bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amerika’da Niğdeli Bir Şahsiyet (1884-1976): Nicolas P. Aghnides
Authors: ATAM Şenay , ÖZTÜRK Gülin
Published: April 2020

Osmanlı Devleti’nin çok uluslu
yapısı ve içerisinde barındırdığı gayrimüslim unsurları kendi vatandaşı olarak değerlendirmesi bilinen bir gerçektir. Osmanlı
Devleti içerisinde yaşayan gayrimüslimler bu topraklarda doğmuş, eğitim almış,
çalışma hayatına başlamış, hatta bir kısmı devletin çeşitli kademelerinde
önemli görevler almışlardır. Osmanlı Devleti içerisinde yaşayan gayrimüslimler
genellikle ilköğrenimlerini kendi mensup oldukları cemaatin okullarında
okumuşlardır.  Böylece kendi din ve
dillerinin temel esaslarını öğrenebilmişlerdir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin
Tanzimat’tan sonraki süreçte gayrimüslimlere de dinini değiştirmeden devlet
memuru hakkı getirmesiyle birlikte bu işlerde görev almak için Osmanlı
Devleti’nin açmış olduğu okullarda da yükseköğrenimlerini sürdürmüşlerdir.

Bu
çalışmada Niğde gibi küçük bir Anadolu şehrinde doğup, yüksekokul için
İstanbul’a gelen oradan da Osmanlı Devleti’nin açtığı bir sınav sonucu başarılı
olarak yolu Amerika’ya düşen bir Rum olan Nicolas Aghnides’in biyografisi,
Amerika yolculuğu ve ardında bıraktığı eserler Osmanlı ve Amerikan arşivleri
kayıtlarında mevcut belgelerden de faydalanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile
bir Osmanlı olan Aghnides’in hayatı hakkında bilgi edinirken bir yandan da
O’nun üzerinden Osmanlının Müslüman olmayan bir Rum’u Amerika gibi bir ülkede
ücretsiz eğitim alması konusundaki olumlu tavrı üzerinden 20.  yüzyıl azınlık politikası hakkında da bilgi
edinmek mümkün olabilecektir.
İslâm Devletinin Diğer İslâm Devletiyle Savaşmasının Meşru ve Gayri Meşru Olduğu Durumlar
Authors: Özdemir Ahmet
Published: April 2020

İslâm devletlerinin aralarındaki ilişkilerin
barışa dayalı ve kardeşlik hukuku içinde olması gerekir. Ancak iç ve dış
etkenlerle Müslümanların birbirleri ile ilişkilerin bozulduğu ve çatışmaların
yaşandığı da tarihî bir gerçekliktir. Bu çalışmada bir İslâm devletinin kendisi
ile aynı inancı paylaşan diğer İslâm devleti ile hangi durumlarda
savaşabileceği ve hangi durumlarda da savaşamayacağı hususunun açıklığa kavuşturulması
hedeflenmektedir. Ülkenin sınırlarını her türlü saldırıya karşı korumak,
dünyadaki sömürgeci ve emperyalist güçlerin planlarını bozmak, haksız saldırıya
uğrayan İslâm devletinin yanında yer alıp ona zor anında destek olmak, Müslümanların
birlikteliğini ve ümmet şuurunu bozan ve müminler arasında fitne ve fesada yol
açanları durdurmak amacıyla yapılacak savaşlar dinin genel ilkelerine aykırılık
taşımadığı için meşru savaşlardır. Bu gayelere ulaşmak için bir İslâm
devletinin diğer İslâm devletine karşı savaş dâhil olmak üzere zamanın
şartlarına en uygun metotlarla mücadele içinde olması onun hakkıdır. İslâm
devletinin meşru bir gerekçeye dayalı olmaksızın Müslüman toplumlara savaş
açması ise hiçbir zaman meşru olmayacaktır. Mezhep taassubu ile hareket edip
farklı mezhep mensuplarını ortadan kaldırmak, diğer İslâm devletlerinin
zenginliklerini sömürüp hükümranlık alanını genişletmek, dünyadaki sömürgeci ve
emperyalist güçlerin amaçlarına hizmet etmek gibi meşru zemine oturmayan gayelerle
Müslümanların yaşadıkları ülkelere saldırılar düzenlemek gayri meşrudur. Meşru
olmayan sebeplerle savaş ilan edip Müslümanların ölmesine sebep olanlar büyük
bir sorumluluk taşımaktadırlar.
Bilgi Çağında Yükseköğretim Muhasebe Eğitiminde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Öneriler
Authors: KARAKAYA Gencay
Published: April 2020

