bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasive margin tissue-resident macrophages of high CD163 expression impede responses to T cell-based immunotherapy
Authors: van Elsas Marit J , Labrie Camilla , Etzerodt Anders , Charoentong Pornpimol , van Stigt Thans Jordi J C , Van Hall Thorbald , van der Burg Sjoerd H
Published: March 2023

Background

Primary and secondary resistance is a major hurdle in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in immunotherapy resistance is of pivotal importance to improve therapy outcome.

Method

Here, two mouse models with resistance against therapeutic vaccine-induced tumor regression were studied. Exploration of the tumor microenvironment by high dimensional flow cytometry in combination with therapeuticin vivosettings allowed for the identification of immunological factors driving immunotherapy resistance.

Results

Comparison of the tumor immune infiltrate during early and late regression revealed a change from tumor-rejecting toward tumor-promoting macrophages. In concert, a rapid exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating T cells was observed. Perturbation studies identified a small but discernible CD163himacrophage population, with high expression of several tumor-promoting macrophage markers and a functional anti-inflammatory transcriptome profile, but not other macrophages, to be responsible. In-depth analyses revealed that they localize at the tumor invasive margins and are more resistant to Csf1r inhibition when compared with other macrophages.In vivostudies validated the activity of heme oxygenase-1 as an underlying mechanism of immunotherapy resistance. The transcriptomic profile of CD163himacrophages is highly similar to a human monocyte/macrophage population, indicating that they represent a target to improve immunotherapy efficacy.

Conclusions

In this study, a small population of CD163hitissue-resident macrophages is identified to be responsible for primary and secondary resistance against T-cell-based immunotherapies. While these CD163hiM2 macrophages are resistant to Csf1r-targeted therapies, in-depth characterization and identification of the underlying mechanisms driving immunotherapy resistance allows the specific targeting of this subset of macrophages, thereby creating new opportunities for therapeutic intervention with the aim to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
Metabolic reprogramming via an engineered PGC-1α improves human chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy against solid tumors
Authors: Lontos Konstantinos , Wang Yiyang , Joshi Supriya K , Frisch Andrew T , Watson McLane J , Kumar Alok , Menk Ashley V , Wang Yupeng , Cumberland Rachel , Lohmueller Jason , Carrizosa Esteban , Boyerinas Benjamin , Delgoffe Greg M
Published: March 2023

Background

Cellular immunotherapies for cancer represent a means by which a patient’s immune system can be augmented with high numbers of tumor-specific T cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy involves genetic engineering to ‘redirect’ peripheral T cells to tumor targets, showing remarkable potency in blood cancers. However, due to several resistance mechanisms, CAR-T cell therapies remain ineffective in solid tumors. We and others have shown the tumor microenvironment harbors a distinct metabolic landscape that produces a barrier to immune cell function. Further, altered differentiation of T cells within tumors induces defects in mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in severe cell-intrinsic metabolic deficiencies. While we and others have shown murine T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic cells can be improved through enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, we sought to determine whether human CAR-T cells could be enabled through a metabolic reprogramming approach.

Materials and methods

Anti-EGFR CAR-T cells were infused in NSG mice which bore A549 tumors. The tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed for exhaustion and metabolic deficiencies. Lentiviruses carrying PPAR-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), PGC-1αS571Aand NT-PGC-1α constructs were used to co-transduce T cells with anti-EGFR CAR lentiviruses. We performed metabolic analysis via flow cytometry and Seahorse analysis in vitro as well as RNA sequencing. Finally, we treated therapeutically A549-carrying NSG mice with either PGC-1α or NT-PGC-1α anti-EGFR CAR-T cells. We also analyzed the differences in the tumor-infiltrating CAR-T cells when PGC-1α is co-expressed.

Results

Here, in this study, we show that an inhibition resistant, engineered version of PGC-1α, can metabolically reprogram human CAR-T cells. Transcriptomic profiling of PGC-1α-transduced CAR-T cells showed this approach effectively induced mitochondrial biogenesis, but also upregulated programs associated with effector functions. Treatment of immunodeficient animals bearing human solid tumors with these cells resulted in substantially improved in vivo efficacy. In contrast, a truncated version of PGC-1α, NT-PGC-1α, did not improve the in vivo outcomes.

