bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Observations of Rotary-With-Depth Shear Spectra
Authors: Waterhouse Amy F. , Hennon Tyler , Kunze Eric , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Alford Matthew H. , Pinkel Robert , Simmons Harper , Whalen Caitlin B. , Fine Elizabeth C. , Klymak Jody , Hummon Julia M.
Published: August 2022

Internal waves are predominantly generated by winds, tide/topography interactions and balanced flow/topography interactions. Observations of vertical shear of horizontal velocity (uz, vz) from LADCP profiles conducted during GO-SHIP hydrographic surveys, as well as vessel-mounted sonars, are used to interpret these signals. Vertical directionality of intermediate-wavenumber [λz ~ 𝒪(100 m)] internal waves is inferred in this study from rotary-with-depth shears. Total shear variance and vertical asymmetry ratio (Ω), i.e. the normalized difference between downward- and upward-propagating intermediate wavenumber shear variance, where Ω > 0 (< 0) indicates excess downgoing (upgoing) shear variance, are calculated for three depth ranges: 200-600 m, 600 m to 1000 mab (meters above bottom), and below 1000 mab. Globally, downgoing (clockwise-with-depth in the northern hemisphere) exceeds upgoing (counterclockwise-with-depth in the northern hemisphere) shear variance by 30% in the upper 600 m of the water column (corresponding to the globally averaged asymmetry ratio of = 0.13), with a near-equal distribution below 600-m depth ( ~ 0). Downgoing shear variance in the upper water column dominates at all latitudes. There is no statistically significant correlation between the global distribution of Ω and internal wave generation, pointing to an important role for processes that re-distribute energy within the internal wave continuum on wavelengths of 𝒪(100 m).
Personality traits as mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder: A structural equation model
Authors: Wrobel Anna L , Russell Samantha E , Jayasinghe Anuradhi , Kavanagh Bianca E , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Turner Alyna , Dean Olivia M , Cotton Sue M , Diaz-Byrd Claudia , Yocum Anastasia K , Duval Elizabeth R , Ehrlich Tobin J , Marshall David F , Berk Michael , McInnis Melvin G
Published: August 2022

Background:

Childhood trauma is negatively associated with depression severity in bipolar disorder; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of bipolar depression.

Methods:

Data from 209 individuals with bipolar disorder recruited for the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder were analysed. Using structural equation modelling, we examined the direct and indirect associations between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and depression severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) – with the personality traits (NEO Personality Inventory–Revised) as mediators.

Results:

The direct effect of childhood trauma on depression severity (standardised β = 0.32, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI] = 0.20–0.45, p < 0.001) and the indirect effect via neuroticism (standardised β = 0.03, 95% bootstrap CI [0.002, 0.07], p = 0.039) were significant; supporting a partial mediation model. The indirect effect accounted for 9% of the total effect of childhood trauma on depression severity (standardised β = 0.09, 95% bootstrap CI [0.002, 0.19], p = 0.046). The final model had a good fit with the data (comparative fit index = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, 90% CI = [0.02, 0.07]).

Conclusion:

Personality traits may be relevant psychological mediators that link childhood trauma to a more severe clinical presentation of bipolar depression. Consequently, a person’s personality structure may be a crucial operative factor to incorporate in therapeutic plans when treating individuals with bipolar disorder who report a history of childhood trauma.
Emphasis on Leadership Competencies and Professional Ethics for Human Resource Professionals: Analysing the Recruitment Advertisements
Authors: Gaurav Jayant
Published: August 2022

Human Resource (HR) as a functional domain is largely concerned with managing the human capital of an organisation, and it aims to achieve maximum output by realising the full potential of workforce. This article attempts to analyse the emphasis put by organisations on three important competencies, namely, leadership traits, social intelligence and ethics. The extent of emphasis put on these three competencies was determined through a qualitative analysis of around 450 job advertisements (job ads) posted by organisations for the purpose of recruiting HR managers at various levels in their organisations. The results obtained after manual coding and analysis of these job advertisements suggest that although traits of leadership, social intelligence and ethics are important competencies for HR professionals, organisations put weak emphasis on communicating this at the time of recruitment. If we compare among leadership, social intelligence and ethics, Leadership is the most emphasised upon at the time of recruitment for HR managers. Overall, it was found that, organisations neither communicated their ethics and values as part of their job advertisements and nor put specific insistence for these qualities in candidates applying for the HR positions therein. At this point, it is difficult to say whether or not these competencies are assessed by interviewers before finally selecting them, and the resultant validity and reliability of the process is questionable.
Magnetic anomaly of long track detection method based on wavelet combining with fractal for high speed maglev transit
Authors: Zhang Yunzhou , Chao Chuang , Wu Jun , Zhang Yuxin , Hong Xiaobo
Published: August 2022

A scheme of detecting magnetic field anomaly is proposed to find local short circuit faults in long stator cores of high speed maglev transit. And a composite magnetic anomaly signal processing method is designed based on wavelet with fractal, screening out a little anomalous data from massive data. First, suspicious data are quickly recognized by applying multiple fractal spectra, then being confirmed by wavelet modulus maxima calculation. The experiment results show that the method is immune to the fluctuation of 8–12 mm suspension gap and its hit rate can be improved by more than 66%.
Asian critical theory in understanding the women victims of anti-Asian hate crimes
Authors: Lee Sangeun
Published: August 2022

Asian critical theory provides a conceptual lens to understand how racism affects Asian Americans and their communities as a racially marginalized population. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-Asian crimes were witnessed at a heightened level and highlighted by the Atlanta massacre. Six out of eight victims were Asian women. The author calls for the utilization of Asian critical theory to elevate the conceptualization of their challenges and provide an analytical tool to interpret the Atlanta massacre. Within the global practice, this tailored approach grounded in the fieldwork and theory can help the immigrants and their rights in the global context.
Related or Unrelated Variety and Economic Growth of South Asian Countries
Authors: Ishaq Amna , Ali Muhammad , Naveed Samina
Published: August 2022

Recent literature on knowledge spillovers argues that diversified economic structures are more conducive to knowledge spillovers than specialized structures: a concept that is generally known as Jacobian Externalities. It further argues that diversification can be further decomposed into two forms, that is, related variety (RV) and unrelated variety (UV). RV is the diversification of production in related or similar products, whereas UV is the diversification of production in unrelated or dissimilar products. Most of the existing research on RV and UV is on advanced economies, and research on developing countries, particularly in the South Asian region that mostly produces agricultural and textile products, is scarce. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between RV and UV with economic growth in six South Asian countries using secondary data from 1995 to 2019. Since products at two-digit Standard International Trade Classification are unrelated to each other, UV is calculated at the two-digit level and RV is calculated at the five-digit level because of the similarity among sectors. Using fixed-effects regressions on the standard growth model, our findings suggest that related specialization is beneficial for economic growth in South Asian countries, and UV has a positive relationship with growth only when government effectiveness is high. Our results show that South Asian countries should produce selected products under the broad product classification to benefit from economies of scale instead of diversifying their product portfolio by producing similar products.
Social Epigenomics: Conceptualizations and Considerations for Oral Health
Authors: Gomaa N.
Published: August 2022

Advances in high-throughput technologies and the generation of multiomics, such as genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, are paving the way for the biological risk stratification and prediction of oral diseases. When integrated with electronic health records, survey, census, and/or epidemiologic data, multiomics are anticipated to facilitate data-driven precision oral health, or the delivery of the right oral health intervention to the right individuals/populations at the right time. Meanwhile, multiomics may be modified by a multitude of social exposures, cumulatively along the life course and at various time points from conception onward, also referred to as the socio-exposome. For example, adverse exposures, such as precarious social and living conditions and related psychosocial stress among others, have been linked to specific genes being switched “on and off” through epigenetic mechanisms. These in turn are associated with various health conditions in different age groups and populations. This article argues that considering the impact of the socio-exposome in the biological profiling for precision oral health applications is necessary to ensure that definitions of biological risk do not override social ones. To facilitate the uptake of the socio-exposome in multiomics oral health studies and subsequent interventions, 3 pertinent facets are discussed. First, a summary of the epigenetic landscape of oral health is presented. Next, findings from the nondental literature are drawn on to elaborate the pathways and mechanisms that link the socio-exposome with gene expression—or the biological embedding of social experiences through epigenetics. Then, methodological considerations for implementing social epigenomics into oral health research are highlighted, with emphasis on the implications for study design and interpretation. The article concludes by shedding light on some of the current and prospective opportunities for social epigenomics research applied to the study of life course oral epidemiology.
COVID-19 Death Exposure among Adults in the United States
Authors: Willis Don E. , Andersen Jennifer A. , Hallgren Emily , Moore Ramey , Selig James P. , Scott Aaron J. , Kraleti Shashank S. , McElfish Pearl A.
Published: August 2022

As of May 17, 2022, more than a million deaths due to COVID-19 have been recorded in the US. For each COVID-19 death, there are an estimated nine bereaved family members and an unknown number of bereaved friends. This study aimed to assess the correlates of self-reported COVID-19 death exposure (i.e., loss of a close friend or family member) among US adults using online survey data ( n = 1,869) collected between September 17, 2021 and October 3, 2021. One in four US adults in this national sample reported the loss of a close friend or family member due to COVID-19. The odds of losing a close friend or family member due to COVID-19 death were greater for those age 60 or older, all minoritized racial/ethnic groups except for Asian American respondents, married/coupled respondents, those who had foregone care due to cost in the past year, and those who reported a COVID-19 infection.
Stalemate within Stalemate: The 1923 Changsha Incident
Authors: Wei Shuge
Published: August 2022

On June 1, 1923, Japanese soldiers in Changsha, Hunan, opened fire on and killed two anti-Japanese protesters seeking to prevent the landing of Japanese goods. Through a comprehensive review of the “Changsha Incident,” this article explores the interplay between local and central diplomatic power during the high tide of provincialism. The incident demonstrates how the autonomous Hunan government, faced with the rise of anti-imperialism in local societies and the central government’s inability to fend off foreign coercion, mediated between the local parliament, the central diplomatic office, and Japanese authorities for a solution to the case. By unpacking the multilayered power dimensions of the time, this article demonstrates that the interactions between local and central diplomatic offices were characterized by both cooperation and distrust. Meanwhile, attempts to reach a negotiated settlement over the incident hinged more on competing domestic agendas than on diplomacy. Conflicts between Hunan provincial authorities, a lack of coordination between diplomatic officials in Hunan and Beijing, civilian elites’ distrust of military officials, and rivalry between regional warlords all combined to hinder progress in negotiations.
Output feedback control for nonholonomic systems with nonvanishing disturbances and asymmetric time-varying constraints
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Jing , Zhang Zhongcai , Wu Yuqiang
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an adaptive output feedback control scheme is introduced for nonholonomic systems with nonliner uncertainties, nonvanishing disturbances, and output constraints. A tan-type barrier Lyapunov function is considered to address asymmetric time-varying output constraints. We define the disturbance as the generalized system state. The extended state observer is proposed for uncertain external disturbance. A new estimator is designed for unknown parameter and states. It is shown that under the backstepping technique the output feedback adaptive controller ensures the stability of the closed loop system, while the asymmetric time-varying output constraints are not violated. The simulation results of mobile robot system are provided to validate the effectiveness of the presented control approach.
The split-belt rimless wheel
Authors: Butterfield Julia K , Simha Surabhi N , Donelan J Maxwell , Collins Steven H
Published: August 2022

Split-belt treadmill walking, in which the two belts move at different speeds, reveals a mechanism through which energy can be extracted from the environment. When a person walks with positive step length asymmetry on a split-belt treadmill, the treadmill can perform net positive work on the person. Here we use a split-belt rimless wheel model to explore how people could take advantage of the treadmill. We show that a split-belt rimless wheel can passively walk steadily by capturing energy from the treadmill to overcome collision losses, whereas it loses energy on each step with no way to recover the losses when walking on tied belts. Our simulated split-belt rimless wheel can walk steadily for a variety of leg angle and belt speed combinations, tolerating both speed disturbances and ground height variability. The wheel can even capture enough energy to walk uphill. We also built a physical split-belt rimless wheel robot and demonstrated that it can walk continuously without additional energy input. In comparing the wheel solutions to human split-belt gait, we found that humans do not maximize positive work performed by the treadmill. Other aspects of walking, such as costs associated with swing, balance, and free vertical moments, likely limit people’s ability to benefit from the treadmill. This study uses a simple walking model to characterize the mechanics and energetics of split-belt walking, demonstrating that energy capture through intermittent contact with two belts is possible and providing a simple model framework for understanding human adaptation during split-belt walking.
An Innovative Light Curing Unit With Multiple Portable Power Sources
Authors: Shivaram Nemani , Anand Hanish , Sekhar Gandikota Chandra
Published: August 2022

The process of attaching brackets to the tooth surface has evolved from brackets being welded to bands to attaching them using light cure composite resin materials. Similarly, the curing lights have advanced from bulky Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen lights to light-emitting diode (LED) curing units. The LED curing units available now have advanced features like high intensity light, reduced curing time, and are very expensive and rely upon prior charging of the unit. The present article describes a curing light which is powered by an external power source like, laptop, smartphone, and power bank and is very compact compared to the present curing lights and is also less expensive.
Risk Factors Affecting the Survival Rate of Collagen Meniscal Implant for Partial Meniscal Deficiency: An Analysis of 156 Consecutive Cases at a Mean 10 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Lucidi Gian Andrea , Grassi Alberto , Agostinone Piero , Di Paolo Stefano , Dal Fabbro Giacomo , D’Alberton Chiara , Pizza Nicola , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: August 2022

Background:

Collagen meniscal implant (CMI) is a biologic scaffold that can be used to replace meniscus host tissue after partial meniscectomy. The short-term results of this procedure have already been described; however, little is known about risk factors for failure.

Purpose:

To determine the factors that predict failure of meniscal scaffold implantation in a large series of patients treated at a single institution and to better define the indications for surgery.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The analysis included 186 consecutive patients with a minimum 5-year follow-up who underwent CMI scaffold implantation or combined procedures. Patients’ characteristics and details of the surgery were obtained via chart review. Patients with a Lysholm score <65 were considered to have experienced clinical failure. Surgical failure was defined as partial or total scaffold removal.

Results:

The final analysis included 156 patients (84%) at a mean follow-up of 10.9 ± 4.3 years. The patients’ mean age at surgery was 42.0 ± 11.1 years, and the survival rate was 87.8%. Subgroup analysis identified Outerbridge grade 3-4 (Hazard ratio [HR], 3.8; P = .004) and a lateral meniscal implant (HR, 3.2; P = .048) as risk factors for failure. The survival rate was 90.4% for medial implants and 77.4% for lateral implants. An Outerbridge grade 3-4 (HR, 2.8; P < .001) and time from meniscectomy to scaffold >10 years (HR, 2.8; P = .020) were predictive of surgical or clinical failure.

Conclusion:

CMI for partial meniscal deficiency provided good long-term results, with 87.8% of the implants still in situ at a mean 10.9 years of follow-up. Outerbridge grade 3-4, lateral meniscal implants, and longer time from the meniscectomy to implantation of the CMI were identified as risk factors for clinical and surgical failure.
Parental Psychological Control and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Romantic Relationship Power Dynamics
Authors: Whittington D. Drew , Turner Lisa A.
Published: August 2022

In the current study, we utilized a person-centered approach to examine the relations of parental psychological control (PPC) and relationship self-efficacy (RSE) to power dynamics in emerging adults’ romantic relationships. College student emerging adults ( N = 312) completed measures assessing retrospective PPC, RSE, and perceived self and partner power in current relationships. Latent profile analysis uncovered four relationship types based on reported self- and partner-power: balanced-unified, balanced-interchanging, unbalanced–high self, and unbalanced-high partner. Increases in PPC were related to increased odds of being in an unbalanced relationship. Higher levels of RSE were associated with decreased odds of being in an unbalanced relationship. Further, even individuals in the balanced profile who reported average levels of both self and partner power (balanced-interchanging) reported higher levels of PPC and lower levels of RSE compared to those in the balanced group where levels of both self and partner power were low (balanced-unified). These findings suggest using a person-centered approach to relationship power may advance our conceptualization of power distribution in romantic relationships. Further, experienced family dynamics and one’s sense of self may be especially important for young adults’ tendency to form healthy relationships. The current findings encourage future investigation into the mechanisms by which parental factors predict both dominance and submissiveness in romantic relationships. Understanding predictors of power dynamics may contribute to intimate partner violence prevention and intervention.
Comparison of simulation and experimental test results of the turbocharger temperature for two gasoline direct injection engines
Authors: Savaripour Hamed , Rosen Marc A
Published: August 2022

Understanding heat delivery in a multifaceted and vital engine component, such as the turbocharger, is important for improving engine performance and efficiency, but it is challenging to determine. In this paper, the temperature distribution in a turbocharger body was measured experimentally using a thermal camera, and a one-dimensional simulation of a turbocharger was developed for the temperature distribution. As part of the work, an innovative method is used to determine the thermal radiation constant of the turbocharger housing. In this method, the complete turbocharger system was first installed in a laboratory furnace and, at each stage, the temperature of the furnace was carefully adjusted. After temperature stabilization, a thermal image was taken with a thermal camera, and the radiation coefficient was obtained. Finally, a measurement of the temperature distribution was performed on the engine's test cell for the turbochargers of two three-cylinder gasoline engines (i.e. engines 1200 cc and 999 cc). The experiments include steady-state and transient tests. The transient tests include hot and cold tests at various operating conditions. The results showed that the maximum temperature of the turbine housing varies linearly with inlet gas temperature. Also, the axial distribution of the temperature in the compressor volute shows that temperature increases from the inlet side to the bearing housing side. Based on the numerical results, the maximum turbine housing temperature for engine 1200 cc is 679 °C and for engine 999 cc is 523 °C.
Effect of resistive and radiative heats on enhanced heat transfer of parabolic trough solar collector
Authors: Nabwey Hossam A , Girinath Reddy M , Naveen Kumar BK , Sandeep N
Published: August 2022

The total amount of existing solar energy on earth is more than the World's current and estimated energy requirements. The radiative heat from the sun is capable of producing electricity. This study deals with hydrogen energy storage by growing the heat transmission enactment of PTSC (Parabolic Trough Solar Collector) in the presence of thermic heat, resistive heat, buoyancy, magnetic field, and uneven heat sink/source. The Oldroyd-B and Maxwell fluids are the shear-thinning fluids with rheological differences. This study investigates the best heat transfer performer among these two, which helps to enhance the heat transfer in PTSC. A mathematical model was established and resolved numerically to examine this. The study outcomes are deliberated with the assistance of pictorial and numerical evaluations. Thermal radiation with Oldroyd-B fluid combination helps to enhance the heat transmission rate of PTSC to another level.
Needs or obligations? The influence of childcare infrastructure and support norms on grandparents’ labour market participation
Authors: Bertogg Ariane
Published: August 2022

This study investigates how institutional and normative characteristics affect grandparents’ labour market participation. Previous studies indicate that providing regular grandchild care reduces labour market participation, and this linkage varies between European welfare states. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and no study has systematically disentangled cultural from institutional influence when investigating grandparents’ work–care reconciliation. Based on two mechanisms, needs and obligations, we investigate how (grandparental) support norms and childcare infrastructure jointly shape the labour market participation of active grandparents. We use six waves from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), investigating variation across 91 subnational regions in 18 countries. The results indicate that the regular provision of grandchild care increases the risk of exiting the labour market for both men and women. This linkage is stronger in contexts with stronger support norms, but also depends on the childcare infrastructure in contexts where norms are weaker.
Leverage and Firm Performance: Threshold Evidence from the Role of Firm Size
Authors: Bolarinwa Segun Thompson , Onyekwelu Uche Lucy , Ojiakor Ifeoma , Orga Josephine Ivoma , Nwakaego Duru Ann , Ekwutosi Onuoha Charity
Published: August 2022

This article examines the threshold effect in the leverage-firm performance nexus. Using the dynamic panel threshold model of Seo and Shin (2016) that allows for the estimation of panel threshold effect in the presence of endogeneity on Nigerian data. Our empirical analysis adopts a large panel dataset of 104 Nigerian firms between 2005 and 2018. The empirical results comfirm threshold levels for the short-term, long-term and total leverage. Additionally, the results comfirm that the threshold relationship between firm leverage and performance is conditioned on firm size. Additionally, the present study also validates the role of endogeneity often neglected in the nexus. Overall, the study finds a more beneficial impact of leverage on large firms than small firms in the context of Nigeria. Policy recommendations are enclosed in the paper.
Why Australia should move towards nationally consistent mental health legislation?
Authors: Tosson Daniel , Lam Danny , Raeburn Toby
Published: August 2022

Objective

Mental Health Acts (MHAs) are important pieces of legislation which include essential definitions of mental illness and mental disorder and are used to guide decision-making regarding treatment, including involuntary admissions. In Australia, responsibility for reviewing this legislation falls under the jurisdiction of State and Territory Governments, resulting in interstate variations of legislative definitions and care requirements. In this paper, we outline some of the main differences between MHAs, and argue that it is time for Australia to enact nationally consistent Mental Health Legislation.

Conclusions

Substantial divergence exists between definitions of mental illness and mental disorder, differing criteria for involuntary treatment and discrepancies between treatment requirements for Indigenous Australians. While variations between MHAs are understandable considering the historical context, in an increasingly integrated society, it is time for Australia to enact nationally consistent mental health legislation.
Exploring Tuberculosis Riskscapes in a Papua New Guinean ‘Hotspot’
Authors: Jops Paula , Kupul Martha , Trumb Richard Nake , Cowan John , Graham Stephen M. , Bell Stephen , Majumdar Suman , Nindil Herolyn , Pomat William , Marais Ben , Marks Guy , Vallely Andrew J. , Kaldor John , Kelly-Hanku Angela
Published: August 2022

This article explores socio-spatial dimensions of risk and how they can enhance understanding of a high burden tuberculosis (TB) context in the South Fly District of Papua New Guinea. We report on select findings from a qualitative study that included 128 semi-structured in-depth interviews and 10 focus group discussions with a wide range of South Fly District community members. Using the conceptual framework of ‘riskscapes’ to examine emic perspectives on risk, space and practice, we map key elements of TB riskscapes on Daru Island, South Fly District, along with solutions for navigating through these riskscapes. Overcrowding, lack of water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as food insecurity and undernutrition, were identified as common elements within participants’ riskscapes, that compounded upon each other to create the perception of an assemblage of risk favourable to TB transmission.
Impact of the Post-Thrombotic Syndrome on the Arterial Wall of the Lower Limbs
Authors: Lu Mingshu , Qi Xiangbin , Bi Jingpeng , Li Yunhui
Published: August 2022

Objective

Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs is a common disease in vascular surgery. Approximately 20–50% of deep vein thrombosis patients develop post-thrombotic syndrome, which can severely affect the patient's quality of life. However, the precise science of the pathophysiology of the progression of the post-thrombotic syndrome remains unclear. Studies have demonstrated that patients with post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs have impaired arterial wall endothelial function. Nevertheless, there is little research on the different impacts of post-thrombotic syndrome on the arterial wall endothelial function between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs. This study aims to assess this difference.

Methods

A total of 60 patients treated for the post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs were included. The flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD%) were measured to assess the different endothelial function alterations of the common femoral arterial wall between the affected limb and the healthy limb.