Dijitalleşme, sayısallaşma, yapay zekâ, makine öğrenmesi gibi kavramların konuşulduğu günümüz bilgi çağının, eğitim öğretim alanındaki en temel sorunlara henüz çare olamadığı açıkça görülmektedir. Özellikle yükseköğretimde ana bilim dalları düzeyinde oluşturulan ve katma değer oluşturması beklenen müfredatlar, programlar ve ders içerikleri bilgi çağının gerisinde seyretmektedir. Öğrencilere analitik düşünme, muhakeme, sorunu tespit etme ve çözüm bulma gibi temel kazanımların verilmesi hususu halen ihmal edilmektedir. Bu yönüyle üniversitelerin etkin kaynak yönetimleri de sekteye uğramaktadır. Bu nedenle bilgi çağının sunduğu yenilikler ve fırsatlar geri planda kalmakta, yükseköğretim seviyesindeki eğitim öğretim, potansiyelden giderek uzaklaşarak vasat altı bir çizgide devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, muhasebe eğitimi kapsamında, katma değer oluşturacak bir eğitim öğretim modeli oluşturamama sorunu detaylı şekilde incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında kavramsal bir çerçeve ile birlikte çok kriterli bir analize de yer verilecektir.
PRIMA FACIE ДОКАЗИ У ПРАКТИЦІ ЄСПЛ
Authors: І. Гніденко В. , В. Скупінський О.
Published: April 2020

У статті досліджено питання доказування у структурі рішень Європейського суду з прав людини. Зокрема, основну увагу приділено використанню обставини «prima facie» через призму рішень Європейського суду з прав людини, які ілюструють можливі ситуації у яких доречно користуватися даною обставиною. Використання обставини «prima facie» безпосередньо пов’язане з покладенням тягаря доведення зі сторони позивача на сторону відповідача. Увага до інституту доказування з урахуванням обставини «prima facie» пов'язане з тією фундаментальною роллю, яку вона продовжує грати в міжнародному правосудді, така практика Європейського суду з прав людини направлена на справедливу організацію судової системи, коли законодавчо регламентовані і дотримувані на практиці гарантії пропорційні законним очікуванням суспільства.

Ключові слова: правосуддя, доказування, тягар доказування судовий розгляд, практика ЄСПЛ.
РЕФОРМА ІНСТИТУТУ ВИКРИВАЧІВ КОРУПЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ: ДОВГООЧІКУВАНІ ЗМІНИ ЧИ ІМІТАЦІЯ ПРОГРЕСУ
Authors: В. Татаренко Г. , А. Мезеря О. , В. Татаренко І.
Published: April 2020

Актуальність дослідження зумовлена необхідністю всебічного аналізу правового інституту викривачів корупції, як нового явища у сфері боротьби з корупцією, наданням рекомендації щодо удосконалення положень та усунення протиріч між нормами діючого законодавства у сфері запобігання та боротьби з корупцією. Об’єктом дослідження є правовий статус викривачів корупції, механізми його захисту та відновлення, правова взаємодія з іншими учасниками антикорупційних правовідносин.  Предметом дослідження є теоретичні та практичні аспекти регулювання правосуб’єктності викривачів корупції, норми чинного законодавства та правозастосовна практика щодо реалізації положень інституту викривачів корупції. Метою дослідження є аналіз останніх законодавчих змін щодо викривачів корупції в Україні на предмет дієвості та наявності прорахунків, визначення напрямів розвитку правового регулювання інституту. За для досягнення поставленої мети у роботі були визначені та проаналізовані основні міжнародно-правові акти, законодавчі та інші правові акти України, що стосуються правового статусу викривачів корупції; виявлені прогалини в національному законодавстві у сфері функціонування інституту викривачів корупції та запропоновані шляхи їх вирішення.

Ключові слова: викривачі, корупція, анонімні повідомлення, запобігання корупції, злочин, посадові особи.
ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ НА ДЕРЖАВНІЙ СЛУЖБІ
Authors: К. Тютюнник В. , В. Котова Л.
Published: April 2020

У статті досліджено поняття «дистанційної праці» на посадах державної служби України. Висвітлено думки вчених-правників щодо дискусійного питання правового регулювання дистанційних трудових відносин державних службовців України. Проаналізовано особливості застосування норм чинного законодавства України під час врегулювання дистанційної праці державних службовців. У дослідженні запропоновані можливі зміни до окремих положень Закону України «Про державну службу» від 01.05.2016 № 889-VIII та проекту нового Трудового кодексу України.

Ключові слова: надомна праця; дистанційна праця; дистанційна зайнятість; дистанційні трудові відносини; державний орган; державна служба.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ ОХОРОНИ ПРАЦІ ПРИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННІ СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ ПРИВАТНИХ І ПУБЛІЧНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ У СФЕРІ ОХОРОНИ ПРАЦІ
Authors: Ю. Івчук Ю.
Published: April 2020

Досліджуючи питання співвідношення приватних і публічних інтересів у сфері охорони праці, неможливо залишити поза увагою питання принципів цього інституту, оскільки вони надають можливість розкрити зміст охорони праці, стратегію розвитку законодавства щодо встановлення умов праці, виділити особливості охорони праці окремих категорій працівників, подолати прогалини у законодавстві про охорону праці тощо. Також слід наголосити, що такий підхід дослідження є надзвичайно актуальним і необхідним щодо ефективного впровадження та закріплення міжнародних принципів і стандартів у питаннях охорони праці в національному законодавстві України. Саме принципи є підґрунтям і джерелом уточнення понятійного апарату, ретельного з’ясування змісту охорони праці, вони визначають вектор розвитку законодавства у цій царині.Інтеграція України до світової спільноти, розширення економічних зав’язків, співпраця між українськими та європейськими суб’єктами господарювання, імміграція робочої сили ставлять на порядок денний питання щодо запровадження міжнародних стандартів у питаннях охорони праці в національне трудове законодавство України.Щоб виявити слабкі, а також зрозуміти сильні сторони сучасного стану нормативно-правового регулювання охорони праці в Україні, треба провести його ґрунтовне теоретичне дослідження, яке має значення як для доктрини трудового права в цілому, так і інституту охорони праці, а також для правозастосування.Стаття присвячена з’ясуванню суті «принципів охорони праці» як базового елементу, проведенню класифікації та ретельного аналізу принципів досліджуваного інституту, а також висвітленню проблемних питань, які виникають при встановленні безпечних і здорових умов праці, запобіганні нещасним випадкам на виробництві й професійним захворюванням тощо.

