bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cohort Study Of HIV Positive Pregnant Mothers On Antiretroviral Drugs (ARVs) In The Gambian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Anyanwu Matthew , Anya Sam , Offiong Richard , Ekele Bissallah
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAims: The use of HAART in pregnancy has shown remarkable improvement in immune status and have revolutionized the approach of care to people living with HIV. Some adverse pregnancy conditions have been reported which may depend on type of regimen, time and duration of use. The use of ARVs in pregnancy have been dynamic and transition from one regimen to the other have setting and country based variations. Therefore, knowing the impact of ARVs in pregnancy among PLHIV in our settings deserve evidence based information.MethodsPregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the hospital were prospectively recruited and followed up. HIV positive mothers were recruited irrespective of gestation age. At the time of delivery, obstetric and neonatal characteristics were entered into computer database. Mothers and their children were followed until 6 weeks postpartum. The data was analyzed with Epi-info version 7.1.5. Chi square at significant level of 0.05 and confidence level of 95% was used to determine significance.ResultsA total of 55 HIV positive mothers were in the study. The age range was between 18 to 45 years and parity was 0 to 8. The mean birth weight and gestation age at delivery was 2.92 kg (SD 0.556) and 36 weeks (SD 2.8 weeks) respectively. The absolute CD4 count of 350cells/mm3 and above (57.13%) was associated with low incidence of low birth weight. The mean glycaemic results were within normal range, 4.02–4.75 and 5.00-6.79 Mmol/l pre and post prandial respectively.Conclusionlow birth weight was not associated with HAART in pregnancy and good immune condition was not associated any low birth weight. There was no association of protease inhibitors and gestational diabetes mellitus
Clinical Characteristics, Dynamic Profile of Radiology and Laboratory Findings in Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: liu ailing , Zhang Jing , Qiao Wei , Zang Wei , Zhang Yingying , Kang Junyang , Teng Haifeng
Published: May 2020

Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, more and more data from different area and different stages of disease have been needed.Methods In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all 38 confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Weihai from Jan 24 to Feb 24, 2020. Patients were divided into group A by normal Oxygenation Index (OI), group B by abnormal OI (less than 400 mmHg).The dynamic changes in clinical laboratory parameters were tracked from day 1 to day 32 after the onset of the disease at 4-day intervals. Cases were analyzed for clinical, radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Feb 24, 2020.Results 38 patients with Covid-19 were included in this study, 68.42% patients were family clustered, and 97.37% patients had a history of exposure. The mean days between exposure and onset were about 5 days. Most patients were men, mean age was 43 years, 52.6% patients had chronic diseases. Most patients had fever or cough, about a third of patients had expectoration or fatigue, and 5 (13.16%) patients had shortness of breath.
Intestinal flora imbalance induced by antibiotic use in rats
Authors: Tong Guojun , Qian Hai , Li Dongli , Li Jing , Chen Jing , Li Xiongfeng
Published: May 2020

Background

In our study, we administered various concentrations of antibiotics to rats, to investigate the changes in the flora of rat feces.
Methods

Similar Sprague Dawley female rats (n = 84) were divided into A - G groups. The rat feces were collected for microbial analysis. The analytical method used a different culture medium for bacterial cultures and count colonies under a microscope. On the 11th and 15th days, we dissected one rat in each group, taking 5 ml of abdominal aortic blood. TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected by an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA).
Results

Rats have an average weight of 176.26 g. Between the groups no significant difference was found for starting average weight (p > 0.05) but after experiments, significant differences existed in weight, food intake, water intake, and stool samples within 2 hours (p = 0.04, 0.016, < 0.001, and 0.009, respectively). Significant differences were found between the groups for nine tested microbiotas (p < 0.001). TNF-α,IL1-β༌IL-6༌and CRP were significantly different between all groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusions

Antibiotics can cause disorder in rat intestinal flora, also causing an inflammatory response in their blood system.
Survey of knowledge and perceptions of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic stewardship among doctors and pharmacists in a tertiary hospital: a pilot study
Authors: Akpan Mary , Kingsley Idong Imo , Ekuma Agantem , Udoh Arit
Published: May 2020

Background: Antibiotic resistance poses a serious global public health threat and results in prolonged illness, increased mortality and cost. The WHO global action plan on antibiotic resistance emphasizes five strategic objectives, including improved awareness of antibiotic resistance and optimization of antibiotic use. The objectives of this study were to assess doctors’ and pharmacists’ knowledge and perceptions of antibiotic resistance and stewardship, and hospital’s preparedness to implement antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs).Methods: One hundred and twenty-four doctors and 61 pharmacists were surveyed in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Descriptive and Pearson chi-square analysis were carried out to compare knowledge and perceptions between the two groups. Results: Both doctors and pharmacists perceived antibiotic resistance as a global and national problem (98% vs 97%), respectively. Both groups perceived excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antibiotics for common cold and cough increase resistance (84% vs 75%, 71% vs 82%, respectively). Only 47% of doctors and 53% of pharmacists correctly defined antibiotic stewardship with 77% and 85%, respectively, agreeing that restriction of certain antibiotics reduces resistance. There was with no significant difference in knowledge between the two groups in majority of questions/statements; however, there was association between length of practice and knowledge of causes of antibiotic resistance (F = 2.586; p = 0.028).Conclusion: Participants in this study showed good knowledge of the prevalence and causes of antibiotic resistance, as well as antibiotic stewardship strategies. There was however little awareness of the hospital’s plan to implement ASPs. Hospital management needs to emphasize optimizing antibiotic use through stewardship programs.
The effect and mechanism of Modified Guo-Min Decoction and Yu-Ping-Feng Powder on fine particulate matter-induced lung inflammatory injury and airway mucus hypersecretion in rats
Authors: Feng Feng , Zhu Changle , Meng Yufeng , Guo Fang , Feng Cuiling
Published: May 2020

Background

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) severely impairs public health. The mechanism of PM2.5-induced lung injury is complex and diverse. Modified Guo-Min Decoction (MGMD) and Yu-Ping-Feng Powder (YPFP) have been found to improve clinical symptoms in respiratory patients during smog weather, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of YPFP and MGMD against PM2.5-induced lung injury.
Methods

We established the PM2.5 animal model by intratracheal instilling of PM2.5 suspensions. Rats were administrated MGMD/YPFP/distilled water via gavage every day, and all rats were sacrificed after 28 days. At the end of experiment, BALF and lung tissues were collected. Condition of lung injury, inflammatory cells infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, MUC5AC synthesis and release, and phosphorylation of TLR2-MyD88-NFκB and EGFR-PI3K-AKT signalling pathway were evaluated.
Results

The results demonstrated that both MGMD and YPFP protected rats from PM2.5-induced damaged structure of lung tissues. The infiltration of neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil was reduced after the treatment of two therapies. The production of pro-inflammatory mediators, MCP-1 and NE, as well as the type2 inflammation-related cytokines, IgE and IL-4, were decreased by MGMD and YPFP. However, the MGMD showed more potent effect on inhibiting IL-4, while YPFP benefited in preventing ICMA-1, IL-1β, and IL-17A. Rare significance was detected in the TLR2-MyD88-NFκB of each group. Treatment with MGMD and YPFP decreased goblet cell hyperplasia and the expressions of MUC5AC. The further investigation demonstrated that YPFP had the effect of simultaneously inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, whereas MGMD only showed a significant difference in AKT.
Conclusions

Therefore, both MGMD and YPFP could significantly attenuate PM2.5-induced inflammation of lung and airway mucus hypersecretion. Nevertheless, YPFP had more advantage in preventing type1 inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, while MGMD was more beneficial in reducing type2 inflammation.
Construction of a Prognostic Model for Predicting Overall Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Han Shuwen , Ding Kefeng
Published: May 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. The purpose of this study is to construct a prognostic model for predicting the overall survival (OS) in patients with CRC. Methods: The mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs) between tumor and normal tissues were screened. The Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox regression analysis were used to screen the survival-related genes. Functional enrichment analysis of survival-related genes was conducted, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Subsequently, the potential drugs targeting differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) were investigated. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was then conducted to screen the independent prognostic factors, and these genes were used to establish a prognostic model. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) value of ROC was calculated to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the model. Results: A total of 855 survival-related genes were screened. These genes were mainly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms, such as methylation, synapse organization, and methyltransferase activity; and pathway analysis showed that these genes were significantly involved in N-Glycan biosynthesis and the calcium signaling pathway. PPI analysis showed that aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) and cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (CHRM2) served vital roles in the development of CRC. Aminolevulinic acid, levulinic acid, and loxapine might be potential drugs for CRC treatment. The prognostic models were built and the patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median of risk score (RS) as screening threshold. The OS for patients in the high-risk group was markedly shorter than that for patients in the low-risk group. Meanwhile, kazal type serine peptidase inhibitor domain 1 (KAZALD1), hippocalcin like 4 (HPCAL4), cadherin 8 (CDH8), synaptopodin 2 (SYNPO2), cyclin D3 (CCND3), and hsa_mir_26b may be independent prognostic factors that could be considered as therapeutic targets for CRC.Conclusion: We established prognostic models that could predict the OS for CRC patients and may assist clinicians in providing personalized and precision treatment in this patient population.Highlights:1. ALAD served a vital role in the development of CRC.2. CHRM2 played a role in CRC development by affecting the calcium signaling pathway.3. Aminolevulinic acid, levulinic acid, and loxapine might be potential drugs for treating CRC.4. KAZALD1 and HPCAL4 were associated with the OS of CRC.5. CDH8, SYNPO2, CCND3, and hsa-mir-26b were closely related to the prognostic of CRC staging.
Cryopreservating Human Dental Pulp Tissue at Tooth Extraction for Later Culturing Proliferative and Multipotent Cells
Authors: Yan Ming , Fu Lingling , Kluwe Lan , Li Xiangjun , Ren Guiyun , Smeets Ralf , Gosau Martin , liu xiao
Published: May 2020

Background Teeth extracted are usually disposed as bio-waste whereas they could serve as an autologous tissue for culturing multipotent dental pulp cells which have application potential in regenerative medicine. The present study aims to examine the feasibility of cryopreservating dental pulp tissue at teeth extraction for later culturing cells. Methods The pulp tissue from each of a total of 10 teeth were cut into small fragments which were then divided into two portions. One portion was directly used for culturing pulp cells using the explant method. The other portion was cryopreserved with 10% DMSO in liquid nitrogen for at least one month and then thawed for culturing pulp cells. Results Vital cells were obtained from all the 10 pulp fragment suspensions which went through cryopreservation. The cell outgrowth from the explants of cryopreserved pulp fragments was two days later than that of corresponding fresh pulp tissue. Otherwise, no difference was observed in proliferation, expression of stem cell markers and differentiation into adipose cells and osteoblasts between the two groups of cells cultured from the fresh or the cryopreserved pulp fragments. Conclusions Cryopreservating fragmented dental pulp tissue therefore provides a feasible option for saving pulp tissues as autologous cells sources for possible later application.
Dental caries experience in adults: a cross-sectional community survey within Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Birke , Engida Fasikawit , Hanlon Charlotte , Prince Martin J , Gallagher Jennifer E
Published: May 2020

Background Ethiopia is a large and diverse developing sub-Saharan African country with increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, including oral conditions. Oral health and dental care have been given little consideration, and there is limited information relating to population oral health and use of dental services in the country. The aim of this study was to examine the burden and impact of dental caries experience and investigate access to dental care amongst adults within Ethiopia. Methodology This community-based oral health survey is a baseline study for the ASSET - Health System Strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa project undertaken in the Butajira area, south-central Ethiopia. A stratified random sample of households and individuals were participated in the study. The survey was informed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Survey Methods (5th ed.) at International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) threshold 4 and the UK Adult Dental Health Survey 2009. Face-to-face interviews and clinical dental examinations were conducted. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics; and a binary logistic regression model was built to assess the association of dental caries and predictor variables: demographics, health behaviours, quality of life, dentition status and consequences of untreated caries data in adults (≥18 years).Result Most of the study population (n=626) were female (63.9%), married (71.4%) and Muslim (76.0%). Just over half (53.2%) lived in rural areas and many (44.4%) had no formal education. A majority (74.0%) reported never attending a dental service. Sixty percent (n=377) of the adults had experienced dental caries, 88.0% (n=332) of whom had untreated carious teeth. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model; increasing age, dental attendance and Khat chewing had a positive significant association with dental caries experience, whilst education status was negatively associated (p<0.05).Conclusion This study demonstrated a high burden of dental caries and considerable impact resulting from untreated disease in this population of adults. There was also evidence of social inequity and limited overall access to dental care, highlighting the need for health system strengthening.
SENP1 Knockdown Suppresses Tumor Progression in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Regulating AAR Genes Expression
Authors: Cheng Hong , Li Renda , Wang Feng , Yu Xiangyang , Wang Feng , Gao Yi-Bo , Mu Juwei , He Jie
Published: May 2020

Background SUMO specific peptidase 1(SENP1) is an important factor involved in the regulation of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modification. Our previous research has shown that SENP1 could be a potential tumor-promoting factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its role in tumor progression remains largely unknown. This study aims to characterize the role of SENP1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods The TCGA database provided us expression profiles of SENP1 and overall survival rates. loss-of-function assays were performed to examine the effect of SENP1 on proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunoprecipitation (IP), western blot and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) were carried out to reveal the interrelation between SENP1, SIRT6 and AAR (amino acid response) genes signal pathway. Results In this study, we found that SENP1 was expressed at high levels in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and advanced TNM stages and was significantly associated with poor prognosis. we also found that SENP1 knockdown inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell progression in vitro and in vivo. SUMOylation of SIRT6 was also observed in lung adenocarcinoma, and it was reduced by SENP1. SUMOylation of SIRT6 specifically increased its deacetylation of histone H3 on lysine 56 instead of that of lysine 9 (H3K9) in an in vitro model. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of SENP1 reduced the expression of AAR genes by decreasing H3K56 acetylation through increasing SIRT6 SUMOylation. Moreover, mutation of the SUMOylation sites of Sirt6 reduced its tumor-suppressive effects. Conclusions These results revealed that SENP1 promotion of tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma and its tumor-promoting effects might be attributed to its important role in the regulation of Sirt6 SUMOylation and the expression of AAR genes.
Downregulation of the lncRNA RP11-432I5.4 inhibits tumorigenesis in the JAK2V617F-positive classic myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wu Hao , Zhang Wen-Jun , Fu Jian-Fei , Liang Ai-Bin
Published: May 2020

Background: Although aberrant expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with many human cancers, little is known about its role in the JAK2V617F-positive classic myeloproliferative neoplasms (cMPNs). Methods: In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs in human cMPNs cells using a lncRNA cDNA microarray and identified the lncRNA RP11-432I5.4 acted as an effective factor in JAK2V617F-positive cMPN cells. Results: The lncRNA RP11-432I5.4 showed higher expression in cMPN patients, especially higher in JAK2V617F-positive cells compared with JAK2V617F-negative cells. Overexpression of lncRNA RP11-432I5.4 increased the proliferation of JAK2V617F-positive cells while downregulation of it decreased proliferation, promoted apoptosis and triggered S phase arrest of JAK2V617F-positive cells. Furthermore, in a mouse xenograft model, the silencing of lncRNARP11-432I5.4 repressed tumor formation in vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, these results revealed that lncRNA RP11-432I5.4 plays an important role in cMPN tumorigenesis and may be a potential novel target for treatment of JAK2V617F-positive cMPN patients.
Effect of diversified meals only, or either enriched with Amaranthus tricolor and Moringa oleifera leaf powder or commercial micronutrient powder on prevention/treatment of anemia in Adivasi children, West Bengal, India
Authors: Stiller Caroline Katharina , Golembiewski Silvia Konstanze Ellen , Stuetz Wolfgang , Golembiewski Monika , Rincon Daniela Gomez , Mondal Srikanta , Biesalski Hans Konrad , Scherbaum Veronika
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives: Malnutrition associated with anemia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Adivasi children in India. The present trial aimed to test three possible ways of designing improved supplementary meals and to define their role in decreasing rates of anemia, thus increasing hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations as primary health objective: diversified meals only (intervention group 1 (IG 1)), with the addition of locally producible Amaranthus tricolor/Moringa oleifera leaf powders (ALP/MLP) in the ratio 2:1 (IG2) or with an adjusted amount of commercially produced micronutrient powder TopNutri (IG3). Methods: Cluster-randomization of 21 villages resulted in the inclusion of n=293 children aged 6-39 months after baseline assessment. The trial duration was 18 months, beginning in February 2015 (baseline assessment), with application of study meals three times a week at community level. Anthropometric, Hb (HemoCue201+) and morbidity data were collected in a total of four assessment points. At baseline a socio-economic questionnaire was performed. Results: Adjusted for age and Hb concentrations at baseline, time between assessment points, and gender; IG1 showed significant higher Hb concentrations as compared to the control group (CG) throughout the intervention period. The Hb of the remaining intervention groups IG2 or IG3, remained comparable to the CG at all assessment points. The effect on growth indices was less consistent, however most positive tendencies related to nutrition status (stunting, underweight, wasting) and morbidity reduction were attributable to IG3, indicating the beneficial role of a holistic nutrient composition in addressing undernutrition and infectious diseases. Conclusion: This low-dose intervention trial proofed the feeding of diversified diets alone (IG1) to be sufficient to significantly increase Hb concentrations of study children. On the way of achieving diversified diets for Santal children the promotion of kitchen garden programs combined with interactive awareness trainings may be a key measure. Trial registration: the trial was retrospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register on the 1 st July 2019 (DRKS00017388). URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00017388
A study on COVID-19 transmission dynamics: Stability analysis of SEIR model with Hopf bifurcation for effect of time delay
Authors: M.Rasha  , S.Balamuralitharan
Published: May 2020

This paper deals with a general SEIR model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the effect of time delay proposed. We get the stability theorems for disease-free equilibrium and provide adequate situations of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics equilibrium of present and absent cases. A Hopf bifurcation parameter $\tau$ is the effects of time delay and we demonstrate that the locally asymptotic stable is present equilibrium. The Reproduction number is brief in less than or greater than one, and it effectively controlling the COVID-19 infection outbreak, and subsequently reveals insight into understanding the patterns of the flare-up. The numerical experiment is calculated to help the theoretical outcomes.
EFICÁCIA DAS MEDIDAS COIBITIVAS EM RELAÇÃO ÀS CONDIÇÕES ANÁLOGAS A ESCRAVIDÃO NA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL EM SÃO PAULO
Authors: TAVARES Ingrid Helena , OLIVEIRA Maria Cláudia Santana Lima de
Published: May 2020

As garantias mínimas de proteção ao trabalhador estão previstas na constituição Federal Brasileira, de 1988 que tem como um dos princípios a dignidade humana e a valorização do trabalho, contudo o trabalho análogo à escravidão em território nacional está intrinsecamente ligado à herança cultural e a desigualdade. Nos últimos anos, a imprensa começou a relatar em diversos setores da economia casos em que os trabalhadores são submetidos à ambientes laborais desumanos. No que concerne a indústria têxtil nacional, averigua-se que a mesma está envolvida em escândalos que dizem respeito às condições análogas a escravidão, utilizando-se principalmente de mão de obra de países vizinhos. Como exemplo, utiliza-se informações da ONG Not for Sale, que em 2014 constatou que 30 milhões de pessoas foram vítimas da “escravidão moderna”. A indagação do presente artigo científico fundamenta-se na eficácia das medidas coibitivas em relação às condições análogas a escravidão no estado de São Paulo. O assunto central em que a temática se insere concentra-se na necessidade de averiguar quais as medidas que visam a coibir o trabalho com condições análogas à escravidão e se essas medidas realmente são eficazes no cenário atual.
ASSOCIAÇÃO DE PROTEÇÃO E ASSISTÊNCIA AOS CONDENADOS (APAC): RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO E DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA
Authors: GONZAGA Karina , GIOLO JÚNIOR Cildo
Published: May 2020

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar a estrutura e funcionamento das APACs contextualizando-as em contraste às instituições prisionais tradicionais, tendo em vista o princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana e a Lei de Execução Penal, instituída pela Lei Nº 7210/84. Diante da constante problemática do sistema padrão que enfrenta problemas como superlotação, alta taxa de reincidência e controle pelas facções criminosas, as APACs emergem como modelo alternativo focado na humanização da execução penal, proporcionando condições para a recuperação e proteção da sociedade, possibilitando uma reflexão sobre o sistema penitenciário como um todo.
HONORÁRIOS ADVOCATÍCIOS À LUZ DA REFORMA TRABALHISTA (LEI Nº 13.467/17)
Authors: PEDAES Kaique Souza , ÁGUILA Iara Marthos
Published: May 2020

A Lei nº 13.467/17, que ficou conhecida como Reforma Trabalhista, instituiu no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho os honorários de sucumbência. O objetivo desta investigação científica é analisar as regras relativas ao tema, bem como refletir suposta inconstitucionalidade do §4º do art. 791-A da CLT, que autoriza a cobrança de honorários de beneficiário da justiça gratuita. Para tanto, utilizou-se das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Com o trabalho, encontrou-se convergência entre doutrinadores quanto a hipótese de honorários de sucumbência recíproca, ao passo que se observou divergência no Supremo Tribunal Federal, e em diferentes instâncias da Justiça do Trabalho, sobre a cobrança de honorários de beneficiário da justiça gratuita.
A ATIPICIDADE DAS MEDIDAS EXECUTIVAS NO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL E O EQUILÍBRIO COM OS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: NERY Gabriele Caldas
Published: May 2020

Pretende-se com o presente artigo, abordar as questões acerca da nova execução implantada no código de processo civil, a execução atípica, verificando a sua aplicabilidade no caso concreto. Devido a tentativas falhas de execução em seu procedimento típico, ou seja, tradicional, o legislador exarou ao dispositivo processual o inciso IV, do artigo 139, em que concede ao juiz determinar todas as medidas necessárias para assegurar o cumprimento de ordem judicial, inclusive nas ações que tenham por objeto prestação pecuniária. Esse novo preceito surgiu com a pretensão de dar maior celeridade e efetividade ao cumprimento de sentença, principalmente ao de pagar coisa certa. O óbice ocorre por ser um artigo genérico, podendo ocorrer à flexibilização de direitos fundamentais do devedor, assim faz-se necessária a análise jurídica desse novo procedimento através de princípios como o da proporcionalidade e de requisitos que devem ser seguidos pelo intérprete para a aplicabilidade de medidas atípicas com mais precisão, a fim de ponderar os direitos e proporcionar um melhor equilíbrio dos mesmos entre os sujeitos da relação processual.
A REPRESENTATIVIDADE DA BANCADA EVANGÉLICA NO ESTADO LAICO: Análise de projetos apresentados ao Congresso Nacional.
Authors: ALMEIDA Bruno Lopes de
Published: May 2020

O presente projeto de pesquisa pode ser justificado, vez que, a Constituição Federal de 1988 preconizou um Estado laico paralelo ao desrespeito dos mesmos princípios e garantias fundamentais nela contidos. Significa conferir historicamente e legalmente as ações tomadas pela bancada evangélica e tem como norteador o texto constitucional e a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (DUDH). Todo esse processo justifica a necessidade crescente de análises profunda na sociedade e como refletem as políticas públicas nas parcelas excluídas (ou com menor representatividade) como religiões de origem africanas, a sociedade LGBTQI+ e o Conservadorismo imposto.
Welcome to Raman Spectroscopy: Successes, Challenges, and Pitfalls
Authors: Pasteris Jill D. , Beyssac Olivier
Published: May 2020

Geoscientists quickly recognized the broad applicability of Raman micro-probe spectroscopy to the Earth and planetary sciences, especially after commercially built microprobe instruments became available in the early 1980s. Raman spectra are sensitive to even minor (chemical or structural) perturbations within chemical bonds in (even amorphous) solids, liquids, and gases and can, thus, help identify, characterize, and differentiate between individual minerals, fluid inclusions, glasses, carbonaceous materials, solid solution phases, strain in minerals, and dissolved species in multi-component solutions. The articles in this issue explore how Raman spectroscopy has deepened and broadened our understanding of geological and extraterrestrial materials and processes.
Análisis de las representaciones de los cálculos operacionales en la solución de un problema de movimiento uniforme
Authors: Escobar Hugo , Abello Correa Rocío , Castaño García Jorge
Published: May 2020

El artículo expone el análisis de las representaciones de doce participantes respecto del cálculo operacional al manipular las variables de velocidad, tiempo y distancia y su relación, en la solución de un problema de proporcionalidad presentado por el Software URANUS v1 y tres tareas de control. Se utilizó el método microgenético para analizar los patrones de ejecución y entrevistas semiestructuradas para inferir por análisis de contenido de las verbalizaciones, las representaciones respectivas. Se ilustran tres casos, novato, intermedio y experto, quienes utilizaron diversos cálculos de adición, multiplicación y proporcionalidad y distintas relaciones entre variables, desde la ausencia de nexos, hasta concebirlas interrelacionadas respecto de la distancia. Cinco sujetos intermedios presentaron la representación tipo R3 de cálculos aditivos con relación entre las variables que produce efectos. Un experto reveló la representación tipo R5 de cálculo proporcional. En síntesis, la solución del problema exige complejas interacciones, sujeto, tarea y contexto social educativo.
La dietética como una elección de vida: una mirada desde la medicina hipocrática
Authors: Maca Sanchez Marlyn Patricia
Published: May 2020

El Corpus Hippocraticum, corresponde a la primera colección de escritos médicos griegos; donde se halla la medicina hipocrática. Esta colección se colocó sin excepción bajo el nombre de Hipócrates de Cos, al reunirse en la Biblioteca de Alejandría a mediados o finales del  siglo III a.C. Hallamos en él, que el médico hipocrático para el tratamiento de la enfermedad así como para la conservación de la salud formula una dieta, que está conformada por un conjunto de prácticas diarias. En el presente estudio se analizan algunas obras del Corpus, que versan sobre dietética, y se intenta evidenciar que la dieta (díaita) en la antigüedad al estar constituida por alimentos (sîta), bebidas (potá) y ejercicios (pónoi), prácticas que recorren la vida diaria del hombre; expresan una elección de vida, que surge de una conciencia sobre una salud que se debe cuidar, y es sinónimo de equilibrio; es lo que conviene al hombre.
Mental Health COVID 19: Part 2
Authors: Pallitt Nicola
Published: May 2020

The guidance below is a brief compilation of suggestions that might help you better manage your mood and anxiety over the lockdown period (or help prevent these from worsening), when so many of our normal coping mechanisms are necessarily curtailed. The list starts with some general suggestions that are applicable to all of us,

including those who already struggle with psychological distress, and then goes on to describe some specific suggestions for those of us who struggle with specific anxiety disorders and depression. However, this is not a substitute for psychological or psychiatric treatment.
Tips for online learning
Authors: Pallitt Nicola
Published: May 2020

Learning online is a new experience for many of us. We will be required to approach our learning differently. We may be unsure of expectations and how to go about things. Suddenly we have unstructured time and may not know how to continue with our studies. We suggest that you follow your regular time table to access your lectures, tasks and assignments from the RUconnected site for each course at the set times. This will help to structure your days and keep you from falling behind. However, we can try to take some steps to ensure that we are able to learn online with success. Here are 10 tips to stay focused and successful during this transition to online learning​.
RU Centre for Higher Education Research Teaching and Learning
Authors: CHERTL Rhodes University,
Published: May 2020

The work of CHERTL involves the
development of academic staff as professional educators, the promotion
and assurance of quality in teaching and learning, and the development
of student learning in conjunction with academic departments, the latter
more directly through the work of the Extended Studies Unit
(ESU). In addition, CHERTL also functions as an academic department of
Rhodes University focused on Higher Education as a field of study and
the development of teaching and learning in higher education. The Centre conducts research on teaching
and learning in higher education and offers formal programmes in Higher
Education Studies contributing to the development of quality teaching
and learning. The Centre is also responsible for promoting
service-learning within the institution, for the administration and
development of the Next Generation of Academics (nGAP), for enhancing
the quality of short courses and supporting tutor coordinators.
Application of unsupervised learning and process simulation for energy optimization of a WWTP under various weather conditions
Authors: Borzooei Sina , Miranda Gisele H. B. , Abolfathi Soroush , Scibilia Gerardo , Meucci Lorenza , Zanetti Maria Chiara
Published: May 2020

This paper outlines a hybrid modeling approach to facilitate weather-based operation and energy optimization for the largest Italian wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Two clustering methods, K-means algorithm and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, were applied to an extensive dataset of historical and meteorological records. This study addresses the problem of determining the intrinsic structure of clustered data when no information other than the observed values is available. Two quantitative indexes, namely the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the Silhouette coefficient using Euclidean distance, as well as two general criteria, were implemented to assess the clustering quality. Furthermore, seven weather-based influent scenarios were introduced to the process simulation model, and sets of aeration strategies are proposed. The results indicate that incorporating weather-based aeration strategies in the operation of the WWTP improves plant energy efficiency.
Prompt nitrogen removal by controlling the oxygen concentration in sediment microbial fuel cell systems: the electrons allocation and its microbial mechanism
Authors: Sima Weiping , Ma Ruixiang , Yin Feixian , Zou Haodong , Li Hong , Ai Hainan , Ai Tao
Published: May 2020

It has been proved that the nitrogen can be removed from the sediment in a sediment microbial fuel cell system (SMFCs), but the competition between nitrate and oxygen for electrons would be a key factor that would affect the removal efficiency, and its mechanism is not clear. Based on organic sediment fuel, an SMFC was constructed, and the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) on nitrogen transformation and cathodic microbial communities was investigated. The results showed that the best total nitrogen removal efficiency of 60.55% was achieved at DO level of 3 mg/L. High DO concentration affected the removal efficiency through the electrons' competition with nitrate, while low DO concentration suppressed the nitrification. Comamonas, Diaphorobacter and Brevundimonas were the three dominant genera responsible for denitrification at DO concentration of 3 mg/L in this study. The establishment of SMFCs for nitrogen removal by regulating DO level would offer a promising method for sediment treatment.
Правило Урбаха и оценка ширины запрещенной зоны в молибдатах
Authors: Федюнин Ф.Д. , Спасский Д.А.
Published: May 2020

Here we present the results of the study of fundamental absorption edge temperature dependence of CaMoO4, SrMoO4, PbMoO4, Pb2MoO5 and MgMoO4 molybdates. The dependencies were approximated using Urbach formula. It was shown that parameter E0 obtained from approximation can be used for the estimation of molybdates bandgap.
Магнитоэлектрические свойства мультиферроиков BiFeO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- замещенных цинком
Authors: Юсупов Д.М. , Амиров А.А. , Макоед И.И. , Chaudhary Y.A. , Bendre S.T.
Published: May 2020

The magnetoelectric properties of ceramic samples of multiferroics BiFe1-xZnxO3 and Bi1-xZnxFe1-xZnxO3 were studied in the magnetic field from 0 to 80 kOe at room temperature. All samples have linear dependences of the magnetoelectric coefficient αME with small hump-like maxima αME both at c 10 kHz and at 85 kHz. Magnetoelectric studies in samples of bismuth ferrite series with double substituted Zn show that double substitution of Bi3+ and Fe3+ ions by Zn2+ ions does not give the desired enhancement of magnetoelectric properties.
Сравнительный анализ эффективности углеродных нанотрубок и графена в армированнии полимерных нанокомпозитов
Authors: Козлов Г.В. , Долбин И.В.
Published: May 2020

The comparative analysis of reinforcement efficiency (modulus of elasticity enhancement) of polymers with carbon nanotubes and grapheme was performed using the methods of fractal analysis and percolation theory. It has been shown that such comparison is correct only at the same structure of the indicated anisotropic nanofillers in polymer matrix. For carbon nanotubes reinforcement efficiency depends strongly on their geometry, i.e. length and outer diameter. In addition the main role in polymers reinforcement play not initial characteristics of nanofiller, but its structures, obtained in production process of nanocomposites. In technological aspect carbon nanotubes are more suitable for manufacture of high-modulus nanocomposites, that is due to possibility of simple enough realization of their orientation.
Ab initio и экспериментальное исследование электронных, оптических и колебательных свойств CdGa-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Джахангирли З.А. , Керимова Т.Г. , Мамедова И.А. , Набиева С.А. , Абдуллаев Н.А.
Published: May 2020

The electronic, optical, and lattice vibrational properties of CdGa2Te4 were studied experimentally using spectral ellipsometry, Raman scattering (Raman scattering) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, as well as theoretically using the density functional theory (DFT). Eight Raman-active modes and twelve IR-active modes were detected and identified from consideration of the point group symmetry. Based on the analysis of the electronic spectrum and the density of states, the nature of the chemical bond in this semiconductor compound is determined. The theoretically calculated results are compared with the experimental data of the present work and with the results of experimental data available in the literature obtained by infrared spectroscopy and Raman scattering.
Квантовое трение и трение ван-дер-Ваальса в конфигурациях частица-пластина и пластина-пластина: нелокальные эффекты
Authors: Дедков Г.В. , Кясов А.А.
Published: May 2020

Within the nonrelativistic approximation of fluctuation electrodynamics, using the specular reflection model and nonlocal permittivity of the metal, we have obtained simple analytical
expressions for friction forces in particle – plate and plate – plate systems at relative motion
of bodies at a constant velocity. It has been shown that at distances of about 1–10 nm for an Au nanoparticle (or gold plate) moving near another (identical) plate at rest, dissipative forces prove to be 2–4 orders of magnitude higher than when using the local Drude dielectric function.
Структурные превращения при химическом модифицировании поверхности пленки полипиромеллитимида
Authors: Новиков Д.В.
Published: May 2020

Using electron microscopy data, the formation of a submicron layer of polyamide acid (PAAc) on the surface of the polyiromellitimide (PI) film was studied when PI was successively treated with aqueous solutions of alkali and acid. To analyze the topology of the distribution of clusters of PAAc macromolecules on the surface of samples of modified PI film, the method of decorating PAAc with silver chloride nanoparticles was applied. The spatial distribution of the density of ensembles of decorating nanoparticles was found to be ordered. It is shown that the degree of order changes non-monotonically with increasing time of alkaline hydrolysis of PI. This change is explained by the superposition of two processes: the formation of PAAc clusters as a result of a topochemical reaction in the chains of PI macromolecules and random cluster-cluster aggregation. The centers of formation of PAAc clusters are periodically alternating microdomains – dense aggregates of PI macromolecules. The modes of obtaining an ordered PAAc cluster structure when modifying the PI surface are set.
Construct Validity of a Serious Game for Laparoscopic Skills Training: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: IJgosse Wouter , van Goor Harry , Rosman Camiel , Luursema Jan-Maarten
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Surgical residents underutilize opportunities for traditional laparoscopic simulation training. Serious gaming may increase residents’ motivation to practice laparoscopic skills. However, little is known about the effectiveness of serious gaming for laparoscopic skills training.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to establish construct validity for the laparoscopic serious game Underground.

METHODS

All study participants completed 2 levels of Underground. Performance for 2 novel variables (time and error) was compared between novices (n=65, prior experience <10 laparoscopic procedures), intermediates (n=26, prior experience 10-100 laparoscopic procedures), and experts (n=20, prior experience >100 laparoscopic procedures) using analysis of covariance. We corrected for gender and video game experience.

RESULTS

Controlling for gender and video game experience, the effects of prior laparoscopic experience on the time variable differed significantly (F2,106=4.77, P=.01). Both experts and intermediates outperformed novices in terms of task completion speed; experts did not outperform intermediates. A similar trend was seen for the rate of gameplay errors. Both gender (F1,106=14.42, P<.001 in favor of men) and prior video game experience (F1,106=5.20, P=.03 in favor of experienced gamers) modulated the time variable.

CONCLUSIONS

We established construct validity for the laparoscopic serious game Underground. Serious gaming may aid laparoscopic skills development. Previous gaming experience and gender also influenced Underground performance. The in-game performance metrics were not suitable for statistical evaluation. To unlock the full potential of serious gaming for training, a more formal approach to performance metric development is needed.
Perceptions of Digital Health Education Among European Medical Students: Mixed Methods Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Machleid Felix , Kaczmarczyk Robert , Johann Doreen , Balčiūnas Justinas , Atienza-Carbonell Beatriz , von Maltzahn Finn , Mosch Lina
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Digital health technologies hold promise to enhance patient-related outcomes, to support health care staff by reducing their workload, and to improve the coordination of care. As key users of digital health technologies, health care workers are crucial to enable a meaningful digital transformation of health care. Digital health literacy and digital skills should become prerequisite competencies for health professionals to facilitate the implementation and leverage the potential of digital technologies to improve health.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess European medical students’ perceived knowledge and opinions toward digital health, the status of digital health implementation in medical education, and the students’ most pressing needs.

METHODS

The explanatory design of our mixed methods study was based on an online, anonymous, self-administered survey targeted toward European medical students. A linear regression analysis was used to identify the influence of the year of medical studies on the responses. Additional analysis was performed by grouping the responses by the self-evaluated frequency of eHealth technology use. Written responses to four qualitative questions in the survey were analyzed using an inductive approach.

RESULTS

The survey received a total of 451 responses from 39 European countries, and there were respondents for every year of medical studies. The majority of respondents saw advantages in the use of digital health. While 40.6% (183/451) felt prepared to work in a digitized health care system, more than half (240/451, 53.2%) evaluated their eHealth skills as poor or very poor. Medical students considered lack of education to be the reason for this, with 84.9% (383/451) agreeing or strongly agreeing that more digital health education should be implemented in the medical curriculum. Students demanded introductory and specific eHealth courses covering data management, ethical aspects, legal frameworks, research and entrepreneurial opportunities, role in public health and health systems, communication skills, and practical training. The emphasis lay on tailoring learning to future job requirements and interprofessional education.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows a lack of digital health-related formats in medical education and a perceived lack of digital health literacy among European medical students. Our findings indicate a gap between the willingness of medical students to take an active role by becoming key players in the digital transformation of health care and the education that they receive through their faculties.
Significantly longer Covid-19 incubation times for the elderly from a case study of 136 patients throughout China (Preprint)
Authors: Lieu Richard
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Incubation time distributed of Covid-19 is information needed as a matter of urgency for all age groups.

OBJECTIVE

To infer Covid-19 incubation time distribution from a large sample.

METHODS

Based on individual case data published online by 21 cities of China, we investigated a total of 136 COVID-19 patients who traveled to Hubei from 21 cities of China between January 5 and January 31, 2020, remained there for 48 hours or less, and returned to these cities with onset of symptoms between January 10 and February 6, 2020. Among these patients, 110 were found to be aged 15 – 64, 22 aged 65 – 86, and 4 aged under 15.

RESULTS

The differential incubation time histogram of the two age groups 15
– 64 and 65 – 86 are adequately fitted by the log normal model. For the 15 - 64 age group, the median incubation time of 7.00 + 1.10 - 0.90 days (uncertainties are 95
% CL) is broadly consistent with previous literature. For the 65-86 age group,
the median is 10.9 + 2.7 -2.0 days is statistically significantly longer. Moreover, for
this group, the 95 % confidence contour indicates the data cannot constrain the upper bound of the log normal parameters µ, σ by failing to close there; this is because the sample has a maximum incubation time of 17 days, beyond which we ran out of data even though the histogram has not yet peaked.

CONCLUSIONS

Thus the incubation time for the 65-86 age group is much longer than the 10 – 14 days of the main adult group. Only a much larger sample can clinch this number further.