bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All-in-one properties of an anticancer-covered airway stent for the prevention of malignant central airway obstruction
Authors: Li Zhaonan , Zhang Wenguang , Jiao Dechao , Tian Chuan , Xu Kaihao , Zhu Haidong , Han Xinwei
Published: September 2023

Malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) resulting from tumor metastasis and compression severely impairs respiration, posing life-threatening risks. To address this, we employed a synergistic modification strategy, combining cisplatin (CIS) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Polycaprolactone (PCL) served as a drug carrier, enabling the preparation of a functional CIS@AgNPs@PCL fiber membrane-covered airway stent via electrospinning. This approach aimed to enhance the patency rate of MCAO. Characterization via ATR-FTIR, scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope confirmed successful immobilization of CIS and AgNPs onto the stent surface. CIS@AgNPs@PCL substantially suppressed non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549), causing DNA damage, ultrastructural disruption, and over 50% apoptosis in 48 h. It also displayed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans biofilms. A mouse subcutaneous tumor recurrence model assessed anti-cancer efficacy. CIS@AgNPs@PCL fiber-covered stents significantly inhibited lung cancer tissue and enhanced anti-cancer effects by up-regulating caspase-3 and Bax, while down-regulating Bcl-2. This study's functional airway stent provides a proof-of-concept for an integrated anti-cancer and antibacterial strategy. It promptly restores the lumen, inhibits biofilm formation, prevents tumor progression, and improves postoperative MCAO patency.
The grammaticalization of impossibility
Authors: Liu Meili , Cuyckens Hubert
Published: September 2023

This study, based on the analysis of historical corpus data, investigates the diachronic development of the Mandarin modal auxiliarywufaand establishes implications both for the grammaticalization of modals and for grammaticalization theory in general. Specifically, our study shows the following results: (1) The grammaticalization ofwufais characterized by coalescence, paradigmaticization, obligatorification, fixation, desemanticization, decategorialization and divergence. (2) Underlying mechanisms at work are structural reanalysis, later followed by syntactic expansion and host-class expansion. (3) The grammaticalization ofwufaon the one hand confirms the diachronic path proposed in previous studies, viz., from root possibility to epistemic possibility; within the development of root possibility, however, it demonstrates a distinct path—from participant-external possibility to participant-internal possibility; it is suggested that an important driving force behind this peculiar development path is the Chinese cultural preference for collectivism. (4) The lexical source of modalwufais a verb-complement sequence (rather than a single full verb).
Fostering human animal earthling identities in Just One Health messages for multi-species food justice
Authors: Freeman Carrie P. , Merskin Debra
Published: September 2023

The commitment of One Health appears at first glance to be an inclusive, intersectional approach to achieving overall wellbeing for all living beings. And yet, as reflected in the call for submissions for this special edition on the dilemma of animal-source food within One Health, it rarely includes, much less centers, animal species (other than humans) in the discussion surrounding our use of their lives, milks, eggs, babies, or bodies. In this article, we are responding to the call of authors who suggest a Just One Health approach can rhetorically infuse more humility and interconnectedness in positioning humans in and among other animals who also want to live freely in safe, healthy habitats. A multi-species justice ethic (blending human and animal rights into the broader rights of ecosystems) should be incorporated as part of Just One Health’s decision-making criteria.

One Health impact statement

The One Health approach to public health integrates the interests, ethics, and rights of humans, animals, and global ecosystems. However, it rarely includes, much less centers, animal species (other than humans) in discussions. A Just One Health approach does this, including other species as primary stakeholders in decisions that impact them and considers animal well-being not as objects but as subjects. A potential solution is to bring animal perspectives in from the margins to the center of ethical considerations and adjust the language used to describe them. This inclusion is critical to the ongoing development of this approach.
Kinetic analysis of 2D Mo2C crystal growth via CVD
Authors: Buke Goknur Cambaz , Caylan Omer Refet , Ogurtani Omer Tarik
Published: September 2023

We investigated the growth mechanism of 2D Mo2C crystals by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under various time and temperature conditions. The growth kinetics and mechanism of Mo2C on Cu via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were investigated using a modified Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model. To analyze the surface coverage, we employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and applied the modified JMAK model to determine the growth rate and activation energy. The growth rate of Mo2C exhibited temperature-dependent behavior, described by the Arrhenius relationship, with an apparent activation energy of 4 eV. The Avrami plot exhibited an exponent of 3 indicating a complex process with nucleation and growth.
Wide-angle effects in the galaxy bispectrum
Authors: Pardede Kevin , Di Dio Enea , Castorina Emanuele
Published: September 2023

Primordial non-Gaussianities (PNG) leave unique signatures in the bispectrum of the large-scale structure. With upcoming galaxy surveys set to improve PNG constraints by at least one order of magnitude, it is important to account for any potential contamination. In our work we show how to include wide-angle effects into the 3-dimensional observed galaxy bispectrum. We compute the leading wide-angle corrections to the monopole, finding that they could mimic local PNG with an amplitude of f
NL = 𝒪(0.1). We also compute the dipole induced by wide-angle effects, whose amplitude is a few-percent of the flat-sky monopole.
We estimate that wide-angle effects in the monopole can be safely neglected for survey volumes of the order of 8 Gpc3
h
-3, while the dipole can start being detected from surveys probing volumes larger than 50 Gpc3
h
-3.
Our formalism can be readily adapted to realistic survey geometries and to include relativistic effects, which may become relevant at high redshifts.
Creep and microstructure stability of different purity aluminium and its alloy processed by ECAP method
Authors: Dvořák J. , Král P. , Kadomtsev A.G. , Betekhtin V.I. , Narykova M.V. , Sklenička V. , Kvapilová M.
Published: September 2023

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a perspective method for preparation of ultrafine-grained materials. A coarse-grained aluminium with different purity and Al-0.2Sc alloy were processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) to evaluate the effect of severe plastic deformation on the thermal stability of resulting ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure and on creep behaviour of the SPD processed samples. These materials were subjected to ECAP up to 8 passes by route BC at room temperature with a die that had an internal angle of 90° between the two parts of the channel. The microstructural investigations were performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) unit. Tension creep tests in constant load regime were conducted at temperature of 473 K on a both coarse-grained and UFG states of materials. It was found that creep behaviour of aluminium and its alloy is influences by their grain size, stability during creep test, material purity, solid solution and precipitate strengthening and fraction of high-angle grain boundaries development during ECAP process. While creep resistance of pure aluminium at elevated temperatures is improved already after 1 ECAP pass, further ECAP passes lead to degradation of creep life in case of low purity Al and Al-0.2Sc alloy.
Study of the structural properties and electrical conductivity of the epoxy/polyaniline composites
Authors: Salloomi Nadia M , Essa Hanaa K , Mohammed Khalid G , Alwan Tariq J
Published: September 2023

In this study, pure samples of epoxy doped with Polyaniline (PANI) were prepared and studied. The casting method was employed to prepare the samples with different doped ratios of PANI (1, 2, 3 %wt) and the morphological, structural and electrical properties of the prepared samples were examined. The field-emission scanning electron microscope FE-SEM images revealed that the doping of PANI improves the morphology of the samples by reducing the cracks in the surface of the samples, while the X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the samples are all polycrystalline and that the crystal structure enhances by increasing the percentage of PANI in samples. The functional groups and bonds were confirmed through infrared spectra examinations FT-IR in the range of 400-4000 cm-1. The electrical tests represented by the D.C conductivity demonstrated an increase in conductivity with an increase in PANI doping, where its value was 1.34E-9 for pure epoxy sample and increases up to 3.44E-9 for samples doped with 3%wt PANI.
Physical and mechanical studies of the influence of the impact angle on the degree of damage to raw cotton in the pneumatic transport system
Authors: Boltabaev Bekzod , Khusanov Sadi , Turaboev Gulomjon
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the physical and mechanical aspects of the transportation of raw cotton in a pneumatic transport system. During transportation the raw cotton collides with the working surfaces of the outlets of the pipelines and the front body of the separator at various angles. A theoretical analysis of the influence of the angle of impact on the degree of damage to raw cotton in the pneumatic transport system was performed. Based on the constructed model of physical and mechanical interaction and the use of an experimental setup an increase in the speed of pneumatic transport of raw cotton, an increase in seed damage, a deterioration in the quality of cotton fibers, and a decrease in their germination during the preparation of raw cotton were studied.
Spectroscopic studies of self-assembly α-carotenoids in binary solvents
Authors: Astanov Salih , Kasimova Guzal , Raupova Iroda , Madaliyev Yarmukhammat
Published: September 2023

