bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Asram' is not for hospital’: Perceptions and management of newborn illnesses in two urban slums in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Adimazoya¹* Edward Akolgo , Ganle²† John Kumuuori , Asampong³† Emmanuel , Glozah³† Franklin , Adongo³† Philip Baba
Published: December 2024

Background: Neonatal mortality remains a significant public health challenge globally, and Ghana is no exception. In Ghana, neonatal deaths accounts for 61% of infant deaths and 43% of under-five deaths. While the illnesses that affect neonates and contribute to neonatal mortality are widely known, and interventions for managing these illnesses exist, it is not clear how these illnesses are perceived and managed in many local communities including urban slums in Ghana. This paper explored the illnesses affecting neonates and their perceptions and management in two urban slums in Accra, Ghana.
Methods: This qualitative study forms part of a concurrent mixed methods cross-sectional study that was conducted in two large urban slums (Ashaiman and Sodom and Gomorrah) in Accra. The qualitative component of the study involved 14 focus groups discussions and 13 in- depth interviews with purposively sampled mothers, traditional birth attendants, caregivers, community leaders and health workers at national and sub national level. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 Pro.
Results: Several common newborn illnesses were reported including diarrhoea, fever, cough, acute respiratory infections, neonatal jaundice, and rashes. There were also other locally themed newborn illnesses including “tomatoes”, “asram”, “obopremu”, “obobre” “bosu -bosu”. Most locally themed illnesses were generally perceived as caused by evil spirits and therefore “not for hospital”. Rather, these illnesses are managed by pastors, mallams, herbalists through exorcism and herbal concoctions. Key barriers to newborn care in the slums include inadequate infrastructure, lack of newborn resuscitation equipment, poor provider skills and competencies, and negative attitude of health service providers.
Conclusion: The main illnesses affecting newborns in the slums are diarrhoea, fever, cough, acute respiratory infections, “asram”, “obobre” neonatal jaundice, rashes, “tomatoes” and “bosu-bosu”. The key barriers to newborn care included cost, waiting time, distance and negative attitude of health care providers. Importantly, the findings suggested that how people in urban spaces perceive the cause of their newborn illness determined the nature and type of treatment. It is critical therefore that targeted health educational interventions are designed and implemented in these urban slums to address misconceptions and improve care for newborns.
Soil Detachment Efficiency Coefficient Functions for an Unpaved Road in Southern Brazil
Authors: Jerszurki Lucas , Schultz Gilson Bauer , Jerszurki Daniela , Santos Irani dos
Published: December 2024

Soil detachment is a key parameter to describe the hydrosedimentological cycle in rural and urban watersheds. Few studies explore the applicability of equations for calculating soil detachment efficiency, especially in specific environments such as unpaved roads in Pinus taeda L. reforestation areas. The aim of this study was to compare the methodologies for estimation of soil detachment efficiency coefficient, available in the openLISEM hydrological model (Rauws and Govers 1988; Morgan et al. 1998; and Morgan 2001), for a section of an unpaved rural road in a Pinus taeda forest in Southern Brazil, over six contrasting rainfall events monitored in 2013. The results of the simulations were compared with monitored series of discharge and sediment production. The Morgan et al. (1998) function resulted in the lowest soil detachment rate, while the Rauws and Govers (1988) function presented better adjusted accumulated values, which are highly affected by the site properties and initial calibration. These results can help in calculating the coefficient of soil detachment by runoff in regions with similar climates.
Early Life History Traits and Elevated Growth Trajectories Associated with Survival into Winter in Range-Expanding Coral Reef Fish.
Authors: Rigg Alexander , Fowler Ashley M , Sommer Brigitte , Booth David J
Published: December 2024

Climate change is driving the poleward range expansion of sub-tropical and tropical marine species into temperate ecosystems, with ocean-warming hotspots experiencing rapid shifts in species distributions. While recruitment to temperate waters by expatriating tropical vagrant fish is increasing, surviving through the cooler winters remains a significant barrier to their establishment. This study investigates the links between early life history traits and survival into winter in the Sergeant Major (Abudefduf vaigiensis), a tropical damselfish expanding its range into temperate southeastern Australia. Using otolith microstructure analysis, we reconstructed the early life histories of 122 individuals collected from rocky reef in Sydney (33.8oS) Australia in 2022 and 2023 and assessed their early life history traits. Our results demonstrate that individuals surviving into the winter (hereafter “wintered fish”) had a larger size at hatching, longer pelagic larval duration, and higher body condition than fish collected before winter. Lower settlement water temperatures were positively associated with winter survival, indicating that a settlement date closer to the onset of winter was favourable. Additionally, wintered fish, exhibited higher growth rates in early life compared to fish sampled prior to winter onset. These findings suggest that some early life history traits are selected for survival into winter, potentially mediating the physiological impacts of declining water temperature. If such traits increase overwinter survival they may facilitate the establishment of this range-expanding species in temperate rocky reef environments.
Modelling the Impact of Climate on Cholera
Authors: Shackleton Debbie , Dutta Shanta , Kanungo Suman , Deb Alok , Economou Theo
Published: December 2024

Background
Cholera remains a persistent killer in many parts of the world. The disease is highly climate sensitive, however previous attempts to model its future under climate change have been limited to statistical analyses. Mechanistic models are an essential addition because they permit a deeper understanding of the complex feedback loops involved in infectious disease transmission, allowing for better modelling of potential scenarios such as interventions or changes in pathogen dynamics.
Methods
We compare four mathematical models with differing assumptions of climate sensitivity and fit them to a cholera dataset from Kolkata, India using MCMC. We then use bias-corrected climate projections of temperature and rainfall from 10 independent global climate models to produce climate-based cholera projections for the period 2080–2099.
Results
Using both temperature and rainfall as inputs, the best performing model recreates seasonal patterns highly effectively. Future projections suggest an average increase in cholera cases ranging from 81% − 150% due to climate change by 2080–2099 with earlier peaks in the infection cycle likely due to heightened transmission rates earlier in the year. Sensitivity analysis reveals that uncertainties in parameters related to the contact rate and water dynamics have the greatest impact on model projections, suggesting that these factors are critical for refining future predictions.
Conclusion
While our mechanistic model shows promise in projecting cholera under climate scenarios, it also highlights uncertainties and gaps in current literature, such as the effects of extreme temperatures and certain epidemiological parameters. Addressing these gaps through multidisciplinary collaboration and refined modelling will be essential for improving cholera projections under changing climate conditions and informing long-term control strategies.
A new optimized framework based on fractional-order gradients for enhancement of color digital images
Authors: Pereyra-Guzmán J. D. , Solís-Pérez J. E. , Gómez-Aguilar J. F. , Fair Merlin J. , Olivares-Peregrino V. H.
Published: December 2024

This work proposes an optimized framework to enhance brightness while preserving textures and details in color digital images. The proposed method uses the conformable Gaussian and fractional Caputo–Fabrizio gradient to process the red (r), green (g), and blue (b) channels separately. The optimal models were reached via the Simulated Annealing algorithm to find the best parameters with an acceptable performance. The numerical simulations show that the parameter ξ in the fractional gradients works as a low-pass filter, whereas the conformable Gaussian gradient works as a low and high-pass filter. The proposed processing procedure is compared with other works in the literature, showing less image degradation, an acceptable structural similarity index, high contrast, and better perceptual quality.
Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for epileptic seizures: a systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Li Tiemin , Wei Da , Aihemaitiniyazi Adilijiang , Zhang Huawei , Liu Changqing
Published: December 2024

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a commonly used biomarker for inflammation and is typically elevated in patients experiencing epileptic seizures making it a valuable diagnostic indicator in clinical practice. However, there is no consensus on the predictive value of NLR in patients with epileptic seizures. Given this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the predictive value of NLR for epileptic seizures. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, systematically reviewing the literature from January 1, 2000, to May 1, 2024, and determined the eligible studies. NLR values and corresponding sample sizes were extracted from each included study, and a random effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Egger's test was also used in this meta-analysis to investigate publication bias. After a comprehensive literature search and screening, we included 16 studies in our meta-analysis. The pooled results indicate that NLR levels in the epileptic seizure group are significantly higher compared to the non-seizure group (random effects model, SMD 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.67, P < 0.0001). Heterogeneity tests revealed significant heterogeneity (I² = 82%). Sensitivity analysis results indicate that our findings are robust to the influence of individual studies. Subgroup analysis results suggest that the testing time of NLR and mean/median age are sources of heterogeneity. Egger's test shows no significant publication bias in this meta-analysis. This is the first meta-analysis to demonstrate that NLR, as a biomarker, has good predictive value for epileptic seizures. The meta-analysis has been registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42024550918).
A study on prevalence, clinical profile, severity and prescription pattern of drugs in patients with stroke
Authors: Haq Mohammed Misbah Ul , Hussain Safa , Parupugalla Swetha , Fatima Sadia , Zabeeruddin Mohammed , Almas Juveria , Shoaib Shaik Mohd
Published: December 2024

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death, significantly impacting both health and the economy. Strokes can be categorized into two main types: ischemic strokes which occur because some cerebral arteries are blocked while hemorrhagic strokes are due to ruptured blood vessels. The study enrolled 120 stroke patients, documenting demographic details including age, gender, residence, stroke type, severity, and treatment. The NIHSS was employed to assess stroke severity, and relevant statistical tests were applied. The results revealed that 62.5% of patients were male, indicating a higher prevalence of stroke in men. The majority of patients were aged 61–70 years. Ischemic stroke was more common (75%) compared to hemorrhagic stroke (25%). Hemiparesis, or the inability to move upper and lower limbs, was the most frequently observed symptom. Hypertension (70%) and diabetes mellitus (50%) were the most prevalent comorbid conditions. Most patients experienced moderate strokes as assessed by the NIHSS. Antiplatelets, particularly aspirin, were the most commonly prescribed drugs (80%), followed by antihypertensives (70%) and statins (65%). In conclusion, this study highlights the significant burden of stroke, particularly among the elderly and men, with ischemic stroke being the most prevalent type. Hypertension emerged as a critical comorbidity. The findings underscore the importance of early intervention, effective risk factor management, and targeted preventive strategies. Future studies with larger sample sizes could further enhance stroke management practices and improve patient outcomes.
Dynamical development of strength and stability of asteroid material under 440 GeV proton beam irradiation
Authors: Bochmann Melanie , Schlesinger Karl-Georg , Arrowsmith Charles , Alexaki Paraskevi , Poza Marta Alfonso , Ambarki Mohamed , Andersen Emily , Bilbao Pablo , Bingham Robert , Cruz Filipe , Rahmoun Aboubakr Ebn , Goillot Alice , Halliday Jonathan , Huffman Brian , Kamenicka Eva , Lazzaroni Michael , Los Eva , Quetsch Jean-Marc , Reville Brian , Rousiadou Panagiota , Sarkar Subir , Silva Luis , Simon Pascal , Soria Enrica , Stergiou Vasiliki , Zhang Sifei , Charitonidis Nikolaos , Gregori Gianluca
Published: December 2024

The material properties of asteroid samples exhibit a dynamic response under high-energy irradiation, which no experiments have yet been able to cover.
However, studying the material response of asteroid material is relevant in several fields. For instance, proposed asteroid deflection techniques, all require the material behavior of the object to be known very precisely to model deflection orbits accurately and to predict the transfer of kinetic energy.
In our experimental campaign at CERN's HiRadMat facility, we have, for the first time, irradiated an iron-meteorite sample with 440 GeV protons delivered by the Super Proton Synchrotron. Laser Doppler Vibrometry was utilized to measure the thermally induced stress waves in real-time, produced by energy deposition in the sample.
Our work suggests that one can deposit much higher amounts of energy into asteroid material without destruction than one would assume from the material parameters as measured before high-energy irradiation.
Single-Step Thermo-Mechano-Chemical Approach for Advance Magnet Manufacturing
Authors: Gwalani Bharat , Malakar Aniruddha , Martin Andrew , Ishrak Farhan , Yu Anqi , Pole Mayur , Darsell Jens , Wang Tianhao , Helsing Joseph , Thornton John , Lastovich Michae , Kovarik Libor , Grant Glenn , Tracy Joseph , Thuo Martin , Efe Mert
Published: December 2024

Demand for strong permanent magnets has been rising due to their diverse and unique applications. Traditionally, these magnets are produced through powder metallurgy, but their inherent brittleness limits manufacturing yields. Herein, an alternative single-step method for mechano-chemical sintering of brittle Sm-Co magnetic powders through Friction Stir Consolidation (FSC) - resulting in a combination of mechano-chemo-thermal stimuli, is reported. Open-air FSC of commercially obtained SmCo5 (containing Sm2Co7) led to oxidation of Sm2Co7 into nano-crystalline SmCo(5-x) (where x < 1) precipitates and Sm2O3 phases. Heat generated due to the redox reaction and adiabatic heating abets compaction. Degree of phase transition during FSC was dependent on dwell time, with longer times facilitating transformation of Sm2Co7 into SmCo(5-x) and improving saturation magnetization. This study demonstrates that a low-temperature, shear-assisted deformation and consolidation process can effectively consolidate brittle powders like SmCo5 with concomitant reduction in total Sm2Co7 contaminant. Our method leads to enhancement of desired magnetic properties in Sm-Co magnets by controlling the initial powder mix and processing conditions (i.e., atmosphere and process parameters) during FSC.
Predicting Photovoltaic-Thermal Panel Output in Urban Contexts Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Nazeri Alireza , Taheri Ali , Zomorodian Zahra Sadat
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the use of data-driven methods for predicting photovoltaic (PV) panel electricity generation has grown significantly, with most studies relying on databases of actual PV panel performance. This study introduces a comprehensive methodology for predicting the performance of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panels, specifically focusing on electricity generation, hot water production, and carbon reduction. By leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Random Forest (RF), this research differentiates itself from prior studies by integrating predictive models for both electrical and thermal outputs. Additionally, the study examines the effect of different installation patterns on PVT panel output. A total of 1,575 different installation configurations were modeled across three urban districts in Tehran, and the results were used to train the two ML algorithms, which were then compared using Pearson correlation coefficient (R²), Root-mean-square deviation (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) metrics. The RF algorithm demonstrated superior performance, achieving an R² accuracy of 0.91 and shorter learning time. Finally, a framework is proposed based on the findings and simulation steps for predicting electricity generation, hot water production, and carbon reduction of PVT systems.
Assessment of chronic procrastination in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Salahuddin , Alzakari Meshal , Alsuhaibani Renad , Alghanmi Amjad , Alkanhal Abdulrahman , Alabdulkarim Alanoud , Salahuddin Amra , Huda Arwa , Moiz Muhammad Umer Abdul , Alzkari Faisal
Published: December 2024

Background:Procrastination, defined as the voluntary delay of intended actions, affects personal and academic tasks, and is linked to decreased quality of life and well-being. This study evaluates the prevalence, causes, and effects of chronic procrastination among adults in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on demographic associations, psychological impacts, and coping strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic procrastination among adults in Saudi Arabia, identify its demographic and psychological predictors, and evaluate its effects on personal well-being, academic performance, and daily functioning.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,093 participants, aged 18–55 years, residing in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a self-administered online survey covering demographics, procrastination behaviors, and coping strategies. Statistical analysis, including chi-square and exact probability tests, identified associations between procrastination frequency and demographic factors.
Results:Of the participants, 69.9% reported frequent procrastination, with academic tasks (56.6%) and household chores (13.9%) being the most delayed activities. Common reasons for procrastination included poor time management (76.2%), boredom (59.7%), and lack of motivation (57.3%). Over 65% experienced health impacts, such as sleep problems and stress. Procrastination significantly affected both personal life (55.1%) and work/studies (70%). Time management, task division, and deadline-setting were the most utilized strategies, though effectiveness varied.
Conclusion:The study indicates a high prevalence of procrastination among young adults, particularly students, with detrimental impacts on personal and academic functioning. Training programs focused on time management and prioritization could help reduce procrastination in this population.
Categories: Psychology, Behavioral Science, Time Management, Well-being
Machine-learning based prediction of appendicitis for patients presenting with acute abdominal pain at the emergency department.
Authors: schipper anoeska , Belgers Peter , O'Connor Rory , Jie Kim Ellis , Dooijes Robin , Bosma Joeran Sander , Kurstjens Steef , Kusters Ron , Ginneken Bram van , Rutten Matthieu
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute abdominal pain (AAP) constitutes 5-10% of all emergency department (ED) visits, with appendicitis being a prevalent AAP etiology often necessitating surgical intervention. The variability in AAP symptoms and causes, combined with the challenge of identifying appendicitis, complicate timely intervention. To estimate the risk of appendicitis, scoring systems such as the Alvarado score have been developed. However, diagnostic errors and delays remain common. Although various machine learning (ML) models have been proposed to enhance appendicitis detection, none have been seamlessly integrated into the ED workflows for AAP or are specifically designed to diagnose appendicitis as early as possible within the clinical decision-making process. To mimic daily clinical practice, this proof-of-concept study aims to develop ML models that support decision-making using comprehensive clinical data up to key decision points in the ED workflow to detect appendicitis in patients presenting with AAP.
Methods: Data from the Dutch triage system at the ED, vital signs, complete medical history and physical examination findings and routine laboratory test results were retrospectively extracted from 350 AAP patients presenting to the ED of a Dutch teaching hospital from 2016 to 2023. Two eXtreme Gradient Boosting ML models were developed to differentiate cases with appendicitis from other AAP causes: one model used all data up to and including physical examination, and the other was extended with routine laboratory test results. The performance of both models was evaluated on a validation set (n=68) and compared to the Alvarado scoring system as well as three ED physicians in a reader study.
Results: The ML models achieved AUROCs of 0.919 without laboratory test results and 0.923 with the addition of laboratory test results. The Alvarado scoring system attained an AUROC of 0.824. ED physicians achieved AUROCs of 0.894, 0.826, and 0.791 without laboratory test results, increasing to AUROCs of 0.923, 0.892, and 0.859 with laboratory test results.
Conclusions: Both ML models demonstrated comparable high accuracy in predicting appendicitis in patients with AAP, outperforming the Alvarado scoring system. The ML models matched or surpassed ED physician performance in detecting appendicitis, with the largest potential performance gain observed in absence of laboratory test results. Integration could assist ED physicians in early and accurate diagnosis of appendicitis.
Traditional contraceptive practices: Survey of medicinal plants used to control birth in selected states in western Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Mutiat , Odewo Akinniyi , Lawal Bilqis , Oyedeji Oluseye , Balogun Noimot , Tijani Wakilat , Abdulraheem Abdullahi , Shafiyi Jubril , Ilomuanya Margaret
Published: December 2024

Although modern family planning practices are actively advocated, there is a considerable reliance on traditional medicines for contraception due to their perceived safety. The open-ended questionnaire used in this study sought to gain insights into birth control practices from traditional providers’ perspectives. Herb sellers, traditional healers and/or herbal practitioners from 17 local government areas in Oyo, Osun, Kwara and Lagos states were interviewed, and consultations for male and female contraception, names of plants, methods of preparation and modes of administration were documented. Among the 120 questionnaires administered via the clustering sampling technique, 109 were recovered. The data collected were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. 28, 18, 10 and 4 plant species were listed in Kwara, Lagos, Oyo and Osun States, while the most frequently prescribed species for female contraception were Jatropha curcas (22.45%), Mucuna sloanei (27.27%), Carica papaya (33.33%) and C. papaya (46.67%), respectively. The predominant plant families were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Caricaceae, with 39, 27 and 23 occurrences, respectively. The plant species were mostly prepared in combination forms, with the ring, seeds and leaves being the most common contraceptives given to contraceptive seekers with accompanying instructions. A statistically significant difference existed between the plant form and education level of the respondents, [ꭓ2 = 5.642, df = 1, p = < 0.018], and the contraceptive seekers, [ꭓ2 = 11.862, df = 1, p = 0.001], but not between the plant form and respondent status, route of administration and side effects. Further investigations need to be carried out to validate and understand the mechanisms of herbal contraceptives.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Tinospora Cordifolia extract through in-vitro and in-vivo methods
Authors: Pervaiz Amar , Yousaf Faha , Iqbal Rashid , Ishaq Saira , Fouad Dalia , kashif Sana , Manan Maria , Shinwari Muhammad Shoaib , Shabbir Muhammad Danial
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation, pain and stiffness, leading to loss of function of the joint. However, pharmacological treatments are usually accompanied by undesired adverse side effects, therefore, there has been a relatively increased concern in other forms of treatment. In this research, the possible treatment effects of Tinospora cordifolia are examined given that the plant possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, in vivo and in vitro approaches were employed in conducting the research. In vivo the study entailed the use of Tinospora cordifolia extract on an animal model of RA to determine its therapeutic efficacy in relation to joint swelling, pain and inflammation. Some of the animals received the extract for a pre – determined period and clinical signs of arthritis like paw swelling and pain score were assessed. The changes in the degree of tissue injury and inflammation at the cellular level were also assessed using histopathological examination. In vitro studies analyzed the scientific performance of the extract on immune cells and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. PBMCs were prepared and cultured with Tinospora cordifolia extract and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, IL-6 were estimated. Cell viability and the regulation of cytokine gene expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. The findings showed that the tested compounds reduced the joint inflammation and pain in the in vivo RA model, as well as suppressed the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the in vitro experiments. It is further evidence that Tinospora cordifolia may have immunomodulatory effects and anti-inflammatory activity and could be used as a complementary or even an alternative to conventional RA medicines. Thus, more studies are required before pinpointing bioactive compounds accountable for the effects depicted herein.
In-silico toxicity analysis for interaction between Organophosphates and Acetyl cholinesterase through molecular level simulation
Authors: Singh Tanya , Verma Awadhesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Organophosphates act as the chief constituents of pesticides and nerve agents, and their toxicological effects have caused harm not just to our environment but to human beings as well. Here, we have observed how interaction of Organophosphates (OPs) with the synaptic enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can provide effective insights into studying the biological manifestation of OPs causing human ailments like neurodegenerative diseases. To further analyze how these OP components when bound with functional enzymes in the human body induce neurodegenerative disorders, we present an in-silicoanalysis of the toxicity of Organophosphates (OPs) by their interaction with Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for regulating neuronal signalling and transmission among muscles and motor nerves. Computational analysis was done using molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) approaches, where molecular docking simulations helped determine the binding affinity evaluation, interaction sites, and conformations of AChE when docked with OPs. DFT estimations explored molecular mechanisms for OP toxicity, electronic properties and reactivity of OP compounds selectively. Through docking results, relatively strong binding affinities between OPs and AChE was observed which suggested OPs potential interference with the enzyme's function. The molecular dynamics simulations for their interaction provided important insights for the molecular basis of organophosphate toxicity, emphasizing the importance of their interaction with neuronal functioning enzymes. Such computational approach could provide a valuable framework for OP toxicology prediction, along with further analysis for in-vitro and in-vivo experiments.
ИСТОРИЧНОСТЬ И ИСТОРИЯВ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ XXI ВЕКА*
Authors: Чеканцева З.А.
Published: December 2024

Актуализация идеи историчности в интеллектуальной культуре второй половины XX века стала одним из проявлений исторического поворота в научном познании. Опираясь на работы философов, антропологов, историков, филологов, автор стремится понять, в чем заключается содержание такого поворота и как воспринимается историчность на пороге третьего тысячелетия. Проблематика историчности обсуждается в русле антителеологической мысли, которая постепенно реабилитировала разрывы в истории, виртуальность прошлого, фундаментальность реляционного взаимодействия прошлого и настоящего. Выявляются различия между историчностью в классическом познании и в интеллектуальной культуре рубежа XX–XXI вв.; обсуждаются особенности концептуализации историчности на пересечении филологической и исторической перспектив; показано трансдисциплинарное происхождение синтагмы режим историчности, ее связь с темпоральным поворотом в познании и когнитивными процессами в научной деятельности.

Actualization of historicity in the intellectual culture of the second half of the 20th c. became one of the manifestations of the "historical turn" in scientific knowledge. The author looks at the works by philosophers, anthropologists, historians, philologists to understand what the content of this turn is and how historicity is perceived at the beginning of the third Millennium. It is shown that the problem of historicity has been discussed for several decades in line with anti-theleological thought, which gradually rehabilitated the gaps in history, the virtuality of the past, the fundamental nature of the relational interaction between the past and the present. Differences between historicity in classical cognition and in the intellectual culture of late 20th – early 21st cc. are revealed; peculiarities of the conceptualization of historicity at the intersection of philological and historical perspectives are discussed, as well as transdisciplinary origin of the syntagma regime of historicity, its relationship with the temporal turn in cognition and cognitive processes in research activities.
СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫЕ ЖИТИЯ СВЯТЫХМЕЖДУ ИСТОРИЕЙ И ИСТОРИОГРАФИЕЙ
Authors: Бикеева Н.Ю.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности средневековой агиографии как жанра. Автор приходит к выводу, что средневековые жития, несмотря на наличие общих мест и сходных риторических приемов, близки средневековой историографии. В них можно найти данные не только о религиозных практиках, убеждениях и ценностях, но также о событиях повседневной жизни, общественных институтах и людях. Тематическая и риторическая нормативность не исключает идеологической гибкости и подвижности агиографических текстов. В статье выявляются причины возрастания интереса современных исследователей к агиографии.

The article discusses medieval hagiography as a genre. The author comes to the conclusion that medieval Lives, despite of topoi and similar rhetorical devices, may be close to medieval historiography. In hagiographic texts one can find data not only about religious practices, beliefs and values, but also about the events of everyday life, public institutions and people. The thematic and rhetorical normativity do not exclude the ideological flexibility and mobility of hagiographic texts. The article reveals the reasons for the growing interest of modern researchers in hagiography.
М.Р. ШТЕФАНИКВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ
Authors: Колесников Б.В.
Published: December 2024

Автор выясняет, как изменялось отношение к личности и деятельности М.Р. Штефа-ника в эмигрантской, советской и современной российской историографии. Проанализирован вклад каждого из этапов развития национальной историографии в формировании образа М.Р. Штефаника в научной сфере исторической памяти.

he author has traced changing evaluations of the personality and activity of M.R. Štefanik in the emigrant, Soviet and contemporary Russian historiography. The article analyzes a contribution of every stage of national historiography in formation of Štefanik's image in the scientific sphere of historical memory.
ПОНЯТИЕ ЭЛЛИНИЗМАВ СОВЕТСКОЙ И ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИстадиальность и закономерность илиисторическая конкретность и случайность?
Authors: Ладынин И.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируются теоретические и мировоззренческие предпосылки к восприятию эллинизма как этапа в развитии рабовладения (А.Б. Ранович) и как конкретно-исторического явления (К.К. Зельин), сильные и слабые стороны этих позиций и их судьба в науке конца ХХ – начала XXI в. По мнению автора, эллинизм (состояние греческого мира после завоеваний Александра) является не столько этапом в каком-либо процессе, сколько конкретной формой выхода греческого полиса из его кризиса в IV в. до н.э.

The paper considers theoretical and mental biases for the perception of Hellenism as a stage in the development of slavery (A. Ranovich) or as a historically specific phenomenon (K.K. Zelyin), qualities and faults of these approaches and their destiny in later research. In author’s view Hellenism, i.e. a condition of the Hellenic world after Alexander’s conquests, is not a stage in a process but a form of the Greek polis’ recourse from its crisis in the 4th century B.C.
РУССКИЙ ПЕРЕВОД ФУЭРО ЛЕОНА В КОНТЕКСТЕИСТОРИИ СОВЕТСКОЙ МЕДИЕВИСТИКИ 1980-х гг.
Authors: Ауров О.В.
Published: December 2024

Автор рассматривает проблемы русского перевода одного из важнейших памятников средневекового испанского законодательства – фуэро Леона (1017–1020) в связи с социально-политическим и культурным контекстом развития советской медиевистики в 1980-е гг. Исследуются причины обращения к памятнику, выбор текстологической основы перевода, особенности русского текста и структура комментария к нему. Особое внимание уделено понятийной системе как следствию историографических представлений, доминировавших в отечественной науке указанного периода.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of Russian translation of the Fuero of León (1017–1020), which is one of the most important Spanish medieval legal texts. This history was closely connected to social, political and cultural context of the medieval studies in the USSR of the 1980s. The author pays attention to the problems like the causes of the decision to translate this text into Russian, the selection of the textual base of the translation, the characteristics of the Russian text and of the commentary, added to it. The peculiarities of the Russian conceptual system are specially emphasized.
ЛЕОНИД МИХАЙЛОВИЧ БАТКИН: РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯО ВСЕМИРНОСТИ В ИНТЕРЬЕРЕ ИНДИВИДНОСТИ
Authors: Хут Л.Р.
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируется научное наследие выдающегося российского культуролога Л.М. Баткина (1932–2016) в той его части, в которой очерчен широкий круг теоретико-методологических вопросов современной исторической науки, так или иначе связанных с проблематикой всемирной истории и макроисторическими изысканиями. Исследуется авторская рефлексия на темы истории как инонауки, «методологического нигилизма» части практикующих историков, соотношения микро- и макроподходов в изучении прошлого, Большой Истории как Макроказуса, пользы сослагательного наклонения в истории, процесса глобализации и глобальной истории, прогностической функции истории.

The article analyzes the scientific heritage of the outstanding Russian culturologist L.M. Batkin (1932-2016) in that part of it, which outlines a wide range of theoretical and methodological issues of contemporary historiography, one way or another related to the problems of world history and macro historical research. The article researches author's reflection about the history as another science, the «methodological nihilism» of part of practicing historians, the correlation of micro and macro approaches in studying the past, the Big History as a Macro-casus, the usefulness of the subjunctive mood in history, the process of globalization and global history, the predictive function of history.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ СПОСОБАХ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ “ИЕРАРХИЙ РАВНЫХ” В ПЕРИОД “ВТОРОГО СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ”
Authors: Шелина Е.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается процесс формализации отношений «первенства» в период «второго Средневековья». В этот период носители одинаковых позиций, между которыми прежде подчеркивались отношения равенства, начали с усердием выстраивать отношения неравенства между собой. Сначала мы рассматриваем те принципы организации групп элит, которые позволяли подчеркнуть равенство или неравенство внутри этих групп. Затем мы останавливаемся на некоторых региональных особенностях построения «иерархий равных» в среде европейских элит.

This article is focused on the continuing formalization of relations of pre-eminence during the Second Middle Ages (12th–16th cc.). At that time, the holders of the same power positions, which in Christendom had been considered equal for centuries, began to actively construct and formalize relations of inequality among themselves. Firstly, the study inquiries into the main principles of ordering people that underlined either equality or inequality. Secondly, we examine certain regional specificities of constructing the orders of pre-eminence.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ЛЖЕНАУКАКАК ФЕНОМЕН СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МЕДИАСФЕРЫ
Authors: Артамонов Д.С. , Тихонова С.В.
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена взаимодействию научного и лженаучного исторического знания в медисфере. Методология исследования представлена совмещением языка истории идей и социального конструктивизма на основе терминологического аппарата теории коммуникации. Рассматривая историческое научное знание как элемент печатной медиасферы, авторы исследуют его особенности, приводящие к появлению знания лженаучного, а также устанавливают электронно-медийный характер манипулятивных приемов лженауки. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что, хотя мифологизирующий потенциал лженауки очень высок, ее роль в формировании исторической памяти остается вторичной по отношению к науке – до тех пор, пока последняя в состоянии обеспечивать общество «надежным» прошлым благодаря качественным историческим исследованиям.

The article deals with the interaction between scientific and pseudo-scientific historical knowledge in media sphere. Research methodology is based on the combination of the language of the history of ideas and that of social constructivism, together with the terminology of communication theory. The authors interpret the historical and scientific knowledge as an element of the printed media sphere, explore its features, leading to the appearance of pseudo-scientific knowledge and determine electronic nature of the pseudoscience media manipulative techniques. The authors discuss the impact of science and pseudo-science to historical memory. As a result, they come to the conclusion that a powerful mythologizers potential of the pseudoscience does not mean the primacy of its role in shaping of the historical memory. In this process the pseudoscience is secondary to the science, while science efficiently conducts research and produces reliable past for society.
КОНТРФАКТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОШЛОГОВ ОБЫДЕННОМ ПОЗНАНИИ: УРОКИ ДЛЯ УЧЕНОГО
Authors: Нехамкин А.Н. , Нехамкин В.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности контрфактического моделирования прошлого применительно к обыденному познанию. Выявляются идеи, лежащие в основе выдвижения альтернативных исторических гипотез и создания описаний потенциального прошлого. Намечаются перспективы совершенствования данной методологии.

This article discusses the features of counterfactual modeling of the past in relation to everyday knowledge. The ideas underlying the nomination of alternative historical hypotheses and the creation of descriptions of the potential past are revealed.
НАПОЛЕОНОВСКИЕ ВОЙНЫ И ПЕРВАЯ МИРОВАЯ ВОЙНАВ ПОЛИТИКЕ ПАМЯТИ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ НАРОДОВразмышления российских и зарубежных историков
Authors: Поршнева О.С.
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена анализу проблематики докладов, представленных на международном научном семинаре, рассмотрению ключевых аспектов размышлений участников дискуссии. В центре внимания – оценки и выводы ведущих специалистов, характеризующие механизмы формирования исторической политики и исторической памяти о наполеоновских войнах и Первой мировой войне.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems presented at the international seminar, to the consideration of key aspects of the reflections of the participants in the discussion. The focus is on the assessments and conclusions of leading experts, characterizing the mechanisms of formation of historical politics and historical memory of the Napoleonic wars and the First World War.
«МЮНХЕН – 38. НА ПОРОГЕ КАТАСТРОФЫ»
Authors: Экштут С.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассказывается об историко-документальной выставке, которая открылась в Выставочном зале федеральных государственных архивов. Предыстория заключения Мюнхенского соглашения 1938 года предстает под необычным ракурсом – как противостояние разведок СССР, Германии и Польши.

The article evaluates a historical documentary exhibition, which opened in the Exhibition Hall of the Federal State Archives. The preparation for the Munich Agreement of 1938 is shown under an unusual angle: as the opposition of the intelligence services of the USSR, Germany and Poland.
КРАСНОРЕЧИЕ МАКРОКОСМА И ГРАММАТИКА ВЕНЕРЫ
Authors: Иванова Ю.В.
Published: December 2024

Рец. на кн.: Шартрская школа. Гильом Коншский. Философия. Теодорих Шартрский. Трактат о шести днях творения. Бернард Сильвестр. Космография. Астролог. Комментарий на первые шесть книг «Энеиды». Алан Лилльский. Плач Природы / Изд. подг. О.С. Воскобойников, пер. и комм.: О.С. Воскобойников, Р.Л. Шмараков, П.В. Соколов, Отв. ред. М.Ю. Реутин. М.: Наука, 2018.

This article deals with the first Russian translation of major prosimetric opera and prosaic exegetical texts originated from the so-called “school of Chartres”. A special attention is paid to the place of this edition in Russian and Western historiography of the 12th century philosophy and Medieval Latin exegesis. It has been shown that the way of selecting the texts for the translation and the method of commenting them carried out by the editors of the anthology make it possible to withdraw the Chartres school from the “no man’s land” between the history of ideas and traditional history of philosophy, restoring its appropriate status in the history of the European intellectual culture – at the intersection of theology, Platonic natural philosophy and poetry.
«СТРАННОЕ ОБАЯНИЕ ТРАГЕДИИ» Размышления о книге В.В. Тихонова «Идеологические кампании “позднего сталинизма” и советская историческая наука»
Authors: Метель О.В.
Published: December 2024

Рецензия посвящена монографии В.В. Тихонова, в которой рассматривается влияние на историографию идеологических кампаний второй половины 1940-х – начала 1950-х гг. Рецензент делает замечания относительно структуры работы, принципов отбора и изложения материала, методологических принципов автора.

The review is devoted to a monograph by V.V. Tikhonov which considered the impact on historiography of the ideological campaigns of the second half of the 1940s – early 1950s. The reviewer comments on the structure of the work, the principles of selection and presentation of the material, the methodological principles of the author.
БИОЭТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ БИОЭТИКИВ КОНТЕКСТЕ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ДИНАМИКИ ОБЩЕСТВАКРУГЛЫЙ СТОЛ
Authors: Петрова М.С.
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируются доклады, прочитанные и обсужденные на Круглом столе по проблемам биоэтики 2 октября 2018 г., на кафедре философии и истории медицины Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет).

The author analyses papers presented and discussed at the Problems of Bioethics Workshop, which took place on 2 October 2018, at the department of philosophy and history of medicine of the First State Medical University (the Sechenov University).
Abstracts of the Second International Congress on Energy and Industrial Processes Engineering: Volume 2
Authors: Bertouche Sadjia , Mellal Mounir , Sabba Nassila
Published: December 2024

This book presents Volume 2 of the extended abstracts from the selected contributions to the Second International Congress on Energy and Industrial Processes Engineering (ICEIPE’24), held on 14-16 May 2024 by the University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria. ICEIPE'24 serves as a catalyst for innovation and collaboration, accelerating advancements in sustainable energy, industrial processes, and resource management.
Exploring Extracellular Vesicles Nanocapsules in Hydrogel Delivery for Canine Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Dutra Juliana da Matta Furniel , Dantas Fabio Moyses Lins , Winck Caroline Pinho , Alberto Anael Viana Pinto , Way Debora Vieira , Motta Adriana Cristina , Oliveira Elba dos Santos de , Nápole Maria Lucila d’Ottaviano , Silveira Juliano C da , Lo Turco Edson Guimarães
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of nanoencapsulated extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating atopic dermatitis. It seeks to determine the efficacy of these EV in modulating cytokine responses, specifically targeting IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL13, and IL-31, which are crucial in the pathophysiology of cutaneous inflammatory disorders. Materials and Methods: MSCs were cultured from adipose tissue and induced to produce EVs. They were then isolated through ultracentrifugation, characterized for particle size and morphology, and encapsulated within calcium alginate nanogels. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in vitro using human keratinocyte cultures primed with IFN-gamma and treated with both free and nanoencapsulated EV. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed through RTq-PCR and protein ELISA Multiplex (Luminex®). Results: The study found that both free and nanoencapsulated EV significantly reduced the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-31 in IFN-gamma primed keratinocytes. Nanoencapsulation with alginate notably enhanced the delivery efficiency, targeted release, and stability of the EV, leading to a more pronounced reduction in cytokine expression compared to free EV. Conclusion: Nanoencapsulated EV derived from canine MSCs demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory potential, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory conditions. This approach not only preserves the bioactivity of EV but also improves their therapeutic applicability through enhanced delivery and stability. The findings underscore the potential of nanoencapsulation technology in advancing novel therapeutic strategies across human and veterinary medicine, highlighting the importance of cross-disciplinary research in developing effective healthcare solutions.