bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGHENTIAN PENYIDIKAN: TINJAUAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI DAN HUKUM ACARA PIDANA
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Safrina Anne , Susilowati W.M. Herry
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the police’s authority to stop ongoing criminal investigation, i.e. by the issuance of an Instruction Letter to Cease Criminal Investigation and how it is at present used in practice.  This article is based on a legal reseach conducted on the basis of a legal dogmatic and socio-legal (criminal procedural and administrative law) approach. The research conducted reveals that the police enjoy great discretionary powers when deciding how and when to discontinue criminal investigations. The use of this power is regulated internally outside the purviews of the general public. In practice the police’s discretionary power to decide on the basis of its own wisdom is prone to be used for other social-political or even short term economic interest. IntisariTulisan ini membahas kewenangan diskresioner penyidik dari Kepolisian untuk menghentikan penyidikan melalui penerbitan Surat Perintah Penghentian Penyidikan (SP3) serta penggunaannya dalam praktik. Tulisan ini didasarkan pada penelitian hukum yang menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif (dogmatis) dan socio-legal di bidang hukum acara pidana dan hukum administrasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyidik menikmati kewenangan diskresioner yang sangat luas untuk menentukan kapan dan bagaimana penyidikan dihentikan.  Penggunaan kewenangan ini diatur melalui peraturan-peraturan internal yang pelaksanaannya berada di luar pengawasan masyarakat umum.  Dalam praktiknya bagaimana kewenangan ini digunakan atas dasar kebijakan penyidik seringkali dilandaskan pada tujuan mencapai ragam tujuan sosial-politik bahkan tujuan ekonomi jangka pendek.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE HAKIM TERHADAP ANAK YANG BERKONFLIK DENGAN HUKUM DI PENGADILAN NEGERI LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Sumiadi Sumiadi , Rasyid Laila M , Asmara Romi
Published: July 2017

Children are part of the younger generation as one of the human resources as potential successors inthe future. Violation of law that occurs in the community not only done by adults but also by children,the implementation of the sentence would have been very different from adults. In children should morebe rehabilitation rather than punitive. The results showed that judge who examine and rule on cases ofchildren in conflict with the law in District Court Lhokseumawe still think positivistic/legalistic wheredecisions are decided by the judges commonly used approach based on the criminal justice system.
The Industrial Revolution Impact on Families as Seen in Hard Times
Authors: Abuzahra Nimer , Imraish Nawras
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates how the Industrial Revolution affected the life of the British societyâ€™s families in the Hard Times novel. Throughout this discussion, the researchers will examine the main dimensions that had its negative influence on changing the situations of the families and the internal relationships among the familiesâ€™ members till everything was muddled and hard as this novel is titled. In Hard Times, Charles Dickens represents four families of different social framework, Gradgrindâ€™s family, Stephenâ€™s family, Bounderbyâ€™s family, and the circus performersâ€™ family. When the researcher explores each one of those families, she finds that the industrial revolutionâ€™s impact is really tough, since those families keep suffering throughout the novel due to its cruelty. This revolution is powerful enough to make the relationship among parents and their children, and among husbands and wives cold, uncomfortable, and lacking the usual warm familiar atmosphere.
Universal Experience of Female Tribulations in an Indian Milieu: A Study on Deshpande's Novels Small Remedies and Roots and Shadows
Authors: Jose Jasmine , Rajasekaran V.
Published: July 2017

Though sexual politics is not something new but a universal experience of women, third wave feminism has acknowledged the differences like colours, ethnicities, regions, etc. and has started analysing how the experience of women is something that cannot be universalised but is different for women depending on their cultural background. This paper analyses the experience of middle class women in Indian scenario and how the gap between traditionalists and the educated middle class women in India leads to chaos and confusions in the society and how it imposes great pressure on the women to act according to the rules of the patriarchal community in the society using the selected novels of Sashi Deshpande. It also examines different forms of gender-specific discrimination targeted against women in Indian society.
Bilingual Educationat Sudanese Universities: Exploring Effectiveness and Implications by Ishraga Bashir Mohammed Elhassan English Department, Faculty of Arts Al-Neelain University
Authors: Bashir Ishraga
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to identify the fundamental principles underpinning the effectiveness of bilingual education at universities. The study highlights the implemented language planning activities in three private universities and three Government universities. Also the study reports on the advantages and disadvantages of monolingual education, Arabic-medium and English-medium universities. The reveals that the attitude of most of the students and their faculty members were in favor of using a mixer of Arabic/English instructions. The researcher recommends that policy makers and educationists in Sudan should nurture Bilingualism or even multilingualism and to develop programmes that enhance bilingual education.
A Higher-order Dialogical Logic to demonstrate Leibniz’s Law of Identity of Indiscernibles
Authors: Shafiei Mohammad
Published: July 2017

