bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges of diagnosing severe malaria with complications in adult patients: a case report
Authors: Bur Rika , Nelwan Erni Juwita , Danasasmita Ira , Hakim Gardian Lukman , Bahri Syukrini , Dewi Febby Elvanesa Sandra , Athaya Rana Zara , Nainggolan Leonard
Published: April 2024

Background

Malaria is known to be the main cause of death in malaria-endemic areas. The authors report a case of severe malaria in an adult with no history of travel from an endemic area with good outcomes after hospitalization.

Case presentation

A 46-year-old man was brought to the Emergency Room (ER) because of fever and chills for 6 days. Complaints were accompanied by nausea and vomiting three times a day. The patient also experienced headaches, weakness, coughing, and a runny nose after two days of admission. The patient had no history of traveling from a malaria-endemic area. The patient was transferred from the Emergency Department (ED) to the High Care Unit (HCU), and during 1 day of intensive care at the HCU, there was a clinical deterioration characterized by dyspnea, icteric sclerae, acral edema, tenderness in both calves, and rash in the abdominal area. Due to worsening respiratory function, the patient was placed on a ventilator. During intensive treatment, the patient continued to show deterioration. The clinical findings suggested a possible feature of Weil’s disease or fulminant hepatitis, and although the patient was in intensive care, there was no clinically significant improvement. Furthermore, microscopic blood smear examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria were carried out on the 4th day of treatment with negative results. As there was no clinically significant improvement, it was decided to take a blood smear and repeat RDT on the twelfth day, which showed a positive result for falciparum malaria. Subsequently, artesunate was administered intravenously, and the patient’s condition began to improve with a negative parasite count the following day. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition on day 25 of treatment.

Conclusion

Good quality malaria diagnostic techniques are essential to diagnose malaria. A timely diagnosis of malaria has the potential to save the patient. Because Jakarta is not a malaria endemic area, it was concluded that this case was an introduced malaria case.
Differences in Biomechanical Determinants of ACL Injury Risk in Change of Direction Tasks Between Males and Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Donelon Thomas A. , Edwards Jamie , Brown Mathew , Jones Paul A. , O’Driscoll Jamie , Dos’Santos Thomas
Published: April 2024

Background

Change of direction (COD) movements are associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in multidirectional sports. Females appear at increased risk compared to males, which could be attributable to whole body kinematic strategies and greater multiplanar knee joint loads (KJLs) during COD which can increase ACL loading.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively synthesise the evidence for differences between males and females regarding KJLs and their biomechanical determinants (whole body kinematic strategies determining KJLs) during COD tasks.

Methods

Databases including SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched (July 2021–June 2023) for studies that compared differences in knee joint loads and biomechanical determinants of KJLs during COD between males and females. Inclusion criteria were: (1) females and males with no prior history of ACL injury (18–40 years); (2) examined biomechanical determinants of KJLs and/ or KJLs during COD tasks > 20°; (3) compared ≥ 1 outcome measure between males and females. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 examining a cutting task > 20° with a preceding approach run that compared KJLs or the whole body multiplanar kinematics associated with them, between sexes, using three-dimensional motion analysis.

Results

This meta-analysis included 17 studies with a pooled sample size of 451 participants (227 males, 224 females). Meta-analysis revealed females displayed significantly less peak knee flexion during stance (SMD: 0.374, 95% CI 0.098–0.649, p = 0.008, I2: 0%); greater knee abduction at initial contact (IC) (SMD: 0.687, 95% CI 0.299–1.076, p = 0.001, I2: 55%); less hip internal rotation (SMD: 0.437, 95% CI 0.134–0.741, p = 0.005, I2: 34%) and hip abduction at IC (SMD: −0.454, 95% CI 0.151–0.758, p = 0.003, I2: 33%). No significant differences were observed between males and females for any internal or externally applied KJLs. All retrieved studies failed to control for strength, resistance training or skill history status.

Conclusion

No differences were observed in KJLs between males and females despite females displaying greater knee abduction at IC and less peak knee flexion during the stance phase of CODs, which are visual characteristics of non-contact ACL injury. Further research is required to examine if this translates to a similar injury risk, considering morphological differences in strain characteristics of the ACL between males and females. This observation may in part explain the disproportionate ACL injury incidence in female multidirectional athletes. Further higher quality controlled research is required whereby participants are matched by skill training history, resistance training history and strength status to ensure an appropriate comparison between males and females.
Investigating the role of subsistence renewables in alleviating power poverty within Nigeria’s energy-mix strategy
Authors: Olayungbo David Oluseun , Faiyetole Ayodele Adekunle , Olayungbo Adenike Anike
Published: April 2024

