bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MATURITY LEVEL OF ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN MEDIUM-SIZED PRIORITY SECTOR COMPANIES IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Leng Pwee , Basuki Basuki , Setiawan Rahmat
Published: February 2023

This study aims to measure the maturity level of Enterprise Risk Management in medium-sized priority sector companies in East Java. Studies on the application of ERM were previously focused more on big companies and tended to be carried out abroad and still gave inconsistent results. In addition, the number of studies on previous ERM that addressed the practice of its application on companies has not been that many. There are several studies on ERM conducted in Indonesia, however, the research objective focuses on the financial services industry referring to large companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Although several studies have yielded significant results for application in medium-sized companies, they are only centered on construction services companies. There are 16 indicators used to measure the maturity level of ERM implementation in this study that have been adjusted to the characteristics of medium-sized industrial companies in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that all medium-sized industrial companies in East Java have implemented integrated risk management (ERM) and have reached the optimal maturity level in implementing ERM. The results of the study also found that the automotive and electronics industry sectors are 2 industrial sectors that have the highest level of maturity in implementing ERM. Meanwhile, the lowest maturity level occurred in the food and beverage industry sector.
Changes in assistance and care in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle in times of coronavirus / Mudanças da assistência e cuidado no ciclo gravídico-puerperal em tempos de coronavírus
Authors: Oliveira Gabrielle Adeliano Pereira de , Seabra da Silva Jozeane , Barbosa dos Santos Priscila , Valim de Souza Sandy , Veronica Cardoso Vernaglia Taís , Rodrigues da Rocha Cristiane
Published: February 2023

Objetivos: conhecer os procedimentos e cuidados específicos prestados à gestante, à puérpera e ao neonato em tempos de pandemia e analisar as mudanças na assistência pré-natal, no trabalho de parto, no parto e no puerpério durante a pandemia de coronavírus. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório englobando 26 mulheres. As entrevistas foram realizadas via plataforma Google Forms, com perguntas fechadas e abertas. Resultados: do estudo emergiram duas categorias: 1) Influência do isolamento social no surgimento de distúrbios mentais; 2) Adaptações com perdas de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, sociais e trabalhistas. Conclusão: a saúde mental e os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, sociais e trabalhistas mostraram-se em maior vulnerabilidade nas mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação e o pós-parto na pandemia de coronavírus.
Modification of UHPC Matrix and Fiber Surface for Improving the Mechanical Performance of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Oh Taekgeun , Kim Gi-woong , Lee Seung Won , Yoo Doo-yeol
Published: February 2023

In this study, filler and silica fume were substituted by Liquid crystal display glass powder (LCDGP) and nanosilica, respectively, to improve the performance of ultra-high- performance fiber-reinforced concrete. In addition, the surface of steel fiber was modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution to improve the interfacial friction between the fiber and Ultra-high-performanceconcrete (UHPC) matrix. Both LCDGP and nanosilica reacted with calcium hydroxide to form hydrates, and the fiber surface roughness increased owing to the EDTA treatment. When LCDGP was used, the compressive strength decreased owing to a decrease in packing density; however, the compressive and tensile strengths of Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) were improved on using nanosilica. It was observed that the surface modification of the fiber increased the friction force between the UHPC and fiber interface; therefore, it was more effective in improving the tensile strength than the compressive strength.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Coating Thickness of Fabric-type Thermal Insulation Paint to Reduce Rail Temperatures in Summer
Authors: Park Juyeop , Kang Donghoon
Published: February 2023

The thermal expansion of rails during summer causes buckling, which is a primary cause of major accidents such as train derailments. Although operating organizations have been making various efforts to solve this problem, the effect is insignificant. Therefore, thermal insulation paint has been recently applied to rail tracks to confirm its excellent temperature reduction effect and sustainable durability. However, the painting method is time-consuming for on-site construction and uniform work quality is difficult to maintain because it is greatly affected by the outdoor environment. Therefore, in this study, we developed a fabric-type thermal insulation paint that can be pre-fabricated with uniform quality and easily installed and dismantled on-site. In particular, fabrics suitable for applying thermal insulation paints were selected, and the effect of the coating thickness on the thermal insulation performance was evaluated. In the future, the application of fabric-type thermal insulation paint is expected to contribute to the efficient temperature reduction of rails in summer and improve driving safety.
Potential Performance Assessment of Coastal Urban Sewer Network according to Sea Level Rise
Authors: Kim Dong Jun , Song Yang Ho , Lee Jung Ho
Published: February 2023

The rise in sea levels due to climate change causes a decrease in the discharge capacity of sewer pipes and an increase in the risk of urban inundation due to the encroaching of outfall to the coast. Therefore, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate and predict the increasing degree of risk to properly respond to the risk of inundation that is aggravated by the effects of rising sea levels. In this study, two research areas were selected in consideration of the regional characteristics of the coastal area and the sea level rise scenarios. In the selected research areas, the performance of the sewer network was quantified through a reliability technique. Accordingly, the change in the Disaster Prevention Performance Target Rainfall according to the sea level rise was analyzed and reevaluated. The results showed that the target rainfall for disaster prevention performance by rainfall duration in Wando was 35.6% to 41.7% and in Sacheon, it was 36.7% to 67.5% under the influence of the approximate highest high water. This study presented a plan to adjust the target rainfall for disaster prevention performance, which should be raised in consideration of the sea level rise to meet the current target rainfall for disaster prevention performance. In response to the flood risk of coastal cities increasing due to rising sea levels, the results of this study are expected to serve as basic data to establish disaster reduction strategies for coastal cities.
What Is Parent-Child Interaction Therapy?
Authors: Curtin Michelle , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: February 2023

This Patient Page describes what parent-child interaction therapy is and who can benefit from this type of therapy.
[K2PbX][Ga7S12] (X = Cl, Br, I): The First Lead‐Containing Cationic Moieties with Ultrahigh Second‐Harmonic Generation and Band Gaps Exceeding the Criterion of 2.33 eV
Authors: Chen Wen‐Fa , Liu Bin‐Wen , Pei Shao‐Min , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: February 2023

In contrast to anionic group theory of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials that second‐harmonic generation (SHG) responses mainly originate from anionic groups, structural regulation on the cationic groups of salt‐inclusion chalcogenides (SICs) is performed to make them also contribute to the NLO effects. Herein, the stereochemically active lone–electron‐pair Pb2+ cation is first introduced to the cationic groups of NLO SICs, and the resultant [K2PbX][Ga7S12] (X = Cl, Br, I) are isolated via solid‐state method. The features of their three‐dimensional structures comprise highly oriented [Ga7S12]3− and [K2PbX]3+ frameworks derived from AgGaS2, which display the largest phase‐matching SHG intensities (2.5−2.7 × AgGaS2 @1800 nm) among all SICs. Concurrently, three compounds manifest band gap values of 2.54, 2.49, and 2.41 eV (exceeding the criterion of 2.33 eV), which can avoid two‐photon absorption under the fundamental laser of 1064 nm, along with the relatively low anisotropy of thermal expansion coefficients, leading to improved laser‐induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) values of 2.3, 3.8, and 4.0 times that of AgGaS2. In addition, the density of states and SHG coefficient calculations demonstrate that the Pb2+ cations narrow the band gaps and benefit SHG responses.
Photosynthetic and antioxidant‐related properties in blueberry under low‐ and high‐density covering material
Authors: González‐Villagra Jorge , Tighe‐Neira Ricardo , González Tania , González Abel , Reyes‐Díaz Marjorie , Inostroza‐Blancheteau Claudio
Published: February 2023

Covering material is an important tool to reduce damage from extreme weather events, especially in horticultural species. However, physiological and biochemical responses to covering material are still limited in woody plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate covering material effects on photosynthetic and antioxidant performance in blueberry cv. Legacy to high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) covering treatments under field conditions during two consecutive seasons. Our results showed that net photosynthesis (Pn) was reduced in LDPE compared to uncovered treatment during the first season. Interestingly, Pn increased 10% in HDPE compared to uncovered and LDPE treatments. Stomatal conductance (gs) was not affected by covering material; meanwhile, the transpiration (E) only showed a 22% increment in LDPE. HDPE exhibited the highest chlorophyll a in the 2018/2019 season compared to the uncovering treatment, as well as chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b ratio, but during the 2017/2018 season. A tendency to decrease chlorophyll a level in uncovered plants and LDPE treatment was observed during the 2018/2019 season. Antioxidant activity showed no differences among covering materials. By contrast, phenols increased in LDPE treatment followed by control plants, showing HDPE treatment the lower values during 2018/2019. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that blueberry plants subjected to HDPE treatment showed better Pn and chlorophyll levels than uncovered and LDPE treatments, which could be associated with the diffuse transmittance in HDPE, whereas a high E and phenols were observed in LDPE, whereas intrinsic water use efficiency was lower, which is related to high direct transmittance in this covering material during the summer season.
Structural characterization and oil displacement performance testing of oil‐based supramolecular systems based on polyacrylamide
Authors: Qu Jin , Ma Xinru , Miao Guohao , Yang Yu , Zheng Junping , Liu Xiaofei
Published: February 2023

