bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Profiling & Proximate Analysis of Developed Vegan Honey Tender Bamboo Shoots Murabba
Authors: Devi Koushki , Singh Neetu , Nanda Alka
Published: June 2023

The nutritional value of plant-based foods, which account for a substantial portion of the diet, is crucial in determining how well all humans grow and develop. The main components of the food are proximate principles, sometimes known as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; minerals and vitamins make up a very small portion of the diet. The relative concentrations of various ingredients, such as proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, define the quality of food. Data about the sample's quality, such as the quantity of moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon, are usefully obtained via proximate analysis in plants. Because bamboo shoots have such important health benefits, the current study concentrated on using them to produce items. The aim was to produce the highest-quality desserts using less expensive ingredients while maintaining a high nutritional profile. The bamboo shoot had relatively highfibre content (24.44%), protein content (3.26%), and a low-fat content (1.46%), energy (244.01 kcal), ash(1.50), and moisture (18.11%) according to its approximate composition. Bamboo murabba Similar mean values for T1 were discovered to have 3.25% protein and 2.48% fibre, followed by mean values for T5 with 3.39% protein and 1.97%fibre. Means for fat percentage were found to be non-significantly different across all treatments. All treatments had a considerable impact on physical traits like thickness, width, and spread factor. The spread factor of the murabba was noticeably reduced as the amount of vegan honey tender bamboo shoots murabba increased. Bamboo shoots, a cheap and easily accessible source, present a fascinating new potential component as a food element, particularly in murabba. When mixed with vegan honey, cinnamon powder, cardamom powder, water, jaggery, lemon, and ginger, physical traits demonstrated characteristics. The sensory analysis conducted for this inquiry demonstrates that the vegan honey tender bamboo shoots murabba was determined to be acceptable.
Effect of Establishment Method and Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Yield and Quality of Finger Millet
Authors: Bandita S. , Tripathy S. , Bastia D. K. , Jena S. N. , Panda N. , Sahoo S.
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons in 2020 and 2021 at Agronomy Main Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar to study the effect of establishment method and organic nutrient management on yield and quality parameters of finger millet. (Variety Arjuna). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of 2 methods of crop establishment viz. conventional method of line transplanting (20 cm x 10 cm) and system of finger millet intensification (25 cm X 25 cm ) in the main plot with the application of 4 organic nutrient sources viz. FYM @ 100% RDN, FYM @ 50% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50% RDN (basal), FYM @ 50% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50% RDN (top dressing) and FYM @ 25% RDN (basal) + toria oil cake @ 25% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (topdressing) allotted to sub plot in finger millet during Kharif season. SFMI method of establishment resulted in superior grain yield (2051 kg ha-1), straw yield (2901 kg ha-1), harvest index (41.42%) and quality parameters of finger millet grains viz. protein (7.56%), crude fibre (3.6 g 100-1), vitamin E (0.14 mg 100 g-1), Ca (344.1 mg 100g-1), Mg (164.3 mg 100 g-1), Fe (4.86 mg 100g-1), Zn (3.71 mg 100g-1) content than line transplanting. The grain yield (2092 kg ha-1), straw yield (2889 kg ha-1) , harvest index (42.00 %) and quality parameters of finger millet grains viz. protein (7.91%), crude fibre (3.9 g 100g-1), vitamin E (0.16 mg 100 g-1), Ca (346.7 mg 100g-1), Mg (176.4 mg 100 g-1), Fe (4.94 mg 100g-1), Zn (3.98 mg100g-1) content was higher with the application of FYM @ 50% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (top dressing) in finger millet and was statistically similar with the application of FYM @ 25% RDN (basal) + toria oil cake @ 25% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (top dressing). The benefit-cost ratio was higher in SFMI and with the application of FYM @ 50% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (top dressing) to finger millet. The interaction of establishment methods with organic nutrient management was significant please add the result of this part.
Impact of Front-Line Demonstration on Pulses Productivity and Profitability in Farmers Fields
Authors: Borde S. A. , Rajput U. U. , Zanzad R. V. , Gawande P. P. , Rathod T. H.
Published: June 2023

Front-Line Demonstration (FLD) is a long-term educational activity carried out systematically by agricultural experts in the field of farmers to demonstrate the value of new practices/technologies in the micro-agriculture situation. The aim of the FLD was to demonstrate improved pulses technologies for production potential. Improved technologies include the use of improved varieties, seed treatment with Rhizobium and PSB culture, sowing methods, balanced fertilizer application and improved pest control techniques. The results of pulses harvested crop in 2021-2022 showed that improved varieties with improved practice packages recorded a higher yield compared to farmers’ practices. The improved technologies saw yield increases of 26.33 %, 24.63 %, 23.41 % and 22.83 % yield increase over farmer practices in green gram, chick pea, pigeon pea and black gram respectively. The average percentage yield increased by 24.30 % over farmers’ practices. The mean technological yield gap was highest for chickpea (3.47 q/ha), followed by pigeon pea (1.36 q/ha), green gram (1.34 q/ha) and black gram (1.26 q/ha). The maximum mean extension yield gap in the study was recorded in pigeon pea at 11.83 q/ha followed by black gram (5.22 q/ha) and green gram (3.57 q/ha), while the lowest extension yield gap was observed in chickpea (2.44 q/ha). The technology index varied between 7.16 and 17.35% while the lowest (7.16) was recorded for pigeon pea. The highest gross return (Rs. 81,654/ha), net return (Rs. 56,370/ha) and benefit-to-cost ratio (3.23) was recorded with chickpea demonstration followed by Black gram and green gram while lowest gross return (Rs. 44,848/ha), net return (Rs.24,634 /ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.22), which was markedly higher than gross return (Rs. 36,342/ha), net return (Rs.16,430/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.83) in farmers practice. The improved technologies yielded a higher gross return and, net return with a higher benefit-to-cost ratio than farmers’ practices.
Comparative Performances of Improved Poultry Varieties under Backyard Rearing System in Dhemaji District of Assam
Authors: Saikia Ashim Kumar , Gogoi Gunjan , Pathak Prajwalita , Neog Manoranjan , Pathak Prasanna Kumar , Islam Rafiqul
Published: June 2023

Productive and reproductive performances in terms of body weight, age at first egg, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability and mortality of Vanaraja, Rainbow Rooster, Kamruapa and Desi chicken of Assam were studied under traditional backyard system of rearing. The Vanaraja, Rainbow Rooster and Kamruapa birds were given to rear under the frontline demonstration programmes of the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhemaji to the women farmers of the district during 2020-21. The data on bird weights at different ages, egg weights, fertility, hatchability as well as mortality were collected and recorded and compared among the varieties. The data recorded from the study were analyzed as per standard statistical methods. The overall mean body weights were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in all the improved varieties than Desi chicken at different ages. There is also significant (P < 0.05) difference of age at first egg among Vanaraja (182.05±5.52 days), Rainbow Rooster (175.08±6.13 days), Kamruapa (163.06±5.52 days) and Desi chicken (203.31±3.31 days). The mean egg production values up to 32, 40, 52 and 72 weeks of age in the demonstrated varieties were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the corresponding values of Desi birds. The mean egg weights of Vanaraja, Rainbow Rooster, Kamruapa at 32, 40 and 52 weeks of age were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Desi birds. However, no significant difference was observed in mortality rates among the four groups at different ages. There was also no significant (P < 0.05) difference in fertility and hatchability percent among the four genetic groups. It is concluded that Vanaraja, Rainbow Rooster and Kamruapa birds are adapted well under traditional backyard rearing system in agro-climatic conditions of Dhemaji district of Assam with adequate economic advantages over the Indigenous birds.
A Review: Combination of Fungicide, Polymer Coating and Packaging Materials on Improve Germination Rate and Improve Uniformity of Seedling Emergence of Different Seeds during Storage
Authors: Mishra S. N. , Singh Shraddha , Para P. K. , Sharma Lakki , Bhandari V. V. Singh
Published: June 2023

Seed coating is a method of encasing seeds in adhesive materials to improve germination and performance while lowering cost. Seed coating has been widely used in agriculture as an efficient way to reduce biotic and abiotic stressors, hence boosting crop growth, productivity, and health, in order to satisfy the demands of the development of precision agriculture. Plant-beneficial microorganisms include Trichoderma, rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusfungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Fungicide seed treatment is easy, affordable, and efficient. Additionally, it is well known that the selection of chemicals for seed treatment also has a favourable impact on seed viability and vigour during germination storage. Seed coating polymers are utilised in conjunction with active components like fungicides and insecticides. A new era of biocontrol techniques has recently begun. By utilising hostile microbes to fight seed-borne illnesses, new technology is being developed. Beneficial fungus like Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride are among the bioagents  most powerful and efficient fungus- and soil-borne pathogen suppressants such as seedling blight, collar rot, stem rot, root rot, dry root rot, and their use may can effectively manage each of these illnesses, and thus encourage crop growth and yield.
In-vitro Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Combined Nutmeg, Aloe Vera and Neem as an Intracanal Medicament with Calcium Hydroxide on Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Chaudhary Chinmaya , Baviskar Mansi , Naik Shilpa Shetty , Kodical Sanjana , Sharma Rachna , Dave Mukti , Shaikh Nasheet
Published: June 2023

Background: Ideal requirement of an intracanal medicament is that it should have an antibacterial action for the success of endodontic procedures. The "golden standard" intracanal medication is calcium hydroxide, but it still has drawbacks like internal root resorption. The search for an ideal intracanal medication that works well is an ongoing process that is still unsuccessful. In this pilot study, we attempted to search for new materials by drawing motivation from the earlier time. Ayurveda, started in India 3000 years back. Since many herbal products have demonstrated antibacterial, antiseptic, and analgesic properties, there has been renewed interest in them in recent years.

Aim: To compare in-vitro, the antibacterial efficacy of a combination of herbal extracts i.e nutmeg + aloe vera, nutmeg + neem and nutmeg + distilled water with calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and Methods: The ATCC strain 29212 of the bacterium E. faecalis was used in the study. Mueller Hinton agar plate was vaccinated with E. faecalis. The herbal extract mixtures were pipetted into the agar wells on this agar plate, which had four wells with diameters ranging from 8 to 10 millimeters. After using calcium hydroxide as a control, which is the gold standard for intracanal medication, the plate was incubated. The width of the restraint zones around every one of the wells were estimated physically after hatching for 48 hrs.

Results: The highest zone of inhibition was seen around the wells containing Nutmeg and its combinations. Nutmeg showed better antibacterial efficacy when compared to calcium hydroxide.

Conclusion: Nutmeg shows promising results for its use as an antibacterial intracanal medicament.
Measuring the Impact of Structural Imbalances on Managing Government Spending in Iraq During the Period (2005-2020)
Authors: Khairullah Bilal. Noori
Published: June 2023

The problem of structural imbalances in the Iraqi economy is one of the most important problems facing the oil-producing countries, and this problem moved from the oil sector to other sectors because of the duplication of the economy. The researchers point out that structural imbalances are integrated with government spending during the long term, and can be exploited to rationalize government spending and diversify sources of income in the Iraqi economy. Fiscal policy, especially government spending, is affected by structural imbalances in the structure of the Iraqi economy. Private and support products in which Iraq can achieve an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage to reduce the degree of structural imbalance.
Private Actions to Protect Medicaid Live to See Another Day
Authors: Huberfeld Nicole
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the recently decided Supreme Court Talevski lawsuit that affirmed that private parties can enforce federal Medicaid law against noncompliant states.
State- and County-Level Geographic Variation in Opioid Use Disorder, Medication Treatment, and Opioid-Related Overdose Among Medicaid Enrollees
Authors: Lindner Stephan R. , Hart Kyle , Manibusan Brynna , McCarty Dennis , McConnell K. John
Published: June 2023

Importance

The opioid crisis disproportionately affects Medicaid enrollees, yet little systematic evidence exists regarding how prevalence of and health care utilization for opioid use disorder (OUD) vary across geographical areas.

Objectives

To characterize state- and county-level variation in claims-based prevalence of OUD and rates of medication treatment for OUD and OUD-related nonfatal overdose among Medicaid enrollees.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. Participants were Medicaid enrollees with or without OUD in 46 states; Washington, DC; and Puerto Rico who were aged 18 to 64 years and not dually enrolled in Medicare. The analysis was conducted between September 2022 and April 2023.

Exposure

Calendar-year OUD prevalence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were claims-based measures of OUD prevalence and rates of medication treatment for OUD and opioid-related nonfatal overdose. Individual records were aggregated at the state and county level, and variation was assessed within and across states.

Results

Of the 76 390 817 Medicaid enrollee-year observations included in our study (mean [SD] enrollee age, 36.5 [1.6] years; 59.0% female), 2 280 272 (3.0%) had a claims-based OUD (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [3.6] years; 51.4% female). Of enrollees with OUD, 41.2% were eligible due to Medicaid expansion, 46.4% had other substance use disorders, 55.8% had mental health conditions, 55.2% had claims indicating some form of OUD medication, and 5.8% had claims indicating an overdose during a calendar year. Claims-based outcomes exhibited substantial variation across states: OUD prevalence ranged from 0.6% in Arkansas and Puerto Rico to 9.7% in Maryland, rates of OUD medication treatment ranged from 17.7% in Kansas to 82.8% in Maine, and rates of overdose ranged from 0.3% in Mississippi to 10.5% in Illinois. Pronounced variation was also found within states (eg, OUD prevalence in Maryland ranged from 2.2% in Prince George’s County to 21.6% in Cecil County).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of Medicaid enrollees from 2016 to 2018, claims-based prevalence of OUD and rates of OUD medication treatment and opioid-related overdose varied substantially across and within states. Further research appears to be needed to identify important factors influencing this variation.
Changes in Self-Reported Adult Health and Household Food Security With the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit Monthly Payments
Authors: Rook Jordan M. , Yama Cecile L. , Schickedanz Adam B. , Feuerbach Alec M. , Lee Steven L. , Wisk Lauren E.
Published: June 2023

Importance

The 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit (ECTC) provided families with children monthly payments from July 2021 to December 2021. The association of this policy with adult health is understudied.

Objective

To examine changes in adult self-reported health and household food security before and during ECTC monthly payments.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This repeated cross-sectional study used multivariable regression with a difference-in-differences estimator to assess adult health and food security for 39 479 respondents to the National Health Interview Survey (January 2019 to December 2021) before vs during monthly payments. Analyses were stratified by income to focus on low-income vs middle-income and upper-income households.

Exposure

Eligibility for ECTC monthly payments from July 2021 to December 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall self-reported adult health and household food security as binary outcomes (excellent or very good health vs good, fair, or poor health; food secure vs food insecure).

Results

In this nationally representative cross-sectional study of 39 479 US adults (mean [SD] age, 41.0 [13.0] years; 7234 [21.7%] Hispanic, 321 [0.9%] non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 2205 [5.7%] non-Hispanic Asian, 5113 [13.7%] non-Hispanic Black, and 23 704 [55.8%] White individuals), respondents were predominantly female (21 511 [52.4%]), employed (33 035 [86.7%]), and married (19 838 [55.7%]). Before disbursement of ECTC monthly payments, 7633 ECTC-eligible adults (60.1%) reported excellent or very good health, and 10 950 (87.8%) reported having food security. Among ECTC-ineligible adults, 10 778 (54.9%) reported excellent or very good health and 17 839 (89.1%) reported food security. Following disbursement of monthly payments, ECTC-eligible adults experienced a 3.0 percentage point (pp) greater adjusted increase (95% CI, 0.2-5.7) in the probability of reporting excellent or very good health compared with ECTC-ineligible adults. Additionally, ECTC-eligible adults experienced a 1.9 pp greater adjusted increase (95% CI, 0.1-3.7) in the probability of food security than ECTC-ineligible adults. In income-stratified analyses, the association between ECTC eligibility and overall health was concentrated among middle-income and upper-income households (3.7-pp increase in excellent or very good health; 95% CI, 0.5-6.9). Conversely, the association between ECTC eligibility and food security was concentrated among low-income adults (3.9-pp increase in food security; 95% CI, 0-7.9).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that monthly ECTC payments were associated with improved adult overall health and food security. Cash transfer programs may be effective tools in improving adult health and household nutrition.
Lifetime Burden of Psychological Symptoms, Disorders, and Suicide Due to Cancer in Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Years
Authors: Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin , Low Chen Ee , Yau Chun En , Li Jiaqi , Ho Roger , Ho Cyrus Su Hui
Published: June 2023

Importance

A cancer diagnosis and treatment may result in highly traumatic periods with lasting psychological consequences for children, adolescent, and young adult patients with cancer (CYACs). Early identification and management may prevent long-term psychological morbidity and suicide.

Objective

To analyze risk, severity, and risk factors for depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, and suicide in CYACs and noncancer comparators.

Data Sources

Literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed Central from January 1, 2000, to November 18, 2022.

Study Selection

Full-length articles in peer-reviewed journals that measured and reported risk and/or severity of depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, and suicide mortality in CYACs and a noncancer comparator group.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed with prospective PROSPERO registration.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Risk ratios (RRs) were used for dichotomous outcomes, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used for continuous outcomes. SMDs were defined as follows: 0.2, small; 0.5, medium; and 0.8, large. Sources of heterogeneity and risk factors were investigated using sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses.

Results

From 7319 records, 52 studies were included. Meta-analyses revealed that CYACs were at increased lifetime risk of severe symptoms or a disorder of depression (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29-1.92), anxiety (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47), and psychotic disorders (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.36-1.80) relative to both matched controls and their siblings. Overall suicide mortality was not significantly elevated (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.78-3.40). The mean severity of depression was found to be elevated in CYACs receiving treatment (SMD, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.13-0.74) and long-term survivors (SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02-0.33). The mean severity of anxiety was found to be elevated only during treatment (SMD, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.20).

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that CYACs may experience lasting psychological burden long into survivorship. Timely identification, preventive efforts, and psycho-oncological intervention for psychological comorbidity are recommended.
Restore or rewild? Implementing complementary approaches to bend the curve on biodiversity loss
Authors: Pettorelli Nathalie , Bullock James M.
Published: June 2023

Restoration and rewilding are both relevant conservation approaches to addressing the current nature, health and climate crises. Here, we discuss the benefits of integrating restoration and rewilding in conservation projects.

We highlight how such integration could increase the amount of space available for nature recovery; boost knowledge exchange and raise nature recovery ambitions; enhance landscape heterogeneity and dynamics and improve large‐scale connectivity.

In particular, the two approaches may be deployed to exploit synergisms. We argue that developing a portfolio of integrated approaches that capitalise on the strengths of both restoration and rewilding and target different scales and socio‐ecological contexts is the best way to jointly address the biodiversity and climate crises.

We call for major policy platforms and international funding agencies to support the emergence of infrastructures and frameworks that facilitate the coordination and integration of the restoration and rewilding agendas. Such a step would benefit biodiversity and support broader efforts to integrate different conservation strategies into whole landscape approaches.
Dosimetric comparison and evaluation of two computational algorithms in VMAT treatment plans
Authors: Tsimpoukelli Maria , Patatoukas George , Chalkia Marina , Kollaros Nikolaos , Kougioumtzopoulou Andromachi , Michaletou Dimitra , Kouloulias Vassilis , Platoni Kalliopi
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the accuracy and dosimetric impact of the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm compared to the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) in two situations. First, simple phantom geometries were set and analyzed; moreover, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) clinical plans for Head & Neck and lung cases were calculated and compared.

Methods

First, a phantom study was performed to compare the algorithms with radiochromic EBT3 film doses using one PMMA slab phantom and two others containing foam or air gap. Subsequently, a clinical study was conducted, including 20 Head & Neck and 15 lung cases irradiated with the VMAT technique. The treatment plans calculated by AXB and AAA were evaluated in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage (V95%), dose received by relevant organs at risk (OARs), and the impact of using AXB with a grid size of 1 mm. Finally, patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) was performed and compared for 17 treatment plans.

Results

Phantom dose calculations showed a better agreement of AXB with the film measurements. In the clinical study, AXB plans exhibited lower Conformity Index and PTV V95%, higher maximum PTV dose, and lower mean and minimum PTV doses for all anatomical sites. The most notable differences were detected in regions of intense heterogeneity. AXB predicted lower doses for the OARs, while the calculation time with a grid size of 1 mm was remarkably higher. Regarding PSQA, although AAA was found to exhibit slightly higher gamma passing rates, the difference did not affect the AXB treatment plan quality.

Conclusions

AXB demonstrated higher accuracy than AAA in dose calculations of both phantom and clinical conditions, specifically in interface regions, making it suitable for sites with large heterogeneities. Hence, such dosimetric differences between the two algorithms should always be considered in clinical practice.
Patient‐specific geometrical distortion corrections of MRI images improve dosimetric planning accuracy of vestibular schwannoma treated with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Safari Mojtaba , Fatemi Ali , Afkham Younes , Archambault Louis
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To investigate the impact of MRI patient‐specific geometrical distortion (PSD) on the quality of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GK‐SRS) plans of the vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumors.

Methods and materials

Three open access datasets including the MPI‐Leipzig Mind‐Brain‐Body (318 patients), the slow event‐related fMRI designs dataset (62 patients), and the VS dataset (242 patients) were used. We used first two datasets to train a 3D convolution network to predict the distortion map of third dataset that were then used to calculate and correct the PSD. GK‐SRS plans of VS dataset were used to evaluate dose distribution of PSD‐corrected MRI images. GK‐SRS prescription dose of VS cases was 12 Gy. Geometric and dosimetric discrepancies were assessed between the dose distributions and contours before and after the PSD corrections. Geometry indices were center of the contours, Dice coefficient (DC), Hausdorff distance (HD), and dosimetric indices were , , , and doses, target coverage (TC), Paddick's conformity index (PCI), Paddick's gradient index (GI), and homogeneity index (HI).

Results

Geometric distortions of about 1.2 mm were observed at the air‐tissue interfaces at the air canal and nasal cavity borders. Average center of the targets was significantly distorted along the frequency encoding direction after the PSD‐correction. Average DC and HD metrics were 0.90 and 2.13 mm. Average , and in Gy significantly increased after PSD correction from 16.85 to 17.25, 12.30 to 12.77, and from 8.98 to 9.92. did not significantly change after the correction. Average TC and PCI significantly increased from 0.97 to 0.98, and 0.94 to 0.96. Average GI decreased significantly from 2.24 to 2.15 after PSD correction. However, HI did not significantly change after the correction.

Conclusion

The proposed method could predict and correct the PSD that indicates the importance of PSD correction before GK‐SRS plans of the VS patients.
Paste Development for an Optimized Filament Stretching Effect during Parallel Dispensing on Transparent Conductive Oxide Layers for Solar Cell Metallization
Authors: Gensowski Katharina , Palme Melanie , Langhof Ivy , Akyüz Resul , Auerbach Simon , Tepner Sebastian , Clement Florian
Published: June 2023

The availability of silver as an electrically conductive filler material in printing pastes for solar cell metallization is becoming a more crucial issue for multiterawatt‐scale production due to its global constraints. Therefore, the silver consumption for solar cell production needs to be reduced drastically by substituting silver with alternative conductive filler materials or utilizing process‐specific phenomena. The phenomenon of filament stretching during microextrusion allows significantly lower paste laydowns. The magnitude of filament stretching is paste‐dependent and therefore further knowledge of the pastes’ impact to the filament stretching is required. This study presents nine low‐temperature curing pastes differing in the particle system and binder resin. The rheological and thermal behavior of these suspensions are investigated and printing tests onto silicon heterojunction (SHJ) precursors are carried out. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐based microstructure analyses of printed electrodes are performed. Based on these experimental results, the impact of paste compositions regarding the paste behavior during microextrusion and the SHJ solar cell performances are analyzed. The developed paste formulations exhibit a strong filament stretching, leading to a reduced silver laydown of down to ΔmAg = −60%rel.and an absolute efficiency gain of up to Δη = +0.75%abs.due to less shading losses.
Novel Linear, Piezoresistive, Auxetic Sensors Coated by AAA Battery Active Carbons with Supreme Sensitivity for Human Body Movement Detection
Authors: Taherkhani Bahman , Bodaghi Mahdi , Rahmani Sahar , Mesgari Foad
Published: June 2023

Herein, a novel strategy for creating low‐cost, sustainable, piezoresistive auxetic sensors using the active carbon in consumed AAA batteries, promoting a circular economy, is presented. An auxetic structure with a fixed Poisson's ratio during the strain is designed for sensing. The sensor substrate is silicone RTV2, and the sensing element is the active carbon in AAA batteries chopped to microscale particles using an ultrasonic wave. The sensor mold is designed using Solidworks software and produced using a computer numerical control device and EdgeCam2014 software. The coating process is performed by spraying the prepared particles on the molded auxetic structure and putting the coated auxetic structure under ultraviolet ray to prepare the final sensor. Sensitivity tests are performed, and the results show that the proposed sensor has a better sensitivity of about 1000% and 410% than the previous mixed and layered composite auxetic counterparts. The proposed sensor has linear sensitivity during the strain (estimated with a line with a slope of 0.64) while previous ones have a nonlinear performance (estimated at least with two lines). The sustainable sensor is implemented to detect the movements of the human body, including the movements of the wrist, finger, elbow, and forearm.
The Outstanding Contribution of Basal Slip in Substructure Development during Friction Stir Processing of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Tahaghoghi Mehrad , Zarei-Hanzaki Abbas , Mirshekari Behnam , Moshiri Ali , Jaskari Matias , Karjalainen L. Pentti , Abedi Hamid Reza
Published: June 2023

This research reveals the critical role of basal slip in the substructure development during friction stir processing of a magnesium alloy. In this respect, the intragranular lattice rotation axes are considered to identify the activity of different slip systems. The applied shear strain during the procedure is stored in the matrix through slip‐induced rotations at the grain level. The rotations around distinct Taylor axes produce “slip domains” separated by necessary boundaries from the parent grains, significantly contributing in grain refinement. The basal slip is easily activated in grains holding different stored energy; however, the nonbasal slip has a higher dependency on the amount of local applied strain. Determining the contribution of different slip systems in strain accommodation reveals that the basal slip imposes the highest fraction of low‐angle boundaries into the microstructure leading to the development of the ultimate grain boundary structure.
Effect of Mn‐Bearing Dispersoids on Tensile Properties and Recrystallization Resistance of Al‐3Mg‐0.8Mn Rolled Alloy
Authors: Algendy Ahmed Y. , Liu Kun , Chen X.-Grant
Published: June 2023

Herein, the precipitation behavior of Mn‐bearing dispersoids in Al‐3Mg‐0.8Mn (AA5454) alloy subjected to different heat treatments is investigated. The effects of Mn‐bearing dispersoids on the tensile properties and recrystallization resistance of the abovementioned alloy during hot/cold rolling and postrolling annealing are evaluated. The results show that a low‐temperature three‐step heat treatment (275 °C/12 h + 375 °C/48 h + 425 °C/12 h) generates a higher number density of Mn‐bearing dispersoids with finer sizes compared with the typical high‐temperature heat treatment (430 °C/2 h + 480 °C/2 h + 525 °C/2 h), thus resulting in significantly improved tensile strengths of hot/cold‐rolled sheets. After annealing at 300 °C, the yield strength (YS) of the alloy reached 196 MPa after hot rolling and 237 MPa after cold rolling, showing an improvement of 30%–32% over samples subjected to high‐temperature heat treatment. In addition, the low‐temperature heat treatment provides a higher recrystallization resistance after hot and cold rolling owing to the higher number density of Mn‐bearing dispersoids and the lower fraction of dispersoid‐free zones. The YS contributions of various strengthening components after hot and cold rolling are discussed based on constitutive models. The predicted yield strengths agree well with the experimental values.
PEDOT:PSS‐CNT Composite Particles Overcome Contact Resistances in Slurry Electrodes for Flow‐Electrode Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Rauer Sebastian Bernhard , Wang Siqi , Köller Niklas , Bell Daniel Josef , Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Xuejiao , Linnartz Christian J. , Wessling Matthias , Linkhorst John
Published: June 2023

Activated carbon (AC) particles constitute the current material of choice concerning the preparation of flow electrodes for flow‐electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI). They are inexpensive, mass‐producible, highly conductive, and exhibit a large specific surface area for ion adsorption. However, despite recent advances concerning the modification of AC slurries, their density, and hydrophobicity still constitute major challenges regarding particle aggregation, sedimentation, and pumpability, restricting their particle load to approximately 25 wt.%. Since the particle volume fraction directly correlates to the chance of particle contact, which dictates the charge transfer and hence the degree of flow electrode utilization, the development of AC‐based slurries seems to stagnate. This study addresses these challenges by investigating poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)‐based suspensions as an alternative to conventional carbon‐based flow electrodes. The corresponding conductive hydrogel particles feature softness, internal porosity, low density, hydrophilicity, and a mass‐specific salt adsorption capacity that exceeds AC by up to ten times. FCDI experiments can reveal that, contrary to AC, the inherent properties of PEDOT:PSS‐based particles simplify the slurry preparation process and enable flow electrode circulation at significantly higher particle volume fractions. These results suggest that PEDOT:PSS‐based hydrogel particles are a promising candidate to overcome the percolation and contact‐related challenges of state‐of‐the‐art AC slurries.
Surface Deposition Induced Reduction of the Ground State Spin in Cr10 Wheel
Authors: Bartolomé Elena , Ferrari Ludovica , Sedona Francesco , Arauzo Ana , Rubín Javier , Luzón Javier , Herrero‐Albillos Julia , Panighel Mirco , Mugarza Aitor , Rancan Marzio , Sambi Mauro , Armelao Lidia , Bartolomé Juan , Bartolomé Fernando
Published: June 2023

We report the deposition of monolayers and multilayers of {Cr10(OMe)20(O2CCMe3)10} wheels, hereafter {Cr10}, onto Au(111) and Cu(111) single‐crystal substrates, and their characterization combining scanning tunneling microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray natural linear dichroism, and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). {Cr10} in bulk shows axial magnetic anisotropy and a cluster total spin S  =  9 ground state, stemming from an interaction scheme of two semi‐crowns containing four Cr3+ ions interacting ferromagnetically, separated by two Cr3+ antiferromagnetically coupled. The one‐monolayer (1ML) samples of {Cr10} sublimated on Ag(111) and Cu(111) show slightly different applied magnetic field dependence of XMCD signal. The field‐dependence of the magnetization evolves from a lower curve for the 1ML {Cr10} samples to a curve resembling the bulk one as the number of layers is increased, as shown in a 14ML sample. Monte Carlo simulations allow rationalizing the magnetization curves of the 1ML samples in terms of a reduction of the cluster ground‐state total spin, S  =  3 or S  =  6, as a consequence of variations in the intra‐wheel coupling interactions induced by the on‐surface deposition. The sensitivity of the magnetic configuration of {Cr10} to minor distortions of the intramolecular conformation might be exploited to control magnetism by external stimuli for applications.
Fluid Flow Control in Cotton Threads with Mesoporous Silica Coatings
Authors: Mikolei Joanna J. , Stanzel Mathias , Pardehkorram Raheleh , Lehn Robert , Ceolin Marcelo , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette
Published: June 2023

Microfluidic devices are important, e.g. in the field of point of care diagnostics. They are of special importance, if they are fabricated out of cheap and renewable materials. Tackling complex separation or sensing problems profits from modular three‐dimensional fluidic devices. Using cotton threads as renewable material allows the modular design of three‐dimensional fluidic devices and networks. Here, fluidic threads with modular designed and tunable thread wettability are presented. The wettability is gradually adjusted from highly hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The thread wettability directly affects the fluid imbibition velocity as well as the distance, which the fluid imbibes into the thread. The wettability adjustment is based on a simple dense or mesoporous silica coating applied onto the cotton thread using sol‐gel chemistry and evaporation induced self‐assembly. In addition to wettability, the mesoporosity and the pore functionalization are used to tune the fluid velocity within the thread. Connecting different silica functionalized threads into one device by knotting them together, fluids can be guided through this network in a predicted manner, which allows a modular design of 3D microfluidic thread‐based devices.
Recent Developments in Selenylation and Thiolation of Alkenes via Three‐component Reactions
Authors: Lu Liguo , Huang Dayun , Wang Zefeng , Wang Xingyong , Wu Xiangmei
Published: June 2023

Alkenes are valuable feedstocks in organic synthesis. Selenium or sulfur‐containing coumpounds with a neighboring functional group can be easily prepared by direct difunctionalization of alkenes via three‐component reactions. It will reduce the number of steps and waste generation, and form complicated molecules from simple starting materials. Herein, recent developments (2013–2022) have been summarized via two categories: (1) selenylation via seleniranium intermediates or Se‐centered radicals; (2) thiolation with more diverse mechanisms and products Reactions with electron‐rich arenes, alcohols, water, acids, NaN3, amines, KSCN, and sulfamides, TMSNCS, TMSN3, Et3N ⋅ 3HF, SOCl2, HCl, NFSI, tBuONO, pyridinium salts, tBuOOH, ArN2BF4, CO2, CO, O2, CF3SO2Cl, R2P(O)−H, (RO)2P(O)SH, (RO)2P(O)OH et al will be discussed. We hope this review will do help for future research in this area.
Stability of Cu(InxGa1−x)Se2 Solar Cells Utilizing RbF Postdeposition Treatment under a Sulfur Atmosphere
Authors: Wands Jake , Bothwell Alexandra , Tsoulka Polyxeni , Lepetit Thomas , Barreau Nicolas , Rockett Angus
Published: June 2023

Alkali halide postdeposition treatments (PDTs) have become a key tool to maximize efficiency in Cu(InxGa1−x)Se2 (CIGS) photovoltaics. RbF PDTs have emerged as an alternative to the more common Na‐ and K‐based techniques. This study utilizes temperature‐dependent current–voltage (JVT) measurements to study a unique RbF PDT performed in a S atmosphere. The samples are measured before and after 6 months in a desiccator to study device stability. Both samples contain Na and K which diffuse from the soda–lime glass substrate. A reference sample and a RbF + S PDT sample both show the development of a rear contact barrier after aging. The contact barrier is higher for the RbF + S PDT sample, leading to decreased current in forward bias. Series resistance is also higher in the RbF + S PDT device which leads to lower fill factor. However, after aging the reference sample has a larger decrease in open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Ideality factor measurements suggest Shockley–Read–Hall recombination dominates both samples. VOC versus temperature and a temperature‐dependent activation energy model are used to calculate diode activation energies for each sample condition. Both techniques produce similar values that indicate recombination primarily occurs within the bulk absorber.
Prevalence of preoperative asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing elective general surgery for benign disease
Authors: Hagiwara Ken , Watanabe Yutaka , Suzuki Takeki , Okamura Yukiyasu , Yamashita Hiroharu
Published: June 2023

Background

The systemic inflammatory response following surgery as well as that of malignant disease itself is associated with a hypercoagulable state, and thromboprophylaxis is thus recommended during postoperative management of cancer patients. However, limited information is available on the prevalence of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its risk factors in surgical candidates, especially those receiving operations for benign diseases.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study with data of all patients scheduled for elective general surgery between January 2011 and September 2020, undergoing lower extremity venous ultrasonography as preoperative screening for DVT. The prevalence of preoperative asymptomatic DVT was estimated and its associations with clinical variables were evaluated.

Results

Among 1512 patients included in the study, 161 (10.6%) had asymptomatic DVT before surgery. DVT prevalence was 13.7% in patients with malignant disease, while it was 8.6% in those with benign disease. The site of the thrombus was distal type in 141 (87.6%) patients, most commonly in the soleal vein. Advanced age (>70 years), female sex, and decreased hemoglobin level were significantly associated with preoperative asymptomatic DVT by multivariate analysis. The odds ratio for advanced age was the highest and rose as age increased. Malignant disease was not an independent risk factor for preoperative DVT.

Conclusion

This study showed the prevalence of asymptomatic DVT to be equal in patients with and without malignant disease undergoing elective general surgery. Preoperative DVT assessment is necessary regardless of the disease indicated for surgery, especially in patients with the risk factors identified in this study.
Ni single‐atom arrays as self‐supported electrocatalysts for CO2RR
Authors: Ma Zhanshuai , Zhang Tianyu , Lin Lili , Han Aijuan , Liu Junfeng
Published: June 2023

Developing highly active, selective, and stable electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is essential to relieve the greenhouse effect and the energy crisis. Traditional catalytic electrodes require ionomer binders, which inevitably impose undesired high CO2 transport resistance and block the active sites. Herein, Ni single atoms anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon nanoarrays (denoted as Ni‐SAC‐NA) were developed as the electrode without additional ionomers for efficient CO2RR. The unique nanoarray structure provided a higher specific surface area, more exposed active sites, and enhanced electron/mass transport due to its short diffusion pathway and ionomer‐free nature. As a result, the Ni‐SAC‐NA electrode exhibited enhanced activity of CO2RR and selectivity towards CO with Faradaic efficiency of 96.7%, turnover frequency of 27,504 h−1, and cathodic energy efficiencies of 54.9% at −0.88 V (vs. RHE). Our findings provide a rational design strategy for CO2RR electrocatalysts by constructing ionomer‐free electrodes.
Recent Advances in Electrically Driven Soft Actuators across Dimensional Scales from 2D to 3D
Authors: Li Dengfeng , Li Jian , Wu Pengcheng , Zhao Guangyao , Qu Qing'ao , Yu Xinge
Published: June 2023

Soft actuators have been an important research focus in robotics due to their advantages in nondestructive contact and excellent motion adaptability, which enable flexible manipulation, extreme environments exploration, and in vivo surgical treatment. Various soft robots actuated electrically, magnetically, optically, and fluidically are built toward different application scenarios. Among them, electrical actuation method is an advanced choice to actuate and control soft actuators that are expected to be compatible and integrated with existing industrial robotic systems and wearable intelligent devices. Current robotic systems have higher requirements on the actuators’ function, which can be explored through material and structural designs. Based on a variety of deformable materials, the structural design enables the soft actuators to span from low dimension to high dimension with further improvement in function. Therefore, in this review, 2D and 3D electrical‐based soft actuators from the perspective of dimension design are introduced, which involve functional materials, structure design, and fabrication technology. Some novel 3D fabrication methods, such as the 3D compressive buckling process, are summarized to build 3D soft robots. This review aims at offering important guidelines for the development of soft actuators and the construction of integrated robotic systems in the future.
Hierarchical Control and Learning of a Foraging CyberOctopus
Authors: Shih Chia-Hsien , Naughton Noel , Halder Udit , Chang Heng-Sheng , Kim Seung Hyun , Gillette Rhanor , Mehta Prashant G. , Gazzola Mattia
Published: June 2023

Inspired by the unique neurophysiology of the octopus, a hierarchical framework is proposed that simplifies the coordination of multiple soft arms by decomposing control into high‐level decision‐making, low‐level motor activation, and local reflexive behaviors via sensory feedback. When evaluated in the illustrative problem of a model octopus foraging for food, this hierarchical decomposition results in significant improvements relative to end‐to‐end methods. Performance is achieved through a mixed‐modes approach, whereby qualitatively different tasks are addressed via complementary control schemes. Herein, model‐free reinforcement learning is employed for high‐level decision‐making, while model‐based energy shaping takes care of arm‐level motor execution. To render the pairing computationally tenable, a novel neural network energy shaping (NN‐ES) controller is developed, achieving accurate motions with time‐to‐solutions 200 times faster than previous attempts. The hierarchical framework is then successfully deployed in increasingly challenging foraging scenarios, including an arena littered with obstacles in 3D space, demonstrating the viability of the approach.