bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inferring Parameters of the Distribution of Fitness Effects of New Mutations When Beneficial Mutations Are Strongly Advantageous and Rare
Authors: Booker Tom R
Published: May 2020

Characterizing the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) for new mutations is central in evolutionary genetics. Analysis of molecular data under the McDonald-Kreitman test has suggested that adaptive substitutions make a substantial contribution to between-species divergence. Methods have been proposed to estimate the parameters of the distribution of fitness effects for positively selected mutations from the unfolded site frequency spectrum (uSFS). Such methods perform well when beneficial mutations are mildly selected and frequent. However, when beneficial mutations are strongly selected and rare, they may make little contribution to standing variation and will thus be difficult to detect from the uSFS. In this study, I analyze uSFS data from simulated populations subject to advantageous mutations with effects on fitness ranging from mildly to strongly beneficial. As expected, frequent, mildly beneficial mutations contribute substantially to standing genetic variation and parameters are accurately recovered from the uSFS. However, when advantageous mutations are strongly selected and rare, there are very few segregating in populations at any one time. Fitting the uSFS in such cases leads to underestimates of the strength of positive selection and may lead researchers to false conclusions regarding the relative contribution adaptive mutations make to molecular evolution. Fortunately, the parameters for the distribution of fitness effects for harmful mutations are estimated with high accuracy and precision. The results from this study suggest that the parameters of positively selected mutations obtained by analysis of the uSFS should be treated with caution and that variability at linked sites should be used in conjunction with standing variability to estimate parameters of the distribution of fitness effects in the future.
Outcomes, Resource Use, and Financial Costs of Unplanned Extubations in Preterm Infants
Authors: Hatch L. Dupree , Scott Theresa A. , Slaughter James C. , Xu Meng , Smith Andrew H. , Stark Ann R. , Patrick Stephen W. , Ely E. Wesley
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Unplanned extubations (UEs) in adult and pediatric populations are associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased costs. In-hospital outcomes and costs of UE in the NICU are not reported. Our objective was to determine the association of UE with clinical outcomes and costs in very-low-birth-weight infants.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective matched cohort study in our level 4 NICU from 2014 to 2016. Very-low-birth-weight infants without congenital anomalies admitted by 72 hours of age, who received mechanical ventilation (MV), were included. Cases (+UE) were matched 1:1 with controls (−UE) on the basis of having an equivalent MV duration at the time of UE in the case, gestational age, and Clinical Risk Index for Babies score. We compared MV days after UE in cases or the equivalent date in controls (postmatching MV), in-hospital morbidities, and hospital costs between the matched pairs using raw and adjusted analyses.

RESULTS:

Of 345 infants who met inclusion criteria, 58 had ≥1 UE, and 56 out of 58 (97%) were matched with appropriate controls. Postmatching MV was longer in cases than controls (median: 12.5 days; interquartile range [IQR]: 7 to 25.8 vs median 6 days; IQR: 2 to 12.3; adjusted odds ratio: 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.9–9.5). Inflation-adjusted total hospital costs were higher in cases (median difference: $49 587; IQR: −15 063 to 119 826; adjusted odds ratio: 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–8.9).

CONCLUSIONS:

UEs in preterm infants are associated with worse outcomes and increased hospital costs. Improvements in UE rates in NICUs may improve clinical outcomes and lower hospital costs.
Physical-chemical properties of exotic and native Brazilian fruits
Authors: Mendonça Veridiana Zocoler de , Vieites Rogério Lopes
Published: May 2020

Many fruit species are still not well-studied, despite being rich in bioactive substances that have functional properties. The objective of this article was to evaluate the antioxidant potential and characterize the physical-chemical characteristics of unconventional brazilian fruits (cabeludinha - Myrciaria glazioviana, sapoti - Manilkara zapota, pitomba - Talisia esculenta, yellow gumixama - Eugenia brasiliensis var. Leucocarpus and seriguela - Spondias purpurea). Total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, sugars, pigments, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were measured. Mature fruits were used in the analyses. Pitomba had high levels of soluble solids, 24.6 °Brix, while sapoti had 0.05 g malic acid 100 g-1 pulp. Yellow grumixama and seriguela had the highest concentrations of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Cabeludinha had a high concentration of phenolic compounds, 451.60 mg gallic acid 100 g-1 pulp. With the exception of sapoti, all fruits had a high antioxidant capacity (> 95%).
Economic evaluation of puberty induction of nulliparian Nellore heifers using intravaginal device and melengestrol acetate
Authors: Pereira Luiz Carlos , Ferreira Renan De Souza , Gonçalves Rony Fujii , Itavo Luis Carlos Vinhas , Kohl Endyara Signor , Dias Alexandre Menezes , Barbosa-Ferreira Marcos , Carvalho Cristiano Marcelo Espínola , Mateus Rodrigo Gonçalves
Published: May 2020

