bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study and refined numerical simulation of ultimate pressure-bearing performance of rope-reinforced airship envelope structures
Authors: Li Shiping , Chen Wujun , Chen Longlong , Song Yinbo , Hu Jianhui , Zhao Haitao , Zhang Daxu
Published: April 2024

Stratospheric airships require a lightweight envelope to contain lighter-than-air buoyancy gas, making the lightweight design and pressure-bearing performance of the envelope structure a key research issue. The stress state at different cross-sectional positions of the airship envelope structure is different, resulting in a low utilization rate of the overall material performance of the envelope structure. This paper proposes a design scheme for reinforcing envelope structures with sliding reinforcing cable to improve the bearing capacity of the composite fabric structure while reducing its weight, ultimately achieving the optimal strength-to-weight ratio. Two types of composite fabric structures (A-airship and B-airship) were subjected to inflatable burst tests, and the strain changes in the envelope gores were analyzed by digital image correlation. Through re-assembly of the broken composite fabric pieces and analysis of their tear textures, crack origination positions, failure causes, and the stress behavior and state at the failure position were identified. An envelope structural model with consideration of the cutting pattern effect was established, allowing the stress distribution of the envelope to be analyzed and the damage positions to be more accurately predicted. Based on the analysis of the ultimate pressure-bearing performance of an airship envelope structure, a novel idea of incorporating coupled tensile-shear stress into the strength criterion was proposed. Through the data in the study and existing references, it is verified that the strength criterion can accurately predict the ultimate pressure-bearing performance of the envelope structure.
Latina mothers in participatory action research: Insights and reflections of a mathematics co-design session tool
Authors: Beltrán-Grimm Susana
Published: April 2024

Co-design methods offer a powerful collaborative approach that allows for integrating various participants’ needs and expectations in the design process. However, current co-design tools often reflect a Eurocentric bias, limiting their utility in diverse settings. This article explores co-design methodologies and their application in a study with Spanish-speaking Latina mothers living in Southern California. I focus on co-design tools and processes, integrating culturally sustaining methods that respect and value the lived experiences of Latina mothers. Drawing from a qualitative phenomenological research approach and using in-depth interviews, the study underscores the mothers’ ways of knowing, highlighting personal math experiences and traditions in co-design sessions where the mothers sought to develop a math activity for their children. The article contributes to the literature on co-design methodologies to include culturally inclusive research tools and practices, emphasizing a co-design process that works “with” rather than “for” nondominant social groups.
Reconstruction Strategy for Upper Extremity Defects After Bone Tumor Resection Based on 3D Customized Bone Cement Mold
Authors: Ke Song , Zhang Bokai , He Yongqin , Zhou Yuanyuan , Hu Xu , Fan Yubo , Wang Min , Zhang Yuan , Wang Chao
Published: April 2024

Background

Reconstructing bone defects in the upper extremities and restoring their functions poses a significant challenge. In this study, we describe a novel workflow for designing and manufacturing customized bone cement molds using 3D printing technology to reconstruct upper extremity defects after bone tumor resection.

Methods

Computer tomography data was acquired from the unaffected upper extremities to create a detachable mold, which can be customized to fit the joint precisely by shaping the bone cement accordingly. Fourteen patients who underwent reconstructive surgery following bone tumor resection in the proximal humerus (13 cases) or distal radius (1 case) between January 2014 and December 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The medical records of this case series were reviewed for the demographic, radiological, and operative data. Metastasis, local recurrence, and complication were also reviewed. Additionally, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess clinical outcomes.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 49.36 ± 15.18 months (range, 27-82 months). At the end of follow-up, there were no cases of metastasis or recurrence, and patients did not experience complications such as infection, dislocation, or implant loosening. Two cases complicated with subluxation (14.3%), and 1 case underwent revision surgery for prosthetic fracture (7.1%). The average MSTS score was 23.2 ± 1.76 (77.4%, range, 66.7%-86.7%), and the postoperative VAS score was 1.86 ± 1.03 (range, 1-4), which was significantly lower than that before surgery (average preoperative VAS score was 5.21 ± 2.00 (range, 2-8)) ( P < .001).

Conclusion

Customized 3D molds can be utilized to shape bone cement prostheses, which may serve as a potential alternative for reconstructing the proximal humerus and distal radius following en bloc resection of bone tumors. This reconstruction strategy offers apparent advantages, including precise matching of articular surfaces and comparatively reduced costs.
Lifestyle Behaviors of Childhood and Adolescence: Contributing Factors, Health Consequences, and Potential Interventions
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Yasui Yuka , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Kato Yuka , Matsumoto Chisa , Teramoto Masayuki , Nosaka Saya , Kogirima Miho
Published: April 2024