En este trabajo discuto algunas cuestiones en torno a la ley de la identidad de los indiscernibles, especialmente respecto a su diferencia con la llamada ley de la indiscernibilidad de los idénticos. De esta manera, distingo entre las nociones de identidad, similaridad e igualdad a través de una discusión fenomenológica y utilizando la idea clave de la intencionalidad. Para formular esta ley leibniziana y para examinar su validez, necesitaremos de una lógica de orden superior. Daré entonces reglas semánticas para una lógica de segundo orden con identidad en el marco de la lógica dialógica, que fue introducida por P. Lorenzen. Demostraré así la validez de la ley de identidad de los indiscernibles por medio de la lógica introducida.
Nikolay Grigorievich Khlopin: about life and scientific endeavors (devoted to the 120-th anniversary of birth)
Authors: Odintsova I. A , Gololobov V. G
Published: July 2017

In 2017 we will celebrate the 120-th anniversary of the academician N.G. Khlopin's birth who was anoutstanding evolutionary histologist, the author of a basic concept of tissue divergent evolution, the father of a phylogenetic system of tissues. His endeavors were confirmed and further developed in normal morphology and pathomorphology, the concept of cambial reserve and tissue regeneration, when solving issues of transplantation, inflammatory epitheliza-tion, hematopoiesis (blood formation) and oncology. In his works N.G. Khlopin widely used a method of tissue culture in vitro, which in combination with a histological technique became fruitful in studying the histoblastic potency of normal and tumor tissues. N.G. Khlopin established a prominent scientific histologic school in Russia; its main achievements are described in this article. His concepts are fundamental and applied worldwide; they still have a great impact on the development of medical and biological sciences.
Gingiva as a source of stromal cells with high differentiating and reparative potential
Authors: Zorin V. L , Zorina A. I , Eremin I. I , Deev R. V , Kopnin P. B , Volozhin G. A , Pulin A. A
Published: July 2017

This review is focused on systematization of data describing several features of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. It also presents a detailed review of differentiation and reparation potential of human gingiva-derived stromal cells and opportunities of their therapeutic application in regenerative medicine.
Effects of autologous gingiva-derived cells with myogenic potential on regeneration of skeletal muscle
Authors: Korsakov I. N , Samchuk D. P , Pulin A. A , Mavlikeev M. O , Chernova O. N , Titova A. A , Deev R. V , Bozo I. Y , Zorin V. L , Eremin I. I , Denisova O. V , Karpukhina A. S , Gorodkov A. Yu , Kotenko K. V , Kopnin P. B
Published: July 2017

In our recent studies we found for the first time the ability of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from alveolar gingiva (alveolar mucosa) to differentiate into myogenic direction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of autologous gingiva-derived MSCs with myogenic potential on the regeneration of muscular tissue after mechanical damage. The study was conducted on 11 male rabbits. Biopsy of alveolar gingiva was performed at each animal before experiment for autologous MSCs obtainment. Cultures of MSCs were induced in vitro into myogenic direction. To model the damage, the medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscles were intersected on both pelvic limbs of the rabbit. Injection of autologous MSCs was performed on the seventh day after injury into the damaged muscle of one of the extremities, while equal volume of saline (control) was injected into the muscle of the contralateral limb. The animals were sacrificed on 0, 21, and 35 days after the administration of cells. MSCs transplantation led to significant reduction of the area of muscle damage. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed earlier increase in the proportion of MyoD- and myogenin-positive cells, as well as decrease in the expression of Ki-67 in damaged tissue, in experimental group compared to the control. Autologous cells did not significantly affect the composition of muscle fibers. Significant decrease in the proportion of fibrous tissue was also observed in the experimental group. The results indicate the effectiveness of autologous alveolar gingiva-derived MSCs for treatment of mechanical damage of muscle tissue. Local administration of cells accelerated reparative regeneration and prevented fibrosis.
Erythropoietin-mediated activation of functional properties of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Poveshchenko O. V , Bondarenko N. A , Kim I. I , Lykov A. P , Surovtseva M. A , Pokushalov E. A , Romanov A. B , Poveshchenko A. F , Konenkov V. I , Karaskov A. M
Published: July 2017

