bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information System for the Management of Off-Grid Renewable Energy Systems for Decentralized Consumers
Authors: Usacheva Irina
Published: June 2021

The paper studies technical features of managing off-grid renewable energy systems; analyses principles of building a resource-process model of energy supply for a local facility with several energy sources; shows a conceptual scheme of the proposed direct current microgrid; develops a database structure of automated control system of off-grid energy systems in SQL.
Import Phase-Out Policy of the Travel Industry: Current Implementation Conditions and Regional Specifics
Authors: Galenko Elena , Ovcharenko Natalia , Orlovskaia Iuliia , Romantsova Daria
Published: June 2021

Russia has set a tremendous task to implement import phase-out in the country’s travel industry and turn tourism into a competitive, efficient branch of the Russian economy. The implementation of the import phase out policy in tourism takes place in the regions, granting state support, which provides the reducing prices for tourists transport services, forming competitive domestic offers, as well as promoting the existing tourist potential. As a result, the achieved goal of the study allowed us to identify the main conditions necessary for the implementation of the import phase out policy of the travel industry. The hypotheses formed as a result of the study were confirmed. The policy of import substitution of the tourism industry will increase its rating and the level of recognition of its territory, as well as increase the number of domestic and inbound tourist flow, focusing on regional tourist clusters and tourist brands in the region.
Gastronomic Tourism as a Way of Forming Impressions
Authors: Ovcharenko Natalia , Galenko Elena , Orlovskaia Iuliia , Shumakova Elena
Published: June 2021

Since the second half of the 2000s, gastronomic tourism has been the most dynamically growing segment of tourism around the world: up to 1/3 of the tourist’s expenses in the destination are expenses for food and beverage. The importance of gastronomy in the context of the experience economy has grown many times: gastronomy has ceased to be only a function of ensuring the tourist’s stay in the destination, along with accommodation and transport – it becomes the core of the tourist experience, a means of penetrating the history and culture of the destination, receiving the brightest and deepest emotions. Against the background of increasing globalization and ever-greater “seen” by the average tourist, there is a burning out of interest in traditional tourist activities; for example, sightseeing is no longer enough, and tourists require full immersion in the culture of the host country/region, and even more – they want to live a small life like a local, and gastronomic experiences that extend beyond the simple consumption of food are able to meet this exacting demand. The increasing tourist flows and the volume growth of public catering indicate the demand for the gastronomic component of tourism, which, in turn, can be one of the main ways to form impressions.
„Ich möchte nach Hause!“
Authors: Bamberger Maike , Pott Claudia
Published: June 2021

Die Bezugstherapie unterstützt eine 85-jährige, schwer erkrankte Patientin und ihre Angehörigen auf dem Weg zurück ins häusliche Umfeld. Die Autorinnen möchten mit dieser Falldarstellung Mut machen, die Heil- und Hilfsmittelversorgung koordiniert einzusetzen und dabei Pflegende und Bezugspersonen einzubeziehen.
Bewegungsverhalten geriatrischer Patienten während eines stationären Klinikaufenthalts
Authors: Erhardt Tobias , Eichmann Björn
Published: June 2021

Geriatrische Patienten sind häufig von Multimorbidität betroffen und in ihrer Mobilität und Selbstständigkeit beeinträchtigt. Neben der medizinischen Versorgung ist die physiotherapeutische Betreuung ein wesentlicher Bestandteil, um die Lebensqualität bestmöglich zu erhalten. Regelmäßige aktive Bewegung kann dabei zur Verbesserung der Mobilität und der Lebensqualität beitragen. In einer von unserer Arbeitsgruppe durchgeführten Pilotstudie (n = 9), die zum Mobilisationsmanagement geriatrischer Patienten während eines Klinikaufenthalts durchgeführt wurde (MgP-Studie), möchten wir verdeutlichen, wie sich die Problematik in der Praxis abbildet.
Circulating MicroRNA Responses to Postprandial Lipemia with or
without Prior Exercise
Authors: Springer Catherine B. , Sapp Ryan M. , Evans William S. , Hagberg James M. , Prior Steven J.
Published: June 2021

Repeated exposure to a high-fat meal triggers inflammation and oxidative stress,
contributing to the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. Regular exercise prevents
cardiometabolic diseases and a prior bout of acute endurance exercise can
counteract the detrimental cardiovascular effects of a subsequent high-fat meal.
Circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs) are potential mediators of these vascular
effects through regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level.
Therefore, we investigated the expression of ci-miRs related to vascular
function (miR-21, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-146a, miR-150, miR-155, miR-181b,
miR-221, miR-222) in plasma from healthy, recreationally to highly active,
Caucasian adult men after a high-fat meal with (EX) and without (CON) a
preceding bout of cycling exercise. Ci-miR-155 was the only ci-miR for which
there was a significant interaction effect of high-fat meal and exercise
(p=0.050). Ci-miR-155 significantly increased in the CON group at two (p=0.007)
and four hours (p=0.010) after the high-fat meal test, whereas it significantly
increased in the EX group only four hours after the meal (p=0.0004). There were
significant main effects of the high-fat meal on ci-miR-21 (p=0.01), ci-miR-126
(p=0.02), ci-miR-146a (p=0.02), ci-miR-181b (p=0.02), and ci-miR-221 (p=0.008).
Collectively, our results suggest that prior exercise does not prevent
high-fat meal-induced increases in vascular-related ci-miRs.
Validität des „Strukturierten Fragebogens Simulierter Symptome“ [SIMS] bei gesunden Probanden und Patienten mit psychiatrischen Erkrankungen außerhalb eines forensischen Kontexts
Authors: Praus Peter , Schwarz Stefan , Reinhard Iris , Zink Mathias , Dreßing Harald
Published: June 2021

Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Rate falsch-positiver SIMS-Resultate bei gesunden Kontrollprobanden und Patienten außerhalb eines forensischen oder rehabilitativen Kontexts.

Methodik Neben dem SIMS wurden Variablen über Fremdratings (PANSS, Hamilton-Skala, MMSE) erfasst. Zielpunkte waren die SIMS- Scores bei Gesunden und einzelnen Patientengruppen und die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem SIMS-Score und weiteren Variablen.

Ergebnisse Patienten mit einer Schizophrenie (n=30) oder einer Depression (n=32) erzielten im Vergleich mit gesunden Probanden (n=36) häufiger SIMS-Scores >16. Patienten mit einer amnestischen Störung (n=15) schnitten im Vergleich hierzu unauffällig ab. Bei depressiven Patienten mit einem auffälligen SIMS-Resultat zeigte sich sowohl ein signifikanter Zusammenhang mit dem Vorliegen einer weiteren psychiatrischen Diagnose als auch eine Korrelation zwischen den Summenwerten auf der Hamilton-Skala und den Werten auf 2 Subskalen des SIMS (NI, AF).

Schlussfolgerung Weitere Validierungsstudien des SIMS sind erforderlich, sollte dieses Instrument auch künftig in der klinischen Praxis angewendet werden. Die Spezifität des SIMS weist wahrscheinlich eine Abhängigkeit vom Untersuchungskontext auf.
Herbacetin Broadly Blocks the Activities of CYP450s by Different Inhibitory Mechanisms
Authors: Qian Jianchang , Li Yinghui , Zhang Xiaodan , Chen Daoxing , Han Mingming , Xu Tao , Chen Bingbing , Hu Guoxin , Li Junwei
Published: June 2021

Herbacetin is a bioactive flavanol compound that has various pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics have not been thoroughly investigated. Previously, we screened a natural compound library and identified herbacetin as a potent CYP blocker. Herein, we aimed to mechanistically determine the inhibitory effects of herbacetin on CYP450 and its potential application. A human liver microsome incubation system was developed based on a UPLC-MS/MS method. Moreover, an in silico docking assay and a human CYP recombinase reaction system were developed and used to investigate binding affinity and inhibitory efficacy. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of herbacetin and sorafenib on HepG2 cells were assessed by MTT and immunoblotting assays. The concentration of sorafenib and its main metabolite were measured by UPLC-MS/MS after incubation with or without herbacetin. As a result, we found herbacetin almost completely inhibited the functions of major CYPs at 100 µM. Moreover, through analysis of the structure-activity relationship, we found 4-, 6-, and 8-hydroxyl were essential groups for the inhibitory effects. Herbacetin inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2E1 in a mixed manner, but non-competitively blocked CYP2D6. These results are in good agreement with the recombinase reaction in vitro results, with an IC50 < 10 µM for each tested isoenzyme. Interestingly, the stimulatory effects of sorafenib on HepG2 cell apoptosis were significantly enhanced by combining with herbacetin, which was associated with increased sorafenib exposure. In summary, herbacetin is a potent inhibitor of a wide spectrum of CYP450s, which may enhance the exposure of drugs in vivo.
Internal resistive heating of non-metallic samples to 3000 K and >60 GPa in the diamond anvil cell
Authors: Heinen Benedict J. , Drewitt James W. E. , Walter Michael J. , Clapham Charles , Qin Fei , Kleppe Annette K. , Lord Oliver T.
Published: June 2021

High pressure–temperature experiments provide information on the phase diagrams and physical characteristics of matter at extreme conditions and offer a synthesis pathway for novel materials with useful properties. Experiments recreating the conditions of planetary interiors provide important constraints on the physical properties of constituent phases and are key to developing models of planetary processes and interpreting geophysical observations. The laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) is currently the only technique capable of routinely accessing the Earth’s lower-mantle geotherm for experiments on non-metallic samples, but large temperature uncertainties and poor temperature stability limit the accuracy of measured data and prohibits analyses requiring long acquisition times. We have developed a novel internal resistive heating (IRH) technique for the DAC and demonstrate stable heating of non-metallic samples up to 3000 K and 64 GPa, as confirmed by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and simultaneous spectroradiometric temperature measurement. The temperature generated in our IRH-DAC can be precisely controlled and is extremely stable, with less than 20 K variation over several hours without any user intervention, resulting in temperature uncertainties an order of magnitude smaller than those in typical laser-heating experiments. Our IRH-DAC design, with its simple geometry, provides a new and highly accessible tool for investigating materials at extreme conditions. It is well suited for the rapid collection of high-resolution P–V–T data, precise demarcation of phase boundaries, and experiments requiring long acquisition times at high temperature. Our IRH technique is ideally placed to exploit the move toward coherent nano-focused x-ray beams at next-generation synchrotron sources.
Perturbative diagonalization for Maryland-type quasiperiodic operators with flat pieces
Authors: Kachkovskiy Ilya , Krymski Stanislav , Parnovski Leonid , Shterenberg Roman
Published: June 2021

We consider quasiperiodic operators on Zd with unbounded monotone sampling functions (“Maryland-type”), which are not required to be strictly monotone and are allowed to have flat segments. Under several geometric conditions on the frequencies, lengths of the segments, and their positions, we show that these operators enjoy Anderson localization at large disorder.
Sapphire optical viewport for high pressure and temperature applications
Authors: Ockenfels Till , Vewinger Frank , Weitz Martin
Published: June 2021

We describe the design of a soldered sapphire optical viewport, which is useful for spectroscopic applications of samples at high temperatures and high pressures. The sapphire window is bonded via active soldering to a metal flange with a structure of two c-shaped rings made of different metallic materials in between, so as to mitigate thermally induced stress. A spectroscopic cell equipped with two of the optical viewports has been successfully operated with alkali metals in a noble gas environment at temperatures in the range of 20–450 °C at noble gas pressures from 10−6 mbar to 330 bars. In the upper pressure range, we observe a leakage rate smaller than our readout accuracy of 30 mbar per day.
Quantum polyamorphism in compressed distinguishable helium-4
Authors: Kinugawa Kenichi , Takemoto Ayumi
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate that two amorphous solid states can exist in 4He consisting of distinguishable Boltzmann atoms under compressed conditions. The isothermal compression of normal or supercritical fluid 4He was conducted at 3–25 K using the isobaric–isothermal path integral centroid molecular dynamics simulation. The compression of fluid first produced the low-dispersion amorphous (LDA) state possessing modest extension of atomic necklaces. Further isothermal compression up to the order of 10 kbar to 1 Mbar or an isobaric cooling of LDA induced the transition to the high-dispersion amorphous (HDA) state. The HDA was characterized by long quantum wavelengths of atoms extended over several Angstroms and the promotion of atomic residual diffusion. They were related to the quantum tunneling of atoms bestriding the potential saddle points in this glass. The change in pressure or temperature induced the LDA–HDA transition reversibly with hysteresis, while it resembled the coil–globule transition of classical polymers. The HDA had lower kinetic and higher Gibbs free energies than the LDA at close temperature. The HDA was absent at T ≥ 13 K, while the LDA–HDA transition pressure significantly decreased with lowering temperature. The LDA and HDA correspond to the trapped and tunneling regimes proposed by Markland et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 074511 (2012)], respectively. The same reentrant behavior as they found was observed for the expansion factor of the quantum wavelength as well as for atomic diffusivity.
Tunable phononic thermal transport in two-dimensional C6CaC6 via guest atom intercalation
Authors: Lu Shuang , Ouyang Yulou , Yu Cuiqian , Jiang Pengfei , He Jia , Chen Jie
Published: June 2021

The graphite intercalation compounds have attracted wide interest due to the superconductivity. In this work, the thermal transport in bilayer graphene intercalated with Ca atoms (C6CaC6) at room temperature is studied by using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulation results show that the in-plane lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of C6CaC6 is significantly lower than that of the bilayer graphene. The detailed phonon mode analysis reveals that the reduction of κL is because of the mode hybridization and flatbands induced by the intercalated Ca atoms, leading to the decrease in phonon group velocity and the enhancement of phonon scattering. Unlike the role of van der Waals interactions in multilayer graphene and supported graphene, increasing coupling strength between intercalated Ca atoms and graphene brings an enhanced κL in C6CaC6. The spectral phonon analysis uncovers that such anomalous phenomenon is caused by the redistribution of phonon scattering phase space originated from the shift of the flatbands. This study indicates that atom intercalation is an effective way to regulate the heat transport in two-dimensional materials.
Binary mixtures of ionic liquids: Ideal, non-ideal, or quasi-ideal?
Authors: Chakraborty Manjari , Barik Sahadev , Mahapatra Amita , Sarkar Moloy
Published: June 2021