Conclusions

Our data further support a role for metabolic reprogramming in immunomodulatory treatments and highlight the utility of genes like PGC-1α as attractive candidates to include in cargo along with chimeric receptors or TCRs for cell therapy of solid tumors.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) applications in freshwater fisheries management and conservation in Canada: overview of current challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bernos Thaïs A. , Yates Matthew C. , Docker Margaret F. , Fitzgerald Amy , Hanner Robert , Heath Daniel , Imrit Arshad , Livernois John , Myler Erika , Patel Keta , Sharma Sapna , Young Robert , Mandrak Nicholas E.
Published: March 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring methods have played a significant role in improving fisheries management decisions. Yet, their impact to date has been rather limited in Canada, where eDNA sampling and analyses are only beginning to be used to inform management and conservation decisions, practices, and policies. Studies investigating hurdles to the incorporation of eDNA evidence into fisheries management decisions generally focus on technical challenges (i.e., risks of false-positive and false-negative detections). We set out to identify challenges that eDNA researchers and conservation practitioners must overcome to fully unlock the benefits of eDNA sampling for fish management in the Canadian context. We discuss aspects of the broad and heterogeneous geography, preponderance of regions located far from densely populated areas, complex political landscape, and cultural diversity of Canada that may complicate the design of reliable eDNA monitoring tools or restrict their use if not adequately addressed. To advocate for the wider use of eDNA sampling, we outline a number of action items that would facilitate the broad adoption of eDNA sampling as a monitoring tool at the Canadian scale.
CDF II W-mass anomaly faces first-order electroweak phase transition
Authors: Addazi Andrea , Marcianò Antonino , Morais António P. , Pasechnik Roman , Yang Hao
Published: March 2023

We suggest an appealing strategy to probe a large class of scenarios beyond the Standard Model simultaneously explaining the recent CDF II measurement of the W boson mass and predicting first-order phase transitions (FOPT) testable in future gravitational-wave (GW) experiments. Our analysis deploys measurements from the GW channels and high energy particle colliders. We discuss this methodology focusing on the specific example provided by an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics that incorporates an additional scalar $$\textrm{SU}(2)_\textrm{L}$$

SU

(
2
)

L

triplet coupled to the Higgs boson. We show that within this scenario a strong electroweak FOPT is naturally realised consistently with the measured W boson mass-shift. Potentially observable GW signatures imply the triplet mass scale to be TeV-ish, consistently with the value preferred by the W mass anomaly. This model can be tested in future space-based interferometers such as LISA, DECIGO, BBO, TianQin, TAIJI projects and in future colliders such as FCC, ILC, CEPC.
First Longitudinal Study Using Binaural Beats on Parkinson Disease
Authors: González David , Bruña Ricardo , Martínez-Castrillo Juan Carlos , López Juan Manuel , de Arcas Guillermo
Published: March 2023

This paper describes a longitudinal study to analyze the effects of acoustic stimulation with Binaural Beats (BBs) at 14[Formula: see text]Hz (beta band) in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Participants ([Formula: see text], age [Formula: see text], stage [Formula: see text] Hoehn and Yahr scale) listened to binaural stimulation for 10[Formula: see text]min a day, 3 days a week, during six months and were assessed 3 times during this period using electroencephalography (EEG), cognitive (PD-CRS), quality of life (PDQ-39) and wearing-off (WOQ-19) tests. During each assessment (basal, and after 3 and 6 months), the relative power in theta band was analyzed before, during and after the stimulation. Focusing the analysis on the motor cortex, the results obtained have confirmed the initial hypothesis for the first session, but they have shown a habituation effect which decreases its efficiency with time. Also, different reactions have been detected among individuals, with some reacting as expected from the beginning, while others would react in an opposite way at the beginning but they have shown afterwards a tendency towards the expected outcome. Anyhow, the relative power of the theta band was reduced between the first and the last session for more than half of the participants, although with very different values. Subtle changes have also been observed in some items of the PD-CRS, PDQ-39 and WOQ-19 tests.
Predicting neutrino mixing angles using group presentations
Authors: Alvarado Carlos , Bautista Janelly , Stuart Alexander J.
Published: March 2023

By assuming there exist three massive nondegenerate Majorana neutrinos, it is possible to describe neutrino mixing with a residual, unbroken discrete Klein subgroup of a larger spontaneously broken flavor symmetry group. Motivated by forthcoming measurements of leptonic CP violation, we revisit this framework by applying group presentation rules to it. We develop a method that is able to reproduce all previous results in the literature and may also hint at a possible group theoretical origin of CP violation in the Klein symmetry elements. This is due to the explicit appearance of a phase in them. However, for the cases considered in this analysis, it turns out that this phase can be removed. Still, this new method warrants further study.
Stagnation point flow of power-law fluid in unsteady 3D boundary layer over a moving surfaces
Authors: Gogate S. Shashi Prabha , Raju M. V. Govinda , Kudenatti Ramesh B.
Published: March 2023

Here, unsteady boundary layer flow under the action of magnetic effect over a moving stagnation surface has been investigated numerically. This study examines non-Newtonian fluid flow with respect to combined effect of magnetic field, movement of surface and time. Governing equations are dimensionless by applying nondimensional quantities. Then system of coupled ordinary differential equations are obtained by appropriate similarly transformations, in terms of the governing parameter including unsteady parameter ([Formula: see text], magnetic number ([Formula: see text], power-law index ([Formula: see text] and three-dimensional parameter ([Formula: see text]. Thus, the obtained modelled equations are solved numerically by the shooting technique. The problem’s parameters are thoroughly discussed and verified physically and graphically. The obtained results validate to literature result. The two relevant flows’ velocity profile’s numerical results have been examined.
Spillover Effects in the Presence of Structural Breaks, Persistence and Conditioned Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Souza Francisca Mendonça , de Souza Ramser Claudia Aline , Souza Adriano Mendonça , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira
Published: March 2023

