bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fundación de la primera Escuela Normal del Perú 1822-1824 y el rol de Diego Thomson
Authors: Alfaro Lagos Andrés Abdías
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo estudia las primeras normas jurídicas y administrativas educativas para implementar la educación pública, enfocado en la fundación de la primera Escuela Normal del Perú (1822), correspondiente al Protectorado del Libertador José de San Martín. Su existencia fue efímera por las guerras de la Independencia y promesas incumplidas, posteriormente tuvo creaciones discontinuas; finalmente refundada en 1905, como Escuela Normal de Preceptores y actualmente es la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle. La obra educativa de San Martín está ligada con el estudio y presencia del educador y misionero protestante James o Diego Thomson que, en colaboración con el sacerdote José Francisco Navarrete Sánchez, fue el artificie de la fundación y funcionamiento de las primeras escuelas lancasterianas en Lima y el desarrollo de actividades administrativas y educativas de la primera Escuela Normal. El artículo resalta las iniciativas para beneficiar a los hijos de las grandes mayorías nacionales, explotados y marginados durante trescientos años de dominio colonial, la reivindicación del derecho a la educación de la mujer, la profesionalización y actualización de los docentes, el desarrollo de la educación bilingüe.
Nubes ocultas: la guerra bacteriológica en la Guerra del Chaco
Authors: Gutiérrez Campos Jhonny H.
Published: October 2024

Este artículo estudia un episodio de la Guerra del Chaco: la implementación de tácticas de guerra bacteriológica por parte de Bolivia. A través del análisis detallado de documentos históricos y testimonios directos, se revela cómo se planificó y ejecutó este enfoque bélico, centrando la atención en los roles específicos desempeñados por figuras clave en el proceso. Contrario a lo que se podría asumir, la investigación demuestra que la estrategia de utilizar agentes biológicos no solo se consideró seriamente, sino que se tomaron pasos concretos hacia su aplicación. Este estudio no solo arroja luz sobre las dimensiones éticas y morales enfrentadas por los involucrados, sino que también proporciona una visión sobre el uso de la ciencia y la medicina en contextos de guerra. Al explorar estas acciones en profundidad, el artículo contribuye significativamente a la historiografía de la Guerra del Chaco, al mismo tiempo que plantea preguntas esenciales sobre los límites de la guerra y el papel de los profesionales de la salud en estos escenarios.
¿Vínculo o delimitación? Los kallawayas como mediadores entre el mundo andino y amazónico, siglos XV-XVIII
Authors: Aruquipa Chino Luis Fernando
Published: October 2024

El grupo étnico de los kallawayas, posiblemente formó parte de un extenso señorío ubicado en los valles de Larecaja, que se extendía desde cercanías de las riberas del lago Titicaca, hasta su anexión al Tawantinsuyo bajo el dominio Inca. Durante estos periodos, los kallawayas jugaron un rol importante como intermediadores entre el mundo andino y el mundo amazónico. El territorio que ocupaban los kallawayas era un punto estratégico donde se producía una relación comercial y un encuentro cultural entre grupos étnicos de los Andes y los grupos étnicos de tierras bajas denominados como “chunchos”. Durante la época virreinal, este territorio va seguir siendo estratégico para la entrada a las tierras de las llanuras de Moxos.
Implementasi PjBL Berbantuan Media Interaktif Daring pada Matakuliah Anti Korupsi dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman dan Motivasi Mahasaiswa
Authors: Baharudin Baharudin , Awaluddin Rizka
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi mahasiswa dalam matakuliah anti korupsi melalui implementasi Project-Based Learning (PjBL) berbantuan media interaktif daring. Pendidikan anti korupsi di perguruan tinggi berperan penting membentuk karakter mahasiswa sebagai pemimpin masa depan. Jenis penelitian ini dengan menerapkan eksperimen semu (quasi eksperiment) dan desain penelitian menggunakan desain one group postest. Penelitian dilakukan pada 19 orang mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP Al Amin Dompu yang menempuh matakuliah anti korupsi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengimplementasikan pembelajaran PjBL berbantuan media interaktif daring, dan data yang diperoleh dengan memberikan tes tentang pemahaman dan mahasiswa mengisi angket tentang motivasi setelah memperoleh perkuliahan. Analisis data menggunakan uji untuk hasil belajar dan analisis deskriptif untuk motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai uji beda yang diperoleh adalah 16.340, dengan taraf signifikansi 0.000 yang lebih kecil dari 0.05. Kemudian motivasi belajar mahasiswa berada pada kategori sangat setuju (40%) dan setuju (60%) terhadap persepsinya pada implementasi pembelajaran, yang menunjukkan mahasiswa tidak berada pada kategori yang tidak setuju. Dari hasil tersebut memberikan kesimpulan bahwa penerapan Project-Based Learning (PjBL) berbantuan media interaktif daring terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi belajar mahasiswa, serta mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan.
Harassment Of Men By Women In India
Authors: Singh Chandan Kumar , Rani Dr. Mamta
Published: October 2024

A significant aspect of gender-based violence that is sometimes overlooked is the mental harassment and abuse that occurs during marital disagreements. This kind of violence mostly affects male victims. The purpose of this in-depth investigation is to investigate the myriad of symptoms, effects, and societal responses that are associated with psychological abuse that men experience within the framework of family disputes. The purpose of this article is to investigate the nuances of financial exploitation, emotional manipulation, false accusations, and social stigmatisation that males frequently experience during times of significant upheaval. This is accomplished by conducting a comprehensive review of relevant scholarly works. In addition, it investigates the far-reaching effects that psychological abuse has on the mental health of guys, as well as the ramifications that it has on their interpersonal relationships and their overall wellbeing. In addition, the research offers a critical evaluation of the legal and cultural hurdles that come up when seeking to handle mental harassment that is directed against males in the context of marital problems. Additionally, it proposes all-encompassing strategies for intervention, aid, and preventative interventions. An example of discriminating behaviour is someone who harasses another person. Any behaviour, whether verbal or physical, that is deemed to be offensive or humiliating to you is included in this category. It comprises a wide range of objectionable behaviours and ways of behaving. Generally speaking, it is characterised as behaviour that makes a person to feel ashamed, humiliated, or embarrassed, and it is differentiated by the fact that it is unlikely from a social and moral point of view. Behavior of this kind has a detrimental effect on both the physical and emotional health of a person. When seen from a legal perspective, these are behaviours that seem to be disturbing, scary, or threatening. As a consequence of their roots in biassed presumptions, they lead to the denial or obstruction of an individual's capacity to exercise their rights. If these behaviours continue to occur on a regular basis, they may also be considered bullying in the language of the common people. It is possible that the unpleasant, uncomfortable, or scary aspect of the repetition and its continuity is what differentiates it from a mere reprimand or insult by a significant amount.
Comportamiento reproductivo de la cabra criolla manejada a campo abierto en los diferentes pisos altitudinales del trópico seco del sur del Ecuador-Sud America
Authors: Aguirre Edgar , González-Muñoz Miguel , Benavidez-Silva Cesar
Published: October 2024

El ecosistema estacional bosque seco ocupa la tercera parte de la superficie de la provincia de Loja en el sur del Ecuador, es un ambiente de topografía irregular y de alta pendiente, con escases de lluvias y pasturas, siendo la cabra criolla manejada extensivamente el animal que se adaptado a estas condiciones. Estudiar la actividad reproductiva de este animal  en los diferentes pisos altitudinales de este ecosistema  a lo largo del año fue el objetivo del estudio. Para ello se colecto datos de 300 cabras adultas elegidas al azar provenientes de 30 corrales (10 cabras/corral), agrupados en 10 corrales y 100 animales en cada uno de los 3 pisos altitudinales considerados: Piso 1  (0 a 400 m.s.n.m), Piso 2 (400 a 800 m.s.n.m) y Piso 3 (800 a 1200 m.s.n.m). Los resultados mostraron que la edad en que entran a la reproducción es de 8,5±2,2 meses, los partos se presentan con mayor frecuencia durante los meses de diciembre a marzo, la prolificidad en esta población es de 1.5; el destete es  del 90.4%, con una edad promedio de 4 meses; en cuanto a la época de celos se da en los meses de julio a septiembre, presentándose con una frecuencia menor al 10% en los demás meses del año. Concluyendo que existe un alto grado de relación entre la actividad reproductiva y el Índice de Temperatura-Humedad de la zona, por lo que el comportamiento y estacionalidad reproductiva de esta cabra está influenciada directamente por las condiciones ambientales y disponibilidad de alimento, pues, en los meses de mayor humedad y temperatura se dan los partos y en los meses más secos se presenta la mayor actividad  reproductiva.
Consentimiento informado. ¿Qué es, para qué sirve y cómo se presta en el ejercicio odontológico más allá de la regulación normativa?
Authors: Araujo-Cuauro Juan
Published: October 2024

En Venezuela existen muy pocos estudios sobre el uso del consentimiento informado voluntario en el área de la odontología debido a que este nos está reflejado en los artículos del Código de Deontología Odontológica, Ley del Ejercicio de la Odontología. Por tanto, en el presente artículo se realizará una disertación que aclare algunos conceptos y que se espera que contribuya a guiar la práctica de los odontólogo/as El objetivo de la presente investigación persigue principalmente, a través de un proceso de revisión bibliográfica constatar si consentimiento informado voluntario válido para el odontólogo/a ¿Qué es y cómo utilizarlo en el ejercicio odontológico más allá de la regulación normativa? Metodología. La investigación se basa en tres componentes: (i) Revisión documental en Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Scielo, entre otros. Diversos artículos investigación los cuales se abordaron desde el enfoque cualitativo documental con la revisión bibliográfica; (ii) Análisis de contenido más allá de los procesos de regulación normativa que se le plantean al odontólogo/a durante la práctica odontológica para obtener el consentimiento válidamente previa información; (iii) Encuesta tipo cuestionario cerrada, de forma online. Conclusión. A pesar de la importancia que posee el consentimiento informado, nuestra realidad muestra la falta de interés o de participación por el profesional de la odontología para llevar a cabo un correcto proceso en el que se cumplan los requerimientos del mismo, debido a que existen discrepancias entre los odontólogo/as, pues para algunos se debe llevar a cabo por razones legales, para otros informativas, de autorización y éticas.
Opciones de rehabilitación al paciente joven con Amelogénesis imperfecta
Authors: Acosta María , Rodríguez Douglas
Published: October 2024

El paciente con Amelogénesis imperfecta (AI) tiene una condición genética que afecta su esmalte dental desde la dentición primaria en muchos casos, presentando quejas en su estética, función y sensibilidad. Existe la necesidad de rehabilitar a este paciente que está inmerso en un proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo. Las opciones de tratamiento varían de acuerdo al tipo de dentición, a la edad del paciente, al grado de afección de la AI, al fenotipo de AI, al estatus socioeconómico y a lo que pueda ofrecer el profesional. El objetivo de esta investigación fue hacer una búsqueda actualizada de las diferentes opciones de tratamiento restaurador para el paciente joven con amelogénesis imperfecta. Se realizó una revisión bibliografía actualizada en diversas bases de datos electrónicas como MEDLINE, EBSCO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library; desde 1995 a 2024. Se concluye que el paciente pediátrico o adolescente con AI tiene necesidades especiales, mientras consolida aspectos de su autoestima y autopercepción. El equipo odontológico debe proveer un manejo estomatológico integral que devuelva al individuo su función, estética y satisfacción personal.
Evalution of Waddlia Chondrophila in women with recurrent miscarriage using Taqman Real-time PCR
Authors: Harirzadeh Saeed , Kafilzadeh Farshid , Zandi Hengameh , Kargar Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background: Abortion is one of the major complications of pregnancy. In only 50% of cases the cause of miscarriage is known. One of the most common causes of abortion is Waddlia Chondrophila (W. Chondrophila), but no information is available regarding to its presence in Iran. The purpose of this study was to develop a Taqman real-time PCR assay for the detection of W. Chondrophila in biological samples from aborted women. Methods: Clinical samples from women with a history of multiple miscarriages, normal delivery were provided. Standard strain WSU 86–1044 has been provided. The primer and probe W. Chondrophila were designed. A positive control was provided based on the PUC57 vector. Technical performance was checked using a control plasmid. The analytical sensitivity is 5 ng/µl control plasmid DNA. Results: No cross-amplification was observed when testing for other pathogens that could be detected in human vaginitis. Taqman real-time PCR assay showed good reproducibility. This real-time PCR was then applied to 100 vaginal swabs. None of the samples tested positive for Waddlia. Conclusion: This new TaqMan real-time PCR assay represents a diagnostic tool that can be used to further investigate the prevalence of W. Chondrophila infection in patient samples.
Importancia de la detoxificación para la reparación de compromiso de Furca grado II. Caso clínico
Authors: Romero-Suarez Joel , Pabon-Triana Paola , Ramos-Ramírez Jimena , Burgos-Fuentes Teresita , Díaz-Caballero Antonio
Published: October 2024

Antecedente: El compromiso de furca se refiere a la pérdida ósea alrededor de la raíz dental, creando una lesión de tipo cráter entre las raíces del mismo diente. Esta situación se clasifica en diferentes grados según la cantidad de pérdida ósea y la extensión en la furca, siendo el grado II un nivel intermedio. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento de detoxificación de furca con doxiciclina, odontoplastía e injerto óseo en un caso de periodontitis con compromiso de furca grado II. Caso Clínico: Paciente de 60 años con lesión inflamatoria en un diente tratado endodónticamente y compromiso de furca grado II, utilizando técnicas quirúrgicas combinadas. Resultado: Se observó una reparación ósea significativa, desaparición de la inflamación y mejoría en los tejidos periodontales. Radiográficamente, se evidenció una completa recuperación de la furca y formación de tejido óseo. La efectividad de este tratamiento sugiere que la detoxificación con doxiciclina, junto con procedimientos como la odontoplastía y el injerto óseo, es una opción favorable para casos de periodontitis con compromiso de furca. Este enfoque conservador puede ser considerado en situaciones similares, resaltando la importancia de estrategias innovadoras en el tratamiento de enfermedades periodontales complejas.
Carbon Dots Derived from Waste Fish Scale for Enhanced Removal of Levofloxacin Drug: Parametric Optimization, Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Olateju Idowu Iyabo , Adeyi Abel Adekanmi , Giwa Abdulwahab
Published: October 2024

The public health and environmental protection have been facing a great challenge for efficient antibiotics' adsorption from aqueous solution. In this work, a carbon dots nanoparticle from biomass (fish scale) was synthesized and employed for antibiotic adsorption. The synthesized fish scale carbon dots (FCD) were characterized by means of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Experiments on adsorption were performed to examine the capability of the synthesized adsorbent for adsorption of Levofloxacin. The optimum conditions were ascertained through the use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design to increase the effectiveness of levofloxacin removal, and there was 96.03% removal efficiency of 60 minutes contact time, 10 mg/L levofloxacin concentration and FCD dosage of 0.2 g/L. Also, the adsorption experiments indicated that at the lowest concentration of 10 mg/L, at time 45 min and 0.15 mg dosage the adsorption rate was high. For the kinetics data, the pseudo-second order model best fit the data. Furthermore, the Redlich-Peterson model fit isothermal data the best.
Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Palm Kernel Shell and Cocoa Pods Oils with Conventional Diesel Fuel: Characterizations, FTIR, GC-MS, XRD and SEM Analysis of the Nano Catalyst
Authors: Nkanang Bassey , Abam Fidelis , Ndukwu Macmanus , Ugwu Hyginus , Oboh Agnes
Published: October 2024

The uncertainty of predicting the conditions of bio oils for the production of quality biofuels and reusability of catalyst, saving cost of production and time, make characterization of the oils/catalyst imperative. Characterization of bio oils, extracted from palm kernel shell and cocoa pods, the blends, catalyst and biodiesel produced therefrom is investigated. A maximum biodiesel yield of 76.05% was obtained at optimal conditions. Titanuim oxide used proved to be efficient catalyst for converting the oil blends to biodiesel. The established results obtained show kinematic viscosity of 5.65 – 7.78 mm2s-1 @ 40 oC, density of 0.8428 – 0.8642 kg/m3, cloud point of 4.48 – 6.48 oC, fire point of 108 – 150 oC, cetane index of 37.78 – 30.13, acid value of mg KOH/g, API gravity of 32.89 – 29, anicidine point of 50 – 46 oC etc. All the values fell within the recommended ASTM and EN standards. The GC-MS, XRD, EDX, SEM, and FTIR analyses carried out to evaluate the quality of the sample with respect to deterioration, gave an ester percentage of 99.9% for the bio-oil and biodiesel, which is within the minimum standard range of not less than 96.5% recommended. The GC-MS of the blended oil shows that the most prevalent fatty acids identified amongst 13 other distinct compounds were methyl linolenate, methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and methyl eicosadinoate with percentage concentrations of 63.03, 26.9, 8.1 and 2% respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the titanium oxide anatase structure with a peak of 25.4 degrees. The SEM analysis shows high porosity with high specific surface area of the catalyst at magnification of 80 – 269μm; and the FTIR analysis revealed that the functional groups for the bio-oil and blended biodiesel were in range.
Analysis of Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department With High Blood Glucose Level in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Köseoğlu Zikret , Gezer Deniz , Ecin Seval Müzeyyen
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the relationship and effects of sociodemographic characteristic data and clinical, laboratory and other findings of cases who are admitted to the emergency department (ED) with high blood glucose levels during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study in which the demographic data, blood gases, blood count and biochemical variables of adult patients admitted to the ED between 01.01.2020 and 31.05.2021 in a 17-month period were retrospectively screened and analyzed.
Results: Infection was detected in 67 (10.5%) of 638 patients with blood glucose level of 300 mg/dl and above. Pneumonia was detected in 56 (8.7%) patients and 203 (31.8%) were hospitalized and 34 (5.3%) died during follow-up. SpO2 was lower (p<0.01), heart rate was higher (p<0.01), systolic blood pressure was lower (p<0.01); in blood gases, pH, HCO3 and CO2 are lower (p<0.01) in the inpatients than outpatients. SpO2 (p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (p<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.02) pH (p<0.01) and HCO3 (p<0.01) were lower; WBC (p<0.01), neutrophil (p<0.01) were higher, hemoglobin was lower (p=0.01), platelet (p=0.02) and CRP levels were higher (p<0.01) in patients who died within the follow-up period than the survivors.
Conclusion: Hyperglycemia is a poor prognostic factor in patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic period. An increase in LDH values, WBC, neutrophils, and a decrease in lymphocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit values have a negative impact on the outcomes, and clinicians should follow these variables closely.
Evaluating Anatomy Education in Kastamonu Çatalzeytin Vocational Higher Schools through Student Feedbacks
Authors: Şahin Öztürkcan Derya , Harmandaoğlu Oğuzhan , Ünver Doğan Nadire
Published: October 2024

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes of students in Vocational Higher Schools by obtaining their opinions, regarding the Anatomy course.
Methods: This study is a survey-based research aimed at evaluating the opinions of 639 students enrolled in different programs (Disability Care and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, and Elderly Care Programs) at Kastamonu University Çatalzeytin Vocational Higher School regarding the Anatomy course, which they have taken theoretically. The survey questionnaire consists of 29 questions related to the evaluation of theoretical classes and eight questions related to the evaluation of exams. The survey questions were created online, and the participating students were provided with a link to access the survey questionnaire.
Results: When asked about the contribution of the Anatomy course content to their professional development, 60.5% of the students responded positively, while 18.2% responded negatively. In regards to the inclusion of practical classes alongside theoretical classes, 80.9% of the students responded positively, while 7.1% responded negatively. Regarding the evaluation of exams, 63.8% of the students responded positively to the question of including visual-based questions in theoretical exams, while 19.5% responded negatively. When asked about the inclusion of practical exams alongside theoretical exams, 50% responded positively, while 27.6% responded negatively.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, which incorporates the opinions of the students, it is emphasized that practical classes should be included alongside theoretical classes in Anatomy education. Furthermore, it is noted that reminder sessions would be beneficial in the following years due to the tendency of forgetting the content of the Anatomy course.
The Relationship Between Pneumothorax and Lymphopenia In Patients with Covid-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Şahinoğlu Tuba
Published: October 2024

Background: Pneumothorax and lymphopenia regarded as poor prognostic factors in covid-19 pneumonia.In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between pneumothorax and lymphopenia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit due to COVID-19 pneumonia and evaluate whether lymphocyte count can be used to predict the development of pneumothorax.
Methods: We reviewed the records of 50 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia retrospectively who developed pneumothorax and underwent tube thoracostomy at our hospital's intesive care units
Results : There were 32 women and 18 men with a mean age of 67.98 years.Of the patients who developed pneumothorax, 78% were intubated. 86% of the patients with pneumothorax died.The risk of mortality in patients with pneumothorax decreased 0.198 times as lymphocyte count increased. In ROC curve analysis based on intubation status, a cut-off value of 1.02 for lymphocyte count is statistically significant.
Conclusions: In this study, we observed that intubated patients had a high likelihood of developing pneumothorax and that concomitant deep lymphopenia was directly associated with mortality. The results highlight that during intensive care follow-up, it must be kept in mind that poor prognostic factors can interact to result in more serious prognostic implications
Comparative Study of Inflammatory Markers in Schizophrenia, FirstEpisode Psychosis, and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Garip Beyazit , Oğur Begüm , Tekin Şükran , İnanç Öykü
Published: October 2024

Objective: An elevated level of NLR level is defined as an indicator of systemic inflammation, and it is stated that it can be used as an effective tool in navigating psychosis. The aim of the present study is to explore the blood parameters such as neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte and their ratios (NLR, MLR, PLR) in both affective and non-affective psychosis.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study conducted on schizophrenia(Sch), first-episode psychosis(FEP), and bipolar disorder(BD). Digital medical records were retrospectively analyzed between 2016 to 2021. The total number of patients recruited for this study is 437. Patients were divided into 3 groups which are schizophrenia (n:199), FEP (n:127), and Bipolar Disorder (n:111). The healthy control (HC) group (n:200) was selected who had never been diagnosed with any psychiatric disorders.
Results: In this study, no difference was found between the patient groups in terms of substance use (Chi-square= 5.008; p= 0.082), platelet count was lower in SCH patients and no difference was found between the other groups in terms of platelet count. There was no statistical difference between the study groups in terms of lymphocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and their ratios (NLR, MLR, PLR) (p>0.05 for each).
Conclusion: In contrast to the previous findings, we did not show any significant differences in NLR, MLR, and PLR levels in both affective and non-affective psychosis. To better understand the pathophysiology of psychosis, it might be more suitable to conduct a clinical trial with drug-naive FEP patients in a prospective manner.
Immunosuppression-Based Lymphoproliferative Disease Features and Parameters Affecting Survival
Authors: Goktas Aydın Sabin , Nalçacı Meliha , Yönal Hindilerden İpek , Kalayoğlu Beşışık Sevgi , Yenerel Mustafa Nuri , Aydin Ahmet
Published: October 2024

Aim: Lymphoid cell malignancies originate from the immune cells at various stages of differentiation, ranging from the slowest progressing ones to the most aggressive types. The immune deficiency-associated lymphomas are less frequently seen with worse prognoses, poor treatment responses, and high mortality rates than the primary lymphomas. In this study, we aim to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings and to determine the survival rates, treatment responses, and the factors that may influence the mortality and survival rates in patients with immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas.
Methods: The study included 15 patients with immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas and 49 patients with newly diagnosed primary lymphomas between January 2013 and January 2023. Patient characteristics, treatments, and mortality rates were retrospectively analyzed using data charts.
Results: The remission and partial remission rates after the treatment were significantly lower in the patients with immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas [p=0.025; OR=5.6 (1.4-22, 95%CI)]. The IPI values of the primary lymphoma patients were significantly lower. Upon evaluating all patients in both groups collectively, a discernible trend indicated a deterioration in treatment responses correlating with escalating International Prognostic Index (IPI) values (p < 0.001). The levels of β-2 microglobulin were higher in the deceased patients (3.4±1.8mg/l vs 5.2±1.8mg/l; p<0.01). The EBV DNA positivity rates were significantly higher in the deceased patients in the patient group with immunodeficiency-based lymphomas (p<0.05). Mortalities were observed in 5 (10.2%) patients with primary lymphomas and in 7 (46.7%) patients with immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas at the end of the follow-up period (p<0.01; OR=7.7). The mean progression-free survival rate was 30.8±1.8. The mean progression-free survival rate of the patients with immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas was 22.4±4.2 months (14.1-90.6 95%CI), whereas, in the primary lymphoma patients, it was 32.2±1.5 months (29.1-35.3 95%CI), leading to a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.004).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that immunodeficiency-associated lymphoma has a poorer prognosis, shorter survival rates, and higher mortality. In addition, IPI values, levels of β-2 microglobulin, and the outcomes of EBV serology tests are essential factors in determining this group of patients' prognoses and survival rates.
Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors in Turkish Medical Students
Authors: Korkmaz Şükrü Alperen
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) such as skin-picking, trichotillomania, nail-picking, nail-biting, lip-biting and skin-biting have adverse physical and psychological effects. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of BFRBs in a sample of Turkish medical students.
Methods: An online survey was used to investigate the prevalence of six BFRBs —skin-picking, trichotillomania, nail-biting, nail-picking, lip-biting and skin-biting-- and psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, stress levels, impulsivity and difficulties in emotional regulation (DER) in a sample of 200 medical students. Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R), Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Short Form and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale—Brief Form and specific questions for four BFRBs (nail-picking, nail-biting, lip biting and skin biting) were administered.
Results: The prevalence of at least one BFRB disorder was 28.0% (n=56). The most common diagnoses were skin-picking (17.0%) and trichotillomania (10.5%), followed by skin-picking (9.0%), lip biting (8.5%), nail-picking (7%) and nail-biting (5.0%). The gender difference was found only in skin-picking disorders (females=22.9%; males=8.5%). Students with BFRB disorder (n=56) were found to have higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, impulsivity and DER. Students in 2nd, 3rd and 5th grade are more likely to have BFRB disorders than interns. DER was a partial mediating variable between impulsivity and the presence of BFRB disorder.
Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that BFRBs are common among medical students and that these behaviors are associated with psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, stress levels, impulsivity and difficulties in emotion regulation. Screening programs and intervention strategies for BFRBs in medical students should be developed, and it is recommended that psychological factors should be considered in these interventions, emotion regulation and stress management skills should be significantly improved, and comorbid depression and anxiety should be treated.
Investigation of the Relationship Between DNA Mismatch Repair Genes and Microsatellite Instability in Solid Tumors
Authors: Bagci Ozkan
Published: October 2024

Aim: In this study, we aimed to detect the MSI status and somatic mutations in MMR genes (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2) of a total of 55 solid tumors diagnosed with colorectal, endometrium and ovarian cancer by NGS method and to reveal the relationship between them.
Material and Method: DNA isolation was performed by taking 10-micron sections from paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 55 patients diagnosed with kolorektal, endometrium ve ovarian solid tümörlerinin and Kapa NGS DNA extraction kit was used for sequence analysis. The purity and concentration of the DNA obtained was measured by Qubit fluoremeter, and NadPrep DNA Universal Library Preparation Kit was used for high quality library preparation. Bioinformatics analyses were performed on the Genomize Seq platform. The MSI value was analysed by Roche Navify Mutation Caller software and percentage MSI values were determined using the MSIsensor2 pipeline for secondary analysis of NGS.
Results: All ovarian tumors were in the MSI-Stable category. The average MSI value was 2.01. One sample had an MSI of zero. In addition, no mutations in the MSH2 and MLH1 genes were detected in any of the ovarian tumors. 3 of 4 endometrial tumors were in the MSI-Stable category, and 1 tumor was in the MSI-low (MSI value: 13.2) category. No variants were detected in the MSH2 and PMS2 genes in endometrial tumors. 2 of the 41 colorectal tumors (Case4, Case16) were in the MSI-High category. No variants were detected in the MMR genes in 19 tumors.
Conclusion: Although frame-shift and stop-gain mutations were detected in 23 tumors that would cause protein deficiency in MMR genes, MSI-H was not detected, as expected, except for two colorectal tumors. Therefore, the results of our study emphasise the need to define new predictive biomarkers clinically within the framework of algorithms to predict response to immunotherapy and determine prognosis.
Evaluation of the Uric Acid/Albumin Ratio in Acute Pericarditis Patients: Implications for Recurrence Rates and Hospitalization Duration
Authors: Eyiol Azmi , Eyiol Hatice , Ay Ahmet Faruk
Published: October 2024

Aim: Acute pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane surrounding the heart. It typically presents with sudden chest pain, fever and general malaise. The uric acid/albumin ratio can help assess patients' inflammatory status and monitor their response to treatment. Our aim is to evaluate the effect of uric acid/albumin ratio on the probability of recurrence and hospital stay in pericarditis patients.
Methods: This study is designed as a retrospective cohort study. Patients' demographic information, clinical findings and laboratory tests were evaluated. Treatment data were collected, including medications used (NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids), duration of treatment, and length of hospital stay. Recurrence cases, hospital stays and the need for additional treatment were evaluated.
Results: The median age was 42 years, with a range of 18 to 65 years. The uric acid/albumin ratio showed a significant positive correlation with CRP (ρ = 0.182, p = 0.005) and troponin levels (ρ = 0.483, p < 0.001), indicating its association with inflammatory and cardiac stress markers. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed with hemoglobin levels (ρ = -0.535, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The uric acid/albumin ratio offers a novel and insightful approach to evaluating acute pericarditis, providing a composite marker of inflammation, oxidative stress, and nutritional status. Its significant associations with clinical severity and recurrence risk highlight its potential role in guiding patient management and improving outcomes.
Knowledge, Experience and Awareness of Anesthesia Technicians in Our Country About Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) Devices: Survey Study
Authors: Sökmen Serdal , Çakmak Elif Begüm , Yardımcı Cevdet , Şenaylı Yeşim
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, experience and awareness of anesthesia technicians about Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) devices.
METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional-descriptive study. The population of our research consists of people who graduated as Anesthesia Technicians in Turkey. The online survey form contains a total of 28 questions, 8 of which are sociodemographic. The data was collected online between 05.01.2024-20.01.2024. The acquired analyzes were performed with IBM SPSS version 20.0 program.
RESULTS: The total number of anesthesia technicians/technicians and students graduating by 2023 in Turkey is about 63763 people. With this number of graduates, a sample group of 382 people was predicted with a 95% confidence interval and a margin of error of 0.05. A total of 392 people were reached. The average age was 28±7.72 years. 71.9% of the participants were female, 64% were single, 48.2% had been working between 1-5 years. 27.8% of the participants received First Aid Training, 20.4% received AED training, 26.5% used AED, 39.3% reported that AED device should be used by anesthesia technicians, 79.8% reported that AED device should be available in the hospital.
CONCLUSION: In the result of this study, it was determined that anesthesia technician(s) had limited knowledge about the AED device and its application, and those who got first aid training did not apply AEDs in training and on patients. It is also thought that it may be useful to have AED devices in hospitals. It is thought that trainings can be organized to increase the knowledge of anesthesia technicians/technicians about the AED device, and the AED device can be kept in the hospital, thus survival rates can be increased by early defibrillation of patients.
The Relationship Between Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Cardiac Involvement in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Kadıoğlu Yılmaz Banu , Doğan Melih Timuçin , Bulut Onur , Sert Ahmet , Yılmaz Hüseyin
Published: October 2024

Background / Aims: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of progressive multisystemic diseases, and it is unknown whether there is a relationship between these system involvements. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between cardiac involvement and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in MPS patients.
Methods: The study was conducted between May 12, 2023, and June 30, 2024, as a prospective study with a retrospective onset. Patients between the ages of 2 and 20 years who were diagnosed with MPS Types I, II, IV A, and VI enzymatically and genetically and who underwent electromyography for CTS screening and transthoracic echocardiography for cardiac involvement were included in the study.
Results: Twenty-six MPS patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 128±58 months. There was cardiac involvement in 21 (80.8%) of the patients. Heart valve involvement was present in 20 (76.9%) patients. Our study found that 14 (53.8%) of our MPS patients had CTS. CTS was present in all patients in the MPS type I, II, and VI groups but not in any MPS type IV A patients. As a result of the statistical analysis, the presence of MPS Type IV A was statistically significantly higher in the group without CTS than in the group with CTS (p<0.001). The presence of cardiac involvement, combined involvement of the aortic and mitral valves, and the severity of heart valve involvement were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group with CTS than in the patient group without CTS (p=0.007, p=0.005, p=0.009, respectively).
Conclusions: Our study found that CTS was more common in patients with cardiac involvement, especially heart valve involvement. We recommend that CTS screening be performed, especially in MPS patients with cardiac involvement.
Dydrogesterone vs. Progesterone: Which is More Effective in Threatened Miscarriage?
Authors: Günenc Oğuzhan , Geyik Bayman Melike , Esenkaya Ümmügülsüm , Akgün Hümeyra , Kulhan Nur Gözde , Kulhan Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: Threatened miscarriage, marked by vaginal bleeding during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, is a frequent complication with potential adverse outcomes. Dydrogesterone and micronized progesterone are commonly prescribed to manage this condition, yet their comparative efficacy remains under debate. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dydrogesterone versus micronized progesterone in treating threatened miscarriage.
Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at Our Hospital, including 123 pregnant women aged 6 to 20 weeks presenting with uterine bleeding. Participants were divided into two groups based on receiving either dydrogesterone (n=56) or micronized progesterone (n=67). Pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage rates, preterm labor, and mode of delivery, were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The miscarriage rate was slightly higher in the dydrogesterone group (9.6%) compared to the progesterone group (5.9%), though this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.729). Both groups exhibited high rates of successful delivery, with no significant difference between them (p>0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of pregnancy complications or mode of delivery between the two groups.
Conclusion: Both dydrogesterone and micronized progesterone are effective in managing threatened miscarriage, with no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes. The choice of treatment should be individualized based on patient tolerance and side effect profiles. Further large-scale, randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings and refine treatment guidelines.
Hardness and corrosion resistance of Zn coatings on mild steel obtained by electrodeposition and hot-dip galvanization
Authors: Lemmadi Fatima Zohra , Hamdi Ines
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this work is a comparative study of the characteristics of the layers of Zn on a substrate of mild steel from two different processes (electrodeposition and galvanizing), and to review the progress that has been made in understanding the intermetallics phases’ effect on the corrosion behavior. The obtained Zn-containing film was investigated using diverse instrumental methodologies such as microhardness, X-ray diffraction, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. This study allows the conclusion that the layers of Zn developed have: a homogeneous structure and good hardness. The corrosion test results showed an improvement in corrosion resistance for electrodeposition coatings compared with galvanizing coatings. XRD results identify that the electrodeposition and the galvanizing coatings have similar phases and the maximum hardness is obtained for the galvanizing process. Intermetallic phases were found to influence the corrosion behavior of mild steel. The results show that the size of Fe–Zn particles gradually decreases with the immersion time.
Esquecimento, promessas, memórias, castigo e cristianismo em Nietzsche
Authors: Amaral Luciano Campos de , Ferreira Élida , Rocha Augusto Cezar Rodrigues
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo trata da questão da moral e da breve reflexão que Nietzsche realiza sobre a proveniência dos juízos de valor bom e ruim. Desse modo, sua reflexão nos permite ir além do bem e do mal quando, na segunda dissertação, mergulhamos na origem da má consciência, que, segundo Nietzsche, foi promovida pelo esquecimento. Isso porque o esquecimento possui uma utilidade, qual seja: ele é uma espécie de guardião e zelador da nossa ordem psíquica. Com esse conceito, Nietzsche revela-nos que a culpa se origina na dívida. Assim, foi infundida nos homens a possibilidade de fazer promessas e de construir memórias. A memória para nos lembrar do que devemos. E, neste ponto, podemos dizer que existe mesmo uma inversão de valores no sentido de que os homens aprenderam a se envergonhar de seus próprios instintos, em que a imagem de Deus, mais do nunca, hoje, serve apenas para confirmar mais ainda a nossa dívida e a nossa má consciência de uma dívida que nunca será paga.
PRÁTICAS REFLEXIVAS NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Melo Júnior Hermócrates Gomes , Guarizzo Alexandro Biazi , Moura Cleberson Cordeiro de , Oliveira Fabiana Silva , Medeiros Lea Maria Bomfim Andrade , Moraes Lilia Fernandes de , Teixeira Maria Lúcia Lima Diógenes , Junqueira Rafael Cavalcante
Published: October 2024

Este estudo de pesquisa explora as práticas reflexivas na formação docente, destacando sua importância para o desenvolvimento profissional contínuo dos professores. Inicialmente, discute-se como a reflexão crítica sobre a prática diária pode transformar experiências em aprendizado significativo, promovendo uma maior consciência sobre os métodos de ensino. Em seguida, aborda-se a integração de tecnologias digitais como ferramentas facilitadoras nesse processo, permitindo que os educadores compartilhem experiências e estratégias em comunidades de prática online. Além disso, examina-se o papel das políticas educacionais na promoção de ambientes que incentivem a reflexão, enfatizando a necessidade de suporte institucional para que essas práticas se consolidem. A pesquisa também analisa estudos de caso que ilustram como a reflexão sistemática pode levar a melhorias concretas no desempenho dos alunos, fortalecendo a correlação entre a formação reflexiva e a eficácia pedagógica. Por fim, o artigo sugere direções futuras para pesquisas, apontando para a importância de uma abordagem interdisciplinar que considere aspectos culturais, sociais e tecnológicos. Ao proporcionar uma visão abrangente e crítica sobre o tema, este estudo contribui para o debate acadêmico, oferecendo insights valiosos para educadores, formuladores de políticas e pesquisadores interessados na melhoria da qualidade do ensino. Portanto, a formação reflexiva não deve ser vista apenas como uma prática isolada, mas como um componente essencial de um sistema educacional dinâmico e responsivo às demandas contemporâneas.
الاستحسان و مقاصد الشريعة
Authors: الزعاترة ايمن عيسى
Published: October 2024

إن الله تعالى لم يخلق شيئا عبثا بل خلق كل شيء لغاية ومقصد ، وهذا المقصد إذا تعلق بالخلق فهو حفظ مصالحهم الدنيوية والأخروية ، ولتحقيق هذا المقصد شرع لهم الأحكام التي تحفظ لهم مصالحهم ، وهذه الأحكام تستند إلى أدلة أذن الشارع أن يستدل بها ، كالكتاب والسنة والإجماع والقياس ، ولكن في اطراد هذا الدليل قد يقع بعض الحرج والضيق على المكلفين ، وبالتالي فلا بد من العدول عنه تحقيقا لمقصد الشرع في رفع الحرج عن الخلق ، وهذا العدول عن مقتضى الدليل الأول يسمى بالاستحسان ، وهو يختلف من حيث نوعه  تبعا لاختلاف الدليل المعدول إليه ، ولكن العلماء يختلفون في حجيته واعتباره دليلا شرعيا ، وفي الحقيقة إن منكري حجيته إنما هو لأجل المسمى الخاص بهذا العدول ، وبعد ببيان حقيقة الاستحسان تبين توافقه ومقاصد الشريعة  من حيث مفهومه ، كما أنه يتوافق مع مقاصد التشريع في مصالح العباد من حيث أنواعه ، وبما أنه كذلك فهو وسيلة شرعية معتبرة للوصول إلى الحكم الشرعي ، وبالتالي فهو دليل يجب أن يعتبر .
مقبرة النشا بواحة جالو
Authors: عبد ربه مفتاح عثمان , العقاب صالح رجب
Published: October 2024

تقع جالو في شمال شرق ليبيا على خط ( 33 – 21 ) شرقاً وخط ( 02 – 29 ) شمالاً وهي تقع إلى الجنوب من مدينة اجدابيا بمسافة 250 كم وشمال مدينة الكفرة بمسافة 600 كم وهي تقع ضمن مثلث يسمى مثلث الواحات يشمل كل من واحات جالو وأوجله واجخرة. يعتبر هذا المثلث من أقدم الأقاليم الجغرافية في ليبيا حيث وصف المؤرخ الإغريقي الشهير هيرودوتس أحد مواقعه كتل محلي أخر يطلق عليه اسم " أوغليه " ويبعد عن واحة سيوه بمسافة عشرة أيام وذلك في القرن الخامس قبل الميلاد. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى دراسة أحد أهم المكتشفات الأثرية الجديدة في واحة جالو حيث تقع منطقة الدراسة إلى الغرب من الطريق الرئيسي المؤدي إلى مدينة الكفرة، وهي عبارة عن أرض مفتوحة محاطة بالمزارع من كل جانب تعرف محلياً باسم " النشا " ، وربما تكون قد تعرضت لأعمال تنظيف وتمهيد من أجل استغلالها زراعياً، وهذا قد يكون سبباً في غياب أي إشارة لوجود لقي سطحية أثناء أعمال التجوال العشوائي الذي قمنا به أثناء زيارتنا للموقع.
حاجات ودوافع إستخدام الصحفيين السودانيين لتطبيقات الهواتف الذكية في العمل الصحفي والإشباعات المتحققة
Authors: معوض هويدا علي محمد , معوض هويدا علي محمد
Published: October 2024

شكلت الزيادة في استخدام الهواتف الذكية جمهورًا جديدًا لوسائل الإعلام، بالإضافة إلى تأثيرها على الصحفيين كوسيلة لها مميزاتها في العمل الصحفي، قد دخلت بدون استئذان إلى عالم الصحافة وأحدثت ثورة لم يسبق لها مثيل، وباتت مؤسسة كاملة لصناعة الصحافة.
       واستنادًا إلى ما سبق تهدف هذه الدراسة لمعرفة حاجات ودوافع الصحفيين السودانيين لاستخدام تطبيقات الهواتف الذكية في العمل الصحفي وتحديد الاشباعات المتحققة من استخدامها وعرض أبرز المشاكل التي واجهتهم أثناء الاستخدام.