Results

No significant differences in the common femoral artery diameter between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs were discovered (8.94  ±  0.92 mm vs 8.75  ±  1.0 mm, P = 0.710). The flow-mediated dilation of the common femoral artery of the affected limbs were significantly lower compared to the healthy limbs (FMD%: 3.21  ±  1.07% vs 5.19  ±  1.35%, P  =  0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the nitroglycerin-mediated dilation of the common femoral artery between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs（ NMD%: 13.37  ±  1.78% versus 14.45  ±  2.14%, P = 0.083).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated the association between post-thrombotic syndrome and deteriorated endothelial functional properties of the arterial wall of the lower limbs. Endothelial dysfunction of the arteries wall was more severe in the affected lower limbs with the post-thrombotic syndrome than in the healthy limbs. The mentioned findings may partly explain the pathophysiology of the progression post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs.

Highlights

tudies have demonstrated that patients with post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs have impaired arterial wall endothelial function. Our results demonstrated the endothelial dysfunction of the arteries wall was more severe in the affected lower limbs with the post-thrombotic syndrome than in the healthy limbs. Our findings may partly explain the pathophysiology of the progression post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs.
Sexually Frustrated Mass Shooters: A Study of Perpetrators, Profiles, Behaviors, and Victims
Authors: Lankford Adam , Silva Jason R.
Published: August 2022

Although several mass killings by incels have received much attention, the overall phenomenon of sexually frustrated offenders seems even larger. This study drew from a recently developed sexual frustration theory to closely examine public mass shooters in the United States from 1966 to 2021 ( n = 178). Results showed that some sexually frustrated perpetrators just wanted sex, while others lusted after unavailable partners or had illegal urges that were difficult to satisfy. Quantitative analyses indicated that compared to other mass shooters, sexually frustrated perpetrators were more frequently young, male, unmarried, childless, and unemployed. They were also more likely to be misogynistic, sex offenders, and fame-seekers, and their attacks killed significantly more female victims. Concerted efforts to reduce toxic masculinity and provide better guidance to young men could help reduce this threat.
Sex differences in appropriate insertion depth for intraosseous access in adults: An exploratory radiologic single-center study
Authors: Miller Clemens , Nardelli Paul , Hell Tobias , Glodny Bernhard , Putzer Gabriel , Paal Peter
Published: August 2022

Background:

Intraosseous access is a recommended alternative to venous access in emergencies. For its application, knowledge of the correct insertion depth is indispensable. We aimed to determine sex-specific differences on the appropriate insertion depth for intraosseous access in adults at the insertion sites most frequently used, namely the proximal and distal tibia and the proximal humerus.

Methods:

In this exploratory retrospective study, we measured thickness of soft tissue cover, cortex and cancellous bone along the puncture line on magnetic resonance images or computed tomography scans. Inclusion criteria were both sexes, 18–90 years of age and appropriate image quality. Primary outcome was the appropriate insertion depth to reach the cancellous bone for each sex. This was defined as the corridor between (i) the sum of the soft tissue cover and the cortex and (ii) the sum of (i) plus the diameter of the cancellous bone. Secondary outcomes were the differences in thickness of each layer between sexes.

Results:

In 179 females and males, the appropriate insertion depth was 32.5–45.5 mm and 20.5–42.0 mm in the proximal tibia, 14.5–30.5 mm and 16.5–34.5 mm in the distal tibia, and 27.5–52.5 mm and 26.0–56.5 mm in the proximal humerus. Although females had a thicker soft tissue cover (+6.8 mm [95% CI 3.7–10.1], p < 0.01) in the proximal tibia, extrapolation by correlation analysis showed no clinically relevant difference between the sexes.

Conclusion:

In adults, there are no sex-specific differences in the appropriate insertion depth for intraosseous access in the proximal or distal tibia or in the proximal humerus.
The Analysis of SNPs’ Function in miR-21 and miR146a/b in Multiple Sclerosis and Active Lesions: An In Silico Study
Authors: Moraghebi Mahta , Negahi Ahmad Agha , Bazireh Homa , Abbasi Hossein , Ahmadi Mohsen , Sarikhani Zohreh , Mousavi Pegah
Published: August 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous disorder caused by several factors. Studies have recently shown that non-coding RNA such as miRNA could participate in MS initiation, progression, and active lesion. This study aims to theoretically analyze the potential impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on mir-21 and mir-146a/b, which has been previously demonstrated as MS microRNA signature. To fulfill this purpose, the SNPs were investigated for functionality through several online tools, including miRNA-SNP, SNP2-TFBS, RBP-Var, and RNAfold. Furthermore, SNPs of miR-21 and miR-146a/b that exist in pre-miRNA, mature miRNA, and promoter area were extracted; moreover, miRNA and RNA-binding protein interactions were analyzed. This article presented a list of validated SNPs that could affect the expression or function of miR-21 and miR-146a/b for the future practical study of MS and active lesions.
Assessing LGBTQ+ stigma among healthcare professionals: An application of the health stigma and discrimination framework in a qualitative, community-based participatory research study
Authors: Sileo Katelyn M , Baldwin Aleta , Huynh Tina A , Olfers Allison , Woo Junda , Greene Sean L , Casillas Gregory L , Taylor Barbara S
Published: August 2022

This qualitative, community-based participatory research (CBPR) study examines the occurrence of LGBTQ+ stigma in healthcare guided by the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework. We conducted focus groups with healthcare professionals, analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Stigma drivers included knowledge deficits and transphobia. Facilitators were the binary organization of medical education and training, cisnormative system procedures, a lack of enforceable policy to reduce stigma, and workplace culture and norms. Stigma practices, such as prejudicial attitudes, gossip, and misgendering, primarily focused on transgender individuals. This study reinforces the need to reduce LGBTQ+ stigma in healthcare settings, with implications for multi-level interventions.
Development of a high-efficiency and cost-effective ground source heat pump system for hot-climate applications
Authors: Hu Xiaoou , Miao Rui , Yu Yao , Megri Ahmed C
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the possibility of using a dry fluid cooler with advanced control strategies in a vertical closed-loop GSHP system to reduce the borehole size with the intention of increasing the cost-effectiveness of the system without compromising system efficiency. The developed system is expected to be a game changer in the residential sector of the USA involving the use of high-efficiency heat pump systems as a substitute for conventional systems for space cooling and heating in hot/warm climates. The simulation results show that (1) the use of a dry fluid cooler with advanced control strategies in a GSHP system contributes to increasing or maintaining the GSHP system’s efficiency in the long run by balancing the heating and cooling through charging thermal energy to the ground in hot climates; (2) the concept of integrating a dry fluid cooler into a GSHP system with advanced control strategies is proven to be effective for the studied house located in hot climates, such as Miami. In comparison to a conventional GSHP system, the initial system costs can be reduced by up to around 14% by shortening the borehole length without compromising system efficiency because of the use of a dry fluid cooler.
A numerical evaluation and guideline for thermal barrier coatings on gasoline compression ignition engines
Authors: Yan Ziming , Levi Arye , Zhang Yu , Sellnau Mark , Filipi Zoran , Lawler Benjamin
Published: August 2022

The application of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for internal combustion engines has drawn more research attention in recent years due to the improved coating technology and advanced material properties. This paper presents the combination of thermal barrier coatings with an advanced combustion concept: gasoline compression ignition (GCI). This study aims to evaluate the coating performance with GCI combustion on Aramco’s light-duty GCI engine. The thermodynamic engine model has been established and collaborated with CFD results to investigate thermal barrier coatings for GCI with a PPCI-diffusion combustion strategy primarily at a load of 23.5 bar IMEPg. Two real-world coating materials were pre-selected as Gen.1 and Gen.2 candidates. The investigation consists of three main topics: the effect of coating thickness on GCI, the effect of intake boost on the performance of traditional coatings and temperature swing coatings, and the effect of combustion chamber coverage on engine performance. The result shows that the TBC thickness became the key parameter to optimize for TBC with GCI combustion mode, and in the end, 250–500 microns is recommended based on the temperature limit of ceramic material. It was also found that the high level of intake boosting could significantly alleviate the charge heating penalty. The coverage of piston, engine head, and both intake and exhaust valves should be applied to achieve the highest efficiency gains. It was found that the gain ratio from each chamber component can be drastically different at different loads.
I am a virtual girl from Tokyo: Virtual influencers, digital-orientalism and the (Im)materiality of race and gender
Authors: Miyake Esperanza
Published: August 2022

By focussing on Imma – a virtual influencer from Japan – this article provides a critical examination of Japanese raciality and gender within the context of virtuality, (im)materiality and digital consumption. This piece has two key concerns. Firstly, the article proposes the idea of semiotic immaterialism as a way to theorise the ‘virtual influencer’, a relatively new phenomenon in ‘the West’ to emerge from the consumer-driven world of social media and online influencers. Here, the discussion will focus predominantly on the various racialised and gendered (im)materialities involved in the digital consumption of virtuality, and its relationship to prosumerist practices online. Secondly, this study also problematises the ways in which ‘Western’ popular media texts present Japanese virtuality to consumers. It is argued that these constitute digital-Orientalist discourses of racialised and gendered Japanese Otherness. How does virtuality complicate the idea of (im)material consumption? How do virtual influencers challenge and/or reinforce normative ideologies of race and gender? Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the study addresses these questions through textual analyses conducted on Imma’s Instagram images and captions, alongside ‘Western’ popular media texts about Imma. Ultimately, it is argued that Imma, as a virtual influencer, represents how the (im)materiality of Japanese race and gender is materialised through the digital- and self-Orientalist commodification of Japanese virtuality.
Ethnographic Methods for Identifying Cultural Concepts of Distress: Developing Reliable and Valid Measures
Authors: Snodgrass Jeffrey G. , Brewis Alexandra , Dengah H. J. François , Dressler William W. , Kaiser Bonnie N. , Kohrt Brandon A. , Mendenhall Emily , Sagstetter Seth , Weaver Lesley J. , Zhao Katya X.
Published: August 2022

We review ethnographic methods that allow researchers to assess distress in a culturally sensitive manner. We begin with an overview of standardized biomedical and psychological approaches to assessing distress cross-culturally. We then focus on literature describing the development of reliable and valid culturally sensitive assessment tools that can serve as complements or alternatives to biomedical categories and diagnostic frameworks. The methods we describe are useful in identifying forms of suffering—expressed in culturally salient idioms of distress—that might be misidentified by biomedical classifications. We highlight the utility of a cognitive anthropological theoretical approach for developing measures that attend to local cultural categories of knowledge and experience. Attending to cultural insider perspectives is necessary because expressions of distress, thresholds of tolerance for distress, expectations about stress inherent in life, conceptions of the good life, symptom expression, and modes of help-seeking vary across cultures.
Understanding the Role of Violence and Conflict in the Stages of Gang Membership
Authors: Vecchio J. Michael , Carson Dena C.
Published: August 2022

This work uses social learning theory’s perspective on continuation and cessation of offending to explore the how rewards and punishments for violence change across the stages of gang membership. Qualitative interviews with a racially/ethnically diverse sample of 39 former gang members within two emergent gang cities in the American south are used to explore the role of violence across the stages of gang affiliation. Inductive analytic techniques are used to analyze gang members’ in-depth, semi-structured interviews to identify and further refine emergent themes through the use of modified ground theory. Results indicate that violence is expressed as central to the experiences of youth gang members across the life cycle of gang involvement and alters former members’ perceptions of the gang’s ability to provide a protective function. The extent to which the role of violence changes over time—as it interacts with youth decision-making specific to the balance of experienced and anticipated rewards and punishments of gang involvement—is integral in understanding its reinforcing effect on gang membership and association.
Barriers to Enrollment in Post-Stroke Brain Stimulation in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population
Authors: Hodics Timea , Cohen Leonardo G. , Pezzullo John C. , Kowalske Karen , Dromerick Alexander W.
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose

Brain stimulation is an adjuvant strategy to promote rehabilitation after stroke. Here, we evaluated the influence of inclusion/exclusion criteria on enrollment in a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) trial in the context of a racially/ethnically diverse acute stroke service at University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW).

Methods

3124 (59.7 ± 14.5 years) racially/ethnically diverse (38.4% non-Hispanic white, (W), Hispanic (H) 22%, African American (AA) 33.5%, Asian (A) 2.3%) patients were screened in the acute stroke service at UTSW. Demographics, stroke characteristics, and reasons for exclusion were recorded prospectively.

Results

2327 (74.5%) patients had a verified stroke. Only 44 of them (1.9%) were eligible. Causes for exclusion included in order of importance: (1) magnitude of upper extremity (UE) motor impairment, (2) prior strokes (s), (3) hemorrhagic stroke, (4) psychiatric condition or inability to follow instructions, and (5) old age, of these (2) and (4) were more common in AA patients but not in other minorities. 31 of the 44 eligible individuals were enrolled (W 1.68%, H 1.37%, AA .77%, A 3.774%). 90.5% of verified stroke patients did not exhibit contraindications for stimulation.

Conclusions

3 main conclusions emerged: (a) The main limitations for inclusion in brain stimulation trials of motor recovery were magnitude of UE motor impairments and stroke lesion characteristics, (b) most stroke patients could be stimulated with tDCS without safety concerns and (c) carefully tailored inclusion criteria could increase diversity in enrollment. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01007136.
Behind the Scenes at ApertureScience.com: Portal and Its Paratexts
Authors: Galey Alan
Published: August 2022

Portal (2007) presents an unusually complex example for the study of video game paratexts. This article uses the case of the game’s promotional website ApertureScience.com to consider how paratextuality and the associated concepts of ephemerality and materiality may be further refined to open up new dimensions of video games as objects of interpretation and play. The article draws from the field of textual studies, which specializes in the particularities of media, and in the entanglement of technical detail with interpretation and meaning. The first part re-evaluates the nature of the book as an analogy for the materiality of video games, and critiques Gérard Genette’s conception of bookish paratexts and its applicability to video games. The article then offers a detailed analysis of ApertureScience.com as a paratext, including its satirical critiques of positivism and corporate research, and concludes with a discussion of the materiality of digital paratexts.