bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 2‐Oxazolines (1985‐Present)
Authors: GANT T. G. , MEYERS A. I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the Liquid/Solid Interface by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: BARD A. J. , FAN F. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The History and Perspectives of Spillover
Authors: TEICHNER S. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thin Film Multilayers for Magnetic Heads
Authors: ZELTSER A. M. , JAGIELINSKI T. M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐(F‐Alkyl)‐4‐hydroxyquinolines.
Authors: HUANG W.‐Y. , LIU Y.‐S. , LU L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthetic Route to 1‐Aminoalkylphosphinic Acids.
Authors: JIAO X.‐Y. , VERBRUGGEN C. , BORLOO M. , BOLLAERT W. , DE GROOT A. , DOMMISSE R. , HAEMERS A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesternosides A (Ia) and B (Ib), Novel Glucosides from the Leaves of Cestrum nocturnum.
Authors: SAHAI M. , SINGH M. , SINGH A. K. , HARA N. , FUJIMOTO Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Photochemistry of Cyclopentene‐Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: PLUMMER B. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylic Tellurides: Precursors of Vinyllithium and Vinylcopper Reagents
Authors: COMASSETO J. V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo)benzene: A Useful Hypervalent Iodine Reagent for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: PRAKASH O. , SAINI N. , SHARMA P. K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of 4,7‐Dihydro‐1,3‐dioxepin. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of γ‐Butyrolactone Derivatives.
Authors: KOGA Y. , SODEOKA M. , SHIBASAKI M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Steric Structure of Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Saturated or Partially Saturated 1,3‐Heterocycles Containing a Saturated Isoindolone Moiety.
Authors: STAJER G. , CSENDE F. , BERNATH G. , SOHAR P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of 6‐Bromo‐2,3‐disubstituted‐4‐(3H) ‐quinazolinones.
Authors: ABDEL‐ALIM A.‐A. M. , EL‐SHORBAGI A.‐N. A. , EL‐SHAREIF H. A. H. , EL‐GENDY M. A. , AMIN M. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naturally Occurring (‐)‐Calyculin A.
Authors: TANIMOTO N. , GERRITZ S. W. , SAWABE A. , NODA T. , FILLA S. A. , MASAMUNE S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhanced spectrophotometric determination of two antihyperlipidemic mixtures containing ezetimibe in pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Maher Hadir M. , Youssef Rasha M. , Hassan Ekram M. , El‐Kimary Eman I. , Barary Magda A.
Published: September 2010

Two spectrophotometric methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of ezetimibe/simvastatin and ezetimibe/atorvastatin binary mixtures in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms without prior separation. The first is the derivative ratio method where the amplitudes of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DD) at 299.5 and 242.5 nm were found to be linear with ezetimibe and simvastatin concentrations in the ranges 0.5–20 µgml−1 and 1–40 µgml−1, respectively, whereas the amplitudes of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DD) at 289.5 and 288 nm were selected to determine ezetimibe and atorvastatin in the concentration ranges 5–50 µgml−1 and 1–40 µgml−1, respectively. The second is the H‐point standard additions method; absorbances at the two pairs of wavelengths, 228 and 242 nm or 238 and 248 nm, were monitored while adding standard solutions of ezetimibe or simvastatin, respectively. For the analysis of ezetimibe/atorvastatin mixture, absorbance values at 226 and 248 nm or 212 and 272 nm were monitored while adding standard solutions of ezetimibe or atorvastatin, respectively. Moreover, differential spectrophotometry was applied for the determination of ezetimibe in the two mixtures without any interference from the co‐existing drug. This was performed by measurement of the difference absorptivities (ΔA) of ezetimibe in 0.07 M 30% methanolic NaOH relative to that of an equimolar solution in 0.07 M 30% methanolic HCl at 246 nm. The described methods are simple, rapid, precise and accurate for the determination of these combinations in synthetic mixtures and dosage forms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of [70]Fullerene with Tetraethyl Methylenediphosphonate or Diethyl (Cyanomethyl)phosphonate Revisited
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Yang Hai‐Tao , Wu Ping , Wang Cong‐Zhou
Published: September 2010

The reaction of C70 with CH2(PO3Et2)2 or CH2(PO3Et2)CN in the presence of NaH has been reinvestigated. The reaction of C70 with the former phosphonate affords five products. Products 1–3 have molecular structures C70>CH(PO3Et2), whereas products 4 and 5 have molecular structures C70>C(PO3Et2)2. In contrast, only one product 6, with a molecular structure C70>C(PO3Et2)CN, could be isolated from the reaction of C70 with CH2(PO3Et2)CN and NaH. Ultrasonication was used to shorten the reaction times and increase the product yields. No product resulting from addition to the C7–C21 bond of C70 was observed in either cycloaddition reaction. Accordingly, the previously reported major products 3 and 6, which were assigned as the C7–C21 isomers, should be reassigned as the C1–C2 isomers. This correction is very important for understanding the reactivity of C70. Our reassignments are further supported by theoretical calculations. The newly isolated minor products 1, 2, and 4 were identified as the C5–C6 isomers. The present work proves that the reactivity order of the bonds in C70 for these two reactions is C1–C2 > C5–C6. These results resolve the confusion caused by previous incorrect product assignments.
A novel consistent photomicrography technique using a reference slide made of neutral density filter
Authors: Kim Jong Yeob , Kim Ji Woong , Seo Soo Hong , Kye Young Chul , Ahn Hyo Hyun
Published: September 2010

