bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A noninvasive method to study regulation of extracellular fluid volume in rats using nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Gordon Christopher J. , Phillips Pamela M. , Johnstone Andrew F. M.
Published: December 2015

Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR)-based measurement of body composition of rodents is an effective method to quickly and repeatedly measure proportions of fat, lean, and fluid without anesthesia. TD-NMR provides a measure of free water in a living animal, termed %fluid, and is a measure of unbound water in the vascular and extracellular spaces. We hypothesized that injecting a bolus of fluid into the peritoneal cavity would lead to an abrupt increase in %fluid and the rate of clearance monitored with TD-NMR would provide a noninvasive assessment of the free water homeostasis in an awake rat. Several strains of laboratory rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10 ml/kg isotonic or hypertonic saline and %fluid was monitored repeatedly with a Bruker “Minispec” TD-NMR body composition system. Following isotonic saline, %fluid increased immediately by 0.5% followed by a recovery over ∼6 h. Injecting hypertonic (3 times normal saline) resulted in a significantly greater rise in %fluid and longer recovery. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous fluid injection led to similar rates of clearance. The Wistar-Kyoto rat strain displayed significantly slower recovery to fluid loads compared with Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley strains. Rats exercised chronically showed significant increases in %fluid, but the rate of clearance of fluid was similar to that of sedentary animals. We conclude that this technique could be used to study vascular and extracellular volume homeostasis noninvasively in rats.
Activation of ENaC in collecting duct cells by prorenin and its receptor PRR: involvement of Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Lu Xiaohan , Wang Fei , Liu Mi , Yang Kevin T. , Nau Adam , Kohan Donald E. , Reese Van , Richardson Russell S. , Yang Tianxin
Published: December 2015

The collecting duct (CD) has been recognized as an important source of prorenin/renin, and it also expresses (pro)renin receptor (PRR). The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that prorenin or renin via PRR regulates epithelial Na+channel (ENaC) activity in mpkCCD cells. Transepithelial Na+transport was measured by using a conventional epithelial volt-ohmmeter and was expressed as the calculated equivalent current ( Ieq). Amiloride-inhibitable Ieqwas used as a reflection of ENaC activity. Administration of prorenin in the nanomolar range induced a significant increase in Ieqthat was detectable as early as 1 min, peaked at 5 min, and gradually returned to baseline within 15 min. These changes in Ieqwere completely prevented by a newly developed PRR decoy inhibitor, PRO20. Prorenin-induced Ieqwas inhibitable by amiloride. Compared with prorenin, renin was less effective in stimulating Ieq. Prorenin-induced Ieqwas attenuated by apocynin but enhanced by tempol, the latter effect being prevented by catalase. In response to prorenin treatment, the levels of total reactive oxygen species and H2O2were both increased, as detected by spin-trap analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Glo H2O2assay, respectively. Both siRNA-mediated Nox4 knockdown and the dual Nox1/4 inhibitor GKT137892 attenuated prorenin-induced Ieq. Overall, our results demonstrate that activation of PRR by prorenin stimulates ENaC activity in CD cells via Nox4-derived H2O2.
Any value of podocyte B7-1 as a biomarker in human MCD and FSGS?
Authors: Novelli Rubina , Gagliardini Elena , Ruggiero Barbara , Benigni Ariela , Remuzzi Giuseppe
Published: December 2015

Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in children and in young adults. Relapsing MCD carries the risk of severe complications and prolonged immunosuppression, whereas FSGS remains largely untreatable and urgently needs more effective treatments. Recently, induction of B7-1 (CD80), an immune-related protein expressed by antigen-presenting cells, was observed in podocytes of MCD and FSGS patients, suggesting that B7-1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, and hence that abatacept, a B7-1 inhibitor, could be a possible treatment. Since previous studies raised serious concerns regarding the reliability of immunohistochemical assays for B7-1 detection and the efficacy of B7-1 inhibitory treatment, we investigated B7-1 podocyte expression in MCD and FSGS patients. Using different primary antibodies and immunohistochemical assays, no significant upregulation of podocyte B7-1 was detected in patients' biopsies compared with controls. To further confirm our findings, we analyzed mice with adriamycin-induced nephropathy, a model of human FSGS, and mice injected with LPS as additional control. Podocyte B7-1 was not observed in mice injected with adriamycin or LPS either. In conclusion, since B7-1 is not induced in podocyte of MCD and FSGS patients, the antiproteinuric action of abatacept, if confirmed, may not be the result of an effect on podocyte B7-1.
Endogenous 24S-hydroxycholesterol modulates NMDAR-mediated function in hippocampal slices
Authors: Sun Min-Yu , Izumi Yukitoshi , Benz Ann , Zorumski Charles F. , Mennerick Steven
Published: December 2015

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), a major subtype of glutamate receptors mediating excitatory transmission throughout the central nervous system (CNS), play critical roles in governing brain function and cognition. Because NMDAR dysfunction contributes to the etiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders including stroke and schizophrenia, NMDAR modulators are potential drug candidates. Our group recently demonstrated that the major brain cholesterol metabolite, 24 S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-HC), positively modulates NMDARs when exogenously administered. Here, we studied whether endogenous 24S-HC regulates NMDAR activity in hippocampal slices. In CYP46A1−/−(knockout; KO) slices where endogenous 24S-HC is greatly reduced, NMDAR tone, measured as NMDAR-to-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) ratio, was reduced. This difference translated into more NMDAR-driven spiking in wild-type (WT) slices compared with KO slices. Application of SGE-301, a 24S-HC analog, had comparable potentiating effects on NMDAR EPSCs in both WT and KO slices, suggesting that endogenous 24S-HC does not saturate its NMDAR modulatory site in ex vivo slices. KO slices did not differ from WT slices in either spontaneous neurotransmission or in neuronal intrinsic excitability, and exhibited LTP indistinguishable from WT slices. However, KO slices exhibited higher resistance to persistent NMDAR-dependent depression of synaptic transmission induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an effect restored by SGE-301. Together, our results suggest that loss of positive NMDAR tone does not elicit compensatory changes in excitability or transmission, but it protects transmission against NMDAR-mediated dysfunction. We expect that manipulating this endogenous NMDAR modulator may offer new treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
Interneurons contribute to the hemodynamic/metabolic response to epileptiform discharges
Authors: Saillet Sandrine , Quilichini Pascale P. , Ghestem Antoine , Giusiano Bernard , Ivanov Anton I. , Hitziger Sebastian , Vanzetta Ivo , Bernard Christophe , Bénar Christian-G.
Published: December 2015

Interpretation of hemodynamic responses in epilepsy is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the underlying neurovascular coupling, especially the contributions of excitation and inhibition. We made simultaneous multimodal recordings of local field potentials (LFPs), firing of individual neurons, blood flow, and oxygen level in the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats. Epileptiform discharges induced by bicuculline injections were used to trigger large local events. LFP and blood flow were robustly coupled, as were LFP and tissue oxygen. In a parametric linear model, LFP and the baseline activities of cerebral blood flow and tissue partial oxygen tension contributed significantly to blood flow and oxygen responses. In an analysis of recordings from 402 neurons, blood flow/tissue oxygen correlated with the discharge of putative interneurons but not of principal cells. Our results show that interneuron activity is important in the vascular and metabolic responses during epileptiform discharges.
Mental Health Services in Rural China: A Qualitative Study of Primary Health Care Providers
Authors: Ma Zhenyu , Huang Hui , Chen Qiang , Chen Faqin , Abdullah Abu S. , Nie Guanghui , Feng Qiming , Wei Bo
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to understand the challenges that primary health care providers faced in the process of delivering mental healthcare and assess their attitudes towards patients with mental health problems. In-depth interviews were conducted among 42 primary health care providers in two counties of Guangxi province, China. All interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed thematically. Primary health care providers in both counties faced the same difficulties: lack of professional knowledge, fear of patients’ attack, more extra work, and less subsidies. However, most of primary health care providers (30/42) were still willing to do mental healthcare management. All the interviewees considered that communication skills with patients and their family members, proper attitude (without discrimination), and the professional knowledge of mental health are required. There are still several participants (15/42) who showed negative attitude toward mental disorders. Nearly all the respondents (39/42) emphasized the importance of increasing their income or subsidies by the government. This qualitative study provides insights into mental health services in rural communities of Guangxi and identified issues that could be considered in engaging primary health care providers in the management of mental disorders.
Immediate Radical Cystectomy for Massive Bleeding of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Cochetti Giovanni , Barillaro Francesco , Boni Andrea , Mearini Ettore
Published: December 2015

Objective.To investigate feasibility and safety of our surgical strategy and clinical and oncological efficacy.Materials and Methods.In a high volume tertiary institution 225 radical cystectomies were performed from January 2012 to December 2014. We prospectively collected data of a cohort of 12 patients who underwent immediate open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer causing massive haematuria, acute anemia, and impossibility of postponing surgery. A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate operative data, intra- and postoperative complications, and oncologic outcomes. The Clavien-Dindo Classification was used to grade complications. The oncologic outcome was evaluated in terms of positive overall and soft tissue surgical margins and cancer specific survival at a median follow-up of 26 months.Results.Mean preoperative haemoglobin was 6.8 mg/dL. Mean operative time was 278 minutes. Mean blood loss was 633 mL. The overall transfusion rate was 100% with a mean of 3.6 blood units per patient before surgery and 1.8 units postoperatively. No intraoperative complications occurred. Major complications (defined as grades III, IV, and V according to Clavien-Dindo Classification) were 18,5%. In fact grade III complications were 14.8% and grade IV complications were 3.7%. Grade V did not occur. The positive surgical margin rate was 33.3% and cancer specific survival was 58,3% at median follow-up of 26 months.Conclusions.Immediate surgical management seems feasible, safe, and efficacious.
Primary Congenital Glaucoma with Delayed Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage following Combined Trabeculotomy Trabeculectomy and 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Duke Roseline , Ikpeme Anthonia
Published: December 2015

Background. Delayed postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage (DSCH) may occur following intraocular surgery for the treatment of glaucoma. It is considered to be a rare and debilitating event if not managed appropriately. Reported herewith is a case of Primary Congenital Glaucoma followed by DSCH with successful immediate surgical intervention and visual restoration.Patient and Method. An 8-month-old male child had bilateral Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG). Combined Trabeculotomy Trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) was performed. He developed delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage (DSCH) within 24 hours after intraocular surgery which was drained. In addition, he developed exposure keratopathy and left amblyopia.Outcome. Resolution of the DSCH was seen with surgical drainage in addition to treatments for exposure keratopathy and amblyopia. These resulted in reduced intraocular pressure and improved visual acuities.Conclusion. There appears to be a difference in the overall management of PCG and DSCH between adults and children. A high index of suspicion as well as emergency surgical treatment for DSCH and associated conditions should be performed on pediatric patients that present with these challenges.
A Fixed Point Theorem for Monotone Maps and Its Applications to Nonlinear Matrix Equations
Authors: Gao Dongjie
Published: December 2015

By using the fixed point theorem for monotone maps in a normal cone, we prove a uniqueness theorem for the positive definite solution of the matrix equationX=Q+A⁎f(X)A, wherefis a monotone map on the set of positive definite matrices. Then we apply the uniqueness theorem to a special equationX=kQ+A⁎(X^-C)qAand prove that the equation has a unique positive definite solution whenQ^≥Candk>1and0<q<1. For this equation the basic fixed point iteration is discussed. Numerical examples show that the iterative method is feasible and effective.
Clinical Management of Malignant Glaucoma
Authors: Foreman-Larkin Julie , Netland Peter A. , Salim Sarwat
Published: December 2015

Malignant glaucoma remains one of the most challenging complications of ocular surgery. Although it has been reported to occur spontaneously or after any ophthalmic procedure, it is most commonly encountered after glaucoma surgery in eyes with prior chronic angle closure. The clinical diagnosis is made in the setting of a patent peripheral iridotomy and axial flattening of the anterior chamber. Intraocular pressure is usually elevated, but it may be normal in some cases. Although the exact etiology of this condition is not fully understood, several mechanisms have been proposed and it is thought to result from posterior misdirection of aqueous humor into or behind the vitreous. This review discusses pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, imaging modalities, and current treatment strategies for this rare form of secondary glaucoma.
Energy‐Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Robinson Y. Harold , Rajaram M.
Published: December 2015

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous mobile nodes forming an ad hoc network without fixed infrastructure. Dynamic topology property of MANET may degrade the performance of the network. However, multipath selection is a great challenging task to improve the network lifetime. We proposed an energy‐aware multipath routing scheme based on particle swarm optimization (EMPSO) that uses continuous time recurrent neural network (CTRNN) to solve optimization problems. CTRNN finds the optimal loop‐free paths to solve link disjoint paths in a MANET. The CTRNN is used as an optimum path selection technique that produces a set of optimal paths between source and destination. In CTRNN, particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is primly used for training the RNN. The proposed scheme uses the reliability measures such as transmission cost, energy factor, and the optimal traffic ratio between source and destination to increase routing performance. In this scheme, optimal loop‐free paths can be found using PSO to seek better link quality nodes in route discovery phase. PSO optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to get a better solution with regard to a measure of quality. The proposed scheme discovers multiple loop‐free paths by using PSO technique.
Thermal Analysis of NR Composite with MWCNTs Aligned in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Xu Jin , He Yan
Published: December 2015

We got the aligned carbon tube in the rubber matrix through magnetic field. TEM shows that Fe3O4is symmetrically coated on the outer surface of MWCNTs. Diffraction peaks corresponding to Fe3O4cubic crystal also appeared in the X-ray diffraction spectra. Thermal conductivity of composites increases by filling the appropriate content of carbon tube. If the magnetic field is larger and the direction time is longer, a greater thermal conductivity of composites can be obtained.
Using Hybrid Model to Evaluate Performance of Innovation and Technology Professionals in Marine Logistics Industry
Authors: Qu Qunzhen , Chen Kuan-Yu , Wei Yu-Min , Liu Yanjun , Tsai Sang-Bing , Dong Weiwei
Published: December 2015

With the development of marine logistics industry to grow, the government and corporate more and more attach importance to the performance evaluation of innovation and technology professionals. Combine the characteristics of marine logistics industry and innovative technology professionals to design a performance evaluation index of marine logistics industry in innovation and technology professionals, with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the weights of the various performance indicatorsf and through the establishment of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to make the problems of complex performance evaluation quantification and then come to their performance evaluation results, and provide reference methods and recommendations for innovation and technology professionals in performance evaluation theory and practice of marine logistics industry.
Separation and Analysis of Boron Isotope in High Plant by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xu Qingcai , Dong Yuliang , Zhu Huayu , Sun Aide
Published: December 2015

