bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A stress-based formulation of the free material design problem with the trace constraint and single loading condition
Authors: Czarnecki S. , Lewiński T.
Published: May 2018

The problem to find an optimal distribution of elastic moduli within a given plane domain to make the compliance minimal under the condition of a prescribed value of the integral of the trace of the elastic moduli tensor is called the free material design with the trace constraint. The present paper shows that this problem can be reduced to a new problem of minimization of the integral of the stress tensor norm over stresses being statically admissible. The eigenstates and Kelvin’s moduli of the optimal Hooke tensor are determined by the stress state being the minimizer of this problem. This new problem can be directly treated numerically by using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method to represent the statically admissible stress fields, along with any unconstrained optimization tool, e.g.: Conjugate Gradient (CG) or Variable Metric (VM) method in multidimensions.
Stability analysis of continuous-time linear systems consisting of n subsystems with different fractional orders
Authors: Busłowicz M.
Published: May 2018

The stability problem of continuous-time linear systems described by the state equation consisting of n subsystems with different fractional orders of derivatives of the state variables has been considered. The methods for asymptotic stability checking have been given. The method proposed in the general case is based on the Argument Principle and it is similar to the modified Mikhailov stability criterion known from the stability theory of natural order systems. The considerations are illustrated by numerical examples.
Numerical evaluation of fractional differ-integrals of some periodical functions via the IMT transformation
Authors: Brzeziński D. , Ostalczyk P.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents accuracy evaluation of the numerical calculations of the fractional differ-integrals. We focus on applying the Riemann-Liouville formula, on singularity, which appears while using classical form of this formula. To calculate it we use the Newton-Cotes’ Quadrature and additionally two Gaussian rules. Using this different approach to the IMT Transformation, transforming the “core” integrand of Riemann-Liouville formula, we point the possible way of increasing the accuracy of the calculations. We use our own tools and compare obtained results with, where possible, exact values, where not - values obtained using an excellent method of integration incorporated in Mathematica.
On domain selection for additive, blind image watermarking
Authors: Lipiński P.
Published: May 2018

Recently, a variety of digital watermarking schemes have been developed for copyright protection of digital images. In robust watermarking, which is used in copyright protection, transform-based algorithms are used to ensure resilience of the watermark to common signal processing attacks. The most frequently used watermarking algorithms for additive watermark embedding involve DCT, DFT, SVD and DWT domains. In this article we verify which domain is optimal for robust, the additive watermark embedding scheme. We demonstrate that in additive watermark embedding the embedding domain plays more important role than the embedding formula.
Godunov-type methods for two-component magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Murawski K. , Tanaka T.
Published: May 2018

This paper is concerned with a numerical solutions of two-component magnetohydrodynamic equations. While a hyperbolic system of wave equations admits a shock solution as a result of the selenoidality condition the MHD equations are not strictly hyperbolic. As a consequence of that these equations require special numerical treatment. An application of a resulting numerical code to a problem of solar wind interaction with the ionosphere of the planet Venus is presented.
Surface oxide layers with an increased carbon content for applications in oil-less tribological systems
Authors: Kmita Tomasz , Bara Marek
Published: May 2018

The paper presents the properties of surface oxide layers with an increased content of carbon for tribological applications. The composite surface oxide layers were produced using a two-step technology through hard anodising of the surface of an aluminium alloy, followed by thermochemical treatment of anodic oxide coatings. The surface oxide layers were subjected to tribological tests in an oil-less sliding couple with T5W plastic. The presented test results confirm the usefulness of the proposed modifications of surface oxide layers for the purpose of enhancing the operational durability of oil-less sliding couples in a reciprocating motion.
Carbon Dioxide Absorption into Aqueous Blends of N-Methyldiethanolamine and 2-Ethylaminoethanol
Authors: Moniuk Władysław , Pohorecki Ryszard , Machniewski Piotr
Published: May 2018

Measurements of the absorption rate of carbon dioxide into aqueous solutions of N-methyldiethanoloamine (MDEA) and 2-ethylaminoethanol (EAE) have been carried out. On this basis a mathematical model of the performance of an absorption column operated with aqueous solution of a blend of the above amines at elevated temperatures and pressures have been proposed. The results of simulations obtained by means of this model are described. The work is a part of a wider program, aimed at the development of a new process.
Fermentative Hydrogen Production - Process Design and Bioreactors
Authors: Waligórska Małgorzata
Published: May 2018

Substitution of fossil fuels with alternative energy carriers has become necessary due to climate change and fossil fuel shortages. Fermentation as a way of producing biohydrogen, an attractive and environmentally friendly future energy carrier, has captured received increasing attention in recent years because of its high H2 production rate and a variety of readily available waste substrates used in the process. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of fermentative biohydrogen production, factors affecting this process, as well as various bioreactor configurations and performance parameters, including H2 yield and H2 production rate.
Evaluation of Biogas Collection from Reed Canary Grass, Depending on Nitrogen Fertilisation Levels
Authors: Kacprzak Anna , Matyka Mariusz , Krzystek Liliana , Ledakowicz Stanisław
Published: May 2018

