bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A paternal bias in germline mutation is widespread in amniotes and can arise independently of cell division numbers
Authors: de Manuel Marc , Wu Felix L , Przeworski Molly
Published: August 2022

In humans and other mammals, germline mutations are more likely to arise in fathers than in mothers. Although this sex bias has long been attributed to DNA replication errors in spermatogenesis, recent evidence from humans points to the importance of mutagenic processes that do not depend on cell division, calling into question our understanding of this basic phenomenon. Here, we infer the ratio of paternal-to-maternal mutations, α, in 42 species of amniotes, from putatively neutral substitution rates of sex chromosomes and autosomes. Despite marked differences in gametogenesis, physiologies and environments across species, fathers consistently contribute more mutations than mothers in all the species examined, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. In mammals, α is as high as 4 and correlates with generation times; in birds and snakes, α appears more stable around 2. These observations are consistent with a simple model, in which mutations accrue at equal rates in both sexes during early development and at a higher rate in the male germline after sexual differentiation, with a conserved paternal-to-maternal ratio across species. Thus, α may reflect the relative contributions of two or more developmental phases to total germline mutations, and is expected to depend on generation time even if mutations do not track cell divisions.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. provides a rich molecular resource for research on coloration mechanism
Authors: Gao Zhu , Mao Jipeng , Chen Lu , Wang Xiaoling , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2022

Lupinus polyphyllus is rich in color, making it a well-known horticultural ornamental plant. However, little is known about the genes related to anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis in L. polyphyllus. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on eight different colors of L. polyphyllus. A total of 1.13 billion clean reads were obtained and assembled into 89,124 unigenes, which were then aligned with six databases, resulting in the identification of 54,823 annotated unigenes. Among these unigenes, 76 and 101 were involved in the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids and anthocyanins, respectively. In addition, 505 transcription factors were revealed, which belonged to the MYB, R2R3-MYB, NAC, bHLH, and WD40 families. A total of 6,700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by comparative transcriptome analysis. Among them, 17 candidate unigenes (four carotenoid genes, seven anthocyanin genes, and six TFs) were specifically up-regulated for one or more colors of L. polyphyllus. Eight representative candidate unigenes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The findings enrich the transcriptome database of lupine, and provide a rich molecular resource for research on the coloration mechanism of L. polyphyllus.
An Analysis on the Application of a Virtual Reality Program in the Basic Medicine Subject Class for Training of Students in Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Choi Hyo-Jeong , Roh Sang Gyun
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to enable severity classification according to symptoms and signs appealed by the emergency medical services based on the patient's anatomical structure in the field and to study the effective method of teaching anatomy classes required to apply first aid. Therefore, this study attempted to employ practice using virtual reality in anatomy classes, understand the learning effects, and provide basic data on the use of class media using virtual reality in order to improve the quality of anatomy classes in the future. As a result of the study, the theoretical understanding showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001), and class satisfaction was statistically significantly higher after applying virtual reality (p < 0.001). It is believed that if a virtual reality-based education program is applied to enhance the learning effect in anatomy classes, it will have an educational effect on students.
O quadro de pessoal do cargo de secretário-executivo de uma universidade pública federal
Authors: De Souza Stefani , De Souza Irineu Manoel , Geremias Leal Fernanda
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o quadro de pessoal do cargo de secretário-executivo adequado às necessidades da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), no contexto da gestão por competências. A pesquisa, de abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, contemplou a coleta de dados em documentos, questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados, obtidos a partir de análise de conteúdo, apontaram como oportuna a adoção de gestão por competências na Instituição, uma vez que ela desenvolvia o planejamento de pessoal a partir das demandas apresentadas pelas unidades. Os secretários-executivos devem ser alocados, prioritariamente, em unidades-chave, sendo relevante a ampliação do quantitativo do cargo. Diante dos achados e do que preconiza a gestão por competências, o estudo propõe ações para aprimorar a gestão dos secretários-executivos, sem deixar de considerar fatos como a vedação de concurso público e provimento do cargo e a criação de uma comissão de dimensionamento da força de trabalho na Instituição.
Secretários e gestão de documentos: estudo de caso no setor público brasileiro
Authors: Aparecida Oliveira Mônica , Cristina Ribeiro Silva Andréia , Leite Ribeiro Marciana
Published: August 2022

O profissional de secretariado é um gestor de documentos? Em caso positivo, como é feita esta gestão, e como ela pode ser otimizada? São questões que motivaram este estudo de caso realizado com 22 profissionais de secretariado de uma instituição pública da área de ciência e tecnologia. Utilizando-se do arcabouço da legislação arquivística brasileira, e de estudos sobre gestão documental, e sobre o secretariado e a gestão documental, o estudo investiga a gestão de documentos feita por secretários no curso de seus trabalhos em comissões. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a aplicação de um questionário, e a análise revelou que os profissionais reconhecem a importância da gestão de documentos para a preservação da memória documental. Os dados também demonstram o protagonismo dos secretários na gestão diária de documentos, no assessoramento documental às equipes, e na organização dos arquivos institucionais. Expõe-se, por outro lado, a vulnerabilidade desta gestão se não houver reposição de pessoal, revisão e otimização de procedimentos e capacitação de novos colaboradores. A pesquisa também evidencia que a atuação na gestão de documentos tem sido fator de referência do papel que secretários desempenham na instituição.
A espiritualidade no ambiente de trabalho e a atuação de secretários executivos
Authors: Thainá de Oliveira Peres Vandernayla , Do Céu de Sena Moura Maria , Thais da Silva Lima Elaine , Da Silva Santiago Cibelle
Published: August 2022

A Espiritualidade no Ambiente de Trabalho (EAT) reúne abordagens teóricas que discutem o reflexo da espiritualidade nas relações de trabalho e nas organizações. Nesse contexto, a espiritualidade é compreendida como uma conexão com algo que transcende ao sujeito, independente de aspectos religiosos. Diante da valorização das habilidades comportamentais pelas organizações, este estudo tem como objetivo central refletir sobre a influência da EAT na atuação dos Secretários Executivos de uma empresa privada, de atuação nacional no segmento jurídico. Trata-se de um levantamento de campo, com objetivo exploratório e abordagem quali-quantitativa, em que a coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário estruturado, construído e analisado a partir de categorias respaldadas pela EAT. A amostra contou com treze participantes, de diferentes regiões do país, que exercem funções de Secretário Executivo na organização pesquisada. Dentre os resultados, observa-se que a espiritualidade, na percepção do profissional de Secretariado Executivo, ainda não integra deliberadamente as práticas de gestão de pessoas da empresa, sob a égide da EAT. No entanto, os participantes reconhecem a relevância da temática e o seu impacto no desempenho profissional.
Adoção do teletrabalho em instituições de ensino durante a pandemia da covid-19
Authors: Luís Ramos Lopes Antônio , Lerch Lunardi Guilherme
Published: August 2022

Em virtude das orientações sanitárias decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19, muitas organizações se viram obrigadas a propiciar o distanciamento social para continuar as suas operações, destacando-se o teletrabalho como a principal alternativa. O serviço público federal e muito fortemente as universidades federais aderiram a esta modalidade, quase que de forma mandatória. Assim, buscou-se neste estudo analisar a adoção do teletrabalho em uma instituição pública de ensino superior na percepção dos seus técnicos administrativos. Realizou-se uma pesquisa survey, cujo questionário foi adaptado de Venkatesh et al. (2012), sendo disponibilizado de forma online a todos os servidores técnicos administrativos da universidade analisada. Os resultados apontaram a expectativa de esforço, as condições facilitadoras e a influência social como os aspectos mais bem avaliados pelos respondentes, seguidos pela expectativa de desempenho e satisfação do servidor com essa modalidade de trabalho. Quanto à aceitação de uso e sua intenção de continuidade de uso na instituição, ambas foram percebidas de forma positiva pelos respondentes. Identificou-se, ainda, que a aceitação de uso e a intenção de continuidade de uso do teletrabalho, mesmo após a pandemia, são influenciados especialmente pela satisfação do servidor com o teletrabalho (prazer em trabalhar nessa modalidade) e pela sua expectativa de desempenho (produtividade).
Redes de colaboração científica no Secretariado: uma análise entre os pesquisadores da ABPSEC
Authors: Schmidt Carla Maria , Daga Cielo Ivanete , Sanches-Canevesi Fernanda Cristina , Dos Reis Cruz Rúbia Wanessa
Published: August 2022

Os estudos de colaboração científica têm ganhado expressividade nas mais diferentes áreas do conhecimento, pois demonstram ser um importante componente para a sedimentação dos campos de pesquisa. Considerando a importância do fenômeno colaborativo para a área de Secretariado Executivo, esse trabalho objetivou: a) analisar a existência de uma rede de colaboração científica entre os pesquisadores associados à ABPSEC, no período de 2016 a 2020; b) compreender o comportamento dos pesquisadores e as características e propriedades dessa rede. Conduzida à luz da Teoria de Redes e Ações Coletivas, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, predominantemente exploratória, que utiliza do estudo de caso como método de coleta de dados e da cientometria como método de análise. O objeto de investigação foi constituído pela produção bibliográfica dos membros da ABPSEC, associados entre janeiro de 2020 a junho de 2021, considerando os trabalhos completos publicados em anais de eventos e os artigos publicados em periódicos nos últimos cinco anos (2016-2020). Após a análise final de 639 publicações, os resultados apontaram a existência de uma rede científica formada entre os membros da ABPSEC, com ênfase para os laços fortes e capitaneada por um núcleo de pesquisadores e instituições.
Effect of Stress on Heart Rate Variability in Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vageesh Vijaya Y , Bharath T
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Medical education can impose significant psychological stress on undergraduate students. A considerable degree of psychological morbidity has been reported among medical students ranging from stress, interpersonal problems, and suicidal ideation to psychiatric disorders and they tend to have greater psychological distress than the general population. Stress is one of the factors known to cause variation in heart rate variability. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a proven reliable non invasive marker of cardiovascular health and has been used in cardiovascular risk stratification. Aim: To study the effect of stress on heart rate variability in medical students. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India, from December 2017 to February 2018. Total 58 healthy first-year MBBS medical students aged between 18-25 years with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) were included in the study. The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ), a validated instrument to identify sources of stress in medical students was used to assess the level of stress. AD Instruments PowerLab (Data Acquisition System) was used to record the frequency and time domain analysis of HRV from the limb leads. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to assess the association between stress domains and HRV domains, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Most of the medical students had mild to moderate degrees of stress in all the domains of the MSSQ. There was no statistically significant (p-value>0.05) association found between domains of stress with the time and frequency domains of the HRV. Conclusion: Though it was found that medical students were exposed to significant stressors during their medical training, the stress was of mild to a moderate degree which had no significant effect on HRV.
Unmasking the Mask Issues among Healthcare Workers in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Gupta Neha , Gur Renu , Duggal Shalini Dewan , Dhamnetiya Deepak , Jha Ravi Prakash
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Recent pandemic have showed importance of adequate availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) most importantly the face mask and training of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) for its proper usage for protection from various infections to maintain smooth functioning of healthcare facility. Aim: To examine practices and barriers to compliance regarding face mask usage among HCWs. Materials and Methods: The present study was a crosssectional observational analytical study which was conducted at Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India, from 30th June, 2020 to 24th July, 2020 during Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data was collected through semi-structured bilingual online questionnaire using Google form based on recommendations for mask use by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data was recorded in MS Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Qualitative data was expressed in percentages and continuous data was summarised in mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Chi-square test was used to check the association between the categorical variables. Results: Total 362 HCWs submitted responses, of which 44.7% respondents wore N95 masks to protect themselves from COVID-19. Only 34.2% were satisfied with availability of masks in healthcare facility. Itching and sweating on part inside mask was major problem faced by 52.8% of respondents. Only 58% followed proper hand hygiene precautions while handling mask whereas 62.7% took proper measures while doffing. Conclusion: There appears to be a lack of awareness about proper hand hygiene while handling mask, appropriate precautions for reuse and doffing. Availability of mask also needs to be addressed. Regular trainings are needed to increase awareness, improve behaviour and practices regarding mask usage for prevention of occupational spread of infection among HCWs.
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in a Rural Tertiary Healthcare Institute of Haryana: A Record-based Descriptive Study
Authors: Majra Jai Pal , Verma Ramesh Kumar , Kumar Surinder
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Of all natural resources, water is one of the most essential and precious resources. It forms 70% of our body weight and acts as a necessary vehicle for all metabolic processes in the body. Water is exposed to various contaminants animal wastes, human wastes, etc. which affect the biological quality of water. So, water quality monitoring becomes an essential component for formulating measures and addressing the issues to safeguard public health. Aim: To assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in a rural tertiary healthcare institute in Haryana. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, record-based, retrospective study was conducted in Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women Khanpur, Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India (rural tertiary healthcare institute), from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. The water samples were collected, transported, and analysed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality assessment and the Indian Council Medical Research (ICMR). Incomplete records with respect to inadequate samples and reporting issue were excluded from the study. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: Out of a total of 422 tested water samples 244 (58%) were found satisfactory while 178 (42%) unsatisfactory i.e. unfit for human consumption. From March to mid-June (summer season) 56 (31%) and from mid-June to mid-September (rainy season) 74 (42%) of water samples were found unsatisfactory while, 63 (26%) water samples were observed fit for human consumption in mid-September to mid-December (postmonsoon season) and 76 (31%) in mid-December to February season (winter season). Seasonal variations were recorded for water quality reporting. Conclusion: Comprehensive planning and feasible approach are to be followed prior to hot weather and rainy season for the provision of safe and potable drinking water
Salmonella Infection, Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance in Diarrhoeic Dogs Presenting to Clinics in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Pilau N. N.
Published: August 2022

Salmonella is one of the most common food-borne bacteria incriminated in gastroenteritis in dogs. The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes raises spectre of intractable disease and constitute significant public health risk. Already, there are various reports of resistance to several antimicrobials by Salmonella isolates from canine patients. This study was therefore conceived to investigate for the first time in the studied region, Salmonella isolates circulating in canine population in Sokoto State, northwestern Nigeria. Presenting canine out-patients and those admitted for emergencies with overt clinical signs for salmonellosis were recruited for the study. Salmonella was isolated from blood and faecal samples using standard laboratory techniques as required by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The Gram stain, Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS agar), Brilliant Green Salmonella agar (BGSA) and finally the xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD) at specified temperatures and carbon dioxide adjustments were all applied on samples to isolate Salmonella as pure culture. The Kirby Bauer Disk diffusion method was used to test for antimicrobial resistance. Overall, a prevalence of 19.7% was recorded with pyrexia (18.5%) and diarrhea (13.7%) showing statistically significant (P<0.05) non-random association with Salmonella isolation in patients. The puppy age groups (from day one to five months) recorded prevalence of 31(21.2%) followed by middle-age dogs (6-months to a year) recording prevalence of 24(22.2%). Male dogs presented preponderance of cases compared to the females with prevalence of 48(76.1%). The Nigerian local dog was the highest in the number of cases with a statistically significant (P<0.05) prevalence of 23(36.5%), the German shepherd recorded isolation rate of 19(30.2%) that was also statistically significant (P<0.05). Various antimicrobials used recorded varying degree of resistance patterns when tested with isolates. A total of 19 isolates accounting for 43.2% were resistant to tetracycline, 15(35.7%) isolates recorded resistance for ceftriaxone, 13 isolates accounting for 38.2% presented resistance for metronidazole and 11(27.5%) recorded resistance for amoxicillin. Conversely, isolates were 100% susceptible to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. It is imperative for small animal clinicians, diagnosticians, researchers and public health policy makers to have credible time-tested data on resistance status of Salmonella isolates in dogs, as this is a roadmap to a healthy canine and human population.
Influence of Hatch Strategy on Crystallographic Texture Evolution, Mechanical Anisotropy of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fused S316L Steel
Authors: Bodner Sabine C. , Hlushko Kostyantin , Kutleša Kevin , Todt Juraj , Renk Oliver , Meindlhumer Michael , Resch Florian , Nielsen Marc-André , Keckes Jozef , Eckert Jürgen
Published: August 2022

The correlations between process conditions, microstructure, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured components are not fully understood yet. In this contribution, three different hatch strategies are used to fabricate rod‐like samples from S316L stainless steel, which are further investigated using synchrotron diffraction, optical microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicate the presence of ⟨110⟩ biaxial and fiber textures, whose sharpness depends on the applied hatch strategy. Mechanical tests reveal a strong correlation of the samples’ response to the observed anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the build direction. Even though the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of around 475 and 500 MPa, respectively, do not differ significantly, the stress–strain behavior can be correlated with the observed in‐plane anisotropy. Particularly, twinning‐induced plasticity, a distinct increase of the work hardening rate at larger strains and elliptical necking are observed in some samples with biaxial (Goss) texture. These findings indicate that texture design by means of applying dedicated hatch strategies can be used to effectively tune the multiaxial deformation behavior of components produced by laser powder bed fusion.
Bi12O17Cl2 with a Sextuple BiO Layer Composed of Rock‐Salt and Fluorite Units and its Structural Conversion through Fluorination to Enhance Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Kato Daichi , Tomita Osamu , Nelson Ryky , Kirsanova Maria A. , Dronskowski Richard , Suzuki Hajime , Zhong Chengchao , Tassel Cédric , Ishida Kohdai , Matsuzaki Yosuke , Brown Craig M. , Fujita Koji , Fujii Kotaro , Yashima Masatomo , Kobayashi Yoji , Saeki Akinori , Oikawa Itaru , Takamura Hitoshi , Abe Ryu , Kageyama Hiroshi , Gorelik Tatiana E. , Abakumov Artem M.
Published: August 2022

Layered bismuth oxyhalides with bilayered (Bi2O2) fluorite (FL) slabs are promising visible‐light photocatalysts because of their excellent stability and the ability to adjust band levels depending on the layers combined. It is interesting to manipulate the Bi2O2 slab itself, but only trilayered FL blocks (e.g., Bi3O4) are reported so far. Here, a structurally uncharacterized Bi12O17Cl2, which is extensively studied as a photocatalyst for a variety of reactions, has a sextuple Bi6O8.5 block separated by Cl is shown. Unlike double and triple layered cases, the inner region of the Bi6O8.5 block contains 1D rock‐salt (RS) units in the FL matrix along the a‐axis, causing in‐plane corrugation. A topochemical reaction involving anion‐exchange gives Bi12O17–0.5xFxCl2 (x ≤ 6) with alternate FL and RS slabs along the c‐axis. The elimination of the structural corrugation increases higher photo‐conductivity and improves photocatalytic activity against acetic acid decomposition under visible light irradiation. This study paves new opportunities of controlling the properties of layered bismuth oxyhalides by the thickness of Bi–O block, FL/RS configuration, and structural modulation.
Genetically Engineered Viral Vectors and Organic‐Based Non‐Viral Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Hajebi Sakineh , Yousefiasl Satar , Rahimmanesh Ilnaz , Dahim Alireza , Ahmadi Sepideh , Kadumudi Firoz Babu , Rahgozar Nikta , Amani Sanaz , Kumar Arun , Kamrani Ehsan , Rabiee Mohammad , Borzacchiello Assunta , Wang Xiangdong , Rabiee Navid , Dolatshahi‐Pirouz Alireza , Makvandi Pooyan
Published: August 2022

Conventional drug delivery systems are challenged by concerns related to systemic toxicity, repetitive doses, drug concentrations fluctuation, and adverse effects. Various drug delivery systems are developed to overcome these limitations. Nanomaterials are employed in a variety of biomedical applications such as therapeutics delivery, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering. Physiochemical nanoparticle assembly techniques involve the application of solvents and potentially harmful chemicals, commonly at high temperatures. Genetically engineered organisms have the potential to be used as promising candidates for greener, efficient, and more adaptable platforms for the synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials. Genetically engineered carriers are precisely designed and constructed in shape and size, enabling precise control over drug attachment sites. The high accuracy of these novel advanced materials, biocompatibility, and stimuli‐responsiveness, elucidate their emerging application in controlled drug delivery. The current article represents the research progress in developing various genetically engineered carriers. Organic‐based nanoparticles including cellulose, collagen, silk‐like polymers, elastin‐like protein, silk‐elastin‐like protein, and inorganic‐based nanoparticles are discussed in detail. Afterward, viral‐based carriers are classified, and their potential for targeted therapeutics delivery is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of these delivery systems are concluded.
Determination of Crystallographic Orientation and Exposed Facets of Titanium Oxide Nanocrystals
Authors: Qu Jiangshan , Wang Yueshuai , Mu Xulin , Hu Jingcong , Zeng Bin , Lu Yue , Sui Manling , Li Rengui , Li Can
Published: August 2022

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals have attracted great attention in heterogeneous photocatalysis and photoelectricity fields for decades. However, contradicting conclusions on the crystallographic orientation and exposed facets of TiO2 nanocrystals frequently appear in the literature. Herein, using anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with highly exposed {001} facets as a model, the misleading conclusions that exist on anatase nanocrystals are clarified. Although TiO2‐001 nanocrystals are recognized to be dominated by {001} facets, in fact, anatase nanocrystals with both dominant {001} and {111} facets always co‐exist due to the similarities in the lattice fringes and intersection angles between the two types of facets (0.38 nm and 90° in the [001] direction, 0.35 nm and 82° in the [111] direction). A paradigm for determining the crystallographic orientation and exposed facets based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, which provides a universal methodology to nanomaterials for determining the orientation and exposed facets, is also given.
Challenging Bendable Organic Single Crystal and Transistor Arrays with High Mobility and Durability toward Flexible Electronics
Authors: Fu Beibei , Yang Fangxu , Sun Lingjie , Zhao Qiang , Ji Deyang , Sun Yajing , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping
Published: August 2022

Bendable organic single crystals are promising candidates for flexible electronics owing to their superior charge‐transport properties. However, large‐area high‐quality organic single crystals are rarely available on the polymer substrates generally used in flexible electronics. Here, a surface‐assisted assembly strategy based on a polymer modification, poly(amic acid) (PAA), is developed to grow large‐area organic singe crystals on polymer substrates using a simple drop‐casting method. The unique surface properties of PAA that enable molecular solution superwetting and promote molecular ordered assembly produce an extraordinary self‐driven “meniscus‐guided coating” behavior, enabling the fabrication of millimeter‐sized, highly aligned organic single crystals for a variety of organic semiconductors. Organic field‐effect transistors based on a mode molecule of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene demonstrate the highest (average) mobility of 18.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 (15.9 cm2 V−1 s−1), attractively low operating voltage of −3 V, and high flexible durability. The results shed light on the large‐area fabrication of organic single crystals on polymer dielectrics toward high‐performance and integrated plastic electronics.
Study of trailing vortices and impeller jet instabilities of a flat blade impeller in small‐scale reactors
Authors: Charalambidou Artemis‐Danae , Micheletti Martina , Ducci Andrea
Published: August 2022

The design of economically feasible and profitable production processes has driven companies toward integrated continuous manufacturing by reducing working volumes and increasing operating frequencies. Thus, the development of robust small‐scale devices capable of multivariate process optimization is essential. The aim of this work is to characterize the flow developed in a ml‐scale stirred tank operating at intermediate 𝑅𝑒 ~3732, and assess trailing vortex stability with respect to baffle presence and size. Velocity characteristics are computed via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated experimentally for an unbaffled (UB) and two baffled configurations. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to extract dominant spatial–temporal flow features affecting the underlying flow patterns. Results show very good agreement between simulations and experiments, while POD analysis revealed the existence of highly energetic and periodic modes, linked to interactions between impeller jet and reactor walls. These modes are responsible for an impeller jet instability, which is amplified by the presence and size of baffles.
Distributive and collaborative push‐and‐pull in an artificial microbial consortium for improved consolidated bioprocessing
Authors: Fang Hao , Deng Yuntao , Pan Yingjie , Li Chaofeng , Yu Liang
Published: August 2022

The consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulose by the synthetic microbial consortium of Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a promising way of biomanufacturing d‐glucaric acid. However, the hindrance factor to its industrial application is the low efficiency. Therefore, we engineered T. reesei and S. cerevisiae to improve the CBP for d‐glucaric acid production. T. reesei was engineered to produce more cellulase and release more fermentable sugars from lignocellulose, that is, pushing more sugars to S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae was engineered to metabolize cellobiose and siphon more sugars into d‐glucaric acid biosynthetic pathway, that is, pulling more sugars to S. cerevisiae. This is the strategy of distributive and collaborative push‐and‐pull we developed and proposed in this work, which was proven successful in improving efficiencies of the CBPs of steam‐exploded corn stover (SECS) for d‐glucaric acid production and distiller's grains for single cell protein (SCP) production. The titer, yield and productivity of d‐glucaric acid produced from 50 g/L SECS by the microbial consortium of T. reesei C10 and S. cerevisiae LGA‐1C3S2 were 6.42 g/L, 0.128 g/g SECS, and 0.917 g/L/d, respectively. The titer, yield, and productivity of SCP produced from 80 g/L distiller's grains were 50.5 g/L, 0.631 g/g distiller's grains, and 8.417 g/L/d, respectively. These were much higher than the initial microbial consortia of T. reesei Rut‐C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA‐1 or INVSc1. The results confirmed the applicability and generalizability of distributive and collaborative push‐and‐pull, which has profound meaning for science and engineering.
“Don't let anybody ever put you down culturally…. it's not good…”: Creating spaces for Blak women's healing
Authors: Balla Paola , Jackson Karen , Quayle Amy F , Sonn Christopher C , Price Rowena K
Published: August 2022

Research has highlighted the importance of Indigenous knowledge and cultural practice in healing from ongoing histories of trauma, dispossession, and displacement for Indigenous peoples in Australia and elsewhere. Connection with culture, Country, and kinship has been identified as protective factors for Aboriginal social and emotional well‐being and as facilitating cultural healing. This paper draws on stories mediated through cultural practice specifically, Wayapa and bush‐dyeing workshops, to explore how women resignified experiences and engaged in “healing work.” Our collaborative analysis of the stories shared resulted in three main themes that capture dialogs about the need for culturally safe spaces, vulnerability and identity, and culture, Country, and place. Centering Aboriginal knowledge, our analysis shows the meanings of Country, spirituality, and the coconstitution of people, culture, and the natural environment. Through Indigenous cultural practice, the women “grew strength in relationship” as they engaged in the psychosocial processes of deconstruction, reclamation, and renarrating personal and cultural identities.
Toward Sustainable Photo‐/Electrocatalytic Carboxylation of Organic Substrates with CO2
Authors: Nandi Shantanu , Jana Ranjan
Published: August 2022

Historically, carbon dioxide found many applications in organic chemistry from reaction medium e. g., super critical carbon dioxide (scCO2) or CO2‐expanded liquid (CXL) system; extraction (natural products), separation (supercritical fluid chromatography); chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective transformation via the formation of transient intermediates i. e., carbonate, carbamate etc. Recently, researchers have exploited CO2 as an inexpensive, renewable and non‐toxic C1 feedstock for carboxylation and carbonylation reactions. However, owing to its inherent kinetic and thermodynamic stability, most of the transformations require high temperatures, high pressure, and stoichiometric amounts of organometallic reductants that leads to accidental and environmental hazards. Inspired by the natural processes, photo‐ and electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into value‐added products has emerged as a benign and practical approach in organic synthesis. Here in this review, we will discuss some recent photo‐ and electrocatalytic methods and their comparison toward sustainable development.
Design and Synthesis of Fluoro‐containing Hypervalent Iodane (III) Reagents for Visible‐light‐triggered Cyclization of Alkynoates to 3‐Fluoroalkylated Coumarins
Authors: Zhou Ningning , Wang Kun , Zhao Tingting , Liu Ruiyue , Rui Mingyang , Zhao Xia , Feng Jiaxu , Lu Kui
Published: August 2022

A series of novel fluoro‐containing hypervalent iodane (III) reagents was designed and synthesized. By employing these novel hypervalent iodane (III) reagents, an efficient visible‐light‐triggered radical cyclization of alkynoates to diversely 3‐fluoroalkylated coumarins was developed under metal free condition. It provided an alternative and environmental friendly approach for the installation of 3‐fluoroalkyl motif into synthetically valuable building block coumarins.
Novel score for predicting early emergency endovascular therapy in trauma care using logistic LASSO regression
Authors: Yokoyama Taro , Nakahara Shinji , Kondo Hiroshi , Miyake Yasufumi , Sakamoto Tetsuya
Published: August 2022

Aim

To support decision‐making for early interventional radiology, this study aimed to derive and validate a novel and simple scoring system for predicting the necessity of interventional radiology therapies in trauma patients.

Methods

This retrospective study used data derived from the medical records of patients with severe traumatic injuries treated at a tertiary‐level emergency institution. The score was derived from 168 patients treated between April 2015 and October 2016 and validated using data from 68 patients treated between November 2016 and July 2017. Logistic “least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)” regression was used to select predictors. In order to compose the score, odds ratios derived from the logistic model were simplified to integer score coefficients. The score was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The best cut‐off point for the score was determined using Youden’s index, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results

The derived score comprised three predictors (systolic blood pressure, positive findings in abdominal ultrasound assessment, and pelvic fracture) and ranged from 0 to 30. On validation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the score was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.00). The sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 89%, respectively, with a cut‐off point of 3.

Conclusion

This simple score, requiring variables obtainable immediately after hospital arrival, could aid in facilitating early interventional radiology team activation.
Super‐Coordinated Nickel N4Ni1O2Site Single‐Atom Catalyst for Selective H2O2Electrosynthesis at High Current Densities
Authors: Xiao Chuqian , Cheng Ling , Zhu Yihua , Wang Gengchao , Chen Luyang , Wang Yating , Chen Rongzhen , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong
Published: August 2022

Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from O2on single‐atom catalysts has attracted great attention, yet the quest for robust catalysts is driven by achieving >90 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) under industrial‐relevant current densities (>100 mA cm−2). Herein we synthesize a catalyst that contains single nickel site coordinated by four nitrogen and two oxygen atoms (i.e., N4Ni1O2) via involving carboxyl functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes as a substrate to provide extra O coordination to the regular NiN4site. It has a cathodic energy efficiency of approximately 82 % and a H2O2FE of around 96 % at 200 mA cm−2current density, outperforming the reported single‐atom catalysts for H2O2electrosynthesis.
Diastereoselective, Catalytic Access to Cross‐Aldol Products Directly from Esters and Lactones
Authors: Moreno González Adrián , Nicholson Kieran , Llopis Natalia , Nichol Gary S. , Langer Thomas , Baeza Alejandro , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: August 2022

High oxidation‐state carbonyl coupling partners including esters and lactones were reacted with enones to give aldol‐type products directly using two‐fold organoborane catalysis. This new retrosynthetic disconnection to aldol‐type products is compatible with enolisable coupling partners, without self‐condensation, and couples the high reactivity of secondary dialkylboranes with the stability of pinacolboronic esters. Excellent chemoselectivity, substrate scope (including those containing reducible functionalities and free alcohols) and diastereocontrol were achieved to access both the syn‐ and anti‐aldol‐type products. Mechanistic studies confirmed the two‐fold catalytic role of the single secondary borane catalyst for boron enolate formation and formation of an aldehyde surrogate from the ester or lactone coupling partner.
Peri‐operative refractory anaphylactic shock during hepatic hydatid cyst surgery
Authors: Gundappa P. , Prakash D. , Palankar N. , Karanth S.
Published: August 2022

Serious intra‐operative anaphylactic shock is an unusual complication. Identification of causative agents can be difficult due to the number of anaesthetic drugs administered in quick succession, many of which can potentially cause anaphylaxis. Most anaphylactic reactions respond to, and resolve with, adrenaline and steroids. However, they can be prolonged and life‐threatening. Refractory anaphylaxis, unresponsive to repeated doses of adrenaline, is rare and associated with a high risk of mortality. Rupture of a hydatid cyst during surgery can cause anaphylaxis. Here, we present a rare case of refractory anaphylactic shock during surgical resection of a hepatic hydatid cyst, with severe haemodynamic instability requiring prolonged postoperative ventilation and triple inotropic support for seven days in the intensive care unit. We describe the management of this condition, primarily based on steroid therapy and escalating vasopressor support, particularly where limited response to adrenaline is encountered. Refractory anaphylaxis is a rare but life‐threatening complication of hydatid cyst surgery. Therefore, anaphylactic reactions should always be anticipated, with the appropriate treatment and facilities readily available.
Synthesis and property study of novel maleimide‐cardanol based modifiers for epoxy resins
Authors: Chen Mengyu , Liu Licheng , Wang Gang , Liu Zhuoyu , Yu Yingfeng
Published: August 2022

The biomass‐based chemicals from renewable resources are countermeasures to ease the problem of fossil fuel shortage. This work is to develop a biobased functional reactive modifier for thermosetting epoxy resins appropriate for excellent overall performance. The novel maleimide‐cardanol modifiers (CA‐HPM) is synthesized from natural extract cardanol (CA) and N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) maleimide (HPM), which is then mixed with phenolic epoxy resin and linear phenolic novolac resin systems. CA‐HPM plays a versatile role in tuning the comprehensive properties of epoxy such as thermal property, adhesive property, and thermo‐mechanical property. Systems with CA‐HPM show slightly lower curing activity and distinct decreased single glass transition temperature (Tg). Besides, the crosslinking density of the cured resin increases, meanwhile the thermal stability keeps at high level, which is due to the rigid five‐membered ring structure of maleimide. Metal lap shear test results manifest that the adhesion between epoxy resin and metal interface augments. With 10% CA‐1HPM, the cured resin exhibits lower equilibrium water sorption (1.88%) and diffusion coefficient (2.94 × 10−8 s−1 cm2). This biobased functional reactive modifier has provided balanced overall performance and would pave the way to a wide range of possible “eco‐friendly” applications.
Structure, properties, and in vitro degradation behavior of biodegradable poly(L‐lactic acid)‐trimethylene carbonate‐glycolide terpolymer
Authors: Xia Qi , Ye Wuyou , Zhang Qin , Liu Dongyang , Gao Shida , Fan Zhongyong , Liu Qing
Published: August 2022

For biodegradable medical implants, it is critical to match the degradation rate of the material with the lesion healing rate of the tissue defect. Here, we report the synthesis of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA)‐trimethylene carbonate (TMC)‐glycolide (GA) terpolymers with various monomer feeding ratios of L‐lactide, TMC, and GA. The terpolymers were prepared through ring‐opening polymerization with the purpose to improve degradation and mechanical properties of the terpolymers for biomedical applications. The influence of various GA contents in PLLA‐TMC‐GA terpolymers on the chain structure and their in vitro degradation performances were evaluated by using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and tensile tests. Compared with pure PLLA, the degradation rate of terpolymers increased with the increase of GA content, because GA segments, which have a faster hydrolysis rate, not only effectively disrupt the regularity of LLA segment, but also increase the probability of chains scission during the degradation process. In a 28‐week long degradation study, the mass loss of PLLA‐TMC‐GA terpolymers was about 36%, which is a faster rate than reported for pure PLLA. Therefore, it is possible to tailor the copolymer chain structures by varying the ratio of GA in the terpolymer to balance its degradation rate with body's lesion healing rate.
Synthesis, Structure and Studies of Meso‐Triaryl 22‐Oxabenzonorroles
Authors: Grover Vratta , Pushpanandan Poornenth , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: August 2022

The first examples of meso‐triaryl 22‐oxabenzonorroles were synthesized in 18–21% yields by oxidation of appropriate meso‐triaryl oxabenzobilane. The key precursors, the meso‐triaryl oxabenzobilanes were synthesized readily by treating 16‐oxatripyrrane with (1H‐indol‐3‐yl)(p‐tolyl)methanol under acid catalyzed conditions. The meso‐triaryl 22‐oxabenzonorroles were obtained in free base form by following our simple straight‐forward synthetic strategy. The X‐ray structure obtained for meso‐tritolyl 22‐oxabenzonorroles revealed that the indole ring was deviated by an angle of 41.27° from the mean plane. The NMR studies supported the presence of diatropic ring current effect as inner NH and CH protons were observed in the upfield region. The absorption spectra of 22‐oxabenzonorroles exhibited one strong Soret band and four weak Q‐bands. The electrochemical studies revealed that the macrocycles are electron rich and undergo easier oxidations. The DFT and TD‐DFT studies were in agreement with the experimental observations and NICS and HOMA values supports the aromatic nature of meso‐triaryl oxabenzonorroles.
Sulfur quantum dots as a novel platform to design a sensitive chemiluminescence probe and its application for Pb2+ detection
Authors: Mojarrad Sima , Naseri Abdolhossein , Hallaj Tooba
Published: August 2022

The monitoring of Pb as a hazardous heavy metal element for the environment and human health is of high importance. In this study, a simple and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) probe based on sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) was designed for the determination of Pb2+. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the analytical application of the CL method based on SQDs. For this purpose, SQDs were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Then, the direct CL of SQDs elicited by common oxidants was investigated. The highest CL intensity was observed for the SQDs–KMnO4 reaction, and its CL mechanism was studied. We indicated that the CL intensity of introduced system can be diminished as a result of the interaction between Pb2+ and SQDs, and exploited this fact for designing a CL‐based probe for the determination of Pb2+. The CL intensity of the SQDs–KMnO4 reaction was linearly quenched using Pb2+ in the range 50–2000 nM with a limit of detection of 16 nM (S/N = 3). The probe was used for the determination of Pb2+ in different water samples and the recovery results (95.2–102.8%) indicated the good analytical performance of the developed method.
Quantification of 3‐bromopyruvate in rat plasma by HPLC–MS/MS employing precolumn derivatization and the application to a pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Qi , Huang Hesong , Qiu Mingliang , Hu Lvjiang , Zhao Xiaojuan , Xu Chuanxi , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Chenlei , Zhan Yang , Sun Yongbing
Published: August 2022

A simple high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of 3‐bromopyruvate (3‐BrPA) in rat plasma for the first time. The analytes were separated on a C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) and a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization source was applied for detection. 3‐BrPA was extracted from rat plasma with protein precipitation, and then derivatized with 4‐nitro‐1,2‐phenylenediamine to obtain the mass signal because 3‐BrPA could not be detected in mass spectrometry. The method was fully validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidance. The method was linear over the concentration range 0.5–1,000.0 ng/ml for 3‐BrPA. The precision and accuracy, extraction recovery, and matrix effect were within acceptable limits. The method was then applied to support a pharmacokinetic study after 3‐BrPA and 3‐BrPA‐l‐Val‐l‐Ile (a dipeptide prodrug of 3‐BrPA, 3‐BrPA‐l‐Valine‐l‐isoleucine) had been administered to the Sprague–Dawley rats, respectively.
A rare presentation of lung squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to the distal phalanx of the little finger: a case report
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Zhou Yinan , Yang Dawei , Yang Fan
Published: August 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Early detection is the most important factor that affects the prognosis of lung cancer patients. The distal phalanx is a highly unusual metastatic site of lung cancer, and is often misdiagnosed, especially when accompanied by trauma. Herein, we present the case of a 68‐year‐old male patient who injured his right little finger. We hope this rare case will help clinicians to better diagnosis acral metastases of lung cancer to prolong patient survival.