bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wnt10b Gain-of-Function Improves Cardiac Repair by Arteriole Formation and Attenuation of Fibrosis
Authors: Paik David T. , Rai Meena , Ryzhov Sergey , Sanders Lehanna N. , Aisagbonhi Omonigho , Funke Mitchell J. , Feoktistov Igor , Hatzopoulos Antonis K.
Published: September 2015

Rationale:

Myocardial infarction causes irreversible tissue damage, leading to heart failure. We recently discovered that canonical Wnt signaling and the Wnt10b ligand are strongly induced in mouse hearts after infarction. Wnt10b regulates cell fate in various organs, but its role in the heart is unknown.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of Wnt10b gain-of-function on cardiac repair mechanisms and to assess its potential to improve ventricular function after injury.

Methods and Results:

Histological and molecular analyses showed that Wnt10b is expressed in cardiomyocytes and localized in the intercalated discs of mouse and human hearts. After coronary artery ligation or cryoinjury in mice, Wnt10b is strongly and transiently induced in peri-infarct cardiomyocytes during granulation tissue formation. To determine the effect of Wnt10b on neovascularization and fibrosis, we generated a mouse line to increase endogenous Wnt10b levels in cardiomyocytes. We found that gain of Wnt10b function orchestrated a recovery phenotype characterized by robust neovascularization of the injury zone, less myofibroblasts, reduced scar size, and improved ventricular function compared with wild-type mice. Wnt10b stimulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in endothelial cells and angiopoietin-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells through nuclear factor-κB activation. These effects coordinated endothelial growth and smooth muscle cell recruitment, promoting robust formation of large, coronary-like blood vessels.

Conclusion:

Wnt10b gain-of-function coordinates arterial formation and attenuates fibrosis in cardiac tissue after injury. Because generation of mature blood vessels is necessary for efficient perfusion, our findings could lead to novel strategies to optimize the inherent repair capacity of the heart and prevent the onset of heart failure.
Hyperglycemia and PPARγ Antagonistically Influence Macrophage Polarization and Infarct Healing After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gliem Michael , Klotz Luisa , van Rooijen Nico , Hartung Hans-Peter , Jander Sebastian
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—

Secondary intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a potentially serious complication of ischemic stroke, in particular under concomitant oral anticoagulation. Previous studies in murine stroke models defined a novel vascular repair function of hematogenous monocytes/macrophages (MO/MP), which proved essential for the prevention of oral anticoagulation–associated sICH. Here, we addressed the question whether hyperglycemia as a clinically relevant prohemorrhagic risk factor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation affect MO/MP differentiation and the risk of sICH after ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Oral anticoagulation–associated sICH was induced by phenprocoumon feeding to mice undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin treatment. The role of PPARγ-dependent MO/MP differentiation was addressed in mice with myeloid cell–specific PPARγ-knockout (LysM-PPARγ(KO)). Pharmacological PPARγ activation via pioglitazone was tested as a treatment option.

Results—

Hyperglycemic mice and normoglycemic LysM-PPARγ(KO) mice exhibited abnormal proinflammatory skewing of their hematogenous MO/MP response and abnormal vascular remodeling in the infarct border zone, leading to an increased rate of oral anticoagulation–associated sICH. Pharmacological PPAR
γ
activation in hyperglycemic mice corrected the inflammatory response toward an anti-inflammatory profile, stabilized neovessels in the infarct border zone, and reduced the rate of sICH. This preventive effect was dependent on the presence of macrophages, but independent from effects on blood glucose levels.

Conclusions—

Hyperglycemia and macrophage-specific PPARγ activation exert opposing effects on MO/MP polarization in ischemic stroke lesions and, thereby, critically determine the risk of hemorrhagic infarct transformation.
Compliment Response Behaviour on Facebook: A Study with Iranian Facebook Users
Authors: Eslami Zohreh R. , Jabbari Nasser , Kuo Li-Jen
Published: September 2015

Although the literature on compliments and compliment responses is abundant, very few studies have examined complimenting behaviour and the influence of gender on complimenting behaviour in Persian language. More scarce is the number of studies that investigated speech act behaviour of Persian speakers in cyberspace in general and in social networking sites such as Facebook in particular. This research on Iranian Facebook (FB) users’ complimenting response behaviour was carried out in order to broaden the scope of studies in pragmatics to include non-Western languages and to extend the scope of speech act studies to cyberspace. The study probed into Iranian FB users’ compliment response behaviour in same-gender and cross-gender interactions. The current research also sought to explore the extent to which compliment response behaviour on Facebook resembles its counterpart in face-to-face interactions. The findings revealed that online medium of communication and technological affordances on Facebook have brought new norms of communication into existence. The findings also suggested that some emerging sociocultural factors such as cyber-feminism might have impacted the participants’ preferences for more egalitarian patterns of language use when responding to compliments from an opposite gender. More importantly, the findings showed how marginalized groups such as women in Iran benefit from virtual spaces such as FB to assert a linguistic identity of self that is not easily possible to share publically in real life settings.
A first checklist of the lichen-forming fungi of the Venezuelan Andes

Authors: Marcano Vicente , Méndez Antonio Morales , Sipman Harrie , Calderon Lorena
Published: September 2015

Basing on an evaluation of the literature and some unpublished collections, 745 taxa of lichen forming-fungi are reported from the Venezuelan Andes, including 10 infraspecific taxa. Of these taxa 37 are new records for Venezuela: Actinoplaca vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Vezda & Poelt, Asterothyrium decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant., Calopadia foliicola (Fée) Vezda, C. fusca (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon, Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites, Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norm., Echinoplaca leucotrichoides (Vain.) R. Sant., Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vezda, F. dominicana (Vain.) Vezda, F. fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, F. sublecanorina (Nyl.) Vezda, Gyalectidium filicinum Müll. Arg., Lecidea limosa Ach., Lepraria neglecta Auct., Ochrolechia africana Vain., Peltigera vainioi Gyelnik, Phyllobathelium nigrum R. Sant. & Tibell, Phyllophiale alba R. Sant., Polymeridium albidum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris, Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée, Racodium rupestre Pers., Ramalina asahinae W. Culb. & C. Culb., R. calcarata Krog & Swinsc., R. puiggarii Müll Arg., R. rectangularis Nyl., Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt, Strigula antillarum (Fée) Müll. Arg., S. platypoda (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris, Tapellaria epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., T. nana (Fée) R. Sant., Tephromela aglaea (Sommerf.) Hertel & Rambold, Tricharia vainioi R. Sant., Trichothelium epiphyllum Müll. Arg., T. bipindense F. Schill. and Vezdaea foliicola Sérusiaux. Another 4 species are new records only for the Venezuelan Andes: Dimerella epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Malme, Porina atrocoerulea Müll. Arg., Ramalina peruviana Ach. and Woessia apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Sérus. A list of synonyms used in the consulted literature is added. Four new combinations are proposed: Dictyonema zahlbruckneri (Schiffn.) V. Marcano, Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Sipman, Parmelinopsis cleefii (Sipman) V. Marcano & Sipman and Phyllobaeis linearis (De Vries) V. Marcano & Sipman.
Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP-Expedition to Zaire and Rwanda 31. The Andean Daltonia latolimbata Broth. in Herzog in Africa

Authors: Kis Gabriella
Published: September 2015

Daltonia latolimbata Broth. described in 1916 from the Bolivian Andes occurs also in the high African mountains, consequently is an Andean-Afroalpine species.
Description of a new species and new country distribution records of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from Cambodia
Authors: LEBLANC LUC , JOSE MICHAEL SAN , RUBINOFF DANIEL
Published: September 2015

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) kohkongiae Leblanc (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), from the Koh Kong Province of Cambodia, is described as new. This species belongs to the Oriental fruit fly (B. dorsalis) complex. Genetic sequences (mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF1α and Period) are deposited in GenBank. A haplotype network, based on the COI sequences for 21 specimens, shows high genetic diversity. New country records from Cambodia are included for 22 species.
New species and records of Otiothopinae from the Southern Atlantic Rainforest, with notes on the claw tufts in Fernandezina Birabén (Araneae: Palpimanidae)
Authors: CASTRO DIOGO , BAPTISTA RENNER , GRISMADO CRISTIAN , RAMÍREZ MARTÍN
Published: September 2015

Two new species of Otiothops MacLeay, 1839 (O. atalaia sp. n. and O. goytacaz sp. n.), a new species of Fernandezina Birabén, 1951 (F. jurubatiba sp. n.) as well as the female of F. tijuca Ramírez & Grismado, 1996 are described from the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Scanning electron microscope images of the tarsi of F. jurubatiba sp. n. and F. dasilvai Platnick, Grismado & Ramírez, 1999 show that this genus has claw tufts on the posterior legs, composed of setae of variable structure.
Stephanocampta Mathot (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): descriptions of two new species and the female of S. indica Anwar & Zeya from India and a key to world taxa
Authors: PALANIVEL S. , MANICKAVASAGAM S. , TRIAPITSYN S. V.
Published: September 2015

Two new species of Stephanocampta Mathot (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), S. andamanensis sp. nov. and S. huberi sp. nov., are described from Andaman Islands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory) and Manipur, India. The previously unknown female of S. indica Anwar & Zeya is described. A revised key to the world species of Stephanocampta is provided. Stephanocampta serenellae Viggiani stat. rev. is transferred back to Camptoptera Förster, based on examination of the holotype male from Sri Lanka.
Description of a new genus for Euptychia hilara (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Authors: NAKAHARA SHINICHI , JANZEN DANIEL H. , HALLWACHS WINNIE , ESPELAND MARIANNE
Published: September 2015

Based on external morphology, food plant records for caterpillars, and molecular analysis, Euptychia hilara (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) is removed from Euptychia Hübner 1818. A new genus, Inbio Nakahara & Espeland gen. nov., is proposed for this taxon. Inbio hilara comb. nov. is a member of a monophyletic clade containing Cyllopsis Felder, 1869, Paramacera Butler, 1868, and Atlanteuptychia Freitas, Barbosa & Mielke, 2013, although it can be morphologically distinguished from these genera. Lectotypes for Neonympha hilara C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 and Euptychia anacleta Butler, 1877 (a synonym of E. hilara) are designated herein.
Climate Matters: A Comprehensive Educational Resource Program for Broadcast Meteorologists
Authors: Placky Bernadette Woods , Maibach Edward , Witte Joe , Ward Bud , Seitter Keith , Gardiner Ned , Herring David , Cullen Heidi
Published: September 2015

Local TV meteorologists are optimally positioned to educate the public about the local implications of global climate change: They have high public trust as a source of climate science information, local TV is the #1 source of weather information in America, and most weathercasters have relevant scientific training and excellent communication skills. Surveys show that most TV meteorologists would like to report on climate change, but lack of time, lack of broadcast-quality graphics, and lack of access to appropriate experts are barriers that inhibit such coverage.

With funding from the National Science Foundation and philanthropic foundations, we developed Climate Matters as an educational resources program to help interested local TV meteorologists educate their viewers about the local impacts of global climate change. Currently, the program provides more than 160 participating weathercasters nationwide with weekly localized broadcast-ready graphics and script ideas, short videos, and opportunities for brief (hour-long webinars) and more intensive (day-long seminars) professional development sessions—at no cost to participating weathercasters. We aim to more than double participation in the program over the next several years.

This article will chronicle the development of Climate Matters over the past five years—beginning with a pilot test at a single news station in Columbia, South Carolina, that was shown to be effective at helping viewers better understand climate change and culminating in a comprehensive national educational resource program that is available to all interested weathercasters.
Large-Eddy Simulations and Damped-Oscillator Models of the Unsteady Ekman Boundary Layer*
Authors: Momen Mostafa , Bou-Zeid Elie
Published: September 2015

The Ekman boundary layer (EBL) is a central problem in geophysical fluid dynamics that emerges when the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the frictional force interact in a flow. The unsteady version of the problem, which occurs when these forces are not in equilibrium, is solvable analytically only for a limited set of forcing variability regimes, and the resulting solutions are intricate and not always easy to interpret. In this paper, large-eddy simulations (LESs) of neutral atmospheric EBLs are conducted under various unsteady forcings to reveal the range of physical characteristics of the flow. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that the dynamics of the unsteady EBL can be reduced to a second-order ordinary differential equation that is very similar to the dynamical equation of a damped oscillator, such as a mass–spring–damper system. The validation of the proposed reduced model is performed by comparing its analytical solutions to LES results, revealing very good agreement. The reduced model can be solved for a wide range of variable forcing conditions, and this feature is exploited in the paper to elucidate the physical origin of the inertia (mass), energy storage (spring), and energy dissipation (damper) attributes of Ekman flows.
Hybrid quenching method of hot stamping for automotive tubular beams
Authors: Park Jong-Kyu , Kim Yang-Su , Suh Chang Hee , Kim Young-Suk
Published: September 2015

Recently, tubular-type coupled torsion beam axle, which is a component of the automotive rear suspension systems, has been developed by using ultra-high strength steel. It is manufactured by hot stamping process to enhance the strength and reduce springback. The hot stamping process is classified as a direct method and an indirect method according to forming sequence and quenching method, so-called die quenching or water quenching. Each of these methods has limitations in the aspect of dimensional accuracy and strength. Hybrid quenching is a new quenching method which sprays water to the tube directly in addition to die quenching. In this study, direct hot stamping with hybrid quenching was applied to produce an automotive tubular coupled torsion beam axle of ultra-high strength steel. This study proposes a simulation method of hybrid quenching for tubular beam and the hybrid quenching method was evaluated experimentally. Finally, the proposed hybrid quenching method has been found very effective in reducing the cooling time and thermal deformation.
Loss of the Rap1 effector RIAM results in leukocyte adhesion deficiency due to impaired β2 integrin function in mice
Authors: Klapproth Sarah , Sperandio Markus , Pinheiro Elaine M. , Prünster Monika , Soehnlein Oliver , Gertler Frank B. , Fässler Reinhard , Moser Markus
Published: September 2015

Key Points

RIAM is an essential regulator of β2 integrins on leukocytes. Leukocyte α4β1 integrin is activated in a RIAM-independent manner.
Transcriptional regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Condamine Thomas , Mastio Jérôme , Gabrilovich Dmitry I
Published: September 2015

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous group of pathologically activated immature cells that play a major role in the negative regulation of the immune response in cancer, autoimmunity, many chronic infections, and inflammatory conditions, as well as in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastases. Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells is governed by a network of transcriptional regulators that could be combined into 2 partially overlapping groups: factors promoting myelopoiesis and preventing differentiation of mature myeloid cells and factors promoting pathologic activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this review, we discuss the specific nature of these factors and their impact on myeloid-derived suppressor cell development.
High prevalence of seasonal affective disorder among persons
with severe visual impairment
Authors: Madsen Helle ⊘stergaard , Dam Henrik , Hageman Ida
Published: September 2015

Background

Light severely affects the occurrence of seasonal affective disorder
(SAD).

Aims

To compare the prevalence of SAD in persons with severe visual impairment
and persons with full sight, and in persons with severe visual impairment
with or without light perception.

Method

This cross-sectional study assessed the Global Seasonality Score (GSS)
and the prevalence of SAD among 2781 persons with visual impairment and
4099 persons with full sight using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment
Questionnaire (SPAQ).

Results

Respondents with visual impairment had significantly higher GSS and
prevalence of SAD compared with full sight controls,
P<0.001. Light perception respondents were more
vulnerable to seasonal change than both full sight and no light
perception respondents.

Conclusions

The study showed a highly significant association between visual
impairment and SPAQ-defined SAD parameters, supporting the hypothesis
that decreased retinal light input plays a role in the pathogenesis of
SAD.
Endogenous IGFBP-3 Mediates Intrinsic Apoptosis Through Modulation of Nur77 Phosphorylation and Nuclear Export
Authors: Agostini-Dreyer Allyson , Jetzt Amanda E. , Stires Hillary , Cohick Wendie S.
Published: September 2015

In nontransformed bovine mammary epithelial cells, the intrinsic apoptosis inducer anisomycin (ANS) induces IGFBP-3 expression and nuclear localization and knockdown of IGFBP-3 attenuates ANS-induced apoptosis. Others have shown in prostate cancer cells that exogenous IGFBP-3 induces apoptosis by facilitating nuclear export of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 and its binding partner, retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα). The goal of the present work was to determine whether endogenous IGFBP-3 plays a role in ANS-induced apoptosis by facilitating nuclear transport of Nur77 and/or RXRα in nontransformed cells. Knockdown of Nur77 with siRNA decreased ANS-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and -7 and their downstream target, PARP, indicating a role for Nur77 in ANS-induced apoptosis. In cells transfected with IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 associated with RXRα but not Nur77 under basal conditions, however, IGFBP-3 co-precipitated with phosphorylated forms of both proteins in ANS-treated cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and cell fractionation techniques showed that ANS induced phosphorylation and transport of Nur77 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and these effects were attenuated by knockdown of IGFBP-3. These data suggest that endogenous IGFBP-3 plays a role in intrinsic apoptosis by facilitating phosphorylation and nuclear export of Nur77 to the cytoplasm where it exerts its apoptotic effect. Whether this mechanism involves a physical association between endogenous IGFBP-3 and Nur77 or RXRα remains to be determined.
Geopolitics of Energy: Iran, Turkey, and Europe
Authors: Bahgat Gawdat
Published: September 2015

The sharp drop in oil prices since June 2014 has drastically altered the global energy landscape. This essay examines the growing energy cooperation between Iran and Turkey and the strategic and economic implications for Europe. It argues that the emerging energy partnership between Tehran and Ankara can contribute to Europe's energy security.
Turkey's Failed Policy toward the Arab Spring: Three Levels of Analysis
Authors: Kuru Ahmet T.
Published: September 2015

Why did Turkish policies toward Syria and Egypt in 2011–15 largely fail? At the individual level, the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdogan was plagued by populism in the sense that he uses foreign policy issues for the sake of domestic party politics without pursuing long-term international strategies. At the state level, Turkey's military and diplomatic capacity was not sufficient to shape the political transformations in Syria and Egypt. At the international level, Turkey could not effectively respond to the challenges of the Iranian-led and Saudi Arabian–led blocs. The former supported the regime of Bashar al-Assad and the latter backed the military coup in Egypt. Turkey needed the support of its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies against these two rival blocs. However, Erdogan's populist discourse and tendency toward Islamist authoritarianism further deteriorated Turkey's relations with its Western allies.
Rapid publication in the mid‐nineteenth century: John Lindley's “New Plants” column in the Gardeners' Chronicle
Authors: Mabberley David J.
Published: September 2015

John Lindley's vehicle for very rapid publication was his “New Plants” column in the Gardeners' Chronicle. Six inexplicably overlooked names published there are listed and disposed of, necessitating an overdue new combination in Gongora and adjustments in other tropical American Orchidaceae (Aspidogyne, Barkeria), though one name in Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) of Guatemala remains unplaced.
Molecular phylogenetics and new (infra)generic classification to alleviate polyphyly in tribe Hydrangeeae (Cornales: Hydrangeaceae)
Authors: De Smet Yannick , Granados Mendoza Carolina , Wanke Stefan , Goetghebeur Paul , Samain Marie-Stéphanie
Published: September 2015

Tribe Hydrangeeae of Hydrangeaceae currently contains nine morphologically diverse genera, many of which are well‐known garden ornamentals. Previous studies have shown eight of these genera to be phylogenetically nested within Hydrangea, rendering the latter polyphyletic. To clarify the phylogeny of tribe Hydrangeeae, the present study sequenced four chloroplast regions and ITS for an extensive set of taxa, including the type for all nine genera involved. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses corroborate the polyphyly of Hydrangea. Since polyphyletic taxa are deemed unacceptable by both sides in the ongoing debate concerning the adherence to strict monophyly in biological classifications, a new (infra)generic classification for tribe Hydrangeeae is proposed. In order to create a stable, evolutionary informative classification a broader circumscription of the genus Hydrangea is proposed, to include all eight satellite genera of the tribe. Such treatment is considered highly preferable to an alternative where Hydrangea is to be split into several morphologically potentially unidentifiable genera. To facilitate the acceptance of the new classification proposed here, and in order to create a classification with high information content, the familiar generic names were maintained as section names where possible.
Disinformation As a Way of Information and Psychological Impact (for Example, Armed Conflict Between India and Pakistan)
Authors: Шур  , Shur V.
Published: September 2015

The article deals with the problems of dezinformirovan as a means of information-

psychological influence. Highlights disinformation techniques of

presenting Information in modern conditions. The specifics misleading effects

in the course of wars and military conflicts between the two South

Asian countries India and Pakistan.
Speech Influence As a Factor in the Achievement of Communicative Effect in Translation
Authors: Леви  , Levi Yu.
Published: September 2015

Linguistic persuasion and the achievement of a communicative effect in

translation/interpretation in fact pursue a common goal which is a certain

organization of a human activity.
Moral Values in Professional Communication
Authors: Нохрин  , Nokhrin A.
Published: September 2015

The notion of “moral values” is analyzed. Notions “professional scientific

communication” and “scientific discourse” are being compared. Based on

the research articles on ecology, language means of expression of moral

values is studied.
Analytical survey of the tourism industry in the Yaroslavl region
Authors: Жолудева Вера , Zholudeva Vera , Мельниченко Надежда , Melnichenko Nadezhda
Published: September 2015

On the basis of statistical information analysis of the main market trends in the tourism industry of the Yaroslavl region in the context of municipalities is carried out, the dynamics of tourist flows is estimated. Positive dynamics for each of the quantitative indicators characterizing the market of tourist services is noted, which indicates an overall improvement in the tourism sector of the Yaroslavl region. Last years the growth of the municipalities´ contribution in the total tourist flow in the Yaroslavl Region is noted. This also applies to other indicators of development of the tourism industry. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of the tourist infrastructure, represented by means of accommodation, transport, including roads, places of interest and sightseeing services, indicate the need to modernize most objects and rendering of the state support of development of tourist infrastructure in the region. To determine the prospects of tourism development in the context of municipalities (urban districts and municipal areas) of Yaroslavl region on the basis of state statistical observation and statistics of the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Yaroslavl region has been accomplished forecasting basic indicators of activity of collective accommodation facilities and market the tourism industry. In the Yaroslavl region there is great potential for further development of the tourism industry due to its integration with many of the industries. It will contribute to the development of the economy of the region, and will have an impact on adjacent industries, such as transport, food, communications, trade and others.
Analysis and perspectives of tourism development in Venyovsky district of Tula region
Authors: Королев Александр , Korolev Aleksandr , Жаркова Виктория , Zharkova Viktoriya
Published: September 2015

The article is devoted to the evaluation of the touristic potential of the territory through experience of Venyovsky district of Tula region. Districts of Tula region, with their unique touristic resources, attractive atmosphere, favorable location and certain advantages over the other areas, where developing tourism, are able to attract not only the large tourist flow from other regions of Russia and foreign countries, but also investors, who are ready to invest in tourism industry. One of the most interesting areas of Tula region as an object of the tourism development is Venyovsky district. Analyzing the component of territory that generates touristic flow, the methods of evaluation based on positional-digit ranking of tourism resources were used. It is shown that the number of tourism resources of the district can generate larger tourist flow in case of development of implementing and localizing area component. Also, the perspective objects, which are not currently used in tourism, were found. SWOT-analysis showed that the maximum realization of potential of Venyovsky district is possible in case of using strengths and partly disregarding threats. To integrate the results of the analysis of strategic factors a special form ofEFAS «Summary of external strategic factors analysis» was used. Also, the analysis of the competitive environment of touristic objects of Venyovsky district was carried out and the preferences of tourists were studied in this work. The research showed that for the development of tourism in the district at the moment the most rational way is to pay attention to the «strategy of concentrated growth», thereby strengthening position of the Venyovsky district in the market.
Tendências dos indicadores de atividade física em adultos: Conjunto de capitais do Brasil 2006-2013
Authors: Malta Deborah , Andrade Silvânia , Santos Maria , Rodrigues Gisele , Mielke Grégore
Published: September 2015

Descrever as tendências temporais dos indicadores de atividade física da população adulta das capitais brasileiras entre 2006 e 2013. Foram analisados os dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL), referentes aos anos de 2006 a 2013 em uma amostra anual de cerca de 54.000 adultos nas capitais brasileiras. Foram analisadas tendências dos indicadores de atividade física no tempo livre e no deslocamento para o trabalho/escola, além de inatividade física nos quatro domínios e tempo assistindo televisão. Foi utilizada modelagem de regressão linear simples para avaliar a tendência, considerando significativo um coeficiente de regressão diferente de zero (p<0,05). Houve aumento nos percentuais de ativos no tempo livre, redução no percentual de ativos no deslocamento para o trabalho/escola e estabilidade na tendência dos percentuais de indivíduos que assistem à TV por no mínimo três horas diárias e de indivíduos fisicamente inativos. Compreender o cenário nacional de mudanças nos indicadores de atividade física torna-se desejável para o planejamento de ações que fomentem a promoção de atividade física e assim contribuam com a redução de um dos principais fatores de risco para doenças crônicas. 
Prevalence of and factors associated with leisure-time physical activity in older adults from seven Brazilian cities: data from the FIBRA study
Authors: Costa Taiguara , Ribeiro Luciana , Neri Anita
Published: September 2015

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important factor in promoting and maintaining adequate health status and quality of life in old age. Here we aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with different modalities of LTPA among 3,478 older adults (mean age: 72.96 ± 6.01 years; 67.7% female) from seven cities of different regions of Germany. We compared categorical variables (gender, age and family income) between groups using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Walking was the most commonly reported activity undertaken by participants (43.4%). Men reported performing a larger number of LTPA modalities than women. Outdoor gymnastics and water gymnastics were the most commonly cited LTPA by women. Younger age and higher income correlated with higher levels of physical activity. Our findings indicate that a physically active behavior is closely related to the living conditions, social roles and physical health of this population. Thus, public policies encouraging LTPA among older adults should take their gender, age and social status, as well as the type of activities to be offered, into consideration.
Reducing Harm in Healthcare Systems
Authors: O'Brien Tim
Published: September 2015

An understanding of the importance of causation of medical errors is important for determining strategies to reduce the harm that they can cause to patients. This paper discusses how dentistry can learn from medicine as well as other industries when developing approaches designed to deal with the causes of errors, rather than their outcomes.
Risk Assessment for Tooth Wear
Authors: Kontaxopoulou Isavella , Alam Sonia
Published: September 2015

Tooth wear has an increasing prevalence in the UK population. The aetiology is commonly multifactorial, and the aetiopathology is through a combination of erosion, attrition, abrasion and abfraction.

Erosion is associated with intrinsic or extrinsic acids, and therefore subjects with reflux disease and eating disorders are at increased risk. Fruit juice, fruits and carbonated drink consumption, frequency of consumption and specific habits are also risk factors.

Attrition is more prevalent in bruxists. Other habits need to be considered when defining the risk of tooth wear. Abrasion is usually associated with toothbrushing and toothpastes, especially in an already acidic environment.

Patients with extensive lesions that affect dentin may be at higher risk, as well as those presenting with unstained lesions. Monitoring of the progress of tooth wear is recommended to identify those with active tooth wear. Indices for tooth wear are a helpful aid.
Fostering design collaboration: Novel IC T tools to support contemporary design pedagogy
Authors: Maciver Fiona , Malins Julian
Published: September 2015

Professional design practice is in a period of flux and transformation. Technology is rendering the design process increasingly collaborative, interdisciplinary, and cross-cultural, and design studios are increasingly dependant on information and communication technology (ICT). There is a need to reflect these changes in design education, and to train students in the new skills required for industry. This article examines how ICT may be incorporated into design education to enable more collaborative, modern and interactive learning processes to be introduced to better prepare students for professional careers. In addressing this topic, the article examines emerging research that seeks to integrate developments in ICT systems into the higher education design curriculum. The article suggests how such platforms can be adapted to meet the needs of students and tutors, whilst meeting the contemporary requirements of the creative industries. The authors conclude that ICT offers a means of enhancing and complementing existing modes of design pedagogy.
Findings, windings and entwinings: Cartographies of collaborative walking and encounter
Authors: Cutcher Alexandra , Rousell David , Cutter-Mackenzie Amy
Published: September 2015

In the continuing ‘Not Ourselves’ practice-based project, we are attempting to unravel the harmonics of the collaborative voice in educational research, in which the singular voice of the ‘author’ also gives voice to multiple others. We approached this project as an enquiry into the process of ‘collaboration in the making’ and as an emergent practice. Each of the authors of the article has a different professional background: one an environmental educator; another an arts educator; and the third a contemporary artist. We explored walking together|apart to yield outcomes that were not tied to traditional notions of collaboration. The maps we created as we walked speak to collaborations that are rutted, insecure and ambiguous through irregular cooperations. This visual essay is structured into three sections where we collectively and individually explore concepts we refer to as ‘findings, windings and entwinings’.
The impact of applying instructional design principles on students’ attitudes towards the learning content
Authors: Elkilany Elsayed A.
Published: September 2015

The aim of this empirical study is to measure the impact of applying instructional design principles on students’ attitudes towards learning content. A course entitled ‘Print Quality Control’ offered in the study plan of the Department of Printing, Publishing and Packaging at the Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University in Egypt, was selected for the conduct of this experimental work. The course was taught to Group (A) in spring 2008 academic semester. Students’ attitudes towards the following four variables were measured: ‘clarity of course objectives’, ‘appropriateness of the content to the objectives’, ‘information presentation’ and ’ease of understanding the content’. The results of the study in this phase revealed shortcomings in the four variables, as 68 per cent of the students appreciated the clarity of course objectives, 73.5 per cent the appropriateness of the content to the objectives, 70.5 per cent the information presentation and finally 61.5 per cent the ease of understanding the content. Based on the earlier findings, the course was then updated and two importantn analyses were conducted: the first was analysis of the course learning outcomes, and the second was analysis of the updated content. Thereafter and to fill in the gaps found in the original course, a new course design was developed using media and e-learning development tools, including Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Premiere, Adobe Director, Adobe Flash and Course Genie. This course design was achieved through the application of instructional design principles within a frame of learning theories and the systematic development of the learning materials. The new course design was then validated by ten experts using the BACMAN model and got an average of 4.1 out of 5; it was subsequently published through the Blackboard Learning Management System and taught to Group (B) in spring 2009 academic semester. An analysis of students’ attitudes in Group (B) revealed noticeable improvements in relation to the same variables; 100 per cent of the students appreciated the clarity of course objectives, 100 per cent the appropriateness of the content to the objectives, 83.3 per cent the information presentation and finally 100 per cent the ease of understanding the content.
Felling Ficus: The Cultural Status of Fig Trees in a Rural Assamese Community, India
Authors: Cottee-Jones H Eden W , Whittaker Robert J.
Published: September 2015

Scattered fig (Ficus spp. Moraceae) trees are critically important for biodiversity conservation in tropical rural landscapes. By providing large fruit crops, they help maintain seed dispersal networks and facilitate forest restoration. The conservation of fig trees scattered across rural landscapes is therefore vital for the preservation of ecosystem services and biodiversity beyond the borders of protected areas. Given the threats to scattered fig trees, it is increasingly important to identify potentially effective local conservation strategies that accommodate existing perceptions of their value. We used ethnographic techniques to assess the attitudes of villagers towards fig trees in the village of Komargoan and its surroundings in Assam, India. As reported for other parts of South Asia, we found fig trees have significant sacred status, which included taboos against cutting them down. However, we discovered mixed and sometimes contradictory understandings of the religious attributes of fig trees, which were sometimes believed to be inhabited by gods or ancestral spirits. The benefits most commonly associated with fig trees by interviewees were their aesthetic beauty, large size, and shade during the daytime heat. When the presence of these trees incurred economic costs, their religious, aesthetic, and practical benefits were not sufficient reasons to prevent people from cutting them down, although often saplings would be planted in another place as compensation. Unexpectedly, figs were only planted by respected members of the community, usually older men, who had sufficient social status. Any conservation strategy aiming to sustain the abundance of figs in rural Assam is more likely to be successful if these cultural views are taken into account.
Indigenous Concepts of ‘Living Systems’: Aristotelian ‘Soul’ meets Constructal Theory
Authors: Pierotti Raymond
Published: September 2015

I examine similarities among the ways of thinking concerning the natural world of Indigenous peoples of North America and Australia and two aspects of Western Science from different historical periods. The first comparison is with constructal theory, a set of ideas and models recently developed to explain how ‘design’ arises in both biotic and abiotic systems. Both traditions emphasize the importance of flow and motion and how these generate connections, not only within biotic systems, but also between biotic and abiotic phenomena. The second comparison goes back to the beginnings of the Western scientific tradition, and involves the Aristotelian concept of the ‘soul,’ an entity which is not considered to be supernatural, but more of an emergent property of living systems that also involves flow, especially of heat and air within living systems. Both comparisons reveal that indigenous knowledge is thoroughly scientific, but not in the sense characterized by the Baconian/Cartesian tradition, which is more focused on mechanism and application to human affairs than to understanding how natural systems actually function. Indigenous knowledge focuses more on relationships than on mechanisms, and thus is best compared to Western scholarly traditions that also emphasize relationships and emergent properties.
Experiences of registered and student nurses regarding the clinical supervision in medical and surgical wards: Develop an educational programme to support registered nurses
Authors: Neshuku Hanna , Amukugo Hans Justus
Published: September 2015

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of registered nurses and student nurses regarding the clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards. The findings will be a basis to develop an educational programme to support registered nurses during clinical supervision in the same context.The study was a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. This paper describes Phase 1, of the study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of registered nurses and student nurses regarding clinical supervision of student nurses. Data was collected through in-depth individual face to face interviews thereafter data were analysed based on the Tesch’s method of qualitative data analysis. The numbers of interviews conducted were 35 in total, made up of 27 interviews with student nurses and 8 interviews with registered nurses. The numbers were determined based on the subject who availed themselves for the study as well as data saturation.Study revealed managerial, educational as well as non-conducive environment challenges experiences by registered nurses and student nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses.It was concluded that educational programme should be developed in order to support registered to manage those challenges. The development of the programme is outlined in article part 2.
Concepts and Representations of Musical Hierarchies
Authors: Lerdahl Fred
Published: September 2015

This paper undertakes a comparative study of concepts and visual representations of hierarchical aspects of musical structure. After consideration of the rhythmic components of grouping and meter, the discussion turns to pitch-event hierarchies and the tonal hierarchy (or pitch space). Contrasting notations are evaluated in terms of the efficacy of the concepts they exemplify.
Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation – Current Concepts
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G , Gersh Bernard J , Camm A John ,   Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US,   Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,   St George’s University of London, UK
Published: September 2015

This article presents the current status of the use of anticoagulation for the treatment of AF, particularly with the use of non-vitamin K-dependent anticoagulants. Comparisons between these agents and warfarin are made and methods for assessment of anticoagulant activity and reversal are discussed.
The Entirely Subcutaneous Defibrillator – A New Generation and Future Expectations
Authors: Ali Hussam , Lupo Pierpaolo , Cappato Riccardo ,   Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Research Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy; Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Unit II, Humanitas Gavazzeni Clinics, Bergamo, Italy,   Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Research Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy; Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Unit II, Humanitas Gavazzeni Clinics, Bergamo, Italy,   Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Research Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy; Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Unit II, Humanitas Gavazzeni Clinics, Bergamo, Italy
Published: September 2015

Although conventional implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have proved effective in the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD), they still appear to be limited by non-trivial acute and long-term complications. The recent advent of an entirely subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) represents a further step in the evolution of defibrillation technology towards a less-invasive approach. This review highlights some historical and current issues concerning the S-ICD that may offer a viable therapeutic option in selected patients at high risk of SCD and in whom pacing is not required. After the CE Mark and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals, the S-ICD is being implanted worldwide with growing clinical data regarding its safety and efficacy (the EFFORTLESS Registry). The recently developed new generation of S-ICD (EMBLEM, Boston Scientific) demonstrates favourable features including a smaller device, longer longevity and remote-monitoring compatibility. Further innovations in the S-ICD system and potential integration with leadless pacing may play an important role in defibrillation therapy and prevention of SCD in the near future.
Mechanisms of Heart Block after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement – Cardiac Anatomy, Clinical Predictors and Mechanical Factors that Contribute to Permanent Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Lee Mark Young , Yeshwant Srinath Chilakamarri , Chava Sreedivya , Lustgarten Daniel Lawrence ,   University of Vermont, Vermont, US,   University of Vermont, Vermont, US,   University of Vermont, Vermont, US,   University of Vermont, Vermont, US
Published: September 2015

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a valuable, minimally invasive treatment option in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis at prohibitive or increased risk for conventional surgical replacement. Consequently, patients undergoing TAVR are prone to peri-procedural complications including cardiac conduction disturbances, which is the focus of this review. Atrioventricular conduction disturbances and arrhythmias before, during or after TAVR remain a matter of concern for this high-risk group of patients, as they have important consequences on hospital duration, short- and long-term medical management and finally on decisions of device-based treatment strategies (pacemaker or defibrillator implantation). We discuss the mechanisms of atrioventricular disturbances and characterise predisposing factors. Using validated clinical predictors, we discuss strategies to minimise the likelihood of creating permanent high-grade heart block, and identify factors to expedite the decision to implant a permanent pacemaker when the latter is unavoidable. We also discuss optimal pacing strategies to mitigate the possibility of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy.