bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Praktik Kehidupan Moderasi Beragama di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri di Indonesia
Authors: Basid Abdul , Halimi Halimi
Published: July 2024

The life of religious moderation is an important issue to grow in educational institutions, especially universities because of the vulnerability of infiltration of radicalism and extremism. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the practice of religious moderation in State Islamic Religious Universities. This study is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The population of this study were three State Islamic Religious Universities located in East Java, namely Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, dan Universitas Islam Negeri KH Achmad Siddiq Jember. Data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation. The data is verified through the technique of increasing persistence, triangulation, and discussion. Data were analyzed by means of horizontalization, data reduction, second stage of data collection, and final identification. The results of this study indicate that three State Islamic Religious Universities located in East Java implement the values of moderation in the Al-Qur'an and Hadith, prioritizing the principles of deliberation, fairness, freedom and human rights, tolerance, openness, dialogue and avoiding excessive fanaticism, apply the principles of ease in religion, balance, and being pluralistic and consultative as well as creating stability. The results of this study prove that the practice of religious moderation in State Islamic Religious Universities can build a moderate educational paradigm as a solution in fostering understanding and moderation behavior in Indonesia.
Living Life As a Niqab and Sirwal User: From Power Relations to Stigma
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad Maulana
Published: July 2024

This research departs from the widespread stigmatization experienced by those who wear the niqab and sirwal. Society views this attribute negatively because one of them is the actions of terrorists, suicide bombers and others, who carry out their actions using a niqab or sirwal. So this study aims to explore the experiences of the niqab and sirwal users in the private sphere, such as the family and the public sphere in society. To see these two contexts, this study uses the perspective of power relations theory from Michel Foucault and the Stigma concept from Erving Goffman. Meanwhile, methodologically, this study uses a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of the niqab and sirwal users. The findings in this study are that women who wear the niqab in power relations with their parents experience discrimination and social control regarding their attributes. In contrast to sirwal users, who are more liberated by their families in using attributes. Meanwhile, in the public sphere, niqab women again experienced verbal harassment from the public, unlike sirwal, who never experienced harassment. In this case, a woman wearing a niqab is verbally abused not only because she wears a niqab but because she is a woman who is considered inferior in a patriarchal society. In addition, in this case, niqab women experience double discrimination in private and public spaces.
Gidecen/Gidecek min/Gidecek misin?
Where Turkish Cypriots Think Dialect Variation Is Going
Authors: Walter Mary Ann
Published: July 2024

This study is a first look at the public perception of variation in Cypriot Turkish by young adult Turkish Cypriots. Young adult Turkish Cypriots indicated their opinions on a map and in comments. All asserted that regional variation within Cypriot Turkish does exist, despite ongoing dialect levelling. Variation is primarily attributed to each of the main urban centers of the area and is largely associated with differing positions along the continuum between Cypriot and Standard Turkish. The amount of Greek vocabulary is also identified as a source of variation.
«Che ideale sepoltura in quegli abissi»: poetica e autorappresentazione nella poesia di Vittoria Aganoor attraverso la figura di Saffo
Authors: Panizzolo Andrea
Published: July 2024

This article aims to study the characteristics of Vittoria Aganoor’s poetics and philosophy by focusing on the ways in which the poetic self is represented using the figure and myth of Sappho. The investigation will be carried out through the study of two poems, “Tentazione” and “L’ultimo canto di Saffo”, written in two different periods: the former published in Leggenda eterna, Aganoor’s debut collection, and the latter among the scattered verses published posthumously in Poesie complete. After considering the presence of Sappho in Italian letters between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with special attention to multiple associations with women writers, what is deduced from the analysis of the two poems will be placed in relation with some of Aganoor’s correspondence and with the well-known reading at the Collegio Romano to trace leitmotivs and impressions concerning the metapoetic discourse of the Paduan poet, between self-representation and programmatic reasoning.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EATING DISORDER SYMPTOMS, SELF-ESTEEM, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN EMERGING ADULTS
Authors: Soyuk Gökçe Nur , Emanetoğlu Eda , Bilgin Esra , Güme Sena
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-esteem between eating disorder symptoms and psychological well-being in emerging adults. The study group consists of 272 individuals, aged 18–29, 183 [67.3%] females and 89 [32.7%] males. Socio-demographic data form, anthropometric measurements, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q-13)-Short Form, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale were used as data collection tools. The proposed model was tested using bootstrapping and structural equation modeling. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between self-esteem and psychological well-being (r=.76, p
Model Kirkpatrick Sebagai Metode Mengukur Hasil Pelatihan Responsibility Dalam Berorganisasi
Authors: Handayani Nanik , Humaira Hani Fadilah , Firnando Jefri , B Jauchar , Suhendra Adi , Malik Dhea Ananda
Published: July 2024

