bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Phosphorus Distribution from Sediment of Different Trophic Area of Taihu Lake and its Temporal Changes
Authors: Qu Jian Hang , He Xiao Bing , Li Hai Feng , Zhai Huan Chen , Hu Yuan Sen
Published: March 2013

Phosphorus is the key restraining factor for algal growth and water eutrophication, which is a global problem of environmental pollution. Using a sequential phosphorus extraction method, the phosphorus forms in sediment and their distribution from different trophic area of Taihu Lake (China) and their temporal changes were studied. Results showed that, concentration of Fe-P in sediment was the highest and successively Al-P, which was much higher than that of Ca2-P, Ca10-P, Ca8-P and O-P. All the phosphorus forms were more abundant in sediment 16# of eutrophic lake area, higher than that of moderate eutrophic and the lower-grade trophic area, with the last as relatively the lowest. Phosphorus concentration in June and September was much higher than that of March. Phosphorus in sediment of Taihu Lake had great releasing potential to the overlying water.
Assessment of Compost Maturity by Simple-Barrel Method for Kitchen Waste
Authors: Cheng Kuang Hung , Huang Mei Chuan , Lu Mei Fang , Lin Jim Jui Min
Published: March 2013

Kitchen waste recycling is an environmental friendly measure. Two identical samples of kitchen waste were conducted for composting by the barrel-type of method in this study. Compost produced from these two experiments was analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. No significant difference was found between the compositions of the two kitchen waste samples. The major components of the two kitchen waste samples of this study were water content (averaged 72.7%), followed by combustible constituent (about 25.6%). The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio was between 15 and 25. Compost by the simple barrel method had the average C/N ratio of 12. For the simple barrel method, because its enzyme fermentation lasted longer, the maturity of the compost was better. The compost samples had the average germination rate of 95%, indicating the simple barrel composting method definitely has better maturity. When comparing the compost samples produced in this study to the standards given by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, the simple barrel compost qualified all the criteria. The simple barrel composting method is a convenient and easy method for recycling and processing organic waste, especially kitchen. The compost products, both solid and liquid, can be used for agricultural purposes.
Mixed Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (MACH) of Waste Distiller's Grains (WDG) for Production of Fermentable Sugar
Authors: Ren Hai Wei , Li Jin Ping , Zhang Fei
Published: March 2013

Waste distiller's grains (WDG),a co-product of brewing industry, was an abundant source of biomass that could be hydrolyzed to yield fermentation sugar for the production of fuel ethanol. In this study, hydrolysis of WDG using mixed acid as catalysts was examined with the indices of the concentration of reducing sugar and furfural. The structural characteristics of WDG before and after acid treatment were also discussed by means of SEM, FTIR and XRD. The results indicate that there are 59.32gL-1 reducing sugar under the conditions of 100°C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:12 gmL-1, acid concentrations of 2.0% and time of 120 min, with the conversions rate of 77.38% and 62.50% for hemicelluloses and cellulose, respectively. SEM photographs show that the structural modifications after acid treatment are pronounced in comparison to that of WDG, which present a rigid and compact morphology. A lot of large irregular pores with different sizes and shapes are formed and the structures are also severely distorted resulting in the increasing surface exposure and porosity. Instrumental analyses with FTIR and XRD indicate that the strength of characteristic peaks for corresponding typical functional groups of each component are changed compared with the feedstock, and there is an increase of the crystallinity index when WDG is subjected to the MACH treatment.
Study on Pyrolytic Furnace for Medical Wastes
Authors: Wei Shou Qi , Zhu Si Si , Liu Zhi Jie , Su Zhen Yuan , Li Ming , Chen Xu
Published: March 2013

This paper introduces a kind of removable pyrolytic furnace for the medical wastes based on the combined methods of thermal decomposition and combustion. Use the environmental protection design to minimize the pollution and the secondary pollution. Due to many infectious medical wastes cannot be transported, and must be solved locally, so infectious waste thermal decomposition furnace emerges as the time requires. Based on the thermal decomposition principle to decompose the organic, before combustion, the garbage should be carbonized first, so the original structures of polymer can be destructed, and be transformed into low molecular compounds. Heat it by heating resistance after gasification so it can continues to burn, this can decompose the dioxin and prevent the synthetic of dioxin at the largest degree. Its differential to other equipments is that it using the electric energy, the thermal decomposition furnace is internal of the incinerator in structure, which plays the effect of energy saving, so it is energy conservation and environmental protection. It is easy to install and convenient to use.
Remediation of Contaminated Surface Water by Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs): Lab-Scale Experiments with Four Industrial Wastes as Reactive Media
Authors: Cui Li , Gao Rui , Cheng Fang Qin , Li Jian Feng , Wang Xu Ming
Published: March 2013

Four industrial wastes: iron scraps, ceramsite, fly ash and steel slag were studied as reactive media for COD removal from the Fenhe River. Leaching tests demonstrated that iron scraps and ceramsite were relatively stable compared to steel slag and fly ash. Ca2+ was the main leaching ion. Batch experiment results showed that iron scraps and steel slag had better COD removal efficiency than ceramsite and fly ash. It was also found that the initial pH was important for COD removal and the COD removal efficiency of iron scraps was linearly correlated with the initial pH (R2=0.982). Compared to batch experiments, COD removal was much higher in column tests, which were about 70%, 54%, 46% for iron scraps, steel slag and ceramsite respectively.
The Basic Framework System and Connotation of Chinese Water Culture
Authors: Liu Zhen Hua , Liu Fang
Published: March 2013

At present, water environment pollution and unsafe drinking water is a serious problem,only depending on technology difficult to solve,need for finding ways from cultural perspective. Chinese water culture construction can be roughly divided into four stages, Chinese water culture connotation is analysed, the basic framework system of water culture is puts forward. The basic characteristics of water culture is the cultural relations between human and water based on the water cycle as foundation,the water as the carrier,the water engineering as object. The main body of water culture includes water conservancy culture and water supply and drainage culture,the current water culture construction ignores water supply and drainage culture. Establish the two-stage water culture education system includes the general public and water professionals based on the core of drinking water security concept,which plays a key role in improving the water environment and unsafe drinking water, especially in rural areas.
The Study of Native Plants Water Consumption Characteristic in Gurbantunggut Desert
Authors: Yang Wen Xin , He Xin Lin , Yang Guang , Xu Shuang Dui , Chen Si
Published: March 2013

The plants' sap flow can characterize water transpiration and consumption, reflect water transmission situation and then determine the vegetation ecological water requirement. This paper takes Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix as the research object, adopts thermal diffusion method[1], studies vegetation trunk fluid flow characteristics and the relationship between the meteorological factors. The results show that: (1) Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix's sap flux density are showed obvious diurnal variation rule, there is a "nap" phenomenon. Haloxylon ammodendron's liquid sap flux density of monthly mean performance is July > June >August, and Tamarix is July > August >June. (2) Haloxylon ammodendron's flow start time in cloudy is delayed about 1 ~ 1.5 h or so than in sunny day, and Tamarix is about 0.5 h delay. (3) Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix's fluid sap flux density in each month are significantly related to meteorological factors, through the regression analysis, Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix's trunk liquid sap flux density can make a regression model with meteorological factors.
Analysis on Periodic Characteristic and Dynamic Trend of Water Resources
Authors: Zhang Hai Yan , Wang Xin Min
Published: March 2013

In order to simulate the dynamic trends of the influencing factors of water resources gap and periodic characteristics of the related factors, this paper establishes regional transition model and Error Correct Model as well as state-space model, whose parameters are used to measure the influences and trends. Empirical results implicit that these models fit sample data very well and some useful conclusions can be drawn from these parameters estimation. Different functions of influencing factors between periods of short and adequacy of water supply are showed. It is necessary to arrange consumption use rationally because of its greater percentage when water was scarce. The increasing consumption use becomes the main factor of water shortage.
A Model of Designing Smart Water Market of Chinese Inter-Basin Diversion Project
Authors: Dai Jun
Published: March 2013

This paper put forwards an improved technical path to design SWM for Chinese inter-basin diversion project, taking the institutes of government as an experimental environment, which is thought also need to be designed and tested. Then, a method for designing institutional environment of water market is further explored, by applying the Welfare economics theory，game theory, combined with a prototype, focused on the problem of the initial allocation and transaction of water diversion permission right in China.
The Distribution and Environment Problems of Geothermal Springs in Development and Utilization in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Qinhuangdao Area, China
Authors: Yang Gui Fang , Wang Dong Li , Li Na , Zhuo Sheng Guang
Published: March 2013

Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan- Qinhuangdao area structurally lies in the fault-fold belt before Yanshan orogenic belt. The geothermal springs are divided into two types: the natural outcrop type and the hidden artificial type of heat reservoir, the former of which is controlled by piedmont faulted , extending EW; while the latter of which is controlled by regional structure and geothermal field. Geothermal spring water is low salinity and neutral even low alkaline water, whose chemical type is mainly SO4•HCO3- Na and SO4•Cl•HCO3- Na. As the water is rich in fluoride and multiple heavy metals, it pollutes drinking water, soil, crops in different degree during the development and utilization. H2S and CO2 in the geothermal water also does harm to the atmosphere more or less.
Influence of Suspended Sediment and Sea Surface Temperature on Alga in Changjiang Estuary
Authors: Zhang Xin Feng , Zhang Feng Pan , Chen Xin Jun
Published: March 2013