The present study evaluates the economic viability of puberty induction in nulliparous Bos taurus indicus Nellore breed heifers using an intravaginal device of fourth-use and melengestrol acetate (MGA®). The experiment was undertaken in the Nossa Senhora Aparecida Farm, Terenos city, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and was utilized a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. Two age classes were included in the study, which were divided into 348 precocious (early-cycle) heifers, aging 16-18 months, weighting an average of 264.6 kg and 543 conventional-cycle heifers aging 24-26 months averaging 346.8 kg. The three treatments were as follows: control without the induction of follicle formation (treatment 1); treatment 2: induction with an intravaginal implant (intravaginal implantation with a fourth-use progesterone implant on Day 0, withdrawal on Day 12, and application of 1 ml of intramuscular estradiol cypionate [ECP®]); and treatment 3, 2.3 g of MGA® during 12 days with supplement followed by 1 ml of intramuscular ECP® at the end of the treatment. Heifers induced via implantation had a higher rate of ovarian activity (presence of corpus luteum) during the early cycle (63.8% animals) while the conventional cycle (72.4%). This effect influenced the frequency of early stage anestrus (56%). Among the treatments evaluated, 72% of control heifers had no ovarian activity (absence of corpus luteum). In the group with implant induction the conception rates were 65.5% and 62.4% in early and conventional-cycle females, respectively. Puberty induction in Nellore heifers provides a high economic return. The protocol revealed highest efficiency compared to the control group.
Características morfológicas de variedades de café cultivadas en condiciones de sombra
Authors: Milla Pino Manuel Emilio , Oliva Cruz Segundo Manuel , Leiva Espinoza Santos Triunfo , Collazos Silva Roicer , Gamarra Torres Oscar Ándres , Barrena Gurbillón Miguel Ángel , Maicelo Quintana Jorge Luis
Published: May 2020

El cultivo de café es una de las principales actividades agrícolas en la región Amazonas de Perú. El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de las variedades Catimor, Maragogipe y Castillo de café (Coffea arabica), establecidas bajo un sistema agroforestal, empleando como sombra árboles de Eucalyptus torreliana, Colubrina glandulosa y Pinus tecunumanii. El estudio de inició en 2017 en el distrito de Huambo, Provincia de Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas-Perú. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño experimental en bloques completos al azar, y consistió en tres bloques y nueve tratamientos. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de planta, altura hasta la primera hoja, número de hojas, estado general de la planta y diámetro del tallo. La metodología utilizada consistió en análisis individual para cada tiempo, prueba de homogeneidad de varianzas y análisis conjunto en el tiempo para un mismo espacio, considerando la interacción tratamiento x tiempo, en evaluaciones a 30, 60, 90, 120 y 150 días después del establecimiento del cultivo. Los resultados indican que la variedad de café Castillo, tanto bajo sombra de P. tecunumanii como de C. glandulosa, presentó el mejor comportamiento agronómico; mientras que la variedad Maragogipe bajo sombra de E. torreliana o de C. glandulosa mostró un deficiente comportamiento agronómico.
Efecto de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares en clones de Coffea arabica, variedad caturra en Perú
Authors: Vallejos Torres Geomar , Sánchez Tito , García Marco A. , Trigoso Marcial , Arévalo Luis A.
Published: May 2020

Se probó el efecto de 12 inóculos de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en las características morfológicas de plantas clonales de café (Coffea arabica L.) variedad caturra, en invernadero en la provincia de Rodríguez de Mendoza, región Amazonas-Perú. Se implementó un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones y trece tratamientos. Los hongos micorrícicos fueron aislados de fincas cafetaleras y multiplicados con plantas trampas de maíz (Zea mays); del mismo modo, los clones de café fueron enraizados y simultáneamente repicados e inoculados con 1500 esporas, en sustrato esterilizado. La inoculación con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares resultó provechosa identificando a los tratamientos T1 (inóculo de San Nicolás - I, variedad típica), T10 (inóculo de Omia – V, variedad típica) y T11 (inóculo de Omia – VI, variedad caturra), fueron los más eficientes en el incremento de altura, materia seca aérea, materia seca radicular y área foliar, mostrando diferencias significativas respecto al testigo. La procedencia de los HMA determinó la colonización radicular y el micelio extra-radicular, siendo el primero relativamente bajo, no obstante, se observó que los tratamientos T1, T10 y T11 mostraron valores mayores en intensidad micorrícica y frecuencia micorrícica. Este estudio demostró que el café es un cultivo dependiente de la asociación simbiótica con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares nativos (HMA-N), ayudando en la absorción de nutrientes y agua, para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas.
Genome size and ploidy variations in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes
Authors: Animasaun David Adedayo , Morakinyo Joseph A. , Mustapha Oba T. , Krishnamurthy Ramar
Published: May 2020

Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet) and P. purpureum (Napier grass) are economically important members of the genus Pennisetum.  The knowledge of variability in chromosome number, size and genomic content of the species could provide clues on the mechanisms responsible for decrease or increase in genomic content in the evolutionary pathway.  In the present study, twenty nine genotypes consisting of 24 pearl millet and 5 Napier grass were assessed for inter- and intra-variations in chromosome number, ploidy status and genome content.  Conventional cytogenetic was used for chromosome counting and flow cytometry technique for assessing genomic contents of the genotypes.  Pearl millet genotypes were diploid (2n = 14) while Napier grass were mainly polyploid (2n = 28).  Despite differences in the ploidy levels, the basic chromosome number was 7.  The average 2C values was 4.86 pg and 4.58 pg for pearl millet and Napier grass genotypes respectively.  The DNA content per haploid cell was higher among pearl millet genotypes and the genomic size were negatively related to chromosome number and ploidy levels, meanwhile, the GC richness was directly proportional to genomic size of the genotype.  The mean channel values showed that the genotypes were nuclear haploid.  The present study suggests that evolution and development of polyploidy was accompanied with loss in genomic content in Napier grass.  It was also discovered that pearl millet with less number of chromosome, had higher genome size than Napier grass.
Detección molecular de Begomovirus en arvenses asociadas al cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en Panamá.
Authors: Ortiz  Sánchez Yatzari L. , Osorio  Burgos Orlando  O. , Diaz-Vergara Maira Edith
Published: May 2020

El distrito de Los Santos es el mayor productor de tomate industrial de Panamá y en los últimos años se ha registrado hasta 100% de infección con begomovirus (Geminiviridae) en los campos de cultivo.  El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los hospederos alternativos de begomovirus durante la época de cultivo y de barbecho.  En la temporada 2016-17 se recolectaron 110 muestras de arvenses sintomáticas y asintomáticas en 10 fincas ubicadas en el distrito de Los Santos, provincia de Los Santos, República de Panamá. La detección de begomovirus se hizo por medio de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) utilizando los cebadores degenerados AVCORE 494 y ACCORE 1048.  Del total recolectado, 37 arvenses resultaron positivas pertenecientes a 10 especies y 6 familias.  Las especies, en orden descendente, de prevalencia de la infección fueron:  Physalis angulata, Mimosa sp. y Amaranthus dubius (100%), Calopogonium mucunoides (78%), Rhynchosia minima (67%), Cleome viscosa (60%), Amaranthus spinosus (50%), Hybanthus attenuatus (50%), Malvastrum americanum (25%) y Malachra alceifolia (17%).  Hasta la fecha del estudio, éste era el primer registro para Panamá de las arvenses A. dubius, A. spinosus, C. mucunoides, C. viscosa, H. attenuatus, M. alceifolia, M. americanum y P. angulata como hospederas de begomovirus asociadas al cultivo de tomate industrial en Panamá. Estos resultados nos indican que las arvenses asociadas al cultivo de tomate en el distrito de Los Santos son reservorios de begomovirus durante todo el año.
Induction of resistance and chemical management of mildew and Asian rust in soybean cultivation
Authors: Grigolo Daniel Claudio , Possenti Jean Carlo , Da Silva Marcieli , Mazaro Sergio Miguel , Guollo Karina
Published: May 2020

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most cultivated in Brazil and has lost productivity due to the attack of disease pests. Thus, it is necessary to develop new technologies capable of reducing damages caused by such biological agents. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the chemical management of ‘eyespot’ and the induction of resistance through the use of phosphites and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), in association with commercial fungicides, affect the quality of soybean seeds. The study was conducted in the field, during two consecutive harvests in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil, and a randomized blocks experimental designs was used. The response-variables evaluated were yield components, disease severity through specific diagrammatic scales, and seed quality attributes. The use of phosphite and ASM, with and without the combination of fungicides Glifosato, Azoxistrobina + Benzovindiflupir, Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazol and Picoxistrobina + Ciproconazol did not reduce the severity of the mildew and asian soybean rust. The use of combinations of different fungicides was sufficient to mitigate the severity effects of the mildew and asian rust on soybean crop.
Utilización de cepas de Bacillus como promotores de crecimiento en hortalizas comerciales
Authors: Rojas-Badía Marcia M. , Bello-González Miguel A. , Ríos-Rocafull Yoania , Lugo-Moya Daysi , Rodríguez Sánchez Janet
Published: May 2020

El uso de las bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPB) es una posibilidad para sustituir parcialmente el empleo de fertilizantes químicos en cultivos comerciales, que no solo encarecen la producción sino que también tienen efectos negativos sobre el medioambiente.  El trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial de cepas de Bacillus para la promoción del crecimiento vegetal in vivo en tres diferentes cultivos hortícolas de importancia económica. Se utilizaron cuatro cepas de Bacillus, dos aisladas de los cultivos del maíz (Zea mays L.) cultivar híbrido P-7928 y dos de cafeto (Coffea arabica L.) cultivar Caturra rojo, para evaluar su efecto en diferentes variables fenológicas y de crecimiento en plantas de maíz, tomate (Solanum  lycopersicum Mill.) y zanahoria (Daucus carota subsp. sativus L.) en condiciones de invernadero.  Las cepas mostraron un efecto estimulador de la germinación de las semillas de maíz, las cuales presentaron mayor porcentaje e índice de germinación y vigor de plántula que los testigos sin inocular; no obstante no todas las cepas estimularon los mismos indicadores del crecimiento en este cultivo, aunque se destacan las cepas RM5, RC9 y RC15 en la materia seca de raíz. En los cultivos de tomate y zanahoria los resultados fueron variables, por tanto se sugiere profundizar los estudios en estos cultivos.
Urbanización inclusiva y resiliente en asentamientos informales. Ejemplificación en Latinoamérica y Caribe
Authors: Córdoba Hernández Rafael , Pérez García-Burgos Alfonso
Published: May 2020

Algunos factores asociados a la informalidad pueden ayudar a la construcción de ciudades inclusivas. El reciente aumento de esa informalidad, provocado por la creciente migración, hace fundamental trabajar en su adaptación a las ciudades para reducir su vulnerabilidad ante las probables situaciones de crisis. Así, trabajar para lograr el Objetivo 11 de los ODS no solo satisfaría, con carácter de urgencia, las necesidades de los desplazados, sino que, además, facilitaría su inclusión en esas ciudades. Para aumentar este aspecto es necesaria la convivencia de tres factores importantes: la inclusión urbana, la social y la económica. Para exponer esta situación, se plantea un análisis de diferentes prácticas ejemplarizantes de intervenciones en informalidades cuidadosamente seleccionados en América Latina y el Caribe que abordan estos aspectos. Dichos casos comparten una transferibilidad que va allá de reproducir sus metodologías o herramientas, ya que sobrepasan la construcción física del espacio, fortaleciendo los lazos comunitarios, aspecto que aumenta su calidad de vida actual y podría ser esencial para favorecer la adaptabilidad frente a problemas futuros.
Maternidade e Sofrimento Social em Tempos de Covid 19: Estudo de Mommy Blogs
Authors: Aiello-Vaisberg Tânia Maria José , Gallo-Belluzzo Sueli Regina , Visintin Carlos
Published: May 2020

Circulam socialmente, em nosso país, imaginários coletivos, segundo os quais a mãe biológica seria a melhor cuidadora dos filhos. Tais crenças têm gerado problemas na medida em que um grande número de mães, que vive conjugalmente ou como único adulto da casa, encontra-se, atualmente, inserida no mundo laboral. Suas dificuldades cotidianas, geradoras de sofrimentos emocionais socialmente determinados, apresentam-se amplificadas, em função de medidas de isolamento com vistas ao enfrentamento da epidemia por COVID-19. Justifica-se desse modo a realização do presente estudo, que tem como objetivo investigar a experiência vivida de mães durante a vigência do isolamento social. Metodologicamente, o estudo articula-se como pesquisa qualitativa com uso do método psicanalítico, usando, como material, postagens de três mães que tematizam manifestamente a questão em estudo. Como resultado, a consideração psicanalítica do material permitiu a enunciação de resultados interpretativos de acordo com os quais as manifestações das internautas emergem a partir de dois campos de sentido afetivo-emocional, “Fazendo tudo e mais um pouco” e “Meu filho, minha felicidade”. Quando se busca aprofundar os resultados interpretativos com contribuições winnicottianas, que articulam as capacidades humanas de criatividade e cuidado, pode-se considerar que experiências maternas vividas como sofrimentos sociais podem ser amenizadas. Tal consideração ocorre, na medida em que a organização de cuidados infantis, conhecida como maternidade, puder ser parcialmente substituída por práticas que envolvam a participação engajada de outros adultos, pertencentes a redes familiares ampliadas e a redes comunitárias.
Variational Bayes In Private Settings (VIPS)
Authors: Park Mijung , Foulds James , Chaudhuri Kamalika , Welling Max
Published: May 2020

Many applications of Bayesian data analysis involve sensitive information such as personal documents or medical records, motivating methods which ensure that privacy is protected. We introduce a general privacy-preserving framework for Variational Bayes (VB), a widely used optimization-based Bayesian inference method. Our framework respects differential privacy, the gold-standard privacy criterion, and encompasses a large class of probabilistic models, called the Conjugate Exponential (CE) family. We observe that we can straightforwardly privatise VB’s approximate posterior distributions for models in the CE family, by perturbing the expected sufficient statistics of the complete-data likelihood. For a broadly-used class of non-CE models, those with binomial likelihoods, we show how to bring such models into the CE family, such that inferences in the modified model resemble the private variational Bayes algorithm as closely as possible, using the Pólya-Gamma data augmentation scheme. The iterative nature of variational Bayes presents a further challenge since iterations increase the amount of noise needed. We overcome this by combining: (1) an improved composition method for differential privacy, called the moments accountant, which provides a tight bound on the privacy cost of multiple VB iterations and thus significantly decreases the amount of additive noise; and (2) the privacy amplification effect of subsampling mini-batches from large-scale data in stochastic learning. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in CE and non-CE models including latent Dirichlet allocation, Bayesian logistic regression, and sigmoid belief networks, evaluated on real-world datasets.
A laboratory test on the effect of bugholes on surface degradation of tunnel lining concrete subject to freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Hu Liangjun , Yoshitake Isamu , Maeda Tomoyuki
Published: May 2020

Bugholes are usually considered an aesthetic problem rather than a durability problem. Surface bugholes often appear on the sidewalls of a tunnel's lining concrete, which can be mitigated but never eliminated. However, the impact of surface bugholes on concrete durability is still unidentified. In cold regions, the lining concrete of a road tunnel is exposed to de-icer solutions splashed by traffic, and it is additionally exposed to freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles. This study focuses on the durability to F–T cycles of tunnel lining concrete with surface bugholes. For the objectives, the study was carried out on a laboratory-scale F–T test using large concrete blocks. An image analysis based on the RGB values of each pixel in the coloured photographic image was performed to detect and quantify deterioration of the concrete surface throughout the F–T cycles. Although severe scaling never occurred during the 300 F–T cycles, the concrete with bugholes indicated a significant local scaling at the edges of the bugholes. Some bugholes enlarged and some merged with existing bugholes, in accordance with such local scaling. The paper presents synergetic and negative effects of bugholes on the local scaling of tunnel lining concrete exposed to F–T cycles.
Genel Pediatri Ünitesinde Empirik Mono/Kombine Antibiyoterapi Uygulamaları ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Retrospektif Çalışma
Authors: ÇOKYAMAN Turgay
Published: May 2020

Giriş; Pediyatrik
çağda uygunsuz antibiyotik kullanımı 70-80%’lere ulaşabilmektedir. Bu durum ek
mali yük ve antimikrobiyal direnç gibi sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir.
Bu çalışmada genel pediyatri ünitesinde ampirik mono/kombine antibiyotik
kullanımı ve ilişkili faktörler araştırılmıştır.

Gereç ve yöntemler; Çalışmanın
kesim noktasından geriye dönük olarak son 8 aylık dönemde toplam yatan hasta
sayısına göre ampirik mono/kombine antibiyotik kullanım oranları belirlendi.
Yaş, yaş aralığı (1-5, 6-10 ve 11-18 yaş), ön tanılar, kantitatif C-reaktif
protein, kan beyaz küre sayısı, eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı, idrar tetkiki,
akciğer grafisi ve hospitalizasyon sürelerinin mono/kombine antibiyoterapi ile
ilişkileri regresyon analizi ile incelendi.

Bulgular; Antibiyotik
kullanımı yatan hastalarda %60,4 (529/875) idi ve bunların %47,5’i (416/529)
mono, %12,4%’ü (113/529) kombine antibiyoterapiydi. Antibiyoterapi uygulanan
hastaların yaş ortalaması 5,08±4,4 yıl ve yaş aralıklarına göre %66,7’si 1-5
yaş, %20,2’si 6-10 yaş ve %13’ü de 11-18 yaş aralığında bulundu. Hastaların
büyük çoğunluğu üst ve alt solunum yolu (%27,4 ve %35,3), üriner sistem (%16,6)
ve gastrointestinal sistem (%9,1) enfeksiyonu tanısı aldı. Eritrosit sedimantasyon
hızı ortalama 33,3±24,6 mm/saat, hastane yatış süresi ortalama 4,5±4,08 gün
idi. Ampirik mono antibiyoterapide en çok penisilinler (%48,7) ve
sefalosporinler (%45,4) tercih edildi. Regresyon analizinde çocuk servisine
yatırılan hastanın solunum yolu enfeksiyonu dışında bir ön tanıya sahip
olmasının, yüksek sedimantasyon hızı ve akciğer grafisi çektirmiş olmasının
kombine antibiyoterapi riskini arttırdığı görüldü.

Sonuç;
Solunum yolu dışı enfeksiyon hastalıkları ve yüksek sedimantasyon hızı, kombine
antibiyotik tercihi için hekimi etkileyen önemli faktörlerdir. Genel çocuk
servislerinde akılcı antibiyoterapi stratejileri geliştirmek için tüm süreci
kapsayan mevsimsel dönem, hasta ve hastalıkla ile ilgili faktörler gibi birçok
değişkeni hesaba katabilen daha gelişmiş yöntemlere ihtiyaç olduğu
gözükmektedir.
Work-related musculoskeletal pain and characteristics of brewery workers in southwest Nigeria - a pilot study
Authors: Ogundiran Olufemi Opeyemi , Agbonlahor Elvis , Oke Kayode Israel , Ogunsanya Gbolade Isaac
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal pain (WMSP) is a common symptom associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. It is aggravated by poor lifting techniques, inappropriate ergonomics, repetitive movements and awkward posture during the course of performing one’s duties. Variables such as age, marital status, work experience, alcohol, smoking and exercise habits have been found to play major roles in WMSP prevalence among different categories of workers. OBJECTIVES: This study focused on the lifetime, 12-month and point prevalence of WMSP in association with the socio-demographics, lifestyle and work-related characteristics of brewery workers in Osun state, Southwest, Nigeria. METHOD: A descriptive research design was utilized, and a total of eighty-nine (89) participants were recruited with strict adherence to the inclusion criteria. A 28-item questionnaire was developed to obtain specific information on the prevalence and pattern of WMSP, while anthropometric measurements (weight and height) of each participant were measured. Collected data were organized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test. RESULTS: The lifetime, 12-month and point prevalence of WMSP among the participants were 96.6%, 93.3%, and 57.3% respectively. The low back was the mostly affected body region. Significant associations exist between each of the lifetime, 12-month and point prevalence of WMSP and participants' marital status. Furthermore, a significant association exists between the point prevalence of WMSP and participants’ age. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of WMSP among brewery workers in Osun state, Southwest, Nigeria.
Um relato de caso sobre exercício físico e Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II: ainda podemos nos surpreender?
Authors: Do Espírito Santo Cerqueira Douglas Gibran Lobo , Do Sacramento Marvyn de Santana , Dos Santos Viviane Rocha , Jesus Tailma Costa de , De Oliveira Igor Macedo , Petto Jefferson Petto
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O Diabetes mellitus tipo 2(DM2) é fator de risco independente para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. O exercício físico é uma terapêutica adjuvante e eficaz no controle do DM2, pois evita o declínio funcional, complicações cardiovasculares e melhora a qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a repercussão de um programa de reabilitação cardiovascular e metabólica sobre o controle glicêmico e capacidade funcional em uma paciente com DM2 e insuficiência cardíaca classe II. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um relato de caso envolvendo uma mulher de 63 anos, irregularmente ativa, eutrófica, sarcopênica, hipertensa e com DM2 em uso de insulina (NPH e ultrarrápida) há 6 anos, com diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca(IC) classe funcional II. Ingressa em programa de reabilitação cardiovascular e metabólica supervisionado. Realiza avaliação de perfil lipídico, hemoglobina glicada, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), glicemia de jejum. Durante a sessão foi monitorizada a glicemia capilar, pressão arterial sistêmica (PAS) e o traçado eletrocardiográfico. O protocolo consistia em alongamento, exercícios neuromusculares e esteira ergométrica realizados com carga de 12-14 da escala de Borg. O programa durou 16 semanas, sendo realizado 2 vezes na semana totalizando 80 min por sessão. RESULTADOS: Houve acréscimo de 128,57% no TC6 (350 vs 800m). Os valores da hemoglobina glicada pré e pós-programa de treinamento foram 12%-vs-7,5%; glicemia de jejum 346mg/dL-vs-105mg/dL; colesterol total 158mg/dL-vs-108mg/dL; lipoproteína de baixa densidade(LDL) 95mg/dL-vs-58mg/dL; lipoproteína de alta densidade(HDL) 31mg/dL-vs-41mg/dL; triglicerídeos 115mg/dL-vs-97mg/dL e PA 185x95mmHg vs 139x85mmHg. Ao final do programa foi retirada a utilização da insulina subcutânea. CONCLUSÃO: O programa demonstrou-se adequado na melhora da capacidade funcional submáxima e no controle dos níveis glicêmicos e lipídicos plasmáticos.
Endogenous prostanoids influence on bile secretion in different groups of rats
Authors: Lyaschenko T. , Zavhorodnii M. , Zhydyk M. , Pohrebna A. , Veselskyi S. , Tsapenko P.
Published: May 2020

