bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of idebenone in stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment, and its effect on regional homogeneity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Juan
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Idebenone in stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment, and its effect on regional homogeneity (ReHo) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of the brain.

Methods: One hundred and twenty stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of the China Rehabilitation Research Center Beijing Boai Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into control group and study group. Control group was treated with nimodipine, while the study group received a combination of nimodipine and idebenone.

Results: Clinical efficacy was higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Scores on Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and activity of daily living scale (ADL) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in both groups after treatment, but scores for MoCA and ADL were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, there were significantly more patients with improved clinical dementia rating (CDR)in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The use of idebenone and nimodipine for treatment of stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction leads to significant improvement in clinical outcomes, and enhancement of cognitive function and quality of life, due to improved brain function in the precuneus. However, the mechanism involved in the combination therapy-induced enhancement of cognitive function requires further investigation.

Keywords: Stroke; Cognitive dysfunction; Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain; Regional homogeneity; Quality of life
Effect of combined vitamin D and microwave ablation of parathyroid glands on blood pressure and cardiac function in maintenance-hemodialysis patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zhu Xinghua , Li Yingyu , Chen Lu , Du Chunli , Hou Jingyuan , Zhang Ailing , Qiu Baozhen , Li Jiaying
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of microwave ablation of parathyroid glands in combination with active vitamin D on blood pressure and cardiac function in maintenance-hemodialysis patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: One hundred and twenty maintenance-hemodialysis patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism admitted to Meizhou People’s Hospital were assigned to 2 groups (A and B) in the order of their admission. Each group had 60 patients. Both groups were treated with active vitamin D, while patients in group A were, in addition, subjected to microwave ablation of parathyroid glands. Blood pressure, and indices for cardiac function, thyroid function s and anemia were determined.

Results: After treatment, the blood pressure of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (p < 0.05). Moreover, after treatment, there were significant improvements in indices of cardiac function, thyroid function and anemia in group A patients, relative to group B patients.

Conclusion: Microwave ablation of parathyroid glands, when combined with active vitamin D, improves blood pressure, cardiac function and anemia status. Furthermore, the combined therapy enhances recovery of thyroid function in maintenance-hemodialysis patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, the combined therapy should be subjected to further clinical trials prior to application in clinical practice.

Keywords: Microwave ablation; Parathyroid glands; Active vitamin D; Hyperparathyroidism
Effect of sevoflurane post-conditioning on apoptosis and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in lung tissue of cardiopulmonary bypass dogs
Authors: Chen Song , Luo Junli , Dou Xuejiao , You Lu , Li Dong , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effects of sevoflurane post-conditioning on the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in lung tissues of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) dogs.

Methods: Twelve healthy hybrid mongrels were divided into control (C) and sevoflurane postconditioning (S) groups. All dogs were subjected to thoracotomy in order to establish CPB. Ischemiareperfusion was conducted in the left lung of both groups. Thereafter, sevoflurane post-conditioning was given to group S. Femoral artery blood specimens were obtained prior to CPB (T1), as the left pulmonary artery was opened (T2), and 2 h after CPB (T3), for blood gas analysis. Respiration index (RI), oxygenation index (OI), and dynamic lung compliance (Cd) were calculated.

Results: When T1 was compared with T2 and T3, their OI and Cd were significantly decreased in both groups, while RI showed the opposite trend (p < 0.05). Values of OI and Cd at T3 in group S were increased significantly, relative to group C, while RI decreased (p < 0.05). There were less lung tissue inflammation and structural disorder at T3 in Group S than in group C. Protein expressions and positive integral of Bcl-2 and Bax, and apoptosis at T2 and T3 in dog lung tissues of both groups were higher than those at T1 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Post-conditioning with sevoflurane is lung-protective in CPB dogs. The underlying mechanism may be based on the promotion of Bcl-2 expression and inhibition of Bax expression, thereby reducing apoptosis in dog lung tissue. Further investigations to determine its suitability for clinical applications in humans are, however, required.

Keywords: Sevoflurane; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Bcl-2, Bax; Apoptosis; Pulmonary ischemiareperfusion injury
Scientific Consensus, Doctrinal Paradox and Discursive Dilemma
Authors: Lauer Helen
Published: August 2022

Global ignorance about Africa continues to sustain inappropriate global interventions to resolve public health crises, often with disastrous consequences. To explain why this continues to happen, I marshal two theorems that predict basic statistical properties, called ‘the doctrinal paradox’ and ‘the discursive dilemma’, which underlie scientific consensus formation and evidence-based decision making on a global scale. These mathematical results illuminate the epistemic and material injustices committed by the protocols of medical research conducted at the highest level of global knowledge production in the service of international humanitarian aid for Africans. These social choice theorems reveal that a global scientific consensus projecting claims and proposing policies about Africa’s disease burden is likely to yield a low degree of reliability, in that the probability of its accuracy is less than chance. The solution to this anomaly is to remove from the global scientific agenda the statistically unrealisable demand of satisfying too many multinational corporate and foreign governments’ priorities as equally entitled to benefit from the knowledge produced to improve Africa’s public health sector. Instead, foreign funding targeted to support medical science and policy in Africa should be directed by those specialists in situ who are most familiar with their own national health challenges and potential solutions, rather than relying upon foreign decision makers to interpret Africa’s emergency public health care needs.