The main theories of spatial autoregressive model and model selection were used to study the spatial correlation between suspended sediment, sea surface temperature and alga during summer 2011 in Changjiang estuary. The results indicated that: there were significant high spatial autocorrelations in the spatial distributions of suspended sediment, sea surface temperature and alga, respectively; Suspended sediment always had significant and positive spatial correlation effect on the distribution of alga, Sea surface temperature had significant and positive spatial correlation effect on the spatial distribution of alga in June and August, but this effect decreased in July; The spatial distributions of suspended sediment and alga were closely correlated. Suspended sediment was the key dominant factor of the growth and bloom of alga, also the source of nutriment of alga.
Seasonal Variation in the Area of Wuliangsuhai Wetland
Authors: Yu Rui Hong , Liu Ting Xi , Li Zhi Jie , Shang Meng He
Published: March 2013

Wuliangsuhai wetland located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) is selected as the study area to analyze the wetland seasonal variation of Inner Mongolia plateau. According to the growing conditions of water plants and the differences of water depth, the Wuliangsuhai wetland is divided into six typical areas, i.e. open water area, dense water weed area, reed area, swamp area, shallow water area and artificial reed area. The evolution trends and reasons of the six typical areas in terms of the seasonal variation of wetland characteristics are analyzed by using the Landsat TM/ETM data, the historical data and in-situ survey data. The purpose of the study is to find out the eutrophication control theory and technique measurements in the year. Due to the similar geographical and climatic conditions, the study results of Wuliangsuhai wetland can be expanded to other wetlands of Inner Mongolia plateau.
The Influence Factors of Perennial Outbreak Algal Bloom in Xiangxi Bay Upstream
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ji Dao Bing , Liu De Fu , Xie Tao , Huang Yu Ling , Xiong Chao Jun , Hu Nian San
Published: March 2013

To study the influence factors of perennial outbreak blooms in Xiangxi Bay (XXB) upstream, field data of Chlorophyll a (Chl.a) and TN and TP, and sediment concentration,2010. The result show: the Chl.a concentration is higher in XXB upstream, January until the end of September is particularly serious, XX10 Chl.a concentration was 227.84 mg/m3 in Feb.7, XX07 Chl.a concentration was 215.98 mg/m3 in June.2; the high levels of nutrient from upstream flow is the main cause of perennial outbreak blooms in XXB upstream, and at the same time, the slope density current and adverse slope density flow also have a great influence to it.
Simulation Analysis of Rotary Steering Pump-Control Hydraulic System
Authors: Chen Guang Fu , Yao Xiao Xian , Li Si Bao
Published: March 2013

The traditional valve control hydraulic systems have serious challenges in the harsh environment underground. The mathematical model of this new form of "motor - quantitative pump" controll system was established and simulated by using AMESIM software in this paper. According to the results of comparative analysis of the orifice parameters and the way to input signal, related parameters was determined, which can meet the characteristics of the system.
Design and Analysis of Magneto-Rheological Dampers under Impact Loads
Authors: Han Xiao Ming , Bo Yu Cheng , Li Qiang , Huang Ji
Published: March 2013

In order to improve recoil mechanism’s buffering function of automatic weapon, using Newton’s second law, its recoil movement is analyzed and design model of magneto-rheological (MR) damper under impact loads is built. Structure parameter and control strategy are defined. Dampers’ characteristic curves at different magnetizing currents and different recoil speeds are tested on a damper indicator test bench. Some weapon’s recoil forces are artificially computed. The research results indicate that MR dampers have a perfect damping plateau effect. Recoil force of automatic weapon will be reduced by a big margin using the property that MR fluid can change at applied magnetic to control damping rules.
Research on Improved Thermal Inertia Model for Retrieving Soil Moisture
Authors: Liu Zhen Hua , Zhao Ying Shi , Hu Yue Ming
Published: March 2013

Soil moisture is one of the most important land environmental variables, relative to land surface climatology, hydrology, and ecology. A method to estimate soil moisture content from optical and thermal spectral in-formation of ASTER imagery based on thermal inertia is presented in this paper. Compared to models published previously, four improvements have been made: (1) as a key component of soil surface energy balance, the series two-layer is applied to solving soil latent and sensible heat flux in the better-covered vegetation area. And the Shuttleworth and Wallace (S-W) ET model is used to simulate soil latent flux; (2) because component temperature inversion is still an ill-posed problem, genetic inverse algorithm (GIA) is used to realize retrieval of component temperature; (3) in order to extend the scope of the thermal inertia model, B in the equation is derived from mechanism; (4) to eliminate partly atmospheric and the surface structure influence, the improved thermal inertia was normalized to fulfill the inversion of soil moisture. Taking YingKe green land in china for example, field experiment were carried out to validate the developed model. The method successfully estimated better-covered vegetation region surface soil moisture with an average error of 0.067. This model provides a new way of thinking about remote sensing thermal inertia methods to acquire regional-scale soil moisture.
Using Magnetic Measurements to Trace Sediment Sources in Jiangjiagou Valley of Yunnan Province
Authors: Jia Song Wei
Published: March 2013

