bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
María Martos y Julio Neira (coords.), Identidad autorial femenina y comunicación epistolar, Madrid, editorial UNED, 2018. Reseña.
Authors: Cimardi Ambra
Published: January 2020

Reseña de la obra: María Martos y Julio Neira (coords.), Identidad autorial femenina y comunicación epistolar. Madrid: UNED, 2018.
Testimonio y compromiso: una visión diferencial en la literatura española contemporánea. Presentación de la editora del monográfico
Authors: Vilches-de Frutos Francisca
Published: January 2020

Testimonio y compromiso van unidos en el discurso literario de las escritoras tratadas en este volumen por distintos/as especialistas: Lucía Sánchez Saornil (1895-1970), Federica Montseny (1905-1994), Dolores Medio (1911-1996), María Dolores Boixadós (1917-2008), Marta Sanz (1967), Angélica Liddell (1968), Llucía Ramis (1977), Elvira Navarro (1978) y Lola Blasco (1983). El análisis de las obras de estas creadoras, nacidas en distintos períodos de la historia reciente de España, permite conocer los términos del testimonio y el compromiso con los que el discurso literario ha contribuido al cambio social y a la defensa de una sociedad más justa e igualitaria, una visión que adquiere sin duda un carácter diferencial al ofrecerse desde la perspectiva de unas mujeres imbricadas en la esfera pública.
Rebeca Sanmartín Bastida y María Victoria Curto Hernández, El "Libro de la oración" de María de Santo Domingo. Estudio y Edición, Madrid: Iberoamericana-Vervuert, Medievalia Hispanica, 2019. Reseña.
Authors: Cortés Timoner María Mar
Published: January 2020

Reseña de El “Libro de la oración” de María de Santo Domingo. Estudio y Edición, Madrid: Iberoamericana-Vervuert, Medievalia Hispanica, 2019.
A avaliação da aprendizagem no contexto da sociedade tecnológica
Authors: Rosa Mauricio Bueno da
Published: January 2020

Com este artigo objetivamos sistematizar as contribuições da teoria concernente à avaliação escolar nas suas várias correntes e influências da tecnologia da informação, tendo em vista um aprofundamento teórico no conhecimento do tema. Com isso avançamos na compreensão de situações concretas de sala de aula, os procedimentos de avaliação, seu lugar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, suas relações com o todo social e suas implicações sobre o rendimento escolar e formação da personalidade no contexto dos avanços tecnológicos. Esse cenário contribui para a investigação de elementos teóricos para repensar o processo de avaliação na escola, nos seus objetivos, funções e procedimentos e reposicionar seu lugar no processo de ensino e no processo educativo como um todo, tendo em vista uma escola democrática, voltada para as tarefas de transformação da sociedade brasileira.
Rural depopulation and income convergence
Authors: San Juan Mesonada Carlos , Sunyer Manteiga Carlos
Published: January 2020

Panel data models are estimated to highlight the income-gap as a driver of individual decisions to migrate. This procedure allows to testing the hypothesis that the per capita income-gap of rural spaces along with the employment rate and aging explain the fall in the population of rural villages and the concentration of population in functional urban areas (FUA). First, using panel data models, the links between rural depopulation and the income-gap are estimated with data at the municipal level. Second, the effects of the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) on the convergence of income levels for rural inhabitants are evaluated.
Situación productiva reciente de las explotaciones con bovino en España: el caso de la Cornisa Cantábrica
Authors: García-Suárez Elena , García-Arias Ana Isabel , Vázquez-González Ibán
Published: January 2020

This study characterizes, from a productive and socioeconomic point of view, the cattle farms in Cantabrian Cornice and Spain, besides analyzing recent evolution of the main adjustment indicators between 2007 and 2016. In doing so, we have analyzed the main agricultural magnitudes, relative to the number of farms, land, livestock, labor and economic value of production. The results obtained show a territorial concentration, specialization and productive concentration of the cattle, together with an advance of the structural adjustment process.
Dix ans après Bouchard-Taylor : l’interculturalisme en question
Authors: Benessaieh Afef
Published: January 2020

Plus de dix ans après le dépôt du rapport de la Commission Bouchard- Taylor (2008) qui précisait notamment les éléments essentiels de l’interculturalisme comme perspective spécifiquement québécoise, les débats publics opposant le fait identitaire au fait diversitaire demeurent très vifs. Visant principalement à mieux codifier le vivre ensemble d’une façon compatible avec la diversité ethnoculturelle, la récente Loi 62 du gouvernement libéral sur la neutralité religieuse de l’État s’inscrit dans ce contexte. Elle se présente comme une réponse législative directe aux travaux de la Commission; cependant, elle est encore plus directement, et de façon bien plus polémique, affiliée à tout autre chose : le Projet de loi 60 (ou « Charte des valeurs ») du Parti québécois. Elle en reproduit en effet une partie significative, bien que pâlie. Ce qui nous amène à suggérer dans ce qui suit que, malgré les dissensions apparentes entre les principaux partis au Québec, une sorte de ligne de continuité discursive semble se dégager, l’interculturalisme étant surtout posé comme la défense du « nous » (identitaire) contre « les autres » (issus de la diversité).
De manière singulière et d'usage inclusif. Représentations sociales, Transport collectif et interrelations entre handicap, territoire et environnement1
Authors: Boucher Normand , Dumont Israël , Fougeyrollas Patrick , Beauregard Line , Lachapelle Yves , Gascon Hubert , Caillouette Jacques
Published: January 2020

Cet article explore les représentations sociales à l’égard des usagers ayant des différences, fonctionnelles ou non, de « l’environnement » et du « territoire » des différents acteurs que sont les usagers du transport en commun et les chauffeurs de bus. L’analyse de ce matériau riche et complexe, provenant d’entrevues, lève le voile sur les significations de ces notions pour les participants mais aussi sur l’existence de représentations sociales variant selon différents sous-groupes. Ces résultats vont enfin permettre d’identifier les enjeux qui sont liés au développement d’un transport collectif inclusif sur le territoire de la Ville de Québec.
Afro-americanos, linchamientos y memoria: Equal Justice Initiative Project o el terrible don de la compasión
Authors: Laqueur Thomas W.
Published: January 2020

Primo Levi en The Drowned and the Saved sugiere que el estar presente ante nosotros es lo que hace posible que sintamos lástima por un “co-humano” y actuemos de acuerdo con nuestros sentimientos. Nos preocupamos por los demás en relación inversa a la distancia que nos separa de ellos. Por lo que respecta a los muertos, situados al otro lado de un abismo en apariencia insalvable, se encuentran inconmensurablemente más lejos de nosotros que incluso el más distante de los vivos. Es el arte —en su significado más amplio— lo que nos enseña a sentir por ellos y lo que genera un relato en el que sus cuerpos y huesos importan. Es el arte lo que hace que los muertos vivan de nuevo de maneras importantes dentro de la cultura. Este artículo toma como caso de estudio el nuevo National Lynching Memorial en Montgomery Alabama.
El Teatro de la Muerte de Tadeusz Kantor como espejo del siglo XX
Authors: Nawrot Julia
Published: January 2020

El Teatro de la Muerte fue la última etapa de creación de Tadeusz Kantor, desde el inicio marcada por el interés de los muertos. En los cinco espectáculos, que se estrenaron desde 1975 hasta 1991, se pueden trazar los grandes hitos del siglo XX: en el escenario aparecen los soldados, sus generales, pero también las víctimas de los trágicos acontecimientos de las dos guerras mundiales. Todo ello a través de la mirada personal de Kantor, que convierte su pueblo natal, Wielopole Skrzy?skie, en la alegoría de Europa expuesta a continuos conflictos.
Los muertos escribieron su relato: postmemoria y metaficción en la Europa del siglo XXI
Authors: Martín Martín Juan Manuel
Published: January 2020

Tanto en España como en Alemania el discurso público oficial se ha debatido entre el recuerdo de las víctimas y un necesario olvido con la vista puesta en el futuro. La literatura ha asumido en general la responsabilidad de mantener viva la memoria de los muertos que la traumática historia del siglo xx dejó en Europa. Las obras de Alberto Méndez y Michel Bergmann reflejan ese pasado en el marco de una “postmemoria” propia de los descendientes de la generación de los testigos. La fuerza del testimonio de estos se incorpora a los textos Manuscrito encontrado en el olvido (2004) y Weinhebers Koffer (2015) a través de la metaficción, convertida en un recurso que permite dotar de voz a los muertos.
Cómo los corpus pueden asistir a los estudiantes de traducción jurídica: la plataforma GENTT TransTools Corpora y Sketch Engine
Authors: Borja Albi Anabel
Published: January 2020

Esta aportación analiza la aplicación de corpus a la enseñanza de la traducción jurídica en la educación superior utilizando la plataforma GENTT TransTools Corpora y Sketch Engine. En primer lugar, revisaremos la bibliografía sobre experiencias previas de aplicación de corpus textuales a la enseñanza de la traducción jurídica. A continuación, describiremos la experiencia de 10 años del grupo GENTT en el aula de traducción especializada, en la que hemos aplicado una metodología basada corpus y dirigida a promover la formación guiada y el aprendizaje constructivo y cooperativo. Estas experiencias sugieren que los corpus monolingües, multilingües y traducidos de textos especializados constituyen una herramienta docente muy eficaz para los estudiantes de traducción, ya que les proporcionan modelos y patrones textuales que pueden ser utilizados como referencia textual, conceptual, lingüística y terminológica.
Los corpus paralelos bilingües como herramienta metodológica en traducción: análisis de la competencia traductora de los estudiantes en el corpus UCMA-MUST (inglés-español)
Authors: Braga Riera Jorge , Maroto García María de la Nava
Published: January 2020

El proyecto MUST (MUltilingual Student Translation) (Granger y Lefer, 2018: 72) tiene como objetivo compilar un corpus paralelo multilingüe de traducciones realizadas por estudiantes sin experiencia en el campo de la traducción. En el marco de este proyecto, el equipo UCMA (de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid) aporta un subcorpus bilingüe de textos especializados traducidos por estudiantes en los ámbitos audiovisual y de las humanidades, entre otros. Teniendo en cuenta las cinco subcompetencias propias de la adquisición de la competencia traductora (lingüística, extralingüística, de transferencia, profesional, psicofisiológica y estratégica [PACTE, 2001 y 2003]), este estudio persigue detectar las debilidades y fortalezas presentes en las tareas de traducción inglés-castellano de los estudiantes. Para ilustrarlas, se ha utilizado el sistema de anotación TAS propuesto por Granger y Lefer (2018) y Granger, Lefer y Penha Marion (2018), junto con una muestra de textos humanísticos a cargo de traductores en formación universitaria (postgrado) que se encuentran almacenados en el corpus UCMA.
Propuesta de elaboración de un glosario bilingüe (español-francés) en línea de términos arquitectónicos
Authors: López Santiago Mercedes
Published: January 2020

En estas páginas se expone cómo constituir un glosario técnico (español-francés) en línea de términos sobre arquitectura flotante. A partir de un corpus de documentos, en francés y en español, publicados en Internet, se procederá a la localización y reunión de términos específicos de este campo en cada una de las lenguas mencionadas; a la descripción de los distintos tipos de unidades léxicas propias de este ámbito; y al establecimiento de las correspondencias traductológicas entre ambas lenguas y, en su defecto, a la propuesta de equivalencias definitorias y/o descriptivas. Este trabajo contribuirá al estudio de la traducción técnica en el campo de la arquitectura.
La jerga propia precisa: propuesta para una taxonomia detallada de la terminología epónima y deónima
Authors: Calvo García de Leonardo Juan José
Published: January 2020

El traductor científico-técnico acude a los glosarios y no a la onomástica para resolver dilemas puntuales. Y si bien es cierto que no hay una correspondencia científicamente reglada entre el modo de traducir y la naturaleza del terminus technicus, también lo es que –al menos que sepamos– no se ha intentado establecer ninguna catalogación al efecto en primer lugar para, en su momento, relacionar ambos. El presente trabajo resulta de una investigación que se encuentra a término, ya presentada (Calvo, 2014a, 2014b, 2015, 2017a, 2017b, 2018) en algunas de sus facetas. Aquí proponemos y ejemplificamos una taxonomía del término técnico epónimo o deónimo, válida para sus conjuntos principales (geónimos y antropónimos, además los subsidiarios ctisónimos: los nombres de productos, incluidos los nombres de marcas y de obras de arte) y, emulando la taxonomía de las ciencias biológicas, estipulamos hasta dieciséis especificadores, en orden descendente y ramificado, para delimitar, con la mayor precisión posible, las características lingüísticas, referenciales y culturales –a las que se añade el modo de traslado, de traducción empíricamente observable– para un solo término específico o para la agrupación de sus pares.
Aproximación a los tratados de educación física doméstica decimonónicos en Francia y su recepción en España. Estudio del prólogo y de las notas del traductor del Tratado sobre la educación física de los niños para el uso de las madres de familia traducido por Antonio del Campo y Llanos (1849)
Authors: Álvarez Jurado Manuela
Published: January 2020

La reflexión decimonónica en torno al cuerpo y el incipiente desarrollo de la ciencia médica, pusieron el acento en una honda preocupación por la higiene y la salud. El surgimiento de nuevos modelos gimnásticos importados de Europa  comienza a configurar esta nueva disciplina educativa a través de la publicación y de la traducción de tratados. Partiremos del análisis de las propias palabras del traductor D. Antonio del Campo y Llanos quien en 1849 traduce la obra de M. Richard, Traité sur l’éducation physique des enfants à l’usage des mères des familles et des personnes dévouées à l’éducation de la jeunesse. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en poner de manifiesto la decisiva influencia francesa en el ámbito de la educación física en España a través de la difusión de tratados cuya única finalidad, manifestada por el autor, es la utilidad.
Traducir para el paciente: acercamiento y adaptación como modalidad de traducción
Authors: Cobos López Ingrid
Published: January 2020

Es ingente la cantidad de publicaciones de carácter científico relacionadas con el cáncer que muestran los avances en torno a su prevención, detección precoz, sintomatología, tratamiento y otras cuestiones derivadas de un proceso cancerígeno. La mayoría de estas publicaciones, no obstante, se encuentran en inglés, lengua vehicular fundamental, y en todas ellas se ponen de manifiesto aspectos en torno a un complejo tecnolecto, de difícil comprensión por parte del enfermo. Con el objetivo de transmitir dicho conocimiento científico de una forma clara y concisa para el paciente, en el presente trabajo, propondremos unas directrices para la correcta traducción y adaptación de dichos textos de una manera directa y más cercana.
La traducción alemán-español de textos médico-jurídicos y su utilidad didáctica: el consentimiento informado
Authors: Ramírez Almansa Isidoro
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio del consentimiento informado (CI) y su traducción en la combinación de lenguas alemán-español. Para ello, analizaremos el género textual médico-jurídico y qué tipologías textuales lo conforman. Una vez definido el CI, nos centraremos en su estudio en investigación clínica, y mostraremos su utilidad para la enseñanza de la traducción especializada. Para ello, realizaremos un análisis desde un punto de vista contrastivo de la estructura y la terminología presente en un CI original alemán. Esto nos permitirá determinar, si las hubiere, las diferencias con el CI español, así como aportar soluciones a los problemas de traducción que pudiesen surgir.
Estudio del Abregé de l’Histoire ancienne, ou des Cinq grands empires (J. B. Duchesne) y su traducción al español Compendio de la Historia Antigua o de los Cinco Grandes Imperios
Authors: Castellano Martínez José María
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo analiza el Abregé de l’histoire ancienne del jesuita francés Jean- Baptiste Duchesne (1743) y su traducción al español Compendio de la Historia Antigua (1792-1793). La obra objeto de estudio es un manual de Historia Antigua en el que se narra desde una perspectiva bíblica la sucesión de los grandes imperios de la Antigüedad, sus principales personajes e hitos. Tras la pertinente contextualización, se expone una selección de extractos comparados con el interés de destacar las principales divergencias en forma y sentido entre el original y la traducción. Las conclusiones finales reflexionan sobre el método, la estrategia y las técnicas de traducción de este documento ilustrado como instrumento de divulgación.
Le Corbusier (1887-1965): un referente del siglo XX todavía presente en las aulas del siglo XXI
Authors: Añon Aracil Ione
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo se presenta el fenómeno de divulgación y transmisión de conocimientos artísticos, arquitectónicos y técnicos a nivel internacional a través del conjunto de obras de Le Corbusier (1887-1965) del siglo XX gracias a la labor esencial de los traductores. Su obra escrita en francés no solo se tradujo en su momento al español, alemán, inglés, italiano y portugués de Brasil sino que a día de hoy se sigue utilizando en las aulas de las Escuelas de Arquitectura y urbanismo de todo el mundo. Nuestra pretensión es analizar la terminología relacionada con esos conocimientos técnicos, el impacto de los textos de Le Corbusier en el ámbito teórico de la arquitectura de las sociedades modernas partiendo del francés, como lengua origen, al español como lengua meta.
Muvic
Authors: Beneito Roser , Guerrero David
Published: January 2020

Jaume Subirats y Eva Biota son Muvic, un estudio de diseño web y proyectos interactivos que realiza webs de gran impacto visual. En esta entrevista nos explican su apuesta por las webs sofisticadas, con un toque "cinematográfico", siguiendo la premisa de que "cada web debe ser una experiencia nueva" y recalcan la necesidad de crear una estrategia web para cada cliente.
MAD009 (MadinSpain)
Authors: Báscones Pere
Published: January 2020

A finales de junio tuvo lugar en Madrid la cuarta edición del Mad in Spain. Este evento, con imagen renovada y rebautizado como Mad, se está convirtiendo poco a poco en uno de los encuentros clave para estar al día de lo que pasa en el mundo del diseño web, el diseño gráfico y la publicidad interactiva. Este año, Domestika, el colectivo que lo organiza, consiguió todo un éxito de público reuniendo a 1900 asistentes.
Realism: Philosophical and Scientific
Authors: Marsonet Michele
Published: January 2020

What kind of realism - if any - are we allowed to endorse? It is often stated that, in order to provide realism with a solid foundation, we need having recourse to a reality that is totally independent of thought (and let alone of language). This is taken to be the key thesis of realism. But many philosophers reply that, even when we imagine a world totally devoid of human presence, we must use human concepts. From this point of view, conceptualization does not seem to be an optional we can get rid of, but rather a built-in component of the nature of human beings.
Adolescents and socialization to sexuality in same-sex families. Theoretical and methodological challenges
Authors: Coppola Marianna , Masullo Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to investigate the ways in which parents relate to the emotional and sexual lives of their adolescent children, considering the changes that occurred in the configuration of current families, at both the relational and structural level. Of these two levels, the former considers the quality of relations among family members, while the latter refers to the new family forms currently appearing within the social scenario, disarranging the traditional way of thinking about the family and originating new ways of conceiving the roles of male and female, being together, the idea of couple and – last but not least – sexuality and the various ways of living and experiencing it. The idea is to test whether the new family configurations show different ways, compared to the traditional family, in considering children’s education and managing aspects related to this stage of life. We focus here on same-sex families, with the aim of understanding the complexities determined in this specific family environment – which in many respects is still not fully recognized in Italy. The article in the end points out the theoretical and methodological challenges that will have to be tackled in future; and relatively, it points out a research, which aims to explore the socialisation process of adolescents, and their consequent sexual approach, in the homosexual families contest.
Personality and Institution - Reflections on paradigmatic structures in Max Weber’s thinking
Authors: Rehberg Karl Siegbert , Aliberti Silvana Mirella
Published: January 2020

The structure of scientific revolutions - if we follow Thomas Kuhn - is characterized by crises of knowledge and chances by changes of paradigm, a term that is mostly outside the natural sciences only used metaphorically. But also, in sociology, there are something like paradigmatic premises, questioning, research strategies, conceptual structures and perspectives of research in the competition between successful major theories. At least that could be said of Talcott Parsons’s system theory in the period after the Second World War, maybe also of the Critical Theory or later of the approaches of Niklas Luhmann or Pierre Bourdieu. Against this background, the publishers of the Max Weber complete edition, especially Wolfgang Schluchter and his students, were concerned with establishing a “Weber paradigm” more than half a century after the death of this “Myth of Heidelberg”. The essay proposes a combination of Weber’s concept of action with the development of (institutional) forms of order and their enforcement. The prerequisites of the Weber Renaissance since the 1970s are discussed and then a systematization of Weber’s questions based on its “basic sociological concepts” and their logic of grading are proposed. Aspects of a Weber Paradigm are developed from a presentation of the basic principles of the “Theory and Analysis of Institutional Mechanisms”, because the institutional analytical method was proven in various research contexts, especially in the interdisciplinary research of historians and social scientists.
How nitric oxide helps update memories
Authors: Green Daniel JE , Lin Andrew C
Published: January 2020

Some dopaminergic neurons release both dopamine and nitric oxide to increase the flexibility of olfactory memories.
Wicked dreams, teary eyes, and salty noses: Elvish pathologies and folkloric exorcisms from medieval Germanic Europe
Authors:   University College, London, Fraaije Karel
Published: January 2020

Medieval sources preserve a significant number of verbal remedies against elves and comparable beings. Similarly, a substantial number of manuscripts include references to pathologies named after elvish entities. The argument presented here explores the multivalent relationships between folkloric afflictions and performative texts that claim to expel folkloric characters. Specifically, this article concentrates on unpacking the various interpretative implications of elf exorcisms, and it refers to several newly discovered medieval sources. The most significant conclusion it presents is that the lexicon that past individuals used to designate elvish pathologies emerged from complicated linguistic and literary processes and that the variability of symptoms and conditions for which texts contra elphos were used seems to have been inspired in part by the fact that people did not always conceptualise the behaviour of elves in the same way. The argument also considers the views of authors who commented on contemporary beliefs regarding folkloric illnesses and ailments, as well as some sources that shed light on the relationship between popular beliefs and Christian worldviews.
Why is it essential to study verbal magic from witch trials?
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Ilyefalvi Emese
Published: January 2020

I analysed data about charm practices from witch trials. It is diversified and a very rich mass of material. What is more important than generalities is that while acquiring additional details of early modern charm practice, due to the characteristics of this source type, we also get an insight into the beliefs underlying charms, as well as the social, personal and contextual use and strategies of talking about these beliefs. The goal of this paper had been to show why it is indispensable from the point of view of charm research to study the source documents of witchcraft persecution.
Angels, thieves and narratives: A case of Latvian thief binding charms
Authors:   Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia, Ķencis Toms
Published: January 2020

The article explores benefits of a semantic group analysis of nearly 800 Latvian verbal charms against thieves. In order to map the intertextual relationships between charms and other texts, a conceptual model of three levels is provided, defining a broader cultural context, the level of narrative reference, and the level of text. The corpus of Latvian charms against thieves consists of both non-narrative and narrative charms, the latter dominated by “Thieves and The Holy Child” charm type. Few geographical and temporal outlines are suggested concerning the material in question, and a semi-quantitative analysis is applied regarding actors of encounter charms, locations in historiolas, and magic devices preferred by charmers.
Fear, superstition and bargaining: A curse as a threat in old Norse literature
Authors:   Moscow State University, Solovyeva Anna
Published: January 2020

The power of words is a special topic in the Old Norse-Icelandic literature. The extant corpus, including prose and prosimetric sagas as well as poetry, creates an impression of a culture in which language was both respected and feared. Those who knew their way with words could exercise power over both human and supernatural characters of myths, legends and sagas. Among the ways to use words a prominent place is taken up by curses, especially the versified ones. The variety of sources in which the curses are found – ranging from medieval sagas to later folktales – and the diverse social roles of the speakers as well as the addressees of the curses are briefly discussed in the introduction to this paper. However, curses did not always have to be fulfilled in order to be effective. The main question to be addressed in the present paper is, whether the very belief in the power of words – and specifically of the versified curses – could give a clever magician or witch a chance to bend someone to their will with a mere threat of a curse. The rules of an effective curse-threat and the role of various elements – such as supernatural creatures and runic inscriptions – are taken into account in this discussion. The two specific cases explored here are Skírnismál, a poem about gods and other supernatural creatures from the Elder Edda, and Busluboen, a curse extant in Bósa saga ok Herrauðs – a legendary saga about human kings and heroes.
Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and α-amylase: a pre-registered study
Authors: Ducker Kagan J. , Lines Robin L.J. , Chapman Michael T. , Peeling Peter , McKay Alannah K.A. , Gucciardi Daniel F.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The iPro Cube is a small portable point-of-care device designed to analyse salivary markers of stress in a user-friendly manner (e.g., fast, convenient). Our aim was to test the reliability and validity of the iPro Cube to measure salivary cortisol and α-amylase as compared to the common laboratory standard method (ELISA immunoassay) prior to and after moderate intensity exercise.

Methods

The study was a repeated measures, pre-registered design, and statistical framework that incorporated prior knowledge directly into the estimation process. Twenty-nine individuals (age = 27.4 ± 6.6 y; body-mass = 70.8 ± 11.3 kg; height = 1.74 ± 0.92 m; 18 males) completed a single PWC75%HRmax, with repeated measures of salivary cortisol and -amylase pre, immediately post, and 30 min post-exercise.

Results

Correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of salivary cortisol was moderate-to-large (0.53 > r < 0.81) across all three testing points. In contrast, correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of -amylase was small-to-moderate (0.25 > r < 0.46). We found a large correlation between duplicate samples of iPro Cube cortisol assessment (0.75 > r < 0.82), and a moderate-to-large correlation for -amylase (0.51> r < 0.77).

Conclusions

The iPro Cube is capable of taking measures of salivary cortisol that are moderately correlated to values obtained via ELISA immunoassay, however the unit underestimates salivary cortisol and overestimates salivary -amylase at rest and post-moderate intensity exercise. It is recommended that researchers continue using standard laboratory techniques to assess these salivary stress markers.
Histomorphologic Effect of Citrus aurantiifolia against Cadmium Chloride Induced Toxicity in the Liver and Kidney of Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: U. Eric E. , O. Adiela F.
Published: January 2020

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Citrus aurantiifolia against cadmium chloride toxicity induced in the liver and kidney of Albino Wistar rats histologically.

Methods: Twenty five adult female Albino rats weighing 150±11 to 200±50 g were used for the study. The rats were purchased from the Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Science, University Port Harcourt, Rivers State of Nigeria. They were randomly assigned into five groups (A B C D& E) with each group having five rats. Group A (Control) received only food and water for six weeks (6 weeks), Group B received food, cadmium water and treatment with lime juice for six weeks (6 weeks), Group C received food, water and lime juice for three weeks. After three weeks, they stopped lime and water and were induced with cadmium chloride for 3 weeks, Group D received food, cadmium chloride for 3 weeks and after 3 week they were given normal water and treated with lime for another 3 weeks, Group E received food and cadmium water for six weeks. At the end of the treatment, the liver and the kidney of each sacrificed rat were processed for paraffin sectioning and stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin.

Results: Photomicrographs of Groups B and C which were induced with Cadmium Chloride and treated with citrus shows area of central necrosis and central vein congested with red blood cells and also the presence of inflammatory cells which are features of liver injury can be seen.

Conclusion: There was no significant protective effect of Citrus aurantiifolia against cadmium-induced liver injury in Albino Wistar rats. Also, there was no significant effect of cadmium-induced toxicity on the kidney of the Albino Wistar rat.
The effectiveness of computerized cognitive training on working memory in a school setting
Authors: Wiest Dudley J. , Wong Eugene H. , Bacon Jennifer M. , Rosales Kevin P. , Wiest Grahamm M.
Published: January 2020

Working memory (WM) is a significant predictor of academic performance. Emerging empirical evidence has shown that WM can be improved via computerized cognitive training (CCT). Though studies have shown that CCT can improve WM in typical and atypical populations, little is known regarding the efficacy of implementing CCT within a school setting. To address this, the current study examines whether CCT can be efficaciously implemented to remediate WM deficits in students during the school day. Among 17 participants from a school for students with learning differences, nine engaged in a CCT program for a total of 20 hr, whereas the remaining eight students engaged in an out‐of‐class reading activity. Pretest to posttest differences showed that auditory WM abilities significantly improved only for those who received the training program. These results provide initial support for the efficacy of implementing CCT training within the school setting to improve WM.
External Stimuli Responsive Liquid‐Infused Surfaces Switching between Slippery and Nonslippery States: Fabrications and Applications
Authors: Lou Xiaoding , Huang Yu , Yang Xian , Zhu Hai , Heng Liping , Xia Fan
Published: January 2020

Surfaces with controllable liquid wettability and related functions have gained increasing attention from interfacial scientists due to the high demand of fundamental research and practical applications. Inspired by pitch plant's excellent liquid repellency, external stimuli responsive lubricant‐infused surfaces switching between slippery state and nonslippery state under external stimuli (E‐LIS) have been developed by introducing external stimuli responsive materials as substrates, lubricants, or repellent liquids. This progress report is focused on recent development of E‐LIS. First, design strategy and fabrication of E‐LIS upon external stimuli exposure, including stress, electrical field, magnetic field, and temperature, is summarized. Then, emerging interfacial applications of E‐LIS, such as microreactors, pipetting devices, fog collection devices, and so on, are highlighted. In addition, remaining challenges and future prospects are provided.
Tailoring Metal/TiO2 Interface to Influence Motion of Light‐Activated Janus Micromotors
Authors: Maric Tijana , Nasir Muhammad Zafir Mohamad , Webster Richard D. , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2020

Catalytic light‐powered micromotors have become a major focus in current autonomous self‐propelled micromotors research. The attractiveness of such machines stems from the fact that these motors are “fuel‐free,” with their motion modulated by light irradiation. In order to study how different metals affect the velocities of metal/TiO2 micromachines in the presence of UV irradiation in pure water, Pt/TiO2, Cu/TiO2, Fe/TiO2, Ag/TiO2, and Au/TiO2 Janus micromotors are prepared. The metals have different chemical potentials and catalytic effects toward water splitting reaction, with both the effects expected to alter the photoelectrochemically‐induced reaction and propulsion rates. Analysis of structures, elemental compositions, motion patterns, velocities, and overall performances of different metals (Pt, Au, Ag, Fe, Cu) on TiO2 are observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. Electrochemical Tafel analysis is performed for the different metal/TiO2 structures and it is concluded that the effective velocity is a result of the synergistic effect of chemical potential and catalysis. It is found that the Pt/TiO2 Janus micromotors exhibit the fastest motion compared to the rest of the prepared materials. Furthermore, after exposure to UV light, every fabricated micromotor shows high possibility of forming assembled chains which influence their velocity.
Terahertz Near‐Field Metasurfaces: Amplitude–Phase Combined Steering and Electromagnetostatic Dual‐Field Superfocusing
Authors: Han Feng‐Yuan , Liu Pu‐Kun
Published: January 2020

Subwavelength resolution imaging entails a sharpened superfocusing to overcome the diffraction limit. However, conventional high‐numerical‐aperture superfocusing lenses are bulky and expensive. Relying on the abrupt amplitude and phase discontinuities, metasurfaces have been recently explored as an ultrathin platform to generate arbitrary wavefronts over subwavelength thicknesses. In this paper, a dual‐field superfocusing is demonstrated for terahertz wavelengths using a near‐field metasurface by simultaneously tailoring the amplitude and phase of the evanescent field, which satisfies both electrostatic and magnetostatic limits. A combined analytic theory is introduced to describe the physical mechanism and the entire design process of the near‐field metasurface. With three‐layer minuscule elements characterized by extremely small electric sizes, the metasurface can force both incident electric and magnetic fields to converge to a sharpened focus spot (0.066 and 0.045 wavelength focus spots at a distance of 0.073 wavelength) through radiationless electromagnetic interference. Practical implementations of these metasurfaces hold promise for near‐field terahertz beam steering, laser‐based microscopy, noncontact sensing, imaging, and lithography applications.
Nickel/NHC‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclization of Pyridones and Pyrimidones with Tethered Alkenes
Authors: Shen Di , Zhang Wu‐Bin , Li Zhiyang , Shi Shi‐Liang , Xu Youjun
Published: January 2020

Reported is a highly enantioselective Ni(0)‐catalyzed endo‐selective C−H annulation of 2‐ and 4‐pyridone, and 4‐pyrimidone with alkenes to provide drug‐relevant bicyclic heterocycle products. The use of a readily prepared chiral bulky NHC ligand (SIPE) for Ni catalyst and commercially available AlEt3 as co‐catalyst enhanced the practicality of this reaction.

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Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for patients with chronic hepatitis B who suboptimal response to non‐tenofovir disoproxil fumarate nucleos(t)ide analogs therapy
Authors: Chen Kwei‐Ming , Chang Chi‐Hsien , Lee Jyong‐Hong , Yang Chi‐Chieh
Published: January 2020

The efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for previously nucleos(t)ide analogs (NA)‐treated patients in Taiwan is limited. In this retrospective study, our aim is to evaluate the efficacy of TDF in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with suboptimal response (SR) to non‐TDF NA therapy. We retrospectively analyzed CHB patients with SR to non‐TDF NA treatment, in Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, from September 2011 to December 2018. The primary endpoint was defined as achieving complete virological response (CVR) during TDF therapy. Twenty‐eight patients were included in this study. Sixteen (57.1%) patients achieved CVR at a median duration of 135 weeks of TDF therapy. Nine patients (32.1%) achieved CVR early at 24‐weeks treatment. One patient developed virological breakthrough during TDF treatment, which was due to poor drug adherence. The remainders had marked HBV DNA virological suppression (HBV DNA < 1000 IU/mL) after TDF treatment. One patient had renal function deterioration after 144 weeks of TDF therapy. Three of 17 (17.6%) patients developed HBeAg seroconversion after TDF treatment. TDF monotherapy is a potent rescue therapy for CHB patients with SR to non‐TDF NA. Closely monitor renal function is necessary especially in patient with renal dysfunction initially.
Determining primates bite force from histological tooth sections
Authors: Chai Herzl
Published: January 2020

Objectives

The ability to accurately estimate bite force (BF) in extant and fossil primates is valuable to biological anthropologists. BF is generally evaluated using complex jaw musculature and lever arm analyses employing numerous assumptions and requiring complete cranial morphology. Here, a simple method to determine BF from data measured on histological sections of fossil teeth is proposed.

Methods

Published sections of molar teeth encompassing 27 different extinct and extant primates dating back to as early as 17 million years ago were examined. Focusing on the cusp region, the extracted data include characteristic enamel thickness dc and dentin horn angle φ. The occlusal force needed to fracture a cusp, PF, was determined from these variables with the aid of a finite element stress analysis similarly to a previous study on postcanine human teeth. The bite force was obtained by linking BF to PF using a universal constant.

Results

The measured variables dc and φ are conclusively linked. This link produces a virtually constant fracture force PF and in turn bite force BF for all cusps in the molar row. An explicit formula tying BF to dc and φ was derived. For nonhominin taxa the bite force, molar crown area, and body mass are found to be intimately related. The case of hominins is more involved. The so determined BF is gender‐averaged, with the bite force of males estimated to be ≈12% greater than that of females.

Conclusions

The use of “fracture mechanics” concepts from mechanics of materials facilitates determination of critical bite force in primates based on characteristic enamel thickness dc and dentin horn angle φ as extracted from histological sections of molar teeth. This novel approach enables quantitative insight into the role played by crown area, body mass and bite force on evolutionary trends. The conclusive link between cuspal enamel thickness and dentin horn angle facilitates optimal food processing without hindering cusp resilience. The proposed approach may be extended to mammals having asymmetric cusp structures.
A Multidirectional Superelastic Organic Crystal by Versatile Ferroelastical Manipulation
Authors: Sasaki Toshiyuki , Sakamoto Shunichi , Takasaki Yuichi , Takamizawa Satoshi
Published: January 2020

Mechanical twinning changes atomic, molecular, and crystal orientations along with directions of the anisotropic properties of the crystalline materials while maintaining single crystallinity in each domain. However, such deformability has been less studied in brittle organic crystals despite their remarkable anisotropic functions. Herein we demonstrate a direction‐dependent mechanical twinning that shows superelasticity in one direction and ferroelasticity in two other directions in a single crystal of 1,3‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)urea. The crystal can undergo stepwise twinning and ferroelastically forms various shapes with multiple domains oriented in different directions, thereby affording a crystal that shows superelasticity in multiple directions. This adaptability and shape recoverability in a ferroelastic and superelastic single crystal under ambient conditions are of great importance in future applications of organic crystals as mechanical materials, such as in soft robotics.
Acetylene as a Dicarbene Equivalent for Gold(I) Catalysis: Total Synthesis of Waitziacuminone in One Step
Authors: Scharnagel Dagmar , Escofet Imma , Armengol‐Relats Helena , de Orbe M. Elena , Korber J. Nepomuk , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: January 2020

The gold(I)‐catalyzed reaction of acetylene gas with alkenes leads to (Z,Z)‐1,4‐disubstituted 1,3‐butadienes and biscyclopropanes depending on the donor ligand on gold(I). Acetylene was generated in situ from calcium carbide and water in a user‐friendly procedure. Reaction of acetylene with 1,5‐dienes gives rise stereoselectively to tricyclo[5.1.0.02,4]octanes. This novel double cyclopropanation has been applied to the one step total synthesis of the natural product waitziacuminone from acetylene and geranyl acetone.
Flexible and compatible polymer composite blends based on polyurethane/sodium ionomer/lignin and their properties
Authors: Rukmanikrishnan Balasubramanian , Kim Sam Soo , Lee Jaewoong
Published: January 2020

Polyurethane, sodium ionomer (Surlyn 8150), and lignin (PSL)‐based composite films were prepared by the solution casting method with different weight percentages of lignin. The relationships among the morphology, thermal resistance, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties for all composites were characterized. The structural interactions, microstructure, and optical properties of the composite were studied by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The mechanical and UV absorbance properties of the composite films improved significantly with the addition of lignin particles. The tensile strength increased from 42.5 to 57.2 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis results show that the storage modulus of the composites increased and exhibited a single Tg. PSL composite films show excellent water barrier properties, with improved surface hydrophobicity. SEM images revealed that a relatively uniform phase morphology and good interfacial compatibilization wereachieved. These results suggest that all of the composite films with PU, Na ionomers, and lignin materials exhibited good compatibility and miscibility. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48885.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel early‐strength polycarboxylate superplasticizer and its performances in cementitious system
Authors: Xia Liangliang , Zhou Ming , Ni Tao , Liu Zhaoyang
Published: January 2020

A novel early‐strength type polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was synthesized by a new design of molecule structure such as introducing long polyoxyethlene side chains, functional monomer (2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid), and optimizing monomer composition. In this study, with introducing the sulfonate groups into PCE structure, its dispersion capacity and the absorbed amount are increased firstly and then decreased, but the retardation hydration effect is weakened gradually. The molecular weight, adsorbed amount, and dispersion capacity of PCEs firstly increased and then decreased with increasing the AA/TPEG monomer molar ratio, and the same trend as the compressive strength harden concrete with PCEs at the age of 1, 3, and 28 days. The early‐strength type PCE exhibits good dispersive capacity and weak retardation hydration effect in cementitious system, and the early age strength of concrete with addition of early‐strength type PCE develops quickly. This study indicates that reasonable design of PCE molecule structure and synthesis method can obtain a novel early‐strength type PCE which makes a good balance between workability and fast development of early age strength in cementitious system. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48906.
Obscurin and Clusterin Elevation in Serum of Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Kang Min‐Jung , Seong Yunseo , Mahmud Joyeta , Nguyen Binh Thanh
Published: January 2020

We discovered new biomarker candidates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using micro LC and accurate mass spectrometry. Two serum samples were pooled and used for biomarker screening. UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap analysis was used with data‐dependent acquisition followed by Sequest search. Six biomarker candidates were selected after fold change analysis of peptides in AMI patient samples compared to healthy controls. Literature search results were reflected. The six biomarker candidates were characterized and quantified using multi reaction monitoring using synthesized peptides or trypsin digested protein standards. Levels of obscurin, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein 1, and clusterin were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in AMI patient samples compared to levels in healthy controls, while those of antithrombin III and fibrinogen beta were not. We confirmed the diagnostic performance of obscurin and clusterin as biomarker candidates for AMI using commercial ELISA kits. Receiver operating characteristic results showed that obscurin and clusterin showed highest sensitivity and specificity for AMI diagnosis together with troponins by both of multi‐reaction monitoring analysis and ELISA.