bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further evidence of muscle involvement in neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, spasticity, and brain atrophy
Authors: Majethia Purvi , Do Rosario Michelle C. , Kaur Parneet , Karanvir  , Shankar Raagul , Sharma Suvasini , Siddiqui Shahyan , Shukla Anju
Published: December 2021

TRAPPC4‐related neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, spasticity, and brain atrophy (MIM# 618741) is a recently described TRAPPopathy with clinical findings of developmental delay, seizures, postnatal microcephaly, spasticity, facial dysmorphism, and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Muscle involvement, a frequent finding in TRAPPopathies, was observed in one individual with TRAPPC4‐related disorder previously. Only a single variant, an in‐frame deletion in one family has been reported outside a recurrent disease‐causing variant. We report three individuals from two Indian families harboring novel bi‐allelic missense variants c.191T>C and c.278C>T (NM_016146.6) in TRAPPC4 with classic clinical presentation in one and milder and later onset in the other family. We provide further evidence for muscle involvement and review the detailed phenotypic findings in individuals reported with this disorder till date.
Home management by remote self‐monitoring in intermediate‐ and high‐risk pregnancies: A retrospective study of 400 consecutive women
Authors: Zizzo Anne Rahbek , Hvidman Lone , Salvig Jannie Dalby , Holst Lone , Kyng Morten , Petersen Olav Bjørn
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Home management in general is considered to improve patient well‐being, patient involvement and cost‐effectiveness, for obstetric patients as well. But concerns regarding inclusion of intermediate‐ and high‐risk pregnant women are an issue and a limitation for clinical implementation. This retrospective study evaluated the outcome and safety of extended remote self‐monitoring of maternal and fetal health in intermediate‐ and high‐risk pregnancies.

Material and methods

The study reports on 400 singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, high‐risk of preeclampsia, or a history of previous fetal or neonatal loss. Remote self‐monitoring was performed by pregnant women and included C‐reactive protein, non‐stress test by cardiotocography, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and a questionnaire concerning maternal and fetal wellbeing. Data were transferred to the hospital using a mobile device platform and evaluated by healthcare professionals. In case of non‐reassuring registrations, the pregnant women were invited for assessment at the hospital. Primary outcome was perinatal death. Secondary outcomes were other maternal and perinatal complications.

Results

No severe maternal complications were observed. Nine fetal or neonatal deaths occurred, all secondary to malformations, severe fetal growth restriction, extreme prematurity or lung hypoplasia in cases of PPROM before 24 weeks. Even in the latter group, fetal and neonatal survival was 78% (18/23) and rose to 97% (60/62) when PPROM occurred after a gestational age 23+6 weeks. None of the fetal or neonatal deaths were attributable to the home‐management setting.

Conclusions

Home‐monitoring including remote self‐monitoring of fetal and maternal well‐being in intermediate‐ and high‐risk pregnancies seems to be a safe alternative to inpatient or frequent outpatient care, which sets the stage for a new way of thinking of hospital care. The implementation process included staff training workshops and development of patient enrollment practice with clarification of expectations and responsibilities, which can be crucial to the results.
Management of optic disc pit maculopathy: the European VitreoRetinal society optic pit study
Authors: Iros Mariano , Parolini Barbara , Ozdek Sengul , Gini Giampaolo , Nawrocka Zofia Anna , Ellabban Abdallah A , Faramawi Mohammed F. , Adelman Ron , Sallam Ahmed B. ,   EVRS Study Group
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To evaluate a variety of techniques, and their anatomical and functional results, for the treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP‐M). A secondary aim was to report on results of secondary procedures in cases of initial failure or recurrence.

Methods

Multicentre retrospective study of 95 eyes with ODP‐M, treated by 25 surgeons from 12 countries. Primary outcomes were anatomical resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal fluid (IRF) and visual acuity (VA) at 12 months.

Results

Higher rates of SRF and IRF resorption were achieved in eyes treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) compared to external laser with or without tamponade: 64/72 (88.9%) versus 8/14 (57.1%) for SRF (p = 0.003), and 50/59 (84.7%) versus 3/10 (30%) for IRF (p = 0.002). The addition of juxtapapillary laser or internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel during PPV did not improve SRF or IRF resolution. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with tamponade and PPV with tamponade plus endolaser were associated with significant visual gain. In the former group, VA improved from a mean of logMAR 0.91 (20/162), to a mean of logMAR 0.52 (20/66) at 12 months; in the latter group, VA improved from a mean of logMAR 0.82 (20/132) to a mean of logMAR 0.47 (20/59) at 12 months. Retreatments were performed in 14 eyes (15.7%), only enhancing anatomical outcomes.

