bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method of Personal Music Psychological Recognition Based on Psychological and Physiological Signals
Authors: Pang Peijie
Published: September 2022

We can hear sweet and touching music in our daily life. We like listening to music because music can affect our emotions. Dynamic music makes us very excited. When we are sad, hearing beautiful music can make us happy. In physiology, music affects many physiological processes. It can inhibit fatigue and affect pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure level. “Listening music helps improve mood.” Although the pursuit of personal happiness is likely to be considered a self-centered adventure, research shows that happiness is positively correlated with socially beneficial behavior, better health, higher income, and better interpersonal relationships. Another reason why we like music and music can be used very effectively for various therapeutic goals is that music is used in many ways in our society. When a group of people come together to sing a chorus or engage in musical activities, concerts establish new ties between people and make them closer. People grow up listening to lullabies from birth. When they die, they end their lives with funeral music (songs). It may be said that one’s life begins with music and ends with music. Through music, we sing about social phenomena, express ourselves, and communicate with others. The themes and hidden contents that the music production society is unwilling to express publicly are not limited by any judgment. It should be noted that the functions of the above music are flexibly applied according to personal conditions, rather than being classified and limited by functions.
Diabetes Mellitus and Clinical Outcomes in Carotid Artery Revascularization Using Second-Generation, MicroNet-Covered Stents: Analysis from the PARADIGM Study
Authors: Mazurek Adam , Borratynska Anna , Gancarczyk Urszula , Czyz Lukasz , Sikorska Martyna , Tekieli Lukasz , Sobien Bartosz , Jakiel Marcin , Trystula Mariusz , Drazkiewicz Tomasz , Podolec Piotr , Musialek Piotr
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) using conventional (single-layer) stents is associated with worse clinical outcomes in diabetes mellitus (DM) vs. non-DM patients: an effect driven largely by lesion-related adverse events. CAS outcomes with MicroNet-covered stents (MCS) in diabetic patients have not been evaluated. Aim. To compare short- and long-term clinical outcomes and restenosis rate in DM vs. non-DM patients with carotid stenosis treated using MCS. Materials and Methods. In a prospective study in all-comer symptomatic and increased-stroke-risk asymptomatic carotid stenosis, 101 consecutive patients (age 51-86 years, 41% diabetics) underwent 106 MCS-CAS. Clinical outcomes and duplex ultrasound velocities were assessed periprocedurally and at 30 days/12 months. Results. Baseline characteristics of DM vs. non-DM patients were similar except for a higher prevalence of recent cerebral symptoms in DM. Type 1 and type 1+2 plaques were more prevalent in DM patients (26.7% vs. 9.8%,

p
=
0.02

; 62.2% vs. 37.7%,

p
=
0.01

). Proximal embolic protection was more prevalent in DM (60% vs. 36%;

p
=
0.015

). 30-day clinical complications were limited to a single periprocedural minor stroke in DM (2.4% vs. 0%,

p
=
0.22

). 12-month in-stent velocities and clinical outcomes were not different (death rate 4.8% vs. 3.3%;

p
=
0.69

; no new strokes). Restenosis rate was not different (0% vs. 1.7%,

p
=
0.22

). Conclusions. MCS may offset the adverse impact of DM on periprocedural, 30-day, and 12-month clinical complications of CAS and minimize the risk of in-stent restenosis. In this increased-stroke-risk cohort, adverse event rate was low both in DM and non-DM. Further larger-scale clinical datasets including extended follow-ups are warranted.
Comparative Study of Biotin and Hydroxyapatite on Biological Properties of Composite Coating
Authors: Hamad Qahtan A. , Al-Hasani Fatimah J. , Faheed Noor K.
Published: September 2022

The ultimate goal of using biomaterials is to improve human health by restoring the function of natural living tissues and organs in the body. The present work aims to modify the composite coating layer properties by using two different types of bioactive reinforcing materials (biotin and hydroxyapatite) particles in different percentages (5% and 10%). Coatings were applied onto commercially pure Ti, SS 316 L, and SS 304 substrates by the dip-coating method. Characterization of samples includes microstructure observation by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), contact angle measurement (wettability), and MTT. The results show the addition of metallic particles (bioparticles) (hydroxyapatite particles, biotin) at 5 Vol. % improved the whole properties of composite materials. Using different particles’ scale size aids to enhance the combinations in the alginate matrix producing a dual effect on composite film properties. In addition, the inclusion of metallic particles has to increase the wettability by reducing the contact angle. At the same time, MTT graphs revealed that after 3 days of exposure in MG-63 cells, 316 L SS alloys’ surface following pack adhesion became more active.
Flow Resistance Analysis of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Yizhe , Zhao Luxiang , Zheng Zhuozhao , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2022

Cirrhosis-induced clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) is a fatal disease. Early detection of CSPH is vitally important to reduce the patients’ mortality rate. In this study, combined with three-dimensional image construction technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), an image-based flow resistance analysis was proposed. The flow resistance analysis was performed for nine cirrhosis patients with CSPH and ten participants without liver diseases, respectively. The results showed that the flow resistance coefficient of the portal vein system in CSPH patients was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.97 ± 0.11 Pa/(mL/s) for CSPH patients; 1.80 ± 0.40 Pa/(mL/s) for the control group;

P
=
0.028

). In contrast, although main portal vein dilation was found in CSPH patients, the cross-sectional area enlargement was not statistically significant (186.01 ± 57.48 mm2 for CSPH patients; 166.26 ± 33.74 mm2 for the control group;

P
=
0.39

). The research outcomes indicated that the flow resistance analysis was more sensitive than the commonly used vessel size measurement in the detection of CSPH. In summary, we suggest using flow resistance analysis as a supplementary noninvasive method to detect cirrhosis patients with CSPH.
The Efficacy and Safety of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Based on FOLFIRI for Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma as Second-Line and Successive Treatment: A Real-World Study
Authors: Huang Peixin , Huang Xiaoyong , Zhou Yingting , Yang Guohuan , Sun Qiman , Shi Guoming , Chen Yi
Published: September 2022

Objective. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a primary liver malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited treatment. Cisplatin with gemcitabine is used as the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen; however, there is still no robust evidence for second-line and successive treatments. Although preliminary evidence suggests a vital role of precision therapy or immunotherapy in a subset of patients, the gene alteration rate is relatively low. Herein, we explored the second-line and successive treatments using hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) based on FOLFIRI after the failure of gemcitabine and platinum combined with target and immunotherapy in refractory CCAs. Methods. Advanced patients with iCCAs confirmed by diagnostic pathology, who progressed at least on a gemcitabine/platinum doublet and/or other systemic chemotherapy combined with target therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor, were included. All patients received infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin with irinotecan (FOLFIRI) via HAIC until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary objective was the feasibility of treatment, with secondary objectives of disease control rate (DCR) and 6-month survival rate. Results. A total of 9 iCCA patients treated between Dec 2020 and May 2021 were enrolled; 2 patients suffered from distant metastasis, while 7 had local lymph node metastasis and portal vein or hepatic vein invasion. HAIC was delivered as second-line therapy in 6/9 patients, while a third or successive therapy in 3/9 patients. The patients accepted an average of 2.90 ± 1.69 cycles of HAIC. The objective response rate was 22.2%; the disease control rate was 55.5% (5/9); median progression-free survival was 5 months; and 6-month survival rate was 66.7% (6/9). Conclusions. Our results provide preliminary evidence that HAIC based on FOLFIRI regimen is efficient and safe in some patients progressing after previous treatment. Therefore, HAIC may be a promising and valuable complementary therapy for advanced CCAs as a second-line and successive therapy. Otherwise, the combination of HAIC with precision medicine may improve clinical benefits (clinical registration number: 2021BAT4857).
Adsorptive Detoxification of Congo Red and Brilliant Green Dyes Using Chemically Processed Brassica Oleracea Biowaste from Waste Water
Authors: Kanwal Ayesha , Rehman Rabia , Imran Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Water pollution being a potential risk to mankind is treated in several ways which includes chemical treatments. Among them, adsorption took a prominent position for the removal of many hazardous dyes from waste water. Here in this study, an environment-friendly, inexpensive, and broadly available leaves of Brassica oleracea were utilized for adsorption of two carcinogenic dyes, i.e., Congo red and brilliant green. The adsorbent Brassica oleracea leaves were collected, dried, and characterized by FTIR and SEM and then utilized in batch manner for dye removal. Isothermal modeling was carried out on data obtained after experiment which show the best fitting of Langmuir with [Formula: see text] 42.553 and 103.093 mg.g-1 for Congo red (CR) and brilliant green (BG), respectively. Consequently, a homogenous, monolayer mode of adsorption was followed. Kinetic modeling supported pseudosecond order and Elovich model in most suitable manner. It was also found that a spontaneous, exothermic process provided by the values of thermodynamic parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) was calculated.
Maternal Stress during Pregnancy in Mice Induces Sex-Dependent Behavioral Alterations in Offspring along with Impaired Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolism
Authors: Moura Clarissa A. , Cagni Fernanda C. , Costa Layse R.F. , Tiago Pamella R.F. , Croyal Mikaël , Aguesse Audrey , Reyes-Castro Luis A. , Zambrano Elena , Bolaños-Jiménez Francisco , Gavioli Elaine Cristina
Published: September 2022

