bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IUPAC Engagement in the Instrumental Revolution
Authors: Reinhardt Carsten
Published: June 2019

In the second half of the Twentieth Century, the chemical and molecular sciences experienced a deep transformation with regard to the types of research instruments used, and the associated methods involved. Historians have coined this development the Instrumental Revolution, and even described it as the Second Chemical Revolution [1]. With the latter notion, they referred to the First Chemical Revolution of the late eighteenth century, when Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and his allies transformed chemistry’s theoretical framework along with its nomenclature, creating modern chemistry. The “second” chemical revolution of the twentieth century had an equally deep impact on chemistry’s theoretical base, linking chemistry to quantum physics, and expanding its range into the life sciences and technologies, the material sciences, and engineering. However, the related changes in terminology and nomenclature have largely escaped the historian’s attention, and this might explain why IUPAC’s role in the Instrumental Revolution has not been investigated in any detail. In the following, I will first briefly describe the Instrumental Revolution, and its main impact on chemistry and related fields, before sketching IUPAC’s role in facilitating and enhancing it [2].
Women’s Increasing Responsibilities in IUPAC since 1975
Authors: Moreau Nicole
Published: June 2019

IUPAC was founded in 1919, but it was in 1911 that the International Association of Chemical Societies, IACS, considered as the precursor of the Union, was created. A look at the picture of the third meeting of IACS, held in 1913 in Brussels [1], makes obvious the absence of any woman—and the quasi-absence of any man without a beard or a moustache! A look at the population of women in IUPAC fifty years later showed the same situation, although by then beards and moustaches had lost ground. A thorough examination of the composition of IUPAC’s Divisions and Committees reveals a few women members before 1975 [2]. In the 70s and early 80s, the presence of a few women become noticeable. The names of these women, with their position and years of membership are tabulated here in chronological order by their initial membership on Divisions or Committees. Until 1990, all women are included in the table. From 1990 to 2010, only those with Titular Member (TM) status are listed, and after 2010 only those involved in the Bureau (BU), either as division president (DP), standing committee chair (SCC), or elected member (EM) and officer.
Contact metric manifolds with large automorphism group and (κ, µ)-spaces
Authors: Lotta Antonio
Published: June 2019

We discuss the classifiation of simply connected, complete (κ, µ)-spaces from the point of view of homogeneous spaces. In particular, we exhibit new models of (κ, µ)-spaces having Boeckx invariant -1. Finally, we prove that the number ${{(n + 1)(n + 2)} \over 2}$ is the maximum dimension of the automorphism group of a contact metric manifold of dimension 2n +1, n ≥ 2, whose symmetric operator h has rank at least 3 at some point; if this dimension is attained, and the dimension of the manifold is not 7, it must be a (κ, µ)-space. The same conclusion holds also in dimension 7 provided the almost CR structure of the contact metric manifold under consideration is integrable.
Cardinality of generating sets for operations from the Post lattice classes
Authors: Komkov Stepan A.
Published: June 2019

We obtain precise values of cardinality of minimal generating sets for all Cartesian products of two-element set with respect to an arbitrary set of Boolean operations from the central part of the Post lattice. For the case of sets containing operations from the remaining classes of the Post lattice we obtain cardinality estimations that are accurate up to one.
Application of microstructure classification for the assessment of the variability of geological-engineering and pore space properties in clay soils
Authors: Trzciński Jerzy , Wójcik Emilia
Published: June 2019

The performed investigations were focused on analysing the variability of geological-engineering properties in clay soils from central-eastern Europe with regard to microstructures. Thirty-nine soils differing in origin, lithology and microstructure type were selected for analysis. Results of studies on lithological and physical and mechanical parameters were analysed, coupled with quantitative microstructural parameters based on microstructure images. The relationships between lithological, physical and mechanical and pore space parameters were determined with regard to microstructure types. Sediment origin and diagenesis, and soil microstructure and pore space parameters had influence on the geological-engineering properties. Such approach allows for predicting engineering parameters based on soil microstructure types and their pore space parameters.
Influence of hemicellulose content ofEucalyptusandPinusfibers on the grinding process for obtaining cellulose micro/nanofibrils
Authors: Dias Matheus Cordazzo , Mendonça Maressa Carvalho , Damásio Renato A.P. , Zidanes Uasmim Lira , Mori Fábio Akira , Ferreira Saulo Rocha , Tonoli Gustavo H.D.
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of the hemicellulose content of commercial bleached pulps on the ease of mechanical fibrillation and on its energy consumption (EC). NaOH in concentrations of 5% with 2 h of reaction, and 10% with 1 and 2 h of reaction, was evaluated for the partial removal of hemicelluloses. Pulp fibrillation was influenced by hemicellulose removal, being less fibrillated when excessive removal occurred (in the range of 4–8.5%). Hemicellulose content in the range of 9–13% increased the water retention value (WRV) and led to nanofibrils with smaller diameter, while a stronger alkali concentration reduced the WRV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that reaction time was a determining factor for the crystallinity of the samples and partial conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II in pretreatments with NaOH 10% (1 and 2 h), and was a factor that may also damage the fibrillation process. Pre-treatment with NaOH 5% for 2 h promoted energy savings for both pulps. This work demonstrated that hemicellulose content has a considerable influence on the mechanical fibrillation and is a key aspect of the balance between efficient fibrillation and the energy required for that.
Problematic internet use: a cross-sectional study on a model from university students in Egypt
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Saif Shimaa Abo , Ramadan Asmaa , Rashed Taha , Ahmed Shrouk , Taha Mohamed
Published: June 2019

Background

Problematic Internet use in the form of excessive Internet use, excessive social network sites (SNSs) use, and compulsive Internet use (CIU) has been increasing among young adults. However, the association between excessive Internet and SNSs use and CIU have not yet been confirmed. This study aimed to investigate this association and detect the risk factors of excessive Internet use, excessive SNSs use, and CIU among university students in Egypt.

Subjects and methods

A multi-stage random sampling approach was adopted to include university students representing medical and non-medical faculties from 3 universities in Egypt. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) was used to measure the online addictive behaviors of students.

Results

The age of the 510 participating students was 20.84 ± 1.62 years, 28.2% were males, 36.9% were living in North Egypt, and 69.4% were registered in medical faculties. After adjustment for age, sex, residence, SNSs accounts, Internet payments, and academic gradings, having Sarahah account associated with excessive Internet use (p = 0.010), excessive SNSs use (p < 0.001), and CIU (p < 0.001) while having Instagram account associated with excessive Internet use (p = 0.019) only. CIU correlated positively with daily hours of Internet use (r = 0.303, p < 0.001) and daily hours of SNSs use (r = 0.356, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Excessive Internet use and excessive SNSs use are associated with CIU. Having Sarahah account is related to excessive Internet use, excessive SNSs use, and CIU.
The German Minimum Wage: Effects on Productivity, Profitability, and Investments
Authors: Bossler Mario , Gürtzgen Nicole , Lochner Benjamin , Betzl Ute , Feist Lisa
Published: June 2019

In this article, we analyze the effects of the introduction of the German minimum wage using difference-in-differences estimations applied to the IAB Establishment Panel. The treatment effects on the treated establishments show a significant increase in personnel costs. When we analyze the effects of the minimum wage on the net sales of intermediates, we observe a reduction, which is fully explained by the increase in wage costs induced by the minimum wage. The results do not point to effects on establishment-level productivity or capital investments. Looking at investments in human capital, we do not observe any effects on apprenticeship offers or the placement of apprentices. If anything, the results point at a slight reduction in the provision of further training.
Clifford theory of Weil representations of unitary groups
Authors: Shau Moumita , Szechtman Fernando
Published: June 2019

Let

𝒪

{\mathcal{O}}

be an involutive discrete valuation ring with residue field of characteristic not 2.
Let A be a quotient of

𝒪

{\mathcal{O}}

by a nonzero power of its maximal ideal, and let

*

{*}

be the involution that A inherits from

𝒪

{\mathcal{O}}

.
We consider various unitary groups

𝒰
m

⁢

(
A
)

{\mathcal{U}_{m}(A)}

of rank m over A, depending on the nature of

*

{*}

and the equivalence type of the underlying hermitian or skew hermitian form.
Each group

𝒰
m

⁢

(
A
)

{\mathcal{U}_{m}(A)}

gives rise to a Weil representation.
In this paper, we give a Clifford theory description of all irreducible components of the Weil representation of

𝒰
m

⁢

(
A
)

{\mathcal{U}_{m}(A)}

with respect to all of its abelian congruence subgroups and a third of its nonabelian congruence subgroups.
Using a Markov decision process to model the value of the sacrifice bunt
Authors: Hirotsu Nobuyoshi , Bickel J. Eric
Published: June 2019

We use a Markov decision process to model the value of the sacrifice bunt. Specifically, we consider a nine-inning baseball game with non-identical batters and compute the degree to which sacrificing increases the probability of winning the game. We populate our model using data covering the National League of Major League Baseball, and demonstrate the importance of using the probability of winning the game when analyzing the value of the sacrifice bunt. We show how and why the criterion of maximizing the probability of winning is superior to that of maximizing the expected number of runs scored or the probability of scoring at least one run in the half inning. Our model enables us to investigate situations that are not possible to investigate using earlier models, and find that the sacrifice bunt is more beneficial than previously thought. We also discuss the effect sizes of individual sacrifice bunts, and the effect of model simplifications on runner advancement or ignoring double plays.
Crystal structure of bis[(μ3-oxido)-(μ2-(N,N-diisopropylthiocarbamoylthio) acetato-κ2
O,O′)-((N,N-diisopropylthiocarbamoylthio)acetato-κO)-bis(di-4-methylbenzyl-tin(IV))], C100H136N4O10S8Sn4
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: June 2019

C100H136N4O10S8Sn4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 13.7756(4) Å, b = 13.9663(5) Å, c = 16.6392(5) Å, α = 71.501(2)°, β = 73.952(2)°, γ = 63.180(2)°, V = 2675.49(16) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0383, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1209, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2,3-dichloro-6-methoxyquinoxaline, C9H6Cl2N2O
Authors: Yang Zhi-Hai , Guo Zi-Yin , Shao Jia-Xin , Peng Shi-Yong , Zhu Zhong-Zhi , Chen Xiu-Wen
Published: June 2019