The intention of this article is to develop an instrument to overcome the limitations caused by traditional analyses and present a combined STR — Smooth Transition Regression model (EGARCH, STRIGARCH, and STR-FIEGARCH) to analyze the contagion effects of the 2008 financial crisis. The proposed instrument will aid the analysis of contagion and the impact of changes in long-term interest rates on the returns of international stock indices and forecasting, with special emphasis on the effects caused by structural breaks, persistence, and conditioned heteroscedasticity. The methodology begins with unit root tests with one and two structural breaks. In the second step, the asymmetry will be analyzed considering the STR models, which will determine the asymmetry relationship between interest rates and the long term, so that in a later step, these asymmetries will be used in the composition of a volatility estimation model, being based on the ARCH models: (i) EGARCH and (ii) FIEGARCH. This study provides a useful instrument based on modeling techniques to make the decision-making process more efficient and objective, providing a choice of instruments that assess the effect of changes in interest rates on stock market indices when influenced by falls, with structural data and better forecasting performance. The results show that the developed mixture models obtained better performance in predicting the effect or impact of changes in interest rates on stock market indices when influenced by structural breaks. STR and the ARCH family are useful instruments that make the decision-making process clearer and more objective when choosing instruments that assess the spillover effect of long-term interest rates on the profitability of international financial indices.
A Continuous Time Domain Direct Identification Method for Unsteady Fluid Dynamic Model in Incompressible Flow
Authors: Lin Xianwu , Li Tao , Xiong Lixun , Luo Delin
Published: March 2023

To identify the unsteady fluid dynamic model for a solid moving in the fluid, a new identification method that operates in the continuous time domain is proposed. It is illustrated that this new identification method is more accurate and appropriate for identifying unsteady fluid dynamic model in incompressible flow in comparison with the classical frequency domain or discrete domain method. This new method is applied to identify the unsteady fluid dynamic models of a NACA0012 airfoil and the effect of the fluid viscosity on the model parameter is analyzed. The result shows that the added mass in viscous flow is dependent on the input signal frequency and is exactly the added mass in inviscid flow when the frequency approaches infinity. Based on this discovery, the long controversy on the relationship of added mass between viscous and inviscid flow is solved. Then, the enlightenment of this discovery on the identification of both linear and nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic model in incompressible flow is illustrated. At last, the advantage of the new acquired unsteady fluid dynamic model is discussed in comparison with the classical quasi-steady aerodynamic model.
Scale-Up of Photochemical Reactions: Transitioning from Lab Scale to Industrial Production
Authors: Zondag Stefan D.A. , Mazzarella Daniele , Noël Timothy
Published: March 2023

In the past two decades, we have witnessed a rapid emergence of new and powerful photochemical and photocatalytic synthetic methods. Although these methods have been used mostly on a small scale, there is a growing need for efficient scale-up of photochemistry in the chemical industry. This review summarizes and contextualizes the advancements made in the past decade regarding the scale-up of photo-mediated synthetic transformations. Simple scale-up concepts and important fundamental photochemical laws have been provided along with a discussion concerning suitable reactor designs that should facilitate scale-up of this challenging class of organic reactions.
Theory Analysis for the Convergence of Kernel-Regularized Online Binary Classification Learning Associated with RKBSs
Authors: Liu Lin , Pan Xiaoling , Sheng Baohuai
Published: March 2023

It is known that more and more mathematicians have paid their attention to the field of learning with a Banach space since Banach spaces may provide abundant inner-product structures. We give investigations on the convergence of a kernel-regularized online binary classification learning algorithm in the setting of reproducing kernel Banach spaces (RKBSs), design an online iteration algorithm with the subdifferential of the norm and the logistic loss, and provide an upper bound for the learning rate, which shows that the online learning algorithm converges if RKBSs satisfy 2-uniform convexity.
Management of Blunt Sternal Fractures in a Community-Based Hospital
Authors: Kunhivalappil Fathima T. , Almansoori Taleb M. , AbdulRahman Muhamed Salim , Hefny Mohamed A. , Mansour Nirmin A. , Zoubeidi Taoufik , Khan Moien A. B. , Hefny Ashraf F.
Published: March 2023

