bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Control of Golf Swing Robot Using Backstepping Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode and Super-Twisting Backstepping Sliding-Mode Algorithms
Authors: Benmansour Souhila , Demim Fethi , Messaoui Ali Zakaria
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on trajectory tracking, robustness and stabilization of a golf swing robot which has been recently developed to simulate the ultra-high-speed swing motions of a golfer. The proposed control strategies are based on the Lyapunov stability theory and include Backstepping and Sliding-Mode Control based techniques. To attenuate the chattering phenomena caused by a discontinuous switching function and improve the dynamic response of the manipulator, a fuzzy system is used in this research; a Backstepping Sliding-Mode Controller (BSMC), a Backstepping Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Controller (BFSMC) and a Super-twisting Backstepping Sliding-Mode Controller (STBSMC) are used to evaluate the proposed hybrid controller’s BFSMC performance. The Lyapunov stability theory is used to guarantee the stability of the proposed closed-loop robot technique. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy based on the fuzzy logic mechanism under different disturbances and uncertainties.
Improving the Temporal Accuracy of Eye Gaze Tracking for the da Vinci Surgical System through Automatic Detection of Decalibration Events and Recalibration
Authors: Büter Regine , Han John J. , Acar Ayberk , Li Yizhou , Puentes Paola Ruiz , Soberanis-Mukul Roger D. , Gupta Iris , Bhowmick Joyraj , Ghazi Ahmed , Maier Andreas , Unberath Mathias , Wu Jie Ying
Published: January 2024

Robust and accurate eye gaze tracking can advance medical telerobotics by providing complementary data for surgical training, interactive instrument control, and augmented human–robot interactions. However, current gaze tracking solutions for systems such as the da Vinci Surgical System (dVSS) are limited to complex hardware installations. Additionally, existing methods do not account for operator head movement inside the surgeon console, invalidating the original calibration. This work provides an initial solution to these challenges that can seamlessly integrate into console devices beyond the dVSS. Our approach relies on simple and unobtrusive wearable eye tracking glasses and provides calibration routines that can contend with operator-head movements. An external camera measures movement of the glasses through trackers mounted on the glasses to detect invalidation of the prior calibration from head movement and slippage. Movements beyond a threshold of 5 cm or 9ˆ∘ prompt another calibration sequence. In a study where users moved freely in the surgeon console after an initial calibration procedure, we show that our system tracks the eye tracking glasses to initiate recalibration procedures. Recalibration can reduce the mean tracking error up to 89% compared to the current prevailing approach which relies on the initial calibration only. This work is an important first step towards incorporating user movement into gaze-based applications for the dVSS.
Theoretical modeling of predicting elastic modulus of polyurethane copolymer/organic-montmorillonite nanocomposite
Authors: Naji Haneen Zuhair , Albozahid Muayad
Published: January 2024

A structure of theoretical models set was suggested to predict the elastic moduli of polyurethane copolymer (PUC)/organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites (NCs) in terms of length (L) to thickness (t) ratio and volume fraction ([Formula: see text]) of OMMT nanoparticles. The predicted elastic modulus outcomes of PUC/OMMT NCs were compared with experiment data. The outcome demonstrated that the suggested aspect ratio of predicted elastic modulus decreased with increased [Formula: see text] of OMMT compared to experimental data. The largest value of effective aspect ratio belonged to the Hui–Shia model over all OMMT [Formula: see text]. The modified Halpin–Tsai model incorporated with the factor for decreasing modulus (FFDM) recorded the lowest range of percentage error between theoretical and experimental data around 0.385–0.816% at [Formula: see text] (4[Formula: see text]wt.%) OMMT.
A fractional-order differential equation model of diabetes mellitus type SEIIT
Authors: Dadhich Shikha , Yadav Mahaveer Prasad , Kritika
Published: January 2024

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the sugar level in blood is not proper. Diabetes is classified into many types and this classification is based upon the etiology of the disease. This disease is classified into three main types: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). In this paper, our aim is to present a model of Diabetes Mellitus Type [Formula: see text] by considering treatment and genetic factors. We have formulated the model for the epidemic problem. Here, a numerical algorithm based on Fractional Homotopy Analysis Transform Method (FHATM) is constituted to study the fractional form of the model for Diabetes Mellitus Type [Formula: see text]. The suggested technique is obtained by merging the homotopy analysis, Laplace transform and the homotopy polynomials. The convergence and uniqueness of the solution are also discussed and results are also presented.
An asymptotic expansion of the solution of a semi-linear partial differential equation implied by a nonlinear Feynman–Kac formula
Authors: Okuma Kaori
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces an asymptotic expansion for the smooth solution of a semi-linear partial differential equation. Our scheme is based on Itô’s formula, Taylor’s expansion, nonlinear Feynman–Kac formula and some algebras.
Determinants of Liquidity in Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from Developing Economies
Authors: Jibir Adamu , Omeke Michael , Mia Md Aslam , Sangwan Sunil
Published: January 2024

Maintaining an optimal level of liquidity remains a crucial agenda for firms to minimise liquidity risks. Therefore, the study aims to identify the drivers of liquidity by utilizing firm-level data of 1,544 microfinance institutions (MFIs), covering a total of 112 developing countries and a period of 2010–2018. The data were then analysed using conventional econometric tools and techniques. Among others, the study found that board size, portfolio quality, donations and size of MFIs have a positive effect on the liquidity of MFIs, while gender diversity at the board level, operational self-sustainability, staff productivity, legal status and gross domestic product (GDP) growth revealed a negative effect. After conducting several robustness checks, including alternative proxies, sub-samples and endogeneity-corrected techniques, our findings remain mostly consistent. Policy implications are further discussed.
The Macrodynamics of Indian Rupee Swap Yields
Authors: Akram Tanweer , Mamun Khawaja
Published: January 2024

This paper econometrically models the dynamics of Indian rupee (INR) swap yields based on key macroeconomic factors using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach. It examines whether the short-term interest rate has a decisive influence on long-term INR swap yields after controlling for other factors, such as core inflation, the growth of industrial production, the logarithm of the equity price index, and the logarithm of the INR exchange rate. The estimated models show that the short-term interest rate has an important influence on swap yields. This implies that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) can sway borrowing and lending rates not just on Indian government bonds but also INR-denominated private-market financial instruments, such as swaps and swaptions.
Exploring the Dynamics of Economic Instability: An Analysis of the Interplay between Consumer Spending, Consumer Confidence, and Macroeconomic Factors
Authors: Idowu Ayodele , Chowdhury Munem Ahmad , Nijhum Hafsa Rahman , Eniola Bello Mistura
Published: January 2024

This study empirically evaluates the effect of consumer confidence on consumer spending in Nigeria. Relatively little attention has been paid to the existence of a long-run relationship between consumer confidence and consumer spending in Nigeria, and this study aims to contribute to the existing literature in this regard by utilising quarterly data spanning from 2009 to 2023. Examining the relationship through the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, it was found that consumer confidence, money supply, and inflation have a significantly positive impact on consumer spending, while interest rates possess an adverse relationship with consumer spending in Nigeria in the long run. The findings of the study recommend that good infrastructure, ease of doing business, and reduction of tax rate on everyday purchasing are key contributors to consumers’ optimism. Additionally, efficient responses to economic shocks and effective policy reformation according to the shift of the dynamic financial world are also crucial to making the economy well-run and maintaining the level of consumers’ confidence.
Mitigating Exposure Bias in Recommender Systems—A Comparative Analysis of Discrete Choice Models
Authors: Krause Thorsten , Deriyeva Alina , Beinke Jan H. , Bartels Gerrit Y. , Thomas Oliver
Published: January 2024

When implicit feedback recommender systems expose users to items, they influence the users’ choices and, consequently, their own future recommendations. This effect is known as exposure bias, and it can cause undesired effects such as filter bubbles and echo chambers. Previous research has used multinomial logit models to reduce exposure bias through over-exposure on synthesized data. We hypothesized that these findings hold true for human choice data to a limited degree and that advanced discrete choice models further reduced bias. We also investigated whether the composition of choice sets can cause exposure bias. In pursuing our research questions, we collected partially biased human choices in a controlled online user study. In two experiments, we evaluated how discrete choice–based recommender systems and baselines react to over-exposure and to over- and under-competitive choice sets. Our results confirmed that leveraging choice set information mitigates exposure bias. The multinomial logit model reduced exposure bias, comparably with the other discrete choice models. Choice set competitiveness biased the models that did not consider choice alternatives. Our findings suggest that discrete choice models are highly effective at mitigating exposure bias in recommender systems and that existing recommender systems may suffer more exposure bias than previously thought.
Deep Neighborhood-aware Proxy Hashing with Uniform Distribution Constraint for Cross-modal Retrieval
Authors: Huo Yadong , Qibing Qin , Dai Jiangyan , Zhang Wenfeng , Huang Lei , Wang Chengduan
Published: January 2024

Cross-modal retrieval methods based on hashing have gained significant attention in both academic and industrial research. Deep learning techniques have played a crucial role in advancing supervised cross-modal hashing methods, leading to significant practical improvements. Despite these achievements, current deep cross-modal hashing still encounters some underexplored limitations. Specifically, most of the available deep hashing usually utilizes pair-wise or triplet-wise strategies to promote the separation of the inter-classes by calculating the relative similarities between samples, weakening the compactness of intra-class data from different modalities, which could generate ambiguous neighborhoods. In this article, the Deep Neighborhood-aware Proxy Hashing (DNPH) framework is proposed to learn a discriminative embedding space with the original neighborhood relation preserved. By introducing learnable shared category proxies, the neighborhood-aware proxy loss is proposed to project the heterogeneous data into a unified common embedding, in which the sample is pulled closer to the corresponding category proxy and is pushed away from other proxies, capturing small within-class scatter and big between-class scatter. To enhance the quality of the obtained binary codes, the uniform distribution constraint is developed to make each hash bit independently obey the discrete uniform distribution. In addition, the discrimination loss is designed to preserve modality-specific semantic information of samples. Extensive experiments are performed on three benchmark datasets to prove that our proposed DNPH framework achieves comparable or even better performance compared with the state-of-the-art cross-modal retrieval applications. The corresponding code implementation of our DNPH framework is as follows:
https://github.com/QinLab-WFU/OUR-DNPH
.
Test Input Prioritization for 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Li Yinghua , Dang Xueqi , Ma Lei , Klein Jacques , Le Traon Yves , Bissyandé Tegawendé F.
Published: January 2024

3D point cloud applications have become increasingly prevalent in diverse domains, showcasing their efficacy in various software systems. However, testing such applications presents unique challenges due to the high-dimensional nature of 3D point cloud data and the vast number of possible test cases. Test input prioritization has emerged as a promising approach to enhance testing efficiency by prioritizing potentially misclassified test cases during the early stages of the testing process. Consequently, this enables the early labeling of critical inputs, leading to a reduction in the overall labeling cost. However, applying existing prioritization methods to 3D point cloud data is constrained by several factors: (1) inadequate consideration of crucial spatial information, and (2) susceptibility to noises inherent in 3D point cloud data. In this article, we propose
PCPrior
, the first test prioritization approach specifically designed for 3D point cloud test cases. The fundamental concept behind PCPrior is that test inputs closer to the decision boundary of the model are more likely to be predicted incorrectly. To capture the spatial relationship between a point cloud test and the decision boundary, we propose transforming each test (a point cloud) into a low-dimensional feature vector, toward indirectly revealing the underlying proximity between a test and the decision boundary. To achieve this, we carefully design a group of feature generation strategies, and for each test input, we generate four distinct types of features, namely spatial features, mutation features, prediction features, and uncertainty features. Through a concatenation of the four feature types, PCPrior assembles a final feature vector for each test. Subsequently, a ranking model is employed to estimate the probability of misclassification for each test based on its feature vector. Finally, PCPrior ranks all tests based on their misclassification probabilities. We conducted an extensive study based on 165 subjects to evaluate the performance of PCPrior, encompassing both natural and noisy datasets. The results demonstrate that PCPrior outperforms all of the compared test prioritization approaches, with an average improvement of 10.99% to 66.94% on natural datasets and 16.62% to 53% on noisy datasets.
Attacking Click-through Rate Predictors via Generating Realistic Fake Samples
Authors: Duan Mingxing , Li Kenli , Zhang Weinan , Qin Jiarui , Xiao Bin
Published: January 2024

How to construct imperceptible (realistic) fake samples is critical in adversarial attacks. Due to the sample feature diversity of a recommender system (containing both discrete and continuous features), traditional gradient-based adversarial attack methods may fail to construct realistic fake samples. Meanwhile, most recommendation models adopt click-through rate (CTR) predictors, which usually utilize black-box deep models with discrete features as input. Thus, how to efficiently construct realistic fake samples for black-box recommender systems is still full of challenges. In this article, we propose a hierarchical adversarial attack method against black-box CTR models via generating realistic fake samples, named CTRAttack. To better train the generation network, the weights of its embedding layer are shared with those of the substitute model, with both the similarity loss and classification loss used to update the generation network. To ensure that the discrete features of the generated fake samples are all real, we first adopt the similarity loss to ensure that the distribution of the generated perturbed samples is sufficiently close to the distribution of the real features, and then the nearest neighbor algorithm is used to retrieve the most appropriate features for non-existent discrete features from the candidate instance set. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CTRAttack can not only effectively attack the black-box recommender systems but also improve the robustness of these models while maintaining prediction accuracy.
The Necessity of Machine Learning Theory in Mitigating AI Risk
Authors: Belkin Mikhail
Published: January 2024

Highlights

SUMMARY

In the last years we have witnessed rapidly accelerating progress in Neural Network-based Artificial Intelligence. Yet our fundamental understanding of these methods has lagged far behind. Never before had a technology been developed so quickly and deployed so widely with so little understanding of its basic principles. In this document we argue that deep learning systems with their human-like complexity cannot be controlled and guided in socially acceptable ways or countered in adversarial situations, without an underlying theory. Theory in this context refers to identifying precise measurable quantities and mathematically describing their patterns, the way it is done in physics and engineering, rather than necessarily proving rigorous theorems.

Given the societal impact of rapidly proliferating AI, developing such a theory and applying its analyses to real systems is a compelling and urgent need.
The Channel Fading Influence of the Receiver Operating Characteristics of the TT&C Receiver Based on the Dual-Sequence Frequency Hopping
Authors: Liu Guangkai , Guo Jie , Xin Weizheng , Cheng Cheng , Wang Lu
Published: January 2024

Aimed at the antijamming needs of the space tracking, telemetry command (TT&C) receiver under a low signal-to-noise ratio, the anti-interference advantage of the dual-sequence frequency hopping (DSFH) communication system is applied. The channel amplitude fading influence of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of the TT&C receiver based on the DSFH is studied. Firstly, based on the typical channel model of the Rayleigh fading without direct path transmission, the conditional Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) is obtained by analyzing the statistical independence of the Rayleigh fading signal and SR output particle moments. Secondly, the probability density function (PDF) of the DSFH signal via channel Rayleigh fading enhanced by stochastic resonance (SR) is obtained by introducing the decision time. Thirdly, the detection probability, false alarm probability, ROC, and system bit error rate (BER) of the DSFH signals enhanced by SR under the Rayleigh fading conditions are obtained, under the minimum BER criterion. Finally, the conclusions are reached: one is that the DSFH signals via channel Rayleigh fading can still be detected by the SR system under low SNR, and the other one is that the SNR can reach the -13 dB by the reception of DSFH signal enhanced by SR, when the Rayleigh fading parameter is 0.2042.
Immunoinformatics Approach to Design a Chimeric CD70‐Peptide Vaccine against Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Namdari Haideh , Rezaei Farhad , Heidarnejad Fatemeh , Yaghoubzad-Maleki Mohammad , Karamigolbaghi Maryam
Published: January 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for the majority of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Overexpression of CD70 has been linked to advanced stages of RCC. Therefore, this study aims to develop a multiepitope vaccine targeting the overexpressed CD70 using immunoinformatics techniques. In this investigation, in silico multiepitope vaccines were constructed by linking specific CD70 protein epitopes for helper T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes. To enhance immunogenicity, sequences of cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP), penetratin (pAntp), along with the entire sequence of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), were attached to the N‐terminal and C‐terminal of the CD70 epitopes. Computational assessments were performed on these chimeric vaccines for antigenicity, allergenicity, peptide toxicity, population coverage, and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, refined 3D constructs were subjected to a range of analyses, encompassing structural B‐cell epitope prediction and molecular docking. The chosen vaccine construct underwent diverse assessments such as molecular dynamics simulation, immune response simulation, and in silico cloning. All vaccines comprised antigenic, nontoxic, and nonallergenic epitopes, ensuring extensive global population coverage. The vaccine constructs demonstrated favorable physicochemical characteristics. The binding affinity of chimeric vaccines to the TNF receptor remained relatively stable, influenced by the alignment of vaccine components. Molecular docking and dynamics analyses predicted stable interactions between CD70‐CPP‐TNF and the TNF receptor, indicating potential efficacy. In silico codon optimization and cloning of the vaccine nucleic acid sequence were accomplished using the pET28a plasmid. Furthermore, this vaccine displayed the capacity to modulate humoral and cellular immune responses. Overall, the results suggest therapeutic potential for the chimeric CD70‐CPP‐TNF vaccine against RCC. However, validation through in vitro and in vivo experiments is necessary. This trial is registered with NCT04696731 and NCT04046445.
Pole Allocation Applied to Two Buildings Connected by Joint Damper
Authors: Ikeda Yoshiki , Matsumoto Yuki
Published: January 2024

For two adjacent buildings connected by a joint damper, an inverse problem is formulated based on the pole allocation method in control theory. The structural system is simplified as a two‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) lumped‐mass damped shear model. The unified governing equation, which expresses the relationship between an assigned control target and the structural parameters for an earthquake‐resistant building, seismically isolated building, or passively controlled building, is extended to structural control using a joint damper. The introduced equation automatically constrains the variations in the structural parameters under the assigned modal properties. The integration of the pole allocation method and fixed‐point theory directly estimates the additional damping effect on the target buildings from the optimum capacity of the joint damper, which improves the trial‐and‐error steps at the preliminary design stage. The past fixed‐point theories do not provide the additional damping effect but the optimum damping coefficient of the joint damper. The present study directly links the additional damping with the damping of the joint damper. Numerical examples are used to verify the theoretical integration using a 20‐DOF building model wherein two 10‐DOF models are connected by a joint damper between the top lumped masses.
A De Novo Noncoding RARB Variant Associated with Complex Microphthalmia Alters a Putative Regulatory Element
Authors: Replogle Maria R. , Thompson Samuel , Reis Linda M. , Semina Elena V.
Published: January 2024

Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) is a transcriptional regulator crucial for coordinating retinoic acid- (RA-) mediated morphogenic movements, cell growth, and differentiation during eye development. Loss- or gain-of-function RARB coding variants have been associated with microphthalmia, coloboma, and anterior segment defects. We identified a de novo variant c.157+1895G>A located within a conserved region (CR1) in the first intron of RARB in an individual with complex microphthalmia and significant global developmental delay. Based on the phenotypic overlap, we further investigated the possible effects of the variant on mRNA splicing and/or transcriptional regulation through in silico and functional studies. In silico analysis identified the possibility of alternative splicing, suggested by one out of three (HSF, SpliceAI, and MaxEntScan) splicing prediction programs, and a strong indication of regulatory function based on publicly available DNase hypersensitivity, histone modification, chromatin folding, and ChIP-seq data sets. Consistent with the predictions of SpliceAI and MaxEntScan, in vitro minigene assays showed no effect on RARB mRNA splicing. Evaluation of CR1 for a regulatory role using luciferase reporter assays in human lens epithelial cells demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of the RARB promoter in the presence of wild-type CR1. This activity was further significantly increased in the presence of CR1 carrying the c.157+1895G>A variant, suggesting that the variant may promote RARB overexpression in human cells. Induction of RARB overexpression in human lens epithelial cells resulted in increased cell proliferation and elevated expression of FOXC1, a known downstream target of RA signaling and a transcription factor whose down- and upregulation is associated with ocular phenotypes overlapping the RARB spectrum. These results support a regulatory role for the CR1 element and suggest that the de novo c.157+1895G>A variant affecting this region may alter the proper regulation of RARB and, as a result, its downstream genes, possibly leading to abnormal development.
Characterization of Fractional Mixed Domination Number of Paths and Cycles
Authors: Shanthi P. , Amutha S. , Anbazhagan N. , Uma G. , Joshi Gyanendra Prasad , Cho Woong
Published: January 2024

Let G′ be a simple, connected, and undirected (UD) graph with the vertex set M(G′) and an edge set N(G′). In this article, we define a function f:M∪N⟶0,1 as a fractional mixed dominating function (FMXDF) if it satisfies fRmx=∑yϵRmxfy≥1 for all x∈MG′∪NG′, where Rmx indicates the closed mixed neighbourhood of x, that is the set of all y∈MG′∪NG′ such that y is adjacent to x and y is incident with x and also x itself. Here, pf=∑x∈M∪Nfx is the poundage (or weight) of f. The fractional mixed domination number (FMXDN) is denoted by γfm∗G′ and is designated as the lowest poundage among all FMXDFs of G′. We compute the FMXDN of some common graphs such as paths, cycles, and star graphs, the middle graph of paths and cycles, and shadow graphs. Furthermore, we compute upper bounds for the sum of the two fractional dominating parameters, resulting in the inequality γf1′Τ+γfm∗Τ≤r+p−radΤ−α, where γf1′ and γfm∗ are the fractional edge domination number and FMXDN, respectively. Finally, we compare γfm∗ to other resolvability-related parameters such as metric and fault-tolerant metric dimensions on some families of graphs.
Research on Equivalent Circuit Model of HVDC Valve and Calculation of Thyristor Junction Temperature
Authors: Yao Wei , Liu Yang , Guo Lei , Ding Guojun , Zhang Chaofeng , Wang Sen
Published: January 2024

For the difference of thyristor junction temperature at all levels in the transducer valve assembly in the series water circuit, an equivalent model of thyristor junction temperature calculation for the valve assembly is established, and PLECS simulation software is used to simulate and solve the junction temperature at all levels of the thyristor and check the junction temperature of the thyristor from the highest temperature of the measured radiator surface, and the results of the junction temperature checking show that the equivalent model of thyristor junction temperature calculation for the valve assembly has a high accuracy.
Plasma Lipidomics Profiling to Identify the Biomarkers of Diagnosis and Radiotherapy Response for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Lv Minghe , Shao Shali , Du Yajing , Zhuang Xibing , Wang Xiangdong , Qiao Tiankui
Published: January 2024

Background. Advanced lung cancer that contributes to a heavy burden on medical institutions is the leading cause of cancer-related death and is often accompanied by metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the biomarkers of diagnosis and radiotherapy response in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by plasma lipidomics analysis. Method. Using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer analysis, our research characterized the plasma lipid metabolomics profile of 25 healthy controls and 31 advanced NSCLC patients in each of three different radiotherapy phases. Results. The results showed altered lipid elements and concentrations among NSCLC patients with different radiotherapy phases, NSCLC subtypes, and different radiotherapeutic responses. We found that compared to the healthy controls, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were mainly and significantly altered lipid elements (> twofold, and p<0.05) among NSCLC patients with different radiotherapy phases. Through comparison of lipid elements between bad and good responses of NSCLC patients with radiotherapy, the obviously declined phosphatidylglycerol (PG 18 : 0/14 : 0, 18 : 1/18 : 3, and 18 : 0/20 : 1) or markedly elevated PI (20 : 0/22 : 5 and 18 : 2/22 : 4) and phosphatidic acid (PA 14 : 0/20 : 4, 14 : 0/20 : 3, and 18 : 2/22 : 4) could indicate poor therapeutic response for NSCLC patients. The results of ROC curve analysis suggested that PG (18 : 0/20 : 1 and 18 : 0/14 : 0) could clearly predict the radiotherapeutic response for NSCLC patients, and PS (18 : 0/20 : 0) and cholesterol were the first two lipid components with the most potential for the diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. Conclusion. Our results indicated that plasma lipidomics profiling might have a vital value to uncover the heterogeneity of lipid metabolism in healthy people and advanced NSCLC patients with different radiotherapy phase, and further to screen out radiotherapeutic response-specific biomarkers.
Wideband 4×4 Nolen Matrix with 360° Continuously Tuned Differential Phase and Low In-Band Phase Deviation Error
Authors: Yu Da , Liu Hongmei , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhongbao , Fang Shaojun
Published: January 2024

In the paper, a wideband tunable 4×4 Nolen matrix is proposed. By using the presented topology of the Nolen matrix, tunable output port phase differences can be realized by inserting one type of tunable phase shifters (T-PS). Besides, the in-band phase deviation error is minimized by adding compensation phase shifters (C-PSs) to the output ports of the Nolen matrix. Analytical design methods based on signal flow graphs and complex exponential signal are given to obtain the rigorous relationships of the coupling and phase shifts in the Nolen matrix. Besides, a detailed method for output ports phase slope compensation is provided. For validation, a prototype centered at 5.8 GHz is designed and fabricated. Measurement results agree well with the simulated ones. By using only one voltage to control the phase shifts of the T-PS in a 90° range for each input excitation of the Nolen matrix, a full 360° range of the progressive phase difference is realized by switching four input ports. The measured fractional bandwidth under 10 dB return loss and isolation is larger than 24.5% with the in−band±1.5 dB amplitude imbalance and ±15° phase deviation error for ports 1-4 excitations. Besides, for a more strict criterion of ±1 dB amplitude imbalance and 10° phase deviation error, the measured bandwidths are larger than 15% for all port excitations.
Antiarthritic and Antioxidant Activities of Antrocaryon micraster Seed Extract and Its Fractions
Authors: Kumatia Emmanuel Kofi , Baffour Prince Kyei , Bolah Peter
Published: January 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable debilitating disease which attacks the joints and impairs quality of life. Antrocaryon micraster is used to treat RA in African traditional medicine. However, its antiarthritic activity has not been pharmacologically studied. This study, therefore, reports the antiarthritic and antioxidant activities of A. micraster seed extract and its fractions. The seed extract (ASE) was produced by Soxhlet extraction and partitioned into petroleum ether (ASEP), ethyl acetate (ASEE), and aqueous (ASEA) fractions. The total polyphenolic content, DPPH antioxidant activity, and in vitro arthritic activity using the protein denaturation assay were evaluated for ASE and its fractions. The arthritic activity of the crude extract (ASE) and its most effective fraction (ASEA), in the in vitro assay, were then evaluated against CFA-induced arthritis in rats. The polyphenolic constituent of ASE was estimated to be 13.00±0.00 mg/100 mg of GAE. ASEA contained the highest quantity of polyphenolic constituents (10.76±0.00 mg/100 mg of GAE) among the fractions of the extract. ASE and ASEA produced profound antioxidant activity (IC50=20.17±1.291 and 19.35±0.865, respectively) which were similar to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.35±0.500) in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, in vitro antiarthritic activity of ASEA was 13.63 and 5.75 times higher than the antiarthritic activity of the crude extract and diclofenac sodium, respectively. In the CFA-induced arthritis assay, both ASE and ASEA significantly (P<0.001) inhibited cachexia, paw edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, pannus formation, and synovium damage. These results indicate that A. micraster seed extract and its fractions possessed significant antiarthritic activity via inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, protein denaturation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and synovium injury due to its constituents such as polyphenols and phytosterols.
A Hybrid Heuristic Model for Duty Cycle Framework Optimization
Authors: Ansah Kwabena , Appati Justice Kwame , Owusu Ebenezer , Abdulai Jamal-Deen
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a hybrid metaheuristic approach to optimize a duty cycle framework based on Seagull and Mayfly Optimization (HSMO-DC) Algorithm. This approach becomes crucial as current clustering protocols are unable to efficiently tune the clustering parameters in accordance to the diversification of varying WSNs. The proposed HSMO-DC primarily has two parts, where the first part takes care of the online cluster head selection and network communication using the seagull algorithm while the second part performs parameter optimization using the mayfly algorithm. The seagull is aimed at improving the energy distribution in the network through an effective bandwidth allocation procedure while reducing the total energy dissipation. Comparatively, with other clustering protocols, our proposed methods reveal an enhanced network lifetime with an improved network throughput and adaptability based on selected standard metric of performance measurement.
Relationship between Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Reaction Time Changes Prior to and following Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue in Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Xiao Wenwu , Yang Huaichun , Hao Zengming , Li Menglin , Zhao Mengchu , Zhang Siyun , Zhang Guifang , Mao Haian , Wang Chuhuai
Published: January 2024

Background. Reaction time is a reliable indicator of the velocity and efficiency of neuromuscular control and may be associated with fear-avoidance beliefs. However, the effect of exercise-induced muscle fatigue on reaction time in chronic low back pain (cLBP) and its relationship with fear-avoidance beliefs remains poorly understood. Objectives. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs and reaction time changes before and after exercise-induced muscle fatigue in cLBP. Methods. Twenty-five patients with cLBP were tested by the Biering–Sorensen test (BST) to induce exhaustive muscle fatigue. Total reaction time (TRT), premotor time (PMT), and electromechanical delay (EMD) of dominated deltoid muscle were recorded by surface electromyography during the arm-raising task with visual cues before and after muscle fatigue. The mean difference (MD) of TRT (MDTRT), PMT (MDPMT), and EMD (MDEMD) was calculated from the changes before and after muscle fatigue. Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) was applied to evaluate fear-avoidance beliefs before muscle fatigue. In addition, the duration time of BST was recorded for each subject. Results. TRT and PMT of dominated deltoid muscle were prolonged after exercise-induced muscle fatigue (Z = 3.511, p<0.001; t = 3.431, p=0.001), while there was no statistical difference in EMD (Z = 1.029, p=0.304). Correlation analysis showed that both the MDTRT and MDPMT were positively correlated with FABQ (r = 0.418, p=0.042; r = 0.422, p=0.040). Conclusions. These findings suggested that we should pay attention to both muscle fatigue-induced reaction time delay in cLBP management and the possible psychological mechanism involved in it. Furthermore, this study implied that FABQ-based psychotherapy might serve as a potential approach for cLBP treatment by improving reaction time delay. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2300074348.
Comparison of Mothership Versus Drip‐and‐Ship Models for Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion in the London Metropolitan Area
Authors: D'Anna Lucio , Falzon Andrew , Wong Oi Yean , Erla Jonsdottir , Christos Nikola , Spooner Oliver , Banerjee Soma , Zhang Liqun , Simister Rob
Published: January 2024

Background

To date it is uncertain whether the drip‐and‐ship (DS) model (transport to the nearest primary stroke centers) or the mothership (MS) model (direct transportation to the comprehensive stroke center) is the best prehospital stroke system of care to deliver endovascular thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery occlusion. In the present analysis, we aim to investigate the impact of MS versus DS model in patients with basilar artery occlusion treated with endovascular thrombectomy in the London metropolitan area.

Methods

This is a multicenter observational, investigator‐initiated, retrospective study comparing outcomes (functional independence, defined as modified Rankin scale scores of 0 through 2, the rate of successful reperfusion, and the rate of complications postprocedure) in DS versus MS stroke patients with basilar artery occlusion admitted in 5 thrombectomy capable centers in London (United Kingdom).

Results

Of 113 patients, 38 (33.6%) patients were MS and 75 (66.4%) were DS. Between the 2 groups we did not observe statistically significant differences for most of the clinical characteristics. There was a significant difference regarding the rate of functional independence at 3 months between the MS and DS groups, respectively 47.4% versus 36% (
P
 = 0.047). Rates of complications postprocedure and successful recanalization did not differ between the 2 groups. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that MS model was an independent predictor of functional independence at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.17; [95% CI, 1.11–1.26];
P
 = 0.003 and independent negative predictor of postoperative complications (OR, 0.39; [95% CI, 0.16–0.98];
P
 = 0.045).

Conclusion

Our study showed that MS model was a predictor of functional independence at 3 months and reduced risk of postoperative complications post‐endovascular thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery occlusion in a metropolitan area.
MARVEL: A Randomized Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy: Study Rationale and Design
Authors: Yang Qingwu , Guo Changwei , Yue Chengsong , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Peng Zhouzhou , Hu Jinrong , Huang Jiandi , Song Jiaxing , Huang Jiacheng , Kong Weilin , Yu Nizhen , Yang Dahong , Liu Xiang , Wang Duolao , Nogueira Raul G. , Li Fengli , Nguyen Thanh N. , Zi Wenjie
Published: January 2024

Background

Steroids have pleiotropic neuroprotective actions including the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis which may influence the effects of ischemia on neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. The effect of low‐dose methylprednisolone in patients with acute ischemic stroke in the endovascular therapy era remains unknown. This trial investigates the efficacy and safety of low‐dose methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg IV for 3 days) as adjunctive therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy within 24 hours from symptom onset.

Methods

The MARVEL (Methylprednisolone as Adjunctive Therapy for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion: A Randomized Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy) trial is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicenter clinical trial. Up to 1672 eligible patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion stroke presenting within 24 hours from symptom onset are planned to be consecutively randomized to receive methylprednisolone or placebo in a 1:1 ratio across 82 stroke centers in China.

Results

The primary outcome is the ordinal shift in the modified Rankin scale score at 90 days. Secondary outcomes include 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin scale score, 0–2). The primary safety end points include mortality rate at 90 days and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours of endovascular therapy.

Conclusion

The MARVEL trial will provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of low‐dose methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion stroke undergoing endovascular therapy.
Surgical Exploration and Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Web With Retained Thrombus
Authors: Daza‐Ovalle Juan Felipe , Esenwa Charles , Carnevale Matthew , Hu James , Zampolin Richard L. , Lipsitz Evan
Published: January 2024

Background

Symptomatic carotid web with retained thrombus represents a potential source of embolic strokes. However, the absence of diagnostic guidelines contributes to heterogeneity in management recommendations.

Methods

We present a patient with a right middle cerebral artery stroke attributable to carotid web with retained thrombus. Confirmation was obtained through surgical exploration, given the inconclusive imaging but strong index of suspicion.

Results

The presence of carotid web with retained thrombus was confirmed through surgical exploration. Cervical endarterectomy was performed and a carotid web with an associated thrombus was successfully resected.

Conclusion

We highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion and prompt treatment to mitigate the risk of recurrent strokes when suspecting carotid web with retained thrombus.
What are the Changes in 2023 for Access to Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) in France?
Authors: Bartos Blanka
Published: January 2024

ATMPs are the most expensive innovative treatments, thus they require special regulation. Past regulatory measures in France, such as limiting the growth of drug expenditures, the creation of a fund to finance pharmaceutical innovation, the use of performance-based contracts and greater emphasis on medico-economic evaluations in pricing have been contributing to having both universal access to innovative therapies and fair remuneration for innovation. The importance of transparency, public participation in healthcare evaluation, and the challenges of setting drug prices based on their value are not negligible either. Although further negotiations are still necessary to ensure equitable access to medicines and control rising healthcare costs, France has made pioneering steps recently which would be worthy to follow for other states. The Social Security Financing Act for 2023 introduces measures to control face prices, offers a new funding model, and encourages manufacturers to submit reimbursement claims for the full scope of marketing authorizations.
In the Book of Philemon: Brimme, a Rhetorical Ancient Formula Toward Contemporary Social Reflexivity
Authors: Melbourne Bertram
Published: January 2024

This article begins with social reflexivity and an explanation on an ancient formula that I describe as “Brimme,” an acronym for “build rapport, inform the mind, and move emotions.” Afterwards, the article deals with seminal subject matters in the Book of Philemon. Central are the literary and actualized themes toward the practice of healing, restoration, and community.
Muhammad Abdullah, Lahore-Ahmadi Americans and the Black Muslims of America
Authors: Abdat Fathie Bin Ali
Published: January 2024

Imam Muhammad Abdullah (1905–1992) has played a pivotal role shaping the Islamic experience in Fiji and America, two vastly different countries that spanned over six decades. Yet even today, his real historic identity is still shrouded in murky obscurity while his legacy lay mired by layers of confusing myths. This makes him at once fascinating and frustrating. Because Abdullah remains a figure of devotion and a contested site of memory across Islamic movements, it heightens the necessity amongst scholars to disentangle the mythical Abdullah from the historical Abdullah. This essay investigates Abdullah and the Lahore-Ahmadi’s complex entanglements with Wallace Muhammad’s black Muslim community. Their paths were curiously erratic and messy; at times intersecting on a personal, co-conspiratorial level in early 1960s Philadelphia and at other periods they chartered their own separate ways in the mid 1960s after the murderous bloodbaths of Nation of Islam’s religious feuds. From 1970, the pair rekindled their collaboration as their respective organizations became symbiotically intertwined with mixed ramifications.
Asherah Revisited as the Deuteronomist’s asherah: Was Asherah a Black Goddess?
Authors: Ahn John
Published: January 2024

This article reviews scholarship on Asherah/asherah in light of Ze’ev Meshel’s discovery, including the long held discourses and thoughts on Kuntillet ‘Ajrud and Kibert el-Kom. Grammar takes precedence. A question that seems to have been left out in the current discourse, was Asherah a black goddess?
The Impact of Adhesive-Containing Nanoparticles of ZrO2and TiO2 on Antimicrobial Effectiveness, the Strength of Bonding, and the Extent of Microleakage in Dentin Affected by Caries
Authors: Niazi Fayez Hussain , Bahra Shadi El , Ansary Nisren , Qamar Zeeshan , Albahkaly Hajar , Bamousa Badr , Smran Ahlam , Ahmari Ahmed Al , Al-Akki Saleh Wael S. , Samran Abdulaziz
Published: January 2024

Aims: Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in-cooperated in a three-step etch and rinse adhesive against Lactobacillus survival rate, shear bond strength (SBS) and marginal leakage on CAD. Methods: Ninety premolars
having occlusal carries to the middle third of the dentin were included. Inoculation of Lactobacillus on CAD surface was performed on 30 samples. The remaining 60 samples were then divided into three groups based on primer applied in three steps etch and rinse (n = 20) Group
1 (Optibond FL), Group 2: (Optibond FL + TiO2), and Group 3: (Optibond FL + ZrO2). The survival rate was assessed on the 30 samples. The remaining 60 samples were applied with Optibond FL bonding agent and composite restorative material. Microleakage, SBS, and failure
mode were analyzed. The means and standard deviations (SD) were compared utilizing ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: Specimens in Group 1 demonstrated the maximum numbers of Lactobacillus species and marginal leakage values. Group 2 specimens
displayed the minimum count of bacteria, lowest microleakage scores, and highest bond values. However, Group 1 specimens showed the lowest bond integrity. Conclusions: ZrO2 and TiO2 NPs filled dental adhesive demonstrated better antimicrobial efficacy and bond
strength. They also cause a reduction in marginal leakage at the resin dentin interface.