bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Selenite, Selenium Yeast, and Bacterial Enriched Protein on Egg Yolk Colour, Antioxidant Profiles and Oxidative Stability
Authors: Muhammad Aliyu , Muhammad Daliah , Loh Teck , Akit Henny , Samsudin Anjas Asmara
Published: December 2020

Background: The chicken egg is one of the nature’s flawlessly preserved biological products, recognized as an excellent source of nutrients for humans. Selenium (Se) is an essential micro-element that plays a key role in biological processes. Organic Se sources have shown many advantages over inorganic Se in poultry and can be produced biologically by microbial reduction of Se. Therefore, the possibility of integrating Se enriched bacteria as a supplement in poultry feed can provide an interesting source of organic Se, thereby increase egg Se concentration, improve oxidative stability and offer health-related advantages to humans. The objective of this study was to examine the effects inorganic and different organic Se sources on egg yolk colour, antioxidant profile, oxidative stability, and storage effect in relation to the treatments for fresh and stored egg yolk at 4±2 0C for 14 days. Results: The results reveals that dietary Se supplementation, especially the organic (ADS18 > Se-Yeast) sources influence (p < 0.05) egg yolk colour. Dietary inorganic Se and organic Se were noted to significantly improves egg yolk and breast meat antioxidants profile (total carotenoid and phenol content). There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total cholesterol in fresh, stored egg yolk and breast muscle of Se treated groups compared with control. Whereas for breast muscle, only hens with organic Se supplementation (ADS18 > Se-Yeast) showed lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol compared to inorganic and control hens. The oxidative stability parameters of the eggs, breast and thigh muscle, and plasma showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in primary oxidation products (MDA) concentrations with hens supplemented with ADS18. However, the MDA content increased (p < 0.05) with an advanced storage period in egg yolk. It should be noted that, compared to inorganic Se and basal diets, egg yolk from hens fed with organic Se remain fresh for 2 weeks.Conclusions: Dietary Se organic supplementation (ADS18 > Se-Yeast) improves egg yolk colour, antioxidant profile, and oxidative status of egg yolk and tissue. For egg enrichment and antioxidant properties, the source of supplemented organic Se is essential. Thus, ‘’functional eggs’’ enriched with organic selenium becomes possible to produced.
Two Hyperparasitaemic Plasmodium Falciparum Cases Successfully Treated with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy
Authors: Mukhi Benudhar , Anvikar Anupkumar R. , Srivast Bina , Gupta Himanshu , Ghosh Susanta Kumar
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHyperparasitaemia is an important event in a cascade of Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria (SM) but requires host responses to cause cerebral malaria (CM) leading to death, if left untreated. Here, we report two hyperparasitaemic patients with no CM.MethodsMalaria diagnosis was performed based on thick and thin smears examination, and immunochromatographic-based rapid diagnostic test assay. Parasitaemia was calculated following World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. Haematological and biochemical investigations were also performed. Weekly follow-up of blood smear examination and temperature were recorded up to day 63.ResultsThe first patient had 42% parasitaemia (100% asexual parasites). The second one had 9.5% parasitaemia comprising 46% asexual, and 54% sexual stages with 1:1 male to female ratio. On the day of admission, both had presented abnormal haematological and biochemical parameters compared to the reference ranges. Remarkably, both the patients recovered successfully with oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and a single dose of primaquine. Weekly follow-up did not show any parasite breakthrough except few drug-affected gametocytes in the second patient. This indicated successful treatment with ACT.ConclusionThe presence of hypergametocytaemia may hinder the elimination efforts, if not treated immediately. This report also signifies the need of accurately estimating the parasitaemia in malaria patients and their timely management to prevent complications and mortality.
Epidemiological feature, viral shedding, and antibody seroconversion among asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers and symptomatic/ presymptomatic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chen Yi , Li Ping , Ding Yibo , Liu Miao , Liu Leijie , Yi Bo , Wu Ting , Dong Hongjun , Lao Xuying , Ding Keqing , Wang Haibo , Zhang Dongliang , Tan Xiaojie , Wang Zhongfa , Xu Guozhang , Cao Guangwen
Published: December 2020

Background
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is pandemic. However, data concerning the epidemiological features, viral shedding, and antibody dynamics between asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers and COVID-19 patients remain controversial.
Methods
A total of 193 subjects in Ningbo and Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China, were enrolled in this study from January 21 to March 6, 2020. All subjects were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and then followed up to monitor the dynamics of serum antibody immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Scatter diagram to demonstrate the distribution of IgM and IgG among asymptomatic carriers and COVID-19 patients were generated by R.
Results
Of the 193 subjects, 31 were asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, 149 were symptomatic COVID-19 patients, and 14 were COVID-19 patients during the incubation. Compared to symptomatic COVID-19 patients, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers were younger and had higher levels of white blood cell and lymphocyte, lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and viral load, and shorter viral shedding time. Seroconversion of IgM against SARS-CoV-2 from positive to negative in asymptomatic carriers took 7.50 (IQR, 4.75–11.50) days, which was significantly shorter than 25.50 (IQR, 6.75–56.75) days in COVID-19 patients (P = 0.030). The proportion of those persistently seropositive for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 was higher in COVID-19 patients than in asymptomatic carriers (66.1% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.037). Viral load was higher in symptomatic than presymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Viral shedding was longer in presymptomatic COVID-19 patients than in asymptomatic carriers. In 4 familial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection, asymptomatic carriers were mainly children and young adults while severe COVID-19 was mainly found in family members older than 60 years with underlying diseases. Asymptomatic carriers acquired infection more from intra-familial transmission than did COVID-19 patients (89% vs. 61%, P = 0.028).
Conclusion
Asymptomatic carriers might have a higher antiviral immunity to clear SARS-CoV-2 than symptomatic COVID-19 patients and this antiviral immunity might not be contributable to humoral immunity. The severity of COVID-19 is associated with older age and underlying diseases in familial clustering cases.
Changes in the epidemiology of fall-related injuries in a high-income developing country
Authors: Cevik Arif Alper , Alao David , Eid Hani O , Grivna Michal , Abu-Zidan Fikri
Published: December 2020

Background: Falls in the Gulf countries are the second most common cause of injuries. The United Arab Emirates government implemented various preventive measures to decrease injuries in the country. We aimed to evaluate the changes that occurred in the epidemiology of fall-related injuries in Al-Ain City that occurred over the last decade.Methods: Data of hospitalized patients who were presented with fall-related injuries to the Al-Ain Hospital during the two periods of March 2003 to March 2006 and January 2014 to December 2017 were compared. This included patients’ demographics, mechanism, location, anatomical distribution and parameters related to injury severity. Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analysis.Results: Eight-hundred-eighty-two patients in the first period and 1358 patients in the second period were studied. The incidence of falls decreased by 30.5% over ten years. The number of elderly, female patients and UAE nationals increased, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, and p < 0.001, respectively. Falls from height decreased by 32.5% (p < 0.001) while fall on the same level increased by 22.5% (p < 0.001). Fall-related injuries at home has increased significantly by 22.6% (p <0.001) while falls in workplaces decreased by 24.4% (p <0.001). Conclusions: Our study showed that the overall incidence of falls decreased compared to a decade ago. The preventive measures were effective in reducing falls from height and workplace injuries. Current preventive measures should target falls at the same level and at homes.
Organisational Determinants and Consequences of Diagnostic Discrepancy in Emergency Departments: A National Study of Consecutive Episodes Between 2008-2016
Authors: Tipsmark Line Stjernholm , Obel Børge , Andersson Tommy , Søgaard Rikke
Published: December 2020

Background Diagnostic discrepancy (DD) is a common phenomenon in healthcare, but little is known about its organisational determinants and consequences. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate this among selected emergency department (ED) patients. Method We conducted an observational study including all consecutive ED patients (hip fracture or erysipelas) in the Danish healthcare sector admitted between 2008 and 2016. DD was defined as a discrepancy between discharge and admission diagnoses. Episode and department statistics were retrieved from Danish registers. We conducted a survey among all Danish EDs (m=21) to inform organisational determinants. To estimate the results while adjusting for episode- and department-level heterogeneity, we used mixed effect models of ED organisational determinants and 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality and episode costs (2018-DKK) of DDs. ResultsDD was observed in 2,308 (3.3%) of 69,928 hip fracture episodes and 3,206 (8.5%) of 37,558 erysipelas episodes. The main organisational determinant of DD was senior physicians being employed at the ED (hip fracture: odds ratio (OR) 2.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.15-3.51; erysipelas: OR 3.29, 95% CI 2.65-4.07). However, 24-hour presence of senior physicians (hip fracture) and availability of external senior physicians (both groups) were negatively associated with DD. DD was associated with increased 30-day readmission (hip fracture, mean 9.45% vs 13.76%, OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.28-1.66, p<0.001) and episode costs (hip fracture, 61,681 DKK vs 109,860 DKK, log cost 0.58, 95% CI 0.53-0.63, p<0.001; erysipelas, mean 20,818 DKK vs 56,329 DKK, log cost 0.97, 95% CI 0.92-1.02, p<0.001) compared with episodes without DD. Conclusion DD affects outcomes, and particular organisational characteristics seem to be associated with DD. Yet, the complexity of organisations and settings warrant further studies into these associations.
White Matter Hyperintensity Load Drives Differential Grey Matter Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Vipin Ashwati , Wong Benjamin Yi Xin , Kumar Dilip , Low Audrey , Ng Kok Pin , Kandiah Nagaendran
Published: December 2020

Background: Small-vessel cerebrovascular disease often represented as white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging, is considered an important risk factor for progression to dementia. Grey matter volume alterations in Alzheimer’s disease-specific regions comprising the default mode network and executive control network are also key features of early Alzheimer’s disease. However, the relationship between increasing white matter hyperintensity load and grey matter volume needs further examination in the cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment. Here, we examined the load-dependent influence of white matter hyperintensities on grey matter volume and cognition in the cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment stages.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging data from 93 mild cognitive impairment and 90 cognitively normal subjects were studied and white matter hyperintensity load was categorized into low, medium and high terciles. We examined how differing loads of white matter hyperintensities related to whole-brain voxel-wise and regional grey matter volume in the default mode network and executive control network. We further investigated how regional grey matter volume moderated the relationship between white matter hyperintensities and cognition at differing white matter hyperintensity loads.Results: We found differential load-dependent effects of white matter hyperintensity burden on voxel-wise and regional grey matter atrophy in only mild cognitive impairment subjects. At low load, white matter hyperintensity load was positively related to grey matter volume in the executive control network but at high load, white matter hyperintensity load was negatively related to grey matter volume across both the executive control and default mode networks and no relationship was observed at medium white matter hyperintensity load. Additionally, negative associations between white matter hyperintensities and domains of memory and executive function were moderated by regional grey matter volume. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate dynamic relationships between white matter hyperintensity load, grey matter volume and cognition in the mild cognitive impairment stage. Interventions to slow the progression of white matter hyperintensities, instituted when white matter hyperintensity load is low could potentially prevent further cognitive decline.
Interpret The Synergistic Mechanism of Shenfu Decoction in Treating Sick Sinus Syndrome From the Perspective of Systematic Pharmacology
Authors: Li Yihua , Luo Zhiyun , Chen Yupeng , Wang Kexin , Li Yi , Cai Jieqi , Zhao Xinjun , Chu Qingmin , Guan Daogang , Li Rong
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a common cardiovascular disease without available oral drugs for a long-term routine treatment, which can be treated by Shenfu Decoction (SFD) according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical applications. The purpose of this research is to decode the therapeutic mechanisms of SFD in treating SSS as well as interpret the synergistic relationship of herbs in SFD through the method of systematic pharmacology.Methods: We established a novel systematic pharmacological model, which integrate pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacological data and network topology analysis, to effectively screen the key components of SFD. Based on the key components, gene ontology, pathway enrichment and molecular docking were used to clarify and validate the therapeutic mechanisms of SFD in treating SSS and the synergistic relationship of herbs in SFD. Results: Through our proposed mathematical model, we retrieved 55 components which were defined as synergistic functional components group (SFCG) from 209 potential active components of SFD screened by ADME parameters. Pathway analysis of SFCG targets indicated that RS and FZ could synergistically target to neuroactive ligand-receptor reaction, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway and other pathways to treat SSS. Additionally, molecular docking analysis showed that the average affinity of SFCG and targets involved in the key pathways reached -6.36 kcal/mmol, validating the synergistic effect of RS and FZ in treating SSS.Conclusions: The therapeutic effect of SFD on SSS may be due to its functions of regulating ion channel function, signal transduction and energy metabolism. Besides, we found that the synergistic relationship between RS and FZ can be described at the levels of target, function and pathway.
Epidemic Curves and COVID-19: How to Reduce The Confusion
Authors: Ost Katarina , Yuan Mengru , Carabin Hélène , Zinszer Kate
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Epidemic curves have played a central role in comparing COVID-19 burden and progression across cities, states, and countries. Methods: We created a series of epidemic curves for Québec and Ontario, comparing and contrasting different COVID-19 outcomes. Results: The different epidemic curves of COVID-19 revealed that crude incidence rates displayed larger differences between the two provinces compared to absolute counts. More notable differences between Ontario and Québec were demonstrated when comparing crude rates of hospitalizations to crude rates of confirmed cases in each province. Crude daily hospitalizations revealed twice the magnitude of hospitalizations for Québec from April to May when compared to Ontario. Conclusions: We recommend using crude rates of hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality for COVID-19 epidemic curve comparison as they reveal important patterns in disease trends, and are more easily comparable between health jurisdictions. A harmonized approach to data presentation is important to not only accurately compare the progression of the pandemic, but also for interpretation of the media and the general public.
The Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Chemoembolization with Bleomycin for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Unresponsive to Doxorubicin:A Prospective Single-center Study
Authors: fu jinxin , wang yan , zhang jinlong , yuan kai , yan jieyu , yuan bing , guan yang , wang maoqiang
Published: December 2020

Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with bleomycin for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) unresponsive to doxorubicin.Methods We did a randomized controlled trial in HCC patients resistant to TACE with doxorubicin to assess the survival benefits of the experimental group (TACE with bleomycin) compared with the control group (TACE with doxorubicin). 170 patients were allocated randomly between December 2015 and December 2017 and 80 patients of each group were accomplished and analyzed finally. The modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) was used to evaluated the tumor response every 4-6 weeks. The primary endpoint was median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS). Safety was assessed by post-procedure complications.Results The study was stopped in October 2018. Objective response rate (ORR) of the experimental group was 27.5% (22/80) , mPFS and mOS was 5.8 and 8.1 months. ORR of the control group was 7.5% (6/80) , mPFS and mOS was 2.9 and 4.0 months. The ORR were significantly different between two grous ( χ²= 0.348, P＜0.05). The differences of mPFS and mOS between the two groups were statistically significant (χ² = 2.865, P＜0.05 and χ² = 0.926, P＜0.05, respectively). There were no significant difference in post-procedure complications (P＞0.05) and no major complications occurred.Conclusion It is suggested that TACE with bleomycin is a safe and effective method for HCC and bleomycin can be a second-line chemotherapeutic agent for the HCC patients unresponsive to TACE with doxorubicin.
PD-L1 on circulating tumor cells indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Zhang Guochao , Wu Shafei , Li Jiaxin , sun qiang
Published: December 2020

Background

In breast cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with a poor prognosis, but research concerning programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1) on CTCs in breast cancer is limited. This study investigated an association between PD-L1 on CTCs, tumor cells (TCs), or tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), respectively, and prognosis and clinicopathological features in breast cancer.
Methods

Twenty patients with breast cancer were recruited; one was excluded for confirmed lymphoma. The PD-L1 on TCs and TIICs was determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC); PD-L1 mRNA expression on CTCs was analyzed. The chi-squared test was used to determine associations between clinicopathological features and PD-L1 on TCs, TIICs, and CTCs. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model analyses were applied to compare the survival of patients and related factors.
Results

The follow-up time was 48 months. Of the 19 patients, 14 had > 1 CTC/10 mL peripheral blood. Among these, each had ≥ 1 CTC showing PD-L1. There was no association between the presence of PD-L1 on TCs, TIICs, and CTCs and pathology, nor between PD-L1 on TCs and TIICs and survival. Patients with high PD-L1 levels on CTCs or higher T status had poor overall survival (P = 0.034 and 0.003, respectively); and these were prognostic factors (P = 0.029, 0.010).
Conclusion

High levels of PD-L1 on CTCs may be a prognostic factor for shorter survival in breast cancer.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: a Retrospective Study of 112 Patients in Beijing
Authors: Zhou Huimei , Liu Qian , Shi Xiaohua , Yang Jiaxin , Cao Dongyan , Wang Tao , Shen Keng
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and to further explore the monitoring value of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125).MethodsThe medical records of 112 OCCC patients who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between 2014 and 2019 were collected and reviewed, and data such as age, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, CA-125 level, treatment, recurrence, and death were extracted.OutcomesThe median patient age was 50 (45, 57) years. Sixty (53.57%) patients were in stage I, 13 (11.61%) patients were in stage II, 22 (28.57%) patients were in stage III, and 7 (6.25%) patients were in stage IV. In total, 109 (97.32%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median chemotherapy cycles of CA-125 normalization was 2 (0, 3). The 1-year and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 87.85% and 72.90%, respectively. The median PFS1 duration was 19 (11, 35) months, and the median overall survival (OS) duration was 24 (13, 40) months. Recurrence occurred in 32 patients, of whom 7 (21.88%) developed platinum-resistant recurrence. Fifty percent of relapsed patients had a CA-125 level<35 IU/ml at the time of relapse. Nine (28.13%) patients experienced a second recurrence. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the Chemotherapy cycles of CA-125 normalization remained nonsignificant for stage I (P=0.003, HR 4.287, 95% CI=1.632–11.258) and stage III (P=0.003, HR 4.287, 95% CI=1.632–11.258) disease. Multivariate Cox regression showed that platinum resistance was an independent factor for PFS2 (P=0.008, HR 11.562, 95% CI=1.873–71.353).ConclusionsFIGO stage and chemotherapy resistance are independent risk factors for prognosis. CA-125 levels following treatment are a valid indicator for treatment monitoring. Regardless of chemosensitivity to CA-125, CA-125 normalization before chemotherapy cycle 2 may not be a distinct inflection point for PFS and OS.
Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Low Pressure Pneumo-Peritoneum in Cardiopulmonary Risk Patients: Fundus-Calot Cholecystectomy VS Calot first Cholecystectomy. Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Habeeb Tamer A.A.M , Osman Gamal , Ibrahim Amr , Riad Mohamed , Metwalli Abd-Elrahman M. , Khalil Osama M.H. , Mansour Mohamed Ibrahim , mohamed Ahmed Shafik , negm Said mohamed , Wasefy Tamer , Baghdadi Muhammad Ali , Sieda Bassem , elsayed Ashraf abdelmonem , Amin Mohamed Farouk , Abdalla Wael M , Elaidy Mostafa. M. , Mawla Walid A. , sharaf Khaled , Abdelhamid Mohamed I.
Published: December 2020

Background:The numbers of elderly persons have greatly increased worldwide due to improvement of medical health. Elderly complains of cardiopulmonary diseases and the incidence of emergent gall bladder diseases increase with age. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the usual approach in dealing with cholithiasis that greatly replace open approach even in acute emergency gall bladder diseases.Aim: compare between initial Fundus first cholecystectomy followed by Calot dissection VS Calot first cholecystectomy in Emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure pneumo-peritoneum in cardiopulmonary risk patients as regard intraoperative data and postoperative complications.Patients and methods:This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out in the Department of Emergency General Surgery on 470 cases with acute cholecystitis, biliary colic, mucocele and pyocele of gall bladder. The patients were divided into two groups, Group A: fundus-Calot group (235cases) and Group B (235cases): classical Calot first approach.ResultsIn most cases of group A, the operating time was up to 90 minutes, while in group B, most cases were more than 90 minutes. Intraoperative bleeding, visceral injury and biliary injury were higher in group B than in group A and therefore the conversion was higher in group B than in group A (14% vs. 4%). Postoperative sequelae were reported to be greater than in group B in regard to bleeding, biliary leakage and wound infections. Remote complications were more pronounced for biliary restrictions in Group B (14%) than in Group A (2%)Conclusion:Laparoscopic low-pressure pneumoperitoneum cholecystectomy with initial Fundus first method is an excellent and safe approach in treating acute gallbladder diseases in cardiopulmonary risk patients.
Factors Affect the Survival Status of HIV Infected Patients under ART: The Case of Wolisso Catholic Hospital, Wolisso, Ethiopia, 2016.
Authors: Argawu Alemayehu Siffir
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Monitoring the length of survival after diagnosis is, therefore, an important component of the surveillance of AIDS. It provides a basis for evaluating individual prognostic factors. The survival of patients with AIDS may depend on a variety of factors that are socio-demographic and clinical factors. The study is designed to identify factors that affect the survival status of HIV infected patients under ART in Wolisso, Ethiopia. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on cases of HIV infected patients of age 15 years and above who have started ART from September 2010 to August 2013 and followed until February 30th, 2014. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses were used. The descriptive analysis indicates that out of the total of 658 HIV-infected patients, 533(81%) are censored and 125(19%) are uncensored in the study. And, from 125 uncensored patients, 60(9.1%) patients have died and 65(9.9%) are dropped out cases. The overall mean estimated survival time of patients under the study was 33.76(95% CI: 32.6-34.9) months.RESULTS: The Kaplan Meier method was used to estimate the survival time and Cox’s regression model was employed to identify the covariates that have a statistically significant effect on the survival of HIV-infected patients. Based on the log-rank test, there was a significant difference in survival experience between the various categories of gender, marital status, work type, duration of pre-ART, regimen type, functional status, TB type, WHO clinical stage, condom use, and substance abuse (like smoking or alcoholic). And, the multivariate analysis of the Cox regression model gives that CD4 count, functional status, TB type, WHO clinical stage, condom use, and substance abuse are significant risk factors for survival of HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION: The patients with low CD4 count, WHO stage III or IV, being ambulatory or bedridden, extra-pulmonary, not used condom, and substance abuse were associated with a high risk of death or dropped out the ART of the patients. Therefore, it is recommended that these at-risk patients need careful monitoring to improve their survival times by the concerned bodies.
Hyperchloremia is associated with aute kidney injury in critical ill patients: an analysis of the MIMIC-III database
Authors: Gu Jie , Zuo Tingting , Zhu Qingqing , Chen Hui , Chen Yanbin , Fu Cuiping
Published: December 2020

Objective: Balanced fluid with no critical increase of chloride in serum was recommended in clinic. Whether hyperchloremia could make a difference for intensive care unit (ICU) patients with a higher acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence remains controversial.Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database was searched to identify patients hyperchloremia or non-hyperchloremia, and relationship between level of chloride and AKI incidence was analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Patients were divided into four disease subgroups based on the diagnosis at admission: cardiac, cerebral, gastrointestinal, respiratory. The association between maximum chloride (chloride_max) and incidence of AKI in each subgroup was evaluated using the Lowess Smoothing technique. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to analyze the diagnostic value of hyperchloremia (chloride_max>110mmol/L) in these four subgroup patients.Results: A total of 34,617 patients were included in our study, of which 12667 patients (36.6%) was diagnosed with hyperchloremia. The risk of incidence of AKI was increased in the hyperchloremia group. As the higher level of hyperchlorimia, the bigger adjusted odds ratio (OR) presented in terms of AKI, with the OR increasing from 1.13 (95%CI 1.06-1.21; P<0.001) to 4.09 (95%CI 3.04-5.52; P<0.001). Normal level of chloride (95-110mmol/L) was associated with the lower incidence of AKI rate compared to the hypochloremia (<95mmol/L) or the hyperchloremia (>110mmol/L) in any subgroup of cerebral, cardiac, respiratory and gastrointestinal disease. The diagnostic performance was good for cerebral disease (AUC=0.617), cardiac disease (AUC=0.636), respiratory disease (AUC=0.623) and gastrointestinal disease (AUC=0.633). The optimal cut-off value in terms of chloride_max for diagnosing AKI was 116mmol/L for the subgroup of cerebral, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, and 115 mmol/L for cardiac patients.Conclusion: Hyperchloremia was associated with increased risk adjusted AKI incidence among critical ill patients. For ICU patients with cerebral, gastrointestinal and respiratory admission diagnose, the predictive threshold was at 116mmoL/L, and cardiac diagnose was at 115 mmol/L.
Prevalence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors with left main or triple vessel coronary diseases: A multi-center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Youn-Jung , Park Duk-Woo , Kim Yong Hwan , Choi Minwoo , Kim Su Jin , Lee Gun Tak , Lee Dong Hun , Lee Byung Kook , Oh Joo Suk , Oh Sang Hoon , Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Won Young
Published: December 2020

Background

While multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently observed in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors, little is known about the impact of revascularization strategy on outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of left main or triple vessel CAD in comatose survivors of OHCA and assess their outcome based on the revascularization strategy.
Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at 9 Korean tertiary care hospitals. Adult comatose OHCA survivors with left main or triple vessel CAD documented by immediate (≤ 2 hours) coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation between 2011 and 2019 were included. The primary outcome was neurologically intact survival at 1-month defined as survival with a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1–2.
Results

Among 727 OHCA patients with immediate coronary angiography, 150 (25.3%) with left main or triple vessel CAD were identified and categorized into complete (N = 32), incomplete (N = 78), and no immediate (N = 40) revascularization groups. The rate of neurologically intact survival at 1 month was significantly different among the groups (53.1%, 32.1%, and 22.5% for complete, incomplete, and no immediate revascularization groups, respectively; P = 0.021). After adjustment using the inverse probability of treatment weighting, complete revascularization was independently associated with neurologically intact survival at 1 month (odds ratio, 2.635; 95% confidence interval, 1.128–6.155; P = 0.012).
Conclusions

Left main or triple vessel CAD is not uncommon in comatose OHCA patients. The rate of neurologically intact survival at 1 month was 34.0%, and it was significantly greater in patients with complete revascularization than in patients with incomplete or no immediate revascularization. Further clinical trials will be needed to confirm the best revascularization strategy to improve outcomes in such critically ill patients.
Two Novel Variants in DYRK1B causative of AOMS3: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Mendoza-Caamal Elvia Cristina , Barajas-Olmos Francisco , Mirzaeicheshmeh Elaheh , Ilizaliturri-Flores Ian , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos , Gómez-Velasco Donaji , Cicerón-Arellano Isabel , Reséndiz-Rodríguez Adriana , Martínez-Hernández Angélica , Contreras-Cubas Cecilia , Islas-Andrade Sergio , Zerrweck Carlos , García-Ortiz Humberto , Orozco Lorena
Published: December 2020

Background: We investigated pathogenic DYRK1B variants causative of abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3 (AOMS3) in a group of patients originally diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. All DYRK1B exons were analyzed in a sample of 509 unrelated adults with type 2 diabetes and 459 controls, all belonging to the DMS1 SIGMA-cohort (ExAC). We performed in silico analysis on missense variants using Variant Effect Predictor software. To evaluate co-segregation, predicted pathogenic variants were genotyped in other family members. We performed molecular dynamics analysis for the co-segregating variants. Results: After filtering, Mendelian genotypes were confirmed in two probands bearing two novel variants, p.Arg252His and p.Lys68Gln. Both variants co-segregated with the AOMS3 phenotype in classic dominant autosomal inheritance with full penetrance. In silico analysis revealed protein affectation induced by both variants. For the first time, we describe age-dependent variable expressivity of this entity, with central obesity and insulin resistance apparent in childhood; morbid obesity, severe hypertriglyceridemia, and labile type 2 diabetes appearing before 40 years of age; and hypertension emerging in the fifth decade of life. We also report the two youngest individuals suffering from AOMS3. Conclusions: Monogenic forms of metabolic diseases could be misdiagnosed and should be suspected in families with several affected members and early-onset metabolic phenotypes that are difficult to control. Early diagnostic strategies and medical interventions, even before symptoms or complications appear, could be useful.
Attenuation of Lipid Metabolism by Novel Pleiotropic Effects of Konjac Glucomannan
Authors: Kimura Takao , Yoshida Akihiro , Tsunekawa Katsuhiko , Araki Osamu , Ushiki Kazumi , Ishigaki Hirotaka , Shoho Yoshifumi , Suda Itsumi , Hiramoto Suguru , Murakami Masami
Published: December 2020

Background: Recently, we showed that konjac glucomannan (KGM) inhibited rice gruel-induced postprandial elevation of plasma glucose and insulin. To extend that research, we investigated the effects of adding KGM to rice gruel on pre- and postprandial circulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), and triglyceride concentrations. Methods: Twenty-four Japanese male subjects without diabetes or gastrointestinal diseases (aged 46–56 years) were included. Subjects received rice gruel containing 0% or 0.8% of KGM (0%G and 0.8%G, respectively). Blood samples were obtained at preload and 30, 60, and 120 min after receiving rice gruel with or without 0.8% KGM. LPL, GPIHBP1, and triglyceride concentrations in these samples were measured. Results: Circulating triglycerides were significantly reduced at 30 min and then returned to the fasting value in the subjects who received 0%G, whereas lower triglyceride levels were sustained in those who received 0.8%G. Although circulating levels of LPL and GPIHBP1 were significantly reduced for 0%G, they were increased for 0.8%G. We found a significant negative correlation between circulating levels of fasting LPL and triglycerides and a significant positive correlation between circulating levels of fasting LPL and GPIHBP1. A significant negative correlation between circulating levels of triglycerides at 120 min and fasting LPL was shown in the 0.8%G group, but not in the 0%G group. A significant positive correlation between circulating levels of LPL at 0 min and 120 min was shown in the 0%G and 0.8%G groups.Conclusions: The results demonstrated a novel pleiotropic effect of KGM. Supplementation of KGM powder in rice gruel sustained lower levels of triglycerides accompanying elevation of LPL and GPIHBP1, which attenuated lipid metabolism. Additionally, fasting LPL is a predictor of postprandial circulating levels of LPL.Trial registration: UMIN registration number: UMIN000025950; registered at February 1st. 2017; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000029247
Pseudoperomyia gen. n. from Malaysia and the phylogeny of the Micromyidi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Lestremiinae).
Authors: Jaschhof Mathias , Hippa Heikki
Published: December 2020

Die Gallmücken-Gattung Pseudoperomyia gen. n. wird für 8 Lestremiinen-Arten aus Malaysia begründet. Die neubeschriebenen Arten sind: P. acutistyla sp. n., P. bidentata sp. n., P. humilis sp. n., P. parvolobata sp. n., P. intermedia sp. n., P. longicornis sp. n., P. macrostyla sp. n. und P. platistyla sp. n. Innerhalb der Tribus Micromyini ist Anodontoceras die Schwestergruppe von Pseudoperomyia. Das Resultat einer Computeranalyse unterstützt weitgehend eine jüngst vorgeschlagene Hypothese zur Phylogenie der Micromyidi.Nomenklatorische HandlungenPseudoperomyia Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Cecidomyiidae), gen. n.acutistyla Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.bidentata Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.humilis Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.intermedia Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.longicornis Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.macrostyla Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.parvolobata Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.platistyla Jaschhof & Hippa, 1999 (Pseudoperomyia), spec. n.
Nuove Leptusa della Cina. Monografia del genere Leptusa Kraatz: Supplemento X (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).
Authors: Pace Roberto
Published: December 2020

Sechs neue Arten der Gattung Leptusa Kraatz werden auch China beschrieben und in die folgenden Untergattungen gestellt: Aleteleptusa jiudingensis, Chondrelytropisalia puetzi, Heteroleptusa shaanxiensis, Drepanoleptusa erlangensis, and Akratopisalia xianensis. Wesentliche Unterscheidungsmerkmale werden abgebildet.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Taxonomy, Leptusa, New Species, China.Nomenklatorische Handlungenqinlingensis Pace, 1999 (Leptusa (Akratopisalia)), spec. n.xianensis Pace, 1999 (Leptusa (Akratopisalia)), spec. n.jiudingensis Pace, 1999 (Leptusa (Aleteleptusa)), spec. n.schuelkei Pace, 1999 (Leptusa (Chondrelytropisalia)), spec. n.erlangensis Pace, 373 (Leptusa (Drepanoleptusa)), spec. n.shaanxiensis Pace, 1999 (Leptusa (Heteroleptusa)), spec. n.
Due nuove Aleocharinae orofile e microttere della Cina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).
Authors: Pace Roberto
Published: December 2020

Eine neue Gattung und zwei neue Arten der Tribus Athetini (Aleocharinae) werden beschrieben und abgebildet: Oroekklina g. n., daxuensis sp. n. aus Sichuan sowie Atheta (Microdota) puetzi sp. n. aus Shaanxi. Die außergewöhnliche neue Gattung wird kurz erörtert.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Taxonomy, New genus, New species, China.Nomenklatorische Handlungenpuetzi Pace, 1999 (Atheta (Microdota)), spec. n.daxuensis Pace, 1999 (Oroekklina), spec. n.Oroekklina Pace, 1999 (Staphylinidae), gen. n.
Die Puppen der mitteleuropäischen Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera). Charakteristik, Bestimmungstabelle der Überfamilien und Familien.
Authors: Patočka Jan
Published: December 2020

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Puppen der Schmetterlinge charakterisiert und eine Bestimmungsabelle der mitteleuropäischen Überfamilien und Familien (29 Überfamilien, 73 Familien) vorgelegt. Deren System wird anhand der Puppenmerkmale besprochen.StichwörterLepidoptera, pupae, superfamilies, families, Central Europa.
The Chromosomes of three species of the Nasonia complex (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).
Authors: Gokhman Vladimir E. , Westendorff Magdalene
Published: December 2020

Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung des Karyotyps der Schwesterarten Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836), N. longicornis Darling, 1990 und N. giraulti Darling, 1990 werden mitgeteilt. Für die beiden letztgenannten Arten liegen bisher keine karyologischen Daten vor. Die Karyotypen der drei untersuchten Arten mit n=5 und 2n=10 bestehen aus metacentrischen Chromosomen. Die Verteilung des konstitutiven Chromatins scheint in der Gattung Nasonia Ashmead, 1904 ebenfalls sehr einheitlich zu sein. Demgegenüber ergab die Morphometrie der Chromosomen statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den drei Arten. Die vorliegenden Daten entsprechen der Abfolge der Artenspaltungen im Nasonia-Komplex, die auf der Basis molekulargenetischer Untersuchungen festgestellt wurde.
Die Trauermücken - Fauna der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae).
Authors: Menzel Frank
Published: December 2020

Mit faunistischen Analysen konnten neue Erkenntnisse zur Diversität und zur Verbreitung der Sciaridae in Deutschland vorgelegt werden. Im Ergebnis dessen entstand eine stark korrigierte und wesentlich erweiterte Checklist zur Trauermückenfauna Deutschlands, in der alle Sciaridenfunde vom gesamten Territorium der Bundesrepublik eingeschlossen sind [Redaktionsschluß 31. Dezember 1998]. In die vorgelegte Arbeit gingen ca. 141.000 ausgewertete Imagines aus 20 musealen Kollektionen oder Privatsammlungen ein. Darunter befinden sich viele, bisher unberücksichtigte Fundmeldungen, die aus eigenen Faunenerhebungen oder aus revidierten historischen Sammlungsteilen stammen. Zudem konnten sehr individuenreiche Materialproben ausgewertet werden, die aus ganz Deutschland von 56 Entomologen zusammengetragen wurden. - Für die Sciaridenfauna der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wurden 343 valide Arten in 24 Gattungen und 10 'species incertae sedis' ermittelt. Die aktualisierte Checklist, die sich an einer überarbeiteten Nomenklatur und an einem stabileren System nach Menzel & Mohrig (2000) orientiert, vermittelt den gegenwärtigen 'Ist-Zustand' zum Arteninventar der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Publikation enthält ein stark überarbeitetes und erweitertes Verzeichnis der Literaturquellen. Die vorgestellten Untersuchungsergebnisse ermöglichten eine präzisere Einordnung der deutschen Sciaridenfauna in die rezente Fauna der paläarktischen Region und einen Faunenvergleich mit ausgewählten Landesfaunen in Europa.StichwörterDiptera, Sciaridae, Germany, biodiversity, faunistics, check list, locality list.
First record of Cordyla Meigen and Monoclona Mik from the Oriental region (Diptera: Mycetophilidae).
Authors: Ševčík Jan
Published: December 2020

Cordyla orientalis sp. n. und Monoclona laosensis sp. n. werden aus Süd-Laos vom Bolaven-Plateau beschrieben. Für die orientalische Region sind das die ersten Nachweise aus den sonst holarktisch verbreiteten Gattungen. - Die neue Cordyla-Spezies gehört zur Artengruppe mit gelblicher Färbung, 12 Fühlergeißeln und langem Stiel der Cu-Gabel. Somit steht sie den paläarktischen Arten Cordyla flaviceps (Staeger, 1840) und C. fasciata Meigen, 1830 äußerst nahe. Die neue Monoclona-Spezies gehört zur Artengruppe mit ventral getrennten Gonocoxiten, wodurch sie in die Nähe von Monoclona silvatica Zaitzev, 1983, M. orientalis Zaitzev, 1983 und M. rufilatera (Walker, 1837) zu stellen ist.Nomenklatorische Handlungenorientalis Ševčík, 2001 (Cordyla), spec. n.laosilvatica Ševčík, 2001 (Monoclona), 2001
On the identity of Aleochara (Coprochara) pauxilla (Mulsant & Rey, 1874) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).
Authors: Maus Christian
Published: December 2020

Identität und taxonomischer Status von Aleochara pauxilla (Mulsant & Rey, 1874) werden aufgrund der morphologischen Merkmalen und DNA-Sequenzdaten (COI/II- und 18S rRNA-Gene) untersucht. A. pauxilla (Mulsant & Rey, 1874) ist ein Synonym von A. verna, A. pauxilla auct. nec Mulsant & Rey ist konspezifisch mit A. binotata. Ein Lectotypus für A. pauxilla wird designiert.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Aleochara, Coprochara, taxonomy, molecular systematics, COI/II, 18S rRNA.Nomenklatorische Handlungenpauxilla Mulsant & Rey, 1874 (Baryodma), Lectotype; syn. n. of Aleochara verna Sharp, 1836
The species of the genus Thysanarthria d´Orchymont, 1926 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae).
Authors: Hebauer Franz
Published: December 2020

Die Hydrophilien-Gattung Thysanarthria D‘Ochymont, Nachbargattung zu Chaetarthria, mit bisher 4 beschriebenen Arten (atriceps Régimbart, britteni Balfour-Browne, championi Knisch, sulcata Chiesa) konnte in vorliegender Arbeit um weitere 6 Arten (bengalensis, brincki, ceylonensis, hongsonensis, madurensis und siamensis spp. n.) ergänzt werden. Die Verbreitung erstreckt sich von Afrika über Arabien, Afghanistan und Indien bis Indochina. Eine Bestimmungstabelle und die Aedoeagi aller bisher bekannten Arten ergänzen die Beschreibungen.StichwörterColeoptera, Hydrophilidae, genus Thysanarthria, review, new species.Nomenklatorische Handlungenbengalensis Hebauer, 2001 (Thysanarthria), spec. n.brincki Hebauer, 2001 (Thysanarthria), spec. n.ceylonensis Hebauer, 2001 (Thysanarthria), spec. n.hongsonensis Hebauer, 2001 (Thysanarthria), spec. n.madurensis Hebauer, 2001 (Thysanarthria), spec. n.siamensis Hebauer, 2001 (Thysanarthria), spec. n.
Lebensdaten und Heteroptera-Sammlung des Felix von Baerensprung (1822-1864) (Heteroptera).
Authors: Deckert Jürgen
Published: December 2020

Felix von Baerensprung lebte von 1822 bis 1864. Er beschäftigte sich nebenbei mit der Entomologie und war Arzt in Halle und Berlin. Einige mitteleuropäische Heteroptera sind von ihm beschrieben worden, außerdem sammelte er in Berlin und Brandenburg in den fünfziger Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts. Neben Angaben zu seinen Lebensdaten werden von ihm beschriebene Arten, die vorhandenen Typen in der Sammlung des Museums für Naturkunde und seine Veröffentlichungen über Heteroptera aufgelistet. - Für Graphosoma oculatum, Alydus sareptanus und Anthocoris elegantulus werden Lectotypen designiert.StichwörterHeteroptera, Baerensprung, curriculum vitae, type specimens, lectotype designation, publication list.Nomenklatorische Handlungensareptanus Baerensprung, 1859 (Alydus), Lectotype now a synonym of Megalotomus ornaticeps Stål, 1858oculatum Baerensprung, 1858 (Graphosoma), Lectotype now a synonym of Derula flavoguttata Mulsant & Rey, 1856elegantula (Baerensprung, 1858) (Loricula), Lectotype described as Anthocoris elegantulus
Dermaptera from Cyprus and Turkey.
Authors: Haas Fabian , Henderickx Hans
Published: December 2020

Forficula smyrnensis Serville, 1839 wird erstmals von Zypern, Forficula lurida Fischer, 1853 und Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773) werden aus der Türkei nachgewiesen. Eine Liste der bisher von Zypern und der Türkei bekannten Dermapteren wird vorgelegt. Darminhaltsuntersuchungen von Forficula lurida und Labidura riparia deuten auf eine carnivore Ernährungsweise hin; dagegen wurden bei Forficula smyrnensis ausschließlich pflanzliche Nahrungsreste gefunden.StichwörterForficula, Labidura, Turkey, Cyprus, Asia Minor, gut contents, feeding.
Taxonomische Studien zur Hydrophiliden-Gattung Enochrus Thomson, 1859. - 4. Teil: Die afrikanischen Arten der Untergattung Methydrus Rey, 1885. C.: Die Enochrus ellipsoideus-Gruppe.
Authors: Hebauer Franz
Published: December 2020

Im vorliegenden 4. Teil der taxonomischen Studien zur Hydrophiliden-Gattung Enochrus Thomson wird die E. ellipsoideus-Gruppe (sensu Balfour-Browne 1959) vorgestellt und um eine weitere Art E. auroralis sp. n. erweitert. Eine Bestimmungstabelle und die Abbildungen der Aedoeagi aller afrikanischen Arten der Gruppe sollen die Zuordnung erleichtern.StichwörterInsecta, Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Enochrus, taxonomy, Africa, key, new species.Nomenklatorische Handlungenauroralis Hebauer, 2002 (Enochrus (Methydrus)), spec. n.