bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the cumulative live birth rate following in vitro fertilization (IVF) lower with government coverage than prior to coverage?
Authors: Khudhari Adhwaa , Sylvestre Chamile , Phillips Simon
Published: November 2018

Background: Most studies conclude that the cumulative pregnancy rate depends on embryo quality and quantity, which is directly related to patient’s age. In the best-case scenario, the cumulative pregnancy rate reaches 79% when the number of embryos reaches 15. Other studies reported 75% probability of live birth after 6 cycles of controlled ovarian stimulation and IVF.Methods: Retrospective cohort study comparing IVF cycles between January 2008 to December 2009 (before governmental coverage), and between January 2012 to December 2013. University-affiliated private IVF clinic. 298 good prognosis IVF patients from 2008-2009 and 610 patients from 2012-2013 were included. The cumulative LBR per IVF cycle was the main outcome measure; the secondary outcome measures were the type of protocol used, percentage of ICSI cycles, fertilization rate, proportion of day 3 versus (vs) day 5 embryo transfers, average number of embryos transferred, average number of frozen embryos, the clinical pregnancy rate and the multiple pregnancy.Results: no statistically significant difference in the cumulative LBR; it was 44.8% in 2008-2009 but 40.3% in 2012-2013. p: 0.134. The long agonist protocol was used the most 2008-2009 (75.5% of the cycles) compared to antagonist protocol in 2012-2013 (77.2%) p <0.01. There was no difference in the use of ICSI, but the fertilization rate in 2012-2013 (60.9% vs 65.9%, p=0.001). The proportion of day 3 embryos transferred in 2008-2009 (82.2%) and 2012-2013 (43.9%), p=0.005, and the proportion of day 5 embryos transferred is 3.7% in 2008-2009 but 54.9% in 2012-2013, p<0.001. The average number of embryos transferred in 2008-2009 was 1.96 vs 1.08 in 2012-2013. The average number of frozen embryos per cycle was not significantly different. The clinical pregnancy rate was not significantly different (56.8% vs 54.3%). The multiple pregnancy rate is 19.4% in 2008-2009 and 0.5% in 2012-2013.Conclusions: In good prognosis IVF patients, the cumulative LBR per cycle started was not significantly different after IVF provincial coverage and the move towards eSET on day 3 or day 5. No advantage of transferring multiple embryos in this group of patients, and that transferring one at a time reduces significantly the multiple pregnancy rate and its complications.
Prevention of cervical cancer: early detection of precancerous lesions of cervix in women from a marginalized environment
Authors: Christe D. M. , Chandrasekar Anjalakshi , Jayashree K. , Meenalochani P. , Gunasingh Shaanthy T. K.
Published: November 2018

Background: The objective of the present study was to find out the efficacy of low-cost methods, available for screening for cervical cancer and early detection of precancerous lesions, of cervix.Methods: The study with power above 80%, was conducted over a period of almost three years. Women aged below fifty years were included in the study. A total of 100 women were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 244 women with chronic cervicitis by histopathological examination reports. Ten women were HIV positive.   Results: Low cost screening tests of visual inspection of cervix after application of 5% acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection of cervix after application of Lugol’s iodine (VILI) were positive in 75% of women with CIN and in combination with colposcopy, positive in 93%. The diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy was highest at 86%. (Odds ratio-.48.79).Conclusions: Initial screening for younger women with fewer years of exposure, the low cost tests, VIA / VILI  could be used under low magnification. Colposcopy should be done for all women with positive tests. The costlier human papilloma virus (HPV) tests should be done at cost effective purpose for high risk groups and when indicated, for early detection of precancerous lesions of cervix and prevention of cervical cancer.
Epidemiology and clinical profile of vitiligo in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Anaba Ehiaghe L. , George Adekunle O. , Ogunbiyi Adebola O.
Published: November 2018

Background: Vitiligo patients are seen routinely in the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. However, the epidemiologic and clinical profile of these patients is not documented. The aim of this study was to document the clinical (age of onset, location, severity, class of vitiligo) and sociodemographic characteristics of these patients.Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients treated for vitiligo from January 2005 to December 2009 at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan dermatology outpatient clinic. Patient records were retrieved and a study proforma was used to assess patient’s information. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: Over the study period, 130 vitiligo patients seen but only 111 case notes were retrieved. The mean age at onset in children was 7.8±4.0 and 34.6±17.1 in adults, M:F was 1:1. The commonest type of vitiligo was acrofacial, area of onset was the face/scalp in 59.2%, re-pigmentation was reported in 66%, active lesions in 59.7%, severity of vitiligo was <9% in 90%, Vitiligo was in visible (exposed) parts of the body 84.7% and asymptomatic in 92.7%.Conclusions: The clinical profile of vitiligo in Ibadan, Nigeria is similar to that observed in other places with only females having a genital onset and acrofacial vitiligo being the dominant type seen. Also, treatment modality varies between children and adults.
Angiographic patency of streptokinase in STEMI patients: smokers vs. non-smokers
Authors: Hirapur Iranna , Setty Srinivas , Rajendran Ravindran , Nanjappa Manjunath
Published: November 2018