The mixing of ILs provides an opportunity for fine tuning the physiochemical properties of ILs for various applications. However, a suitable mixture having desired properties can only be designed when the physiochemical properties of the mixtures of ILs along with their spectroscopic properties are well understood. With an aim to achieve this objective, three different mixtures with a common anion, namely, [C2C1im][C4C1im][NTf2], [C3C1pyr][C4C1pyr][NTf2], and [C3C1im][C3C1pyr][NTf2], have been investigated in the current study. Investigations have been carried out at the macroscopic level by observing the thermophysical properties, such as molar volume and thermal expansion coefficient, and at the microscopic level with time-resolved fluorescence measurements and the pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The results obtained from the thermophysical study have indicated that excess molar volume for imidazolium-based IL–IL mixtures may be linked to the free volume created by the alkyl chain of the imidazolium cation whereas for the mixture of pyrrolidinium ILs, lowering of density can give rise to free volume. Analysis of time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy data has provided clear evidence in favor of the presence of free volume in the binary mixture of ILs. NMR studies have also supported the fluorescence anisotropy data. The outcome of the present investigation reveals that the mixtures show appreciable deviation from ideal behavior and the deviation from the ideal behavior is caused due to the generation of free volume in the resultant mixture, describing these IL mixtures as quasi-ideal rather than ideal or non-ideal.
Liquid–liquid phase separation in an inhomogeneous ternary colloid–polymer mixture
Authors: Gußmann Florian , Hansen-Goos Hendrik , Dietrich S. , Roth Roland
Published: June 2021

Suspended colloids are often considered as models for molecules, which are sufficiently big so that they can be observed directly in (light) microscopes and for which the effective interaction among each other can be tailored. The Asakura–Oosawa model of ideal colloid–polymer mixtures captures the idea of tuning the interaction between the colloids via a potential, which possesses a range set by the size of the polymers and an attractive strength characterized by the (reservoir) number density of the polymers, which plays the role of an inverse temperature. The celebrated Asakura–Oosawa depletion potential allows one to recreate the bulk phase diagram of a simple fluid by employing a colloid–polymer mixture. This has been verified in theory, by computer simulations, and via experiments. Here, we study the phase behavior of a confined colloid–polymer mixture with two polymer species. The sizes and densities are chosen such that the resulting bulk phase diagram exhibits a second stable critical point within the framework of the classical density functional theory. Our results suggest that a suitably tuned colloid–polymer mixture can be an interesting model system to study fluids with two critical points.
Ultra-coarse-graining modeling of liquid water
Authors: Li Min , Lu WenCai , Zhang John ZengHui
Published: June 2021

It is a great challenge to develop ultra-coarse-grained models in simulations of biological macromolecules. In this study, the original coarse-graining strategy proposed in our previous work [M. Li and J. Z. H. Zhang, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23, 8926 (2021)] is first extended to the ultra-coarse-graining (UCG) modeling of liquid water, with the NC increasing from 4–10 to 20–500. The UCG force field is parameterized by the top-down strategy and subsequently refined on important properties of liquid water by the trial-and-error scheme. The optimal cutoffs for non-bonded interactions in the NC = 20/100/500 UCG simulations are, respectively, determined on energy convergence. The results show that the average density at 300 K can be accurately reproduced from the well-refined UCG models while it is largely different in describing compressibility, self-diffusion coefficient, etc. The density–temperature relationships predicted by these UCG models are in good agreement with the experiment result. Besides, two polarizable states of the UCG molecules are observed after simulated systems are equilibrated. The ion–water RDFs from the ion-involved NC = 100 UCG simulation are nearly in accord with the scaled AA ones. Furthermore, the concentration of ions can influence the ratio of two polarizable states in the NC = 100 simulation. Finally, it is illustrated that the proposed UCG models can accelerate liquid water simulation by 114–135 times, compared with the TIP3P force field. The proposed UCG force field is simple, generic, and transferable, potentially providing valuable information for UCG simulations of large biomolecules.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: June 2021

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials, which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
Translocation and population establishment of
Authors: Milne Cameron , Trueman Stephen J. , Hosseini Bai Shahla , Shapcott Alison
Published: June 2021

Coastal ecosystems are under increasing pressure from land clearing along the east coast of Australia. Methods to mitigate the impacts of land clearing are needed, particularly for locally uncommon plants. In addition, there are significant knowledge gaps about cultivation methods for many wet-heath sedges. Translocation via salvage and relocation of plant populations is often the only viable ex situ, last-resort conservation option for populations threatened by clearing. We aimed to determine if translocation was an effective method for relocating a wild population of Schoenus scabripes, and how the use of organic mulch or a nitrogen-fixing companion plant affected survival, growth and nutrient concentrations of nursery-grown S. scabripes plants. Whole-plant translocation of S. scabripes plants was effective, with 62% survival at 50 months after installation. Survival of translocated nursery-grown plants was 35% at 27 months after installation. Organic mulch improved survival and health of field-established plants; however, companion plants did not improve plant health or survival. Stem and leaf winter potassium concentrations for mulched plants were significantly higher than for other treatments. Our case study demonstrated two establishment techniques for S. scabripes and suggested that whole-plant translocation of mature clumps is more effective than field establishment of nursery-grown plants.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy β-cardiac myosin mutation (P710R) leads to hypercontractility by disrupting super relaxed state
Authors: Vander Roest Alison Schroer , Liu Chao , Morck Makenna M. , Kooiker Kristina Bezold , Jung Gwanghyun , Song Dan , Dawood Aminah , Jhingran Arnav , Pardon Gaspard , Ranjbarvaziri Sara , Fajardo Giovanni , Zhao Mingming , Campbell Kenneth S. , Pruitt Beth L. , Spudich James A. , Ruppel Kathleen M. , Bernstein Daniel
Published: June 2021

