bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Singularidade e Socialização: a sexualidade na antropologia de Rousseau
Authors: Ferreira Junior Paulo
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o papel da sexualidade na antropologia de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Para tanto, tomaremos como fonte principal o Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens, mas faremos três pequenas referências em outros textos para aprofundar alguns detalhes. No Fragmento da influência dos climas sobre a civilização, analisaremos o caráter ambivalente da necessidade sexual, no capítulo IX do Ensaio sobre a origem das línguas, analisaremos a questão do incesto, e no Emílio, analisaremos a questão do pudor. Com base nesses textos, podemos afirmar que a sexualidade confere singularidade ao selvagem e desempenha um papel importante no processo de socialização da espécie humana.
Editorial
Authors: Ramos Silvana De Souza
Published: December 2019

A obra do filósofo francês Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989) tem despertado interesse nos últimosanos, especialmente por conta de sua contribuição ao estudo e à reflexão sobre a individuação em seusdiferentes níveis, desde o físico até o psicossocial. Essa investigação, a qual redunda na proposta de umafilosofia compreendida como ontogênese, abarca contribuições originais para a epistemologia, a estética,a concepção da técnica, da espiritualidade, e mesmo para a reflexão sobre a ética ou sobre os limites daontologia. Esse escopo faz dessa filosofia um campo fecundo para a discussão de problemas contemporâneosuma vez que ela fornece uma chave de reflexão ainda pouco explorada: a ideia de que o indivíduo não éponto de partida da experiência, tampouco do conhecimento, de modo que nosso olhar deve se voltarpara a gênese da individuação.O presente dossiê oferece um conjunto de artigos dedicados à exploraçãodessa proposta. Nele, o leitor encontra uma apresentação do projeto intelectual de Simondon, além deanálises detalhadas do alcance político, da concepção de ciência e de espiritualidade, da compreensão davida e do cérebro, além de estudos sobre o papel da ética no interior do pensamento do filósofo. A maioriados artigos foi apresentada no “Colóquio Internacional Gilbert Simondon: os sentidos da individuação”,realizado entre os dias 5 e 7 de dezembro, no Departamento de Filosofia da Universidade de São Paulo.
Sobrecarga de familiares cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos: relação com a resiliência
Authors: Porto Luis Fernando De Abreu , Bandeira Marina , Oliveira Marcos
Published: December 2019

Com a desinstitucionalização psiquiátrica, o cuidado cotidiano dos pacientes ficou a cargo dos familiares, resultando em sentimento de sobrecarga. O modelo teórico da sobrecarga prediz que ela poderia ser diminuída por fatores moduladores, como a resiliência, definida como a habilidade para enfrentar adversidades, ajustando-se de forma positiva. Este estudo investigou a relação entre o nível de resiliência e o grau de sobrecarga destes cuidadores. Foram entrevistados 76 familiares de pacientes atendidos em três serviços de saúde mental de duas cidades de Minas Gerais. Foram obtidas correlações significativas entre o nível de resiliência e dois domínios da sobrecarga (assistência na vida cotidiana e supervisão dos comportamentos problemáticos), mas não em relação às preocupações com o paciente, ou o escore global de sobrecarga. Foram identificados os principais fatores associados à sobrecarga, características dos pacientes e dos familiares. Conclui-se pela necessidade de intervenções psicoeducativas dos serviços de saúde mental junto a estes cuidadores.
O programa sênior da UFPR e o significado do trabalho para aposentados
Authors: Mengatto Angela Pereira de Farias , Camargo Denise De
Published: December 2019

O estudo teve por objetivo compreender o significado do trabalho para os servidores aposentados integrantes do Programa Bolsa Técnicos Sênior da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e inserida no paradigma interpretativo que utiliza a entrevista para coleta das informações. Para análise e interpretação dos dados, foi utilizada a metodologia dos Núcleos de Significação, proposta por Aguiar, Soares e Machado (2015). Participaram da pesquisa 12 servidores aposentados, sendo 8 mulheres e 4 homens, na faixa etária entre 59 a 73 anos, que atuam no programa entre 2 a 21 anos. Os resultados indicaram que o trabalho para os bolsistas é bastante significativo, relevante e valorizado. Os principais motivos para voltar a trabalho foram: gostar de trabalhar e manter-se ativo, sendo o financeiro o menos relevante. Em relação ao Programa foram identificados aspectos favoráveis e desfavoráveis. No entanto, de uma maneira geral o Programa evidenciou ser bastante positivo para o grupo pesquisado, colaborando para permanecerem dinâmicos, produtivos, participantes da vida social e intergeracional, e contribuindo para manter a qualidade de vida no processo de envelhecimento.
Evaluating Children’s Websites in Arabic language
Authors: Gahwaji Nahla M.
Published: December 2019

