bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lacrimal gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma with contralateral eye and systemic metastasis: A rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wu Yi , He Weimin
Published: March 2023

Lacrimal gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma is very rare. It has a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, however, it rarely metastasizes to the contralateral eye in clinical practice. Here, we present a case of a 52-year-old man with lacrimal gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma who developed multiple recurrences and metastases of another eye and other sites throughout the body after receiving surgical intervention and regular radiotherapy, which will be of ophthalmic interest and unique. Clinical features, imaging findings, histopathology, treatments, and outcomes of this very rare case are provided. A literature review of previously published cases of this disease is performed, with an emphasis on the latest diagnosis and treatment. The prognosis of tumor recurrence and metastasis is poorer, surgery with a negative margin in conjunction with adjuvant therapies is crucial for preventing local recurrence and distant metastasis and enhancing the survival rate.
Online educational interventions in pediatric intensive care medicine
Authors: Daniel Dennis , Wolbrink Traci A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Online education has experienced explosive growth, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored the current state of the evidence base for online education targeted towards healthcare professionals working in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), to report how we are using online education in our field.

Materials and Methods

We performed a literature review by systematically generating a list of publications indexed in PubMed describing online educational interventions in the PICU, using Medical Subject Header (MeSH)-based search terms and the following inclusion criteria: studies published after 2005 that describe online educational interventions aimed at healthcare professional working in the PICU. We reviewed the full text of all included articles, and summarized the study aims, design, and results.

Results

Our initial search yielded 1,071 unique articles. After screening abstracts and titles, then full texts, eight articles were included in the review. Many online learning modalities are represented, including websites, self-study modules, videos, videoconferencing, online self-assessment with feedback, virtual patient cases, screen-based simulation, and podcasts. Three studies focused on residents, two studies on nurses, two studies on a multidisciplinary team, and one study on transport nurses and paramedics. Most studies utilized participant surveys to assess satisfaction, and half included pre- and post-intervention multiple-choice question tests. Only one study included a patient-related outcome measure.

Conclusions

Despite growth in online medical educational intervention research, there are relatively few published studies in pediatric critical care, and only one study evaluated the impact of online learning on patient outcomes. There remain significant opportunities for PICU educators to assess the impact of online educational interventions, especially related to clinician behaviors and patient outcomes.
Bioinformatics-based construction of prognosis-related methylation prediction model for pancreatic cancer patients and its application value
Authors: Cao Tiansheng , Wu Hongsheng , Ji Tengfei
Published: March 2023

Objective: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor with almost similar morbidity and mortality. In this study, based on bioinformatics, we investigated the role of gene methylation in PAAD, evaluated relevant factors affecting patient prognosis, screened potential anti-cancer small molecule drugs, and constructed a prediction model to assess the prognosis of PAAD.

Methods: Clinical and genomic data of PAAD were collected from the Tumor Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) database and gene expression profiles were obtained from the GTEX database. Analysis of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed on tumorous samples with KRAS wild-type and normal samples using the “limma” package and combined analysis. We selected factors significantly associated with survival from the significantly differentially methylated and expressed genes (DMEGs), and their fitting into a relatively streamlined prognostic model was validated separately from the internal training and test sets and the external ICGC database to show the robustness of the model.

Results: In the TCGA database, 2,630 DMGs were identified, with the largest gap between DMGs in the gene body and TSS200 region. 318 DEGs were screened, and the enrichment analysis of DMGs and DEGs was taken to intersect DMEGs, showing that the DMEGs were mainly related to Olfactory transduction, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathway, and Cytokine -cytokine receptor interaction. DMEGs were able to distinguish well between PAAD and paraneoplastic tissues. Through techniques such as drug database and molecular docking, we screened a total of 10 potential oncogenic small molecule compounds, among which felbamate was the most likely target drug for PAAD. We constructed a risk model through combining three DMEGs (S100P, LY6D, and WFDC13) with clinical factors significantly associated with prognosis, and confirmed the model robustness using external and internal validation.

Conclusion: The classification model based on DMEGs was able to accurately separate normal samples from tumor samples and find potential anti-PAAD drugs by performing gene-drug interactions on DrugBank.
An update on SARS-CoV-2 immunization and future directions
Authors: Rana Rashmi , Kant Ravi , Kumra Tanya , Gupta Sneha , Rana Devinder Singh , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar
Published: March 2023

Millions of people have died as a result of SARS-CoV-2, which was first discovered in China and has since spread globally. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may show a range of symptoms, including fever, coughing, and shortness of breath, or they may show no symptoms at all. To treat COVID-19 symptoms and avoid serious infections, many medications and vaccinations have been employed. However, to entirely eradicate COVID-19 from the world, next-generation vaccine research is required because of the devastating consequences it is having for humanity and every nation’s economy. Scientists are working hard to eradicate this dangerous virus across the world. SARS-CoV-2 has also undergone significant mutation, leading to distinct viral types such as the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron variants. This has sparked discussion about the effectiveness of current vaccines for the newly formed variants. A proper comparison of these vaccinations is required to compare their efficacy as the number of people immunized against SARS-CoV-2 globally increases. Population-level statistics evaluating the capacity of these vaccines to reduce infection are therefore being developed. In this paper, we analyze the many vaccines on the market in terms of their production process, price, dosage needed, and efficacy. This article also discusses the challenges of achieving herd immunity, the likelihood of reinfection, and the importance of convalescent plasma therapy in reducing infection.
Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry
Authors: Dogra Amandeep , Kumar Jitender
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption remain more significant obstacles in clinical trials. Therefore, drug combinations of new phytochemical compounds, phytonanomedicine, semi-synthetic, and synthetic analogs should be considered to supplement the existing cancer therapies. It is also crucial to consider different strategies for increased production of phytochemical bioactive substances. The primary goal of this review is to highlight several bioactive anticancer phytochemical compounds found in plants, preclinical research, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs, and clinical trials. Additionally, biotechnological and metabolic engineering strategies are explored to enhance the production of bioactive phytochemical compounds. Ligands and their interactions with their putative targets are also explored through molecular docking studies. Therefore, emphasis is given to gathering comprehensive data regarding modern biotechnology, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, andin silicotools.
Simulation and experimental investigation on the wavefront correction performance of a dual magnetic connection deformable mirror under high-power laser irradiation
Authors: Zheng Yamin , Zhuang Yongchen , Lin Shibing , Wang Deen , Zhang Yifan , Huang Lei
Published: March 2023

Deformable mirrors (DMs) are widely used in high-power laser systems to improve the output beam quality. However, under high-power laser irradiation, the heat accumulates on the DM mirror surface and results in high-power laser induced distortions (LID), which will degrade the wavefront correction performance of the DM. In order to suppress the negative impact of the LID on the DM’s performance, we introduce the dual magnetic connection DM (DDM), in which the mirror and the base are connected by two-layer magnets. Configuration of the DDM is presented. The simulation is established to analyze the LID characteristics as well as the wavefront correction performance of the DDM. An experiment is established to investigate the LID of the DDM in practical conditions. Simulation and experiment results indicate that under high-power laser irradiation, the DDM could effectively suppress the LID and maintain good wavefront correction capability.
The effects of different daily irradiance profiles on Arabidopsis growth, with special attention to the role of PsbS
Authors: Schiphorst Christo , Koeman Cas , Caracciolo Ludovico , Staring Koen , Theeuwen Tom P. J. M. , Driever Steven M. , Harbinson Jeremy , Wientjes Emilie
Published: March 2023

In nature, light is never constant, while in the controlled environments used for vertical farming, in vitro propagation, or plant production for scientific research, light intensity is often kept constant during the photoperiod. To investigate the effects on plant growth of varying irradiance during the photoperiod, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana under three irradiance profiles: a square-wave profile, a parabolic profile with gradually increasing and subsequently decreasing irradiance, and a regime comprised of rapid fluctuations in irradiance. The daily integral of irradiance was the same for all three treatments. Leaf area, plant growth rate, and biomass at time of harvest were compared. Plants grown under the parabolic profile had the highest growth rate and biomass. This could be explained by a higher average light-use efficiency for carbon dioxide fixation. Furthermore, we compared the growth of wild type plants with that of the PsbS-deficient mutant npq4. PsbS triggers the fast non-photochemical quenching process (qE) that protects PSII from photodamage during sudden increases in irradiance. Based mainly on field and greenhouse experiments, the current consensus is that npq4 mutants grow more slowly in fluctuating light. However, our data show that this is not the case for several forms of fluctuating light conditions under otherwise identical controlled-climate room conditions.
Identification of Camellia oleifera WRKY transcription factor genes and functional characterization of CoWRKY78
Authors: Li Jingbin , Xiong Chaowei , Ruan Dong , Du Wei , Li He , Ruan Chengjiang
Published: March 2023

Camellia oleifera Abel is a highly valued woody edible oil tree, which is endemic to China. It has great economic value because C. oleifera seed oil contains a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. C. oleifera anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, poses a serious threat to C. oleifera growth and yield and causes the benefit of the C. oleifera industry to suffer directly. The WRKY transcription factor family members have been widely characterized as vital regulators in plant response to pathogen infection. Until now, the number, type and biological function of C. oleifera WRKY genes are remains unknown. Here, we identified 90 C. oleifera WRKY members, which were distributed across 15 chromosomes. C. oleifera WRKY gene expansion was mainly attributed to segmental duplication. We performed transcriptomic analyses to verify the expression patterns of CoWRKYs between anthracnose-resistant and -susceptible cultivars of C. oleifera. These results demonstrated that multiple candidate CoWRKYs can be induced by anthracnose and provide useful clues for their functional studies. CoWRKY78, an anthracnose-induced WRKY gene, was isolated from C. oleifera. It was significantly down-regulated in anthracnose-resistant cultivars. Overexpression of CoWRKY78 in tobacco markedly reduced resistance to anthracnose than WT plants, as evidenced by more cell death, higher malonaldehyde content and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Furthermore, the expression of multiple stress-related genes, which are associated with ROS-homeostasis (NtSOD and NtPOD), pathogen challenge (NtPAL), and pathogen defense (NtPR1, NtNPR1, and NtPDF1.2) were altered in the CoWRKY78-overexpressing plants. These findings increase our understanding of the CoWRKY genes and lay the foundation for the exploration of anthracnose resistance mechanisms and expedite the breeding of anthracnose-resistant C. oleifera cultivars.
Control of the rhizobium–legume symbiosis by the plant nitrogen demand is tightly integrated at the whole plant level and requires inter-organ systemic signaling
Authors: Lepetit Marc , Brouquisse Renaud
Published: March 2023

Symbiotic nodules formed on legume roots with rhizobia fix atmospheric N2. Bacteria reduce N2 to NH4+ that is assimilated into amino acids by the plant. In return, the plant provides photosynthates to fuel the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Symbiosis is tightly adjusted to the whole plant nutritional demand and to the plant photosynthetic capacities, but regulatory circuits behind this control remain poorly understood. The use of split-root systems combined with biochemical, physiological, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and genetic approaches revealed that multiple pathways are acting in parallel. Systemic signaling mechanisms of the plant N demand are required for the control of nodule organogenesis, mature nodule functioning, and nodule senescence. N-satiety/N-deficit systemic signaling correlates with rapid variations of the nodules’ sugar levels, tuning symbiosis by C resources allocation. These mechanisms are responsible for the adjustment of plant symbiotic capacities to the mineral N resources. On the one hand, if mineral N can satisfy the plant N demand, nodule formation is inhibited, and nodule senescence is activated. On the other hand, local conditions (abiotic stresses) may impair symbiotic activity resulting in plant N limitation. In these conditions, systemic signaling may compensate the N deficit by stimulating symbiotic root N foraging. In the past decade, several molecular components of the systemic signaling pathways controlling nodule formation have been identified, but a major challenge remains, that is, to understand their specificity as compared to the mechanisms of non-symbiotic plants that control root development and how they contribute to the whole plant phenotypes. Less is known about the control of mature nodule development and functioning by N and C nutritional status of the plant, but a hypothetical model involving the sucrose allocation to the nodule as a systemic signaling process, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and the redox status as potential effectors of this signaling is emerging. This work highlights the importance of organism integration in plant biology.
ZmG6PDH1 in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family enhances cold stress tolerance in maize
Authors: Li Xin , Cai Quan , Yu Tao , Li Shujun , Li Sinan , Li Yunlong , Sun Yan , Ren Honglei , Zhang Jiajia , Zhao Ying , Zhang Jianguo , Zuo Yuhu
Published: March 2023

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway responsible for the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), thereby playing a central role in facilitating cellular responses to stress and maintaining redox homeostasis. This study aimed to characterize five G6PDH gene family members in maize. The classification of these ZmG6PDHs into plastidic and cytosolic isoforms was enabled by phylogenetic and transit peptide predictive analyses and confirmed by subcellular localization imaging analyses using maize mesophyll protoplasts. These ZmG6PDH genes exhibited distinctive expression patterns across tissues and developmental stages. Exposure to stressors, including cold, osmotic stress, salinity, and alkaline conditions, also significantly affected the expression and activity of the ZmG6PDHs, with particularly high expression of a cytosolic isoform (ZmG6PDH1) in response to cold stress and closely correlated with G6PDH enzymatic activity, suggesting that it may play a central role in shaping responses to cold conditions. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ZmG6PDH1 on the B73 background led to enhanced cold stress sensitivity. Significant changes in the redox status of the NADPH, ascorbic acid (ASA), and glutathione (GSH) pools were observed after exposure of the zmg6pdh1 mutants to cold stress, with this disrupted redox balance contributing to increased production of reactive oxygen species and resultant cellular damage and death. Overall, these results highlight the importance of cytosolic ZmG6PDH1 in supporting maize resistance to cold stress, at least in part by producing NADPH that can be used by the ASA-GSH cycle to mitigate cold-induced oxidative damage.
Development and application of crude sap-based recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the detection and occurrence of grapevine geminivirus A in Indian grapevine cultivars
Authors: Kishan Gopi , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Susheel Kumar , Srivastava Nishant , Gupta Nitika , Kumar Ashwini , Baranwal Virendra Kumar
Published: March 2023

Geminiviruses are known to infect several fields and horticultural crops around the globe. Grapevine geminivirus A (GGVA) was reported in the United States in 2017, and since then, it has been reported in several countries. The complete genome recovered through high-throughput sequencing (HTS)-based virome analysis in Indian grapevine cultivars had all of the six open reading frames (ORFs) and a conserved nonanucleotide sequence 5′-TAATATTAC-3′ similar to all other geminiviruses. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), an isothermal amplification technique, was developed for the detection of GGVA in grapevine samples employing crude sap lysed in 0.5 M NaOH solution and compared with purified DNA/cDNA as a template. One of the key advantages of this assay is that it does not require any purification or isolation of the viral DNA and can be performed in a wide range of temperatures (18°C–46°C) and periods (10–40 min), which makes it a rapid and cost-effective method for the detection of GGVA in grapevine. The developed assay has a sensitivity up to 0.1 fg μl-1 using crude plant sap as a template and detected GGVA in several grapevine cultivars of a major grapevine-growing area. Because of its simplicity and rapidity, it can be replicated for other DNA viruses infecting grapevine and will be a very useful technique for certification and surveillance in different grapevine-growing regions of the country.
Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes related to seed coat color in rapeseed
Authors: Guan Mingwei , Shi Xiangtian , Chen Si , Wan Yuanyuan , Tang Yunshan , Zhao Tian , Gao Lei , Sun Fujun , Yin Nengwen , Zhao Huiyan , Lu Kun , Li Jiana , Qu Cunmin
Published: March 2023

Yellow seed coat in rapeseed (Brassica napus) is a desirable trait that can be targeted to improve the quality of this oilseed crop. To better understand the inheritance mechanism of the yellow-seeded trait, we performed transcriptome profiling of developing seeds in yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed with different backgrounds. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during seed development showed significant characteristics, these genes were mainly enriched for the Gene Ontology (GO) terms carbohydrate metabolic process, lipid metabolic process, photosynthesis, and embryo development. Moreover, 1206 and 276 DEGs, which represent candidates to be involved in seed coat color, were identified between yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed during the middle and late stages of seed development, respectively. Based on gene annotation, GO enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction network analysis, the downregulated DEGs were primarily enriched for the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Notably, 25 transcription factors (TFs) involved in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, including known (e.g., KNAT7, NAC2, TTG2 and STK) and predicted TFs (e.g., C2H2-like, bZIP44, SHP1, and GBF6), were identified using integrated gene regulatory network (iGRN) and weight gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA). These candidate TF genes had differential expression profiles between yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed, suggesting they might function in seed color formation by regulating genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Thus, our results provide in-depth insights that facilitate the exploration of candidate gene function in seed development. In addition, our data lay the foundation for revealing the roles of genes involved in the yellow-seeded trait in rapeseed.
Coping strategies and personal growth: The case of Palestinian refugees in Shatila camp, Lebanon
Authors: Al Beainy Sara , El Hassan Karma
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the relationship between coping strategies used by adolescent refugees in the Palestinian refugees’ Shatila camp in Lebanon and posttraumatic growth. Moreover, the study explored and predicted the impact of coping strategies utilized by adolescent Palestinians in Shatila camp, Lebanon on their personal growth and psychological well-being. Data were collected using two questionnaires and a checklist: (a) LEC-5 checklist as an assessment tool to make sure that all the participants have faced or experienced stressful events, (b) questionnaires including the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) to find out the style of coping refugees used, and (c) Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) to identify the factors of growth refugees developed as a result of using different coping strategies. Sixty adolescent refugees at one of the centers in the camp (31 females and 29 males) who benefited from counseling services participated in the study. Adolescent refugees’ performance on the checklist and questionnaires revealed the prevalence of stressors among the refugees. The coping strategies mostly utilized were problem-focused coping strategies, as there was a correlation between its factors and some coping strategies, and there were coping strategies used that predict the development of growth among. Finally, as for the counseling and training programs and services, interventions and guidance services seem to better prepare refugees to handle and cope with the stress that they encounter to develop personal growth.
Materialism and envy as mediators between upward social comparison on social network sites and online compulsive buying among college students
Authors: Ling Yi , Gao Bin , Jiang Bo , Fu Changqing , Zhang Juan
Published: March 2023

Upward social comparison on Social Network Sites (SNS) might be positively related to online compulsive buying; however, there is little understanding of the mechanism of this relationship. In this study, we explored the effect of upward social comparison on SNS on online compulsive buying, and whether this effect is mediated by materialism and envy. A total of 568 Chinese undergraduates (mean age = 19.58 years, SD = 1.43) were recruited to complete a survey that included Upward social comparison on SNS Scale, Materialism Scale, Envy Scale, and Online compulsive buying Scale. The results revealed that upward social comparison was positively linked to online compulsive buying. Additionally, materialism and envy completely mediated this relationship. Our findings suggest that upward social comparison has a positive influence on college students’ online compulsive buying and that this influence is formed through a combination of cognitive factors (materialism) and affective factors (envy). This discovery not only clarifies the underlying mechanism but also proposes a potential way of alleviating online compulsive buying.
A comparison between the preferences for oral corrective feedback of teachers and students of Chinese as a second language
Authors: Bao Rui , Wang Hui
Published: March 2023

This study reports on the preferences of teachers and students of Chinese as a second language (CSL) for corrective feedback (CF) and the reasons underlying their preferences. Data was collected from 328 students and 46 teachers through a questionnaire and interviews, and the results showed that CSL students had a strong overall preference for explicit correction and metalinguistic clues, while teachers favored recasts. Moreover, students and teachers significantly varied in their preferences for metalinguistic clues, explicit correction, and clarification requests across error types. A difference was also identified in recasts regarding phonological and lexical errors. Explanations for these variations are attributed to the characteristics of the Chinese language, learner proficiency, teachers’ entrenched beliefs in teaching, and the features of some given CF types. Additionally, the interview data also revealed the different reasons that teachers and students consider when it comes to CF provision. Finally, pedagogical implications for language teachers are discussed.
Global trends in depression among patients living with HIV: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Du Xiaoyu , Zhang Qian , Hao Jiaqi , Gong Xilong , Liu Jing , Chen Jia
Published: March 2023

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related depression has seriously affected the quality of life and treatment outcomes of patients living with HIV (PLWH), which has become a hot topic in recent years. This study aims to discover the main keywords, predict frontier topics, and give meaningful suggestions for researchers by bibliometric analysis.

Methods

Publications between 1999 and 2022 on depression in HIV/AIDS were searched in the Web of Science core collection. Microsoft Excel 2010 and VOSviewer were utilized to key contributors (e.g., authors, journals, institutions, and countries). VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze the knowledge evolution, collaborative maps, hot topics, and keywords trends in this field.

Results

In total, 8,190 publications were included in the final analysis. From 1999 to 2021, the number of published articles roughly presents a steadily increasing trend. The United States, South Africa, and the United Kingdom were three key contributing countries/regions to this field. University Calif San Francisco (United States), University Calif Los Angeles (United States), and Johns Hopkins University (United States) were three key contributing institutions. Safren, Steven A. was the most productive and highest cited author. AIDS Care was the top prolific journal. Antiretroviral therapy and adherence, men has sex with men, mental health, substance abuse, stigma, and Sub-Saharan Africa were the central topics regarding the depression-related research in HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion

This bibliometric analysis reported the publication trend, major contributing countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals and mapped the knowledge network of depression-related research on HIV/AIDS. In this field, topics such as “adherence,” “mental health,” “substance abuse,” “stigma,” “men who have sex with men” and “South Africa” have attracted considerable attention.
Advancing a cross-cultural understanding of teacher perceptions of school climate: A latent class analysis using 2018 TALIS data
Authors: Zhao Mingren , Jin Rui
Published: March 2023

In recent years, school climate has increasingly received research attention. Most studies have focused only on student perceptions of school climate, whereas little is known regarding teachers’ views, and cross-country comparisons are scarce. To advance cross-country understanding of teacher perceptions of school climate, this study used data from the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Study (TALIS) to explore latent classes of teacher perceptions and compared differences between American, Finnish, and Chinese teachers. Latent class analysis revealed that a four-class solution was the most appropriate for each teacher subsample: positive participation and teacher-student relation, positive teacher-student relation, moderate, and low participation for the U.S. and China datasets, while positive teacher-student relation, moderate, negative discipline, and low participation for the Finland dataset. However, measurement invariance across countries was violated. We further investigated the impact of predictors on latent classes of teacher perceptions of school climate. The results revealed varied patterns of cross-cultural differences across countries. Our findings implied that a more reliable and valid scale of teacher perceptions of school climate for cross-country comparison is needed. Tailored interventions are necessary as more than half of teachers perceived moderate and less desired school climate, and educators should consider cultural differences when drawing on experiences from other countries.
Emotions in self-regulated learning: A critical literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Juan , Lajoie Susanne , Li Shan
Published: March 2023

Emotion has been recognized as an important component in the framework of self-regulated learning (SRL) over the past decade. Researchers explore emotions and SRL at two levels. Emotions are studied as traits or states, whereas SRL is deemed functioning at two levels: Person and Task × Person. However, limited research exists on the complex relationships between emotions and SRL at the two levels. Theoretical inquiries and empirical evidence about the role of emotions in SRL remain somewhat fragmented. This review aims to illustrate the role of both trait and state emotions in SRL at Person and Task × Person levels. Moreover, we conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize 23 empirical studies that were published between 2009 and 2020 to seek evidence about the role of emotions in SRL. An integrated theoretical framework of emotions in SRL is proposed based on the review and the meta-analysis. We propose several research directions that deserve future investigation, including collecting multimodal multichannel data to capture emotions and SRL. This paper lays a solid foundation for developing a comprehensive understanding of the role of emotions in SRL and asking important questions for future investigation.
Association between clustering of unhealthy behaviors and depressive symptom among adolescents in Taiwan: A nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bui Chung , Lin Li-Yin , Lin Chun-Ji , Chiu Ya-Wen , Chiou Hung-Yi
Published: March 2023

Background

Among Taiwanese adolescents, how the clustering of unhealthy behaviors, including insufficient physical activity, screen-based sedentary behavior and frequent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption affecting depressive symptom remains unclear. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between clustering of unhealthy behaviors and depressive symptom.

Methods

We analyzed 18,509 participants from the baseline survey of the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Survey in 2015. The outcome was depressive symptoms, and the main exposures were insufficient physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviors and frequent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Generalized linear mixed models were performed to find key factor associated with depressive symptom.

Results

Depressive symptoms were common among participants (31.4%), particularly in female and older adolescents. After adjustments for covariates including sex, school type, other lifestyle factors and social determinants, individuals exhibiting clustering of unhealthy behaviors were more likely (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.48–1.58) to exhibit depressive symptoms than those who have no or only one unhealthy behavior.

Conclusions

Clustering of unhealthy behaviors is positively associated with depressive symptom among Taiwanese adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening public health interventions to improve physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors.
Influence mechanism and impacting boundary of workplace isolation on the employee's negative behaviors
Authors: Yang Ya-Juan , Lu Lei
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Based on social identity theory, by introducing organizational identification as mediating variable and identification orientation as moderating variable, this paper studies the influence mechanism and impacting boundary of workplace isolation on employee fatigue and turnover intention.

Methods

Based on logic relationship, seven basic hypotheses are put forward to construct the theoretical model of the problem. Based on the 300 effective questionnaires being obtained from employees in Mainland China, the empirical investigation adopts the three-phase lag time design. By regression analysis and bootstrap test.

Results

(1) Workplace isolation has a significant positive effect on employee's work fatigue; (2) Workplace isolation has a significant positive effect on employee's turnover intention; (3) Organizational identification plays a partial mediating role between workplace isolation and work fatigue; (4) Organizational identification plays a partial mediating role between workplace isolation and employee's turnover intention; (5) Employee identification orientation negatively moderates the relationship between workplace isolation and organizational identification, that is to say, the higher the degree of identification orientation, the more inhibited the negative impact of workplace isolation on organizational identification; (6) Employee identification orientation has a negative moderating effect, namely, compared with the low degree of employee identification orientation, the higher the employee identification orientation, the positive effect of workplace isolation on work fatigue and turnover intention through organizational identification become weaker.

Discussion

Understanding these influencing mechanisms will have a great influence on guiding managers to mitigate the negative effects of “workplace isolation” in practice and improve the work efficiency of employees.
Association between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory health in Guangzhou: An ecological study investigating source, health risk, and effect
Authors: Zheng Yi , Chen Sili , Chen Yuyang , Li Jingye , Xu Binhe , Shi Tongxing , Yang Qiaoyuan
Published: March 2023

Background

The adverse effects of 2.5-μm particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on public health have become an increasing concern worldwide. However, epidemiological findings on the effects of PM2.5-bound metals on children's respiratory health are limited and inconsistent because PM2.5 is a complicated mixture.

Objectives

Given the vulnerability of children's respiratory system, aim to pediatric respiratory health, this study evaluated the potential sources, health risks, and acute health effects of ambient PM2.5-bound metals among children in Guangzhou, China from January 2017 to December 2019.

Methods

Potential sources of PM2.5-bound metals were detected using positive matrix factorization (PMF). A health risk assessment was conducted to investigate the inhalation risk of PM2.5-bound metals in children. The associations between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits were examined with a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model (GAM).

Results

During 2017–2019, the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 was 53.39 μg/m3, and the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5-bound metals range 0.03 ng/m3 [thorium (Th) and beryllium (Be)] from to 396.40 ng/m3 [iron (Fe)]. PM2.5-bound metals were mainly contributed by motor vehicles and street dust. PM2.5-bound arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr)(VI), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were found to pose a carcinogenic risk (CR). A quasi-Poisson GAM was constructed that showed there were significant associations between PM2.5 concentrations and pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. PM2.5 was significantly associated with pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Moreover, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in Ni, Cr(VI), Ni, and As concentrations, the corresponding pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases increased by 2.89% (95% CI: 2.28–3.50%), acute upper respiratory infections (AURIs) increased by 2.74% (2.13–3.35%), influenza and pneumonia (FLU&PN) increased by 23.36% (20.09–26.72%), and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) increased by 16.86% (15.16–18.60%), respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound As, Cd, Co, Cr(VI), Ni, and Pb had adverse effects on pediatric respiratory health during the study period. New strategies are required to decrease the production of PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound metals by motor vehicles and to reduce levels of street dust to reduce children's exposure to these pollutants and thereby increase child health.
Work-related posttraumatic stress disorder in paramedics in comparison to data from the general population of working age. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoell Andreas , Kourmpeli Eirini , Dressing Harald
Published: March 2023

Objective

Paramedics are at particularly high risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Hitherto, evidence for higher prevalence rates in paramedics compared to the general population is vague. We aimed to determine and compare 12-month prevalence of PTSD in paramedics and general population from high-income countries.

Methods

We conducted systematic review processes to identify relevant studies for inclusion. For paramedics, we searched relevant databases, reference lists, and did citation tracking. Inclusion criteria were applied according to PICO. Quality of the studies was assessed using a validated methodological rating tool. Twelve-month prevalence data from all studies were pooled using random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity.

Results

In total, we found 41 distinct samples with 17,045 paramedics, 55 samples with 311,547 individuals from non-exposed general population, 39 samples with 118,806 individuals from populations affected by natural disasters, and 22 samples with 99,222 individuals from populations affected by human-made disasters. Pooled 12-month prevalence estimates of PTSD were 20.0, 3.1, 15.6, and 12.0%, respectively. Prevalence estimates in paramedics varied with methodological quality and measurement instrument. Paramedics reporting distinct critical incidences had lower pooled prevalence than paramedics reporting indistinct types of exposure.

Conclusion

Paramedics have a pooled prevalence of PTSD that is considerably higher than rates of unexposed general population and populations affected by human-made disasters. Chronic exposure to low-threshold traumatic events during daily routine work is a risk factor for developing PTSD. Strategies to ensure long working lifetime are strongly needed.
Potential and weak links in the management of tuberculosis by Pakistani private pharmacy staff
Authors: Balquis Fatima , Sohail Muhammad Farhan , Hamid Huma , Ullah Waseem , Khan Amer Hayat , Shahnaz Gul
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The emergence of MDR-TB is a global threat and an obstacle to the effective control of TB in Pakistan. A lack of proper TB knowledge among the staff in private pharmacies and the sale of compromised quality anti-TB drugs are the main instigators of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the quality and storage conditions of fixed-dose combination (FDC) anti-TB drugs along with the awareness of staff working in private pharmacies regarding the identification of potential patients with TB and dispensing the inappropriate treatment regimens contributing to MDR-TB.

Methods

The study is completed in two phases. In phase I a cross-sectional study is performed using two quantitative research designs, i.e., exploratory and descriptive, to evaluate the knowledge of private pharmacy staff. The sample of 218 pharmacies was selected. While in phase II cross sectional survey is conducted in 10 facilities from where FDC anti TB drugs were sampled for analyzing their quality.

Result

Results revealed the presence of pharmacists only at 11.5% of pharmacies. Approximately 81% of staff at pharmacies had no awareness of MDR-TB, while 89% of pharmacies had no TB-related informative materials. The staff identified that most of the patients with TB (70%) were of poor socio-economic class, which restricted their purchase of four FDCs only up to 2–3 months. Only 23% were acquainted with the Pakistan National TB Program (NTP). Except for MDR-TB, the results showed a significant correlation between the experiences of staff with TB awareness. Findings from the quality evaluation of four FDC-TB drugs indicated that the dissolution and content assay of rifampicin were not according to the specifications, and overall, 30% of samples failed to comply with specifications. However, the other quality attributes were within the limits.

Conclusion

In light of the data, it can be concluded that private pharmacies could be crucial to the effective management of NTP through the timely identification of patients with TB, appropriate disease and therapy-related education and counseling, and proper storage and stock maintenance.
How Cancer Cells Hijack Protein Production to Grow Quickly
Authors: Orellana Esteban A. , Gregory Richard I.
Published: March 2023

The cells in your body contain genes made of DNA. Genes store the genetic information passed on to you by your parents. This information serves as the recipe to make proteins, and proteins build, maintain, and heal every tissue in your body. The cellular machinery that makes proteins reads this recipe with the help of small molecules called transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which supply the necessary building blocks in the correct order to construct specific proteins. To function properly, tRNAs must fold into the correct three-dimensional shape—a process that requires tRNA to be decorated with chemical modifications. Scientists have discovered that cancer hijacks and boosts this decorating process for its own benefit, favoring the production of proteins involved in cell division. This is an exciting finding because it could allow for the development of better ways to diagnose and treat cancers in the future.
PINE-RT: An operational real-time plasmasphere model
Authors: Bianco Stefano , Haas Bernhard , Shprits Yuri Y.
Published: March 2023

The plasmasphere is a region of cold and dense plasma around the Earth, corotating with the Earth. Its plasma density is very dynamic under the influence of the solar wind and it influences several processes such as the GPS navigation, the surface charging of the satellites and the propagation and growth of plasma waves. In this manuscript, we present a new machine-learning model of the equatorial plasma density depending only on the Kp index and the solar-wind properties at the L1 Lagrange point. We call this model PINE-RT as it has been inspired by the recently-introduced PINE (Plasma density in the Inner magnetosphere Neural network-based Empirical) model and it has been developed to run in real-time (RT) in the context of the PAGER project. This project is an EU Horizon 2020 project aiming at forecasting the threats of satellite charging as a consequence of the solar activity 1–2 days ahead. In PAGER, the Kp index and the solar-wind properties at L1 are the inputs which are made available for the plasmasphere modeling. We report here the detailed derivation of the PINE-RT model and its validation and comparison with two state-of-the-art machine-learning and physics-based models. The model is currently running in real-time and its predictions are publicly available.
Key role of microsurgical dissections on cadaveric specimens in neurosurgical training: Setting up a new research anatomical laboratory and defining neuroanatomical milestones
Authors: Fava Arianna , Gorgoglione Nicola , De Angelis Michelangelo , Esposito Vincenzo , di Russo Paolo
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Neurosurgery is one of the most complex surgical disciplines where psychomotor skills and deep anatomical and neurological knowledge find their maximum expression. A long period of preparation is necessary to acquire a solid theoretical background and technical skills, improve manual dexterity and visuospatial ability, and try and refine surgical techniques. Moreover, both studying and surgical practice are necessary to deeply understand neuroanatomy, the relationships between structures, and the three-dimensional (3D) orientation that is the core of neurosurgeons' preparation. For all these reasons, a microsurgical neuroanatomy laboratory with human cadaveric specimens results in a unique and irreplaceable training tool that allows the reproduction of patients' positions, 3D anatomy, tissues' consistencies, and step-by-step surgical procedures almost identical to the real ones.

Methods

We describe our experience in setting up a new microsurgical neuroanatomy lab (IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy), focusing on the development of training activity programs and microsurgical milestones useful to train the next generation of surgeons. All the required materials and instruments were listed.

Results

Six competency levels were designed according to the year of residency, with training exercises and procedures defined for each competency level: (1) soft tissue dissections, bone drilling, and microsurgical suturing; (2) basic craniotomies and neurovascular anatomy; (3) white matter dissection; (4) skull base transcranial approaches; (5) endoscopic approaches; and (6) microanastomosis. A checklist with the milestones was provided.

Discussion

Microsurgical dissection of human cadaveric specimens is the optimal way to learn and train on neuroanatomy and neurosurgical procedures before performing them safely in the operating room. We provided a “neurosurgery booklet” with progressive milestones for neurosurgical residents. This step-by-step program may improve the quality of training and guarantee equal skill acquisition across countries. We believe that more efforts should be made to create new microsurgical laboratories, popularize the importance of body donation, and establish a network between universities and laboratories to introduce a compulsory operative training program.