bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un análisis sobre la aplicabilidad de la inteligencia artificial en el derecho colombiano
Authors: Suárez Manrique Wilson Yesid , De León Vargas Georgina Isabel , Monsalve Pinto John Jairo
Published: January 2024

La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial (ia) al derecho presenta insondables ventajas y desafíos. En materia judicial las principales aporías estructurales que conllevan a la mora judicial y los cuestionamientos de la fundamentación interna y externa de las decisiones judiciales pueden gestionarse de forma plausible mediante algoritmos. El presente artículo parte de la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial al derecho en el trámite de los procesos, la práctica y valoración de las pruebas, y la argumentación jurídica. Desde esta óptica pretende determinar y ponderar las implicaciones de la inteligencia artificial para la resolución de los casos de tutela, tomando como referente el derecho fundamental a la tutela judicial efectiva.
Relações de trabalho no âmbito do Corredor Bioceânico com foco no Brasil
Authors: Maciel de Almeida Aquino João Victor , Da Silva Félix Ynes
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os primeiros impactos em matéria de trabalho relativos à implementação do Corredor Bioceânico. Trata-se de um projeto de infraestrutura logística proeminente e que trará efeitos econômicos e, consequentemente, sociais, em um ambiente complexo e com a incidência de múltiplos fatores. O trajeto deste projeto atravessará regiões do Brasil, do Paraguai, da Argentina e do Chile. Far-se-á uma análise jurídica enfocada no espaço geográfico brasileiro, identificando os principais aspectos relativos ao desenvolvimento e afetação do trabalho, relacionando-os aos meios que poderão ser utilizados para a proteção das relações de trabalho. Para atingir esse objetivo, utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, que inclui a análise de um material bibliográfico diverso, além de consultas a produções técnicas e normas nacionais e internacionais. Como resultado, verificou-se a necessidade de ordenar normas internacionais, combase principalmente em direitos humanos, para viabilizar uma resposta adequada que seja capaz demitigar os efeitos negativos em matéria de trabalho.
Aplicabilidad de la autoría mediata por dominio de la organización en Colombia: comparación con los ordenamientos germánico, peruano y argentino
Authors: Salgado González Álvaro , Serpa Sua Edgardo Manuel , García Tarrá Carolina
Published: January 2024

Debido a la evolución de la criminalidad, se hizo necesario pensar en nuevas formas de imputarle responsabilidad a aquellos agentes que no participan de manera directa y muchas veces siquiera cercana al hecho punible. Gran parte de la doctrina penal comenzó a brindar soluciones para la judicialización de la macrocriminalidad, las cuales eran propuestas bajo el contexto de sus ordenamientos internos. Dentro de la gama de soluciones brindadas reluce la desarrollada por Claus Roxin, quien fundamenta la responsabilidad de los superiores a partir de una reformulación de la autoría mediata, concibiéndola como un dominio sobre la organización, este postulado fue aceptado y aplicado por ordenamientos foráneos a la nacionalidad del teórico, como el peruano o el argentino, y en la última década, se ha querido aplicar en Colombia. Ahora bien, como son tradiciones jurídicas las que han venido adoptando dicho postulado, realizamos una investigación microcomparativa con enfoque en la autoría mediata como institución jurídico penal presente en los ordenamientos escogidos, con el fin de determinar las características propias de los sistemas alemanes, peruanos y argentino para constatar la aplicabilidad de dicha teoría en Colombia, lo que nos dio como resultado un margen de excepcionalidad, es decir, un marco bastante limitado en el cual se hace posible la aplicación de la tesis del instrumento responsable.
El error como causal de exclusión de la responsabilidad en el derecho disciplinario
Authors: Ramírez Torrado María Lourdes , Escobar Marsiglia Ana Catalina
Published: January 2024

El error como causal de exclusión de la responsabilidad disciplinaria plantea algunos interrogantes, entre otras razones, debido al tipo de diseño normativo que se emplea en este sector y por el número de obligaciones legales y prohibiciones que deben cumplir los funcionarios públicos. En ese entendido, el objetivo de este artículo es revisar el alcance del error como causal de exclusión de la responsabilidad en materia disciplinaria. Para ello, se recurrió a la revisión de la doctrina,la norma, la jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado, junto a los fallos de la Procuraduría General de la Nación, centrándonos en la revisión de los pronunciamientos del periodo 2011-2021. Entre otras cuestiones, se halló que existe un enfrentamiento entre las posturas de los falladores, toda vez que resultan contrarias, lo que termina ocasionando que el disciplinado no tenga total nitidez de las consecuencias de sus actuaciones.
Da possibilidade de usucapião de bens de empresas públicas
Authors: Goiabeira Rosa Luiz Carlos , Cesar Félix Vinícius , Resende Silva Isabela Aparecida
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade de usucapião de bens pertencentesa empresas públicas, como decorrência da efetivação do imperativo constitucional de função social da propriedade. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método dedutivo, partindo-se da efetividade dos direitos fundamentais. Serão examinados o direito à propriedade e o instituto da usucapião, incluindo seus conceitos, limites e relevância para o contexto social. Além disso, serão exploradas as funções e finalidades das empresas públicas e, ao final, buscar-se-á a possibilidade de usucapião com base na atividade praticada pela empresa pública, de forma a que não se configure desobediência à insuscetibilidade de bens públicos prevista pela Constituição Federal.
Processo de análise hierárquica para definição do melhor destino turístico de Pernambuco
Authors: Bezerra Thales Ramon de Queiroz , Lima Alyson Souza
Published: January 2024

O turismo é uma importante ferramenta de desenvolvimento socioeconômico de uma comunidade, pois promove a geração de emprego, renda, qualificação profissional, atração de investimentos em infraestrutura e arrecadação de impostos. Em Pernambuco, a atividade se concentra principalmente na zona litorânea devido ao destaque do segmento turístico de Sol e Praia. Isso resulta na convergência de grande parte dos fluxos turísticos, assim como investimentos dos setores público e privado na região. Portanto, o turismo deve ser planejado e executado de maneira descentralizada, com foco na promoção do crescimento regional, do litoral ao sertão do estado. Para esse fim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e hierarquizar os critérios que melhor representam as demandas dos turistas na escolha do destino turístico em Pernambuco. Nesse sentido, foi aplicado um questionário para entender as expectativas, motivações e o perfil dos turistas e, com base nesses resultados, foram eleitos os principais critérios a serem analisados por especialistas da área, através do método Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP, que auxilia na tomada de decisão a partir da lógica matemática. Os resultados das matrizes AHP elegeram os três critérios mais importantes, utilizados para a análise comparativa dos 35 municípios divulgados como os principais destinos turísticos do estado na campanha “Bora Pernambucar”. Três destinos apresentaram a melhor pontuação, caracterizados por: oferta de atividades emocionantes, como turismo de aventura, grande diversidade de atrativos naturais e culturais e ações de marketing digital na sua divulgação/comercialização. A matriz final projetou Fernando de Noronha como melhor destino turístico de Pernambuco.
Trabajar patrimonio local a partir de fuentes históricas documentales. Propuesta didáctica para el noroeste español a partir de las percepciones del alumnado
Authors: Suárez Álvarez Patricia , García Morís Roberto
Published: January 2024

Tras llevar a cabo una investigación histórica, se presenta una propuesta de trasferencia desde la historia local hacia la historia escolar. A través de un ejemplo aplicado al norte de España, concretamente al concejo de Carreño (Asturias, España), que se investigó desde el punto de vista histórico, se propuso una trasferencia didáctica que parte del estudio de las representaciones escolares sobre el medio próximo. En la propuesta se problematizan los saberes históricos escolares a través del uso de fuentes documentales que dan visibilidad a espacios, temáticas y personas, tradicionalmente invisibilizados por la historia escolar, pero que forman parte de la historia social o de la historia de las mujeres desde hace décadas. El caso escogido nos ha permitido identificar fuentes locales útiles para este cometido, generando una propuesta alineada con el nuevo marco curricular español.
Changements de la structure sociale de la Pologne rurale entre 1991 et 2015
Authors: Halamska Maria
Published: January 2024

L’article est consacré aux changements de la structure socio-professionnelle de la Pologne rurale durant le quart de siècle compris entre 1990 et 2015, une période marquée par la transformation post-communiste et la première décennie de ladhésion à l’Union européenne. Pendant cette période, on a observé d’importants changements dans la structure rurale résultant de trois processus principaux : ‒ la dépaysannisantion et la désagrarisation, la part des agriculteurs diminue passant de 46% à 26% ce qui signifie qu’ils ne sont plus majoritaires dans la structure de la campagne ; ‒ la prolétarisation, la part des ouvriers augmente, passant de 33% à 45%, ce qui signifie qu’ils sont devenus le premier groupe dans la structure socio-professionnelle de la campagne ; ‒ l’embourgeoisement, la part de la classe moyenne augmente, passant de 15% à 28%, celle-ci devenant ainsi un acteur significatif à la campagne. Ces processus n’ont pas suivi les mêmes dynamiques. On relève l’importance de l’embougeoisement/gentrification et de la dépaysannisantion/désagrarisation. Les changements ont été plus rapides au cours de la période de la transformation post-communiste. La rapidité des changements varie selon les territoires, ce qui se traduit par l’apparition de divers types de structure locale en Pologne. Ces changements se déroulaient selon le modèle universel dans les pays occidentaux développés, mais leur spécificité consiste en ce que ces processus ont lieu simultanément et non pas successivement. La base empirique est constituée par des sondages sociologiques représentatifs (les données groupées en catégories de l’ISCO-08), à savoir le Polski Generalny Sondaż Społeczny en 1992 et les Diagnoza Społeczna de 2003 et 2015.
La participation citoyenne dans les zones rurales de Pologne et de France
Authors: Starosta Paweł
Published: January 2024

