bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of the Cl-/HCO3-Exchanger Pendrin in Kidneys of Mice with Cystic Fibrosis: Role in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Alkalosis
Authors: Varasteh Kia Mujan , Barone Sharon , McDonough Alicia A. , Zahedi Kamyar , Xu Jie , Soleimani Manoocher
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to the development of metabolic alkalosis; however, the pathogenesis of this life threatening derangement remains unknown. We hypothesized that altered acid base transport machinery in the kidney collecting duct underlies the mechanism of impaired bicarbonate elimination in the CF kidney. Methods: Balance studies in metabolic cages were performed in WT and CFTR knockout (CF) mice with the intestinal rescue in response to bicarbonate loading or salt restriction, and the expression levels and cellular distribution of acid base and electrolyte transporters in the proximal tubule, collecting duct and small intestine were examined by western blots, northern blots and/or immunofluorescence labeling. Results: Baseline parameters, including acid-base and systemic vascular volume status were comparable in WT and CF mice, as determined by blood gas, kidney renin expression and urine chloride excretion. Compared with WT animals, CF mice demonstrated a significantly higher serum HCO3- concentration (22.63 in WT vs. 26.83 mEq/l in CF mice; n=4, p=0.013) and serum pH (7.33 in WT vs. 7.42 in CF mice; n=4, p=0.00792) and exhibited impaired kidney HCO3- excretion (urine pH 8.10 in WT vs. 7.35 in CF mice; n=7, p=0.00990) following a 3-day oral bicarbonate load. When subjected to salt restriction, CF mice developed a significantly higher serum HCO3- concentration vs. WT animals (29.26 mEq/L in CF mice vs. 26.72 in WT; n=5, p=0.0291). Immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated a profound reduction in the apical expression of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin in cortical collecting duct cells and western and northern blots indicated diminished plasma membrane abundance and mRNA expression of pendrin in CF kidneys. Conclusions: We propose that patients with cystic fibrosis are prone to the development of metabolic alkalosis secondary to the inactivation of the bicarbonate secreting transporter pendrin, specifically during volume depletion, which is a common occurrence in CF patients.
Records of new larval host plants of some common butterflies of Bangladesh
Authors: Shihan Tahsinur Rahman
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the record of Clausena heptaphylla (Roxburgh) Wright & Arn. (Rutaceae) as a new larval host plant for Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758 and Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Papilionidae).  Ravenia spectabilis Engl. (Rutaceae) for Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Papilionidae). Hemigraphis hirta (Vahl) T. Anders. (Acanthaceae) is the new recorded host for Junonia almana (Linnaeus, 1758) and Junonia lemonis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae) from Chuadanga, Bangladesh.
A record of Blue Posy Drupadia scaeva cyara (Hewitson, 1878) (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Theclini) from Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Das Gaurab Nandi , Gayen Subrata , Jaiswal Rohit Kumar
Published: February 2018

The present paper reports recent sightings of Drupadia scaeva cyara (Hewitson, 1878) for the first time in Arunachal Pradesh. It was previously known from Darjeeling and Sikkim. This current record confirms its distribution from Arunachal Pradesh and adds a species record to the existing butterfly fauna of India after 83 years.
Vascular plant assemblage of cliffs in northern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Datar Mandar N. , Watve Aparna V.
Published: February 2018

Vertical rocky cliffs, which consist of various types of rock, are widespread all over the world.  India’s northern Western Ghats consisting of basaltic rocks form probably the largest cliff ecosystem globally, however, almost no studies are available concerning their floristic richness.  In an attempt to understand the vascular plant assemblage of this habitat, cliffs of the northern Western Ghats were surveyed for their microhabitats, species diversity, distribution of endemics, occurrence of particular adaptive traits and potential threats.  A total of 102 species of vascular plants were documented from the cliff habitats of which 55 are endemic. Flowering of the species on cliffs is triggered by the advent of the south-west monsoon and peak flowering is seen between August and October.  Of the total species, 27 grow exclusively on cliffs. Owing to habitat specificity, cliffs show a greater number of narrow endemic and threatened species when compared with other habitats like deciduous, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, which are widespread in the northern Western Ghats.  Unfortunately, this habitat faces threats in the form of landslides, periodic burning and habitat loss due to road-widening.
A taxonomic study on trachypenaeid prawns with special reference to Indian records
Authors: Chanda Angsuman
Published: February 2018

Burkenroad created two subgenera of the genus Trachypenaeus viz., Trachypenaeus (Trachypenaeus) and Trachypenaeus (Trachysalambria) in 1934.  These two subgenera were raised to the status of genus by Pérez Farfante and Kensley and simultaneously created two new genera for the group namely Megokris and Rimapenaeus.  As such the trachypenaeid group of penaeid prawns consists of four valid genera namely Trachypenaeus, Trachysalambria, Megokris and Rimapenaeus.  During the present study genus Megokris is being synonymised under its original genus Trachypenaeus.  Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to propose a revision to the trachypenaeid group of penaeid prawn and to prepare a comprehensive document for the group recorded from Indian water.  The study area represents genus Trachysalambria and Megokris with three species under each genus.
Non-Inverse J - shaped population distribution: Peculiarity of Red Sanders forests
Authors: Ramanan S. Suresh , Kunhamu T. K.
Published: February 2018

Response to the published article "A study on the density, population structure and regeneration of Red Sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) (Fabales: Fabaceae) in a protected natural habitat of Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India" by Ankalaiah et al. 2017.
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Systems of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: McCarthy James J. , Carr Brendan , Sasson Comilla , Bobrow Bentley J. , Callaway Clifton W. , Neumar Robert W. , Ferrer Jose Maria E. , Garvey J. Lee , Ornato Joseph P. , Gonzales Louis , Granger Christopher B. , Kleinman Monica E. , Bjerke Chris , Nichol Graham ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation; and the Mission: Lifeline Resuscitation Subcommittee
Published: February 2018

The American Heart Association previously recommended implementation of cardiac resuscitation systems of care that consist of interconnected community, emergency medical services, and hospital efforts to measure and improve the process of care and outcome for patients with cardiac arrest. In addition, the American Heart Association proposed a national process to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for cardiac resuscitation systems of care. Significant experience has been gained with implementing these systems, and new evidence has accumulated. This update describes recent advances in the science of cardiac resuscitation systems and evidence of their effectiveness, as well as recent progress in dissemination and implementation throughout the United States. Emphasis is placed on evidence published since the original recommendations (ie, including and since 2010).
Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile
Authors: Sofi Francesco , Dinu Monica , Pagliai Giuditta , Cesari Francesca , Gori Anna Maria , Sereni Alice , Becatti Matteo , Fiorillo Claudia , Marcucci Rossella , Casini Alessandro
Published: February 2018

Background:

Only a few randomized dietary intervention studies that investigated the effects of lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (V
d
) in clinically healthy omnivorous subjects are available.

Methods:

We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie V
d
compared with a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MD), each lasting 3 months, with a crossover design. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight, body mass index, and fat mass changes between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in circulating cardiovascular disease risk parameters changes between the 2 groups.

Results:

One hundred eighteen subjects (mean age: 51.1 years, females: 78%) were enrolled. The total participation rate at the end of the study was 84.7%. No differences between the 2 diets in body weight were observed, as reported by similar and significant reductions obtained by both V
d
(−1.88 kg) and MD (−1.77 kg). Similar results were observed for body mass index and fat mass. In contrast, significant differences between the 2 interventions were obtained for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin B
12
levels. The difference between the V
d
and MD groups, in terms of end-of-diet values, was recorded at 9.10 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (
P
=0.01), 12.70 mg/dL for triglycerides (
P
<0.01), and 32.32 pg/mL for vitamin B
12
(
P
<0.01). Finally, no significant difference was found between V
d
and MD interventions in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin-17, which improved only in the MD group. Forty-six participants during the V
d
period and 35 during the MD period reached the target values for ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor.

Conclusions:

Both V
d
and MD were effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and fat mass, with no significant differences between them. However, V
d
was more effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, whereas MD led to a greater reduction in triglyceride levels.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02641834.
2017 Cardiovascular and Stroke Endpoint Definitions for Clinical Trials
Authors: Hicks Karen A. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Mehran Roxana , Nissen Steven E. , Wiviott Stephen D. , Dunn Billy , Solomon Scott D. , Marler John R. , Teerlink John R. , Farb Andrew , Morrow David A. , Targum Shari L. , Sila Cathy A. , Hai Mary T. Thanh , Jaff Michael R. , Joffe Hylton V. , Cutlip Donald E. , Desai Akshay S. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Gibson C. Michael , Landray Martin J. , Lincoff A. Michael , White Christopher J. , Brooks Steven S. , Rosenfield Kenneth , Domanski Michael J. , Lansky Alexandra J. , McMurray John J.V. , Tcheng James E. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Burton Paul , Mauri Laura , O’Connor Christopher M. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Hung H.M. James , Stockbridge Norman L. , Chaitman Bernard R. , Temple Robert J.
Published: February 2018

This publication describes uniform definitions for cardiovascular and stroke outcomes developed by the Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA established the Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative in 2009 to simplify the design and conduct of clinical trials intended to support marketing applications. The writing committee recognizes that these definitions may be used in other types of clinical trials and clinical care processes where appropriate. Use of these definitions at the FDA has enhanced the ability to aggregate data within and across medical product development programs, conduct meta-analyses to evaluate cardiovascular safety, integrate data from multiple trials, and compare effectiveness of drugs and devices. Further study is needed to determine whether prospective data collection using these common definitions improves the design, conduct, and interpretability of the results of clinical trials.
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals a Monogenic Cause of Disease in ≈43% of 35 Families With Midaortic Syndrome
Authors: Warejko Jillian K. , Schueler Markus , Vivante Asaf , Tan Weizhen , Daga Ankana , Lawson Jennifer A. , Braun Daniela A. , Shril Shirlee , Amann Kassaundra , Somers Michael J.G. , Rodig Nancy M. , Baum Michelle A. , Daouk Ghaleb , Traum Avram Z. , Kim Heung Bae , Vakili Khashayar , Porras Diego , Lock James , Rivkin Michael J. , Chaudry Gulraiz , Smoot Leslie B. , Singh Michael N. , Smith Edward R. , Mane Shrikant M. , Lifton Richard P. , Stein Deborah R. , Ferguson Michael A. , Hildebrandt Friedhelm
Published: February 2018

Midaortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare cause of severe childhood hypertension characterized by narrowing of the abdominal aorta in children and is associated with extensive vascular disease. It may occur as part of a genetic syndrome, such as neurofibromatosis, or as consequence of a pathological inflammatory disease. However, most cases are considered idiopathic. We hypothesized that in a high percentage of these patients, a monogenic cause of disease may be detected by evaluating whole exome sequencing data for mutations in 1 of 38 candidate genes previously described to cause vasculopathy. We studied a cohort of 36 individuals from 35 different families with MAS by exome sequencing. In 15 of 35 families (42.9%), we detected likely causal dominant mutations. In 15 of 35 (42.9%) families with MAS, whole exome sequencing revealed a mutation in one of the genes previously associated with vascular disease (
NF1
,
JAG1
,
ELN
,
GATA6
, and
RNF213
). Ten of the 15 mutations have not previously been reported. This is the first report of
ELN
,
RNF213
, or
GATA6
mutations in individuals with MAS. Mutations were detected in
NF1
(6/15 families),
JAG1
(4/15 families),
ELN
(3/15 families), and one family each for
GATA6
and
RNF213
. Eight individuals had syndromic disease and 7 individuals had isolated MAS. Whole exome sequencing can provide conclusive molecular genetic diagnosis in a high fraction of individuals with syndromic or isolated MAS. Establishing an etiologic diagnosis may reveal genotype/phenotype correlations for MAS in the future and should, therefore, be performed routinely in MAS.
Circulating Concentrations of Redox Biomarkers Do Not Improve the Prediction of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cournot Maxime , Burillo Elena , Saulnier Pierre‐Jean , Planesse Cynthia , Gand Elise , Rehman Michaela , Ragot Stéphanie , Rondeau Philippe , Catan Aurélie , Gonthier Marie‐Paule , Feigerlova Eva , Meilhac Olivier , Hadjadj Samy
Published: February 2018

Background

Despite pathophysiological relevance and promising experimental data, the usefulness of biomarkers of oxidative stress for cardiac risk prediction is unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic value of 6 biomarkers exploring different pathways of oxidative stress for predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond established risk factors.

Methods and Results

The
SURDIAGENE
(Survie, Diabete de type 2 et Genetique) prospective cohort study consecutively recruited 1468 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Assays were performed at baseline, and incident cases of major adverse cardiovascular events (
MACE
)—first occurrence of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke—were recorded during a median of 64 months. Advanced oxidation protein products, oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay, ischemia‐modified albumin, and total reductive capacity of plasma were not associated with the risk of
MACE
in univariate analyses. Fluorescent advanced glycation end products and carbonyls were associated with
MACE
(hazard ratio=1.38 per
SD
, 95% confidence interval 1.24‐1.54,
P
<0.001 and hazard ratio=1.15 per
SD
, 95% confidence interval 1.04‐1.27,
P
=0.006, respectively) in univariate analysis, but when added to a multivariate predictive model including traditional risk factors for
MACE
, these markers did not significantly improve c‐statistics or integrated discrimination index of the model.

Conclusions

These plasma concentrations of 6 markers, which cover a broad spectrum of oxidative processes, were not significantly associated with
MACE
occurrence and were not able to improve
MACE
risk discrimination and classification beyond classical risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Kidney Mass Reduction Leads to
l
‐Arginine Metabolism‐Dependent Blood Pressure Increase in Mice
Authors: Pillai Samyuktha Muralidharan , Seebeck Petra , Fingerhut Ralph , Huang Ji , Ming Xiu‐Fen , Yang Zhihong , Verrey François
Published: February 2018

Background

Uninephrectomy (UNX) is performed for various reasons, including kidney cancer or donation. Kidneys being the main site of
l
‐arginine production in the body, we tested whether UNX mediated kidney mass reduction impacts
l
‐arginine metabolism and thereby nitric oxide production and blood pressure regulation in mice.

Methods and Results

In a first series of experiments, we observed a significant increase in arterial blood pressure 8 days post‐UNX in female and not in male mice. Further experimental series were performed in female mice, and the blood pressure increase was confirmed by telemetry.
l
‐citrulline, that is used in the kidney to produce
l
‐arginine, was elevated post‐UNX as was also asymmetric dimethylarginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase that competes with
l
‐arginine and is a marker for renal failure. Interestingly, the UNX‐induced blood pressure increase was prevented by supplementation of the diet with 5% of the
l
‐arginine precursor,
l
‐citrulline. Because
l
‐arginine is metabolized in the kidney and other peripheral tissues by arginase‐2, we tested whether the lack of this metabolic pathway also compensates for decreased
l
‐arginine production in the kidney and/or for local nitric oxide synthase inhibition and consecutive blood pressure increase. Indeed, upon uninephrectomy, arginase‐2 knockout mice (Arg‐2
−/−
) neither displayed an increase in asymmetric dimethylarginine and
l
‐citrulline plasma levels nor a significant increase in blood pressure.

Conclusions

UNX leads to a small increase in blood pressure that is prevented by
l
‐citrulline supplementation or arginase deficiency, 2 measures that appear to compensate for the impact of kidney mass reduction on
l
‐arginine metabolism.
Network of MicroRNAs Mediate Translational Repression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor‐2: Involvement in HIV‐Associated Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Chinnappan Mahendran , Mohan Aradhana , Agarwal Stuti , Dalvi Pranjali , Dhillon Navneet K.
Published: February 2018

Background

Earlier, we reported that the simultaneous exposure of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells to
HIV
proteins and cocaine results in the attenuation of antiproliferative bone morphogenetic protein receptor‐2 (
BMPR
2) protein expression without any decrease in its
mRNA
levels. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the micro
RNA
‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation of
BMPR
2 expression.

Methods and Results

We identified a network of
BMPR
2 targeting micro
RNA
s including miR‐216a to be upregulated in response to cocaine and Tat‐mediated augmentation of oxidative stress and transforming growth factor‐β signaling in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. By using a loss or gain of function studies, we observed that these upregulated micro
RNA
s are involved in the Tat‐ and cocaine‐mediated smooth muscle hyperplasia via regulation of
BMPR
2 protein expression. These in vitro findings were further corroborated using rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from
HIV
transgenic rats exposed to cocaine. More importantly, luciferase reporter and in vitro translation assays demonstrated that direct binding of novel miR‐216a and miR‐301a to 3′
UTR
of
BMPR
2 results in the translational repression of
BMPR
2 without any degradation of its
mRNA
.

Conclusions

We identified for the first time miR‐216a as a negative modulator of
BMPR
2 translation and observed it to be involved in
HIV
protein(s) and cocaine‐mediated enhanced proliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cells.
Reproducing the White Bourgeois: The Sitting-Room Drama of Marina Abramović
Authors: Skimin Eleanor
Published: February 2018

In the late-19th-century Euro-American theatre of domestic realism, the tête-à-tête on the sitting room set was the signature convention for the staging of intimate relational exchange. Since the 1980s Marina Abramović has been reproducing this sedentary bodily arrangement in much of her work. While Abramović has sought to position her performance art in counterpoint to white bourgeois theatre, her sedentary dramas are haunted by the ghosts of this seemingly unrelated genealogy of performance.
Performing the “Foreign Maid” in the Global Market
Authors: Ortuzar Jimena
Published: February 2018

YouTube videos of migrant domestic workers made by private recruitment agencies reproduce Southeast Asian women as transnational subjects whose mobility across borders is largely dependent on their performance of the ideal “foreign maid” — a figure that has become central to the maintenance of middle-class lifestyles in global cities across Asia and beyond.
How Do You Play Bones?: Pia Lindman’s A Kalevala Duo, Playing Bones
Authors: Hinderliter Beth
Published: February 2018

Part of FinnFest 2015, Pia Lindman’s A Kalevala Duo, Playing Bones rubbed the history of Kalevala bone-setting against the grain by putting this otherwise private healing practice on a public stage at Kleinhans Music Hall in Buffalo, New York.
Synopsis of Senecio series Culcitium (Asteraceae: Senecioneae, Senecioninae) in the Andean region of South America
Authors: SALOMÓN LUCIANA , SKLENÁŘ PETR , FREIRE SUSANA E.
Published: February 2018

Based on a detailed study of morphology and a critical analysis of species limits, we present a synopsis of Senecio ser. Culcitium from Andean South America. In this synopsis, Senecio ser. Culcitium is circumscribed including Aetheolaena and Lasiocephalus, two genera which are nested within Senecio. Forty three species are recognized in S. ser. Culcitium that are either rosette or scapiform herbs or subshrubs (sometimes scandent) bearing usually entire leaves, discoid and nodding capitula usually with conspicuous calycular bracts, penicillate style arms with or without a tuft of long hairs, and microechinate pollen. The new combination Senecio hyoseridis is proposed. The following names are proposed as synonyms: Senecio comosus var. debilis and S. comosus var. blancus with S. comosus; Senecio cuencanus var. tomentella with S. cuencanus; Senecio decolor, S. iscoensis and S. rosanus with Senecio antisanae, Senecio eliseae with S. rhizomatus; Senecio hypsobates var. parvulus with S. hypsobates; Senecio mochensis with S. pindilicensis; Senecio modestus with S. candollei; Senecio neeanus and S. haenkeanus with S. nivalis; Senecio quitensis with S. superandinus; Senecio santanderensis with S. cocuyanus; Senecio yacuanquensis with S. otophorus; Senecio zoellneri with S. keshua. Ten species previously placed in Senecio ser. Culcitium, i.e., S. aspleniifolius, S. candidans, S. comosus, S. diemii, S. gilliesii, S. jarae, S. julianus, S. magellanicus S. martinensis and S. stylotrichus, are excluded. Two of them, Senecio gilliesii and S. candidans are placed within Senecio ser. Hualtatini mainly by their herbaceous habit, stems usually leafy up to the apex, and erect capitula. Senecio jarae and S. aspleniifolius are placed in a new series based on the previously described Senecio sect. Repentes because of their solitary erect capitula and entire or deeply lobed leaves. Lectotypes are designated for 13 names. Additionally, 11 new illustrations, distribution maps, and identification keys are presented.
Validation of the name Pleurothallis marioi (Zambrano et al. in Phytotaxa 308: 81)
Authors: ZAMBRANO ROMERO BOSCO JAVIER , SOLANO RODOLFO , WILSON MARK
Published: February 2018

Pleurothallis marioi was described in Phytotaxa as a new species on 2 June 2017 (Zambrano et al. 2017: 81). However, this name was invalid according to Article 40 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2012), because the protologue was ambiguous in specifying the holotype; whether it was the material in spirit, or a cultivated material that would be unsuitable as a holotype according to Article 40 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012).      Since all other requirements of the Melbourne Code have been fulfilled, here we provide a new, unambiguous holotype assignment in order to validate this species name P. marioi Zambrano et al. (2017: 81).
Analysis of some morphological characters of Elzunia Bryk, 1937 (Nymphalidae: Danainae: Ithomiini) results in a revised classification
Authors: CROM JEAN FRANÇOIS LE , ÁVALOS-HERNÁNDEZ OMAR , WINHARD WALTER , ANDRADE-C. M. GONZALO , LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS JORGE
Published: February 2018

We propose a revised classification for the genus Elzunia Bryk, 1937, with four species and 20 subspecies. We describe two new subspecies, Elzunia humboldt carlosi Le Crom and Llorente, ssp. nov., and Elzunia humboldt willmotti Le Crom, Llorente and Andrade, ssp. nov. We recognize five additional unnamed subspecies but do not describe them because they are represented by too little material. A detailed examination of 854 specimens from 31 collections allowed us to define 24 stable phenotypes and delimit their geographic distribution. We present a diagnosis and description for each taxon and provide images of the wing coloration pattern and male genitalia, and a distribution map. We also present a key for all the species and subspecies. We conducted a multivariate statistical analysis of measurements of the discal cell (DC) veins, and with this we explore the species groupings by these characters. Lastly, we discuss mimetic interactions of this genus with species of other Ithomiini and Heliconiinae.
A new species of nurse-frog (Aromobatidae, Allobates) from the Juami River basin, northwestern Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: SIMÕES PEDRO IVO , GAGLIARDI-URRUTIA GIUSSEPE , ROJAS-RUNJAIC FERNANDO J. M. , CASTROVIEJO-FISHER SANTIAGO
Published: February 2018

We describe a new species of nurse-frog (Aromobatidae, Allobates) from northwestern Brazilian Amazon. Allobates juami sp. nov. is distinguished from similar congeneric species by the combination of the following characters: body-size range (snout-to-vent length 17.5–18.5 mm), lack of dark pigments on ventral surfaces of male specimens, dorsal color pattern (predominantly solid dark brown, but conspicuously light brown over snout and urostyle regions), presence of conspicuous pale dorsolateral and ventrolateral stripes, and presence of a diffuse pale paracloacal mark. The advertisement call of the new species lasts 2.5–5.1 s, contains 60–73 short notes (trills), and is emitted at an average rate of 13 notes per second within trills. Duration of silent intervals between notes ranges between 0.020–0.050 s, and the peak frequency of notes ranges from 4.59 to 5.47 kHz. The new species is currently known only from the type locality at Estação Ecológica Juami-Japurá (1.96455° S, 67.93579° W; ~ 87 m a.s.l.).
Five new species of Cleruchus from the Oriental region and report of Anaphes quinquearticulatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India
Authors: MANICKAVASAGAM SAGADAI , TRIAPITSYN SERGUEI V. , PALANIVEL SELVARAJ
Published: February 2018

An overview of the Oriental species of Cleruchus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is given, and its five newly described species as well as one undescribed species from Malaysia are keyed. The described new taxa are C. funiculatus Manickavasagam & Palanivel sp. n., C. indicus Manickavasagam & Palanivel sp. n. and C. orientalis Manickavasagam & Palanivel sp. n., all from India, C. blimp Triapitsyn sp. n. from Brunei, and C. pmilb Triapitsyn sp. n. from Thailand. Anaphes quinquearticulatus Huber & Triapitsyn is newly reported from India.
The Changing Effectiveness of Local Civic Action: The Critical Nexus of Community and Organization
Authors: Longhofer Wesley , Negro Giacomo , Roberts Peter W.
Published: February 2018

We examine changes in the effectiveness of local civic action in relation to changes over time in racial diversity and income inequality. Local civic action comprises situations in which community members come together—typically with support from local organizations—to address common issues. The collective orientation of local civic action makes it sensitive to changes in local social conditions. As these changes unfold, local organizations become differentially able to support civic action. Here, our core argument features the process through which community members associate with different local organizations and how mandated versus voluntary association results in distinct responses to increased social and economic heterogeneity. We test this argument using three decades of data describing local campaigns of the annual Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF program. A baseline model shows that within-county increases in racial diversity and income inequality are associated with diminished campaign effectiveness. Subsequent models that separate out campaigns organized by schools, churches, and clubs show that schools are relatively more effective mobilizers as racial diversity and income inequality increase, arguably due to the greater demographic matching that is induced by mandated school participation.
A bittersweet relationship: What does it mean to be the caregiver of a patient with bipolar disorder?
Authors: Vargas-Huicochea Ingrid , Berenzon Shoshana , Rascón María Luisa , Ramos Luciana
Published: February 2018

Background:

As with most of the chronic illnesses, the changes and consequences brought on by bipolar disorder (BD) are not exclusive to the patient and often spread to those around them, especially for direct caregivers of these patients. It is known that there is a significant emotional and physical toll among persons who coexist daily with those who suffer from this disorder.

Objective:

Aware of the importance of the role played by informal caregivers (especially the family) in the stability and evolution of patients with bipolar disorder, this study seeks to explore the perception that family members responsible for bipolar persons have of themselves as caregivers of these patients.

Method:

This is a qualitative study using a phenomenological design, for which the technique of focused or semi-structured interviews was employed. Ten caregivers of people with diagnosis of BD agreed to participate.

Results:

Within the family, it is a single individual who has the role of caregiver. Experiences and meanings that are generated into the nucleus of the patient–caregiver relationship are full of ambivalence and involve many aspects worthy of analysing, such as the development of identities, the feminization of patient care, the process of therapeutic decision-making and the evolution of the disease.

Conclusions:

It is necessary to integrate evaluation and attention for patients’ caregivers, recognizing them as individuals and elucidating their constructed meanings and the dynamics established in their relationship with patients. In this way, there would be a more integrative clinical approach of the patient–caregiver relationship, considering not only the necessary pharmacological treatments but also accompanying both patient and family, along the path they travel as they experience BD.
Affinity spaces: How young people live and learn on line and out of school
Authors: Gee James Paul
Published: February 2018

In the digital age, young people’s most powerful learning opportunities often occur online, in experiences and environments created by people working outside of the K-12 school system. In a sense, the internet has given new life to an older, less formal approach to education, in which individuals seek out and learn from others who share their interests. While schools remain critically important, teachers need to understand that more and more of their students are looking elsewhere to develop their knowledge and skills.
Deep rivers of learning
Authors: Claxton Guy
Published: February 2018

It’s all too easy for teachers to focus on building students’ knowledge and skills without paying attention to the mental habits that students need to be effective learners. Guy Claxton discusses the need for teachers to design their instruction in a way that promotes resilience, curiosity, independence, and a positive disposition toward learning.
Building trust, elevating voices, and sharing power in family partnership
Authors: Davidson Kristen , Case Madeleine
Published: February 2018

Research has shown that traditional ways of promoting family involvement in school are often ineffective, especially among families whose approach does not align with the middle-class child-rearing practices embraced in many U.S. schools. To encourage greater family involvement, a Colorado school district is piloting a program in which educators and families partner to build relationships and make decisions together. By elevating the voices of marginalized families, school leaders hope to strengthen the bonds between families and schools, to the benefit of the students.
In praise of assessment (done right)
Authors: Marshall Kim
Published: February 2018

High-stakes testing gets a lot of criticism, for good reason. But, when done right, assessment can be a valuable tool for educators and students. Kim Marshall describes how different types of assessments can improve learning by revealing learning problems in real time, improving student retention through the “retrieval effect,” and enabling teachers to leverage peer instruction. They can also be used to promote a growth mindset by giving students ways to see and monitor their own progress. Conversation with schools will more easily shift to learning results and prevent knowledge and skill gaps as teachers collaborate around assessment results and school leaders become more aware of where students are.
Making mentoring work
Authors: Weisling Nina F. , Gardiner Wendy
Published: February 2018

Research has established that teacher-mentoring programs can have a beneficial effect on new-teacher performance and retention. However, too often, mentoring programs don’t live up to their potential. This article presents four research-based strategies that improve mentoring programs’ prospects for success. By setting clear expectations, getting mentors into the classroom, mentoring the mentors, and focusing on relationships, school leaders can help new teachers receive the support they need.
Under the Law
Authors: Underwood Julie
Published: February 2018

Policies requiring students to wear uniforms may face fewer legal pitfalls than school dress codes. Julie Underwood explains that when schools implement dress codes, they must show that specific modes of dress are disruptive, lewd, or promoting of illegal activity. Content-neutral school uniform policies, however, do not have to meet the same legal standard.
Introduction: Making Places, Shaping Cities—Narrating Spatial History in Three American Cities
Authors: Klingle Matthew
Published: February 2018

Powerful computing technologies and theoretical advances have empowered historians to follow the spatial turn in their work. Yet despite new technological and conceptual innovations, narrating spatial histories remains an ongoing challenge. The authors of three essays in this section apply spatial analysis in their narratives of politics, culture, and environmental change within three iconic U.S. cities—New York City, San Francisco, and Pittsburgh—from the eighteenth century to the late-twentieth century.
Always bad for creativity? An affect-based model of job insecurity and the moderating effects of giving support and receiving support
Authors: Teng Eryue , Zhang Li , Qiu Yang
Published: February 2018

Drawing on an overarching framework of transactional stress theory, in this article the authors develop and test a theoretical model specifying the affect-based relationships between job insecurity and employee creativity, as well as the buffering role of giving support and receiving support in the affective processes. Results from a sample of 569 employees showed that job insecurity had offsetting indirect links with employee creativity through attentiveness and irritation. Both giving support and receiving support reduce the negative effect of job insecurity on employee creativity because they both weaken the negative link between job insecurity and irritation. It was also found that receiving support enhanced the positive relationship between job insecurity and attentiveness. Implications of the results to theory and practice are discussed.
The relationship between psychological contract breach and counterproductive work behavior in social enterprises: Do paid employees and volunteers differ?
Authors: Griep Yannick , Vantilborgh Tim , Jones Samantha K
Published: February 2018

Scholars agree that counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is instigated by psychological contract breach and feelings of violation. This article focuses on the mediating role of feelings of violation (a mixture of negative emotions) in the relationship between psychological contract breach and CWB, and assesses whether volunteers and paid employees experience a similar chain of events. The study uses Mplus 7 to estimate a moderated mediation model with bootstrapping. The results indicate that both paid employees and volunteers (1) experience feelings of violation when perceiving psychological contract breach, and (2) engage in CWB targeted to the organization (CWB-O) when experiencing feelings of violation. However, these relationships were not significantly different when comparing paid employees and volunteers. It is hence concluded that a similar chain of cognitions and emotions explains why volunteers and paid employees engage in CWB-O. In unraveling this sequence, possibilities for targeted interventions are suggested.
Dispensing Naloxone Without a Prescription: Survey Evaluation of Ohio Pharmacists
Authors: Thompson Erin L. , Rao P. S. S. , Hayes Christopher , Purtill Catherine
Published: February 2018

Background:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports a 200% escalation in the rate of opioid overdose deaths in the United States. Unfortunately, Ohio has been deemed the epicenter of the nation’s opioid epidemic. In 2015, Ohio passed a bill that permits a pharmacist to distribute naloxone without a prescription.

Objectives:

This survey was aimed to discover pharmacists’ knowledge of naloxone and Ohio law, perceived barriers that may prohibit naloxone dispensing, and Ohio pharmacists’ general confidence, comfort, perception, and experience dispensing naloxone per physician protocol.

Methods:

Pharmacists’ knowledge of naloxone and Ohio law pertaining to dispensing naloxone; perceived barriers to naloxone distribution; and overall experience, willingness, comfort, and perceptions of personally supplying naloxone were assessed using multiple-choice and Likert-type scale questions through an e-mail survey.

Results:

Overall, Ohio pharmacists were knowledgeable about naloxone and displayed confidence in their training and ability to provide patient education on naloxone. Pharmacists were less certain about Ohio law pertaining to naloxone distribution, especially those who have been in practice longer. Pharmacists indicated several barriers to dispensing naloxone and the need for more training. Younger pharmacists were more likely to report a concern with clientele who would frequent their pharmacy and moral and ethical concerns as barriers to dispensing naloxone.

Conclusion:

Additional educational programs should be delivered to Ohio pharmacists to inform them of the state law and policies. Continuing education programs that review substance abuse and attempt to reduce social stigma may assist with increasing naloxone distribution to those in need, especially, if directed toward younger pharmacists in Ohio.
Do Social Enterprises Discriminate Less Than For-Profit Organizations? The Influence of Sector and Diversity Policies on Managers’ Prejudice Toward Immigrants
Authors: Brolis Olivier , Courtois Marie , Herman Ginette , Nyssens Marthe
Published: February 2018

During the past 15 years, discrimination in work settings has become an increasing problem. The social enterprise (SE) and nonprofit literature suggests that these organizations discriminate against workers less frequently than for-profit organizations (FPOs). In the field of social psychology, it has been assumed that a multicultural approach to managing diversity would improve relationships among workers with different ethnic or cultural origins. This study examines the relationships between managers’ attitudes toward immigrants and the organization’s characteristics, namely, organizational multiculturalism, the organization’s sector (FPO or SE), and organization’s mission (i.e., work integration, home care services, and profit making). The survey was conducted among managers of organizations involved in the Belgian service voucher system. The results indicate that managers in work integration SEs are less prejudiced than managers in FPOs and home care services organizations, and that the more the workforce diversity is managed through a multicultural approach, the less prejudiced managers are.
Mining location information from life- and earth-sciences studies to facilitate knowledge discovery
Authors: Karl Jason W.
Published: February 2018

Location information in published studies represents an untapped resource for literature discovery, applicable to a range of domains. The ability to easily discover scientific articles from specific places, nearby locales, or similar (but geographically separate) areas worldwide is important for advancing science and addressing global sustainability challenges. However, the thematic and not geographic nature of current search tools makes location-based searches challenging and inefficient. Manually geolocating studies is labor intensive, and place-name recognition algorithms have performed poorly due to prevalence of irrelevant place names in scientific articles. These challenges have hindered past efforts to create map-based literature search tools. Thus, automated approaches are needed to sustain article georeferencing efforts. Common pattern-matching algorithms (parsers) can be used to identify and extract geographic coordinates from the text of published articles. Pattern-matching algorithms (geoparsers) were developed using regular expressions and lexical parsing and tested their performance against sets of full-text articles from multiple journals that were manually scanned for coordinates. Both geoparsers performed well at recognizing and extracting coordinates from articles with accuracy ranging from 85.1% to 100%, and the lexical geoparser performing marginally better. Omission errors (i.e. missed coordinates) were 0% to 14.9% for the regular expression geoparser and 0% to 10.3% for the lexical geoparser. Only a single commission error (i.e. erroneous coordinate) was encountered with the lexical geoparser. The ability to automatically identify and extract location information from published studies opens new possibilities for transforming scientific literature discovery and supporting novel research.
The Thrill of the Chase: Punishment, Hostility and the Prison Crisis
Authors: Chamberlen Anastasia , Carvalho Henrique
Published: February 2018

This article offers one of the first analyses of the current and ongoing crisis affecting English and Welsh prisons and of recent proposals for prison reform. The article pits the impression of novelty surrounding the current framework of incarceration against the notion promoted by critical scholarship that the nexus between crisis and reform is not new. Building on this debate, we deploy an original theoretical perspective, grounded on the concept of hostile solidarity, to argue that the promise of prison reform is an essential aspect of the utility ascribed to punishment, which allows the prison to be perpetually preserved and seen as unquestionably necessary, even when in crisis. The article concludes by suggesting that our emotional attachment and contemporary reliance on punishment, and its manifestation in the perpetuation and expansion of institutions like the prison, are ultimately self-defeating and self-propelling.
Switching Behaviour of Young Adults in Cellular Service Industry: An Empirical Study of Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Wajeeha , Frooghi Reema
Published: February 2018

The switching behaviour in cellular services has been constantly observed in the consumers. Therefore, it becomes difficult for cellular service providers to gain the competitive advantage and retain the consumers. The main focus of this study is to observe the factors that are pushing consumers to switch from their present cellular network. For the collection of data, questionnaire was rotated among the university students. In total, 247 useful responses were used in order to get the findings. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) were used for the evaluation of data. The findings show that inconvenience have a negative and significant impact on switching behaviour of the young adults. As compared to this, service encounter failure and attraction by competitors have a positive and significant impact on switching behaviour of the young adults. This study will help the companies in understanding the behaviour of the cellular subscribers and will also help to sustain them. The article also highlights the factors that are important for the consumers before making decision for final purchase or switching the network.
Staff awareness of the application of Mental Health and Guardianship Legislation in the care of hospitalised older persons
Authors: Panesar Narinder , Valachova Iveta , Schmidtman Robert , Chan Daniel Kam Yin
Published: February 2018

Objective:

The study aimed to survey hospital staff knowledge of the application of the Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW) (MHA) and the Guardianship Act 1987 (NSW) (GA) in the care and treatment of older persons in a teaching hospital in Sydney.

Method

Over a two-month period in 2017, a survey questionnaire was distributed to staff involved in older persons’ care across the hospital.

Results:

The majority of the hospital staff demonstrated basic theoretical knowledge of both the GA (76%) and of the MHA (84.5%). Fewer (64.5%) appeared to understand the practical application of the MHA in the hypothetical clinical situations. An even lower proportion of staff appeared to understand the application of the GA either to obtain consent for medical treatment or to appoint a guardian through the Guardianship Division of the NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal (NCAT).

Conclusion:

Although clinical staff of the hospital displayed fair knowledge and awareness about the application of the MHA and the GA to inpatient care of older adults, further education is necessary, particularly about the application of the GA. The authors suggest similar findings may occur at other New South Wales hospitals, which may raise concern and need for education.