bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic Aspect of Association of Low-density Lipoprotein and Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Pradeep kumar Yadav  , Sachin Kumar Giri  , Rajiv Ratan Singh  , Sachin Kumar Tripathi
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Around 10% of people with diabetes are at risk of losing their eyesight due to diabetic retinopathy,which is a leading cause of blindness globally. Numerous studies have shown that limiting the incidence andprogression of diabetic retinopathy requires thorough treatment of the risk factors for the disease in situationsinvolving diabetic patients who have had retinopathy, forensic specialists are frequently requested to reviewmedical data and offer expert testimony. In such circumstances, physicians may investigate the patient’s medicalhistory, taking into account their LDL levels and other risk factors, to see if medical malpractice or carelessnesscontributed to the development of retinopathy.Aims: The objective is to develop medical provider guidelines, estimate the prospective association between lowdensitylipoprotein (LDL) and the risk of retinopathy in diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes, and look into anypossible role for malpractice or negligence on the part of medical professionals.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of all 300 samples collected from patients diagnosed with diabeticretinopathy at the Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow. Using univariate, bivariate, andmultivariate analyses, retinal results were associated with blood lipid levels.Result: In diabetic patients with retinopathy, LDL values were considerably greater than in those withoutretinopathy (p 0.001). Studying the forensic aspects of the relationship between LDL and diabetic patients’retinopathy is crucial because it can enhance patient outcomes and guard against malpractice and mistakes inmedicine.Conclusion: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a sensitive target marker to foretell cardiovascular events aswell as the requirement for laser therapy in individuals with hypercholesterolemia and diabetic retinopathy. Thejudicial system’s capacity to establish responsibility and pay damages in such situations may be affected by the useof LDL levels as a biomarker for predicting the development of retinopathy.
Automatic imitation of speech is enhanced for non-native sounds
Authors: Wilt Hannah , Wu Yuchunzi , Evans Bronwen G. , Adank Patti
Published: October 2023

Simulation accounts of speech perception posit that speech is covertly imitated to support perception in a top-down manner. Behaviourally, covert imitation is measured through the stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) task. In each trial of a speech SRC task, participants produce a target speech sound whilst perceiving a speech distractor that either matches the target (compatible condition) or does not (incompatible condition). The degree to which the distractor is covertly imitated is captured by the automatic imitation effect, computed as the difference in response times (RTs) between compatible and incompatible trials. Simulation accounts disagree on whether covert imitation is enhanced when speech perception is challenging or instead when the speech signal is most familiar to the speaker. To test these accounts, we conducted three experiments in which participants completed SRC tasks with native and non-native sounds. Experiment 1 uncovered larger automatic imitation effects in an SRC task with non-native sounds than with native sounds. Experiment 2 replicated the finding online, demonstrating its robustness and the applicability of speech SRC tasks online. Experiment 3 intermixed native and non-native sounds within a single SRC task to disentangle effects of perceiving non-native sounds from confounding effects of producing non-native speech actions. This last experiment confirmed that automatic imitation is enhanced for non-native speech distractors, supporting a compensatory function of covert imitation in speech perception. The experiment also uncovered a separate effect of producing non-native speech actions on enhancing automatic imitation effects.
Soviet Colleges Before WWII: How Entrance Exams Were Conducted
Authors: Karp Alexander
Published: October 2023

This paper attempts to describe the system of college admissions that existed in Soviet Russia before the Second World War. The early post-revolutionary years saw a wholesale rejection of entrance exams. It proved necessary to return to them, however. The history of exams was part of a political battle, proving once again that mathematics education is closely connected with social and political history. During the pre-war years, certain ways of conducting exams became established, old exam problems returned and new ones appeared. Literature for students entering colleges reappeared, blossoming after the war. This paper is based on archival materials and the analysis of pre-war publications.
HOW CAN WE MITIGATE COASTAL HAZARDS? TARAKAN ISLAND CASE STUDY
Authors: Pratiwi Sulistya Rini , Gravitiani Evi , Nainggolan Yohanna Thresia , Rahmawati Meylin
Published: October 2023

Intensity of coastal hazards driven by changes in climate and land use have been increasing in many parts of Indonesia, including Tarakan City, where 36% of the population lives near the coast. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of the WTP and identify the factors that affect the WTP of coastal communities in an effort to overcome the impact of beach abrasion in Tarakan City. The analytical methods used in calculating people's willingness to pay in an effort to overcome the impact of beach abrasion are the Willingness to Pay (WTP) method and multiple linear regression. The results of this study are known to mean that the public's willingness to pay is IDR 61,075. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, the income variable has a significant effect on the WTP of coastal communities, namely income, age, and education variables, while the number of family members has no significant effect. Also, the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.2718, or 27.18%, where this value indicates that the variables of income, age, education, and number of family members are able to explain the WTP of coastal communities of 27.18%. While the remaining 72.82% is explained by other variables not included in the regression model. Our findings highlight the value of the community’s willingness to repair coastal hazards through the several scenarios offered. The results indicate an overview of local participation in preserving coastal areas.
Physicochemical properties of fortified flour based modified cassava flour blended with bacterial poly-glutamic acid
Authors: Sulistyo Joko , Yu Shin Ying , Heroney Hevenney Vianie
Published: October 2023