The world in 21st century is facing the problem of growing energy consumption while the supply of fossil fuels is being reduced. This resulted in the development of research into the use of renewable energy sources and development of new technologies for energy production. In Polish conditions the development of agricultural biogas plants finds its legitimacy in the document developed by the Ministry titled "Trends in agricultural biogas plants in Poland in 2010-2020”. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the weather conditions and the degree of nitrogen fertilisation on yield of reed canary grass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.) and to determine their susceptibility to anaerobic digestion, and usefulness of the production of biogas. Carried out experiments showed that increasing nitrogen fertilisation (from 40 to 120 kg N/ha) linearly increased canary grass green biomass yield from 32 to 46.3 t/ha. However, the highest biogas yield 126 m3/ha was obtained when 80 kg N/ha was applied.
Algorithms and methods for analysis of the optical structure factor of fractal aggregates
Authors: Mroczka Janusz , Woźniak Mariusz , Onofri Fabrice R.A.
Published: May 2018

We introduce numerical methods and algorithms to estimate the main parameters of fractal-like particle aggregates from their optical structure factor (i.e. light scattering diagrams). The first algorithm is based on a direct and simple method, but its applicability is limited to aggregates with large size parameter and intermediate fractal dimension. The second algorithm requires to build calibration curves based on accurate particle agglomeration and particle light scattering models. It allows analyzing the optical structure factor of much smaller aggregates, regardless of their fractal dimension and the size of the single particles. Therefore, this algorithm as well as the introduction of a criterial curve to detect the different scattering regimes, are thought to be powerful tools to perform reliable and reproducible analysis.
Method of testing and correcting signal amplifiers’ transfer function using prony analysis
Authors: Zygarlicki Jarosław , Mroczka Janusz
Published: May 2018

This article presents a way of analyzing the transfer function of electronic signal amplifiers. It also describes the possibility of using signal precorrection which improves the parasitic harmonics in the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of the amplified signal by correcting linearity of the tested amplifier’s transfer function. The proposed method of analyzing and presenting the transfer function allows to diagnose the causes of generating parasitic harmonics, what makes it a useful tool when designing low distortion amplifier systems, such as e.g. amplifiers in measurement systems. The presented THD correction can be used in e.g. amplifier systems that cooperate with arbitrary generators.
Networked object monitor – a distributed system for monitoring, diagnostics and control of complex industrial facilities
Authors: Kowalczuk Zdzisław , Wszołek Jakub
Published: May 2018

The paper puts forward a method of designing and creating a complete computer system for monitoring and diagnosis of business and industrial facilities, as well as for control purposes. The proposed solution represents a computer-network system being a practical tool for communication, control and management of modern plants and enterprises. The applied concept of communication, based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), makes a new attempt to solve certain performance problems met when using a (previously developed) Networked Object Monitor (NOM). The principal idea of increasing the performance of NOM lies in employing a common data bus, refereed to as a Diagnostic Service Bus (DSB), in the NOM monitor. The paper also describes a preliminary concept of a network description language (SMOL), which is designed to describe the functions, mechanisms, and network devices and to be a basis for simulation and verification of the NOMmonitor function.
The influence of method of point collection on results with the use of a measuring arm
Authors: Ratajczyk Eugeniusz , Rak Michał , Kowaluk Tomasz
Published: May 2018

Comparison studies of different measurement methods using a Coordinate Measuring Arm are presented. Studies were divided into two parts. The first was point measurements of contact and pseudo-scanning contact measurements. The second part consisted of point measurements of contact and non-contact scanning measurements. Contact research (point measurements and the pseudo-scanning) were accomplished with the use of PowerINSPECT software, whereas non-contact with use of Focus Handheld and Focus Inspection software. Handheld Focus was used to collect a point cloud and its processing, while the detection of set elements was made using the second software from the group of Focus. According to the developed procedure for both parts sample elements with known nominal values were measured (available CAD model of object of research). It became the basis for examining whether there are statistically significant differences between results of different methods in both parts. Statistical comparison of measurement methods was carried out using four tests: Comparison of Means, Comparison of Standard Deviations, Comparison of Medians and a Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test.
In-situ automatic observations of ice thickness of seas
Authors: Dou Yinke , Chang Xiaomin
Published: May 2018

