bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las competencias lingüísticas en juego en el campo académico: perfiles de adquisición, valoración y utilización del inglés por investigadores/as científicos/as de Argentina
Authors: Gallardo Osvaldo
Published: May 2023

El objetivo del artículo es discutir el proceso de adquisición y utilización del idioma inglés por parte de  investigadores e investigadoras cuya lengua materna es el español. El estudio empírico se basa en una encuesta (N = 2.390) y en el análisis de currículum vitae (N = 4.638) de  investigadores/as del Conicet (Argentina). Se identificaron distintos perfiles de capacidades en inglés, así como su vinculación con las trayectorias de adquisición y el origen social de los/as investigadores/as. Sin embargo, el uso académico de estas capacidades está claramente influenciado por el campo específico donde son puestas en práctica. Así, mientras los/as investigadores/as de todas las áreas disciplinares presentan capacidades avanzadas en inglés, estás son aplicadas mayormente por  quienes se desempeñan en las ciencias naturales y aplicadas, en particular en lo que se refiere a la redacción de publicaciones científicas.
Los circuitos lingüísticos de la publicación científica latinoamericana
Authors: Salatino Maximiliano
Published: May 2023

Dado el papel actual de la producción científica publicada en revistas, es fundamental comprender sus patrones de circulación lingüística. Para ello, examinamos las revistas y artículos incluidos en Scopus y Web of Science para demostrar su falta de  representatividad y diversidad, especialmente para la producción científica latinoamericana. Uno de los principales objetivos de este trabajo esvisibilizar un corpus de producción científica publicado en revistas  latinoamericanas. Para ello, analizamos más de 900 mil artículos y 1.720 revistas científicas. Tanto el volumen de artículos como el número de revistas analizadas revelan un espacio  dinámico de circulación regional con fuertes raíces  sociohistóricas,  caracterizado por un acceso abierto no comercial y predominantemente multilingüe. Partiendo del concepto de circuito lingüístico, concluimos ilustrando la importancia de este multilingüismo creciente para el desarrollo y la internacionalización de la ciencia latinoamericana.
Nômades: as práticas errantes no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão em arquitetura e urbanismo – Por um (re)conhecimento urbano
Authors: Fiorin Evandro
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre os desdobramentos de ações realizadas em um contexto paulista e discute as novas experiências que temos realizado em solo catarinense, para atualizar o legado de artistas e arquitetos em suas práticas errantes. Cercados de nomadismos, queremos explicitar uma proposta de contaminação do Ateliê de Projeto com o ambiente urbano, diante da difícil tarefa de descrever as conformações urbanas contemporâneas. Um esforço de percepção que tenta assimilar deambulações, derivas e a prática do caminhar, no ensino de graduação e de pós-graduação, além do seu atrelamento às pesquisas de iniciação científica e de mestrado que orientamos em contextos citadinos bastante diversos, tendo em vista, ainda, os possíveis rebatimentos na extensão universitária, rumo a um (re)conhecimento urbano.
“Já não existe ágora”. Sobre a crítica situacionista à expropriação da comunicação como crítica de arquitetura.
Authors: Velloso Rita de Cássia Lucena
Published: May 2023

A partir dos Comentários à Sociedade do Espetáculo (1988) de Debord e na produção artística de Constant (1960-1985), analiso momentos de suas trajetórias, nas quais se demonstra que a crítica da experiência da comunicação expropriada não pode se fazer sem uma continuada crítica da experiência urbana. No espetacular integrado a separação é condição de sustentação das configurações sociais. No arranjo da sociedade do espetáculo quem ouve jamais replica, o que equivale a ter como padrão um comportamento de passividade na contemplação. Esse empobrecimento da comunicação corresponde ao empobrecimento da vida sob a dominação do espetáculo; não obstante, à comunicação que se realiza na práxis radical do diálogo cabe a possibilidade de resistência ao poder espetacular.
Editorial
Authors: Lopes Ana Carolina Fróes Ribeiro , Andrade Carlos Roberto Monteiro de , Lima Rodrigo Nogueira
Published: May 2023

Texto do Editorial da Edição Temática da Revista Risco sobre os Situacionistas.
Onde se guardam os dormentes? Relatos de uma deriva pelos arredores da estação ferroviária de São Carlos
Authors: Andrade Carlos Roberto Monteiro de , Costa Luciano Bernardino da , Lima Rodrigo Nogueira
Published: May 2023

Relatos de uma deriva pelos arredores da estação ferroviária de São Carlos
Reflexões sobre a construção histórica do conceito de espaço: uma aproximação
Authors: Ramos Fernando Guillermo Vazquez , Ribeiro Carlos Eduardo Dias , Campoy Carlos Quedas , Paula Franklin Roberto Ferreira de
Published: May 2023

