bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Graphene Nanofluid to Mitigate the Wear of a Diamond Tool in Micro-Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Bai Qingshun , Chen Shandeng , Dou Yuhao , Guo Wanmin , Wang Tingting
Published: July 2023

Diamond tools are extensively used in ultra-precision machining due to their exceptional performance. However, when machining challenging materials like Ti6Al4V, diamond tools experience significant wear due to poor machining properties and catalytic effects. Tool wear not only impacts machining quality but also escalates machining costs and energy consumption. Cutting fluids are commonly employed to mitigate interfacial reactions and suppress tool wear. However, traditional cutting fluids are difficult to penetrate the cutting area and have limited lubrication and cooling capabilities. Therefore, in this paper, a technique combining graphene nanofluid and minimum-quantity lubrication (MQL) is used to suppress diamond tool wear. Firstly, micro-milling experiments for Ti6Al4V alloy are conducted using diamond tools in the graphene nanofluid MQL and under a dry environment. The experimental results show that tool wear is effectively suppressed by graphene nanofluids. Subsequently, the cutting process in both environments (graphene nanofluid MQL, dry) is simulated. The suppression mechanism of graphene nanofluid MQL for diamond tool wear is evaluated from phase transition, atomic transfer process, and amorphous behavior of diamond structure. The simulation results show that the contact characteristics, cutting force, and cutting temperature are improved by graphene nanofluids. Tool wear is effectively reduced. In addition, the removal efficiency of workpiece materials has also been improved. This work provides a technical basis for exploring the application of graphene nanofluids in diamond tool damage suppression and micro-milling.
A Real-World Study Reporting the Use of Foundation Medicine® Testing in Portugal
Authors: Pinto Regina , Schmitt Fernando
Published: July 2023

Foundation Medicine® testing is a next-generation sequence (NGS)-based platform that allows clinicians to obtain the comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of several cancers. By using NGS approaches, relevant genomic alterations can be identified in a short timeframe, providing guidance to diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. This study reports the implementation of three commercially available Foundation Medicine® tests in a Portuguese institution and explores the genomic alterations identified. Data obtained from 72 patients tested with Foundation Medicine® between July 2017 and December 2020 were analysed retrospectively. A total of 290 gene alterations were identified, and TP53 was the gene most frequently altered. Among the 67 successfully profiled samples, 37.3% presented a potentially actionable variation. Breast carcinoma represented the most frequent tumour-carrying variation that can be targeted using currently approved drugs. A limited number of potentially actionable variants using approved drugs was found in this study; however, the genomic information provided by Foundation Medicine® may help clinicians in directing cancer patients into clinical trials or to off-label treatments.
Fabrication of a Hot-Embossing Metal Micro-Mold through Laser Shock Imprinting
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Hao Jingbin , Wang Haoda , Ding Mengsen
Published: July 2023

As a technology for polymer surface fabrication, roll-to-roll hot embossing has been widely used because of its advantages, such as its low cost and high efficiency. However, the metal micro-mold is a major factor that determines the hot embossing of the polymer. In this study, a new metal micro-mold manufacturing method is proposed. The metal micro-mold is produced using laser shock imprinting (LSI) on the surface of metal foil. It has the characteristics of good thermal stability and high strength. During our LSI experiment, the strength of the mold increased after laser shocking. In this study, copper foils of different thicknesses were selected for LSI experiments. Through the analysis of the profile and forming depth of the microstructure, combined with the numerical simulation of the forming mechanism of copper foils with different thicknesses using ABAQUS software(Abaqus 2021), a copper foil with a flat back was selected as the final metal micro-mold. On this basis, copper molds with different microstructure shapes were created. Then, the mold was used in the hot-embossing experiment to manufacture the microstructure on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and to study the fidelity and integrity of the molded microstructure. The deformation resistance of the copper mold under hot-embossing conditions was verified through a nano-indentation experiment. The final results show that the metal micro-mold produced via LSI had a high accuracy and molding stability and has potential applications in the field of roll-to-roll hot embossing.
Preparation, Modification, and Application of Biochar in the Printing Field: A Review
Authors: Li Xin , Zeng Jinyu , Zuo Shuai , Lin Saiting , Chen Guangxue
Published: July 2023

Biochar is a solid material enriched with carbon produced by the thermal transformation of organic raw materials under anoxic or anaerobic conditions. It not only has various environmental benefits including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving soil fertility, and sequestering atmospheric carbon, but also has the advantages of abundant precursors, low cost, and wide potential applications, thus gaining widespread attention. In recent years, researchers have been exploring new biomass precursors, improving and developing new preparation methods, and searching for more high-value and meaningful applications. Biochar has been extensively researched and utilized in many fields, and recently, it has also shown good industrial application prospects and potential application value in the printing field. In such a context, this article summarizes the typical preparation and modification methods of biochar, and also reviews its application in the printing field, to provide a reference for future work.
Lipid Corona Formation on Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles Modulates Uptake and Toxicity in A549 Cells
Authors: Dorsch Anna Daniela , da Silva Brito Walison Augusto , Delcea Mihaela , Wende Kristian , Bekeschus Sander
Published: July 2023

Plastic waste is a global issue leaving no continents unaffected. In the environment, ultraviolet radiation and shear forces in water and land contribute to generating micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPP), which organisms can easily take up. Plastic particles enter the human food chain, and the accumulation of particles within the human body is expected. Crossing epithelial barriers and cellular uptake of MNPP involves the interaction of plastic particles with lipids. To this end, we generated unilamellar vesicles from POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and POPS (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine) and incubated them with pristine, carboxylated, or aminated polystyrene spheres (about 1 µm in diameter) to generate lipid coronas around the particles. Lipid coronas enhanced the average particle sizes and partially changed the MNPP zeta potential and polydispersity. In addition, lipid coronas led to significantly enhanced uptake of MNPP particles but not their cytotoxicity, as determined by flow cytometry. Finally, adding proteins to lipid corona nanoparticles further modified MNPP uptake by reducing the uptake kinetics, especially in pristine and carboxylated plastic samples. In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time the impact of different types of lipids on differently charged MNPP particles and the biological consequences of such modifications to better understand the potential hazards of plastic exposure.
The Influence of Halide Ion Substitution on Energy Structure and Luminescence Efficiency in CeBr2I and CeBrI2 Crystals
Authors: Przystupa Krzysztof , Chornodolskyy Yaroslav M. , Selech Jarosław , Karnaushenko Vladyslav O. , Demkiv Taras M. , Kochan Orest , Syrotyuk Stepan V. , Voloshinovskii Anatolii S.
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the optimum composition of the CeBr1−xIx compound to achieve the maximum light output. It is based on calculations of the band energy structure of crystals, specifically taking into account the characteristics of the mutual location of local and band 5d states of the Ce3+ ions. The band energy structures for CeBr2I and CeBrI2 crystals were calculated using the projector augmented wave method. The valence band was found to be formed by the hybridized states of 4p Br and 5p I. The 4f states of Ce3+ are located in the energy forbidden band gap. The conduction band is formed by the localized 5d1 states, which are created by the interaction between the 5d states of Ce3+ and the 4f0 hole of the cerium ion. The higher-lying delocalized 5d2 states of Ce3+ correspond to the energy levels of the 5d states of Ce3+ in the field of the halide Cl0 (Br0) hole. The relative location of 5d1 and 5d2 bands determines the intensity of 5d–4f luminescence. The bottom of the conduction band is formed by localized 5d1 states in the CeBr2I crystal. The local character of the bottom of the conduction band in the CeBr2I crystal favors the formation of self-trapped Frenkel excitons. Transitions between the 5d1 and 4f states are responsible for 5d–4f exciton luminescence. In the CeBrI2 crystal, the conduction band is formed by mixing the localized 5d1 and delocalized 5d2 states, which leads to quenching the 5d–4f luminescence and a decrease in the light output despite the decrease in the forbidden band gap. CsBr2I is the optimum composition of the system to achieve the maximum light output.
Fluence and Temperature Dependences of Laser-Induced Ultrafast Demagnetization and Recovery Dynamics in L10-FePt Thin Film
Authors: Xie Zhikun , Cai Yuanhai , Tang Meng , Zhou Jielin , Liu Junhao , Peng Jun , Jiang Tianran , Shi Zhong , Chen Zhifeng
Published: July 2023

The fundamental mechanisms of ultrafast demagnetization and magnetization recovery processes in ferromagnetic materials remain incompletely understood. The investigation of different dynamic features which depend on various physical quantities requires a more systematic approach. Here, the femtosecond laser-induced demagnetization and recovery dynamics in L10-Fe0.5Pt0.5 alloy film are studied by utilizing time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr measurements, focusing on their dependences of excitation fluence and ambient temperature over broad ranges. Ultrafast demagnetization dominated by Elliott-Yafet spin-flip scattering, and two-step magnetization recovery processes are found to be involved in all observations. The fast recovery time corresponding to spin–lattice relaxation is much shorter than that of many ferromagnets and increase with excitation fluence. These can be ascribed to the strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC) demonstrated in FePt and the reduction of transient magnetic anisotropy, respectively. Surprisingly, the demagnetization time exhibits no discernible correlation with ambient temperature. Two competitive factors are proposed to account for this phenomenon. On the other hand, the spin–lattice relaxation accelerates as temperature decreases due to enhanced SOC at lower ambient temperature. A semiquantitative analysis is given to get a visualized understanding. These results offer a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic characteristics of ultrafast demagnetization and recovery processes in iron-based materials with strong SOC, highlighting the potential for regulating the magnetization recovery process through temperature and laser fluence adjustments.
Warm Deformation Behavior and Flow Stress Modeling of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy under Tensile Deformation
Authors: Murugesan Mohanraj , Yu Jae-Hyeong , Chung Wanjin , Lee Chang-Whan
Published: July 2023

