bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 345 KV TRANSMISSION LINE LENGTH AND THE OUTAGE RATE
Authors: SOHN SO YOUNG
Published: November 2004

Finding the factors that are related to varying transmission outage rates has been one of the major concerns of the reliability practitioners in the electric power industry. One of the potentially influential factors is the length of the transmission line. In this paper, a random effects Poisson regression model is used to quantify the relationship between the outage rate to the transmission line length. The method suggested is applied to analyze two sets of the 345 KV transmission line outage data of the Commonwealth Edison Company: group 1 contains transmission lines that had been installed before January 1974; group 2 consists of the lines that have been installed since January 1974. Results indicate that in both cases there is a significant log linear relationship between the transmission line outage and the line length. However, the annual outage rate elasticity of transmission lines of group 2 turns to be 0.33 while that of group 1 is 0.64. This would imply apparent quality improvement on the transmission lines in group 2.
A TWO-RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROBLEM ACCORDING TO AN EXPONENTIAL OBJECTIVE: OPTIMUM DISTRIBUTION OF SEARCHING EFFORT
Authors: ICHIMORI TETSUO , MASUYAMA HIROSHI , YAMADA SHIGERU
Published: November 2004

The resource allocation problem has been studied in a variety of applications. This problem usually has only one constraint, i.e., the amount of resource to be allocated is constant. Considering its application areas, however, it is important to treat multiresource problems. In this paper we consider a two-resource allocation problem with an exponential objective function. Though this problem is a nonlinear programming problem, we show that it can be solved in strongly polynomial time.
Central angiotensin II AT1 receptors mediate fetal swallowing and pressor responses in the near-term ovine fetus
Authors: El-Haddad Mostafa A. , Ismail Yaser , Gayle Dave , Ross Michael G.
Published: November 2004

Swallowed volumes in the fetus are greater than adult values (per body weight) and serve to regulate amniotic fluid volume. Central ANG II stimulates swallowing, and nonspecific ANG II receptor antagonists inhibit both spontaneous and ANG II-stimulated swallowing. In the adult rat, AT1 receptors mediate both stimulated drinking and pressor activities, while the role of AT2 receptors is controversial. As fetal brain contains increased ANG II receptors compared with the adult brain, we sought to investigate the role of both AT1 and AT2 receptors in mediating fetal swallowing and pressor activities. Five pregnant ewes with singleton fetuses (130 ± 1 days) were prepared with fetal vascular and lateral ventricle (LV) catheters and electrocorticogram and esophageal electromyogram electrodes and received three studies over 5 days. On day 1 (ANG II), following a 2-h basal period, 1 ml artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was injected in the LV. At time 4 h, ANG II (6.4 μg) was injected in the LV, and the fetus was monitored for a final 2 h. On day 3, AT1 receptor blocker (losartan 0.5 mg) was administered at 2 h, and ANG II plus losartan was administered at 4 h. On day 5, AT2 receptor blocker (PD-123319; 0.8mg) was administered at 2 h and ANG II plus PD-123319 at 4 h. In the ANG II study, LV injection of ANG II significantly increased fetal swallowing (0.9 ± 0.1 to 1.4 ± 0.1 swallows/min; P < 0.05). In the losartan study, basal fetal swallowing significantly decreased in response to blockade of AT1 receptors (0.9 ± 0.1 to 0.4 ± 0.1 swallows/min; P < 0.05), while central injection of ANG II in the presence of AT1 receptor antagonism did not increase fetal swallowing (0.6 ± 0.1 swallows/min). In the PD-123319 study, basal fetal swallowing did not change in response to blockade of AT2 receptor (0.9 ± 0.1 swallows/min), while central injection of ANG II in the presence of AT2 blockade significantly increased fetal swallowing (1.5 ± 0.1 swallows/min; P < 0.05). ANG II caused significant pressor responses in the control and PD-123319 studies but no pressor response in the presence of AT1 blockade. These data demonstrate that in the near-term ovine fetus, AT1 receptor but not AT2 receptors accessible via CSF contribute to dipsogenic and pressor responses.
A model for estimating joint maternal-offspring effects on seed development in autogamous plants
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Mark C. K. , Wang Xuelu , Larkins Brian A. , Gallo-Meagher Maria , Wu Rongling
Published: November 2004

We present a statistical model for testing and estimating the effects of maternal-offspring genome interaction on the embryo and endosperm traits during seed development in autogamous plants. Our model is constructed within the context of maximum likelihood implemented with the EM algorithm. Extensive simulations were performed to investigate the statistical properties of our approach. We have successfully identified a quantitative trait locus that exerts a significant maternal-offspring interaction effect on amino acid contents of the endosperm in maize, demonstrating the power of our approach. This approach will be broadly useful in mapping endosperm traits for many agriculturally important crop plants and also make it possible to study the genetic significance of double fertilization in the evolution of higher plants.
Strong asymptotics for Lp extremal polynomials off a complex curve
Authors: Khaldi Rabah
Published: November 2004