Background. Sternal fractures are not commonly observed in patients with blunt trauma. The routine use of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of chest trauma helps identify these fractures. We studied the incidence, injury mechanism, management, and outcome of sternal fractures in patients with blunt trauma treated at our community-based hospital. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the chest CT scans of all patients with blunt trauma who were presented to our community-based hospital from October 2010 to March 2019. The study variables included age at the time of injury, sex, mechanism of injury, type, and site of fracture, associated injuries, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, need for intensive care unit admission, hospital stay, and long-term outcome. Results. In total, 5632 patients with blunt trauma presented to our hospital during the study period, and chest CT scan was performed for 2578 patients. Sternal fractures were diagnosed in 63 patients. The primary mechanism of injury was a motor vehicle collision. The most common site of fracture was the body of the sternum (47 patients; 74.6%). Twenty (31.7%) patients had an isolated sternal fracture with no other injuries. Seven (11.1%) patients were discharged directly from the emergency department. Two patients died (overall mortality rate, 3.2%) and two experienced long-term disability. Conclusions. The incidence of sternal fractures in our patient population was similar to that reported by tertiary hospitals. Patients with a sternal fracture and normal cardiac enzyme levels and electrocardiogram may be safely discharged from the emergency department, provided there are no other major injuries.
Polymorphism of E6 and E7 Genes in Human Papillomavirus Types 31 and 33 in Northeast China
Authors: Yu Miao , Wu Si , Wang Shuang , Cui Changwan , Lu Yiping , Sun Zhengrong
Published: March 2023

Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 31 and 33 is an important causative factor for cervical cancer. The E6/E7 genes are key oncogenes involved in the immortalization and transformation of human epithelial cells. Genetic polymorphism may lead to differences in the virus’ carcinogenic potential, the immune reaction of the host, and the potencies of vaccines. Few studies on HPV31/33 E6/E7 genetic polymorphism have been carried out. To study the genetic polymorphism of HPV31 and HPV33 E6/E7 genes in northeast China, these genes (HPV31 E6/E7, n = 151; HPV33 E6/E7, n = 136) were sequenced and compared to reference sequences (J04353.1, M12732.1) using BioEdit. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining method using MegaX. The diversity of the secondary structure was estimated using the PSIPred server. The positively selected sites were analyzed using PAML4.9. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHCII epitopes were predicted using the ProPred-I server and ProPredserver. B-cell epitopes were predicted using the ABCpred server. In the 151 HPV31E6 sequences, 25 (25/450) single-nucleotide mutations were found, 14 of which were synonymous mutations and 11 were nonsynonymous. In the 151 HPV31E7 sequences, 8 (8/297) nucleotide mutations were found, 3 of which were synonymous mutations and 5 were nonsynonymous. In the 136 HPV33E6 sequences, 17 (17/450) nucleotide mutations were observed, 7 of which were synonymous mutations and 10 were nonsynonymous. C14T/G (T5I/S) was a triallelic mutation. Finally, in the 136 HPV33E7 sequences, 9 (9/294) nucleotide mutations were observed, 3 of which were synonymous mutations and 6 were nonsynonymous. C134T/A (A45V/E) and C278G/A (T93S/N) were triallelic mutations. Lineage A was the most common lineage in both HPV31 and HPV33. In all of the sequences, we only identified one positively selected site, HPV33 E6 (K93N). Most nonsynonymous mutations were localized at sites belonging to MHC and/or B-cell predicted epitopes. Data obtained in this study should contribute to the development and application of detection probes, targeted drugs, and vaccines.
Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis of Fetal Cystic Hygroma: A Retrospective Single-Center Study from China
Authors: Zhou Yulin , Lu Xingxiu , Zhang Yanhong , Ge Yunsheng , Xu Yasong , Wu Lili , Jiang Yu
Published: March 2023

Fetal cystic hygroma (CH) is associated with poor prognosis and chromosomal anomalies. Recent studies have suggested that the genetic background of affected fetuses is essential for predicting pregnancy outcomes. However, the detection performance of different genetic approaches for the etiological diagnosis of fetal CH remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic efficiency of karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in a local fetal CH cohort, and tried to propose an optimized testing strategy that may help improve the cost-effectiveness of disease management. We reviewed all pregnancies that underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis between January 2017 and September 2021 at one of the largest prenatal diagnostic centers in Southeast China. We collected cases identified by the presence of fetal CH. Prenatal phenotypes and laboratory records of these patients were audited, collated, and analyzed. The detection rates of karyotyping and CMA were compared, and the concordance rate of these two methods was calculated. A total of 157 fetal CH cases were screened from 6,059 patients who underwent prenatal diagnosis. Diagnostic genetic variants were identified in 44.6% (70/157) of the cases. Karyotyping, CMA, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified pathogenic genetic variants in 63, 68, and 1 case, respectively. The Cohen’s κ coefficient between karyotyping and CMA was 0.96, with a concordance of 98.0%. Of the 18 cases in which cryptic copy number variants <5 Mb were detected by CMA, 17 were interpreted as variants of uncertain significance, and the remaining cases were interpreted as pathogenic. Trio exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic homozygous splice site mutation in the PIGN gene in a case undiagnosed by CMA and karyotyping. Our study demonstrated that chromosomal aneuploidy abnormalities are the main genetic cause of fetal CH. Based on this, we recommend karyotyping combined with rapid aneuploidy detection as a first-tier approach for the genetic diagnosis of fetal CH. WES and CMA could improve the diagnostic yield when routine genetic tests fail to determine the cause of fetal CH.
Maternal Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Offspring: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chan Adrienne Y.L. , Gao Le , Howard Louise M. , Simonoff Emily , Coghill Dave , Ip Patrick , Lau Wallis C.Y. , Taxis Katja , Wong Ian C.K. , Man Kenneth K.C.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The use of benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs in women of childbearing age has increased. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether gestational benzodiazepine and/or z-drug exposure is associated with adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods: A population-based cohort including mother-child pairs from 2001 to 2018 in Hong Kong was analysed to compare gestationally exposed and nonexposed children on the risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through logistic/Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sibling-matched analyses and negative control analyses were applied. Results: When comparing gestationally exposed with gestationally nonexposed children, the weighted odds ratio (wOR) was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.97–1.25) for preterm birth and 1.03 (95% CI = 0.76–1.39) for small for gestational age, while the weighted hazard ratio (wHR) was 1.40 (95% CI = 1.13–1.73) for ASD and 1.15 (95% CI = 0.94–1.40) for ADHD. Sibling-matched analyses showed no association between gestationally exposed children and their gestationally nonexposed siblings for all outcomes (preterm birth: wOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.66–1.06; small for gestational age: wOR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.50–2.09; ASD: wHR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.70–1.72; ADHD: wHR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.57–1.90). Similarly, no significant differences were observed when comparing children whose mothers took benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs during pregnancy to children whose mothers took benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs before but not during pregnancy for all outcomes. Conclusions: The findings do not support a causal relationship between gestational benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs exposure and preterm birth, small for gestational age, ASD, or ADHD. Clinicians and pregnant women should carefully balance the known risks of benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs use against those of untreated anxiety and sleep problems.
Correlation between transcranial Doppler parameters and parenchymal intracranial pressure in an experimental model of cerebral rebleeding
Authors: Yoshikawa Márcia Harumy , Soares Matheus Schmidt , Paiva Wellingson Silva
Published: March 2023

nda
Dai nonni ai nipoti: práticas familiares em língua de herança
Authors: Ortale Fernanda Landucci , Salvatto Gabrielle Cristina Baumann
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho apresenta resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa cujo foco é identificar as práticas em língua de herança presentes em um núcleo familiar de imigrantes italianos, constituído em 1958, que possui uma característica peculiar: os membros da primeira e da segunda gerações nascidos no Brasil utilizam apenas o italiano como meio de comunicação entre si. Os dados da pesquisa foram gerados a partir dos pressupostos da Metodologia da História Oral e a análise de dados tem como base os estudos sobre línguas de herança, bilinguismo e translinguagem. O artigo está dividido em três partes: apresentação da história e constituição da família Conci-Maggio; base teórica e breve análise das narrativas autobiográficas para identificar ações que contribuíram para a manutenção da língua de herança no espaço familiar e, finalmente, uma reflexão sobre o processo de revitalização de línguas de herança e as contribuições da presente pesquisa para os estudos sobre políticas linguísticas em espaços familiares.
In-Hospital Observation on Oral Diuretics After Treatment for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Evaluating the Utility
Authors: Ivey-Miranda Juan B. , Rao Veena S. , Cox Zachary L. , Moreno-Villagomez Julieta , Mahoney Devin , Maulion Christopher , Bellumkonda Lavanya , Turner Jeffrey M. , Collins Sean , Wilson F. Perry , Krumholz Harlan M. , Testani Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Following treatment for acute decompensated heart failure, in-hospital observation on oral diuretics (OOD) is recommended, assuming it provides actionable information on discharge diuretic dosing and thus reduces readmissions.

Methods:

In the Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance (MDR) cohort, we analyzed in-hospital measures of diuretic response, provider’s decisions, and diuretic response ≈30 days postdischarge. In a Yale multicenter cohort, we assessed if in-hospital OOD was associated with 30-day readmission risk. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of in-hospital OOD.

Results:

Of the 468 patients in the MDR cohort, 57% (N=265) underwent in-hospital OOD. During the OOD, weight change and net fluid balance correlated poorly with each other (
r
=0.36). Discharge diuretic dosing was similar between patients who had increased, stable, or decreased weight (decreased discharge dose from OOD dose in 77% versus 72% versus 70%, respectively), net fluid status (decreased discharge dose from OOD dose in 100% versus 69% versus 74%, respectively), and urine output (decreased discharge dose from OOD dose in 69% versus 79% versus 72%, respectively) during the 24-hour OOD period (
P
>0.27 for all). In participants returning at 30 days for formal quantification of outpatient diuretic response (n=98), outpatient and inpatient OOD natriuresis was poorly correlated (
r
=0.26). In the Yale multicenter cohort (n=18 454 hospitalizations), OOD occurred in 55% and was not associated with 30-day hospital readmission (hazard ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.93–1.05];
P
=0.51).

