bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Protein and Protein-Energy Ratio in Diet on Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerling
Authors: Setiawati M. , Sutajaya R. , Suprayudi M. Agus
Published: February 2017

Aquaculture activity including culture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is now facing on high price of feed.  Feed cost can reach more than 50% of production cost so that increase in feed price decreases in farmer benefit. Toward increasing in benefit, it needs efficiency on production cost.  This can be achieved by using a diet containing suitable protein and protein-energy ratio for the need of fish cultured.  Diet containing different protein levels (28% and 31%) and protein-energy ratios (8 and 10), and a commercial feed as a control were compared to determine protein content and protein-energy ratio suitable for common carp fingerlings.  The results showed that food efficiency was differed among the treatments, while relative growth rate was similar.  Diet containing protein of 31.15% with protein-energy ratio of 7.81, and protein of 28.08% with protein-energy ratio of 9.12 were resulting higher food efficiency compared to that of diet containing 31.15% protein with 7.81 protein-energy ratio and 28.27% protein with 8.28 protein-energy ratio.

Keywords: common carp, Cyprinus carpio, protein-energy ratio, food efficiency

 

ABSTRAK

Kegiatan budidaya ikan termasuk ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) saat ini dihadapkan pada kenyataan mahalnya harga pakan buatan. Kebutuhan biaya pakan dalam proses produksi mencapai lebih dari 50% sehingga menurunkan tingkat keuntungannya. Untuk meningkatkan keuntungan, diperlukan efisiensi biaya produksi yang salah satunya dengan memproduksi pakan yang mengandung kadar protein dan rasio protein terhadap energi pakan  yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan ikan. Pakan dengan kadar protein (28 and 31%) dan rasio protein-energi (8 dan 10) yang berbeda diuji untuk mengetahui kandungan protein dan rasio protein-energi yang sesuai untuk fingerling ikan mas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fingerling ikan mas yang yang diberi pakan dengan kadar protein dan rasio protein energi yang berbeda menghasilkan tingkat efisiensi pakan yang berbeda, namun tidak mempengaruhi tingkat pertumbuhan relatifnya. Pakan dengan kadar protein 31,15% dengan rasio protein energi 7,81 dan kadar protein 28,08% dengan rasio protein energi 9,12 menghasilkan nilai efisiensi pakan yang lebih baik daripada pakan yang mengandung kadar protein 31,15% dengan rasio protein energi 7,81 dan kadar protein 28,27% dengan rasio protein energi 8,28.

Kata kunci: ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, rasio energi protein, efisiensi pakan
Effect of Different Fatty Acid Sources of Diet on Growth Performance of Botia Botia macracanthus Bleeker
Authors: Sunarto . , Sabariah .
Published: February 2017

Fish requires essential fatty acid for growth. Freshwater fish needs linoleat fatty acid (n-6) or combination of linoleat and a-linolenat acids (n-3).  Fish oil contains higher level of n-3, corn oil is rich of n-6, while coconut oil is rich of saturated fatty acids.  This study was conducted to determine the effect of fatty acid sources in diet on growth performance of botia Botia macracanthus. Sources of fatty acid examined were coconut oil (control), corn oil, fish oil, and corn oil + fish oil + coconut oil. The results of study show that daily growth rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils (8.39%) and only corn oil (8.15%) was higher (p<0.05) compared to that of fish fed on diet containing fish oil (7.67%) and coconut oil (6.62%).  Feed conversion rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils (2.12%) and only corn oil (2.34%) was lower (p<0.05) than that of fish fed on diet containing fish oil (2.97%) and coconut oil (3.74%).  Growth rate and feed conversion rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils and only corn oil was similar (p>0.05).  Survival rate of fish at all treatments was similar, ranged from 90.00 to 93.33%.  Thus, the results suggested that diet containing only corn oil is suitable for botia to obtain higher growth rate and lower feed conversion rate.

Keywords: fatty acid, growth performance, botia, Botia macracanthus

 ABSTRAK

Ikan membutuhkan asam lemak essensial (EFA = Essential Fatty Acid) untuk pertumbuhannya.  Ikan air tawar memerlukan asam lemak linoleat (n-6) atau gabungan asam lemak linoleat (n-6) dan alfa-linolenat (n-3).  Minyak ikan banyak mengandung asam lemak n-3, minyak jagung kaya akan asam lemak n-6, sementara minyak kelapa banyak mengandung asam lemak jenuh.  Sumber asam lemak yang diuji adalah minyak kelapa  (kontrol), minyak jagung, minyak ikan, dan minyak jagung + minyak ikan + minyak kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan harian ikan botia yang diberi pakan yang mengandung campuran minyak jagung-kelapa-ikan (8,39%) dan minyak jagung (8,15%) saja lebih tinggi (p<0,05) daripada yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak ikan (7,67%) dan minyak kelapa (6,62%).  Nilai konversi pakan pada ikan yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak jagung-kelapa-ikan (2,12%) dan minyak jagung (2,34%) lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak ikan (2,97%) dan minyak kelapa (3,74%).  Pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan pada ikan yang diberi pakan mengandung campuran ketiga minyak dan hanya minyak jagung adalah tidak berbeda (p>0,05).  Kelangsungan hidup ikan pada semua perlakuan relatif sama, yaitu berkisar antara 90,00-93,33%. Dengan demikian, pakan untuk ikan botia cukup mengandung minyak jagung saja untuk mendapatkan laju pertumbuhan yang tinggi dengan konversi pakan yang rendah.
 Kata kunci: asam lemak, kinerja pertumbuhan, ikan botia, Botia macracanthus
Early Information About Bio-physical Quality of Seaweed Culture (Eucheuma cottonii) in Waworada Bay, Bima Regency
Authors: Sirajuddin M.
Published: February 2017

One of the potential areas for developing mariculture in West Nusa Tenggara Province is Waworada Bay of Bima Regency. The aim of this research was to find out the early information about bio-physical quality in Waworada Bay for sustainable development of seaweed culture. PCA (Principal Components Analysis) was used to explore the characteristic distribution of biophysics parameters, and then explore the relationship between seaweed production and carragenan content with biophysics parameters. GIS analysis was also applied to determine the suitable area for seaweed culture. PCA analysis shows that the main parameters of growth seaweed culture was light penetration, water current, water deepness, pest, salinity, nitrate and Pb. As additional parameters were temperature, COD, DO, Phosphate, and pH. Biophysics parameters were found to have very important relationship with seaweed growth, production and carragenan content. Based on GIS analysis, 11,128 ha of 11,135 ha was very ideal for seaweed culture, and the remaining was unsuitable for seaweed culture.

Keywords: seaweed, Eucheuma cottonii, biophysics, PCA, GIS, Waworada Bay

 

ABSTRAK

Salah satu wilayah yang sangat potensial untuk pengembangan budidaya rumput laut di Nusa Tenggara Barat adalah Teluk Waworada Kabupaten Bima. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi awal kualitas biofisik Teluk Waworada untuk pengembangan budidaya rumput laut. PCA (Principal Components Analysis), digunakan untuk mengetahui distribusi karaktersitik parameter biofisik, hubungan antara parameter biofisik dengan produksi dan kandungan karaginan rumput laut dan penentuan parameter utama pengembangan budidaya rumput. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui kelayakan lokasi digunakan analisa GIS (Geografis Information System). Hasil analisa PCA menunjukan bahwa korelasi antara variable terpusat pada dua sumbu utama dengan kontribusi sebesar 79%. Parameter biofisik hasil penelitian ini sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan, produksi dan karaginan rumput laut. Hasil analisa GIS terdapat 11.138 ha 11.128 sangat sesuai dan 0.0007 yang tidak sesuai. 

Kata kunci: rumput laut, Eucheuma cottonii, biofisik, PCA, GIS, Teluk Waworada
Preliminary study on the coconut crab (Birgus latro) rearing in captive pond
Authors: Sulistiono . , Kamal M.M. , Butet Nurlisa A.
Published: February 2017

Preliminary study on the coconut crab (Birgus latro) rearing was employed in captive pond at Citarate village, Lebak Regency (Banten) from May to December 2008.  The rearing activity was done in captive pond sized 5x5x1.3 m3 divided into 22 smaller ponds sized 1x1x1.3 m3 with a hiding hole (constructed by pile stones), supported by two small ponds sized 30x40x40 cm3 for sea and fresh water stocks, respectively.  The coconut crab (N=22 individuals at cement pond I and N=18 individuals at cement pond II) were reared in each small ponds (density: 1 individual/pond), feed by a piece of coconut (20-50 gram per individual in each cement pond).  The coconut and the water (sea and fresh water) were replaced for 2-3 times per week. Result of the study showed that survival rate was around 82% (ponds I) and 83% (ponds II), and mortality was around 18% (ponds I) and 18% (ponds II). The coconut crab growth at captive ponds I and II were around 17.5 and 52 gram per month, respectively.

Key words:  Preliminary study, rearing, coconut crab (Birgus latro)

 

ABSTRAK

Uji coba pemeliharaan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) dilakukan di kolam penangkaran di Desa Citarate, Kabupaten Lebak (Banten) pada Bulan Mei sampai Desember 2008.  Kegiatan pemeliharaan dilakukan pada bak semen berukuran 5x5x1.3 m2 yang terbagi menjadi 22 bak semen lebih kecil yang berukuran 1x1x1.3 m3 dilengkapi dengan tempat persembunyian (berupa tumpukan batu), serta bak kecil sebagai tempat penampungan air laut dan tawar masing-masing berukuran 30x40x40 cm3. Kepiting kelapa (N=22 ekor pada kolam I dan N=18 pada kolam II) dimasukkan ke dalam setiap kolam (kepadatan 1 individu/kolam), dan diberikan pakan utama berupa potongan kelapa ukuran sekitar 20-50 gram per individu per kolam.  Penggantian kelapa dan air (tawar dan laut) dilakukan 2-3 kali per minggu. Hasil uji coba pemeliharaan kepiting kelapa menunjukkan bahwa tingkat sintasan (survival rate) di kolam peliharaan berkisar 82 (Kolam I) dan 83% (Kolam II), sedangkan tingkat kematian (mortalitas) sebesar 18 (Kolam I) dan 17% (Kolam II).  Pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa di kolam penangkaran I dan masing-masing adalah sekitar 17,5 dan 52 gram per bulan.

Kata kunci:  Uji coba, pemeliharaan, kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro).
The Rearing of Clown Loach (Chromobotia macracanthus) Larvae by Using Enriched Live Foods
Authors: Chumaidi . , Nurhidayat . , Priyadi A.
Published: February 2017

The enrichment of natural live  food with unsaturated fatty acid can increase survival and growth rate of fish larvae. The purpose of  this experiment was to know the effect of various natural live food with or without nutrient enrichment on survival and growth rate of clown loach (Chromobotia macracanthus) larvae.  The experiment was done indoor by using plastic jars filled 5 L water and aerated continuously.  Twenty clown loach larvae of four days old, 5.58 ± 0.12   mm in average length,  were stocked in plastic jars and  were reared for 28 days. The treatment were: a) Artemia nauplii as control;  b) rotifer without enrichment;  c) enriched rotifer, d) Moina nauplii without enrichment, and e) enriched Moina nauplii.  As enrichment agent, we used 200 mg of tuna eggs powder and 200 mg of baker's yeast which dissolved and  aerated in 2 L of water for one hour.  Proximate analysis for amino  and fatty acids content were done before the treatment, at 5 days old and at 32 days old (juvenile).  The result showed that higher survival (80.00%) and growth rate (average body length 12.80±1.85 mm) could be achieved by feeding clown loach larvae with enriched Moina nauplii.

Keywords: clown loach larvae,  live feed, nutrient enrichment

 

ABSTRAK

Pengkayaan asam lemak tak jenuh dari pakan hidup dapat meningkatkan sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva ikan.  Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pakan hidup dengan atau  tanpa diperkaya nutrisinya terhadap sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus).  Penelitian dilaksanakan di dalam ruangan tertutup menggunakan wadah plastik yang berisi media air 5 L serta diaerasi terus menerus.  Larva umur empat hari dengan panjang rata-rata 5,58 ± 0,12 mm ditebar sebanyak 20 ekor per wadah.  Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan selama 28 hari. Perlakuan perbedaan jenis pakan hidup dengan atau tanpa diperkaya, yaitu : a) naplii Artemia (kontrol), b) rotifer tanpa diperkaya nutrisinya, c) rotifer diperkaya nutrisinya, d) nauplii Moina tanpa diperkaya nutrisinya dan e) nauplii Moina diperkaya nutrisinya.  Pengkayaan pakan alami menggunakan tepung telur tuna dan ragi roti masing-masing 200 mg dalam 2 L media air yang diaerasi selama 1 jam. Analisis proksimat, asam amino dan asam lemak pakan alami  dan larva umur empat hari dilakukan sebelum penelitian dan juvenil botia 32 hari dianalisis pula.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintasan (80,00%) dan pertumbuhan (panjang mutlak 12,90 ± 1,85 mm) yang tinggi dapat diperoleh dengan memberikan nauplii Moina yang diperkaya pada larva botia

Kata kunci: larva ikan botia, pakan alami, pengkayaan nutrisi
Bioflocs Technology: Theory and Application in Intensive Aquaculture System
Authors: Ekasari Julie
Published: February 2017

Bioflocs technology (BFT) is one of the developing technology in aquaculture which aimed to improve water quality and to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency. This technology is mainly based on the conversion of inorganic nitrogen in particular ammonia by heterotrophic bacteria into microbial biomass which further can be consumed by aquaculture organisms. The objective of this review is to discuss various aspect of BFT application in aquaculture including bioflocs formation process, technical requirement, bioflocs nutritional content and characterization techniques.

Keywords: bioflocs, nitrogen, heterotrophic bacteria, ammonia, C/N ratio

 

ABSTRAK

Teknologi bioflok (BFT) merupakan salah satu teknologi yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan dalam akuakultur yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kualitas air dan meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan nutrient. Teknologi ini didasarkan pada konversi nitrogen anorganik terutama ammonia oleh bakteri heterotrof menjadi biomassa mikroba yang kemudian dapat dikonsumsi oleh organisme budidaya. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk memaparkan berbagai aspek dalam BFT termasuk proses pembentukan bioflok, persyaratan teknis, kandungan nutrisi bioflok dan teknik karakterisasinya.

Kata kunci: bioflok, nitrogen, bakteri heterotrof, ammonia, rasio C/N
Effect of SKT-b Vibrio probiotic bacteria addition at different developmental stages on tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon larvae survival rate
Authors: Widanarni . , Arifin M.S. , Sukenda .
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of probiotic bacteria SKT-b Vibrio addition at different developmental stages on survival rates of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon larva.  Main activity of this experiment consisted of tiger shrimp rearing started from nauplius stage until Pl10 and addition of 106 CFU/ml SKT-b Vibrio probiotic bacteria at various developmental stages namely at early nauplius stage, early zoea zoea stage, early mysis stage, early postlarva (Pl) stage, every developmental stage changes, everyday, and control (without probiotic bacteria addition). Results showed that survival rates of shrimp larva ranged at 24,17%-35,83% with the higest value in the treatment of probiotic bacteria addition at every developmental stage changes namely 35,83%, whereas the lowest was found at control (without probiotic bacteria addition) namely 24,17%.  No significantly different was found in term of shrimp growth rate among control and treatment. Growth rate in length of tiger shrimp larva ranged 18,64%-19,09% for SKT-b Vibrio addition and 18,47% for control.

Key word: Probiotic bacteria, SKT-b Vibrio, Penaeus monodon, shrimp larvae stages

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian bakteri probiotik Vibrio SKT-b pada stadia yang berbeda terhadap kelangsungan hidup larva udang windu Penaeus monodon. Kegiatan utama dari penelitian ini adalah pemeliharaan udang windu yang dimulai dari stadia nauplius sampai Pl10 dan diberi bakteri probiotik Vibrio SKT-b dengan dosis 106 CFU/ml pada waktu yang berbeda yaitu pada awal stadia nauplius, awal stadia zoea, awal stadia mysis, awal stadia postlarva (Pl), setiap pergantian stadia, setiap hari, dan kontrol (tanpa pemberian bakteri probiotik). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva udang berkisar antara 24,17%-35,83% dengan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan pemberian bakteri probiotik pada setiap pergantian stadia yaitu sebesar 35,83%, sedangkan terendah pada perlakuan kontrol (tanpa pemberian bakteri probiotik) yaitu 24,17%.  Sedangkan terhadap pertumbuhan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kontrol dengan perlakuan. Nilai laju pertumbuhan panjang larva udang windu dengan penambahan bakteri probiotik Vibrio SKT-b berkisar antara 18,64%-19,09% dan kontrol sebesar 18,47%.

Kata kunci: Probiotik, Vibrio SKT-b, Penaeus monodon, stadia larva udang
Growth of Gracilaria under Different Planting Distances in Pond
Authors: Sunarto .
Published: February 2017

The use of non-productive shrimp ponds for cultivation of Gracilaria is one of the strategies that can be performed to achieve production target of seaweed. This study was conducted to determine the influence of different planting distances on growth of Gracilaria cultivated in pond. Gracilaria was separately planted in distant of 20x20 cm; 25x25 cm; 30x30 cm and 35x35 cm in pond for 45 days cultivation.  Relative growth rate and thallus length increment were measured to obtain an optimal planting distance. The results of study showed that 25x25 cm planting distance resulted in a higher relative growth rate (137.8%) and increment of thallus length (15.3%) compared with other treatments.  Thus, cultivation of Gracilaria in an unproductive pond with 25x25 cm planting distance may improve production.

Keywords : non-productive ponds, planting distance, Gracilaria

 

ABSTRAK

Pemanfaatan tambak udang yang tidak produktif untuk budidaya Gracilaria merupakan salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencapai target produksi rumpul laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan Gracilaria di tambak.  Gracilaria ditanam terpisah dengan jarak 20x20 cm; 25x25 cm; 30x30 cm dan 35x35 cm di tambak selama 45 hari pemeliharaan.  Pertumbuhan relatif dan panjang thalus diukur untuk memperoleh jarak tanam yang optimal.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam 25x25 cm memberikan pertumbuhan relatif (137.8%) dan pertambahan panjang thalus (15.3%) tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Dengan demikian, budidaya Gracilaria di tambak tidak produktif dengan jarak tanam 25x25 xm diduga sangat membantu untuk mencapai target produksi rumput laut.

Kata kunci : tambak non-produktif, jarak tanam, Gracilaria
Blood Meal Utilization as Organic Fe Source for Polka Dot Grouper Cromileptes altivelis Growth Performance
Authors: Setiawati Mia , Purnama P. , Mokoginta I.
Published: February 2017

This experiment was designed to examine the use of spray dried cell blood meal as organic Fe source in polka dot grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) feed to substitute inorganic Ferosulphate (FeSO4.7H2O). Two treatments were applied, one with FeSO4.7H2O as Fe source and the other with 6% blood meal. Fish with initial length and weight of 6.48 ± 0.16 cm and 5.60±0.25 g was reared at a density of 10 fish/aquarium (40 x 60 x 50 cm3) in a recirculation system for 40 days. Feed was administrated 3 times a day at satiation. The use of organic Fe with 6% blood meal apparently resulted in a lower body Fe content, feed consumption and lipid retention but a higher protein retention and feed efficiency. There was however no significant difference between treatments in growth and survival (P>0.05).  

Keywords : Spray dried cell, polka dot grouper, growth, Fe, blood meal

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian dirancang untuk melihat pemanfaatan tepung darah spray-dried cell (SBC) sebagai sumber zat besi organik dalam pakan kerapu bebek (Cromileptes altivelis), menggantikan bahan anorganik Ferosulfat (FeSO4.7H2O). Penelitian menggunakan 2 jenis perlakuan yaitu pakan Fe-anorganik dengan sumber Fe dari FeSO4.7H2O dan sumber Fe-organik dari tepung darah 6 %. Panjang awal ikan 6,48±0,16 cm dan bobot awal 5,60±0,25 gr/ekor, kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium (40x60x50cm3) dalam sistem resirkulasi. Pemeliharaan ikan selama 40 hari dengan pemberian pakan 3 kali sehari  sekenyangnya (at satiation). Parameter uji meliputi kinerja pertumbuhan dan komposisi tubuh ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan Fe-organik dengan 6 % tepung darah sebagai pengganti sumber Fe-anorganik pada kerapu bebek memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan kandungan Fe tubuh, konsumsi pakan dan retensi lemak, tetapi laju pertumbuhan harian, panjang relatif dan kelangsungan hidup sama (P>0,05). Penggunaan Fe-organik memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan retensi protein dan efisiensi pakan.

Kata kunci : spray-dried cell, kerapu bebek, pertumbuhan, Fe, tepung darah
Effects of Honey Supplementation in Female Brood Feed on Male and Female Percentages, Growth, and Survival Rate of Crayfish Red Claw (Cherax quadricarinatus) Seed
Authors: Mukti Akhmad Taufiq
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to know effects of honey supplementation in female brood feed on male and female percentages, growth, and survival rate of crayfish red claw seed. The method that used in this study was laboratory scale experiment. The treatments that was applied were addition of honey dosages in female brood feed of crayfish red claw, i.e. 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ml/kg feed. Parameters test were male and female percentages, daily growth (G), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate of crayfish red claw seed. Data analysis that used was descriptive analysis. The result of this study indicated that supplement of honey in female brood feed of crayfish red claw influenced male and female percentages, growth rate, and survival rate of seed. Treatment of honey dosage 300 ml/kg feed has high result, i.e. male percentage was 58,09% (female, 41.09%), daily  growth was 0.59 mm/day, specific growth rate was 0.10% of BW/day, and survival rate was 96.77 %. Treatment of honey dosage 0 ml/kg feed (control) showed low result, i.e. male percentage was 46.72 % (female, 53.28%), day growth was 0.55 mm/day, specific growth rate was 0.01%  of BW/day, and survival rate was 94.74%.
 Keywords: supplementation, honey, crayfish, sex, growth
 
 ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi madu dalam pakan induk betina terhadap persentase jantan dan betina, pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih lobster air tawar red claw. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah penambahan dosis madu dalam pakan induk betina lobster air tawar red claw, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 dan 300 ml/kg pakan. Parameter yang diuji adalah persentase jenis kelamin jantan dan betina, pertumbuhan harian (G), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) dan kelangsungan hidup dari benih lobster air tawar red claw. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suplemen madu dalam pakan induk betina lobster air tawar red claw mempengaruhi persentase jantan dan betina, tingkat pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih. Perlakuan dosis madu 300 ml/kg pakan memberikan hasil yang tertinggi, yaitu persentase jantan sebesar 58,095 % (betina, 41,095 %), pertumbuhan harian sebesar 0,596 mm/hari, laju pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 0,103 % BT/hari dan kelangsungan hidup sebesar 96,767 %. Perlakuan dosis madu 0 ml/kg pakan (kontrol) menunjukkan hasil yang terendah, yaitu persentase jantan sebesar 46,718 % (betina, 53,282 %), pertumbuhan harian sebesar 0,552 mm/hari, laju pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 0,099 % BT/hari dan kelangsungan hidup sebesar 94,742 %.

Kata kunci: suplementasi, madu, lobster air tawar, jenis kelamin, pertumbuhan
Artificial Feeds Given in Different Dose to the Growth and Feed Consumption of Semah Fish Seed (Tor Douronensis) in Order to Domestication
Authors: Sunarto . , Sabariah .
Published: February 2017

Semah fish (Tor douronensis) is a kind of freshwater fish pertained as a wild fish that almost extint and rare, therefore, it is necessary to preserve through the culture activity. Meanwhile, in fish culture effort, feed is considers as an important factor.  Thus, feed must meet a proper quality and quantity due to the fish maintenance, growth, and reproduction requirement. Test feed employed in this research was an artificial feed in form of pellet which was consists of 40% protein by dose tested of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% of biomass weight. The result indicated that daily growth rate was ranged between 1.44-1.99% by highest growth achieved at feed dose 6% and from the quadratic regression analysis achieved optimal dose by 6.18%.  Daily feed comsumption rate of semah fish seed was ranged between 2.69-10.19% per day.  Feed efficiency was ranged between 13.85-54.09%, and survival rate was 100%.

Keywords: dose, growth, feed comsumption, semah fish, Tor douronensis

 

ABSTRAK

Ikan semah (Tor douronensis) adalah jenis ikan air tawar yang tergolong jenis ikan liar yang hampir punah dan sudah langka, karena itu perlu upaya pelestariannya dengan usaha pembudidayaan. Dalam usaha budidaya ikan, pakan merupakan salah satu faktor penting. Oleh sebab itu pakan harus berkualitas dengan kuantitas yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan ikan untuk pertumbuhannya, pemeliharaan tubuh dan reproduksi. Pakan uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pakan buatan berupa pelet yang mengandung  protein 40% dengan dosis pakan yang diuji 3%, 6%, 9% dan 12% dari bobot biomassa. Hasil menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan harian berkisar antara 1,99-1,44% dengan pertumbuhan tertinggi dicapai pada dosis pakan 6% dan dari analisis regresi kwadratik diperoleh dosis optimum sebesar 6,18%. Laju konsumsi harian benih ikan semah selama penelitian ini berkisar antara 2,69-10,19 %/hari. Efesiensi pakan berkisar antara 54,09-13,85%, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%

Kata kunci: dosis, pertumbuhan, konsumsi pakan, ikan semah, Tor douronensis
Pengembangan Studi Islam Perspektif Insider-outsider
Authors: Hery Musnur
Published: February 2017

Pengembangan dan pengayaan studi Islam layak memperhatikan epistemologi yang diusung oleh perspektif insider-outsider. Epistemologi yang telah berkembang di dunia Islam seperti al-bayan (rasionalisme), al-burhan (empirisme) dan al-irfan (intuisi) harus diperkuat dengan epistemogi yang berkembang dengan kemajuan pengetahuan yang lazim menjadi pisau bedah analisis outsider seperti fenomenologi agama, distansiasi (penjarakan terhadap objek), apropriasi (penepatan objek bagi horizon diri), kritik ideology (kritik atas prasangka dan ilusi agama), variasi imajinatif (permianan imajinasi makna), dekonstruksi (pembongkaran ilusi dan doktrin mapan), dan hermeneutika (metodologi dan filsafat tafsir). Dengan kolaborasi epistemology insider dan outsider maka tensi antara kajian insider dan outside dapat dijembatani. Terkait yang terakhir ini maka gagasan crosscheck inside-outsider, yakni kajian sarjana tentang agama sebuah masyarakat harus diverifikasi oleh anggota masyarakat tersebut layak diapresiasi.The development and enrichment of Islamic studies ought to pay attention much on epistemology promoted by insider-outsider’s perspective. Epistemology that has evolved in the world of Islam as al-bayan (rationalism), al-burhan (empiricism) and al-irfan (intuition) should be reinforced with Epistemology evolving with the advancement of knowledge that commonly becomes scalpel analysis of outsider like phenomenology of religion, distansiasi ( the spacing of the object), appropriation (Placing the object to the its horizon), criticism of ideology (criticism of prejudices and illusions of religion), variations imaginative (the game of imagined meaning), deconstruction (dismantling of illusion and established doctrine), and hermeneutics (methodology and philosophy of interpretation). With the collaboration of epistemology of insider and outsider, so the tension between insider and outsider studies can be bridged. Related to this, the crosscheck idea of inside-outsider, the undergraduate study of religion in a society, should be verified by members of the community should be appreciated.
Membentuk Madrasah Diniyah Sebagai Alternatif Lembaga Pendidikan Elite Muslim Bagi Masyarakat
Authors: Alfi Syahr Zulfia Hanum
Published: February 2017

Madrasah Diniyah sebagai lembaga pendidikan nonformal berbasis keagamaan yang pelaksanaannya dilakukan sore hari setelah jam sekolah formal. Kurikulum Madrasah Diniyah yang sederhana dan alokasi waktu belajar yang pendek tidak menjadi hambatan bagi Madrasah Diniyah untuk menghasilkan peserta didik yang berpendidikan dan intelek. Sehingga, keberadaan Madrasah Diniyah mampu berkembang menjadi salah satu sekolah elite muslim yang dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan pendidikan agama Islam oleh masyarakat menengah ke bawah karena biaya pendidikannya yang murah. Selain itu, Madrasah Diniyah juga mampu bersaing dengan sekolah elite muslim lainnya yang memiliki biaya pendidikan lebih mahal. Oleh sebab itu, di era modernisasi sekarang ini pengelola Madrasah Diniyah harus mampu menghindari godaan materi dan sekuleritas kurikulum dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikannya. Tujuannya adalah untuk mencetak para muslim generasi muda yang cerdas pengetahuan serta iman dan taqwanya.Diniyaa Madrasaa as a non-formal educational institutions based on religious activities which are carried out at evening after formal school hours. DiniyaaMadrasaa’s simple curriculum and short period learning activity is not being a barrier for producingeducated and intellectualstudents. Thus, the existence of DiniyaaMadrasaa can be developed into one of the moslem elite schools that can accomodate the education needed oflower middle classpeople because the tuition fee is cheap. DiniyaaMadrasaaalso able to compete with other moslem elite school that has more expensive tuition fees. Therefore, now in the era of modernization, the manager of Diniyaa Madrasaa should avoid the temptation of material and secularism curricullum in the education activity. The purpose is to create the smart young moslem generation in knowledge and faith.
Kultur Asrama Berbasis Sekolah Sebagai Pusat Pembinaan Karakter (Studi Kasus di SMPIT Al-Furqon Palembang)
Authors: Munir Munir
Published: February 2017

Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang mendeskripsikan tentang kultur asrama di SMPIT Al-Furqan Palembang, memahami makna filosofis asrama bagi masyarakat belajar SMPIT Al-Furqan Palembang, serta memahami sistem nilai dalam kultur tersebut pada konteks pendidikan Islam kontemporer. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan, yakni dengan menjadikan SMPIT Al-Furqan Palembang sebagai objek penelitian. Sedangkan sumber primer dalam penelitian ini, yakni berasal dari hasil observasi dan didukung juga dengan hasil wawancara. Sedangkan yang menjadi informan dalam kajian ini adalah para siswa dan para tenaga pendidik, pembina dan kepala asrama, kepala sekolah, pengurus dapur, petugas keamanan dan ketertiban asrama, kantin dan toko di sekitar asrama, serta beberapa orang wali siswa. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa karakter yang ingin ditanamkan kepada setiap siswa/ peserta didik di SMPIT Al-Furqan Palembang, yakni: religious, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial, dll. Karakter ini akan dicapai dengan membuat tata tertib peraturan, panduan dan sangsi atas setiap pelanggaran.                              This article is the result of research that describes about the dormitory culture at Al-Furqan SMP IT Palembang, understanding the philosophical meaning of hostels for people to learn SMPIT Al-Furqan Palembang, as well as understanding the value system of the culture in the context of contemporary Islamic education. This research is a field study, by making SMP IT Al-Furqan Palembang as research objects. While the primary source in this study is derived from the observation and supported also by the results of the interview. While the informants in this study are students and educators, teachers and matron, principals, kitchen staffs, security guards and order cafeterias and shops around the dormitory, as well as several students’ parents. The article concludes that the character who wants to be imparted to each student / learner in SMP IT Al-Furqan Palembang, namely: religious, honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, environmental care, social care, and so on. These characters will be achieved by making the disciplinary regulations, guidelines and sanctions for any violations.
Model optimalisasi peran Ketua Rukun Tetangga dalam mencegah perceraian
Authors: Puspita Dyah Retna , Dharma Pawrtha , Idanati Rukna
Published: February 2017

The rising number of divorce in Purbalingga encourages the idea to optimize the divorce prevention effort by conducting family resilience counsulting. The target is neighbourhood association whose members are mostly men. Approach to them are necessary because they were rarely became the target of family counseling. As a social organization, activities within neighbourhood association are highly depends on its chairman. This research analyzes (1) neighbourhood association chairman's view regarding the divorces phenomena in Purbalingga Regency and (2) their roles in prevent divorces in their area. This research was conducted in District of Purbalingga which has high number of divorce cases. Sample locations for this research consist of four urban areas which purposively selected using chairman as responden. Data obtained through questionnaires and discussion groups, analyzed by simple quantitative techniques. The study shows that, firstly, most of respondents are lacking of awareness of the divorces phenomena in Purbalingga regency. This is because the association never receives the information or report of divorces. Second, there are several respondents that reported their cases to chairmen, but most of chairmen did not have the power to prevent it, because people who asked for divorce administration letter had their final decision to separate with their partner. Results lead to conclusion that the effort to decrease the number of divorce can be held by giving continual consultation to men about family resilience.
Avaliação de diferentes fontes de carboidratos para o sistema de bioflocos e crescimento do camarão branco
Authors: GANDINI Fernanda Alves , NASCIMENTO júnior José Ricardo de Oliveira , MEDEIROS Cataline Soares , OSHIRO Lidia Miyako Yoshii , SANT'ANA Nivaldo de Faria
Published: February 2017

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o resí­­duo de cervejaria e outras diferentes fontes de carboidratos para o sistema de bioflocos e  diferentes densidades para o crescimento do camarão branco, Litopenaeus vannamei (peso inicial de 0,35 Â± 0,05g). O experimento foi realizado durante o perí­­odo de 55 dias, utilizando 6 tratamentos com 3 repetições cada, com duas densidades de estocagem (300 e 500 camarões/mÂ²) e três substratos (resí­­duo de cervejaria, melaço de cana e farinha de mandioca). Os parí­¢metros abióticos foram monitorados diariamente e as biometrias ocorreram semanalmente, para a avaliação do desempenho. Os parí­¢metros fí­­sico-quí­­micos da água encontraram-se adequados para a espécie, entretanto os compostos nitrogenados alcançaram ní­­veis pouco elevados, porém os í­­ndices zootécnicos foram satisfatórios, apresentando médias de sobrevivência, ganho de peso e peso final entre 74-82%; 3,5-5,0g e 4,2-5,7g, respectivamente. Verificou-se que tratamentos com o resí­­duo de cervejaria apresentaram parí­¢metros zootécnicos superiores e também, maior formação de flocos microbianos. Os tratamentos com menores densidades apresentaram melhores í­­ndices zootécnicos. Os resultados demonstraram que a produtividade dos flocos nos diferentes tratamentos é eficiente como complemento alimentar para o crescimento de L. vannamei e para a qualidade da água, e que entre os substratos, o resí­­duo de cervejaria revela-se como excelente composto orgí­¢nico para a formação do bioflocos.
Financial Inclusion-Role of Payment Banks in India
Authors: Srinivas G. Sabitha
Published: February 2017

Opening of new branch in every village is uneconomical for any traditional bank. Transactions through mobile phones may cover a low cost platform for basic banking services to every rural or urban citizen. India’s domestic remittance market is more than Rs. 900 Billions. The payment banks play a vital role in implementing the government’s direct benefit transfer scheme, where subsidies on healthcare, education and gas are paid directly to beneficiaries’ accounts. Keeping in mind the government's unwavered digital drive target, customers shifting from cash transactions to operating their accounts on their mobile phone, this paper discusses the objectives of primary banks, its history and services rendered by it. This paper also focuses on m-Banking, the Department of Posts, Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana and the India Post Payments Banks.
The 2016 Austrian-Swiss-German Fellowship
Authors: Veljkovic Andrea N. , Sewell Mathew D. , Mears Simon C. , Edmonds Eric W.
Published: February 2017

The Austrian-Swiss-German (ASG) Traveling Fellowship, which began in 1979, is an annual exchange of surgeons between the German-speaking countries of Austria, Switzerland, and Germany and the English-speaking countries of the United States, England, and Canada. In 2016, 4 fellows were chosen to participate in the fellowship, including Eric Edmonds from the University of California, San Diego; Simon Mears from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Mathew Sewell from the James Cook University in Middlesbrough, England; and Andrea Veljkovic from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia and Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Deren Matthew E. , Babu Jacob , Cohen Eric M. , Machan Jason , Born Christopher T. , Hayda Roman
Published: February 2017

Background:

Sarcopenia is a condition of clinically relevant loss of muscle mass and function. Acetabular fractures in elderly patients are common and difficult to treat. This study aimed to determine if sarcopenia is common in elderly patients with acetabular fractures and correlates with lower-energy mechanisms of injury, higher rates of complications, and higher mortality than patients with normal muscle mass.

Methods:

The Rhode Island Hospital Trauma Database was queried for patients who were ≥60 years of age from 2005 to 2014 using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code for closed acetabular fracture, 808.0. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, operative intervention, mechanism of injury, mortality, comorbidities, and other factors. Computed tomography (CT) was used to determine the muscle cross-sectional area and to calculate the skeletal muscle index.

Results:

The database revealed 192 patients coded for acetabular fracture; of these, 181 were correctly diagnosed. Ninety-nine patients had recorded body mass index (BMI) and adequate CT scans to measure the skeletal muscle index. Forty-two patients (42.4%) had sarcopenia, and 57 patients (57.6%) did not have sarcopenia. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the groups with the exception of BMI and sex. BMI was higher in patients who did not have sarcopenia (31.7 kg/m2) than it was in patients with sarcopenia (23.6 kg/m2) (p < 0.001). Male sex was significantly greater (p = 0.0104) in patients with sarcopenia at 76.2% (32 of 42 patients) than in patients without sarcopenia at 50.9% (29 of 57 patients). Fractures in patients without sarcopenia were associated with a higher-energy mechanism of injury in 78.9% of cases compared with 52.4% of cases of patients with sarcopenia (p = 0.005). Sarcopenia was significantly associated (p = 0.0419) with increased 1-year mortality (28.6%) compared with the absence of sarcopenia (12.3%). This association was even stronger if in-hospital mortality was excluded (p = 0.00074). Finally, anterior column fractures were more likely (p = 0.017) to be sustained by patients with sarcopenia at 47.6% (20 patients) than by patients who did not have sarcopenia at 24.6% (14 patients).

Conclusions:

Sarcopenia is common in elderly patients with acetabular fractures and is associated with lower-energy mechanisms, anterior column fractures, and higher risk of 1-year mortality.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ecos de justicia: entre la escritura y la oralidad
Authors: Rodríguez Cárdenas Sebastián
Published: February 2017

Em razão da tendência à unificação de um sistema processual oral e acusatório na Colômbia – relativamente recente se comparado com o consolidado em sua história processual –, este ensaio busca destacar as bases filosóficas e literárias que sujazem ao aparente conflito entre a escrita e a oralidade, desvelando a pergunta sub-reptícia pela validade das normas jurídicas, assim como suas manifestações como modelos de coerção social. Para tanto, examinam-se alguns relatos fundadores da vivência da lei como prescrição escrita e como prescrição oral a fim de analisar, posteriormente e sob a perspectiva de Foucault, o sistema jurídido da antiga Grécia e o nascimento de uma oralidade contemporânea estruturada a partir do texto escrito.
Alumbrar-se: realismo mágico e resistência às ditaduras na América Latina
Authors: Maia Gretha Leite
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de estudo que articula o gênero literário realismo fantástico e o movimento de resistência às ditaduras militares na América Latina durante o século XX. Examina a definição do gênero literário fantástico a partir de T. Todorov. Investiga as razões do recurso ao fantástico após o desenvolvimento de uma literatura realista. Analisa duas obras representativas do realismo fantástico latino-americano: “Incidente em Antares”, do escritor brasileiro Érico Veríssimo, e “A Casa dos Espíritos”, da escritora chilena Isabel Allende. Conclui que o realismo fantástico colaborou com a resistência às ditaduras militares na América Latina e cumprem a função de construir e preservar a memória coletiva desse período histórico.
“El cerco de Numancia”: un esbozo encarnado de la corrupción a partir del drama cervantino
Authors: Falconí Trávez Diego
Published: February 2017

Analiso o texto teatral O cerco de Numância, de Miguel de Cervantes, como escrito-chave que esconde certos discursos relativos à corrupção. Para isso, desde o vínculo entre Direito e Literatura, interessa-me dar conta de como, para propor um enfoque diferente deste fenômeno, os estudos corporais podem fazer uma abordagem significativa. A partir da filosofia política e da teoria da literatura, procurarei entender como certos gestos podem trazer à luz ideologias que fazem com que o “fantasma da corrupção” seja imperceptível, ao mesmo tempo em que intentam devolver ao corpo seu lugar de enunciação, como ente depositário de direitos.
A força dos precedentes no julgamento de Shylock em "O mercador de Veneza" de Shakespeare
Authors: Nogueira Gustavo Santana
Published: February 2017

O trabalho se dispõe a apresentar a força dos precedentes judiciais através do exame da obra O mercador de Veneza, de Shakespeare, uma vez que a teoria dos precedentes vinculantes, originariamente conhecida como stare decisis, tem sua origem no direito britânico. Pretende-se abordar, ainda que brevemente, a história dos precedentes no seu nascedouro, traçando um paralelo entre a cultura jurídica britânica e a peça acima referida, numa perspectiva histórica. Observar-se-á que, na época em que a peça foi escrita pelo dramaturgo de Stratford-upon-Avon, já havia uma cultura judicial em torno dos precedentes, como o comprova a análise de decisões judiciais contemporâneas ao período em que a peça teria sido provavelmente escrita. O foco específico é o trecho do famoso julgamento da execução da garantia da nota promissória, que autorizava o credor a cortar uma libra de carne do devedor, em que Pórcia, uma das personagens, afirma: “Impossível; não há poder em Veneza que possa alterar um decreto sacramentado. Ficaria registrado como um precedente, e muitas ações legais equivocadas, uma vez dado esse exemplo, choveriam sobre o Estado. Impossível”. Já na Inglaterra medieval verifica-se claramente – e a obra de Shakespeare o evidencia – a importância dos precedentes judiciais, bem como a sua relevância para pautar a conduta dos cidadãos em suas relações fora do Judiciário, inclusive. A fala sugere que uma decisão judicial gera proteção de confiança e expectativa legítima, não só para as partes do caso concreto, mas para a sociedade como um todo.
Uso de un alimento integral como complemento a cabras locales en pastoreo: respuesta en producción y composición química de la leche
Authors: Maldonado-Jaquez Jorge Alonso , Granados-Rivera Lorenzo Danilo , Hernandez-Mendo Omar , Pastor-Lopéz Francisco Javier , Isidro-Requejo Luis Maconetzin , Salinas-Gonzalez Homero , Torres-Hernandez Glafiro
Published: February 2017

Una característica del sistema de producción extensivo caprino, es que la alimentación de la cabra lechera es exclusivamente a través del pastoreo, pero este, por sí solo no puede satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales de la cabra, por lo que es necesario complementar la dieta, si se quiere incrementar la producción de leche. Por tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto en la producción y composición de la leche de cabras locales en pastoreo complementadas con un alimento integral. Para ello, se realizaron dos experimentos. En el primer experimento, se evaluó el efecto de cambiar de un sistema de pastoreo a uno confinado, con el objetivo de desafiar a las cabras para que expresaran su potencial productivo al ofrecerles un complemento. En el segundo experimento se evaluó el efecto en producción de leche y componentes de la leche de cabras en pastoreo al complementarlas con diferentes niveles de un alimento  integral. Los datos de producción de leche y composición química (grasa, proteína, lactosa) de leche en ambos experimentos fueron analizados utilizando un modelo de medidas repetidas, a través del procedimiento MIXED, adicionalmente se usó la producción de leche inicial como covariable. Los datos de peso vivo y condición corporal final de las cabras se analizaron como un diseño completamente al azar, usando la producción de leche inicial como covariable. El uso de una dieta integral como único alimento a cabras locales en confinamiento no cambió la concentración de grasa en leche, pero si aumentó la producción de leche y la concentración de proteína y lactosa en leche respecto a cabras locales en pastoreo. Así mismo, la complementación a cabras locales en pastoreo con una dieta integral a niveles de 500 g d-1 y 1000 g d-1 no cambió la concentración de grasa en leche, pero se mejoró la condición corporal de las cabras y aumentó la producción de leche y concentración de proteína y lactosa en leche respecto a cabras sin complemento. El análisis de costos parciales indicó que la complementación de cabras en pastoreo con 500 g de dieta integral resulta ser la estrategia alimenticia de mejor viabilidad económica, con base en ello, se recomienda este nivel de complementación a cabras locales en pastoreo.