bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIATIONS OF SCIATIC NERVE BIFURCATION: A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Pandit Tinku Kumari , Hada Shanta , Kadel Muna
Published: February 2023

Background: The sciatic nerve is formed in the pelvic cavity and leaves the cavity through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle. It terminates by giving tibial and common peroneal (fibular) nerve near the superior angle of the popliteal fossa. Awareness of variations in bifurcation of sciatic nerve is significant during deep intramuscular gluteal injections, clinical conditions such as piriformis syndrome, sciatica, coccygodynia and muscle atrophy. The main objective of this study was to highlight the site of bifurcation of sciatic nerve.
Methods: An observational cross–sectional study was performed in the Department of Anatomy of KIST medical college & Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The data was collected after ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. 50 specimens were taken in the study by convenient sampling method. Sciatic nerve was observed in respect to its site of bifurcation.
Results: Out of 50 lower limbs, in 30 specimens (60%) the sciatic nerve showed bifurcation near the superior angle of popliteal fossa. 20 lower limbs (40%) showed variations,of which eight limbs (16%) showed division of nerve prior to its exit in the gluteal region, eight limb (16%) showed division in upper 2/3rd of back of thigh and four limbs (8%) showed division of the nerve in the popliteal fossa.
Conclusions: This study concludes that the majority of sciatic nerve divides at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa while some divided into other regions such as pelvis, thigh & popliteal fossa.
CLINICAL COURSE AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH SOLID ORGAN INJURY IN BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
Authors: Bhattarai Suraj , Acharya Ashish , Tamrakar Kishor Kumar
Published: February 2023

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma, one of the most common injuries caused by road traffic accident are usually not obvious hence often missed unless repeatedly looked for. In view of this, the study was aimed to diagnose the solid organ injury and its incidence, mode, age, sex distribution, time of presentation, clinical course, management, time interval between injury and surgery, postoperative complications and outcomes.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of General surgery, Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, from August 2020 to July 2021. Data were collected with clinical history/examination, injury assessment, appropriate investigations, modes and patterns. Documentation with identification, history, clinical findings, diagnosis, management, complications and outcomes were done and analyzed with SPSS version 16.
Results: Among 83 patients, most of them aged between 16-30 years (57.8%). Male to female ratio was 1.96:1. The most common mode was road traffic accidents (55.5%). Commonly injured organ was spleen (51%) and liver (30%) with associated other organs (65%). Conservative management was done in 62% and operative in 38%. Majority of patients were operated after 4-6 hours of initial presentation. The more the time interval between injury and surgery, the more the complications, duration of hospital stay and mortality. Post-operative complications were noted in 38.5% and mortality in7.22%.
Conclusions: Blunt abdominal trauma was common and mainly associated with road traffic accidents. Associated abdominal and extra abdominal injury, delay presentation, diagnosis and intervention significantly predict high mortality and poor outcomes.
BURDEN AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG CAREGIVERS OF MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS ADMITTED IN TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Subba Ramesh , Subba Hem Kumari , Nepal Sarita , Ghimire Amrita
Published: February 2023

Background: The family member is an important support system in the care of patient with chronic mental illness. The caregivers experience from a number of significant stresses and burden and need concern from the mental health professionals. The objective of the study was to assess the extent of burden and coping strategies among caregivers of mentally-ill patients.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used among 102 caregivers of mentally ill patients admitted in Psychiatric ward of Chitwan Medical College, Teaching Hospital. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. Data were collected from 27 January 2020 to 29 May 2020 using a structured interview schedule and record review. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Results: Among 102 caregivers, it was found that 47.1% caregivers perceived moderate to severe burden, 41.2% of the caregivers experienced mild to moderate and 11.8% experienced minimal burden. The highest median percentage of caregivers reported financial burden (50%) where 41.66% reported burden in the relationship. The most frequently used strategies were use of informational support (62.5%), venting (62.5%), positive reframing (62.5%), acceptance (62.5%), and religion (62.5%).
Conclusions: The highest percentage of caregivers experienced moderate to severe burden. So, mental health professionals should develop training programs that include counseling to support both patients and family caregivers to reduce the family burden and improving coping skills.
SIGNS AND ETIOLOGIES OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AMONG MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS ATTENDING CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE, BHARATPUR
Authors: Gurung Sailesh , Adhikari Shital , Bhattarai Madhur Dev , Gauli Basanta , Puri Niraj , Patel Sunil , Wagley Pratik
Published: February 2023

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) in mechanically ventilated patients may signify life-threatening complications which may be potentially reversible. The aim of the study was to determine the signs and etiologies of respiratory distress in patients under mechanical ventilation.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done on adult patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) with Respiratory distress admitted at Chitwan Medical College, Nepal from January 2021 to June 2021.We studied various signs and etiologies of RD in different days on MV. Descriptive analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 66 patients were included in the study with mean  ± SD of age was 55.3 ± 15.8 years with equal proportion of male and female. Out of total 154 occurrences of 11 signs in 66 patients, agitation was the most common one occurring 29.3% of times followed by use of accessory muscle in 15.9%. Most common cause of respiratory distress was interstitial syndrome of increased extra-vascular lung water or density on ultrasound was present more in patients on MV for ≥ 5 days.  Most patients (74.2%) had multiple RD signs and 25.8% had only a single sign. Gasping was more common in patients on MV ≥ 5 days and agitation and delirium more in early days of MV.
Conclusions: More than half of the conditions associated with RD on MV are relatively reversible and as the patients can develop RD any time or any day after being put on MV, a continued vigilance system is essential for their timely assessment and management.
Evaluation of Postoperative Pain Following Sonic and Ultrasonic Root Canal Irrigation Activation Protocols in Patients with Non-vital Teeth Associated with Apical Periodontitis (Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Future University in Egypt, Ibrahim Esraa , Hessein Wael , Nabil Nehal , Abdelwahed Adel
Published: February 2023

Aim: Evaluate the degree of postoperative pain in patients with necrotic teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis in mandibular first molar teeth at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs time interval after using different irrigation activation techniques in single-visit endodontic treatment. Material and Methods: Seventy-eight patients diagnosed with necrotic mandibular first molar with symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 separate groups (n=26); Navitip group (control), EndoUltra group, or Eddy group. After a single visit root canal treatment and a specific method of agitation, depending on each group, the patients were given a questionnaire on which the patient would mark the degree of pain in a scale from 0 to 10 at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days post-obturation. Data were statistically analyzed with a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: EndoUltra ultrasonic agitation and Eddy sonic agitation as a final irrigation protocol showed significantly lower pain values than the control group, but there was no significant difference in pain values between the experimental groups. Conclusion: There was significantly less pain associated with EndoUltra ultrasonic and Eddy sonic agitation compared to Navitip irrigation
Clinical And Radiographic Assessment of Xenogenic Bone Graft with or Without Hyaluronic Acid for Post Extraction Socket Preservation (Randomized Clinical Trial)
Authors:   Future University in Egypt, Abdelzaher Khaled , Aly Lobna , Ezz Mostafa , Elarini Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

Aim: hyaluronic acid shows osteogenic potentials which considered important property during bone regeneration. So, we aim to assess the efficiency of hyaluronic acid with xenograft mixture in post extraction alveolar sockets to decelerate resorption of dental alveolar ridge. Materials and Methods: A total of twelve patients with twenty nonrestorable maxillary premolars, which were extracted atraumatically are included in this study. Twenty extracted sockets were divided randomly into two equal groups. Sockets were grafted as follows: Group (I) sockets were grafted by xenograft mixed with hyaluronic acid; Group (II) sockets were grafted by xenograft alone. CBCT scans are made for each patient to measure bone density while pain assessment was done by VAS (visual analogue scale) for pain postoperatively. Results: All preserved sockets enrolled in this study received final crowns over the abutments and the Osseo integrated implants were in fully function position without any complication. According to VAS pain recorded a higher mean value (7.4±1.35) for Group (I), in comparison to Group (II) (4.2±1.48). The differences between study and control groups were statistically significant (p=0.00). While Radiographic bone density Group (I) recorded a higher mean value (879.09±118.76), in comparison to Group (II) (546.18±123.61). The differences between study and control groups were statistically significant (p=0.00) Conclusion: The results clearly concluded that both groups are successful in achieving clinical and radiographic socket preservation with superiority for xenograft mixed with hyaluronic acid
The Channelling of Liability Under the 1999 Montreal Convention
Authors: Zhou Hao
Published: February 2023

As the cornerstone of international air carrier liability rules, the 1999 Montreal Convention has created a ‘channelled’ liability system to promote adequate and rapid compensation. This article first explores the origin of ‘channelling’ liability under the Montreal Convention, then examines two possible scenarios arising from ‘channelling’ of liability; finally analyses the legal effect of ‘channelled’ liability in light of the Convention’s purposes, while noting difficulties faced by carriers because of third-party indemnity claims.

air carrier liability, channelling of lability, Montreal Convention, third-party claims, indemnification
Effects of Procedural Misconduct on the Allocation of Costs in International Arbitration
Authors: Moser Robin
Published: February 2023

While it is controversial what principles an arbitral tribunal should apply when making a cost award under normal circumstances, it is widely accepted that an arbitral tribunal may take the parties’ procedural conduct into account and the most commonly applied institutional rules all confer broad discretion on the arbitral tribunal to consider procedural misconduct when deciding about costs.

Procedural misconduct can occur in different forms and facets. The most regularly reported forms include frivolous or inflated claims, meritless requests, unsolicited submissions, dilatory or obstructive behavior and failure to produce documents. Since misconduct contravenes the duty to arbitrate in good faith and the goal to conduct the arbitration in a cost and time efficient manner, procedural misconduct of a certain gravity should not go unnoticed. Arbitrators should under appropriate circumstances indemnify the opponent and/or sanction the party engaged in misconduct for wasteful behavior by rendering an adverse cost award. They can do so either in an interim or partial award or at the end of the proceedings.
Sustainable Banking: Challenges and the Way Forward
Authors: Yeoh Peter
Published: February 2023

This article reviews the challenges and the path forward for sustainable banking in the digital era. In particular, it evaluates the progress of the self-regulatory voluntary use of the Equator Principles (EPs), especially by multinational banks, and the main challenges faced.

Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, Directors’ Duties, Equator Principles, ESG, Greenwashing, Risk Management, SDG, Sustainable Banking, Sustainability Reporting
Smart Contracts and the Theory of Detrimental Reliance: Exploring the Link
Authors: Bhattacharya Ayesha
Published: February 2023

A relatively recent phenomenon, smart contracts have slowly revolutionized the sphere of commercial transactions through faster, cheaper and automated means, by removing layers of unnecessary negotiation. A combination of law and coding, smart contracts have the potential to redesign our understanding of the basic doctrines of contract law. This article investigates the possible link which exists between smart contracts and the theory of detrimental reliance through the application of such contracts to certain age-old landmark cases, predominantly cited in the realm of contract law. It proposes the notion that issues pertaining to negotiation and miscommunication which have been the core matter of disputes in such cases, may have been easily avoided through an application of smart contracts, which compel enforcement at every stage. In particular, this article has explored the verdict of the jury in the matter of Pennzoil v. Texaco and construed that smart contracts have a key role to play even in instances of in-principle agreements. Further, this article has explored the possibility that, like any novel invention, smart contracts are not without their flaws and has examined the criticisms put forth regarding the applicability and adoption of such contracts, in certain instances. Finally, the author has concluded that a mechanism which would combine the strengths of both smart contracts and paper-based agreements is the need of the hour, to eliminate issues of ambiguity, enforcement and to permit the determination of more subjective legal criteria, as may be contractually required.

Consideration, detrimental reliance, Pennzoil v. Texaco, promissory estoppel, smart contracts
Geopolitics: Rising Global Risks for Businesses
Authors: Yeoh Peter
Published: February 2023

This article examines current thinking on geopolitics and its implications for businesses. It will also explore response options for businesses, including accountability implications for board members.

Geopolitics, businesses, business strategy, risk management
Article: Fictitious Interest and Dividends Under Tax Treaties and the EU Directives
Authors: Kostikidis Savvas , Striefler Florian
Published: February 2023

On 24 February 2022 the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled in the case Viva Telecom Bulgaria EOOD v. Direktor na Direktsia Obzhalvane i danachno-osiguritelna praktika – Sofia (Case C-257/20) (ECJ, 24 February 2022, Case C-257/20, Viva Telecom Bulgaria EOOD v. Direktor na Direktsia Obzhalvane i danachno-osiguritelna praktika – Sofia, ECLI:EU: C:2022:125), inter alia, that fictitious interest payments do not enjoy withholding tax (WHT) exemption neither under the Interest and Royalties Directive (2003/49) (Council Directive 2003/49/EC of 3 June 2003 on a common system of taxation applicable to interest and royalty payments made between associated companies of different Member States, OJ L 157, 26 June 2003) (IRD) nor under the Parent-Subsidiary Directive (2011/96) (Council Directive 2011/96/EU of 30 November 2011 on the common system of taxation applicable in the case of parent companies and subsidiaries of different Member States, OJ L 345, 29 December 2011) (PSD) (together referred to as the directives). This article questions this finding and argues that fictitious interest and dividends should fall under the IRD and PSD respectively.

IRD, PSD, EU corporate taxation, fictitious interest, fictitious dividends, CFC, tax avoidance, transfer pricing adjustment
Post-Pandemic Telehealth: An Unhealthy Privacy Prescription
Authors: Seraj Sultan-Mahmood
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic catapulted the use of telehealth services across the United States (US). In response to the public health emergency, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the US Department for Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a notice relaxing privacy and security safeguards outlined in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). During the past two years, several novel legal issues have arisen due to these lenient standards. The US government has not adequately considered standardizing rules for remote telehealth consultations and regulating the flow of sensitive patient data in a post-COVID world. This article addresses key legal issues associated with telehealth services while recommending national standards to mitigate physician liability while prioritizing patient care.
The China-US Trade Conflict and Its Impact on the World Trade System and the Future of Multilateralism
Authors: Altemöller Frank
Published: February 2023

The trade conflict between China and the US has an impact on many levels. The initial discussion was focused on the economic effects both feared and caused by the trade restrictions. This study, however, will go further than an economic-empirical analysis. Rather, it addresses the structural implications of the conflict: as a result of the US blockade of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Appellate Body, the functioning of the world trade system remains in question. Even though a number of Member States currently participate in a substitute interim dispute settlement system outside the WTO, the future of the world trade system is nonetheless closely tied to a functioning dispute settlement process. For that is the only means by which to guarantee that the contracting parties can trust that their mutually agreed rights and obligations will be respected – and that how dispute settlement will ensure trust in the world trade system as a whole.

But what are the prospects for dispute settlement in a situation that is characterized not only by stagnation, but above all by open trade disputes, and for which there is no foreseeable resolution? Are we now witnessing not only a crisis of dispute settlement, but more so, an inability for dispute settlement to function in a multilateral arrangement that lacks a perspective? The author considers the US blockade to be a consequence of the increasing intensification of the global competitive situation, within which the liberalization interests of key actors are going through a transformation. The study will demonstrate how this is leading to more differentiated forms of trade policy, economic and geopolitical integration that operate beyond the previous multilateral liberalization concepts. Nevertheless, the world trade system has an undeniably central role to play in addressing urgent issues of our common future. The author discusses the challenges that lie ahead and asks how further developments can be achieved.

World Trade System, Appellate Body, Dispute Settlement, China-US Trade Conflict, Delegation Sovereign Rights, Sovereignty, Decision Making Practice, US Trade Representative, Non-Market Economy, State-Led Economy, Governance, Trade Liberalization, Blockade, Multilateralism, Global Competition
Transparency in ISDS: A Study Based on Multi-party Agreements
Authors: Bhaskar Smrithi , Choudhary Vishakha
Published: February 2023

The virtues of transparency and confidentiality in international judicial processes are often debated, including in relation to investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). The extent of transparency in an ISDS proceeding may vary based on the applicable arbitration rules and the text of the international investment treaties under which the dispute arises. In this context, this article studies the practice of States reflected in select multiparty agreements. The sample of agreements considered, by virtue of the large number of participating countries, significance of trade and investment flows between participants, or both, may be considered representative of global trends or the lack thereof. The article also discusses how the transparency and confidentiality provisions in such agreements interact with the applicable arbitration rules and the net effect on transparency in ISDS.

ISDS, transparency, UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, public access to documents, open hearings, third parties, publication of orders, confidentiality.
Cláusulas arbitrais em números no mercado de capitais brasileiro
Authors: Pargendler Mariana , Muller Prado Viviane , Fajreldines Santos Ezequiel , Martins Viol Dalila
Published: February 2023

This empirical study updates and extends research published in 2014 on the use of arbitration clauses by publicly traded companies in Brazil to elucidate the current state and recent developments in the field of arbitration in Brazilian capital markets. In 2021, 234 publicly traded companies had arbitration clauses in their corporate charter, amounting to 61% of companies listed on B3. Even in the Traditional and Level 1 segments, where arbitration is not mandatory, 27% of the companies had arbitration clauses in their corporate charter, compared to only 15% in 2013. In addition, among the 41% listed companies with shareholder agreements, 77% opt for arbitration, compared to 70% in 2013. Although a significant proportion of companies have not yet adopted arbitration clauses, we observe a small increase in the adoption of arbitration by publicly traded companies between 2013 and 2021. In the last quarter of 2021, 18% of the companies comprising the Ibovespa index had no arbitration clause in their corporate charter. When arbitration not mandatory, the Câmara de Arbitragem do Mercado was selected by 76% of companies listed on Traditional and Level 1 segments, as well as by 61% of the total number of companies that have an arbitration clause in their shareholder agreements.

Empirical study; capital market; publicly traded companies; arbitration clause; arbitration; corporate charter; shareholder agreement.
Case Law Trend: The Question of Interaction Between the Tax and Criminal Proceedings in the ECtHR Case-Law
Authors: Bahçeci Barış , Çelik Demirhan Burak
Published: February 2023

This objective of this study is to analyse the definition and the application of the concept of sufficiently close in substance and in time by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in terms of tax penalties. The Court implements this concept in Article 4 of the Protocol Number 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and intends to regulate the interaction between the two sets of (tax and criminal) procedures that deal with the penalization of the same matter. The progress of the case law is examined from the Glantz and Nykänen judgments in 2014 and the Kristjansson judgment in 2021. Two research questions are addressed: What is the connection in substance, and what is the connection in time? For the first question, the case law points out that the connection in substance requires the repetition in collection evidence. However, the boundaries of the relationship that should be established between the two sets of proceedings are uncertain and debatable. For the second question, the temporal connection has not yet been defined in case law, and its application overlaps with the scope of the right to a fair trial. Thus, it is seen that the boundaries in the both contexts need to be redrawn in order to eliminate the current ambivalence.

ECtHR case-law, interaction between proceedings, connection in substance, connection in time, ne bis in idem, tax penalty, tax procedure, right to a fair trial.
Article: Interpretation of Multi-lateral Treaties: The Purposive Approach and Multiple Parties Through the Lens of the UK Courts
Authors: Brown H. , Jackson G.
Published: February 2023

In this article the authors consider how to interpret the multilateral provisions in relation to tax administration such as the Common Reporting Standard (CRS), Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) and the Mandatory Disclosure Regime, the pace of adoption of which continues to accelerate. They discuss whether the pre-existing framework provided by the Vienna Convention on The Law of Treaties is either adequate or appropriate in its application to the interpretation of such multi-later instruments. In light of this analysis the authors consider what principles of interpretation are found in case law and whether the principles ennunciated in Fowler v. Revenue and Customs Commissioners [2021] 1 All ER 97, could be used to remedy any deficiency in the Vienna Rules. This includes an examination of the dangers of the use of commentary in the interpretation of multi-later instrument and the importance of principles that allow the interpretative tradition of the relevant jurisdiction to override commentary. Having examined these difficulties and the inadequacies in the modern interpretive code, they propose methods of approach to ease the interpretative issues created by multi-lateral instruments, including the possibility of an internal code of interpretation for such multi-lateral instruments.

