bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF MODERN FRANCE’S POLICY IN OVERCOMING CRISIS IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE: EXPANSION OF THE STATE SOCIAL GUARANTEES, TARGETING AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE SOCIAL HELP
Authors: Преображенская Арина , Preobrazhenskaya Arina , Арифуллин Марат , Arifullin Marat
Published: October 2016

The article analyzes the most pressing social and economic problems of modern France. The crisis phenomena in economy have led to an aggravation of many social problems and deepening of existing social inequality. The young people, especially with low levels of education and professional qualifications, became the most affected part of society and have expanded the increased ranks of the unemployed and recipients of minimum social benefits.

Dramatically increase government spending has led to growth of government deficits. The government has taken a number of measures to reduce costs, including in the social sphere. The article deals with reforms of Socialist Party that is in power. President Hollande’s measures for strengthening the competitiveness and steps to tighten budgetary policy did not lead to a significant improvement of economic indicators in the country.

Particular attention is paid to innovations in the field of social protection. The authors conclude that the French State has kept its position as a guarantor of social development and has pursued a policy of distribution of a set of social standards for emerging categories of recipients. At the same time there is tendency of more "targeting" and diversification of social support.

It is noted that the desire of the French authorities to intensify the implementation of "republican values" in the consciousness of the suburbs inhabitants is based on strong reasons. In recent years researchers are observing a tendency to "re-islamization" of young people, immigrants and their descendants, who mainly live in the suburbs of large cities. Exclusion from the economic life of this category of Muslims, particularly youth, its social marginalization contributed to increased influence of religious ideology, often in its radical forms.

The authors draw the conclusion that the authorities were forced to look for ways to reduce costs, including in the social sphere. It was not a curtailing of social guarantees but granting more flexibility to this system, the transfer of the gravity center from the payment of benefits to unemployed to encouraging labor activity. There is a desire for greater diversification and targeting of social support. At the same time the state social guarantees to provide a decent life for all citizens have been expanded.
Mental health and psychosocial support in areas affected by conflict: review of programs in the Chechen Republic
Authors: Burina Ekaterina , Burina Darina
Published: October 2016

The social condition addressed in this paper is the mental and psychosocial trauma experienced by victims of violent conflicts. The study attempts to evaluate mental health and psychosocial support programs and the healing of the community in its entirety during peace building and reconciliation processes. The research uses qualitative method in order to assess the impact of the programs. The paper evaluates a case study of the Chechen Republic in Russia, which was chosen due to its recent signing of the peace treaty and cessation of hostilities. The end of the violence was selected as the baseline time in order to compare the achievements of programs from current times. The study has shown that mental health programs implemented in areas that have recently achieved peace aids in decreasing the general level of violence by de-escalating inner tensions and protracted built-up anger among victims and perpetrators.
Evaluation of psychometric properties and factor structure of the Polish version of Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI)
Authors: Kocjan Janusz
Published: October 2016

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was to adapt english language version of Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) developed by Salkovskis et all., to Polish conditions and to investigate its psychometric properties and factor structure in clinical and non-clinical samples.

Subject or material and methods

A total of 296 subjects participated in this study: 172 clinical samples (46% females and 54% males; mean age: 57,29 ± 13,01 years) and 124 non-clinical samples (51% females and 49% males; mean age: 54,45 ± 13,63). They completed the polish language version of an 18-item SHAI and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). To assess psychometric proporties, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, item-total statistics, construct and convergent validity, and analysis of ROC curves were performed.

Results

The internal consistency (Cronbach's α of 0,91 and 0,92) and the test-retest reliability (r=0,91 and r=0,94) was excellent for both samples. Correlational analysis revealed a significant relationship of anxiety to SHAI total score and to each of two SHAI subscales. Using the factor analysis, two-factors solution were found, which accounted 48% and 49% of the variance, respectively. A cut-off score of 20 was optimal for detecting severe form of health anxiety in clinical and non-clinical samples, considering the best balance between specificity and sensitivity.

Discussion

Despite the widespread application of SHAI, polish language version was not created to this time. The results of the psychometric properties of the scale, confirmed a high reliability and accuracy of the proposed solutions.

Conclusions

This findings provide that polish language version of the SHAI is reliable and valid instrument to detect health anxiety.
Group psychoeducation in the bipolar disorder – its influence on the cognitive representation of illness and the basic personality dimensions. Study with control group.
Authors: Grabski Bartosz
Published: October 2016

Objectives
The study aims to determine whether participation in structured group psychoeducation has an influence on the cognitive representation of illness and whether the basic personality traits are mediating factors in the process of its potential change.
Method
The study included 40 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of the bipolar disorder according to DSM IV who had an appointment at a surgery: the first 20 were included in the study group and the following 20 in the control group. All patients had to be in functional remission. The final statistical analysis includes 14 subjects from each group. The cognitive representation of the illness was presented in terms of the following variables: acceptance of illness, locus of health control, general self-efficacy, hope for success and beliefs about the condition. The intervention used was a structured group psychoeducation programme. Both groups were tested at three points in time (before intervention in the study group, after the intervention, and six months later).
Results
In the group who took part in the psychoeducation, statistically significant positive changes were observed in the internal locus of health control, the ability to find solutions, the sense of self-efficacy and the beliefs about the bipolar disorder during the tests directly after the end of the programme. Conscientiousness turned out to be a partial mediator for changes in terms of the ability to find solution.
Conclusions
Psychoeducation can have a positive effect on variables connected with cognitive representation of illness. Personality variables can have an influence too.
Prescribing considerations for nurses administering cosmetic injectables
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: October 2016

Following the changes to rules around remote prescribing in 2013, Naomi Di-Scala looks at how this has impacted on the work of aesthetic nurses over the past few years. She examines the Nursing and Midwifery Council and General Medical Council guidelines that should be adhered to by health professionals who are prescribing cosmetic injectable products, such as botulinum toxin
Going for gold: how do you push your clinic's customer service to the next level?
Authors: Mclintock Avril , Doherty Margaret , Mcgloin Claudia , Leather Caroline
Published: October 2016

Every sector caters to people with different needs, requiring business owners to know as much as possible about their target audience and make a concerted effort to not only meet, but also exceed their expectations. In this issue, four practice managers from award-winning aesthetic clinics discuss how to retain patients by providing an excellent standard of customer service
Teenagers with autism
Authors: Symons Kristina
Published: October 2016

Understanding autism can allow teachers to better support students, especially when they encounter difficulties. Kristina Symons looks here at two prevailing traits of ASD as well as the social anxiety that is often common – and offers some practical advice
Avoiding the year 8 ‘dip’
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: October 2016

Continuing his focus on key stage 3 education, Matt Bromley looks at how we can tackle the common problem of the year 8 ‘dip’, when students can suffer from a lack of motivation and engagement
The veterinary nurse's role in recognition and management of pain in rabbits
Authors: Richardson Deborah
Published: October 2016

This article focuses on pain management in rabbits, how staff and owners can better recognise it, and to what extent it can be prevented. Rabbits are a prey species and therefore hide any signs of weakness, it can also be difficult to determine between anxiety and pain. A review of literary evidence will discuss in what areas practices can ensure species specific care and recommended analgesia protocols, concluding with how veterinary nurses can be at the forefront of improving both practice and client education.
A questionnaire based study to assess compassion fatigue in UK practising veterinary nurses
Authors: Smith Nicola
Published: October 2016

Background:

Veterinary staff have been identified as a profession at high risk of suffering from the effects of compassion fatigue (CF), although no specific studies have been carried out to date to assess the risk to UK registered veterinary nurses (RVNs), of this important area of mental health.

Aims and objectives:

To establish whether CF was a risk factor to RVNs, with the aim of improving mental wellbeing across the veterinary profession as a whole.

Methods:

An internet-based survey was produced, open to all RVNs who had worked in practice within the last 30 days, using a version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale V (ProQOL). The survey was promoted through various means including social media, an email campaign of veterinary practices and an internet link promoted through veterinary nurse (VN) training colleges.

Results:

A total of 992 eligible responses were received; 92.8% of respondents were identified as being at moderate/high risk of burnout, with 68.1% of respondents being at moderate/high risk of secondary traumatic stress (STS). Levels of burnout and STS were statistically lower in those experiencing high levels of compassion satisfaction (CS).

Conclusion:

The statistical analysis performed showed that RVNs are at risk of suffering from CF. The study revealed that working as an RVN posed a risk to mental health in the form of CF. The preventative effect of CS was statistically significant therefore employers should strive to ensure their workers achieve satisfaction in their work to help maintain a mentally healthy workforce.
Association of chlorhexidine and high fluoride dentifrice on Streptococcus mutans viability using an in vitro biofilm model
Authors: Santana Guilherme Bandeira , Silva Debora Lima , Ferreira Josie Haydée Lima , Rolim Fabiana Gouveia , Vale Glauber Campos
Published: October 2016

Objective. This in vitro study investigated the effect of Fluoride (F), Chlorhexidine (CHX), and their association on the viability of Streptococcus mutans using a biofilm model. Materials and Methods. Biofilms were anaerobically grown on glass slides that were vertically suspended in 24-well plates for 5 days.  After 48 h of initial growth, biofilms were treated for the next 72 h, 2x/day with CHX at 0.12% and 2%, F as NaF at 0.08% and 0.4% and their association. Results. CHX treatment decreased the bacteria counts either alone or in association with both F concentrations, when compared with control group and the F treatments alone (p<0.05). Conclusion. No addition effect was observed when CHX and F were used in combination, when compared with CHX used alone.
Tooth abnormalities in pediatric patients submitted to antineoplastic treatment for central nervous system neoplasms
Authors: Demasi Ornella Florio , Fava Marcelo , Carrillo Camila Merida , Amaral Terezinha Garrett de Freitas Sampaio , Odone Filho Vicente
Published: October 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of tooth abnormalities in pediatric patients treated for central nervous system neoplasms. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study assessed thirty-one patients, median age 14.2 years (range 5 - 25), who were off therapy for at least one year, comparatively with a control group of thirty-one healthy patients matched for age with the study group. Tooth abnormalities were evaluated by panoramic radiographs. Results: There was no statistical significant evidence that patients of the study group (age range 5 - 25 years) have more frequency of tooth abnormalities comparatively with controls.   However, in children who were diagnosed before 5 years of age, microdontia was the most common abnormality with statistically significant difference (P=0.037). Root shortening grade III was observed in patients over 10 years of age at the time of radiographic examination, also with statistical significance (P=0.046). Conclusions: Tooth abnormalities frequency in patients treated for central nervous system neoplasms is directly related to the age of diagnosis and stage of odontogenesis. Microdontia and reduced root surface areas, the most common abnormalities observed, can lead to future oral health impairment due to malocclusion and less periodontal support. It is important to give parents and patients early orientation about maintenance of good oral hygiene and proper treatment by orthodontics or dentofacial orthopedics.
Analysis of stress in the walls of simulated artificial root canals during instrumentation with Reciproc system: a pilot study using a photoelastic model
Authors: Vilela Ana Elisa , Raldi Denise Pontes , Cardoso Flavia Goulart Rosa , Claro Cristiane Aparecida de Assis , Habitante Sandra Márcia
Published: October 2016

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to perform in vitro analysis of the stress related to instrumentation of artificial root canals with Reciproc System by using the photoelasticity method. Material and Methods: Photoelastic models consisted of two epoxy resin blocks simulating root canals, which were attached with cyanoacrylate adhesive to a base and placed at the centre of a circular polariscope in a dark-field configuration. The Reciproc R25 instrument was mounted to a VDW motor and used in block 1 up to 12 mm (working length) and then the same instrument was used in block 2. The images were captured by video camera and analysed at the time of the fourth penetration. Isochromatic fringes were observed in the cervical, middle and apical thirds at mesial and distal regions of each block. Therefore, they were divided into cervical-mesial (CM), cervical-distal (CD), middle-mesial (MM), middle-distal (MD), apical-mesial (AM) and apical-distal (AD). Results: In the first instrumentation, it was found that the greatest stress occurred at the middle-distal region (1.38), followed by middle-mesial (1.20), apical-distal (1.20) and apical-mesial regions (1.20). In the second instrumentation, the greatest stress occurred at the middle-mesial (1.20), apical-distal (1.20), apical-mesial (1.20) and middle-distal regions (0.90). Conclusion: The greatest stress occurred in the middle and apical thirds during the first instrumentation. Re-utilization caused less stress. KeywordsDental Stress Analysis; Endodontic; Instrumentation.
Hemoglobin E in Northeast India: A review on its origin, distribution, migration and health implication
Authors: Sikdar Mithun
Published: October 2016

A systematic review of the studies on hemoglobin E in Northeast India has been carried out to understand the magnitude of research undertaken on this aspect during the last seven decades. Owing to the high prevalence of hemoglobin E in this part of India different authors have studied this hemoglobin from different perspectives and found conflicting results. However a systematic review of such studies is lacking from a holistic point of view. Most of the epidemiological, in vitro as well as in vivo studies show signatures of selection with this hemoglobin locus. However, how this polymorphism is maintained at different rates at different geographical region is still a matter of contention. This review will fill the gap from all perspectives starting from the frequency distribution of hemoglobin E and its spread in different parts of Northeast India, its relationship with malaria hypothesis, the population migration, population affinity and most importantly the health implication arising out of it. A probable origin of hemoglobin E among an Austroasiatic population of Northeast India has been postulated with the help of advance molecular anthropological knowledge like the deep rooted markers of mt DNA and Y-chromosome haplotypes.
Effects of aging on the function of the urinary system: longitudinal changes with age in selected urine parameters in a hospitalized population of older adults
Authors: Chmielewski Piotr , Strzelec Bartłomiej , Borysławski Krzysztof , Chmielowiec Krzysztof , Chmielowiec Jolanta , Dąbrowski Paweł
Published: October 2016

Although normal aging does not have a pernicious effect on the homeostasis of fluids, renal reserve in elderly people can be depleted. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between longitudinal changes with age in basic urine parameters (specific gravity and pH) in older men and women, depending on their body height and relative body weight. Longitudinal data on these two quantitative traits of the urine were available for 142 physically healthy individuals, including 68 men and 74 women. All subjects were 45 years of age at the beginning and 70 at the end of the period under investigation. All measurements were taken in accordance with internationally accepted requirements. Specific gravity was assessed using a hydrometer, and pH was measured using a pH meter. ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis were performed. No significant sex differences in specific gravity or urine pH were observed. In both sexes, urine specific gravity decreased with age according to exponential model of regression. In men, there was a gradual increase in the pH of the urine until age 65, and the best fitting regression model was polynomial. In women, on the other hand, there was an exiguous decrease in urine pH throughout the period under study, and the best fitting regression model proved to be exponential. As the process of renal aging commences relatively early in ontogeny and manifests itself in many structural and functional changes, urinalysis and other more sophisticated methods of diagnosis of renal diseases are essential for proper assessment of health status of adults and older individuals. The rate of age-related changes in the analyzed traits of the urine was commensurate in both sexes, thereby revealing no evidence of significant sex differences in terms of renal aging in the period between 45 and 70 years of age.
Soil enzymatic activity in artificially and naturally regenerated forests after wind damage in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Olszowska Grażyna
Published: October 2016

The aim of the study was to describe biochemical reactions in the soil based on the activity of urease and dehydrogenases in Scots pine stands damaged during and differentially managed after hurricanes. Soil enzymatic activity was investigated in 2005 and again in 2013 for selected stands in the Pisz Forest District where wind damage occurred in 2002. Most of the damaged stands were cut down and replanted, but 445 ha were left untouched for study purposes. The investigated areas differed with respect to stand damage and management. The enzymatic activity correlated well with the content of organic matter which was higher in organic than in mineral soils. In the area left to regenerate naturally, dehydrogenase and urease activity was higher in 2013 compared to 2005, which suggests the improvement of site conditions. The values of the examined biochemical parameters were correlated with the type of forest regeneration, with the forest soil regeneration being higher in artificially than in naturally regenerated stands. Changes of soil enzymatic activity were correlated with the level of stand damage and the type of management after wind damage.
Evolving training modules for hearing impaired individuals for gainful
employment in garment manufacturing processes
Authors: Chaudhry Jyoti Bhasin
Published: October 2016

The present study was undertaken to create job opportunities for
hearing-impaired individuals in garment-manufacturing and sequin-finishing
units. Employment is not only a statistical and practical issue but also a
human rights and entitlement issue. The differently abled are no exception
to this basic right. Disability is no longer a welfare or charity issue.
However, unlike non-disabled people, people with disabilities, more often
than not, face difficulties in getting educated and in accessing vocational
training and higher education. Working with people with disabilities can be
challenging, but by providing them with work and recognition, it can be the
beginning of another way of life rather than the end of life for them. It is
important to identify their capabilities and accordingly find suitable jobs,
wherein with proper training along with encouragement, compassion, and
constant motivation, they can effectively adapt to and settle in specific
job operations. This study identifies various operations in different
sections of these units and explores the training possibilities there, in an
attempt to make the hearing impaired employable. Because of their limited
abilities, it requires additional efforts for them to compete in the open
labor market. Thus, this is an attempt to prove that hearing-impaired
individuals can be gainfully employed in open employment
situations.
Standardization and the myth of neutrality in language history
Authors: Rutten Gijsbert
Published: October 2016

is a crucial aspect of lay and expert definitions of standard language and of the standard language ideology. Smakman (2012, The definition of the standard language: a survey in seven countries.
Modeling social factors in language shift
Authors: Ravindranath Abtahian Maya , Cohn Abigail C. , Pepinsky Thomas
Published: October 2016

This article introduces a quantitative approach to modeling language shift in communities with millions of speakers. Using Indonesia as a case study, and employing a large body of data from the Indonesian population census, we document how factors such as urbanization, ethnicity, economic development, gender, and religion correlate with the shift from local languages (Javanese, Sundanese, etc.) to the national language, Bahasa Indonesia. Our findings inform ongoing research on the sociological foundations of language shift across both small and large communities. Methodologically, we introduce a statistical approach that borrows from other social sciences, and show how to exploit massive amounts of untapped linguistic, demographic, and sociological data.
Crystal structure of ethyl 5-amino-3-(methylthio)-1-(1-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, C21H19N5O3S2
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Baashen Mohammed , Ghabbour Hazem A.
Published: October 2016

C21H19N5O3S2, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 24.7576(12) Å, b = 5.0596(2) Å, c = 16.9165(8) Å, β = 101.630(2)°, V = 2075.52(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0427, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1040, T = 100 K.
Visual ‘Bildung’ between Iconoclasm and Idolatry
Authors: Fritze Yvonne , Haugsbakk Geir , Nordkvelle Yngve
Published: October 2016

The point of departure for this article is ‘the visual turn’, the proclaimed need for specific competencies, and furthermore the lack of clarity in the concepts and the lack of research that accompany the use of images. Terms like ‘visual literacy’ and “visual competence’ are compared with a concept of visual ‘Bildung’. ‘Bildung’ is presented as a concept that clearly goes beyond qualifications and a dominant market-oriented comprehension of competence. In its origin, ‘Bildung’ has obvious references to ‘image’, and it may also offer interesting new perspectives in the battle between words and images that has taken place throughout history and is a background to today’s situation. ‘Bildung’ opens up an interesting path between iconoclasm and idolatry. The article proclaims an urgent need for a visual and reflective ‘Bildung’, because images are closely related to the world in which we live today.
Surely, We’ll Need Backups
Authors: Silverman Randy
Published: October 2016

For 20 years the U. S. Newspaper and Brittle Books Programs focused national resources on a singular approach to preserving acidic paper in research libraries—converting printed “information” to microfilm. In many cases, the original historical material was discarded in the process. This method failed to address the root problem that could have been solved more effectively and more economically through preventive conservation. Such conservation was ignored because an ulterior motive to the brittle books “crisis” was to establish a national digital library. A serious consequence arising from this subterfuge is that today mid-sized research libraries are not committed to—and perhaps fail to comprehend the importance of—preserving their general collections. Collectively these diverse, paper-based collections represent a huge swath of the nation’s historical record. Falsely believing digital media will make paper obsolete, and motivated by a need to create space in libraries, today’s vigorous weeding for non-rare, paper-based general collections threatens to destroy evidence that will be required for research and future digitization projects. These materials will be needed as backups to accurately regenerate screen copies; as master copies to augment, enhance, or correct faulty screen copies; and, as authentication to verify original production techniques and determine provenance. Without careful coordination and item-level verification, today’s isolated weeding practices could eviscerate American general collections with devastating results for future scholarship, repeating the mistakes of the U. S. Newspaper and Brittle Books Programs.
Sport and Tourism Between Modernity and Postmodernity
Authors: Lenartowicz Michał , Isidori Emanuele , Maussier Barbara
Published: October 2016

The text presents and analyses manifestations of modernity and postmodernity in the field of competitive and recreational sport, physical education, leisure, and tourism. The paper builds upon an extensive literature survey and presents the concept and key features of postmodern societies and the modernity-postmodernity debate in sports with reference to postmodern tendencies in tourism. We have attempted to determine the proportions of tradition, modernity, and postmodernity in contemporary sport and tourism, keeping in mind that, similarly to contemporary societies as a whole, sport is undoubtedly a mixture of traditional, modern, and Fordist elements with postmodern and post-Fordist features. We present and discuss the prevailing belief that the key elements of leisure sport are mostly postmodern and focused on the notion of individualisation and freedom expressed especially in alternative sports, while commercialised mainstream sport follows the regular mass-media show-business development path, maintaining a significant amount of modern concepts, such as the importance of national identities. Special attention is also paid to the Olympic Games as a specific and very efficient mixture of modernity and postmodernity. More so than at any point in the past, and despite the actual proportions of modernity and postmodernity that it contains, contemporary sport has become an integral part of postmodern societies and their lifestyle, with technology-determined individualisation of sport consumption and leisure sport participation.
Impact of Regulation Change on Half-Court Offence in the Polish Basketball League
Authors: Gryko Karol , Słupczyński Bogusław , Kopiczko Anna
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Each change in the rules of a sport affects the way it is performed. Therefore, changes in regulations require that new training models be developed. The aim of the study was to determine whether FIBA’s introduction of new regulations in the 2010/2011 season pertaining to the dimensions of certain parts of the playing area, which changed the conditions under which the game was played, impacted the offensive actions of the top three teams in the Polish Basketball League. Material and methods. The study analysed qualitative data describing the offences (n = 16,694) performed during 200 matches of the Polish Basketball League, that is the highest-level men’s professional basketball league in Poland, during two periods: the 2009/2010 season (110 matches; n = 9,343 offences), before the regulations were modified, and the 2010/2011 season (90 matches; n = 7,351 offences), after they were changed. The research involved the players of three teams who received the gold, silver, and bronze medals in the final standings of the Polish National Championship in the 2009/2010 season. Results. The study found a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the overall number of tactical offensive actions of 3.84% and a significant (p < 0.05) 5% decrease in the mean number of points scored. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in half-court offences, amounting to almost 2% was also observed. This offensive system was characterised by a minor shift toward individual offences with the back to the basket and pick-and-roll offences; these changes, however, did not cause an increase in the level of effectiveness. Conclusions. The direction of the changes observed have been determined, which consisted in a reduction in the overall number of offensive actions and a shift in the place where they were completed, from the three-point area in particular, to the two-point area.
A Transient EPR Study of Electron Transfer in Tetrathiafulvalene-Aluminum(III) Porphyrin-Anthraquinone Supramolecular Triads
Authors: Poddutoori Prashanth K. , Kandrashkin Yuri E. , Est Art van der
Published: October 2016

The stabilization of light-induced charge separation in two axially bound triads based on aluminum(III) porphyrin (AlPor) are investigated using the electron spin polarization patterns of the final radical pair state. In the triads, TTF-(Ph)n-py-AlPor-AQ, (n=0, 1) anthraquinone (AQ) is attached covalently to the Al(III) center, while the donor tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) coordinates to Al(III) on the opposite face of the porphyrin ring via the appended pyridine (py). The dyad AlPor-AQ has been studied previously (M. Kanematsu, P. Naumov, T. Kojima, S. Fukuzumi, Chem. Eur. J. 17 (2011) 12372.) and shown to undergo fast light-induced charge separation and triplet recombination. Here, it is shown that by coordinating pyridine-appended TTF to the porphyrin, the charge separation can be stabilized. The spin polarized transient EPR spectra of the state TTF·+AQ·− can be observed in both the glass phase and in liquid solution and show that the state is formed from a singlet precursor on a timescale of less than ~0.5 ns. Using structural models to fix the geometry of the radical pair and the strength of the dipolar coupling, it is possible to determine the sign and approximate magnitude of the exchange coupling between TTF·+ and AQ·−. In contrast, other similar triads, which display relatively large ferromagnetic coupling, the exchange coupling is found to be small and antiferromagnetic. This difference can be rationalized as a result of differences in the structure of the bridge between the porphyrin and the acceptor.
The Effect of ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) on Indonesia Export
Authors: Indriyani Indriyani
Published: October 2016

ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) is an agreement between the members of ASEAN and China to create a free trade area by removing tariff and non-tariff barriers. This agreement begins with the signing of the agreement on November 5, 2002 in Phnom Penh. Implementation is done in phases beginning January 1, 2004. The purpose of this study determines the effect of the implementation of ACFTA on Indonesia's exports to the ASEAN countries and China. This study complements previous research regarding the ACFTA. The data used in this study are the data of Indonesian exports to ASEAN countries and China for 15 years from 2000 until 2014. The tests were conducted with a fixed effect panel data model with cross section SUR. The results of this study indicate that the ACFTA increase Indonesian exports to the ASEAN countries and China.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v15i2.3331
Analysis of Abdi Kerta Rahardja Union Health Assesment
Authors: Nasarudin Indo Yama
Published: October 2016

This study aims to identify and analyse the health assessment union of Abdi Kerta Raharja. Health assessment used measurement and calculation in Rule Deputy Control of Ministry of Union and SMEs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 Year 2016. Aspects for health assessment consists the capital aspect, productive asset quality aspects, management aspects, aspects of efficiency, liquidity aspect, the aspect of self-reliance and growth and aspects of the identity of union. Based on the results obtained value for all aspects of health assessment union of Abdi Raharja Kerta is 81.00. It can be concluded that the union of Abdi Kerta Raharja have a healthy category for health assessmentDOI: 10.15408/etk.v15i2.3865
Paridad de género y violencia política en Bolivia, Costa Rica y Ecuador. Un análisis testimonial
Authors: Albaine Laura
Published: October 2016

El artículo analiza el acoso y violencia política en razón de género en tres países pioneros de América Latina que han avanzado más allá de las cuotas al adoptar una normativa político paritaria- Bolivia (2009), Costa Rica (2009) y Ecuador (2008) -. Esta investigación es realizada a través de la recolección de datos primarios obtenidos de la realización de 23 entrevistas focalizadas a informantes clave a fin de contar con testimonios sobre las formas del ejercicio de la violencia política en razón de género en cada país de estudio, fenómeno que presenta un bajo registro oficial en la región. Asimismo, se presenta un análisis sobre el accionar de los partidos políticos ante la primera implementación de la normativa paritaria en Bolivia (2009) y Ecuador (2009) que pone de manifiesto la confección estratégica en términos de género de las listas partidarias.
Análisis taxonómico de la literatura: Herramientas metodológicas para la gestión y creación de valor en la empresa
Authors: Eguren Martí María De Lourdes , Castán Farrero José María
Published: October 2016

Uno de los principales objetivos dentro del mundo empresarial es la creación de valor, y dentro de las metodologías existentes, una de las más divulgadas a nivel estratégico y de procesos es el análisis de la cadena de valor.La evolución de la literatura científica relacionada con la gestión del valor al igual que las divulgaciones profesionales muestran una tendencia al alza en número de publicaciones que abordan esta temática. Si a este hecho sumamos la situación actual de incertidumbre y crisis económica, es obvio evidenciar el incremento de dificultad con la que se enfrentan los empresarios a la hora de tomar decisiones.Por esta razón y con el objeto de definir una base de conocimiento para futuros desarrollos, se plantea la realización de un análisis taxonómico, de naturaleza exploratoria, de la literatura y modelos existentes, definiendo una métrica descriptiva que permita su catalogación y gestión a efectos de colaborar en la definición de las bases teóricas que posibiliten la construcción de futuras metodologías para la gestión del valor. Así mismo, dada la naturaleza del estudio, se pretende realizar un análisis cuantitativo sobre las variables detectadas y sus posibles interrelaciones, bajo el marco metodológico del enfoque sistémico.
Industrial Ph.D. Programs for the Strengthening of the Industry's Production of Innovation in Colombia
Authors: Celis Jorge , Acosta Orlando
Published: October 2016

Today's firms face a new global economy powered by knowledge rather than physical resources and natural raw materials. Universities are crucial actors in ensuring economic development, not only by training highly qualified human capital, but also by producing new knowledge with innovation potential. University–industry research collaborations (UICs) have been increasingly recognized as an innovation mode. Highly qualified people, mainly at Ph.D. level, are fundamental for the increase of the knowledge pool from which firms and society as a whole can benefit in terms of the production of innovation. The demand for more specialized researchers in business/industry has led to new versions of doctoral programs, such as Industrial Ph.D. Programs (IPPs), which are well-established in a number of countries. After using an analytical international and comparative education methodology, we have found that the cooperation with industry to develop Ph.D. programs in Colombia is relatively weak and requires to be enhanced. In this paper, we argue for the alignment of the so-called third academic mission of economic development with the traditional academic missions of teaching and research through the implementation of IPPs as a mechanism for strengthening the innovation process of firms and country's economic growth.
BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA BAGIAN TIMUR
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Hartaty Hety , Bahtiar Andi
Published: October 2016

Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) adalah salah satu hasil tangkapan penting bagi nelayan di Samudera Hindia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan gonad dan panjang pertama kalimatang gonad cakalang di Samudera Hindia. Sampel cakalang dikumpulkan dari beberapa tempat di Pantai Selatan Jawa yaitu: Palabuhanratu, Cilacap, Pacitan, Sendang Biru, Kedonganan, Tanjung Luar, Labuhan Lombok dan Oeba dari bulan April 2012 sampai November 2013. Panjang cagak dari 136 sampel berkisar antara 35-68 cm. Tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) diamati secara histologi dan analisis Gonadosomatic index (GSI). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa TKGcakalang didominasi oleh TKGIV sebesar 43%, diikuti dengan TKG III (21%), TKG I (17%), TKG II (16%) dan TKG V (2%). Panjang pertama kali matang gonad terjadi pada ukuran 42,9 cm. Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is the one of the important catch for fishermen in the Indian Ocean. The objectives of this research are to investigate gonad maturity and length at first maturity for female cakalang in Indian Ocean. Skipjack tuna were sampled from several places in South Coast of Java i.e.: Palabuhanratu, Cilacap, Pacitan, Sendang Biru, Kedonganan, Tanjung Luar, Labuhan Lombok and Oeba from April 2012 to November 2013. Fork length of the sampled 136 fish ranged from 35 to 68 cm.Maturity stage (TKG) investigate using histological analysis and Gonadosomatic index (GSI) calculation. The results showed that maturity stage of skipjacktuna dominated by TKG IV with 43%, followed by TKG III (21%), TKG I (17%), TKG II (16%) dan TKG V (2%). Length at first maturity occurred at 42.9 cm.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA UDANG LAUT DALAM SECARA BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suman Ali , Satria Fayakun
Published: October 2016

Pemanfaatan sumber daya udang di Indonesia dilakukan pada wilayah perairan laut dangkal dan status pengusahaannya sudah dalam tahapan jenuh (over-fishing). Apabila kondisi ini dibiarkan dalam jangka panjang tanpa adanya usaha pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan, maka akan menyebabkan kelestarian sumber daya udang akan terancam dan bahkan bisa punah. Salah satu hal yang harus dilakukan dalam mengantisipasinya adalah mencari daerah penangkapan baru di perairan laut dalam, berupa sumber daya udang yang potensial dan belum pernah dimanfaatkan (untapped resources). Komposisi jenis udang laut dalam di perairan Indonesia lebih dari sekitar 38 jenis dengan jenis udang yang mendominasi adalah Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus dan Aristeus virilis serta alat tangkap yang disarankan untuk pemanfaatannya adalah bubu laut dalam tipe silinder. Potensi penangkapan udang laut dalam di Kawasan Barat Indonesia (KBI) sebagai 640 ton per tahun dan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI) sebagai 2.840 ton per tahun. Agar pengelolaan sumberdaya udang laut dalam dapat dilakukan berkelanjutan, maka harus dikelola dari awal pemanfaatannya. Strategi pengelolaan yang harus dilakukan adalah membatasi upaya penangkapan pada tingkat upaya sekitar 285 armada bubu laut dalam di KBI dan sekitar 1.250 armada bubu laut dalam di KTI. Selain itu harus dilakukan penutupan musim dan daerah penangkapan serta dilakukan penetapan kuota penangkapan.The utilization of Indonesia’s shrimps resources are commonly taking from shallow marine water while its status is currently on overfishing stage. In the long run without appropriate management will threat its sutainability and may be worsen to become extinct. A possible anticipition is finding a new fishing ground at deep sea area for potential deep sea shrimps as untapped resource. Deep sea shrimps species composition have been identified for more than 38 species with mainly dominated by Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus and Aristeus virili. Recommended fihing gear for utilizing those resource is deep sea cylinder pots. Deep sea shrimps fishing potency whithin Western Indonesia Area (WIA) was estimated for 640 mt/year and Eastern Indonesia Area (EIA) was 2.840 mt/year. Asssuring the sustainability of deep sea shrimp resource require right and apropriate management apply since the early stage. It is proposed to adopt several management measures such as limit the fishing effort for 285 deep sea pots within WIA and 1.250 deep sea pots within EIA, apply close area and fishing season and determine total allowable catch.
ŠTARGARDTO GELTONOSIOS DĖMĖS DISTROFIJOS SKIRTINGOS FENOTIPINĖS IŠRAIŠKOS
Authors: Liutkevičienė Rasa , Glebauskienė Brigita , Ašmonienė Virginija , Gelžinis Arvydas , Kriaučiūnienė Loresa , Vaičiulienė Renata , Trumpaitis Jurgis , Žemaitienė Reda
Published: October 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: Štargardto geltonosios dėmės distrofija, klinika, genetika, gydymo galimybės. Štargardto geltonosios dėmės distrofija pirmą kartą aprašyta 1909 metais vokiečių oftalmologo Karlo Stargardto. Tai dažniausia autosominiu recesyviniu būdu paveldima geltonosios dėmės distrofija, kurios paplitimas yra 1:10 000. Daugelis autorių apjungia Štargardto geltonosios dėmės distrofiją su geltondėmiu dugnu, nes abiejų ligų atveju nustatyta tame pačiame gene esanti mutacija. Liga dažniausiai pasireiškia centrinio matymo netekimu ir tinklainės pigmentinio epitelio atrofija. Štargardto geltonosios dėmės distrofijos klinikinė eiga priklauso nuo geografinės ir etninės kilmės, paciento amžiaus diagnozės nustatymo metu. Ligai būdingas kintantis fenotipiškumas, įvairus pacientų amžius simptomų pasireiškimo metu, skirtingas ligos sunkumo laipsnis, akių dugno vaizdas. Dažniausiai šią ligą sąlygoja ABCA4 geno mutacija. Liga dažniausiai pažeidžia abi akis. Štargardto geltonosios dėmės distrofija dažniausiai pasireiškia dešimties–dvidešimties metų amžiuje, abipusiu laipsniniu centrinio matymo sutrikimu, ne visada proporcingu geltonosios dėmės pažeidimui, nors kai kurie pacientai simptomus gali pajusti sulaukę tik 30–40 metų. Šiame straipsnyje aptariame Štargardto geltonosios dėmės distrofijos kliniką, histopatologinius pakitimus, genetines mutacijas ir gydymo galimybes.
RENAL CELL CARCINOMAS METASTASES TO THE PANCREAS. CLINICAL CASE REPORT
Authors: Mečkovski Artūr , Baušys Augustinas , Maneikytė Justė , Baušys Rimantas , Trakymas Mantas , Stratilatovas Eugenijus
Published: October 2016

Key words: renal cell carcinoma, metastases to pancreas, metastases. Metastases of renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas are very rare and uncommon. Routine image follow – up play very important role in early detection of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. We report the case of 75 years old man with Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to pancreas 13 years after nephrectomy. Successful surgical treatment, with pylorus-saving pancreatoduodenal resection and small bowel resection, was applied. We can state the fact, that long – term survival can be the result of surgical metastasectomy of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma.
PRIEŠLAIKINIAI GIMDYMAI PAGAL MEDICININES INDIKACIJAS VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO LIGONINĖS SANTARIŠKIŲ KLINIKOSE – VIENERIŲ METŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Dauksevičienė Valentina , Volochovič Jelena
Published: October 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: jatrogeninis poveikis, indikacijos, priešlaikinis gimdymas. Darbo tikslas. Atlikti priešlaikinių gimdymų pagal medicinines indikacijas (PGMI), įvykusių Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose (VULSK) nuo 2013 m. kovo 15 d. iki 2014 m. kovo 31 d., analizę. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Atlikta moterų, gimdžiusių nuo 2013 m. kovo 15 d. iki 2014 m. kovo 31 d. VULSK pirma laiko pagal medicinines indikacijas, bei jų naujagimių medicininės dokumentacijos retrospektyvi analizė. Tirti 72 atvejai, kurie pagal nėštumo trukmę suskirstyti į ankstyvą priešlaikinį gimdymą (nuo 24 savaitės iki 34 savaitės ir 6 dienų) ir vėlyvą priešlaikinį gimdymą (nuo 35 savaitės iki 36 savaitės ir 6 dienų). Vienvaisių ir daugiavaisių nėštumų (dvynių) atvejai nagrinėti atskirai. Buvo vertinama PGMI dažnis bendroje gimdymų struktūroje, dažniausios PGMI indikacijos, moterų ir naujagimių charakteristikos, naujagimių baigtys. Rezultatai. VULSK per tiriamąjį laikotarpį PGMI sudarė 2,3 proc. bendro gimdymų skaičiaus, o pirma laiko gimę naujagimiai, kai gimdymas buvo sužadintas pagal medicinines indikacijas, – 21,8 proc. visų pirma laiko gimusių naujagimių skaičiaus. Vienvaisių nėštumų grupėje buvo 63, dvynių grupėje – 9 atvejai. Nagrinėtose grupėse atliktos cezario pjūvio operacijos (CPO) sudarė 7 proc. bendroje CPO struktūroje. Vienvaisių nėštumų grupėje CPO atlikta 81 proc., o dvynių grupėje – 100 proc. moterų. Tarp indikacijų sužadinti gimdymo veiklą esant vienvaisiam nėštumui vyravo hipertenzinės būklės (54 proc.), vaisiaus augimo sulėtėjimas (14 proc.) ir ekstragenitalinė patologija (13 proc.), o esant daugiavaisiam nėštumui – diskordantinis dvynių augimas (44,4 proc.) ir monochorioniniai monoamnioniniai dvyniai (22,2 proc.). Statistiškai patikimai daugiau įvairių sveikatos sutrikimų nustatyta mažesniems nei 34 sav. ir 6 d. gestacinio amžiaus naujagimiams. Iš jų 85,7 proc. naujagimių iš vienvaisių nėštumų bei 100 proc. dvynių buvo gydomi naujagimių intensyvios terapijos skyriuje (NITS). Išvados. VULSK PGMI sudarė 2,3 proc. bendroje gimdymų struktūroje, o pirma laiko gimę naujagimiai, kai gimdymas buvo sužadintas pagal medicinines indikacijas, – 21,8 proc. visų pirma laiko gimusių naujagimių skaičiaus. Dažniausios PGMI priežastys esant vienvaisiam nėštumui buvo hipertenzinės būklės, intrauterinis vaisiaus augimo sulėtėjimas ir ekstragenitalinė patologija, o daugiavaisių nėštumų grupėje – diskordantinis dvynių augimas ir monochorioniniai monoamnioniniai dvyniai. Dažniausiai abiejose grupėse nėštumai užbaigti atliekant CPO. Naujagimiai, kurių gestacinis amžius buvo iki 34 sav. ir 6 d., statistiškai patikimai dažniau turėjo įvairių sveikatos sutrikimų ir buvo gydomi NITS.