Knowledge of boron and its isotope in plants is useful to better understand the transposition and translocation of boron within plant, the geochemical behavior in the interface between soil and plant, and the biogeochemical cycle of boron. It is critical to develop a useful method to separate boron from the plant for the geochemical application of boron and its isotope. A method was developed for the extraction of boron in plant sample, whose isotope was determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The results indicated that this method of dry ashing coupled with two-step ion-exchange chromatography is powerful for the separation of boron in plant sample with large amounts of organic matters completely. The ratios of boron isotope composition in those plant tissue samples ranged from-19.45‰to+28.13‰(total range:47.58‰) with a mean value of2.61±11.76‰SD. The stem and root isotopic compositions were lower than those in flower and leaf. The molecular mechanism of boron isotope may be responsible for the observed variation of boron isotopic composition and are considered as a useful tool for the better understanding of boron cycling process in the environment and for the signature of living systems.
Isolated Ocular Manifestation of Relapsed Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Presenting as Myeloid Blast Crisis in a Patient on Imatinib Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gulati Rohit , Alkhatib Yaser , Donthireddy Vijayalakshmi , Felicella Michelle Madden , Menon Madhu P. , Inamdar Kedar V.
Published: December 2015

Blast phase in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has rarely been reported to involve extramedullary sites like skin, lymph nodes, and central nervous system. Clinical history, characteristic hematologic findings (elevated leukocyte counts, myelocytic predominance, and basophilia), and Philadelphia chromosome are of high diagnostic significance especially in isolated extramedullary presentations. We describe a unique case of CML relapse with blast phase involving the eye. A 66-year-old man with a known diagnosis of CML on imatinib and in molecular remission for 3 years presented with a painful blind eye. Histologic examination revealed diffuse involvement of choroid, iris, vitreous humor, and the optic nerve by blast cells. The blasts expressed CD34, aberrant TdT, and a myeloid phenotype (CD13, CD33, and CD117). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of vitreous fluid detectedBCR-ABL1gene rearrangement. Additionally, trisomy 8 and gains of 9 and 22 were seen which were not present in the initial diagnostic marrow study 3 years ago. At relapse, the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and the cerebrospinal fluid were not involved by CML. Patient received induction chemotherapy and single dose prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate and was maintained on antityrosine kinase therapy and eventually underwent allogenic stem cell transplantation.
The Impact of CdS Nanoparticles on Ploidy and DNA Damage of Rucola (Eruca sativa Mill.) Plants
Authors: Kokina Inese , Jahundoviča Inese , Mickeviča Ilona , Sledevskis Eriks , Ogurcovs Andrejs , Polyakov Boris , Jermaļonoka Marija , Strautiņš Jānis , Gerbreders Vjaceslavs
Published: December 2015

The genotoxic effect of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) of different sizes in rucola (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants was assessed. It was confirmed that nanoparticles < 5 nm in size were more toxic than larger particles at an identical mass concentration. Significant differences in cell ploidy, as well as in the mitotic index, were detected between control and treated samples. Differences in the DNA banding pattern between control samples and samples after treatment with cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were significant and detected at different places as the appearance or elimination of DNA fragments. Fluorescence images showed that cadmium sulfide nanoparticles smaller than 5 nm in size can diffuse through the membrane and their presence affects the genetic system of the plant.
Clinical Use of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells‐Harmonization Approach in European Collaborative Effort
Authors: Ten Brinke Anja , Hilkens Catharien M. U. , Cools Nathalie , Geissler Edward K. , Hutchinson James A. , Lombardi Giovanna , Lord Phillip , Sawitzki Birgit , Trzonkowski Piotr , Van Ham S. Marieke , Martinez-Caceres Eva M.
Published: December 2015

The number of patients with autoimmune diseases and severe allergies and recipients of transplants increases worldwide. Currently, these patients require lifelong administration of immunomodulatory drugs. Often, these drugs are expensive and show immediate or late‐occurring severe side effects. Treatment would be greatly improved by targeting the cause of autoimmunity, that is, loss of tolerance to self‐antigens. Accumulating knowledge on immune mechanisms has led to the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC), with the specific objective to restrain unwanted immune reactions in the long term. The first clinical trials with tolDC have recently been conducted and more tolDC trials are underway. Although the safety trials have been encouraging, many questions relating to tolDC, for example, cell‐manufacturing protocols, administration route, amount and frequency, or mechanism of action, remain to be answered. Aiming to join efforts in translating tolDC and other tolerogenic cellular products (e.g., Tregs and macrophages) to the clinic, a European COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) network has been initiated—A FACTT (action to focus and accelerate cell‐based tolerance‐inducing therapies). A FACTT aims to minimize overlap and maximize comparison of tolDC approaches through establishment of minimum information models and consensus monitoring parameters, ensuring that progress will be in an efficient, safe, and cost‐effective way.
Existence and Permanence in a Diffusive KiSS Model with Robust Numerical Simulations
Authors: Owolabi Kolade M. , Patidar Kailash C.
Published: December 2015