In acute experiments on different age group of 30 white wild-type rats: juvenile (weight 130–175 g), mature (weight 200–250 g) and old (weight 300 g and more) we were investigated the changes in the volume rate of bile secretion with cyclooxygenase inhibition by acetylsalicylic acid (100 mkg/kg weight of animal) which is a blocker of the prostaglandin synthesis enzyme. We explored the changes of the level of choleresis and bile biochemical components by thin-layer chromatography In vivo. The relative abundances of cholecycle, henodeoxycholic, taurocholic and glycocholic bile acids in the liver of rats were determined by chromatography, with the subsequent densitometry. The biliary acid flow rate was calculated as the sum of the bile acid concentration multiplied by the volume of secreted biliary in one relevant thirty-minute sample. The conjugation coefficients were calculated for each thirty minute sample. Reduction of bile secretion by endogenous prostanoids was shown, because inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis caused the hypercholeresis on 42–112,5 % in different rat age groups, compared to control. Endogenous prostaglandins suppressed the processes of conjugation in old and juvenile age group on 117–189,1 %, in contrast these regulators have no significant effect on bile acids association with glycine and taurine in mature rats. The binding of endogenous prostanoids probably increased the conjugation processes in juvenile rats, whereas in the old experimental group acetylsalicylic acid was significantly reduced by 123 % on average. Analysis of changes in free and conjugated bile acids in the rats of different age groups showed that the ratio of qualitative changes in structure of the liver bile in rats with the cyclooxygenase blockade is mainly due to enhanced synthesis of free bile acids de novo. Therefore, endogenous prostanoids affect in the opposite way. There are have multi-directional impact on bile secretion in different age groups of rat that means ambiguous role of these drugs in liver function regulation at different stages of ontogenesis.
Counselors’ Role in Decreasing Suicide in Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas in the United States
Authors: Johnson Kaprea F. , Brookover Dana L.
Published: May 2020

A mental health professional shortage area (MHPSA) is an area lacking psychiatrists as designated by the Health Resources and Services Administration. Prior research found the lack of psychiatrists can be directly related to adverse health outcomes. The current investigation focused on the United States by state level and the relationship between MHPSAs, suicide rates, and access to professional counselors. Results from a cross-sectional analysis found MHPSAs were highly correlated with suicide deaths. There was a significant inverse relationship between number of professional counselors in an area and suicide deaths, and being uninsured was highly related to MHPSA and suicide. The results support the need for access to professional counselors. Policies incentivizing professional counselors to work in MHPSAs are needed because of their potential role in minimizing suicide deaths.
Physical insights into principal component thermography
Authors: Kaur K , Sharma A , Rani A , Kher V , Mulaveesala R
Published: May 2020

Among widely used non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, infrared thermography (IRT) has gained importance due to its fast, whole-field, remote and quantitative inspection capabilities for the evaluation of various materials. Being fast and easy to implement, pulsed thermography (PT)
plays a vital role in the infrared thermographic community. This paper provides a physical insight into the selection of empirical orthogonal functions obtained from principal component pulsed thermography for the detection of subsurface defects located inside a mild steel specimen.
An acoustic emission-based approach to structural health monitoring of pre-stressed concrete railway sleepers
Authors: Carboni M , Collina A , Zappa E
Published: May 2020

