bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Area and Power Potent VLSI Architecture for Modified CSLA with A Logic Optimization Technique
Authors:   E.C.E Department, Ph.D Scholar,JNTU ,Kakinada ,AndhraPradesh,India, Kandula* Bala Sindhuri , Vasavi K.Padma ,   Professor,E.C.E Department , SVECW , Bhimavaram Andhra Pradesh, India., Prabha I. Santi ,   Professor , E.C.E Department, University College of Engineering, JNTU ,Kakinada
Published: October 2019

Through generations, in an endeavor to pioneer innovative circuit designs, an adder is having the greatest importance as it is a basic building block to decide the system’s overall performance. Wide varieties of adders are used for a plethora of applications in the field of Signal Processing and VLSI systems. Most predominantly used Speed efficient architecture for performing n-bit addition in VLSI applications is Square Root Carry Select Adder (SQRT-CSLA) as it pre-computes the carry and sum by assuming input carry as ‘zero’ and ‘one’. But the overall area usage is high as it uses more number of full adders when compared to Ripple Carry Adder. Though, the existing adder designing techniques are area efficient, there is still scope to achieve area efficiency as area decides the cost of the VLSI Systems. Not only area-efficient but also power potent architectures are required to accelerate the overall performance of the VLSI systems. To meet these objectives, this paper proposes an efficient VLSI architecture for carry select adder by using logic optimization technique addressing performance constraints. The proposed architecture is designed and implemented using cadence encounter tool for different data widths ranging from 16 bits to 128 bits. The performance of the proposed 128-bit architecture achieves an area improvement of 63.43% and a power improvement of 71.00923% when compared to 128-bit SQRT-CSLA architecture
Continuity in Evolution from Codons to Amino Acids
Authors:   Directorate of Open and Distance Learning, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India., Gohain* Nisha
Published: October 2019

Continuity plays a crucial role in any discussion on evolution. The genotype-phenotype map focus crucial role in evolutionary biology. A nearness relation in the phenotype space allows distinguishing continuous evolution from discontinuous one. In this paper we have investigated continuity in evolution of amino acids. Uniform structures in the space of amino acids as well as in the set of codons are introduced. Here any codon is a genotype and the corresponding amino acid is the phenotype. We examined the continuity of the genotype-phenotype map with respect different uniform structures of codons.
Ann Modeling For Predicting Car Travel Time using Bus As Probe.
Authors:   Construction and Building Eng. Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science & Technology & Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt.., Kotb* Akram S.
Published: October 2019

The critical issue of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications is obtaining the near real time information of travel times. This paper proposes a dependable model for predicting car travel time on urban roads in Greater Cairo using buses as probes. The GPS receivers, which are installed on test vehicles and buses, used to collect real travel time data along the urban roads. The travel times of bus and car are compared in order to recognize similarities and differences between the trip profiles of test vehicles and buses. According to the comparison results, the model is developed and validated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for estimating car travel time using buses’ travel time with acceptable level of accuracy equals 10.53%.
Significance of Wind-Pressure Relation during Bay of Bengal Cyclones
Authors:   Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University,Trichy, India., Nellayaputhenpeedika Mohammedali , Radhakrishnan* V ,   Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University,Trichy, India..
Published: October 2019

Cyclone is a natural disaster that blows Over Bay of Bengal (BoB) and makes masses of devastation. Assessment of its characteristics and prediction of its mobility are extremely difficult tasks. Wind and pressure are the most significant factors that decide cyclone genesis, propagation and intensity. Physical understanding of the relation between two significant parameters during cyclone is very complicated and is elusive through modelling and prediction. Data sourced from International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) were analyzed to know wind and pressure relation and cyclone tracking. Cyclone spatial wind pattern is determined using the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). Analysis shows that wind and pressure are related inversely and is complex in nature. Spatial analysis using MERRA-2 demonstrates asymmetric wind pattern. IBTrACS data (from 2005 to 2016) show the majority of the cyclone intensity is concentrated on north-eastern side of BoB which fact could be attributed to high subsurface heat storage. Inter comparison of different cyclones during the period 2005-2016 was also made and found in support of the wind pressure relation.
Implementing Various Noise Reduction Filters On Infected Coconut Images
Authors:   Vellore Institute of Technology , Chennai Campus, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India., Dhanasekar* S. , Senthilraja A. ,   Vellore Institute of Technology , Chennai Campus, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: October 2019

