bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory functions of TRPM7 and its implications in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Liang Hong‐Yu , Chen Yong , Wei Xin , Ma Gang‐Gang , Ding Jie , Lu Chao , Zhou Ren‐Peng , Hu Wei
Published: September 2021

An autoimmune disease is an inappropriate response to one's tissues due to a break in immune tolerance and exposure to self‐antigens. It often leads to structural and functional damage to organs and systemic disorders. To date, there are no effective interventions to prevent the progression of autoimmune diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need for new treatment targets. TRPM7 is an enzyme‐coupled, transient receptor ion channel of the subfamily M that plays a vital role in pathologic and physiologic conditions. While TRPM7 is constitutively activated under certain conditions, it can regulate cell migration, polarization, proliferation and cytokine secretion. However, a growing body of evidence highlights the critical role of TRPM7 in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes. Herein, we present (a) a review of the channel kinase properties of TRPM7 and its pharmacological properties, (b) discuss the role of TRPM7 in immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells) and its upstream immunoreactive substances, and (c) highlight TRPM7 as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
The surgical technique of the convergent procedure
Authors: Yammine Maroun , Puskas John , El Moheb Mohamad , Lattouf Omar
Published: September 2021

The convergent procedure is a newly developed hybrid ablation procedure that involves extensive epicardial ablation of the posterior left atrial wall followed by endocardial mapping and addition of pulmonary vein isolation. It is a team‐based approach that provides a promising option for patients with persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation. In this manuscript, we present a detailed description of the surgical component of this procedure and include potential pitfalls based on our experience in performing it.
When cultures collide: What can we learn from frictions in the implementation of design thinking?
Authors: Carlgren Lisa , BenMahmoud‐Jouini Sihem
Published: September 2021

Increasing interest in the use of design thinking (DT) in innovation has called into question its integration in organizational settings. We draw upon literature on management innovation and new practice implementation that highlights potential cultural conflicts between the values and assumptions underpinning the new practice and the culture of the organization that adopts it. We investigate thecultural fit between DT and the adopting firmthrough qualitative studies of 13 cases of DT implementation in large established firms complemented with data collected during eight workshops with DT practitioners and scholars. We abductively propose a cultural archetype of DT comprising eight dimensions:subjective and aesthetic ways of knowing,long‐term and nonlinear views about time,intrinsic motivation and sense of purpose,flexibility and change,relationships,empathy,and emotions at work,collaboration and inclusion,team autonomy and informality, andexternal orientation. We identify challenges and consequences associated with cultural misfits encountered in the implementation of DT:lack of legitimacy,lack of depth,disengagement,incrementalism,poor teamwork and alienation,collaboration lip service,micromanaged processes, andlack of external orientation. We thus (i) develop a characterization of DT by providing a detailed cultural archetype that we discuss relative to previous literature on DT and (ii) enrich the research on the recursive relationship between organizational culture and DT implementation, contributing to research on emotions in management and innovation culture. We also (iii) contribute to research on the challenges encountered by firms when adopting DT, extending the research on difficulties linked to cultural misfits when implementing new practices. Finally, we (iv) contribute to research on practice implementation and management innovation by highlighting the interplay between cultural fit, legitimacy, and the implementation climate.
The association between hepatocarcinogenesis and intracellular alterations due to hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Tsuge Masataka
Published: September 2021

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem leading to severe liver dysfunction, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although current antiviral therapies for chronic HBV infection have been improved and can lead to a strong suppression of viral replication, it is difficult to completely eliminate the virus with these therapies once chronic HBV infection is established in the host. Furthermore, chronic HBV infection alters intracellular metabolism and signalling pathways, resulting in the activation of carcinogenesis in the liver. HBV produces four viral proteins: hepatitis B surface‐, hepatitis B core‐, hepatitis B x protein, and polymerase; each plays an important role in HBV replication and the intracellular signalling pathways associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. In vitro and in vivo experimental models for analyzing HBV infection and replication have been established, and gene expression analyses using microarrays or next‐generation sequencing have also been developed. Thus, it is possible to clarify the molecular mechanisms for intracellular alterations, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, the impact of HBV viral proteins and intracellular alterations in HBV‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed.
The role of pollination in controlling Ginkgo biloba ovule development
Authors: D’Apice Greta , Moschin Silvia , Araniti Fabrizio , Nigris Sebastiano , Di Marzo Maurizio , Muto Antonella , Banfi Camilla , Bruno Leonardo , Colombo Lucia , Baldan Barbara
Published: September 2021

Generally, in gymnosperms, pollination and fertilization events are temporally separated and the developmental processes leading the switch from ovule integument into seed coat are still unknown. The single ovule integument of Ginkgo biloba acquires the typical characteristics of the seed coat long before the fertilization event. In this study, we investigated whether pollination triggers the transformation of the ovule integument into the seed coat.

Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses performed on ovules just prior and after pollination lead to the identification of changes occurring in Ginkgo ovules during this specific time.

A morphological atlas describing the developmental stages of ovule development is presented. The metabolic pathways involved in the lignin biosynthesis and in the production of fatty acids are activated upon pollination, suggesting that the ovule integument starts its differentiation into a seed coat before the fertilization.

Omics analyses allowed an accurate description of the main changes that occur in Ginkgo ovules during the pollination time frame, suggesting the crucial role of the pollen arrival on the progression of ovule development.
PTEN regulates proliferation and osteogenesis of dental pulp cells and adipogenesis of human adipose‑derived stem cells
Authors: Nowwarote Nunthawan , Osathanon Thanaphum , Fournier Benjamin P.J. , Theerapanon Thanakorn , Yodsanga Somchai , Kamolratanakul Paksinee , Porntaveetus Thantrira , Shotelersuk Vorasuk
Published: September 2021

Objective

To investigate the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in dental pulp cells (hDPs) and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs).

Materials and Methods

Genetic variant was identified with exome sequencing. The hDPs isolated from a patient with Cowden syndrome were investigated for their proliferation, osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and gene expression compared with controls. The normal hDPs and hADSCs were treated with the PTEN inhibitor, VO‐OHpic trihydrate (VOT), to investigate the effect of PTEN inhibition.

Results

A heterozygous nonsense PTEN variant, c.289C>T (p.Gln97*), was identified in the Cowden patient's blood and intraoral lipomas. The mutated hDPs showed significantly decreased proliferation, but significantly upregulated RUNX2 and OSX expression and mineralization, indicating enhanced osteogenic ability in mutated cells. The normal hDPs treated with VOT showed the decreases in proliferation, colony formation, osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition, suggesting that PTEN inhibition diminishes proliferation and osteogenic potential of hDPs. Regarding adipogenesis, the VOT‐treated hADSCs showed a reduced number of cells containing lipid droplets, suggesting that PTEN inhibition might compromise adipogenic ability of hADSCs.

Conclusions

PTEN regulates proliferation, enhances osteogenesis of hDPs, and induces adipogenesis of hADSCs. The gain‐of‐function PTEN variant, p.Gln97*, enhances osteogenic ability of PTEN in hDPs.
Current findings and perspectives on aberrant neural oscillations in schizophrenia
Authors: Hirano Yoji , Uhlhaas Peter J.
Published: September 2021

There is now consistent evidence that neural oscillation at low‐ and high‐frequencies constitute an important aspect of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, impaired rhythmic activity may underlie the deficit to generate coherent cognition and behavior, leading to the characteristic symptoms of psychosis and cognitive deficits. Importantly, the generating mechanisms of neural oscillations are relatively well‐understood and thus enable the targeted search for the underlying circuit impairments and novel treatment targets. In the following review, we will summarize and assess the evidence for aberrant rhythmic activity in schizophrenia through evaluating studies that have utilized Electro/Magnetoencephalography to examine neural oscillations during sensory and cognitive tasks as well as during resting‐state measurements. These data will be linked to current evidence from post‐mortem, neuroimaging, genetics, and animal models that have implicated deficits in GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic neurotransmission in oscillatory deficits in schizophrenia. Finally, we will highlight methodological and analytical challenges as well as provide recommendations for future research.
Effect of a self‐care training program using smartphones on general health, nutrition status, and sleep quality in the elderly
Authors: Vizeshfar Fatemeh , Ghelbash Zakiye
Published: September 2021

Background

Self‐care training programs can be an important means for educating the elderly in behaviours that promote health and the quality of life. Since sleep disorders, and problems related to eating patterns and general health, become more apparent with age, we aimed to investigate the effect of a self‐care training program using smartphones on general health, nutritional status, and sleep quality of the elderly.

Methods

In this randomized quality improvement trial with a pretest/post‐test design, 54 healthy and independent elderly were enrolled and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The interventions included 21 sessions of self‐care training that were presented virtually using smartphones.

Results

Significant differences before and after the intervention were observed for the intervention group with respect to measures of general health, nutrition, and sleep quality.

Conclusion

Training in health‐promoting self‐care behaviours, delivered by smartphone, should be considered as a major strategy for maintaining and promoting health among the elderly.
Policy innovation through noise in implementation: Best to be grey (or silver) on Friday, in Halifax
Authors: Hargreaves Heap Shaun , Talavera Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

When the implementation of regulations requires judgement, there is bound to be noise in the application of the rules, but is there bias in the noise such that policy innovation, in effect, occurs in implementation? We use a recently available large postcode data set on the MOT road safety testing in the UK to answer this question. There is significant bias: the probability of failing varies systematically across postcodes, day of the week and vehicle colour. A national policy is undermined by this variability and we suggest how policy might be adjusted to reduce this unintended policy innovation.
The novel HLA‐DRB1*14:222N allele was identified by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Wang Jielin , You Xuan , Tao Sudan , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: September 2021