La participation citoyenne, nommée également engagement citoyen (Pattie et al., 2003), est une sous-catégorie du concept plus large de participation sociale (Misztal, 1977). En sciences sociales, elle apparait comme une dimension incontournable pour analyser la société civile. L’objectif de cet article est de tenter de répondre à trois questions principales : 1. Quel est le niveau général de participation citoyenne de la population habitant dans les zones rurales en Pologne et en France à la fin de a deuxième décennie du XXIe siècle et quelle est l’ampleur des variations de participation entre ces deux pays ? 2. Quels modèles de participation citoyenne dominent dans les populations des zones rurales en Pologne et en France ? 3. Lequel des modèles suivants visant à expliquer la variation de la participation citoyenne (le modèle du statut socio-économique, le modèle du capital social ou le modèle de l’attachement) convient le mieux pour expliquer la variation de la participation de la population européenne. Des données issues de la neuvième édition de l’Enquête sociale européenne menée dans 29 pays européens en 2018, auprès de 49 519 participants permettront de répondre à ces questions. Seules les données concernant 1352 personnes vivant dans des zones rurales en Pologne (664 individus) et en France (688 individus) ont été utilisées dans le cadre de notre analyse.
THE ONLINE-BASED ECONOMICAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR 4.0 INDUSTRY IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA
Authors: Supriyadi Aditya Prastian , Amnesti Sheila Kusuma Wardani , Zulaicha Siti
Published: January 2024

The New Normal era during the covid-19 pandemic resulted in industry 4.0 business players having difficulty in dealing with dispute resolution due to financial problems and policy restrictions. The reformation of online dispute resolution media is needed due to the difficulty of mobility and the high cost cutting. Before the implementation, it is necessary to have concrete formula of an online dispute resolution concept because the legal basis in Indonesia is not yet qualified. This study aims to conceptualize the legal basis for online dispute resolution in the business world, which is currently not accommodated by the Indonesian laws. It also examines the development of an online dispute resolution model as a technical regulation applied to the industrial sector 4.0. This study uses legal normative research. The study approach uses an online dispute resolution conceptual system and alternative dispute resolution legislation. The results show that online dispute resolution is a new form of quick, inexpensive justice principle that can reform business law in the technology era. Several dispute resolution models can be developed online and used for implementing regulations, especially for dispute resolution media in the industrial sector 4.0.Era New Normal di masa pandemi covid-19 mengakibatkan para pelaku usaha industri 4.0 mengalami kesulitan dalam menangani penyelesaian sengketa karena masalah keuangan dan pembatasan kebijakan. Reformasi media penyelesaian sengketa secara online perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala sulitnya mobilitas dan pemotongan biaya tinggi. Sebelum dilaksanakan, terlebih dahulu perlu ada rumusan konkrit konsep penyelesaian sengketa secara online karena landasan hukum di Indonesia belum memenuhi syarat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkonseptualisasikan dasar hukum penyelesaian sengketa online di dunia bisnis yang saat ini tidak diakomodir oleh undang-undang Indonesia. Selain itu juga mengkaji pengembangan model penyelesaian sengketa online sebagai regulasi teknis yang dapat diterapkan pada sektor industri 4.0. Studi ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah sistem konseptual penyelesaian sengeketa online dan perundang-undangan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa online adalah bentuk baru dari asas keadilan yang cepat dan murah yang bisa mereformasi hukum bisnis di era teknologi. Beberapa model penyelesaian sengketa dapat dikembangkan secara online dan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar implementasi aturan, khususnya untuk media penyelesaian sengketa di sektor industri 4.0.
ASH-SHULH AS AN ATTEMPT OF SHARIA MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS TO SOLVE SHARIA ECONOMIC DISPUTES IN MADURA SOCIETY
Authors: Hariyanto Erie , Harisah Harisah , Hamzah Moh , Faidi Ach. , Umam Hoirul
Published: January 2024

The disputes resolution in the sharia financial institution gives opportunity and challenge for the Religious Court. Society tends to use ash-shulh by conducting deliberation in solving every dispute. This dispute resolution is taken because of the given legal freedom for society. Its purpose is to analyze the information on opportunities and challenges of the Religious Court as the judicial institution that has absolute authority in solving sharia economic disputes. This is qualitative research by studying secondary data and doing online and offline interviews with the informant. The Religious Court also plays a role in solving the disputes in the sharia microfinance institutions which generally choose the alternative way in disputes resolution by doing the negotiation. The study reveals that the sharia microfinance institutions depend on alternative ways in their dispute resolution such as negotiation and mediation by involving religious figures like Kyai. Madura society puts their trust in the religious figures more than the official institutions appointed in the Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2016 concerning the Mediation in Court. However, the disputes resolution taken by society with the involvement of Kyai, is still based on the decree of the Religious Court in solving sharia disputes as a legal reference and a procedure taken by the judges.Penyelesaian sengketa di lembaga keuangan syariah memberikan peluang dan tantangan tersendiri bagi Pengadilan Agama. Masyarakat memiliki kecenderungan menggunakan ash-shulh dengan cara musyawarah mufakat dalam menyelesaikan setiap sengketa. Upaya penyelesaian sengketa ini dipilih karena kebebasan hukum bagi masyarakat untuk memilih jalan penyelesaian sengketa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui data sekunder serta wawancara kepada informan, baik secara online maupun offline. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa lembaga keuangan mikro syariah memilih jalur alternatif penyelesaian sengketa seperti perundingan dan mediasi dengan melibatkan melibatkan seorang tokoh agama seperti Kyai. Masyarakat Madura lebih percaya terhadap tokoh agama dibandingkan lembaga resmi yang telah ditetapkan oleh Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 tahun 2016 tentang Mediasi di Peradilan. Namun, penyelesaian sengketa yang diambil masyarakat dengan melibatkan Kyai, tetap mengacu pada keputusan pengadilan agama dalam menyelesaikan sengketa syariah sebagai acuan hukum dan cara yang diambil oleh para hakim.
CONSUMER LEGAL PROTECTION EFFORTS THROUGH HALAL CERTIFICATION POLICY FOR SMALL MEDIUM INDUSTRY IN PONOROGO
Authors: Maulidia Rohmah
Published: January 2024

This article aims to further explore the halal certification policy for small and mediumsized industries in Ponorogo Regency after the issuance of the Law Number 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Assurance. This paper is an empirical legal research with a sociology of law approach with primary data based on interviews. Primary data and secondary data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive method. This article finds that the policy for mandatory halal certification for Small and Medium Industries in Ponorogo is based on the Law on Halal Product Assurance and other technical regulations for halal certification. Structurally, the authority for certification of Small and Medium Industries is in the Agency for the Halal Product Assurance Agency, Ministry of Religion, Ponorogo Regency. Culturally, the Small and Medium Industry Institute in Ponorogo welcomes the ease of halal certification by the Ministry of Religion of the Regency’s Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency. This article has contributed to increasing the awareness of Small and Medium Industry actors, as well as the proactive efforts of the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency and the Ponorogo Regency Government to Small and Medium Industries in the form of technical guidance, workshops and socialization of the halal certification program.Artikel ini bertujuan menggali lebih jauh kebijakan sertifikasi halal bagi industri kecil dan menengah di Kabupaten Ponorogo pasca lahirnya Undang-undang Jaminan Produk Halal Nomor 33 tahun 2014. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologi hukum dengan data primer berasarkan hasil wawancara. Data primer dan data sekunder dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Artikel ini menemukan hasil bahwa kebijakan kewajiban sertifikasi halal bagi Industri Kecil Menengah di Ponorogo didasarkan pada adanya Undang-Undang tentang Jaminan Produk Halal serta peraturan teknis sertifikasi halal lainnya. Secara struktur, kewenangan sertifikasi Industri Kecil Menengah berada di Lembaga Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Ponorogo. Secara kultur, Lembaga Industri Kecil Menengah di Ponorogo menyambut baik kemudahan sertifikasi halal Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal Kementerian agama Kabupaten. Artikel ini memiliki kontribusi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran para pelaku Industri Kecil Menengah menjaga hak dan kepuasan konsumen, serta adanya upaya proaktif Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal dan Pemerintahan Kabupaten Ponorogo kepada Industri Kecil Menengah dalam bentuk bimbingan teknis, workshop dan sosialisasi program sertifikasi halal.
DATA OWNERSHIP IN REGULATING BIG DATA IN INDONESIA THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Authors: Disemadi Hari Sutra
Published: January 2024

Big data is the process of collecting, analyzing, and utilizing data, which is necessary for the development of many kinds of technologies that are already highly-integrated into the daily lives of many people. The concept of data ownership is often used to be the basis to support the efforts to regulate big data. This point of view argues that data has a number of elements of ownership that needs to be recognized by intellectual property law but does not clearly explain the conceptual connection of data, big data, and intellectual property. Using the normative legal research method, this article found out that the integration of intellectual property elements into the conceptualization of big data regulation could threaten the antitrust or business competition climate in Indonesia. Additionally, the normative space for big data regulations through the intellectual property rights perspective is still too small to be comprehensively described and still needs more concrete evidence from the actual utilization of big data itself. This research aims at providing points of normative reference for future studies on the potentials and risks of regulating big data under the framework of intellectual property law.Big data merupakan proses pengumpulan, analisis dan pemanfaatan data yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan berbagai macam teknologi yang sudah sangat terintegrasi dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Konsep kepemilikan data merupakan konsep yang kerap dijadikan dasar dalam upaya meregulasi big data. Sudut pandang ini berargumen bahwa data memiliki unsur kepemilikan yang harus dihormati oleh hukum kekayaan intelektual, namun tidak secara jelas menjelaskan konseptualisasi antara data, big data, dan kekayaan intelektual. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian ini menemukan adanya pelekatan nilai kekayaan intelektual ke dalam konseptualisasi pengaturan big data, yang mana dapat mengancam iklim persaingan usaha di Indonesia dan secara normatif pengaturan big data melalui hak kekayaan intelektual masih sangat kecil untuk dijabarkan dan membutuhkan bukti yang lebih konkret dari pemanfaatan big data itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rekomendasi secara normatif untuk penelitian di masa mendatang mengenai peluang dan risiko pengaturan big data dalam kerangka hukum kekayaan intelektual.
AN ISLAMIC SPIRIT FOR BUSINESS ETHICS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF FINTECH PEER TO PEER LENDING: Why Does Indonesia Need It?
Authors: Supriyadi Aditya Prastian
Published: January 2024

The growth of Fintech Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending in Indonesia is one of the supports for national economic development. The positive growth of this financial sector is not supported by proportional rules, resulting in the practices of business ethics violation which is detrimental to society. To overcome these problems, the spirit of Islam can be the basis for determining ethical and business measures into a better legal framework for Fintech P2P Lending. This article applies a normative legal research method using a conceptual approach and legislation relevant to the theme of the study. The research results indicate that Fintech P2P Lending in Indonesia needs to be regulated in a qualified legal framework because the existing rules have not been able to solve unethical actions of businessmen. The business concept in Islam also accommodates ethical issues that must be applied in business activities as a harmless commerce spirit. This Islamic spirit can be used as a source of material law in determining a clear legal framework to uphold Fintech P2P Lending business ethics so as not to harm the Indonesian people.Pertumbuhan fintech peer-to-peer (P2P) lending di Indonesia merupakan salah satu penunjang pembangunan ekonomi nasional. Pertumbuhan positif sektor keuangan ini tidak diikuti dengan aturan yang proporsional sehingga menimbulkan praktik-praktik yang melanggar etika bisnis dan sangat merugikan masyarakat. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, semangat Islam dapat menjadi landasan untuk menentukan langkah-langkah etis dan bisnis ke dalam kerangka hukum fintech P2P lending yang lebih baik. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan dengan tema penelitian. Hasil penelitian dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa fintech P2P Lending di Indonesia perlu diatur dalam kerangka hukum yang mumpuni karena aturan yang ada belum mampu mengatasi tindakan tidak etis dari para pelaku bisnis. Konsep bisnis dalam Islam juga mengakomodir persoalan etika yang harus diterapkan dalam kegiatan bisnis sebagai spirit perdagangan yang tidak merugikan. Semangat keislaman ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber hukum materil dalam menentukan kerangka hukum yang jelas untuk menegakkan etika bisnis fintech P2P lending agar tidak merugikan masyarakat Indonesia.
HALAL CERTIFICATION IN INDONESIA: Study of Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation
Authors: Jubaedah Dedah , Nor Mohd Roslan Mohd , Taeali Asman , Putra Haris Maiza , Jauhari Moh. Ahsanuddin , Aniq Ahmad Fathan
Published: January 2024

The enactment of the Job Creation Law in approval of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022, which became Law No. 6 of 2023 on Job Creation, has resulted in significant changes in halal certification in Indonesia, which is the main focus of this research. This study aims to discuss halal certification in Indonesia following the implementation of the omnibus law on job creation. The author adopts a standardized legal approach and a descriptive-analytical approach through literature research. The research findings indicate that comprehensive legislation is expected to streamline the halal certification process in Indonesia. There are important changes regarding halal certification in Law No. 6 of 2023 compared to Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. This regulation aims to accelerate and enhance efficiency in halal certification, ensuring legal certainty and fostering trust among Muslim consumers in halal products. The growth of micro-enterprises in terms of expediting halal certification shows positive trends. The research contributes new perspectives and original findings that positively impact problem-solving or theory development in the advancement of halal certification in Indonesia.Lahirnya UU Cipta Kerja sebagai pengesahan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja telah menghasilkan perubahan signifikan dalam sertifikasi halal di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas sertifikasi halal di Indonesia pasca penerapan omnibus law penciptaan lapangan kerja. Penulis mengadopsi pendekatan hukum standar dan pendekatan deskriptif-analitik melalui penelitian literatur. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan yang komprehensif diharapkan dapat merampingkan proses sertifikasi halal di Indonesia. Ada perubahan penting terkait sertifikasi halal pada UU No 6 Tahun 2023 dibandingkan dengan UU No 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Regulasi ini bertujuan untuk mempercepat dan meningkatkan efisiensi dalam sertifikasi halal, menjamin kepastian hukum dan menumbuhkan kepercayaan konsumen muslim terhadap produk halal. Pertumbuhan usaha mikro dalam hal percepatan sertifikasi halal menunjukkan tren yang positif. Penelitian ini menyumbangkan perspektif baru dan temuan orisinal yang berdampak positif terhadap pemecahan masalah atau pengembangan teori dalam kemajuan sertifikasi halal di Indonesia.
THE CORPORATE SPIN-OFF: An Examination of Islamic Banking Legal and Regulatory Framework
Authors: Yuspin Wardah , Pamungkas Baskoro Tri , Wardiono Kelik , Ni'ami Mutimatun , Zuhdi Syaifuddin
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to instigate the implementation of Article 68 of the Islamic Banking Act, which obliges Islamic divisions to be separated from their parent banks. This study attempted to reveal a legal solution so that the obligations can be turned into a corporate action. The argument presented by a critical review approach based on a literature review using secondary data. The solution still considers spin-offs a necessity, not a mandate. It is supposed to be considered a corporate action that its implemented based on readiness so the article needs to be amended. This paper proposes changes to the article on spin-offs for the development of Islamic Banking in Indonesia with practical benefits. Alternative changes can be completed in three ways: first, by issuing Financial Services Authority Regulation (FSAR), which makes the spin-off a corporate action. This method is unconstitutional because FSAR is structurally under the Constitution. The second alternative is done by submitting a judicial review of Article 68 to the Constitutional Court. Finally, the third is by enacting the omnibus law of Islamic economics. Those three options have both advantages and disadvantages. Thus, it is necessary to further find out which solution is most prospective for advancing Islamic banking.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendorong penerapan Pasal 68 Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah yang mewajibkan divisi syariah dipisahkan dari bank induknya. Kajian ini mencoba mengungkap solusi hukum agar kewajiban tersebut dapat berubah menjadi aksi korporasi. Argumen yang disajikan menggunakan pendekatan Solusinya tetap menganggap spin off sebagai kebutuhan, bukan sebagai mandat. Hal ini seharusnya dianggap sebagai corporate action yang pelaksanaannya berdasarkan kesiapan sehingga pasal tersebut perlu diubah. Makalah ini mengusulkan perubahan pasal spin-off untuk perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia dengan manfaat praktis. Alternatif perubahan bisa dilakukan dengan tiga cara, pertama dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (POJK) yang menjadikan spin off sebagai corporate action. Cara ini inkonstitusional karena POJK secara struktural berada di bawah konstitusi. Alternatif kedua dilakukan dengan mengajukan uji materi pasal 68 ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Terakhir, yang ketiga adalah dengan pengundangan omnibus law ekonomi syariah. Ketiga pilihan tersebut memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Untuk itu perlu dikaji lebih lanjut solusi mana yang paling prospektif untuk memajukan perbankan syariah.
THE KAFALA SYSTEM AS ONE OF THE FIRST INSTRUMENTS OF SLAVERY AND IGNORANCE IN ISLAMIC VIEWS
Authors: Meirison Meirison , Rahmi Rahmi , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: January 2024

This article aims to discuss the problems of kafala in dealing with labor. In Islam, the kafala serves a noble purpose: it ensures that less well-off people are financially secure in the face of legal issues. This article discusses the shift in the value of kafala in the Middle East because there has been a gap between kafala in Islamic Sharia and its practice in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Arab Emirates. This study used a qualitative descriptive analysis approach based on a literature study supported by personal experience and found that the kafala existing in modern times was not the same as the kafala intended by Islam because it originated from different sources. The concept of kafala has devolved into modern slavery. The kafala was abolished amid much controversy, and little has changed. Thousands of migrant domestic workers are exploited and subjected to horrendous working conditions that, at worst, amount to modern slavery. The law does not protect female workers, and the government has no intention to change the current system. We find that kafala, which initially had a noble purpose, has turned into a device for exploiting workers against a background of abundant natural resources.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas permasalahan kafala dalam menangani tenaga kerja. Dalam Islam, kafala memiliki tujuan mulia: memastikan bahwa orang yang kurang mampu aman secara finansial dalam menghadapi masalah hukum. Artikel ini membahas tentang pergeseran nilai kafala di Timur Tengah karena telah terjadi kesenjangan antara kafalah yang ada dalam Syariat Islam dan praktiknya di negara seperti Saudi Arabia, Bahrein, Qatar dan Emirat Arab. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan studi literatur yang didukung oleh pengalaman pibadi dan menemukan bahwa kafala yang ada pada zaman modern tidak sama dengan kafala yang dimaksud oleh Islam karena berasal dari sumber yang berbeda. Konsep kafala telah berubah menjadi perbudakan modern. Kafala dihapuskan di tengah banyak kontroversi, dan hanya sedikit yang berubah. Puluhan ribu pekerja rumah tangga migran dieksploitasi dan mengalami kondisi kerja yang mengerikan, paling buruk, menjadi perbudakan modern. Undang-undang tidak melindungi pekerja perempuan, dan pemerintah tidak berniat mengubah sistem yang ada. Kami mendapatkan bahwa kafala yang semula memiliki tujuan mulia dalam syariat Islam telah berubah menjadi alat untuk mengeksploitasi buruh dengan latar belakang sumber daya alam yang melimpah.
CONVERGENCE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION, INVESTMENT LAW, AND CYBERSECURITY: An in-Depth Analysis of Three-Way Legal Intersections in Investment Apps
Authors: Hutauruk Rufinus Hotmaulana , Sudirman Lu , Disemadi Hari Sutra , Tan David
Published: January 2024

Investment apps have become an important part of the investment culture throughout the world and have helped democratize investment opportunities for many people. The utilization of investment apps in Indonesia has opened many doors for Indonesians to invest their wealth and obtain many different kinds of assets, posing cybersecurity risks that threaten the interests of their users. This study aims to analyze and provide literature for possible future legislation that affects the utilization of investment apps. Using the normative legal research method, this study analyzes the intersection of investment law and consumer protection law in Indonesia in the context of the utilization of investment apps. Through the statutory approach, this study finds that the normative restrictions within the respective laws make it difficult to properly define legal liability for many kinds of problems that can arise from cybersecurity risks in the context of the utilization of investment apps. The findings of this article serve as a contribution to the constantly expanding literature for Indonesian legal development, specifically on the quest to adapt to the changes brought about by the latest technologies.Aplikasi investasi telah menjadi bagian penting dari budaya investasi di seluruh dunia dan telah membantu mendemokratisasi peluang investasi bagi banyak orang. Penggunaan aplikasi investasi di Indonesia telah membuka banyak pintu bagi masyarakat Indonesia untuk menginvestasikan kekayaan mereka dan mendapatkan berbagai jenis aset, yang menimbulkan risiko keamanan siber yang mengancam kepentingan penggunanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menyediakan literatur untuk kemungkinan legislasi di masa depan yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan aplikasi investasi. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian ini menganalisis persinggungan antara hukum investasi dan hukum perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia dalam konteks pemanfaatan aplikasi investasi. Melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pembatasan normatif dalam masing-masing undang-undang menyulitkan untuk mendefinisikan pertanggungjawaban hukum secara tepat untuk berbagai jenis masalah yang dapat timbul dari risiko keamanan siber dalam konteks penggunaan aplikasi investasi. Temuan dari artikel ini berfungsi sebagai kontribusi terhadap literatur yang terus berkembang untuk pengembangan hukum di Indonesia, khususnya dalam upaya untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang dibawa oleh teknologi terbaru.
THE COMPATIBILITY OF INDONESIA’S JOB CREATION LAW NUMBER 11 OF 2020 WITH UNITED NATIONS GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Zainullah Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Achieving economic growth is a main driving force for the Indonesian government to enact unprecedented laws, Law Number 11 0f 2020 on Job Creation, which amend, deregulate, and harmonize 80 laws with more than 1.200 articles at one go. The law comes with human rights and environmental costs. The degradation of human rights protection as a consequence of the Job Creation Law does not correspond with the UNGPs on Business and Human Rights which aim to address human rights problems in business sectors. This work seeks to examine to what extent Job Creation Law is compatible with UNGPs by identifying the impact of Job Creation Law on human rights in the palm oil supply chain. The study finds that the simplification of environmental permit in Job Creation Law indeed increase the potential of adverse human right impacts in upstream palm oil company by lowering the right to information and participation. Although some countries have adopted UNGPs into their domestic law with different measures to make businesses accountable, downstream companies keep buying palm oil products from suppliers who violate human rights. Thus, the proposal of establishing a legal-binding instrument and holding companies liable has been raised to make HRDD effective.Mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah kekuatan pendorong utama bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk memberlakukan undang-undang yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja, yang mengamandemen, meregulasi, dan mengharmonisasi 80 undang-undang dengan lebih dari 1.200 pasal sekaligus. Undang-undang tersebut juga membawa dampak terhadap hak asasi manusia dan lingkungan. Degradasi perlindungan hak asasi manusia sebagai konsekuensi dari UU Cipta Kerja tidak sesuai dengan UNGP tentang Bisnis dan Hak Asasi Manusia yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah hak asasi manusia di sektor bisnis. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk memeriksa sejauh mana UU Cipta Kerja sesuai dengan UNGPs dengan mengidentifikasi dampak UU Cipta Kerja terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam rantai pasok kelapa sawit. Studi ini menemukan bahwa penyederhanaan izin lingkungan dalam UU Cipta Kerja memang meningkatkan potensi dampak buruk terhadap hak asasi manusia di perusahaan hulu kelapa sawit dengan menurunkan hak atas informasi dan partisipasi. Meskipun beberapa negara telah mengadopsi UNGP ke dalam hukum domestik mereka dengan berbagai langkah untuk membuat perusahaan bertanggung jawab, perusahaan hilir tetap saja membeli produk kelapa sawit dari pemasok yang melanggar hak asasi manusia. Oleh karena itu, usulan untuk membuat instrumen yang mengikat secara hukum dan meminta pertanggungjawaban perusahaan telah diajukan untuk membuat HRDD menjadi efektif.
A GA-Based Accelerator for Solving Sparse Matrices
Authors: Salah Khaled
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a novel hardware solution for solving sparse matrices using emulation technology. The proposed solution introduces a bio-inspired technique, which is Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve the sparse system of linear equations (SLEs). The proposed solution can be used with any physical system that can be modeled as SLEs. Computations involved in Finite Element Method (FEM) consume too much time, which affects the final time-to-market value. Profiling shows that the most time-consuming part in the simulation process is the solver part which is responsible for solving the resultant SLEs generated from the FEM. The total number of equations may reach thousands or millions of linear equations. Hardware implementation of GA and making a good use of parallelism in implementing the architecture accelerate the time taken by the solver part. Solving the system by classical numerical methods, such as conjugate gradient (CG) implemented in software is performed sequentially, here the architecture allows the parallelism in performing GA operators, such as selection, crossover, and mutation. The parallelism in the proposed architecture is the superiority point which we rely on. The results show that our proposed method to solve the SLEs outperforms the classical CG software implementation on run time and number of equations.
Falling-Down Possibility of Wearing Lower Extremity Exoskeleton
Authors: Lai Rong-Jer 
Published: January 2024

Falling-down can result in serious injuries for a user of walking assist device. The shape and the area of support plane of lower extremity exoskeleton vary during walking and the falling-down possibility changes with the time. The critical moments to be falling down could be identified and the countermeasures be applied through simulation of walking motion.
Evolution of Circadian Clock Automation: How Long did it Take?
Authors: Rucki Mirosław
Published: January 2024

The paper expresses the opinion on possibilities of self-assembly of advanced clock-controlled system with feedback loops in the frames of time set by the evolutionary hypothesis, i.e. max. 400 million years. The main difficulty is that the circadian system of the oldest living cell (cyanobacteria) is dependent on gene expression and photosynthesis, both of them controlled by the circadian system. Moreover, without fully developed clock and functional machinery a cianobacterial cell is unable to switch from daytime to dark regime, which sets new limitations on the evolution time. Even though the process of automation in industry began ca. 60 years ago, it is widely recognized that a mechanical clock should be treated as a structurally complex cybernetic device even though its behavior is in principle simple [1,2]. In my opinion, this applies even more to the circadian clocks in biosystems of living organisms, since the researchers point out the features like auto-regulatory loops and programming [3,4]. Circadian clocks are found in organisms ranging in complexity from unicells to mammals, where they play important role to control daily rhythms in cellular activities and behavior [5]. Researchers found out that the “extensive circadian clock networks regulate almost every biological process in plants” [6]. It is a common view that the organisms “have developed the ability to measure time on a 24-hour basis” and thus to adapt their lives to cycles of light/dark and warm/cold [7]. The question rises, however, how they developed this kind of ability, and how long did it take to produce and to assemble the parts into the working circadian clock system?
Interactive Reflex-Based Identification for the Digital Society Systems
Authors: Konyavsky Valery A 
Published: January 2024

The temptation to utilize the well-known biometric identification tools in the new digital economic systems is very high. And such practice should be banned. The given report scrutinizes the peculiarities of forensic identification, reveals the impossibility of using traditional parameters in the digital economic systems and offers a new approach, an interactive reflex-based identification, which ensures the trusted identification using untrusted devices.
Is Reinforcement Learning a Panacea for Solving All Contingencies in UAVs?
Authors: Kwan Chiman
Published: January 2024

We would like to point out that reinforcement learning (RL) needs to be used with caution in contingency planning for UAVs. A more practical approach is proposed in this opinion.
Advances in phenotyping to identify drought-resistance traits in cereal roots
Authors:   University of Queensland QAAFI, Australia, Christopher John (Jack)
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines advances in phenotyping to identify drought-resistance traits in cereal roots. The chapter first describes current root phenotyping strategies and challenges, which is then followed by an overview of important root traits to improve drought adaptation, such as root system architecture, root anatomy and changes in roots in response to drought. A section on phenotyping in controlled ex-situ conditions is also provided, which is then followed by an overview of field phenotyping, three-dimensional imaging and root interactions with the soil as well as imaging and trait data extraction. The chapter also discusses above ground correlated traits in the field, trait by environment interactions and phenotyping methods for genomic selection and molecular breeding. A case study on late, deep root development in sub-tropical wheat is also included.
Genomic selection, gene editing and genetic engineering for drought tolerance in cereals
Authors:   Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden, Ortiz Rodomiro
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides the state of the art on genomic prediction of estimated breeding values (GEBV) for selection (or genomic selection) as well as on the use of genetic engineering for both gene editing and transgenic breeding in main cereals crops. Genomic selection has been successfully used for breeding maize in drought-prone sites of Africa and Asia, while progress was noted for using GEBV for improving pearl millet, rice, sorghum and wheat germplasm. Transgenic maize-derived hybrids were released about one decade ago for growing in the US Corn Belt, and there are available transgenic rice and wheat germplasm though not yet released as new cultivars. Gene editing shows promising results for maize while research advances are noted in both rice and wheat. Combining genomic selection and gene editing may further elevate genetic gains while improving cereals crops for drought-prone environments elsewhere.
Are Community Preparing for Coastal Hazards? A Case Study on a Small Island in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Aksa Furqan Ishak , Oktari Rina Suryani , Urfan Faiz
Published: January 2024

Coastal areas are experiencing a high population density that is increasing the vulnerability of community to coastal hazards. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the preparation level of community to confront coastal hazards. Disaster preparedness was recognized to play an essential role in reducing potential losses caused by flood. However, limited studies assessed community preparedness on small islands using face-to-face interviews with community. A household survey was also conducted on community living on Pusong Island. The results showed that community preparedness was still low (38.34% of 100). Even though tidal flood events were experienced, community were not forced to take preparedness actions and move from Pusong Island. The low level was due to socialization activities and community capacity building related to coastal hazards rarely performed by the government. This study also suggested the importance of increasing the preparedness on remote islands through integrated coastal area management.