bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF PIPER LONGUM L. LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Padma Priya N. R. , Stevens Jones R. D.
Published: March 2022

Mosquito-borne diseases are major public health-associated diseases. The chemical insecticides are used for several decades to control vector mosquitoes. The large-scale application of chemical insecticides caused several problems like insecticide resistance, the resurgence of pest species, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to humans and other nontarget organisms. Mosquito control with botanicals proved to be a good alternative to chemical insecticide. The essential point of this investigation was to screen non-poisonous and effectively accessible mosquito control of natural origin. The current investigation evaluated the role of larvicidal activity of crude hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol leaf extracts of Piper longum L. tested against the third instar of Aedes aegypti larvae at 24h exposure. Among the crude extracts, the highest larval mortality crude extract was undergone the GC-MS analysis for the identification of active phytocompouds. The highest larval mortality was observed in ethanolic extract followed by chloroform, petroleum ether, and hexane. The corresponding LC50 and LC90 values of hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol were 46.90 and 82.30; 39.82 and 75.22; 30.00 and 63.33; 22.55 and 52.63μg/dl respectively. Twenty-four compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Results of this study revealed that the ethanolic leaf extract of P. longum may be considered a potent source of mosquito larvicidal agents.
ACUTE 8 AND CHRONIC TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE BIOSYNTHESIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES ON WISTAR RATS
Authors: Priya M.R. Kamala , Iyer Priya R.
Published: March 2022

In the present study, gold nanoparticles were biosynthesized using green extracts of medicinal plants. The synthesized nanoparticles were screened for in vitro anti HIV, anticancer and anti-tuberculosis activity. All the three studies demonstrated potential agonistic effects of the synthesized gold nanoparticles against HIV, cervical cancer and tuberculosis. Simultaneously, the in vitro cytotoxicity was checked in epithelial cell lineage such as Vero cell line. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were non-toxic to the normal cells. The results of the in vivo toxicity will help in the effective formulation of the gold nanoparticles towards drug development for HIV, cervical cancer and tuberculosis. The results of acute toxicity and chronic toxicity implied that the animals did not suffer from any adverse effects following administration of gold nanoparticles. The animals survived both single dose and consecutive dosage for 28 days. The animals were observed to be normal without any abnormal behavioral changes. The blood parameters showed no significant difference between the control and treated animals on various parameters under consideration. Hematology reports suggested that the metabolic parameters of the treated group do not vary significantly with the control group. All the hematology reports implied that the biosynthesized gold nanocompounds did not elicit adverse effects on the animal model system. In the histopathology investigation, the major organs, such asthe brain, the heart, the kidney, the liver and the spleen were excised from the control and treated animals. The tissue samples were sectioned, stained with eosin red and viewed under microscope. The microscopic examination of all the tissues represented normal cellular organization without any distinctive tissue degeneration and organ damage. The present study has been successfully carried out to check the in vivo toxicological effects of the biosynthesized gold nanocompounds adapting Wistar rats as animal model system. The outcome of the study emphasized that the biosynthesized AuNPs were non-toxic to the treated animal model system. Further the study will focus on other toxicological implications such as immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity. The biosynthesized gold nanocompounds have a promising role as versatile nanomaterials towards multiple applications.
ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. AND SYZYGIUM CUMINI (L.) SKEELS IN PYLORUS LIGATION INDUCED AND ETHANOL INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS
Authors: Prajapati Manju , Mohanty Pradeep Kumar , Rai Janki Prasad
Published: March 2022

The aim of present investigation is to evaluate antiulcer activity of the hydroalcoholic seed extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels in Pylorus ligation induced and Ethanol induced Gastric ulcer in rats. The dose dependent anti-scretory and antiulcer effect of HAEMOS and HAESCS has been observed in pylorus ligation model which was evident by significant decrease in volume of gastric juice and ulcer score and increase in pH of gastric juice. In ethanol induced ulcer model, HAEMOS and HAESCS has exhibited significant decrease in ulcerogenic effect as compared to control group. The results showed that the results of HAEMOS are more than HAESCS in both the models.
AMELIORATION IN THE NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF CURD PREPARED USING PROBIOTIC YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAEID18
Authors: Sharma Deepak C. , Madan Anshu , Singh Bakul , Vohra Ashima
Published: March 2022

Dietary live yeast has been used as a fermenting agent in baking, distilling and brewing industries since ancient times. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeId18 isolated from traditional Indian fermented food-idli batter, exhibited probiotic attributes such as acid and bile salt tolerance, ability to grow at 37°C, resistance to commonly used antibiotics, auto-aggregationability and cell surface hydrophobicity. It showed antimicrobial action against enteric pathogens. It produced phytase, β- galactosidase, vitamin B12 and exopolysaccharides. It had the ability to assimilate cholesterol. This probiotic yeast was used as a starter to prepare curd; and it was also used to supplement traditional dairy starter to prepare the curd. On comparing the nutritional and sensory properties of probiotic curd with that of conventional curd, it was observed that the protein, vitamin B12 and glutamic acid levels doubled when probiotic yeast S. cerevisiaeId18 was used. The cholesterol levels in the probiotic curd were significantly reduced and glucose levels showed slight reduction. There was no significant decline in pH of the probiotic curd even after a week, indicating thereby less souring and prolonged shelf life. The viable counts of the probiotic yeast reduced slightly whereas the Lactobacillus counts declined considerably in the other curds, indicating thereby that the beneficial effects of probiotic curd were retained for a prolonged time period at 4°C. This indicates that on using the probiotic yeasts either alone or in combination with traditional dairy starter, the nutritional properties and the shelf life of the fermented dairy product were significantly improved.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEG-CINNAMON ESSENTIAL OIL NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATION AS AN INSECTICIDAL AGENT
Authors: Hemalatha N. , Kumar K. Ramesh
Published: March 2022

