bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMOS Implementation of 5T SRAM with Low Power Dissipation
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Gupta Swati
Published: August 2021

SRAM is a very fast memory with low power consumption. The main objective of this work is to perform a 64-digit SRAM with 90 nm innovation. Execution depended on a granular perspective. SRAM's base module is similar to an N-MOS inverter, flip-flop, and semiconductor. We design this module according to the configuration rule of the ? format. Using Harvard technology, SRAM can easily retrieve information from memory. To create advanced rational circuits, it is important to see how an SRAM is assembled and how it works. The bottom line is that with 0.12 micron 90nm technology, we are developing a 5T SRAM and we can read and write. It is a fundamental part of a computer's central processing unit. RAM is a building block made up of several circuits. The 64-bit SRAM reader was developed with MICROWIND and DSCH2. With the MICROWIND program, the developer can design and simulate an integrated circuit at the physical description level. DSCH2 allows switching of digital logic design.
Interface Features of the DDR SDRAM Memory Test Diagnostic Device
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Volgograd, Russia, Volobuev S.V. , Ryabtsev V.G. ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Volgograd, Russia
Published: August 2021

The I/О synchronization scheme plays an important role in achieving maximum speed and reliability of data transmission during memory operation. This paper presents the interface architecture of the DDR SDRAM test diagnostic device. It was demonstrated that the proposed interface components provide the formation of a bidirectional synchro signal for gating written and read data when performing test diagnostics of chips and DDR SDRAM memory devices. Compared to traditional methods, the proposed interface components were made on integrated electronic elements, which reduced the size and power consumption. It has been established that the use of a multiphase synchronization system to implement the interface eliminated the use of delay lines, the disadvantages of which are large dimensions and the complexity of changing the delay time. The interface components under consideration are intended for use in test diagnostics devices that have a multiprocessor structure, which increases the speed of forming test actions and reference reactions. The performed functional modeling and debugging of strobe signal generators confirmed the feasibility of the designs. The proposed interface of the test diagnostics device allows performing test diagnostics of modern high-speed chips and semiconductor memory modules at the operating frequency, which increases the reliability of the results obtained. Interface components can be used by manufacturers of test diagnostics tools for modern high-speed storage devices.
Study of Controllability of Bilinear Systems with Limited Control
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Gagarina L.G. , Doronina A.A. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Fomin R.A. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Chukhlyaev D.A. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

Optimal control is closely related to the choice of the most advantageous control modes for complex objects, which are described using ordinary differential systems. The problem of optimal control consists in calculating the optimal control program and synthesizing the optimal control system. This problem arises in the applied field of the optimal control theory, in the case when control is based on the principle of feedback and in automatic control systems. Optimal control problems, as a rule, are calculated by numerical methods to find the extremum of a functional or to solve a boundary value problem for a differential equation system. From a mathematical standpoint, the synthesis of optimal control systems is a nonlinear programming problem in functional spaces. In this study the problem of complete controllability of a bilinear control system on the plane was considered. The controllability of bilinear systems with both unlimited and limited control was studied. The evidences of closed trajectory systems controllability theorems were produced. The authors have defined multiple criteria of complete controllability for bilinear system with limited control. The complete controllability conditions of bilinear control system have been proposed with their algebraic reasoning. In the contemporary context of universal robotization of production, completely controllable systems matter in navigation, as well as in modeling of a number of economic and social processes.
Study of Anthropogenic Changes in the Urban Landscape Based on the Landsat-8 Infrared Range
Authors:   Institute of Computational Modelling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Gosteva A.A. ,   Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian, Matuzko A.K. ,   Institute of Computational Modelling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Yakubailik O.E. ,   Institute of Computational Modelling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian
Published: August 2021

Changes in the urban landscape can be detected using visible and far infrared remote sensing. Thermal imagery is widely used for research and monitoring of natural and anthropogenic objects. Multiple data sources use enhances spatial analysis capabilities. These sources are, for example, MODIS satellite data with moderate spatial resolution and daily surveys, Landsat data collection with medium spatial resolution and survey frequency of about once every 14 days, and high-resolution PlanetScope data with the ability to acquire multiple scenes per day. This paper proposes the methodology for identifying anthropogenic transformations in the urban landscape by land surface temperature. Three categories of changes were identified: no changes, minor changes with a temperature difference of 1–3 ºC and significant changes with a temperature difference of more than 4 ºC. When analyzing areas with maximum temperature changes, it was noted that the dynamics of changes are associated with changes in urban development, namely, with the construction of new microdistricts and shopping centers. A change in surface temperature is also associated with a change in forest landscapes, for example, in places where tree plantations were cut down.
Clock Signal and Data Recovery Unit Modeling Based on Phase-Locked-Frequency Scheme
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia, Zlobin A.V. , Klyukin V.I. ,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia, Niсkolaenkov Yu.K. ,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: August 2021

In many VLSIs, full amplitude CMOS drivers are used for information transfer via unterminated line. What is more, path length decreases carrying capacity of such interconnection in a greater degree than CMOS drivers’ performance. Because transmit channel considerably garbles transferred information, prevailing solution to this problem are clock data recovery blocks the role of which is to retrieve data along with recovering clock signal. In this work, the process of constructing a clock signal and data recovery unit based on a single-loop phase-locked-frequency scheme that does not require a reference periodic signal is considered. The development of its behavioral model was carried out in the Verilog-AMS hardware description language, and the block modeling at the transistor level was carried out in the 90 nm CMOS technology. In this case, the recovery time was 4.8 microseconds, and the «jitter» indicator of clock signal recovery unit was 7.6 ps. The obtained values of developed clock signal and data recovery unit’s output parameters are up to the best foreign analogues.
Diyarbakır Ekolojik Koşullarında Kişniş (Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum DC.) için Uygun Ekim Zamanı ve Ekim Normunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: TEKİN Fethullah , ERYİĞİT Tamer , TUNÇTÜRK Murat
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır ekolojik koşullarında kişniş için uygun ekim zamanı ve ekim normunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Coriandrum sativum microcarpum eko tipinden olan Denizli ekotipi materyal olarak kullanıldığı çalışma, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede 4 ekim zamanı ve 4 ekim normu (1, 2, 3 ve 4 kg da-1) denenmiştir. Gözlem olarak tohum verimi, bitki boyu, toplam dal sayısı, biyolojik verim, bin dane ağırlığı ve hasat indeksi gözlemleri alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre farklı ekim zamanı uygulamaları sonucu oluşan tohum verimi 140.66 - 171.47 kg da-1, bitki boyu 66.37 - 70.60 cm, bitkideki toplam dal sayısı 44.38 - 62.76 adet bitki-1, biyolojik verim 380.65 - 463.93 kg da-1, 1000 dane ağırlığı 5.66 - 6.01 g ve hasat indeksi ise %37.28 - 38.56 arasında değişmiştir. Farklı ekim normu uygulamaları ile oluşan tohum verimi 149.01 - 156.67 kg da-1, bitki boyu 67.47 - 69.45 cm, bitkideki toplam dal sayısı 49.68 - 56. 33 adet, biyolojik verim 413.90 - 434.18 kg da-1, 1000 dane ağırlığı 5.76 - 5.95 g ve hasat indeksi %36.96 - 38.92 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak Diyarbakır ekolojik koşullarında kişniş için en uygun ekim zamanı sonbahar veya kışlık ekim (18 Ekim - 24 Aralık) ve en uygun ekim normunun ise 3 kg da-1 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Geç Olum Süresine Sahip Bazı Tatlı Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotiplerinin Biyokütle Verimi ve Yem Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖKTEM Abdullah , ÖKTEM Ayşe Gülgün , DEMİR Dicle
Published: August 2021

Araştırmada geç olgunlaşma süresine sahip tatlı sorgum genotiplerinin biyokütle verimi ve yem kalite ögelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak 2019 yılı ana ürün yetiştirme sezonunda Harran Ovası koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Brandes, Corina, Dale, Grassi, M81-E, P1579753, Ramada, Rio Roma, Smith, Theis, Topper 76-I, Topper 76-II, Tracy, UNL-Hybrid 3 ve Gülşeker gibi 16 adet geç olgunlaşma süresine sahip tatlı sorgum genotipleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tatlı sorgum genotiplerinde gözlenen çiçeklenme süresi 77.6 ile 108.0 gün, bitki boyu 250.80 cm ile 476.30 cm, sap kalınlığı 19.55 mm ile 27.99 mm arasında değişmiştir. Sap oranı %74.72 ile %91.49, yaprak oranı %6.23 ile %20.98, salkım oranı %1.70 ile %7.65 arasında bulunmuştur. Tatlı sorgum genotiplerinin biyokütle verimi 7714.3 ile 16380.9 kg da-1, kuru madde verimi 2521.95 ile 5599.35 kg da-1, ham kül oranı %6.54 ile %10.1 arasında değişmiştir. NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) değerleri %55.35 ile %43.68, ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) değerleri %27.09 ile %34.76, ADL (Acid Detergent Lignin) değerleri %5.51 ile %7.59, hemiselüloz değerleri %15.59 ile %20.59, selüloz oranı ise %21.31 ile %27.17 arasında bulunmuştur. Biyokütle verimi, kuru madde verimi, NDF ve ADF değerleri göz önüne alındığında M81-E, Theis, Tracy ve Dale tatlı sorgum genotiplerinin yem değerlerinin diğerlerine göre daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Tatlı sorgum bitkisinin yem kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceği ve GAP bölgesinde ve benzer iklim koşullarında adaptasyon kabiliyetinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Determination of Freezing Points of Secondary Buds in Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca
Authors: KÜPE Muhammed
Published: August 2021

This study was carried out to determine ability of secondary buds to winter freezing in two Vitis species viz. Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis labrusca L. In 2016 and 2017, one genotype of V. vinifera and one genotype of V. labrusca were sampled at 3 different periods during winter dormant period. The one-year-old shoots obtained from vineyards in winter and the secondary buds on 4th, 5th and 6th nodes on shoots has been used for freezing test. For freezing test, DTA (Differantial Thermal Analyses) methods has been used and test was started at +4 oC and temperature has been decreased and terminated at -30 oC. According to test results, the highest and the lowest temperatures to start freezing of secondary buds of the genotype belongs to V. vinifera was -16.48 oC and -19.49 oC, respectively. For V. labrusca genotype, these values were -15.77 oC and -20.99 oC, respectively. The short period of exotherm has been occurred in deep dormancy period for both species. As a result, freezing points of secondary buds varied among species as well years and physiological status of plants. Determining of freezing points of secondary buds in grapes, it is possible to make better prediction of winter injury.
Presentación del Dossier: Las reformas político-institucionales en el Río de la Plata. Herencias, conflictividad, consensos y proyecciones, 1820-1852
Authors: Gallo Klaus , Salvatto Fabricio Gabriel
Published: August 2021

La introducción del presente dossier radica en mostrar los puntos de contacto entre la historiografía de las últimas décadas y los nuevos enfoques sobre las reformas en el Río de la Plata entre los años 1820 y 1852. La emergencia de las soberanías provinciales, los procesos electorales, los conﬂictos, las disidencias y los consensos alcanzados, constituyen algunos de los ejes abordados. Así, los artículos aquí reunidos proponen restituir y reconstruir las claves de la reﬂexión política, jurídica e institucional en ambos lados del atlántico y su inserción en Buenos Aires (ciudad y campaña), Mendoza, Tucumán y las provincias del litoral.
La tramitación de la disidencia política en la Buenos Aires rivadaviana
Authors: Polastrelli Irina
Published: August 2021

A partir del análisis de los dos episodios protagonizados por Gregorio Tagle y destinados a desestabilizar al gobierno provincial en 1822 y 1823, este artículo estudia el tratamiento dispensado a quienes fueron catalogados como disidentes durante el período conocido como “feliz experiencia” en Buenos Aires. Para ello se analizan procesos judiciales, debates de la Sala de Representantes, prensa. La intención es marcar contrastes y/o similitudes respecto de la década revolucionaria.
A conceptual analysis of the meaning of comfort at the end-of-life using the Walker and Avant (2014) Framework
Authors: Hou Yong-Chao , Timmins Fiona , Zhou Qian , Wang Ju-Zi
Published: August 2021

Objective

The aim of the authors is to clarify the concept of comfort at the end-of-life in order to support understandings of fundamental nursing care needed at this stage of healthcare.

Methods

The Walker and Avant framework was applied to develop a deeper understanding of the concept of comfort at the end of life.

Results

Five defining attributes of comfort in the end-of-life were identified and they are having a peaceful home-life environment, trust and consolation, proximity and social-cultural support, alleviation of suffering, and a process of integrated intervention by nurses.

Conclusions

At the end-of-life patients commonly experience physical, psychological, social-cultural, and environmental discomfort. Patients’ families also encounter significant challenges. However, their comfort needs are often secondary to that of the patient. Additionally, a lack of clarity exists regarding the holistic meaning of comfort at the end-of-life, which can largely be confined to understandings of physical comfort for the patient, with a limited understanding of addressing family/caregivers’ needs. Therefore, this concept analysis may provide some guidance in this regard and also provides support toward a more integrated understanding of the concept.
Evaluation of the intervention of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhang Ye , Xu Na-Ping , Mo Bei-Rong , Liu Xian-Liang , Lin Ya-Chang
Published: August 2021

Objective

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be prevented and treated, although presenting with persistent airflow restriction; the airflow restriction caused by COPD is mostly progressive. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and its influence on COPD. Exercise training is the basic constituent of PR. However, it is not clear which exercise trainings are the ideal ways to deliver home-based PR.

Methods

In this review, we focus on the effect of home-based exercise training on patients with COPD. We searched literature, which was necessarily required to be randomized controlled trails (RCTs) from the establishment of the four respective databases (Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from January 2008 to January 2018. We used the Cochrane collaborative “risk of bias” tool to assess the quality of evidence. A total of 21 trials (1694 participants) were included. Through the analysis of the literature, we find that a simple, low-cost, and low-intensity family-based lung-rehabilitation plan to adapt to the real life may lead to the improvement of the ability to exercise, the reduction of the difficulty in breathing, and the improvement of carrying out daily activities.

Results

In the exercise training of home-based PR, lower limb exercise (LLE) training demonstrated a more perceptible effect in improving the quality of life of patients with COPD. At the same time, the combination of LLE training, breathing training, and upper limb exercise training is more obvious than the simple LLE training. In addition, home-based low-intensity aerobic training may sometimes be no less than the outpatient or center intervention to improve dyspnea, health status, and exercise tolerance. In conclusion, the simple and easy home-based PR exercise program is useful. Long-term home-based PR may require an enhanced need for maintenance.

Conclusions

A simple, low-cost, and low-intensity high blood pressure response (HBPR) plan to adapt to the real life may lead to an augmentation in the ability to exercise, a reduction of the difficulty in breathing, and an improvement in carrying out day-to-day activities. HBPR strategies can benefit patients (elderly patients with COPD at home) in the long term.
Moderate and high dental fear by sex and age using the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale
Authors:   Departament of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, Andrade Natália , Laureano Isla ,   Departament of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, Farias Lunna ,   Departament of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, Fernandes Liege ,   Departament of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Araruna, Paraíba, Brazil, Prates Cibele ,   Departament of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, Cavalcanti Alessandro ,   Departament of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
Published: August 2021

Objective: To assess the relationship between the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire’s items and sex and age in children with moderate and high dental fear levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a municipality in the Northeastern region of Brazil with 185 children aged 8-10 years of both sexes, who had a minimum score of 32 on the CFSS-DS questionnaire, corresponding to dental fear. Descriptive statistical analysis and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Most children were female (59.5%) and 9 years old (37.3%). The average of the total CFSS-DS score was 40.44 ± 6.81 (with a minimum of 32 and a maximum of 75). According to the CFSS-DS, 53.5% of children had high dental fear. Items “Injections,” “Having a stranger touch you,” “The dentist drilling,” “Having somebody put instruments in your mouth,” “Choking,” and “Having to go to the hospital” had the highest median values. A significant difference was observed between ages for the item “Having a stranger touch you” (p=0.001). Conclusion: The item “Having a stranger touch you” in the CFSS-DS questionnaire showed a statistically significant difference with age, while no differences were found regarding sex.
Exploring kindergarten teachers’ views on STEAM education and educational robotics: Dilemmas, possibilities, limitations
Authors:   Regional Directorate of Primary and Secondary Education of Attica, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece, Foti Paraskevi Efstratiou
Published: August 2021

This paper will refer to STEAM education, focusing first on clarifying the STEAM acronym and then on the principles on which this methodology is based. Suggested pedagogical practices that can be adopted to integrate STEAM education in the educational program will be presented, followed by a reference to the interdisciplinary approach of educational robotics and its introduction in kindergarten. The research part of this paper will include a survey conducted in kindergartens of Primary Education in the Third District of Athens. The research aimed to explore perceptions, possibilities, and limitations expressed by preschool teachers regarding STEAM methodology and the introduction of Educational Robotics in kindergarten. This research highlighted the need to implement innovative approaches and ensure teacher training, which should be strengthened and upgraded by incorporating STEAM pedagogy and new practices for teaching and learning.
On the relevance of improving legal regulation of the turnover of shares in the right of common ownership of the agricultural land plots from
Authors: Kozhokar' Igor' Petrovich
Published: August 2021

This article explores the problem of regulation of the turnover of shares in the right of common ownership of land plots of agricultural designation. The author substantiates the relevance of improving the current legislation, first and foremost due to annual increase in the number of unclaimed shares of agricultural lands and the impossibility of their use in civil circulation. Analysis is conducted on the existing procedure of recognizing the land shares unclaimed and their transfer to municipal ownership, indicating its inefficiency. The article considers a proposal on the amendment of civil and land legislation with regards to simplification of the grounds for transferring such objects to municipal ownership via their possible recognition as unowned property, changing the procedure for transferring such shares to municipal ownership, as well as specifying the grounds for terminating the ownership right of the subjects to unclaimed land shares in the right of common ownership of land plots of agricultural designation. The article analyzes criticism of the experts towards such initiative, objections against possible application of the Article 225 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to subjective rights, since it contradicts the existing concept that allows usage of rules on acquisition of the unowned property only to physical objects, as well as potential extension of the rules on terminating the property ownership. which cannot belong to an individual, in cases when the share holder in the right of common ownership on the unleased land plot of agricultural designation, would not allocate a plot assigned to him within a certain period of time.
THERMAL NEUTRALIZATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING SLUDGE
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, UMANSKY D. YU. , VASINA M. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: August 2021

Acid tar is a resinous substance, which in most cases has a viscous structure. They are obtained as a result of sulfuric acid purification of petroleum distillates, oil residues, in the production of sulfonate additives, in the sulfonation and purification of oils, paraffins, kerosene and gas oil fractions and other petroleum products from aromatic hydrocarbons. Until recently, this type of waste was temporarily accumulated in specially designated areas - acid tar storage ponds, which were located near the oil refinery, which had a significant impact on the environment. The paper considers the process of formation of acid tar on the example of the production of sulfonate additives. The composition of the mixture of acid tar and sulfonate sludge was evaluated, and the hazard class of this type of waste was determined. Methods of utilization of acid tar are studied and a method of utilization of acid tar for the considered production is proposed.
SELECTION OF THE METHOD OF USING THE SPENT CRACKING CATALYST
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, NAGIBINA I. YU. , YURCHUK YU. S. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, REHOVSKAYA E. O. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: August 2021

The paper considers the characteristics of a spent catalyst for the cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock. Spent catalyst formation is one of the problems for refineries. It also discusses the application of life cycle assessment to determine the environmental performance of various options for the management of spent cracking catalyst. Based on the considered use cases, providing for obtaining useful products, the best performance with the least damage to the environment is possessed by the complex processing of the spent catalyst.
SIMULATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD OF THE HEATING SETUP FOR STUDYING THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF PARTIAL DISCHARGES CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, POLYAKOV D. A. , BATRAKOV P. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, ZHIGADLO V. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, NIKITIN K. I. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается исследование, посвященное разработке камеры нагрева установки для исследования зависимостей характеристик частичных разрядов от температуры. Разработаны требования безопасной эксплуатации установки при условии размещения внутри камеры нагрева образца кабеля под напряжением. Построены геометрические модели вертикального и горизонтального исполнения камеры нагрева. В построенных моделях определены картины распределения температуры внутри камеры нагрева. Наибольший интерес представляет тепволое поле на поверхности кабеля, так как оно существенно влияет на характеристики частичных разрядов в изоляции кабелей. Полученные результаты показали превышение допустимой разницы в температуре поверхности кабеля. В последующей работе будут проведены мероприятия для снижения неравномерности теплового поля путем корректировки коэффициентов теплопередачи или изменения геометрии модели установки.
DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES TO REDUCE FERRIC OXIDE AT A MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, BORODKINA E.A. , KUXGAUZEN E. E. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, BELKOVA S. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we consider air pollution in the result of the activity of an economic entity. The classification of harmful emissions by aggregate state is given. The sources of negative impact on the atmospheric air, including the volume and mass of the resulting pollutants, are considered. It is proposed to develop a conservation measure by using a bag filter with pulse blowing.
Os impactos no pré-natal e na saúde mental de gestantes durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Silva Ana Luiza Miranda da , Oliveira Angélica Silvério , Ruas Brena Juliana Silva , Barbosa Lara Pinheiro Leão Piuzana , Landim Maria Eduarda de Paula Adário , Bruno Rogério Reis , Freitas Samira dos Santos Ferreira de , Santos Talita Miranda , Fernandes Tiago Picolo , Roza Tatiane Carolina Batista Nacif
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Apresentar as implicações que a pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe para a adesão à assistência pré-natal e para a saúde mental de gestantes e puérperas. Revisão bibliográfica: A necessidade da adoção de medidas para evitar a disseminação do vírus, o receio da contaminação e suscetibilidade para desfecho em parto prematuro, ruptura prévia de membranas, restrição do crescimento intrauterino e natimortalidade, resultou em uma queda significativa na adesão à assistência pré-natal. Essa conjuntura ocorre devido ao cancelamento de consultas, a dificuldade de acesso a telemedicina e a necessidade da prorrogação em até 14 dias em casos de confirmação ou suspeita de infecção, o que pode comprometer a segurança e o bem-estar materno-fetal. Associado a isso, observa-se a intensificação de sentimentos como medo e solidão, com recrudescimento de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Considerações finais: Diante disso, é de vital importância enfatizar a importância da assistência pré-natal, da flexibilização do acesso a essas consultas e do estabelecimento de um acompanhamento médico e familiar humanizado, a fim de garantir um suporte emocional ainda mais necessário no contexto hodierno.
Lassa fever coinfection with COVID-19 among health care workers: Report of two cases
Authors: Abejegah Chukwuyem , Owhin Sampson Omagbemi , Abiodun Abidoye Tolani , Adeniyi Bamidele O.
Published: August 2021

Lassa fever (LF) coinfection with hepatitis B and HIV has been reported among hospitalized patients in Southwest Nigeria and HIV patients coinfected with COVID-19 have been described among hospitalized patients in North Central Nigeria, no study has reported cases of coinfection of Lassa disease and COVID-19 among health care workers (HCWs) worldwide. A case report of two HCWs who were infected with both LF virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus at same time and were successfully managed without any sequelae. Both cases presented with typical signs of LF with COVID-19 suspected, they were promptly diagnosezd with positive outcomes after treatment. While case 1 became negative for LF virus and SARS-CoV-2 after 6 and 30 days, respectively, case 2 became negative for both viruses after 14 and 32 days, respectively. The diagnosis of LF-COVID-19 coinfection in HCWs is a frightening dimension to the health risks faced by HCWs, therefore, HCWs now more than ever before want to know what comes next and how safe is the practice of medicine.
Serration pattern analysis as a practical adjunct tool for categorization of subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases
Authors: Arora Sukriti , Shetty Varsha M. , Rao Chythra R. , Pai Satish B. , Rao Raghavendra
Published: August 2021

Background:

Serration pattern analysis helps in the classification of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders; more precisely, it helps to differentiate epidermolysis bullosa acquisita from other subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders. Most of the published reports of this tool have come from a single center.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to study the utility of serration pattern analysis in classifying subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders.

Methods:

Seventy five cases of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders were enrolled in this prospective study. A three millimeter punch biopsy was taken from the perilesional skin or mucosa for direct immunofluorescence; indirect immunofluorescence was carried out using salt-split skin. Subclassification of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders was done based on direct immunofluorescence, indirect immunofluorescence on salt-split skin, indirect immunofluorescence using knockout skin and serration pattern analysis findings.

Results:

Indirect immunofluorescence was positive in 68 cases; 14 cases showed a dermal staining pattern while the rest showed either an epidermal or a combined pattern. All patients with epidermal or combined staining patterns showed “n” serrated pattern on direct immunofluorescence. Nine patients with dermal staining on indirect immunofluorescence also revealed an “n” serration pattern on direct immunofluorescence indicating the diagnosis of anti-p200 pemphigoid, and the rest showed a “u” serrated pattern. Three patients with negative indirect immunofluorescence showed “u” serration on direct immunofluorescence while the rest showed “n” serration.

Limitations:

ELISA and immunoblotting could not be performed due to resource constraints.

Conclusion:

Based on indirect immunofluorescence and serration pattern analysis, classification of the majority of patients with subepidermal autoimmune blistering disorders was possible in our study. Pattern recognition is a cost-effective tool and can be easily learnt. It is recommended to be practiced in all laboratories where facilities for advanced immunological diagnosis are unavailable.
Prevalence of eczema among older persons: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Neena Vijayan , Asokan Neelakandhan , Jose Rajany , Sarin A.
Published: August 2021

Background

There are very few population-based studies on the prevalence of eczema among older persons

Aims

To estimate the prevalence and types of eczema in those aged 65 years or more in the community and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions for case finding.

Methods

In the first stage of this cross-sectional survey, trained health workers of a non-governmental organization surveyed the eligible population and identified persons likely to have eczema. In the second stage, dermatologists examined such persons to ascertain the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Prevalence of eczema was expressed in percentages. Chi-square test was used for comparing the difference in prevalence of eczema in various age groups and sex.

Results

Health workers identified 98 persons as possible cases of eczema after interviewing 385 older persons in the community. Among them 95 persons were examined by dermatologists and 44 were confirmed to have eczema (diagnostic accuracy of health workers = 46.3%).Point prevalence of eczema was 11.4% (44/385). Prevalence was similar in males and females. It was greater (18.2 %) among persons aged 81 years or more. Asteatotic eczema, gravitational eczema and lichen simplex chronicus were the more common types of eczema. Limitations: Possible underestimation of the prevalence rates due to limited medical knowledge of health workers; limited facilities for examination and investigations at the medical camps and home visits.

Conclusion

There appears to be a considerable burden of eczema among older persons in the community. A community-based approach involving non-governmental organizations has the potential to identify cases and offer care close to their homes.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BRIGADE SIAGA BENCANA DALAM TANGGAP DARURAT DI KABUPATEN BANTAENG
Authors: Munawwir M. , M.S Alyas, , Hakim Lukman
Published: August 2021

Disaster in Emergency Response in Bantaeng Regency with several factors affecting the implementation of policies, standards and policy objectives resources, characteristics of the implementing agencies, attitude and tendency of implementers (Disposition) , clarity of information on communication between organizations and implementing activities (inter-organizational communication and enforcement activities) and conditions of the economic, social and political environment (economic, social and political conditions). The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative using observation, interview, and documentation instruments. Then data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that; (1) Standard and policy objectives (standards and objectivity), the legal basis for its implementation is by the 1945 Constitution article 28 verse 1, which was then technically translated through the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 462 of 2002 concerning Safe Community. This government policy is expected to be able to enhance public health status. (2) Resources,  in terms of the number and expertise of the human resources assigned to the BSB team, are sufficient. (3) The characteristics of the implementing agencies, District government support for this program is quite adequate both in terms of budget and needs. (4) The attitude and tendency of the implementers (Disposition), the understanding of policy implementers about the standards and objectives of this policy is well understood (5) Clarity of information communication between organizations and activities implementer (inter-organizational communication and enforcement activities) that in order to provide clarity of the information to the public, BSB officers involve community groups as information support media (6) Economic, social and political conditions. Strong support for the success of the Disaster Preparedness Brigade program lies in the social capital owned by  The Regent of Bantaeng,  Nurdin Abdullah as the initiator.
PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK TANI ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN BANTAENG
Authors: Nasir Muh. , Madani Muhlis , Parawangi Anwar
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze to describe the implementation of farmer empowerment, capacity, government capacity in empowerment used in organic farmers and to describe knowledge, development, and empowerment of organic farmers. This research method is a qualitative approach by analyzing all data and information sourced from primary and secondary data with interview and observation techniques in the Biangloe Village, Pajukukang District, Bantaeng Regency, the Agriculture Service Food Security Service of Bantaeng Regency. The results showed that the support program for empowerment of groups of farmers / organic farmers had knowledge, skills in organic rice farming, the abilities that had been obtained had a positive impact on farmers, on the aspect of saving on organic fertilizer financing, improved rice production which was supported by the adoption of planting patterns, prices the promising organic rice, the health side is safer. Several policy aspects in the development of organic rice farming are referred to here. The first aspect; The sustainability of either the national standard or the standard operating language for organic procedures does not have legality, meaning that the government is still in the inland process for assistance that will be provided to organic farmers, both guidance and supervision as well as competent institutions that will be involved. The second aspect; Farmer group institutions have not contributed much in the planning process of organic rice farmer activities in villages and are more focused on inorganic agriculture, but on the other hand, the RPJMDes dominance has been included in the document even though the realization is still considered unsatisfactory for all parties. Prime program planning can still be improved, its coordination and scope can be expanded across SKPD networks across actors / agencies, planning program needs to support organic farming in villages and in general Bantaeng Regency.
Does the Inflow of FDI Boost the Health of the Population in SAARC Countries Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Saleem Ayesha , Farooq Abdul , Nawaz Ahmad , Anwar Muhammad Masood
Published: August 2021

Purpose:The relationship between foreign direct investment and population health has been the focus of research among researchers in recent years. One of the basic individual rights is a healthy life and decent living conditions, but the SAARC countries are lagging behind in this respect.The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment inflows on population health by integrating growth, foreign aid, and human capital into the model for selected SAARC countries.

Design/Methodology/Approach:The fixed effect technique based on the Hausman test was implemented through the period of 1996-2018 because of the Panel nature of the data.

Findings:Our empirical results indicate that FDI inflows have a positive and significant effect on population health. Increase in FDI inflows in the host country raises the income of the people, as better job opportunities are available to them.

Implications/Originality/Value:This research is a crucial step in observing the complicated relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Population Health. It is expected that this research motivates the debate and enhance the knowledge further in this line of research.Government should provide incentives to the foreign investors by providing concessions in taxes, and better facilities in terms of improved infrastructure.
The Effect of Leverage and Debt Maturity on the Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Non Financial Firms Listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Khan Naveed , Ullah Hamid , Afeef Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Purpose This study examined the effect of leverage, debt maturity on corporate financial performance of non-financial firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Targeted population of this study was 100 firm listed at PSX as KSE-100 index out of which 74 non-financial firms were selected from 28 different sectors for the period of 5 years 2013 to 2017.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Financial performance measured by ROA, ROE, while leverage, short term leverage, long term leverage taken as independent variables, four variables were taken as control which are size, current ratio, sale growth, tangibility. On the basis of Hausman test, results of random effect model were found appropriate.

Findings: ST and LT Leverage have a negative significant and insignificant effect on financial performance (ROA) respectively, moreover long term leverage has a positive and significant but short has a negative and insignificant effect on ROE. The results of the control variables showed that size has a negative and significant effect on ROA and ROE, whereas current ratio has insignificant and negative effect on ROA, ROE. Sale growth has a positive and insignificant effect on firms ROA and ROE. Tangibility has insignificant and negative effect on financial performance.

Implications/Originality/Value: This study is consistent with traditional trade-off theory and recommended that management of the non-financial firms listed at the PSX should employ minimal debt level or use an optimal level of capital structure and also to attract good management thus to improve their financial performance.
Yaşam kalitesi ve küresel iklim değişikliği
Authors: Uysal Şahin Özge
Published: August 2021

Yaşam kalitesi çoğu zaman sağlıkla ilişkilendirilse de, aslında çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. Eğitim, ekonomi, sağlık ve çevre gibi pek çok faktör tarafından şekillenir. O yüzden yaşam kalitesi, insanın hayatını etkileyen maddi ve manevi koşullardaki iyilik hali olarak tanımlanabilir. Eğitim ve sağlıkta kalitenin artması ve adil erişim koşullarının oluşması, kişilerin milli gelir seviyelerindeki artışlar, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve bunlara eşit erişim imkanları ile çevre kirliliğin boyutu gibi unsurlar hem kişilerin hem de toplumların yaşam kalitelerini belirlemektedir. Her ne kadar çevresel bir boyutu olsa da yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmeye dair yaptıklarımız acaba iklim değişikliğini etkilemekte midir? Çünkü insanların yaşamlarını iyileştirmeye dair gerçekleştirdikleri faaliyetler ve ulaşmak istedikleri hedefler doğa üzerinde bazı tahribatlara yol açabilmektedir. Örneğin, teknolojik imkanların arttırılması kişilerin hayatlarını kolaylaştıran ve toplumların ilerlemesini sağlayan koşullar yaratırken, çevre üzerinde de pek çok zararı beraberinde getirmektedir. Benzer şekilde, bir ekonomide sanayi sektörü ve hizmetler sektörünün ağırlığının artması kişilerin iktisadi güçlerini arttıran ve yaşam kalitelerini yükselten koşullar yaratırken; bir yandan doğal yaşam ve çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yarattığı bir gerçektir. Özellikle, sanayileşmenin tarım alanlarını, suyu ve havayı kirlettiği pek çok örneğe çok sık rastlanmaktadır. Peki o zaman çözüm nedir? Yaşam kalitesini yükseltme amacından vazgeçmek mi gerekir? Burada yapılması gereken yaşam kalitesini oluşturan unsurları tekrardan ele almaktır. Özellikle de günümüzde pandemi ile daha da çok konuştuğumuz “minimal yaşam” koşullarının oluşturulmasıdır. İşte bu çalışmada da, yaşam kalitesi kavramı detaylı olarak tartışılarak küresel iklim değişikliği tehdidi karşısında yaşam kalitemizi belirleyen unsurların nasıl olması ve neler yapılması gerektiği sorularına yanıt aranmaktadır.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Arsip Surat Menggunakan Metode Prototype
Authors: Wicaksono Masan Abdi , Rudianto Christ , Tanaem Penidas Fiodinggo
Published: August 2021

Letters archiving is the process of receiving, collecting, maintaining letters in a structured manner by an agency, however, the process of filing letters at the Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah (UPTD) Satuan Pendidikan Non Formal (SPNF) Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) Salatiga still has problems such as recording letter archive data that still uses a letter agenda book which sometimes occurs errors in recording, archival document storage which is physically stored on a mailing cabinet which is prone to being lost, scattered, or damaged and the large number of existing documents causes employees to need extra time and effort to look for them. With the Letter Archive Information System designed using the prototype method, it allows employees to take part in the design of this system by providing opinions and suggestions on system design so that the results will be more optimal, maximum and can be a solution to the problems that exist in the Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah (UPTD) Satuan Pendidikan Non Formal (SPNF) Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) Salatiga.
Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen A2 düzeyi öğrencilerinin dil yapılarını kullanma alışkanlıkları
Authors: ÇANGAL Önder , KIRİBİŞ Ali
Published: August 2021

Temel düzey (A1-A2), yabancı dil öğretiminde önemli bir eşiktir. Toplumsal işlevleri gösteren tanımlayıcıların çoğu bu düzeydedir. Yolculukta, yurt dışında ve günlük hayatta dilsel etkileşim için gerekli, temel ihtiyaçların giderilmesi için kazanılması gereken yeterliklere de bu düzeyde yer verilmektedir (TELC, 2013, s. 39). Dolayısıyla temel düzeyi bitiren bir yabancıdan kendisini hedef dilde rahatlıkla ifade etmesi ve günlük hayatını sorunsuz bir şekilde sürdürmesi beklenmektedir. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenenlerin okuma, dinleme, konuşma ve yazma becerilerinin geliştirilmesi, süreçte becerilerle birlikte öğrencilere dil bilgisi yapılarının öğretilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Dil bilgisi ayrı bir beceri olarak değerlendirilmemektedir. Fakat özellikle üretici beceriler olarak adlandırılan konuşma ve yazmanın geliştirilmesinde dil bilgisi önemli bir yere sahiptir. Öğrenciler öğrendikleri dil yapılarını konuşarak ve yazarak deneyimleme imkânı bulmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen A2 düzeyindeki öğrencilerin dil bilgisi yapılarını kullanma alışkanlıkları araştırılmıştır. Dil bilgisi yapılarının belirlenmesinde Türkiye Maarif Vakfı (2020) tarafından hazırlanan “Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Programı” esas alınmış, öğrencilerin yazma kâğıtlarında bu yapılardan hangi sıklıkla yararlandıkları incelenmiştir. Araştırma A2 düzeyi öğrencilerinin en çok kullandıkları dil bilgisi yapılarını ortaya koyması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak Türkiye’de öğrenen öğrencilerin en çok ihtiyaç duydukları ve kullandıkları dil bilgisi yapılarının tespit edilmesinin dil öğretim süreçlerinin planlanmasına ve öncelikli dil bilgisi yapılarının tespit edilmesine yardım etmesi beklenmektedir.