bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dynamic model for predicting effluent concentrations of organic priority pollutants from an industrial wastewater treatment plant
Authors: O'Brien Gerald J. , Teather Eric W.
Published: November 2006

A dynamic model that successfully predicted effluent concentrations of several priority pollutants has been developed. The aeration and clarifier tanks were modeled, and the model was verified with data collected from a large industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The WWTP uses powdered activated carbon in combination with activated sludge in the aeration tanks (PACT process). A dynamic model was needed because the influent concentrations varied with time, and steady‐state models could not adequately predict effluent concentrations.
Chelating extraction of copper from soil using s‐carboxymethylcysteine
Authors: Hong Andrew , Chen Ting‐Chien , Okey Robert W.
Published: November 2006

Heavy metal contamination of soil frequently occurs at hazardous waste sites. The use of chelating agents to extract heavy metals from contaminated soils is seen as a treatment method. This research investigated the use of the chelator S‐carboxymethylcysteine (SCMC) to extract copper from a spiked soil. Batch equilibration experiments over 24‐hour periods tested the hypotheses that through a proper choice of chelator extraction could be made more selective toward heavy metals, and extracted metals could be readily recovered as precipitates by increasing the solution pH. The results showed that SCMC could extract and release copper reversibly and that SCMC prefers complexing with copper over competing Fe and Ca ions. Chemical equilibrium modeling was useful for selecting suitable chelating agents for the extraction and subsequent treatment conditions for metals recovery.
Empirical modeling of air‐to‐water oxygen transfer in gravity sewers
Authors: Jensen Niels Aagaard
Published: November 2006

To evaluate existing empirical models that have been used for prediction of air‐to‐water oxygen transfer in gravity sewers, field and laboratory investigations were conducted. A series of 16 oxygen‐transfer coefficients were obtained in noncleaned operating sewers using a gaseous tracer method. In addition, experiments on the effect of contaminants on air‐to‐water gas transfer, expressed through the alpha factor, were conducted in a laboratory vessel. Based on the obtained oxygen‐transfer coefficients, five empirical models, all previously used within the sphere of sewer problems, were evaluated. Furthermore, previously reported transfer coefficients for gravity pipes were included in the evaluation. The model of Parkhurst and Pomeroy was found to be the best for simulation of oxygen transfer. Estimates from the worst alternative tend to overestimate the oxygen‐transfer coefficient by approximately a factor of 25 on the average. Except for the case when foam was present, the investigations on the alpha factor showed no significant deviation from unity. Finally, the coefficients in the equation of Parkhurst and Pomeroy were evaluated by a nonlinear regression on the available observations from operating sewers. A new set of coefficients based on a statistical evaluation were obtained.
Effect of anaerobic biological activity on the adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon
Authors: Nakhla G. F. , Suidan M. T.
Published: November 2006

The impact of anaerobic biological activity on the capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC) to adsorb organic compounds has not received much attention. In this study, the capacities of GAC for o‐cresol obtained from bottle‐point isotherm experiments were compared with the capacities measured in a completely mixed, biologically active, anaerobic GAC reactor treating a high‐strength synthetic wastewater containing acetic acid, phenol, and o‐cresol. O‐cresol was not biodegraded in the reactors and was removed solely by adsorption. Because of the low concentrations of phenol measured in the effluents from the reactors, no competition for adsorption between phenol and o‐cresol was observed. Also, the role of biological activity in the regeneration of GAC was demonstrated by preloading GAC with phenol and recovering the adsorbed phenol after the establishment of an active bacterial film on the GAC surface.
A Survey of volatile organic compounds at a municipal solid waste cocomposting facility
Authors: Kim Jae Y. , Park Jae K. , Emmons Brett , Armstrong David E.
Published: November 2006

A 5‐day survey was conducted at a municipal solid waste (MSW) cocomposter facility. The amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the MSW was indirectly estimated by measuring the concentrations of VOCs in gas, liquid, and solid phases and making necessary assumptions because of practical limitations in the direct measurement of VOCs in the MSW. Of the nine target VOCs tested, chloroform, toluene, methylene chloride, ethylbenzene, and trichloroethylene (TCE) were detected in descending order of concentration. Ethylbenzene, toluene, and TCE were detected once in the leachate at 24, 11, and 7 μg/L, respectively. Ethylbenzene and toluene were detected in the rejected and screened compost at 5 to 25 μg/kg on two sampling days. The dominant mechanisms of the VOC removal appeared to be volatilization and biodegradation. The average total input of the nine VOCs was estimated to be 385 g/d or 34 g/wet ton of MSW. The average VOC emission to the atmosphere was approximately 111 g/d.
Initial studies on the temperature‐phased anaerobic biofilter process
Authors: Kaiser Sandra K. , Dague Richard R. , Harris William L.
Published: November 2006

The temperature‐phased anaerobic biofilter (TPAB) process is a new high‐rate anaerobic treatment system that includes a thermophilic biofilter connected in series to a mesophilic biofilter providing for two‐temperature, two‐phase treatment. Three TPAB systems with thermophilic:mesophilic reactor size ratios of 1:7, 1:3, and 1:1 were operated at system hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 24, 36, and 48 hours at temperatures of 56°C in the thermophilic phase and 35°C in the mesophilic phase. The three TPAB systems achieved soluble and total chemical oxygen demand (COD) reductions in excess of 97% and 90%, respectively, for a synthetic milk substrate over a range of system COD loadings from 2 to 16 g COD/L/d. There was little difference in performance between the three TPAB systems based on COD reduction and methane production, making it feasible to use a smaller thermophilic first phase in the TPAB system. At the 48‐hour system HRT, the 6‐hour thermophilic phase biofilter reached saturation loading at a COD load of 48 g/L/d. After further increases in organic loading, the methane production decreased in the thermophilic first phase and increased in the corresponding mesophilic second phase while levels of n‐valeric and butyric acids increased significantly. It is proposed that a microbial population shift occurred in the thermophilic first phase at high organic loadings at low HRTs. Although a decrease in methane production from the thermophilic phase was observed, the performance of the overall two‐stage TPAB system did not decline. The TPAB systems were observed to outperform single‐stage anaerobic filters operated at equivalent HRTs and organic loadings.
Factors affecting the nonionic surfactant‐enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene
Authors: Jahan Kauser , Ahmed Tariq , Maier Walter J.
Published: November 2006

This research addresses the influence of nonionic surfactants on the biodegradation of poorly soluble organic compounds in soil and water. Batch‐ and continuous‐flow column biodegradation studies of phenanthrene were carried out in the presence of four commercial nonionic surfactants at sub‐critical micelle concentration (CMC). Surfactants were tested to determine their effectiveness in solubilizing phenanthrene, their sorption‐desorption characteristics to soil, their biodegradability, and their effect on the adsorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene. Solubility enhancement of phenanthrene by the surfactants was mainly a micellar phenomena. Sorption of phenanthrene and the surfactants could be represented by a linear isotherm model. Sorption of phenanthrene to soil was enhanced significantly in the presence of the surfactants. A mixed enriched microbial culture acclimated to phenanthrene as the sole organic carbon source was used as the inocula. Biodegradation experiments indicated that low surfactant concentrations promoted mineralization of phenanthrene without inhibitory or toxic effects. The study indicates that surfactant selection for in situ bioremediation purposes will depend on a number of factors, with main emphasis on its hydrocarbon solubilizing power, sorptive properties, low toxicity to bacteria, and fate in the environment.
Template Growth of Nanocrystalline PbS, CdS, and ZnS on a Polydiacetylene Langmuir Film: An In Situ Grazing Incidence X‐ray Diffraction Study
Authors: Lifshitz Y. , Konovalov O. , Belman N. , Berman A. , Golan Y.
Published: November 2006

Chemical deposition of nanocrystalline PbS, CdS, and ZnS at the air/solution interface in the absence and presence of a polydiacetylene (PDA) Langmuir film is investigated in situ using grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction. In all cases, it is found that PDA has a pronounced effect on the incipient semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). In the presence of PDA, PbS NCs showed a <111> orientation in addition to the commonly obtained <100> growth direction of the PbS rock salt structure while CdS and ZnS NCs crystallized in the zinc blende polymorph with a predominant <100> orientation. ZnS NCs were obtained only in the presence of PDA at the air/solution interface.
Zur Frage der Nachnutzbarkeit verbundlos vorgespannter Stahlbetondecken nach Brandeinwirkung
Authors: Gerritzen Dominique , Falkner Horst
Published: November 2006

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Einfluß verschiedener Brandeinwirkungen im Hinblick auf die Weiter‐ bzw. Nachnutzungsmöglichkeiten verbundlos vorgespannter als auch normal bewehrter Stahlbetondecken nach einem Brand aufgezeigt. Es werden die wichtigsten Zusammenhänge zwischen Brandeinwirkung, Verhalten des Bauteils während des Brandes und der anschließenden Weiternutzungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt. Es wird eine Konstruktionsweise im Sinne einer guten Nachnutzbarkeit nach Brand aufgezeigt. Ratschläge und Tipps für die Praxis können entnommen werden.

In dem in dieser Fachzeitschrift im August 2004 veröffentlichten Beitrag “Verbundlos vorgespannte Decken – Nachnutzung nach Brand” wurde bereits über das Materialverhalten von Beton, Betonstahl und Spannstahl in bezug auf die Nachnutzbarkeit nach einer Brandeinwirkung sowie über durchgeführte Bauteilversuche an ein‐ und zweifeldrigen Plattenstreifen berichtet. Der hier vorliegende Beitrag ist als Aktualisierung und Fortsetzung zu verstehen.
Verbesserte Dauerhaftigkeit: Kontrolle der frühen Rißbildung
Authors: Braasch Timm , Buschmeyer Wilhelm
Published: November 2006

Zu einer Verbesserung der Dauerhaftigkeit von hochbeanspruchten Betonbauwerken im Freien sollten unerwünschte Frührißbildungen möglichst vermieden werden. Hierzu ist eine wirklichkeitsnahe Beurteilung des jungen Betons zur Definition geeigneter Betonzusammensetzungen besonders wichtig. Im Beitrag werden dementsprechende Untersuchungen präsentiert und anhand eines Anwendungsbeispiels verdeutlicht. Auf die besondere Rolle von Experimenten in einer Temperatur‐Spannungs‐Prüfmaschine wird eingegangen.
Die Methode der effektiven Spannungen zur einfachen Berechnung der Kriechverformung von Stahlbetonträgern
Authors: Pfister Tobias , Bockhold Jörg
Published: November 2006

Es wird ein Verfahren zur einfachen Bestimmung der Durchbiegung von Stahlbetonbalken unter Berücksichtigung von Kriechen aufgegriffen und erweitert. Die Ermittlung der Durchbiegung auf Basis der Ergebnisse von Computerberechnungen unter Annahme eines linear‐elastischen Materialverhaltens wird vorgestellt. Zur systematischen Auswertung der Verformungen von Stahlbetonbalken werden maßgebliche Größen identifiziert und erste Auswertungen vorgestellt.
Betonbau in Ungarn
Authors: Balázs György L.
Published: November 2006

Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über die Entwicklung des Betons in Ungarn zu geben. Es werden Daten über die Produktion von Zement, Zuschlagstoffen, Beton sowie über die dazugehörende Studien an der TU Budapest und die Normung aufgezeigt. Weiterhin werden heutige Beispiele von Hoch‐ und Tiefbauten sowie die Situation der Erhaltung, Qualitätssicherung, Forschung und Entwicklung betrachtet. Abschließend wird ein Überblick über die Fachorganisationen im Betonbereich gegeben.
Zur internationalen Verbreitung des Systems Melan seit 1892: Konstruktion und Brückenbau
Authors: Eggemann Holger , Kurrer Karl‐Eugen
Published: November 2006

Das System Melan wurde im Jahre 1892 als Deckenkonstruktion patentiert, erste Versuche wurden 1893 vom “Ersten Österreichischen Gewölbeausschuß” durchgeführt. Besonderes Kennzeichen des Systems ist die Verbindung von stählernen Bogenrippen mit Betongewölben, also eine sogenannte steife Bewehrung. Heute wird das System Melan weltweit im Brückenbau eingesetzt. In diesem Aufsatz wird die internationale Verbreitung des Systems Melan von 1892 bis heute technikgeschichtlich dargestellt. Hauptverbreitungsgebiete waren zu Beginn Österreich, das Gebiet der heutigen Tschechischen Republik, die Schweiz, Italien und Deutschland; ferner Spanien, die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und auch Japan. Im Mittelpunkt des Interesses steht die gegenseitige positive Beeinflussung der regionalen Entwicklungen. Es lassen sich innovative Wechselwirkungen über große Distanzen bereits zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt dokumentieren.
Biopharmaceuticals in China
Authors: Hu Xianwen , Ma Qingjun , Zhang Shuyong
Published: November 2006

The biopharmaceutical industry, whose products are produced mainly by recombinant DNA technology, antibody technologies and cytotechnology, is the most important sector in industrial biotechnology, and is one of the most rapidly growing high‐tech industries. The global market for biopharmaceuticals had been growing at annual growth rates of 15‐33% over the last 8 years, and sales exceeded $55 billion in 2005. This review presents an overview of the Chinese biopharmaceutical industry, listing the global top‐selling biopharmaceuticals in 2005, and briefly describes the major biotech drugs approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration, such as recombinant cytokines, therapeutic antibodies, recombinant vaccines, and gene therapy products.
L‐Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei fermentation with corn steep liquor‐supplemented acid‐hydrolysate of soybean meal
Authors: Li Zheng , Ding Shaofeng , Li Zhaopeng , Tan Tianwei
Published: November 2006

Batch and fed‐batch fermentation studies were performed to evaluate the potential of corn steep liquor (CSL)‐supplemented acid‐hydrolysate of soybean meal (AHSM) as an alternative to yeast extract (YE) for the production of L‐lactic acid by Lactobacillus casei LA‐04‐1. The CSL‐supplemented AHSM gave an outstanding result in supporting L‐lactic acid production from glucose. In the exponential fed‐batch fermentation, the concentration, yield and productivity of L‐lactic acid were 162.5 g/L, 89.7% and 1.69 g/L per h, respectively, which were lower than those with 20 g/L YE (180 g/L, 90.3%, 2.14 g/L per h) after 96 h of fermentation. However, the raw material cost of the nitrogen resource was estimated as only 25% of that using the YE.
Tryptophan rich peptides: Influence of indole rings on backbone conformation
Authors: Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan , Sengupta Anindita , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Shamala Narayanaswamy , Balaram Padmanabhan
Published: November 2006

Synthetic peptides with defined secondary structure scaffolds, namely hairpins and helices, containing tryptophan residues, have been investigated in this study to probe the influence of a large number of aromatic amino acids on backbone conformations. Solution NMR investigations of Boc‐W‐L‐W‐DP‐G‐W‐L‐W‐OMe (peptide 1), designed to form a well‐folded hairpin, clearly indicates the influence of flanking aromatic residues at the DPro–Gly region on both turn nucleation and strand propagation. Indole–pyrrolidine interactions in this peptide lead to the formation of the less‐frequent type I′ turn at the DPro–Gly segment and frayed strand regions, with the strand residues adopting local helical conformations. An analog of peptide 1 with an Aib–Gly turn‐nucleated hairpin (Boc‐W‐L‐W‐U‐G‐W‐L‐W‐OMe (peptide 2)) shows a preference for helical structures in solution, in both chloroform and methanol. Peptides with either one (Boc‐W‐L‐W‐U‐W‐L‐W‐OMe (peptide 3)) or two (Boc‐U‐W‐L‐W‐U‐W‐L‐W‐OMe (peptide 4)) helix‐nucleating Aib residues give rise to the well‐folded helical conformations in the chloroform solution. The results are indicative of a preference for helical folding in peptides containing a large number of Trp residues. Investigation of a tetrapeptide analog of peptide 2, Boc‐W‐U‐G‐W‐OMe (peptide 5), in solution and in the crystal state (by X‐ray diffraction), also indicates a preference for a helical fold. Additionally, peptide 5 is stabilized in crystals by both aromatic interactions and an array of weak interactions. Examination of Trp‐rich sequences in protein structures, however, reveals no secondary structure preference, suggesting that other stabilizing interactions in a well‐folded protein may offset the influence of indole rings on backbone conformations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88:36–54, 2007.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com.
Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of NgMO (Ng: Ar, Kr, Xe; M: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Complexes.
Authors: Zhao Yanying , Gong Yu , Zhou Mingfei
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Conductivity of Li2B4O7
Authors: Islam Mazharul M. , Bredow Thomas , Minot Christian
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the RCu3Te3 (R: Er and Tm) Compounds.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Kaczorowski D.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[PPh4]3 [W(CN)7(O2)]×4H2O as the Representative of the [M(L)7(LL)] Class for Nine‐Coordinate Complexes.
Authors: Matoga Dariusz , Szklarzewicz Janusz , Mikuriya Masahiro
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of a Novel Polyoxometalate [Ni(bpy)3]2[W4V2O19] with Lindqvist‐Type Structure.
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhou Baibin , Zhong Chongmin , Ji Mingyan
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Growth of CuInS2 Single Crystals from Sb2S3 and Bi2S3 Solutions.
Authors: Zhbankov O. Ye. , Olekseyuk I. D. , Yurchenko O. M. , Pankevich V. Z.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation of Aspirin by a New Oxidant Diperiodatoargentate(III) in Aqueous Alkaline Medium
Authors: Kiran T. S. , Nandibewoor S. T.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to α′‐Hydroxy Enones as Surrogates of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Aldehydes.
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Pazos Raquel , Oiarbide Mikel , Garcia Jesus M.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thiazolium‐Catalyzed Additions of Acylsilanes: A General Strategy for Acyl Anion Addition Reactions.
Authors: Mattson Anita E. , Bharadwaj Ashwin R. , Zuhl Andrea M. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Aminophenols with Formaldehyde and Hydrogen Sulfide.
Authors: Akhmetova V. R. , Nadyrgulova G. R. , Khafizova S. R. , Tyumkina T. V. , Yakovenko A. A. , Antipin M. Yu. , Khalilov L. M. , Kunakova R. V. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Allylic Disulfide Rearrangement and Desulfuration: Mild, Electrophile‐Free Thioether Formation from Thiols.
Authors: Crich David , Brebion Franck , Krishnamurthy Venkataramanan
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phosphazene Base‐Catalyzed Condensation of Trimethylsilylacetate with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Kobayashi Koji , Ueno Masahiro , Kondo Yoshinori
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Amines.
Authors: Orito Kazuhiko , Miyazawa Mamoru , Nakamura Takatoshi , Horibata Akiyoshi , Ushito Harumi , Nagasaki Hideo , Yuguchi Motoki , Yamashita Satoshi , Yamazaki Tetsuro , Tokuda Masao
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Mitsunobu Reactions.
Authors: But Tracy Yuen Sze , Toy Patrick H.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent‐Free and Selective Tosylation of Alcohols and Phenols with p‐Toluenesulfonyl Chloride by Heteropolyacids as Highly Efficient Catalysts.
Authors: Fazaeli Razieh , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Aliyan Hamid
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Homocoupling of Organomagnesium Compounds.
Authors: Krasovskiy Arkady , Tishkov Alexander , del Amo Vicente , Mayr Herbert , Knochel Paul
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Weinreb Amides: Formation of Aldehydes by Wittig Reactions.
Authors: Hisler Kevin , Tripoli Regis , Murphy John A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Approach to the Nazarov Reaction via Sequential Electrocyclic Ring Opening and Ring Closure.
Authors: Grant Tina N. , West F. G.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of Seven‐Membered Carbocycles by the Use of Cyclopropyl Silyl Ethers as Homoenols.
Authors: Epstein Oleg L. , Lee Sejin , Cha Jin Kun
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Halogen—Metal Exchange Reaction of 3‐Substituted 1,2‐Dibromo Arenes: The Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 5‐Bromobenzoic Acids.
Authors: Menzel Karsten , Dimichele Lisa , Mills Paul , Frantz Doug E. , Nelson Todd D. , Kress Michael H.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Esters and Its Application to the Synthesis of the Enantiomers of the Antidepressant Venlafaxine.
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Ni Aiwu
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Allenic Esters via an Ylide Route.
Authors: Li Chuan‐Ying , Sun Xiu‐Li , Jing Qing , Tang Yong
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyridyl‐Supported Pyrazolyl—N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and the Catalytic Activity of Their Palladium Complexes in Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions.
Authors: Zeng Fanlong , Yu Zhengkun
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐2‐imidoylaziridines via Aza‐Darzens‐Type Reaction of 3,3‐Dichloro‐1‐azaallylic Anions and N‐(Arylsulfonyl)imines.
Authors: Giubellina Nicola , Mangelinckx Sven , Toernroos Karl W. , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Synthesis of β‐Lactam Fused Cyclic Enediynes by Intramolecular Kinugasa Reaction.
Authors: Pal Runa , Basak Amit
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermally Induced and Silver‐Salt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Imines to (Alkoxymethylene)cyclopropanes.
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Nemoto Tetsuya , Yamamoto Yoshinori , de Meijere Armin
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CAN‐Mediated Oxidative Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Methylenecyclopropanes: A Facile Synthesis of Spirocyclopropyl Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Suja T. D. , Mohanan Kishor
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Four‐Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Gwiazda Maciej , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Monofluorinated Di‐ and Tetrahydropyrans via Prins‐Type Cyclizations.
Authors: Dobbs Adrian P. , Pivnevi Levan , Penny Mark J. , Martinovic Sasa , Iley James N. , Stephenson Peter T.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise and Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Novel Scaffolds Embedded with Privileged Benzopyran Motif.
Authors: Ko Sung Kon , Jang Hwan Jong , Kim Eunha , Park Seung Bum
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of 3‐Nitro‐2‐trihalomethyl‐2H‐chromenes with S‐ and N‐Nucleophiles. Synthesis and Stereochemistry of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted Chromanes.
Authors: Korotaev V. Yu. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Kutyashev I. B. , Kodess M. I.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cation‐Exchange Resins: Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Facile Synthesis of Dibenzoxanthene from β‐Naphthol and Aldehydes.
Authors: Patil Sachin B. , Bhat Ramakrishna P. , Samant Shriniwas D.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Substituted 4‐(3‐Cyanopyridin‐2‐ylthio)acetoacetates: New Convenient Reagents for the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Rodinovskaya Lyudmila , Shestopalov Anatoliy , Gromova Anna , Shestopalov Alexander
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of 7‐Oxo‐(7‐imino) ‐1,2,7,10‐tetrahydro‐1,10a‐cyclohexano‐2‐R1‐3‐R 2‐4‐R3‐pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles with C‐Nucleophiles and Thioglycolic Acid.
Authors: Slabko O. Yu. , Verbitskii G. A. , Kaminskii V. A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Derivatives of Condensed Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines. Part 20. Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 5,6‐Dihydro‐8H‐pyrano[4′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4(3H)‐ones and 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Mkrtchyan A. P. , Noravyan A. S.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Microwave‐Assisted α‐Trichlorination Reaction of α‐Methylated Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Verhaeghe Pierre , Rathelot Pascal , Gellis Armand , Rault Sylvain , Vanelle Patrice
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,1‐Benzoxazine Derivatives.
Authors: Ma Shuling , Li Jiarong , Sun Yongjiang , Zhou Zhiming , Zhao Xiaofan
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a Series of 2,3‐Disubstituted 4H‐1,4‐Benzothiazines and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Ethyl 7‐Chloro‐3‐methyl‐4H‐1,4‐benzothiazine‐2‐carboxylate.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Sarawgi Pritima , Hursthouse Michael B. , Bingham Ann L. , Light Mark E. , Drake John E. , Ratnani Raju
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Annulated Benzotetrazine 1,3‐Dioxides. Part 2. [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4‐f][1,2,3,4]benzotetrazine 1,3,7‐Trioxide.
Authors: Tyurin A. Yu. , Smirnov O. Yu. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Esters of p‐Nitrophenol in Synthesis of 1‐N‐Monoamide and 1,7‐Bis‐N,N′‐amide Derivatives of 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane.
Authors: Skwierawska A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Formation of a 2,3‐Oxaphosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octene 3‐Oxide in Baeyer—Villiger‐type Oxidation: A Dual Pathway for Its Fragmentation.
Authors: Jankowski Stefan , Kovacs Janos , Huben Krzysztof , Blaszczyk Michal , Glowka Marek , Keglevich Gyoergy
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates Using Lanthanoid Chloride as Catalyst.
Authors: Xu Fan , Luo Yiqin , Wu Jianting , Shen Qi , Chen Hou
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinyl Selenides by Coupling of Vinyl Bromides with Diorgano Diselenides Catalyzed by Copper(I) in [Bmim]BF4.
Authors: Chang Dezhi , Bao Weiliang
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Preparation of Diaryl Chalcogenides.
Authors: Kumar Sangit , Engman Lars
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxetane δ‐Amino Acids: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2,4‐Anhydro‐5‐N‐(t‐butoxycarbonyl)amino‐D‐lyxonic Acid (XI).
Authors: Lucas Susana Dias , Iding Hans , Alker Andre , Wessel Hans Peter
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dde as a Protecting Group for Carbohydrate Synthesis.
Authors: Bornaghi Laurent , Dekany Guyla , Drinnan Nicholas B. , Taylor Stephen , Toth Istvan , West Michael L.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of N‐Protected Galactosamine Building Blocks from D‐Tagatose via the Heyns Rearrangement.
Authors: Wrodnigg Tanja M. , Lundt Inge , Stuetz Arnold E.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Dimethyl Ester of 1‐Deoxy‐L‐idonojirimycin‐1‐methylenephosphonate: A New Approach to Iminosugar Phosphonates.
Authors: La Ferla Barbara , Bugada Piergiuliano , Nicotra Francesco
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses Based on Anabasine. Preparation and Transformations of N‐Oxides.
Authors: Musina L. A. , Shul'ts E. E. , Krichevskii L. A. , Adekenov S. M. , Shakirov M. M. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
In vitro Leishmanicidal Constituents from Millettia pendula.
Authors: Takahashi Marii , Fuchino Hiroyuki , Sekita Setsuko , Satake Motoyoshi , Kiuchi Fumiyuki
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Equation of State and Phase Diagram of Quartz
Authors: Petrovtsev A. V. , Dremov V. V. , Vildanov V. G. , Gorshkov M. M. , Zahikin V. T. , Zhugin Yu. N.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Dimensional Coloidal Gold and Silver Nanostructures
Authors: Murphy Catherine J. , Gole Anand M. , Hunyadi Simona E. , Orendorff Christopher J.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2‐Methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one as a Synthon in Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Ghosh Chandra Kanta
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3,5‐Dihalo‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones: Versatile Scaffolds in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Pawar Vijaykumar G. , De Borggraeve Wim M.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bis‐Tetrahydrofuran: A Privileged Ligand for Darunavir and a New Generation of HIV Protease Inhibitors that Combat Drug Resistance.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Sridhar Perali Ramu , Kumaragurubaran Nagaswamy , Koh Yasuhiro , Weber Irene T. , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Organization in Crystals Containing Quinoline‐2‐ Carboxylates and 9,10‐Dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐acridineacetates
Authors: Dobrzynska Danuta
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Short Introduction to Sol—Gel Chemistry in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Hajek Jan , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterogeneous Catalysis, Fine Chemistry, and Green Chemistry — New Developments for Compounds of Plant Origin for Nonfood Applications
Authors: Courtois Gilles
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Kinetics, Spectroscopy, and Computational Chemistry of Arylnitrenes
Authors: Gritsan N. P. , Platz M. S.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inferring the Chemical Mechanism from Structures of Enzymes
Authors: Naismith James H.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Glycolipids for Natural Killer T Cells
Authors: Savage Paul B. , Teyton Luc , Bendelac Albert
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Operator formalisms: An overview
Authors: Bain Alex D.
Published: November 2006

Operator formalisms are mathematical recipes for simplifying the manipulations of the density matrix. Because the density matrix is a vital tool in describing and analyzing magnetic resonance experiments, many approaches have been developed. This article gives an overview of a number of different methods: spherical tensors, fictitious spin‐1/2, single‐transition operators, product operators, superspin methods, and others. In principle, they all must give the same answer, because an exact description of magnetic resonance phenomena is usually within reach. The choice of the formalism for the user, therefore, depends on various personal decisions. Among these decisions is the choice between spherical and Cartesian tensors, between Hilbert space and Liouville space, between commutators and matrix elements, and so on. We do not go into the details of any of the formalisms but rather try to compare their approaches at a fairly general level. The quadrupolar echo pulse sequence is used as an example of the application of the formalisms. The aim of this overview is to give readers enough of a picture so that they can make an intelligent choice for themselves. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 369–383, 2006
Understanding spin turbulence in solution magnetic resonance through phase space dynamics and instability
Authors: Datta Sandip , Huang Susie Y. , Lin Yung‐Ya
Published: November 2006

The joint action of two feedback fields in solution magnetic resonance (MR), radiation damping and the distant dipolar field, are known to give rise to nonlinear evolution of the magnetization at high fields. The different stages of the resulting complex dynamics are explored here, and standard tools and terminology adopted from the theory of nonlinear dynamics are introduced to analyze the underlying dynamics. The nonlinear spin dynamics are shown to generate unexpected artifacts in routine MR experiments involving bulk solvents. Approaches to curtail the effects of the joint feedback fields are discussed, as well as applications exploiting these fields as new contrast enhancement mechanisms for MR imaging. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 410–421, 2006
On the physical interpretation of density operators at the atomic scale: A thorough analysis of some simple cases
Authors: Paniagua Juan C.
Published: November 2006

The physical meaning of the concepts underlying the density operator formalism are analyzed from different points of view. In particular, the diversity of ways of expressing the density operator of the simplest NMR sample is exploited to show that there are many molecular‐scale physical pictures compatible with each macroscopic state, some of them being more useful than others for specific aims. Those corresponding to diagonal representations of the density matrix conform closely to classical‐like pictures, which allow us to ignore the subtle effects of quantum interferences that are implicit in the concept of coherence. A widespread biconical picture that does not rely on a sound physical basis is shown to be quantitatively valid provided that ad hoc populations are chosen for the involved quantum states. The interpretation of the coefficients of the density operator expansion in terms of observable‐related basis elements is discussed to show that the identification of these with the corresponding physical properties can be misleading in certain cases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 384–409, 2006
Fast multipole boundary element analysis of two‐dimensional elastoplastic problems
Authors: Wang P. B. , Yao Z. H.
Published: November 2006

This paper presents a fast multipole boundary element method (BEM) for the analysis of two‐dimensional elastoplastic problems. An incremental iterative technique based on the initial strain approach is employed to solve the nonlinear equations, and the fast multipole method (FMM) is introduced to achieve higher run‐time and memory storage efficiency. Both of the boundary integrals and domain integrals are calculated by recursive operations on a quad‐tree structure without explicitly forming the coefficient matrix. Combining multipole expansions with local expansions, computational complexity and memory requirement of the matrix–vector multiplication are both reduced to O(N), where N is the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs). The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme are demonstrated by several numerical examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient Analysis of Proton Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) at Start‐Up and Failure
Authors: Serincan M. F. , Yesilyurt S.
Published: November 2006

A two‐dimensional, transient, single‐phase computational model, incorporating water transport in the membrane and the flow and transport of species in porous gas diffusion electrodes is developed to evaluate the transient performance of a PEMFC with interdigitated gas distributors. The co‐flow and counter‐flow of the anode and cathode reactants are discussed to address their effects on PEMFC performance and transients. The important role of water transport in the membrane on the transients is demonstrated. The membrane's water intake or outtake determines the duration of the transients. The effect of the operating conditions on steady state and transient performances is outlined. Overshoots and undershoots are observed in the average current density, due to a step change in the cell voltage and the cathode pressure under start‐up conditions. Simulation results are used to address the role of auxiliary components in the failure modes of the PEMFC.