Hoje em dia, temos familiaridade e proximidade com o termo espaço em arquitetura, mas isso nem sempre foi assim. Neste artigo, indaga-se o posicionamento de alguns autores que começaram a pensar as relações entre espaço e arquitetura entre finais do século XIX e início do XX, apontando a reiterada falta de interesse pelo assunto nos anos 1930-40, para depois encarar a aproximação conceitual que se deu no âmbito da arquitetura nos anos 1950-60. Esse método de sucessão cronológica permitiu entender a complexidade do tema e esboçar uma aproximação contemporânea de sua compreensão, mas sem concluir com uma definição precisa, pois, após pensar em possíveis aproximações teóricas, parece pouco provável que exista uma acepção única para tal conceito.
Morphologie et dynamique des mythes : une lecture catastrophiste de Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Wildgen Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Notre « ré-analyse » de l’oeuvre mythologique de Lévi-Strauss part de la sémantique catastrophiste selon René Thom. Après un résumé des résultats majeurs dans l’analyse des mythes chez Lévi-Strauss et la considération des aspects dynamiques, telle la genèse des mythes, leur transformation et distribution, un problème central de la mythologie structurale de Lévi-Strauss concerne les transitions entre le continu et le discret et la constitution des distinctions pertinentes. Cette problématique est au coeur de la Théorie des Catastrophes (TC). L’article se concentre sur la formule canonique du mythe selon Lévi-Strauss. Il essaie de reconstruire cette formule à la base de son emploi par Lévi-Strauss dans plusieurs de ses oeuvres. Le dessein est de mieux comprendre et de préciser cette formule. Le texte passe en revue les moyens formels utilisés par Lévi-Strauss et cherche une interprétation dans le cadre d’une mathématisation adéquate. D’autres reconstructions, surtout celle de Jean Petitot sont prises en compte. Finalement, l’article discute les conséquences de cette relecture pour la sémantique catastrophiste et pour une sémiotique des mythes et des religions.
O futuro dos livros
Authors: Thompson John B.
Published: May 2023

A revolução digital teve, e continua tendo, um impacto dramático em muitos setores da mídia e indústria criativa, mas qual é seu impacto na nossa mais antiga indústria midiática – o mercado editorial? No início dos anos 2000, muitos observadores ponderaram que o livro impresso seria eclipsado por livros eletrônicos e outras formas de entrega de conteúdo digital, assim como o vinil fora substituído pelo download digital e serviços de streaming. Thompson, no entanto, mostra que o livro impresso provou ser mais resiliente do que muitos comentadores assumiram, argumentando que as consequências mais importantes da revolução digital para o mercado editorial devem ser buscadas alhures.
A adaptação como ficção expandida na série contemporânea
Authors: Serelle Marcio
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo, discuto como a ficção seriada contemporânea levou a adaptação a outro estágio, não mais marcado pela contração da trama ou da psicologia das personagens, mas pela expansão do universo ficcional. Por meio da análise da série A maldição da mansão Bly, criada por Mike Flanagan a partir de A outra volta do parafuso, de Henry James, busco compreender como a ficção expandida democratiza a população ficcional sem romper o fio da intriga, em diálogo com uma sensibilidade e condição de recepção contemporâneas.
Celine Art Project: notas sobre arte, luxo e a maioridade do capitalismo artista
Authors: Figueredo Henrique Grimaldi , Ábile Bárbara Venturini
Published: May 2023

Este artigo aborda as transformações ocorridas nas últimas décadas nos circuitos criativos a partir das intersecções cada vez mais substanciais entre as empresas e a arte, analisando em específico a relação entre a indústria do luxo e a arte contemporânea materializada no Celine Art Project, da grife francesa Celine, pertencente ao conglomerado LVMH. Com um método cruzado entre a história social e a sociologia da arte, este trabalho pretende demonstrar como tem sido recorrente a absorção de artistas pelas casas de luxo como estratégia para incrementar seu capital cultural. Um fenômeno focado no melhoramento simbólico dos produtos e da experiência de compra, suas consequências ainda podem ser percebidas na criação de codependências entre os artistas emergentes e as corporações.
Registro de tecnologias durante epidemias: análise dos testes diagnósticos para vírus zika no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Catia Veronica dos Santos , Reis Lenice Gnocchi da Costa , Pepe Vera Lúcia Edais
Published: May 2023

Em momentos de Emergência em Saúde Pública, o uso de tecnologias diagnósticas se dá sob condições especiais, visto a necessidade do rápido acesso. Na Emergência em Saúde Pública do vírus zika, os testes comerciais foram importantes para identificar casos e responder seus desafios. No Brasil, a comercialização de testes diagnósticos ocorre após a concessão do registro pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o registro dos testes comerciais para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus zika no período de 2016 a 2019 no Brasil. O estudo exploratório-descritivo utilizou-se do banco de dados e de documentos do site da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, bem como de documentos disponíveis nas páginas eletrônicas dos fabricantes detentores de registro. Quatro dimensões foram consideradas para a análise dos dados coletados: registro, testes, fabricantes e detentores de registro. Foram registrados 68 testes, sendo 91% de empresas privadas; 82% específicos para o vírus zika; 54% importados; 78% sorológicos; e 37% testes rápidos. Durante a Emergência em Saúde Pública do vírus zika, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária priorizou o registro dos testes, sem fazer uso da Autorização de Uso Emergencial, dispositivo preconizado internacionalmente. Em 2016, o tempo médio para análise de registro foi menor e o número de exigências, maior. Não se identificou informação sobre o desempenho em 50% dos testes. A recuperação e a geração de novas evidências, durante a utilização, são os grandes desafios e mostra-se importante disponibilizar informações sobre o desempenho dos testes.
Militarização no Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Maranhão: do “desastre anunciado” ao epicentro da pandemia
Authors: Varga István van Deursen , Viana Rosana Lima , Oliveira Ana Caroline Amorim
Published: May 2023

Este estudo de caso utilizou metodologia historiográfica para investigar a trajetória e o desempenho do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Maranhão, tendo por parâmetro o que preconiza a própria Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas, ainda oficialmente em vigor em 2021, e, por pano de fundo, o contexto geral das políticas de saúde em sucessivos governos federais. O período analisado e discutido vai de 2010 a 2021, abrangendo: a crise na gestão da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas, implementada pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde; a consequente criação da Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena e a transferência, para seu âmbito, do papel de gestora dessa política, em 2010; os desafios enfrentados pela Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena em seus primeiros anos de gestão, no contexto das crises políticas que levaram ao impeachment da presidente Dilma Roussef e ao governo de Michel Temer; o governo de Jair Messias Bolsonaro, com o consequente ataque sistemático a princípios e diretrizes inscritos na própria Constituição Federal de 1988 e o desmonte e/ou sabotagem da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas; o advento da pandemia de covid-19 nesse contexto e seus impactos específicos sobre a população indígena, no Brasil e no Maranhão, até 2021.
Vaccination-Associated Myocarditis and Myocardial Injury
Authors: Altman Natasha L. , Berning Amber A. , Mann Sarah C. , Quaife Robert A. , Gill Edward A. , Auerbach Scott R. , Campbell Thomas B. , Bristow Michael R.
Published: May 2023

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–associated myocarditis/myocardial injury should be evaluated in the contexts of COVID-19 infection, other types of viral myocarditis, and other vaccine-associated cardiac disorders. COVID-19 vaccine–associated myocardial injury can be caused by an inflammatory immune cell infiltrate, but other etiologies such as microvascular thrombosis are also possible. The clinical diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Endomyocardial biopsy is confirmatory for myocarditis, but may not show an inflammatory infiltrate because of rapid resolution or a non-inflammatory etiology. Myocarditis associated with SARS-COVID-19 vaccines occurs primarily with mRNA platform vaccines, which are also the most effective. In persons aged >16 or >12 years the myocarditis estimated crude incidences after the first 2 doses of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 are approximately 1.9 and 3.5 per 100 000 individuals, respectively. These rates equate to excess incidences above control populations of approximately 1.2 (BNT162b2) and 1.9 (mRNA-1273) per 100 000 persons, which are lower than the myocarditis rate for smallpox but higher than that for influenza vaccines. In the studies that have included mRNA vaccine and SARS-COVID-19 myocarditis measured by the same methodology, the incidence rate was increased by 3.5-fold over control in COVID-19 compared with 1.5-fold for BNT162b2 and 6.2-fold for mRNA-1273. However, mortality and major morbidity are less and recovery is faster with mRNA vaccine–associated myocarditis compared to COVID-19 infection. The reasons for this include vaccine-associated myocarditis having a higher incidence in young adults and adolescents, typically no involvement of other organs in vaccine-associated myocarditis, and based on comparisons to non-COVID viral myocarditis an inherently more benign clinical course.
Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in COVID
Authors: Holby S. Neil , Richardson Tadarro Lee , Laws J. Lukas , McLaren Thomas A. , Soslow Jonathan H. , Baker Michael T. , Dendy Jeffrey M. , Clark Daniel E. , Hughes Sean G.
Published: May 2023

Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID, is associated with numerous potential secondary complications. Global efforts have been dedicated to understanding the myriad potential cardiovascular sequelae which may occur during acute infection, convalescence, or recovery. Because patients often present with nonspecific symptoms and laboratory findings, cardiac imaging has emerged as an important tool for the discrimination of pulmonary and cardiovascular complications of this disease. The clinician investigating a potential COVID-related complication must account not only for the relative utility of various cardiac imaging modalities but also for the risk of infectious exposure to staff and other patients. Extraordinary clinical and scholarly efforts have brought the international medical community closer to a consensus on the appropriate indications for diagnostic cardiac imaging during this protracted pandemic. In this review, we summarize the existing literature and reference major societal guidelines to provide an overview of the indications and utility of echocardiography, nuclear imaging, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of cardiovascular complications of COVID.
Interaction of COVID-19 With Common Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Boulos Peter K. , Freeman Scott V. , Henry Timothy D. , Mahmud Ehtisham , Messenger John C.
Published: May 2023

The onset and widespread dissemination of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in late 2019 impacted the world in a way not seen since the 1918 H1N1 pandemic, colloquially known as the Spanish Flu. Much like the Spanish Flu, which was observed to disproportionately impact young adults, it became clear in the early days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that certain groups appeared to be at higher risk for severe illness once infected. One such group that immediately came to the forefront and garnered international attention was patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Here, we examine the available literature describing the interaction of COVID-19 with a myriad of cardiovascular conditions and diseases, paying particular attention to patients diagnosed with arrythmias, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. We further discuss the association of acute COVID-19 with de novo cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction due to coronary thrombosis, myocarditis, and new onset arrhythmias. We will evaluate various biochemical theories to explain these findings, including possible mechanisms of direct myocardial injury caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus at the cellular level. Finally, we will discuss the strategies employed by numerous groups and governing bodies within the cardiovascular disease community to address the unprecedented challenges posed to the care of our most vulnerable patients, including heart transplant recipients, end-stage heart failure patients, and patients suffering from acute coronary syndromes, during the early days and height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Systolic Blood Pressure Time in Target Range and Cognitive Outcomes: Insights From the SPRINT MIND Trial
Authors: Li Sitong , Jiang Chao , Wang Yufeng , Lai Yiwei , Zhao Manlin , Li Qifan , Bai Yu , Dai Wenli , Guo Qi , He Liu , Guo Xueyuan , Wang Wei , Li Songnan , Liu Nian , Jiang Chenxi , Tang Ribo , Sang Caihua , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Anderson Craig S. , Ma Changsheng
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

The prognostic value of systolic blood pressure (SBP) time in target range (TTR) on cognitive outcomes among adults with hypertension remains unclear.

METHODS:

We performed secondary analysis of SPRINT MIND (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension), which compared intensive (<120 mm Hg) versus standard (<140 mm Hg) SBP intervention in hypertensive individuals. TTR was calculated from baseline to month 3 using 110 to 130 mm Hg and 120 to 140 mm Hg as target range for the intensive and standard groups, respectively. Cognitive outcomes included probable dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and the composite of probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between SBP-TTR and cognitive outcomes.

RESULTS:

A total of 8298 patients were included. Participants with higher TTR were younger and less likely to be women or to have a history of cardiovascular disease. After adjustment of baseline demographics, medical history, and mean SBP, a 1-SD (31.5%) increase in TTR was independently associated with a 14% lower risk of probable dementia (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76–0.98];
P
=0.023). Sensitivity analysis showed consistent results when combining target range as 110 to 140 mm Hg. However, there was no significant association between SBP-TTR and mild cognitive impairment.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND, SBP-TTR was an independent predictor of probable dementia beyond mean SBP. Maintaining SBP within 110 to 140 mm Hg over time may be beneficial for dementia prevention.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Flexible Changes in Attentional Focus and Task Rules Rely on A Shared Set of Frontoparietal Oscillatory Dynamics
Authors: Kaiser Jakob , Oberschulte Julia Marie , Heckmann Maximiliane , Schütz-Bosbach Simone
Published: May 2023

Flexible changes in behavior can involve changes in the processing of external information (i.e., shifts in attention between different stimuli) or internal information (i.e., shifts in task rules stored in memory). However, it is unclear if different types of flexible change rely on separate, domain-specific neural processes or on a domain-general system, which enables flexible actions independent of the type of change needed. In the current study, participants performed a task switching procedure while we measured neural oscillations via EEG. Importantly, we independently manipulated the need to switch attention between 2 types of stimuli, as well as the need to switch between two sets of stimuli–response rules stored in memory. Both attentional and rule switches significantly increased error rates and RTs. On a neural level, both types of changes were associated with a widespread decrease in alpha power, predominantly over the parietal cortex. Attentional switches and rule switches showed a subadditive interaction effect on both participants' performance as well as on their alpha power reactivity. This indicates that implementing both changes at the same time was more efficient than implementing each individual change separately. Independent of the presence or absence of either attentional or rule switches, higher frontal theta power and lower parietal/posterior alpha power predicted faster responses on correct trials. Our study suggests that flexible behavior relies on domain-general frontal and parietal oscillatory dynamics, which enable efficient implementation of goal-directed actions independent of which aspects of the task change.
Seeking Inclusion, Breeding Exclusion? The UN’s wps Agenda and the Syrian Peace Talks
Authors: Zahar Marie-Joëlle
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes the Women’s Advisory Board (wab) to the UN Special Envoy for Syria, a unique mechanism designed to include women in peace processes. Has the wab fulfilled its objective? Based on ethnographic material, and primary and secondary sources, we argue that the wab fostered a sentiment of exclusion among some of its members and of the broader spectrum of Syrian women’s organizations. The article further suggests that the wab failed to meaningfully include women in the Syria peace process. The sources of these failures can be located in the process by which wab participants were selected and the ‘peacemaker’ identity that they were assigned. The limits associated with the process of selection and the substance of the women’s engagement are inherent to the way the UN frames and justifies women’s inclusion. The wab, it concludes, should not be hastily replicated as a mechanism of women’s inclusion.
Sovereign Immunity of Uncrewed Surveillance Vehicles and the Limits of Enforcement Jurisdiction
Authors: McKenzie Simon
Published: May 2023

States have long trespassed on the territory of other States to carry out surveillance. However, new technologies are changing the stakes of these incursions: uncrewed aerial vehicles (uav s) and uncrewed maritime vehicles (umv s) used for surveillance can trespass in on foreign territory without risk to their operators. In addition, States appear to be more willing to capture or destroy trespassing uncrewed vehicles. This paper assesses whether these developments suggest there is a basis to denying trespassing uncrewed devices sovereign immunity from the enforcement jurisdiction of territorial States. It argues that while uncrewed devices (like other forms of military property used for non-commercial purposes) are entitled to sovereign immunity, they can lose that immunity through their conduct, including by trespassing on the territory of another State. This allows for the territorial State to exercise enforcement jurisdiction, including the use of force, over the uav or umv.
The Safavids and “Candechar, King of the Indies”: Polish-Lithuanian Intelligence on Safavid-Mughal Relations
Authors: Jaśkowski Stanisław Adam
Published: May 2023

The relations between the Islamic empires of the early modern period—the Ottomans, the Safavids, and the Mughals—have long been the subject of research, as have been the links between each of them and Europe. The present paper adopts a different approach, addressing the relations between them and Central and Eastern Europe as part of a single geopolitical continuum. This is done by focusing on the events of the late 1630s—the Safavid-Mughal conflict over Kandahar and the Ottoman-Safavid Treaty of Zohāb (1639)—and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s interest in them, as well as how these issues are reflected in the sources, including Polish intelligence reports and Safavid and Mughal chronicles. Such an examination shows not only the scope of interest of various state actors in global affairs, but also offers us a glimpse into the intertwined political relations of early modern Eurasia.
The Introduction to Mohammad-Taqi Bahār’s Sabkshenāsi: A Translation
Authors: Jabbari Alexander
Published: May 2023

Mohammad-Taqi Bahār’s 1942 textbook Sabkshenāsi (“Stylistics”) was a landmark text in modern Persian literary studies. It coined terms (like sabk-e Hendi or the “Indian style” of Persian poetry) and laid out a tripartite, geographical-temporal model for the history of Persian poetry which largely remain dominant today. Bahār’s articulation of a national canon of Iranian literature (comprising writings in various stages of the Persian language as well as Arabic) made Sabkshenāsi an important text not only for the nascent department of Persian literature at the University of Tehran for which it was written, but for twentieth-century Iranian nationalism in general. By combining traditional forms of knowledge with the methodologies pioneered by European Orientalists, it played an important role in modernizing Persian literary studies. The influential introduction to Sabkshenāsi is translated here into English in full for the first time, along with a preface explaining the work’s importance for Persian literary studies.
Explaining Rationalist Weak Conciliationism: A Challenge
Authors: Thurow Joshua C.
Published: May 2023

In his book, Disagreement, Deference, and Religious Commitment, John Pittard presents and critiques what he calls the “master argument for disagreement-motivated religious skepticism.” This argument purports to show, using only higher-order reasoning and facts about religious disagreement, that nobody’s religious outlook is justified (at least, nobody aware of the argument). The master argument presupposes that any attempt to vindicate one’s religious outlook must employ dispute-independent reasons. Pittard objects to this assumption and argues, instead, for rationalist weak conciliationism: the view that partisan justification can be had when (and only when) one has rational insight into the claim in question. In this paper, I raise a challenge for rationalist weak conciliationism; in short, it is difficult to explain why only rational insight provides partisan justification while maintaining that a wide range of beliefs, including religious beliefs, can be justified in a partisan way.
Putting the World in the Centre: a Different Future for Scotland’s Education
Authors: Biesta Gert
Published: May 2023

This paper provides a critical discussion of Putting Learners at the Centre: Towards a Future Vision for Scottish Education, which was published by the Scottish Government in 2022. After reconstructing the case made in the report for putting learners at the centre of Scottish education, I raise critical questions, both about the idea that learners should be at the centre of education and that it is their learning that education should focus on. I also argue why the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is insufficient as a basis for education. I then present the case for an alternative view, which neither puts learners nor the curriculum at the centre, but sees the physical, natural, and social world as that which education should centre on. I show how this may provide a more meaningful and more educational future for education in Scotland and elsewhere.
On plate 24 by Maria Sibylla Merian in Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium, and some types of Prioninae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , NEARNS EUGENIO H.
Published: May 2023

The status of the two specimens of Prioninae seen on Merian’s plate 24 (1705) is discussed, and considered as being Mallodon spinibarbis (Linnaeus, 1758). Prionus similis Schönherr (1817) is revalidated and placed in incertae sedis in Prioninae. Information on the types of Cerambyx spinibarbis Linnaeus, 1758, C. cinnamomeus Linnaeus, 1758, and C. melanopus Linnaeus, 1767 are provided.
New descriptions, synonymies and records in South American Lamiinae(Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: VLASAK JOSEF , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: May 2023

Two new species are described from Ecuador: Colobothea androwi sp. nov. and Tybalmia diffusa sp. nov. A provisional key to species of Tybalmia Thomson, 1868 is provided. Tybalmia tetrops Bates, 1872 is synonymized with T. mydas (Lucas, 1859), and a new state record in Brazil is provided. Tybalmia orbis Dillon & Dillon, 1945 is synonymized with T. pupillata (Pascoe, 1859), and a new country record is provided.
Two new species of semiaquatic freshwater crabs of the genera Tortomon and Aiyunamon from karst forests in northern Vietnam (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae)
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , TRI NGO VAN
Published: May 2023

Two new genera of freshwater crabs (Potamidae) are recorded from northern Vietnam, Tortomon Huang, Wang & Shih, 2020, and Aiyunamon Pan, Ng & Sun, 2022. These genera had previously only been reported from southern China and eastern Myanmar. Each genus is represented by a new species. Tortomon distinctum n. sp. is markedly different from its two Chinese congeners in its proportionately wider carapace, more elongate third maxilliped, the carpus of the cheliped being armed only with a low tubercle, possessing relatively more slender and longer ambulatory legs, a gently curved male first gonopod and a more elongate male second gonopod. Aiyunamon vietnamicum n. sp. is distinct from its five congeners in its proportionately less convex dorsal surface of the carapace, relatively lower epigastric cristae, lower rugosities of the postorbital cristae, wider median lobe of the posterior margin of the epistome, relatively narrower male pleon, and a male first gonopod that has the terminal segment more distinctly curved with a wider concavity on the outer margin of the subterminal segment.
A common presentation of uncommon disease – Biliary Fasciola Hepatica
Authors: Yousaf Mian Shah , Kamani Lubna , Fareed Ghulam , Khan Arbab Muhammad Kashif
Published: May 2023

Hepatobiliary fascioliasis is one of the rare but important parasitic infection in endemic areas such as Pakistan. Clinical manifestations overlap with common clinical conditions such as hepatitis and biliary stones causing common bile duct obstruction. Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by a leaf-shaped organism known as Fasciola Hepatica. Humans are accidentally infected by consuming contaminated water or food, especially undercooked cattle and sheep liver or raw green vegetables. We report three cases with similar clinical manifestations presenting in two different cities in Pakistan. After detailed clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations, the diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound and diagnostic and therapeutic cholangiography. Patients were followed till complete resolution of their symptoms and normalisation of liver function tests.
Land Ownership and Well-Being of Women in a Village in Kerala
Authors: Chacko Ann Mary , Scaria Suma
Published: May 2023

This article scrutinises to what extent land ownership improves the well-being of women, focusing on a village in Kerala, a South Indian state known for its land reforms ‘model’ that provided land to the tiller and ownership rights to tenants. However, have these radical land reforms actually succeeded in providing ownership rights to women, thereby contributing to their well-being? We ask in this intensive village study to what extent these admittedly radical land reforms provide adequate land rights to women in Kerala in terms of such ownership translating into absolute and effective rights.
Environmental Law With Non-Human Features in India: Giving Legal Personhood to the Ganges
Authors: Nakazora Moe
Published: May 2023

Against the wider backdrop of a global acceleration of Right of Nature (RoN) legal provisions, this article focuses on recent Indian court cases that created legal personhood for the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, to explore why and how this form of legality was created. Based on anthropological fieldwork, the article then critiques contemporary assertions that simply present the Indian judgments as infiltrations of Hindu cosmology into the legal framework, basically ‘saffronisation’ of Indian environmentalism. Deeper analysis reveals the need for interdisciplinary, historically grounded study of processes of law-making and pertinent court rulings produced in Indian environmental jurisprudence.
Information quality of conversational agents in healthcare
Authors: Liu Caihua , Zowghi Didar , Peng Guochao , Kong Shufeng
Published: May 2023

Artificial Intelligence has found applications in a wide range of fields, including conversational agents designed for healthcare services. The quality of healthcare services greatly depends on the quality of the information provided by the agents. Achieving quality-assured information from conversational agents to support effective decision-making remains as a significant challenge in healthcare. Although prior review studies have shown an interest in investigating the information quality (IQ) of conversational agents in healthcare, no systematic review has been performed to present IQ definitions, factors influencing IQ, and IQ impacts. We conducted a systematic review of 45 articles published up to 2021 to investigate IQ definitions, factors influencing IQ, and IQ impacts in the context of conversational agents applied in healthcare. The findings of this review are integrated into a conceptual framework for the IQ research program in the context of conversational agents in healthcare, which has not been received attention in the literature, guiding future research directions. The present study also discusses implications for both researchers and practitioners to enhance the agents’ IQ and improve the quality of health-related services.
Pharmacological characterization of the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist JNJ-61393215 in healthy volunteers
Authors: Brooks S , Zuiker RGJA , Bleys C , Ziagkos D , Moyer JA , van Nueten L , Bonaventure P , Drevets WC , van Gerven JMA , Salvadore G , Jacobs GE
Published: May 2023

Background:

Up to 40% of patients suffering from anxiety disorders do not benefit from currently available pharmacological treatments. Overactivity of the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) has been implicated in anxiety- and panic-related states.

Aim & methods:

We investigated the pharmacokinetics and characterized the pharmacodynamic (PD) profile of the OX1R antagonist JNJ-61393215 using a battery of central nervous system assessments investigating relevant functional domains such as alertness, attention, (visuo)motor coordination, balance, subjective effects and resting-state electroencephalography in a single ascending dose placebo-controlled study in doses from 1 to 90 mg inclusive, assessing PD up to 10 h after dosing, safety and pharmacokinetic in 48 healthy male subjects.

Results:

Average time to maximal plasma concentration ( Tmax) ranged between 1.0 and 2.25 h; average half-life ranged from 13.6 to 24.6 h and average maximum plasma concentration ranged from 1.4 to 136.8 ng/mL in the 1 and 90 mg groups, respectively. JNJ-61393215 did not demonstrate any statistically significant or clinically meaningful effects on any PD endpoint at any dose investigated at Tmax nor over the total period up to 10 h post-dose and was well tolerated. The reported somnolence rate was 16.7% (which was attributable to the cohorts receiving 6 mg and higher doses) compared to 12.5% in placebo.

Conclusion:

This observation is in line with our knowledge about the OX1R in preclinical studies, where only inconsistent and non-dose-dependent changes in electroencephalography or other behavioural measures were observed under non-challenged conditions, potentially exemplifying the need for a challenged subject.
Questionnaire and structural imaging data accurately predict headache improvement in patients with acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mao Lingchao , Li Jing , Schwedt Todd J , Berisha Visar , Nikjou Devin , Wu Teresa , Dumkrieger Gina M , Ross Katherine B , Chong Catherine D
Published: May 2023

Background

Our prior work demonstrated that questionnaires assessing psychosocial symptoms have utility for predicting improvement in patients with acute post-traumatic headache following mild traumatic brain injury. In this cohort study, we aimed to determine whether prediction accuracy can be refined by adding structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain measures to the model.

Methods

Adults with acute post-traumatic headache (enrolled 0–59 days post-mild traumatic brain injury) underwent T1-weighted brain MRI and completed three questionnaires (Sports Concussion Assessment Tool, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale). Individuals with post-traumatic headache completed an electronic headache diary allowing for determination of headache improvement at three- and at six-month follow-up. Questionnaire and MRI measures were used to train prediction models of headache improvement and headache trajectory.

Results

Forty-three patients with post-traumatic headache (mean age = 43.0, SD = 12.4; 27 females/16 males) and 61 healthy controls were enrolled (mean age = 39.1, SD = 12.8; 39 females/22 males). The best model achieved cross-validation Area Under the Curve of 0.801 and 0.805 for predicting headache improvement at three and at six months. The top contributing MRI features for the prediction included curvature and thickness of superior, middle, and inferior temporal, fusiform, inferior parietal, and lateral occipital regions. Patients with post-traumatic headache who did not improve by three months had less thickness and higher curvature measures and notably greater baseline differences in brain structure vs. healthy controls (thickness: p < 0.001, curvature: p = 0.012) than those who had headache improvement.

Conclusions

A model including clinical questionnaire data and measures of brain structure accurately predicted headache improvement in patients with post-traumatic headache and achieved improvement compared to a model developed using questionnaire data alone.
“It’s Easy to Feel Alone, But When You Have Community, it Makes [College] a Lot Easier”: First-generation Students’ Academic and Psychosocial Adjustment Over the First Year of College
Authors: Azpeitia Jovani , Meza Lazaro Yazmin , Ruvalcaba Sergio A. , Bacio Guadalupe A.
Published: May 2023

Emerging adult, first-generation college students (FGCSs) face academic and social challenges in their adjustment to college. FGCSs are more likely to be students of color and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds who may face particularly difficult challenges when they attend highly selective, predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) that have historically centered White middle-class cultural norms and practices. We used longitudinal, embedded mixed methods to holistically understand the college adjustment experiences of 43 first-year, FGCSs predominantly Latinx and Black students at a PWI. Students participated in focus groups and completed self-report questionnaires three times over the course of their first year of college. We found that evolving interpersonal relationships (with peers, faculty, the institution, and their families) and the institution’s climate were at the core of the adjustment process over FGCSs’ first year of college. While institutional capital posed barriers, the support that FGCSs received primarily from students, staff, and faculty of similar backgrounds positively contributed to participants’ wellbeing and college adjustment. In addition to efforts by PWIs to recruit FGCSs, PWIs need to restructure their systems to deliver on their promised support and provide sustained resources that FGCSs need to adjust to and succeed in college and beyond.
The Matrix of Violence: Intersectionality and Necropolitics in the Murder of Transgender People in the United States, 1990–2019
Authors: Westbrook Laurel
Published: May 2023

It is well established that there are racial and gendered inequalities in murders of cisgender people. However, lack of data has hampered intersectional analyses of these factors for transgender people. Addressing that gap, this article presents findings from an original data set of murders of transgender people in the United States during the 30-year period from 1990 through 2019. Findings reveal that the gender and racial gaps in homicide of transgender people far exceed those of cisgender people. Transgender women are substantially more likely to be murdered than transgender men, and transgender women of color are murdered much more frequently than white transgender women. Attending to sexuality is also important because a substantial number of murders of transgender women occur in sexual interactions. However, transgender women of color are more likely to be killed while exchanging sex for money, whereas sex work circumstances are uncommon among white victims. I explain these patterns through what I term the matrix of violence, a structuring structure in which intersecting systems of stratification interact with necropolitical social institutions to facilitate certain types of violence while deterring others. In the conclusion, I use the findings to explore ways to reduce violence against transgender people.
Flatness-based disturbance observer for condition monitoring of marine power generation units
Authors: Rigatos G , Hamida MA , Abbaszadeh M , Siano P
Published: May 2023