The study deals with the EO-NPs encapsulated cinnamon essential oil for insecticidal activity. The prepared nanoparticles were subjected to characterization studies using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The DLS analysis revealed that the size of the nanoparticles had a slight increase in diameter after three months of storage. Similarly, the characterization with TEM showed that the prepared nanoparticles were of round or spherical shape with clear morphology without any crack in the external surface. Considerable mortality was observed from the insecticidal bioassay carried out by contact with cinnamon essential oil nanoparticles encapsulated with PEG (EO-NPs) against adult Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptra : Silvanidae). Further, the cinnamon EO-NPs also produced significant repellency effect on the adult insects. About 85% mortality (Contact Toxicity) was observed with 0.025 mg x cm2 concentration of EO-NPs. The results indicate that the cinnamon essential oil encapsulated with PEG nanoparticles could be an effective alternative to chemical pesticides for the control of stored product grain pests. Further this is the first report on the insecticidal efficacy of PEG encapsulated cinnamon essential oil against Oryzaephilus surinamensis.
NICKEL BIVALENT METAL ION ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY PREPARED ACTIVATED CARBON FROM PERGULARIA DAEMIA
Authors: Jayajothi C. , Senthamilselvi M. M. , Ajithkumar M. , Arivoli S.
Published: March 2022

The activated carbon produced from Pergularia daemia stem was chemically activated using sulfuric acid and utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of nickel (II) from aqueous solution in the concentration range 10-50 mg/L. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch process and various experimental parameters such as effect of contact time, carbon dosage and pH on percentage removal have been studied. Adsorption results obtained, shows that the Ni (II) uptake being attained at pH 6.7. The equilibrium adsorption data was better fitted to the Langmuir’s and Freundlich adsorption models. Kinetic modeling of the process of removal was carried out and the process of removal was found to follow a pseudo second order model, Elovich model and Intraparticle diffusion model the value of rate constant for adsorption process was calculated. The thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) were determined and the negative values of ΔG° indicated that the process of removal was spontaneous at all values of temperatures. It was concluded that activated carbon produced from Pergularia daemia stem has an efficient adsorption capacity for removal of nickel bivalent mental ion.
EVALUATION OF INDIAN KANGRA GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS (L) O KUNTZE) INFUSED WITH PEELS OF LOCAL FRUITS (POMEGRANATE, LEMON, MOSAMBI, ORANGE AND BANANA) AS A NATURAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Authors: Kaur Avneet , Basu Tanmayee , Mittal Nidhi
Published: March 2022

In India, with the pace of economic growth, consumption of fruits in various forms has increased many folds. However, the optimum use of fruit waste, especially fruit peels which are a rich source of bioactive compounds, is still not fully explored. Fruit peels contains high amount of phenolics and flavonoids and strong natural antioxidant compounds required for the prevention of various lifestyle disorders e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc. The Kangra green tea available in North India, has high antioxidant levels. The present study was conducted with an aim to estimate the levels of protein, tannins, phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant levels of Kangra green tea infused with peels of locally available fruits (pomegranate, lemon, mosambi, orange and banana). The highest protein levels were found in pomegranate peels infused green tea (78.35±3.16 mg/ml) followed by citrus peels infused green tea (47.50±0.360 mg/ml to 52.39±0.21 mg/ml) and least in banana infused green tea (46.25±2.10 mg/ml). The total phenolic content (TPC) of green tea infusion with fruit peels is pomegranate (51.33 mg TAE/g)> lemon (33.73 mg TAE/g)> mosambi (31.38 mg TAE/g)> orange (8.93 mg TAE/g)> banana (6.13 mg TAE/g). Test for antioxidant level revealed that Kangra green tea infused with pomegranate peels (15.53 mg AAE/g) (p≤0.05) has significantly higher amount of antioxidant levels as compared to other fruit peels infused green tea (orange, lemon, mosambi and banana). The present study concluded that the peels of locally available fruits can be used to enhance the antioxidant properties, nutrition and taste of green tea in a cost-effective manner so as to lower the risk of various lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases, etc.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOTRIMAZOLE TRANSFERSOMAL GEL FOR EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF FUNGAL DISEASE
Authors: Kalim Mohd. , Upadhyay Swarnakshi
Published: March 2022