Jiangjiagou valley is an area with most developed debris flow valleys in China. Based on Jiangjiagou valley, according to the difference of magnetic characteristics in sediment and soil, this paper studied quantitatively the sediment sources. The results showed that sediments mainly came from landslide debris, accounting for 97.56%; the contributive ratio of grassland and sloped farmland for main channel sediments was very low. It was accordance with using 137Cs tracer technique. But there are still some limitations, and further strengthen research and discussion with combination of 137Cs isotope tracing.
The Earth’s Critical Zone Science and its Research Progress
Authors: Zhang Wei Hua , Yang Yan , Jin Jun Ying
Published: March 2013

A promising and involving interdisciplinary concept-the earth’s critical zone science is introduced in this paper. Within the earth’s Critical Zone, the coupled chemical, physical and biological processes which define Earth’s weathering engine are driven by climatic, anthropogenic, and tectonic forcing. Followed by the concept and specific questions related to the critical zone were given. Finally, current research in order to understand the Critical zone was reviewed.
Mobilisation of N and P from Agricultural Land and its Impact on Stream Water Quality in Karst Hilly Areas, Southwestern China
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhu Jian , Luo Hai Bo , Liu Yuan Sheng
Published: March 2013

In order to evaluate the impacts of N and P mobility from agricultural soils on surface water quality, the dissolved N and P concentrations in the runoff, the drainage and stream waters nearby agricultural lands were investigated at the karst hilly regions in central Guizhou Province. The results shown that the concentrations of NO3−, NH4+ and PO43− in the runoff from upland soils were 9.8~22.1 mg L−1, 0.429~0.818 mg L−1 and 0.025~0.052 mg L−1, respectively, and higher concentrations of NO3− (14.5~25.3 mg L−1) in the drainage waters from paddy soils. In karst areas, the concentrations of NO3− in the stream waters nearby agricultural lands was 14.9~28.5 mg L−1, as indicated by high concentration of NO3− compared with the Grade III of Surface Water Quality Standard of China, suggesting a eutrophication problem for surface water nearby agricultural lands with intensive cultivation.
Legal Framework of Ecosystem Approach in China
Authors: Wang Xiao Jun
Published: March 2013

China has made great progress in environmental legislation following the Ideal of Ecosystem Approaches since the late of 1970s. With the increasingly serious problems of pollution and ecosystem deterioration which were produced by development of economy, the new generation of the Chinese leaders attaches more importance to environmental protection work than before and carry out various legal measures to practice the Ecosystem Approaches. In the next decades, China would make more brilliant achievements both on central and local level relates to the environmental legal issues.
Applying the Precautionary Principle in the Risk Management of Invasive Species via Ballast Water
Authors: Tang Yan
Published: March 2013

In marine and coastal environments, commercial shipping ballast water is considered to be the most relevant transfer vector of invasions world wide. There are many uncertainties in the management of invasive species. Consideration of the uncertainties is crucial for the determination of the most appropriate management strategies to address this highly variable problem. The traditional risk management has many limitations by administrative complexness and important uncertainties. In order to make risk management more effective, this paper discuss that how to apply the precautionary principle in the risk management of invasive species.
Consumers’ Green Purchasing Decision Based on Preference for Product Attributes: Taking the Rolling Paper for Example
Authors: Su Xiu Mei , Li Jian Xin , Tang Jun
Published: March 2013

The consumers’ green purchasing decision is the process of matching their own needs and the attributes of the products. Conjoint analysis was used to analyze how the attributes such as the brand, the price, the raw materials, the environmental certification and the fluorescent additives of the rolling paper affect its purchase on the basis of the data from a survey among the consumers in Changsha. The study measured the relative importance of each attribute to the consumers’ decisions and the utilities of the levels of the attributes to consumers. Results showed that the differences of the consumers’ preference can provide strong basis for product management of the corporation.
Effect of Idling Stops on Red Light at Signalized Intersection under Random Arrival
Authors: Wu Jiann Sheng , Hsieh Wen Chien
Published: March 2013

Aiming at the issues of global warming and climate change, this research proposed three kinds of models to evaluate the effect of idling stops, expressed as the idling stop time, on red light at signalized intersection under random arrival of vehicles. The first one evaluates the maximum idling stop time, whereas the second one focuses on the idling stop time conditioned by an acceptable remaining red time. The third one is then used to estimate the increment of the idling stop time as the driver’s willingness for idling stop is raised, i.e. the acceptable remaining red time drops. The results of a case study show that the idling stops will really help to improve the energy saving and carbon reduction due to the occurrence of a large amount of idling stop time. The maximum IST can reach 42,938 hrs during the off-peak period on holidays in a year. Although the increment of the idling stop time seems insignificant by the case, it would become remarkable and significant when the evaluation base is extended to all approaches, and all intersections.
Antibiotic Effects of Four Exogenous Phenolic Acids on Soilborne Pathogen, Cylindrocarpon destructans
Authors: Sun Jia Man , Fu Jun Fan , Zhou Ru Jun , Yan Xue Rui
Published: March 2013

