bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart beats rate indicators and structure of elite football referees’ and their assistants’ motor functioning in competition period
Authors: Chopilko T. G. , Berezka S.M.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to analyze structure of motor functioning and heart beats rate indicators in elite football referees’ and their assistants’ competition activity. Material: in the research 15 referees and referees’ assistants of Ukrainian Prime League, 30 referees and referees’ assistants of first and second professional leagues of Ukraine participated. Observations over referees’ movements in 21 professional matches of Ukrainian professional leagues were fulfilled. Distance, passed by a referee in one match was determined. Results: It was found that during one match referee (depending on his functions - referee or referee’s assistant) passes distance from 6000 to 12 000 meters. This scope of motor functioning depends also on motor activity of players and qualification level of teams-participants in the match. Motor actions of referees’ assistants change every 5 seconds during a match. During one match referee’s assistants fulfill about 20 sprints and 74 accelerations. A high temp of match total distance makes 1.2 km. Conclusions: Referees’ and referee assistants’ motor functioning and heart beats rate indicators can vary from aerobic-restoration to anaerobic-glycolytic zone. This fact shall be considered when planning program on special physical training. It should be noted that with heart beats rate of more than 180 bpm concentration of attention significantly weakens as well as ability to take prompt and correct decisions. In such cases probability of mistakes significantly increases.
John Goldingay, Job for Everyone
Authors: Fosua Safiyah
Published: November 2015

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Tércio Bretanha Junker, Prophetic Liturgy: Toward a Transforming Christian Praxis
Authors: Kim Eunjoo Mary
Published: November 2015

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Véronique Altglas, From Yoga to Kabbalah: Religious Exoticism and the Logics of Bricolage
Authors: Rippentrop Jan Schnell
Published: November 2015

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Robert M. Geraci, Virtually Sacred: Myth and Meaning in World of Warcraft and Second Life
Authors: Sigmon Casey T.
Published: November 2015

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David Schnasa Jacobsen, Mark
Authors: Mumford Debra J.
Published: November 2015

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Matthew Avery Sutton, American Apocalypse: A History of Modern Evangelicalism
Authors: Todd J. Terry
Published: November 2015

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WHY CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN MOSCOW IS LOWER THAN IN OTHER REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION?
Authors: Pogosova N. V. , Oganov R. G. , Suvorov S. V.
Published: November 2015

Since 2003 there is a decline of cardiovascular (CVD) mortality of the RF, that established in 2006 in women and in men. From 2003 to 2013 y. total coefficient of cardiovascular mortality (number of died per 100 thousand of population) decreased by 25% (698,1 vs. 927,5), although still it is higher than in the beginning of the nineties (621,0 per 100 thous. of population in 1991 y.). The significant differences in RG regions are noted by the values of morbidity and mortality from CVD. For the period 2006-2013 y. the standardized value of mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Moscow decreased by 35,7% that is 1,5 more than in RF and 1,3 more higher than in St-Petersburg, and 2,6 times more than in Moscow region. In 2012 the value of the suspected life duration (SLD) of Moscow citizens was 76,0 y. (mean in Russia — 70,0 y), and just 4 years is the gap between then and EU citizens. In 2013 SLD in Moscow reached 72,3 y. Significantly lower values of mortality from CVD and higher values of SLD can be explained by higher socio-economic level, higher psychological endurance and better availability of psychological (psychotherapeutic) help, higher level of fish, fruits and berries consumption, better availability of outpatient and high technology medical care for Moscow citizens.
A Target-Site Point Mutation in Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Confers High-Level Resistance to ALS-Inhibitors
Authors: Varanasi Vijay K. , Godar Amar S. , Peterson Dallas E. , Shoup Doug , Jugulam Mithila
Published: November 2015

Henbit is a facultative broadleaf winter annual in the Lamiaceae family. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors are primarily used to control a broad spectrum of weeds, including henbit. During 2012 to 2013, field applications of ALS-inhibiting herbicides were ineffective in controlling a henbit population from Marion County, KS (MCK). To confirm field-evolved resistance to ALS inhibitors, response of MCK henbit and a known susceptible henbit population from Kansas (DPS) to varying doses of three different ALS inhibitors were examined: chlorsulfuron, imazamox, and propoxycarbazone. Results of the dose–response experiments suggest that the MCK population is highly resistant to chlorsulfuron (resistance index [R/S] > 1,000) and propoxycarbazone (R/S = 331) but is susceptible to imazamox. A full-lengthALSgene sequence obtained using the 5′- and 3′- rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends approach revealed a Pro197to Arg point mutation (a common mutation that confers resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides, e.g., chlorsulfuron) in the MCK henbit. No other known resistance-conferring mutations were found in the study. Evolved resistance to major classes of ALS inhibitors in the MCK henbit will reduce herbicide options for its control. To our knowledge, this is the first case of evolution of herbicide resistance in henbit.
Multilingual Students´ Self-reported Use of their Language Repertoires when Writing in English
Authors: Gunnarsson Tina , Housen Alex , Van de Weier Joost , Källkvist Marie
Published: November 2015