Cassava is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. However, cassava flour needs to meet the high-quality requirements in terms of physicochemical characteristics. The present study was designed to investigate properties of fortified cassava flour produced from co-processing of modified cassava flour with poly-glutamic acid (PGA) derived from protein of beans that had been fermented by Bacillus natto. Proximate analysis, cyanide content, swelling power, solubility, and viscosity of modified cassava flour (MCF) which was fortified with poly-glutamic acid (PGA) was found to indicate improvements as compared to the native flour. The modified flours were further investigated for their physicochemical properties after addition of poly- -glutamic acid ( -PGA) at different levels. All flour samples showed no significant (p>0.05) differences in terms of lightness (L*), while greenness to redness (a*) of native flours was significantly (p<0.05) higher than modified flours with -PGA. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the swelling power and solubility measured at various temperatures. From the pasting profiles, there were significant (p<0.05) increases in peak viscosity, final viscosity and pasting temperature of cassava flours due to addition of -PGA. Observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pronounced cracks were observed in starch granules indicative of enzyme attack. It indicated that starch granules of modified and fortified cassava flour were depolymerized by enzymatic hydrolysis which led to cause change and degrade exterior surface of the granules within corrosion via pores of small granules.
Living Values and Creative Thinking Skills in The Physics Learning Process: How They Correlate?
Authors: Sarah Siti , Prasetyo Zuhdan Kun , Wilujeng Insih , Adita Arum
Published: October 2023

People must be aware of the benefits and drawbacks of technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To survive the industrial revolution, one must have strong moral principles and be able to think creatively. 4.0. Living values are moral principles that a person possesses. The capacity to think creatively and solve issues effectively goes hand in hand. This follow-up study demonstrates how learning physics contextually based on local potential might enhance critical thinking abilities and ethical principles. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether there is a connection between creative thinking abilities and living values. The research uses a one-shot case study design in a quasi-experiment method. Students in Wonosobo Regency's class IX high schools who had adopted a contextual physics learning model based on local potential made up the research participants. The research tools include tests of creative thinking abilities and observation sheets to gauge living values. Ten items are described as part of the test. Each instrument has undergone testing to ensure that it satisfies fair and trustworthy criteria. A correlation test is the method used for data analysis. With a significance of 0.295 (bigger than 0.05), the study's findings indicate no connection between having moral principles and having creative thinking abilities.
The Trend of Research Critical Thinking Skills in Physics Education Journal Evolution in Physics Education Journals across Indonesia: From Research Design to Data Analysis
Authors: Asbanu Dens Edison Semri Imanuel
Published: October 2023

Critical thinking skill is important that needs to be developed in 21st-century education. This research aims to conduct a content analysis of articles published in physics education journals throughout Indonesia from 2017 to 2022, with a focus on critical thinking skills. The findings of this study show an increase in the number of publications related to critical thinking skills each year. The most used research design is quantitative research, with the main research subjects being high school students in grades X dan XI. The most frequently used physics material topic is fluid and mechanics. The analysis method most used by researchers is N-gain and t-test. Therefore, the findings of this research recommend that future critical thinking skills research consider variations in research design, research subject, data analysis method, and physics material topic.
Revisión Sistemática sobre las Representaciones Sociales de la Orientación Escolar desde las Narrativas Biográficas. Caso Colombiano
Authors: Bonilla Marquinez Olga Patricia , Moreno Bedoya Jhonier
Published: October 2023

Artículo producto de la revisión sistemática documental que permitió identificar las tendencias investigativas sobre la implementación de los servicios de orientación escolar desde las representaciones sociales y las narrativas biográficas de los docentes orientadores. Para ello se revisaron documentos producto de investigaciones a nivel internacional, nacional y regional desde los siguientes núcleos temáticos función pedagógica de la orientación escolar, procesos socioeducativos, representaciones sociales y narrativas. Lo anterior movilizó importantes referentes teóricos que facilitaron la comprensión de las representaciones sociales de la orientación escolar desde la narrativa biográfica de los educadores que ejercen esta profesión. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de la relación entre representaciones sociales y prácticas de orientación escolar. La metodología empleada fue una revisión documental de estudios previos que permiten comprender la función pedagógica y social de los orientadores escolares.
Effects of Electromagnetic Field (1.8/0.9 GHz) Exposure on Spleen in Rats
Authors: KIZILOĞLU İlker , YILMAZ BOZOK Yeliz , TÜMKAYA Levent , AKAKIN Dilek , ŞENER AKÇORA Dila
Published: October 2023

Aim: To evaluate potential effects of whole-body 900 and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on the rat spleen.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 9 Sprague–Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were assigned into 3 groups: 900 MHz EMF-exposure, 1800 MHz EMF-exposure and controls.

Results: Under light microscope, myeloid series cells, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes were observed in all groups. In the red pulp, dilated sinusoids were observed in both 900 and 1800 prenatal 24-hour groups with more prominent findings in the 1800 prenatal 24-hour group. Fused white pulps were apparent in 900 group while there was increase in the irregular white pulps (varying in size) with destruction in the1800 group. Biochemical evaluation showed that spleenmalondialdehyde level was higher while glutathione level waslower in the 900 MHz-exposure and 1800 MHz-exposuregroups compared to controls (p
The Impact of Taurine on Obesity-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms Underlying Its Effect
Authors: Ahmed Kainat , Choi Ha-Neul , Yim Jung-Eun
Published: October 2023

This review explores the potential benefits of taurine in ameliorating the metabolic disorders of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), highlighting the factors that bridge these associations. Relevant articles and studies were reviewed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between obesity and the development of T2D and the effect of taurine on those conditions. The loss of normal β-cell function and development of T2D are associated with obesity-derived insulin resistance. The occurrence of diabetes has been linked to the low bioavailability of taurine, which plays critical roles in normal β-cell function, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The relationships among obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and T2D are complex and intertwined. Taurine may play a role in ameliorating these metabolic disorders through different pathways, but further research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential as a therapeutic intervention.
Control cultural para el manejo de la broca del café Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: Constantino Luis Miguel
Published: October 2023

Los frutos brocados de café que se quedan en el árbol y en el suelo después de la cosecha se convierten en el lugar de reproducción y fuente de dispersión de la broca. Por esta razón es importante realizar un buen repase, recogiendo los frutos secos, sobremaduros y maduros del árbol y del suelo al finalizar las cosechas, principal y de mitaca, para proteger los frutos en formación. Esta labor deberá ser más rigurosa en las zonas cafeteras de mayor vulnerabilidad a la broca, como aquellas que presentan temperaturas promedio anuales mayores a 21ºC y altitudes bajas, especialmente durante los evento climaticos El Niño. Estudios realizados en Cenicafé han demostrado que el repase disminuye los niveles de infestación de broca por debajo del nivel de daño económico del 5,0%, en aquellas parcelas donde se hace recolección de los frutos del suelo dejados después de la cosecha, sea de forma manual o usando canastillas recolectoras de frutos del suelo. Adicionalmente, esta práctica permite obtener café de mejor calidad, con porcentajes de peso en almendra sana (grano excelso) mayores del 75% y sobreprecios por bonificación. En este seminario se presentará información acerca de los dispositivos utilizados para la recolección de frutos del suelo y las estrategias de manejo de la broca del café durante la retención de pases de cosecha para la cosecha asistida con lonas.
De la investigación básica al desarrollo tecnológico: producto fitoquímico para el control de las plagas del café
Authors: Benavides Machado Pablo
Published: October 2023

Minciencias clasifica los actores en ciencia en Colombia en cuatro categorías amplias: centro e instituto de investigación, centro de desarrollo tecnológico, centro de innovación y unidades de investigación, desarrollo e innovación tecnológica empresariales. Cenicafé ha sido reconocido como centro de investigaciones por su capacidad para adelantar investigaciones básicas y aplicadas, así como por sus aportes en desarrollo tecnológico, divulgación científica y apropiación social del conocimiento. En este seminario se presentarán los resultados más relevantes obtenidos durante el proceso de invención de un producto fitoquímico para el control de las plagas del café, así como otros insectos que afectan cultivos de importancia económica. Este producto, resultado de una colaboración interinstitucional con la Universidad de Antioquia y la empresa Nexentia/Sumicol, fue patentado como el fruto de investigaciones básicas que soportaron una idea, procedió con estudios aplicados para seleccionar prototipos eficaces y se validó en el campo para demostrar su eficacia en el control de la broca del café. En este punto se requiere una aproximación de desarrollo tecnológico que permita desafiar algunas limitantes para mejorar las capacidades hacia eventuales oportunidades de negocio. Al final, la meta es que la innovación tecnológica pueda estar disponible en los almacenes agrícolas para el servicio de los caficultores, como una herramienta eficaz y ambientalmente amigable, que permita controlar las plagas del café, incluyendo la más limitante de la caficultura, la broca.
PKM Praktik Economy Digital Dan Participatory Approach Untuk Penguatan Kelembagaan Paguyuban Pedagang Pasar Seni Sukawati
Authors: DEWI Kadek Goldina Puteri Dewi , DEWI Anak Agung Istri Krisna Gangga , NURAK Anastacia Patricia Novlina
Published: October 2023

Pemanfaatan teknologi dan digitalisasi dalam dunia ekonomi sangat menunjang dalam pemasaran suatu produk tak terlebih produk lokal. Pengembangan ekonomi digital ini juga didorong oleh adanya pergeseran perilaku masyarakat yang cenderung menggunakan platform digital di berbagai sektor. Pasar Seni Sukawati termasuk salah satu pasar seni tradisional di Bali, yang mendapat hibah dari pemerintah pusat untuk direvitalisasi menjadi Pasar Seni Modern. Perubahan pada Pasar Seni Sukawati (revitalisasi) menuntut para pedagang untuk terus berevolusi ke arah yang lebih baik. Hal ini menjadi permasalahan yang besar bagi pedagang pasar seni Sukawati karena membutuhkan proses adaptasi dari revitalisasi jumlah kunjungan dan pendapatan pedagang yang masih sedikit. Berdasarkan adanya beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra, maka kegiatan program kemitraan masyarakat ini memiliki tujuan untuk pemberdayaan paguyuban pedagang Pasar Seni Sukawati dengan digitalisasi ekonomi (economy digital) yaitu memberikan sosialisai dan pelatihan pembuatan laporan keuangan akuntansi yang terdigitalisasi,  Menyusun dan mempraktikan strategi promosi yang terdigitalisasi, dan pendekatan partisipan (participatory approach)  yakni kegiatan agar mampu mengenal, memahami, dan menangani permasalahan dalam penyelenggaraan organisasi.
Penerapan Pemotongan Tunjangan Kinerja Anggota Bid Tik Polda Bali Yang Ditentukan Dalam Kehadiran Jumlah Kerja
Authors: AMARTHA Made Putra Jaya , MARTINI I.A. Oka
Published: October 2023