     

Keywords

Doctrinal paradox, discursive dilemma, scientific consensus, epistemic trust, global health ethics, group agency
African Jurisprudence as Historical Co-extension of Diffused Legal Theories
Authors: Komolafe Leye
Published: August 2022

African jurisprudence, like African philosophy, continues to be hotly debated. This article contends that the debate straddles the uniqueness claim which either emphasises the existence or possibility of a peculiar legal framework on the continent, and a historical co-extensional position reiterating that African jurisprudence is a continuum of other legal traditions. The article argues that there is no uniquely African jurisprudence, and that what obtains within the structures of jurisprudence on the continent also exists within various legal traditions elsewhere, and as such can at best be described as ‘jurisprudence in Africa’ rather than ‘African jurisprudence’. It defends this thesis through analytic and comparative explications of the content of natural law theory and legal positivism as experienced on the continent. It concedes that relics of the colonial legal experience create contestations that inform scholars’ calls for a return to traditional legal systems. It concludes that a reconstructive jurisprudence in Africa must take cognisance of the continent’s historical and evolutionary legal experiences, but that a unified or monolithic theory may not be sufficient to address the choice of functional jurisprudence.

 

Keywords

African jurisprudence, jurisprudence in Africa, African legal evolution, diffused legal theories
Colonialism and the Repression of Nairobi African Women Street Traders in the 1940s
Authors: Ngesa Pamela Olivia , Kiruthu Felix , Ndeda Mildred J.
Published: August 2022

By the 1940s, the Municipal Council of Nairobi had enacted a host of By-Laws to control the presence of Africans, especially women, and had set up several agencies to implement them. Consequently, women street vendors were not only denied access to legal trade, but remained unwanted in the town except under very special circumstances. Nonetheless, pushed by their adversity, a number of them resorted to illegal hawking and demonstrated their resilience against the odds. However, as the hawkers’ earnings subsidised the colonial low wage migrant labour system, it became difficult for the colonial administration in Nairobi to resolutely stamp out their activities, especially in Eastlands. Besides, by the end of the 1940s, the Council’s fight against hawking had slackened owing to unsustainable expenses.

 

This paper examines the effect of colonial repression of African women street traders in Nairobi’s Eastlands area in the 1940s. Using the Gender and Development (GAD) perspective along with data mainly from libraries, archives and oral sources, it interrogates the women’s attractions to Nairobi and the logic behind their street trading activities. It also examines the colonial dynamics that exploited the attitudes and beliefs of African male elders to validate the colonial government’s gender marginalisation policies against women, particularly the hawkers. The paper concludes that the gender-based constraints against African women traders notwithstanding, propelled by need, the women irrepressibly struggled to find space in the prosperous economy of Nairobi in the 1940s.

 

Keywords

Racism, gender discrimination, patriarchy, street trading, hawkers, licensing
Additions to the marine decapod (Crustacea: Decapoda) fauna of South Africa
Authors: Landschoff Jannes , Griffiths Charles L. , Atkinson Lara J. , Sink Kerry J. , Botha Thomas P.
Published: August 2022

This report adds five previously unreported species to the decapod crustacean fauna of South Africa, as well as removing one species previously listed in error. It also documents locality (and/or reference specimen) data for 12 other species, most of which had been depicted in regional field guides, but without reporting when and where they had been collected. Almost all the species added were already known from adjacent African countries and their ranges are here extended into South Africa. Although some of these records are based on photographs, rather than collected specimens, it is argued that such records should be accepted as adequate evidence for inclusion of at least visually-distinctive crustacean species into the regional fauna.
Patterns of fish community structure in protected and non-protected marine areas of mainland Tanzania
Authors: Salema Fausta G. , Mbije Nsajigwa E. , Mwakalapa Eliezer B. , Rija Alfan A.
Published: August 2022

Information on the benefits of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for the condition of fish stocks is not well documented in Tanzania. Fish landing sites located in Tanga and Mtwara regions were surveyed to assess patterns of fish community structure; particularly fish abundance, species diversity, growth patterns, and maturity stages, based on catches landed at sites with different protection status. Fish abundance in the catch from protected areas was significantly lower than in non-protected areas (p=0.002). Species diversity was relatively higher in catches from non-protected (H=2.742) compared to protected areas (H=2.232). A high percentage of species (63.24 %) exhibiting negative allometric growth was observed in catches from non-protected areas. Further, a large number of mature fish was observed in catches from protected areas compared to non-protected areas (p<0.01). These indices are useful indicators of the performance of MPAs. The observed negative allometric growth and reduced number of mature fishes in the non-protected areas suggest that extractive pressure and disturbances from fishing gears have negative impacts on the fish stock. Continued high extraction may induce a decline in general fish size due to the constant selection for large-trait fish specimens, potentially causing evolutionally change in morphological traits. In contrast, the lower abundance and species diversity from the protected areas reflected low catch effort as a result of regulated fishing pressure in MPAs, rather than indicating the actual diversity in the fish stocks in these protected waters. Based on these findings it is recommended that more regulatory strategies are implemented in non-protected waters to allow more time for fish to attain appropriate harvest sizes and to ensure the effective protection of marine resources.
Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Problematika Tanah di Indonesia dalam Hak Atas Tanah berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Sukamto Bambang , Mintarsih Mimin
Published: August 2022

Persinggungan terkait masalah tanah kerap terjadi antara mansia yang satu dengan manusia yang lain atau bahkan dengan negara. Problematika tanah pun dapat meluas tidak hanya seputar masalah tanah, namun dapat terkait dengan tindak pidana yang menyangkut objek yang ada di atas tanah yang dipersengketakan, seperti tindak pidana terhadap harta benda yang dapat meliputi tanaman atau rumah atau bangunan yang berdiri di atas tanah sengketa tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap problematikan pertanahan di Indonesia dalam Hak sebagai Hak atas tanah berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan melalui penyuluhan. Metode pelaksanaan dengan teknik penyuluhan, yaitu narasumber menyampaikan materi penyuluhan dan dilakukan sesi tanya jawab dengan jumlah peserta 29 orang. Tempat kegiatan di Vila Saung Kebon, Desa Pasirjambu, Kecamatan Pasirjambu, Kabupaten Bandung. Hasil kegiatan berupa hasil diskusi masyarakat mengenai status kepemilikan tanah, misalnya pembangunan agrowisata dan proses pendaftaran tanah hingga penerbitan sertifikat. Keberhasilan kegiatan penyuluhan tampak pada antusias peserta mengikuti acara dan semangat berdiskusi hingga acara berakhir.
“Mon adorable Mécène…” Ranieri Calzabigi’s correspondence with Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg
Authors: Švandová Maršálková Lenka
Published: August 2022

The paper focuses on presenting a unique, exceptionally rich, but still basically unprocessed correspondence from the second half of 18th century between the Count and later Prince Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg, a well-known and respected figure in European history, and one of his important sources of information, Italian poet, librettist, opera reformer, writer and intellectual, Ranieri de Calzabigi. The edition of the correspondence is the main ouput of the grant project Vienna „à la française“: The role of Wenzl Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg’s Parisian stays to his Viennese cultural patronage, which is briefly presented. The main questions in case of this paper are: Calzabigi´s position within Kaunitz´s social-informational network, his sources of information and also the relationship between the Prince and the poet
Funcionamento e alcances do Programa Jovem de Futuro, Viçosa/MG: Interfaces entre cenário, representações e projetos de vida
Authors:   , Souza Gustavo Bruno Pereira de
Published: August 2022

O tema desta dissertação circunda as questões, que permeiam o segmento juvenil, ao buscar examinar o Programa Jovem de Futuro. Objetiva especificamente, contextualizar a experiência do programa em Viçosa/MG, descrevendo as práticas desenvolvidas e verificando se essas ações de veiculação de informações e conteúdos constituíram um fator de mudanças no contexto de vida dos aprendizes. Ou seja, se possibilita a transformação e/ou a construção de projetos de vida mais prósperos e, consequentemente, possibilidades de desenvolvimento humano mais promissoras. A perquirição teve como premissa basilar compreender como os nexos dessas experiências se estabeleceram, relacionando-as com as características de operacionalização dessas mesmas práticas, identificando a visão dos experimentadores (egressos), assim como dos agentes executores. De natureza qualitativa, o percurso da pesquisa se pautou na construção de uma abordagem caracterizada em torno da tentativa de trabalhar os significados e as características situacionais apresentadas pelos entrevistados, acentuando as narrativas que as pessoas atribuem ao cenário abarcado. Priorizou-se a entrevista como instrumento para a produção de dados e a análise de conteúdo, como método para a organização dos mesmos. Os resultados revelaram que as ações empreendidas pelo programa propiciaram aos jovens viçosenses possibilidades de formação multidisciplinar, com o foco no seu desenvolvimento e na sua inserção cultural e econômica. Evidenciou-se, pelas falas dos egressos, que as práticas adotadas contribuíram para que os jovens interpelados participantes da pesquisa estabelecessem novos circuitos de participação e atuação na cidade, ampliando as esferas de sociabilidade dos mesmos. Ao mesmo tempo, foram observadas mudanças atitudinais que influenciaram nas escolhas profissionais, renovando e potencializando perspectivas que influenciaram as possibilidades de ação desses jovens, em especial a construção de novas concepções, com reverberações em seus projetos de vida, suas relações frente às suas famílias e seu campo de possibilidades e preparação para a vida futura. Palavras-chave: Juventude. Políticas Públicas. Educação. Projetos de Vida.
Nonsurgical management of type II dens invaginatus with cone beam computed tomography: a rare case
Authors: Yilmaz Cirakoglu Neslihan , Cicek Ersan , Admin
Published: August 2022