Background: Acute coronary syndrome is one of the leading causes of death. Smoking is known to be associated  with many influencing factors for accelerating Myocardial Infarction (MI). In a country like India, Streptokinase (SK) is used as a leading therapeutic option for the treatment of ST elevation myocardial Infarction (STEMI). SK combines with plasminogen; this SK-plasminogen complex is responsible for fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to determine angiographic patency after SK infusion in STEMI patients and comparison between smokers and non-smokers.Methods: In this observational, prospective and single-centre study conducted between September 2011 and April 2012, a total of 398 patients who were diagnosed with STEMI were included. Patients were divided in two groups i.e. smokers and non-smokers. The patients were treated with thrombolytic (streptokinase) therapy and evaluated for TIMI 3 flow by performing angiography within 72hours of thrombolysis with SK.Results: Of total 398 patients, 348 (87.4%) were male. The ratio of non-smokers and smokers was 1:2. Smokers were younger than the non-smokers (48.8±10.2 vs. 54.57±9.51). Post thrombolytic therapy, patients were evaluated for TIMI flow grades. Total of 202 patients achieved TIMI 3 flow, of which 157 were smokers and 45 were non-smokers.Conclusions: Smokers have relatively hypercoagulable state than non-smokers. Better outcome in smokers group may be because of younger age and lesser comorbidities. Smokers should be motivated and guided properly to quit smoking.
Serum nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in a hypertensive population in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: M. Yale B. , H. Yeldu M.
Published: November 2018

Background: Hypertension is recognized as most common cardiovascular disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with impaired nitric oxide is an important risk factor for both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. There is abnormal lipid peroxidation which suggested that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension.  This study assessed serum levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in hypertensive population in Sokoto-Nigeria.Methods: A total of 474 subjects who are within the age range of 25 to 76 years, including 316 hypertensive patients and 158 age- and sex- matched normotensive subjects were included in this study. Clinical and anthropometric parameters, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were measured using standard techniques.Results: The result indicated that, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly (p˂0.001) higher in hypertensive patients (166.00±1.39mmHg) than controls (124.97±0.95 mmHg) similarly the mean BMI was significantly (p˂0.001) higher in hypertensive patients (27.13±0.31 Kg/m2) than controls (23.54±0.12Kg/m2). Mean serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly (p˂0.001) higher in hypertensive patients (3.62±0.07µmol/L) as compared to controls (1.97±0.03µmol/L), while serum nitric oxide (NO) was significantly (p=0.009) lower among hypertensive patients (7.12±0.14µmol/L) than controls (15.26±0.15µmol/L).Conclusions: Hypertension is a complex disorder that is strongly associated with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aetiology of the association between impaired NO bioactivity, increase MDA and hypertension has not been fully elucidated. Further clarification of the role of impaired NO bioactivity and increased MDA level in hypertension could have important implications for the management of hypertension.
Effect of reduced glutathione on follicle stimulating hormone levels and spermatozoon quality of adult rat exposed to monosodium glutamate administration
Authors: Kartika Ayla , Oenzil Fadil , Anas Eliza
Published: November 2018

Background: Excessive consumption of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) causes oxidative stress of hypothalamic cells and testicular cells thus affecting the process of spermatogenesis. Reduced Glutathione (GSH), as an antioxidant can reduce oxidative stress. This study aimed to see the effect of GSH on Follicle Stimulathing Hormone (FSH) levels and the quality of spermatozoon in male rats given MSG.Methods: This research used experiment with post test only control group design. The samples used were 27 male rats divided into 3 groups. The negative control group (KN) was given a standard diet, the positive control group (KP) was given MSG 144mg/200grbw, the treatment group (P) was given a standard diet and MSG dose was 144mg/200grbw and continued with GSH dose 25.2mg/200grbw. On the 52nd day, FSH levels were analyzed using ELISA, and the number, morphology and motility of spermatozoon were examined using a digital microscope.Results: The results showed an average FSH level in the KN group (105.42ng/ml SD±64.44), KP (58.88 ng/ml SD± 22.1), P (64.57ng/ml SD±35.8) with a value of p = 0.072. The average number of spermatozoon in the KN group (43.59 million/ml SD ±14.06), KP (26.37 million/ml SD±12.7), P (43.26 million/ml SD±76.15) with a value of p = 0.007. The average normal morphology of spermatozoon in KN group (21.63% SD±10.9), KP (4.65% SD±4.38), P (23.18% SD±12.59) with p = 0.001. The average motility of spermatozoon in the KN group (57.58 million/ml SD± 11.24), KP (34.29 million/ml SD±21.60), P (72.33 million/ml SD±4.072) with a value p = 0.000.Conclusions: Results of this study concluded that the administration of GSH did not significantly increase FSH levels. There is an effect of GSH on improving spermatozoon quality of rat given MSG.
Study of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood culture isolates from a tertiary care hospital of North India
Authors: Nazir Asifa , Sana Ifshana , Peerzada Bushra Yousuf , Farooq Tabindah
Published: November 2018