Transdermal delivery system generally shows better regulation of blood levels, decreased occurrence of systemic toxicity, no first pass hepatic metabolism, and higher compliance as compared with conventional formulations. Transdermal treatment systems are characterized as self containing and discrete dosage types, which supply the medication with a regulated rate of systemic circulation through the skin if applied to the intact skin. The aim of present work to develop transdermal drug delivery system, transfersomes incorporated gel of Clotrimazole for effective treatment of Candidiasis. Prepared formulations of Transfersomes were optimized on basis of vesicle size, shape, surface charge and entrapment efficiency. Average vesicle and zeta potential of optimized formulation F-12 was found 145.58nm and -38.25 mV respectively. Prepared gel was prepared and evaluated for viscosity, % assay, extrudability, spreadability and drug release study. It was found that viscosity of prepared gel was 3150±12 cps, % assay was 99.45±0.12, Extrudability was 175g and Spreadibility (g.cm/sec) was found that 12.32±0.42 (g.cm/sec) respectively. In vitro drug release from Transfersomes was carried out using Franz diffusion cell method and found 98.12% in 10 hr. In first 30 min., it was 182±4 drug release which is slightly high. It was due to the release of free drug present in bag after leaching from transfersomes. Drug release from transferosomal formulation was found in very sustained and controlled manner.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DIOSPYROS MALABARICA (DESR.) KOSTEL AGAINST CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Purane Laxmikant Maruti , Vidyadhara Suryadevara
Published: March 2022

The plant Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel are such plant, which are abundantly grown and various parts are traditionally used for treating wound, cancer, diabetes, ulcer, diarrhea, and renal diseases. Further, it was observed that there is no pharmacological standard established on fruits of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the ability of ethanolic extract of fruits of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel to combat cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg, i. p.) induced nephrotoxicity. The protective property of ethanolic extract of fruits of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel was assessed by measuring the body weight of animals before and after experiments, calculating change in body weight of animals, weight of kidney, urine output and estimating urine creatinine, serum creatinine, blood urea, blood urea nitrogen and histopathological observations of kidney. Our data showed that, cisplatin administration resulted in significant increased biochemical parameters levels. Pretreatment with ethanolic extract of fruits of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel normalized the cisplatin induced biochemical parameters levels, protected the rat kidneys from cisplatin induced histopathological changes, restored body weight reduction and prevent increase in weight of kidney of animals. The ethanolic extract of fruits of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel offered commendable protection against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and possible mechanism underlying this effect is mediated collectively through presence of polyphenols like flavonoids, tannins, higher urine output and antioxidant effect. The present study gives the idea that when we use the plant along with the cisplatin, will reduce the incidence of drug induced nephrotoxicity.
IN-VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF JATROPHA CARCUS
Authors: Prakash Ravi , Chourasia Ravindra
Published: March 2022

To evaluate the in vitro free radical (FR) scavenging activity of leaves Jatropha carcus petroleum ether, ethanol, aqueous extracts of J. carcus were prepared, with successive extraction in Soxhlet apparatus. Each extract was selected to study the FR scavenging activity by superoxide scavenging assay and 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay method. It was found that aqueous extract contained carbohydrates, glycosides amino acids flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and steroids; ethanolic extract contained glycosides amino acids flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and steroids. Radical scavenging activity of plant extracts against stable DPPH was determined spectrophotometrically. Extract solutions were prepared by dissolving 0.025 g of dry extract in 10 ml of methanol. The solution of DPPH in methanol was prepared daily. The samples were kept in the dark for 15 min at room temperature and then the decrease in absorption was measured. Ethanolic extract of Jatropha carcus had showed 71.8±0.69 % inhibition in superoxide scavenging model. Aqueous extract also showed almost similar activity (67.8±0.58 % compared to ethanolic extract), while petroleum ether extract showed poor inhibition of superoxide scavenging activity. The antioxidant capacity of various solvent fractions of Jatropha carcus was found to decrease in this order:ethanolic ˃ aqueous ˃ petroleum ether. All results showed antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner at concentration 10 to 30 μg/ml. Strong antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract statistically similar to ascorbic acid indicates strong antioxidants in this extract. All extracts showed dose and time dependent inhibition of superoxide scavenging activity.
STUDIES OF MAGNESIUM DOPED MnS NANOMATERIAL SYNTHESIZED BY MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SOLUTION METHOD
Authors: Jeyamalar K. , Selvarajan P.
Published: March 2022

Manganese sulfide (MnS) is a wide band gap material which has the potential use in short wavelength optoelectronic devices, photo-catalysis, solar cells etc. To alter the various properties of MnS nanomaterial, it was decided to add magnesium (Mg) as the dopant. Mg-doped MnS nanomaterial was synthesized by microwave-assisted solution method. From XRD and HRTEM studies, the crystallite size of the sample was estimated. Optical characterization of the sample was done by recording the UV-visible-NIR spectrum. The luminescent properties of Mg-doped MnS nanomaterial was analysed. The functional groups of the sample was found by FTIR studies and thermal stability was checked by TG/DTA studies. Also, Mg-doped MnS nanomaterial was characterized by SEM, EDAX and SAED studies.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Γ-ORYZANOL LOADED SOLID SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (S-SNEDDS)
Authors: Badadhe Sandip , Singh Gurdeep
Published: March 2022

In recent years, much attention has been paid to solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS), which have shown reasonable successes in improving oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This drug delivery system combines the advantages of liquid SNEDDS with those of a solid dosage form and overcomes the limitations associated with liquid formulations. One optimized SNEDDS formulae F-5 were selected to be solidified by spray drying technique using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Characterization of GOZ Loaded S-SNEDDS by angle of repose of the one S-SNEDDS formulae F-5 were 24.12°± 1.10°, these values indicate that all formulae have good flow ability. The bulk density of the two formulae F-5 was found to be 0.47 ± 0.03 g/mL. However, tapped density was 0.57±0.02 g/mL for formula F-5. Carr’s index of formulae F-5 was found to be 13.57±1.09 which give an indication about the good flowability of the one S-SNEDDS formulae. The efficiency of self-emulsification can also be estimated by measuring the emulsification time. The emulsification time was 41.57±1.12 s. for formula F-5. The small values of PDI shown by S-SNEDDS formulae F-5 (0.403±1.12) indicate homogenous droplet population and narrow globule size distribution. The thermo gram of pure GOZ exhibited a sharp endothermic peak at about 137.25°C, corresponding to its melting point. The drug loading efficiency was found to be 96.23±0.65 for formula F-5. Within the initial one hour of the in vitro release study, only 41.02%±1.23% of GOZ was dissolved from pure drug and marketed tablets, whereas the S-SNEDDS formulae showed improved release within the same time period. GOZ dissolved and released from S-SNEDDS reached 90.02%±1.02% for formula F-5, within one hour.
IN SILICO STUDIES OF PREDNISOLONE ACETATE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRY EYE DISEASE
Authors: Mittal Shweta , Kathuria Ishita , Chauhan Meenakshi K.
Published: March 2022

An attempt was made to find a potential cure for the dry eye syndrome affecting millions of people around the globe eventually leading to inflammation, blurry vision, irritation, redness, and ocular pains. In this condition, the tears are unable to provide enough lubrication either due to the lack of adequate tears or generation of poor-quality tears. The pressing need to find a cure to this chronic disease led to the search for a potential anti-inflammatory drug with the help of molecular studies. Molecular docking studies were used to find the potential anti-inflammatory drug. The study used the glucocorticoid receptor in the eye (PDB Id: 6DXK) as our target protein and A HJ4 801 as our ligand for the binding studies. The CRESSET Flare software was used for the in-silico studies of 152 derivatives and the target glucocorticoid protein receptor. Further, ADMET screening was performed to evaluate parameters like lipophilicity, polarity, solubility, Lipinski rule, and bioavailability score. Swiss ADME, web-based software was used to perform these studies, and further strengthen our result. Out of 152 compounds that were studied for molecular docking, 18 compounds namely Deprodone propionate, Methylprednisolone aceponate, Prednisolone valerate acetate, Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate, and pred forte, etc. were found to possess a better score than prednisolone acetate. All the molecules were found to have molecular size (less than 500 Da), aqueous solubility (soluble, moderately soluble), lipophilicity scores (less than 5) that serve as a good candidate for ocular permeability. The toxicity studies also showed no ocular irritation or corrosion. The high binding affinity of the target glucocorticoid protein receptor with the ligands can be seen as a potential treatment for dry eye disease. It serves as the basis for introducing better compounds that act as an efficient antiinflammatory agent by inhibiting the glucocorticoid receptor and having a high binding affinity. The ADME studies showed significant bioavailability and permeability across the cornea. The top five molecules pursued properties necessary to be a good candidate for ocular absorption. Screening more compounds from various databases and performing clinical trials can be an effective strategy to further validate the results eventually leading to the discovery of less toxic and efficacious compounds for curing dry eye syndrome.
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PASSION FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT FOR CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF ORGANIC DYES
Authors: Vangari Vani , Gugulothu Yaku , Mohammed Areef , U. Umesh Kumar , A. Panasa Reddy
Published: March 2022

Microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated using passion fruit peel (PF) extract as a stabilizer and reductant. In synthesis process, the effect of several synthetic factors such as pH, silver nitrate concentration and microwave irradiation time were studied. The obtained AgNPs were well characterized by several analytical techniques including UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM and zeta-potential. The presence of strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak around 400-410 nm indicated the formation of AgNPs. FTIR analysis revealed the biomolecules present in the PF extract was responsible for the reduction of silver ions and stabilization of formed AgNPs. The TEM images presented that the formed AgNPs were dispersed, nearly spherical shape and with average diameter of 12±3 nm. The powder XRD patterns of AgNPs revealed the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The catalytic activity of AgNPs was evaluated by NaBH4 mediated reduction of Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) and the kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order nature of these reactions.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CASSIA SOPHERA LINN LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: Shukla Shivakant , Singh Anoop
Published: March 2022

Cassia sophera Linn (C. sophera) is a medicinally important plant belonging to the family of Caesalpiniaceae. The whole part of the plant is used as traditional folk medicine and is reported to possess analgesic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective and antiasthmatic activity. The objective of this study was to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of alkaloids, phenolic and flavonoids compounds and determine the antioxidant capacity of the C. sophera leaves. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total alkaloids, phenol and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The ethanolic extract of leaves of C. sophera was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method. Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and aqueous extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, proteins and amino acids, carbohydrate, diterpenes. The total alkaloids, phenolic and flavonoids content of C. sophera leaves of ethanolic extract were 0.439, 0.864, and 1.014/100mg respectively. Ascorbic acid used as standards was also evaluated for comparison. The extract showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in the tested models. C. sophera leaves extract showed IC50 value 78.10μg/ml for DPPH method, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68μg/ml). For hydrogen peroxide method, IC50 value was found to be 73.17μg/ml, which compares favourable with ascorbic acid (IC50=36.613μg/ml). In nitric oxide model, IC50 value was found to be 92.29μg/ml, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=24.63μg/ml). The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of C. sophera which can be further used for medicinal applications.
EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO LITHOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF PLANT BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS
Authors: Das Prabhat Kumar , Vaghela Jai Singh
Published: March 2022

The aim of present investigation is to evaluate the in-vitro anti urolithiatic activity of the leaves of the plant Bougainvillea spectabilis (Willd.). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis fresh leaves were prepared. Homogenous precipitation methods were used to prepare artificial stones of calcium oxalate. Semi-permeable membrane of eggs was used as dissolution bags. Different in-vitro anti urolithiatic studies were used such as method of mineralization and titrimetric method to evaluate the inhibition and dissolution of stone crystal using standard drug Cystone. In inhibition as well as dissolution models, the ethanolic extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis has shown better capability to dissolve calcium oxalate. Cystone exhibited strongly inhibitory action in both, the method of mineralization and titrimetric assay. Thus, it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis exhibited inhibitory action in both of the methods to a significant level and the bioactive natural products present in leaf extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis can be used in the development of new pharmaceuticals that enhances therapeutic use in renal calculi.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF BROMELAIN FROM ANANAS COMOSUS AGAINST FUNGAL PHYTOPATHOGENS INFECTING MUSA PARADISIACA
Authors: C. Ajitha , A. Srinidhi , Sundaram S. Karthik
Published: March 2022

Bromelain from Ananas comosus is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes which are cysteine protease inhibitors containing thiol endopeptidases employed as a phytomedical compound. The present study focussed on extraction and characterization of bromelain and to determine its protein concentration and protease enzyme activity. The effect of temperature and pH on the extracted enzyme was also determined. The extracted enzyme was determined for its molecular weight by SDS and characterized for the presence of their functional groups by FT-IR spectroscopy. The purified bromelain of stem showed highest concentration of protein with maximum protease activity when compared to that of fruit bromelain and on characterization by FT-IR was found to contain thiol containing amino groups. The extracted and characterized bromelain was treated against isolated fungal pathogens of Musa paradisiaca. The isolated bromelain was assessed for their enzyme activity and protein concentration in vitro against the isolated fungal spores and determined for its activity. The determined two-way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences at different concentrations after incubation at varying time period and the effective concentration and time were determined through Turkey post-hoc analysis which showed stem bromelain possess more effective antifungal activity in vitro against fungal phytopathogens of Musa paradisiaca.
PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DALBERGIA LATIFOLIA ROXB FOR ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND ITS EFFECT ON LIPID PROFILE AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Tiwari Akhilendra , Choudhary Naveen Kumar
Published: March 2022

It is essential to gauge the herbal plants scientifically and proper documentation should be made to understand their medicinal properties. In current scenario there exists a very high demand for the herbal products in the entire world that led to the extensive research in many pharmaceutical industries on plant materials for the exploration of potential medicinal value. This inclination seems to be a result of people finding various alternative systems of drugs. A large number of drugs are reported to have excellent medicinal value and are in use for the treatment of diabetes. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb is evergreen, deciduous tree belongs to fabaceae family, it consist of white small flower and identified by grey bark which peels in long fibers. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Dalbergia latifolia (DLExt) and pharmacological studies involved acute oral toxicity study, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) hypoglycemic activity and antidiabetic activity of DLExt was done. The results suggested that Dalbergia latifolia (DLExt) induced a potent reduction in glycaemia exhibited potential to reduce the blood glucose level (BGL). The study showed that Hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Dalbergia latifolia protect massive body weight loss significantly decreased MDA in pancreas and in kidney and enhances SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activity. The involvement of DLExt reduction in level of TG, TC, LDL, VLDL and elevation in HDL level in diabetic rats was also demonstrated. The study was supported with histopathology studies and showed remarkable improvement in pancreatic tissues, normal architecture of hepatocytes and normal architecture of bowman’s capsule and renal tubules.
A NOVEL Mn(II) METAL COMPLEXES OF N, O DONOR METHYL SUBSTITUTED SALICYLOYL PYRAZOLE OXIMES: SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL STUDIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION
Authors: Dhokale Namdeo T. , Nagre Sadashiv S. , Konda Shankaraiah G. , More Suresh T. , Nagawade Arvind V.
Published: March 2022

A series of four novel Schiff base methyl substituted salicyloylpyrazoleoxime and their Mn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and thermal analysis, UV-Visible, IR, NMR spectroscopy. The elemental analysis data suggest that the Schiff base Mn(II) complexes have 1:2 (M:L) stoichiometry. The molar conductivity data show them to be non-electrolytes. Based on analytical and spectral data, four-coordinate geometry was assigned for all complexes. The electronic absorption spectra suggest the square planer geometry for the complexes. The ligand salicyloylpyrazoleoximes and their Mn(II) complexes were tested against gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomycetes and gram negative bacteria Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most of the ligands and metal complexes possess moderate antimicrobial activity.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OF INNER TRANSITION METAL WITH L-ASCORBIC ACID, ITS DERIVATIVE AND ADENINE BASE
Authors: Malviy Kuldeep , Shrivastava Sarita , Sonwane Surendra
Published: March 2022

Complexes of La(III), Ce(III), Nd(III) and Gd(III) with mixed Ligand of 2-aminopurene and L-ascorbic acid derivative were prepared in aqueous ethanol. The two types of mixed ligand complexes [M(AA)(ADE)(H2O)2]+and [M(IPAA) (ADE)(H2O)2]+ have been synthesized. All complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, UV-VISSIBLE, NMR, ESR and Mass spectral studies. IR spectra of the complexes reveal that the complex formation occurred through both nitrogen and oxygen atoms. On the basis of electronic spectral data and magnetic susceptibility measurement octahedral geometry has been proposed for the complexes. The ESR spectral data of the M (III) complexes showed that the metal-ligand bonds have considerable covalent character. The electrochemical behaviour of mixed Ligand M(III) complexes was studied which showed that complexes of IPAA appear at more positive potential as compared to those for corresponding AA complexes. In addition, biological activity of the synthesised metal complexes against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxisporium and Trichoderma viride fungi respectively were examined in-vitro. Some of the metal complex displayed pounced biological activity.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 26-MEMBER RING [2+2] MACROCYCLES FROM DIAMINE DERIVATIVE AND TEREPHTHALDEHYDE
Authors: Radhakrishnan K. , Senthilkumar P. , Manikandan P. Karthik , Ray Uttam Kumar
Published: March 2022

Schiff base macrocycles play a significant role in living organisms with a broad range of pharmaceutical activities. In the present study, a novel series of 26 member macrocyclic compounds were synthesized via recombination of novel diamine and terephthaldehyde. A variety of triaryl diamine derivatives react with terephthaldehyde to efficiently result in a [2+2] macrocyclic Schiff base compounds. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by UV, IR, NMR and Mass and further confirmed by single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. The antioxidant activity of all the synthesized compounds were tested by Reducing power activity. The compounds were screened at different concentrations from 50-250 (μg/ml) to check the absorbance of compounds. Among seven macrocycle compounds, compound 4f showed highly significant activity. The result shows that as the concentration of compound increase, the compound showed high significant activity.
DEXTRAN-CHITOSAN-nTIO2 TAILORED HYDROGELS (DEXCH-nTIO2-HGS) AS VERSATILE TOOL IN EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF KAEMPFEROL FOR EFFECTIVE DIABETIC WOUND HEALING
Authors: Shukla Krishna Kishor , Shah Sunil , Tyagi Chandra Kishor , Patel Narendra , Shukla Rajesh
Published: March 2022

Grafts made from synthetic polymers perform poorly in wound healing applications. In these applications, dextranchitosan based materials can be produced and fabricated to present a novel scaffold for wound healing engineering. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vitro the mechanical properties of a novel dextran-chitosan based hydrogel formulation to examine its potential for this scaffold. Kaempferol (KMF) (obtained from leaves of Ipomea carnea Jacq) loaded hydrogel (HGs) was prepared using dextran-chitosan (Dex-CH) and PEG as a cross linking agent with nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2). Subsequently Dex and CH solution were blended together to form a homogeneous DexCH binary blend mixture with the PEG as crosslinker and characterized for various paramters like AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), mechanical (tensile) strength of hydrogel, swelling property, entrapment efficiency and drug release. The role of hydrogel was assessed by wound healing activity tested beside wound contraction, collagen content, dried granuloma weights and antioxidant property. Percent entrapment efficiency of optimized hydrogel found to be 89.36 ± 1.19%. KMF loaded DexCH- nTiO2-HGs were able to release 95.36%, KMF in 24 hrs. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were found increased significantly in granuloma tissue of KMF treated group. The significant wound healing effect in normal wound tissues as well as diabetic with higher antioxidant activity founded in KMF-DexCH-nTiO2-HGs. Prepared hydrogel formulations (KMF loaded DexCH- nTiO2-HGs) were proved to be highly suitable on grounds of moist nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antioxidant effectiveness.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SUBSTITUTED N2-((1R, 4R)-4-AMINOCYCLOHEXYL)-N6-(PHENYL)-9-CYCLOPENTYL-9H-PURIN-2,6-DIAMINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Kamble Dhanraj , Shankarwar Anil , Tigote Radhakrishna , Sarnikar Yuvaraj , Shaikh Mubarak , Chavan Pravin , Madje Balaji
Published: March 2022

In this study, we have synthesized N2-((1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-N6-(substitutedphenyl)-9-cyclopentyl-9H-purin-2,6- diamine derivatives (7a-j) from N-(-substituted phenyl)-9-cyclopentyl-2-fluoro-9H-purin-6-amine, and cyclohexane-1,4 diamine under microwave irradiation condition and examined for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis strains. All compounds (7a-j) displayed moderate to good antibacterial activity in Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC).
ANALYSIS OF DIESEL SPILL BIOREMEDIATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN BATCH CULTURE USING MONOD AND HALDANE KINETIC MODEL
Authors: Menon Geetha , Mane Arya
Published: March 2022

The unintended oil spills from oil tankers, transportation and storage facilities, leads to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution that causes adverse effects on the air, water and soil environment. Bioremediation using indigenous microorganisms has become a promising tool for effective mineralization of toxic contaminants into harmless end products. In this study, bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil was carried out in a batch scale using Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Salmonella and Klebsiella species, all isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The effect of 1 to 10% v/v diesel concentrations on the growth and biodegradation rate of all selected nine isolates was studied and specific growth rates (μh -1) were calculated. The initial rate of growth and biodegradation of nine isolates increased correspondingly with the diesel concentration up to 5% (v/v), but further increase in diesel concentration resulted in a slight decrease in the rate of biodegradation. Diesel is known to be an inhibitory substrate. Both Monod and Haldane kinetic models were useful for the evaluation of the growth kinetic parameters (μmax, Ks, Ki). It was found that the Monod model was able to express the growth parameters up to 5% v/v diesel. However, Haldane model effortlessly fitted with the experimental data for increase in the diesel i.e. over 6 % v/v diesel. These results showed that the diesel oil degraders were able to utilize a considerably high concentration of diesel and could be very effective in diesel biodegradation for restoration of contaminated sites.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PROCESSABLE POLYAZOMETHINES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ankushrao Sanjay S. , Ghanwat Anil A. , Patil Yuvraj S. , Kadam Vishal N.
Published: March 2022

New dithiazole-diamine monomer containing cyclohexylidene ring and pendant methyl group i.e. 1,1-bis [4-(2- aminothiazole)-3-methyl phenyl] cyclohexane (BATMPC) was synthesized through various steps. The structure of new dithiazole amine monomer was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13CNMR Spectrometry. A series of polyazomethines containing cardo cyclohexane-thiazole unit have been incorporated by the polycondensation of a new diamine i.e. (BATMPC), with proportionate of aromatic dialdehydes. The impact of insertion of cardo cyclohexane, pendant methyl group and thiazole entity in the polyazomethine matrix with the dialdehydes [isophthalaldehyde (1,3 IPA) and terephthalaldehyde (1,4 TPA)], on solubility and thermal stability has been studied. All polyazomethines shown Tg in the range of 220-241ºC and T10% value of all thermally stable polyazomethines in nitrogen atmosphere was in between of 395-415ºC These polyazomethines exhibited solubility in various polar aprotic solvents such as NMP, DMSO, DMAc, DMF etc. However, these polyazomethines were insoluble in common solvents such as DCM and CHCl3. X-ray diffraction study confirms that all the polyazomethines are amorphous in nature having broad peak in the range of 2θ=20°. The UV absorption at 360 nm shows that there is a formation of imine (-C=N-) linkages in the polymer matrix which is helpful for the conduction of electron throughout. The structure-property correlation among these polyazomethines was studied, in view of their potential applications for high temperature applications.
EFFECT OF KETAMINE ADMINISTRATION ON TESTICULAR FUNCTIONS IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: K. Preeti R. , Patil Somanath Reddy C. , M.D. Liyakat Ahmad , Vijaykumar K.
Published: March 2022

Ketamine, a composed mixture of (S)- and (R)-ketamine is used for anesthesia in clinical purpose since 1970. In the present study, effect of Ketamine administration on testicular functions like biochemical, gravimetrical and histological analysis has been studied. Three groups of healthy adult colony breed male albino rats having six rats maintained in each group were used for the experimental studies. The rats of groups II and III were administered Ketamine, intraperitoneally, at the dose level 1 and 3 mg/100 gm body weight respectively daily between 10:00 and 11:00 am for 21 days and group I was maintained as control. After the experimental duration, the rats were sacrificed and studied their gravimetric, biochemical and histological analyses of testis. In the results, testicular weights of the rats of group II and III showed significant reduction, histological, biochemical changes were also observed which marked cytotoxicity and inhibition of testicular functions. Histometric changes of testis diameter and surface epithelial cell height were reduced significantly. Biochemical changes are analogous to the gravimetric results. The protein and cholesterol contents are elevated significantly with the graded dose of Ketamine administration. While, in the gravimetric analysis of accessory organs like epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate gland weights were decreased significantly due to the administration of Ketamine and exhibited as endocrine disruptive drug.
Ostaci rimske kaldrme u blizini sela Pauč
Authors: halilović namik
Published: March 2022

Ovaj rad nastao je u želji da se javnosti približe neke historijske
činjenice i materijalni dokazi koji upućuju na postojanje ostataka Rimskog puta u
blizini sela Pauč. Naučna literatura koja tretira ceste Rimskog carstva na
prostorima Bosne i Hercegovine ne nudi nikakve informacije o putnim
komunikacijama iz tog perioda na području Mjesne zajednice Tuholj (pa dakle i
šireg prostora naselja Pauč). Stoga je od velikog značaja naznaka o mogućem
pravcu rimskog puta od Breze ka Varešu i dalje prema sjeveroistoku Bosne, koju u
svojim naučnim istraživanjima daju Esad Pašalić i Ivo Bojanovski kao i rad
Rusmira Djedovića, Neka historijsko-geografska istraživanja Krivaje, u kojem je
predstavljena široka mreža pružanja putnih pravaca koji spajaju područje srednje
Bosne sa sjevernom i sjeveroistočnom Bosnom. Vrijeme izgradnje nekih od tih
puteva datira još iz prethistorijskog perioda i antike. Istraživanje kamene
kaldrme u blizini sela Pauč, te pravilno ubiciranje cijele dionice koja je nekada
većim dijelom bila vidljiva, (a u narodu poznata kao Put Marije Terezije) kao i
prezentiranje nekih toponima ovog prostora, moglo bi potvrditi ove pretpostavke
i doprinijeti rasvjetljavanju pružanja pravaca Rimskog puta kroz ovo područje.
Korijeni i dodirišta
Authors: Taslidžić Herman Daniela
Published: March 2022

Tragajući za brojnim arhivskim izvorima, ali i relevantnoj
literaturi ulazimo spontano u izvornost koja nedvosmisleno ukazuje na činjenicu
da su današnji Taslidžići Sandžačkog korijena. Oni, kako nas uči historija, imaju
viševjekovnu tradiciju. Bio je to zapravo prostor - Sandžak na granici Svjetova, ali
jednako tako i prostor na vratima naroda različitih prema civilizaciji, tradiciji,
običajima, religiji i kulturi ujedno.
Karakteristično je da su Osmanlije još od prvih godina svoje vladavine, dali
Pljevljima posebno ime nazvavši ih Tašlidža. Naziv je dat po okolnim kamenim
brdima koja su okruživala raniji srednjovjekovni trg. 1To je dakle, izjednačeno s
riječi Tašlidža, što u prijevodu na tursko-osmanskom jeziku ima značenje
kamenca, ili kamene plohe (trga).
Čitav niz predaka koji su živjeli u Osmanskom Carstvu, sve do njegova
urušavanja tražili su načina kako se snalaziti u datim okolnostima. Sve je nekako
trajalo do vremena dolaska Austro-Ugarske Monarhije na tlo Bosne i
Hercegovine,1878. godine. Za Bošnjake/muslimane značilo je posve nov životni
položaj, ali i za prošlost.
Izdanci današnjih Taslidžića raspršili su se u više smjerova: Tursku, Siriju,
Bosnu i Hercegovinu, Hrvatsku i drugdje. No međutim, historija se ponovila, pa su
i nove generacije nastavile s takvim putem - jedni ostaju u Hercegovini (LjubuškiMostar), drugi idu dalje u Bosansku Posavinu (Gradačac), pa i dalje na neke druge
prostore, kao na primjer u Hrvatsku, Osijek, Baranju, Banat, pa i dalje, Siriju,
Tursku, Ameriku, Kanadu, Norvešku, Italiju, Njemačku, Ujedinjene arapske
emirate, Katar.
I zbog svega toga ne mogu se zbuniti, ali niti odlutati s mislima jer tragači
prošlosti ponekad kreću pomalo čudnim putevima. I zbog toga je historija za one
koji znaju slušati!
#StanisławLem-Festival 2021
Authors: Seydel Stefan
Published: March 2022

The #StanisławLem-Festival 2021 is an open and free festival, in which year-round work on creating, nurturing and cultivating a working environment in which a:synchronous work on different, individual, intentional questions can be done collaboratively & cooperatively. 100 years of Stanisłav Lem - an author whose fictions inspired not only science. The festival pays tribute to the great author with texts and art. This documentary shows the Making Of, the line-up of the livestream on the festival weekend and additional documents from the participants.
Getting Together for Computing Cross-fertilization and Broader Participation
Authors: Tiako Pierre , Mead Nancy , Tentzeris Manos , Kumar Akhil , Jobe Tom , Bourque Pierre
Published: March 2022

This paper briefly presents the diversity and quality of the work presented by distinguished speakers, from academia and industry, at the 2021 Inaugural OkIP Academia & Industry Convention. Speakers’ short biography is also presented. For maximum cross-fertilization and broader participation, they talked in various areas of computing, including (1) threat modeling and machine learning, (2) sustainable energy harvesting and wireless power transfer systems, (3) blockchain technology and its implications in business applications and healthcare IT, (4) biosensors in a green economy, and (5) software engineering body of knowledge guide.