Dens invaginatus is a progressive abnormality resulting from invagination of the crown or root before calcification. This case report presents nonsurgical endodontic treatment and nine-year follow-up results of a right maxillary canine tooth with type II dens invaginatus. A 40-year-old female patient was referred to the clinic for treatment of her maxillary right canine tooth. The invagination was managed on a two-visit appointment. On the first visit, the invagination area, which was disconnected, was completely removed from the root canal. The invagination area was instrumented, and the root canal was dressed with calcium hydroxide. At the second appointment, apexification was done using mineral trioxide aggregate compacted to the apical 3mm. Finally, the invaginated area and the root canal were obturated with a warm vertical compaction technique. At a nine-year follow-up, the invaginated tooth was asymptomatic, and the periradicular lesion showed satisfactory healing radiographically.
Identification of a Panel of Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Davar Riya , Yalamanchili Madhuri
Published: August 2022

According to the CDC, in the United States, Ovarian Cancer is the second most prevalent form of gynecologic cancer and is the fifth leading cause of mortality in women. The only reliable method to screen for this cancer is TVS (trans-vaginal sonography), which is both invasive and costly. The goal of this project was to use the mRMR (Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy) Feature Selection Algorithm to select a panel of biomarkers from the Ovarian Cancer dataset and create a non-invasive and inexpensive software tool that could help validate the panel and assist with the early detection of Ovarian Cancer, with a reasonable level of sensitivity.

This project uses an ovarian cancer dataset with 49 features. The mRMR filter method [9, 10, 12]of feature selection eliminates the redundant features while keeping the relevant features that impact the target class. This project accomplished the final goal of creating a working web application that asks a clinician to provide a few basic blood test results and generates a prediction. The machine learning model [7] used by the application is Random Forest Machine Learning model which is created with the K best features picked by the mRMR algorithm and is successfully utilized to predict the disease and treatment targets thus helping with reducing the mortality rate from ovarian cancer. 

This project used the Random Forest Classifier model machine learning model. It has been shown to work well with smaller datasets (as with this project’s dataset) and had a sensitivity score of 0.96.
Examining the Successes of Universal Primary Education and Universal Secondary Education Policies in Uganda
Authors: Otyola Roberts Wandera , Nalwadda Proscovia , Bagamba Godfrey Wamani , Bukenya  John , Kamaga Edward , Bantebya Susan
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The mission statement of the Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES) in Uganda is to provide for, support, guide and co-ordinate, regulate, and promote quality education and sports to all persons in Uganda for national integration, individual and national development. It is in these lenses that the Ugandan government adopted the UPE and USE programs to educate her children.

Methodology: This paper uses document review methodology to assess successes achieved by both the Universal Primary Education and Universal Secondary Education programs adopted by the Uganda government in 1997 and 2006 respectively.

Findings: Assessment results show that both programs have had a positive impact on access and equity of previously vulnerable children who could not afford self-educational sponsorship.  However, the issue of quality education provision is yet to be achieved.

Recommendations: The study therefore recommends further research into examination of the relationship between UPE pupils’ low performance levels in literacy and numeracy and their somewhat good performance at Primary Leaving Examinations. All stakeholders should desist from politicizing educational issues and instead concentrate on formulating evidence-based policies based on developmental needs for joint ownership and implementation of the respective Free Education Policies.
Junior High School Teachers and Students’ Attitude toward Teaching and Learning Mathematics through Problem Solving: A Case Study from Mampong Municipality
Authors: Twumasi Ebenezer Birch , Afful  Joyce Asante
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Effectiveness of education depends on factors which include teachers’ instructional role associated with students’ learning outcomes. Teachers’ attitude is an enduring system of their beliefs, feelings and actions which invariably influence students’ achievement in mathematics learning. This study sought to investigate into Junior High School (JHS) mathematics teachers and students’ attitudes toward teaching and learning mathematics through problem-solving instructional strategy.

Methodology: A cross – sectional exploratory survey design was employed to obtain a snapshot of what pertained in the classrooms of the selected Junior High Schools. Questionnaires for measuring teachers and students’ attitude were pilot tested to ensure scale reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. Spearman’ rank correlation was calculated to establish the nature of relationship between teachers and students’ attitude, at a fixed significance level of 0.05.

