bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Vinylic C−H Addition via Metallaphotoredox Migration
Authors: Ding Linlin , Wang Minyan , Liu Yiming , Lu Hongjian , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: September 2024

Geometrically defined allylic alcohols with SE, SZ, RE and RZ stereoisomers serve as valuable intermediates in synthetic chemistry, attributed to the stereoselective transformations enabled by the alkenyl and hydroxyl functionalities. When an ideal scenario presents itself with four distinct stereoisomers as potential products, the simultaneous control vicinal stereochemistry in a single step would offer a direct pathway to any desired stereoisomer. Here, we unveil a metallaphotoredox migration strategy to access stereodefined allylic alcohols through vinylic C−H activation with aldehydes. This method harnesses a chiral nickel catalyst in concert with a photocatalyst to enable a 1,4‐Ni migration by using readily accessible 2‐vinyl iodoarenes as starting materials. The efficacy of this methodology is highlighted by the precise construction of all stereoisomers of allylic alcohols bearing analogous substituents and the efficient synthesis of key intermediates en route to Myristinin family. Experimental and computational studies have shed light on pivotal aspects including the synergy of metal catalysis and photocatalysis, the driving forces behind the migration, and the determination of absolute configuration in the C−H addition process.
Engineering π‐Electron Bridge Enables Low‐Potential 2D Redox Polymer Anodes for High‐Voltage Aqueous All‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhong Linfeng , Liu Cong , Zhang Yang , Li Jing , Yang Fan , Zhang Zishou , Yu Dingshan
Published: September 2024

Aqueous all‐organic batteries (AAOBs) have emerged as a hot topic but their development was plagued by limited choices of anode materials, generally facing an intractable trade‐off between low potential and high stability. Here, we propose a novel π‐electron bridge engineering strategy to explore a class of 2D dioxin‐bridged redox covalent organic polymer (RCOP) as trade‐off‐breaking anodes for high‐voltage AAOBs. By establishing a tunable RCOP platform, we perform theoretical study to scrutinize how bridge units between active sites affect the electrode potential and redox activity for the first time. We discover that compared to common pyrazine bridge, the weakened conjugation and strong electron donor character of the proposed dioxin bridge can induce elevated LUMO level and enriched π‐electron populations in active sites, heralding a low electrode potential and enhanced redox activity. Besides, the nonaromaticity‐induced molecular flexibility of dioxin bridge mitigates intermolecular stacking for sufficient active sites exposure. To experimentally corroborate this, a new dioxin‐bridged 2D RCOP (D‐HATN) and its pyrazine‐bridged analogue (P‐HATN) are synthesized for proof‐of‐concept demonstration. D‐HATN displays excellent compatibility with Na+/Zn2+/NH4+/H3O+ and obviously lower redox potentials in various dilute electrolytes compared to P‐HATN and most reported organic anodes, while featuring rapid Grotthuss‐type proton conduction and unprecedented durability in acid – 91.8 % capacity retention after 20000 cycles. Thus, the D‐HATN‐involved all‐organic proton battery delivers an average output voltage of 0.75 V, which can be further elevated to 1.63 V with alkaline‐acidic hybrid electrolyte design, affording markedly‐increased specific energy.
Towards Efficient White‐light Emission in Sulfur Dots through Surface Charge Engineering
Authors: Wang Weibin , Wang Yixuan , Jin Kaixiang , Yang Xinyi , Sui Yongming , Zou Bo
Published: September 2024

Sulfur dots (SDs) have emerged as promising photoluminescence (PL) materials owing to their intrinsic merits such as abundant electronic effects, outstanding biocompatibility and available photocatalytic activity. Typically based on quantum confinement effects, SDs are reported usually confined emission in blue‐to‐green region. However, it is challenging to achieve their broad emission tunability in the visible region, restricted by inherent band gap of bulk sulfur (ca. 2.79 eV). Herein, we present white‐light‐emitting SDs achieved by surface charge engineering that hybridizes the surface of SDs with oleylamine. The resulting SDs exhibit broadband emissions (full width at half maximum of 187 nm) with PL quantum yields of up to 12.1 % and Commission International de I'Eclairage color coordinates of (0.27, 0.32). Detailed experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the strong orbital coupling between oleylamine and sulfur on the hybrid surfaces of the SDs causes electron delocalization, leading to the generation of low‐energy charge transfer (CT) states. These CT states are highly sensitive to sulfur‐oleylamine hybrid structures, which complicate the transition dynamics and promote multi‐energy emissions, accounting for efficient white‐light emission. The demonstration of white‐light SDs based on surface charge engineering is an important step towards the development of sulfur‐based PL materials.
Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Polymorphism in Cyanine H‐ and J‐Aggregates
Authors: Rubert Llorenç , Ehmann Heike M. A. , Soberats Bartolome
Published: September 2024

We designed a new cyanine dye 1, with two pedant rod‐like groups, capable of forming two distinct two‐dimensional (2D) supramolecular polymorphs in methylcyclohexane; an H‐type aggregate (Agg‐H2) and a J‐type aggregate (Agg‐J). Importantly, these two polymorphs were not accessed through polymerization events, and instead through the thermal transformation of a third particle‐like polymorph (Agg‐H1) formed by the anti‐cooperative assembly of 1. While Agg‐H2 is generated upon cooling the solution of Agg‐H1 by a thermoreversible polymorph transition, the Agg‐J was obtained through a hidden pathway by combining sonication and cooling to the Agg‐H1 solution. This is the first report on the obtention of H‐ and J‐type cyanine polymorphs that in turn could be isolated in solid‐state to render two new 2D photoactive materials. This paper unveils new strategies for designing 2D supramolecular polymers using calamitic residues, but also undercovers relevant aspects of pathway complexity and polymorph transitions that might be crucial for developing novel photonic systems
Propolis ameliorates renal, liver, and pancreatic lesions in Wistar rats
Authors: Salehi Alireza , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad , Kazemi Sohrab
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ethanolic extract of propolis on the secondary lesions of the liver, renal, and pancreatic that were derived by primary colorectal cancer, and comparison of the ethanolic extract of propolis with the vitamin E. The groups included the control, ethanolic extract of propolis, vitamin E, dimethylhydrazine, dimethylhydrazine + ethanolic extract of propolis, and dimethylhydrazine + vitamin E. After 13 weeks of treatment, the blood and tissue samples were taken from all the rats, and alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, insulin, amylase, and lipase indices along with the tissue pathological examination of the kidney, liver, and pancreas were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of propolis effectively alleviated the colorectal cancer‐induced secondary lesions in the liver by significantly lowering the alanine transaminase significantly. Ethanolic extract of propolis significantly decreased uric acid in rats; and also significantly elevated the pancreatic insulin. In addition, inflammation and cell necrosis indices in all these tissues were significantly reduced when ethanolic extract of propolis was consumed compared to the dimethylhydrazine group. It seemed ethanolic extract of propolis showed high antioxidant, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory potentials, and can be used practically to reduce the side lesions of colorectal cancer.
Agricultural nanotechnology for a safe and sustainable future: current status, challenges, and beyond
Authors: Santos Pamela Aracena , Biraku Xhulja , Nielsen Erik , Ozketen Ahmet Caglar , Ozketen Ayse Andac , Hakki Erdogan Esref
Published: September 2024

Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scales to produce structures and devices ranging from 1 to 100 nm, is increasingly being applied in agriculture. Nanoscale materials possess distinct optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties that enable the smart, targeted delivery of pesticides, fertilizers, and genetic materials to plants, as well as rapid sensing and on‐site monitoring of plant health, soil fertility, and water quality in a digital format. This review explores the application of nanotechnology in agriculture, examining the challenges and benefits related to all aspects of crop production, with a particular focus on regulatory issues. Key findings indicate that nanotechnology can improve crop production and reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture through precise input management. However, several critical issues need to be addressed, including the limited knowledge of the long‐term environmental impacts associated with agricultural nanotechnology and the ambiguity of current regulations. This underscores the need for further research to elucidate its impact on soil, water, and environmental and human health, to inform evidence‐based regulations. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
#NoFilter: The impact of social media body dysmorphic disorder in adults
Authors: Ioannou Maria , Tzani Calli , Price Paige , Walker Ffion , Williams Thomas J. V. , Fumagalli Anita
Published: September 2024

While existing literature has extensively examined the correlation between social media usage and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adolescents, research on this relationship among adults remains limited. Thus, this study sought to explore the association between social media engagement and BDD in adults. A sample of 222 participants completed a questionnaire comprising various scales to assess the influence of social media usage and time spent on these platforms on body dissatisfaction. The results revealed a positive correlation between social media usage and symptoms of body dissatisfaction, as well as low self‐esteem. Notably, increased time spent on social media emerged as a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction. Moreover, a significant link was observed between self‐esteem and Appearance‐Related Consciousness concerning image uploads on social media platforms. Image‐centric platforms like Snapchat and Instagram exhibited higher levels of body dissatisfaction. Interestingly, gender differences in these associations were not identified.
A compact 47–52‐GHz power amplifier MMIC with output power of 20 W
Authors: Du Pengbo , Zhang Li , Zheng Xuefeng , Cui Zhaotan , Qu Hanbin , Cai Shujun
Published: September 2024

A 47–52‐GHz power amplifier (PA) Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit (MMIC) with silicon carbon (SiC)‐based gallium nitride (GaN) was reported in this work. The circuit solution gives particular consideration to the loss of matching the output matching network. In pulse conditions, the PA can reach a maximum saturated output power of 43 dBm (20 W) with typical gain values of 18 dB and power‐added efficiency of 21%. The output power at −1 dB gain compression () is 40.2 dBm, and the power density is up to 3.36 W/mm in the active periphery under the drain voltage of 24 V. The chip is compact with an area of 5.6 × 3.7 mm2. This PA achieves higher output power in comparison to the reported PA MMIC.
A wideband combined LNA‐filter in 22 nm FDSOI technology for satellite phased arrays
Authors: Gholami Mehrdad , Nezhad‐Ahmadi Mohammad‐Reza
Published: September 2024

This article introduces a new, low cost and complexity, wideband Ku/K‐band combined low‐noise amplifier (LNA) Filter designed for large satellite phased array systems in advanced 22 nm Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator Technology. The LNA achieves the required 20 dB gain through a two‐stage configuration using the cascode configuration. To effectively reject the transmitter (TX) signal, the LNA integrates 4 distributed parallel LC notch filters. Measured IP1dB at 29 GHz (TX band) demonstrates a 25 dB increase compared to IP1dB at 19 GHz (RX Band), with a remarkable 15 dB enhancement over the LNA without the filter. The 1‐dB gain bandwidth spans from 16 to 21 GHz, representing a 27% fractional bandwidth. Over the entire bandwidth, input/output return losses exceed 10 dB, maintaining a low noise figure (NF) of less than 3.5 dB. Inclusion of two filters at the input and middle of the first stage results in approximately 0.6 dB of increase in NF when compared to the LNA without the filter.
DCE‐MRI of the liver with sub‐second temporal resolution using GRASP‐Pro with navi‐stack‐of‐stars sampling
Authors: Chen Jingjia , Huang Chenchan , Shanbhogue Krishna , Xia Ding , Bruno Mary , Huang Yuhui , Block Kai Tobias , Chandarana Hersh , Feng Li
Published: September 2024

Respiratory motion‐induced image blurring and artifacts can compromise image quality in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) of the liver. Despite remarkable advances in respiratory motion detection and compensation in past years, these techniques have not yet seen widespread clinical adoption. The accuracy of image‐based motion detection can be especially compromised in the presence of contrast enhancement and/or in situations involving deep and/or irregular breathing patterns. This work proposes a framework that combines GRASP‐Pro (Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel MRI with imProved performance) MRI with a new radial sampling scheme called navi‐stack‐of‐stars for free‐breathing DCE‐MRI of the liver without the need for explicit respiratory motion compensation. A prototype 3D golden‐angle radial sequence with a navi‐stack‐of‐stars sampling scheme that intermittently acquires a 2D navigator was implemented. Free‐breathing DCE‐MRI of the liver was conducted in 24 subjects at 3T including 17 volunteers and 7 patients. GRASP‐Pro reconstruction was performed with a temporal resolution of 0.34–0.45 s per volume, whereas standard GRASP reconstruction was performed with a temporal resolution of 15 s per volume. Motion compensation was not performed in all image reconstruction tasks. Liver images in different contrast phases from both GRASP and GRASP‐Pro reconstructions were visually scored by two experienced abdominal radiologists for comparison. The nonparametric paired two‐tailed Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare image quality scores, and the Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated to evaluate the inter‐reader agreement. GRASP‐Pro MRI with sub‐second temporal resolution consistently received significantly higher image quality scores (P < 0.05) than standard GRASP MRI throughout all contrast enhancement phases and across all assessment categories. There was a substantial inter‐reader agreement for all assessment categories (ranging from 0.67 to 0.89). The proposed technique using GRASP‐Pro reconstruction with navi‐stack‐of‐stars sampling holds great promise for free‐breathing DCE‐MRI of the liver without respiratory motion compensation.
From top to deep: An integrated multidisciplinary approach for the study of a transformative landscape of Savatra ancient city
Authors: Küçükdemirci Melda , Landeschi Giacomo , Kaya Nurcan , Makaroğlu Özlem , Işık İlker
Published: September 2024

In this study, a combined workflow of computational methodologies is introduced to explore the transformative landscape of the ancient city of Savatra (Central Anatolia Region, Türkiye), which faces long‐term risks stemming from natural and anthropogenic threats. Emphasis was placed on regional and local scale landscape analysis, employing aerial and ground‐based remote‐sensing techniques to unravel past settlement patterns and understand the impact of environmental factors, topography and natural resources on both the location of Savatra and spatial organization of its features. On a regional scale, the influence of hydrological conditions, slope and aspect on the landscape was determined through the employment of Geographical Information System (GIS)‐based analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs). At a more local scale, the utilization of the Unmanned Aerial Systems‐derived DEM and geophysical survey helped identify potential archaeological features and also assessed the risk posed to these features. Furthermore, the incorporation of 3D GIS analysis, integrating 3D point cloud representations of the ground‐penetrating radar volume and DEM, provided essential insight into the state of preservation of the buried features. The collaborative application and joint interpretation of these methodologies yielded a wide range of clues and explanations, unravelling the complex palimpsest of past activities. This research not only serves as foundation for future studies specifically for Savatra, but also provides a preliminary remote sensing–based exploration blueprint to other yet to be studied archaeological sites.
Crosslinking Behavior of Ethylene‐Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Encapsulants in Dependence of the Additive Composition
Authors: Wendt Michael , Wessel Patrick , Gottschalg Ralph , Mordvinkin Anton , Heidrich Robert
Published: September 2024