Background: Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The choice of antimicrobial therapy for bloodstream infections is often empirical and based on the knowledge of local antimicrobial activity profiles of the most common bacteria causing such infections. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of bacterial isolates from the blood cultures in a teaching hospital and determine their antibiotic resistance and provide guidelines for choosing an effective antibiotic therapy in cases of septicaemia.Methods: The etiological and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of blood cultures over a period of one year at a tertiary care hospital was studied. Blood culture positive isolates were identified by BacT/Alert3D, an automated blood culture system, while as identification of the isolates from these samples and their antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek2 Compact.Results: There were 2231 blood culture samples, of which 565 (25.3%) were identified to be culture positive. Out of 565 positive cultures, 447 (79.1%) showed bacterial growth; Gram positive were 306 (54.2%) and Gram negative were 141 (24.9%). Candida species were isolated from 118 (20.9%) of positive samples. The most frequently identified Gram-positive bacteria were Coagulase-negative staphylococci 208 (67.9%) and the most common Gram-negative isolates were Acinetobacter species 89 (63.1%). The most sensitive drugs for gram-positive isolates were vancomycin, and linezolid while as gram-negative isolates showed 100% sensitivity to colistin and tigecycline.Conclusions: This study reveals a significant prevalence of bacterial isolates in blood and it highlights the need for periodic surveillance of etiologic agent and antibiotic susceptibility to prevent further emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens.
Hunger for an Education: A Research Essay on the Case of South Sudan and the Voices of Its People
Authors: Kuek John Chuol , Velasquez Roberto J. , Castellanos Jeanett , Velasquez Diego R. , Nogales Elva
Published: November 2018

The Republic of South Sudan is one of the newest of all African countries having become an independent state on July 9, 2011. After years of prolonged war, beginning in the mid-1950s, among different political, tribal, and military factions, and with the Sudan, the South Sudan is now a full-fledged country. The country continues to deal with the legacy of colonialism, genocide, and oppression, and is involved in a civil war. As a result of this legacy, the country faces many challenges especially in the development of a social, political, and economic infrastructure which can develop into a democratic state and implement a viable public school system that can feed universities and technical schools. At this time, approximately 42% of the country
Chinese Doctoral Student Socialization in the United States: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Li Wendan , Collins Christopher S.
Published: November 2018

Although international students annually contribute billions of dollars to the US economy, meaningful intercultural interaction between international students, peers, and faculty is often missing at US host campuses. Feelings of isolation, loneliness, and alienation are pervasive among international students at US campuses; these feelings can negatively impact students
COLLABORATIVE BOOK REVIEW: Baker, D. P. (2014). The Schooled Society: The Educational Transformation of Global Culture
Authors: Taylor Calley Stevens , Pritt Amanda Blain , Ebert Maria Spinosa , Cheng Angel Oi Yee , Zhao Xia
Published: November 2018

For many years the discussion of education as a global and social institution has been prevalent in Comparative and International Education. In his book, The Schooled Society, David P. Baker offers up a unique perspective on a much-discussed theoretical framework in which to view education as an institution. Through this work, Baker uses a multidisciplinary approach to explain the influence that mass education has on societies and informs the readers of new educational paradoxes that are being discussed in the field. Not only is The Schooled Society an explanation of educational influence on society, but it also provides reason for further research to be done to explain the existing paradoxes found in modern society and education. The following book review, informed by the wide span of each contributing reviewer
Накопление и реализация человеческого капитала в новых условиях: возможности и ограничения
Authors: Федорова Ольга Ивановна , Зуева Елена Геннадьевна
Published: November 2018

В статье поставлена цель охарактеризовать возможности и ограничения накопления и реализации человеческого капитала в условиях глубокого проникновения новых технологий в экономическую деятельность.
Несмотря на то, что информация и виды экономической деятельности, связанные с ее производством и обработкой, стали важными факторами социально-экономического развития, рабочая сила продолжает оставаться ведущим элементом данного процесса. В России движение в сторону цифровизации экономических процессов совпало с продолжающейся трансформацией экономики в соответствии с принципами рыночной системы хозяйствования, что значительно усложняет задачу следования тренду развития мирового хозяйства. Но несмотря на объективные сложности, закономерным результатом обновления всех сторон жизни общества результатом развития цифровой экономики (или нового технологического уклада) становится отличное от индустриальной экономики сегментирование рынка труда и формирование постиндустриального типа работника.
Стратегии развития Тувы в модели устойчивого развития: проблемы, задачи, перспективы
Authors: Салчак Валерий Балай-оолович , Атаманова Галина Ивановна
Published: November 2018

Целью данной статьи является анализ стратегии социально-экономического развития Республики Тыва до 2030 года в модели устойчивого развития предложенного Правительством Республики. В статье описаны проблемы Республики, которые существуют в настоящее время, задачи, которые ставит Правительство Республики Тыва и перспективы социально-экономического развития Тувы в рамках этой модели. Описание дается на основе документов, принятых в Российской Федерации и в Правительстве Республики Тыва по социально-экономическому развитию России на период до 2030 года, документов с учетом интересов будущих поколений. В качестве другой, стратегии предлагается – Альтернативная стратегия автора Салчака В.Б. Для более детального понимания предложенных стратегий, дается сравнительный анализ социально-экономического развития Республики Тыва до 2030 года, представленного Правительством и Альтернативной Стратегией через описание одинаковых показателей в каждой из стратегий. В качестве перспективы предлагается вектор развития, который основывается на исторических и этнических особенностях народа Тувы и заключается в выборе традиционных форм хозяйственной деятельности тувинцев и указывает направление для смены приоритетов развития Республики в пользу развития села. Так как носителями власти является многонациональный народ Республики, говорится в статье, то ему, и решать будущее своей Родины, Республики, Места, где живет этот народ, как сохранять природное и культурное наследие для потомков. А властям необходимо обеспечить гласное, всеобщее обсуждение всех возможных путей развития.
Социально-психологическая характеристика подростков-мигрантов с различными групповыми статусами
Authors: Двоскина Надежда Владимировна
Published: November 2018

Вопросы интеграции детей-мигрантов приобрели особую актуальность в отечественной и зарубежной науке в последние десятилетия за счет их непосредственной связи с необходимостью формирования безопасной образовательной среды. Важным аспектом в изучении процесса интеграции детей-мигрантов в настоящее время является их взаимоотношения со сверстниками и участие в школьной жизни. В статье рассматриваются возможные связи группового статуса подростков-мигрантов с личностными характеристиками подростков-мигрантов, в том числе коммуникативной компетентностью и эмоциональным интеллектом, социально-психологическими характеристиками, в том числе согласием с нормами, принятыми в поликультурных группах, и стратегией аккультурации семей. Приведены данные российских и зарубежных исследований, посвященных вопросам интеграции детей-мигрантов в образовательной среде, а также результаты пилотажного исследования подростков-мигрантов, проведенного в общеобразовательных школах г. Москвы в мае-ноябре 2016 г.
Взаимодействие собственных детей и приемного ребенка с ОВЗ в замещающей семье: к проблеме подготовки специалистов-коммуникаторов
Authors: Декина Елена Викторовна , Самсонова Галина Олеговна
Published: November 2018

В статье рассматриваются особенности профессиональной подготовки педагогов-психологов к взаимодействию с замещающей семьей. Анализируются основные проблемы функционирования замещающих семей, воспитывающих детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. На основе результатов собственных исследований выявлены основные мишени психологической помощи замещающим семьям. Представлены направления профессиональной подготовки будущего педагога-психолога к работе с замещающей семьей, воспитывающей ребенка с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. При этом акцент сделан не только на работу с приемным ребенком, но и на решение проблем психологической адаптации здоровых детей в замещающей семье, принявшей на воспитание ребенка с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Результаты проведенного исследования являются основой для определения дальнейших направлений психолого-педагогической работы с замещающими семьями, воспитывающими детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Материалы статьи могут быть использованы студентами-бакалаврами психолого-педагогических направлений подготовки, исследователями и практиками, занимающимися вопросами профессиональной подготовки педагогов-психологов, организации психологической помощи замещающим семьям с детьми с ограниченными возможностями здоровья.
Picture Stories: the Rise of the Photoessay in the Weimar Republic
Authors: Holzer Anton , Lauffer Elisabeth
Published: November 2018

Between the mid-1920s and the early 1930s German photojournalism experienced a profound, far-reaching upheaval. Up until this time, the illustrated mass media had favoured the reproduction of single photos, but during this brief period the photo-essay rose to prominence. Photographs and texts were integrated into a new, complex narrative unity: photoreportage. This article aims to reconstruct the historical conditions under which modern photo-reportage arose during the Weimar Republic. It will also revise certain accepted judgements about the history of photojournalism between the world wars. The development of modern photojournalism has until now been identified almost exclusively with the achievements of individual protagonists, mainly prominent photographers. Although these individuals played an important role in the production process of photoreportage, they were rarely consulted regarding editorial questions and layout. In order to better understand the economic development of photoreportage and its growth as a medium, it is necessary to examine the editorial work being done behind the scenes at the magazines and newspapers of the time. This article will therefore focus more on the development of the media and economic macrostructures at play in the emergence and growth of photo-reportage, and less on individual photographers’ contributions and photojournalistic output. It ultimately shows that the consolidation of modern photo-reportage was the result of closely connected media-related and social developments, commercial strategies and aesthetic decisions that went far beyond the agency of individuals.
Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Drug Discovery – Building a Consensus on ADME Screening Tools and Clinical Pharmacology Strategies to Aid Candidate Development
Authors: Dash Ranjeet Prasad , Babu R. Jayachandra , Srinivas Nuggehally R
Published: November 2018

Number of drugs with different mechanisms of actions is undergoing clinical trials for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Given the complexity of the disease with respect to pathophysiology in the liver and associated changes in the renal function, it becomes apparent that a clear ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) strategy needs to be put in place for a successful nomination of a drug candidate for NASH. This review discusses using in vitro and in vivo ADME screens to understand the properties of drugs and to establish whether or not the chosen drug(s) can overcome the challenges related hepatic and renal transporters covering both uptake and efflux mechanisms imposed by NASH. A complete panel of in vivo preclinical experiments including a 14C-labeled study are proposed in NASH animal models to delineate the problematic areas for early drug development. Furthermore, a framework is provided with respect to the clinical pharmacology studies early in clinical development to characterise in an unbiased manner, the altered pharmacokinetics of drug in NASH patients for optimizing the dose selection for late phase clinical development. Because NASH patients have other co-morbid conditions and are prescribed co-medications for treating blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia and many more disorders, it is also suggested to examine the drug-drug interaction potential by performing a cocktail probe study to cover a broad range of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and transporters.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mammary gland. A case report of synchronous occurrence of two different carcinomas in one breast
Authors: Lorek Andrzej , Boratyn-Nowicka Agnieszka
Published: November 2018

W pracy przedstawiono przypadek pierwotnego neuroendokrynnego raka piersi, który współwystępował z typowym rakiem naciekającym (BC) w tym samym gruczole piersiowym. Został zdiagnozowany pooperacyjnie w badaniu histopatologicznym i potwierdzony w badaniach immunohistochemicznych.
An unusual manifestation of clear cell carcinoma – case report
Authors: Buczek-Kutermak Aleksandra , Szanecki Wojciech , Jabłońska Anna , Witkowska Agnieszka , Palowski Michał , Witek Andrzej
Published: November 2018

Choroba nowotworowa już od dawna uznawana jest za przyczynę incydentów zakrzepowo-zatorowych. Incydenty te występują w 1–11% przypadków raków. W raku jasnokomórkowym, który stanowi około 5% nowotworów złośliwych jajnika, incydenty zakrzepowo-zatorowe występują 2,5 razy częściej niż w innych typach histologicznych. Rak jasnokomórkowy jest rozpoznawany u młodszych kobiet i we wcześniejszym stadium. Nowotwór cechuje też chemiooporność na standardowe leczenie.
Kobieta 47-letnia została przyjęta do Kliniki Ginekologii i Położnictwa Wydziału Lekarskiego w Katowicach w celu leczenia guza (raka) przydatków prawych, którego wykryto miesiąc wcześniej w trakcie diagnostyki udaru niedokrwiennego. Udar wystąpił mimo braku czynników obciążających. Wykonano laparotomię według protokołu raka jajnika. Badanie histopatologiczne potwierdziło rozpoznanie: rak jasnokomórkowy (clear cell carcinoma – CCC). Pacjentkę w 5 dobie po operacji wypisano ze szpitala i skierowano do dalszego leczenia onkologicznego. Interdyscyplinarne podejście zespołu lekarskiego może poprawić rokowanie pacjentek przez wcześniejsze wykrycie nowotworu.
Należy zachować czujność onkologiczną w przypadku niewyjaśnionego incydentu zakrzepowo-zatorowego.
Rüzgâra Karşı Duran Şair: Yahya Kemal’in Türk Şiirine ve Şairlerine Etkisi
Authors: Ataker Buşra
Published: November 2018

RÜZGÂRA KARŞI DURAN ŞAİR isimli kitap incelenmiştir.
Editorial
Authors: García Rafael
Published: November 2018

Editorial
Hacia Arts & Architecture La revolución editorial de John Entenza (1938-1945)
Authors: Díez Martínez Daniel
Published: November 2018

Resumen En enero de 1945 Arts & Architecture puso en marcha el programa CaseStudy House, un experimento ideado por John Entenza que les reservaríaa él y a su revista un lugar importante en la historia de la arquitectura moderna del siglo XX. Desde que asumió la dirección de Arts & Architectureen 1940, Entenza supo rodearse de creadores y artistas como Alvin Lustig,Ray y Charles Eames, Herbert Matter o Julius Shulman, que contribuyerona elevar el estándar gráfico de su publicación y le confirieron una identidadinnovadora que respaldaba visualmente el discurso intelectual vanguardista de compromiso con la arquitectura y el diseño modernos que defendía en sus páginas. Este artículo analiza los orígenes, las estrategias de trasformación y los nombres propios que hicieron realidad una revista que, cincuenta años después de su desaparición en 1967, sigue resultando tan atractiva y radical como cuando se editaba.AbstractIn January 1945 Arts & Architecture launched the Case Study House program, an experiment devised by John Entenza that would reserve for him and his magazine an important place in the history of modern architecture of the twentieth century. From the moment he took over the direction of Arts & Architecture in 1940, Entenza knew how to seduce creators and artists such as Alvin Lustig, Ray and Charles Eames, Herbert Matter and Julius Shulman, who contributed to raise the graphic standard of his publication and gave it an innovative identity that visually supported the avant-garde intellectual discourse of commitment to modern architecture and design that it defended in its pages. This article analyzesthe origins, the strategies of transformation and the proper names that made the magazine a reality that, fifty years after its disappearance in 1967, continues to be as attractive and radical as when it was published.
Un apunte sobre el palais
Authors: Ponce Gregorio Pedro
Published: November 2018

Resumen Sería en julio de 1926, tras el concurso organizado por la Fundación Princesa Edmond de Polignac, cuando Le Corbusier consigue el encargo para construir el que sería su primer palais, el Palais du Peuple de París. Un proyecto que, situado sobre una parcela descuidada e irregular dejada atrás por el conjunto de cuerpos ya construidos del edificio principal, debía servir como ampliación a la importante pieza de dormitorio que l´Armée du Salut tenía ya constituida como refugio para las personas sin hogar. Este y no otro es el lugar en el que el presente “apunte” se inscribe: en el continuo devenir que el proyecto desarrolla dentro del número 35 de la Rue de Sèvres, a fin de desempolvaralgunas de las claves de aquel primer rastro creativo velado por la historia; de desandar la línea del Palacio del Pueblo de París.AbstractIt would be on July of 1926, after the competition called by the Edmond de Polignac Princess ´s Foundation, when Le Corbusier obtained the commission to build what it would become his first palais, the Palais du Peuple on Paris. A project that, located on a neglected and irregular plot left behind by the set of shapes already built for the main building, had toserve as an extension to the important part of dormitory that l´Armee du Salut had already established as a refugee for the homeless. This is where the present “notes” follow in: on the continuous transformation that took place on the project inside the number 35 on the Rue de Sevres, with the objective of dusting off some of the key aspects of that first creative trackblurred by history; going back along the line of the Palace for the People of Paris.
Biuer... Chicago! Un argumento surrealista para el McCormick Tribune Campus Center
Authors: Gómez-Valcárcel Gómez Daniel
Published: November 2018

Resumen Se tiende a considerar el McCormick Tribune Campus Center bajo una filiación pop. Sin descartar la evidencia del influjo de Robet Venturi, el artículo argumenta la raigambre surrealista, velada por su colorista y desenfadada retórica. Esta hipótesis no sería incoherente con el aprecio de Rem Koolhaas por las técnicas surrealistas (patentes en Delirious New York) y la apreciación de rasgos surrealistas en su obra temprana por parte de terceros. Se analizan, sobre aspectos concretos del edificio terminado y sobre documentos de desarrollo del proyecto, mecanismos destinados a producir efectos similares a los que los surrealistas perseguían con sus prácticas: la intensificación de la realidad más allá de la pura racionalidad. También sería coherente con el aliento de crítica epistémica que recibe el proyecto de las bases del concurso que le dio lugar, y que motivó la respuesta de Koolhaas mediante el binomio que forman el edificio y su panfleto coetáneo, Junkspace.AbstractUnder its casual and colorful appearance, the McCormick Tribune Campus Center built in 2003 at the Chicago IIT campus by Rem Koolhaas constitutes a perplexing -hard to grasp conceptually- architectural piece. The commission origin was an international competition whose bases demanded a building “equal in stature to Mies van der Rohe’s S. R. Crown Hall” that “will express the architecture of our time”. According to Koolhaas, the building, in which he subverts all kind of disciplinary categories that shape Mies’s work, is a built response to the condition of our time described in Junkspace, a text written in parallel to its construction proccess. The article argues that a surreal halo shines under its pop aesthetic. Being its significance reinforced by Koolhaas’ clear appreciation of the findings of the Surrealists -among whom, especially, Dalí’s paranoid-critical method-, it may constitute a clue of deeper arguments that, steeping the strategy and methodology of the project, contribute to articulate the construct with which its author gives response to the  competition intellectual demands.
Martini-Made. Ferrater-Fisac Bajo el mismo concepto
Authors: Bruno Aniorte Mª José
Published: November 2018

Resumen En 1959 Miguel Fisac recibe el encargo para proyectar y construir un nuevo edificio industrial: los laboratorios farmacéuticos “Made”. Un año antes, Jaime Ferrater Ramoneda, joven arquitecto catalán recién afincado en Madrid, completará el proyecto para una nueva fábrica de elaboración de vermut “Martini y Rossi” en dicha localidad. Mientras que Fisac se encuentra en el cénit de su carrera profesional, Ferrater, sin embargo, comienza la suya con esta obra. Sin conexión aparente entre los autores,ambos confluyen en la misma línea a la hora de dar una solución  compositiva al programa de necesidades que sus clientes demandan, aportando una nueva visión sincera y pragmática. Diez puntos  comparativos entre ambos proyectos estructuran el artículo, consiguiendo demostrar la similitud conceptual que guardan estos dos magníficos ejemplos de arquitectura industrial madrileña.AbstractIn 1959 Miguel Fisac was engaged to project and construct a new industrial building: the pharmaceutical laboratories “Made”. One year earlier, Jaime Ferrater Ramoneda, a young Catalan architect settled in Madrid, completed in the same city a project for a new liquors manufacture building “Martini and Rossi”. While Fisac reached the zenith of his professional career, Ferrater on the other hand, was at his beginnings with this project. Apparently without any connections between the two creators, both chose a similar approach to resolve the constructive needs requested by their clients, by providing a new, sincere and pragmatic vision. The article contains 10 comparative points, which aim to prove the conceptual  similarities of these two magnificent examples of industrial architecture in Madrid.
La dialéctica entre lo original y lo nuevo La restauración de la iglesia del cuartel de San Hermenegildo de Sevilla
Authors: Gómez de Terreros Guardiola Mª Gracia
Published: November 2018

