bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE POST-WAR GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TOURISM IN THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Strygul Larysa , Yakymenko-Tereshchenko Natalia , Boliukh Irina
Published: May 2024

In the presented scientific article, on the basis of the complex of studies carried out, the author analyzed the current state and prospects of the post-war growth of international business tourism in the concept of sustainable development of the tourist industry of Ukraine, as one of the leading tools for stimulating the recovery of the state's economy. The conducted author's research made it possible to determine that international tourism in general and its elements in particular, such as business tourism, are an extremely important aspect of the tourism industry of our country in terms of effective management of economic processes and require a corresponding update of approaches to their implementation, provision, development and quality review in relation to their implementation in life precisely in the concept of sustainable development. A study of the international tourism statistics of our country and a comparative analysis of the volumes of outbound and inbound tourism expenditures were carried out, the factors of negative impact on their level were systematized and analyzed. An improved author's understanding of the directions and prospects of the post-war growth of international business tourism in the concept of sustainable development of the tourism industry is provided. Also, the main features and principles of "sustainable tourism" are briefly explored, and the author's vision of this direction in a perspective context is proposed. Tourism has been proven to be one of the world's largest industries and categories of international trade, defined by an impressive network of socio-economic activities and the infrastructure necessary to support it. Based on this, it is shown and proven from the author's point of view that the implementation of international business in the concept of sustainable development in the post-war period will make it possible to: master the latest organizational and economic values and adapt to them; implement the concept of sustainable development in the international business tourism industry based on the definition of the features of its creation, distribution, accumulation and consumption of results; to form a new model of implementation and consumption, taking into account factors of a socio-ethnic nature.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 27.04.2024 г. по 03.05.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: May 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 27.04.2024 г. по 03.05.2024 г.
A New Entity of Ramp Lesion Combined with Posterior Root Tear of the Medial Meniscus
Authors: Di Muro Andrea , Taha Zyad Ayman , Corti Jacopo , Frasconà Fabio , Matassi Fabrizio
Published: May 2024

Case:

This report describes a new pattern of meniscal tear in an 18-year-old man after a knee sprain; he had undergone anterior cruciate ligament revision (ACL-R) 3 years earlier. He was diagnosed with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft rupture, a ramp lesion (Thaunat type 4), and a posterior root avulsion fracture of the medial meniscus (MM) (LaPrade type 5). He was treated successfully with an all-inside repair of the ramp lesion, a transtibial pull-out repair of the root tear, and ACL graft revision and anterolateral stabilization.

Conclusion:

This specific meniscal injury pattern should be recognized and documented, potentially warranting consideration as a new addition to Thaunat and LaPrade classifications as type 6.
Congenital Syphilis and the Orthopaedic Perspective
Authors: Craft Madison , Ohene-Nyako Prince , Yung-Ping Chong David
Published: May 2024

Case:

We report a case of an otherwise healthy 4-month-old male infant presenting with unexplained metaphyseal lucent bands and diaphyseal periosteal reactions in bilateral extremities upon radiograph, who was ultimately diagnosed with congenital syphilis. After subsequent workup and treatment, the patient had appropriate range of motion of all extremities within 2 weeks after discharge.

Conclusion:

The purpose of this report was to increase the awareness of the rising incidence of congenital syphilis in the United States and educate fellow orthopaedic surgeons on ways to differentiate the skeletal manifestations of congenital syphilis from other pathologies with significant bone involvement.
Identification of Factors Associated with Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs That Preferentially Match Students Who Performed an Elective Rotation Before the Interview Process
Authors: Levy Kenneth H. , Al Ramlawi Akram , O'Sullivan Lucy R. , Cartagena-Reyes Miguel A. , Harris Andrew B. , LaPorte Dawn M. , Aiyer Amiethab A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The role of elective rotations in the orthopaedic residency selection process varies between programs. Our study aims to identify factors associated with residency programs that interview and match a greater proportion of applicants who have completed an elective rotation with their program.

Methods:

Data were collected through the American Orthopaedic Association's Orthopaedic Residency Information Network database. Bivariate correlations and multivariate regression models were used to identify independent predictors of programs with a greater proportion of interviewees or residents who completed an elective rotation at the respective program.

Results:

One hundred seventy-eight of the 218 existing residency programs were included in this study. Programs that offered fewer interviews and more away rotation positions per year were associated with a greater odds of its interviewees (OR = 0.36, p = 0.01; OR = 4.55, p < 0.001, respectively) and residents (OR = 0.44, p = 0.04; OR = 4.23, p < 0.001, respectively) having completed an elective rotation with the program. In addition, programs with fewer attendings (OR = 0.39, p = 0.03) and in-person interviews (OR = 3.04, p = 0.04) matched a greater proportion of their rotators. However, programs that interviewed applicants during the elective rotation were less likely to match their rotators (OR = 0.35, p = 0.04).