Findings: It was revealed that there existed positive but weak relationship between teachers and students’ attitudes toward teaching and learning mathematics through problem solving. Findings from this study were not quite different from the studies reviewed in the literature that showed that teachers’ attitude influence their choice of teaching strategy and the quality of teaching students receive. Format for conducting external examination, time available for teaching topics in the syllabus, and students’ entry behaviour were found to be determining factors for teachers’ choice of instructional strategy. It can be inferred that though students considered problem solving instructional approach as challenging, but they do not despise its use in mathematics learning.

Recommendations: From this study, subject-based workshops or professional development sessions must be organized by District Education Office at the beginning of every term for the JHS mathematics teachers. Students must equally be encouraged by teachers through specific assignments that involve the use of problem-solving strategies. workshops, District Education Office should provide mathematics teachers with materials that will enable them to model mathematical concepts in classroom.
Олий Мажлис қонунчилик палатаси фаолиятида сиёсий партиялар иштирокининг ҳуқуқий асосларини такомиллаштириш
Authors: Беков Ихтиёр
Published: August 2022

Давлат бошқарувини демократлаштириш ҳамда жамиятнинг барча соҳаларида олиб борилаётган ислоҳот-лар даврида фуқаролик жамияти институти вакиллари, хусусан, сиёсий партияларнинг жамиятдаги ролини ошириш, вакиллик органларидаги иштирокини жадаллаш-тириш, депутатларнинг сайловчилар олдидаги масъулиятини кучайтириш энг муҳим вазифалардан ҳисобланади. Мазкур мақола АҚШ, Дания, Финляндия, Германия каби ривожланган давлатларда олий вакиллик органлари фаолиятида сиёсий партиялар иштирокининг ҳуқуқий асосларини модернизация қилиш бўйича тажрибаси билан бирга ушбу соҳадаги қонунчилигимиз чуқур илмий асослар билан таҳлил қилинган.
What Remains in Social Science Instruction During the Changing Times in a State-funded School in Southern Philippines: Moving Forward and What Can Be Done
Authors: Cempron Daryl Niko Lofranco
Published: August 2022

The study primarily aimed at determining and utilizing extent of the Social Science instructors on instructional materials, and framing a capacity development framework to secure the quality of instructional delivery in the changing times. It employed the descriptive design undertaking the purposive sampling which resulted in obtaining 26 respondents from the total population, thus descriptive statistics had been used in analyzing and interpreting the collected data. The results reflected how social sciences are being taught by the 26 purposively sampled respondents and showed that the underlying instructional materials or the non-technological ones remained as top materials that are often and occasionally being utilized, collectively implying that regardless that these are categorized as traditional and commonly used, are still being perceived as efficient and effective, such that optimizing and redesigning them to adapt to the changing landscape of instruction is elucidated in this paper through a capacity development program paradigm, in which the implementation is urgently recommended.
ENCANTAMENTO E REPRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Lopes Peixoto José Adelson , Souza Tércio Santos de , Mendonça Vinícius Alves de
Published: August 2022

Ensaio fotográfico resultante de trabalho de campo, de cunho etnográfico,durante o Ritual de Flechamento do Umbu e Puxada do Cipó, realizado na Aldeia Indígena Jiripankó, situada no município de Pariconha, no Alto Sertão de Alagoas.
COMBUSTÍVEIS FÓSSEIS: PANORAMA DE PRODUÇÃO E CONSUMO NO BRASIL
Authors: José Bertolo Ademar , Willig Kopplin Bruna , Piovesan Bertolo Jéssica , Da Silva Luana , Cassol Fabiano
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão sobre combustíveis fósseis (petróleo, gás natural e carvão mineral) focando a produção industrial e seus reflexos na sociedade. É enfatizado principalmente o consumo na matriz energética brasileira. Para a obtenção de dados históricos foi realizada uma revisão estruturada de artigos, abordando aspectos que tangem os impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos. É imporante observar que os combustíveis fósseis alimentam setores industriais, automotores e elétricos de grande parte do mundo. Através dos resultados obtidos, é traçado um panorama da exploração do petróleo entre os anos 1958 a 2018. Além disso, observa-se a importância da utilização de combustíveis de origem fóssil na matriz energética e na economia brasileira.
Transformation of Social and Religious Life in the Covid-19 Epidemic Process: A Psychosocial Analysis
Authors: BALTACI Ali
Published: August 2022

This study focuses on the changes witnessed in social life throughout the Covid-19 epidemic period, particularly how the pandemic affected religious institutions. The study, which employs psychosocial analysis, investigates the alteration of social and religious life in the presence of diverse social psychology theories. During and after the epidemic, religion strives to adapt to fluid change and tries to produce a new form of belief and religiosity that will soothe anxious people, in contrast to its traditional form, in a process of radical change and social erosion in which discourses such as 'nothing will be the same as before' are frequently voiced. The fact that religion and religiosity are pregnant with new manifestations throughout the epidemic process might be regarded as an adaptation reaction or a crucial reaction to the synthetic alteration that has already begun to be felt. Religion aims to achieve a shape that takes care of the changing requirements of the person and directs his life by keeping its unchanging principles. He even took the risk of mixing secular, metaphysical, astrological, and paranormal components within himself to achieve this goal. Finally, contrary to standard secularization theorists' forecasts that religion will vanish, religion will evolve after the pandemic and continue to exist in a society that will become even more digital, a form of post-corona religiosity. By stressing the transition dynamics experienced during the epidemic era, it is intended that the research would create new topics of discussion and contribute to the field of sociology.
Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Immune Response and the Fight against COVID-19
Authors: Al-Abri Mohammed A. , Al-Yaarubi Saif , Said Elias A.
Published: August 2022