In this narrative review, we summarized evidence from peer-reviewed articles, published before February 2024, that investigated lifestyle behaviors among children (≤12 years) and adolescents (13-18 years) representing different geographic descents. These behaviors included dietary patterns, screen time, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, oral hygiene, unsafe sex, and sleep duration and quality. We documented the significant impacts of parental, school, and sociodemographic factors on the adoption of numerous lifestyle behaviors in this age category. Several health consequences could be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors during childhood and adolescence. For example, poor dietary habits can lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Physical inactivity contributes to the development of musculoskeletal and psychological disorders. Excessive screen time is associated with visual acuity problems, poor sleep, and psychological and behavioral problems. Tobacco use poses a significant risk for severe respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Risky sexual behaviors are related to sexually transmitted infections and exposure to violence. Short sleep duration is associated with a lack of physical fitness and poor cognitive function. However, potential interventions, such as school-based health programs, community outreach initiatives, and national health policies and regulations, can improve lifestyle behaviors among children and adolescents.
Correlation between qualitative and semi-quantitative ultrasound assessment of diffuse fatty liver disease: A case-control study
Authors: Gbande Pihou , Tchaou Mazamaesso , Djoko Makamto Huguette Diane , Dagbe Massaga , Sonhaye Lantam , Agoda-Koussema Lama Kegdigoma , Adjenou Komlanvi
Published: April 2024

Objective:

To study the relationship between qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of diffuse liver steatosis in ultrasound.

Patients and Methods:

This was a case-control study, conducted in the Campus University Hospital Centre of Lome (Togo) over a 3-month period. It included 40 patients showing ultrasonographic signs of diffuse hepatic steatosis and 40 volunteers (healthy) whose echostructure and echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma were normal. The B-mode sonographic grade of steatosis was compared with the hepatorenal echogenicity gradient and the ultrasound attenuation coefficient.

Results:

The average body mass index in patients was 30.87 ± 4.65 kg/m2 versus 24.25 ± 4.30 kg/m2 in the healthy group (p < 0.00001). Hepatomegaly was observed in 57.5% of the patients versus 17.5% in the healthy group (p = 0.0005). The average hepatorenal echogenicity ratio was 1.18 ± 0.07 in patients versus 1.01 ± 0.03 in the healthy group (p < 0.00001). The average difference in hepatorenal echogenicity was 9.30 ± 3.41 dB in patients versus 1.52 ± 1.07 dB in the healthy group (p < 0.00001). The attenuation of ultrasound waves increased with the grade of steatosis, averaging 0.08 ± 0.23 dB/cm/MHz (ranging from −0.33 to 0.61 dB/cm/MHz) in patients versus −0.24 ± 0.21 (ranging from −0.69 to 0.19 dB/cm/MHz) in the healthy group (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

Despite the advancements in new ultrasound technologies today, qualitative methods continue to be effective for the detection of hepatic steatosis and could prove useful in monitoring the effectiveness of hepatic steatosis treatment.
The kinematic relationships of ball release speed in elite female cricket pace bowlers
Authors: Feros Simon A , Gerhardy Michael H , Fyfe Jackson J , Dwyer Dan B
Published: April 2024

The ability of a pace bowler to deliver the cricket ball at faster speeds is linked with improved match performance as they require less deliveries to take a wicket and concede less runs per wicket taken. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between ball release speed and selected pace bowling kinematics in 19 elite female pace bowlers. Participants bowled 18 match-intensity deliveries indoors from a full run-up. Peak ball release speed and three-dimensional pace bowling kinematic data were extracted from six deliveries that met specific selection criteria. Linear and non-linear relationships were assessed between ball release speed and selected pace bowling kinematics. Ball release speed was associated linearly with pelvis orientation at back foot contact ( r2 = 0.34, p = 0.048) and non-linearly with thoraco-pelvic lateral flexion at front foot flat ( r2 = 0.69, p < 0.001). Compared to their slower counterparts, faster elite female pace bowlers were more side-on at back foot contact and more upright in the frontal plane at front foot flat. A side-on pelvis orientation at back foot landing is likely to permit greater whole-body angular momentum in the transverse plane of motion. A more upright trunk orientation at front foot flat may be indicative of delayed onset of trunk flexion and representative of optimal segmental sequencing to maximise ball release speed. This knowledge is likely to be useful in the coaching and development of female pace bowlers for the purposes of enhancing ball release speed and therefore match performance.
‘I’ve just got to take that risk and have faith . . .’: The challenge of gaining and maintaining trust in patients undergoing knee surgery with a regional anaesthetic
Authors: Ewart Luke
Published: April 2024

Traditionally, the focus of the operating theatre has been on conducting safe, efficient surgery with unconscious patients. However, the care of awake patients is now a prominent feature of modern perioperative practise as the volume of surgery performed under regional anaesthesia increases. The aim of this novel study was to understand the experience of being a conscious patient during regional anaesthesia and knee surgery in the perioperative environment. Data were gathered through observation and ethnographic interview and analysis followed a constant comparative grounded theory approach. The concepts of Trust and Faith are identified as recurrent themes highlighted in the data. This article identifies the need to understand patients’ expectations regarding the clinical encounter and how subsequent treatment will develop, so that, reasons for any deviation can be discussed openly and an explanation provided. Each clinical encounter takes place within a relationship based upon an uneven distribution of power, enacted through the interaction itself, with the health care professional in a dominant role. It is the responsibility of health care staff to recognise and negate this power imbalance and reinforce trusting relationships so information and treatment options are not presented as a ‘fait accompli’ but negotiated through jargon free easy to understand language.
Monoaxial Screws Versus Polyaxial Screws Osteosynthesis for Unstable Atlas Fractures: A Retrospective, Comparative Study With a Minimum Follow-Up of 3 years
Authors: Niu He-Gang , Zhao Cheng-Kun , Yang Kun , Tao Hui , Liu Chang , Zhang Jing-Jing , Shen Cai-Liang , Zhang Yin-Shun
Published: April 2024

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

The study aimed to compare the radiological parameters, clinical outcomes, and long-term effects of the posterior osteosynthesis with polyaxial screw-rod system and the monoaxial screw-rod system in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 33 patients with posterior ORIF for unstable atlas fractures in our hospital from August 2013 to June 2020, with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. Polyaxial screws (group A) were used in 12 patients and monoaxial screws (group B) in 21 patients. Perioperative data, radiological parameters, and clinical outcomes were collected and compared between the 2 surgical approaches.

Results

The operative time, blood loss, time of screw-rod system placement, and hospital stay were significantly lower in group A than in group B. At the last follow-up, the visual analog scale (VAS) score and anterior arch reduction rate of the atlas in group A were lower than those in group B, while the lateral mass displacement (LMD) in group A was higher than that in group B. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in terms of the anterior atlantodental interval (AADI), posterior arch reduction rate of the atlas, range of motion (ROM), and neck disability index (NDI).

Conclusions

Monoaxial screws can achieve better reduction results for unstable atlas fractures, especially for the anterior arch of atlas. However, the surgical operation of monoaxial screws is more complicated than that of polyaxial screws and has more complications. Appropriate implants should be selected for the treatment of unstable atlas fractures based on the type of atlas fracture, the experience of surgeons, and the demands of patients.
Employee Perceptions of Supervisor Credibility: Predictive Effects for Employee Well-Being Outcomes
Authors: Mikkelson Alan , Tietsort Cris , Hinnenkamp Craig
Published: April 2024

Supervisor credibility was used to predict employee well-being indices in two separate studies (total N = 675). In Study 1, perceptions of supervisor credibility (competence, goodwill, and trustworthiness) were all positively related to job satisfaction, motivation, and organizational commitment. Regression analyses indicated that goodwill was the strongest predictor of all three employee well-being outcomes. In Study 2, all three dimensions of supervisor credibility were positively related to empowerment and personal accomplishment, and negatively related to burnout. Regression analyses indicated that goodwill was the strongest predictor of empowerment and both dimensions of burnout, whereas competence was the best predictor of accomplishment.
Stepped Care for Patients to Optimize Whole Recovery (SC-POWR): An Effectiveness Trial Evaluating a Stepped Care Model for Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Pain
Authors: Rossi Raiza , Cutter Christopher J. , Beitel Mark , Covelli Mikah , Fiellin David A. , Kerns Robert D. , Vassilieva Svetlana , Olabisi Deborah , Barry Declan T.
Published: April 2024

Many patients who receive treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) report experiencing chronic pain (CP), which is associated with high levels of ongoing nonmedical opioid use and low retention in OUD treatment. In pilot studies of patients with OUD receiving buprenorphine or methadone who had CP, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) attenuated nonmedical opioid use compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU), but patients in both treatment arms exhibited similar pain improvements. Adding exercise and stress reduction to this model may augment pain-related outcomes. With funding from National Institutes of Health, we plan to conduct a randomized clinical trial of 316 patients with OUD and CP to test the effectiveness of TAU compared with Stepped Care for Patients to Optimize Whole Recovery (SC-POWR) to reduce nonmedical opioid use and pain (primary outcomes) (Aim 1) and decrease pain intensity and interference, alcohol use, anxiety, depression and stress, and improve sleep (secondary outcomes) (Aim 2). Eligible participants will be randomized to receive TAU (buprenorphine or methadone and at least once a month individual or group counseling) or SC-POWR (ie, TAU and up to 12 CBT sessions) for 24 weeks. Based on prespecified nonresponse criteria, SC-POWR may be stepped up at week 6 to receive onsite weekly group sessions of exercise (Wii Fit, Tai Chi) and “stepped up” again at week 15 to receive weekly group sessions of stress reduction (relaxation training, auricular acupuncture). They will be followed for another 24 weeks to evaluate durability of treatment response for illicit opioid use, alcohol use, pain, anxiety, depression, stress, sleep, and retention in medications for OUD (Aim 3).
Pangenome-Wide Association Study and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal a Novel QTL and Candidate Genes Controlling both Panicle and Leaf Blast Resistance in Rice
Authors: Wang Jian , Hu Haifei , Jiang Xianya , Zhang Shaohong , Yang Wu , Dong Jingfang , Yang Tifeng , Ma Yamei , Zhou Lian , Chen Jiansong , Nie Shuai , Liu Chuanguang , Ning Yuese , Zhu Xiaoyuan , Liu Bin , Yang Jianyuan , Zhao Junliang
Published: April 2024

Cultivating rice varieties with robust blast resistance is the most effective and economical way to manage the rice blast disease. However, rice blast disease comprises leaf and panicle blast, which are different in terms of resistance mechanisms. While many blast resistant rice cultivars were bred using genes conferring resistance to only leaf or panicle blast, mining durable and effective quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for both panicle and leaf blast resistance is of paramount importance. In this study, we conducted a pangenome-wide association study (panGWAS) on 9 blast resistance related phenotypes using 414 international diverse rice accessions from an international rice panel. This approach led to the identification of 74 QTLs associated with rice blast resistance. One notable locus, qPBR1, validated in a F4:5 population and fine-mapped in a Heterogeneous Inbred Family (HIF), exhibited broad-spectrum, major and durable blast resistance throughout the growth period. Furthermore, we performed transcriptomic analysis of 3 resistant and 3 sensitive accessions at different time points after infection, revealing 3,311 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) potentially involved in blast resistance. Integration of the above results identified 6 candidate genes within the qPBR1 locus, with no significant negative effect on yield. The results of this study provide valuable germplasm resources, QTLs, blast response genes and candidate functional genes for developing rice varieties with enduring and broad-spectrum blast resistance. The qPBR1, in particular, holds significant potential for breeding new rice varieties with comprehensive and durable resistance throughout their growth period.
Assessing inflation and greenhouse gas emissions interplay via neural network analysis: a comparative study of energy use in the USA, EU, and China
Authors: AlShafeey Mutaz , Saleh Saleh Mohamad Ali
Published: April 2024

This study examines the relationship between inflation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in three major economies: the United States of America (USA), the European Union (EU), and China. The analysis spans from 1960 to 2021 for the USA and EU, and from 1971 to 2021 for China. A feedforward neural network model, optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm, was employed to predict GHG emissions based on annual inflation rates and fossil fuel energy consumption. The study integrates historical data on inflation trends with GHG emissions, measured in CO2 equivalents, and fossil fuel energy consumption, expressed as a percentage of total energy use. This multidimensional approach allows for a nuanced understanding of the economic-environmental interplay in these regions. Key findings indicate a nonlinear response of GHG emissions to inflation rates. In the USA, GHG emissions begin to decrease when inflation rates exceed 4.7%. Similarly, in the EU, a steep reduction in emissions is observed beyond a 7.5% inflation rate. China presents a more complex pattern, with two critical inflection points: the first at a 4.5% inflation rate, where GHG emissions start to decline sharply, and the second at a 7% inflation rate, beyond which further increases in inflation do not significantly reduce emissions. A critical global insight is the identification of a uniform inflation rate, around 4.4%, across all regions, at which GHG emissions consistently increase by 1%, hinting at a shared global economic behavior impacting the environment. This discovery is vital for policymakers, emphasizing the need for tailored regional strategies that consider unique economic structures, energy policies, and environmental regulations, alongside a coordinated global approach.
Nanoparticle delivery of si-Notch1 modulates metabolic reprogramming to affect 5-FU resistance and cell pyroptosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Dan-dan , Jin Jia-cheng , Liu Xuan-wen , Liu Shu-yang , Ji Fu-jian , Liu Tong
Published: April 2024

Background

Nanocarrier delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence cancer-associated genes is a promising method for cancer treatment. Here, we explored the role and mechanisms of PLAG NPs-delivered si-Notch1 in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Results

High Notch1 expression was observed in both sensitive and resistant CRC tissues and cells. Notch1 silencing repressed proliferation and facilitates apoptosis of resistant CRC cells, and suppressed glycolysis and promoted pyroptosis in resistant CRC cells. Notch1 directly interacts with PCAF. Notch1 knockdown’s suppressive effect on glycolysis was reversed by overexpression of PCAF. Moreover, a nanocarrier called PLAG NPs was built with a higher delivery efficiency compared with lipo2000. Si-Notch1 delivered by PLAG NPs efficiently overcame the CRC cells’ 5-FU resistance and facilitated pyroptosis in a CRC mouse model.

Conclusions

PLAG NPs carrying si-Notch1 had a great advantage in the extension of half-life circulation and targeting ability, providing a theoretical foundation for precise clinical treatment of CRC.
Different profiles of soil phosphorous compounds depending on tree species and availability of soil phosphorus in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana
Authors: Gargallo-Garriga Albert , Sardans Jordi , Llusià Joan , Peguero Guille , Ayala-Roque Marta , Courtois Elodie A. , Stahl Clément , Urban Otmar , Klem Karel , Nolis Pau , Pérez-Trujillo Miriam , Parella Teodor , Richter Andreas , Janssens Ivan A. , Peñuelas Josep
Published: April 2024

Background

The availability of soil phosphorus (P) often limits the productivities of wet tropical lowland forests. Little is known, however, about the metabolomic profile of different chemical P compounds with potentially different uses and about the cycling of P and their variability across space under different tree species in highly diverse tropical rainforests.

Results

We hypothesised that the different strategies of the competing tree species to retranslocate, mineralise, mobilise, and take up P from the soil would promote distinct soil 31P profiles. We tested this hypothesis by performing a metabolomic analysis of the soils in two rainforests in French Guiana using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We analysed 31P NMR chemical shifts in soil solutions of model P compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate mono- and diesters, phosphonates, and organic polyphosphates. The identity of the tree species (growing above the soil samples) explained > 53% of the total variance of the 31P NMR metabolomic profiles of the soils, suggesting species-specific ecological niches and/or species-specific interactions with the soil microbiome and soil trophic web structure and functionality determining the use and production of P compounds. Differences at regional and topographic levels also explained some part of the the total variance of the 31P NMR profiles, although less than the influence of the tree species. Multivariate analyses of soil 31P NMR metabolomics data indicated higher soil concentrations of P biomolecules involved in the active use of P (nucleic acids and molecules involved with energy and anabolism) in soils with lower concentrations of total soil P and higher concentrations of P-storing biomolecules in soils with higher concentrations of total P.

Conclusions

The results strongly suggest “niches” of soil P profiles associated with physical gradients, mostly topographic position, and with the specific distribution of species along this gradient, which is associated with species-specific strategies of soil P mineralisation, mobilisation, use, and uptake.
Effect modification of polypharmacy on incident frailty by chronic kidney disease in older adults
Authors: Mielke Nina , Barghouth Muhammad Helmi , Fietz Anne-Katrin , Villain Cédric , Bothe Tim , Ebert Natalie , Schaeffner Elke
Published: April 2024

Background

Frailty and polypharmacy are common conditions in older adults, especially in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we analyzed the association of polypharmacy and incident frailty and the effect modification by CKD in very old adults.

Methods

In non-frail individuals within the Berlin Initiative (cohort) Study, polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) was assessed according to multiple definitions based on the number of regular and on demand prescription and over the counter drugs, as well as vitamins and supplements. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 and/or an albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g. Incident frailty was assessed at follow-up using Fried criteria. Logistic regression was applied to assess (1) the association of different polypharmacy definitions with incident frailty and (2) effect modification by CKD.

Results

In this cohort study, out of 757 non-frail participants (mean age 82.9 years, 52% female, 74% CKD), 298 (39%) participants reported polypharmacy. Over the observation period of 2.1 years, 105 became frail. Individuals with polypharmacy had 1.96 adjusted odds (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–3.19) of becoming frail compared to participants without polypharmacy. The effect of polypharmacy on incident frailty was modified by CKD on the additive scale (relative excess risk due to interaction: 1.56; 95% CI 0.01–3.12).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates an association of polypharmacy and incident frailty and suggests strong evidence for an effect modification of CKD on polypharmacy and incident frailty. Revision of prescriptions could be a target strategy to prevent frailty occurrence, especially in older adults with CKD.
Significance of early diagnosis and surgical management in treating Mycobacterium immunogenum-related pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis: a case report
Authors: Okinaka Tomohide , Fujimura Kenjiro , Hamasaki Yuka , Hasegawa Yuichi , Matono Takashi
Published: April 2024

Background

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that are increasingly contributing to human infections.Mycobacterium immunogenum, a variant of NTM discovered in 2001, is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that exhibits multidrug resistance. Reports of infections caused by this organism, particularly tenosynovitis in the musculoskeletal system, are limited.

Case presentation

A 71-year-old female with vesicular pemphigus, undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, presented with a progressively enlarging tumour on the dorsum of her right hand, along with erythematous papules that extended across her right forearm. The specimens of skin tissues and blood cultures revealed the presence ofM. immunogenum. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation led to the diagnosis of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis. A multidrug regimen, comprising amikacin and clarithromycin, was initiated, followed by synovectomy. The patient underwent a course of 180 days of antimicrobial therapy and demonstrated no signs of disease recurrence one year after treatment completion.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial to prevent the adverse prognostic implications of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis caused byM. immunogenum. Effective management requires precise microbial identification and susceptibility testing, necessitating collaborative engagement with microbiological laboratories.
A prospective observational cohort study of covid-19 epidemiology and vaccine seroconversion in South Western Sydney, Australia, during the 2021–2022 pandemic period.
Authors: Potter Daniela , Diep Jason , Munro Colleen , Lin Noelle , Xu Ramon , Wong Jeffrey , Porritt Robert , Maley Michael , Foo Hong , Makris Angela
Published: April 2024

Background

It is known that COVID-19 disproportionally adversely affects the immunocompromised, including kidney transplant recipients (KTR), as compared to the general population. Risk factors for adverse outcomes and vaccine seroconversion patterns are not fully understood. Australia was uniquely positioned to reduce initial case numbers during the 2021–2022 pandemic period due to its relative isolation and several significant public health interventions. South-Western Sydney Local Heath District was one of the predominant regions affected.

Methods

A single centre, prospective cohort study of prevalent renal transplant recipients was conducted between 25th July 2021 and 1st May 2022. Baseline characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination status, COVID-19 diagnosis and outcomes were determined from the electronic medical record, Australian vaccination register and Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Assessment of vaccine-induced seroconversion was assessed with ELISA in a subpopulation. Analysis was performed using SPSS v.28.

Results

We identified 444 prevalent transplant recipients (60% male, 50% diabetic, median age 58 years (Interquartile range (IQR)21.0) and eGFR 56 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 21.9). COVID-19 was identified in 32% (n = 142) of patients, of which 38% (n = 54) required hospitalisation and 7% (n = 10) died. At least one COVID-19 vaccination was received by 95% (n = 423) with 17 (4%) patients remaining unvaccinated throughout the study period. Seroconversion after 2 and 3 doses of vaccine was 22% and 48% respectively. Increased COVID-19 related deaths were associated with older age (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.004–1.192, p = 0.040), smoking exposure (aOR 8.2, 05% CI 1.020-65.649, p = 0.048) and respiratory disease (aOR 14.2, 95%CI:1.825–110.930, p = 0.011) on multi-variable regression analysis. Receipt of three doses of vaccination was protective against acquiring COVID-19 (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.287–0.796, p = 0.005) and death (aOR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.007–0.523, p = 0.011), but not against hospitalisation (p = 0.32). Seroconversion was protective for acquiring COVID-19 on multi-variable regression independent of vaccination dose (aOR 0.1, 95%CI: 0.0025–0.523, p = 0.011).

Conclusions

COVID-19 was associated with a high mortality rate. Older age, respiratory disease and prior smoking exposure may be risk factors for increased mortality. Vaccination of 3 doses is protective against acquiring COVID-19 and death, however not hospitalisation. Antibody response is protective for acquiring COVID-19, however seroconversion rates are low.
Comparing the outcomes of termination of second trimester pregnancy with a live fetus using intravaginal misoprostol between women with and without previous cesarean section
Authors: Pongsatha Saipin , Suntornlimsiri Nuchanart , Tongsong Theera
Published: April 2024

Objective

To compare the outcomes of termination of pregnancy with live fetuses in the second trimester (14–28 weeks), using misoprostol 400 mcg intravaginal every 6 h, between women with previous cesarean section (PCS) and no previous cesarean section (no PCS).

Methods

A comparative study was conducted on a prospective database of pregnancy termination in the second trimester, Chiang Mai university hospital. Inclusion criteria included: (1) singleton pregnancy; (2) gestational age between 14 and 28 weeks; and (3) pregnancy with a live fetus and medically indicated for termination. The participants were categorized into two groups; PCS and no PCS group. All were terminated using misoprostol 400 mcg intravaginal every 6 h. The main outcomes were induction to fetal delivery interval and success rate, defined as fetal delivery within 48 h.

Results

A total of 238 women, including 80 PCS and 158 no PCS, were recruited. The success rate of fetal delivery within 48 h between both groups was not significantly different (91.3% vs. 93.0%; p-value 0.622). The induction to fetal delivery interval were not significantly different (1531 vs. 1279 min; p-value > 0.05). Gestational age was an independent factor for the success rate and required dosage of misoprostol. The rates of most adverse effects of misoprostol were similar. One case (1.3%) in the PCS group developed uterine rupture during termination, ending up with safe and successful surgical removal and uterine repair.

Conclusion

Intravaginal misoprostol is highly effective for second trimester termination of pregnancy with PCS and those with no PCS, with similar success rate and induction to fetal delivery interval. Gestational age was an independent factor for the success rate and required dosage of misoprostol. Uterine rupture could occur in 1.3% of PCS, implying that high precaution must be taken for early detection and proper management.

Synopsis

Intravaginal misoprostol is highly effective for termination of second trimester pregnancy with a live fetus, with a comparable success rate between women with and without previous cesarean section, with a 1.3% risk of uterine rupture among women with previous cesarean section.
Association between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmadinezhad Golnaz Sadat , Karimi Fatemeh Zahra , Abdollahi Mahboobeh , NaviPour Elham
Published: April 2024

Background

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother’s self-confidence. Considering the conflicting results regarding the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression.

Method

In this systematic review, published articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched using English keywords “Self-efficacy, breastfeeding, breastfeeding Self-efficacy, depression, postpartum depression” without publication date limit. Data analysis was done with employing STATA14 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 index which was 0%. Therefore, the fixed effects method was used to combine the data and perform meta-analysis.

Result

The results of the meta-analysis showed that based on the fixed effect method, depression was associated with decreased breastfeeding self-efficacy on the first day (SMD = 0.62, 95%CI: -0.830, -0.41, p = 0.0001) and on the third day (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: -0.55,1.14, p = 0.0001). The Begg and Manzumdar test revealed no publication bias, with p = 0.317.

Conclusion

Postpartum depression may be associated with a decrease in the mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy and placing mother in a condition to pay low attention to her maternal role. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide adequate support according to the needs of mothers and develop diagnostic and treatment protocols to improve the level of maternal health.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood and adolescent cancer care in northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gwanika Yotham , Rice Hannah E. , Metcalf Madeline , Espinoza Pamela , Kajoka Happiness D. , Rice Henry E. , Staton Catherine , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Majaliwa Esther , Smith Emily R. , Cotache-Condor Cesia
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained healthcare systems and presented unique challenges for children requiring cancer care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to cancer care for children and adolescents in Northern Tanzania.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the demographic and clinical characteristics of 547 pediatric and adolescent cancer patients (ages 0–19 years old) between 2016 and 2022 using the population-based Kilimanjaro Cancer Registry (KCR). We categorized data into pre-COVID-19 (2016–2019) and COVID-19 (2020–2022) eras, and performed descriptive analyses of diagnostic, treatment, and demographic information. A secondary analysis was conducted on a subset of 167 patients with stage of diagnosis at presentation.

Results

Overall admissions nearly doubled during the pandemic (n = 190 versus 357). The variety of diagnoses attended at KCMC increased during the pandemic, with only five groups of diseases reported in 2016 to twelve groups of diseases in 2021. Most patients were diagnosed at a late stage (stage III or IV) across eras, with the proportion of under-five years old patients increasing late-diagnoses from 29.4% (before the pandemic), 52.8% (during the pandemic), when compared to the overall cohort. Around 95% of children in this age category reported late-stage diagnosis during the pandemic. Six out of the twelve cancer site groups also reported an increase in late-stage diagnosis. During the pandemic, the proportion of children receiving surgery increased from 15.8 to 30.8% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Childhood and adolescent cancer care changed in Northern Tanzania during the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased late-stage diagnoses presentations among younger patients and the increased use of surgical therapies in the context of a growing practice. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric and adolescent cancer care can help us better adapt healthcare systems and interventions to the emerging needs of children and adolescents with cancer in the midst of a health crisis.
Partial recovery of peripheral blood monocyte subsets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients upon radio(chemo)therapy is associated with decreased plasma CXCL11
Authors: Idel Christian , Fleckner Jonas , Plötze-Martin Kirstin , Werner Lotte , Rades Dirk , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole , Hofmann Linda , Huber Diana , Leichtle Anke , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Bruchhage Karl-Ludwig , Pries Ralph
Published: April 2024

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a common and heterogeneous malignancy of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Surgery and radio(chemo)therapy are the standard treatment options and also have great influence on the composition of the tumor microenvironment and immune cell functions. However, the impact of radio(chemo)therapy on the distribution and characteristics of circulating monocyte subsets in HNSCC are not fully understood.

Methods

Expression patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors CD11a (integrin-α L; LFA-1), CD11b (integrin-α M; Mac-1), CD11c (integrin-α X), CX3CR1 (CX3CL1 receptor) and checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) were investigated upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment using flow cytometry. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of plasma cytokines was performed before and after treatment using ELISA measurements.

Results

Our data reveal a partial recovery of circulating monocytes in HNSCC patients upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment, with differential effects of the individual therapy regimen. PD-L1 expression on non-classical monocytes significantly correlates with the individual plasma levels of chemokine CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11).

Conclusions

Further comprehensive investigations on larger patient cohorts are required to elucidate the meaningfulness of peripheral blood monocyte subsets and chemokine CXCL11 as potential bioliquid indicators in HNSCC with regard to therapy response and the individual immunological situation.
A chest CT-based nomogram for predicting survival in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yi Xiaoping , Zhan Huien , Lyu Jun , Du Juan , Dai Min , Zhao Min , Zhang Yu , Zhou Cheng , Xu Xin , Fan Yi , Li Lin , Dong Baoxia , Jiang Xinya , Xiao Zeyu , Zhou Jihao , Zhao Minyi , Zhang Jian , Fu Yan , Chen Tingting , Xu Yang , Tian Jie , Liu Qifa , Zeng Hui
Published: April 2024

Background

The identification of survival predictors is crucial for early intervention to improve outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aim to identify chest computed tomography (CT)-derived features to predict prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods

952 patients with pathologically-confirmed AML were retrospectively enrolled between 2010 and 2020. CT-derived features (including body composition and subcutaneous fat features), were obtained from the initial chest CT images and were used to build models to predict the prognosis. A CT-derived MSF nomogram was constructed using multivariate Cox regression incorporating CT-based features. The performance of the prediction models was assessed with discrimination, calibration, decision curves and improvements.

Results

Three CT-derived features, including myosarcopenia, spleen_CTV, and SF_CTV (MSF) were identified as the independent predictors for prognosis in AML (P < 0.01). A CT-MSF nomogram showed a performance with AUCs of 0.717, 0.794, 0.796 and 0.792 for predicting the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities in the validation cohort, which were significantly higher than the ELN risk model. Moreover, a new MSN stratification system (MSF nomogram plus ELN risk model) could stratify patients into new high, intermediate and low risk group. Patients with high MSN risk may benefit from intensive treatment (P = 0.0011).

Conclusions

In summary, the chest CT-MSF nomogram, integrating myosarcopenia, spleen_CTV, and SF_CTV features, could be used to predict prognosis of AML.
Study of association between corneal shape parameters and axial length elongation during orthokeratology using image-pro plus software
Authors: Wang W. , Deng J. , Yin C. , Wang F. , Zhang C. , Yu C. , Gong S. , Zhan X. , Chen S. , Shen D.
Published: April 2024

Background

The aim was to validate the correlation between corneal shape parameters and axial length growth (ALG) during orthokeratology using Image-Pro Plus (IPP) 6.0 software.

Methods

This retrospective study used medical records of myopic children aged 8–13 years (n = 104) undergoing orthokeratology. Their corneal topography and axial length were measured at baseline and subsequent follow-ups after lens wear. Corneal shape parameters, including the treatment zone (TZ) area, TZ diameter, TZ fractal dimension, TZ radius ratio, eccentric distance, pupil area, and pupillary peripheral steepened zone(PSZ) area, were measured using IPP software. The impact of corneal shape parameters at 3 months post-orthokeratology visit on 1.5-year ALG was evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

ALG exhibited significant associations with age, TZ area, TZ diameter, TZ fractal dimension, and eccentric distance on univariate linear regression analysis. Multivariate regression analysis identified age, TZ area, and eccentric distance as significantly correlated with ALG (allP < 0.01), with eccentric distance showing the strongest correlation (β = −0.370). The regressive equation was y = 1.870 − 0.235a + 0.276b − 0.370c, whereyrepresents ALG, a represents age, b represents TZ area, and c represents eccentric distance;R2 = 0.27). No significant relationships were observed between the TZ radius ratio, pupillary PSZ area, and ALG.

Conclusions

IPP software proves effective in capturing precise corneal shape parameters after orthokeratology. Eccentric distance, rather than age or the TZ area, significantly influences ALG retardation.
Network analysis on psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures, quality of life and COVID-19 related factors in Chinese psychiatric patients in Hong Kong
Authors: Fung Vivian Shi Cheng , Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Chui Eileena Mo Ching , Wong Corine Sau Man , Chu Ryan Sai Ting , So Yuen Kiu , Chan Jacob Man Tik , Chung Albert Kar Kin , Lee Krystal Chi Kei , Lo Heidi Ka Ying , Cheng Calvin Pak Wing , Law Chi Wing , Chan Wai Chi , Chang Wing Chung
Published: April 2024

Background

Psychiatric patients are susceptible to adverse mental health impacts during COVID-19, but complex interplays between psychopathology and pandemic-related variables remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate concomitant associations between psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures and COVID-19 related variables in Chinese psychiatric patients during the peak of fifth pandemic wave in Hong Kong.

Methods

We employed network analysis to investigate inter-relationships among psychopathological symptoms (including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder-like [PTSD-like] symptoms, insomnia, psychotic symptoms), cognitive complaints, health-related quality of life, loneliness, resilience and selected pandemic-related factors in 415 psychiatric outpatients between 28 March and 8 April, 2022. Network comparisons between genders, diagnosis (common mental disorders [CMD] vs. severe mental disorders [SMD]), and history of contracting COVID-19 at fifth wave were performed as exploratory analyses.

Results

Our results showed that anxiety represented the most central node in the network, as indicated by its highest node strength and expected influence, followed by depression and quality of life. Three comparatively strong connections between COVID-19 and psychopathological variables were observed including: fear of contagion and PTSD-like symptoms, COVID-19 stressor burden and PTSD-like symptoms, and COVID-19 stressor burden and insomnia. Network comparison tests revealed significant network structural difference between participants with history of contracting COVID-19 and those without, but showed no significant difference between genders as well as between CMD and SMD patients.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the pivotal role of anxiety in psychopathology network of psychiatric patients amidst COVID-19. Pandemic-related variables are critically associated with trauma/stress and insomnia symptoms. Future research is required to elucidate potential network structural changes between pandemic and post-COVID periods.