Polyacrylamide nanospheres are widely used as recovery‐enhancing polymers in low‐permeability oil fields. However, with the further exploitation of oil fields in recent years, the performance of the regulating drive system has been put forward to higher requirements, so this study of the structure and oil displacement performance of the oil‐based supramolecular system based on polyacrylamide, and further discusses its oil displacement mechanism. The results show that the viscosity value of the oil‐based supramolecular system increases significantly, which can effectively improve the mobility ratio and improve swept volume. The ability of the system to remove crude oil from the slides is significantly increased, and the mathematical relationships are discussed. The oil displacement efficiency of the oil‐based supramolecular system in different dispersion media was explored in combination with microchannels of a nonhomogeneous multistage bifurcation structure. This work supports the practical application of oil‐based supramolecular nanospheres in oil fields.
Distribution patterns of nearshore aggregations of olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Rushikulya, Odisha, India: Implications for spatial management measures
Authors: Rao Chetan , Pusapati Chandana , M Muralidharan , Kale Nupur , Barnes Alissa , Shanker Kartik
Published: February 2023

Sea turtles are known to migrate large distances between their foraging and breeding grounds. Olive ridley turtles migrate annually in November to the east coast of India from their foraging grounds in the Bay of Bengal and form large aggregations at Gahirmatha and Rushikulya, two globally significant mass nesting rookeries in Odisha. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal variation in their nearshore distribution prior to the mass nesting events, which typically occur between February and April.

Inter‐ and intra‐annual variations in the density and distribution of olive ridley turtles were examined in the nearshore waters of Rushikulya from 2012 to 2022. The densities of turtles were estimated for each field season and aggregations were spatially delineated using minimum convex polygons.

There was considerable interannual variation in turtle abundance, which typically increased from December to February in Rushikulya. Turtle densities in nearshore waters did not correspond to the presence or absence of mass nesting, thus suggesting that management decisions cannot be based only on nesting beach estimates.

Turtle aggregations in Rushikulya were spatially and temporally dynamic and were typically concentrated around the nesting beach. However, they occupied only a small fraction of the area designated as a no‐fishing zone, which suggests that these regulations need to be reassessed. As the no‐fishing zones impose high costs on fishers, it is critical to look at alternative protection measures, such as dynamic spatial closures, developed in consultation with local fishers.
How does family support influence digital immigrants' extended use of smartphones? An empirical study based on IT identity theory
Authors: Fang Zian , Liu Yongmei , Jiang Fei , Dong Wei
Published: February 2023

The number of digital immigrants using new technologies such as smartphones is rapidly increasing. However, digital immigrants still struggle to actually use and benefit from digital technology. This article examines the role of family support in digital immigrants' use of more smartphone functions based on information technology (IT) identity theory. We surveyed 241 digital immigrants who owned smartphones and used structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) for analysis. We examined the contributing roles of family support for digital immigrants' IT identity and extended use behavior. Family cognitive and emotional support can shape IT identity by improving the smartphone‐related experience. Family support has a positive impact on digital immigrants' self‐efficacy, embeddedness, perceived usefulness, and perceived enjoyment of using a smartphone. Positive usage experience can also facilitate the establishment of IT identity, which is a key predictor of smartphone use behavior. A strong IT identity also promotes extended use behavior. We discuss the contributions and implications of our findings.
A new 90‐day drinking water study of sodium cyanide in rats to further evaluate National Toxicology Program findings and inform risk assessment
Authors: Tyner Melinda C. , Greeley Melanie A.
Published: February 2023

Background

The National Toxicology Program (NTP, 1993) reported male reproductive effects in a sodium cyanide (NaCN) drinking water study. The critical effect, decreased cauda epididymis weights, was used by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for their hazard characterization and risk assessment of hydrogen cyanide and cyanide salts. To further investigate potential male reproductive effects, we conducted a new 90‐day drinking water study.

Methods

Our study expanded evaluations of testes and thyroid. Male F344 rats received NaCN in drinking water at 0, 0 (water restricted; paired to top dose), 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 ppm for 13 weeks, followed by 10‐weeks recovery.

Results

Plasma thiocyanate increased dose‐dependently but returned to baseline during recovery. NaCN caused neither effects on survival, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, thyroid hormones, testes or epididymides weights, sperm motility/viability, sperm morphology, or sperm production; nor clinical, ophthalmic, or histopathologic findings. Increased organ weights in thyroid/parathyroid and liver occurred at 300‐ppm but were recoverable. No changes occurred in male reproductive organs.

Conclusions

Absent adverse effects, the NOAEL was 300 ppm (21.66 mg/kg/day; highest dose tested). Based on organ weight increases at 300 ppm, the NOEL was 100 ppm (7.46 mg/kg/day).
Intergenerational trauma: A silent contributor to mental health deterioration in Afghanistan
Authors: Ullah Hamid , Ahmed Hafsa , Tharwani Zoaib Habib , Shaeen Sean Kaisser , Rahmat Zainab Syyeda , Essar Mohammad Yasir
Published: February 2023

Multiple theories, including family systems, epigenetics, attachments, and many others, have proposed mechanisms for trauma transmission from generation to generation. Intergenerational trauma is today one of the most important psychosocial issues affecting Afghans’ mental health and psychology, with the potential to affect subsequent generations. A variety of factors have impacted the mental health of the Afghan population over the years, including years of conflict, socioeconomic instability, natural disasters, chronic drought conditions, economic turmoil, and food insecurity, all of which have been exacerbated by recent political turbulence and the The Coronavirus pandemic COVID‐19 pandemic that has further increased the susceptibility to intergenerational trauma among the Afghan population. International bodies must play a role in addressing intergenerational trauma among Afghans. Breaking the chain in future generations will be possible by resolving political issues, providing adequate health facilities, financial support, and eliminating stigmas associated with mental health issues.
Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine case report
Authors: Gonzalez Susan , Levine David M.
Published: February 2023

We describe a case of an otherwise healthy 60‐year‐old female patient who presented 6 days after receipt of the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine and was found to have upper extremity deep venous thrombosis.
Leaving obstacles aside: Antegrade paravalvular leakage closure after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Martinez Javier , Alperi Alberto , Silva Iria , Pascual Isaac , Ledesma David , Alvarez Rut , Almendarez Marcel , Avanzas Pablo , del Valle Raquel , Moris Cesar
Published: February 2023

Paravalvular leakage (PVL) is yet a potential and serious complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Percutaneous PVL closure may be the treatment of choice upon failure of balloon postdilation in patients with excessive surgical risk. If the retrograde approach fails, an antegrade strategy might provide the solution.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis and elevated bullous interleukin‐6 levels: Responsive to treatment with Anti‐IL‐6 receptor monoclonals
Authors: Jordan Stanley C. , Balzer Bonnie , Nast Cynthia , Atienza Janet , Lim Katherine , Kumar Sanjeev , Nissen Nicholas , Shin Bongha
Published: February 2023

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is  a rare autoimmune/inflammatory skin condition. Here, we report on a patient who developed treatment resistant LABD. At diagnosis, elevations of IL‐6 and C‐reactive protein in the blood and extreme elevations of IL‐6 in LABD bullous fluid were seen. The patient responded well to tocilizumab (anti‐IL‐6 receptor) treatment.
Single visit rehabilitation of 12‐day neonate with cleft palate using modified feeding spoon impression technique: A case report
Authors: Chandwani Neelam , Nandan Monika , Jadhav Ganesh , Pawar Ajinkya Mansing , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Marya Anand
Published: February 2023

The rehabilitation of the cleft requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a pediatrician, surgeon, otolaryngologist, speech therapist, orthodontist, prosthodontist, and psychologist. The present case report illustrates the rehabilitation of a 12‐day‐old neonate with a cleft palate. Since the palatal arch of the neonate was very small, a feeding spoon was innovatively modified to obtain the impression. The obturator was fabricated on the same day and delivered in one appointment.
Impact of chiral ligands on photophysical and electro‐optical properties of β‐diketonate europium complexes in circularly polarized OLEDs
Authors: Zinna Francesco , Pasini Mariacecilia , Cabras Matteo , Scavia Guido , Botta Chiara , Di Bari Lorenzo , Giovanella Umberto
Published: February 2023

Luminescent lanthanide complexes exhibiting chiroptical properties are attracting attention for their application in chiral optoelectronics and photonics, thanks to their unique optical properties, allied to intraconfigurational f–f transitions, which are generally electric‐dipole‐forbidden and can be magnetic dipole‐allowed, which in an appropriate environment can lead to high dissymmetry factors and strong luminescence, in the presence of an antenna ligand. However, because luminescence and chiroptical activity are governed by different selection rules, their successful application in commonly used technologies is still an expectation. Recently, we showed that europium complexes bearing β‐diketonates acting as luminescence sensitizers, and chiral bis(oxazolinyl) pyridine derivatives as the chirality inducer, reasonably perform in circularly polarized (CP) organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Indeed, europium β‐diketonate complexes are an interesting molecular starting point, given their strong luminescence and their established use in conventional (i.e., nonpolarized) OLEDs. In this context, it is interesting to investigate in detail the impact of the ancillary chiral ligand on complex emission properties and the performances of corresponding CP‐OLEDs. Here we show that, by incorporating the chiral compound as emitter in the architecture of solution processed electroluminescent devices, CP emission is retained, and the efficiency of the device is comparable to reference unpolarized OLED. The observed remarkable dissymmetry values strengthen the position of chiral lanthanide‐OLEDs as CP‐emitting devices.
The expression of chirality in linked poly(thiophene)s
Authors: Timmermans Birgitt , De Winter Julien , Gerbaux Pascal , Koeckelberghs Guy
Published: February 2023

Conjugated polymers have demonstrated to express chirality, for instance, by strong circular dichroism (CD). However, the shape and intensity of the spectra can be quite different and are very difficult to predict. Molecular irregularity, star‐shapes, and linking polymers have demonstrated to affect the CD, often in a positive way. In this research, we design two different chiral arms, in which the molecular irregularity results in a significantly different CD. Next, the arms are coupled to a linear core in all possible combinations. In this way, we demonstrate that rather small irregularities and linking arms to a central core increases CD, whereas heterogenous combinations result in smaller CD.
An in silico approach to determine inter‐subunit affinities in human septin complexes
Authors: Grupp Benjamin , Lemkul Justin A. , Gronemeyer Thomas
Published: February 2023

The septins are a conserved family of filament‐forming guanine nucleotide binding proteins, often named the fourth component of the cytoskeleton. Correctly assembled septin structures are required for essential intracellular processes such as cytokinesis, vesicular transport, polarity establishment, and cellular adhesion. Structurally, septins belong to the P‐Loop NTPases but they do not mediate signals to effectors through GTP binding and hydrolysis. GTP binding and hydrolysis are believed to contribute to septin complex integrity, but biochemical approaches addressing this topic are hampered by the stability of septin complexes after recombinant expression and the lack of nucleotide‐depleted complexes. To overcome this limitation, we used a molecular dynamics‐based approach to determine inter‐subunit binding free energies in available human septin dimer structures and in their apo forms, which we generated in silico. The nucleotide in the GTPase active subunits SEPT2 and SEPT7, but not in SEPT6, was identified as a stabilizing element in the G interface. Removal of GDP from SEPT2 and SEPT7 results in flipping of a conserved Arg residue and disruption of an extensive hydrogen bond network in the septin unique element, concomitant with a decreased inter‐subunit affinity. Based on these findings we propose a singular “lock‐hydrolysis” mechanism stabilizing human septin filaments.
Evaluation of alternative gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric behaviour of trimethylsilyl‐derivatives of non‐hydrolysed sulfated anabolic steroids
Authors: Albertsdóttir Aðalheiður Dóra , Van Gansbeke Wim , Van Eenoo Peter , Polet Michael
Published: February 2023

Sulfated metabolites have shown to have potential as long‐term markers (LTMs) of anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse. The compatibility of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with trimethylsilyl (TMS)‐derivatives of non‐hydrolysed sulfated steroids has been demonstrated, where, after derivatisation, generally, two closely eluting isomers are formed that both have the same molecular ion [M‐H2SO4]•+. Sulfated reference standards are in limited commercial availability, and therefore, the current knowledge of the GC–MS behaviour of these compounds is mainly based on sulfating and analysing the available standard reference material. This procedure can unfortunately not cover all of the current known LTMs as these are often not available as pure substance. Therefore, in theory, some metabolites could be missed as they exhibit alternative behaviour. To investigate the matter, in‐house sulfated reference materials that bear resemblance to known sulfated LTMs were analysed on GC–MS in their TMS‐derivatised non‐hydrolysed state. The (alternative) gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric behaviour was mapped, evaluated and linked to the corresponding steroid structures. Afterwards, using fraction collection, known sulfated LTMs were isolated from excretion urine to confirm the observed findings. The categories that were selected were mono‐hydroxy‐diones, 17‐methyl‐3,17‐diols and 17‐keto‐3,16‐diols as these are commonly encountered AAS conformations. The ability to predict the GC–MS behaviour of non‐hydrolysed sulfated AAS metabolites is the corner stone of finding new metabolites. This knowledge is also essential, for example, for understanding AAS detection analyses, for the mass spectrometric characterization of metabolites of new designer steroids or when one needs to characterize an unknown steroid structure.
Environmental conditions and marine heatwaves influence blue whale foraging and reproductive effort
Authors: Barlow Dawn R. , Klinck Holger , Ponirakis Dimitri , Branch Trevor A. , Torres Leigh G.
Published: February 2023

Animal behavior is motivated by the fundamental need to feed and reproduce, and these behaviors can be inferred from spatiotemporal variations in biological signals such as vocalizations. Yet, linking foraging and reproductive effort to environmental drivers can be challenging for wide‐ranging predator species. Blue whales are acoustically active marine predators that produce two distinct vocalizations: song and D calls. We examined environmental correlates of these vocalizations using continuous recordings from five hydrophones in the South Taranaki Bight region of Aotearoa New Zealand to investigate call behavior relative to ocean conditions and infer life history patterns. D calls were strongly correlated with oceanographic drivers of upwelling in spring and summer, indicating associations with foraging effort. In contrast, song displayed a highly seasonal pattern with peak intensity in fall, which aligned with the timing of conception inferred from whaling records. Finally, during a marine heatwave, reduced foraging (inferred from D calls) was followed by lower reproductive effort (inferred from song intensity).
Left atrial enlargement is associated with pulmonary vascular disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Gard Emma K. , Beale Anna L. , Telles Fernando , Silvestry Frank E. , Hanff Thomas , Hummel Scott L. , Litwin Sheldon E. , Petrie Mark C. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Borlaug Barry A. , Burkhoff Dan , Komtebedde Jan , Kaye David M. , Nanayakkara Shane
Published: February 2023

Aims

Elevated left atrial (LA) pressure is a pathophysiologic hallmark of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Chronically elevated LA pressure leads to LA enlargement, which may impair LA function and increase pulmonary pressures. We sought to evaluate the relationship between LA volume and pulmonary arterial haemodynamics in patients with HFpEF.