In recent times, more people are returning to farming. The inexperienced farmers facing problems in getting high crop yield. One of the challenges is to control crop diseases and pests. The farmers are not aware of the Climate change-induced agricultural diseases and pests. The image processing techniques have an important part in recognizing the diseases and pests infestations in the agricultural crop. The image must be free of noise for effective diagnosis. This paper analyses the performance of various noises and different de-noising techniques on an infected coconut image. In this paper, a suitable de-noising technique to remove various kinds of noise in an image. The performance of the filters is compared for different types of noises and the quality is measured based on PSNR and MSE.
Graph Theory in the Analysis of Arithmophobia
Authors:   Associate Professor,PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Quaid-E-Millath Govt College for Women, Chennai Tamilnadu, India., Maheswari* A. Uma , Purnalakshimi A.S. ,   PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Quaid-E-Millath Govt College for Women, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, Graph theoretical concepts are applied to analyze the reasons behind Arithmophobia commonly found among the students.Bull graph is used to epitomize Mild Arithmophobia which occurs when the preparation of students to face any test is deficient.Flower graph is used to represent Intense Arithmophobia. Wheel graph is used to depict the factors which desensitize Arithmophobia. Inferring information from these types of graphs is much more easier than inferring from a self map. This analysis will help in treating Arithmophobia and improve the student’s performance in Mathematics progressively. The benefits of using interactive graphical interface, graphs and graph theory metrics for a client centered analysis is also discussed.
Self-Monitoring Framework For Patients In Iot-Based Healthcare System
Authors:   Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia., Ramalingam* Mritha , Puviarasi R. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India., Chinnavan Elanchezhian ,   Faculty of Allied Health Professions, AIMST University, Malaysia., Foong How Kok ,   Bachelor of Computer Science, University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia.
Published: October 2019

With the recent developments in Internet of Things (IoT) and the increase of smartphone users, patient’s health can be monitored without visiting the hospital for medical services. Nowadays, the cost of healthcare is high and insufficient of workforce in the hospital caused the patient unwilling to visit the hospital. The proposed work is to design a monitoring system using sensor and microcontroller to be used by the patients at their place (eg. home). This paper discusses the designing process of the framework. This system will allow the patient to measure their pulse rate and body temperature by using sensors and data collected from the sensor are integrated by using a microcontroller. These acquired patients data could be viewed in mobile application. In addition, the system will provide features such as consultation or chat facility and medical reminder to further improve the feasibility of patients’ health care system.
The Impact of Blended Learning Environment on Academic Achievement of Engineering Students
Authors:   PhD Research Scholar, Department of Education (DDE), Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India, Selvakumar* S. , Sivakumar Prof.P. ,   Professor & Head, Department of Education (DDE), Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: October 2019

Blended learning is one of the e-learning models integrating an online course and face-to-face classroom by optimizing the use of ICT as instructional media to enhance the teaching and learning experience for the teachers and students. The main aim of this research study explores the impact of the Blended Learning Environment on students’ academic achievement. Quasi-experimental design research methodology was used in this study. The sample was drawn from Government Diploma Polytechnic college in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. The tools utilized for data collection were Blended Learning Environment and Academic achievement test. For six weeks, the students in the control group were treated with Lecture Based Environment (LBE) where the conventional lecture method of teaching was adopted, while the experimental group were carried out through the Blended Learning Environment (BLE) where both on-line and face to face modes are adequately utilized based on the subject matter. Two groups were administered a test before and after the implementation of BLE. To analyze the data, t-test was conducted to compare the test mean scores of both groups. Further, the gap closure analysis was used to find out and ensure the effectiveness of the experimental treatment. The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the scores of the two groups. The study concluded that blended learning improves students’ academic achievement. This study also testifies that BLE is more conducive to improve academic achievement than LBE.
البنيوية اللغوية عند فرديناند دي سوسير
Authors: عبد الرحمن يزة عبد الرحمن
Published: October 2019

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على البنيوية اللغوية عند فرديناند دي سوسير، فقد مثلت اللسانيات محوراً أساسيًا بالنسبة للبنيوية، واللسانيات هي العلم الذي يدرس اللغة الإنسانية دراسة علمية وصفية بعيدة عن الأحكام المعيارية، والموضوع الجوهري للسانيات يتمثل في دراسة بنية اللغة على أساس أنها بنية قائمة بذاتها ولذاتها فهي أداة لكل ما هو دال، وهذه الأداة هي التي تحقق عملية التواصل عبر نظام من الرموز، ويعد فرديناند دي سوسير (1857-1913) أول من دعا إلى الدراسة الوصفية للغة بدلاً من دراستها دراسة تاريخية على اعتبار أنها ظاهرة اجتماعية فقد سعى إلى وضع الأسس المنهجية للتحليل اللغوي إضافة إلى وصف اللغات الإنسانية للوصول إلى الكليات المشتركة فيما بينها، فضلاً عن العوامل المؤثرة في اللغة كالعوامل النفسية والجغرافية والاجتماعية. ومن ثم قدمت الورقة البحثية رؤية عن التطورات الجديدة التي أدخلها فرديناند دي سوسير على علم اللغة بدءًا من تفريقه بين اللغة والكلام، مروراً بثنائية الدال والمدلول وتأكيده على اعتباطية العلامة، ووصولاً إلى دراسته للغة دراسة وصفية آنية وأخرى تاريخية تعاقبية.
Community-Based Asian American and Pacific Islander Organizations and Immigrant Integration
Authors: de Leon Erwin
Published: October 2019

An Urban Institute study examined immigrant integration through the lens of community-based organizations. Based on interviews with nonprofit leaders and an analysis of financial data, the study found that immigrant-serving nonprofits provide a wide range of programs and services that promote the social and political mobility of newcomers. Findings also suggest that Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) organizations in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area are smaller than other immigrant-serving nonprofits. AAPI groups also lack access to political networks that are crucial to securing policy and funding support. Moreover, different political and administrative structures affect the ability of these nonprofit organizations to serve their constituents.
Cultivating a Cultural Home Space: The Case of Little Tokyo’s Budokan of Los Angeles Project
Authors: Nakaoka Susan
Published: October 2019

Little Tokyo is a unique case exemplifying the evolving nature of community economic development in Los Angeles. In-depth interviews with key community leaders identify the need for the importance of a place-specific, contextually relevant development approach in order to maintain an ethnic presence in the neighborhood. Faced with new threats of gentrification, the complications of a global economy, and a new phase of transit-oriented development, community members are banking on a multi-sports complex in Little Tokyo to rejuvenate a sense of cultural home space for the now geographically dispersed Japanese Americans.
Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Data and Policy Needs in Civil Rights
Authors: Lee Taeku , Wong Janelle
Published: October 2019

In this section, researchers examine the policy priorities and data needs regarding civil rights issues affecting Asian Americans (and, where relevant and possible, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders [NHPIs]). To the uninitiated, the policy relevance of civil rights issues confronting AANHPI members may seem unusual, exotic, or misplaced. Each of the following articles underscores the fact that, for AANHPI communities, the contemporary challenges resulting from discrimination and exclusion remain serious, varied, and evolving. A key theme across all of the pieces featured here is that in order for AANHPIs to achieve full inclusion and fair treatment in the United States, their voices and experiences must be lifted up in the public sphere. Too often, invisibility (or visibility only through a selective and distorted lens) is the hallmark of AANHPI policy issues.
The Importance of Critically Disaggregating Data: The Case of Southeast Asian American College Students
Authors: Maramba Dina
Published: October 2019

The following policy brief calls for the improvement in data collection of Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) and, more specifically, Southeast Asian Americans (SEAAs) in order to facilitate college access and success. First, context and the concern for the lack of data are provided. Second, an explanation of the challenges with the existing data and importance of disaggregating data with regard to ethnicity and other important factors such as language and generational status are discussed. Also emphasized is the importance of incorporating the use of qualitative data in the policy decision-making process. Third, suggestions and recommendations that will benefit research and eventually positively influence policy decisions regarding SEAAs in education are discussed.
Lots of Aloha, Little Data: Data and Research on Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Kana'iaupuni Shawn Malia
Published: October 2019

Knowledge is power in social change efforts, and data and diverse approaches are needed to fuel it. Recommendations from this section's experts in the field are united in calling for using Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidelines consistently; disaggregating data collection and reporting on socioeconomic, educational, cultural, youth, and health challenges facing Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs); improving data estimates by addressing small sample sizes with oversampling methods and targeted surveys; and collaborating with public and private community-based organizations to promote high response rates and/or data partnerships. A great need exists for trend analyses over time on NHPIs. These analyses will shed insight on the effects of programs and policies, including longitudinal studies, such as the ECLS and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Consistently, research by these authors highlights the power of culturally relevant approaches and the importance of developing innovative approaches to data, knowledge, and research that embrace indigenous perspectives in program and policy design, particularly in education, health, and science.
Efficacy of Federal Data: Revised Office of Management and Budget Standard for Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders Examined
Authors: Panapasa Sela , Crabbe Kamana'opono , Kaholokula Joseph
Published: October 2019

This policy brief examines the status of federal data since the implementation of the 1997 Revised OMB 15 standards for the collection of race and ethnic data, identifies ongoing data limitations, and present recommendations to improve policy and interventions for Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHPI). While most federal agencies are taking appropriate steps to comply with the revised OMB standards, many are having less success reporting disaggregated information on NHPIs. This suggests that increased efforts to obtain robust samples of NHPIs warrants immediate attention in order for federal agencies to fully comply with the revised OMB standards.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN AKSEPTOR DROP OUT TENTANG ALAT KONTRASEPSI DI DESA SUBOH KECAMATAN SUBOH KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Zaenuddin Wachid , Hairul Fajar
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Keluarga Berencana merupakan salah satu pelayanan kesehatan preventif yang paling dasardan utama bagi wanita, akseptor KB dapat mengambil keputusan untuk mengunakan alat kontrasepsi yang tepat dan sesuai akan tetapi dari beberapa WUS mengatakan takut atau cemas adanya efek samping dari alat kontrasepsi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan akseptor drop out tentang alat kontrasepsi di Desa Suboh Kecamatan Suboh Situbondo. Methods. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif dengan populasi akseptor drop out di Desa Suboh Kecamatan Suboh Situbondo sebanyak 91 responden. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 81 responden dengan menggunakan total sampling Intrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan kuisioner, kemudian diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan tabulasi dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Results. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan kurang dari setengah akseptor drop out tentang alat kontrasepsi di Desa Suboh Kecamatan Suboh Situbondo adalah kurang yaitu sebanyak 45 orang atau 49% responden,cukup sebanyak 39 orang atau 43% responden dan baik sebanyak 7 orang atau 8% responden. Discussion. Hal ini didukung oleh beberapa faktor yang bervariasi seperti umur, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan. Penyuluhan yang berkelanjutan dan pendekatan secara individual adalah upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang alat kontrasepsi.Â
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONSUMSI JAMU SAAT HAMIL DENGAN KEJADIAN ASFIKSIA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI RUANG MELATI RSUD JOMBANG
Authors: Anggraeni Widya , Sari Kurnia Indriyanti Purnama , Wardani Riska Aprilia
Published: October 2019

Jamu adalah obat jadi atau ramuan bahan alam yang berasal dari tumbuhan, hewan, mineral, sediaan galenik atau campuran bahan tersebut yang secara tradisional. Sementara ini banyak orang beranggapan bahwa penggunaan tanaman obat atau obat tradisional relatif lebih aman dibandingkan obat sintesis. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan di Ruang Melati RSUD Jombangsecara wawancara pada 10 ibu bersalin didapatkan 8 (80%) ibu pernah mengkonsumsi jamu selama hamil dan 4 (40%) bayi yang dilahirkan mengalami asfiksia berat, 3 (30%) bayi baru lahir dengan asfiksia sedang dan 1 (10%) bayi tidak mengalami asfiksia. Sedangkan 2 (20%) ibu yang tidak pernah mengkonsumsi jamu selama hamil, bayi yang dilahirkan tidak mengalami asfiksia. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi jamu saat hamil dengan pada ibu post partum di Ruang Melati RSUD Jombang.Desain penelitian anlitik cross sectional. Populasinya adalah semua ibu nifas di Ruang Melati RSUD Jombang sebanyak 38 orang dengan jumlah sampel 32 responden, teknik sampling yang di gunakan Accidental Sampling. Alat ukur kuesioner. Variabel independent konsumsi jamu saat hamil, variabel dependent kejadian asfiksia bayi baru lahir. Uji statistik menggunakan Chi Square.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebagian besar responden pernah mengkonsumsi jamu saat hamil sejumlah 20 responden (62,5%). Hampir setengah bayi baru lahir mengalami asfiksia sejumlah 18 orang (56,3%). Hasil uji chi square, didapatkan Ï = 0,000 < 0,05, maka H0 ditolak atau H1 diterima artinya ada hubungan antara konsumsi jamu saat hamil dengan kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir di Ruang Melati RSUD Jombang.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan informasi tentang efek samping minum jamu sehingga ibu tahu tentang efek samping minum jamu saat hamil.Â Kata Kunci : Konsumsi, Jamu, Asfiksia
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ROLE OF FAMILIES IN DIET SUPERVISION AND THE LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF DIETARY MANAGEMENT AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN KEBONSARI VILLAGE, CANDI SUB-DISTRICT, SIDOARJO DISTRICT
Authors: Diana Meli
Published: October 2019

Background: The Indonesia Sehat Program is a program to improve the quality of life of the Indonesian people. The target of this program is to improve the health and nutritional status of the community through health and community empowerment efforts supported by financial protection and equitable distribution of health services. The latest estimate of the International Diabetes Federation, there are 382 million people living with Diabetes in the world in 2013. By 2035 this number is expected to increase to 592 million people.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the role of families in diet monitoring with the level of compliance with Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients in carrying out the Diabetes Mellitus diet at Kebonsari Candi Sidoarjo.Method: This study used correlational design with a sample of 25 people. Samples were obtained using total sampling method. The instrument used to obtain data in this study is a questionnaire. The data obtained were then analyzed by using the Spearman test with p â‰¤ 0,01.Results: Families who play an active role in the supervision of diabetic patients with diabetes mellitus are related to the level of patient compliance in the obedient category of 44%. Based on the Spearman Rank test with p <0.01, the correlation level is 0.600. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the role of families in diet monitoring and the level of adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in carrying out a diabetes mellitus diet has a strong level of correlation.Conclusion: Families are required to play an active role in supervising diabetics in carrying out the diabetes mellitus diet so that it can prevent complications of the disease and the quality of life of the sufferer.Â Key words: The Role of Families, Diet Compliance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
THE EFFECT OF WARM GINGER COMPRESS TOWARDS JOINT PAIN OF THE ELDERLY AT UPT PANTI WERDHA MOJOPAHIT, MOJOKERTO DISTRICT
Authors: Dwipayanti Puteri Indah , Supriani Anik , Rosyidah Nanik Nur , Mufida Nurul
Published: October 2019

Background: There was joint pain that frequently happens by the elderly, which was joint pain. One of actions to abate the joint pain was compress with warm ginger.Objectives: The aims of this research were to identify the effect of warm ginger compress towards joint pain of the elderly at UPT Panti Werdha Mojopahit, Mojokerto District.Method: Design of this research was Pre-Experiment with Type of one group pre-test-post test design. Population of this research was whole of elderly who undergoes joint pain at UPT Panti Werdha Mojopahit Mojokerto district. Technique that used to take sample in this research was purposive sampling with 20 respondents. Data collecting was done before and after warm ginger compress was given use pain scale instrument PAINAD with 1-10 scale. The researcher used Wilcoxon statistic test with value of Î±=0, 05 to analyze the data.Results: The result of this research wasgained before carried out by warm ginger compress with advance pain scale of 6 respondents (30%), and intermediate pain scale of 10 respondents (50%). After the warm ginger compress was done by 8 respondents (40%) with light pain scale and 11 respondents (55%) with intermediate pain. Data analyzing used statistic test with Wilcoxon P value test 0,003 (Î±Ë‚ 0, 05). It showed that warm ginger compress effective towards joint pain of the elderly.Conclusion: Looking at the result above shows that warm ginger compress can be created as one of alternative choices to decrease joint pain intensity of the elderly, because this non-pharmacologist treatment uses easy to be obtained ingredient and there is no side effect for the elderly.Key words: Joint Pain, Warm Ginger Compress, Elderly.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BREAST CARE ON THE SMOOTH DELIVERY OF BREAST MILK
Authors: Sulistyowati Agus
Published: October 2019

The breastfeeding program for babies is very encouraged by the government on the grounds that there are many benefits of breastfeeding that can be given to babies. One of the supporting factors for the success of the program is to prepare the breast so that it can produce abundant milk and contains lots of nutrients. Preparation of pregnant women to provide quality breastfeeding is by treating the breast during pregnancy in the final trimester of pregnancy. Warm massage and compresses on the breast have several effects, including improving blood flow and making the nipple more elastic and not easily scratched when breastfeeding later.Key words: Pregnant women, breast care, breastfeeding.
Steepening of Cosmic-Ray Spectra in Shocks with Varying Magnetic Field Direction
Authors: Hanusch Adrian , Liseykina Tatyana V. , Malkov Mikhail , Aharonian Felix
Published: October 2019

Cosmic-ray (CR) spectra, both measured upon their arrival at the Earth’s atmosphere and inferred from the emission in supernova remnants (SNRs), appear to be significantly steeper than the “standard” diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) theory predicts. Although the reconstruction of the primary spectra introduces an additional steepening due to propagation effects, there is a growing consensus in the CR community that these corrections fall short to explain the newest high-precision data. Using 2D hybrid simulations, we investigate a new mechanism that may steepen the spectrum during the acceleration in SNR shocks. Most of the DSA treatments are limited to homogeneous shock environments. To investigate whether inhomogeneity effects can produce the necessary extra steepening, we assume that the magnetic field changes its angle along the shock front. The rationale behind this approach is the strong dependence of the DSA efficiency upon the field angle, θ
Bn. Our results show that the variation of shock obliquity along its face results in a noticeable steepening of the DSA spectrum. Compared to simulations of quasi-parallel shocks, we observe an increase of the spectral index by Δq = 0.1–0.15. Possible extrapolation of the limited simulation results to more realistic SNR conditions are briefly considered.
Preprocessing among the Infalling Galaxy Population of EDisCS Clusters
Authors: Just Dennis W. , Kirby Matthew , Zaritsky Dennis , Rudnick Gregory , Desjardins Tyler , Cool Richard , Moustakas John , Clowe Douglas , Lucia Gabriella De , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Desai Vandana , Finn Rose , Halliday Claire , Jablonka Pascale , Mann Justin , Poggianti Bianca , Bian Fu-Yan , Liebst Kelley
Published: October 2019

We present results from a low-resolution spectroscopic survey for 21 galaxy clusters at 0.4 < z < 0.8 selected from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey. We measured spectra using the low-dispersion prism in IMACS on the Magellan Baade telescope and calculate redshifts with an accuracy of σ

z
 = 0.007. We find 1763 galaxies that are brighter than R = 22.9 in the large-scale cluster environs. We identify the galaxies expected to be accreted by the clusters as they evolve to z = 0 using spherical infall models and find that ∼30%–70% of the z = 0 cluster population lies outside the virial radius at z ∼ 0.6. For analogous clusters at z = 0, we calculate that the ratio of galaxies that have fallen into the clusters since z ∼ 0.6 to those that were already in the core at that redshift is typically between ∼0.3 and 1.5. This wide range of ratios is due to intrinsic scatter and is not a function of velocity dispersion, so a variety of infall histories is to be expected for clusters with current velocity dispersions of 300 km s−1 ≲ σ ≲ 1200 km s−1. Within the infall regions of z ∼ 0.6 clusters, we find a larger red fraction of galaxies than in the field and greater clustering among red galaxies than blue. We interpret these findings as evidence of “preprocessing,” where galaxies in denser local environments have their star formation rates affected prior to their aggregation into massive clusters, although the possibility of backsplash galaxies complicates the interpretation.
Le marquis de Sade et la question de la population
Authors: Rohrbasser Jean-Marc , Véron Jacques
Published: October 2019

Dans quatre de ses textes majeurs ( Aline et Valcour , Histoire de Juliette , La Nouvelle Justine et La Philosophie dans le boudoir ) écrits entre 1795 et 1799, Sade manifeste un intérêt certain pour la question de la population. Il élabore ce qui pourrait s’apparenter à un système cohérent. La propagation de l’espèce humaine est envisagée comme une entrave au bien-être tant à l’échelle collective qu’au niveau individuel. Pour Sade, tout devrait être mis en œuvre pour limiter cette propagation, puisque l’humanité ne peut revendiquer aucun statut d’exception dans la nature. L’abandon d’enfants, l’infanticide, la sodomie ou l’avortement sont alors présentés comme autant de freins à la population. Par ailleurs, comme Malthus à la même époque, Sade craint un accroissement du nombre des pauvres et se montre par conséquent hostile à toute aide envers eux. Au-delà des excès auxquels se livrent les personnages des romans de Sade, dont les « dissertations » illustrent ses conceptions en la matière, les idées développées dans ces œuvres, en raison de leur cohérence et de leur originalité, méritent une véritable attention. Alors que chez Malthus le principe de population légitime en dernier ressort la contrainte morale, pour Sade le principe de plaisir doit toujours prévaloir. La dialectique de la destruction et de la création fonde la théorie sadienne de la population.
Microstructure of Built Part Obtained by Powder Bed Fusion Process with Metal
Authors: Furumoto Tatsuaki , Egashira Kyota , Matsuura Souta , Nikawa Makoto , Okada Masato , Koyano Tomohiro , Hashimoto Yohei , Hosokawa Akira
Published: October 2019

The influence of various process parameters on the building of maraging steel powder by the selective laser melting (SLM) processes is investigated. The microstructure in the built part was observed and the influence of the heat treatment was evaluated. As results, the depth of solidified layer was higher than that of deposited metal powder, and its value was influenced with the process parameters. The microstructure in the boundary between the built part and the substrate was quite different from the built part even if the suitable heat treatment was performed.
The Influence of Magnetic Fiber Orientation on the Electric Properties of Conductive Polymer Composite Material by Using Magnetic-Assisted Injection Molding
Authors: Chung Chen Yuan , Chen Shia Chung , Lin Kuan Ju
Published: October 2019

With the evolution of modern science and technology, composite material is widely used in more and more fields. Its related fabrication and technology have become the important issue of development of science and engineering. Especially for fibrillar composite material, since the fiber’s orientation and distribution affect the properties of product, how the orientation and distribution are controlled is an important key to improve its properties. In this study, the external magnetic field is applied to injection molding for controlling the orientated behavior of metal fiber during the filling process. In addition, the fiber’s orientation and conductivity will be investigated by means of different process conditions (melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed, and so on) with or without external magnetic field.
Combined Cyclic-Static Bending Effect on the Encapsulation Properties of a Barrier Thin Film for Flexible Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Tran Dinh Phuc , Lin Chih Kuang , To Bao Dong
Published: October 2019

Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a barrier film is evaluated after combined cyclic-static bending. Results show that cyclic bending combined with a static bending deteriorates the barrier performance to a greater extent, compared with pure cyclic bending. For a severe bending radius of 2.5 mm, WVTR is increased at the beginning of combined cyclic-static bending. There is a little effect of static bending on WVTR for a short hold time. However, for a longer period of static hold-time, the contribution of static bending to deterioration in the performance of barrier thin film is visible.
Design Modification of Additive Manufacturing Parts Using Texture Information of 3D Model
Authors: Wu Tsung Chien , Lai Jiing Yih , Tseng Yu Wen , Liao Chao Yaug , Lee Ju Yi
Published: October 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been commonly used for the prototyping of three-dimensional (3D) models. The input model of the AM technology is a triangular model representing the surface shape of an object. The design features on a triangular model are generally not clear as the vertices are irregularly distributed. If design modification is necessary, it is difficult to segment and extract the meshes from the model. The objective of this study is to propose a method for extracting the design features on an object model by using the texture information. A 3D color model including a triangular model representing the object shape and a texture map describing the object texture is employed. The 3D model is generated by using a set of object images captured from different views surrounding the object. A texture mapping algorithm is then employed to generate the texture map corresponding to the 3D model. With both meshes and texture displayed in a texture mode, a region extraction technique is employed to extract the design features. All parts separated can then be fabricated with an AM machine, and assembled for checking the feasibility of design modification. Several products are employed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Effects of Preheating Temperature at Primary Shear Zone in Laser Assisted Milling Process
Authors: Jamkamon Kamonpong , Yamada Keiji , Sekiya Katsuhiko , Tanaka Ryutaro
Published: October 2019

In this paper, preheating temperature was investigated for the laser assisted machining (LAM) of Inconel 718 under different conditions for the milling test. The experimental results show that the requirement of laser power for the particularly preheating temperature proportionally increased with the table speed. The resultant cutting force for sufficient shearing work material in LAM was lower than conventional machining (CM) approximately 11, 21 and 28% for the cutting speed of 30, 50 and 75 m/min, respectively. The tool wear in LAM could be improved at relatively high cutting speed of 75 m/min and the hardness of machined surface in LAM was slightly higher than CM.
Simultaneous Synthesis of Diamond and Hydrogen
Authors: Shiraishi Ryoya , Toyota Hiromichi , Nomura Shinfuku , Nakajima Kazuto , Zhu Xia , Iwamoto Yukiharu
Published: October 2019

A relationship between diamond synthesis and hydrogen production in in-liquid plasma method have been investigated. Approximately 60 % energy can be recovered by collecting hydrogen gas made by ingredient solution decomposition. The relationship is trade-off. When higher energy is used to maintain the substrate temperature, the hydrogen production rate gets faster, but the diamond synthesis rate gets slower. To increase diamond synthesis rate, a method should be established which maintains the substrate temperature by lower energy and generates less hydrogen gas.
Comparison of Methodologies for Statistical Evaluation of Characteristic Soil Properties for Top Hole Design
Authors: Esteves Aline Viana , Várady Filho Christiano Augusto Ferrario , Lima Junior Eduardo Toledo , Santos João Paulo Lima , Dias Rafael , Cutrim Fábio Sawada
Published: October 2019

Evaluation of characteristic values of geotechnical parameters is associated with uncertainties inherent to the geological processes that change soil strata. Statistical analysis of soil data allows one to deal rationally with these uncertainties. The present work addresses some normative recommendations and literature models for statistical characterization of undrained shear strength and submerged unit weight in offshore soils, providing more information to conductor casing design. Three methodologies were selected for the analysis. The NORSOK G-001 (2004) standard recommends the use of mean values computed conservatively. Lacasse et al. (2007) propose that characteristic value should be the mean value minus half a standard deviation of the parameter under analysis. DNV-RP-C207 (2012) suggests different methodologies for dependent and independent soil variables, though both methods of calculating the characteristic value involve linear regressions. Using data from geotechnical investigations that characterize eight oil wells located in two Brazilian offshore basins, the selected methodologies were applied to obtain the characteristic values and compared to each other. The analysis is carried out with data from seventeen CPTu tests associated to the eight wells abovementioned. It is noted that the NORSOK recommendation leads to the highest characteristic values, which are assumed tending to the mean value of the dataset over the well depth. The values obtained using Lacasse et al. (2007) methodology are more conservative and stand as a lower bound of the NORSOK methodology. The models suggested by DNV perform differently when applied to the geotechnical parameters. The dependent variables methodology fits both undrained strength and unit weight accurately. Analysis shows that undrained strength is better described using the methodology for standard deviation proportional to the depth while, for the unit weight, accurate results are obtained by using constant standard deviation. The lower bound procedure proposed by DNV provides, in general, non-conservative results in the first meters and more conservative values along the depth when compared with the other methodologies. Regarding all the formulations addressed, differences between them increase for wells whose CPTu data present higher dispersion. This larger dispersion suggests applications of different statistical-based approaches in order to reliably characterize offshore soil data. The datasets analyzed comprise different levels of scattering and soil heterogeneity, and comparing the statistical recommendations brings additive information for the designer to set the characteristic values of soil properties, aiming for the decision-making process on top hole drilling applications, e. g. conductor casing design. To the authors’ knowledge, few papers perform this comparative analysis.
Brazilian Local Content Policy: An Overview and Analisys of Adjustment Clauses Applications
Authors: d'Almeida Albino Lopes , Apolinário Bruno de Paula , Ribeiro Luiz Filipe
Published: October 2019

Local Content Policies are worldwide applied to oil and gas (O&G) exploration and production (E&P) contracts, in order to stimulate the national goods and services industry. This policy implements Local Content (LC) commitments in contracts for O&G exploration blocks. In this way, minimum LC percentages are established and supervised in Brazil by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). Additionally, this minimum percentage is taken as a judgment criterion for the concession regime bidding rounds, as well as pre-established in Production Sharing and Onerous Cession contracts. In the past years, high levels of LC, coupled with oil price drop, have taken oil companies to request adjustment and/or exemption of this contractual commitment. Although provided for in E&P contracts, the mechanism regarding the exemption and adjustment of Local Content clauses had not yet been regulated by ANP until 2017. Then, in 2018 ANP approved Resolution No. 726/2018, defining clear and objective criteria for the request and its conditions. Therefore, this paper intent to present and analyze the history of local content policy in the Brazilian O&G industry, the regulatory framework, also evaluating the quantity of requests for changing CL commitments and ANP responses.
Machine Learning Applied on Fishing Occurrence Prediction
Authors: Peixoto Filho Flavio Tito , Filardo Juarez Guaraci
Published: October 2019

Along the enhancement of data processing and storing capabilities, introduction of cloud computing and a broader connectivity between different systems, data mining techniques and machine learning consolidate themselves between the main exponents for business improvement. Even areas of industry considerably mature, as the oil & gas, shall handle these tools to modernize its processes and enhance their efficiency. The applicable fields are diverse, from the operational realm to management areas. It is remarkable to consider the benefits that the adoption of richer prediction models would provide, in substitution of tasks so far performed only from empiricism, or under minimal premises. Towards planning, data mining associated with machine learning turns into an important tool for some services demand prediction. Especially those at which the occurrence is essentially probabilistic. Such analysis may be implemented crossing multiple input data, allowing the model to be a fair representation of reality. Fishing occurrence is an unmistakable example of well service with probabilistic incidence. Even if, at a first glance, their manifestation seems chaotic, fishing incidence varies according the activities performed or well specifications. This means the event probability depends not only if the rig is drilling or completing, but also on well specification. In a large oil company, with a large amount of wells, the possibility of a multi-variable prediction for this kind of occurrence is very valuable for a proper mapping and dimensioning of the service amount.

This present paper shows the steps of quantifying the demand for fishing services using previous experience. These steps are explained, from input data classification and pre-processing through the choice of the fittest machine learning model, and finally, the process and analysis of the obtained results.

Once the model is defined and implemented, each new analysis can be performed quickly. This represents a massive time saving, especially when schedule changes happen very often. However, the advantages obtained are not only restricted to the boost in performance, but also the possibility to consider a larger assortment of input variables, and therefore allow the user to obtain a model closer to reality, and still capable of be continuously improved and adapted to new scenarios.

Regardless being the purpose of this work the amount of services to hire, the obtained data are also a great source for fishing prevention, aiming to reduce nonproductive time (NPT). It can provide an intensity map, indicating the activities at which shall the efforts be prioritized. They are still useful in rig schedule forecasting, to permit predicting the amount of time for each activity regarding fishing events. Finally, regardless of referring to fishing activity, the methods and process used in this work may be, in general, used for other purposes, within or outside the oil industry.
Implementation of Dissolvable Metals to Isolate Inflow Control Devices and Deliver a Washpipe Free Deep Water Sandface Completion Solution
Authors: Johnson Kenneth , Okengwu Victor , Orluwosu Benjamin , Novelen Ryan , Hanson Jon-Howard , Chaloupka Vladimir , Achich Achref
Published: October 2019

The introductory use of existing inflow control devices (ICD’s) fitted with innovative dissolvable metal plugging rods to allow the operator to run washpipe free completions to reduce rig time is discussed. This work discusses an ICD washpipe-free application run in a long, deep water horizontal sandface completion in the Egina development. The completion was successfully installed following existing processes for tasks and sub-tasks applied in previous completions in the field. The washpipe-free solution was tailored to the reservoir, and is field-adjustable.

The dissolvable plug solution was provided to be used with existing ICD’s available in country, without modification to the ICD housing. Fluid compatibility testing with dissolvable metals was performed establishing dissolution rates under existing reservoir conditions with mud, brine, and cake breaker at field formulations. Introduction of the dissolvable plug solution has provided the operator with an additional option to consider when seeking to further optimize times necessary to run lower completions in deep water wells offshore West Africa. No changes in existing completion procedures were necessary with respect to the procedure for washing down or subsequently placing cake breaker treatment.

Running ICD’s with dissolvable plugs was identified as an opportunity to eliminate the need for running lower completion with washpipe. The subject well was run with ICD screens equipped with dissolvable plugs while maintaining full compatibility with the existing upper completion design. Once the well was completed and the tree installed, injectivity testing was successfully performed confirming ICD functionality was re-established.

The ICD completion design saved the operator a minimum of 12 hours online rig time, further simplifying running the completion and associated handling times. Offline savings include (1) racking washpipe before running the lower completion, (2) subsequent racking back and laying washpipe upon completing the lower completion, (3) eliminating mobilization of washpipe to/from the rig, and (4) freeing up deck space typically used to accommodate the washpipe. During this saved offline time the auxiliary derrick could be used for other offline equipment preparation, helping provide further savings. Washpipe rental and maintenance costs were eliminated. An important reduction to safety risks related to extensive pipe handling was also achieved.

This paper describes laboratory testing, full quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) and operational procedures, leading to the first successful deployment and excellent functionality of ICD’s with dissolvable plugs in a long deep water horizontal completion eliminating the use of washpipe, while providing associated savings.