bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Partition Dependence on Assessing Accounting Estimates
Authors: Wolfe Christopher J. , Fitzgerald Brian C. , Newton Nathan J.
Published: January 2017

When auditors evaluate accounting estimates by testing management's estimation process, both current and proposed guidance call on auditors to review management's consideration of alternative assumptions and outcomes. Using partition dependence theory, a psychological bias that occurs when decision makers review a set of potential outcomes, we hypothesize that management's presentation of alternative estimate outcomes can bias auditors toward a management-preferred estimate. We demonstrate this result in a case-based experiment using senior auditor participants. We also perform two follow-up experiments, using student participants, to rule out competing rationales for our findings. In a final supplemental experiment, we test partition dependence predictions in a risk assessment setting and find results consistent with partition dependence. Our results have audit quality implications and, therefore, should be of interest to both regulators and audit firms.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42.
Proximal Contact Repair of Complex Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Zguri MN , Casey JA , Jessup JP , Vandewalle KS
Published: January 2017

The carving of a complex amalgam restoration may occasionally result in light proximal contact with the adjacent tooth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the strength of complex amalgam restorations repaired with a proximal slot amalgam preparation. Extracted human third molars of similar coronal size were sectioned 1 mm apical to the height of the contour using a saw and were randomly distributed into 9 groups of 10 teeth each. One pin was placed at each line angle of the flattened dentinal tooth surface. A metal matrix band was placed and an admixed alloy was condensed and carved to create a full crown contour but with a flat occlusal surface. A proximal slot was prepared with or without a retention groove and repaired using a single-composition spherical amalgam 15 minutes, 24 hours, one week, or six months after the initial crown condensation. The specimens were stored for 24 hours in 37°C water before fracture at the marginal ridge using a round-ended blade in a universal testing machine. The control group was not repaired. The mean maximum force in newtons and standard deviation were determined per group. Data were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance as well as Tukey and Dunnett tests (α=0.05). Significant differences were found between groups based on type of slot preparation (p=0.017) but not on time (p=0.327), with no significant interaction (p=0.152). No significant difference in the strength of the marginal ridge was found between any repair group and the unrepaired control group (p>0.076). The proximal repair strength of a complex amalgam restoration was not significantly different from an unrepaired amalgam crown. Placing a retention groove in the proximal slot preparation resulted in significantly greater fracture strength than a slot with no retention grooves. Time of repair had no significant effect on the strength of the repair.
Novel real-time PCR-based patho- and phylotyping of potentially zoonotic avian influenza A subtype H5 viruses at risk of incursion into Europe in 2017
Authors: Naguib Mahmoud M , Graaf Annika , Fortin Andrea , Luttermann Christine , Wernery Ulrich , Amarin Nadim , Hussein Hussein A , Sultan Hesham , Al Adhadh Basem , Hassan Mohamed K , Beer Martin , Monne Isabella , Harder Timm C
Published: January 2017