Stem cell therapy of diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as myocardial infarction is a prospective method for the stimulation of ischemic tissue repair. The main mechanisms of stem and progenitor cells action is a paracrine. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of erythropoietin on the functional activity of mononuclear cells (MNCs) in patients with chronic heart failure before and after enrichment of peripheral blood with stem and progenitor cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). 48 patients with coronary heart disease participated in the study. MNCs from the separated blood were isolated by density gradient on Ficoll/verografin. The phenotype of endothelial progenitor cells was investigated using monoclonal antibodies to CD34, CD133, VEGFR2, CD31. The Change of MNCs proliferative potential in response to erythropoietin was evaluated by MTT-test. The cytokine production in conditioned media was studied using ELISA. The effectiveness of mobilized MNC intramyocardial administration was assessed at 6 and 12 months by detection of a change in functional class according to NYHA heart failure, volume ejection fraction of the left ventricle of the heart and a change in myocardial perfusion. We showed that the enrichment of peripheral blood by mobilization of stem and progenitor cells in patients with chronic heart failure led to activation of proliferative potential of MNCs and increased erythropoietin production, a cytokine with pro-angiogenic activity. MNC enriched with stem and progenitor cells being culturing with erythropoietin increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-18, IL-8, G-CSF and VEGF, as compared with the basal level of production. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells with the phenotype CD34- /VEGFR2+ have a correlation with the level of erythropoietin production. Secretory erythropoietin level directly correlated with myocardial perfusion, left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure class at 6 and 12 months follow-up. The findings suggest that erythropoietin improves functional properties of the MNC of patients with heart failure after mobilization with G-CSF.
The prospects of creating a pacemaker cardiac tissue using modern technologies
Authors: Bayramova S. A , Strelnikov A. G , Romanov A. B , Yakubov A. A , Losik D. V , Pavlova S. V , Agladze K. I , Pokushalov E. A
Published: July 2017

At the present time there are a lot of implantable pacemakers, which are able to replace the function of physiological pacemakers (sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes). These systems are currently imperfect and have a number of limitations. They require constant monitoring and maintenance due to limited battery life. There are risks of infection of pacemakers system, which may cause a pacemaker reimplantation. Implantable devices are often incompatible with other electric devices (metal detectors and magnets in MRI scanners, as well as power lines), which may affect the operation of pacemakers. Sometimes the electrodes can not be physiologically positioned, which may lead to heart failure and additional symptoms worsen the patient>s quality of life. This article is devoted to a review of methods for creating biological pacemakers, considering advantages and disadvantages of the available modern strategies for obtaining pacemaker tissue, which is based on the using of key modifier genes regulating the embryonic development of ventricular, atrial and pacemaker cardiomyocytes. Furthermore the technologies for creating induced patient specific pluripotent cells (IPSC) and the subsequent development of directional differentiation protocols in the cardial direction discover new approaches for the development of biological pacemakers. Also briefly described the prospects for using modern materials for the development of tissue engineering.
Somatic cells reprogramming and genome editing for stargardt disease modeling for investigation and treatment
Authors: Lebedin M. Y , Mayorova K. S , Maximov V. V , Bogomazova A. N , Lagarkova M. A , Kiselev S. L
Published: July 2017

Degeneration of the retina occurs both in relation to age, and as a consequence of hereditary pathologies. A clinically similar pattern is often associated with different molecular pathways and gene mutations. The arsenal of therapeutic approaches for these patients is very limited. Modern advances in cellular reprogramming and genome editing make it possible to establish a model for the disease investigation and treatment. In this study we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with a clinical diagnosis of Stargardt>s disease. Mutation in the peripherin 2 gene was found and it was shown that the mutation does not affect the efficiency of differentiation in the pigment epithelium of the retina. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system the mutation was corrected in the patient's iPSCs. As a result, isogeneic iPSC lines with a corrected mutation have been generated for establishing of an in vitro model of the disease and potentially suitable for personalized therapy of Stargardt disease.
Ultrastructural features of intercellular contacts in pancreatic insulinomas
Authors: Gordienko E. N , Chekmareva I. A , Paklina O. V , Kriger A. G , Kaldarov A. R , Laricheva I. V
Published: July 2017

Insulinomas are the most frequent functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. To study the ultrastructural structure intercellular contacts of insulinomas G1-2. Material about tumors of 38 patients who had been in the surgical treatment from 2010 to 2015 was studied. Male to female ratio was 38:62 (10/28). The age range differed from 23 to 71 y.o. The average age was 48.2 years. All the patients had the symptoms of hyperinsulinism determined. In 39% (1 5/38) the MEN syndrome was revealed. All the tumors were clinically benign. The electron and histological study of the removed tumors was conducted. In 39,5% (15/38) the tumor was localized in the head, in 24% - in the tail, in 21% - in the body, and in 5% - in the isthmus. In two cases the lesion affected the body and the tail of the gland (5%), and in another two - it affected the whole gland (5%). Tumor nodule size ranged from 0.8 to 5.5 cm. The average size was 2.0 cm. G1 was present in 84%. G2 was present in six cases. The tumors were composed of monomorphic cells with a low nucleus-cytoplasmic ratio and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Two main ß-cell phenotypes in different stages of functional activity were detected. The first type of cells was “the light cells», which were dominated by the processes of synthesis of granules. The second type was “the dark cells», in which the processes of hormone secretion outside the cell membrane were actively running. The two cell types were connected by the desmosomal junctions. In the area of contact of adjacent cells' cytomembrane the portions of the cytoplasmic fusion with the formation of cytoplasmic bridges were determined. This resulted in the formation of syncytium-like structures. These changes were more common between “the light cells”. Through the cytoplasmic bridges the metabolic processes of nutrients and secretory material occure. Perhaps, it is a condition for the release of granules synchronization processes in the bloodstream, which may explain the cause of hypoglycemic crises. Syncytium-like structure due to the large size cannot penetrate through the fenestrated capillary, eliminating the possibility of the formation of the secondary tumors. Moreover, their production makes it impossible to complete the next cell division. Progression of the tumor stops. The formation of syncytium-like structures may be one of the causes of a conservation of a benign potential in insulinoma.
Distraction osteogenesis on microvascular bone flaps: histological analysis
Authors: Melikov E. A , Drobyshev A. Y , Volkov V. A , Yakimenko I. I , Klipa I. A , Shamrin S. V , Miterev A. A , Snigerev S. A , Redko N. A , Bondarev A. N
Published: July 2017

Despite the high osteoinductive potential of vascularized autograft, being used to close significant jaw defects, the processes of osteoresorpton during remodeling in the oral cavity also affect them. The possibilities of distraction osteogenesis allow to restore the necessary volume of bone's tissue at one stage with minimal traumaticity and predictable result, however it's use on vascularized autografts causes a lot of controversy regarding its effectiveness. There has been held a clinical-experimental study of 60 people with jaw defects with various etiologic factors, which were divided into 2 groups: 1 group with defects without previously made osseous plastic, 2 group with defects partially restored by microvascular autografts. Both groups of patients underwent the method of distraction osteogenesis as pre-implantation preparation. At the stage of dental implantation, histological biopsies were taken from the area of the obtained regenerate, to study and visualize the processes during distraction osteogenesis of micro-vascular autografts. There have been received convincing results about the consistency of the distraction regenerate of both groups and have been revealed the high regenerative potential of microvascular autografts.
Management of an Underground River to Overcome Water Scarcity in the Gunung Sewu Karst Area, Indonesia
Authors: Amin Choirul , Priyono Priyono , Jauhari Arif , Priyana Yuli , Priyono Kuswaji Dwi , Cholil Munawar
Published: July 2017

Since people living in a karst area periodically face a crisis due to a lack of fresh water, it is necessary to re-evaluate the ability to use water resources. An appropriate and effective management is required to use available water resource sustainably. We describe a management process of exploring underground river in karst region as water resources. The activities completed included four phases, namely exploration, pre-lifting activities, the water lifting and post-lifting activities. The exploration phase included speleological surveys and data collection for the cave mouth using remote sensing instrument. The pre-lifting was done to prepare various requirements before the lifting process was completed. The water lifting phase consisted of the construction of an underground river dam, the installation of submersible pumps, the construction of reservoirs and the installation of piping to connect to the public hydrant. The post-lifting phase was mainly conducted to organise water distribution evenly. This management model was evidenced to successfully overcome drought in Pucung village by providing fresh water to the local community. Moreover, this model promoted residents’ cost savings by reducing their expenses for buying water from IDR 50,000/m3 to IDR 3,500/m3 (1,300 percent).
Dynanic power flow tool development for low voltage networks analysis with penetration level of distributed generation
Authors: A. Milo  , A. Martinez  , M. Rodríguez  , M. Rodríguez  , A. Goikoetxea
Published: July 2017

This article presents the development of a power flow tool to analyse the impact of the integration of distributed generation on low voltage distribution networks. The work has been implemented in MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. The developed tool can be used in radial or weakly meshed 3-phase networks with the presence of distributed generation. The voltage and power magnitudes of selected nodes can vary over time allowing a dynamic power flow analysis.
Bond graph model of a PEM fuel cell stack
Authors: S. Rabih  , C. TURPIN  , S. ASTIER
Published: July 2017

The fuel cell is a complex system, in which several disciplinary fields are concerned: hydraulics, chemical, thermal and electric. In this paper, we present the hydraulic part of the model of a PEM fuel cell stack via the Bond Graph formalism. The developed model enables to simulate the pressure losses inside the fuel cell. Firstly the basis of Bond Graph modelling is recalled. Then, the structure of the model and its elements are described. Secondly, the model is exploited to study the effects of operating conditions on the pressure losses attached to the distribution of gases in the electrodes.
A new modulation approach to decrease total harmonic distortion of the SPWM voltage waveform using genetic optimization technique
Authors: N. Tutkun
Published: July 2017

The pulse width modulated power inverters have been increasingly using to convert DC power to AC power in small wind plants. When these inverters are used for power conversion, the integrated output voltage waveform is inevitably distorted. Although increasing the switching frequency is one choice to achieve the smoother output voltage, it adds extra harmonics to the output. There are various techniques such as analogue filtering, harmonic elimination etc. to reduce the number of harmonics usually affecting the system performance. In this study, a simple but efficient modulation approach based on the optimization of the shape of the triangular voltage waveform is proposed. The results have shown that the total harmonic distortion of the optimized voltage waveform decreases gradually and thus helps improve on the power quality during the conversion.
An overview on renewable energy technologies for developing countries: the case of Guinea Bissau
Authors: C. Boccaletti  , G. Fabbri  , J.Marco  , E. Santini
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses the need for electricity of remote rural communities in developing countries and the possibility to use renewable energy to supply electricity to non-electrified villages in isolated rural regions. An overview of the main available renewable energy technologies is given and the case of Guinea Bissau is studied. Using a software tool developed in previous works the practical case of a photovoltaic water pumping system to supply water to nonelectrified villages in isolated rural regions of Guinea Bissau is analyzed. Details, simulations and estimated costs are given.
Design of an electrical drive for motorized bicycles
Authors: C. Boccaletti  , G. Duni  , P. Petrucci  , E. Santini
Published: July 2017

The aim of this work is the design of an electrical drive for a motorized bicycle, characterised by new solutions for the control method and the regenerative braking system. A dynamic model of the vehicle has been realised, and the characteristics of the drive have been individuated. An effective closed-loop control strategy has been studied, adjusting the motor torque and the current in order to increase the availability range. Finally, a feasibility study of a regenerative braking system based on the supercapacitor technology has been carried out. All the components of the drive have been selected among the models available on the market. In the paper the results of the simulations are presented and other technical-economical aspects such as energy consumption and costs are also briefly discussed.
Modeling and implementation of renewable energy sources to distribution systems
Authors: Josef Tlustý  , Viktor Valouch
Published: July 2017

Within new projects in the future in supplying local areas, a Power Operation and Power Qua1ity Management System (POPQMS) must be developed. In order to model the parts of network with regulation programmable opened software in Matlab – DynaSolv was developed. DynaSolv can simulate multi-machine dynamics. The paper describes various principles of penetration synchronous machine type DGS into distribution network. This study provides possible complex analysis view on DGS stability issues, which can answer the possibility of connection.
Unit commitment and generation dispatch of a hydropower plant in a competitive electricity market
Authors: Juan I. Pérez  , José R. Wilhelmi  , Luis A. Arévalo
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a model to solve the short-term scheduling problem of a hydropower plant in a deregulated system, based on dynamic programming techniques. The objective of this model is to maximize the revenue obtained by selling energy in a competitive electricity market. The time horizon of the model is divided into hourly periods and ranges from one day to one week. The proposed model determines both the unit commitment and the power to be generated in each hour of the time horizon. The power is considered as a nonlinear function of the water discharge and the reservoir volume; the dependence of the units and plant operating limits on the available gross head has been taken into account; and the water discharged through the spillway has been also allowed for in the model. This approach has been applied to a practical case study, the results of which are analyzed in detail.
Model of integrated pool/conventional/alternative electricity market operation using pay-as-bid pricing
Authors: Fabio Stacke  , Pablo Cuervo
Published: July 2017

A pricing model considering the simultaneous interaction of pool, conventional and alternative markets in a power system is presented. This work inserts a competition for alternative power plants separating the pricing for these three markets. The model use the ‘Pay-as-Bid’ (PAB) pricing approach in opposite of classical marginal pricing (MP) approach because the inelastic demand characteristic and the necessity of reduce total operation cost. In the model pricing approach, an integration process involves an AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) for obtaining awarded bids in the pool and market with the presence of conventional or alternative energy bilateral contracts. As a result, the obtained prices of pool, conventional and alternative energy incorporate the influences of the topology, voltage levels, losses and capacity limits of generators and transmission lines. Results show that agents can plan their portfolios based on reasonable stable prices that reflect the impact of supplying several electricity types and associated costs of resources in several operation scenarios and bid strategies. From the perspective of the system regulator, the minimization of payments by PAB ensures the supply of energy, transmission losses and alternative energy requirements as well as enforcing financial adequacy. Numerical cases are presented for evaluating the model
Influence of capacitances on the impedance-based methods for SLG fault location in distribution networks
Authors: S. Herraiz  , J. Meléndez  , J. Sánchez
Published: July 2017

Fault location has been studied deeply for transmission lines due to its importance in power systems. Nowadays the problem of fault location on distribution systems is receiving special attention mainly because of the power quality regulations. In this context, this paper analyses the influence of the capacitance of cables and compensation capacitor banks when impedance-based algorithms are used to calculate the location of single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults,
Biomass for power and energy generation
Authors: NARSIMHULU SANKE  , Dr. D.N. Reddy
Published: July 2017

Biomass is a scientific term for living matter, more specifically any organic matter that has been derived from plants as a result of the photosynthetic conversion process. The word biomass is also used to denote the products derived from living organisms – wood from trees, harvested grasses, plant parts, and residues such as stems and leaves, as well as aquatic plants. The solid biomass processing facility may also generate process heat and electric power. As more efficient bioenergy technologies are developed, fossil fuel inputs will be reduced; biomass and its by-products can also be used as sources for fuelling many energy needs. The energy value of biomass from plant matter originally comes from solar energy through the process known as photosynthesis. In nature, all biomass ultimately decomposes to its elementary molecules with the release of heat. During conversion processes such as combustion, biomass releases its energy, often in the form of heat, and the carbon is re-oxidised to carbon dioxide to replace that which was absorbed while the plant was growing. Essentially the use of biomass for energy is the reversal of photosynthesis.
Application of genetic algorithms to compute the magnetic field produced by electric power lines
Authors: F. Muñoz  , J.A. Aguado  , F. Martín  , J.J. López  , A. Rodríguez  , J.E. Ruiz
Published: July 2017

In this paper the authors present a procedure, based on a genetic algorithm, to estimate the longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles that characterize their electromagnetic environment, by using a limited number of the available magnetic field measures produced by electric power lines (EPL).
The validation of the considered values is made for different line configurations and taking as reference the measured values and the theoretical ones calculated by the described analytical procedure in [1]
On the dependence between the step orientation and the received direct solar radiance of a PV panel. Part I: the step azimuthal orientation
Authors: I. Visa  , D. Diaconescu  , V. Popa
Published: July 2017

The approached problem regards the energetic efficiency maximization of a tracked PV panel by maximizing the received direct solar radiation, with minimum driving energy.
The objective of this first paper part is to optimize correlation between the panel received direct solar radiation and the daytime tracking steps’ number, in case of an azimuthal tracked PV panel (Fig.1). The paper presents a graphical solving of the problem; from these solutions, an optimization analytic model will be developed in the future.
Toll-Like Receptors as a Potential Marker of Aggressive Periodontitis in Indonesian Population
Authors: Prahasanti Chiquita , Aulanni’am Aulanni’am
Published: July 2017

Toll-like receptors play a role as a bridge between innate immune system and adaptive immune system, playing an
important role in body's defense against invading germs. Thus, the introduction of TLR-4 can be used as a marker for
aggressive and chronic periodontitis. This research aimed to analyze the expression of TLR-4 in patients with aggressive
and chronic periodontitis. The samples in this study were derived from tissue suffering from aggressive and chronic
periodontitis. The number of samples in this research was 40 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 40 patients with
chronic periodontitis. Then, TLR-4 expression test was conducted by using immunohistochemistry. Based on the results
of T-test, a statistical test, it is known that t value was 5.697 with significant value about 0.000 (α = 5%). It is also known
that there was significant difference of TLR4 protein expression between in patients with aggressive periodontitis and in
those with chronic periodontitis. Morever, based on a box plot diagram, it is known that there was significant difference
of TLR4 protein distribution between in patients with aggressive periodontitis and in those with chronic periodontitis.
Besides, it is also known that TLR4 protein expression has an effect on the incidence of patients with aggressive
periodontitis and chronic periodontitis, as well as the shape of the regression equation. Furthermore, it is known that OR
estimated value for the variable expression of TLR4 protein was 1.275 (sign = 0.000). It indicates that if TLR4 protein
expression increased 1 (one) unit, then the risk of aggressive periodontitis could be 1,275 times. Conclusion: The
increasing of TLR4 protein expression in patients with aggressive periodontitis indicates that cytokine becomes an
indicator of inflammation in aggressive periodontitis.
Effects of D-Glucose Exposure on Motor Activity by Swimming Distance During Early Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Kishida Mitsuyo , Rahma Kartika , Prasetyawan Sasangka , Aulanni’am Aulanni’am
Published: July 2017

Several studies have been reported behavioral changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) recently. The
increasing levels of glucose affects neuronal activity and may inhibit the process of differentiation and regeneration of
neurons in the brain. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons produce dopamine as a neurotransmitter which has an important role to
regulate motor functions in the brain. This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to high concentrations of glucose
on the activity of dopaminergic neurons on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos were exposed
to glucose (1%, 3% and 5%) as a diabetic animal model at the beginning of development. Co-incubation was performed
by incubated both of glucose and L-DOPA. Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae was measured as a parameter to
determine the motor function regulated by dopamine activity. Results of statistical analysis in zebrafish embryos exposed
to 1% and 3% glucose showed significant differences (p less than 0.05) reduction on swimming distance. Co-incubation glucose
with L-DOPA partially increased the swimming distance. It can be concluded that the administration of excessive exposure
to glucose was able to decrease the activity of dopaminergic neurons by decreasing the distance of swim in early zebrafish
development.
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Assessment of Physiological Health Status in Relations to Different
Anthropometric and Cardio-Respiratory Measures of Head-Supported
Load Carrying Male Porters of Sikkim, India
Authors: Bhattacharya Koushik , Budiati Mahuya   Patra
Published: July 2017