We study the asymptotic behavior of Lp(σ) extremal polynomials with respect to a measure of the form σ = α + γ, where α is a measure concentrated on a rectifiable Jordan curve in the complex plane and γ is a discrete measure concentrated on an infinite number of mass points.
A trial design for evaluation of empiric programming of implantable cardioverter defibrillators to improve patient management
Authors: Morgan John M , Sterns Laurence D , Hanson Jodi L , Ousdigian Kevin T , Otterness Mary F , Wilkoff Bruce L
Published: November 2004

The delivery of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy is sophisticated and requires the programming of over 100 settings. Physicians tailor these settings with the intention of optimizing ICD therapeutic efficacy, but the usefulness of this approach has not been studied and is unknown. Empiric programming of settings such as anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) has been demonstrated to be effective, but an empiric approach to programming all VT/VF detection and therapy settings has not been studied. A single standardized empiric programming regimen was developed based on key strategies with the intention of restricting shock delivery to circumstances when it is the only effective and appropriate therapy. The EMPIRIC trial is a worldwide, multi-center, prospective, one-to-one randomized comparison of empiric to physician tailored programming for VT/VF detection and therapy in a broad group of about 900 dual chamber ICD patients. The trial will provide a better understanding of how particular programming strategies impact the quantity of shocks delivered and facilitate optimization of complex ICD programming.
Deducing Drop Size and Impact Velocity from Circular Bloodstains
Authors: Hulse-Smith L , Mehdizadeh NZ , Chandra S
Published: November 2004

An experimental study was done to determine the diameter and velocity of blood drops falling on a surface by measuring the size of bloodstains they produced and counting the number of radial spines projecting from them. Bloodstains were formed by releasing drops of pig blood with a range of diameters (3.0–4.3 mm) and impact velocities (2.4–4.9 m/s), onto four different flat surfaces (glass, steel, plastic, paper) with varying roughness (0.03–2.9 µm). High-speed photography was used to record drop impact dynamics. Bloodstain diameters and the number of spines formed around the rim of stains increased with impact velocity and drop diameter. Increasing surface roughness reduced stain diameter and promoted merging of spines, diminishing their number. Equations are presented that explicitly relate drop diameter and impact velocity to measurements of stain diameter and number of spines.
Individuality of Handwritten Arabic Numerals in Local Population
Authors: Li C , Poon N , Fung W , Yang C
Published: November 2004

This paper reports the statistical study of writing habits for Arabic Numerals of 187 subjects in Hong Kong. A classification system of writing habits for Arabic numerals based on assigned codes of characteristic features such as slant, writing direction, relative position of strokes, angularity of turnings, shape of initial and ending strokes, etc. was developed. A set of characteristic codes representing the profile of writing habits pertaining to Arabic numerals was assigned to each writer. Apart from the distribution of characteristic features, statistical analysis of the assigned codes demonstrated homogeneity of individual hand-writing patterns. It has been shown that irrespective of the structural simplicity of Arabic numerals, no two individuals exhibited the same set of characteristic codes. The findings support the hypothesis of individuality in handwriting.
Review of: Forensic Pathology Reviews: Volume 1
Authors: Weedn VW
Published: November 2004

Forensic Pathology Reviews is a new (April 2004) and ambitious series published by Humana Press and edited by Michael Tsokos, MD of the Institute of Legal Medicine at the University of Hamburg. It is a part of an explosive growth in forensic publications that is difficult not to link to the recent interest from the spate of television shows or forensics. However, the introduction to the series correctly refers to a significant expansion of scientific progress in the forensic sciences and states: “The Forensics Pathology Reviews knowledge on special topics in the field, focusing closely on the dynamic and rapidly growing evolution of medical science and law.” The introduction further states that the series is intended to take a problem-oriented approach and provide comprehensive and well documented reviews of the international literature with insights into new diagnostic techniques.
Hemophagocytosis exacerbated by G‐CSF/GM‐CSF treatment in a patient with myelodysplasia
Authors: Wang Sa , Degar Barbara A. , Zieske Arthur , Shafi Nelofar Q. , Rose Michal G.
Published: November 2004

We describe a 75‐year‐old man with neutropenia in whom bone marrow aspirate and biopsy demonstrated hemophagocytosis associated with myelodysplasia (MDS). Therapy with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and granulocyte‐monocyte‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) caused splenomegaly and severe thrombocytopenia, which recurred upon rechallenge. We propose that myeloid growth factors may be detrimental in patients with MDS‐associated hemophagocytosis. Am. J. Hematol. 77:391–396, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma kinetics of a cholesterol‐rich microemulsion in subjects with heterozygous β‐thalassemia
Authors: Naoum Flávio A. , Gualandro Sandra F.M. , Latrilha Maria da Conceição M. , Maranhão Raul C.
Published: November 2004

Patients with β‐thalassemia trait have been reported to present lower plasma concentrations of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower frequencies of acute myocardial infarction than normal subjects. In this study, the metabolism of LDL was tested in 12 patients with heterozygous β‐thalassemia trait (HBT) and 13 healthy subjects without the disease by determining the plasma kinetics of an artificially made cholesterol‐rich microemulsion (LDE) that mimics the LDL metabolism and binds to LDL receptors. The emulsion was labeled with 14C‐cholesterol ester and injected intravenously into the subjects. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals over 24 hr to determine the plasma decay curve of the emulsion radioactive label and to estimate its plasma fractional clearance rate (FCR, in hr−1). FCR of the 14C‐cholesterol ester was greater in HBT compared to controls (0.0631 ± 0.0178 hr−1 and 0.0501 ± 0.0094 hr−1, respectively; mean ± SD, P = 0.022). No differences were found regarding LDL cholesterol plasma concentration between the two groups, but apolipoprotein B concentration was lower in HBT than in control subjects (80 ± 44 and 96 ± 14, respectively; mean ± SD, P = 0.026). Our results show that LDE FCR is increased in HBT, indicating that LDL clearance is increased in patients with β‐thalassemia trait possibly due to the increased proliferation in the bone marrow of erythroid precursors. Am. J. Hematol. 77:340–345, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombosis associated with l‐asparaginase therapy and low fibrinogen levels in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Beinart Garth , Damon Lloyd
Published: November 2004

l‐Asparaginase is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of both adult and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A major complication is thrombosis, resulting from reduced synthesis of proteins such as antithrombin III. Hypofibrinogenemia, also a side effect, may be a marker of thrombosis and decreased protein synthesis. A retrospective chart review of identically treated patients revealed 9 thrombotic events among 93 patients (10%), 6 (7%) occurring during treatment cycles including l‐asparaginase. Twelve (13%) patients had fibrinogen levels <50 mg/dL. Of these, 3 (25%) suffered a thrombotic event. This results in a specificity of 90% and a relative risk of 10 (P = 0.014). Therefore, a fibrinogen <50 mg/dL may serve as a marker for a hypercoagulable state in ALL patients receiving l‐asparaginase. Am. J. Hematol. 77:331–335, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical workload, ergonomic problems, and incidence of low back injury: A 7.5‐year prospective study of San Francisco transit operators
Authors: Krause Niklas , Rugulies Reiner , Ragland David R. , Syme S. Leonard
Published: November 2004

Background

The etiologic role of biomechanical factors for low back injury (LBI) needs to be confirmed in prospective studies that control for psychosocial factors.

Methods

Complete baseline information on 1,233 vehicle operators was gathered during medical examinations and by questionnaire. First LBI during 7.5 years of follow‐up was ascertained from insurance records. Hazard ratios and etiologic fractions were analyzed with Cox regression models stratified by injury severity and controlling for age, sex, height, weight, ethnicity, and biomechanical and psychosocial job factors. Severe LBI was defined as medically diagnosed postlaminectomy syndrome, spinal stenosis, herniated lumbar disc, sciatica, or spinal instability.

Results

An exponential dose–response relationship was found between weekly driving hours and incidence of first LBI. Indicators of physical workload were more strongly associated with more severe low back injuries compared to less severe injuries. Rates of severe LBI increased 39% for every 10‐hr increase in weekly driving (hazard ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.68). Higher risks of severe LBI were also found among operators performing heavy physical labor on cable cars (hazard ratio 2.76, 95% confidence intervals 1.24–6.14) or reporting more ergonomic problems at baseline (HR for upper quartile 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.08–2.50). Estimates of etiologic fractions suggest that reduction of ergonomic problems to the low level currently experienced by 25% of drivers would result in a 19% reduction of severe LBI among all drivers. A change from full‐ (more than 30 hr) to part‐time driving (20–30 hr) could reduce the number of severe LBI by 59%, although this gain would be reduced to 28% at the company level if injuries expected among additional employees, hired to maintain full service are included.

Conclusions

Duration of professional driving and ergonomic problems are independent and preventable risk factors for LBI even after adjustment for psychosocial factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:570–585, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Field evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer in workers living at a high altitude: A follow‐up investigation
Authors: Taylor Lauralynn , Ashley Kevin , Jones Robert L. , Deddens James A.
Published: November 2004

Background

Field‐portable instruments can offer expeditious analytical results to health professionals in field settings and in areas lacking laboratory infrastructure. This study further evaluated an electroanalytical field‐portable instrument, which rapidly analyzes blood lead concentrations.

Methods

A portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) instrument was evaluated utilizing paired samples from 243 employees working at an elevation of approximately 3,800 meters in Peru. Each worker donated two venous blood samples, one of which was analyzed by the ASV device and the other by a reference analytical method, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).

Results

According to the GFAAS results, the mean blood lead concentration measured was 46(±16) μg/dl; this was significantly greater than the mean ASV measurement of 32(±11) μg/dl (paired t‐test; P < 0.0001). The accuracy of the ASV estimation decreased as the measured blood lead concentration increased.

Conclusions

The results from this investigation were significantly different from the previous study, which was conducted near sea level. The exact causes for the discrepancies between the portable ASV results from the two studies are unclear, but are thought to be related to differences in blood chemistry between the Midwestern United States and Peruvian Andes worker cohorts. Portable ASV blood lead measurements from populations living at high altitudes should be viewed with caution. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:656–662, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the size and type of free particulates collected from unused asbestos‐containing brake components as related to potential for respirability
Authors: Atkinson Mark A.L. , O'Sullivan Michael , Zuber Sylvia , Dodson Ronald F.
Published: November 2004

Background

Chrysotile asbestos has found multiple applications in the production of friction products. At one point it comprised 40–50% of the composition of brake linings thus generating the potential for the development of asbestos related diseases in millions of workers involved in vehicle repairs. While some attention has been given to the health status of workers involved in the handling of worn components, little has been given to the potential for exposure during the handling and fitting of new (unused) components as replacement parts.

Methods

Unused brake linings or brake shoes with attached linings from four different sources were gently rinsed with prefiltered water that was then collected on filters for analysis by Analytical Transmission Electron Microscope.

Results

Large numbers of chrysotile asbestos containing structures, the majority of respirable size, were present in each sample.

Conclusions

We conclude that any manipulation of new asbestos containing brake components would be expected to yield free dust containing chrysotile asbestos of respirable size. That the vast majority of these fibers and particulates would not be counted as regulated fibers rendering assessment of potential exposures in the work place, based on data of Permissible Exposure Limits or Regulated Fibers, questionable. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:545–553, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work‐related upper limb amputations in Taiwan, 1999–2001
Authors: Liang Huey‐Wen , Chen Ssu‐Yuan , Hsu Jin‐Huei , Chang Chein‐Wei
Published: November 2004

Background

Work‐related upper limb amputations account for a significant number of occupational injuries. This study analyzes the nationwide incidence of work‐related amputations of upper limbs in Taiwan by using the workers' compensation database.

Methods

A total of 2,950 cases were retrieved and analyzed from the database of workers' compensatory disability claims between the years 1999 and 2001.

Results

The cases were workers with an average age of 39.1 years, of whom 23.0% were female, the highest percentage of cases was in the 30–49 age group, but the incidence based on insured population was the highest for those under 20 years old. About 96% of the cases involved finger amputation, and 85% of all amputations were related to common powered machines. The average annual incidence of disability claims due to occupational amputation of upper extremities was 12.5 per 100,000 workers. Claims were most prevalent among manufacturing workers and male workers. The male to female risk ratios ranged from 2.62 for manufacturing workers to 9.05 for transport, storage and communication workers by the Poisson regression analysis.

Conclusions

Young male manufacturing workers were at high risk of occupational amputation of upper extremities in Taiwan. These results provide an epidemiological base for developing a prevention strategy. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:649–655, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnoses, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers
Authors: Caruso Claire C. , Lusk Sally L. , Gillespie Brenda W.
Published: November 2004

Background

Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common in shift workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedules and GI symptoms, medications, and diagnoses.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional survey of 343 US auto factory workers, four work schedule variables were examined: assigned shift, number of hours worked, number of night hours, and schedule variability. Multiple regression tested the relationship between GI outcomes and work schedule variables while controlling for covariates.

Results

The evening shift was associated with more GI symptoms and GI diagnoses. Unexpectedly, more consistent work times were associated with having a GI diagnosis. As schedule variability increased the probability of GI medication use increased in low noise exposure.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that evening shift and widely varying work start and end times may increase risks for GI disturbances. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:586–598, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvent‐related health effects among construction painters with decreasing exposure
Authors: Kaukiainen Ari , Riala Riitta , Martikainen Rami , Akila Ritva , Reijula Kari , Sainio Markku
Published: November 2004

Background

The prevalence of solvent‐related symptoms among construction painters is unclear due to their declining exposure.

Methods

A questionnaire study was conducted on 1000 male Finnish construction painters and 1000 carpenters. Symptom questions were combined with exposure parameters, medical history, and health behavior.

Results

Highly significant associations were found between cumulative intensity of long‐term solvent exposure (CE‐LT) and symptoms of memory and concentration, and mood. CE‐LT was a better measure of solvent exposure than the number of years as a painter. Exposure was also associated with diagnosed psychiatric disorders, hypertension and arrhythmia. Recent exposure in the 1990s had no major effect on symptoms.

Conclusions

The results strengthen the dose‐response relationship of exposure and long‐term neurotoxic effects. No clear association was found between recent exposure and symptoms. Cardiovascular effects in solvent‐exposed construction painters is further suggested. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:627–636, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shared components of protein complexes—versatile building blocks or biochemical artefacts?
Authors: Krause Roland , von Mering Christian , Bork Peer , Dandekar Thomas
Published: November 2004

Protein complexes perform many important functions in the cell. Large‐scale studies of protein–protein interactions have not only revealed new complexes but have also placed many proteins into multiple complexes. Whilst the advocates of hypothesis‐free research touted the discovery of these shared components as new links between diverse cellular processes, critical commentators denounced many of the findings as artefacts, thus questioning the usefulness of large‐scale approaches. Here, we survey proteins known to be shared between complexes, as established in the literature, and compare them to shared components found in high‐throughput screens. We discuss the various challenges to the identification and functional interpretation of bona fide shared components, namely contaminants, variant and megacomplexes, and transient interactions, and suggest that many of the novel shared components found in high‐throughput screens are neither the results of contamination nor central components, but appear to be primarily regulatory links in cellular processes. BioEssays 26:1333–1343, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A panorama of lineage‐specific transcription in hematopoiesis
Authors: Kluger Yuval , Lian Zheng , Zhang Xueqing , Newburger Peter E. , Weissman Sherman M.
Published: November 2004

The hematopoietic system consists of more than ten differentiated cell types, all of which are derived from a single type of hematopoietic stem cell. The accessibility and interest of this system have made it a model for understanding normal and abnormal differentiation of mammalian cells. Newer techniques have generated a mass of data that requires integrative approaches for analysis and interpretation. The traditional view of the differentiation program holds that a small number of regulators are involved in each stage of cell specification. However, this may not be the case. Recent analyses have shown that almost all substantial subsets of genes, including the set of broadly expressed transcription factors, are expressed in patterns that are unique for each lineage. Further, much of this difference between lineages can be captured in two‐dimensional graphs. Understanding the biologic significance, mechanisms and constraints underlying these differences is a challenge for experimentalists and computational biologists alike. BioEssays 26:1276–1287, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin and its receptor: structure, function and evolution
Authors: De Meyts Pierre
Published: November 2004

I present here a personal perspective on more than three decades of research into the structural biology of the insulin–receptor interaction. The solution of the three‐dimensional structure of insulin in 1969 provided a detailed understanding of the insulin surfaces involved in self‐assembly. In subsequent years, hundreds of insulin analogues were prepared by insulin chemists and molecular biologists, with the goal of relating the structure to the biological function of the molecule. The design of methods for direct receptor‐binding studies in the 1970s, and the cloning of the receptor in the mid 1980s, provided the required tools for detailed structure–function studies. In the absence of a full three‐dimensional structure of the insulin–receptor complex, I attempt to assemble the existing pieces of the puzzle generated by our and other laboratories, in order to generate a plausible mechanistic model of the insulin–receptor interaction that explains its kinetics and negative cooperativity. BioEssays 26:1351–1362, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Structure, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cross‐Conjugated Perphenylated iso‐Polydiacetylenes
Authors: Zhao Yuming , Slepkov Aaron D. , Akoto Clement Osei , McDonald Robert , Hegmann Frank A. , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: November 2004

Monodisperse, cross‐conjugated perphenylated iso‐polydiacetylene (iso‐PDA) oligomers, ranging from monomer 15 to pentadecamer 25, have been synthesized by using a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling protocol. Structural characteristics elucidated by X‐ray crystallographic analysis demonstrate a non‐planar backbone conformation for the oligomers due to the steric interactions between alkylidene phenyl groups. The electronic absorption spectra of the oligomers show a slight red‐shift of the maximum absorption wavelength as the chain length increases from dimer 17 b to pentadecamer 25, a trend that has saturated by the stage of nonamer 22. Fluorescence spectroscopy confirms that the pendent phenyl groups present on the oligomer framework enhance emission, and the relative emission intensity consistently increases as a function of chain length n. The molecular third‐order nonlinearities, γ, for this oligomer series have been measured via differential optical Kerr effect (DOKE) detection and show a superlinear increase as a function of the oligomer chain length n. Molecular modeling and spectroscopic studies suggest that iso‐PDA oligomers (n>7) adopt a coiled, helical conformation in solution.
Expeditious Asymmetric Synthesis of a Stereoheptad Corresponding to the C(19)–C(27)‐Ansa Chain of Rifamycins: Formal Total Synthesis of Rifamycin S
Authors: Turks Māris , Huang Xiaogen , Vogel Pierre
Published: November 2004