Constitutive equations were recognized for AZ31B magnesium alloy at higher temperatures and strain rates from conventional empirical models like the original Johnson–Cook (JC), modified JC, and modified Zerilli–Armstrong (ZA) models for capturing the material warm deformation behavior. Uniaxial warm tensile tests were performed at temperatures (50 to 250 °C) and strain rates (0.005 to 0.0167 s−1) to probe AZ31 magnesium alloy flow stress values. Depending on the calculated flow stress, constitutive equations were recognized, and these established models were assessed by the coefficient of determination (R2), relative mean square error (RMSE), and average absolute relative error (AARE) metrics. The results demonstrated that the flow stress calculated by the modified JC and ZA models revealed good agreement against the test data. Thus, the outcomes confirmed that the recognized modified JC and modified ZA models could effectively forecast AZ31 magnesium alloy flow behavior by capturing the material deformation behavior accurately.
Simplified Calculation Model and Experimental Validation of the Force Transfer Ratio of Steel–Concrete Joint of Hybrid Box Girder
Authors: Wang Haibo , Zeng Haozhe , Wu Xun , Yu Fangcong
Published: July 2023

The axial force transfer ratio of steel–concrete joints in hybrid box girder bridges is crucial for bridge design. However, the current standard oversimplifies the transfer ratio distribution coefficients, and both model tests and finite element analysis are time- and labor-intensive. This article proposes a simplified calculation model based on the deformation coordination theory to estimate the transfer ratio of the axial force between the bearing plate and shear connectors of the steel–concrete joint under compression bending conditions. Additionally, a large-scale model (1/5 scale) is established, and the mechanical properties of the steel–concrete joint section under compression-bending conditions are experimentally tested. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed and verified using the obtained test data. Results confirm the favorable mechanical properties and ample safety reserve of the SCJ, with all components remaining within the elastic stage under 1.6 times design conditions. By comparing the axial force transfer ratios obtained from the simplified calculation model and the finite element model, a small difference is observed, validating the reliability of the simplified calculation model. This paper provides a straightforward and efficient method for the design and evaluation of steel–concrete joints in hybrid box girder bridges.
Effects of Film Thickness on the Residual Stress of Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang Yuemin , Li Xingang , Yan Xiangqiao , Dou Shuliang , Li Yao , Wang Lei
Published: July 2023

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films of different thicknesses were prepared by regulating the deposition time (2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 h). The impact of deposition time on the microstructure, surface morphology, and cross-section morphology was investigated. The results showed that the grain size increased with the film thickness. Meanwhile, the influence of film thickness on the residual stress was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. The phenomenon of “compressive-to-tensile stress transition” was illustrated as the thickness increased. The change of dominant mechanism for residual stress was used for explaining this situation. First, the composition of residual stress indicates that growth stress play a key role. Then, the effect of “atomic shot peening” can be used to explain the compressive stress. Lastly, the increased grain size, lower grain boundary density, and “tight effect” in the progress of film growth cause tensile stress.
Enhancing the Plasma-Resistance Properties of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 Glasses for the Semiconductor Etch Process via Alkaline Earth Oxide Incorporation
Authors: Kim So-Won , Lee Hwan-Seok , Jun Deok-Sung , Lee Seong-Eui , Lee Joung-Ho , Lee Hee-Chul
Published: July 2023

To develop plasma-resistant glass materials suitable for semiconductor etching processes, we introduced alkaline earth oxides (ROs) into a Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LAS) glass. Analysis of glass properties with respect to the additives revealed that among the analyzed materials, the LAS material in which Li2O was partially replaced by MgO (MLAS) exhibited the most favorable characteristics, including a low dielectric constant (6.3) and thermal expansion coefficient (2.302 × 10−6/°C). The high performance of MLAS is attributed to the high ionic field strength of Mg2+ ions, which restricts the movement of Li+ ions under the influence of electric fields and thermal vibrations at elevated temperatures. When exposed to CF4/O2/Ar plasma, the etching speed of RO-doped glasses decreased compared with that of quartz and LAS glass, primarily owing to the generation of a high-sublimation-point fluoride layer on the surface. Herein, MLAS demonstrated the slowest etching speed, indicating exceptional plasma resistance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis conducted immediately after plasma etching revealed that the oxidation-to-fluorination ratio of Li was the lowest for MLAS. This observation suggests that the presence of Mg2+ ions in the plasma discharge inhibits the migration of Li+ ions toward the surface, thereby contributing to the excellent plasma resistance of MLAS.
Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low-Carbon Steel at High Temperatures
Authors: Tai Jan Lean , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Łukaszewicz Andrzej , Shahar Farah Syazwani , Tarasiuk Wojciech , Napiórkowski Jerzy
Published: July 2023