Background: Carrying heavy loads in the hilly region, porters face extreme ranges in terrain condition, sloped path that is
very steep and lack of oxygen due to altitude. The porters in Sikkim, India, routinely carry head-supported loads, which
often exceed their body weight, over long distances up and down the steep mountain footpaths which prompted us to
assess occupational health status of these head supported load carrying porters. Objective: We aimed our study to
evaluate physical and physiological status of male porters of Gangtok, Sikkim. Methods: Seventeen male porters and
twenty one healthy as well as age matched (Age: 37 – 52 years) control subjects were selected for the study. Different
physical, anthropometric and physiological parameters were studied. Students “t” test was performed to find out the
significant difference (P less than 0.05), if any, between the selected variables. Results: Results of this study on male porters
suggest that they are physically healthy but having spinal shrinkage along with lower hand grip strength and PEFR.
Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that the male porters are associated with decreased lung function and
increased spinal shrinkage. To develop an effective intervention strategy, the treatment seeking behavior of individuals
would also need to be improved through awareness program
Neuroprotection of 17β-Estradiol Against D-Glucose Exposure Effect
on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression and Apoptotic Cells in Zebrafish
Authors: Rahma Kartika , Kishida Mitsuyo , Prasetyawan Sasangka , Aulanni’am Aulanni’am
Published: July 2017

Impaired glucose balance affects the regeneration of neurotransmitters in the brain. One of neurotransmitters that is
known to have an important role in the brain is dopamine. Dopamine production by dopaminergic (DA) neurons is
regulated by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Previous research has been reported that a decline on TH expression
in DA neurons was a result of exposure to excess glucose. One contributing factor is an excess amount of glucose, which
interfere homeostasis in the body by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) more and cause oxidative stress. This
condition can cause damage to cells in the brain, including DA neurons, to cell death occurs (apoptosis). The
characteristic of neuroprotective owned by the hormone estrogen allegedly able to protect nerve cells from the damaging
effects of this. The aim of this study is to explore the involvement of 17β-Estradiol as neuroprotection on the effects of
glucose exposure during early development on dopaminergic neurons. This study used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
as animal model. They were divided into 4 groups: negative control group, hyperglycemia group, group that was coincubated
glucose and estrogen, and the group that only incubated with estrogen alone. Cell death (apoptosis) in the brain
was observed using acridine orange staining and TH expression was observed using immunocytochemistry. The results
showed that the embryos were exposed to 5% glucose significantly (p less than 0.05) increased the number of apoptotic cells and
decreased the expression of TH. While the results of the analysis of embryos in co-incubation group with estrogen
showed improvement with decreased apoptotic cells and the increasing expression of TH up to the normal amount. It can
be concluded that estrogen shown to have neuroprotective effect in protecting the decreasing TH expression, as the
effects of glucose exposure, which could potentially lead to diabetes, by acting as an antioxidant through cellular
mechanisms in the central nervous system
Effectiveness of Cardiac Walking on Blood Pressure Among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Vidhya T. , Kanniammal C. , Mahendra Jaideep , Valli G.
Published: July 2017

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of the mortality in urban and rural India and foremost
causes of the death worldwide. Hypertension is a major risk condition that plays a pivotal role regarding the complications
for those diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome. According to the World Health Organization (2012), hypertension is
the number one cause of mortality in the world and it is a major risk factor for cardiac diseases and stroke. Objectives: i)
To identify the level of blood pressure (BP) in pre and post test among study and control group of patients with acute
coronary syndrome. ii) Determine the effect of cardiac walking on blood pressure among patients with ACS. iii) Associate
the selected back ground variables with the level of systolic BP in the post test among study and control group. Methods:
A quasi experimental design was adopted for this study. There are 50 Patients diagnosed with ASC admitted for the
treatment and attending cardiac OPD were selected by purposive sampling technique of non- probability type. The
intervention cardiac walking given for a period of one month to the study group. Findings: The comparison of before and
after systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) within study group depicted statistically significant difference at **p less than 0.001
but not in control group. The comparison of post systolic and diastolic BP between study and control group inferred that
there was statistically significant difference at **p less than 0.001. Conclusion: Cardiac walking is most effective way to stabilize
the blood pressure among patients with ACS in order to prevent further complications such as stroke.
Antihypertension Effect from Bakasang’s Peptide Extract Based on MDA Levels in Sera and iNOS Expression in Cardiac Tissue of Rats Hypertensive Model
Authors: Nurmahdi Hilman , Prasetyawan Sasangka , Wenno Max Robinson , Aulann’am Aulanni’am
Published: July 2017

Hypertension is an abnormality of cardiovascular condition, marked by high-blood pressure over normal condition. One
of the factors that causes hypertension is altered equilibrium of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron system, which commonly
caused by genetic disorder, could produces excess of Angiotensin II which known as vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II
elevates body’s blood pressure and stimulates production of free radicals causes hypertension and oxidative stress. This
research conducted to explore potential antihypertension effect from bakasang’s peptide extract made from fermented
skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) based on MDA levels in sera and iNOS expression in cardiac tissue from
hypertension rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by DOCA-salt. Rats were divided into five groups, they were: (1) negative
control group, (2) hypertensive control group, (3) hypertension with captopril therapy with dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight
(BW), (4,5) bakasang’s peptide extract therapy with dose of 200 mg/kgBW, and 300 mg/kgBW respectively. The results
showed that bakasang’s peptide extract with dose of 200 mg/kgBW significantly decrease (p less than 0.05) MDA level in sera and
iNOS expression in cardiac tissue. MDA level decreased up to 32.77%, and iNOS level of expression decreased up to
34.46 % after therapy using bakasang’s peptide extract on hypertension rats. It can be concluded that bakasang’s peptide
extract has antihypertension effect (ACE-inhibitor), and capable to decrease MDA levels in sera and iNOS expression in
cardiac tissue on hypertension rats induced by DOCA-salt.
Effectiveness of Propolis Aqueous Extract on Chemical Constituents of Calendula Plants
Authors: A. Mahfouz S. , A.I. Abou-Sreea , R. M. Zewainy
Published: July 2017

This study was performed in order to investigate how the foliar spray of propolis aqueous extract can influence the
vegetative growth and flowering characters, chemical constituents and oil composition of Calendula plants. The aqueous
extract was applied at four levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 gL-1). It was revealed that propolis was of a positive effect upon all studied parameters; there was an increase done due to the application of the aqueous extract of propolis. The highest results were obtained due to the application of 5, 10 and 15 g L -1 from the aqueous extract of propolis compared to 20 g L
-1 and the control plants. 5 and 10 g L -1 gave the highest records of vegetative characters. While, 15 g L
-1 had the highest records of all flowering attributes. In chemical composition optimum results ranged between 10 and 15 gL-1. The highest percentage
of the most important components of the essential oil; sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (cadinene, α-Muurolene and Muurolene)
and sesquiter phenols (α- cadinol, α-Cadinol (Epi) and α-Muurolol (Epi)) resulted from 15 g L
-1. Hence, it could be suggested that propolise aqueous extract could be sprayed on calendula plants at a rate not exceeding 15 g L
-1 to get higher results.
Skin Penetration of Coenzyme Q10 in Nanostructure Lipid Carriers Using Olive Oil and Cetyl Palmitate
Authors: Elaimi Aisha , Shoviantari Fenita , Erawati Tristiana , Soeratri Widji
Published: July 2017

Penetration is an absolute requirement for active ingredient to produce an effect in deep of the skin. First obstacle for active
ingredient to penetrate through the skin is stratum corneum. Nanotechnology that has nano size particles, is the answer to
make it’s penetrate through the skin. In this research the skin penetration of Coenzyme Q10 was loaded in the lipid
nanoparticles that is nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC) was compered with it was dissolved in olive oil. The research result
known that Coenzyme Q10 was loaded in NLC has deeper penetration (639.34 ± 17.69 µm) in the mice skin than it was
dissolved in olive oil as control (33.00 ± 1.71 µm), its just least penetrated into the skin after 6 hours sample application.
Cytotoxic Effect of the Combination of Gemcitabine and Atorvastatin Loaded in Microemulsion on the HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Alkhatib Mayson H. , Al-Saedi Dalal , Backer Wadiah S.
Published: July 2017

The combination of anticancer drugs in nanoparticles has great potential as a promising strategy to maximize efficacies by
eradicating resistant, reduce the dosage of the drug and minimize toxicities on the normal cells. Gemcitabine (GEM), a
nucleoside analogue, and atorvastatin (ATV), a cholesterol lowering agent, have shown anticancer effect with some
limitations. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of the combination therapy of GEM
and ATVencapsulated in a microemulsion (ME) formulation in the HCT116 colon cancer cells. The cytotoxicity and
efficacy of the formulation were assessed by the 3- (4,5dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphyneltetrazolium bromide (MTT)
assay. The mechanism of cell death was examined by observing the morphological changes of treated cells under light
microscope, identifying apoptosis by using the ApopNexin apoptosis detection kit, and viewing the morphological changes
in the chromatin structure stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) under the inverted fluorescence microscope.
It has been found that reducing the concentration of GEM loaded on ME (GEM-ME) from 5μM to 1.67μM by combining
it with 3.33μM of ATV in a ME formulation (GEM/2ATV-ME) has preserved the strong cytotoxicity of GEM-ME against
HCT116 cells. The current study proved that formulating GEM with ATV in ME has improved the therapeutic potential
of GEM and ATV as anticancer drugs.