Masa remaja merupakan fase bagi tiap individu mempelajari banyak mengenai kehidupannya. Tidak jarang beberapa individu mengalami kesalahan dalam belajar dan membuat kenakalan remaja. Lepas dari tanggung jawab menjadi salah satu dari bentuk kenakalan remaja. Lepas dari tanggung jawab menjadi salah satu dari bentuk kenakalan remaja. Pelatihan dilaksanakan dalam upaya meningkatkan tanggung jawab dalam berorganisasi. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini yaitu mendorong siswa MAN 1 Samarinda meningkatkan sikap tanggung jawab dalam organisasi OSIS dan tugas tugas akademik. Metode pelatihan meliputi ice breaking, ceramah, dan diskusi serta dievaluasi menggunakan model 4 level kirkpatrik yang terdiri dari reaksi, kognitif, perilaku, dan hasil. Hasil dari pelatihan ini yaitu yang didapatkan dari pre-test sebesar 2872, kemudian untuk hasil skor keseluruhan dari post-test sebesar 2892. Maka penulis dapat simpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dan signifikan di antara hasil belajar yang ditampilkan pada hasil pre-test dan post-test. Implikasi dari pelatihan ini peningkatan produktivitas, perubahan sikap, peningkatan kemampuan, pengurangan individu yang tidak bertanggung jawab dalam organisasi serta implikasi juga dapat memicu penelitian baru yang perlu didalami.Adolescence is a phase for each individual to learn a lot about life. It is not uncommon for some individuals to experience mistakes in learning and create juvenile delinquency. Escape from responsibility is one of the forms of juvenile delinquency. Disengagement from responsibility is one of the forms of juvenile delinquency. The training was carried out in an effort to increase responsibility in the organisation. The purpose of this training is to encourage MAN 1 Samarinda students to improve their attitude of responsibility in the student council organisation and academic assignments. The training methods included ice breaking, lectures, and discussions and were evaluated using the 4-level kirkpatrik model consisting of reaction, cognitive, behaviour, and results. The results of this training were obtained from the pre-test of 2872, then for the overall score of the post-test of 2892. Then the author can conclude that there is a real and significant difference between the learning outcomes displayed in the pre-test and post-test results. The implication of this training is increased productivity, attitude change, increased ability, reduction of irresponsible individuals in the organisation and implications can also trigger new research that needs to be explored.
Psikoedukasi untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Tentang Bahaya Kecanduan Games Online Pada Remaja
Authors: Putrianti Flora Grace , Wijayanti Astuti , Listiyani Laily Rochmawati
Published: July 2024

Permainan games online sudah tidak asing lagi di kalangan anak-anak sampai dengan remaja bahkan orang dewasa sekalipun. Remaja sudah seharusnya mempunyai pengetahuan tentang bahaya dari game online tersebut namun mereka tetap memainkan game online bahkan ada yang sampai kecanduan. Kebiasaan ini mencerminkan perilaku yang negatif sehingga mereka tidak dapat melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari dengan baik. Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk memberikan edukasi bagi remaja agar memahami bahaya kecanduan games online. Metode yang digunakan adalah psikoedukasi jenis information model melalui ceramah, diskusi, dan tanya jawab. Peserta adalah Remaja Islam Kanggotan (REMIKA) di Kanggotan RT 08 Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta. Kegiatan ini dihadiri oleh 33 orang peserta dari usia Sekolah Dasar sampai Perguruan Tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil diskusi dan tanya jawab pada saat kegiatan berlangsung dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian dari remaja belum mengetahui tentang kecanduan games online dan bahanya bagi kehidupan mereka. Hasil pengabdian ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan pada remaja mengenai bahaya games online dan membangun kesadaran untuk melakukan pencegahan sedini mungkin kecanduan games online di Kanggotan Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta. Online games are familiar to children, teenagers, and even adults. Teenagers should have knowledge about the dangers of online games but they still play online games and some are even addicted. This habit reflects negative behaviors so that they cannot do their daily activities properly. The purpose of this service is to provide education for adolescents to understand the dangers of online game addiction. The method used is information model psychoeducation through lectures, discussions, and questions and answers. The participants were Kanggotan Islamic Youth (REMIKA) in Kanggotan RT 08 Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta. This activity was attended by 33 participants from elementary school to university age. Based on the results of discussions and questions and answers during the activity, it can be concluded that some teenagers do not know about online game addiction and its consequences for their lives. The results of this service can increase knowledge in adolescents about the dangers of online games and build awareness to prevent online game addiction as early as possible in Kanggotan Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta.
POLITICAL PRACTICES AND EXPERIMENTS OF ETHNIC SEPARATION OF UKRAINIANS OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION IN THE 1930s
Authors: Костючок Петро ,   Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника
Published: July 2024

The goal of the work is to analyze political practices and experiments of ethnic separation of Ukrainians of the Carpathian region in the 1930s in the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The methodology is based on the use of general scientific and special historical methods. Based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, critical evaluation of sources, methods of analysis and synthesis, ethnological methods are widely used in the research: comparative-historical, analytical-typological. Scientific novelty. On the basis of domestic and foreign archival sources and scientific literature, an attempt was made to substantiate the peculiarities of Polish ethnopolitics regarding the separation of Hutsuls, Lemkos, and Boykos as representatives of separate regional nations/ethnic groups from Ukrainians with the aim of their separation, assimilation, and denationalization. Conclusions. In the 1930s, the state ethnopolitics of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was aimed at building the loyalty of representatives of national minorities to Polish statehood, denying and eradicating any manifestations of Ukrainianness. The strengthening of the policy of state separation and assimilation was facilitated by the adoption of laws, the formation of associations, and the promotion of scientific theories of the ethnic separateness of the Ukrainian population of the Carpathian region. The bright identity of the Ukrainian culture of the mountain population of the Carpathians was emphasized by the Poles in order to separate them from the Ukrainian people. The Society of Friends of Hutsul Region, the Society for the Development of Eastern Lands, the Union of the Farm Nobility, and the Apostolic Administration of Lemkiv Region were important tools for the practical implementation of the policy of regionalism. The activism of the Polish authorities regarding the denationalization of the Carpathian Ukrainians mobilized the Ukrainian political leadership to socio-political opposition, the development of its own national position by conducting public and political work on the ground, intensifying the activity of national cultural and educational societies, holding patriotic events and alternative holidays.
The effects of ZnO-insulin nanoparticles on some oxidative stress biochemical and physiological markers in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes
Authors: Hanan Sajjad AL-Iedani  , Jafar Abass Issa Al-Maamori  , Ahmed Mahdi Rheima
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on nanomaterials, particularly in the realm of medical applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely recognized as a significant class of oxides of metals due to their inherent structural stability, little toxic effects, and ability to maintain cellular integrity. One of the most important medicinal uses of zinc oxide is medication administration. Twenty-four male albinos’ rats were randomly separated into four groups. Control group, diabetic group, diabetic group treated with insulin, and diabetic group treated with ZnO NPs loaded with insulin. The rats were given medication for 28 days. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats with blood sugar levels more than 250 mg/dL by administering alloxan intraperitoneally at a dose of 120 mg/kg. The nanoparticles' physicochemical properties were investigated using a variety of analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectral analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The data revealed significant increases in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and total oxidative stress (TOS) as well as a notable decrease in body weight and catalase levels, in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control group (P< 0.05). Compared to control groups, ZnO NPs loaded with insulin lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and TOS on the other hand increase body weight and catalase levels. The results of our study indicate that the use of photo-synthesized ZnO-NPs in combination with insulin showed noteworthy antidiabetic benefits when compared to the control groups.
أثر أستراتيجية الدليل المقنع في إكتساب المفاهيم النَحْوِيّة لدى طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط وانهماكهن الأكاديمي
Authors: سرى مؤيد فاضل أ.م.د. , . زينة سالم محيي أ.م.د
Published: July 2024

يهدف البحث إلى تعرف اثر إستراتيجية الدليل المقنع في اكتساب المفاهيم النحوية و الانهماك الاكاديمي لدى طالبات الصف الثاني  المتوسط ولتحقيق ذلك استعملت الباحثتان  التصميم التجريبي ذا الضبط الجزئي واختارتا عشوائيا عينة من طالبات الشعبة (ا) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس على وفق استراتيجية الدليل المقنع, ومثلت الشعبة (ب) المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس بالطريقة التقليدية، و بلغ عدد الطالبات (60) طالبة بواقع (30) طالبة في كل مجموعة. وبعد ذلك تم مكافأة المجموعتين في المتغيرات: العمر محسوبا بالاشهر, والذكاء, والمعرفة السابقة . واعدت الباحثتان أداتي البحث اختبار اكتساب المفاهيم النحوية  ومقياس لام واخرون (LAM ETAL,2014), لقياس الانهماك الاكاديمي وتم التحقق من صدق  و ثبات الاداتين، ولاستخراج النتائج استعملت الباحثتان اختبار  (T-test)  لمعالجة البيانات احصائيا وأظهرت النتائج تفوق المجموعة التجريبية التي درست على وفق  استراتيجية الدليل المقنع في اكتساب المفاهيم النحوية و الانهماك الاكاديمي .
بناء اختبار تحصيلي محكي المرجع في مادة الاختبارات والمقاييس وفق نموذج راش
Authors: علي عباس شنان الزاملي م.
Published: July 2024

هدف البحث إلى استعمال الأنموذج اللوجستي إحدى المعلم  في بناء اختبار محكي المرجع في مادة الاختبارات والمقاييس على وفق نظرية  الاستجابة  للفقرة  ،حيث تم بناء اختبار تحصيلي مؤلف من (40) فقرة  مــــــن نوع الاختيار من متعدد من خمسة بدائل، يقيس تحصيل الطالب في الاختبارات والمقاييس  طبقاً على أفراد عينة البحث البالغ عددهم (١٥٠) طالباً وطالبة .ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث تحقق افتراضات  نظرية الاستجابة للفقرة  في بيانات الدراسة ،وكذلك مطابقة الاستجابات عن (40) فقرة  من فقرات الاختبار لافتراضات النموذج اللوجستي أحادي المعلم ،وحذفت فقرتين ،لم  تطابق النموذج ،وحذف(5) فردا غير مطابقين للنموذج، كما بينت النتائج المتعلقة  بتقديرات معامل الصعوبة انها كانت مقبولة  ضمن  المحكات التي أوردتها أدبيات القياس التربوي ،وأسفر التحليل الإحصائي عن اختبار جيد يتمتع بمظاهر متعددة من الخصائص السيكومتريه(الصدق) وبثبات(0،78) لفقرات الاختبار  و (0،80) لقدرات الأفراد .
أهل البيت(عليهم السلام) في بعض كتب التفسير
Authors: منى علي حسين م.م.
Published: July 2024