Tunjangan kinerja dapat menjadi salah satu faktor yang meningkatkan kedisiplinan karyawan di dalam kehadiran anggota BID TIK Polda Bali. Kinerja yang baik mencerminkan hasil pekerjaan yang optimal, sesuai dengan standar organisasi, dan secara keseluruhan mendukung tercapainya tujuan organisasi tersebut.  Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui penerapan pemotongan tunjangan kinerja berdasar tingkat kehadiran jumlah kerja di BID TIK Polda Bali. Penelitian berupa observasi deskriptif dengan mengamati kehadiran dan tunjangan 65 anggota. Terdapat 65 anggota dengan persentase 78% dengan kehadiran penuh dan 22% tidak hadir satu hari per bulan Juni-Juli 2023. Tingkat kehadiran mempengaruhi tunjangan kinerja dengan kategori kelas jabatan sebagai berikut kelas 13 (Rp8,562,000); kelas 11 (Rp5,183,000); kelas 10 (Rp4,551,000); kelas 9 (Rp3,781,000); kelas 8 (Rp3,319,000); kelas 7 (Rp2,928,000) dan kelas 5 (Rp2,493,000). Berdasarkan kehadiran dan kelas jabatan terdapat 14 anggota mengalami pemotongan. Pemotongan izin dengan dikalikan 1% tunjangan. Dengan rincian 1 anggota kelas  jabatan 7,9 dan 10, serta 11 anggota kelas jabatan 5. Total pengurangan sebesar Rp386.830 per Juni-Juli 2023. Saran berupa apel berkala dengan komunikasi kebijakan; penjelasan insentif dan konsekuensi; motivasi penguatan positif; edukasi pentingnya kehadiran; identifikasi hambatan kehadiran, penyuluhan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan.
Viktimizáció az online térben Egy nemzetközi kutatás eredményei hazai szemszögből
Authors: Barabás Tünde  A. , Koplányi Gergely
Published: October 2023

Aim: In this research, the Authors examined the patterns of cybercrime perpetration and victimization in three countries (Hungary, Finland, and the United States).Methodology: The online questionnaire developed by the research team was taken in April 2020 in the three countries, with the help of the Qualtrics questionnaire system, on a representative sample. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program package. Chi-square test and Fisher test were used to analyze the frequencies, and Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the mean values. Regression models were set up for each type of victimization (Binary Logistic Regression).Findings: The results of the research show that in the case of the United States, which is far ahead in the prevalence of the use of technical devices, the number of online crimes and victims is significantly higher than in the two European countries. In all three countries, men reported higher levels of online activity and more frequent victimization compared to women. In the case of many delicts, the lowest indicators can be found in our country, showing similar trends to the Finnish results. Authors also found a significant difference in the frequency of victimization by country. In the Hungarian sample, a higher frequency of online victimization can be observed compared to offline acts. The study examines the appropriateness of some traditional explanatory theories, among which the control theories and the routine activity theory offer an explanation on this new special crime surface.Value: The research examines and compares the characteristics of certain forms of crime in a new, under-explored area with similar types of offline offences, seeking explanations and thus offering an opportunity to develop a strategy for the prevention of new types of crime.
Szexuális bűnelkövetők a kriminálpolitika erőterében
Authors: Szabó Judit , Virág György
Published: October 2023

Aim: The purpose of the paper is to provide a brief overview of the instruments aiming at the treatment of sexual offenders and the prevention of reoffending, particularly regarding the issue of their effectiveness and the concerns about their use.Methodology: The conclusions of the paper are based on a review of relevant international scientific literature.Findings: The systematic analysis of the effectiveness of interventions is of utmost relevance from the standpoint of the protection of victims and of prevention. The fact that pedophilia is an emotionally heavily charged issue filled with basic hostility, that sexual offenders are depicted as a “dangerous class” of criminals and that sexual offences usually function as a driving force for harsh punitive criminal policy especially warrant the exploration of the actual effectiveness of each instrument.Value: The authors aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on some criminal policy aspects of sexual offending and pedophilia.
Gondolatok a gyermek- és fiatalkorúak bűnözéséről a statisztika tükrében
Authors: Bolyky Orsolya , Sárik Eszter
Published: October 2023

Aim: The purpose of the study is to examine the new phenomena of child and juvenile delinquency in the light of the social changes induced by the Covid–19 epidemic.Methodology: The authors investigated the phenomenon using the method of statistical data analysis and source processing.Findings: In recent decades, juvenile delinquency has decreased, which was not substantially affected by the pandemic. As a consequence of the epidemic, the authors detected qualitative changes in the criminality of teenagers, and from the radical increase in children in the past year, it can be concluded that the restrictions and economic changes accompanying the epidemic will have a longer-term effect on criminal deviance.Value: The findings of the study may contribute to the understanding of how the limitation of social relationships, existential uncertainty affecting families and school education without personal presence affect the lives of significant number of adolescents.
A nyomozó hatóság és az ügyészség kapcsolata
Authors: Kiss Anna
Published: October 2023

