bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysfunkcyjność państw afrykańskich a poziom bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego ich mieszkańców. Próba analizy zależności
Authors: Stańczyk-Minkiewicz Margot
Published: January 2018

The topic of humans „health security” is nowadays one of the most current in public discussions. The confirmation of its significant meaning should mostly be a fact that, the guarantor of evaluation of the world, continent, state, region or finally single person is humans health. Saying that possibilities of humans functioning is connected with his health, is a pure truism. This is conditioned with whole scale of factors, which usually cannot be controlled by human. Influence on guaranteeing this discussed health security, as much as on its lack, have factors like: economic, political, culture, demographic and ecological ones.
Gdańskie sonety sprzed półtora wieku
Authors: Linkner Tadeusz
Published: January 2018

Rev. S. Tomicki is an author of the poetic collection entitled Kwiaty więzienia (The flowers of Prison). He wrote this volume during his confinement in jails in Berlin and Wisloujscie Fortress. The Wisloujscie Sonnets are most important part of his poetry. They are dedicated to Gdansk landscape that has been seen from the Fortress in 1863-1866. Before him no one has written it poetically.
PROFESSIONAL POTENTIAL OF STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF “TOURISM AND RECREATION” AT THE MOMENT OF ENTERING THE LABOUR MARKET. SELECTED ASPECTS
Authors: Alejziak Bożena
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Development of own professional potential allows to enter the labour market efficiently and prosper in the professional sphere. The objective of this article is to present the results of studies diagnosing the competences and qualifications of students completing the Tourism and Recreation major at the level of Master’s studies. Method. The study makes use of qualitative methods such as biographical interview, analysis of professional CVs of examined students and own research tool, i.e. “Professional Self-Evaluation Sheet for Students”. Findings. Thanks to the conducted studies, professional potential of previous year M.A. students of the Tourism and Recreation major was assessed in the area of industry-specific knowledge, knowledge of foreign languages, booking programmes, completed courses and training, job seniority, possessed professional skills, etc. Research and conclusion Limitations. A pilot in nature; therefore; it encompasses a relatively small group of subjects (73 persons). Practical implications. The study presents self-creation activities of the students of Tourism and Recreation in the professional sphere and their opinions concerning utility of the curriculum offered to them. Originality. The presented article is one of very few scientific studies of this type which diagnose the professional potential of students of Tourism and Recreation at the stage of entry into the labour market. Type of work. The article presents the results of empirical research.
TOURIST ACTIVITY OF OLDER INHABITANTS OF THE WARMIAN-MAZURIAN VOIVODESHIP
Authors: Omelan Aneta , Podstawski Robert , Raczkowski Marek
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Describing tourist behavior of people over the age of 60 = living in the countryside and cities. An attempt to indicate differences in behaviour of elderly tourists according to their place of residence. Method. The research included 380 individuals (305 women and 75 men) over the age of 60. The authors used a diagnostic survey and an anonymous questionnaire. The results were drawn up with STATISTICA v.12 using a descriptive statistic module (N and %) and the statistical hypothesis test for two indices with the significance of  = 0.05. Findings. The majority of the tested senior citizens are active tourists. They travel more than when they were younger, and a considerable group claims to have started travelling when retired. Seniors have time and money which they willingly spend on tourism, even at the expense of services or products. However, the research showed that place of residence (countryside or a city) is a factor that has a substantial influence on the participation of elderly people in tourism, their reasons for travelling, manners of travel organization and realization, choice of transport and accommodation. Senior citizens living in the countryside definitely do not opt for tourism as often as the city-dwellers. Research and conclusion limitations. The difficulty in reaching elderly people, especially those living in the countryside and those who are not members of any organizations for seniors was the limitation of the research. What is more, the research was only conducted in one Polish Voivodeship. Practical implications. The collected data may be useful for organizers of tourist events directed towards seniors and social organizations working for the elderly. Originality. The available literature on the subject does not include data connected with tourist activity of the elderly living in the countryside. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.
Social control as the central concept of sociology and social pedagogy
Authors: Urbanová Martina , Dundelová Jana
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on the issue of social control, which is discussed here from different points of view within sociology and social pedagogy. Social control deals with prevention as well as with responses to deviations from desirable behavioural patterns, and in the centre of its interest are interrelationships and sometimes rather inconsistencies between the individual and society. This is connected with the question of what are actually "desirable patterns of behaviour" and who are the concrete authors of this norm, i.e. in whose interest (individuals or groups) are introduced the norms of behaviour. The authors point out the fact that the usual reference to society conceals only the decisive context, i.e. social norms have in fact very often ideological function which also influences significantly the area of social pedagogy which (like other sciences or more precisely their knowledge) can become a mere instrument of any ideology, i.e. of the ruling class or group.
Still around the issue of writing in higher education: teaching and research demands
Authors: Assis Juliana Alves , Bailly Sophie , Corrêa Manoel Luiz Gonçalves
Published: January 2018

In this text, we aim to address topics related to the project sponsored by Capes-Cofecub called “Discurso acadêmico na pesquisa e no ensino: questões em torno da apropriação da palavra de outrem” (Academic discourse in research and teaching: about appropriating other’s words) (N. 834/15), which is also featured in the organization of this edition of the journal Scripta.
The Effect of Instruction on Learners' Pragmatic Awareness: a Focus on Refusals
Authors: Alcón Soler Eva , Guzmán Pitarch Josep
Published: January 2018

The benefits of instruction on learners’ production and awareness of speech acts is well documented (see Alcón and Martínez-Flor, 2008, for a review of pragmatics in instructional contexts). However, few studies examine the influence that instruction may have on the cognitive processes involved in speech act production (Félix- Brasdefer, 2008). In order to address this research gap, and taking into account the discussion in research on the concept of attention and related terms such as awareness (see Al-Hejin, 2004, for a review of the role of attention and awareness in second language acquisition research) this paper reports on the benefits of instruction on learners’ attention and awareness during the performance of refusals. Thus, based on a pedagogical proposal for teaching refusals at the discourse level, we focus on the benefits that this pedagogical proposal can have on the information attended to during the planning and execution of refusals. Secondly, we explore whether instruction makes a difference in learners’ awareness of refusals.
The Language of Seafaring: Standardized Conventions and Discursive Features in Speech Communications
Authors: Bocanegra Valle Ana
Published: January 2018

This paper portrays how English language is constructed and displayed by shipboard crews and shore-based personnel when communicating through radiotelephony. Based on internationally-recognized recommendations for implementation when ships communicate with each other or with shore-based stations as well as on examples of current practice contained in marine communication manuals, this paper explores the message patterns, the standardized conventions, and the general and discursive practices governing speech communications at sea. Firstly, marine communications are defined and the role of Maritime English in the shipping industry for ensuring a safe and efficient passage discussed. Then, the standardized language of the sea is explained. Next, a move-step model to the analysis of the stages making up communicative exchanges at sea is applied and the main general and discursive features that prevail in such exchanges described. Finally, two examples help to illustrate the model and features presented and discussed.
“The sisters did her every imaginable injury”: Power and violence in «Cinderella»
Authors: Alcantud Díaz María
Published: January 2018

The main aim of this article is to discuss the results achieved after investigating the presence of violence in the Grimm brothers’ Cinderella with the intention of finding out what kind of processes predominate in this tale and whether they can be related to violent actions. The analysis involved firstly, a study of the frequency and concordances of some words belonging to the semantic field ‘violence’, surveying in detail the context in which they appear and secondly, the analysis of transitivity processes. The method proved to be a good strategy to check whether each character’s identity and social position (power) were somehow related to the infliction of violence within this context. As a general conclusion drawn from the analysis of the results, a tentative proposal could be formulated: a corpus-based analysis in conjunction with both, a transitivity analysis and a Critical Discourse Analysis could empirically detect the presence of controversial topics such as violence in different types of texts.
STUDY OF CARBON DIOXIDE ADSORPTION ON CHROMIUM OXIDE AND GALLIUM OXIDE CATALYSTS ON BASIS OF NON-LINEAR RELAXATION TIMES
Authors: Kol'tsov Nikolay I.
Published: January 2018

Recently the analysis of transient regimes of chemical reactions is paid much attention. This is due to the fact that the time-dependent relaxation modes prior to achieving steady states contain important information about the features of the reactions. During unsteady mode the changes in reactant concentrations and rate of the reaction in time are observed. These changes are due to their own relaxation processes, depending on the structure of the reaction mechanism. A complete study of the reaction mechanism involves the study of the relaxation characteristics both near and away from the stationary state. Linear relaxation time describes the local transient modes near the steady state and it is calculated as the time decrease deviations of reactant concentrations from steady-state values in the e-times. Non-linear relaxation time describes the overall behavior reactions and it can be evaluated through the reaction time from the initial state to a stationary. Depending on the structural features of reactions ratio to determine the non-linear relaxation time through of reactions parameters (rate constants stages and reactant concentrations) differ significantly. The establishment of such ratio for a particular reaction allows getting more information to identify the mechanism and the constituent rate constants of its stages. The mechanism of any catalytic reaction involves stages adsorption of one or more of the starting materials on the catalyst surface. As a rule these stages are initial remaining stages of chemical transformation of reactants adsorbed forms follow them. Therefore, it is necessary to have the data on these stages and rate constants of adsorption of reagents on the catalyst surface. Earlier by author the method for estimating the values of the rate constants of adsorption and desorption by linear relaxation times was described. This method was used for determine of mechanism and kinetic parameters of process of adsorption of carbon dioxide on the chromium oxide and gallium oxide catalysts. In this article the method for estimating the values of the rate constants of adsorption and desorption by non-linear relaxation times for this process is described. The previously found CO2 dissociative adsorption mechanism was proved by the obtained results. The intervals of values changes of the rate constants of adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide on the gallium oxide and chromium oxide catalysts were defined.Forcitation:Kol’tsov N.I. Study of carbon dioxide adsorption on chromium oxide and gallium oxide catalysts on basis of non-linear relaxation times. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 46-52
DIANTIPYRYLPROPYLMETHANE AS ELECTRODE-ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF MEMBRANE OF LEAD SELECTIVE ELECTRODE
Authors: Tataeva Sarizhat D. , Ramazanov Arsen Sh. , Magomedova Victoriya S. , Magomedov Kurban E. , Zeynalov Ruslan Z.
Published: January 2018

The possibility of approbation of an ion-selective electrode based on diantipyrylpropylmethane for determination of lead is considered in the work. Optimization of the membrane composition of an ion-selective electrode was carried out with the change of weight ratios of membrane components. The best results were obtained with the addition of potassium tetraphenylborate by weight of 1.35%. According to the obtained experimental steepness, a membrane of composition (wt.%) was chosen: PVC (32.62), o-PFOE (65.25), DAPPM (1.35), NaTPB (0.78). The linearity interval of the electrode with an optimized composition of the membrane was observed in the concentration range of 10-6 -10-1 M, with a response of 10 s. The slope of the Pb-SE function is 27.4 ± 0.5 mV / pC. The influence of the acidity of the medium on the Pb-SE response was studied. At the pH=3-5 a potential of the Pb-SE for the compositions remains stable with a drift not more than 2 mV. For a given electrode, the selectivity coefficients were determined by the method of bionic potentials with respect to some d-elements, as well as alkaline and alkaline-earth metals. The influence of zinc, cadmium, mercury and copper ions on the membrane response is significant, which requires the use of various masking reagents in potentiometric analysis in the presence of these ions. To increase the selectivity of the membrane to lead ions, 0.1 M NH4SCN was introduced into the solution under analysis to bind Cu (II), Zn (II), Hg (II) and Cd (II) ions to stronger ammonium complexes. The proposed electrode favorably differs by the interval of the determined concentrations (M) - 10-6 - 10-1; high selectivity, and also increases in the stability of the membrane due to high lipophilicity relative to diantipyrylmethane.Forcitation:Tataeva S.D., Ramazanov A.Sh., Magomedova V.S., Magomedov K.E., Zeynalov R.Z. Diantipyrylpropylmethane as electrode-active components of membrane of lead selective electrode. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 23-28
STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL HUMUS ACIDS OF EURO-ARCTIC REGION BY MOLECULAR ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (UV / VISIBLE)
Authors: Prilutskaya Natal'ya S. , Korel'skaya Tat'yana A. , Popova Lyudmila F.
Published: January 2018

Results of the structural and functional composition of soil humus acids in the Euro-Arctic Region are presented. The molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV / visible) was used to evaluate eco-protective role of soils in relation to heavy metals, which is especially important for the sensitive soils of the Arctic, formed under the influence of cryogenic processes. Different types of soils of the Euro-Arctic region: gleyish easy loamy pelosi on loamy moraine (Kanin Peninsula, Cape Kanin Nos); humus peat oligotrophic soil (Kolguev Island, Bugrino village); typical non-calcic loamy gley soil (Vaigach Island); gray humous iron sandy lithozem (Archipelago Franz Josef Land, Heys Island) were analyzed. An alkaline solution of sodium pyrophosphate was used to extract humus acids for investigate of the structural and functional composition. Humic, fulvic and gimatomelanic acids were extracted from a humus by conforming solvents with additional fulvic acids extraction by adsorption chromatography using activated carbon as a sorbent. UV mini-1240 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu) was used to record the UV / visible spectra using 0.005% alkaline solutions (0.1 N NaOH) of humus acids. It was demonstrated that humic and gimatomelanoic acids of humus peat oligotrophic soil have more developed peripheral aliphatic component. These acids have more ability to bind heavy metals and show their eco-protective role. The humus acids of other types of soils region have a more developed aromatic component in the Euro-Arctic. Such parameters as: calculated by the Pieravuori formula aromaticity, extinction coefficient Е0.005%1cm,465, adsorption ratio D400 /D600, characterizing the degree of humification and the adsorption ratio D465 / D650, characterizing the degree of aromatic nucleus condensation and conjugate fragments were used in the quantitative assessment of the nature of humus acids.  Quantitative analysis of UV/visible spectra confirmed that the maximum barrier mechanism with respect to heavy metals will be the humic and gimatomelanoic acids of humus-peat oligotrophic soil, due to the high content of phenolic and carboxyl groups in these molecules, oxidation and a more developed chain of conjugated bonds in them in comparison with other acids. However, it was found that in all types of soils studied the process of humus formation proceeds mainly by a degradation type, that is, in the direction of formation of fulvic acids. Forcitation:Prilutskaya N.S., Korel'skaya T.A., Popova L.F. Study of structural and functional composition of soil humus acids of euro-arctic region by molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV / visible). Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 97-103
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER DISCRETE MODELING
Authors: Chernyavskaya Anastasiya S. , Bobkov Sergey P.
Published: January 2018

The article presents the investigation results of the heat transfer process in a moving continuous medium. The lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) was used. This model is based on the principles of the cellular automata system. For the study, an orthogonal spatial lattice with diagonal constraints was adopted, by means of which the particle distribution functions were introduced from a discrete set of allowed velocities. These distribution functions were described by a discrete analogue of the Boltzmann kinetic equation. This approach made it possible to study the evolution of the distribution functions of particles in a continuous medium as a fuction of discrete-time steps. The model used made it possible to describe both mechanisms of thermal energy transfer in a moving medium – macroscopic and microscopic. In this case, the macroscopic transfer due to the motion of a continuous medium was determined by a change in the density of the particle distribution, and the microscopic (molecular) transport was determined by the relaxation heat exchange operator. This operator of the mathematical model characterized the redistribution of heat in a discrete region due to the collision of particles, that is, it takes into account the thermal conductivity of the medium. Since not only the moving continuous medium but also the boundary surfaces (walls, obstacles) participate in the heat exchange process, the elements taking into account this fact were included in the model. To test an adequacy of the approach used a software application was developed. It was used to simulate and visualize the process of heat transfer by a moving continuous medium. The application also allowed setting confining surfaces of various forms. An analysis of the computer experiment results allows us to state that the obtained data do not contradict to the real concepts of the processes of heat transfer in a moving fluid. The advantage of the proposed discrete approach is the possibility of describing hydrodynamic and thermal processes within the framework of a single model, which makes it quite convenient to use. In addition, this method makes it possible to solve heat transfer problems for objects that have a complex geometric configuration of the interfaces. Forcitation:Chernyavskaya A.S., Bobkov S.P. Convective heat transfer discrete modeling. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 86-90
Aprendizagem da docência na educação infantil: os saberes de professoras de creches
Authors: Voltarelli Monique Aparecida , Monteiro Maria Iolanda
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a respeito dos saberes que os professores detêm para trabalhar em creches. Para desenvolver este estudo, optou-se pela pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, a qual foi realizada em três Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de uma Rede Municipal de ensino do interior de São Paulo, envolvendo três professoras iniciantes que trabalhavam com crianças de zero a três anos. Realizaram-se observações de campo, registros em diário, análise documental e entrevista semiestruturada. Um ponto de vista em comum, entre as três professoras, refere-se aos saberes advindos da prática profissional e da troca de conhecimentos com professoras mais experientes, que se constituem enquanto as principais fontes de aprendizagem para a docência na educação infantil.
A formação inicial de professores na Finlândia
Authors: Demarchi Thyara Antonielle , Buzzi Rausch Rita
Published: January 2018

Nesta pesquisa buscamos compreender os princípios que norteiam a formação inicial de professores na Finlândia especialmente nas Universidades de Helsinque e Jyväskylä. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, tendo como procedimentos de geração de dados entrevistas e observações de aulas, análise de documentos institucionais das duas instituições e documentos oficiais finlandeses. Os participantes da pesquisa foram oito docentes formadores de professores para Educação Primária (quatro de cada universidade). A análise baseou-se na técnica da Análise de Conteúdo e apoiamo-nos em André (2006, 2008); Lüdke (2009); Contreras (2002) e Alarcão (1996) para discutir as cinco categorias definidas a posteriori e, que evidenciaram os principais princípios da formação de professores nas duas Universidades: Pesquisa; Autonomia; Relação teoria e prática, Reflexão e Cooperação. Como principais resultados, destacamos que: a pesquisa é a base de todo o processo de formação inicial na Finlândia; a tomada de decisões se dá de maneira autônoma, delineada em valores de responsabilidade social; a relação teoria e prática foi enfatizada nos momentos da formação de professores que acompanhamos e compreendida como um princípio essencial para o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal dos professores; a cooperação foi evidenciada nas relações entre professores formadores, estudantes, universidades e escolas de Educação Básica. Entendemos que estes princípios possam auxiliar os professores do Brasil, no sentido de perceberem diferentes perspectivas, ressignificando conhecimentos teóricos e práticos que envolvem a profissão docente. Os resultados possibilitam repensar, também, as Políticas Públicas da formação de professores no nosso País.
Dilemas e aprendizagens profissionais de professores iniciantes de educação física
Authors: Gariglio José Ângelo , Guimarães Reis Carolina
Published: January 2018

Este texto relata alguns dos resultados de nossa pesquisa que teve como objeto de estudo central a análise dos processos de iniciação à docência de licenciados em Educação Física (EF). O estudo tem como objetivos identificar quais as percepções que professores de Educação Física iniciantes têm deste ciclo de desenvolvimento profissional; analisar como professores de Educação Física iniciantes pensam e atuam profissionalmente de forma a integra-se às situações de trabalho; entender como os professores iniciantes aprendem a ensinar nos primeiros anos de exercício profissional na escola. A pesquisa lançou mão dos seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: realização de entrevistas com docentes iniciantes e análise de casos de ensino confeccionados por meio de relatos escritos. Nosso estudo aponta para o caráter situado da iniciação à docência no qual se podem verificar singularidades de experiências e percepções sobre esse ciclo de desenvolvimento profissional. Esse caráter contextual da inserção profissional mostrou-se fortemente relacionado ao campo disciplinar (EF) a qual os professores pertencem.
Profissão docente e a formação dos formadores: relações entre a universidade e a educação básica
Authors: Casagrande Ana Lara , Adam Joyce Mary
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho apresenta resultados oriundos da tese intitulada “Gestão pública da educação paulista: a carreira docente e o novo Ensino Médio”, desenvolvida no âmbito da UNESP/Rio Claro, que envolveu um estudo sobre a carreira docente e a reconfiguração da mesma no projeto Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio de Período Integral, desenvolvido no Estado de São Paulo. O objetivo deste artigo é pensar a profissão docente tanto do ponto de vista do campo universitário quanto do contexto relativo à educação básica, para isso, discute-se por meio do levantamento e de análise bibliográfica: a questão dos saberes dominados pelos professores; a formação inicial; a formação em outro(s) espaço(s) que não o das universidades, centros universitários e faculdades, problematizando a proliferação de cursos que especificamente se prestam à finalidade da formação contínua. Nesse sentido, há questões centrais a serem consideradas: o que se pode entender por saberes docentes? A formação inicial e continuada dos docentes é fundamental para sua prática? Uma formação pela prática é possível? Os resultados obtidos indicam avanços nos estudos sobre a expertise docente e problemas relacionados ao lucrativo discurso da formação continuada. Elementos que devem ser ainda mais debatidos em função das perspectivas futuras da formação e da própria carreira do magistério.
ÉTICA E COMPLEXIDADE NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Caetano Ana Paula
Published: January 2018

No presente texto apresentamos uma reflexão sobre ética em geral e sobre ética na educação, tendo implícita a mobilização de uma visão complexa. Apresentamos ainda pesquisas efetuadas no domínio do pensamento ético e da formação ética de professores, realizadas no âmbito do Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, nomeadamente os resultados de um projeto de investigação em que temos estado envolvidos no Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, intitulado “Pensamento e Formação ético-deontológicos de professores” e de investigações que lhe deram continuidade ou que, de algum modo, com ele estão relacionados. Também aqui se faz uma articulação com as perspetivas da complexidade, nomeadamente na análise das mudanças identificadas pelos e nos professores e que estes associam à formação. O capítulo termina com uma reflexão final onde se questionam e se desconstroem algumas opções teóricas e metodológicas e tecem-se algumas linhas que desenham uma modelização da formação ética de professores, entendendo no entanto que este exercício é apenas uma aproximação a possíveis formas de trabalhar com os professores e educadores, nomeadamente em contextos de formação contínua
EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR E CURRÍCULO: UMA ABORDAGEM CULTURAL.
Authors: Germinari Geyso , Pedroso Daniela
Published: January 2018

Este artigo é resultado de reflexões acerca da relação entre seleção de conteúdos de ensino e currículo compreendido como artefato social e cultural. Para o desenvolvimento de tal estudo, contou-se com um arcabouço teórico que introduz os três conceitos que fundamentam a presente análise: cultura, educação e currículo. Tais temas foram abordados à luz de autores selecionados no sentido de apontar diferentes maneiras de compreensão e apropriação dos mesmos no contexto escolar, além de subsidiar a discussão referente à tradição seletiva e à constituição dos saberes escolares. A pesquisa bibliográfica conduziu metodologicamente a análise. A contribuição deste trabalho pode ser apontada particularmente quanto à possibilidade que se concretizou de compreender teoricamente a especificidade dos conteúdos de ensino escolar selecionados pelos dispositivos curriculares e sua relação com a cultura, entidade na perspectiva social e histórica.
OS DESAFIOS DO CONCEITO DE EXPERIÊNCIA PARA PENSAR A PROFISSIONALIZAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Villas Bôas Lúcia
Published: January 2018

Presente desde há muito no campo conceitual educacional, as atuais discussões sobre os processos de formação e de profissionalização docentes têm, cada vez mais, colocado em evidência o conceito de experiência. Em que pese novas combinações de seu uso, tais como “saberes experienciais”, “saberes da experiência”, “formação experiencial”, “experiência formadora”, “experiência de vida” etc, as vias de construção da experiência, bem como a explicitação de seus significados, são ainda pouco analisadas. O objetivo desse texto é de explicitar as dificuldades em se trabalhar com esse conceito haja vista sua polissemia e diversidade de entendimento. Para isso, ele está estruturado em duas partes. A primeira, apresenta a associação entre experiência e formação de adultos como fundamentada, em larga medida, em modelos teóricos em que esse conceito teve um papel preponderante (sobretudo J. Dewey, D. Kolb e M. Knowles). A segunda, traz o recorte de uma pesquisa que, ao exemplificar a diversidade de entendimento da noção de « experiência » do ponto de vista dos professores, aponta para a necessidade de sua desnaturalização de modo a discutir a diversidade de seus usos sobretudo no campo da formação e da profissionalização docentes.
A formação do professor nos cursos de licenciatura: o que dizem os professores
Authors: Romanowski Joana Paulin , Martins Pura Lúcia Oliver , Koguti Maria Cristina , Maniesi Paulo Sérgio
Published: January 2018

O texto aborda a formação realizada nos cursos de licenciatura a partir do que dizem os professores oriundos desses cursos, considerando a relação entre universidade e escola. Toma por base pesquisa realizada com professores da educação básica e estudantes de cursos de licenciatura, a partir do problema: quais são os indicadores dos professores da educação básica sobre sua formação e que se expressam em suas práticas docentes realizadas da educação básica? O objetivo é compreender a relação da universidade com a educação básica a partir de depoimentos de professores quanto à relação entre a sua prática pedagógica e a formação efetivada nos cursos de licenciatura de modo a indicar possíveis demandas para os cursos de licenciatura. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa considera a investigação realizada por meio de entrevistas e questionários com professores e coordenadores da educação básica e estudantes desses cursos. A análise é baseada em Bardin (2010) e nos aportes teóricos do campo da formação docente, considerando como categorias básicas: os conhecimentos para a formação docente; a organização da prática pedagógica e a prática docente.
Estratégias de compreensão leitora: uma proposta de atividades desenvolvidas sob a perspectiva das metodologias ativas de ensino
Authors: Diesel Aline , Martins Silvana Neumann , Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara Hepp
Published: January 2018

Este estudo se propõe a investigar como um acervo didático, elaborado à luz das metodologias ativas e voltado para o ensino de estratégias de leitura, pode contribuir para o aprimoramento da compreensão leitora de alunos do 5º e do 8º anos de uma escola municipal. Nesse viés, a pesquisa configurou-se em uma abordagem qualiquantitativa, em que os alunos foram submetidos a um pré e um pós-teste cloze, realizados antes e após a interação com um acervo didático. O tratamento dos dados coletados seguiu a avaliação quantitativa. Como resultados, constatou-se que, após a interação com o acervo didático, o percentual de evolução do 5º ano foi de 23,4%, ao passo que a evolução do 8º ano foi de 12,05%. Esses dados são significativos em relação ao pouco tempo de interação com o material, validando a pertinência do ensino de estratégias de compreensão leitora numa perspectiva das metodologias ativas de ensino.
A survey on authentication methods for the Internet of Things
Authors: Sey Dylan
Published: January 2018

This survey focuses on authentication methods for the Internet of Things (IoT). There are many different authentication methods that are used in the IT industry but not all of these can be adapted for the IoT. Lightweight and mutual authentication methods will be covered in this paper, alongside two authentication methods that are commonly used in other areas of the industry, rather than the IoT area, which are Kerberos and Group audio-based authentication. The survey will find that Mutual authentication is vital for the IoT and, due to the constraints that are apparent within the IoT devices; the lightweight option is very useful when it comes to dealing with areas like low bandwidth. As a result, there will be gaps that could be further investigated such as the advancement of the IoT technology so that more types of authentication are feasible. A conclusion to this paper is that, by combining different methods of encryption and authentication methods, there are always possibilities to make the proposed protocols more lightweight and secure.
Inflammatorisk fordøyelsessykdom - fra partnerens synsvinkel
Authors: Øverlie Anne , Grov Ellen Karine , Ytrehus Siri
Published: January 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease leaves high physical, mental, social and existential burden on those facing the disease. Less is known about how their partners experience impact from the disease on their situation. From the perspective of the partners, this study describes the concerns highlighted by partners of persons with inflammatory bowel disease. The study has a qualitative design and in-depth interviews were performed to gather data. The sample consists of nine partners of persons with inflammatory bowel disease. Three main themes emerged: (i) uncertainty and helplessness, (ii) loss and (iii) attitudes and strategies to cope with concerns. A synthesis reveals the concept “caregiver-grief” comprising the relational and emotional concerns as well as how to deal with these concerns.  Partners of persons living with inflammatory bowel disease describe grief and concern connected to their role as caregiver and spouse/cohabitant.
Genetic analysis of the Hungarian draft horse population using partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing
Authors: Csizmár Nikolett , Mihók Sándor , Jávor András , Kusza Szilvia
Published: January 2018

Background

The Hungarian draft is a horse breed with a recent mixed ancestry created in the 1920s by crossing local mares with draught horses imported from France and Belgium. The interest in its conservation and characterization has increased over the last few years. The aim of this work is to contribute to the characterization of the endangered Hungarian heavy draft horse populations in order to obtain useful information to implement conservation strategies for these genetic stocks.

Methods

To genetically characterize the breed and to set up the basis for a conservation program, in the present study a hypervariable region of the mitochrondial DNA (D-loop) was used to assess genetic diversity in Hungarian draft horses. Two hundred and eighty five sequences obtained in our laboratory and 419 downloaded sequences available from Genbank were analyzed.

Results

One hundred and sixty-four haplotypes and thirty-six polymorphic sites were observed. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity values (Hd = 0.954 ± 0.004; π = 0.028 ± 0.0004) were identified in Hungarian population, although they were higher within than among the different populations (Hd = 0.972 ± 0.002; π = 0.03097 ± 0.002). Fourteen of the previously observed seventeen haplogroups were detected.

Discussion

Our samples showed a large intra- and interbreed variation. There was no clear clustering on the median joining network figure. The overall information collected in this work led us to consider that the genetic scenario observed for Hungarian draft breed is more likely the result of contributions from ‘ancestrally’ different genetic backgrounds. This study could contribute to the development of a breeding plan for Hungarian draft horses and help to formulate a genetic conservation plan, avoiding inbreeding while.
The association between chronic bullying victimization with weight status and body self-image: a cross-national study in 39 countries
Authors: Lian Qiguo , Su Qiru , Li Ruili , Elgar Frank J. , Liu Zhihao , Zheng Dongpeng
Published: January 2018

Background

Childhood obesity and school bullying are pervasive public health issues and known to co-occur in adolescents. However, the association between underweight or thinness and chronic bullying victimization is unclear. The current study examined whether chronic bullying victimization is associated with weight status and body self-image.

Methods

A school-based, cross-sectional study in 39 North American and European countries and regions was conducted. A total of 213,595 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years were surveyed in 2009/10. Chronic bullying victimization was identified using the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Weight status was determined using self-reported height and weight and the body mass index (BMI), and body self-image was based on perceived weight. We tested associations between underweight and bullying victimization using three-level logistic regression models.

Results

Of the 213,595 adolescents investigated, 11.28% adolescents reported chronic bullying victimization, 14.80% were classified as overweight/obese according to age- and sex-specific BMI criteria, 12.97% were underweight, and 28.36% considered themselves a little bit fat or too fat, 14.57% were too thin. Bullying victimization was less common in older adolescent boys and girls. Weight status was associated with chronic bullying victimization (adjusted ORunderweight = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05–1.16, p = 0.002; adjusted ORoverweight = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.32–1.49, p < 0.0001; adjusted ORobese = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.71–2.14, p < 0.0001). Body self-image also related to chronic bullying victimization (adjusted ORtoo thin = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.36–1.49, p < 0.0001; adjusted ORa little bit fat = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.48–1.61, p < 0.0001; adjusted ORtoo fat = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.96–3.68, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Both perceived weight and self-rated overweight are associated with chronic bullying victimization. Both overweight and underweight children are at risk of being chronically bullied.
НАБЛЮДАТЕЛИ И ДВИЖУЩИЙСЯ ОБЪЕКТ?В?R3, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Бердышев В.И.
Published: January 2018

Пусть объект t движется внутри заданного коридора Y при наличии группы S враждебных наблюдателей S Y, каждый из которых имеет фиксированный конус обзора K(S). Решается задача поиска наиболее удалённой от S траектории объекта при условии, что кратность покрытия Y конусами K(S) не превосходит двух.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПОДЖИГА ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ТОПЛИВ С НАНОПРИСАДКАМИ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Бакулин В.Н. , Великодный В. Ю. , Левин Ю. К. , Попов В. В.
Published: January 2018

В ходе проведённых экспериментальных исследований показана высокая эффективность влияния присадок наночастиц на устойчивость поджига углеводородных топлив и стабилизацию их горения в высокочастотном высоковольтном разряде. При этом обнаружены эффекты торможения струи, увеличения объёма горящей смеси и снижения времени задержки воспламенения. Проведена количест­венная оценка указанных эффектов путём цифровой обработки кадров съёмки процесса поджига струи барботированного керосина с добавками 0,5% наночастиц графена и без этих добавок. Дано объяснение этого эффекта влиянием электродинамических процессов.
СЕТОЧНАЯ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТЬ И ЕЁ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ С УДАРНОЙ ВОЛНОЙ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Докукина О. И. , Терентьев Е.Н. , Штеменко Л. С. , Шугаев Ф.В.
Published: January 2018

Экспериментально исследованы пульсации плотности и давления в турбулентном течении воздуха и аргона в ударной трубе и их взаимодействие с ударной волной, отражённой от перфорированного торца ударной трубы. Число Маха падающей волны изменялось от 1,9 до 3,9, число Маха отражённой волны - от 1,4 до 2,4. Определён масштаб турбулентных пульсаций за падающей волной. За отражённой волной он в несколько раз меньше. Обнаружено, что давление за фронтом отражённой волны в турбулентном потоке больше соответствующего значения в ламинарном потоке при прочих равных условиях (в аргоне на 12%, в воздухе на 9%).
U-PB-SHRIMP-II-ВОЗРАСТ И ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ ЦИРКОНА ИЗ ЛЕРЦОЛИТА ПОБУЖСКОГО ПАЛЕОАРХЕЙСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА (УКРАИНСКИЙ ЩИТ), "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Лобач-Жученко С.Б. , Балтыбаев Ш.К. , Глебовицкий В.А. , Сергеев С.А. , Лохов К.И. , Егорова Ю.С. , Балаганский В.В. , Скублов С.Г. , Галанкина О.Л. , Степанюк Л.М.
Published: January 2018

Комплексное изучение U-Pb-, Lu-Hf-систем циркона лерцолитовой линзы в архейских гнейсоэндербитах Побужского комплекса Украинского щита показало, что магма ультраосновного состава была контаминирована материалом вмещающих гнейсоэндербитов. Возраст циркона 2,81 ± 0,05 млрд лет отвечает времени ультраосновного магматизма в пределах Побужского комплекса. Ранее этот пик эндогенной активности исследователи рассматривали только как этап проявления метаморфизма и магматизма основного состава.
ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ЭМИССИЮ ПАРНИКОВЫХ ГАЗОВ В МЕРЗЛОТНЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМАХ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Карелин Д. В. , Горячкин  , Горячкин С. В. , Замолодчиков Д. Г. , Долгих А. В. , Зазовская Э. П. , Шишков В. А. , Краев Г. Н.
Published: January 2018

DOI: 10.7868/S0869565217350225
Predictive Factors of Malignancy in Cytology of Indeterminate Follicular and Hürthle Cell Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Öz Bahadır , Doğan Serap , Emek Ertan , Akyüz Muhammed , Akcan Alper , Sözüer Erdoğan , Akyıldız Hızır , Arslan Ergin
Published: January 2018

The objective of the current study was to determine the risk of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules with cytology of indeterminate follicular and indeterminate Hürthle cell neoplasm (HN). The cytologic diagnosis of follicular neoplasm (FN) or HN remains a diagnostic challenge. Often, surgery is recommended for such lesions. A retrospective analysis was performed on 80 patients who underwent thyroid surgery following a diagnosis of indeterminate FN and indeterminate HN in thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Sex; age; family history of thyroid cancer and radiation exposure; coexisting thyroid conditions, such as solitary nodule; multinodularity; cytologic diagnosis; sonographic features; type of surgical treatment; and histopathologic results were recorded. Of the 80 patients, 52 (65%) had FN on fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology and 28 (35%) had HN. A total of 23 patients (28.7%) had primary thyroid cancers on surgical pathology, and 57 (71.3%) had benign diagnoses. Univariate analysis showed no differences between the benign and malignant groups by sex, nodule size, family history of thyroid cancer, history of radiation exposure, presence of solitary nodule or multinodularity in the nodular features. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, the factors that were statistically significant predictors of malignancy were microcalcification [odds ratio (OR), 10.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.18–54.7; P = 0.004], being older than 45 years (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.25–14.63; P = 0.02]. The independent predictors of malignancy in FN and HN are micorcalcification and being older than 45 years, the use of which may predict the risk of thyroid cancer.
2D or Not 2D: Strain Tuning in Weakly Coupled Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Ruining , Lange Felix R. L. , Cecchi Stefano , Hanke Michael , Wuttig Matthias , Calarco Raffaella
Published: January 2018

A route to realize strain engineering in weakly bonded heterostructures is presented. Such heterostructures, consisting of layered materials with a pronounced bond hierarchy of strong and weak bonds within and across their building blocks respectively, are anticipated to grow decoupled from each other. Hence, they are expected to be unsuitable for strain engineering as utilized for conventional materials which are strongly bonded isotropically. Here, it is shown for the first time that superlattices of layered chalcogenides (Sb2Te3/GeTe) behave neither as fully decoupled two‐dimensional (2D) materials nor as covalently bonded three‐dimensional (3D) materials. Instead, they form a novel class of 3D solids with an unparalleled atomic arrangement, featuring a distribution of lattice constants, which is tunable. A map to identify further material combinations with similar characteristic is given. It opens the way for the design of a novel class of artificial solids with unexplored properties.
Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Thermal Infrared Invisibility and Holographic Illusion
Authors: Xie Xin , Li Xiong , Pu Mingbo , Ma Xiaoliang , Liu Kaipeng , Guo Yinghui , Luo Xiangang
Published: January 2018

In 1860s, Gustav Kirchhoff proposed his famous law of thermal radiation, setting a fundamental contradiction between the infrared reflection and thermal radiation. Here, for the first time an ultrathin plasmonic metasurface is proposed to simultaneously produce ultralow specular reflection and infrared emission across a broad spectrum and wide incident angle range by combining the low emission nature of metal and the photonic spin–orbit interaction in spatially inhomogeneous structures. As a proof‐of‐concept, a phase gradient metasurface composed of sub‐wavelength metal gratings is designed and experimentally characterized in the infrared atmosphere window of 8–14 µm, demonstrating an ultralow specular reflectivity and infrared emissivity below 0.1. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that infrared illusion could be generated by the metasurface, enabling not only invisibility for thermal and laser detection, but also multifunctionalities for potential applications. This technology is also scalable across a wide range of electromagnetic spectrum and provides a feasible alternative for surface coating.
Reverse Microemulsion‐Assisted Synthesis of NiCo2S4 Nanoflakes Supported on Nickel Foam for Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yu Jing , Lv Chunxiao , Zhao Lu , Zhang Lixue , Wang Zonghua , Liu Qingyun
Published: January 2018

Developing low‐cost and highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction has been the subject of intensive research focus with the increasing demand for energy conversion technologies. Herein, synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) nanoflakes grown on 3D nickel foam (NF) is reported by a reverse microemulsion‐assisted method appearing benign water‐splitting activity and stability. The binder‐free, self‐supported NiCo2S4/NF electrode delivers a current density of 100 mA cm–2 at an overpotential of 319 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction and a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at 169 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction in 1 m KOH. When using it as a cathode and an anode in a two‐electrode water electrolysis system, it demonstrates a remarkable activity for overall water splitting to deliver 10 mA cm–2 at a cell voltage of 1.61 V, thus offering an attractive cost‐effective earth abundant electrocatalyst toward water splitting.