bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and photoluminescent studies of non-centrosymmetric manganese(II) N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-(L)-alanine) dicyanamide
Authors: Ndosiri Bridget Ndoye , Nono Katia Nchimi , Awawou Paboudam Gbambie , Nfor Emmanuel Ngwang , Mohamadou Aminou , Marrot Jerome , Teke Peter Ndifon
Published: September 2019

The dinuclear compound, [Mn2(Pyala)2(Dca)2(H2O)]n·2H2O (1) (Pyala = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-L-alanine and Dca = dicyanamide anion) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal data for C22H26Mn2N10O6: orthorhombic, space group P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.3728(8) Å, b = 15.9780(12) Å, c = 16.3585(13) Å, V = 2711.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, T = 198(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.989 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.559 g/cm3, 129607 reflections measured (3.564° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 60.046°), 7923 unique (Rint = 0.0324, Rsigma = 0.0155) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0169 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0458 (all data). The obtained non-centrosymmetric dinuclear Mn(II) complex contains two unique Mn(II) cations with similar octahedral coordination environment. Photoluminescent measurements on the complex in the solid state show that it displays strong photoluminescence at 442 nm.
Contributions of climate change and groundwater extraction to soil moisture trends
Authors: Wang Longhuan , Xie Zhenghui , Jia Binghao , Xie Jinbo , Wang Yan , Liu Bin , Li Ruichao , Chen Si
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Climate change affects water availability for soil, and groundwater extraction influences water redistribution by altering water demand, both of which significantly affect soil moisture. Quantifying their relative contribution to the changes in soil moisture will further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the global water cycle. In this study, two groups of simulations were conducted with and without groundwater (GW) extraction (estimated based on local water supply and demand) from 1979 to 2010 using the Chinese Academy of Sciences land surface model, CAS-LSM, with four global meteorological forcing datasets (GSWP3, PRINCETON, CRU-NCEP, and WFDEI). To investigate the contribution of climate change and GW extraction, a trajectory-based method was used. Comparing the simulated results with the in situ dataset of the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) and the satellite-based soil moisture product of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) indicated that the CAS-LSM reasonably reproduced the distribution of soil moisture and matched the temporal changes well. Globally, our results suggested a significant decreasing trend in surface soil moisture (0–10 cm, 0.98×10-4 mm3 mm−3 yr−1) over the 32-year period tested. The drying trends were mainly observed in arid regions such as the tropical desert regions in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, while the wetting trends were primarily in tropical forested areas in South America and northeastern Asia. Climate change contributed 101.2 % and 90.7 % to global drying and wetting trends of surface soil moisture, respectively, while GW extraction accounted for −1.2 % and 9.3 %, respectively. In deep soil, GW extraction contributed 1.37 % and −3.21 % to the drying and wetting trends, respectively. The weak influence of GW extraction may be because this activity occurs in limited areas. GW extraction contributed more than 35 % to the change in surface soil moisture in wetting areas where GW overexploitation occurs. GW is mainly extracted for irrigation to alleviate soil water stress in semiarid regions that receive limited precipitation, thereby slowing the drying trend and accelerating the wetting trend of surface soil. However, GW exploitation weakens the hydraulic connection between the soil and aquifer, leading to deeper soils drying up. Overall, climate change dominated the soil moisture trends,
but the effect of GW extraction cannot be ignored.
Changes of the tropical glaciers throughout Peru between 2000 and 2016 – mass balance and area fluctuations
Authors: Seehaus Thorsten , Malz Philipp , Sommer Christian , Lippl Stefan , Cochachin Alejo , Braun Matthias
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Glaciers in tropical regions are very sensitive to
climatic variations and thus strongly affected by climate change. The
majority of the tropical glaciers worldwide are located in the Peruvian
Andes, which have shown significant ice loss in the last century. Here, we
present the first multi-temporal, region-wide survey of geodetic mass
balances and glacier area fluctuations throughout Peru covering the period
2000–2016. Glacier extents are derived from Landsat imagery by performing
automatic glacier delineation based on a combination of the NDSI and band
ratio method and final manual inspection and correction. The mapping of
debris-covered glacier extents is supported by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence information. A
total glacier area loss of -548.5±65.7 km2 (−29 %,
−34.3 km2 a−1) is obtained for the study period. Using
interferometric satellite SAR acquisitions, bi-temporal geodetic mass
balances are derived. An average specific mass balance of -296±41 kg m−2 a−1 is found throughout Peru for the period 2000–2016.
However, there are strong regional and temporal differences in the mass
budgets ranging from 45±97 to -752±452 kg m−2 a−1. The ice loss increased towards the end of the observation
period. Between 2013 and 2016, a retreat of the glacierized area of
-203.8±65.7 km2 (−16 %, −101.9 km2 a−1) is mapped and the average mass budget amounts to -660±178 kg m−2 a−1. The glacier changes revealed can be attributed to
changes in the climatic settings in the study region, derived from
ERA-Interim reanalysis data and the Oceanic Nino Index. The intense El
Niño activities in 2015/16 are most likely the trigger for the increased
change rates in the time interval 2013–2016. Our observations provide
fundamental information on the current dramatic glacier changes for local
authorities and for the calibration and validation of glacier change
projections.
Las peticiones en la conversación coloquial española y alemana: un acercamiento a sus tipos y formas
Authors: Bertomeu Pi Pau
Published: September 2019