Railway sleepers represent an essential element of the track; indeed, their structural integrity is closely related to important technical and safety issues. Today, periodical visual inspections are the only method applied to check the status of sleepers but are limited to visible surfaces,
whereas the early detection of in-service cracks in the whole volume of sleepers would provide great advantages in terms of maintenance and management. The aim of the paper is to propose an acoustic emission (AE)-based structural health monitoring (SHM) approach that is able to detect the
initiation and propagation of cracks in in-service pre-stressed concrete sleepers. The investigation is carried out in the laboratory, comparing the results obtained by acoustic emission monitoring and digital image correlation when subjecting pre-stressed concrete sleepers, taken from production,
to both static and cyclic loads. The main points dealt with in the paper include the sensitivity of acoustic emission to detect damage development and the signal processing approach needed for defining effective damage indexes. Given the encouraging results, the paper is the first step in
developing an affordable monitoring system, to be embedded into sleepers, that is able to be part of a complete track monitoring system.
Agent-based Modeling in Tobacco Regulatory Science: Exploring 'What if' in Waterpipe Smoking
Authors: Yang Yong , Ward Kenneth D. , Salloum Ramzi G. , Lindblom Eric N.
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an emerging public health crisis, particularly among youth and young adults. Different from the use of other tobacco products and e-cigarettes, WTS tends to be a social activity occurring among friends or persons associated with
social networks. In this paper, we review a potential strategy for WTS-related research. Methods: As a bottom-up computational model, agent-based modeling (ABM) can simulate the actions and interactions of agents, as well as the dynamic interactions between agents and their environments,
to gain an understanding of the functioning of a system. ABM is particularly useful for incorporating the influence of social networks in WTS, and capturing people's space-time activity and the spatial distribution of WTS venues. Results: Comprehensive knowledge of WTS-related behaviors
at the individual level is needed to take advantage of ABM and use it to examine policies such as the interaction between WTS and cigarette smoking and the effect of flavors used in waterpipe tobacco. Longitudinal and WTS-specific surveys and laboratory experiments are particularly helpful
to understand WTS basic mechanisms and elicit individual preferences, respectively. Conclusions: We argue that the uniqueness of WTS makes ABM a promising tool to be used in WTS-related research, as well as understanding use of other tobacco products.
Electronic Cigarette Explosion and Burn Injuries
Authors: Rossheim Matthew E. , Soule Eric K. , Thombs Dennis L. , Barnett Tracey E. , Livingston Melvin D. , Gimm Gilbert , Emechebe Ogechikamma C.
Published: May 2020

Objectives: E-cigarette explosions have resulted in severe injuries and fatalities. To date, only 2 studies have systematically estimated the prevalence of these injuries. This study updates these national estimates and describes the context of these explosion injuries. Methods:
We conducted analyses on cross-sectional data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). A key word search of case narrative text identified e-cigarette explosion and burn injuries reported by US hospital emergency departments.
We applied sampling weights to make national incidence estimates, and reviewed text to identify contextual factors. Results: An estimated 2693 (95% CI 1478 to 3909) e-cigarette explosion and burn injuries were presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2015 and 2018. Case
narratives indicated that a notable proportion of explosions occurred while a person was changing or replacing a device's battery. Conclusions: To prevent further injuries and fatalities, there is a need for strengthened regulation and monitoring of e-cigarette devices. The variety
of contexts in which e-cigarettes have exploded suggests these devices have poorly understood technical problems that industry should be required to address. In addition, data recording and surveillance of e-cigarette injuries need improvement.
Reflexões sobre o Design à luz de dois enfoques filosóficos da tecnologia
Authors: Castiñeira Maria Inés , Matuzawa Flavia Lumi , De Souza Richard Perassi Luiz , Gonçalves Berenice Santos
Published: May 2020

A partir da perspectiva de alguns autores da área de design, este trabalho reflete a relação entre o design e a filosofia da tecnologia.  Assim, o fazer design, no sentido de aprimorar e criar tecnologia, é confrontado com duas visões filosóficas sobre a tecnologia. São considerados o enfoque filosófico, sistêmico e analítico, de Mario Bunge e o enfoque filosófico de Andrew Feenberg, inspirado na escola de Frankfurt, para servirem de marco teórico às reflexões epistêmicas sobre o design. As considerações sobre design, de autores como Tomás Maldonado, Ann Thorpe, Jorge Frascara, Dietmar Winkler, Jaan van Toorn, ou de filósofos como Bruno Latur, são confrontadas com esses enfoques filosóficos sobre a tecnologia, permitindo entender melhor o significado da teoria e práxis do design a partir de uma visão, talvez, mais crítica e analítica.
Contexto da prática: análise da política pública educacional de especialização em gestão pública do programa nacional de formação em administração pública
Authors: Pontes Helena Nascimento da Silva Alves , Almeida Emmanuelle Arnaud
Published: May 2020

Este artigo propõe analisar o contexto da prática na produção do Programa Nacional de Formação em Administração Pública no Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba. De caráter qualitativo, o estudo contemplou entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de documentos institucionais. Verificaram-se repercussões importantes relacionadas ao aprendizado organizacional em Educação a Distância adquirido com o programa, constatando-se, porém, a necessidade de que o mesmo se torne política de Estado, a fim de garantir estabilidade e continuidade aos cursos oferecidos.
O quarto de Jack: um close no imaginário
Authors: Carmo Luana Jéssica Oliveira , Teixeira Marcella Barbosa Miranda , Campos Rita De Cássia Leal , Assis Lilian Bambirra de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo visa analisar à luz de Castoriadis (1982, 1999) como se constrói o imaginário no filme O Quarto de Jack. Para tanto, aborda-se a noção de sujeito, autonomia e heteronomia, o imaginário do ser e o imaginário social. O imaginário social pode ser recriado de acordo com a estrutura social na qual o sujeito está inserido. Ele está relacionado à autonomia na medida em que o sujeito aceita ser preso nas malhas sociais ou busca resistir a elas recriando a sua história. A partir da análise do filme entende-se que a autonomia não está relacionada à liberdade física, mas sim, à psíquica.
The Effect of Nursing Residency Program on the Clinical Competency of Novice Nurses Working in the ICU & NICU from the Viewpoint of Head Nurses
Authors: Monshizadeh Azita , Nasiriani Khadijeh , Khodayarian Mahsa , Shakerfar Hosein
Published: May 2020

Background: The ultimate goal of nursing is to ensure the recovery and health of patients through providing high quality care. However, novice nurses who are working in clinical settings need help and are not aware of the system's expectations. In this study, we investigated the effect of a nursing residency program on the clinical competence of novice nurses working in the intensive care units of Yazd governmental hospitals from the viewpoint of head nurses.
 
Methods: In this interventional study, the clinical competence of 31 novice nurses was studied. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. The nursing residency program consisted of 20 hours of training, support, and counseling in eight months for the experimental group. Data gathering tool in this study was a clinical competence questionnaire for novice nurses. The head nurses filled out the questionnaires before, immediately after, and three months after the training course. Data were then analyzed by SPSS (version 22) and running independent t-test, and repeated analysis of variance.
 
Results: according to the viewpoint of the head nurses, The clinical competence scores of novice nurses working in the ICUs & NICU, were (150.15 ± 23.1), (174.35 ± 2.75), and (168.3 ± 32.45) for the experimental group and (134.75 ± 24.75), (116.05 ± 29.7), and (146.3 ± 22) for the control group before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention, respectively. The difference between mean scores of two groups was not significant before the intervention and three months later, although of the mean scores of two groups differed significantly before the intervention and immediately after the intervention. With respect to clinical competence scores, the different between two groups was significant in three stages.
 
Conclusion: The results on the efficacy of nursing residency program in improving the clinical competence of novice nurses working in the ICUs & NICU were positive from the viewpoint of heads nurses. Accordingly, we propose execution of programs related to all issues over which nurses need to upgrade their clinical competencies and for the novice nurses of other parts of the hospital.
Spectral, DFT, molecular docking and antibacterial activity studies of Schiff base derived from furan-2-carbaldehyde and their metal(II) complexes
Authors: T Manjuraj , TCM Yuvaraj , N D Jayanna , S H Shreedhara , M S Sarvajith
Published: May 2020

Metal
(II) complexes of Cobalt(II) (1), Copper(II) (2), Nickel(II) (3), and Zinc(II)
(4) with Schiff base ligand derived from furan-2-carbaldehyde were synthesized
and elucidated by IR, electronic, mass, 1H NMR, magnetic
susceptibility measurements. Using DFT-based optimization of structures, bond
length, bond angle, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and molecular electrostatic potential
maps (MEP) of ligand and complexes 1-3 were theoretically calculated at the
B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. HOMO-LUMO energy gap was calculated which
allowed the calculation of relative properties like chemical hardness, chemical
inertness, chemical potential. The Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes showed potent
inhibition against all the bacterial strains. In comparison with antibacterial
activity, molecular docking studies were carried out with protein receptor SEC2 (PDB:
1STE) in Staphylococcus aureus
Lúes y embarazo
Authors: Barco Burgos María Cristina
Published: May 2020

La sífilis congénita puede prevenirse y tratarse eficazmente in útero, siempre y cuando el diagnóstico se haga en forma oportuna y el tratamiento sea adecuado.En este resumen del tema se expone la clasificación de la lúes, cómo se hace el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y seguimiento de la paciente embarazada. Se hace énfasis en los efectos de la sífilis en el embarazo y el feto, y se resumen algunos trabajos que existen sobre la prevención de la sífilis congénita.
Distrofia simpática refleja (síndrome doloroso regional complejo tipo-I) asociada a Norplant®(L-Norgestrel): presentación del primer caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ruiz Perea Alonso A. , Jaramillo Arias Iván
Published: May 2020

El dispositivo subdérmico NORPLANT® (L-Norgestrel) ha sido extensamente utilizado como anticonceptivo en todo el mundo desde hace más de quince años, demostrando ser un método reversible, seguro, efectivo y de alta aceptación por las usuarias. Entre las escasas complicaciones locales se destacan dolor, hematomas, infecciones, expulsión del implante y diversas lesiones neurológicas. Hasta la fecha no se ha informado en la literatura (MEDLINE hasta Diciembre de 2000) ningún caso de Distrofia Simpática Refleja (Síndrome Doloroso Regional Complejo Tipo-I) asociado a la utilización de este moderno método.Se presenta el caso de una usuaria de este dispositivo, que presentó un cuadro característico de Distrofia Simpática Refleja en el brazo izquierdo después de colocársele un NORPLANT® (L-Norgestrel), que evolucionó desde el momento de su inserción hasta su extracción tres años después, con remisión total del Síndrome doloroso.
Word Formation Process on Best Seller Food Brand Name in Grab and Go-Jek Application
Authors: Anggrisia Nur Fitria
Published: May 2020

This research aims at describing how bestseller food brand names in Grab and Go-Jek Application are created. To analyze the data found, the researchers applied English word formation in English morphology. The researchers used descriptive research. The data were bestseller food brands which found in Grab and Go-Jek Mobile Application. It is a kind of Application which provides delivery foods. The data were only taken from the 2019 period of those applications. The researcher found that the best seller food brand names in the Grab and Go-Jek application can be created by applying word formation such as compounding, borrowing, reduplication, abbreviation, acronym, and clipping.