In the presence of sulfur dioxide and an acid promoter, (−)‐(1E,3Z)‐2‐methyl‐1‐((1S)‐1‐phenylethoxy)penta‐1,3‐dien‐3‐yl isobutyrate reacts with (Z)‐3‐(trimethylsilyloxy)pent‐2‐ene giving a silyl sulfinate intermediate that undergoes, in the presence of palladium catalyst, a desilylation and retro‐ene elimination of SO2 with formation of (−)‐(1Z,2S,3R,4S)‐1‐ethylidene‐2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐3‐((1S)‐1‐phenylethoxy)‐heptyl isobutyrate as major product. This ethyl ketone undergoes cross‐aldol reaction with (2S)‐2‐methyl‐3‐[(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]propanal giving an aldol that is reduced into a stereoheptad corresponding to the C(19)‐C(27)‐segment of Rifamycins with high diastereoselectivity and enantiomeric excess.
Spontaneous Gas‐Phase Generation of Needle‐Shaped Clusters which Violate the Isolated Square Rule: A Facile Road to GaN Nanorods?
Authors: Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Schaefer Henry F. III
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NaSCN: Striking Differences Between Its Gas‐Phase and Crystal‐Phase Structure: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Olah Julianna , Van Alsenoy Christian , Veszpremi Tamas
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Growth, Structure, and Superconducting Properties of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 and (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10‐y Crystals.
Authors: Giannini E. , Garnier V. , Clayton N. , Musolino N. , Gladyshevskii R. , Fluekiger R.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New 3‐D Open‐Framework Zinc Phosphate [C6H16N2]× [Zn2(HPO4)3] Synthesized by a Solvothermal Combinatorial Approach.
Authors: Song Yu , Yu Jihong , Li Yi , Zhang Min , Xu Ruren
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer Reactions Using Tartrate‐Derived Asymmetric Two‐Center Organocatalysts.
Authors: Ohshima Takashi , Shibuguchi Tomoyuki , Fukuta Yuhei , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4,4′‐Disubstituted BINAPs for Highly Enantioselective Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Hu Aiguo , Ngo Helen L. , Lin Wenbin
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interaction of 5‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐2,3‐diones with Functionally Substituted Hydrazides and Diaminoglyoxal Diphenylhydrazone.
Authors: Nekrasov D. D. , Kol'tsova S. V. , Radishevskaya M. A.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrophobic Polymer‐Supported Scandium Catalyst for Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions in Water.
Authors: Iimura Shinya , Manabe Kei , Kobayashi Shu
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Olefination of α‐Hydroxy or α‐Aminoaldehyde Derivatives via Reaction of Their Arylsulfonylhydrazones with Sulfonyl Anions.
Authors: Wicha Jerzy , Zarecki Andrzej
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regio‐ and Chemoselective Direct Generation of Functionalized Aromatic Aluminum Compounds Using Aluminum Ate Base.
Authors: Uchiyama Masanobu , Naka Hiroshi , Matsumoto Yotaro , Ohwada Tomohiko
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Practical Synthesis of Carbamates Using an “in‐situ” Generated Polymer‐Supported Chloroformate.
Authors: Mormeneo David , Llebaria Amadeu , Delgado Antonio
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polymerization of Cyclic Monomers. Part 11. Synthesis and Radical Polymerization of Various 2‐Cyclopropylacrylates.
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Bagutski Viktor , Zeuner Frank , Fischer Urs Karl , Rheinberger Volker , Moszner Norbert
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Cyclopentadienones Through Ring Contraction of 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Sil Diptesh , Sharon Ashoke , Maulik Prakas R. , Ram Vishnu Ji
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane Skeletons by Ring‐Closing Metathesis: A New Versatile Methodology for the Efficient Assembly of Functionalized Cyclooctanoids.
Authors: Michaut Antoine , Miranda‐Garcia Sonia , Menendez J. Carlos , Rodriguez Jean
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ligand‐, Copper‐, and Amine‐Free Sonogashira Reaction of Aryl Iodides and Bromides with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Urgaonkar Sameer , Verkade John G.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyrrole Syntheses Based on Titanium‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Diynes.
Authors: Ramanathan Balasubramanian , Keith Adam J. , Armstrong Douglas , Odom Aaron L.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Some Chemical Conversions of 2‐([2,2]‐5‐Paracyclophanyl)pyrrole.
Authors: Varlamov A. V. , Borisova T. N. , Nsabimana Boniface , Chernyshev A. I. , Aleksandrov G. G. , Voskressensky L. G.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polytriazoles as Copper(I)‐Stabilizing Ligands in Catalysis.
Authors: Chan Timothy R. , Hilgraf Robert , Sharpless K. Barry , Fokin Valery V.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselectivity in Nickel(0) Catalyzed Cycloadditions of Carbon Dioxide with Diynes.
Authors: Tekavec Thomas N. , Arif Atta M. , Louie Janis
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Furobenzopyrones.
Authors: Pandey V. K. , Singh V. K. , Tandon M. , Joshi M. N. , Bajpai S. K.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylic Acid (5‐Methyl‐3‐isoxazolyl) and (3‐Methyl‐5‐styryl‐4‐isoxazolyl) Amides as Potential Bioactive Compounds.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Ramu K. , Ramesh P.
Published: November 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of a Quinoline‐3,4‐dicarboximide Library on Inorganic Solid Supports.
Authors: Mortoni Annalisa , Martinelli Marisa , Piarulli Umberto , Regalia Nickolas , Gagliardi Stefania
Published: November 2004

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Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Ethyl 3‐Oxo‐2H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridine‐7‐carboxylates.
Authors: Bevk David , Jakse Renata , Golobic Amalija , Golic Ljubo , Meden Anton , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko
Published: November 2004

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Novel Substituted 4‐Phenyl‐[1,3]dioxanes: Potent and Selective Orexin Receptor 2 (OX2R) Antagonists.
Authors: McAtee Laura C. , Sutton Steven W. , Rudolph Dale A. , Li Xiaobing , Aluisio Leah E. , Phuong Victor K. , Dvorak Curt A. , Lovenberg Timothy W. , Carruthers Nicholas I. , Jones Todd K.
Published: November 2004

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Reaction of [1,4]Benzodioxinopyridazines with Sodium Methoxide and Amines.
Authors: Oishi Etsuo , Sugiyama Chitose , Iwamoto Ken‐ichi , Kato Ikuo
Published: November 2004

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A Convenient Synthesis of Trifluoromethylpyridazines from 3‐Hydrazono‐1,1,1‐trifluoroalkan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Kamitori Yasuhiro , Sekiyama Tomoko
Published: November 2004

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Condensation of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐thiazolines with 1,2‐Phenylenediamine as a Novel Effective Route to Thiazolo[3,4‐a]quinoxalines.
Authors: Mamedov Vakhid A. , Nurkhametova Ilsiyar Z. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Litvinov Igor A. , Tsuboi Sadao
Published: November 2004

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pteridine and Pyrazolopyrimidine Based Adenosine Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Gomtsyan Arthur , Didomenico Stanley , Lee Chih‐Hung , Stewart Andrew O. , Bhagwat Shripad S. , Kowaluk Elizabeth A. , Jarvis Michael F.
Published: November 2004

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The Preparation and Alkylation of a Butanedione‐Derived Chiral Glycine Equivalent and Its Use for the Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids and α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acids.
Authors: Harding Christopher I. , Dixon Darren J. , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2004

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Condensation of Ethyl 2‐Oxoindoline‐3‐glyoxylate with o‐Aminophenol and o‐Phenylenediamine.
Authors: Bolotov V. V. , Kovalenko S. N. , Kovaleva S. V. , Stepanenko V. I.
Published: November 2004

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(E)‐Cycloalkenes and (E,E)‐Cycloalkadienes by Ring Closing Diyne‐ or Enye‐yne Metathesis/Semi‐reduction.
Authors: Lacombe Fabrice , Radkowski Karin , Seidel Guenter , Fuerstner Alois
Published: November 2004

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α,α‐Difluoro‐β‐ketophosphonates as Potent Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B.
Authors: Li Xianfeng , Bhandari Ashok , Holmes Christopher P. , Szardenings Anna K.
Published: November 2004

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Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Ketones from Terpene Aldehydes.
Authors: Schueler Martin , Zorn Holger , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Berger Ralf G.
Published: November 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted, Tin‐Mediated, Regioselective 3‐O‐Alkylation of Galactosides.
Authors: Ballell Lluis , Joosten John A. F. , el Maate Fatna Ait , Liskamp Rob M. J. , Pieters Roland J.
Published: November 2004

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Synthesis of 4‐O‐Azomethino‐D‐glucopyranosides.
Authors: Ingle V. N. , Upadhyay U. G. , Kharche S. T.
Published: November 2004

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Assembling Heterocycle‐Tethered C‐Glycosyl and α‐Amino Acid Residues via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Massi Alessandro
Published: November 2004

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Synthesis of a Piperidone Model Compound and Revision of the Structures of Jenamidines A to C.
Authors: Snider Barry B. , Duvall Jeremy R. , Sattler Isabel , Huang Xueshi
Published: November 2004

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Sphingolipid Synthesis via Olefin Cross Metathesis: Preparation of a Differentially Protected Building Block and Application to the Synthesis of D‐erythro‐Ceramide.
Authors: Rai Anand Narain , Basu Amit
Published: November 2004

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Synthesis in the Field of Podophyllotoxin and Related Analogues. Part 12. Synthesis of Benzodioxan Analogue of Didemethoxy‐β‐apopicropodophyllin.
Authors: Shashikanth S. , Hegde Ganesh L.
Published: November 2004

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Design and Synthesis of Novel Cdc25A‐Inhibitors Having Phosphate Group as a Hydrophilic Residue.
Authors: Shimazawa Rumiko , Gochomori Mika , Shirai Ryuichi
Published: November 2004

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Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)‐Streptazolin by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Diyne Cyclization.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Chung Cheol K. , Pinkerton Anthony B.
Published: November 2004

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Atomic Layer Deposition of ZrO2 Thin Films Using Dichlorobis[bis‐(trimethylsilyl)amido]zirconium and Water.
Authors: Nam Won‐Hee , Rhee Shi‐Woo
Published: November 2004

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A Library Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐6‐phenylbenzofuran‐2‐carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester Derivatives as Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Hayakawa Ichiro , Shioya Rieko , Agatsuma Toshinori , Furukawa Hidehiko , Naruto Shunji , Sugano Yuichi
Published: November 2004

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Future Trends in High Intensity Neutron Powder Diffraction
Authors: Hansen Thomas C.
Published: November 2004

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Active Sites and Reactive Intermediates in Titanium Silicate Molecular Sieves
Authors: Ratnasamy P. , Srinivas D.
Published: November 2004

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NMR Studies of Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Grey Clare P. , Dupre Nicolas
Published: November 2004

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Metal Complexes with Novel Ambidentate Ligands: β‐Enaminovinylketones with Annelated 1,2‐Benzothiazine‐1,1‐Dioxide Fragment and Antipyrine Substituent
Authors: Garnovskii A. D. , Anpilova E. L. , Antsyshkina A. S. , Bicherov A. V. , Korshunov O. Yu. , Vasil'chenko I. S. , Uraev A. I. , Kharisov B. I. , Blanko L. M. , Sadikov G. G. , et al. et al.
Published: November 2004