The Internet is one of the most successful means of providing a rich learning environment, and children are among the most affected by that interactive atmosphere. The research adopted a descriptive approach using an evaluation card in a checklist form to evaluate general, educational content, and technical elements of Arabic- language children’s websites. The evaluation card included (17) domains and (127) items examining (20) Arabic websites for children representing the research sample. In terms of general elements, the research findings confirmed that accessibility and ease of use received the highest rating (93.33%), while continuous timeliness was the lowest (21.25%). In the elements of educational content, the written text was the highest (91.11%), while the interactivity was only (30.77%), and finally the technical elements, the written text at the highest ratings (93%), compared to video, animation and sound at the lowest rating (60.83%). Regarding the availability of key domains in the websites, technical elements received the highest percentage (71%), followed by general elements (62.58%), and the educational content elements were last (53.93%). The research main recommendations involved designing Arabic websites for children with their interests and developmental needs as well as benefiting from websites in the international settings, by avoiding the shortcomings and weaknesses revealed in the research results.
Theoretical and Numerical Aspects of a Third-order Three-point Nonhomogeneous Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Martinez André L. M. , Ferreira Marcelo R. A. , Castelani Emerson V.
Published: December 2019

In this paper we are considering a third-order three-point equation with nonhomogeneous conditions in the boundary. Using Krasnoselskii's Theorem and Leray-Schauder Alternative we provide existence results of positive solutions for this problem. Nontrivials examples are given and a numerical method is introduced.
Scaling Symmetries and Conservation Laws for Variable-coefficients Nonlinear Dispersive Equations
Authors: Silva Érica M. , Souza Wescley L.
Published: December 2019

Scaling symmetries arise in different branches of physics, and symmetry-based approaches are powerful tools for studying scaling-invariant models since they can provide conservation laws that are not obvious by inspection. In this framework, the class of variable-coefficients nonlinear dispersive equations vc$K(m,n)$, which contains several important evolution equations modeling nonlinear phenomena, is considered. For some of its scaling-invariant subclasses, we study its nonlinear self-adjointness and construct eight new local conservation laws associated with scaling symmetries by using a general theorem on conservation laws and the multipliers method. The property of scale invariance of those equations led to five conservation laws with a direct physical interpretation: energy, center of mass, and mass are the conserved quantities obtained in some cases.
A Construction of Rotated Lattices via Totally Real Subfields of the Cyclotomic Field Q(z_p)
Authors: Andrade Antonio A. , Oliveira Everton L. , Interlando José C.
Published: December 2019

The theory of lattices have shown to be useful in information theory and rotated lattices with high modulations diversity have been extensively studied as an alternative approach for transmission over a Rayleigh-fading channel, where the performance of this modulation schemes essentially depends of the modulation diversity and of the minimum product distance to achieve substantial coding gains. The maximum diversity of a rotated lattice is guaranteed when we use totally real number fields and the minimum product distance is optimized by considering fields with minimum discriminant. In this paper, we present a construction of rotated lattice for the Rayleigh fading channel in Euclidean spaces with full diversity, where this construction is through a totally real subfield K of the cyclotomic field Q(z_p), where p is an odd prime, obtained by endowing their ring of integers.
State higher vocational school libraries – an attempt at characterization
on the basis of questionnaire survey
Authors: Pojedyniec Jan
Published: December 2019

Introduction: At present there are 36 state higher vocational schools in Poland. Each of them hosts a library, which is an indispensable element of the process of higher education. Aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to outline a characteristics of the academic libraries which have been functioning since the beginnings of state higher vocational schools in Poland.Material and methods: The basic method used was an analysis of a survey of 20 libraries that had responded to the survey (out of the 36 existing ones). The questionnaire contained both closed and open questions. The study included several self-chosen library activity areas and a few selected functionality indicators. Results: Most of the libraries surveyed share space with other university units. The prevailing use area is up to 100 thousand m2, with the storage area being up to 100 thousand volumes. All the libraries provide free access to shelves; 12 of them run science information centres. Using Internet home pages with a view to communicating with a reader is still not common. Formally, 13 libraries have created special departments , but none has had heads of the departments appointed. Only 3 libraries have had deputy directors appointed. A functionality indicator comparison has demonstrated that state higher vocational school libraries are very close to public university libraries; when compared to private university libraries, however, their results are very often higher.Conclusions: State higher vocational school libraries form a specific network of university libraries and fulfil similar tasks at the same time and at the same level as most academic libraries in Poland. Their specifics is indicated by less extensive organizational structure, smaller use and storage areas as well as non-autonomous budget implemented from the central level of a university
Contribution to the participation of military structures in the fight against terrorism
Authors: Neag Mihai Marcel , Barsan Ghita , Mosteanu Danut , Ionita Dorin
Published: December 2019

Terrorism is, through the violence that characterizes it, one of the most serious threats to global order and civilization, making the security of the individual and society more fragile domestically and internationally. The fight against terrorism involves challenges for military forces targeting issues of legitimacy and legality in relation to the population of the area of operations and to the persons involved or supporting terrorist acts, responsibility for the principles of democracy, human dignity and fundamental human rights. The issue of participation of military structures in the fight against terrorism is not something new. What is new, however, is the prospect of conscious and mature approach to risks and threats which military forces face in the conflicts they are engaged in.
Niezawodność obiektów budowlanych. Rola projektu budowlanego
Authors: Rawska Anna , Tylek Izabela , Kuchta Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

Niezawodność obiektów budowlanych. W artykule podano wymagania dotyczące zawartości projektu budowlanego w kontekście zapewnienia niezawodności obiektów budowlanych. Wskazano, jakie skutki może wywołać wprowadzanie istotnych i nieistotnych zmian bez zgody projektanta. Podano konsekwencje działań niezgodnych z przepisami prawa i podano przykład takich działań.
Renaissance of Russian high-power artillery
Authors: Depczynski Marek
Published: December 2019

The article aims to find answers to questions about the process of forming the high-power Russian artillery. The conclusions from the analysis of the development process of the Russian artillery included in the work may justify the statement that at the threshold of the 21st century, the return to the high-power artillery may be a harbinger of changes in the Russian approach to ways of performing tasks as part of groupings fighting in depth.
Simulation and analysis of the failure of the methanol storage base in bio-refineries
Authors: Krawczyszyn Paulina , Ksiadzyna Krzysztof , Smal Tomasz
Published: December 2019

The work includes examination of emergency events in the methanol storage base. The article presents physical effects and hazards that may arise as a result of uncontrolled emission of methanol to the environment.
Contemporary conditions of organization and functioning of the Command and Control System of the Polish Armed Forces
Authors: Strzoda Marek , Szkoluda Dariusz
Published: December 2019

The Command and Control System of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland constitutes an essential element of the State Defense System. Its primary function is to enable decision-makers and commanders at all levels to make decisions and to create systems of actions that, in the course of the operation, achieve strategic, operational and tactical goals. Various external factors and internal conditions influence the structure and then the functioning of this system. This system is subject to continuous evaluation and, consequently, changes that are to lead to its improvement, so that the assumed goals are achieved efficiently and effectively.
The article discusses three groups of conditions directly, and with certain factors indirectly, affecting the organization of the command and control system as well as its functioning. The first one concerns the change in the nature of modern security threats. With regard to the short characterization of hybrid activities, subliminal actions, and asymmetric threats, it was indicated how they determine the requirements regarding the organization and functioning of the Armed Forces Command and Command System adequate to such situations. The findings of the 2016 Strategic Defense Review and its result document – the Defense Concept of the Republic of Poland constitute the second group of factors. In the consequence of strategic analysis, the conclusions and recommendations included in the Concept should be taken into account when introducing changes to the command and control system. In the last part, it was pointed out how the decision to establish the Territorial Defense Forces (WOT) and the organizational assumptions resulting from it concerning their structure, tasks, and rules of operation influenced the changes in the Command and control System of the Polish Armed Forces.
The conditions presented in particular parts of the study should be considered during the forecasted and partially implemented organizational and functional improvements to the Polish Armed Forces Command and control System.
Perceived Consumer Value of Omni-Channel Service Attributes in Japan and Korea
Authors: Kim Renee B. , Matsui Takeshi , Park Y.J. , Okutani Takashi
Published: December 2019

Digitization of retail platform and integration of various retail channel is coupled with rapid change in consumer shopping behavior and their expectation for retail experience. Consumers expect retailers to be able to provide seamless, consistent and personalized service in which they also have enriched retail experience (Picot Coupey et al., 2016). Omni-channel retailing has emerged to provide integrated retail service of various channels which enable consumers to use various channels and touch points synergistically. In this study, we investigated the effect of perceived value of attributes of the OC service on consumers’ decision process for omni-channel usage in Japan and Korea. The AHP method is applied to assess hierarchical process of consumers’ decision making in using omni-channel service. In the AHP framework, consumers’ decision making is structured hierarchically, and framed to have three levels of process in which consumers make decision on omni-channel usage based on three constructs: ‘Customer Value (CV), ‘Touch Point (TP)’ and ‘Payment System (PS)’. The AHP survey was administered to individual shoppers in Japan and Korea, and 240 respondents and 229 respondents answered the AHP survey in Korea and Japan, respectively. Findings reveal that ‘Customer Value (CV)’ is perceived to be more important than ‘Touch Points (TP)’ and the ‘Payment System (PS)’, affecting consumers’ decision for using the omni-channel service. Furthermore, consumers in two countries show different preferences for specific aspects of the CV attributes. The authors also discuss the methodological and managerial implications of the findings.
Automated Storage & Retrieval System
Authors: Kovalcik Justin , Villalobos Mike
Published: December 2019

The California State University, Northridge (CSUN) Oviatt Library was the first library in the world to integrate an automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) into its operations. The AS/RS continues to provide efficient space management for the library. However, added value has been identified in materials security and inventory as well as customer service. The concept of library as space, paired with improved services and efficiencies, has resulted in the AS/RS becoming a critical component of library operations and future strategy. Staffing, service, and security opportunities paired with support and maintenance challenges, enable the library to provide a unique critique and assessment of an AS/RS.
RF Dataset of Incumbent Radar Signals in the 3.5GHz CBRS Band
Authors: Caromi Raied , Souryal Michael , Hall Timothy A.
Published: December 2019

This Radio Frequency (RF) dataset consists of synthetically generated waveforms of incumbent 3.5GHz radar systems. The intended use of the dataset is for developing and evaluating detectors for the 3.5GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) \cite{cbrs} or similar bands where the primary users of the band are Federal radar systems. The dataset can be used for developing and testing radar detection algorithms using machine learning/deep learning techniques. The algorithm aims to detect whether the radar signal is present or absent regardless of the signal type. The target signals have a variety of modulation types and parameters chosen from wide ranges. In addition, the start time and the center frequency of the radar signals are randomized in the waveform. The variety of signals and their random parameters makes the detection problem more challenging when using non-naive (e.g., energy detector is a naive signal detector) classical signal processing techniques.
Instruktion av hantverkstekniker i slöjden
Authors: Andersson Joakim
Published: December 2019

Utgångspunkt i denna artikel är två slöjdlärares kommunikation med sina elever i årskurs 6 i den svenska grundskolans slöjdundervisning. Som metod för att dokumentera användandet av olika kommunikationsformer och kommunikativa resurser används videoinspelade klassrums­observationer samt stimulated recall. Slöjdämnet är ett kommunikativt ämne på flera sätt, dels genom möjligheten till både verbala- och icke verbala instruktioner och observationer av andras görande, dels genom användandet av material och den utrustning som finns tillgänglig i salen. Fokus i analysarbetet är slöjdlärarens olika val av kommunikationsform och kommunikativa resurs vid en instruktion. Studien belyser slöjdlärarens möjligheter att skapa förståelser genom ett didaktiskt medvetet val av kommunikationsform och kommunikativ resurs i instruktionens olika delar.
Why do we transition from walking to running? Energy cost and lower leg muscle activity before and after gait transition under body weight support
Authors: Abe Daijiro , Fukuoka Yoshiyuki , Horiuchi Masahiro
Published: December 2019

Background

Minimization of the energetic cost of transport (CoT) has been suggested for the walk-run transition in human locomotion. More recent literature argues that lower leg muscle activities are the potential triggers of the walk-run transition. We examined both metabolic and muscular aspects for explaining walk-run transition under body weight support (BWS; supported 30% of body weight) and normal walking (NW), because the BWS can reduce both leg muscle activity and metabolic rate.

Methods

Thirteen healthy young males participated in this study. The energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS) was determined as the intersection between linear CoT and speed relationship in running and quadratic CoT-speed relationship in walking under BWS and NW conditions. Preferred transition speed (PTS) was determined during constant acceleration protocol (velocity ramp protocol at 0.00463 m·s−2= 1 km·h−1per min) starting from 1.11 m·s−1. Muscle activities and mean power frequency (MPF) were measured using electromyography of the primary ankle dorsiflexor (tibialis anterior; TA) and synergetic plantar flexors (calf muscles includingsoleus) before and after the walk-run transition.

Results

The EOTS was significantly faster than the PTS under both conditions, and both were faster under BWS than in NW. In both conditions, MPF decreased after the walk-run transition in the dorsiflexor and the combined plantar flexor activities, especially thesoleus.

Discussion

The walk-run transition is not triggered solely by the minimization of whole-body energy expenditure. Walk-run transition is associated with reduced TA andsoleusactivities with evidence of greater slow twitch fiber recruitment, perhaps to avoid early onset of localized muscle fatigue.
Outcome of Awareness Programmes on Adoption of Soil Test for Fertilizer Management in Tiruchirappalli District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Dhanushkodi V. , Amuthaselvi G. , A. K. A. Hanif Noorjehan , Vijayalalitha S. J.
Published: December 2019

Soil testing is a chemical process by virtue of which requirement of nutrients for plant can be analyzed so as to sustain the soil fertility. The basic objective of the soil testing is to provide a service to farmers to better and more economic use of fertilizers and better soil management practices for increasing agricultural production in their farm. The present study was conducted to explore the outcome of awareness programmes on adoption of soil testing conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Tiruchirappalli and its recommendations by the farmers from 2012-2017 in Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu. Primary data was collected in relation to awareness programmes conducted and number of soil samples analysed in laboratory to look at the farmers adopted soil testing and its recommendations.  The data revealed that under the awareness programmes conducted by the KVK were 52, 46, 47, 48 and 45 and during 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17. Adoption of soils testing were 220, 190, 535, 603 and 695,  farmers benefitted were 120, 105, 300, 393 and 411 and villages covered were 32, 25, 25, 115,108 during 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 respectively.  A critical examination reveals that the trend in adoption of soil testing was increased in all the years. In the study it was found that awareness programmes on soil test and fertilizer management has the positive influence in adoption of soil test and fertilizer management and it was concluded that the technology transformation tools like training, demonstration, group meeting, exhibition, farmers day, awareness campaign, and social media like News paper, Tele vision and radio programmes etc., are effective to enhance the farmer’s knowledge, skill and attitude.
Throughput Analysis on a Multi-state Manufacturing System by Considering Availability
Authors: Salsabila Nabila Yuraisyah , Siswanto Nurhadi , Widodo Erwin , Rochmadhan Oryza Akbar
Published: December 2019

Manufacturing technology becomes more complex as customer demand increases. Most manufacturing companies consist of multi-state manufacturing networks. Therefore, the reliability and availability parameters become an important issue to satisfy customer demand. Unavailability can result in reducing throughput because of decreasing operational production time. To resolve this problem, the buffer inventory can minimize the occurrence of material starving and production blocking during the equipment downtime. This paper will focus on experimenting with buffer inventory levels and the capacity of a multi-state manufacturing network to increase the production throughput on a company that has 70,000 tons per year of capacity. However, due to the unavailability problem, the existing system capacity decreases to 62,175 tons per year. The simulation model is used to improve throughput by modeling the failure interruption and the buffer inventory logics during the production process.
Ferroelectrics
Authors: Uchino Kenji
Published: December 2019

Ferroelectrics can be utilized in various devices such as high permittivity dielectrics, ferroelectric memories, pyroelectric sensors, piezoelectric devices, electrooptic devices, and PTCR components. However, ferroelectric devices often fail to be commercialized in the cases where competitive materials exist. In the photo‐sensors, for example, semiconductive materials are superior to ferroelectrics in response speed and sensitivity. Magnetic devices and flash memories are much more popular in the memory field, and liquid crystals are typically used for optical displays. This is mainly due to a lack of systematic and comprehensive accumulation of knowledge on ferroelectricity. This article was authored to strengthen the theoretical background of ferroelectric devices, then, practical materials, and typical applications, and looks forward to the future progress in this field. The article covers (1) crystal structure and ferroelectricity, (2) origin of spontaneous polarization, (3) origin of field‐induced strain, (4) piezoelectric constitutive equations, (5) ferroelectric materials, and (6) applications of ferroelectrics. This article is primarily based on the author's textbook, “Ferroelectric Devices 2nd Edition”.
Plastic Additives
Authors: Pfaendner Rudolf
Published: December 2019

Additives are essential components of plastic formulations providing maintenance and/or modification of polymer properties, performance, and long‐term use. Additive means any ingredient which is incorporated in a polymer (or a polymer blend), which is usually the main component, to provide a plastic formulation with adjusted properties. The extension of polymer properties by additives has been playing a substantial role in the growth of plastics, and many polymer applications are only accessible in the presence of a number of ingredients, often only in small quantities, in addition to the polymer itself. As real new polymer structures of standard plastics or engineering plastics are not introduced any more, additives drive innovation in the plastics area to design properties and functions of polymers.
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its salts [BAT Value Documentation, 2011]
Authors: Rettenmeier A.W.
Published: December 2019

The article contains sections titled:
Barium Compounds, Soluble (calculated as Ba [7440‐39‐3]) [BAT Value Documentation, 2011]
Authors: Schaller K.H.
Published: December 2019

The article contains sections titled:
Specialty Tough Hydrogels and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fuchs Stephanie , Shariati Kaavian , Ma Minglin
Published: December 2019

Hydrogels have long been explored as attractive materials for biomedical applications given their outstanding biocompatibility, high water content, and versatile fabrication platforms into materials with different physiochemical properties and geometries. Nonetheless, conventional hydrogels suffer from weak mechanical properties, restricting their use in persistent load‐bearing applications often required of materials used in medical settings. Thus, the fabrication of mechanically robust hydrogels that can prolong the lifetime of clinically suitable materials under uncompromising in vivo conditions is of great interest. This review focuses on design considerations and strategies to construct such tough hydrogels. Several promising advances in the proposed use of specialty tough hydrogels for soft actuators, drug delivery vehicles, adhesives, coatings, and in tissue engineering settings are highlighted. While challenges remain before these specialty tough hydrogels will be deemed translationally acceptable for clinical applications, promising preliminary results undoubtedly spur great hope in the potential impact this embryonic research field can have on the biomedical community.
Predicting Thermal Properties of Crystals Using Machine Learning
Authors: Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Isayev Olexandr , Spencer Michelle J. S. , Winkler David A.
Published: December 2019

Calculating vibrational properties of crystals using quantum mechanical (QM) methods is a challenging problem in computational material science. This problem is solved using complementary machine learning methods that rapidly and reliably recapitulate entropy, specific heat, effective polycrystalline dielectric function, and a non‐vibrational property (band gap) for materials calculated by accurate but lengthy QM methods. The materials are described mathematically using property‐labeled materials fragment descriptors. The machine learning models predict the QM properties with root mean square errors of 0.31 meV per atom per K for entropy, 0.18 meV per atom per K for specific heat, 4.41 for the trace of the dielectric tensor, and 0.5 eV for band gap. These models are sufficiently accurate to allow rapid screening of large numbers of crystal structures to accelerate material discovery.
Mechanochemical Synthesis: A Tool to Tune Cation Site Disorder and Ionic Transport Properties of Li3MCl6 (M = Y, Er) Superionic Conductors
Authors: Schlem Roman , Muy Sokseiha , Prinz Nils , Banik Ananya , Shao‐Horn Yang , Zobel Mirijam , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: December 2019

The lithium‐conducting, rare‐earth halides, Li3MX6 (M = Y, Er; X = Cl, Br), have garnered significantly rising interest recently, as they have been reported to have oxidative stability and high ionic conductivities. However, while a multitude of materials exhibit a superionic conductivity close to 1 mS cm−1, the exact design strategies to further improve the ionic transport properties have not been established yet. Here, the influence of the employed synthesis method of mechanochemical milling, compared to subsequent crystallization routines as well as classic solid‐state syntheses on the structure and resulting transport behavior of Li3ErCl6 and Li3YCl6 are explored. Using a combination of X‐ray diffraction, pair distribution function analysis, density functional theory, and impedance spectroscopy, insights into the average and local structural features that influence the underlying transport are provided. The existence of a cation defect within the structure in which Er/Y are disordered to a new position strongly benefits the transport properties. A synthetically tuned, increasing degree of this disordering leads to a decreasing activation energy and increasing ionic conductivity. This work sheds light on the possible synthesis strategies and helps to systematically understand and further improve the properties of this class of materials.
Sample collection for laboratory‐based study of the nasal airway and sinuses: a research compendium
Authors: Massey Conner J. , Diaz Del Valle Fernando , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Levy Joshua M. , Mueller Sarina , Levine Corrina G. , Smith Stephanie S. , Bleier Benjamin S. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R.
Published: December 2019

Background

Collection of biologic samples from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is of critical importance to the study of infectious or inflammatory conditions that affect both upper and lower airways. Numerous techniques for the study of ex‐vivo samples exist, with specific applications, strengths, and weaknesses associated with each of them. In this compendium we summarize the available methods for collection of primary human samples and incorporate expert discussion of the pros, cons, and applications associated with each technique.

Methods

An expert panel containing members of the American Rhinologic Society's Research and Grants Committee compiled this educational reference. Rationale for use and the potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Research protocols and key references are enumerated.

Results

Sampling of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses can be achieved through a number of methods. Nonspecific sinonasal secretions may be collected via forced exhalation, nasal lavage, and nasal spray aspiration. Targeted collection of sinonasal secretions may be achieved via endoscopic placement of absorbent matrices. Nasal cytology or collection of superficial epithelium may be completed via brushing or scraping of endonasal structures. Collection of mucosal biopsies may be completed via sinonasal explant or full‐thickness biopsy.

Conclusion

Multiple sampling techniques are available to collect biologic samples from the sinonasal cavity. These techniques differ in their ease of application, reproducibility, sample yield, and utility for different sinonasal pathologies or research goals. An appreciation of the benefits and drawbacks of each approach will allow investigators to select the techniques most appropriate for achieving research objectives.
Chemical Synthesis of Native S‐Palmitoylated Membrane Proteins through Removable‐Backbone‐Modification‐Assisted Ser/Thr Ligation
Authors: Huang Dong‐Liang , Montigny Cédric , Zheng Yong , Beswick Veronica , Li Ying , Cao Xiu‐Xiu , Barbot Thomas , Jaxel Christine , Liang Jun , Xue Min , Tian Chang‐Lin , Jamin Nadège , Zheng Ji‐Shen
Published: December 2019

The preparation of native S‐palmitoylated (S‐palm) membrane proteins is one of the unsolved challenges in chemical protein synthesis. Herein, we report the first chemical synthesis of S‐palm membrane proteins by removable‐backbone‐modification‐assisted Ser/Thr ligation (RBMGABA‐assisted STL). This method involves two critical steps: 1) synthesis of S‐palm peptides by a new γ‐aminobutyric acid based RBM (RBMGABA) strategy, and 2) ligation of the S‐palm RBM‐modified peptides to give the desired S‐palm product by the STL method. The utility of the RBMGABA‐assisted STL method was demonstrated by the synthesis of rabbit S‐palm sarcolipin (SLN) and S‐palm matrix‐2 (M2) ion channel. The synthesis of S‐palm membrane proteins highlights the importance of developing non‐NCL methods for chemical protein synthesis.
A Cofactor‐Substrate‐Based Supramolecular Fluorescent Probe for the Ultrafast Detection of Nitroreductase under Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Jiao Yang , Zhang Lei , Gao Xu , Si Wen , Duan Chunying
Published: December 2019

Identifying the location and expression levels of enzymes under hypoxic conditions in cancer cells is vital in early‐stage cancer diagnosis and monitoring. By encapsulating a fluorescent substrate,L‐NO2, within the NADH mimic‐containing metal–organic capsule Zn‐MPB, we developed a cofactor‐substrate‐based supramolecular luminescent probe for ultrafast detection of hypoxia‐related enzymes in solution in vitro and in vivo. The host–guest structure fuses the coenzyme and substrate into one supramolecular probe to avoid control by NADH, switching the catalytic process of nitroreductase from a double‐substrate mechanism to a single‐substrate one. This probe promotes enzyme efficiency by altering the substrate catalytic process and enhances the electron transfer efficiency through an intra‐molecular pathway with increased activity. The enzyme content and fluorescence intensity showed a linear relationship and equilibrium was obtained in seconds, showing potential for early tumor diagnosis, biomimetic catalysis, and prodrug activation.
Guanine‐Stabilized Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Hong Li , Milić Jovana V. , Ahlawat Paramvir , Mladenović Marko , Kubicki Dominik J. , Jahanabkhshi Farzaneh , Ren Dan , Gélvez‐Rueda María C. , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Ummadisingu Amita , Liu Yuhang , Tian Chengbo , Pan Linfeng , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Hagfeldt Anders , Grozema Ferdinand C. , Rothlisberger Ursula , Emsley Lyndon , Han Hongwei , Graetzel Michael
Published: December 2019

Formamidinium (FA) lead iodide perovskite materials feature promising photovoltaic performances and superior thermal stabilities. However, conversion of the perovskite α‐FAPbI3 phase to the thermodynamically stable yet photovoltaically inactive δ‐FAPbI3 phase compromises the photovoltaic performance. A strategy is presented to address this challenge by using low‐dimensional hybrid perovskite materials comprising guaninium (G) organic spacer layers that act as stabilizers of the three‐dimensional α‐FAPbI3 phase. The underlying mode of interaction at the atomic level is unraveled by means of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, transmission electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and DFT calculations. Low‐dimensional‐phase‐containing hybrid FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells are obtained with improved performance and enhanced long‐term stability.
Synergy effects in dielectric and thermal properties of layered ethylene vinyl acetate composites with carbon and Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Bertasius Povilas , Macutkevic Jan , Banys Juras , Gaidukovs Sergejs , Barkane Anda , Vaivodiss Romans
Published: December 2019

Properties of layered composites with carbon nanotube (CNT), GnP, Fe3O4 nanoinclusions, and hybrid composites with these nanoinclusions were investigated in the wide frequency range (from 20 Hz to 2 THz). All investigated composites (except with single Fe3O4 inclusions) are above percolation threshold. The strong enhancement of microwave and terahertz radiation absorption is observed in hybrid composites in comparison with composites with single inclusions. The synergy effect is discussed in terms of the complex impedance and the distribution of relaxation times. At low temperatures (below 200 K), the electrical conductivity of all hybrid composites follows the tunneling law model and the lowest potential barrier was estimated for composites with CNT inclusions. The best thermal properties are observed for composites with CNT inclusions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48814.
Geometric scaling applied to lepton–ion collisions
Authors: Ben Felipe G. , Machado Magno V. T. , Sauter Werner K.
Published: December 2019

In this article, we discuss a scaling function for the cross section in deeply virtual compton scattering (DVCS) and exclusive vector meson production in both γ*p and γ*A processes. Our description relies on the geometric scaling phenomenon in which cross sections are a function of a single variable , where Q2 is the photon virtuality and represents the saturation scale that drives the energy dependence and nuclear effects. We make a prediction to be tested in future electron–ion colliders.
The influence of magnetic field geometry in neutron stars' crustal oscillations
Authors: de Souza Gibran H. , Kemp Ernesto
Published: December 2019

In this work, we have studied oscillations in the crust of a neutron star whose magnetic field has both dipolar and toroidal components; the former extends from the stellar interior to the outer space, and the latter is confined inside the star radius. Our study is based on the solutions we have obtained for perturbations in the star fluid, confined to the crust thickness. Our results are compared to the frequencies observed in the soft gamma repeaters signals.
Eu3+–Eu2+‐doped xAl2O3–ySiO2 and xAl2O3–zMgO composites phosphors
Authors: Guo Qihuang , Wu YuHeng , Wu Yuansheng , Yu Lixin , Gao Zhenyu , Zhong Jianlin , Zou Yingxuan
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the Eu3+–Eu2+ (4%, molar ratio)‐doped xAl2O3–ySiO2 (x = 0–2.5, y = 1–5) and xAl2O3–zMgO (x = 0–1.5, z = 0–3) composites phosphors with different Al2O3 to SiO2 (A/S) and Al2O3 to MgO (A/M) ratios were prepared using a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction under air atmosphere. The effects of the A/S and A/M on luminescence properties, crystal structure, electron spin resonance, and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of the samples were systematically analyzed. These results indicated that the different A/S and A/M ratios in the matrix effectively affected the crystal phase, degrees of self‐reduction of Eu3+, and led the relative emission intensity of Eu2+/Eu3+ to change and adjust.
When an institution sues: Initiating claims requires forethought, strategy
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: December 2019

The impact of opioid addiction has widespread economic and social costs, which has prompted a number of public agencies to challenge drug manufacturers and distributors for their role. Recently, the State of Oklahoma sued Purdue Pharma, which resulted in a settlement of $270 million, much of which, according to various media reports, will go to Oklahoma State University. Louisiana State University's board of supervisors recently paved the way for LSU to join a Louisiana opioid lawsuit.
Control of Homocoupling Versus Reduction in Titanium(III)‐Mediated Radical Opening of Styrene Oxides
Authors: González‐Delgado José A. , Arteaga Jesús F.
Published: December 2019

We describe the use of titanocene monochloride in the implementation of an experimental procedure that enables control of the homolytic opening of styrene oxides in a chemoselectively controlled manner. This leads either to homocoupling products or to phenethyl alcohol derivatives. The process occurs via the generation of benzyl radicals, which may undergo a) recombination or b) reduction, yielding benzyl‐Ti(IV) species upon subsequent addition of H2O to the corresponding hydroxylated compounds. The main goal of this work is the study of the reactivity pattern of styrene oxides towards the formation of the mentioned products, thereby adding value to this interesting building block.
Evaluation, Pitfalls and Recommendations for the “Water Layer Test” for Solid Contact Ion‐selective Electrodes
Authors: Hambly Bradley , Guzinski Marcin , Pendley Bradford , Lindner Ernő
Published: December 2019

The “water layer test” is a crucial validation step of solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes. It can confirm or contest the claim that the tested electrode is indeed a genuine solid contact electrode without an aqueous film between the ion‐selective membrane and its solid contact. Information about the presence of a water layer is essential for the interpretation of drifts in the electrode potentials commonly experienced with solid contact electrodes. Since its publication, the water layer test has been ubiquitously used, but without a standardized protocol the interpretation (or misinterpretation) of the test results led to uncertainties in the conclusions. Through both experiments and simulations based on theoretical models we have investigated the experimental parameters that can influence the results of the water layer test. We propose guidelines to minimize the possibility of misinterpretation of the results of the water layer test by considering the key factors that affect the shape of transients recorded during the water layer test. Most importantly, we emphasize the importance of allowing sufficient time for conditioning the tested electrode before the water layer test and providing adequate time for equilibration during the experiment. Using a thin ion‐selective membrane and thin solid‐contact layer for the tests is also recommended.
Shear‐wave elastography of the liver in a healthy pediatric population
Authors: Yang Hanning , Sun Yue , Tang Yueyue , Lu Yongping , Hu Bing , Ying Tao
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the elastic modulus values of normal liver tissue in school‐age children by shear wave elastography (SWE) and to study the factors that influence these stiffness measurements.

Methods

Six hundred and four school‐age children (295 girls and 309 boys) who were recruited at a hospital and had normal results of specific laboratory tests and imaging studies underwent SWE examinations. The elastic modulus values were obtained in segment V and VI for each subject and comparisons were made between age groups.

Results

The mean elastic modulus values for school‐age children were 6.3 ± 1.1 kPa for segment V and 6.2 ± 1.1 kPa for segment VI. A positive linear trend in liver stiffness was found for the 6 to 9‐year‐old age group in segments V and VI (R2 = 0.076 vs R2 = 0.085, respectively, P < .05). No statistically significant difference in liver stiffness was found between genders and between segment groups (P > .05).

Conclusion

SWE is a feasible method to measure liver stiffness in the school‐age population. We established a normal range of liver elastic modulus values in school‐age children, which will provide a basis for evaluating the changes in liver stiffness caused by various diseases.
A generalization of Tuza's conjecture
Authors: Aharoni Ron , Zerbib Shira
Published: December 2019

A famous conjecture of Tuza is that the minimal number of edges needed to cover all triangles in a graph is at most twice the maximal size of a set of edge‐disjoint triangles. We propose a wider setting for this conjecture. For a hypergraph let be the maximal size of a collection of edges, no two of which share or more vertices, and let be the minimal size of a collection of sets of vertices, such that every edge in contains a set from . We conjecture that the maximal ratio is attained in hypergraphs for which . This would imply, in particular, the following generalization of Tuza's conjecture: if is 3‐uniform, then . (Tuza's conjecture is the case in which is the set of all triples of vertices of triangles in any given graph.) We show that most known results on Tuza's conjecture go over to this more general setting. We also prove some general results on the ratio , and study the fractional versions and the case of ‐partite hypergraphs.
On DP‐coloring of digraphs
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen , Bellitto Thomas , Schweser Thomas , Stiebitz Michael
Published: December 2019

DP‐coloring is a relatively new coloring concept by Dvořák and Postle and was introduced as an extension of list‐colorings of (undirected) graphs. It transforms the problem of finding a list‐coloring of a given graph with a list‐assignment to finding an independent transversal in an auxiliary graph with vertex set . In this paper, we extend the definition of DP‐colorings to digraphs using the approach from Neumann‐Lara where a coloring of a digraph is a coloring of the vertices such that the digraph does not contain any monochromatic directed cycle. Furthermore, we prove a Brooks’ type theorem regarding the DP‐chromatic number, which extends various results on the (list‐)chromatic number of digraphs.