Ключові слова: принципи охорони праці, класифікація принципів охорони праці, приватні та публічні інтереси.
ІСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВЕ ПІДҐРУНТЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ФОРМУВАННЯ ГАЛУЗІ ТРУДОВОГО ПРАВА
Authors: С. Арсентьєва О.
Published: April 2020

У статті досліджено питання історико-правового аспекту становлення й розвитку галузі трудового права. Проаналізовано нормативно-правові акти у сфері праці зі стародавніх часів й до сьогодення. Розглянуто різні періодизації, які висвітлюють історію формування та становлення галузі трудового права у різні часи, - під владою Австрійської та Російської імперії, за часів виборювання свого права на незалежність та встановлення на території України влади Центральної Ради, під владою Радянського Союзу і, зрештою, за часів незалежності України. Визначено головні історичні та правові особливості, які вплинули на розвиток трудового законодавства сучасної України та на цій підставі виокремлено періоди, які відображатимуть усі специфічні риси становлення та формування галузі трудового права нашої держави.

Ключові слова: галузь трудового права, норми трудового права, нормативно-правовий акт, трудове законодавство, трудові відносини, періодизація у галузі трудового права.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЕКО-ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНИХ ПАРКІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: В. Мартинова Л. , І. Воронько О.
Published: April 2020

Стаття присвячена дослідженню економіко-правових аспектів діяльності еко-індустріальних парків в Україні, а також визначення їх ролі у забезпеченні сталого соціально-економічного розвитку України. Визначено, що одним з ключових елементів забезпечення умов сталого розвитку є концептуальна еко-зорієнтованість інвестиційно-інноваційної стратегії, як на рівні конкретної держави, так й на світовому рівні в цілому. Наголошено, що реалізація нової еко-інвестиційно-інноваційної стратегії вбачається через призму створення та функціонування еко-індустріальних парків. Досліджено поняття та суть еко-індустріальних й еко-технологічних парків, а також їх роль і значення в сучасних умовах сталого розвитку. Окреслено головні переваги у досягненні екологічної, соціальної й економічної ефективності від провадження та розвитку ЕІП-концепції. Висвітлено основні функціональні завдання еко-технопарків, як науково-технічних ядер існування та розвитку еко-індустріального сектору економіки.Досліджено сьогоденний етап розвитку еко-парків у світі.

Ключові слова: еко-індустріальний парк, ЕІП-концепція, еко-технологічний парк еко-парки, еко-інвестиційно-інноваційна стратегія, сталий розвиток.
Cytoskeletal-based mechanisms differently regulate in vivo and in vitro proplatelet formation
Authors: Alicia Bornert  , Julie Boscher  , Fabien Pertuy  , Anita Eckly  , David Stegner  , Catherine Strassel  , Christian Gachet  , François Lanza  , Catherine Léon
Published: April 2020

Platelets are produced by bone marrow megakaryocytes through cytoplasmic protrusions, named native proplatelets (nPPT), into blood vessels. Proplatelets also refer to protrusions observed in megakaryocyte culture (cPPT) that are morphologically different. Contrary to cPPT, the mechanisms of nPPT formation are poorly understood. We show here in living mice that nPPT elongation is in equilibrium between protrusive and retraction forces mediated by myosin-IIA. We also found, using WT and β1-tubulin-deficient mice, that microtubule behavior differs between cPPT and nPPT, being absolutely required in vitro, while less critical in vivo. Remarkably, microtubule depolymerization in myosin-deficient mice did not affect nPPT elongation. We then calculated that blood Stokes'forces may be sufficient to promote nPPT extension, independently of myosin and microtubules. Together, we propose a new mechanism for nPPT extension that might explain contradictions between severely affected cPPT production and moderate platelet count defects in some patients and animal models.
Individualized dosing guidelines for PEGasparaginase and factors influencing the clearance: a population pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Robin Q.H. Kloos  , Ron Mathôt  , Rob Pieters  , Inge M. van der Sluis
Published: April 2020

Considerable inter- and intra-patient variability exist in serum activity levels of PEGasparaginase, essential for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model was developed, identifying patient characteristics explaining these variabilities. Patients (n=92) were treated according to the DCOG ALL-11 protocol, using therapeutic drug monitoring to individualize the PEGasparaginase doses. Non-linear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM) was used to analyze the popPK evaluating several covariates. The final model was validated using an independent database (n=28). Guidelines for starting doses and dose adjustments were developed. A one-compartment model with time-dependent clearance adequately described the popPK. Normalization of clearance and volume of distribution by body surface are (BSA) reduced inter-individual variability. Clearance was 0.084 L/day/m2 for 12.7 days, increasing with 0.082 L/day/m2/day thereafter. Clearance was 38% higher during an infection, and 11-19% higher during induction treatment than intensification and maintenance (p<0.001). Targeting an asparaginase activity level of 100 IU/L, a loading dose of 800 IU/m2 (induction) and 600 IU/m2 (intensification) is advised. In conclusion, variability of PEGasparaginase activity levels can be explained by BSA, treatment phase and the occurrence of an infection. With this popPK model, PEGasparaginase treatment can be individualized further, taking into account these covariates and the dosing guidelines provided.
Productive performance and cost effectiveness of broiler using three different probiotics in the diet
Authors: Ray BC , Chowdhury SD , Khatun A
Published: April 2020

The experiment reported here was an attempt to evaluate the effect of feeding three different probiotics to broilers on productive performance, meat yield and profitability of rearing for 42 days in an open sided house, at Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm. Two hundred fifty-six one-day old Indian River straight run broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments each of four replicates of 16 chicks each providing floor space of 1115 cm2 per bird. The basal diet was corn-soya and it was supplemented with different probiotics to make test diets. The dietary treatments were: basal diet (T1); basal diet supplemented with probiotic-1 (PB-1) at 1.0 g/kg feed (T2); basal diet supplemented with probiotic-2 (PB-2) at 1.0 g/kg feed (T3); basal diet supplemented with probiotic-3 (PB-3) at 0.5 g/kg feed (T4). Birds were fed starter diet from 0-21 days of age and grower diet from 22-42 days of age. Records were kept of performance traits and carcass yields by maintaining birds under identical management. Profitability was determined on termination of the trial. Performance and carcass yield data were statistically analyzed employing SAS Computer Package Program (SAS, 2009). Results showed no variation (P>0.05) in growth performance and meat yield characteristics of commercial broilers irrespective of types of probiotic supplementation. However, feed intake increased (P<0.05) due to supplementation of probiotics. Although higher cost (p<0.05) incurred due to addition of probiotics in the diet, such an addition increased profit. Profit over control was BDT 12.20/bird (BDT 5.10/kg) in PB-1, BDT 18.70/bird (BDT 7.40/kg) in PB-2 and BDT 17.10/bird (BDT 6.40/kg) in PB-3 group. The profit was higher in all the treated groups over control indicating that the use of probiotics irrespective of type was profitable and cost effective.

Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 85-91
Effect of aqueous herbal extracts on growth, plasma metabolites and meat characteristics of broiler
Authors: Camy MLY , Redoy MRA , Shuvo AAS , Ray BC , Rahman MA , Al-Mamun M
Published: April 2020

The experiment was carried out for 4 weeks to find out the efficacy of herbal extracts supplementation in drinking water on production performance, plasma metabolites, carcass characteristics, and fat deposition of commercial broilers. A total of 200 straight run day-old chicks (Cobb-500) were divided into five treatment groups; T0=Basal diet, T1= Basal diet+10 ppm neem leaves extract, T2= Basal diet+10 ppm garlic leaves extract, T3= Basal diet+10 ppm plantain leaves extract, T4= Basal diet+10 ppm antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) each with four replications having 10 birds per replicate. All the herbal extracts and AGP were supplemented in drinking water. Ration in the form of crumble was offered to the birds ad libitum having ME=3060 kcal/kg and CP=22.5%. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). A total of 15 birds three from each treatment were sacrificed at the end of feeding trial and dressing parameters were evaluated. Sensory properties of broiler meat were assessed by a panel of experts. Feed intake, BWG and FCR varied (p<0.05) in all treated groups, and the higher BWG and improved FCR were found in AGP group. Triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein content were lower (p<0.05) in all herbal treated groups than the control and elevated at AGP group. However, increased (p<0.001) dressing percentage and abdominal fat deposition were found in AGP group compared to herbal treated groups and the least value was found in plantain group which also exhibited lower (p<0.001) meat ether extract. Flavor (p=0.001), juiciness (p=0.002), tenderness (p=0.005) and overall acceptability (p<0.001) of broiler meat were significantly higher in herbal group over control and AGP group. The aqueous herbal extract supplementation could be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter to enhance growth performance, plasma lipid profiles as well as to reduce abdominal fat and meat of either extract.

Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 108-115
Observable and Unobservable Involvement Behaviours of a Climatology Course’s Undergraduate Students
Authors: Seixas T. M. , Salgueiro da silva M. A.
Published: April 2020

This study investigated students’ observable and unobservable involvement behaviours and their possible relation with academic achievement in a Climatology course at the Department of Physics and Astronomy of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal, in the Fall 2018/19. A structured online questionnaire titled “Observable and Unobservable Student Involvement Behaviours (OUSIB)” featuring a zero-centred 5-point Likert scale was used to collect the data. The OUSIB questionnaire comprised 20 multiple-choice questions, which were divided into two subscales: (1) Observable Involvement Behaviours; (2) Unobservable Involvement Behaviours; it was validated using Cronbach coefficient alpha. The collected data show that unobservable involvement behaviours are more frequent than the observable ones. This may reflect the difficulties that most students face in understanding the course contents, which likely triggers their introspective (unobservable) in detriment of their observable involvement behaviour. We notice that most of the Climatology syllabus consists of new subjects for which students generally have no prior knowledge or experience. It may constitute a great challenge for students being able to provide regular observable feedback during an entire problem-solving class. Moreover, there is a common tendency for high-grade students to prepare the classes in advance and involve less both observably and unobservably in classroom activities. We found no significant correlation between students’ final grades and their replies to the OUSIB questionnaire, which precludes any possible relationship between students’ academic achievement and their involvement behaviours in problem-solving classes.
Expectation-Performance Gap in Knowledge and Competencies in Accounting Graduates: Evidence from Tunisia
Authors: Khouloud Souidi , Rajhi Mohamed Tahar
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate the gap between the competencies which employers expect and those acquired by accounting graduates. We adopted the framework of (Bui &Porter, 2010) to examine the causal factors that contributed to this gap. A questionnaire survey was distributed to accounting professionals and educators. Furthermore, we analyzed data collected by non-parametric tests: the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney test. Findings indicate the constraints within universities as contributing to the failure of accounting education to provide accounting graduates with the competencies expected by accounting professionals. This study contributes to the literature as one of few studies that examine expectation-performance gap in Tunisia.
An Exploration of The Perceptions Regarding Parental Involvement in The Academic Activities of Secondary School Students at City Kotli AJK
Authors: Shah Saira Farooq , Rizve Razia , Sarfaraz Kiran , Iqbal Maryam
Published: April 2020

The world is becoming more and more competitive and the quality performance is the key for personal progress. Excellence particularly in academic and generally in all other areas has been seen as an important aspect. The good academic performance of the children is the strongest pillar in the building of a healthier community. The purpose of conducting this research study was to check and explore the involvement of parents in the academic activities of the students. A quantitative research approach was used for this study with class 10th present students of 15 government and private schools of Kotli City through random selection. Survey design was used for data collection by distributing two set of questionnaires to both parents and their children’s. After analysis of the data the researcher found that the involvement of parents in children’s education not only facilitates their children’s but also it significantly influenced nation as a whole. Thus, the research study recommends the parents to facilitate and provide the good learning environment to their children’s by showing involvement in children’s activities at home to educate the bright stars of the future more accurately towards the path of prosperity. This will help to increase the level of academic achievement of students.
Online Educators’ Leadership Styles and Sources of Their Support
Authors: Minela Kerla
Published: April 2020

Online education is manifested on three scales: formal, semi-formal and non-formal. The degree of development of each of the scales depends on the socioeconomic, technical, technological development of one country, administrative-legal and political system, its civilization and cultural milieu. It is manifest on platforms and has rules, frameworks, ranges and limitations, which usually is not studied in the formal educational systems, as it is not a part of the curriculum, or is not referred to the system of functioning large and small scales. Thus, as a consequence, educators find themselves in a digital space and become victims with burnout, destroyed knowledge and untapped potential of educational platforms. The subject of this study investigates the relationship between teacher educational background, their leadership styles and support on language teaching platforms. Results showed that educators respond to duty requests, and lead the teaching process in a parallel manner using autocratic, democratic, and liberal leadership styles, and their preferences are not related to educational background. Most of the teachers reported that they have the support from the platform where they teach, educational or other experts’ association. In contrast, a small number of participants said they do not receive any support or they have to rely on themselves. The paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects, in an effort to improve and strengthen program oriented to improvement of online educators’ skills and their professional inclusion. Results are useful for policy makers, managers, developers and experts in a field of online education.
Alternative to Alternative Schools
Authors: Pongračić Luka
Published: April 2020

The fundamental research question from which this paper is going to be - is there an alternative to alternative education? Alternative schools are in the pedagogical and didactical understanding of teaching, often far ahead of their time, sometimes too far. They offer something new and different, much better than traditional classes. Starting from the central location of students in the curriculum, up to curriculum development and teaching classroom design, this school offers us another option - an alternative. This paper represents selected alternative schools and the answer to the research question, and it is in differentiation. Differentiated school is the third alternative and the side by side with alternative schools brings something new and special. The methodology derives from the twenty-day observation of the teaching and the overall work of the gender-differentiated school with teacher interviews. In this qualitative research, the work of the male school that works on the principle of gender differentiation was analyzed and the specialties that this school achieved are described. The most important of them is the principle of work in a homogenous environment and a mentoring system that reinforces the underlying idea of better education. The specialties of gender differentiation are presented and its place in other possibilities of differentiation. The whole work presents a comparative analysis of alternative schools and differentiation and a conclusion about the greater success of such models compared to traditional schools.
The Development of an English Course based on the Integration of Project-Based Learning Approach and Blended Learning Module for Enhancing English Communication Skills at Workplace for the ASEAN Community of Thai Undergraduate Engineering Students
Authors: Wanchid Raveewan
Published: April 2020

The objectives of the study were to investigate the needs of English communication skills at workplaces of engineers and to provide guidelines on how to develop the English course based on the Integration of Project-based Learning Approach and Blended Learning Module to enhance English communication skills at work of undergraduate engineering students. To develop the course, it is generally composed of three main phases: needs analysis, course development, and course implementation and the course evaluation. However, this research reports the results of the needs analysis and provides suggestions for the course development based on the Integration of Project-based Learning Approach and Blended Learning Module. The questionnaires were used to investigate the needs analysis of three main groups of subjects: 15 engineers, 98 engineering students, and 10 ESP teachers. The semi-structured interview was used to gain more in-depth data from the representatives of the three main groups. However, only the perspectives of the students will be presented in this paper. The results of the study theoretically and practically shed some new light to the area of English language instruction for engineers.
Impact of Daylight Exposure on Sleep Time and Quality of Elementary School Children
Authors: Boubekri M. , Lee J. , Bub K. , Curry K.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine how daylight exposure affects the health and well-being of elementary school children. Sleep actigraphy data were the main dependent variables in this study. Independent variables were total light and daylight levels elementary school children were exposed to inside their classrooms as well as outside. Participants were composed of elementary school children (46% female, mean age = 7.27 years, ~33% African American) attending a rural and urban schools in the mid-west, each set of children divided into groups according to classroom orientation. Eighty participants in total wore light-sensor equipped actiwatches for one-week to measure sleep quality and exposure to ambient light levels. To assess light levels students were exposed to beyond the one-week of actigraphy measurements, data logging light meters were placed in various locations within the classrooms for an entire semester. Our results seem to indicate that studying in daylit classroom spaces would lead to higher sleep time and quality compared to those who receive little or no daylight. We measured differences as large as 36 minutes. We recommend, therefore, that classroom design need to pay attention to the daily daylight exposures elementary school children are receiving.
Online Learning Environments and Some Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Maria de Fátima Goulão
Published: April 2020

Teaching and learning in digital environments have repercussions both in terms of pedagogy and the action of its agents, where digital skills are indispensable. It was based on these factors that we delineated, developed, implemented and accompanied a curricular unit within an online undergraduate course. We had basic assumptions, at a macro level, to respond to the expectations, needs, and objectives of that training offer; at a micro level, to provide the development of the competences, in the students, foreseen for the course unit. The design of this (UC), in an online system, requires knowledge, in addition to the domain of scientific content, concerning adult pedagogy and the way people integrate, remember and interact with information. The structuring of a course unit must respond to the needs and objectives of the e-student, to identify their expectations and needs, as well as to make the contents accessible for learning. We propose to present the methodology adopted, in the different phases of the design of a specific course unit (SLP). We have assumed, for this task, the ASSURE Model that proposes, as the last EVALUATE / REVISE phase. For this phase, we counted with the collaboration of 104 e-students, of both sexes and who attended this unit course. The data obtained point to a positive evaluation of the acquired competences, as well as the transfer of knowledge, acquired to other curricular units. The aspects related to the experience of the development of the unit course are also of positive evaluation.
Using Vocabulary as An Instructional Scaffolding Technique to Boost English Language Skills
Authors: Manirakiza Evariste , Hakizimana Innocent
Published: April 2020

In the current trends of communication and globalization, the knowledge of vocabulary is of paramount importance. With a vocabulary package, people can read any texts and understand them. Additionally, it is easy to communicate when people have enough vocabulary. The present study is a class enquiry. It involved 30 students doing English for Specific Purposes at the University of Rwanda, College of Business and Economics, Business Administration option. Facing the challenge of getting students to effectively communicate in English and understand reading materials, the purpose of the study was to investigate into the role of vocabulary to the understanding of reading texts, speaking and writing activities. Data collection tools were individual evaluations, debates, a questionnaire and class observations. Findings revealed that vocabulary activities prior to reading provide students with many benefits. As students reported, vocabulary increased their understanding of the text and helps them exchange ideas and increase language skills while discussing vocabulary related exercises. Findings also indicated that the vocabulary activities helped students write in an effective way, applying new terms and writing freely. Therefore, it is recommended that vocabulary should be worked on thoroughly in order to foster reading comprehension, speaking and writing.
Spatial Disparities of Senior Secondary Educational Attainment in Haryana
Authors: Anita  , Vijay Wanti
Published: April 2020

For development of human resources of a nation and to harness their full potential throughout their life, education of all human beings is of great importance. It is the process of teaching, learning and training skills which prepares them for successful life. Secondary Education though not “fundamental right” of people, yet government and society understand it important for prosperity and good health of its people. It is a link between secondary and higher education after which specialisation in the fields of education starts. It is a post-Secondary education.

To provide it, a number of schemes, policies, programs have been framed from time to time by the government. Action plan included gender sensitisation to minimise the gender gap in educational attainment spatial disparities and in sequence monitored at various levels from time to time with the help of public and private agencies.

Nonetheless, gender disparities are nearly universal in terms of educational attainment at each level. In the present study, Senior Secondary education has been selected as focus. It is a micro level study based on census 2011 data. Maps are prepared using GIS technology to analyse patterns of Senior Secondary education attained total population and in males and females separately at district level of Haryana.
Prevalência de salmonella spp. em produtos de origem suína
Authors: Araújo Danielle Silva , Moura Flávia Vitória Pereira de , Luz Luís Evêncio da , Bezerra Juliana Barros , Carvalho Maynara Lima de , Gonçalves José Nilton de Araujo , Sousa Waléria Geovana dos Santos , Miranda Brena Lopes
Published: April 2020

O gênero Salmonella spp. pertence à família Enterobacteriaceae e são bactérias que possuem uma ampla distribuição mundial, estando presentes, especialmente, nos ambientes de produção animal. Cerca de 1,9% dos casos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos ocasionados por Salmonella são veiculadas pela carne suína e seus derivados, segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde. Frente ao exposto, o presente artigo objetivou a investigação de Salmonella em animais suínos, a partir do crescente comércio desse tipo cárneo e da preocupação com a saúde pública. O presente estudo, trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, abrangendo artigos científicos, monografias, teses e dissertações publicados nas bases de dados: CAPES, SciELO e Google acadêmico. Através dos estudos, verifica-se que, a Salmonella spp. é um dos principais agentes envolvidos nos casos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos e os suínos são considerados importantes veículos dessas bactérias, funcionando como fonte de infecção, de maneira direta ou indireta, para os humanos.  Por fim, conclui-se que o objetivo principal do estudo pode ser alcançado, ressalta-se a importância da notificação dos casos de contaminação por Salmonella aos departamentos de controle, a fim de direcionar as medidas de controle higiênico sanitário, de forma a garantir a segurança dos alimentos de origem suína e de seus derivados, e a saúde dos consumidores.
First report of bacterial kidney disease in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Russia
Authors: Sergeenko NV , Ustimenko EA , Eliseikina MG , Kuhlevskiy AD , Bochkova EV , Ryazanova TV
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the first case of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) to be identified in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Russia. The fish in question was caught in Lake Bolshoi Vilyui on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The diseased fish had foci of granulomatous inflammation in the kidneys. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolating the bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum from kidney tissue in pure culture, and by determining the partial 16S RNA gene sequence of the isolate. This is the first detection of this pathogen in the genus Oncorhynchus in Russia, and detection of BKD in coho salmon indicates that the pathogen is present in the natural fish populations of Kamchatka. Therefore, it will be necessary to conduct screening studies of mature salmon selected for artificial reproduction, for the presence of BKD signs and asymptomatic infection with R. salmoninarum, which will allow us to estimate the prevalence of the pathogen.
OPRM1 and ABCB1 Polymorphisms and Their Effect on Postoperative Pain Relief With Piritramide
Authors: BARTOŠOVÁ O. , POLANECKÝ O. , PERLÍK F. , ADÁMEK S. , SLANAŘ O.
Published: April 2020

Genetic factors may contribute to the differential response to opioids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of µ1-opioid receptor gene OPRM1 (rs1799971), and P-glycoprotein transporter gene ABCB1 (rs1045642, rs2032582), and piritramide efficacy under postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). In 51 patients, OPRM1 variant was associated with decreased efficacy in early postoperative period evidenced by sum of pain intensity difference in the 0-6 h postoperative period (SPID0-6), (F=3.27, p=0.029). Mean (SD) SPID0-6 was observed in the 118AA genotype 22.9 (6.1) mm, which was significantly higher from the 118GG genotype 10.0 (4.4) mm, p=0.006. The lowest cumulative dose was recorded in 118AA genotype 19.1 (9.8) mg, which was significantly less than in the 118GG genotype group 36.6 (6.1) mg, p=0.017. Opioid–induced adverse effects were observed in 11, 30, and 100 % of patients in 118AA, 118AG, and 118GG genotype groups, respectively (p<0.05). Piritramide efficacy and safety was not significantly affected by ABCB1 (rs1045642, rs2032582) polymorphisms. Variant OPRM1 118G allele is associated with decreased acute postoperative pain relief after piritramide. Decreased efficacy leads to higher drug consumption under PCA settings, which however, does not fully compensate insufficient pain relief, but increases incidence of adverse effects.
Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Brain During Rat Adjuvant Arthritis by Carnosine, Trolox and Novel Trolox-Carnosine
Authors: PONIŠT S. , SLOVÁK L. , KUNCÍROVÁ V. , FEDOROVA T. , LOGVINENKO A. , MUZYCHUK O. , MIHALOVÁ D. , BAUEROVÁ K.
Published: April 2020

Carnosine (CARN) is an anti-glycating agent able to quench superoxide, and to neutralize 4-hydroxynonenal. Trolox-carnosine (CARN-T) was synthesized because of its resistance against degradation and to improve CARN antioxidant capacity. We evaluated the impact of trolox (TRO), CARN and its derivative CARN-T on oxidative stress (OS) in brain during rat adjuvant arthritis (AA). The experiments were done on healthy, control arthritic and arthritic animals with administration of CARN 150 mg/kg b.w., TRO 41 mg/kg b.w. and CARN-T 75 mg/kg b.w. in a daily dose during 28 days. Antioxidants did not affect the body weight on day 14, but on day 28 TRO enhanced the weight reduction. On day 14 and 28 CARN-T and TRO reduced arthritic score. IL-1beta, MCP-1 and MMP-9 were measured in plasma on day 14. MCP-1 was decreased by CARN-T and TRO. All antioxidants reduced IL-1beta and MMP-9 levels. Malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were increased in brain. CARN, CARN-T and TRO prevented higher lipid and protein oxidation in brain. CARN and CARN-T caused no weight reduction like TRO that has an advantage in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover the antioxidants administered had a similar therapeutic effects on arthritic score, markers of inflammation in plasma and OS in brain.
Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis of ABCC8 and ABCD2 Genes Associating With Clinical Course of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: SOUCEK P. , HLAVAC V. , ELSNEROVA K. , VACLAVIKOVA R. , KOZEVNIKOVOVA R. , RAUS K.
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present study was to introduce methods for exome sequencing of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCC8 and ABCD2 recently suggested to play a putative role in breast cancer progression and prognosis of patients. We performed next generation sequencing targeted at analysis of all exons in ABCC8 and ABCD2 genes and surrounding noncoding sequences in blood DNA samples from 24 patients with breast cancer. The revealed alterations were characterized by in silico tools. We then compared the most frequent functionally relevant polymorphism rs757110 in ABCC8 with clinical data of patients. In total, the study identified 113 genetic alterations (>70 % novel ones) in both genes. Of these alterations, 83 were noncoding, 13 synonymous, 10 frameshifts and 7 were missense alterations. Four in silico programs predicted pathogenicity of two polymorphisms and four newly identified alterations. Rs757110 polymorphism in ABCC8 did not significantly associate with clinical data of the patients. In conclusion, exome sequencing identified several functionally relevant alterations in ABCC8 and ABCD2 genes that may further be used for a larger follow-up study aiming to assess their clinical significance.
Contribution of ABCB1 and CYP2D6 Genotypes to the Outcome of Tamoxifen Adjuvant Treatment in Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: ARGALÁCSOVÁ S. , SLANAŘ O. , VÍTEK P. , TESAŘOVÁ P. , BAKHOUCHE H. , DRAŽĎÁKOVÁ M. , BARTOŠOVÁ O. , ZIMA T. , PERTUŽELKA L.
Published: April 2020

Recent pre-clinical evidence suggests that the active metabolite of tamoxifen, endoxifen, is a substrate for efflux pump P-glycoprotein. The aim of our study was to evaluate, if the polymoprhisms within ABCB1 gene alter tamoxifen adjuvant treatment efficacy in premenopausal women. Totally 71 premenopausal women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer indicated for tamoxifen adjuvant treatment were followed retrospectively for median period of 56 months. The gentic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and ABCB1 were analyzed and potential covariates as tumor grading, staging, age at the diagnosis, comedication, quantitative positivity of ER or PR were also evaluated. Cox proportional-hazards regression model indicated that patients carrying at least one variant allele in ABCB1 rs1045642 had significantly longer time to event survival compared to wild type subjects. Non-significant trend was noted for better treatment outcome of patients carrying at least one variant allele in the SNP rs2032582, while for the CYP2D6 polymorphism poor metabolizer phenotype resulted in worse outcome in comparison to extensive metabolizers subjects with HR of 4.04 (95 % CI 0.31-52.19). Similarly, patients using CYP2D6 inhibitors had non-significantly shorter time-to-event as compared to never users resulting in hazard ratio of 2.06 (95 % CI 0.40-10.63). ABCB1 polymorphisms may affect outcome of tamoxifen adjuvant treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patiens. This factor should be taken into account in addition to the CYP2D6 polymorphism or phenotypic inhibition of CYP2D6 activity.
The Unmarriageables: Why the Name is Essential to Denote the Scheduled Castes?
Authors: Siddharthar Karl M.
Published: April 2020

What the Book is about? To dispel all the needless interpretations and confusions about the Caste and to compel all the Scholars, Academicians, Legislators, Politicians and even the Masses not to deviate themselves from the precise definition of Caste in the matters of Annihilation of Caste, Emancipation of Depressed Classes, Reservation etc. is what this Book aims to achieve. The concept of 'Unmarriageability' and the nomenclature of 'Unmarriageables' introduced in this Book is merely an extended reinterpretation of Dr.Ambedkar's finding in his Doctoral Thesis that Caste is nothing but the Mechanism of Endogamy. Hence, it became inevitable that the first chapter introduce the readers to the writings and speeches of Dr.Ambedkar for the better understanding about Caste and Untouchability- the premises based on which the entire Book is constructed. Proceeding from here, the rest of the chapters are in fact series of arguments built one over the other to expose the existence of stigma of Unmarriageability, its significance in sustaining Caste and the need to annihilate it in order to annihilate Caste. Whistle blowing the stigma of Unmarriageability is intended to dismantle the foundation of Caste system and also is a strategic spearhead to question the general conscience of this society and simultaneously safeguarding the principles of Social Justice, the aspects of which is dealt in the last two chapters.
Imagined Community of Radio
Authors: Ali Rashid
Published: April 2020

The research paper problematises the very idea of community Radio’ as ‘participatory communicative tool.’ It uses Michel Certeau’s concept of ‘Strategy’ to understand the very evolution of Community Media in India since the setting of communicative strategy by state body polity to ameliorate the socio-economic conditions of the society. This theoretical perspective posits ‘participatory communication’ as linear, hierarchic and sedentary which is self-aggregating and creates a community of spectacle. The paper focuses on the tripartite division of community in the mediatised realm. The first division exists in the relationship between ordinary life and a specialist (Mainly civil society and NGOs). The second division looks at community as a hoodwinked entity in the wake of proxy ownership (often by politicians, bureaucrats and Armed Forces) of CR stations.  The third division exists in the semantics of the programme production and its receptivity by the ‘community.’ Through different case studies Community Radio Stations, the paper argues that ‘strategy’ is self-referential and poses a serious threat to everyday practice of life. However, it recommends that strategy as a statist tool should be replaced with tactics (Opposition of Strategy) which is in contradistinction with the idea of strategy.