Sleep is an imperative physiological aspect that plays a vital role in maintaining hormonal and humeral functions of the body and hence a healthy life. Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations in human activities and physiology that prepare human beings to better react to and anticipate challenges in the surrounding environment, which are a consequence of diurnal changes of day and night. The sleep/wake cycle is one of the most prominent manifestations of the circadian rhythm and communicates tightly with the immune system with daily oscillation of immunity. Sleep deprivation is now recognized as a common condition inherent to modern society, and it is detrimental to certain body functions, particularly immune function. The aim of this review is to explore the role of sleep in maintaining a healthy immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review discusses sleep-regulatory substances that are linked to host defense mechanisms such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma. Cytokine levels also fluctuate with sleep/wake homeostasis and our review explores the relationship between sleep and cytokines and proposed therapeutics. The review will also cover sleep and immune response in children, adolescents, and healthcare workers, and finally it will touch on the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on immune response and the severity of COVID-19.
Beyond linear regression: mapping models in cognitive neuroscience should align with research goals
Authors: Ivanova Anna A , Schrimpf Martin , Anzellotti Stefano , Zaslavsky Noga , Fedorenko Evelina , Isik Leyla
Published: August 2022

Many cognitive neuroscience studies use large feature sets to predict and interpret brain activity patterns. Feature sets take many forms, from human stimulus annotations to representations in deep neural networks. Of crucial importance in all these studies is the mapping model, which defines the space of possible relationships between features and neural data. Until recently, most encoding and decoding studies have used linear mapping models. Increasing availability of large datasets and computing resources has recently allowed some researchers to employ more flexible nonlinear mapping models; however, the question of whether nonlinear mapping models can yield meaningful scientific insights remains debated. Here, we discuss the choice of a mapping model in the context of three overarching desiderata: predictive accuracy, interpretability, and biological plausibility. We show that these desiderata do not map cleanly onto the linear/nonlinear divide; instead, each desideratum can refer to multiple research goals, each of which imposes its own constraints on the mapping model. Moreover, we argue that, instead of categorically treating the mapping models as linear or nonlinear, researchers should report the complexity of these models. We show that, in many cases, complexity provides a more accurate reflection of restrictions imposed by various research goals and outline several complexity metrics that can be used to effectively evaluate mapping models.
Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign
Authors: Mages Zackary , Kollias Pavlos , Zhu Zeen , Luke Edward P.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) are characterized by extreme air-sea energy exchanges and low-level convective clouds over large areas in the high latitude oceans. As such, CAOs are an important component of the Earth’s climate system. The CAOs in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) deployment of the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) provided the first comprehensive view of CAOs using a suite of ground-based observations at the northern coast of Norway. Here, cloud and precipitation observations from 13 CAO cases during COMBLE are analysed. A vertical air motion retrieval technique is applied to the Ka-band ARM Zenith-pointing Radar (KAZR) observations. The CAO cumulus clouds are characterized by strong updrafts with magnitudes between 2–8 m s-1, vertical extents of 1–3 km, and horizontal scales of 0.25–3 km. A strong relationship between our vertical air velocity retrievals and liquid water path (LWP) measurements is found. The LWP measurements exceed 1 kg m-2 in strong updraft areas, and the vertical extent of the updraft correlates well with the LWP values. The CAO cumulus clouds exhibit large values of eddy dissipation rate. Finally, evidence of secondary ice production in the CAO cumulus clouds is presented.
Formaldehyde and hydroperoxide distribution around the Arabian Peninsula – evaluation of EMAC model results with ship-based measurements
Authors: Dienhart Dirk , Brendel Bettina , Crowley John N. , Eger Philipp G. , Harder Hartwig , Martinez Monica , Pozzer Andrea , Rohloff Roland , Schuladen Jan , Tauer Sebastian , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play a key role in atmospheric oxidation processes. They act as sources and sinks for HOx radicals (OH + HO2), with OH as the primary oxidant that governs the atmospheric self-cleaning capacity. Measurements of these species allow evaluation of global chemistry-transport models which need to account for multifarious source distributions, transport and mixing, complex photochemical reaction pathways and deposition processes. HCHO is an intermediate produced during the oxidation of VOCs and is an indicator of photochemical activity and combustion related emissions. Due to its many production pathways and its rather short lifetime of only several hours at noon, accurate modelling of this species is challenging. In this study, we use in situ observations in the marine boundary layer (MBL) to evaluate results of the general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy2 Atmospheric Chemistry). The dataset was obtained during the AQABA ship campaign around the Arabian Peninsula in summer 2017. This region is characterized by high mixing ratios of photochemical air pollution, high humidity and strong solar irradiation, especially in the area around the Suez Canal and the Arabian Gulf. We find that EMAC fails to predict absolute mixing ratios of HCHO, especially during high pollution events, but it reproduces most of the HCHO variability seen in the different regions, while it systematically overestimates H2O2. This is mainly attributed to missing primary VOC emissions and the overestimation of HOx radicals, and also related to the models coarse spatial resolution.
Short-term variability of atmospheric helium revealed through a cryo-enrichment method
Authors: Birner Benjamin , Morgan Eric , Keeling Ralph F.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Tropospheric helium variations are tightly linked to CO2 due to the co-emission of He and CO2 from natural gas burning. Recently Birner et al. (2022) showed that the global consumption of natural gas has measurably increased the He content of the atmosphere. Like CO2, He is also predicted to exhibit complex spatial and temporal variability on shorter time scales, but measurements of these short-term variations are lacking. Here we present the development of an improved gas delivery and purification system for the semi-continuous mass spectrometric measurement of the atmospheric He-to-nitrogen ratio (He/N2). The method replaces the chemical getter used previously by Birner et al. (2021, 2022) to preconcentrate He in an air stream with a cryogenic trap which can be more simply regenerated by heating and which improves the precision of the measurement to 22 per meg in 10 minutes (1σ). Using this “cryo-enrichment” method, we measured the He/N2 ratios in ambient air at La Jolla (California, USA) over 5 weeks in 2022. During this period, He/N2 was strongly correlated with atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as expected from anthropogenic emissions, with a diurnal cycle of 450–500 per meg (max-min) caused by the sea/land breeze pattern of local winds, which modulates the influence of local pollution sources.
Icing Wind Tunnel Measurements of Supercooled Large Droplets Using the 12 mm Total Water Content Cone of the Nevzorov Probe
Authors: Lucke Johannes , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Heller Romy , Hahn Valerian , Hamman Matthew , Breitfuss Wolfgang , Bora Venkateshwar Reddy , Moser Manuel , Voigt Christiane
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Supercooled large droplet (SLD) icing can occur behind the protected surfaces of an aircraft and create severe aerodynamic disturbances, which represent a safety hazard for aviation. Liquid water content (LWC) measurements in icing conditions that contain SLD require instruments that are able to sample unimodal and bimodal droplet size distributions with droplet diameters from 2 to 2000 µm. No standardized detection method exists for this task. A candidate instrument, that is currently used in icing wind tunnel (IWT) research, is the Nevzorov probe. In addition to the standard 8 mm total water content (TWC) collector cone, a novel instrument version also features a 12 mm diameter cone, which might be advantageous for collecting the large droplets characteristic of SLD conditions. In the scope of the two EU projects SENS4ICE and ICE GENESIS we performed measurement campaigns in SLD icing conditions in IWTs in Germany, Austria and the USA. We obtained a comprehensive data set of measurements from the Hotwire, the 8 mm and 12 mm cone sensors of the Nevzorov probe and the tunnel reference instrumentation. In combination with measurements of the particle size distribution we experimentally derive the collision efficiency curve of the new 12 mm cone for median volume diameters (MVDs) between 12 and 58 µm and wind tunnel speeds from 40 to 85 µm. Knowledge of this curve allows us to correct the LWC measurements of the 12 mm cone (LWC12) in particular for the inevitably high decrease in collision efficiency for small droplet diameters. In unimodal SLD conditions, with MVDs between 128 and 720 µm, LWC12 generally agrees within 20 % with the tunnel LWC reference values from a WCM-2000 and an Isokinetic Probe. An increase in the difference between LWC12 and the WCM-2000 measurements at larger MVDs indicates better droplet collision properties of the 12 mm cone. Similarly, the favorable detector dimensions of the 12 mm cone explain a 7 % enhanced detection efficiency compared to the 8 mm cone, however this difference falls within the instrumental uncertainties. Data collected in various bimodal SLD conditions with MVDs between 16 and 534 µm and LWCs between 0.22 and 0.72 g m-3 also show an agreement within 20 % between LWC12 and the tunnel LWC, which makes the Nevzorov sensor head with the 12 mm cone the preferred instrumentation for measurements of LWC in Appendix O icing conditions.
Deglacial and Holocene sea ice and climate dynamics at the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Vorrath Maria-Elena , Müller Juliane , Cárdenas Paola , Mieruch Sebastian , Esper Oliver , Opel Thomas , Lembke-Jene Lester , Etourneau Johan , Vieth-Hillebrand Andrea , Lahajnar Niko , Lange Carina B. , Leventer Amy , Evangelinos Dimitris , Escutia Carlota , Mollenhauer Gesine
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The reconstruction of past sea ice distribution in the Southern Ocean is crucial for an improved understanding of ice-ocean-atmosphere feedbacks and the evaluation of Earth system and Antarctic ice sheet models. The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is experiencing rapid warming and the associated decrease in sea ice cover contrasts the trend of growing sea ice extent in eastern Antarctica. To reveal the long-term sea ice history at the WAP under changing climate conditions we examined a marine sediment core from the eastern basin of the Bransfield Strait covering the last Deglacial and the Holocene. For sea ice reconstructions, we focused on the specific sea ice biomarker lipid IPSO25, a highly branched isoprenoid (HBI), and sea ice diatoms, whereas a phytoplankton-derived HBI triene (C25:3) and open ocean diatom assemblages reflect predominantly ice-free conditions. We further reconstruct ocean temperatures using glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGTs) and diatom assemblages, and compare our sea ice and temperature records with published marine sediment and ice core data. Our results document a retreat of the WAP ice shelf at 13.9 ka BP (before present). Maximum sea ice cover is observed during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, while a still extended but variable sea ice coverage characterized the core site during the early Holocene. An overall decreasing sea ice trend throughout the Middle Holocene is accompanied by a successive ocean warming and increasing phytoplankton productivity. The Late Holocene is characterized by unstable (winter) sea ice conditions and a further sea ice decline until 0.5 ka BP.
The impact of GNSS multipath errors on ZTD estimates based on PPP
Authors: He Shengping , Becker Doris , Hobiger Thomas
Published: August 2022

