bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological approaches to the functioning of the passenger transportation market: Airline, road and railway segments
Authors: Pohuda Nataliia , Ivchenko Liubov , Pohuda Oleksii
Published: October 2024

Passenger transportation plays a critical role in ensuring efficient functioning of the economy, as it provides labour mobility, access to markets, cultural, and social services, and promotes the development of international tourism and social integration. Thus, the purpose of the research was to analyse methodological foundations of the functioning of the passenger transportation market and to assess the war impact on the condition and development of air, bus, and rail passenger transportation. With the help of the bibliographic method, key scientific papers have been analysed in the article to study the theoretical foundation and identify problematic issues, calling for improvement and development. Using the generalisation method, leading organisations, ensuring the functioning of the passenger transportation market, have been identified and summarised, and the general principles of its functioning have been formulated. Using comparative and grouping methods, methodological approaches to air, bus, and rail passenger transportation in the context of economic, regulatory, technological, ecological, and social foundations have been proposed. The necessary prerequisites for the effective functioning of the passenger transportation market have been determined by grouping the most significant aspects, such as liberalisation and competition, state regulation and standardisation, investments and innovations, as well as effective cooperation between stakeholders in the field of passenger transportation. Using tabular and graphical methods, the war impact on air, bus, and rail passenger transportation has been considered through the lens of the caused damage, the amount of destruction, and the necessary restoration and reduction of passenger traffic. The peculiarities of enterprise operation in wartime have been identified with the emphasis on strategically important features of functioning and development, and patterns in passenger transportation have been revealed with the help of the content analysis method. The results of the research can be useful for specialists in the field of passenger transportation and tourism when analysing the passenger transportation market, forming strategies, and considering development trends
Ästhetische Bildung und Bildende Kunst in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Dorner Birgit
Published: October 2024

In this book, Birgit Dorner demonstrates the specific significance of the visual arts and aesthetic education for social work. She presents the theoretical and didactic foundations of aesthetic education, cultural education and art education in social work and offers an introduction to these and other relevant basic concepts such as aesthetic perception, creativity, imagination and the variety of methods used in art education. The book contains examples of the use of art education methods in the field of social work. It is designed as a basic text for students and as an aid to reflection in practice.
Antisemitismus
Authors: Ludyga Hannes
Published: October 2024

The study deals with the subject area “Law and anti-Semitism”. For this purpose, the connection between private law and anti-Semitism (rescission, general personal rights, general equal treatment law, tenancy law, travel contract law), decisions of civil justice with reference to anti-Semitism and legal education are critically examined in more detail. The study takes an interdisciplinary approach. It takes into account findings from the fields of law, political science, linguistics, history and sociology.
Advances in Breast Ultrasound Imaging: Enhancing Diagnostic Precision and Clinical Utility
Authors: Shama Rana Athar , Rafique Javairia , Riffat Hira
Published: October 2024

Ultrasound imaging is a commonly used modality for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. The diagnostic role of breast ultrasound has been expanded along with the improvement of high-frequency transducers and digital technology. Vascular assessment has progressed enough to depict normal vascular anatomy of the breast and the lymph nodes. Early detection of breast cancer leads to more effective treatment and fewer deaths. Although mammography is mostly used to detect breast cancer, it is spotted that not all cancers can be seen on mammographic images. Accurate ultrasonography (US) investigations facilitate the surgical approach to a very conservative and cosmetic operation. High-resolution sonography can demonstrate the intraductal spread of tumors and their multiple foci more easily than mammography. Pathologic vessels are seen in almost all the tumors, thus improving US sensitivity for nonpalpable carcinomas. New contrast agents will recirculate enough to search for vascular foci during a thorough investigation of both breasts and nodal stations. In this chapter, we summarize advanced breast ultrasound applications for the diagnosis of breast cancer, including ultrasound elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, 3D ultrasound, automatic breast ultrasound, micropure, ultrasound nomograms, and full non-contact laser ultrasound. We have discussed the limitations of our chapter in the “Discussion” section.
Academic Coaching for Metacognitive Mastery: Skills for Enhancing Self-Awareness and Learning Autonomy
Authors: Nehrusingh-Pajerowski Gayatri
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the transformative role of academic coaching in developing metacognitive skills and promoting self-regulated learning and learning autonomy. The facets of self-awareness, self-observation, and self-reflection are explored using Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Triadic Reciprocal Determinism (TRC), and Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The chapter highlights how academic coaching is strategically implemented with learners by co-creating a space to explore and understand their learning processes. Academic coaching is recommended during student interactions in mentoring, advising, and tutoring sessions. The primary aim is to demonstrate how academic coaching cultivates a deepened self-awareness and a growth mindset, essential for effective self-regulation. The chapter unveils how coaching can help students identify and assess their cognitive and emotional patterns, particularly during challenging situations. When students become aware of their thinking process, they can shift from passive recipients of knowledge to active, self-regulated learners and empowered decision-makers with the autonomy to take action.
Exploring Animal Models for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Kuret Tadeja
Published: October 2024

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder characterized by discomfort and pain, increased urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Most currently available treatment options primarily aim to alleviate clinical symptoms, with no single option providing a long-term beneficial effect for all patients. This limitation is likely due to the complex and multifactorial nature of IC/BPS and the incomplete understanding of its pathobiology. Preclinical studies using animal models remain essential for researching the etiology and pathophysiology of IC/BPS, discovering novel drug targets, and designing future clinical trials. Various animal models have been developed to replicate the primary symptoms and complex pathophysiology of IC/BPS, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Given the disease’s complexity and the existence of several distinct clinical subtypes, it is unlikely that a single model can fully replicate all aspects of IC/BPS. Instead, multiple distinct animal models will likely be necessary, depending on the subtype being evaluated. When using animal models to inform future clinical trials, special care must be given to understanding the specific underlying mechanisms of development and progression of a particular IC/BPS subtype and the mechanism of action of the therapeutic being studied. This approach will help ensure the successful translation of preclinical findings into clinical settings.
Ofimática
Authors: Narvaez-Cordova Cristian
Published: October 2024

La ofimática se refiere al conjunto de programas y herramientas informáticas utilizadas en oficinas y entornos de trabajo para aumentar la productividad y facilitar tareas como la redacción de documentos, la creación de hojas de cálculo, la presentación de diapositivas y la gestión de correo electrónico. Algunas de las aplicaciones ofimáticas más conocidas son Microsoft Office, Google Workspace y LibreOffice. Por otro lado, las plataformas de almacenamiento en la nube permiten a los usuarios almacenar, compartir y acceder a sus archivos de forma remota a través de internet. Algunas de las plataformas más populares son Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive y iCloud. Estas herramientas facilitan la colaboración y el trabajo en equipo, ya que permiten a los usuarios acceder y editar documentos de forma simultánea desde diferentes ubicaciones. Además, ofrecen funciones de respaldo y sincronización para evitar la pérdida de información.
Herramienta colaborativa de Diseño CANVA Y GENIALLY
Authors: Ruiz Ruiz Edison Santiago
Published: October 2024

Canva es una plataforma de diseño gráfico que simplifica la creación de contenido visual profesional a través de una interfaz intuitiva. Proporciona herramientas básicas, personalización de plantillas y principios de diseño visual, además de una extensa biblioteca de recursos como imágenes y fuentes. Su funcionalidad colaborativa permite compartir proyectos y trabajar en tiempo real, optimizando la eficiencia en equipos. Canva también ofrece opciones para publicar y compartir proyectos en redes sociales, sitios web o mediante descargas en diversos formatos. Por otro lado, Genially destaca por permitir la creación de contenido interactivo y gamificado, con capacidades de coedición en tiempo real.
Ecuador turístico, historia, geografía, fundamentos, guianza e interpretación
Authors: Benítez Pereira Juan , Casanova Imbaquingo Lorena Elizabeth , Morejón Rueda Laura Nataly
Published: October 2024

El libro "Ecuador Turístico: Historia, Geografía, Fundamentos, Guianza e Interpretación" ofrece una visión integral y académica de Ecuador, explorando su rica historia, variada geografía y el desarrollo del turismo. El primer capítulo examina la evolución histórica del país y su contexto geográfico, destacando los eventos y las regiones clave que han influido en su desarrollo. El segundo capítulo se centra en los fundamentos del turismo, proporcionando definiciones, historia y modalidades de turismo, así como su impacto económico y sostenible. El tercer capítulo aborda la guianza turística y la interpretación del patrimonio, ofreciendo técnicas y metodologías para la planificación y ejecución de recorridos turísticos efectivos. Este libro es una herramienta esencial para estudiantes, profesionales y cualquier persona interesada en comprender y apreciar la diversidad cultural y natural de Ecuador, promoviendo y gestionando sus recursos turísticos de manera responsable y sostenible.
Historia y geografía del Ecuador
Authors: Morejón Rueda Laura Nataly
Published: October 2024

La Historia y Geografía ofrecen una visión contextualizada de la evolución histórica y el contexto geográfico de un país. Este capítulo a través de sus diferentes unidades explora eventos que han marcado la actualidad nacional mostrando los impactos en el desarrollo. La primera unidad presenta la historia universal, las etapas y procesos atravesados para la sociedad y el mundo. La segunda unidad muestra la historia del Ecuador, época aborigen, colonial, independentista colombiana y republicana. La tercera unidad destaca la geografía del Ecuador a través de las veinte y cuatro provincias que lo conforman. Finalmente, la unidad cuatro señala los atractivos naturales del país, separados por regiones.
Guianza turística e interpretación
Authors: Casanova Imbaquingo Lorena Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

La Unidad I explora el concepto y la evolución del turismo, destacando su desarrollo desde la Edad Antigua hasta la contemporánea, así como el impacto del turismo en Ecuador desde las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras hasta la época republicana. La Unidad II trata el turismo como una actividad económica significativa, analizando su crecimiento global y su impacto en la economía de Ecuador, especialmente en términos de empleo y divisas. La Unidad III examina el sistema turístico a través de la oferta, demanda, operadores de mercado y espacio geográfico, destacando la interrelación entre servicios, productos e infraestructura. La Unidad IV analiza las organizaciones turísticas internacionales, como la IATA y la OACI, que regulan el tráfico aéreo y promueven la seguridad, además del Código Internacional para la Protección de los Turistas y el uso del alfabeto radiofónico para mejorar la comunicación en la aviación.
Fundamentos del turismo
Authors: Benítez Pereira Juan
Published: October 2024

La asignatura de guianza e interpretación se enfoca en desarrollar competencias para la ejecución de actividades de guianza y operación de productos turísticos. Los estudiantes aprenderán sobre los tipos de guías, visitantes y servicios turísticos guiados, así como herramientas para la planificación interpretativa y la construcción de guiones interpretativos de elementos naturales y culturales. Se estudian técnicas de interpretación, como símiles, analogías y leyendas, adaptadas a las expectativas de los visitantes. Los objetivos incluyen ejecutar guianza interpretativa y aplicar técnicas de guiado y animación turística para proporcionar una experiencia satisfactoria. Se desarrollarán competencias cognitivas a través de la descripción de guías y visitantes, conceptos interpretativos, medios y técnicas de interpretación, y la asociación de técnicas de guiado y animación con diversos grupos turísticos. Se recomienda estudiar las cuatro unidades didácticas de manera secuencial y aplicar técnicas de lectura comprensiva, además de utilizar material bibliográfico complementario.
OPTIMISASI PREDIKSI PASIEN KATARAK RAWAT JALAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING DI RS MATA UNDAAN SURABAYA
Authors: Rachman Mohammad Arief , Hadi Prasetyo Maria Antonia , Anggryani Femy
Published: October 2024

Bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dan kesadaran akan kesehatan telah mendorong meningkatnya kunjungan ke fasilitas kesehatan, sehingga perlu dilakukan peramalan untuk memastikan kesiapan fasilitas dan sumber daya yang ada. Pemulusan exponensial (Exponential Smoothing) merupakan metode peramalan dengan cara mengurangi atau memuluskan fluktasi dari hasil forecast dengan memakai data di masa lalu. Apabila hasil perhitungan forecast mengalami peningkatan maka harus disertai dengan sarana prasarana dan perangkat tambahan yang memadai. Penelitian ini berfokus pada prediksi jumlah kunjungan pasien penderita katarak di Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya menggunakan metode exponential smoothing. Dari penelitian yang diambil menunjukkan hasil perhitungan forecasting jumlah kunjungan pasien Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya mengalami fluktuasi setiap bulannya. Hasil peramalan, mengalami kenaikkan dengan total kunjungan sebanyak 1455 pasien dengan nilai minimum perkiraan 1146.35 pasien dan nilai maksimal perkiraan sebanyak 1763.20 pasien pada Maret. Dengan nilai MAPE yang dihasilkan yaitu sebesar 1.88% yang artinya nilai akurasi yang dihasilkan sangat baik pada bulan Februari. Fluktuasi jumlah kunjungan pasien penderita katarak di Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya dipengaruhi oleh jumlah kunjungan pasien yang menggunakan BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial).Saran untuk manajemen, sebaiknya dilakukan penambahan mengenai alat, obat, dan sarana prasarana yang diperlukan pada bulan di mana diramalkan adanya peningkatan kuantitas kunjungan di Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya.
Los postulados de la responsabilidad social empresarial en la Constitución de 2008 de la República del Ecuador
Authors: Reyes Barreno Luis Augusto , Medina Peña Rolando
Published: October 2024

El texto analiza desde la visión de sus autores como el Estado ecuatoriano enfatiza en la necesidad de que las empresas tanto públicas como privadas contribuyan al bienestar de la sociedad, a la preservación del medio ambiente, permitan y participen de forma activa en el cumplimiento de los objetivos del buen vivir refrendados en la Constitución. El libro, además de su aporte al desarrollo teórico-jurídico del tema, presenta una propuesta con los puntos esenciales y la fundamentación necesaria para la construcción de una Estrategia de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en Ecuador.
The Impact of the Implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration on Legal Certainty in the Registration of Land Ownership Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Krismantoro Damianus , Hutapea Maria , Joe Christian
Published: October 2024

The establishment of legal certainty is one of the goals of land registration. Both Article 19 of the UUPA and Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration support this. Both methodical and haphazard land registration may lead to legal certainty in the form of certificates. Initiated in 2016, the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program is still running. The Impact of Complete Systematic Land Registration Implementation on Legal Certainty in the Registration of Property Rights in Indonesia is the title of this study. The purpose of this study is to look at how Complete Systematic Land Registration could affect Indonesia's property rights registration system's legal certainty. Normative legal research employing secondary data is what this work does. According to a 2024 study, the National Land Agency, the government, saw both good and negative effects from the implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration, in addition to benefits for participating landowners.
Guia da Dinâmica do Betinho para educação em saúde no Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1
Authors: Leitão Antônio Simeone Correia , Teixeira Elizabeth , Sicsu Elessandra da Silva , Pena Francineide Pereira da Silva , Nemer Camila Rodrigues Barbosa
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: construir e validar o guia de aplicação da Dinâmica do Betinho para mediar as ações de educação em saúde com crianças e adolescentes que convivem com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas: revisão de literatura, construção do guia, validação do conteúdo em ambiente virtual e em âmbito nacional. Participaram especialistas da área da saúde por meio de um questionário. Aplicou-se análise estatística descritiva e cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: da revisão emergiram 14 temas. Após a construção configurou-se a primeira versão; na etapa de validação obteve IVC de 0,83. As sugestões foram utilizadas na versão final. Conclusão: o guia foi considerado adequado e poderá ser usado quando da aplicação da Dinâmica do Betinho, que é um recurso tecnológico interativo e lúdico.
Competências do enfermeiro de terapia intensiva com foco na segurança do paciente: revisão de escopo
Authors: Perin Daniele Cristina , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Lazzari Daniele Delacanal , Becker Alex
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: identificar competências que permitam avaliar o enfermeiro de unidade de terapia intensiva adulto, com foco na segurança do paciente. Método: revisão de escopo em que foram incluídos artigos sem limitação temporal e de idiomas com a temática competência do enfermeiro em terapia intensiva e segurança do paciente. Dois revisores realizaram a leitura dos estudos na íntegra, de forma independente. Resultados: foram incluídos 34 estudos e identificados os seguintes grupos de competências: Competências gerais, Observação e julgamento clínico, Pensamento crítico, Gerenciamento de Recursos, Segurança do paciente, Gerenciamento do cuidado, Habilidades de trabalho em equipe, e Conhecimentos teóricos. Conclusão: avaliação criteriosa dos pacientes, uso de evidências científicas, tomada de decisão, cuidado centrado no paciente, habilidades técnicas e não técnicas, comunicação, liderança, e planejamento do cuidado foram citados como competências essenciais ao enfermeiro de terapia intensiva com foco na segurança do paciente.
Obstrução de vias aéreas por corpo estranho: construção e validação de cenário telessimulado
Authors: Camilo Beatriz Helena Naddaf , Eduardo Aline Helena Appoloni , Dias Ana Angélica Lima , Okido Aline Cristiane Cavicchioli
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: apresentar o processo de construção e validação de um cenário telessimulado sobre prevenção e manejo da obstrução de vias aéreas por corpo estranho em crianças menores de um ano. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em duas etapas: construção do cenário baseada na literatura científica e nas diretrizes do Nursing Education Simulation Framework e submissão à validação de conteúdo e aparência por especialistas com expertises na temática. Calculou-se o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC), considerando adequado valor igual ou superior a 0,80. Resultados: foi construído um cenário híbrido com duas participantes simuladas e um manequim de baixa fidelidade representando a criança, gravado numa casa simulada por equipe especializada em imagem e som, com seis minutos de duração após edição. Nove especialistas participaram e os itens avaliados atingiram IVC proposto. Conclusão: cenário validado em conteúdo e aparência com potencial aplicabilidade nas ações de educação em saúde.
Estrategias metodológicas en la formación del docente en educación inicial
Authors: María Cecilia Mera Carranza  , Toa Elena Guandinango Conejo  , David Alexander  Cercado Basurto  , Rosa Marina Oña Salazar
Published: October 2024

Las estrategias metodológicas que se implementen durante el desarrollo de la formación del docente en educación inicial son fundamentales ya que contribuyen en su actual y futuro desempeño del nuevo profesional. En este sentido la presente investigación tiene como objetivo revelar la importancia de las estrategias metodológicas en la formación del docente en Educación Inicial de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí extensión Pedernales. La metodología aplicada fue de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo, se utilizaron en su desarrollo métodos y técnicas de la investigación educativa tales como: la encuesta y la entrevista; valorándose el nivel de efectividad y factibilidad para su aplicación atendiendo a las características de la realidad educativa. Con la aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación se constató insuficiencias en la preparación teórico-metodológica que contribuya al desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas en la formación del docente en Educación Inicial, lo que limita su desempeño       profesional. De ahí la necesidad de investigar, para dar respuesta a esta problemática y exponer procedimientos que se sustentan en diversos enfoques teórico- práctico y estrategias metodológicas precedentes. Como resultado de esta investigación se presenta la propuesta que reconoce el valor de las estrategias metodológicas para fortalecer las prácticas educativas de los docentes en educación inicial.
Nasilje učenika i roditelja prema srednjoškolskim nastavnicima
Authors: Radić Bursać Sanja , Kovčo Vukadin Irma , Rattinger Rea
Published: October 2024

Školske ustanove pružaju važno socijalizacijsko okruženje i pridonose pozitivnim razvojnim ishodima učenika. Nasilje (učenika ili njihovih roditelja) nad nastavnicima sve je više u fokusu znanstvenika i praktičara. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi prevalenciju i prirodu nasilnog ponašanja učenika ili njihovih roditelja prema nastavnicima, kao i posljedice i poduzete aktivnosti. Specifičan cilj rada odnosio se na utvrđivanje razlika u navedenim obilježjima s obzirom na rod nastavnika.U istraživanju su sudjelovali nastavnici srednjih škola u Hrvatskoj (N=607). Sudionici su tijekom radnog staža najčešće doživjeli uvrede, pogrdne riječi ili omalovažavajuće nadimke koje su im upućivali učenici i njihovi roditelji, najčešće tijekom nastave. Kao najčešće percipirane razloge nasilnog ponašanja učenika sudionici su naveli želju za dokazivanjem pred drugim učenicima i nezadovoljstvo ocjenom. Sudionici su najčešće doživjeli stres zbog nasilnog ponašanja, a većina zbog takvih iskustava nije trebala stručnu pomoć ili bolovanje. Manje od trećine sudionika upoznato je s propisima o zaštiti od nasilnog ponašanja, nešto više od polovice smatra da njihova škola vodi računa o sigurnosti nastavnika i drugog osoblja, a samo jedna desetina ispitanika smatra da se pitanju sigurnosti osoblja u srednjim školama posvećuje dovoljno pažnje na državnoj razini. Istraživanjem su utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između nastavnika i nastavnica u oblicima doživljenog nasilnog ponašanja, okolnostima te percipiranim uzrocima i posljedicama, kao i u aktivnostima poduzetim nakon doživljenog nasilnog ponašanja.
Teroristički napadi korištenjem kemijskih tvari dvojne namjene kao prijetnja nacionalnoj sigurnosti Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Cetina Ivana , Pehar Vesna
Published: October 2024

Terorizam predstavlja jednu od potencijalnih prijetnji nacionalnoj sigurnosti. Potencijalna uporaba kemijskih tvari u terorističkim napadima postaje sve veći rizik zbog stalnog tehnološkog napretka i povećane dostupnosti materijala dvojne namjene te novih tehnologija kao posljedica globalizacije. Nedržavnim akterima (ekstremističke i radikalističke skupine, pokreti, organizacije i pojedinci) dostupnost omogućava malicioznu uporabu kemijskih tvari radi izazivanja masovnih žrtava, što predstavlja državni i međunarodni izazov koji treba ozbiljno razmatrati u sklopu KBRN (kemijske, biološke, radiološke, nuklearne) obrane kao jednog od glavnih elemenata politike državne sigurnosti. U ovom radu prikazani su izazovi glede relativno lako dostupnih kemijskih tvari dvojne namjene, propisa i njihove kontrole te odgovora na potencijalne KBRN terorističke napade.
Emerging CRISPR-Based Therapeutics for HIV Eradication
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Kibibi Wairimu H.
Published: October 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continued to pose a major global health challenge, with current antiretroviral therapies unable to fully eradicate the virus due to latent reservoirs and potential drug resistance. Emerging CRISPR-based gene editing technologies had the potential to revolutionize HIV treatment by targeting and disrupting the viral genome or modifying host cells to confer resistance. This article explored the mechanisms of CRISPR in HIV therapeutics, including excision of integrated HIV proviruses and genetic editing of host immune cells. It reviewed progress in CRISPR-based research through in vitro studies, animal models, and early clinical trials, highlighting both promising advancements and ongoing challenges such as delivery efficiency, off-target effects, and viral escape. The methodology employed in writing this review paper involved a comprehensive literature review and synthesis of recent research findings to assess the current state and future directions of CRISPR-based HIV therapies. Despite significant progress, challenges remained, and future research will need to focus on improving delivery systems, combining CRISPR with other therapies, and optimizing gene editing in stem cells to achieve long-term HIV eradication. Keywords: CRISPR-Cas9, HIV Therapy, Gene Editing, Latent Reservoirs, CCR5 Receptor.
Imported Malaria Cases and Fatality in East Africa: A Review
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Nyambura Achieng M.
Published: October 2024

Malaria remains a critical public health challenge in East Africa, with endemic transmission in many regions. Recent trends, however, show an alarming rise in imported malaria cases—wherein individuals contract malaria in endemic areas and transport it to regions with lower or no endemicity. This review examines the epidemiology of imported malaria in East Africa, with a focus on contributing factors such as international travel, migration, and inadequate vector control. The fatality rates associated with imported malaria, often driven by delayed diagnosis, drug resistance, and limited healthcare resources, are explored in depth. The review highlights the risk factors for imported malaria, including the role of expatriates, tourists, refugees, and migrants in the cross-border transmission of malaria. In particular, non-immune individuals such as travelers are highly susceptible to severe disease, often leading to fatalities when treatment is delayed. In addition, the review discusses the complex transmission dynamics that arise from overlapping malaria transmission zones within East Africa, further complicating efforts to distinguish domestic from imported cases. Management strategies to combat imported malaria, including strengthening surveillance systems at entry points, enhancing diagnostic capabilities, and ensuring access to effective treatments, are outlined. The importance of cross-border collaboration between East African nations to harmonize malaria control strategies is emphasized. Additionally, the review identifies future research directions, including the need for more detailed epidemiological studies, ongoing drug resistance monitoring, and policy development to address the complexities of imported malaria. This comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of addressing imported malaria as a critical element in the broader fight against the disease, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to mitigate its impact on healthcare systems and prevent further transmission in East Africa. Keywords: Imported Malaria, Cases, Fatality, East Africa.
Epigenetic Modifications and Diabetes: Unraveling the Interplay between Genetics, Lifestyle, and Disease Progression
Authors:   Kato Jumba K.   Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda, Kato Jumba K.
Published: October 2024

Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized as critical factors in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review examined the complex interplay between genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and epigenetic changes that contributed to the development of diabetes and its complications. Key epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, can alter gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence, thereby influencing metabolic pathways essential for insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Environmental factors such as diet, physical activity, and exposure to toxins induced epigenetic alterations, linking lifestyle choices to diabetes risk. Moreover, these modifications had significant implications for the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes, including retinopathy and cardiovascular disease. Understanding the epigenetic landscape of diabetes not only enhanced our comprehension of its underlying mechanisms but also opened new avenues for therapeutic interventions. This review synthesized findings from recent literature and highlights the potential for targeting epigenetic modifications in developing personalized treatment strategies. A comprehensive analysis of studies published over the last decade, focusing on the relationship between epigenetics and diabetes. Keywords: Epigenetics, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), DNA Methylation, Lifestyle Factors, Diabetic Complications.
Cervical Cancer Prevention and Women’s Well-Being in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda, Nyiramana Mukamurera P.
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer represents a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, where it ranks as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. This comprehensive review examines the current state of cervical cancer prevention in Nigeria, with a focus on HPV vaccination and screening programs. The review highlights the critical barriers to effective prevention, including inadequate healthcare infrastructure, low vaccination coverage, limited access to screening services, and sociocultural stigmas. Despite the availability of preventive measures, many Nigerian women face challenges such as financial constraints, lack of awareness, and cultural taboos, which contribute to late-stage diagnoses and high mortality rates. The review also explores the broader implications of cervical cancer on women’s physical, psychological, and economic well-being. Recommendations for improving cervical cancer prevention include expanding vaccination programs, strengthening screening services, raising awareness, and investing in healthcare infrastructure. Addressing these challenges through a multi-faceted approach is essential to reducing the burden of cervical cancer and enhancing the overall well-being of Nigerian women. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, HPV Vaccination, Screening Programs, Nigeria, Public Health, Healthcare Infrastructure.
HIV and Gut Microbiota: Understanding the Link between Immune Function, Inflammation, and Viral Persistence
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Nyambura Achieng M.
Published: October 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was associated with significant alterations in gut microbiota, which in turn impacts immune function, inflammation, and viral persistence. This review explored the complex interplay between HIV and gut microbiota, highlighting how dysbiosis can lead to chronic immune activation and increased inflammation, factors that contribute to the persistence of the virus. This review comprehensively analised recent literature on gut microbiota composition in HIV-infected subjects, focusing on studies that assess the relationship between microbial diversity, immune function, and disease progression. The review also synthesizes findings from various studies that demonstrate shifts in microbial composition among HIV-infected individuals, correlating these changes with immune parameters such as CD4+ T cell counts and levels of viremia. Additionally, it discussed potential therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating gut microbiota to improve immune recovery and reduce inflammation in HIV patients. Keywords: HIV infection, Gut microbiota dysbiosis, Immune dysfunction, Chronic inflammation, Viral persistence
Disease Control and Prevention: Malaria in Africa
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Kamanzi Ntakirutimana G.
Published: October 2024

Malaria remains a critical public health challenge in Africa, accounting for over 90% of the global malaria burden. This disease disproportionately impacts young children and pregnant women, with high prevalence and mortality rates driven by factors such as drug resistance, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited access to preventive measures. Effective control strategies include Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets (ITNs), Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), antimalarial drugs, and vaccines. However, challenges such as insecticide and drug resistance, weak health systems, and uneven distribution of interventions hinder progress. Climate and environmental factors further complicate malaria transmission dynamics. Future efforts must focus on integrating new tools and technologies, strengthening surveillance, engaging communities, and improving access to interventions. Addressing these challenges through comprehensive, multi-faceted strategies is crucial for advancing malaria control and working towards eradication in Africa. Keywords: Malaria, Africa, Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets (ITNs), Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), Antimalarial Drugs.
Educational Programs for Patients with Diabetes: Challenges and Effectiveness
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Kamanzi Ntakirutimana G.
Published: October 2024

Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is integral to managing diabetes, a chronic condition affecting millions globally. DSME programs aim to equip patients with essential knowledge and skills to manage their diabetes effectively and enhance their quality of life. This review assesses the challenges and effectiveness of current DSME programs. Key challenges include a lack of individualization, cultural and socioeconomic barriers, inadequate health literacy, and difficulties in achieving sustained behavioral change. Despite these challenges, DSME programs have shown potential in improving clinical outcomes, enhancing quality of life, and being cost-effective. Effective strategies to improve DSME include personalizing education to meet individual needs, integrating behavioral support techniques, addressing cultural and socioeconomic factors, and utilizing digital technologies. Addressing these challenges through tailored, evidence-based approaches and ongoing support can enhance the impact of DSME programs. Future research should focus on refining these strategies and exploring innovative methods to optimize diabetes education. Keywords: Diabetes self-management education (DSME), Diabetes management, Patient education, Behavioral change
Tea Consumption and Human Health: A Review of Benefits and Impact on Chronic Disease Prevention
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Kamanzi Ntakirutimana G.
Published: October 2024

Tea, derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, is a globally consumed beverage with a rich history spanning thousands of years. Its cultural and social significance is evident in numerous societies, from ancient China to modern Western cultures. Historically revered for its potential health benefits, tea has gained scientific support for its role in chronic disease prevention. This review examines the historical and cultural importance of tea, its bioactive compounds, and its impact on health. Key areas include cancer prevention, cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome management, and neuroprotection. Green tea, particularly noted for its high concentration of catechins, has been extensively studied for its health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-preventive properties. Black, oolong, and white teas each offer distinct benefits due to their unique compositions. Despite the promising evidence, potential risks such as caffeine sensitivity and reduced iron absorption should be considered. Future research is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying tea’s health benefits and to explore its efficacy across diverse populations. Keywords: Tea, Camellia sinensis, Health Benefits, Cancer Prevention, Cardiovascular Health, Metabolic Syndrome.
Are Forcefields Able To Describe Protein Dynamics?
Authors: Wagen Corin
Published: October 2024

This post assumes some knowledge of molecular dynamics and forcefields/molecular mechanics.
New secondary explosives and oxidizers developed at LMU
Authors: Klapötke Thomas
Published: October 2024

The energetic materials research group at LMU has been interested in the synthesis and energetic properties of new explosives and rocket propellant ingredients for many years. Out of the many interesting compounds which we have prepared over the years, the most promising candidate compound for use in real-life applications is the secondary explosive TKX-50. An overview of the synthesis and properties of TKX-50 will be given, as well as recent aspects we have investigated. The progress and development of new CHNO-based oxidizers will also be discussed, focusing predominantly on 2,2,2-trinitroethyl formate (TNEF) and bis(trinitroethyl) oxalate (BTNEO).
Simulation model of tank combat
Authors: Simonović Marko , Simonović Milan , Arsić Lazar , Gačić Ana , Božić Dušan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the fire control system for tanks (FCS) is presented, as a complex system, by means of which the target is detected, the necessary elements are occupied and shooting is carried out. The components of the FCS, the way in functions, and the way it is maintained are presented. The essence of FCS is presented in the form of algorithms, which includes all events, from the moment of target detection, to the firing order. The concept of direct fire is explained, as a model, which is characteristic in tank battles, with the problems and errors tha may appear. Mathematical models for solving the problem of shooting in the horizontal and vertical planes have been set up. Also, the problem of shooting from a tank, when it is under a certain lateral inclination, in relation to the horizontal plane, where the shoulder of the cannon cradle is tilted, is explained. The mathematical model in this situation, which is presented in the paper, refers to the calculation of corrected angles of direction and elevation. In addition to FCS, in tank combat, one of the main factors for the success of the mission is the training of the crew. Based on all the set mathematical models, an example of a tank battle, consisting of two tanks, is shown. Tank combat is presented in the form of an algorithm, which includes all activities from target detection, through determining the necessary elements, to shooting.
Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio by using a statistical filter
Authors: Vračar Miodrag , Vračar Stevo
Published: October 2024

The need to increase the signal-to-noise ratio is a significant task in almost all sensor applications that are exposed to a significant influence of ambient noise. The most common methods used to reduce ambient and/or measurement noise are based on the use of analog and digital filters or wavelet signal decomposition. The paper describes a new approach to signal filtering based on the application of the so-called a statistical filter that was realized by applying statistics of higher order, i.e. the fourth order cumulants. The statistical filter is successfully tested in analysis various types of sensor signals such as: acoustic, hydro acoustic, seismic, and other.
Application of screw theory and its implementation in Python for controlling a Niryo One manipulator
Authors: Todorović Vuk , Blagojević Milan , Nešić Nikola
Published: October 2024

The representation of a robot's configuration can be diverse, each with its advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we approach the problem using screw theory, which states that all rigid-body motion can be represented with a rotation and translation along a screw axis. Using this as a basis, we'll be tackling the inverse kinematic problem of robots, which lacks standardized ways of being determined, unlike the forward kinematics problem. With that in mind, here we will show a combined approach of the analytic and numerical way of solving the inverse kinematic problem on a Niryo One robotic manipulator. The analytic solution is derived by simplifying the robot's structure and then using those results as initial guesses for the Newton-Raphson numerical method which may produce up to 8 possible solutions. The theoretical foundation is then implemented using the Python programming language after which the solution is sent to the robot via a Niryo One ROS API-pyniryo.
Digital radio system for remote monitoring and control on the medium voltage distribution network using the PDR 300 radio device as a transmitter
Authors: Matović Marija , Matović Ana , Marjanović Ivica
Published: October 2024

As part of the expansion of the medium-voltage distribution network of the system for remote monitoring and control, the communication connection of the end locations with the control center will be made. For many years, remote monitoring and control systems of the medium-voltage electric distribution network based on digital packet radio communication have been used, using the open protocol DNP3 between remote stations and data concentrators, as well as between data concentrators and SCADA applications. The systems work according to the event, that is, the end stations initiate communication in the event of an event, while the end stations are periodically polled from the concentrator to determine whether the remote station is in communication. Implementation of the DNP3 protocol throughout the system enabled an event logger with time created at remote stations with millisecond resolution. Due to the location expansion of the medium voltage distribution network into a system for remote monitoring and control, the communication connection of the end locations with the control center will be made. The purpose is that all end locations can be managed from the control center, so that from the control center it will be possible to read measurements and signals on the switchgear and issue commands. The remote monitoring and control system consists of a SCADA server, data concentrator, repeater and PDR 300 radio end devices.
Implementation of ZigBee technology in the process of sensor calibration in wireless sensor network systems
Authors: Medenica Igor , Jovanović Miloš , Subotić Slobodan , Lazić Dragan
Published: October 2024

The compatibility of sensor functionality requires periodic calibration in an accredited laboratory. The calibration process involves temporarily disconnecting the sensor from operation, performing necessary preparations, and determining the sensor's condition. As a solution to improving the calibration process, the use of mesh networks is presented to avoid disconnecting sensors from active states. Using ZigBee technology, all sensors are represented through nodes with specific functions in the network. Information exchange occurs wirelessly among all nodes in the network, which are involved in communication with the main node (gateway). The main node serves the function of storing and processing data based on specified standards. To gain complete control over the system, observed state changes are stored in the main node's memory, which communicates with all nodes in the network during its operation. Deviations from reference sensor values are determined based on collected parameters from other nodes in the wireless sensor network. To expedite network operation, there is a need to categorize nodes into different types. Definitions of all node types are stored in a dynamic state table, with parameters defining the node type and its state. To facilitate access to all defined nodes from the dynamic state table, node types, in addition to the main node, are divided into reference and regular nodes. Reference nodes in the network do not have a constant role, and their role is separate from regular nodes to expedite communication and parameter retrieval for necessary analyses. Retrieved parameters from the state table are included in the comparison and analysis process based on node type. Obtaining results enables the identification of deviations, issues during operation, and the correctness of retrieved data compared to reference sensors.
The impact of diversification strategy on company performance in defense industry
Authors: Mirković Srđan , Ranisavljević Mihajlo , Đorić Igor
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the impact of diversification strategy on company performance through a systematic review of existing literature. Diversification strategies, which involve expanding business activities into new industries or markets, are often employed with the aim of increasing profitability and reducing risk. A significant number of studies analyze how different diversification strategies affect company performance. However, the results are often contradictory, with some studies showing a positive impact, while others indicate a negative or neutral effect. There is a lack of consensus on best practices and contextual factors that influence the success of these strategies. The paper includes studies from various industries and regions, focusing on those covered by meta-analyses on this topic. This allows for insights into different economic contexts and market conditions that affect the success of diversification strategies. The goal of the paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of diversification strategies and their impact on overall company performance, as well as in the defense industry of Serbia. The paper also highlights the importance of a contextual approach and adapting strategies to the specific conditions of the company and market.