The article proposes a flatness-based disturbance observer for condition monitoring of the integrated power generation system, which comprises a marine turbine and a synchronous generator. It is proven that this power generation system is differentially flat, thus it can be transformed into an input–output linearized form and into the canonical Brunovsky form. For the linearized state-space description of the system, state estimation can be performed with the use of Kalman Filtering (derivative-free nonlinear Kalman filter). Moreover, by re-designing the Kalman filter as a disturbance observer, it becomes possible to estimate disturbances, model uncertainty terms and fault-induced perturbations that affect the power unit. Consequently, model inconsistencies and faulty conditions in the functioning of the marine power unit can be diagnosed.
Three dimensional finite element analysis of biomechanics of osteotomy ends with three different fixation methods after hallux valgus minimally invasive osteotomy
Authors: Xie Qiang , Li Xiaodong , Wang Pei
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Biomechanical study of fixation methods post hallux valgus minimally invasive osteotomy using finite element technology hasn’t been reported. This study aimed to compare maximum displacement and stress distribution of osteotomy ends after minimally invasive osteotomy fixed by bandage, Kirschner wire, Herbert screw.

Methods

Foot CT images of a patient with mild-moderate hallux valgus were collected. Three-dimensional finite element model of hallux valgus was established through CT image. This study simulated bandage, Kirschner wire and Herbert screw fixation, and analyzed maximum displacement and stress distribution of osteotomy ends in plantar flexion position of foot after fixation.

Results

Maximum equivalent stress of osteotomy end fixed with bandage, Kirschner wire, Herbert screw was 7.8615, 14.253, 8.3156 MPa, respectively. Total displacement of osteotomy end fixed by bandage, Kirschner wire, Herbert screw was 0.26,896, 0.022,779, 0.029,195 mm, respectively. Maximum stress of Kirschner wire and Herbert screw near osteotomy end was 154.7 and 46.404 MPa, respectively. Fixation strength and stability of Kirschner wire and Herber screw were better than bandage. Kirschner wire had stress concentration phenomenon, with potential fracture risk. Stress of Herbert screw was evenly distributed around osteotomy end, and there was a certain stress concentration, playing an important role in maintaining fracture end stability.

Conclusions

Herbert screw showed good fixation strength and stability, and stress distribution was uniform, which can well maintain stability of minimally invasive osteotomy ends. Findings of this study would provide a theoretical basis for selection of fixation methods after clinical minimally invasive osteotomy for hallux valgus.
Effect of extrinsic factors on the detection of PRRSV and a porcine-specific internal sample control in serum, oral fluid, and fecal specimens tested by RT-rtPCR
Authors: Munguía-Ramírez Berenice , Armenta-Leyva Betsy , Henao-Díaz Alexandra , Cheng Ting-Yu , Zhang Jianqiang , Rawal Gaurav , Ye Fangshu , Giménez-Lirola Luis , Zimmerman Jeffrey J.
Published: May 2023

We characterized the effect of 1) temperature × time, 2) freeze-thaw cycles, and 3) high porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA concentrations on the detection of PRRSV and a porcine-specific internal sample control (ISC) in serum, oral fluid, and fecal samples using a commercial PRRSV RT-rtPCR assay (Idexx). In study 1, the effect of temperature × time on PRRSV and ISC detection was shown to be specimen dependent. In serum stored at 4, 10, or 20°C, PRRSV detection was consistent for up to 168 h, but storage at 30°C reduced detectable PRRSV RNA. ISC RNA was stable in serum held at 4 and 10°C, but not at 20 and 30°C. In contrast, PRRSV and ISC RNAs in oral fluid and fecal samples continuously decreased at all temperature × time treatments. Based on these data, serum samples should be stored at ≤ 20°C to optimize PRRSV RNA detection. Oral fluid and fecal samples should be frozen in a non–self-defrosting freezer until tested. In study 2, freeze-thaw cycles had little impact on PRRSV and ISC detection, but more so in oral fluids than serum or fecal samples. Thus, freeze-thaw cycles in oral fluids should be minimized before RT-rtPCR testing. In study 3, the ISC was not affected by high concentrations of PRRSV RNA in serum, oral fluid, or fecal samples. It should not be assumed that data from our PRRSV study are applicable to other pathogens; additional pathogen-specific studies are required.
Proponents, Caretakers, and the Dynamics of Administrative Leadership Turnover in U.S. Executive Agencies
Authors: Krause George A. , Byers Jason S.
Published: May 2023

Administrative leader turnover adversely affects the organizational stability of U.S. federal executive agencies, as well as undermines presidents’ policy goals. An incentive compatibility theory of administrative leader turnover is proposed that distinguishes between proponent (policy priority) versus caretaker (non-policy priority) loyalist executive appointees. This theory predicts that the proponents’ tenure will be comparatively more stable since it reflects incentive compatibility for both the president and executive appointee compared to caretakers where such a relationship is lacking. The evidence comports with this logic by demonstrating that appointee loyalty results in a longer tenure in office when their agency constitutes a stated policy priority for the president at the time of agreed upon service compared to when this happens not to be the case. Responsive competence in executive administration requires incentive compatibility that benefits both the president and executive appointees for ensuring stable leadership of U.S. federal agencies.