Aim: The aim of the study is to observe how the tradition of the past is reflected in the first stage of domestic criminal procedure and how the relationship between the investigating authority and the prosecution has evolved over the last fifty years, examining also the contemporary solutions of the 1896 Code.Methodology: To compare previous and existing legislation on the subject, identifying the links between them and analyze the available literature.Findings: Criminal procedure is still a stage-by-stage process, in which – although partly in line with the general principles of cognitive theory, but still different from it – a specific cognitive process takes place. The roles of the investigating authority and the prosecution vary from time to time in different national procedural codes; the relationship between the two authorities is not stable. Although the legislator often relies on the solutions of the past, they are overridden by everyday practice.Value: Exploring the background to the different solutions used in domestic criminal procedure.
ELemental abundances of Planets and brown dwarfs Imaged around Stars (ELPIS). I. Potential Metal Enrichment of the Exoplanet AF Lep b and a Novel Retrieval Approach for Cloudy Self-luminous Atmospheres
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhoujian 周健 , Mollière Paul , Hawkins Keith , Manea Catherine , Fortney Jonathan J. , Morley Caroline V. , Skemer Andrew , Marley Mark S. , Bowler Brendan P. , Carter Aarynn L. , Franson Kyle , Maas Zachary G. , Sneden Christopher
Published: October 2023

AF Lep A+b is a remarkable planetary system hosting a gas-giant planet that has the lowest dynamical mass among directly imaged exoplanets. We present an in-depth analysis of the atmospheric composition of the star and planet to probe the planet’s formation pathway. Based on new high-resolution spectroscopy of AF Lep A, we measure a uniform set of stellar parameters and elemental abundances (e.g., [Fe/H] = −0.27 ± 0.31 dex). The planet’s dynamical mass (

2.8

−
0.5

+
0.6

M
Jup) and orbit are also refined using published radial velocities, relative astrometry, and absolute astrometry. We use petitRADTRANS to perform chemically consistent atmospheric retrievals for AF Lep b. The radiative–convective equilibrium temperature profiles are incorporated as parameterized priors on the planet’s thermal structure, leading to a robust characterization for cloudy self-luminous atmospheres. This novel approach is enabled by constraining the temperature–pressure profiles via the temperature gradient

(
d
ln
T

/

d
ln
P
)

, a departure from previous studies that solely modeled the temperature. Through multiple retrievals performed on different portions of the 0.9–4.2 μm spectrophotometry, along with different priors on the planet’s mass and radius, we infer that AF Lep b likely possesses a metal-enriched atmosphere ([Fe/H] > 1.0 dex). AF Lep b’s potential metal enrichment may be due to planetesimal accretion, giant impacts, and/or core erosion. The first process coincides with the debris disk in the system, which could be dynamically excited by AF Lep b and lead to planetesimal bombardment. Our analysis also determines T
eff ≈ 800 K,

log
(
g
)
≈
3.7

dex, and the presence of silicate clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere. Straddling the L/T transition, AF Lep b is thus far the coldest exoplanet with suggested evidence of silicate clouds.
Developing a Drift Rate Distribution for Technosignature Searches of Exoplanets
Authors: Li Megan G. , Sheikh Sofia Z. , Gilbertson Christian , He Matthias Y. , Isaacson Howard , Croft Steve , Sneed Evan L.
Published: October 2023

A stable-frequency transmitter with relative radial acceleration to a receiver will show a change in received frequency over time, known as a “drift rate.” For a transmission from an exoplanet, we must account for multiple components of drift rate: the exoplanet’s orbit and rotation, the Earth’s orbit and rotation, and other contributions. Understanding the drift rate distribution produced by exoplanets relative to Earth, can (a) help us constrain the range of drift rates to check in a Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence project to detect radio technosignatures, and (b) help us decide validity of signals-of-interest, as we can compare drifting signals with expected drift rates from the target star. In this paper, we modeled the drift rate distribution for ∼5300 confirmed exoplanets, using parameters from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (NEA). We find that confirmed exoplanets have drift rates such that 99% of them fall within the ±53 nHz range. This implies a distribution-informed maximum drift rate ∼4 times lower than previous work. To mitigate the observational biases inherent in the NEA, we also simulated an exoplanet population built to reduce these biases. The results suggest that, for a Kepler-like target star without known exoplanets, ±0.44 nHz would be sufficient to account for 99% of signals. This reduction in recommended maximum drift rate is partially due to inclination effects and bias toward short orbital periods in the NEA. These narrowed drift rate maxima will increase the efficiency of searches and save significant computational effort in future radio technosignature searches.
ALMA 300 pc Resolution Imaging of a z = 6.79 Quasar: No Evidence for Supermassive Black Hole Influence on the C ii Kinematics
Authors: Meyer Romain A. , Neeleman Marcel , Walter Fabian , Venemans Bram
Published: October 2023

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) [C ii] 158 μm and dust continuum observations of the z = 6.79 quasar J0109–3047 at a resolution of 0.″045 (∼300 pc). The dust and [C ii] emission are enclosed within a ∼500 pc radius, with the central beam (r < 144 pc) accounting for ∼25% (8%) of the total continuum ([C ii]) emission. The far-infrared (FIR) luminosity density increases radially from ∼5 × 1011
L
⊙ kpc−2 to a central value of ∼70 × 1011
L
⊙ kpc−2 (SFRD ∼50–700 M
⊙yr−1 kpc−2). The [C ii] kinematics are dispersion dominated with a constant velocity dispersion of 137 ± 6 km s−1. The constant dispersion implies that the underlying mass distribution is not centrally peaked, consistent with the expectations of a flat gas mass profile. The lack of an upturn in velocity dispersion within the central beam is inconsistent with a black hole mass greater than M
BH < 6.5 × 108
M
⊙ (2σ level), unless highly fine-tuned changes in the interstellar medium properties conspire to produce a decrease of the gas mass in the central beam comparable to the black hole mass. Our observations therefore imply either that (a) the black hole is less massive than previously measured, or (b) the central peak of the FIR and [C ii] emission are not tracing the location of the black hole, as suggested by the tentative offset between the near-infrared position of the quasar and the ALMA continuum emission.
Are “Changing-look” Active Galactic Nuclei Special in the Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Their Hosts? I.
Authors: Wang J. , Zheng W. K. , Brink T. G. , Xu D. W. , Filippenko A. V. , Gao C. , Xie C. H. , Wei J. Y.
Published: October 2023

The nature of the so-called “changing-look” (CL) active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is characterized by spectral-type transitions within ∼10 yr, remains an open question. As the first in our series of studies, we attempt here to understand the CL phenomenon from the view of the coevolution of AGNs and their host galaxies (i.e., if CL-AGNs are at a specific evolutionary stage) by focusing on the SDSS local “partially obscured” AGNs in which the stellar population of the host galaxy can be easily measured in the integrated spectra. A spectroscopic follow-up program using the Xinglong 2.16 m, Lick/Shane 3 m, and Keck 10 m telescopes enables us to identify in total nine CL-AGNs from a sample of 59 candidates selected by their mid-infrared variability. Detailed analysis of these spectra shows that the host galaxies of the CL-AGNs are biased against young stellar populations and tend to be dominated by intermediate-age stellar populations. This motivates us to propose that CL-AGNs are probably particular AGNs at a specific evolutionary stage, such as a transition stage from “feast” to “famine” fueling of the supermassive black hole. In addition, we reinforce the previous claim that CL-AGNs tend to be biased against both a high Eddington ratio and a high bolometric luminosity, suggesting that the disk-wind broad-line-region model is a plausible explanation of the CL phenomenon.
Multipoint Observations of the Dynamics at an ICME Sheath–Ejecta Boundary
Authors: Ala-Lahti Matti , Pulkkinen Tuija I. , Ruohotie Julia , Akhavan-Tafti Mojtaba , Good Simon W. , Kilpua Emilia K. J.
Published: October 2023

The radial evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is dependent on their interaction with the ambient medium, which causes ICME erosion and affects their geoefficiency. Here, an ICME front boundary, which separates the confined ejecta from the mixed, interacted sheath–ejecta plasma upstream, is analyzed in a multipoint study examining the ICME at 1 au on 2020 April 20. A bifurcated current sheet, highly filamented currents, and a two-sided jet were observed at the boundary. The two-sided jet, which was recorded for the first time for a magnetic shear angle <40°, implies multiple (patchy) reconnection sites associated with the ICME erosion. The reconnection exhaust exhibited fine structure, including multistep magnetic field rotation and localized structures that were measured only by separate Cluster spacecraft with the mission inter-spacecraft separation of 0.4–1.6 R
E. The mixed plasma upstream of the boundary with a precursor at 0.8 au lacked coherency at 1 au and exhibited substantial variations of southward magnetic fields over radial (transverse) distances of 41–237 R
E (114 R
E). This incoherence demonstrates the need for continuous (sub)second-resolution plasma and field measurements at multiple locations in the solar wind to adequately address the spatiotemporal structure of ICMEs and to produce accurate space weather predictions.
Crowded No More: The Accuracy of the Hubble Constant Tested with High-resolution Observations of Cepheids by JWST
Authors: Riess Adam G. , Anand Gagandeep S. , Yuan Wenlong , Casertano Stefano , Dolphin Andrew , Macri Lucas M. , Breuval Louise , Scolnic Dan , Perrin Marshall , Anderson Richard I.
Published: October 2023

High-resolution James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations can test confusion-limited Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations for a photometric bias that could affect extragalactic Cepheids and the determination of the Hubble constant. We present JWST NIRCAM observations in two epochs and three filters of >320 Cepheids in NGC 4258 (which has a 1.5% maser-based geometric distance) and in NGC 5584 (host of SN Ia 2007af), near the median distance of the SH0ES HST SN Ia host sample and with the best leverage among them to detect such a bias. JWST provides far superior source separation from line-of-sight companions than HST in the near-infrared to largely negate confusion or crowding noise at these wavelengths, where extinction is minimal. The result is a remarkable >2.5× reduction in the dispersion of the Cepheid period–luminosity relations, from 0.45 to 0.17 mag, improving individual Cepheid precision from 20% to 7%. Two-epoch photometry confirmed identifications, tested JWST photometric stability, and constrained Cepheid phases. The P–L relation intercepts are in very good agreement, with differences (JWST−HST) of 0.00 ± 0.03 and 0.02 ± 0.03 mag for NGC 4258 and NGC 5584, respectively. The difference in the determination of H0 between HST and JWST from these intercepts is 0.02 ± 0.04 mag, insensitive to JWST zero-points or count rate nonlinearity thanks to error cancellation between rungs. We explore a broad range of analysis variants (including passband combinations, phase corrections, measured detector offsets, and crowding levels) indicating robust baseline results. These observations provide the strongest evidence yet that systematic errors in HST Cepheid photometry do not play a significant role in the present Hubble Tension. Upcoming JWST observations of >12 SN Ia hosts should further refine the local measurement of the Hubble constant.
Jet Lorentz Factor Constraint for GRB 221009A Based on the Optical Depth of the TeV Photons
Authors: Gao Duan-Yuan , Zou Yuan-Chuan
Published: October 2023

The recent detection of teraelectronvolt (TeV) photons from the record-breaking gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A during its prompt phase poses challenges for constraining its Lorentz factor. We reevaluate the constraints on the jet Lorentz factor considering a two-zone model, wherein the TeV photons originate from the external shock region while the lower-energy MeV photons come from the internal prompt emission region. By properly accounting for the evolution of the MeV photon spectrum and light curve, we calculate the optical depth for TeV photons and derive a minimum Lorentz factor of about 300. It is consistent with the afterglow modeling for the TeV emission.
Investigating Manganese-oxidizing microbial Biofilms in a historic Copper Mine of Upper Frankonia
Authors: Lueders Tillmann , Mechela Christopher , Beulig Felix , Obst Martin
Published: October 2023

Providing evidence for presumed chemolithoautotrophic manganese oxidation remains a major and challenging objective in subsurface microbiology. Here, we report on the dissection of blackish, leathery microbial biofilms discovered in the “Goldene Falk”, a historic copper mine in Northern Bavaria, with mine shafts originating back to the 15th centrury. Biogeochemical analysis of the biofilm indicated a notable enrichment of manganese oxides (MnOX), with Mn making up for more than 10% (dry weight) of the deposits. STXM analysis suggested a clear biogenic origin of MnOX in situ. Characteristic nodules of MnOX with microbial cells attached were also found in aerobic Mn-oxidizing enrichment cultures set up in minimal media in the lab. The biofilms obtained from the mine were also subjected to amplicon and metagenomic sequencing,revealing a vast diversity of presumably chemolithoautotrophic and heterotrophic microbial lineages, including members of the Pyrinomonadaceae, Rhizobiales, Methylomirabilaceae and also lineages within the Nitrospiraceae previously reported to be associated with lithotrophic Mn oxidation. We reconstructed >100 high-quality bacterial genomes (MAGs), many of them carrying genomic signatures of biogenic Mn oxidation (albeit non-lithotrophic). We continue to investigate the biofilms, our enrichment cultures and the metagenomic data obtained from the mine for further evidence of possible autotrophic manganese oxidation, the macroscopic leathery biofilm representing a likely habitat for these still enigmatic microbes. Indications for nitrogen and sulfur cycling also ongoing in the biofilms will also be discussed. This research contributes to a better understanding of the yet-enigmatic capacities of the microbiota in man-made subsurface environments.
Nitrate stimulated microbial and viral activity and the subsequent influence on uranium mobility in sedimentary systems
Authors: Weber Karrie , Westrop Jeffrey , Yadav Pooja , Rosso Taylor , Noel Vincent , Van Veelen Arjen , Boye Kristen , Bargar John , Wu Xiaoqin , Chakraborty Romy
Published: October 2023

