bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of protein biomarkers for prediction of response to platinum‐based treatment regimens in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Böttger Franziska , Radonic Teodora , Bahce Idris , Monkhorst Kim , Piersma Sander R. , Pham Thang V. , Dingemans Anne‐Marie C. , Hillen Lisa M. , Santarpia Mariacarmela , Giovannetti Elisa , Smit Egbert F. , Burgers Sjaak A. , Jimenez Connie R.
Published: November 2023

The majority of patients with resected stage II‐IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated with platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in a one‐size‐fits‐all approach. However, a significant number of patients do not derive clinical benefit, and no predictive patient selection biomarker is currently available. Using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, we have profiled tumour resection material of 2 independent, multi‐centre cohorts of in total 67 patients with NSCLC who underwent ACT. Unsupervised cluster analysis of both cohorts revealed a poor response/survival sub‐cluster composed of ~ 25% of the patients, that displayed a strong epithelial‐mesenchymal transition signature and stromal phenotype. Beyond this stromal sub‐population, we identified and validated platinum response prediction biomarker candidates involved in pathways relevant to the mechanism of action of platinum drugs, such as DNA damage repair, as well as less anticipated processes such as those related to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Integration with pre‐clinical proteomics data supported a role for several of these candidate proteins in platinum response prediction. Validation of one of the candidates (HMGB1) in a third independent patient cohort using immunohistochemistry highlights the potential of translating these proteomics results to clinical practice.
Ovarian cancer relies on the PDGFRβ–fibronectin axis for tumorsphere formation and metastatic spread
Authors: Gendrau‐Sanclemente Núria , Figueras Agnès , Gracova Kristina , Lahiguera Álvaro , Alsina‐Sanchís Elisenda , Marín‐Jiménez Juan A. , Vidal August , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Fernandez‐Gonzalez Sergi , Barahona Marc , Martí Lola , Ponce Jordi , Viñals Francesc
Published: November 2023

High‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. The most common form of metastatic spread of HGSOC is transcoelomic dissemination. In this process, detached cells from the primary tumor aggregate as tumorspheres and promote the accumulation of peritoneal ascites. This represents an early event in HGSOC development and is indicative of poor prognosis. In this study, based on tumorspheres isolated from ascitic liquid samples from HGSOC patients, ovarian cancer spheroid 3D cultures, and in vivo models, we describe a key signal for tumorsphere formation in HGSOC. We report that platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) is essential for fibronectin‐mediated cell clustering of ovarian cancer cells into tumorspheres. This effect is mediated by the kinase NUAK family SNF1‐like kinase 1 (NUAK1) and blocked by PDGFRβ pharmacological or genetic inhibition. In the absence of PDGFRβ, ovarian cancer cells can be provided with fibronectin by cancer‐associated fibroblasts to generate chimeric spheroids. This work provides new insights that uncover potential targets to prevent peritoneal dissemination, the main cause of advanced disease in HGSOC patients.
Partially Adaptive Treatment Strategies
Authors: Talbot Denis , Moodie Erica E. M.
Published: November 2023

Partially adaptive treatment strategies are rules for tailoring treatment decisions that are a function of a few selected characteristics of an individual. This type of treatment strategy can ignore the impact that the other characteristics of the individual may have on the treatment effect. In particular, an optimal partially adaptive treatment strategy provides treatment decision rules that only depend on the selected characteristics in order to optimize some outcome of interest. Such decision rules can notably be used for personalized medicine. This article provides an introduction to partially adaptive treatment strategies and methods for estimating an optimal partially adaptive treatment strategy.
Data Analytics for Organizational Development Customer Analytics
Authors: Kaufmann Uwe H. , Tan Amy B. C.
Published: November 2023

Customer analytics is a critical branch of data science that focuses on analyzing customer data to extract valuable insights into customer segmentation, developing marketing strategies, and consequently growing the market share.

The availability and accessibility of such data has expanded beyond traditional data‐driven companies such as Google or Meta, offering new potential for customer analytics on a large scale.

This article presents a perspective on the use of customer data and highlights the risk associated with improper data analytics. A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of a two‐proportion
z
‐test in evaluating customer satisfaction scores between 2018 and 2019, supporting effective decision‐making by management.
Machine Learning Software and Pipelines
Authors: Scutari Marco , Malvestio Mauro
Published: November 2023

The use of the term “pipeline” in modern applications of machine learning, and more in general of statistical computing, is interesting because of its dual meaning: in software engineering, it denotes the process of developing and delivering software; in data science, it denotes the sequence of steps required to prepare, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.

Machine learning pipelines combine aspects of both definitions because they involve the process of building and operating the software infrastructure to develop and use machine learning models as well as the data analysis steps that are implemented by those models. In this article, we discuss how modern practices from software engineering and data science combine to shape machine learning software in an iterative workflow defined by the interplay of code and data.
The Effects of the Box–Cox Transformation
Authors: Shore Haim
Published: November 2023

The expected effects of the Box–Cox transformation (BCT), when applied to available data, have been summarized in the original article, where the transformation was first introduced. It was to achieve validity for the three major assumptions made in the analysis of linear models, that is, simplicity of structure (of the linear model), constancy of error variance, and normality of distributions. While many articles have been published to date about estimating the parameter(s) of BCT, or suggesting alternatives, little attention has been given to the more fundamental question – Why should a data power transformation be able to achieve these objectives (as cumulative empirical evidence obviously attest to)? In this article, we address this question and attempt clear explanation with regard to each of the objectives that BCT attempts to achieve.
Trans+ People: Trans, Trans*, Transgender, Nonbinary, and Other Gender‐Diverse People
Authors: Devor Aaron
Published: November 2023

Trans+ people include a wide range of individuals who do not identify with the sex or gender assigned to them at birth. They may identify as men, women, trans, transgender, nonbinary, or any of hundreds of other identities. They may, or may not, take steps to better express their gender identities, such as altering their appearances through social, hormonal, or surgical techniques. Trans+ people are vulnerable to many forms of institutionalized, systemic, and interpersonal discrimination. Despite these realities, most Trans+ people are happy, successful, and contributing members of society.
Soccer
Authors: Giulianotti Richard
Published: November 2023

Association football, also known as soccer, is the world's most popular team sport, and has been the subject of substantial sociological interest across the globe. This entry examines six dimensions of football, particularly at elite and professional levels, that have attracted particular sociological interest: identity, belonging, and differentiation; governance and politics; the cultural politics of race, gender, sexuality, and disability; commodification; violence and hooliganism; and internationalism.
Transnational and Global Feminisms
Authors: Desai Manisha
Published: November 2023

Transnational feminism refers both to the practices of women's movements around the world and to a theoretical perspective in which women theorize and strategize for women's rights and gender justice across national boundaries, work in collaboration with women from other countries, and frame their activism in terms that are both local and global. Thus, transnational feminism refers to the flow of ideas, issues, strategies, organizations, and activists across national boundaries. As practice it dates back to the mid‐ and late nineteenth century, when women activists from the United States and Europe worked in collaboration around the abolitionist and suffrage movements in those countries, when women from colonizing countries such as Great Britain worked together with women in India and other colonies to advance women's rights, particularly suffrage and education, as well as when European women in the communist and socialist parties worked to develop women's organizations around the world on issues of women's economic rights.
A survey of consumer health question answering systems
Authors: Welivita Anuradha , Pu Pearl
Published: November 2023

Consumers are increasingly using the web to find answers to their health‐related queries. Unfortunately, they often struggle with formulating the questions, further compounded by the burden of having to traverse long documents returned by the search engine to look for reliable answers. To ease these burdens for users, automated consumer health question answering systems try to simulate a human professional by refining the queries and giving the most pertinent answers. This article surveys state‐of‐the‐art approaches, resources, and evaluation methods used for automatic consumer health question answering. We summarize the main achievements in the research community and industry, discuss their strengths and limitations, and finally come up with recommendations to further improve these systems in terms of quality, engagement, and human‐likeness.
Human‐aware AI —A foundational framework for human–AI interaction
Authors: Sreedharan Sarath
Published: November 2023

We are living through a revolutionary moment in AI history. Users from diverse walks of life are adopting and using AI systems for their everyday use cases at a pace that has never been seen before. However, with this proliferation, there is also a growing recognition that many of the central open problems within AI are connected to how the user interacts with these systems. To name two prominent examples, consider the problems of explainability and value alignment. Each problem has received considerable attention within the wider AI community, and much promising progress has been made in addressing each of these individual problems. However, each of these problems tends to be studied in isolation, using very different theoretical frameworks, while a closer look at each easily reveals striking similarities between the two problems. In this article, I wish to discuss the framework of human‐aware AI (HAAI) that aims to provide a unified formal framework to understand and evaluate human–AI interaction. We will see how this framework can be used to both understand explainability and value alignment and how the framework also lays out potential novel avenues to address these problems.
Neurologic morbidity and functional independence in adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Vuotto Stefanie C. , Wang Mingjuan , Okcu M. Fatih , Bowers Daniel C. , Ullrich Nicole J. , Ness Kirsten K. , Li Chenghong , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Howell Rebecca M. , Gibson Todd M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Krull Kevin R. , Brinkman Tara M.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To examine associations between neurologic late effects and attainment of independence in adult survivors of childhood cancer treated with central nervous system (CNS)‐directed therapies.

Methods

A total of 7881 survivors treated with cranial radiation therapy (n = 4051; CRT) and/or intrathecal methotrexate (n = 4193; IT MTX) ([CNS‐treated]; median age [range] = 25.5 years [18–48]; time since diagnosis = 17.7 years [6.8–30.2]) and 8039 without CNS‐directed therapy reported neurologic conditions including stroke, seizure, neurosensory deficits, focal neurologic dysfunction, and migraines/severe headaches. Functional independence was assessed using latent class analysis with multiple indicators (independent living, assistance with routine and personal care needs, ability to work/attend school, attainment of driver's license, marital/partner status). Multivariable regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and chronic health conditions, estimated odds ratios (OR) or relative risks (RR) for associations between neurologic morbidity, functional independence, and emotional distress.

Results

Among CNS‐treated survivors, three classes of independence were identified: (1) moderately independent, never married, and non‐independent living (78.7%); (2) moderately independent, unable to drive (15.6%); and (3) non‐independent (5.7%). In contrast to 50% of non‐CNS‐treated survivors and 60% of siblings, a fourth fully independent class of CNS‐treated survivors was not identified. History of stroke (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.70–3.68), seizure (OR = 9.70, 95% CI: 7.37–12.8), neurosensory deficits (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 2.16–3.31), and focal neurologic dysfunction (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 2.40–3.88) were associated with non‐independence among CNS‐treated survivors. Non‐independence was associated with emotional distress symptoms.

Interpretation

CNS‐treated survivors do not attain full independence comparable to non‐CNS‐treated survivors or siblings. Interventions to promote independence may be beneficial for survivors with treatment‐related neurological sequalae.
Advances in Directional Wetting Surfaces for Enhanced Fluid Control: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Li Chenrui , Kim Beomsu , Yoon Jonghun , Sett Soumyadip , Oh Junho
Published: November 2023

Controlling surface wettability and directing the flow of working fluids have crucial implications in various natural and engineering contexts. Understanding the fundamental principles of wettability and directional wetting is essential for effectively leveraging these phenomena to enhance the performance of engineering systems, such as microfluidics or heat exchangers. This comprehensive review summarizes of previous research, emphasizing recent advances by categorizing the structures and working principles associated with directional wetting surfaces. The efforts of researchers who have employed diverse strategies to manipulate the wetting behavior of liquids through both passive and active control mechanisms are highlighted. Passive directional transport surfaces require no additional energy while enabling large‐scale and continuous fluid control. Conversely, active directional wetting surfaces offer enhanced flexibility and precise control of liquid movement. Furthermore, insights into recent studies that focused on practical applications are provided and the current challenges that need to be addressed are discussed. This study serves as a guide for future research directions on the development of directional wetting surfaces and offers valuable recommendations for practical implementation.
High‐Performance Fully Stretchable Moist‐Electric Generator
Authors: Wen Xian , Sun Zhaoyang , Xie Xinyao , Zhou Qun , Liu Huijie , Wang Liming , Qin Xiaohong , Tan Swee Ching
Published: November 2023

The emerging moist‐electric generation that can harvest energy from the atmosphere moisture to power the next‐generation wearable electronics has attracted great attention recently. However, currently developed moist‐electric generators (MEGs) are hard to be fully stretchable owing to the lack of essential material properties and the restriction of the device construction. Here, stretchable hygroscopic ionic hydrogel and carbon black‐coated cotton knitted fabric are employed with a pair of symmetric Cu electrodes on top and bottom to fabricate a fully stretchable moist‐electric generator (FSMEG). The prepared FSMEG simultaneously achieves outstanding stretchability of 400%, sustained short‐circuit current of 50 µA, and open‐circuit voltage of 0.3 V, demonstrating superior comprehensive performances among current MEGs. The remarkable performances of FSMEG can be ascribed to the decreased crystallinity of ionic hydrogel and the synergistic effect of water evaporation force and redox reaction on electrodes. Of great importance is that large‐scale integration of FSMEG units is capable of driving electronics including calculators, light‐emitting‐diodes, and even cell phones. Beyond power generation, FSMEG also successfully exhibits practical application in self‐powered pressure sensing and weight identification. The optimal properties and design concepts of FSMEG provide new insight for designing next‐generation high‐performance hydroelectric harvesting devices with wide applications.
Zinc‐Imidazolate Films as an All‐Dry Resist Technology
Authors: Corkery Peter , Waltz Kayley E. , Eckhert Patrick M. , Ahmad Mueed , Kraetz Andrea , Miao Yurun , Lee Dennis T. , Abdel‐Rahman Mohammed K. , Lan Yucheng , Haghi‐Ashtiani Paul , Stein Aaron , Boscoboinik J. Anibal , Tsapatsis Michael , Fairbrother D. Howard
Published: November 2023

Motivated by the drawbacks of solution phase processing, an all‐dry resist formation process is presented that utilizes amorphous zinc‐imidazolate (aZnMIm) films deposited by atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD), patterned with electron beam lithography (EBL), and developed by novel low temperature (120 °C) gas phase etching using 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfacH) to achieve well‐resolved 22 nm lines with a pitch of 30 nm. The effects of electron beam irradiation on the chemical structure and hfacH etch resistance of aZnMIm films are investigated, and it is found that electron irradiation degrades the 2‐methylimidazolate ligands and transforms aZnMIm into a more dense material that is resistant to etching by hfacH and has a C:N:Zn ratio effectively identical to that of unmodified aZnMIm. These findings showcase the potential for aZnMIm films to function in a dry resist technology. Sensitivity, contrast, and critical dimensions of the patterns are determined to be 37 mC cm−2, 0.87, and 29 nm, respectively, for aZnMIm deposited on silicon substrates and patterned at 30 keV. This work introduces a new direction for solvent‐free resist processing, offering the prospect of scalable, high‐resolution patterning techniques for advanced semiconductor fabrication processes.
All‐Optically Controlled Artificial Synapse Based on Full Oxides for Low‐Power Visible Neural Network Computing
Authors: Yang Ruqi , Wang Yue , Li Siqin , Hu Dunan , Chen Qiujiang , Zhuge Fei , Ye Zhizhen , Pi Xiaodong , Lu Jianguo
Published: November 2023

Artificial synapse devices are dedicated to overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. Adopting light signals in visual information processing and computing is vital for developing next‐generation artificial neuromorphic systems. A strategy to construct all‐optically controlled artificial synaptic devices based on full oxides with amorphous ZnAlSnO/SnO heterojunction in a two‐terminal planar configuration is proposed. All synaptic behaviors are operated in the visible optical pathway, with excitatory synapse under red (635 nm) light and inhibitory synapse under green (532 nm) and blue (405 nm) lights. Based on the different inhibitory effects, two modes of long‐term depression (LTD) and RESET processes can be implemented through green and blue lights, respectively. The energy consumption of an event can be as low as 0.75 pJ. A three‐layer perceptron model is designed to classify 28 × 28‐pixel handwritten digital images and performed supervised learning using a backpropagation algorithm, demonstrating the bio‐visually inspired neuromorphic computing with a training accuracy of 92.74%. The all‐optically controlled artificial synapses with write/erasure behaviors in visible RGB region and rational microelectronic process, as presented in this work, are essential in developing future artificial neuromorphic systems and highlight the huge potential of next‐generation computer systems.
Patient‐Derived Microphysiological Systems for Precision Medicine
Authors: Ko Jihoon , Song Jiyoung , Choi Nakwon , Kim Hong Nam
Published: November 2023

Patient‐derived microphysiological systems (P‐MPS) have emerged as powerful tools in precision medicine that provide valuable insight into individual patient characteristics. This review discusses the development of P‐MPS as an integration of patient‐derived samples, including patient‐derived cells, organoids, and induced pluripotent stem cells, into well‐defined MPSs. Emphasizing the necessity of P‐MPS development, its significance as a nonclinical assessment approach that bridges the gap between traditional in vitro models and clinical outcomes is highlighted. Additionally, guidance is provided for engineering approaches to develop microfluidic devices and high‐content analysis for P‐MPSs, enabling high biological relevance and high‐throughput experimentation. The practical implications of the P‐MPS are further examined by exploring the clinically relevant outcomes obtained from various types of patient‐derived samples. The construction and analysis of these diverse samples within the P‐MPS have resulted in physiologically relevant data, paving the way for the development of personalized treatment strategies. This study describes the significance of the P‐MPS in precision medicine, as well as its unique capacity to offer valuable insights into individual patient characteristics.
A Soft Bioelectronic Patch for Simultaneous Respiratory and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Wang Xue , Xiao Xiao , Feng Zhiping , Wu Yufen , Yang Jin , Chen Jun
Published: November 2023

Sleep is critical to maintaining physical and mental health. Measuring physiological parameters to quantify sleep quality without uncomfortable user experience remains highly desired but a challenge. Here, this work develops a soft bioelectronic patch to perform simultaneous respiration and cardiovascular monitoring during sleep in a wearable and non‐invasive manner. The soft bioelectronic patch system is mainly composed of a pressure sensor, a flexible printed circuit for signal processing, and a soft thermoplastic urethane mold for assembling different functional modules. The soft bioelectronic patch holds a sensitivity of >0.12 V kPa−1 and a remarkable low‐frequency response from 0.5 to 15 Hz. It is demonstrated to continuously monitor respiration and heartbeat during the whole night, which could be harnessed for sleep monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome diagnosis. The reported soft bioelectronic patch represents a simple and convenient platform technology for sleep study.
Revealing the Anion–Solvent Interaction for Ultralow Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Jijian , Koverga Volodymyr , Phan An , min Li Ai , Zhang Nan , Baek Minsung , Jayawardana Chamithri , Lucht Brett L. , Ngo Anh T. , Wang Chunsheng
Published: November 2023

Anion solvation in electrolytes can largely change the electrochemical performance of the electrolytes, yet has been rarely investigated. Herein, three anions of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI), and derived asymmetric (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoro‐methanesulfonyl)imide (FTFSI) are systematically examined in a weakly Li+ cation solvating solvent of bis(3‐fluoropropyl)ether (BFPE). In‐situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry demonstrates that FTFSI− and FSI− anions are associated with BFPE solvent, while weak TFSI−/BFPE cluster signals are detected. Molecular modeling further reveals that the anion–solvent interaction is accompanied by the formation of H‐bonding‐like interactions. Anion solvation enhances the Li+ cation transfer number and reduces the organic component in solid electrolyte interphase, which enhances the Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency at a low temperature of −30 °C from 42.4% in TFSI‐based electrolytes to 98.7% in 1.5 m LiFTFSI and 97.9% in LiFSI‐BFPE electrolytes. The anion–solvent interactions, especially asymmetric anion solvation also accelerate the Li+ desolvation kinetics. The 1.5 m LiFTFSI‐BFPE electrolyte with strong anion–solvent interaction enables LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)||Li (20 µm) full cell with stable cyclability even under −40 °C, retaining over 92% of initial capacity (115 mAh g−1, after 100 cycles). The anion–solvent interactions insights allow to rational design the electrolyte for lithium metal batteries and beyond to achieve high performance.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Phonon‐Glass Electron‐Crystal Like AgSbTe2
Authors: Taneja Vaishali , Das Subarna , Dolui Kapildeb , Ghosh Tanmoy , Bhui Animesh , Bhat Usha , Kedia Dinesh Kumar , Pal Koushik , Datta Ranjan , Biswas Kanishka
Published: November 2023

Achieving glass‐like ultra‐low thermal conductivity in crystalline solids with high electrical conductivity, a crucial requirement for high‐performance thermoelectrics , continues to be a formidable challenge. A careful balance between electrical and thermal transport is essential for optimizing the thermoelectric performance. Despite this inherent trade‐off, the experimental realization of an ideal thermoelectric material with a phonon‐glass electron‐crystal (PGEC) nature has rarely been achieved. Here, PGEC‐like AgSbTe2 is demonstrated by tuning the atomic disorder upon Yb doping, which results in an outstanding thermoelectric performance with figure of merit, zT ≈ 2.4 at 573 K. Yb‐doping‐induced enhanced atomic ordering decreases the overlap between the hole and phonon mean free paths and consequently leads to a PGEC‐like transport behavior in AgSbTe2. A twofold increase in electrical mobility is observed while keeping the position of the Fermi level (EF) nearly unchanged and corroborates the enhanced crystalline nature of the AgSbTe2 lattice upon Yb doping for electrical transport. The cation‐ordered domains, lead to the formation of nanoscale superstructures (≈2 to 4 nm) that strongly scatter heat‐carrying phonons, resulting in a temperature‐independent glass‐like thermal conductivity. The strategy paves the way for realizing high thermoelectric performance in various disordered crystals by making them amorphous to phonons while favoring crystal‐like electrical transport.
Hydronium Intercalation Enables High Rate in Hexagonal Molybdate Single Crystals
Authors: Guo Haocheng , Wu Sicheng , Chen Wen , Su Zhen , Wang Qing , Sharma Neeraj , Rong Chengli , Fleischmann Simon , Liu Zhaoping , Zhao Chuan
Published: November 2023

Rapid proton transport in solid‐hosts promotes a new chemistry in achieving high‐rate Faradaic electrodes. Exploring the possibility of hydronium intercalation is essential for advancing proton‐based charge storage. Nevertheless, this is yet to be revealed. Herein, a new host is reported of hexagonal molybdates, (A2O)x·MoO3·(H2O)y (A = Na+, NH4+), and hydronium (de)intercalation is demonstrated with experiments. Hexagonal molybdates show a battery‐type initial reduction followed by intercalation pseudocapacitance. Fast rate of 200 C (40 A g−1) and long lifespan of 30 000 cycles are achieved in electrodes of monocrystals even over 200 µm. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance confirms hydronium intercalations, and operando measurements using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction disclose distinct intercalation behaviours in different electrolyte concentrations. Remarkably, characterizations of the cycled electrodes show nearly identical structures and suggest equilibrium products are minimally influenced by the extent of proton solvation. These results offer new insights into proton electrochemistry and will advance correlated high‐power batteries and beyond.
Molecular Design of Layered Hybrid Silver Bismuth Bromine Single Crystal for Ultra‐Stable X‐Ray Detection With Record Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Huanyu , Li ZhenHua , Wang Shuo , Peng Guoqiang , Lan Wei , Wang Haoxu , Jin Zhiwen
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, weak interlayer coupling and unclear mechanism in layered hybrid silver bismuth bromine (LH‐AgBiBr) are the main reasons for limiting its further enhanced X‐ray detection sensitivity and stability. Herein, the design rules for LH‐AgBiBr and its influence on X‐ray detection performance are reported for the first time. Although shortening amine size can enhance interlayer coupling, its detection performance is severely hampered by its easier defect formation caused by enlarged micro strain. In contrast, an appropriate divalent amine design endows the material with improved interlayer coupling and released micro strain, which benefits crystal stability and mechanical hardness. Another contribution is to increase material density and dielectric constant; thus, enhancing X‐ray absorption and carrier transport. Consequently, the optimized parallel device based on BDA2AgBiBr8 achieves a record sensitivity of 2638 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and an ultra‐low detection limit of 7.4 nGyair s−1, outperforming other reported LH‐AgBiBr X‐ray detectors. Moreover, the unencapsulated device displays remarkable anti‐moisture, anti‐thermal (>150 °C), and anti‐radiation (>1000 Gyair) endurance. Eventually, high‐resolution hard X‐ray imaging is demonstrated by linear detector arrays under a benign dose rate (1.63 µGyair s−1) and low external bias (5 V). Hence, these findings provide guidelines for future materials design and device optimization.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Inhibited Escape of Volatile Species
Authors: Gao Yanyan , Liu Chong , He Mingzhu , Zhang Cuiling , Liu Liang , Luo Qinrong , Wu Yanghong , Zhang Haoyang , Zhong Xuqi , Guo Rilang , Xie Yi , Wu Shaohang , Schropp Ruud E.I. , Mai Yaohua
Published: November 2023

The intrinsically weak bonding structure in halide perovskite materials makes components in the thin films volatile, leading to the decomposition of halide perovskite materials. The reactions within the perovskite film are reversible provided that components do not escape the thin films. Here, a holistic approach is reported to improve the efficiency and stability of PSMs by preventing the effusion of volatile components. Specifically, a method for in situ generation of channel barrier layers for perovskite photovoltaic modules is developed. The resulting PSMs attain a certified aperture PCE of 21.37%, and possess remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of T90 > 1100 h in ambient air, and damp heat (DH) tracking of T93 > 1400 h.
Large‐Area Flexible Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Inkjet Printing
Authors: Liu Hui , Shi Guangyi , Khan Rashid , Chu Shenglong , Huang Zongming , Shi Tongfei , Sun Haiding , Li Yaping , Zhou Hongmin , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao , Xiao Zhengguo
Published: November 2023

Metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are attracting increasing attention due to their potential applications in flat panel lighting and displays. The solution process, large‐area fabrication, and flexibility are attractive properties of PeLEDs over traditional inorganic LEDs. However, it is still very challenging to deposit uniform perovskite films on flexible substrates using a blade or slot‐die coating, as the flexible substrate is not perfectly flat. Here, the inkjet printing technique is adopted, and the key challenges are overcome step‐by‐step in preparing large‐area films on flexible substrates. Double‐hole transporting layers are first used and a wetting interfacial layer to improve the surface wettability so that the printed perovskite droplets can form a continuous wet film. The fluidic and evaporation dynamics of the perovskite wet layer is manipulated to suppress the coffee ring effect by solvent engineering. Uniform perovskite films are obtained finally on flexible substrates with different perovskite compositions. The peak external quantum efficiency of the inkjet‐printed PeLEDs reaches 14.3%. Large‐area flexible PeLEDs (4 × 7 cm2) also show very uniform emission. This work represents a significant step toward real applications of large‐area PeLEDs in flexible flat‐panel lighting.
Single‐Molecule Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy for Instability of Intermediate Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Park Jungjae , Jeong Hyeongseop , Noh Namgyu , Park Ji Su , Ji Sanghyeon , Kang Sung , Huh Yoon , Hyun Jaekyung , Yuk Jong Min
Published: November 2023

Single‐molecule techniques are powerful microscopy methods that provide new insights into biological processes. Liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy (LP‐TEM) is an ideal single‐molecule technique for overcoming the poor spatiotemporal resolution of optical approaches. However, single‐molecule LP‐TEM is limited by several challenges such as electron‐beam‐induced molecular damage, difficulty in identifying biomolecular species, and a lack of analytical approaches for conformational dynamics. Herein, a single‐molecule graphene liquid‐cell TEM (GLC‐TEM) technique that enables the investigation of real‐time structural perturbations of intact amyloid fibrils is presented. It is demonstrated that graphene membranes significantly extend the observation period of native amyloid beta proteins without causing oxidative damage owing to electron beams, which is necessary for imaging. Stochastic and time‐resolved investigations of single fibrils reveal that structural perturbations in the early fibrillar stage are responsible for the formation of various amyloid polymorphs. The advantage of observing structural behavior in real time with unprecedented resolution will potentially make GLC‐TEM a complementary approach to other single‐molecule techniques.
Laser‐Ironing Induced Capping Layer on Co‐ZIF‐L Promoting In Situ Surface Modification to High‐Spin Oxide–Carbon Hybrids on the “Real Catalyst” for High OER Activity and Stability
Authors: Liu Weihao , Yang Jing , Zhao Yizhe , Liu Ximeng , Heng Jian , Hong Minghui , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Wang John
Published: November 2023

Enhancing electrocatalytic performance through structural and compositional engineering attracts considerable attention. However, most materials only function as pre‐catalysts and convert into “real catalysts” during electrochemical reactions. Such transition involves dramatic structural and compositional changes and disrupts their designed properties. Herein, for the first time, a laser‐ironing (LI) approach capable of in‐situ forming a laser‐ironing capping layer (LICL) on the Co‐ZIF‐L flakes is developed. During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process, the LICL sustains the leaf‐like morphology and promotes the formation of OER‐active Co3O4 nanoclusters with the highest activity and stability. In contrast, the pristine and conventional heat‐treated Co‐ZIF‐Ls both collapse and transform to less active CoOOH. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations pinpoint the importance of the high spin (HS) states of Co ions and the narrowed band gap in Co3O4 nanoclusters. They enhance the OER activity by promoting spin‐selected electron transport, effectively lowering the energy barrier and realizing a spontaneous O2‐releasing step that is the potential determining step (pds) in CoOOH. This study presents an innovative approach for modulating both structural and compositional evolutions of electrocatalysts during the reaction, sustaining stability with high performance during dynamic electrochemical reactions, and providing new pathways for facile and high‐precision surface microstructure control.
Multilevel Gradient‐Ordered Silicon Anode with Unprecedented Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Ying , Wu Feng , Li Yu , Feng Xin , Zheng Lumin , Liu Mingquan , Li Shuqiang , Qian Ji , Wang Zhaohua , Ren Haixia , Gong Yuteng , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying
Published: November 2023

While cost‐effective sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with crystalline silicon anodes promise high theoretical capacities, they perform poorly because silicon stores sodium ineffectively (capacity <40 mAh g−1). To address this issue, herein an atomic‐order structural‐design tactic is adopted for obtaining unique multilevel gradient‐ordered silicon (MGO‐Si) by simple electrochemical reconstruction. In situ‐formed short‐range‐, medium‐range‐, and long‐range‐ordered structures construct a stable MGO‐Si, which contributes to favorable Na–Si interaction and fast ion diffusion channels. These characteristics afford a high reversible capacity (352.7 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1) and stable cycling performance (95.2% capacity retention after 4000 cycles), exhibiting record values among those reported for pure silicon electrodes. Sodium storage of MGO‐Si involves an adsorption–intercalation mechanism, and a stepwise construction strategy of gradient‐ordered structure further improves the specific capacity (339.5 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1). Reconstructed Si/C composites show a high reversible capacity of 449.5 mAh g−1, significantly better than most carbonaceous anodes. The universality of this design principle is demonstrated for other inert or low‐capacity materials (micro‐Si, SiO2, SiC, graphite, and TiO2), boosting their capacities by 1.5–6 times that of pristine materials, thereby providing new solutions to facilitate sodium storage capability for better‐performing battery designs.
Highly Crystalized MAPbX3 Perovskite Triangular Nanowire Arrays for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Xiong Yuting , Xu Xiuzhen , Chen Bo , Xu Xiaobin
Published: November 2023

Here, a facile fabrication approach for the high‐quality 1D perovskite triangular nanowire (TNW) array synthesis through space‐confined effect is reported. A soft stamp containing 1D triangular linear array pattern is used to confine the MAPbX3 solution and to guide the growth of the nanowires along the prescribed direction with good crystallinity. The further constructed photodetectors based on the obtained MAPbI3 TNWs exhibit superior photoresponse properties with a responsivity of (125.2 ± 2.5) A W−1 and detectivity of (2.8 ± 0.8) × 1013 Jones at the wavelength of 650 nm. This excellent performance is attributed to the highly crystalline TNW with optical anisotropy and a small asymptotic height, which reduces the probability of the photon reflection and promotes the carrier transport. More interestingly, the increased surface area of the triangular device can present superior flexibility after a couple of thousands of bending cycles. Furthermore, by fabricating 7 × 7 photodetector arrays, the potential image sensor application is demonstrated. The perovskite nanowire fabrication approach is scalable and compatible with current semiconductor manufacturing, which indicates their great potential in broad applications.
Antibacterial Plasma Polymer Coatings on 3D Materials for Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Dao Aiken , Gaitanos Christale , Kamble Sumedh , Sharifahmadian Omid , Tan Richard , Wise Steven G. , Cheung Tiffany Lai Yun , Bilek Marcela M.M. , Savage Paul B. , Schindeler Aaron , Akhavan Behnam
Published: November 2023

Covalent biofunctionalization of implant surfaces using anti microbial agents is a promising approach to reducing bone infection and implant failure. Radical‐rich, ion‐assisted plasma polymerized (IPP) coatings enable surface covalent biofunctionalization in a simple manner; but until now, they are limited to only 2D surfaces. Here a new technology is demonstrated to create homogenous IPP coatings on 3D materials using a rotating, conductive cage that is negatively biased while immersed in RF plasma. Evidence is provided that under controlled energetic ion bombardment, this technology enables the formation of highly robust and homogenous radical‐rich coatings on 3D objects for subsequent covalent attachment of antimicrobial agents. To functionally apply this technology, the broad‐spectrum antimicrobial CSA‐90 is attached to the surfaces, where it retained potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. CSA‐90 covalent functionalization of stainless‐steel pins used in a murine model of orthopedic infection revealed the highly promising potential of this coating system to reduce S. aureus infection‐related bone loss. This study takes the previous research on plasma‐based covalent functionalization of 2D surfaces a step further, with important implications for ushering in a new dimension in the biofunctionalization of 3D structures for applications in bone implants and beyond.
Amplified Photoluminescence of CsPbX3 Perovskites Confined in Silica Film with a Chiral Nematic Structure
Authors: Knezevic Marija , Hoang Thi‐Hieu , Wang Cong , Johar Masa , Manjón Alba Garzón , Rauret David Llorens , Scheu Christina , Erard Marie , Berardan David , Arbiol Jordi , Colbeau‐Justin Christophe , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal
Published: November 2023

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs, CsPbX3: X = Cl, Br, I) have advanced the field of optoelectronic devices due to their remarkable light‐emitting capabilities, stemming from the large overlap between their emission and absorption spectra, offering the possibility to reabsorb their own emitted photons. Herein, a straightforward method is reported to confine CsPbBr3 into mesoporous silica films with a chiral nematic structure, allowing the amplification of the photoluminescence (PL). The simple room temperature ligand‐free synthesis allows facile growth of CsPbBr3 in silica photonic films, in which the Bragg peak position can be tuned from the UV to the visible range. The perovskite/silica films demonstrate a remarkable improvement in PL intensity and lifetime compared to the as‐synthesized non‐confined perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) due to the overlap of the Bragg peak position of the chiral nematic photonic films and CsPbBr3 absorption band. Such a PL enhancement stems from the slow photon effect induced at blue and red Bragg peak edges that facilitates the photon recycling of the emitted photons. This innovative approach offers a new way to fabricate highly emissive and long‐lived photoluminescent films at ambient conditions, potentially advancing perovskite utilization in light‐emitting devices.
Core‐Shell Micro‐ and Nano‐Structures for The Modification of Light‐Surface Interactions
Authors: Yeo Reuben J. , Yeo Jayven C. C. , Yu Tan Sze , Sng Anqi , Tomczak Nikodem , Muiruri Joseph Kinyanjui , Wang Suxi , Wang Pei , Thitsartarn Warintorn , Wang Fuke , Ye Enyi , Li Zibiao , Xu Jianwei , Loh Xian Jun , Zhu Qiang
Published: November 2023

Controlling how a material interacts with light is key to optimizing its optical properties to fit a desired function or application. The most straightforward approach is to chemically or physically modify the surface exposed to incident light. An effective method of surface modification is based on the addition of core‐shell structures at the surface. Of particular importance to many technological applications are core‐shell structures with dimensions comparable to the wavelengths of light extending from the UV up to the near‐IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which coincides with the major part of the solar spectrum. Surface modification approaches to tailor the optical properties of materials in this range of wavelengths are increasingly relevant in the context of materials and devices used in sustainable energy applications, such as solar cells and heat‐reflective paints. These materials are useful to mitigate the current energy and climate crises by allowing for enhanced energy harvesting and improved thermal management, respectively. Here, recent progress in the fabrication and application of core‐shell micro‐/nano‐structures for the modification of light interaction with surfaces is highlighted. Some limitations and future directions for the design of core‐shell materials are also discussed.
Research Progress in Tunable Metamaterial Absorbers
Authors: Liu Yixin , Li Chenxia , Fang Bo , Chen Liang , Xu Jianfeng , Liu Fuhai , Xu Lizhen , Li Xiao , Tang Ying , Hong Zhi , Jing Xufeng
Published: November 2023

Since the initial discovery of metamaterial absorbers (MAs), they generate significant interest across the electromagnetic device industry due to their capacity to attain subwavelength magnitudes, adaptable design, and almost complete absorption. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on incorporating active materials into MAs, making it a current focal point of investigation. In the past few years, MAs have seen the integration of various active materials and configurations thanks to continuous exploration and innovation. Herein, comprehensive and systematic research on different tuning methods of MAs is reviewed, highlighting innovative materials and unique designs to accurately control the electromagnetic absorption characteristics of MAs. Key parameters, such as the operating frequency and relative tuning range, are summarized and compared to provide guidance for optimization design. Finally, the challenges of tunable MAs and their future prospects are also summarized.
A Flexible, Wearable, Humidity‐Resistant and Self‐Powered Sensor Fabricated by Chitosan‐Critic Acid Film and its Applications in Human Motion Monitoring and Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Xing , Ma Yanran , Wang Yongfa , Li Li , Wang Peihong , Wang Chunchang
Published: November 2023

Being a resource‐abundant natural material, chitosan shows good frictional electrical properties and has become one of the most used materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). To improve water resistance and mechanical properties, herein, a strategy is proposed to modify the chitosan film by citric acid. The results show that both humidity‐resistant and mechanical properties of the modified films can be notably enhanced due to the formation of a network structure between chitosan molecular chains. Excellent output performance of 77.5 V and 2.66 µA is achieved in the TENG based on the modified film with a mass ratio of chitosan/citric acid = 3:1. Under a relative humidity (RH) of 80%RH, it can output 70.16% of the voltage compared to that under 20%RH. Self‐powered tactile sensor based on the TENG exhibits a sensitive response to pressure and bending and humidity resistance, giving the sensor tremendous promise for a wider range of human motion monitoring and energy harvesting.
Effect of Laser Power on Nanocutting Mechanism of Silicon Carbide Ceramic: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Liu Bing , Wang Yurong , Yang Haijie , Jiang Kai
Published: November 2023

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic is being increasingly applied in several engineering fields owing to its excellent saturation electron drift rate. Although much attention is paid to its material removal mechanism, producing a high‐quality SiC surface with a high material removal rate is still a challenging issue. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the material removal mechanism of SiC to improve the processing performance. In this study, the laser heating‐assisted nanocutting models are established using a molecular dynamics method. Then, a laser beam with various energies is irradiated onto the SiC. The influence of average laser power on the nanocutting mechanism of SiC is revealed in terms of the temperature of the machined region, cutting force, stress distribution state, subsurface damage, and tool wear. The results demonstrate that within the scope of this study, the using of laser irradiation methods has a positive effect on the machinability of SiC at the nanoscale, provided that the laser power density does not exceed the ablation threshold. Meanwhile, the results indicate that laser heating‐assisted methods have played an important role in suppressing tool wear. This study has significant theoretical and practical value in processing technology.