bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disulfide metathesisviasulfur⋯iodine interaction and photoswitchability
Authors: Mathuri Ashis , Pramanik Milan , Parida Amarchand , Mal Prasenjit
Published: September 2021

N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) promoted and sulfur⋯iodine (S⋯I) interaction controlled cross-metathesis reaction of symmetrical to unsymmetrical disulfides is reported. The photoswitchability is shown of an unsymmetrical to symmetrical diaryldisulfide.
Defect-rich N/S-co-doped porous hollow carbon nanospheres derived from fullerenes as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction and Zn–air batteries
Authors: He Zhimin , Wei Peng , Xu Ting , Han Jiantao , Gao Xuejiao , Lu Xing
Published: September 2021

Fullerene-derived N,S-co-doped porous hollow carbon nanospheres with tailored N,S dopants and abundant defects serve as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction and Zn–air batteries.
An indacenodithiophene core moiety for organic solar cells
Authors: Siddiqui Afzal , Suman  , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: September 2021

Indacenodithiophene (IDT) is widely employed in photoactive materials for OSC devices with the highest efficiency of 12%. IDT-based molecules show excellent light harvesting efficiency, charge transportation ability and molecular packing.
Synthesis of near-infrared absorbing and fluorescent bis(pyrrol-2-yl)squaraines and their halochromic properties
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Nakazawa Masato , Lee Junheon , Naoi Ryoma , Tachikawa Motoki , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Funabiki Kazumasa , Matsui Masaki , Kim Taekyeong
Published: September 2021

1,2-Squaraines (partially conjugated neutral structure) showed blue-shifted λmax compared to the corresponding 1,3-squaraines (fully conjugated zwitterionic structure) and the mono-protonated thiophene-fused 1,3-squaraine showed λmax at 1007 nm.
Pyrene-based ammonium bromides combined with g-C3N4for the synergistically enhanced fixation reaction of CO2and epoxides
Authors: Chang Tao , Li Xiaopeng , Hao Yongjing , Kang Lianwei , Tian Tian , Fu Xiying , Zhu Zheng , Panchal Balaji , Qin Shenjun
Published: September 2021

The synergistic interaction of g-C3N4and PABs plays an important role in the CO2fixation reaction with epoxides.
Recent progress in and prospects for supercapacitor materials based on metal oxide or hydroxide/biomass-derived carbon composites
Authors: Ruiz-Montoya José G. , Quispe-Garrido Lady V. , Calderón Gómez J. C. , Baena-Moncada Angélica M. , Gonçalves Josué M.
Published: September 2021

In this review we focus on the recent progress and current trends in biomass carbon-based composites containing mono-, bi- and trimetallic metal oxides and hydroxides for supercapacitor applications.
Crack morphologies in drying suspension drops
Authors: Bourrianne Philippe , Lilin Paul , Sintès Guillaume , Nîrca Traian , McKinley Gareth H. , Bischofberger Irmgard
Published: September 2021

Drops of aqueous suspensions of nanoparticles placed on a substrate form a solid deposit as they dry. The initial concentration of particles governs both the shape of the deposit and the complex crack morphology.
The influence of alkyl lengths on circularly polarized luminescence for non-liquid crystalline binaphthol-based cyanostilbene
Authors: Fan Tianwen , Zhou Bangyi , Guo Hongyu , Yang Fafu
Published: September 2021

This work studied the relationship between the alkyl lengths of non-liquid crystalline molecules and their CPL properties, suggesting that shorter alkyl chains resulted in stronger CPL emission.
A bright, red-emitting water-soluble BODIPY fluorophore as an alternative to the commercial Mito Tracker Red for high-resolution mitochondrial imaging
Authors: Wang Jiang-Lin , Zhang Lu , Gao Lian-Xun , Chen Ji-Lei , Zhou Te , Liu Yi , Jiang Feng-Lei
Published: September 2021

A fully water-soluble, bright, and red fluorescent BODIPY fluorophore can achieve high-resolution mitochondrial imaging with high biocompatibility, photostability and chemical stability.
Biotechnological methods of managing the production processes of grape plants
Authors: Russo Dmitriy , Aleynikova Galina , Ilnitskaya Elena
Published: September 2021

In viticulture, despite the fact that the main commodity producers have fairly modern technologies for the production of grapes, there are trends in the need to modify raw materials production technologies that meet the requirements for the production of high-quality products, reduce production costs, its biologization. Also, the problem of selecting varieties for a specific agro-ecological zone and increasing the production of table grapes, which requires certain research in the justification of design decisions, became actual.
Identification of QTL FBF7 fire blight resistance in apple varieties germplasm
Authors: Lyzhin Alexander , Saveleva Natalya
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the results of marker-mediated screening of apple varieties for QTL FBF7 fire blight resistance. We detected at least one marker out of three in 12 varieties (85.7%) and two markers out of three in 5 varieties (35.7%). The target fragments of the studied markers in the Antonovka obiknovennaya and Galarina varieties are missing. Indicating the presence of QTL FBF7 three markers (GE-8019, AE10-375 and CH-F7-Fb1) were identified in the Bylina, Rozhdestvenskoe, Uspenskoe and Charodeyka varieties, which we recommend for use in breeding for E. amylovora resistance.
Polyploidy in tissues of plants in vitro of grape somaclones
Authors: Klimenko Viktor , Lushchay Ekaterina , Zlenko Valeryi
Published: September 2021

