bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solitons in magneto-optic waveguides with generalized Kudryashov’s form of self-phase modulation structure
Authors: Zayed Elsayed. M. E. , Alurrfi Khaled A. E. , Alshbear Rabeaa A. , Arnous Ahmed H. , Yildirim Yakup , Hussein Layth , Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad , Alshomrani Ali Saleh , Biswas Anjan
Published: September 2024

The current paper recovers soliton solutions in magneto-optic waveguides having generalized form of Kudryashov’s self-phase modulation structure. The retrieval of soliton solutions is achieved by the well-known and primitive $$G^{\prime }/G$$

G
′

/
G

-expansion scheme. The intermediary functions that made this retrieval possible are Jacobi’s elliptic functions and Weierstrass’ elliptic functions. The parameter constraints for the solitons to exist are also presented.
Study of the impurity dissolution kinetics, rheological characterization, and hydrodynamic aspects during the bioleaching of iron ore pulp in a bioreactor
Authors: Ramirez-Torres Luis Antonio , Nuñez-Ramirez Diola Marina , Medina-Torres Luis , Manero Octavio
Published: September 2024

This research aims to study the rheological behavior and impurities dissolution kinetics in a bioleaching process of two particle sizes and three different pulp densities, which are analyzed and compared. It was found that the small particle size with 40% (w/w) pulp density provides the maximum dissolution of impurities in the shortest bioleaching time (in 2 days). Furthermore, through a CFD simulation in a system with 40% (w/w) pulp density and 44 μm particle size, a stirring speed of 700 rpm provides the best mixing conditions in the bioreactor, enabling good distribution of recirculation zones and adequate streamline patterns with a viscosity map that minimizes regions of high and low viscosity.

Graphical abstract
Addressing the hidden labour of mentoring preservice teachers
Authors: Byth Allison
Published: September 2024

This study responds to an imperative for increased support and recognition of mentor teachers within Australian initial teacher education (ITE) programs in response to recent reviews highlighting mentor teachers’ critical role in preparing classroom-ready graduate teachers. By addressing the recurrent challenges faced by mentor teachers, such as hidden labour, this research aims to bridge the discrepancy between the crucial nature of the mentor role and the inadequate resourcing of this work. Through participatory action research (PAR), the paper reports how eight school-based coaches, as participants, instigated support mechanisms to address the recurrent challenges faced by 78 mentor teachers in one ITE–school partnership. Using qualitative methods, the research underscores the significance of dedicating time to enhance effective mentoring practices within ITE.
Performance evaluation of microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity generation: influence of potential scan-rate and real-time external load
Authors: Simeon I. Meshack , Gbabo A. , Freitag R.
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical performance of microbial fuel cells is conventionally assessed through linear sweep voltammetry at predefined potential scan rates. Nevertheless, this approach frequently falls short in representing the long-term behavior of microbial fuel cells under actual external loads, highlighting the need for a standardized evaluation method incorporating both linear sweep voltammetry and external loads. To address this gap, this study evaluates the performance of single-chamber microbial fuel cells under different loads and scan rates. The MFCs were tested with external loads of 1200, 470, and 270 Ω, derived from maximum power points of polarization sweeps at scan rates of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mV/s at two operational phases. Power estimates at these scan rates were 61.96, 87.88, and 166.68 mW/m2 at current densities of 116.5, 229.6, and 403 mA/m2, respectively. In the initial two hours, average power densities with 1200, 470, and 270 Ω were 73 ± 16.7, 36.3 ± 42, and 88.5 ± 120.1 mW/m2, respectively. Over the long term, the fuel cells under constant loading with resistance estimated at 0.1 mV/s showed average power 73.7% and 89.1% higher than those with resistances estimated at 0.5 mV/s and 1 mV/s, respectively, indicating that higher scan rates lead to overestimation of power. Although initially underestimated, the 0.1 mV/s scan rate more accurately reflected the true long-term performance of the fuel cells. This study emphasizes the importance of using appropriate scan rates for linear sweep voltammetry to obtain realistic long-term performance estimates of microbial fuel cells under real-time loads.
Ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion of organic waste: a review
Authors: Yang J. , Zhang J. , Du X. , Gao T. , Cheng Z. , Fu W. , Wang S.
Published: September 2024

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has become the technology of choice for organic waste treatment as an environmentally beneficial and sustainable waste treatment technology. However, the nitrogen content of these organic waste streams is generally high. Ammonia is produced in the biodegradation of nitrogenous organic matter. Low concentrations of ammonia favour AD, but high concentrations can lead to digestive system failure. To address the issue of ammonia inhibition and ensure the stability of the digestive system, numerous physical, chemical, and biologicalmethods aimed at controlling ammonia levels and/or strengthening the biological processes have been proposedand developed. Literature evidence suggests that differences in AD reaction conditions and microbial sources result in different tolerances of the digestive system to ammonia and nitrogen. This paper summarises and compares the inhibitory effects of ammonia nitrogen under different conditions and the existing regulatory measures to alleviate ammonia nitrogen inhibition. In addition, since the core of the digestive system is microorganisms, this paper explains the mechanism of ammonia stress especially at the microbial level, and in this way, it explores the future direction of research using biofortification. This review provides a theoretical reference for solving the problem of ammonia nitrogen inhibition.
Spatiotemporal landscape pattern changes and their effects on land surface temperature in greenbelt with semi-arid climate: A case study of the Erbil City, Iraq
Authors: Ismail Suzan , Maliki Hamid
Published: September 2024

Urban expansion of cities has caused changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in addition to transformations in the spatial characteristics of landscape structure. These alterations have generated heat islands and rise of land surface temperature (LST), which consequently have caused a variety of environmental issues and threated the sustainable development of urban areas. Greenbelts are employed as an urban planning containment policy to regulate urban expansion, safeguard natural open spaces, and serve adaptation and mitigation functions. And they are regarded as a powerful measure for enhancing urban environmental sustainability. Despite the fact that, the relation between landscape structure change and variation of LST has been examined thoroughly in many studies, but there is a limitation concerning this relation in semi-arid climate and in greenbelts as well, with the lacking of comprehensive research combing both aspects. Accordingly, this study investigated the spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern of LULC and their relationship with variation of LST within an inner greenbelt in the semi-arid Erbil City of northern Iraq. The study utilized remote sensing data to retrieve LST, classified LULC, and calculated landscape metrics for analyzing spatial changes during the study period. The results indicated that both composition and configuration of LULC had an impact on the variation of LST in the study area. The Pearson’s correlation showed the significant effect of Vegetation 1 type (VH), cultivated land (CU), and bare soil (BS) on LST, as increase of LST was related to the decrease of VH and the increases of CU and BS, while, neither Vegetation 2 type (VL) nor built-up (BU) had any effects. Additionally, the spatial distribution of LULC also exhibited significant effects on LST, as LST was strongly correlated with landscape indices for VH, CU, and BS. However, for BU, only aggregation index metric affected LST, while none of VL metrics had a relation. The study provides insights for landscape planners and policymakers to not only develop more green spaces in greenbelt but also optimize the spatial landscape patterns to reduce the influence of LST on the urban environment, and further promote sustainable development and enhance well-being in the cities with semi-arid climate.
The provision of abortion in Australia: service delivery as a bioethical concern
Authors: Emmerich Nathan
Published: September 2024

Despite significant progress in the legalization and decriminalization of abortion in Australia over the past decade or more recent research and government reports have made it clear that problems with the provision of services remain. This essay examines such issues and sets forth the view that such issues can and should be seen as (bio)ethical concerns. Whilst conscientious objection—the right to opt-out of provision on the basis of clear ethical reservations—is a legally and morally permissible stance that healthcare professionals can adopt, this does not mean those working in healthcare can simply elect not to be providers absent a clear ethical rationale. Furthermore, simple non-provision would seem to contravene the basic tenants of medical professionalism as well as the oft raised claims of the healthcare professions to put the needs of patients first. Recognizing that much of the progress that has been made over the past three decades can be attributed to the efforts of dedicated healthcare professionals who have dedicated their careers to meeting the profession’s collective responsibilities in this area of women’s health and reproductive healthcare, this paper frames the matter as a collective ethical lapse on the part of healthcare professionals, the healthcare professions and those involved in the management of healthcare institutions. Whilst also acknowledging that a range of complex factors have led to the present situation, that a variety of steps need to be taken to ensure the proper delivery of services that are comprehensive, and that there has been an absence of critical commentary and analysis of this topic by bioethicists, I conclude that there is a need to (re)assess the provision of abortion in Australia at all levels of service delivery and for the healthcare professions and healthcare professionals to take lead in doing so. That this ought to be done is clearly implied by the healthcare profession’s longstanding commitment to prioritizing the needs of patient over their own interests.
Comments on Nobuo Okishio’s review of Piero Sraffa’s Production of commodities by means of commodities (1960)
Authors: Kurz Heinz D. , Salvadori Neri
Published: September 2024

In this note we scrutinize and comment on Nobuo Okishio’s review of Piero Sraffa’s Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities. We limit ourselves only to observations by Okishio which we consider debatable. These concern in particular his treatment of wages in the price equations, his interpretation of Sraffa’s Standard commodity and his criticism of the marginalist theory of value and distribution.
Cross-pollination of knowledge for object detection in domain adaptation for industrial automation
Authors: Rehman Anwar Ur , Gallo Ignazio
Published: September 2024

Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing industries by enhancing efficiency through real-time Object Detection (OD) applications. Utilizing advanced computer vision techniques, OD systems automate processes, analyze complex visual data, and facilitate data-driven decisions, thus increasing productivity. Domain Adaptation for OD has recently gained prominence for its ability to recognize target objects without annotations. Innovative approaches that merge traditional cross-disciplinary domain modeling with cutting-edge deep learning have become essential in addressing complex AI challenges in real-time scenarios. Unlike traditional methods, this study proposes a novel, effective Cross-Pollination of Knowledge (CPK) strategy for domain adaptation inspired by botanical processes. The CPK approach involves merging target samples with source samples at the input stage. By incorporating a random and unique selection of a few target samples, the merging process enhances object detection results efficiently in domain adaptation, supporting detectors in aligning and generalizing features with the source domain. Additionally, this work presents the new Planeat digit recognition dataset, which includes 231 images. To ensure robust comparison, we employ a self-supervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) method that simultaneously trains target and source domains using unsupervised techniques. UDA method leverages target data to identify high-confidence regions, which are then cropped and augmented, adapting UDA for effective OD. The proposed CPK approach significantly outperforms existing UDA techniques, improving mean Average Precision (mAP) by 10.9% through rigorous testing on five diverse datasets across different conditions- cross-weather, cross-camera, and synthetic-to-real. Our code is publicly availablehttps://github.com/anwaar0/CPK-Object-Detection
Disaster-Funny in Postdigital Age: Memesis and the Composite Nature of Humor in Crisis
Authors: El Maarouf Farouk
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses contemporary comedy as a nuanced reflection of societal moods shaped by ongoing struggles and universal human predicaments. Introducing the concept of memesis, the study dwells into its postdigital manifestations and impact on individuals involved in meme creation and consumption. Amid societal crises, humor emerges as a coping mechanism and a mode of communication, providing solace to those affected. The analysis of ‘disaster-funny’ reveals how disasters can elicit laughter and agony, among other things. Examining memes’ role in altering perceptions of catastrophic events, the paper illustrates how memetic humor reflects societal anxieties and trivializes dire situations. Memesis is portrayed as a self-deprecating mechanism navigating the inherent anxieties in creating and consuming humorous content during crises. The paper concludes by emphasizing the transient nature of laughter, temporarily mitigating tragedy while leaving underlying anxieties intact, resulting in a complex emotional experience.
Semi-implicit-Type Order-Adaptive CAT2 Schemes for Systems of Balance Laws with Relaxed Source Term
Authors: Macca Emanuele , Boscarino Sebastiano
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present two semi-implicit-type second-order compact approximate Taylor (CAT2) numerical schemes and blend them with a local a posteriori multi-dimensional optimal order detection (MOOD) paradigm to solve hyperbolic systems of balance laws with relaxed source terms. The resulting scheme presents the high accuracy when applied to smooth solutions, essentially non-oscillatory behavior for irregular ones, and offers a nearly fail-safe property in terms of ensuring the positivity. The numerical results obtained from a variety of test cases, including smooth and non-smooth well-prepared and unprepared initial conditions, assessing the appropriate behavior of the semi-implicit-type second order CATMOOD schemes. These results have been compared in the accuracy and the efficiency with a second-order semi-implicit Runge-Kutta (RK) method.
Correlation of the solubility of isoniazid in some aqueous cosolvent mixtures using different mathematical models
Authors: Cuellar-Carmona Yasser Leonid , Cerquera Nestor Enrique , Cardenas-Torres Rossember Edén , Ortiz Claudia Patricia , Martínez Fleming , Delgado Daniel Ricardo
Published: September 2024

Solubility is one of the most important physicochemical properties, because it is related to some industrial processes such as: formulation, preformulation, purification and quantification. The experimental determination of solubility requires rigorous processes that involve a significant amount of resources. In this context, mathematical models allow estimating solubility under conditions different from the experimental ones from a limited number of data. The objective of this research was to evaluate the pertinence of 10 mathematical models (Extended Hildebrand, van’t Hoff, Two-parameter Weibull, Buchowski–Ksiazczak $$\lambda h$$

λ
h

, van’t Hoff-Yaws, Apelblat, Wilson, NRTL, Modified Wilson and van’t Hoff-Modified Wilson) in the calculation of the solubility of isoniazid in PEG 200 (1) + Water (2) cosolvent mixtures, the parameters of each model were calculated using Python, Pandas and the NumPy and SciPy library. Once each model was evaluated, two models were defined as the best alternatives based on their predictive power and mathematical simplicity. Thus, the van’t Hoff and Modified Wilson models were combined to obtain an equation that allows the calculation of solubility as a function of temperature and cosolvent composition, obtaining MRD% less than 3.0. In conclusion, mathematical models represent a good prediction tool being a potential alternative in relation to the optimization of some industrial processes related to solubility.
Extended length of stay in an Australian private psychiatric hospital: an observational study of patient, clinical, and treatment characteristics
Authors: Nadjidai Sarah E. , Jester Lucas , King Joel A. , Dowling Nathan L. , Radford Georgia , Ng Chee H.
Published: September 2024

Background

Patient extended length of stay has been scarcely studied in Australian inpatient psychiatric units (IPUs). Previous research has focused on public IPUs, however, private IPUs also care for a large proportion of people with mental illness.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify patient, clinical, and treatment characteristics associated with ELOS within a private IPU and compare these characteristics with those of public IPUs. It is hypothesised that patients with ELOS will have complex characteristics such as high unemployment status, multiple psychiatric diagnoses and physical health comorbidities.

Method

This cross-sectional study examined characteristics of ELOS in a private Australian IPU between 1st July 2018 and 30th July 2019. A retrospective patient file audit collected characteristics of ELOS patients.

Results

Of the 54 ELOS patients (M = 42.52 years [18.62]) admitted, the average LOS was 55.04 days (SD = 4.4 days). Most patients were female (77.8%), single (44.4%) and their income status was unemployed (25.9%), employed (24.1%) and pensioner (22.2%). The most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses were major depressive disorder (29.6%), eating disorder (24.1%), alcohol or substance use disorder (7.4%), and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (7.4%) respectively.

Conclusion

This study highlights patient, clinical, and treatment characteristics prevalent among private inpatients with ELOS. Future research should examine whether these are distinct from admissions that are not prolonged, with the aim to identify and reduce ELOS, and improve patient recovery, hospital flow and capacity.
Clinical implications of a physiologic approach to paediatric high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
Authors: de Jager Pauline , Markhorst Dick G. , Cheifetz Ira M. , Curley Martha A.Q. , Kneyber Martin C.J.
Published: September 2024

Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a manifestation of severe, life-threatening lung injury necessitating mechanical support. However, if inappropriately set and not tailored to the respiratory system mechanics of the individual patient, mechanical support of breathing can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is, at least theoretically, a justifiable mode to be considered to limit lung stress and strain, especially in patients severe PARDS. However, these theoretical benefits have not been translated into improved clinical outcomes. In addition, in adult ARDS HFOV is associated with harm. However, an important question is whether the results of the exisitng randomised clinical trials confirm that HFOV is not beneficial, and its use should be discouraged, or if it is a matter of how the oscillator was used that determins patient outcomes. Currently, HFOV is mainly used as a rescue mode of ventilation and titration of HFOV settings is mainly based on manufacturer’s recommendations, personal beliefs, and institutional preferences. We propose in this perspective a physiology-driven, open-lung strategy for paediatric HFOV for patients with moderate to severe lung disease to avoid injurious conventional ventilation settings, making use of lung recruitment manoeuvres, and setting high oscillatory frequencies to deliver the smallest distal pressure amplitudes. This approach has been shown feasible and safe in children, but needs evaluateion for efficacy. Future investigations should also explore HFOV weaning and monitoring during HFOV.
Review on synergizing the Metaverse and AI-driven synthetic data: enhancing virtual realms and activity recognition in computer vision
Authors: Rajendran Megani , Tan Chek Tien , Atmosukarto Indriyati , Ng Aik Beng , See Simon
Published: September 2024

The Metaverse’s emergence is redefining digital interaction, enabling seamless engagement in immersive virtual realms. This trend’s integration with AI and virtual reality (VR) is gaining momentum, albeit with challenges in acquiring extensive human action datasets. Real-world activities involve complex intricate behaviors, making accurate capture and annotation difficult. VR compounds this difficulty by requiring meticulous simulation of natural movements and interactions. As the Metaverse bridges the physical and digital realms, the demand for diverse human action data escalates, requiring innovative solutions to enrich AI and VR capabilities. This need is underscored by state-of-the-art models that excel but are hampered by limited real-world data. The overshadowing of synthetic data benefits further complicates the issue. This paper systematically examines both real-world and synthetic datasets for activity detection and recognition in computer vision. Introducing Metaverse-enabled advancements, we unveil SynDa’s novel streamlined pipeline using photorealistic rendering and AI pose estimation. By fusing real-life video datasets, large-scale synthetic datasets are generated to augment training and mitigate real data scarcity and costs. Our preliminary experiments reveal promising results in terms of mean average precision (mAP), where combining real data and synthetic video data generated using this pipeline to train models presents an improvement in mAP (32.35%), compared to the mAP of the same model when trained on real data (29.95%). This demonstrates the transformative synergy between Metaverse and AI-driven synthetic data augmentation.
Is the Run, Hide, Fight Concept Effective in Improving Hospital Response to Shooting Incidents? A Systematic Review
Authors: Rummaneethorn Natcha , Taubman Cara , Adamakos Frosso
Published: September 2024

The recent rise of active shootings calls for adequate preparation. Currently, the “Run, Hide, Fight” concept is widely accepted and adopted by many hospitals nationwide. Unfortunately, the appropriateness of this concept in hospitals is uncertain due to lack of data. To understand the “Run, Hide, Fight” concept application in hospitals, a review of currently available data is needed. A systematic review was done focusing on the “Run, Hide, Fight” concept using multiple databases from the past 12 years. The PRISMA flow diagram was used to systematically select the articles based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The measurements were subjective evaluations and survival probabilities post-concept. One agent-based modeling study suggested a high survival probability in non-medical settings. However, there is a paucity of data supporting its effectiveness and applicability in hospitals. Literature suggests a better suitable concept, the “Secure, Preserve, Fight” concept, as a response protocol to active shootings in hospitals. The effectiveness of the “Run, Hide, Fight” concept in hospitals is questionable. The “Secure, Preserve, Fight” concept was found to be designed more specifically for hospitals and closes the gaps on the flaws in the “Run, Hide, Fight” concept.
Minimal zero entropy subshifts can be unrestricted along any sparse set
Authors: PAVLOV RONNIE
Published: September 2024

We present a streamlined proof of a result essentially presented by the author in [Some counterexamples in topological dynamics. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.28(4) (2008), 1291–1322], namely that for every set
$S = \{s_1, s_2, \ldots \} \subset \mathbb {N}$
of zero Banach density and finite set A, there exists a minimal zero-entropy subshift
$(X, \sigma )$
so that for every sequence
$u \in A^{\mathbb {Z}}$
, there is
$x_u \in X$
with
$x_u(s_n) = u(n)$
for all
$n \in \mathbb {N}$
. Informally, minimal deterministic sequences can achieve completely arbitrary behavior upon restriction to a set of zero Banach density. As a corollary, this provides counterexamples to the polynomial Sarnak conjecture reported by Eisner [A polynomial version of Sarnak’s conjecture. C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris353(7) (2015), 569–572] which are significantly more general than some recently provided by Kanigowski, Lemańczyk and Radziwiłł [Prime number theorem for analytic skew products. Ann. of Math. (2)199 (2024), 591–705] and by Lian and Shi [A counter-example for polynomial version of Sarnak’s conjecture. Adv. Math.384 (2021), Paper no. 107765] and shows that no similar result can hold under only the assumptions of minimality and zero entropy.
Stability in the category of smooth mod-p representations of
Authors: Ardakov Konstantin , Schneider Peter
Published: September 2024

Let

$p \geq 5$

be a prime number, and let

$G = {\mathrm {SL}}_2(\mathbb {Q}_p)$

. Let

$\Xi = {\mathrm {Spec}}(Z)$

denote the spectrum of the centre Z of the pro-p Iwahori–Hecke algebra of G with coefficients in a field k of characteristic p. Let

$\mathcal {R} \subset \Xi \times \Xi $

denote the support of the pro-p Iwahori

${\mathrm {Ext}}$

-algebra of G, viewed as a

$(Z,Z)$

-bimodule. We show that the locally ringed space

$\Xi /\mathcal {R}$

is a projective algebraic curve over

${\mathrm {Spec}}(k)$

with two connected components and that each connected component is a chain of projective lines. For each Zariski open subset U of

$\Xi /\mathcal {R}$

, we construct a stable localising subcategory

$\mathcal {L}_U$

of the category of smooth k-linear representations of G.
ROMANS AT BESA: NEW LIGHT ON AN ATHENIAN DEME IN THE IMPERIAL PERIOD
Authors: Kouremenos Anna , Mitropoulos Giorgos
Published: September 2024

This article presents an overview of Roman citizens registered in the small Attic deme of Besa. The epigraphic record indicates that three Roman emperors—Hadrian, Commodus and Severus Alexander—were enrolled as citizens in this deme, as was the influential eastern magnate G. Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos and several men who dominated Athenian politics during the High Imperial period. We argue that Hadrian's enrolment and repeated sojourns in Athens encouraged various individuals—including two of his successors—to join this deme, but why did the emperor himself choose Besa and not a larger, more important deme in the city's civic centre? Consequently, where did he live while serving as eponymous archon of Athens in 111/112 and later during his visits to the city as emperor? By synthesizing epigraphic, literary, archaeological and environmental sources, this paper offers the first comprehensive examination of Besa and its Roman citizens, highlighting the deme's significance within imperial Athens and the broader Roman empire. Finally, it suggests avenues for further interdisciplinary research in the study of this region of south Attica.
Sumptuary Laws, Gender, and Public Dressing in Early Modern Genoa
Authors: Howie Ana
Published: September 2024

This article explores sumptuary legislation and its enforcement in early modern Genoa. Whereas the sumptuary laws from other early modern Italian city-states partitioned society by social rank, profession, or citizenship, the laws in effect in late sixteenth-century Genoa divided the population only into men and women. Genoa therefore represents a key site for exploring gender difference through dress and adornment. Adopting a gendered, sociological, and material culture framework, this article demonstrates how sumptuary laws informed understandings of gender and gendered practices of dressing. It takes as its point of departure a ledger of sumptuary denouncements for the year 1594, and examines how Genoa’s citizens adhered to, or transgressed the gendered expectations set out by the city’s legislative structures. It argues that while prescriptions for idealized masculine and feminine comportment coloured the content and wording of the law, in daily life a spectrum of gendered identities could be enacted through clothing. This article thus advances discourse on the impact of sumptuary laws on understandings of gender in early modern Italy, and the ways in which masculine and feminine identifications were negotiated through and in dialogue with clothing.
Lost and found: the rediscovery of the lost fern species Asplenium achalense (Aspleniaceae) and assessment of its conservation status
Authors: Arana Marcelo , Natale Evangelina , Oggero Antonia
Published: September 2024

The fern of Achala Asplenium achalense Hieron. (Aspleniaceae), endemic to north-west and central Argentina, was formerly considered a lost species. We describe its rediscovery in August 2022 in the Yungas biogeographical province, compile a map of all historical and current records of the species, and propose an IUCN Red List status. We estimated the fern of Achala's range using the area of occupancy of the rediscovered population, calculated as 4 km2 because it is located in a single 2 × 2 km grid square. The extent of occurrence cannot be calculated because only a single living population is known. These data suggest a provisional categorization of the fern of Achala as Critically Endangered based on criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v). The species should be considered Regionally Extinct in its locus classicus in Comechingones biogeographical province. We recommend securing the conservation of the single known population (which does not lie within a conservation unit), further surveys for the species in the five protected areas where it was recorded historically, and restoration of the species in the wild. To support the latter, we are cultivating spores and gametophytes of the fern of Achala, in collaboration with colleagues from the National University of La Plata.
Evidence for a floristically diverse rainforest on the Falkland archipelago in the remote South Atlantic during the mid- to late Cenozoic
Authors: Thomas Zoë A. , Macphail Michael , Cadd Haidee , Cantrill David J. , Hutchinson David K. , Haines Heather A. , Privat Karen , Turney Chris , Carter Stefanie , Brickle Paul
Published: September 2024

We report the discovery of an ancient forest bed near Stanley, on the Falkland Islands, the second such ancient deposit identified on the South Atlantic island archipelago that is today marked by the absence of native tree species. Fossil pollen, spores and wood fragments preserved in this buried deposit at Tussac House show that the source vegetation was characterized by a floristically diverse rainforest dominated by Nothofagus-Podocarpaceae communities, similar to cool temperate Nothofagus forests/woodlands and Magellanic evergreen Nothofagus rainforests. The age limit of the deposit is inferred from the stratigraphic distribution of fossil pollen species transported by wind, birds or ocean currents from southern Patagonia, as well as similar vegetation types observed across the broader region. The deposit is suggested to be between Late Oligocene and Early Miocene, making it slightly older than the previously analysed Neogene West Point Island forest bed (200 km west of Tussac House). The combined evidence adds to our current knowledge of the role of climate change and transoceanic dispersal of plant propagules in shaping high-latitude ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere during the late Palaeogene and Neogene.
Analytic Cognition in Kant
Authors: Yuen Michael
Published: September 2024

Kant refers to analytic cognition in several prominent places. The prevailing wisdom, however, denies the possibility of analytic cognition within his theory of cognition. I shall argue that this is mistaken. I show that we can account for analytic cognition’s possibility by appealing to variants of the more familiar conditions on the cognition of objects. I also highlight analytic cognition’s connection to insight and analytic knowledge. In the process, I provide a fuller account of Kant’s view of our mental lives than has been typically acknowledged.
Herausforderndes Verhalten bei Menschen mit psychischen Störungen
Authors: Hejlskov Elvén Bo , McFarlane Sophie Louise Abild
Published: September 2024

Klienten in der psychiatrischen Versorgung zeigen mitunter Verhaltensweisen, die Teammitglieder herausfordern können, wie agitiertes, ängstliches, desorientiertes, gewalttätiges, manipulatives, selbstverletzendes und suizidandrohendes Verhalten. Auf diese Verhaltensweisen angemessen zu reagieren, zu deeskalieren und eine bedürfnisgerechte Lösung zu finden ist fachlich und menschlich schwierig. Welche Lösungen in diesen herausfordernden Situationen machbar und praktikabel sein können, zeigen der erfahrene Psychologe Bo Hejlskov Eléven und die psychiatrie-erfahrene Sophie Abild McFarlane. Sie legen ein Praxishandbuch vor, das

Erklärungsansätze bietet, um herausforderndes Verhalten in der Psychiatrie zu verstehen
handlungsleitende Prinzipien anbietet, um gekonnt sich selbst, die Situation und den Klienten zu reflektieren
einen «Werkzeugkoffer» mit Verhaltens-/Handlungsanweisungen bereitstellt, um freundlich, sanft und effektiv mit herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen umgehen zu können.

Die Autoren zeigen zahlreiche Beispiele und Möglichkeiten, wie Pflegende ein positives Milieu und eine angenehme und sichere Umgebung für Menschen mit psychischen Problemen schaffen können. Sie zeigen, wie Pflegende beruhigend auf Menschen mit psychischen Problemen einwirken können und so zu einer positiv veränderten Arbeits- und Behandlungsatmosphäre beitragen können.

Die 2. Auflage wurde überarbeitet und ergänzt um

an Bedürfnissen und Stresstoleranz orientierten Erklärungsmodellen zu herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen (NDB, PLST) und ihre Bedeutung bei psychischen Erkrankungen
den Umgang mit herausforderndem Verhalten im recovery-orientierten Gezeitenmodell
eine gelassene Begegnung von herausforderndem Verhalten mit Humor und Heiterkeit
ein Gespräch über herausforderndes Verhalten zwischen einer psychiatrieerfahrenen und einer Pflegefachperson.
Manuelle Therapie, Manuelle Medizin, Osteopathie
Authors: Winkelmann Claudia , Beyer Lothar , Günther Petra
Published: September 2024

CanMEDS in der Gesundheitsversorgung

Fachliche Expertise, klinische Kompetenz und Outcome-Orientierung sind die Zielvorgaben für die Expert*innen der Gesundheitsberufe, um eine qualitativ hohe Gesundheitsversorgung im interdisziplinären Team sicher zu stellen. Dies gelingt ihnen in ihren Rollen als Medical Expert, Health Advocate, Professional, Collaborator, Communicator, Scholar, Manager (CanMEDS-Rollenkonzept). In der klinischen Praxis ist es immer ein Mix an Kompetenzen, der zur Problemlösung führt. Nach einer Einführung zu CanMEDS orientieren sich die Bände der Reihe an den Tätigkeiten der Berufsgruppen, strukturell sind sie mit Grafiken und Fallbeispielen übersichtlich gestaltet.

Manuelle Therapie, Manuelle Medizin und Osteopathie beeinflusst gezielt das propriozeptive System und die Sensomotorik und optimiert damit die sensomotorische Regulation. Propriozeptive Reize wirken zudem direkt schmerzhemmend auf das Zentralnervensystem. Manuelle Techniken werden primär an Gelenken, myofaszialen Strukturen und Viszera appliziert. Häufig werden die Reize mit gezielter segmentaler Zuordnung gesetzt.
Antecedent Hydrologic Conditions Reflected in Stream Lithium Isotope Ratios During Storms
Authors: Golla Jon K. , Bouchez Julien , Druhan Jennifer L.
Published: September 2024

Antecedent hydrological conditions are recorded through the evolution of dissolved lithium isotope signatures (Li) by juxtaposing two storm events in an upland watershed subject to a Mediterranean climate. Discharge and Li are negatively correlated in both events, but mean Li ratios and associated ranges of variation are distinct between them. We apply a previously developed reactive transport model (RTM) for the site to these event‐scale flow perturbations, but observed shifts in stream Li are not reproduced. To reconcile the stability of the subsurface solute weathering profile with our observations of dynamic stream Li signatures, we couple the RTM to a distribution of fluid transit times that evolve based on storm hydrographs. The approach guides appropriate flux‐weighting of fluid from the RTM over a range of flow path lengths, or equivalently fluid residence times. This flux‐weighted RTM approach accurately reproduces dynamic storm Li‐discharge patterns distinguished by the antecedent conditions of the watershed.
Anti-PD-L1 antibody ASC22 in combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide as a “shock and kill” strategy for ART-free virological control: a phase II single-arm study
Authors: Wu Luling , Zheng Zhihang , Xun Jingna , Liu Li , Wang Jiangrong , Zhang Xinyu , Shao Yueming , Shen Yinzhong , Zhang Renfang , Zhang Min , Sun Meiyan , Qi Tangkai , Wang Zhenyan , Xu Shuibao , Song Wei , Tang Yang , Zhao Bihe , Song Zichen , Routy Jean-Pierre , Lu Hongzhou , Chen Jun
Published: September 2024

The combination of ASC22, an anti-PD-L1 antibody potentially enhancing HIV-specific immunity and chidamide, a HIV latency reversal agent, may serve as a strategy for antiretroviral therapy-free virological control for HIV. People living with HIV, having achieved virological suppression, were enrolled to receive ASC22 and chidamide treatment in addition to their antiretroviral therapy. Participants were monitored over 24 weeks to measure changes in viral dynamics and the function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells (NCT05129189). 15 participants completed the study. At week 8, CA HIV RNA levels showed a significant increase from baseline, and the values returned to baseline after discontinuing ASC22 and chidamide. The total HIV DNA was only transiently increased at week 4 (P = 0.014). In contrast, integrated HIV DNA did not significantly differ from baseline. Increases in the proportions of effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (TEM) were observed from baseline to week 24 (P = 0.034 and P = 0.002, respectively). The combination treatment did not succeed in enhancing the function of HIV Gag/Pol- specific CD8+ T cells. Nevertheless, at week 8, a negative correlation was identified between the proportions of HIV Gag-specific TEM cells and alterations in integrated DNA in the T cell function improved group (P = 0.042 and P = 0.034, respectively). Nine adverse events were solicited, all of which were graded 1 and resolved spontaneously. The combined treatment of ASC22 and chidamide was demonstrated to be well-tolerated and effective in activating latent HIV reservoirs. Further investigations are warranted in the context of analytic treatment interruption.
Cardiovascular adverse effects of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: Evidence and plausible mechanisms
Authors: Chen Eileen , Xi Lei
Published: September 2024

Antiviral therapeutics have made a critical contribution in mitigating the symptoms and clinical outcomes of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), in which a single-stranded RNA viral pathogen, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes multi-organ injuries. Several antivirals were widely prescribed to treat COVID-19, either through the emergency use authorization (EUA) by the governmental regulatory agencies (i.e., remdesivir, paxlovid, molnupiravir, and the SARS-CoV-2-targeted monoclonal antibodies - tixagevimab and cilgavimab), as well as the repurposed use of the existing antiviral or antimalarial drugs (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and ivermectin). Despite their efficacy in ameliorating COVID-19 symptoms, some adverse side-effects of the antivirals were also reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our current review has aimed to gather and extrapolate the recently published information concerning cardiovascular adverse effects caused by each of the antivirals. We also provide further discussion on the potential cellular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular adverse effects of the selected antiviral drugs, which should be carefully considered when evaluating risk factors in managing patients with COVID-19 or similar infectious diseases. It is foreseeable that future antiviral drug development assisted with the newest artificial intelligence platform may improve the accuracy to predict the structures of biomolecules of antivirals and therefore to mitigate their associated cardiovascular adversities.
Cilia defects upon loss of WDR4 are linked to proteasomal hyperactivity and ubiquitin shortage
Authors: Burkhalter Martin D. , Stiff Tom , Maerz Lars D. , Casar Tena Teresa , Wiese Heike , Gerhards Julian , Sailer Steffen A. , Vu Linh Anna Trúc , Duong Phu Max , Donow Cornelia , Alupei Marius , Iben Sebastian , Groth Marco , Wiese Sebastian , Church Joseph A. , Jeggo Penelope A. , Philipp Melanie
Published: September 2024

The WD repeat-containing protein 4 (WDR4) has repeatedly been associated with primary microcephaly, a condition of impaired brain and skull growth. Often, faulty centrosomes cause microcephaly, yet aberrant cilia may also be involved. Here, we show using a combination of approaches in human fibroblasts, zebrafish embryos and patient-derived cells that WDR4 facilitates cilium formation. Molecularly, we associated WDR4 loss-of-function with increased protein synthesis and concomitant upregulation of proteasomal activity, while ubiquitin precursor pools are reduced. Inhibition of proteasomal activity as well as supplementation with free ubiquitin restored normal ciliogenesis. Proteasome inhibition ameliorated microcephaly phenotypes. Thus, we propose that WDR4 loss-of-function impairs head growth and neurogenesis via aberrant cilia formation, initially caused by disturbed protein and ubiquitin homeostasis.
FoxO transcription factors actuate the formative pluripotency specific gene expression programme
Authors: Santini Laura , Kowald Saskia , Cerron-Alvan Luis Miguel , Huth Michelle , Fabing Anna Philina , Sestini Giovanni , Rivron Nicolas , Leeb Martin
Published: September 2024

Naïve pluripotency is sustained by a self-reinforcing gene regulatory network (GRN) comprising core and naïve pluripotency-specific transcription factors (TFs). Upon exiting naïve pluripotency, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) transition through a formative post-implantation-like pluripotent state, where they acquire competence for lineage choice. However, the mechanisms underlying disengagement from the naïve GRN and initiation of the formative GRN are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylated AKT acts as a gatekeeper that prevents nuclear localisation of FoxO TFs in naïve ESCs. PTEN-mediated reduction of AKT activity upon exit from naïve pluripotency allows nuclear entry of FoxO TFs, enforcing a cell fate transition by binding and activating formative pluripotency-specific enhancers. Indeed, FoxO TFs are necessary and sufficient for the activation of the formative pluripotency-specific GRN. Our work uncovers a pivotal role for FoxO TFs in establishing formative post-implantation pluripotency, a critical early embryonic cell fate transition.
MerlinS13 phosphorylation regulates meningioma Wnt signaling and magnetic resonance imaging features
Authors: Eaton Charlotte D. , Avalos Lauro , Liu S. John , Chen Zhenhong , Zakimi Naomi , Casey-Clyde Tim , Bisignano Paola , Lucas Calixto-Hope G. , Stevenson Erica , Choudhury Abrar , Vasudevan Harish N. , Magill Stephen T. , Young Jacob S. , Krogan Nevan J. , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E. , Swaney Danielle L. , Raleigh David R.
Published: September 2024

Meningiomas are associated with inactivation of NF2/Merlin, but approximately one-third of meningiomas with favorable clinical outcomes retain Merlin expression. Biochemical mechanisms underlying Merlin-intact meningioma growth are incompletely understood, and non-invasive biomarkers that may be used to guide treatment de-escalation or imaging surveillance are lacking. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing, proximity-labeling proteomic mass spectrometry, mechanistic and functional approaches, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across meningioma xenografts and patients to define biochemical mechanisms and an imaging biomarker that underlie Merlin-intact meningiomas. We find Merlin serine 13 (S13) dephosphorylation drives meningioma Wnt signaling and tumor growth by attenuating inhibitory interactions with β-catenin and activating the Wnt pathway. MRI analyses show Merlin-intact meningiomas with S13 phosphorylation and favorable clinical outcomes are associated with high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). These results define mechanisms underlying a potential imaging biomarker that could be used to guide treatment de-escalation or imaging surveillance for patients with Merlin-intact meningiomas.
Biomethane produced from maize grown on peat emits more CO2 than natural gas
Authors: Evans Chris D. , Rowe Rebecca L. , Freeman Benjamin W. J. , Rhymes Jennifer M. , Cumming Alex , Lloyd Isobel L. , Morton Daniel , Williamson Jennifer L. , Morrison Ross
Published: September 2024

Cultivation of maize for biomethane production has expanded rapidly, including on drained peat soils. The resulting soil CO2 emissions at the point of feedstock production are largely overlooked when assessing biogas climate mitigation potential. On the basis of field-scale flux measurements, we calculate that soil CO2 emissions from biomethane feedstock production on drained peat exceed embodied emissions for an equivalent amount of natural gas by up to a factor of three.
DNA microbeads for spatio-temporally controlled morphogen release within organoids
Authors: Afting Cassian , Walther Tobias , Drozdowski Oliver M. , Schlagheck Christina , Schwarz Ulrich S. , Wittbrodt Joachim , Göpfrich Kerstin
Published: September 2024

Organoids are transformative in vitro model systems that mimic features of the corresponding tissue in vivo. However, across tissue types and species, organoids still often fail to reach full maturity and function because biochemical cues cannot be provided from within the organoid to guide their development. Here we introduce nanoengineered DNA microbeads with tissue mimetic tunable stiffness for implementing spatio-temporally controlled morphogen gradients inside of organoids at any point in their development. Using medaka retinal organoids and early embryos, we show that DNA microbeads can be integrated into embryos and organoids by microinjection and erased in a non-invasive manner with light. Coupling a recombinant surrogate Wnt to the DNA microbeads, we demonstrate the spatio-temporally controlled morphogen release from the microinjection site, which leads to morphogen gradients resulting in the formation of retinal pigmented epithelium while maintaining neuroretinal cell types. Thus, we bioengineered retinal organoids to more closely mirror the cell type diversity of in vivo retinae. Owing to the facile, one-pot fabrication process, the DNA microbead technology can be adapted to other organoid systems for improved tissue mimicry.