We have given an extension to the study of Kierstead, Slobodkin, and Skellam (KiSS) model. We present the theoretical results based on the survival and permanence of the species. To guarantee the long-term existence and permanence, the patch size denoted asLmust be greater than the critical patch sizeLc. It was also observed that the reaction-diffusion problem can be split into two parts: the linear and nonlinear terms. Hence, the use of two classical methods in space and time is permitted. We use spectral method in the area of mathematical community to remove the stiffness associated with the linear or diffusive terms. The resulting system is advanced with a modified exponential time-differencing method whose formulation was based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. With high-order method, this extends the one-dimensional work and presents experiments for two-dimensional problem. The complexity of the dynamical model is discussed theoretically and graphically simulated to demonstrate and compare the behavior of the time-dependent density function.
Smad2/3 Upregulates the Expression of Vimentin and Affects Its Distribution in DBP-Exposed Sertoli Cells
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Xiaogang , Liu Taixiu , Mo Min , Ao Lin , Liu Jinyi , Cao Jia , Cui Zhihong
Published: December 2015

Sertoli cells (SCs) in the testes provide physical and nutritional support to germ cells. The vimentin cytoskeleton in SCs is disrupted by dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which leads to SCs dysfunction. In a previous study, we found that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) influenced the distribution of vimentin by affecting its phosphorylation in DBP-exposed SCs. In the present study, we investigated the role of Smad2/3 in regulating the expression of vimentin in DBP-exposed SCs. We hypothesized that Smad2/3 affects the distribution of vimentin by regulating its expression and that there is cross talk between Smad2/3 and PPARα. The real-time PCR and ChIP-qPCR results showed that SB431542 (an inhibitor of Smad2/3) could significantly attenuate the expression of vimentin induced by DBP in SCs. Phosphorylated and soluble vimentin were both downregulated by SB431542 pretreatment. WY14643 (an agonist of PPARα) pretreatment stimulated, while GW6471 (an antagonist of PPARα) inhibited, the activity of Smad2/3; SB431542 pretreatment also inhibited the activity of PPARα, but it did not rescue the DBP-induced collapse in vimentin. Our results suggest that, in addition to promoting the phosphorylation of vimentin, DBP also stimulates the expression of vimentin by activating Smad2/3 in SCs and thereby induces irregular vimentin distribution.
Diversity and Dynamics of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Two Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in the Fes-Boulemane Region of Northern Morocco
Authors: Talbi Fatima Zahra , Faraj Chafika , EL-Akhal Fouad , El Khayyat Fatiha , Chenfour Driss , Janati Idrissi Abdellatif , El Ouali Lalami Abdelhakim
Published: December 2015

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease caused by various species ofLeishmaniaand transmitted by several species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). In order to evaluate the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Fes-Boulemane, an investigation was carried out in two localities, Aichoun and Bouasseme, during 2011. From January to December, 1120 specimens were collected in Aichoun comprising six species belonging to two genera:Phlebotomus sergenti(76.07%),Phlebotomus longicuspis(9.01%),Phlebotomus perniciosus(8.48%),Phlebotomus papatasi(4.82%),Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax. For Bouasseme, seven species were identified withPhlebotomus sergenti(60.39%) dominating, followed byPhlebotomus perniciosus(20%) andPhlebotomus longicuspis(12.15%). The remaining species,Phlebotomus papatasi,Phlebotomus ariasi,Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax,were less prevalent. The activity of sand flies in both localities is marked by the dominance ofPh. sergentiwith two peaks occurring in June and September. In order to obtain a better understanding of sand fly diversity among their species, results were analyzed by the ecological indices determinant: specific richness, the relative abundance, and Shannon-Weiner index (H′). Further studies of sand fly diversity should employ statistical tests and molecular analyses. This study can be useful in the implementation of appropriate future control measures.
A Posteriori Error Estimate for Finite Volume Element Method of the Second-Order Hyperbolic Equations
Authors: Chen Chuanjun , Zhao Xin , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: December 2015

We establish a posteriori error estimate for finite volume element method of a second-order hyperbolic equation. Residual-type a posteriori error estimator is derived. The computable upper and lower bounds on the error in theH1-norm are established. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimator.
Ectopic Pregnancy in Uncommon Implantation Sites: Intramural Pregnancy and Rudimentary Horn Pregnancy
Authors: Wang Yi , Yu Fan , Zeng Li-Qin
Published: December 2015

Ectopic pregnancy is commonly located in the fallopian tube. Nevertheless, two unusual types of ectopic pregnancy, intramural pregnancy and rudimentary horn pregnancy, seriously threaten maternal life. The diagnosis and treatment of these unusual implantation sites present a clinical challenge. In this study, we illustrated the two unusual types of ectopic pregnancy and summarized the current data regarding diagnosis and optimal treatment from our experience.
An Exploration of the Scientific Writing Experience of Nonnative English-Speaking Doctoral Supervisors and Students Using a Phenomenographic Approach
Authors: Dean Elizabeth , Nordgren Lena , Söderlund Anne
Published: December 2015

Nonnative English-speaking scholars and trainees are increasingly submitting their work to English journals. The study’s aim was to describe their experiences regarding scientific writing in English using a qualitative phenomenographic approach. Two focus groups (5 doctoral supervisors and 13 students) were conducted. Participants were nonnative English-speakers in a Swedish health sciences faculty. Group discussion focused on scientific writing in English, specifically, rewards, challenges, facilitators, and barriers. Participants were asked about their needs for related educational supports. Inductive phenomenographic analysis included extraction of referential (phenomenon as a whole) and structural (phenomenon parts) aspects of the transcription data. Doctoral supervisors and students viewed English scientific writing as challenging but worthwhile. Both groups viewed mastering English scientific writing as necessary but each struggles with the process differently. Supervisors viewed it as a long-term professional responsibility (generating knowledge, networking, and promotion eligibility). Alternatively, doctoral students viewed its importance in the short term (learning publication skills). Both groups acknowledged they would benefit from personalized feedback on writing style/format, but in distinct ways. Nonnative English-speaking doctoral supervisors and students in Sweden may benefit from on-going writing educational supports. Editors/reviewers need to increase awareness of the challenges of international contributors and maximize the formative constructiveness of their reviews.
Prediction of Conducted Emissions in Satellite Power Buses
Authors: Spadacini Giordano , Grassi Flavia , Bellan Diego , Pignari Sergio A. , Marliani Filippo
Published: December 2015

This work reports a modeling methodology for the prediction of conducted emissions (CE) in a wide frequency range (up to 100 MHz), which are generated by dc/dc converters and propagate along the power buses of satellites. In particular, the dc/dc converter seen as a source of CE is represented by a behavioral model, whose parameters can be identified by two unit-level experimental procedures performed in controlled test setups. A simplified multiconductor transmission-line (MTL) model is developed to account for the propagation of CE in shielded bundles of twisted-wire pairs used as power cables. The whole power system is represented by the interconnection of the circuit models of dc/dc converters, cables, and Power Conditioning and Distribution Unit (PCDU). By solving the obtained network, frequency spectra of CE can be predicted. Experimental results are reported to substantiate the accuracy of the proposed unit-level dc/dc converter model and the MTL model of cables. Finally, a system-level test setup composed of three dc/dc converters connected to a PCDU is considered, and predicted CE are compared versus experimental measurements.
Kinesio Taping Does Not Alter Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength and Power in Healthy Nonathletic Men: A Prospective Crossover Study
Authors: Korman Paweł , Straburzyńska-Lupa Anna , Rutkowski Radosław , Gruszczyński Jakub , Lewandowski Jacek , Straburzyński-Lupa Marcin , Łochyński Dawid
Published: December 2015

Objectives. The effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on muscular performance remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of KT on the maximum concentric and eccentric quadriceps isokinetic strength.Study Design. This is a single-blinded, placebo crossover, repeated measures study.Methods. Maximum isokinetic concentric/eccentric extension torque, work, and power were assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer without taping (NT) and with KT or placebo taping (PT) in 17 healthy young men. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analyses.Results. Testing concentric contractions at 60°/s or 180°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in peak torque (Nm), total work (J), or mean power (W) were noted among the application modes under different conditions. Testing eccentric contractions at 30°/s or 60°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in mentioned parameters were noted, respectively. KT on the quadriceps neither decreased nor increased muscle strength in the participants.Conclusion. KT application onto the skin overlying the quadriceps muscle does not enhance the strength or power of knee extensors in healthy men.
Correlation of Clinicohaematological Parameters in Paediatric Dengue: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pai Jakribettu Ramakrishna , Boloor Rekha , Thaliath Andrew , Yesudasan George Sharanya , George Thomas , Ponadka Rai Manoj , Rafique Sheikh Umran , Avabratha Kadke Shreedhara , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: December 2015

Dengue is one of the arthropod-borne (arbo) viral diseases transmitted by female mosquitoAedes aegypti. Dengue fever has a wide spectrum of clinical presentation ranging from flu-like illness to severe complicated stage of dengue hemorrhagic fever leading to mortality. This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Coastal Karnataka, South India, to know the correlation between the clinical presentation and haematological parameters in the paediatric cases presented with dengue symptoms. A total of 163 paediatric cases who presented fever and dengue-like illness were included in the study. Of which, 69 were confirmed dengue patients. Critical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the haematological parameters like total leucocyte count, percent differential leucocyte count, and platelets count, in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.05to 0.0001). Additionally, when compared to nondengue patients, even the liver function and renal function parameters were significantly deranged (P<0.05to 0.0001). Stratification based on NS1, IgG, and IgM showed significant alterations in the haematological, hepatic, and renal parameters. With respect to the treatment a small percentage of patients, that is, 8% (4 patients), required platelet transfusion as their counts went below 20,000/μL. Two patients succumbed to their illness while three required ICU stay.
Serial Patterns of Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers in a Prediagnosis Longitudinal Dataset
Authors: Blyuss Oleg , Gentry-Maharaj Alex , Fourkala Evangelia-Orania , Ryan Andy , Zaikin Alexey , Menon Usha , Jacobs Ian , Timms John F.
Published: December 2015

Early detection of ovarian cancer through screening may have impact on mortality from the disease. Approaches based on CA125 cut-off have not been effective. Longitudinal algorithms such as the Risk of Ovarian Cancer Algorithm (ROCA) to interpret CA125 have been shown to have higher sensitivity and specificity than a single cut-off. The aim of this study was to investigate whether other ovarian cancer-related biomarkers, Human Epididymis 4 (HE4), glycodelin, mesothelin, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), could improve the performance of CA125 in detecting ovarian cancer earlier. Serum samples (single and serial) predating diagnosis from 47 women taking part in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) who went on to develop primary invasive ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer (index cancer) (170 samples) and 179 matched controls (893 samples) were included in the study. A multiplex immunobased assay platform (Becton Dickinson) allowing simultaneous measurement of the six serum markers was used. The area under the ROC curve for the panel of three biomarkers (CA125, HE4, and glycodelin) was higher than for CA125 alone for all analysed time groups, indicating that these markers can improve on sensitivity of CA125 alone for ovarian cancer detection.
Significant Association ofHLA-BAlleles and Genotypes in Thai Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Puangpetch Apichaya , Suwannarat Pongwut , Chamnanphol Montri , Koomdee Napatrupron , Ngamsamut Nattawat , Limsila Penkhae , Sukasem Chonlaphat
Published: December 2015

Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Many susceptible causative genes have been identified. Most of the previous reports showed the relationship between the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene and etiology of autism. In order to identifyHLA-Balleles associated with autism in Thai population, we compared the frequency ofHLA-Ballele in 364 autistic subjects with 952 normal subjects by using a two-stage sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe system (PCR-SSOP) method based on flow-cytometry technology.HLA-B⁎13:02(P=0.019, OR = 2.229),HLA-B⁎38:02(P=0.049, OR = 1.628),HLA-B⁎44:03(P=0.016, OR = 1.645), andHLA-B⁎56:01(P= 1.78 × 10−4, OR = 4.927) alleles were significantly increased in autistic subjects compared with normal subjects. Moreover, we found that theHLA-B⁎18:02(P=0.016, OR = 0.375) andHLA-B⁎46:12(P=0.008, OR = 0.147) alleles were negatively associated with autism when compared to normal controls. Both alleles might have a protective role in disease development. In addition, fourHLA-Bgenotypes of autistic patients had statistically significant relationship with control groups, consisting ofHLA-B⁎3905/⁎5801(P=0.032, OR = 24.697),HLA-B⁎2704/⁎5801(P=0.022, OR = 6.872),HLA-B⁎3501/⁎4403(P=0.021, OR = 30.269), andHLA-B⁎1801/⁎4402(P = 0.017, OR = 13.757). This is the first report onHLA-Bassociated with Thai autism and may serve as a marker for genetic susceptibility to autism in Thai population.
Evaluation of Animal Dungs and Organomineral Fertilizer for the Control ofMeloidogyne incognitaon Sweet Potato
Authors: Osunlola Oluremi Solomon , Fawole Bamidele
Published: December 2015

Root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita, is an important animate pathogen causing major damage and severe reductions in the growth, yield, and quality of sweet potato. Nematicides are expensive and their application also causes environmental pollution. A field experiment was therefore conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of poultry dung (10 or 20 t/ha), cow dung (10 or 20 t/ha), horse dung (10 or 20 t/ha), goat dung (10 or 20 t/ha), organomineral fertilizer (2 or 4 t/ha), and carbofuran (3 kg a.i/ha) in the management ofM. incognitaon sweet potato using a randomized complete block design. The unamended plots served as control. Data were analysed using ANOVA (p≤0.05). All organic materials and carbofuran significantly (p≤0.05) reduced nematode reproduction and root damage compared with control. Poultry dung (10 and 20 t/ha) and carbofuran were, however, more efficient in nematode control than other organic materials. Sweet potato plants that were grown on soil treated with organomineral fertilizer had the highest mean number of vines and fresh shoot weight, while poultry dung improved sweet potato quality and yield. It is therefore recommended that the use of poultry dung be employed in combination with other nematode control strategies to achieve sustainable, economic, and environment-friendly nematode management.
Lack of Correlation between Ammonium Accumulation and Survival of Transgenic Birch Plants with Pine Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase Gene after “Basta” Herbicide Treatment
Authors: Lebedev Vadim , Faskhiev Vyacheslav , Shestibratov Konstantin
Published: December 2015

Transformation of plants with genes encoding a glutamine synthetase (GS), a key nitrogen metabolism enzyme, is usually used to increase productivity. However, overexpression of these genes may increase resistance to phosphinothricin (PPT) that irreversibly inhibits GS causing ammonium accumulation in plant tissues. Transgenic plants of two birch (Betula pubescens) genotypes expressing a pine cytosolic GS gene were used for studying the PPT effect on trees. Two control and 8 transgenic lines were treated with herbicide “Basta” at dose equivalent to 2.5 and 5 Lha−1. Necrosis and abscission of leaves occurred irrespective of a transgenic status or the treatment dose. Ammonium content in leaf tissue in 3 days after the 5 Lha−1 treatment was substantially increased in all plants, 3.2–16.0 times depending on line. After the 2.5 Lha−1 treatment, ammonium content in three transgenic lines was not different from that in control variant sprayed with water. The herbicide treatment caused more prominent desiccation in the bp3f1 genotype nontransgenic plants as compared to transgenic plants, but not in the bp4a genotype. Lack of correlation between ammonium levels and survival of transgenic plants suggests that ammonium toxicity is not a main reason for the birch plant death after the PPT treatment.
Epidemiological Observations on Cryptosporidiosis in Diarrheic Goat Kids in Greece
Authors: Giadinis Nektarios D. , Papadopoulos Elias , Lafi Shawkat Q. , Papanikolopoulou Vasiliki , Karanikola Sofia , Diakou Anastasia , Vergidis Vergos , Xiao Lihua , Ioannidou Evi , Karatzias Harilaos
Published: December 2015