Conclusions:

In-hospital OOD did not provide actionable information on diuretic response, was not associated with outpatient dose selection, did not predict subsequent outpatient diuretic response, and was not associated with lower readmission rate. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings and understand if these resources could be better allocated elsewhere.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02546583.
Revolutions and Democracy
Authors: Ustyuzhanin Vadim , Korotayev Andrey
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the question of what form a revolutionary uprising will take – armed or unarmed – has been raised more often. This is because, as shown by numerous studies, revolutionary nonviolence can explain why an uprising fails or succeeds to lead to democracy. In the recent decades the likelihood of revolution being nonviolent appears to have significantly increased, but it is still not clear why this tendency is observed. Moreover, there are only a few quantitative cross-national studies on this topic, in which the authors tried to explain the apparent pattern. However, none of them considered political factors separately. This article tests the hypothesis that a country’s level of democracy can inhibit the armed revolutionary violence. By applying logistic regression to the NAVCO database, the authors analyze more than 400 revolutionary episodes and conclude that, in general, the more democratic the political system, the more likely the revolution take an unarmed form. Nevertheless, various revolutionary events could be of a rather different nature, and it is further shown that the level of democracy matters only for sociopolitical revolutions, while for ethno-separatist revolutions it does not play a significant role.
Bilingual Postgraduates’ Potentials for Original Research by Translanguaging for Theorising
Authors: Shen Haibo
Published: March 2023

Raising the global awareness and mobilising the originality of postgraduate researchers have been emphasized in the internationalisation of postgraduate education in many countries. However, linguistically and theoretically based academic inequalities are still pervasive, which has marginalised non-native English-speaking researchers and their non-English theoretical knowledge systems. Postgraduate researchers in this context tend to depend on Anglo-American and Eurocentric theories which are mostly in English to do research, undermining their possibilities for original research. Bilingual postgraduate researchers, nevertheless, have great potentials for original theorising using translanguaging if a translanguaging perspective is adopted in postgraduate education. By digging into the Chinese word 理论 (lǐ lùn), the paper explains how bilingual postgraduate researchers may be engaged in bilingual theorising with translanguaging and what such theorising capabilities may value. By activating their entire linguistic-theoretical repertoire in this way, bilingual postgraduate researchers, therefore, are able to devise new conceptual and analytical tools to interpret and explain academic issues.
Association Between Anemia Status and the Risk of Different Types of Heart Failure: A RCSCD-TCM Study in China
Authors: Ni Tongyao , Liu Yijia , Huang Mengnan , Ma Mei , Li Lin , Li Chunjie , Yang Rongrong , Yu Chunquan
Published: March 2023

We investigated the association between anemia status and the risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) based on a multi-center, large-sample and retrospective cross-sectional study including 89,207 patients. Heart failure was categorized as HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). In multi-adjusted models, compared with patients without anemia, mild anemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–1.91; P < .001), moderate anemia (OR 3.68; 95% CI, 3.25–4.17; P < .001), and severe anemia (OR 8.02; 95% CI, 6.50–9.88; P < .001) were associated with the risk of HF among CHD patients. Men aged <65 years were more likely to develop HF. In subgroup analyses, the multi-adjusted ORs and 95% CI of HFpEF, HFrEF, and HFmrEF related to anemia were 3.24 (95% CI 1.43–7.33), 2.22 (95% CI 1.28–3.84), and 2.55 (95% CI 2.24–2.89), respectively. These findings suggest that anemia might be associated with increased risk of different types of HF, especially HFpEF.
Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Outcomes in Complex Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Vasudev Milind , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Meller Leo L.T. , Tjoa Tjoson , Kuan Edward C. , Haidar Yarah M.
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

We aim to evaluate the impact of MetS on the short-term postoperative outcomes of complex head and neck surgery patients.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort analysis of the 2005 to 2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. NSQIP database was queried for 30-day outcomes of patients undergoing complex head and neck surgeries, defined as laryngectomy or mucosal resection followed by free tissue transfer, similar to prior NSQIP studies. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 were defined as having MetS. Adverse events were defined as experiencing readmission, reoperation, surgical/medical complications, or mortality.

Results:

A total of 2764 patients (27.0% female) with a mean age of 62.0 ± 11.7 years were included. Patients with MetS (n = 108, 3.9%) were more likely to be female ( P = .017) and have high ASA classification ( P = .030). On univariate analysis, patients with MetS were more likely to require reoperation (25.9% vs 16.7%, P = .013) and experience medical complications (26.9% vs 15.4% P = .001) or any adverse events (61.1% vs 48.7%, P = .011) compared to patients without MetS. On multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for age, sex, race, ASA classification, and complex head and neck surgery type, MetS was an independent predictor of medical complications (odds ratio 2.34, 95% CI 1.28-4.27, P = .006).

Conclusion:

Patients with MetS undergoing complex head and neck surgery are at increased risk of experiencing medical complications. Identifying patients with MetS can therefore aid surgeons in preoperative risk assessment and help improve postoperative management.