In vitro experimental plants obtained by clonal micropropagation of 9 grape somaclones of 5 original forms were the material for cytogenetic research. A biological microscope XSP-146TP was used for cytogenetic analysis. 823 cases of deviation from diploidy were observed in total. Significant tissue ploidy was observed in the meristematic tissue of in vitro plants of grape somaclones obtained by colchicine treatment of proembryogenic cells of various varieties. The significant direct correlation was found between the frequency of polyploidy in meristem tissues of in vitro plants and the number of chloroplasts in the stomata of grape somaclones. The reverse correlation was found between the frequency of polyploidy and the number of stomata on the leaf area. Somaclone No. 72, obtained as a result of regeneration from colchicinated proembryogenic cells of the Ruta grape variety and identified as a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 76), is recommended for use in the polyploid creation program.
Difenoconazole-based fungicides for orchard protection
Authors: Grishechkina Lyudmila , Podgornaya Marina , Dolzhenko Victor
Published: September 2021

A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of 4 difenoconazole-based fungicides in the fight against apple scab in the Krasnodar region and the Rostov Region for several years has been carried out. The preparations Sercadis Plus, SC were applicated at a rate of application of 1.2 l/ha; Embrelia, SC – 1.5 l/ha; Cidely Top, DС – 0.7 l/ha and Tersel, WG – 2.5 kg/ha three times, against different infectious backgrounds, starting with the “pink bud” phenophase (the end of flowering stage). The following apple cultivars were used: Idared, Champion and Golden Delicious. Research has shown that all studied fungicides significantly reduced the scab infestation of apple leaves and fruits. This resulted in obtaining additional yield in the range of 12.6-46.0%. The fruit grade was high after the treatments: 93.0-100% in the Krasnodar region and 81.5-91.5% in the Rostov Region, while in the nil treatment the percentages of standard products were 68.5% and 44.6%, respectively. According to the toxic load indicator, difenoconazole-based fungicides, such as Embrelia, SC (11.6 LD50 per hectare), were less dangerous for the fruit cenosis.
Testing of laboratory samples of microbiological preparations based on promising producer strains for the control of apple scab
Authors: Maslienko Lyubov , Yakuba Galina
Published: September 2021

To prevent phytosanitary destabilization in apple agrocenoses, it is necessary to include ecologically safe microbiological preparations in the protection systems. In the Krasnodar region in 2016 and 2019 in the field, laboratory samples of microbiological preparations were tested in the formulation “wettable powder” from the collection of the laboratory of the biological method of the FGBNU VNIIMK against Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter. Of the 9 laboratory samples tested in 2016, the highest efficiency, approaching the effectiveness of a chemical fungicide, was shown by samples based on fungal producer strains: RK-1, XK-1 and T-2 - 76.9-92.5%. In 2019, all variants (in the amount of 4) using laboratory samples of microbiological preparations were more effective in comparison with the active substance of chemical origin. The best scab control was provided by a laboratory sample of a three-component mixed preparation based on two fungal and one bacterial producer strain RK-1 + XK-1 + B-12 - 83.0-84.9%. The isolated samples are promising for research on the creation of microbiological preparations against apple scab.
Biorational insectoacaricides based on avermectins to protect grapes
Authors: Dolzhenko Tatiana , Burkova Lyudmila , Dolzhenko Oleg , Laptiev Alexander
Published: September 2021

The article presents an assessment of the biological effectiveness of biorational insectoacaricides based on abamectin and emamectin benzoate – metabolites of soil actinomycetes, to protect grapes from pests. We studied the effectiveness of new drugs: Mekar, ME (18 g/l abamectin) and Mabet, EC (18 g/l abamectin) against Schizotetranychus pruni; Yunona, ME (50 g/l emamectin benzoate), Emakleim, VRG (50 g/l emamectin benzoate) and Proclame Fit, WDG (400 g/kg lufenuron + 50 g/kg emamectin) against Lobesia botrana in the Krasnodar Region. According to the research results, the drugs Mekar, ME (18 g/l), Yunona, ME (50 g/l) and Proclame Fit, WDG (400 g/kg + 50 g/kg) are included in the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals Permitted for Use on the territory of the Russian Federation and can be used in biologized and adaptively integrated grape protection systems.
Coffee sludge as a new food ingredient
Authors: Khashpakyants Bagrat , Krasina Irina , Filippova Elizaveta
Published: September 2021

Spent coffee grounds (coffee sludge) is the most common recycled material obtained in the production of instant coffee. Thus, about 6 million tons of coffee sludge are generated annually. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of coffee sludge as an innovative functional food ingredient in flour confectionery products and to study the effect of coffee sludge and its chemical components on sensory properties, volatile components and rheological properties of the final product. Spent coffee grounds contain significant amounts of insoluble dietary fiber, proteins, lipids, ash and lower glycemic sugars. Mixing wheat flour with coffee sludge did not affect significantly the rheological properties of the dough and overall acceptability of the final product. Thus, the obtained biscuits can be recommended for patients with diseases associated with obesity and diabetes, as well as for people who prefer low-calorie foods.
Mechanism and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Liu Zichen , Li Zhaotian , Zhao Tianyang
Published: September 2021

Anxiety disorder is a disease that has a high incidence and has long plagued people's lives. In academia, there are roughly three types of factors that can lead to anxiety disorders, namely cognitive factors, genetic factors, and environmental factors. This article will discuss anxiety disorders from these three aspects and summarize the current research status and list relevant important research.
Coal/biomass co-combustion investigation by thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Bampenrat Akarasingh , Sukkathanyawat Hussanai , Seangwattana Thidaporn
Published: September 2021

In this study, the thermal characteristics and kinetic parameters of coal/biomass blended fuels (75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 wt.%/wt.%) were investigated by using the thermogravimetric technique under atmospheric air. Three types of agricultural waste biomass including cassava root, palm kernel shell and rice husk were used as raw materials. The experiments were performed under different temperatures, ranging from 313-973 K with the heating rate of 5, 10, 20 and 40 K/min. The results show that the thermal decomposition of biomass exhibit three-four stages including moisture and some light volatile removal stage (up to 463 K), volatile oxidation stage (423-663 K), char combustion stage (663-823 K) and inorganic oxidation stage (803-953 K). Lignite on the other hand exhibits only two main peaks during the entire combustion process, corresponding to the moisture removal (up to 433 K) and the decomposition/oxidation (433-833 K), respectively. In addition, it was also found that the blending of biomass residues improved the ignition temperature of the blended fuels, indicating an improvement of devolatilization of coal. Kinetic studies show that the average apparent activation energies of the co-combustion of coal/cassava root, coal/palm kernel shell and coal/rice husk calculated from the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method are reported at ca. 105.25, 179.66 and 121.84 kJ/mol, respectively.
Relative Efficiency Analysis of Biomass Agricultural Plants using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Ransikarbum Kasin , Pitakaso Rapeepan
Published: September 2021

Renewable energy has recently been a promising interest as a substitute for fossil fuels due to an increasing energy demand as well as a rising concern over the environmental impact of fossil fuel consumption around the globe. Biofuel, in particular, is a type of renewable energy, which can be derived from various biomass types. In this research, we analyze relative efficiencies using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique from three types of energy-related plants in the Northeastern region of Thailand, which are cassava, sugarcane, and palm. The relative efficiency of each province is further analyzed during 2017 to 2019 for a comparative study. Next, the input criteria are collected including allowable planting area, labor cost, and rainfall amount; whereas the included output criterion is the quantity of harvested product. Our initial analysis using CCR, BBC, and Scale Efficiency (SE) models of DEA provides the baseline of efficient provinces to be benchmarked and directions for improving inefficient provinces, given desired input and output criteria in this study.
Influence of fluid-structure interaction effects on the ductile fracture of blast-loaded steel plates
Authors: Aune Vegard , Valsamos Georgios , Casadei Folco , Langseth Magnus , Børvik Tore
Published: September 2021

This work presents ongoing research on the influence of fluidstructure interaction (FSI) effects on the ductile crack growth in perforated steel plates subjected to blast loading. The FSI effects were studied numerically by comparing the predictions from an uncoupled and a coupled FSI approach. Experimental results were used to evaluate the reliability of the numerical simulation. It was found that the numerical models were able to predict both crack initiation and crack growth in the plate, however, some distinct differences were also observed in the performance of the two approaches under consideration. The most important feature in predicting the observed fracture patterns was an accurate description of the blast loading during the FSI.
Homogenization effects on simulated pultruded glass fibre reinforced laminate under compression – from static to dynamic models
Authors: Pournoori Nazanin , Rodera García Oscar , Jokinen Jarno , Hokka Mikko , Kanerva Mikko
Published: September 2021

This study presents a numerical analysis of failure in pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) with three reinforcement layers, subjected to out-of-plane compressive loadings at low and high strain rates (10-3 s-1 and 103 s-1). The simulations targets to a computationally efficient homogenization with different element types and sizes. A single-element model was created to demonstrate the highest level of homogenization. The material properties in the homogenized model were calculated using the ESAComp (Altair) software. The 3D Hashin failure criterion was implemented as a user-defined subroutine into the finite element method using Abaqus (Simulia/Dassault Systemes) to predict the failure. The comparison between different meshes and elements shows the sufficient accuracy of the homogenized model to predict the material response at the damage onset, but the location of the crack was not accurately predicted as expected. High-rate impact simulations of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar tests showed that the mesh does not significantly affect the failure (strain) predicted by the homogenized model.
Deformation and damage characteristics of ball bearings under blast loading
Authors: Qi Ruixuan , Langdon Genevieve S , Cloete Trevor J , Chung Kim Yuen Steeve
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the unique failure characteristics, such as fragmentation, internal cracks, general deformation and pitting, observed on a SS420C ball bearing from direct blast loading using a cylindrical PE-4 explosive. Axisymmetric simulations were performed to gain insights of the failure mechanisms. While additional work is needed to fully understand all characteristic found, valuable findings have been presented to explain some of the failures.
Advances in 211At production at Texas A&M University
Authors: Yennello S.J. , McIntosh L.A , Burns J.D. , Tereshatov E.E. , Tabacaru G. , McCann L. , Schultz S. , Lofton K. , Abbott A. , Avila G. , Berko M. , Engelthaler E. , Hagel K. , Hannaman A. , Harvey B. , Hood A. , McCarthy M. , McIntosh A.B. , Sorensen M. , Tobin Z , Vonder Haar A.
Published: September 2021

Alpha emitting radionuclides with medically relevant half-lives are interesting for treatment of tumors and other diseases because they deposit large amounts of energy close to the location of the radioisotope. Researchers at the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University are developing a program to produce 211At, an alpha emitter with a medically relevant half-life. The properties of 211At make it a great candidate for targeted alpha therapy for cancer due to its short half-life (7.2 h). Astatine-211 has now been produced multiple times and reliability of this process is being improved.
A novel approach to medical radioisotope production using inverse kinematics
Authors: Dias Rodrigues Márcia Regina , Iacob Victor E. , Nica Ninel , Roeder Brian , Tabacaru Gabriel , Wang Kang , Yu Meixiang , Zanotti-Fregonara Paulo , Mabiala Justin , Romo Jedidiah , Souliotis Georgios A. , Bonasera Aldo
Published: September 2021

The inverse kinematics methodology using a gas target has been applied to produce medically important radionuclides at the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University. The production of the theranostic radionuclide67Cu (T1/2 = 62 h) through the reaction of a70Zn beam at 15 MeV/nucleon with a hydrogen gas target was performed. The activities at end of irradiation and the thick target yield were obtained for67Cu. A test using the forward-focused neutrons from the primary reaction to irradiatenatZn to produce67Cu is also presented.
Making an integrated decision in a three-stage supply chain along with cellular manufacturing under uncertain environments: A queueing-based analysis
Authors: Esmailnezhad Bahman , Saidi-mehrabad Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Today’s complicated business environment has underscored the importance of integrated decision-making in supply chains. In this paper, a novel mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model is proposed to integrate cellular manufacturing systems into a three-stage supply chain to deal with customers’ changing demands, which has been little explored in the literature. This model determines the types of vehicles to transport raw materials and final parts, the suppliers to procure, the priorities of parts to be processed, and the cell formation to configure work centers. In addition, queueing theory is used to formulate the uncertainties in demands, processing times, and transportation times in the model more realistically. A linearization method is employed to facilitate the tractability of the model. A genetic algorithm is also developed to deal with the NP-hardness of the problem. Numerous instances are used to validate the effectiveness of the modeling and the efficiency of solution procedures. Finally, a sensitivity analysis and a real case study are discussed to provide important management insights and evaluate the applicability of the proposed model.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Applications
Authors: Normandin Shanel , Safran Tyler , Winocour Sebastian , Chu Carrie K. , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Murphy Amanda M. , Davison Peter G.
Published: September 2021

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes healing by evenly applying negative pressure on the surface of the wound. The system consists of a sponge, a semiocclusive barrier, and a fluid collection system. Its effectiveness is explained by four main mechanisms of action, including macrodeformation of the tissues, drainage of extracellular inflammatory fluids, stabilization of the environment of the wound, and microdeformation. Rarely will complications linked to NPWT occur, but special care must be taken to prevent events such as toxic shock syndrome, fistulization, bleeding, and pain. New NPWT modalities have been recently developed to make NPWT suitable for a wider variety of wounds. These include NPWT with instillation therapy (NPWTi-d), different cleansing options, and application of NPWT on primarily closed incisions. Finally, vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy has been demonstrated to be efficient for various clinical settings, such as the management of diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcerations, chronic wounds, and skin grafts.
The Use of Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composite in the Sealing of Cavity with Margins in Radicular Cementum
Authors: Francesco Puleio , Gabriele Cervino , Fiorillo Luca , Giuseppe Miragliotta , Antonella Squillacioti , Giancarlo Bruno , Mirta Pinizzotto , Mendes Tribst João Paulo , Lo Giudice Roberto
Published: September 2021

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if the newly introduced bulk fill resin-based composite provides a better marginal sealing in cavity preparations with margins in dental cementum. The population investigation comparison outcome (PICO) framework was: in cavity preparation with margins in dental cementum of human extracted teeth, do bulk fill resin base composites provide a better marginal sealing than non-bulk fill resin-based composites? We performed our research on April 21, 2020. Two authors independently evaluated the abstract and titles for eligibility criteria. Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in single studies. After the initial screening of 400 abstract and titles, the full text of the articles, that could meet the eligibility criteria, were obtained via the university library. A total of 36 full-text articles were evaluated; 11 articles were finally eligible for the review. Eight studies showed statistically differences, but not significant, in the marginal sealing between bulk fill and nonbulk fill resin-based composite (p > 0.05). One study showed statistically significant differences: SonicFill and Grandio showed better marginal sealing than GrandioSo and SDR(r) (Sirona Dentsply, New York, United States) and the latter two showed better marginal sealing than Filtek Supreme (p < 0.05). One study showed statistically significant less marginal gap of SDR than Filtek Bulk Fill (p = 0.0015) and Filtek Supreme (p < 0.0001). One study showed SDR to have a significantly higher microleakage than the other materials tested (p < 0.05). Based on our current literature review, there are not enough data to establish if bulk fill resin base composite provides a better or a worse marginal sealing at cementum margins.
Radiographic Findings in Flexion Instability after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Howie Cole M. , Mears Simon C. , Barnes C. Lowry , Mannen Erin M. , Stambough Jeffrey B.
Published: September 2021

Flexion instability (FI) is one of the leading causes of knee pain and revision surgery. Generally, the biomechanical etiology is considered to be a larger flexion than extension gap. This may be due to mismatch of components sizes to the bone or malalignment. Other factors such as muscle weakness may also play a role, and the diagnosis of FI after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) relies on a combination of patient's complaints during stair descent or walking and physical examination findings. Our study examines the role of implant positioning and sizes in the diagnosis of FI. A retrospective review of 20 subjects without perceived FI and 13 patients diagnosed with FI after TKA was conducted. Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores (KOOS) were documented, and postoperative radiographs were examined. Measurements including included tibial slope, condylar offset, femoral joint line elevation along with surrogate soft-tissue measures for girth and were compared between groups. The FI group was found to have a significantly lower KOOS score compared with the non-FI group (55.6 vs. 73.5; p = 0.009) as well as smaller soft-tissue measurements over the pretubercle region (6.0 mm vs. 10.6 mm; p = 0.007). Tibial slope, condylar offset ratios, and femoral joint line elevation were not significantly different between the FI and non-FI groups. We noted a significant difference in tibial slope in posterior-stabilized implants in subjects with and without FI (6.4° vs. 1.5°; p = 0.003). Radiographic measurements consistent with malalignment were not indicative of FI. X-ray measurements alone are not sufficient to conclude FI as patient symptoms, and clinical examinations remain the key indicators for diagnosis. Radiographic findings may aid in surgeon determination of an underlying cause for an already identified FI situation and help in planning revision surgery.
Predictive Clinical and Surgical Factors Associated with Recurrent Apoplexy in Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Siu Alan , Rangarajan Sanjeet , Karsy Michael , Farrell Christopher J. , Nyquist Gurston , Rosen Marc , Evans James J.
Published: September 2021

Introduction Pituitary apoplexy is an uncommon clinical condition that can require urgent surgical intervention, but the factors resulting in recurrent apoplexy remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine the risks of a recurrent apoplexy and better understand the goals of surgical treatment.

Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all consecutive patients diagnosed and surgically treated for pituitary apoplexy from 2004 to 2021. Univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with recurrent apoplexy.

Results A total of 115 patients were diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy with 11 patients showing recurrent apoplexy. This occurred at a rate of 2.2 cases per 100 patient-years of follow-up. There were no major differences in demographic factors, such as hypertension or anticoagulation use. There were no differences in tumor locations, cavernous sinus invasion, or tumor volumes (6.84 ± 4.61 vs. 9.15 ± 8.45 cm, p = 0.5). Patients with recurrent apoplexy were less likely to present with headache (27.3%) or ophthalmoplegia (9.1%). Recurrent apoplexy was associated with prior radiation (0.0 vs. 27.3%, p = 0.0001) and prior subtotal resection (10.6 vs. 90.9%, p = 0.0001) compared with first time apoplexy. The mean time to recurrent apoplexy was 48.3 ± 76.9 months and no differences in overall follow-up were seen in this group.

Conclusion Recurrent pituitary apoplexy represents a rare event with limited understanding of pathophysiology. Prior STR and radiation treatment are associated with an increased risk. The relatively long time from the first apoplectic event to a recurrence suggests long-term patient follow-up is necessary.
Stepping closer to transparent, flexible electronics with new calculation methods
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: September 2021

Theoretically investigating Raman modes of tin sulfide, a promising material for transparent electronics.
Developing shared languages
Authors: Whitehouse Marlies , Rahm Henrik , Wozniak Séverine , Breunig Steven , De Nardi Gianni , Dionne Frédérick , Fujio Misa , Graf Eva-Maria , Matic Igor , McKenna Christopher J. , Steiner Felix , Sviķe Silga
Published: September 2021

This issue of the AILA Review focuses on transdisciplinarity as the key to developing shared languages in and across domains and professional settings. The relationship and collaboration between researchers and practitioners have long been discussed within and across applied sciences and theoretical disciplines, mainly in the framework of transdisciplinarity (see AILA Review 31, 2018, for a recent overview). However, research approaches that claim to combine theoretical and practical needs and expectations often lack either solid grounding in empirical data or thorough reflection from theoretical perspectives. This special issue aims to take the discussion further by rethinking transdisciplinarity systematically from theoretical and practical angles. In so doing, we focus on developing shared languages that facilitate communication and mutual learning in multistakeholder discourses – with the ultimate goal of sustainably solving socially relevant problems. In the introduction, we present working definitions of our topic’s key terms (Part 1). We then go through the topics, results, and main interconnections of the six approaches examined in the papers included in this issue (Part 2). Based on the insights from the discussion so far, we set up a framework to systematically analyse three dimensions of developing shared languages: negotiation process, interplay of key drivers, and seizing opportunities (Part 3).
Analysing and optimising Informed Consent in cooperation with ethics committees and medical researchers
Authors: Matic Igor , De Nardi Gianni , Steiner Felix
Published: September 2021

Medical researchers are ethically and legally required to inform participants and get written permission before
enrolling them into a human research project (Informed Consent). Accordingly, information and consent represent a
complex procedure, and the participant concerned “must receive comprehensible oral and written information” (Swiss legislation:
Human Research Act (HRA) Art. 16). A triangle of stakeholders is involved in the procedure: ethics committees that review and
approve research projects and Informed Consent (IC) documents, medical researchers who produce the documents and
discuss enrolment with patients, and patients who have to be informed comprehensibly. From a linguistic point of view, the
question arises as to which perceptions of comprehensibility form the basis of the IC process and how shared language can be
established considering the complex relationship between these stakeholders. This contribution presents findings from two
perspectives (ethics committees and researchers) while considering the needs of all three stakeholders. Firstly, the
conceptualisation of comprehensibility among three ethic committees is presented, and steps toward harmonisation are outlined.
Secondly, limitations of how researchers conduct oral IC information are analysed, and the measures that were implemented to
improve patient information are discussed. A transdisciplinary approach is key in establishing these solutions because they do not
stem from linguistic analysis alone but have been developed in close collaboration with members of ethics committees and medical
researchers. Thus, the project shows how the expertise of applied linguistics in cooperation with practitioners can deliver an
important impact in both academic analysis and optimisation of professional procedures.
A Holistic and Globally Applicable Indication System for Regional Electric-Energy-Water Security
Authors: Landwehr Tobias , Schomberg Anna , Pahl-Wostl Claudia
Published: September 2021

The seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were designed to lead the modern Anthropocene to a lifestyle that was demanded by the Brundtland commission. Their objective is a common good that does not exploit the planet’s environment and is thus long-term. Though virtually separated, contemporary research shows that the seventeen SDGs are in- tertwined. This is also the case for water and energy (SDG 6 and 7). The present research offers the first holistic indicator set that is designed to demonstrate the synergies and trade-offs between electrical energy gener- ation and necessary water supply. It is founded on the SDG principles, follows a mindset based on the security definition established by Grey and Sadoff and is designed around the various technical dependencies of electrical energy and water. The set endeavors to reflect the manifoldness by which electrical energy is dependent on water supply in a dynamic eco- logic, economic and social environment. As electrical energy and water interactions are identified for a regional level, the set is designed to be applicable on any administrative or basin area with moderate data avail- ability. Thereby, the set includes industrializing and non-industrialized countries. It is based on six main indicators and sixteen sub indicators and seen as conceptual design for further discussion before application. The present paper argues and presents how those indicators are formed, why they are need, how and why they should be applied and why it is necessary if not inevitable to design cross-SDG indicators in a holistic view.
Dark matter and nature of electroweak phase transition with an inert doublet
Authors: Fabian Sven , Goertz Florian , Jiang Yun
Published: September 2021

We provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the prospects to realize Dark Matter (DM) in the Inert Doublet Model, while simultaneously enhancing the Electroweak Phase Transition (EWPhT) such as to allow for electroweak baryogenesis. Instead of focusing on certain aspects or mass hierarchies, we perform extensive, yet fine-grained, parameter space scans, where we analyze the nature of the EWPhT in both the light and the heavy DM regions, confronting it with the amount of DM potentially residing in the lightest inert-doublet state. Thereby, we point out a viable region where a non-trivial two-step EWPhT can appear, without being in conflict with direct-detection bounds, which could leave interesting imprints in gravitational wave signatures. We propose new benchmarks with this feature as well as update benchmarks with a strong first-order transition in the light of new XENON1T limits. Moreover, taking into account these latest bounds as well as relevant collider constraints, we envisage a region for light DM with a small mass splitting, lifting the usual assumption of exact degeneracy of the new non-DM scalars, such as to avoid collider bounds while providing a fair DM abundance over a rather large DM mass range. This follows from a detailed survey of the impact of co-annihilations on the abundance, dissecting the various channels.
Radiation hardness study of the ePix100 sensor and ASIC under direct illumination at the European XFEL
Authors: Klačková I. , Ahmed K. , Blaj G. , Cascella M. , Cerantola V. , Chang C. , Dragone A. , Göde S. , Hauf S. , Kenney C. , Segal J. , Kuster M. , Šagátová A.
Published: September 2021

The ePix detector family provides multiple variants of hybrid pixel detectors to support a wide range of applications at free electron laser (FEL) facilities. The ePix detectors are by design versatile and easily re-configurable camera systems with common mechanical, electrical and data acquisition interfaces. Operation of detectors at FEL sources providing high brilliance, high repetition rate and ultra-short X-ray pulses poses a high risk of radiation damage to exposed detector components, such as the sensor and the readout Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Knowledge about radiation-induced damage is important for understanding its influence on the quality of scientific data and the lifetime of the detector. We present the results of a systematic study of the influence of radiation-induced damage on the performance and lifetime of an ePix100a detector module using a direct attenuated beam of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) at 9 keV photon energy and average power of 10 μW. An area of 20 pixels×20 pixels was irradiated with an average photon flux of ≈ 7× 109photons/s to a dose of approximately (760± 65) kGy at the location of the Si/SiO2interfaces in the sensor. A dose dependent increase in both offset and noise of the ePix100a detector have been observed originating from an increase of the sensor leakage current. Moreover, we observed an effect directly after irradiation resulting in the saturation of individual pixels by their dark current. Changes in gain are evaluated one and half hours post-irradiation and suggest damage to occur also on the ASIC level. Based on the obtained results, thresholds for beam parameters are deduced and the detector lifetime is estimated with respect to the requirements to the data quality in order to satisfy the scientific standards defined by the experiments. We conclude the detector can withstand a beam with an energy up to 1 μJ at a photon energy of 9 keV impacting on an area of 1 mm2. The detector can be used without significant degradation of its performance for several years if the incident photon beam intensities do not exceed the detector's dynamic range by at least three orders of magnitude. Our results provide valuable input for the operation of the ePix100a detector at FEL facilities and the design of future detector technology.
Derivation of an improved semi-empirical expression for the re-ionisation background in low energy ion scattering spectra
Authors: Koslowski H R , Linsmeier Ch
Published: September 2021

Low energy ion scattering is a technique to detect the energy of ions which are scattered from a surface. For noble gas ions, it is predominantly sensitive to the topmost surface layer due to strong neutralisation processes. Depending on the combination of projectile ion and target material, the scattering spectra can exhibit contributions resulting from multiple scattering processes in deeper layers when probing ions are re-ionised on the exiting trajectory. These events cause a pronounced continuum located toward lower scattering energies with respect to the direct scattering peak. In a previous work a semi-empirical formula has been given which allows fitting and derivation of quantitative information from the measured spectra [Nelson 1986 J. Vac Sci. Technol. A
4 1567-1569]. Based on the former work an improved formula is derived which has less numerical artefacts and is numerically more stable.
How can we know what we don’t know? A Commentary on: Sampling forests with terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Disney Mathias
Published: September 2021

This article comments on:

Peter B. Boucher, Ian Paynter, David A. Orwig Ilan Valencius and Crystal Schaaf, Sampling forests with terrestrial laser scanning, Annals of Botany, Volume 128, Issue 6, 2 November 2021, Pages 685–687 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab073
Reaction Time Task Performance in Concussed Athletes over a 30-Day Period: An Observational Study
Authors: Wilkes J R , Kelly J T , Walter A E , Slobounov S M
Published: September 2021

Objective

Reaction time is a common deficit following concussion, making its evaluation critical during return-to-play protocol. Without proper evaluation, an athlete may return-to-play prematurely, putting them at risk of further injury. Although often assessed, we propose that current clinical testing may not be challenging enough to detect lingering deficits. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine reaction time in concussed individuals three times over a 30-day period through the use of a novel reaction time device consisting of simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tasks.

Methods

Twenty-three concussed subjects completed simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tests at three different timepoints: within 7-, 14-, and 30-days of injury, and 21 healthy controls completed the three reaction time tasks during a single session.

Results

Independent t-tests revealed that for the simple reaction time task, concussed participants were only significantly slower at session 1 (p = .002) when compared to controls. Complex reaction time task results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower at session 1 (p = .0002), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .002). Go/no-go results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower than controls at session 1 (p = .003), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .001).

Conclusions

Concussed individuals display prolonged reaction time deficits beyond the acute phase of injury, illustrated using increasingly complex tasks.
Impaired Perception of Unintentional Transgression of Social Norms after Prefrontal Cortex Damage: Relationship to Decision Making, Emotion Recognition, and Executive Functions
Authors: Ouerchefani Riadh , Ouerchefani Naoufel , Ben Rejeb Mohamed Riadh , Le Gall Didier
Published: September 2021

Objective

Patients with prefrontal cortex damage often transgress social rules and show lower accuracy in identifying and explaining inappropriate social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability to perceive other unintentional transgressions of social norms and both decision making and emotion recognition as these abilities are critical for appropriate social behavior.

Method

We examined a group of patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage (N = 28) and a group of matched control participants (N = 28) for their abilities to detect unintentional transgression of social norms using the “Faux-Pas” task of theory of mind, to make advantageous decisions on the Iowa gambling task, and to recognize basic emotions on the Ekman facial affect test.

Results

The group of patients with frontal lobe damage was impaired in all of these tasks compared with control participants. Moreover, all the “Faux-Pas”, Iowa gambling, and emotion recognition tasks were significantly associated and predicted by executive measures of inhibition, flexibility, or planning. However, only measures from the Iowa gambling task were associated and predicted performance on the “Faux-Pas” task. These tasks were not associated with performance in recognition of basic emotions. These findings suggest that theory of mind, executive functions, and decision-making abilities act in an interdependent way for appropriate social behavior. However, theory of mind and emotion recognition seem to have distinct but additive effects upon social behavior. Results from VLSM analysis also corroborate these data by showing a partially overlapped prefrontal circuitry underlying these cognitive domains.
Inhibiting with-no-lysine kinases enhances K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 activity and limits status epilepticus
Authors: Lee Kathryn L , Abiraman Krithika , Lucaj Christopher , Ollerhead Thomas A , Brandon Nicholas J , Deeb Tarek Z , Maguire Jamie , Moss Stephen J
Published: September 2021

First-in-line benzodiazepine treatment fails to terminate seizures in about 30% of epilepsy patients, highlighting a need for novel anti-seizure strategies. It is emerging that impaired K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) activity leads to deficits in GABAergic inhibition and increased seizure vulnerability in patients. In neurons, the with-no-lysine (WNK) kinase-STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich (SPAK) kinase signalling pathway inhibits KCC2 activity via T1007 phosphorylation.

Here, we exploit the selective WNK kinase inhibitor WNK463 to test the effects of pharmacological WNK inhibition on KCC2 function, GABAergic inhibition, and epileptiform activity. Immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis revealed that WNK463 reduces KCC2-T1007 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Using patch-clamp recordings in primary rat neurons, we further observed that WNK463 hyperpolarized the Cl− reversal potential, and enhanced KCC2-mediated Cl− extrusion. In the 4-aminopyridine slice model of acute seizures, WNK463 administration reduced the frequency and number of seizure-like events. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice that received intrahippocampal WNK463 experienced delayed onset of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, less epileptiform EEG activity, and did not develop pharmaco-resistance to diazepam. Our findings demonstrate that acute WNK463 treatment potentiates KCC2 activity in neurons and limits seizure burden in two well-established models of seizures and epilepsy.

In summary, our work suggests that agents which act to increase KCC2 activity may be useful adjunct therapeutics to alleviate diazepam-resistant status epilepticus.
LIPCAR Is Increased in Chronic Symptomatic HF Patients. A Sub-Study of the GISSI-HF Trial
Authors: Meessen Jennifer M T A , Bär Christian , di Dona Filippo M , Staszewsky Lidia I , Di Giulio Paola , Di Tano Giuseppe , Costa Alessia , Leonardy Julia , Novelli Deborah , Nicolis Enrico B , Masson Serge , Pinet Florence , Thum Thomas , Latini Roberto
Published: September 2021

Background

The long noncoding RNA LIPCAR (Long Intergenic noncoding RNA Predicting CARdiac remodeling) has emerged as a promising biomarker in cardiac disease and cardiac remodeling. To determine whether LIPCAR levels help for a molecular phenotyping of chronic heart failure (HF) patients, this study assessed the association of LIPCAR with severity of the disease and its progression, and with risk of death or hospitalization in HF patients.

Methods

LIPCAR was measured in plasma of 967 HF patients with symptomatic heart failure participating in the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Insufficienza Cardiaca - Heart Failure (GISSI-HF) biohumoral sub-study.

Results

Plasma levels of LIPCAR were significantly associated with functional impairment as assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, kidney function as reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate, and creatinine, hemoglobin and mitral insufficiency. In females, these associations were more marked as compared to males. LIPCAR plasma levels were significantly related to the two cardiac markers, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, but not to inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3, nor to patient reported outcomes such as depression and quality of life. HF patients with high LIPCAR levels univariately showed significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular hospitalizations but not of death; after adjusting for covariates, no significant effects of LIPCAR were found for cardiovascular hospitalizations.

Conclusion

The circulating long noncoding RNA LIPCAR was increased in HF patients with higher NYHA class, impaired kidney function, and lower hemoglobin, which are indicators of patients’ overall state.