bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
László Moholy-Nagy’s Light Prop as Design Fiction: Perspectives on Conservation and Replication
Authors: Tsai Joyce , Chang Angela , Battles Matthew , Schnapp Jeffrey
Published: March 2017

Light Prop for an Electric Stage was presented in 1930 as a prototype for a new kind of mechanical theater that was meant to spark future partnerships between art and industry. Although it was never put into industrial production, Light Prop circulated as an early example of kinetic sculpture, as documented in a highly composed film, in photographs and in textual accounts. In 2016, the Harvard Art Museums and metaLAB (at) Harvard filmed Light Prop and its 2006 replica under highly controlled conditions. The resulting comparative media reveals how László Moholy-Nagy’s film served as the “design fiction” guiding the replication and conservation of Light Prop.
Stabreimende Wortpaare in der frühmittelhochdeutschen Genesis: Nachträge zum Bestand
Authors: Jeep John M.
Published: March 2017

A new edition of the “Wiener Genesis” provides data relevant to the extant listings of alliterating word-pairs in early attestations of German. A complete catalogue of the word-pairs locates the collection from the Early Middle High German text within the body of Early German literature. Three new earliest word-pair attestations are documented, while issues of word sequence, alliteration, and transmission are discussed.
New data on the genus Syndicus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from Yunnan, southern China
Authors: ZHOU DE-YAO , YIN ZI-WEI
Published: March 2017

A new species of the ant-like stone beetle genus Syndicus Motschulsky, S. (Semisyndicus) long Zhou & Yin, sp. n., is described from Yunnan, southern China. New collecting data of Syndicus (s. str.) himalayanus Franz in China is provided. At present, eight Syndicus species are known to occur in China. An identification key and a distributional map for these species are presented.
Scapanoclypeus bicoloratus new species from Hardap, Namibia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini)
Authors: SEHNAL RICHARD
Published: March 2017

Scapanoclypeus Evans (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini) was established with Trichinopus aberrans Frey designated as its type species and included five additional species: S. testaceus Evans, S. carinatus Evans, S. cornutus Evans, S. brunneus Evans, and S. aulacocoleatus Evans. Scapanoclypeus, Trichinopus Waterhouse, and Oedanomerus Waterhouse are distinguished from other African Tanyproctini by their small size (12 mm or less), reduced mouthparts, and antennae with 8–10 antennomeres (Evans 1987). Species of Scapanoclypeus and Oedanomerus have simple claws without cleft or teeth at base, a slightly conical labrum, and a third antennomere that is equal in length to the fourth; while Trichinopus has bifid claws, a distinctly conical labrum with rounded end, and the third antennomere approximately as long as the fourth (Lacroix 2007). The antennal club of Scapanoclypeus is at least three times longer than the combined length of antennomeres I–IV and the clypeal surface at nearly a right angle in relation to the plane of the frons, while Oedanomerus has an antennal club about as long as the combined length of antennomeres I–IV and coplanar clypeal and frontal surfaces (Evans 1987; Lacroix 2007; Sehnal 2013). Scapanoclypeus was subsequently mentioned in Lacroix (2007), who re-drew the figures and adopted the key from Evans (1987). Three additional species have since been described from southern Africa: S. triapicalis Sehnal, S. sinepunctatus Sehnal, and S. hardap Sehnal (see Sehnal 2013, 2014).
How Frequent is Precipitation over the Contiguous United States? Perspectives from Ground-Based and Spaceborne Radars
Authors: Smalley Mark , Kirstetter Pierre-Emmanuel , L’Ecuyer Tristan
Published: March 2017

High temporal and spatial resolution observations of precipitation occurrence from the NEXRAD-based Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system are compared to matched observations from CloudSat for 3 years over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Across the CONUS, precipitation is generally reported more frequently by CloudSat (7.8%) than by MRMS (6.3%), with dependence on factors such as the NEXRAD beam height, the near-surface air temperature, and the surface elevation. There is general agreement between ground-based and satellite-derived precipitation events over flat surfaces, especially in widespread precipitation events and when the NEXRAD beam heights are low. Within 100 km of the nearest NEXRAD site, MRMS reports a precipitation frequency of 7.54% while CloudSat reports 7.38%. However, further inspection reveals offsetting biases between the products, where CloudSat reports more snow and MRMS reports more rain. The magnitudes of these discrepancies correlate with elevation, but they are observed in both the complex terrain of the Rocky Mountains and the relatively flat midwestern areas of the CONUS. The findings advocate for caution when using MRMS frequency and accumulations in complex terrain, when temperatures are below freezing, and at ranges greater than 100 km. A multiresolution analysis shows that no more than 1.88% of CloudSat pixels over flat terrain are incorrectly identified as nonprecipitating as a result of shallow showers residing the CloudSat clutter-filled blind zone when near-surface air temperatures are above 15°C.
A Feasibility Study on Using an Internet-Panel Survey to Measure Perceptions of E-cigarettes in 3 Metropolitan Areas, 2015
Authors: Miller Eric A. , Berman Lewis , Atienza Audie , Middleton Deirdre , Iachan Ronaldo , Tortora Robert , Boyle John
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Internet-panel surveys are emerging as a means to quickly and cost-effectively collect health data, and because of their large memberships, they could be used for community-level surveys. To determine the feasibility of using an internet-panel survey to quickly provide community-level data, we conducted a pilot test of a health survey in 3 US metropolitan areas.

Methods:

We conducted internet-panel surveys in Cleveland, Ohio; New York, New York; and Seattle, Washington, in 2015. Slightly more than 500 people responded to the survey in each city. We compared weighted unadjusted prevalence estimates from the internet-panel data with estimates from the 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) for the following question in each survey: “Compared to smoking cigarettes, would you say that electronic cigarettes are…much less harmful, less harmful, just as harmful, more harmful, much more harmful, or I’ve never heard of electronic cigarettes.” We used multivariable logistic regression to compare associations of respondents’ demographic and health characteristics with perceived harm from e-cigarettes.

Results:

The prevalence of the perception that e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoking cigarettes ranged from 35.9% to 39.9% in the internet-panel sites and was 43.0% in HINTS. Most patterns of beliefs and respondent characteristics in the internet-panel data were consistent with patterns in HINTS. We found inconsistent patterns between internet-panel sites and HINTS by race/ethnicity and education.

Conclusions:

This feasibility study found that internet-panel surveys could quickly produce community-level data for targeted public health interventions and evaluation, but they may be limited in producing estimates among subgroups.
Tourists’ Destination Loyalty through Emotional Solidarity with Residents: An Integrative Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Ribeiro Manuel Alector , Woosnam Kyle M. , Pinto Patricia , Silva João Albino
Published: March 2017

This study proposes a theoretical model integrating two lines of tourism research: emotional solidarity and destination loyalty. In order to test the proposed model, a survey of visitors to Cape Verde islands was undertaken. Structural equation modeling and moderated mediation analysis were implemented to assess the relationships involving visitors’ emotional solidarity with residents, satisfaction, and destination loyalty. The three dimensions of emotional solidarity were considered in the study: feeling welcomed, sympathetic understanding, and emotional closeness. Results indicate that visitors’ feeling welcomed and sympathetic understanding directly influence loyalty. In particular, the relationships involving visitors’ feeling welcomed by residents, emotional closeness with residents, and sympathetic understanding with residents and loyalty were all mediated by satisfaction. Additionally, gender was found to moderate the conditional indirect effects of emotional closeness and feeling welcomed on loyalty (via satisfaction). Such relationships were stronger among male visitors. Implications as well as future research opportunities are offered.
Lessons from the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme, for the implementation of Building Better Relationships
Authors: Hughes Will
Published: March 2017

This paper offers reflections on the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme (IDAP), and its implications for the Building Better Relationships programme (BBR), which has now replaced IDAP as the main criminal justice intervention for male domestic violence perpetrators in England and Wales. While the BBR programme should be regarded with optimism, many of the principles underpinning IDAP are of ongoing relevance for practice with abusive men. There has been a tendency to distort IDAP and the broader Duluth model in discussions of interventions for perpetrators of domestic abuse. Although the BBR programme constitutes some changes of direction, its successful implementation requires continuity in the application of facilitator judgement, knowledge of group dynamics, non-judgemental dialogue, willingness to ‘challenge’, and responsiveness to individual service users.
Noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal common sex chromosome aneuploidies from maternal blood
Authors: Zhang Bin , Lu Bei-Yi , Yu Bin , Zheng Fang-Xiu , Zhou Qin , Chen Ying-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Qing
Published: March 2017

Objective

To explore the feasibility of high-throughput massively parallel genomic DNA sequencing technology for the noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs).

Methods

The study enrolled pregnant women who were prepared to undergo noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the second trimester. Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) was extracted from the mother’s peripheral venous blood and a high-throughput sequencing procedure was undertaken. Patients identified as having pregnancies associated with SCAs were offered prenatal fetal chromosomal karyotyping.

Results

The study enrolled 10 275 pregnant women who were prepared to undergo NIPT. Of these, 57 pregnant women (0.55%) showed fetal SCA, including 27 with Turner syndrome (45,X), eight with Triple X syndrome (47,XXX), 12 with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) and three with 47,XYY. Thirty-three pregnant women agreed to undergo fetal karyotyping and 18 had results consistent with NIPT, while 15 patients received a normal karyotype result. The overall positive predictive value of NIPT for detecting SCAs was 54.54% (18/33) and for detecting Turner syndrome (45,X) was 29.41% (5/17).

Conclusion

NIPT can be used to identify fetal SCAs by analysing cffDNA using massively parallel genomic sequencing, although the accuracy needs to be improved particularly for Turner syndrome (45,X).
From Theory to Practice: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Adult Education’s Language on Meaning Making
Authors: Roessger Kevin M.
Published: March 2017

Translating theory to practice has been a historical concern of adult education. It remains unclear, though, if adult education’s theoretical and epistemological focus on meaning making transcends the academy. A manifest content analysis was conducted to determine if the frequency of meaning making language differed between the field’s U.S. scholarly journals, practitioner journals, and federal policy writings. This study found the field’s leading U.S. practitioner journal and its federal policy agencies used meaning making language less so than the field’s leading U.S. scholarly journals. Scholarly and practitioner journals, however, showed increased use since 2003. Implications for increasing meaning making language in practice and policy are discussed. Limitations for generalizing findings and interpreting authors’ intentions are addressed.
Treatment of Enterocutaneous Fistulas, Then and Now
Authors: Ortiz Luis Alfonso , Zhang Bin , McCarthy Maureen Walsh , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. , Fagenholz Peter , King David R. , De Moya Marc , Velmahos George , Yeh Daniel Dante
Published: March 2017

Background: An enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is an aberrant connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin or atmosphere (enteroatmospheric fistula [EAF]). Multimodal treatment includes surgical procedures, nutrition support, and wound care. We evaluated our practice and compared our outcomes with previous results published from our institution. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of hospitalized ECF/EAF patients admitted between January 2011 and November 2015. Patients with internal fistulas; active inflammatory bowel disease; malignancy; radiation treatment; end‐stage renal, hepatic, or cardiac disease; and active alcoholism were excluded. Data collected included demographics, fistula characteristics, nutrition therapy, treatment, operative success, and hospital mortality. Parametric and nonparametric tests for independent and paired groups were performed. Results: Thirty‐one patients were included in the analysis. The median (interquartile range) age was 60 (53–76) years, and 81% were female. Parenteral nutrition was initially prescribed in 80% of patients, but 61% received enteral nutrition (EN) at some point during their hospitalization. Two patients were fed by fistuloclysis. Eighty percent of the patients underwent surgical repair a median of 12 months after diagnosis with 92% operative success. Surgical repair had a modest correlation with home discharge (ρ = 0.517, P = .003). A large proportion of patients (77%) were discharged home. The in‐hospital mortality at our institution decreased from 44% in 1960 to 21% in 1970 to 3% in the current study. Conclusions: Modern treatment of ECF/EAF, including EN and advanced local wound care, is associated with improvements in clinical outcomes such as hospital mortality.
Untroubling abortion: A discourse analysis of women’s accounts
Authors: Beynon-Jones Siân M
Published: March 2017

In this paper, I highlight key differences between a discourse analytic approach to women’s accounts of abortion and that taken by the growing body of research that seeks to explore and measure women’s experiences of abortion stigma. Drawing on critical analyses of the conceptualisation of stigma in other fields of healthcare, I suggest that research on abortion stigma often risks reifying it by failing to consider how identities are continually re-negotiated through language-use. In contrast, by attending to language as a form of social action, discursive psychology makes it possible to emphasise speakers’ capacity to construct “untroubled” (i.e. non-stigmatised) identities, while acknowledging that this process is constrained by the contexts in which talk takes place. My analysis applies these insights to interviews with women concerning their experiences of having an abortion in England. I highlight three forms of discursive work through which women navigate “trouble” in their accounts of abortion, and critically consider the resources available for meaning-making within this particular context of talk. In doing so, I aim to provoke reflection about the discursive frameworks through which women’s accounts of abortion are solicited and explored.
Discipline, educate and punish
Authors: Zoettl Peter Anton
Published: March 2017

Based on an ethnographic study in a Portuguese youth detention centre (YDC), the article discusses the divergent discourses of law, the judiciary and detention centres, and the way they are put into practice. While the law gives priority to young offenders’ ‘education’, both the sentencing practices of the judiciary and the institutional practices of YDCs adopt and implement primarily a disciplinary stance on youth justice. The article anatomizes how these divergent discourses intermingle, and contrasts the institutional discourses with the inmates’ views of, and reactions to, the disciplinary mode of operation of the centres. It is suggested that the regime of confinement and strategies of reward and punishment of the YDCs induce juveniles to adopt only short-lived changes of conduct, ultimately confining the law’s precept of education to a praxis of behavioural conditioning.
Diagnostic Strategies for Early Recognition of Cancer Therapeutics–Related Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Manrique Carlos R , Park Michael , Tiwari Nidhish , Plana Juan Carlos , Garcia Mario J
Published: March 2017

Cardiovascular toxicity in the form of cardiac dysfunction continues to be an obstacle for patients with cancer. Survival and quality of life of cancer survivors are frequently affected by increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. The involvement of the cardiovascular system by primary or secondary malignancies, as well as its dysfunction secondary to the administration of antineoplastics, has led to the development of a new discipline called Cardio-Oncology, an exciting cardiology subspecialty with more questions than answers and as a result an enormous opportunity for research in the field. Multidisciplinary efforts have been focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer therapeutics–related cardiovascular dysfunction (CTRCD). This review article will focus on the early diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction associated with chemotherapy. Currently, the identification of cardiac toxicity associated with cancer treatment is the cornerstone for critical decisions regarding anticancer therapy and cardioprotective strategies. Its early detection, especially in subclinical phases, allows immediate intervention to prevent further impairment of the myocardium and other cardiovascular structures. The most significant published studies were selected for this revision, providing an updated document for the health professionals involved in the care of patients with cancer. We examined the current evidence and recommendations for biochemical and noninvasive diagnostic techniques, including their specific role for identification of CTRCD. Traditional and advanced imaging modalities, used alone or in combination with cardiovascular biomarkers, are essential for the recognition of cardiotoxicity during cancer therapy. Evolving basic and clinical research are focused on the development of more sensitive and specific diagnostic tools and for the recognition of cardiac toxicity.
Association Between Early Idiopathic Neonatal Jaundice and Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Özcan Murat , Sarici S Ümit , Yurdugül Yüksel , Akpinar Melis , Altun Demet , Özcan Begüm , Serdar Muhittin A , Sarici Dilek
Published: March 2017

Background and purpose:

Etiologic role, incidence, demographic, and response-to-treatment characteristics of urinary tract infection (UTI) among neonates, its relationship with significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and abnormalities of the urinary system were studied in a prospective investigation in early (≤10 days) idiopathic neonatal jaundice in which all other etiologic factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were ruled out.

Patients and methods:

Urine samples for microscopic and bacteriologic examination were obtained with bladder catheterization from 155 newborns with early neonatal jaundice. Newborns with a negative urine culture and with a positive urine culture were defined as group I and group II, respectively, and the 2 groups were compared with each other.

Results:

The incidence of UTI in whole of the study group was 16.7%. Serum total and direct bilirubin levels were statistically significantly higher in group II when compared with group I ( P = .005 and P = .001, respectively). Decrease in serum total bilirubin level at the 24th hour of phototherapy was statistically significantly higher in group I compared with group II ( P = .022).

Conclusions:

Urinary tract infection should be investigated in the etiologic evaluation of newborns with significant hyperbilirubinemia. The possibility of UTI should be considered in jaundiced newborns who do not respond to phototherapy well or have a prolonged duration of phototherapy treatment.
Training on the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview improves cultural competence in general psychiatry residents: A pilot study
Authors: Mills Stacia , Xiao Anna Q. , Wolitzky-Taylor Kate , Lim Russell , Lu Francis G.
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to assess whether a 1-hour didactic session on the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) improves the cultural competence of general psychiatry residents. The main hypothesis was that teaching adult psychiatry residents a 1-hour session on the CFI would improve cultural competence. The exploratory hypothesis was that trainees with more experience in cultural diversity would have a greater increase in cultural competency scores. Psychiatry residents at a metropolitan, county hospital completed demographics and preintervention questionnaires, were exposed to a 1-hour session on the CFI, and were given a postintervention questionnaire. The questionnaire was an adapted version of the validated Cultural Competence Assessment Tool . Paired samples t tests compared pre- to posttest change. Hierarchical linear regression assessed whether pretraining characteristics predicted posttest scores. The mean change of total pre- and posttest scores was significant ( p = .002), as was the mean change in subscales Nonverbal Communications ( p < .001) and Cultural Knowledge ( p = .002). Demographic characteristics did not predict higher posttest scores (when covarying for pretest scores). Psychiatry residents’ cultural competence scores improved irrespective of previous experience in cultural diversity. More research is needed to further explore the implications of the improved scores in clinical practice.
Objective investigation of discomfort due to draught in a tangential air distribution system: Influence of air diffuser’s offset ratio
Authors: Both Balázs , Szánthó Zoltán
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of air diffuser’s offset ratio on air velocity and turbulence intensity distribution. Air velocity, turbulence intensity and air temperature measurements were performed in a single office full-scale room in isothermal case. Then the draught rate numbers were calculated to evaluate the discomfort due to draught using Fanger’s model. Different statistical tests were applied to evaluate the measured data. Results showed that the average of air velocity magnitude, turbulence intensity and draught rate was independent of the inlet offset ratio at ankle height. At the knee height and head height of seated and standing person, there was a polynomial connection between the average values and the inlet offset ratio. International standards recommend an average turbulence intensity of 40% to calculate draught rate. The results showed that 70%–80% of measured turbulence intensities were less than the standard value in the investigated range of inlet offset ratio. The draught at ankle height was within category C, while at knee height and head height of seated and standing person, the averaged draught rate numbers meet the category A and B and recommendation of CR 1752. Our results could help designers to calculate the average value of air velocity and turbulence intensity for room air distribution and indoor air comfort design.
Gaps in Understanding the Experiences of Homecare Workers Providing Care for People with Dementia up to the End of Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: D'Astous Valerie , Abrams Ruth , Vandrevala Tushna , Samsi Kritika , Manthorpe Jill
Published: March 2017

This systematic review of the literature explores the perspectives and experiences of homecare workers providing care for people with dementia living at home up to the end of life. A search of major English language databases in 2016 identified 378 studies on the topic, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. No empirical research was identified that specifically addressed the research question. However, synthesis of the findings from the broader literature revealed three overarching themes: value of job role, emotional labour and poor information and communication. The role of homecare workers supporting a person with dementia up to the end of life remains under-researched, with unmet needs for informational, technical and emotional support reported. The effective components of training and support are yet to be identified.
To Dialyse or not to Dialyse – Is that the Question? A Psychosocial Perspective on Dilemmas Concerning Dialysis for People with Dementia
Authors: O’Rourke Gareth , Methven Shona , Lloyd Liz
Published: March 2017

There is increasing recognition that the organisation of health care into specialist areas of practice can be counterproductive for older people with multiple morbidities and that dementia can raise particular challenges in health care. In the context of treatment for chronic kidney disease, these challenges concern complex decisions about the suitability and efficacy of dialysis and other treatments. This article draws on a literature review to present a psychosocial perspective on these decisions. It considers the value of the concept of ‘dementia friendliness’ for nephrology practice and suggests how this could provide a valuable frame of reference for the multidisciplinary nephrology team to ensure they are best equipped to work with people living with dementia and their carers and to ensure that the individual patient is truly at the centre of their treatment regime.
Quality of Life on the Views of Older Family Carers of People with Dementia
Authors: Oliveira Deborah , Vass Catherine , Aubeeluck Aimee
Published: March 2017

Older family carers of people with dementia represent an increasing but overlooked population of family carers. This research aimed to explore how these individuals make sense of their own quality of life and to identify the factors that enhance or compromise this. Four focus groups were conducted in 2014 with 19 older family carers in community-based support groups in Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Thirty-three subthemes emerged and were collated into three superordinate themes: 1) aspects of care and caregiving, 2) feelings and concerns, and 3) satisfaction with life and caregiving. This study identified a broad range of aspects that are of particular importance to the quality of life of older family carers of people with dementia. These findings are expected to inform future research as well as health and social care providers with the aim of improving life quality for this population.
Sexuality and Spinal Cord Injury: The Lived Experiences of Intimate Partners
Authors: Eglseder Kate , Demchick Barbara
Published: March 2017

Although sexuality is an integral aspect of the human experience, individuals who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI) often receive inadequate education to facilitate successful participation in sexual activities. Intimate partners are often not included in discussions related to sexuality during the rehabilitative process. The purpose of this study was to identify the lived experiences of intimate partners of individuals with SCI related to sexuality. Four intimate partners were selected to participate in semistructured interviews related to their lived experiences of sexuality. Participants identified aspects of SCI, extreme discomfort due to self-perceived sexual norms, and a lack of education as contributors to unsuccessful participation in sexual activity. Coupled sexual activity is a complex phenomenon which includes factors that influence both the injured individuals as well as their intimate partners. To provide effective interventions in addressing sexuality, practitioners should consider the entire issue, the couple.
Efficient adaptive constrained control with time-varying predefined performance for a hypersonic flight vehicle
Authors: Wei Caisheng , Luo Jianjun , Dai Honghua , Yuan Jianping , Xie Jianfeng
Published: March 2017

A novel low-complexity adaptive control method, capable of guaranteeing the transient and steady-state tracking performance in the presence of unknown nonlinearities and actuator saturation, is investigated for the longitudinal dynamics of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle. In order to attenuate the negative effects of classical predefined performance function for unknown initial tracking errors, a modified predefined performance function with time-varying design parameters is presented. Under the newly developed predefined performance function, two novel adaptive controllers with low-complexity computation are proposed for velocity and altitude subsystems of the hypersonic flight vehicle, respectively. Wherein, different from neural network-based approximation, a least square support vector machine with only two design parameters is utilized to approximate the unknown hypersonic dynamics. And the relevant ideal weights are obtained by solving a linear system without resorting to specialized optimization algorithms. Based on the approximation by least square support vector machine, only two adaptive scalars are required to be updated online in the parameter projection method. Besides, a new finite-time-convergent differentiator, with a quite simple structure, is proposed to estimate the unknown generated state variables in the newly established normal output-feedback formulation of altitude subsystem. Moreover, it is also employed to obtain accurate estimations for the derivatives of virtual controllers in a recursive design. This avoids the inherent drawback of backstepping — “explosion of terms” and makes the proposed control method achievable for the hypersonic flight vehicle. Further, the compensation design is employed when the saturations of the actuator occur. Finally, the numerical simulations validate the efficiency of the proposed finite-time-convergent differentiator and control method.
Sixty Years of Language Motivation Research
Authors: Al-Hoorie Ali H.
Published: March 2017

This article offers a historical analysis of the major themes that the language motivation field has examined in its 60-year history. The discussion starts by briefly reviewing the social-psychological and the situated–cognitive periods. The former was primarily concerned with affective factors in intergroup relations, while the latter with learners in classroom contexts. The second half of the article surveys a number of emerging themes in the field to highlight major findings and potential future directions. These themes include the dynamic, affective, unconscious, and long-term aspects of motivation to learn English and other languages, as well as the implications of the pervasive presence of technology in daily life.
“Stay or Leave”
Authors: Lantagne Ann , Furman Wyndol , Novak Jamie
Published: March 2017

Traditionally, studies of romantic relationship dissolution in emerging adulthood have only examined predictors of relationship dissolution within the next few months to a year. The present study explored contextual-, relationship-, and individual-level predictors of breakups over a total of 6 years, both in the short-term (1 year after data collection) and in the long-term (an additional 5 years). Data were collected from a community-based sample (100 males, 100 females, ages 18–24). With regard, to dissolution in the short-term, lower levels of relationship support and romantic appeal predicted that the relationship dissolved sooner. For relationships that had not dissolved within the next year, these same predictors, as well as life stress, negative interactions, externalizing symptoms, substance use, and age, predicted time to dissolution over the following 5 years. Findings highlight the importance of simultaneously examining contextual, relationship, and individual levels of short- and long-term predictors to better understand relationship dissolution.
Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections at Two Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Units Over a 12-Year Period (2000-2011)
Authors: Agarwal Roshani R. , Agarwal Rajkumar L. , Chen Xinguang , Lua Jorge L. , Ang Jocelyn Y.
Published: March 2017

We conducted a retrospective review of 168 patients with invasive fungal infections from January 2000 to December 2011 in 2 neonatal intensive care units. Patients with Candida bloodstream infection (BSI, n = 152) were further analyzed. C albicans was the most common species overall (47%); however, there was an increase in non– albicans sp from 2006 to 2011. Candida BSI clearance rates were lower in extremely low birth weight infants (77% vs 93%, P = .01) and in patients with C albicans infections (77% vs 91%, P = .01). Clearance rates improved from 2000 to 2005 (70% - 90%) to 2006 to 2011 (86% -100%). Combination antifungal use increased during the later years (73% vs 49%, P < .05) and in patients with end-organ dissemination (83% vs 54%, P < .05). We concluded that extremely low birth weight infants and C albicans infection are factors associated with nonclearance of Candida BSI. Successful clearance of Candida BSI improved in 2006 to 2011, perhaps due to increase in non– albicans species and the use of combination antifungals.
Embodied Value Co-creation: A Turn-taking Perspective on Service Encounter Interactions
Authors: Echeverri Per , Salomonson Nicklas
Published: March 2017

This article aims at advancing research on value creation in service marketing by applying theories of turn-taking and multimodality. It is argued that there is a need to uncover what is inherent in the prefix ‘co’ in value co-creation and that focus needs to be broadened, from perception of value to the production of value, that is, the specific reciprocal and embodied actions in service encounters.

For the analysis, an empirical study of complex interactions between service providers and customers is used. A practice approach is applied, combining interviews and observations of interactants in situ.

The article identifies four specific turn-taking patterns, ranging from ‘simple’ to ‘elaborated’, defined by their character and that uncover how the interactants reciprocally use multiple modes in the production of social outcomes.

Theoretically, the study contributes to more fine-grained explanations to what explains the creation (and destruction) of value.
Fogoite-(Y), Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3, a Group I TS-block mineral from the Lagoa do Fogo, the Fogo volcano, São Miguel Island, the Azores: Description and crystal structure
Authors: Cámara F. , Sokolova E. , Abdu Y. A. , Hawthorne F. C. , Charrier T. , Dorcet V. , Carpentier J. -F.
Published: March 2017

Fogoite-(Y), Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3, is a new mineral from the Lagoa do Fogo, São Miguel Island, the Azores. It occurs in cavities as highly elongated (on [001]) prisms, up to 2000 μm long and 50 μm× 50 μm in cross-section, associated with sanidine, astrophyllite, fluornatropyrochlore, ferrokentbrooksite, quartz and ferro-katophorite. Crystals are generally transparent and colourless, with vitreous lustre, occasionally creamy white. Fogoite-(Y) has a white streak, splintery fracture and very good {100} cleavage. Mohs hardness is ∼5.Dcalc.= 3.523 g/cm3. It is biaxial (+) with refractive indices (λ = 590 nm) α = 1.686(2), β = 1.690(2), γ = 1.702(5); 2Vmeas.= 57(1)° and 2Vcalc.= 60°. It is nonpleochroic. Fogoite-(Y) is triclinic, space groupP1,a= 9.575(6),b= 5.685(4),c= 7.279(5) Å, α = 89.985(6), β = 100.933(4), γ = 101.300(5)°,V= 381.2 (7) Å3. The six strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction data [d(Å), I, (hkl)] are: 2.954, 100, (1̄1̄2, 3̄10); 3.069, 42, (300, 01̄2); 2.486, 24, (310, 21̄2); 3.960, 23, (1̄1̄1, 2̄10); 2.626, 21, (2̄20); 1.820, 20, (1̄04). Electron microprobe analysis gave the following empirical formula calculated on 18 (O + F) (Na2.74Mn0.15)∑2.89Ca2[Y1.21(La0.01Ce0.03Nd0.03Sm0.02Gd0.08Dy0.08Er0.05Yb0.04Lu0.01)∑0.35Mn0.16Zr0.11Na0.09Fe0.072+Ca0.01]∑2(Ti0.76Nb0.23Ta0.01)∑1(Si4.03O14)O1.12F2.88,Z= 1. The crystal structure was refined on a twinnedcrystal toR1= 2.81% on the basis of 2157 unique reflections (Fo> 4σFo) and is a framework of TS (Titanium Silicate) blocks, which consist of HOH sheets (H – heteropolyhedral, O – octahedral) parallel to (100). In the O sheet, the the[6]MO(1) site is occupied mainly by Ti,  = 1.980 Å, and the[6]MO(2) and[6]MO(3) sites are occupied by Na and Na plus minor Mn, = 2.490 Å and  = 2.378 Å. In the H sheet, the two[4]Si sites are occupied by Si, with  = 1.623 Å; the[6]MHsite is occupied by Y and rare-earth elements (Y >REE), with minor Mn, Zr, Na, Fe2+and Ca,  = 2.271 Å and the[6]APsite is occupied by Ca,  = 2.416 Å. The MHand APoctahedra and Si2O7groups constitute the H sheet. The ideal compositions of the O and two H sheets are Na3Ti(OF)F2and Y2Ca2(Si2O7)2apfu. Fogoite-(Y) is isostructural with götzenite and hainite. The mineral is named after the type locality, the Fogo volcano in the Azores.
Leukocyte phosphodiesterase expression after lipopolysaccharide and during sepsis and its relationship with HLA-DR expression
Authors: Lelubre Christophe , Medfai Hayfa , Akl Israa , Leentjens Jenneke , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter , Rousseau Alexandre , Biston Patrick , Piagnerelli Michael , Vanhaeverbeek Michel , Uzureau Pierrick , Vincent Jean-Louis , Vanhamme Luc , Boudjeltia Karim Zouaoui
Published: March 2017

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) may modulate inflammatory pathways, but PDE expression is poorly documented in humans with sepsis. Using quantitative PCR on whole blood leukocytes, we characterized PDE mRNA expression in healthy volunteers (n = 20), healthy volunteers given lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 18), and critically ill patients with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) sepsis. PDE4B protein expression was also studied in magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS)–isolated CD15+ neutrophils (from 7 healthy volunteers, 5 patients without and 5 with sepsis). We studied relationships between PDE expression, HLA-DR (mRNA and expression on CD14+ monocytes), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels. LPS administration in volunteers was associated with increases in PDE4B and PDE4D and decreases in PDE4A and PDE7A mRNAs. The observed global down-regulation of the HLA-DR complex was correlated with PDE7A. Critically ill patients had lower TNF-α/IL-10 mRNA ratios than the volunteers had and global down-regulation of the HLA-DR complex. Septic patients had persistently lower mRNA levels of PDE7A, PDE4A, and 4B (also at a protein level) and decreasing levels of PDE4D over time. Low PDE4D mRNA levels correlated negatively with HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. LPS administration and sepsis are, therefore, associated with different PDE mRNA expression patterns. The effect of PDE changes on immune dysfunction and HLA-DR expression requires further investigation.
Effects of Epistemic Uncertainty in Seismic Hazard Estimates on Building Portfolio Losses
Authors: Kotha Sreeram Reddy , Bazzurro Paolo , Pagani Marco
Published: March 2017

In catastrophe risk modeling, a defensible estimation of impact severity and its likelihood of occurrence to a portfolio of assets can only be made through a rigorous treatment of uncertainty and the consideration of multiple alternative models. This approach, however, requires repeating lengthy calculations multiple times. To limit the demand on computational time and resources, a frequent practice in the industry is to estimate the distribution of earthquake-induced portfolio losses using a simulated catalog of events from a single representative mean ground motion hazard model for the region. This simplified approach is faster but may provide biased estimates of the likelihood of occurrence of the large and infrequent losses that drive many risk mitigation decisions. Investigation through case studies of different portfolios of assets located in the San Francisco Bay Region shows the potential for both a bias in the mean loss estimates and an underestimation of their central 70% interpercentile. We propose a simplified and computationally practical approach that reduces the bias in the mean portfolio loss estimates. This approach does not improve the estimate of the inter-percentile range, however, a quantity of no direct practical use.
Cigarette Smoking and Pancreatic Cancer Survival
Authors: Yuan Chen , Morales-Oyarvide Vicente , Babic Ana , Clish Clary B. , Kraft Peter , Bao Ying , Qian Zhi Rong , Rubinson Douglas A. , Ng Kimmie , Giovannucci Edward L. , Ogino Shuji , Stampfer Meir J. , Gaziano John Michael , Sesso Howard D. , Cochrane Barbara B. , Manson JoAnn E. , Fuchs Charles S. , Wolpin Brian M.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Cigarette smoking is associated with increased incidence of pancreatic cancer. However, few studies have prospectively evaluated the association of smoking with patient survival.

Patients and Methods

We analyzed survival by smoking status among 1,037 patients from two large US prospective cohort studies diagnosed from 1986 to 2013. Among 485 patients from four prospective US cohorts, we also evaluated survival by prediagnostic circulating levels of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine that is proportional to tobacco smoke exposure. On the basis of prediagnosis cotinine levels, we classified patients as nonsmokers (< 3.1 ng/mL), light smokers (3.1-20.9 ng/mL), or heavy smokers (≥ 21.0 ng/mL). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for death by using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes status, diagnosis year, and cancer stage.

Results

The multivariable-adjusted HR for death was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.69) comparing current smokers with never smokers ( P = .003). A statistically significant negative trend in survival was observed for increasing pack-years of smoking ( Ptrend = .008), with HR for death of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.05 to 2.10) for > 60 pack-years of smoking versus never smoking. Survival among former smokers was similar to that for never smokers, regardless of time since quitting. Heavy smokers defined by prediagnostic circulating cotinine levels had a multivariable-adjusted HR for death of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.51) compared with nonsmokers. Among patients with circulating cotinine levels measured within 5 years before diagnosis, heavy smokers had a multivariable-adjusted HR for death of 2.47 (95% CI, 1.24 to 4.92) compared with nonsmokers.

Conclusion

Cigarette smoking was associated with a reduction in survival among patients with pancreatic cancer.
The Social Cost of Near-Rational Investment
Authors: Hassan Tarek A. , Mertens Thomas M.
Published: March 2017

We show that the stock market may fail to aggregate information even if it appears to be efficient, and that the resulting decrease in the information content of prices may drastically reduce welfare. We solve a macroeconomic model in which information about fundamentals is dispersed and households make small, correlated errors when forming expectations about future productivity. As information aggregates in the market, these errors amplify and crowd out the information content of stock prices. When prices reflect less information, the conditional variance of stock returns rises, causing an increase in uncertainty and costly distortions in consumption, capital accumulation, and labor supply. (JEL D14, D83, D84, E21, E22, E24, G14)
Escaping the Great Recession
Authors: Bianchi Francesco , Melosi Leonardo
Published: March 2017

We show that policy uncertainty about how the rising public debt will be stabilized accounts for the lack of deflation in the US economy at the zero lower bound. We first estimate a Markov-switching VAR to highlight that a zero-lower-bound regime captures most of the comovements during the Great Recession: a deep recession, no deflation, and large fiscal imbalances. We then show that a microfounded model that features policy uncertainty accounts for these stylized facts. Finally, we highlight that policy uncertainty arises at the zero lower bound because of a trade-off between mitigating the recession and preserving long-run macroeconomic stability. (JEL E31, E32, E52, E62, G01, H63)
Matching target dose to target organ
Authors: Bannon Desmond I. , Williams Marc A.
Published: March 2017

In vitro assays have become a mainstay of modern approaches to toxicology with the promise of replacing or reducing the number of in vivo tests required to establish benchmark doses, as well as increasing mechanistic understanding. However, matching target dose to target organ is an often overlooked aspect of in vitro assays, and the calibration of in vitro exposure against in vivo benchmark doses is often ignored, inadvertently or otherwise.  An example of this was recently published in Environmental Health Perspectives by Wagner et al (2016), where neural stems cells were used to model the molecular toxicity of lead.  On closer examination of the in vitro work, the doses used in media reflected in vivo lead doses that would be at the highest end of lead toxicity, perhaps even lethal.  Here we discuss the doses used and suggest more realistic doses for future work with stem cells or other neuronal cell lines.
An Analytical Throughput Approximation for Closed Fork/Join Networks
Authors: Sönmez Erkut , Scheller-Wolf Alan , Secomandi Nicola
Published: March 2017

Queueing networks featuring fork/join stations are natural models for a variety of computer and manufacturing systems. Unfortunately, an exact solution for a Markovian fork/join network can only be obtained by analyzing the underlying Markov chain using numerical methods, and these methods are computationally feasible only for networks with small population sizes and numbers of service stations. In this paper we present a new, simple, and accurate analytical approximation method to estimate the throughput (and other performance metrics) of a closed queueing network that features a single fork/join station receiving inputs from general subnetworks. An extensive numerical study illustrates the high accuracy of our proposed technique, especially for networks with large populations and numbers of stations. It also shows that the accuracy of our approximation method improves with increasing population size, deteriorating network balance, and increasing number of stations when the added stations weaken the network balance. Furthermore, our method has significant computational advantages compared to simulation and existing approximation techniques, the latter of which are in general less accurate than ours and in many cases even fail to provide a solution in our numerical study. We also bound analytically the relative error of our method for a broad class of networks, which provides theoretical support for some of our numerical observations.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2016.0727 .