bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Hepatite B no Estado de Pernambuco entre 2012 a 2020
Authors: Santos Aline Gabriela Lima dos , Melo Brunna Caram Fiorese Araujo , Melo Giulia Caram Fiorese Araujo , Melo Isabella Caram Fiorese Araujo , Silva Juliana Joyce Pires da , Silva Vitória Caroline Barros Cabral da , Gomes Andréa Maria André
Published: January 2025

A hepatite B é uma doença causada por um DNA vírus com transmissão predominantemente sexual, embora outras vias também se notabilizem por um relevante número de casos, como a via vertical e a parenteral - pelo uso de drogas injetáveis. A doença é bastante prevalente e tal exposição, muitas vezes assintomática, favorece o processo de cronificação, um quadro grave caracterizado por uma clínica capaz de manifestar, por exemplo, cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC). No Brasil, o vírus da hepatite B (HBV) está presente e é responsável por milhares de casos no país. Assim, sabendo disso, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o perfil da população acometida pela hepatite B em um recorte espacial do estado de Pernambuco, e temporal, de 2012 a 2020. Essa análise foi feita a partir de informações coletadas da base de dados secundária do DATASUS e tabulada no programa Microsoft Excel®. No período analisado, foram contabilizados 1.719 casos. O perfil da doença no estado é, principalmente, de indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos (20 a 59 anos), pardos, residentes da região metropolitana, com ensino médio completo e transmissão via sexual. A faixa etária da população com mais óbitos é a idosa. Nesse sentido, pôde-se concluir que a hepatite B, com altos índices em Pernambuco - apesar da grande subnotificação-, possui estreita relação com a idade e a transmissão sexual, apesar da existência da vacinação, denotando um desconhecimento da população concomitante à uma falha do poder público em realizar campanhas de testagens e conscientização da comunidade.
Pendampingan Peningkatan Keterampilan Sapaan Bahasa Inggris Siswa Panti Asuhan melalui Pendekatan Interaktif
Authors: Tahang Heriyanti , Syifa Afia Tsalisa , Hardianti Rinda
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan bahasa Inggris di Papua, khususnya di Yayasan Putra Putri Al-Ikhlas, menghadapi tantangan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara Bahasa Inggris dasar siswa. Salah satu aspek yang perlu diperhatikan adalah penguasaan sapaan dalam bahasa Inggris, baik yang formal maupun informal, yang sangat penting dalam interaksi sosial sehari-hari. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membantu siswa memahami penggunaan sapaan bahasa Inggris yang tepat serta meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara mereka melalui pendekatan interaktif. Pembelajaran dilakukan dalam empat pertemuan dengan metode yang melibatkan role-play dan diskusi kelompok, yang memungkinkan siswa untuk berlatih langsung dalam situasi sosial. Sebanyak enam siswa mengikuti kegiatan ini, dan pre-test dilakukan sebelum pembelajaran untuk mengukur pengetahuan awal siswa, sementara post-test dilakukan setelah kegiatan untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan pemahaman mereka. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa semua siswa mengalami peningkatan, dengan empat siswa (Kesya, Irmawati, Dian, dan Rosaim) memperoleh peningkatan skor yang signifikan, terutama dalam penggunaan sapaan yang tepat sesuai konteks. Meskipun demikian, beberapa siswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam membedakan penggunaan sapaan formal dan informal. Penggunaan metode interaktif terbukti efektif dalam mendukung pembelajaran bahasa Inggris, dan diharapkan dapat diterapkan lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa.
Biomarkers in Carotid and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors:   , Mekke Joost Martin
Published: January 2025

This dissertation investigates the relationship between biomarkers and cardiovascular event risks after vascular surgeries on the carotid and femoral arteries. It aims to identify plaque-, plasma-, and extracellular vesicle-based biomarkers linked to increased MACE (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events) or MALE (Major Adverse Limb Events) risk to improve future risk stratification.

Part I focuses on atherosclerotic plaques. Mast cell density was highest in “culprit” lesions and linked to vulnerability. Red blood cell accumulation in plaques was associated with instability, particularly in men, and related to neurological symptoms before CEA. Accumulation was also linked to plaque hemorrhages, suggesting a role in instability.

Part II examines biomarkers in CEA patients. Extracellular vesicle biomarkers had stronger associations with MACE than plasma or plaque counterparts. Plasma LPL showed a time-dependent risk association: higher risk in the first 30 days but lower risk from 30 days to 3 years. Blood cell features like RDW, MCV, and neutrophil size were independently linked to MACE and are measurable with routine clinical tools.

Part III explores PAD patients undergoing FEA. Both MACE and MALE risks were assessed, with CD14, Serpin G1, and lipoprotein(a) identified as key markers. CD14 and Serpin G1 were linked to MACE, while Serpin G1 and lipoprotein(a) were associated with MALE. These findings highlight potential biomarkers for tailored treatment and risk stratification in PAD patients.
Recovery of peripheral blood cells in irradiated mice pretreated with bacterial extract IRS-19.
Authors: Macková NO , Fedoročko P
Published: January 2025

The effect of antigenic bacterial lysate IRS-19 on the recovery of blood cells was studied in mice injured by a single dose of 7 Gy irradiation. The preirradiation administration of IRS-19 accelerated the recovery of leukocytes, reticulocytes and platelets in peripheral blood. The recovery of leukocytes 9-14 days after irradiation in protected animals was accompanied by a higher level of band forms of granulocytes as well as activated lymphoid and monocytoid cells.
Cardiovascular changes during sudden ascent in a cable cabin.
Authors: Kujaník Š , Sninčák M , Galajdová K , Racková K
Published: January 2025

Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of extrasystoles in higher decennia is proportional to the altitude. The occurrence of supraventricular (SVPB) and ventricular (VEB) extrasystoles, values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the heart rate were studied in 20 healthy elderly men (50-64 years) during cable cabin transportation to a moderate altitude. These values were measured in stations located at 898 m, 1764 m, and 2632 m above sea level during the transportation in both directions. Our records show that the values of blood pressure and heart rate were within normal limits during the whole period of transportation. Both SVPB and VEB were increasing during the ascent and decreasing to the initial values during the descent compared to the values at altitude of 898 m. The highest values (6 to 7-times exceeding the initial ones) were measured at the summit. The results have demonstrated that the occurrence of SVPB and VEB is proportional to the altitude. The increased incidence in the number of extrasystoles is suggested to be mediated by beta-adrenoceptors.
SENTIMENT-DRIVEN FINANCE: ANALYZING EMOTIONS TO INFORM INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Authors:   Department of Data Science University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, Arzuman Ara Laila , Rahman MD Ishtiyak ,   Department of CSE Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Published: January 2025

— This paper examines the important role of
analyzing financial sentiment in comprehending market
trends and investor actions. In a time where public
sentiment can significantly influence financial outcomes, it
is crucial for both investors and analysts to evaluate the
emotions present in text data from diverse sources like
social media, financial news, and earnings call transcripts.
The article provides a comprehensive summary of key
methods such as Natural Language Processing (NLP),
machine learning, deep learning, and sentiment lexicons,
all of which are crucial for effectively capturing and
interpreting financial sentiment. Financial sentiment
analysis applications are thoroughly discussed, with an
emphasis on predicting stock market trends, managing
risks, and evaluating consumer sentiment. Case studies
highlight practical applications, showing how sentiment
analysis can improve forecast precision and impact
investment tactics. Moreover, the publication addresses
the challenges encountered in the field, such as identifying
sarcasm and dealing with data interference, which hinder
the examination of nuanced language and contextual
understandings. In the future, the publication will examine
predicted patterns influenced by advancements in artificial
intelligence and big data technology, highlighting the
potential for more thorough examination of extensive
datasets. This study seeks to provide financial
professionals with the understanding needed to navigate
the complexities of market sentiment by presenting a fair
representation of both the opportunities and constraints in
financial sentiment analysis. In the end, this report
contributes to the growing field of financial analysis,
paving the way for further research and practical use in a
market that is becoming more based on sentiment.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF NOVEL FOUR LAYERSMICRO CHANNEL HEAT EXCHANGER COUPLED WITH NANO-FLUID USING TWOPHASE APPROACH
Authors: Abbas Asad , Mahmood Muhid , Tousif Muaaz , Tahir Muhammad ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering UET Lahore, Pakistan
Published: January 2025

Ansys fluent is utilized to conduct an analysis
of a four-layer micro channel heat exchanger (MCHE)
operating in a counter-flow configuration, employing the
Eulerian multiphase model. The primary focus of this
research is to evaluate the thermohydraulic performance
of the MCHE when utilizing a water-Al2O3 nanofluid
and a Phase Change Material (PCM). The study
examines the influence of nanoparticle and PCM volume
fractions on the overall heat transfer coefficient. It is
observed that due to its phase change properties, PCM
exhibits a higher heat transfer coefficient compared to
nanofluid. While nanofluids enhance thermal
conductivity, they also increase viscosity, resulting in a
lower overall heat transfer coefficient compared to pure
PCM. The velocity, temperature, volume fraction,
pressure, and density distributions provide insights into
the flow, heat transfer, mixing, and dispersion
characteristics of the MCHE. As the PCM volume
fraction increases, the pressure drop across the MCHE
decreases, leading to reduced pumping power
requirements and improved energy efficiency.
INTEGRATING HUMAN FACTORS IN CYBER SECURITY FOR BETTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Imo State University, Owerri., I. A Amaefule , U.L Chilaka ,   Department of Computer Science, Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University, Ideato., Kizito Uka Kanayo ,   Department of Computer Science, Imo State University, Owerri., C.C Ibebuogu ,   Department of Computer Science, Imo State University, Owerri.
Published: January 2025

Keeping a safe digital environment is essential,
especially as businesses depend more and more on
technology. In addition to growing more reliant on
technology, society is also become more susceptible to
cybercrimes. Since the human element is linked to
numerous security events and data breaches, it becomes
crucial to maintaining a secure cyberspace. A minor
mistake made by an ignorant person could have serious
consequences, including possible legal action, financial
losses, reputational harm, and a breach of private
information. The study intends to investigate a number
of human elements, including awareness, behavior,
training, and culture. It also provides important
information and suggestions for enhancing security by
reducing the risk associated with human activity.
Fashioning cultural entrepreneurship. The role of heritage in dissemination, didactic and research activities among stakeholders
Authors: Vacca Federica , Vandi Angelica
Published: January 2025

As a Cultural and Creative Industry (CCIs), Fashion promotes the establishment of cultural ecosystems, defined as environments in which different actors are driven to produce and consume artefacts, services, and strategies highly dependent on heritage. However, fashion heritage, encompassing tangible artefacts, technical know-how, and socio-cultural meanings embedded in territorial traditions, is often locked within private and corporate archives, limiting its accessibility and potential for broader societal impact and cultural accessibility. This study addresses the challenge of decoding and mobilizing such implicit heritage to drive cultural entrepreneurship, interdisciplinarity, and the development of new professional figures capable of bringing the intrinsic value of CCIs back to life. In light of this scenario, the article addresses the role of fashion heritage within cultural entrepreneurship initiatives, focusing on three main actors – fashion companies, public museums, and academia – and providing an overview of the types of dissemination, didactic and research programs adopted and the pursued objectives. The strategic model of the Gianfranco Ferré Research Center at Politecnico di Milano will be presented as a best practice in integrating fashion cultural heritage within a comprehensive framework of research, education, and dissemination activities within academia and with spillover effects on the entire fashion system. By highlighting the potential for heritage to impact and benefit the broader CCIs contexts, this study contributes to the literature on fashion heritage and cultural entrepreneurship by offering a replicable model for leveraging archives as drivers of educational value as well as cultural and social sustainability in fashion.
Diminished ovarian reserve is associated to euploidy rate: a single center study
Authors: Carnesi Edoardo , Castellano Stefano , Albani Elena , Busnelli Andrea , Smeraldi Antonella , Bulbul Ozgur , Morenghi Emanuela , Immediata Valentina , Levi-Setti Paolo Emanuele
Published: January 2025

Background

Reproductive success shows a well-documented decline with advancing maternal age, primarily due to chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidies) in embryos. While ovarian reserve markers such as Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and Antral Follicle Count (AFC) traditionally serve as quantitative predictors of fertility, emerging evidence suggests they may also reflect oocyte quality, particularly in patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR). The relationship between these biomarkers and embryo chromosomal status remains complex and poorly understood.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles performed between 2015 and 2022, involving 773 female patients who underwent IVF and pre-implantation genetic screening for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Our patient cohort was divided into two groups: Group 1, consisting of women who achieved at least one euploid embryo, and Group 2, comprising women who did not.

Results

The main outcome measures included the rate and number of euploid blastocysts and their correlation with ovarian reserve. Our results showed a statistically significant association between independent variables and embryo ploidy: AMH levels (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.04-1.14, p<0.001), the age of the woman (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.79-0.85, p<0.001), the number of oocytes retrieved (OR 1.050; 95% CI 1.01-1.08, p=0.05), and the fertilization rate (OR 6.69; 95% CI 2.67-16.77, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that AMH levels are associated with embryo ploidy rate. These insights could enhance counseling practices in assisted reproductive technology (ART), offering patients a more detailed understanding of their infertility prognosis and the factors influencing IVF outcomes.
Prokaryotic communities associated with marine hydrothermal systems of the Gulf of California
Authors: Aguila-Ramírez Ruth Noemí , González-Acosta Bárbara , Gutiérrez-Almada Karla María , Borges-Souza José Manuel , Cervantes-Gámez Rocío Guadalupe , Quiróz-Guzmán Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Marine hydrothermal systems (MHS) are considered extreme environments due to their unique physicochemical conditions, which are challenging for most organisms. This study investigates the microbial communities in three MHS sites in Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Methods

Sediment samples were collected in two seasons of the year: rainy and dry season. Bacterial DNA was extracted, the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified.

Results and discussion

The analysis of microbial community structure and composition revealed that species richness and diversity were higher at control sites (not influenced by hydrothermal conditions). Samples from the MHS showed temporal variation in richness, as measured by the Chao1 index. Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant classes. No significant differences in community structure were found between the seasons or between the control and MHS sites. However, the analysis did reveal differences in community structure among the three hydrothermal locations: Burro, Santispac, and Agua Caliente. The presence of Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria highlights their key roles in primary production within shallow hydrothermal systems, these microbial communities demonstrate their capacity to colonize diverse substrates. This study enhances the microbiological understanding of hydrothermal environments in Baja California Sur, and molecular analysis of unculturable microbes could provide further insights into their physiology and ecological roles in shallow hydrothermal systems.
Spinal neuromodulation using ultra low frequency waveform inhibits sensory signaling to the thalamus and preferentially reduces aberrant firing of thalamic neurons in a model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Jones Martyn G. , Matthews Liam A. , Lempka Scott , Verma Nishant , Harris James P. , McMahon Stephen B.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Many forms of chronic pain remain refractory to existing pharmacotherapies and electrical neuromodulation. We have recently reported the clinical efficacy of a novel form of analgesic electrical neuromodulation that uses ultra low frequency (ULF™) biphasic current and studied its effects on sensory nerve fibers. Here, we show that in anesthetized rats, epidural ULF current reversibly inhibits activation of neurons in the thalamus receiving sensory spinothalamic input.

Methods

In naïve, neuropathic and sham-operated rats, recordings of ongoing and evoked activity were made from thalamic neurons, targeting the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus.

Results

Responses to electrical stimulation of hind limb receptive fields were reduced in 25 of 32 (78%) neurons tested with lumbar epidural ULF neuromodulation. Cells preferentially responsive to low intensity stimulation were more likely to be found than cells responding to a range of stimulus intensities, or high intensity only; and low threshold responses were more likely to be inhibited by ULF than high threshold responses. On-going activity unrelated to hindlimb stimulation, observed in 17 of 39 neurons in naïve animals (44%), was reduced by lumbar epidural ULF current in only 3 of 14 (21%) neurons tested with ULF. By contrast, in rats with a well-characterized neuropathic injury, spinal nerve ligation (SNL), we found a much higher incidence of on-going activity in thalamic neurons: 53 of 55 neurons (96%) displayed firing unrelated to hindlimb stimulation. In this group, ULF current reduced thalamic neurone discharge rate in 19 of 29 (66%) neurons tested. In sham-operated animals, the incidence of such activity in thalamic neurons and the effect of ULF current were not significantly different from the naïve group.

Discussion

We conclude firstly that ULF current can acutely and reversibly interrupt signaling between sensory afferent fibers and relay neurons of the thalamus. Second, ongoing activity of thalamic neurons increases dramatically in the early stages following neuropathic injury. Third, this novel form of neuromodulation preferentially attenuates pathological thalamic activity in this neuropathic model compared to normal activity in naïve and sham-operated animals. This study, therefore, demonstrates that epidural ULF current can reduce nerve injury-related abnormal activity reaching the brain. These findings help advance understanding of possible mechanisms for the analgesic effects of ULF neuromodulation.
Prognostic significance of lymph node ratio in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: insights from the South Asian population
Authors: Qureshi Sajida , Abbasi Waqas Ahmad , Jalil Hira Abdul , Mughal Saba , Quraishy Muhammad Saeed
Published: January 2025

Background

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a significant health concern in South Asia, yet data on prognostic factors, such as lymph node ratio (LNR), in this region is limited. This study aims to assess the prognostic significance of LNR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients undergoing concurrent neoadjuvant therapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE).

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of ESCC patients who underwent concurrent neoadjuvant therapy followed by MIE at Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Lymph node ratios were derived and patients were categorized into three groups: LNR 0, LNR low (≤ 0.1), and LNR high (>0.1). Patient characteristics were compared along with lymph node groups, and survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Chi-square/Fisher exact test, Pearson correlation, Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates, and Cox regression models.

Results

Among the 47 patients, 15 (31.9%) deaths were observed. Patients with a high LNR had a higher mortality rate (70%) compared to those with a low LNR (41.7%) and 0 LNR (12%) (p = 0.002). Additionally, patients with a high LNR (>0.1) were associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (30.0% vs. 58.3% vs. 88.0%, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was also observed between LNR and the number of metastatic lymph nodes (correlation coefficient = 0.928, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that high LNR emerged as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC patients undergoing concurrent neoadjuvant therapy followed by MIE.
Patient empowerment: a critical evaluation and prescription for a foundational definition
Authors: Varela Antonio J. , Gallamore Michael J. , Hansen Noah R. , Martin Dakota C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The evolution of healthcare continues to display an incongruence between delivery and outcomes. Current healthcare paradigms for patient empowerment warrants analysis. A lacking operational application for and agree upon assessment of patient empowerment contributes to healthcare’s incongruence. Interchangeable psychosocial concepts and specific patient contextual factors associated with health-related behavioral change have escaped an applicable definition of empowerment. The aim of this theoretical perspective review is to support a comprehensive and contextual understanding of patient empowerment that frames a definition for future consensus research.

Methods and mechanisms

A theoretical perspective review of patient empowerment including interchangeable concepts and patient contextual factors such as personal suffering and resilience; self-determined meaning and purpose; and autonomy, competence, and self-efficacy are critically analyzed. This analysis builds on adjacent concepts including therapeutic alliance, communication, motivation, and trust. The inclusion of specific patient contextual factors that relate to behavioral change elevate the need to reinforce coping and self-management skills as mechanism for patient empowerment. Practice gaps for those experiencing chronic disease, pain, and mental health disorders in rehabilitation setting are specific populations who benefit from healthcare providers unifying the variables associated with patient empowerment.

Results and discussion

The review of associated concepts synthesized an actionable definition of patient empowerment that serves as a foundation for future research. Behavior related changes occur through the evolution in one’s identity, perceptions, and abilities. Interventions that inspire autonomy, competence, and relatedness with a renewed sense of purpose establish resilience and self-efficacy. The totality of this inspired self-determined plan of care establishes the mechanisms required for behavioral change and sustainable transformation. The cumulative experience becomes patient empowerment.
The newly credentialed veterinary technician: perceptions, realities, and career challenges
Authors: Reinhard Addie R. , Celt Victoria P. , Pilewki Leah E. , Hendricks Mariel K.
Published: January 2025

Previous research has shown that when comparing psychological wellbeing between credentialed veterinary technicians and human registered nurses, high levels of burnout and distress were noted within the veterinary technician population. This qualitative focus group study sought to gain a better understanding of the early-career veterinary technician experience to understand what factors might contribute to stress and burnout. Four ninety-minute qualitative focus groups were conducted with a range of two to five participants. Semi-structured interviewing was used, and focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed. Two major categories were identified: (1) The Credentialing Journey, and (2) Challenges with the Career. Seven themes were identified in these two categories, including Credentialing: Perceptions and Reality, the Newly Credentialed Veterinary Technician, Us vs. Us, Ethical Dilemmas, Work Environment, Utilization, and Career Longevity. The findings of this study can inform future intervention research to improve the mental health and wellbeing of veterinary technicians. A focus on teaching team-based medicine, leadership skills, and conflict management in both veterinary and veterinary technician schools may help reduce team conflict. In addition, effectively utilizing veterinary technicians and increasing awareness of their value may help improve veterinary technician career satisfaction.
Sleep Pattern, Lifestyle Pattern, and Risks of Overall and 20 Types of Cancers: Findings From the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Zhao Yue-Ze , Zhang Wen-Li , Zhang Kai-Wen , He Yong-Qiao , Xue Wen-Qiong , Yang Da-Wei , Diao Hua , Xiao Ruo-Wen , Liao Ying , Wang Qiao-Ling , Jia Wei-Hua , Wang Tong-Min
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Sleep health and other lifestyle behaviours are gaining increasing attention in public health, particularly for cancer prevention, but a comprehensive assessment is lacking.

Methods

The study included 380,042 UK Biobank participants. A healthy sleep score was constructed based on five sleep factors: chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime dozing. A healthy lifestyle score was constructed based on four lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity. The effect of healthy sleep and lifestyle on cancer risk was examined by Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Both healthy sleep and lifestyle patterns were significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall cancer and specific cancer sites. Participants with healthy sleep and lifestyle patterns had a lower risk of overall cancer (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.68–0.77), liver cancer (HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31–0.90), bladder cancer (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.47–0.79), lung cancer (HR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.19–0.27), and colorectal cancer (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.96) compared to those with unhealthy patterns.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of public health education and interventions to improve sleep and other lifestyle behaviours for cancer prevention.
Disability and Migration Routes: An Explorative Analysis Among Refugees Hosted in Italy
Authors: Tofani Marco , Marceca Maurizio , Valente Donatella , Galeoto Giovanni , Ben Zina Mohamed Ali , Salhi Imène Soumaya , Elmadmad Khadija , Tak Tak Hind , Gosling Justine , Mishra Satish , Gazzaniga Valentina , Cilione Marco , Iorio Silvia
Published: January 2025

Objective

Data on disability in refugees is lacking, hindering effectiveness of humanitarian response. We investigated disability condition in refugees, identifying possible mechanisms that affect their health.

Methods

The Washington Group Short Set – Enhanced was used to identify people at risk experiencing disability. Data on migration routes were collected and the relationship with functioning limitations was explored.

Results

483 refugees (58.18% males - 41.82% female) were interviewed. 23.8% were found to have a disability, with a higher risk for those who travelled along the central Mediterranean route OR (95% CI) 2.08 (1.33–3.24). Affect domain represented the main weight for disability (28.16%), followed by mobility limitation (8.28%). People who travelled across the central Mediterranean route were found to have a high risk of developing anxiety problems OR (95% CI) 2.19 (1.33–3.6), while people who crossed the Balkan route had a higher risk of mobility limitation OR (95% CI) 3.03 (1.23–7.44).

Conclusion

This study provides the first available data on disability among refugees in Italy, revealing a high prevalence of disability and a significant association with migration routes. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted health and rehabilitation interventions to address the specific vulnerabilities of this population.
Cadaveric Training for Peripheral Neuropathy: Bridging Anatomy, Precision, and Surgical Proficiency
Authors: Arciniega Marcos , Gundupalli Prudhvi , Munson Alexandra , Nagy Laszlo
Published: January 2025

Background: Peripheral nerve surgeries require extensive practice to address anatomical variability and effectively manage neuropathy symptoms. While these procedures are increasingly performed by other surgical specialists, neurosurgeons bring unparalleled expertise in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Microscopic surgical techniques are essential for minimally invasive procedures, and cadaver-based education provides an invaluable medium for trainees to practice these techniques. However, few papers address these concepts in tandem. This study explores lesser-known peripheral nerve entrapments, highlights minimally invasive microscopic approaches, and advocates for cadaver-based training. Methods: Willed cadavers were embalmed through approved methods by the state anatomical board. For each decompression procedure, a 1–2 cm keyhole incision was made. Further methods are described in each nerve entrapment surgery below. Exploratory sessions with wider incisions were conducted either before or after the minimally invasive procedure to review anatomy or assess procedural success, respectively. Results: Neurosurgical medical education using cadavers allows trainees to practice techniques and enhance their skillset. Cadavers provide a valuable medium for exploring the relevant anatomy and visualizing the correct procedural steps after minimally invasive surgeries. Using microscopes for the procedures further facilitates detailed anatomical observation and technique refinement. Conclusions: Here, we show that cadaver-based medical education offers a realistic and controlled environment for exploring anatomical variability and refining surgical techniques. This method allows for a visual, mental, and tactile understanding, while performing minimally invasive procedures with a microscope on cadavers further enhances trainees’ proficiency, precision, and confidence, equipping them with the skills needed for improved surgical outcomes.
Biomechanics and Performance of Single-Leg Vertical and Horizontal Hop in Adolescents Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ciccodicola Eva M. , Hanson Alison M. , Roberts Shawn E. , Katzel Mia J. , Wren Tishya A. L.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Single-leg hops are used to determine return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Adult studies support the use of single-leg vertical hop (SLVH) due to higher power generation from knee extensors compared to single-leg horizontal hop (SLHH). Research in children is lacking. This study examines the differences between SLVH and SLHH in pediatric athletes post-ACLR. Methods: We retrospectively examined patients with ACLR who performed SLHH and SLVH on each limb while kinematics and kinetics were collected with a Vicon motion capture system. The limb symmetry index (LSI) for hop distance/height was used to classify the patients as asymmetric (LSI < 90%) or symmetric (LSI ≥ 90%). Biomechanics were compared between limbs and as a function of group using linear mixed models. Results: Among the 19 patients (15 female; age 16.3 years; 9.2 months post-surgery), approximately half were classified as asymmetric (10/19 = 53% for SLHH; 9/19 = 47% for SLVH). During SLHH, the symmetric patients’ uninjured limb produced less power and a shorter hop. During SLVH, the symmetric patients produced more power and hopped higher bilaterally. Regardless of symmetry, the reconstructed knee was offloaded (p ≤ 0.03) and contributed less to power absorption (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: SLVH height symmetry may be a better indicator of knee recovery than SHLH distance in pediatric athletes. However, knee offloading is common even when symmetry is achieved.
Clinical Benefit of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin and High Prevalence of Pre-Existing Psychiatric Conditions in Patients with Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Authors: Freire Andrea P. Espejo , Skubitz Keith M.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF) is a locally invasive tumor composed of myofibroblast-like cells and collagen; it does not metastasize but can cause significant local morbidity. Most sporadic cases are associated with mutations in the CTNNB1 gene, which encodes beta-catenin. Various treatments have been used with differing efficacy and toxicity profiles. At our institution, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has become the preferred treatment for patients with DTF. We aim to describe our experience using PLD in patients with DTF who require treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of 61 DTF patients (41 females, 20 males) treated between 2000 and 2023 was conducted to assess the efficacy and toxicity of PLD. Results: Of the 26 patients treated with PLD, 23 had follow-up clinical data to assess benefit. Twenty-one showed clinical benefit, and only one progressed. Two patients did not benefit from PLD due to infusion reactions and chose alternative therapies. The primary side effect of PLD was hand-foot syndrome (HFS), but dose reduction and extended intervals allowed most patients to tolerate treatment. Other treatments, such as methotrexate, vinblastine/vinorelbine, and sorafenib, also showed activity but had significant toxicities, including severe HFS, malaise, and hypertension. Interestingly, 31 out of 61 patients had a pre-existing history of psychiatric conditions (primarily depression and anxiety), and 6 of 41 women had personal or family history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Additionally, 15 patients had obesity, and 4 had hypothyroidism. Conclusions: PLD is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for DTF, with good clinical responses at lower, tolerable doses. The association of pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses, PCOS, and obesity warrants further investigation.
The Impact of Radiotherapy on the Primary Tumor in Patients with Metastatic High-Volume Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Skripai Antoni , Blumenfeld Philip , Krakow Aaron , Den Robert , Popovtzer Aron , Wygoda Marc , Falick Michaeli Tal
Published: January 2025

Background: Retrospective studies suggest that local radiotherapy on the prostate improves overall survival in the metastatic setting, but its benefit in patients with high-burden metastatic disease is still uncertain. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 100 high-metastatic-burden prostate cancer patients at Hadassah Ein Karem Medical Center from 2004 to 2021. Patients receiving local RT alongside standard treatment were compared to those receiving standard treatment alone. Prostate RT involved EBRT to the prostate/seminal vesicles with/without pelvic lymph nodes, delivering 54–60 Gy in up to 3 Gy fractions. The standard treatment used was ADT including or excluding chemotherapy. Subsequently, we performed 1:1 propensity score matching on 50 patients for further analysis. Results: The cohort had 100 patients split evenly between the RT and NRT groups. The RT group had higher Overall Survival than NRT (p < 0.046), remaining significant after Propensity Score Matching (PSM) (p < 0.034). Biochemical progression-free survival was also higher in RT vs. NRT (p < 0.033), maintaining significance after PSM (p < 0.042). RT patients reported longer symptom-free time vs. NRT (p < 0.017), though this difference did not persist post-PSM (p < 0.249). Post-PSM analysis showed higher loco-regional progression-free survival in the RT group vs. NRT (p < 0.049). Conclusions: Our study shows improved overall survival in the high-metastatic-burden group when adding RT to the standard treatment of choice, which persists after propensity score matching. The RT group in the entire cohort also demonstrated a reduction in progressing urinary symptoms and biochemical progression-free survival. These findings highlight radiotherapy’s potential as a viable treatment in these patients. However, prospective studies with comprehensive data collection are needed to fully address this topic.
Information Behaviour and Knowledge of Patients Before Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Hirtsiefer Christopher , Vogelgesang Anna , Falkenbach Fabian , Kafka Mona , Uhlig Annemarie , Nestler Tim , Aksoy Cem , Simunovic Iva , Huber Johannes , Heidegger Isabel , Graefen Markus , Leitsmann Marianne , Thomas Christian , Baunacke Martin
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy (RARP and ORP) are established procedures for localized prostate cancer, with comparable oncological and functional outcomes. Little is known about patients’ knowledge of both procedures. This study aimed to examine comparatively the informational behaviour and knowledge of patients undergoing ORP vs. RARP. Methods: This prospective, multicentre study included patients who underwent RARP or ORP prior to presurgery counselling. The questionnaires gathered information about patients’ information-seeking behaviours and their assessment of outcomes for RARP vs. ORP. We investigated risk factors for the misperception of procedure outcomes. Results: A total of 508 patients were included (307 RARP (60%); 201 ORP (40%)). The most common sources of information were outpatient urologists (84%), urologic departments (67%) and the internet (57%). Compared with ORP, RARP patients more often received the same amount of information about both procedures (60% vs. 40%, p < 0.001). Compared with ORP, RARP patients wrongfully considered their procedure to be superior in terms of oncological and functional outcomes. In the multivariable analysis, age > 66 years (OR 2.1, p = 0.02), no high school degree (OR 1.9, p = 0.04), unbalanced information search (OR 2.4, p = 0.02), RARP patient status (OR 8.9, p < 0.001), and treatment at a centre offering only one procedure (OR 3.5, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of misperception. Conclusions: RARP patients wrongfully considered their intervention to be oncologically and functionally more beneficial than ORP patients perceived it to be. This may be due to unbalanced sources of information. Urologists and surgical centres must address this misperception to enable patients to make informed decisions.
Stressful but Not Unhappy: A Review of the Positive Aspects of Parenting a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Curley Kenneth , Hughes Robert , Kotera Yasuhiro
Published: January 2025

This review aimed to identify and synthesise the evidence for the positive aspects of parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, ASD parental research has predominantly focused on the negative aspects; parents and carers are left uninformed of how to strengthen their positive mental wellbeing. Three electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science —were searched for literature reporting positive aspects of parenting a child with ASD, published between January 2013 and December 2023. The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used for reporting. Two hundred and fifty-four articles were retrieved from the databases. After title/abstract screening (n = 213) and full-text reviews (n = 32), six papers were included (n = 6). Sixteen positive aspects of parenting a child with ASD were identified and grouped into three themes: joyful moments, journey to resilience, and social connection. These three themes are eudaimonic wellbeing constructs and often under-represented in ASD parental studies. Focusing on joyful moments, building resilience through the parenting journey, and finding support and connection with others in similar situations can support the mental wellbeing of parents and carers of children with ASD. Future research is needed to further evaluate the positive aspects of parenting a child with ASD.
Resilience of Chlorella vulgaris to Simulated Atmospheric Gas Compositions of Mars, Jupiter, and Titan
Authors: Likai Ariela , Papazi Aikaterini , Kotzabasis Kiriakos
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the resilience of the unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris to extreme atmospheric conditions simulating those of Mars, Jupiter, and Titan. Using Earth as a control, experiments were conducted under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions to evaluate the organism’s photosynthetic efficiency, oxygen production, and biomass growth over 2, 5, and 12 days. Photosynthetic performance was analyzed through chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (JIP-test), metabolic activity via gas chromatography, and biomass accumulation measurements. Despite the extreme atmospheric compositions—ranging from the CO2-rich, low-pressure Martian atmosphere to the anoxic atmospheres of Jupiter and Titan—C. vulgaris demonstrated resilience and a functional photosynthetic apparatus, maintaining growth and oxygen production. Notably, the Martian atmosphere enhanced photosynthetic performance, with fluorescence curves and Fv/Fm ratios surpassing Earth-like conditions, likely due to elevated CO2 and low pressure. Under mixotrophic conditions, the addition of glucose further enhanced metabolic activity and biomass growth across all atmospheres. These findings highlight the potential of C. vulgaris for bioregenerative life support systems, enabling oxygen production, CO2 sequestration, and resource cultivation in extraterrestrial habitats. The study showcases the organism’s adaptability to extreme environments, with implications for astrobiology, space exploration, and sustainable extraterrestrial ecosystems. These findings expand habitability criteria and explore extremophiles’ potential to support life beyond Earth.
The Impact of Surgery Delay on Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zouzoulas Dimitrios , Tsolakidis Dimitrios , Sofianou Iliana , Karalis Tilemachos , Aristotelidis Michalis , Tzitzis Panagiotis , Deligeoroglou Evangelia , Topalidou Maria , Timotheadou Eleni , Grimbizis Grigoris
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Suspicious adnexal masses should be referred to gynecological oncology units. However, when surgery waiting lists are prolonged, these patients usually suffer from a delay in surgery. This could have a negative impact on their prognosis when the final diagnosis is ovarian cancer (OC). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of surgery delay on the oncological results of early-stage ovarian cancer patients. (2) Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of early-stage OC patients who underwent surgery in the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from 2012 to 2019. Time to surgery was defined as the time interval from the day of first examination to the day of surgery. (3) Results: A total of 72 patients were categorized into two groups, with a cut-off point of 5 weeks: 32 were treated ≤ 5 weeks (group A), and 40 > 5 weeks (group B). Concerning age, BMI or comorbidities, no differences were found between the two groups. Furthermore, no differences were presented in the post-operative complications rate, hospital stay, ICU admittance, or in disease-free (p = 0.48) and overall survival rates (p = 0.703). (4) Conclusions: Suspicious adnexal masses should undergo careful differential diagnosis to avoid delays in the “wait and see” period when the final diagnosis is positive for malignancy. However, the time to surgery for early-stage OC over 5 weeks seems to be relatively safe, with no impact on the mortality, morbidity, or recurrence rate.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Behavior of a Blood Clot Using Different Mechanical Properties of a Blood Vessel
Authors: Brusokas Mantas , Borodinas Sergejus , Jasevičius Raimondas
Published: January 2025

In this work, the behavior of a 3D blood clot located inside a vein under the influence of the mechanical effect of blood flow was analyzed. It has been observed that the mechanical properties of the blood vessel play an important role in the behavior of a blood clot. When the blood vessel changes its shape and/or diameter over time, the position and orientation of the clot in space and time is not constant, and consequently, it influences the blood flow. Moreover, the changed lumen of the blood vessel has a direct impact on the blood velocity, and thus the pressure is exerted not only on the blood vessel wall but also on the thrombus itself. Under these different conditions, it is important to understand the behavior of the blood clot, where each factor with a mechanical influence could potentially lead to clot detachment. Therefore, several variants of numerical simulations were analyzed, including models with different blood vessel properties, considering when the blood vessel wall has (flexible) or does not have (fixed) elastic properties. The results show the blood flow velocity, vessel wall, and blood clot deformations and/or stresses using different vessel wall rigidity levels as well as different blood clot viscoelasticity parameters.
Modelling the Transition from Shear-Driven Turbulence to Convective Turbulence in a Vertical Heated Pipe
Authors: Chu Shijun , Marensi Elena , Willis Ashley P.
Published: January 2025

Heated pipe flow is widely used in thermal engineering applications, but the presence of buoyancy force can cause intermittency, or multiple flow states at the same parameter values. Such changes in the flow lead to substantial changes in its heat transfer properties and thereby significant changes in the axial temperature gradient. We therefore introduce a model that features a time-dependent background axial temperature gradient, and consider two temperature boundary conditions—fixed temperature difference and fixed boundary heat flux. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are based on the pseudo-spectral framework, and good agreement is achieved between present numerical results and experimental results. The code extends Openpipeflow and is available at the website. The effect of the axially periodic domain on flow dynamics and heat transfer is examined, using pipes of length L=5D and L=25D. Provided that the flow is fully turbulent, results show close agreement for the mean flow and temperature profiles, and only slight differences in root-mean-square fluctuations. When the flow shows spatial intermittency, heat transfer tends to be overestimated using a short pipe, as shear turbulence fills the domain. This is particularly important when shear turbulence starts to be suppressed at intermediate buoyancy numbers. Finally, at such intermediate buoyancy numbers, we confirm that the decay of localised shear turbulence in the heated pipe flow follows a memoryless process, similar to that in isothermal flow. While isothermal flow then laminarises, convective turbulence in the heated flow can intermittently trigger bursts of shear-like turbulence.