bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant Filiform Polyposis not Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Ponte Rossella , Mastracci Luca , Di Domenico Stefano , Ferretti Carlotta , De Cian Franco , Fiocca Roberto , Grillo Federica
Published: February 2015

Background: Filiform polyposis (FP) is an uncommon cause of non-neoplastic and non-syndromic polyposis. Several hypotheses concerning its pathogenesis have been published. FP is most frequently associated with a post-inflammatory reparative process; indeed, the most frequent association is with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FP is characterized by one to hundreds of uniform, slender, arborizing, vermiform projections of the large bowel mucosa and submucosa lined by normal or inflamed colonic mucosa. The most common sites for these polyps are the transverse and descending colon. Case Report: In this report we present a case of giant FP associated with locally invasive adenocarcinoma of the right colon in a 73-year-old man with no past medical history of IBD. Conclusion: Few of these cases have been reported in the literature, and out of the approximately 20 of such case reports only one other was associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma.
The P2X7 Receptor Contributes to the Development of the Exacerbated Inflammatory Response Associated with Sepsis
Authors: Santana Patricia Texeira , Benjamim Claudia Farias , Martinez Camila Guerra , Kurtenbach Eleonora , Takiya Christina Maeda , Coutinho-Silva Robson
Published: February 2015

Background: Sepsis is associated with high mortality rates in intensive care units worldwide and represents a systemic inflammatory response to infection. P2X7 is an ionotropic purine receptor with known proinflammatory activity. Here, we investigated the role of the P2X7 receptor in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Methods: Wild-type (WT) and P2X7KO (P2X7 null) mice were subjected to CLP and their survival was monitored for 7 days. Blood, peritoneal wash and lungs were collected 24 h after CLP and used to measure bacterial load, immune cell infiltration, nitric oxide (NO), cytokine levels, and peritoneal cell death and to assess lung injury. Results: P2X7KO mice showed significantly increased survival 7 days after CLP (30% compared to 60% in WT animals) accompanied by an overall attenuated inflammatory response, with decreased cell recruitment to the peritoneum, no or limited increases in the levels of NO and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-4), reduced peritoneal cell apoptosis, and less pronounced lung infiltration and morphological changes. Conclusions: Our data show the P2X7 receptor is required for the development of the inflammatory response associated with sepsis and support the notion that P2X7 receptor is a valid therapeutic target against inflammatory diseases.
A Case of Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in a Patient Treated with Pemetrexed and Carboplatin for Lung Cancer
Authors: Kawaguchi Yo , Fujita Takuya , Hanaoka Jun , Hayashi Kazuki
Published: February 2015

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) has rarely been reported in patients undergoing chemotherapy. We encountered a case of a 64-year-old man with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma who received adjuvant chemotherapy with pemetrexed and carboplatin and developed HPVG 1 day after the second chemotherapy. An emergency operation was performed, but the patient died 2 days after the operation because of multiple organ failure caused by sepsis. Since the patient had complained of alternating abdominal bloating and diarrhea during chemotherapy, we considered that the cause of HPVG was intestinal mucosal disruption and increased intraluminal pressure due to the chemotherapy.
Characterization of Human Breast Milk Leukocytes and Their Potential Role in Cytomegalovirus Transmission to Newborns
Authors: Maschmann Jens , Goelz Rangmar , Witzel Simone , Strittmatter Ute , Steinmassl Max , Jahn Gerhard , Hamprecht Klaus
Published: February 2015

Background: Breast milk is the primary source of cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission to newborns and premature infants. The role of cell-free milk whey in virus transmission is well understood, yet the knowledge about the role of milk cells in this process is scarce. Objective: To preliminarily characterize different breast milk cell types during various stages of lactation to evaluate their potential role in the transmission of CMV. Materials and Methods: Breast milk cells of 18 lactating and 3 CMV-seropositive mothers of preterm infants were isolated and characterized for expression of myeloid markers by flow cytometry. In parallel, cytospin preparations were stained with α-naphthyl acetate esterase to identify milk macrophages and describe the dynamic changes of the macrophage-granulocyte population during lactation. The influence of different time points of lactation was analyzed by FACS analysis of double-stained (CD15/CD66b) milk cells. To characterize CMV target cells in breast milk, we enriched CD14+ cells by MACS (Miltenyi) and monitored cell fractions using CMV IEEx4 nested PCR and pp67 CMV RNA by NASBA. Results: Virolactia, viral DNAlactia, and viral pp67 late mRNA could be detected in breast milk cells only in defined time periods. Granulocytes and macrophages demonstrated an inverse dynamic with neutrophils predominating in the early stages (<30 days postpartum) and macrophages in later stages (>60 days postpartum) of lactation. Enrichment of CD14-positive cells resulted in viral DNA and pp67 late mRNA detection. Conclusions: Granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages are the predominating cell populations in breast milk with changing frequencies during early lactation. These results demonstrate that CD14-positive breast milk cells seem to be one of the target cells for CMV in breast milk.
Heterologous Expression of 3-O-Deacylase in Acinetobacter baumannii Modulates the Endotoxicity of Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Badmasti Farzad , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Siadat Seyed Davar , Bouzari Saeid , Ajdary Soheila , Amin Mohsen , Halabian Raheleh , Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali
Published: February 2015

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Acinetobacter baumannii is a potent stimulator of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). The 3-O-deacylase (PagL)-modifying enzyme that removes the 3-O-linked acyl chain from the disaccharide backbone of lipid A provides the opportunity to develop a new therapeutic compound that could reduce detrimental inflammatory responses. The plasmid pMMB66EH-PagL obtained by recombinant DNA technology was electroporated into A. baumannii ATCC 19606. Compared with wild-type LPS, outer membrane vesicles and inactivated whole cells of engineered bacteria had a statistically significant decreased ability to produce IL-6. Structural analysis of lipid A by negative-ion matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that the profile of lipid A fractions under PagL expression was changed. Taken together, our data showed that recombinant penta-acylated lipid A had less immunoreactivity and that the tetra-acylated version of lipid A with TLR4 antagonist activity decreased the induction of IL-6 production in the murine macrophage cell line J774 A.1.
Principles of Rehabilitation and Reactivation: Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Marra Alberto M. , Egenlauf Benjamin , Bossone Eduardo , Eichstaedt Christina , Grünig Ekkehard , Ehlken Nicola
Published: February 2015

Most recently, a specialized and carefully monitored exercise training and rehabilitation program has been recommended as add-on to medical treatment in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (class I, level of evidence A). Three prospective randomized, controlled trials, 10 prospective uncontrolled trials, 2 retrospective studies and 2 case series in more than 470 patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure reported beneficial effects of a specialized exercise training and rehabilitation program, i.e. significant improvement in symptoms, exercise capacity, cardiorespiratory function and quality of life, compared with untrained controls. All training studies reported an acceptable safety profile, and some uncontrolled studies showed excellent 1- and 2-year survival rates. However, most studies had a quite small sample size (ranging from 2 to 183 patients) and an uncontrolled design, and they were not designed to assess hemodynamic changes, time to clinical worsening and survival. Nevertheless, there is large evidence that exercise training programs should be performed by centers experienced in both PH patient care and rehabilitation. The best method and duration of the training, characteristics of supervision, and the mechanisms resulting in symptom improvement and increased functional capacity are unclear. In this review, we summarize data of molecular and clinical effects of exercise training in PH patients. Furthermore, we discuss safety data and the role of a self-care management of exercise training in these patients.
Prodromal Symptom Severity Predicts Accelerated Gray Matter Reduction and Third Ventricle Expansion among Clinically High-Risk Youth Developing Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Chung Yoonho , Jacobson Aron , He George , van Erp Theo G.M. , McEwen Sarah , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Cadenhead Kristin , Cornblatt Barbara , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas , Perkins Diana , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming , Walker Elaine , Woods Scott W. , Heinssen Robert , Cannon Tyrone D. ,   on behalf of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) Consortium
Published: February 2015

A recent prospective longitudinal neuroimaging study of 274 prodromal risk syndrome subjects revealed that those who later developed full-blown psychotic symptoms had exhibited accelerated gray matter loss and third ventricle expansion around the time of psychosis onset. Previous studies also indicate that higher levels of unusual thought content during prodromal states are a significant predictor of psychosis in clinically high-risk (CHR) youth. However, the relationship between clinical symptoms and changes in neuroanatomical structure has not been previously examined in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) sample at the whole-brain level. In this report, we investigated whether symptom severity as measured by the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) predicted the accelerated gray matter decline in 274 CHR cases, including 35 who converted to psychosis. Higher levels of unusual thought content at baseline were associated with a steeper rate of gray matter loss in the prefrontal cortex bilaterally among converters. In contrast, there was no association found among nonconverters. Steeper gray matter loss seems to be unique to those (CHR) individuals with higher levels of subpsychotic predelusional symptoms that acutely worsen in the ramp-up to full-blown psychosis, and as such may reflect pathophysiological processes driving the emergence of psychosis.
Natural History and Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: Current Evidence
Authors: Fritz Stefan , Lerch Markus M.
Published: February 2015

Background: With the use of modern cross-sectional abdominal imaging modalities, an increasing number of cystic pancreatic lesions are identified incidentally. Although there is no pathological diagnosis available in most cases, it is believed that the majority of these lesions display small branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) of the pancreas. Even though a number of large clinical series have been published, many uncertainties remain with regard to this entity of mucinous cystic neoplasms. Methods: Systematic literature review. Results: Main-duct (MD) and mixed-type IPMNs harbor a high risk of malignant transformation. It is conceivable that most IPMNs with involvement of the main duct tend to progress to invasive carcinoma over time. Thus, formal oncologic resection is the treatment of choice in surgically fit patients. In contrast, the data regarding BD-IPMN remain equivocal, resulting in conflicting concepts. To date, it is not clear whether and which BD-IPMNs progress to carcinoma and how long this progression takes. Conclusion: While patients with MD-IPMNs should undergo surgical resection if comorbidities and life expectancy permit this, the management of small BD-IPMNs remains controversial. Population-based studies with long-term follow-up are needed to define which cohort of patients can be observed safely without immediate resection.
Cyst Features and Risk of Malignancy in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Imaging and Pathology
Authors: Grenacher Lars , Strauß Albert , Bergmann Frank , Birdsey Matthew , Mayerle Julia
Published: February 2015

Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) display diverse macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics with typical morphological appearance in magnetic resonance imaging. Depending on those, IPMNs may show progression into invasive carcinomas with variable frequency. Overall, IPMN-associated invasive carcinomas are found in about 30% of all IPMNs, revealing phenotpyes comparable with conventional ductal adenocarcinomas or mucinous (colloid) carcinomas of the pancreas. In Sendai-negative side-branch IPMNs, however, the annual risk of the development of invasive cancer is 2%; thus, risk stratification with regard to imaging and preoperative biomarkers and cytology is mandatory. Methods and Results: The present study addresses the radiological and interventional preoperative measures including histological features to determine the risk of malignancy and the prognosis of IPMNs. Conclusion: While preoperative imaging largely relies on the detection of macroscopic features of IPMNs, which are associated with a divergent risk of malignant behavior, in resected specimens the determination of the grade of dysplasia and the detection of an invasive component are the most important features to estimate the prognosis of IPMNs.
Management of Incidental Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
Authors: Jenssen Christian , Kahl Stefan
Published: February 2015

Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) are common. They are increasingly detected as an incidental finding of transabdominal ultrasound or cross-sectional imaging. In contrast to other parenchymal organs, dysontogenetic pancreatic cysts are extremely rare. In symptomatic patients the most frequent PCL are acute and chronic pseudocysts. The majority of incidental cystic lesions, however, are neoplasias which have different risks of malignancy. Methods: PubMed was searched for studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines using the following key words: (‘pancreatic cystic lesions' OR ‘cystic pancreatic lesions' OR ‘intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia' OR ‘mucinous cystic neoplasia' OR ‘pancreatic cyst' OR ‘pancreatic pseudocyst') AND (management OR treatment OR outcome OR prognosis OR diagnosis OR imaging OR ‘endoscopic ultrasound' EUS-FNA OR EUS OR ‘endoscopic ultrasonography' OR CT OR MRI). Retrieved papers were reviewed with regard to the diagnostic and therapeutic management of incidental PCL. Results: In addition to clinical criteria, transabdominal ultrasonography including contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, cross-sectional radiological imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are used for diagnostic characterization and risk assessment. EUS plays an outstanding role in differential diagnosis and prognostic characterization of incidental PCL. In a single examination it is possible to perform high-resolution morphological description, perfusion imaging, as well as fine-needle aspiration of cyst content, cyst wall, and solid components. An international consensus guideline has defined worrisome and high-risk criteria for the risk assessment of mucinous pancreatic cysts, which are mainly based on the results of EUS and cross-sectional imaging. Nevertheless, despite diagnostic progress and guideline recommendations, differential diagnosis and management decisions remain difficult. This review will discuss problems in and approaches to the diagnosis of incidental PCL. Conclusion: An evidence-based algorithm for the diagnosis of incidental PCL is proposed.
The Effect of Parathyroid Hormones on Hair Follicle Physiology: Implications for Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia
Authors: Skrok Anna , Bednarczuk Tomasz , Skwarek Agata , Popow Michał , Rudnicka Lidia , Olszewska Małgorzata
Published: February 2015

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) influence hair follicles through paracrine and intracrine routes. There is significant evidence that PTH and PTHrP influence the proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle cells. The PTH/PTHrP receptor signalling plays an important role in the hair follicle cycle and may induce premature catagen-telogen transition. Transgenic mice with an overexpression or blockade (PTH/PTHrP receptor knockout mice) of PTHrP activity revealed impaired or increased hair growth, respectively. Some findings also suggest that PTHrP may additionally influence the hair cycle by inhibiting angiogenesis. Antagonists of the PTH/PTHrP receptor have been shown to stimulate proliferation of hair follicle cells and hair growth. A hair-stimulating effect of a PTH/PTHrP receptor antagonist applied topically to the skin has been observed in hairless mice, as well as in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. These data indicate that the PTH/PTHrP receptor may serve as a potential target for new (topical) hair growth-stimulating drugs, especially for chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
A Case Report of Severe Corneal Toxicity following 0.5% Topical Moxifloxacin Use
Authors: Vignesh A.P. , Srinivasan Renuka , Karanth Swathi
Published: February 2015

Moxifloxacin is a widely used topical antibiotic in various bacterial infections of the eye. Its safety and efficacy have been proved by many studies. We report a case of a rare adverse effect following its use. A 10-year-old female who had presented with acute bacterial conjunctivitis in both eyes with no corneal involvement was started on preservative-free 0.5% topical moxifloxacin four times a day. The child developed a severe form of corneal toxicity in both eyes with circumcorneal congestion and corneal edema following its use. The child's visual acuity had dropped from 20/20 to 20/400 in both the eyes. Topical moxifloxacin was discontinued, following which the cornea cleared dramatically and the visual acuity became normal. This case indicates that though rare, topical moxifloxacin can cause severe keratitis and that more studies need to be conducted to evaluate its safety.
Sexual Orientation and the Sexualisation of Refugee Law
Authors: Juss Satvinder
Published: February 2015

It is now clear that hj (Iran) in 2010 left many questions unresolved. The development of the law was not consistent with customary international law, ‘sexual orientation rights’ were unjustifiably elevated above political and religious rights in refugee law, ‘social pressures’ leading to ‘living discreetly’ could not be distinguished so easily from ‘political pressures’, and the steps required for proof of sexuality to be established were left unexplained by the uk Supreme Court. As a result, and as this article shows, the refugee become a space for politics, not as an exception to politics, the world became divided into territorial spaces and places of ‘barbarism’ and ‘civility’, Orientalist mappings showed a world incapable of self-governance and in turmoil – and the orientation of refugee law became altogether more ‘sexualised’.
Pseudopygmephorellus mazandaranicus sp. nov. (Acari: Heterostigmata: Pygmephoridae), phoretic on scarabaeid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Iran
Authors: KATLAV ALIHAN , HAJIQANBAR HAMIDREZA , TALEBI ALI ASGHAR
Published: February 2015

The mite species Pseudopygmephorellus mazandaranicus Katlav and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata: Pygmephoridae) is described and illustrated from northern Iran. This new species was discovered phoretic on three different scarabaeid dung beetles: Onthophagus sp., Aphodius depressus (Kugelann, 1792), Aphodius varians Duftschmid, 1805. This finding presents the first record of the genus Pseudopygmephorellus Khaustov, 2008 from Asia. The host range/habitat and world-wide distribution of species of the genus Pseudopygmephorellus is reviewed and a key to world species of the genus is provided.
Confocal microscopy refines generic concept of a problematic taxon: rediagnosis of the genus Neoprothrix and remarks on female anatomy of eriophyoids (Acari: Eriophyoidea)
Authors: CHETVERIKOV PHILIPP E. , DESNITSKIY ALEXEY G. , NAVIA DENISE
Published: February 2015

Due to the higher resolution, confocal microscopy (CLSM) can be applied to refine the origin of tiny structures of the autofluorescent exoskeletons of microarthropods (mites in particular) which are hard to visualize using traditional differential interference contract light microscopy (DIC LM) and phase contrast light microscopy (PC LM). Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the prodorsal shield topography of eriophyoid mites using Neoprothrix hibiscus Reis and Navia as a model, suggest that the structures originally treated as paired setae vi are two internal rod-like apodemes. Based on this, the genus Neoprothrix is excluded from the subfamily Prothricinae Amrine and transferred to the subfamily Sierraphytoptinae Keifer. Observations on partially cleared specimens of N. hibiscus showed that remnants of the central nervous system, paired glands and developing oocytes can be visualized using DIC LM and CLSM methods. New high quality microscope images are provided of recently described “flower-shaped” structures and two main components of yolk inclusions of the mature eggs inside the oviduct.
Reconciling and Validating the Cloud Thickness and Liquid Water Path Tendencies Proposed by R. Wood and J. J. van der Dussen et al.
Authors: Ghonima Mohamed S. , Norris Joel R. , Heus Thijs , Kleissl Jan
Published: February 2015

A detailed derivation of stratocumulus cloud thickness and liquid water path tendencies as a function of the well-mixed boundary layer mass, heat, and moisture budget equations is presented. The derivation corrects an error in the cloud thickness tendency equation derived by R. Wood to make it consistent with the liquid water path tendency equation derived by J. J. van der Dussen et al. The validity of the tendency equations is then tested against the output of large-eddy simulations of a typical stratocumulus-topped boundary layer case and is found to be in good agreement.
Midshelf to Surfzone Coupled ROMS–SWAN Model Data Comparison of Waves, Currents, and Temperature: Diagnosis of Subtidal Forcings and Response
Authors: Kumar Nirnimesh , Feddersen Falk , Uchiyama Yusuke , McWilliams James , O’Reilly William
Published: February 2015

A coupled wave and circulation model that includes tide, wind, buoyancy, and wave processes is necessary to investigate tracer exchange in the shelf region. Here, a coupled Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS)–Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model, resolving midshelf to the surfzone region of the San Pedro Bay, California, is compared to observations from the 2006 Huntington Beach experiment. Waves are well modeled, and surfzone cross- and alongshore velocities are reasonably well modeled. Modeled and observed rotary velocity spectra compare well in subtidal and tidal bands, and temperature spectra compare well in the subtidal band. Observed and modeled mid- and inner-shelf subtidal velocity ellipses and temperature variability determined from the first vertical complex EOF (cEOF) mode have similar vertical structure. Although the modeled subtidal velocity vertical shear and stratification are weaker than observed, the ratio of stratification to shear is similar, suggesting model vertical mixing is consistent with observations. On fortnightly and longer time scales, the surface heat flux and advective heat flux divergence largely balance on the inner shelf and surfzone. The surfzone and inner-shelf alongshore currents separated by 220 m are unrelated. Both modeled and observed subtidal alongshelf current and temperature are cross-shelf coherent seaward of the surfzone. Wind forcing explains 50% of the observed and modeled inner-shelf alongshore current variability. The observed and modeled inner-shelf alongshelf nonuniformities in depth-averaged alongshore velocities are similar. Inferred, inner-shelf, wave-induced, cross-shore exchange is more important than on the U.S. East Coast. Overall, the coupled ROMS–SWAN model represents well the waves and subtidal circulation dynamics from the midshelf to the surfzone.
Dalit Poetry and the Aesthetics of Traumatic Materialism
Authors: Nayar Pramod K.
Published: February 2015

This article examines and theorises the emergence of an aesthetic of Dalit poetry that it terms ‘traumatic materialism’. It resists the tendency to treat Dalit poetry as social documentary, and instead unravels an aesthetic that builds on the realist mode but moves beyond it. Studying two main themes in Dalit poems, corporeal trauma and labour, the article proposes that traumatic materialism forces us to move beyond the realist mode of recording the eye-witnessing of corporeal pain in everyday Dalit lives to ‘bearing witness’ to something unspeakable and not quite visible, which is the pain’s subtext.
Vulnerability of Poor Urban Women to Climate-linked Water Insecurities at the Household Level: A Case Study of Slums in Delhi
Authors: Kher Jagriti , Aggarwal Savita , Punhani Geeta
Published: February 2015

In most developing countries rural, peri-urban slum women and girls spend several hours every day in water accession and management. Climate change coupled with demographic and technological factors further confound this scenario. This study assesses the vulnerability of poor women to climate-linked water insecurities in Delhi, the capital of India, where almost 20 per cent of its people live in slums and related settlements. This study made a qualitative and quantitative assessment of water-related needs of women living in slums across different regions of the city. Considering the rapid growth of slums, climatic changes and little change in the gendered distribution of domestic responsibilities, women are likely to spend huge amounts of time in meeting their practical gender needs of water and other resources. Their strategic gender needs of education, skill development and income will continue to be ignored leading to persistent gender gaps in attainments in different sectors. It is therefore very important to enhance the overall adaptive capacity of urban poor women to face the challenges of rapid urbanisation and climate change.
Women Caregivers of Persons with Brain Tumour: A Psychosocial Needs Assessment in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangalore
Authors: Amaresha Anekal C. , Reddy N. Krishna , Ahmed Atiq , Ross Diana , Arthur Julian A. J.
Published: February 2015

The diagnosis of a brain tumour poses severe challenges to patients as well as their caregivers. As caregivers, women play an important role. However, most of the literature on brain tumours has failed to emphasise the invaluable services of women caregivers, and their psychosocial needs have been overlooked. The current study aims to highlight this neglected aspect. Thirty women caregivers were selected through purposive sampling and their needs were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire under five heads such as, professional service needs, informational needs, psychological/emotional needs, personal and spiritual needs and social support needs. It was found that some of their needs were unmet, especially their psychological/emotional and informational needs. Thus, gender-specific interventions are recommended across neuro-oncological settings.
Understanding Violence in Place: Travelling Knowledge Paradigms and Measuring Domestic Violence in India
Authors: Piedalue Amy
Published: February 2015

This article investigates how ‘gender-based violence’ is taken up as a subject of research, and more specifically, how gender violence is understood and researched in the ‘developing world’. Based on analysis of the domestic violence module included in India’s National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3, 2005–2006), I argue that current international trends in survey research on gender violence pay insufficient attention to place-based contexts and the working of structural forces. The domestic violence module used in the NFHS-3 and other demographic health surveys (DHS) derives from a measurement scale developed in the US in the 1970s, and deploys particular assumptions about what constitutes domestic violence. This quantitative survey measure universalises a conception of domestic violence as a personal problem, rather than a systemic social issue. As a travelling knowledge paradigm, the survey elides histories of development intervention in India that have exacerbated and produced women’s vulnerability to violence, and ultimately offers more development as the solution to the problem of gender violence. The mobility of this travelling knowledge paradigm derives from a particular form of biopolitics. By prioritising scope and speed, these surveys erase the complexities of gender violence, thereby significantly hindering not only efforts to understand this violence, but also those aimed at preventing it.
Income and Employment Multiplier Effects of the Malaysian Higher Education Sector
Authors: Yen Siew Hwa , Ong Wooi Leng , Ooi Koon Peng
Published: February 2015

The aim of this article is to examine the income and employment multiplier effects of the higher education sector in Malaysia based on conventional input–output methodology. We examined simple, total, Type I and Type II income and employment multiplier effects of private and public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. We found that private HEIs have larger direct and indirect income impacts than public HEIs. With the presence of household spending, both public and private HEIs have greater induced income impacts than direct and indirect income generation effects. We also found that Type I multipliers for private and public HEIs lead to additional income of 1.34 and 1.32 for every initial Ringgit of labour income, respectively, while Type II income multipliers for private and public HEIs account for additional income of 3.09 and 3.05, respectively. Higher education creates 1.21 workers per RM 10,000 investment. The overall results show that private higher education has a relatively greater income effect on the economy.compared to public higher education. The higher education sector is also found to be ineffective in creating new employment in the economy.

JEL Classification: I23, I25
Practical Oxidative Dearomatization of Phenols with Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Sasakura Niiha , Kuwahata Mitsuyoshi , Ejima Yasukazu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: February 2015

A highly efficient and practical oxidative dearomatization of phenols using sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate as an inexpensive, strong oxidant is reported for the first time. The oxidation reactions proceeded very rapidly in the presence of water to give the desired products in excellent yields, and sodium chloride and water were the only by-products derived from the oxidant.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Metal–Organic Compound: 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-Oxide (DOPO)–Mg
Authors: Liu Yanlin , Zou Meishuai , Yang Rongjie , He Jiyu , Zhang Wenchao
Published: February 2015

For the first time, a metal was introduced into the structure of the flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO). A novel metal–organic composite, DOPO–Mg, was synthesized upon the reaction between melt DOPO and activated magnesium powder. The results show that DOPO–Mg has a high initial thermal decomposition temperature of up to 400 °C (5%). In addition, it was an amorphous-like material with minimal water absorption, which decomposed without a melting point. The product after the combustion of DOPO–Mg was magnesium pyrophosphate.
An Effective TiO2 Blocking Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Gao Qianqian , Yang Songwang , Lei Lei , Zhang Shude , Cao Qipeng , Xie Junjie , Li Jiaqing , Liu Yan
Published: February 2015

High-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on organolead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 were fabricated by employing magnetron-sputtered TiO2 (MS-TiO2) blocking layer with high compactness. Coating effect of the MS-TiO2 on F-doped SnO2 grains was confirmed by electrochemical analysis. 10.23% power conversion efficiency of the solar cell was obtained with the structure of FTO/TiO2 blocking layer/CH3NH3PbI3/P3HT/Ag (FTO: fluorine-doped tin oxide, P3HT: poly(3-hexylthiophene)).
Electron-accepting π-Conjugated Systems Based on Cyclic Imide and Cyano-substituted Benzothiadiazole for Non-fullerene Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Ie Yutaka , Jinnai Seihou , Karakawa Makoto , Aso Yoshio
Published: February 2015

To develop organic semiconductors for the application to acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics, we synthesized new π-conjugated compounds consisting of cyclic imide and cyano-substituted benzothiadiazole. Photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as semiconducting performance of these compounds were investigated.
Breaking a Guinness World Record on Hand Sanitizing Relay, initiating a call for vital research in overcoming campaign fatigue for hand hygiene
Authors: Seto Wing Hong , Li Kwok-Hung , Cheung Christina Woon Yee , Ching Patricia Tai Yin , Cowling Benjamin J.
Published: February 2015

Hand hygiene has been shown to be effective in significantly reducing hospital acquired infections for many years. However it is difficult to maintain and enhance compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. In Hong Kong, we previously reported a strategy to counter campaign fatigue from 50%-55% in 2009-11 to 83% in 2012. Here we report a creative activity that we used to sustain and enhance hand hygiene compliance. In May 2014 we broke the first Guinness World Record for a Hand Sanitizing Relay. A total of 277 participants performed hand hygiene before two official and approved witnesses. Following this team-directed strategy, an increase in hand hygiene compliance was identified in June 2014 in two clinical areas with previously poor compliance. The longer term impact of this strategy remains to be determined. More broadly, further research is urgently needed on meeting the challenge of campaign fatigue, and maintaining and enhancing compliance with hand hygiene guidelines.
Communication skills and enhancing clinical practice through reflective learning: a case study
Authors: Tregoning Clare
Published: February 2015

Nurses are required to professionally develop and continually adapt their expertise to the ever-changing needs of the healthcare service and their clients—be they patients or colleagues. An essential skill that underpins what we do as nurses is communication, as it allows us to listen to and understand the needs of our clients, which is fundamental to the nurse-patient relationship ( Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2008 ).

The capacity to successfully communicate can be expanded further by the ability to identify non-verbal cues and modify our responses and interactions.

This reflective account illustrates how, through effective communication, a challenging situation with an HCA colleague was guided to a positive outcome. It emphasises the importance of reflective practice in the development of this skill.
Closed and open catheter irrigation by a skilled and competent healthcare worker
Authors: Peate Ian , Gil Michael
Published: February 2015

Catheter irrigation can be open or closed (intermittent or continuous). The aim of care is to ensure that it is safe and effective, as well as taking into consideration the individual needs of the patient and this will include the treatment of the patient with dignity and compassion.