Multipath is a large systematic GNSS error source which can bias the Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) estimation of Precise Point Positioning (PPP). In this paper, we explore the magnitudes and systematics of the errors caused by multipath in ZTD estimates. We apply several process noise models based on an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and study whether those models are capable of partly mitigating the multipath error. Simulated data, generated with a commercial GNSS simulator, is thereby used to study the impact of multipath signals. All results are based on PPP solutions for which ambiguities are resolved (PPP-AR) and since the simulations provide us reference data, the degradation of ZTD accuracy can be studied in different scenarios where the multipath errors come from different reflection sources. The results reveal that the magnitude of ZTD errors due to multipath reaches millimeter to centimeter order, depending on the chosen scenario. In order to mitigate the effect of multipath errors on ZTD estimates, we study the use of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). We compute Code-minus-Carrier (CMC) observations and apply a CWT with the purpose to detect the periods during which multipath errors are affecting the observables. Once those periods are identified, it might be possible to mitigate the multipath error by using different process noise models or different function representations for the unknown parameters. In particular, we focus on the random walk model, the first-order Gaussian-Markov model, a noise-overbounding approach and a B-spline representation. We discuss how effective those models perform and reveal whether there is the possibility to improve troposphere estimates which would otherwise be biased by multipath effects.  Although all our findings relate to PPP post-processing, the suggested approaches can be mapped to real-time applications since multipath errors mitigation is done epoch wise with the help of an EKF.
Comparison of different ionosphere and troposphere models in open SSR correction formats in terms of accuracy, complexity, and bandwidth
Authors: Wübbena Gerhard , Wübbena Jannes , Wübbena Temmo , Perschke Christopher , Schmitz Martin
Published: August 2022

The GNSS State Space Representation (SSR) technology is widely accepted to be the most versatile approach for real-time GNSS corrections. It is employed in several commercial and scientific PPP and PPP-RTK services. Its main advantage over observation space representation (OSR) techniques (e.g., RTK or network RTK) is the intrinsic support for broadcast applications disseminating corrections to an unlimited number of users.
A complete set of SSR corrections consists of the five basic components: clock, orbit, bias, ionosphere, and troposphere corrections for the different GNSS, frequencies, and signals. In a classical OSR service, the lump-sum of these five basic components is computed by the service provider for the user position and sent to the user. This implies that a user does not need to know the underlying models used by the server. In contrast to OSR, an SSR user must compute the influences of the five SSR components itself. For that reason, SSR models are part of an SSR format documentation. The models chosen in different SSR formats are a compromise between target accuracy, complexity, required bandwidth, and computational workload of the rover.
In this conference contribution, we give an overview of different ionosphere and troposphere models used in different open SSR formats. The focus is on SSR formats supporting the high resolution atmospheric corrections (Compact SSR, SPARTN, SSRZ, 3GPP-LPP), but also formats with reduced message sets are addressed (IGS-SSR, RTCM-SSR). We motivate the frequently used multi-stage approach to separate atmospheric corrections into functional (spherical harmonics, polynomials) and residual parts. For the ionosphere, we compare different types of polynomials, vertical and slant TEC, and interpolation heights as well as the advantage of a sun-fixed coordinate frame. For the troposphere, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of metric vs. relative and slant vs. zenith delay corrections, respectively, and This overview of different ionosphere and troposphere models in SSR formats is intended to help an SSR user to choose a suitable SSR service.