bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic disorders of personality
Authors: Welch Larry W. , Bear David
Published: May 2007

Organic illnesses may produce alterations in behavior that closely resemble personality disorders. Careful differential diagnosis is necessary in formulating appropriate treatment.
Comorbidity of personality disorders: Two for the price of three
Authors: Fiester Susan J. , Ellison James M. , Docherty John P. , Shea Tracie
Published: May 2007

Clinicians who treat individuals with personality disorders must remain alert to the presence of concurrent mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or schizophrenia. Comorbid disorders can significantly affect a patient's presentation, treatment, and prognosis.
The many faces of AIDS: Opportunities for intervention
Authors: Bing Eric G. , Nichols Stuart E. , Goldfinger Stephen M. , Fernandez Francisco , Cabaj Robert , Dudley Richard G. , Krener Penelope , Prager Mindy , Ruiz Pedro
Published: May 2007

Social and cultural issues may have a profound impact on different populations' responses to the AIDS epidemic. To maximize their own effectiveness, clinicians need to be aware of special needs and concerns.
HIV infection and the mental health clinician: Future directions
Authors: Goldfinger Stephen M.
Published: May 2007

With the increasing incidence of HIV infection, the role of mental health practitioners will extend far beyond the care of those directly affected by the epidemic.
An integrated treatment approach for severely mentally ill individuals with substance disorders
Authors: Sciacca Kathleen
Published: May 2007

The step‐by‐step approach to integrated treatment for multiple disorders described in this chapter can be replicated at minimal cost in any type of mental health treatment program of service.
Contrasting integrated and linkage models of treatment for homeless, dually diagnosed adults
Authors: Kline John , Harris Maxine , Bebout Richard R. , Drake Robert E.
Published: May 2007

The special problems of the dually diagnosed homeless are addressed in a mental health case management agency through two complementary treatment models, each with specific advantages.
Therapy with victimized children and their families
Authors: Berliner Lucy
Published: May 2007

The treatment of children who have been sexually abused requires intervention at the individual, parental, and family level. A treatment model is proposed to address the negative affect, distorted beliefs, sexualized behavior, and disturbed personality development often associated with sexual abuse.
Marital therapy for sexual abuse survivors
Authors: Follette Victoria M.
Published: May 2007

Sexual abuse often makes a serious impact on interpersonal relationships. This chapter addresses treatment of marital issues when one member is a survivor of child sexual abuse.
Urban street outreach: Using clinical principles to steer the system
Authors: McQuistion Hunter L. , D'Ercole Ann , Kopelson Ettie
Published: May 2007

A decade ago, urban street outreach was part of a rapid response to the epidemic of homelessness. Today it struggles to develop into a clinical craft that will define its own niche in the system of services to the homeless mentally ill.
Family‐aided assertive community treatment: A comprehensive rehabilitation and intensive case management approach for persons with schizophrenic disorders
Authors: McFarlane William R. , Stastny Peter , Deakins Susan
Published: May 2007

By combining the therapeutic and rehabilitative effects of assertive community treatment, family psychoeducation, and the multifamily group, better use of an expanded social network yields a more coordinated clinical effort and an enhanced level of community adaptation for patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Effectively treating stimulant‐abusing schizophrenics: Mission impossible?
Authors: Roberts Lisa J. , Shaner Andrew , Eckman Thad A. , Tucker Douglas E. , Vaccaro Jerome V.
Published: May 2007

Rehabiliation of individuals with concomitant schizophrenia and stimulant abuse, once deemed futile, now seems feasible and promising.
Childhood‐onset schizophrenia
Authors: Gordon Charles T.
Published: May 2007

Schizophrenia has been described in children as young as five years of age and should be a diagnostic consideration in any child with psychosis.
Neuroimaging in neuropsychiatry
Authors: Weinberger Daniel R.
Published: May 2007

Neuroimaging techniques are beginning to unlock the mysteries of how the structure and function of the brain are abnormal in patients with mental illness.
A free, appropriate public education for children with neurobiological disorders—sometimes available only through due process litigation
Authors: Sussan Theodore A.
Published: May 2007

Advocates must fight inappropriate school decisions to obtain appropriate services.
Infertility: Psychotherapeutic issues
Authors: Rosenthal Miriam B.
Published: May 2007

The new reproductive technologies create a variety of novel emotional stresses and psychological dilemmas for the infertile patient. A grasp of the issues and technology involved is essential for the psychotherapy of this small but growing population of patients.
The meaning of ethnocultural difference: Its impact on and use in the psychotherapeutic process
Authors: Blue Howard C. , Gonzalez Carlos A.
Published: May 2007

The authors describe common ethnocultural issues arising in psychotherapy and suggest strategies for effectively addressing them.
The clustered apartment project: A conceptually coherent supported housing model
Authors: Telles Lawrence
Published: May 2007

A supported housing program should meet the needs of its clients for a home in the context of a supportive community.
Familial touch and perceptual reactivity of children with severe mental illness
Authors: Weiss Sandra J.
Published: May 2007

The nature of touch among family members can influence the degree of nervous system arousal experienced by children who are hypersensitive to the environment.
Managed mental health, medicaid, and medical cost offset
Authors: Pallak Michael S. , Cummings Nicholas A. , Dörken Herbert , Henke Curtis J.
Published: May 2007

Evidence is increasing that managed mental health care is cost‐effective for direct mental health expenditures and for decreasing medical costs, especially for persons with chronic medical conditions.
Managed mental health in the oregon health plan
Authors: McFarland Bentson H. , George Robert A. , Pollack David A. , Angell Richard H.
Published: May 2007

This chapter details the efforts of Oregonians to demonstrate the rationality of including mental health coverage in a comprehensive health plan.
Substance abuse and managed care
Authors: Wilson Claire V.
Published: May 2007

Substance abuse by the late 1980s had already become a prominent, out‐of‐control sector of health care. Some of the reasons for this crisis, as well as more recent changes in this specialty field, are explicated in this chapter.
Hospital care of the mentally disabled in japan
Authors: Takahashi Toru
Published: May 2007

This chapter reviews hospital care in Japan, first by describing a vocational rehabilitation program at a mental hospital, and then by presenting a brief discussion of factors affecting mental hospitals.
Ethics and boundaries in community support services: New challenges
Authors: Curtis Laurie C. , Hodge Martha
Published: May 2007

Rapidly changing patterns of service principles and practices in community mental health services raise new dilemmas in service ethics and relationship boundaries for which staff have little guidance for decision making.
Comorbid substance use disorder: Prevalence, patterns of use, and course
Authors: Cuffel Brian J.
Published: May 2007

Research on the prevalence, patterns, and course of Substance use disorders in severe mental illness gives key insights into the complex interaction of Substance use and mental disorder. Understanding the literature on comorbidity has implications for the design of clinical services and for the direction of future research in the field.
Measuring outcomes of care for substance use and mental disorders
Authors: Audrey Burnam M.
Published: May 2007

One challenge in developing a system for routinely monitoring the outcomes of substance use and mental health treatment is the selection of measures for assessing outcomes.
Outcomes assessment: Information for improving mental health care
Authors: Steinwachs Donald M. , Fischer Ellen P. , Lehman Anthony F.
Published: May 2007

Findings from ongoing assessments in two states illustrate strategies for using outcomes information.
Using outcomes measurement to improve quality and value
Authors: Nelson Eugene C.
Published: May 2007

The relationship between quality and value is demonstrated through improvement models and case examples. Principles and special issues relevant for improvement models in mental health are discussed.
The psychiatric unit comes to the general hospital: A history of the movement
Authors: Walkup James
Published: May 2007

Specialized psychiatric units have had a long gestation, but they flourished most when they served both the financial interests of hospitals and the professional aspirations of psychiatry.
Eine Methode zur Fehlerverkleinerung beim Runge‐Kutta‐Verfahren
Authors: Fehlberg Erwin
Published: May 2007

Nach Durchführung einer Transformation kann die Differentialgleichung n‐ter Ordnung durch einen Runge‐Kutta‐Ansatz mit größerer Genauigkeit numerisch integriert werden als dies mit der üblichen Runge‐Kutta‐Methode oder mit den Runge‐Kutta‐Zurmühl‐Formeln möglich ist. Und zwar sind unsere Formeln för die Lösungsfunktion selbst um zwei h‐Potenzen und für die Ableitungen der Lösungs‐funktion um je eine h‐Potenz genauer als die Formeln von Runge‐Kutta‐Zurmühl.
Ein Strömungsproblem mit nicht eindeutig bestimmter Lösung
Authors: Wagner Richard
Published: May 2007

Das symmetrische Auftreffen eines freien Strahls auf eine Platte mit Blende wird als ebenes Problem behandelt. Mit Hilfe elliptischer Funktionen kann es bis zur Gewinnung integralfreier Endformeln durch gerechnet werden. Bei der Konstantenbestimmung zeigt sich, daß die Lösung in gewissen Fällen nicht eindeutig bestimmt ist.
Satellitenbewegung mit Reibung
Authors: Persen Lei F. N.
Published: May 2007

Unter der Voraussetzung, daß die auf einen Satelliten wirkenden Reibungskräfte entweder dem Quadrat der Geschwindigkeit proportional seien und mit dem Abstand r vom Massenmittelpunkt des Planeten abnahmen (Fall 1), oder der Geschwindigkeit proportional seien und mit dem Quadrat des Abstandes r abnehmen (Fall 2), wird gezeigt, daß die strengen Lösungen für die Bahnkurven des Satelliten sich durch bekannte Funktionen ausdrücken lassen. Ferner wird die Behauptung von Singer, die Bahnkurve ziehe sich zu einem Kreis zusammen, ehe der Satellit sich auf einer Spirale gegen den Planeten bewegt, näher erläutert. Schließlich wird die Lebensdauer von „Sputnik l”︁ bestimmt, indem die Lebensdauer zu dem Zeitpunkt gerechnet wird, wenn der Satellit sich in die adiabatisch gelagerte Atmosphäre bewegt, wobei eine theoretisch berechnete Höhe dieser Atmosphäre von 28 km bis 50 km benutzt wird.
Über die Parallelströmung zäher Flüssigkeiten zwischen koaxialen Zylindern im Grenzfall, daß das innere Rohr verschwindet
Authors: Emersleben Otto
Published: May 2007

Bei der laminaren Parallelströmung inkompressibler zäher Flüssigkeiten zwischen zwei koaxialen Kreiszylinderrohren, and denen die Flüssigkeit haftet, strebt, wenn der Radius des inneren Rohres gegen 0 strebt, die Durchflußmenge pro Zeiteinheit überraschenderweise gegen dern Wert der Durchflußmenge durch ein einfaches Kreiszylinderrohr vom gleichen äußeren Radius. Die Verhältnisse dieser scheinbaren Besonderheit werden untersucht. Sie erscheinen verständlich und widerspruchsfrei gegenüber den hydrodynamischen Grundgleichungen.
Ein Beitrag zur exzentrisch belasteten Kreismembran
Authors: Hieke Max
Published: May 2007

Wie im Falle der konzentrisch angeordneten, kreisförmig begrenzten, gleichförmigen Belastung der schwingenden Kreismembran wird auch bei der exzentrisch gelegenen gleichförmigen Belastung die Webersche Beziehung zur Integration der inhomogenen Schwingungsgleichung herangezogen. Mit Hilfe des Superpositionsprinzips gelingt es, die Lösung der inhomogenen Schwingungsgleichung für die am Rande eingespannte Kreismembran herzustellen, wenn das belastete Kreisgebiet ganz dem Innern der Membran angehört.
Einige strenge Lösungen für den Spannungszustand in ebenen Verbundkörpern
Authors: Bufler Hans
Published: May 2007

Es wird der Spannungszustand in einem Verbundkörper (bestehend aus einer starren endlichen Scheibe und einer elastischen Halbscheibe oder aus zwei verschiedenen elastischen Halbscheiben) untersucht. Das Problem läßt sich auf zwei gekoppelte singuläre Integralgleichungen für die Druckspannung p und die Schubspannung q längs der Berührungsfläche (diese beiden Größen interessieren hauptsächlich) zurückführen. Es werden die strengen Lösungen für p und q sowie für die tangentiale Randspannung σx ermittelt und auf fünf verschiedene Belastungsfälle (reiner zentrischer Druck bzw. Zug, Schub ohne Verdrehungsmöglichkeit, Schub mit Verdrehungsmöglichkeit, reine Verdrehung, Wärme‐ und Vorspannungen) angewandt. Die dafür erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind in dimensionsloser Form in Diagrammen niedergelegt.
Ein Beitrag zur Dynamik der Kreismembran
Authors: Hieke Max
Published: May 2007

Mit Verwendung des Dirichletschen diskontinuierlichen Faktors wird eine inhomogene Differentialgleichung für die Auslenkung der Kreismembran integriert. Dabei wird vorausgesetzt, daß die Störungsfunktion auf einem Segment der Kreisfläche konstant ist, aber auf der restlichen Kreisfläche verschwindet.
Bending of a Rectangular Plate with Two Opposite Free Edges and Other Two Simply Supported Edges Having Any Clamped Portion
Authors: Kurata M. , Okamura H.
Published: May 2007

The present study deals with the bending of a rectangular plate with two opposite free edges and other two simply supported edges having any clamped portion, and presents some numerical results of a square plate under a uniform load or a point load.
Nomographic Representation of the Functional Relations among Three Complex Variables
Authors: Morita K. , Simokawa Y.
Published: May 2007

We define a Massau's complex chart matrix M3c of the third order and show that the functional equation det (M3c) = 0, including three complex variables zj (j = 1, 2, 3), is expressed by our complex chart in Gaussian plane, and that an unknown number, one of z's, is obtained by a pantograph or an elementary geometrical construction. Some example of these charts are also explained.
On the Solution of an Integral Equation Appearing in the Delta‐Wing Theory
Authors: Stanišić Milomie M.
Published: May 2007

The integral equation appearing in the formulation of the non‐steady motion of the flow around a delta‐wing in supersonic flight has been studied and solved using a new approximate technique developed in this paper. The solution of this integral equation represents the source function for the three‐dimensional non‐steady perfect flow. In this paper the solution for transonic case is obtained, but no difficulties arise for the solution in the domain outside this region. The new technique developed in this paper for the solution of this integral equation is based on the perturbation of the domain of integration. This method reduces the integral equation under consideration to known equation in the aerofoil theory developed by Fuchs, Hopf and Seewald.

Generally speaking, the development of this theory is believed to be one of the worthwhile new techniques in this field, which is a contribution to the major factors arising in the theory of the flutter phenomenon in rocket motion.
Geometrische Darstellung der Weierstraßschen δ‐Funktion
Authors: Reutter F.
Published: May 2007

Im Anschluß an frühere Arbeiten des Verfassers über die nomographische Darstellbarkeit elliptischer Funktionen werden Nomogramme entwickelt, mit deren Hilfe die natürlichen Logarithmen der Weierstraßschen δ‐Funktion mit komplexem Argument z = x + i y und beliebigen reellen Invarianten g2, g3 abgelesen werden können. Es zeigt sich, daß bei der Darstellung durch ein Fluchtliniennomogramm die Skalen für x und y auf Kegelschnitten und die für die abhängige Veränderliche auf Geraden liegen. Die Ermittlung des zu gegebenen g2, g3 gehörigen Kegelschnitts und eines zugehörigen Graduierungsfaktors erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Schar Neilscher Parabeln.
Zur Dynamik des Preßlufthammers
Authors: Neuber H.
Published: May 2007

Für die Berechnung der Bewegungsvorgänge in Preßlufthämmern wird ein Vier‐Massen‐System als dynamisches Modell eingeführt, bestehend aus: Hammergehäuse, Kolben, Meißel und Handgriff. Es sind zwei periodische Stoßvorgänge zu berücksichtigen: 1. Kolben gegen Meißel, 2. Hammerkörper gegen Meißel (Meißelbund). Dämpfungen werden vernachlässigt. Ausgehend von einer Fourier‐Entwicklung der Luftdruck‐Zeit‐Funktion wird eine Theorie aufgestellt, welche die exakten Weg‐Zeit‐Funktionen der Massen liefert. Der beruhigende Einfluß einer zusätzlichen Abfederung des Handgriffs wird an einigen Spezialfällen, sowie im allgemeinen Fall diskutiert.
Über periodische Lösungen nichtlinearer Differentialgleichungen und über eine Beziehung zwischen Amplitude und Frequenz
Authors: Sagirow P.
Published: May 2007

Die Arbeit ist eine Fortsetzung von [3] und behandelt die Fehlerabschätzung bei der Berechnung der periodischen Lösungen der Differentialgleichung L(D)x = f(x,x) mit Hilfe der harmonischen Balance. Für die Frequenzen beliebiger periodischer Lösungen von L(D)x = f(x) wird eine obere Schranke angegeben.
Eine Begründung für die Anwendung der Laplace‐Transformation auf nichtlineare Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Leipholz H.
Published: May 2007

Für ein abgeschlossenes Intervall der unabhängigen Veränderlichen wird die Lösung von nichtlinearen Differentialgleichungen mittels Laplace‐Transformation unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen begründet. Durch Zurückführung auf eine gleichwertige Integralgleichung wird die Konvergenz des verwendeten Iterationsverfahrens gezeigt und es wird eine Fehlerabschätzung gegeben.
An Exact Analysis of the Stagnation Phenomenon of Laminar Free‐Convection Flows in Thermosyphons
Authors: Liu Vi‐Cheng , Jew Howard
Published: May 2007

Es wird eine Methode für die exakte Untersuchung der Geschwindigkeits‐ und Temperaturverteilung laminarer konvektionsfreier Strömungen in geschlossenen zweidimensionalen Hohlräumen dargestellt. Die Lösung der Gleichungen (der Gleichung von Navier‐Stokes und der Gleichung für die Wärmeübertragung) erhält man durch eine Doppelreihen‐Entwicklung der Strom‐ und der Temperaturfunktion nach orthogonalen Polynomen. Die resultierenden Gleichungen für die Entwicklungskoeffizienten werden in zwei gekoppelte Systeme algebraischer Gleichungen umgeformt, und diese werden dann mit einem Rechenautomaten numerisch gelöst. Die angegebene Methode ist z. B. besonders wirksam bei der Behandlung der Staupunkt‐Erscheinungen in einem Thermosyphon, welche mit den bekannten Näherungsverfahren der Grenzschichttheorie nicht aus‐reichend genau behandelt werden können. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung werden durch Bilder veranschaulicht.
Über zufallserregte Schwingungssysteme
Authors: Hasselmann K.
Published: May 2007

Es wird das Verhalten beliebiger linearer Schwingungssysteme unter der Einwirkung statistisch stationärer Zufallserregungen untersucht. Insbesondere wird das instationäre Verhalten instabiler und ungedämpfter stabiler Systeme ermittelt. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Seegangsanfachung durch turbulente Luftdruckschwankungen sowie die Kursstabilität von Schiffen im unregelmäßigen Seegang betrachtet.
Hydromagnetic Stagnation‐Point Flow for Small Rm
Authors: Ludford G. S. S.
Published: May 2007

Incompressible hydromagnetic flow near a plane stagnation point is considered, when the electrical conductivity is small and the applied magnetic field at an arbitrary angle to the surface. First, inviscid flow is treated, and the precise nature of the singular perturbation in the magnetic Reynolds number determined [thus explaining the logarithmic singularity in vorticity at the surface of an arbitrary body found by Ludford and Murray (1960)]. Then viscous forces are included, causing a gross redistribution of the intrinsically non‐uniform vorticity outside the boundary layer. This dominant algebraic effect (amongst others) is lacking in similarity solutions, which are thereby quite exceptional. The principal functions of the present exact solution are tabulated.
Große Biegeverformungen bei schlanken geraden und kreisförmigen Trägern
Authors: Löbel G.
Published: May 2007

Unter Vernachlässigung der Schubverzerrung wird bei der Biegung der vollständige Ausdruck für die Balkenkrümmung berücksichtigt. Die Integration der nichtlinearen Dgl. 2. Ordnung erfolgt so, daß man als Lösung unmittelbar elliptische Funktionen erhält. Dadurch lassen sich auch die Verformungen zusammengesetzter Systeme ermitteln. Besonderheiten, wie z. B. imaginäre Belastungsparameter, die Bedeutung der Modultransformation werden besprochen.
Eingespannte Rechteckplatten mit Schubverzerrungen
Authors: Rüdiger D.
Published: May 2007

Für allseitig eingespannte Rechteckplatten unter konstanter Belastung werden Lösungen angegeben und numerisch ausgewertet. Ein Vergleich mit der klassischen Theorie macht den Einfluß der Schubverzerrungen deutlich. Partikuläre Integrale der inhomogenen Grundgleichungen der Reissnerschen Plattentheorie folgen aus einer singulären Lösung.
Reciprocal Properties in Magnetogasdynamics
Authors: Power G. , Tunbridge Anne
Published: May 2007

The steady, compressible, two‐dimensional subsonic flow of a gas with infinite conductivity in a magnetic field parallel to the velocity field is considered here, and the equations of motion are transformed to obtain a linear equation of the Chaplygin type. Reciprocal properties are derived, in which to every flow pattern there corresponds a certain simple pressure‐density law. From these results an approximation method for solving certain types of magnetohydrodynamic compressible flow problems is deduced, and an example is given showing how the method may be applied.
Stress Distribution in a Finite Compound Bar
Authors: Sundara Iyengar K. T. Raja , Alwar R. S.
Published: May 2007

When two bodies of different elastic properties are cemented together, due to mutual restraint, the stresses along and in the neighbourhood of the joint get affected. In this paper one such problem is studied. Two finite bars are joined together, and the compound bar thus formed is pulled in tension. A general solution has been given in the form of multiple Fourier series satisfying all the boundary conditions including those at the interface. Some numerical results are given for two examples.
Einschließungssatz für Eigenwerte bei partiellen Differentialgleichungen 2. und 4. Ordnung
Authors: Collatz L.
Published: May 2007

Es wird eine Methode zur Aufstellung von Quotienten‐Einschließungssätzen für Eigenwerte bei partiellen Differentialgleichungen beschrieben und auf einfache Fälle, u. a. auf eine Plattenschwingungsgleichung und eine Plattenknickgleichung angewendet.
Stabilität einer rotierenden Flüssigkeit
Authors: Schultz‐Grunow F.
Published: May 2007

Die dynamische Stabilität einer als starrer Körper rotierenden und von einem oder zwei mitrotierenden kreisförmigen Rändern begrenzten Flüssigkeit führt bei ebenen Störungen auf Besselfunktionen als Eigenfunktionen. Der Stabilitätsnachweis kann also für diesen Fall in geschlossener Form gegeben werden.
Zur Torsion prismatischer Stäbe
Authors: Kandler P.
Published: May 2007

Das Torsionsproblem für einen geradlinigen Stab ist im Prinzip gelöst, wenn man die Greensche Funktion des Stabquerschnittbereiches kennt. Man erhält das gesuchte Torsionspotential in Form eines Randintegrals. Die tatsächliche Berechnung des Torsionspotentials scheitert jedoch im allgemeinen an der Schwierigkeit der auszuführenden Integrationen. Deshalb ist diese „Methode der Greenschen Funktion”︁ nach C. Weber [1] anscheinend nur im Falle dreier spezieller Kreissektorquerschnitte angewandt worden [2]. Im folgenden wird dieser Lösungsweg beschritten im Falle des allgemeinen Kreissektorquerschnittes und jener vier geradlinigen Polygone, deren Abbildung auf den Einheitskreis durch elliptische Funktionen vermittelt wird (Gleichseitiges Dreieck, gleichschenklig‐rechtwinkliges Dreieck, Dreieck mit den Winkeln 90°, 60°, 30°, Rechteck). Für diese Querschnitte eröffnet die „Methode der Greenschen Funktion”︁ die Möglichkeit einer einheitlichen mathematischen Behandlung.
Die Torsion der dicken Platte mit stetig veränderlichem Schubmodul
Authors: Bufler H.
Published: May 2007

Das Torsionsproblem einer unendlich ausgedehnten Platte (Schicht) mit senkrecht zum Rand stetig veränderlichem Schubmodul G(z) läßt sich in übersichtlicher Weise mit Hilfe der Hankel‐Transformation behandeln; es wird von einer gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung mit im allgemeinen veränderlichen Koeffizienten beherrscht. Ihre Lösung wird für das Gesetz G(z) = G0(1 + az)γ mit beliebigem (positivem oder negativem) Exponenten γ angegeben und diskutiert.
Ein isoperimetrisches Problem im R
Authors: Fricke A.
Published: May 2007

Aus einer Klasse von Körpern ist derjenige mit maximalem Volumen gesucht. Dies führt auf ein Variationsproblem mit verschobenem Argument, mit freien Randpunkten und einer Bogenlängennebenbedingung. Es wird gezeigt, wie man die erforderlichen Gleichungen erhält und wie man sie iterativ lösen kann.
Über ein ebenes Bimetallproblem mit einer speziellen Rißbildung
Authors: Jentsch L.
Published: May 2007

Bewiesen werden Existenz‐ und Eindeutigkeitssätze für ebene Randkontaktaufgaben der Thermoelastostatik in einer geeigneten Klasse regulärer Vektoren. Die Materialkonstanten sind in den Teilgebieten D+und D−von D, die längs des Geradenstücks S0aneinandergrenzen, konstant aber verschieden. Als Randbedingung auf S = δD ist die Normalspannung und als Kontaktbedingung auf S0sind auf beiden Ufern von S0die tangentiellen Komponenten des Verschiebungsvektors sowie die Differenz der Normalkomponenten des Verschiebungsvektors und des Normalspannungsvektors an beiden Ufern vorgegeben. Das Problem wird mit Hilfe von partikulären Lösungen und einem Potentialansatz vom Typ der einfachen Schicht, dessen Kern der Kontakttensor der Elastostatik für zwei gekoppelte Halbebenen ist, auf ein singuläres Integralgleichungssystem mit feststehenden Singularitäten zurückgeführt. Dieses ist im Raum L2(S) noethersch und hat den Index Null.
The Estimation of Integral Seepage Characteristics of Hydraulic Structures in Terms of the Theory of Inverse Boundary‐Value Problems
Authors: Ilyinsky N. B. , Kacimov A. R.
Published: May 2007

The authors solve the problems of controlling the shape of hydraulic structures (apron, channel, drain, earth dam) under the condition of the extremum of integral seepage characteristics. The extremals and the corresponding estimates are found by the method of inverse boundary‐value problems within the scope of the theory of analytical functions.
Optimal Control of a Variational Inequality with Controsl in Coefficients. Applications to Structural Analysis – Mindlin‐Timoshenko Plate
Authors: Lovíšek J.
Published: May 2007

Betrachtet wird eine Klasse von Design‐Optimierungsproblemen, wobei das Zustandsproblem durch eine Variationsungleichung kontrolliert wird. Letztere enthält einen elliptischen Operator, dessen Koeffizienten als Design‐ (Kontroll)‐Variable gewählt werden. Wir geben hinreichende Bedingungen an für die Existenz einer optimalen Steuerung. Die Analysis wird im abstrakten Fall durch die Einführung einer endlichdimensionalen Approximation des Problems sowie den Beweis von deren Konvergenz ergänzt. Schließlich konstruieren wir ein Beispiel für ein Optimierungsproblem and Hand der Mindlin‐Timoschenko‐Platte.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Laminar Flow through a Staggered Bundle of Cylinders
Authors: Rasoul J. , Anagnostopoulos P. , Ganoulis J.
Published: May 2007

Die laminare Strömung durch ein versetzt angeordnetes Bündel von Zylindern wird untersucht. Das Ziel dieses Projekts ist die Berechung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten und der Druckverteilung im Strömungsfeld. Die betrachteten Reynolds‐Zahlen, gebildet aus der mittleren Geschwindigkeit und dem Abstand zwischen den Zylindern, liegen zwischen 6 und 300. Falls die Strömung auf den laminaren Zustand beschränkt ist, wird das mathematische Modell des Problems aus den Navier‐Stokesschen‐Gleichungen gebildet. Für die numerische Lösung dieser Gleichungen wurde die Finite‐Differenzen‐Methode benutzt und zwar in einer Form, wo die Geschwindigkeiten und der Druck die Feldvariablen sind. Stromlinien, Geschwindigkeiten und Druckverteilungen werden für verschiedene Reynolds‐Zahlen dargestellt. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Rechnung wird durch vorgeführte Laborexperimente unter verschiedenen Bedingungen geprüft. Die Geschwindigkeiten in Strömungsrichtung wurden an ausgewählten Meßpunkten im Strömungsfeld unter Benutzung der Laser‐Doppler‐Anemometrie gemessen. Die Anwendbarkeit der Resultate auf den Ursprung der Beziehungen zwischen mikroskopischen und makroskopischen Eigenschaften der Strömung durch poröse Medien wird ebenfalls diskutiert.
On Dual Solutions of Stagnation Point Flow of a Viscoelastic Fluid
Authors: Ariel P. D. , Teipel I.
Published: May 2007

Es wird die laminare zweidimensionale Strömung eines inkompressiblen viskoelastischen Fluids in der Nähe eines Staupunktes betrachtet. Eine Näherungslösung, die die orthogonale Kollokationspunktmethode mit Laguerreschen Polynomen benutzt, wird entwickelt. Sie unterstreicht die Nichtexistenz von Lösungen über den kritischen Wert des viskoelastischen Fluidparameters hinaus und die Existenz dualer Lösungen für den Parameterwert kleiner als dieser kritische Wert. Eine lineare Stabilitätsbetrachtung der zwei Lösungen wird vorgestellt. Die Lösung, die zum kleineren Wert der Schubspannungen gehört, ergibt sich als stabile Lösung, während die andere Lösung sich als instabil erweist.
Functional Equations Involving the Logarithmic Mean
Authors: Kahlig P. , Matkowski J.
Published: May 2007

The paper deals with some recent results concerning a functional equation involving the logarithmic mean which occurs in a heat conduction problem. By reinterpreting the functional equation in an alternative way, nontrivial solution can be found.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Nonlinear Localization in a Flexible Structure with Vibro‐Impacts
Authors: Emaci E. , Nayfeh T. A. , Vakakis A. F.
Published: May 2007

In this work a numerical and experimental study of nonlinear motion confinement phenomena in a nonlinear flexible assembly with vibro‐impacts is carried out. The assembly consists of two coupled cantilever beams whose motion is constrained by rigid barriers. In the theoretical model the impact nonlinearities are simulated by clearance nonlinearities with steep stiffness characteristics; special care is taken to model energy dissipation due to inelastic impacts. The theoretical results confirm that the vibro‐impact system possess motion confinement properties. Both transient and steady state motions are studied, and it is shown that under certain conditions the vibrational energy of the system is passively confined to only one of the two beams. These essentially nonlinear responses exist inspite of direct coupling between the two beams, and have no analogs in linear theory. The experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions both in the transient and steady state regimes. The passive nonlinear motion confinement phenomena reported in this and previous works can be utilized to enhance the controllability of flexible structures with symmetries, and to improve current shock and vibration isolation designs of such systems.
Application of gas‐liquid partition chromatography to the quantitative estimation of monoglycerides
Authors: McInnes A. G. , Tattrie N. H. , Kates M.
Published: May 2007

A procedure has been developed for the quantitative estimation of monoglycerides in terms of their constituent fatty acids. The monoglyceride mixture is mesylated with mesyl chloride in the presence of pyridine, and the resulting dimesyl derivatives are converted to allyl esters of the constituent fatty acids by treatment with sodium iodide in anhydrous acetone at 100°C. The allyl esters are then analyzed quantitatively by gas‐liquid partition chromatography at 240°C. on a column of Apiezon M—Celite. Both α‐ and β‐monoglycerides are quantitatively converted to allyl esters by this procedure. β‐Monoglycerides in a mixture of α‐ and β‐isomers may be determined separately after removal of the α‐isomers by oxidation with periodic acid. The analytical procedure is also applicable to monoglycerides in the presence of free fatty acids, diglycerides, and triglycerides.
Integrated oil mill processing
Authors: Sikes James K.
Published: May 2007

Conclusion

The foregoing has been set forth in an effort to point out possible ways and means by which an oil mill may broaden its horizons or scope of operation. We have tried to show economic advantages to be gained by having these operations performed at the mill site rather than having some‐one somewhere else do them with the attendant increase in price to the ultimate consumer. In other words, it has been our aim to show how an oil mill may become more integrated in its operation and not simply add on certain features for addition's sake. Where possible, savings have been shown by using common components, common labor, and common power, all necessary to operate the oil mill in its regular state without the additional benefits and revenues derived from integrated processing.
Biogenesis of polyunsaturated acid in fish
Authors: Mead James F. , Kayama Mitsu , Reiser Raymond
Published: May 2007

Following injection ofTilapia mossambica with acetate‐1‐C14, their fatty acids were isolated, fractionated, and degraded. The high content of linoleic and arachidonic acids was evidently derived from the diet. Degradation of these acids revealed a distribution of carbon‐14 similar to that found in similar studies on mammals.
Conversion of conjugatedcis‐trans octadecadienoates to thetrans‐trans isomers1,2,3
Authors: Chipault J. R. , Hawkins J. M.
Published: May 2007

The conversion of methyl conjugatedcis‐trans octadecadienoate to thetrans‐trans isomer takes place easily in the presence of iodine and light. The reaction is more rapid in carbon disulfide than in Skellysolve C, and it is quite slow and accompanied by loss of conjugation in methanol. The rate of conversion increases with iodine concentration and light intensity and decreases with increasing fat concentration. It is affected by temperature also, but to a lesser degree. the influence of light may result from its catalytic effect on the decomposition of a reversible fat‐iodine complex.

The reaction appears to be pseudo‐first order with respect to the substrate but is complicated by side reactions which inactivate the catalyst and destroy conjugation.

The reaction occurs, at a measurable rate, with iodine in the dark, or in light without iodine, but no conversion takes place without iodine in darkness.

The isomerization reaches an equilibrium when approximately 71% of the conjugation present is in thetrans‐trans form. This equilibrium can be attained by starting with eithercis‐trans ortrans‐trans material. Very little, if any,cis‐cis isomer is present in the equilibrium mixture.
Optical bleaches on wash‐and‐wear cotton
Authors: Villaume F. G.
Published: May 2007

More than 50% of certain classes of wearing apparel, such as men's shirts, currently being sold are made of wash‐and‐wear fabric. This. percentage is expected to increase even more in the future.

The reaction products used in preparing wash‐and‐wear cotton and the proposed mechanism whereby these products modify cotton have been deseribed.

Data have been presented to show the reduced whitening effect and fastness properties obtained with the current optical bleaches on wash‐and‐wear cotton as compared with untreated cotton.
Estimation of skin content of peanut meals and relative skin pigment content of isolated proteins
Authors: Stansbury Mack F. , Hoffpauir Carroll L.
Published: May 2007

A method for estimating the skin content of peanut meals and relative skin pigment content of peanut proteins is described. The method is based on the fact that the pigments consist predominantly of a catechol tannin and related compounds which give a red product with characteristic absorption when heated with alcoholic hydrochloric acid.

Any residue of red skins imparts color to peanut meals and protein products derived from them. Since this color is objectionable to the use of these products for industrial purposes and may be an important consideration in the future use of extracted peanut meal in foods, the method was applied to meals containing known amounts of skins and to proteins of known processing history. The results obtained indicate that the method may be used to estimate the degree of skin removal in the preparation of peanut meals and also to evaluate proteins for skin pigment content.
Sodium salts of alkyl esters ofa‐sulfo fatty acids. Wetting, lime soap dispersion, and related properties
Authors: Stirton A. J. , Bistline R. G. , Weil J. K. , Ault Waldo C. , Maurer E. W.
Published: May 2007

A series of esters of the general formula RCH(SO3Na)‐CO2R′ of 14–19 carbon atoms prepared by the α‐sulfonation of propionic, butyric, pelargonic, lauric, myristic, palmitie, and stearic acids and esterification with normal primary alcohols were compared for critical micelle concentration, surface and interfacial tension, Ca++ stability, wetting properties, foam height, detergency, and lime soap dispersing properties. Comparison of position isomers showed that as the hydrophilic portion moved from the center toward either end, cmc and wetting efficiency decreased, surface and interfacial tension increased, and Ca++ stability and lime soap dispersing properties improved.

A coconut oil fatty acid forerun sulfonated with SO3 vapor and esterified with 2‐ethylhexanol gave a product with useful wetting properties in soft and hard water.
Component fatty acids of Indian shark liver oils
Authors: Pathak S. P. , Agarwal C. V. , Mathur S. S.
Published: May 2007

Two samples of the liver oil of an Indian species of shark (Galeocerdo rayneri), one from the Arabian Sea, and the other from the Bay of Bengal, have been studied. Their component acids are reported.

Tsujimoto's lithium salt acetone method has been adopted for the separation of highly unsaturated acid fraction from the mixed acids in one case while in the other the modified technique of Lovern has been followed. The insoluble acids have been further resolved into two fractions with the help of Hilditch's modified lead‐sal alcohol method. The efficient column (E.H.P.) of Longenecker has been employed for fractionation in the present work.

The liver oils are found to belong to the fourth group of Tsujimoto's classification of the Elasmobranch fish liver oils. Shark liver oil No. 1 contains 40.9% saturated acids (palmitic 24.9%, stearic 11.1%, also myristic 3.3%, and minor proportions of lauric, arachidic, and lignoceric) and 59.1% unsaturated acids (C16 is 11.2%, C18 19.6%, C20 and above 27.1%, also some C12 and C14 monoethenoids).

Shark liver oil No. 2 has the following composition: saturated acid 39.9% (palmitic 23.6%, stearic 14.5%, and myristic 1.5%, together with a minor amount of arachidic acid) and unsaturated acids 60.1% (mainly C16 10.9%, C18 23.3%, and C20 and above 25.7%; C14 acids are also present).

The abnormal saturated acid content is discussed. These analyses provide the third instance of this peculiar group of Elasmobranch liver oils.
The reaction of an autoxidized lipid with proteins
Authors: Andrews Fred , Bjorksten Johan , Trenk F. B. , Henick A. S. , Koch R. B.
Published: May 2007

Evidence is presented which indicates that an interaction occurs between proteins and an autoxidizing unsaturated lipid. Using a model system approach, it has been established that two purified proteins (gelatin and insulin) are chemically modified in the presence of an autoxidizing lipid, methyl linoleate.

The insulin‐methyl linoleate interaction has been studied chromatographically after acid and alkaline hydrolysis, and also by using the Sanger end group analysis method. The data indicate that lipid intermediates react with theॉ‐amino group of lysine, and also with phenylalanine and glycine, the N‐terminal amino groups of insulin.

Hydrogen fluoride solubility and enzyme hydrolysis determinations indicate that the autoxidation products of methyl linoleate interact with protein to produce new chemical entities through cross‐linking.
Flavor and oxidative stability of some linolenate‐containing oils
Authors: Moser Helen A. , Evans C. D. , Mustakas G. , Cowan J. C.
Published: May 2007

Because crambe, mustard seed, and rapeseed oils, like soybean oil, contain linolenate ester, they have been examined and compared with soybean oil for flavor stability after accelerated storage and after exposure to fluorescent light. Tests showed that the Cruciferae oils did have similar flavor characteristics and that the addition of citric acid did improve their stability. When exposed to light, the citric acid‐treated Cruciferae oils differed from soybean oil; they developed a rubbery flavor, whereas soybean oil developed a grassy flavor. Oxidative stability determined by the active oxygen method confirmed results of oven storage tests. This work supports the belief that if linolenic acid is present in an edible oil, it is a precursor to typical off‐flavor development.
A small laboratory model, wiped‐surface heat exchanger for chilling and texturating shortenings
Authors: Royce Harvey , Morgan P. W.
Published: May 2007

A miniature Votator type, wiped‐surface heat exchanger for chilling and texturating shortening has been described.

The package unit, mounted on a table about 2×4 ft. in dimensions, fitted with casters for mobility, needs only to be plugged into an electrical outlet for operation, operates at fat feed‐rates of 10 to 80 lbs. per hour, with an integrated 3/4 ton Freon refrigeration unit capable of holding the chilling unit to ±1°F, in the range −30°F, to +60°F., 4‐step pulley agitator drives on both chilling and texturating units giving 330 to 1170 r.p.m. speed range, aluminum alloy chilling and texturating units, fat and air Flowrators with needle valve control, free‐swinging wiper blades, and a few other minor features that lead to smooth operation.

The unit has been found useful in our laboratory to process various types of shortenings for research purposes, to supply special shortenings to prospective customers for evaluation, and to check the operation of the plant Votators.
Poisoning of nickel‐based catalysts in fat hydrogenation
Authors: Irandoust Said , Edvardsson Jonas
Published: May 2007

The influence of various poisoning compounds on the hydrogenation of fat is reviewed. Sulfur‐containing compounds, present in both vegetable and marine oils, create serious catalyst deactivation problems. In this paper, the poisoning efffect of sulfur and its role on the reactant adsorption in different hydrogenation reactions are discussed. Several factors affecting the sulfur resistance of the catalyst metal are summarized. Other inhibitors influencing the fat hydrogenation, such as phosphorus compounds, free fatty acids, sodium soaps, chlorophyll, halogen compounds and products of lipid oxidation, are also considered.
Identification of some previously unknown aldehydes in cooked chicken
Authors: Harkes P. D. , Begemann W. J.
Published: May 2007

Aldehydes present in a flavor concentrate, obtained from cooked chicken were separated and isolated by means of gas liquid chromatography. Subsequently, they were converted into their 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones and identified by thin layer chromatography on Kieselguhr G‐Carbowax 750 and Silica Gel G‐AgNO3and by analysis after partial hydrogenation. Finally, they were compared with model substances. Besides the aldehydes which had been found earlier in cooked chicken the following new aldehydes were identified: 3‐c‐nonenal; 4‐c‐decenal; 2‐t,4‐c,7‐c‐decatrienal; 2‐t,5‐c‐undecadienal; 2‐t‐dodecenal; 2‐t,4‐c‐dodecadienal; 2‐t,6‐c‐ and 2‐t,6‐t‐dodecadienal; 2‐t‐tridecenal; 2‐t,4‐c‐tridecadienal; 2‐t,4‐c,7‐c‐tridecatrienal; and 2‐t,4‐c‐tetradecadienal. Three of them, 4‐c‐decenal; 2‐t,6‐c‐dodecadienal; and 2‐t,4‐c,7‐c‐tridecatrienal are typical breakdown products of arachidonic acid, and to a major extent also 2‐t,5‐c‐undecadienal.
The reactions of 1,2‐dioctylcyclopropene with silver nitrate
Authors: Kircher Henry W.
Published: May 2007

Sterculene (1,2‐di‐n‐octylcyclopropene) reacts slowly with dilute solutions of silver nitrate in acetonitrile with formation of a silver mirror and production of 9‐methylene‐10‐octadecanone. The reaction is rapid in alcohols; finely‐divided silver is formed and sterculene is transformed into 9‐alkoxymethyl‐9‐octadecenes together with smaller amounts of the unsaturated ketone. In neither case is the silver formed in stoichiometric quantities. The reaction ofSterculia foetida oil methyl esters with alcoholic silver nitrate was used to demonstrate the possible application of this reaction to the determination of cyclopropene fatty acids.
Rigid polyurethane foams from diethanolamides of carboxylated oils and fatty acids
Authors: Khoe T. H. , Frankel E. N.
Published: May 2007

New polyols of high hydroxyl content and reactivity were made from linseed and soybean oils and acids by catalytic carboxylation followed by reaction with diethanolamine. Urethane foams made with these diethanolamides were stronger than those made with castor oil at equivalent polyol wt. Because of their higher hydroxyl content, a larger amount of diethanolamides could be incorporated in foam formulations than is possible with castor oil. The rigid urethane foams prepared with the new polyols meet the requirements of commercial products with respect to density, compressive strength, and dimensional stability.
Reactions of conjugated fatty acids. VIII. Dibasic acids by hydrogenation and oxidative cleavage
Authors: Scholfield C. R. , Jones E. P. , Stolp J. A. , Cowan J. C.
Published: May 2007

Conjugated linoleic acid can be hydrogenated as sodium soap in an aqueous or ethylene glycol solution with commercial nickel catalysts. Under suitable conditions the acid is reduced predominantly to monounsaturated acids with only a slight increase in saturated acids. An alkali‐conjugation reaction mixture may be hydrogenated without isolating the conjugated acids. One set of conditions found suitable for hydrogenation is as follows: 10 g. of conjugated linoleic acid, 7 g. of sodium hydroxide, 250 ml. of water, and 0.05 g. of nickel placed under 40 p.s.i. hydrogen pressure and heated at 140°C. for 1 hour. Acids prepared from this reaction mixture have an iodine value of about 90. Oxidation and chromatographic analyses of the resultant dibasic acids indicate that with alkali‐conjugated linoleic acid, 1,2, 1,4, and 3,4 addition of hydrogen take place with equal ease. The reduced acids contain 66%trans acids. Withtrans,trans conjugated linoleic acid, 1,4 addition takes place to a greater extent that 1,2 and 3,4 addition, and the reduced acids are allrans.
Thin‐layer chromatography of brain phospholipids
Authors: Horrocks L. A.
Published: May 2007

Thin‐layer chromatography systems are described for separation of most tissue phospholipids and sphingolipids. Acidic lipids such as phosphatidyl serine and cerebroside sulfate are resolved without streaking on several types of modified silica gel.
Keeping properties of edible oils—Part I. The use of accelerated tests for assessment of the keeping properties of oils and the value of antioxidants
Authors: Paul S. , Roylance A.
Published: May 2007

Assessment of oil quality by two accelerated oxidation tests gave little or no correlation with organoleptic asessment during storage. Improvements in quality of oils refined in the factory, to which antioxidants had been added, are indicated by the accelerated tests but are not reproduced in normal storage. Howver a treatment of the oils with alumina, as a part of the refining process replacing earth bleaching, appears to remove antagonistic factors, and under these circumstances the addition of antioxidant has a pronounced effect.