Maternal stress during pregnancy results in increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders in the offspring including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and autism. However, the mechanisms underlying this disease susceptibility remain largely to be determined. In this study, the involvement of the serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (KYN) pathways of tryptophan metabolism on the behavioral deficits induced by maternal stress during the late phase of gestation in mice was investigated. Adult offspring born to control or restraint-stressed dams were exposed to the elevated plus-maze and tail suspension tests. Metabolites of the KYN and 5-HT pathways were measured in the hippocampus and brainstem by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Female, but not male, prenatally stressed (PNS) offspring displayed a depressive-like phenotype, mainly when in proestrus/diestrus, along with reduced hippocampal 5-HT levels and high 5-HT turnover rate in the hippocampus and brainstem. In contrast, male PNS mice showed enhanced anxiety-like behaviors and higher hippocampal and brainstem quinolinic acid levels compared to male offspring born to nonstressed dams. These results indicate that maternal stress affects the behavior and brain metabolism of tryptophan in the offspring in a sex-dependent manner and suggest that alterations in both the 5-HT and KYN pathways may underlie the emotional dysfunctions observed in individuals exposed to stress during in utero development.
The Impact of Breast Awareness on the Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Young Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Banihashemi Dorsa , Brennan Meagan E.
Published: September 2022

Background: “Breast awareness” is a recommendation that women understand the symptoms of breast cancer and become familiar with the usual look and feel of their breasts. It is recommended for women of all ages in breast cancer screening guidelines around the world. The objective of this study was to assess the evidence for breast awareness by investigating its effect on breast cancer outcomes in women of pre-mammographic-screening age (under age 40), at average risk of breast cancer. Methods: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA methodology. Following the search, abstracts and full-text articles were assessed against eligibility criteria. Data were extracted into evidence tables, risk of bias was assessed, narrative synthesis was performed, and results were described. Eligible studies were original research studies assessing the impact of breast awareness on cancer outcomes (such as stage at diagnosis or survival) in women ≤40. Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched. Results: After screening the 6,204 abstracts identified in the search, no studies meeting all eligibility criteria were found. Two partially eligible studies were identified. These met the intervention and outcomes criteria but included mixed-age cohorts that included but were not limited to women ≤40. These studies provided low-level (Level IV) evidence of moderate quality that there is some benefit (earlier stage at diagnosis and/or improved survival) of breast awareness in a mixed-age cohort that included some younger women. Conclusions: No studies evaluating the impact of breast awareness exclusively in young women were identified. Limited evidence of benefit of breast awareness was found. Guidelines that recommend breast awareness should be reviewed and qualified with an explanation that the evidence of benefit is weak. Women have limited screening options available to them for the early detection of breast cancer until they reach mammographic screening age. The study was registered on Prospero (ID: CRD42021279457).
Três entrevistas com biógrafos e estudiosos da obra de José Saramago
Authors: Thimóteo Saulo Gomes , Costa Horácio
Published: September 2022

Entrevistas realizadas com Fernando Gómes Aguilera, Miguel Real e Ricardo Viel.
Traços de uma poética saramaguiana: as marcas do narrador em seu universo romanesco
Authors: Rosa Daniele dos Santos
Published: September 2022

Este artigo investiga as particularidades presentes no narrador desenvolvido por José Saramago em alguns de seus romances, a fim de apreender a “poética saramaguiana”, ou seja, o reconhecimento de construções estéticas que dão forma original e particular à obra desse importante escritor português. A partir do estudo da presença e dos movimentos do narrador no universo romanesco, foi possível apreender as consequências desses recursos estilísticos durante a enunciação como forma de transfiguração da experiência humana encenada.
Effects of wind farm on land bird composition at Kachchh District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Selvaraj Ramesh Kumar  , P.R. Arun  , A. Mohamed Samsoor Ali
Published: September 2022

Bird assemblages in wind farm areas tend to change during the construction and operational phases, causing significant impacts in addition to collision mortality. Most existing studies on this issue are reported from North America and Europe, and it is largely under reported in Asian countries. We assessed patterns of bird assemblage in a wind farm and control areas in Kachchh, India, from October 2012 to May 2014, using point count method (79 sampling points with a 50 m radius). We recorded 54 species of land birds, mainly passerines. Species richness and diversity were higher in the control site, and the abundance of most passerine species was lower in the wind farm area, although the abundance of larks and wheatears was higher in the wind farm areas. Species composition was significantly different in both the sites. This difference is attributed to the presence of wind turbines and a difference in land use pattern.
Age estimation of Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lion Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae): applicability of cementum annuli analysis method
Authors: Vipin  , Chandra Prakash Sharma  , Vinita Sharma  , Surendra Prakash Goyal  , Heather Stevens  , Sandeep Kumar Gupta
Published: September 2022

We describe the applicability of the cementum annuli analysis technique for estimating the age of Tiger Panthera tigris and Asiatic Lion Panthera leo using incisor teeth. We used I2 and I3 incisor teeth from the right mandible of Tiger and I2 and I3 from the left premaxilla of the Lion. The longitudinal sections of the teeth were prepared using an economical hand grinding technique with the help of sandpaper, followed by decalcification and staining with hematoxylin. Two cementum layers were observed under the microscope in each of the I2 and I3 incisor teeth of the Tiger and six cementum layers were observed in each of the I2 and I3 incisor teeth of the Lion. The permanent incisors in Tiger and Lion erupt between 12 and 14 months of age; hence, we added one year to the counted number of cementum layers to estimate the final age of Tiger and Lion incisors. The age of Tiger and Lion incisors were estimated to be of three years and seven years, respectively. This method may be suitable for estimating other carnivores’ age and applicable in wildlife forensic studies.
Persistent Wet and Dry Spells of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: A Reexamination of Definitions of “Active” and “Break” Events
Authors: Saha Prolay , Mahanta Rahul , Rajesh P. V. , Goswami B. N.
Published: September 2022

Persisting wet events (PWEs) and persisting dry events (PDEs) over central India (CI), defined by rain spells lasting for 5 days or more above and below climatology, respectively, represent an important component of the Indian summer monsoon’s intraseasonal variability. However, half of such PREs and PDEs that do not overlap with conventionally defined “active” and “break” spells over CI while contributing about 20% to the seasonal mean remained poorly studied. Here we find that, in contrast to more abundant longer (>5 days) wet and dry spells over the CI, the intraseasonal rainfall variability over northeast India (NEI) is characterized by higher abundance of intense shorter spells (<5 days). Physically, the difference is linked to the fact that monsoon intraseasonal oscillations with a 30–60-day time scale dominate subseasonal variability over the CI, whereas the 10–20-day quasi-biweekly mode dominates subseasonal variability over NEI. While non-overlapping PDEs are associated with large-scale but lower-intensity breaks, non-overlapping PWEs are associated with synoptic events with relatively smaller spatial scales rather than large-scale active events. Here, a percentile-based definition of active and break spells as daily rainfall in excess of the 90th percentile and below the 30th percentile, respectively, persisting for more than 3 days is proposed; this encompasses almost all non-overlapping PWEs and PDEs and is expected to be more useful to the users. Contributions of the subseasonal fluctuations to the seasonal mean and their association with predictable drivers indicate that the seasonal mean rainfall over the NEI is significantly less predictable than that over the CI.

Significance Statement

Farmers eagerly await the extended range projections of “wet” and “dry” phases of Indian monsoon intraseasonal variability for planting, harvesting, and water resource management. The prevailing definitions for “active” and “break” spells, however, ignored the less intense persisting wet or dry events that contribute roughly equally to the seasonal mean rainfall. To facilitate the process, a new percentile-based definition of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall’s intraseasonal spells is proposed that includes nearly all non-overlapping PWEs and PDEs. The subseasonal fluctuations’ contributions to the seasonal mean and its association with predictable drivers suggest that the seasonal mean rainfall over the NEI is much less predictable than that over the CI, and thus illustrates the contrasting features of spells within these two regions.
La « religion culturelle » en France et au Québec : quelques réflexions à partir de l’étude des Journées mondiales de la jeunesse
Authors: Mercier Charles
Published: September 2022

This article sheds light on the dynamics of ‘cultural Catholicism’ in France and Quebec, two French-speaking areas which were homogeneous Catholic societies and which are today affected by secularization and religious pluralization. To do this, it compares the reception of two World Youth Days (WYDs) : that of 1997 (Paris), and that of 2002 (Toronto). As they associate Catholicism with a global identity, WYDs weaken cultural religion, that aims to cement ethnic cohesion. The success of the device in France, and its relative failure in Quebec, reveal two regimes of religiosity at the turn of the millennium : In France, Catholicism only partially structures the national identity, which facilitates the adhesion to a globalist Catholic event. In Quebec, Catholicism remains an ambivalent pillar of the social imaginary, which hinders its celebration in a pan-Canadian and transnational frame.
Research on model identification and compound control of vibration mirror swing scan system
Authors: Du Xiaoyan , Li Jianying , Guo Xinmin , Zhang Jianlong
Published: September 2022

According to the principle of system identification, the least squares algorithm and MATLAB system identification toolbox is used to identify the model of the test bench of the vibration mirror swing scan system with the step signal and the vibration mirror swing-sweep angular displacement as the input and output quantities. Taking the identification model as the object, a sliding mode variable structures composite controller of fuzzy switching gain adjustment is designed. In the controller, according to the actual conditions achieved by the sliding mode, the switching gain is effectively estimated, so as to eliminate the interference of uncertain factors and high-frequency vibration. At the same time, the sliding mode function and sliding mode controller of the system needs to be designed. The switching hyperplane of the system is designed using the fuzzy switching method and the desired dynamic characteristics of the system, to ensure the smooth transition of the system state from outside the hyperplane to the convergence of the switching hyperplane. The simulation results show that: the new composite control method eliminates the shortcomings of PD series control, improves the response speed and tracking accuracy of the vibration mirror swing scan system, and improves the overall performance of the system. And it has a strong ability to inhibit the adverse effects caused by changes in the parameters of the controlled object.
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using a thiol-functionalized ionic liquid-based periodic mesoporous organosilica: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Shojaeipoor Frood , Yazdanpanah Enayatollah
Published: September 2022