This article describes closed catheter irrigation; and it also discusses the clinical procedure for open catheter irrigation (sometimes this is called bladder irrigation, bladder lavage or bladder washout).

There are several reasons why a person may need to have catheter/bladder irrigation and in some instances bladder installation may also be required.

There are risks associated with bladder irrigation that the healthcare assistant and the assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) need to be aware of, in order to prevent and identify any potential problems.
Men's health, article 6: men and mental health
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: February 2015

The experience of living with mental health issues is perhaps one of the few areas of life that is not easily or openly discussed or accepted in private, let alone in public. This is perhaps even more so with men, who may be under significant social pressure to hide any mental health condition that they may experience.

This article explores the meaning of mental health, any gender differences in the experiences of mental health, issues faced by men who experience mental ill-health and the role of the HCA.
Why I decided to leave
Authors: Jones Julia
Published: February 2015

It is a story that is being told up and down the country, one to which policy makers seem oblivious; now, an experienced childminder explains why the time has come to say goodbye.
Mythical creatures – phoenix
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: February 2015

The fourth article in our series that has been examining mythical beasts, their history, their place in storytelling and activities that will help children bring them to life once more.
Research roundup: February 2015
Authors: Potter Barbara , Jenkins Annie , Seal Joanne
Published: February 2015

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
A sense of professional identity
Authors: Rooke Justine
Published: February 2015

Being named a Fellow of the iHV has helped Justine Rooke cement her ideas about who health visitors are and what they do, and feel confident in communicating this to others.
A journey of empowerment: Interventions from Family Links
Authors: Allan Gail
Published: February 2015

National charity Family Links trains health, social and early years professionals to facilitate parenting programmes across the UK. The antenatal Welcome to the World programme supports parents during pregnancy and the transition to parenthood.
SICS Tunnel Construction with Oblique Limbal Stab Incision and its Effectiveness in Self-Sealing, Nucleus Delivery and Astigmatism - Minimal Duration Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sharma Ram Lal , Mahajan Deepti , Sharma Kamlesh
Published: February 2015

Manual small incision cataract surgery SICS is very versatile surgery as it is easily modifiable, needs minimal instruments, no equipment dependence, can be performed quickly and at very low cost. The technique can be further simplified by constructing a limbo-corneal tunnel with controlled stab incision obliquely at the posterior limbus without superior rectus stitch, conjunctival flap or cautery. It reduces the overall surgical time to 9-12 minutes by eliminating many avoidable surgical steps and related complications. The technique has the advantages of both the approaches (scleral tunnel for SICS and corneal pocket for phaco) with comparable induced astigmatism than superior incision and better AC manipulations. Limbal incisions heal faster and resist more deformation pressure than cornea. The technique is comfortable to perform and visual outcome is equally good.
Worn clothes and textiles as archives of memory
Authors: Hunt Carole
Published: February 2015

The subject of this article is memory, specifically, the capacity of textiles to retain and communicate memory, both privately and publicly. I argue that cloth can be regarded as a form of archival information and as a carrier of knowledge. My questions centre on the value of textiles in our lives and on the role of textiles in the process of recollection, as well as the extent to which textiles can stimulate remembering, not through the strategic mnemonics of national monuments and events, or the mnemonic device of the souvenir, but rather through unplanned encounters with textiles in their various guises and in different contexts. Each attempt at recollection may reveal historical, cultural, and personal data. The themes of ‘archiving’ memory and ‘materializing’ memory are explored through an analysis of works of artists who use textile media in their visual practice and writers who include their memories of textiles in their works. I use ‘Miniature’ and ‘Gigantic’ as a critical tool to distinguish between two areas of analysis: the private and public within an interdisciplinary approach, combining the study of memory with philosophy, literature, history, material culture and visual studies.
Bernhard Willhelm: The contemporary and sartorial remembrance
Authors: Lau Charlene K.
Published: February 2015

This article employs the theoretical framework of contemporaneity to investigate the practice of German avant-garde fashion designer Bernhard Willhelm. Political philosopher Giorgio Agamben and art historian Terry Smith’s theorizations on the contemporary are examined alongside fashion theorist Ulrich Lehmann’s reading of Walter Benjamin’s concepts of Tigersprung (a tiger’s leap) and Jetztzeit (now-time). Heterogeneity, disjunction and non-linear historical time are concepts manifested through sartorial remembrance in contemporary fashion. To illustrate these ideas, this study focuses on Willhelm’s articulation of contemporaneity through the quotation of folk dress, cross-cultural borrowing and decontextualization. In so doing, a concept of history can be derived, whereby multiple narratives exist simultaneously, merging past, present and future.
Exhibition Review
Authors: Tseëlon Efrat
Published: February 2015