Nigeria, a country rich in renewable sources still heavily relies on nonrenewable energy, of which the government’s on-grid supply remains inadequate, and generally of poor services. This study, therefore, investigated subsistence renewables by citizens able to contribute to the country’s energy-mix plan and help ameliorate power poverty challenges. Qualitative primary data were sourced using the Delphi experts’ method from energy experts and practitioners possessing relevant knowledge bases regarding the energy-mix strategy with an understanding of the power poverty scenarios. The findings show that the effect size in the very high-level option for solar potentials was relatively more than wind and bio sources. The study reveals that citizens could mostly afford low-capacity solar installations, with considerable interest in the energy-mix strategy. Medium-capacity solar was found to be quite unaffordable, leading to a perceptually very low potential for solar. A showstopper in incorporating solar effectively into Nigeria’s energy-mix scenario was the citizens’ non-affordability of accessing high-capacity systems. It is, however, deduced that affordability and recognition of values are congruous. Conclusively, the experts are optimistic regarding subsistence renewables potentials in the energy-mix strategy. Solar is, however, considered the most crucial, surpassing wind and bio sources. The study suggests that the government could incentivize renewable energy systems, particularly solar, to promote subsistence solutions through affordability by citizens, adoption, and sustainability within the energy-mix strategy. It is further recommended that citizens’ income levels should be raised to favor the affordability of off-grid renewable energy systems.
History and evolution of blood pressure measurement
Authors: Noh Su A , Kim Hwang-Soo , Kang Si-Hyuck , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho
Published: April 2024

Hypertension is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertension mostly accompanies no symptoms, and therefore blood pressure (BP) measurement is the only way for early recognition and timely treatment. Methods for BP measurement have a long history of development and improvement. Invasive method via arterial cannulation was first proven possible in the 1800’s. Subsequent scientific progress led to the development of the auscultatory method, also known as Korotkoff’ sound, and the oscillometric method, which enabled clinically available BP measurement. However, hypertension management status is still poor. Globally, less than half of adults are aware of their hypertension diagnosis, and only one-third of them being treated are under control. Novel methods are actively investigated thanks to technological advances such as sensors and machine learning in addition to the clinical needs for easier and more convenient BP measurement. Each method adopts different technologies with its own specific advantages and disadvantages. Promises of novel methods include comprehensive information on out-of-office BP capturing dynamic short-term and long-term fluctuations. However, there are still pitfalls such as the need for regular calibration since most novel methods capture relative BP changes rather than an absolute value. In addition, there is growing concern on their accuracy and precision as conventional validation protocols are inappropriate for cuffless continuous methods. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the past and present of BP measurement methods. Novel and emerging technologies are also introduced with respect to their potential applications and limitations.

Graphical Abstract
Outcome of patients with traumatic cranial nerve palsy admitted to a university hospital in Nepal
Authors: Kumari Khusbu , Gautam Naveen , Parajuli Monika , Singh Shreejana , Pradhananga Amit , Sedai Gopal , Shilpakar Sushil , Sharma Mohan Raj
Published: April 2024

Background

Cranial nerve palsy (CNP) is a common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite a high incidence of TBI in Nepal (382 per 100,000), literature on the specific management and outcome of CNP is lacking. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of TBI patients involving single versus multiple CNP.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 170 consecutive TBI patients admitted to the tertiary neurosurgical center in Nepal between April 2020 and April 2022 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and etiological characteristics; imaging findings; and management strategies were recorded, compared, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) was used to measure the outcomes in two groups of patients (single and multiple CNP) at 3 months.

Results

Out of 250 eligible patients, 80 were excluded and CNP was noted in 29 (17.1%) of the remaining 170. The median age was 34.9 years, and falls (60.6%) were the most common cause of trauma. TBI severity was categorized based on GCS: mild (82.4%), moderate (15.9%), and severe (1.8%). Cranial nerve involvement was seen in 29 (17.05%) patients: single cranial nerve involvement in 26 (89.65%) and multiple nerve involvement in 3 (10.34%). The most common isolated cranial nerve involved was the oculomotor nerve (37.9%). CT findings revealed a maximum of skull fractures with no significant association between CNP and CT findings.

Conclusions

CNP is a common consequence of TBI with the most common etiology being falls followed by RTA. Single CNP was more common than multiple CNP with no significant difference in the outcome in the 3-month GOSE score. Further research is needed to determine the burden of traumatic CNP and establish specific management guidelines for different types of CNP.
Critical appraisal of machine learning prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Hassan Amier , Critelli Brian , Lahooti Ila , Lahooti Ali , Matzko Nate , Adams Jan Niklas , Liss Lukas , Quion Justin , Restrepo David , Nikahd Melica , Culp Stacey , Noh Lydia , Tong Kathleen , Park Jun Sung , Akshintala Venkata , Windsor John A. , Mull Nikhil K. , Papachristou Georgios I. , Celi Leo Anthony , Lee Peter J.
Published: April 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disorder that is common, costly, and is increasing in incidence worldwide with over 300,000 hospitalizations occurring yearly in the United States alone. As its course and outcomes vary widely, a critical knowledge gap in the field has been a lack of accurate prognostic tools to forecast AP patients’ outcomes. Despite several published studies in the last three decades, the predictive performance of published prognostic models has been found to be suboptimal. Recently, non-regression machine learning models (ML) have garnered intense interest in medicine for their potential for better predictive performance. Each year, an increasing number of AP models are being published. However, their methodologic quality relating to transparent reporting and risk of bias in study design has never been systematically appraised. Therefore, through collaboration between a group of clinicians and data scientists with appropriate content expertise, we will perform a systematic review of papers published between January 2021 and December 2023 containing artificial intelligence prognostic models in AP. To systematically assess these studies, the authors will leverage the CHARMS checklist, PROBAST tool for risk of bias assessment, and the most current version of the TRIPOD-AI. (Research Registry (http://www.reviewregistry1727.).
Vesical stone formation caused by a forgotten and migrated intrauterine contraceptive device: a case report with literature review
Authors: Hameed Farooq , Anwaar Adeel , Anwar Mamoona , Anwar Maria
Published: April 2024

Background

As widely known, an intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, typically T-shaped contraceptive device that offers long-term reversible birth control. However, neglecting to remove the IUD can lead to severe complications. This case report showcases an exceptional instance that underscores the potential risks associated with retention of an IUD.

Case presentation

This case report documents a 40-year-old female who failed to remove her intrauterine device for eight years. Upon her visit to our clinic, she presented with increased urinary frequency, burning micturition, dysuria, and discomfort while emptying her bladder. Medical review consisting of ultrasound (KUB) and X-ray pelvis revealed the intrauterine device had migrated and was encrusted with a stone. We used Holmium laser lithotripsy to break down the stone, before using cystoscope to manually remove the intrauterine device. She made a rapid recovery without any complications.

Conclusions

In order to raise awareness about forgotten or misplaced IUDs and their complications, we are presenting a case of complete intravesical IUD migration at our clinic. This serves as an educational opportunity to shed light on this uncommon occurrence and emphasize the importance of timely removal and follow-up in patients using intrauterine devices (IUDs).
Enhancing cotton resilience to challenging climates through genetic modifications
Authors: Ahmed Ali Ijaz , Khan Azeem Iqbal , Negm Mohamed A. M. , Iqbal Rida , Azhar Muhammad Tehseen , Khan Sultan Habibullah , Rana Iqrar Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Cotton is one of the most important fiber crops that plays a vital role in the textile industry. Its production has been unstable over the years due to climate change induced biotic stresses such as insects, diseases, and weeds, as well as abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, heat, and cold. Traditional breeding methods have been used to breed climate resilient cotton, but it requires a considerable amount of time to enhance crop tolerance to insect pests and changing climatic conditions. A promising strategy for improving tolerance against these stresses is genetic engineering. This review article discusses the role of genetic engineering in cotton improvement. The essential concepts and techniques include genome editing via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), overexpression of target genes, downregulation using RNA interference (RNAi), and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Notably, the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has made significant contributions to using these techniques for obtaining stable transgenic plants.
Clinical characteristics and impact of comorbidities on the prognosis of senile epilepsy in Southwest China: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cao Zhen , Li Yinping , Liu Shengyi , He Zihua , Li Jinmei
Published: April 2024

Background

Senile epilepsy and its comorbidities pose a tremendous burden on patients and the society. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and comorbidities of senile epilepsy, as well as the impact of comorbidities on the prognosis of senile epilepsy.

Methods

Information of patients with senile epilepsy was retrospectively collected from three tertiary hospitals in Southwest China between December 2014 and December 2022. A total of 154 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of comorbidities. The prevalence, type, characteristics, and impacts of the comorbidities were investigated. The characteristics of patients with and without comorbidities were also compared.

Results

Eighty-one percent of patients with senile epilepsy had at least one comorbidity, and 36% had three or more comorbidities. Eighteen different types of comorbidities were identified. The most common comorbidities were neurological (61%), followed by cardiovascular (45%) and psychiatric (26%) comorbidities. More than one-third of patients had bidirectional comorbidities, whereas more than half of the patients had additional causal comorbidities. Among all types of comorbidities, neurological and psychiatric comorbidities were found to be associated with an increased risk of recurrent seizures. Compared to patients without bidirectional comorbidities, those with at least one bidirectional comorbidity had a lower rate of achieving seizure freedom. The higher the number of bidirectional comorbidities, the lower the seizure-free rate. Survival analysis revealed that patients with neurological comorbidities had a higher risk of death.

Conclusions

This study revealed a high comorbidity rate and a low seizure-freedom rate among patients with senile epilepsy. In particular, neuropsychiatric comorbidities can increase the risk of seizures and affect the survival rate of patients with senile epilepsy. Therefore, preventing and managing these comorbidities may improve seizure outcomes and reduce mortality in this special population.
Wind tunnel test on low-rise buildings influenced by hillside height in typical mountain terrain
Authors: Zhong Min , Lin Minghui , Zhou Zhanxue , Li Zhengnong , Lu Junyu , Xu Fen
Published: April 2024

Hills and mountain fields have a high proportion in coastal areas around the world. Especially in China, lots of low-rise buildings are in complex mountain terrain. Compared with the flat topography under typhoons, due to the change caused by complex topography, the damage ratio of low-rise buildings is much larger. This paper investigates the wind pressure distribution in three different configurations of typical mountain terrain on low-rise buildings in coastal areas by wind tunnel tests. At the same time, the results are compared with the wind pressure distribution of low-rise buildings without surrounding structures. The variation of the average pressure coefficient and shape coefficient with the change of hillside height under a wind attack angle of 0° and the trends of average wind pressure coefficients of a low-rise building under wind attack angles of 0° – 90° are studied. The results show that the distribution of pressure in low buildings is significantly affected by the height of the mountain. When the hillside height is half of the scale physical model, the influence coefficient from the mountain to each surface of the whole building is within 50%. When the hillside height is four times that of the model, the influence factor from the mountain to each surface of the whole building is obvious and is most significantly influenced by the leeward roof. The mean design criteria of the low-rise building, such as windward midline, leeward roof, and windward roof in these three typical mountain terrains, should be designed for their higher absolute value of the average pressure coefficient. The mean pressure coefficient under different wind angles and mountain environments has a significant relationship. The most unfavorable wind angle of wind load calculations should be considered when designing low-rise buildings.
Swallowing-related muscle inflammation and fibrosis induced by a single dose of radiation exposure in mice
Authors: Soejima Shuntaro , Wu Chia-Hsien , Matsuse Haruna , Terakado Mariko , Okano Shinji , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Kumai Yoshihiko
Published: April 2024

Background

Although radiotherapy is commonly used to treat head and neck cancer, it may lead to radiation-associated dysphagia (RAD). There are various causes of RAD, however, the mechanism has not yet been fully identified. Currently, the only effective treatment for RAD is rehabilitation. Additionally, there are few available animal models of RAD, necessitating the development of new models to establish and evaluate RAD treatments. We hypothesize that radiation-induced neck muscle fibrosis could be one of the causes of RAD due to impairment of laryngeal elevation. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the changes in inflammation and fibrosis of the strap muscles (Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, and Thyrohyoid muscles) after a single-dose irradiation. This research aims to provide a reference animal model for future studies on RAD.

Results

Compared to control mice, those treated with 20-Gy, but not 6.7-Gy, irradiation had significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.01) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (p < 0.05) expression at 10 days and significantly increased expression levels of motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), α-SMA, tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type1 collagen, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) in the muscles at 1 month by real-time PCR analysis. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the deposition of type 1 collagen gradually increased in extracellular space after radiation exposure, and the positive area was significantly increased at 3 months compared to non-irradiated control.

Conclusions

A single dose of 20-Gy irradiation induced significant inflammation and fibrosis in the strap muscles of mice at 1 month, with immunohistochemical changes becoming evident at 3 months. This cervical irradiation-induced fibrosis model holds potential for establishing an animal model for RAD in future studies.

Level of evidence

N/A.
Quantitative integrative taxonomy informs species delimitation in Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota): the genus Wetmoreana as a case study
Authors: Wilk Karina , Lücking Robert
Published: April 2024

The genus Wetmoreana was studied using quantitative integrative taxonomy methods to resolve the genus delimitation and explore its taxonomy diversity at the species level. As a result, the genus Fulgogasparrea is synonymized with Wetmoreana, and the latter includes 15 formally described species, one subspecies, and three further, thus far undescribed species: W. appressa, W. awasthii comb. nov., W. bahiensis sp. nov., W. brachyloba comb. nov., W. brouardii, W. chapadensis comb. nov., W. circumlobata sp. nov., W. decipioides, W. intensa comb. nov., W. ochraceofulva comb. nov., W. rubra sp. nov., W. sliwae sp. nov., W. sliwae ssp. subparviloba subsp. nov., W. subnitida comb. nov., W. texana, and W. variegata sp. nov. Eleven of 19 examined taxa are newly placed within this genus or confirmed to belong to it. Two species, W. awasthii and W. intensa, are transferred to Wetmoreana without additional analysis but based on previous studies. The W. brouardii and W. ochraceofulva species complexes are discussed in detail. Additionally, Caloplaca muelleri and C. rubina var. evolutior are transferred to Squamulea, and the latter is elevated to the species rank.
Unconjugated bilirubin as a state marker in patients with schizophrenia in acute episode: an Egyptian study
Authors: Abd-Elsamei Afaf Mohamed , Gabry Dina Aly El , Mohamed Maha Sabry , Mohamed Mariam Yehia , Serag Rehab
Published: April 2024

Background

There is a substantial body of evidence linking unconjugated bilirubin to schizophrenia. Most of the earlier research has found a statistically significant relationship between the two factors.

Aim of the work

To study the level of unconjugated bilirubin in individuals with acute schizophrenia and to investigate its correlation with neuropsychological, psychopathological, and psychosocial aspects of the disorder.

Patients and methods

Eighty schizophrenia patients were included in the sample, they had multiple previous episodes and were in acute episodes at the time of recruitment. Forty healthy individuals were recruited for the control group. The DSM-IV was used to diagnose the subjects, and the Trail Making Test (TMT), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), General Assessment of Function (GAF), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) were used to evaluate the subjects’ social functioning, symptom severity, and cognitive functioning. A blood sample was drawn to measure serum bilirubin level. We analyzed the relationship and correlation of unconjugated bilirubin with the previous scale scores.

Results

Compared to healthy control individuals, who volunteered to participate, schizophrenia patients reported significantly higher levels of both total and indirect bilirubin. One subject (with schizophrenia) had an abnormally elevated total bilirubin level (> 1.2 mg/dL). Neither the direct nor the indirect bilirubin levels (> 0.3 mg/dl or > 1.2 mg/dL) were clinically abnormal in any of the patients. PANSS total score, PANSS N score, and PANSS G score were found to have a statistically significant positive connection with levels of total, direct, and indirect bilirubin. Age, gender, smoking, BMI, Total PANSS, PANSS P, PANSS N, PANSS G, GAF, TMT-A, TMT-B, antipsychotic medication, psychotic disorder duration, and duration of untreated psychosis were not predictive of total or indirect bilirubin levels, according to linear regression analysis. However, Total PANSS, PANSS N, and PANSS G were significantly predictive for direct bilirubin levels.

Conclusion

A statistically significant difference in total and unconjugated bilirubin mean serum levels between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals was found. More studies are recommended to revise the contradictory results in literature on the unconjugated bilirubin and Schizophrenia.
NME1 and DCC variants are associated with susceptibility and tumor characteristics in Mexican patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Márquez-González Rosa María , Saucedo-Sariñana Anilú Margarita , de Jesús Tovar-Jacome César , Barros-Núñez Patricio , Gallegos-Arreola Martha Patricia , Orozco-Gutiérrez Mario Humberto , Mariscal-Ramírez Ignacio , Pineda-Razo Tomas Daniel , Alcaraz-Wong Aldo Antonio , Marín-Contreras María Eugenia , Rosales-Reynoso Mónica Alejandra
Published: April 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence globally and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1) and netrin 1 receptor (DCC) genes have been associated with resistance against tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. This study investigates the potential association between NME1 (rs34214448 G > T and rs2302254 C > T) and DCC (rs2229080 G > C and rs714 A > G) variants and susceptibility to colorectal cancer development.

Methods

Samples from 232 colorectal cancer patients and 232 healthy blood donors underwent analysis. Variants were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) methodology. Associations were assessed using odds ratios (OR), and the p values were adjusted with Bonferroni test.

Results

Individuals carrying the G/T and T/T genotypes for the NME1 rs34214448 variant exhibited a higher susceptibility for develop colorectal cancer (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.76–4.09, P = 0.001 and OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.37–4.47, P = 0.001, respectively). These genotypes showed significant associations in patients over 50 years (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.81–4.54, P = 0.001 and OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.54–5.79, P = 0.001 respectively) and with early Tumor-Nodule-Metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.001), and tumor location in the rectum (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the DCC rs2229080 variant revealed that carriers of the G/C genotype had an increased risk for develop colorectal cancer (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.28–3.11, P = 0.002) and were associated with age over 50 years, sex, and advanced TNM stages (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the NME1 rs34214448 and DCC rs2229080 variants play a significant role in colorectal cancer development.
Obesity prevalence in adults and patients with hepatitis C: results from screening a population of 50 million in Egypt
Authors: Esmat Gamal , Zaid Hala , Hassany Mohamed , Abdel-Razek Wael , El-Serafy Magdy , El Akel Wafaa , Salah Aysam , Kamal Ehab , Elshishiney Galal , Ammar Islam , Kabil Khaled , AbdAllah Mohamed , Saeed Ramy , Saad Tarek , Omar Yasser , Dabbous Hany , El-Sayed Manal H. , El Shazly Yehia , Doss Wahid , Waked Imam
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a global health problem and has been increasing in Egypt over the last several decades. A national population screening program for hepatitis C included screening for obesity. Here we report the outcome of body mass index (BMI) calculation for the screened population and for patients with hepatitis C.

Methods Adults 18 years and older (a target population of 62.5 million) were invited to participate in a screening program between October 2018 and April 2019. Persons had their BMI calculated. All data were entered in real-time to a central database via cellular networks. BMI data for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection before starting direct antiviral therapy were obtained from the National Committee for the Control of Viral Hepatitis (NCCVH)

Findings 49.6 million persons (25.6 million females and 24.0 million males) voluntarily participated and had valid height and weight data. 12.7 million females (49.51%) and 7.09 million males (29.53%) were affected by obesity (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2). Obesity increased with age, was more prevalent in females, was more prevalent in the Nile Delta states and in urban areas. Detailed district-level prevalence for the whole country is identified. Prevalence of obesity among 335,504 patients with HCV was higher in females, increased with age, and was significantly lower overall and in males and females than in the screened general population.

Conclusion This is the largest population screening program for obesity. We show that obesity prevalence in the general population is currently among the highest in the world, starting in young adults, and highlight the high prevalence areas. Prevalence is lower in patients with HCV.
Correlation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gut microflora: clinical reports and treatment options
Authors: Jadhav Pranali A. , Thomas Asha B. , Nanda Rabindra K. , Chitlange Sohan S.
Published: April 2024

A prevalent liver condition called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may progress into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cause life-threatening complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer. The development and progression of NAFLD has been linked to the make-up and functioning of the gut microflora. This article reviews the clinical studies reported to investigate the connection between changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic markers in NAFLD patients. According to the study findings, dysbiosis of the gut microflora were observed in NAFLD patients, which are manifested by variations in the proportions of particular bacterial species. These changes are linked to fibrosis, liver inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities. The article also discusses various treatments targeting the gut microbiota, including dietary modifications, exercise, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. These therapies are intended to enhance NAFLD outcomes and reestablish the healthy gut microflora. While some studies have shown promising results, further research is needed to establish the optimal approaches, long-term safety, and efficacy of these treatments for NAFLD.
Development of docetaxel-loaded (Soluplus®–PF108) mixed micelles vacuum foam-dried product for improved stability and melanoma treatment by QbD approach
Authors: Chougale Rutuja , Patil Kiran , Disouza John , Hajare Ashok , Jadhav Namdeo , Kumbhar Popat
Published: April 2024

Background

Docetaxel (DTX) finds extensive use in treating various cancers, but its limited solubility, side effects, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) hinder its effectiveness. To enhance DTX's properties, the study aimed to formulate DTX-loaded mixed micelles (MMs) and evaluate their anticancer potential using Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Using solvent evaporation, DTX-loaded MMs were prepared and optimized via a 32 full factorial design.

Results

The optimized formulation (R5) displayed a % entrapment efficiency (%EE) of 74.81 ± 4.27%, % drug loading capacity (%DLC) of 29.27 ± 0.70%, and mean particle size (MPS) of 71.4 ± 1.24 nm. TEM images confirmed well-dispersed spherical MMs. Analytical studies (IR, DSC, and P-XRD) showed no adverse drug-excipient interactions. The MMs were converted into vacuum foam-dried (VFD) products for enhanced stability. The optimized VFD products exhibited low residual moisture, rapid reconstitution, consistent drug content, and high %EE. Notably, sustained drug release from the VFD product reduced hemolysis and in vitro cytotoxicity against B16F10 melanoma cells.

Conclusion

This study creatively tackled DTX's challenges through targeted MM development, transformed them into VFD products, demonstrating the potential for melanoma treatment. The QbD approach ensures the formulation’s safety, efficacy, and quality, underscoring the promising VFD technology and multifunctionality of mixed micelles.

Graphical abstract
3D non-linear finite element modeling of one-way RC slab strengthened with concrete overlay
Authors: Sharafaldeen Muaaz , Abdelatif Amged O.
Published: April 2024

Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs often require strengthening due to deterioration, increased loads, or design changes. Concrete overlay is a commonly used technique for strengthening, but predicting the behavior of overlays can be challenging. To address this challenge, this study presents a three-dimensional non-linear finite element model using Abaqus/CAE to analyze the structural performance of one-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs strengthened with concrete overlays. The model considers three different bonding conditions at the interface: friction, epoxy, and shear connectors. The predictions of the model were compared to experimental results, and it was found that the model accurately captures the load–deflection response, cracking behavior, and interfacial slip in the strengthened slabs. Additionally, the model accurately predicts the new structural capacity of the strengthened slabs, showing good agreement with experimental data. These findings offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of concrete overlays as a traditional strengthening technique for RC slabs. Moreover, the developed finite element model provides a useful tool for optimizing the design of these overlays.
Foundation News: SEG Trustee Associates honored during Foundation event
Authors: Hewitt Sarah
Published: April 2024

On 31 January 2024, the SEG Foundation recognized its Trustee Associates for their significant charitable contributions to the Foundation and their continued support of SEG programs. The celebration was held at the Houston Country Club in Houston, Texas. It was generously sponsored by SEG supporters, Geophysical Pursuit, SLB, and TGS.
Introduction to this special section: Gravity, electrical, and magnetic methods
Authors: Filina Irina , Fedi Maurizio , Sun Jiajia , Morgan Alan
Published: April 2024

Geophysics plays an important role in all aspects of geologic analysis, spanning from regional exploration and tectonic mapping to local prospect-level studies and energy transition projects. Out of a variety of geophysical techniques, seismic methods often play the most central role, while less expensive nonseismic methods are less frequently applied. One of the objectives of SEG's Gravity and Magnetics Committee is to promote nonseismic geophysical methods and showcase their value in various geologic applications. As members of that committee, we, the editors of this special section, assert that gravity, magnetic, and electrical methodologies are powerful yet often undervalued tools. We present this special section focused on nonseismic geophysical methods and the impact they can make on various geoscience projects. Included here are a regional tectonic study in Antarctica, a local mining exploration mapping project in Canada, and an analytical methodology capable of providing critical information about subsurface geology and helping to determine the depths of important geologic structures. Although our scope is to provide a broader discussion of different types of nonseismic techniques, all of the papers presented in this special section focus on magnetic surveying.
Postpartum blues: a predictor of postpartum depression, from the IGEDEPP Cohort
Authors: Landman Alexandra , Ngameni Elodie Gaelle , Dubreucq Marine , Dubreucq Julien ,   IGEDEPP Groups, Tebeka Sarah , Dubertret Caroline
Published: April 2024

Background

To identify the different factors associated with postpartum blues and its association with postpartum depression, from a large French cohort.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of the Interaction Gene Environment in Postpartum Depression cohort, which is a prospective, multicenter cohort including 3310 women. Their personal (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition [DSM-5]) and family psychiatric history, stressful life events during childhood, pregnancy, and delivery were collected. Likewise, the French version of the Maternity Blues Scale questionnaire was administered at the maternity department. Finally, these women were assessed at 8 weeks and 1 year postpartum by a clinician for postpartum depression according to DSM-5 criteria.

Results

The prevalence of postpartum blues in this population was 33%, and significant factors associated with postpartum blues were found as personal (aOR = 1.2) and family psychiatric history (aOR = 1.2), childhood trauma (aOR = 1.3), obstetrical factors, or events related to the newborn, as well as an experience of stressful life events during pregnancy (aOR = 1.5). These factors had a cumulative effect, with each additional factor increasing the risk of postpartum blues by 31%. Furthermore, adjustment for sociodemographic measures and history of major depressive episode revealed a significant association between postpartum blues and postpartum depression, mainly at early onset, within 8 weeks after delivery (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.6–2.7), but also at late onset (aOR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1–1.9), and mainly if the postpartum blues is severe.

Conclusion

These results justify raising awareness among women with postpartum blues, including reassurance and information about postpartum depression, its symptomatology, and the need for management in case of worsening or prolongation of postpartum blues.
Growth Trajectories of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term With Low Birth Weight to Preschool Ages: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Cha Jong Ho , Kang Eungu , Na Jae Yoon , Ryu Soorack , Choi Young-Jin , Kim Ja Hye
Published: April 2024

Context

Preterm (PT) and full-term with low birth weight (FT-LBW) children are at a high-risk of poor growth outcomes.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the growth trajectories of PT and FT-LBW children from birth to preschool ages.

Methods

This study included 1 150 508 infants (PT, 41 454; FT-LBW, 38 250) who underwent the first 3 rounds (4-6, 9-12, and 18-24 months) of the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC). Growth measurements were obtained from the NHSPIC database and converted into Z-scores. Growth data at ages 2, 4, and 6 years were measured as outcome variables. The effect of being born small on poor growth outcomes was investigated using a generalized estimating equation and Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis.

Results

The median birth weights of the PT, FT-LBW, and FT groups were 2.3, 2.4, and 3.2 kg, respectively. The incidence of short stature (height Z-score < −2 SD score [SDS]) and failure to thrive (FTT) (body mass index (BMI) Z-score < −2 SDS) was the highest in the FT-LBW group, followed by the PT and FT groups. At age 4 years, the incidence rates were 6.0% vs 5.2% vs 1.9% for short stature and 4.6% vs 3.9% vs 1.7% for FTT. The β estimate of height outcome was lower both in the PT (−0.326 SDS) and FT-LBW (−0.456 SDS) groups.

Conclusion

The FT-LBW group was consistently shorter and lighter throughout the preschool period than the PT group, highlighting the significance of growth monitoring in high-risk populations.
Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Pituitary Corticotroph Tumors
Authors: Piña Jeremie Oliver , Faucz Fabio R , Padilla Cameron , Floudas Charalampos S , Chittiboina Prashant , Quezado Martha , Tatsi Christina
Published: April 2024

Context

Spatial transcriptomic (ST) analysis of tumors provides a novel approach to studying gene expression along with the localization of tumor cells in their environment to uncover spatial interactions.

Design

We present ST analysis of corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. ST data were compared to immunohistochemistry results. Gene expression profiles were reviewed for cluster annotations, and differentially expressed genes were used for pathway analysis.

Results

Seven tumors were used for ST analysis. In situ annotation of tumor tissue was inferred from the gene expression profiles and was in concordance with the annotation made by a pathologist. Furthermore, relative gene expression in the tumor corresponded to common protein staining used in the evaluation of PitNETs, such as reticulin and Ki-67 index. Finally, we identified intratumor heterogeneity; clusters within the same tumor may present with different transcriptomic profiles, unveiling potential intratumor cell variability.

Conclusion

Together, our results provide the first attempt to clarify the spatial cell profile in PitNETs.
Peripheral Nerve Block to Treat Pain Caused by Daboia palaestinae Envenomation
Authors: Nachshon Akiva , Bazer Rashit , Dagan Gil , Firman Shimon
Published: April 2024

Snakebite pain can be challenging to control. We describe our experience managing intolerable pain after conventional treatment failed. A 35-year-old man, presented after a viper snakebite, suffering from intolerable pain in the affected extremity. He had no significant past medical history. All attempts to control the pain conventionally were unsuccessful. Treatment with a supraclavicular nerve block resulted in immediate relief. After the block receded, only a dull pain remained, which later disappeared without recurrence. This experience illustrates the need for personalized pain treatment to avoid subsequent complications.
Early Intervention and Use of Autologous Grafts in Growing Skull Fractures Results in Better Outcomes: Experience From a Tertiary Pediatric Neurosurgery Center
Authors: Tahir M. Zubair , Mirza Farhan A. , Thompson Dominic N. P. , Hayward Richard
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare complication of pediatric head trauma. Definitive treatment is surgical repair. We have attempted to assess whether use of autologous grafts for duraplasty and cranioplasty leads to better outcomes. We have also attempted to understand how timing of surgery might affect the degree of underlying damage to cortical tissue.

METHODS:

This is a single-center retrospective observational study based on review from the Great Ormond Street Hospital Neurosurgery prospective surgical database. All patients undergoing surgery for GSF repair between 1991 and 2015 were included. Surgical techniques included split calvarial grafts in 4 patients, whereas rest had full-thickness bone grafting. In all cases with full-thickness graft, the donor site was covered with morselized bone chips mixed with fibrin glue (Salami technique).

RESULTS:

Twenty-eight patients were identified (16 males, 12 females). The average age at the time of injury was 13 months. The mean duration of onset of symptoms from the time of injury was 4.4 months. The time interval from symptom onset to surgical repair was 5.92 months. Seven patients had Type I GSF (leptomeningeal cyst with minimal brain parenchyma), 13 had type II (hernia containing gliotic brain), and 8 had type III (porencephalic cyst extending through the skull defect into subgaleal space). Patients with delayed presentation had severe brain injury (Type III) and had more long-term complications (refractory epilepsy requiring temporo-occipito-parietal disconnection and development of hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion).

CONCLUSION:

Autologous pericranium for duraplasty and split-thickness bone graft or the Salami technique are recommended for cranioplasty. Synthetic materials should be used if the index operation fails or there are complications. Patients with high-risk findings should be identified at the time of initial presentation and followed up in clinic early to prevent onset of neurological deficit. Early repair is associated with better neurological outcomes.
mRNA epitranscriptomics
Authors: Meyer Kate D. , Pan Tao
Published: April 2024

Epitranscriptomics refers to chemical changes in RNAs and includes numerous chemical types with varying stoichiometry and functions. RNA modifications are highly diverse in chemistry and respond in cell-type- and cell-state-dependent manners that enable and facilitate the execution of a wide array of biological functions. This includes roles in the regulation of transcription, translation, chromatin maintenance, immune response, and many other processes. This special issue presents the past, present, and future of epitranscriptomics research with a focus on mRNA. It includes perspectives from experts in the field, with the goal of encouraging discussions and debates that will further advance this area of research and enable it to realize its full potential in basic research and applications to human health and disease.
Μελέτη της Γλυκoπρωτεΐνης S του ιού Sars Cov 2: Μια Διερευνητική Παρέμβαση στη Διδασκαλία της Βιολογίας της Β’ Λυκείου με τη χρήση του Λογισμικού iCn3D
Authors: Ζαφειροπούλου Αργυρούλα , Παπασιδέρη Ισιδώρα , Στασινάκης Παναγιώτης
Published: April 2024

Η διδακτική παρέμβαση που περιγράφεται ακολούθως υλοποιήθηκε στα πλαίσια του μαθήματος της Βιολογίας Β’ Λυκείου και αναφέρεται στις ενότητες του σχολικού εγχειριδίου που σχετίζονται με την υγεία του ανθρώπου. Η παρούσα πρόταση αξιοποιεί τις δυνατότητες της μοριακής οπτικοποίησης, δομικής ανάλυσης και ευθυγράμμισης αλληλουχιών του εργαλείου iCn3D και πρωτεϊνικές δομές του βιοπληροφορικού πόρου PDB, για την οργάνωση διερευνητικών δραστηριοτήτων με προσδοκώμενο μαθησιακό αποτέλεσμα την εμβάθυνση στην εννοιολογική κατανόηση της δομής και της λειτουργίας των πρωτεϊνών, των αλληλεπιδράσεων των αμινοξέων τους, των αλλαγών τους με την επίδραση μεταλλάξεων και της γενετικής ποικιλομορφίας τους. Ως πλαίσιο μελέτης χρησιμοποιήθηκε η γλυκοπρωτεΐνη S του ιού Sars Cov 2. Οι μαθητές/-τριες εργάστηκαν σε ομάδες με φύλλο εργασίας. Από τη στατιστική ανάλυση των δεδομένων της διερεύνησης των απόψεων των μαθητών/-τριών προέκυψε ότι ενισχύθηκε σημαντικά η κατανόηση των σχετικών βιολογικών εννοιών, ενδυναμώθηκε το ενδιαφέρον τους και βελτιώθηκε αισθητά η γνώμη τους για το μάθημα της Βιολογίας.