiltonian containing the Coulomb repulsion of the five 3d-electrons of the Fe3+ ion, a crystal electric field of C2v symmetry and the spin orbit coupling. The term describing the crystal electric field depends on five energy parameters ε1 , ε2, ε3, D, and E which are determined by least squares fits to the experimental data. The most relevant parameters ε2 and ε3 which equal the energies of the antibonding single 3d-electron orbitals 3dz
2 and 3dx
2-y2 with respect to the 3dsy orbital are compared with earlier results of these energies ε2 and ε3 of the high spin compound of Mb(H2O). From this comparison conclusions regarding the different spatial ar­rangements of Fe3+ in Hb(H2O) and Mb(H2O) are drawn.
Purification of Histone F3 by Covalent Chromatography
Authors: Oster Oskar , Buchlow Gerhard
Published: August 2018

The arginine-rich histone F3 has been purified by covalent affinity chromatography. By the use of activated Thiol-Sepharose 4B for the purification of cysteine containing histone F3 a highly pure protein was obtained. The simple purification procedure offers the opportunity to get larger amounts of pure histone F3 within short time.
Modifizierung von Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat-Dehydrogenase aus Kaninchen-Skelettmuskel mit dem Coenzymanalogen [3-(3-Bromacetylpyridinio)-propyl]-adenosin-pyrophosphat / Modification of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle by [3-(3-Bromoacetylpyridinio)-propyl]-Adenosine Pyrophosphate
Authors: Dietz Gerhard , Woenckhaus Christoph , Jaenicke Rainer , Schuster Inge
Published: August 2018

The NAD analogue [3-(3-acetylpyridinio)-propyl] adenosine pyrophosphate forms enzymically inactive complexes with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast and rabbit skeletal muscle. In the latter enzyme four mol of the analogue are bound with equal affinity inhibiting the enzyme in a competitive way: KI = 0.3 mM as compared to the dissociation constant KD=O.6 mм.

The brominated derivative [3- (3-bromoacetylpyridinio) -propyl] adenosine pyrophosphate is co­valently bound to both enzymes causing irreversible loss of enzymic activity. Complete inactivation of the enzyme from muscle requires two moles of the analogue per mol of tetramer. The remaining two sites are still able to bind two mol of NAD+ without regain of enzymic activity. In the case of the yeast enzyme four mol of the analogue are bound. Inactivation of the rabbit muscle enzyme is accompanied by the disappearance of two out of four highly reactive sulfhydryl groups; in the yeast enzyme the four active site cysteine residues are still able to react with DTNB1 the reactivity being diminished significantly.

Hybrid formation between the native enzymes from yeast and skeletal muscle is not affected by the modification of the enzyme. Similarly the sedimentation properties of the covalently modi­fied enzyme are indistinguishable from those of the native molecule. This indicates that both the native and the irreversibly inhibited enzyme are identical regarding their quaternary structure.
Renaturation of Alkali-Denatured T 7 DNA Molecules Complexed with Ethidium Bromide
Authors: Sinha R. K. , Talapatra Papiya , Mitra Aruna , Mazumdar Sandip
Published: August 2018

Free and ethidium bromide (EB) complexed alkali denatured T7 DNA molecules were re-natured at 58 and 62 °C respectively for 1 -3 h. The structures of the renaturation products of the free candidates were as usual showing native like, branched and unrenatured DNA whereas the structures of the ethidium bromide complexed one were somewhat different, showing non-renatured loop-like and entangled regions present inbetween the renatured segments. On the basis of the linear base sequence of T7 DNA, these non-renatured parts are indicative of the inhibition of renaturation by the complexed EB molecules. Mapping of the non-renatured regions showed that they were present at some specific sites, which inturn suggested that the EB-binding has some base sequence specificity.
Normale Entwicklung der Fliege Drosophila in Niederfrequenten Magnetfeldern / Normal Development of the Fruitfly Drosophila in VLF Magnetic Fields
Authors: Götz Karl Georg , Götz Simon
Published: August 2018

Attempts to substantiate irreversible actions of a variety of magnetic fields on the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, have been successful and unsuccessful in about equal numbers. The most conspicuous mutagenic effects apparently induced by pulsed H F-fields failed to appear under continuous electromagnetic irradiation. This seems to correlate the observed damage with the VLF-components of the pulsed fields. The present investigation is motivated by the occurrence of these components both in the atmosphere and in the vicinity of electrical appliances. A strain of normally viable wild type males and subnormally viable Attached-X γ ω females was used in which the yield, and the sex ratio, of the progeny indicate, respectively, the extent of developmental damage and of sex-linked recessive lethal mutation induced by the exposure to detrimental conditions. Evaluation of 73,800 flies from subsequent generations of a control group and two test groups raised in steady, or rotating, homogeneous 9.6 kHz magnetic fields of about 2.5 G did not reveal any development of hereditare load in the test groups.
IV. An Improved Separation Method for Twenty two Compounds Related to Purine and 6-Thiopurine Metabolism Using High-Pressure Liquid Cation-Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Breter Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2018

An improved method is described for the separation of 22 compounds normally related to purine and 6-thiopurine metabolism in biological materials using high-pressure liquid cation-exchange chromatography on strongly acidic exchange resin. The column (0.18 × 100 cm) is eluted with 0.4 ᴍ ammonium formate, pH 4.6, at a linear flow velocity of 5.2 cm · min-1 at 50 °C. The elution volumes of sulphate anions, allopurinol, 6-thioxanthine, adenine, adenosine, and guanosine are demonstrated additionally to further 16 purine and 6-thiopurine compounds.
Die Bedeutung der Homogenisationsart und -intensität für die Größe und Konstanz der Sauerstoffaufnahme von Meerschweinchen-Leberhomogenat / The Influence of Mode and Intensity of Homogenization on the Absolute Value and Stability of Oxygen Consumption of Guinea Pig Liver Homogenates
Authors: Schmidt H. J. , Schaum U. , Pichotka J. P.
Published: August 2018

The influence of five different methods of homogenisation (1. The method according to Potter and Elvehjem, 2. A modification of this method called Potter S, 3. The method of Dounce, 4. Homogenisation by hypersonic waves and 5. Coarce-grained homogenisation with the “Mikro-fleischwolf”) on the absolute value and stability of oxygen uptake of guinea pig liver homogenates has been investigated in simultaneous measurements. All homogenates showed a characteristic fall of oxygen uptake during measuring time (3 hours). The modified method according to Potter and Elvehjem called Potter S showed reproducible results without any influence by homogenisation intensity.
Evidence for an 4-Ene-3-oxosteroid-5^-reductase and Δ4-Δ5-Ketosteroid Isomerase Activity in Extracts of Streptomyces hydrogenans
Authors: Tinschert Werner , Träger Lothar
Published: August 2018

A homogenate of cells of Streptomyces hydrogenans which have been cultivated in the presence of estradiol-17β, was separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. In the presence of NADH, a few distinct fractions converted about 10% of [3H] testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), 5α-androstanedione, 4-androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The metabolites were separated after two consecutive runs on silica gel and propanediol-1,2-impregnated cellulose plates by thin layer chromatography. Identification was achieved by comparison with known steroid samples, specific staining procedures and by crystallization to constant specific radioactivity. The 5α-reductase activity responsible for the formation of 5α-DHT and 5α-androstanedione in vitro required NADH as co-substrate and could only be found after induction of the cells with estradiol-17β in vivo. Within the same chromatographic fractions, a Δ4-Δ5-ketosteroid isomerase activity can be detected which catalyzes the reverse reaction from the 4-androstene testosterone to the 5-anthrostene DHEA in vitro.
Calcium Gradient Dependent Pyrophosphate Formation by Sarcoplasmic Vesicles
Authors: Hasselbach Wilhelm , Migala Andrea
Published: August 2018

Pyrophosphate Synthesis, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Calcium Accumulation The vesicles of the sarcoplasmic membranes synthesize pyrophosphate from inorganic phosphate. Pyrophosphate synthesis proceeds as long as a calcium gradient is maintained across the vesicular membranes. Pyrophosphate synthesis is inhibited by low concentrations of nucleoside triphosphates.
New Synthetic Nitrogen-Derivatives of Pulvinic Acid
Authors: Solberg Yngve
Published: August 2018

Pulvinic acid lactams have been synthesized by reaction of the lichen compound vulpinic acid and 2-hydroxyethoxy-acetamide. The structure were established by consideration of infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
Preliminary Report on the Mating Behaviour of the Primitive Spider Heptathela kimurai (Kishida) (Araneae, Liphistiomorphae)
Authors: Haupt Joachim
Published: August 2018

