bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION THROUGH GROUP EMOTION RECOGNITION
Authors: Mousa Ali , Mahdi Nasser Asia
Published: April 2024

Abstract - This article explores within the field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), focusing on the complicated relationship between emotions, decision-making, and robot behaviors. Emotions are essential to effective communication and interaction, requiring the development of emotion recognition systems in robots. The article explores both individual and group emotion recognition, including microexpressions and macroexpressions. Group emotion dynamics, encompassing phenomena like emotional contagion, convergence, and social influence, are separated to understand how emotions combine within collective settings. A concept, Group Emotion Recognition (GER), is introduced, providing a framework for recognizing emotions within groups. GER involves proximity metrics, emotion classification, and entropy-based analysis to quantify emotion diversity. The article also outlines how GER can enhance user engagement, personalize interactions, improve group dynamics, and foster social acceptance in various human-robot interaction scenarios. Decision-making based on GER, driven by positive or negative emotion labels, is discussed, highlighting the adaptability and sensitivity required for effective human-robot interactions. Ethical considerations regarding the use of emotion recognition technology are addressed throughout the article, emphasizing responsible implementation. Overall, this work lays a solid foundation for advancing the field of HRI by integrating emotion recognition and decision-making to create emotionally intelligent and socially aware robots.
Efeitos psicossociais da diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Vilarinho Adriana Vieira de Sousa , Silva Thalia Diniz da , Barroso Wermerson Assunção
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as alterações psicossociais que a diabetes mellitus tipo 1 causa em crianças e adolescentes. Revisão bibliográfica: A diabetes mellitus (DM1) é ocasionada pela deficiência total de insulina pela destruição autoimune das células beta pancreáticas. A doença tem pico de incidência entre 10 e 14 anos. Estima-se que a DM1 acometa 0,3% da população com idade igual ou inferior a 20 anos. Por se tratar de uma doença crônica, após o diagnóstico, um dos maiores desafios é a fase de aceitação, pois implica em mudanças de hábitos de vida. Observa-se impactos psicodinâmicos, gerando um sentimento de vivência de luto, tanto nos familiares quanto nos pacientes. Alterações na rotina de toda a família, bem como sentimentos de medo e cansaço são comuns, o que acaba comprometendo o bem-estar físico e emocional. É de grande relevância uma rede de apoio para que essa população se sinta acolhida e mais segura para enfrentar os desafios que a DM1 pode trazer. Considerações finais: Constatou-se que surgem sentimentos de medo e incertezas, bem como o desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos, especialmente transtornos de ansiedade e depressão em crianças e adolescentes. Assim, destacamos a atuação de forma positiva da família, escola e equipe multiprofissional.
Effect of maxillary distraction osteogenesis and LeFort-1 advancement orthognathic surgery on soft-tissue thickness and anterior soft-tissue to hard-tissue movement ratios among patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Rajagopalan Anjana , Verma Sanjeev , Kumar Vinay , Verma Raj Kumar , Singh Satinder Pal , Rattan Vidya
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to compare the soft-tissue thickness and anterior soft-tissue to hard-tissue movement ratios in patients with unilateral cleft lip and/or palate (UCLP) following maxillary distraction osteogenesis using rigid external distractor device and maxillary advancement at LeFort I level using lateral cephalograms.

Material and Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients with UCLP who underwent either LeFort I maxillary advancement or maxillary distraction osteogenesis. Non-syndromic patients with complete UCLP anomalies and skeletal class III patterns due to maxillary hypoplasia were included in the study. The patients with a pre-surgical negative overjet of ≥5 mm were treated by maxillary distraction osteogenesis, while a negative overjet of <5 mm was managed with maxillary advancement orthognathic surgery. The growth completion in all the patients was assessed using the cervical vertebrae maturation index (CS 6) on a lateral cephalogram. The lateral cephalograms taken before surgery at (T0) and after a minimum interval of six months (T1) of surgery were assessed for changes in soft-tissue thickness and hard-tissue to soft-tissue movement ratios among the two groups. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean values obtained within the same group at two different time intervals. Unpaired t-test was used to compare mean values between the Groups 1 and 2. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) test was used to assess the associations between the mean changes in hard- and soft-tissue variables.

Results:

Group 1 showed significantly greater maxillary advancement compared to Group 2 with a mean difference of 5.80 mm at Point A and 7.65 mm at the upper incisal edge. Soft-tissue thickness decreased significantly after advancement in Group 1 at subnasale (P < 0.05), labrale superius, stomion, and labrale inferius (P < 0.01) and at subnasale (P < 0.05), stomion and labrale inferius (P < 0.01) in Group 2. There was a significantly strong correlation between the hard- and soft-tissue movement in sagittal plane in both Group 1 and Group 2. In Groups 1 and 2, a statistical highly significant strong positive correlation was found between vertical change in dU1 to soft-tissue dLs and dStms. In Group 2, a statistical highly significant strong positive correlation was found between vertical change in dA to soft-tissue dC and dStms.

Conclusion:

The soft-tissue thickness reduced in patients with UCLP after maxillary advancement in both groups. The soft tissue followed the hard tissue in both groups. There was a greater downward movement of the maxillary base and soft-tissue lengthening in Group 1 compared to Group 2.
Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma antibody-associated paraneoplastic dermatomyositis: A case report
Authors: Dsouza Marius Emanuel , Sakariya Meksha , Supe Ajay Ramchandra , More Dynaneshwar
Published: April 2024

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by distinctive cutaneous manifestations. Recent advancements have led to the identification of a novel myositis-specific autoantibody called anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (anti-TIF-1-γ) which presents with unique cutaneous manifestations and a heightened risk for malignancy. We report a case of a 55-year-old female who presented with proximal muscle weakness, an erythematous rash over the face, blanching erythema over the nape of the neck, and red-on-white lesions over the chest. She was diagnosed with anti-TIF-1-γ positive DM and found to have a palpable mass in the right breast. Biopsy showed triple negative invasive breast carcinoma no special type (NST) grade 3. She showed poor response to steroids and was referred for cancer staging and treatment. The anti-TIF-1-γ antibody serves as a novel tool to identify a subset of DM patients at high risk for cancer. At present, its role in the prognosis or surveillance of cancer recurrence remains uncertain.
Exploring the Facets of Shared Leadership within the Intricate Frameworks of Chinese Ideologies: A Modern Perspective on Traditional Values
Authors: Wolf Marvin
Published: April 2024

Shared leadership as a modern management approach provides the structure and framework for innovational thinking within creative working places. China's swift ascent as one of the foremost global players, coupled with its aspirations to become an innovation leader, makes a reevaluation of traditional organizational structures and leadership paradigms necessary. Research on the application of modern management approaches such as shared leadership, within the context of Chinese culture is notably underrepresented and needs to be further focused on. Using a literature review methodology, this study delves into the book "A Short History of Chinese Philosophy" to check on relevant text passages and aspects derived from various original schools of thought within traditional Chinese ideologies. Subsequently, these aspects are categorized as either pro or con arguments and reinterpreted through the lens of shared leadership readiness. Seven affirmative arguments and seven opposing arguments judge the application of shared leadership ideas embedded in Chinese traditional values and philosophies. Taoism, particularly in its third phase and Neo-Taoism stand as representative examples favoring shared leadership. Conversely, Realistic Confucianism and the Mohist School serve as representatives against the adoption of shared leadership. One limitation of the re-interpretation lies in the potential for misunderstanding the original Chinese traditional values which may not have been intended for application within the context of modern management approaches, potentially resulting in wrong conclusions. Additionally, relying solely on one source to depict the history of Chinese philosophy constitutes another limitation, as it simplifies the complexity of Chinese traditions. Follow-up studies could focus on constructing a robust theoretical framework. Another significant contribution could involve the development of a survey aimed at assessing the extent of influence exerted by the original schools of thought on traditional Chinese individuals.
Noi abordări în cancerul colorectal
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru
Published: April 2024

Colon cancer is one of the most common localizations of cancer in our time. In this short presentation, I will present some aspects of the systemic therapy of advanced colon cancer. Not being able to have an exhaustive approach, I consider that emphasizing the importance of ctDNA determination in the therapeutic indication and the involvement of precision medicine in the treatment of this cancer are of first importance. Also, colon cancer is found especially at advanced ages, and I considered it necessary to emphasize
the role of geriatric consultation in these patients. This review also presents a practical aspect in chemotherapy for the elderly, namely the stability of the indication for cytostatic oxaliplatin treatment which in certain patients does not bring any benefit.
Recurrent Intracranial Meningioma with Pulmonary Metastases: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Radiation Therapy, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia, A Rim , M Alia ,   Department of Radiation Therapy, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia, K Lina ,   Department of Radiation Therapy, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia, N Chiraz ,   Department of Radiation Therapy, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
Published: April 2024

We report a 40-year-old female diagnosed with histological grade III meningioma of OMS 2016 in the right side of the temporo-parietal region of skull vault. After a partial resection of the primary site, she rapidly developed unusual multiple metastasis in the pulmonary parenchyma. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy on the residual volume with palliative decompressive intent due to the gross tumor volume. A review of the literature revealed well documented cases of benign meningiomas that metastasized in an interval of up to 10-12 years after primary tumor resection. This case illustrates that meningiomas Grade III WHO with progression disease of the primary tumor have the potential to develop hematogenous rapid metastases, emphasize the role of multimodal management and the role of genetic behavior to predict such evolution.
An Interesting Case of Synchronous Low-Grade Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma
Authors:   College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, USA, ES Chao , FI Abu-Shahin ,   Department of Hematology/Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, USA
Published: April 2024

Synchronous mesothelioma with other primary malignancies has previously been reported. However, the finding of a low-grade peritoneal mesothelioma with a synchronous ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma remains unreported. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman presenting with distended abdomen. CT abdomen and pelvis and subsequent MRI revealed a large pelvic mass. On pathology of the exploratory laparotomy specimen, stage IIIB FIGO grade 3 right ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma, as well as stage 1A left ovarian endometrioid borderline tumor, were discovered. Incidentally, a low-grade mesothelioma, epithelioid type, was discovered spanning omentum, right upper paracolic gutter left upper paracolic gutter, and umbilicus. Post-surgery, chemotherapy was initiated primarily to treat the ovarian adenocarcinoma.
Diplopia and Bone Marrow Failure as Initial Presentation of Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Lincoln Medical Center, USA, Khrisat; Tarek , Habiba Abdelrahman ,   Department of General Surgery, Lincoln Medical Center, USA, McCall Sydney G ,   Department of General Surgery, Lincoln Medical Center, USA
Published: April 2024

This is a 47-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency room with acute onset of right eye diplopia and drooping of the eyelid associated with fatigue. On further examination, patient noted to have a large fungating right breast mass, reportedly been rapidly growing for the past few months. Also, patient found to have pancytopenia with multiple bony metastases. This is an interesting case that presents some of the rare metastatic patterns of breast cancer, which can include the orbit, and hematologic abnormalities due to spinal mets. Breast cancer is reported to be responsible for most ophthalmic mets, with it being the primary neoplasms of origin of 40% of the metastases to the orbit.
Discovery of 3-((4-benzylpyridin-2-yl)amino)benzamide Derivatives as Potent GPR52 G Protein-Biased Agonists.
Authors: Murphy Ryan , Wang Pingyuan , Ali Sagir , Smith Hudson , Felsing Daniel , Chen Haiying , Zhou Jia , Allen John
Published: April 2024

Orphan GPR52 is emerging as a promising neurotherapeutic target. Optimization of previously reported lead 4a employing an iterative drug design strategy led to identification of a series of unique GPR52 agonists, such as 10a (PW0677), 15b (PW0729) and 24f (PW0866), with improved potency and efficacy. Intriguingly, compounds 10a and 24f showed greater bias for G protein/cAMP signaling and induced significantly less in vitro desensitization than parent compound 4a, indicating that reducing GPR52 β-arrestin activity with biased agonism results in sustained GPR52 activation. Further exploration of compounds 15b and 24f indicated improved potency and efficacy, excellent target selectivity, but limited brain exposure warranting further optimization. These balanced and biased GPR52 agonists provide important pharmacological tools to study GPR52 activation, signaling bias, and therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases.
ARTIFICIAL TITANIUM BASED IMPLANTS IN CERVICAL SPINE FIXATION FOR C5-C6 EPIDURAL SOL WITH QUADRIPARESIS
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA ARNAB
Published: April 2024

Artificial implants in C5-C6 cervical spine were used to treat osteolytic lesions, typically a bone tumor. The condition was caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis inhaled into the lungs and getting spread to the spin. A Titanium cage was used for the purpose which involved solid osteoporotic fusions for fats post operative recovery. Titanium, tantalum, magnesium, and zinc are non-toxic elements used in making nanocrystalline biomedical alloys. The variation of TaN in TiAl caused elemental dissolution and re growth of many phases affecting the mechanical complexion of the alloy
Can Deep Learning Search for Exceptional Chiroptical Properties? The Halogenated [6]Helicene Case
Authors: G. Uceda Rafael , Gijón Alfonso , Míguez-Lago Sandra , Moreno-Cruz Carlos , Blanco Víctor , Fernández-Álvarez Fátima , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Molina-Solana Miguel , Gómez-Romero Juan , Miguel Delia , J. Mota Antonio , M. Cuerva Juan
Published: April 2024

In this work we predict, among more than a billion possibilities, the best candidates of halogenated [6]helicenes in order to obtain excellent chiroptical properties in terms of the rotatory strength (R). We have used DFT calculations to randomly create derivatives from 1 to 16 halogen atoms, that were then used as a data set to train different deep neural network models. It is worth noting that the simplest model affords a parametrization that allows to easily predict the value of R for any hexahalogenated [6]helicene. The correlation between calculated and predicted data increases together with the complexity of the model. The results show that some positions and halogens are preferred to increase the R value. In this sense, we have also synthesized the derivatives with the higher predicted R, obtaining excellent correlation among the values obtained experimentally, by DFT-calculations and machine learning predictions.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed (4π+2σ) Annulation of Bicyclobutanes with Dienol Ethers for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes
Authors: Nicolai Stefano , Waser Jerome
Published: April 2024

Bicyclic carbocycles containing a high fraction of Csp3 have become highly attractive synthetic targets because of the multiple applications they have found in medicinal chemistry. The formal cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCB) with two- or three- atom partners has recently been extensively explored for the construction of bicyclohexanes and bicycloheptanes, but applications to the synthesis of medium-sized bridged carbocycles remained more limited. We report herein the formal (4π+2σ) cycloaddition of BCB ketones with silyl dienol ethers. The reaction occurred in the presence of 5 mol% aluminium triflate as a Lewis acid catalyst. Upon acidic hydrolysis of the enol ether intermediates, rigid bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes (BCOs) diketones could be accessed in up to quantitative yields. This procedure tolerated a range of both aromatic and aliphatic substituents on both the BCB substrates and the dienes. The obtained BCO products could be functionalized through reduction and cross-coupling reactions.
Power strokes in molecular motors: Predictive, irrelevant, or somewhere in between?
Authors: Penocchio Emanuele , Gu Geyao , Albaugh Alex , Gingrich Todd R.
Published: April 2024

For several decades, molecular motor directionality has been rationalized in terms of the free energy of molecular conformations visited before and after the motor takes a step, a so-called power-stroke mechanism with analogues in macroscopic engines. Despite theoretical and experimental demonstrations of its flaws, power-stroke language is quite ingrained, and some communities still value power-stroke intuition. By building a catalysis-driven motor into simulated numerical experiments, we here systematically report on how directionality responds when the motor is modified accordingly to power-stroke intuition. We confirm that the power stroke mechanism does not generally predict the directionality. Still, the relative stability of molecular conformations can nevertheless be a useful design element that helps one alter the directional bias of a molecular motor. The ostensible effectiveness of power-stroke intuition is explained by the recognition that to target conformation stability, one must alter interactions between moieties of a molecular motor, and those altered interactions do not affect the power stroke in isolation. This can lead to apparent correlations between power stroke and directionality that one might leverage when engineering specific systems.
Biphasic Perchlorate Activation Enabled by a Dinuclear Fe-NHC Complex
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Hua Kai , ZHANG MING-TIAN
Published: April 2024

Perchlorate, initially perceived as a weakly coordinating counterion rather than a reactive oxidizing reagent due to its kinetic stability, has garnered attention for its potential in microbial systems. In anaerobic conditions, microbes utilize perchlorate as a terminal oxidant for methane oxidation, involving two distinct stages: extraction and release. The biphasic activation process necessitates the collaborative action of multiple enzymes, a phenomenon not extensively explored in artificial systems. To address this, a dinuclear Fe-NHC complex 1 was designed to enable the biphasic activation of perchlorate. Initially, complex 1 extracts the oxidative potential of perchlorate, leading to the formation of Fe(III)-O-Fe(III) complex 2 as the oxidation product. Subsequently, the extracted oxidative potential can be released by photolyzing a mixture of complex 2 and 9,10-dihydroanthracene. Further, an oxidative homocoupling reaction is initiated under anaerobic conditions, achieving the complete biphasic activation of perchlorate using a single artificial catalyst. This work provides new paradigm for constructing biomimetic anaerobic oxidation using kinetically inert high-valent oxygenated acid anions as oxidants.
IOT-based smart plant monitoring system using NodeMCU
Authors: Kunal Kumar Sahu , Suyash Kumar , Abhinay Taram , Danendra Kumar Rana , Naushin Anjum
Published: April 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the agriculture industry and enabling farmers to contend with the enormous challenges they face. Livestock monitoring, conservation monitoring, and plant & soil monitoring are the challenges for which IoT can provide solutions. Innovative IoT applications address agricultural issues, enhancing the quality, quantity, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of production. Today's large and local farms can leverage IoT to remotely monitor sensors detecting soil moisture, crop growth, pests, and control smart connected harvesters and irrigation equipment. This paper aims to monitor soil parameters such as moisture, temperature, and electrical conductivity, and automate the irrigation process. Decision-making is executed through a microcontroller. Users are notified via android apps when there are deviations from expected values, ensuring system health. Greenhouses are controlled environments for plant growth. The main aim of this paper is to design a simple, low-cost, IoT-based system to continuously monitor and control environmental parameters to achieve optimal plant growth and yield.
Parallel and Distributed Simulation of Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Sikora Andrzej , Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz Ewa
Published: April 2024

Modeling and simulation are traditional methods used to evaluate wireless network design. This paper addresses issues associated with the application of parallel discrete event simulation to mobile ad hoc networks design and analysis. The basic characteristics and major issues pertaining to ad hoc networks modeling and simulation are introduced. The focus is on wireless transmission and mobility models. Particular attention is paid to the MobASim system, a Javabased software environment for parallel and distributed simulation of mobile ad hoc networks. We describe the design, performance and possible applications of presented simulation software.
Perspective for Using the Optical Frequency Standards in Realization of the Second
Authors: Radecki Karol
Published: April 2024

The second is currently defined by the microwave transition in cesium atoms. Optical clocks offer the prospects of stabilities and reproducibilities that exceed those of cesium. This paper reviews the progress in frequency standards based on optical transitions, recommended by International Committee for Weights and Measures, as a secondary representation of the second. The operation of these standards is briefly described and factors affecting stability and accuracy of these and some new optical clocks are discussed.
PHY Abstraction Methods for OFDM and NOFDM Systems
Authors: Kliks Adrian , Zalonis Andreas , Dagres Ioannis , Polydoros Andreas , Bogucka Hanna
Published: April 2024

In the paper various PHY abstraction methods for both orthogonal and non-orthogonal systems are presented, which allow to predict the coded block error rate (BLER) across the subcarriers transmitting this FEC-coded block for any given channel realization. First the efficiency of the selected methods is investigated and proved by the means of computer simulations carried out in orthogonal muticarrier scenario. Presented results are followed by the generalization and theoretical extension of these methods for non-orthogonal systems.
Recommendations and Regulations of the European Commission Regarding the Pan-European eCall
Authors: Michalski Wojciech
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the main actions conducted by the European Commission in the context of the eCall programme (the initiatives of Driving Group), the recommendations and requirements for introduction of the pan-European eCall (architecture, handling procedures, minimum set of data (MSD) content, performance criteria, etc.) as well as regulations concerning the pan-European eCall, particularly the status of the eCall project covering also the legal situation of eCall in the Member States including Poland.
ID-Based Digital Signatures with Security Enhanced Approach
Authors: Pomykała Jacek
Published: April 2024

n the paper the ID-based digital signatures with signer’s protection in case of the private key compromising is investigated. The proposed protocols have two main ingredients. First is the application of the credential system for the suitable verification key approval. Second is the application of the subliminal channel together with the interactive generation of the secret key, to obtain the increased resistance of the system against the powerful adversary. The particular interest was turned towards the significance of the deniable encryption in creation of the corresponding protocols.
PaperThe Impact of ExternallyApplied Mechanical Stress on Analogand RF Performances of SOI MOSFETs
Authors: Emam Mostafa , Houri Samer , Vanhoenacker-Janvier Danielle , Raskin Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2024

his paper presents a complete study of the impactof mechanical stress on the performance of SOI MOSFETs.This investigation includes dc, analog and RF characteristics.Parameters of a small-signal equivalent circuit are also ex-tracted as a function of applied mechanical stress. Piezore-sistance coefficient is shown to be a key element in describingthe enhancement in the characteristics of the device due tomechanical stress.
Prospects and Development of Vertical Normally-off JFETs in SiC
Authors: Bakowski Mietek
Published: April 2024

This paper reviews the prospects of normally-off (N-off) JFET switch in SiC. The potential of selected vertical JFET concepts and all-JFET cascode solutions for N-off operation is analyzed using simulations. The performance of analyzed concepts is compared in terms of blocking voltage, specific on-state resistance, maximum output current density and switching performance in the temperature range from 25°C to 250°C. The main objective of the analysis is to ascertain consequences of different design and technology options for the total losses and high temperature performance of the devices.
Variation Analysis of CMOS Technologies Using Surface-Potential MOSFET Model
Authors: Mattausch Hans J ̈urgen , Yumisaki Akihiro , Sadachika Norio , Kaya Akihiro , Johguchi Koh , Koide Tetsushi , Miura-Mattausch Mitiko
Published: April 2024

An analysis of the measured macroscopic withinwafer variations for threshold voltage (Vth) and on-current (Ion) over several technology generations (180 nm, 100 nm and 65 nm) is reported. It is verified that the dominant microscopic variations of the MOSFET device can be extracted quantitatively from these macroscopic variation data by applying the surface-potential compact model Hiroshima University STARC IGFET model 2 (HiSIM2), which is presently brought into industrial application. Only a small number of microscopic parameters, representing substrate doping (NSUBC), pocket-implantation doping (NSUBP), carrier-mobility degradation due to gate-interface roughness (MUESR1) and channel-length variation during the gate formation (XLD) are found sufficient to quantitatively reproduce the measured macroscopic within-wafer variations of Vth and Ion for all channel length Lg and all technology generations. Quantitative improvements from 180 nm to 65 nm are confirmed to be quite large for MUESR1 (about 70%) and Lmin(XLD) (55%) variations, related to the gate-oxide interface and the gate-stack structuring, respectively. On the other hand, doping-related technology advances, which are reflected by the variation magnitudes of NSUBC (30%) and NSUBP (25%), are found to be considerably smaller. Furthermore, specific combinations of extreme microscopic parameter-variation values are able to represent the boundaries of macroscopic fabrication inaccuracies for Vth and Ion. These combinations are found to remain identical, not only for all Lg of a given technology node, but also for all investigated technologies with minimum Lg of 180 nm, 100 nm and 65 nm.
Analysis of the Dispersion of Electrical Parameters and Characteristics of FinFET Devices
Authors: Malinowski Arkadiusz , Tomaszewski Daniel , Łukasiak Lidia , Jakubowski Andrzej , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru , Korwin-Pawlowski Michael L.
Published: April 2024

Extensive numerical simulations of FinFET structures have been carried out using commercial TCAD tools. A series of plasma etching steps has been simulated for different process conditions in order to evaluate the influence of plasma pressure, composition and powering on the FinFET topography. Next, the most important geometric parameters of the FinFETs have been varied and the electrical characteristics have been calculated in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the FinFET electrical parameters on possible FinFET structure variability.
Rare Earth Silicate Formation: A Route Towards High-k for the 22 nm Node and Beyond
Authors: Mitrovic Ivona Z. , Hall Stephen
Published: April 2024

Over the last decade there has been a significant amount of research dedicated to finding a suitable high-k/metal gate stack to replace conventional SiON/poly-Si electrodes. Materials innovations and dedicated engineering work has enabled the transition from research lab to 300 mm production a reality, thereby making high-k/metal gate technology a pathway for continued transistor scaling. In this paper, we will present current status and trends in rare earthbased materials innovations; in particular Gd-based, for the high-k/metal gate technology in the 22 nm node. Key issues and challenges for the 22 nm node and beyond are also highlighted.
Technology of MISFET with SiO2/BaTiO3 System as a Gate Insulator
Authors: Firek Piotr , Szmidt Jan
Published: April 2024

The properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT), such as high dielectric constant and resistivity, allow it to find numerous applications in the field of microelectronics. In this work silicon metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor (MISFET) structures with BaTiO3 thin films (containing La2O3 admixture) acting as gate insulator were investigated. The films were produced by means of radio frequency plasma sputtering (RF PS) of sintered BaTiO3 + La2O3 (2% wt.) target. In the paper transfer and output I−V, transconductance and output conductance characteristics of the obtained transistors are presented and discussed. Basic parameters of these devices, such as threshold voltage (VTH) are determined and discussed.
Modeling, Simulation and Calibration of Silicon Wet Etching
Authors: Kociubiński Andrzej , Duk Mariusz , Bieniek Tomasz , Janus Paweł
Published: April 2024

The methods of parameter optimization in Etch3DTM simulator and the results of the comparison of simulations of silicon etching in KOH with experiments are presented. The aim of this study was to calibrate the tool to a set of process conditions that is offered by Institute of Electron Technology (ITE). The Taguchi approach was used to analyze the influence of every remove probability function (RPF) parameter on one or more output parameters. This allowed tuning the results of simulation to the results of real etching performed in ITE.
Si-Based Electrodes for Potentiometric Measurements of Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zaborowski Michał , Tomaszewski Daniel , Jaroszewicz Bohdan , Grabiec Piotr
Published: April 2024

Three sensors for chemical and physical examination of aqueous solutions were presented in the paper. An Au potentiometric electrode, an AgCl chlorine ion sensor and a p-n junction thermometer were developed. Their layout and internal structure were explained in the light of the manufacturing process. The device characteristics were measured in conditions corresponding to normal operation of the devices. Basic electrical parameters of the developed structures, as well as their sensitivity to environmental parameter variation were estimated.
LPT and SLPT Measurement Methods of Flat-Band Voltage (VFB) in MOS Devices
Authors: Piskorski Krzysztof , M. Przewłocki Henryk
Published: April 2024

The photoelectric techniques are often used for the measurements of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) structure parameters. These methods, which consist in illuminating the MOS structure with a semitransparent metal gate by a UV light beam, are often competitive for typical electric measurements. The results obtained by different photoelectric methods are, in many cases, more accurate and reproducible than the results of other measurements. The flat-band voltage VFB is an important parameter of any MOS structure since its value influences the threshold voltage VT , which decides for example about power consumption of MOS transistors. One of the methods to measure the VFB value is the electric method of C(V) characteristic. This method involves certain calculations and requires the knowledge about parameters of the investigated sample. The accuracy of this method is rarely better than ±100 mV (for higher doping of the substrates the accuracy is worse). The other method of VFB value determination, outlined in this article, is the photoelectric light pulse technique (LPT) method. This method based on the idea proposed by Yun is currently being optimized and verified experimentally.
Lateral Force Calibration Method Used for Calibration of Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Ekwińska Magdalena , Rymuza Zygmunt
Published: April 2024

Modern heterogeneous micro- and nanostructures usually integrate modules fabricated using various materials and technologies. Moreover, it has to be emphasized that the macro and micro nanoscale material parameters are not the same. For this reason it has become crucial to identify the nanomechanical properties of the materials commonly used in micro- and nanostructure technology. One of such tests is a nanowear test performed using the atomic force microscope (AFM). However, to obtain quantitative measurement results a precision calibration step is necessary. In this paper a novel approach to calibration of lateral force acting on the tip of an AFM cantilever is discussed. Presented method is based on application of known lateral force directly on the tip using a special test structure. Such an approach allows for measurements of nanowear parameters (force, displacement) with the uncertainty better than ±3%. The calibration structure designed specifically for this calibration method is also presented.
Adaptive Resource Management and Flexible Radios for WiMAX
Authors: Salazar Jos ́e , Gómez Ismael , Gelonch Antoni
Published: April 2024

The availability of dynamic resource management will be crucial for the deployment of future wireless systems characterized by high data rate services with rigid quality of service demands. Flexible radios appear as the technological answer required to achieve constraint goals under different channel conditions and transmission scenarios. This paper is focused on enhancing another step of flexibility within the resource management by including an efficient handling of computing resources. This concept towards flexible architectures represents a key word for a real successful implementation due to the relationship between the radio applications, which face the scarcity of resources within a heterogeneous environment, and the processing power needed to execute them.
Mathematical Foundations of Cognitive Radios
Authors: Couillet Romain , Debbah M ́erouane
Published: April 2024

Recently, much interest has been directed towards software defined radios and embedded intelligence in telecommunication devices. However, no fundamental basis for cognitive radios has ever been proposed. In this paper, we introduce a fundamental vision of cognitive radios from a physical layer viewpoint. Specifically, our motivation in this work is to embed human-like intelligence in mobile wireless devices, following the three century-old work on Bayesian probability theory, the maximum entropy principle and minimal probability update. This allows us to partially answer such questions as, what are the signal detection capabilities of a wireless device, when facing a situation in which most parameters are missing, how to react and so on. As an introductory example, we will present previous works from the same authors following the cognitive framework, and especially the multi-antenna channel modeling and signal sensing.
Charging Phenomena at the Interface Between High-k Dielectrics and SiOx Interlayers
Authors: Engström Olof , Raeissi Bahman , Piscator Johan , Mitrovic Ivona Z , Hall Stephen , Gottlob Heinrich D. B. , Schmidt Mathias , Hurley Paul K. , Cherkaoui Karim
Published: April 2024

The transition regions of GdSiO/SiOx and HfO2/ SiOx interfaces have been studied with the high-k layers deposited on silicon substrates. The existence of transition regions was verified by medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) data and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From measurements of thermally stimulated current (TSC), electron states were found in the transition region of the HfO2/SiOx structures, exhibiting instability attributed to the flexible structural molecular network expected to surround the trap volumes. The investigations were focused especially on whether the trap states belong to an agglomeration consisting of a single charge polarity or of a dipole constellation. We found that flat-band voltage shifts of MOS structures, that reach constant values for increasing oxide thickness, cannot be taken as unique evidence for the existence of dipole layers.
The Effect of High Temperature Annealing on Fluorine Distribution Profile and Electro-Physical Properties of Thin Gate Oxide Fluorinated by Silicon Dioxide RIE in CF4 Plasma
Authors: Kalisz Małgorzata , Głuszko Grzegorz , Beck Romuald B.
Published: April 2024

This study describes the effects of high temperature annealing performed on structures fluorinated during initial silicon dioxide reactive ion etching (RIE) process in CF4 plasma prior to the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) of the final oxide. The obtained results show that fluorine incorporated at the PECVD oxide/Si interface during RIE is very stable even at high temperatures. Application of fluorination and high temperature annealing during oxide layer fabrication significantly improved the properties of the interface (Ditmb decreased), as well as those of the bulk of the oxide layer (Qeff decreased). The integrity of the oxide (higher Vbd ) and its uniformity (Vbd distribution) are also improved.
Multi-Domain Modeling and Simulations of the Heterogeneous Systems
Authors: Bieniek Tomasz , Janczyk Grzegorz , Szynka Jerzy , Grabiec Piotr , Kociubiński Andrzej , Ekwińska Magdalena , Tomaszewski Daniel , Malinowski Arkadiusz
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the multi-domain modeling and simulation issues of the design and analysis of heterogeneous integrated systems. Modeling and simulation method- ology and tools are also discussed.
Frequency Offset Compensation for OFDM Systems Using a Combined Autocorrelation and Wiener Filtering Scheme
Authors: Ramadan Ali Ali , Khanzada Tariq Jamil , Omar Abbas
Published: April 2024

One of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system disadvantages is its sensitivity to frequency offset and phase noise, which lead to losing the orthogonality between the subcarriers and thereby degrade the system performance. In this paper a joint scheme for frequency offset and pilot-based channel estimation is introduced in which the frequency offset is first estimated using an autocorrelation method, and then is fined further by applying an iterative phase correction by means of pilot-based Wiener filtering method. In order to verify the capability of the estimation algorithm, the scheme has been implemented and tested using a real measurement system in a multipath indoor environment. The results show the algorithm capability of compensating for the frequency offset with different transmission and channel conditions.
Mobile Telematic Applications Based on Object Positioning
Authors: Wydro Kornel B.
Published: April 2024

Global positioning systems makes possible to build a new telematic systems, enabling various applications and services in many branches of economy. A special area of such applications are various transport and transport related tasks. Among them, of a high importance are applications applied to mobile objects, for example, to all kinds of vehicles, called mobile telematic services. The paper presents features of such a services, with a special emphasis of the services being foreseen in Galileo satellite positioning system. Even conditions concerning such a service constructions are discussed, having in mind mainly necessity of complementary communications between a positioned object and related surrounding, including co-users of the movement area infrastructure as well as broader environment.
Telecommunications, Universal Service and Poverty in Mexico: a Public Policy Assessment (1990–2008)
Authors: Casanueva-Reguar Cristina , Pita S. Antonio
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes the design and implementation of telecommunications service policies targeted at the poorest regions of Mexico (1990–2008). It begins by defining universal access and service policies, their economic and social rationale. Secondly, it discusses the scope of public policies on universal service provision designed by Mexican authorities to achieve the goal of universal access. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the distributive effects of this set of policies among the poorest sectors of the population. The sources on which this research was based were two national surveys: the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2008), and the Household Survey of the Access and Use of Information Technologies (2007). The additional information on regional economic development was based on the poverty indexes by the national population council and economic information given by Mexico’s Census Bureau. Additional use was made of the annual reports prepared by Ministry of Communications, statistics published by the Federal Telecommunications Commission and official documents prepared by the government agencies. Finally, a series of in-depth interviews was conducted with the former representatives of the Office of Rural Telephony. Finally, the article discusses, in the light of available evidence, possible explanations for the apparent failure of the universal service policy that was implemented to bring at least basic voice services to Mexico’s neediest.
Stochastic Models in Techno-Economic Analysis of Broadband Access Networks
Authors: Olender Paweł
Published: April 2024

Development of networks, specially access networks, is very important and urgent task nowadays. However, it turns out that this segment of telecommunication networks is the most expensive and complicated part of this undertaking. Therefore, the thorough analyses are carried out to determine the best solution under specific circumstances before any decisions are made. This paper presents techno-economic model, which was implemented and used to carry out analyses for one of the biggest city in Poland. To take uncertainty into consideration the stochastic approach was applied providing more robust solution, therefore, improving the safety of investment. Analyses concern FTTH (fibre to the home) technology, type of generic FTTx network architecture. It uses optical fibre in local telecommunication loop, what is becoming more and more popular. Presented results show the usefulness of techno-economic surveys in planning access networks development. The appropriate choice of network parameters, such as the aggregation ratio, is essential and could significantly influence the investment profitability.
Price Method and Network Congestion Control
Authors: Malinowski Krzysztof , Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz Ewa , Jaskóła Przemysław
Published: April 2024

Price instruments are useful in achieving market balance conditions in various markets. Those instruments can be also used for control of other composite systems. The formulation and basic properties of the Price Method are reviewed and then the congestion control by price instruments in a computer network is described and tested.
Computational Methods for Two-Level 0-1 Programming Problems through Distributed Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Niwa Keiichi , Hayashida Tomohiro , Sakawa Masatoshi
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we consider a two-level 0-1 programming problem in which there is not coordination between the decision maker (DM) at the upper level and the decision maker at the lower level. We propose a revised computational method that solves problems related to computational methods for obtaining the Stackelberg solution. Specifically, in order to improve the computational accuracy of approximate Stakelberg solutions and shorten the computational time of a computational method implementing a genetic algorithm (GA) proposed by the authors, a distributed genetic algorithm is introduced with respect to the upper level GA, which handles decision variables for the upper level DM. Parallelization of the lower level GA is also performed along with parallelization of the upper level GA. The proposed algorithm is also improved in order to eliminate unnecessary computation during operation of the lower level GA, which handles decision variables for the lower level DM. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we propose comparisons with existing methods by performing numerical experiments to verify both the accuracy of the solution and the time required for the computation.
An Algorithm for Enumerating SRLG Diverse Path Pairs
Authors: Gomes Teresa , Craveirinha Jos ́e
Published: April 2024

Telecommunication networks are intrinsically multi-layered, a single failure at a lower level usually corresponds to a multi-failure scenario at an upper layer. In this context, the concept of shared risk link group (SRLG) allows an upper layer to select, for a given active path (AP), a backup path (BP), which avoids every SRLG that may involve the selected AP, in the event of a failure. That is a SRLG diversepath set maybe defined as a set of paths, between an origin and a destination, such that no pair of paths can be simultaneously affected by any given failure (or risk) in a single failure scenario. Firstly we present the formulation of the SRLG di- verse path pair calculation problem in a directed network. An algorithm for enumerating SRLG diverse paths, by non decreasing cost of their total (additive) cost will be presented, which is based on an algorithm proposed for generating minimal cost node disjoint path pairs. The SRLG diverse path pairs may be node or arc disjoint, with or without length constraints. Computational results will be presented to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for obtaining node or arc disjoint SRLG diverse path pairs in undirected networks.