Integrated wastewater handling and organic dye management are important challenges that scientists are working to solve today. A thiol-functionalized ionic liquid-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO-IL-SH) has been prepared and characterized using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis and applied as a robust adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) as an organic dye from an aqueous solution. The optimized conditions were achieved by using 0.04 g of PMO-IL-SH, 10 mg L−1 of MB at 35 min of contact time and pH 8. Fitting the equilibrium data shows the suitability of the Langmuir model with a second-order equation to control the kinetics of the adsorption process with the adsorption capacity of 384.61 mg g–1. This study may provide insight for remarkable removal of organic dyes to refine water challenges.
Electrical-mechanical behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites under three-point bending
Authors: Huang Wei , Xue Yousong , Xue Lingming , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2022

Electrical responses of three-dimensional braided composites under mechanical loads are important for the design of structural health monitoring in real time. Here we reported electrical properties and electrical-mechanical behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites with different braiding angles under three-point bending load, and investigated the correlation between electrical resistance and damage of the three-dimensional braided composites. We found that change of resistance reflected damage modes of the composite. In addition, we proposed an electrical-mechanical model to explain the resistance changes of three-dimensional braided composites based on the Weibull distribution function. The results of the model verify the effectiveness and rationality of the experimental results under bending load, which provides a theoretical basis for the structural health monitoring of three-dimensional braided composites through a electrical resistance change method.
An experimental study on the vibration behavior and the physical properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics manufactured using flat knitting technology
Authors: Chen Fuxing , Wang Ji , Gao Shouwu , Ning Xin , Yan Pengxiang , Tian Mingwei
Published: September 2022

Weft-knitted spacer fabrics, a kind of three-dimensional fabric structure, are potential substitutes for typical rubber sponges and polyurethane foams for the protection of human body from exposure to vibrations. To explore the capability and the designability of weft-knitted spacer fabrics as the functional material of personal protective equipment against vibration, such as anti-vibration gloves and car cushions, the vibration behavior and physical properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics manufactured using flat knitting technology were studied. In the first part of the article, the vibration behavior of top-loaded weft-knitted spacer fabric under harmonic base excitation was analyzed. The effects of monofilament diameter, linking distance and excitation acceleration level on the transmissibility curve of the mass-spacer fabric were evaluated. It was shown that to broaden the frequency range for vibration isolation, spacer fabrics with smaller monofilament diameter and longer linking distance were preferred. In the second part of the article, the effects of monofilament type, monofilament diameter, and spacer structure on the physical properties of spacer fabric including fabric shrinkage coefficient, fabric thickness, fabric stitch densities, and fabric areal mass were analyzed. It was found that fabric thickness was increased by employing spacer structures with longer linking distance and lower filling density of spacer monofilament. In addition, in order to obtain an optimized high fabric thickness, nylon monofilament was preferred to polyester monofilament. On the other hand, monofilament diameter has a significant influence on stitch densities and fabric areal mass. Larger monofilament diameter resulted in lower stitch densities and heavier areal mass for spacer fabric.
THE U.S. WITHDRAWAL, TALIBAN TAKEOVER, AND ONTOLOGICAL (IN)SECURITY IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Ameyaw-Brobbey Thomas
Published: September 2022

Security discussions of the Taliban’s second takeover of Afghanistan center on physical security threats, neglecting the ontological aspect related to how security entails the metaphysics of life—being, feeling alive, or having a sense of self. This article examines this ontological threat to the Afghan people to complement the security discussion and open up more avenues of dialog. I use ontological security to explain the Afghans’ behavior toward the Taliban takeover and ask how does the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan pose a security threat to urban Afghans? Why are urbanite Afghans paranoiac about the Taliban presence to the extent that some choose to die by falling from a moving aircraft? I use the ontological security analytical framework and discursive approach to finding answers. I argue that the Taliban takeover creates ontological insecurity that threatens urban Afghans’ sense of ordinary living or being in the world. Specifically, ontological insecurity creates significant and chronic uncertainties and dangers to Afghans. This is especially so regarding the urbanites with higher socioeconomic status, whose being in the world is threatened as their ordinary living conditions are likely to be contested by the Taliban. The contest is asymmetric, favoring the Taliban. Such uncertainty of existential conditions leads to mistrust of Urban Afghans’ basic sense of safety and a misrecognition of their true identity. Thus, their actions and behaviors have been consequent attempts to respond to the anxieties and risks to their existential position. This work contributes to the ontological security literature, helping fill the gap in the security discussions in international relations and serves policy relevance.
Galantamine Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability Profiles Are Similar in Healthy Caucasian and Japanese Subjects
Authors: Zhao Qinying , Brett Martin , van Osselaer Nancy , Huang Fenglei , Raoult Alain , van Peer Achiel , Verhaeghe Tom , Hust Rita
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of galantamine in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects and assess the safety and tolerability of galantamine in both ethnic groups. Parallel groups of healthy Japanese (n = 13; 6 males and 7females) and Caucasian (n = 12; 6males and 6 females) subjects matched for weight and age received single oral doses of galantamine 4 mg, or galantamine 8 mg, or placebo in a double‐blind, three‐way crossover trial according to a randomized dosing schedule. Concentrations of galantamine and norgalantamine were determined in plasma and urine samples taken up to 48 and 24 hours after dosing, respectively. Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the trial by recording adverse events, laboratoryr tests, and cardiovascular parameters. The mean plasma concentration‐time profiles of galantamine were very similar after single doses of galantamine (4 and 8 mg), and there was an approximate dose proportionality of galantamine pharmacokinetic parameters in both Caucasian and Japanese ethnic groups. The mean (± SD) pharmacokinetic parameters in the two ethnic groups did not show any clinically relevant differences. The ratios for the area under the plasma‐concentration curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0∞) in Japanese. Caucasian subjects with 4 and 8 mg doses were 103% (90% confidence interval [CI] = 92–116) and 107% (90% CI = 94–121), respectively. Ratios for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values were 107% (90% CI= 90–127) and 108% (90% CI =95–123), respectively These ratios and associated 90% CIs were within the 80% to 125% range limit of bioequivalence. Analysis of variance (ANCWA) showed that these ratio values demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two ethnic groups. There was no overt difference in the adverse event profile in Japanese subjects compared with Caucasian subjects. There were no serious adverse events, and no subjects discontinued from the study because of adverse events. No consistent or clinically relevant pattern of blood chemistry, hematology, or cardiovascular changes was seen. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetic profiles of galantamine after single‐dose administration are not statistically significantly different between Caucasian and Japanese groups. Galantamine was well tolerated. The safety and tolerability of galantamine were very similar in the two ethnic groups.
Drugs Released for Clinical Use
Authors: de HAEN PAUL
Published: September 2022

This listing includes new single chemical entities and preparations, duplicate single products, and combination products that have become available for clinical use during the period from December 21, 1968 to February 20, 1969. The information is taken from the manufacturer's package insert or brochure, which should be consulted for further details on indications, dosage, contraindications, and adverse reactions.
Drugs Released for Clinical Use
Authors: de HAEN PAUL
Published: September 2022

This listing includes new single chemical entities and preparations, duplicate single products, and combination products that have become available for clinical use during the period from August 21 to October 20, 1969. This information is taken from the manufacturer's package insert or brochure, which should be consulted for further details on indications, dosage, contraindications, and adverse reactions.
Drugs Released for Clinical Use
Authors: de HAEN PAUL
Published: September 2022

This listing includes new single chemical entities and preparations, duplicate single products, and combination products that have become available for clinical use during the period from December 21, 1969, to February 20, 1970. This information is taken from the manufacturer's package insert or brochure, which should be consulted for further details on indications, dosage, contraindications, and adverse reactions.
Impact of Social Support on Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Gender Minority Adults
Authors: Pate Ashley R. , DeShong Hilary L. , Stafford Ty W.D. , Nadorff Michael R.
Published: September 2022

This study examined the impact of social support from family, non-gender minority friends, gender minority friends, and religious groups on suicidal ideation, suicide attempt history, and the number of suicide attempts. Researchers hypothesized that these types of social support were associated with lower suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This research is a secondary analysis of the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Survey (THIS) data set ( N = 350). Logistic regressions assessed suicidal ideation and attempts. Linear regression assessed the number of suicide attempts. Age was a covariate in all analyses. Social support from family ( B = -.419, SE = .119, p < .001) was negatively associated with suicidal ideation and was not associated with an attempt history or number of attempts. This finding suggests that increasing social support from family may be an important factor to consider for suicide prevention for gender minority individuals.
Bureaucracy Meets Digital Reality: The unfolding of urban platforms in European municipal governments
Authors: Lekkas Charlotte-Katharina , Souitaris Vangelis
Published: September 2022

The rise of digital technologies provides an opportunity to study smart cities as new organizational forms. We ask whether and how digital platforms and ecosystems affect the bureaucratic governance of municipal governments. To this end, we offer a multiple case analysis based on rich empirical, longitudinal data of seven European smart cities. We find that the contradicting logic of platform governance creates organizational tensions within the bureaucratic municipal government and at the interface between the municipal government and its external partners. We distil a process that describes how these tensions are resolved through a temporary shift to a non-bureaucratic work mode, and the subsequent formalization and institutionalization of those practices as new bureaucratic rules. We make three contributions. First, we contribute to the smart-city literature by outlining an overarching process of how data-driven technologies affect bureaucratic municipal governments. Second, we contribute to the ongoing conversation about the changing nature of Weberian bureaucracy showing how bureaucracy preserves its core while simultaneously adapting to and shaping its environment. Third, we highlight the role of lower-echelon bureaucrats as change agents who devise rules at the intersection of technological and societal development.
Body dissatisfaction and romantic relationship quality: A meta-analysis
Authors: Stiles Dana L , Ma Lijing , Fitterman-Harris Hannah F , Naseralla Eyad J , Rudolph Cort W
Published: September 2022

Research has shown that there is an association between body dissatisfaction (a person’s negative evaluation of their own physical body) and romantic relationship satisfaction. Some have suggested that individuals with higher levels of body dissatisfaction report less satisfaction with their romantic relationships. However, others have suggested that there is a positive relationship between these two variables. This meta-analysis sought to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and relationship satisfaction. Possible moderators of this relationship were also examined. Fifty-six studies were meta-analyzed to quantitatively summarize the relationship between body dissatisfaction and relationship satisfaction. Additionally, participant body mass index (BMI), relationship length, gender, sexual orientation, and age were considered as potential moderators of this relationship. Results confirmed previous findings, indicating that body dissatisfaction was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction (rxy = −0.24). Furthermore, moderation analyses found that this negative relationship between body dissatisfaction and relationship satisfaction was attenuated as BMI increased. This relationship became stronger when the studies had higher female representation. Some sexual orientations also moderated the relationship. No moderating effects of age or relationship length were found.
The corrugation of railway rails: 1. Introduction and mitigation measures
Authors: Grassie Stuart L
Published: September 2022

This paper concerns a metro project where the client specified that the line should be built in such a way that rail corrugation did not occur after the line opened to passenger traffic. This paper describes the types of corrugation that were considered to be most likely to occur and presents the proposals that were made in order to minimize their occurrence. A companion paper presents the results of monitoring that was undertaken once the line was opened to traffic. This demonstrated that the measures proposed and adopted were indeed successful.
Psychological distress and anxiety in Arab refugees and migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Jumaa Jinan Abi , Bendau Antonia , Ströhle Andreas , Heinz Andreas , Betzler Felix , Petzold Moritz Bruno
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with various psychological stressors due to health-related, social, economic, and individual consequences, especially for minority groups such as refugees and other migrants who live in unstable conditions and have lost their social support groups. The aim of this study was to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on this specific population in Germany.This study used a mixed-method approach. A total of 85 migrants took part in an online survey in Germany from April to July 2020. The questionnaire included demographic information and measures of psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as risk and protective factors for psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews with 10 refugees were conducted between May and June 2020. In our sample, 54.5% expressed fear of being infected with COVID-19. Participants spent several hours per day thinking about COVID-19 ( M   =  3.13 hours). Psychological and social determinants of mental health showed stronger associations with anxiety regarding COVID-19 than experiences with the disease. Interviews showed that especially for refugees with limited information regarding access to medical treatment, the pandemic increased already-existing psychological symptoms and worries about their families back home and reminded them of their flight from their home country to Europe. The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with psychological distress, anxiety, and depression in refugees and migrants in Germany. Information on where to get medical treatment, if needed, is of utmost importance to this population group, in addition to other strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social contacts, and acceptance of strategies to cope with anxiety and negative emotions.
Refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy based fault diagnosis of diesel engine
Authors: Zhang Junhong , Zhu Xiaolong , Li Wanzhong , Song Yedong , Zhang Yiming , Lin Gengyi , Pei Guobin , Lin Jiewei
Published: September 2022

Due to complicated transfer paths and strong background noise interference, the fault pattern information deeply hides in common features of the vibration signal at the engine surface. In this study, the refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy (RCMFE) used to measure the irregularity and self-similarity of time series is proposed to quantify the feature of various fault patterns. Followed by RCMFE, the features dug out are recognized by a parameter-adaptive support vector machine based on the firefly algorithm (FASVM). After putting forward the diagnosing schematics, the RCMFE-FASVM is applied to a fault diagnosis case of a diesel engine on a test rig. A comparative analysis of the four methods to extract features and the four methods to recognize fault patterns are conducted. Results indicate the proposed method has superior recognition performance and can effectively identify the working states of the diesel engine, contrasting the existing methods. Under the small samples and features task of identifying the working states of a diesel engine, the recognition rate of the proposed method with more stability can reach 98.2%, which is larger than other methods. Given the superior performance of the proposed method, the number of input features and training samples should vary from 8 to 20 and from 35 to 50.
Clinical equipoise: Why still the gold standard for randomized clinical trials?
Authors: Asonganyi Folefac Charlemagne , Desmond Hugh
Published: September 2022

The principle of clinical equipoise has been variously characterized by ethicists and clinicians as fundamentally flawed, a myth, and even a moral balm. Yet, the principle continues to be treated as the de facto gold standard for conducting randomized control trials in an ethical manner. Why do we hold on to clinical equipoise, despite its shortcomings being widely known and well-advertised? This paper reviews the most important arguments criticizing clinical equipoise as well as what the most prominent proposed alternatives are. In the process, it evaluates the justification for continuing to use clinical equipoise as the gold standard for randomized control trials.
Encouraging “Positive Views” of Mental Illness in High Schools: An Evaluation of Bring Change 2 Mind Youth Engagement Clubs
Authors: Fein Eric H. , Agbangnin Geena , Murillo-León Jovita , Parsons Marni , Sakai-Bismark Rie , Martinez Adrienne , Gomez Paola F. , Chung Bowen , Chung Paul , Dudovitz Rebecca , Inkelas Moira , Kataoka Sheryl
Published: September 2022

“Bring Change 2 Mind” (BC2M) high school clubs may destigmatize mental illness among club members, but clubs’ (1) reach and impact on non-club members at the same school, (2) connection to student help-seeking attitudes, and (3) mechanisms by which they destigmatize mental illness, are unknown. This community-partnered evaluation involved pre/post surveys of predominantly Latino (72%) students at three urban public schools and focus groups and interviews with a sample of club members (n = 26/65, 40%) and all club staff (n = 7, 100%). Multivariate regressions tested relationships between variables. In 84% of the student body responded in the Fall (n = 1,040) and Spring (n = 1,031). Non-club member engagement in BC2M (reach) increased from 25% (Fall) to 44% (Spring) (p < .01). Engagement with BC2M clubs was associated with decreased stigma among members (p < .05) but not non-members (p = .19). Decreased stigma was associated with help-seeking attitudes (p < .01). Possible BC2M mechanisms identified by students and staff include the following: (1) fostering a positive campus climate, (2) normalizing mental health discussions, (3) increasing peer support and help-seeking, and (4) increasing awareness of positive coping behaviors. While BC2M clubs likely reduce stigma for members, effects did not reach non-members, challenging the potential of BC2M clubs as a schoolwide strategy to destigmatize mental health services. Future projects could investigate how to reach non-BC2M members, complement BC2M with other school climate interventions to increase impact, and measure BC2M impact alongside other outcomes relevant to schools, such as academic achievement.
Human rights abuses and criminal justice in policing practices in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Kamal
Published: September 2022

This article explores the reasons for human rights abuses in policing practices in Bangladesh. Following human rights practices in policing is challenging as Bangladesh’s law enforcement agencies are involved in various forms of human rights violations. This study used mixed-methods research approach to enlighten the understanding of human rights violations in Bangladesh. In-depth interviews of 40 participants and survey responses obtained from 350 valid samples were considered for analysis. Thematic content analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to identify the key factors influencing human rights violations in policing. The empirical findings indicated that human rights violations in policing are influenced by three key factors: corruption, a culture of impunity, and the militarization of policing. These factors are correlated, their relationship is dynamic, and their combination results in human rights abuse in policing practices in Bangladesh. Finally, the article suggests some policy measures including the de-militarization and de-politicization of law enforcement agencies, breaking the culture of impunity, and eradicating corruption. However, major political, social, legal, and institutional reforms and the development of the human rights movement are needed for implementing these measures.
Supplemental parenteral nutrition in cancer care: why, who, when
Authors: Cotogni Paolo , Bozzetti Federico , Goldwasser François , Jimenez-Fonseca Paula , Roelsgaard Obling Sine , Valle Juan W.
Published: September 2022

Malnutrition is an often-overlooked challenge for patients with cancer. It is associated with muscle mass reduction, poor compliance and response to cancer treatments, decreased quality of life, and reduced survival time. The nutritional assessment and intervention should be a vital part of any comprehensive cancer treatment plan. However, data on artificial nutrition supplied based on caloric needs during cancer care are scarce. In this review, we discuss the recommendations of the European and American societies for clinical nutrition on the use of nutritional interventions in malnourished patients with cancer in the context of current clinical practice. In particular, when enteral nutrition (oral or tube feeding) is not feasible or fails to meet the complete nutritional needs, supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) can bridge the gap. We report the available evidence on SPN in cancer patients and identify the perceived barriers to the wider application of this intervention. Finally, we suggest a ‘permissive’ role of SPN in cancer care but highlight the need for rigorous clinical studies to further evaluate the use of SPN in different populations of cancer patients.