The mating behaviour of a spider belonging to the Liphi­ stiomorphae (Mesothelae) is described. Mating is introduced by palpal signals of the male. The copulation takes place just in front of the opened trap-door of the female’s burrow. The male inserts only one palpal organ. After the copulation the couple separates quickly but peacefully.
13C NMR Investigations on the Stacking of 5′ -AMP with Tryptamine
Authors: Wray V. , Wagner K. G.
Published: August 2018

Stacking, Relaxation Time, Tryptamine, 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate Complex formation between 5′-adenosine monophosphate (5′-AMP) and tryptamine was in­ vestigated by measuring 13C chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation times. The chemical shift changes observed were attributed to ring current effects originating in the stacking of the two respective aromatic moieties and to puckering changes of the AMP ribose. Differences in the magnitude of the shifts of the aromatic carbons were related to the geometry of the complex and compared with those found for AMP selfassociation. Upon complex formation the relaxation times of especially the tryptamine indole carbons were greatly reduced, this was explained by an in­ crease in the particle size. Small changes found for the AMP carbons in solutions without tryptamine result from AMP selfassociation. Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
Renal Aminoacylase, a Zinc Enzyme
Authors: Kördel Werner , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

Renal aminoacylase is inactivated by dialysis against metal complexing agents such as o-phenanthroline. Activity can be restored by addition of zinc ions. A zinc dissociation constant of about 10-10 м at pH 7.8 is obtained by titration of the enzyme with a metal ion buffer. The reactivity of the SH groups of the enzyme is considerably affected by zinc ions. The enzyme contains two essential zinc ions per molecule.
Isolierung und Charakterisierung eines membrangebundenen Pyruvatdehydrogenase-Komplexes aus dem phototrophen Bakterium Rhodospirillum rubrum /Isolation and Characterization of a Membrane-Bound Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex from the Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Lüderitz Rosemarie , Klemme Jobst-Heinrich
Published: August 2018

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhododospirillum rubrum was associated with the membrane fraction both in heterotrophically and photosynthetically grown cells. The complex was separated from the membranes and partially purified by precipitation with MgSO4 and gelfiltration through Sepharose 4B. The purified complex had a specific activity of 1.5 - 2 μmol/min-mg protein and contained the following partial activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1), dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (EC 2.3.1.12) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.4.3). Contrary to other bacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes, the enzyme complex from R . rubrum revealed no cooperativity between pyruvate binding sites. The kinetic constants [Km) for the overall reaction were (in mм) : 0.14 (pyruvate), 0.07 (NAD) and 0.025 (coenzyme A). The Km for thiamine pyrophosphate was dependent on the nature and the concentration of the divalent metal ion (Mn or Mg) present in the reaction mixture, the values ranging from 0.5 to 3 μm . NADH was a potent inhibitor (Ki = 5 μm) of the enzyme complex and the dihydrolipo­ amide dehydrogenase. The inhibition was competitive with respect to NAD. In addition to its rapid inhibitory effect, NADH also inactivated the enzyme. Cysteine partially protected the enzyme complex against NADH-inactivation. Acetyl-coenzyme A also inhibited the overall reaction (Ki = 40 μм) . The inhibition was dependent on the concentration of coenzyme A, but independent of the concentration of pyruvate. Sugar phosphates, phosphoenolpyruvate, citric acid cycle intermediates and nucleosidephosphates (1 mм) had no pronounced effect on the overall reaction.
A Fluorescence Method for Measuring the Retention of Coupling Factor (CF1) in Reconstitution Experiments of Photophosphorylation
Authors: Harnischfeger Götz , Schopf Reinhard
Published: August 2018

The recombination of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) and thylakoid membranes in reconsti­ tution experiments was studied through the fluorescence of paired labels covalently bound to NH2-groups. It was found that maximum recombination is achieved at a ratio of 1.5 -3,μg CF1 /μg chlorophyll. The addition of chloroplast lipids to the medium enhances the incorporation of CF1 into the membranes.

The rates of ATP formation of the regenerated but labeled system are decreased to 50% of those found in unlabeled control experiments. This is discussed in context with the previous observation, that labeling of CF1 at similar concentrations inhibits the ATPase activity of the isolated protein completely.

The possible use of double labeling in the study of the physical aspects of the reconstitution of the photophosphorylating system is discussed.
Evolution of the Transfer RNA Molecule Evolution of the Transfer RNA Molecule
Authors: Erhan Semih , Greller Larry D. , Rasco Barbara
Published: August 2018

Base sequences of many transfer RNA (tRNA) species obtained from different sources contain homologous regions. These homologies, which are 6 to 20 nucleotides long, occur both within the same tRNA molecule and between many different tRNA molecules repeatedly. Since it is very unlikely an 80 or so nucleotide long tRNA molecule could have been formed at once, under primordial conditions, we propose that the homologous oligonucleotides found within the tRNA molecules to-day represent the earliest adapter from which tRNA molecules have evolved.
Chromosomale Strukture von Pseudomona testosteroni IV. Wirkung von Testosteron auf die RNA-Synthese / Chromosomal Structures of Pseudomonas testosteroni IV. Effect of Testosterone on RNA-Synthesis
Authors: Reimer G. , Drahovsky D.
Published: August 2018

Testosterone degrading enzymes are synthesized de novo by bacterium P. testosteroni to utilize testosterone-like steroids as the only source of carbon. RNA-synthesis of the whole lysate of testosterone-induced bacteria was found to be 15% reduced compared to the control, suggesting a cytoplasmatic factor which modulates chromatin associated RNA-polymerase activity.
Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Mezerein aus Daphne mezereum L. / X-Ray Structure Analysis of Mezerein from Daphne mezereum L
Authors: Lotter H. , Jones A. , Sturm M.
Published: August 2018

Mezerein, Daphne mezereum, X-Ray Structure, Antileukemic Principle The X-ray structure of Mezerein from Daphne mezereum L. was determined by aid of direct methods. Comparison with Phorbol and Daphnetoxin led to the absolute configuration. A tentative mechanism for the antileukemic activity is proposed.
Structure and Anticholinesterase Activity of Series of Ethyl Substituted Phenyl Methylphosphonates
Authors: Relimpio Angel M.
Published: August 2018

Thirty derivates from substituted-phenyl-ethyl methylphosphonates have been synthesized and their inhibiting power of acetyl-cholinesterase have been examined in vitro and in vivo. The correlation between inhibition of the enzyme and electrophylic power of the substituent of the phenyl group was excellent, but when this group contains two substituents, steric factors appear to operate. The activity of these compounds has been demonstrated to be higher than their phosphate analogs.
O n the Mechanism of Inactivation and ATP-Dependent Reactivation of Rat Liver Tyrosine Aminotransferase
Authors: Hamm Hans-Heinrich , Seubert Werner
Published: August 2018

The mechanism of in vitro inactivation and ATP-dependent rapid reactivation of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase by a membrane-bound system from rat liver and kidney cortex and the nucleotide specificity of this process was investigated using partially purified tyrosine amino­ transferase as a substrate. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) could be replaced by guanosine 5′-tri-phosphate (GTP), whereas inosine 5′-triphosphate (ITP) was less effective. During reactivation [γ-32P]A T P was incorporated into the enzyme and not excorporated by incubation of the labeled enzyme with excess non-radioative ATP. Inactivation of labeled tyrosine aminotransferase by a particulate fraction led to a decrease protein-bound radioactivity concomitant with an increase of [32P] orthophosphate. This points to a phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mechanism in the regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase activity.
Phosphorylation by Inorganic Phosphate of Sarcoplasmic Membranes
Authors: Rauch Bernhard , Chak Dorothee v. , Hasselbach Wilhelm
Published: August 2018

Phosphorylation, Dephosphorylation, Inorganic Phosphate, Sarcoplasmic Membranes The calcium transport protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum accepts inorganic phosphate rapidly when phosphorylation is initiated either by the addition of phosphate or m agnesium ions to the calcium free protein. Phosphorylation proceeds much more slowly when it is initiated by the addition of the calcium chelator ethyleneglycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether) -N ,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to the phosphate and magnesium containing assay. The time course of phosphorylation following immediately calcium removal is monophasic at all temperatures between 20° and 37 0|C. In contrast, phosphorylation of the calcium free enzyme becomes biphasic at temperatures above 25 °C. The biphasic time course does not only apply to net formation of phosphoprotein but also to its exchange with medium phosphate. On addition of calcium, the phosphoprotein decays in a biphasic process the time constants of which are much longer than those observed for phosphoprotein formation. The temperature dependence of the rate as well as of the extent of phosphoprotein formation indicate a discontinuity in the reactivity of the protein.
Growth Inhibition of Glucose-Grown Cariogenic and Other Streptococci by Saccharin in vitro
Authors: Linke Harald A. B.
Published: August 2018