El objetivo del trabajo es presentar un estudio descriptivo preliminar de las peticiones de acción e información, directas en indirectas, en la conversación coloquial española y alemana. Si bien el análisis de estos actos directivos ya se ha abordado a través de distintos métodos, como el cuestionario para completar el discurso o el role playing, resulta novedoso su estudio en la interacción cara a cara en programas de telerrealidad. En este sentido, partir de escenas cotidianas de Gran Hermano 17 y Big Brother 12 permite observar semejanzas y diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas entre ambas lenguas, que dan cuenta de las preferencias por unas estrategias u otras y ponen de manifiesto los distintos valores atribuidos culturalmente a la (in)dirección.
"¿Por qué no gustas de mí, como yo gusto de ti?" El verbo "gustar" y su complemento preposicional en español actual
Authors: Bouzouita Miriam , Pato Enrique
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se examina la relación entre el comportamiento semántico y sintáctico del verbo polisémico gustar. Para ello, rastreamos desde una perspectiva diatópica las diferentes interpretaciones que puede tener al aparecer con un complemento nominativo y preposicional [NOM + gusta + de + Sintagma Nominal]. Los datos utilizados para este trabajo cualitativo proceden de las redes sociales, especialmente de Twitter. Queda demostrado que este esquema sintáctico es mucho más común en el mundo hispanohablante de lo que se pensaba y que, pese a las diferencias diatópicas, puede presentar todos los significados conocidos, mostrando una mayor flexibilidad semántica de lo previamente presentado.
Las conversaciones de jóvenes vascoparlantes por whatsapp y cara a cara: el cambio de código vasco-castellano
Authors: Ibarra Murillo Orreaga
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el Cambio de Código (CC) de hablantes nativos vascos en conversación informal y en su comunicación por whatsapp. Se trata de dar respuesta a estas preguntas: ¿Qué patrones de CC pueden ser identificados entre los jóvenes vascoparlantes? ¿En qué circunstancias cambian de código? ¿Qué factores culturales, psicológicos, educacionales y gramaticales están implicados en el CC de los jóvenes? ¿Cuáles son las causas del CC? Los resultados muestran que el CC es un hecho lingüístico absolutamente no marcado. Las funciones que desempeña el CC son distintas: la reiteración, el humor, las referencias en otra lengua, el cambio de rol, el énfasis y la expresión de la emoción, entre otras.
All-Inclusive Sustainability? The Sustainable Development Goals at the Antwerp Port Authority Teaching Notes
Authors: Moratis Lars
Published: September 2019

Launched in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an authorative global agenda to achieve sustainability. Many organizations have been adopting the SDG and linking it to their sustainability strategies. When the Antwerp Port Authority (APA) adopted the SDGs, it initially focused on five out of these 17 goals. After consulting its stakeholders, APA concluded that its initial choice should be replaced by a choice for focusing on the entire set of SDGs. Since 2017, the SDGs constitute the overarching framework for APA’s sustainability strategy. This brief case aims to enable students to explore and reflect on business organizational approaches towards the SDGs.
Percepções acerca do ensino e aprendizagem em História: uma análise sobre a temporalidade e o livro didático
Authors: Santos Flávio Batista dos
Published: September 2019

A partir dos estudos de Jörn Rüsen (2010), Michael Oakeshott (2003) e Eric Hobsbawm (2010) buscou-se compreender e perceber a relevância do tempo na aula de História, bem como relacioná-lo à vida prática de cada um. Temos como pressuposto que a compreensão do passado está intimamente relacionada com a apreensão do tempo, constituindo dessa forma em um estatuto da História. Também discute o ideal de livro didático de história proposto por Jörn Rüsen (2011), o qual pensa essa ferramenta como um instrumento que tem a função de potencializar as competências da percepção, interpretação e orientação históricas. Neste sentido, propomos uma discussão a respeito da concepção apresentada por professores de História e estudantes da Educação Básica que fazem uso do livro didático no seu cotidiano da sala de aula. Nosso objetivo é compor um cenário a partir das visões de professores e estudantes, que permita responder à problemática proposta por Rüsen na sua concepção de livro didático. Temos como hipótese que o livro didático tem grande presença na sala de aula, assim compreender seu papel frente o processo educativo torna-se fundamental. Portanto, nossa expectativa é sinalizar se, na visão dos professores e também dos estudantes, a ferramenta livro didático corresponde às finalidades da disciplina, seleção e progressão dos conteúdos, ensino e aprendizagem, bem como facilita a compreensão da temporalidade.
“Porque vocês não sabem do lixo ocidental". Ensino de História da Educação e a “questão do outro”
Authors: Costa Ana Luiza Jesus
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo é fruto de reflexão teórica sobre uma experiência pedagógica realizada durante os anos de 2016 e 2017 com a disciplina de História da Educação I – história geral da educação, ainda em andamento, no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. A experiência partiu do questionamento sobre a centralidade do chamado “mundo ocidental” presente no programa oficial da disciplina. Diante desta problematização propusemos uma abordagem alternativa para história geral da educação calcada nos encontros entre povos e diálogos entre culturas, tomando como eixo a discussão sobre a alteridade. O exercício teórico aqui apresentado amplia o universo da experiência em questão, buscando investigar a perspectiva formativa vigente nos cursos de história geral da educação oferecidos aos licenciandos em Pedagogia nas três Universidades estaduais paulistas: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) e Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP). Para tanto, trabalhamos com as ementas dos cursos analisados em três aspectos estruturais: objetivos; conteúdo programático e referências bibliográficas. Foi possível constatar e discutir, nos limites postos por essas fontes, a permanência de marcas eurocêntricas nas abordagens de história geral da educação no universo investigado.
Estratégias e táticas na docência da disciplina estudo de problemas brasileiros durante a Ditadura Civil-Militar na Universidade Federal do Paraná (1971-1984)
Authors: Corrêa Rosa Lydia Teixeira , Bertotti Rudimar Gomes
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo objetivou-se analisar o processo de docência da disciplina Estudo de Problemas Brasileiros (EPB) na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) durante a ditadura civil-militar. Instituída como uma versão da Educação Moral e Cívica para o ensino superior, a EPB constituía-se como um componente curricular de conteúdo doutrinário. A pesquisa contou com o uso de diferentes fontes primárias e secundárias, com destaque para fontes orais, que permitiram desvelar nuances do processo de docência da EPB na UFPR. Foram selecionados como categorias de análise nesse trabalho os conceitos de Estratégia e Tática explorados por Michel de Certeau na obra Invenção do Cotidiano. A partir dessas categorias investigou-se a docência dessa disciplina na UFPR com base nos depoimentos de ex-professores de EPB que lecionaram na instituição durante o período ditatorial. Por fim, a análise desvelou que a disciplina de EPB traçou contornos próprios nas salas de aula da UFPR. A partir da adoção de táticas por parte de seus ex-docentes, a EPB traçou caminhos distintos do que seus legisladores previram, ao menos na UFPR.
Religiosidades: uma análise de duas coleções de livros didáticos do ensino público Brasileiro
Authors: Paim Elison Antonio , Vieira Guilherme Braunsperger de Lima
Published: September 2019

O Livro Didático é uma ferramenta fundamental na prática docente, ele tem no Brasil a diretriz dada pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) e tem neste trabalho as questões étnico raciais inerentes a pluralidade cultural brasileira. Analisamos as coleções Nova História Integrada e História Sociedade e Cidadania presentes no PNLD 2015 sob o viés da religiosidade dos povos abordados, com a intenção de demonstrar a colonialidade das mentes; como a influência de uma historiografia eurocêntrica ainda é predominante dentro dos livros didáticos e como as religiosidades dos diferentes povos apresentados são tratadas nas coleções. Analisamos estas coleções didáticas pela perspectiva da decolonialidade, apoiados fundamentalmente em autores como Franz Fanon, Catherine Walsh, Homi Bhabha, Arturo Escobar, Walter Mignolo e Stuart Hall; na análise de Livros Didáticos há aproximação da metodologia de abordagem de Circe Bittencourt e Kazumi Munakata. Em ambas as coleções, a história dos povos oprimidos tem pouca expressão em comparação com a história europeia e eurocentrada; as discussões sobre exploração e opressão durante o período colonial são suprimidas; a cultura e as religiosidades têm diferentes espaços, minimizando as Áfricas e as Américas, homogeneizando-as e até justificando o caráter civilizador do colonizador.
Por entre narrativas e documentos escritos: uma História da escola primária no Sul de Sergipe (1930-1960)
Authors: Barreto Raylane Andreza Dias Navrro , Santos Laísa Dias
Published: September 2019

Sob inspiração da História Cultural, neste artigo o objetivo foi analisar os diferentes tipos de escolas primárias existentes nos territórios centro-sul e sul do estado de Sergipe entre os anos de 1930 e 1960. A análise que privilegiou o cruzamento de documentos escritos e memórias de professores revelou que a revelia das reformas educativas e do ideal de escola que elas pressupunham, a sua configuração esteve subordinada aos financiamentos e planos nacionais, mais principalmente, às condições políticas, materiais, culturais e intelectuais dos atores que estiveram diretamente envolvidos em seus específicos processos. Nesse sentido, a união da narrativa e de discursos oficias, possibilitou a compreensão de uma pluralidade de sentidos que além de agregarem características particulares à história da escola primária sergipana, também abre possibilidades para novas versões e escrita da história.
Seleção e os usos dos livros didáticos de História para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: algumas questões a partir do olhar de duas professoras
Authors: Silva Cristiani Bereta da , João David De Souza
Published: September 2019

A presente discussão constitui recorte de pesquisa mais abrangente desenvolvida no mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UDESC, que investiga as escolhas, representações e usos dos livros didáticos de História de duas professoras que atuam nos 4o e 5o anos do Ensino Fundamental, em escolas públicas estaduais de Laguna/SC. Neste artigo o objetivo é discutir as relações estabelecidas entre as prescrições e avaliações do Estado relativas ao livro didático e as expectativas e representações construídas e reelaboradas pelas professoras, a partir de suas experiências no decorrer do processo de escolha dos livros, no PNLD de 2013. As análises apoiam-se principalmente em entrevistas orais realizadas com duas professoras, nomeadas na pesquisa de Joana e Maria. Neste trabalho, que se utiliza da metodologia da história oral,  as fontes orais são compreendidas como possibilidades narrativas portadoras de significados, sujeitas a elaborações subjetivas, versões e interpretações feitas de lembranças, simulações, esquecimentos e ocultações. O interesse principal recai na singularidade com que essas professoras utilizam o livro didático de História e sobre como as políticas públicas voltadas ao livro e ao ensino de História ressoam em seu cotidiano de trabalho e aparecem reelaboradas em suas narrativas. Palavras-chave: livro didático de História; anos iniciais; ensino de História.
O PNLD e a educação em Direitos Humanos: da definição dos critérios de avaliação à inserção nas coleções de História
Authors: Franco Aléxia Padua , Carvalho Emilene Júlia Da Silva Freitas
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo, temos como propósito analisar como o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) /2013 inseriu a Educação em Direitos Humanos (EDH) como critério de avaliação das coleções didáticas de História para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.Inicialmente, apresentamos como o PNLD, enquanto política pública, instituiu a EDH como critério de avaliação das coleções. Sintetizamos, também, as diferentes concepções de DH que permeiam os debates nesta área, as quais embasaram a análise documental dasresenhasdascoleçõesdisponíveisnoGuiadoPNLDHistória-2013,observando como a EDH foi considerada no processo de avaliaçãonos parágrafos queanalisavam como a coleção abordava a construção para a cidadania e aqueles em que o focoera a históriaeculturadaÁfrica,dosafrodescendentesedospovosindígenas. As análises realizadas apontaram que as coleções didáticas aprovadas inseriram a EDH de forma tímida e superficial para atender às exigências do edital, predominando, nas abordagens, a concepção hegemônica de Direitos Humanos.Palavras-chave: Educação em Direitos Humanos. PNLD. Livro didático de História.Anosiniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
De boas intenções o inferno está cheio: as metodologias de ensino nos livros didáticos de História
Authors: Soares Olavo Pereira , Monteiro Juliana Renata Miguel
Published: September 2019

O artigo faz uma análise das metodologias de ensino utilizadas nos livros didáticos de história produzidos para as séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. Tem-se por metodologia de ensino o conjunto ações didáticas que orientam professores e alunos para as aprendizagens pretendidas. A teoria da atividade foi o referencial teórico utilizado na análise do material, que considerou principalmente as seguintes categorias: necessidades, motivos, ações e operações. Os livros didáticos utilizados na análise foram selecionados a partir dos seguintes critérios: aprovação no PNLD; inserção de capítulos que abordem a temática da história e cultura afrodescendente; intencionalidades explicitadas sobre os processos de leitura e letramento.
Customising semi-active resetable device behaviour for abating seismic structural response
Authors: Rodgers Geoffrey W. , Chase J. Geoffrey , Mulligan Kerry J. , Mander John B. , Elliott Rodney B.
Published: September 2019

Semi-active resetable actuators have been shown to be capable of significantly improving seismic structural response and customising structural hysteresis loops to reduce both displacement and base shear demands. Hence, device behaviour and dynamics can be tailored to the application. However, the maximum forces produced, in particular with air as the working fluid, can be a limiting factor to avoid extreme device sizes. This investigation incorporates an actively controlled (stored) high-pressure air source to enhance the capabilities of such resetable devices. The devices are designed using a validated non-linear model incorporating the dynamics and non-linearities of the working fluid, valves, sensor lags and computational limitations. Initial simulations show 100-600% increases in the peak device forces, with 100% obtained when the initial pressure is doubled. In addition, the high pressure source allows greater manipulation of the device behaviour and response. This additional flexibility enables, for example, devices that are more resistant or resist differently in opposing directions. The impact of device enhancements over standard resetable devices is then demonstrated experimentally. This paper extends these novel resetable devices to create more flexible and actively controlled devices for semi-active structural control. Finally, a “net-zero base shear design” concept is presented, where the added damping reaction forces are exactly offset by structural response reductions to give large displacement reductions with no overall change to base shear forces – maximising control with no impact on the foundations.
The Mw 6.3 Abruzzo (Italy) earthquake of April 6th, 2009
Authors: Oyarzo-Vera Claudio , Griffith Michael C.
Published: September 2019

On April 6th, 2009, at 3:32 am local time, a Mw 6.3 earthquake struck the Abruzzo region in Italy. This earthquake killed 305 people, with a further 1,500 people injured and approximately 15,000 buildings damaged. Many buildings of significant historical and architectural value were destroyed and several modern buildings were also severely damaged with some having fully collapsed.

The authors visited the disaster zone one month after the earthquake. The most badly affected areas in L’Aquila historical centre and three other villages – San Gregorio, Pagánica and Onna – were inspected.

The main observations made during this reconnaissance trip are briefly presented, highlighting the relevant lessons for engineering practice in New Zealand and Australia.
Microtremor coherency
Authors: Stephenson W. R.
Published: September 2019

By recording microtremors simultaneously using arrays having two apertures, the effect of incoherent noise, which can act to depress coherency values, may be reduced, leading to better estimates of azimuthally-averaged coherency, and hence to improved shear-wave velocity profiles at sites. The method is exemplified by the use of 30 m and 40 m triangular arrays at McEwan Park, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, where the method is shown to result in better fits to theoretical coherency. Adequate correction is confined to low frequencies (less than 4.5 Hz in this case). Estimates of Vs are modified for greater depths (50 to 200m in this example) but unaltered for near-surface materials.
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 reconnaissance report
Authors: Yu Jiashun , Yong Philip , Read Stuart , Brabhaharan P. , Foon Meng
Published: September 2019

On 12 May 2008 at 2.28 pm Beijing Time, an Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred in the Wenchuan County of Sichuan province, China. The associated fault ruptured over 240 km on the ground surface. The resulting damage was very severe and widespread, with casualties of almost 70,000, another 18,000 missing and 370,000 injured. The New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering reconnaissance team observed the effects and the recovery from this massive earthquake. The team studied the damages caused to the natural and the built environment due to fault rupture, seismic shaking, huge landslides and rockfalls. Maximum shaking intensity of MM XI significantly exceeded design intensity of MM VII for the area. Earthquake induced landslides had a major and catastrophic impact on development and infrastructure in this earthquake. Site selection was demonstrated to be critical. Brittle or non-ductile and irregular buildings performed very poorly especially in a seismic overload situation. Well engineered structures and dams performed well. Lifeline facilities were severely damaged, which resulted in interruptions to key transportation routes, inhibited rescue and recovery operations.
Plastic hinge locations in steel columns
Authors: MacRae Gregory A. , Lu Arthur Y. C. , Peng Brian H. H. , Hann Chris , Ziemian Ron , Clifton G. Charles
Published: September 2019

Some standards for the design of steel structures attempt to encourage column yielding at the member ends, rather than along the column length during inelastic action such as may occur during strong earthquake shaking. In this paper, effects of residual stress and stability are considered separately and then combined to obtain equations that are more simple and more accurate than those in current standards.
Building safety evaluation following the 30 September 2009 Padang earthquake, Indonesia
Authors: Brunsdon Dave , Bothara Jitendra , Stannard Mike , Beetham Dick , Brown Roger , Hyland Clark , Lewis Warren , Miller Scott , Sanders Rebecca , Sulistio Yakso
Published: September 2019

A ten-member team of engineers was deployed by NZAID and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering to assist Indonesian local and provincial agencies with rapid structural assessments of earthquake-affected buildings in and around Padang. This was the first time that a team of New Zealand engineers had been operationally deployed outside the Pacific region following a major earthquake.

An accompanying paper describes the earthquake and its impacts, and the general observations of the team. This paper outlines the experiences of a team of 10 New Zealand structural engineers deployed on a volunteer basis for two weeks to undertake the deployment process, the arrangements that the team operated under in Padang, the tasks undertaken and the outputs and outcomes achieved. The lessons for building safety evaluation processes in New Zealand are also presented, along with the resulting enhancements to arrangements.
Seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings in the September 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake
Authors: Kam Weng Y. , Pampanin Stefano , Dhakal Rajesh , Gavin Henri P. , Roeder Charles
Published: September 2019

This paper describes observations of damage to reinforced concrete buildings from the September 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquakes. Data was collated from first-hand earthquake reconnaissance observations by the authors, post-earthquake surveys, and communications and meetings with structural engineers in Christchurch. The paper discusses the general performance of several reinforced concrete building classes: pre-1976 low-rise, pre-1976 medium rise, modern low- and mid-rise, modern high-rise, industrial tilt-up buildings, advanced seismic systems and ground-failure induced damaged and retrofitted RC buildings. Preliminary lessons are highlighted and discussed. In general, reinforced concrete buildings behaved well and as expected, given the intensity of this event.
Preliminary observations of the effects of the 2010 Darfield earthquake on the base-isolated Christchurch Women's Hospital
Authors: Gavin Henri P. , Wilkinson Grant
Published: September 2019

The Christchurch Women's Hospital, completed in March 2005, is the only base-isolated building in the South Island of New Zealand. The displacement capacity of the base-isolation system and the super-structure ductility capacity are designed to meet 2000-year return-period demands. Detailed structural evaluations after the 2010 Darfield Earthquake revealed damage only to sacrificial non-structural components at the seismic gaps. Because the structure is not instrumented, basic design information and ground motion records from nearby sites are used to estimate the responses to the main shock and a large after-shock. Results from this modelling effort are used to corroborate reports of structural response from staff present at the time of the main shock and aftershocks. Issues meriting further investigation are related to the local site conditions, soil-structure interaction, super-structure dynamics, interaction with the adjacent structures, and large-deformation effects.
Preliminary observations of the Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake
Authors: Deam Bruce L. , Comerio Mary , Clendon Jeff
Published: September 2019

The University of Canterbury campus on the west side of Christchurch has a range of building types built since the late 1950s. The building stock is predominantly 3-12 storey concrete construction. About one third of campus buildings had some secondary and non-structural damage during the earthquake, while about three quarters had contents damaged; filing cabinets overturned, books off shelves, shelves overturned, fallen lab equipment, broken glassware. The secondary structural damage was primarily to stairs, finishes at seismic joints, ceilings and elevators. This paper outlines the impacts the earthquake had on the campus buildings, in terms of structural, secondary structural and contents damage. It also outlines the post-earthquake recovery process and downtime.
Performance of residential houses in the Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake
Authors: Buchanan Andrew H. , Newcombe Michael P.
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on the observed seismic performance of residential houses (mainly single-storey and two-storey houses) in the Darfield earthquake on 4 September 2010 and identifies potential research areas for remediation and resilience.

Overall the residential building stock, consisting predominately of light timber frame construction, performed very well, with very little structural damage due to ground shaking. The most significant structural damage to houses was from differential settlement of foundations, induced by soil liquefaction and/or lateral spreading. Many older buildings (more than 20 years old) suffered damage due to falling chimneys. Close to the fault rupture, in areas such as West Melton and Rolleston, there was significant damage to building contents due to strong shaking, and a few broken windows. Away from the fault zone, very few windows were broken in any buildings, indicating limited inter-storey drift.

Research needs were identified associated mainly with the design and repair of houses on liquefaction-prone soils.
Observations of the performance of earth buildings following the September 2010 Darfield earthquake
Authors: Morris Hugh , Walker Richard , Drupsteen Thijs
Published: September 2019

A reconnaissance survey of earth walled buildings in the Canterbury area was carried out in mid October 2010 following the Darfield Earthquake. Fifteen earth walled buildings were inspected during the survey including historic earthbuildings and recently constructed reinforced earthbuildings.

Reinforced earth houses constructed since the 1990s performed well provided the overall wall bracing was adequate and detailing of the reinforcement and connections was generally in accordance with the NZ Earth Building Standards. Several unreinforced earth buildings constructed before 1930 (or reconstructed historic buildings) suffered significant structural damage and will require reconstruction or substantial repair. Unreinforced rammed earth buildings, and reinforced cinva ram brick buildings, constructed between 1930 and 1990 with reinforced concrete foundations and bond beams and adequate overall wall bracing generally performed moderately well given the level of shaking they experienced.

Minor cracking was observed in all but one of modern houses, performance was good where reinforcement and construction complied with the New Zealand Standards. Where buildings did not comply the damage could have been prevented by following the Standards.
Damage to potable water reservoirs in the Darfield earthquake
Authors: Davey Robert A.
Published: September 2019

The Mw 7.1 earthquake that struck 40 km west of Christchurch on 4 September 2010 provided a good test of the robustness of the water storage and distribution system of one of our major cities to provide a secure supply of water.

In this paper we present damage data from inspections of 54 reservoirs that were undertaken on behalf of Christchurch City Council and other owners. These included concrete, steel and timber tanks, five of which collapsed and four severely damaged.
The Comparison of Acute Toxicity (96h) of Copper (CuSO4) in Cyprinus Carpio and Rutilus Rutilus
Authors: Farhangi Mohamad , Jafaryan Hojatolah
Published: September 2019

The experiments were conducted to study of the acute toxicity of Cyprinus carpio and Rutilus rutilus by added copper salt in basins. 13 fishes with average weight of 2±0.5g to Rutilus rutilus and 20±2.2g Cyprinus carpio were exposed to different concentrations of copper salt respectively.

The experiments were done by Static Method during 96 hours. A group of fish was considered as control samples. The different concentrations of copper such as 0, 0.1, and 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.45 and 5mgL-1 were used to Rutilus rutilus and Cyprinus carpio fishes. Under stable condition (TOC and pH), the lethal concentration of copper was measured of 0.4mgL-1 and 0.45mgL-1 to Rutilus rutilus and Cyprinus carpio respectively during of 96 hours. The results indicated the significant differences were observed between treatments of fish with each other and also with the control samples.

With increasing of copper in each treatment, the mortality rate of fish significantly was increased. Histopathological findings showed that major lesions were hemorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia and epithelial cells necrosis in total fish. Also in the lesion fish were observed degenerated tubules of their kidney, expansion of Bowman's capsule and hepatocytes necrosis.
Reviewer acknowledgements for Environment and Pollution, Vol. 8, No. 2
Authors: John Albert
Published: September 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Environment and Pollution, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2019.
Does Knowledge about Earthquake Vary with Respondent’s Socio-Demographic Dimensions? A Study in Sylhet City of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Mufti
Published: September 2019

The prime and foremost purpose of this study was to explore climate change perception among indigenous people living in Sylhet, Bangladesh. This study also tried to investigate the nexus between some socio-demographic dimensions of the respondents and their perception regarding climate change. The present study followed descriptive-explanative research design where survey method used to collect necessary data. In case of survey method, a self-developed semi structured questionnaire was provided to the respondents for collecting relevant data. Total number of population was 75 and 63 respondents has been interviewed following the sample size estimation of Nurul Islam (2011). Findings of this study revealed that, there is a statistically significant difference between some socio-demographic dimensions (like; Age, Family type, Education and Income) and climate change perception. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship found between Gender, Religion, Savings and climate c...
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 9, No. 5
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: September 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 9, No. 5, 2019. 
Rainfall Variability and Food Crop Vulnerability in Ndu Sub-Division, North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Chiambah Chiarity Zetem , Kometa Cordelia G.
Published: September 2019

Little scientific evidence exists in the context of climate variability and food crop production in Ndu. This study seeks to assess the impact of rainfall variability on food crop vulnerability in Ndu Sub-Division. The primary data were gotten through field surveys. A total of 200 farmers were sampled and questionnaires were administered to them. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed to analyze the data. Results were presented in tables and climographs. Formulated hypotheses were tested using the least square regression model to establish the extent of exposure and sensitivity of rainfall variability on food crop production. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to describe the trends of variations in rainfall. Statistically, rainfall accounted for 19.5% of variability in maize production while 50.87% accounted for variability in beans production. Furthermore, 30.1% accounted for variations in potatoes production. From these statistics it was then concluded that rainfall variability minimally affects maize and beans but had a significant effect on maize production in Ndu. The research study also revealed that rainfall shows a decreasing trend. The study recommended, amongst others the need for farmers to adopt more sustainable agricultural practices and the increased use of more resistant crop species that can withstand exposure and sensitivity to rainfall variability. The study concluded that a bottom-up approach should be employed in order to improve on the adaptive capacities of the agricultural sector in Ndu.
Growth, yield, and quality responses of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) to nitrogen fertilizer rate and timing of its application
Authors: Mekonnen Behailu , Garedew Weyessa
Published: September 2019

Soil fertility decline is one of the factors that result in low productivity of turmeric (Curcuma longa, Zingiberaceae Lindl.,) in Ethiopia. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of N rate and time of application on growth, yield, and quality of turmeric crops in Ethiopia. The trial consisted of five N rates: 0, 46, 69, 92, 115 kg ha−1, and five split application times: full dose at emergence, two times (1/2), three times (1/3), four times (1/4), and five times (1/5) equally split applications, arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Plant heights, tiller number per plant, pseudo-stem girth, mother and finger rhizome numbers and weights, fresh rhizome yield, oleoresin and essential oil contents – all were significantly affected by the interaction effects of N rate and time of application. The three times split application of 115 kg N ha−1 produced higher values of these crop characteristics. This application rate also produced a better yield and quality than did two times of application, the most commonly used practice. Therefore, turmeric producers in southwestern Ethiopia should apply 115 kg N ha−1 in three equally split applications to improve turmeric yield and quality.
Instrumente der ambulanten Bedarfsplanung – ein Vergleich ausgewählter europäischer Länder
Authors: Kleinke Fabian , Nowack Anne , Kistemann Thomas , Schang Laura , Sundmacher Leonie , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Berg Neeltje van den
Published: September 2019

Deutschland hat im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern eine sehr strukturierte und umfassende Bedarfsplanung der ambulanten haus- und fachärztlichen Versorgung. In diesem Beitrag werden die Systeme der ambulanten Bedarfsplanung in Österreich, Schweden, Niederlanden und England verglichen. Diskutiert wird, ob Aspekte der Bedarfsplanung in anderen Ländern die Bedarfsplanung in Deutschland sinnvoll ergänzen können.
Populationsbezogene Krankenhausplanung – Keine Chance für „kleine Häuser“?
Authors: Greiner Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Der Sachverständigenrat Gesundheit hat sich in seinem Gutachten aus dem Jahr 2018 eingehend mit Potentialen einer sektorübergreifenden Versorgung befasst und sich unter anderem auch der Frage gewidmet, welche Herausforderungen bei der Planung und Finanzierung zukunftsweisender Krankenhausstrukturen bestehen. Daraus hat der Rat eine Reihe von Empfehlungen abgeleitet. Der folgende Beitrag basiert auf diesen Überlegungen und Schlussfolgerungen und soll einen aktualisierten Überblick über den momentanen Diskussionsstand geben.
Medizinische Versorgungszentren und angestellte Ärzte – Versorgungsrelevant oder nur Geschäftsmodell?
Authors: Velling Peter
Published: September 2019

Der ambulante Sektor befindet sich hinsichtlich seiner Strukturen ebenso im Fluss wie mit Blick auf die Eigenwahrnehmung und das Selbstverständnis seiner Akteure. Deshalb wird der Konsens zwischen Ärzteschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft beständig neu verhandelt werden müssen. Hierbei ist absehbar, dass auch künftig die MVZ eine umstrittene Stellung einnehmen werden, da sie in einer Art symbolhafter Zuspitzung schlichtweg alle Elemente vereinen, die das heutige Gesundheitswesen von dem der ‚guten, alten Zeit‘ unterscheiden. Ein Zwischenbericht.
Organspende in Deutschland braucht eine höhere Wertschätzung
Authors: Rahmel Axel
Published: September 2019

Seit 35 Jahren unterstützt die Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation (DSO) die Krankenhäuser bei der Koordinierung der Organspende. Aus medizinischer Sicht ist die Transplantationsmedizin eine Erfolgsgeschichte. So könnte noch wesentlich mehr Patienten auf den Wartelisten geholfen werden, wenn mehr Organe für eine Transplantation zur Verfügung stünden. Die Entwicklung der Organspendezahlen hatte in 2017 ihren niedrigsten Stand der letzten 20 Jahre erreicht. Bereits auf ihrem Jahreskongress im November 2017 forderte die DSO einen Initiativplan mit Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Organspende. In diesem Jahr wurden gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen, die an den Schwachstellen ansetzen, die die DSO gemeinsam mit den Kliniken identifiziert hatte.
Wenn Annahmen zu Ergebnissen werden
Authors: Dräther Hendrik , Kneißl Veronika
Published: September 2019

Frank Schulze Ehring und Shereen Chaibi kommen in ihrem Beitrag, der ein Auszug aus dem „PKV-Regionalatlas Bayern“ ist, zu dem Schluss, dass Ärzte sich nicht dort niederlassen, wo sie die höheren PKV-Mehrumsätze erzielen. Damit könne die Frage, „Ziehen Privatversicherte Ärzte an?“, verneint werden. Das lässt sich aus dieser Studie jedoch nicht ableiten. Der folgende Artikel analysiert die empirischen Grundlagen und Schlussfolgerungen von Schulze Ehring und Chaibi und kommt zu einem anderen Ergebnis.
Obesity: An Inevitable Consequence of Urbanization
Authors: Farshidi Hossein , Ezati Rad Roghaye , Eghbal Eftekhaari Tasnim , Nikparvar Marzieh , Montaseri Maryam
Published: September 2019

Background: Today, obesity is a key healthcare problem on a global scale including Iran. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Hormozgan province, Iran to propose effective healthcare programs and strategies to reduce this dilemma in future. Objectives: The current study conducted in the South of Iran aimed at exploring the prevalence of overweigh and obesity in males and females in terms of social variables affected by demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level, smoking, and physical activity. Methods: In the current cross sectional, observational study, a sample of 5000 eligible males and females above 18 years old were selected based on a multi-stratified clustering sampling method. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of variables such as weight, height, drug consumption, and physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The present study findings revealed that 31.8% of the population in Hormozgan province was overweight, while only 15.2% were obese. The highest percentage of obesity (18.3%) was observed among the subjects aged 35 - 44 years. The prevalence of obesity among females was higher in urban population. Conclusions: The current study results showed that the urban married middle-aged females had the highest rate of obesity, which requires appropriate educational planning and utilization of efficient models in the realm of females’ health.
Connection Between Resistance to Organizational Change and Psychological Resistance of an Individual
Authors: Prib Hlib A. , Gromova Zlata V.
Published: September 2019

Resistance to organizational change as a facet of psychological resistance of an individual is a widespread phenomenon through which countries, organizations and individuals suffer significant losses. The increasing amount of articles and scientific papers researching the phenomenon of change resistance published for the past 50 year serves as an indicator that the problem of people resisting the implementation of change has not yet been fully studied. Yet the relevance of the issue is far from decreasing as companies keep sustaining considerable losses with the desired changes failing to be implemented as suggested by multiple studies. We believe there is an insufficiently researched aspect of this issue. The purpose of the article is to establish a clear connection between resistance to organizational change and psychological resistance. We believe that such a connection attesting to change resistance being a psychological phenomenon will shift the focus of future research from the organizational or managerial standpoint to viewing change resistance in a psychological dimension. A thorough analysis of previously conducted studies serves as a basis for revealing commonalities between the reason for change resistance and psychological resistance. A chart representing own classification of the reasons for change resistance and psychological resistance illustrating the similarities of the two phenomena can be found in the article. The present study further explores the connections of various strengths that can be seen between the two phenomena and proposes a summary spreadsheet demonstrating the research findings. The article concluded a comparative classification of the reasons for PR and RC appearance, it was stated the connections differ in terms of strengths and permanence.
Uma revisão da Teoria dos Stakeholders e principais pontos de controvérsias
Authors: Teixeira Neto José Maria Franco
Published: September 2019

Os stakeholders são pessoas ou grupos que dependem de uma organização para alcançarem seus objetivos e metas, e de quem, por sua vez, a organização depende. Sendo esta uma definição demasiadamente ampla, a operacionalização da mesma pode envolver maior seletividade, implicando na adoção de critérios que apenas retêm os stakeholders detentores de direitos ‘legítimos’, seja a priorização em função da ‘urgência’ pela atenção dos administradores. Por sua vez, os modelos de governança predominantes nos manuais de gestão financeira estipulam, sem o questionarem, que o propósito primordial dos gestores das empresas é a maximização do valor da empresa e, indiretamente do ‘valor residual’ dos detentores do capital. Deste ponto de vista, a perspectiva que defende os direitos dos stakeholders seria abusiva e delapidaria valor. Neste essay, revê-se alguma da literatura seminal da teoria dos stakeholders, a fim de se rever o conceito, descreverem as grandes correntes de pensamento nesta área e analisarem, ainda que brevemente, as bases teóricas dos principais ataques a esta teoria, que foram identificadas por Freeman como sendo a ‘Falácia da Separabilidade’ e a ‘Falácia da Neutralidade’.