bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENGINEERING BEHAVIOUR OF ROCKS AND SOILS (PROPERTIES)
Authors: G. Sivanatha Reddy Dr. , Jahnavi B. , Supriya B.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the physical qualities of rocks and soils and how they relate to geological characteristics, general characteristics, and modulus properties of rocks and soils is the goal of this course. Geology offers organized knowledge of building materials and their characteristics. The stability of civil engineering structures including buildings, pavement constructions, dams, bridges, tunnels, and subway systems, among others, is influenced by the geological and geotechnical qualities of soils. It goes without saying that a proper understanding and assessment of the engineering properties of rocks and soils are essential to the safety, stability, and economy of engineering constructions. Thus, we explore the engineering behaviour (properties) of rocks and soils in this chapter.
A HYBRID APPROACH TO GREEN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION USING MASS TIMBER
Authors: V R Ram Kumar , Sil Amitava
Published: June 2024

India harbours the world's largest population and the most extensive construction sector globally, where the utilization of engineered wood products in building construction remains minimal. The advantages of incorporating timber into tall and commercial constructions are indisputable, contributing to the reduction of the carbon footprint, shortened construction times, and improved seismic and building physics performances. However, in India, engineered wood products have not been widely acknowledged as structural materials for tall and non-residential constructions. The implementation of hybrid timber buildings could offer a more rational approach to wood utilization, thereby fostering the development of more efficiently sustainable structures. In the years to come, this approach could lead to a higher proportion of engineered wood in buildings, bringing benefits to living conditions, the climate, and society at large.
BIOCHAR PRODUCTION OF KITCHEN WASTE AND WATER HYACINTH BY LOW TEMPERATURE STEAM TORREFACTION
Authors: S Amit , Dharnaik Mr. , Ahmed Ammarah
Published: June 2024

The rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth in India have resulted in a drastic increase in waste generation, particularly food waste, leading to widespread pollution and environmental degradation. This pollution affects all water bodies, including groundwater, soil, air, and even crops such as vegetables and fruits. As a consequence, certain regions of the country are facing a severe proliferation of water hyacinth in their water bodies causing eutrophication. This study proposes the adoption of a new waste management method: biochar production with water hyacinth and food waste. Biochar, with its high carbon content, has garnered attention from researchers worldwide due to its ability to convert waste into valuable products in a remarkably short time. The study explores various methods of biochar production, with a particular focus on torrefaction, which has gained popularity among researchers for its ability to produce biochar at low temperatures (200-300℃) and in a short timeframe (10-120 minutes). The study conducts various tests on biochar samples, including grain size distribution analysis of raw feedstocks, proximate analysis, pH measurement, water retention capacity assessment, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. This research underscores the potential of biochar production as a viable and sustainable solution for managing waste. By understanding the properties and applications of biochar, researchers and policymakers can promote its adoption to address pollution, reduce landfill usage, and foster a healthier environment.
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION STUDIES OF EACHANARI INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, COIMBATORE
Authors: Yogeshwaran V. , Rithy Chellah M. , Banuprakash M. , Karthick P. A. Kavin
Published: June 2024

The South India's geology is unfavorable consisting of hard rocks like granite and basalt, which prevent precipitation from freely penetrating, has a negative impact on the declining groundwater levels besides monsoonal failures and anthropogenic activities. Six groundwater samples were taken for the current study from various places throughout Eachanari, Coimbatore to acquire water that is suitable for drinking and other uses other useful purposes by analyzing the following physiochemical parameters such as turbidity, EC, pH, Total Hardness, BOD, and ions (Ca2+, Cl- & Mg2+). Also, a mapping of groundwater quality was produced utilizing a geographic information system.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE ALCCOFINE BASED CONCRETE
Authors: Boobalan S. C. , Gayathri V.
Published: June 2024

This critical review provides insights into the application of Alccofine 1203 in the construction industry. Presently, numerous researchers are actively working towards making concrete more environmentally friendly and reducing carbon dioxide emissions during the manufacturing and construction processes. Alccofine 1203, as a micro-finer additive for mortars and concrete, offers unique and significant properties, including low calcium silicate, hydraulic and pozzolanic activity, and enhancement of cement past packing density. This review thoroughly examines decades of research on Alccofine 1203 and concluded that the optimal dosage of this additive should range from 8% to 12% by volume of the total binder content, depending on the concrete grades. However, adjustments to this proportion might be necessary to achieve specific properties in the concrete.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SINGLE VENT BOX CURVET FOR DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITION BY USING STAAD PRO SOFTWARE
Authors: S M Naveen Kumar , Vijay Manu , Amarnath Shetty Dr. , Sagar Mr. , P Shashank
Published: June 2024