The conditions for the appearance of the first stage of self-assembled molecules in the form of dimers and complex associates are revealed as a result of spectral-optical studies of the α carotenoid. It is determined that the structure of associates in the association of molecules is carried out in the form of a head-tail under the influence of a hydrogen bond with their further association in the form of complex associates under the action of dipole-dipole interaction of Van der Waltz forces. It is shown that initially α-carotenoids are oxidized by atmospheric oxygen, as a result of which the compounds in the structure of the studied compounds are more active than C-O groups. The formation of this group contributes to the formation of a homogeneous association of carotenoid molecules in ethanol binary solutions of ethanol + water.
Creation of porous synthetic matrices of polylactic acid (PLA) with ibuprofen impregnation using supercritical fluid
Authors: Rastegaev E K , Gilmutdinov I I , Sandugey N S , Kuznetcova I V , Sabirzyanov A N
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of highly porous biosoluble polymer matrices using supercritical and subcritical fluid technologies is a promising direction in the development of functional materials for modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The subject of the article is the pore formation, the creation of composite polymer matrices and the impregnation of medicinal substances into the resulting structures using supercritical fluids, as well as the identification of patterns of influence of thermodynamic parameters on the physical properties of the resulting structures. Experimental studies were carried out on the creation of PLA polymer implants, composites of PLA-hydroxyapatite HAP with impregnation into the resulting ibuprofen matrix. The obtained samples were studied using spectral methods of analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
Analysis of the results of physical and mechanical experimental studies of the modernized belt conveyor
Authors: Djuraev A , Jumaev A S , Abduraxmanova M M
Published: September 2023

The article presents a diagram of a modernized design of a belt conveyor with composite guide rollers with elastic elements. A complex experimental technique is given. The patterns of changes in torques and angular velocities of the belt conveyor drums are obtained. The patterns of oscillations of the outer sleeve of the composite rollers of the conveyor guide are determined. Based on the analysis of the constructed profile substitutions their recommended values are determined which ensure high performance with minimal values of the friction force.
Generation of homogeneous flows of fast argon atoms to remove wear-resistant coatings from a product surface
Authors: Metel A S , Melnik Y A , Mustafaev E S , Grigoriev S N
Published: September 2023

A new method is used for stripping coatings from any products before application of new coatings that extend their service life. To fulfil this task it is proposed to act on the surface with energetic atoms. The effectiveness of energetic atoms for stripping the coating is determined by the sputtering rate, which grew because of twentyfold compression of their flow. A 3-μm-thick AlTiN film was removed from a 12-cm2 surface area of a 1-cm-diameter cylinder made of tungsten carbide within 12 min.
Regulation of magnetoresistance in SmxMn1-xS by weak external pressure
Authors: Kharkov A M , Sitnikov M N
Published: September 2023

Magnetoresistive effects in SmxMn1-xS (x = 0.1) are investigated under the influence of weak external pressure versus temperature and magnetic field. The angular dependence of the magnetoresistance upon changing the direction of the magnetic field is found. A decrease in magnetoresistance with an increase in current at certain temperatures is found. The experimental data are explained by a change in the external pressure on the sample.
Determination of the physical and mechanical properties of overalls based on the analysis of geometric and thermophysical parameters
Authors: Chorieva Mukhabbat
Published: September 2023

The article describes the multifactorial experiments to determine physical and mechanical properties of overalls based on the analysis of geometric and thermophysical parameters. The thickness of the fabric, the amount of oleophobic coating, and the air temperature affect the physical and mechanical properties of the fabric. This is explained by the fact that various properties of the fabric decrease at high values of coefficients. Between the protective oleophobic coating layer and the fabric, taking into account the effect on the coefficient between the protective oleophobic coating layer and the air, the theoretical change in the body occurs only in the fabric and the protective layers of the oleophobic coating.
Scientific fundamentals for the use of serpentinized rocks from the eastern region of Cuba
Authors: Ojeda Pardo F R , Pons Herrera J A , Ramirez Perez M C , Quiroz Cabascango V E , Mosquera Urbano A P
Published: September 2023

Cuba has one of the largest reserves of basic and ultrabasic rocks in the world, located mainly in the Moa - Baracoa ophiolitic complex, where dunitic rocks abound, bearing the olivine mineral with important refractory properties. The present work shows the main scientific results, accumulated during more than 20 years of research on this raw material, and the obtaining of different refractory products, such as: foundry sands and non-stick paints, refractory bricks, among others. An experimental design of mixture, Mac Lean - Anderson type, was used, which allowed defining the best mixtures for the manufacture of refractory products, determining also the most important physical-mechanical properties and their comparison with similar materials. The use of this raw material would efficiently contribute to the reduction of the impact on the ecosystem currently caused by the accumulation of this debris in the region of Moa.
Optical transmission modulation by fiber guide bending
Authors: Sedova N , Sedov V , Bazhenov R , Povkh I , Dolmatova O , Bogatenkov S
Published: September 2023

The study is aimed at finding out the influence of bending on the waveguide from the point of view of ray equivalence with its modification based on the concept of local plane waves to provide an illustrative way to describe optical transmission in a multimode optical fiber. The paper covers the physical principles of modulation of optical transmission of fiber light guide by the bending radial variation. In addition, the authors obtained the expression for the total radiant energy in the light guide bend section/cutting in the ray equivalence. The mechanism of modulation of the fiber optical light guide and obtained mathematical expressions are the theoretical foundation for producing amplitude fiber-optic sensors.
Optimization of the physical and mechanical processes of stone crushing by the method of computational scanning
Authors: Akabirova L X , Kamalova F R
Published: September 2023

Physical and mechanical processes for processing dry materials such as grinding and crushing are the most resource-intensive ones. It is preferable to carry out the technological process of stone crushing where maximum yield of fine-grained crushed stone with a size of 0-5 mm is obtained. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal parameters of stone crushing on a vertical impact crusher where the yield of fine-grained crushed stone will be maximum. The physical and mechanical processes of stone crushing were optimized using the computational scanning method. The optimization was performed based on the obtained regression equation describing the output of fine-grained crushed stone from influencing factors on the process. To determine the optimal values of the factors affecting the process of stone crushing an algorithm flowchart has been developed and a calculation program has been compiled in Delphi. As a result the following values of operational factors were obtained: incoming raw material size d = 0.0375 m; the speed of the crusher rotor, n = 1600 rpm; the distance between the accelerator and the ring platform l = 0.2 m; the concentration of crushed stone size 0-5 mm at the output of the crusher will be a maximum of 55.37%.
Improvement of the method of calculation of the reduced heat transfer resistance of light openings of buildings
Authors: Komilov Ochil , Akhrorova Munira
Published: September 2023

During the construction of buildings in regions with relatively low outdoor temperatures it is necessary to pay more attention to the issues of heat preservation and minimizing heat losses through external enclosing structures. The paper analyzes the main ways of heat loss minimization through translucent enclosing structures. It is revealed that it is more expedient to reduce heat loss through a window structure by using an effective double-glazed window. The main methods of increasing the reduced resistance to heat transfer of a double-glazed window are described. The methods of reducing heat transfer which occurs due to convection and radiation are analyzed. The reasons for the need for the use of energy-efficient double-glazed windows are given.
Diffusion Models-based Data Augmentation for the Cell Cycle Phase Classification
Authors: Chen Zirui
Published: September 2023

For biological research, sample size imbalance is common due to the nature of the research subjects. For example, in the study of the cell cycle phase, the sample size of dividing cells is also much smaller due to the extremely short duration of the mitotic phase compared to the interphase. Data augmentation using image generative models is an excellent way to address insufficient sample size and imbalanced distribution. In addition to the GAN-like models that have been extensively applied, the diffusion model, as an emerging model, has shown extraordinary performance in the field of image generation. This experiment uses the diffusion model as a means of image data enhancement. The experimental results expose that the performance of the classifier with data augmentation is significantly improved compared with the original dataset, and the positive predictive value is increased from about 0.7 to more than 0.9. The results reveal that the diffusion model has a good application prospect in the area of data enhancement and can effectively solve the problem of insufficient data or unbalanced sample size.
Performance analysis of attention mechanism and teacher forcing ratio based on machine translation
Authors: Lu Chengsong
Published: September 2023

The Seq2seq model has the characteristics that the encoder is used to analyze the input sequence, and the decoder is used to generate the output sequence, which is very suitable for the characteristics of machine translation tasks, making it achieve advanced performance in the field of machine translation. In addition, the attention mechanism has achieved remarkable results in many kinds of natural language processing tasks. The combination of seq2seq model and attention mechanism is the critical research direction in machine translation. To compare the effects of different attention mechanisms on the performance of machine translation models, this paper selects two classical attention mechanisms, including Synthetic Attention and Muti-head Attention, to test machine translation tasks. In addition, for another critical set of the sequence model, teacher-forcing, this paper also tests the influence of different teacher-forcing thresholds on the model performance. The experimental results show that Muti-head Attention has apparent advantages over Synthetic Attention. In addition, the reasonable choice of teacher-forcing also affects the stability of the model in the real environment.
Collaborative obstacle avoidance algorithm and simulation of swarm robots with limited viewing angle
Authors: Yunhong Zhou
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the problem of collaborative obstacle avoidance of swarm robots with limited view angles is studied. In the case of limited view angles, the control model of swarm robots system is designed. The swarm robots can safely avoid a single static obstacle when the obstacle is within the robot’s visual angle. The main research result of this paper is to design a collaborative obstacle avoidance control algorithm for swarm robots, and subdivide the overall control algorithm into three sub algorithms: formation, obstacle avoidance and navigation. The condition of limited view angle is added to the collaborative obstacle avoidance control algorithm of swarm robots, and a control model of collaborative obstacle avoidance of swarm robots with limited view angle is constructed. Then based on the Simulink platform, the simulation is carried out in the case of static obstacle to verify the correctness and stability of the algorithm.
Performance comparison among VGG16, InceptionV3, and resnet on galaxy morphology classification
Authors: Qian Yumeng
Published: September 2023

This article introduces the structures of three classical convolutional neural networks: VGG16, InceptionV3, and ResNet50, and compares their performance on galaxy morphology classification. The different structures of these networks give them some distinct features, leading to different results. The dataset used was Galaxy10 DECals created by the Galaxy Zoo project. The models were compared in the same way, using one fully-connected layer only without modifying its original architecture, evaluated by accuracy, precision, recall rate, and f1 score. The experimental results show that InceptionV3 gave the best classification results from all aspects. The inception module performs well on the galaxy morphology classification problem.
Robot navigation based on multi-sensor fusion
Authors: Deng Mingyao
Published: September 2023

Over the past years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, mobile robots have appeared in more and more fields. Different types of robots play different roles. Due to the complex indoor environment, there are still many technical problems to be solved for robots. Aiming at the shortcomings of single sensor, low mileage accuracy, and poor security in traditional mobile robot navigation systems, we propose a mobile robot autonomous navigation system based on multi-sensor perception. This system integrates mainstream synchronous positioning and mapping algorithms, path planning algorithms, and positioning algorithms, and uses multiple sensors to compensate each other to achieve the automatic navigation function of the mobile robot. In order to verify the reliability of the method, We have carried out multi angle analysis in the simulation environment, and the experimental results show that the proposed navigation system is reliable in operation, high in mileage accuracy, and good in robustness, which broadens the application scenario of mobile robots.
RAT-Cycle-GAN for text to image
Authors: Yin Chenlong , Su Weiheng , Lin Zheyong , Xu Yuyang
Published: September 2023

We present a method that enhances the RATGAN using the idea of CycleGAN to prevent the model from collapsing. The generator with the proposed recurrent affine transformation for text-to-image synthesis and the fusion blocks are connected by an RNN during the generation of fake images to assure the global assignment of text information. The transformation from the phony images to the text is then accomplished using a CNN and encoder with LSTM. A comparison of the generated text with the original text ensures the generator’s preciseness. In order to achieve the state of the art, we evaluated both unconditional and conditional generation’s effectiveness in relation to the accepted standards.
An ultra wideband (UWB) localization system for automatic guided vehicles (agvs) in smart warehouses
Authors: Huang Hao , Huang Ziyu , Wang Dexin , Wang Jiarui , Xu Xiaotian , Yao Peixin
Published: September 2023

As the main component of indoor positioning technology, UWB technology plays an important role in promoting the development of indoor and outdoor seamless positioning technology. This paper presents a proposed localization system of a propagation channel measurement campaign performed in a smart warehouse environment whose dimension is 100 meters * 100 meters and provides an extensive model for this environment. Three different arrangements of basestations are simulated to analyze the effects of basestation constellations and virtual racks are set up to determine the approximate line-of-sight (LOS) probability. At the same time, by considering the influences of varying transmit power, using weighting and using two-way ranging, the distribution of errors and the reliability threshold are drawn and the required bandwidths are determined. Finally, according to the simulation results, the optimal layout and modulation parameters are recommended, and improvements in channel models and algorithms for future work are concluded.
Instrumental variables matter: towards causal inference using deep learning
Authors: Wu Kunhan , Wang Zihan , Zhao Jingyi , Xu Haodong , Hao Tianming , Lin Wenzhi
Published: September 2023

Causal inference requires knowing causal connections between treatment and outcome variables, and DeepIV, a causal inference framework, is the pioneer work to predict such connections by crossing deep learning with causal inference in applying instrumental variables(IVs) to deep neural network. DeepIV has been proved to be one of the best methods in this field theoretically, but how the framework performs on real-life problems still remains unclear. This paper provides an implementation of DeepIV, and use the framework to predict causal effect from people’s educational background on their annual income. DeepIV framework allows us to take advantage of neural network to estimate causal effect by adjusting loss function. To evaluate the performace of DeepIV in solving real-life problems, our experiment is based on real datasets. The result of our experiment shows that DeepIV’s ability to predict causal effect on real data is at least as good as those of other casual inference models’ whose reliability has been verified in practice. Meanwhile, DeepIV does not have obvious shortcoming in predicting outcomes compared with other supervised learning methods.
Impact of multi-GPUs and hyperparameters on parallel algorithms based on pytorch distributed
Authors: Wei Shiyu
Published: September 2023

Neural networks, as powerful models for solving many genuine problems, are suffering from the issue of being too computationally intensive due to the excessive size of the models themselves and the large datasets used for training. This paper’s work focuses on a parallel algorithm, experimented on the classical convolutional neural network LeNet-5, aiming to reduce the time it takes for the neural network to train. This applies a massively parallel GPU structure to take full advantage of its high computing power. Among the approaches to improve the performance of parallel algorithms, many efforts have been made to improve the design of parallel structures, while this work focuses more on the enhancement of parallel algorithms by reasonable settings of neural network hyperparameters. This paper tries to approach (1) reducing the running time by testing parallelism with different numbers of GPUs and (2) further investigating the relationship between parallelism and model accuracy degradation and experimentally deriving a parallel scheme that can reduce the training time while guaranteeing accuracy.
Learning additional latent representations using variational autoencoders
Authors: Shen Chong
Published: September 2023

A noticeable trend of machine learning is to deal with data of various modalities. Besides multimodal motivation, learning more from general information without forgetting the prior, or incremental learning, could also benefit unimodal machine learning. Human understanding often starts from a simplistic, generic view of the whole problem and then fills in the details and nuances. Incremental learning could enable imitation of such a learning process to learn more and potentially faster. This paper examines the possibility of learning additional latent variables from known latent variables for variational autoencoders. A method is proposed to facilitate learning additional information based on a modified β-TCVAE loss function that incorporates known general mutual information. A qualitative comparison is conducted on the dSprites dataset to evaluate the effect of this modification and the change of network structures on the learned latent, which hints at the structural tendency for β-TCVAE to learn new information from explicit known latent.
A microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communications
Authors: Li Yitong
Published: September 2023

The advantages of microstrip patch antennas include small size, adaptable surface, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with integrated circuit technology. Numerous experiments have been done over the past few decades to enhance the performance of this antenna, and both military and commercial sectors have found many uses for it. This paper introduces a microstrip patch antenna with an operating frequency of 28GHz for 5G mobile communication. This research designed and simulated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with 3.494 mm * 5.3 mm * 0.003 mm. The proposed antenna resonates at 28 GHz with a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, a bandwidth of 280 MHz, and a gain of 2.2 dBi. The inset feed technique matches the 50 Ω transmission line impedance. In the design, Rogers RT5880 substrate and copper ground are used. The antenna’s geometry was calculated, and simulated results were analyzed using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. In conclusion, the proposed antenna has a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, VSWR of 1.24, an input impedance of 51.6Ω, and a gain of 2.2 dBi at operating frequency with a compact geometry can be used in 5G mobile communications. The future shift in resonance frequencies and beams can be considered to make the antenna operate as a smart antenna.
Volume and surface effects in Cs-free regimes in NIO1
Authors: Cavenago M. , Barbisan M. , Delogu R.S. , Pimazzoni A. , Ugoletti M. , Antoni V. , Baltador C. , Martini D. , Poggi C. , Taccogna F. , Variale V. , Serianni G.
Published: September 2023

NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization phase 1) is a compact multiaperture radiofrequency H- ion source whose design was optimized for sustainable prolonged beam on target operation; for installation economy, its size was drastically reduced with respect to fusion device D- sources, down to a plasma volume of 1.6 × 10-3 m-3.
Even if Cesium improves H- production as well known, also Cs-free regimes (and intermediate regimes) well deserve some development effort, in view of avoiding long term contamination of the accelerator and for use as cleaning procedure. Data collected by NIO1 in a true Cs-free regime (before 2020) are thus very important, and need a thorough statistical analysis, with special attention to the technique of gas conditioning that was discovered in NIO1 and to the issues concerned with long term operation; N2, Ar, and Xe comparison to oxygen is here shown; all these gases proved useful for conditioning, to different extents. Gas conditioning macroscopically proves the importance of surface effects, even when the final production of H- happens in the source volume. As regards to the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS), exchange of ideas and concepts, such as
electron economy
and biased disks, liners and wall coatings, is considered.
Gas mixing, conditioning and surface material perspectives are envisioned.
Exposing a fibre-based dual-readout calorimeter to a positron beam
Authors: Ampilogov N. , Cometti S. , Agarwala J. , Chmill V. , Ferrari R. , Gaudio G. , Giacomelli P. , Giaz A. , Karadzhinova-Ferrer A. , Loeschcke-Centeno A. , Negri A. , Pezzotti L. , Polesello G. , Proserpio E. , Ribon A. , Santoro R. , Vivarelli I.
Published: September 2023

A prototype of a dual-readout calorimeter using brass
capillary tubes surrounding scintillating and clear plastic optical
fibres was tested using beams of particles with energies between 10
and 100 GeV produced by the CERN SPS. The scope of the test was to
characterise the performance of the tube-based detector response to
positrons in terms of response linearity, energy resolution, and
lateral granularity. After calibrating the detector and processing
the output signal to correct for the energy dependency on the
particle impact point, the linearity of the measurement was found to
be better than 1%. The response to positron was compared to that
predicted by a Geant4-based simulation, finding good agreement both
in terms of energy resolution and shower profile. These results
confirm the validity of the tube-based mechanical option and SiPM
readout as a promising one for future developments.
Assessing policy options for sustainable water use in India’s cereal production system
Authors: Singh Vartika , Stevanović Miodrag , Jha Chandan Kumar , Beier Felicitas , Ghosh Ranjan Kumar , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Popp Alexander
Published: September 2023

In India, the production of rice and wheat account for more than 80% of its total agricultural water use. As farming is highly dependent on water availability, rapidly receding water levels require urgent measures to manage withdrawals. We assess policy instruments that can reduce pressures on water resources, while at the same time limiting adverse impacts on water-intensive cereal production systems, land-use changes and economic welfare. To this end, we use a dynamic and integrated partial equilibrium model of agricultural production and its impact on the environment to reflect two options: an increase in energy costs for irrigation water (price-related effects), and alternatively, physical quotas on water withdrawals (quantity-related effects). We conclude that it is possible to increase energy prices for agriculture with minimal impacts on agricultural production, agricultural prices, and trade in cereal crops, and moderately reduce water withdrawals by 2050. We find that the intermediate effects of pricing policies are negative for all indicators as compared to quota policies. However, by 2050, both policies yield similar outcomes for all indicators. Our results offer insights into ways in which these policies drive different mechanisms and trade-offs on important agro-economic indicators, and they offer the choice for water conservation policy decision-making based on other critical factors such as implementation costs.
Non-parametric projections of the net-income distribution for all U.S. states for the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Authors: Casper Kelly C , Narayan Kanishka B , O’Neill Brian C , Waldhoff Stephanie T , Zhang Ying , Wejnert-Depue Camille P
Published: September 2023

Income distributions are a growing area of interest in the examination of equity impacts brought on by climate change and its responses. Such impacts are especially important at subnational levels, but projections of income distributions at these levels are scarce. Here, we project U.S. state-level income distributions for the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). We apply a non-parametric approach, specifically a recently developed principal components algorithm to generate net income distributions for deciles across 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. We produce these projections to 2100 for three SSP scenarios in combination with varying projections of GDP per capita to represent a wide range of possible futures and uncertainties. In the generation of these scenarios, we also generated tax adjusted historical deciles by U.S. states, which we used for validating model performance. Our method thus produces income distributions by decile for each state, reflecting the variability in state income, population, and tax regimes. Our net income projections by decile can be used in both emissions- and impact-related research to understand distributional effects at various income levels and identify economically vulnerable populations.
Dynamics of a nonlinear epidemic transmission model incorporating a class of hospitalized individuals: a qualitative analysis and simulation
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Goel Kanica , Nilam
Published: September 2023

This study aims to develop a novel mathematical epidemic compartmental model that includes a compartment or class for individuals who become infected and experience severe illness due to the infection. These individuals require hospitalization and the use of specialized medical equipment, such as ventilators, ICU beds, etc, during an outbreak. This compartment is referred to as the ‘hospitalized population compartment’ throughout this study. Additionally, the model incorporates a saturated incidence rate for new infection cases and the hospitalization rate for individuals severely affected by the infection, intending to create a more realistic scenario of the dynamics of disease transmission. The model is developed by integrating a compartment for hospitalized individuals into the standard susceptible-infected-recovered compartmental model and is subsequently mathematically analyzed for qualitative behavior. In this model, the saturated hospitalization rate reflects that the number of severely infected individuals who can be hospitalized is limited at any given time due to constraints in sufficient hospital infrastructure availability. The incidence rate of susceptibles becoming infected is modeled using the Holling Type II functional form, which incorporates inhibitory effects observed within the population. The study analyzes the mathematical model for two types of equilibria: the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium (EE). To investigate the stability of both equilibria, the basic reproduction number,

R
0

, is calculated using the next-generation matrix method. The findings indicate that when

R
0

<
1

, the DFE is locally asymptotically stable. Conversely, when

R
0

>
1

, the DFE becomes unstable, leading to the emergence of a positive EE. Additionally, the study explores the occurrence of forward and backward transcritical bifurcations under specific conditions when

R
0

=
1

. Furthermore, the study delves into both the local and global stability behaviors of the EE. Numerical simulations of the model are also performed to support the theoretical findings.
Context Matters: Patterns in Physical Distancing Behavior Across Situations and Over Time During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Netherlands
Authors: Bussemakers Carlijn , van Dijk Mart , van den Putte Bas , de Bruin Marijn
Published: September 2023

Background

Physical distancing is an effective preventative measure during respiratory infectious disease outbreaks. Prior studies on distancing behaviors have largely ignored context characteristics (physical, social) and time.

Purpose

We investigated patterns in physical distancing over time and across situations, as well as sociodemographic variation herein.

Methods

We employed data from five rounds of a cohort study conducted throughout the pandemic by the Dutch public health institute (RIVM; N ≈ 50.000 per round). We conducted Latent Class Analyses to investigate patterns of physical distancing in a range of situations, followed by regression models to investigate associations between distancing behavior and sociodemographic and context characteristics.

Results

Participants differed in their general tendency to adhere to distancing guidelines across situations, but there were also substantial differences in distancing behavior between situations, particularly at work, with friends and family and outdoors. Distancing at work was strongly associated with work environment characteristics. Younger age groups reported less distancing behavior, particularly with close relations (friends or family) and at work. In periods when the pandemic situation was most severe, people adhered more strongly to distancing guidelines and age differences were most pronounced during these periods.

Conclusions

Physical and social context matters for physical distancing, highlighting the importance of developing strategies for pandemic preparedness that improve opportunities for physical distancing (e.g., reducing crowding, one-way traffic) and accommodate young people to safely meet even in times of high pandemic severity and lockdowns. Future studies should account for the physical and social context in which distancing behavior is observed.
21 An audit of vision assessment in patients presenting for a review of falls
Authors: Noonan B , Cosgrave S , Nunes F , Cooney M T
Published: September 2023

Background

The NICE guidelines 2013 for the management and prevention of falls recommend that all patients receive a formal vision assessment. The British Geriatric Society (BGS) and Royal College of Physicians (RCP) have developed a standardised beside vision assessment tool. We aimed to compare our current practice with the guidelines and identify the proportion of patients presenting with pre-existing visual conditions.

Methods

We searched through all new patients referred from 11/7/2022 to 23/9/2022. Patient charts were retrospectively reviewed and data extracted from comprehensive geriatric assessment proforma documents. Anonymised data was entered in Microsoft Excel® for Mac 2022 for analysis.

Results

150 new patients attended during the study period. 19 (12.6%) were referred for assessment of falls. 16 charts were analysed. The mean age (Standard Deviation [SD] ±) was 86 years (SD ± 5.6). 31% were male and 69% were female. The mean Rockwood Clinical Frailty Score was 5 (SD ± 1.3). 7 (44.7%) patients had either a history of direct visual problems or other medical conditions that could affect vision. 11 (69%) patients were not asked about their vision during their clinical review. Of the 5 patients that were asked, only 2 had a documented visual field assessment.

Conclusion

This audit showed an inconsistent approach to the assessment of vision. Where it was documented, detail on visual problems was limited. None of the patients in the study had all of the checks recommended by the RCP guidelines. Our planned interventions before re-auditing include provision of basic visual assessment tools (e.g. Snellen chart), updating our falls proforma document and staff education.
51 Listening to the voice of nursing home residents and their family members; insights from the National Nursing Home Experience Survey
Authors: Boland T , Kennedy L A , Foley C , O'Carroll T , Flynn R
Published: September 2023

Background

Nursing homes are the primary provider of long-term residential care for over 30,000 older people in Ireland. The first ever National Nursing Home Experience Survey was conducted in 2022 to gather feedback from residents and their relatives or friends on their experiences of nursing homes in order to improve the care provided while also informing regulation and national and local policies.

Methods

The survey sample comprised 53 nursing homes, representative of the national profile of nursing homes by size, location and ownership. Two questionnaires were developed through engagement with key stakeholders; a resident questionnaire, containing 54 questions, administered through face-to-face interviews and a relative or friend questionnaire, containing 49 questions, administered by post. Topics included moving into the nursing home, person-centred care, involvement in decision-making and care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyse quantitative responses, and framework analysis was used to analyse responses to open-ended questions.

Results

718 residents (68% of those invited) and 943 relatives or friends (59.7%) participated. Most residents and relatives said they had a good or very good overall experience with the nursing home. Both groups were particularly positive about the living environment and the staff and caregivers. However, some areas were identified that needed improvement including, resident involvement in decision-making, the food served and having a staff member who residents could talk to about their concerns. Participants also talked about the quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, how they coped with visiting restrictions and the overall impact of the pandemic on their experience in the nursing home.

Conclusion

Prior to the National Nursing Home Experience Survey, there was no standardised measure of nursing home care experience in Ireland. The findings of this survey are being used to improve nursing home care in the future while also informing regulation and policy-making.