Ice thickness is one of the most critical physical indicators in the ice science and engineering. It is therefore very necessary to develop in-situ automatic observation technologies of ice thickness. This paper proposes the principle of three new technologies of in-situ automatic observations of sea ice thickness and provides the findings of laboratory applications. The results show that the in-situ observation accuracy of the monitor apparatus based on the Magnetostrictive Delay Line (MDL) principle can reach ±2 mm, which has solved the “bottleneck” problem of restricting the fine development of a sea ice thermodynamic model, and the resistance accuracy of monitor apparatus with temperature gradient can reach the centimeter level and research the ice and snow substance balance by automatically measuring the glacier surface ice and snow change. The measurement accuracy of the capacitive sensor for ice thickness can also reach ±4 mm and the capacitive sensor is of the potential for automatic monitoring the water level under the ice and the ice formation and development process in water. Such three new technologies can meet different needs of fixed-point ice thickness observation and realize the simultaneous measurement in order to accurately judge the ice thickness.
Solution of Some Problems oOf Single-Scale Wavelet Transform Processor Using a Magnetostatic Surface Wave Device
Authors: Lu Wenke , Kuang Lun , Lü Xiaozhou , Zhu Changchun , Zhang Ting , Zhang Jingduan
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we investigate the implementation schemes of a single-scale wavelet transform processor using magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) devices. There are three implementation schemes: the interdigital transducer, the meander line transducer and the grating transducer. Because the interdigital transducer has excellent properties, namely, good frequency characteristic and low insertion loss, we use the interdigital transducer as the implementation scheme of a single-scale wavelet transform processor using MSSW device.

In the paper, we also present the solutions to the three key problems: the direct coupling between the input transducer and the output transducer, the insertion loss, and the loss characteristics of the gyromagnetic film having an influence on the wavelet transform processor. There are two methods of reducing the direct coupling between the input transducer and the output transducer: increasing the distance between the input transducer and the output transducer, and placing a metal “wall” between the input transducer and the output transducer. There also are two methods of reducing the insertion loss of a single-scale wavelet transform processor using a MSSW device for scale: the appropriate thickness of the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film and the uniform magnetic field.The smaller the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of the gyromagnetic film , the smaller the magnetostatic wave propagation loss.
The Influence of Limited Dynamic Response of the Indicator Detector in a Swan-Ganz Catheter on the Overestimation of Cardiac Output Measurement By Means of Thermodilution
Authors: Gawlikowski Maciej , Pustelny Tadeusz
Published: May 2018

Nowadays the “gold clinical standard” of hemodynamics diagnostic and cardiac output measurements is pulmonary artery catheterization by means of the Swan-Ganz catheter and thermodilution. The method itself is sensitive to numerous disturbances which cause inaccurate results. One of the well-known disadvantages of thermodilution is the overestimation of results at low values of cardiac output. This effect may concern the limited slew rate of the thermoelement mounted at the tip of the catheter. In this paper the relationship between the dynamic response of the thermoelement and the uncertainty of cardiac output measurements by means of thermodilution has been investigated theoretically and experimentally.
Energy of Intrinsic Mode Function for Gas-Liquid Flow Pattern Identification
Authors: Sun Zhiqiang , Gong Hui
Published: May 2018

Gas-liquid flows abound in a great variety of industrial processes. Correct recognition of the regimes of a gasliquid flow is one of the most formidable challenges in multiphase flow measurement. Here we put forward a novel approach to the classification of gas-liquid flow patterns. In this method a flow-pattern map is constructed based on the average energy of intrinsic mode function and the volumetric void fraction of gas-liquid mixture. The intrinsic mode function is extracted from the pressure fluctuation across a bluff body using the empirical mode decomposition technique. Experiments adopting air and water as the working fluids are conducted in the bubble, plug, slug, and annular flow patterns at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Verification tests indicate that the identification rate of the flow-pattern map developed exceeds 90%. This approach is appropriate for the gas-liquid flow pattern identification in practical applications.
Rapid Prototyping Methodology of Embedded Controlacquisition System
Authors: Augustyn Jacek , Bień Andrzej
Published: May 2018

Modern control and measurement systems are equipped with interfaces to operate in local area networks and are typically intended to perform complicated data processing and control algorithms. The authors propose a digital system for rapid prototyping of target application devices. The concept solution separates the processing and control section from the hardware interface and user interface section. Both sections constitute independent ARM-based controllers interconnected via a direct USB link. Popular libraries can be used and low-level procedures developed, which enhances the system’s economic viability. A test unit developed for the purpose of the study was built around a SoC ARM7 microsystem and an off-the-shelf palmtop device. It demonstrated a continuous data stream transfer capability up to 150 kB per second, which was sufficient to monitor the performance of an electricity line.
Influence of temperature on low cycle properties of martensitic cast steel
Authors: Golanski Grzegorz , Mrozinski Stanisław , Werner Krzysztof
Published: May 2018

The paper presents the results of research on low cycle properties of highchromium martensitic GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 (GP91) cast steel. The tests of fatigue strength were carried out at two temperatures: room temperature and at 600°C. At both temperatures the occurrence of cyclic softening of the cast steel was observed, revealing no clear stabilization period. Moreover, it has been proved that the fatigue life is influenced by the temperature which depends on the level of strain. The greatest influence was observed for the smallest strain levels applied in the research.
The examination of biophysical parameters of skin (transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and pH value) in different body regions of ponies
Authors: Szczepanik M.P. , Wilkołek P.M. , Pluta M. , Adamek Ł.R. , Pomorski Z.J.H.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and skin pH in normal ponies. Sixteen ponies of both sexes were examined in the study. Measurements were taken from seven different sites: the neck region, the shoulder, thorax, lumbar, inguinal, lip region and the auricle. In each of the regions transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and skin pH were measured. For transepidermal water loss, the lowest values were observed in the lumbar region (9.71g/hm2), while the highest values were observed in the lip region (22.35 g/hm2). In the case of skin hydration the lowest values were observed for the thorax region (2.13 CU), and the highest for the lip region (41.81 CU). For skin pH, the lowest results were obtained in the lumbar region (6.93), and the highest in the lip region (7.96).
Seroprevalence of BHV-1 (bovine herpesvirus type 1) among non-vaccinated dairy cattle herds with respiratory disorders
Authors: Rypuła K. , Płoneczka-Janeczko K. , Kita J. , Kumala A. , Żmudziński J.F.
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study was to estimate a herd-level seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) in herds with clinical symptoms of the respiratory tract. Eighty-three herds with suspected BHV-1 infection were selected and divided into two categories with respect to their size: small (n=27) and large herds (n=56). Samples were collected from calves, heifers and cows older than 24 months. Seroprevalence was determined using the gB ELISA test. The herd level seroprevalence was estimated as 53% (44/83) in the tested herds, 11.1% (3/27) in the small herds and 73.2% (41/56) in the large herds. Our study suggests that the current biosecurity measures still warrant improvement.
Inflammation- and axotomy-induced changes in cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nervous structures in the porcine descending colon
Authors: Burliński P.J.
Published: May 2018

This study reports on changes in CART-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve structures in the porcine descending colon during chemically driven inflammation and after axotomy. The distribution pattern of CART-LI nerve structures was studied using doublelabeling immunofluorescence technique in the circular muscle layer, myenteric (MP), outer submucous (OSP) and inner submucous plexuses (ISP) and also in the mucosal layer of the porcine descending colon in physiological conditions as well as under pathological factors. In the control animals, CART-LI perikarya have been shown to constitute 5.11% ± 0.64, 4.03% ± 1.17 and 0.05% ± 0.04 in MP, OSP and ISP, respectively.

Changes in CART-immunoreactivity depended on the pathological factor and the part of the enteric nervous system (ENS) studied. Numbers of CART-LI perikarya amounted to 2.77% ± 0.64, 2.60% ± 0.36 and 0.26% ± 0.19 during chemically-induced colitis and 3.04% ± 0.88, 2.46% ± 0.8 and 0.43% ± 0.09 after axotomy in MP, OSP and ISP, respectively.

Both studied pathological processes also caused an increase in the number of CART-LI nerve fibers in the circular muscle as well as in the mucosal layer.
An experiment with spectral analysis of emotional speech affected by orthodontic appliances
Authors: Přibil Jiří , Přibilová Anna , Ďuračková Daniela
Published: May 2018

The contribution describes the effect of the fixed and removable orthodontic appliances on spectral properties of emotional speech. Spectral changes were analyzed and evaluated by spectrograms and mean Welch’s periodograms. This alternative approach to the standard listening test enables to obtain objective comparison based on statistical analysis by ANOVA and hypothesis tests. Obtained results of analysis performed on short sentences of a female speaker in four emotional states (joyous, sad, angry, and neutral) show that, first of all, the removable orthodontic appliance affects the spectrograms of produced speech.
Elimination of harmonic induced viable bifurcations with TCSC for ac–fed electric arc furnaces
Authors: Varan Metin , Uyarog̃lu Yılmaz
Published: May 2018

AC-fed electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are known with their unbalanced, excessively nonlinear and time varying load characteristics. The nonlinear oscillations produced by EAF operation cause several problems to interconnected feed system. Injection of harmonics/interharmonics and rising flicker effects on the feed system are two of major problems produced by EAF. These nonlinear effects result into quasistatic changes in the feed system parameters (L − R) . In last decade many studies have been reported that such quasistatic changes in the feed system parameters result in viable bifurcation formations which strictly cause sudden and drastic changes on system behaviors. This paper presents an analytical control procedure to eliminate viable bifurcation points on L − I and R − I curves that cause sudden resonant peak arc currents. After control procedure, stability margins of EAF are extended into larger levels and viable bifurcation points on the feed system parameter have been eliminated. During study, possible roles of small parameter changes of uncontrolled EAF around bifurcation points and controlled EAF have been traced over time series analysis, phase plane analysis and bifurcation diagrams. A wide collection of useful dynamic analysis procedures for the exploration of studied arc furnace dynamics have been handled through the AUTO open-source algorithms.
Occurence, Swarming Behaviour and of Laying Eggs in Two Brachycera Species (Diptera: Tabanidae, Dolichopodidae) From Syria
Authors: Popescu–Mirceni Răzvan
Published: May 2018

The paper presents two dipteran species of Brachycera suborder which belong to the families Tabanidae and Dolichopodidae, reported from Syria for the first time. Egg laying in Tabanusquatuornotatus Meigen, 1820 and swarming in Medetera saxatilis Collin, 1941 were observed and photographed; drawings of the external morphology were also made as well as of the male genitalia of the second species.
Structure of epiphyton communities on Lake Baikal submerged macrophytes
Authors: Pomazkina Galina , Kravtsova Lyubov , Sorokovikova Ekaterina
Published: May 2018

We carried out a first study of Lake Baikal epiphyton on six species of submerged macrophytes: Myriophyllum spicatum L., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Potamogeton sp., Sparganium gramineum Georgi, Ceratophyllum demersum L., and Elodea сanadensis Michaux. We identified 70 epiphyton species and intraspecific taxa belonging to 3 phyla, viz. Ochrophyta, Cyanobacteria, and Chlorophyta. Nine species of Cyanobacteria were new records for Lake Baikal. Epiphyton communities differing in species composition and quantitative characteristics grew on diverse species of submerged macrophytes. High levels of species richness were recorded on Sparganiumgramineum and Potamogeton sp., whereas low diversity of epiphyton was observed on Myriophyllum spicatum and Elodea canadensis. A monodominant community was revealed on the invasive Elodea canadensis represented by Cocconeis placentula var. placentula. Specific characteristics of morphology of submerged macrophytes influenced the structural organization and quantitative development of epiphyton. Epiphyton abundance and biomass were higher on upper sections of most plants than on lower sections, probably because of canopy shading of macrophyte lower portions.
Heavy metal remediation technologies in Latvia: possible applications and preliminary case study results / Technologie remediacji obszarów zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi na Łotwie: możliwe zastosowania i wstępne wyniki badań
Authors: Burlakovs Juris , Vircavs Magnuss
Published: May 2018

Environmental contamination with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities is not a recent phenomenon. Contaminated sites with heavy metals can be found in functioning as well as abandoned industrial (brownfield) territories, landfills, residential areas with historical contamination, road sides and rarely in polluted sites by natural activities. Pollution data on its amount and concentrations is known from historical studies and monitoring nowadays, but it should be periodically updated for the use of territorial planning or in case of a change of the land use. A special attention should be paid to heavy metal contamination, because in many cases this contamination is most problematic for remediation. 242 territories now are numbered as contaminated and fixed in the National Register of contaminated territories - at least 56 of them are known as contaminated with heavy metals in different amount and concentration. Legislative aspects are discussed as well as an overview of soil and groundwater contamination research and the possible remediation technologies in Latvia are given. Two case studies are described in order to give the inside look in pre-investigations done before potential start of heavy metal remediation works.
Morphometric Characteristics of the Reproductive System in Polish Large White and Polish Landrace Gilts at 100 Kg Body Weight / Charakterystyka morfometryczna układu rozrodczego loszek wielkiej białej polskiej i polskiej białej zwisłouchej przy masie ciała 100 kg
Authors: Kapelański Wojciech , Jankowiak Hanna , Bocian Maria , Grajewska Salomea , Dybała Jan , Żmudzińska Anna
Published: May 2018

The study involved an analysis of the developmental stage of reproductive organs collected at slaughter from 160 gilts (Polish Large White (PLW), n = 80; Polish Landrace (PL), n = 80) at 100 kg body weight. Due to a large variation in slaughter age (140-190 days), three groups of animals were set up: A (less than 160 days), B (160 to 180 days) and C (more than 180 days). PL gilts reached their slaughter weight earlier than PLW gilts (P≤0.05). Uterine weight increased with the age of animals but due to high variability and large deviations from the mean value, statistically significant differences were demonstrated only between gilt groups A and B for both breeds together (120.57 g vs. 148.83 g; P≤0.05). Larger differences related to the age of the gilts were found for cervical length between the groups compared (P≤0.01). The total length of the right and left uterine horns showed a significant increase with age in PLW gilts (P≤0.05). The ratio between uterine weight without ligament and the length of uterine horns (g/cm) was significantly higher in group B than in group A in gilts of both breeds together (P≤0.05), which might indicate thickening of the uterine walls. Uterine capacity was significantly higher in older animals yet due to a large variability of this trait, no significant differences between the groups were shown. The length and diameter of oviducts, the weight of each ovary, their sum and dimensions did not reveal any consistent changes associated with the age or breed of pigs. However, the size of the ovaries determined volumetrically and reported as the volume of ovaries in gilts of both breeds was significantly larger in group B compared with C (P≤0.01). No significant differences related to the studied traits were stated between PLW and PL prepubertal gilts. However, the effect of age on morphometric development of the reproductive system was more pronounced in PLW than in PL gilts.
Effect of Dietary Acidifier on Growth, Mortality, Post-Slaughter Parameters and Meat Composition of Broiler Chickens / Wpływ zakwaszacza diety na masę ciała, śmiertelność, wydajność rzeźną i skład mięsa kurcząt rzeźnych
Authors: Brzóska Franciszek , Śliwiński Bogdan , Michalik-Rutkowska Olga
Published: May 2018

An experiment with 608 broiler chickens was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary acidifier level on body weight, feed consumption and conversion, mortality, dressing percentage, postmortem carcass traits, tissue composition of breast and leg muscles, and plasma chemical parameters. Feeding the acidifier to chickens at 3, 6 and 9 g/kg of the diet reduced the pH of starter and grower diets from 6.90 to 5.89, and from 6.28 to 5.73, respectively. Compared to the control group, dietary acidification significantly increased body weight of chickens by 6.2, 8.2 and 8.2% at 21 days of age, and by 2.7, 3.6 and 3.7% at 42 days of age, respectively (P<0.01). Mortality decreased from 2.58% in the control group to 0.00-0.59% in the experimental groups (P<0.01). Acidification of the diets increased EEI-index from 327 (control group) to 348 points in the experimental group supplemented with 9% (9 g/kg) acidifier, but had no significant effect on feed consumption and feed conversion ratio among treatments. The relative weight of breast and leg muscles, gizzard, liver and carcass depot fat was not affected by dietary treatments. Breast muscles represented 27.7% (control group) and 27.9% (experimental groups) of the carcass weight. Leg muscles made up 21.5% and 20.7% of the carcass weight, respectively. There were no significant differences in chemical composition of breast and leg muscles, including dry matter, protein and fat content. No significant differences between the control and experimental chickens were noted for determined blood plasma constituents, glucose, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein. The results suggested that organic acid acidifier used in this experiment at the rates of 3 to 9 g/kg diet has a growth enhancing and mortality reducing effect in broiler chickens, with no significant influence on carcass yield, proportion of individual carcass parts and blood plasma constituents. It seems that the amount of 6g of the applied acidifier per kilogram of feed may be recommended as the optimum dietary level if protein in the diet does not exceed 200-230 g crude protein per kilogram of diet.
The Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of Goose Leg Muscles / Wpływ oleju rybnego na profil lipidowy i skład kwasów tłuszczowych oraz stabilność oksydacyjną mięśni nóg gęsi
Authors: Yanovych Dmytro , Czech Anna , Zasadna Zwenyslava
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fish oil added to feed mixtures for geese on their growth, lipid profile and antioxidant status of leg muscles. Ninety-six Arzamas geese were randomly divided into two groups and fed from 30 to 60 days of life standard mixtures containing soybean oil (control) or fish oil at 5%. The addition of fish oil to the feed mixtures for geese increased the content of EPA and DHA, and decreased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in fat of breast muscles compared to birds fed the control mixture. It also resulted in a considerable increase in the content of phospholipids and decreased the content of glycerol, free fatty acids as well as triacylglycerols and esterified cholesterol. The type of fat source had no effect on the content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Drying kinetics of dill leaves in a convective dryer
Authors: Motevali A. , Younji S. , Chayjan R. Amiri , Aghilinategh N. , Banakar A.
Published: May 2018

Thin layer drying characteristics of dill leaves under fixed, semi-fluidized, and fluidized bed conditions were studied at air temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 60°C. In order to find a suitable drying curve, 12 thin layer-drying models were fitted to the experimental data of the moisture ratio. Among the applied mathematical models, the Midilli et al. model was the best for drying behavior prediction in thin layer drying of dill leaves. To obtain the optimum network for drying of dill leaves, various numbers of multilayer feed-forward neural networks were made and tested with different numbers of hidden layers and neurons. The best neural network feed-forward back-propagation topology for the prediction of drying of dill leaves (moisture ratio and drying rate) was the 3-45-2 structure with the training algorithm trainlm and threshold functions logsig and purelin. The coefficient of determination for this topology for training, validation, and testing patterns was 0.9998, 0.9981, and 0.9990, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity of dill leaves during the drying process in different bed types was found to be in the range from 7.10 10-12 to 1.62 10-10 m2 s-1. Also, the values of activation energy were determined to be between 75.435 and 80.118 kJ mol-1
Influence of silver nanoparticles on food components in wheat
Authors: Nawrocka A. , Cieśla J.
Published: May 2018