Box culverts are the optimum monolithic construction to balance the flood water on both sides of a highway or railway embankment. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of box culverts using the manual approach. Live load surcharge, dead load, soil pressure on the side walls, longitudinal force/braking force, impact load utilizing computational techniques like the Staad pro analysis method, the Limit state approach of IRC class AA loading and box culvert design should take into account both internal and external water pressure. The structure under consideration in this research experiences stresses such as bending moments and shear forces. These stresses were calculated using computational methods and were compared
UNVEILING SOLAR: A THOROUGH EXAMINATION OF ITS ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS IN ADVANCING RENEWABLE SOLUTIONS AND MITIGATING POLLUTION
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Afreen Ms. , K. K. Gupta Dr. , Garg Nikhil
Published: June 2024

Solar energy has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative as the world grapples with climate change and fossil fuel depletion. Nevertheless, it is essential to recognize the disadvantages of solar energy to ensure that its development does not come at the expense of the environment and society. This paper investigates the impacts of solar energy, including its effects on land resources, wildlife habitats, water consumption, and environmental pollution. In addition to environmental impacts, solar energy's negative effects also include social and economic difficulties. Furthermore, there necessitates a concerted emphasis on the maturation of photovoltaic technologies with minimal aqueous dependencies, thereby diminishing competition with agricultural and other water-related imperatives. The paper also discusses potential solutions for mitigating these problems, such as implementing land-use policies that priorities conservation, encouraging rooftop solar panel installations, developing solar panel technologies that require less water, and promoting the use of environmentally friendly materials. In addition, the paper urges policymakers, industry leaders, and individuals to take action to resolve these issues and promote a more sustainable and equitable solar energy industry. While solar energy has the potential to revolutionize the way we generate and use energy, it is essential to resolve its negative aspects to ensure that everyone can enjoy its benefits.
ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF GHAZIABAD METROPOLITAN AREA SURFACE AND GROUND WATER QUALITY
Authors: Singh Padam , Kumar Devid , Gupta Rahul Kumar
Published: June 2024

Groundwater and surface water are among the principal resources used by all sectors for home, agricultural, and industrial purposes in the Uttar Pradesh district of Ghaziabad. The current study looked on Ghaziabad's groundwater and surface water quality. A total of five samples of surface water from the Hindon River and the Sahibabad Industrial Area were taken during the month of March 2020. Following analysis of samples using BIS 2012, it was found that the groundwater samples complied with IS 10500 and were suitable for use as drinking water. Contrarily, the water sample from the Hindon River is contaminated and unfit for drinking, bathing, swimming, fishing, etc. The government is urged to issue public notifications forbidding the use of this water in appropriate locations. Therefore, it is vital to periodically examine the water's properties from the perspective of different parameters like TDS, pH, Total Hardness, and others. Metallic heavy (i.e., Zinc, Lead, Iron, and Arsenicetc), A thorough assessment of amphibian-level organisms can reveal information about the quality of the water which is analysed using modern instruments of Noida Testing Laboratory under the ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
BIOMEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING: ANALYZING AND FUTURE ASPECTS
Authors: Kumar Devid , Singh Anshika , Singh Padam
Published: June 2024

Applied mathematics, computer sciences, engineering, statistics, physics, biology, and medicine are just a few of the fields that have contributed to the interdisciplinary nature of the research field known as biomedical image processing, which has grown significantly in recent years. The field has grown significantly in importance with the incorporation of computer-aided diagnostic processing into clinical practices. As technology develops and more imaging modalities are used, new difficulties in effectively processing and analyzing massive amounts of data to produce high-quality data for illness diagnosis and treatment arise. The objective of this review is to acquaint students with the basic ideas and methods of medical image processing while igniting their interest in additional learning and research in the area.
DEMODULATION OF INPUT CURRENT FOR THE ELECTRICAL FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF A THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors: Deekshit Kompella K. C. , Rayapudi Srinivasa Rao , Gayatri M. T. L.
Published: June 2024

Owing to their sturdy structure and high power to weight ratio, induction motors are utilized extensively. These machines will also meet the requirements of many industries like low cost, minimal maintenance, and variable speed control etc. These motors frequently develop several defects because of their heavy use. Hence, fault diagnosis in induction machines become most demanded thing in industries to prevent unplanned downtime. A fault detection process that is efficient, stable, and worthwhile is required for prompt detection of faults in induction motors. Several studies have demonstrated in induction motors that faults introduce modulation of the stator currents in terms of their amplitude or frequency. Hence, Synchronous Demodulator is a sought-after method utilized in this paper to diagnose broken rotor bar and stator inter turn faults. Motor input current is acquired using LabVIEW software and the algorithm is executed in MATLAB environment. The experimental evaluation of proposed defect detection technique is carried out on 3-phase, 50 Hz, 415V and 2 HP squirrel cage motor.
RECENT TRENDS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IOT BASED AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM – A REVIEW
Authors: S. G. Karad Dr. , D. S. Karanjkar Dr. , Hingmire S. G. , S. S. Swami Mrs.
Published: June 2024