Cylindrocarpon root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans is a serious disease on ginseng (Panax ginseng) in northeast China. Some allelochemicals (phenolic acids) from root exudates and decaying residues of ginseng plant may be related to Cylindrocarpon root rot. The antibiotic effects of phenolic acids on Cylindrocarpon destructans were studied to investigate the relationships between the phenolic acids and the fungus in the plant-microbe interaction. Results show that the hyphal growth of C. destructans was inhibited by salicylic, cinnamic and benzoic acid. At the highest concentration (1600 μg ml-1) of salicylic and cinnamic acid, the colony diameter of C. destructans decreased by 32.47% and 23.78%, respectively. C. destructans growth was powerfully repressed by benzoic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. However, activities of phytopathogenic enzymes (pectinase and cellulase) were greatly stimulated by the phenolic acids. It was concluded that phenolic acids inhibited the growth of C. destructans but dramatically stimulated activities of hydrolytic enzymes of C. destructans.
Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms and Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobium – Mini Review
Authors: Zhang Shu Qing , Li Jian Feng , Shi Shang Li , Huo Ping Hui , Wen Wu Wu , Yin Jie , Zhou Sha , Liu Qing , Gao Yang
Published: March 2013

Phosphorus is the main nutrient element for plant growth, whereas most of phosphate in soil is fixated by calcium, aluminum, iron and organic compounds. Available phosphate deficiency has been the main limiting factor that influences the yield and quality of agricultural products. P solubilizing microorganisms have been widely reported of solubilizing different forms of insoluble phosphates. P solubilizing Rhizobium, especially for strains with the ability of secreting 3-Indole acetic acid, which is also capable of fixating N and inoculation, is found excellent in promoting growth and yield of legume crops, which decreases the cost of agricultural production and the side effect of P application to the environment. The mechanism and amount range of P solubilization for Rhizobium are varied among strains. These results and phenomena from different studies are discussed in this paper.
The Synthesis and Characterization of N-Butyl Pyridine Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Tian Peng , Meng Bo , Zhang Hong Bo , Qin Tian Ling , Song Yang Yang , Zhang Zhao Zhao
Published: March 2013

The halogenated hydrocarbon and pyridine are used in the synthesis of room temperature ionic liquid intermediates chlorinated N-butyl pyridine BPC, and the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument and the intermediate infrared spectrometer are used in chemical structure characterization, so it is determined that the synthesis is the room temperature ionic intermediates BPC. We use differential scanning calorimetric method for the determination of BPC melting point and enthalpy change. We use the double decomposition reaction of BPC and NaBF4 in acetone for the synthesis of BP-BF4ionic liquids. We use infrared spectrometer for the structure characterization, it is proved that we have gotten BP-BF4room temperature ionic liquids. Solvent polarity and acid alkali both will have an influence on ultraviolet spectrum diagram displacement of room temperature ionic liquid, so in the research of ultraviolet spectrum diagram of ionic liquids and other solvent mixed solution, it is necessary to indicate which solvent is used.
Etropy Problem Simulation in Landscape Ecology Assessment Based on GIS – A Case Study of Landscape Conservation Value Assessment in Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Kieu Quoc Lap , Wu Xin Cai , Nguyen Tien Thanh
Published: March 2013

The Etropy problem has been widely applied in the assessment and analysis of landscape ecology. Research results are just at the indicators, not able to describe the spatial distribution of the landscape. In this paper, we will simulate the results of the application Etropy problem in landscape assessment based on a GIS. A GIS is used to store the information of layers on landscape structure, indicator analysis and map-layer assessment. This is a new research direction, research results of Etropy problem will be simulated by the evaluation map. Research have been applied in Sa Pa area - one of Vietnam's most mountainous district. Research results shown the landscape diversity in the research area and landscape area identification to be conserved.
Planning Study of Economic and Social Development of Urban Street Regions Based on GIS Analysis Techniques
Authors: Zheng Li Na , Zuo Chang An , He Yue Wu , Sun Xiao Fei , Liu Ming
Published: March 2013

Tianjin is now engaged in the drawing up of the latest five-year plan, and taking this opportunity, this article studies the economic and social development of street regions based on GIS analysis techniques. With the case study of Changzhou Road in Hedong District, the author endeavors to explore a new social development pattern by changing the focus to street regions.
The Study of Vibration Diagnosis Method for GIS
Authors: Ding Pei , Yan Zhen Hua , Ma Fei Yue , Zhang Liang , Li Jun Hao , Li Yan Ming
Published: March 2013

Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) will generate vibration during normal operation for the electromagnetic force. There will be generate abnormal vibration when the contacts are undesirable, the guide rod stressed unevenness. Therefore, it can be effective in fault diagnosis of this machineries through the vibration test of GIS in field. The vibration detection method of GIS equipment in field is studied in this paper, the composition of the vibration detection system is described. The field test has been done using vibration detection system and the test results show that through the vibration signal detected from the GIS equipment, the vibration characteristics of GIS can be clarified and make the fault diagnosis effectively.
Calculation of Radiation Signal of Rocket Plume after Atmospheric Attenuation Using Wide Band K-Distribution Model
Authors: Yin Xue Mei , Ma Qiu Yang , Wu Xue Hong , Gong Yi , Lu Yan Li
Published: March 2013

The calculation of the gas radiation process plays an important role in the study of atmospheric remote sensing and climatic effects of greenhouse gas. The remote sensing of rocket plume has important significance for early warning, interception, detection, identification and tracking of flight vehicle. A model was established to calculate the remote sensing signal of rocket plume by wide band k-distribution, the liquid rocket plume remote sensing signals in atmospheric window region and the detectors’ working spectrum are calculated, and the results were compared with the results calculated by line-by-line approach. The results showed that in some of the detectors’ working spectral regions, the wide band k-distribution model can be used for the calculation of the remote sensing of liquid rocket engine exhaust plume.
GPRS-Based Network of Underground Gas Pipeline Leak Detection System
Authors: Li Xing Quan , Guo Chang , Gao Si Jing
Published: March 2013

This article describes the overall structure and components of the gas leak detection system for underground pipe network, proposed difficulties and solutions that exist in the system design process, analyzed how to use the existing wireless GPRS network and gas sensing technology, real-time monitoring of the underground pipe network gas leak from the means of detection, data transmission, measures to combat environmental aspects.
Adaptability Evaluation Index System Construction between Highway Construction and Regional Socio-Economic Development – Taking Heilongjiang Province as an Example
Authors: Hua Rui
Published: March 2013

Highway construction is currently in a period of rapid development, and construction planning is whether to adapt to the regional economic and social development needs, which is a standard and the future development construction plan important basis, therefore the objective, comprehensive evaluation of the highway construction and the development of society and economy adaptability problem is very timely and necessary. In this paper, based on the principal component analysis method, AHP, evaluation index system of highway construction and regional socio-economic development adaptability evaluation system was established to evaluate the adaptability of highway construction and development of regional social economy in Heilongjiang province, to provide decision-making reference for the future development of Heilongjiang province highway construction.
How the Innovation Resources Developed when a City Became an Innovative City
Authors: Chen Ti , Yu Jin Tian
Published: March 2013

Making existing cities develop more innovatively is an urgent priority in globalization for city sustainable and healthy development. The built up of innovative city is based on the traditional urban which progressed by its original factors of production, after constantly enriches its innovation resources and enhances its innovation capability, then becomes successful innovative city. The accumulation of innovation resources is the foundation of the innovation ability, so the evaluation analysis on the city’s innovation resources could explain the developmental status of the innovative city on the one hand. This paper first introduced the formation symbols and condition of the innovative city, specifically explained the significance of the innovation resources’ accumulation during the innovative city forming processes. And then took the innovative city evolution of Hong Kong as an example, analyzed the development and change of the innovation resources index in the latest decades by the use of mathematical models, summarized the forming processes of innovative city from innovation resources aspect, and the different characteristics during the forming stages.
Urban Planning Development in Complex Combination Networks
Authors: Bai Quan Yong
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we proposed some applied research methods about Chinese urban economic development in complex combination networks, such as the economy force and economy growth momentum in general non-linear economy force control system, general synergetic structure theory, Steiner minimum weighted networks, and economics scale degree. These research methods were applied to illustrate and analyze Chinese urban economic phenomena with Ising model in complex combination networks, which helped us to understand Chinese economic problems better and made some suggestions for urban economic development.
Research on Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Chongqing ReBAM
Authors: Zhou Ji Xia , Peng Li , Guan Dong Jie
Published: March 2013

The rural tourism in our country is one kind of quite novel traveling form, its market demand is rising with our country urbanization advancement’s acceleration and Population structure’s change. It is a special traveling project with depending on agriculture. This article elaborates three ReBAM by Chaotianmen for center, analyses the condition of rural tourism in Chongqing ReBAM and appraises rural tourism with choosing evaluation factor. At last, it proposes suggestion and opinion on rural tourism’s Sustainable Development.
Enhancing Aquatic Plant Uptake of PAHs Using Environment-Friendly Surfactant Alkyl Polyglucoside(APG)
Authors: Liu Fa Hui , Wang Chuan Hua , Liu Xiao Yan , Liang Xia , He Chi Quan
Published: March 2013

Aquatic plant, Scirpus triqueter, uptake of PAHs was investigated with test time for periods of 336h. The effect of APG, an environment-friendly surfactant, on the plant uptake and distribution characteristics of PAHs in root and shoot of the plant were detected. Concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in the Scirpus triqueter root increased sharply at the early stage and reached the peak at 16 h, but in shoots elevated significantly and reached the peak at 48h. APG did not show any apparent phytotoxity toward the growth of Scirpus triqueter in the test concentration range. APG(≤30 mg L-1) can enhance the root uptake and root concentration factors (RCF) of phenanthrene in plant, whereas APG(>30 mg L-1) may inhibit the PAHs uptake by the plant. Results indicate that the APG would be a preferred selection for the application of surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation and optimal concentration should be determined before the application of APG.
Calculation and Analysis of China’s Residential Pool Area
Authors: Du Lin Tao , Zhao Jian Bin
Published: March 2013

Based on the newly issued Code for Design of Residential Buildings (GB50096—2011), it is researched in this essay how pool area is influenced in residential buildings. Through calculation and analysis of a practical case, it is concluded that factors like built-up usable areas, residents on each floor, designing, and height of residential building all attribute to the final result of pool area.
Evaluation of the Urbanization Quality and Analysis of Improving Countermeasures of the Shi Yang River Basin
Authors: Liu Hai Long , Shi Pei Ji , Chen Li , Liu Hai Meng
Published: March 2013

This paper constructed the urbanization quality assessment system about the quality of urbanization from four aspects on the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign, the economy, the people's livelihood, urban and rural integration and sustainable development, and evaluated the urbanization quality of six districts (counties) of Shi Yang River Basin in 2001—2010 using the entropy value method. Evaluation results showed that, the urbanization quality of Shi Yang River Basin was rising and the space distribution differences are significant. Economic competition degree, people happiness degree, urban and rural integrated degree and sustainable development degree together decided the urbanization quality of the Shi Yang River Basin. But the contribution function varied and there was not the corresponding relation with each other. It should improve the urbanization quality and promote the healthy and rapid urbanization pushing in the construction of urbanization of the s Shi Yang River Basin from the characteristic industrial development, the livelihood of the people project construction, the coordination of urban and rural development and urban ecological environment construction.
Integrated Design of the Underground Commercial Space：A Case Study of the Central Area in Lanzhou City
Authors: Bi Xiao Li , Wu Guan Ye , Zhang Han
Published: March 2013

The underground commercial space is an important part of urban commercial facilities in modern city. This paper focuses on the underground commercial space in Lanzhou, one of northwest China's largest cities. Firstly, it discusses the function of urban underground commercial space in Lanzhou city. Secondly, it analyzes the development process, geographical distribution, development model and other aspects of the study. Finally, the study suggests the user-friendly design instead of a single form for the underground commercial space. And also proposes a 3-D development model to integrate the ground and underground in the subway transfer points.
Research on Dynamic Evaluation of Urbanization Development Level in TianJin
Authors: Wang Shi Tong , Hou Xin Hua , Chen Jun Yan , Gong Wei
Published: March 2013

Evaluation of the urbanization is a complicated systematic engineering, which involves population, economy, society, environment, etc. This paper estimated the urbanization level in Tianjin in terms of economic urbanization, industrial structure urbanization, population urbanization and life style urbanization using 14 sub-indexes. Having extracted 3 components with principal component analysis method, this paper inspected the degree of urbanization in Tianjin by utilizing correlation analysis to analyze the integrated scores from principal component analysis method and population urbanization using single index. Then it offered some suggestions based on the current status of development, which provided some reference for the further development of Tianjin urbanization.
Research on Layout Planning of the Integrative Passenger Transit Transfer Hub in City
Authors: Wu Jun , Chen Wei Dong , Jia Hua Fei , Li Cheng Bing
Published: March 2013

In the background of the integration, how to scientifically and reasonably distribute transfer hub becomes the problem urgent to be solved for traffic experts. First of all, this paper puts forward research ideas; second, it expounds the influence factors of layout planning of the integrative passenger transit transfer hub in city, before transfer hub site evaluation, we first establish the selections of transfer hub distribution, and on this basis, evaluation index system of the integrative transfer hub layout is built; after this, a entropy weight-based extension decision model is set up by application of the dynamic multiple valued background principle and the rough set theory; finally, taking the Haidian District of Beijing as an example, the model and algorithm of the subject are validated.
The Sensitivity Analysis of the Investment Decisions of the Coal Industry under the Restriction of Water Resources
Authors: Qiu Li Xin
Published: March 2013

For investment decision in the coal industry under the background of specific resources and environment in northwest, the influence of coal processing and conversion on water environment was studied, and the evaluation index system on water environmental influence was established. The TOPSIS method was used to assess the influence of air cooled generating electricity, indirect liquefaction of coal and coal-based methanol on water environment in northwest. For the evaluation results, sensitivity of the weight on the objective was discussed, and the range of various weights of the resources and environmental indicators was gained, and sensitivity analysis of sort stability about the optimal and sub-optimal program was done.
Greenway: Origin, Planning Features and Significance
Authors: Zhao Xiao Gang , Pan Ying
Published: March 2013

Large-scale greenway planning and construction have been developing for more than 30 years in Europe and the United States. But in China,it is a new topic which has just been noted for few years. With the the development of the research and practice, many countries in the world have been aware of that the greenway planning and construction is a significant measure for the prosperity of the country. This article reviews the origin of the greenway planning, discuss the definition, phase classification, planning features and its significance. The auther hopes it can contribute to the theoretical innovation and practice of greenway planning in China.
Time and Space Warp Characteristics of Resources Utilization
Authors: Cai Yi Ming
Published: March 2013

We are able to recognize an interesting characteristic of resource utilization by means of time definition and analysis of human utilization of resources. The characteristic is that the utilization of resources have the characteristics of time and space warp from both the view points of depth space resource of the time concept of time-point, the time concept of time-point circulation and circulation of point-to-point in one hand, and also breadth space resource of the short-term periodic time cycle, medium-time periodic time cycle and long-time periodic cycle in the other.
Characteristics of the Overpressure Resulted from Hydrocarbon Generation
Authors: Hu Hai Yan , Wang Hui
Published: March 2013

Overpressure is often encountered in the Jurassic tight sandstones in the central Junggar Basin. In this studt, a new mechanism of overpressure formation related to gas generation is proposed. Organic-rich mudstones have sonic velocity well-line reserves but their densities continue to increase in the over-compacted mudstone system resulting in the overpressure development during the conversion of the organic matter to oil and gas. The top of the overpressure zone correlates with the depth required for a large quantity of gas generation in which the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) is about 0.7%, showing that the overpressure in organic-rich mudstones is closely associated with gas generation.
Identification of Complex Ancient Volcanic in Carboniferous, Northern Xinjiang
Authors: Gu Xin Ping , Chen Zhong Hong , Zha Ming , Kong Yu Hua , Jiang Ru Feng , Yang Meng Yun
Published: March 2013

Based on recent exploration of Carboniferous volcanic of Kelameili gas field in Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang, a series of technology have been formed to identify lithology and lithofacies of complex ancient volcanic. Carboniferous volcanic types in this gas field are complicated and diversified; the identical lithology is different in texture, structure and component, as well as relevant typical characteristics, making it hard to identify lithology and lithofacies. According to the observation from 16 wells in Ludong area with 92 tubes of cores, 235 typical pictures and 631 sections, the article denominated the volcanic lithology. The lithologic and electric relationship of volcanic were built by the data of cores, sections and calibration logging, which laid a foundation for building the volcanic lithologic-electric plate. Density-gamma crossplot, acoustic-gamma crossplot and resistivity-gamma crossplot in Ludong area are made, and several complex volcanic types are identified, such as rhyolites, basalts, basaltic volcanic breccias, andesites and andesitic firing breccias. Through logging-seism-combined identification technology of volcanic lithofacies, the seismic properties of different volcanic types are distinguished, finally the distribution of explosive facies, outflow facies and volcanic sendimentary facies are divided both on plane and profile.
Influence of Pressure on Application of Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure for Determining Coal Compressibility
Authors: Guo Xiao Qian , Liu Da Meng , Yao Yan Bin , Cai Yi Dong , Li Jun Qian
Published: March 2013

Mercury injection capillary pressures (MICP) on the coal samples were measured with a variety of pressure regimes. The goal was to compare the effects of different pressure regimes for determining the compressibility of the coal. The two samples were taken from Northeast China. MICP profiles up to 204 MPa were measured on two different crushed samples of the same size. Three linear regimes namely, at 10-40 MPa, 40-100 MPa and P>100 Mpa are defined, corresponding with the diameters of mesopore and microspore. The standard deviations of the compressibility values were less than 20%. The results from the present study suggest that the different pressure regimes affect the compressibility values slightly.
Coalseam Thickness Analysis with Geostatistics
Authors: Miao Xiao Hu , Jia Xiu Ming
Published: March 2013

When we treat coalseam which is thicker and complicated, we can use kriging modeling coalseam and interlayer, then we minus prediction surface; by comparing different effect between traditional method and geostatistics to reserves calculation and coalseam thickness prediction, the paper shows advantage of using of geostatistics in analysis of coalseam thickness and bring a new method of treating coalseam containing many dirt bands.
The Physical and Chemical Properties Changes of Broth during Phellinus fermentation
Authors: Zhu Zi Ping , Chen Jian Zhong , Lv Bei Bei , Tang Xue Ming
Published: March 2013

The physical and chemical properties changes of broth in the fermentation process of Phellinus and its mutant strain were studied. The results showed that the mycelia yield of the two strains of Phellinus increased rapidly in the first 6 days and increased slowly 6 days later, the soluble protein content of broth took on an increasing trend, up to 0.15 mg/mL and 0.13 mg/mL respectively, the variation tendency of the content of polysaccharide and viscosities of broth were semblable, that was declined in the initial stage of fermentation and change little in later stage. The physical, chemical properties and viscosities show similarity in both two strains’ broth, therefore, the physical and chemical properties of broth in the fermentation process of Phellinus changed regularly.
Construction of Sibling Frame with Dilation Factor A
Authors: Wen Xue Bing
Published: March 2013

Frame theory is an important field of wavelets analysis research, also a hot issue. In this paper, we give a sufficient and necessary of sibling frame with dilation factor a from vanishing-moment recovery function. This condition provides a method of designing sibling frame with vanishing-moment.