This study aimed at investigating the occurrence ofCryptosporidiumspp. in diarrheic goat kids in Greece and the risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis. Altogether, 292 diarrheic 4–15-day-old goat kids from 54 dairy goat herds of Northern Greece were examined. Oocysts ofCryptosporidiumspp. were detected in 223 of 292 (76.4%) goat kids and the intensity of infection was scored as “high” in 142 samples, “moderate” in 45 samples, and “low” in 36 samples. Larger herds (>200 animals) had higher infection rates than smaller ones, although this difference was not statistically significant. Significantly higher infection rates were observed in herds during late kidding season (1 January to 30 April) compared to the early one (1 September to 31 December). These results suggest that cryptosporidiosis is very common in diarrheic goat kids in Greece, especially in large herds during the late parturition season.
Life-Threatening Retropharyngeal Hemorrhage Secondary to Rupture of the Inferior Thyroid Artery
Authors: Calogero Cristina G. , Miller Andrew C. , Greenberg Marna Rayl
Published: December 2015

Inferior thyroid artery (ITA) rupture is rare and may progress to life-threatening conditions. We present a patient who visited the emergency department after an episode of syncope and dizziness in which he had a mechanical fall that resulted in abrasions and a hematoma to his left forehead. The patient presented with dysphagia and anterior neck swelling that progressed rapidly into airway compromise requiring endotracheal intubation. Emergent computed tomography revealed a large retropharyngeal hematoma, with active arterial extravasation that was thought to be arising from the thyrocervical trunk on the left. The hematoma measured approximately 6.7 cm transversely and 3.2 cm anteroposteriorly and extended from the level of the lower nasopharynx, down the neck into the retropharyngeal and danger space and into the mediastinum posterior to the esophagus, overall approximately 25 cm. The larynx was deviated anteriorly and there was esophageal compression. An emergent arteriogram and catheterization confirmed bleeding from branches of the ITA, and successful embolization was performed. It is important to recognize the ITA rupture as a potential etiology of an acute airway compromise. In emergent situations, while securing an airway is a priority, rapidly initiating diagnostic testing to confirm the diagnosis and arranging for arterial embolization can be life-saving.
Stability of Negative Solitary Waves for a Generalized Camassa-Holm Equation with Quartic Nonlinearity
Authors: Zheng Shan , Ouyang Zhengyong
Published: December 2015

We consider the stability of negative solitary waves to a generalized Camassa-Holm equation with quartic nonlinearity. We obtain the existence of negative solitary waves for any wave speedc>0and some of their qualitative properties and then prove that they are orbitally stable by using a method proposed by Grillakis et al.
Evaluation of Anti-MRSA and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activities of Phenolic Constituents fromPlumula nelumbinis
Authors: Ding Xiao , Ouyang Ming-An , Shen Yuan-Shuai
Published: December 2015

Isolation of metabolites fromPlumula nelumbinisled to the discovery of eleven compounds, including six flavonoids and five phenolderivatives. Their structures have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. Most of them, such as compounds1,4,6,8, and10,have shown inhibitory activity against hospital-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(HA-MRSA). MICs of compound8against SA-200195 and SA-300150 were 2 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, respectively. And the antioxidant activity of isolated compounds was determined by checking the scavenging activity against three different radicals: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical (OH∙), and superoxide anion (O2∙-), as well as xanthine oxidase inhibition. All flavonoids showed strong antioxidant activity. And compound6displayed the highest inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase with IC50value of 8.2 μg/mL.
Lutein, Zeaxanthin, andmeso-Zeaxanthin in the Clinical Management of Eye Disease
Authors: Scripsema Nicole K. , Hu Dan-Ning , Rosen Richard B.
Published: December 2015

Lutein, zeaxanthin, andmeso-zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids found within the retina and throughout the visual system. The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body. The highest concentration of xanthophylls is found within the retina, and this selective presence has generated many theories regarding their role in supporting retinal function. Subsequently, the effect of xanthophylls in the prevention and treatment of various eye diseases has been examined through epidemiological studies, animal studies, and clinical trials. This paper attempts to review the epidemiological studies and clinical trials investigating the effects of xanthophylls on the incidence and progression of various eye diseases. Observational studies have reported that increased dietary intake and higher serum levels of lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), especially late AMD. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that xanthophyll supplementation increases macular pigment levels, improves visual function, and decreases the risk of progression to late AMD, especially neovascular AMD. Current publications on the preventive and therapeutic effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity have reported encouraging results.