bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interplay of crossmodal attentional preparation and modality compatibility in cued task switching
Authors: Fintor Edina , Stephan Denise N , Koch Iring
Published: April 2018

Two experiments examined the influence of preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. The term modality compatibility refers to the similarity between the stimulus modality and the modality of response-related sensory consequences. Previous research showed evidence for modality compatibility benefits in task switching when participants switched either between two modality compatible tasks (auditory-vocal and visual-manual) or between two modality incompatible tasks (auditory-manual and visual-vocal). In this study, we investigated the influence of active preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. To this end, in Experiment 1, we introduced unimodal modality cues, whereas in Experiment 2, bimodal abstract cues were used. In both experiments, the cue-stimulus interval (CSI) was manipulated while holding the response-stimulus interval (RSI) constant. In both experiments, we found not only decreased switch costs with long CSI but also the elimination of the residual switch costs. More importantly, this preparation effect did not modulate the modality compatibility effect in task switching. To account for this data pattern, we assume that cue-based preparation of switches by modality mappings was highly effective and produced no residual reaction time (RT) costs with long CSI.
The role of retrieval practice in memory and analogical problem-solving
Authors: Hostetter Autumn B , Penix Elizabeth A , Norman Mackenzie Z , Batsell W Robert , Carr Thomas H
Published: April 2018

Retrieval practice (e.g., testing) has been shown to facilitate long-term retention of information. In two experiments, we examine whether retrieval practice also facilitates use of the practised information when it is needed to solve analogous problems. When retrieval practice was not limited to the information most relevant to the problems (Experiment 1), it improved memory for the information a week later compared with copying or rereading the information, although we found no evidence that it improved participants’ ability to apply the information to the problems. In contrast, when retrieval practice was limited to only the information most relevant to the problems (Experiment 2), we found that retrieval practice enhanced memory for the critical information, the ability to identify the schematic similarities between the two sources of information, and the ability to apply that information to solve an analogous problem after a hint was given to do so. These results suggest that retrieval practice, through its effect on memory, can facilitate application of information to solve novel problems but has minimal effects on spontaneous realisation that the information is relevant.
Effect of modifications in rules in competition on participation of male youth goalkeepers in soccer
Authors: Ortega-Toro Enrique , García-Angulo Antonio , Giménez-Egido José-María , García-Angulo Francisco J , Palao José
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of modifications in field size, number of players, and goal size on the goalkeeper's actions in competition in male youth soccer ( n = 4) (under-12). A quasi-experimental design was implemented to measure the effects of the changes in the number of players per team (8-a-side vs. 5-a-side), goal size (6 × 2 m vs. 3 × 2 m), and field size (58 × 38 m vs. 38 × 20 m) on the offensive and defensive technical and tactical actions of the goalkeeper. Four male under-12 goalkeepers (age = 11.33 ± 0.6 years, average weekly training = 2.45 ± 0.3 h, and years of experience = 4.8 ± 0.9 years) were analyzed in three tournaments (8-a-side; 5-a-side; 8-a-side). The dependent variables were: defensive and offensive technical actions taken by the goalkeepers and the way their actions were carried out. The results show that in the 5-a-side soccer matches, goalkeepers carried out more defensive actions (8-a-side: 31.2 ± 3.8; 5-a-side: 77.75 ± 5.0; 8-a-side: 39.5 ± 6.0; F2,6 = 111,218, p = .000, η2 = .974; ES .998) and offensive actions (8-a-side: 58.0 ± 7.1; 5-a-side: 84.0 ± 13.5; 8-a-side: 58.1 ± 9.2; F2,6 = 16,257, p = .004, η2 = .844; ES .996) than in 8-a-side soccer matches. The reduction in field size, number of players, and goal size resulted in under-12 goalkeepers having more interaction and more variability in their actions. This information could help the different stakeholders to adapt or design the youth soccer competition rules in a way that allows goalkeepers to have more experiences.
Toward a hybrid model of ship performance in ice suitable for route planning purpose
Authors: Montewka Jakub , Goerlandt Floris , Lensu Mikko , Kuuliala Lauri , Guinness Robert
Published: April 2018

Practical knowledge about the performance of a ship while navigating in ice is crucial for the selection of safe and efficient route for a ship. Existing route finding tools estimate ship performance in ice adopting numerous approaches, ranging from model tests and engineering models to experts-based guidelines. Therein ship performance is usually understood as attainable ship speed or the average speed in given ice conditions; rarely the probability of besetting in ice is taken into account. Those models despite being fairly accurate in the theory share the same shortcoming in practice. The latter encompasses three main issues: (1) inaccurate information about prevailing ice conditions, (2) presence of ice conditions that goes beyond the scope of the models, and (3) the effect of operational patterns and traffic organization on the performance of an individual ship. To approach those issues, we propose a hybrid model of ship performance in ice-covered waters. The hybrid model combines two other sub-models: engineering and data-driven. The former determines ship speed and besetting probability in ridged ice field with ice concentration close to 100%. The latter sub-model provides information on ship’s speed in the actual ice conditions, where the speed is affected also by operational restrictions and icebreaker assistance. It is based on an extensive dataset combining ship data from automatic identification system and ice data from ice charts and ice forecast models. The presented hybrid model is valid for a specific ship type, which is ice going bulk carrier (IA Super ice class), operating within the Northern Baltic Sea winter navigation system. The obtained results reveal that the hybrid model in principle is capable of providing reliable information about the performance of a ship in a wide range of conditions accounting for environmental variability and existing operational conditions. The model is suitable for the purpose of safe route planning in ice for a single ship or group of similar ships, accounting for the economy and safety of a voyage.
Quantitative metrics to analyze supply chain resilience and associated costs
Authors: Zavala Araceli , Nowicki David , Ramirez-Marquez Jose Emmanuel
Published: April 2018

The growth of global supply chains has allowed trading partners to experience synergistic, economic expansion and increase their competitive success. At the same time, reliance on global supply chains exposes its trading partners to unforeseen disruptions. While the economic benefits are tremendous, they are not without risk as global supply chains are by their very nature susceptible to a wide array of disruptions. Methods that mitigate the effect of disruption directly contribute to the competitive success of global supply chain networks. One approach for mitigating the effects of disruption is to increase resilience. Thus, this research focuses on understanding supply chain vulnerability and how to return the supply chain to its desirable performance level after a disruptive event by reconfiguring the supply chain network. This article frames this foundational work in the context of systems theory to add to the body of resilience research by providing a time-dependent definition of supply chain resilience. This article then provides a mathematical model, based on inventory theory that operationalizes that definition. The model is presented in the context of a multi-echelon, post-production support network of a sustainment-dominated system such as those found in the aerospace, defense, utilities, and construction industries. The model demonstrates the post-disruption resilience at each supply chain network node along with the investment necessary to restore the network.
LPS challenge increased intestinal permeability, disrupted mitochondrial function and triggered mitophagy of piglets
Authors: Cao Shuting , Zhang Qianhui , Wang ChunChun , Wu Huan , Jiao Lefei , Hong Qihua , Hu Caihong
Published: April 2018

Here we investigated the influence of LPS-induced gut injury on antioxidant homeostasis, mitochondrial (mt) function and the level of mitophagy in piglets. The results showed that LPS-induced intestinal injury decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance, increased the paracellular permeability of F1TC dextran 4 kDa, and decreased the expression of claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the jejunum compared with the control group. LPS decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and increased the content of malondialdehyde in the jejunum. Meanwhile, the expression of SOD-related genes ( Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD) and GSH-Px-related genes ( GPX-1, GPX-4) declined in LPS-challenged pigs compared with the control. LPS also increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β mRNA expression. LPS induced mt dysfunction, as demonstrated by increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased membrane potential of intestinal mitochondria, intestinal content of mt DNA and activities of the intestinal mt respiratory chain. Furthermore, LPS induced an increase in expression of mitophagy related proteins, PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK1) and Parkin in the intestinal mitochondria, as well as an enhancement of the ratio of light chain 3-II (LC3-II) to LC3-I content in the jejunal mucosa. These results suggested that LPS-induced intestinal injury accompanied by disrupted antioxidant homeostasis, caused mt dysfunction and triggered mitophagy.
Operative Treatment of Isolated Meniscus Injuries in Adolescent Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Review
Authors: Mosich Gina M. , Lieu Virginia , Ebramzadeh Edward , Beck Jennifer J.
Published: April 2018

Context:

With the rise in sports participation and increased athleticism in the adolescent population, there is an ever-growing need to better understand adolescent meniscus pathology and treatment.

Objective:

To better understand the operative management of meniscus tears in the adolescent population.

Data Sources:

A systematic review of PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar was performed for all archived years.

Study Selection:

Studies that reported on isolated meniscus tears in adolescent patients (age, 10-19 years) were included.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Two authors reviewed and extracted data from studies that fulfilled all inclusion criteria.

Results:

Nine studies on isolated meniscus tears in adolescent patients were found, with level of evidence ranging from 3 to 4. These studies evaluated a total of 373 patients (248 males, 125 females) and 390 knees. Seven studies were published between 1979 and 2000, all of which discuss meniscectomy as the primary treatment. Two studies were published after 2000 and report on meniscus repair surgery. The mean patient age was 14.4 years. A total of 308 meniscectomies and 64 meniscus repairs were performed. Follow-up ranged from 1.8 to 30 years (mean, 10.8 years). A 37% retear rate was reported for patients undergoing meniscus repair. Different outcome measures were used for meniscectomy versus meniscus repair. Three studies evaluating meniscectomy reported Tapper-Hoover scores, showing 54 patients with an excellent result, 58 with good, 57 with fair, and 23 with poor results.

Conclusion:

A shift in the management of isolated adolescent meniscal tears is reflected in the literature, with a recent increase in operative repair. This is likely secondary to poor outcomes after meniscectomy reflected in long-term follow-up studies. The current literature highlights the need for improved description of tear patterns, standardized reporting of outcome measures, and improved study methodologies to help guide orthopaedic surgeons on operative treatment of meniscal tears in adolescent patients.
A Single Intra-Articular Injection of Gel-200 for Treatment of Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee Is More Effective than Phosphate Buffered Saline at 6 Months: A Subgroup Analysis of a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Takamura Junko , Seo Takayuki , Strand Vibeke
Published: April 2018

Objective

Many clinical trials of viscosupplementation have been conducted, although only the Gel-200 (primary) trial included a different patient population. A subgroup analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of single intra-articular injections of Gel-200 with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was performed to demonstrate its benefit as treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in a population similar to those of other reported trials of viscosupplementation.

Design

The subgroup population was defined as patients in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population who met the specified criteria. Changes from baseline in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores following treatment with Gel-200 or PBS were derived from a longitudinal model and treatment differences compared between groups at weeks 12 and 26, and over 26 weeks.

Results

The subgroup included 311 subjects (152 Gel-200; 159 PBS). Mean improvements from baseline in WOMAC pain subscores in the Gel-200 over PBS groups were statistically significant at week 12 ( P = 0.031) and week 26 ( P = 0.019). Treatment group differences in WOMAC stiffness and total scores were statistically significant at week 26 ( P = 0.023 and P = 0.036, respectively).

Conclusions

The efficacy of Gel-200 following a single injection for knee osteoarthritis was demonstrated in WOMAC pain, stiffness, and total scores as well as clinically important improvements in pain at 26 weeks in this subset of patients with comparable characteristics to populations evaluated in other viscosupplementation treatment trials.
Local variations in gabion structures
Authors: Clarke Sam , Barr Andrew , Warren Jim , Williams Angus
Published: April 2018

Gabion structures are widely used for force protection as they enable locally available material to be used, reducing logistical expense. The soil fill within these structures provides the blast and ballistic resistance; hence, any localised variation in the contained soil can potentially lead to reductions in protective capability. Specifically, built gabion structures were monitored in internal and external environments to assess the variation of soil moisture content and density over a full year and with changing weather conditions. The gabions were filled with fine sand according to manufacturer’s instructions. Internal and external moisture content readings were recorded at regular intervals, and a continuously monitoring weather station was installed to collect comparative data. LIDAR scanning was used to record the shape and volume of the gabions to estimate variations in the density of the soil fill. The data indicate that moisture content can vary by over 20% between the top and base of the gabion, and by over 5% from face to face and between readings depending on recent weather conditions, while the core of the gabions remains relatively unaffected. This leads to localised variations in density which can impact on both the ballistic performance and blast resistance of the structure.
A Historical-Liturgical Critique of וזרקתי מים טהורים “I will sprinkle clean water” in Ezek 36.25-27 and Its Translation Options in English
Authors: Berekiah Olugbemiro O.
Published: April 2018

The key themes of sanctification and regeneration in Ezek 36.25-27 make it an important and well-known passage among theologians and exegetes. However, the translation of מים טהורים in v. 25 as “clean water” in most English versions obscures the rhetorical force of the allusion to certain liturgical practices within the religious context of the source language. This paper considers the semantic connotations of מים טהורים by trying to understand the author’s rhetorical intentions. Historical-liturgical criticism is used to examine the religious context of the source text with a view to suggesting the most accurate English translation of this technical term which would convey its closest range of meanings to a contemporary English-speaking audience.
Man or Human? A Note on the Translation of Ἄνθρωπος in Mark 10.1-9 and Masculinity Studies
Authors: Smit Peter-Ben
Published: April 2018

The past decades have seen an increased sensitivity among Bible translators when it comes to matters of gender, in particular in relation to inclusive and exclusive aspects of language and their rendering in translation. Building on this feminist agenda, it can also be asked, following the lead of masculinity studies in general and its use in biblical studies in particular, what role masculinity plays in texts and their translation. This will be explored in this contribution using the example of the meaning and translation of ἄνθρωπος in Mark 10.7 and 9, which, it will be proposed, is, for gender-sensitive exegetical reasons, best translated as “man” (in the exclusive sense of the word), rather than as “human” (as an inclusive expression).
Citation Patterns of Conference Proceedings in Master’s and Doctoral Studies: A Case Study of Information Technology and Systems
Authors: Chiware Elisha R. T. , Becker Deborah
Published: April 2018

This study reports on an analysis of the use of conference proceedings by postgraduate students at master’s and doctoral levels in the field of information technology and systems at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) over a period of 10 years. The analysis was based on master’s theses and doctoral dissertations submitted by the Department of Information Technology and deposited into the web-based institutional repository and involved analyzing the various references cited. The results of the study show that conference papers are the fourth most cited materials in theses and dissertations after journal articles, books, and online sources. The types of conferences cited relate to the subject under investigation in the theses or dissertation. The conferences proceedings cited are from various international and local conferences at which the students and lecturers from CPUT have or frequently presented. This study contributes to the knowledge on the trends and patterns of conference proceedings citations in theses and dissertations. This study also contributes to the knowledge on the use of conference proceedings by postgraduate students at master’s and doctoral levels in the information systems and computer sciences. It provides an analytical framework that can be used by library managers in the collection development processes in support of postgraduate students’ research information needs.
Health Status of Adolescents Reporting Experiences of Adversity
Authors: Duke Naomi N. , Borowsky Iris W.
Published: April 2018

This study examines relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent health indicators among a sample of 8th, 9th, and 11th graders participating in the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey. Logistic regression was used to determine whether 10 types of ACEs were associated with health indicators that may link to health in adulthood, including self-rated health, body mass index (BMI), sleep duration, and dietary and physical activity participation after adjustment for demographic covariates. Individual and cumulative ACEs measures were significantly associated with adverse health indicators, including poorer self-rated health, increased odds of BMI ≥85% and frequent fast food intake, and reduced odds of adequate sleep duration, daily fruit intake, and physical activity participation on most days of the week. Findings advocate screening for ACEs as a means to inform anticipatory guidance strategies and to support development of care models that are relevant and responsive to youth and family needs.
Comparative infrastructural modalities: Examining spatial strategies for Melbourne, Auckland and Vancouver
Authors: McArthur Jenny
Published: April 2018

Infrastructure systems are critical to support sustainable and equitable urbanisation, and infrastructure is becoming more prominent within urban spatial strategies. However, the fragmented governance and delivery of spatial plans and infrastructure projects create a challenging environment to embed planning goals across the planning, delivery and operation of infrastructure systems. There is significant uncertainty around future needs and the complex ways that infrastructures influence socio-spatial relations and political-economic processes. Additionally, fragmented knowledge of infrastructure across different disciplines undermines the development of robust planning strategies. Comparative analysis of strategic spatial plans from Auckland, Melbourne and Vancouver examines how infrastructures are instrumentalised to support planning goals. Across the three cases, the analysis identified four common infrastructural modalities: rescaling socio-spatial relations through targeted intensification, intra-urban mobility upgrades and containment boundaries; re-localising socio-spatial relations to the suburban scale with ‘complete communities’; protection of ‘gateway’ precincts; and local planning provisions to support housing affordability. By examining infrastructure through a theoretical framework for suburban infrastructures, this analysis revealed how infrastructures exert agency as artefacts shaping socio-spatial relations and through the internalisation of political-economic processes. Each modality mobilised infrastructure to support goals of global competitiveness, economic growth and ‘liveability’. Findings suggest that spatial strategies should take a user-focused approach to infrastructure to meet the needs of diverse urban populations, and engage directly with the modes of infrastructure project delivery to embed planning goals across design, delivery and operations stages. Stronger institutional mandates to control land-use and provide affordable housing would improve outcomes in these city-regions.
Percutaneous Basal Closing Wedge Osteotomy of the First Metatarsal in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus and Its Short-Term Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Chan K. B. , Yeung Raymond
Published: April 2018

Background:

Although percutaneous surgery for the treatment of hallux valgus is popular in Europe, there is sparse English written literature documenting its efficacy. This study described the operative techniques using percutaneous basal closing wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal in correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus (HV) and its short-term clinical outcomes. We postulated that satisfactory correction of hallux valgus (HV) angle, intermetatarsal (IM) angle, and patients’ clinical outcomes could be achieved with this technique.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of 25 feet in 23 patients who underwent a percutaneous basal closing wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal (MT1) combined with a mini-open modified McBride procedure and mini-open resection of medial eminence. Follow-up averaged 21.5 months. Radiographic outcomes included pre- and postoperative HV angle, IM angle, absolute and relative shortening of MT1, and time to union. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were compared between pre- and postoperatively.

Results:

The average HV angle improved from 39.4 (range, 29-58.3) degrees preoperatively to 14.7 (range, 0.1-23.2) degrees postoperatively ( P < .05). IM angle improved from 14.9 (range, 6.7-22.4) degrees to 6.6 (range, 0.9-14.8) degrees ( P < .05). The average absolute shortening was 3.8 (range, 0.27-12.91) mm and the relative shortening was 0.8 (range, 0.05-1.91) mm. There was no delayed union or malunion at the osteotomy site. The average AOFAS score improved from 39 (range, 12-50) to 81 (range, 70-93) ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Satisfactory hallux valgus deformity correction and patients’ outcomes were achieved with this technique. Our results are similar to results reported in other studies using open techniques. There was no malunion or delayed union of the osteotomy.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series study.
Implementing communication and resolution programs: Lessons learned from the first 200 hospitals
Authors: McDonald Timothy B , Van Niel Melinda , Gocke Heather , Tarnow Deanna , Hatlie Martin , Gallagher Thomas H
Published: April 2018

The Communication and Optimal Resolution toolkit contains implementation guidance for communication and resolution programs that are comprehensive, principled, and systematic approaches to the prevention and response to patient harm that includes the open and honest communication of inappropriate care to patients and families that is coupled with financial compensation and the commitment to future prevention. The toolkit was released by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in May 2016. The authors describe their experiences with implementing communication and resolution programs with all of the components of Communication and Optimal Resolution and other communication and resolution program best practices in over 200 hospitals. Lessons learned include the ability to predict and discover actual barriers to full implementation and strategies for overcoming them are shared. Future considerations for further dissemination and spread are discussed.
The hydrothermal Waterberg platinum deposit, Mookgophong (Naboomspruit), South Africa. Part 1: Geochemistry and ore mineralogy
Authors: Oberthür Thomas , Melcher Frank , Fusswinkel Tobias , van den Kerkhof Alfons M. , Sosa Graciela M.
Published: April 2018

The Waterberg platinum deposit is an extraordinary example of a vein-type hydrothermal quartz-hematite-PGE (platinum-group element) mineralization. This study concentrates on the geochemical character of the ores and the platinum-group mineral (PGM) assemblage by application of reflected-light and scanning electron microscopy followed by electron probe microanalysis.

The PGM-bearing quartz veins show multiple banding indicating numerous pulses of fluid infiltration. Mineralization was introduced contemporaneously with the earliest generation of vein quartz and hematite. High oxygen and low sulfur fugacities of the mineralizing fluids are indicated by hematite as the predominant opaque mineral and the lack of sulfides.

The ‘Waterberg type’ mineralization is characterized by unique metal proportions, namely Pt>Pd>Au, interpreted as a fingerprint to the cradle of the metals, namely rocks and ores of the Bushveld Complex, or reflecting metal fractionation during ascent of an oxidized, evolving fluid. The PGM assemblage signifies three main depositional and alteration events. (1) Deposition of native Pt and Pt–Pd alloys (>90% of the PGM assemblage) and Pd–Sb–As compounds (Pt-rich isomertieite and mertieite II) from hydrothermal fluids. (2) Hydrothermal alteration of Pt by Cu-rich fluids and formation of Pt–Cu alloys and hongshiite [PtCu]. (3) Weathering/oxidation of the ores producing Pd/Pt-oxides/hydroxides.

Platinum-group element transport was probably by chloride complexes in moderately acidic and strongly oxidizing fluids of relatively low salinity, and depositional temperatures were in the range 400–200°C. Alternatively, quartz and ore textures may hint to noble metal transport in a colloidal form and deposition as gels.

The source of the PGE is probably in platiniferous rocks or ores of the Bushveld Complex which were leached by hydrothermal solutions. If so, further Waterberg-type deposits may be present, and a prime target area would be along the corridor of the Thabazimbi-Murchison-Lineament where geothermal springs are presently still active.
Pervasive mutations of JAK-STAT pathway genes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Tiacci Enrico , Ladewig Erik , Schiavoni Gianluca , Penson Alex , Fortini Elisabetta , Pettirossi Valentina , Wang Yuchun , Rosseto Ariele , Venanzi Alessandra , Vlasevska Sofija , Pacini Roberta , Piattoni Simonetta , Tabarrini Alessia , Pucciarini Alessandra , Bigerna Barbara , Santi Alessia , Gianni Alessandro M. , Viviani Simonetta , Cabras Antonello , Ascani Stefano , Crescenzi Barbara , Mecucci Cristina , Pasqualucci Laura , Rabadan Raul , Falini Brunangelo
Published: April 2018

Key Points

Identification of genes frequently mutated in cHL, fostering tumor growth in a manner amenable to pharmacological targeting. Mutated genes include the almost ubiquitous targeting of JAK-STAT pathway members, as well as GNA13, XPO1, and ITPKB.
MLL leukemia induction by t(9;11) chromosomal translocation in human hematopoietic stem cells using genome editing
Authors: Schneidawind Corina , Jeong Johan , Schneidawind Dominik , Kim In-Suk , Duque-Afonso Jesús , Wong Stephen Hon Kit , Iwasaki Masayuki , Breese Erin H. , Zehnder James L. , Porteus Matthew , Cleary Michael L.
Published: April 2018

Key Points

Genome editing induces t(9;11) chromosomal translocations and transforms primary CD34+ human cord blood cells leading to acute leukemia. CD9 is upregulated in primary t(9;11) cells and is a useful marker for enrichment of genome-edited MLL-rearranged cells in vitro.
Blood eosinophil count and risk of pneumonia hospitalisations in individuals with COPD
Authors: Vedel-Krogh Signe , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Lange Peter , Vestbo Jørgen , Nielsen Sune F.
Published: April 2018

Blood eosinophil count in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with higher exacerbation rate and favourable response to corticosteroids; however, frequent exacerbations and use of inhaled corticosteroids could elevate pneumonia risk. We tested the hypothesis that high blood eosinophil counts are associated with high risk of pneumonia in individuals with severe COPD from the general population.

We included 7180 individuals with COPD from the Copenhagen General Population Study, including 643 with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) <50% predicted between 2003 and 2011. All primary discharge diagnoses of pneumonia during follow-up were recorded.

Among individuals with COPD and FEV1<50% pred, the multivariable adjusted incidence rate ratio was 2.17 (95% CI 1.31–3.58) for pneumonia comparing individuals with blood eosinophil counts ≥0.34×109 cells·L−1versus<0.34×109 cells·L−1. In individuals with clinical COPD, defined by recent exacerbation, ≥10 pack-years of smoking and FEV1<70% pred, the corresponding risk was 4.52 (2.11–9.72). Risk of pneumonia did not differ by blood eosinophil count in individuals with COPD and FEV1≥50% pred.

In individuals with COPD and FEV1<50% pred, blood eosinophil count ≥0.34×109 cells·L−1was associated with high risk of hospitalisation due to pneumonia.
Meta-analysis of airway epithelium gene expression in asthma
Authors: Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Parker Joel S. , Yang Ivana V. , Kelada Samir N.P.
Published: April 2018

Differential gene expression in the airway epithelium of patients with asthmaversuscontrols has been reported in several studies. However, there is no consensus on which genes are reproducibly affected in asthma. We sought to identify a consensus list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using a meta-analysis approach.

We identified eight studies with data that met defined inclusion criteria. These studies comprised 355 cases and 193 controls and involved sampling either bronchial or nasal epithelium. We conducted study-level analyses, followed by a meta-analysis. Likewise, we applied a meta-analysis framework to the results of study-level pathway enrichment.

We identified 1273 DEGs, 431 of which had not been identified in previous studies. 450 DEGs exhibited large effect sizes and were robust to study population differences in age, sex, race/ethnicity, medication use, smoking status and exacerbations. The magnitude of differential expression of these 450 genes was highly similar in bronchial and nasal airway epithelia. Meta-analysis of pathway enrichment revealed a number of consistently dysregulated biological pathways, including putative transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators.

In total, we identified a set of genes that is consistently dysregulated in asthma, that links to known and novel biological pathways, and that will inform asthma subtype identification.
Noninfectious lung complications after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bergeron Anne , Chevret Sylvie , Peffault de Latour Régis , Chagnon Karine , de Margerie-Mellon Constance , Rivière Frédéric , Robin Marie , Mani Jean , Lorillon Gwenael , Socié Gérard , Tazi Abdellatif
Published: April 2018

Epidemiological data on late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are derived exclusively from retrospective studies and are conflicting. We aimed to evaluate prospectively the incidence, risk factors and outcomes for LONIPCs.

All consecutive patients scheduled to receive allogeneic HSCT between 2006 and 2008 at a university teaching hospital in France were screened for inclusion in the study. Eligible patients were those surviving at day 100. Among 243 screened patients, 198 patients were included in the analysis. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 72.3 (15.2–88.5) months. 55 LONIPCs were diagnosed in 43 patients. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (n=22) and interstitial lung disease (n=12) were the most common LONIPCs. At 36 months after inclusion, the estimated cumulative incidence of LONIPCs was 19.8% (95% CI 14.2–25.3%). The estimated median survival after the diagnosis of LONIPCs was 78.5 months (95% CI 20.0–not reached). Based on a multivariate Cox model, a history of chest irradiation anytime prior to HSCT, a history of pneumonia within 100 days post-HSCT and a low mean forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity at day 100 were associated with the development of LONIPCs.

Our data provide clues to identify patients at high risk of developing LONIPCs. These patients should be targeted for close monitoring to provide earlier LONIPC treatment or prophylactic treatment.
Physical activity and chronic diseases among older people in a mid-size city in China: a longitudinal investigation of bipolar effects
Authors: Zhou Peiling , Hughes Anne K. , Grady Sue C. , Fang Li
Published: April 2018

Background

While previous studies have shown that regular physical activity can delay the onset of certain chronic diseases; less is known about the changes in physical activity practices following chronic disease diagnoses. China is experiencing a rapid aging transition, with physical activity an important routine in many older people’s lives. This study utilizes the Health Belief Model to better understand the bidirectional relationships and bipolar effects between physical activity and chronic disease burden in Huainan City, a mid-sized city in China.

Methods

Longitudinal health survey data (2010–2015) from annual clinic visits for 3198 older people were obtained from a local hospital, representing 97% of the older population in three contiguous neighborhoods in Huainan City. The chronic diseases studied included obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, liver and biliary system diseases, and poor kidney function. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine differences in physical activity levels across socio-demographic groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the impacts of physical activity practice levels on chronic disease onsets. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of chronic disease diagnosis on physical activity practice levels.

Results

The prevalence of chronic diseases increased with increasing age, among men, and those with a lower education. Older people who were physically active experienced a later onset of chronic disease compared to their sedentary counterparts, particularly for obesity and diabetes. Following diagnosis of a chronic disease, physically active older people were more likely to increase their physical activity levels, while sedentary older people were less likely to initiate physical activity, demonstrating bipolar health trajectory effects.

Conclusions

Health disparities among older people may widen as the sedentary experience earlier onsets of chronic diseases and worse health trajectories, compared to physically active people. Future health education communication and programmatic interventions should focus on sedentary and less healthy older populations to encourage healthy aging. These lessons from China may be applied to other countries also experiencing an increasing aging population.
The effects of synbiotic supplementation on hormonal status, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Nasri Khadijeh , Jamilian Mehri , Rahmani Elham , Bahmani Fereshteh , Tajabadi-Ebrahimi Maryam , Asemi Zatollah
Published: April 2018

Background

To our knowledge, no reports are available indicating the effects of synbiotic supplementation on hormonal status, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This research was done to assess the effects of synbiotic supplementation on hormonal status, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with PCOS.

Methods

This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 subjects diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups to take either synbiotic (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Endocrine, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified at baseline and after the 12-week intervention.

Results

After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, synbiotic supplementation significantly increased serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (changes from baseline in synbiotic group: + 19.8 ± 47.3 vs. in placebo group: + 0.5 ± 5.4 nmol/L, p = 0.01), plasma nitric oxide (NO) (changes from baseline in synbiotic group: + 5.5 ± 4.8 vs. in placebo group: + 0.3 ± 9.1 μmol/L, p = 0.006), and decreased modified Ferriman Gallwey (mF-G) scores (changes from baseline in synbiotic group: − 1.3 ± 2.5 vs. in placebo group: − 0.1 ± 0.5, p = 0.01) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (changes from baseline in synbiotic group: − 950.0 ± 2246.6 vs. in placebo group: + 335.3 ± 2466.9 ng/mL, p = 0.02). We did not observe any significant effect of synbiotic supplementation on other hormonal status and biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Conclusions

Overall, synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks in PCOS women had beneficial effects on SHBG, mFG scores, hs-CRP and NO levels, but did not affect other hormonal status and biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Trial registration

This study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials (IRCT201509115623N53), on 2015–09-27.
Psychiatry in Shetland
Authors: Scholtz Martin , Harmse Almarie
Published: April 2018

The Shetland Isles are a place of breathtaking landscapes and pristine wildlife. As harsh as the weather can be, so warm and welcoming are the people and their proud half-Scottish, half-Scandinavian culture. Practising psychiatry in this northernmost outpost of the UK involves significant challenges. The authors were the only two psychiatrists based on this remote island group, which is home to 23 000 people.
Reducing Wait Time Between Admission and Chemotherapy Initiation
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Li Jenny , Tawfik Bernard , Pham Thao , Pathak Sudarshan , Singh Prabhjyot , Porsa Esmaeil , Sadeghi Navid , Li Hsiao C.
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

Reducing the length of stay is a high-priority objective for all health care institutions. Delays in chemotherapy initiation for planned preadmissions lead to patient dissatisfaction and prolonged length of stay.

Patients and Methods:

A multidisciplinary team was formed as part of the ASCO Quality Training Program. We aimed to reduce the time to initiation of chemotherapy from patient arrival at Parkland Hospital from a median of 6.2 hours at baseline to 4 hours over a 6-month period (35% reduction). The team identified inconsistency in blood work requirements, poor communication, and nonstandard patient arrival times as key causes of delay in the process. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were implemented based on identified improvement opportunities. The outcome measure was time from arrival to chemotherapy start. Data were obtained from time stamps in the electronic health record.

Results:

The first PDSA cycle included patient reminders to arrive at specific times, improved communication using a smartphone secure messaging application, and preadmission notes by oncology fellows detailing whether fresh blood work were needed on admission. Baseline data from 36 patients and postimplementation data from 28 patients were analyzed. Median time from admission to chemotherapy initiation preprocess change was 6.2 hours; it was 3.2 hours postchange. A sustained shift in the process was apparent on a control chart.

Conclusion:

Delays in initiation of chemotherapy can be prevented using classic quality improvement methodology and a multidisciplinary team. We aim to further refine our PDSA cycles and ensure sustainability of change.
Sex and Gender Differences Research Design for Basic, Clinical, and Population Studies: Essentials for Investigators
Authors: Rich-Edwards Janet W , Kaiser Ursula B , Chen Grace L , Manson JoAnn E , Goldstein Jill M
Published: April 2018

A sex- and gender-informed perspective increases rigor, promotes discovery, and expands the relevance of biomedical research. In the current era of accountability to present data for males and females, thoughtful and deliberate methodology can improve study design and inference in sex and gender differences research. We address issues of motivation, subject selection, sample size, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, considering implications for basic, clinical, and population research. In particular, we focus on methods to test sex/gender differences as effect modification or interaction, and discuss why some inferences from sex-stratified data should be viewed with caution. Without careful methodology, the pursuit of sex difference research, despite a mandate from funding agencies, will result in a literature of contradiction. However, given the historic lack of attention to sex differences, the absence of evidence for sex differences is not necessarily evidence of the absence of sex differences. Thoughtfully conceived and conducted sex and gender differences research is needed to drive scientific and therapeutic discovery for all sexes and genders.
Airway Management Practice in Adults With an Unstable Cervical Spine: The Harborview Medical Center Experience
Authors: Holmes Michael G. , Dagal Armagan , Feinstein Bryan A. , Joffe Aaron M.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Airway management in the presence of acute cervical spine injury (CSI) is challenging. Because it limits cervical spine motion during tracheal intubation and allows for neurological examination after the procedure, awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) has traditionally been recommended. However, with the widespread availability of video laryngoscopy (VL), its use has declined dramatically. Our aim was to describe the frequency of airway management techniques used in patients with CSI at our level I trauma center and report the incidence of neurological injury attributable to airway management.

METHODS:

Adults presenting to the operating room with CSI without a tracheal tube in situ between September 2010 and June 2017 were included. All patients were intubated in the presence of manual-in-line stabilization, a hard cervical collar, or surgical traction. Worsening neurological status was defined as new motor or sensory deficits on postoperative examination.

RESULTS:

Two hundred fifty-two patients were included, of which 76 (30.2%) had preexisting neurological deficits. VL was the most frequent initial airway management technique used (49.6%). Asleep FOB was commonly performed alone (30.6%) or in conjunction with VL (13.5%). Awake FOB was rarely performed (2.3%), as was direct laryngoscopy (2.8%). All techniques were associated with high first-attempt success rates, and no cases of neurological injury attributable to airway management technique were identified.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among patients with acute CSI at a high-volume academic trauma center, VL was the most commonly used initial intubation technique. Awake FOB and direct laryngoscopy were performed infrequently. No cases of neurological deterioration secondary to airway management occurred with any method. Assuming care is taken to limit neck movement, providers should use the intubation technique with which they have the most comfort and skill.
Ldb1 and Rnf12-dependent regulation of Lhx2 controls the relative balance between neurogenesis and gliogenesis in retina
Authors: de Melo Jimmy , Clark Brian S. , Venkataraman Anand , Shiau Fion , Zibetti Cristina , Blackshaw Seth
Published: April 2018

Precise control of the relative ratio of retinal neurons and glia generated during development is essential for visual function. We show that Lhx2, which encodes a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor essential for specification and differentiation of retinal Müller glia, also plays a critical role in the development of retinal neurons. Overexpression of Lhx2 with its transcriptional coactivator Ldb1, triggers cell cycle exit and inhibits both Notch signaling and retinal gliogenesis. Lhx2/Ldb1 overexpression also induced the formation of wide-field amacrine cells (wfACs). In contrast Rnf12, which encodes a negative regulator of LDB1, is necessary for the initiation of retinal gliogenesis. We also show that Lhx2-dependent neurogenesis and wfAC formation requires Ascl1 and Neurog2, and that Lhx2 is necessary for their expression, although overexpression of Lhx2/Ldb1 does not directly elevate expression of these proneural bHLH factors. Finally, we demonstrate that the relative level of the LHX2-LDB1 complex in the retina decreases in tandem with the onset of gliogenesis. These findings show that control of Lhx2 function by Ldb1 and Rnf12 underpins the coordinated differentiation of neurons and Müller glia in postnatal retina.