Recent research suggests that multilingual students tend to use their complete language repertoires, particularly their L1, when writing in a non-native language (e.g. Cenoz & Gorter 2011; Wang 2003). While there is some international research on the L2 and L3 writing process among bilinguals, the L2/L3 writing process of bilingual and multilingual individuals in the Swedish context remains unexplored (Tholin 2012). This study, carried out in a Swedish secondary school, focuses on 131 bi- and multilingual students’ (age 15-16) self-reported languages of thought while writing an essay in English, which is a non-native language. Drawing on the translanguaging framework (Blackledge & Creese 2010; García 2009) and a model of the L2 writing process (Wang & Wen 2002), the questionnaire data of the present study reveal that the participants’ L1 is reported to be heavily activated during the L2 writing process, particularly at the prewriting, planning stage. Additionally, the emergent bilingual participants who grew up as monolinguals (L1 Swedish) report a greater tendency to transition to thinking in the target language (English, their L2) once they have reached the actual writing stage than some of the emergent trilingual participants who grew up as bilinguals (of Swedish and another L1, used primarily in the home). On the basis of these findings, we suggest a need to move away from the monolingual teaching practices common in Swedish schools, allowing space for students to translanguage as they are engaging with writing tasks in a non-native language.
The Management of Diversity in Schoolscapes
Authors: Szabó Tamás
Published: November 2015

The material environment of formal education (i.e., schoolscape) is determined not only by laws and local regulations, but by the visual practices of the given institution as well. Inscriptions and cultural symbols placed on the façade and the walls of the school building are tools for orienting the choice between various cultural and linguistic values and ideologies (Johnson 1980; Brown 2012). Based on photographs and research interviews collected in Budapest, I analyse both the material environments of four schools and the metadiscourses through which such spaces are interpreted and regulated. Investigation took place in both mainstream state schools as well as in private schools with alternative curriculum. In the analysis, I make use of the teachers’ accounts on the scenes investigated. I present how teachers describe the linguistic landscape, and through these statements, some policies of their schools. Incorporating both emic and etic perspectives, I present differences between two types of organizational culture, comparing state and private schools. I conclude that the schoolscape of state schools can be interpreted in line with Johnson’s (1980: 173) findings concerning “the symbolic integration of local schools and national culture”, while the private schools seemed to construct schoolscapes which foreground students' agency, and attract a special target group of parents.
Language Ideologies and Learning Historical Minority Languages
Authors: Kiss Attila
Published: November 2015

Language ideologies surrounding the learning of historical minority languages deserve more/closer attention because due to the strong nation state ideology, the relation between majority and minority languages has long been problematic, and native speakers of majority languages do not typically learn the languages of the minorities voluntarily. This article discusses the language ideologies of voluntary learners of Swedish and Hungarian in two contexts where these languages are historical minority languages. Data was collected at evening courses in Oradea, Romania and Jyväskylä, Finland on which a qualitative analysis was conducted. In the analysis, an ethnographic and discourse analysis perspective was adopted, and language ideologies were analyzed in their interactional form, acknowledging the position of the researcher in the co-construction of language ideologies in the interviews. The results show that the two contexts are very different, although there are also similarities in the language ideologies of the learners which seem to be significantly influenced by the prevailing historical discourses in place about the use and role of these languages. In the light of resilient historical metanarratives, I suggest that the challenges related to the learning of historical minority languages lie in the historical construction of modern ethnolinguistic nation-states and the present trajectories of such projects. At the same time, the learning of historical languages in contemporary globalized socio-cultural contexts can build on new post-national ideologies, such as the concept of learning historical languages as commodities.
How Much Are Car Purchases Driven by Home Equity Withdrawal? Evidence from Household Surveys
Authors: Pence Karen M. , McCully Brett , Vine Daniel J.
Published: November 2015

We use data from three nationally representative surveys to document that very few households report purchasing cars with home equity lines of credit or the proceeds from a cash-out refinancing. Households that do report using these sources of funds to purchase cars tend to be affluent and appear to have ample access to credit. These findings suggest that an easing of home-equity borrowing constraints was not the major factor driving any relationship between home prices and car sales during the housing boom in the 2000s. We discuss other mechanisms that might underlie this relationship.
Математическая модель гуморального иммунного ответа для исследования Th17 аутоиммунитета
Authors: Кузнецов С.Р. , Kuznetsov S.R.
Published: November 2015

This work is devoted to development of mathematical model, describing processes of Th and B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, as well as IFN-γ,
IL-2, IL-4 and IL-21 cytokine secretion. New approaches are suggested, allowing more accurate modelling. Special attention paid to Th17 lymphocyte impact
to effect of plasma cells and IgM and IgG antibody level increasing.
Interkonnektivitás, új média és digitális identitás a regionális kutatásban. Koncepcionális megközelítés ajánlásokkal
Authors: Fehér Katalin
Published: November 2015

A tanulmány átfogó javaslatokat fogalmaz meg a regionális kutatások számára az interkonnektivitás, az új média és a digitális identitás témakörében – társadalomtudományi megközelítéssel. Célom bemutatni azokat a trendeket és forrásokat, melyek együttesen szoros átfedést mutatnak a megjelölt témakörökben és kijelölni a vizsgálatokhoz szükséges alapfogalmakat, jelenségeket. A munka először az interkonnektivitás és a digitális ökoszisztéma alappilléreit vizsgálja, alkalmazva az információs és hálózati társadalom kapcsolódó forrásainak kiemelt következtetéseit, majd az új média vonatkozó, aktuális trendjeiről adok rövid betekintést, megemlítve az augmentálódó és virtualizálódó környezetek egyes feltörekvő innovációit térbeli kontextusban. A regionális és lokális digitális identitás kutatási lehetőségeit ez alapján definiálom, kiemelve a földrajzi-társadalmi (geo-social) média és az online kontextuális beágyazottság szempontjait. A kulcskérdések, a legfontosabb fogalmak és trendek összefoglalása mellett a tanulmány végül ajánlásokat fogalmaz meg a jövőbeni regionális kutatásokhoz: mely vizsgálati területek, eszközök és módszertani megfontolások váltak megkerülhetetlenné.
Újraiparosodás és útfüggőség: gondolatok a magyarországi ipar területi dinamikája kapcsán
Authors: Molnár Ernő , Lengyel Máté István
Published: November 2015

A hazai ipar térszerkezetének hosszabb távú fejlődése, illetve magasabb hozzáadott értéket előállító tevékenységek felé tolódása (mely a hosszabb idő alatt kialakuló, nehezen reprodukálható helyspecifikus, minőségi telepítő tényezők felértékelődését hozza magával) indokolttá teszi a folyamatok hátterében húzódó, a fejlődés szervességét, folyamatosságát képviselő tényezők kutatását. Vizsgálataink elméleti keretbe helyezése érdekében az útfüggőség változásokra nyitottabb, dinamikus koncepciója felé fordultunk, amely a múlt döntéseinek a jelen és a jövő gazdasági fejlődését befolyásoló szerepét állítja a középpontba. Ennek hangsúlyozása mellett sem kívánjuk alulértékelni azon külső hatásokat, melyek főként a külföldi működőtőke-befektetések formájában az ország ipari szerkezetváltását befolyásolják. Másrészt, az empirikus kutatásaink helyszínét képező alföldi térségek jellemzője a hagyományos iparági körzetek hiánya, melyből adódóan az útfüggőség bezáródás problémáját kiemelő, statikusabb megközelítése kevésbé tűnik alkalmas vonatkoztatási rendszernek. Empirikus vizsgálatainkat kisvárosi és középvárosi közegben végeztük. Tapasztalataink szerint a befektetők számára kevésbé vonzó kisváros iparának átalakulásában a helyi meghatározottságok szerepe nagyobb, a külföldi tőkebefektetések révén érvényesülő hatások korlátozottabbak, és közvetett módon – a helyi vállalkozások beszállítói hálózatokba kapcsolódásán keresztül – jelennek meg. A középvárosi esettanulmányban szereplő, külföldi zöldmezős beruházások helyszínét képező ipari park esetében a helyi meghatározottságok szerepe mérsékeltebb, de mégis kitapintható a múltból örökölt adottságok befolyásoló hatása, az útfüggőség megjelenése.
Publicidade dos Atos Públicos como Garantia do Estado Democrático: A Influência de Norberto Bobbio nas Decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Dal Ri Luciene , Cattani Marcos José Campos
Published: November 2015

As referências aos escritos de Norberto Bobbio, nos votos dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal, fomentaram o questionamento do âmbito de influência do autor italiano nas decisões da casa. Considerando a pluralidade de temas que emergiu da pesquisa, optou-se pela análise dos votos envolvendo processos sobre publicidade de atos públicos. Dentre as influências de Bobbio sobre os votos dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal, pode-se evidenciar a concepção da democracia como o ‘governo do poder visível’, controlado pelo povo, pautado em normas gerais, certas, constantes e irretroativas. Os elementos elencados denotam a influência das concepções do autor italiano na construção e manutenção da democracia e do poder democrático, por meio do Poder Judiciário, em um país imerso em uma forte crise política. Visando melhor explanar os resultados da pesquisa, primeiramente discorre-se sobre o positivismo jurídico e a doutrina de Bobbio, bem como sobre sua concepção de Estado democrático.
O Aprimoramento da (Ciber)Democracia a Partir do Direito de Liberdade de Expressão
Authors: De Ivanoff Felipe , Espindola Angela Araújo da Silveira
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo tem como tema o direito de liberdade de expressão tratado como um fundamento da democracia e um meio para evoluí-la. Objetiva-se identificar um modelo democrático compatível com a atualidade; apresentar o direito de liberdade de expressão como um de seus alicerces; investigar o posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal nas questões que envolvem este direito; e demonstrar de que forma o exercício da liberdade de expressão pode auxiliar na evolução da democracia, especialmente no contexto contemporâneo da ciberdemocracia. Isto será feito como forma de responder se efetivamente a liberdade de expressão é uma ferramenta apta a auxiliar a promoção dos ideais democráticos, tendo como hipótese uma resposta positiva. Na realização deste estudo utilizar-se-á o método indutivo através de uma investigação bibliográfica de doutrina, lei e de jurisprudência. Primeiramente, serão abordadas separadamente a democracia e a liberdade de expressão, para, ao final, contemplá-las em paralelo com a ciberdemocracia.
Helicobacter pylori antigens, acetylsalicylic acid, LDL and 7-ketocholesterol - their potential role in destabilizing the gastric epithelial cell barrier. An in vitro model of Kato III cells.
Authors: Gajewski Adrian , Mnich Eliza , Szymański Karol , Hinc Krzysztof , Obuchowski Michał , Moran Anthony P , Chmiela Magdalena
Published: November 2015

Colonization of gastric tissue in humans by H. pylori Gram-negative bacteria initiates gastric and duodenal ulcers and even gastric cancers. Infections promote inflammation and damage to gastric epithelium which might be followed by the impairment of its barrier function. The role of H. pylori components in these processes has not been specified. H. pylori cytotoxicity may potentially increase in the milieu of anti-inflammatory drugs including acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The lipid transport-associated molecule such as low density lipoprotein (LDL), which is a classic risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD) and 7-ketocholesterol (7-kCh) a product of cholesterol oxidation, which may occur during the oxidative stress in LDL could also be considered as pro-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of H. pylori antigens, ASA, LDL and 7-kCh towards Kato III gastric epithelial cells, on the basis of the cell ability to reduce tetrazolium salt (MTT) and morphology of cell nuclei assessed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Kato III cells were stimulated for 24 h, at 37°C and 5% CO2, with H. pylori antigens: cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) protein, the urease A subunit (UreA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ASA, LDL or 7-kCh. H. pylori LPS, ASA, LDL and 7-kCh, but not H. pylori glycine acid extract (GE), demonstrated cytotoxicity against Kato III cells, which was related to a diminished percentage of MTT reducing cells and to an increased cell population with the signs of DNA damage. The results suggest that damage to gastric epithelial cells can be induced independently by H. pylori antigens, ASA and endogenous lipid transport-associated molecules. During H. pylori infection in vivo, especially in CHD patients, synergistic or antagonistic interactions between these factors might possibly influence the disease course. Further study is necessary to explain these potential effects.
New approaches for improving the production of the 1st and 2nd generation ethanol by yeast.
Authors: Kurylenko Olena , Semkiv Marta , Ruchala Justyna , Hryniv Orest , Kshanovska Barbara , Abbas Charles , Dmytruk Kostyantyn , Sibirny Andriy
Published: November 2015

Increase in the production of 1st generation ethanol from glucose is possible by the reduction in the production of ethanol co-products, especially biomass. We have developed a method to reduce biomass accumulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the manipulation of the intracellular ATP level due to overexpression of genes of alkaline phosphatase, apyrase or enzymes involved in futile cycles. The strains constructed accumulated up to 10% more ethanol on a cornmeal hydrolysate medium. Similar increase in ethanol accumulation was observed in the mutants resistant to the toxic inhibitors of glycolysis like 3-bromopyruvate and others. Substantial increase in fuel ethanol production will be obtained by the development of new strains of yeasts that ferment sugars of the abundant lignocellulosic feedstocks, especially xylose, a pentose sugar. We have found that xylose can be fermented under elevated temperatures by the thermotolerant yeast, Hansenula polymorpha. We combined protein engineering of the gene coding for xylose reductase (XYL1) along with overexpression of the other two genes responsible for xylose metabolism in yeast (XYL2, XYL3) and the deletion of the global transcriptional activator CAT8, with the selection of mutants defective in utilizing ethanol as a carbon source using the anticancer drug, 3-bromopyruvate. Resulted strains accumulated 20-25 times more ethanol from xylose at the elevated temperature of 45°C with up to 12.5 g L(-1) produced. Increase in ethanol yield and productivity from xylose was also achieved by overexpression of genes coding for the peroxisomal enzymes: transketolase (DAS1) and transaldolase (TAL2), and deletion of the ATG13 gene.
AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DO ÓLEO DE AMENDOIM NA FLOTAÇÃO DE FOSFATOS
Authors: Barros Istelamares Alvarenga de , Rodrigues Christianne Garcia
Published: November 2015

A busca por reagentes alternativos de flotação de minerais tem sido alvo de diversas pesquisas. O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do óleo de amendoim na flotação de fosfatos, comparando-o com reagentes comerciais: o óleo de soja e o Flotigam 5806. Para a sua caracterização realizaram-se as análises físico-químicas e determinou-se o perfil de ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa. Os ensaios consistiram, inicialmente, nas etapas de cominuição e caracterização do minério fosfatado proveniente da região de Lagamar (MG), da Mineração Galvani, e em seguida realizaram-se os testes de flotação com cada coletor, utilizando o amido de milho gelatinizado como depressor. O óleo de amendoim apresentou composição em torno de 60% de ácido oleico e 18% de linoleico, cujos sais alcalinos são os principais coletores de oxi-minerais empregados industrialmente na concentração de P2O5. Os resultados obtidos foram significativos, sendo que os três coletores apresentaram o mesmo comportamento na flotação e recuperações metalúrgicas de P2O5, em torno de 55%. A principal causa do baixo rendimento foi provavelmente a elevada fração de finos (grãos com diâmetro menor que 37 um) presentes na amostra após a moagem.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DO POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE THYMUS VULGARIS E SEU CONSTITUINTE MAJORITÁRIO NA GERMINAÇÃO E VIGOR DE SEMENTES DE ALFACE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.)
Authors: Miranda Cíntia Alvarenga Santos Fraga de , Cardoso Maria Graças , Carvalho Maria Laene Moreira de , Machado Samísia Maria Fernandes , Andrade Milene Aparecida , Oliveira Christiane Maria de
Published: November 2015