تمثل ثقافة القرآن الكريم المرجعية الرئيسة لثقافة أهل البيت(عليهم السلام)؛ ولهذا لا يمكن إغفال هذا الحضور، وعلى الرغم من أنهم الشمس المشرقة إلا أنَّ الكثير من الأقلام المأجورة حاولت إخفاء الكثير من معالمهم إلا أن الباطل كان زهوقاً، ولقد بيَّن البحث في مهاد نظري مفهوم أهل البيت(عليهم السلام) وبعض آراء اللغويين فيها، من ثم تحدث بمبحثين أوجزت الأول عن أهل البيت درس قرآني، وجاء المبحث الثاني مكارم أهل البيت ووظائفهم القرآنية، من ثم سجلت عدد من النتائج التي توصل لها البحث.
Video-Administered Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Comparison with a Text-Based Format
Authors: Strojil Adam , Cígler Hynek
Published: July 2024

Short videos have become popular online content. This study experimentally examined the feasibility of presenting items of an online psychological questionnaire as short videos (VQ) and compared this method to a traditional text-based administration (TQ) using a convenient online sample of N = 321. VQ was administered either by a male (VQM) or a female (VQF) administrator. Strict measurement invariance was established across both methods. No significant differences emerged in the methods’ break-off rate, reliability, or criterion validity. It seems that neither the social desirability nor the interviewer effect had any notable influence on VQ. The completion time was faster in VQM compared to TQ, suggesting that video administration is not necessarily slower. Respondents also rated VQ as the more enjoyable method. The results of this exploratory study suggest that videos could be an advantageous form of psychological questionnaire administration, although replication is necessary.
The Multifaceted Nature of Perfectionism: Causes, Impacts, and Interventions
Authors: Rajapakse Rakhitha
Published: July 2024

Perfectionism, a complex and multifaceted personality trait, is characterized by the pursuit of flawlessness, high performance standards, and self-critical evaluation. This article explores the dilemma of perfectionism, distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive forms and examining their implications across various domains such as mental health, academic achievement, interpersonal relationships, dance performance, and sports. Adaptive perfectionism, often associated with high achievement and personal satisfaction, can drive individuals toward success. In contrast, maladaptive perfectionism is linked to adverse outcomes including anxiety, depression, and burnout. The article delves into the psychological underpinnings of perfectionism, highlighting theories and models that explain its development and manifestation. Moreover, it provides practical strategies for managing perfectionism, emphasizing the importance of setting realistic goals, practicing self-compassion, challenging perfectionistic beliefs, and developing healthy coping mechanisms. The role of professional help in addressing severe perfectionistic tendencies is also discussed. This comprehensive review aims to enhance understanding of perfectionism and offer insights into fostering a balanced and compassionate approach to personal and professional aspirations.
The Margin of Victory in Ranked-Choice Voting
Authors: Atsusaka Yuki , Valeva Silviya , Vallejo Agustin
Published: July 2024

The margin of victory (MOV) is one of the most important and well-established metrics in political science that quantifies the closeness of electoral contests. Despite its intuitive nature in first-past-the-post (FPTP)---half the vote-share difference between the winner and the runner-up, studying the MOV gets challenging under ranked-choice voting (RCV), where voters can vote by ranking multiple candidates and determine the majority winner via a series of candidate elimination and vote transfer. This paper discusses conceptual and computational challenges in studying the MOV in RCV. Utilizing works in computer science, we provide a generalized definition of the MOV as the minimum number of votes that need to be modified to change the election winner. Moreover, we construct an RCV vote margin dataset by providing the first large-scale computation of the MOV under RCV based on the cast vote records from 444 RCV elections and an efficient optimization algorithm that explores the vast space of counterfactual electoral results. We illustrate the utility of our data by studying electoral competitiveness in RCV elections from 2007 to 2022. We also discuss and illustrate the advantages of using RCV margins in the sharp regression-discontinuity design. Our results allow social scientists to study various aspects of RCV.
Cerebral LSTM: A Better Alternative for Single‐ and Multi‐Stacked LSTM Cell‐Based RNNs
Authors: Kumar Ravin
Published: July 2024

Deep learning has rapidly transformed the natural language processing domain with its recurrent neural networks. LSTM is one such popular repeating cell unit used for building these recurrent neural network-based deep learning architectures. In this paper, we proposed a significantly improved version of LSTM named Cerebral LSTM which has much better ability to understand time-series data. Extensive experiments were conducted to get an unbiased performance comparison of our proposed version. Obtained results showed that recurrent neural network constructed using single Cerebral LSTM cell out-performed both recurrent neural network with single LSTM cell and recurrent neural network with two-stacked LSTM cells. We have also provided the PyTorch implementation of Cerebral LSTM.
Life cycle assessment of a domestic induction hob: electronic boards
Authors: Elduque Daniel , Javierre Carlos , Pina Gadea Carmelo , Martínez Eduardo , Jiménez Emilio
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes the environmental performance of the electronic boards used in the current generation of induction hob designed and assembled in Spain. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been performed, defining the functional unit as the electronic boards used in an induction cooktop with 4 hobs and 7.2 kW of nominal power. The electronic boards are two power electronic boards (ELIN PCBAs -Printed Circuit Board Assembly-), and one touch control electronic board (Touch Control PCBA). Each one has been thoroughly analyzed having into account every electronic component. The software used to create the LCA model was SimaPro 7.3.3, using two databases Ecoinvent v2.2 and Chalmers CPM LCA Database. The most relevant environmental impact in every category is caused by the two ELIN PCBAs. Touch Control PCBA has significant impact in Ozone Layer Depletion, although its value is four times lower than the emissions of one ELIN PCBA. Both ELIN PCBAs show similar environmental impact distribution. Components create between 70 and 85% of the total impact in most categories. Touch Control PCBA has a different environmental impact distribution from both ELIN PCBA. This analysis of the environmental impact of the ELIN PCBAs and the Touch Control PCBA used in an induction hob has revealed that there are several clear areas for improvement, such as reducing the environmental impact of the components and improving its end-of-life treatment.
Influence of the Material Composition on the Environmental Impact of SMD Transistors
Authors: Gómez Patricia , Elduque Daniel , Sarasa Judith , Pina Carmelo , Javierre Carlos
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to better elucidate the influence of surface-mount device (SMD) transistor material composition on the environmental impact of such transistors. A life cycle assessment (LCA) has been performed in which the EcoInvent dataset was updated with material compositions provided by several manufacturers. The influence of the material composition has been studied, providing a more precise understanding of the environmental impact. The software used to develop the LCA model was SimaPro 8.0.3.14, developed by Pré Consultants. The LCA was calculated with the CML methodology. In addition, a life cycle inventory was developed using EcoInvent v3. The EcoInvent methodology was used as a comparison tool for information provided by the manufacturers in terms of environmental impact, thus improving transistor selection in electronics design. The environmental impact of an SMD transistor can vary substantially with respect to material composition. Raw material acquisition represent between 20,3% and 99,9% of the total impact in most environmental categories. By contrast, the environmental impact of each transistor created due to part production is usually lower. The lowest environmental impact comes from the end of life treatments, values for which are approximately 0,1%. This environmental impact study demonstrates the large influence of transistor material composition for those analyzed herein.
Reliable crash analysis: Comparing biases and error rates of empirical Bayes before-after analyses to mixed-models
Authors: Albrecht Matthew , Hasan Razi
Published: July 2024

Estimating reliable causal estimates of road safety interventions is challenging, with a number of these challenges addressable through analysis choices. At a minimum, developing reliable crash modification factors (CMFs) needs to address three critical confounding factors, i.e., 1) the regression-to-the-mean (RTM) phenomenon, 2) the effect of traffic volume, and 3) the time trend for the occurrence of crashes. The current preferred crash analysis method is the empirical Bayes (EB) before-after analysis but requires complex bespoke analysis and may not be the best performing method. We compare in a simulation experiment various EB methods to a more straightforward negative binomial generalized linear mixed model (NB-GLMM) with an interaction term between treatment group and time for analysing treatment effects in crash data. Data were simulated using two broad scenarios: 1) an idealized randomized controlled design, and 2) a moderately biased site-selection scenario commonly encountered in road safety crash analyses. Both scenarios varied treatment effects, overdispersion, and sample sizes. The NB-GLMM performed best, maintaining type I error rate and providing least biased estimates across most analyses. Most standard EB methods were too liberal or generally more biased, with the exception of the EB method that incorporated a varying dispersion parameter. Incorporating mixed-effects modelling into the EB procedure improved bias. Overall, we found that using a “standard” NB-GLMM with an interaction term is sufficient for crash analysis, reducing complexity compared to bespoke EB solutions. Chosen methods should also be the least biased and possess the marginal error rates under both ideal and selection-bias conditions. Mixed-effects approaches to analysis of road safety interventions satisfy these criteria outperforming standard or other empirical Bayes approaches tested here.
Co-imagination fosters shared emotions of future experiences
Authors: Fowler Zoe , Law Kyle Fiore , Bontkes Oliver , Palombo Daniela , O'Connor Brendan
Published: July 2024

Emotions are central to the adaptive capacity of imagining hypothetical future experiences. From hope to despair, shared emotions about future events motivate planning and prepare us for collective action. Though interpersonal dynamics are critical to theories of emotion, they have been largely absent from theories of imagination, with research considering imagination as a process occurring within rather than between humans. Yet humans also imagine their futures together. Here, we test the hypothesis that such collaborative imagination (co-imagination) of shared future experiences facilitates emotional convergence about future events across individuals. In two experiments, by applying natural language models to code the wide-ranging and high-dimensional expression of emotions, we demonstrate that co-imagination in novel dyads gives rise to shared interpersonal emotional states about future events– beyond individuals independently imagining future events using the same cues. This work sheds light on a new framework and mechanism for the formation of shared emotions about the future.
There is a potential collector in every consumer
Authors: Ryan William , Evers Ellen Riemke Katrien , Lindenberg Siegwart
Published: July 2024

Collecting is a unique consumption behavior. Unlike other items’ consumption, where consumers buy a good to satisfy some higher need, collectors acquire products merely to have the item in their possession. Past studies have primarily been qualitative studies employing convenience samples of “extreme” collectors. We investigate the characteristics and motivations of collectors in a representative nation-wide sample (N=5,069) across two waves 10 years apart, while leveraging dozens of other surveys administered to the panel to test a wide range of hypotheses regarding collections. We find that while a third of consumers collect, very few who do so identify strongly as collectors. Those who identify strongly as collectors are significantly different from most collectors, implying that research focusing only on those who strongly identify as collectors will lead to conclusions which do not provide insights in collecting in general. Solutions to the problems documented are discussed in the general discussion.
Language as a cognitive and social tool at the time of large language models
Authors: Borghi Anna M. , De Livio Chiara , Gervasi Angelo Mattia , Mannella Francesco , Nolfi Stefano , Tummolini Luca
Published: July 2024

The interaction of language with perception, action, and cognition has been a recurring theme across the cognitive sciences. Recently, research has emphasized the role of language not only as a communication device but also as a cognitive tool. The rise of large language models (LLMs) and their recent integration in embodied AI systems perceiving and acting in physical and social environments (robotics) is facing similar issues and has the potential to offer insights also into the relationship between language and human cognition. Here we chart parallel developments in these fields with the aim of fostering cross-talk and collaboration. First, we discuss work in psychology and neuroscience on language grounding and the effects of language on perception, action, and other cognitive processes. Next, we explore recent work in machine learning and robotics to design language-conditioned robots that comprehend and act on linguistic instructions, which provide new mechanistic insights on language effects. We conclude by arguing that these new parallel trends of research are finally able to capture the importance of language, in its experiential aspects that involve social interaction, thought, and behavior control.
आधारभूत तहका सन्दर्भमा भाषिक सिप र पठनतत्त्वगत प्रक्रिया {Linguistic Skills and Reading Elements in the Context of the Basic Level}
Authors: भट्टराई Bhattarai रमेशप्रसाद Ramesh Prasad
Published: July 2024

सिकाइको गुणस्तर सुधारमा पठन सिपगत प्रभावकारिता अपरिहार्य हुन्छ । सिकारुमा पठन संस्कृति विकास गर्न सकेमा भाषिक सिपगत दक्षता विकास गर्न सहज हुन्छ । भाषा शिक्षणको नवीन अवधारणाले सुनाइ, बोलाइ, पढाइ र लेखाइ सिपसहितको सुझबुझयुक्त सार्थक पठनबोधमा जोड दिन्छ । प्रारम्भिक कक्षा पढाइ सिप विकाससम्बन्धी नवीन अवधारणामा चाहिँ कक्षा १–३ सम्मका बालबालिकालाई छओटा पठनतत्त्व (ध्वनि सचेतीकरण, लेख्यवर्ण सचेतीकरण, पठनप्रवाह, शब्दभण्डार, पठनबोध र लेखाइ) मार्पmत प्रभावकारी शिक्षण गर्न सकिने आधार प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यसलाई आधारभूत तहमा भाषा शिक्षण गर्ने प्रभावकारी प्रक्रिया मानिन्छ । यो अध्ययन उल्लिखित भाषा शिक्षणमा प्रचलित चार सिप र आधारभूत तहका लागि निक्र्योल गरिएको नवीन पठन सिपगत प्रव्रिmयाबिचको सम्बन्धको खोजीमा केन्द्रित छ । यसमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधि अन्तर्गत जातिभाषिक अध्ययन विधिमार्फत तीन जना विषयविज्ञको अवधारणालाई प्राथमिक स्रोत सामग्रीका रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ । त्यस्तै प्रारम्भिक कक्षा पढाइ तथा पठन सिपसम्बद्ध नेपाल सरकारका दस्ताबेज, सन्दर्भ पुस्तक र अनुसन्धेय सामग्रीलाई द्वितीयक स्रोतका रूपमा उपयोग गरी समीक्षात्मक निष्कर्ष पेस गरिएको छ । अध्ययनबाट पठनबोधयुक्त सार्थक पढाइ सिप विकासको विश्वव्यापी सिद्धान्तलाई बालबालिकाको सिकाइको जग निर्माणार्थ उपयोग गर्न सकिने देखिएको छ । यसका लागि आधारभूत तहलाई सिकाइको जगको रूपमा स्थापित गरी शैक्षिक क्षति न्यूनीकरण गर्न प्रचलित भाषा शिक्षणको प्रक्रियाभन्दा नवीन पठन सिपगत प्रक्रियालाई व्यावहारिक मूर्तता दिनुपर्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । 
{Effective teaching is indispensable in order to improve the quality of learning. If the reading culture is developed in the learner, it will be easy to acquire linguistic skills. The new concept of language teaching emphasizes all-round meaningful reading with listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. In the new concept of early grade teaching development suggest that the children in grades 1-3 can be taught effectively through six reading elements (sound awareness, alphabet awareness, reading fluency, vocabulary, reading comprehension and writing). It is considered an effective process of language teaching at the basic level. This study focuses on exploring the relationship between the four skills prevalent in language teaching and instructional process designed for the basic level. In this regards the concept of three subject experts has been used as the primary source materials through the ethnographic study method under the quanlitative research design. Likewise, conclusion has been drawn using the documents of the Nepal government, reference books and research materials related to elementary class reading. From the study, it has been found that the universal theory of meaningful reading skill development with reading comprehension can be used to build the foundation of children's learning. For this, it has been concluded that the basic level should be established as the foundation of learning to reduce the educational deviation, and the new reading teaching approaches should be prioritized rather than the traditional language teaching approaches.}
A Study of the Philosophical Significance of the Teachings in the Kaṭhopaniṣad
Authors: Perera R. P. C. H.
Published: July 2024

Upaniṣad literature can be called the most important group of Vedic literary works in Eastern philosophy, and one of its most important Upaniṣads called Kaṭhopaniṣad, is an Upaniṣad book of outstanding value literary and philosophically. This work, which belongs to the Kriṣna Yajurveda, discusses the facts in the form of a dialogue between Nachiketas and Yama. The primary purpose of this research is to investigate to what extent the philosophical importance of the teachings in the Kaṭhopaniṣad, and to what extent the teachings contained in the Kaṭhopaniṣad are similar to other Indian philosophical teachings and whether it covers all the basic study areas of the philosophy. It is expected to conduct a comprehensive study in this work. As this research is mainly used the book research method, it is primarily based on the study of primary and secondary sources. In addition to this, interviews with experts, journal articles and internet sources are used to gather information. Several philosophical methodologies are used to analyze the research problems including descriptive analysis, critical method, comparative method and analytical method. According to the analysis of this research, the final conclusion can be implied that there can be many similarities between Kaṭhopaniṣad and Buddhism not only in terms of the ideas of the teachings of it but also in the way of expression in its technical terms. In addition to this, another point in the conclusion is that philosophically Kaṭhopaniṣad is an extremely important literary work that includes a certain kind of metaphysics, cosmology, epistemology, psychology as well as ethics.
Prospects for combining the methods of haploid biotechnology and genome editing to improve spiked grains of the Triticeae family (review)
Authors: Zhiltsov A. V. , Chekalin A. A. , Popova O. V. , Duvanov I. V. , Miroshnichenko D. N.
Published: July 2024

Over the past few decades, haploid biotechnologies have become an integral part of breeding programs for many crops. Using the strategy of doubling haploids induced in the culture of gametic cells and tissues in vitro, through androgenesis, gynogenesis and distant hybridization, it became possible to significantly reduce the time for developing new varieties. Using the technology of doubled haploids, within one or two generations, it is possible to obtain aligned homozygous lines, which can both help speed up the breeding process and study several scientific and practical issues. Another promising tool for developing lines and samples with specified traits within several generations is genome editing (engineering) using various nuclease-based engineering complexes. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which came into use ten years ago, allows solving a wide variety of problems in plant functional genomics, including engineering resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improving productivity and product quality. The technology is better than the most known methods for improving varieties for the traits which have mono- or polygenic control, since it allows changing several genes simultaneously, which is important for polyploid species. An integral part of plant genome editing, as well as haploidogenesis technologies, is cell and tissue culture in vitro, which gives possibility for their combination. The combination of technologies allows producing homozygous plants with new gene-specific mutations, which improves genetic diversity and accelerates the selection of linear material with new economically valuable traits. The current review has summarized the experience of combining haploidy and genome editing methods in spiked grains of the Triticeae family. In addition to analyzing the current state, there have been considered the prospects for further development of technologies for obtaining haploids of wheat, barley, triticale, and rye with an edited genome.
Study results of the spring vetch varieties (Vicia sativa L.) in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Davletov F. A. , Gainullina К. P. , Mustafin I. G. , Yuldybaev I. R.
Published: July 2024

Spring vetch is a valuable leguminous plant that serves as a source of high-protein feed for farm animals, and due to its ability to fix nitrogen, it is a good green manure. The cultivation of this crop plays an important role in solving the problem of plant protein deficiency; however, in the Cis-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan, productivity of vetch seeds and green mass is low and unstable over the years. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to estimate the potential productivity of spring vetch varieties that would be promising for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of our region. Field trials were conducted in 2021–2023. Weather conditions during the years of study were contrasting in temperature and moisture availability. The material for the study was a set of spring vetch varieties ‘Omichka 3’, ‘Orlovskaya 91’, ‘Lugovskaya 98’, ‘Lgovskaya 22’, ‘Yubileinaya 110’, ‘Uzunovskaya 8’, ‘Valentina’, recommended for cultivation in the Ural region of the Russian Federation. The estimation, records and measurements were carried out in accordance with the Methodological recommendations for the study of the grain legumes’ collection (1975) and the Methodology for the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops (2019). As a result, there has been found that in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan the spring vetch varieties ‘Lgovskaya 22’, ‘Omichka 3’, ‘Uzunovskaya 8’ with a vegetation period length of 74.3±11.6 – 75.7±12.1 days turned out to be the most earlymaturing. According to the indicators of the main yield structure elements, the varieties ‘Valentina’, ‘Uzunovskaya 8’, ‘Yubileinaya 110’ were the best in terms of ‘number of beans per plant’ (4.4±0.7 – 4.9±1.3 pcs.), ‘seeds per plant’ (18.1± 5.9 – 18.5±6.8 pcs.), ‘seed productivity’ (0.90±0.26 – 0.96±0.27g). According to our study, the most promising varieties for production in the Republic of Bashkortostan are ‘Uzunovskaya 8’ and ‘Valentina’, which were the best ones in terms of productivity of grain (1.25–1.29 t/ha), green mass (6.40–6.53 t/ha) and hay (1.61–1.65 t/ha) in 2021–2023.
History of sorghum breeding and seed production in the ARC “Donskoy”
Authors: Kovtunov V. V. , Kovtunova N. A.
Published: July 2024

The current paper has presented brief information about the establishment of a sorghum breeding and seed production school at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (formerly the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops named after I.G. Kalinenko, as well as the All-Russian Research Institute of Sorghum). A great contribution to the development of the breeding program for this crop was made by famous breeders Ya.I. Isakov, B.N. Malinovsky, N.A. Shepel. Under their leadership, there was identified and developed a significant number of varieties and hybrids of grain, sweet, grass and broom sorghum. Their experience given to subsequent breeders made it possible to develop present sorghum varieties and hybrids, which are currently included in the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Russian Federation and are widely used in agricultural production. Thus, since 2021, new highly productive varieties of sweet sorghum ‘Yuzhnoye’ and ‘Feniks’ have been included in the State List. Since 2023, there have been included the white grained sorghum variety ‘Esaul’ and the sorghum-Sudan hybrid ‘Dobrynya’. There have been developed and are currently undergoing the state variety testing the grain sorghum variety ‘Sotnik’ and the Sudan grass ‘Kudesnitsa’, the sorghumSudan hybrid ‘Gordey’, the sweet sorghum variety ‘Orfey’ and the hybrid ‘Duet’.
Adaptability of winter bread wheat varieties in the competitive variety testing in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Torbina I. V.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties in the competitive variety testing, to identify the best ones for the soil and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic based on a set of economically valuable traits. In 2020–2023 seven winter wheat varieties were tested in comparison with the standard ‘Volzhskaya K’ and the variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’. The adaptability of the varieties was determined according to the method of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva (1985), S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell (1966). Weather conditions during the years of study (drought in 2021 and 2023, excessive moisture in 2022) made it possible to evaluate varieties for drought resistance, determine their resistance to lodging, and the ability to use favorable conditions to form high yields. It was revealed that the most adapted varieties were ‘Cheberina’ and ‘26.12/6’, in 2021–2023 they formed the highest yield (50.0–50.1 hwt/ha) and provided a significant increase of 5.5–5.6 hwt/ha to the standard variety ‘Volzhskaya K’. These varieties significantly exceeded the standard variety in general adaptive capacity (GAC). There was found that the varieties ‘Lyubava’, ‘2.05/3’ and ‘Cheberina’ were the most valuable breeding varieties that combined high productivity with a stable yield. The varieties ‘Cheberina’, ‘26.12/6’, ‘Volzhskaya K’, ‘A-332/2’ were highly responsive to improved environmental conditions (bi > 1). Based on the study results, the adaptable, highly productive variety ‘Cheberina’ was sent to the state variety testing. There has been established that the variety forms a strong elastic stem of medium height, resistant to lodging, and increases ear weight and length, and its grain content in favorable conditions of the spring-summer period. An estimation of disease infection during the spring-summer growing season in 2022 showed that the variety possesses complex resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and blotch of an ear and leaves. The variety formed grain of the third class with such indicators as 66 % of kernel hardness, 779 g/l of grain nature weight, 28 % of gluten of the first quality group, 12.8 % of protein in grain.
Bioenergy estimation of spring barley and oat varieties’ cultivation depending on seed-sowing rates in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Butkovskaya L. K. , Mudrova V. Е. , Polyakov А. О.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the current study was a bioenergy estimation of different seed sowing rates of spring barley and oat varieties in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The trials were carried out in the village of Minino, Emelyanovsky district, Krasnoyarsky Krai in 2021–2023. The objects of the study were the spring barley varieties ‘Abalak’, ‘Takmak’, ‘Oplot’, ‘Biom’ and the spring oat varieties ‘Tubinsky’, ‘Sayan’, ‘Kazyr’, ‘Uspekh’. Experimental schemes were as follows: barley varieties with seeding rates of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 million germ. grains per hectare; oat varieties with seeding rates of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 million germ. grains per hectare. High yields (5.60–5.71 t/ha) were produced by the barley varieties ‘Oplot’ and ‘Takmak’, while other varieties produced less on 0.9–1.4 t/ha. There has been revealed that the reproduction coefficient of barley seeds increased to 34.6 at a seed-sowing rate of 3.5 million germ. grains per hectare and decreased to 22.2–31.3 at a seed-sowing rate of 4.5 million germ. grains per hectare. There has been established that among oats, the variety ‘Tubinsky’ produced the highest yield of 4.79 t/ha at a seeding rate of 5.0 million germ. grains per hectare, followed by the variety ‘Sayan’ with 4.85 t/ha, the new promising variety ‘Uspekh’ with 4.67 t/ha and ‘Kazyr’ with 4.53 t/ha. The reproduction coefficient reached 26.9–29.7 with 4.0 million germ. grains per hectare and 21.3–23.5 at 5.0 million germ. grains per hectare. The energy estimation has shown that the optimal seed-sowing rate is 4.5 million germ. grains per hectare for barley varieties and 4.0 million germ. grains per hectare for oat varieties. The total energy increase (the difference between the total energy and energy costs) was 94.4 and 83.2 GJ/ha for the barley varieties ‘Takmak’ and ‘Oplot’, respectively and 58.9 and 59.0 GJ/ha for the oat varieties ‘Tubinsky’ and ‘Sayan’.