Conclusion

Vitrectomy with tamponade had better final outcomes than external laser treatment with or without gas tamponade. Laser endophotocoagulation and ILM peel provided no additional benefit. A secondary treatment resulted in anatomical but not functional improvement.
Feasibility and safety of radical prostatectomy for oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer: the Testing Radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer and oligo‐Metastases to the bone (TRoMbone) trial
Authors: Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Wilson Caroline , Rombach Ines , Hassanali Neelam , Aning Jonathan , D. Lamb Alastair , Cathcart Paul , Eden Christopher , Ahmad Imran , Rajan Prabhakar , Sridhar Ashwin , Bryant Richard J. , Elhage Oussama , Cook Jonathan , Leung Hing , Soomro Naeem , Kelly John , Nathan Senthil , Donovan Jenny L. , Hamdy Freddie C.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To test the feasibility of randomisation to radical prostatectomy (RP) plus pelvic lymphadenectomy in addition to standard‐of‐care (SOC) systemic therapy in men with newly diagnosed oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer.

Patients and Methods

A prospective, randomised, non‐blinded, feasibility clinical trial with an embedded QuinteT Recruitment Intervention (QRI) to optimise recruitment was conducted in nine nationwide tertiary care centres undertaking high‐volume robotic surgery. We aimed to randomise 50 men with synchronous oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer within an 18‐month recruitment period to SOC systemic therapy vs SOC plus RP (intervention arm). The main outcome measures were: ability to randomise patients, optimised by a QRI; EuroQoL five Dimensions five Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaires to capture quality‐of‐life (QoL) data at baseline and 3 months post‐randomisation; routine clinicopathological assessment to capture adverse events and prostate‐specific antigen in both arms, plus standard perioperative parameters in the surgical arm.

Results

A total of 51 men were randomised within 14 months (one was subsequently deemed ineligible), with 60–83% accrual rate in centres that recruited at least two patients. All patients completed the trial follow‐up; one patient in the intervention arm subsequently did not undergo the surgical intervention and one in the SOC arm refused all therapies. The QRI positively impacted recruitment. QoL data showed similarly high functioning in both study arms. Surgery for men with oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer was found to be safe and had similar impact on early functional outcomes as surgery for standard indication.

Conclusion

It is feasible to randomise men with synchronous oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer to a surgical intervention in addition to standard systemic therapies. While surgery appeared safe with no substantial impact on QoL in this feasibility study, a large randomised controlled trial is now warranted to examine treatment effectiveness of this additional component in the multimodality management of oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer.
Litter‐trapping tank bromeliads in five different forests: Carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes
Authors: Aguilar‐Cruz Yonatan , García‐Franco José G. , Zotz Gerhard
Published: December 2021

Bromeliads are the most abundant litter‐trapping plants in Neotropical forest canopies. By intercepting litter, bromeliads obtain and retain nutrients before they reach the pedosphere. Here, we analyzed the litter captured and stored by tank bromeliads (TB) in five different forests along an elevation gradient in Mexico. Among those forests, carbon and nutrient pools and nitrogen fluxes in TB were estimated in a mangrove (MF) and a semi‐deciduous tropical forest (SDTF). The composition of the litter trapped by TB along the gradient was similar to forest litterfall and was mainly composed of leaves. Most of the litter was captured in the dry season, and we found a significant effect of projected plant area and the interaction between month and site on bromeliad litter capture. Moreover, litter stored in TB increased exponentially with projected plant area and differed between three studied bromeliad species. In the MF (with ca. 2,700 TB ha−1), barely ca. 1% of annual litterfall is trapped by these plants, but even in the SDTF, with >10,000 TB ha−1, only ca. 2.4% is captured. We found that carbon and nitrogen pools in TB were small and represented <1% of the carbon and nitrogen stored in forest aboveground biomass. Furthermore, the residence time of litter trapped in TB was similar to that of litter on the forest floor. In the light of our results, we conclude that in the studied forests, the effect of TB on the forest carbon and nutrient cycle is negligible.

Abstract in Spain is available with online material.
Frequency of guideline‐defined cow's milk allergy symptoms in infants: Secondary analysis of EAT trial data
Authors: Vincent Rosie , MacNeill Stephanie J. , Marrs Tom , Craven Joanna , Logan Kirsty , Flohr Carsten , Lack Gideon , Radulovic Suzana , Perkin Michael R. , Ridd Matthew J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Non‐IgE‐mediated Cow's Milk Allergy (CMA) has a prevalence of less than 1% in children. Guidelines developed to help non‐specialists diagnose CMA may lead to misattribution of normal symptoms and contribute to overdiagnosis of CMA. We sought to establish the frequency of symptoms during infancy associated with non‐IgE‐mediated CMA, using the international Milk Allergy in Primary Care (iMAP) guideline as representative of CMA guidelines more generally.

Method

Secondary analysis of the Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN 14254740; 1303 exclusively breastfed 3‐month‐old healthy infants). Key outcomes were ≥2 iMAP symptoms associated with ‘mild‐moderate’ and ‘severe’ non‐IgE‐mediated CMA.

Results

Whilst breastfeeding and parental atopy rates were higher than the general population, participants were otherwise similar to the population of England and Wales. Two or more non‐IgE CMA symptoms were reported by 25% families for mild‐moderate and 1.4% for severe symptoms each month between ages 3 and 12 months, peaking at 38% with ≥2 mild‐moderate and 4.3% ≥2 severe symptoms at three months, when participants were not directly consuming cow's milk. 74% of participants reported ≥2 mild‐moderate symptoms and 9% ≥2 severe symptoms in at least one month during this period. At six months there was no evidence of difference in the proportion of children with ≥2 symptoms between those consuming (29.5% mild‐moderate, 1.8% severe) and not consuming cow's milk (35.3% mild‐moderate, 2.2% severe). Mean monthly reporting of ≥2 symptoms was also no different between those with (15.8% mild‐moderate, 1.1% severe) or without eczema at baseline (16.7% mild‐moderate, 1.3% severe).

Conclusions

Guideline‐defined symptoms of non‐IgE‐mediated CMA are very common in infants. Guidelines may promote milk allergy overdiagnosis by labelling normal infant symptoms as possible milk allergy.
The association between adrenal adenoma size, autonomous cortisol secretion and metabolic derangements
Authors: Bleier Jonathan , Pickovsky Jana , Apter Sara , Fishman Boris , Dotan Zohar , Tirosh Amir , Shlomai Gadi
Published: December 2021

Objective

Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) is common in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI). ACS is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Data regarding the association between radiological characteristics of adrenal adenomas, their hormonal functionality and metabolic outcomes, are scarce and inconclusive. In this study, we aim to delineate the association between radiological characteristics of AI, ACS and metabolic status.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of 77 patients with AI who underwent a comprehensive hormonal evaluation. Radiological assessments were performed by an independent radiologist blinded to the clinical and hormonal phenotype of each case. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between post dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol levels, metabolic indices and radiological measurements.

Results

Mean maximal adenoma diameter was greater in patients with versus without ACS (20.35 ± 6 vs. 27.09 ± 9.3 mm, respectively, p < .01). Maximal adenoma diameter was found to be positively and linearly correlated with post‐DST morning cortisol levels across their entire range (R = .474, p < .01). Linear correlations between maximal adenoma diameter and indices of glycemic control showed a correlation coefficient (R) of .481 and .463 for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), respectively, p < .01. When analysis included only patients with ACS, an R = .584 and R = .565 was observed for FPG and HbA1c, respectively (p < .01 for both). The association between maximal adenoma diameter and both FPG and post‐DST morning cortisol intensified in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

There is a quantitative positive mild correlation between AI size and both cortisol autonomy and metabolic parameters.
Online survey on factors influencing patients' motivation to undergo bariatric surgery
Authors: Widmer Jeannette , Gero Daniel , Sommerhalder Barbara , Alceste Daniela , Raguz Ivana , Serra Michele , Vonlanthen René , Bueter Marco , Thalheimer Andreas
Published: December 2021

Given the worldwide increasing prevalence of severe obesity and considering the amount of scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery (BS), it is surprising that only a fraction of patients with obesity undergo BS. We therefore conducted an anonymized online survey among individuals with a history of BS to understand factors influencing the deciding process leading to BS. Respondents were recruited on a voluntary basis from obesity‐related social media groups between April and June 2020. The self‐designed, non‐validated questionnaire consisted of 20 questions and was open to any participants with a history of BS. Of 851 participants who started the survey, 665 completed the questionnaire (completion rate of 78.1%). Five years after BS, still 70% of the survey‐participants were very satisfied or satisfied with the surgical result. However, the majority (73.3%) would have undergone BS earlier. The main motivation to choose BS was related to health status or quality of life. Important characteristics for a bariatric surgeon to obtain patients' trust are “taking time and listen” (74.7%), empathy (64%) and sympathy (56%). Post‐operative satisfaction with the surgical outcome was high and long‐lasting in this large cohort of BS patients. However, most participants would retrospectively have undergone BS earlier. The main reason to choose BS as treatment for their obesity were impaired physical health or reduced quality of life. Nearby location to patients' residence and availability of surgeons with empathy were decisive motives for bariatric centre selection.
Chylous ascites after complete mesocolic excision for right‐sided colon cancer with D3 lymphadenectomy: A retrospective cohort‐study
Authors: Sun Yanwu , Deng Yu , Lin Yu , Lin Huiming , Huang Ying , Jiang Weizhong , Chi Pan
Published: December 2021

Aim

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate risk factors of the occurrence and severity of chylous ascites after complete mesocolic excision (CME) and D3 lymphadenectomy in patients with right‐sided colon cancer.

Methods

Consecutive patients receiving CME and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer were included. Risk factors of the occurrence and severity of chylous ascites by using logistic analysis were assessed. A nomogram predicting chylous ascites was constructed.

Results

Among 661 patients included in the study, postoperative chylous ascites occurred in 48 (7.3%) patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that prognostic nutritional index (PNI ≤ 47, OR = 2.172, p = 0.016), laparoscopic surgery (OR = 2.798, p = 0.034), operating time (>225 min, OR = 2.645, p = 0.002), and apical lymph node (APN) metastasis (OR = 3.698, p = 0.034) were correlated with the occurrence of postoperative chylous ascites. A nomogram predicting postoperative chylous ascites was constructed (C‐index 0.701). 31.2% (15/48) of patients with chylous ascites were resolved in more than 7 days. The number of retrieved lymph nodes (OR = 1.074, 95% CI: 1.002–1.152, p = 0.044) and PNI ≤ 47 (OR = 7.890, 95% CI: 1.224–50.869, p = 0.030) were independently predictive of prolonged chylous ascites resolution (≥7 days).

Conclusions

In our series, 7.3% of patients developed chylous ascites after right hemicolectomy with CME and D3 lymphadenectomy. Laparoscopic surgery, PNI, operation time, and APN metastasis were independently predictive of postoperative chylous ascites. Lower PNI and more retrieved lymph nodes were correlated with prolonged resolution of chylous ascites.
Biomechanical and musculoskeletal changes after flexor tenotomy to reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathic toe ulcer recurrence
Authors: Mens Marieke A. , van Netten Jaap J. , Busch‐Westbroek Tessa E. , Bus Sicco A. , Streekstra Geert J. , Wellenberg Ruud H. H. , Maas Mario , Nieuwdorp Max , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To assess the effect of flexor tenotomy in patients with diabetes on barefoot plantar pressure, toe joint angles and ulcer recurrence during patient follow‐up.

Methods

Patients with a history of ulceration on the toe apex were included. They underwent minimally invasive needle flexor tenotomy by an experienced musculoskeletal surgeon. Dynamic barefoot plantar pressure measurements and static weight‐bearing radiographs were taken before and 2–4 weeks after the procedure.

Results

A total of 14 patients underwent flexor tenotomy on 50 toes in 19 feet. There was a mean follow‐up time of 11.4 months. No ulcer recurrence occurred during follow‐up. Mean barefoot plantar pressure was assessed on 34 toes and decreased significantly after the procedure by a mean 279 kPa (95% CI: 204–353;p < 0.001). Metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles were assessed on nine toes and all decreased significantly (by 7° [95% CI: 4–9;p < 0.001], 19° [95% CI: 11–26;p < 0.001] and 28° [95% CI: 13–44;p = 0.003], respectively).

Conclusion

These observations show a beneficial effect of flexor tenotomy on biomechanical and musculoskeletal outcomes in the toes, without ulcer recurrence.
Future restoration should enhance ecological complexity and emergent properties at multiple scales
Authors: Bullock James M. , Fuentes‐Montemayor Elisa , McCarthy Ben , Park Kirsty , Hails Rosie S. , Woodcock Ben A. , Watts Kevin , Corstanje Ron , Harris Jim
Published: December 2021

Ecological restoration has a paradigm of re‐establishing ‘indigenous reference' communities. One resulting concern is that focussing on target communities may not necessarily create systems which function at a high level or are resilient in the face of ongoing global change. Ecological complexity – defined here, based on theory, as the number of components in a system and the number of connections among them – provides a complementary aim, which can be measured directly and has several advantages. Ecological complexity encompasses key ecosystem variables including structural heterogeneity, trophic interactions and functional diversity. Ecological complexity can also be assessed at the landscape scale, with metrics including β diversity, heterogeneity among habitat patches and connectivity. Thus, complexity applies, and can be measured, at multiple scales. Importantly, complexity is linked to system emergent properties, e.g. ecosystem functions and resilience, and there is evidence that both are enhanced by complexity. We suggest that restoration ecology should consider a new paradigm to restore complexity at multiple scales, in particular of individual ecosystems and across landscapes. A complexity approach can make use of certain current restoration methods but also encompass newer concepts such as rewilding. Indeed, a complexity goal might in many cases best be achieved by interventionist restoration methods. Incorporating complexity into restoration policies could be quite straightforward. Related aims such as enhancing ecosystem services and ecological resilience are to the fore in initiatives such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Implementation in policy and practice will need the development of complexity metrics that can be applied at both local and regional scales. Ultimately, the adoption of an ecological complexity paradigm will be based on an acceptance that the ongoing and unprecedented global environmental change requires new ways of doing restoration that is fit for the future.
Utilization of a surgical database to provide care and assess perioperative treatment and outcomes in patients with bleeding disorders
Authors: Olasupo Omotola O. , Haddix Craig , Nakar Charles , Maahs Jennifer , Greist Anne , Ghafoor Azam , Donfield Sharyne M. , Iorio Alfonso , Shapiro Amy D.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To describe the Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (IHTC) surgical database, its key components, and exploratory analyses of surgeries conducted between 1998 and 2019.

Methods

Surgical data across bleeding disorders collected retrospectively (1998–2006) and prospectively (2006–2019) were analyzed. Perioperative hemostasis, complications, and surgical plan deviations were compared by bleeding disorder diagnosis and data collection period.

Results

Within the 21‐year period, 3246 procedures were conducted in 1413 patients with a diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (vWD), hemophilia A (HA), hemophilia B (HB), and other bleeding disorders. Majority of the procedures were minor (63.3%), and median number of surgeries per patient was 1 (range: 1–22). Adequate perioperative hemostasis was achieved in 90.9%, complications occurred in 13.6%, and surgical plan deviations occurred in 31.3% of procedures. Inadequate perioperative hemostasis and surgical plan deviations occurred more frequently in procedures involving HB compared with other bleeding disorders. Complications were not significantly different across bleeding disorders (p = .164). The prospective data collection period was associated with higher rates of hemostatic efficacy (92.4% vs. 88.3%; p < .001), complications (14.3% vs. 12.3%; p < .001), and plan deviations (34.2% vs. 25.1%; p < .001).

Conclusion

The surgical database is an important resource in surgical management in patients with bleeding disorders. Further evaluation will facilitate use for the development of predictive models and principles of care.
Differential expression analyses reveal extensive transcriptional plasticity induced by temperature in New Zealand silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus)
Authors: Valenza‐Troubat Noemie , Davy Marcus , Storey Roy , Wylie Matthew J. , Hilario Elena , Ritchie Peter , Wellenreuther Maren
Published: December 2021

Ectotherm species, such as marine fishes, depend on environmental temperature to regulate their vital functions. In finfish aquaculture production, being able to predict physiological responses in growth and other economic traits to temperature is crucial to address challenges inherent in the selection of grow‐out locations. This will become an even more significant issue under the various predicted future climate change scenarios. In this study, we used the marine teleost silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus), a species currently being explored as a candidate for aquaculture in New Zealand, as a model to study plasticity in gene expression patterns and growth in response to different temperatures. Using a captive study population, temperature conditions were experimentally manipulated for 1 month to mimic seasonal extremes. Phenotypic differences in growth were measured in 400 individuals, and gene expression patterns of pituitary gland and liver were determined in a subset of 100 individuals. Results showed that growth increased 50% in the warmer compared with the colder condition, suggesting that temperature has a large impact on metabolic activities associated with growth. A total of 265,116,678 single‐end RNA sequence reads were aligned to the trevally genome, and 28,416 transcript models were developed (27,887 of these had GenBank accessions, and 17,980 unique gene symbols). Further filtering reduced this set to 8597 gene models. 39 and 238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the pituitary gland and the liver, respectively (|log2FC| > 0.26, p‐value < 0.05). Of these, 6 DEGs showed a common expression pattern between both tissues, all involved in housekeeping functions. Temperature‐modulated growth responses were linked to major pathways affecting metabolism, cell regulation and signalling, previously shown to be important for temperature tolerance in other fish species. An interesting finding of this study was that genes linked to the reproductive system were up‐regulated in both tissues in the high treatment, indicating the onset of sexual maturation. Few studies have investigated the thermal plasticity of the gene expression in the main organs of the somatotropic axis simultaneously. Our findings indicate that trevally exhibit substantial growth differences and predictable plastic regulatory responses to different temperature conditions. We identified a set of genes that provide a list of candidates for further investigations for selective breeding objectives and how populations may adapt to increasing temperatures.
Bromide intoxication in a 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly
Authors: Sacks M. , Byrne D. P. , McConnell E. J.
Published: December 2021

A 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly presented with a several‐month history of weight loss, polydipsia and polyuria, intermittent diarrhoea and behavioural changes and intermittently uncoordinated gait. Neurological examination revealed hyperexcitability, bilaterally reduced pupillary light reflexes and quadrilateral ataxia with proprioceptive deficits more obvious in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs. A multifocal neurological lesion was suspected. The laboratory finding of a persistent hyperchloraemia and an apparent negative anion gap prompted measurement of serum bromide concentration and subsequently confirmed bromide intoxication. Further questioning of the trainer revealed that the filly had been administered oral potassium bromide for behavioural modification over several months. Clinical signs of bromide intoxication resolved within 20 days following the last bromide administration, without specific medical intervention. This case report describes the risk of inadvertent bromide overdosing in horses and highlights the need for control of bromide use in the equine industry.
What are policymakers waiting for? How trustworthy government can sooth tax instability and expenditure arrears
Authors: Arroja Ricardo , Camões Pedro J.
Published: December 2021

Tax policies and public spending reflect the taking and giving powers of the government. However, when thinking about these, the taking powers of government are perceived as the most prominent. Why is the government's relationship with society seemingly asymmetric in that give and take? What leads to these perceptions? This article's starting point is instability in corporate income taxes and government expenditure arrears as two features of poor fiscal governance associated with lower corporate investment in the market economy. The article then focuses on the political and technical relationships comprising budgetary governance and proposes feasible policy options. These policy options aim toward a path of corporate income tax stability and timely government payments through better balancing the give and take involved in running the government.
The efficacy of powered toothbrushes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomassen Tim M. J. A. , Van der Weijden Fridus G. A. , Slot Dagmar E.
Published: December 2021

Aim

This systematic review and network meta‐analysis synthesizes the available clinical evidence concerning efficacy with respect to plaque scores following a brushing action with oscillating‐rotating (OR) or high‐frequency sonic (HFS) powered toothbrushes (PTB) compared with a manual toothbrush (MTB) as control.

Material and methods

Databases were searched up to 1 August 2021, for clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of a PTB with OR or HFS technology compared with an MTB on plaque removal after a single‐brushing action and conducted with healthy adult patients. Meta‐analysis (MA) and a network meta‐analysis (NMA) were performed.

Results

Twenty‐eight eligible publications, including 56 relevant comparisons, were retrieved. The overall NMA results for the mean post‐brushing score showed a statistically significant difference for the comparison between an OR PTB and an MTB (SMD = −0.43; 95% CI [−0.696;−0.171]). The change in plaque score data showed a significant effect of a PTB over an MTB and OR over HFS. Based on ranking, the OR PTB was highest, followed by the HFS PTB and the MTB.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the present study design, based on the outcome following a single‐brushing action, it can be concluded that for dental plaque removal, there is a high certainty for a small effect of a PTB over an MTB. This supports the recommendation to use a powered toothbrush for daily plaque removal. There is moderate certainty for a very small benefit for the use of a powered toothbrush with an OR over an HFS mode of action.
What evidence supports the use of Body Worn Cameras in mental health inpatient wards? A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the effects of Body Worn Cameras in public sector services
Authors: Wilson Keiran , Eaton Jessica , Foye Una , Ellis Madeleine , Thomas Ellen , Simpson Alan
Published: December 2021

Body‐Worn‐Cameras (BWCs) are being introduced into Mental Health Inpatient Units. At present, minimal evidence surrounding their use in a mental health environment exists. This review examined research on the uses of BWCs in public sector services including healthcare, public transportation, and law enforcement. All eligible studies included a visible BWC, recording on a continuous loop as the main intervention. The evidence base presented high levels of bias, highly varied camera protocols, and heterogeneity of outcome measurements. This review found there is limited evidence for the efficacy of BWCs to control and manage violence within mental health inpatient wards. The technology has shown to be effective in reducing the number of public complaints in a law enforcement setting, but it is unclear how this is achieved. It appears there may be potential beneficial uses and unintended consequences of BWCs yet to be explored by mental health services.
Linking nurse practice environment, safety climate and job dimensions to missed nursing care
Authors: Labrague Leodoro J.
Published: December 2021

Aim

This study examined the aspects of the nurse practice environment and patient safety climate and the various job dimensions that contribute to the occurrence of missed nursing care.

Background

Missed nursing care is a crucial healthcare concern that poses significant threats to patient safety. The available literature on missed nursing care is confined to high‐resource nations, where hospital policies, mechanisms and processes to support professional nursing practice are well established.

Methods

This is a multi‐centre, cross‐sectional study, using self‐report scales, which involves 624 clinical nurses in selected hospitals in the Philippines.

Results

Patient safety climate (β = −0.148, p = 0.001), decision authority (β = −0.101, p = 0.018) and staffing/resource adequacy (β = −0.086, p = 0.014) significantly predicted missed nursing care. Nurse, unit and hospital variables were not related with missed nursing care.

Discussion

Nurses who perceived greater decision authority, positive safety climate and adequate staffing/resources were less likely to miss or omit patient care activities.

Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policy

Institutional measures to foster decision authority in nurses, improve safety climate and address staffing/resource issues can be a viable solution to reduce the occurrence of missed nursing care.
Mechanical tailoring of dislocation densities in SrTiO3 at room temperature
Authors: Okafor Chukwudalu , Ding Kuan , Zhou Xiandong , Durst Karsten , Rödel Jürgen , Fang Xufei
Published: December 2021

Dislocation‐tuned functional properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and ferroelectric properties in oxides are attracting increasing research interest. A prerequisite for harvesting these functional properties in oxides requires successful introduction and control of dislocation density and arrangement without forming cracks, which is a great challenge due to their brittle nature. Here, we report a simple method to mechanically tailor the dislocation densities in single‐crystal perovskite SrTiO3. By using a millimeter‐sized Brinell indenter, dislocation densities from ∼1010 to ∼1013 m−2 are achieved by increasing the number of indenting cycles. Depending on tip radius and indenting load, large and crack‐free plastic zones over hundreds of micrometers are created. The dislocation multiplication mechanisms are discussed, and the work hardening in the plastic zone is evaluated by micro‐hardness measurement as a function of dislocation density. This simple approach opens many new opportunities in the area of dislocation‐tuned functional and mechanical studies.
Effects of exergaming on functional outcomes in people with chronic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chan Kendy Gui Fang , Jiang Ying , Choo Wen Ting , Ramachandran Hadassah Joann , Lin Yanjuan , Wang Wenru
Published: December 2021

Aims

The aim of this review is to synthesize and evaluate effectiveness of exergaming on balance, lower limb functional mobility and functional independence in individuals with chronic stroke.

Design

The present review is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The review is written in accordance with the guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA)

Data Source

Searches were conducted across seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus and PEDro) and in grey literature from inception until January 2021.

Review Methods

Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) written in English were included. All eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias by two reviewers independently. Meta‐analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Narrative syntheses were adopted whenever meta‐analysis was inappropriate. The overall quality of evidence from included studies was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework.

Results

4511 records were retrieved, with 32 RCTs eligible for inclusion and 27 RCTs included in meta‐analysis. Meta‐analyses reported statistically significant small effect sizes favouring exergaming on balance (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.08–0.41], p = .004), lower limb functional mobility (pooled SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.08–0.50], p = .007) and functional independence (pooled SMD = 0.41, 95% CI [0.09–0.73], p = .01). Most of the included studies failed to provide adequate description of the measures taken to prevent bias.

Conclusion

Exergaming has favourable effects on improving balance, lower limb functional mobility and functional independence among individuals with chronic stroke, making it a suitable adjunct to conventional physiotherapy.

Impact

People with chronic stroke have difficulty achieving the required rehab intensity. Exergaming can help individuals with chronic stroke to undertake further rehabilitation exercises at home. It can be a suitable adjunct to conventional physiotherapy.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on haematocrit and haemoglobin levels and the associated cardiorenal benefits in T2DM patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Qi , Guo Keyu , Deng Jiayi , Zhong Yanjun , Yang Lin
Published: December 2021

To explore the effect and magnitude of effect of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on haematocrit and haemoglobin and the related cardiorenal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL and EMBASE were searched to identify eligible trials. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Seventy‐eight studies were included in the meta‐analysis. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels compared with control (total WMD 2.27% [95% CI 2.08, 2.47] and 6.20 g/L [95% CI 5.68, 6.73], respectively). Except for dapagliflozin (p = 0.000), no notable dose‐dependent relationship was revealed for other SGLT2 inhibitors. The effect could be sustained or even slightly increased with long‐term therapy (coef. =0.009, 95% CI [0.005, 0.013], p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, haematocrit elevation increased with higher body mass index (BMI). A greater haematocrit elevation could be observed in white patients or when compared with active controls. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibitors increased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels in T2DM patients. Changes in haematocrit and haemoglobin seem to be surrogate markers of improvement in renal metabolic stress, and important mediators involved in cardiorenal protection.
Decentralizing investment: Evidence from municipal organization after close elections
Authors: Natividad Gabriel
Published: December 2021

I use close municipal elections in a nonparametric regression discontinuity framework to study the organizational dimension of local public investment following a decentralization reform in Peru. National political organizations' mayors winning by very narrow margins approve and execute larger investments than those of other types of parties; they also choose structures, systems, and personnel more conducive to active investment, engage in beneficial contracting relationships with outside funding sources, and achieve more stable financial and social performance. Evidence on the consequential influence of national parties only after the decentralization reform, with their aggregate investment implications, is discussed.
Seasonal monitoring of Cryptosporidium species and their genetic diversity in neonatal calves on two large‐scale farms in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Kuankuan , Wu Yayun , Jing Bo , Xu Chunyan , Chen Yuancai , Yu Fuchang , Wei Zilin , Zhang Ying , Cui Zhaohui , Qi Meng , Zhang Longxian
Published: December 2021

To find out whether and how the prevalence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in neonatal calves vary with the season, 380 fecal samples from neonatal calves on two large‐scale farms in Xinjiang (Alar and Wensu) were studied using molecular biology techniques. Cryptosporidium was detected in 48.7% (185/380) of the samples and was most frequent in summer (56.8%), followed by spring (50.0%), winter (46.8%), and autumn (41.7%; p > 0.05). Calves with diarrhea seem to be more likely infected by Cryptosporidium than those without diarrhea (p < 0.01). We also found that C. parvum (n = 173), C. bovis (n = 7), and C. ryanae (n = 3) were the Cryptosporidium species detected in this study, and co‐infections of these three species (n = 2) were also identified. Two subtypes (IIdA14G1 and IIdA15G1) of C. parvum were identified, and both can infect human. These results also show that neonatal calves commonly suffer diarrhea caused by C. parvum throughout the year.
Reversal of colpocleisis—A surgical technique for recurrent pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Doumouchtsis Stergios K. , Rada Maria Patricia , Walker Roger M. H. , Loganathan Jemina , Raja Mohammad Ashraf Khan
Published: December 2021

Given the rarity of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse after obliterative procedures and the paucity of data in the literature on this topic, optimal management is challenging. We describe a technique of reversal of colpocleisis in an 81‐year‐old woman with recurrent prolapse as the first step in a staged, reconstructive procedure. Basic principles underlying our approach include multidisciplinary team involvement, detailed preoperative planning, and a series of investigations including different imaging modalities and a meticulous stepwise surgical technique. The distortion of anatomical planes, anticipated scarring, and close proximity of pelvic organs specifically bladder and rectum are important considerations. In our case, the multidisciplinary surgical team included urogynecologists, a urologist, and a colorectal surgeon. Detailed preoperative planning was agreed following multiple patient and team consultations. Preoperative investigations included ultrasound and videourodynamics. Intraoperatively, cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy were performed to identify anatomical landmarks and planes, rule out fistulae, and evaluate for anatomical distortions involving pelvic organs. Subsequently, reversal of the colpocleisis was undertaken and uneventful. Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated and a sacrospinous fixation, anterior vaginal repair, and perineorrhaphy were performed as a secondary restorative procedure for the correction of recurrent prolapse.
Jaw–neck motor strategy during jaw‐opening with resistance load
Authors: Böthun Alicia , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Wiesinger Birgitta , Wänman Anders , Hellström Fredrik , Österlund Catharina
Published: December 2021

Background

The jaw and neck motor systems have a close functional integration but the effect of resistance load to the mandible during jaw opening on the jaw–neck integration is not known.

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of resistance load compared to no load on integrated jaw and neck motor function in individuals free from pain and dysfunction in the jaw and neck regions.

Methods

Jaw and head movements during continuous jaw opening were recorded with an optoelectronic system (MacReflex®) in 26 pain‐free individuals (14 women, 12 men, mean age 22 years). Jaw opening was performed with and without resistance load (1600 g) to the mandible. The relationship between jaw movement amplitude, head movement amplitude, head/jaw ratio (quotient of head and jaw movement amplitude) and resistance load were modelled using linear mixed‐model analysis. A p‐value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The expected head/jaw ratio mean was increased by 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.08, p < .001) with resistance load as compared to no load. This corresponds to an increase in expected mean by 55.6%. With resistance load, expected mean head movement amplitude increased by 1.4 mm (95% CI: 0.2, 2.5, p = .018), and expected mean jaw movement amplitude decreased by 3.7 mm (95% CI: −7.0, −0.5, p = .025).

Conclusion

There is a compensation and adaptation of integrated jaw–neck motor function with an altered jaw–neck motor strategy during jaw opening with resistance load compared to no load. The head/jaw ratio demonstrates increased proportional involvement of the neck during increased load on the jaw system.
Validation of the Japanese Version of the Modified Balanced Time Perspective Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity Results1
Authors: Kusumi Takashi , Nishikawa Kazuji , Nomura Nobutake , Webster Jeffrey Dean
Published: December 2021

A balanced time perspective (BTP) is defined as a frequent and equal tendency to think positively about both one's past and future. A BTP is related to greater psychological well‐being, such as life satisfaction and wisdom, and these BTP associations may vary cross‐culturally, although few studies of BTP in non‐Western countries exist. In order to advance cross‐cultural comparisons of BTP, an important methodological step is to validate BTP measures in different cultures. This study aimed to develop and validate a Japanese version of the modified Balanced Time Perspective Scale (mBTPS). Japanese participants (N = 1,020, aged 18–79 years) completed the mBTPS‐J, along with Japanese versions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI‐J) and measures of well‐being (life satisfaction and wisdom scales). Factor analysis of the mBTPS‐J resulted in a 27‐item mBTPS‐J consisting of Past, Present, and Future subscales. Correlations between the relevant mBTPS‐J and ZTPI‐J subscales, and with the well‐being measures, supported both convergent and predictive validity, respectively. The demonstrated psychometric strengths of the mBTPS‐J will allow for specific testing of important cross‐cultural questions.
Longitudinal Study on the Relationships between Organizational Factors and Autonomous and Controlled Motivation among Older Japanese Bridge Employees1
Authors: Horiguchi Kouta
Published: December 2021

Longitudinal relationships between organizational factors and autonomous and controlled motivation among older Japanese bridge employees were investigated. The study sample consisted of 331 older people working in bridge employment at the same organizations where they worked before retirement (Mage = 63.45 years, SD = 3.28 years). Data were taken at two time points 10 months apart. Multiple regression analysis indicated that organizational justice predicted autonomous motivation at Time 2, after controlling for demographic variables and autonomous motivation at Time 1, whereas organizational justice did not predict controlled motivation. Moreover, support from coworkers positively predicted autonomous motivation and negatively predicted controlled motivation at Time 2. These results indicate that optimal organizational environments might promote autonomous motivation and reduce controlled motivation among older workers. It is suggested that organizations develop environments where older workers can receive fair evaluations from their superiors and close relationships with their coworkers.
Examination of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale among Adults Using Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory1,2
Authors: Adachi Keiichiro , Yada Hironori , Odachi Ryo
Published: December 2021

Globally, the COVID‐19 pandemic has impaired every aspect of life, especially causing much psychological damage—for instance, increasing the risk of suicide. Intense fear and anxiety are considered to play a central role in mental health problems. This study examined the psychological properties of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S) using classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Five hundred fifty participants aged 18–69 years and from across Japan completed questionnaires, including the Japanese FCV‐19S, the Japanese Depression Anxiety Stress Scales‐15 (DASS‐15), and the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 (K6). CTT showed that each item of the Japanese FCV‐19S had no ceiling and floor effect and was close to the normal distribution, and IRT revealed that each item had an appropriate parameter of discrimination and difficulty. Finally, the Japanese FCV‐19S was shown to have an acceptable reliability and moderate good concurrent validity. Consequently, the Japanese FCV‐19S has robust psychometric properties and can be useful for early detection of adults impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic.