bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular interaction energies and optimal configuration of a cubane dimer
Authors: Nikolaev Alexander V. , Verberck Bart , Ionova Galina V.
Published: April 2009

We have studied the dependence of the binding energy of a cubane dimer on the mutual orientation of and the distance between the composing monomers employing the second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation scheme (MP2) with the cc‐pVDZ molecular basis set. We have found that the MP2 contribution from the molecular correlations is responsible for the bound state of the cubane dimer, whereas the Hartree–Fock contribution remains anti‐bonding at all intermolecular distances. Starting with two molecules in the standard orientation and centers of mass at (0,0,0) and (0,0,d), respectively, the maximal binding energy is found at d = 5.125 Å and one of the monomers rotated by 45° about the z‐axis. This configuration implies that the hydrogen atoms belonging to different monomers tend to repel each other. The results are in agreement with experimental data on the optimal packing of cubane molecules in the solid state. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Convergence acceleration techniques for non‐Hermitian SCF problems
Authors: Salvador Pedro
Published: April 2009

Conventional convergence acceleration techniques for the SCF procedure like the direct inversion in the iterative subspace and the level‐shifting can not be applied in the general case of non‐Hermitian Fock operators. The commutator of the Fock matrix and the density matrix do not vanish upon convergence of non‐Hermitian SCF equations and hence the usual error vector choice is not applicable. In this work we describe in detail the implementation of these convergence acceleration techniques for the non‐Hermitian case. We focus in particular in the solution of the CHA‐SCF equations (arising from the application of the chemical Hamiltonian approach at the Hartree–Fock level of theory), but it can be generalized to any non‐Hermitian SCF problem. It is shown that a general commutation relationship combining the right and left eigenvectors of the Fock matrix is appropriate as error vector. In a similar fashion, level‐shifting techniques of the virtual orbitals can be easily implemented as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
International operations and sustainable development: Should national culture matter?
Authors: Vachon Stephan
Published: April 2009

As manufacturers around the world have seen an increasing number of opportunities to produce abroad and to source from low cost regions, they also have had to address growing pressure from non‐governmental organizations, consumer groups and even the population in general regarding sustainable development. This paper examines the conjuncture of these two trends by assessing the linkage between national culture and corporate sustainable development practices in 55 countries. The results suggest that two of Hofstede's national culture dimensions are linked to a higher degree of sustainable practices by corporations. In particular, a nation's high degree of individualism and uncertainty avoidance were both related to green corporatism, environmental innovation, fair labor practices and corporate social involvement. The results provide managers with another tool in making decisions about offshoring, global sourcing and international production expansion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Have Neurovascular Tropism and Improve Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kim Hyongbum , Park Jong-seon , Choi Yong Jin , Kim Mee-Ohk , Huh Yang Hoon , Kim Sung-Whan , Han Ji Woong , Lee JiYoon , Kim Sinae , Houge Mackenzie A. , Ii Masaaki , Yoon Young-sup
Published: April 2009

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMNCs) have been shown to effectively treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Because diabetic neuropathy (DN) is causally associated with impaired angiogenesis and deficiency of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors in the nerves, we investigated whether DN can be ameliorated by local injection of BMNCs. Severe peripheral neuropathy, characterized by a significant decrease in the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCVs), developed 12 weeks after the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin in rats. The injection of BMNCs restored motor and sensory NCVs to normal levels and significantly improved vascular density and blood flow in diabetic nerves over 4 weeks. Fluorescent microscopic observation revealed that DiI-labeled BMNCs preferentially engrafted in sciatic nerves. Whole-mount fluorescent imaging and confocal microscopic evaluation demonstrated that many of the BMNCs localized following the course of the vasa nervorum in close proximity to blood vessels without incorporation into vasa nervorum as endothelial cells at a detectable level. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the levels of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors were significantly increased in the nerves by BMNC injection. Local transplantation of BMNCs improved experimental DN by augmenting angiogenesis and increasing angiogenic and neurotrophic factors in peripheral nerves. These findings suggest that BMNC transplantation may represent a novel therapeutic option for treating DN.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Zinc Finger Protein 191 (ZNF191/Zfp191) Is Necessary to Maintain Neural Cells As Cycling Progenitors
Authors: Khalfallah Olfa , Ravassard Philippe , Lagache Che Serguera , Fligny Cécile , Serre Angéline , Bayard Elisa , Faucon-Biguet Nicole , Mallet Jacques , Meloni Rolando , Nardelli Jeannette
Published: April 2009

The identification of the factors that allow better monitoring of stem cell renewal and differentiation is of paramount importance for the implementation of new regenerative therapies, especially with regard to the nervous and hematopoietic systems. In this article, we present new information on the function of zinc finger protein 191 (ZNF/Zfp191), a factor isolated in hematopoietic cell lines, within progenitors of the central nervous system (CNS). ZNF/Zfp191 has been found to be principally expressed in progenitors of the developing CNS of humans and mice. Such an overlap of the expression patterns in addition to the high homology of the protein in mammals suggested that ZNF/Zfp191 exerts a conserved function within such progenitors. Indeed, ZNF191 knockdown in human neural progenitors inhibits proliferation and leads to the exit of the cell cycle. Conversely, ZNF191 misexpression maintains progenitors in cycle and exerts negative control on the Notch pathway, which prevents them from differentiating. The present data, together with the fact that the inactivation of Zfp191 leads to embryonic lethality, confirm ZNF191 as an essential factor acting for the promotion of the cell cycle and thus maintenance in the progenitor stage. On the bases of expression data, such a function can be extended to progenitor cells of other tissues such as the hematopoietic system, which emphasizes the important issue of further understanding the molecular events controlled by ZNF/Zfp191.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Prognostic Factors and Analysis of S100a4 Protein in Resected Pulmonary Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bandiera Alessandro , Melloni Giulio , Freschi Massimo , Giovanardi Michele , Carretta Angelo , Borri Anna , Ciriaco Paola , Zannini Piero
Published: April 2009

Background

This study analyzes our experience with pulmonary resection for metastases from renal cell carcinoma. The goals were to search for factors influencing prognosis and to investigate the presence and the prognostic value of S100A4 protein in lung metastases and corresponding primary renal tumors.

Methods

Sixty‐five patients underwent surgical resection for renal and pulmonary lesions between 1992 and 2007. S100A4 protein expression was immunohistochemically examined in the peritumoral infiltrate of 64 lesions (32 metastases and the 32 corresponding primary carcinomas).

Results

Overall 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates were 58, 46, and 25%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that surgical radicality (p = 0.0039) and stratification into groups according to the International Registry of Lung Metastases classification (p = 0.0137) were prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis confirmed that this classification was a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.01). All metastases and the corresponding primary carcinomas expressed S100A4 protein. Twenty‐one metastases (66%) had weak expression and 11 (34%) had strong expression. Twelve (37.5%) primary lesions had weak expression and 20 (62.5%) had strong expression. The 5‐year survival rate for patients with strong expression in primary carcinoma was 41%, significantly lower than that of patients with weak expression (78%; p = 0.05).

Conclusions

Pulmonary resection in metastatic renal cell carcinoma results in long‐term survival. Complete resection and stratification into groups according to the International Registry of Lung Metastases classification were prognostic factors. Overexpression of S100A4 protein in primary tumors was correlated with a poor prognosis. If confirmed in larger studies this finding could be used to schedule adjuvant treatments in patients undergoing nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.
Characteristics of Bile Duct Carcinoma with Superficial Extension in the Epithelium
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Sumida Yorihisa , Tobinaga Syuuichi , Abo Takafumi , Takeshita Hiroaki , Sawai Terumitsu , Hidaka Shigekazu , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Nagayasu Takeshi
Published: April 2009

Background

Longitudinal tumor extension from the main tumor involves intramural or superficial spread along the bile duct, which influences surgical curability. Identifying the range of superficial extension is difficult by preoperative imaging. To clarify specific characteristics of bile duct carcinoma (BDC) with superficial extension of epithelium in the bile duct, we examined clinicopathologic features and patient outcomes in BDC patients with or without superficial extension who underwent surgical resection.

Methods

Between 1994 and 2008, we retrospectively examined clinicopathologic findings and outcomes for 42 BDC patients who underwent surgical resection and divided them into two groups: (1) superficial extension (SE) group (n = 10); and (2) non‐SE group (n = 32).

Results

In terms of macroscopic growth of the main tumor, the papillary type was more common in the SE group than in the non‐SE group, whereas the nodular type was dominant in the non‐SE group. The prevalence of cancer‐positive findings at the cut end of the bile duct was higher in the SE group. Portal vein invasion was not observed in the SE group, and the prevalence of regional lymph node metastasis was significantly greater in the non‐SE group than in the SE group. No patients died of cancer in the SE group, who tended to show better survival than the non‐SE group.

Conclusions

The present results suggest that a good prognosis may be achieved in BDC patients with SE when complete resection is accomplished.
Radiographic Evaluation of the Distal Radius Using Two Novel Biplanar “Pitch-and-Roll” Views: A Preliminary Cadaveric Study
Authors: Boyce Brandon M. , Ryu Jaiyoung
Published: April 2009

This study's objective was to compare the use of two biplanar angled radiographs versus standard posterioanterior (PA) and lateral radiographs in determining preservation of the articular space with regard to pin placement in the distal radius. Various combinations of inclination (pitch) and clockwise/counterclockwise rotation (roll) were used to determine the best view of the distal radius articular surface. Optimum visualization of the articular surface presented at 12° inclination plus 15° counterclockwise rotation for the PA view and 22° inclination and 15° counterclockwise rotation for the lateral view. Ten cadaveric forearms were dissected, and ten Kirschner wires (K-wires) were placed at specific surfaces of the distal radius. Each K-wire was countersunk 2 mm below the chondral surface so all K-wires resided within the subchondral bone. Each forearm was radiographed in four views; PA, lateral, pitch-and-roll PA (PR-PA), and pitch-and-roll lateral (PR-lateral). Four blinded reviewers evaluated the radiographs and marked whether they were certain, relatively certain, or uncertain that the K-wires did not penetrate into the articular space. Reviewers demonstrated significantly less uncertainty about intraarticular penetration ( p<0.005) with both the PR-PA and PR-lateral views compared with standard PA and lateral views. The biconcave nature of the distal radius makes it extremely difficult to visualize placement of hardware with respect to the articular surface using standard radiographs. The use of PR-PA and PR-lateral views significantly improves the surgeon's ability to judge the position of hardware in the distal radius compared to standard radiographic views, thus allowing for more meaningful clinical decision in postoperative radiographs.
Tacrolimus (FK506): Safety and Applications in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Tung Thomas H.
Published: April 2009

Tacrolimus (FK506) is a macrolide immunosuppressive drug that is approved for the prevention of allograft rejection. It is a standard component of immunosuppressive regimens currently in use for organ and reconstructive tissue transplants. The experimental literature has demonstrated potential efficacy in the management of other diseases for which transplantation does not play a role. The ability of tacrolimus to modulate the immune system and inhibit T cell activation provides a potential benefit for the treatment of disorders in which autoimmune phenomena are central to their pathogenesis such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Tacrolimus also has well-established neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties through both similar and different mechanisms that have been extensively demonstrated in both small and large animal models. However, as a potent immunosuppressive agent, it can cause serious adverse effects, some of which are irreversible and potentially life threatening. This article reviews its safety under different therapeutic requirements and applications in both allogeneic and autogenous tissue reconstruction.
Ung1p‐mediated uracil‐base excision repair in mitochondria is responsible for the petite formation in thymidylate deficient yeast
Authors: Chien Chia-Yi , Chou Chen-Kung , Su Jin-Yuan
Published: April 2009

The budding yeast CDC21 gene, which encodes thymidylate synthase, is crucial in the thymidylate biosynthetic pathway. Early studies revealed that high frequency of petites were formed in heat‐sensitive cdc21 mutants grown at the permissive temperature. However, the molecular mechanism involved in such petite formation is largely unknown. Here we used a yeast cdc21‐1 mutant to demonstrate that the mutant cells accumulated dUMP in the mitochondrial genome. When UNG1 (encoding uracil–DNA glycosylase) was deleted from cdc21‐1, we found that the ung1Δ cdc21‐1 double mutant reduced frequency of petite formation to the level found in wild‐type cells. We propose that the initiation of Ung1p‐mediated base excision repair in the uracil‐laden mitochondrial genome in a cdc21‐1 mutant is responsible for the mitochondrial petite mutations.
BRCA1 down‐regulates cellular levels of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Saha Tapas , Rih Jeong Keun , Rosen Eliot M.
Published: April 2009

Previous studies have shown that the breast cancer suppressor BRCA1 stimulates antioxidant gene expression and protects cells against oxidative stress. To further examine this important function, we tested whether BRCA1 could modulate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Wild‐type BRCA1 (but not a cancer‐associated mutant) significantly reduced ROS levels, determined by DCF fluorescence assays by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The BRCA1 and REF1 pathways for reduction of ROS levels appear to exhibit cross‐talk. BRCA1 also reduced the levels of protein nitration and H2O2‐induced oxidative damage to DNA. Thus, BRCA1 may protect cellular macromolecules by reducing intracellular ROS levels.
Episiotomy and perineal repair practices among obstetricians in Greece
Authors: Grigoriadis Themos , Athanasiou Stavros , Zisou Antonia , Antsaklis Aris
Published: April 2009

Objective

To assess current preferences regarding episiotomy and management of obstetric perineal injuries used by obstetricians in Greece, and to assess the impact of evidence‐based information on everyday practices.

Methods

A questionnaire survey of obstetricians regarding episiotomy use and the management of obstetric perineal injuries.

Results

Fifty‐one percent of obstetricians reported routinely performing an episiotomy during a normal vaginal delivery in primiparous women and 89% reported performing an episiotomy during vacuum‐assisted deliveries. Forty‐two percent of the respondents performed lateral, 44% mediolateral, and 14% midline episiotomies. Following an obstetric anal sphincter tear, half of the respondents recommended a vaginal delivery, regardless of bowel symptoms. There was significant heterogeneity of practices regarding the repair techniques of all obstetric perineal injuries.

Conclusion

The majority of obstetricians prefer to perform routine mediolateral and lateral episiotomies, for both normal and operative vaginal deliveries. The adoption of evidence‐based information should be implemented while considering working and cultural backgrounds.
Recommendations of the Neurolaryngology Study Group on laryngeal electromyography
Authors: Blitzer Andrew , Crumley Roger L. , Dailey Seth H. , Ford Charles N. , Floeter Mary Kay , Hillel Allen D. , Hoffmann Henry T. , Ludlow Christy L. , Merati Albert , Munin Michael C. , Robinson Lawrence R. , Rosen Clark , Saxon Keith G. , Sulica Lucian , Thibeault Susan L. , Titze Ingo , Woo Peak , Woodson Gayle E.
Published: April 2009

The Neurolaryngology Study Group convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts in neuromuscular physiology, electromyography, physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, and laryngology to meet with interested members from the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Neurolaryngology Subcommittee and the Neurolaryngology Study Group to address the use of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) for electrodiagnosis of laryngeal disorders. The panel addressed the use of LEMG for: 1) diagnosis of vocal fold paresis, 2) best practice application of equipment and techniques for LEMG, 3) estimation of time of injury and prediction of recovery of neural injuries, 4) diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases of the laryngeal muscles, and, 5) differentiation between central nervous system and behaviorally based laryngeal disorders. The panel also addressed establishing standardized techniques and methods for future assessment of LEMG sensitivity, specificity and reliability for identification, assessment and prognosis of neurolaryngeal disorders. Previously an evidence‐based review of the clinical utility of LEMG published in 2004 only found evidence supported that LEMG was possibly useful for guiding injections of botulinum toxin into the laryngeal muscles. An updated traditional/narrative literature review and expert opinions were used to direct discussion and format conclusions. In current clinical practice, LEMG is a qualitative and not a quantitative examination. Specific recommendations were made to standardize electrode types, muscles to be sampled, sampling techniques, and reporting requirements. Prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of LEMG. Use of the standardized methods and reporting will support future studies correlating electro‐diagnostic findings with voice and upper airway function.
Clinical Survey: Patterns of Utilization of Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections by a Cohort of Spinal Surgeons
Authors: Lebude Bryan , Wang Dajie , Harrop James S. , Maltenfort Mitchel , Anderson D. Greg , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Ratliff John K.
Published: April 2009

Objective

There are few data on responses to conservative therapy in the management of lumbar degenerative diseases. To understand the use of epidural steroid injections (ESIs) by spine surgeons in the treatment of 2 distinct lumbar spinal conditions—herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) and degenerative disk disease (DDD)—a survey of orthopedic and neurosurgical spine surgeons was conducted.

Design

Participants were surveyed via posting of a survey on a commercially maintained Web site. Respondents were queried on individual preferences regarding epidural steroid injections for HNP and DDD.

Setting

N/A.

Participants

The survey was completed by 61 surgeons; not all surgeons completed the entire survey. There was equal representation between orthopedic and neurosurgical spine surgeons; most surgeons reported being in practice for greater than 10 years (41%) and most surgeons reported completing between either 50 and 100 or 100 and 200 spine surgeries each year (26% and 31%).

Main Outcome Measures

Results were tabulated and assessed for variance. Both individual responses to the different ESI treatment protocols offered and difference in use of lumbar epidural steroids between diagnoses were analyzed.

Results

In treatment of lumbar HNP, the majority of respondents considered ESIs after 6 weeks of noninterventional care (69%). In lumbar DDD, there was no consensus as to overall use, timing, number of ESIs constituting a treatment regimen, number of treatment cycles recommended, and length of treatment before considering other intervention. In comparing treatment of lumbar HNP or DDD, there was no agreement with regard to timing of ESIs, with regard to duration of treatment, nor with regard to number of injections comprising a treatment regimen (κ = ‐0.01, 0.03, and ‐0.02, respectively).

Conclusion

No consensus was found as to timing, frequency, and duration of ESI treatment in lumbar HNP and DDD patients in a survey of practicing spine surgeons. These results illustrate one example of lack of consensus in conservative treatment protocols.
Effectiveness of Levetiracetam in the Treatment of Lumbar Radiculopathy: An Open‐Label Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hamza Maged S. , Anderson David Greg , Snyder John W. , Deschner Steven , Cifu David X.
Published: April 2009

Objective

The purpose of this open‐label study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) in the treatment of patients with lower lumbar radiculopathy diagnosed by clinical presentation, physical examination, and electrodiagnostics.

Design

Open‐label, forced titration, prospective cohort intent‐to‐treat analysis.

Setting

Major teaching hospital.

Patients

Participants were recruited from the university pain clinic and through referrals from the community. Subjects were eligible to participate if they (1) were older than 18 years, (2) had leg pain greater than back pain, (3) had been symptomatic for 6 months and <5 years, (3) had a baseline visual analog scale of at least 6 on the 0‐10 scale, (4) had undergone lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging within the last 12 months that showed no surgically correctable etiology for their radicular symptoms, and (5) had undergone electrodiagnostics that was positive for lumbar radiculopathy (L4, L5, or S1 nerve roots). Twenty‐six patients were enrolled, and 24 (92.3%) completed the study.

Interventions

Patients initially received LEV 500 mg twice a day for 2 weeks. Dosages were then increased to 750 mg twice day for 2 weeks, and then to 1500 mg twice a day for the remainder of the study. Patients were observed for 8 weeks after reaching the maximum dose.

Main Outcome Measurements

Treatment effectiveness was assessed with the use of biweekly brief pain inventory and patient global assessment scales. Frequency and severity of adverse events were recorded.

Results

The mean biweekly worst and average pain scores decreased from 7.17 and 6.27 at baseline to 4.2 and 3.9, respectively, at week 12 (P ≤ .001). Improvements were reported in general activity, ability to walk, mood, and relationship with people. Side effects consisted of sedation/drowsiness (46%), gastrointestinal upset (23%), headache (19%), blurred vision (15%), weakness/fatigue (11%), and dyscoordination (11%).

Conclusions

This study showed that LEV might be a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for lumbar radiculopathy. A large randomized placebo‐controlled trial is recommended and comparative studies with alternative agents should be sought.
Review of Anatomy, Evaluation, and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Pelvic Floor Pain in Women
Authors: Prather Heidi , Dugan Sheila , Fitzgerald Colleen , Hunt Devyani
Published: April 2009

Objective

The purpose of this review is 2‐fold. The first is to provide a review for physiatrists already providing care for women with musculoskeletal pelvic floor pain and a resource for physiatrists who are interested in expanding their practice to include this patient population. The second is to describe how musculoskeletal dysfunctions involving the pelvic floor can be approached by the physiatrist using the same principles used to evaluate and treat others dysfunctions in the musculoskeletal system. This discussion clarifies that evaluation and treatment of pelvic floor pain of musculoskeletal origin is within the scope of practice for physiatrists. The authors review the anatomy of the pelvic floor, including the bony pelvis and joints, muscle and fascia, and the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Pertinent history and physical examination findings are described. The review concludes with a discussion of differential diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal pelvic floor pain in women. Improved recognition of pelvic floor dysfunction by healthcare providers will reduce impairment and disability for women with pelvic floor pain. A physiatrist is in the unique position to treat the musculoskeletal causes of this condition because it requires an expert grasp of anatomy, function, and the linked relationship between the spine and pelvis. Further research regarding musculoskeletal causes and treatment of pelvic floor pain will help validate these concepts and improve awareness and care for women limited by this condition.
Neuromuscular Control and Ankle Instability
Authors: Gutierrez Gregory M. , Kaminski Thomas W. , Douex Al T.
Published: April 2009

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common injuries in athletics and daily activity. Although most are resolved with conservative treatment, others develop chronic ankle instability (AI)—a condition associated with persistent pain, weakness, and instability—both mechanical (such as ligamentous laxity) and functional (neuromuscular impairment with or without mechanical laxity). The predominant theory in AI is one of articular deafferentation from the injury, affecting closed‐loop (feedback/reflexive) neuromuscular control, but recent research has called that theory into question. A considerable amount of attention has been directed toward understanding the underlying causes of this pathology; however, little is known concerning the neuromuscular mechanisms behind the development of AI. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature on neuromuscular control in uninjured individuals and individuals with AI. Based on available research and reasonable speculation, it seems that open‐loop (feedforward/anticipatory) neuromuscular control may be more important for the maintenance of dynamic joint stability than closed‐loop control systems that rely primarily on proprioception. Therefore, incorporating perturbation activities into patient rehabilitation schemes may be of some benefit in enhancing these open‐loop control mechanisms. Despite the amount of research conducted in this area, analysis of individuals with AI during dynamic conditions is limited. Future work should aim to evaluate dynamic perturbations in individuals with AI, as well as subjects who have a history of at least one LAS and never experienced recurrent symptoms. These potential findings may help elucidate some compensatory mechanisms, or more appropriate neuromuscular control strategies after an LAS event, thus laying the groundwork for future intervention studies that can attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of acute and chronic lateral ankle injury.
Intra‐articular Pressure Profiles of Painful Stiff Shoulders Compared With Those of Other Conditions
Authors: Chung Sun G. , Lee Kyu Jin , Kim Hee Chan , Seo Kwan Sik , Lee Yong‐Taek
Published: April 2009

Objective

To test two questions raised by a previous study: whether high and steeply rising intra‐articular (IA) pressure achieved by controlled fluid infusion would be specific to the painful stiff shoulder (PSS) and whether rupture occurs immediately after the appearance of the third phase so that it could be considered as a preruptural sign.

Design

Case series.

Setting

University Outpatient Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Participants

Fourteen PSS patients who had limited range of motion of the shoulder in at least 2 directions for more than a month were participants, and 6 shoulders of 5 people with other conditions including 2 healthy shoulders served as controls.

Intervention and Main Outcome Measures

Real‐time pressure monitoring was done with fluid infusion in a constant‐volume rate. For PSS patients, fluid was infused until rupture occurred. More than 25 mL of fluid was instilled in the shoulders of the control group. The pressure‐volume (P‐V) profiles, number of phases, maximal volume (Vmax) and pressure (Pv_max) at Vmax, stiffness of the capsule (Kph2), and the fluid volume (Vph3) infused from the appearance of the triphasic curve to the rupture were evaluated.

Results

Among the 14 PSS patients, 12 demonstrated steeply increasing pressure (8 triphasic, 4 biphasic), but 2 showed flat and low‐pressure profiles. In contrast, the entire control group revealed flat pressure profiles. The PSS subjects showed far higher Pv_max at lower Vmax than the control subjects. The Kph2 was significantly higher in the PSS group. The Vph3 was 5.03 ± 3.18 mL ranging from 2.33 to 10.99 mL.

Conclusions

The steeply rising, high IA pressure can be considered as a predominant characteristic of the PSS compared with other conditions that showed flat, low‐pressure profiles, suggesting the P‐V profiles might be used in evaluation of the capsular tightness of various shoulder problems. The triphasic curve appears to be a preruptural sign; however, there are several practical limitations to terminating hydraulic distension before rupture occurs.
Design and Implementation of a Home‐Based Exercise Program Post‐Hip Fracture: The Baltimore Hip Studies Experience
Authors: Yu‐Yahiro Janet A. , Resnick Barbara , Orwig Denise , Hicks Gregory , Magaziner Jay
Published: April 2009

Objective

The objectives are to describe for the first time a home‐based exercise intervention for frail elderly hip fracture patients and to describe the feasibility of this exercise program.

Design

A home‐based exercise program was used in a randomized controlled trial in which the authors investigated exercise intervention versus no exercise intervention in patients after hip fracture.

Setting

This program was implemented at the patients' own home or place of residence after discharge.

Participants

Women 65 years of age or older were recruited within 15 days of hip fracture. Eligible patients were those with a nonpathologic fracture who were admitted within 72 hours of injury, had surgical repair of the hip fracture, and met medical inclusion criteria. Participants initially were randomized to exercise groups and then assigned to exercise trainers.

Intervention

The exercise contained strength training and aerobic components. Participants were expected to exercise 5 days per week by performing a combination of supervised and independently performed exercise sessions. Intensity and duration were increased gradually by trainers in a standardized way. The frequency of the supervised sessions decreased as participants became more independent. Treatment fidelity visits ensured that the intervention was being delivered as intended across trainers and across participants.

Main Outcome Measurement

This work describes the feasibility and challenges of administering an intensive home‐based exercise program in this population of older adults.

Results

Of those patients randomized to exercise, 82% were followed by a trainer and almost all advanced to higher levels in both aerobic and strength programs. Overall, participants received an average of 44 (78.5%) of the prescribed visits by the trainer.

Conclusions

This study showed that it was possible to engage a frail older population of post‐hip fracture patients in a program of aerobic and strength training exercise with a high rate of participation.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Finger Movement Dysfunction Caused By Tophaceous Gout: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chuan , Chen Chung‐Hwan , Fu Yin‐Chih , Lin Gau‐Tyan , Chang Je‐Ken , Hu Sheang‐Tsung
Published: April 2009

We describe a case of tophaceous gout with a combination of carpal tunnel syndrome and finger movement dysfunction. Carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to gout is uncommon. The concomitant presence of finger movement dysfunction is rare and suggests the involvement of the flexor tendons inside the carpal tunnel. Surgery is recommended to decompress the median nerve, to confirm the diagnosis, and for immediate improvement of flexor tendon excursion. Our patient's finger movement improved dramatically soon after surgery.
Net community production rates across the subtropical and equatorial Pacific Ocean estimated from air‐sea δ13C disequilibrium
Authors: Quay P. D. , Stutsman J. , Feely R. A. , Juranek L. W.
Published: April 2009

Rates of net community production (NCP) in the mixed layer were estimated using measurements of the 13C/12C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface waters of the subtropical and equatorial Pacific Ocean on samples collected during nine container ship cruises between California and Australia in 2004–2005. The rate of NCP in the surface mixed layer was determined from the magnitude of the air‐sea δ13C disequilibrium using mixed layer DIC and DIC13 budgets. The estimated NCP rates between 30°N and 30°S varied from 1.9 to 3.9 mols C m−2 a−1 with a mean value of 2.9 ± 0.8 mols C m−2 a−1. NCP rates in the equatorial ocean (3.4 ± 0.6 mols C m−2 a−1) were higher than in subtropical gyres (2.6 ± 0.6 mols C m−2 a−1). These rates of NCP were significantly higher than NCP rates previously estimated from DIC drawdown and satellite algorithms of productivity but consistent with NCP estimates from oxygen budgets and inverse models. In this region of the Pacific Ocean the estimated NCP rate was 3.6 Pg C a−1.
Phase relation of oscillations near the planetary period of Saturn's auroral oval and the equatorial magnetospheric magnetic field
Authors: Provan G. , Cowley S. W. H. , Nichols J. D.
Published: April 2009

Previous analyses of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of Saturn's southern auroras obtained during two campaigns, in January 2007 and February 2008, have revealed that the auroral oval oscillates at a period close to the planetary rotation period, with its center describing an elongated ellipse of semimajor axis ∼2° colatitude aligned along the prenoon to premidnight direction. Previous analyses of Cassini magnetic field data from Saturn's near‐equatorial quasi‐dipolar magnetosphere have also established the presence of a rotating pattern of magnetic field perturbations near the planetary period, a phase model which has been derived from data over the interval from mid‐2004 to the end of 2007, whose extrapolation is verified here for use during the February 2008 HST campaign. In this paper we compare the phases of these oscillatory phenomena and show that the southern oval displacement was directed approximately opposite to the rotating equatorial perturbation field during both HST campaign intervals. We also examine the relation of the southern oval oscillations to the periodic power modulations in Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) and show that the southern oval was displaced sunward at SKR maxima. It is suggested that the oval displacements are related to magnetospheric field line distortions associated with the rotating magnetic field perturbations, this picture also being consistent with recently reported periodic tilting of the equatorial plasma sheet. We note, however, that this picture provides no immediate explanation for the significantly elliptical nature of the observed oval motion.
Generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by surface gravity waves
Authors: King J. N. , Mehta A. J. , Dean R. G.
Published: April 2009

A generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by linear surface gravity waves over a series of layered hydrogeologic units is developed by adapting a previous solution for a hydrogeologic unit with an infinite thickness (Case I) to a unit with a finite thickness (Case II) and to a dual‐unit system (Case III). The model compares favorably with laboratory observations. The amplitude of wave‐forced benthic water flux is shown to be directly proportional to the amplitude of the wave, the permeability of the hydrogeologic unit, and the wave number and inversely proportional to the kinematic viscosity of water. A dimensionless amplitude parameter is introduced and shown to reach a maximum where the product of water depth and the wave number is 1.2. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a benthic water discharge flux to a marine water body. The Case I model estimates an 11.5‐cm/d SGD forced by a wave with a 1 s period and 5‐cm amplitude in water that is 0.5‐m deep. As this wave propagates into a region with a 0.3‐m‐thick hydrogeologic unit, with a no‐flow bottom boundary, the Case II model estimates a 9.7‐cm/d wave‐forced SGD. As this wave propagates into a region with a 0.2‐m‐thick hydrogeologic unit over an infinitely thick, more permeable unit, the Case III quasi‐confined model estimates a 15.7‐cm/d wave‐forced SGD. The quasi‐confined model has benthic constituent flux implications in coral reef, karst, and clastic regions. Waves may undermine tracer and seepage meter estimates of SGD at some locations.
Single‐scattering modeling of thin, birefringent mineral‐dust flakes using the discrete‐dipole approximation
Authors: Nousiainen Timo , Zubko Evgenij , Niemi Jarkko V. , Kupiainen Kaarle , Lehtinen Martti , Muinonen Karri , Videen Gorden
Published: April 2009

The morphology and composition of mineral‐dust particles in two surface samples collected in the Sahara desert are investigated by electron microscope imaging, X‐ray diffractography, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Most submicron particles in the samples are found to be flake‐like and thin, and appear to be composed of either calcite or dolomite. The single‐scattering properties of these flake‐like particles are modeled using the discrete‐dipole approximation for size parameters from 1 to 10. For simplicity, the particles are assumed to be composed of calcite, as the properties of dolomite are very similar. The birefringence of calcite is fully accounted for in the simulations, but to assess the importance of birefringence on scattering, two equivalent, isotropic cases analogous to internal and external mixing also are considered. The results show that both isotropic analogs scatter similarly, whereas birefringence affects the light scattering considerably. In particular, the asymmetry parameter is systematically smaller for birefringent than for isotropic flakes. The birefringence also weakens the negative‐polarization branch (NPB) near the backscattering direction. Flakes are found to scatter light very differently from volume‐equivalent spheroids, spheres, or roundish irregularly shaped particles: their asymmetry parameters tend to be much higher, and their backscattering enhancement and their NPBs are much weaker. The results demonstrate that the single‐scattering properties of different mineral‐dust types can be remarkably different. Whether the findings have a significant impact on the assessment of the radiative impact of atmospheric dust depends on the abundance of flake‐like particles in the atmosphere, which is not known.
Spatial correlations of foF2 deviations and their implications for global ionospheric models: 1. Ionosondes in Australia and Papua New Guinea
Authors: McNamara Leo F. , Wilkinson Phillip J.
Published: April 2009

The deviations of foF2 from the monthly median, ΔfoF2, have been calculated for each UT hour of each month for the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2006, for 10 ionosondes in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The linear correlation coefficients between simultaneous (same UT) values of ΔfoF2 for 45 station pairs have then been calculated for each hour for the 48 months. Since mixing up magnetically quiet and disturbed days can lead to deceptive correlations that correspond to neither quiet nor disturbed days, most of the analysis has been restricted to magnetically quiet days, defined as Ap < 25. On a monthly basis, it is found that the correlation coefficients are significantly lower for months with no magnetically disturbed days. In general, the correlation coefficients decrease with decreasing solar activity, from 2002/2003 to 2006. It is inferred that the deviations that lead to the observed correlation coefficients are due to changes in the solar wind, and the consequent effects on neutral winds, electric fields, temperature, and composition. The magnitudes of the measured correlation coefficients have implications for the F2 region correlation lengths used in global ionospheric models. For the Australian ionosondes and for quiet days, the inferred north‐south correlation length would be ∼1000 km, while the east‐west correlation length would be ∼1500 km, with somewhat lower values for winter and low solar activity. The lower limit is not well defined because the shortest station separation is 857 km. Shorter station separations are considered in a companion paper.
Spatial correlations of foF2 deviations and their implications for global ionospheric models: 2. Digisondes in the United States, Europe, and South Africa
Authors: McNamara Leo F.
Published: April 2009

The deviations of foF2 from the monthly median, ΔfoF2, have been calculated for each UT for a limited selection of months and times at solar minimum using ionograms recorded by Digisondes in the United States, Europe and South Africa. The linear correlation coefficients between simultaneous (same UT) values of ΔfoF2 have then been calculated, with a view to determining the correlation lengths that are important for global ionospheric models. The results presented here are for station separations ranging from 66 km to several thousand kilometers, and complement those given in a companion paper that used values of foF2 from Australian ionosondes, the closest of which were 857 km apart. The correlation lengths derived from the two sets of data are used to specify midlatitude correlation lengths that can be used with global ionospheric models for different levels of solar activity.
Assessing reservoir operations risk under climate change
Authors: Brekke Levi D. , Maurer Edwin P. , Anderson Jamie D. , Dettinger Michael D. , Townsley Edwin S. , Harrison Alan , Pruitt Tom
Published: April 2009

Risk‐based planning offers a robust way to identify strategies that permit adaptive water resources management under climate change. This paper presents a flexible methodology for conducting climate change risk assessments involving reservoir operations. Decision makers can apply this methodology to their systems by selecting future periods and risk metrics relevant to their planning questions and by collectively evaluating system impacts relative to an ensemble of climate projection scenarios (weighted or not). This paper shows multiple applications of this methodology in a case study involving California's Central Valley Project and State Water Project systems. Multiple applications were conducted to show how choices made in conducting the risk assessment, choices known as analytical design decisions, can affect assessed risk. Specifically, risk was reanalyzed for every choice combination of two design decisions: (1) whether to assume climate change will influence flood‐control constraints on water supply operations (and how), and (2) whether to weight climate change scenarios (and how). Results show that assessed risk would motivate different planning pathways depending on decision‐maker attitudes toward risk (e.g., risk neutral versus risk averse). Results also show that assessed risk at a given risk attitude is sensitive to the analytical design choices listed above, with the choice of whether to adjust flood‐control rules under climate change having considerably more influence than the choice on whether to weight climate scenarios.
Comparison of soil moisture dynamics between a tropical rain forest and a tropical seasonal forest in Southeast Asia: Impact of seasonal and year‐to‐year variations in rainfall
Authors: Kumagai Tomo'omi , Yoshifuji Natsuko , Tanaka Nobuaki , Suzuki Masakazu , Kume Tomonori
Published: April 2009

We examined the impact of both seasonal and year‐to‐year variations in precipitation on simulated soil moisture dynamics at a tropical rain forest (TRF) site and a tropical seasonal forest (TSF) site in Southeast Asia, between which there is a clear difference in the precipitation regime, through a probabilistic ecohydrological model. All model parameters have apparent physical meaning and were obtained by field observations. Rainfall statistics as the primary model forcing terms were constructed from long‐term rainfall records, and their analysis revealed a close relationship between drought and El Niño events at the TRF site and a long‐term drying trend at the TSF site. The model results further demonstrated that the studied ecosystem's robustness (mainly concerning the plant water availability) are attributed to functional factors such as soil texture for the TRF site and rooting depth and the dry season use of water from the preceding wet season for the TSF site.
On the vertical extent of the large low shear velocity province beneath the South Pacific Superswell
Authors: Tanaka S. , Suetsugu D. , Shiobara H. , Sugioka H. , Kanazawa T. , Fukao Y. , Barruol G. , Reymond D.
Published: April 2009

The three‐dimensional S‐wave velocity structure beneath the South Pacific Superswell is obtained from joint broadband seismic experiments on the ocean floor and islands. We collected only approximately 800 relative times of long‐period teleseismic SH‐waves by using a waveform cross‐correlation from 76 events occurring from January 2003 to May 2005. We conducted relative time tomography to obtain a 3D structure to depths of 1600 km. In the resultant image, we find a characteristic distribution of low‐velocity regions. The most prominent features are a large doughnut‐shaped low‐velocity region at 800 km depth, and an elongated large low‐velocity region beneath the Society to Pitcairn hotspots at 1200 km depth. Our model suggests that a large low shear velocity province rooted in the D″ extends upwards and culminates near the top of the lower mantle beneath the central part of the South Pacific Superswell although its perfect continuity is not still confirmed.