bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On body-environment continuities from a laboratory commensalism
Authors: Alač Morana
Published: December 2022

The article attends to everyday practices in a laboratory of neural genetics that studies olfaction, with the fruit fly as its model organism. Practices in neural genetics exhibit one of the ‘post’ aspects in post-genomic science – a turn to the environment. To get at how laboratory members engage body-environment continuities, I pay attention to an occasion of designing experimental chambers for an optogenetics study. As practitioners deal with the body’s continuities with the world by engaging the spatial character of olfaction, their accounts exhibit qualities of feelings of immediate experience, relatable to C.S. Peirce’s phenomenological category of Firstness. While these traces of Firstness inevitably manifest themselves in mixtures with the other two of Peirce’s categories – namely, Secondness and Thirdness – noticing them allows for an engagement of the environment that goes beyond action and meaning. I reflect on that environment by considering the involvement of scientists’ bodies in life with flies, while not forgetting my inhabitation of the laboratory space. Rather than relying on a cross-mapping of attributes known from the human sphere (intentional states or features of the human body) while managing a measurable space observed from the outside, this is an environment lived from within and with others. I conclude the article by proposing its noticing as an orientation toward ecological preoccupations.
Revolution and restoration in post-war East Asia: A Gramscian approach to the ‘history problem’
Authors: Gray Kevin
Published: December 2022

While tensions over historical issues between Japan and South Korea have long served to impede US strategic goals in East Asia, mainstream International Relations theory has largely been unable to explain the stubborn persistence of such issues. Instead, I interpret East Asia’s post-war history through the lens of Gramsci’s concept of passive revolution, thereby situating the ‘history problem’ in the context of the dialectical relations between state (re)formation, geopolitical contestation and transnational capital accumulation in the post-war era. I argue that US intervention in 1945 was a process in which a set of state–society relations was established whereby democratising tendencies from below were repressed through the establishment of US-aligned capitalist regimes. This implied the partial restoration of certain aspects of the pre-1945 regimes in a manner that served to forestall any genuine coming to terms with past colonial history. Gramsci’s concept of passive revolution thus provides a framework for rethinking how bilateral relations between countries can be explained with reference to the broader dynamics of geopolitical contestation, transnational capital accumulation and the dynamics of state–society contestation within national social formations. While existing empirical applications of passive revolution have typically focused on particular national instances of state formation and transformation, I argue that the concept can be utilised to analyse the region-wide processes whereby the US empire was established in the aftermath of the Second World War, and by extension, how supranational processes of passive revolution subsequently generated their own tensions and contradictions as manifested in contested bilateral relations between states.
Socially Stratified Epigenetic Profiles Are Associated With Cognitive Functioning in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Raffington Laurel , Tanksley Peter T. , Sabhlok Aditi , Vinnik Liza , Mallard Travis , King Lucy S. , Goosby Bridget , Harden K. Paige , Tucker-Drob Elliot M.
Published: December 2022

Children’s cognitive functioning and educational performance are socially stratified. Social inequality, including classism and racism, may operate partly via epigenetic mechanisms that modulate neurocognitive development. Following preregistered analyses of data from 1,183 participants, ages 8 to 19 years, from the Texas Twin Project, we found that children growing up in more socioeconomically disadvantaged families and neighborhoods and children from marginalized racial/ethnic groups exhibit DNA methylation profiles that, in previous studies of adults, were indicative of higher chronic inflammation, lower cognitive functioning, and a faster pace of biological aging. Furthermore, children’s salivary DNA methylation profiles were associated with their performance on in-laboratory tests of cognitive and academic skills, including processing speed, general executive function, perceptual reasoning, verbal comprehension, reading, and math. Given that the DNA methylation measures that we examined were originally developed in adults, our results suggest that children show molecular signatures that reflect the early life social determinants of lifelong disparities in health and cognition.
Putting A Fresh Face Forward: Does the Gender of a Police Chief Affect Public Perceptions?
Authors: Huber Laura , Gunderson Anna
Published: December 2022

As the public, policymakers, and scholars increasingly call for police reform, one commonly proposed solution is to increase the number of female officers and leaders under the assumption that female police will be perceived as more trustworthy, less violent, and more effective at addressing gendered crimes. Using a survey experiment, we explore whether there is a link between passive representation in police leadership and civilians’ perceptions of substantive representation by the police. We argue that due to feminine stereotypes and role congruity theory, female police chiefs should be perceived as more effective at addressing gendered crimes, corruption, police brutality, and community relations, but be evaluated as less competent on addressing violent crimes. We find that female police chiefs are considered to be more competent at handling gendered crimes (with little relationship with non-gendered crimes), and are viewed as more able to address corruption, police brutality, and community relations. Female police chiefs are also more likely to receive higher levels of overall support. We emphasize that our study points to the importance of passive representation within police leadership, but caution that increasing women’s representation may be a necessary, but not sufficient condition to improve relations between the public and the police.
State Child Maltreatment Policies and Disparities in Substantiation: A Study of State-Administered Child Welfare Systems in the U.S.
Authors: LaBrenz Catherine , Kim Yeonwoo , Baiden Philip , Shipe Stacey L. , Littleton Tenesha , Choi Mijin , Bai Rong , Stargel Lauren
Published: December 2022

Although several studies have examined child and family factors associated with substantiation, less research has explored the role of state child maltreatment policies in substantiating cases of alleged maltreatment. In parallel, there is growing pressure to reduce racial/ethnic disproportionality and disparities across the span of a child welfare case. We examined the relationship between state child maltreatment policies and substantiation, with child race/ethnicity as a moderator of this relationship. Data came from the 2019 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and the State Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) Policy Database. Using a series of multi-level binary logistic models, we calculated the odds of substantiation based on child characteristics (e.g., child age, number of types of alleged maltreatment) and state policies (e.g., state definitions of maltreatment that include exposure to domestic violence, harsh punishment). Approximately 17% of the variance in substantiation occurs between states. Although we did not find a direct effect of state policy on substantiation, there were significant interaction terms, in that inclusion of exposure to domestic violence, harsh punishment, or educational neglect in state policy was more strongly associated with substantiation for children of color than white children. Implications for policy and research are explored.
Rituximab-induced severe acute thrombocytopenia in a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Kars Taha Ulutan , Yorgancı Zahit Furkan , Yaşkıran Osman , Tekinalp Atakan , Demircioğlu Sinan
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Rituximab, which is widely used in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma, is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen. Rituximab has many side effects, mainly allergic and neurological. Rituximab may cause thrombocytopenia in the long term after administration. Rare cases of rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia have been reported in the literature.

Case Report

A 51-year-old female patient who was newly diagnosed with splenic marginal zone lymphoma received rituximab as first-line therapy. Petechiae occurred in the lower extremities on the day following rituximab administration. The blood test showed a severe drop in the platelet count from 112,000/μL to 5000/μL. Blood peripheral smear evaluation confirmed severe thrombocytopenia.

Management and outcome

There was no change in hemoglobin or white blood cell levels. After the diagnosis of rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia, thrombocyte suspension was administered due to the risk of bleeding. Close clinical and laboratory observations were made. The platelet count began to rise gradually in the following period. Before the second week of rituximab administration, the platelet count was 122,000/μL. No complications developed after premedication and slow rituximab administration, and subsequent treatments were continued in the same way.

Discussion

Rituximab has widespread use, especially in malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Like many monoclonal antibodies, rituximab has several side effects. Thrombocytopenia is a long-term side effect associated with rituximab, and rituximab-induced severe acute thrombocytopenia has been rarely reported. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that severe acute thrombocytopenia may develop after rituximab administration.
How Do Presenteeism and Family Functioning Affect the Association Between Chinese Nurses’ Job Stress and Intention to Stay?
Authors: Ren Zheng , Sun Yan , Li Xiangrong , He Minfu , Shi Hong , Zhao Hanfang , Li Yuyu , Pu Yajiao , Liu Hongjian , Zhang Xiumin
Published: December 2022

Background:

Despite a great deal of existing research on nurses’ job stress and intention to stay, it is still unclear how the association between Chinese nurses’ job stress and intention to stay is affected by presenteeism and family functioning.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the correlations of Chinese nurses’ job stress, presenteeism, and family functioning with their intention to stay and clarify the mediating effect of presenteeism and the moderating effect of family functioning on the association between their job stress and intention to stay.

Method:

A cross-sectional study of 1,008 nurses was performed in a major general hospital in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China. The participants were invited to engage in a questionnaire survey regarding job stress, presenteeism, family functioning, and intention to stay. A moderated mediation analysis was conducted through multiple linear regression analysis and the PROCESS macro.

Results:

Job stress and presenteeism were negatively correlated with intention to stay, whereas family functioning was positively correlated with intention to stay. The effect of job stress on intention to stay was partially mediated by presenteeism (Effect = −0.147, 95% CI = [−0.305, −0.003]). In addition, family functioning moderated the direct effect of job stress on intention to stay (Index = −0.134, 95% CI = [−0.274, −0.001]).

Conclusions:

Presenteeism and family functioning were found to play mediating and moderating roles, respectively, in the relationship between job stress and intention to stay. Relevant interventions or family-friendly programs should be developed to enhance nurses’ intention to stay.
Choroidal vascularity profile in diabetic eyes using wide field optical coherence tomography
Authors: Gujar Ramkailash , Cagini Carlo , Fruttini Daniela , Corbucci Roberta , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Mariotti Cesare , Chhablani Jay , Lupidi Marco
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To report the wide-field choroidal vascularity up to the mid-equator area in diabetic retinopathy (DR) subjects using wide-field optical coherence tomography (WF-OCT).

Design

Prospective, Cross-sectional study.

Participants

Forty-seven eyes of 25 DR subjects.

Methods

WF-OCT images (55 degrees) were obtained using Spectralis HRA + OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) in extremes of gazes in all quadrants and manual montages were created to obtain wide field images up to mid equator. A previously reported semi-automated algorithm was used to calculate choroidal vascularity profile (CVI). Regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing CVI.

Results

Forty-seven eyes from 25 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 68.4 ± 10.6 years. The refractive error (spherical equivalent) ranged from −2.25 to +3.75 diopters. Most common DR grade among study subjects was moderate NPDR (29.41%) and 74.5% eyes had diabetic macular edema (DME). The mean CVI in the macular area (58.29 ± 3.63) was significantly lower than in any of the other fundus areas (all p ˂ 0.01). The maximum CVI was seen in the nasal region (66.60 ± 5.61), followed by temporal (65.69 ± 3.81), superior (65.01 ± 4.87), and inferior (63.80 ± 5.42). The vertical macular area had the least coefficient of variation (CV) of CVI (0.06) while the inferior quadrant had the highest CV (0.08).

Conclusion

The current study describes the CVI profile on WF-OCT in DR eyes up to mid-equator. The significant increase of the CVI compared to healthy subjects and its significant regional variations introduce this novel quantitative parameter as a reliable biomarker of the diabetes-induced choroidal microangiopathy.
Effectiveness of Parent-Related Interventions on Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Lin , Jiang Shan
Published: December 2022

Given the high prevalence of cyberbullying and its negative physical and psychological effects on the development of adolescents, numerous studies have attempted its reduction by developing anti-cyberbullying interventions. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of parent-related programs in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents. A thorough search was carried out on seven electronic databases: EBSCO, ERIC, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Only quantitative studies that reported the effectiveness of parent-related programs in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying perpetration or victimization were included in the review. Eleven studies were finalized, and meta-analyses were performed using a random effect model on RevMan v5.4 software developed by Cochrane. Findings reveal that existing parent-related programs have very small effect sizes on cyberbullying perpetration (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = −0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.26, −0.09]) and victimization (SMD = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.24, −0.10]). The modes of parental involvement and intervention do not moderate the program effectiveness, but those with shorter durations are more effective than longer ones in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying victimization. Furthermore, findings indicate that interventions with a theoretical foundation are more effective than those without one. This review provides evidence to improve anti-cyberbullying interventions by effectively enabling parent involvement, as well as increasing parenting skills, parent–child interactions, and communication. Given the limited effectiveness of parent-related interventions, future research is needed to identify key moderators to improve such programs or to develop school–family patterns to reduce cyberbullying.
Mental and Physical Health Correlates for Emotional Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Spencer Chelsea M. , Keilholtz Brooke M. , Palmer Megan , Vail Summer L.
Published: December 2022

Approximately 50% of both men and women will experience emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime—a form of violence highly associated with other forms of IPV—making it important to develop further understanding of for assessment and treatment purposes. The bio-psycho-social model was used to guide the study. Utilizing data from 181 studies, yielding 348 effect sizes, we conducted a meta-analysis examining mental and physical health correlates with emotional IPV perpetration and victimization. We also examined if mental and physical health correlates were significantly stronger for emotional IPV perpetration or victimization, as well as if correlates were stronger for men or women. Suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, borderline personality disorder (PD), psychological distress, physical pain, trauma, anger, shame, poor physical health, antisocial PD, and somatic symptoms were significantly associated with emotional IPV victimization. Borderline PD, narcissism, emotional dysregulation, anger, post-traumatic stress, antisocial PD, psychopathy, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and trauma were significantly associated with emotional IPV perpetration. Anger, emotional dysregulation, and psychopathology were stronger correlates for emotional IPV perpetration compared to victimization, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress were stronger correlates for victimization. PTSD and suicidal ideation were stronger correlates of IPV victimization for women than men, and anger was a significantly stronger correlate of IPV perpetration for women than men. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach when working with victims and perpetrators of IPV, focusing on the importance of taking all aspects of the bio-psycho-social model into account.
Severe Tortuosity of the Distal Descending Thoracic Aorta Affects the Accuracy of Distal Deployment During a Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Sato Tomohiro , Banno Hiroshi , Ikeda Shuta , Kawai Yohei , Tsuruoka Takuya , Sugimoto Masayuki , Niimi Kiyoaki , Kodama Akio , Komori Kimihiro
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

An accurate distal deployment is essential for successful thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of a paradiaphragmatic aortic aneurysm. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical and intraoperative factors that affect the accuracy of distal deployment during TEVAR.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans of 426 patients undergoing TEVAR at our institution between October 2008 and May 2021, of which the stent-graft was attempted to be deployed just above the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery in 56 patients. Based on the anatomical factors related to the malposition (deployed >10 mm away from the target vessel) and the greater curve to the straight-line ratio (G/S ratio), the patients were categorized as severe tortuosity (n=21) and mild tortuosity (n=35) groups to compare the operative and clinical outcomes.

Result:

Stent-graft malpositioning occurred in 21 cases. Among all anatomical variables, only the G/S ratio was significantly larger in the malpositioned cases (p=0.049). A cutoff G/S ratio value of 1.15 was determined using the receiver operating curve analysis. In the severe tortuosity group, the distal end of the stent-graft was significantly farther (median: 10.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.5–19.5] mm vs 3.0 [0–8.0] mm; p=0.015) from the target vessel, and the tilt angle of the stent-graft’s distal edge was larger (median: 21.4 [IQR: 15.8–24.5] vs 9.5 [5.5–12.5] degree; p<0.01) than that in the mild tortuosity group. Both groups were comparable for the incidence of a primary type Ib endoleak (p=0.454), a secondary type Ib endoleak (p=1.0), and the rate of distal reintervention (p=0.276).

Conclusion:

Severe tortuosity in the distal descending thoracic aorta is associated with a malpositioned and tilted distal end of the stent-graft.

Clinical Impact

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for paradiaphragmatic thoracic aortic aneurysms requires accurate distal landing. In this paper, a retrospective CT analysis revealed that the greater curve to the straight-line ratio (G/S ratio) was associated to affects the malposition of the stent graft, defined as being deployed more than 10 mm away from the target vessel. Further, a comparative analysis based on the G/S ratio demonstrated that severe aortic tortuosity was associated with a more distal and tilted deployment of the stent graft.
The Loneliness of Precarity: Social Determinants and Patients at Risk for Declining Health
Authors: Skoczylas Marie
Published: December 2022

This study examines loneliness within 12,019 patients in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States with existing health conditions who are at risk for worsening health, higher care utilization, and higher costs. Member survey data from Highmark, a large Blue Cross Blue Shield insurer, is used to examine the prevalence of loneliness and investigate its association with social determinants of health to understand which needs pose the greatest risk in developing or maintaining loneliness. Findings reveal that concern over a potential lack of food and housing may matter more than the material lack of resources. This study also finds that many social determinants associated with loneliness depend on age, calling for greater sociological inquiry into the processes involved in the loneliness of precarity. Identifying intervention points is key to lessening loneliness and improving health outcomes.
Who Fact-Checks and Does It Matter? Examining the Antecedents and Consequences of Audience Fact-Checking Behaviour in Hong Kong
Authors: Chia Stella C. , Lu Fangcao , Gunther Albert C.
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the ways in which people engaged in fact-checking in a highly divided context—the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement (AEBM) in Hong Kong. A telephone survey representative of the Hong Kong population was conducted in 2020 ( N = 1,004). The findings showed that males with greater news consumption and issue involvement were more likely to engage in fact-checking behavior. Nevertheless, the effects of fact-checking appeared mixed. We first found that fact-checking behavior reduced belief in disagreeable misinformation only for supporters of the AEBM. More robust evidence showed that frequent fact-checking behavior reinforced, rather than reduced, partisans’ belief in misinformation regarding the opponent group. A warning of the backfire effects of fact-checking on exacerbating opinion polarization and social division is issued.
If Teaching Is a Female Dominated Profession, Why Are So Few Leading the Profession?
Authors: ElAtia Samira , Gomez Leticia Nadler , Corsi Elissa
Published: December 2022

Although the teaching profession is dominated by women in Canada, they are still under-represented in the top leadership roles in the education system. This study highlights the current situation in Alberta, examines the barriers to women progressing to the top positions in the field of education and presents the most recurrent suggestions as found in the literature. Such suggestions include, organizations taking an intersectional approach to recruitment, training, pay, and promotions; organizations recognizing the importance of healthy career-life balance for its teachers; existing leaders applying transformational leadership to help new and prospective leaders; and institutions establishing mentoring programs.
Student Engagement: Validating a Model to Unify In-Class and Out-of-Class Contexts
Authors: Giang Trinh Thi Thu , Andre John , Lan Ho Hoang
Published: December 2022

Student engagement, while widely recognized as both important to outcomes of higher education institutions and critical to student learning, is still missing a unifying model addressing students both inside and outside of the classroom. This mixed-methods paper will explore the existing models of student engagement and propose a model which better supports analysis from multiple perspectives. This model was validated within the context of Vietnamese higher education. The results indicate that student engagement, both in-class and out-of-class, can be modeled through the four sub-components of emotional, cognitive, participatory, and agentic engagement. Having these common elements allows analysis vertically, through these four dimensions, or horizontally, across two contexts, providing greater flexibility for future investigations.
A Landscape of Open Science Policies Research
Authors: Manco Alejandra
Published: December 2022

This literature review aims to examine the approach given to open science policy in the different studies. The main findings are that the approach given to open science has different aspects: policy framing and its geopolitical aspects are described as an asymmetries replication and epistemic governance tool. The main geopolitical aspects of open science policies described in the literature are the relations between international, regional, and national policies. There are also different components of open science covered in the literature: open data seems much discussed in the works in the English language, while open access is the main component discussed in the Portuguese and Spanish speaking papers. Finally, the relationship between open science policies and the science policy is framed by highlighting the innovation and transparency that open science can bring into it.
Psychosocial Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Mexican-Origin Youths: An 8-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gonzalves Lauren C. , Ferrer Emilio , Robins Richard W. , Guyer Amanda E. , Hastings Paul D.
Published: December 2022

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youths in the United States. More Latino adolescents report suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors (STBs) than youths of most other ethnic communities. Yet few studies have examined multiple psychosocial predictors of STBs in Latino youths using multiyear longitudinal designs. In this study, we evaluated the progression of STBs in 674 Mexican-origin youths (50% female) from fifth grade (10 years old) to 12th grade (17 years old) and identified psychosocial predictors of changes in STBs across this period. Latent growth curve models revealed that being female and later-generation status were associated with increasing prevalence in STBs across adolescence. Family conflict and peer conflict predicted increased STBs, whereas greater familism predicted less STBs. Thus, interpersonal relationships and cultural values contribute to the development of STBs in Mexican-origin youths and may be key levers for decreasing suicidality in this understudied but rapidly growing portion of the U.S. adolescent population.
Effects of eptinezumab on self-reported work productivity in adults with migraine and prior preventive treatment failure in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled DELIVER study
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Goadsby Peter J. , Lambru Giorgio , Ettrup Anders , Christoffersen Cecilie Laurberg , Josiassen Mette Krog , Phul Ravinder , Sperling Bjørn
Published: December 2022

Background

The multinational phase 3b DELIVER trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab for migraine prevention in patients with prior preventive treatment failures across 17 countries. In the placebo-controlled portion, eptinezumab relative to placebo demonstrated greater reductions in migraine and headache frequency, migraine and headache severity, and acute medication use. The objective of this report is to describe the effects of eptinezumab on self-reported work productivity in the placebo-controlled portion of DELIVER.

Methods

Adults 18–75 years of age with migraine and documented evidence of 2 to 4 prior preventive treatment failures in the past 10 years were randomized to receive eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo intravenously (IV) every 12 weeks. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire specific to migraine (WPAI:M), which comprises 6 items (4 of which are completed by currently employed patients only), was administered every 4 weeks. Changes from baseline in subscores (absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss, and activity impairment) were calculated based on item responses. A mixed model for repeated measures was used to analyze changes from baseline in WPAI:M subscores.

Results

A total of 890 adults (mean age, 43.8 years) were included in the full analysis set (eptinezumab 100 mg,n = 299; eptinezumab 300 mg,n = 293; placebo,n = 298). Mean WPAI:M subscores at baseline indicated a negative impact of migraine attacks on work productivity and ability to complete normal daily activities. Eptinezumab improved WPAI:M subscores more than placebo at all assessment points throughout the study. Mean changes from baseline in self-reported work productivity loss were −19.5, −24.0, and −9.7 at Week 12; and −22.6, −20.2, and −7.2 at Week 24 (allP < 0.001 vs placebo) for eptinezumab 100 mg, eptinezumab 300 mg, and placebo, respectively. Mean changes from baseline in activity impairment were −21.3, −23.8, and −11.2 at Week 12; and −24.7, −22.6, and −10.1 at Week 24 (allP < 0.0001 vs placebo). Similarly, mean improvements in absenteeism and presenteeism were greater in the eptinezumab groups than in the groups receiving placebo at all timepoints (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In adults with migraine and prior preventive treatment failure, eptinezumab 100 mg and 300 mg IV every 12 weeks improved absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss, and activity impairment more than placebo.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov(Identifier:NCT04418765); EudraCT (Identifier: 2019–004497-25) (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2019-004497-25/PL).

Graphical Abstract

Eptinezumab improves self-reported work productivity in patients with migraine and prior preventive treatment failures.
Oral mycobiota and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wei Ailin , Zhao Huiling , Cong Xue , Wang Linyao , Chen Yiyang , Gou Juxiang , Hu Ziyi , Hu Xiuying , Tian Yali , Li Ka , Deng Yufeng , Zuo Haojiang , Fu Mei Rosemary
Published: December 2022

Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is essential for survival. Preliminary research demonstrated significant associations between structural alternation of mycobiota and PDAC. In this study, we investigated the associations between oral mycobiota and PDAC. We further explored mycobiota biomarkers for PDAC detection. We enrolled 34 PDAC patients and 35 matched healthy controls from West China hospital in Southwest China. Demographic data, clinical information, and salivary samples were collected. Mycobiota characteristics were defined using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA sequencing. We found that the PDAC patients had significant increase in fungal abundance (P < 0.001) and significant decrease in fungal diversity (P < 0.001) in comparison to the healthy controls. A higher abundance of Basidiomycota and Unclassifed_p_Ascomycota was associated with an increased risk of PDAC. With each increase of abundance of g__unclassified_k__Fungi and g__unclassified_p__Ascomycota in PDAC patients, the risk of pancreatic cancer increased by 1.359 odds and 1.260 odds, respectively. Aspergillus (AUC = 0.983, 95% CI 0.951–1.000) and Cladosporium (AUC = 0.969, 95% CI 0.921–1.000) achieved high classification powers to distinguish PDAC patients from the healthy controls. The rapid, inexpensive tests of ITS1 sequencing of mycobiota and PCR detection of potential fungal biomarkers make it promising for the clinical practice to use oral microbes for PDAC early detection and prevention. Results of our study provide evidence that salivary mycobiota may provide insights into cancer risk, prevention, and detection.
Longitudinal analysis of health care costs in patients with childhood onset inherited retinal dystrophies compared to healthy controls
Authors: Kessel Line , Kjellberg Jakob , Ibsen Rikke , Rasmussen Annette , Nissen Kamilla Rothe , la Cour Morten
Published: December 2022

Background

We evaluated health care costs in patients with childhood onset visual impairment caused by inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD).

Methods

The IRD cohort, identified from the Danish Registry of Blind and Partially Sighted Children, was compared to age- and sex-matched controls from the national, Danish population registry. Information on health care expenditures for somatic and psychiatric in- and outpatient services, purchase of prescription medications and paid assistance at home were obtained from national registries for the years 2002–2017.

Results

We included 412 in the IRD cohort (6,290 person years) and 1656 (25,088 person years) in the control cohort. Average, annual health care expenditures from age 0–48 years of age were €1,488 (SD 4,711) in the IRD cohort and €1,030 (4,639) in the control cohort. The largest difference was for out-patient eye care (13.26 times greater, 95% confidence interval 12.90–13.64). Psychiatric in-patient expenditures were 1.71 times greater (95% CI 1.66–1.76) in the IRD cohort but psychiatric out-patient health care costs were comparable between groups.

Conclusions

Health care costs were approximately 40% greater in the IRD cohort compared to an age- and sex-matched sample from the general Danish population. This is relevant in the current situation with a number of trials aimed at treating IRDs using genetically based therapies. Although eye care expenditures were many times greater, they made up < 10% of the total health care expenditures even in the IRD cohort. The reduced costs related to injuries in the visually impaired cohort was a surprising finding but may reflect a reduced propensity to seek medical care rather than a reduced risk of injuries.
A cohort study of intrapartum group B streptococcus prophylaxis on atopic dermatitis in 2-year-old children
Authors: Hong Zhang , Jing Ren , Hui Li , Kang Xu , Chunmei Zhang , Yang Wang , Baojian Zhou , Xin Ding , Xiaoping Yin
Published: December 2022

Objective

To understand the occurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged 2 years on exposure to maternal group B streptococcus (GBS) antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).

Design

Retrospective cohort study of 2909 mother–child pairs.

Setting

Taixing People’s Hospital in Eastern China.

Participants

Term infants born 2018–2019, followed longitudinally from birth to 2 years.

Exposures

The GBS-IAP was defined as therapy with intravenous penicillin G or ampicillin or cefazolin ≥ 4 h prior to delivery to the mother. Reference infants were defined as born without or with other intrapartum antibiotic exposure.

Outcomes

The logistic regression models were employed to analyze the effect of intrapartum GBS prophylaxis on AD in 2-year-old children during delivery. Analysis was a priori stratified according to the mode of delivery and adjusted for relevant covariates.

Results

The cohorts showed that preventive GBS-IAP was potentially associated with increased incidence of AD in children delivered vaginally according to logistic regression models before and after covariate-adjusted treatment (OR: 6.719,95% CI: 4.730–9.544,P < 0.001;aOR: 6.562,95% CI: 4.302–10.008, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Prophylactic treatment of intrapartum GBS may raise the risk of AD in vaginally delivered children. These findings highlight the need to better understand the risk between childhood AD and current GBS-IAP intervention strategies.
School-based peer education interventions to improve health: a global systematic review of effectiveness
Authors: Dodd Steven , Widnall Emily , Russell Abigail Emma , Curtin Esther Louise , Simmonds Ruth , Limmer Mark , Kidger Judi
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Peer education, whereby peers (‘peer educators’) teach their other peers (‘peer learners’) about aspects of health is an approach growing in popularity across school contexts, possibly due to adolescents preferring to seek help for health-related concerns from their peers rather than adults or professionals. Peer education interventions cover a wide range of health areas but their overall effectiveness remains unclear. This review aims to summarise the effectiveness of existing peer-led health interventions implemented in schools worldwide.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched for eligible studies in October 2020. To be included, studies must have evaluated a school-based peer education intervention designed to address the health of students aged 11–18-years-old and include quantitative outcome data to examine effectiveness. The number of interventions were summarised and the impact on improved health knowledge and reductions in health problems or risk-taking behaviours were investigated for each health area separately, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess quality.

Results

A total of 2125 studies were identified after the initial search and 73 articles were included in the review. The majority of papers evaluated interventions focused on sex education/HIV prevention (n = 23), promoting healthy lifestyles (n = 17) and alcohol, smoking and substance use (n = 16). Papers mainly reported peer learner outcomes (67/73, 91.8%), with only six papers (8.2%) focussing solely on peer educator outcomes and five papers (6.8%) examining both peer learner and peer educator outcomes. Of the 67 papers reporting peer learner outcomes, 35/67 (52.2%) showed evidence of effectiveness, 8/67 (11.9%) showed mixed findings and 24/67 (35.8%) found limited or no evidence of effectiveness. Of the 11 papers reporting peer educator outcomes, 4/11 (36.4%) showed evidence of effectiveness, 2/11 (18.2%) showed mixed findings and 5/11 (45.5%) showed limited or no evidence of effectiveness. Study quality varied greatly with many studies rated as poor quality, mainly due to unrepresentative samples and incomplete data.

Discussion

School-based peer education interventions are implemented worldwide and span a wide range of health areas. A number of interventions appear to demonstrate evidence for effectiveness, suggesting peer education may be a promising strategy for health improvement in schools. Improvement in health-related knowledge was most common with less evidence for positive health behaviour change. In order to quantitatively synthesise the evidence and make more confident conclusions, there is a need for more robust, high-quality evaluations of peer-led interventions using standardised health knowledge and behaviour measures.
Behavioural determinants of malaria risk, prevention, and care-seeking behaviours among forest-goers in Cambodia
Authors: Phok Sochea , Tesfazghi Kemi , Tompsett Andy , Thavrine Boukheng , Ly Po , Hassan Saad El-Din , Avrakotos Avery , Malster Jim , Felker-Kantor Erica
Published: December 2022

Background

Cambodia has made significant progress towards achieving malaria elimination by 2025. Cases continue to decrease and are primarily concentrated in forested areas. Forest-goers are most at risk of malaria due to their proximity to the forest, poor sleeping conditions, frequent mobility, and distance from health services. Consistent use of long-lasting insecticidal nets or hammock nets (LLINs/LLIHNs), early diagnosis and treatment of cases are central to reducing disease burden. The aim of this study was to understand forest-goers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to malaria prevention and care-seeking, and to identify key behavioural determinants of LLIN/LLIHN use and prompt care-seeking within 24 h of developing a fever.

Methods

A mixed-methods study design consisting of a cross-sectional survey and qualitative in-depth interviews was implemented in two Cambodian provinces. Survey participants (N = 654) were recruited using respondent driven sampling. Interview participants (N = 28) were selected using purposive sampling. Findings from the survey were analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis and multivariate weighted logistic regression. Interviews were coded and analysed using thematic content analysis.

Results

All study participants had heard of malaria and 98% knew that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes. LLIN/LLIHN ownership was high (94%). Although 99% of participants perceived LLIN/LLIHN use as an important malaria prevention measure, only 76% reported using one during their last visit to the forest. Only 39% of survey participants who reported seeking care did so within the recommended 24 h from fever onset during their last febrile illness. Among all study participants, 43% did not seek any healthcare during their last febrile episode. In controlled regression models, perceived community social norms were significantly associated with LLIN/LLIHN use (OR: 2.7, 96% CI 1.99–2.64) and care-seeking within 24 h of fever onset (OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.00–2.88). Social support from other forest-goers was also significantly associated with LLIN/LLIHN use (OR: 4.9, 95% CI 1.32–18.12).

Conclusions

Study findings are consistent with other studies on LLIN/LLIHN use and care-seeking behaviours. While rates of LLIN/LLIHN ownership were high among the study population, rates of use were not as high. More concerning were the delayed care-seeking behaviours. Social behaviour change activities should incorporate social norms and social support as mechanisms for behaviour change given the identified positive correlations with LLIN/LLIHN use and prompt care-seeking.
Can shelter dog observers score behavioural expressions consistently over time?
Authors: Stubsjøen Solveig Marie , Moe Randi Oppermann , Johannessen Cicilie , Larsen Maiken , Madsen Henriette , Muri Karianne
Published: December 2022

A substantial number of dogs live in animal shelters worldwide. Stressors within the shelter environment can compromise their welfare, and scientific evaluations of feasible welfare assessment methods are therefore needed. Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) is a “whole-animal” approach used to assess welfare by observing animals’ expressive behaviour. To investigate whether observers can score dogs’ behavioural expressions consistently over time, this study replicated and extended previous research, by evaluating intra- and inter-observer reliability of QBA based on video recordings of shelter dogs. In Part I, nine veterinary nurse students received theoretical and practical training, and then scored 12 2 min video recordings of shelter dogs using a fixed list of behavioural descriptors. Three of the students undertook further practice and calibration using direct observations of dog behaviour in a local shelter. In Part II, the videos from Part I were scored by these three observers a second time, 15 months later. QBA data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and reliability was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W). In Part I, the inter-observer reliability was high for both components (0.78 for PC1 and 0.85 for PC2). In Part II, the inter-observer reliability was very high and moderate for PC1 and PC2, respectively (0.90 for PC1 and 0.65 for PC2). The intra-observer reliability was high for both components (W ≥ 0.86). Our results indicate that the fixed list of behavioural descriptors for shelter dogs can be used reliably when assessing videos, and that observers can score dogs’ behavioural expressions consistently after a break of 15 months following the initial assessment. Nevertheless, the reduction in inter-observer-reliability of PC2 in Part II can indicate that some retraining and calibration may be required to avoid observer drift.
Effects of vildagliptin on wound healing and markers of inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetic foot ulcer: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study
Authors: Vangaveti Venkat N. , Jhamb Shaurya , Hayes Oliver , Goodall Julie , Bulbrook Jacqueline , Robertson Kelvin , Biros Erik , Sangla Kunwarjit S. , Malabu Usman H.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the leading long-term complications experienced by patients with diabetes. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) are a class of antihyperglycemic medications prescribed to patients with diabetes to manage glycaemic control. DPP4is may also have a beneficial effect on DFU healing. This study aimed to determine vildagliptin's effect on inflammatory markers and wound healing.

Trial design

Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study.

Methods

Equal number of participants were randomized into the treatment and placebo groups. The treatment was for 12 weeks, during which the participants had regular visits to the podiatrist, who monitored their DFU sizes using 3D camera, and blood samples were taken at baseline, six weeks, and 12 weeks during the study for measurement of inflammatory markers. In addition, demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, DFU risk factors, and DFU wound parameters were recorded.

Results

50 participants were recruited for the study, with 25 assigned to placebo and 25 to treatment group. Vildagliptin treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction of HBA1c (p < 0.02) and hematocrit (p < 0.04), total cholesterol (p < 0.02), LDL cholesterol (p < 0.04), and total/HDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0.03) compared to the placebo group. Also, vildagliptin had a protective effect on DFU wound healing, evidenced by the odds ratio (OR) favoring the intervention of 11.2 (95% CI 1.1–113.5; p < 0.04) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) for vildagliptin treatment group showed increased healing by 35% (95%CI; 10–60, p = 0.01) compared to placebo with the model adjusted for microvascular complications, smoking, amputation, dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and duration of diabetes.

Conclusions

Vildagliptin treatment was effective in healing DFU in addition to controlling the diabetes. Our findings support the use of DPP4is as a preferred option for treating ulcers in patients with diabetes. Further studies on a larger population are warranted to confirm our findings and understand how DPP4is could affect inflammation and DFU healing.
Chemoinformatics and artificial intelligence colloquium: progress and challenges in developing bioactive compounds
Authors: Bajorath Jürgen , Chávez-Hernández Ana L. , Duran-Frigola Miquel , Fernández-de Gortari Eli , Gasteiger Johann , López-López Edgar , Maggiora Gerald M. , Medina-Franco José L. , Méndez-Lucio Oscar , Mestres Jordi , Miranda-Quintana Ramón Alain , Oprea Tudor I. , Plisson Fabien , Prieto-Martínez Fernando D. , Rodríguez-Pérez Raquel , Rondón-Villarreal Paola , Saldívar-Gonzalez Fernanda I. , Sánchez-Cruz Norberto , Valli Marilia
Published: December 2022

We report the main conclusions of the first Chemoinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Colloquium, Mexico City, June 15–17, 2022. Fifteen lectures were presented during a virtual public event with speakers from industry, academia, and non-for-profit organizations. Twelve hundred and ninety students and academics from more than 60 countries. During the meeting, applications, challenges, and opportunities in drug discovery, de novo drug design, ADME-Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) property predictions, organic chemistry, peptides, and antibiotic resistance were discussed. The program along with the recordings of all sessions are freely available at https://www.difacquim.com/english/events/2022-colloquium/.