C9H6Cl2N2O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.597(6) Å, b = 3.9346(16) Å, c = 15.614(6) Å, β = 101.834(4)°, V = 937.8(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0360, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1019, T = 296(2) K.
Contribution of non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions to the honey oligosaccharides origin and diversity
Authors: Silva Soraia P. , Moreira Ana S. P. , Domingues Maria do Rosário M. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Coelho Elisabete , Coimbra Manuel A.
Published: June 2019

Non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions are known to occur under high sugar concentrations, high temperatures, low moisture environments and acidic conditions. Although honey is not a thermally processed food, its high sugars concentration under an acidic and low moisture environment for prolonged periods of time may also promote these reactions. To test this hypothesis six model solutions containing combinations of sucrose and glucose or fructose, prepared with water and diluted citric acid at pH 4.0 and 2.0, were incubated at 35 °C during up to 5 months, similar to the honey under hive conditions. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) allowed to observe polymerization products soon after their incubation. After 5 months, a degree of polymerization of 6 was detected, similarly to the honey samples used for comparison. Maltose, isomaltose, inulobiose, sophorose, gentiobiose, 1-kestose and panose were detected in both model solutions and honey samples, showing that non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions also contribute to oligosaccharides origin and diversity in honey.
La planificación estratégica de la comunicación en la era digital. Los casos de estudio de Wallapop, Westwing y Fotocasa
Authors: Coll Rubio Patricia , Micó Josep Lluís
Published: June 2019

Las estrategias comunicativas, especialmente en la nueva economía, evolucionan de forma cada vez más acelerada, para adaptarse al complejo y cambiante escenario de la interconectada sociedad red.Partiendo de la hipótesis de la existencia de un planteamiento de la estrategia de comunicación 360º, heredero del enfoque propio de la comunicación integrada de marketing, el artículo describe las estrategias de comunicación de tres marcas nativas digitales de referencia en Barcelona, sede del Mobile World Congress, donde se ha desarrollado un contexto interconectado de startups y marcas nativas digitales.Los resultados de esta investigación provienen de tres casos de estudio (Wallapop, Westwing y Fotocasa), que muestran que su planificación estratégica consta de cuatro fases (investigación, planificación, ejecución y evaluación), coincidentes con el modelo RACE de Marston. La estrategia comunicativa que constatan estos casos de estudio pone el foco en el corto plazo, con una perspectiva growth hacker, característica del ecosistema startup, que aprovecha las sinergias entre acciones de publicidad y relaciones públicas. Para llevarlas a cabo estas accciones de comunicación, las marcas nativas digitales buscan sinergias entre acciones, utilizando todas las herramientas de investigación y medición a su alcance, que les permiten experimentar de forma controlada y tomar decisiones basadas en datos, en un proceso de aprendizaje continuo.
Cool Season Small Hail over the West Coast of the United States: Environments, Hazards, and Decision Support
Authors: Garner Jonathan , Iwasko William , Kidwell Matthew , Rogacheski Karleisa , Aylward Ryan , Anderson Jason
Published: June 2019

National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters across the west coast of the United States often deal with cool season hail showers that produce hazardous driving conditions. These small hail events, with diameters averaging 5.8 mm, occur with cold upper troughs that support weak instability favorable for low-topped convection and reflectivity values averaging 48 dBZ. The public generally assumes that heavy snow is common across west coast mountains, while heavy rain prevails near sea level. However, motorists can be caught offguard when wet, relatively warm low elevation roadways suddenly transition to icy hail-covered conditions. Thus, west coast small hail events represent an opportunity for the NWS to provide tailored messaging that can modify public perceptions and optimize outcomes. This research examines environments supportive of accumulating small hail over the western United States during the period 2008–2018, and supplements the environmental analysis with a summary of enhanced impact-based decision support techniques used to alert NWS partners and the general public.
From the Ground Up
Authors: Doering Laura B. , Liu Christopher C.
Published: June 2019

Self-employment is an important component of many development strategies aiming to enhance earnings and employment among low-income populations. However, women tend to earn less than men through self-employment, calling into question the effectiveness of self-employment as a tool for bolstering women's earnings. In this paper, we identify a novel intervention that boosts women's returns from self-employment and narrows the gender earnings gap in an informal, residential market. We argue that micro-spatial resources offer gender-specific advantages to female business owners. We show how gendered constraints on women's labor market activity intersect with spatial resources to influence their likelihood of running a business and their self-employment earnings. Using data from a Colombian public housing complex, we find that the randomly assigned location of a resident's apartment significantly influences women's business activity, but not men's. Women who run informal, home-based businesses from favorable locations earn more than twice as much as comparable women, narrowing the gender earnings gap by 58.5% and earning an income that lifts them above the poverty line. This study offers a new perspective on how gender and micro-geography intersect to shape self-employment. More broadly, it reveals how an important but often-overlooked factor, micro-spatial variation, influences economic development.
Fragmentation of Pooled PCR Products for Highly Multiplexed TILLING
Authors: Tramontano Andrea , Jarc Luka , Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna , Hofinger Bernhard J , Gajek Katarzyna , Szurman-Zubrzycka Miriam , Szarejko Iwona , Ingelbrecht Ivan , Till Bradley J
Published: June 2019

Improvements to massively parallel sequencing have allowed the routine recovery of natural and induced sequence variants. A broad range of biological disciplines have benefited from this, ranging from plant breeding to cancer research. The need for high sequence coverage to accurately recover single nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions limits the applicability of whole genome approaches. This is especially true in organisms with a large genome size or for applications requiring the screening of thousands of individuals, such as the reverse-genetic technique known as TILLING. Using PCR to target and sequence chosen genomic regions provides an attractive alternative as the vast reduction in interrogated bases means that sample size can be dramatically increased through amplicon multiplexing and multi-dimensional sample pooling while maintaining suitable coverage for recovery of small mutations. Direct sequencing of PCR products is limited, however, due to limitations in read lengths of many next generation sequencers. In the present study we show the optimization and use of ultrasonication for the simultaneous fragmentation of multiplexed PCR amplicons for TILLING highly pooled samples. Sequencing performance was evaluated in a total of 32 pooled PCR products produced from 4096 chemically mutagenized Hordeum vulgare DNAs pooled in three dimensions. Evaluation of read coverage and base quality across amplicons suggests this approach is suitable for high-throughput TILLING and other applications employing highly pooled complex sampling schemes. Induced mutations previously identified in a traditional TILLING screen were recovered in this dataset further supporting the efficacy of the approach.
Superloser: A Plasmid Shuffling Vector for Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Exceedingly Low Background
Authors: Haase Max A B , Truong David M , Boeke Jef D
Published: June 2019

Here we report a new plasmid shuffle vector for forcing budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to incorporate a new genetic pathway in place of a native pathway – even an essential one – while maintaining low false positive rates (less than 1 in 108 per cell). This plasmid, dubbed “Superloser,” was designed with reduced sequence similarity to commonly used yeast plasmids (i.e., pRS400 series) to limit recombination, a process that in our experience leads to retention of the yeast gene(s) instead of the desired gene(s). In addition, Superloser utilizes two orthogonal copies of the counter-selectable marker URA3 to reduce spontaneous 5-fluoroorotic acid resistance. Finally, the CEN/ARS sequence is fused to the GAL1-10 promoter, which disrupts plasmid segregation in the presence of the sugar galactose, causing Superloser to rapidly be removed from a population of cells. We show one proof-of-concept shuffling experiment: swapping yeast’s core histones out for their human counterparts. Superloser is especially useful for forcing yeast to use highly unfavorable genes, such as human histones, as it enables plating a large number of cells (1.4x109) on a single 10 cm petri dish while maintaining a very low background. Therefore, Superloser is a useful tool for yeast geneticists to effectively shuffle low viability genes and/or pathways in yeast that may arise in as few as 1 in 108 cells.
Specifics of boglands freezing in the north and northwest of the European part of Russia under climate change
Authors: Batuev V. I. , Kalyuzhny I. L.
Published: June 2019

Long-term complex observations covering the period of 1949–2018 made possible to determine the average annual characteristics of the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and Northwest of the European territory of Russia together with main factors of its formation, and spatial and temporal variability. The main factors that determine the depth of freezing of wetlands are ambient temperature, snow cover thickness, and a degree of watering of the micro landscape (water reserves of the micro landscape). At the initial stage of freezing, the major factor is the ambient temperature, when intensity of the freezing reaches 0.5–0.8 cm/day. As snow falls, the freezing rate becomes smaller, and when the snow cover thickness reaches 25–30 cm the depth amounts to 0.2–0.3 cm/day and smaller. It was found that the spatial variability of the freezing depth decreases from large values of the coefficient of variation (0.3–0.4) at the depth of 20–30 cm to less than 0.1 when the depth exceeds 60 cm. The largest values of the depth are recorded in the North of the Kola Peninsula, where sometimes they reach from 84 to 97 cm with the average values of 48–66. In large hummocky bogs, when the seasonal freezing comes down to 63–65 cm it links with the permafrost layer. On average, swamps of these bogs freeze down to a depth of 68 cm. The average climatic depth of freezing of oligotrophic bogs of the NorthWest is 21–24 cm; in some years, freezing of them reaches 32–40 cm. It has been shown that the relative warming of the climate resulted in decreasing in the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia. Relative to the previous climatic period, the depth of frost penetration in the northern Ilasskoye bog decreased by 32%, and in north-western Lammin-Suo bog – by 31%.
Disturbed Stratification in Late Pleistocene Sediments of the Khibiny Pluton (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Gorbatov E.S. , Kolesnikov S.F. , Sorokin A.A.
Published: June 2019

—The paper presents a description of three Late Pleistocene sections within the Khibiny pluton, outcropping on the proximal slope of the Kukisvum morainic ridge, a fluvioglacial terrain in the valley of the Kukisiok River, and a glacial complex in the valley of the Vuonnemiok River. Various small disturbances of the primary stratification were found in the first two sections. These structures do not form horizons sustained along the strike and are associated with the top of sand–silt sediments with horizontal or wavy bedding of shallow lacustrine genesis. They form small wavy bends, ‘tongues”, ovoids, and flexural microfolds that could not be preserved at the bottom of the basin and, consequently, formed after overlapping deposits accumulation. Analysis of the cross bedding of the coarse clastic deposits of the fluvioglacial terrace has allowed us to relate its formation to north-to-south glacial water discharge along the trough valley of the Kukisiok River. In the glaciolacustrine varve clays of the third section (the Koashva open pit), extended horizons of plicative disturbances 0.5–2 m in thickness and 300 m in length were studied. The soft-sediment deformations are covered with an unstructured horizon composed of coarse grains dispersed in sand–silt matrix, which means that the deformation was caused by either a glacial flood or a mudflow. The study has revealed no signs of seismic liquefaction during the formation of the folded structures.

The relevance of the performed study is determined by the fact that it has become possible not only to clarify the formation conditions of the Quaternary Khibiny deposits but also to develop the objective criteria for determination of the soft-sediment deformation structures associated with thixotropic effects in weakly consolidated sediments. Similar structures are sometimes regarded as seismic convolutions, which can lead to unjustified overestimation of the regional seismic hazard level.
The Equilibrium of Clay Minerals with Aqueous Solutions in Soils
Authors: Shoba V.N. , Chudnenko K.V.
Published: June 2019

—The paper presents a study into the total chemical and mineralogical compositions of fine colloids (fraction <0.08 μm) in the upper horizons of soils of contrasting compositions and properties. Based on the analytical data, the crystallochemical formulas of clay minerals with a 2:1 structure have been calculated, and the chemical potentials of independent components and the activity coefficients of the main end-members have been determined. Using the Selector software, the equilibrium phase-multicomponent composition of soils has been obtained, and the similarity and difference in the crystal chemistry of 2:1 clay minerals produced by two different methods are shown. The calculated Gibbs energy values of these minerals are close to the calorimetric data for smectites. It is demonstrated that the contents of typical elements in 2:1 clay minerals reflect the genetic properties of soils. In soils of alkaline series (Solonetz), such minerals are relatively enriched in sodium and magnesium; in soils of acidic series (Podzoluvisols and Cambisols), in hydrogen and iron; and in soils of the neutral series (Chernozems, Arenosols, and Umbric Gleysols), in calcium.
Stability of Zircon in the System MgO–SiO2–H2O at 2.5 GPa
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Chepurov A.I. , Sonin V.M. , Zhimulev E.I.
Published: June 2019

—We report preliminary experimental data on the interaction of zircon with the peridotitic assemblage olivine + serpentine at 2.5 GPa and 1400 °C. In these conditions, zircon is unstable and decomposes with the formation of baddeleyite. Therefore, it is unlikely that zircon could survive in ultramafic rocks for a long time in the presence of a fluid phase at high temperatures. Thus, rigorous constraints on boundary conditions are required for the use of zircon in the dating of high-temperature geologic processes.
Anwendungsschwierigkeiten mit den Eingriffsbefugnissen der Short Selling Regulation (SSR)
Authors: Sieder Sebastian
Published: June 2019

Die Leerverkaufsverordnung (Short Selling Regulation, SSR) enthält neben den dauerhaften Verpflichtungen der Marktteilnehmer situative Eingriffsbefugnisse der jeweils zuständigen (nationalen) Behörden und der ESMA. Dabei enthält Art. 23 SSR eine „Befugnis zur befristeten Beschränkung des Leerverkaufs von Finanzinstrumenten bei signifikantem Kursverfall“. Diese sog. Circuit-Breaker-Regelung ermöglicht es den nationalen Aufsichtsbehörden, ab einer festgelegten Kursverlustschwelle, Leerverkäufe des betroffenen Finanzinstruments zu beschränken oder zu verbieten. Ende 2017 wurde in einem ESMA-Final Report (Technical Advice on the evaluation of certain elements of the Short Selling Regulation) sowohl von der ESMA als auch von den Marktteilnehmern Kritik an Art. 23 SSR geäußert. Die Schwächen des SSR-Circuit-Breaker liegen insbesondere im Tatbestand selbst und in dessen mangelhafter wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Fundierung begründet. Mülbert weist zu Recht darauf hin, dass Art. 23 SSR eine Schlüsselrolle bei der aufsichtsrechtlichen Handhabung von Short-Seller-Attacken, wie sie sich in den letzten Jahren bei Wirecard, Ströer, Aurelius und ProSiebenSat.1 ereignet haben, zukommen könnte. Bezüglich Wirecard hat im Februar 2019 die BaFin-Allgemeinverfügung, mit der die Begründung/Vergrößerung von Netto-Leerverkaufspositionen in Wirecard-Aktien verboten wurde, für Aufsehen gesorgt. Diesbezüglich wird die BaFin-Anwendung des Art. 20 SSR analysiert. Abschließend wird untersucht, wie ein sinnvoller Leerverkaufs-Circuit-Breaker angewendet werden sollte und wie dieser, auch unter rechtsvergleichenden Gesichtspunkten, de lege ferenda effizient ausgestaltet werden sollte.
Volume 5 – Número 1
Authors: De los Santos Eduarda Abrahão
Published: June 2019

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The framing of China on Spanish television
Authors: Rodríguez-Wangüemert Carmen Universidad de La Laguna , Rodríguez-Breijo Vanessa Universidad de La Laguna , Pestano-Rodríguez José-Manuel Universidad de La Laguna
Published: June 2019

The media participates in the creation and reinforcement of mental models, through which people interpret social realities, especially those that are distant and unknown. News making involves the use of certain frames that highlight some aspects of the information and downplay or silence other elements. In this context, the objective of this article is to analyse how China is portrayed on the Spanish news, and identify the organising ideas and value judgments that are used in the frames used in this process. Based on the application of the content analysis technique, the results show that the portrayal of China, its institutions and citizens, on television is carried out through four main frames: “Capacity, potential, development;” “Gloom, shadow and darkness;” “Dangerous environment” and “Exotic organisation.” From the Western perspective, Chinese economic growth is accepted, but at the same time China is presented as a problematic country in which natural disasters, accidents, and criminal acts abound, highlighting its systemic political deficiencies and systemic deficiencies. This mostly negative image of China does not correspond with its current and historical relationship with Spain, nor with the relevant position that this emerging power has reached on a global scale.
From passive consumption of media goods to active use of media brands: on value generation and other differences
Authors: Sparviero Sergio University of Salzburg
Published: June 2019

Analyses of business models and media consumption within the traditions of media economics and media management explicitly –but mostly implicitly– rely on the representation of a media consumer that rationally pursues the maximisation of utility. Such concept provides the basis for the generalised understanding of the passive consumer of media goods, motivated by subjective wants, needs and preferences. Yet, the digitalisation of media production and distribution has fundamentally changed consumers, producers and their relationship. Users of digital media platforms select, purchase or attend the output of media providers, and leave traces of their digital activities for marketers and advertisers. In addition, they supply content, rate, comment, and share or promote among their network the offers of media providers. The increasing variety of media providers are better understood as brands proposing different value generating activities rather than substitute products at different prices. Critically and by drawing from literature from a variety of research traditions, including political economy of communication, sociology, philosophy and marketing, this theoretical paper discusses the features of the active user of media brands, the hypothetical recipient of the business models of digital media services such as YouTube, Google, Netflix, Amazon Video or Facebook. It is argued that practical knowledge, affect, different types of gratifications and universal values, which are guiding principles for a better life, should be taken into account
Infusing High Value Care Education Directly into Patient Care on the Medicine Wards
Authors: Schulman Jacqueline M. , Palchaudhuri Sonali , Lau Brandyn D. , O'Rourke Paul
Published: June 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Multiple national initiatives have been implemented to promote cost-conscious care. Yet, there remains a deficiency of formal high value care (HVC) curricula among internal medicine residency programs.We aimedto develop a curriculum that teaches HVC material that can be utilized at the point of care and to assess the curriculum's impact on the participants' attitudes, knowledge, and practice patterns pertaining to HVC. Methods: We conducted our study on the inpatient internal medicine service over two-week rotations at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. Internal medicine residentsparticipated in two collaborative educational sessions that incorporated an introduction of important concepts in HVC, Bayesian thinking, clinical cases, and a review of a hospital bill of one of the patients under the team's care. Participants were also encouraged to reflect on their practice patterns and incorporate the HVC principles taught into their daily clinical work. We administered pre- and post-curriculum surveys to assess change in reported HVC-related practice behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: Forty-seven residents participated in the study. We included the twenty participants who completed both a pre- and post-curriculum survey in the data analysis. After participation in the curriculum, there was a significant increase in the use of pre-test probabilities in clinical decision making (p=0.005). There was also a trend toward improvement in HVC knowledge and practice patterns after the rotation. Conclusion: We implemented a curriculum that may have improved high-value practice patterns through point-of-care education on the inpatient medicine wards.
Solução do átomo de hidrogênio usando Supersimetria
Authors: Monteiro João Marcos Costa , Algozini Júnior Airton , Drigo Filho Elso
Published: June 2019

Resumo Nesse trabalho apresentamos a solução da equação de Schrödinger através de uma versão moderna do método de fatorização usando o formalismo da chamada Mecânica Quântica Supersimétrica. O sistema tratado é o átomo de hidrogênio e tanto a parte radial como a angular das coordenadas esféricas são tratadas com a metodologia apresentada. Especial destaque é dado às adequações necessárias a cada uma dessas coordenadas. A abordagem utilizada é geral e pode ser apresentada como alternativa aos métodos tradicionais de solução da equação de Schrödinger como, por exemplo, o método de Frobenius.
A aprendizagem dos clíticos de terceira pessoa do espanhol por universitários brasileiros: o efeito e a durabilidade da intervenção instrucional
Authors: Dutra Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: June 2019

RESUMO Neste estudo, analisamos e discutimos o efeito e a durabilidade da intervenção instrucional na aprendizagem dos clíticos de terceira pessoa do espanhol por universitários brasileiros. Para fins de tratamento estatístico, os dados foram submetidos ao software International Business Machine Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS), a partir do qual fizemos uso de frequência relativa, teste de χ2 e teste de Anova de medidas repetidas. Fizeram parte deste estudo dez participantes, alunas de um curso de Letras Português/Espanhol e Respectivas Literaturas de uma universidade pública. Os resultados, de modo geral, sugeriram que a intervenção pedagógica produziu avanço e efeitos duráveis, respectivamente, das formas simples e complexas que seguem em processo de aquisição entre as alunas participantes.
Questões Raciais para Crianças: resistência e denúncia do não dito
Authors: Motta Flavia , Paula Claudemir de
Published: June 2019

Resumo: Este texto resulta da pesquisa desenvolvida entre 2014 e 2016 numa creche vinculada a uma instituição federal do Rio de Janeiro, que versou sobre os efeitos de uma educação antirracista para a subjetividade das crianças. Partimos da premissa de que as crianças compreendem e reinterpretam o mundo em suas interações por meio da cultura de pares. Com este artigo, por sua vez, objetivamos identificar os aspectos decorrentes do Parecer CNE/CP 003/2004, da Lei 10.639/2003 nas práticas educacionais da educação infantil e discutir como as questões raciais influenciam a vivência das práticas pedagógicas nos espaços educativos voltados à primeira infância. O estudo concluiu que, embora a creche analisada se adeque à legislação ao inserir a temática das relações etnico-raciais como tática para a educação, é necessário ainda a presença de um corpo técnico consciente da temática antirracista.
Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco: Salicaceae e Violaceae
Authors: Nepomuceno Álvaro , Alves Marccus
Published: June 2019

Resumo O presente trabalho é parte da série de monografias taxonômicas das famílias de Angiospermas ocorrentes na Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco. A partir de observações de campo e análise de materiais de herbário foram registradas seis espécies de Salicaceae: Banara guianensis, Casearia arborea, C. hirsuta, C. javitensis, C. selloana e C. sylvestris, e três de Violaceae: Amphirrhox longifolia, Paypayrola blanchetiana e Pombalia calceolaria. Dentre as espécies, Casearia selloana é um novo registro para o estado de Pernambuco. Chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, dados de distribuição geográfica e habitat são apresentados.
Flora do Ceará, Brasil: Solanum (Solanaceae)
Authors: Sampaio Valéria da Silva , Vieira Ingridd Mota Fernandes , Lima Júnior Ednardo Almeida , Loiola Maria Iracema Bezerra
Published: June 2019

Resumo Neste trabalho é apresentado o levantamento dos representantes de Solanum (Solanaceae) como parte do projeto “Flora do Ceará”. Estudos morfológicos, coletas e observações de campo foram realizados. As identificações foram baseadas em bibliografia especializada, complementada pela análise de coleções de herbários nacionais e internacionais, incluindo espécimes-tipo. No Ceará, Solanum está representado por 31 espécies, das quais 26 ocorrem em Unidades de Conservação, e dez táxons são novos registros. Chave de identificação, comentários, ilustrações e imagens das espécies são fornecidas.
Espécies nativas de Hibiscus (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) da Região Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Rigueiral Luccas Henrique Gomes , Gonçalez Victor Martins , Duarte Marília Cristina
Published: June 2019

Resumo Hibiscus é um dos maiores gêneros de Malvaceae, com aproximadamente 300 espécies amplamente distribuídas no mundo. No Brasil, ocorrem 33 espécies nativas (25 endêmicas), principalmente no Cerrado. Diante da carência de estudos em biodiversidade e taxonomia para o gênero em território nacional, o objetivo foi realizar um estudo reunindo informações das espécies autóctones da região sudeste do Brasil, fornecendo chave de identificação, descrições, pranchas fotográficas e mapas de distribuição geográfica. Foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos nos principais bancos de dados, análise de coleções dos herbários, amostragem in loco, estudo morfológico e tratamento taxonômico das espécies. São propostas duas sinonimizações e a inclusão de uma espécie na lista brasileira, reconhecendo 14 espécies nativas para a região sudeste, seis endêmicas. Os hibiscos do Sudeste foram caracterizados como subarbustos a arbustos de até três metros. As espécies habitam áreas paludosas da Mata Atlântica, especialmente nas restinga e nas diversas fitofisionomias de Cerrado.
Schizophrenia TreAtment with electRic Transcranial Stimulation (STARTS): design, rationale and objectives of a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial
Authors: Valiengo Leandro , Gordon Pedro Caldana , de Carvalho Juliana Barbosa , Rios Rosa Maria , Koebe Stephanie , Serpa Mauricio Henrique , van de Bilt Martinus , Lacerda Acioly , Elkis Helio , Gattaz Wagner Farid , Brunoni André Russowsky
Published: June 2019

Abstract Introduction Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder. While some antipsychotic medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating positive symptoms, there is no widely recognized treatment for negative symptoms, which can cause significant distress and impairment for patients with schizophrenia. Here we describe the rationale and design of the STARTS study (Schizophrenia TreAtment with electRic Transcranial Stimulation), a clinical trial aimed to test the efficacy of a non-pharmacological treatment known as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia Methods The STARTS study is designed as a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial evaluating tDCS for the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. One-hundred patients will be enrolled and submitted to 10 tDCS sessions over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (anodal stimulation) and left temporoparietal junction (cathodal stimulation) over 5 consecutive days. Participants will be assessed using clinical and neuropsychological tests before and after the intervention. The primary outcome is change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative subscale score over time and across groups. Biological markers, including blood neurotrophins and interleukins, genetic polymorphisms, and motor cortical excitability, will also be assessed. Results The clinical results will provide insights about tDCS as a treatment for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and the biomarker investigation will contribute towards an improved understanding of the tDCS mechanisms of action. Conclusion Our results could introduce a novel therapeutic technique for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02535676 .
Radiofrequency Ablation and Microwave Ablation in Liver Tumors: An Update
Authors: Izzo Francesco , Granata Vincenza , Grassi Roberto , Fusco Roberta , Palaia Raffaele , Delrio Paolo , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Azoulay Daniel , Petrillo Antonella , Curley Steven A
Published: June 2019

This article provides an overview of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) for treatment of primary liver tumors and hepatic metastasis. Only studies reporting RFA and MWA safety and efficacy on liver were retained. We found 40 clinical studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria. RFA has become an established treatment modality because of its efficacy, reproducibility, low complication rates, and availability. MWA has several advantages over RFA, which may make it more attractive to treat hepatic tumors. According to the literature, the overall survival, local recurrence, complication rates, disease-free survival, and mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with RFA vary between 53.2 ± 3.0 months and 66 months, between 59.8% and 63.1%, between 2% and 10.5%, between 22.0 ± 2.6 months and 39 months, and between 0% and 1.2%, respectively. According to the literature, overall survival, local recurrence, complication rates, disease-free survival, and mortality in patients with HCC treated with MWA (compared with RFA) vary between 22 months for focal lesion >3 cm (vs. 21 months) and 50 months for focal lesion ≤3 cm (vs. 27 months), between 5% (vs. 46.6%) and 17.8% (vs. 18.2%), between 2.2% (vs. 0%) and 61.5% (vs. 45.4%), between 14 months (vs. 10.5 months) and 22 months (vs. no data reported), and between 0% (vs. 0%) and 15% (vs. 36%), respectively. According to the literature, the overall survival, local recurrence, complication rates, and mortality in liver metastases patients treated with RFA (vs. MWA) are not statistically different for both the survival times from primary tumor diagnosis and survival times from ablation, between 10% (vs. 6%) and 35.7% (vs. 39.6), between 1.1% (vs. 3.1%) and 24% (vs. 27%), and between 0% (vs. 0%) and 2% (vs. 0.3%). MWA should be considered the technique of choice in selected patients, when the tumor is ≥3 cm in diameter or is close to large vessels, independent of its size.

Implications for Practice

Although technical features of the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are similar, the differences arise from the physical phenomenon used to generate heat. RFA has become an established treatment modality because of its efficacy, reproducibility, low complication rates, and availability. MWA has several advantages over RFA, which may make it more attractive than RFA to treat hepatic tumors. The benefits of MWA are an improved convection profile, higher constant intratumoral temperatures, faster ablation times, and the ability to use multiple probes to treat multiple lesions simultaneously. MWA should be considered the technique of choice when the tumor is ≥3 cm in diameter or is close to large vessels, independent of its size.
Adding solid fertilisers to soil in pot experiments v1
Authors: LE Imakumbili Matema
Published: June 2019

This protocol describes how rates of granular/dry fertiliser can be calculated and added to soil in pot experiments before planting.
Transformation of Diplonema papillatum using V5+NeoR construct v1
Authors: Kaur Binnypreet , Faktorova Drahomira , Lukes Group Julius
Published: June 2019

p57-V5+NeoR plasmid contains V5-tagged aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase gene (APT; conferring resistance to neomycin) flanked by partial regulatory sequences derived from the hexokinase gene of the kinetoplastid Blastocrithidia (strain p57). Plasmid GenBank accession number = MN047315
(Re) pensar el federalismo fiscal: un estudio de las facultades del congreso de la nación Argentina para eximir el pago de tributos
Authors: Rezzoagli Luciano
Published: June 2019

El objetivo central de este artículo es determinar la existencia o inexistencia de un verdadero poder autónomo de eximir del pago de tributos a los sujetos beneficiados que disponga el Congreso de la Nación Argentina, respecto a cualquier tributo nacional o subnacional por consideraciones de progreso y desarrollo del país, en función de la disposición constitucional que establece a este respecto el artículo 75 inciso 18. En este estudio científico de metodología cualitativa, lógico – jurídico y descriptivo – analítico, se replantean las bases mismas del federalismo fiscal y fundamentalmente del poder tributario, otorgando luz a un tema escasamente tratado, pues la construcción doctrinal (ya antigua y generalmente aceptada) no establece bases jurídicas sólidas y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de la Nación Argentina es ambigua, provocando que la falta de coherencia discursiva entre la teoría y la praxis genere confusión e inequidad en el ejercicio del poder tributario de imposición.
Review of contractual obligations in the Civil Code of Ukraine
Authors: V. Kostruba Anatoliy
Published: June 2019

La violación de obligaciones contractuales puede causar consecuencias negativas. Por tanto el trabajo analiza los aspectos teóricos de la terminación de obligaciones contractuales en el Código Civil de Ucrania. El artículo apunta a estudiar los mecanismos de terminación de obligaciones determinando el marco legal para su funcionamiento. El autor se enfoca en una de las formas de terminación de obligación contractual, específicamente en el estatus de cancelación y diferimiento de la transacción legal. Usando funciones normativas y protectoras de la legislación, el autor busca determinar las especificidades de los hechos legales de naturaleza normativa compensatoria. Se establece que las condiciones para la cancelación de una transacción legal pueden ser un mecanismo directo para la terminación de obligaciones contractuales. Una condición para la cancelación puede aplicarse a toda la transacción o a sus partes por separado.