Treaty interpretation, multilateral, BEPS, CRS, MDR, OECD, purposive interpretation, Vienna Convention, tax treaties, double taxation.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK KEKAYAAAN INTELEKTUAL MEREK MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG MEREK DAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS
Authors: Nurlis Effendi
Published: February 2023

Kekayaan Intelektual adalah anugerah dari Tuhan melalui olah pikir manusia yang dihasilkan dan dikeluarkan melalui tenaga dan jerih payah yang perlu mendapatkan perlindungan. Hak tersebut perlu diberi penghargaan setelah manusia menghasilkan kekayaan intelektual merek. Perolehan penghargaan hak kekayaan intekeltual didapatkan melalui permohonan pendaftaran merek kepada Direktorat Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Metode penetian ini menggunakan jenis kualitatif dengan metode penelitian normatif-empiris non judicial case dengan menggunakan data-data yang dihasilkan dan didapatkan dengan melakukan wawancara serta kegiatan bersamaan pengumpulan data di kantor wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Lampung bidang hak kekayaan intelektual. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu perlindungan kekayaan intelektual memiliki 3 faktor yaitu: 1. Faktor dari Ekonomi, 2. Faktor Perlindungan Budaya 3. Faktor Kepastian Hukum. Perlindungan tersebut diciptakan agar pemilik kekayaan intelektual dapat mengembangkan atau berinovasi dalam kekayaan intelektual. Hal ini secara rinci peneliti uraikan pada isi dan hasil dan pembahasan.
Edukasi Peningkatan Pengetahuan Tentang Penyakit Asma
Authors: Hapipah  , Istianah
Published: February 2023

Asma merupakan penyakit yang sering dijumpai dimasyarakat dan menjadi masalah publik di seluruh dunia. Pentingnya upaya pencegahan asma bertujuan agar penderita tidak mengalami ke kambuhan penyakitnya, sehingga mengurangi kunjungan ke pelayanan kesehatan untuk berobat. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyakit asma yang dilakukan dengan cara memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat.
Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan demonstrasi yang dilakukan pada tanggal 22 Desember 2022 di dusun kumbak desa Ranggagata, Lombok Tengah dengan peserta sebanyak 51 orang untuk mengukur pengetahuan warga tentang penyakit asma. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah kuesioner pengetahuan tentang asma. Sebelum diberikan edukasi berupa penyuluhan kesehatan tentang penyakit asma, peserta dilakukan pre test dan setelah penyampaian materi, dilakukan post test untuk mengobservasi pengetahuan peserta.
Hasil evaluasi dari kegiatan ini didapatkan peserta mengerti dan memahami tentang penyakit asma, faktor-faktor pencetus munculnya ke kambuhan, cara pencegahan jika serangan asma terjadi serta mampu mempraktikkan terapi relaksasi napas dalam untuk mengurangi sesak. Pengetahuan warga dusun Kumbak sebelum diberikan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang asma sebagian besar pengetahuannya kurang yaitu sebanyak 38 orang (74,5%), meningkat setelah diberikan penyuluhan kesehatan menjadi tingkat pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 29 orang (56,9%).
Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dusun Kumbak tentang penyakit asma setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini diharapkan bisa dilakukan secara berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang masalah kesehatan lainnya.
Educação, democracia e desigualdades: A experiência educacional discente numa escola de Lauro de Freitas no primeiro ano pandêmico (2020)
Authors: Ferreira Rubens , Escobar de Oliveira Merilyn
Published: February 2023

Existe um debate em curso no Brasil sobre o impacto da pandemia do novo coronavírus na educação brasileira. A crise institucional e política que girou em torno da existência do vírus nos primeiros meses da pandemia proporcionou uma ambiência nacional de conflito entre os governos federal, estadual e municipal, o que resultou num comportamento institucional assimétrico no setor educacional, em todo o país, no que tange à dialética educação e doença. A presente pesquisa propõe-se a analisar a experiência de implementação do ensino não presencial (remoto emergencial) em uma escola municipal baiana no primeiro ano pandêmico (2020), a partir de dois eixos:  os desafios educacionais proporcionados pela pandemia do novo coronavírus e as especificidades do corpo discente no processo de aprendizagem no primeiro ano pandêmico. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as disputas políticas em torno da pandemia da covid-19 impactaram negativamente o setor educacional, causando um desequilíbrio institucional nas ações da secretaria e unidade escolar. A experiência educacional discente ficou prejudicada devido ao aumento das desigualdades no município e dificuldades educacionais ligadas à tecnologia.
COVERS OF MUSIC AND SONGS WITHOUT NO LICENSE AGREEMENT OF THE CREATOR AND COPYRIGHT HOLDER CARRIED OUT BY CORPORATE AND INDIVIDUAL BLACK YOUTUBERS ON THE YOUTUBE CHANNEL
Authors: Harwanto Edi Ribut
Published: February 2023

Criminal acts such piracy, copying, covering, distributing, and arranging musical works that belong to copyright holders, associated rights holders, and performers without a license or permission cannot be dealt with solely by illegal law enforcement under the Copyright Law. Furthermore, violators of piracy, song covers, music rearrangements without the consent of the copyright owners, associated rights, and performers shall face criminal penalties under Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014. This socio-legal research method study is a study that "integrates" doctrinal studies with social studies. In this study, using the postpositivism paradigm as the foundation of reality based on experience. To provide a sense of justice and legal certainty for copyright holders, connected rights, and future performers, the author's conclusions and recommendations are that the criminal provisions in Law No. 28 of 2014 respecting Copyrights that face juridical challenges should be reformulated. Besides, in the transition phase to the application of criminal sanctions provisions in the copyright law, Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning Corruption as a legal subject in terms of Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) and Law No. 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions on Tax Procedures, the legal subject can be seen from the non-payment of license taxes to the state treasury as state income.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) WITH HYDROPONIC APPLICATION OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER FRUIT WASTE
Authors: Azlina Nor Aida , Sari Mella Mutika , Istyadji Maya
Published: February 2023

Research on the application of fruit waste liquid organic fertilizer to the growth of pakcoy plants (Brassica rapa L.) has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response of the pakcoy plant (Brassica rapa L.) to the application of liquid organic fertilizer from fruit waste at various concentrations hydroponically and to determine the best concentration of liquid organic fertilizer for the research results. The design of this study used CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with experimental data collection methods. This research was conducted with one control treatment, 5 treatments and 4 replications namely D0 (100% AB mix), D1 (25%), D2 (40%), D3 (55%), D4 (70%) and D5 (85%). Data were analyzed statistically through ANOVA test and followed by 5% DMRT test. Based on the research results obtained, the application of liquid organic fertilizer from fruit waste had a significant effect on the growth response of pakcoy plants (Brassica rapa L.). This can be seen in the best treatment found in treatment D5 (85%), as evidenced by the highest average result of fruit waste liquid organic fertilizer at plant height: 22.075 cm, number of leaves: 20.25 leaves and fresh weight: 41. 25 gr/plant. Thus, the use of fruit waste as a POC affects the effectiveness of pakcoy growth.
Pitfalls and potential pathways to commercialization of indigenous food crops, fruits, and vegetables in Africa
Authors: Onomu Achoja Roland
Published: February 2023

All foods have local origins, but their commercialization and global acceptance remain challenging. Agricultural commercialization involves producing agricultural products for financial gain and market purposes beyond family consumption. Indigenous foods have vast societal benefits, including cultural, employment, medicinal, food security-related, nutritional, and financial. However, indigenous food consumption and demand are constantly declining because exotic foods are replacing them, despite recent campaigns for their increased commercialization. The study investigates the challenges associated with indigenous food commercialization, possible pathways to commercialization, and the role of the government in commercializing indigenous food. It offers a hypothesized structure and essential blueprint for sustainable indigenous food (crop) commercialization. The methodology involved a review of the literature using various search engines, scholarly sites, and print books, combining quantitative and qualitative research. Scaling indigenous food for sustainable commercialization beyond dependency on the wild product takes specific steps, including domestication, certification, and effective government-private collaboration. Policies to improve the sustainability of indigenous food are urgently required to save them from extinction and meet future demand. Many indigenous foods are hindered by low-status perception, poor value addition, inadequate knowledge of their potential, lack of market penetration, and global acceptability challenges. Indigenous food commercialization lacks a holistic and systematic approach involving careful planning, procedural steps, and an aggressive market-spreading mechanism for global adoption. An excellent strategic relationship between government and stakeholders is a prerequisite for indigenous food commercialization, but the onus is on the government to commit to indigenous food commercialization programs.
Newfangled Design Thinking-Based Application for Blood Donation and Assistance
Authors: V Archana , B Deepak
Published: February 2023

All lives are in the digital era, where everything is available online and mostly application. To enrich its strength, an application for blood donation has been developed in the name of “Blood World”. This application helps to overcome the knowledgelessness over blood donation and services by providing accurate information about the availability of blood and ways to donate blood.There are more centers to provide the information on blood donation camps, but in this era the human beings are busy with their periodic schedule. so make it available in the form of a mobile application. Requests can also be given which will be processed earlier than the available ones. The application also includes information about the cause and preventive measures about blood related problems and also includes options for making appointments with the doctors. The complete design is made up of XML and the powerful language JAVA is used in the construction of application. The app thus developed is highly reliable and is more user-friendly.
Design and Simulation of a PV Solar System with Silicon Hetero-Junction Technology (HJT) for a Residential Stand-Alone "off Grid" System with Batteries Using PV Syst Software in Iraq/Baghdad
Authors: Sarraj Ahmad Al- , Mehdi Marwah Sabah , Mahdi Omar S.
Published: February 2023

Recently, the environment has been negatively impacted by the excessive CO2 emissions caused by the wide usage of fossil fuels in electricity generation. If this continued, it is predicted that the temperature of the atmosphere would rise, causing an increase in storms, hurricanes, droughts, dust, and floods. Therefore, as renewable energy produces little to no emissions, there is an urgent need to adapt it in recent times. Meanwhile, The PV sector has experienced rapid growth in recent years. The PV sector is embracing new technology, and the cell efficiency has been rising rapidly like Silicon Hetero- junction technology HJT which has offered additional benefits: It offers a well-suited application to reach efficiencies above 23% with process temperatures below 200°C. HJT solar panels have >90% module bifaciality and a low temperature coefficient (-0.3 %/C°), and provide additional benefit to the Levelized Cost of Energy LCOE and output power for PV systems. This study intends to assess the efficiency of a residential off-grid system with (HJT) PV panels at a total power of 2.0 kWh and the daily power close to 10 KWh/day with a 48V system in Iraq/Baghdad. PVsyst (7.2.11 version) software has been used for the analysis to calculate the energy output, and enhancing the system design. The characteristics, solar radiation, and ambient temperature are also included in the meteorological data used for evaluation, which is taken from PVsyst's database.
Experimental Insight Into the Fair Process Effect and Its Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ansems Lisa , van den Bos Kees , Mak Elaine
Published: February 2023

Experimental Insight Into the Fair Process Effect and Its Boundary Conditions

The perception of being treated fairly during decision-making processes is an important topic in the research literature on law and society. Many studies have indeed found that perceived procedural justice affects people’s reactions, for instance, by increasing their trust in legal authorities and lowering their intentions to protest against these authorities’ decisions. Here, we reveal support for this fair process effect and point to some of its potential boundary conditions. In our experimental study, 239 participants imagined being the defendant during a single-judge criminal court hearing that used either a fair or an unfair procedure. Following the experience of a fair as opposed to an unfair procedure, participants showed more trust in judges and were less inclined to protest against the judicial ruling. Interestingly, the effect of the procedure manipulation on trust in judges was moderated by the extent to which participants attributed their case outcomes to external causes. We found a fair process effect among participants with relatively low external attribution ratings, while this effect attenuated and was not statistically significant among participants whose external attribution ratings were relatively high. These findings point to the possibility that attributional processes can moderate people’s responses to procedural justice in legally relevant contexts.
Productaansprakelijkheid in het digitale tijdperk
Authors: Wassink J. , Loos M.B.M.
Published: February 2023

Productaansprakelijkheid in het digitale tijdperk. De Richtlijn productaansprakelijkheid bij de tijd gebracht

Op 28 september 2022 heeft de Europese Commissie een voorstel gedaan tot herziening van de Richtlijn productaansprakelijkheid. Het richtlijnvoorstel beoogt de bestaande richtlijn bij de tijd te brengen, onder meer door expliciet te maken dat software een product is dat onder de regeling valt, en door onder omstandigheden ook degene die een ingrijpende bewerking van de zaak uitvoert, en het online platform waar een product op is besteld, als fabrikant aan te merken. In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs in op de belangrijkste wijzigingen die het richtlijnvoorstel met zich zal brengen en bespreken zij of die wijzigingen in de praktijk tot verbeteringen zal leiden. Aan het slot gaan de auteurs kort in op het aanpalende voorstel voor een richtlijn op het terrein van het aansprakelijkheidsrecht voor kunstmatige intelligentie.

Voorstel voor een Richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad inzake aansprakelijkheid voor producten met gebreken, COM(2022)495 final.

Voorstel voor een Richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad betreffende de aanpassing van de regels inzake niet-contractuele civielrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid aan artificiële intelligentie (AI), COM(2022)496 final.
Contant geld: hoe rechters omgaan met een witwasvermoeden en de verklaring van verdachte
Authors: Regtering R.A.
Published: February 2023

Contant geld: hoe rechters omgaan met een witwasvermoeden en de verklaring van verdachte

Contant geld is het meest gebruikte instrument om geld wit te wassen en wordt regelmatig aangetroffen. Vaak is niet bekend uit welk misdrijf dit contante geld afkomstig is. Toch kan de rechter tot een veroordeling voor witwassen komen in zo’n geval. Er moet dan allereerst sprake zijn van een witwasvermoeden. Bij een gerechtvaardigd witwasvermoeden mag vervolgens een concrete, verifieerbare verklaring van de verdachte worden verlangd voor de herkomst van het contante geld. Maar welke omstandigheden hebben invloed op de totstandkoming van zo’n witwasvermoeden? En wanneer is een verklaring over contant geld voldoende concreet en verifieerbaar? Deze vragen staan centraal in dit artikel.
De voorgestelde rechterlijke toetsing bij hoge transacties: een rechtsvergelijking met de Verenigde Staten, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Frankrijk
Authors: Oldhoff P.H.
Published: February 2023

De voorgestelde rechterlijke toetsing bij hoge transacties: een rechtsvergelijking met de Verenigde Staten, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Frankrijk

Het ‘Conceptwetsvoorstel naar aanleiding van de evaluatie van de Wet OM-afdoening’ introduceert onder andere een rechterlijke toetsing bij voorgenomen hoge transacties. Aan de hand van een rechtsvergelijking met de transactiepraktijken in de Verenigde Staten, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Frankrijk zet dit artikel uiteen hoe de voorgestelde rechterlijke toetsing zich verhoudt tot haar internationale tegenhangers.
Tussen plan en aanpak. Over het wetsvoorstel Wet plan van aanpak witwassen
Authors: Ipenburg D.C.
Published: February 2023

Tussen plan en aanpak. Over het wetsvoorstel Wet plan van aanpak witwassen

Bespreking van het wetsvoorstel Wet plan van aanpak witwassen, dat in oktober 2022 bij de Tweede Kamer is ingediend. Het voorstel bevat maatregelen om witwaspraktijken effectiever te bestrijden. Eerdere versies van het voorstel konden rekenen op fundamentele bezwaren. Deze bezwaren hielden vooral verband met de gezamenlijke monitoring van banktransacties. Een kernvraag in dit artikel is in hoeverre de regering aan deze bezwaren tegemoet is gekomen.
Estudio interpretativo de las competencias de la Unión en materia de energía
Authors: Fabrés Garrido Eva
Published: February 2023

Una de las claves en la lucha contra el cambio climático es el proceso de transición energética. En la situación de emergencia climática global, la Unión Europea se encuentra en una posición de vulnerabilidad, debiendo afrontar riesgos vinculados a la seguridad y al reto de la sostenibilidad. Las competencias de que dispone la Unión condicionan su capacidad de acción y reacción en el marco de la transición energética. El presente artículo analiza la interpretación de las competencias de la Unión en materia de energía, los elementos de la política energética y su relación con otras políticas comunitarias, para determinar si son coherentes con las exigencias derivadas de la transición energética.
The Role of Parental Involvement in Student Academic Outcomes
Authors: Utami Alma Yulia
Published: February 2023

It has been demonstrated that parental involvement in a student's academic life improves the student's performance. Assisting with schoolwork, joining in extracurriculars, and talking to teachers are all examples of ways to get involved in the classroom. Parents who are actively interested in their children's education have been linked to improved academic performance, improved school attendance, and increased participation in advanced courses. Increased parental participation has been linked to improved school attitudes and increased academic motivation in children. A student's academic performance may be hindered by socioeconomic or familial problems, yet parental participation can act as a buffer against these influences. Efforts to engage and assist parents in their child's education can have a long-lasting, beneficial effect on a student's academic and personal development, and parents' involvement plays a substantial role in students' academic outcomes.
Ugnayan: A Positive Psychological Program for Enhancing the Well-Being of Filipino COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Vanguardia-Batanes Ann Gladwyne , Perez Jeannie
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 survivors are prone to psychological distress even after recovery. This study developed and tested an online program, entitled Ugnayan, that aimed to enhance Covid-19 survivors’ well-being. Ugnayan incorporated the well-being elements of positive emotion, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishments/achievement (PERMA) based on Seligman’s (2011) framework. The study employed an explanatory-sequential approach with a quasi-experimental design. The quasi-experimental involved a mixed design (within and between subjects) where PERMA scores were measured. As a supplemental, qualitative data from selected participants were collected after the post-intervention. Using a mixed-model ANOVA, the results suggested that there was a significant difference between the participants’ pre-test and post-test PERMA scores. There was also a significant difference in PERMA scores in terms of symptomatology. Additionally, there was a significant interaction of effects between the Ugnayan program and the participants’ COVID-19 symptomatology. The qualitative data highlighted the participants’ improvement-related experiences which were related to gratitude, stress management, social connection, engaging in activities, finding purpose, meaning, and acknowledging small wins. Recommendations for further research and utilization of the Ugnayan program for the general population were also offered.
Fathers’ involvement in ‘cutting the cord’ – questioning ‘taken for granted’ acts?
Authors: Garrod Debbie , Darwin Zoe , Nugus Peter , McGowan Linda
Published: February 2023

This article draws on illustrative fieldnotes and interview transcripts from a recent ethnographic study into midwife-father communication during childbirth,1 which identified that the practice of the midwife inviting the father to ‘cut the cord’ after the baby’s birth appears to have become commonplace. This article explores midwives’ and fathers’ perspectives of the event, invites midwives to reflect on their own views and practice, and raises broader questions about approaches to involving the labouring woman’s partner.