HLA‐DRB1*14:222N differs from HLA‐DRB1*14:03:01 by one single nucleotide substitution at position 262.
Cariad [Love]
Authors: Sobande Francesca
Published: September 2021

I’m still not sure what this poem means to me, let alone what it may mean to other people. However, when revisiting this poem nearly a year since writing it, I felt ready to share a few more words. I wrote this poem in the midst of experiencing loss and grief. I wrote it while spending time with family in Scotland, before returning to where I live in South Wales. Truth be told, I did not write it with the intention of contributing to scholarly work on Black geographies. Instead, the poem was penned in the wee hours of a restless summer night/morning and was part of how I was feeling and writing through grief at the time. In the months since writing this piece, I have had time and space to see things in and through the poem that I did not see before. Reflecting on which words I know in what languages, and how and why I know them. Thinking about the lives of Black people in the predominantly white nations of Scotland and Wales. Considering what it means to live in these devolved nations in Britain, where public conversations concerning Anglocentrism, colonialism, and language often occur in ways that obscure the specific experiences of Black people who do (and don’t) speak Scots and Welsh. The place from which this piece was written was a place of grief, restlessness, pain, peace, and remembrance for words, food, time, and love shared with specific people. I’m not sure how to preface a poem, nor am I sure if what I’m prefacing is even a poem at all. Perhaps that is precisely what this is all about. Grasping for certainty, locatedness, and linear narrative and history, while knowing that uncertainty, (dis)location, and divergence is often a part of Black geographies.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change in Kurmuk District, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayansa Asaye Damera , Bedemo Amsalu , Jara Gemechu Ordofa
Published: September 2021

Ethiopia is among the countries experiencing frequent drought and highly vulnerable to climate change associated impacts. Adaptation to climate change impacts are key element for sustainable development of economy. The objective of the study was analysis determinates of smallholder farmer’s climate change perception and adaptation options in Kurmuk district. For the study both primary and secondary data sources were employed. The primary data collected from 160 randomly selected sample households. The binary logit and multinomial logit model were employed to identify the factor that determines smallholder farmers’ climate change perception and adaptation strategies respectively.  Results revealed that sex, extension service, credit access, climate information and distance from market are significantly affects smallholder farmers’ perception to climate change in kurmuk district, While, sex, education, cultivated land, access to credit services, climate information, access to market, extension service, distance from farm, off-farm income and on-farm income are found statistically significant affected adaptation options of smallholder farmers. Therefore, strengthening extension services, access credit services, disseminating climate and market information, diversification of farmer’s income are among the recommendable mechanisms to advance their perception and adaptation to climate change.
Perceptions, experiences, and attitudes of health care professionals regarding the role of librarians in fostering evidence-based health practice: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Obasola Oluwaseun Ireti , Kinengyere Alison Annet , Peter Devind , Chiweza Diston , Ross-White Amanda , Godfrey Christina
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to explore perceptions, experiences, and attitudes of health care professionals in teaching hospitals, academic health science centers, and health care professional colleges regarding the role of librarians in fostering the production of evidence-based research.

Introduction:

Evidence-based health practice entails the use of the best research evidence, combined with knowledge and information gained through professional expertise as a practicing clinician, and consideration of patients’ concerns and preferences to make the best possible decision for the care provided to those patients. With their extensive skills in literature searching, librarians and other information professionals contribute to the process of evidence-based health practice by locating and retrieving the most relevant information for clinical practice. Despite the importance of librarians in evidence-based health practice, little attention has been paid to the perceptions and attitudes of health care professionals toward the involvement of librarians in fostering evidence-based research and their participation in other evidence-based health practice activities.

Inclusion criteria:

The population of interest is health care professionals working in teaching hospitals, academic health science centers, and health care professional colleges who make clinical decisions based on evidence, clinical judgments, and patient values.

Methods:

The following databases will be searched from database inception till June 2021 for published and unpublished studies: CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, Academic Search Premier, Scopus, LISTA, MEDLINE, POPLINE, and OpenGrey. Studies published in English will be considered for review. The selected studies will be critically assessed for methodological quality by two independent reviewers.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42019136749
Traveling Citizens
Authors: Koyagi Mikiya
Published: September 2021

In chapter 7, themes of space, practice, and subjectivity fully converge. Railway passengers continued to shape new subjectivities as they made mundane bodily motions within the railway space while moving across provincial, national, and transnational spaces. Rather than creating a homogeneous, Europeanized experience of railway journeys as desired by advocates of the New Civilization, encounters in the railway space produced differentiated traveling publics who identified with local, national, and transnational communities simultaneously. Thus, the Trans-Iranian Railway not only integrated the nation but also fostered new connectivities that transcended the nation.
The Choreography of Acculturation
Authors: Gollance Sonia
Published: September 2021

