bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological responses of spawning habitat suitability to changes in flow and thermal regimes influenced by hydropower operation
Authors: Qiu Rujian , Wang Dong , Singh Vijay P. , Zhang Hui , Tao Yuwei , Wu Jichun , Wang Yuankun
Published: November 2022

Large reservoirs and dams can fundamentally alter downstream flow and thermal regimes by resetting the flow and water temperature release boundary conditions, resulting in significant impacts on fish habitat suitability. Therefore, it is critically important to understand how the volume and temperature of dam releases to influence downstream hydraulic and temperature dynamics and predict the ecological responses of fish habitat suitability to these changes. In this study, a physically based coupled model framework was developed to identify the temporal and spatial variations of hydraulic and water temperature regimes and the spawning habitat suitability of four major Chinese carps (FMCC) in the middle reach of the Yangtze River below Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) responded to different upstream boundary conditions established by dam operation. The results showed that the dam discharge volume from TGR mainly affected the downstream hydraulic regime, while dam discharge temperature would have most impact on downstream water temperature. The spawning habitat suitability of FMCC obviously decreased due to TGR operation, and the declined water temperature suitability and the delayed and narrowed window of suitable water temperature were the main influencing factors. For the purpose of maximizing the spawning habitat suitability of FMCC in the downstream reaches below TGR, dam discharge volume ranged from 10,000 to 22,500 m3/s, and dam discharge temperature varied from 22 to 23.5°C would be recommended as the outflow conditions in the ecological operation of TGR.
Seismic zoning maps of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India
Authors: Gupta Ishwer Datt , Lee Vincent W. , Trifunac Mihailo D.
Published: November 2022

We present seismic zoning maps of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India in terms of uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) amplitudes using three different attenuation equations to model the contributions of local earthquakes around the region and distant earthquakes in northwestern Himalaya (NWH) and Hindu Kush Subduction (HKS) sources. Our results show that the shape of design spectra must depend on the nature of contributing earthquake sources, their relative activity, the potential to create large magnitudes, and their geographical placement relative to the site selected for hazard computation. Our results also show that specifying strong motion amplitudes for use in engineering design by means of peak ground acceleration and a standard spectral shape may result in significant underestimation of intermediate and long‐period ground motions critical for buildings higher than four to five stories and hence should not be used. We present zoning maps for nine possible combinations of three different local geological site conditions (sediments, intermediate sites, and basement rock sites) and three different soil site conditions (“rock,” stiff soil sites, and deep soil sites). One of these maps can be readily used to extract the UHS amplitudes of the pseudo relative velocity spectrum (PSV) at any site in the NCR by specifying the local geological site‐condition parameters from a high‐resolution surface geological map of the region and determining the local soil site conditions by experiments limited to the site alone. The paper also provides a geological map of NCR on a scale of 1:1 million for a rough idea of the local geological parameters for a site of interest.
Trace organic compounds in oxalate rock accretions from the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwestern Texas
Authors: Ginsberg Sarah A. , Rayburn Logan P. , Bray Asya J. , Nuñuz‐Parker Francisco S. , Dowling Amelia , Russ Jon
Published: November 2022

Calcium oxalate‐rich rock coatings occur worldwide and commonly occur associated with prehistoric rock paintings. Radiocarbon dates of oxalates that cover or encapsulate rock paints have become the primary strategy for establishing chronologies of these artifacts. It is also apparent that oxalate films form episodically and are governed by particular climate conditions and thus could serve as a paleoclimate proxy. However, the mechanism(s) by which these coatings form remains unresolved. Here, we report on the trace organic composition of oxalate‐coating samples from the Lower Pecos Canyonlands in southwestern Texas. The samples contained a suite of dicarboxylic acids that are similar to the organic composition established for atmospheric aerosols. The predominant organic species in aerosols is oxalic acid, which reacts with calcium to form calcium oxalate. This suggests that aerosols could be a mechanism for the production of naturally occurring calcium oxalate on rock surfaces.
GPS and InSAR derived evidences of intra‐basin stress and strike‐slip tectonics in the vicinity of 2001 (M7.7) earthquake, Kachchh, western India
Authors: Dumka Rakesh K. , Prajapati Sandip , SuriBabu Donupudi , Swamy Kandadai V. , Kothyari Girish Ch. , Malik Kapil
Published: November 2022

The current geodetic investigation is based on nearly a decade of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data towards the western part of the Indian Plate (2009–2019). This research focused on the Kachchh Rift Basin (KRB), the seismically most active intra‐plate region of the Indian Plate, which has seen three ≥ M 7.0 earthquakes in the last two centuries. The GPS stations on the northern and southern margins show SSW and NNE directed motion, indicating that the KRB is currently under the influence of regional compressive stress on both flanks and the same is reflected in the form of earthquake activity in the center portion. Furthermore, the existence of intra‐basin stress, in addition to regional stress, increases strain accumulation and results in the creation of a Principal Deformation Zone (PDZ) in the central part of the KRB. The average annual deformation in the middle of KRB remains 1.0 ± 0.5 mm/year, while sites near the South Wagad Fault (SWF) experience 1.2 mm/year of fault parallel motion. The dominant fault normal motion along the flanks with a maximum fault parallel motion in the middle intimates the existence of strike‐slip tectonics in the central Kachchh. The geometric relationship of strike‐slip faults in a compressive margin and strain accumulation in pre‐existing faults (PDZ) is responsible for current strike‐slip and thrust motion in the Kachchh, including the 2001 Bhuj earthquake (M 7.7). Our geodetic model is well‐corroborated with the geological observations of the wrench fault model of strike‐slip faults. PS‐InSAR results in the northern part of the region between Khadir and Bela Islands show ≤6.0 mm of annual LOS displacement. GPS results indicate ≈ 1.3 to 1.4 ± 0.5 mm/year of fault parallel motion along the transverse Ekal Amrapar Fault (EAF). The non‐significant variation in GRACE‐derived TWS values (from 2009 to 2018) rules out non‐tectonic deformation in the vicinity of EAF and thus points to tectonic activity as the cause of the derived deformation in the region.
Leveraging corona virus disease 2019 vaccination to promote hepatitis C screening
Authors: Vanderhoff Aaron , Smookler David , Biondi Mia J. , Enman Scott , Fuliang Tintin , Mahmood Sana , Crespi Agustina , Marquez Maria , Van Uum Rafique , You Lucy , Wolfson‐Stofko Brett , Logan Renee , LeDrew Erin , Shah Hemant , Janssen Harry , Capraru Camelia , Venier Elisa , Feld Jordan J.
Published: November 2022

Health care initiatives, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening, have been greatly overshadowed by the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. However, COVID‐19 vaccination programs also provide an opportunity to engage with a high volume of people in a health care setting. We collaborated with a large COVID vaccination center to offer HCV point‐of‐care testing followed by dried blood spot collection for HCV RNA. Additionally, this opportunity was used to evaluate the practical significance of a 5‐minute version of the OraQuick HCV antibody test in lieu of the standard 20‐minute test. We tested 2317 individuals; 31 were HCV antibody positive and six were RNA positive of which four were treated and reached sustained virological response. Over a third of those surveyed said they would not have participated had the test required 20 minutes. Conclusion: Colocalizing HCV testing and linkage to care at a COVID vaccination clinic was found to be highly feasible; furthermore, a shortened antibody test greatly improves the acceptance of testing.
Knowledge, attitude, perception, and factors associated with the risk perception of COVID‐19 among nursing college students in Japanese universities: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shimotake Yuki , Mbelambela Etongola Papy Steve , Muchanga Sifa Marie Joelle , Villanueva Antonio F. , Siburian Marlinang Diarta , Shimomoto Rie , Ikeuchi Kazuyo , Matsunaga Yoko , Minami Marina , Iiyama Tatsuo , Suganuma Narufumi
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in the world has brought different attitudes and perceptions among social strata. Nursing students being future first‐line healthcare workers are more at risk of being infected and exposed to various stressors from shared information. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception of COVID‐19 among nursing students and to estimate predictors of their risk perception.

Methods

We conducted an online survey among undergraduate nursing students at three selected Japanese Universities. Data on knowledge, attitude, and perception toward COVID‐19 were collected using a structured questionnaire. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with the risk perception toward COVID‐19 infection.

Results

Of the 414 nursing students who participated in the study, 368 (90.4%) reported that the media including radio, television, internet, and/or social media were the main source of knowledge. Fever (96.1%) and dry cough (89.6%) were reported as the main symptoms. Regarding the attitude toward the treatment and preventive measures, almost 92.8% of participants recommended the use of vaccines. Being female appeared to be three times associated with the fear of getting infected (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–7.58). Students who took part in extracurricular activities reported that they feared being infected with COVID‐19 (aOR:2.62; 95% CI:1.33–5.16). Other factors did not show an association.

Conclusion

Knowledge and attitude of nursing students toward COVID‐19 were accurate for the majority of them, with the main source of information being the media. Practicing extracurricular activities and being female were associated with the fear of the disease. Efficient and controlled communication is needed during widespread disease outbreaks.
Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model and multiple slip effect on carbon nanofluid over a stretching sheet in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium
Authors: Gireesha B. J. , Dhanalakshmi R.
Published: November 2022

In several biotechnological processes, multiple slips are the most paramount, such as blood pumping from the heart to different body components, endoscopy treatment, pabulum distribution, and the heat transport phenomenon regulation. In the current research, we have studied the multiple slips, Darcy–Forchheimer, and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model on a stretching surface exposed to magnetic carbon nanotube nanofluid. We have additionally included a heat source or sink, a chemical reaction for manipulating the heat and mass transport phenomena. The resulting governing partial differential equations have been transformed into ordinary differential equations. With the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth‐order procedure, the transformed governing equations are numerically solved. Numerical solutions for different parameters for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles (Eckert number, velocity slip, thermal slip, mass slip, etc.) are highlighted. Graphical and numerical results for the various parameters in the modeled problem have been outlined. The present numerical results are compared with the published ones for some limiting cases. The slip has been found to control the flow of the boundary layer.
Management of febrile neutropenia in canine and feline oncology patients
Authors: Harper Aaron
Published: November 2022

Background: The use of cytotoxic chemotherapy is becoming increasingly common in veterinary practice. Although the majority of patients will tolerate chemotherapy without significant adverse events, febrile neutropenia can be life threatening. Therefore, vets who are administering chemotherapy should be aware of how to manage this condition.

Aim of the article: This article guides practitioners on how to diagnose febrile neutropenia in oncology patients and outlines the approach to treatment and ongoing management of cases.
Inside Cover
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , He Bin , Wu Yangkang , Tao Yuxiu , Zhu Fu , Cai Wenchao , Liu Ning , Zhao Qiang , Xue Ping
Published: November 2022

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can visualize the blood vessels. However, tail artifacts of blood vessels make it difficult to reconstruct the 3‐D image of the vessels. A method is here proposed to remove tail artifacts in OCTA image and reconstruct the 3‐D blood vessel imaging by extracting the common parts of adjacent B‐Scan OCTA images. A clean 3‐D blood vessel image of palm is obtained.

Further details can be found in the article by Wenxin Zhang, Bin He, Yangkang Wu, Yuxiu Tao, Fu Zhu, Wenchao Cai, Ning Liu, Qiang Zhao, and Ping Xue (e202200155).

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Introduction of the genetic counseling profession by teachers in BIPOC‐majority high schools
Authors: Sveden Abigail , Schwartz Alison , Breen Katelyn , Gochyyev Perman , Channaoui Nadine
Published: November 2022

The field of genetic counseling is racially and ethnically (RE) homogenous, with 90% of genetic counselors identifying as white. As awareness of genetic counseling increases interest in the career, one proposed method to increase the profession's RE diversity is to introduce genetic counseling as a career option to Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) students during high school. This study explores the knowledge, presentation, and perceptions of the genetic counseling profession by high school teachers at BIPOC‐majority high schools in the United States (US). Science teachers working at public high schools in Massachusetts and New York where greater than 75% of the student body identifies as BIPOC were invited to participate in a survey and focus groups for this study. A total of 456 teachers participated in the survey and a total of seven teachers participated in two focus groups. The survey data revealed that most (91.8%) participating teachers presented genetic counseling, though BIPOC‐identifying teachers were more likely to report never presenting genetic counseling than white‐identifying teachers. In addition, teachers' knowledge of the genetic counseling career and frequency of presenting it were strongly associated, suggesting that increasing knowledge of genetic counseling among teachers, particularly those who are BIPOC‐identifying, could lead to increased presentation to BIPOC students. Major themes that emerged through the focus groups included (1) teachers perceiving genetic counseling as novel and complex in comparison to other healthcare professions, (2) teachers sharing that multiple methods can and should be used when introducing genetic counseling to students, and (3) the notion that teachers could have an important role in introducing genetic counseling to their students. Considering findings from the survey and focus groups, recommendations from this study include increasing awareness of genetic counseling among BIPOC‐identifying science teachers at BIPOC‐majority high schools, gradually introducing genetic counseling topics to students beginning at a young age, and utilizing student‐led teaching activities.
Long‐term variations and potency of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants after CoronaVac‐inactivated booster: A 7‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Li Xinjie , Yin Yue , Cui Qianqian , Huang Weijin , Zou Qinghua , Shen Tao
Published: November 2022

The long‐term protective efficacy of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) against Omicron subvariants after inactivated booster vaccines remains elusive. During the follow‐up study, 54 healthy volunteers aged 20–31 years received inactivated CoronaVac booster vaccinations and were monitored for 221 days. The dynamic efficacy and durability of Nab against Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.2, and BA4/5 were assessed using a pseudotyped virus neutralization assay at up to nine time points post immunization. The antibody response against Omicron subvariants was substantially weaker than D614G, with BA.4/5 being the least responsive. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of Nab against Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5 was 2.2‐, 1.7‐, 1.8‐, and 2.2‐fold lower than that against D614G (ps < 0.0001). The gap in Nab response between Omicron subvariants was pronounced during the 2 weeks–2 months following booster vaccination (ps < 0.05). Seven months post booster, the antibody potency against D614G was maintained at 100% (50% for Nab titers ≥ 100 50% inhibitory dilution [EC50]), whereas at 77.3% for BA.1, 90.9% for BA.2, 86.4% for BA.2.12.1, and 86.4% for BA.4/5 (almost 20% for Nab titers ≥ 100 EC50). Despite the inevitable immune escape, Omicron subvariants maintained sustained and measurable antibody potency post‐booster vaccination during long‐term monitoring, which could help optimize immunization strategies.
Revealing the reasons for the pasting property changes of rice during aging from the perspective of starch granule disaggregation
Authors: Tian Wennan , Guo Yubao , Zhu Xiuling , Tu Kang , Dong Peng
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The pasting properties of rice change markedly after aging, although the mechanism for this still remains unknown. Aged and fresh rice grains were ground and the flours were fractionated by particle size, and then the pasting properties, particle size distribution and microscopic morphology of the heated flour fractions were evaluated.

RESULTS

Compared to the corresponding fresh flour fractions with the same particle size, a lower peak viscosity for those aged flour fractions from 80 μm to 450 μm and a higher peak viscosity for those aged flour fractions from 20 μm to 60 μm were observed. The amounts of smaller particles disaggregated from the aged flour fractions were significantly less and the separated entities were always larger than the corresponding fresh rice fractions.

CONCLUSION

Disaggregation difficulty of starch granules was the reason for the changes in the pasting properties of rice after aging. This finding is helpful for understanding rice aging mechanisms and regulating eating quality of rice flour as an ingredient. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Insights into the stable isotope ratio variability of hybrid grape varieties: a preliminary study
Authors: Perini Matteo , Roman Tomas , Lanz Simon , Moser Sergio , Pianezze Silvia , Camin Federica
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Official stable isotope databases, based on the analysis of (D/H)I ethanol, (D/H)II ethanol, δ13Cethanol and δ18Owater of wine, are an indispensable tool for establishing the limits beyond which the mislabeling or the addition of sugar and/or water in wine production can be detected. The present study investigates, for the first time, whether the use of hybrid varieties instead of European Vitis vinifera for wine production can have an impact on the stable isotope ratios.

RESULTS

The analyses were performed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry and site‐specific natural isotope fractionation by nuclear magnetic resonance, in accordance with the official methods of the International Organization of Grapes and Wine. The comparison shows the tendency of some stable isotope ratios of hybrid varieties, in particular (D/H)I, to deviate from the regional averages of the V. vinifera samples. Notably, Baron, Monarch and Regent showed significantly different values at one of the two sampling sites. Particularly high δ13C values characterize Helios compared to other hybrid varieties.

CONCLUSION

For the first time, and from an isotopic point of view, the present study investigates the wine obtained from hybrid varieties, showing that further attention should be paid to their interpretation, on the basis of the database established according to the European Regulation 2018/273. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Density surface and excursion sets modeling as an approach to estimating population densities
Authors: Camp Richard J. , Asing Chauncey K. , Banko Paul C. , Berry Lainie , Brinck Kevin W. , Farmer Chris , Genz Ayesha S.
Published: November 2022

Effective species management and conservation require knowledge of species distribution and status. We used point‐transect distance sampling surveys of the endangered palila (Loxioides bailleui), a honeycreeper currently found only on the Island of Hawai'i, USA, to generate robust estimates of total abundance and simultaneously model the distribution, abundance, and spatial correlation of the species as a density surface model (DSM). Point‐transect distance sampling is a widely applied method to estimate bird densities accounting for imperfect detection probability. For the DSM we used a generalized additive model framework and soap film smoothers to control the effects of boundary features. This modeling approach allowed us to account for imperfect detection and propagate detection probability uncertainty. We compared the uncertainty in palila abundance estimates using standard point‐transect distance sampling to estimates from the DSM. The DSM, accounting for both distance‐sampling‐derived detection probability variance and the generalized additive model density estimate variance, did not improve population estimator precision; however, it provided insight into the species' distribution, density, and uncertainty. We also applied excursion sets analysis to objectively identify areas where the species occurs in high densities. The 2017 global population of <2,000 individuals was limited to an excursion area of 1,500 ha. Our findings can help management and regulatory agencies by simultaneously mapping a species' distribution and density, improving survey protocols, and providing information important to species conservation.
Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs): A Reliable Tool for Assessing the Selectivity of Pristine and Hybrid Polymer Nanocomposites in the Presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Mixtures
Authors: Ollé Enric Perarnau , Casals‐Terré Jasmina , Martínez Joan Antoni López , Farré‐Lladós Josep
Published: November 2022

Polymeric materials are widely employed for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Compared to other sensitive materials, polymers can provide a certain degree of selectivity, based on their chemical affinity with organic solvents. The addition of conductive nanoparticles within the polymer layer is a common practice in recent years to improve the sensitivity of these materials. However, it is still unclear the effect that the nanoparticles have on the selectivity of the polymer membrane and vice versa. The current work proposes a methodology based on the Hansen solubility parameters, for assessing the selectivity of both pristine and hybrid polymer nanocomposites. The impedance response of thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films is compared to the response of hybrid polymer films, based on the addition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). With the addition of just 1 wt.% of MWCNTs, fabricated sensors showcased a significant improvement in sensitivity, faster response times, as well as enhanced classification of non‐polar analytes (>22% increase) compared to single PDMS layers. The methodology proposed in this work can be employed in the future to assess and predict the selectivity of polymers in single or array‐based gas sensors, microfluidic channels, and other analytical devices for the purpose of VOCs discrimination.
Abelianization and fixed point properties of units in integral group rings
Authors: Bächle Andreas , Janssens Geoffrey , Jespers Eric , Kiefer Ann , Temmerman Doryan
Published: November 2022

LetGbe a finite group and the unit group of the integral group ring . We prove a unit theorem, namely, a characterization of when satisfies Kazhdan's property , both in terms of the finite groupGand in terms of the simple components of the semisimple algebra . Furthermore, it is shown that for , this property is equivalent to the weaker property (i.e., every subgroup of finite index has finite abelianization), and in particular also to a hereditary version of Serre's property , denoted . More precisely, it is described when all subgroups of finite index in have both finite abelianization and are not a nontrivial amalgamated product. A crucial step for this is a reduction to arithmetic groups , where is an order in a finite‐dimensional semisimple ‐algebraD, and finite groupsG, which have the so‐called cut property. For such groupsG, we describe the simple epimorphic images of . The proof of the unit theorem fundamentally relies on fixed point properties and the abelianization of the elementary subgroups of . These groups are well understood except in the degenerate case of lower rank, that is, for with an order in a division algebraDwith a finite number of units. In this setting, we determine Serre's property FA for and its subgroups of finite index. We construct a generic and computable exact sequence describing its abelianization, affording a closed formula for its ‐rank.
CD3‐T‐cell‐engager (TCE) therapies to overcome solid tumors: Beyond BiTEs
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Guo Qianqian , Wang Quan , Duan Yourong
Published: November 2022

CD3‐T‐cell‐engager (TCE) therapies, such as bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTEs), have achieved extraordinary success in treating hematological malignancies and have shown therapeutic effects comparable with those of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T therapies. However, solid tumors are challenging to treat with TCE therapies due to tumor heterogeneity, limited tumor enrichment, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), a lack of pre‐existing tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), serious on‐target off‐tumor toxicity, and so forth. Thanks to the increased understanding of resistance mechanisms and novel technologies, the next generation of TCE therapies for solid tumors is emerging. We focus on summarizing the latest progress in CD3‐based TCE therapies and discussing the future perspective of TCE therapeutic strategies against solid tumors. This perspective highlighted novel multitarget TCE therapies that integrated multiple functionalities to enhance antitumor efficacy while minimizing off‐target toxicity. Furthermore, TCE therapies also could be rationally combined with other antitumor therapeutics, including oncolytic viruses, CAR‐T cells, and immune checkpoint blockade. Moreover, TCEs should not be limited to redirecting polyclone T cells to tumor cells. The development of novel TCEs to bridge T cells and other cells in the TME is also promising. This perspective motivates the development of the new TCE therapies strategy to broaden the armamentarium of CD3‐TCE therapies and overcome solid tumors.
Terahertz monolithic integrated coplanar band‐pass filter based on slotline mode
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Yang Lin‐An , Li Yang , Liu Siyu , Hao Yue
Published: November 2022

In this letter, a terahertz monolithic integrated planar band‐pass filter based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators has been proposed. By adopting the feeding line in form of a slotline, the need for air‐bridges in traditional CPW filters is eliminated, achieving good integrability and reducing fabrication difficulty. To further improve the filtering performance, the defected ground structure is used in the design, introducing a finite transmission zero at the lower sideband. The filter is manufactured on the semi‐insulation silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, to fit the existing advanced GaN‐on‐SiC monolithic integration system. Measurement reveals the fractional band‐width of 5.7% at the center frequency of 279 GHz, with an insertion loss of 5.1 dB. With a volume of 500 × 400 × 50 μm (0.45 × 0.36 × 0.045 λ0), the proposed filter improves the performance of the planar filter operating at the terahertz band effectively.
Full‐field out‐of‐plane vibration displacement acquisition based on speckle‐projection digital image correlation and its application in damage localization
Authors: Cao Shancheng , Yan Jinwei , Nian Haibo , Xu Chao
Published: November 2022

Stereo‐digital image correlation (Stereo‐DIC) has been widely explored for modal analysis in plate‐type structures due to its noncontact and full‐field advantages. However, when the traditional stereo‐DIC is adopted to capture the out‐of‐plane displacements, several challenging issues exist such as the development of surface speckles, asynchronous camera recording, and efficiency and accuracy degradation due to high computation costs. Moreover, with the captured out‐of‐plane displacements, effective and efficient evaluation of the high spatial resolution mode shapes and their application to damage localization are also critical problems. To tackle these issues, a speckle‐projection DIC technique using a single high‐speed camera is proposed to obtain the out‐of‐plane vibration displacements. Moreover, an enhanced peak‐picking modal analysis method is adopted to enhance the estimation accuracy and efficiency of mode shapes. In addition, the low‐rank property of mode shapes in an intact state and the spatial sparse property of damage locations are harnessed for the detection of damage positions without requiring reference data on the healthy state. Finally, the modal analysis and damage localization results based on the proposed speckle‐projection DIC are compared with those of the traditional two‐camera stereo‐DIC technique to verify its feasibility and effectiveness. It is found that the differences in the identified resonant frequencies between these two methods are smaller than 1% for higher modes. Moreover, the proposed speckle‐projection DIC has the same accuracy as the traditional two‐camera stereo‐DIC in terms of measurement accuracy, mode shape estimation, and damage localization.
Magnetic resonance quantification of skeletal muscle lipid infiltration in a humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Khattri Ram B. , Batra Abhinandan , Matheny Michael , Hart Cora , Henley‐Beasley Spencer C. , Hammers David , Zeng Huadong , White Zoe , Ryan Terence E. , Barton Elisabeth , Bernatchez Pascal , Walter Glenn A.
Published: November 2022

Rodent models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) often do not recapitulate the severity of muscle wasting and resultant fibro‐fatty infiltration observed in DMD patients. Having recently documented severe muscle wasting and fatty deposition in two preclinical models of muscular dystrophy (Dysferlin‐null and mdx mice) through apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene deletion without and with cholesterol‐, triglyceride‐rich Western diet supplementation, we sought to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS, respectively) could be used to detect, characterize, and compare lipid deposition in mdx‐ApoE knockout with mdx mice in a diet‐dependent manner. MRI revealed that both mdx and mdx‐ApoE mice exhibited elevated proton relaxation time constants (T2) in their lower hindlimbs irrespective of diet, indicating both chronic muscle damage and fatty tissue deposition. The mdx‐ApoE mice on a Western diet (mdx‐ApoEW) presented with greatest fatty tissue infiltration in the posterior compartment of the hindlimb compared with other groups, as detected by MRI/MRS. High‐resolution magic angle spinning confirmed elevated lipid deposition in the posterior compartments of mdx‐ApoEW mice in vivo and ex vivo, respectively. In conclusion, the mdx‐ApoEW model recapitulates some of the extreme fatty tissue deposition observed clinically in DMD muscle but typically absent in mdx mice. This preclinical model will help facilitate the development of new imaging modalities directly relevant to the image contrast generated in DMD, and help to refine MR‐based biomarkers and their relationship to tissue structure and disease progression.
Predictors of response to pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: A combined post hoc analysis of four clinical trial data
Authors: Tsujii Takashi , Sakurai Hitoshi , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Suzuki Takefumi , Mimura Masaru , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Objective

The prediction of response to pharmacotherapy has not been sufficiently explored in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders, which was addressed in this study.

Methods

Data from four double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies (sertraline and fluvoxamine for anxiety disorders, risperidone for autistic disorder, and fluoxetine for major depressive disorder) in children and adolescents funded by the National Institute of Mental Health were used. The response was defined as a score of 1 or 2 on the Clinical Global Impression‐Global Improvement (CGI‐I) at the endpoint. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations between response status and the following variables: sex, diagnosis, treatment allocation, and CGI‐Severity of Illness (CGI‐S) score at baseline. Moreover, the presence of early improvement (a score of ≤3 in the CGI‐I) at Week 1 was added to the independent variables in an additional binary logistic regression analysis, using the data from two studies.

Results

A total of 599 patients were included in the analysis. In the binary logistic regression analysis, active drug use (odds ratio [OR] = 8.64, P < 0.001) and female sex (OR = 1.89, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with treatment response. In the second binary logistic regression, the presence of early improvement in the CGI‐I (OR = 3.47, P = 0.009), as well as active drug use (OR = 15.05, P < 0.001) and female sex (OR = 2.87, P = 0.016), were associated with subsequent responses.

Conclusion

Allocation to active drugs, female sex, and early improvement may predict treatment response to pharmacotherapy among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.
Safety and outcome of ultrasound‐guided tunneled central venous catheter in children with cancers from low middle‐income country: A prospective study
Authors: Khera Sanjeev , Kumar Amit , Parikh Badal , Simalti Aashish Kumar , Davera Saket , Mahajan Pooja , Dhingra Sandeep
Published: November 2022

Background

Central venous access devices (CVAD) are vital for cancer therapeutics in pediatric oncology. Tunneled vascular access devices (TVAD) are preferred in children for prolonged and frequent vascular access. Data on insertion, care, and complications of CVAD in children from low middle‐income countries (LMIC) are scarce, heterogeneous, and retrospective.

Procedure

This prospective observational study on eligible children <12 years with pediatric malignancies requiring chemotherapy for minimum 6 months from diagnosis excluded children with mucosal bleeding, coagulopathy, and infections. TVAD insertion was ultrasound (USG) guided. Number of catheter‐days, surgical and nonsurgical complications, and risk factors for catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) were noted TVAD removal due to complications, therapy completion, tumor progression, or death.

Results

Data from 61 of 86 eligible children with median age 42 months (range 1–144) were analyzed. Hematological malignancy and severe thrombocytopenia were seen in 37/61 (61%) and 18/61 (30%) children, respectively. First‐attempt success rate was 74%. Surgical complications were seen in four of 61 (7%). Nonsurgical complications were seen in 33/61 (54%) children; CRBSI was commonest 24/61 (39%), causing removal of TVAD in 14/61 (23%). Incidence per 1000 catheter‐days for CRBSI was 3.24. Antibiotic lock therapy could salvage nine of 24 TVAD with CRBSI. Thrombus and accidental removal was seen in six of 61 (10%) and four of 61 (7%). None of the studied risk factors were significantly associated with CRBSI. The mean insertion duration of TVAD was 121 ± 90 days.

Conclusion

USG‐guided TVAD insertion is safe and reliable way for chemotherapy administration with acceptable complications in children with malignancies in LMIC, including children with severe thrombocytopenia.
PET‐RAFT polymerization under flow chemistry and surface‐initiated reactions
Authors: Rong Li‐Han , Caldona Eugene B , Advincula Rigoberto C
Published: November 2022

Recently, photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization has been developed and gaining wide acceptance. PET‐RAFT polymerization uses visible light to initiate the reaction and is compatible with ambient conditions and green solvents. It also maintains the ability to produce well‐defined polymers and possesses high potential as an alternative to the conventional RAFT technique. This review aims to summarize the fundamentals of PET‐RAFT polymerization, highlight two of the most commonly studied applications of PET‐RAFT process (i.e. flow chemistry and surface‐initiated polymerization), and explore perspectives and new possibilities of the technique. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Mechanistic modeling of generic orally inhaled drug products: A workshop summary report
Authors: Walenga Ross L. , Butler Clare , Craven Brent A. , Longest P. Worth , Mohamed Raja , Newman Bryan , Olsson Bo , Hochhaus Günther , Li Bing V. , Luke Markham C. , Zhao Liang , Przekwas Andrzej , Lionberger Robert
Published: November 2022

In silico mechanistic modeling approaches have been designed by various stakeholders with the goal of supporting development and approval of generic orally inhaled drug products in the United States. This review summarizes the presentations and panel discussion that comprised a workshop session concentrated on the use of in silico models to predict various outcomes following orally inhaled drug product administration, including the status of such models and how model credibility may be effectively established.
Criteria for the prioritization of hypotheses in root cause analysis
Authors: Barsalou Matthew
Published: November 2022

Explanatory hypotheses are formed and evaluated in root cause analysis. However, prior to investigation, the hypotheses must be prioritized. Often, methods such as nominal group technique, multi‐voting, and simple voting are used to decide which to investigate first. This research seeks to provide concrete criteria for the prioritization of hypotheses using three levels of prioritization based on the strength of the available evidence. A quality leadership email distribution list was used to distribute a survey to quality departments. Respondents were asked to rate various scenarios as confirmed, strong, moderate, and weak evidence towards supporting a hypothesis. Only 2 of 13 scenarios did not have statistically significant results and these results can be used by quality departments to prioritize hypotheses to investigate during root cause analysis.
Transoral robotic resection of advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma involving the internal carotid artery
Authors: Shi Yu‐Xuan , Dai Qi , Zhu Ke‐Sen , Sun Xi‐Cai , Liu Quan , Yu Hong‐Meng
Published: November 2022

Background

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a reliable, minimally invasive approach for treating recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC). However, tumours involving the internal carotid artery (ICA) are considered to be unsuitable for TORS. This paper presents the first case of transoral robotic resection of advanced rNPC involving the ICA.

Materials and Methods

This case is a 55 year‐old male patient who received radiotherapy 27 years ago. This patient underwent a standard TORS resection 2 weeks after ipsilateral ICA embolization.

Results

Postoperative Magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy results indicated total resection. During the 2 month follow‐up, no severe complications were found, and the primary site was tumour‐free.

Conclusion

This study preliminarily presents the feasibility and efficiency of advanced rNPC resection with TORS. TORS can potentially provide better quality of life for patients as a less invasive approach than current endoscopic surgery. Even so, the surgical approach should be selected strictly according to the tumour's location.
Forecasting liquidity‐adjusted VaR: A conditional EVT‐copula approach
Authors: Karmakar Madhusudan , Khadotra Ravi
Published: November 2022

This study models the joint distribution of individual stock returns and bid‐ask spreads using combined EGARCH‐EVT and combined GP‐INGARCH‐EVT processes for the marginals, and bivariate copulas for the dependence structure. We use the proposed approach to first simulate returns and spreads of individual stocks from different countries and regions, and then forecast the Liquidity‐adjusted Value‐at‐Risk (L‐VaR) measure according to three types of L‐VaR models. The backtesting results suggest that the proposed simulated L‐VaR models perform better than the competing L‐VaR/VaR models in forecasting L‐VaR. It is also observed that the simulated L‐VaR models perform better than the competing L‐VaR/VaR models in predicting the economic downturn.
Effect of micro‐arc oxidation treatment on laser joint microstructures of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy/CFRP
Authors: Zou Pengyuan , Yang Fan , Liu Huaying , Zhang Hua
Published: November 2022

Resin‐based carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRP) with excellent properties has been widely applied in aerospace industry. In this study, polyether ether ketone enforced composite (PEEK‐CFRP) and Ti‐6V‐4V titanium alloy had been joined by laser welding process. Micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) process was conducted on the surface of titanium alloy to improve the joint property. Fractures and mechanical properties of joints were analysed. Interfacial microstructures of the joints had been investigated, and the formation mechanism of joint had been figured out. The results showed that after MAO treatment, the joint strength had been greatly improved and the shear strength reached to 42.3 MPa compared with pretreated sample. The wettability of CFRP on titanium alloy was rising with the contact angle of 68.8°. Fracture showed that cohesive failure contributed to the main fracture mode. As joints were formed by both mechanical bonding and chemical bonding, ‘anchor‐shaped’ structures were found in the joint to enhance the mechanical bonding effects due to the flowing of the melted resin. (−OH) bonds were identified at the surface of MAO‐treated titanium alloy that provided conditions for hydrogen bond interaction. TiO2, TiO and Ti–V–C phase were found at interface, whereas Ti–F and Ti–O–F bonds were generated during the welding process, which made great contribution to the chemical bonds between titanium alloy and CFRP.
Design of a Novel Naphtiridine‐based Covalent Triazine Framework for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Applications
Authors: Tuci Giulia , Pugliesi Matteo , Rossin Andrea , Pham‐Huu Cuong , Berretti Enrico , Giambastiani Giuliano
Published: November 2022

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) represent a sub‐class of Porous Organic Polymers showing high chemical/thermal stability, large permanent porosity and intrinsically high N‐content. All these features make them ideal candidates for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) applications. Herein, a novel CTF has been prepared under ionothermal conditions through cyclotrimerization of a newly designed dicyano‐building block with high N/C ratio (2,6‐Dicyano‐1,5‐naphthyridine, 4). The as prepared CTF‐Napht showed remarkable carbon dioxide uptake at ambient conditions, with a loading of 3.93 mmol/g (17.3 wt. %) at 1 bar and 298 K that outperforms many benchmark CTF systems from the literature. The ad‐hoc designed dicyano building unit together with a judicious choice of synthetic conditions have imparted to CTF‐Napht an outstanding affinity towards CO2 confirmed by its isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) as high as 39.6 KJ/mol that ranks among the highest reported so far for CTF‐based polymers.
Efficient Pathogen Capture and Sensing Promoted by Dynamic Deformable Nanointerfaces
Authors: Cao Ying , Wu Na , Li Hui‐Da , Xue Jing‐Wen , Wang Rui , Yang Ting , Wang Jian‐Hua
Published: November 2022

The M13 bacteriophage (M13 phage) has emerged as an attractive bionanomaterial due to its chemistry/gene modifiable feature and unique structures. Herein, a dynamic deformable nanointerface is fabricated taking advantage of the unique feature of the M13 phage for ultrasensitive detection of pathogens. PIII proteins at the tip of the M13 phage are genetically modified to display 6His peptide for site‐specific anchoring onto Ni‐NTA microbeads, whereas pVIII proteins along the side of the M13 phage are orderly arranged with thousands of aptamers and their complementary strands (c‐apt). The flexible M13 nanofibers with rich recognition sites act as octopus tentacles, resulting in a 19‐fold improvement in the capture affinity toward the target. The competitive binding of the target pathogen releases c‐apts and initiates rolling circle amplification (RCA). The sway motion of M13 nanofibers accelerates the diffusion of c‐apts, thus promoting RCA efficiency. Benefiting from the strengthened capture ability toward the target and the accelerated RCA process, three‐orders of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity is achieved, with a detection limit of 8 cfu mL−1 for Staphylococcus aureus. The promoted capture ability and assay performance highlights the essential role of the deformable feature of the engineered interface. This may provide inspiration for the construction of more efficient reaction interfaces.
Constructing Janus Microsphere Membranes for Particulate Matter Filtration, Directional Water Vapor Transfer, and High‐Efficiency Broad‐Spectrum Sterilization
Authors: Deng Tong , Chen Yifu , Liu Yanbo , Shang Zeren , Gong Junbo
Published: November 2022

Commercial masks have significant drawbacks, including low water vapor transmission efficiency and limited ability to inhibit harmful microorganisms, whereas in this contribution, a series of Janus microsphere membranes are developed with hierarchical structures by quenching and crystallizing 12‐hydroxystearic acid and halicin layer‐by‐layer on a polypropylene non‐woven fabric, laminating them with hydrophilic cotton fibers in a one‐pot process, and further demonstrate the potential of this composite system as masks. Through further optimization, excellent superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic properties (contact angle 157.1°/0°), superior filtering effects (93.54% for PM2.5 and 98.35% for PM10), with a low‐filtration resistance (57 Pa) and a quality factor of up to 0.072 Pa−1 are achieved, all better than that of commercial N95 masks. In addition, the membrane allows for the directional transport of water vapor from the inside out, increasing the water vapor transmission rate by more than 20% compared with the monolayer hydrophobic microsphere membrane. It also has a bactericidal capacity of over 99.9999% against Escherichia coli and is tested for robustness and stability in various extreme environments. This work may shed light on designing novel filter media with versatile functions, meanwhile, the materials can also be used in protective equipment against the new coronavirus.