Os óleos essenciais são metabólitos secundários obtidos de plantas que, dependendo de suas características, podem atuar como bactericidas, fungicidas, antioxidantes, inseticidas, antiparasitários, bioherbicidas, além de apresentarem grande aceitabilidade pelos consumidores. Diante dos numerosos transtornos ambientais causados pelos herbicidas sintéticos, os óleos essenciais, como produtos naturais, tornaram-se uma proposta promissora, diante da possibilidade de obtenção de um herbicida ecologicamente correto. A partir dessas considerações, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos identificar e quantificar os constituintes e avaliar o potencial alelopático do óleo essencial de folhas frescas de Thymus vulgaris e de seu constituinte majoritário, o timol, sobre a germinação e o vigor de sementes de alface (cultivar Regina SF 3500). A avaliação do potencial alelopático foi realizada pela metodologia que avalia o efeito volátil, em que foram analisadas as variáveis: primeira contagem de germinação, germinação total, IVG (índice de velocidade de germinação), massa seca de plântulas e comprimentos médios de parte aérea e radicular de alface, nas concentrações 1; 0,5; 0,25; 0,12; 0,05% em v/v. Os componentes majoritários do óleo essencial de T. vulgaris foram o timol (50,51%), p-cimeno (15,08%), γ-terpineno (4,07%), linalol (3,36%), óxido de cariofileno (3,50%), carvacrol (2,64%) e borneol (2,59%). Pela metodologia do efeito volátil, verificou-se que o óleo essencial não apresentou fitotoxidez sobre as sementes de alface, enquanto o timol provocou efeito alelopático significativo sobre as variáveis avaliadas.
Residue Harvest Effects on Irrigated, No‐Till Corn Yield and Nitrogen Response
Authors: Wortmann Charles S. , Shapiro Charles A. , Schmer Marty R.
Published: November 2015

Crop residue harvest occurs on about 40% of Nebraska's 3,700,000 ha of corn (Zea mays L.) land, primarily for feeding of beef cattle. Immobilization of applied N is expected to be less with residue harvest due to reduced microbial activity for digestion of high C/N ratio organic material. Residue reduction may affect subsequent crop yield and response to applied N. Field research was conducted at three locations over 2 yr in eastern Nebraska for irrigated, no‐till corn following corn to determine residue harvest effects on yield and the economically optimal nitrogen rate (EONR). Study sites had deep silt loam or silty clay loam soil with good water infiltration and plant‐available water holding capacity. Mean aboveground biomass N content, applied N recovery efficiency, and grain yield were 22, 43, and 20% higher with >75% residue removal compared with no residue removal. Agronomic efficiency of applied N use was not consistently affected. The residue removal effects were often greater in the third compared with second year of continuous corn. The residue removal effect on EONR was not consistent over site‐years, and the mean reduction in EONR with residue removal was between 10 and 20 kg ha−1.While removal of some corn residue is expected to result in higher yield of the following corn crop, reduction in applied N need cannot be well predicted before planting.
Permeability in Two‐Component Porous Media: Effective‐Medium Approximation Compared with Lattice‐Boltzmann Simulations
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad , Daigle Hugh
Published: November 2015

Core Ideas

Permeability lattice‐Boltzmann simulations in binary mixtures are presented.

Effective‐medium approximation (EMA) results are compared with numerical simulations.

Accurate predictions by EMA depend on packing arrangement, grain shape, and porosity.

Porous materials such as rocks, soils, and peats are typically complex mixtures built up of more than one component, with intrinsic permeabilities that depend on factors such as pore shape and surface area, tortuosity, and connectivity. In such media, the macroscopic permeability is an integrated combination of the permeabilities of the individual components. In this study, we numerically simulated fluid flow in binary mixtures of low‐ and high‐permeability components constructed of spheres and ellipsoids using the lattice‐Boltzmann (LB) method to model permeability in porous media. We then applied the effective‐medium approximation (EMA) to predict permeability in the simulated binary mixtures. Our results indicate a very good match between predicted permeabilities by EMA and those simulated by LB in simple and body‐centered cubic packs as long as the permeability of the high‐permeability component Kh is not substantially different than that of the low‐permeability component Kl. The upper limit of Kh/Kl for which the EMA approach results in very accurate permeability predictions depends on several factors, such as packing arrangement, grain shape, and porosity. Including all data, we found the EMA permeability predictions still within a factor of two of the LB simulations.
Teaming up for Women's Health: The 2015 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting
Authors: Breitkopf Daniel M , Demosthenes Lauren D , Phelan Sharon T
Published: November 2015

In response to major practice changes in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), the 2015 Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists responded with modification of the program organization, methods of presenting the information (debates, hands on, flip classrooms) and increased emphasis on current clinical research. The Presidential Program covered broad themes of changes in healthcare technology, teamwork in OB/GYN practice and the importance of advocating for patients. Over 400 abstracts representing a broad range of clinical and basic science research were presented. Changes in the Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting should allow the membership to be more prepared and pro-active as the practice of OB/GYN evolves.
The melliferous potential of apiflora of southwestern Vojvodina (Serbia)
Authors: Macukanovic-Jocic Marina , Jaric Snezana
Published: November 2015

