bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and severe outcome predictors of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection among hospitalized patients: results from Egypt severe acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance, 2021–2022
Authors: Kandeel Amr , Fahim Manal , Deghedy Ola , Alim Walaa , Fattah Mohammad Abdel , Afifi Salma , Mohsen Amira , Abdelghaffar Khaled
Published: March 2023

Background

COVID-19 vaccines are effective against infections and outcomes; however, breakthrough infections (VBT) are increasingly reported, possibly due to waning of vaccine-induced immunity or emerging variants. Most studies have focused on determining VBT rate based on antibody levels. This study aims at describing clinical features, risks, time trends, and outcomes of COVID-19 VBT among hospitalized patients in Egypt.

Methods

Data of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed patients hospitalized in 16 hospitals was obtained from the severe acute respiratory infections surveillance database, September 2021-April 2022. Data includes patients’ demographics, clinical picture, and outcomes. Descriptive analysis was performed and patients with VBT were compared to not fully vaccinated (UPV). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Epi Info7 with a significance level < 0.05 to identify VBT risk factors.

Results

Overall, 1,297 patients enrolled, their mean age 56.7 ± 17.0 years, 41.5% were males, 64.7% received inactivated, 25.% viral vector, and 7.7% mRNA vaccine. VBT was identified in 156(12.0%) patients with an increasing trend over time. VBT significantly was higher in (16–35 years) age, males, in those who received inactivated vaccine compared to corresponding groups of UPV (14.1 vs. 9.0%, p < 0.05 and 57.1 vs. 39.4%, p < 0.001 and 64.7 vs. 45.1, p < 0.01 respectively). Whereas receiving mRNA vaccine was significantly protective against VBT (7.7 vs. 21.6%, p < 001). VBT patients tend to have shorter hospital stays and lower case fatality (mean hospital days = 6.6 ± 5.5 vs. 7.9 ± 5.9, p < 0.01 and CFR = 28.2 vs. 33.1, p < 0.01 respectively). MVA identified younger ages, male gender, and inactivated vaccines as risks for VBT.

Conclusion

The study indicated that COVID-19 vaccines significantly reduce hospital days and fatality. VBT trend is on the rise and males, young ages, and inactivated vaccine receivers are at higher risk. Caution regarding relaxation of personal preventive measures in areas with higher or increasing incidences of COVID-19, particularly for the at-risk group even if they are vaccinated. The vaccination strategy should be revised to reduce VBT rate and increase vaccine effectiveness.
Clinical characteristics and sequelae of intrapartum hypertension – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rajkumar Theepika , Hennessy Annemarie , Ali Yumna , Makris Angela
Published: March 2023

Background

In a significant proportion of pregnant women, elevated blood pressure may first present during the intrapartum period. This phenomenon, intrapartum hypertension, is often overlooked as blood pressure during delivery is attributed to labour pain, analgesic agents and haemodynamic changes. Thus the true prevalence and clinical significance of intrapartum hypertension remains unknown. This study sought to define the prevalence of intrapartum hypertension in previously normotensive women, identify associated clinical characteristics, and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective cohort study, all available partograms were reviewed over a 1-month period at an outer metropolitan hospital in Sydney (Campbelltown Hospital). Women with diagnosed hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during the incident pregnancy were excluded. A total of 229 deliveries were included in the final analysis. Intrapatum hypertension (IH) was defined as two or more systolic blood pressure (SBP)⩾140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)⩾90 mmHg during the intrapartum. Demographic data at the time of the first antenatal visit for the incident pregnancy as well as final maternal outcomes (intrapartum and post-partum) and fetal outcomes were collected. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSSv27 with adjustments for baseline variables.

Results

Amongst 229 deliveries, 32 women (14%) had intrapartum hypertension. Older maternal age (p = 0.02), higher body mass index (p < 0.01) and higher diastolic blood pressure at the first antenatal visit (p = 0.03) were associated with intrapartum hypertension. A longer second stage of labour (p = 0.03), intrapartum non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (p < 0.01) and epidural anaesthesia (p = 0.03) were associated with intrapartum hypertension, while IV syntocin for labour induction was not. Women with intrapartum hypertension had a longer inpatient admission following delivery (p < 0.01), and elevated postpartum BP (p = 0.02) with discharge on antihypertensive medications (p < 0.01). Intrapartum hypertension was not associated with poor fetal outcomes, though subgroup analyses showed that women who had at least a single elevated blood pressure reading during the intrapartum experienced poorer fetal outcomes.

Conclusion

In previously normotensive women, 14% developed intrapartum hypertension during delivery. This was associated with postpartum hypertension, longer maternal admission and discharge with antihypertensive medications. There was no difference in fetal outcomes.
Increasing demand for ophthalmic pathology: time trends in a laboratory with nationwide coverage
Authors: Stålhammar Gustav , Lardner Emma , Georgsson Marianne , Seregard Stefan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To report the time trends in basic patient characteristics and the number of specimens received at a national referral center for ophthalmic pathology.

Methods

Data on patient sex, age at surgical resection and geographical location of the referring unit were obtained for all specimens received at the St. Erik Ophthalmic Pathology laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 1st, 1959, and December 31st, 2021.

Results

A total of 33 057 specimens had been received, of which 14 560 (44%) came from men and 18 477 (56%) from women (for 20 patients, the sex was not specified). The average annual percent change (AAPC) in the number specimens received was + 10.5%, whereas the Swedish population increased with 0.5% per year. Patients became older throughout the period, with an average yearly increase of patient age at surgery of 0.3 years (AAPC 0.2%). Overall, women were three years older than men at surgery (59.4 versus 56.4 years, P < 0.0001) The number of specimens increased with patient age from the first to the 8th decade, after which it decreased to zero in the 11th decade. The largest portion of patients had undergone their surgery in one of the hospitals or clinics in the capital region, with four of the five largest sources corresponding to the most populous counties in the country.

Conclusions

During six decades, the growth in number of specimens sent to our national referral center for ophthalmic pathology has greatly outpaced the growth of the population, indicating an increasing demand for subspecialized services. Throughout the period, patients have become older, and a higher number of specimens have been submitted from female patients.
Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy for open-angle glaucoma with failed incisional glaucoma surgery: two-year results
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Zhang Weijia , Xin Chen , Sang Jinghong , Sun Yang , Wang Huaizhou
Published: March 2023

Background

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in treating patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) who had failed prior incisional glaucoma surgery.

Methods

A consecutive case series of OAG patients aged ≥ 18 who underwent GATT with previous failed glaucoma incision surgery was retrospectively analyzed. Main outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, surgical success rate, and occurrence of complications. Success was defined as an IOP of ≤ 21 mmHg and a reduction of IOP by 20% or more from baseline with (qualified success) or without (complete success) glaucoma medications. For eyes with preoperative IOP of < 21 mmHg on 3 or 4 glaucoma medications, postoperative IOP of ≤ 18 mmHg without any glaucoma medications was also defined as complete success.

Results

Forty-four eyes of 35 patients (21 with juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma and 14 with adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma) with a median age of 38 years were included in this study. The proportion of eyes with 1 prior incisional glaucoma surgery was 79.5%, and the others had 2 prior surgeries. IOP decreased from 27.4 ± 8.8 mm Hg on 3.6 ± 0.7 medications preoperatively to 15.3 ± 2.7 mm Hg on 0.5 ± 0.9 medications at the 24-month visit (P < 0.001). The mean IOP and the number of glaucoma medications at each follow-up visit were lower than the baseline (all P < 0.001). At 24 months postoperatively, 82.1% of the eyes had IOP ≤ 18 mmHg (versus 15.9% preoperatively, P < 0.001), 56.4% reached IOP ≤ 15 mmHg (versus 4.6% preoperatively, P < 0.001), and 15.4% achieved IOP ≤ 12 mmHg (compared to none preoperatively, P = 0.009). While 95.5% of eyes took 3 or more medications preoperatively, 66.7% did not take glaucoma medication 24 months after GATT. Thirty-four (77.3%) eyes achieved IOP reduction greater than 20% on fewer medications. The complete and qualified success rates were 60.9% and 84.1%, respectively. No vision-threatening complications occurred.

Conclusions

GATT was safe and effective in treating refractory OAG patients who failed prior incisional glaucoma surgery.
Exploring effectiveness of CBT in obese patients with binge eating disorder: personality functioning is associated with clinically significant change
Authors: van Riel Laura , van den Berg Elske , Polak Marike , Geerts Marjolein , Peen Jaap , Ingenhoven Theo , Dekker Jack
Published: March 2023

Background

Binge eating disorder (BED), as the most prevalent eating disorder, is strongly related to obesity and other somatic and psychiatric morbidity. Despite evidence-based treatments a considerable number of BED patients fail to recover. There is preliminary evidence for the association between psychodynamic personality functioning and personality traits on treatment outcome. However, research is limited and results are still contradictory. Identifying variables associated with treatment outcome could improve treatment programs. The aim of the study was to explore whether personality functioning or personality traits are associated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) outcome in obese female patients with BED or subthreshold BED.

Methods

Eating disorder symptoms and clinical variables were assessed in 168 obese female patients with DSM-5 BED or subthreshold BED, referred to a 6-month outpatient CBT program in a pre-post measurement design. Personality functioning was assessed by the Developmental Profile Inventory (DPI), personality traits by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Treatment outcome was assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) global score and self-reported binge eating frequency. According to the criteria of clinical significance, 140 treatment completers were categorized in four outcome groups (recovered, improved, unchanged, deteriorated).

Results

EDE-Q global scores, self-reported binge eating frequency and BMI significantly decreased during CBT, where 44.3% of patients showed clinically significant change in EDE-Q global score. Treatment outcome groups showed significant overall differences on the DPI Resistance and Dependence scales and the aggregated ‘neurotic’ scale. Significant overall differences were found between groups on TCI Harm avoidance, although post hoc t-tests were non-significant. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for mild to moderate depressive disorder and TCI harm avoidance showed that ‘neurotic’ personality functioning was a significant negative predictor of clinically significant change.

Conclusion

Maladaptive (‘neurotic’) personality functioning is significantly associated with a less favorable outcome after CBT in patients with binge eating. Moreover, ‘neurotic’ personality functioning is a predictor of clinically significant change. Assessment of personality functioning and personality traits could support indication for more specified or augmented care, tailored towards the patients’ individual strengths and vulnerabilities.

Trial registration

This study protocol was retrospectively evaluated and approved on 16-06-2022 by the Medical Ethical Review Committee (METC) of the Amsterdam Medical Centre (AMC). Reference number W22_219#22.271.
Communication inequalities and health disparities among vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic - a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Authors: Häfliger Clara , Diviani Nicola , Rubinelli Sara
Published: March 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health disparities in vulnerable groups (e.g., increased infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates in people with lower income, lower education, or ethnic minorities). Communication inequalities can act as mediating factors in this relationship. Understanding this link is vital to prevent communication inequalities and health disparities in public health crises. This study aims to map and summarize the current literature on communication inequalities linked with health disparities (CIHD) in vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify research gaps.

Methods

A scoping review of quantitative and qualitative evidence was conducted. The literature search followed the guidelines of PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and was performed on PubMed and PsycInfo. Findings were summarized using a conceptual framework based on the Structural Influence Model by Viswanath et al.

Results

The search yielded 92 studies, mainly assessing low education as a social determinant and knowledge as an indicator for communication inequalities. CIHD in vulnerable groups were identified in 45 studies. The association of low education with insufficient knowledge and inadequate preventive behavior was the most frequently observed. Other studies only found part of the link: communication inequalities (n = 25) or health disparities (n = 5). In 17 studies, neither inequalities nor disparities were found.

Conclusions

This review supports the findings of studies on past public health crises. Public health institutions should specifically target their communication to people with low education to reduce communication inequalities. More research about CIHD is needed on groups with migrant status, financial hardship, not speaking the language in the country of residence, sexual minorities, and living in deprived neighborhoods. Future research should also assess communication input factors to derive specific communication strategies for public health institutions to overcome CIHD in public health crises.
Thoracolumbar fascia injury in osteoporotic vertebral fracture: the important concomitant damage
Authors: Deng Zicheng , Feng Tao , Wu Xiexing , Xie Haifeng , Song Dawei , Wang Jinning , Yang Huilin , Niu Junjie
Published: March 2023

Background

Thoracolumbar fascia injury (FI) is rarely discussed in osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) patients in previous literature and it is usually neglected and treated as an unmeaning phenomenon. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the thoracolumbar fascia injury and further discuss its clinical significance in the treatment of kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) patients.

Methods

Based on the presence or absence of FI, 223 OVF patients were divided into two groups. The demographics of patients with and without FI were compared. The visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores were compared preoperatively and after PKP treatment between these groups.

Results

Thoracolumbar fascia injuries were observed in 27.8% of patients. Most FI showed a multi-level distribution pattern which involved a mean of 3.3 levels. Location of fractures, severity of fractures and severity of trauma were significantly different between patients with and without FI. In further comparison, severity of trauma was significantly different between patients with severe and non-severe FI. In patients with FI, VAS and ODI scores of 3 days and 1 month after PKP treatment were significantly worse compared to those without FI. It showed the same trend in VAS and ODI scores in patients with severe FI when compared to those patients with non-severe FI.

Conclusions

FI is not rare in OVF patients and presents multiple levels of involvement. The more serious trauma suffered, the more severe thoracolumbar fascia injury presented. The presence of FI which was related to residual acute back pain significantly affected the effectiveness of PKP in treating OVFs.

Trial registration

retrospectively registered.
Response to “The opinion of French pulmonologists and palliative care physicians on non-invasive ventilation during palliative sedation at end of life: a nationwide survey’’
Authors: Twycross Robert , Faull Christina , Wenzel David , Oliver David
Published: March 2023

We have several major concerns about this article [Guastella et al 2021]. Although it states that it is about palliative sedation, it is not. Rather, it is about the French Claeys Leonetti Law about Continuous Deep Sedation (CDS) at the end of life [Loi n°2016-87].
Predictors of optimal uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and outcome of pregnancy in selected health facilities: a cross-sectional study in Northern Ghana
Authors: Agyeman Yaa Nyarko , Bassoumah Bougangue , Owusu-Marfo Joseph
Published: March 2023

Background

Ghana adopted the 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) policy on intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and implemented it in 2014 in all regions of Ghana. Despite the implementation of this policy, there has been an unacceptably low percentage of eligible women receiving the optimal dose of IPTp in Ghana which leaves millions of pregnant women unprotected from malaria. The study, therefore, assessed the predictors of three or more doses (optimal dose) of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Northern Ghana.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1188 women in four selected health facilities in Northern Ghana from September 2016 to August 2017. Information on socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics reported SP use, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected which was double-checked from the maternal health book as well as the antenatal care register. Pearson chi-Square and ordered logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of reported optimal SP use.

Results

Out of the 1146 women, 42.4% received 3 or more doses of IPTp-SP as recommended by the national malaria control strategy. SP uptake was significantly associated with antenatal care (ANC) attendance (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36–0.66, P < 0.001), primary education (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.95, P = 0.022), four or more antenatal care visits (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.11–2.45, P = 0.014), ANC care visit in second trimester (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49–0.80, P < 0.001) and third trimester (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19–0.75, P = 0.006) and malaria infection during late gestation (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43–0.73, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The percentage of pregnant women who received three or more doses is below the target of the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). The push factors for the optimal use of SP are higher educational attainment, four or more ANC visits, and early initiation of ANC. The study also confirmed earlier findings that IPTp-SP uptake of three or more doses prevents malaria in pregnancy and improves birth weight. The uptake of IPTp-SP among expectant women will be informed and increased by encouraging formal general education beyond the primary level and encouraging early initiation of ANC visits.
Contraception use among individuals with substance use disorder increases tenfold with patient-centered, mobile services: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Hurley Emily A. , Goggin Kathy , Piña-Brugman Kimberly , Noel-MacDonnell Janelle R. , Allen Andrea , Finocchario-Kessler Sarah , Miller Melissa K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) have disproportionately high rates of unintended pregnancy. Reducing harm associated with this risk and its biopsychosocial consequences requires evidence-based, non-coercive interventions that ensure access to contraception for individuals who choose to prevent pregnancy. We examined feasibility and impact of SexHealth Mobile, a mobile unit-based intervention that aimed to increase access to patient-centered contraceptive care for individuals in SUD recovery programs.

Methods

We conducted a quasi-experimental study (enhanced usual care [EUC] followed by intervention) at three recovery centers with participants (n = 98) at risk for unintended pregnancy. EUC participants were offered printed information on community locations where they could access contraception care. SexHealth Mobile participants were offered same-day, onsite clinical consultation on a medical mobile unit and contraception if desired. The primary outcome was use of contraception (hormonal or intrauterine device) at one-month post-enrollment. Secondary outcomes were at two-weeks and three-months. Confidence in preventing unintended pregnancy, reasons for non-use of contraception at follow-up, and intervention feasibility were also assessed.

Results

Participants (median age = 31, range 19–40) enrolled in the intervention period were almost 10 times more likely to be using contraception at one-month (51.5%) versus the those enrolled in the EUC period (5.4%) (unadjusted relative risk [URR] = 9.3 [95%CI: 2.3–37.1]; adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 9.8 [95%CI: 2.4–39.2]). Intervention participants were also more likely to be using contraception at 2-weeks (38.7% vs. 2.6%; URR = 14.3 [95%CI: 2.0–104.1]) and three-months (40.9% vs. 13.9%; URR = 2.9 [95% CI: 1.1–7.4]). EUC participants reported more barriers (cost, time) and less confidence in preventing unintended pregnancies. Mixed-methods feasibility data indicated high acceptability and feasible integration into recovery settings.

Conclusions

Mobile contraceptive care based on principles of reproductive justice and harm reduction reduces access barriers, is feasible to implement in SUD recovery settings, and increases contraception use. Expanding interventions like SexHealth Mobile may help reduce harm from unintended pregnancies among individuals in SUD recovery.

Trial Registration NCT04227145.
Identifying behavioural barriers and facilitators to engaging men in a community-based lifestyle intervention to improve physical and mental health and well-being
Authors: Bell Oliver J. , Flynn Darren , Clifford Tom , West Daniel , Stevenson Emma , Avery Leah
Published: March 2023

Background

There are few community-based lifestyle interventions designed to target physical and mental health of men. We conducted a qualitative focus group study with men to explore their perceived barriers and facilitators to uptake and engagement with interventions designed to improve their physical and mental health and wellbeing.

Methods

A volunteer sampling approach (advertisements posted on a premier league football club’s social media) was used to recruit men aged 28 to 65 years who were interested in improving their physical and/or mental health and wellbeing. Focus group discussions were conducted at a local premier league football club to 1) explore men’s perceived barriers and facilitators to uptake of community-based interventions; 2) identify health issues considered important to address; 3) obtain participant views on how to best engage men in community-based interventions; and 4) use the findings to inform the development of a multibehavioural complex community-based intervention (called ‘The 12thMan’).

Results

Six focus group discussions were conducted (duration 27 to 57 min) involving 25 participants (median age 41 years, IQR = 21 years). Thematic analyses generated seven themes: ‘Lifestyle behaviours for both mental health and physical health’; ‘work pressures are barriers to engaging with lifestyle behaviour change’; previous injuries are barriers to engagement in physical activity and exercise’; personal and peer group relationships impact on lifestyle behaviour change’; relationships between body image and self-confidence on mastery of skills for physical activity and exercise’; building motivation and personalised goal setting’; and ‘credible individuals increase uptake and continued engagement with lifestyle behaviour change’.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that a multibehavioural community-based lifestyle intervention designed for men should promote parity of esteem between physical and mental health. It should also acknowledge individual needs and preferences, emotions in the context of goal setting and planning, and be delivered by a knowledgeable and credible professional. The findings will inform the development of a multibehavioural complex community-based intervention (‘The 12thMan’).
Interaction of the Zika virus with the cytoplasmic dynein-1
Authors: Zavala-Vargas Dan Israel , Visoso-Carbajal Giovani , Cedillo-Barrón Leticia , Filisola-Villaseñor Jessica Georgina , Rosales-Ramirez Romel , Ludert Juan E. , Morales-Ríos Edgar
Published: March 2023

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a major public health threat, making the study of its biology a matter of great importance. By analyzing the viral–host protein interactions, new drug targets may be proposed. In this work, we showed that human cytoplasmic dynein-1 (Dyn) interacts with the envelope protein (E) of ZIKV. Biochemical evidence indicates that the E protein and the dimerization domain of the heavy chain of Dyn binds directly without dynactin or any cargo adaptor. Analysis of this interactions in infected Vero cells by proximity ligation assay suggest that the E–Dyn interaction is dynamic and finely tuned along the replication cycle. Altogether, our results suggest new steps in the replication cycle of the ZIKV for virion transport and indicate a suitable molecular target to modulate infection by ZIKV.
Evaluation of quality of life in lung cancer patients receiving radiation and Viscum album L.: a real-world data study
Authors: Schad Friedemann , Steinmann Diana , Oei Shiao Li , Thronicke Anja , Grah Christian
Published: March 2023

Background

Lung cancer (LC) is associated with high mortality and poor quality of life (QoL). The disease as well as oncological treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy with adverse effects can impair the QoL of patients. Add-on treatment with extracts of Viscum album L. (white-berry European mistletoe, VA) has been shown to be feasible and safe and to improve the QoL of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in QoL of LC patients being treated with radiation according to oncological guidelines and add-on VA treatment in a real-world setting.

Methods

A real-world data study was conducted using registry data. Self-reported QoL was assessed by the evaluation of the European Organization of Research and Treatment Health-Related Quality of Life Core Questionnaire scale (EORTC QLQ-C30). Adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to analyze factors associated with changes in QoL at 12 months.

Results

A total of 112 primary LC patients (all stages, 92% non-small-cell lung cancer, median age 70 (ICR: 63–75)), answered the questionnaires at first diagnosis and 12 months later. Assessment of 12 months changes in QoL revealed significant improvement of 27 points for pain (p = 0.006) and 17 points for nausea/vomiting (p = 0.005) in patients who received combined radiation and VA. In addition, significant improvements of 15 to 21 points for role (p = 0.03), physical (p = 0.02), cognitive (p = 0.04), and social functioning (p = 0.04) were observed in guideline treated patients receiving no radiation but add-on VA.

Conclusions

Add-on VA therapy reveals supportive effects for the QoL of LC patients. Particularly in combination with radiation a significant reduction in pain and nausea/ vomiting has been observed.

Trial registration The study received ethics approval and was retrospectively registered (DRKS00013335 on 27/11/2017).
Association between serum S100A11 levels and glucose metabolism in diabetic process
Authors: Wu Yao , Wu Shaobo , Li Fang , Zeng Ting , Luo Xiaohe
Published: March 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent non-communicable metabolic disease, and S100A11 is a newly identified gene closely related to metabolism. The association of S100A11 with diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between S100A11 and markers of glucose metabolism in patients with different glucose tolerance and gender.

Methods

This study included 97 participants. Baseline data were obtained, and the serum levels of S100A11 and metabolic markers (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], insulin release test, and oral glucose tolerance test) were measured. Linear and nonlinear correlations between serum S100A11 levels and HOMA-IR, HOMA of β, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), corrected insulin response (CIR), and oral disposition index (DIo) were analyzed. The expression of S100A11 was also detected in mice.

Results

Serum S100A11 levels increased in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) of both genders. S100A11 mRNA and protein expression increased in obese mice. There were nonlinear correlations between S10011 levels and CIR, FPI, HOMA-IR, whole-body ISI in the IGT group. S100A11 was nonlinearly correlated with HOMA-IR, hepatic ISI, FPG, FPI, and HbA1c in the DM group. In the male group, S100A11 was linearly correlated with HOMA-IR and nonlinearly correlated with DIo (derived from hepatic ISI) and HbA1c. In the female population, S100A11 was nonlinearly correlated with CIR.

Conclusions

Serum S100A11 levels were highly expressed in patients with IGT and in the liver of obese mice. In addition, there were linear and nonlinear correlations between S100A11 and markers of glucose metabolism, demonstrating that S100A11 has a role in diabetes.

Trial registration ChiCTR1900026990
Influence of muscle volume on jumping performance in healthy male and female youth and young adults
Authors: Bchini Souhail , Hammami Nadhir , Selmi Taoufik , Zalleg Dalenda , Bouassida Anissa
Published: March 2023

Background

Sex differences that appear throughout puberty have a substantial impact on the training process. It remains unclear what effect these sex differences should have on how training programs are planned and performed and what objectives should be established for boys and girls of different ages. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vertical jump performance and muscle volume based on age and sex.

Methods

One hundred eighty healthy males (n = 90) and females (n = 90) performed three different types of vertical jumps (VJ): squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), and counter movement jump with arms (CMJ with arms). We used the anthropometric method to measure muscle volume.

Results

Muscle volume differed across age groups. There were significant effects of age, sex, and their interaction on the SJ, CMJ, and CMJ with arms heights. From the age of 14–15, males exhibited better performances than females, and large effect sizes became apparent in the SJ (d = 1.09, P = 0.04), CMJ (d = 2.18; P = 0.001) and CMJ with arms (d = 1.94; P = 0.004). For the 20–22-year-old age group, there was a significant difference in VJ performance between males and females. Extremely large effect sizes became apparent in the SJ (d = 4.44; P = 0.001), CMJ (d = 4.12; P = 0.001) and CMJ with arms (d = 5.16; P = 0.001). When performances were normalized to the lower limb length, these differences persisted. After normalization to muscle volume, males exhibited better performance when compared to females. This difference persisted only for the 20–22-year-old group on the SJ (p = 0.005), CMJ (p = 0.022) and CMJ with arms (p = 0.016). Among male participants, muscle volume was significantly correlated with SJ (r = 0.70; p < 0.01), CMJ (r = 0.70; p < 0.01) and CMJ with arms (r = 0.55; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The results indicate that muscle volume may be one of the major determining factors in sex differences in vertical jumping performance.
Rectal shedding of monkeypox virus in a patient coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a case report
Authors: Desgranges Florian , Glampedakis Emmanouil , Christinet Vanessa , Encarnação Sara , Fernandes Cândida , Greub Gilbert , Opota Onya , Cavassini Matthias
Published: March 2023

Background

Infection by the monkeypox virus classically causes a cutaneous rash that is preceded by fever and lymph node swelling, as well as other nonspecific systemic symptoms. A recent outbreak occurred and spread in Europe and other regions, especially among patients who declare themselves as men who have sex with men. Current reports have shown that cutaneous lesions may be limited to the anogenital area. We report on a case of proctitis caused by monkeypox virus, without visible typical lesions of this virus.

Case presentation

A 29-year-old Caucasian male presented with a monkeypox virus proctitis that recurred after treatment for a documented Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis coinfection, likely acquired at the same time. The proctitis was preceded by fever and a swollen inguinal lymph node, and was associated with a hemorrhoid. The monkeypox virus polymerase chain reaction of a rectal swab documented high viral loads, although no typical lesion was visible. After resolution of the rectitis, the patient developed a single dermatome herpes zoster, despite the absence of usual risk factors. The patient evolved well without further specific treatment.

Conclusion

This case shows that monkeypox virus can be responsible for proctitis, without any typical lesion, along with the important rectal shedding of the virus. It raises the concern of contagion during anal intercourse through body fluids and gives further credit that monkeypox virus can be a sexually transmitted infection. This should prompt routine rectal screening in patients with proctitis accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes, and in patients who have a history of unprotected receptive anal sex, even in presence of other sexually transmitted infections, and especially during a monkeypox virus outbreak. The potential link between monkeypox virus infection and shingles warrants further investigations.
Research on alleviating nonlinear problem by data feature extraction and fusion based on DFT-spread
Authors: Li Yupeng , Li Lei , Zhang Yichao , Zhang Mingzhu , Wu Du , Li Qianqian , Wang Xiaocheng , Ding Xiaoming
Published: March 2023

Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system is susceptible to nonlinear effects because of its intrinsic high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). In this paper, two methods based on discrete Fourier transform spread (DFT-S) are introduced to improve the nonlinear tolerance of CO-OFDM system by extracting and fusing data features, which extract the features of communication data and perform feature fusion to get the important significance of the data. The first one is based on the 2-ary amplitude shift keying (2-ASK) modulation and the Hermitian symmetry of DFT, and the other one is based on the advantages of selective mapping algorithm and characteristics of data subcarrier mapping mode which has a significant impact on PAPR. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional CO-OFDM and DFT-S CO-OFDM systems, the improved methods have better performance in terms of PAPR and BER.
Evaluation of visual food stimuli paradigms on healthy adolescents for future use in fMRI studies in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dąbkowska-Mika Agnieszka , Steiger Ruth , Gander Manuela , Haid-Stecher Nina , Fuchs Martin , Sevecke Kathrin , Gizewski Elke Ruth
Published: March 2023

Background

Mostly, visual food stimuli paradigms for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging are used in studies of eating disorders. However, the optimal contrasts and presentation modes are still under discussion. Therefore, we aimed to create and analyse a visual stimulation paradigm with defined contrast.

Methods

In this prospective study, a block-design fMRI paradigm with conditions of randomly altering blocks of high- and low-calorie food images and images of fixation cross was established. Food pictures were rated in advance by a group of patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa to address the dedicated perception of patients with eating disorders. To optimize the scanning procedure and fMRI contrasts we have analysed neural activity differences between high-calorie stimuli versus baseline (H vs. X), low-calorie stimuli versus baseline (L vs. X) and high- versus low-calorie stimuli (H vs. L).

Results

By employing the developed paradigm, we were able to obtain results comparable to other studies and analysed them with different contrasts. Implementation of the contrast H versus X led to increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (BOLD) mainly in unspecific areas, such as the visual cortex, the Broca´s area, bilaterally in the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area, but also in thalami, insulae, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the left amygdala, the left putamen (p < .05). When applying the contrast L versus X, an enhancement of the BOLD signal was detected similarly within the visual area, the right temporal pole, the right precentral gyrus, Broca´s area, left insula, left hippocampus, the left parahippocampal gyrus, bilaterally premotor cortex and thalami (p < .05). Comparison of brain reactions regarding visual stimuli (high- versus low-calorie food), assumed to be more relevant in eating disorders, resulted in bilateral enhancement of the BOLD signal in primary, secondary and associative visual cortex (including fusiform gyri), as well as angular gyri (p < .05).

Conclusions

A carefully designed paradigm, based on the subject’s characteristics, can increase the reliability of the fMRI study, and may reveal specific brain activations elicited by this custom-built stimuli. However, a putative disadvantage of implementing the contrast of high- versus low-calorie stimuli might be the omission of some interesting outcomes due to lower statistical power.

Trial registration NCT02980120.
Cultural policies and urban transitions green politics, democracy in the time of the pandemic
Authors: Négrier Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Urban and Cultural transition refers to several levels, with the environmental one occupying the minds. This transition raises the question of a new politicization of culture, of which cities are the theater. We will illustrate this point in the first part. In the second part, we will discuss this first point by posing the hypothesis that the politicization of culture is not a cyclical but a structural phenomenon, and that it includes certain peculiarities that must be taken into account at the time of urban transition. On the other hand, there is a transition resulting from the pandemic situation that the world has endured for the past 2 years. It is no less crucial for cultural policies, and has already obvious implications for the relationship that polity has with cultural policies. This is the third point we will address.
Applications and prospects of cryo-EM in drug discovery
Authors: Zhu Kong-Fu , Yuan Chuang , Du Yong-Ming , Sun Kai-Lei , Zhang Xiao-Kang , Vogel Horst , Jia Xu-Dong , Gao Yuan-Zhu , Zhang Qin-Fen , Wang Da-Ping , Zhang Hua-Wei
Published: March 2023

Drug discovery is a crucial part of human healthcare and has dramatically benefited human lifespan and life quality in recent centuries, however, it is usually time- and effort-consuming. Structural biology has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to accelerate drug development. Among different techniques, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is emerging as the mainstream of structure determination of biomacromolecules in the past decade and has received increasing attention from the pharmaceutical industry. Although cryo-EM still has limitations in resolution, speed and throughput, a growing number of innovative drugs are being developed with the help of cryo-EM. Here, we aim to provide an overview of how cryo-EM techniques are applied to facilitate drug discovery. The development and typical workflow of cryo-EM technique will be briefly introduced, followed by its specific applications in structure-based drug design, fragment-based drug discovery, proteolysis targeting chimeras, antibody drug development and drug repurposing. Besides cryo-EM, drug discovery innovation usually involves other state-of-the-art techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI), which is increasingly active in diverse areas. The combination of cryo-EM and AI provides an opportunity to minimize limitations of cryo-EM such as automation, throughput and interpretation of medium-resolution maps, and tends to be the new direction of future development of cryo-EM. The rapid development of cryo-EM will make it as an indispensable part of modern drug discovery.
The relationship of the prevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome in primary Sjögren syndrome with insomnia status, anxiety, depression, and neuropathic pain
Authors: Aksoy Meliha Kasapoğlu , Ayar Koray , Yeşil Büşra , Hattatoğlu Tülay Dilara
Published: March 2023

Background and aims

In this study, we aimed to compare the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) between primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS) patients and the healthy population and investigate the relationships between RLS and insomnia status, anxiety, depression, neuropathic pain, and lower extremity pain. Our case-control study, included 55 patients aged 18–65 who were diagnosed with PSS based on the 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria and 60 healthy controls aged 18–65. The pain levels of the participants were evaluated using the pain DETECT Questionnaire, the lower-extremity visual analog scale, and an algometer, all participants were screened for fibromyalgia syndrome, and their psychiatric parameters were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Insomnia status was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index. The cases in the PSS group with and without restless legs syndrome were compared.

Results

While the rate of RLS in the PSS group was 26.7%, that in the control group was found as 9%, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p < 0.05). The severity of RLS in the PSS group was found to be significantly higher in comparison to that in the control group (p < 0.05). The PSS group had significantly higher lower-extremity pain, fibromyalgia, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and pain scores, as well as a significantly higher mean number of painful points, than the control group (p > 0.05). In the results of the multivariate regression analysis, depression and insomnia scores were identified as independent predictors for the presence of RLS in PSS cases (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

We found the prevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome higher in the primary Sjögren syndrome patients compared to the healthy participants in the control group. We identified depression and insomnia as independent predictors of the presence of restless legs syndrome in primary Sjögren syndrome cases.
Integrative Scoring System for Survival Prediction in Patients With Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhang Bin , Luo Chun , Zhang Xiao , Hou Jing , Liu Shuyi , Gao Mingyong , Zhang Lu , Jin Zhe , Chen Qiuying , Yu Xiaoping , Zhang Shuixing
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE

Tumor stage is crucial for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic decisions in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but is imprecise. We aimed to propose a new prognostic system by integrating quantitative imaging features and clinical factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This retrospective study included 1,319 patients with stage III-IVa NPC between April 1, 2010, and July 31, 2019, who underwent pretherapy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy. The hand-crafted and deep-learned features were extracted from MRI for each patient. After feature selection, the clinical score, radiomic score, deep score, and integrative scores were constructed via Cox regression analysis. The scores were validated in two external cohorts. The predictive accuracy and discrimination were measured by the area under the curve (AUC) and risk group stratification. The end points were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS).

RESULTS

Both radiomics and deep learning were complementary to clinical variables (age, T stage, and N stage; all P < .05). The clinical-deep score was superior or equivalent to clinical-radiomic score, whereas it was noninferior to clinical-radiomic-deep score (all P > .05). These findings were also verified in the evaluation of OS and DMFS. The clinical-deep score yielded an AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.697 to 0.729) and 0.712 (95% CI, 0.693 to 0.731) in the two external validation cohorts for predicting PFS with good calibration. This scoring system could stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct survivals (all P < .05).

CONCLUSION

We established and validated a prognostic system integrating clinical data and deep learning to provide an individual prediction of survival for patients with locally advanced NPC, which might inform clinicians in treatment decision making.
Glucocorticoids Accelerate Erythropoiesis in Healthy Humans—Should the Use in Sports Be Reevaluated?
Authors: NORDSBORG NIKOLAI BAASTRUP , BONNE THOMAS CHRISTIAN , BREENFELDT ANDERSEN ANDREAS , SØRENSEN HENRIK , BEJDER JACOB
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits glucocorticoid administration in competition but not in periods out of competition. Glucocorticoid usage is controversial as it may improve performance, albeit debated. A hitherto undescribed but performance-relevant effect of glucocorticoids in healthy humans is accelerated erythropoiesis. We investigated whether a glucocorticoid injection accelerates erythropoiesis, increases total hemoglobin mass, and improves exercise performance.

Methods

In a counterbalanced, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design (3 months washout), 10 well-trained males (peak oxygen uptake, 60 ± 3 mL O2·min−1·kg−1) were injected with 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide (glucocorticoid group) or saline (placebo group) in the gluteal muscles. Venous blood samples collected before and 7–10 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment were analyzed for hemoglobin concentration and reticulocyte percentage. Hemoglobin mass and mean power output in a 450-kcal time trial were measured before as well as 1 and 3 wk after treatment.

Results

A higher reticulocyte percentage was evident 3 d (19% ± 30%, P < 0.05) and 7 d (48% ± 38%, P < 0.001) after glucocorticoid administration, compared with placebo, whereas hemoglobin concentration was similar between groups. Additionally, hemoglobin mass was higher (P < 0.05) 7 d (glucocorticoid, 886 ± 104 g; placebo, 872 ± 103 g) and 21 d (glucocorticoid, 879 ± 111 g; placebo, 866 ± 103 g) after glucocorticoid administration compared with placebo. Mean power output was similar between groups 7 d (glucocorticoid, 278 ± 64 W; placebo, 275 ± 62 W) and 21 d (glucocorticoid, 274 ± 62 W; placebo, 275 ± 60 W) after treatment.

Conclusions

Intramuscular injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide accelerates erythropoiesis and increases hemoglobin mass but does not improve aerobic exercise performance in the present study. The results are important for sport physicians administering glucocorticoids and prompt a reconsideration of glucocorticoid usage in sport.