Effectiveness ambon banana stem juice as immunostimulatory against Aeromonas hydrophila infections in catfish Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Astria Qorie , Nuryati Sri , Nirmala Kukuh , Alimuddin Alimuddin 
Published: December 2017

<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Outbreaks of infectious diseases due to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in catfish can cause high death rates (80–100%). Fish disease control can be done using phytopharmaceutical to prevent or treat diseases of fish. One of the phytopharmaceutical that known to prevent the fish diseases is ambon banana stem <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of catfish immersion using banana stem juice as an immunostimulant against bacterial infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>. The observed parameters were a total performance of production, hematological test, and water quality. Immersion of catfish seeds with stem juice was performed at a concentration of 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, and 21 mL/L for 30 minutes. Each treatment consisted of three replications. A  total of 15 fishes were immersed in 1.5 L water. At day-9 after immersion, fish was infected by <em>A. hydrophila</em> bacteria at a dose of 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. The results showed that fish treated with banana stem juice at a concentration of 13 mL/L had the survival rate of 53.33±6.67% which is higher than positive control (33.33±6.67%). Based on hematology observations on the 3rd day post-challenge test (H12) with <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, differential leukocyte, and lysozyme activity was highest in treatment13 mL/L. Lower feed conversion ratio (1.08±0.04) were also obtained in treatment 13 mL/L. Thus Immersion of seeds in stem juice can boost the immune system against infections <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, ambon banana stem juice, soaking, catfish, immune system</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Wabah penyakit akibat infeksi <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> pada ikan lele dapat menyebabkan tingkat kematian yang tinggi (80–100%). Penanggulangan penyakit ikan dapat dilakukan menggunakan fitofarmaka untuk mencegah ataupun mengobati penyakit ikan. Salah satu fitofarmaka yang dapat digunakan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit ikan adalah batang pisang ambon lumut <em>Musa cavendishii</em> var. dwarf Paxton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas perendaman benih ikan lele dengan menggunakan air perasan batang pisang ambon sebagai imunostimulan terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Parameter yang diamati selama penelitian adalah kinerja produksi, uji hematologi dan pengukuran kualitas air. Perendaman benih ikan lele dengan air perasan  dilakukan pada konsentrasi 5 mL/L, 13 mL/L, dan 21 mL/L selama 30 menit. Pada hari ke-9 setelah perendaman, ikan diinfeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila </em>pada kepadatan 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman ikan dengan air perasan pada konsentrasi 13 mL/L memiliki kelangsungan hidup yakni sebesar 53,33±6,67%, lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif  (33,33±6,67%). Berdasarkan pengamatan pada uji hematologi hari ke-3 pascauji tantang (H12) dengan bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>, total eritrosit, hemoglobin, total leukosit, aktivitas fagositik, dan aktivitas lisozim tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi 13 mL/L. Rasio konversi pakan yang rendah (1,08±0,04) juga terdapat pada perlakuan 13 mL/L. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perendaman benih ikan lele pada air perasan dapat meningkatkan sistem imun terhadap infeksi bakteri <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, air perasan batang pisang ambon, perendaman, ikan lele, sistem imun</p>