The individual and community-level melliferous potential of apiflora was
evaluated in southwestern Vojvodina in order to assess its significance and
contribution to the bee pasture. Seven plant communities belonging to
ruderal, segetal and floodplain type of vegetation, with a total of 279 plant
species were registered. Apifloristic and phytocoenological investigations
included the determination and analysis of honey plants using the following
parameters: total number, percentage, abundance and frequency of these
species in the communities, as well as their intensity of pollen and nectar
production. The coenotic coefficient of melliferousness (CCm) indicating the
melliferous potential of each community, was calculated based on the above
parameters. Although the greatest number of melliferous species was found in
the ass. Chenopodio-Ambrosietum artemisiifoliae (132), the highest percentage
(80%) of them was registered in the ass. Consolido-Polygonetum avicularis.
Considering the coefficients of nectar and pollen production, the most
valuable honey plants commonly present in the majority of communities were:
Cirsium arvense, Rubus caesius, Lythrum salicaria, Daucus carota, Trifolium
pratense, Dipsacus laciniatus, Medicago sativa, Asclepias syriaca, Cichorium
intybus and Taraxacum officinale. The low abundance and frequency of
melliferous species within the Consolido-Polygonetum avicularis, Polygonetum
convolvulo-avicularis and Populetum nigrae-albae communities indicated their
poor contribution to the bee pasture. Within ruderal vegetation, the highest
CCm was registered in Amorpho-Typhaetum, providing, theoretically, the
richest food resource for the honeybees in the investigated area.
Effect of processing and cooking on mineral and phytic acid content of buckwheat-enriched tagliatelle
Authors: Jambrec Dubravka , Sakac Marijana , Jovanov Pavle , Misan Aleksandra , Pestoric Mladenka , Tomovic Vladimir , Mandic Anamarija
Published: November 2015

Two types of buckwheat flour - non-treated (NBF) and autoclaved (TBF) were
used for the enrichment of whole wheat tagliatelle (control sample) at the
level of 10-30% and the produced tagliatelle samples (dry and cooked) were
examined in terms of mineral and phytic acid (PA) content. Both NBF and TBF
possessed significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of all investigated
minerals compared to whole wheat flour (WWF), but significantly lower (p <
0.05) PA content. Cooked NBF-containing tagliatelle possessed significantly
higher (p < 0.05) content of Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe compared to the cooked
control sample, while mineral content of cooked TBF-containing tagliatelle
samples was not significantly different from the control. Autoclaving
significantly reduced (p < 0.05) PA content of cooked TBF-containing
tagliatelle samples compared to cooked NBF-containing tagliatelle samples
and the control sample. The mineral bioavailability defined through molar
ratio of mineral to phytate was slightly improved in buckwheat-containing
tagliatelle samples, but it still remains at low level. Regarding all
results, the enrichment of whole wheat tagliatelle with NBF at higher levels
of substitution (20-30%) resulted in significant increase in mineral content
and bioavailability.
Sustainable tourism: a critique of the academic feasibility of the concept
Authors: Mika Mirosław
Published: November 2015

The aim of the article is to raise and discuss, according to contemporary research findings, the most important reservations regarding the concept of sustainable (harmonious) tourism development as well as the barriers to the implementation of its principles in practice. The author points to ambiguities in the interpretation of the term ‘sustainability’ and, as a result, the methodological implications for tourism studies including the problem of measuring and evaluating ‘sustainability’ in tourism development processes. In addition it considers the social hostility towards limiting consumption in tourism and the growing climatic, economic and political instability at tourism destinations hindering its implementation of the concept of sustainability. In conclusion, the author proposes a new paradigm for sustainable tourism which does not directly relate to the imperative of harmonious interconnection between differing development goals and values in tourism.
The contribution of the geography of disability to the development of ‘accessible tourism’
Authors: Zajadacz Alina
Published: November 2015

The article presents an outline of the evolution of the geography of disability (since the 1930s) taking into account significant issues in the creation of theoretical foundations as well as practical action in ‘accessible tourism’. It may be considered a review. Based on an analysis of literature, the first section presents a definition of ‘accessible tourism’ and the development of the geography of disability, the result of which is the geographical model of disability. The second section is a synthetic presentation of the effect of geographical research on the development of theoretical accessible tourism concepts and their implications in practice. The final conclusions highlight the need to identify the level of detail in universal design principles applied to buildings, spaces, services, which are to fulfil the criteria of accessibility for people with various types of disability.
Evaluation and development opportunities of the disused Lutheran cemeteries within the Maskulińskie and Pisz Forest Divisions for thanatourism
Authors: Sobotka Sławomir , Długozima Anna
Published: November 2015

This paper presents the results of a study of 67 disused Lutheran cemeteries situated in the Pisz and Maskulińskie Forest Divisions (the southern part of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province). An inventory of gravestones and vegetation was compiled, and the types, sizes and geographical coordinates of the cemeteries were determined using a GPS receiver. The paper also presents an evaluation of the cemeteries, illustrated through examples in the Maskulińskie Forest Division. The best preserved and/or most interesting cemeteries are going to be included on a tourism trail.
A Review of Different Stunning Methods for Poultry—Animal Welfare Aspects (Stunning Methods for Poultry)
Authors: Berg Charlotte , Raj Mohan
Published: November 2015