Systems for air quality monitoring are essential for determining and monitoring the effects of air pollution on the environment and human health. The significance of air quality monitoring and the many technologies used for it are discussed in this study. It goes over the need of keeping an eye on air pollutants such particulate matter, gases, and volatile organic compounds as well as their consequences on ecosystems and human health. The study examines current developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) based air quality monitoring devices. The need of reliable and accurate air quality monitoring systems is emphasised in the paper's conclusion in order to ensure effective pollution management methods, sustainable development, and community well-being.
MULTIBAND FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNAS FOR 5G AND SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Authors: Pandey Birendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

The ever-increasing demand for wireless communication technologies has driven the need for antennas with versatile characteristics that can adapt to different operating frequencies, polarizations, and radiation patterns. Frequency reconfigurable antennas have emerged as a promising solution, providing the capability to switch between resonating frequencies and enabling efficient operation in various frequency bands. This chapter introduces a novel design for a dual-band frequency reconfigurable antenna, offering high bandwidth to cover both 5G and satellite communication applications. The antenna's Reconfigurability is achieved through the use of PIN diodes, which facilitate frequency switching among different frequency bands. The proposed design features key advantages such as multiband operation, high gain, cost-effectiveness, lightweight construction, and extended coverage range.
AQUASMART IOT: ADVANCED WATER QUALITY MONITORING WITH SENSOR AND IOT INTEGRATION
Authors: S Hema Priyadarshini Dr. , B Rakshit Preran , V A Ashrita Dikshit , S Poojitha , K V Vinay
Published: June 2024

Water is an essential element for life to sustain. Industrialization is causing the contamination of the potable water and has made it unfit for daily usage. Various cities across the globe have shortage of consumable water. Water from any source must pass certain standards as per instructed by WHO. We have constructed an inexpensive and an efficient IoT based water quality monitoring system using ESP32 board and Sensors to test the water quality of the collected water samples from various regions in Bangalore city. We have considered four main parameters, namely, Total Dissolved Solids, pH, temperature and turbidity and their respective sensors to measure the same for the collected water samples. The values of TDS, temperature, Turbidity and pH are measured using sensors which are displayed using the IoT platform. The obtained values are tabulated, compared with an available water quality monitor and the difference is shown using graphs.
SEED QUANTIFYING AND PACKAGING UNIT FOR SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES
Authors: R. Manjunatha Dr. , B. M Shashank , K Ruthuparna. , Jamadagni Suhruth. M. V. , M Vaishnavi.
Published: June 2024

Before the green revolution, farmers are lied on saving seeds from the previous crop cycle. Today, advanced seeds from companies are dominating farmers’ fields. This shift has spurred innovation in the agriculture sector, driven by the increasing demand for packaged seeds, necessitating automation for efficient production. Manually weighing or counting seeds and packaging them are no longer viable as bulk production is required. Also, Packaging seeds by weight leads to revenue loss as seed companies often supply excessive amounts to ensure the promised quantity. Additionally, farmers, uncertain about the seed quantity in each bag, tend to order extra. Therefore, seed companies recognize seed counting as a crucial cost-saving and demand-meeting tool, assuring both parties involved. The seed industry has made significant progress, and many seed-counting machines have been introduced in India. They are, however, very expensive and, at times, lack efficiency. The proposed work introduces an affordable and reliable seed counting and packaging machine. The machine incorporates a vibrating platform where the user pours the seeds to be quantified. The hardware is designed such that, one seed at a time is dropped. A proximity sensor is used to record the count and aload cell to measure the seeds by weight. This product aims to be a reliable and rapid seed counting and packaging machine at an affordable price, allowing small/medium scale industries to eliminate out dated methods and avoid costly investments in expensive machinery, thus stream lining seed production processes.
OPTIMIZING HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION PERFORMANCE THROUGH GPU AND FPGA ACCELERATION, DYNAMIC CODE GENERATION, AND PARALLELIZATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Srivastava Aviral , Sanghavi Priyansh
Published: June 2024

Homomorphic encryption facilitates secure computations on encrypted data without necessitating decryption, thereby ensuring robust protection of sensitive information. Nevertheless, these computations impose substantial performance overheads due to their inherent complexity. This research proposes an innovative approach that amalgamates GPU and FPGA acceleration, dynamic code generation, and parallelization to enhance the performance and scalability of homomorphic encryption algorithms.Our methodology employs GPU acceleration to harness the parallel processing capabilities of GPUs, FPGA acceleration to exploit custom, application-specific hardware configurations, dynamic code generation to produce optimized machine code, and automatic parallelization to distribute computations across multiple processing units. WE demonstrate the efficacy of our approach through extensive benchmarking against existing optimization strategies. Our findings reveal that this comprehensive optimization significantly reduces computational overhead and bolsters the performance of homomorphic encryption algorithms, particularly when processing large datasets. In summary, the proposed approach offers a practical solution for augmenting the performance of homomorphic encryption, rendering it suitable for real-world applications involving confidential data. Our contributions hold significant ramifications for the domains of cybersecurity and data privacy and provide fertile ground for future research endeavours.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RHEUMATOLOGY
Authors: Rekha G. Sai Sri Rekha , Afsana Sk. , Anjum M. Reshma , Padma K.R , Mohan M. Sankari
Published: June 2024

The recent advancements in information technology, has gained the interest towards the computer aided applications in medical field. Artificial intelligence is one of these technologies widely used in complex problem solving in scientific domain including medical research. AI facilitates the development of guidelines to create an evaluation model for autoimmune disorders based on the massive medical data. In the field of rheumatology, AI has a vital role in early diagnosis and clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis. RA is a chronic and remarkably heterogeneous disease characterized with the inflammation of synovial joints and it may lead to permanent bone damage. Hence, it is very important to detect the RA patients in early phase. This can be achieved by the various elements of AI including machine learning and deep learning. Therefore, AI tools facilitates the overall understanding of disease progression and aids in the early prediction of disease.
ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN LIVESTOCK
Authors: Ghosh Ajoy , Saha Baishakhi , Bhowmik Arindam
Published: June 2024

The production of animals has benefited significantly from the implementation of assisted reproductive technology. In breeding, marker systems are generally used for marker-aided selection (MAS). Marker-assisted selection is a procedure through which beneficial genes can be detected by the presence of marker genes. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is a type of indirect selection method in which a trait of interest is selected based on a marker related to the trait instead of the trait itself. To improve genetic evaluation and selection, all information gathered at markers and QTL will be blended with phenotypic data.The potential advantages of nuclear transfer cloning employing mammalian somatic cells are immense. However, in every species where actual clones have been developed, somatic cloning has been shown to be unsuccessful. High rates of foetal mortality and abortion can frequently be observed. The incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei during the cloning process has been linked to these developmental abnormalities. Although a number of techniques have been employed, major advancements in nuclear transfer efficiency have not yet been made. Molecular biology is advancing at a pace never seen before these days. The ability to create transgenic animals is one of them. The first successful transgenic animal was a mouse. A few years afterwards saw the arrival of pigs, sheep, cattle, and rabbits. The effects of aberrant reprograming during pregnancy, the neo-natal stage, and development in the cloned generation are all part of the continuum known as the cloning syndrome. However, it does not seem to be passed on to successive generations after sexual reproduction.The majority of in vivo studies regarding somatic cell cloning in cows has concentrated on developing while pregnant and the neonatal phase.Broadly speaking, the primary initial three phases of artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs) - 1) artificial insemination (AI) and gamete and embryo sexing, 2) multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), and 3) in vitro fertilisation, or IVF, procedures - have developed into effective commercial uses that enable genetically-based growth in production, shortened generation intervals, disease control, and cost savings. The procedures included in the 4th phase of ART are considerably more experimental and include transgenesis, stem cell biology, and nuclear transfer (NT) cloning of embryonic or somatic cells. These technologies are totally reliant on earlier technological generations and are entwined with each other and the molecular tools that are currently accessible. However, a number of reproductive issues continue to prevent livestock from reproducing to their full potential, which has an impact on profitability and productivity. It is obvious that the use of these technologies as profitable endeavours will remain dubious if they are not combined with other aspects of animal production, like proper animal husbandry techniques, animal nutrition, and animal health.
EMBRYO SEXING AND ITS FUTURE PERSPECTIVE IN LIVESTOCK FARMING
Authors: Bhowmik Arindam , Ghosh Ajoy
Published: June 2024

This chapter describes the different techniques of embryo sexing and it’s application in livestock farming. Embryo sexing is a technique for determining the sex of embryo in its early state before implantation. This embryo sexing method is more effective in dairy farming because female calves are always preferred in the dairy sector. In breeding programs, embryo sexing is particularly beneficial for enhancing management and productivity. Additionally, it might aid in the early detection of genetic abnormalities. Embryo sexing is especially helpful for improving management and production in breeding projects. The sex prediction of embryos before implantation helps to prevent freemartins in heterosexual twins. The preservation of endangered species depends on the pre-selection of female offspring through embryo sexing. Pre-determining sex in any animal breeding strategy through embryo transfer is essential since it enables processes to focus on improving the genetics of their male or female lines through better utilization of recipient females. There are different methods to determine the gender of the fetus, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), LAMP, and FISH are among the easiest, most effective, and most accurate methods available to determine the sex of the fetus. All these techniques need further research to improve their efficiency and accuracy. Commercial reasons require the livestock industry to use fetal sex determination methods, and demand for these techniques is expected to increase as more effective techniques become available.
FOREST THERAPY: EXPLORING THE MEDICINAL SECRETS OF NATURE'S GREEN PHARMACY
Authors: Madan Ayush , Bhatt Alok , Ghildiyal Pallavi , Dutta Rajiv
Published: June 2024

Forests have long been recognized as a source of healing and restoration for human well-being. The practice of forest therapy, also known as forest bathing or Shinrin-yoku, involves immersing oneself in the natural environment to reap the therapeutic benefits offered by forests. This chapter explores into the forest therapy and the medicinal secrets of nature's green pharmacy. It explores the healing properties of forests, the bioactive compounds found in trees, plants, and fungi and the various therapeutic activities associated with forest therapy. Drawing upon traditional knowledge and modern scientific research, the chapter highlights the potential of forest therapy in promoting physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It also emphasizes the importance of responsible engagement, ethical considerations, and sustainable practices to ensure the preservation of forest ecosystems for future generations. By unlocking the medicinal secrets of nature's green pharmacy through forest therapy, we can tap into the healing powers of the natural world and foster a deeper connection with the environment for enhanced well- being and sustainable health.
PUBLIC AWARENESS REGARDING PROHIBITED HOUSEHOLD DRUGS
Authors: Verma Garima , Pant Hem Chandra , Kumar Vinay , Dutta Rajiv
Published: June 2024

A drug is defined as "a chemical or synthetic substance used in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to improve physical or mental well-being." Drugs are rigorously examined before they are released onto the market, firstly on animal beings and then in humans. Drug's efficacy and safety characteristics are evaluated during clinical trials for IND (Investigational New Drugs) approval (1). Despite this, certain harmful pharmacological effects do not manifest until the drug is used in a wider populations. It has been seen that various fake pharmaceuticals that have been banned, withdrawn, or promoted with restrictions in India, are still available in various pharmacies and medical stores.
BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF MORIN –A REVIEW
Authors: Rebellow M Maria Caroline , Prasath G Sriram , Subramani A , Varalakshmi J
Published: June 2024

Morin is a phytochemical compound, polyphenol in nature isolated from the members of Moraceae family and found to be in appreciable amounts in various parts of these plants. Morin exerts beneficial as pharmacological effects against various ailments in humans. It exhibits antidiabetic, antitumoral, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective property. It is widely distributed in Morus alba (white mulberry) and fig (Ficus carica), in almond (Prunus dulcis) and other herbs and fruits. This study emphasizes on the importance of morin and its prospects in applications of medical field.
A STUDY ON THE BIOCHEMICAL & MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ON GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) SEEDS EXPOSED TO PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Saravanan D. , Velunachiyar KR.
Published: June 2024

Arachis hypogeae seeds were exposed to a pulsed magnetic field of sine wave form with varying frequencies as 100, 500, 1000 Hz and constant intensity of about 1500 nT. The seeds were exposed to frequency of 100 Hz is taken as Test-1, 500 Hz as Test – 2, 1000 Hz as Test10– 3. Seeds are subjected to the high pulsed magnetic field for a time interval of 5 hours per day for 15 days. After the exposure time over, on the 16 th day, the estimations are carried out for carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), enzymes (Amylase &Protease).It is seen from the experiment that the magnetic field has enhanced the morphological and biochemical parameters of the seeds.From our investigation, it was studied that, Test 3 has maximum stimulating effect on the enzyme activity, Test 1 has shown increase in the biochemical parameters and Test 2 shows an increase in some biochemical parameters, but it is not steady as above two.Thus, this frequency might provide a feasible non – chemical solution for seeds germination. Therefore, it is evident that the use of varying magnetic field frequency will definitely proves to be a pretreatment catalyst in agriculture promoting vigor growth and good yield of crops. This is a best alternative way in place of pesticides will definitely help in protecting environment.
APPLICATIONS OF FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: FROM FOOD TO PHARMACEUTICALS
Authors: M M Ponnamma
Published: June 2024