Conclusion:

Certain program characteristics independently predict the likelihood of a program interviewing and matching their rotators. These findings may provide information for applicants and programs regarding the rotation process.

Level of Evidence:

III.
La movilización social por la salvaguarda del patrimonio cultural.
Authors: Cantar Nahir Meline , Mariano Mercedes
Published: May 2024

Studies about the involvement of communities in patrimonialization processes tend to focus on isolated cases without considering the impact of the problem on the whole society. Therefore, this paper describes two social mobilizations cases in architectural heritage defence (Olavarría, Argentina) to expand the analysis concerning the different actors' perceptions of the issue. Methodologically, we analyze different sources, such as social networks, interviews and a questionnaire to 390 inhabitants. The results contextualize perceptions that do not correspond to a single form of action but deploy many meanings that allow us to think of cultural heritage as a public good whose sustainability is not equally valued by the community.
Stars, Anti-Stars, Anti-Star-Stars
Authors: Jacke Christoph
Published: May 2024

The phenomenon of stars and celebrities in media cultures – and especially in popular music cultures – seems to be omnipresent. At the same time, there is an astounding lack of analysis and research on these media personalities and personas, and international celebrity studies only recently a developing new field. Similarly, these kinds of observations are still very rare especially in German sociology as well as communication, media, culture and popular music studies. In this article, I therefore want to concentrate on the foundations of studying stars and celebrities within the attention economies by undertaking a theoretical transmedia-cultural framing of media personas and suggesting a typology. This ensuing typology of stars, anti-stars, and anti-star stars – especially within popular music cultures – demonstrates how stars and celebrities and their quantities and qualities of success and peer-group specific values coming form programs of (media and music) culture can serve as persona-seismographs of socio-cultural change between tradition and innovation.
Evaluation and Assessment of Teaching Quality and Students’ Performance using Machine Learning
Authors: Chakrabarti Samiddha , De Parthasarathi
Published: May 2024

In quality education, we except good teaching. To improve the academic performance of a student it is important to monitor the students’ activities and attentiveness. The traditional way to do that is Examination and regular counselling; But an exam can’t conclude overall academic performance of a student, counselling is not enough to estimate the difficulties that students are facing in classroom, the level of attention of students in classroom and the favorite subjects of the students. And it’s also important to monitor the teachers’ teaching quality. In this work we proposed an AI model, by which we can analysis the students’ emotion, activities and attentiveness in the classroom with the help of high-resolution configured camera in the classroom. The model detects the facial expressions of each student in classroom to recognize the emotion of each student; and detect the eyes, lips and head movement of each student to recognize the activities of the students. And analyze these recognized activities for each student to classify the attentiveness status (attentive or inattentive) of each student. And an overall activities and emotion of all the students will be analyzed to evaluate the teacher’s teaching quality at the class – If most of the students are inattentive or not happy, means the teacher’s teaching methods is not helping the students and vice versa. The proposed machine leaning model not only analyze performance of the student and teaching method, it also alerts the teachers about the unwanted activities of the student in the classroom in real-time.
Flash glucose monitoring for Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes: a randomised pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Eer Audrey , Hachem Mariam , Hearn Tracey , Koye Digsu N , Atkinson-Briggs Sharon , Jones Jessica , Eades Sandra , Braat Sabine , Twigg Stephen , Sinha Ashim , McLean Anna , O'Brien Richard Charles , Clarke Philip , O'Neal David , Story David , Zajac Jeffrey , Kelly Ray , Burchill Luke , Ekinci Elif Ilhan
Published: May 2024

Background:
Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) can improve diabetes management, but no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of FGM have been undertaken in Indigenous Australian populations. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of performing a RCT of FGM in Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
In this open-labelled pilot RCT, Indigenous adults with type 2 diabetes were randomised to FGM or standard care for 6 months. Eligible participants were being treated with injectable diabetes medications and had a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0%. The feasibility outcome was the proportion of participants completing the trial. The preliminary effective outcome was the change in HbA1c. Secondary effectiveness outcomes included a change in time spent in target blood glucose; safety (hypoglycaemic episodes); and quality of life (EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L) score).
Results:
Of 126 screened individuals, 74 were eligible, 40 (31.7%) were randomised and 39 (97.5%) completed the study. Participants’ baseline characteristics were similar between the FGM and usual care groups, except for sex and body mass index. There were no between-group differences for: change in HbA1c; percentage of time spent in target blood glucose, low glucose and high glucose; or EQ-5D-3L scores. No severe hypoglycaemic episodes occurred.
Conclusions:
This is the first pilot RCT of FGM in Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes. The results support a larger RCT, which is currently in progress.
Trial registration:
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR12621000021875), retrospectively registered on 14 January 2021.
Glucose oxidase coupling with pistol-like DNAzyme based colorimetric assay for sensitive glucose detection in tears and saliva
Authors: Fan Jiaying , Zhou Kai , Wang Jin
Published: May 2024

Measuring glucose levels in tears and saliva is important for diagnosing and predicting several diseases without the need for intrusive procedures. Detecting low concentrations of glucose with high sensitivity is still a significant difficulty. A simple visual method was created to assess glucose levels in tears and saliva by utilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) to catalyze glucose and pistol-like DNAzyme (PLDz) for signal amplification. Specifically, the β-D-glucose in samples acts as the initial molecule that is identified and catalyzed by GOx to produce gluconic acid and H2O2. H2O2 triggered the self-cleavage of PLDz, resulting in the activation of the “part b” sequence to initiate catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and release the DNAzyme section in H1 probe. The DNAzyme functions as a peroxidase mimic, catalyzing the TMB–H2O2 system and leading to an increase in observable signals. The proposed approach demonstrated a low limit of detection of 0.32 µM and a broad detection range. Moreover, the proposed approach was effectively used to detect glucose in tears and saliva samples, indicating potential for diagnosing hyperglycemia-related disorders in clinical settings.
Large-angle Lorentz 4D-STEM for Simultaneous Magnetic and Atomic Structure Mapping
Authors: Kang Sangjun , Mu Xiaoke , Töllner Maximilian , Wang Di , Minnert Christian , Durst Karsten , Caron Arnaud , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal , McCord Jeffrey , Kübel Christian
Published: May 2024

Achieving a correlative measurement of both magnetic and atomic structures at the nanoscale is imperative to understand the fundamental magnetism of matters and for fostering the development of new magnetic nanomaterials. Conventional microscopy methods fall short in providing the two information simultaneously. Here, we develop a new approach, large-angle Lorentz 4-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (LA-Ltz-4D-STEM), to simultaneously map the magnetic field and atomic structure at the nanoscale. This method enables precise measurement of the characteristic atomic and magnetic structures across an extensive field of view, a critical aspect for investigating real-world ferromagnetic materials. The pixel-by-pixel correlation of the different information offers comprehensive visualization and statistical evaluation of the nanoscale magnetic phenomena. We applied the new method to directly visualize the magnetoelastic coupling as well as the competition between magnetoelastic and magnetostatic energy in an amorphous ferromagnet. This approach opens new avenues for in-depth studying the structure-property correlation of nanoscale magnetic materials.
Affordances, aesthetics, and sustainability: on the relationship between materials, language and space in everyday object perception
Authors: Grasso Eduardo Naddei , Strappini Francesca , Borghi Anna M. , Scorolli Claudia
Published: May 2024

Everyday objects offer invitations to act (affordances). Most empirical work on affordances has focused on the shape and size of objects, neglecting the analysis of other visual properties, such as texture, investigated instead by designers. Texture perception depends on the type of material, which changes the familiarity, aesthetics, and action(s) an object offers.
Here, we investigated the influence of aesthetics and material sustainability on affordance activation. We thus employed objects in materials. We re-adapted a well established paradigm in literature, showing objects with the same shape, made from sustainable and non-sustainable materials (namely, plastic vs. wood) with varying degrees of familiarity and pleasantness. The objects were positioned at a near or far distance, and followed by different kinds of verbs (observation, manipulation, function, interaction). Participants also completed the Pro-Environmental Behaviors Scale (PEBS), and rated the objects according to seven dimensions: pleasantness, familiarity, sustainability, hardness, heaviness, ownership, and sociality.
Results showed greater facilitation with plastic objects compared to the wooden ones when presented in the near space and followed by function verbs. However, wooden objects had generally shorter response times (RTs), especially when followed by interaction verbs in the far space and by observation verbs in the near. Affordances might have been affected by various features that differentiate the two materials. No correlation between RTs and PEBS was found, though several significant interactions occurred. We argue that the material component may lead to different effects depending on the specific interplay that takes place within the object location and the linguistic elaboration, hypothesizing that beauty might have transversely modulated the responses.
Control of Coronavirus with New Cosh Inverse Exponential Distribution
Authors: Hemeda Saeed E.
Published: May 2024

Our study is focused on generating a new model of Hyperbolic Cosine Family (HCF) of distributions with inverse exponential distribution called Cosh Inverse Exponential Distribution (CIE). Important properties of the proposed distribution including explicit expressions for the moments, the quantiles, the mode, the moment generating function, the estimating parameters of CIE distribution are obtained by Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. Furthermore, the CIE model will be used to control of the coronavirus. The Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP) algorithm is applied on various cases. The results obtained show that the proposed model can applied and used in practical life and in all areas.
Study of Preparation and Property of Alkali- activated cementitious materials Prepared by Red Mud and Slag
Authors: Yan Yuqing , Qin fang
Published: May 2024

Alkali- activated cementitious materials is referred to as a green building material and a kind of eco-friendly cementitious material due to the low energy requirements compared to traditional cement and associated low CO2 emissions from using common aluminosilicate wastes. Red and Slag are two kinds of aluminosilicate waste, respectively from aluminum industry and ironmaking industry. In this paper, a new alkali- activated cementitious material is prepared by red mud and slag. Respectively the raw material ratio, different activator dosage and hydration reaction time are evaluated. The results showed that when the sintering red mud and slag blend with a mass ratio of 5:5 were activated by sodium carbonate, the optimized content of sodium carbonate was 5.5%(calculated by mass of sodium oxide). Under this condition, the compressive strength of alkali- activated cementitious materials synthesized reached 54.4 MPa at 28d. The effects of TG, XRD and SEM-EDS showed that the main hydration products were amorphous substances including hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) and hydrated calcium alumino silicate( C-S-A-H). Higher strength material had more fine microstructures and much more activated products. The compressive strength of the product reachs the standard requirements of Portland cement P.O42.5.
Human uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction shows therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis in immunodeficient rats by enhancing anabolism-promoting and catabolism-inhibiting effects via direct effects of transplanted M2 macrophages
Authors: Onoi Yuma , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Anjiki Kensuke , Hayashi Shinya , Nakano Naoki , Kuroda Yuichi , Tsubosaka Masanori , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Ikuta Kemmei , Tachibana Shotaro , Suda Yoshihito , Wada Kensuke , Maeda Takuma , Saitoh Akira , Hiranaka Takafumi , Sobajima Satoshi , Iwaguro Hideki , Matsushita Takehiko , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: May 2024

Background
The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human–immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model.
Methods
OA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 × 105), ADSCs (1 × 104), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1×105) were co-cultured with SVF (1×105), M2Φ (1×104), and ADSCs (1×104) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-β, IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
In comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-β and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations.
Conclusions
The M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs.
Molluscan Marvels of Gujarat: Unveiling Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies with the aid of Spatial approach
Authors: Agravat Pooja , Baldaniya Ajay , Banerjee Biplab , Mohanta Agradeep , Raval Jatin , Mankodi Pradeep
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the Molluscan diversity along the Gujarat coast, India, focusing on the distribution and habitat suitability of four key species: Cerithium caeruleum, Lunella coronata, Peronia verruculata, and Trochus radiatus. Utilizing Species Distribution Models (SDMs) integrated with machine learning algorithms, we assessed the impact of environmental variables on the distribution patterns of these molluscs. Our findings reveal a nuanced understanding of habitat preferences, highlighting the critical roles of salinity, chlorophyll concentration, and water temperature. The MaxEnt model, with the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.63, demonstrated moderate discrimination capability, suggesting room for enhancement in capturing complex ecological interactions. The spatial distribution analysis indicated a random arrangement of species, with no significant spatial autocorrelation observed. This research underscores the significance of advanced modelling techniques in predicting Molluscan distributions, providing insights crucial for the conservation and sustainable management of marine biodiversity along the Gujarat coast.
Spatial Approach to Assess Multidimensional Vulnerability to Urban Flooding: A Proposal for Indicators
Authors: Vaca Ana Noemí Gomez , Rodríguez-Roda Ignasi , Popartan Lucía Alexandra , Nuss-Girona Sergi
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a methodology for evaluating vulnerability to urban flooding across different dimensions, by employing spatial data analysis. The methodology consists of four steps: (1) selection of indicators that reflect the vulnerability of an urban area, (2) normalization of the data for each selected indicator across all dimensions, (3) assignment of weights for each indicator and dimension, and (4) mapping and classification using spatial analysis, resulting in a regular grid. This study proposes a comprehensive list of 31 potential indicators for quantifying vulnerability, with each indicator falling under one of the five dimensions (social, economic, environmental, physical, and institutional) and three components of vulnerability (exposure, susceptibility, and resilience), which are part of Step 1. Additionally, the methodology is complemented by a data generation and spatial analysis technique for Step 4. The proposed methodology can serve planners and policymakers to make objective decisions, based on vulnerability quantification, considering each dimension separately, as well as integrating with each other, using a multidimensional and spatial representation of flood risk vulnerability.
A computational fluid dynamics study on the optimisation of a circular sedimentation tank using perforated inlet baffles
Authors: Hirom Kirpa , Devi Thiyam Tamphasana
Published: May 2024

A numerical study on a circular sedimentation tank is done to investigate the effect of perforated inlet baffles on the efficiency and performance of the sedimentation tank. A total of three new modified geometries with perforated baffles placed at strategic locations in the inlet region were studied and compared with the original sedimentation tank that contains an ordinary stilling well and a McKinney baffle. The Euler-Lagrange approach of multiphase modelling is employed in this study using the Discrete Phase Model. The numerical model employed in this study was validated using experimental data from the literature. It was observed that the perforated baffles are effective in dissipating the kinetic energy in the inlet region and also helps in producing a more distributed and tranquil flow in the settling region. Of the four cases studied, case-4 is found to be the most efficient with 58.36% total settling efficiency, which is an increase of 10.96% from that of the original tank. However, it was also found that case-3 can also be considered a viable option for the retrofitting project if a slight compromise in performance enhancement could be tolerated in exchange for a more efficient utilisation of the added materials. Comparisons of the different cases studied have also been conducted through quantitative and qualitative assessments, employing calculated settling efficiencies and the analysis of velocity magnitude contours, turbulence kinetic energy contours, and particle trajectories obtained through the numerical simulations.
Assessing self-sufficiency: analyzing the gap between national food production and food-based dietary guidance
Authors: Stehl Jonas , Vonderschmidt Alexander , Vollmer Sebastian , Alexander Peter , Jaacks Lindsay
Published: May 2024

In light of increasing nationalist trends, recent disruptions to global food supply chains, and efforts to concurrently promote sustainable diets, we utilize the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) Livewell report to assess national food self-sufficiency. We observed that one in three countries cannot meet self-sufficiency for more than two of the seven essential food groups. This underscores significant inter-regional trade reliance, notably in the Caribbean, West Africa, and Gulf states.
Effects of agro-ecological zones on the chemical composition of feed resources in the Gera district, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abazinab Hassen , Duguma Belay , Muleta Eyerus
Published: May 2024

The poor quality of available feed resources is the major limiting factor forlivestock productivity in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the chemical composition of major feed resources in three agro-ecologicalzones (AEZs) of the Gera District, southwest Ethiopia. Three representative samples of natural pasture (Cynodon dactylon, Pavonia schimperiana Hochst and Rhynchosia ferruginea), three indigenous fodder trees and shrubs (IFTSs)(Erythrina abyssinica, Vernonia amygdalina and Maytenus undat), two cultivated forages (Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum pedicellatum) and five crop residues (Hordeum vulgare (barley), Zea mays (maize), Sorghumbicolor (sorghum), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Eragrostis tef (Teff)) were collected from the Highland (HL), midland (ML) and lowland (LL) AEZs. The samples were analyzed for ash, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content. The results showed that different AEZs showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the most of the chemical composition parameters of sampled feeds. Regardless of the AEZs, the mean DM, CP, ash, EE, NDF, ADF, ADL and CF varied from 89.17% in Pennisetum purpureum to 92.22±0.51 in Erythrina abyssinica, 2.90±0.22% in Triticum aestivum to 10.70±0.52 in Vernonia amygdalina, 7.24±0.19% in Sorghum bicolor to 13.25±0.51% in Pavonia Schimperiana Hochst, 1.33±0.04% in Triticum aestivum to 2.39±0.15% in Maytenus undata, 57.65±1.19% in Erythrina Abyssinica to 79.16±1.04%in Triticum aestivum, 34.57% in Pennisetum purpureum to 59.41±0.98% in Sorghum bicolor, 8.15±0.62%in Rhynchosia ferruginea to 12.65±0.57% in Triticum aestivum and 37.51% in Pennisetum pedicelatum to 69.93±0.65% DM in Triticum aestivum, respectively. In conclusion, IFTSs had the highest CP and the lowest NDF, implying their potential as a supplement to low-quality feeds, whereas crop residues had the lowest CP and the highest NDF compared to other feed types, indicating the need for their treatment with urea or supplementing animals with protein-rich feeds, especially during the dry season.
Hydroxychloroquine and a low activity bisphosphonate conjugate prevent and reverse ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice through dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects
Authors: Yao Zhenqiang , Ayoub Akram , Sriniva Venkatesan , Wu Jun , Tang Churou , Duan Rong , Milosavljevic Aleksa , Ebetino Frank , Frontier Alison , Boyce Brendan
Published: May 2024

Osteoporosis is incurable because there are no dual antiresorptive and anabolic therapeutic agents that can be administered long-term. The most widely used antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates (BPs), also inhibit bone formation and thus have limited effect in preventing osteoporotic fracture. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, prevents the lysosomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), an NF-κB adaptor protein that limits bone resorption and maintains bone formation. We attempted to covalently link HCQ to a hydroxyalklyl BP (HABP) with anticipated low antiresorptive activity, to target delivery of HCQ to bone to test if this targeting increases its efficacy to prevent TRAF3 degradation in the bone microenvironment and thus reduce bone resorption and increase bone formation, while reducing its systemic side effects. Unexpectedly, HABP-HCQ was found to exist as a salt in aqueous solution, composed of a protonated HCQ cation and a deprotonated HABP anion. Nevertheless, it inhibited osteoclastogenesis, stimulated osteoblast differentiation, and increased TRAF3 protein levels in vitro. HABP-HCQ significantly inhibited both osteoclast formation and bone marrow fibrosis in mice given multiple daily PTH injections. In contrast, HCQ inhibited fibrosis, but not osteoclast formation, while the HABP alone inhibited osteoclast formation, but not fibrosis, in the mice. HABP-HCQ, but not HCQ, prevented trabecular bone loss following ovariectomy in mice and, importantly, increased bone volume in ovariectomized mice with established bone loss because HABP-HCQ increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption parameters simultaneously. In contrast, HCQ increased bone formation, but did not decrease bone resorption parameters, while HABP also restored the bone lost in ovariectomized mice, but it inhibited parameters of both bone resorption and formation. Our findings suggest that the combination of HABP and HCQ could have dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
Medi-Plant: A Deep Learning Approach for Medicinal Plant Classification with Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: P Swathika , A Ajithar , Z Hishaamudin , E Nitheeswaran
Published: May 2024

Background
Biodiversity conservation is crucial due to the risk of extinction faced by many plant species. Traditional medicinal systems heavily rely on the diverse array of plants, offering an alternative to manufactured medications and promoting healthy living. Despite the significance of these plants, datasets for therapeutic herbs are not readily available. To address this gap, this study proposes an automatic system for identifying medicinal plants based on computer vision and deep learning techniques, utilizing various neural network approaches.
Results
The study introduces the Medi-plant dataset, comprising 6000 leaf images from 50 different Indian plant species. To validate the dataset, pre-trained deep convolutional neural network architectures including MobileNetV2, ResNet-50, and Xception were employed. The proposed Medi-Plant model, leveraging all three architectures, achieved an impressive accuracy of 97.96%.
Conclusions
The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the Medi-plant dataset and the proposed Medi-Plant model in accurately identifying medicinal plants. Additionally, a cross-platform application named Medi-Plant Identification was developed, capable of swiftly identifying herb images and providing pertinent information from the database. By continuing to expand the dataset, this research aims to benefit stakeholders and society at large by fostering awareness and understanding of herbs and their therapeutic properties.
Once upon a time in the Oort cloud; when did the
Sun Lost its Siblings
Authors: Zwart Simon Portegies , Huang Shuo
Published: May 2024

The Sun was born together with a few thousand other stars in a clustered environment. So long as it was a cluster member, no asteroid ejected by the giant planets could remain bound to the Sun, preventing the formation of an Oort cloud. The number of asteroids in the Oort cloud and their combined mass can then be used to time the moment the Sun left the nest. If the Sun left within the first 5 Myr, the Oort cloud would have been up to 4 times more massive than today’s best estimate. The Oort cloud would be considerably less massive than today’s best estimate if the Sun left later than 17 Myr. The orbital distribution of the inner Oort cloud (between ∼ 100 and ∼ 104 au) and the detached Kuiper-belt populations are even more sensitive to the moment the Sun lost its siblings. The morphology of the low-eccentricity inner-Oort cloud are most sensitive to the Sun’s escape time and can further constrain the parent-cluster parameters.
Characterisation of microplastics in an isolated mangrove island using multiple ecosystem components including brachyuran crabs
Authors: Sivan Gopika , M.S Jestin , K.P Apreshgi , P Priyaja
Published: May 2024

Mangroves serving as interfaces between land and sea, function as significant filtration and interception systems for environmental microplastics (MPs). The structural complexity of mangrove roots enhances their trapping potential, making them prospective sinks for plastics. MPs have a strong affinity for mangrove leaves due to their lipophilic surface, temporarily accumulating MPs from both air and water. Brachyuran crabs, the core processors of mangrove litter can ingest MPs bound to leaves, potentially transferring them through the food chain to apex predators. Currently, studies from isolated mangrove islands are lacking. So, we conducted a holistic study examining MPs within multiple ecosystem components of an isolated mangrove island including water, sediment, leaves, stilt root and fallen leaves of mangrove as well as body parts of three species of mangrove crabs along southwest coast of India. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was carried out to confirm the suspected MPs in root and leaf. MPs were detected in water, sediment, fallen leaves and crabs. Abundance of MPs in water and sediment was 5.42 ± 0.2 particles/L and 400 ± 86 particles/Kg respectively, with the size range > 350 µ. Fallen leaves showed an abundance of 0.062 ± 0.054 particles/cm2. A higher abundance of MPs was observed in the gastro-intestinal tract of mangrove crabs. Fibre was the dominant morphotype in all components, revealing trophic transfer from water and sediment to crabs via fallen leaves and direct ingestion. The findings indicate that even isolated mangrove islands serve as repositories for MPs, affecting the mangrove food chain.
Individualized optimal strategy in racing sports: the case study of the team pursuit in track cycling.
Authors: Boillet Alice , Noble Maxence , Sachet Iris , Messonnier Laurent A. , Cohen Caroline
Published: May 2024

In track cycling, performance in the team pursuit depends on the mechanical and physiological abilities of each member of the team, but also on the choice of racing strategy. Athletes must cover the 4000 m of the race, sharing the effort between them in successive relays. This raises the question of the optimum strategy. We propose a method for resolving this question by coupling a mechanical model of the race to physiological models (digital twins) of the athletes. The mechanical model enables one to predict a theoretical finishing time for a given strategy, while the physiological model enables one to determine whether or not a given strategy is feasible. By coupling the two models and using numerical optimization, an optimal strategy for a given team can then be predicted. Simplified team composition case studies are explored. For each case studied, an optimal strategy to maximize performance is obtained and composed of a set of three variables: relay lengths, power values for each relay, and the starting order of cyclists. The proposed method can be used for real athletes and extended to other disciplines.
On the complex displacement-velocity method forseventh-order galloping oscillations
Authors: Karama Mohammed
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a novel complexdisplacement-velocity method (CDVM) based on thedisplacement and velocity complex variables, whichis compared with the multiple scales method (MSM)when applied to the Duffing oscillator under a seventhorderaeroelastic galloping force. Furthermore, we obtainthe approximate solutions by using CDVM andcompare them to those obtained by the MSM. TheRaphsen-Newton method is employed to solve the obtainedpolynomial equations for steady states, confirmingthe validity of the proposed method through numericalsimulations. The stability chart is establishedby utilizing the Jacobian matrix of slow-flow equations.
Effects of Cognitive Analytical and Acceptance Commitment Therapies in Reducing Negative Attitude towards Matrimony among Christian Youths in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors:   1.	Lawrence I. Iriogbe,   2.	Oyaziwo Aluede,   3.	Austine Ojugo, Henry O. Imhonde ,   5.	Osumah A Obaze
Published: May 2024

The study investigated the effects of Cognitive Analytical Therapy (CAT) and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) in reducing negative marital attitude of Christian youths in Benin City, Nigeria. The randomized quasi- experimental research design, specifically the pre-test, post-test, control group types, was employed in this study. A Sample size of 148 purposively selected Christian youths participated in the study. A content validated scale titled Marital Attitude Scale (MAS), with Cronbach Alpha reliability value of 0.78 was used in the collection of data from the participants. Result showed that CAT and ACT were effective treatments for reducing negative attitude towards matrimony among Christian youths. Also, ACT was more effective than CAT in reducing negative attitude towards matrimony among the Christian youths. It was therefore recommended that both CAT and ACT are potent therapies for the reduction of negative marital conflicts. Therefore, community-Based Organisations (CBOs) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) should work closely with counsellors and Psychologists to educate youths on how to “accept commitment’’ as far as marital issues are concerned. This can be done by employing orientation and information services to teach youths that are old enough for marriage.
Soil quality and health under different tree species in an urban university campus: A multidimensional study
Authors: Nandal Abhishek , Rani Sunita , Yadav Surender Singh , Kaushik Naveen , Kataria Naveen , Hasanpuri Pritam , Lal Rattan
Published: May 2024

Soil is vital to food security and ecosystem nutrient recycling. Rapid infrastructure development projects requiring mineral resource extraction have led to an overall decrease in soil quality. Due to a higher environmental footprint, cities' soil quality has declined quickly, which requires continuous monitoring and evaluation. Educational institutions are traditionally not taken into account for such monitoring. Thus, the present study investigated the soil health status under 10 different plantations in Maharshi Dayanand University located in Rohtak city. Using different digital and volumetric methods, 20 physicochemical parameters and nutrients viz. sand, silt, clay, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), macronutrients and micronutrients. Sampling was performed at four depths (0-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-30 and 30.1-40 cm) to collect 40 samples. Repeated measures of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparison were used to detect significant differences. Different tree plantations affected soil parameters significantly (p<0.05). The soil nutrient index value (SNIV) classified sand (3), pH (2.62), Ca2+ (2.82), Cu (2.60) and Fe (2.65) in the high fertility class. Network analysis demonstrated an effect of physicochemical parameters on OM and nutrients. The structural stability index (SSI) appropriated 50 % of the samples as thoroughly degraded (SSI<5 %). Principal component analysis (PCA) produced five significant components and designated N, P, Cu and OM as the most critical soil chemistry variables. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) produced 3 clusters for tree species with similar soil properties. Overall, the campus's soil is alkaline, non-saline and nutrient deficient, and surface layers are more fertile. The soil under F. virens is the most productive. The results obtained and customized solutions provided in this article may help to improve soil health on the campus ans aid in sustainable soil use, conservation and management. This may also motivate other campuses around the globe to assess their soil health status.
Effects of thermophilic and acidophilic microbial consortia on maize steeping
Authors: Sun Yaqin , Xia Wenjing , Tang Langjun , Xiu Zhilong , Jin Weiwu , Wang Xiaoyan , Tao Jin , Liu Haijun , An Hongyan , Li Yi , Tong Yi
Published: May 2024

To understand the ecology of species and promote biotechnology through beneficial strain selection for improving starch yield in maize wet-milling steeping, bacterial diversity and community structure during the counter-current steeping process in a commercial steeping system were characterized and investigated in this study. Microbial diversity in the steeping liquor, which consisted of 16 phyla, 131 families, and 290 genera, was more abundant compared to those present on the surface of unsteeped maize. As the process of counter-current steeping progressed, with the newest maize being exposed to the oldest steepwater, Lactobacillus became the primary family, replacing Rahnella, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Serratia. The thermophilic and acidophilic microbial consortia were enriched through adaptive evolution engineering and employed to improve starch yield. Several steeping strategies were evaluased, including water alone, SO2 alone, mono-culture of B. coagulans, microbial consortia, and a combination of consortium and SO2. The combination of microbial consortium and SO2 resulted in a significant increase in starch yield, reaching approximately 66.4±0.5%, which was an increase of 22% and 46% compared to SO2 alone and microbial consortium alone, respectively. Additionally, protein solubilization was enhanced. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of steeped maize structure indicated that the combination of consortium and SO2 disrupted the protein matrix and increased the gap between starch granules in maize endosperm. This led to the release of protein into the steepwater and the presence of starch granules in the aleurone layer. The steeping strategy of thermophilic and acidophilic microbial consortium as additives shows potential application as an environmentally friendly alternative for conventional procedures of maize steeping.
Heme allocation in eukaryotic cells relies on mitochondrial heme export through FLVCR1b to cytosolic GAPDH
Authors: Stuehr Dennis , Jayaram Dhanya , Sivaram Pranav , Biswas Pranjal , Dai Yue , Sweeny Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Heme is an iron-containing cofactor essential for life. In eukaryotes heme is generated in the mitochondria and must leave this organelle to reach protein targets in other cell compartments. Mitochondrial heme binding by cytosolic GAPDH was recently found essential for heme distribution in eukaryotic cells. Here, we sought to uncover how mitochondrial heme reaches GAPDH. Experiments involving a human cell line and a novel GAPDH reporter construct whose heme binding in live cells can be followed by fluorescence revealed that the mitochondrial transmembrane protein FLVCR1b exclusively transfers mitochondrial heme to GAPDH through a direct protein-protein interaction that rises and falls as heme transfers. In the absence of FLVCR1b, neither GAPDH nor downstream hemeproteins received any mitochondrial heme. Cell expression of TANGO2 was also required, and we found it interacts with FLVCR1b to likely support its heme exporting function. Finally, we show that purified GAPDH interacts with FLVCR1b in isolated mitochondria and triggers heme transfer to GAPDH and its downstream delivery to two client proteins. Identifying FLVCR1b as the sole heme source for GAPDH completes the path by which heme is exported from mitochondria, transported, and delivered into protein targets within eukaryotic cells.