Sofie Berzon MacKie, ‘The House’, 26 December 2014–17 January 2015, Be’eri Gallery, Israel

The paper features an exhibition which recreates the artist’s nostalgic portrayal of her childhood home through a series of photographic images. The artist realizes her project by focusing on impressionistic domestic interior black and white images, together with sharp coloured close-up images of specific everyday objects. The paper shows how deploying light, colour and mirrors which invoke a range of artistic styles drawn from traditions of painting and photography, combines to capture the memory of ‘home’ that the house preserves.
SVG v kartografii
Authors: Čerba Otakar
Published: February 2015

V červenci 2005 se ve španělském městě A Coruña konala dvacátá druhá Mezinárodní kartografická konference. Ve svém příspěvku definoval předseda Komise pro mapy a internet Mezinárodní kartografické asociace (Commission on Maps and the Internet, International Cartographic Association / Association Cartographique Internationale) Prof. Michael P. Peterson čtyři základní směry, kterými by se měl ubírat výzkum v oblasti digitální kartografie v prostředí internetu:
Internet Map Use,Internet Map Delivery,Internet Multimedia Mapping,Internet Mobile Mapping.
Cílem tohoto příspěvku je ukázat SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) jako pravoplatného člena rodiny technologií pro tvorbu digitálních map, konkrétně pro tzv. Internet Mapping. Jednotlivé části se věnují představení SVG, možnostem využívání SVG v současné kartografii s přihlédnutím k bodům z výše uvedeného seznamu, přednostem a nedostatkům současné verze SVG a také různého aplikakčního software. Článek také obsahuje výčet možností tvorby map ve formátu SVG, včetně jejich stručného zhodnocení.
Prostorové rozhraní informačního systému malé obce řešené v Open Source Software
Authors: Jedlička Karel , Orálek Jakub
Published: February 2015

Příspěvek si klade za cíl představit možnosti open source software pro implementaci prostorového rozhraní informačního systému malé obce.Zabývá se návrhem projektu po jednotlivých částech: identifikace požadavků zastupitelského úřadu (uživatele systému), popis obecné architektury systému a volba vhodných (nekomerčních) technologií pro jeho implementaci. Součástí projektu je i popis vyvinuté technologie pro import nejdůležitějších datových vrstev (informací o vlastnictví) do systému.Článek je doplněn výčtem využitelných datových zdrojů pro informační systém malé obce v České republice.
Java v Open Source GIS - Geotools, Geoserver, uDig
Authors: Ježek Jan
Published: February 2015

Java v Open Source GIS - Geotools, Geoserver, uDig
Správa výukových kurzů v systému Moodle
Authors: Soukup Petr
Published: February 2015

Správa výukových kurzů v systému Moodle
Applications of the Galileo System in Civil Engineering
Authors: Mervart Leoš
Published: February 2015

Research plan MSM 6840770032
Trends in Geoinformatics Education
Authors: Potůčková Markéta
Published: February 2015

Trends in Geoinformatics Education
Implementation of a General Web Application Program Interface for Geoinformatics
Authors: Pytel Jan
Published: February 2015

C++ language was used for creating web applications at the department of Mapping and Cartography for many years. Plenty of projects started to be very large-scale and complicated to maintain. Consequently, the traditional way of adding functionality to a Web Server which previously has been used (CGI programs) started being usefulness. I was looking for some solutions - particularly open source ones. I have tried many languages (solutions) and finally I chose the Java language and started writing servlets. Using the Java language (servlets) has significantly simplified the development of web applications. As a result, developing cycle was cut down. Because of Java JNI (Java Native Interface) it is still possible to use C++ libraries which we are using. The main goal of this article is to share my practical experiences with rewriting typical CGI web application and creating complex geoinformatic web application.
PostGIS pro vývojáře
Authors: Stěhule Pavel
Published: February 2015

Systémy GIS první generace ukládaly svá data do souborů v proprietárních formátech. Další generace těchto systémů dokázaly spolupracovat s databázemi (zejména čerpat data s databází). Soudobé GIS systémy se již zcela spoléhají na databáze. Tyto požadavky GIS systémů musely reflektovat databázové systémy. Nejstarší SQL systémy vůbec s prostorovými daty nepočítaly.
Otevřený katastr - svobodné internetové řešení pro prohlížení dat výměnného formátu katastru nemovitostí
Authors: Jedlička Karel , Ježek Jan , Petrák Jiří
Published: February 2015

Otevřený katastr je projekt s cílem vytvoření svobodného rozhraní pro přístup k datům katastru nemovitostí. Jeho realizace spočívá v tvorbě několika nástrojů, které jsou šířeny pod licencí GNU/GPL. První sada nástrojů umožňuje importovat data z Výměnného formátu katastru nemovitostí ČR (VF ISKN) do prostorové databáze PostGIS. Další nástroje slouží pro publikaci dat katastru nemovitostí v prostředí internetu pomocí UMN MapServeru. Pro další podporu vývoje nástrojů je připravováno nasazení nástroje Subversion.