The prohibition on men and women dancing together was derived from biblical precedent and Jewish laws regulating sexual behavior. While even traditional communities had varied interpretations of what mixed-sex dancing entailed, in literature such boundaries were frequently transgressed. Where rabbinic condemnations of mixed-sex dancing before 1780 emphasize the connection between dancing and forbidden sexual behavior, later and more literary texts use dance to discuss influences from outside of the Jewish community. Writers utilized dance as a metaphor for Jewish modernity, which communicates their concerns with society while entertaining their readers. German Jewish and Yiddish literature targeted readerships that often differed in terms of class background and knowledge of Jewish tradition, yet they shared a fascination with literary dance scenes.
How Jews Learned to Dance
Authors: Gollance Sonia
Published: September 2021

Dance classes were a key site for negotiating Jewish gender roles. Beyond simply training young people in proper physical deportment, dance lessons also guided them through gender, social, and class expectations, including those related to more tender emotions. Traditionally pious Jews learned to dance so that they could participate properly in weddings and other festive community celebrations. Acculturated and upwardly mobile Jews took advantage of the opportunity dance lessons offered to mingle with socially advantageous contacts. In this sense, dance lessons rehearsed the importance of balls for courtship. Even before they began seeking out marriage partners, young people learned how to behave on the dance floor and practiced appropriate behavior with their dancing partners. While Yiddish texts question whether dance lessons are compatible with proper sexual morality, German texts are concerned with the possibility of embarrassing oneself in a dance class.
“What Comes From Men and Women Dancing”
Authors: Gollance Sonia
Published: September 2021

The epilogue connects tropes of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries of Jews, dance, and modernization with late twentieth- and twenty-first-century representations. Popular works such as Fiddler on the Roof (1964), Dirty Dancing (1987), Rebecca Goldstein’s Mazel (1995), Kerry Greenwood’s Raisins and Almonds: A Phryne Fisher Mystery (1997), Helene Wecker’s The Golem and the Jinni (2013), and Naomi Novik’s Spinning Silver (2018) reveal the continued efficacy of the mixed-sex dancing trope in fictional representations of Yiddish-speaking Jews. These works are often less didactic than nineteenth-century predecessors; they envision more opportunities for female agency and frequently end happily. Not only is the dance floor a flexible space, the dance trope is a flexible metaphor for the concerns of Jewish communities in the face of cultural transitions. In other words, the trope of Jewish mixed-sex dancing charts the particularities of the Jewish “dance” with modern culture.
Sovereignty Sharing in Fragile States
Authors: Ciorciari John D.
Published: September 2021

This book examines “sovereignty-sharing” in fragile states, focusing on ventures in which domestic and international actors share authority to provide basic public services and build the rule of law. It examines how and why these ventures are created, designed, and implemented and what determines their perceived legitimacy and effectiveness. The book shows that sovereignty sharing can help address governance gaps under certain conditions, but that apportioning core sovereign functions remains difficult, as national and international partners bring different capacities, norms, and policy priorities. It demonstrates that the political foundations of sovereignty-sharing arrangements are crucial for effective performance, which in turn drives popular support. The book considers case studies of hybrid tribunals in Sierra Leone, Cambodia, and Lebanon; joint policing in Timor-Leste; and anti-corruption initiatives in Guatemala and Liberia. It offers the first comparative assessment of these remarkable efforts to repair ruptures in the rule of law.
La comprensión de las meteduras de pata en escolares con autismo. Su relación con variables cognitivas y de teoría de la mente
Authors: García-Molina Irene , Clemente-Estevan Rosa-Ana
Published: September 2021

El presente estudio tiene una doble finalidad. La primera es analizar dos de las variables implicadas en la comprensión de las meteduras de pata (MP) en el autismo (Cociente Intelectual; CI, y la Falsa Creencia; FC). La segunda, examinar en detalle las dificultades encontradas en la tarea de MP, dividida la población con autismo en dos grupos según su CI (Grupo 1= rango CI 100-120, Grupo 2 = rango CI 70-85). De dicha tarea de MP, se adaptaron cuatro historias (viñetas y narración) de Baron-Cohen, O’Riordan, Stone, Jones y Plaisted (1999), y se administraron a los dos grupos de niños y pre-adolescente con autismo (N = 34) de entre 7 y 12 años (M = 9.6, DE = 1.55), que las resolvieron a partir de respuestas de elección dicotómica y de explicación verbal. Los resultados demuestran la capacidad predictiva del CI total (r = 0.53; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.28) y de la FC (r = 0.51; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.26). El 40 % de la variabilidad de la tarea de MP se vio explicada por las variables predictores FC y Vocabulario. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos (el Grupo 1 respondió mejor que el Grupo 2) tanto en respuestas de elección forzada personaje (ii) e ignorancia (vii) y la suma total como en su explicación verbal. Estos resultados se discuten más detalladamente debido a su posible repercusión en la vida diaria de las personas con autismo.
Positive Pressure Testing Booths Development and Deployment in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Aroom Kevin , Ge Jiawei , Al-Zogbi Lidia , White Marcee , Trustman Adrienne , Greenbaum Adena , Farley Jason , Krieger Axel
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic left an unprecedented impact on the general public health, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths in the U.S. alone. Nationwide testing plans were initiated with drive-through being the currently dominant testing approach, which, however, exhausts personal protective equipment supplies, and is unfriendly to individuals not owning a vehicle. Walkup positive pressure testing booths are a safe alternative, whereby a health care provider situated on the inside of an enclosed and positively pressurized booth swabs a patient on the outside through chemical resistant gloves. The booths, however, are too prohibitively priced on the market to allow for nationwide deployment. To mitigate this, we present in this paper a safe, accessible, mobile, and affordable design of positive-pressure COVID-19 testing booths. The booths have successfully passed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee pressure, air exchange, and air quality requirements for positive-pressure rooms, following the guidelines for environmental infection control in health care facilities. The booths are manufactured using primarily off-the-shelf components from U.S. vendors with minimized customization, and the final bill of materials does not surpass USD 3,900. Since August 2019, five booths were deployed and used at the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore City Health Department, and two community health centers in Baltimore. No health care provider was infected when using our booths, which have shown to facilitate walkup testing with decreased personal protective equipment consumption, reduced risk of infection, and enhanced accessibility to lower-income communities and nondrivers.
Investigation of Critical Heat Flux for Plutonium-Based Mixed Oxide Advanced Fuel Bundle Design
Authors: Yuan Lan Qin , Yang Jun , Addicott Bruce , Dickerson Matthew , Gauthier Vinson
Published: September 2021