Sodium saccharin in concentrations from 0.02 to 20.00 mg/ml inhibits the in vitro growth of glucose-grown cariogenic and other streptococci, and suppresses, esp. at the higher concentration range, the fermentative acid production of these microorganism s to acid levels much lower than the critical pH of 5.5. These observations indicate a possible caries antagonism by saccharin.
Development of Phage Populations in a Bacterial Culture: a Mathematical Model
Authors: Grossi G. F. , Cesareni G. , Liello F.
Published: August 2018

A mathematical model for the interaction kinetic in phage-bacterium culture is proposed. An appropriate analytical relationship between phage and bacterial concentrations has been derived. Characteristic kinetic constants have been obtained by com paring the experimental growth curves with computer-simulation analysis. The model allows also to evaluate the phage-yield as a function of the initial concentrations.
Some Properties of Plastidic Cytochrome b-563
Authors: Lach H. J. , Böger P.
Published: August 2018

Plastidic Cytochrome b-563 Cytochrome b-563 from spinach chloroplasts was isolated in a homogeneous and enzymatically active form. It has a low, but variable lipid content and a molecular weight of about 18,000 daltons.
Electrophysiological Properties of R7 and R8 in Dipteran Retina
Authors: Hardie R. C.
Published: August 2018

Intracellular recording and dye injection have directly demonstrated the absolute and spectral sensitivities of R7 and R8 in the eye of Calliphora. R8 has major peak of sensitivity at 547 nm with less than half the bandwidth of a theoretical rhodopsin, and a subsidiary peak at 358 nm. R7 is confirmed as being an ultraviolet receptor. Both have absolute sensitivities similar to those of R 1 -6. These results are inconsistent with the scotopic (R1-6), photopic (R7 and R8) theory of fly vision.
Effect of Cortisone on Aspartate and Alanine Aminotransferases in a Desert Lizard
Authors: Aziz Shaharuddin , Hasnain S. N. , Zain Barbara K.
Published: August 2018

1. Liver and serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) activities were measured in a hibernating desert lizard, Uromastix hardwickii. The levels of both enzymes were found to be lower in hibernation than during the active period, particularly in the liver.

2. After intramuscular injection of 2 mg of cortisone acetate there was a rapid rise in the levels of these enzymes with a peak of 18 hours (GOT) and 12 hours (G P T).

3. The response of both enzymes to cortisone was much greater during the active period than during hibernation.

4. GOT showed a much more rapid and greater response to cortisone than GPT. This is in contrast to the response of rat liver where GPT is more responsive to this hormone.

5. These studies indicate that the transferase enzymes of this lizard differ from those of the rat in their sensitivity and time of response to cortisone.
Stoichiometry of H2 Production by an in vitro Chloroplast, Ferredoxin, Hydrogenase Reconstituted System
Authors: Packer Lester , Cullingford William
Published: August 2018

Studies of the rate and efficiency of H2 production by a reconstituted system composed of washed chloroplasts, ferredoxin, and hydrogenase reveal th at a significant proportion of the low potential electrons are leaked to H2O2 production via auto-oxidation of ferredoxin even in the presence of an oxygen trap (glucose and glucose oxidase). U nder optimum conditions of ferredoxin concentration the leak can be m inimized such th at H2 production is about 70% of the ferricyanide Hill reaction rate.
Modellreaktionen zur kooperativen Amid/SH- Katalyse der Esterhydrolyse / Model Reactions of the Concerted Amide-SH Catalysis of Ester Hydrolysis
Authors: Petz Dorothee , Schneider Friedhelm , Löffler Hans-Georg
Published: August 2018

An enhancement of the rate of hydrolysis of certain methyl esters by cooperative effects of neighbouring amide and SH groups is demonstrated. The rate of hydroxyl ion catalyzed hydrolysis of the most reactive ester exceeds the rate of saponification of simple aliphatic esters by a factor of about 103. A mechanism of the saponification reactions involving intermediate cyclic imide formation is proposed.
Pilzpigmente,XXXV[1]. 3-O-Methylvariegatsäure und verwandte Pulvinsäurederivate aus Kulturen von Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Boletales) / Pigments of Fungi, XXXV 3-0-Methylvariegatic Acid and Related Pulvinic Acid Derivatives from Cultures of Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Boletales)
Authors: Besl Helmut , Bresinsky Andreas , Kopanski Lothar , Steglich Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

From cultures of Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca in addition to variegatic acid (1), methyl variegate (2) and variegatorubin (5), three new derivatives of pulvinic acid have been isolated. They were identified as 3-O-methylvariegatic acid (3), its methyl ester 4 and 3-O-methylvariegatorubin (6) by means of spectroscopy and comparison with synthetic samples.
The Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Flow in Chloroplasts by the Dinitrophenylether of Bromo-or Iodo-nitrothymol
Authors: Trebst A. , Wietoska H. , Draber W. , Knops H. J.
Published: August 2018

The O -dinitrophenyl derivatives of 2 -bromo-and 2-iodo-4-nitrothymol are inhibitors of photo­ synthetic electron flow from water to NADP or methylviologen, yielding 50% inhibition at 0.5 μм. Photoreductions by either photosystem I or photosystem II alone are not inhibited. The inhibition site is bypassed by TM PD. The inhibition pattern identical to the one of dibromothymoquinone. It is reduction of plastoquinone.
Studies Supporting the Concept of Glyoxyperoxisomes as Intermediary Organelles in Transformation of Glyoxysomes into Peroxisomes
Authors: Koller Wolfram , Kindi Helmut
Published: August 2018

Intermediary forms of microbodies, glyoxyperoxisomes, are most likely synthesized at the stage of replacement of glyoxysomes by peroxisomes during the greening of fatstoring cells of cucumber cotyledons. This hypothesis is supported by three lines of results: 1. The levels of both glycollate oxidase and malate synthase are increased in the m icrobody fractions upon illumination of cotyleons. 2. Both peroxisomal and glyoxysomal marker enzymes are localized in organelles which exhibit the same buoyant densities. 3. De novo synthesis of malate synthase takes place even when irradiation already leads to a drastic increase of glycollate oxidase. The amount of malate synthase synthesized is almost identical in the light-induced system and in the dark control.
Studies of Simian Sarcoma and Simian Sarcoma-Associated Virus: I. Analysis of Viral Structural Proteins, and Preparation and Characterization of Antiserum Specific for Viral Envelope Components
Authors: Deinhardt F. , Bergholz C. , Hunsmann G. , Schneider J. , Thiel H.-J. , Schäfer W. , Beug H.
Published: August 2018

The structural proteins of simian sarcoma virus type 1 and its associated virus (SSV) were analysed; in general they were similar to the corresponding components of murine leukemia viruses (MuLV), i. e. glycoproteins of approximately 69.000 and 71.000 Daltons (gp69/71), pro­teins corresponding to p15(E) and p12(E) which were identified as envelope, and p31, p15, p12 and p10 proteins identified as internal components. As in MuLV, p12 stained reddish with Coomassie blue but a pl5(C) distinct from p15(E) was not clearly identified. Using antisera specific for individual components of MuLV cross-reactions were observed between the proteins pl5(E), pi2(E) and p31 of SSV and MuLV, and to a minor degree also between their respective major glycoproteins. An antiserum reacting strongly, specifically and almost exclusively with the envelope components of SSV gp69/71, p15 (E) and p12 (E) was prepared in a goat by inoculation of the animal’s own cells, previously transformed in vitro with SSV and grown in goat serum. Comparative studies with this antiserum in complement fixation and Ouchterlony tests confirmed the strong antigenic similarities between SSV and gibbon ape lymphoma virus but did not identify any interspecies reactivity.
Biomimetic Synthesis of the Fucus Pheromone, Fucoserraten/ A Contribution to the Heterolytic Fragmentation of Unsaturated 1,5-Diols
Authors: Seferiadis Konstantin , Jaenicke Lothar
Published: August 2018

Fucoserraten (1.3-irans, 5-cis-octatriene), the sex-attractant of Fucus serratus and F. vesiculosus, was obtained by heating bis-trimethylsilyl-1,5-cis, 8-cis-undecatrien-3,7-diol in an acidic milieu, showing simultaneously that also 3-unsaturated 1,5-diols undergo heterolytic fragmentation. As expected, the reaction proceeds without isomerization and under trans-elimination of the leaving group.
The Kinetics of Formation of Metarhodopsin in Intact Photoreceptors of the Fly
Authors: Feiler R. , Kirschfeld K. , Minke B.
Published: August 2018

The formation of metarhodopsin in fly photoreceptor no. 1 - 6 occurs at room temperature with a time constant of 125 μs (Q10 ≈2.5). The formation of rhoclopsin is faster by factor of 1/10 to 1/100 at least.
Cesium Determination in Physiological Fluids and Tissues by Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry≠
Authors: Schulten H.-R. , Ziskoven R. , Lehmann W. D.
Published: August 2018

Quantitative ultratrace analysis (10 nmol to 10 /cmol/1) of cesium in biological samples such as human body fluids and animal tissues is performed without any prior purification or concentration steps. The normal level of cesium ions in heart cells was determined. After poisoning these cells with high concentrations of the alkali cation much higher levels were found inside the cells then had been suggested previously. It is demonstrated that field desorption mass spectrometry is a unique tool for the qualitative and quantitative investigations of metal cations in biological material.
Determination of the Electron Density Profile of the Nerve Myelin Membrane in Different States Taking Paracrystalline Lattice Distortions into Account
Authors: Gbordzoe M. K. , Kreutz W.
Published: August 2018

Recent investigations point to the presence of paracrystalline lattice disorder in the nerve myelin in the swollen, fixed and to some extent also in the native state. This leads to the distortion of the Q-function of the membrane stack and the Q0-function of the unit cell, which can be ex­perimentally isolated through swelling.

Representing the distance statistics between neighbouring membranes and the electron density distribution of the single membrane with Gaussian functions, the Q-function can be expressed analytically as a convolution polynomial of the electron density, its mirror image and the distance statistics functions. Fitting this model (^-function to the experimental Q-function obtained by the inverse Fourier transformation of the scattered intensity, one can determine the optimal parameters of the electron density distribution and the distance statistics functions. The elimination of the distance fluctuations between neighbouring membranes permits the calculation of the undistorted Q-function or the Q0-function. The Fourier Analytical Deconvolution of the undistorted Q0-function enables a unique determination of the double membrane profile, thus a unique phase determination.
Derivate des Benzo[1.3]dioxols, 431 Über Benzo [1.3] dioxolcarbonsäuren / Derivatives of 1,3-Benzodioxoles, 43 1,3-Benzodioxolecarboxylic Acids
Authors: Daliacker Franz , Mues Volker , Kim In-O
Published: August 2018

We describe the possibilities of formation and preparation of the “natural” 1,3-benzodioxolecarboxylic acids 1, 2, 4, 6 b, and 7, already mentioned in literature. Myristic acid (3e) was prepared in good yield from 3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid ester (3c) , which could be easily made from 3-methoxy-2,3-carbonyldioxy-benzoic acid methylester (3b). Myristicic acid methylester (3d) could be subjected to methylation and hydrolysis leading to 3e without any difficulties.

4.6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (5b) was prepared in good yields by oxidation of 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-5-aldehyde (5a).

5.7-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-carboxylic acid (13f), one of the “unnatural” 1,3-benzodioxolecarboxylic acids, derivatives of o-ipiperonylic acid (8), was prepared from 5-amino-7-methoxy-1,3- benzodioxole-4carboxylic acid methyl ester (13b) by diazotisation, elimination of nitrogen, methylation, and hydrolysis. A comparison of our measured pkA-values showed the strongest acidity belonging to 5,6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-4-carbocylic acid (11).
Partial Structure of Papiliochrome, the Yellow Wing Pigment of the Papilionid Butterflies
Authors: Rembold Heinz , Rascher Jakob , Eder Jörg , Umebachi Yoshishige
Published: August 2018

Papiliochrome II, one of the yellow wing pigments of the Papilionid butterfly, Papilio xuthus, can be split into ʟ-kynurenine and a catecholamine derivative, SN-1, by 10-3 n HCI. The latter is hydrolyzed by ɴ HCI into β-alanine and noradrenaline. The structure of SN-1 has been elucidated as N-(β-alanyl)-ʟ-noradrenaline by NMR and MS data as well as by synthesis. Preparation of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of benzyloxycarbonyl-β-alanine, its condensation with ʟ-noradrenaline to the corresponding benzyloxycarbonyl protected SN-1 and of N- (β-alanyl)-ʟ-noradrenaline by hydrogenolysis of the protecting group are described.