bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Stages in Evolution of the Object Th4-4
Authors: Kondratyeva Lyudmila , Denissyuk Eduard , Shomshekova Saule , Reva Inna , Aimanova Gauhar , Krugov Maxim
Published: November 2024

The results of observations of the object Th4-4 in 1970 -2024 showed that during this period the object went through the several stages, when its characteristics corresponded to different classes of objects: Be star, symbiotic star and planetary nebula. Currently the object appears to be a low-excitation planetary nebula.
Genetic Background of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
Authors: Kunčič Ajda , Urbančič Mojca , Dobovšek Divjak Darja , Hudler Petra , Debeljak Nataša
Published: November 2024

Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) is a slowly progressive macular disorder often diagnosed late due to the gradual onset of vision loss. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated earlier detection, revealing MacTel is more common than initially thought. The disease is genetically complex, with multiple variants contributing incrementally to the overall risk. Familial occurrence of the disease prompted investigations of the genetic background of MacTel. In aim to raise the disease molecular milieu, a literature review of the clinical reports and publications investigating the genetic factors of MacTel was performed. To date, disease-associated variants were found in genes involved in amino acid (glycine/serine) metabolism and transport, urea cycle, lipid metabolism, and retinal vasculature and thickness. Variants in genes implicated in sphingolipid metabolism and fatty acid/steroid/retinol metabolism have been found in patients with neurological disorders who also have MacTel. Retinal metabolism involves complex biochemical processes essential for maintaining the high energy requirements of the retina. Genetic alternations can disrupt key metabolic pathways, leading to retinal cell degradation and the subsequent vision loss that characterizes several retinal disorders, including MacTel. This review article summarises genetic findings that may allow MacTel to be investigated further as an inherited retinal disorder.
Ethnic Divisions Within Unity: Insights into Intra-Group Segregation from Israel’s Ultra-Orthodox Society
Authors: Gorelik Boris
Published: November 2024

Ethnic segregation, a global phenomenon shaping social dynamics, urban development, and political behavior, is typically studied between distinct racial or national groups. This study provides insights into internal divisions within seemingly unified populations by investigating intra-group segregation within Israel’s ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Jewish communities. By analyzing Knesset voting patterns as a proxy for residential distribution, I quantify segregation between two major ethnic groups within the Haredi community and identify significant segregation across Haredi-majority cities and clusters. Dissimilarity indices reveal distinct voluntary segregation. Larger Haredi populations correlate with greater segregation, likely as these communities sustain separate cultural hubs.
A comparison with Black-White segregation in U.S. metro areas shows that dissimilarity index values in Haredi communities are lower than typical U.S. levels, suggesting different drivers rooted in cultural and religious dynamics. Highlighting the interplay of ethnicity, religion, and political behavior, this study provides a replicable framework using electoral data to analyze segregation globally.
An Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Semiconducting Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate: (BEDT-TTF)3[Cu2(m-C2O4)3]·2CH3CH2OH
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Yan , Wang Dongwei , Wang Zheming , Chang Guancai , Gao Zengqiang , Guo Yanjun , Liu Fen , Zhao Zhijuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Qu Baolong , Xu Peng , Wang Jiaou , Dong Fenliang , Liang Tongling , Sun Yang , Yang Deliang , Li Qiaolian , Luo Xiaofei , Liu Mei , Feng Rongjuan , Zhang Xueying
Published: November 2024

The organic-inorganic hybrid (BEDT-TTF)3[Cu2(m-C2O4)3]·2CH3CH2OH (I)was synthesized using the electrocrystallization method. It composes q21-phase organic donor layer and an inorganic antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice with the Jahn-Teller distortion. The disordered solvent molecules CH3CH2OH are present within the cavities of the honeycomb lattice. The formal charge of donor molecules was assigned to +2/3 based on bond lengths in TTF core and corresponded to Raman spectra. Jahn-Teller effect on conductivity and magnetization is studied. It is a semiconductor with srt = 0.04 S/cm and Ea = 40 meV. No long-range ordering is observed above 2 K from zero-field cooling/field cooling magnetization and confirmed by specific heat measurement. The spin frustration with f > 10 from the antiferromagnetic copper-oxalate-framework was observed. It is a candidate for quantum spin liquid.
Unlocking Fertility: How Nitric Oxide Pathways Connect Obesity, Oxidative Stress, and Reproductive Health—The Role of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Voros Harry , Mavrogianni Despoina , Bananis Kyriakos , Karakasis Alexios , Papahliou Anthi-Maria , Topalis Vasileios , Varthaliti Antonia , Mantzioros Rafail , Kondili Panagiota , Darlas Menelaos , Sotiropoulou Regina , Athanasiou Damantis , Mathiopoulos Dimitris , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Loutradis Dimitrios , Daskalakis George
Published: November 2024

This study examines the relationship between obesity, oxidative stress, and reproductive dysfunction. It focuses on the effects of sleeve gastrectomy on gene expression and hormone profiles in 29 women with extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²). Pre- and post-surgical investigations revealed significant differences in major gene expressions and hormonal markers. CART expression reduced significantly from 0.27 ± 4.43 to -3.42 ± 1.14 (p < 0.001), while leptin expression decreased from -1.87 ± 1.75 to -0.13 ± 1.55 (p < 0.001), indicating better metabolic regulation. In contrast, eNOS expression increased considerably from -4.87 ± 1.70 to 1.18 ± 2.31 (p = 0.003), indicating improved endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability, which is critical for vascular health and reproduction.Correlation research before to surgery indicated no significant relationships between eNOS, CART, or leptin and clinical indicators, implying that these genes function independently in pre-surgical metabolism. While most associations remained negligible after surgery, a significant negative connection between eNOS expression and SHBG levels appeared (r = -0.365, p = 0.049), indicating potential interactions in hormonal regulation pathways following metabolic improvements.These findings emphasize the importance of bariatric surgery in reducing the negative effects of obesity on reproductive health by altering critical cellular pathways. Significant increases in CART, leptin, and eNOS expression indicate reduced oxidative stress, improved vascular tone, and hormonal balance, all of which contribute to increased reproductive capacity. This study sheds light on the molecular processes that link obesity, metabolic health, and fertility, underlining bariatric surgery's therapeutic potential for women experiencing obesity-related infertility.
Early Stages of Bacterial Colonisation Development After Xanthomonas campestris Seed Inoculation in Selected Brassica Species
Authors: Ferby Vojtěch , Ragasová Lucia Nedorost , Pečenka Jakub , Sękara Agnieszka , Pokluda Robert
Published: November 2024

This study investigates Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) incidence rates in cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi, focusing on the roots and stems over a 15-day period after sowing. Seeds were inoculated with Xcc, and infection levels were monitored using confocal microscopy combined with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Significant differences in incidence rates were observed across the 15 days using a scale from 0 to 5 (0–100% incidence). Kale exhibited the highest mean incidence rates in roots (3.64), while cabbage and kohlrabi showed greater variability (3.4–3.44). Stem infections were more severe, with kale showing the highest mean levels (4.16), followed by kohlrabi (4.0) and cabbage (3.68). In cabbage roots, incidence rates increased until day 11, after which a significant decline was noted, whereas stem Xcc incidence rates remained stable. Kale roots peaked on day 9, with significant fluctuations on days 13 and 15. Kohlrabi displayed moderate, stable root incidence rates over the 15-day period. In stems, kohlrabi showed a significant increase on day 11, followed by a drop on day 15. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive linear correlation between incidence rate and days of observation in kohlrabi roots. However, no significant trends were observed in stem infections across all species, where incidence rates were high and stable from day 7 onwards. Newly acquired data indicate that the incidence rate of Xcc development depends on the type of vegetable. However, the bacterial occurrence in the root parts does not always correspond with the intensity of Xcc colonization in the stem section of the plants. Even at lower levels of Xcc occurrence in the roots, damage to the vascular bundles can be fatal. These findings offer valuable insights into Xcc infection dynamics, contributing to improved disease management strategies for Brassica crops.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Local Walnut Populations in the Western Caspian Region of the North Caucasus
Authors: Suprun Ivan Ivanovich , Stepanov Ilya Vladimirovich , Anatov Dzhalaludin Magomedovich
Published: November 2024

Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a valuable nut crop widely distributed within the temperate climate zone. It has several secondary centers of origin associated with refugia formed during the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) period, one of which was presumably located in the Caucasus region. Currently, walnut populations of the Caucasus are studied fragmentarily, especially in the northeast of the region. Our study is aimed at investigating the genetic diversity, population structure and possible processes of walnut introduction in the Caspian region of the Northeast Caucasus (Dagestan). Genotyping using 11 SSR markers was performed for 158 samples from local walnut populations. Also, to identify the facts of introduction, 42 varieties of different geo-graphical origin were added to research. The genetic diversity of SSR markers in the analysis of population varied from 4 to 20 alleles per locus, with an average value of 9.82. Analysis of the genetic structure revealed significant genetic differences between the subpopulations of the Mountain and Flatland Dagestan. Presumably, the structure of the gene pool could have been in-fluenced by terrain factors and ethnocultural characteristics. Subpopulations of Flatland Dagestan have an intermediate position between the western cultivars and the gene pool of Mountain Dagestan, the populations of which showed significant genetic isolation. In the studied samples set of population selections, the established facts of introduction were rare. We have suggested that a significant part of the gene pool of walnut from Mountain Dagestan has an autochthonous origin from plants that survived the LGM in the Caucasian refugia. The results of the work are the basis for further studies of the local gene pool and verification of our hypothesis about the presence of an indigenous germplasm preserved in this region from the period the LGM.
A Novel Hull Girder Design Methodology for Prediction of Longitudinal Strength and Total Structural Strength of Ships
Authors: Yu Haicheng , Wu Songhao , Zhao Yingdong , Liu Wenlong , Yang Haiyi
Published: November 2024

Ship hull girder model has been widely adopted in ship mechanics researches such as the small-scale and large-scale hydroelastic ship model experiments. This research proposes a simple and novel ship hull girder design methodology that overcomes some of the main shortcomings of existing methods. The main novelties of this research are (1) the structural rigidity design requirement for the ship hull girder corresponding to any targeted real ship with arbitrary structural complexity is precisely satisfied; (2) the mass density per unit length of the proposed hull girder is exactly only related to the mass density distribution of the targeted ship structures, and thus (3) a better ship hull girder model for prediction of the total structural responses can be consequently established. A real ship is adopted as the design target, the structural responses of the real ship and the proposed ship hull girder model are compared and analyzed. The proposed model is compared to the currently widely accepted ship hull girder models through numerical experiments. The proposed hull girder design methodology possesses potential of upgrading the classical structural design approach to match the growing trend of adopting finite element method(FEM) based approaches for ship structure researches.
A Spectroscopic Methodology to Early Detection of Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Mendes Ana F. N. S. , Matela Nuno , Coelho João M.P. , Marquês Joaquim T.
Published: November 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) are a critical public health problem, with 30 to 40% of infections related to the urinary tract system. These urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered one of the most common microbial infections in hospital settings and everyday community contexts, where about 80% are highly correlated with urinary catheter insertion - Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Considering that 15 to 25% of hospitalised patients need to be catheterised during their treatments and most CAUTIs are asymptomatic, it results in a tremendous challenge to early diagnosis of CAUTI, therefore, to initiate its treatment. The lack of standardized methods as a first step for urine monitoring and early detection of UTIs, is the driving force of this work that aims to explore the potential of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic methodologies to detect UTIs. Urine samples were used without any previous treatment to target the most straightforward testing protocol possible. In this work, we successfully developed a powerful methodology that combines ratiometric fluorescence spectroscopy measurements and transmittance at 600 nm to distinguish healthy urines from infected urines. The complementary use of fluorescence spectroscopy and transmittance is what makes the new methodology we propose such a powerful approach to monitor urine samples and make the early detection of UTIs since it provides a quantitative analysis of both healthy and infected urines.
Sedentary Behaviour and Its Correlates Among Older Adults in Malaysia
Authors: Kee Chee Cheong , Tan Lay Kim , Cheah Yong Kang , Teh Chien Huey , Lim Hui Li , Cheong Yoon Ling , Omar Mohd Azahadi , Mohd Ghazali Sumarni
Published: November 2024

Sedentary behavior (SB) is independently associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, including mental health disorders, non-communicable diseases, and increased mortality risk. This study investigated associations between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, mental health, nutritional status, social support, and functional limitations, and SB among the elderly in Malaysia. Data from 3,977 individuals aged 60 years and above, extracted from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018, were analyzed using complex samples logistic regression. Prevalence of sedentary behaviour, defined as sitting or reclining for 8 or more hours per day, among the surveyed population was 23.2%. Older age (≥75 years) was significantly associated with higher odds of SB (AORs 1.58 to 2.76, p < 0.001 to p = 0.001). Unemployment (AOR = 1.32, p = 0.020) and indigenous Sabah and Sarawak ethnicity (AOR = 2.48, p = 0.007) were also linked to increased odds of SB. Conversely, individuals with a monthly income of RM 1000-1999 had lower odds of SB compared to those earning ≥RM 2000 (AOR = 0.64, p = 0.022), and those at risk of malnutrition were also less likely to engage in SB (AOR = 0.68, p = 0.031). No significant associations were found between SB and sex, marital status, educational level, or chronic illness. These findings suggest that public health initiatives to reduce SB among older adults should prioritize the oldest old, unemployed, and specific ethnic communities, as well as address nutritional risk to promote healthier aging among the elderly in Malaysia.
Speed Advisor for Fuel Consumption Minimisation Under Real Driving Conditions
Authors: Pla Benjamín , Bares Pau , Pandey Varun , Sánchez Rodríguez Luis , Armas Octavio
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with minimisation of fuel consumption under real driving conditions using a vehicle speed advisor. The aim is to explore the potential of speed profile optimisation in real driving conditions while assessing the suitability of an application which recommends the driver the optimal vehicle speed sequence that minimises the fuel consumption on a particular route. The speed advisor is based on solving the Optimal Control problem of covering a particular route with minimum fuel consumption with a defined time constraint. The approach presented was applied to and implemented on a real passenger vehicle to obtain a trade-off between fuel consumption and travel time for several trips on the route. Experimental results are presented with and without advisory, demonstrating that with speed advisor the results approach the pareto front with lesser dispersion on the other hand without advisory the dispersion is higher and largely above the pareto front.
Assessing Bias and Reproducibility of Viral Metagenomics Methods for the Combined Detection of Faecal RNA and DNA Viruses
Authors: Haagmans Rik , Charity Oliver J , Baker David , Telatin Andrea , Savva George M , Adriaenssens Evelien M , Powell Penny , Carding Simon R.
Published: November 2024

Whole transcriptome amplification (WTA2) and sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) are two widely used methods for combined metagenomic sequencing of RNA and DNA viruses. However, information on the reproducibility and bias of these methods on diverse viruses in faecal samples is currently lacking. A mock community (MC) of diverse viruses was developed and used to spike faecal samples at different concentrations. Virus-like particles (VLPs) were extracted, nucleic acid isolated, reverse-transcribed, and PCR amplified using either WTA2 or SISPA and sequenced for metagenomic analysis. A bioinformatics pipeline measured recovery of MC viruses in replicates of faecal samples from three human donors, analysing consistency of viral abundance measures and taxonomy. Viruses had different recovery levels with VLP extraction introducing variability between replicates, whileWTA2 and SISPA produced comparable results. In comparing WTA2 and SISPA generated libraries, WTA2 gave more uniform coverage depth profiles and improved assembly quality and virus identification. SISPA produced more consistent abundance, with 50% difference between replicates occurring in ~20% and ~10% of sequences for WTA2 and SISPA, respectively. In conclusion, a bioinformatics pipeline has been developed to assess methodological variability and bias of WTA2 and SISPA, demonstrating higher sensitivity with WTA2 and higher consistency with SISPA.
Exploring the Influence Mechanisms and Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban Vitality Recovery in the University Fringe Areas of Nanjing
Authors: Cai Zhen , Li Dongxu , Ji Binhe , Liu Huishen , Wang Shougang
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted urban socio-economic development by limiting the movement of people and resources. As key hubs of talent, culture, and innovation, university fringe areas play an important role in driving economic and cultural growth. While previous research has focused more on urban vitality, there is relatively little research on the recovery of urban vitality in university fringe areas, and its driving mechanism has not been analyzed yet. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the influence mechanisms of urban vitality recovery in the university fringe areas using both linear and nonlinear models. The results reveal that: (1) The recovery of urban vitality in university fringe areas follows a distinct pattern where central urban areas with greater openness recover more rapidly, while university fringe areas farther from the city center with stricter management experience slower recovery. (2) The Student_Population, School_Area, All_POI_Density, and Opening_Hours exhibit a more pronounced linear relation-ship. Recovery effects also express significant spatial heterogeneity. (3) Both university Open-ing_Hours and School_Area show a nonlinear positive relationship with urban vitality recovery of university fringe areas. This relationship is characterized by slow growth at lower values, rapid acceleration once a critical threshold is reached, and eventual stabilization at higher values. This study offers targeted strategies for urban planning, fostering more responsive and adaptive urban governance that aligns with the evolving needs of urban development.
Wearable Technology in Rehabilitation: Assessing the Impact of the Apple Watch on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Tedeschi Roberto , Giorgi Federica , Ricci Vincenzo , Vita Fabio , Donati Danilo
Published: November 2024

: Background: The Apple Watch is increasingly used in rehabilitation to monitor physical activity, cardiovascular health, and other physiological parameters. This review evaluates its effectiveness and accuracy in various rehabilitation settings, examining its potential to enhance patient adherence and clinical outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science, alongside grey literature. Studies were included based on the PCC criteria (Population, Concept, Context), focusing on the use of the Apple Watch in rehabilitation programs. Bias risk was assessed using RoB 2 for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. Results: Five studies were reviewed. The Apple Watch showed po-tential in improving physical activity levels and functional outcomes, particularly when combined with behavioral interventions. It demonstrated effectiveness in detecting atrial fibrillation in large-scale screening but presented variability in heart rate and energy expenditure accuracy, es-pecially during high-intensity activities. The studies highlighted that integrating cognitive support with the device enhances adherence and health outcomes. However, limitations in measurement accuracy and the need for hybrid monitoring approaches were noted. Conlusions: The Apple Watch is a valuable tool in rehabilitation when used alongside behavioral support and validated clinical methods. Its effectiveness is enhanced when integrated into a multidisciplinary approach, but its limitations in accuracy necessitate further calibration and hybrid use with traditional tools. Future research should focus on long-term impacts and algorithm improvements to optimize its clinical utility in diverse rehabilitation contexts.
Economic Resilience in Post-Pandemic India: Analysing Stock Volatility and Global links using VAR-DCC-GARCH and Wavelet Approach
Authors: Maharana Narayana , Panigrahi CMA (Dr.) Ashok Kumar , Chaudhury Suman Kalyan , Uprety Minal , Barik Pratibha , Kulkarni Pushparaj
Published: November 2024

This study explores the resilience of the Indian stock market in the face of global shocks in the post-pandemic era, focusing on its volatility dynamics and interconnections with international indices. Through a combination of Vector Autoregression (VAR), DCC-GARCH, and Wavelet analysis, we analysed the time-varying relationships between the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India and major global indices, including those from the U.S., Europe, Asia-Pacific, Hong Kong and Japan. Time series data of the selected indices has been collected from January 1, 2021, to September 30, 2024. Results reveal that while the NSE demonstrates resilience through rapid adjustments following shocks, it remains vulnerable to substantial spillover effects from markets such as the S&P 500 and European indices. Wavelet coherence analysis identifies periods of high correlation, particularly during major economic events, indicating that regional and global factors can periodically compromise market stability.
Moreover, the DCC-GARCH results show a persistent but fluctuating correlation with specific markets, reflecting a connected and adaptive nature of the Indian market that is influenced by regional dynamics. This study emphasises the importance of strategic risk management. It highlights critical periods and indices that policymakers and investors should monitor closely to understand the economic resilience of the Indian financial market better. Further research could explore sector-specific impacts and the role of macroeconomic factors in shaping market responses.
Real-Time Emotion Recognition for Improving Teaching-Learning Process: A Scoping Review
Authors: Llurba Cèlia , Palau Ramon
Published: November 2024

Emotion recognition (ER) is gaining popularity in various fields, including education. The benefits of ER in the classroom for educational purposes, such as improving students' academic performance, are gradually becoming known. Thus, real-time ER is proving to be a valuable tool for teachers as well as for students. However, its feasibility in educational settings requires further exploration. This review offers learning experiences based on real-time ER with students to explore their potential in learning and in improving their academic achievement. The purpose is to present evidence of good implementation and suggestions for their successful application. The content analysis finds that most of the practices lead to significant improvements in terms of educational purposes. Nevertheless, the analysis identifies problems that might block the implementation of these practices in the classroom and in education; among the obstacles identified are the absence of privacy of the students and the support needs of the students. We conclude that artificial intelligence (AI) and ER are a potential tool to approach the needs in ordinary classrooms, although reliable automatic recognition is still a challenge for researchers to achieve the best ER feature in real-time, given the high input data variability.
Does Dexamphetamine Cause Addiction? A Narrative Review
Authors: Khalifa Hazer , Hibbert Emily J. , Gauci Natalie , Poulton Alison
Published: November 2024

Dexamphetamine (DEX) is widely used in treatments, but concerns persist about its potential for addiction. This review aimed to assess the risks of DEX dependence by examining existing literature. Originally planned as a systematic review, it was adjusted due to a lack of qualifying studies. Of seven cohort and case studies reviewed, only four poorly documented cases of possible DEX addiction were found. Commonly cited papers on prescription amphetamine addiction did not hold up to scrutiny. Overall, the evidence that DEX is addictive is limited and inconclusive, highlighting the need for more rigorous research to clarify its true addiction risk.
Food Addiction: Prevalence, Severity and Impact on Vascular Stroke Risk Factors in a French Hospital-Based Sample
Authors: Seelarbokus Bibi Aliya , Rabat Yolaine , Lalanne Christophe , Sibon Igor , Berthoz Sylvie
Published: November 2024

Background: Stroke ranks as the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. While unhealthy diet is an independent risk factor for stroke, its association with disordered eating behaviours on stroke remains overlooked. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of addictive-like eating behaviours in stroke patients and their association with the main vascular stroke risk factors. Methods: First-ever stroke patients with no severe aphasia or dementia were included. Addictive-like eating was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0). The variables of interest were: i) the proportion of patients meeting the diagnosis of Food Addiction (FA); ii) FA symptoms count and severity; iii) addictive-like eating profile severity. Their association with four main vascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes), were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Over a 4-month period, 101 patients (mean (SD), 62.8 (13.7) years; males: 60.4%) were consecutively screened. Overall, 5% of the sample endorsed a FA diagnosis and 38.6% screened positive for at least one of the symptom criteria, with the most frequently endorsed symptom being “Inability to cut down”. Dyslipidemia was the only vascular risk factor associated with the FA diagnosis (p=0.04). However, the severity of the addictive profile was associated with dyslipidemia (p=0.016) and diabetes (p=0.038), but only independently with dyslipidemia (p=0.05; OR=1.25; 95%CI=1.00-1.56). There were significant associations between the number of vascular risk factors and the severity of Time spent, Tolerance, and Use despite adverse consequences FA symptoms, both in univariate and multivariate analyses (all p<0.05). The number of vascular risk factors and total number of FA symptoms were significantly associated in univariate analyses (p=0.007), but not after adjusting for age or sex. Conclusion: This study highlighted the potential importance of addictive-like behaviours in the secondary prevention of stroke. However, larger and longer-term studies investigating addictive-like eating in diverse samples of stroke patients are warranted to achieve precision medicine.
Platelet-Activating Factor and Postoperative CRP Predict Unfavorable Outcomes After Major Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Palade Emanuel , Buzoianu Anca Dana , Bocsan Ioana Corina , Pop Raluca Maria , Solomonean Aurelia Georgeta , Tintiuc Nadina , Cismaru Gabriel , Stef Adrian
Published: November 2024

Background: Multiple markers were investigated to predict adverse outcomes post-cardiac surgery. Platelet-activating factor has a potential involvement in the hematologic and cardiovascular dysfunctions noted during and subsequent to extracorporeal circulation and coronary artery bypass grafting. The objective of our study was to assess Platelet-activating factor and CRP levels and their influence on mortality and morbidity following major heart surgery. Methods: We selected 87 patients that underwent major cardiac surgery between 2021 and 2022 at our institution. We gathered demographical data and unfavorable events after surgery. We investigated a composite outcome comprising three combined outcomes: mortality, renal failure, and stroke, using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The study population consisting of 87 individuals with a mean age of 64.9 years old was divided into 4 groups based on CRP levels: normal values (0-10 mg/l), mild increase (10-40 mg/l), moderate increase (40-200mg/l) and severe in-creased (>200 mg/l) levels. There was no significant difference between the 4 CRP groups except higher PAF levels (4939 ±2166.3 pg/ml) and lower baseline LVEF (43.6±6.9%) in group 4 with severely increased CRP values. We also found a significant positive correlation between preoperative PAF levels and post-operative CRP levels (r=0.72, p=0.0001). ROC curve analysis showed that both PAF and CRP can predict post-operative mortality with a good sensitivity and specificity. CRP values > 80 mg/l and PAF values > 5000 pg/ml were associated with combined outcome of: stroke, acute kidney failure and death HR=2.45 (95%CI 0.48-18.3) and HR = 2.62 (95%CI 0.37-20.0) respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative PAF and postoperative CRP are predictors of unfavorable prognosis after major cardiac surgery. C-reactive protein > 80 mg/l and Platelet-activating facotr > 5000 pg/ml were associated with the outcome of: stroke, acute kidney failure and death.
Simulation of Groundwater-Level Behavior in South-East Region of Korea Induced by the 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake Using 2D Hydro-Mechanical Coupled Bonded Particle Modelling
Authors: Cho Hyunjin , Hamm Se-Yeong , Yoon Jeoung Seok , Kim Soo-Gin , Cheong Jae-Yeol
Published: November 2024

This study examines the hydrogeological response to seismic activity in the southeastern region of Korea, focusing on groundwater-level changes induced by the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake (ML 5.8). Using a 2D hydro-mechanical coupled bonded particle model, we simulated the dynamic fault rupture process to analyze stress redistribution and its impact on pore pressure and groundwater levels. The results indicate that compressional areas correlate strongly with pore pressure increases and groundwater-level rises, while extensional areas show decreases in both. Observations from the groundwater monitoring well at Gyeongju Cheonbuk, located approximately 10 km north of the earthquake’s epicenter, align well with the model's predictions, providing validation for the simulation. These findings highlight the capability of hydro-mechanical models to capture fault-induced hydrological responses and offer valuable insights into the interplay between seismic activity and groundwater systems.
Evaluation of the Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extracts Morus alba L. on Cardiovascular, Renal and Platelet Function in Experimental Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Aghdam Masoud Akbari , Pagán Ana , Garcia-Estañ Joaquin , Atucha Noemí M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Many epidemiological studies have observed that the use of foods rich in polyphenols and flavonoids has beneficial effects on diseases such as arterial hypertension [HTN]. Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that some flavonoids have a beneficial effect as antihypertensive agents in several animal models of HTN. Objective: We have evaluated the effect of mulberry extracts Morus alba L. in an experimental HTN model due to nitric oxide [NO] deficiency. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, divided into control groups, hypertensive rats treated with a six-week treatment of an inhibitor of NO synthesis [L-NAME] in the drinking water, L-NAME rats treated with an extract of Morus alba L. and L-NAME rats treated simultaneously with captopril. After six weeks of treatment, blood pressure was measured as well as endothelial vascular function in the aorta and platelet aggregation function. Results: Morus alba L extract prevents the development of arterial hypertension due to NO deficiency, although without completely normalizing it as does captopril. It also reduces the excessive vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine in aortic rings and improves vasodilation to acetylcholine, both effects dependent on the increase in NO production. In addition, Morus alba L extract reduced the increased platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen in hypertensive animals, although without normalizing it. Conclusions: Morus alba L extract has an antihypertensive effect, improves vascular reactivity and platelet aggregation in a model of arterial hypertension. These effects are related to an increase in the effects of nitric oxide.
Enhanced Retention of Mandibular Digital Complete Dentures Using an Intraoral Scanner
Authors: García Edgar , Jaramillo Stephanie
Published: November 2024

Mandibular complete dentures often pose challenges due to anatomical and functional limitations. Impression techniques, including functional, mucostatic, mucocompressive, selective pressure, and neutral zone methods, play a crucial role in achieving stability and retention. In 1999, Abe introduced the Suction Effective Mandibular Complete Denture (SEMCD) technique, revolutionizing mandibular denture retention by incorporating functional extensions and achieving a peripheral seal even in the presence of mobile soft tissues. This report describes the integration of Abe’s concepts into a digital workflow, using a single-step intraoral scanning technique and digital design software to fabricate a mandibular denture with enhanced retention and stability. The approach minimizes the number of clinical steps involved, improves patient comfort, and achieves predictable outcomes, highlighting the utility of digital technologies in modern prosthodontics.
Experimental and Numerical CFD Analysis of a Solar Dryer with Integration of Basalt-Biochar Thermal Bed for Heat Storage and Humidity Absorption
Authors: THIAO Serigne , DRAME Omar , MAR Awa , NDIAYE Lat Grand , YOUM Issakha
Published: November 2024

.Solar thermal energy is available in abundance in a country like Senegal where direct solar radiation is on average 1950 kWh/m2 per year. Solar drying is the most popular method to preserve food in our country. However, it is limited by the intermittent nature of the sun. The objective of this paper is to overcome the intermittency of the sun by integrating a thermal bed into the solar dryer. The thermal bed is made of basalt and biochar for heat storage and humidity absorption respectively. An experimental study was done using papaya and moringa leaves. The results obtained show that the thermal bed stores heat at the temperature of 39 °C at 10 p.m. Papaya is dried in two days and moringa leaves are dried in one day. For papaya slices, water content is 15% and was reached at the second day of drying. Also, moringa dry leaves water content is 8%. This value begins to be reached from 3 p.m. in the afternoon. Thus, the thermal bed temperature, the air temperature between the drying racks and the drying chamber outlet air temperature are respectively an average of 48.67°C, 48°C and 47.22° C compared to 34.33°C of the ambient temperature, a difference of more than 4°C. The experimental study is supported by a Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis.
Evaluating Tumour Mutational Burden as a Key Biomarker in Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: A Pan-Cancer Approach
Authors: Anca Zgura , Stefania Chipuc , Bacalbasa Nicolae , Bogdan Haineala , Anghel Rodica Maricela , Sebastian Valcea
Published: November 2024

Background: Tumour mutational burden (TMB) is increasingly recognized as a vital biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment. Despite its growing importance, the effectiveness of TMB as a predictive marker is well established in lung cancer and melanoma but remain ambiguous for breast and prostate cancers. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of TMB in predicting response to ICIs across four major cancer types—lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate—and to address the variability in TMB's predictive value. Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed, analysing studies that investigated TMB and its association with ICI therapy outcomes in the 4 specified cancer types. Results: The analysis reveals a strong consensus on the predictive value of TMB in lung cancer and melanoma, where high TMB levels are associated with improved clinical outcomes and better responses to ICIs. In contrast, the evidence for breast and prostate cancers is less conclusive, with variability in results highlighting the need for further research. Specifically, high TMB in these cancers does not consistently predict better responses to ICIs, suggesting that additional biomarkers or refined criteria might be necessary. Conclusion: TMB is a promising biomarker for predicting responses to ICI therapy, particularly in lung cancer and melanoma. However, its predictive value in breast and prostate cancers remains uncertain, underscoring the need for more extensive studies. Future research should focus on standardizing TMB evaluation methods and exploring additional biomarkers to improve treatment personalization and outcomes in these cancer types.
Clinical Approach to Chronic Enteropathy Using Capsule Endoscopy in Two Dogs
Authors: Jang Hyomi , Jung Dong-In
Published: November 2024

Chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs presents with persistent symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and changes in appetite. Traditional diagnostic methods, including blood tests, ultrasonography, and endoscopy, often fail to assess the entire small intestine accurately. Capsule endoscopy offers a noninvasive approach that enables comprehensive visualization of the gastrointestinal tract and enhances diagnostic accuracy. In Case 1, a 10-year-old Maltese patient with chronic diarrhea and significant weight loss underwent capsule endoscopy, which revealed severe lacteal dilation and moderate gastric erythema, leading to a diagnosis of severe intestinal lymphangiectasia and moderate enteritis. Despite initial corticosteroid therapy and dietary changes, the clinical improvement was limited. Case 2 involved an 11-year-old mixed-breed dog with chronic vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Capsule endoscopy revealed moderate gastric erythema, severe small intestinal irregularities, and jejunal bleeding, leading to a diagnosis of mild esophagitis, moderate gastritis, and severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with hemorrhage. Treatment with a hypoallergenic diet, corticosteroids, and acid suppressants gradually relieved symptoms. Capsule endoscopy provided crucial diagnostic insights and guided the effective treatment in both cases, mainly when conventional methods were inconclusive. This report highlights the utility of capsule endoscopy as a valuable tool for managing chronic enteropathy in dogs.
Burden of Informal Caregivers from HHC Military Hospital - Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Costa Daniela Patrícia Santos , Ardah Husam I. , Searya Amjad
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Home health care (HHC) services guarantee good patient care and family support. Understanding how we can better help our informal caregivers (IC) by understanding their needs and the burden they experience is crucial; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2024 at (HHC) facility in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) was used to assess the caregiver burden (CB). IC from patients with specific diseases (palliative, cancer, chronic, and dementia) and other factors were studied to identify any association with informal caregiver burden (ICB); (3) Results: Significant CB was defined as ZBI ≥ 21. Total IC (384) participants: 119 (dementia) patients, 104 (chronic), 83 (palliative) and 78 (cancer). The total mean of the ZBI-22 score among IC was 31.66, representing a significant CB. The mean by groups was chronic (38.28), dementia (34.97), cancer (25.21), and palliative patients (22.94). Other variables, such as the duration of care, education level, relationship with the patient, and unemployment, were associated with CB (p-value < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: The caregivers' characteristics and the patient’s disease were associated with significant CB. More interventions from healthcare workers to support the IC are essential to release their burden.
Exploring the Practice of Dual Vaping: Health Risks and Behavioral Patterns in Nicotine and Cannabis E-Cigarette Users
Authors: Vaccari Bongetta Giovanna Nelda , Ferreira França Raony , Pedro Maria Olivia Pozzolo , Leopoldo Kae , Florence Luiza Larrubia Alvares , Blaas Israel K. , Koch Gimenes Gislaine , Torales Julio , Ventriglio Antonio , De Berardis Domenico , Castaldelli-Maia João Maurício
Published: November 2024

Background: E-cigarettes, initially designed for nicotine consumption, are now increasingly being used to smoke cannabis, resulting in a growing trend known as "dual vaping." This term describes individuals, referred to as "dual users," who use e-cigarettes for both substances. This study aims to review and analyse existing research on dual vaping, with a focus on the associated health risks and behavioral patterns.
Methods: A systematic search on PubMed was performed up to August 2023. Studies investigating individuals who use electronic cigarettes for vaping tobacco and cannabis, either chronically or episodically, were included. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were thoroughly reviewed and analysed.
Results: A total of 1,778 studies were screened, of which 53 articles were reviewed, and 25 met the inclusion criteria. Four main characteristics emerged: the demographic variables of users, their health risks, behaviours, and predisposing factors to smoking. Dual Vaping was found to be prevalent among younger men, White and Hispanic populations, and individuals with higher economic status and educational level. The use of one substance was shown to predispose individuals to the use of the other, often leading to concurrent use of both substances. Peer influence and positive expectations regarding e-cigarettes were identified as significant predictors of dual use. Dual Vapers exhibited a higher susceptibility to respiratory and systemic symptoms compared to those who exclusively vaped nicotine or cannabis. Moreover, a notable prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, and depression, was observed in this group. Fruit-flavored e-cigarettes were the most preferred option among Dual Vapers when using both nicotine and cannabis.
Conclusion: Current evidence is insufficient to fully elucidate the long-term impacts of dual vaping on physical and mental health, particularly when compared to individuals who have never vaped. Further studies are needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this behaviour.
A High-Frequency Trading Approach and System for Power Market Transactions
Authors: Luo Dongwen
Published: November 2024

With the increasing complexity and volatility of modern power markets, high-frequency trading (HFT) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance market efficiency and liquidity. This paper proposes a high-frequency trading methodology and system tailored for power market transactions. The approach leverages advanced algorithmic techniques, including predictive modeling, real-time data analytics, and adaptive decision-making processes, to capitalize on micro-level price movements and optimize trade execution. We introduce a novel system architecture that integrates market data feeds, trade execution modules, and risk management tools, enabling rapid responses to market dynamics and improving overall trading performance. Through simulations and case studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in capturing arbitrage opportunities, reducing transaction costs, and enhancing market stability. The proposed HFT framework offers a potential solution to address the growing challenges in power markets, particularly in terms of price discovery, liquidity provision, and market efficiency.
Enhancing Financial Risk Management with Federated AI
Authors: Dhanawat Vineet , Shinde Varun , Karande Vishal , Singhal Kartik
Published: November 2024

Fraudulent transactions are a persistent challenge for financial institutions, demanding robust detection systems to maintain customer trust. Key obstacles include the rarity of fraud cases, leading to imbalanced datasets, and strict privacy regulations limiting data sharing. Additionally, fraud detection must be transparent to preserve user trust. This research addresses these issues by combining Federated Learning (FL) and Explainable AI (XAI), allowing institutions to collaboratively train models without sharing data, thus protecting privacy while ensuring model transparency and interpretability.