The critical heat flux (CHF) performance of an advanced plutonium-based mixed oxide (MOX) fuel for potential use in a pressure tube heavy water reactor (PT-HWR) has been studied experimentally at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories with an electrically heated string simulator of 43-element fuel bundles. The fuel simulator has a uniform axial power profile and a radial power profile that is representative of the plutonium-based MOX fuel. The measurements of CHF caused by liquid-film dryout were made in the MR-3 heat transfer loop facility using R-134a refrigerant as the working fluid. The test matrix included system pressures from 1.47 to 2.11 MPa, mass flow rates from 12.7 to 14.7 kg/s and inlet temperatures from 31 to 59 °C, which are representative of the water-equivalent reactor operating conditions of 9 to 12.5 MPa pressure, 13.5 to 21.3 kg/s mass flow rate and the desired inlet subcoolings. Compared to conventional natural uranium fuel, the radial power profile of a MOX fuel exhibits a steeper and less even distribution across the fuel element rings, with a relatively higher power in the outer ring. It was found that CHF values of the MOX fuel are significantly lower than those of the natural uranium fuel. Based on the experimental data, a correlation has been derived to account for the effect of radial power profile on CHF. This correlation can be used to evaluate the relative CHF values of advanced or nonconventional fuel designs with radial power profiles deviating from that of natural uranium fuel.
Sliding Mode Control for Two-Degree-of-Freedom Fractional Zener Oscillator
Authors: Yuan Jian , Gao Song , Wang Liying , Xiu Guozhong
Published: September 2021

Fractional-order derivatives provide a powerful tool for the characterization of mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials. Fractional oscillators are mechanical models of viscoelastically damped structures, the viscoelastic damping of which is described by fractional-order constitutive equations. This paper proposes sliding mode control for a two-degree-of-freedom fractional Zener oscillator. Firstly, a virtual fractional oscillator is generated by means of a state transformation. Then, the total mechanical energy in the virtual oscillator is determined as the sum of the kinetic energy, the potential energy, and the fractional energy. Furthermore, sliding mode control for the fractional Zener oscillator is designed, in which the Lyapunov function is defined by the total mechanical energy. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
Investigation on Swirl Instability in a Vane-Type Separator With Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Huang Guangyuan , Yin Junlian , Zhang Zekai , Wang Dezhong , Sun Yan , Liao Yixiang
Published: September 2021

The separation efficiency of a vane-type separator is greatly affected by swirl instability. The separator consists of a swirling vane, a recovery vane and a main pipe. Driven by centrifugal force, the bubbly flow tends to develop into stratified flow with a continuous gas core floating in the central axis of the separator and facilitating the separation. Yet, the straight gas core can turn into a double helix under some circumstances, for example, if the pressure difference across the orifices of recovery vane falls below the critical value, and swirl instability occurs. In order to reveal the underlying mechanism, a device with adjustable operating pressure was introduced to reproduce the dynamic process of gas core transform between stable and unstable. With the increase of pressure difference, the gas core morphology near the recovery vane will turn from double-helix to straight-line within several seconds. The whole process was investigated further by using the tomographic particle image velocimetry (PIV). Results show that the development of vorticity structures in the swirl flow gives rise to the evolution of gas core morphology and keeps it stable. Furthermore, the direction of axial velocity, which becomes negative by low pressure differences, is found to be crucial in controlling the formation of inner forced vortex and hence leading to the occurrence of swirl instability. In addition, the magnitude of positive axial velocity is identified to be of great significance in vorticity enhancement.
Electromyography-Assisted Neuromusculoskeletal Models Can Estimate Physiological Muscle Activations and Joint Moments Across the Neck Before Impacts
Authors: Silvestros Pavlos , Pizzolato Claudio , Lloyd David G. , Preatoni Ezio , Gill Harinderjit S. , Cazzola Dario
Published: September 2021

Knowledge of neck muscle activation strategies before sporting impacts is crucial for investigating mechanisms of severe spinal injuries. However, measurement of muscle activations during impacts is experimentally challenging and computational estimations are not often guided by experimental measurements. We investigated neck muscle activations before impacts with the use of electromyography (EMG)-assisted neuromusculoskeletal models. Kinematics and EMG recordings from four major neck muscles of a rugby player were experimentally measured during rugby activities. A subject-specific musculoskeletal model was created with muscle parameters informed from MRI measurements. The model was used in the calibrated EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal modeling toolbox and three neural solutions were compared: (i) static optimization (SO), (ii) EMG-assisted (EMGa), and (iii) MRI-informed EMG-assisted (EMGaMRI). EMGaMRI and EMGa significantly (p < 0.01) outperformed SO when tracking cervical spine net joint moments from inverse dynamics in flexion/extension (RMSE = 0.95, 1.14, and 2.32 N·m) but not in lateral bending (RMSE = 1.07, 2.07, and 0.84 N·m). EMG-assisted solutions generated physiological muscle activation patterns and maintained experimental cocontractions significantly (p < 0.01) outperforming SO, which was characterized by saturation and nonphysiological “on-off” patterns. This study showed for the first time that physiological neck muscle activations and cervical spine net joint moments can be estimated without assumed a priori objective criteria before impacts. Future studies could use this technique to provide detailed initial loading conditions for theoretical simulations of neck injury during impacts.
Reactor scale simulations of ALD and ALE: Ideal and non-ideal self-limited processes in a cylindrical and a 300 mm wafer cross-flow reactor
Authors: Yanguas-Gil Angel , Libera Joseph A. , Elam Jeffrey W.
Published: September 2021

We have developed a simulation tool to model self-limited processes such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and atomic layer etching inside reactors of arbitrary geometry as well the output of in situ quartz crystal microbalance and mass spectrometry. We have applied this model to two standard types of cross-flow reactors: a cylindrical tube reactor and a model 300 mm wafer reactor, and explored both ideal and nonideal self-limited kinetics. The model results are in agreement with experimental results and analytic expressions obtained using a simple plug-flow model for the cylindrical tube reactor. We also extended the simulations to consider two nonideal self-limited processes: soft-saturating processes characterized by a slow reaction pathway and processes where surface by-products can compete with the precursor for the same pool of adsorption sites. Our results show that it is possible to have a self-limited process with saturated yet inhomogeneous growth profiles due to the competition of reactor by-products. This is in agreement with experimental observations for titanium dioxide ALD from titanium tetraisopropoxide and titanium tetrachloride precursors.
Balancers Redux
Authors: Greenslade Thomas B.
Published: September 2021

In 1981 I published a note on “Balancers” as part of a series of illustrations drawn from 19th-century physics texts. Some months later a wonderful present arrived from a physics teacher in Japan, showing the range of our journal. This was the Horse and Rider Balancer in Fig. 1 that was just like the woodcut in my note. The little device, only 23 cm high, sits on a shelf in my museum of early physics teaching apparatus, and many visitors are drawn to it. This is a standard piece of early physics demonstration apparatus. The addition to the lead ball attached to the horse brings the center of mass below the point of suspension. Any movement from this equilibrium point raises the gravitational potential energy of the system and it oscillates until it gets into equilibrium once more.
Athletic Trainers’ Methods for Determining Return to Activity for Patients With an Ankle Sprain Part I: Types of Measures Used
Authors: McCann Ryan S. , Suttmiller Ashley M.B. , Gribble Phillip A. , Cavallario Julie M.
Published: September 2021

Athletic trainers are commonly responsible for clearing patients with ankle sprains for return to activity. What criteria athletic trainers typically use to determine return to activity readiness in this population remains unclear. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine criteria athletic trainers use to determine patients’ return to activity readiness following an ankle sprain. Participants varied in selected clinician-, patient-rated, and functional assessments for patients with ankle sprains. As many selected methods did not agree with expert consensus recommendations, more work is likely needed to instill best practices for evaluation of patients with ankle sprains.
Athletic Trainers’ Methods for Determining Return to Activity for Patients With an Ankle Sprain Part II: Influences of Selected Outcomes
Authors: McCann Ryan S. , Suttmiller Ashley M.B. , Gribble Phillip A. , Cavallario Julie M.
Published: September 2021

Athletic trainers’ reasons for selecting or avoiding certain evaluation techniques for patients with an ankle sprain are not fully understood. Such information is important to facilitating evidence-based practice and eliminating barriers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine what factors influence athletic trainers’ selection or avoidance of specific outcomes used to determine patients’ return to activity readiness following an ankle sprain. Participants cited many factors that facilitate and inhibit their use of best-practice recommendations and alternative methods for evaluating patients with ankle sprains. Athletic trainers’ should continue to promote facilitators and eliminate barriers to the use of best practices.
Wetted Ice With Elastic Wrap Decreases Intramuscular Temperature More Quickly Than Game Ready®
Authors: Anderson Courtney R. , Gange Kara N. , Christensen Bryan , Vettern Rachelle
Published: September 2021

Cryotherapy is a popular treatment chosen by health care providers to treat musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine which cryotherapy method, Game Ready® or a wetted ice bag with elastic wrap, caused a greater and faster decline in tissue temperature during a 30-min treatment. At 2 cm below adipose, intramuscular tissue temperatures decreased more and faster with the wetted ice treatment compared with the Game Ready® treatment at all three time points: 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min. Furthermore, wetted ice significantly decreased temperature more than Game Ready® at 20 min (peak change [Ca]GR = 3.40 °C, [Ca]WI = 6.14 °C, p = .03) and 30 min ([Ca]GR = 5.62 °C, [Ca]WI = 8.67 °C, p = .02). One of the primary goals after injury is to lower tissue temperature to decrease cellular metabolism to reduce the risk of secondary ischemic injury. No evidence exists to support the optimal tissue temperature decrease for specific physiological results with cryotherapy. However, the literature is consistent with modalities producing colder temperatures are considered a better immediate care modality to decrease cell metabolism as much as possible. Therefore, these findings suggest wetted ice with an ACE wrap would be the more effective treatment in the immediate care phase.
Validating an Adjustment to the Intermittent Critical Power Model for Elite Cyclists—Modeling W′ Balance During World Cup Team Pursuit Performances
Authors: Bartram Jason C. , Thewlis Dominic , Martin David T. , Norton Kevin I.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Modeling intermittent work capacity is an exciting development to the critical power model with many possible applications across elite sport. With the Skiba 2 model validated using subelite participants, an adjustment to the model’s recovery rate has been proposed for use in elite cyclists (Bartram adjustment). The team pursuit provides an intermittent supramaximal event with which to validate the modeling of W′ in this population. Methods: Team pursuit data of 6 elite cyclists competing for Australia at a Track World Cup were solved for end W′ values using both the Skiba 2 model and the Bartram adjustment. Each model’s success was evaluated by its ability to approximate end W′ values of 0 kJ, as well as a count of races modeled to within a predetermined error threshold of ±1.840 kJ. Results: On average, using the Skiba 2 model found end W′ values different from zero (P = .007; mean ± 95% confidence limit, –2.7 ± 2.0 kJ), with 3 out of 8 cases ending within the predetermined error threshold. Using the Bartram adjustment on average resulted in end W′ values that were not different from zero (P = .626; mean ± 95% confidence limit, 0.5 ± 2.5 kJ), with 4 out of 8 cases falling within the predetermined error threshold. Conclusions: On average, the Bartram adjustment was an improvement to modeling intermittent work capacity in elite cyclists, with the Skiba 2 model underestimating the rate of W′ recovery. In the specific context of modeling team pursuit races, all models were too variable for effective use; hence, individual recovery rates should be explored beyond population-specific rates.
Power Profile of Top 5 Results in World Tour Cycling Races
Authors: van Erp Teun , Lamberts Robert P. , Sanders Dajo
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study evaluated the power profile of a top 5 result achieved in World Tour cycling races of varying types, namely: flat sprint finish, semi-mountain race with a sprint finish, semi-mountain race with uphill finish, and mountain races (MT). Methods: Power output data from 33 professional cyclists were collected between 2012 and 2019. This large data set was filtered so that it only included top 5 finishes in World Tour races (18 participants and 177 races). Each of these top 5 finishes were subsequently classified as flat sprint finish, semi-mountain race with uphill finish, semi-mountain race with a sprint finish, and MT based on set criteria. Maximal mean power output (MMP) for a wide range of durations (5 s to 60 min), expressed in both absolute (in Watts) and relative terms (in Watts per kilogram), were assessed for each race type. Result: Short-duration power outputs (<60 s), both in relative and in absolute terms, are of higher importance to be successful in flat sprint finish and semi-mountain race with a sprint finish. Longer-duration power outputs (≥3 min) are of higher importance to be successful in semi-mountain race with uphill finish and MT. In addition, relative power outputs of >10 minutes seem to be a key determining factor for success in MT. These race-type specific MMPs of importance (ie, short-duration MMPs for sprint finishes, longer-duration MMPs for races with more elevation gain) are performed at a wide range (80%–97%) of the cyclist’s personal best MMP. Conclusions: This study shows that the relative importance of certain points on the power–duration spectrum varies with different race types and provides insight into benchmarks for achieving a result in a World Tour cycling race.
Ubiquitin is a carbon dioxide–binding protein
Authors: Linthwaite Victoria L. , Pawloski Wes , Pegg Hamish B. , Townsend Philip D. , Thomas Michael J. , So Victor K. H. , Brown Adrian P. , Hodgson David R. W. , Lorimer George H. , Fushman David , Cann Martin J.
Published: September 2021

Altered ubiquitin conjugation is a mechanism by which mammalian cells can respond to fluctuating
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Supplemental Material: Age, material source, and formation mechanism of bedding-parallel calcite beef veins: Case from the mature Eocene lacustrineshales in the Biyang Sag, Nanxiang Basin, China
Authors: Su Ao , al. et
Published: September 2021

Figure S1: Correlations of vein density vs. TOC, calcite, and dolomite contents of host shales; Figure S2: The box plots of calcite contents in shale samples with and without beef veins; Table S1: LA-MC-ICP-MS carbonate U-Pb dating data.
Dacryolithiasis diagnosis and treatment: a 25-year experience using nasal endoscopy
Authors: Khorrami Kashi Alexis , Keilani Chafik , Nguyen Thien-Huong , Keller Pierre , Elahi Sina , Piaton Jean-Marie
Published: September 2021

Background

Dacryolith-induced epiphora is caused by a chronic obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct whose aetiology is often specified peroperatively. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been often regarded as the gold standard to treat dacryolithiasis. Hasner’s valve (HV) incision is a technique to evacuate lithiasis through its physiological track. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and radiological findings associated with presence of dacryoliths in patients who underwent surgery and to assess the efficacy of these two procedures.

Methods

This study was a comparative interventional multicentric retrospective study including patients referred for an epiphora. The primary endpoint was to determine clinical and endoscopic findings associated with dacryoliths. The secondary endpoints were to evaluate the performance of CT dacryocystography (CT-DG) in the diagnosis of dacryoliths and the success rate of the surgical treatment 6 months postoperatively.

Results

4677 nasolacrimal ducts (NLDs) (78.0% female, mean age 59.2) were included in the study. 3913 underwent DCR, and 764 underwent HV incision. 291 out of 4677 NLDs (6.2%) were found to have dacryoliths. Presence of mucocele associated to a permeable lacrimal system (OR 8.17 (95% 4.62 to 14.44), p<0.01) was associated with presence of lithiasis peroperatively. Success rates at 6 months were 95.6% for endonasal DCR and 94.6% for incision of HV in dacryolithiasis group (p<0.01). CT-DG had a negative predictive value of 96.3% to detect lithiasis (p<0.01).

Conclusion

Strong clinical and endoscopic findings may improve the imputability of dacryoliths in epiphora. Evacuation of dacryolithiasis through its physiological track was first described in this study in adults with similar results to DCR in patients presenting with dacryolithiasis.
Serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 following non-hospitalised infection: clinical and ethnodemographic features associated with the magnitude of the antibody response
Authors: Shields Adrian M , Faustini Sian E , Perez-Toledo Marisol , Jossi Sian , Allen Joel D , Al-Taei Saly , Backhouse Claire , Dunbar Lynsey A , Ebanks Daniel , Emmanuel Beena , Faniyi Aduragbemi A , Garvey Mark , Grinbergs Annabel , McGinnell Golaleh , O'Neill Joanne , Watanabe Yasunori , Crispin Max , Wraith David C , Cunningham Adam F , Drayson Mark T , Richter Alex G
Published: September 2021

Objective

To determine clinical and ethnodemographic correlates of serological responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein following mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

Design

A retrospective cohort study of healthcare workers who had self-isolated due to COVID-19.

Setting

University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK (UHBFT).

Participants

956 healthcare workers were recruited by open invitation via UHBFT trust email and social media between 27 April 2020 and the 8 June 2020.

Intervention

Participants volunteered a venous blood sample that was tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies. Results were interpreted in the context of the symptoms of their original illness and ethnodemographic variables.

Results

Using an assay that simultaneously measures the combined IgG, IgA and IgM response against the spike glycoprotein (IgGAM), the overall seroprevalence within this cohort was 46.2% (n=442/956). The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin isotypes was 36.3%, 18.7% and 8.1% for IgG, IgA and IgM, respectively. IgGAM identified serological responses in 40.6% (n=52/128) of symptomatic individuals who reported a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Increasing age, non-white ethnicity and obesity were independently associated with greater IgG antibody response against the spike glycoprotein. Self-reported fever and fatigue were associated with greater IgG and IgA responses against the spike glycoprotein. The combination of fever and/or cough and/or anosmia had a positive predictive value of 92.3% for seropositivity in self-isolating individuals a time when Wuhan strain SARS-CoV-2 was predominant.

Conclusions and relevance

Assays employing combined antibody detection demonstrate enhanced seroepidemiological sensitivity and can detect prior viral exposure even when PCR swabs have been negative. We demonstrate an association between known ethnodemographic risk factors associated with mortality from COVID-19 and the magnitude of serological responses in mild-to-moderate disease.