Fermentation technology is defined as a process that utilizes microorganisms to produce desired products. Over the years the applications associated with fermentation technology has evolved to such an extent that almost all products used by humans are products or byproducts of this process. This chapter provides an overview of the fermentation process and explores the wide-ranging applications of fermentation technology in various fields, including food and beverage production, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and industrial biotechnology. It also emphasizes the significance of fermentation as a multifaceted and sustainable process for the production for the production of wide range of products. In addition, this chapter underscores the crucial role of biotechnology in harnessing microbial fermentation for the benefit of society, paving the way of innovative and eco-friendly solutions to address global issues. Continued advancements in fermentation technology hold immense potential for addressing global challenges and shaping a more sustainable future.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN AGRICULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY: DEVELOPING RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: Singh Namrata , Soni Santendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

As the global population continues to grow, ensuring security and sustainability of food becomes increasingly challenging. One of them is scientific disciplines with the greatest growth is biotechnology, which has greatly advancement a number of disciplines including agriculture, medical, pharmaceutical industry, and environmental science. Agricultural biotechnology has emerged as a vital tool to address the challenges faced by the global agriculture sector. However, their acceptance and utilization also provide major challenges, particularly for small-scale production. This book chapter provides an extensive overview of emerging trends, recent advancements, and potential applications of agriculture biotechnology that are expected to shape the future of food production. It explores novel technologies, such as genetic modification, gene editing, synthetic biology, nanotechnology, industrial biotechnology, precision agriculture, and their potential contributions to improving crop productivity, resource efficiency, disease resistant, nutritional quality and environmental sustainability. This chapter also highlights the necessity of responsible and inclusive innovation, considering social, ethical, and regulatory aspects for efficient implementation.
COI GENE: A MOLECULAR MARKER OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Mboma Aaron , Singh Dr. Arvinder Pal
Published: June 2024

Identification of butterflies heavily relies on body colour, wing patterns and venation, and structure of male and female genitalia. However, it gets challenging in species which exhibit polymorphism, polyphenism, cryptic colourations, seasonal morphs, sexual dimorphism and other variations. This limits accurate representation of butterfly diversity. The advent of nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers has not only facilitated identification of species, but has also made it more precise and rapid by resolving confusing features of species. Besides the identification of species, these markers have opened new vistas in the identification of higher taxa, understanding speciation, and comparison of allopatric and sympatric populations. One of the markers, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, often referred to as COI, is a universal marker of significance across butterfly taxa. It is used alone or in unison with other mitochondrial and nuclear markers for taxonomic and population studies. The Barcode of Life database (BOLD Systems) represents an appreciable number of animal taxa, including butterflies, based on the COI marker. Though molecular markers also have their limitations, they have definitely strengthened taxonomy and conferred stability to nomenclature vis-à-vis classification.
VALORIZATION OF GRAPE WINERY WASTE FOR VALUE ADDITION IN THE WINE INDUSTRY
Authors: Bhatt Ms. Swati , Tarafdar Ms. Akanksha , K S Ms. Vinanthi Rajalakshmi , Nagaraju Dr. Erumalla Venkata , Paari Dr. Kuppusamy Alagesan PaariDr. Kuppusamy Alagesan
Published: June 2024

Wine is the most celebrated beverage due to its property of promoting health benefits, producing polyphenols and non-flavonoid compounds. The possible ways of valorization of grape agro-waste into productive bioactive compounds are dependent on the type of waste material obtained. All liquid waste extracted during the process of pressing contains high amounts of antioxidants. Techniques like solvent-based and pressurized liquid-based extractions are eco-friendly. The most important wastes produced while wine production includes pomace (64%), stalk (15%), lees (12%), and water waste (10%). Most of these wastes are used to produce by-products like methane, oil, and polyphenols whilst others undergo composting and result in the formation of biofertilizers. The process of wine-making or vinification has been discussed elaborately in this article, followed by the wastes obtained and the various methodologies implemented to improve the waste product for capitalization. The applications of the newly formed products across all fields have also been discussed. This current review aimed to provide an overview of the extensive research done from 2005 to 2022 on the conversion of vinification by-products into high-value-added products. These value-added products can be used for commercialization in agrochemical, industrial, and nutraceutical arenas and for the minimization of the pernicious effects. These products otherwise would have caused detrimental effects on the environment and the economy of the consistently developing human population.
AI-POWERED SOLUTIONS FOR MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENHANCING PUBLIC HEALTH: ADVANCEMENTS IN ADDRESSING SKIN DISEASE CONCERNS
Authors: Awasthi Shruti , Nalinan Archana , Khandelwal Lahar , Maheshwari Disha , Chalapathy Chethana V
Published: June 2024

AI-powered solutions are crucial in mitigating climate change and improving public health, particularly in addressing skin disease concerns. Climate change increases risks to human health, including heat-related conditions, allergies, and skin cancer. AI technologies optimize energy consumption, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and manage resources efficiently. AI-driven climate models help predict and adapt to changing environmental conditions, aiding disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies. These advancements contribute to reducing environmental stressors that exacerbate skin diseases.Concurrently, dermatology and skin health have undergone a revolution thanks to AI-driven solutions. Machine learning algorithms help with personalized healthcare recommendations, early skin disease detection, and treatment efficacy monitoring. AI-powered telemedicine apps provide dermatological consultations remotely, expanding access to healthcare in underserved areas and ultimately improving public health.Moreover, AI makes it possible to analyse enormous datasets pertaining to skin health and climate, giving researchers the ability to look for patterns and create plans for treating skin conditions made worse by climate change. We can effectively address the dual issues of climate change and skin diseases by incorporating AI into dermatological practices and public health policies. This will ultimately improve people's quality of life and help create a more resilient and sustainable future.Furthermore, the development of eco-friendly skincare and cosmetics products that both improve skin health and lessen their environmental impact has been facilitated by AI. AI-driven formulas make it possible to produce goods with lower waste, less hazardous chemical usage, and increased sustainability in the cosmetics sector. This intersection of skin health concerns, climate consciousness, and AI technology shows how innovation can tackle intricate, interrelated problems, leading to a more resilient and sustainable future for the earth and its people.
ADVANCEMENTS IN NEUROPROTECTION FOR GLAUCOMA: INSIGHTS INTO GENES, MECHANISMS, DIAGNOSIS, CHEMICAL AND PLANT-BASED COMPOUNDS FOR THERAPIES
Authors: Velusamy Sharmila , Rathinavel Lavanyasri
Published: June 2024

One of the main global causes of irreversible blindness is glaucoma. Estimates place the global prevalence of this condition at 450 million, 47 million of whom are bilaterally blind. Retinal ganglion cells (rgcs), the output neurons that transmit visual data from the retina to the brain via their axons in the optic nerve, are specifically targeted by glaucoma, which results in vision loss. This chapter will go in-depth on the diverse types of glaucoma, its symptoms, and diagnosis, the glaucoma gene, the glaucoma mechanism, the different medications used to treat glaucoma, the mechanisms of action of antiglaucoma medications, neuroprotective chemicals-based drugs, and plant-based neuroprotective compounds for medications in glaucoma.
CANCER MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS OF MELANOMA
Authors: Asha Vallem , Chavali Jayanthi , Krishna Vamsi
Published: June 2024

Melanocytes, responsible for producing the melanin pigment that imparts color to the skin, serve as the origin of melanoma, a specific form of skin cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can enhance the prognosis for melanoma patients. Biopsy and clinical examination are the primary methods for diagnosing melanoma. However, histopathological differentiation between early invasive melanoma and pre-malignant melanocytic tumors remains challenging. Consequently, additional diagnostic techniques, such as imaging, genetic testing, biomarkers, and a comprehensive clinical history, have been developed. This investigation explores recent advancements in biomarkers aimed at assisting in the diagnosis and early detection of melanoma. Melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs), S100B, miRNAs, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and other biomarkers show promise in detecting, diagnosing, and prognosing the disease. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to ascertain the potential utility of biomarkers in melanoma
A SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING, COLLECTION, AND PROPER DISPOSAL
Authors: Naithani Dr. Suman , Akhtar Shazia
Published: June 2024

The ability of smart cities to deal with environmental issues in general, and trash management in particular, is an important topic that requires scientific investigation. Any unpleasant, harmful, or wasteful substance produced by daily human activities and municipal events is considered solid waste. Solid waste management is the approach for managing solid waste creation, storage, collection, transport, treatment, and disposal. Solid waste management is characterized based on the availability of economic capital and the degree of industrialization progress. This article suggests and explains a smart solid waste monitoring and collection system. The system is composed of intelligent storage units, also known as smart bins, each of which has an Arduino Uno, an ultrasonic sensor, and an RF transmitter attached on top. A message (SMS) is delivered to the truck driver's mobile phone informing him or her which garbage bin has to be emptied when a container is full with waste. The control center receives this signal and has information on how much rubbish is in each container. Lastly, a productive system and waste disposal strategy are offered that might be used in the future to boost efficiency and cost-effectiveness
BIOFUELS FOR A GREENER FUTURE: THE SCIENCE AND PROGRESS
Authors: Tasneem Safiya , G Sneha Evangelina. , G Spandana
Published: June 2024

Biofuels are composed of energy dense compounds made from biomass based on plants or microbial origin. For their utilization in transport, residential, commercial and industrial, they’re capable of being a viable substitute to renewable fossil fuels. Biofuels can be classified into various generations depending on the feedstock. To foster and increase the sustainable production of biofuels, a few factors need to be considered, as well as, feedstocks, effective distillation technologies, technology readiness and policies supporting market demand. In order to enable biofuels to be economically viable and equivalent to crude oil, subsidies, financial aid, grants or market interventions are needed. The current chapter focuses on biofuels and their related production, innovations and latest developments in the branch relating to its applications, opportunities and challenges.
TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS IN HEALTH IMPROVEMENT AMONG INDIANS
Authors: Narwadiya Sachin C
Published: June 2024

The advancement in healthcare is resulting in an increase in life expectancy. Healthy citizens can contribute more towards the growth of the nation. Hence the advancements in technology give us time efficient, cost-efficient treatment. In the present era now it’s time to start use of telemedicine and blockchain technology in healthcare to provide fast healthcare delivery services to those who need it. The growth in information technology, data speed and reach of internet to mass scale now enable us to provide the best healthcare to deliver to patients. The chapter discusses the in-depth possibilities of Telemedicine and Blockchain in healthcare. It addresses the future sense of the healthcare sector for patients, doctors, and other healthcare professionals. In the conditions of disasters, war and other emergencies the application of Telemedicine and Blockchain in healthcare will be a boon for saving lives of Indians
BIOFUELS: A SUSTAINABLE PATH TO RENEWABLE ENERGY
Authors: Sahu Abhijit , Mishra Sthitapragyan , Shatrusal Anshu Kamal
Published: June 2024

The global pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources has sparked significant interest in the development and utilization of biofuels. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the biofuel landscape, covering various types of biofuels, their production processes, environmental implications, and future prospects. The article begins by clarifying the differences between first-generation and second-generation biofuels, highlighting their respective benefits and challenges. A detailed exploration of biofuel production processes, including fermentation, transesterification, and advanced techniques like pyrolysis and gasification, reveals the diverse methods used to convert biomass into usable energy. The article places emphasis on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of biofuel production. It examines the life cycle assessment of biofuels, including their potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and the complexities of land and water use. The intricate relationship between biofuel production, food security, and global markets is addressed, providing insights into strategies for maintaining balance. The advancement of biofuel technologies is a central point, highlighting the potential of third-generation biofuels derived from microorganisms and algae. The integration of synthetic biology and genetic engineering in enhancing biofuel production efficiency is explored, offering a glimpse into a future driven by innovation. Policy and regulatory frameworks are discussed as catalysts for biofuel adoption, including renewable fuel standards and accompanying incentives. The article acknowledges challenges such as market competition and infrastructure development while envisioning a future where biofuels find applications in aviation, shipping, and emerging technologies
BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Authors: Pal Malika
Published: June 2024

Conservation of biodiversity is very essential for survival of mankind. Although earth being a living planet, extinction of species had been a natural process, but due to extensive invasion by human beings in all the known habitats the pace of extinction of species has increased many fold. Species diversity, interspecies diversity, and ecosystem diversity are all components of biodiversity, which encompasses the range of variation present in all forms of life on Earth. It is believed that there are currently around 8.7 million known species in the globe. The biotechnological interventions employed in the cause have been summarized in the chapter. It can be used in identification of Genetic diversity by using Micro Satellite Markers, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, RELP, AFLP, RAPD, DNA bar-coding etc., In Ex situ conservation of Genetic diversity, Micro- propagation PTC, Protoplast culture are being used in large scale. For preservation of germplasm various techniques like Cryopreservation, Seed Banking and Gene banks are being used. Some individual organizations are also working towards De-extinction with limited success. The techniques hold promising future for conservation of species.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors: Dubey Debasmita , Rath Shakti , Samanta Debidatta Singh , Palai Sourav , Roul Ayesha , Lenka Smarita
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining popularity in modern business and everyday life and is increasingly applied in healthcare settings. AI can help healthcare providers with various clinical tasks, including patient care, administration and many different ways. However, the ways that they support might be pretty diverse. While some articles on AI in healthcare suggest that AI can perform as well as or better than humans at specific tasks, such as diagnosing illness, it will be long before AI replaces people in a wide range of medical vocations. This article reviews the use of AI in different medical settings.
NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: K L Sowmya , B Ramalingappa
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology is a newly discovered branch of science that can produce engineering-functional nanoscale devices, systems, or materials. The discipline of medicine known as nanomedicine, which uses nanotechnology applications extensively, is opening up a wide range of fascinating possibilities for improving healthcare. The nanoparticle is extremely important and can conjugate with different medications in a number of ways. In this study, we cover the use of nanotechnology in medication delivery, as well as its mechanisms, nanoparticles, and applications.