bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPROXIMATE |∆I| = 1/2 RULE IN K → ππ DECAYS FROM ASYMPTOTIC QUARK-LINE DIAGRAM APPROACH
Authors: TERASAKI K. , ONEDA S.
Published: November 2004

Approximate |∆I| = 1/2 rule in K → ππ decays is studied from a new dynamical perspective in which quark-line diagrams should only be associated with asymptotic single-hadron matrix elements of [Formula: see text], and not with the whole amplitude. The asymptotic matrix elements of [Formula: see text] taken between ordinary [Formula: see text] mesons are found to satisfy the strict |∆I| = 1/2 rule. However, the contribution of the four-quark (QQ)[Formula: see text] type mesons leads explicitly to a small violation of the selection rule.
BOUND STATES OF RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES AND REGGE TRAJECTORIES WITHIN THE POTENTIAL APPROACH
Authors: BYKOV A. A. , MIRONOV A. D. , ROYZEN I. I.
Published: November 2004

The accuracy of potential description of bound states of relativistic particles is estimated. The rough potential for two-spinless light-quark system is suggested in the framework of the Klein-Gordon equation. The general properties of energy spectrum are outlined analytically and numerical calculations of quite realistic Regge trajectories are presented. The magnitude of spin corrections is discussed phenomenologically.
NON-STATISTICAL COMPONENT OF THE MULTIFRACTAL SPECTRAL FUNCTION
Authors: CHIU CHARLES B. , FIALKOWSKI K. , HWA RUDOLPH C.
Published: November 2004

In the multifractal analysis of multiplicity fluctuation in high energy collisions, the statistical contribution to the spectrum function f(α) is calculated using the multinomial distribution. The non-statistical component can be extracted using a subtraction scheme that is consistent with multifractality. A simple cluster model is considered for illustration.
MASSLESSNESS OF PHOTON AND CHERN-SIMONS TERM IN (2 + 1)-DIMENSIONAL QED
Authors: KOVNER A. , ROSENSTEIN B.
Published: November 2004

We study the realization of global symmetries in (2 + 1)-dimensional QED with two fermion flavors. It is shown that, in a certain range of mass parameters, the chiral symmetry [Formula: see text] and the flux symmetry Φ = ∫d2xB are both spontaneously broken, but the combination I = Q5 − sign (m)e/πΦ remains unbroken. The photon is identified with the corresponding massless excitation, which is required in this case by Goldstone theorem. An order parameter vanishes and chiral and flux symmetries are realized in the Kosterlitz-Thouless mode. Outside this range of parameters the vacuum is symmetric and simultaneously the photon's topological mass is generated. Similar symmetry breaking pattern U (1) ⊗ U (1) → U (1) is realized in Chern-Simons electrodynamics for a particular value of the bare CS-term coefficient at which the "statistical photon" becomes massless. We point out the direct correspondence of this model to the superconducting anyon gas.
A CRITICAL MATRIX MODEL AT c=1
Authors: DISTLER JACQUES , VAFA CUMRUN
Published: November 2004

By taking the critical limit of Penner’s matrix model we obtain a continuum theory whose free energy at genus-g is the Euler characteristic of moduli space of Riemann surfaces of genus-g. The exponents, and the appearance of logarithmic corrections suggest that we are dealing with a theory at c=1.
CONSTRAINTS ON HIGHER KAC-MOODY LEVEL STANDARD-LIKE MODELS FROM RENORMALIZATION GROUP EQUATIONS
Authors: VAYONAKIS C.E.
Published: November 2004

We examine the renormalization group equations for the standard model interactions realized at higher Kac-Moody levels, as derived from superstring theories. We try to find constraints on these levels, considering both perturbative and non-perturbative unification.
FERMIONS IN THE TOPOLOGICAL EXPANSION OF MATRIX MODELS
Authors: FERRETTI G.
Published: November 2004

The hermitian matrix model with quartic interaction is studied in presence of fermionic variables. We obtain the contribution to the free energy due to the presence of fermions. The first two terms beyond the planar limit are explicitly found for all values of the coupling constant g. These terms represent the solution of the counting problem for vacuum diagrams with one or two fermionic loops.
UNITARY REPRESENTATIONS OF TWISTED N = 4 SUPERCONFORMAL ALGEBRAS
Authors: VANDOREN S.
Published: November 2004

We discuss a class of twisted N = 4 superconformal algebras, containing an SU (2) ⊕ SU (2) ⊕ U (1) Kac–Moody subalgebra. We construct the spectral flow which relates different boundary conditions corresponding to this twisted algebras. A general formula for the unitary highest weight representations is derived. For the central charge of the Virasoro c = 3, we verify this formula using an explicit realization.
GENERALIZED SINE–GORDON THEORY AND PERTURBED SL(2)k WZNW MODEL
Authors: ZHANG YAO-ZHONG
Published: November 2004

We present and study a new integrable model which is an interacting system of (β, γ) fields and a boson and describes the SL (2)k WZNW model perturbed by an analog of the (1, 3) operator. The theory (which we refer to as generalized sine–Gordon theory) turns out to possess an underlying BRST symmetry. The linear system for the new model is defined in terms of Kac–Moody algebra and classical r-matrix is found. We also work out the general classical solution to this model.
COSMIC STRINGS IN THE SUN?
Authors: WANG JIN
Published: November 2004

We apply Chudnovsky and Vilenkin's idea1 of the possible existence of cosmic strings in the sun. We did the stellar evolution calculation for one solar mass star with solar age (that is, sun). Stellar evolution with cosmic strings at solar age gives us radius and luminosity of the star which are in contradiction with observation.
ON THE QUANTIZATION OF FIELD THEORIES WITH SECOND CLASS CONSTRAINTS
Authors: GIANVITTORIO R. , RESTUCCIA A. , STEPHANY J.
Published: November 2004

The quantization of a class of dynamical systems subject to second class constraints that allows an analysis in terms of associated gauge theories with first class constraints is discussed. The comparison with early approaches is done. The approach is applied to the self-dual formulation of spin one massive excitations in 3 dimensions. The quantum equivalence to the corresponding gauge invariant Chern–Simons topological massive model is analyzed.
LIMITATIONS ON THE STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF BLACK HOLES
Authors: PRESKILL JOHN , SCHWARZ PATRICIA , SHAPERE ALFRED , TRIVEDI SANDIP , WILCZEK FRANK
Published: November 2004

We argue that the description of a block hole as a statistical (thermal) object must break down as the extreme (zero-temperature) limit is a approached, due to uncontrollable thermodynamic fluctuatations. For the recently discovered charged black holes, the analysis is significantly different, but again indicates that a statistical decription of the extreme hole is inappropriate. These holes invite a more normal elementary particle interpretation than is possible for Reissner-Nordström hole.
BOSE-FERMI TRANSMUTATION 2+1 DIMENSIONS: EFFECT OF SELF-INTERACTIONS AND THE MAXWELL TERM
Authors: SHANKAR R. , SIVAKUMAR M.
Published: November 2004

We show the partition function of self-interacting charged scalar fields coupled with Abelian gauge fields governed by Maxwell-Chern-Simons action is equivalent in the long-wavelength approximation to that of a massive four-Fermi theory. The coupling constants and mass of the fermionic theory is explicitly related to those of the bosonic theory. The gauge invariant charged scalar current is shown to be transmuted to fermion current. The physical mass of the fermion is computed at the mean field level and shown to be finite at large self-coupling.
APPROACH TO QUASI-RESONANT PROCESSES
Authors: DOROBANTU V. , HATEGAN C.
Published: November 2004

An approach to quasi-resonant processes is presented, by developing a method of generalized reduced (K)- and collision-matrices. It is proved that a single channel resonance can induce, via direct interaction coupling, quasi-resonant structures in competing reaction channels. The magnitude of the quasi-resonant process is proportional both to strengths of single channel resonance and of direct coupling. A direct compression of the quasi-resonance's width is evidenced. Its width is smaller than the width of originating single channel resonance.
BINDING ENERGIES IN WEAKLY COUPLED (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES
Authors: GAT G. , ROSENSTEIN B.
Published: November 2004

We calculate the binding energy of the two-particle threshold bound state in the (2+1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model. This model was recently shown to be renormalizable within the 1/N expansion. The binding energy is found to be ΔE=4mc-8Nf where m is the mass of the elementary fermion and Nf is the number of flavors. The general question of consistency of the perturbation theory within the framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equation is discussed.
ON CANONICAL q-TRANSFORMATIONS WITH TWO q-OSCILLATORS
Authors: GANGOPADHYAY DEBASHIS
Published: November 2004

Transformations resembling canonical q-transformations with two bosonic q-oscillators are described. Harmonic oscillator realizations of these transformations are also obtained.
FRACTIONAL CHARGE IN 1+1, 2+1 AND 3+1 DIMENSIONS
Authors: CORDOVA NICOLAS J.
Published: November 2004

Fractional charge is analyzed in models containing massive fermions interacting with topologically non-trivial background fields in 1+1, 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions. It is found that the induced vacuum fermionic charge depends discontinuously on the fermion mass, when scalar interactions are involved.
AUTOMORPHISM FIXED POINTS AND EXCEPTIONAL MODULAR INVARIANTS
Authors: FONT ANAMARÍA
Published: November 2004

Exceptional modular invariants for Kac–Moody algebras are obtained systematically by exploiting the relation with the fixed point conformal field theory.
QUANTUM BLACK HOLES, STRINGS AND σ-MODELS AT θ=π: HAWKING QUANTUM EVAPORATION AS WORLD-SHEET RG-FLOW
Authors: KOGAN IAN I.
Published: November 2004

We discuss the quantum black holes and even more generally the problem of quantum horizons in string theory. A toy model for quantum horizon is the two-dimensional O(3) σ-model. Using the interpretation of time as zero mode of conformal factor of world-sheet metric (Liouville field) the possible equivalence between two-dimensional renormalization group equations and Hawking quantum evaporation formula is found. The infrared fixed points of two-dimensional renormalization group corresponds to final state of the quantum black hole. Using conjecture that such a fixed points are described by σ-models with θ=π we suggest the axionic black holes as possible candidates to final (meta)stable states of black holes. The corresponding renormalization group picture are similar to the quantum Hall effect.
HEAVY MESONS IN CHARGE SPIN MODEL
Authors: NAKAMURA SEITARO
Published: November 2004

In order to understand the dynamical reasons of the multiplet structures and the selection rules of the interactions of particles, instead of the standard quark model, we extend the idea of ‘global symmetry’ in the 4-dimensional Euclidean space and introduced two charge spin operators, τ (isospin) and ζ (hypercharge spin), and classified leptons as well as baryons and mesons. Further, we introduce, in the same 4-dimensional Euclidean space, the second charge spins, H (isospin-like) and U (hypercharge spin-like) in order to include heavy mesons, J/ψ, D, ϒ and B. By space reflection in this space, we have to interchange: [Formula: see text] To heavy lepton tau (τ) we need a complementary partner, say sigma (σ), for the sake of space reflection symmetry in this space: [Formula: see text]

Selection rules and branching ratio problems for the weak interactions of heavy mesons were analyzed in this scheme and satisfactory results were obtained which could not easily be obtained in the standard quark model.
AMBIGUITIES AND BRST ANOMALIES IN 4D HETEROTIC STRING THEORIES
Authors: YAMAGUCHI MASAHIRO , ONOGI TETSUYA , ICHINOSE IKUO
Published: November 2004

Ambiguity and BRST anomaly which appear in the string higher-loop calculation are studied in 4-dimensional heterotic string theory. In particular, we intensively investigate the models with an anomalous U(1) gauge group, and show that the possible ambiguities (A-B mixing, U(1) D-term tadpole etc.) are made to vanish by suitable field redefinition within a class of gauge slices satisfying the factorization hypothesis. Subtlety of massless three point amplitudes is clarified. We also extend the factorization hypothesis to the case of fermion amplitudes and study the ambiguities in them. We illustrate that the vertex operator correction which is consistent to the loop corrected Dirac equation indeed guarantees the absence of the ambiguity.
THE DEPENDENCE OF THE TEMPORAL GAUGE GREEN FUNCTIONS ON THE GAUGE-FIXING VECTORS THROUGH BRS SYMMETRY
Authors: BAGAN E. , MARTIN C.P.
Published: November 2004

The UV-divergent part of the one-loop contribution to the vacuum polarization tensor [Formula: see text] is shown to satisfy the BRS identities governing its dependence on the time-like vector n and the auxiliary space-like vector n′ introduced by the generalized Leibbrandt-Mandelstam (LM) prescription. As far as we know the BRS identity for the n′ dependence cannot be obtained within the pragmatic approach to the LM prescription. In order to circumvent the problem the LM prescription is incorporated into a BRS-invariant action. The BRS identity for n′ provides an example of a situation where terms of order η combine with loop integrals that are singular as η→0 yielding a finite contribution.
ON THE WESS-ZUMINO TERM FOR A GENERAL ANOMALOUS GAUGE THEORY WITH SECOND CLASS CONSTRAINTS
Authors: WOTZASEK C.
Published: November 2004

We proposed an algorithm to modify anomalous gauge theories by inserting new degrees of freedom in the system which transforms the constraints from second to first class. We illustrate this technique working out the cases of a massive vector boson field and the chiral Schwinger model.
EFFECTIVE ACTIONS FOR GAUGE THEORIES WITH CHERN-SIMONS TERMS-I
Authors: BAMBAH B.A. , MUKKU C.
Published: November 2004

The effective Lagrangian for a three-dimensional gauge theory with a Chern-Simons term is evaluated up to one-loop effects. It is shown to be completely finite. It also does not exhibit any imaginary part. The calculation is carried out in a background field analogue of the Feynman gauge and gauge invariance is maintained throughout the calculation. In the appendix, an argument is presented as to why this Feynman gauge may be a “good” gauge for our results to be applied to high temperature QCD and in particular to the quark-gluon plasma.
NON RENORMALIZATION THEOREM IN BOSONIZED N STRING FORMALISM
Authors: NYKÄNEN E.
Published: November 2004

We examine the nonrenormalization theorem in one and two loops using the bosonized N string formalism.
NONLINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ON HOMOGENEOUS SPACES
Authors: GÜRSES M. , OǦUZ Ö. , SALIHOǦLU S.
Published: November 2004

The work of A.K.N.S. which is based on the sl(2, R) valued soliton connection is extended to obtain new integrable coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. This is achieved by assuming the soliton connection having values in a simple Lie, Kac-Moody, Lie superalgebras. Extensions of some of the integrable nonlinear partial differential equations are given explicitly. In particular the coupled NLS equations on various homogeneous spaces and the coupled modified KdV integro-differential equations are obtained on symmetric spaces.
PARITY AND TIME REVERSAL VIOLATION IN RESONANCE NEUTRON TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS WITH POLARIZED TARGETS
Authors: GOULD C. R. , HAASE D. G. , ROBERSON N. R. , POSTMA H. , BOWMAN J. D.
Published: November 2004

The formalism for evaluating parity and time reversal violating terms in total cross sections of polarized targets and low energy resonance neutrons is reviewed. A complete set of symmetry violating terms (P-odd, T-even; P-odd, T-odd; and P-even, T-odd) is obtained by analyzing the dependence of the cross section on the statistical tensors describing the beam and target. Results are tabulated in numerical and closed analytic form, using the j-spin representation. P-odd, T-even experiments are classified, with emphasis on experiments with an unpolarized beam and a polarized target where the effect of induced polarization is found to be small. Different combinations of partial neutron widths are shown to enter when P-odd, T-odd effects are compared to P-odd, T-even effects. The results for P-even, T-odd experiments for single level and two level mixing are summarized.
CHAOTIC INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE AND THE ANISOTROPY OF THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE
Authors: CHIBISOV G. V. , SHTANOV YU. V.
Published: November 2004

In frames of the chaotic inflation scenario the influence of the inhomogeneity of the inflationary universe on the primordial fluctuations spectrum is investigated. The phenomenon of the anisotropy of the observed large-scale structure is predicted. In particular this means that the two-point correlation function ξ(x) is anisotropic. An expected value of the anisotropy is about 10%. The observation of the anisotropy predicted could serve as confirmation to the chaotic inflation scenario.
ON-SHELL THREE-STRING AMPLITUDES AND THE STRUCTURE CONSTANTS OF THE MONSTER LIE ALGEBRA
Authors: NERGIZ SERDAR , SACLIOḠLU CIHAN
Published: November 2004

We present the explicit commutator algebra of integrated vertex operators for all states of the bosonic string in 26 dimensions. When the momenta belong to the unique even self-dual lattice Π25,1, this is the Monster Lie algebra M∞ of Borcherds, Conway, Queen and Sloane, containing all other rank 26 Lorentzian algebras. In a string theory process 1 + 2 → 3, the on-shell momenta q1, q2 and q3 are necessarily restricted to an even lattice L in R25,1 as a result of the fact that [Formula: see text]; hence Lorentzian algebras such as M∞ may be expected to be of direct relevance to string theory. We formulate and verify up to the fourth mass-level [Formula: see text] the conjecture that the on-shell amplitude A(1 + 2 → 3) and the structure constant f123 of M∞ are identical. We briefly compare the implication that space-time may have an underlying discrete structure corresponding to Π25,1 with similar recent suggestions by Klebanov and Susskind, Polchinski and others.
EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIANS FOR p-BRANES
Authors: AMORIM R. , BARCELOS-NETO J.
Published: November 2004

We analyze semiclassical aspects of p-branes related to the obtainment of effective Lagrangians by means of the constrained path integral formalism.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL AMPLITUDES IN THE N=4 SUPER YANG-MILLS THEORY
Authors: HELAYEL-NETO J.A. , SMITH A. WILLIAM , RAJPOOT SUBHASH
Published: November 2004

Using the N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory softly broken by supersymmetric N=1 mass terms for the matter superfields, we compute the one-loop chiral+chiral→antichiral+antichiral scattering amplitude directly in superspace. By suitable choices of the mass parameters, one can endow the model with a hierarchy of light and heavy particles, and the decoupling of the heavy sector from the light-light physical amplitude is studied. We also analyze the high-energy limit of the cross-section for a two physical scalar scattering and find a (logs) behavior, which then respects the Froissart bound.
SOLITONS ON A FINITE-GAP BACKGROUND IN BULLOUGH-DODD-JIBER-SHABAT MODEL
Authors: CHERDANTZEV I. YU. , SHARIPOV R.A.
Published: November 2004

The determinant formula for N-soliton solutions of the Bullough-Dodd-Jiber-Shabat equation on a finite-gap background is obtained. Nonsingularity conditions for them and their asymptotics are investigated.
THE FUNCTIONAL INTEGRAL ON THE HALF-LINE
Authors: FARHI EDWARD , GUTMANN SAM
Published: November 2004

A quantum Hamiltonian, defined on the half-line, will typically not lead to unitary time evolution unless the domain of the Hamiltonian is carefully specified. Different choices of the domain result in different Green’s functions. For a wide class of non-relativistic Hamiltonians we show how to define the functional integral on the half-line in a way which matches the various Green’s functions. To do so we analytically continue, in time, functional integrals constructed with real measures that give weight to paths on the half-line according to how much time they spend near the origin.
DUALITY OF RCFT AND INTEGRABILITY
Authors: VALTANCOLI PAOLO
Published: November 2004

The relation between duality and quantum groups is discussed. The fusion matrix of the SU(2) WZW model is explicitly computed in terms of a quantum group 6j-symbol and a normalization factor. The commutators of charge screening operators are computed, resulting in a deformation of SU (2)q algebra.
ELECTROWEAK MAGNETISM: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: AMBJØRN J. , OLESEN P.
Published: November 2004

The classical electroweak theory is unstable for magnetic fields H satisfying [Formula: see text], mw being the W mass. We discuss the origin of this instability and the peculiar anti-screening property of the W-condensate formed. The anti-screening is closely related to the asymptotic freedom of the SU (2)w-fields. Assuming that the Higgs mass mh>mw there will be a restoration of SU (2)w× U y(1) symmetry for [Formula: see text]. By using Bogomol’nyi’s method in the special case where the mass of the Z-particle mz=mh we can find static magnetic solutions with a vacuum condensate of W- and Z-bosons. This class of non-perturbative solutions interpolate between the constant magnetic field in the broken phase [Formula: see text] and a constant U y(1) field in the symmetric phase [Formula: see text]. The consequences of this magnetic instability are discussed in the cases of superconducting cosmic strings, high temperatures (the early universe) and high energy collisions.
GEOMETRY AND QUANTIZATION OF TOPOLOGICAL GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: BIRMINGHAM DANNY , BLAU MATTHIAS , THOMPSON GEORGE
Published: November 2004

A general method for constructing interesting topological gauge theories in arbitrary dimensions is presented. The basic framework upon which these models are built is given by the geometrical data of the "universal bundle with connection" of Atiyah and Singer. The models considered include theories which represent the moduli spaces of flat connections and solutions to the Yang-Mills equations. The former theories correspond to supersymmetric versions of the recently introduced BF systems. In all cases we show explicitly that the quantization can be carried out through the construction of an off-shell nilpotent BRST operator, thus guaranteeing the metric independence of these models.
ON THE UNITARITY OF STRING PROPAGATION ON SU(1,1)
Authors: MOHAMMEDI NOUREDDINE
Published: November 2004

We discuss the consistency (unitarity) of string propagation on the non-compact group SU (1,1)×G, and find the restriction on the level of the Kac-Moody algebra for this propagation to be unitary. We also suggest some modifications to the Virasoro generators and obtain a manifestly unitary string theory.
ISING MODEL ON A SELF-DUAL 3-6 LATTICE
Authors: CHAO N. C. , LEE FELIX J. , LIN K. Y.
Published: November 2004

We consider the Ising model on a self-dual 3-6 lattice with six interaction parameters which includes the rectangular lattice as a special case. Depending on the signs and magnitudes of the interactions, the model has either a unique critical temperature or no phase transition. In the special case where all six interactions are the same, the unique critical temperature is identical with (different from) the one of the square lattice Ising model with the same ferromagnetic (antiferromagnetic) interaction.
SURFACE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF HAEMATITE
Authors: BURSILL L. A. , PENG JULIN , FAN XUDONG
Published: November 2004

The surface crystallography of haematite (α- Fe 2 O 3) has been investigated for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], {0006} and [Formula: see text] facets using atomic resolution surface profile imaging and computer-simulated image-matching. A remarkable variety of surface depolarizing mechanisms was observed, which included monolayer relaxation and reconstruction, as well as oriented overgrowth with monolayer compound formation and essentially electronic transitions without significant atomic displacements. These mechanisms were found to apply with different emphasis for different facets.

The structural results are discussed in terms of surface depolarization including doublelayer and electronic mechanisms, coherency strains for monolayer compound formation of spinel-type structure onto haematite, electron-induced and chemical oxygen desorption mechanisms. Comparisons of haematite and sapphire surface crystallographies have been included in the discussion.
ITERATED PATH INTEGRALS REALIZATION OF QUANTUM VORTEX CURRENTS: CONSTRUCTION OF THE TOPOLOGICAL INVARIANTS
Authors: PENNA VITTORIO , RASETTI MARIO , SPERA MAURO
Published: November 2004

Resorting to the notions of iterated path integrals and generalized connections which appear in K.T. Chen’s theory, it is shown how the current algebra arising in the framework of the Rasetti and Regge theory of quantum vortices—that is known to coincide with the hamiltonian algebra pertaining to a certain coadjoint orbit of the group of measure-preserving diffeomorphisms of the fluid ambient space—allows the complete reconstruction of the topology of the link supporting the vorticity field. It is thus proved the conjecture that the set of topological invariants for such link, which are represented by the central elements of the subgroups of the lower central series for its fundamental group, are among the Casimir operators of the current algebra, i.e. the constants of motion of the vortex system.
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF RADIATION DISORDERED OXIDE BaNb4O6
Authors: DAVYDOV S.A. , GOSHCHITSKII B.N. , KARKIN A.E. , MIRMELSTEIN A.V. , VORONIN V.I. , PARKHOMENKO V.D. , ZUBKOV V.G. , PERELYAEV V.N. , BERGER I.F. , KONTZEVAYA I.A.
Published: November 2004

The effect of radiation disorder on the electrical resistivity of the metallic non-superconducting BaNb 4 O 6 oxide has been investigated. It is shown that variation of electrical resistivity ρ of this compound under disorder is typical of metallic systems, i.e. residual resistivity increases linearly with defect concentration while the temperature dependence of ρ changes slightly. Such a behavior qualitatively differs from the previously observed unusual behavior of HTSC with similar crystal structure.
FRACTAL FORMS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Authors: WEST BRUCE J.
Published: November 2004

The natural variability in physiological structure is herein related to the geometric concept of a fractal. The average dimensions of the branches in the tracheobronchial tree, long thought to be exponential, are shown to be an inverse power law of the generation number modulated by a harmonic variation. A similar functional form is found for the power spectrum of the QRS-complex of the healthy human heart. These results follow from the assumption that the bronchial tree and the cardiac conduction system are fractal forms. The fractal concept provides a mechanism for the morphogenesis of complex structures which are more stable than those generated by classical scaling (i.e., they are more error tolerant).
INTERMEDIATE VALENCE IN Sm1−xLaxSe ALLOYS: X-RAY ABSORPTION AND LATTICE PARAMETER STUDIES
Authors: SINGHAL R.K. , CHANDRA U. , GARG K.B. , JAIN D.C. , CHAUHAN H.S.
Published: November 2004

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements on LIII absorption edge of Sm are employed to study the intermediate valence in Sm 1−x La x Se (x=0.08, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.25) alloys wherein the substitution of the trivalent cation, La 3a+, for Sm 2+ drives the latter to a higher valence state from divalent towards trivalent in the SmSe lattice. Two absorption peaks corresponding to two different valent states of Sm provide direct evidence for intermediate valence of Sm in these alloys. The split white lines at the L III edge of Sm are used to determine the Sm mean valence in the alloys. Average valence data deduced from Sm L III edge XANES shows a continuous valence transition with increasing La concentration. Lattice parameters for these alloys measured by XRD also show a regular decrease with La concentration showing an agreement with the XANES results.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON TUNNELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR INCLUDING INELASTIC SCATTERING
Authors: CAI W. , ZHENG T.F. , HU P. , LAX M.
Published: November 2004

We propose two approaches to study the electron tunneling including inelastic scattering. Our calculation shows some interesting inelastic-scattering-assisted resonances in tunneling.
FINITE TEMPERATURE LINEAR RESPONSE THEORY OF ANYONIC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Authors: GEORGELIN Y. , KNECHT M. , LEBLANC Y. , WALLET J.C.
Published: November 2004

We extend a zero temperature non-relativistic anyonic superconductivity model to the finite temperature case. Making use of the finite temperature linear response theory, we calculate temperature corrections to various parameters of zero temperature superconductivity such as the London penetration depth, the acoustic phonon velocity and the coherence length. These results are qualitatively compared to known experimental results. Our results are expected to be valid in the low temperature regime.
POWER LAW DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIC FORCE VS. DISTANCE FOR A Y-Ba-Cu-O SUPERCONDUCTOR
Authors: HECKING P. , BACON M.
Published: November 2004

The repulsive force between a magnet and a superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O disk has been measured as a function of the distance with emphasis on the exponent for F∝dn. Two experimental protocols have been used: Initial application of field with subsequent transition to the superconducting state and vice versa. Several theoretical models are discussed in an attempt to explain the results.
TUNNELING ESCAPE TIME OF ELECTRONS FROM A PARABOLIC QUANTUM WELL IN DOUBLE BARRIER HETEROSTRUCTURES
Authors: CRUZ H. , HERŃANDEZ-CABRERA A. , MUÑOZ A.
Published: November 2004

We have calculated tunneling escape time of electrons from a compositionally graded parabolic quantum well under an external electric field using a method of calculation based on Airy functions and the transfer matrix approach. It is found that tunneling escape time decreases exponentially with decreasing barrier thickness.
LOCAL POTENTIAL IN MESOSCOPIC SYSTEMS
Authors: LI QIN
Published: November 2004

The current understanding of the local potential distribution in mesoscopic systems is reviewed. The result in a quantum wire in a weak magnetic field is also presented.
THE DESTABILIZATION OF ZHANG-RICE SINGLET DUE TO THE p-p-TRANSFER IN COPPER OXIDES
Authors: OVCHINNIKOV S.G.
Published: November 2004

An exact diagonalization of the CuO 4 cluster multielectron Hamiltonian is carried out in the atomic limit U d =U p =∞. The Zhang-Rice spin singlet state of two holes becomes unstable when t pp is growing due to crossover with a spin triplet state. It results in a multiband electronic structure of copper oxides.
CORRELATION AMONG THE ELECTRONIC STATE IN Sn-DOPED YBCO SYSTEM
Authors: ZHANG H. , FENG S.Q. , FENG Q.R. , ZHU X.
Published: November 2004

We have performed an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation on single-phase samples of Sn -doped YBCO system, together with structure analysis, oxygen content analysis, and superconductivity measurements. The experiment gave evidence that there is a strong correlation between the electronic states of copper and oxygen. When the sample was heated to 600°C for 20 minutes in vacuum chamber, the oxygen escaped from the sample, the binding energy of Cu 2p was decreased, and the two indistinct components of O 1s became clear. Keeping the sample in ultra-high vacuum for 24 hours, a similar result was obtained.
SUPERSYMMETRICAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND STABILITY OF DENSITY MODULATED STATE
Authors: MARKELOV A. V.
Published: November 2004

In this letter we study supersymmetrical transformations and apply them to the calculation of the region of stability of the density-modulated state in the framework of t - J model. Region of stability of this state is shown to be J > t for doping concentration nb = 1/3.
MICROWAVE ABSORPTION STUDIES ON HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS AND RELATED MATERIALS III: Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Y2Ba1Cu1O5 and Gd2Ba1Cu1O5
Authors: SUGAWARA K. , BAAR D. J. , SHIOHARA Y. , TANAKA S.
Published: November 2004

The ESR of Cu 2+ and Gd 3+ ion in Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 and Gd 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 has been studied at temperatures from 4 K to room temperature. Particular emphasis has been paid to the ESR linewidths (∆H PP ) and g-values of the ions. The ∆H PP and g-values for Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 were found to have anomalous increments near 15 K, close to the Néel temperature of Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5. Similarly, ∆H PP for Gd 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 had peaks near 12 K. Our analysis reveals that the ESR signal from Gd 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 is dominated by the Gd 3+ ESR. However, the magnetic ordering may be caused by both Gd-Gd and Gd-Cu interactions.
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM WIGNER CRYSTAL
Authors: GOLDMAN VLADIMIR J.
Published: November 2004

I review recently reported observations of an electric field threshold conduction and of the related ac voltage ("broadband noise") generation in low-disorder two-dimensional electron systems in extreme magnetic quantum limit. These phenomena are interpreted as direct evidence for formation of a pinned quantum Wigner crystal. Wigner crystal melting phase diagram as a function of filling factor ν was determined from the disappearance of the threshold behavior at higher temperatures. The solid phase was found to be reentrant in that it is observed to be interrupted by the ν = 1/5 fractional quantum Hall state.
AN IMPROVED STRUCTURAL APPROACH FOR AUTOMATED RECOGNITION OF HANDPRINTED CHARACTERS
Authors: WANG PATRICK SHEN-PEI , GUPTA AMAR
Published: November 2004

This paper examines several line-drawing pattern recognition methods for handwritten character recognition. They are the picture descriptive language (PDL), Berthod and Maroy (BM), extended Freeman's chain code (EFC), error transformation (ET), tree grammar (TG), and array grammar (AG) methods. A new character recognition scheme that uses improved extended octal codes as primitives is introduced. This scheme offers the advantages of handling flexible sizes, orientations, and variations, the need for fewer learning samples, and lower degree of ambiguity. Finally, the simulation of off-line character recognition by the real-time on-line counterpart is investigated.
AN ASSSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF NEURAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGY ON AUTOMATIC ACTIVE SONAR CLASSIFIER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: HALEY THOMAS B.
Published: November 2004

We have spent the last several years investigating likely roles for neural network technology in the automatic active underwater sonar classifier development process, including exploration of both the improvement of in-service sonar systems and the creation of new ones. Currently, numerous classifier studies place emphasis on comparing class distinction performance figures of neural networks to those of traditional classifiers. We find that, for active sonar classifiers, this approach provides an incomplete and sometimes misleading assessment of the value of neural network technology. It is demonstrated that it is meaningful to divide the classifier development process into its phases and evaluate the influence that the neural network approach has on each phase. Conclusions are drawn on the potential impact of neural network technology on the active sonar classifier development field, which may help provide motivation for areas of future research.
AN INEXACT REASONING ALGORITHM FOR DEALING WITH INEXACT KNOWLEDGE
Authors: CHEN SHYI-MING , KE JYH-SHENG , CHANG JIN-FU
Published: November 2004

This paper presents an efficient algorithm to deal with inexact reasoning, where fuzzy production rules are used for knowledge representation and these rules are represented by an augmented fuzzy rule matrix F. The algorithm performs inexact reasoning via repeated transformations of augmented truth state vectors by the transitive closure Q of the augmented fuzzy rule matrix F. Given the truth values of some conditions, the algorithm can perform inexact reasoning to evaluate the truth values of other conditions automatically. The time complexity of the algorithm is 0(k(m+k)2), where m is the number of conditions and k is the number of compound conditions appearing in the antecedent portion of the fuzzy production rules.
COMPUTING THE UNION OF 3-COLORED TRIANGLES
Authors: BOISSONNAT JEAN-DANIEL , DEVILLERS OLIVER , PREPARATA FRANCO P.
Published: November 2004

Given is a set S of n points, each colored with one of k≥3 colours. We say that a triangle defined by three points of S is 3-colored if its vertices have distinct colours. We prove in this paper that the problem of constructing the boundary of the union T(S) of all such 3-colored triangles can be done in optimal O(n log n) time.
A METHOD FOR GENERATING VOLUMETRIC FEATURES FROM SURFACE FEATURES
Authors: DONG XIN , WOZNY MICHAEL J.
Published: November 2004

Form features may be represented both as faces and as volumes. Feature volumes are necessary in automated process planning for relating a feature to the extent of material to be removed from a part, and for capturing the global characteristics of a part, such as tool accessibility. In this paper, a method will be presented for generating a feature volume from a set of feature faces, based on the technique of face extension. The implementation is currently limited to polyhedral parts. Examples will be given to illustrate the algorithm.
Technological progress in history: a survey of evolution and shift of research emphasis from ‘hard-tech’ to ‘soft-tech’ development
Authors: Zhouying Jin
Published: November 2004

Technological progress has been a major factor behind contemporary socio-economic development and the rapid pace of globalization. As such, it has transformed the conventional ways in which such concepts as country, enterprise, government, knowledge, work, and even science have been
understood. It has also brought to light the distinction between the hardware and software aspects of technology and the increasing significance of the latter. This paper discusses how the evolution of technology has culminated in a shift of emphasis in research and development from hard to
soft technologies. Changes in technology paradigms have brought about changing views about technological competitiveness, technological innovation systems and strategies for sustainable development. After briefly characterizing contemporary popular notions of technology, this paper puts forward
the case for a broader view of technology. The complementary roles of ‘hard technology’ (which is machine or product-centred) and ‘soft technology’ (which is essentially human-centred) are emphasized. The paper argues that soft technology has historically played a critical
role in social and economic development, even though it might not have been recognized as such.
Desiring resistance in the age of globalization
Authors: Furuhata Yuriko
Published: November 2004

The aim of this article is to explore the theoretical implications of the popularity of the South Korean film Shiri (1999) and that of the academic bestseller, Empire (2000) in thinking through the concept of ‘resistance’. Though different in their respective media
and discursive fields, both texts display a symptomatic denouncement and recuperation of the humanist discourse of ‘resistance’ in the age of globalization and metanarrative criticism. What is at stake, it is argued, is the collective, political fantasy of becoming what Michael
Warner calls ‘the mass subject’. The operation these two texts perform is to give the consuming mass subjects the thrill of imminent revolution, accompanied by the spectacular destruction of the social order, all the while maintaining the basic tenet of humanist belief: the solidarity
with fellow ‘human’ beings.
The Launch of IREN, Europe’s new International Radio Research Network
Authors: Lewis Peter
Published: November 2004

IREN is funded by the European Commission for two and a half years by which time it will have set up an association to continue the work of coordination and support across Europe. Its existence will, its founders hope, encourage the development of radio groups and networks where none
as yet exist, and in particular give support and encouragement to academics whose work is isolated and receives little institutional support. Younger researchers and academics from the new EU member countries will be especially encouraged.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lacey Kate , Dahlén Peter , O’Neill Brian
Published: November 2004

Listening In: Radio and the American Imagination from Amos ‘n’ Andy and Edward R. Murrow to Wolfman Jack and Howard Stern, Susan J. Douglas (2004) . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 415 pp., ISBN 0-8166-4423-3 (pbk), $19.95

Elvis:
A Radio History from 1945 to 1955, Aaron Webster (2003) . Plano, TX: Republic of Texas Press, 248 pp., ISBN 1556229437 (pbk), $18.95

Radio Reader: Essays in the Cultural History of Radio, Michele Hilmes and Jason Loviglio (eds), (2002) . London and New York:
Routledge, 569 pp., ISBN 0-415-92821-4 (pbk), $31.95
Suicidality and Bereavement: Complicated Grief as Psychiatric Disorder Presenting Greatest Risk for Suicidality
Authors: Latham Amy E. , Prigerson Holly G.
Published: November 2004

The influence of complicated grief (CG) on suicidality among bereaved adults was examined. The Yale Evaluation of Suicidality scale and the Inventory of Complicated Grief‐Revised were administered to 309 bereaved adults in face‐to‐face interviews conducted at baseline (6.2 months post‐loss) and at follow‐up (10.8 months post‐loss). Cross‐sectionally, CG was associated with a 6.58 (95% CI: 1.74–18.0) times greater likelihood of “high suicidality” at baseline, and an 11.30 (95% CI: 3.33–38.10) times greater risk of high suicidality at follow‐up, after controlling for gender, race, major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social support. Longitudinally, CG at baseline was associated with an 8.21 (95% CI: 2.49–27.0) times greater likelihood of high suicidality at follow‐up, controlling for the above confounders. The study results indicate that CG substantially heightened the risk of suicidality after controlling for important confounders such as MDD and PTSD, suggesting that CG poses an independent psychiatric risk for suicidal thoughts and actions.
The Effect of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks on Suicide and Deliberate Self‐Harm: A Time Trend Study
Authors: de Lange Aart W. , Neeleman Jan
Published: November 2004

Suicide rates may be affected by world news. Our objective was to investigate the possible impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on suicidal behavior in the Netherlands. There was evidence of an increase in rates of suicide and deliberate self‐harm in the weeks immediately following the attacks. These findings contrast with Durkheim's (1897) original suggestion that suicide rates decline in times of war and outside threat but are in line with findings of increases in suicidal behavior after media coverage of lethal violence.
Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology
Authors: Gudeman Stephen
Published: November 2004

Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology. Brooke Larson and Olivia Harris. eds., with Enrique Tandeter. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995 428 pp.
Current Topics in Primate Vocal Communication
Authors: Brown Charles H.
Published: November 2004

Current Topics in Primate Vocal Communication. Elke Zimmermann. John D. Newman. and Uwe Jürgens. eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. 286 pp.
The Others: How Animals Made Us Human
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth Atwood
Published: November 2004

The Others: How Animals Made Us Human. Paul Shepard. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996. 374 pp.
The Limits of Settlement Growth: A Theoretical Outline
Authors: Wright Rita P.
Published: November 2004

The Limits of Settlement Growth:. Theoretical Outline. Roland Fletcher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.276 pp.
Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology
Authors: Dietler Michael
Published: November 2004

Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology. Philip L. Kohl and Clare Fawcett. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 329 pp.
Encomienda Politics in Early Colonial Guatemala, 1524‐1544: Dividing the Spoils
Authors: Carmack Robert M.
Published: November 2004

Encomienda Politics in Early Colonial Guatemala, 1524‐1544: Dividing the Spoils. Wendy Kramer. Dellplain Latin American Studies, 31. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. 293 pp.
Parallel Worlds: An Anthropologist and a Writer Encounter Africa
Authors: Olupona Jacob K.
Published: November 2004

Parallel Worlds: An Anthropologist and. Writer Encounter Africa. Alma Gottlieb and Philip Graham. New York: Crown Publishers, 1993. 348 pp.
Knowing Music, Making Music: Javanese Gamelan and the Theory of Musical Competence and Interaction
Authors: Sutton R. Anderson
Published: November 2004

Knowing Music, Making Music: Javanese Gamelan and the Theory of Musical Competence and Interaction. Benjamin Brinner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. 363 pp.
Getting Married in Korea: Of Gender, Morality, and Modernity
Authors: Lett Denise Potrzeba
Published: November 2004

Getting Married in Korea: Of Gender, Morality, and Modernity. Laurel Kendall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. 259 pp.
Cognizing “Cognized Models”
Authors: Wolf Eric R.
Published: November 2004

In his later work Rappaport acknowledged that his earlier efforts had overemphasized organic and ecological functions in the explanation of cultural phenomena. He then distanced himself from both idealism and reductive materialism and set out to understand the complexities of cultural understandings and ritual. Specifically, he shifted from functionalism to formalism in an effort to understand ritual and its language in relation to cultural norms. Ultimately his analysis was implicitly structural, understanding the part as a constituent of an overarching arrangement and in terms of what Althusser would have called “structural causality.” Although his work benefited from this shift from function to structure, Rappaport did not use it to explore the political dimension. However, a holistic ecology such as the one Rappaport essayed must ultimately embrace both political ecology and historical ecology, [cognized models, ritual, political ecology, structural causality‐]
Learning to Be Smart: An Exploration of the Culture of Intelligence in a Canadian Inuit Community
Authors: Stern Pamela R.
Published: November 2004

The understanding of intelligence and cognitive functioning of culturally diverse peoples has long been an interest of social scientists. It has also long been recognized that environmental factors and cultural values affect both perceptual abilities and the display of cognitive functioning. While some scholars have proposed the existence of multiple forms of intelligence, others have argued that the assessment of intelligence requires the application of local definitions of intelligence and intelligent behavior. In the present paper I explore the concept of intelligence in the small Copper Inuit community of Holman. Data collected between 1978 and 1995 are used to examine the manner in which community members define, assess, and develop intelligence. Modernity has created new conditions in which intelligence is nurtured and assessed.

Particular attention is paid to informant efforts to encourage the author to behave intelligently. [Inuit, theories of intelligence, participant‐observation]