bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Baseline Admission Serum Creatinine Level in ST Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patient Undergoing Primary PCI: An Important Predictor of in-hospital and 12-month Survival Outcome
Authors: Islam AHM Waliul , Munwar Shams , Talukder Shahabuddin , Reza AQM , Bhuiyan Azfar H , Ahmed Tamzeed , Rahman Kazi Atiqur , Ali M Atahar , Alam Shamsul , Hasan Mahmud , Karim Aparajita
Published: July 2020

Background: Several studies has shown that impaired renal function might be an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patient with ST elevated myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI). Exact data on clinical impact of baseline or admission serum creatinine level of STEMI patient undergoing pPCI in our patient population not well established. Therefore, we have carried out this non-randomized study to see the effects of S. creatinine level on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes among STEMI patient undergoing pPCI.

Methods: Patients were enrolled in this observational non-randomized prospective cohort between November 2017-July 2019, who were presented into our emergency department with acute onset of severe chest pain or angina with ECG evidenced of acute ST elevated myocardial infarction. Total 137 patient (F 12; Male 125) were enrolled in this study.

Results: Out of 137 patients, female :12 (8.75%) vs Male: 125 (91.2%). Among, these patient females were more obese (BMI: Female 27.0 ± 2.2 vs male 25.4 ± 4.9) and developed CAD in advance age (Female 59.1 ± 14.5 vs Male 53.4 ± 10.5). Among the 137 patients, 89 (65%) were dyslipidemia, 72 (52.6%) were hypertensive, Diabetic 66(48%), Smoker 70 (51%) and FH positive for CAD were 31 (22.6%). According to the involvement of myocardium infarction, STEMI diagnosis of Anterior MI were 48.9% (n=67) and Inferior MI 51.1% (n=70). An elevated serum creatinine level was defined as creatinine >1.2mg/dl. Based on baseline serum creatinine level, patients were divided into group-A and Group-B. In Group-A. Total 68 patients have S. Creatinine level <1.2 and in Group-B, 69 patients have S. Creatinine level >1.2. Anterior MI were higher in group -B patient than Group-A; Ant MI as 35 (50.4%) vs 31(45.6%), Inf MIL: 34 (49.35) vs 34 (50%), Shock 11 (15.9%) vs 6 (8.8%0, CHB 4 (5.8%) vs 4 (5.9%), Death 12 (17.4%) vs 2 (2.9%) and LVF 5(7.2%) vs 1(1.5%) with 7 days in-hospital stay after primary PCI. Territory wise involvement of vessel in Group-B patient has more involvement of LAD 35 (50.7%) and Group-A has RCA 26(38.2%).

Conclusion: In this present study, we found, that in acute STEMI patients, baseline higher serum creatinine level is associated with more AMI related complications and death than in lower serum creatinine level. Thus, we may conclude that baseline admission serum creatinine level may be an important predictor for both in-hospital and 12-month survival outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing pPCI.

Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 135-142
Cholesterol Granuloma of Chest Wall – A very Rare Benign Tumour
Authors: Nine SMA Zulker , Haider Md Zulfiqur , Ahmed Md Sohail , Ahmed Niaz , Khan Md Saiful Islam , Hossain Mohammad Delwar , Khan Nazmus Sakib , Mehar Tahera , Hasan Md Kamrul
Published: July 2020

Cholesterol granuloma is a rare benign tumour and is described as inflammatory granulation that occurs in response to the deposition of cholesterol crystals. It is found most commonly in the paranasal sinuses or temporal bones, but there are also rare reports of their occurrence in the peritoneum, parotid gland, lymph nodes, thyroglossal duct, kidney, liver, and spleen. Involvement of the ribs has rarely been described previously. We report a case of cholesterol granuloma involving chest wall in second intercostals space of a 74-year-old male who presented with a slowly growing lesion of the anterior aspect of right side of the chest.

Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 158-161
The Hero the First Human Heart Transplantation
Authors: Hosain Nazmul
Published: July 2020

Abstract not available

Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 154-157
Port Site Infiltration and Intraperitoneal Instillation of Bupivacaine for Post Operative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Sanjowal Lipika , Biswas Swapan Kumar
Published: July 2020