Resumen La iglesia de la antigua escuela de San Hermenegildo en Sevilla es un paradigma de nuestro patrimonio en su autenticidad. El tempo es el últimovestigio de la antigua escuela, en aquel tiempo cuartel, que fue demolida en 1957-58, dejandola exenta y necesitada de la restauración de una imagen adecuada y necesaria desde un punto de vista urbano y  patrimonial. Félix Hernández Giménez llevó a cabo la restauración en 1960-67, diseñando nuevas formas y elementos para el edificio como el frente de la fachada sur, que erroneamente se atribuyó a Alonso de Vandelvira, como se demuestra en este artículo. El análisis de nueve proyectos de Hernández y el arquitecto Rafael Manzano Martos y la información obtenida de otras fuentes verifica esta interevención sin restar valor al edificio. Sus modificaciones formales, la adecuada localización del edificio en su emplazamiento, así como todos los acontecimientos  históricos que allí ocurrieron son parte del edificio y su autenticidad.AbstractThe church of the old school of Saint Hermegildo in Seville is a paradigm of our heritage in its authenticity. The temple is the last vestige of the old school, at that time barracks, which was demolished in 1957-58, leaving it exempt and in need of the restitution of an adequate image, compulsory from a patrimonial and urban perspective. Félix Hernández Giménez carried out its restoration in 1960-67, designing new shapes and elements for the building such as the front of the south facade, which was wrongly attributed to Alonso de Vandelvira, as is proved in this article. The analysis of nine located projects of Hernández and the auxiliary architect Rafael Manzano Martos and the information obtained from other sources verify this intervention without subtracting value from the building. Its formal modifications, the proper location of the building in its emplacement, as well as all the historical events that happened there are part of the building and its authenticity.
Augmented Popperian Experiments: A Framework for Sustainability Knowledge Development across Contexts
Authors: Phillips Fred , Lin Hsing-Er , Schifter Trudi , Folse Nicholas
Published: November 2018

The challenges to sustainability governance across multiple geographical/cultural contexts lead us to the “piecemeal engineering” idea advocated by the philosopher Karl Popper, which explicitly considers context. We argue for adopting the piecemeal engineering approach, augmented by adaptive policies and modern (online) collaboration platforms to maximize the prospects of sustainable practices worldwide. This recommended course is not intended to be a theory in itself. Rather, it is a well-grounded, practical and practicable stop-gap measure in times when complexity and change outpace theories and strategies. We present a philosophical foundation for this “Augmented Popperian Experimentation.” Focusing on The Water Network (the largest collaborative platform for water researchers and professionals), we show that sustainability-oriented organizations in the water realm and others are inching toward the practice we advocate. We discuss implications.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Children Undegoing Hemodialysis Using Various Doppler Techniques
Authors: Sulovic Ljiljana , Sulovic Vladimir , Zivkovic Zorica , Zivkovic Jovan , Vasic Maja , Sulovic Nenad
Published: November 2018

Assessment of cardiac function is the leading parameter when evaluating the state of the cardiovascular system of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The aim of the paper: to assess the state of the cardiovascular system of these patients using new sensitive echocardiography and Doppler techniques and thus advance the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Method: Twenty children with end-stage renal insufficiency on chronic hemodialysis and twenty healthy controls underwent echocardiographic monitoring using standard Doppler  and tissue Doppler imaging. Structural and functional changes in the left ventricle were evaluated. Results: Patients on hemodialysis had significantly greater left ventricular mass indices compared to the controls (p < 0.001). The patients on hemodialysis had preserved systolic function—their fractional shortening, ejection fraction and Sm (systolic myocardial velocity) did not differ significantly compared to the controls (p > 0.05). Early diastolic function in children on hemodialysis was also preserved: the E/A and Em/Am ratio did not differ significantly from the control group (p > 0.05). Children on hemodialysis exhibited impaired late diastolic function (compliance index), that is, considerably higher E/Em compared to controls (p < 0.00). Myocardial Performance Index values showed statistically significant elevation in children on hemodialysis compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Tissue Doppler in tandem with conventional Pulsed Doppler can provide additional information on left ventricular filling pressures (E/Em) in children on hemodialysis. It is therefore recommended to perform routine measuring of Em waves and the E/Em ratio, not only in order to evaluate myocardial relaxation and ventricular filling pressures, but primarily to stratify risk and provide a prognosis.
Cotton Yield and Defoliation Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen and Harvest Aids
Authors: Wang Haimiao , Gao Kai , Fang Sheng , Zhou Zhiguo
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Defoliants enhanced seed cotton yield by increasing opening boll number.

N application promoted cotton yield by increasing seed cotton weight per boll.

150 kg N ha−1and thidiazuron+ethephon of 900+3000 g ai ha−1was suggested.

Appropriate nitrogen levels combined with safe rates of harvest aids can provide timely and efficient harvesting of cotton in the wheat–cotton double cropping system in the Yangtze River Valley Cotton Belt. Three rates of harvest aids (0+0, 450+1500, and 900+3000 g ai ha−1of thidiazuron+ethephon) under four nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1) were established to study the interactive effects of N levels and harvest‐aid rates on defoliation, boll opening, and seed cotton yield in 2015 and 2016. Results showed that defoliation and boll opening percentages were significantly enhanced by 45 to 57% and by 35 to 41% after the application of harvest aids, especially for the elevated rate, under 150 and 225 kg N ha−1. Although a significant negative effect was observed on seed cotton weight per boll, total seed cotton yield was significantly increased by 28 to 42%, due to the favorable opening boll number after harvest‐aid application. Nitrogen application significantly increased seed cotton yield by 10 to 22%, owing to the enhanced seed cotton weight per boll, and the maximum total seed cotton yield was recorded under 150 kg N ha−1when applied with harvest‐aid chemicals of 900+3000 g ai ha−1. Thus, the application of 150 kg N ha−1combined with 900+3000 g ai ha−1of harvest aids (thidiazuron+ethephon) was suggested for mechanized harvest in cotton to achieve a satisfactory defoliation and seed cotton yield in the Yangtze River Valley Cotton Belt.
Changes in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle in sediments of an urban river under different dissolved oxygen levels
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Ruan Xiaohong , Shi Wenli
Published: November 2018

Urban rivers are considered as a hot spot of microbial nitrogen cycling due to extensive N loading. However, microbial nitrogen transformation dynamics in urban rivers with different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of DO concentration changes (anaerobic to aerobic) in overlying water on nitrogen-cycling gene abundance in incubation conditions using sediment from a typical urban river in the Yangtze River Delta. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results revealed that the abundances of the nitrification gene amoA, denitrification gene nirS/K, norB, nosZ, and anammox gene hzo increased by one to two orders of magnitude from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) predominated the ammonium oxidation microbial populations, about tenfold more than the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations. Significant correlations were found among the abundances of AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA, nirS, nirK, and hzo genes, implying a close coupling of aerobic ammonium oxidation (AAO), denitrification, and anammox processes at the molecular level. Moreover, the nitrogen transformation rates were calculated using a box model linking the measured dissolved inorganic nitrogen species. The contribution of anammox to N2 production was 85% under saturated treatment, and the AAO rate was significantly positive correlated to the anammox rate. Our results suggested that coupled AAO and anammox might be the dominant pathway for reactive nitrogen removal in urban rivers with elevated DO levels.
Психологический анализ медиатекста: образ животного в рекламном нарративе
Authors: Kyshtymova Irina M.
Published: November 2018

Введение. Проблема психологического анализа рекламного нарратива актуальна в связи с возрастающей ролью рекламной информации в развивающем коммуникативном пространстве. Новизна представленного исследования заключается в презентации метода психологического анализа медиапродуктов и объяснения механизма использования образа животного для моделирования процессов трансляции рекламой экзистенциально значимых сообщений.

Методы. Выявление транслируемых рекламой смыслов проводилось с помощью описанного в тексте метода имманентного анализа. Для верификации сформулированного на основе анализа суждения о трансформации образа животного в рекламном нарративе использовался семантический дифференциал, с помощью которого испытуемые последовательно оценивали образы животных: кошки, собаки, волка, медведя и енота, а также стимул «человек» и образ героя рекламного ролика – «енота». В исследовании принимали участие 103 человека: 77 старшеклассников и 26 студентов.

Результаты. Выявлена двойственность семантической структуры анализируемого ролика: он является транслятором не только прагматических, оправданных коммерческой целью, но и экзистенциальных смыслов. Вторые, используясь как средство привлечения внимания к рекламируемому продукту, при этом обусловливают глубинное психологическое воздействие сообщения. Показано, что восприятие образа животного в рекламном нарративе опирается на его антропоморфные характеристики, трансформирующиеся в художественном пространстве ролика. Определен негативный характер изменения семантики образа животного под влиянием его рекламной презентации.

Обсуждение результатов. Сравнение семантики «енота» с семантикой «человека» и наделенных стереотипным значением животных позволило выявить его семантический статус и предположить, что антропоморфная «обыкновенность» этого животного актуализирует процессы зрительской идентификации и трансляции значимых для формирования мотивации экзистенциальных смыслов. Сравнение семантики внеконтекстного стимула «енот» с семантикой героя рекламного ролика позволило определить характер семантической трансформации образа животного в рекламном нарративе и верифицировать полученное в процессе имманентного анализа суждение о провокации анализируемым рекламным роликом мотивации суицидального поведения.
Жизненный опыт как потенциал успешного старения
Authors: Glozman Zhanna M. , Naumova Valentina A.
Published: November 2018

Введение. Авторами обосновывается актуальность исследования в связи с изменением современной демографической ситуации и необходимостью поиска психологических возможностей формирования позитивного образа старости. На основании анализа публикаций конкретизируется определение успешного старения. Цель исследования заключается в анализе значения сохранности жизненных ресурсов как важного условия мобилизации потенциала успешного старения. В качестве обоснования логики эмпирической части представлен ряд теоретических предпосылок, объединенных вытеснением доминирования инволюционной парадигмы старения и полноправным принятием парадигмы успешного старения. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что показана роль целенаправленно организованной творческой деятельности в реализации потенциального жизненного опыта для поддержания успешного старения. Материалы и методы. В разделе представлена характеристика испытуемых – 130 человек в возрасте от 56 до 84 лет, проживающих на территории Камчатского края. Описываются методики: экспресс-методика оценки когнитивных функций при нормальном старении (Н. К. Корсакова, Е. Ю. Балашова, И. Ф. Рощина); тест жизнестойкости S. R. Maddi, S. Kobasa (адаптация Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. И. Рассказовой); шкала психологического благополучия К. Рифф (адаптация Т. Д. Шевеленковой, Т. П. Фесенко); анкета «Субъективное восприятие своей жизни» (Е. Н. Чуева, В. А. Наумова). Представлен дизайн исследования.
Результаты. В данном разделе приводятся результаты эмпирического исследования эффективности участия старого человека в целенаправленно организованной деятельности в арт-группе для реализации потенциала успешного старения. Доказано, что сохранение когнитивного ресурса и саморегулирующих способностей личности в старости – это условие актуализации потенциального жизненного опыта.
Обсуждение результатов. Рассматривается значение реализации жизненного опыта в старости как субъекта своей жизнедеятельности и возможной позитивной жизненной перспективы. Анализируются причины, затрудняющие использование жизненного опыта как потенциала успешного старения.