Level of Evidence:

N/A
Speaking from the Heart—Pastoral Care for Those Suffering from Infertility
Authors: Meaney Marie Cabaud
Published: March 2023

Taking the heart into account while providing pastoral care to couples suffering from infertility is essential. The affective sphere is not irrational but has its own logic that needs to be addressed. Trying to bypass the wounds involved in something as painful as infertility by speaking merely to the mind can turn out to be counter-productive, especially when it comes to explaining the Church's teachings on artificial reproductive technologies. One first needs to connect on the level of the heart in an authentic way to bring some relief and initiate the healing-process before addressing the unethical nature of in vitro fertilization, for example. In this article, I therefore, explore what it means to speak the language of the heart and, briefly, what characterizes the affective sphere. It is key to meet people where they are rather than try to leverage them to where one thinks they ought to be. Compassion, that is, suffering with the other, is essential to ease their pain. Paradoxically, people need to mourn in order to get to a better place, but often do not know how to do it. Hence, I give some pointers as how to assist people to grieve before giving some advice on how to counsel specifically those suffering from infertility.
Transfer or retain land development right: The role of China’s IDB programme in supporting inclusive urbanisation
Authors: Chen Maolong , Yao Shurong , Hu Chaoran , Jin Songqing
Published: March 2023

This paper evaluates the popularly adopted recent land development programme under ‘increasing versus decreasing balance’ policy in China to boost inclusive development of the urban and rural in the face of rapid urbanisation. We distinguish two types of increasing versus decreasing balance land programmes based on the different ways they manage land development rights and offer qualitative and quantitative evidence of the programme effects on village development and household welfare. We show that both programmes provide rural households with better access to urban-equivalent services and spaces, while different approaches to managing land development rights play different roles in market access and household income. To promote more inclusive urbanisation, governments and rural collectives should balance short-term economic benefits and long-term development potential and adopt proper land management programmes according to their own conditions. Practical policies are suggested for China and other developing regions faced with land use pressures under inevitable urbanisation.
Love under lockdown: How changes in time with partner impacted stress and relationship outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Derbyshire Kaitlin , Thai Sabrina , Midgley Claire , Lockwood Penelope
Published: March 2023

With the onset of COVID-19, governments around much of the world implemented strict social distancing and stay-at-home orders that profoundly affected the amount of time many couples were spending together. In the present research, we examined whether perceptions of a change in time spent with a partner were associated with stress, and whether stress levels in turn predicted relationship commitment and satisfaction, both in the short term (Time 1) and longer term (Time 2; i.e., after 10 months). Results indicated partial mediation, such that less (vs. more) time spent with the partner was associated with greater stress at Time 1, which in turn partly accounted for lower commitment and relationship satisfaction both at Time 1, and satisfaction at Time 2. Less (vs. more) time spent with partner at Time 1 also predicted a greater likelihood of relationship dissolution at Time 2, again partially mediated by stress. An increase in quality time spent together at Time 2 predicted stress and relationship outcomes over and above the change in time spent together more generally. This research has important implications for understanding the ongoing effects of the pandemic on romantic relationships. In addition, this study provides new evidence regarding how changes in time spent with a partner are associated with stress and subsequent relationship outcomes.
A comparison of bilateral and unilateral cerebral perfusion for total arch replacement surgery for non-marfan, type A aortic dissection
Authors: Jiang Qin , Huang Keli , Wang Deliang , Xia Jiaqi , Yu Tao , Hu Shengshou
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Acknowledging lacking of consensus exist in total aortic arch (TAA) surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (AAD), this study aimed to investigate the neurologic injury rate between bilateral and unilateral cerebrum perfusion on the specific population.

Methods

A total of 595 AAD patients other than Marfan syndrome receiving TAA surgery since March 2013 to March 2022 were included. Among them, 276 received unilateral cerebral perfusion (via right axillary artery, RCP) and 319 for bilateral cerebral perfusion (BCP). The primary outcome was neurologic injury rate. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, serum inflammation response (high sensitivity C reaction protein, hs-CRP; Interleukin-6, IL-6; cold-inducible RNA binding protein, CIRBP) and neuroprotection (RNA-binding motif 3, RBM3) indexes.

Results

The BCP group reported a significantly lower permanent neurologic deficits [odds ratio: 0.481, Confidence interval (CI): 0.296–0.782, p = 0.003] and 30-day mortality (odds ratio: 0.353, CI: 0.194–0.640, p < 0.001) than those received RCP treatment. There were also lower inflammation cytokines (hr-CRP: 114 ± 17 vs. 101 ± 16 mg/L; IL-6: 130 [103,170] vs. 81 [69,99] pg/ml; CIRBP: 1076 [889, 1296] vs. 854 [774, 991] pg/ml, all p < 0.001), but a higher neuroprotective cytokine (RBM3: 4381 ± 1362 vs 2445 ± 1008 pg/mL, p < 0.001) at 24 h after procedure in BCP group. Meanwhile, BCP resulted in a significantly lower Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱscore (18 ± 6 vs 17 ± 6, p < 0.001) and short stay in intensive care unit (4 [3,5] vs. 3 [2,3] days, p < 0.001) and hospital (16 ± 4 vs 14 ± 3 days, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This present study indicated that BCP compared with RCP was associated with lower permanent neurologic deficits and 30-day mortality in AAD patients other than Marfan syndrome receiving TAA surgery.
The Oncohumanities training programme: Fostering a deeper engagement and integration of oncology and humanities to tackle the pressing and complex challenges of cancer care
Authors: Carrieri Daniele , Peccatori Fedro Alessandro , Boniolo Giovanni
Published: March 2023

