bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infant brain responses are sensitive to natural variance in facial trustworthiness
Authors: Jessen Sarah , Schierbaum Sofie , Dankhoff Marie Elisabeth
Published: March 2024

When adults see someone for the first time, they automatically form a first impression of that person as more or less trustworthy. Recent studies suggest that already infants show a similar sensitivity to variance in facial trustworthiness. However, prior studies on infant trustworthiness perception have always used artificially manipulated faces. The question therefore arises how infants respond to a larger variety of naturalistic faces, which are perceived by adults to vary in trustworthiness. To investigate this question, we presented 7-month-old infants with 15 different male faces which adults had previously rated in trustworthiness and measured ERP responses and looking behavior. When grouping faces categorically according to trustworthiness, no differences in ERP response or looking behavior emerged. However, when predicting the Nc amplitude from exact adult trustworthiness ratings, we found that higher trustworthiness ratings corresponded to larger Nc responses in infants. Our findings therefore suggest that, on a neural level, infants discriminate faces according to features adults associate with trustworthiness from naturally varying faces, and that their neural response tracks the naturally variance between faces. Furthermore, ecologically valid faces yield a different neural response pattern compared to artificially manipulated faces, highlighting the importance of using naturalistic stimuli to study social processing.
Emerging Adults’ Journeys out of the Shutdown: Longitudinal Narrative Patterns in a College Career Defined by COVID
Authors: Booker Jordan Ashton , Fivush Robyn , Greenhoot Andrea , McLean Kate C. , Wainryb Cecilia , Pasupathi Monisha
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has defined the college career for this generation of learners, threatening mental health, identity development, and college functioning. We began tracking the impacts of this pandemic for 633 first-year college students from four US universities (M age = 18.8 years) in Spring 2020 and followed students to Spring 2023. Students provided narratives about the impacts of COVID and reports of mental health concerns, identity development, well-being. Students reported concerns for mental health, identity, and well-being during the first year of COVID impacts. The return to in-person activities predicted broad increases in narrative growth and concomitant decreases in COVID stressors, increases in identity exploration and commitment and increases in psychological and academic well-being. Changes in COVID stressors and narrative growth served as mediators between the return to in-person activities around campus and student outcomes. Findings expand insights of development and mental health across much of this generation-defining event.
A guide to advanced MRI processing for clinical glioma research
Authors: Clement Patricia , Beun Soetkin , Arzanforoosh Fatemehsadat , Castellaro Marco , Debiasi Giulia , Emblem Kyrre E. , Fuster-Garcia Elies , Grech-Sollars Matthew , Kallehauge Jesper Folsted , Lazen Philipp , Nunes Rita G. , Isik Esin Ozturk , Pinto Joana , Piskin Senol , Robinson Simon Daniel , Siugzdaite Roma , Sollmann Nico , Svensson Siri Fløgstad , Warnert Esther A.H. , Wiegers Evita , Petr Jan , Hangel Gilbert
Published: March 2024

BackgroundTo date, multiple advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods beyond conventional qualitative structural imaging for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment follow-up of glioma have demonstrated their utility for clinical studies. However, these methods often rely on complex off-scanner processing to yield the most information and to extract quantitative biomarkers, limiting their practical use for studies, as well as their clinical translation.While community-driven software solutions exist for these advanced MRI methods, many aspiring clinical researchers face challenges in acquiring the necessary knowledge to effectively apply these tools. This guide, an initiative of the Glioma MR imaging 2.0 network (GliMR), aims to provide an overview of existing solutions, communities, and repositories with the ultimate goal of enabling standardization, open science, and reproducible quantitative imaging studies of gliomas. Yet, most of the reviewed tools and approaches to image data analyses may also be used in the context of studies on diseases other than glioma.ContentThis guide summarizes the state-of-the-art processing software solutions and the repositories/communities for the following advanced MRI methods: DSC; DCE; ASL; diffusion MRI; relaxometry; MRF; MRS; CEST; SWI; QSM; MRE; and task-based and resting-state fMRI. For each of those, after a short introduction about the method and output parameters, the required and recommended image processing steps and quality control measures are described, and we point to further literature for more details. In addition, an overview of openly available software tools that provide these functionalities for MRI processing and exemplify workflows is given. Wherever possible, the readers are guided toward existing inventories, repositories, and communities, which offer not only a collection of these tools, but also more in-depth guidance. Each part concludes with an appraisal of the estimated required expertise and future development needs.ConclusionThis guide provides an extensive overview of the currently available processing tools that can help aspiring clinical researchers to obtain high-quality reproducible imaging data from advanced MRI scans of gliomas. While GliMR n is focused on glioma research, this guide will also be helpful for other clinical neuroimaging topics as general processing steps may not be specific to glioma only.
The Probabilistic Price of Life Across Time: Generational and Probabilistic Distance Render a Life Today Worth More than Ten Tomorrow
Authors: Law Kyle Fiore , Syropoulos Stylianos , O'Connor Brendan Bo , Young Liane
Published: March 2024

Is the certainty of saving a life today worth more than the less-certain outcome of saving 10 lives tomorrow? In six pre-registered studies with US samples from Prolific (N = 5,095), we employed an intergenerational probability discounting task, discovering people discount the value of life as uncertainty and intergenerational distance from the present increase. Specifically, as uncertainty about impacting the future rises, individuals increasingly prioritize saving fewer present lives over more future lives, particularly for more distant future beneficiaries (Studies 1-2). Experimental evidence (Studies 3-4) suggests that certainty perceptions drive intergenerational concern, rather than the reverse. Drawing upon seminal research from cognitive science and behavioral economics, these findings address gaps in emerging social psychological inquiry into long-term intergenerational concern, reconcile debates on the ethical philosophy of longtermism, and offer practical implications for decision-makers in public policy, emphasizing the need to balance hypothetical threats to society’s future with its present-day needs.
Naive psychology depends on naive physics
Authors: Liu Shari , Outa Joseph , Akbiyik Seda
Published: March 2024

How do humans make sense of other people: entities who are simultaneously psychological beings and physical objects? Across the cognitive sciences, including psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and neuroscience, scholars have puzzled over the origins and structure of our understanding of the physical world on the one hand, and the psychological world on the other. Each of these research areas has accumulated evidence that these two domains of thought are independent, modular systems. We disagree. Starting in infancy, and indeed throughout our lives, our psychological reasoning (naive psychology) depends on inputs from physical reasoning (naive physics). In this paper, we first review evidence for the modularity hypothesis from developmental psychology, cross-cultural research, cognitive neuroscience, and neuropsychology, and argue that this work provides evidence for domain-specificity (that naive psychology and physics are conceptually distinct) but not for modularity (that these two abilities are informationally encapsulated from each other). To the contrary, we use evidence from each of these disciplines, and research from computational cognitive science, to argue that naive psychology and physics constitute parallel and integrated systems in human minds and brains. We end by laying out a research program to investigate this integration.
Morphology and quantification of piloerection in humans
Authors: McPhetres Jonathon , Sun Xiaohan , Watroba Linh Dan
Published: March 2024

This study methodically analyses the physical characteristics of piloerection across various sites on the human body. We identify significant variability in the phenotypic expression of piloerection, ranging from subtle to highly conspicuous events. Contrary to the common conception of “goosebumps” as being large and obvious bumps on the skin, our results indicated a significant frequency of less intense episodes of piloerection. Small and subtle piloerection events were by far the most frequent and the large, obvious events were the least frequent. On average, we found the duration of piloerection to be 10.09 seconds, with more intense episodes lasting longer. An incidental yet pivotal aspect of our research was the independent validation of the Gooselab software, which our data suggests fails to reliably detect even the most pronounced piloerection events. By thoroughly describing the piloerection process, our research fills a critical gap necessary for accurate measurement and assessment of this physiological response. The study emphasizes the superiority of manual analysis for capturing the full scope of piloerection characteristics, a method we advocate for its precision, reliability, and potential for generating insightful data. This data not only challenges the current automated analytical techniques but also enhances the scientific understanding of understudied physiological responses in humans.
Why Research from Lower- and Middle-Income Countries Matters to Evidence-Based Intervention: A State of the Science Review of ACT Research as an Example
Authors: Sahdra Baljinder K. , King Grant Alexander , Payne Jennifer S. , Ruiz Francisco J. , Kolahdouzan Sayed Ali , Ciarrochi Joseph , Hayes Steven C.
Published: March 2024

Despite the global nature of psychological issues, an overwhelming majority of research originates from a small segment of the world’s population living in high-income countries (HICs). This disparity risks distorting our understanding of psychological phenomena by underrepresenting the cultural and contextual diversity of human experience. Research from lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is also less frequently cited, both because it is seemingly viewed as a ‘special case’ and because it is less well known due to language differences and biases in indexing algorithms. Acknowledging and actively addressing this imbalance is crucial for a more inclusive, diverse, and effective science of evidence-based intervention. In this State of the Science review, we used a machine learning method to identify key topics in LMIC research on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), choosing ACT due to the significant body of work from LMICs. We also examined one indication of study quality (study size), and overall citations. Research in LMICs was often non-indexed, leading to lower citations, but study size could not explain a lack of indexing. Many objectively identified topics in ACT research became invisible when LMIC research was ignored. Specific countries exhibited potentially important differences in the topics. We conclude that strong and affirmative actions are needed by scientific associations and others to ensure that research from LMICs is conducted, known, indexed, and used by CBT researchers and others interested in evidence-based intervention science.
Evidence that altercentric biases in a continuous false belief task depend on highlighting the agent’s belief
Authors: Speiger Marie Luise , Rothmaler Katrin , Liszkowski Ulf , Rakoczy Hannes , Grosse Wiesmann Charlotte
Published: March 2024

As social beings, we excel at understanding what other people think or believe. We even seem to be influenced by the belief of others in situations where it is irrelevant to our current tasks. Such altercentric interference has been proposed to reflect implicit belief processing. However, in which situations altercentric interference occurs and to what extent it is automatic or dependent on the relevance of the belief in context are open questions. To investigate this, we developed a novel task testing whether participants show an altercentric bias when searching for an object in a continuous search space (a ‘sandbox’). Critically, another agent is present that holds either a true or a false belief about the object location, depending on condition. We predicted that participants’ search for the object would deviate from its actual location in direction of where the agent believed the object to be. Further, we tested how this altercentric bias would interact with an explicit belief reasoning version of the task, where participants are asked where the agent would look for the object. In a large, preregistered study (N = 113), we found evidence for an altercentric bias in participants’ object search. Importantly, this bias was only present in participants who conducted the explicit before the implicit task. These findings indicate that altercentric biases depend on the relevance of the other’s belief in the context of the task, suggesting that spontaneous belief processing is not automatic but context dependent.
Tell me why? A scoping review on the fundamental building blocks of functional MRI networks
Authors: van der Pal Zarah , Douw Linda , Genis Alexandra , van den Bergh Don , Marsman Maarten , Schrantee Anouk , Blanken Tessa
Published: March 2024

This review explores the current landscape of network estimation methods in the context of fMRI-based network neuroscience, focusing on static undirected network analysis. We focused on papers published in a single year (2022), and characterised what we consider the fundamental building blocks of network analysis: sample size, network size, association type, edge inclusion strategy, edge weights, and modelling level. We find that most similar across all included studies (n=191) was the use of pairwise correlations to estimate the associations between brain regions (79.6%) and the estimation of the network at the individual level (86.9%) as opposed to at the group level. Importantly, a substantial number of studies lacked comprehensive reporting on their methodological choices, hindering the synthesis of research findings within the field. This review underscores the critical need for careful consideration and transparent reporting of fMRI network estimation methodologies to advance our understanding of complex brain-behaviour relationships. We hope to facilitate integration between network neuroscience and network psychometrics when studying complex brain-behaviour relations.
Determinants of economic risk preferences across adolescence
Authors: Zhang Yubing , Tashjian Sarah M.
Published: March 2024

This study examined economic risk preferences using a multidimensional approach in a large sample of human adolescents and adults (N = 444, ages 13-27). Although there were numerous theories and research focusing on adolescent economic risk-taking, comparatively little is known about the role of incidental affective factors (i.e., affects irrelevant to the decision at hand) in decision-making in relation to economic risks. We tested six psychological determinants of risk preference (age, gender, state positive/negative affect, state anxiety, and indecision) on two economic decision tasks (loss aversion and skewness). Adolescents demonstrated a reduced bias towards negatively skewed risks compared to young adults. Positive affect shifted risk preference for all participants, with adults and adolescents diverging in risk direction. Adolescents reported higher positive affect and lower negative affect than young adults, but trait anxiety was age invariant. Indecision was not significantly associated with any outcomes of interest. These results highlight the evolving nature of incidental affect and valence bias on economic risk-taking from adolescence into adulthood. This study contributes to understanding the development of economic choice and affective factors that influence decision-making, as well as to broader efforts to improve risk-related decisions.
Optimization and Predictive Modelling of Gravimetric Corrosion Characteristic of Irvingia Gabonensis Leaves Extracts as Anti Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in HCl Solution
Authors: Okuma Silas Oseme , Nwaeju Cynthia Chinasa , Tuaweri Tolumoye Johnnie
Published: March 2024

In this research, the optimization and predictive modeling of gravimetric corrosion characteristics of Irvingia gabonensis leaf extracts (IGLE) as an anti-corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in hydrochloric acid were investigated. Design expert software version 11 were used to analyze the corrosion inhibition-related process characteristics, such as inhibition efficiency, corrosion rate, and weight loss, and their relationships. An effort were made to obtain the optimal conditions for these corrosion inhibition-related process characteristics. Weight loss measurement and design methodology were used for the evaluation of the inhibition efficiency of IGLE for mild steel in HCl. The corrosion inhibition process variables were optimized and predictive regression models were developed using Box-Behnken tool of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The findings showed that there were a good fit between the model predictions and the experimental results. The quadratic models developed were significant with P value less than 0.05.  The research established an inhibition efficiency of 88.9%, a corrosion rate of 0.143mm/yr, and a weight loss of 0.02 g, which were obtained at the optimum conditions of an extract concentration of 0.6 g/L, an immersion time of 16 hrs, and a temperature of 298K.Therefore, the models were considered ideal for prediction with a confidence level of 95%, and the optimal combination is suitable for the corrosion inhibition process design. Hence these models can be recommended for applications such as oil well acidizing and pickling pipelines.
Design Get up Application E-Commerce Based Web Using the Agile Kanban Method ( Case Study at Bandung Digital Marketing Friends )
Authors: Hermawan Irman , Indriani Indriani
Published: March 2024

Study This gives a clear view of How a company can face problem displacement sales from marketplaces to e-commerce websites, companies realize that depending on the marketplace it has a number of limitations and challenges.From the problems mentioned above, then _ proposed For building purposeful web application For design and develop web-based e-commerce application. In this process, System web applications use modeling Draw Io system, with PHP programming language, and phpMyAdmin database, PHP Framework Laravel 9.Test results on the system This shows that from the results Index percentage earned on each _ statement pointed out average results the percentage is 74.66% With results, then it is stated in testing to achievement utility application stated worthy accepted with Satisfactory status
NATURAL DURABILITY OF Acacia mangium WOOD
Authors: Olaga Thomas Tetteh , Antwi Kwaku , Bih Francis Kofi , Donkor Mark Bright
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Expanding the base of wood resources, adoption, and effective use of wood species depend primarily on the knowledge of the properties of the wood and the source from which the wood was obtained. The Acacia mangium wood, whose natural durability was determined to establish its practical uses, was extracted from Ada Technical Institute's compound in the Ada East District of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study adopted an experimental research design. The natural durability test was done using the accelerated laboratory method based on standard. Seventy-two (72) samples were taken from the six billets (base, middle, and top). The analyses were carried out within each section, established from portions of the trees close to the pith or cascade. The resistance values indicated that the wood studied has a high resistance to rot. In this way, this wood can be used for various uses that require high resistance to interference, such as using parts in direct contact with the ground.
Keywords: serviceable life; decay resistance; Xylophagous fungus.
 
Durabilidade natural da madeira de Acacia mangium
 
RESUMO: A expansão da base de recursos madeireiros, a adoção e o uso eficaz de espécies madeireiras dependem principalmente do conhecimento das propriedades da madeira e da fonte de onde a madeira foi obtida. As madeiras de Acacia mangium Willd, cuja durabilidade natural foi determinada para estabelecer seus usos práticos, foram avaliadas pelo Instituto Técnico Ada, no Distrito Leste de Ada, da Região da Grande Accra, em Gana. O estudo adotou um desenho de pesquisa experimental. O teste de durabilidade natural foi realizado utilizando o método laboratorial acelerado baseado em norma. Setenta e duas (72) amostras foram retiradas dos seis toras (base, meio e topo). As análises foram realizadas dentro de cadaa seção, sendo estabelecidos a partir de porções das árvores próximas à medula ou a casca. Os valores de resistência indicaram que a madeira estudada alta resistência ao apodrecimento. Desta forma, essa madeira pode ser utilizadas para diversos usos que exijam uma elevada resistência a deterioração, como o uso de peças em contato direto com solo.
Palavras-chave: vida útil; resistência a deterioração; fungo xilófago.
IDENTIFICATION OF GEOMECHANICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES USING THE VIBROACOUSTIC METHOD FOR AUTOMATED STABILITY MONITORING SYSTEMS OF GROUND BUILDINGS AND MINE WORKINGS
Authors: Yalanskyy Oleksiy , Bielikov Anatolii , Barabanov Stanislav , Slashchovа Olena , Ikonnikov Maksym
Published: March 2024

Purpose. Identification of geomechanical and geotechnical structures by vibroacoustic method to improve reliability and automation level of ground buildings and mine working stability monitoring.

Methods. Classical wave theory, experimental studies in laboratory and field conditions.

Results. The most important feature of acoustic wave propagation in fractured media is the complexity of the wave pattern, since at each boundary between adjacent layers four new waves are formed – two reflected (longitudinal and transverse) and two refracted, each of them, when falling on another boundary, will cause a similar process. In the near-surface layer, classical acoustic waveguides are formed – sections of rock limited in one or two directions by voids, cracks or other media. As a result, the divergence of waves to the sides is eliminated or reduced, so their propagation along the layers occurs with less attenuation than in an unbounded homogeneous or inhomogeneous medium. To control elements of geomechanical and geotechnical structures, normal waves (modes) propagated in such acoustic waveguides without changing their structure should be used. When upper limit of the frequency range for recording acoustic signal of the response of a plane-parallel or block structure to the applied shock is lowered, the range of possible sounding bases expands. Within this range, the first mode of normal resonant oscillations is registered, and its limits shift towards an increase of the absolute value. The identification of geomechanical and geotechnical structures for systems of automated vibroacoustic control of stability of the mine workings was carried out.

Originality. It is established that system control is ensured by identifying local geomechanical objects as the systems with lumped parameters, and changes in the load of the system elements should be controlled by analyzing the compliance between parameters of the system’s response to the exciting stimulation and the quasi-stationary criterion. In contrast to the known methods, automated control should be carried out with taking into account the stages of the oscillatory process development.

Practical implications. The research results contribute to improvement of reliability and automation of the ground buildings and mine working stability monitoring.

Keywords: vibroacoustic methods, identification of geomechanical structures, ground buildings and mine workings stability, automation of mine workings stability monitoring.
Activation of fluoranhydrite with various chemical additives for the production of gypsum fiberboards
Authors: Rakhadilov B.K , Bayatanova L.B. , Kengesbekov A.B. , Abdulina S.A. , Kylyshkanov M.K. , Podoynikov M.A. , Moldabayeva G.S.
Published: March 2024

Preliminary studies of fluoranhydrite as a binder showed that on its own it almost does not harden, intervention in the technological process of basic production is almost impossible, so in order to obtain materials it is necessary to develop ways of modifying it to initiate the binder properties or use “acidic” fluoranhydrite before the neutralization stage. In this work the influence of various additives (sodium sulfate and sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate crystallohydrate, alumina aluminate, sodium carbonate) on the properties of fluorine hydrite binders produced by neutralization of sour waste from hydrofluoric acid production with an excess of limestone was studied. In this work to obtain dependences of anhydrite binder technological properties on the number of introduced additives and determine the optimal composition of the binder, as well as create mathematical models of the processes under study and their statistical analysis used mathematical planning of the experiment. As the conducted studies showed the speed of setting of products based on anhydrite binder and their strength mainly depend on the temperature of water and its amount for mixing at the optimum dispersity of the binder. The strength of the samples made from the neutralized waste was found to be in the range of 0.5‒1.2 MPa, and the strength of the samples based on the activated anhydrite binder ― in the range of 5.3‒10.7 MPa that corresponds to the parameters of the material suitable for the production of boards.
Electrofriction treatment of plow shares
Authors: Berdimuratov N.E. , Kambarov Ye.Ye. , Maulet M. , Bolatov S.D. , Sagdoldina Zh.B. , Baizhan D.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the results of research aimed at developing the technology of plow share hardening by means of electrofriction hardening. It is shown that in electrofriction hardening of plow shares a structure with microhardness gradient is formed along the depth of the hardened zone. After electrofriction hardening the microhardness of plow share increases in 3–3.5 times in comparison with the initial state. The reason for the gradient character of microhardness distribution along the thickness of the modified layer is the ultra-high cooling rate, which causes a high temperature gradient near the surface. On the basis of the results of scanning electron microscopy it is established that at electrofriction hardening of steel 40Kh the hardened surface layer is formed, consisting of two zones: the surface hardened zone with the structure of fine–needle martensite and austenite; the zone of thermal influence (transition layer) with martensite-perlite structure, smoothly passing into the initial ferrite-perlite structure. It is established that the phase composition of steel 40Kh in the initial state consists of α-Fe phase with BCC lattice, and after electrofriction hardening the hardening phases of residual austenite (γ-Fe) and martensite (α'-Fe) are formed. The obtained data allow us to conclude that electrofriction treatment is an effective method of plow share hardening from structural steel 40Kh.
Technological Aspects of Ensuring the Quality of Protective Coatings of Building Metal Structures
Authors: Pichugin A. P. , Hritankov V. F. , Pchelnikov A. V.
Published: March 2024

This article discusses issues related to the development of technological solutions designed to obtain protective paint and varnish coatings with high operational resistance for building metal structures. The developed technological map and scheme for creating nanostructured paint and varnish coatings on the surfaces of building metal structures are presented. These proposals complement the comprehensive approach to the development of protective paint and varnish coatings, consisting of methodological, technological and formulation solutions, and presented in other studies by the authors, which allows for its effective use in paint and varnish industry enterprises. The research results, based on the application of the developed solutions in laboratory and operational conditions, confirm the high efficiency of the developed integrated approach. Assessment of the quality of coatings in laboratory conditions showed that coating samples after 100 hours of thermal exposure retain high properties that meet the operating conditions of building metal structures. As part of production testing, it was established that the service life of nanostructured coatings increases by 1.5–2.6 times compared to traditional coatings. In this regard, the costs of repair and restoration of coatings are reduced, and their service life between repairs is increased. The introduction of the developed solutions into production will solve the problem of low operational durability of protective paint and varnish coatings of steel building metal structures operated under various influences.
Risks of Using Slag Aggregates in Concrete Products for Road Construction
Authors: Kolomoitsev N. A. , Makaeva A. A.
Published: March 2024

When GOST 17608 and GOST 6665 were republished, the authors prohibited the use of slag fillers, so manufacturers of products produced according to these standards have a problem: the use of only natural inert materials will lead to an increase in the cost of the final product. At the same time, however, this should lead to an improvement in the quality of manufactured products. But is it so? This article presents a comparative analysis of standards for fillers of natural origin and from metallurgical production waste in order to identify the reasons that do not allow the use of slag aggregates in concrete products for road construction. It was determined that most of the requirements for aggregates of both natural and man-made origin are the same, i.e. if the manufacturers observe and fulfill the requirements of the standards for slag aggregates, there should be no risk of reducing the quality of the final product. Then why the developers of GOST 17608 and GOST 6665, excluding from the list of aggregates for concrete materials according to GOST 3344–83 do not give an alternative in the form of aggregates according to GOST 5578–2019. The authors of the article have tried to reveal the answer to this question.
Extracranial arteriovenous malformation mimicking a peripheral nerve tumor: illustrative case
Authors: Rodrigues Rahul , Snyder M. Harrison , Chavez Wilson , Arkun Knarik , Bulut Ozden , Wu Julian
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular malformations that are more commonly found intracranially, followed by the head, neck, limbs, and trunk. Extracranially, AVMs can mimic peripheral nerve tumors, leading to misdiagnosis.

OBSERVATIONS

A 19-year-old female, who presented with left lateral lower leg pain, was preoperatively thought to have a peripheral nerve tumor; at surgery, however, she was found to have an extracranial AVM. The distinct margins of the tumor on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging suggested that the patient might have a peripheral nerve tumor; however, the clinical symptoms of focal pain at rest and the absence of Tinel’s sign should have raised questions about this diagnosis.

LESSONS

This case highlights the difficulty in differentiating a peripheral nerve tumor from an extracranial AVM in certain clinical scenarios. It is important to use a multifaceted diagnostic approach to get a correct preoperative diagnosis and plan treatment appropriately.
Digital Rights of Citizens in the Context of Public Administration of Social Security in Ukraine
Authors: Petkun S. M.
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the issue of formulating the definition of the concept of “digital law” of citizens, reveals its essence, proposes a system of substantive components of “digital law” and substantiates recommendations for its consolidation in the Civil Code of Ukraine. It is determined that the content and essence of the concept of “digital law” should be understood as the right of individuals and legal entities to free access to the use of electronic devices and telecommunication networks intended for data transmission. The author substantiates the substantive components of the concept of “digital law”, namely, the right to free access to telecommunication networks for the transmission of publicly available information, the right to digital self-determination, the right to use electronic tools of democracy, and the right to be forgotten. It is emphasized that the legislative consolidation of the content of the concept of “digital law” and its components in the updated Civil Code of Ukraine should provide a regulatory framework for further development of secure cyberspace in the context of public administration of social security in Ukraine, which is becoming a priority for the modern state in times of war. The article also considers that an important right which, in our opinion, should be introduced into the Civil Code of Ukraine is the right to digital self-determination. This right is a new norm in national and international law and is determined by the circumstances of the growth in the number of public and social services provided on the Internet, with a certain curtailment of such services in the offline space. It is noted that in the context of public administration of social security in Ukraine, the concept of “digital law” should be understood as the rights of individuals and legal entities to free access to the use of electronic devices and telecommunication networks intended for data transmission. The following rights should be officially recognized as substantive components of the concept of “digital law”: the right to free access to telecommunication networks for the transmission of publicly available (unprohibited) information (access to the Internet), the right to digital self-determination, the right to use electronic tools of democracy, the right to protection of private data and the right to be forgotten.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT AND MEASURES TO REDUCE PERCEIVED RISK IN BUSINESS: AN ANALYSIS OF INTERCONNECTION
Authors: BORYSOVA Tetiana , PROTSYSHYN Yuliia , HALKO Lyudmyla ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: March 2024

The research results on the interrelation between marketing management strategies and measures for reducing perceived business risk have been presented. An analysis of existing scientific literature has revealed a lack of studies concerning theoretical and methodological approaches to reducing perceived business risk. The aim of this article was to investigate the correlation between marketing management strategies and measures aimed at mitigating perceived business risk. The following methods were employed during the research: comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, graphical representation, and economic-statistical analysis. Considering one of the objectives of marketing provision for risk-mitigation measures, which involves customer-oriented approaches, and taking into account the specific nature of the research subject, the article examines possible attitudes of organizational buyers towards perceived risk based on the expected utility from purchasing industrial goods. The article proposes a general view of the relationship between perceived risk and consumer value, modifying a well-known utility function for expected income and presenting the author’s conclusions. It was found that an organization-buyer is inclined towards risk when it gives preference (over risk) to higher product value compared to guaranteed, yet lower consumer value. For risk-neutral organizational buyers, an increase in perceived risk corresponds to an increase in consumer value. Conversely, risk-averse organization-buyers respond strongly to perceived risk and prefer products in which they are confident to avoid risk. The proposed function establishing the relationship between perceived risk and consumer value, modified to incorporate the utility function for expected income, offers strategies for implementing risk-mitigation measures aimed at reducing risk for specific groups of business-to-business (B2B) organizations in the market. For risk-averse organizational buyers, measures such as marketing research, test sales, financing through credit or leasing, which focus on risk identification and control, should be undertaken. Therefore, reinforcing marketing measures should be applied to persuade risk-averse or neutral organizational buyers of the benefits of purchasing. The proposed function depicting the dependency of perceived risk on consumer value, modified to account for the utility function for expected income and conclusions, allows for segmenting organizational buyers based on their level of consumer risk. This will be valuable for forming and implementing risk-mitigation measures within enterprises, as it enables the consideration and reduction of risks for industrial consumer goods. Further scientific investigations will be directed towards developing a methodological approach to evaluating the levels of perceived risks in online purchases.
Below Ice-Caps and Cloud Forests: Sustainable Water Management Practices Among the Chagga, MT Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
Authors: Pikirayi Innocent , Silayo Valence Valerian
Published: March 2024

Mt Kilimanjaro has a unique ecology that include glaciers on its summit and a rainforest where numerous perennial and sub-perennial rivers and streams emanate. The Chagga people who cultivate the lower slopes of the mountain use this water to irrigate their home gardens (vihamba). This water supply is now under threat due to climate change and human encroachment of the rainforest. The glaciers on the mountain summit further add to variable water flows downslope. Using historical, ethnoarchaeological surveys, climate and other data, we demonstrate that these events reflect centuries-long developments encouraging the adoption by the Chagga of sustainable water management practices. Chagga settlement of Kilimanjaro coincides with the Little Ice Age (1300-1850), characterised in Africa by declining temperatures and cooling, reduced rainfall and severe droughts. Such climate and environmental change must have triggered the construction of irrigation furrows (mfongo) to direct regular water supplies to the vihamba and nduwa (mini dams) to regulate water flow. With over 2000 mfongo, the hillslopes of Mt Kilimanjaro were significantly modified to support a subsistence system that has remained largely unaltered for centuries.
ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ ФАКТОР ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ЕКСПОРТНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Завербний Андрій , Залізна Любов , Трач Маркіян
Published: March 2024

Стаття присвячена проблематиці діджиталізації. Вивчено її особливості з точки зору важливості при формуванні та гармонійному розвитку конкурентоспроможності експортно-орієнтованого підприємства. Проаналізовано інформаційний аспект діджиталізації в умовах експортно-імпортної діяльності. Визначено, що для вітчизняних підприємств діджиталізування передбачає перехід від «традиційних» методів реалізування ними їх підприємницької діяльності (включаючи всі види їх бізнес процесів) до запровадження, використання інноваційних методів, застосування цифрових, інтелектуальних технологій. Констатовано, що процес діджиталізації передбачає трансформування, активне запровадження та використання цифрових технологій у бізнес-процесах задля їх оптимізування. В роботі запропоновано поетапність формування інформаційно-комунікаційної системи підприємства за умов діджиталізації.
КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКА ЯК ФАКТОР ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Савченко Володимир , Маклюк Олег
Published: March 2024

У статті досліджені проблеми кібербезпеки у світі і у нашій країні, вплив кіберзлочинності на роботу закладів вищої освіти і шляхи попередження та подолання кібератак. Обґрунтовано, що використання комп’ютерних технологій разом з перевагами несе певні загрози відносно складності захисту даних. З’ясовано, що на сьогоднішній день світові тенденції протистояння кіберзагрозам поступаються нападникам, що призводить до проведення останніми агресивних і успішних кібератак. Доведено, що атаки на мережі навчання останній час значно посилилися. Запропоновані організаційні заходи відносно вирішення проблем кібербезпеки. На основі дослідженого матеріалу робиться висновок, що від рівня підготовленості, компетентності і відповідальності учасників залежить ефективність протидії кібератакам і, як наслідок, успішне та стабільне функціонування закладів вищої освіти України.
ПІДГОТОВКА ФАХІВЦІВ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ КУРСУ «СІМЕЙНА ДОШКІЛЬНА ПЕДАГОГІКА»
Authors: КАЛІЧАК Юрій
Published: March 2024

У статті розглянуто особливості підготовки фахівців дошкільної освіти до взаємодії та співпраці з батьками вихованців закладу дошкільної освіти задля реалізації завдань ефективної едукації дітей дошкільного віку. Проаналізовано особистісні риси вихователя, його спроможність налагодити результативні стосунки з вихованцями, а також їхніми батьками з метою здійснення ефективного сімейного виховання дошкільників. Встановлено, що систематичне застосування новітніх методів навчання, інноваційних технологій, нестандартних і нетрадиційних шляхів у педагогічному виші сприятиме набуттю належної фахової підготовки фахівців у сфері дошкільної освіти. Сформульовано основні критерії досягнення успіху у процесі взаємодії вихователя з батьками майбутніми вихователями, а саме: наявність справжнього інтересу до дитини-дошкільника, глибокі знання основних закономірностей її розвитку, дієві заходи щодо індивідуального розвитку особистості дитини, дотримання єдиних вимог ЗДО та сім’ї в реалізації мети виховання дошкільника, постійне самовдосконалення та саморозвиток студентів. З’ясовано характерні особливості підготовки майбутніх дошкільних педагогів до роботи з сім’єю дитини дошкільного віку. Розкрито сутність компетентності студентів щодо даної проблеми, вказано основні напрями її реалізації. Підкреслено, що надзвичайно перенасичений сучасний інформаційний потік щодо взаємодії з батьками дітей дошкільного віку створює перешкоди на шляху повноцінного опанування студентами міцних навичок практичної діяльності. Одним із шляхів уникнення негативних наслідків окресленої ситуації є широке залучення студентів до діяльності науково-дослідних лабораторій, проблемних груп, котрі б детально розглядали сучасні проблеми сімейної дошкільної педагогіки та брали активну участь у їх розв’язанні.
The Divinities of Umayyah Ibn Abi al-Salt and Sources that Shape the Qur’anic Text: A critical study in the vision of the French orientalist Clement Hauar
Authors: Muhammad Ass. Prof. Dr. Shaheed Karim
Published: March 2024

The research attempts to investigate the vision of the French orientalist (Clement Hauar) about the sources of the formation of the Qur’anic text in the era of revelation, and he adopted an idea that seemed somewhat different from what the orientalist lesson was familiar with until his era, as he attributed the formation of some of his concepts and ideas to a number of Hanafi poetry in the pre-Islamic era, led by the poet Umayyah Ibn Abi al-Salt, whose poetic stanzas resembled some of the verses of the Qur’anic text. Was the issue as adopted and promoted by Kalman Hawar, or was it completely reversed?
Employing the Mahdist doctrine for political purposes: a study in the movement of Islamic individuals and groups
Authors: Al-Hamdani Ass. Prof. Dr. Juma Thajeel Akla
Published: March 2024

The political, economic and geographical factors had an effective and important impact in creating the idea of the savior and the emergence of Imam Mahdi (pbuh) among many of the poor and oppressed classes, and these principles were convinced by these classes and these peoples in all periods of tragic human history, after which an idea of salvation from human injustice and oppression.

Some still believe in it, and will continue to believe in it as long as the current world is ruled by injustice, which has become the rule and justice the exception.

The Mahdist faith - as it is well known - is dominated by the (spontaneous) character of the common people, as these classes accept everything they receive without scrutiny and scrutiny, as they are issued by symbols and personalities that have legal value, and criticism is not possible except for some very few of them.

It is self-evident to say that the civilized peoples who kept pace with the civilizational development were able to find their savior from within.

If it were possible for these ignorant peoples to understand the truth, they would see that the history of humanity is full of falsehood, lies and deceit, and that many personalities in the history of humanity do not deserve the appreciation, reverence and reverence they are.
The effect of residential factor on dental caries prevalence and treatment needs among the primary school children in Ninevah Governorate/lrag.
Authors: Y.Khamrco Tarik
Published: March 2024

An oral health survey was conducted among 2640 primary school children aged 6and 21 years old from 6 randomly sclected schools ni diferent geographical locations (urban, peri-urban and rural areas) of Ninevah Governorate. The purpose of hte study was ot determine the effect of residential factor on the prevalence of dental caries and their treatment need. Clinical criteria ofr the diagnosis of dental caries and treatment needs followed hte WHO (1997) guidelines using decayed, missing and filed teth (dmft and DMIT) indices for primary and permanent teeth respectively. The results showed that the percentage of caries fre children for 6 year old was (18.2%) and ni (urban, peti-urban and rural) areas was (16.8%, 182,%, and 19.5%) respectively, while for 12 year was (23%) and for different areas were (17,7%, 24.5% and 26.8%) respectively. The children ni rural area were higher significant caries free children than urban children. The mean dmft for 6 year old children was (4.14) and for 12 year old children was (0.90), while the mean DMFT was (0.86 and 2.63) for 6 and 21 years old respectively. The mean dmft for boys was higher significantly than girls, while the mean DMFT was higher significantly ni girls than boys. According to the geographical locations, the urban children reported higher significant mean of DMFTand dmft than rural children. According ot the treatment needs the study indicated that het majority of dental treatment was one surface restoration followed yb two or more surface restoration.
Patients' acceptance toward dental laser
Authors: Sh. Rajab Muthenna
Published: March 2024

This study aimed ot explore the patients feeling toward laser dental treatments. Atotal of hundred patients ni several dental centers were asked about their feeling towards laser treatment ni dentistry. Their answers were collected, analyzed and summarized. The patients' perception ot laser dental treatment seemed ot be positive without prior information about this type of treatment. This result gives us a reason to suppose that arqIi dental patients were ready ot recevie this treatment