Significance

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited form of heart disease, affecting over 1 in 200 people. Mutations in myosin, the motor protein responsible for contraction of the heart, are a common cause of HCM but have diverse effects on the biomechanics of the myosin protein. We demonstrate that complex biomechanical effects of mutations associated with heart disease can be effectively studied and understood using a multiscale experimental and computational modeling approach. This work confirms an important role for disruption of the super relaxed state for one particular HCM mutation and provides an approach that can be extended to aid in the understanding of disease mechanisms for different mutations.
Unifying deterministic and stochastic ecological dynamics via a landscape-flux approach
Authors: Xu Li , Patterson Denis , Staver Ann Carla , Levin Simon Asher , Wang Jin
Published: June 2021

Significance

Characterizing stability and dynamics of ecological systems under fluctuations is a longstanding challenge in ecology. We study the ecodynamics of a forest–savanna model under fluctuations via a landscape-flux theoretical framework from nonequilibrium statistical physics and show that ecological dynamics are determined by both population landscape gradients and steady-state probability fluxes. Savanna and forest states coexist under certain conditions, and a grassland state unseen in deterministic cases emerges under fluctuations. The intrinsic landscape is identified with a Lyapunov function for quantifying global stability of ecological systems. We quantify barrier heights, kinetic paths, and switching rates between stable states. Average flux, entropy production rate, time irreversibility, variances in time traces, and fluctuations serve as markers to quantify onset/offset of bifurcations.
Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm
Authors: Shi Handuo , Westfall Corey S. , Kao Jesse , Odermatt Pascal D. , Anderson Sarah E. , Cesar Spencer , Sievert Montana , Moore Jeremy , Gonzalez Carlos G. , Zhang Lichao , Elias Joshua E. , Chang Fred , Huang Kerwyn Casey , Levin Petra Anne
Published: June 2021

Significance

Bacterial cells constantly face nutrient fluctuations in their natural environments. While previous studies have identified gene expression changes upon nutrient depletion, much less well known is how cellular morphology and cytoplasmic properties respond to shifts in nutrient availability. Here, we discovered that rapid switching of fast-growing
Escherichia coli
cells to nutrient-free conditions results in substantial shrinkage of the inner membrane away from the cell wall, especially at the new pole. Shrinkage was primarily driven by loss of cytoplasmic water content. Shrinkage was also exhibited by cells naturally entering stationary phase, highlighting its biological relevance across starvation conditions. The membrane-spanning Tol-Pal system was critical for robust entry into and recovery from shrinkage, indicating the importance of cell envelope homeostasis.
Presidential leadership styles and institutional capacity for climate policy integration in the European Commission
Authors: Rietig Katharina , Dupont Claire
Published: June 2021

Climate policy integration (CPI) is a key strategy for implementing climate policy action, spanning policy sectors and levels of governance. As a central agenda-setting actor in the EU, we argue that understanding the institutional capacity for CPI inside the European Commission is especially important for understanding the advancement of CPI in the EU overall. We focus on the inner workings of the Commission, and we ask:what role does the leadership style of the Commission President play in advancing institutional capacity for implementing CPI? We assess the institutional capacity for CPI in the Commission during the Barroso and Juncker Presidencies, which display characteristics of bottom-up and top-down leadership styles, respectively. While we do not find that one presidential leadership style is necessarily ‘better’ than the other at enhancing institutional capacities for CPI, we highlight important differences along four key factors, namely: (1) political commitment to overarching climate objectives and to the necessity of implementing CPI; (2) recognition of functional overlaps between policy objectives and compatible beliefs for implementing CPI among policymakers; (3) an opportunity structure for innovative policy development and policy entrepreneurship; (4) and meaningful coordination and consultation mechanisms.
A human mutation in STAT3 promotes type 1 diabetes through a defect in CD8+ T cell tolerance
Authors: Warshauer Jeremy T. , Belk Julia A. , Chan Alice Y. , Wang Jiaxi , Gupta Alexander R. , Shi Quanming , Skartsis Nikolaos , Peng Yani , Phipps Jonah D. , Acenas Dante , Smith Jennifer A. , Tamaki Stanley J. , Tang Qizhi , Gardner James M. , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Anderson Mark S.
Published: June 2021

Naturally occurring cases of monogenic type 1 diabetes (T1D) help establish direct mechanisms driving this complex autoimmune disease. A recently identified de novo germline gain-of-function (GOF) mutation in the transcriptional regulator STAT3 was found to cause neonatal T1D. We engineered a novel knock-in mouse incorporating this highly diabetogenic human STAT3 mutation (K392R) and found that these mice recapitulated the human autoimmune diabetes phenotype. Paired single-cell TCR and RNA sequencing revealed that STAT3-GOF drives proliferation and clonal expansion of effector CD8+ cells that resist terminal exhaustion. Single-cell ATAC-seq showed that these effector T cells are epigenetically distinct and have differential chromatin architecture induced by STAT3-GOF. Analysis of islet TCR clonotypes revealed a CD8+ cell reacting against known antigen IGRP, and STAT3-GOF in an IGRP-reactive TCR transgenic model demonstrated that STAT3-GOF intrinsic to CD8+ cells is sufficient to accelerate diabetes onset. Altogether, these findings reveal a diabetogenic CD8+ T cell response that is restrained in the presence of normal STAT3 activity and drives diabetes pathogenesis.
Full configuration interaction simulations of exchange-coupled donors in silicon using multi-valley effective mass theory
Authors: Joecker Benjamin , Baczewski Andrew D , Gamble John K , Pla Jarryd J , Saraiva André , Morello Andrea
Published: June 2021

Donor spins in silicon have achieved record values of coherence times and single-qubit gate fidelities. The next stage of development involves demonstrating high-fidelity two-qubit logic gates, where the most natural coupling is the exchange interaction. To aid the efficient design of scalable donor-based quantum processors, we model the two-electron wave function using a full configuration interaction method within a multi-valley effective mass theory. We exploit the high computational efficiency of our code to investigate the exchange interaction, valley population, and electron densities for two phosphorus donors in a wide range of lattice positions, orientations, and as a function of applied electric fields. The outcomes are visualized with interactive images where donor positions can be swept while watching the valley and orbital components evolve accordingly. Our results provide a physically intuitive and quantitatively accurate understanding of the placement and tuning criteria necessary to achieve high-fidelity two-qubit gates with donors in silicon.
The analysis of marketing channels and price disparity of shallots in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Purba J A , Supriana T , Maryunianta Y
Published: June 2021

One of the horticultural commodities that is widely cultivated in the province of North Sumatera is shallots. There are 4 districts in North Sumatera which are the centres of shallot production: Samosir, Simalungun, North Tapanuli and Karo. The Objectives of the study is to analyse the marketing channels, price spread, share margin and function of the shallot marketing channel in North Sumatera. The result of this research is that the highest level of disparity in North Sumatera is Channel II in the Karo region with a price difference of IDR. 10,500; selling price at the farmer level IDR. 8,000; selling price at consumer level IDR. 18,500. Meanwhile, the lowest level of disparity is found in Channel I in the Samosir region, with a selling price at the farmer level of IDR. 16,000; and the selling price at the consumer level is IDR. 20,000. The highest level of disparity between marketing institutions in North Sumatera is in channel II in Samosir Regency, which is between the margin ratio of traders and farmers. The lowest level of disparity between marketing institutions in North Sumatera is in channel II in North Tapanuli Regency, which is between the margin ratio of collectors and retailers.
Analysis of organic rice farming income in Kulisusu North Buton District, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Tamburaka I P
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine and analyse the organic rice farming income level the benefit cost ratio between and inhibiting factors in the production process in Kulisusu Village North Buton district. Data were collected through purposive sampling with a total of 40 respondents of organic rice farmers. The results show that organic rice farming income is IDR 28,122,184 or average of IDR 703,054.6 per ha/ harvest season. The return cost ratio (R / C ratio) of 3.65 indicates that R / C > 1, so it is said that organic rice farming is profitable or feasible to be developed or cultivated. Inhibiting factors for organic rice farming, namely capital, seeds, vegetable pesticides, it is expected that the inhibiting factors can be minimized so that farmers can get higher income.
Technical efficiency analysis of rice farmers in Ngawi District, East Java Province
Authors: Saeri M , Lativah E , Antarlina S S , Arifin Z
Published: June 2021

The use of inputs in rice farming which is still based on the experience of farmers influences the level of technical efficiency of farmers. This study aims to analyse the technical efficiency of rice farming in Ngawi District, East Java Province. The method used to analyse technical efficiency is Data envelopment Analysis (DEA) VRS models and tobit regression analysis to determine the factors that influence the technical efficiency of farmers. The respondents used in this study were 88 rice farmers. The results of the study show that there are 60 (68%) farmers who are technically efficient and there are 28 (32%) farmers who are technically inefficient. tobit regression results indicate that there are 6 variables that have a significant effect on technical efficiency including; age, education level, experience, number of families, spacing and quality of seeds. This implies that there is a need for equal distribution of information related to the use of rice production inputs.
Farm analysis and development strategy of strawberry farming (case: Dolat Rayat District, Karo Regency)
Authors: Pinem N F , Nasution S K H , Gunawan R
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the farming management system, to analyse the income, feasibility, and development strategy of strawberry farming in Dolat Rayat District, Karo Regency. The analysis method used is the descriptive method, income analysis, feasibility analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the strawberry farming management system in the study area was not as recommended. The income of the strawberry farmer is IDR. 74,255,470 / Hectare /Year. Analysis results R/C Ratio is 2.296 > 1 so the strawberry farming is feasible to continue. Development strategies that can be applied to strawberry farming are increasing the availability of land and agro-climate, utilizing available labour and production inputs to increase production so that demand for strawberries increases and the market for strawberries widens then conducts training from the government and looks for support institutions for strawberry farming to increase experience and mastery of technology that can increase production results.
Analysis of the feasibility of a polyculture pond business (tilapia – tiger shrimp – crab) (case: Belawan Sicanang Village, Medan Belawan, Medan City)
Authors: Khairini R , Supriana T , Sebayang T
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the management system of the polyculture pond business, to analyse the revenue and income of the polyculture pond business, and to analyse the feasibility of a polyculture pond business. The methods of analysis used are descriptive, income analysis, and feasibility analysis. The results showed that the management system of the Polyculture Pond Business was carried out using a semi-intensive system with mixed methods in same pond, the production costs incurred by per hectare were IDR 20,110,213/6 months, all expenses are used together, with revenue of IDR 34,944,000/6 months, the income received is IDR 14,833,787/6 months and the value of R/C is 1.73.
Paddy-fish integrated agricultural system to increase income and food security
Authors: Hasbi  , Tunggal T
Published: June 2021

Paddy-Fish integrated system has been applied by Indonesian farmers. They practiced diversification farming in correlation to get more benefit and minimized risk. The objective of this research was to analyse technical and economical feasibility of paddy-fish integrated system at lowland rice field. This research used the experimental field method. Fish pond was created surrounded the rice field with 3 m in width and 0,5 m in depth where the fish was grown for 4 months. Fishes were fed till they stopped eating. Economical analysis was calculated by comparing between paddy-fish farming system and paddy farmer only. The results of project analysis showed that farmer that grew paddy got a NPV value of IDR 14,925,987 and B/C value of 1.63 so that both were suitable to cultivated. At the same area of 840 m2 the income was IDR 4,773,000 while income of paddy cultivation was IDR. 675,000. There was an extra income of IDR 4,098,000 (33.94 %) when farmer applied paddy-fish cultivation and also minimized a risk if a part of the component failed.
Marketing efficiency of curly red chilli in Karo District
Authors: Kaban M C , Iskandarini  , Supriana T
Published: June 2021

The problem with chilli commodity is the high price fluctuation and unequal price difference at the producer farmer level and the price at the consumer level. This is because the trade chain passed from producers to consumers is quite long, involving many actors, and becoming a cost burden in the marketing process which will ultimately reduce the profit of the marketing chain. This study aimed to see the current description of the curly red chilli marketing channel and to analyse the efficiency of each marketing channel based on marketing margin and farmer’s share. This study used a descriptive analysis method, in which qualitative data was used to analyse the established marketing channels and quantitative data were used in analysing the operational efficiency of marketing using Microsoft Excel 2007 and data tabulation. The results showed that there were 3 marketing channels of curly red chillies commonly passed by farmers in Karo Regency, namely: 1. Farmers →Brokers → Collectors → Retailers → Final Consumers, 2. Farmers → Collectors → Retailers → Final Consumers, 3. Farmers → Brokers → Collectors → Retailers → Final Consumers. Channel II is more efficient because it is used by 52.81% of farmers.
Corn processed product development strategy in SMES industry in Gorontalo Province (Limboto Lake Flavour Shirmp Corn Stick at SMES Barakati)
Authors: Hasan A M , Halid A , Hasdiana
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this study are to identify external and internal factors for the barakati IKM, and to analyse the development strategy of limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks carried out by IKM which is located in Barakati Village. The research location is located at IKM Barakati, Barakati Village. the research method uses survey methods and the types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique or deliberate approach and data analysis in the study used SWOT analysis. The results of the study were the factors that influence the development strategy of limboto lake prawn-flavoured corn sticks in Barakati IKM, Barakati Village, Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, namely labour (HR), capital (financial resources), marketing of limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks, para. customers and the existence of strong competitors in the world of the food business. The strategy of developing limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks in Barakati Village, Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, which is in quadrant I which supports the progressive strategy or SO (strenght - opportunity) by using the strengths and opportunities you have to minimize the weaknesses and threats that exist so as to achieve progress.
Marketing analysis of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (case: Belawan Sicanang Village, Medan Belawan District, Medan, North Sumatra)
Authors: Rais R R , Supriana T , Sebayang T
Published: June 2021

Shrimp is an important export commodity in North Sumatra. Demand for shrimp will continue to increase with the increasing need for consumption and industrial needs such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The difference in prices at the farmer level with market prices and export prices, and fluctuations of price are faced by shrimp farmers. The objectives of the research are to examine the marketing channel, marketing function, marketing costs, marketing margin, share margin, price spread and the obstacles faced in marketing. The research area is determined purposively in Sicanang Village. The sampling method used is a census, with 37 sample size. Quantitative and qualitative analysis are used to analysis. The results showed that there are 3 marketing channels in the area, and farmers perform 6 marketing functions, while collector traders and retailers perform 8 marketing functions. There is a difference in price and share margin in each channel. Price in channel I is highest while share margin of farmers in channel III is highest. The lack of seed fires and infrastructure, unorganized cooperatives, wet weather during the rainy season, waste from Electric Steam Power Plant Industry, the fluctuation of selling price are the obstacles faced in the research area.
Market structure of abalone (Haliotis asinina) in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Taridala S A A , Nursavista R , Saediman H , Limi M A , Salam I , Gafaruddin A , Patadjai A B
Published: June 2021

Abalone is one type of shellfish that has high economic value. This study aimed to assess market structure of abalone. The study was carried out in Bajo Bahari Village in Buton District, and Bau-Bau Municipality. Respondents consisted of 30 abalone catchers in the village, and three village abalone collectors (VACs) and two inter-island abalone traders (IATs) selected using snowball sampling method. Data were collected first in February 2015 and in May 2020 during Covid-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Market structure was identified through assessment of the nature of competition based on the number of buyers and sellers, product differentiation, and entry and exit barriers. Study results showed that market structure exhibits oligopsony, in which the number of producers are more than that of village collectors, product differentiation is absent, and there exist some barriers to entry for village collectors. During Covid-19 pandemic, fishermen stop catching wild abalone, so there are still no more products to be marketed.
Impact of diversification of CPO to biodiesel on financial performance and stock price of palm oil plantation company
Authors: Ayu S F , Verawati  , Supriana T
Published: June 2021

Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether there were differences in financial performance and stock prices of oil palm plantation companies before and after the policy mandatory of CPO diversification into biodiesel. The financial ratios analysed consist of: Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Return On Equity, and Return On Asset. To answer these objectives, the were conducted Paired Sample t-Test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. This research resulted that Current Ratio negative shows significant differences at PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Tbk. and positively significant at PT London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk. Debt to Asset Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio show significant negative differences in PT London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk. and positively significant at PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk. Net Profit Margin shows a significant positive difference at PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk. Return on Equity Ratio and Return on Asset Ratio show significant negative differences in PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Tbk. The policy mandatory of CPO diversification into Biodiesel doesn’t show a significant difference to the share price for the period 2004-2013.
Indonesian consumers’ awareness towards organic coffee
Authors: Khaliqi M , Pane T C , Gurning H R H , Novanda R R
Published: June 2021

Organic farming is growing. Consumers’ knowledge of environmental friendly products and consumer awareness of health have caused the market for agricultural products to start growing in Indonesia. Initially, agricultural products were in food crops and horticulture. However, the market growth has resulted in several agricultural products in the plantation sector, such as coffee, which have started the organic coffee certification process. This study aimed to analyse the factors influencing the awareness level of Indonesian consumers towards organic coffee. Respondents in this study assessed 766 samples. Respondents were s elected using accidental sampling technique. Furthermore, the respondent’s data were processed using structural equation model. The results showed that health factors, environmental factors and supporting factors for local farmers had a significant effect on the awareness of Indonesian consumers towards organic coffee. Although some of these factors influenced the awareness of consumers towards organic coffee, the awareness level of coffee consumers towards organic coffee was still relatively low, only 17.89% of respondents were able to show the right organic certification logo.
Forecasting evapotranspiration equation based on Hargreaves Evapotranspiration Method for Semangat Village, Merdeka Sub-district, Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ichwan N , Nasution D L S , Sartiva H , Daulay S B
Published: June 2021

Providing water according to plant water requirement is a problem faced by many farmers because it’s related to cost of production and water scarcity. Some methods of calculating evapotranspiration are very difficult for farmers to use because they require some meteorological data. Simplifying the use of calculation equation is needed to make it easier for farmers to determine plant water requirements. The aims of study were to forecast evapotranspiration equation based on Hargreaves Evapotranspiration Method for Semangat Village. The methods divided two steps, they were observing potential evapotranspiration using Hargreaves Evapotranspiration method, and forecasting evapotranspiration equation. The results show potential evapotranspiration (ETo) in Semangat Village were 2.9 – 7.1 mm/days during January until July, 2020. Forecasted evapotranspiration equation for Semangat Village y = 0.444x – 4.0964 with R2 = 0,435 for daily average temperature, y = 0.2265x – 1.9029 with R2 = 0.8518 for daily maximum temperature, and y = -0.2137x + 8.6148 with R2 = 0.1361 for minimum temperature. The conclusion shows that the formula y = 0.2265x – 1.9029 where x is daily maximum temperature is the best formula which can be used to forecast evapotranspiration in Semangat Village, Merdeka Sub-district, Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia.