bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental perspectives on physical activity of adolescents with cerebral palsy: a pilot study
Authors: Koldoff Elizabeth A
Published: June 2017

As adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) move into adulthood, physical activity tends to decline and they are three times more likely to develop heart disease, stroke or cancer than their able-bodied peers. While their motor function may never reach the level of able-bodied teens, improving physical activity of adolescents with CP may help them reach more optimal physical and psychosocial health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand physical activity of adolescents with cerebral palsy from the viewpoint of their parents ( n = 5). The research question was ‘How do parents of adolescents with cerebral palsy view physical activity?’. The study resulted in five themes: 1) ‘My child is unique’; 2) ‘It is not about winning, it is about being able to participate’; 3) ‘Friends motivate my child’; 4) ‘We can figure it out’; and 5) ‘I wish I could do more with my teen.’ Parents expressed powerlessness over their teen’s opportunities for physical activity. They reported that friends’ participation and social interaction are motivating factors for their child’s participation in physical activity. Another motivator would be linking movement to individual interests, focusing on abilities, not disabilities. An implication for practice would be to include parents in the development of physical activity programmes. Increasing empirical evidence from the viewpoint of these parents could inform nurses involved in public health, family medicine and rehabilitation about the development of programmes that would better anticipate and meet adolescent needs.
Severe periodontitis and higher cirrhosis mortality
Authors: Ladegaard Grønkjær Lea , Holmstrup Palle , Schou Søren , Jepsen Peter , Vilstrup Hendrik
Published: June 2017

Background

Periodontitis and edentulism are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis, but their clinical significance is largely unknown.

Objective

The objective of this article is to determine the association of severe periodontitis and edentulism with mortality in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods

A total of 184 cirrhosis patients underwent an oral examination. All-cause and cirrhosis-related mortality was recorded. The associations of periodontitis and edentulism with mortality were explored by Kaplan–Meier survival plots and Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, gender, cirrhosis etiology, Child–Pugh score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, smoker status, present alcohol use, comorbidity, and nutritional risk score.

Results

The total follow-up time was 74,197 days (203.14 years). At entry, 44% of the patients had severe periodontitis and 18% were edentulous. Forty-four percent of the patients died during follow-up. Severe periodontitis was associated with higher all-cause mortality in the crude analysis (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06–2.54), but not in the adjusted analysis (HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.79–2.45). Severe periodontitis was even more strongly associated with higher cirrhosis-related mortality (crude HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.07–4.50 and adjusted HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.04–4.99). No association was found between edentulism and mortality.

Conclusion

The presence of severe periodontitis predicted a more than double one-year cirrhosis mortality. These findings may motivate intervention trials on the effect of periodontitis treatment in patients with cirrhosis.
Treatment of hepatitis C genotype 1 infection in Germany: effectiveness and safety of antiviral treatment in a real‐world setting
Authors: Höner zu Siederdissen Christoph , Buggisch Peter , Böker Klaus , Schott Eckart , Klinker Hartwig , Pathil Anita , Pfeiffer‐Vornkahl Heike , Berg Thomas , Sarrazin Christoph , Hüppe Dietrich , Manns Michael P , Mauss Stefan
Published: June 2017

Background

In pivotal studies with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), rates of sustained virological response in hepatitis C genotype 1 infection are >90%.

Objective

The objective of this article is to assess real‐world safety and effectiveness of DAA treatment in a prospective multicenter registry study.

Methods

The German Hepatitis C‐Registry includes 6606 patients with genotype 1 from 246 centers, treated between February 2014 and June 2016 at the discretion of the physician.

Results

A total of 4846 patients completed treatment and follow‐up; 51% of these patients were treatment experienced and 28% had liver cirrhosis. Comorbidities were reported in 76% of patients, including HIV co‐infection in 8%. SVR12 was 92% with 91% in GT1a and 93% in GT1b. HIV co‐infected patients (n  = 247) had an SVR12 of 92%. Treatment was discontinued prematurely in 2.5%. In multivariate analysis, SVR12 was dependent on the choice of antiviral regimen (OR 1.33 (1.24–1.43); p  < 0.001), negatively associated with presence of liver cirrhosis (OR 0.71 (0.56–0.89); p  < 0.003) and positively associated with female gender (OR 1.52 (1.21–1.91); p  < 0.001).

Conclusion

Data from this real‐world registry show SVR12 rates close to those obtained in clinical studies. Discontinuation rates are low, confirming good tolerance of the regimens and good adherence of patients (Trial registration number DRKS00009717, German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS).
Fluorcaphite from hydrothermally altered teschenite at Tichá, Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic: compositional variations and origin
Authors: Kropáč Kamil , Dolníček Zdeněk , Uher Pavel , Urubek Tomáš
Published: June 2017

Fluorcaphite [SrCaCa3(PO4)3F] is a rare strontium-calcium member of the apatite supergroup which was previously known only from the Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline complexes. This paper presents evidence of a third fluorcaphite occurrence. It was found in hydrothermally altered Lower Cretaceous teschenite, which forms an intrusive body (probably a sill) in the Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic flysch sediments at Tichá near Frenštát pod Radhoštěm, Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians (Czech Republic). Fluorcaphite occurs as an accessory mineral in hydrothermal veins and in an adjacent alteration zone within the host teschenite. Vein-hosted fluorcaphite forms euhedral crystals and skeletal crusts enclosed in analcime while the teschenite-hosted fluorcaphite forms small overgrowths on older phenocrysts of magmatic apatite. Fluorcaphite from Tichá contains 0.50–1.97 Sr apfu, 2.96–4.49 Ca apfu, 0.59–1.09 F apfu and significantly lower Na (0.01–0.05 apfu) and LREE contents (up to 0.07 apfu). Fluorcaphite formed under hydrothermal conditions after solidification of the host teschenite during post-magmatic hydrothermal activity at temperatures probably between ∼150 and 300°C. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of vein-hosted analcime +fluorcaphite (0.7063) is significantly higher than those of the host teschenite (0.7041). We therefore suggest a mix of strontium sources in the vein analcime+fluorcaphite: (1) from the host teschenite plus (2) from external source(s) including the Lower Cretaceous seawater and/or surrounding sedimentary rocks of the Silesian Unit. These data indicate an open-system fluid regime and the participation of various fluid sources during the alteration event giving rise to fluorcaphite.
Characteristics and formation processes of (Ba, K, NH4)-feldspar and cymrite from a lower Cambrian black shale sequence in Anhui Province, South China
Authors: Chang Chao , Hu Wen-Xuan , Fu Qi , Cao Jian , Wang Xiao-Lin , Wan Ye , Yao Su-Ping
Published: June 2017

Barium-rich silicates were recently found in the lower Cambrian black shale sequence of Anhui Province, South China. The Ba silicates can be divided into Ba-poor K-feldspar, Ba-rich K-feldspar and cymrite, on the basis of occurrence and composition. The Ba-poor K-feldspar have low BaO contents (<1.00 wt.%) and occur as sporadic grains in mudstone. In contrast, the Ba-rich K-feldspar have higher BaO contents (1.36–20.51 wt.%) and occur mainly as rims around grains of Ba-poor K-feldspar in mudstone, as void fillings in dolostone, and as grains dispersed in chert. The cymrite is observed only in chert and occurs as dispersed euhedral tabular crystals. Analyses of the Ba-poor K-feldspar and Ba-rich K-feldspar provide compositions that total <100 wt.% and show non-stoichiometry characterized by (Na + K + Ba + Ca)apfu less than 1.00 and (Al + Si)apfu slightly higher than 4.00. Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy has revealed the presence of ${\rm NH}_{\rm 4}^{\rm +} $ and H2O in the Ba-rich K-feldspar, which accounts for the unusual composition of these feldspars. We suggest that the formation processes of the Ba-poor K-feldspar, Ba-rich K-feldspar and cymrite were closely associated with multi-stage hydrothermal fluids enriched in Ba and NH4, consistent with an extensional tectonic setting during the early Cambrian. The Ba-poor K-feldspars might have formed through interactions between pre-existing K-feldspars and hydrothermal fluids. The Ba-rich K-feldspars in mudstone and dolostone formed mainly by precipitation from hydrothermal fluids that infiltrated the sediments, and we suggest the Ba-rich K-feldspars and cymrite in the chert are of exhalative hydrothermal origin.
Synthesis and characterization of wollastonite-2Mby using a diatomite precursor
Authors: Novembre Daniela , Pace Carla , Gimeno Domingo
Published: June 2017

Solid phase reaction synthesis of wollastonite-2Mby a natural rock precursor as the source of amorphous silica and CaCO3is reported. Chemical treatments were carried out on a diatomitic rock from Crotone (Calabria, Italy) in order to measure its reactive silica and CaCO3contents. Four series of synthesis were performed at 1000°C at ambient pressure by mixing, at different stoichiometry, the diatomitic rock with a natural limestone as a source of additive CaCO3, and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as triggering agent.

Wollastonite-2Mwas characterized by chemo-physical, crystallographical and morphological-microtextural analyses. All these characterizations, together with infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si) responses provide values comparable to literature data. Estimation of the amorphous phase in the synthesis powders was performed through quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods, resulting in a final product of 96.3% wollastonite-2M.
Melcherite, trigonal Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19]·6H2O, the second natural hexaniobate, from Cajati, São Paulo, Brazil: Description and crystal structure
Authors: Andrade Marcelo B. , Atencio Daniel , Menezes Filho Luiz A. D. , Spratt John
Published: June 2017

Melcherite (IMA2015-018), ideally Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19]·6H2O, occurs as a vug mineral in the carbonatite of the Jacupiranga mine, Cajati county, São Paulo state, Brazil, associated with dolomite, calcite, magnetite, pyrrhotite, tochilinite, ‘pyrochlore’ and fluorapatite. This is also the type locality for zirkelite, quintinite, menezesite and pauloabibite. The mineral forms irregular, tabular crystals up to 200 µm in maximum dimension. Melcherite is transparent and displays a vitreous lustre; it is beige with a white streak. It is non-fluorescent. The mineral displays perfect cleavage on {001}. Chemical composition varies from Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19].6H2O to (BaK)(NaCa)Mg[Nb6O19].6H2O. Empirical formulae for the first and the second compositions are: (Ba1.75K0.19)Σ1.94(Na1.80Ca0.19)Σ1.99(Mg0.96Mn0.02Al0.02)Σ1.00Nb6.02O19.00·6H2O and (Ba0.99K1.00)Σ1.99(Na1.02Ca0.96)Σ1.98(Mg0.95Mn0.05)Σ1.00Nb6.02O19.00·6H2O, respectively. Data for a single crystal with the second composition are: trigonal, R$\bar 3$, a = 9.0117(6) Å, c = 23.3986(16) Å, V = 1645.64(19) Å3 and Z = 3. Calculated density for this formula is 3.733 g/cm3, and the calculated mean refractive index is 1.924. Melcherite is a hexaniobate that has structural layers parallel to the xy plane that stack along the c axis with simultaneous 1/3 [110] displacement so as to produce an R lattice. The melcherite structure is built by layers of [(Ba,K)(O,H2O)9] polyhedra and the [Nb6O19]8− super-octahedron (Lindqvist anion) interconnected by [(Na,Ca)O6] polyhedra. Cations of Mg2+ are bonded to six water molecules each and are not associated with Lindqvist oxygen ions. The mineral is named in honour of Geraldo Conrado Melcher (1924–2011), a pioneer in Jacupiranga carbonatite studies.
Fluorlamprophyllite, Na3(SrNa)Ti3(Si2O7)2O2F2, a new mineral from Poços de Caldas alkaline massif, Morro do Serrote, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Andrade Marcelo B. , Yang Hexiong , Downs Robert T. , Färber Gunnar , Contreira Filho Reynaldo R. , Evans Stanley H. , Loehn Clayton W. , Schumer Benjamin N.
Published: June 2017

A new mineral species, fluorlamprophyllite (IMA2013-102), ideally Na3(SrNa)Ti3(Si2O7)2O2F2, has been found in the Poços de Caldas alkaline massif, Morro do Serrote, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Alternatively, the idealized chemical formula could be written as (SrNa)[(Na3Ti)F2][Ti2(Si2O7)2O2], setting the large interlayer cations before the cations of the layer. Fluorlamprophyllite is the F-analogue of lamprophyllite. It is associated with aegirine, analcime, natrolite, nepheline and microcline. Fluorlamprophyllite crystals are brownish-orange and bladed. The mineral is transparent with a pale yellow streak and an adamantine lustre. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of ~3; cleavage is perfect on {100} and no parting was observed. The calculated density is 3.484 g/cm3. Optically, fluorlamprophyllite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.735(7), β = 1.749(7) and γ = 1.775(9) and 2Vmeas = 72(3)°. An electron microprobe analysis produced an average composition (wt.%) (9 points) of Na2O 10.63(30), K2O 0.47(3), SiO2 30.51(13), SrO 18.30(24), MgO 0.81(17), Al2O3 0.23(2), CaO 1.11(7), MnO 5.03(38), TiO2 27.41(87), Fe2O3 2.45(37), F 2.86(23), plus H2O 1.00 (added to bring the total close to 100%), –O = F –1.20, with the total = 98.61%. The elements Nb and Ba were sought, but contents were below microprobe detection limits. The resultant chemical formula was calculated on the basis of 18 (O + F) atoms per formula unit. The addition of 1.00 wt.% H2O brought [F+(OH)] = 2 pfu, yielding (Na2.63Sr1.35Mn0.54Ca0.15Mg0.15K0.08)Σ4.90(Ti2.63Fe0.24Al0.04)Σ2.91Si3.89O16[F1.15(OH)0.85]Σ2.00. The mineral is monoclinic, with space group C2/m and unit-cell parameters a = 19.255(2), b = 7.0715(7), c = 5.3807(6) Å, β = 96.794(2)° and V = 727.5(1) Å3. The structure is a layered silicate inasmuch as the O atoms are arranged in well-defined, though not necessarily close-packed layers.
Parisite-(La), ideally CaLa2(CO3)3F2, a new mineral from Novo Horizonte, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Menezes Filho Luiz A. D. , Chaves Mario L. S. C. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Atencio Daniel , Scholz Ricardo , Pekov Igor , da Costa Geraldo Magela , Morrison Shaunna M. , Andrade Marcelo B. , Freitas Erico T. F. , Downs Robert T. , Belakovskiy Dmitriy I.
Published: June 2017

Parisite-(La) (IMA2016-031), ideally CaLa2(CO3)3F2, occurs in a hydrothermal vein crosscutting a metarhyolite of the Rio dos Remédios Group, at the Mula mine, Tapera village, Novo Horizonte county, Bahia, Brazil, associated with hematite, rutile, almeidaite, fluocerite-(Ce), brockite, monazite-(La), rhabdophane-(La) and bastnäsite-(La). Parisite-(La) occurs as residual nuclei (up to 5 mm) in steep doubly-terminated pseudo-hexagonal pyramidal crystals (up to 8.2 cm). Parisite-(La) is transparent, yellow-green to white, with a white streak and displays a vitreous (when yellow-green) to dull (when white) lustre. Cleavage is distinct on pseudo-{001}; fracture is laminated, conchoidal, or uneven. The Mohs hardness is 4 to 5, and it is brittle. Calculated density is 4.273 g cm−3. Parisite-(La) is pseudo-uniaxial (+), ω = 1.670(2) and ε = 1.782(5) (589 nm). The empirical formula normalized on the basis of 11 (O + F) atoms per formula unit (apfu) is Ca0.98(La0.83Nd0.51Ce0.37Pr0.16Sm0.04Y0.03)Σ1.94C3.03O8.91F2.09. The IR spectrum confirms the absence of OH groups. Single-crystal X-ray studies gave the following results: monoclinic (pseudo-trigonal), space group: C2, Cm, or C2/m, a = 12.356(1) Å, b = 7.1368(7) Å, c = 28.299(3) Å, β = 98.342(4)°, V = 2469.1(4) Å3 and Z = 12. Parisite-(La) is the La-dominant analogue of parisite-(Ce).
The palisade cartilage tympanoplasty technique: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jeffery Caroline C. , Shillington Cameron , Andrews Colin , Ho Allan
Published: June 2017

Background

Tympanoplasty is a common procedure performed by Otolaryngologists. Many types of autologous grafts have been used with variations of techniques with varying results. This is the first systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis with the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of one of the techniques which is gaining popularity, the palisade cartilage tympanoplasty. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for “palisade”, “cartilage”, “tympanoplasty”, “perforation” and their synonyms.

Main body of abstract

In total, 199 articles reporting results of palisade cartilage tympanoplasty were identified. Five articles satisfied the following inclusion criteria: adult patients, minimum 6 months follow-up, hearing and surgical outcomes reported. Studies with patients undergoing combined mastoidectomy, ossicular chain reconstruction, and/or other middle ear surgery were excluded. Perforation closure, rate of complications, and post-operative pure-tone average change were extracted for pooled analysis. Study failure and complication proportions that were used to generate odds ratios were pooled. Fixed effects and random effects weightings were generated. The resulting pooled odds ratios are reported. Palisade cartilage tympanoplasty has an overall take rate of 96% at beyond 6 months and has similar odds of complications compared to temporalis fascia (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.62, 1.30). The air-bone gap closure is statistically similar to reported results from temporalis fascia tympanoplasty.

Conclusions

Cartilage palisade tympanoplasty offers excellent graft take rates and good postoperative hearing outcomes for perforations of various sizes and for both primary and revision cases. This technique has predictable, long-term results with low complication rates, similar to temporalis fascia tympanoplasty.
Perpetual change: autophagy, the endothelium, and response to vascular injury
Authors: Sachdev Ulka , Lotze Michael T
Published: June 2017

Current studies of vascular health, aging, and autophagy emphasize how the endothelium adapts to stress and contributes to disease. The endothelium is far from an inert barrier to blood-borne cells, pathogens, and chemical signals; rather, it actively translates circulating mediators into tissue responses, changing rapidly in response to physiologic stressors. Macroautophagy—the cellular ingestion of effete organelles and protein aggregates to provide anabolic substrates to fuel bioenergetics in times of stress—plays an important role in endothelial cell homeostasis, vascular remodeling, and disease. These roles include regulating vascular tone, sustaining or limiting cell survival, and contributing to the development of atherosclerosis secondary to infection, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Autophagy modulates these critical functions of the endothelium in a dynamic and perpetual response to tissue and intravascular cues.
(CCUG)n RNA toxicity in a Drosophila model for myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) activates apoptosis
Authors: Yenigun Vildan Betul , Sirito Mario , Amcheslavky Alla , Czernuszewicz Tomek , Colonques-Bellmunt Jordi , García-Alcover Irma , Wojciechowska Marzena , Bolduc Clare , Chen Zhihong , López Castel Arturo , Krahe Ralf , Bergmann Andreas
Published: June 2017

The myotonic dystrophies are prototypic toxic RNA gain-of-function diseases. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are caused by different unstable, noncoding microsatellite repeat expansions -- (CTG)DM1 in DMPK and (CCTG)DM2 in CNBP. Although transcription of mutant repeats into (CUG)DM1 or (CCUG)DM2 appears to be necessary and sufficient to cause disease, their pathomechanisms remain incompletely understood. To study the mechanisms of (CCUG)DM2 toxicity and develop a convenient model for drug screening, we generated a transgenic DM2 model in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster with (CCUG)n repeats of variable length (n=16 and 106). Expression of noncoding (CCUG)106, but not (CCTG)16, in muscle and retinal cells led to formation of (CCUG) ribonuclear inclusions and mis-splicing of genes implicated in the DM pathology. Mis-splicing could be rescued by co-expression of human MBNL1, while CUGBP1/CELF1 complementation did not. Flies with (CCUG)106displayed strong disruption of the external eye morphology and the underlying retina. Furthermore, expression of (CCUG)106 in developing retinae caused a strong apoptotic response. Inhibition of apoptosis rescued the retinal disruption in (CCUG)106 flies. Finally, we tested two chemical compounds that have shown therapeutic potential in DM1 models. While treatment of (CCUG)106 flies with pentamidine had no effect, treatment with a PKR inhibitor blocked both formation of RNA foci and apoptosis in retinae of (CCUG)106 flies. Our data indicate that expression of expanded (CCUG)DM2 repeats is toxic, causing inappropriate cell death in affected fly eyes. Our Drosophila DM2 model may provide a convenient tool for in vivo drug screening.
High peripheral temperatures in king penguins while resting at sea: thermoregulation versus fat deposition
Authors: Lewden Agnes , Enstipp Manfred R. , Picard Baptiste , van Walsum Tessa , Handrich Yves
Published: June 2017

Marine endotherms living in cold water face an energetically challenging situation. Unless properly insulated these animals will lose heat rapidly. The field metabolic rate of king penguins at sea is about twice that on land. However, when at sea, their metabolic rate is higher during extended resting periods at the surface than during foraging, when birds descend to great depth in pursuit of their prey. This is most likely explained by differences in thermal status. During foraging peripheral vasoconstriction leads to a hypothermic shell, which is rewarmed during extended resting bouts at the surface. Maintained peripheral perfusion during rest in cold water, however, will greatly increase heat loss and, therefore, thermoregulatory costs. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the maintenance of a normothermic shell during surface rest: (1) to help the unloading of N2 accumulated during diving; and (2) to allow the storage of fat in subcutaneous tissue, following the digestion of food. We tested the latter hypothesis by maintaining king penguins within a shallow sea water tank, while we recorded tissue temperatures at four distinct sites. When released into the tank during the day, body temperature of king penguins immediately declined. However, during the night periodic rewarming of abdominal and peripheral tissues occurred, mimicking temperature patterns observed in the wild. Temperatures, particularly in the flank, also depended on body condition and were higher in ‘lean’ birds (after 10 days of fasting) than in ‘fat’ birds. While not explicitly tested, our observation that nocturnal rewarming persists in the absence of diving activity during the day, does not support the N2 unloading hypothesis. Rather, differences in temperature changes throughout the day and night, and the effect of body condition/mass supports the hypothesis that tissue perfusion during rest is required for nutritional needs.
Entraining to the polar day: circadian rhythms in arctic ground squirrels
Authors: Williams Cory T. , Barnes Brian M. , Yan Lily , Buck C. Loren
Published: June 2017

Circadian systems are principally entrained to 24h light/dark cycles, but this cue is seasonally absent in polar environments. Although some resident polar vertebrates have weak circadian clocks and are seasonally arrhythmic, the arctic ground squirrel (AGS) maintains daily rhythms of physiology and behavior throughout the summer, which includes six weeks of constant daylight. Here, we show that persistent daily rhythms in AGS are maintained through a circadian system that readily entrains to the polar day yet remains insensitive to entrainment by rapid light-dark transitions, which AGS generate naturally due to their semi-fossorial behavior. Additionally, AGS do not show ‘jet lag’, the slow realignment of circadian rhythms induced by the inertia of an intrinsically stable master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We suggest this is due to the low expression of arginine vasopressin in the SCN of AGS, since vasopressin is associated with inter-neuronal coupling and robust rhythmicity.
RNase II regulates RNase PH and is essential for cell survival during starvation and stationary phase
Authors: Sulthana Shaheen , Quesada Ernesto , Deutscher Murray P.
Published: June 2017

RNase II is the most active exoribonuclease in Escherichia coli cell extracts. Yet, its removal appears to have no deleterious effect on growing cells. Here, we show that RNase II is required for cell survival during prolonged stationary phase and upon starvation. The absence of RNase II leads to greatly increased rRNA degradation and to the accumulation of rRNA fragments, both of which lead to a decline in cell survival. The deleterious effects of RNase II removal can be completely reversed by the simultaneous absence of a second exoribonuclease, RNase PH, an enzyme known to be required to initiate ribosome degradation in starving cells. We have now found that the role of RNase II in this process is to regulate the amount of RNase PH present in starving cells, and it does so at the level of RNase PH stability. RNase PH normally decreases as much as 90% during starvation because the protein is unstable under these conditions; however, in the absence of RNase II the amount of RNase PH remains relatively unchanged. Based on these observations, we propose that in the presence of RNase II, nutrient deprivation leads to a dramatic reduction in the amount of RNase PH, thereby limiting the extent of rRNA degradation and ensuring cell survival during this stress. In the absence of RNase II, RNase PH levels remain high, leading to excessive ribosome loss and ultimately to cell death. These findings provide another example of RNase regulation in response to environmental stress.
Quantum Cryptography: Key Distribution and Beyond
Authors: Shenoy-Hejamadi Akshata , Pathak Anirban , Radhakrishna Srikanth
Published: June 2017

Uniquely among the sciences, quantum cryptography has driven both foundational research as well as practical real-life applications. We review the progress of quantum cryptography in the last decade, covering quantum key distribution and other applications.

Quanta 2017; 6: 1–47.
PERUKAH MEMBEDAKAN?” PENGALAMAN PENGASUHAN DALAM KELUARGA YANG MEMILIKI ANAK AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) DAN TIPIKAL
Authors: Kristiana Ika Febrian
Published: June 2017

Caring for typical and atypical (especially autism spectrum disorder) children is not an easy task for parents. Different approaches were required to meet these two children who have differences in the characteristic of development. This was a phenomenological qualitative study aimed to describe the experience of parents caring of two children (typical and ASD). Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews and was analyzed using data explication as one of descriptive analysis model in qualitative approach. Subjects consisted of four parents of children with typical and ASD (range from 8-12 years old). The result showed that parents provide a different approach to care for their children were typical and ASD. The decision to give a differential in parenting based on different needs and characteristics of child’s development and the exsistence of supporting system (support from extended family, ex: grandmother). The examples of the differential parenting were 1) dividing the proportion of the role between fathers and mothers, where mothers concentrated on child care for ASD while fathers are more concentrated on typically child assisted by a grandmother or aunty, 2). involving typical children as siblings for ASD children in teaching a variety of developmental tasks to minimize sibling rivalry. Another interesting finding was the family's financial determine the effort of parents in providing education as part of the discharge of duties of care.
POSTPARTUM BLUES PADA PERSALINAN DIBAWAH USIA DUA PULUH TAHUN
Authors: Pratiwi Kurniasari , Chasanah Istiani Nur , Martuti Sri
Published: June 2017

Postpartum blues or baby blues is a feeling of sadness experienced by mothers after childbirth related to the baby. Postpartum blues is like an iceberg that is difficult to detect because there are still many people who do not understand about the event. Nevertheless, postpartum blues not being handled properly is one of the factors precipitating the occurrence of postpartum depression,  can be fatal for mother and baby. Postpartum blues more common in women who marry in their early age. Indonesia has high percentage of early age marriage in the world (ranked 37) and is the second highest in ASEAN after Cambodia. Based on data, there was increasing number of woman cases delivering labor and having children in the village Panggungharjo Sewon Bantul from year 2013 to 2015. Research objectives are to determine the postpartum blues in labor under the age of 20 years. This study is a descriptive study with retrospective design. The study population consists of women who gave birth  under the age of 20 years in the village of Panggungharjo, Sewon, Bantul using total sampling (33 subjects). The result showed that 45.5% of respondents who experienced postpartum blues and 54.5% did not experience postpartum blues.
PROBLEM PERNIKAHAN DAN STRATEGI PENYELESAIANNYA: STUDI KASUS PADA PASANGAN SUAMI ISTRI DENGAN USIA PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH SEPULUH TAHUN
Authors: Saidiyah Satih , Julianto Very
Published: June 2017

This study was aimed to explore marriage problems experiencing by couple who had been married for 5-10 years in Yogyakarta and to find out the strategies to solve their problems to be recommended for the counseling section of Ministry of Religious Affair, Indonesia. This study employed qualitative method, particulary case study method. The subjects were 4 couple who had been married for 5-10 years and lived in Yogyakarta. The data was collected using in-depth interview and observation techniques. The data were analyzed using open coding and axial coding. The result of this study showed two initial problems of 5 years marriage: financial prolems and adaptation between marriage couples and extended families. The two strategies to overcome those problems were: building a healthier communication a marriage in the first 5 years, married couples should get stability income and 2) to find the way out to adapt between marriage partners and the whole families. The problems of 6-10years marriage were: the difference between couple in term of parenting style, the decreasing of positive behavior, and the change of communication between couple. The strategies to overcome them were: begin to use positive open communication, including to make agreement about parenting style used in family and repeat the previous positive habits, in which could make greater intimacy and commitments in marriage. The strategies could be used make a warmer and happier marriage.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMITMEN AFEKTIF DENGAN KOMPETENSI ORIENTASI LAYANAN PELANGGAN (CUSTOMER SERVICE ORIENTATION)
Authors: Mujiasih Endah
Published: June 2017

Affective commitment or emotional self-involvement in the organization was the willingness of employees to do their best for the organization benefit. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between affective commitment with customer service orientation. The population in this study were employees of Company "X" in Semarang. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. Data analysis using simple regression indicate that there was a positive and significant relationship between affective commitment with customer service orientation coefficient (r = 0.516; p < .001). These results prove that the hypothesis was accepted. The higher the affective commitment will be followed with the higher salesperson’s customer service orientation. Conversely, the lower the affective commitment will be followed with the lower the salesperson’s customer service orientation.
PERILAKU AGRESIF YANG DIALAMI KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM PACARAN
Authors: Khaninah Anik Nur , Widjanarko M.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study is to determine the forms of aggressive behavior that received by victims of courtship violence and the factors that causes violence in long term courtship. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach using data collection techniques by observing and interviewing. The sampling technique used in this study is snowball technique. Data analysis techniques follow this stages: analyzing all the data, categorizing data, preparing the psychological dynamics, connecting with the theoretical basis and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it shows the forms of aggressive behavior that received by victims of violence in courtship is verbal or symbolic aggression behavior, such as harsh words, words that is not worth to listen, mocking/scolding, threatening, insisting, and limiting intercommunication. In case of violation of property rights, is the property of the subjects used at one’s pleasure by their mate without permission. Physical assault is in the form of forced asking or confiscated subject as well as hitting or knocking head. While the reason for the victims to survive is feeling shy because everyone already knows their courtship relationship.Besides, the victim thinks and hopes theirmatewould be better and their relationshipwould be improved.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONSEP DIRI DENGAN KECENDERUNGAN MENJADI KORBAN BULLYING PADA REMAJA AWAL
Authors: Herdyanti Fidela , Margaretha M
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between self-concept and tendency to become bully victim in early adolescents. Bullying is an act in which a person or group try to hurt, damage, oppress or do other negative actions to someone who is weak. Bullying occurs repeatedly time to time and will continue to occur if there is someone who feels having power (called as actors) and someone who feels weak (called as victims). Those could happen due to the imbalance in their development of self-concept. This study is a survey research. The subjects were 179 students in Junior High School in Surabaya (67 males and 112 females) with age ranged from 12 to 14 years old. Data were collected using the Self-Concept Questionnaire (20 items) and Bully Victim Questionnaire (16 items). Data were analyzed using Pearson's product moment. The results of this study found a negative correlation between self-concept and the tendency to be bully victim in early adolescence (r= -.772; p< .001). Negative correlation had meaning that adolescents with positive self-concept were less vulnerable to be bully victim, while adolescents with negative self-concept would tend to be bully victim. It is recommended for further research to employ better methods, theories and measuring tools.
STRES PADA MANTAN PENGGUNA NARKOBA YANG MENJALANI REHABILITASI
Authors: Nawangsih S.K. , Sari Putri Rismala
Published: June 2017

This is a qualitative phenomenological research aimed to understand stress of a former drug users whose under rehabilitation process. This research focused on factors that influencing and implications due to stresses of former drug users. Data collection method used is the method that used in this research is semi-structured interview, observations by non-participants, checklists, and documentations. Subject in this research determined by the cooperative ability of former drug users whose undergoing rehabilitation, which is three women as participants, at former drug users social rehabilitation office “Mandiri”, Semarang. Through descriptive analysis of data research, factors that making former drug users stressed during rehabilitation process are loss of freedom, the guilty feelings, social affect such as ex-drug users label and other affect which cause worsen the conditions of a former drug users and the stressed level become higher. Furthermore, stress that experienced by the former users will affect their subjective conditions, cognitive behavior, and physiological conditions.
Shape Selectivity of Middle Superior Temporal Sulcus Body Patch Neurons
Authors: Kalfas Ioannis , Kumar Satwant , Vogels Rufin
Published: June 2017

Functional MRI studies in primates have demonstrated cortical regions that are strongly activated by visual images of bodies. The presence of such body patches in macaques allows characterization of the stimulus selectivity of their single neurons. Middle superior temporal sulcus body (MSB) patch neurons showed similar stimulus selectivity for natural, shaded, and textured images compared with their silhouettes, suggesting that shape is an important determinant of MSB responses. Here, we examined and modeled the shape selectivity of single MSB neurons. We measured the responses of single MSB neurons to a variety of shapes producing a wide range of responses. We used an adaptive stimulus sampling procedure, selecting and modifying shapes based on the responses of the neuron. Forty percent of shapes that produced the maximal response were rated by humans as animal-like, but the top shape of many MSB neurons was not judged as resembling a body. We fitted the shape selectivity of MSB neurons with a model that parameterizes shapes in terms of curvature and orientation of contour segments, with a pixel-based model, and with layers of units of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The deep convolutional layers of CNNs provided the best goodness-of-fit, with a median explained explainable variance of the neurons’ responses of 77%. The goodness-of-fit increased along the convolutional layers’ hierarchy but was lower for the fully connected layers. Together with demonstrating the successful modeling of single unit shape selectivity with deep CNNs, the data suggest that semantic or category knowledge determines only slightly the single MSB neuron’s shape selectivity.
OH MYeloid! Immune cells wreaking havoc on brain homeostasis
Authors: Bonanno Liana , Wyss‐Coray Tony
Published: June 2017

Genetic mutations responsible for neurodegenerative Nasu‐Hakola disease have been localized to the geneTREM2 and its adaptorDAP12, but it remained unclear what causes the brain to deteriorate. In this issue ofTheEMBOJournal, Kleinbergeret al(2017) provide intriguing evidence suggesting aTREM2 mutation alone can lead to striking microglial dysfunction and precipitate changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism in mice.
Suppressing mTORC1 on the lysosome
Authors: Raiborg Camilla , Schink Kay O , Stenmark Harald
Published: June 2017

The mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR, is a protein kinase that integrates environmental and nutritional inputs into regulation of cell growth and metabolism. Key outputs of mTOR signalling occur from the lysosome membrane in the form of the multi‐subunit mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), which phosphorylates multiple targets. While class I phosphoinositide kinase (PI3K‐I) is a well‐known activator of mTORC1, a recent paper (Marat et al, 2017) shows that a class II PI3K with a different substrate specificity, PI3K‐C2β, serves to inhibit mTORC1 on lysosomes under conditions of growth factor deprivation.
Gli1‐induced deubiquitinase USP48 aids glioblastoma tumorigenesis by stabilizing Gli1
Authors: Zhou Aidong , Lin Kangyu , Zhang Sicong , Ma Li , Xue Jianfei , Morris Saint‐Aaron , Aldape Kenneth D , Huang Suyun
Published: June 2017

Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway drives the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers. In this study, we screened a panel of deubiquitinases that may regulate the Hh pathway. We find that deubiquitinase USP48 activates Gli‐dependent transcription by stabilizing Gli1 protein. Mechanistically, USP48 interacts with Gli1 and cleaves its ubiquitin off directly. In glioblastoma cells, knockdown of USP48 inhibits cell proliferation and the expression of Gli1's downstream targets, which leads to repressed glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Importantly, USP48's effect on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis depends to some extent on Gli1. In addition, we find that the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway induces USP48 expression through Gli1‐mediated transcriptional activation, which forms thus a positive feedback loop to regulate Hh signaling. In human glioblastoma specimens, the expression levels of USP48 and Gli1 proteins are clinically relevant, and high expression of USP48 correlates with glioma malignancy. In summary, our study reveals that the USP48‐Gli1 regulatory axis is critical for glioma cell proliferation and glioblastoma tumorigenesis.
Effects of NRF1 on steroidogenesis and apoptosis in goat luteinized granulosa cells
Authors: Zhang Guo-Min , Deng Ming-Tian , Lei Zhi-Hai , Wan Yong-Jie , Nie Hai-Tao , Wang Zi-Yu , Fan Yi-Xuan , Wang Feng , Zhang Yan-Li
Published: June 2017

During goat follicular development, abnormal expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) in granulosa cells may drive follicular atresia with unknown regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of NRF1 on steroidogenesis and cell apoptosis by overexpressing or silencing it in goat luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). Results showed that knockdown of NRF1 expression significantly inhibited the expression of STAR and CYP19A1, which are involved in sex steroid hormones synthesis, and led to lower estrogen levels. Knockdown of NRF1 resulted in an increased percentage of apoptosis, probably due to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, accompanied by upregulating mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related markers BAX, caspase 3 and caspase 9. These data indicate that NRF1 might be related with steroidogenesis and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, NRF1 silence reduced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) transcription activity, mtDNA copy number and ATP level. Simultaneously, knockdown of NRF1 suppressed the transcription and translation levels of SOD, GPx and CAT, decreased glutathione level and increased 8-OHdG level. However, the overexpression of NRF1 in LGCs or gain of TFAM in NRF1 silenced LGCs increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, and elevated the antioxidant stress system and steroids synthesis. Taken together, aberrant expression of NRF1 could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and disturb the cellular redox balance, which lead to disturbance of steroid hormone synthesis, and trigger LGC apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. These findings will be helpful for understanding the role of NRF1 in goat ovarian follicular development and atresia.
Sociocultural Component of Teachers’ Professional Competence
Authors: Stakhiv Maria , Boiko Halyna
Published: June 2017

This article considers the theoretical and practical issues of sociocultural competence of Ukrainian students of higher educational institutions; the priorities of the sociocultural education paradigm were analyzed; in this context, the issue of training future teachers to work in terms of a personality oriented teaching approach was presented.

On the basis of the analysis conducted on psycho-pedagogical and methodological literature that covers the raised problems, a number of methodological and pedagogical ideas which provide for the formation of social and cultural mobility of future teachers were determined in order to ensure pupils’ sociocultural development
Adaptative Potential Students as Internal Resources Mastery Under Transformation of Society
Authors: Zavatska Nataliya , Mykhaylyshyn Ulyana
Published: June 2017

The article shows that the specificity of a holistic personality adjustment process in social systems is not confined only because of the peculiarities of its elements, such as the personal maturity, changes in the social conditions of the environment, and is determined by the interaction of structural components of the adaptive capacity of the individual. This maladjustment of one of these components will inevitably impact on the integrity of the individual adaptation process. It was determined that based on the analysis of the structural components of adaptation of the person (socially adapted situation, social need for adaptive, adaptive psychological need) there is the need to clarify the role of each of these components in the process of adaptation of the person. In the context of investigations under the holistic process of social adaptation of personality in social systems we mean active mutual adaptation of the individual and the social environment to each other in order to create a harmonious cooperation for the effective functioning of the individual in these social systems. Violation of this process or the implementation of its social disapproved or antisocial ways leads to the violation of the integrity of the adaptation process and it flows in unacceptable forms of society. It is emphasized that social exclusion leads to disruption of the socialization process, reflected in the increasing complexity of learning and the use of social roles, values and attitudes. In accordance with the social work we should pay attention to the replacement of anti-social norms, values and attitudes to prosocial. This process we treat as a social reinsertion - purposefully organized restructuring of the moral and valuable personality and behavioral areas that promotes the formation of social and value orientations and behavior. It was stated that the whole process of social adaptation of the person can provide awareness and reflection of environmental changes in the social systems of the environment; activity of the person in the regulation of adaptive capacity; transformation of adaptive capacity into more complex and sophisticated forms of interaction with the surrounding reality
The Substantial Characteristics of Organizational and Pedagogical Conditions of Future Primary School Teachers’ Professional Self-Development
Authors: Smoliuk Artem
Published: June 2017

The article presents reasonably organizational and pedagogical conditions of professional self-development of primary school teachers, namely: support of positive motivation of achievement as meeting internal needs of the individual in professional self-development; the use of cognitive and informative opportunities of the content psychological and pedagogical and methodical disciplines for the formation of didactic complex and technological knowledge and skills, abilities to integrate spatial and substantive, informative and motivational, psychological, social and communication components of the educational environment of teachers’ training college; creating rich social and communicative space in the course of interactive cooperation of learning subjects to create students’ “success situations” and demonstrating positive experience of the professional success. The result of these organizational and pedagogical conditions of the professional self-development of primary school teachers have reflexive-value treatment to the personality as a future teacher and professional considering his or her strengths and weaknesses, formed a high level of readiness for professional self-development in his or her chosen profession