During storage, grain might be affected by bacterial and fungal infections. Pathogens diminish the grain quality through contamination with excrements and second metabolites. It is very important to prevent grain from infections. Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles can play the role of an effective protector. The influence of nanoparticles on wheat quality was studied. The gluten parameters and falling number did not change after covering the grain with silver nanoparticles stabilized by sodium citrate. Changes in the structure of starch and gluten were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectra of the whole meal and starch have shown a slight shift (from 1 000 to 995cm-1) of the band connected with the C-O-H bending. This displacement is probably related to the changes in sample moisture. Significant differences, corresponding to changes in the protein secondary structure, have appeared in the gluten spectra after covering.A decrease of absorbance in the amide and CH and OH regions has been observed regardless of the covering time.
Spatial variability of uncultivated soils in derived savanna
Authors: Obalum S.E. , Oppong J. , Igwe C.A. , Watanabe Y. , Obi M.E.
Published: May 2018

The spatial variability of some physicochemical properties of topsoils/subsoils under secondary forest, grassland fallow, and bare-soil fallow of three locations was evaluated. The data were analyzed and described using classical statistical parameters. Based on the coefficient of variation, bulk density, total porosity, 60-cm-tension moisture content, and soil pH were of low variability. Coarse and fine sand were of moderate variability. Highly variable soil properties included silt, clay, macroporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter concentration, and cation exchange capacity. Overall, soil pH and silt varied the least and the most, respectively. Relative weighting showed that location dominantly influenced the soil variability, except for soil porosity and organic matter concentration influenced mostly by land use. Most of the soil data were normally distributed; others were positively skewed and/or kurtotic. The minimum number of samples (at 25 samples ha-1) required to estimate mean values of soil properties was highly soil property-specific, ranging from 1 (topsoil pH-H2O) to 246 (topsoil silt). Cation exchange capacity of subsoils related fairly strongly with cation exchange capacity of topsoils (R2 = 0.63). Spatial variability data can be used to extrapolate dynamic soil properties across a derived-savanna landscape.
Physical properties of kumquat fruit
Authors: Jaliliantabar F. , Lorestani A.N. , Gholami R.
Published: May 2018

Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.
Usage of Connor Inlets to Eliminate Shrinkage
Authors: Fecko D. , Vasková I. , Eperješi Ľ. , Závodný M.
Published: May 2018

The demand for castings of high quality and sound work is nowadays very high. The production of sound castings without foundry errors is the big issue in modern foundries. Foundry simulation software can do a lot to help improve the disposition of castings, gating system and feeder system, and assure good filling and solidification conditions, and also produce sound casting without the need of the old method of "try and error". One can easily change a lot of parameters for filling and solidification, and create the best proposal for production. Connor inlets have two functions. One is that it serves as an ingate, through which molten metal passes and comes into the mould cavity. The second function is that it serves as a feeder and substitutes the metal contracted during solidification and cooling of the castings. It can also save quite a lot of metal in comparison to classic feeders.
Continuous Modification of Cast Iron By the FLORET Method
Authors: Hanus A. , Hanusová P.
Published: May 2018

Increasing demands on the utility properties of materials used for castings have led to the production of cast iron with a modified shape of graphite, where the required properties are achieved by a change in graphite shape, its size and layout, and a change in the basic structure of the metal. This paper is focused on the continuous method of producing spheroidal graphite FLOTRET.

In the introductory section is summarized the theoretical foundations of the secondary treatment of cast irons, especially the FLOTRET flow method, describes the advantages and disadvantages of the method. The practical part is divided into laboratory and operational tests. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a laboratory-type modifier FLOTRET chamber, which was designed and hydraulically optimized. Experiments were focused on the effects of pressure altitude and amount of modifier on the residual values of magnesium, as conditions for a successful modification. The method was tested in two foundries under operating conditions and in one of them was observed a long-term modification process.
Analysis of the Compounds from the BTEX Group, Emitted During Thermal Decomposition of Alkyd Resin
Authors: Kubecki M. , Holtzer M. , Bobrowski A. , Dańko R. , Grabowska B. , Żymankowska-Kumon S.
Published: May 2018

Suitability of the given binding agent for the moulding sands preparation depends on the one hand on the estimation of technological properties of the sand and the mould made of it and the obtained casting quality and on the other hand on the assessment of this sand influence on the natural and working environment. Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin (phenol-formaldehyde, urea, furfuryl, urea-furfuryl, alkyd) under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be formed and released.

The aim of the study was the development of the method, selection of analytical methods and the determination of optimal conditions of formation compounds from the BTEX group. An emission of these components constitutes one of the basic criteria of the harmfulness assessment of binders applied for moulding and core sands. Investigations were carried out in the specially designed set up for the thermal decomposition of organic substances in a temperature range: 5000C - 13000C at the laboratory scale. The object for testing was alkyd resin applied as a binding material for moulding sands. Within investigations the minimal amount of adsorbent necessary for the adsorption of compounds released during the decomposition of the resin sample of a mass app. 15 mg was selected. Also the minimal amount of solvent needed for the desorption of compounds adsorbed in the column with adsorbent was found. The temperature range, in which the maximal amounts of benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene and xylenes are released from the resin, was defined. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds from the BTEX group were performed by means of the gas chromatography combined with the mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Casting Ductile Iron in Layer Moulds Made from Ecological Sands
Authors: Rączka M. , Gandurski K. , Isendorf B.
Published: May 2018

The article contains the results of tests performed under the target project in Hardtop Foundry Charsznica. The objective of the tests and studies was to develop a technology of making high-quality ductile iron castings, combined with effective means of environmental protection. The studies presented in this article related to castings weighing from 1 to 300 kg made from ductile iron of grades 400-15 and 500-7, using two-layer moulds, where the facing and core sand was the sand with an alkaline organic binder, while backing sand was the sand with an inorganic geopolymer binder.

A simplified method of sand reclamation was applied with possible reuse of the reclaim as an addition to the backing sand. The cast iron spheroidising treatment and inoculation were selected taking into account the specific conditions of Hardtop Foundry. A pilot batch of castings was made, testing the gating and feeding systems and using exothermic sleeves on risers. The study confirmed the validity of the adopted concept of making ductile iron castings in layer moulds, while maintaining the content of sand with an organic binder at a level of maximum 15%.
Czesław Miłosz „Syn arcykapłana” – interpretacja wiersza
Authors: Bernacki Marek
Published: May 2018

This analysis of Czesław Miłosz’s late poem The Archpriest’s Son from his volume LastPoems (2006) combines a hermeneutic interpretation of this text in its historic, religious and theological contexts (the relevant contexts are sought in the writings of Geza Vermes and Leszek Kołakowski). Imitating the rhetorical patterns of the classical judicial oratio, the poem presents the contradictory assessessments of the character of Jesus. While the Christians believe him to be the Son of God and Messiah, the Orthodox Jews denounce him as a traitor and blasphemer. Miłosz problematizes the issue of Jesus’ identity without throwing his weight behind any of the two parties. It would seem that his intention is to make the reader think the key issue over by himself.
The analysis of visual variables for use in the cartographic design of point symbols for mobile Augmented Reality applications
Authors: Halik Łukasz
Published: May 2018

The objective of the present deliberations was to systematise our knowledge of static visual variables used to create cartographic symbols, and also to analyse the possibility of their utilisation in the Augmented Reality (AR) applications on smartphone-type mobile devices. This was accomplished by combining the visual variables listed over the years by different researchers. Research approach was to determine the level of usefulness of particular characteristics of visual variables such as selective, associative, quantitative and order. An attempt was made to provide an overview of static visual variables and to describe the AR system which is a new paradigm of the user interface.

Changing the approach to the presentation of point objects is caused by applying different perspective in the observation of objects (egocentric view) than it is done on traditional analogue maps (geocentric view). Presented topics will refer to the fast-developing field of cartography, namely mobile cartography. Particular emphasis will be put on smartphone-type mobile devices and their applicability in the process of designing cartographic symbols.
Toxicity Testing of Sediments
Authors: Šestinová Oľga , Findoráková Lenka , Hančuľák Jozef
Published: May 2018

This study presents the results of the testing toxicity of the contaminated sediments from the water reservoir of Ružín No.I deposit (Slovak Republic) by using Phytotoxkit tests (MicroBioTests Inc., Belgium). The Phytotoxkit system is a screening tool used for a variety of toxicity testing applications. The advantages of this toxicity bioassay are its speed, relative simplicity and low cost compared to chemical analysis and many other biotests. Evaluation of sediments phytotoxicity was based on the testing of seed germination and the assesment of the root growth decrease of the plant Sinapis alba which allows to complete the assays after only 3 days of incubacion. Chemical analysis of the sediment samples involved determination of heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Sb and Hg) concentration. No potential phytotoxic effect of heavy metals in contaminated sediments was observed in the majority of tested seeds of Sinapis alba.
Removal of Cd2+ And Pb2+ from Aqueous Solutions Using Bio-Char Residues
Authors: Štefušová Katarína , Lovás Michal , Zubrik Anton , Matik Marek , Václavíková Miroslava
Published: May 2018

In this paper, wheat straw and rapeseed residues before and after microwave pyrolysis during biooil production were studied as potential sorbents of heavy metals. The sorbents were characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Sorption properties of the materials were investigated using batch adsorption-equilibrium experiments and the effect of initial Cd and Pb concentration was studied. The experimental data fit Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum sorption affinity of studied materials was observed in the case of rapeseed and its sorption capacity was 31.6 and 83.5 mg/g for Cd and Pb, respectively.