Mobilization of naturally-occurring uranium(U) has been recognized to give rise to geogenic U groundwater contamination in aquifers. In addition to carbonate ligand complexation, nitrate has been demonstrated to play a role in controlling U mobility by altering uranium solubility through redox reactions. Nitrate is a common anthropogenic contaminant often prevalent at high concentrations in alluvial aquifers overlaying managed land. Alluvial deposition processes that form these aquifers create a lithologically heterogeneous subsurface with defined contacts between sands, silts, and clays. This leads to deposition of organic carbon and accumulation of reduced metals/radionuclides, including U(IV), in the finer grained silts and clays. The addition of high nitrate porewater into uranium-bearing alluvial aquifer silt sediments stimulated a nitrate reducing microbial community capable of catalyzing U(IV) oxidation and mobilization of U into porewaters. However, metadata from an aquifer wide study and a subsequent experiment revealed that this result is concentration dependent. Low concentrations of nitrate bearing pore-water added into organic-rich, uranium bearing sediments and resulted in a decrease in dissolved U(VI), consistent with reduction. XANES analysis of sediments supported U(VI) reduction with the precipitation of U(IV). U(VI) reduction activity occurred concurrent with an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and cell and virus abundance and activity. Metagenome assembled genomes from the microbial community revealed the metabolic potential indicating complex carbon degradation, fermentation, mineralization as well as the potential for anaerobic respiration of nitrate, metal/radionuclides, and sulfate. The virome recovered from the samples indicated a change in viral community in response to nitrate amendments and viral-encoded carbohydrate active enzymes were upregulated indicating a coupled response of both viral and microbial community regulating nitrate stimulated carbon biogeochemical cycling. These data together suggest that the addition of an electron acceptor in to organic carbon reduced sediments stimulates not only microbial but also viral activity leading to upregulation of genes associated with carbon biogeochemical cycling in sedimentary systems. While genes associated with metal oxidation are observed, net reduction of uranium prevails leading to uranium immobilization at low nitrate concentrations. Thus together these data indicate a tipping point whereby the influx of nitrate into the reduced environment can influence uranium mobility in DOC and carbon cycling supporting microbial activity and reducing conditions subsurface systems.
Exemple de coconstruction d’un programme d’empowerment en faveur de la santé des personnes vivant avec des troubles psychiques
Authors: Guillermet Élise , Meunier-Beillard Nicolas , Costa Marie , Defaut Marion , Millot Isabelle , Demassiet Vincent , Roelandt Jean-Luc , Denis Frédéric
Published: October 2023

Introduction : Au sein de la population présentant des troubles psychiques sévères et persistants, on observe une surreprésentation des facteurs de risque et des pathologies cardiovasculaires. Une personne chez qui un diagnostic de schizophrénie ou de troubles bipolaires a été porté aurait deux à trois fois plus de risque de mourir d’une maladie cardiovasculaire que la population générale. But de l’étude : Dans le cadre du projet « Collaboration patient-soignant pour une meilleure prise en charge des troubles cardiovasculaires des patients souffrant de troubles psychiques au long cours » (COPsyCAT), un programme d’ empowerment a été coconstruit pour réduire ces inégalités de santé. La prise en compte de l’expérience et des besoins des patients, de leurs aidants et des professionnels de santé est au cœur de chacune des étapes méthodologiques suivies pour la création du programme. Résultats : Les parties prenantes ont défini le programme comme devant viser l’amélioration de la qualité de vie et non la réduction du risque cardiovasculaire. Des outils ont été sélectionnés selon leur maniabilité pour permettre l’orientation autogérée des patients, de telle sorte que les contraintes inhérentes aux cloisonnements entre psychiatrie et soins primaires soient contournées. Le programme se base sur la mutualisation des ressources existantes sur un territoire. Pouvoir d’agir individuel et construction de contexte favorable à la santé sont ainsi pensés pour se renforcer mutuellement et agir sur des leviers réformateurs. Conclusions : Cet article décrit concrètement les étapes grâce auxquelles le programme d’ empowerment COPsyCAT a été conçu, en coconstruction par les chercheurs de l’étude, les usagers et associations d’usagers et les professionnels de santé à partir de leurs savoirs expérientiels. La faisabilité du programme et l’appropriation des outils en situation réelle va être prochainement évaluée. La mesure de l’efficacité du programme sur le risque cardiovasculaire viendra dans un second temps.
Coopérations entre professionnels de santé en soins primaires pour la prise en charge des troubles musculosquelettiques une revue narrative
Authors: Kechichian Amélie , Imbert Florian , Pinsault Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Introduction : L’engorgement des services de soins primaires et l’augmentation de la demande de soins conduisent à des difficultés croissantes d’accès aux soins de premier recours pour les patients souffrant de troubles musculosquelettiques. Pour y faire face, plusieurs modèles de partage de tâches entre les professionnels de santé sont mis en place. Dans la littérature, différentes notions sont employées pour décrire ces modèles. En France, ces expérimentations peuvent prendre la forme de « protocoles de coopération » établis entre les médecins généralistes et les kinésithérapeutes. Objectif : Cette revue narrative vise à définir les notions employées pour décrire les modèles de partage de tâches impliquant les kinésithérapeutes dans la prise en charge des troubles musculosquelettiques à l’international, puis à décrire ces modèles et leur impact pour aboutir à des perspectives d’évolution des expérimentations françaises. Résultats : Les notions de « délégation », de « transfert », de « substitution », de « supplémentation » et de « pratique avancée » sont employées dans la littérature. À la différence des termes « délégation » et « transfert », une distinction claire est retrouvée entre la substitution et la supplémentation. La pratique avancée en kinésithérapie est quant à elle, définie et reconnue à l’international. Elle permettrait d’améliorer l’accès et la qualité des soins, sans augmentation des coûts. En France, deux protocoles nationaux de coopération entre les médecins généralistes et les kinésithérapeutes existent pour les troubles musculo-squelettiques. En tenant compte des freins à leur déploiement rencontrés sur le terrain, ces modèles gagneraient à être repensés en s’inspirant du cadre international de la pratique avancée en kinésithérapie. Conclusions : Les modèles de partage de tâches impliquant les kinésithérapeutes en soins primaires semblent être des leviers d’amélioration de l’accès aux soins pour les patients souffrant de troubles musculosquelettiques. Davantage d’études permettant de mieux définir les modèles, leurs objectifs et d’en évaluer l’efficacité dans le contexte français restent nécessaires.