bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deficits in Glenohumeral Passive Range of Motion Increase Risk of Shoulder Injury in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Macrina Leonard C. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Aune Kyle T. , Porterfield Ron A. , Harker Paul , Evans Timothy J. , Andrews James R.
Published: August 2015

Background:

Shoulder injuries from repetitive baseball pitching continue to be a serious, common problem.

Purpose:

To determine whether passive range of motion of the glenohumeral joint was predictive of shoulder injury or shoulder surgery in professional baseball pitchers.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Passive range of motion of the glenohumeral joint was assessed with a bubble goniometer during spring training for all major and minor league pitchers of a single professional baseball organization over a period of 8 successive seasons (2005-2012). Investigators performed a total of 505 examinations on 296 professional pitchers. Glenohumeral external and internal rotation was assessed with the pitcher supine and the arm abducted to 90° in the scapular plane with the scapula stabilized anteriorly at the coracoid process. Total rotation was defined as the sum of internal and external glenohumeral rotation. Passive shoulder flexion was measured with the pitcher supine and the lateral border of the scapula manually stabilized. After examination, shoulder injuries and injury durations were recorded by each pitcher’s respective baseball organization and reported to the league as an injury transaction as each player was placed on the disabled list.

Results:

Highly significant side-to-side differences were noted within subjects for each range of motion measurement. There were 75 shoulder injuries and 20 surgeries recorded among 51 pitchers, resulting in 5570 total days on the disabled list. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, total rotation deficit, and flexion deficit were not significantly related to shoulder injury or surgery. Pitchers with insufficient external rotation (<5° greater external rotation in the throwing shoulder) were 2.2 times more likely to be placed on the disabled list for a shoulder injury ( P = .014; 95% CI, 1.2-4.1) and were 4.0 times more likely to require shoulder surgery ( P = .009; 95% CI, 1.5-12.6).

Conclusion:

Insufficient shoulder external rotation on the throwing side increased the likelihood of shoulder injury and shoulder surgery. Sports medicine clinicians should be aware of these findings and develop a preventive plan that addresses this study’s findings to reduce pitchers’ risk of shoulder injury and surgery.
Longitudinal Study of Changes in Daily Activity Rhythms over the Lifespan in Individual Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Stowie Adam C. , Glass J. David
Published: August 2015

Mice are used widely for research on circadian, molecular and other processes; however, little is known of circadian age- and, particularly, sex-related changes that occur over the entire lifespan of this species. To shed light on this question, the authors used a longitudinal design for the first continuous actogram measurements of general circadian locomotor activity rhythms unperturbed by photocycle or other experimental manipulations over the lifespan in male and female C57BL/6J mice. These weaning-to-death actograms are the most inclusive undertaken to date. Comparisons of circadian parameters (phase angle of entrainment, length of daily activity, bout length/intensity) were made among 4 life stages (adolescence, adult, middle age, and senescence). The present data reveal the progressive and sex-related changes in general locomotor activity pattern that occur throughout the lifespan. From the overall perspective of this study, there appears to be a need for wider age and sex representation in circadian research.
Améliorer l’expérience des patients par la personnalisation des services de santé
Authors: Snowdon Anne W. , Alessi Charles , Bassi Harpreet , DeForge Ryan T. , Schnarr Karin
Published: August 2015

De nombreux leaders trouvent difficile de mobiliser les patients, dont les attentes envers les services de santé exigent désormais une approche plus personnalisée. Le présent article porte sur les tendances de consommation qui influent sur la mobilisation et l’autonomisation des patients à l’égard des technologies numériques. Éclairés par les tendances de consommation et de santé en population susceptibles de personnaliser les services de santé, les leaders peuvent adopter trois stratégies pour renforcer l’expérience des patients : mettre davantage l’accent sur la santé et le bien-être personnels, amorcer un virage vers des soins de santé personnalisés plutôt que normalisés et faciliter la démocratisation de l’information en matière de santé.
Pedestrian Safety and the Built Environment
Authors: Stoker Philip , Garfinkel-Castro Andrea , Khayesi Meleckidzedeck , Odero Wilson , Mwangi Martin N. , Peden Margie , Ewing Reid
Published: August 2015

Urban and regional planning has a contribution to make toward improving pedestrian safety, particularly in view of the fact that about 273,000 pedestrians were killed in road traffic crashes in 2010. The road is a built environments that should enhance safety and security for pedestrians, but this ideal is not always the case. This article presents an overview of the evidence on the risks that pedestrians face in the built environment. This article shows that design of the roadway and development of different land uses can either increase or reduce pedestrian road traffic injury. Planners need to design or modify the built environment to minimize risk for pedestrians.
The Impact of Childhood Abuse and Current Mental Health on Young Adult Intimate Relationship Functioning
Authors: Tardif-Williams Christine Y. , Tanaka Masako , Boyle Michael H. , MacMillan Harriet L.
Published: August 2015

This study examines the association between childhood abuse and intimate relationship quality and attachment security in young adults. Data were drawn from the Ontario Child Health Study, a province-wide community-based survey that collected baseline data in 1983 from 3,294 children (aged 4 to 16 years) and follow-up data in 2000/2001 (then aged 21 to 35 years). The sample comprised 1,885 men and women who had completed questionnaires regarding retrospective accounts of childhood abuse and current relationship status in 2000/2001. Childhood physical and sexual abuse was assessed using the short form of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire. It was hypothesized that childhood physical and sexual abuse would be associated with adult intimate relationship functioning, adjusting for childhood family and individual factors, and that these associations would be mediated by participants’ current mental health. The analysis for intimate relationship quality showed that current mental health reduced the association between physical abuse and poor relationship quality (beta 0.09 (se 0.02) to 0.08 (0.02)) and between sexual abuse and this outcome to a non-significant level ((beta 0.07 (se 0.03) to 0.05 (0.03)). The analysis for adult attachment security showed that current mental health reduced the association between physical abuse and insecure attachment to a non-significant level (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.02-1.76) to OR 1.31 (0.98-1.76)) and between sexual abuse and this outcome (OR 1.89 (1.36-2.65) to OR 1.74 (1.19-2.52)). The importance of current mental health functioning in accounting for continuity in intimate relationship functioning from childhood to young adulthood is discussed.
College Women’s Attributions of Blame for Experiences of Sexual Assault
Authors: Donde Sapana D.
Published: August 2015

Little research has examined the factors that help to explain or predict different attributions of blame that rape survivors assign to their assault experiences. The current study sought to examine (a) rape survivors’ attributions of blame to themselves and to external sources, specifically the perpetrator, the circumstances surrounding the assault (i.e., the situation), and society; (b) whether or not rape survivors attribute more blame to certain sources than others; and (c) which individual and situational factors that have been discussed in the sexual assault research literature help to explain self-blame, perpetrator blame, situational blame, and societal blame within a college sample ( N = 129). Results indicated that rape survivors attributed the most blame to themselves and to society, some blame to the situation, and the least blame to the male involved. Multiple regression analyses revealed that, for the most part, variables specific to the rape survivor (e.g., history of childhood sexual abuse, clarity of refusing sex, and perceived level of intoxication) significantly related to self-blame, whereas variables specific to assault severity significantly related to perpetrator blame (e.g., level of physical harm, type of rape, and recency of the assault), although in some unexpected ways. Age and recency of the assault were significantly related to situational blame. Clarity of refusing sex was the only variable that was significantly related to societal blame. Implications are discussed for prevention, education, and practice.
Frames Beyond Words
Authors: Burscher Bjorn , Vliegenthart Rens , Vreese Claes H. de
Published: August 2015

Methods to automatically analyze media content are advancing significantly. Among others, it has become increasingly popular to analyze the framing of news articles by means of statistical procedures. In this article, we investigate the conceptual validity of news frames that are inferred by a combination of k-means cluster analysis and automatic sentiment analysis. Furthermore, we test a way of improving statistical frame analysis such that revealed clusters of articles reflect the framing concept more closely. We do so by only using words from an article’s title and lead and by excluding named entities and words with a certain part of speech from the analysis. To validate revealed frames, we manually analyze samples of articles from the extracted clusters. Findings of our tests indicate that when following the proposed feature selection approach, the resulting clusters more accurately discriminate between articles with a different framing. We discuss the methodological and theoretical implications of our findings.
Very Frequent Fallers and Future Fall Injury
Authors: Poss Jeffrey W. , Hirdes John P.
Published: August 2015

Objectives: To examine the relationship between falls history, especially those with frequent recent falls, and future injurious falls. Method: Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care records of 167,162 home care recipients in Ontario, Canada, were linked to emergency department records recording an injurious fall. Diagnosis codes further informed the nature of the injuries. Results: Persons with a high number of recent falls tended to be younger, and more likely to have Parkinson’s or multiple sclerosis. Odds ratios for a future injurious fall, compared with zero recent falls, were as follows: 1.58 (1 fall), 1.91 (2 or 3 falls), 2.54 (4-8 falls), 3.07 (9 or more falls). Injuries among those with multiple recent falls were more likely to be head injuries with an open wound. Discussion: Persons reporting high number of recent falls were at the greatest risk of a future injurious fall and should receive the greatest attention in care planning.
A review of origami applications in mechanical engineering
Authors: Turner Nicholas , Goodwine Bill , Sen Mihir
Published: August 2015

This is an overview of current research in origami applied to mechanical engineering. Fundamental concepts and definitions commonly used in origami are introduced, including a background on key mathematical origami findings. An outline of applications in mechanical engineering is presented. The foundation of an origami-based design procedure and software that is currently available to aid in design are also described. The goal of this review is to introduce the subject to mechanical engineers who may not be familiar with it, and encourage future origami-based design and applications.
Design and evaluation of an observer-based disturbance rejection controller for electric power steering systems
Authors: Mehrabi Naser , McPhee John , Azad Nasser L.
Published: August 2015

The goal of this paper is to develop an observer-based disturbance rejection electric power steering (EPS) controller to provide steering assistance and improve the driver’s steering feel. For the purpose of control design, a control-oriented model of a vehicle with a column-assist EPS system is developed and verified against a high-fidelity multibody dynamics model of the vehicle. The high-fidelity model is used to mimic vehicle dynamics to study controller performance in realistic driving conditions. Then, a linear quadratic Gaussian approach is used to design an EPS optimal controller, in which a Kalman filter estimates the unmeasured steering system’s states and external disturbance. A new formulation for the linear quadratic regulator objective function is proposed to take advantages of the known information about the system dynamics to attenuate the disturbance and magnify the driver’s torque.

Finally, the EPS controller is applied to the high-fidelity vehicle model in a software-in-the-loop simulation to evaluate its robustness and performance under realistic conditions. The results show that the proposed controller can effectively reduce the disturbance induced in the steering rack, and simultaneously magnify the driver’s steering torque by use of a bi-linear EPS characteristic curve. Then, to show the disturbance rejection properties of this EPS controller, its performance is compared with H2/ H∞ and PID control designs using time and frequency domain analysis.
Development and field test of a high-temperature heat pump used in crude oil heating
Authors: He Yongning , Cao Feng , Jin Lei , Yang Dongfang , Wang Xiaolin , Xing Ziwen
Published: August 2015

In this paper, a high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) is developed and manufactured to replace the traditional oil-fired boiler heater for crude oil heating. It extracts thermal energy from waste hot water separated from the crude oil to provide high-temperature hot water to heat the crude oil. A prototype of the HTHP system is installed in the Jinzhou oil treatment station in Liaoning, China and the field test is conducted for about 6000 h. A typical 144 h of field testing data is analyzed to evaluate the performance of the designed HTHP system. It is observed that the temperature of hot water provided by the HTHP unit varies from 86 ℃ to 95 ℃ throughout the whole operating period and is sufficient for the crude oil heating (80–90 ℃). The heating capacity and power consumption of the HTHP system varies from 1350 to 1785 kW, and 171 to 197 kW, respectively. The overall system coefficient of performance ranges from 3.5 to 4.4 with an average value of 3.8. Based on the experimental results, a primary energy ratio is introduced to evaluate and compare the economics of the studied HTHP system and oil-fired boiler heater. The comparison shows that the energy consumed by the HTHP unit is only 57% of that consumed by the oil-fired boiler heater. If all traditional oil-fired boiler heaters are replaced by the HTHPs in the Jinzhou oil treatment station, the total yearly energy saving is around 1.12 × 104 tons of equivalent coal which equates to 1.76 × 104 tons of CO2 emissions.
Neurodegeneration and Identity
Authors: Strohminger Nina , Nichols Shaun
Published: August 2015

There is a widespread notion, both within the sciences and among the general public, that mental deterioration can rob individuals of their identity. Yet there have been no systematic investigations of what types of cognitive damage lead people to appear to no longer be themselves. We measured perceived identity change in patients with three kinds of neurodegenerative disease: frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Structural equation models revealed that injury to the moral faculty plays the primary role in identity discontinuity. Other cognitive deficits, including amnesia, have no measurable impact on identity persistence. Accordingly, frontotemporal dementia has the greatest effect on perceived identity, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has the least. We further demonstrated that perceived identity change fully mediates the impact of neurodegenerative disease on relationship deterioration between patient and caregiver. Our results mark a departure from theories that ground personal identity in memory, distinctiveness, dispositional emotion, or global mental function.
Exploring the Hidden-Profile Paradigm
Authors: Sohrab Serena G. , Waller Mary J. , Kaplan Seth
Published: August 2015

Much of our knowledge of team information processing has been influenced by the hidden-profile paradigm. In this review, we employ the input–mediator–outcome (IMO) team effectiveness framework to organize a systematic and comprehensive review of the knowledge accumulated in this area during the last three decades. The use of the IMO framework highlights important aspects of team dynamics that have received limited attention in past studies. Building on our analysis of the literature, we discuss significant theoretical questions that remain to be answered and propose methodological changes that would broaden and enhance our current understanding of team information processing. We suggest that the hidden-profile paradigm has reached maturity in terms of the permutations of Stasser and Titus’s original conceptualization and conclude by proposing that future research should move toward exploring novel settings that move closer toward embracing the dynamic and complex nature of team information processing.
A Protocol for the Control of Agitation in Palliative Care
Authors: Gonçalves Ferraz , Almeida Ana , Pereira Sara
Published: August 2015

Background:

Agitation is a distressing and dangerous behavior for all involved.

Objective:

To study a protocol effectiveness and safety.

Methods:

The time when the protocol was initiated and when the agitation was controlled, the number of doses needed and the complications observed were recorded.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-five inpatients of a palliative care service were included. The most frequent diagnosis was head and neck cancer, 37 (27%). The protocol was used 584 times, from 1 to 31 times on each patient, median of 3 times. Five hundred and thirty-four (91%) agitation episodes were controlled with only the first dose of the protocol, without significant complications.

Conclusion:

From those results, it can be said that this protocol is effective and safe.
Critical Consciousness and Vocational Development Among Latina/o High School Youth
Authors: McWhirter Ellen Hawley , McWhirter Benedict T.
Published: August 2015

Critical consciousness of inequity and racism may be a significant asset for Latina/Latino youth’s educational persistence and vocational development. This study describes the development and testing of a new measure of critical consciousness in two samples of Latina/Latino adolescents. Study 1 presents an exploratory factor analysis of the critical consciousness items in a sample of 476 Latina/Latino students from 65 high schools. Study 2 presents confirmatory factor analyses of the items in a separate sample of Latina/Latino students from 74 high schools for the English ( n = 680) and Spanish ( n = 190) versions of the measure. A two-factor structure (Critical Agency and Critical Behavior) provided a good fit to the data. Relationships between Critical Agency, Critical Behavior, and variables such as postsecondary education plans, vocational outcome expectations, engagement (in school, extracurricular activities, Spanish language, and helping others), and thoughts of dropping out provide initial evidence of construct validity. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Job Apathy
Authors: Schmidt Gordon B. , Park Guihyun , Keeney Jessica , Ghumman Sonia
Published: August 2015

Work anecdotes and popular media programs such as Office Space, The Office, and Dilbert suggest that there are a number of workers in the United States who feel a sense of apathy toward their workplace and their job. This article develops these ideas theoretically and provides validity evidence for a scale of job apathy across two studies. Job apathy is defined as a type of selective apathy characterized by diminished motivation and affect toward one’s job. A scale of job apathy was developed and data from a sample of currently or recently employed college students supported two dimensions: apathetic action and apathetic thought. Job apathy was found to be empirically distinct from clinical apathy, negative affectivity, cynicism, and employee engagement. Job apathy was also found to have incremental validity in the prediction of personal initiative, withdrawal, and organizational deviance. Practical implications and future research directions for job apathy are discussed.
Value of Children, Family Change, and Implications for the Care of the Elderly
Authors: Kagitcibasi Cigdem , Ataca Bilge
Published: August 2015

Values attributed to children provide insights into the place of the child in family and society. The place of the child, in turn, is the key to understanding intergenerational dynamics. In this article, a key construct, “value of children,” and several studies using it are examined from the perspective of a theory of family change. This theoretical perspective and the studies shed light on the links between the values attributed to children/expectations from them, and the care of the elderly—two key aspects of the family not commonly studied in intersection. This intersection is analyzed in this article. Research shows that where the values attributed to children define the role of the offspring as the provider for the parents, family care of the elderly becomes the norm. With systematic changes in the socio-cultural-economic context and in the family, this norm undergoes change, also. What changes, what is maintained, and to what degree are empirical questions of significance for the care of the elderly.
The Best Laid Plans
Authors: Hansen Melissa , Faran Turaj , O’Byrne David
Published: August 2015

The article documents the case of South Africa’s struggle to reconcile racially based poverty, a legacy of apartheid, and attempts to conserve the country’s unique and important biodiversity. We present an analysis of KwaDapha, a small village in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park in northern KwaZulu-Natal, a protected area and UNESCO World Heritage Site, in terms of the capability approach. Despite South Africa’s strong human rights orientation, we show that the freedom, or agency, of local users and inhabitants to achieve doings and beings according to their own values and norms, is constrained by state-led conservation management at KwaDapha. We suggest that the intellectual cause of this failure might lie in the conflation of two distinct concepts: human rights and the capability approach, in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park’s predominantly market-based operationalization of sustainable development.
Skeletal Muscle Vascular Control During Exercise
Authors: Ferguson Scott K. , Glean Angela A. , Holdsworth Clark T. , Wright Jennifer L. , Fees Alex J. , Colburn Trenton D. , Stabler Thomas , Allen Jason D. , Jones Andrew M. , Musch Timothy I. , Poole David C.
Published: August 2015

The nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent pathway of nitric oxide (NO) production in which nitrite (NO2−) is reduced to NO may have therapeutic applications for those with cardiovascular diseases in which the NOS pathway is downregulated. We tested the hypothesis that NO2− infusion would reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increase skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) and vascular conductance (VC) during exercise in the face of NOS blockade via L-NAME. Following infusion of L-NAME (10 mg kg−1, L-NAME), male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-6 months, n = 8) exercised without NG-nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and after infusion of sodium NO2− (7 mg kg−1; L-NAME + NO2−). MAP and hindlimb skeletal muscle BF (radiolabeled microsphere infusions) were measured during submaximal treadmill running (20 m min−1, 5% grade). Across group comparisons were made with a published control data set (n = 11). Relative to L-NAME, NO2− infusion significantly reduced MAP ( P < 0.03). The lower MAP in L-NAME+NO2− was not different from healthy control animals (control: 137 ± 3 L-NAME: 157 ± 7, L-NAME + NO2−: 136 ± 5 mm Hg). Also, NO2− infusion significantly increased VC when compared to L-NAME ( P < 0.03), ultimately negating any significant differences from control animals (control: 0.78 ± 0.05, L-NAME: 0.57 ± 0.03, L-NAME + NO2−; 0.69 ± 0.04 mL min−1 100 g−1 mm Hg−1) with no apparent fiber-type preferential effect. Overall, hindlimb BF was decreased significantly by L-NAME; however, in L-NAME + NO2−, BF improved to a level not significantly different from healthy controls (control: 108 ± 8, L-NAME: 88 ± 3, L-NAME + NO2−: 94 ± 6 mL min−1 100 g−1, P = 0.38 L-NAME vs L-NAME + NO2−). Individuals with diseases that impair NOS activity, and thus vascular function, may benefit from a NO2−-based therapy in which NO bioavailability is elevated in an NOS-independent manner.
Sexual Harassment, Bullying, and School Outcomes for High School Girls and Boys
Authors: Gruber James , Fineran Susan
Published: August 2015

A comparison of the impact of bullying and sexual harassment on five school outcomes was conducted on a sample of high school students. Results revealed that sexual harassment was a stronger predictor than bullying of all school outcomes for both sexes, but especially for girls. This study suggests that sexual harassment, which activates sexist and heterosexist stereotypes, erodes school engagement, alienates students from teachers, and adversely affects academic achievement, to a greater degree than bullying does.
Predicting Abused Women With Children Who Return to a Shelter
Authors: McFarlane Judith , Pennings Jacquelyn , Liu Fuqin , Gilroy Heidi , Nava Angeles , Maddoux John A. , Montalvo-Liendo Nora , Paulson René
Published: August 2015

To develop a tool to predict risk for return to a shelter, 150 women with children, exiting a domestic violence shelter, were evaluated every 4 months for 24 months to determine risk factors for returning to a shelter. The study identified four risk factors, including danger for murder, woman’s age (i.e., older women), tangible support (i.e., access to money, transportation), and child witness to verbal abuse of the mother. An easy to use, quick triage tool with a weighted score was derived, which can identify with 90% accuracy abused women with children most likely to return to shelters.
Stability of four standardized preparations of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone for intrathecal use
Authors: Olmos-Jiménez Raquel , Espuny-Miró Alberto , Díaz-Carrasco María Sacramento , Fernández-Varón Emilio , Valderrey-Pulido Manuel , Cárceles-Rodríguez Carlos
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Intrathecal administration of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone is commonly used to treat and prevent central nervous system involvement in leukemias and lymphomas. The use of intrathecal solutions with pH and osmolarity values close to physiologic range of CSF (pH 7.31–7.37, osmolarity 281–306 mOsm/kg) and standardization of the methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone doses in children and adults based on age is highly recommended. Stability studies of standardized intrathecal mixtures under these conditions have not yet been published.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical stabilities of four standardized mixtures of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone stored at 2–8℃ and 25℃ up to 7 days after preparation.

Methods

Four different standardized intrathecal mixtures were prepared and stored at 2–8℃ and 25℃ and protected from light. Triplicate samples were taken at different times and precipitation, appearance, color, pH, and osmolarity were analyzed. Methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone concentrations were measured using a modified high-performance liquid chromatography method.

Results

No variation greater than 10% of the initial concentration of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone was observed in any of the four standardized mixtures for the 7 days of study when stored at 2–8℃ and 25℃ and protected from light. The osmolarity of the four preparations was within the physiologic range of CSF for 7 days at both 2–8℃ and 25℃. The pH values close to the physiologic range of CSF were stable for 48 h at 25℃ and for 120 h at 2–8℃.

Conclusions

Triple intrathecal standardized preparations of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone sodium phosphate are physically and chemically stable at 25℃ for 48 h and at 2–8℃ for 5 days.
Hip Hop HEALS
Authors: Williams Olajide , DeSorbo Alexandra , Sawyer Vanessa , Apakama Donald , Shaffer Michele , Gerin William , Noble James
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We explored the effect of a culturally targeted calorie label intervention on food purchasing behavior of elementary school students. Method. We used a quasi-experimental design with two intervention schools and one control school to assess food purchases of third through fifth graders at standardized school food sales before and after the intervention (immediate and delayed) in schools. The intervention comprised three 1-hour assembly-style hip-hop–themed multimedia classes. Results. A mean total of 225 children participated in two baseline preintervention sales with and without calorie labels; 149 children participated in immediate postintervention food sales, while 133 children participated in the delayed sales. No significant change in purchased calories was observed in response to labels alone before the intervention. However, a mean decline in purchased calories of 20% ( p < .01) and unhealthy foods ( p < .01) was seen in immediately following the intervention compared to baseline purchases, and this persisted without significant decay after 7 days and 12 days. Conclusion. A 3-hour culturally targeted calorie label intervention may improve food-purchasing behavior of children.
Stress, Health Risk Behaviors, and Weight Status Among Community College Students
Authors: Pelletier Jennifer E. , Lytle Leslie A. , Laska Melissa N.
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between stress, weight-related health risk behaviors (e.g., eating behaviors, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, cigarette smoking, and binge drinking), and weight status using cross-sectional data on 2-year community college students enrolled in a randomized controlled weight gain prevention trial. Modified Poisson regression and linear regression were used to examine crude and adjusted cross-sectional associations. Higher stress was associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (crude prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.01, 1.09]), though the relationship was no longer statistically significant after controlling for a wide range of weight-related health risk behaviors (adjusted PR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.00, 1.08]). Stress levels were significantly associated with meal skipping and being a current smoker. Future research should investigate the mechanisms through which stress is related to obesity risk and examine the causes of stress among this understudied population to inform the design of appropriate interventions.
Exploring changes to a teacher’s teaching practices and student learning through a volleyball content knowledge workshop
Authors: Kim Insook
Published: August 2015

This paper describes how improving a teacher’s content knowledge changes his teaching practices and its subsequent effects on student learning during a middle school volleyball instructional unit. The study was designed to challenge teacher educators’ thinking about the importance of in-depth content knowledge for effective teaching by demonstrating the effects of a content knowledge workshop on a teacher’s teaching practices and student learning. A mixed-method research design was adopted with one male physical education teacher’s qualitative teaching data and his 24 eighth-grade students’ quantitative learning data. Two separate classes of volleyball were observed for 5 days before and after the content knowledge workshop ( n = 20 lessons total). Audio and videotaped recordings were made of each lesson. Descriptive and constant comparative analyses were used to analyze the data. The results of the study indicated that the teacher used more task progressions, integrated skill practices, small-sided games, content adaptations, and diverse verbal instructional repertoires after developing content knowledge. These changes ultimately impacted the students’ game performance and involvement as well as cognitive understanding of content. The findings verify that there are strong relationships among the teacher, content, and student learning by showing how the other components are changed when the teacher’s level of content knowledge is altered. The research effort may guide teacher educators’ professional development efforts aimed at increasing pre-service and in-service teachers’ professional knowledge for teaching.
Developing “Care Assistant”: A smartphone application to support caregivers of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Wang Jingting , Yao Nengliang , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Fen , Liu Yanyan , Geng Zhaohui , Yuan Changrong
Published: August 2015

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy. Caring for children with ALL is an uncommon experience for parents without medical training. They urgently need professional assistance when their children are recovering at home. This paper documents the process of developing an Android application (app) “Care Assistant” for family caregivers of children with ALL. Key informant interviews and focus group studies were used before programming the app. The key informants and focus group members included: caregivers of children with ALL, cancer care physicians and nurses, and software engineers. We found several major challenges faced by caregivers: limited access to evidence-based clinic information, lack of financial and social assistance, deficient communications with doctors or nurses, lack of disease-related knowledge, and inconvenience of tracking treatments and testing results. This feedback was used to develop “Care Assistant”. This app has eight modules: personal information, treatment tracking, family care, financial and social assistance, knowledge centre, self-assessment questionnaires, interactive platform, and reminders. We have also developed a web-based administration portal to manage the app. The usability and effectiveness of “Care Assistant” will be evaluated in future studies.
An integrated fuzzy support vector regression and the particle swarm optimization algorithm to predict indoor thermal comfort
Authors: Megri Fayçal , Megri Ahmed Cherif , Djabri Riadh
Published: August 2015

The thermal comfort indices are usually identified using empirical thermal models based on the human balanced equations and experimentations. In our paper, we propose a statistical regression method to predict these indices. To achieve this goal, first, the fuzzy support vector regression (FSVR) identification approach was integrated with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Then PSO was used as a global optimizer to optimize and select the hyper-parameters needed for the FSVR model. The radial basis function (RBF) kernel was used within the FSVR model. Afterward, these optimal hyper-parameters were used to forecast the thermal comfort indices: predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD), new standard effective temperature (SET*), thermal discomfort (DISC), thermal sensation (TSENS) and predicted percent dissatisfied due to draft (PD). The application of the proposed approach on different data sets gave successful prediction and promising results. Moreover, the comparisons between the traditional Fanger model and the new model further demonstrate that the proposed model achieves even better identification performance than the original FSVR technique.
Air and hygiene quality in crowded housing environments – a case study of subdivided units in Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Ka Man , Lee Ka Man , Yu William
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental quality and hygiene in crowded living environments, subdivided units in Hong Kong. Subdivided units are an emerging form of housing environment for the urban poor. It is hypothesised that subdivided unit residents have a higher risk of exposure to poor hygiene conditions but no measurement has ever been taken to test this hypothesis. Twenty questionnaires and environmental assessments were conducted. Dominant bacterial species were identified as Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus spp., and the microbial counts were correlated with building, occupants and environmental parameters. Driven by the high bacterial counts and poor hygiene observation, eight subdivided units were selected for endotoxin, glucan and allergen analysis in bed and floor dust. Total airborne bacterial counts and endotoxin and glucan in dust were found at very high levels in some subdivided units, while unexpectedly, the allergen and mould levels were low. In crowded environments the skin bacteria may mislead the environmental and atmospheric bacterial contamination. Outdoor microbial pollution and deteriorated building conditions can be the main source of indoor contamination. ‘Good’ or ‘Excellent’ class of bacterial counts satisfying the Indoor Air Quality Objective does not guarantee a low endotoxin and glucan level.
Management of blunt renal trauma
Authors: George Kurian , Al Busaidy Salim
Published: August 2015

Non-operative management of renal injuries has gained acceptance in the past few decades. We report our experience of the management of blunt renal trauma at our hospital between January 2007 and July 2014. This study illustrates that non-operative treatment of major renal lacerations with or without urinary extravasation is safe and effective in haemodynamically stable patients. A significantly higher rate of double J stent insertions was deployed in this study for injuries with significant extravasation, which did not have any detrimental effect and an overall excellent outcome was observed.
The capabilities approach: Rethinking agency, freedom, and capital in early education
Authors: Buzzelli Cary A
Published: August 2015

This article presents an overview of the human capital approach to human development and how it has been used for evaluating early education programs. It critiques the human capital approach by considering how its focus on measurable returns on economic investments limits an understanding of the full and complex contribution of early education to young children’s development and well-being. The capabilities approach described by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum provides a more thorough framework for understanding the influence of early education on young children’s development and well-being. The article proposes that integrating the human capital approach within the capabilities approach addresses the critiques of the human capital approach and provides a more inclusive context for understanding and assessing the full contribution of early education to children’s development and well-being. It concludes with the implications that such integration has for assessment practices in early childhood.
Designing for diverse classrooms: Using iPads and digital cameras to compose eBooks with emergent bilingual/biliterate four-year-olds
Authors: Rowe Deborah Wells , Miller Mary E
Published: August 2015

This paper reports the findings of a two-year design study exploring instructional conditions supporting emerging, bilingual/biliterate, four-year-olds’ digital composing. With adult support, children used child-friendly, digital cameras and iPads equipped with writing, drawing and bookmaking apps to compose multimodal, multilingual eBooks containing photos, child-produced drawings, writing and voice recordings. Children took digital cameras home, and home photos were loaded onto the iPads for bookmaking. In Year 1, eBook activities successfully supported children’s multimodal composing. Children used similar writing forms on the page and screen, and explored the keyboard as an option for writing. Children used digital images as anchors for conversation and composing, and produced oral recordings extending and elaborating written messages. However, most dual-language recordings were created by Spanish-English bilinguals, with speakers of other languages rarely composing in their heritage languages. In Year 2, we redesigned eBook events to better support all children as multimodal, multilingual composers. Revised eBook activities included multilingual, demonstration eBooks containing all the children’s languages, with translations by bilingual adults known to the children. Beginning early in the school year, these eBooks were publicly shared in large group activities. The results showed that all emergent bilingual/biliterate children created dual-language recordings for their eBooks in Year 2. We concluded that: (a) the ability to integrate photos and voice recordings with print and drawings provided new opportunities for learning and teaching not available in page-based composing; (b) the affordances of iPads for children’s learning were shaped by local language and literacy practices.
Anthropologizing and indigenizing heritage: The origins of the UNESCO Global Strategy for a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List
Authors: Gfeller Aurélie Elisa
Published: August 2015

This article analyzes the origins of the 1994 Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List as a lens through which to view the process of constructing and re-elaborating a global heritage discourse. Using untapped archival records, it shows that the Global Strategy crystallized after lengthy prior discussions reaching to the early 1980s. Most important, it demonstrates that the novel element in 1994 was the influence of new actors, although not from the Global South that was intended to be the beneficiary of change. The contributors to the Global Strategy were rather from regions (Australia) or disciplines (anthropology) that had hitherto failed to claim their share of influence in shaping international cultural heritage concepts despite being firmly situated within the North. By highlighting such influences, this article resonates with the efforts of anthropologists and other scholars to eschew a reductive center-periphery framework in conceptualizing global cultural flows.
Reality and understanding of asthma control
Authors: Beharry Stephen , Gidla David , Maharaj Anitra , Bisram Satesh , Sakhamuri Sateesh , Seemungal Terence A , Pinto Pereira Lexley M
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to describe the level and perception of control in severe asthma in Trinidad after the introduction of revised guidelines for asthma management. Adult asthmatics ( N = 329) at Trinidad’s chest clinics were cross-sectionally examined for guideline-defined disease control. Patients’ mean (SD) age was 54.36 (14.9) years, with body mass index = 28.54 (7.4) kg/meter2, and females were proportionally more (246, 74.74%). Measured (45.29%) and perceived (18.96%) uncontrolled disease were poorly concordant (κ statistic = 0.197). Co-morbidity (≥2 conditions) correlated with uncontrolled disease in 55.80% of patients (Spearman correlation p = 0.03). Absolute peak expiratory flow was higher ( p < 0.001) in controlled and/or partially controlled disease than in uncontrolled asthma. Routine work limitation, night-time disturbances, work absenteeism, exacerbations, rescue inhalation and perceived control correlated with uncontrolled asthma ( p < 0.001). Few patients self-monitored lung function (9.73%) or kept an asthma diary (6.69%), but 65.1% believed they had to live with their symptoms. The asthma burden was at least one hospitalization (53.80%) and emergency department visit (66.36%) in the past year, cough (74.49%), dyspnoea (84.50%), wheezing (80.55%) and chest tightness (66.87%). After the revised guidelines, uncontrolled asthma and related morbidity remain suboptimal, with disagreeing actual and perceived control. Efforts to transform guidelines into patient care with realistic interpretation of control are recommended.
Greening HRD
Authors: Valentin Claire
Published: August 2015

The Problem

Sustainability is an important issue that presents challenges in three areas—human resource development (HRD) practice, HRD research, and in the teaching of HRD. There is a need to develop multidisciplinary understandings.

The Solution

Organizational and HRD practices emerge from different perspectives and positions. Taking the triple bottom line as a starting point, this article develops a conceptual framework for thinking about and practicing HRD. Drawing on Habermas’s knowledge interests, this distinguishes three sustainability orientations: Compliance, Cooperation, and Coexistence. It argues for a critical focus and explores approaches to support deep learning and questioning, such as problem-posing education, dissensus, collaborative learning, and problematization in research.

The Stakeholders

HRD scholars, researchers, and practitioners. May also be of interest to others involved in environmental sustainability and critical management studies.
Health Education Specialists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Authors: Strong Jessica , Hanson Carl L. , Magnusson Brianna , Neiger Brad
Published: August 2015

The changing landscape of health care as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) may provide new opportunities for health education specialists (HES). The purpose of this study was to survey HES in the United States on their knowledge and attitudes of the ACA and assess their perceptions of job growth under the law. A random sample of 220 (36% response rate) certified HES completed a 53-item cross sectional survey administered online through Qualtrics. Findings were compared to public opinion on health care reform. HES are highly favorable of the law (70%) compared to the general public (23%). A total of 85% of respondents were able to list a provision of the ACA, and most (81%) thought the ACA would be successful at increasing insured Americans. Over half (64.6%) believe job opportunities will increase. Those who viewed the law favorably were significantly more likely to score better on a knowledge scale related to the ACA. HES understand publicized provisions but are uncertain about common myths and specific provisions related to Title IV, “Prevention of Chronic Disease and Improving Public Health.” Directed and continuing education to HES regarding the ACA is warranted.
The Haunting of Evidence
Authors: Dillon Stephen , Page Allison
Published: August 2015

In this essay, we situate the murder of Trayvon Martin within the history of the relationship between evidence and anti-blackness, suggesting that evidence and facts are rendered irrelevant when it comes to racialized violence and terror. Through an examination of the circulated “media narrative” images of Martin and Zimmerman, we argue that the failure of evidence is bound up with a racialized optics rooted in U.S. chattel slavery that overdetermines blackness as a political ontology of criminality. One cannot prove blackness innocent because guilt is a foregone conclusion.