‘Oncohumanities’ is a new field of oncology and humanities which integrates a rich gamut of humanity disciplines and oncological expertise to tackle patients’ real needs and priorities. To promote knowledge and awareness on this topic, we propose a training programme that will blend conceptual knowledge underpinning oncology practice with and person-centred care based on the humanisations of care, on empowerment of patients, and on respect for their diversities. Oncohumanities differs from most existing medical humanities training as it is integrated and engaged with oncology (rather than an add-on). This means that its agenda is driven by the real needs and priorities arising out of daily oncological practice. It is our hope that this new Oncohumanities programme and approach will contribute to guiding future efforts to foster a strong integrated partnership between humanities and oncology.
Review of Critical Factors Influencing Longitudinal Track Resistance
Authors: Potvin Max , Dersch Marcus , Edwards J. Riley , Lima Arthur de O.
Published: March 2023

Longitudinal track resistance is one of the most critical parameters required to accurately analyze longitudinal load propagation and refine rail neutral temperature (i.e., stress-free temperature) maintenance practices. However, longitudinal track resistance has not been consistently defined and has been quantified using multiple methods that should not be conflated. This paper documents common definitions of longitudinal track resistance and the two methods regularly used for its quantification: track panel pull test (TPPT) and single rail break (SRB). Further, this paper documents the differences in mechanics between these methods, summarizes and discusses the critical factors influencing the longitudinal track resistance values found in the literature, and adds novel TPPT longitudinal track resistance values for timber sleeper track to address the current scarcity of data found in the literature. In summary, TPPT values provide insight into the mechanics of load propagation and pre-buckle analysis while the SRB values aid in the maintenance and restoration of rail neutral temperature after a rail break or destress. Additionally, the TPPT longitudinal track resistance values reported in the literature were independent of panel length, were influenced most by the presence of a vertical load, and were reduced by 25% when the ballast was disturbed. Finally, novel TPPT results indicated the longitudinal resistance of timber sleeper track was 19% lower than concrete sleeper track and that unfastened sleepers still transferred longitudinal load when the cribs were full and ballast was compacted.
Driver License Renewal Requirements Predict Driving Mobility Among Older Drivers With Health-Related Travel Difficulties
Authors: Freed Sara , Ross Lesley , Mogle Jacqueline , Gamaldo Alyssa , Zhang Yiqi
Published: March 2023

Given the importance of driving mobility for older adults in the United States, it is important to examine how license renewal policies are related to driving mobility and whether the driving mobility of older adults with health limitations may be especially affected by such policies. The present study examined the association between license renewal requirements and driving mobility in a national sample of 89,757 older adults aged 62 and older in the United States ( M age = 71.57, standard deviation age = 7.48). Using generalized estimating equations, the associations between two driver licensing requirements (in-person renewal and length of renewal cycle) and two indicators of driving mobility (driving status and annual driving mileage) were examined. Results indicated that in-person license renewal was significantly associated with lower driving mileage but not driving status. The association between in-person license renewal and lower driving mileage was greater for people who reported a health-related travel difficulty: in states requiring in-person license renewal, drivers with a health-related travel difficulty had driven 590 fewer miles in the previous year compared with drivers without such difficulties. Among people who experienced in-person license renewal requirements, a longer time between renewals was not significantly associated with driving status or annual mileage. The findings of the current study, combined with previous work showing a lack of safety benefits of in-person license renewal, suggest that in-person license renewal requirements may unnecessarily restrict the driving mobility of some older adults.
Mechanistic Basis for Permit Fee Decision of Superloads Traveling on Low-Volume Roads Using Structural Damage Evaluation
Authors: Koh Yongsung , Ceylan Halil , Kim Sunghwan , Cho In Ho
Published: March 2023

Superloads, including “Implements of Husbandry” and “Superheavy Loads” transporting significant amounts of heavy agricultural and industrial products, frequently travel on county or municipal roads designed for low-volume traffic to avoid interrupting highway traffic flow by their slow-moving behavior and wide vehicle widths. The non-standardized loading configurations and high gross vehicle and axle weights of superloads have significant potential for causing unexpectedly greater distress on low-volume roads than the general vehicle classes categorized for U.S. roads by the Federal Highway Administration. To evaluate the impact of superloads on paved and granular roads designed for low-volume traffic, a mechanistic road structural and damage-associated cost analysis is needed for predicting unexpected damage induced by various types of superloads, and to provide a logical basis for superload permit fee decisions. In this study, a layered elastic theory-based road and pavement analysis was performed to quantify damage to flexible pavements and granular roads caused by superloads. Costs associated with damage to flexible pavements and granular roads subjected to a single pass of various superload types were also derived and compared through multivariate life cycle cost analysis. The potential permit fees for each type of superload traveling under different road conditions were then suggested by calculating damage-associated costs related to traffic, road structure, material, and treatment types.