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard treatment method for symptomatic gallstone diseases. However pain is the only complaint that delays the discharge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bupivacaine infiltration into port site and instillation into peritoneal cavity to reduce pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. One hundred patients underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into experimental group (Group A) and control group (Group B) of 50 patients each. Following removal of gallbladder, patients of experimental group received 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine in gallbladder bed and 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was infiltrated into 4 port sites. Control group received no treatment. The evaluation of postoperative pain was done at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively by using Visual Analogue Scale and the dose of NSAID was also recorded. Mean VAS score at 4, 8 and 12 hours postoperatively in experimental group was less than that of the control group (p<0.05). VAS score at 24 hours postoperatively did not differ between two study groups (p>0.05). The mean total NSAID doses used during first 24 hours postoperatively was less in the experimental group than control group (p<0.05). The localization of pain during first 24 hours postoperatively was 62% incisional, 29% intra abdominal and shoulder tip pain 9%. Port site infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine following laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduce pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy and this simple, inexpensive and effective method should be practiced to minimize early postoperative pain for all elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 58-61
Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score
Authors: Datta Abhijit , Choudhury Minhaj Rahim , Shahin Md Abu , Islam Md Nazrul , Ahmed Shamim , Haq Syed Atiqul , Ahmedullah Abul Khair , Islam Md Ariful , Mondal Swapan Kumar , Hossain Md Iqbal
Published: July 2020

Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) is a very important tool for measuring disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). This study was aimed to develop a culturally adapted, valid and reliable Bengali version of questionnaire for the ASDAS. The original English ASDAS was translated into Bangla and adapted in the local socio-cultural context, following standard international recommendations. Content validity of the adapted Bangla version was assessed by the item-level & scale level content validity indices (I-CVI & S-CVI). A total 120 patients with axSpA were assessed in the study. For construct validity, correlation between ASDAS with BASDAI, ESR, CRP, Maastricht enthesitis score, physician's global assessment and BASMI was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient respectively. I-CVI for each item was 1 and S-CVI was 1. ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP showed strong correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient >0.5) with BASDAI, ESR, MASES and physician global assessment of disease activity. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Crohnbach's alpha=0.703) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.98). The adapted Bangla version of the ASDAS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties (validity & reliability) in Bangladeshi patients with axSpA.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 62-66
Serum Magnesium in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Observation from Bangladeshi Patients
Authors: Quader Mohammad Rezaul , Rahman Sharmin , Sultana Nasima , Saha Suranjit Kumar
Published: July 2020

Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but measurement of macro metals like magnesium can be helpful in the prevention and better management of AMI. The aim of this study was to estimate serum magnesium in AMI. This is a case control type of study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the period of January 2015 to December 2015 with a total number of 100 study subjects. Acute myocardial infarction patients were selected as case (50) from coronary care unit (CCU), Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Normal healthy individuals were selected as control (50) from the attendants of patients, relatives and doctors. Serum level of magnesium were assessed for both case and control groups. The mean values of the variable were compared between them by statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. For all the statistical analysis P<0.05 was considered as significant. The mean values of serum magnesium were 1.63±0.27mg/dl in cases. The mean values of serum magnesium were 2.35±0.28 mg/dl in control group. Significant differences were found in mean values between case and control groups and differences were highly significant (p<0.001). In AMI, serum magnesium level was found to be lower in this study. Serum magnesium is an important trace element that act as cofactor in many biochemical reactions. Decrease level of this important trace element may contribute to pathogenesis of AMI. So with other biochemical risk parameters, routine assessment of serum magnesium level is advocated, which might be helpful for prevention and better management of AMI.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 71-73
Lesion Location Predicts Risk of Aspiration in Supratentorial Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Ahammad Benzir , Wazib Amit , Khan Asma , Islam MM Shahin Ul , Kamal Farah Naz
Published: July 2020

Stroke is defined as focal or global neurological deficit of non-traumatic vascular origin which lasts 24 hours or more if the patient survives. Many researchers showed that risk of aspiration after stroke has been related to brain stem lesions. Moreover, assessing the risk of aspiration pneumonia in supratentorial ischaemic stroke has been established in a few recent studies. Aims of study was to see the association of lesion location and of risk of aspiration pneumonia in supratentorial ischaemic stroke. The study was done by random sampling from hospital-based stroke patients. Out of these patients we collected data from 100 acute hemispheric infarct patients who got admitted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to December 2013. Subcortical infarcts were associated with higher proportion of risk of aspiration on day 1 with relative risk 2.63 which was statistically significant (95 percent CI 1.43 - 4.86, pvalue 0.001). Extended risk of aspiration on day 7 was also found more in these patients (relative risk 8.29, 95 percent CI 1.96 - 35.09, p-value 0.0004). Moreover, risk of aspiration was found in 32 percent patients, of which 14 percent was proved to have extended risk at day 7. Subcortical infarction is associated with higher risk of aspiration pneumonia in supratentorial ischaemic stroke.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 79-81
Shelf life responses of ‘Akito’ rose (Rosa spp.) cut flowers treated with growth regulator benzyl amino purine and microbiocide aluminium sulphate
Authors: Mataa M , Musenga C , Hakachite C
Published: July 2020

Rose (Rosa spp.) production for cut flowers is an integral part of the horticultural industry. However, because roses are exotic plants they exhibit serious problems related to poor climatic adaptation. A study was conducted at the School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia to evaluate chemicals to extend flower shelf life. The cultivar ‘Akito’ was used as the test variety. Benzyl amino purine ([6- (benzylamino) purine]) (BAP), a growth regulator and aluminium sulphate (an acidifying reagent) were applied to cut flowers at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-l and 0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg L-l, concentration, respectively. BAP was applied to the plants in the greenhouse 2 days before harvest. A randomised complete block design arranged as a two- factor- factorial arrangement with three replications was used. Harvesting was done at the loose open calyx stage. Aluminium sulphate was applied to the holding solution where flowers were kept after harvest. The pH of the holding solution, blossoming (flower opening), leaf color of subtending leaves and bacterial population were monitored. The 400 mg L-l aluminium sulphate treatment caused an increase in acidity. There was concurrent decline in bacterial count in the first three days of application at less than 1 x 106 which was five times lower than the water control treatment. Bacterial population followed the trend of water acidity. The 20 mg L-l BAP application increased shelf life by 35 %. The results showed that BAP and aluminum sulphate treatment could enhance shelf life.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 6-12, June 2020
Effects of water stress applied at different phenological phases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Mekonnen L
Published: July 2020

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of two chickpea varieties to water stress at the College of Agriculture campus, Hawassa University under greenhouse from January to June 2017. Three water stress levels i.e. without stress (control), vegetative water stress and seed filling water stress were assigned as main plot, chickpea varieties Habru (Kabuli type) and Mastewal (Desi type). The treatments were laid in split plot design with four replications. The results showed that water stress significantly affected all parameters studied in this experiment. The seed filling water stress resulted greater reductions in the value of all tested parameters studied compared to optimum watering and vegetative stress except number of primary branches and harvesting index, which were significantly lower under vegetative water stress. As well, the two varieties significantly differed for all observed parameters except number of nodules per plant and nodule dry weight. Days to flowering, pod maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index were significantly higher for Mastewal variety while, plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, dry biomass, seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight and root dry weight were greater for Habru variety. Days to flowering, plant height, seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight, number of pods per plant and harvest index were significantly affected (p<0.05) due to all two way interactions. Water management schemes that ensure to avoid especially terminal water stress could help to maintain chickpea production, which is usually grown with residual moisture by the majority of Ethiopian farmers. Given the fact that the results are obtained from a pot experiment there is a need to substantiate the findings with field experiments conducted under contrasting moisture environments.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 13-21, June 2020
Evaluation of legume shrubs improved fallow for abandoned agricultural land rehabilitation
Authors: Lemage B , Tsegaye M
Published: July 2020

The experiment was conducted on abandoned agricultural land at Bena-Tsemay District, Southern Ethiopia. It was designed to evaluate legume shrubs growth performance, and its potential for soil fertility enhancement through improved fallow practice. The results of the current study showed that the growth performance of legume species reveals variation in different growth parameters. The mean height of Sesbania sesban was significantly higher than the other species except for Senna siamea. Senna siamea recorded the highest mean stem diameter followed by Sesbania sesban, 3.47 cm, and 2.86 cm, respectively. Legume shrub species for soil fertility enhancement under improved fallow showed an increase in soil pH, organic carbon, organic matter, phosphorus level, available potassium, and total nitrogen during the growth period. Sesbania provides a large amount of nitrogen (2.91 t ha- 1) within two years fallow period, linked with the carbon to nitrogen ratio (11.22) having better mineralization potential. The growing of promising legume shrub species as an improved fallow practice has an important contribution in the restoration process of abandoned agricultural land and used as an option to grow crops in a rotational cropping system.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 64-70, June 2020
Floating gardening in Bangladesh: a sustainable income generating activity in wetland areas
Authors: Bala H , Ghosh AK , Kazal MMH , Rahman MS , Sultana M , Sujan MHK
Published: July 2020

Floating gardening acts as a fruitful climate-change adaptation strategy in different wetland areas of Bangladesh. The study accomplished to examine the profitability of floating gardening in Gopalgonj district of Bangladesh in 2018. A total of 100 floating gardeners were interviewed to achieve the objectives. Descriptive statistics and Cobb-Douglas production function were used to investigate the factors influencing yield of floating gardening. The findings reveal that, small and marginal farmers were more involved in floating gardening. Around sixty-five percent of the production costs was contributed by human labour. Floating gardeners of the study area earned a net return of BDT 457,901 per hectare per year. Human labour, fertilizers and support materials significantly affected the yield. More training and improved marketing system could further enhance the profitability.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 87-93, June 2020
Response of maize (Zea mays L.) ikenne variety to application of household urban solid wastes compost
Authors: Alate KKA , Mawussi G , Ayisah KD , Sanda K
Published: July 2020