On-stream inspections are the most appropriate method for routine inspections during plant operation without undergoing production downtime. Ultrasonic inspection, one of the on-stream inspection methods, faces challenges when performed at high temperatures exceeding the recommended 52 °C. This study aims to determine the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation with known material grade, thickness, and temperatures by comparing theoretical calculation and experimentation, with temperatures ranging between 30 °C to 250 °C on low-carbon steel, covering most petrochemical equipment material and working conditions. The aim of the theoretical analysis was to obtain Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and longitudinal velocity at different temperatures. The experiments validated the theoretical results of ultrasonic change due to temperature increase. It was found that the difference between the experiments and theoretical calculation is 3% at maximum. The experimental data of velocity and decibel change from the temperature range provide a reference for the future when dealing with unknown materials information on site that requires a quick corrosion status determination.
Chaotic Vibration and Perforation Effects on the Sound Absorption of a Nonlinear Curved Panel Absorber
Authors: Lee Yiu-Yin
Published: July 2023

This study is the first to investigate the effect of chaotic vibration on the sound absorption of a curved perforated panel. Previous studies on the effect of nonlinear vibration on the sound absorption of a panel absorber have focused on periodic responses only. In this study, a sound absorption formula was derived by considering the panel impedance and perforation impedance. The numerical integration method was adopted to generate various chaotic vibrational responses, which were used to compute the corresponding sound absorptions. Several interesting findings that have never been observed in any previous studies on acoustic absorption were derived. First, in the chaotic and highly nonlinear cases, as the excitation frequency increased, the corresponding response frequencies decreased. This was opposite to the typical trend in linear cases, in which higher excitation frequencies corresponded to higher response frequencies. Second, in chaotic cases, absorption mainly occurred due to panel vibration effects. This is also in stark contrast to the findings of studies on perforated vibrating panels, in which the absorption effect mainly originates from perforations. Additionally, the absorption bandwidths are much wider and can shift to higher frequencies; however, the peak absorption coefficients were approximately 20% lower than in the case of the perforation effect only. Third, in the quasi-chaotic case, the absorption curve in the case of the perforation effect plus the vibration effect was between the absorption curves of the perforation effect only and the perforation effect plus the vibration effect.
A Multiple Synergic Treatment for Non-Healing Ulcer Management in a Patient with Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome
Authors: Vocca Cristina , Marcianò Gianmarco , Rania Vincenzo , Catarisano Luca , Palleria Caterina , Ciranni Salvatore , Torcia Giuseppina , Serra Raffaele , Monea Francesco , Spaziano Giuseppe , De Sarro Giovambattista , Citraro Rita , Gallelli Luca
Published: July 2023

Klippel–Trenanauy syndrome (KTS) is a rare genetic disease determined by overexpression of the phosphatidylinositol-4-5-bisphosphate 3 kinase catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) gene. The clinical presentation is characterized by venous and capillary malformations and lymphatic malformation. To date, no definitive treatment has been suggested in order to improve the clinical symptoms related to the developments of a skin wound. In this case, we describe a young man with KTS that developed a severe skin wound in the lower right limb unresponsive to the common treatment but responsive to a treatment with oxygen-ozone therapy, pulsed magnetic fields (diamagnetic treatment), and topical fixed association of cocum caprylate, oleic acid, quercetin, and 18-β glycyrrhetinic acid. This is the first case that supports a multistep approach to treat a rare and severe disease, and we hope that other studies can support our data.
Rapid methods for identifying barriers and solutions to improve access to community health services: a scoping review
Authors: Allen Luke N , Azab Hagar , Jonga Ronald , Gordon Iris , Karanja Sarah , Thaker Nam , Evans Jennifer , Ramke Jacqueline , Bastawrous Andrew
Published: July 2023

Background

The advancement of universal health coverage (UHC) is largely based on identifying and addressing barriers to accessing community health services. Traditional qualitative research approaches provide excellent insights but have unfeasibly high resource requirements for most care providers.

Aim

To identify, categorise, and evaluate methods that have been used to identify barriers to and/or solutions for improving access to community-based health services, grounded in engagement with affected communities, excluding approaches that take >14 days.

Design & setting

This was a scoping review.

Method

Following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, a search was undertaken using the Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Global Health, and Google Scholar. An information specialist designed the search, and dual independent review and data charting were used.

Results

In total, 44 studies were included from 30 countries, reporting on 18 different clinical services. Thirty studies used self-described ‘rapid’ approaches; however, the majority of these did not justify what they meant by this term. Nearly half of the studies used mixed- or multi-methods and triangulation to verify early findings. All of the qualitative studies used interviews and/or focus groups, which were often supplemented with observations, document review, and mapping activities. The use of in situ snowball and convenience sampling; community members as data collectors and cultural guides; collaborative summarisation (review of findings with community members and end-users); and deductive framework analysis expedited the research processes. There were no data on costs.

Conclusion

There are a wide range of methods that can be used to deliver timely information about barriers to access. The methods employed in the articles reviewed tended to use traditional data collection approaches in innovative ways.
Lessons in a Box Make a Difference for Head Start Youth
Authors: Kunkel Kelly , Hurtado Ghaffar , Conrad Stephanie , Routh Brianna , Joeng Ju , Harrison Megan
Published: July 2023

This article examines the health education implications of targeted nutrition lesson plans at Head Start programs in south central Minnesota. The Head Start program in Mankato and the University of Minnesota Extension collaborated to deliver and evaluate a nutrition education program directed at preschool children and their families. Nine lesson plans on various nutrition topics were developed and delivered to Head Start preschoolers. The program goals were to increase nutrition-related knowledge among children, improve healthy eating patterns/preferences, and increase physical activity. The evaluation intended to determine program effects and participant changes towards healthy eating habits.
Development of the Guideline to 'Do not Resuscitate' and Ethical Review
Authors: HAN Sung-Suk , KIM Joong-Ho , KU In-Hoe , HONG Suk-Young , LEE Kyung-Sang
Published: July 2023

In Korea, the existence of clear guidelines on DNR(Do Not Resuscitate) has been insufficient. Generally, the procedure is done after assigned doctors and family members subjectively make decisions on DNR. Also, because patients who need DNR have been receiving the procedure inconsistently, the need for clear DNR guidelines is increasing.
Through the research, the main purpose is to develop the guidelines. As the first step of the research procedure, various documentary records and DNR related database were used as references. Secondly, based on the reference, the first draft of DNR guidelines that can be applied to hospital settings was created by our researchers. On the next step, a group of professional experts was invited to review the first draft and rectify any controversial contents. To be specific, the guideline proposal was reviewed and corrected by professionals (doctors, philosophers, lawyers, etc) through 2 meetings by Delphi method. Finally, the draft was sent to Hospital Ethics Committee for a delicate examination. As a result, our guideline draft was ethically and legally acceptable according to the committee. Moreover, ethical issues were examined and discussed to provide deep understanding on the guideline draft.
A Study on Korean's Attitude toward Organ Xenotransplantation*
Authors: KWON Ivo , KIM Hyeon-Cheol , CHOI Kyung-Suk
Published: July 2023

The telephone survey was conducted to investigate the opinions and attitudes of Koreans on organ xenotransplantation. Ten items were developed for this survey. Participants of this study was randomly selected in proportion to 2004 Korean census. Data from five hundred adults were analyzed with SPSS 12.
The results showed that 61.6% of the respondents were positive for organ xenotransplantation while 30.8% of them were negative. After they were informed about benefits and risks, however, 49.0% of the respondents addressed the study on organ xenotransplantation should continue while 42.8% of them indicated the study be prohibited. Approximately fifty three percent of the respondents were against the con-position on organ xenotransplantation based on animal rights, but 44.2% of them agreed with the con-position. In addition, 53.0% of the respondents were for the gene transformation of pigs to obtain organs avoiding human immune rejection response. If organ xenotransplanation is safe, 64.0% of the respondents indicated that they would get the transplantation surgery and 71.0% of the respondents pointed out they would recommend it for their family members and relatives. Male persons are more positive than female on animal experimentation for organ xenotransplantation and the gene transformation of pigs, but 65.7% of male respondents and 58.0% of female respondents were positive for organ xenotransplantation. There were no significant differences according to different religions.
Therefore, we concluded that Koreans have more positive attitudes than negative ones to organ xenotransplantation and animal experimentations to develop organs for that transplantation. However, the change in participant’s attitudes following informed benefits and risks suggests that the key issue is to reduce risks in organ xenotransplantation.
Opinions and Suggestions of Biological Scientists on Research Ethics Education
Authors: Cho Eun Hee , Kim Eunae , Kwon Bok Kyu , Kang Eunhee
Published: July 2023

This study was designed to examine the attitudes of biological scientists concerning research ethics education and the role of government agencies in promoting research ethics. An explanatory letter was sent via e-mail to the members of the Korean Society for Molecular and Cell Biology requesting participants to respond to an on-line questionnaire. Although most respondents claimed to be aware of the main issues in research ethics and the importance of research ethics education, 121 (or 69.1%) of the 175 participants experienced no formal training in research ethics education. The preferred formats for research ethics education among respondents included seminars at research institutes (98 respondents, 56.0%) or college courses at the undergraduate or graduate level (50, 28.6%) for less than 8 hours (117, 66.9%). Data processing and recording (122, 69.7%), authorship (109, 62.3%), and the management of research funds (105, 60.0%) were regarded as the most appropriate topics for education. Sixty-eight respondents (38.9%) reported some experiences with ethical dilemmas in conducting research and 135 (77.1%) showed interest in consulting an ombudsman if available. Chi-square analysis detected significant differences between principal investigators and other researchers concerning specific views on how research ethics education should be implemented in research institutes. To promote research integrity, respondents recommended that government agencies support research ethics education and construct an equitable, reliable, and transparent funding system for research. Jurisdiction and regulatory bodies to investigate research misconduct were also recommended.
Understanding the Complementary Relation between Duty Ethics and Virtue Ethics for Medical Practitioners*
Authors: Choi Woosok
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the ethics of medical professionals and argues that both duty ethics and virtue ethics are required of them. It is argued that Aristotle’s virtue ethics, which emphasizes practical excellence, does not conflict with Kant’s duty ethics, which holds that ethical conduct is justified on the basis of universal rules; instead, these two approaches to ethics are in fact complementary. The validity of this argument is found in the writings of E. Pellegrino, who believes that medical practitioners are necessarily ethical and that ethical practice is based on two things. First, according to Pellegrino, physicians must respond to the suffering of patients. The reason for this comes from our duty to uphold the dignified right of all human beings to be respected without exception and also from Kant’s categorical imperative, which demands that people be treated as ends-in-themselves rather than simply means to an end. Second, if the dignity of all human beings is important, then the dignity, not only of patients, but also that of medical practitioners, must be upheld. Pellegrino proposes virtue ethics, which requires excellence for the purpose of goodness, as a way of preserving human dignity. Thus, the relationship between physicians and patients should be embodied in the best practical wisdom on the basis of defending universal rules. It is the attitude of the practitioner to respond to the needs of the patient, and this response must be implemented with practical wisdom and respect between the practitioner and the patient. In the end, the professional ethics of Pellegrino is a virtue ethic that embraces duty ethics. According to Pellegrino, a physician’s medical practice is a defense of human dignity and a realization of a better life for individuals and communities. Thus, what is required of medical practitioners is both the categorical imperative and practical wisdom (phron?sis).
연명의료결정법에 의해 연명의료결정을 내릴 수 없는 환자에 관한 연구: 보건의료제공자의 경험을 중심으로*,**
Authors: CHOI Jiyeon , JEON Heejung , LEE Ilhak
Published: July 2023

본 연구는 한국의 연명의료결정법에 의하여 연명의료중단등 결정을 내리기 어려운 환자들에 관한 연구로써, 해당 환자들의 현황을 살펴보고 그 범위를 확인함으로써 보건의료제공자가 직면하는 어려움을 명확하게 하는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서는 각 의료기관의 보건의료제공자들이 국립연명 의료관리기관에 질의한 내용을 수집하여 키워드로 분석하였으며, 의료기관 윤리위원회 설치 의료기관 내 담당자에게 연명의료결정과정에서 어려움을 겪은 경험에 대한 설문조사를 시행하였다. 그 결과 국 립연명의료관리기관 질의사항을 바탕으로 진행한 키워드 분석에서는 139개의 키워드와 10개의 범주를 추출하였다. 또한 설문조사의 경우 응답자 중 41.98%가 연명의료결정법 18조에서 제시하는 의사 확인 요건을 충족할 수 없는 환자로 인하여 어려움을 겪은 경험이 있음을 응답하였다. 이 환자들은 연명의료중단등 결정의 시기에 환자가 의사결정능력이 없었으며(82.35%), 의사결정을 내릴 가족이 없었던(85.29%) 경우였다고 답하였다. 본 연구는 위의 연구결과를 토대로 한국의 연명의료결정법에 의하여 의사결정을 내릴 수 없는 환자를 총 4가지 범주로 나누었다. 이는 연명의료결정제도가 포섭하지 못 하는 환자들의 유형을 실제적으로 구성하였다는 부분에 의의를 둘 수 있으며, 향후 제도가 갖추어야 할 법적 대리인의 지정 및 의사결정자 범위 확장의 필요성을 제시하였다.
Influence Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) and Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) on the Stability of Blood Glucose Levels
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Bistara Difran Nobel
Published: July 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) sufferers must do DM management behavior (self-management) to control their Blood glucose levels and prevent complications. To achieve optimal self-management behavior, one of the efforts made is SMBG and DSME. Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) is self-monitoring blood glucose using a glucometer. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is an ongoing process of facilitating the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for diabetes self-care. This study contributes to analyzing the effect of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) and Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) on the stability of Blood glucose levels. The research design used is quasi-experimental. The sample in this study amounted to 40 and was taken using the technique of simple random sampling. Stability of Blood glucose levels using a glucometer measuring instrument. Data analysis using test Wilcoxon Signed-rank. The results of statistical tests on SMBG showed a p-value (0.001), so it could be concluded that there was an effect of SMBG on the stability of Blood glucose levels. Statistical test results on DSME showed a p-value (0.000), so it can be concluded that there is an effect of DSME on the stability of Blood glucose levels. Adherence to structured SMBG allows sufferers to interpret results regarding their activity level and portion size. It motivates them to act on these results for better blood sugar results. DSME components taught to patients can increase patient knowledge and skills and improve patient care that is not correct.
Crystallization of (Hf, Zr)O2 thin films via non-heating process and their application to ferroelectric-gate thin film transistors
Authors: Asuka Takeshi , Ouchi Junpei , Fujisawa Hironori , Nakashima Seiji
Published: July 2023

HfO2-based ferroelectric materials do not necessarily require high-temperature annealing for crystallization, making them attractive for applications in transparent electronic devices on plastic or glass substrate. In this study, (Hf, Zr)O2 (HZO) films prepared via non-heating sputtering are investigated and their application to ferroelectric-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) is demonstrated. The internal tensile stress induced by (In, Sn)O
x
(ITO) top-electrode deposition is found to promote the crystallization of HZO from the amorphous state to the ferroelectric phase. ITO/HZO (15–25 nm)/ITO capacitors prepared via the non-heating process exhibit ferroelectric hysteresis loops with remanent polarizations of 6–9 μC cm−2 and coercive fields of 0.6–1.1 MV cm−1. Ferroelectric-gate TFTs with a 10 nm thick ITO channel are also fabricated via the non-heating process. These TFTs show nonvolatile operation with an on/off ratio of ∼10. These findings demonstrate the potential of HZO for transparent devices on substrates with low thermal resistance prepared via the non-heating process.
Automatic Screen Reader Using JITBIT for Sending Message on WhatsApp Messenger
Authors: Alam Rahmatulloh  , Faisal Muhammad Dzikry  , Rahmi Nur Shofa  , Randi Rizal
Published: July 2023

The current sales trend uses more online transaction concepts. The use of digitalization in online transactions and marketing is very important for businesses in increasing sales results to the maximum and on target. One way to increase this is by promoting on social media such as WhatsApp. Limited consumer contact makes it difficult for business actors to carry out promotions, so a database of consumer contacts is needed that can be maximized. In addition, problems in the process of sending manual messages can be overcome by using automatic message-sending actions so that promotions can be carried out automatically and quickly. The sending process is assisted by an "IF-THEN" statement and a screen that can recognize color conditions so that the automatic action can be operated on other services. The main objective of this research is to create a service that can accommodate consumer contacts by sharing contacts between business actors and being able to send messages automatically on WhatsApp by utilizing JITBIT. The results of this study prove that using JITBIT can send messages automatically on WhatsApp and can be operated on other services such as web-based applications. The results of the tests that have been carried out show that the accuracy level of JITBIT can send messages 100% with a delivery speed of 12 – 12.39 seconds/message
Prediction of Crop Yield Using Machine Learning Approaches for Agricultural Data
Authors: Hazra Simanta , Karforma Sunil , Bandyopadhyay Abhishek , Chakraborty Sayantani , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: July 2023

 In this paper, two crop datasets are investigated.  First one is numerical data which is downloaded crop dataset from   https://github.com/Shrey-B/AV-Janatahack-Machine-Learning-in-Agriculture obtained from US field data collection. The dataset contains 88858 labeled samples, eight features and three classes.  Second one is a collection of crop image data.  This dataset is downloaded from https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/aman2000jaiswal/agriculture .  Crop image dataset contains 1005 samples having five type of images namely maize, wheat, jute, rice and sugarcane. Each sample crop image consists of 224 × 224 pixels) of all category.    
Application of ultrashort implants while treating severe bone atrophy of the posterior maxilla
Authors: Stolov L. A. , Khabadze Z. , Generalov I. M.
Published: July 2023

This case report demonstrates a solution to a long-term problem caused by missing teeth in the distal maxilla and complicated by severe bone atrophy. If a tooth is missing over a prolonged period, bone remodeling and volume loss commonly require bone grafting. Innovative treatment techniques are applicable to the issues occurring in clinical cases of that kind.
Literasi Digital Sebagai Jalan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Sugiarto  , Farid Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Character education is an important component in the framework of developing moral and ethical values in students. In the era of Society 5.0, where digital technology has become an important part of everyday life, digital literacy is an important factor in strengthening character education. Digital literacy refers to an individual's ability to use, evaluate, and actively participate in the digital environment. This study aims to explain the role of digital literacy in strengthening character education in the era of Society 5.0. The research method used is a literature study by collecting data from various relevant sources. This study analyzes the relationship between digital literacy and strengthening character education by considering aspects such as technological knowledge, digital skills, responsible online media behavior, and ethical awareness in the digital world.  The results show that digital literacy can be an effective way to strengthen character cultivation in the era of society 5.0. Through digital literacy, learners can develop values such as honesty, responsibility, empathy, cooperation, and problem solving. Digital literacy can also help learners understand social, economic, and cultural impacts and promote responsible attitudes in their use. In conclusion, digital literacy has an important role in strengthening character education in the era of Society 5.0. By paying attention to aspects of technological knowledge, digital skills, responsible online behavior, and ethical awareness, digital literacy can help learners develop strong moral and ethical values in the use of digital technology. Collaborative efforts between various parties are needed to overcome challenges and ensure effective integration of digital literacy in character education in the era of Society 5.0.
Evaluating the prospects of using gestational diabetes mellitus model to find means of pharmacological correction of the disorders in rat offspring
Authors: Solomina A. S. , Rodina A. V. , Kachalov K. S. , Zakharov A. D. , Durnev A. D.
Published: July 2023

Imbalance of glucose homeostasis in the mother-placenta-fetus system in case of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) leads to pre- and postnatal abnormalities in offspring. Lack of universally recognized GDM-model complicates the search for pathogenetic means to prevent and correct abnormalities in offspring. A model using food load (high-calorie diet) in combination with low doses of diabetogen streptozotocin (HCD-STZ model) seems to be one of the closest in causes, mechanisms of development and clinical findings. Hence, the aim was to work out and assess the suitability of HCD-STZ model of GDM in order to register abnormalities in the offspring and determine the possibility of their pharmacological correction. Rats and its fetuses were the objects of the study. Modeling of GDM involved keeping rats on a high-calorie diet (NCD) for at least 10 weeks followed by a single injection of low-dose STZ on the first day of gestation. The hyperglycemia characteristic of GDM is recorded in less than 40 % of animals in HCD group combined with streptozotocin at a dose of 25 mg/kg. This fact does not allow a reliable assessment of abnormalities of antenatal and postnatal development of offspring. Thus, the model used is not promising for finding means of pharmacological correction of the effect of GDM on offspring.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VICTIMS WITH MINE AND EXPLOSIVE INJURIES DURING MILITARY ACTIONS
Authors: Teslenko S. M.
Published: July 2023

Summary. Mine-explosive injury is a gunshot combined multiple injury that occurs in a person as a result of the impact of the impact factors of the explosion of engineering, mine ammunition and is accompanied by deep and widespread tissue damage and contusion.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the methods of surgical treatment of patients with mine-explosive injuries in the conditions of martial law.

Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 64 patients with mine-explosive injuries were analyzed, 27 (42.2 %) were women, 37 (57.8 %) were men, who were being treated at Dergachiv Central Hospital. All victims underwent surgical interventions depending on the location of the injury, its nature, the severity of the patient, the development of traumatic or hemorrhagic shock.

Results and their discussion. Given that the most frequent type of injuries were wounds of various localization, the most common type of surgical intervention was surgical treatment of wounds. The scope of the intervention depended on the depth and size of the wound, as well as the nature of tissue damage. Surgical manipulations on the chest were performed to eliminate pneumothorax (pneumohydrothorax), pleural puncture was performed or pleural drainage was established. If the Rouvilois-Gregoir test was positive, a thoracotomy was performed followed by suturing of the lung wound. Invasive diagnostic methods, laparocentesis and laparoscopy were performed for suspicion of damage to the organs of the abdominal cavity, with the help of which damage to the organs of the abdominal cavity was excluded. The use of laparocentesis in such situations, although its diagnostic value is lower than that of video laparoscopy, allows to determine the pathological content in the abdominal cavity, which is sufficient to detect life-threatening consequences of abdominal injuries, for example, such as intra-abdominal bleeding.

Conclusions. Victims with explosive lesions require a large number of surgical interventions in various anatomical areas. When providing assistance to victims of an explosive injury, one should be guided by the principles of “damage control”, determining the amount of interventions that should be performed based on vital indications.
A Stability Timescale for Nonhierarchical Three-body Systems
Authors: Zhang Eric , Naoz Smadar , Will Clifford M.
Published: July 2023

The gravitational three-body problem is a fundamental problem in physics and has significant applications to astronomy. Three-body configurations are often considered stable as long the system is hierarchical; that is, the two orbital distances are well-separated. However, instability, which is often associated with significant energy exchange between orbits, takes time to develop. Assuming two massive objects in a circular orbit and a test particle in an eccentric orbit, we develop an analytical formula estimating the time it takes for the test particle’s orbital energy to change by an order of itself. We show its consistency with results from N-body simulations. For eccentric orbits in particular, the instability is primarily driven not by close encounters of the test particle with one of the other bodies, but by the fundamental susceptibility of eccentric orbits to exchange energy at their periapsis. Motivated by recent suggestions that the galactic center may host an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) as a companion to the massive black hole Sgr A*, we use our timescale to explore the parameter space that could harbor an IMBH for the lifetime of the S-cluster of stars surrounding Sgr A*. Furthermore, we show that the orbit of an S-star can be stable for long timescales in the presence of other orbital crossing stars, thus suggesting that the S-cluster may be stable for the lifetimes of its member stars.
Implications of a Possible Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Protons Unveiled by the DAMPE
Authors: Nie Lin , Liu Yang , Jiang Zejun
Published: July 2023

The recent observations revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) proton spectrum showed a complex structure: the hardening at ∼200 GeV and softening at ∼10 TeV. However, so far, the physical origins of this spectral feature remain strongly debated. In this work, we simulate the acceleration of CR protons in a nearby supernova remnant (SNR) by solving numerically the hydrodynamic equations and the equation for the quasi-isotropic CR momentum distribution in the spherically symmetrical case to derive the spectrum of protons injected into the interstellar medium, and then simulate the propagation process of those accelerated CR particles to calculate the proton fluxes reaching the Earth. Besides, we use the DRAGON numerical code to calculate the large-scale CR proton spectrum. Our simulated results are in good agreement with the observed data (including the observed data of proton fluxes and dipole anisotropy). We conclude that the spectral feature of CR protons in this energy band may originate from the superposition of the distribution from the nearby SNR and background diffusive CR component. We find that the release of particles from this nearby SNR has a time delay. Besides, it can be found that the nonlinear response of energetic particles, the release time of CR protons, and age of the local SNR can leave strong signatures in the spectrum of the resulting CR proton fluxes.