Since November 2016, Europe witnesses another wave of incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses of the Asian origin goose/Guangdong (gs/GD) lineage. Infections with H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b affect wild bird and poultry populations. H5 viruses of clades 2.2, 2.3.1.2c and 2.3.4.4a were detected previously in Europe in 2006, 2010 and 2014. Clades 2.2.1.2 and 2.3.2.1.c are endemic in Egypt and Western Africa, respectively and have caused human fatalities. Evidence exists of their co-circulation in the Middle East. Subtype H5 viruses of low pathogenicity (LPAI) are endemic in migratory wild bird populations. They potentially mutate into highly pathogenic phenotypes following transmission into poultry holdings. However, to date only the gs/GD H5 lineage had an impact on human health. Rapid and specific diagnosis marks the cornerstone for control and eradication of HPAI virus incursions. We present the development and validation of five real-time RT-PCR assays (RT-qPCR) that allow sequencing-independent pathotype and clade-specific distinction of major gs/GD HPAI H5 virus clades and of Eurasian LPAI viruses currently circulating. Together with an influenza A virus-generic RT-qPCR, the assays significantly speed up time-to-diagnosis and reduce reaction times in a OneHealth approach of curbing the spread of gs/GD HPAI viruses.
Diabetic: A Comparative Study
Authors: Dhungel Alok , Wassem Tariq , Upadhyay-Dhungel Kshitiz
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives: Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is particularly common medical disorder and is leading cause of morbidity worldwide. The complication of DM is due to micro or macro vascular damage. The presence of an extensive microvascular circulation and abundant connective tissue in the lungs raises the possibility that lung tissue may be a target organ in diabetic patients and thus pulmonary function test can be affected by DM. This study was designed to compare pulmonary function test between Type II diabetic and non-diabetic individuals; and, with the duration of DM.Material and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore Pakistan. Total sample consist of 91 diabetic and 91 non-diabetic grouped as group A and group B. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR were compared within two groups and with the duration of DM.Results: Total 182 sample with mean age 53.1±5.90 years, with 91(50%) male and 91(50%) female. Group A and B had 91(50%) sample each. Mean value of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR showed statistically significant difference among the both group. Mean of FVC decreases significantly with the increasing duration of DM; although, is not significant with FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR.Conclusion: Diabetic group showed significantly impaired pulmonary functions test as FEV1, FVC, and PEFR as compare to non-diabetic group.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 19-26
Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Muslim community of Janakpurdham, Nepal
Authors: Yadav Khushbu , Prakash Satyam
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives: Intestinal parasitic infection is an important public health problem in Nepal because of its high morbidity and mortality. The distribution and prevalence of the various intestinal parasites species depend on social, geographical, economical and inhabitant customs. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the burden of intestinal parasitic infections and its relation with sanitary practices and socio-demographic characteristics in Muslim community of Janakpurdham, Nepal.Material and Methods: A total of 161 stool samples were collected in dry, clean and screw capped plastic container and were preserved with 10% formalin. The stool samples were examined by direct microscopy and confirmed by concentration methods. Modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining was performed for the detection of coccidian parasites. P- value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The incidence of intestinal parasitic infection was 63.35% (male = 57.84% vs. female = 42.15%) (p = 0.321). The positive cases of parasitic infection were found to be slightly higher in less than 10 years (35.29%) than others. Hookworm (10%) and G. lamblia (28%) infection was marginally higher than other helminthic and protozoan infection. The highest number of positive cases of parasitic infection was found in those who didn’t wash their hands before meal, defecates stool haphazardly in open area, didn’t wash their hands after toilet, didn’t trim their nail, in larger family, with low income and in housewives which was found to be statistically significant (p = <0.05).Conclusion: The health status was found poor among Nepalese Muslim people. Routine periodic screening of parasitic infection among people, changing behavior, public educations on improved personal and environmental hygiene are the fundamental principle in the control of infection.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 36-45
Catheterization related urethral injury in periphery due to improper technique
Authors: Pandit Rakesh Kumar , Chaudhary Sanjay , Jha Vinay Kumar , Sah Nilam , Thakur Pawan Kumar
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives: Catheterization related urethral injury (CRUI), particularly in men, is common and produces significant morbidity. However, it seems to have gathered little interest of concerned authorities towards prevention. The objective of the study is to reveal that many CRUI are usually due to improper technique.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study carried out at Janaki Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Janakpur between May 2013 and September 2016. It included 18 male patients presenting in emergency with acute CRUI. Re-catheterization was attempted by experienced surgeons in them unless there was history suggestive of urethral stricture and the outcome was analyzed.Results: Mean age of the patients was 62.9 ± 17.7 (range: 22 - 90) years. When the consultant attended them, 8 (44.4%) patients had catheter in place with intraurethral balloon inflation (IUBI), and 10 patients had catheter removed. One patient in each group had scrotal hematoma suggesting urethral perforation. Excluding two patients with typical history suggestive of urethral stricture, manual urethral re-catheterization was attempted by surgeon in 16 patients and succeeded in 12 (75%) patients, which was remarkable. Rest of the 6 patients had suprapubic catheterization.Conclusion: Most of the CRUI results from technical fault and are potentially preventable.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4(1): 53-58
Investigation of the 600 °C isothermal section of the Fe–Al–Ce ternary system
Authors: Zheng Huiyun , Li Zhi , Ji Li , Yin Fucheng
Published: January 2017

The isothermal section of the Fe–Al–Ce system at 600 °C was determined by means of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Twenty three-phase regions were confirmed experimentally, and two three-phase regions could be deduced in this section. Five ternary compounds, i. e., τ1, τ2, τ3, τ5, and τ6, exist at 600 °C. The Fe2Ce phase contains 6.6 at.% Al in the Fe–Al–Ce system. The Fe solubility in α-Al, αAl11Ce3, αAl3Ce, Al2Ce, AlCe, and AlCe3 is approximately 1.7 at.%, 1.1 at.%, 1.2 at.%, 1.3 at.%, 5.8 at.%, and 0.1 at.%, respectively, and the solubility of Ce in α-Al, FeAl3, Fe2Al5, FeAl2, and FeAl is approximately 0.1 at.%, 1.2 at.%, 1.9 at.%, 0.9 at.%, and 3.7 at.%, respectively.
Animal Kingdoms: On Habitat Rights for Wild Animals
Authors: Cooke Steve
Published: January 2017

The greatest threat faced by wild animals often comes from the destruction of their habitats by humans. Traditional environmental-conservation paradigms often fail to prevent this destruction. This paper claims that, where access to habitat is a necessary condition of their continued existence or wellbeing, wild animals have sufficiently strong interests in their habitat to generate rights to it. The paper argues that these rights should be instantiated in the form of collective usufructuary property rights, and, in cases of serious and systematic violation of these rights, wild animals gain a remedial right of secession for their habitat.
Are There Infinite Welfare Differences among Living Things?
Authors: Nolt John
Published: January 2017

Suppose, as biocentrists do, that even microorganisms have a good of their own – that is, some objective form of welfare. Still, human welfare is vastly greater and more valuable. If it were infinitely greater, individualistic bio-centrism would be pointless. But consideration of the facts of evolutionary history and of the conceptual relations between infinity and incommensurability reveals that there are no infinite welfare differences among living things. It follows, in particular, that there is some very large number of bacteria whose aggregate overall welfare is not less than the welfare of a human being.
Relativism, Ambiguity and the Environmental Virtues
Authors: Lenzi Dominic
Published: January 2017

In response to the looming environmental crisis, many have recommended lists of environmental virtues. As a result, environmental ethics has been enriched by new virtue terms, such as ecological sensitivity or kinship with nature, and with new applications of older terms, such as benevolence or care. But how do we know which of these are genuine virtues? Although this question is important, it is difficult to answer for two reasons. First, we might think of ‘nature’ in a variety of ways, each of which presupposes ethical beliefs about the relationship between humans and the nonhuman world. Second, environmental virtue terms seem far less clear than our more familiar virtues, which calls into question both their intelligibility and usefulness as normative concepts. I respond to both problems by considering the environmental virtue of care for nature, and one plausible examplar of this quality, US nature writer and conservationist Rachel Carson. I claim that Carson's example illuminates this virtue, and that care for nature is one environmental virtue we have reason to recognise. While this account might seem vulnerable to a kind of relativism stemming from particular conceptions of nature, I claim that the threat of cultural variation need not shake our reflective confidence in recognising some ways of thinking about nature as excellent.
Sir Thomas More Chevalier Chrétien
Authors: Marc’hadour Germain
Published: January 2017

On peut suivre l’idéal de la chevalerie chrétienne en remontant depuis Érasme. Saint Bernard. les croisades, et la Reconquista jusqu’à Saint Paul, qui énuméra la panoplie du disciple, serviteur et soldat du Christ. Notre Dame, la servante parfaite de Notre Seigneur. et une nuée de saints servent aussi de modèles et d’encouragement. Cet essai puise dans l’oeuvre de More depuis sa Vie de Pic et ses ouvrages de polémique jusqu’à ses écrits de prison. culminant dans sa meditation sur la tristesse du Christ à Gethsémani. Il trouve ample matière dans la vie de More comme “le bon serviteur du roi et de Dieu premièrement.” selon ses paroles sur l’échafaud.
References and Allusions to Thomas More: 1641-1700 (Part One)
Authors: Boswell Jackson C.
Published: January 2017

The author, who has already published a book of English references and allusions to Thomas More in the period 1500-1640, continues his collection up to 1700, setting each citation in its context. He notes that English opinion regarding More in this period tended to be of a polemical nature.
Thomas More et la terreur ottomane
Authors: Marc’hadour Germain
Published: January 2017

Les huit croisades, de 1096 à 1270, visaient à obtenir des musulmans le libre accès des lieux saints qu’ils occupaient. Les incursions des Turcs dans les Balkans affectèrent peu l’Europe occidentale. Tout changea lorsque Mehmet II, sultan de la dynastie ottomane, s’empara de Constantinople, en 1453, et dès 1456 tenta de conquérir Belgrade. Ce “bastion de la chrétienté” lui tint tête, mais tomba en 1521 aux mains de Soliman le Magnifique, qui allait régner 46 ans (1520-1566), et emporter à Noël 1522 l’imprenable forteresse de Rhodes, tenue par les Chevaliers de S. Jean. Après sa victoire de Mohács (1526), Soliman emmena 100.000 Hongrois en captivité. Le principal locuteur du Dialogue of Comfort est un vieillard qui a été deux fois prisonnier en Turquie. Il prépare ses proches à tenir bon face à la persécution pour la foi. Son neveu Vincent, qui le visite dans sa chambre de Buda, redoute les apostats, plus cruels que les Turcs envers les chrétiens fidèles: c’est dire que le prisonnier More traite la Hongrie en paradigme de toutes les situations où la foi est mise à rude épreuve. Il pense à sa propre famille. A toutes les tribulations qu’il passe en revue, il propose, comme remède universel, la confiance en Dieu et dans notre “capitaine le Christ,” plus puissants que l’armée turque et que tous les diables de l’enfer. Les épreuves de notre exil ici-bas sont peu de chose en comparaison du bonheur qui nous est garanti dans la patrie du ciel.
Titanium Pnictide Oxide Superconductors
Authors: Yajima Takeshi
Published: January 2017

In 2012, a novel superconductor BaTi2Sb2O was found in the layered titanium pnictide oxides ATi2Pn2O. A related superconductor BaTi2Bi2O was subsequently discovered in 2013. The structure of these materials consists of alternate stacking of superconducting Ti2Pn2O layers and Ba blocking layers, which is somewhat similar to high-Tc cuprates since the Ti2Pn2O layer contains an anti-CuO2-type Ti2O square lattice. In addition to the structural similarity to the well-known high-Tc superconductors, BaTi2Pn2O shows unique physical properties: two superconducting domes appear in the electronic phase diagram for solid solutions of BaTi2(Sb1‒xBix)2O and a unique density-wave instability which coexists with superconductivity. In this short review, the early studies of titanium pnictide oxides, the discovery of novel superconductors BaTi2Pn2O, and recent progress are summarized.
Effects of Ambient Fine Particles PM2.5 on Human HaCaT Cells
Authors: Li Qiao , Kang Zhihua , Jiang Shuo , Zhao Jinzhuo , Yan Shuxian , Xu Feng , Xu Jinhua
Published: January 2017

