bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing Consensus? New Zealand Press Attitudes Toward the Labour Movement in 1890
Authors:   , Keating James
Published: November 2021

This thesis investigates the attitudes of New Zealand newspapers to the social and economic tensions exacerbated by the emergence of a newly assertive labour movement in 1890, culminating in the August-November Maritime Strike, and the 5 December General Election. Through detailed analysis of labour reporting in six newspapers (Evening Post, Grey River Argus, Lyttelton Times, New Zealand Herald, Otago Daily Times, Press) this thesis examines contemporary conceptions of New Zealand society and editors’ expectations of trade unions in a colony that emphasised its egalitarian mythology. Although the establishment of a national press agency in 1880 homogenised the distribution of national and international news, this study focuses on local news and editorial columns, which generally reflected proprietors’ political leanings. Through these sites of ideological contest, conflicting representations of the ascendant trade union movement became apparent. While New Zealand newspapers sympathised with the striking London dockers in 1889, the advent of domestic industrial tensions provoked a wider range of reactions in the press. Strikes assumed a national significance, and the divisions between liberal and conservative newspapers narrowed. To varying degrees both considered militant action by organised labour a threat to the colony’s peace and prosperity – sentiments that pervaded their reporting. The New Zealand Maritime Strike confirmed these prejudices and calcified the perception of organised labour’s malevolence. Despite the year’s upheavals, this thesis contends that the press struggled to comprehend labour’s political ambitions, ignoring the unprecedented mobilisation of thousands of new voters, shifting public opinion, and the transformative impact of electoral reform. Distracted by the mainstream political obsession with land reform and convinced that public prejudices, stoked by their own reporting, would obviate a labour presence in the new parliament, the victory of the Liberal-labour coalition confounded the publishing establishment.
The Evolutionary Origin and Biological Utility of Supernatural Expertise
Authors:   , Mahoney Andrew Neil
Published: November 2021

Recent psychological and cognitive research has explored the evolutionary origins of human religiosity. In this thesis, I explore the historical origin and social function of supernatural expertise. I define supernatural expertise as the act of acquiring and expressing supernatural knowledge. I critique several recent theories from evolutionary psychology and cognitive science by assessing the extent to which they can explain supernatural expertise. Costly signalling theory is the view that religious costs are adaptations that signal the cooperative intent of individuals. This theory cannot account for supernatural expertise as expressions of supernatural knowledge are typically linguistic, and one can verbally misrepresent one’s supernatural beliefs. Sexual selection theory explains how physiological or psychological traits can become exaggerated over time if they are preferred by mating partners. Sexual selection can explain an increase in the cognitive capacities necessary for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge. However, it cannot account for the complex nature of supernatural information. Cognitively optimal theory predicts that the religious information which persists within human populations should be easily transferred and recalled. The theory cannot account for any supernatural information which requires considerable effort to acquire. The modes theory explains religion in terms of memory systems and the social arrangements that humans have developed to mediate the exchange of religious ideas. These result in two modes of religiosity. The doctrinal mode of religiosity explains why supernatural experts exist, but not how supernatural expertise originated. I conclude by arguing for an innovative theory for supernatural expertise. I employ cognitively optimal theory to explain why some supernatural concepts are difficult to recall. I explain the signalling function of supernatural expertise in terms of the costly effort invested in the acquisition of supernatural information. I propose that sexual selection for the cognitive capacities to acquire supernatural knowledge has enhanced the ability to acquire such information; this necessitates an increase in the complexity of supernatural information which ensures cooperative commitment remains a predominant motivation for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge, in spite of enhanced cognitive ability. I discuss several social conditions that result from the doctrinal mode of religiosity and how they solve cooperation problems in dense populations.
New Sesterterpenes from Marine Sponges from the Tropical Waters of the Kingdom of Tonga
Authors:   , Taufa Taitusi
Published: November 2021

Over the course of this study, various species of Tongan marine sponges were investigated using an NMR-based screening method and has resulted in the discovery of three new sesterterpenes and 11 known compounds. Examination of the sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. resulted in the isolation of two novel sesterterpenes, isoluffariellolide (46) and 1-O-methylisoluffariellolide (47). Compounds 46 and 47 share the same backbone pattern as the known luffariellolide (45) and 25-Omethylluffariellolide (107) respectively, and differ only in the substitution pattern of the butenolide rings. Isoluffariellolide (46) was found to be approximately six times less cytotoxic than 1-O-methylisoluffariellolide (47). Interestingly, these results suggested that the 1-O-methyl group in compound 47 plays an important role in the cytotoxicity of the compound. Secothorectolide (49), a new ring-opened and geometric isomer of the known compound thorectolide (48), was obtained from a sponge of the order Dictyoceratida. This ring closure and opening relationship was also observed between manoalide (109) and secomanoalide (110), as well as luffariellins A (141) and B (142). Despite the different carbon skeleton, the functional groups in 141 and 142 are similar with those in 109 and 110, respectively, and not surprisingly the biological properties are almost identical. The biological activities of compounds 48 and 49 were almost the same, which would give an insight into the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between these types of compounds.
Correlation of Impact Measures of Institutional Repositories and PBRF Ranking
Authors:   , Li Rui
Published: November 2021

This study examines the correlation of website impact factor of institutional repositories (IR) of all eight universities in New Zealand and the Performance Based Research Fund (PBRF) quality score. The purpose of the research is to find out whether there is correlation between these two figures. The research problems are: the correlation between the IR homepage ranking and the PBRF quality score, the correlation between the IR website inlinks and the PBRF quality score, and the correlation between the IR website impact factor and the PBRF quality score. The research also studied the different web ranking tools and tried to find out whether these tools can be used to measure the quality of IR documents. The research used Yahoo Site Explorer to collect information of inlinks and also use other tools to collect the webpage ranking. The finding of this research are that there is small correlation between the IR website impact factor and PBRF quality score, and the page ranking is not a good tool to exam the quality of IR document as a whole.
Skin to Skin: A Provocative Expression of the Dynamic Relationship Between the Surface of the Body and the Surface of Architecture
Authors:   , Ibbotson Thomas
Published: November 2021

It can be argued that modern architecture has expelled the building’s relationship to the ground. Raised on pilotis, modern buildings constructed the platform as an artificial ground plane. Ultimately, the platform was a two-dimensional plane, flattened to aid our transition across the built environment. This horizontal plane merely tolerated inhabitation. Unfortunately the language synonymous with this plane has been extended into contemporary architecture. It is proposed that the rigidity and stability expressed by the surface of the horizontal plane has failed to reflect the body, stimulate interaction, or challenge the inhabitant of architecture. To free the horizontal plane from its rigid axis this thesis aims to break away from the conventional building typology inflicted by modern architecture. As the force of gravity restricts our inhabitation of the built environment to the horizontal plane we directly engage with this surface of architecture. It provokes the question, how can the design of the horizontal plane engage the body and challenge the inhabitant to intensify the experience of architecture? An exploration of the skin-to-skin relationship between the surface of the body and the surface of architecture directs this thesis toward a provocative design exploration and evokes an expressive horizontal plane. To challenge the restrictive conception of architecture’s horizontal plane the program of inhabitation for this design project explores the practice of yoga. Now conceived as a dynamic force, the body can be activated by architecture’s horizontal plane. This surface provides an expressive canvas with the capacity to embody the dynamic movements of yoga. It aids, activates and challenges the participant’s body and amplifies the experience of yoga. An expressive horizontal plane, central to the inhabitation of a yoga centre, generates a dynamic space that provokes a dialogue of interaction between the inhabitant and the surface of architecture. A dynamic plane has emerged.
Crustal Cracks in Areas of Active Deformation: Correlation of GPS and Seismic Anisotropy
Authors:   , Unglert Katharina
Published: November 2021

Seismic anisotropy in the upper crust can be observed from shear-wave split- ting. It is closely related to crack distribution, orientation and density via the orientation of fast polarisation and the delay time between the two perpendic- ular components of the original shear-wave. Since stress variations can a ect crustal cracks, they should change shear-wave splitting. Another observable result of variations in stress can be deformation measured by GPS (Global Positioning System). Although there are as yet few publications linking these di erent methods, some have suggested an alignment of fast direction with maximum horizontal compressive stress and maximum horizontal compressive strain. We examine whether we can observe this or a di erent relation of seis- mic anisotropy to strain and stress changes in three di erent settings. We performed shear-wave splitting analyses of local earthquakes and baseline and strain calculations around Taupo caldera (New Zealand), Aso caldera (Japan), and around an area on the Raukumara peninsula (New Zealand) associated with slow slip on the Hikurangi subduction interface. Both anisotropy and deformation vary with time in all three regions, but the time variations do not strongly correlate with each other. We suggest that a strong deformation signal observed at Taupo caldera might have a regional, non-volcanic source, and small variations in shear-wave splitting cannot be linked to variations in GPS time series or baselines. At Aso caldera strong deformation seems to be directly related to volcanic activity. Seismic anisotropy also shows a change, but at a slightly di erent time than the GPS signal. On the Raukumara peninsula, the strong deformation associated with slow slip does not show up as a variation in seismic anisotropy, although variations in shear-wave splitting do exist in this area. Overall, we observe an alignment of fast direction with either maximum horizontal compressive strain or stress or both for a subset of time periods and stations. In addition, there is a contribution of structure to the observed anisotropy. We conclude that deformation and seismic anisotropy cannot always be linked in a straightforward way. Instead, shear-wave splitting may be connected to smaller scale processes than can be detected by the current densities of the GPS networks.
Recognising Non-Conjugal Relationships in New Zealand: Should We Extend the Rights and Responsibilities of Marriage and Marriage-Like Relationships to Other Caring Relationships?
Authors:   , Johns Lorraine
Published: November 2021

This thesis considers whether the legal recognition of non-conjugal relationships in New Zealand should be improved; particularly by extending them the rights and responsibilities of marital and marriage-like (conjugal) relationships. For the purpose of this thesis, “non-conjugal” relationships are close, caring platonic relationships where people share their lives to a significant degree. Over the last decade, there has been a trend toward extending the legal consequences of marriage to non-conjugal relationships in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. At the same time, the distinction between conjugal and non-conjugal relationships has been destabilised, due to the de-emphasis of sexual intimacy as a criterion for recognising marriage-like relationships. This thesis considers whether the marriage model should be extended to include certain non-conjugal relationships in New Zealand, as it has been overseas. It is clear that non-conjugal relationships can exhibit many of the features associated with conjugal relationships, as demonstrated by the high profile Burden sisters' case in the United Kingdom. These include characteristics such as long-term cohabitation, caring, commitment and interdependency. However, non-conjugal relationships typically exhibit these features to a lesser degree, which means that they may have different needs and require different support from the state. Ultimately, this thesis recommends against extending the marriage model to non-conjugal relationships for a number of reasons, including that the marriage model does not appear to respond adequately to the needs or living arrangements of people in non-conjugal relationships. However, this thesis also suggests that non-conjugal relationships in New Zealand can benefit from legal recognition in some cases. Aside from human rights considerations, the state has an interest in promoting these relationships due to their contribution to social cohesion and informal caregiving. As such, this thesis recommends a new framework for recognising personal relationships that also allows for nonconjugal relationships in New Zealand to be supported and promoted by the law, where appropriate.
Citizenship in Our Place: Exploring New Zealand Young People's Everyday, Place-Based Perspectives on Participation in Society
Authors:   , Wood Bronwyn Elisabeth
Published: November 2021

Developing more active citizens has been a feature of policies in many nations in recent years. Educational curricula in particular have been viewed as an important way to deliver this goal. The revised New Zealand Curriculum (2007) is an example of this, with a vision to develop young people who will be confident, connected, actively involved, lifelong learners (p. 8) who will themselves “participate and take action as critical, informed, and responsible citizens” (p. 17). In this thesis, I explore how New Zealand young people are currently participating as citizens by examining their conceptions and practices of social action alongside those of their teachers. My approach draws attention to spatial and relational aspects of young people’s everyday, place-based perspectives on participation in society. The conceptual and theoretical framework underpinning this research is developed through Bourdieu’s analytical concepts of habitus, field and capital, and Mills’ (1959) “sociological imagination”. Participants in this research included 122 social studies students (n=122) aged between 14 and 18 years old, and their teachers (n=27) from four diverse secondary schools in New Zealand. Data collection included café-style focus groups with young people, as well as visual data generated by participation in Photovoice research. More traditional focus groups were also undertaken with social studies teachers at each of the four schools. Taking an everyday, place-based approach to youth participation opened up new and relatively unexplored landscapes of participation. Young people provided many examples of how they were “taking action” through formal opportunities (provided by their teachers, schools and communities), as well as informal ways, such as standing up against a bully, or reducing water usage. Through their identification of social issues that needed addressing, it was possible to see their citizenship imaginations at play. Social studies teachers played a significant role in shaping young people’s awareness of social issues as well as providing them with opportunities to take action on these issues. The findings revealed the enduring importance of young people’s everyday experiences of inclusion/exclusion within places, as well as the contribution of the participatory capital of their teachers, families and communities, in shaping their citizenship perceptions, imaginations and actions.
Post-Modern Cosmopolitanism & Discourse Ethics
Authors:   , Hemmingsen Michael
Published: November 2021

This paper sets out an approach – post-modern cosmopolitanism – that seeks to allow moral conversation and moral justification between groups and individuals who do not share any substantive values. It does this without denying the plurality of value systems (universalism) and without allowing groups to retreat behind inviolable walls of ethical self-containment (relativism). The approach relies on many aspects of Jurgen Habermas’s discourse ethics, but it takes discourse ethics in a new direction, leading to a unique approach. I start the paper by showing the problems with the current dominant alternatives – universalism and relativism – both in terms of their lack of internal consistency and in terms of their inability to mitigate and resolve conflict in practice. I then introduce some of the important concepts that form the basis of the post-modern cosmopolitan approach: discourse ethics, communicative reason, the principles of discourse, and the idea of fundamental goals. Following this I discuss the nature of ‘reasons,’ in order to make sense of the claim of discourse ethics that we should engage with each other via an ‘exchange of reasons,’ and also to outline some of the key distinctions necessary for understanding the praxis of post-modern cosmopolitanism, the ‘cosmopolitan conversation’. Finally I examine some of the deficiencies in Habermas’s discourse ethics, and show how post-modern cosmopolitanism can overcome them. I conclude by outlining the nature of the ‘cosmopolitan conversation,’ and gesture at how we might begin to apply post-modern cosmopolitanism in real-world situations.
Late Holocene Sediment Deposition in Lake Wairarapa
Authors:   , Trodahl Martha Ingrid
Published: November 2021

Lake Wairarapa is a highly modified lacustrine system at the southern end of the North Island, New Zealand. Not only is it situated in a region that is affected by catchment altering natural phenomena such as earthquakes, storms and fire, but both the catchment and hydrology of the lake have also been significantly altered by humans. Polynesian settlers arrived in the area approximately 700BP and proceeded to deforest the lowlands. European settlers began arriving from 1844AD onwards, completing deforestation of the lowlands and Eastern Uplands. In 1964 the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme was commissioned in an effort to alleviate flooding. This scheme significantly altered the hydrological regime of the lake. Interest in the condition of the lake and associated wetlands, and the realization that it has important recreational, cultural and ecological value, began to develop in the 1990's. This has led to a desire to see the lake restored to a more natural condition while still maintaining its flood protection capabilities. However, the lake has only been monitored over the last several decades. Any evidence of the lakes condition prior to this time is anecdotal and little is known of its natural tendencies and functions. This research has investigated and quantified morphological changes to Lake Wairarapa at the decadal and millenial scale using a combination of aerial photograph analysis, bathymetric survey comparison and lakebed core analysis. Study at these diverse scales has allowed the observed changes to be related to human environmental modification, while also being juxtaposed against natural trajectories of change. It is hoped that this can inform lake management and restoration efforts and provide a benchmark for measuring future changes to the lake, while also addressing wider issues concerning natural versus anthropogenic landscape change at the local and regional scale. The results of this project suggest that the lake has been steadily infilling over the last 6000BP – particularly along the eastern shore. For the two decades after significant hydrological changes to the lake associated with the Lower Wairarapa Valley Development Scheme, the rate of infilling on the eastern shore increased more than tenfold. However, this was accompanied by deepening in other parts of the lake. Today infilling along the eastern shore appears to have returned to natural rates and overall the lake in 2010 is only slightly smaller in volume than in 1975. Longer term anthropogenic influence on the lake and catchment was also evident. In particular Polynesian settlement and subsequent deforestation by fire was apparent in the lakebed cores. This result not only addresses the immediate issue of anthropogenic influence on this particular lacustrine system, but also informs the debate surrounding the dating of Polynesian arrival in New Zealand.
Patterns of Connectivity and Isolation in Marine Populations
Authors:   , Salinas de León Pelayo
Published: November 2021

There is ongoing debate about the levels of connectivity among marine populations and despite its importance, there is limited information on the levels of population connectivity in most geographic locations. This lack of information severely limits our ability to adequately manage the marine environment including the design and implementation of Marine Reserve (MRs) networks. The specific objectives of this thesis were to: 1) Develop polymorphic microsatellite loci for my model species, the intertidal gastropod Austrolittorina cincta; 2) Conduct population genetic studies across A.cincta populations within the Cook strait region to asses the levels of connectivity within the regional marine reserve network; 3) Determine the levels of A. cincta larval movement and settlement from an isolated source; and 4) Asses the effect of the larval abundance on settlement rates. This thesis includes laboratory studies; population genetic studies; and field surveys within New Zealand and in the Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia. Eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for A. cincta and five of these loci were used to investigate population connectivity across seven populations within the Cook Strait region, including four marine reserves. In the population genetics study, in contrast to what was expected, I recorded low, but significant genetic differentiation between most population pairs within the Cook Strait region, over a minimum and maximum spatial scale of 55 to 300 km, including several of the MRs. In a large-scale field settlement survey on the Kapiti coast combined with the use of microsatellite markers I investigated A. cincta larval movement and settlement and found that most larvae settle within 5 km, although some larvae might travel up to 50 km. Finally, the coral settlement studies in the Wakatobi National Park revealed lower coral settlement rates at sites with low adult coral cover, suggesting an effect of the the amount of local available larvae on coral settlement rates. While it has been suggested that marine populations are demographically open, with larvae connecting populations separated over large spatial scales, this thesis shows that populations might not be as open as previously considered and localized dispersal and self-recruitment processes might be a frequent feature in marine populations. This thesis provides valuable information to managers about marine reserve networks and the importance of adequate environmental protection to ensure future viable populations.
Golden-Mean and Secret Sharing Matroids
Authors:   , Welsh Michael
Published: November 2021

Maximum-sized results are an important part of matroid theory, and results currently exist for various classes of matroids. Archer conjectured that the maximum-sized golden-mean matroids fall into three distinct classes, as op- posed to the one class of all current results. We will prove a partial result that we hope will lead to a full proof. In the second part of this thesis, we look at secret sharing matroids, with a particular emphasis on the class of group-induced p-representable matroids, as introduced by Matúš. We give new proofs for results of Matúš', relating to M(K₄), F₇ and F⁻₇. We show that the techniques used do not extend in some natural ways, and pose some unanswered questions relating to the structure of secret sharing matroids.
Kindergarten and New Entrant Teachers' Beliefs and Practices in Mathematics Teaching and Learning
Authors:   , Sherley Brenda Mary
Published: November 2021

A difference between the beliefs and practices about mathematics learning and teaching held by teachers in kindergartens and teachers in new entrant classrooms may lead to problems as teachers and children manage the transition from kindergarten to school. The New Zealand education system is governed by various curriculum documents underpinned by similar philosophies to support teacher practice. These documents are based on an expectation that teachers build from children’s existing knowledge and experiences. The system is based on expectations relating to knowledge that are loosely linked to the year level and age of children. Evidence about teachers’ practices and beliefs was gathered using a case study approach. Five primary schools and their neighbouring kindergartens were purposively selected for this study. Fourteen kindergarten and five new entrant teachers were observed and interviewed and completed questionnaires about their beliefs and practices in mathematics teaching and learning over a two year period. Mathematical events were analysed to document teachers’ practices. Kindergarten teachers’ practice most commonly mirrored their stated beliefs about how children best learned mathematics. New entrant teachers, although possessing similar stated beliefs to kindergarten teachers, did not necessarily follow these beliefs in their classroom practice. The beliefs of kindergarten and new entrant teachers in mathematics teaching and learning were similar, but their practices differed in several dimensions. Kindergarten teachers believed children best learned mathematics through free play and exploration of the world around them. These teachers encouraged children to follow their own interests and supported children as they developed their ideas and became active problem solvers. These beliefs arose from teachers’ personal experiences combined with the primarily sociocultural focus of the early childhood curriculum, Te Whariki. New entrant teachers’ beliefs about mathematics learning and teaching were similar to those of kindergarten teachers – children learned through having fun, solving problems, and doing things in a real-life context. However, new entrant teachers also had clear expectations of the skills five-year-olds needed to know on their entry to school. When children did not appear to possess these skills, teachers focused on remediation of the perceived deficits. In practice, new entrant teachers directed children’s learning based on their beliefs about what children needed to know to be successful at school. This approach lead to structured and managed environments with little regard for children’s prior-to-school knowledge and experiences. These inconsistencies in mathematics teaching and learning between schools and kindergartens could be minimised with professional development for teachers that focused on developing the relationships between teachers in both settings.
Just a Phase? Assessment of the Potential for Phase Change Materials in New Zealand Buildings
Authors:   , Harland Alice
Published: November 2021

Phase change materials in buildings could save energy and cost by bridging the gap between when energy is available and when it is needed. This is because they are capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy by melting and solidifying at an appropriate temperature for use in buildings. Yet, despite being in development for decades, PCM building materials have not achieved significant market penetration. This thesis investigates ways in which Phase Change Materials have been used in buildings in the past and what products are currently available. The investigation suggests that because of cost these materials might be appropriately applied to commercial interiors. It explores the history of office design internationally and in New Zealand and suggests alternative ways in which PCM materials could be used that would be attractive to designers and architects. By assessing the results of two modelling studies this research is able to suggest at what cost these products may become viable. The thesis concludes that market penetration unlikely to change significantly unless one or more of the following occur; A significantly cheaper, and sustainable, PCM is found Domestic electricity prices rise so dramatically that the potential 20% space heating saving accruing from PCMs becomes far more significant A level of design value is added to the development of PCM products in order to attract a wider market In the making of low energy and sustainable buildings it has been recognised that a multi-disciplinary approach is vital for a successful outcome, and it would seem logical that same would be true of developing new products towards the goal of sustainability. Designers and engineers must work collaboratively to create desirable products and accurate and validated information about their performance in buildings is needed for architects to persuade clients to use new materials and take the lead in the process of achieving majority acceptance. Despite previous international research, these studies show that in New Zealand PCM application has more benefit in residential applications than in the commercial sector.
On the Bravery of Women: The Ancient Amazon and Her Modern Counterparts
Authors:   , Whalley Jo
Published: November 2021

In a favourite mythological motif of the Greeks, the Amazons fought many of the most celebrated Greek heroes and lived in independent societies on the fringes of the known world. These warrior women appear throughout Greek literature and art of every kind, defined by characteristics which differentiated them from ‘ordinary’ women: heroic capability and skills in battle; an unusual lifestyle, marked out by traditions often the very opposite of those of the Greeks, including unique mothering customs; and a significant independence from men, including systems of gynaecocracy or the wholesale exclusion of men from their society. Yet despite their reputations as fierce and talented combatants, the Amazons were constantly bested by their male counterparts and either killed in battle or abducted for marriage. It seems that whenever they fought against the Greeks, they lost. In an interesting case of the adaptation of myth to the modern world, the archetypal features of the Amazon (as the Greeks imagined her) can also be found in a variety of television and film characters. Through an analysis of both the ancient and ‘modern’ Amazon, I show how this symbol benefits greatly from the vastly different social context of western society in the twentieth century which enables the Amazon to become an affirmative model of female heroism. The case-study approach adopted here examines instances of the ‘modern’ Amazon in Wonder Woman, Xena: Warrior Princess, Alien/Aliens, The Terminator/Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Kill Bill Volume 1 and 2 and notes that, while encompassing many of the same traits as their ancient predecessors, these Amazons are no longer constantly on the losing side of the battle. The successes of feminism and the changing expectations which accompany them transform the Amazon from the defeated warrior into the triumphant victor.
The Use of Microforms in New Zealand Public Tertiary Institutions
Authors:   , Hamill William Gregory
Published: November 2021

Developments in the technologies available to libraries have precipitated a change in how library managers handle their collections, shifting focus from collection management to content management. Microform has been a tool of the research library for many years; the aim of this project is to discern whether the libraries of public tertiary institutions in New Zealand are still using and managing microform collections, and whether there is any perceived future for the medium. Thirty three institutions' libraries were approached representing New Zealand's polytechnics, universities, and wānanga. Their collection managers were asked questions regarding their holding of microform, the management, promotion and use of those resources, and whether they see the technology continuing as a relevant medium. The results indicated that microform is generally only held in universities and wānanga; those resources generally receive no special treatment, and there is only a limited perceived future for the medium. The impacts of these findings are discussed, and opportunities for further research in this area are raised.
The Integration of Chinese Opera Traditions into New Musical Compositions
Authors:   , Shen Nalin
Published: November 2021

Almost fifty years ago Chinese composer Chou Wen-chung proposed a musical “re-merger” of East and West. For many Chinese composers of today a sense of historical continuity and an awareness of inherited musical traditions are important contributor to cultural identity, and a basis on which to build the future. The generation that emerged after the Cultural Revolution found new freedoms, and has become, at the beginning of the twentyfirst century, a significant presence on the international musical stage, as the paradigm shifts away from being European-centered, to a culture belonging to the “global village”. As with many other Chinese composers of my generation, the creation of new compositions is both a personal expression and a manifestation of cultural roots. Techniques of “integration” and “translation” of musical elements derived from traditional Chinese music and music-theatre are a part of my musical practice. The use of traditional Chinese instruments, often in combination with Western instruments, is a no longer a novelty. The written exegesis examines some of the characteristic elements of xìqǜ (the generic term for all provincial Chinese operas), including dǎ (percussion - an enlarged interpretation of dǎ, as found in chuānjù gāoqiāng Sichuan gāoqiān opera), bǎnqiāng (The musical style that characterizes Chinese xìqǚ), and niànbái  (recitation and dialogue), as well as the kuàibǎnshū (storytelling with percussion) of qǚyì (a term to use to include all folk genres), and shāngē (mountain song). The techniques employed in integrating and translating these elements into original compositions are then analyzed. In the second volume of the thesis the scores of five compositions are presented, four of the five works are set in Chinese, exploring the dramatic aspects of language, and may be considered music-theatre, one being an opera scene intended for stage production.
Techniques for Improving Web Search by Understanding Queries
Authors:   , Crabtree Daniel Wayne
Published: November 2021

This thesis investigates the refinement of web search results with a special focus on the use of clustering and the role of queries. It presents a collection of new methods for evaluating clustering methods, performing clustering effectively, and for performing query refinement. The thesis identifies different types of query, the situations where refinement is necessary, and the factors affecting search difficulty. It then analyses hard searches and argues that many of them fail because users and search engines have different query models. The thesis identifies best practice for evaluating web search results and search refinement methods. It finds that none of the commonly used evaluation measures for clustering meet all of the properties of good evaluation measures. It then presents new quality and coverage measures that satisfy all the desired properties and that rank clusterings correctly in all web page clustering situations. The thesis argues that current web page clustering methods work well when different interpretations of the query have distinct vocabulary, but still have several limitations and often produce incomprehensible clusters. It then presents a new clustering method that uses the query to guide the construction of semantically meaningful clusters. The new clustering method significantly improves performance. Finally, the thesis explores how searches and queries are composed of different aspects and shows how to use aspects to reduce the distance between the query models of search engines and users. It then presents fully automatic methods that identify query aspects, identify underrepresented aspects, and predict query difficulty. Used in combination, these methods have many applications — the thesis describes methods for two of them. The first method improves the search results for hard queries with underrepresented aspects by automatically expanding the query using semantically orthogonal keywords related to the underrepresented aspects. The second method helps users refine hard ambiguous queries by identifying the different query interpretations using a clustering of a diverse set of refinements. Both methods significantly outperform existing methods.
Discussion on the Artistic Features and Multiple Connotations of Early Architecture and Statues in Dunhuang Grottoes
Authors:   Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China, Zhao Zijian
Published: November 2021

Grotto art is one of the most important artistic expressions in Buddhist art, it is a comprehensive art that integrates architectural art, statue art and mural art. Dunhuang Grottoes group is one of the four largest grottoes groups in China, and it is also the largest and most abundant grottoes group in the world. This paper selects the early architectural art and statue art of the Dunhuang Grottoes as the research object with describing its artistic characteristics. Furthermore, this paper also attempts to explore the connotation of the multicultural art of the Dunhuang Grottoes based on factors such as the geographical location and historical background of the Dunhuang Grottoes, and ask an expert.
Discussion on Completion Survey Technology and Method of Construction Project Planning
Authors:   Yuncheng County Urban Planning Technical Service Center, Heze, Shandong, 274700, China, Wu Xiaofei
Published: November 2021

after the completion of the project to organize the measurement and acceptance work, for the overall building structure of the plane position and various parts of the area, data to understand and confirm, so as to achieve the original scheduled construction goals, to provide an important reference for the subsequent project reconstruction and expansion. Therefore, in the development process of construction projects, we must pay attention to the construction project planning and completion measurement work. When this paper studies this, we should first understand the basic principles to follow in the completion measurement of construction engineering planning, and on this basis to explore some specific measurement techniques and methods, hoping to have a deeper understanding of them.
Inquiry on the Management Method of Pile Foundation Construction in Construction Engineering
Authors:   Jinan Tianqiao District Water Service Center, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China, Tao Lizhen
Published: November 2021

At the present stage, the expanding scale of construction infrastructure in China has brought a lot of guarantee role to promoting the sustainable development of China’s national economy. Pile foundation construction plays an important position in construction engineering, and has a very important impact on the overall quality level of construction engineering. However, in the actual pile foundation construction, there are still many problems, restricting the quality of pile foundation construction. Therefore, the construction department of construction engineering should do a good job in construction management, improve the overall quality of pile foundation construction.
Enerji Depolamalı Bir Boruda Nanoakışkan Kullanımının Isıl Performansa Etkisinin Sayısal Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: BAKIR Eda , IŞIK Erdem , UÇAR Aynur , BAYRAK Fatih
Published: November 2021

Teknolojideki gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, yüksek verimli elektronik cihazlardan beklenen verimlilik ve güvenirliğe ulaşmak için iyi bir termal performansa sahip yeni yaklaşımlar ve soğutuculara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada aynı hidrolik çapa, kanal uzunluğuna ve kesit geometrisine sahip alüminyum boru kullanılmıştır. Sistemin ısı transfer hızını arttırmak için; boru içerisinde su, %1 ve %2 derişimlerine sahip Al2O3/su nanoakışkanları, boru dış yüzeyinde ise 5mm kalınlığında RT25HC faz değiştiren maddesi (FDM) kullanılmıştır. Alüminyum boru içerisinden geçirilen akışkanlar dört farklı hız ve dört farklı Reynolds sayısında ANSYS 20.2 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Elde edilen sonuçlara göre her bir akışkan için kütlesel erime oranı ve Nusselt sayısı hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde en iyi Nusselt ve sıvı oranına Reynolds 1500 ve %2 Al2O3/su’da ulaşılmıştır. Tüm soğutucu akışkanlar için akışkan hızının artmasıyla soğutucu akışkanların kütlesel erime oranının ve Nusselt sayısının arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Taxonomic analysis of bryofloristic complexes of Eastern Europe
Authors: Maslovsky O. M.
Published: November 2021

To assess the spatial distribution of bryophyte species in Eastern Europe, more than 53,000 localities of 1296 species were analyzed in 397 squares of 100×100 km. In terms of frequency of occurrence, rare species (from 6 to 25 squares) and very rare (from 1 to 5 squares) prevail in Eastern Europe. It was shown that more than 60 % of the taxonomic diversity of bryophytes is in a threatened or close to threatened state in the region. Based on biogeographic zoning, 6 regions (alpine, arctic, boreal, nemoral, arid, subtropical) and 12 subregions were identified. The characteristics of the taxonomic diversity of bryophyte regions and subregions are given, specific species are given and the centers of concentration of bryophyte species diversity in Eastern Europe are identified. There are 162 species in only one subregion, and 68 bryophyte taxa are found in all regions and subregions. The maximum species diversity is observed in the Alpine region (1066 species), which is explained by the general nature of the biological characteristics of bryophytes, the variety of ecological conditions in this region and the presence in Eastern Europe of 4 geographically different mountain subregions: the west of the Kola Peninsula, the Urals, the Carpathians and the foothills of the Caucasus.
Study of acid-alkaline conditions of different-age arable soils of landscape catens of Central Forest-Steppe
Authors: Kovalyova E. V. , Vagurin I. Yu. , Akinchin A. V. , Kuzmina O. S.
Published: November 2021

Fertility of soils is largely determined by their physical and chemical properties. Response of soil environment is a mobile indicator of soil fertility. Direction and intensity of almost all soil processes that provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassi- um regimes of soils, as well as availability of macro- and microelements for plants, depend on it. The paper presents the result of a field study of acid-alkaline conditions of profiles of black soil of typical and leached different terms of agricultural use of soil cat- ens of the meadow-steppe section of the Belgorod region in 2019. The research object was different-age arable areas with an age of agricultural development of 140 and 240 years, respectively. The steepness of surface in areas corresponding to the meadow-steppe zonal landscape of the forest-steppe did not exceed 4-6 °. As a result of field studies, 32 incisions were studied in the mead- ow-steppe section (6 incisions on background catens and 12 incisions on open catens). Each incision was provided with layered values of morphometric indicators of soil horizons. For background steppe soils, shade slopes are characterized by more alkaline conditions, in comparison with southern slopes. For 140-year-old arable land, the situation is opposite: shadow slopes have a more acidic reaction of the medium, in comparison with insoluble ones; for 240-year-old arable land, alkaline-acid conditions on the slopes of opposite expositions did not differ significantly. In the first 140 years of plowing, acidification of the soil profile occurs; the difference in the pH value between the background and arable land values of 140 years of age on the slope of the northern ex- position reaches 1.6 on the surface, gradually decreasing to 0.2 at depth. Further plowing leads to alkalization of the soil profile by 0.6-0.9 pH units. The research results can be used in development of agricultural systems in crop industries.
The first women-deputies in the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR of the first convocation
Authors: Barabash N. V.
Published: November 2021

The article, based on the introduction into scientific field a wide range of unknown sources, first shows the holding of elections and the election of deputies to the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR of the first convocation of 1938. The author considers the legal basis for theof the Central Executive Committee of the BSSR and the creation in accordance with the Constitution of the BSSR 1937 the highest legislative body of the republic – the Supreme Soviet. The author examines the policy of the Soviet government to include women to government and government bodies. A quantitative, social, educational analysis of women-deputies in the highest legislative body of the BSSR of the first convocation was carried out
Newsreel footage of the liberation of Minsk and its art history attribution
Authors: Ramisheuski K. I.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of studying the Golden Fund of National newsreels of the liberation of Belarus from the German-fascist invaders. The article provides an analysis of process of systematization and cataloging of the array of front-line film archiving in the post-war decades and gives a quantitative assessment of the collections of frontline newsreels stored in the Film archives of Russia and Belarus. There is information about previously unknown archival sources such as cinematographer’s reports which allow the attribution of newsreel’s material. The article evaluates the range of practical applicability of the author’s methodology of historical and artistic attribution which is presented on the example of well-known symbolic film frames taken in liberated Minsk on July 3, 1944.