Methods and results

Data from 85 patients (aged 69 ± 8 years) who underwent exercise right heart catheterization and echocardiography were retrospectively analysed. All had symptoms of heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% and haemodynamic features of HFpEF. Patients were divided into LA volume index‐based tertiles (≤34 ml/m2, >34 to ≤45 ml/m2, >45 ml/m2). A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with recorded LA global reservoir strain (n = 60), with reduced strain defined as ≤24%. Age, sex, body surface area and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar between volume groups. LA volume was associated with blunted increases in cardiac output with exercise (padjusted <0.001), higher resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (padjusted = 0.003), with similar wedge pressure (padjusted = 1). Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased with increasing LA volume (padjusted <0.001). Larger LA volumes featured reduced LA strain (padjusted <0.001), with reduced strain associated with reduced PVR–compliance time (0.34 [0.28–0.40] vs. 0.38 [0.33–0.43], p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Increasing LA volume may be associated with more advanced pulmonary vascular disease in HFpEF, featuring higher PVR and pulmonary pressures. Reduced LA function, worse at increasing LA volumes, is associated with a disrupted PVR–compliance relationship, further augmenting impaired pulmonary haemodynamics.
Field Availability and Avoidance of Imidacloprid-Treated Soybean Seeds and Cotyledons by Birds
Authors: Addy-Orduna Laura , Mateo Rafael
Published: February 2023

Treated seeds and their cotyledons can present a toxicological risk to seed-eating birds. To assess whether avoidance behavior limits exposure and consequently the risk to birds, three fields were sown with soybeans. Half of the surface of each field was sown with seeds treated with 42 g/100 kg seed of insecticide imidacloprid (T plot, treated) and the other half with seeds without imidacloprid (C plot, control). Unburied seeds were surveyed in C and T plots at 12 and 48 h post-sowing. Damaged seedlings were surveyed in C and T plots at 12 days post-sowing. The abundance and richness of birds was surveyed at the field level (without distinguishing between C and T plots) before, during, and after sowing, and 12 days post-sowing. Unburied seed density was higher in the headlands of the T plots than in the C plots, but did not differ between 12 and 48 h. The damage to cotyledons of seedlings was 15.4% higher in C plots than in T plots. The abundance and richness/ha of birds that eat seeds and cotyledons were lower after sowing, indicating a deterrent effect on birds by sowing imidacloprid-treated seeds. Although the variation in seed density over time does not allow solid conclusions to be drawn about the avoidance of seeds treated by birds, the seedling results suggest an aversive effect of imidacloprid-treated soybeans on birds. The dominant species was the eared dove (Zenaida auriculata), whose risk of acute poisoning by imidacloprid in soybean seeds and cotyledons was low, according to its toxicity exposure ratio, foraged area of concern, and foraged time of concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1049–1060. © 2023 SETAC
Assessment and the academic public intellectual
Authors: Bray Nathaniel J.
Published: February 2023

How should we account for and assess the work of the public intellectual? This chapter unpacks approaches to the assessment of the public intellectual to broadly consider the roles and functions of the academic public intellectual, examine how their roles fit within Boyer's domains of scholarship and how institutional structures both support and impinge upon intellectual activities. It then discusses how the assessment of public intellectuals can be more appropriately and objectively conducted using alternative metrics and clearer expectations for evaluation.
Orientations to the public in the academic profession
Authors: Johnson David R. , Ecklund Elaine Howard
Published: February 2023

What do academics think about their “responsibilities” to the public? This chapter provides a view of “the public intellectual” by examining how academics construct their relationship to the public. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with physicists at universities in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK), we illustrate a typological approach that could be applied to understanding the public intellectual in any academic discipline and points to implications for how universities and the academic profession can engage with the public. Academics should view themselves as stewards of the public good and be able to articulate how such a role is manifest in their work.
The prevalence of intestinal parasites, undernutrition and their associated risk factors among school‐age children in Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Debash Habtu , Alemu Megbaru , Bisetegn Habtye
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

In developing countries, intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition are among the most serious health issues affecting school‐aged children. They have synergetic consequences. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, undernutrition, and their associated risk factors among school‐age children.

Methods

A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021 among school‐age children in Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia. Households were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Risk factor variables were collected using pretested questionnaires. Stool samples were collected from study participants and examined using a wet mount, formol‐ether concentration, and modified acid‐fast techniques. The height and weight of children were also measured using a meter and a standard calibrated balance, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 statistical software.

Results

The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among school‐age children was 44.3% (178/402). About seven species of intestinal parasites were identified. The predominant parasite identified was E. histolytica/dispar (11.2%), followed by H. nana (9.2%) and G. lamblia (6.7%). The well as a source of drinking water (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.38–14.36), habit of open‐field defecation (AOR = 7.02; 95% CI: 13.05–12.06), and being undernourished (AOR = 5.67; 95% CI: 2.98–10.79) were independent predictors of intestinal parasitic infections. On the other hand, the overall prevalence of undernutrition was 46.3%. Undernutrition was significantly more likely in children with a dietary diversity score (DDS) of 3 (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.37–5.88), meal frequency of no more than three times per day (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.71–2.98), intestinal parasite infection (AOR = 5.25, 95% CI: 3.24–8.52), and no access to school‐based feeding (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 2.17–7.96).

Conclusion

The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and undernutrition was high among school‐age children in Sekota Town. The results imply the need for strengthening integrated strategies for the reduction of intestinal parasitic infections and undernutrition.
Single phase nanofluid thermal conductivity and viscosity prediction using neural networks and its application in a heated pipe of a circular cross section
Authors: Onyiriuka Ekene J.
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the single‐phase simulation of nanofluid with a neural network incorporated into the thermophysical properties in governing equations for the single‐phase treatment. The thermophysical properties affected are the viscosity, and the thermal conductivity, as both properties have been the area of contention in the study of nanofluid. The neural network is trained from experimental data gleaned from the available literature. The single phase and neural network are set up and solved using the finite element method in available commercial code. Grid independence was carried out, and the results were validated with experimental data that the neural networks were not trained with. It was observed that the lowest accuracy from the several simulations was 0.679% average percentage error. The results obtained agreed that nanofluids' thermal conductivity and viscosity can be accurately modeled for most single‐material nanofluids and hence reducing the error in the simulations of nanofluids using the single‐phase model which assumes the nanofluids are homogeneous and their properties are enhanced and effective.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Imeglimin in Japanese Patients With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Kitamura Atsushi , Yumizaki Takuya , Kondo Tomoe , Sekino Hisakuni , Kakuyama Hiroyoshi
Published: February 2023

Imeglimin is a diabetic drug excreted mainly in the urine; therefore, the impact of renal impairment on its pharmacokinetics (PK) is of interest. We assessed the PK and safety of imeglimin in Japanese patients with impaired renal function. This was an uncontrolled, open‐label, single‐dose, phase 1 study. Participants were classified into 4 groups by their estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) as follows: ≥90, normal renal function; and 60 to <90, mild; 30 to <60, moderate; and 15 to <30, severe renal impairment. All participants received imeglimin 1000 mg except those with severe renal impairment, who received imeglimin 500 mg. PK parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis, and those after multiple administrations were projected using a noncompartmental superposition method. In total, 24 Japanese participants (6 in each group) were enrolled and completed the study. The mean plasma imeglimin concentration reached the maximum at 2‐4 hours after administration and then rapidly decreased. The geometric mean maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve values were higher in the impaired renal function groups versus normal renal function group. Most imeglimin was excreted in urine by 24 hours after administration. Renal clearance decreased with decreasing renal function. Projected maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve over the dosing interval after multiple dosing were greater in the renal impairment groups versus normal renal function group. No adverse events were observed. Considering increased plasma exposure along with decreased renal clearance, dose adjustment is required in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment with estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Labelling strategies for correlative light electron microscopy
Authors: Tanner Hugh , Sherwin Olivia , Verkade Paul
Published: February 2023

Imaging is one of the key technologies underpinning discoveries in biomedical research. Each imaging technique however usually only provides a specific type of information. For instance, live‐cell imaging using fluorescent tags can show us the dynamics of a system. On the other hand, electron microscopy (EM) gives us better resolution combined with the structural reference space. By applying a combination of light and electron microscopy modalities to a single sample one can exploit the advantages of both techniques in correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). Although CLEM approaches can generate additional insights into the sample that cannot be gained by either technique in isolation, the visualization of the object of interest via markers or probes is still one of the bottlenecks in a Correlative Microscopy workflow. Whereas fluorescence is not directly visible in a standard electron microscope, gold particles, as the most common choice of probe for EM can also only be visualized using specialized light microscopes. In this review we will discuss some of the latest developments of probes for CLEM and some strategies how to choose a probe, discussing pros and cons of specific probes, and ensuring that they function as a dual modality marker.
A counterexample to a conjecture on the chromatic number of r $r$‐stable Kneser hypergraphs
Authors: Daneshpajouh Hamid Reza
Published: February 2023

Let be a set of subsets of and be an integer. The ‐colorability defect of is the least number of elements of that need to be removed such that the remaining ground set can be ‐colored without inducing monochromatic sets in . The set is a subset of containing all elements of such that any two members of are at least at distance apart on the ‐cycle. The main purpose of this note is to give a counterexample to a conjecture raised by Florian Frick, which says if is a set of subsets of and , then the number of blocks needed to partition the elements of such that no pairwise disjoint sets lie in the same block is at least .
Can governments prevent ethnic violence through public goods spending? A cross‐country investigation
Authors: Mousseau Demet Yalcin
Published: February 2023

This study investigates how governments' spending on public goods affects the onset of ethnic violence. Do governments make particularistic or public goods spending? And, how do governments' spending behaviour affect the escalation of ethnic violence? This study links the literatures on ethnic competition, rent‐seeking and government impartiality and examines the effect of level of impartiality in the provision of public goods on ethnic violence. It is expected that particularistic policymaking and spending can increase the risk of ethnic violence because it can contribute to horizontal group grievances and rent‐seeking over state resources. Analyses of 152 countries from 1946 to 2010 show that a one‐standard deviation increase in impartial governance of public goods lowers the risk of ethnic violence a substantial 25% to 28% even with consideration of a battery of control variables. To facilitate peace in ethnically divided countries, international policymakers and states should promote impartial policies targeted at the provision of public goods for all communities and groups.
Mechanistic modeling of cation exchange chromatography scale‐up considering packing inhomogeneities
Authors: Koch Jonas , Scheps Daniel , Gunne Matthias , Boscheinen Oliver , Frech Christian
Published: February 2023

In process development and characterization, the scale‐up of chromatographic steps is a crucial part and brings a number of challenges. Usually, scale‐down models are used to represent the process step, and constant column properties are assumed. The scaling is then typically based on the concept of linear scale‐up. In this work, a mechanistic model describing an anti‐Langmuirian to Langmuirian elution behavior of a polypeptide, calibrated with a pre‐packed 1 ml column, is applied to demonstrate the scalability to larger column volumes up to 28.2 ml. Using individual column parameters for each column size, scaling to similar eluting salt concentrations, peak heights, and shapes is experimentally demonstrated by considering the model's relationship between the normalized gradient slope and the eluting salt concentration. Further scale‐up simulations show improved model predictions when radial inhomogeneities in packing quality are considered.
Combined nuclear magnetic resonance methods in quality control of lubricants in green energy production
Authors: Rudszuck Thomas , Nirschl Hermann , Guthausen Gisela
Published: February 2023

NMR methods were applied for lubricant analysis. Different factors influence the real aging of lubricants on diverse length scales and are captured by NMR. Chemical conversion of additives is addressed by NMR spectroscopy. High‐field NMR experiments allow the identification and quantification of chemical components and are transferred to benchtop devices. Molecular dynamics and contaminations like fuel or abrasion are addressed via NMR relaxation and diffusion. Quality parameters were extracted via suitable data analysis of NMR raw data, which allow the detection of aging and indicate changes in the oil composition. At the same time, the methodology is optimized to the conditions in quality control. The feasibility is shown the example of a series of lubricants from applications in regenerative energy production, namely, wind turbine oils and biogas motor oils.
Diaphragm excursion correlates with performance and ventilation on the 6‐min walk test in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ho Simon , Rock Kelly , Marchese Victoria
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Diaphragm function may be impaired in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that diaphragm function is related to performance and ventilation on the 6‐min walk test (6MWT).

Methods

Respiratory muscle testing, diaphragm ultrasonography, and the 6MWT with portable gas analysis were performed on children with SCD and age‐ and sex‐matched controls.

Results

Fourteen children with SCD were enrolled. Comparisons were made between nine children with SCD (9.89  2.93 years) and nine controls (10.33  2.35 years). Diaphragm thickness at total lung capacity, thickening fraction, and excursion time during quiet breaths and deep breaths (DB), all normalized by forced vital capacity, were greater in children with SCD ( 0.05 for all). 6MWT distance was shorter in children with SCD (450.87  74.2 m vs. 579.22 72.46 m, 0.01). Tidal volume (), minute ventilation (), and oxygen consumption () were also lower ( 0.05 for all). DB excursion correlated positively with 6MWT distance ( 0.648, 0.023) and negatively with rate of perceived exertion (RPE) ( −0.759, 0.003). RPE correlated negatively with distance ( −0.680, 0.015). DB excursion time correlated positively with distance ( 0.611, 0.035), ( 0.770, 0.009), ( 0.736, 0.015), and ( 0.751, 0.012).

Conclusions

Increased diaphragm excursion may be a strategy used to relieve air hunger while longer excursion time may reflect compensations to increase lung recruitment. Further studies are needed to better understand how these mechanisms affect exercise tolerance in children with SCD.