bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High level of GHR nuclear translocation in skeletal muscle of a hyperplasic transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Figueiredo Marcio A , Boyle Robert T , Sandrini Juliana Z , Varela Antonio S , Marins Luis F
Published: November 2015

It has been reported that nuclear translocation of growth hormone receptor (GHR) may directly activate cell proliferation in mammals and birds. However, this phenomenon has not yet been described in fish. Recently, we have developed a transgenic zebrafish that overexpresses GHR in a muscle-specific manner. Considering that this transgenic model exhibits hyperplasic muscle growth, the present work aims at verifying the relationship between GHR nuclear translocation and muscle cell proliferation. This relationship was evaluated by the phosphorylation state of the proliferative MEK/ERK pathway, expression of nuclear import-related genes, immunostaining of phospho-histone H3 (PH3) as a proliferation marker, and nuclear GHR localization. The results showed a significant decrease in the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2 proteins in transgenics. Moreover, there was an increase in expression of three out of four importin genes analyzed parallel to a large flow of GHR displacement toward and into the nucleus of transgenic muscle cells. Also, transgenics presented a marked increase in PH3 staining, which indicates cell proliferation. These findings, as far as we know, are the first report suggesting a proliferative action of GHR in fish as a consequence of its increased nuclear translocation. Thus, it appears that the nuclear migration of cytokine receptors is a common event among different taxonomic groups. In addition, the results presented here highlight the possibility that these membrane proteins may be involved more directly than previously thought in the control of genes related to cell growth and proliferation.
Identification of Genes Uniquely Expressed in the Germ-Line Tissues of the Jewel WaspNasonia vitripennis
Authors: Ferree Patrick M , Fang Christopher , Mastrodimos Mariah , Hay Bruce A , Amrhein Henry , Akbari Omar S
Published: November 2015

The jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis is a rising model organism for the study of haplo-diploid reproduction characteristic of hymenopteran insects, which include all wasps, bees, and ants. We performed transcriptional profiling of the ovary, the female soma, and the male soma of N. vitripennis to complement a previously existing transcriptome of the wasp testis. These data were deposited into an open-access genome browser for visualization of transcripts relative to their gene models. We used these data to identify the assemblies of genes uniquely expressed in the germ-line tissues. We found that 156 protein-coding genes are expressed exclusively in the wasp testis compared with only 22 in the ovary. Of the testis-specific genes, eight are candidates for male-specific DNA packaging proteins known as protamines. We found very similar expression patterns of centrosome associated genes in the testis and ovary, arguing that de novo centrosome formation, a key process for development of unfertilized eggs into males, likely does not rely on large-scale transcriptional differences between these tissues. In contrast, a number of meiosis-related genes show a bias toward testis-specific expression, despite the lack of true meiosis in N. vitripennis males. These patterns may reflect an unexpected complexity of male gamete production in the haploid males of this organism. Broadly, these data add to the growing number of genomic and genetic tools available in N. vitripennis for addressing important biological questions in this rising insect model organism.
Genetic Architecture of the Variation in Male-Specific Ossified Processes on the Anal Fins of Japanese Medaka
Authors: Kawajiri Maiko , Fujimoto Shingo , Yoshida Kohta , Yamahira Kazunori , Kitano Jun
Published: November 2015

Traits involved in reproduction evolve rapidly and show great diversity among closely related species. However, the genetic mechanisms that underlie the diversification of courtship traits are mostly unknown. Japanese medaka fishes (Oryzias latipes) use anal fins to attract females and to grasp females during courtship; the males have longer anal fins with male-specific ossified papillary processes on the fin rays. However, anal fin morphology varies between populations: the southern populations tend to have longer anal fins and more processes than the northern populations. In the present study, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to investigate the genetic architecture underlying the variation in the number of papillary processes of Japanese medaka fish and compared the QTL with previously identified QTL controlling anal fin length. First, we found that only a few QTL were shared between anal fin length and papillary process number. Second, we found that the numbers of papillary processes on different fin rays often were controlled by different QTL. Finally, we produced another independent cross and found that some QTL were repeatable between the two crosses, whereas others were specific to only one cross. These results suggest that variation in the number of papillary processes is polygenic and controlled by QTL that are distinct from those controlling anal fin length. Thus, different courtship traits in Japanese medaka share a small number of QTL and have the potential for independent evolution.
Multilocus Sex Determination Revealed in Two Populations of Gynodioecious Wild Strawberry, Fragaria vesca subsp. bracteata
Authors: Ashman Tia-Lynn , Tennessen Jacob A , Dalton Rebecca M , Govindarajulu Rajanikanth , Koski Matthew H , Liston Aaron
Published: November 2015

Gynodioecy, the coexistence of females and hermaphrodites, occurs in 20% of angiosperm families and often enables transitions between hermaphroditism and dioecy. Clarifying mechanisms of sex determination in gynodioecious species can thus illuminate sexual system evolution. Genetic determination of gynodioecy, however, can be complex and is not fully characterized in any wild species. We used targeted sequence capture to genetically map a novel nuclear contributor to male sterility in a self-pollinated hermaphrodite of Fragaria vesca subsp. bracteata from the southern portion of its range. To understand its interaction with another identified locus and possibly additional loci, we performed crosses within and between two populations separated by 2000 km, phenotyped the progeny and sequenced candidate markers at both sex-determining loci. The newly mapped locus contains a high density of pentatricopeptide repeat genes, a class commonly involved in restoration of fertility caused by cytoplasmic male sterility. Examination of all crosses revealed three unlinked epistatically interacting loci that determine sexual phenotype and vary in frequency between populations. Fragaria vesca subsp. bracteata represents the first wild gynodioecious species with genomic evidence of both cytoplasmic and nuclear genes in sex determination. We propose a model for the interactions between these loci and new hypotheses for the evolution of sex determining chromosomes in the subdioecious and dioecious Fragaria.
The Genomic Signature of Population Reconnection Following Isolation: From Theory to HIV
Authors: Alcala Nicolas , Jensen Jeffrey D , Telenti Amalio , Vuilleumier Séverine
Published: November 2015

Ease of worldwide travel provides increased opportunities for organisms not only to colonize new environments but also to encounter related but diverged populations. Such events of reconnection and secondary contact of previously isolated populations are widely observed at different time scales. For example, during the quaternary glaciation, sea water level fluctuations caused temporal isolation of populations, often to be followed by secondary contact. At shorter time scales, population isolation and reconnection of viruses are commonly observed, and such events are often associated with epidemics and pandemics. Here, using coalescent theory and simulations, we describe the temporal impact of population reconnection after isolation on nucleotide differences and the site frequency spectrum, as well as common summary statistics of DNA variation. We identify robust genomic signatures of population reconnection after isolation. We utilize our development to infer the recent evolutionary history of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in Asia and South America, successfully retrieving the successive HIV subtype colonization events in these regions. Our analysis reveals that divergent HIV-1 subtype populations are currently admixing in these regions, suggesting that HIV-1 may be undergoing a process of homogenization, contrary to popular belief.
Risks in a Trial of an Innovative Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Bos Wendy , Westra Anna E. , Pinxten Wim , Mayer Matthew P. , Lantos John D.
Published: November 2015

Studies of innovative therapies for muscular dystrophy raise unique ethical issues. The disease is currently untreatable and relentlessly progressive. A number of potentially efficacious treatments are being developed, but like all treatments, they may have unforeseen adverse effects. Nevertheless, patients and families, facing a bleak future, may be willing to take the gamble and try the treatments. Many doctors are eager to study them. But should institutional review boards approve them? This article discusses these issues and recounts the ways that one such study elicited different responses from different institutional review boards.
New records of Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1865) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) for the state of Amazonas and its updated distribution in Brazil
Authors: Dos Santos Tamily Carvalho Melo , Lopes Gerson Paulino , Carvalho Neto Antônio Sena , Do Amaral João Valsecchi , Marques-Aguiar Suely Aparecida
Published: November 2015

Cynomops planirostris is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, with records extending from Panama to northern Argentina. In Brazil, C. planirostris was recorded in 17 states, with few records in the Amazon basin. Herein we report new records of C. planirostris from the state of Amazonas.
Range extension of Scorpaena inermis (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) in the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Paiva Carolina Cerqueira de , Lippi Daniel Lino , Caires Rodrigo Antunes , Silva-Falcão Elisabeth Cabral , De Araújo Maria Elisabeth
Published: November 2015

Scorpaena inermis is recorded for the third time in the southwestern Atlantic. The known previous records of the species from Brazilian coast was collected Alagoas and Rio Grande do Norte states, prior of which the species was supposed to occur only in the northwestern Atlantic, from Georgia, USA, to Suriname and French Guiana. Here we report on two specimens that were collected in the northeastern Brazil and were deposited in Brazilian institutions. These new reports of S. inermis in Brazilian waters extend the geographic distribution of this species in the western Atlantic and the interval of three morphometric features.
Polyurethane dressing, tetracycline and salicylic acid use for treatment of digital dermatitis in cattle
Authors: Sauter-Louis C. , Maierl J. , Fiedler A.
Published: November 2015

Objective: The use of antibiotics is a proven approach for local and systemic treatment of digital dermatitis (DD). Even if they are administered only locally and at low dosage, their use should be restricted to an absolute minimum. The efficacy of a commercial polyurethane wound dressing in treating acute digital dermatitis was compared with topical treatment using a commercially available tetracycline spray and a salicylic acid paste. Materials and methods: A total of 105 cows in a dairy farm (with about 160 dairy cows) were included in the study, with 101 cows needing topical treatment for digital dermatitis on one or both hind feet. All animals underwent hoof trimming prior to the treatment. Affected feet (n = 152) were randomly assigned to one of three comparable treatment groups. Topical treatment was administered to all visible digital dermatitis lesions. Animals in the positive control groups were given a topical treatment of tetracycline (53 DD lesions in 49 cows) or salicylic acid (53 DD lesions in 50 cows) formulations, whose therapeutic effects were scientifically verified. Spray was applied once, at a usual dosage and without any bandage. Salicylic acid paste was fixed in place with a bandage for 5 days. In the test group (46 DD lesions in 45 cows), a polyurethane bandage was left in place for 10 days. Whereas, 47 feet (from 38 cows) without lesions or with lesions showing no pain were designated as group 0. Each lesion was evaluated at day 0 during trimming, and on day 10 and 36. The lesions were scored based on severity and size. Results: All groups showed a statistically significant improvement in the clinical appearance of the lesions at day 10. There were no significant differences in the findings between the second and the third evaluation (day 10 and day 36) either within a group or between the groups. Conclusion: The use of an alternative treatment regimen like a polyurethane wound dressing shows good clinical healing, it is as effective as the conventional methods, and unlike the conventional methods, does not require a latency period.
Auswirkungen der zeitgleichen Durchführung zootechnischer Eingriffe an Saugferkeln
Authors: Übel N. , Otten W. , Sauter-Louis C. , Heinritzi K. , Ritzmann M. , Eddicks M. , Zöls S.
Published: November 2015

Gegenstand und Ziel: Neben der Kastration werden bei Saugferkeln in der 1. Lebenswoche weitere Zootechniken ohne Betäubung durchgeführt. Ziel der Studie war, die Belastung und den schmerzbedingten Stress von Kastration, Schwanzkupieren und des Einziehens von Ohrmarken bei Saugferkeln im Vergleich zu Gruppen mit ausschließlichem Handling bzw. Kastration zu untersuchen. Zusätzlich wurde die Wirksamkeit des präoperativ verabreichten nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogis tikums Meloxicam sowie dessen kombinierte Anwendung mit Eisendextran bei diesen Eingriffen evaluiert. Material und Methoden: Zur Beurteilung von schmerzbedingtem Stress dienten die Kortisol- und Katecholaminkonzentrationen im Serum bzw. Plasma sowie Verhaltensbeobachtungen. Verträglichkeit und Wirksamkeit einer kombinierten Anwendung wurden adspektorisch, palpatorisch und vergleichend zur Kortisol- und Eisenkonzentration der anderen Gruppen evaluiert und die Tageszunahmen aller Ferkel erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die geringgradigen Veränderungen der Injektionsstellen des Eisenpräparats nach getrennter Applikation von Meloxicam und Eisen reduzierten sich bei gemeinsamer Verabreichung um 40%. Nach den drei zootechnischen Maßnahmen stieg die Kortisolkonzentration im Serum bei den Tieren der unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe (KSO) im Vergleich zur Handlings- (H) und Kastrationsgruppe (K) bis zur 4. Stunde signifikant an. Bei Tieren, denen Meloxicam bzw. eine Mischung aus Eisen und Meloxicam appliziert wurde, sanken die Kortisolkonzentrationen eine halbe Stunde nach Kastration und bis 4 Stunden nach allen drei zootechnischen Eingriffen signifikant gegenüber der jeweiligen unbehandelten Gruppe (K bzw. KSO). Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die zeitgleiche Durchführung der zootechnischen Eingriffe Kastration, Schwanzkupieren und Kennzeichnung mittels Ohrmarke führt zu einer vermehrten Belastung der Saugferkel. Die präoperative Gabe von Meloxicam reduziert diese Schmerzreaktion in gleichem Maße wie bei alleiniger Kastration. Die Mischung aus Eisen und Meloxicam beeinträchtigt die Wirksamkeit beider Substanzen nicht und verringert die lokale Reaktion an der Injektionsstelle des Eisenpräparats.
Contribuciones de Kepler a la continuidad y transformación de la tradición de la música de las esferas
Authors: Hasler Johann F.W.
Published: November 2015

Resumen:El presente artículo busca dar a conocer la importancia del trabajo de Johannes Kepler en la actualización, modificación, continuidad y transmisión posterior de las teorías de correspondencias entre planetas y alturas musicales en la tradición de la "Música de las Esferas", noción que para él tenía mucha importancia dentro de su concepción teológica del funcionamiento del cosmos. Lejos de desbancar esta antigua idea que en su origen funcionaba dentro del paradigma cosmológico geocéntrico, Kepler la adapta al sistema heliocéntrico copernicano y a sus propias propuestas de órbitas elípticas de los planetas, notando que estos nuevos modelos cosmológicos requieren de una nueva teoría de la música de las esferas: dado que se deduce que la velocidad de los planetas no es constante, esto tiene implicaciones importantes en los "tonos" (o dicho actualmente "alturas" o "notas") de cada planeta, que dejan de ser una altura única, como en los modelos de órbitas circulares, para convertirse en toda una gama musical. El desarrollo y evolución de la tradición de la Música de las Esferas es un largo capítulo en la historia de las ideas, de la ciencia y de la teoría musical (pues abarca desde Pitágoras hasta el presente), y hace parte de la llamada "música especulativa", que indaga las relaciones entre la teoría musical y sistemas considerados esotéricos o místicos. Este escrito aspira a contribuir, inicialmente a partir de la revisión de la literatura relevante, a este campo menos estudiado de la historia de la ciencia de la modernidad temprana desde el modelo medieval del quadrivium (aritmética, geometría, astronomía y música).
Rousseau e a Ordem da Festa
Authors: Vincenti Luc
Published: November 2015

RESUMO:Longe de ser uma simples inversão de valores ou transbordamento pulsional, a festa, por sua natureza coletiva e sua relação com a política, é, antes de tudo, uma cerimônia. Porque as pessoas se entregam ao espetáculo, a festa é, para Rousseau, a oportunidade de expressar a legitimidade política profunda que se enraiza, ao lado da liberdade envolvida no contrato, na unidade da natureza humana e de toda a natureza como ordem do mundo. Assim, a ordem está presente na festa, mesmo como ordem política e social. Mas não está lá para ser respeitada em si mesma, ela não é mais do que um símbolo ou um veículo da ordem do mundo, à qual todos podem, na festa, se conectar. Portanto, existe o contentamento, e contentamento comum, em transportar-se, cada um, para o autor do seu ser, por meio de e na evidência coletiva do amor de si plenamente satisfeito.
The importance of speckle tracking echocardiography in the early detection of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Demirelli Selami , Degirmenci Husnu , Ermis Emrah , Inci Sinan , Nar Gokay , Ayhan Mehmet Emin , Fırtına Serdar , Hamur Hikmet , Durmaz Senay Arikan
Published: November 2015

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal and metabolic abnormalities and is thought to increase a risk for cardiovascular diseases. In this study we use speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) to evaluate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the early period of the disease. We enrolled 31 patients with PCOS and 32 healthy volunteers as a control group. The participants’ ages ranged between 18 and 40 years. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. LV strain (LS) and strain rate (SR) were evaluated using apical two-chamber (2C), three-chamber (3C), and four-chamber (4C) imaging. Global LS and SR were calculated as average of three apical views. The waist-to-hip ratio, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting insulin and triglyceride levels were higher in the PCOS group than in the controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively). In the PCOS group, the mitral A wave, deceleration time (DT), and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) were significantly higher than in the controls (all p< 0.05). The LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global longitudinal SR systolic (GLSRS) were significantly lower in the PCOS patient group (both p = 0.001). There were strong negative correlations between GLS and both fasting insulin (r = −0.64) and DT (r = –0.62) (both p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that PCOS patients had decreased LV function using STE. Therefore, STE imaging appears to be useful for the early detection of subclinical LV dysfunction in patients with PCOS.
The impact of bismuth addition to sequential treatment on Helicobacter pylori eradication: A pilot study
Authors: Basyigit Sebahat , Kefeli Ayse , Sapmaz Ferdane , Yeniova Abdullah Ozgur , Asilturk Zeliha , Hokkaomeroglu Murat , Uzman Metin , Nazligul Yasar
Published: November 2015

The success of the current anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment protocols is reported to decrease by years, and research is needed to strengthen the H. pylori eradication treatment. Sequential treatment (ST), one of the treatment modalities for H. pylori eradication, includes amoxicillin 1 gr b.i.d and proton pump inhibitor b.i.d for first 5 days and then includes clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d, metronidazole 500 mg b.i.d and a proton pump inhibitor b.i.d for remaining 5 days. In this study, we investigated efficacy and tolerability of bismuth addition in to ST. We included patients that underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in which H. pylori infection was diagnosed by histological examination of antral and corporal gastric mucosa biopsy. Participants were randomly administered ST or bismuth containing ST (BST) protocols for the first-line H. pylori eradication therapy. Participants have been tested by urea breath test for eradication success 6 weeks after the completion of treatment. One hundred and fifty patients (93 female, 57 male) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in eradication rates for both intention to treat population (70.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.3-74.1% vs. 71.8%, 95% CI: 61.8-81.7%, for ST and BST, respectively, p > 0.05) and per protocol population (74.6%, 95% CI: 63.2-85.8% vs. 73.7%, 95% CI: 63.9-83.5% for ST and BST, respectively, p > 0.05). Despite the undeniable effect of bismuth, there may be several possible reasons of unsatisfactory eradication success. Drug administration time, coadministration of other drugs, possible H. pylori resistance to bismuth may affect the eradication success. The addition of bismuth subcitrate to ST regimen does not provide significant increase in eradication rates.
Correlation between advanced glycation end-products and the expression of fatty inflammatory factors in type II diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guo Zhengdong , Huang Donghui , Tang Xiange , Han Jingjing , Li Jing
Published: November 2015

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes without a clear pathogenesis. Th is study investigated the adiponectin (APN) and leptin levels in type II DCM, as well as their correlation with advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). From 2011–2013, 78 type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases (40–65 years old) in the Taian region were randomly selected. Based on the results of colour Doppler ultrasonography and coronary angiography, the cases were divided into a simple T2DM group (40 cases) and a DCM group (38 cases). Forty healthy subjects were used as normal control (NC). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the levels of fa tty infl ammatory factors such as APN, leptin and AGEs, and a correlation analysis was conducted. In the T2DM group, the APN levels were decreased but the leptin and AGE levels were signifi cantly increased compared to the NC group. In the DCM group, the APN levels were decreased but the leptin and AGE levels were signifi cantly increased (P<0.01) compared to the T2DM group. Th e AGE levels were positively correlated with disease progression and with fasting plasma glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin, insulin resistance and leptin, but were negatively correlated with APN levels. Additionally, the APN and leptin levels were independently related to the AGE levels. Fatty infl ammatory factors play a signifi cant role in the progression of both simple T2DM and DCM. Th e results of this study revealed the pathogenesis of DCM and indicated the potential signifi cance of AGEs in DCM prevention and treatment.
Tumor suppressor maspin as a modulator of host immune response to cancer
Authors: Dzinic Sijana H. , Bernardo Maria M. , Oliveira Daniel S.M. , Wahba Marian , Sakr Wael , Sheng Shijie
Published: November 2015

Despite the promising clinical outcome, the primary challenge of the curative cancer immunotherapy is to overcome the dichotomy of the immune response: tumor-evoked immunostimulatory versus tumor-induced immunosuppressive. The goal needs to be two-fold, to re-establish sustainable antitumor-cancer immunity and to eliminate immunosuppression. The successful elimination of cancer cells by immunosurveillance requires the antigenic presentation of the tumor cells or tumor-associated antigens and the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines and chemokines by cancer and immune cells. Tumors are heterogeneous and as such, some of the tumor cells are thought to have stem cell characteristics that enable them to suppress or desensitize the host immunity due to acquired epigenetic changes. A central mechanism underlying tumor epigenetic instability is the increased histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated repression of HDAC-target genes regulating homeostasis and differentiation. It was noted that pharmacological HDAC inhibitors are not effective in eliminating tumor cells partly because they may induce immunosuppression. We have shown that epithelial-specific tumor suppressor maspin, an ovalbumin-like non-inhibitory serine protease inhibitor, reprograms tumor cells toward better differentiated phenotypes by inhibiting HDAC1. Recently, we uncovered a novel function of maspin in directing host immunity towards tumor elimination. In this review, we discuss the maspin and maspin/HDAC1 interplay in tumor biology and immunology. We propose that maspin based therapies may eradicate cancer.
Do glucagonomas always produce glucagon?
Authors: Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai Jacob , Challis Benjamin , Damjanov Ivan , Holst Jens Juul
Published: November 2015

Pancreatic islet α-cell tumours that overexpress proglucagon are typically associated with the glucagonoma syndrome, a rare disease entity characterised by necrolytic migratory erythema, impaired glucose tolerance, thromboembolic complications and psychiatric disturbances. Paraneoplastic phenomena associated with enteric overexpression of proglucagon-derived peptides are less well recognized and include gastrointestinal dysfunction and hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. The diverse clinical manifestations associated with glucagon-expressing tumours can be explained, in part, by the repertoire of tumorally secreted peptides liberated through differential post-translational processing of tumour-derived proglucagon. Proglucagon-expressing tumours may be divided into two broad biochemical subtypes defined by either secretion of glucagon or GLP-1, GLP-2 and the glucagon-containing peptides, glicentin and oxyntomodulin, due to an islet α-cell or enteroendocrine L-cell pattern of proglucagon processing, respectively. In the current review we provide an updated overview of the clinical presentation of proglucagon-expressing tumours in relation to known physiological actions of proglucagon-derived peptides and suggest that detailed biochemical characterisation of the peptide repertoire secreted from these tumours may provide new opportunities for diagnosis and clinical management.
A Thematic and Etymological Glossary of Aquatic and Bird Genera Names in Iranian Bundahišm
Authors: Ghalekhani Golnar , Khaksar Mahdi
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study is to present a thematic and etymological glossary of aquatic and bird genera names which have been mentioned in Iranian Bundahišn. In this research, after arranging animal names in Persian alphabetic order in their respective genus, first the transliteration and transcription of animal names in middle Persian language are provided. Afterwards, the part of Bundahišn that contains the actual animal names and the relevant translations are mentioned. The etymology of every animal name is described by considering the morphemic source. Finally, mention is made of the mythology connected to the animal and the animal category in Iranian Bundahišn (if available), and the way in which the words have changed from Old Persian up to now. Changes in the name of every animal from the ancient languages such as Indo-European, Sanskrit, Old Persian and Avestan to middle languages such as Pahlavi, Sogdian, Khotanese, and Chorasmian and how the name appears in new Iranian languages and dialects such as Behdini (Gabri), Kurdi, Baluchi and Yaghnobi are also referred to.
Examination of the Role of Competitive Advantage in the Relationship between the Marketing Intelligence and Export Performance of the Companies Located in the Industrial Town of Ilam City
Authors: Heidari Hasan Ali , Faroughi Hiva , Khaksar Mansoor
Published: November 2015

The current paper was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of the competitive advantage in the relationship between the marketing intelligence on the export performance within the scope of the activities of the Industrial towns in the city of Ilam. To attain the research goals, as many as 155 people of mangers and experts were selected through simple random method for responding to the research questionnaires. The research sample group responded to the Marketing Intelligence (L.A. Cacciolatti and A. Fearne) and the Competitive advantage and Exports performance (Murray et al) questionnaires on the Likert scale. The data taken from the research questionnaires were analyzed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling and regression analysis. The findings resulting from the data analysis implicated that there is a significant and direct relationship between dimensions of the marketing intelligence (type of information, sources of information, and alternation in using information) and the competitive advantage (r=0.986) and between the competitive advantage and the export performance (r=0.925). The results of the structural equation modeling and regression analysis illustrated that the competitive advantage plays a mediating role in the relationship between the marketing intelligence and export performance of the companies among the industrial companies. The findings suggest that the marketing intelligence will at first result in enhanced competitive advantage of the companies and then the competitive advantage will bring about a boost to the export performance of the companies.
"Coercive Diplomacy" in David Hare's Stuff Happens (2004)
Authors: Sirwah Khaled S.
Published: November 2015

This paper addresses George Bush the junior's decision to invade Iraq in 2003 on the plea of its weapons of mass destructions (WMD's), as delineated in David Hare's Stuff Happens (2004), a docudrama depicting the events following the 9/11 attacks and preceding the US’s invasion of Iraq. The paper explains how Bush deals with the opponents—Colin Powell, the British PM Tony Blair, and Hans Blix—opposing his decision, based on "fabricated" evidence, by employing his father's strategy of coercive diplomacy against them, depending on both his faith and his position as President. Drawing on a postcolonial approach, the analysis of Hare's piece has demonstrated two significant aspects: 1) Bush, implementing such a strategy of coercive diplomacy, has succeeded in achieving his private agenda in invading Iraq; 2) Hare is possessed of the dramatic dexterity of mixing fiction (the significant roles of the nameless fictional characters as well as the unnamed narrator-actors) with facts (the main figures of politics) for supporting play’s different conflicts. The present paper has reached a number of findings. First, the US attacked Iraq, for Bush had to show his people some reaction to the 9/11 attacks. Second, Bush chose Iraq in particular and not North Korea, for instance, for his personal motives. Third, the US's double standard is stressed through the unresolved Israeli/Palestinian conflict negotiated throughout. Fourth, the coercive-diplomacy strategy has always been the US’s means for (il-) legal ends and, thus, this strategy can be considered a postcolonial construct in Hare’s Stuff Happens.
Reflections on a Collaborative Group Approach With Evening Students
Authors: Mirick Rebecca G.
Published: November 2015

Group learning activities are commonly used in undergraduate social work programs. There are high numbers of nontraditional students (i.e., students over 25 years old) in BSW programs, particularly in part- time programs, but the empirical research literature has not examined the experience of group learning activities for this specific group of students. This article uses an evening undergraduate research class to reflect on the fit of a collaborative group learning approach with the needs of nontraditional students. The student feedback on the course structure and functioning of the groups, the instructor's observations, and test scores are included. Although the groups provided support to some students and decreased the workload, there was inequality in the content learning and contribution to the group work. The possible role of nontraditional student status in this experience and recommendations for instructors preparing to use group learning activities with nontraditional students are discussed.
Diseño del manual de certificación de las estaciones reparadoras para la estandarización de procedimientos de mantenimiento de productos aeronáuticos de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Authors: Garzón Monroy Ricardo , Giraldo Restrepo Miguel Angel , Salamanca Herrera Carlos Gustavo
Published: November 2015

El propósito de esta investigación es señalar la normatividad y procedimientos que se necesitan para elaborar el Manual de Certificación de las Estaciones Reparadoras  para la Estandarización de Procedimientos en el Mantenimiento de Productos Aeronáuticos de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana, cuyo propósito es certificar los procesos de las estaciones reparadoras y suministrar al personal de la Jefatura Técnica y de los Grupos Técnicos en las diferentes unidades las herramientas que servirán para evaluar periódicamente y/o certificar las estaciones reparadoras en Colombia, que prestan sus servicios de mantenimiento para mejorar los niveles de calidad y generar una operación segura de las aeronaves con las que cuenta la Fuerza Aérea. Asimismo, el uso del manual permitirá al personal de mantenimiento de las aeronaves y sus componentes tener un respaldo técnico en la toma de decisiones amparadas en los distintos procesos de certificación.
Diseño de un modelo para la optimización de los procesos en el mantenimiento programado aplicado al equipo Casa 212 de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Authors: Sarmiento José Enrique , Espinosa Mario Alejandro , Santos Halver Yecid
Published: November 2015

Este proyecto es el resultado de Ia busqueda constante de un mejoramiento continuo de los procesos que garantizan la calidad total en el mantenimiento aeronautico, concebdo y desarrollado para ser aplicado en el mantenimiento basico de 100 horas o 1A del equipo C-212-300 asignado al grupo técnico del Comando Aéreo de Combate No.2. Es así como se hace un recuento acerca de Ia historia y Ia evolución del mantenimiento aeronautico, Ia normatividad y los metodos de trabajo, el estudio de tiempos y movimientos empleados actualmente, para garantizar Ia eficiencia y seguridad en Ia aviación comercial y militar. De ahí, que se visitó la Base Aerea del Ejercito del Aire Español, SATENA y la Base Aerea de Apiay de Ia Fuerza Aerea Colombiana, quienes t ienen dentro de sus flotas el equipo C-212.
La globalización hoy ¿una tendencia inno-vadora o un escenario de crisis?
Authors: Mancera Castaño José Mauricio
Published: November 2015

Durante los últimos veinte años han tenido lugar en el mundo un conjunto de cambios responsables de la transformación, cada vez más activa de la sociedad global. De esta manera, se ha reconfigurado el poder, a nivel nacional, regional y transnacional, así como de las instituciones y demás actores internacionales. Estos acontecimientos, genéricamente se agrupan en lo que se ha dado a llamar “globalización”, dinamizados de manera significativa por los crecientes desarrollos en el campo de la ciencia y la tecnología con impactos en lo económico, social, político y cultural. El presente artículo busca identificar los aspectos por los cuales la globalización, como proceso de transformación, ha sido enmarcada como una tendencia innovadora que permite dinamizar la relación entre los actores, partiendo desde el análisis del Estado, actor por excelencia, ente que busca optimizar sus beneficios, salvaguardar su soberanía y tener una participación activa en el sistema internacional. Por otro lado, se identifican los elementos que hacen parte del proceso de globalización, mostrándolo como un escenario en crisis. En este sentido, para el desarrollo del presente artículo se aborda el análisis de la globalización desde diversas perspectivas: los resultados globalizadores en el campo político, asociados al Estado, la ciencia, la tecnología y finalmente la economía.
Mejores prácticas en gestión de proveedores a nivel mundial, aplicables al sistema de Administración de la Relación con el Proveedor (ARP) de la Jefatura de Operaciones Logísticas (JOL) de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC)
Authors: Arrazola Aguado Italo
Published: November 2015

Dentro de la administración de la cadena de abastecimiento ó Supply Chain Management (SCM), se destaca la gestión de proveedores como una de las actividades más críticas para su establecimiento efectivo. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo busca aproximarse al estado del arte en gestión de proveedores, utilizando como referencia revistas internacionales especializadas en el tema, ofreciendo así una base de referencia en futuras investigaciones relacionadas. En este sentido, se propone un conjunto de alternativas para estructurar un procedimiento general, que permita la adecuada toma de decisiones en cuanto a los proveedores tanto en la Jefatura de Operaciones Logísticas de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana, como en cualquier organización con el ajuste apropiado.
Apropiación y uso tecnologías ADS-B en el CETAD
Authors: Flórez-Zuluaga Jimmy
Published: November 2015

El transporte aéreo ha venido creciendo en los últimos años, motivo por el cual mantener la seguridad y mejorar el sistema de apoyo a la navegación son retos constantes en el espacio aéreo más congestionado. Una alternativa que ha sido aceptada, a nivel mundial, como ventajosa por sus costos y sus prestaciones, implica la integración de los sistemas satelitales de navegación con sistemas de radiodifusión autónomos en las aeronaves, que han permitido extender la alerta situacional a áreas en las que no se cuenta con cobertura de sistemas CNS/ATM a través de un sistema ADS-B de vigilancia automático dependiente de la aeronave que permite compartir su perfil de vuelo, con aeronaves cercanas y con estaciones de tierra indistintamente. Este sistema se está integrando a los sistemas de vigilancia y control de muchos países, como respuesta a la necesidad de mantener la seguridad aérea en espacios aéreos cada vez más transitados, lo que ha permitido una mejor utilización de las rutas y la disminución de costos operacionales a las empresas. La Fuerza Aérea Colombiana a través del Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Defensa - CETAD, está trabajando en entender y adaptar esta tecnología para poder explotarla en operaciones militares.
Prototipo de simulador de tornado para el combate Aéreo No. 3 (CACOM 3) de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC)
Authors: Cárdenas Cabrera Jorge Mario , Piñeres Espitia Gabriel Darío , Vélez Zapata Jaime
Published: November 2015

Desde los años setenta se han realizado estudios sobre los tornados, enfocados en la recolección de información que permita entender la naturaleza de este fenómeno. Para esto, se han construido dispositivos que recrean el fenómeno a escala y así entender cómo se producen y los efectos que pueden generar.El comando CACOM 3 de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC) ha tomado la iniciativa en este aspecto y se ha dado a la tarea de estudiar este fenómeno, trabajando en el diseño de un simulador de tornados a escala, con base en el ya existente, desarrollado por el phD. Harald Eddens, introdujo modificaciones que permitan, además de generar el fenómeno, medir y controlar a través de dispositivos electrónicos algunas variables ambientales. Estos dispositivos permitirán iniciar estudios desde el comando y servir de apoyo para labores de educación de la población vulnerable en cuanto a entender cómo se forma un tornado.
La necesidad de repensar la educación
Authors: Bermúdez Santana Liliana Marisol
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo generar un proceso de reflexión acerca de la educación superior y su responsabilidad en aportar a la solución de los problemas que afectan a la humanidad. Para ello, se plantea la necesidad de generar una transformación profunda en el sector educativo, en sus planteamientos,en sus modelos conceptuales, en sus prácticas, en sus concepciones del ser humano, de la realidad, del conocimiento y de la interacción, de manera que estas revoluciones conceptuales traigan consigo la implementación de novedosas prácticas, una nueva visión y un modelo educativo pertinente a las necesidades del mundo contemporáneo.
Modelación matemática de una operación aérea de búsqueda
Authors: Roldán Jiménez Diego Gerardo , Ruíz Jorge Mauricio
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se planteará un modelo de distribución de aeronaves de rescate, en una zona geográfica determinada, donde se cree desaparecida una aeronave. En la operación descrita se determinará la cantidad necesaria de aeronaves de búsqueda que deben utilizarse en la operación y la forma cómo deben distribuirse sobre la zona geográfica para maximizar la probabilidad de encontrar la aeronave desaparecida utilizando elementos de la probabilidad clásica.
Estudio analítico de los accidentes de aviación en la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana a través del modelo HFACS para el periodo 1997 - 2007
Authors: Reyes Ávila Teniente Coronel Imelda , Puentes Mora Teniente Coronel Carlos
Published: November 2015

La presente investigación es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo observacional de los accidentes de aviación en la Fuerza A.rea Colombiana, a través del modelo HFACS en el periodo 1997 - 2007, con el fin de determinar la cadena de eventos relacionados con factores humanos que dieron lugar a los siniestros, para sugerir cursos efectivos de acción preventiva a partir del análisis de información. El problema de investigación planteado fue ¿Cuáles son los elementos de factores humanos que el modelo HFACS (Human Factors Analysis Clasification Systems) permite asociar a la ocurrencia de accidentes de aviación en la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana entre 1997 y 2007? Para responder a ello, se realizó un estudio analítico longitudinal retrospectivo utilizando como técnica la observación.
El perfil alar y su nomenclatura NACA
Authors: Pinzón Paz Santiago
Published: November 2015

El perfil alar representa el ADN de la plataforma del ala y otorga las características fundamentales del desempeño aerodinámico en 2-D, medido en coeficiente de sustentación y coeficiente de resistencia. El propósito de este artículo es realizar una introducción a la nomenclatura general NACA de un perfil alar, sus diferencias geométricas y su valoración aerodinámica.
Diseño de un modelo para la automatización del escalonamiento en mantenimiento programado de las aeronaves de instrucción en la Escuela Militar de Aviación
Authors: Mejía Loaiza Jairo Andrés , Niño Suárez Mauricio , Lozano Bastidas Carlos Arturo
Published: November 2015

El propósito de la presente investigación es crear un modelo como herramienta de planeación, que ayude a determinar el correcto escalonamiento de las aeronaves de instrucción, de tal manera que se pueda establecer la cantidad de horas de vuelo por aeronave para distanciar las inspecciones en un mismo equipo de acuerdo con los paràmetros dados por la inspección mayor y así mismo establecer con anticipación los tiempos en tierra de la flota, por mantenimiento programado.

El modelo resultante permitirá definir la cantidad de horas de vuelo asigandas, por periodo, para cada aeronave, durante el lapso de un año. La utilidad de esta herramienta radica en que sòlo requiere los datos diarios del parte de aeronaves para que, mediante los algoritmos lógicos, se pueda cuantificar el tiempo que puede tener la flota en un òptimo distanciamiento y con base en esto planificar las entradas al hangar de una manera gradual para maximizar las horas hombre de mantenimiento. De esta manera se mejora la cadena logìstica, en el àrea de mantenimiento programado.
Importancia de la responsabilidad social de las organizaciones
Authors: Almeida Cantoni Alicia
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo constituye una leve aproximación a la importancia que tiene la responsabilidad social en las organizaciones públicas y privadas, en tanto que éstas contribuyen de una manera u otra a la satisfacción de las necesidades sociales de sus miembros y de la comunidad donde se encuentran.
Una opción para el mejoramiento de las operaciones aéreas
Authors: Pérez Uribe Rafael , Guzmán Alfaro Marcos Manuel
Published: November 2015

En alguna oportunidad el comandante de una base de combate, en su angustia por administrar mejor los recursos a su cargo, se preguntó: ¿Cuáles son las herramientas gerenciales necesarias para administrar efectivamente el personal de pilotos, de tal manera que se asegure el éxito en la planeación, dirección y ejecución de las operacionés aéreas y se garantice su desarrollo dentro de parámetros de calidad, de manera permanente?
¿Puede contribuir la proyección social del programa de la especialización en gerencia de la seguridad aérea al incremento de la demanda del transporte aéreo y su nivel de seguridad?
Authors: Galeano Serpa Alfonso
Published: November 2015

Los estudios a nivel mundial han permitido concluir que el medio de transporte más seguro es el aéreo. El vuelo se convirtió en parte de la vida cotidiana--1500 millones de personas viajan por avión cada año. Para satisfacer esta demanda, diseñadores e ingenieros construyen una generación de aviones capaces de transportar más personas. Los científicos de los accidentes efectúan experimentos y pruebas para garantizar que el próximo vuelo sea más seguro; sin embargo, a pesar de los progresos obtenidos en este respecto, investigaciones recientes en Estados  Unidos arrojaron como resultado que uno de cada ocho viajeros evita volar a toda costa. La percepción de algunas personas es que el transporte aéreo es inseguro, pero la realidad muestra todo lo contrario. Es en este aspecto que el Instituto Militar Aeronáutico, a través de la proyección social en el programa de la Especialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad Aérea puede, por medio del trabajo de los estudiantes, su interacción con los usuarios y aquellas personas que intervienen en las operaciones aéreas, busca generar una cultura que garantice un vuelo seguro y un incremento en el empleo de este medio de transporte.
Manual de seguridad industrial de transporte aéreo de mercancías peligrosas para el Comando Aéreo de Transporte Militar
Authors: Lozano Ramírez Orlando , Salas Guzmán Luis Eduardo
Published: November 2015

Esta investigación incorpora las diferentes normas nacionales e internacionales del transporte de mercancías peligrosas por vía aérea para el Comando Aéreo de Transporte Militar. Se consideran las variables que intervienen en el transporte de mercancías peligrosas, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de carga desde la más elemental hasta llegar al transporte de combustible. Se describen los procedimientos, la clasificación, y las restricciones y prohibiciones.
Tracking y Multitracking Radar
Authors: Flórez Zuluaga Jimmy Anderson
Published: November 2015

Los Sistemas de Defensa Aérea y del Sistema de Control de Mando (C2) son sistemas críticos en el que cada etapa afecta el rendimiento y el error medio del sistema de todos. El Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Aeroespacial para la Defensa - CETAD ha estado trabajando para desarrollar técnicas de rastreo para satisfacer las necesidades de la Fuerza Aérea de Colombia, como se explica en este artículo.