Soils fertility declining limits agricultural production in Togo where maize (Zea mays L.) is most cereal cropping and base staple food. Currently, mineral fertilizers are beyond the reach of farmers due to high price and limited availability. This study assessed the response of household urban wastes compost to the growth and yield of maize Ikenne variety. Experiments were performed in rainy season of years 2018 and 2019 at Teaching Research and Demonstration Farm of Agronomy School in University of Lome, Togo. Agronomic trials were set at randomized in complete block design with three replications, where control plots, compost plots at different doses and mineral fertilizers plots constituted the treatments. The growth parameters, including plant height, stem girth, leaf area and number of leaves per plant, were measured at the milky maize stage. The yield parameters, including length and girth of cob, thousand grains weight, grain yield and straw yield, were collected at harvesting. Data were statistically analyzed. The results showed three distinct homogeneous groups of treatments both for growth and yield parameters. Plots treated with compost at 30 t ha-1 and 40 t ha-1 constitute the best group, which differs significantly from the second group formed by plots treated with compost at 10 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1 and mineral fertilizer plots. Control treatments constitute the last group. Growth and yield parameters values increase with compost dose. Far from being used alone in place of mineral conventional fertilizer, integrated fertilization based on combination of mineral fertilizer and compost of household urban wastes will investigated in maize cropping in southern Togo for optimal compost dose to recommend.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 97-101, June 2020
COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 20. Fortnightly reporting period ending 5 July 2020
Authors:   COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team
Published: July 2020

Notified cases of COVID-19 and associated deaths reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) to 5 July 2020. Cumulative confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 5 July 2020: notifications = 8,566, deaths = 106. Over the past fortnightly reporting period (22 June to 5 July), 897 cases were notified, with 4 deaths. The national incidence of COVID-19 remained low, with very few cases reported by most jurisdictions in this reporting period. The majority of the current cases reported over this fortnight are from Victoria, with an increasing number and proportion of cases reported as being locally acquired. Total case numbers have increased with an average of 54 cases reported on any one day, more than twice the average number reported in the previous reporting period. The number and proportion of deaths associated with COVID-19 remains low and it appears that vulnerable populations have not been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 overall. Testing rates continue to be high across all jurisdictions, with the nationwide positivity rate remaining very low at less than 0.3%. In this reporting period, the number of cases reported nationally has increased from 214 (8 June to 21 June) to 897 (22 June to 5 July). Of the cases notified in this reporting period, 87% (781 cases) were notified from Victoria and 89% of these cases were acquired locally. Of the remaining 116 cases reported from other jurisdictions only 6% were locally acquired. The increase in Victoria is attributable to multiple epidemiologically linked outbreaks across a range of settings and locations. A small proportion of cases have experienced severe disease, requiring hospitalisation or intensive care, with some fatalities. The crude case fatality rate amongst Australian cases is 1.2%. People who are older and have one or more comorbidities are more likely to experience severe disease.
El rol del docente en la singularidad educativa
Authors: Caballero Ardila Eduardo
Published: July 2020

La profesión docente se encuentra ante el reto de formar individuos que están permanentemente impactados por los contenidos audiovisuales a través de la red de internet y por avances tecnológicos permanentes; todo en un entorno donde el cambio es una constante. La comprensión de las características conductuales de esta población es fundamental para el éxito del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje.La singularidad es reconocida como un proceso que apunta al desarrollo exponencial de la tecnología, e impulsa nuevos modelos sociales y culturales. En consecuencia, el salto del quehacer educativo desde la tiza y el pizarrón hasta el mismo oficio en la robótica, rebasa la capacidad de adaptación de los docentes para acometer con éxito la transmisión de competencias y conocimientos a comunidades que, culturalmente, piensan y se comportan de manera distinta. Este trabajo propone abordar la concepción de los estudiantes con visión de audiencias educativas, con características distintas en cuanto a su poder atencional, consumo de medios de formación y plataformas que le son propias. Igualmente analiza el rol del docente para la formación de nuevos individuos en la singularidad desde el punto de vista tecnológico y desde su práctica pedagógica. Concluye con el análisis del reto para lograr la transformación de los objetivos pedagógicos en las naciones con economías menos sustentables.
RESEARCH FINDINGS IN PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT ON TE ANAU SOILS
Authors: Cullen N.A.
Published: July 2020

The results of nearly 30 trials which investigated pasture establishment problems on Te Anau yellow-brown loam soils are summarized. High initial application rates of phosphatic fertilizer and clover inoculation were shown to be of vital importance for good pasture establishment. Excellent grass and clover establishment was obtained by oversowing.
INGESTED SOIL AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
Authors: Healy W.B.
Published: July 2020

Grazing animals ingest soil along with herbage, and this ingested soil can be a source of elements to animals over and above amounts contributed by the herbage. The effects of ingested soil on animal nutrition are discussed, particularly in relation to the elements cobalt, iodine, selenium, calcium and magnesium.
LAND USE PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS IN SOUTHLAND
Authors: Mead G.A.
Published: July 2020

OVER the last twelve years major progress in Southland has been achieved in pastoral land occupying 557,000 ha which is predominantly above the 460m contour. This area was defined in 1960 by G. J. Watt, then Commissioner of Crown Lands. Mr Watt projected stock numb,ers to 1970, including the area of pastosral land. These projections may have seemed optimistic at the time but the following table shows how far actual stock numbers have exceeded Mr Watt's estimates.
WINTERING WITHOUT CROPS - THE PROBLEMS INVOLVED
Authors: Brown K.R. , Harris A.J.
Published: July 2020

Wintering without annual crops is discussed in relation to pasture management practices. It is pointed out that the first, and major, problem involved is a mental attitude which alienates winter from the rest of the year. Much of the discussion is devoted to pasture growth and its control in seasons other than winter, as success or failure of any wintering programme is partly determined at these times. The ramifications of this control on subsequent wintering is pointed out. Winter management and mismanagement are discussed in relation to planned pasture use, animal feed requirements, animal treading, and pasture defoliation.
CLOVER RESPONSE TO INOCULATION AND PELLETING ON TE ANAU SOILS
Authors: Lowther W.L. , Mcdonald I.R.
Published: July 2020

Results are given for trials investigating the effects of inoculation and pelleting on the establishment of white clover oversown in autumn 1971 and 1972. In the absence of inoculation, few plants established. Inoculation at the normal commercial rate increased the pescentage of healthy plants but establishment was still low, Pelleting increased establishment. In both years, a commercially prepared "triplecote" pellet gave better seedling establishment than pellets prepared with methyl cellulose adhesive. In the one trial conducted in 1972, pellets prepared with gum arabic adhesive and coated with lime or Gafsaphosphate/ dolomite were as effective as commercial "triplecote" pellets in increasing clover establishment.
OVERSOWING GRASSES ON SUNNY AND SHADY FACES
Authors: White J.G.H. , Meijer G. , Langer R.H.M.
Published: July 2020

Eight grasses were oversown on steep north and south aspects at Hunua, North Canterbury, either initially with clovers or three years after oversowing clovers. On the north aspect, cocksfoot established and persisted best but ryegrasses were superior on the south aspect. Here the later sowing was much superior, as by then the original dense cover had disappeared, but on the north aspect time of grass introduction made little difference. Clover introduction resulted in a threefold increase in dry matter production on the south aspect, which produced double that of the north aspect. Ryegrasses raised yields still further, but depressed resident grass production.
FARMING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STORE STOCK
Authors: Reed G.
Published: July 2020

MY PROPERTY consists of 301 ha of hill country, one-third steep, two-thirds medium, shed 18 km west of Piopio in the rain shadow of the Pomerangi Ranges, with an annual rainfall of about 2540 mm. It is all in grass except 16 ha of rocks and patches of scenic bush, and is well fenced with 22 main paddocks anfd 8 small holding paddocks. All paddocks have adequate natural water and access to the farm is very good because of county roads radiating from the woolshed. This is a very real advantage in one-man farming oif hill country. The longest drive for a mob of ewes and lambs would usually be less than one hour, depending on variables such as dog behaviour.
FINISHING OF BEEF AND LAMB
Authors: Mcmillan L.R.
Published: July 2020

THE FARM, situated 56 km south of Te Kuiti, is of 300 ha of which 285 ha are in grass. There are 33 paddocks mostly watered by natural streams. Good access to the farm is by a county road which runs 2.5 km through the centre of the property.
THE EFFECT OF GRAZING ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.) (M. Agr. Sc. Thesis)
Authors: Pascoe W.
Published: July 2020

A WARD of white clover was defoliated by sheep at two grazing pressures (high and low), each over three grazing durations (3, 6 and 9 days) on three occasions during the summer period af 1972-3.
DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF 'MASSEY BASYN' YORKSHIRE FOG (HOLCUS LANATUS)
Authors: Watkin B.R. , Robinson G.S.
Published: July 2020

In two experiments carried out at Massey University it was shown that 'Massey Basyn' Yorkshire fog gave similar dry matter yields to Ruanui, Ariki, and Manawa ryegrasses and promoated lamb liveweight gains similar to those ,obtained on Ruanui ryegrass pastures. Lamb birthweights were significantly lower on Yorkshire fog than on ryegrass pastures. Yorkshire fog was relatively slow to establish, but low grass production in the early stages was balanced by increased clover growth. The seasonal production of Yorkshire fog was well distribumted. Yorkshire fog suppressed white clover and volunter species more than did the ryegrasses, particularly in spring, when Yorkshire fog plots gave lower yields than ryegrass plots.
SIMULATED GRAZING OF LUCERNE (M.Agr.Sc. Thesis)
Authors: Othman W.M.
Published: July 2020

CUTTING TRIALS designed to simulate lucerne defoliation by grazing animals were conducted in stands of irrigated Wairau lucerne over two seasons.
INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL FACTORS ON PASTURE GROWTH ON HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Gillingham A.G.
Published: July 2020

Pasture on north aspects of steep hill country (Waingaro steepland soil) produced more dry matter than on south aspects (7100 kg/ha cf. 6400 kg/ha) owing predominantly to a significantly higher growth rate during winter and early spring. Pasture species composition differed between aspects and changed during the year, especially on north aspects where Paspafum dilatatum and pasture dead matter content varied inversely with the amount of legumes and other grasses. A highly significant negative relationship Ibetween land slope and production accounted for 22% of the variability in pasture growth rate on both north and south aspects over the major part of the year excluding late autumn and winter. Soil moisture and grass temperature differed with aspect and also in their individual effect on pasture growth during the year. Temperature level and difference between aspects was found to be affected to a large extent by cloud cover, especially during winter on the south aspect (warmer than in clear weather) and during summer on the north aspect (cooler than in clear weather).
BROWNTOP AND PASTURE NUTRITION
Authors: Jackman R.H. , Mouat M.C.H.
Published: July 2020

Pot experiments have shown that browntop is more efficient in utilizing scarce phosphate than is white clover when white clover is obtaining nitrogen either from fixation or from the soil. There is evidence that browntop can reduce the amount of phosphate available to clover both by direct competition and by decreasing the soil moisture and hence ,the availability of phosphate. These effects are probably not peculiar to (browntop which, however, does have a mat that can effectively shade clover stolons thereby reducing #the activity of clover stolon nodes and the ability of clover to regrow leaf. Reduced phosphate availability and stolon shading exert a powerful control on clover growth and this control is likely to be strongly expressed on set-stocked hill country, particularly if the soil has a high P fixing capacity and easily dries out.
A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT PASTURE ROTATIONS
Authors: Tainton N.M.
Published: July 2020

THE RESULTS of cutting trials which have been designed to provide information on grazing frequency and intensity in pasture rotations have, in both temperate and tropical regions, often shown that lax and infrequent cutting promotes higher dry matter production than does more intensive and frequent cutting, except on prostrate rhizolmatous and stoloniferous pastures These results have, however, seldom been successfully translated into increased animal production where the negative association frequently observed between dry matter production and both herbage quality and the degree of utilization of the dry matter produced often negates the increased production resulting from lax and infrequent grazing. Added to this are the longer term effects of spelling interval and grazing intensity on sward density and botanical composition, these effects varying through the season as the morphological condition of the pasture species changes.
EVALUATION OF S170 TALL FESCUE AT INVERMAY AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE
Authors: Allen R.B. , Cullen N.A.
Published: July 2020

S170 tall fescue was compared wilth Ruanui ryegrass an/d Apanui cocksfoot in two mowing trials at Invermay from 1968 to 1971. One site was located on a fertile Wingatui recent alluvial silt loan soil, and the other on a Warepa series yellow-grey hill soil of medium-low fertility.
THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAND COUNTRY
Authors: Easton J.D.
Published: July 2020

In 1920, early Horowhenua settler, Rod McDonald, in his book Te Hekinga wrote: "From 300 ft Moutere, the highest sandhill on the coast, the whole run could be surveyed - not the run to be seen now, sand for a mile or more inland from the beach, but grassed hills and flats inside the one littoral dune." He was referring to grassed dunes in 1870 - raw sand in 1920 - the resuits of bad grazing practices and strong westerly winds.
REVIEW OF MANAWATU FARMING
Authors: Osborn W.L. , Cowie J.D.
Published: July 2020

THE MANAWATU is an old-established area of fertile land giving high levels of production under dairy, sheep, beef cattle, and cropping systems. This paper will deal with history, climate, topogaphy, soils, farming types, production levels, amenities, research, current trends, and take a look at the future.
SOME TRENDS IN GRASSLAND FARMING IN EUROPE
Authors: Brougham R.W.
Published: July 2020

IN an assessment such as this, one could cover a wide range of topics fairly shallowly or a lesser number in a bit more depth. I have opted for the latter. The topics discussed will embrace some trends in dairying, beef farming, sheep farming, hill country farming, and land use generally, species and variety usage in grassland farming, use of crude protein produced from pasture, and some implications of energy usage.
FACTORS AFFECTING ANIMAL PRODUCTION : INTAKE AND UTILIZATION BY EWES GRAZING GRASS/CLOVER AND LUCERNE PASTURES
Authors: Thomson N.A.
Published: July 2020

The total productivity from a ewe/lamb system on grass/clover and lucerne pastures stocked at 15 and 20 ewes/ha, respectively, over a 12-month period was compared. Intensive monitoring of yield, botanical, and chemical composition of total available and residual pasture enabled factors associated with production efficiency - i.e., intake and utilization - to be determined and factors critically affecting these identified.
THE EFFECT OF PASTURE ALLOWANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT BREEDS OF SHEEP
Authors: Rattray P.V. , Jagusch K.T. , Maclean K.S.
Published: July 2020

In a trial conducted at Ruakura over 5 years, mixed-age flocks of Coopworth, Perendale, High Fertility Romney and Control Romney ewes were run on separate farmlets stocked at 26, 21 or 16 ewes/ha. At any given pasture allowance the Coopworth ate more pasture than the other breeds. Lambing performance, weight of lamb weaned and fleece weight were curvilinearly related to allowance. Lamb production per ewe tended to level out at a DM allowance of 4 kg/ewe/day for the Perendale and about 5 kg/ewe/day for the other breeds. Pasture allowance accounted for an appreciable amount of variation in animal production between years and stocking rates; litter size, 38 to 90%; lambs weaned/ewes mated. 29 to 71'%; weight of lamb weaned/ewe mated, 26 to 62%; and fleece weight, 25 to 49%. Pasture allowance accounted for the least variation in all variables in the Perendale compared with the other breeds.
EFFECT OF PASTURE RESERVES AND STOCKING RATE ON EWE AND LAMB PERFORMANCE FROM MID-PREGNANCY TO WEANING
Authors: Clark D.A.
Published: July 2020

The effect of two stocking rates (16 and 32 ewes/ha) and three initial levels of pasture reserves (1730, 2240 and 2720 kg DM/ha) on animal and pasture production was studied from June to December 1977. Total amount of pasture grown was unaffected by either stocking rate or pasture reserve. At 32 ewes/ha, 96.9% of net pasture production was eaten and no surplus conserved. At 16 ewes/ ha, 50.4% was eaten and 1120 kg DM/ha conserved. Increasing initial pasture reserves gave increased ewe liveweight at weaning at 32 ewes/ha, but no response at 16 ewes/ha. There were no treatment effects on single lamb birthweights or weaning weights. The relationship between ewe intake and pasture allowance at different physiological states is discussed.
CHANGES IN THE PERENNIAL RYEGRASS COMPONENT OF GRAZED PASTURES
Authors: Boswell C.C. , Crawford A.J.M.
Published: July 2020

The contribution of perennial ryegrass to pasture production is dependent on the stage of development of the pasture, climate and pasture management. Although variability in the percentage of ryegrass in improved pastures is less than in developing pastures, changes in the ryegrass component in response to different managemcnts can be marked. Tiller counts demonstrated a lower population of ryegrass tillers under rotational grazing by cattle than under sheep. This was increased by changing either from cattle to sheep grazing or by hard set stocking with sheep during spring. Grazing to 3 cm produced more dense ryegrass pasture than grazing to 6 cm. Severity of grazing appeared to be particularly important in dry conditions when grazing below 3 cm is likely to reduce tiller density. A range of management options is therefore available to encourage the perennial ryegrass component, and thus total dry matter production, of improved pasture.
COMPETITION BETWEEN STRAINS OF RHIZOBIUM TRIFOLII IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WHITE CLOVER
Authors: Hale C.N.
Published: July 2020

The satisfactory establishment of white clover in redevelopment areas already colonized by Rhizobium trifolii depends upon (a) the effectiveness of the naturalized population, (b) the ability to introduce more effective strains, and (c) the persistence of introduced strains in a competitive situation. The effectiveness of naturalized populations of R. trifolii isolated from pasture soils on the Central Plateau is inferior when compared under standard conditions with strains used for inoculation of white clover. However, the superior competitive ability of naturalized populations prevents the satisfactory introduction of inoculant strains using conventional inoculation techniques. Alternative inoculation methods have been used to increase the proportion of nodules formed from the inoculant strain. Techniques are now being sought to improve the persistence of introduced strains of R. trifolii in competitive situations.
THE GRASSLAND MESSAGE
Authors: Rankin A.R.
Published: July 2020

With the Grassland Association now celebrating its 50th anniversary an attempt has been made to outline the main thrust of research and extension work and its effect on farming trends over ten year periods. The important grassland messages are covered and an attempt made to supply the grassland message for the future.
THE NEW ZEALAND GRASSLAND ASSOCIATION AND THE PASTORAL FARMERS
Authors: Inglis J.A.H.
Published: July 2020

Now that the New Zealand Grassland Association has been in existence for half a century, it is some cause for celebration, hut more importantly it is a reminder that we should take stock of ourselves and ask if the Association has achieved much and, most importantly, whether there is a case for its continuing existence in current or any other form. The author, a pastoral farmer who has been actively participating in the Association's activities for over fifteen years, submits the answer to both questions is "Yes" and endeavours to examine why.
THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH
Authors: Cresswell A.J.
Published: July 2020

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,
RECENT CHANGES IN THE ALPINE GRASSLANDS OF THE WEST COAST
Authors: Evans G.R.
Published: July 2020

A full range of both tall and short snowgrass communities are present within the alpine grassland region of the West Coast; Many of the intertussock, fleshy herbs were removed with the initial grazing by wild animals, while the stature of many of the tall tussock communities was reduced with continual heavy grazing. Once major animal control operations were undertaken, a dramatic recovery in stature was recorded on the most favourable sites. This initial response could be very rapid as the tussocks required only a reduction in grazing pressure to attain their full stature.
LAND DEVELOPMENT ON THE WEST COAST
Authors: Havill D.M.
Published: July 2020

With the aid of finance from the Rural Bank and various government incentive schemes, a four-year development programme of a 400 ha block of largely undeveloped land in a high rainfall area at Awatuna, 14 km from Hokitika, was undertaken in 1976. The area consisted of a mixture of alluvial flats, river terraces, mining tailings and pakihi, each with its own characteristics and problems. Devdopment techniques for each of these areas are described, and the management policy which makes use of these particular soil types to form the basis of a successful beef fattening enterprise is outlined.
Approach to the Introduction of Innovative Developments in the Mining Industry of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Vlasov N. , Osmonbetov E. , Maralbaev A. , Osmonbetov K. , Anokhin A. , Ryspaev K.
Published: July 2020

The presence of a large number of small and untapped gold deposits provides great prospects for small business development. Throughout the world, the key direction of economic development of countries is the widespread introduction of innovative technologies, as well as active state support. An effective, environmentally friendly Project for the development of small gold deposits has been developed. The developed technology for the development of small deposits will reduce costs throughout the entire organization cycle of gold mining by 2–3 times. These developments were reported to the committees of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Madu sebagai Terapi Komplementer Mengatasi Diare pada Anak Balita
Authors: Andayani Rifka Putri
Published: July 2020

Diare menimbulkan dampak bagi kesehatan anak salah satunya adalah dehidrasi. Pemberian madu bermanfaat dalam menurunkan frekuensi diare anak. Madu memiliki kandungan antibakteri, antiinflamasi, dan antivirus yang dapat mengatasi diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas madu terhadap frekuensi diare anak balita. Desain penelitian ini quasi experiment pre test and post test nonequivalent without control group pada 20 responden. Madu diberikan 3 kali sehari sebanyak 5 ml dan ORS diberikan setiap anak diare. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi diare menurun setelah diberikan madu (p<0,001). Madu dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif terapi yang dapat diterapkan oleh perawat anak di ruang rawat inap anak untuk menurunkan frekuensi diare pada anak.
Dukungan Sosial Pada Ibu Postpartum Primipara Terhadap Kejadian Postpartum Blues
Authors: Astri Riani , Fatmawati Ariani , Gartika Gina
Published: July 2020

Postpartum Blues (PPB) jika tidak ditangani akan berkembang menjadi depresi atau psikosa postpartum. Masalah ini dialami oleh sebagian ibu postpartum karena peran barunya sebagai seorang ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan dukungan sosial pada ibu postpartum primipara terhadap kejadian postpartum blues. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitaif dengan pendekatan deskiptif korelasi, jumlah sampel 106 orang dengan kriteria inklusi ibu postpartum hari 1-7, semua jenis persalinan, ibu sadar penuh, primipara dan bersedia menjadi responden. Penentuan jumlah sampel dengan menggunakan consecutive sampling dengan tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) dan postpartum support system and family coping quessionaire. Analisa data dengan chi-square. Ibu postpartum primipara mendapatkan dukungan sosial baik sebanyak 89.6% dan sebanyak 40,6% ibu primipara mengalami postpartum blues. Hasil analisis bivariate didapatkan p-value 0,007 (p-value <0,005) yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara dukungan sosial terhadap kejadian postpartum blues pada ibu primipara di RSKIA Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penting untuk deteksi dini kejadian postpartum blues atau depresi postpartum pada saat ibu hamil.
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Menurunkan Kecemasan Ibu Yang Memiliki Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR)
Authors: Oktiawati Anisa , Itsna Ita Nur , Ni’mah Jumrotun
Published: July 2020

Kasus Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu kontribusi terhadap kematian bayi khususnya pada masa perinatal sehingga membutuhkan perawatan dan perhatian khusus sehingga menimbulkan perasaan cemas pada ibu karena setiap ibu yang setelah melahirkan. Salah satu cara mudah untuk mengurangi kecemasan yaitu dengan terapi Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). Data rekam medis RSUD dr. Soeselo Kabupaten Tegal kasus BBLR dari Bulan Januari sampai September 2019 sejumlah 421 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  mengetahui tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan EFT. Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experimental dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan One group pra-post test design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 28 Ibu yang memiliki BBLR. Alat ukur kecemasan menggunakan kuesioner yang diadopsi dari Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A).  Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji wilcoxon. Hasil uji statistik di dapatkan p value 0,000 artinya ada pengaruh EFT terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada ibu yang memiliki BBLR.