Obtaining consistent photomicrographic images of pathology slides is not always easy because of many different types and settings of the equipment such as the microscopes and digital cameras. In this study, we developed a photomicrography technique that could acquire consistent images of pathology slides. The neutral density (ND) filter was attached to a transparent glass slide as a reference slide, photographed using consistent settings, and acquired images that harbored all of the areas of gray, white, and black. In the same way, the slide was replaced by the actual pathology slide, and photomicrographed. To simulate different light environment, the above photographic session was repeated using two different light intensities and microscopes. A graphic program was used to adjust levels of the reference slide images and this leveling, or calibration, was saved as a file for each. This file for leveling process was applied to actual subsequent photomicrographic images. The same sites of noncalibrated and calibrated images of the pathology slide were calculated into CIELAB or CIE L*a*b* coordinates. Then, the color differences (ΔE*ab) were calculated. As results, in the study using a 50% transmittance ND filter, two original different images were made nearly identical to the unaided eye, especially in two‐point (white and gray) and three‐point (black, white, and gray) leveling. In comparison of different light intensities, the ΔE*ab of the selected area was 0.9 in two‐point leveling. Between different microscopes, 10.7 of ΔE*ab was the smallest value in three‐point leveling. This method would be helpful for acquiring consistent photomicrographic images of pathology slides. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of a stationary phase with s‐triazine ring embedded group for reversed phase high‐performance LC
Authors: Li Yingyu , Dai Peichun , Ke Yanxiong , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao
Published: September 2010

This paper describes the synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of a new polar‐embedded stationary phase, which utilized 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine as the spacer. The resulting materials were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and solid‐state 13C NMR. Empirical test mixtures were utilized to evaluate the column, and showed that it had good performance for basic compounds and high selectivity for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, the novel stationary phase has unique property, especially in the separation of “homologous alkaloids” from natural products.
Selectivity of calixarene‐bonded silica phases in HPLC: Description of special characteristics with a multiple term linear equation at different methanol concentrations
Authors: Schneider Christian , Jira Thomas
Published: September 2010

Retention and selectivity characteristics of different calixarene‐, resorcinarene‐ and alkyl‐bonded stationary phases are examined by analyzing a set of test solutes covering the main interactions (hydrophobic, steric, ionic, polar) that apply in HPLC. Therefore Dolan and Snyder's multiple term linear equation has been adapted to fit the properties of calixarene‐bonded columns. The obtained parameters are used to describe retention and selectivity of the novel Caltrex® phases and to elucidate underlying mechanisms of retention. Here, differences of stationary phase characteristics at different methanol concentrations in the mobile phases are examined. Both selectivity and retention were found to depend on the methanol content. Differences of these dependencies were found for different stationary phases and interactions. The differences between common alkyl‐bonded and novel calixarene‐bonded phases increase with increasing methanol content.
Optimal synthesis problem for the fuzzy systems
Authors: Aliev F. A. , Niftiyev Aghaddin Aslan , Zeynalov C. I.
Published: September 2010

In this paper, first a space of fuzzy numbers is constructed and a scalar product is introduced. The derivative of fuzzy function in this space is defined. Further, a synthesis problem for fuzzy systems is considered. A formula for optimal control is obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostatectomy restores the maturation competence of blood dendritic cell precursors and reverses the abnormal expansion of regulatory T lymphocytes
Authors: Brusa Davide , Carletto Sara , Cucchiarale Giuseppina , Gontero Paolo , Greco Alessandro , Simone Mariagrazia , Ferrando Ugo , Tizzani Alessandro , Matera Lina
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE

To verify the presence of deviated dendritic cell (DC) precursors and of suppressor lymphocytes (Treg) in tumor bearing prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to monitor the corrective effect of tumor ablation.

METHODS

Monocytes isolated from the blood of patients before and 1 month after prostatectomy were allowed to reach complete maturation (mDC) ex vivo in a clinical grade two‐step process. T‐regulatory cells were identified in the lymphocyte cell fraction by the CD4+CD25highFoxP3+/CD4+CD25highCD127low/− phenotype.

RESULTS

Despite loss of the monocytes marker CD14, cytokine‐matured DCs of tumor bearing patients expressed lower levels of the costimulatory molecule CD80 and of the maturation markers CD83 and CCR7 compared to mDC of normal subjects (NS, P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively). Prostatectomy restored CD80, CD83, and CCR7 expression to values not different from those of NS (P = 0.15, 0.60, and 0.71) and significantly higher than those of the pre‐surgery state (CD83, P = 0.0003 and CCR7, P = 0.002). The frequency of Tregs, identified as either CD4 + CD25highFoxP3+ or CD4+CD25highCD127low/−, was significantly higher in pre‐surgery patients than in NS (P = 0.0001 and 0.0003) and significant recovery of the CD4+CD25highCD127low/− (P = 0.0005) was observed after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

The presence of defective DC precursors and suppressor lymphocytes in the tumor‐bearing, but not tumor‐free stage, positions the latter as the ideal setting for clinical success of PCa vaccine therapy. Prostate 77:344–352, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes for pregnant women infected with the influenza A (H1N1) virus during the 2009 pandemic in Porto Alegre, Brazil
Authors: Jiménez Mirela Foresti , El Beitune Patrícia , Salcedo Mila Pontremoli , Von Ameln Alexandra Veleda , Mastalir Fabiane Pinto , Braun Luciane Desimon
Published: September 2010

Objective

To study the epidemiologic characteristics and underlying conditions that place pregnant women infected with H1N1 virus at increased risk for being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study conducted in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with 57 pregnant women hospitalized with the H1N1 influenza during the 2009 pandemic, we collected epidemiologic characteristics and assessed the rates of ICU admission according to pregnancy duration and the presence or absence of comorbidities.

Results

The median (range) of maternal age was 26 years (15–41 years), the pregnancy duration at the time of infection was 29 weeks (8–41 weeks), and the birth weight was 3180 g (740–3900 g). Five patients (8.8%) were in the first, 22 (38.6%) in the second, and 30 (52.6%) in the third trimester, and (22.8%) had comorbidities. Antiviral drugs were administered to all, and 46 (80.7%) patients received an early treatment. There were no maternal, fetal, or neonatal deaths. Eight patients (14%) required ICU admission and 15 (50%) of the patients who gave birth during their hospitalization underwent a cesarean delivery. The risk of being treated at the ICU did not increase for patients with comorbidities (P = 0.22) or an advanced pregnancy (P = 0.31). The study revealed a relationship between early initiation of an antiviral treatment and a lower mortality rate.

Conclusion

Neither an advanced pregnancy nor comorbidities increased the risk of being admitted to the ICU but, compared with the results of other studies, a prompt treatment lowered mortality.
Unemployment and Government
Authors: Walters William
Published: September 2010

While joblessness is by no means a phenomenon specific to this century, the concept of 'unemployment' is. This book follows the invention and transformation of unemployment, understood as a historically specific site of regulation. Taking key aspects of the history of unemployment in Britain as its focus, it argues that the ways in which authorities have defined and sought to manage the jobless have been remarkably varied. In tracing some of the different constructions of unemployment over the last 100 years - as a problem of 'character', as a social 'risk', or today, as a problem of 'skills' - the study highlights the discursive dimension of social and economic policy problems. The book examines such institutionalized practices as the labour bureau, unemployment insurance, and the 'New Deal' as 'technologies' of power. The result is a challenge to our thinking about welfare states.
Distributed Object Architectures with CORBA
Authors: Balen Henry , Elenko Mark , Jones Jan , Palumbo Gordon
Published: September 2010

Distributed Object Architectures with CORBA is a guide to creating a software architecture comprising distributed components. While it is based on OMG's Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard, the principles also apply to architecture built with other technology (such as Microsoft's DCOM). As ORB products evolve to incorporate new additions to CORBA, the knowledge and experience required to build stable and scalable systems is not widespread. With this book the reader can develop the skills and knowledge that is necessary for building such systems. The book assumes a familiarity with object-oriented concepts and the basics of CORBA. Software developers who are new to building systems with CORBA-based technologies will find this book a useful guide to effective development.
The Life of Mozart
Authors: Holmes Edward
Published: September 2010

This 1845 biography of Mozart by the music journalist Edward Holmes was the first to be published in English. Holmes, who numbered the poet Keats and the publisher Vincent Novello amongst his friends, wrote extensively for periodicals including the Musical Times and The Atlas. A lifelong admirer of Mozart's work, Holmes's keen understanding of its significance is evident throughout the biography. It is based on a thorough study of the then available printed and manuscript sources, in particular many of Mozart's letters which Holmes translated and included as he 'endeavoured throughout to let the composer tell his own story'. He was also able to consult Mozart's own catalogue of his works, that compiled by the publisher Johann André, and the Mozart autograph manuscripts bought by André from Mozart's widow Constanze. The work is written in a very approachable style and will appeal to anyone with an interest in Mozart.
The History of Rome
Authors: Mommsen Theodor
Published: September 2010

The classical historian Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903) published his History of Rome between 1854 and 1856. His work was received with widespread acclaim by the scholarly community and the reading public. In 1902 Mommsen was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature and acclaimed as 'the greatest living master of the art of historical writing'. Mommsen rejected traditional Enlightenment accounts, which glorified ancient Rome; instead, guided by a new and rigorous criticism of sources, he began the demythologisation of Roman history. In a vivacious and engaging style, Mommsen drew bold parallels between the nineteenth century and classical Rome. Volume 4 covers the establishment of the military monarchy; this English translation, first published in 1866, corresponds to the fourth edition of the German third volume. Part 2 begins with Pompey and Julius Caesar and ends with the battle of Thapsus. In this reissue, the index to the entire work is also included.
The Foreigner in Far Cathay
Authors: Medhurst Walter Henry
Published: September 2010

Walter Medhust's 1872 book traces his personal impressions of nineteenth-century Chinese society. The author is determined to give a picture of the country and its inhabitants that is realistic and free of the tired clichés often found in contemporary Western accounts of the country. Medhurst engages with a wide spectrum of Chinese traditions and habits: looking at the characteristics of advertising and how Chinese newspapers are run; describing opium-smoking and Chinese burial customs; delving into the relationship between men and women; and sampling the delights of Chinese cuisine. He also writes about the position of foreign citizens in China and focuses on the relationship between China and the Western world. Concerned that the West should show China the respect it deserves, he attempts especially to capture the essence of the Chinese character.
Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours reduce fasting insulin and insulin resistance in hypercholesterolaemic and overweight human subjects
Authors: Marinangeli Christopher P. F. , Jones Peter J. H.
Published: September 2010

The objective of the present study was to compare whole pea flour (WPF) to fractionated pea flour (FPF; hulls only) for their ability to reduce risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes in overweight hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Using a cross-over design, twenty-three hypercholesterolaemic overweight men and women received two-treatment muffins/d containing WPF, FPF or white wheat flour (WF) for 28 d, followed by 28 d washout periods. Daily doses of WPF and FPF complied with the United States Department of Agriculture's recommended level of intake of half a cup of pulses/d (approximately 50 g/d). Dietary energy requirements were calculated for each study subject, and volunteers were only permitted to eat food supplied by the study personnel. Fasting insulin, body composition, urinary enterolactone levels, postprandial glucose response, as well as fasting lipid and glucose concentrations, were assessed at the beginning and at the end of each treatment. Insulin concentrations for WPF (37·8 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·021) and FPF (40·5 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·037) were lower compared with WF (50·7 (sem3·4) pmol/ml). Insulin homeostasis modelling assessment showed that consumption of WPF and FPF decreased (P < 0·05) estimates of insulin resistance (IR) compared with WF. Android:gynoid fat ratios in women participants were lower (P = 0·027) in the WPF (1·01 (sem0·01) group compared with the WF group (1·06 (sem0·01). Urinary enterolactone levels tended to be higher (P = 0·087) in WPF compared with WF. Neither treatment altered circulating fasting lipids or glucose concentrations. In conclusion, under a controlled diet paradigm, a daily consumption of whole and fractionated yellow pea flours at doses equivalent to half a cup of yellow peas/d reduced IR, while WPF reduced android adiposity in women.
Relationship between proteome changes of Longissimus muscle and intramuscular fat content in finishing pigs fed conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Zhong Weijing , Jiang Zongyong , Zheng Chuntian , Lin Yingcai , Yang Lin , Zou Shutong
Published: September 2010

The present experiment was conducted to determine proteome changes in Longissimus muscle of finishing pigs fed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), in association with alteration of intramuscular fat content. Previously, seventy-two Duroc × Landrace × Large White gilts (approximately 60 kg) had been fed maize–soyabean meal-based diets with 0, 12·5 and 25 g CLA/kg diet. The CLA contained 369·1 mg/g cis-9, trans-11 CLA, 374·6 mg/g trans-10, cis-12 CLA and 53·7 mg/g other isomers. Six pigs per treatment were slaughtered when they reached a body weight of approximately 100 kg. Data published from a previous experiment demonstrated that supplementation with 12·5 or 25 g CLA/kg diet increased intramuscular fat content (P < 0·05). The present study investigated the proteome changes in Longissimus muscle of control and pigs supplemented with 25 g CLA/kg diet. CLA significantly influenced the abundance of proteins related to energy metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, amino acid metabolism, defence, transport and other miscellaneous processes (P < 0·05). The increase in intramuscular fat content was positively correlated with the increased abundance of carbonic anhydrase 3 and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0·05). We suggest that the proteome changes in Longissimus muscle contributed to greater intramuscular lipid content in CLA-supplemented pigs.
Controlling energetic intake based on a novel logistic regression model for the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population
Authors: Yangmei Lv , Yanxia Miao , Liangmei Qiao , Jinhui Zhang , Yu Hua , Minwen Zhu
Published: September 2010

The present study was designed to develop a novel method of energy calculation for controlling energetic intake in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Demographics and dietary data were recorded for 2582 obese subjects. Nutritional education was applied to all the patients. One year later, the data on age, sex, activity intensity coefficient, waistline, environmental temperature and BMI in subjects who lost ≥ 5 % body weight were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis model. Energy requirement was calculated from the results of multivariate logistic regression. Four hundred and thirty-four metabolic syndrome patients were then randomly divided into the treated group (216) and the control group (218). The energetic intake in the experimental group was controlled based on the new energy requirement model. The traditional energy exchange method was used in the control group. The independent factors predicting metabolic syndrome prognosis, such as age, sex, activity intensity coefficient, waistline, environmental temperature and BMI, were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The energy requirement model was then constructed by logistic regression analysis. After 6 months of energetic intake control based on the new model, the parameters of the experimental group were significantly different from those of the controls (all P < 0·05): waistline, 89·65 (sd 5·54) v. 91·97 (sd 4·78) cm; BMI, 24·67 (sd 3·54) v. 25·87 (sd 2·65) kg/m2; fasting blood glucose, 6·9 (sd 3·6) v. 8·7 (sd 4·6) mmol/l; 2 h PG, 8·7 (sd 5·7) v. 10·7 (sd 4·5) mmol/l; HbA1c, 7·7 (sd 1·6) v. 8·9 (sd 2·6) %; homoeostasis model insulin resistance index, 3·14 (sd 1·62) v. 4·32 (sd 2·25). The new energy requirement model can effectively improve the clinical outcomes of controlling energetic intake in metabolic syndrome patients.
Breakfast consumption and physical activity in British adolescents
Authors: Corder K. , van Sluijs E. M. F. , Steele R. M. , Stephen A. M. , Dunn V. , Bamber D. , Goodyer I. , Griffin S. J. , Ekelund U.
Published: September 2010

Studies show an inverse relationship between breakfast frequency and weight gain. This may reflect poor eating habits generally and associated low physical activity (PA) or direct impacts of breakfast on mechanisms leading to lethargy and reduced PA. The relationship between breakfast frequency and PA is inconclusive. We aimed to determine whether breakfast frequency is associated with PA levels in British adolescents independent of body composition and socio-economic status (SES). Habitual breakfast frequency (self-report questionnaire) was assessed in 877 adolescents (43 % male, age 14·5 (sd 0·5) years old). PA was measured over 5 d (accelerometry, average counts/min; cpm). Associations between daily PA and breakfast frequency were assessed using linear regression adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. Effect modification by sex and associations with PA during the morning (06.00–12.00 hours) were explored. For boys, there were no significant associations between breakfast frequency and PA. For girls, less frequent breakfast consumption was significantly associated with lower PA (cpm) during the morning (occasional v. frequent β − 6·1 (95 % CI − 11·1, − 1·1), P = 0·017) when adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. There were no associations between PA and breakfast consumption over the whole day; however, for girls, less frequent breakfast consumption may be associated with lower PA levels during the morning, suggesting that breakfast consumption should perhaps be taken into consideration when aiming to promote PA in adolescent girls.
Temporal instability modes of supersonic round jets
Authors: PARRAS LUIS , LE DIZÈS STÉPHANE
Published: September 2010

In this study, a comprehensive inviscid temporal stability analysis of a compressible round jet is performed for Mach numbers ranging from 1 to 10. We show that in addition to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability modes, there exist for each azimuthal wavenumber three other types of modes (counterflow subsonic waves, subsonic waves and supersonic waves) whose characteristics are analysed in detail using a WKBJ theory in the limit of large axial wavenumber. The theory is constructed for any velocity and temperature profile. It provides the phase velocity and the spatial structure of the modes and describes qualitatively the effects of base-flow modifications on the mode characteristics. The theoretical predictions are compared with numerical results obtained for an hyperbolic tangent model and a good agreement is demonstrated. The results are also discussed in the context of jet noise. We show how the theory can be used to determinea priorithe impact of jet modifications on the noise induced by instability.
Stable running of a planar underactuated biped robot
Authors: Hu Yong , Yan Gangfeng , Lin Zhiyun
Published: September 2010

This paper investigates the stable-running problem of a planar underactuated biped robot, which has two springy telescopic legs and one actuated joint in the hip. After modeling the robot as a hybrid system with multiple continuous state spaces, a natural passive limit cycle, which preserves the system energy at touchdown, is found using the method of Poincaré shooting. It is then checked that the passive limit cycle is not stable. To stabilize the passive limit cycle, an event-based feedback control law is proposed, and also to enlarge the basin of attraction, an additive passivity-based control term is introduced only in the stance phase. The validity of our control strategies is illustrated by a series of numerical simulations.
Early verb learning in 20-month-old Japanese-speaking children
Authors: OSHIMA-TAKANE YURIKO , ARIYAMA JUNKO , KOBAYASHI TESSEI , KATERELOS MARINA , POULIN-DUBOIS DIANE
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated whether children's representations of morphosyntactic information are abstract enough to guide early verb learning. Using an infant-controlled habituation paradigm with a switch design, Japanese-speaking children aged 1 ; 8 were habituated to two different events in which an object was engaging in an action. Each event was paired with a novel word embedded in a single intransitive verb sentence frame. The results indicated that only 40% of the children were able to map a novel verb onto the action when the mapping task was complex. However, by simplifying the mapping task, 88% of the children succeeded in verb–action mapping. There were no differences in perceptual salience between the agent and action switches in the task. These results provide strong evidence that Japanese-speaking children aged 1 ; 8 are able to use an intransitive verb sentence frame to guide early verb learning unless the mapping task consumes too much of their cognitive resources.
Persönlichkeitsstörungen bei jugendlichen Patientinnen mit Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa
Authors: Bottin Julia , Salbach-Andrae Harriet , Schneider Nora , Pfeiffer Ernst , Lenz Klaus , Lehmkuhl Ulrike
Published: September 2010

Zielsetzung: Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, das Auftreten von Persönlichkeitsstörungen bei jugendlichen Patientinnen mit Anorexia (AN) und Bulimia nervosa (BN) anhand des Strukturierten Klinischen Interviews für DSM-IV (SKID-II) zu überprüfen. Methodik: 99 konsekutiv erfasste Patientinnen (MAlter = 16.3 ± 1.6) wurden mittels SKID-II im Hinblick auf PS untersucht. Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss von Alter, Achse-I-Komorbiditäten und Behandlungsart auf die Ausbildung einer PS getestet. Ergebnisse: 30.3 % der untersuchten Patientinnen erhielten nach SKID-II die Diagnose einer Persönlichkeitsstörung (PS). Patientinnen mit einer AN-binge-purging Typus wiesen gegenüber den beiden anderen Essstörungsgruppen eine höhere Prävalenzrate bezüglich Persönlichkeitsstörungen und ebenso höhere Werte der dimensionalen Scores auf. Zudem zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass Alter und Achse-I-Komorbiditäten mit der Entwicklung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen assoziiert sind. Schlussfolgerung: Zwischen den drei Essstörungsgruppen bestehen deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Auftretens von Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Patientinnen mit einer AN-binge-purging Typus sind stärker betroffen als Patientinnen mit einer BN oder restriktiven AN. Dies und ebenso der Einfluss von Alter und Achse-I-Komorbiditäten sollten bei der Therapie von Essstörungspatientinnen berücksichtigt werden.
Bedingungen für den Erfolg übergewichtiger und adipöser Kinder in einem ambulanten Programm zur Gewichtsreduktion durch Veränderungen des Lebensstils
Authors: Pott Wilfried , Fröhlich Georg , Albayrak Özgür , Hebebrand Johannes , Pauli-Pott Ursula
Published: September 2010

Fragestellung: Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich erfolgreiche Teilnehmer eines ambulanten familienzentrierten Gewichtskontrollprogramms durch spezifische familiäre und psychologische Charakteristiken auszeichnen. Einbezogen wurden die psychosoziale Risikobelastung der Familie, Depressivität und Bindungsstil der Hauptbezugsperson, der Body mass index (BMI) und der BMI-Standardabweichungswert («Standard deviation score», SDS) des teilnehmenden Kindes und der Familienmitglieder sowie die individuelle psychische Belastung des teilnehmenden Kindes. Methodik: Die Daten wurden per Interview und Fragebogen vor dem Behandlungsbeginn erhoben. Von 136 in das Programm aufgenommenen übergewichtigen und adipösen Kindern zwischen 7 und 15 Jahren beendeten 116 das 12-monatige Interventionsprogramm. Von diesen zeigten 100 (85,3 %) eine Reduktion des BMI-SDS und 79 (68.1 %) eine mehr als 5 %ige Reduktion des BMI-SDS. Diese «erfolgreichen» Kinder wurden mit 56 «nicht erfolgreichen» (Abbrecher und Kinder mit einer 5 %igen oder geringeren Reduktion des BMI-SDS) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Nicht erfolgreiche Kinder unterschieden sich von den erfolgreichen durch ein höheres Alter, eine höhere psychosoziale Risikobelastung, Depressivität und einen vermeidenden Bindungsstil der Mutter sowie durch das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister. In einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse zeigten sich mütterliche Depressivität und das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister als beste und voneinander unabhängige Prädiktoren. Schlussfolgerungen: Um die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Familien zu erfüllen und einen Misserfolg zu verhindern, sollten zusätzliche Programmbausteine zur spezifischen Unterstützung von Jugendlichen mit adipösen Geschwistern und Müttern mit Depressionen und vermeidenden Bindungsstil entwickelt werden. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Module muss dann in weiteren Studien überprüft werden.
Stable volume and heat transports of the North Pacific subtropical gyre revealed by identifying the Kuroshio in synoptic hydrography south of Japan
Authors: Nagano Akira , Ichikawa Kaoru , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Tomita Hiroyuki , Tokinaga Hiroki , Konda Masanori
Published: September 2010

We conducted synoptic hydrographic surveys three times under distinctly different conditions of the Kuroshio in the region off the southern coast of Japan; the large‐meander (October 2004) and non‐large‐meander (September 2005 and September 2006) states. As a result of the water mass analysis, we could separate the volume and heat transports of the North Pacific subtropical gyre from the local recirculation gyre and mesoscale eddies. Despite the different flow conditions of the Kuroshio, the volume transport and the volume transport‐averaged temperature of the subtropical gyre fluctuate within the ranges of 23.3–29.0 × 106 m3 s−1 and 17.3–17.6°C, respectively, which are quite stable with respect to those for the Kuroshio south of Japan estimated in the past studies. Taking into account the decrease in the volume transport‐averaged temperature in the North Pacific interior region, the net heat transport of the subtropical gyre across the latitude of 30°N was estimated to be between 0.19 and 0.22 × 1015 W.
General approach to polymer chains confined by interacting boundaries
Authors: Freed Karl F. , Dudowicz Jacek , Stukalin Evgeny B. , Douglas Jack F.
Published: September 2010

Polymer chains, confined to cavities or polymer layers with dimensions less than the chain radius of gyration, appear in many phenomena, such as gel chromatography, rubber elasticity, viscolelasticity of high molar mass polymer melts, the translocation of polymers through nanopores and nanotubes, polymer adsorption, etc. Thus, the description of how the constraints alter polymer thermodynamic properties is a recurrent theoretical problem. A realistic treatment requires the incorporation of impenetrable interacting (attractive or repulsive) boundaries, a process that introduces significant mathematical complications. The standard approach involves developing the generalized diffusion equation description of the interaction of flexible polymers with impenetrable confining surfaces into a discrete eigenfunction expansion, where the solutions are normally truncated at the first mode (the “ground state dominance” approximation). This approximation is mathematically well justified under conditions of strong confinement, i.e., a confinement length scale much smaller than the chain radius of gyration, but becomes unreliable when the polymers are confined to dimensions comparable to their typically nanoscale size. We extend a general approach to describe polymers under conditions of weak to moderate confinement and apply this semianalytic method specifically to determine the thermodynamics and static structure factor for a flexible polymer confined between impenetrable interacting parallel plate boundaries. The method is first illustrated by analyzing chain partitioning between a pore and a large external reservoir, a model system with application to chromatography. Improved agreement is found for the partition coefficients of a polymer chain in the pore geometry. An expression is derived for the structure factor S(k) in a slit geometry to assist in more accurately estimating chain dimensions from scattering measurements for thin polymer films.
Interface effects in thermal conduction through molecular junctions: Numerical simulations
Authors: Zhou Yun , Segal Dvira
Published: September 2010

Thermal conductance in solid-molecule-solid junctions is studied within Langevin-type classical molecular dynamics simulations. The solids attached at the two ends, characterized by phonon bands mismatching the molecular vibrational window, are simulated using colored thermal noises with analytic correlation functions. We find that the dissimilarity in the vibrational spectra of the molecule and the interfacing materials crucially controls both the magnitude and the chain-length dependence of the heat current considering both harmonic and anharmonic molecules. By using reservoirs with distinct spectral functions, we also demonstrate that one can optimize the thermal rectifying (diodelike) properties of the junction.
Communication: Novel quantum states of electron spins in polycarbenes from ab initio density matrix renormalization group calculations
Authors: Mizukami Wataru , Kurashige Yuki , Yanai Takeshi
Published: September 2010

An investigation into spin structures of poly(m-phenylenecarbene), a prototype of magnetic organic molecules, is presented using the ab initio density matrix renormalization group method. It is revealed by achieving large-scale multireference calculations that the energy differences between high-spin and low-spin states (spin-gaps) of polycarbenes decrease with increasing the number of carbene sites. This size-dependency of the spin-gaps strikingly contradicts the predictions with single-reference methods including density functional theory. The wave function analysis shows that the low-spin states are beyond the classical spin picture, namely, much of multireference character, and thus are manifested as strongly correlated quantum states. The size dependence of the spin-gaps involves an odd-even oscillation, which cannot be explained by the integer-spin Heisenberg model with a single magnetic-coupling constant.
Colloidal CdS nanorods decorated with subnanometer sized Pt clusters for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Berr Maximilian , Vaneski Aleksandar , Susha Andrei S. , Rodríguez-Fernández Jessica , Döblinger Markus , Jäckel Frank , Rogach Andrey L. , Feldmann Jochen
Published: September 2010

Colloidal CdS nanorods have been decorated with extremely small, subnanometer sized Pt clusters and used for photocatalytic hydrogen production. We also show highly selective decoration of CdS nanorods with uniform, relatively large (4.8 nm mean size) Pt nanoparticles, with a remarkably high (90%) yield of samples decorated with exactly one Pt particle per rod. Samples with large Pt particles show no increase in hydrogen evolution rate compared to small Pt clusters, which implies that efficient hydrogen production utilizing CdS nanorods with reduced amounts of Pt is possible.
NSF speeds funding for research on BP oil spill
Authors: Kramer David
Published: September 2010

Sopping up oil with new materials, mapping the subsurface plume, and accelerating biodegradation of the slick are among dozens of time-sensitive research projects receiving grants.
The Velocity of Sound in Gases
Authors: Abbey RL , Barlow GE
Published: September 2010

The velocity of sound in gases confined in
a tube has been measured at a frequency of 1000 cycles per second using a
method based upon acoustical feedback. Measurements of the velocity were made
at pressures ranging from atmospheric down to several millimetres of mercury,
for the following gases : air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and methane.
The values obtained for the velocity at atmospheric pressure agree very well
with established figures, but the corrected velocity was found to vary with the
pressure. The general validity of this tube correction 1s discussed.
Experiments in Seeding Cumuliform Cloud Layers with Dry Ice
Authors: Smith EJ
Published: September 2010

This paper describes five experiments in
which granulated dry ice was dropped into layers of cumulus cloud at
temperatures below freezing. In each case precipitation of snow or ice crystals
occurred, and part or all of the cloud dispersed. Displays of haloes and
similar phenomena were observed.
The Chemical Constituents of Australian Xanthoxylum Species. I. Suberosin, 6-(γγ-Dimethylallyl)-7-methoxycoumarin
Authors: Ewing J , Hughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

Suberosin, a new coumarin, has been
isolated from the bark of Xanthoxylum suberosum and shown to be 6-(γγ-dimethylallyl)-7-methoxycoumarin.
Equivalent Path and Absorption for Electromagnetic Radiation in the Solar Corona
Authors: Jaeger JC , Westfold KC
Published: September 2010

Calculations of the trajectories,
equivalent path, and absorption of rays, in the frequency range 20-100 Mc/s.,
in the solar corona have been made, neglecting possible magnetic fields and
assuming spherical symmetry.

Interpreting the double-humped burst of
solar noise as the superposition of a direct and an echo signal, inferences are
made as to the height in the corona and location on the solar disk of its
source.
A Synthesis of Sparteine and Some Related Substances
Authors: Anet EFLJ , Hughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

The syntheses of sparteine and certain
related derivatives of l-azabicyclo-(4,4,0)decane
are described and the stereochemistry of sparteine is discussed.
Thermoelectric Properties of Titanium with Special Reference to the Allotropic Transformation
Authors: Worner HW
Published: September 2010

A differential method for determining the
thermoelectric power of titanium/platinum thermocouples is described. The
results of the differential measurements are compared with data obtained in
direct e.m.f. versus temperature determinations. From the thermoelectric power
results, the temperature dependency of the following properties has been
deduced : (a) the Peltier coefficient of the titanium/platinum couple ; (b) the
difference between the Thomson coefficients of titanium and platinum ; (c) the
absolute thermoelectric power of titanium. It is shown that abrupt changes in
thermoelectric properties accompany the α-β transformation in refined
titanium, the transition temperature range being 883 � 1 to 887 � 2 �C. In a
commercial grade of titanium, the transformation occurs over the range 868 to
970 �C. Some effects due to preferred orientation and the elimination thereof
are also reported.
Collision Processes Involving Highly Ionized Atoms
Authors: Hill ER
Published: September 2010

The cross section of FeXIV for inelastic
collisions resulting in the transition from the 2P3/2 to
the 2P1/2 state of the ion, for electron collision
ionization, and for radiative recombination of FeXIV and MgX are calculated by
wave mechanical methods. A method is given whereby radiative recombination
cross sections of all highly ionized atoms may be calculated. Where possible
the cross sections obtained are compared with corresponding results given by
the classical quantum theory. Finally, the wave mechanical values are used to
verify the general conclusion, obtained using classical quantum values of the
cross sections, that the agitation temperature of the coronal electrons is
about 106 �K.