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Complexes Containing Metal—Carbon σ‐Bonds of the Groups Iron, Cobalt and Nickel, Including Carbenes and Carbynes
Authors: King Philip J.
Published: November 2004

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Complexes Containing Metal—Carbon σ‐Bonds of Group 7 (Including Multiple Bonded Species)
Authors: Lynam Jason M.
Published: November 2004

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Five‐Membered Ring Systems with O and N Atoms
Authors: Cicchi Stefano , Cordero Franca M. , Giomi Donatella
Published: November 2004

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Five‐Membered Ring Systems with N and S (Se) Atoms
Authors: Wilkins David J. , Bradley Paul A.
Published: November 2004

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Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Furans and Benzofurans
Authors: Hou Xue‐Long , Yang Zhen , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: November 2004

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Three‐Membered Ring Systems
Authors: Padwa Albert , Murphree Shaun
Published: November 2004

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A Spectrum of Models of Signaling Pathways
Authors: Vayttaden Sharat J. , Ajay Sriram M. , Bhalla Upinder S.
Published: November 2004

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Lithium Batteries and Cathode Materials
Authors: Whittingham M. Stanley
Published: November 2004

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Passive Treatment of Acid Rock Drainage (ARD): State of the Practice
Authors: Filipek L. H. , Hatton C. , Gusek J. , Tsukamoto T.
Published: November 2004

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Fundamental Models for Fuel Cell Engineering
Authors: Wang Chao‐Yang
Published: November 2004

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Preparative—Semipreparative Separations of Peptides
Authors: Scanlon Denis B. , Finlayson James
Published: November 2004

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Fine Tuning of MLCT States in New Mononuclear Complexes of Ruthenium(II) Containing Tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane, 2,2′‐Bipyridine and Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Katz Néstor E. , Romero Isabel , Llobet Antoni , Parella Teodor , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi
Published: November 2004

The syntheses of new mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes of the type: [Ru(bpy)(L)(tpm)](PF6)2 {tpm = tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine; L = pz (pyrazine; 1), 4,4′‐bpy (4,4′‐bipyridine; 2), and bpe [trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene; 3]} are described, together with their spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photophysical properties. A complete assignment of the NMR resonances of the three species could be made in CD3CN by bidimensional techniques. A fine tuning of the energies of MLCT (metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) states in these complexes is disclosed when comparing, in CH3CN, the values of their maximum absorption wavelengths for the most intense visible bands (λmax) and their redox potentials for the RuIII/RuII couples; this effect, relevant to the design of efficient photocatalysts, can be attributed to a decreasing order of dπ(Ru) → π*(2,2′‐bpy) backbonding when decreasing the distance between both N atoms in the aromatic nitrogen heterocycle L that acts in a monodentate manner. Only the species with L = bpe emits at room temperature, pointing to the conclusion that MLCT excited states in this series become higher in energy than dd excited states when the value of λmax is lower than 400 nm. These species are also useful building blocks for new dinuclear mixed‐valent complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Acrylamide in heated potato products – analytics and formation routes
Authors: Weisshaar Rüdiger
Published: November 2004

Acrylamide is a highly polar, water‐soluble molecule with low, but significant volatility. Most common methods for determination of acrylamide are high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) after bromination, GC‐MS without and LC‐MS after derivatisation with mercaptobenzoic acid. The different clean‐up procedures used are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods are discussed. Acrylamide is formed during food preparation if free asparagine and reducing sugars are present, water activity is low and the product temperature exceeds 100 °C. The influence of different parameters on acrylamide formation in model systems is discussed. In fried potatoes the greatest amount of acrylamide is formed from asparagine and reducing sugars. Alternative routes of formation, as for example via acrolein and acrylic acid are much less important.
Chemistry, formation and occurrence of genotoxic heterocyclic aromatic amines in fried products
Authors: Murkovic Michael
Published: November 2004

Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are formed during heating of meat or fish. The precursors necessary for formation of these heterocyclic amines are amino acids that react with carbohydrates and creatinine. Creatinine is needed for the formation of polar amines with an imidazo‐quinoline or an imidazo‐quinoxaline structure. For the formation of the non‐polar amines no creatinine is needed. At temperatures of above 150 °C these substances are formed in the low ppb range. However, when the temperature is increased or the heating time is prolonged the concentration of the amines can reach levels of above 100 ppb. Heterocyclic amines are mutagenic in bacterial and animal test systems and carcinogenic in rodents. As the heterocyclic amines are not mutagenic by themselves they have to be activated with cytochrome P450 enzymes and N‐acetyl‐transferases or sulfotransferases. Epidemiological studies have revealed that the cancer risk is strongly associated with the uptake of thoroughly roasted meat in which the heterocyclic amines occur. As these substances are formed inherently, measures have to be taken to reduce the formation in meat or fish during cooking. These measures range from changing cooking habits to use with additives or breeding of animals with a genetically determined lower HA forming capability of the meat.