Electrical water bath stunning is the most commonly used method for poultry stunning prior to slaughter, but has been questioned on animal welfare and product quality grounds. Controlled atmosphere stunning (CAS) methods, involving a variety of gas mixtures, have become increasingly common, at least in Europe. CAS methods have been perceived as an improvement from an animal welfare perspective, partly because birds can be stunned without prior shackling, and are generally considered to result in improved product quality compared to water bath stunning. However, there would still be an interest in alternative stunning methods especially for small to medium size poultry slaughterhouses. This review presents an overview of the modes of action and the technical aspects of poultry stunning methods, including novel and emerging stunning technologies.
2D Saturable Absorbers for Fibre Lasers
Authors: Woodward Robert , Kelleher Edmund
Published: November 2015

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an emergent and promising platform for future photonic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we review recent progress demonstrating the application of 2D nanomaterials as versatile, wideband saturable absorbers for Q-switching and mode-locking fibre lasers. We focus specifically on the family of few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides, including MoS2, MoSe2 and WS2.
The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers
Authors: Ludwig Johannes , Camacho Juan , Kokabi Nima , Xing Minzhi , Kim Hyun
Published: November 2015

Reliable response criteria are critical for the evaluation of therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current response assessment is mainly based on: (1) changes in size, which is at times unreliable and lag behind the result of therapy; and (2) contrast enhancement, which can be difficult to quantify in the presence of benign post-procedural changes and in tumors presenting with a heterogeneous pattern of enhancement. Given these challenges, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been recently investigated, aiding specificity to locoregional therapy response assessment and outcome prediction. Briefly, DWI quantifies diffusion of water occurring naturally at a cellular level (Brownian movement), which is restricted in multiple neoplasms because of high cellularity. Disruption of cellular integrity secondary to therapy results in increased water diffusion across the injured membranes. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on DWI therapy response assessment and outcome prediction in HCC following treatment with locoregional therapies.
Identify the Rotating Stall in Centrifugal Compressors by Fractal Dimension in Reconstructed Phase Space
Authors: Wang Le , Zhang Jiazhong , Zhang Wenfan
Published: November 2015

Based on phase space reconstruction and fractal dynamics in nonlinear dynamics, a method is proposed to extract and analyze the dynamics of the rotating stall in the impeller of centrifugal compressor, and some numerical examples are given to verify the results as well. First, the rotating stall of an existing low speed centrifugal compressor (LSCC) is numerically simulated, and the time series of pressure in the rotating stall is obtained at various locations near the impeller outlet. Then, the phase space reconstruction is applied to these pressure time series, and a low-dimensional dynamical system, which the dynamics properties are included in, is reconstructed. In phase space reconstruction, C–C method is used to obtain the key parameters, such as time delay and the embedding dimension of the reconstructed phase space. Further, the fractal characteristics of the rotating stall are analyzed in detail, and the fractal dimensions are given for some examples to measure the complexity of the flow in the post-rotating stall. The results show that the fractal structures could reveal the intrinsic dynamics of the rotating stall flow and could be considered as a characteristic to identify the rotating stall.
Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Center-of-Pressure Dynamics in Human Postural Control: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Gow Brian , Peng Chung-Kang , Wayne Peter , Ahn Andrew
Published: November 2015

Multiscale entropy (MSE) is a widely used metric for characterizing the nonlinear dynamics of physiological processes. Significant variability, however, exists in the methodological approaches to MSE which may ultimately impact results and their interpretations. Using publications focused on balance-related center of pressure (COP) dynamics, we highlight sources of methodological heterogeneity that can impact study findings. Seventeen studies were systematically identified that employed MSE for characterizing COP displacement dynamics. We identified five key methodological procedures that varied significantly between studies: (1) data length; (2) frequencies of the COP dynamics analyzed; (3) sampling rate; (4) point matching tolerance and sequence length; and (5) filtering of displacement changes from drifts, fidgets, and shifts. We discuss strengths and limitations of the various approaches employed and supply flowcharts to assist in the decision making process regarding each of these procedures. Our guidelines are intended to more broadly inform the design and analysis of future studies employing MSE for continuous time series, such as COP.
Towards a Low-Cost Modelling System for Optimising the Layout of Tidal Turbine Arrays
Authors: Nash Stephen , Olbert Agnieszka , Hartnett Michael
Published: November 2015

In the long-term, tidal turbines will most likely be deployed in farms/arrays where energy extraction by one turbine may significantly affect the energy available to another turbine. Given the prohibitive cost of experimental and/or field investigations of such turbine interactions, numerical models can play a significant role in determining the optimum layout of tidal turbine arrays with respect to energy capture. In the present research, a low-cost modelling solution for optimising turbine array layouts is presented and assessed. Nesting is used in a far-field model to telescope spatial resolution down to the scale of the turbines within the turbine array, allowing simulation of the interactions between adjacent turbines as well as the hydrodynamic impacts of individual turbines. The turbines are incorporated as momentum sinks. The results show that the model can compute turbine wakes with similar far-field spatial extents and velocity deficits to those measured in published experimental studies. The results show that optimum spacings for multi-row arrays with regard to power yield are 3–4 rotor diameters (RD) across-stream and 1–4 RD along-stream, and that turbines in downstream rows should be staggered to avoid wake effects of upstream turbines and to make use of the accelerated flows induced by adjacent upstream turbines.
Assessment of the Phytotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Crop Plants, Maize (Zea mays L.) and Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Zhongzhou , Chen Jing , Dou Runzhi , Gao Xiang , Mao Chuanbin , Wang Li
Published: November 2015