The current study was conducted to observe the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells. The potential mechanism linking PM2.5 and skin was explored. HaCaT cells were cultured and then accessed in plate with PM2.5. Cell viability was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8. The mRNA and protein expression of Filaggrin, Loricrin, Involucrin, and Repetin were analyzed. The levels of Granulocyte-macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1α, and Interleukin-8 were detected in the supernatant of the HaCaT cell with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Cell viability decreased with the increase in PM2.5. Compared with the control group, the protein expression of Filaggrin, Repetin, Involucrin, and Loricrin showed different expression patterns in PM2.5 treatment groups. The level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, Interleukin-1α, and Interleukin-8 significantly increased in the cells treated with PM2.5. Ambient PM2.5 may increase the risk of eczema and other skin diseases. The relative mechanism may be associated with the impairment of the skin barrier and the elevation of inflammatory responses.
Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases
Authors: Genchi Giuseppe , Sinicropi Maria , Carocci Alessia , Lauria Graziantonio , Catalano Alessia
Published: January 2017

Environmental contamination has exposed humans to various metal agents, including mercury. It has been determined that mercury is not only harmful to the health of vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children, but is also toxic to ordinary adults in various ways. For many years, mercury was used in a wide variety of human activities. Nowadays, the exposure to this metal from both natural and artificial sources is significantly increasing. Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure, even to low concentration levels of mercury, can cause cardiovascular, reproductive, and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Possible biological effects of mercury, including the relationship between mercury toxicity and diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction, are being studied. As heart rhythm and function are under autonomic nervous system control, it has been hypothesized that the neurotoxic effects of mercury might also impact cardiac autonomic function. Mercury exposure could have a long-lasting effect on cardiac parasympathetic activity and some evidence has shown that mercury exposure might affect heart rate variability, particularly early exposures in children. The mechanism by which mercury produces toxic effects on the cardiovascular system is not fully elucidated, but this mechanism is believed to involve an increase in oxidative stress. The exposure to mercury increases the production of free radicals, potentially because of the role of mercury in the Fenton reaction and a reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase. In this review we report an overview on the toxicity of mercury and focus our attention on the toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
Demographic and Substance Use Factors Associated with Non-Violent Alcohol-Related Injuries among Patrons of Australian Night-Time Entertainment Districts
Authors: Coomber Kerri , Mayshak Richelle , Hyder Shannon , Droste Nicolas , Curtis Ashlee , Pennay Amy , Gilmore William , Lam Tina , Chikritzhs Tanya , Miller Peter
Published: January 2017

This study examined the relationship between patron demographics, substance use, and experience of recent alcohol-related accidents and injuries that were not due to interpersonal violence in night-time entertainment districts. Cross-sectional interviews (n = 4016) were conducted around licensed venues in entertainment districts of five Australian cities. Demographic factors associated with non-violent alcohol-related injuries were examined, including gender, age, and occupation. The association between substance use on the night of interview; blood alcohol concentration (BAC), pre-drinking, energy drink consumption, and illicit drug use; and experience of injury was also explored. Thirteen percent of participants reported an alcohol-related injury within the past three months. Respondents aged younger than 25 years were significantly more likely to report an alcohol-related injury. Further, a significant occupation effect was found indicating the rate of alcohol-related injury was lower in managers/professionals compared to non-office workers. The likelihood of prior alcohol-related injury significantly increased with BAC, and self-reported pre-drinking, energy drink, or illicit drug consumption on the night of interview. These findings provide an indication of the demographic and substance use-related associations with alcohol-related injuries and, therefore, potential avenues of population-level policy intervention. Policy responses to alcohol-related harm must also account for an assessment and costing of non-violent injuries.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Resolving Scaling Laws of Polyethylene Melts
Authors: Takahashi Kazuaki , Nishimura Ryuto , Yasuoka Kenji , Masubuchi Yuichi
Published: January 2017

Long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations were performed to estimate the actual physical nature of a united-atom model of polyethylene (PE). Several scaling laws for representative polymer properties are compared to theoretical predictions. Internal structure results indicate a clear departure from theoretical predictions that assume ideal chain statics. Chain motion deviates from predictions that assume ideal motion of short chains. With regard to linear viscoelasticity, the presence or absence of entanglements strongly affects the duration of the theoretical behavior. Overall, the results indicate that Gaussian statics and dynamics are not necessarily established for real atomistic models of PE. Moreover, the actual physical nature should be carefully considered when using atomistic models for applications that expect typical polymer behaviors.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Land Surface Phenology in China from 2001–2014
Authors: Luo Zhaohui , Yu Shixiao
Published: January 2017

Land surface phenology is a highly sensitive and simple indicator of vegetation dynamics and climate change. However, few studies on spatiotemporal distribution patterns and trends in land surface phenology across different climate and vegetation types in China have been conducted since 2000, a period during which China has experienced remarkably strong El Niño events. In addition, even fewer studies have focused on changes of the end of season (EOS) and length of season (LOS) despite their importance. In this study, we used four methods to reconstruct Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) dataset and chose the best smoothing result to estimate land surface phenology. Then, the phenophase trends were analyzed via the Mann-Kendall method. We aimed to assess whether trends in land surface phenology have continued since 2000 in China at both national and regional levels. We also sought to determine whether trends in land surface phenology in subtropical or high altitude areas are the same as those observed in high latitude areas and whether those trends are uniform among different vegetation types. The result indicated that the start of season (SOS) was progressively delayed with increasing latitude and altitude. In contrast, EOS exhibited an opposite trend in its spatial distribution, and LOS showed clear spatial patterns over this region that decreased from south to north and from east to west at a national scale. The trend of SOS was advanced at a national level, while the trend in Southern China and the Tibetan Plateau was opposite to that in Northern China. The transaction zone of the SOS within Northern China and Southern China occurred approximately between 31.4°N and 35.2°N. The trend in EOS and LOS were delayed and extended, respectively, at both national and regional levels except that of LOS in the Tibetan Plateau, which was shortened by delayed SOS onset more than by delayed EOS onset. The absolute magnitude of SOS was decreased after 2000 compared with previous studies, and the phenophase trends are species specific.
Quality Perspective on the Dynamic Balance of Cultivated Land in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Lin Lin , Ye Ziran , Gan Muye , Shahtahmassebi Amir , Weston Melanie , Deng Jinsong , Lu Shenggao , Wang Ke
Published: January 2017

Cultivated land in China has faced severe challenges in recent years due to rapid urbanization. In 1997, the “cultivated land requisition-compensation balance” policy was implemented by the government to maintain the quantity and quality of cultivated land. Previous studies mainly focused on the quantity changes of cultivated land. In this study, from a quality perspective, we characterized the occupation and compensation of cultivated land in Wenzhou City utilizing remote sensing and geographic information systems during 2005–2010 and 2010–2014. Our results indicated that although the quantity balance of cultivated land has been achieved in Wenzhou, there was a trend of consuming prime cultivated land for urbanization while compensating with less productive land. It was also found that topography, water resources, and accessibility play important roles in cultivated land changes, with urbanization occurring on the eastern coastal plain where high quality lands are prevalent. Less than 60% of the gained lands were under cultivation, with the majority of reclaimed land from forests and coastal areas and located in remote regions. Therefore, we suggest that a “cultivated land protection red line” policy should be implemented to protect the best cultivated lands, while preventing random land reclamation to secure agricultural and environmental sustainability.
Social Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Textile and Apparel Industry—A Literature Review
Authors: Köksal Deniz , Strähle Jochen , Müller Martin , Freise Matthias
Published: January 2017

So far, a vast amount of studies on sustainability in supply chain management have been conducted by academics over the last decade. Nevertheless, socially related aspects are still neglected in the related discussion. The primary motivation of the present literature review has arisen from this shortcoming, thus the key purpose of this study is to enrich the discussion by providing a state-of-the-art, focusing exclusively on social issues in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) by considering the textile/apparel sector as the field of application. The authors conduct a literature review, including content analysis which covers 45 articles published in English peer-reviewed journals, and proposes a comprehensive map which integrates the latest findings on socially related practices in the textile/apparel industry with the dominant conceptualization in order to reveal potential research areas in the field. The results show an ongoing lack of investigation regarding the social dimension of the triple bottom line in SSCM. Findings indicate that a company’s internal orientation is the main assisting factor in sustainable supply chain management practices. Further, supplier collaboration and assessment can be interpreted as an offer for suppliers deriving from stakeholders and a focal company’s management of social risk. Nevertheless, suppliers do also face or even create huge barriers in improving their social performance. This calls for more empirical research and qualitative or quantitative survey methods, especially at the supplier level located in developing countries.
Erratum: Xue, C., et al. Characterization and Sorptivity of the Plesiomonas shigelloides Strain and Its Potential Use to Remove Cd2+ from Wastewater. Water 2016, 8, 241
Authors: Xue Chao , Qi Peishi , Li Mengsha , Liu Yunzhi
Published: January 2017

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [1].[...]
ROBO-AO KEPLER PLANETARY CANDIDATE SURVEY. III. ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING OF 1629 KEPLER EXOPLANET CANDIDATE HOST STARS
Authors: Ziegler Carl , Law Nicholas M. , Morton Tim , Baranec Christoph , Riddle Reed , Atkinson Dani , Baker Anna , Roberts Sarah , Ciardi David R.
Published: January 2017

The Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey is observing every Kepler planet candidate host star with laser adaptive optics imaging to search for blended nearby stars, which may be physically associated companions and/or responsible for transit false positives. In this paper, we present the results of our search for stars nearby 1629 Kepler planet candidate hosts. With survey sensitivity to objects as close as ∼0.″15, and magnitude differences Δm

, we find 223 stars in the vicinity of 206 target KOIs; 209 of these nearby stars have not been previously imaged in high resolution. We measure an overall nearby-star probability for Kepler planet candidates of

at separations between 0.″15 and 4.″0. Particularly interesting KOI systems are discussed, including 26 stars with detected companions that host rocky, habitable zone candidates and five new candidate planet-hosting quadruple star systems. We explore the broad correlations between planetary systems and stellar binarity, using the combined data set of Baranec et al. and this paper. Our previous 2σ result of a low detected nearby star fraction of KOIs hosting close-in giant planets is less apparent in this larger data set. We also find a significant correlation between detected nearby star fraction and KOI number, suggesting possible variation between early and late Kepler data releases.
THE COLOR–MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF HILDA ASTEROIDS: COMPARISON WITH JUPITER TROJANS
Authors: Wong Ian , Brown Michael E.
Published: January 2017

Current models of solar system evolution posit that the asteroid populations in resonance with Jupiter are comprised of objects scattered inward from the outer solar system during a period of dynamical instability. In this paper, we present a new analysis of the absolute magnitude and optical color distribution of Hilda asteroids, which lie in 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter, with the goal of comparing the bulk properties with previously published results from an analogous study of Jupiter Trojans. We report an updated power-law fit of the Hilda magnitude distribution through H = 14. Using photometric data listed in the Sloan Moving Object Catalog, we confirm the previously reported strong bimodality in visible spectral slope distribution, indicative of two subpopulations with differing surface compositions. When considering collisional families separately, we find that collisional fragments follow a unimodal color distribution with spectral slope values consistent with the bluer of the two subpopulations. The color distributions of Hildas and Trojans are comparable and consistent with a scenario in which the color bimodality in both populations developed prior to emplacement into their present-day locations. We propose that the shallower magnitude distribution of the Hildas is a result of an initially much larger Hilda population, which was subsequently depleted as smaller bodies were preferentially ejected from the narrow 3:2 resonance via collisions. Altogether, these observations provide a strong case supporting a common origin for Hildas and Trojans as predicted by current dynamical instability theories of solar system evolution.
MASS CONSTRAINTS OF THE WASP-47 PLANETARY SYSTEM FROM RADIAL VELOCITIES
Authors: Sinukoff Evan , Howard Andrew W. , Petigura Erik A. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Isaacson Howard , Weiss Lauren M. , Brewer John M. , Hansen Brad M. S. , Hirsch Lea , Christiansen Jessie L. , Crepp Justin R. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Ciardi David R. , Beichman Charles A. , Knutson Heather A. , Benneke Bjoern , Dressing Courtney D. , Livingston John H. , Deck Katherine M. , Lépine Sébastien , Rogers Leslie A.
Published: January 2017

We report precise radial velocity (RV) measurements of WASP-47, a G star that hosts three transiting planets in close proximity (a hot Jupiter, a super-Earth, and a Neptune-sized planet) and a non-transiting planet at 1.4 au. Through a joint analysis of previously published RVs and our own Keck-HIRES RVs, we significantly improve the planet mass and bulk density measurements. For the super-Earth WASP-47e (P = 0.79 days), we measure a mass of

M
⊕, and a bulk density of

g cm−3, consistent with a rocky composition. For the hot Jupiter WASP-47b (P = 4.2 days), we measure a mass of

M
⊕ (1.12 ± 0.04 M
Jup) and constrain its eccentricity to

at 3σ confidence. For the Neptune-size planet WASP-47d (P = 9.0 days), we measure a mass of

M
⊕ and a bulk density of

g cm−3, suggesting that it has a thick H/He envelope. For the outer non-transiting planet, we measure a minimum mass of

M
⊕ (1.29 ± 0.06 M
Jup), an orbital period of

 days, and an orbital eccentricity of

. Our new measurements are consistent with but two to four times more precise than previous mass measurements.
THE KEPLER FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATION PROGRAM. I. A CATALOG OF COMPANIONS TO KEPLER STARS FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING
Authors: Furlan E. , Ciardi D. R. , Everett M. E. , Saylors M. , Teske J. K. , Horch E. P. , Howell S. B. , van Belle G. T. , Hirsch L. A. , Gautier T. N. , Adams E. R. , Barrado D. , Cartier K. M. S. , Dressing C. D. , Dupree A. K. , Gilliland R. L. , Lillo-Box J. , Lucas P. W. , Wang J.
Published: January 2017

We present results from high-resolution, optical to near-IR imaging of host stars of Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs), identified in the original Kepler field. Part of the data were obtained under the Kepler imaging follow-up observation program over six years (2009–2015). Almost 90% of stars that are hosts to planet candidates or confirmed planets were observed. We combine measurements of companions to KOI host stars from different bands to create a comprehensive catalog of projected separations, position angles, and magnitude differences for all detected companion stars (some of which may not be bound). Our compilation includes 2297 companions around 1903 primary stars. From high-resolution imaging, we find that ∼10% (∼30%) of the observed stars have at least one companion detected within 1″ (4″). The true fraction of systems with close (≲4″) companions is larger than the observed one due to the limited sensitivities of the imaging data. We derive correction factors for planet radii caused by the dilution of the transit depth: assuming that planets orbit the primary stars or the brightest companion stars, the average correction factors are 1.06 and 3.09, respectively. The true effect of transit dilution lies in between these two cases and varies with each system. Applying these factors to planet radii decreases the number of KOI planets with radii smaller than 2

by ∼2%–23% and thus affects planet occurrence rates. This effect will also be important for the yield of small planets from future transit missions such as TESS.
CHROMOSPHERE TO 1 au SIMULATION OF THE 2011 MARCH 7th EVENT: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF CORONAL MASS EJECTION PROPAGATION
Authors: Jin M. , Manchester W. B. , Holst B. van der , Sokolov I. , Tóth G. , Vourlidas A. , Koning C. A. de , Gombosi T. I.
Published: January 2017

We perform and analyze the results of a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the fast coronal mass ejection (CME) that occurred on 2011 March 7. The simulation is made using the newly developed Alfvén Wave Solar Model (AWSoM), which describes the background solar wind starting from the upper chromosphere and extends to 24 R
⊙. Coupling AWSoM to an inner heliosphere model with the Space Weather Modeling Framework extends the total domain beyond the orbit of Earth. Physical processes included in the model are multi-species thermodynamics, electron heat conduction (both collisional and collisionless formulations), optically thin radiative cooling, and Alfvén-wave turbulence that accelerates and heats the solar wind. The Alfvén-wave description is physically self-consistent, including non-Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin reflection and physics-based apportioning of turbulent dissipative heating to both electrons and protons. Within this model, we initiate the CME by using the Gibson-Low analytical flux rope model and follow its evolution for days, in which time it propagates beyond STEREO A. A detailed comparison study is performed using remote as well as in situ observations. Although the flux rope structure is not compared directly due to lack of relevant ejecta observation at 1 au in this event, our results show that the new model can reproduce many of the observed features near the Sun (e.g., CME-driven extreme ultraviolet [EUV] waves, deflection of the flux rope from the coronal hole, “double-front” in the white light images) and in the heliosphere (e.g., shock propagation direction, shock properties at STEREO A).
A REVISED PLANETARY NEBULA LUMINOSITY FUNCTION DISTANCE TO NGC 628 USING MUSE
Authors: Kreckel K. , Groves B. , Bigiel F. , Blanc G. A. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Hughes A. , Schruba A. , Schinnerer E.
Published: January 2017

Distance uncertainties plague our understanding of the physical scales relevant to the physics of star formation in extragalactic studies. The planetary nebulae luminosity function (PNLF) is one of very few techniques that can provide distance estimates to within ∼10%; however, it requires a planetary nebula (PN) sample that is uncontaminated by other ionizing sources. We employ optical integral field unit spectroscopy using the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer on the Very Large Telescope to measure [O iii] line fluxes for sources unresolved on 50 pc scales within the central star-forming galaxy disk of NGC 628. We use diagnostic line ratios to identify 62 PNe, 30 supernova remnants, and 87 H ii regions within our fields. Using the 36 brightest PNe, we determine a new PNLF distance modulus of

29.91

−
0.13

+
0.08

mag (9.59

−
0.57

+
0.35

Mpc), which is in good agreement with literature values, but significantly larger than the previously reported PNLF distance. We are able to explain the discrepancy and recover the previous result when we reintroduce SNR contaminants to our sample. This demonstrates the power of full spectral information over narrowband imaging in isolating PNe. Given our limited spatial coverage within the Galaxy, we show that this technique can be used to refine distance estimates, even when IFU observations cover only a fraction of a galaxy disk.
CHROMOSPHERIC AND CORONAL ACTIVITY IN THE 500 MYR OLD OPEN CLUSTER M37: EVIDENCE FOR CORONAL STRIPPING?
Authors: Núñez Alejandro , Agüeros Marcel A. , Covey Kevin R. , López-Morales Mercedes
Published: January 2017

We present the results of a spectroscopic survey to characterize chromospheric activity, as measured by

H
α

emission, in low-mass members of the 500 Myr old open cluster M37. Combining our new measurements of

H
α

luminosities (

L

H
α

) with previously cataloged stellar properties, we identify saturated and unsaturated regimes in the dependence of the

L

H
α

-to-bolometric luminosity ratio,

L

H
α

/

L

bol

, on the Rossby number R

o
. All rotators with R

o
smaller than 0.03 ± 0.01 converge to an activity level of

L

H
α

/

L

bol

=
(
1.27
±
0.02
)
×

10

−
4

. This saturation threshold (

R

o
,
sat

=
0.03
±
0.01

) is statistically smaller than that found in most studies of the rotation–activity relation. In the unsaturated regime, slower rotators have lower levels of chromospheric activity, with

L

H
α

/

L

bol

(R

o
) following a power-law of index

β
=
−
0.51
±
0.02

, slightly shallower than that found for a combined ≈650 Myr old sample of Hyades and Praesepe stars. By comparing this unsaturated behavior to that previously found for coronal activity in M37 (as measured via the X-ray luminosity,

L

X

), we confirm that chromospheric activity decays at a much slower rate than coronal activity with increasing R

o
. While a comparison of

L

H
α

and

L

X

for M37 members with measurements of both reveals a nearly 1:1 relation, removing the mass-dependencies by comparing instead

L

H
α

/

L

bol

and

L

X

/

L

bol

does not provide clear evidence for such a relation. Finally, we find that

R

o
,
sat

is smaller for our chromospheric than for our coronal indicator of activity (

R

o
,
sat

=
0.03
±
0.01

versus 0.09 ± 0.01). We interpret this as possible evidence for coronal stripping.
HST/COS OBSERVATIONS OF IONIZED GAS ACCRETION AT THE DISK–HALO INTERFACE OF M33
Authors: Zheng Y. , Peek J. E. G. , Werk J. K. , Putman M. E.
Published: January 2017

We report the detection of accreting ionized gas at the disk–halo interface of the nearby galaxy M33. We analyze Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph absorption-line spectra of seven ultraviolet-bright stars evenly distributed across the disk of M33. We find Si iv absorption components consistently redshifted relative to the bulk M33's ISM absorption along all the sightlines. The Si iv detection indicates an enriched, disk-wide, ionized gas inflow toward the disk. This inflow is most likely multi-phase as the redshifted components can also be observed in ions with lower ionization states (e.g., S ii, P ii, Fe ii, Si ii). Kinematic modeling of the inflow is consistent with an accreting layer at the disk–halo interface of M33, which has an accretion velocity of

110

−
20

+
15

km

s

−
1

at a distance of

1.5

−
1.0

+
1.0

kpc above the disk. The modeling indicates a total mass of ∼3.9 × 107
M
⊙ for the accreting material at the disk–halo interface on the near side of the M33 disk, with an accretion rate of ∼2.9 M
⊙ yr−1. The high accretion rate and the level of metal enrichment suggest the inflow is likely to be the fallback of M33 gas from a galactic fountain and/or the gas pulled loosed during a close interaction between M31 and M33. Our study of M33 is the first to unambiguously reveal the existence of a disk-wide, ionized gas inflow beyond the Milky Way, providing a better understanding of gas accretion in the vicinity of a galaxy disk.
MAPPING THE POLARIZATION OF THE RADIO-LOUD Lyα NEBULA B3 J2330+3927*
Authors: You Chang , Zabludoff Ann , Smith Paul , Yang Yujin , Kim Eunchong , Jannuzi Buell , Prescott Moire K. M. , Matsuda Yuichi , Lee Myung Gyoon
Published: January 2017

Lyα nebulae, or “Lyα blobs,” are extended (up to ∼100 kpc), bright (L
Lyα
 ≳ 1043 erg s−1) clouds of Lyα emitting gas that tend to lie in overdense regions at z ∼ 2–5. The origin of the Lyα emission remains unknown, but recent theoretical work suggests that measuring the polarization might discriminate among powering mechanisms. Here we present the first narrowband imaging polarimetry of a radio-loud Lyα nebula, B3 J2330+3927, at z = 3.09, with an embedded active galactic nucleus (AGN). The AGN lies near the blob’s Lyα emission peak, and its radio lobes align roughly with the blob’s major axis. With the SPOL polarimeter on the 6.5 m MMT telescope, we map the total (Lyα + continuum) polarization in a grid of circular apertures of a radius of 0.″6 (4.4 kpc), detecting a significant (>2σ) polarization fraction P
% in nine apertures and achieving strong upper limits (as low as 2%) elsewhere. P
% increases from <2% at ∼5 kpc from the blob center to 17% at ∼15–25 kpc. The detections are distributed asymmetrically, roughly along the nebula’s major axis. The polarization angles θ are mostly perpendicular to this axis. Comparing the Lyα flux to that of the continuum and conservatively assuming that the continuum is highly polarized (20%–100%) and aligned with the total polarization, we place lower limits on the polarization of the Lyα emission P
%,Lyα
ranging from no significant polarization at ∼5 kpc from the blob center to 3%–17% at 10–25 kpc. Like the total polarization, the Lyα polarization detections occur more often along the blob’s major axis.
AN INTEGRAL CONDITION FOR CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS
Authors: Murphy Jeremiah W. , Dolence Joshua C.
Published: January 2017

We derive an integral condition for core-collapse supernova (CCSN) explosions and use it to construct a new diagnostic of explodability. The fundamental challenge in CCSN theory is to explain how a stalled accretion shock revives to explode a star. In this manuscript, we assume that the shock revival is initiated by the delayed-neutrino mechanism and derive an integral condition for spherically symmetric shock expansion, v

s
 > 0. One of the most useful one-dimensional explosion conditions is the neutrino luminosity and mass-accretion rate (

L

ν

–



˙

) critical curve. Below this curve, steady-state stalled solutions exist, but above this curve, there are no stalled solutions. Burrows & Goshy suggested that the solutions above this curve are dynamic and explosive. In this manuscript, we take one step closer to proving this supposition; we show that all steady solutions above this curve have v

s
 > 0. Assuming that these steady v

s
 > 0 solutions correspond to explosion, we present a new dimensionless integral condition for explosion, Ψ > 0. Ψ roughly describes the balance between pressure and gravity, and we show that this parameter is equivalent to the τ condition used to infer the

L

ν

–



˙

critical curve. The illuminating difference is that there is a direct relationship between Ψ and v

s
. Below the critical curve, Ψ may be negative, positive, and zero, which corresponds to receding, expanding, and stalled-shock solutions. At the critical curve, the minimum Ψ solution is zero; above the critical curve, Ψmin > 0, and all steady solutions have v

s
 > 0. Using one-dimensional simulations, we confirm our primary assumptions and verify that Ψmin > 0 is a reliable and accurate explosion diagnostic.