The three‐dimensional crosslinking of encapsulants in photovoltaic (PV) modules significantly defines their thermomechanical properties and is usually initiated using peroxides and crosslinking accelerators. However, it has been shown that excess peroxides lead to undesirable side reactions such as browning, which is directly linked to the PV module power losses. Therefore, the encapsulant formulation should be adjusted accordingly, on the one hand, keeping the peroxide concentration possibly low and, on the other hand, enabling a sufficiently high gel content (GC). This work investigates the basic interaction of the crosslinking peroxide Luperox TBEC and the crosslinking accelerator Perkalink 301 (TAIC) with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to address this issue. In addition, their reaction potential with the antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) is investigated. It is shown that stabilizing additives can have an influence on the peroxide crosslinking process, which can affect the resulting crosslinking state and require optimization of the lamination conditions. The additive content of commercial PV encapsulants is quantified using pyrolysis gas‐chromatography mass spectrometry (PY‐GCMS). Subsequently, a number of films with different TBEC and TAIC contents are produced, and their GC is analyzed as a function of the additive concentrations and lamination conditions. A range of formulations leading to a GC > 75% was identified which can be used as a guidance for encapsulant manufacturers.
School‐based motivational interviewing: Change and sustain talks during goal setting
Authors: Qi Te , Strait Gill , Roberson Anthony , Terry John D.
Published: September 2024

The student check‐up (SCU) is a brief school‐based motivational interviewing intervention developed to promote academic‐related behavioral changes and to increase accessibility to mental health services. Despite published randomized controlled trials demonstrating SCU's effectiveness in promoting student self‐efficacy in academic efforts, the SCU's impact on student grade outcome has been inconsistent across studies. This study examines whether student participants' written statements that represent change talk and sustain talk predict differences in post‐treatment grade outcomes and whether these effects are moderated by students' pre‐treatment academic achievement. In addition, we examine whether change and sustain statements mediate the relationship between study sites and grade outcomes. A two‐level linear regression controlling for pre‐treatment grades indicated that as the frequency of change statements increases, students' post‐treatment grades in English Language Arts decrease (B = −0.62, p = .03), suggesting that “the more” is not always “the merrier” when it comes to evoking change statements related to academic goals that require multiple behavioral changes for attainment.
Ginkgo Flavone Aglycone Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via Inhibiting Endothelial Pyroptosis by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Chen Xingyi , Yang Zhuan , Liao Meijuan , Zhao Qing , Lu Yuan , Li Qin , Liu Shijing , Li Shiliang , Chen Jiyu , He Yan
Published: September 2024

Natural antioxidants have been shown to be effective against atherosclerosis. Ginkgo flavone aglycone (GA) has strong antioxidant properties and can protect against endothelial damage. However, the mechanisms by which GA protects against atherosclerosis remain largely unexplored. This study hopes to find the anti‐atherosclerotic mechanism of GA. ApoE−/− mice fed a high‐fat diet were used for modeling atherosclerosis. The efficacy of GA on mice with atherosclerosis was evaluated based on the following indicators: Oil Red O staining, Masson staining, lipid content, and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and propidium iodide staining were used to analyze the effects of GA on ox‐LDL‐treated human aortic endothelial cells. GA activated Nrf2 by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thereby inhibiting endothelial pyroptosis. GA prevented endothelial pyroptosis suppressed oxidative stress, and inhibited the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice fed high‐fat diets. At the cellular level, GA suppressed ox‐LDL‐induced pyroptosis of HAECs by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, siRNA targeting Nrf2 or ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor, reversed these effects. GA liberated Nrf2 from Keap1 sequestration, enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the transcription of downstream antioxidant proteins, reinforced the antioxidant defense system, and inhibited oxidative stress, thereby preventing endothelial cell pyroptosis, and attenuating the progression of atherosclerosis. This study indicated that GA mitigated endothelial pyroptosis by modulating Keap1/Nrf2 interactions, shedding light on the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of natural antioxidants against atherosclerosis.
Reduced Streamflow From Water Diversion Alters Stream Ecology and Fish Behavior
Authors: Rhoades Suzanne J. , Caldwell Timothy J. , Stauffer‐Olsen Natalie , McKinnon Tara , McBain Scott , Henery Rene , Chandra Sudeep
Published: September 2024

Understanding invertebrate and fish responses to altered streamflows is important for water management that balances ecological function and societal needs. We studied the impacts of a significant water diversion on a stream food web, including benthic biofilms, benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI), and drifting macroinvertebrates. In the dry season, drift flux (number of aquatic individuals or biomass/s) and drift concentration (individual/m3) were lower below the diversion than above. Drift concentration (biomass/m3) was slightly higher below the diversion, due to the presence of large Trichopterans. All measures of drift dropped to nearly zero at the end of the dry season below the diversion, when streamflows were reduced by > 90% below the diversion relative to above, representing a significant loss of food resources for trout. Simultaneously, native Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) switched from drift to benthic foraging 1 month earlier below the diversion as drift and water velocities declined. The ecology of the benthos was not as impacted by the diversion: BMI densities were higher below the diversion, while benthic biofilm densities were similar at the two sites. The taxonomic composition of BMI was also similar between the sites, but fewer Ephemeroptera entered the drift below the diversion. Overall, the late season decrease in drift below the diversion despite the similar or higher benthic production suggests that streamflows influence food availability for trout even in the absence of benthic responses. Reduced streamflows, due to water diversions as studied here, or due to climate change, will likely reduce food resources and growth opportunities for fishes.
Effect of dairy manure‐based fertilizers on nitrous oxide emissions in a semi‐arid climate
Authors: Baxter Abigail E. , Leytem April B. , Liptzin Dan , Bierer Andrew , Afshar Reza K.
Published: September 2024

Manure treatment technologies are of interest to dairy operations to improve nutrient management, although there are little data related to nutrient availability and environmental impacts of these manure‐based fertilizer products. This field trial experiment investigated the impact of two manure‐based fertilizer sources (phosphorus enriched solids [PE] and mechanical vapor recompression solids [VR]) on soil nutrients, crop yields, and N2O emissions in a forage rotation. The study was a factorial random complete block design, with two main factors: manure history (with [M]; without [NM]) and manure‐based fertilizer product (control [Con], PE, VR), under a continuous corn and triticale rotation. M had greater soil organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, and M3‐P (30%–128%) and reduced NH4‐N (15%) than NM, with no other treatment differences. Corn silage yields were greater in NM versus M (7%) treatments only in 2021, while in 2022 VRNM was 17% greater than ConNM only. Triticale yields were 14% greater in M plots versus NM treatments only in 2021. In 2022, triticale yields were 1.7 times lower in ConNM versus all other treatments, and PENM was 71% greater than ConM. The greatest N2O fluxes occurred in May, June, and July with M having 69% greater average cumulative fluxes than NM, while average VR cumulative fluxes were 102% greater than PE and Con. Over both years, net loss of Napplied as N2O‐N was 1.9%–2.2% for VR and 0.4%–0.8% for PE solids. While manure‐based fertilizers performed well as a nutrient source, their susceptibility to N2O loss needs to be considered in management strategies.
Fate of As(V) and Cr(VI) adsorbed on goethite in a mangrove‐microcosm experiment
Authors: Barreto Matheus Sampaio C. , Ruiz Francisco , Hurtarte Luis C. Colocho , Ferreira Tiago Osorio , Sparks Donald L.
Published: September 2024

Mangroves provide fundamental ecosystem services; however, the growing impact of human activities has resulted in increased pollution pressure, such as chemical contaminants. The redox processes are major biogeochemical players in the fate of contaminants. We investigate the effects of the redox environment on As(V) and Cr(VI) adsorbed on goethite (i.e., Fe(III)‐oxide) over 40 days of incubation in columns containing mangrove soil subjected to seawater saturation cycles. Our spectroscopic data highlighted a less Fe(III)‐ordered arrangement on goethite over time; As(V) is strongly bound to goethite, which delayed until 20 days its remobilization and reduction to As(III). After 40 days, the goethite held ∼50% of the initial As, but it was 15% as As(III). On the other hand, Cr(VI) was desorbed almost completely in less than 10 days, and the residual Cr ions bound to goethite were almost totally converted to Cr(III). Our study stresses the importance of individual time‐dependence in evaluating chemical speciation changes among potential toxic elements in wetland systems, such as mangroves and artificial wetlands designed to water treatment or soil remediation.
The impact of an urban tourism boom on farmers' income in neighboring rural communities: Evidence from the Lijiang Ancient City, China
Authors: Yu Yuanhe , Li Junwei , Li Zijun
Published: September 2024

It is of great significance to explore the impact of tourism development on the neighboring economy. The Lijiang Ancient City (LAC) is a World Cultural Heritage Site and one of the important tourist destinations in China. However, the impact of an urban tourism boom on farmers' income in neighboring rural communities is not clear. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset of 672 field surveys conducted between 2009 and 2016 in the Lashihai watershed of Yunnan Province, China, we produce compelling evidence indicating that the tourism boom in the LAC has had a positive impact on farmers' income in neighboring rural communities. Our findings reveal that increasing per capita income in nearby communities by about 6.99% to 8.55% for every 10% increase in tourism activity; however, this impact diminishes as the distance to the LAC increases. Furthermore, the tourism boom has facilitated a harmonious and mutually beneficial coexistence between agriculture and tourism in neighboring communities, leading to the enhancement of farmers' livelihood strategies and expanded employment opportunities. Additionally, notable disparities in the economic impacts of the LAC tourism boom. Both non‐poor farmers and those with higher social capital have experienced a positive increase in income. The effect on income is more pronounced for farmers residing in closer proximity to Lashihai lake, compared with those residing farther away. This study provides an empirical basis for promoting synergistic urban–rural development and rural revitalization.
Posttraumatic growth modulates the response to negative emotions related to COVID‐19: An event‐related potentials study
Authors: Ng Siuman , Xie Weiyi , Gao Junling , Wang Man , Leung Hank , Li Huiyun , Sik Hun Hung , Lau Bobo Hi Po , Chan Cecilia L. W.
Published: September 2024

There is increasing interest in identifying how posttraumatic growth (PTG) impacts emotional processing following traumatic events (e.g., the COVID‐19 pandemic). Previous research suggests that high PTG levels may lead to enduring changes in positive emotional processing. Despite this fact, little is known regarding brain activation and responses to stressful emotional stimuli. The present study utilised event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether individual differences in emotional responses toward neutral and negative emotional stimuli related to COVID‐19 are related to self‐reported PTG levels. A total of 77 participants were analysed: 21 in the high PTG group and 56 in the control group. The amplitude of the N2 was smaller in the high PTG group compared to the control group under both negative and neutral conditions. When viewing the negative emotion pictures (vs. neutral pictures), the N2 amplitude significantly decreased for the high PTG group in the right occipital and frontal‐parietal areas, whereas no significant change was observed among the control group. In the time window Late Positive Potential (LPP) 600–1000 ms, emotional stimuli and the group interaction were significant. Viewing negative pictures (vs. neutral pictures) decreased the LPP 600–1000 ms amplitudes for the control group, mainly originating from the brain's frontal regions. However, there were no such significant differences for the PTG group. Due to the limited sample size and cultural differences, the applicability of these results to other regions or countries needs to be verified. The presented findings suggest that the impact of PTG during emotional response is reflected in both bottom‐up (evidenced by the early ERP components) and top‐down (evidenced by the later ERP components) processes. Individuals with high PTG may use a meditation‐related emotional regulation strategy of acceptance at the basic stage and non‐judgement at a later stage.
Ultra‐Durable Polysilicon Based Tribovoltaic Nanogenerators for Bearing In Situ Rotational Speed Sensing
Authors: Gong Likun , Zhang Zhi , Yu Wenbo , Zeng Jianhua , Cao Jie , Fan Beibei , Zhao Junqing , Zhang Chi
Published: September 2024

Tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG) is an emerging energy device with the advantages of direct current and high power density. At present, many TVNGs are based on single‐crystal materials, which are expensive and fragile during structural processing. Here, a polysilicon‐based TVNG for bearing in situ rotational speed sensing is developed, which has the same level of performance and lower cost compared to monocrystalline silicon. The defects in polysilicon can provide additional carriers, but the grain boundaries can suppress the transport process of carriers, resulting in almost the same electrical output as single crystals. The oiled sliding mode TVNG has an impressive durability of up to 1 million cycles. The friction coefficient of rolling mode TVNG is as low as 0.14. Based on rolling mode polysilicon TVNG, the tapered roller bearing, thrust ball bearing, and deep groove ball bearing are manufactured by cutting and engraving processes. Moreover, their short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage are linear with speed, and the fitting coefficient is as high as 0.99, providing favorable conditions for in situ rotational speed sensing. This work presents a structure‐function integrated bearing design methodology, demonstrating the considerable potential of in situ sensing for intelligent components in the industrial Internet of Things.
A Multifunctional Coating with Active Corrosion Protection Through a Synergistic pH‐ and Thermal‐Responsive Mechanism
Authors: Ma Qi‐Xuan , Xu Li , Fan Yong , Wang Li , Xu Jia‐Ning , Zhao Jie , Chen Xiao‐Bo
Published: September 2024

This article aims to develop CeO2 nanocontainer‐constructed coating with a synergistic self‐healing and protective nature through a simple mechanical blending technique to manage metal corrosion. The proposed coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, which is primarily attributed to the combination of thermal‐driven healing and active corrosion inhibition. Paraffin wax and 2‐polybenzothiazole‐loaded CeO2 nanotubes (CeO2‐MBT) are directly doped into epoxy coating to perform such a multifunctional role. CeO2 nanocontainers and encapsulated corrosion inhibitor MBT can be released by pH triggers to achieve instant corrosion inhibition upon the surface of metal substrate. In addition, any physical defects in the coating are responsively repaired by heating incorporated paraffin wax to regain structural integrity and consequent barrier function. Corrosion protection efficiency remains sufficient even after ten cycles of damage and healing. Such a multiple‐functional coating strategy provides an alternative pathway toward efficient and sustainable performance to tackle corrosion‐related challenges of metal components in both short‐term and long‐term services.
Tensile strength and flexural behavior of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Lolla Srilakshmi , Oinam Romanbabu M. , Furtado A. , Varum H.
Published: September 2024

This manuscript presents a comprehensive investigation into the tensile strength and flexural behavior of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC), utilizing a robust dataset comprising 457 meticulously selected data points, including 54 instances of self‐tested experimental data. The study establishes an empirical relationship governing the tensile strength of steel fiber concrete (SFC) based on the fiber reinforcement index (FRI) and the grade of concrete. The experimental study has extended its scope by testing an additional 27 full‐scale SFRC beams (rectangular cross‐sectioned) under monotonic loading to quantify the impact of tensile strength on the overall structural performance. The beam specimens feature continuous longitudinal and transverse reinforcement throughout their span, with steel fibers strategically positioned below the neutral axis. The steel fiber content was systematically varied from 0% to 2% in intervals of 0.25%. This work introduces modifications to the design of SFRC flexural members, emphasizing the consideration of tensile contribution below the neutral axis. The study integrates both experimental and analytical methodologies, providing diverse insights into the flexural behavior of SFRC beams. The proposed design methodology considers the tensile strength contribution from SFC, effectively predicting flexural capacity, particularly in scenarios involving higher volume fractions. Its applicability extends to structural design, offering insights into evaluating structural capacity for both newly designed and existing structures.
Corporations and climate change: An overview
Authors: Wright Christopher , Nyberg Daniel
Published: September 2024

Corporations are primary emitters of greenhouse gases yet are also portrayed as key agents in responding to climate change. This overview article explains corporate responses to the climate crisis at three levels of analysis: (i) political (shaping the climate debate and influencing climate policy); (ii) organizational (enacting strategies and practices to address climate change); and (iii) individual (managers and employees caring about and acting on climate change in their personal and professional lives). Our synthesis of the burgeoning literature on corporations and climate change in the fields of management and organization studies, human geography, and political economy highlights how and why particular corporate responses have been enacted, encompassing managerial as well as more critical and radical understandings of business activities.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives

Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
The Role of Paradata in Algorithmic Accountability
Authors: Trace Ciaran B. , Hodges James A.
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines how the doings of the algorithm (instantiated through its operations, actions, and steps) and its accompanying algorithmic system are revealed and explored through an engagement with the paradata created as a part of this data-making effort. In doing so, the chapter explores how the concept of paradata helps us understand how information professionals and domain stakeholders conceptualize accountable algorithmic entities and how this influences how they emerge as documented and describable entities. Two complementary frameworks for capturing and preserving paradata for accountability purposes are examined in the process. The first is associated with diplomatic theory and archival notions of context and focuses on the role of paradata for algorithmic transparency. The second is related to knowledge management and to efforts in the AI community to use paradata to create unified reporting models that enhance the explainability of algorithms and algorithmic systems. The chapter concludes by demarcating examples and different use cases for paradata for accountability purposes and the mechanisms by which these agents of transparency and explainability can connect with interested and vested audiences.
Paradata in Surveys
Authors: Schenk Patrick Oliver , Reuß Simone
Published: September 2024

Paradata are widely used in conjunction with surveys, from predicting behavior for targeted interventions, monitoring data quality and interviewer performance, to understanding and correcting biases in the data. We define survey paradata broadly: as nonsubstantive data that relate to the survey and its processes in at least one of three ways—they are produced by survey processes, describe them, or are used to manage and evaluate them. They typically would not exist without the survey. They may be automatically produced (e.g., keystrokes), actively collected (e.g., interviewer observations), or constructed later on (e.g., when a human labeler rates respondent–interviewer rapport by listening to recordings).

First, we review other data types (auxiliary, contextual, and metadata) because their overlaps with paradata can make it difficult to grasp paradata precisely. We discuss paradata definitions, including their weaknesses, arriving at our definition.

Second, we offer an overview of our field’s practice and literature: paradata examples, heterogeneity across paradata types and design options, applications, and challenges.

With paradata a somewhat mature concept in our field, survey methodology, we hope to provide a stimulating, broad introduction to practice and literature in our field, accessible to anyone irrespective of professional background. We hope that this chapter provides a valuable backdrop for the conceptualizations of paradata in other disciplines, as presented in this volume.
Rwanda
Authors: Munu Martin Luther , Vlaminck Zjos
Published: September 2024

Rwanda’s Covid-19 response was centrally coordinated, implemented through decentralized government authorities and local CSOs, guided by development partners and enforced through punitive measures. While this structure enabled efficient service delivery, equity considerations had been of lesser concern. The country’s response centered on social protection extension and economic recovery. However, it glossed over the everyday realities of the extremely poor and vulnerable. The measures put in place to curb the spread of the virus were disproportionate to the measures designed to solve its socio-economic fallouts. Democratizing pandemic responses and proper targeting of the most vulnerable to enhance greater engagement between state and citizens is therefore recommended.
Conclusion
Authors: Tsikata Dzodzi , Torvikey Gertrude Dzifa
Published: September 2024

The conclusion of the book summarizes the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the early containment and support measures by governments to respond to its projected impacts on the fortunes of African economies, societies, and democratic politics. The chapter highlights among other things the ramifications of the pandemic in the livelihoods of working people, women, and the poor more generally. These are discussed through a reflection on the pre-existing structural conditions and inequalities that exacerbated the measures that governments used to contain the pandemic. In addition, inequity in the distribution of mitigative resources exacerbated poverty, and inequalities. Overall, the pandemic responses in the twelve African countries leaves lessons for policy sovereignty, building and strengthening robust democratic and social policy institutions and enhancing public infrastructure building that is accessible to all citizens.
Benin
Authors: Wantchekon Leonard , Koumassa Leonie , Ogoutchoro Thierry , Ngongang Yannick
Published: September 2024

The chapter examined the ramifications of Covid-19 and its policy responses on different sectors of the Beninese economy and its diverse social groups. The research employed ordinal logistic regression to measure the effect of Covid-19 and its consequences to ascertain how the pandemic has affected the incomes, level of activity, and employment of different groups. The chapter also examined some control and mitigation measures introduced by the Beninese government and its technical and financial partners. This research targeted 1200 individuals and 327 enterprises in four departments in the country. The findings show that intervention programmes tailored for various groups were inadequate and only a few benefitted. Although there were universally applied support measures such as water and electricity subsidies, these were not the most desired by some social groups. The desirability of measures could have been better were the decision-making processes inclusive and the measures equitably applied.
Introduction
Authors: Edler Jakob , Walz Rainer
Published: September 2024

It has become a commonplace that in order to tackle the enormous societal challenges we face throughout the globe we have to support transformation; and in order to do so, we have to mobilise innovation. As innovation and transformation are strongly intertwined, it is thus imperative essential to analyse and support their interplay.

This volume reflects on nine selected research fields in the area of systems and innovation research that have developed in the last five decades to do exactly that. It defines and delineates systems and innovation research as encompassing the scientific study of the conditions, dynamics and impacts associated with the generation and uptake of innovations and the development and transformation of functional systems satisfying essential needs such as the provision of energy or water. This allows to draw general lessons as to what drives research fields throughout their development and how their role—in particular vis-à-vis policy—changes over time. It also allows to speculate about future challenges and trends in the area of systems and innovation research. This is important because, if anything, the need to govern transformation through innovation will further grow in the future and with it the need to understand the underlying dynamics.
Drivers and Patterns of Change in Systems and Innovation Research
Authors: Edler Jakob , Walz Rainer
Published: September 2024

This chapter draws overall conclusions across all the contributions to this volume. Its first aim is to characterise each of the nine analysed systems and innovation research fields (SIR fields) in terms of their patterns and dynamics of change. How and why have the respective research questions and approaches evolved, and how has the role of each field vis-à-vis policy changed? The second aim is to draw overall conclusions concerning the dynamics of change across the fields. To achieve these two aims, the chapter first develops a change model of system and innovation research that is then applied to all fields. This model defines four drivers of change in the fields, i.e. policy processes, contextual developments, theoretical developments and developments in data and methods. It also takes into consideration the relationship of the SIR fields to traditional academic fields that were established prior to the evolution of our fields. Although we find some dynamics specific to each field, we also identify commonalities and similar patterns across the fields, mirroring the overarching zeitgeist changes of the last 50 years. The chapter closes with a few speculations and normative claims regarding the future development of our nine fields.
Understanding Paradigm Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy: Between Science Push and Policy Pull
Authors: Lindner Ralf , Edler Jakob , Daimer Stephanie
Published: September 2024

Science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy experienced far-reaching changes with regard to both political aims and the underlying rationales. Drawing on the concept of policy paradigms, we analyse the factors that shaped the dynamics of STI policy since the first post-war decades in the OECD world. Next to changes in the context conditions, the chapter focuses primarily on endogenous phenomena related to changes of the conceptual understanding of knowledge generation and innovation, of the main STI policy objectives, and of preferred policy solutions. Of particular interest is the role of scientific expertise in these processes of policy change. The first of the three STI policy paradigms identified is characterised by its emphasis on addressing market failures in processes of knowledge generation. The second paradigm shares key objectives of the first, but is based on the systems of innovation heuristic, aiming to improve system performance. The third paradigm supplements the primarily economic rationales of the previous paradigms with the objective of addressing societal challenges. In view of the conclusion that scientific contributions and policy advice were less influential in the second paradigm shift than during the first, we develop suggestions for a future-oriented research agenda for STI policy research.