In this study, the phytotoxicity of seven metal oxide nanoparticles(NPs)—titanium dioxide (nTiO2), silicon dioxide (nSiO2), cerium dioxide (nCeO2), magnetite (nFe3O4), aluminum oxide (nAl2O3), zinc oxide (nZnO) and copper oxide (nCuO)—was assessed on two agriculturally significant crop plants (maize and rice). The results showed that seed germination was not affected by any of the seven metal oxide NPs. However, at the concentration of 2000 mg·L−1, the root elongation was significantly inhibited by nCuO (95.73% for maize and 97.28% for rice), nZnO (50.45% for maize and 66.75% for rice). On the contrary, minor phytotoxicity of nAl2O3 was only observed in maize, and no obvious toxic effects were found in the other four metal oxide NPs. By further study we found that the phytotoxic effects of nZnO, nAl2O3 and nCuO (25 to 2000 mg·L−1) were concentration dependent, and were not caused by the corresponding Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ ions (0.11 mg·L−1, 1.27 mg·L−1 and 0.74 mg·L−1, respectively). Furthermore, ZnO NPs (<50 nm) showed greater toxicity than ZnO microparticles(MPs)(<5 μm) to root elongation of both maize and rice. Overall, this study provided valuable information for the application of engineered NPs in agriculture and the assessment of the potential environmental risks.
The Geographic Distribution of Liver Cancer in Canada Does Not Associate with Cyanobacterial Toxin Exposure
Authors: Labine Meaghan , Green Chris , Mak Giselle , Xue Lin , Nowatzki Janet , Griffith Jane , Minuk Gerald
Published: November 2015

Background: The incidence of liver cancer has been increasing in Canada over the past decade, as has cyanobacterial contamination of Canadian freshwater lakes and drinking water sources. Cyanotoxins released by cyanobacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Objective: To determine whether a geographic association exists between liver cancer and surrogate markers of cyanobacterial contamination of freshwater lakes in Canada. Methods: A negative binomial regression model was employed based on previously identified risk factors for liver cancer. Results: No association existed between the geographic distribution of liver cancer and surrogate markers of cyanobacterial contamination. As predicted, significant associations existed in areas with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, large immigrant populations and urban residences. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that cyanobacterial contamination of freshwater lakes does not play an important role in the increasing incidence of liver cancer in Canada.
Feasibility of Measuring Tobacco Smoke Air Pollution in Homes: Report from a Pilot Study
Authors: Rosen Laura , Zucker David , Hovell Melbourne , Brown Nili , Ram Amit , Myers Vicki
Published: November 2015

Tobacco smoke air pollution (TSAP) measurement may persuade parents to adopt smoke-free homes and thereby reduce harm to children from tobacco smoke in the home. In a pilot study involving 29 smoking families, a Sidepak was used to continuously monitor home PM2.5 during an 8-h period, Sidepak and/or Dylos monitors provided real-time feedback, and passive nicotine monitors were used to measure home air nicotine for one week. Feedback was provided to participants in the context of motivational interviews. Home PM2.5 levels recorded by continuous monitoring were not well-accepted by participants because of the noise level. Also, graphs from continuous monitoring showed unexplained peaks, often associated with sources unrelated to indoor smoking, such as cooking, construction, or outdoor sources. This hampered delivery of a persuasive message about the relationship between home smoking and TSAP. By contrast, immediate real-time PM2.5 feedback (with Sidepak or Dylos monitor) was feasible and provided unambiguous information; the Dylos had the additional advantages of being more economical and quieter. Air nicotine sampling was complicated by the time-lag for feedback and questions regarding shelf-life. Improvement in the science of TSAP measurement in the home environment is needed to encourage and help maintain smoke-free homes and protect vulnerable children. Recent advances in the use of mobile devices for real-time feedback are promising and warrant further development, as do accurate methods for real-time air nicotine air monitoring.
miRNAs and Other Epigenetic Changes as Biomarkers in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Mathe Andrea , Scott Rodney , Avery-Kiejda Kelly
Published: November 2015

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterised by the lack of receptors for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). Since it cannot be treated by current endocrine therapies which target these receptors and due to its aggressive nature, it has one of the worst prognoses of all breast cancer subtypes. The only treatments remain chemo- and/or radio-therapy and surgery and because of this, novel biomarkers or treatment targets are urgently required to improve disease outcomes. MicroRNAs represent an attractive candidate for targeted therapies against TNBC, due to their natural ability to act as antisense interactors and regulators of entire gene sets involved in malignancy and their superiority over mRNA profiling to accurately classify disease. Here we review the current knowledge regarding miRNAs as biomarkers in TNBC and their potential use as therapeutic targets in this disease. Further, we review other epigenetic changes and interactions of these changes with microRNAs in this breast cancer subtype, which may lead to the discovery of new treatment targets for TNBC.