bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning How to Lobby
Authors: Fuentecilla Jose V.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the lobbying efforts of political exiles. Marcos and his military establishment were essential to the considerable U.S. interests in the Philippines. In turn, Marcos' military had an ongoing need for hardware and training from the United States. This symbiotic relationship dictated the ebb and flow of military aid money each year. By portraying U.S.-supplied security forces as the chief instrument keeping Marcos in power, the opposition hoped to either eliminate or reduce the amount of military aid earmarked for the Philippines. During deliberations on the 1973 aid bill, an amendment was introduced by Senator James Abourezk of South Dakota on December 5, 1973, that would deny assistance to any country that imprisoned its citizens for political purposes. An earlier Abourezk amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1973 would have prohibited the use of aid funds for police, prisons, internal intelligence, or the maintenance of internal security forces. Both amendments were defeated. Given the United States' utter dependence on its Philippine bases, it was unrealistic to think that Congress would risk losing them by cutting off all aid to Marcos. The best the exile lobbyists could hope for was a moderation in the regime's behavior, such as releasing political prisoners or dropping the use of torture.
Basketball and Magic in “Middletown”
Authors: Dyreson Mark
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the passion for Indiana high school basketball that social scientists Robert and Helen Lynd tackled in their 1929 book Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture. In their study the Lynds revealed that Middletown was a real place—Muncie, Indiana. The Bearcats was the actual name of the high school basketball team at Muncie Central High School. They explained how basketball captured the magical essence of Muncie, insisting that “Magic Middletown,” the cultural essence of the community, appeared more fully on the high school basketball court than in any other realm of heartland tribal life. The Lynds's work on “Magic Middletown” marked a turning point in American social science and placed the idea that sport forged community firmly into the scholarly lexicon. This chapter also considers the history of race in Muncie Central basketball that reveals how “they” became “we” in Magic Middletown, raising a variety of questions that remained far beyond the boundaries of the Lynds's sociological imaginations.
The Biggest “Classic” of Them All
Authors: Wiggins David K.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the spirited football rivalry between Howard University and Lincoln University, two historically black universities, by focusing on their annual Thanksgiving Day football games held from 1919 to 1929. African Americans established a number of successful and important separate sports programs during the latter half of the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth centuries. Some of the most important of these programs were those established at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The Howard and Lincoln Thanksgiving Day matchups during the 1920s, a decade commonly termed the “golden age of American sport,” drew some attention in both the white and black press, and among upper-class African Americans in Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and other black communities across the country. This chapter argues that the annual Thanksgiving Day football game between Howard and Lincoln universities was more than just a game. It was “an athletic and social event that provided upper-class African Americans the opportunity to exhibit racial pride, measure themselves against the standards of white universities, and come together as a distinct group”.
The Baltimore Blues
Authors: Nathan Daniel A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how Baltimore's professional football team, the Colts, exemplified the city's values and sense of self, while John Unitas, one of the team's key players, personified the community's idealized civic identity and spirit. From the late 1950s until 1984, the Colts, purchased by Robert Irsay in 1972, were a source of pride for many Baltimoreans. The Baltimore Colts won four National Football League (NFL) championships, the most memorable of which came on December 28, 1958, at the expense of the New York Giants. This chapter first recounts the 1958 championship game between the Colts and the Giants and highlights the role played by Unitas in his team's win. It then describes changes in the city and the Colts during the 1960s and 1970s, along with the team's relocation to Indianapolis in 1984 that left some people in anguish. It suggests that the Baltimore Colt blues will eventually fade away and along with them will go one facet of the city's former identity.
Afterword
Authors: Nathan Daniel A.
Published: May 2017

This book has explored different sports played at different levels (interscholastic and intercollegiate, professional and pickup) by different kinds of people for different reasons; these include baseball, basketball, boxing, golf, and football. It has also looked at varied communities—large, midsize, and small; urban, suburban, and rural; college towns, postindustrial cities, and megalopolises—in more than a dozen states in different regions of the United States. It has investigated the ways in which different people use sport “to connect, to merge, to create community.” Community and identity have been conceptualized differently and brought together with sport in a variety of ways. Many people derive a sense of belonging or “oneness” from playing, watching, and cheering sports. A sense of belonging often provides people with the meaning they desire.
Slavery
Authors: Bontemps Arna
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses slavery in Illinois before and after emancipation. It begins with a brief history of slavery in Illinois, dating back to 1734 when the laws of Louis XIV were enacted, regulating the traffic in slaves in the province of Louisiana—which included Illinois. Slavery was legalized under English rule when General Gage took possession of the territory and allowed the French inhabitants the privilege of becoming English subjects. When George Rogers Clark came into the Northwest, the Virginia House of Burgesses charted the whole territory and enacted a law in October 1778, making it the county of Illinois. The chapter also looks at a man who played a major role in consolidating the opposition to slavery and to lead this opposition effectively: James Lemen. Finally, it considers the controversial Black Laws, or Black Codes, which treated the territory's Negroes and mulattoes as taxable property and were denied citizenship, and the battle between those who opposed and were in favor of making Illinois a slave state.
The Underground Railroad
Authors: Bontemps Arna
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the role of the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses, in providing a means for slaves in Illinois and other parts of the country to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause. Citizens of Bond County, Illinois, had been harboring runaway slaves as early as 1819. The first known case of dispatching a fugitive from Chicago to Canada occurred in 1839. Much of the communication relating to fugitive slaves was carried on in a guarded language. Special signals, whispered conversations, passwords, and figuratively phrased messages were the usual methods of conveying information about underground passengers, or about parties in pursuit of fugitives. The abolitionists knew these as the “grape-vine telegraph.” This chapter considers a variety of ways in which fugitives were conveyed from station to station, along with the participation of railroads in this endeavor.
Churches
Authors: Bontemps Arna
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on several prominent black religious institutions in Illinois, including Quinn Chapel. The establishment of Negro churches in Illinois dates from the late 1830s, with the formation of religious bodies in Brooklyn, near East St. Louis, and Jacksonville. Quinn Chapel in Brooklyn is generally credited as the initial institution (as also the first west of the Alleghenies), although there is evidence that in 1837 two Baptist clerics had organized a church at Jacksonville. In Chicago, Quinn Chapel, a branch of the African Methodist order, was the first Negro congregation. While there was no formal black church organization in Illinois until the late thirties, there had been religious practice of one sort and another among the Negroes. This chapter looks at the rise of various Negro churches in Illinois and how religion became the leading force and attraction in the life of the race in the state.
Introduction
Authors: Heins Laura
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter briefly characterizes Nazi cinema and its preoccupation with the domestic sphere. It argues that, when considering the affinity of the melodramatic mode to propagandistic rhetoric, the Third Reich film industry's interest in melodrama becomes a logical choice. Melodrama, in its most classic form, is a binary mode in which narratives and characters alternate between action and pathos, between vengeance and the submission to fate. Like propaganda, melodrama describes conflict in a polemical manner, avoiding elaboration of the low-contrast shades of facts and details. Furthermore, the chapter also serves to narrow down the scope of this investigation into Third Reich cinema and to lay out the major themes underscoring discussion in the succeeding chapters.
Melody’s Polyrhythmic Polysemic Possibilities
Authors: Smith Christopher J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the musical repertoires collected by William Sidney Mount in order to understand early minstrelsy's melodic imagination and polyrhythmic style as well as its creole synthesis. It situates Mount's melodic repertoire within the wider context of contemporaneous rhythm and dance repertoires, including the ongoing resources represented by Anglo-Celtic music and dance; the newer dance-types of the polka, quadrille, and cotillion; and the already-creolized tunes explicitly associated with blackface minstrelsy and New York comic theatricals. The chapter suggests that the black–white exchange of the creole synthesis can be traced in movement vocabularies and that the creole synthesis was as present a factor in dance musicians' tune repertoires as it was in dance rhythms. The contents of Mount's musical collection and recollections provide evidence that he was a major participant in social and dance music making.
A Dangerous Amateur
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses William Gibson's contributions to science fiction fanzines in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, with particular emphasis on his cartoons and articles. When he was fifteen, Gibson began publishing cartoons in Fanac and his own fanzines, which reflect an adolescent sense of humor. Two cartoons in Wormfarm indicate that Gibson, like many science fiction fans, detested John W. Campbell Jr.'s enthusiasms for dubious pseudoscience like psychic powers (“psionics”) and the Dean Drive, a purported engine that violated Newton's Third Law of Motion. Gibson's prose in early fanzines is generally unmemorable, suggesting that he channeled his creative energies into poetry at the time. During his stay in Arizona, Gibson devoted his time to doing normal things, but he never really stopped reading science fiction. This chapter also considers Gibson's published reviews and articles, including “Stoned,” which appeared in the 1976 issue of the BCSFA Newsletter.
All Today’s Parties
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines three William Gibson novels: Pattern Recognition, Spook Country, and Zero History. Gibson had planned Pattern Recognition for a long time: in 1986, he declared that he would “eventually try something else,” and “in twenty years” he would probably be “writing about human relationships.” By shifting from the future to the present, Gibson clearly felt that he was relaunching his career, and hence he logically reverted to the pattern of his first novel. Known as a science fiction writer for decades, Gibson felt an obvious need to justify Pattern Recognition's present-day setting. This chapter considers a number of ways to argue that Pattern Recognition should be classified as science fiction. Spook Country asserts that we live today in a world filled with science-fictional events, but we are unable or unwilling to properly observe them. Zero History suggests that Gibson has entirely distanced himself from the world of computers, the focus of the cyberpunk literature he was once said to represent.
Conclusion
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: May 2017

This conclusion reflects on the reputation that William Gibson will likely enjoy in the future, based on his publications to date. Gibson has earned a permanent place in the history of science fiction, and he will always be remembered for his seminal contributions in the 1980s. Despite the stylishly cynical attitude said to characterize cyberpunk, Gibson has shown himself to be unfashionably optimistic fiction tropes of space travel and alien life. But he even more assiduously avoids creating apocalyptic futures such as Alas, Babylon and similar science fiction visions that terrified him as a child. This chapter argues that Gibson does not worry about what future generations might say about him; for Gibson, anyone thinking about the future is really thinking about the present, precluding genuine speculation about the future, so there is no reason to worry about the unknowable judgments of posterity.
The Aesthetics and Power of Flute Sounds, Timbres, and Sonic Textures
Authors: Olsen Dale A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses flute timbres and sonic textures. Flute timbres or tone colors, especially, are what characterize the flute and make it such a unique musical instrument. Small flutes are noted for their shrill and piercing tone colors, and in many cultures, the sounds of small flutes pierce the hearts, souls, and perhaps other areas of the human body of many listeners because of the high pitches. In some situations, the sound of the flute is like the wind, or is sad, lonely, and pensive. Like the Japanese shakuhachi and the Persian nay, most flutes are capable of a great variety of timbres that can imitate sounds of nature or evoke many emotions. The term “sonic texture,” refers to the “simultaneous sounding” of two or more instruments or voices. Throughout the stories presented in this book, flutes have mostly been played as solo instruments in a single-part texture. In many regions of the world, however, especially in the South American rainforest and Andes mountains, Africa, New Guinea, Japan, and Java, just to name a few, flutes are played in ensembles that create multipart textures.
What Is Our Sacred Responsibility in the World?
Authors: Yadlapati Madhuri M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines four particular ways in which faith has been expressed as a commitment to one's responsibilities vis-à-vis one's community and God. It discusses Hindu epic illustrations of dharma, or sacred duty; an allegorical extrapolation of Christian responsibility in C. S. Lewis's Narnia series as well as his discussion of the relationship between faith and works; Islamic understanding of human beings as God's caliphs (khalifa) and the responsibility for jihad; and Jewish articulations of human responsibility in a covenantal relationship with God. These examples concern a specific interface of religious ethics and the commitment to faith, by which one embraces a tremendous sense of responsibility for the very fate of the human world.
Hear Our Truths
Authors: Brown Ruth Nicole
Published: May 2017

This book examines how Saving Our Lives Hear Our Truths, or SOLHOT, a radical youth intervention, provides a space for the creative performance and expression of Black girlhood and how this creativity informs other realizations about Black girlhood and womanhood. Founded in 2006 and co-organized by the author, SOLHOT is an intergenerational collective organizing effort that celebrates and recognizes Black girls as producers of culture and knowledge. Girls discuss diverse expressions of Black girlhood, critique the issues that are important to them, and create art that keeps their lived experiences at its center. Drawing from experiences in SOLHOT, the book argues that when Black girls reflect on their own lives, they articulate radically unique ideas about their lived experiences. The book documents the creative potential of Black girls and women who are working together to advance original theories, practices, and performances that affirm complexity, interrogate power, and produce humanizing representation of Black girls' lives. In doing so, this book expands on the work of Black feminists and feminists of color and breaks intriguing new ground in Black feminist thought and methodology. Emotionally and intellectually powerful, the book combines theory with creativity to show how the creative helps to theorize, and how theory can be enacted through creativity.
Conclusion
Authors: Brown Ruth Nicole
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter features a series of personal letters that underscore the necessity of envisioning Black girlhood differently than it is described on mainstream television; popular magazines; through statistics; and in policies that punish, segregate, and silence. The letters are addressed to people whose love and compassion is a testament to continue this work and who intimately know the necessity of maintaining personal healing while also advocating for the abolition of all forms of Black girl servitude. Moreover, it emphasizes that SOLHOT is not meant to be prescriptive and does not offer itself as a successful model of girl programming. The letters represent a kind of personal meditation that on the sly challenges systemic inequalities, appealing to those who inspire and motivate Black girlhood renewal as a space of freedom.
Science on Trial
Authors: Caudill Edward
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the resurrection of William Jennings Bryan's rhetoric in the twenty-first century, one in Kansas and the other in a small town in Pennsylvania, as creationists continued to appeal to individual rights and democratic principles. One side fumed for science and against theocracy. The other side railed about the assault on religion and bemoaned the abandonment of sacred traditions. In both cases, two worldviews are evidently in conflict. This chapter begins with an overview of the controversy involving the State Board of Education in Kansas, which adopted science standards in 2005 that treated evolution as a flawed theory. It then considers the case in Dover involving the American Civil Liberties Union and how it brought intelligent design to “the center of legislative debates in more than a dozen states.” It shows that the Dover trial was proof that, over the years since Scopes, creationism had moved from a faith-based argument to one that claimed to be empirically grounded and an argument not about religion in schools but about individual rights and fairness.
Caribbean GPS
Authors: Davies Carole Boyce
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses racism in the Caribbean. Some Caribbeans have claimed that there was or is no racism in the Caribbean while some have indicated that the United States is where they first encountered racism. Others, in even more extreme articulations, say that Caribbean people do not experience racism in the United States in the same way as do African Americans. However, all research reveals that racism is an international phenomenon that appears differently nuanced according to historical and cultural locations; it is also a structural socioeconomic organizing system that creates a hierarchy in which race determines how individuals and communities are able to access resources and power; how they are located in systems from education to criminal justice, athletics to the entertainment industry.
Multiracial Asian Americans and the Myth of the Mulatto Millennium
Authors: Nishime Leilani
Published: May 2017

This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to trace the history and continued significance of multiracial representations, in order to challenge a dominant U.S. cultural narrative that imagines multiracial people as symbols of the declining significance of race. It then turns to a discussion of contemporary multiracial Asian American representations. Multiracial Asian American representations form an especially productive ground to explore the contradictions of racial narratives in the United States. Understanding why Asians, particularly multiracial Asians, have so frequently been held up as examples of the eventual triumph of a colorblind United States can help us see what interlocking racial narratives make this such an alluring story. If we contextualize that story within politics, social hierarchies, and a longer historical trajectory, it becomes clear that leaving Asians out of discussions of color blindness and multiracial meaning in the United States serves only to naturalize and render invisible racial inequalities and power hierarchies.
“That These Things Might Come Forth”
Authors: Talbot Christine
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the development of some of the fundamental theological turns that made Mormonism so unique among nineteenth-century Americans, including the doctrinal place of polygamy from the founding of the Church in 1830 through the Mormons' exodus to Utah in the late 1840s. The theological and political concepts that Joseph Smith outlined in the early years of the Church—including the plan of salvation, sealing and adoption, and eternal increase—intimately tied gender, plural marriage, and the family to the building of Zion and the advent of the kingdom of God in all its places. Since the public announcement of the Church's belief in and intent to openly practice plural marriage, Church leaders publicly endorsed the practice as a fundamental, even defining, aspect of Mormonism and integrated the practice into a broader vision of Mormon political philosophy.
“The Utter Destruction of the Home Circle”
Authors: Talbot Christine
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses anti-Mormon literature from its beginnings in domestic fiction. Anti-Mormons objected to polygamy not only because they believed it promoted licentiousness and degraded its participants but, perhaps of deeper social consequence, because it also undercut the distinctions between public and private that middle-class white Americans so highly prized. Plural marriage upset the private intimacy of romantic love and introduced outside influence into the home circle. Indeed, Anti-Mormons claimed that under polygamy, public and private merged together, such that neither the home nor the polity could exist in a viable form. Moreover, if monogamous private life created and maintained the good citizen, then the perversions of Mormon polygamy did the opposite; it turned privacy into religious despotism, private property into socialism, and citizens into blind followers incapable of independent thought.
The Pizza of Love
Authors: Tarulevicz Nicole
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how cookbook authors tried to use food and food preparation to define a Singaporean national identity by looking at cookbooks that claim to represent authentic Singaporean cuisine. The range of recipes—specifically, their method and explanation—across time reveals a shifting national cuisine, reflecting demographic and class shifts yet working to establish rules about what constitutes national food. However, in a society where the kitchen has a diminished role, the purchase of a cookbook takes on a new meaning. When a cookbook is not being used to provide recipes, its function as an indicator of social status or of aspirationalism and as a signifier of traditional values becomes more prominent. The chapter then shows how food gives people an illusion of cultural connection that ultimately serves the government by endorsing a notion of racial harmony based on multiracialism, not multiculturalism.
A New Era
Authors: Hendricks Wanda A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how Fannie Barrier Williams responded to both hardening racial attitudes and the growth of the black population in the second decade of the twentieth century by joining forces with black and white club women in their attempts to solve the many problems that plagued the black community. It begins with a discussion of the race riots sparked mainly by anger over increasing black migration that led to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It then considers Barrier Williams' efforts in expanding the services of local organizations and increasing black women's engagement with municipal work in Chicago. It also explores how race and gender defined Barrier Williams' espousal of women's participation in municipal politics and concludes with an assessment of her personal loss during the period: the deaths of her mother Harriet and husband S. Laing, as well as friends Celia Parker Woolley and Jenkin Lloyd Jones.
Qualifying Times
Authors: Schultz Jaime
Published: May 2017

This perceptive, lively study explores U.S. women's sport through historical “points of change”: particular products or trends that dramatically influenced both women's participation in sport and cultural responses to women athletes. Beginning with the seemingly innocent ponytail, the subject of the Introduction, the book challenges the reader to look at the historical and sociological significance of now-common items such as sports bras and tampons and ideas such as sex testing and competitive cheerleading. Tennis wear, tampons, and sports bras all facilitated women's participation in physical culture, while physical educators, the aesthetic fitness movement, and Title IX encouraged women to challenge (or confront) policy, financial, and cultural obstacles. While some of these points of change increased women's physical freedom and sporting participation, they also posed challenges. Tampons encouraged menstrual shame, sex testing (a tool never used with male athletes) perpetuated narrowly defined cultural norms of femininity, and the late-twentieth-century aesthetic fitness movement fed into an unrealistic beauty ideal. Ultimately, the book finds that U.S. women's sport has progressed significantly but ambivalently. Although participation in sports is no longer uncommon for girls and women, the book argues that these “points of change” have contributed to a complex matrix of gender differentiation that marks the female athletic body as different than—as less than—the male body, despite the advantages it may confer.
Transformative Power
Authors: Wainwright Hilary
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers a transnational, historical, and comparative look at the political mobilization of the European working classes against austerity and inequality. It examines the recent example of Syriza, a radical left coalition that emerged in opposition to neoliberal attempts to impose a crushing austerity on the Greek population. It compares this experiment to earlier political efforts mounted by the left wing of the British Labour party in London in 1982–86 and that of the Brazilian Workers' party (PT) in opening up decisions about new municipal investment to a citywide process of popular participation in Porto Alegre from 1989 until 2004. Both the experiences of the Greater London Council in the early 1980s and the PT in municipal government in the 1990s were attempts to change the state from being a means of domination and exclusion to becoming a resource for transformation by campaigning for electoral office in order then to decentralize and redistribute power. In practice, Syriza is attempting the same project at a national level.
“Territorio Libre”
Authors: Gold Roberta
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the work of young radicals in the Black Panthers, Young Lords Party, student left, and lower-profile neighborhood groups who sought to establish community say over housing during the Vietnam War period. It first provides an overview of ghetto radicalism in the late 1960s before turning to school activism and the involvement of women radicals in the housing struggle under the banner of community control. It then considers the emergence of the squatter movement, along with the squatter actions launched by young radicals in collaboration with older activists in an attempt to preserve ome of New York's scarce low-rent housing stock. It also discusses the interaction between Old and New Left housing organizers that amplified the feminist awakenings taking place in New York during this period. In particular, it looks at how young people who became active with Met Council on Housing were mentored by women whose brand of feminism focused on a deliberate analysis of sexual exploitation.
Introduction
Authors: Grow Nathaniel
Published: May 2017

This book examines the history of the Federal Baseball litigation and explains how Major League Baseball first came to be exempt from antitrust law. In a unanimous ruling, penned by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., in the 1922 case of Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore, Inc. v. National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, the United States Supreme Court held that the “business of base ball” was not subject to the Sherman Antitrust Act because it did not constitute interstate commerce. The Court has affirmed Federal Baseball on two separate occasions, first in 1953 and then again in 1972, giving Major League Baseball antitrust immunity. This book examines how baseball came to enjoy its unique antitrust status, and more specifically why Justice Holmes concluded that the sport was not interstate commerce and thus not subject to federal antitrust law. It argues that the decision was consistent with the prevailing judicial precedents of the day and highlights several critical tactical mistakes committed by the Baltimore Federals's counsel throughout the litigation.
Hillary Clinton as Campaign Surrogate
Authors: Parry-Giles Shawn J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter represents the first installment of Hillary Clinton's news biography and examines the news coverage of Clinton during the 1992 presidential campaign and her entrance onto the national stage of politics. It recounts the baseline news frames that laid the foundation for judgments of Clinton's authenticity against which future frames would converge and diverge. The chapter also describes her most formative media moments during this period, which linguistically and visually acted as stock frames that authenticated Clinton as a feminist and inauthenticated her as a woman of tradition. Her political image was thus framed as a political intruder violating the protocol of presidential campaigning; an anomalous candidate's wife rejecting the trappings of home and domesticity in favor of feminist principles; and a political lightning rod who exuded personality problems that promised to disrupt her husband's presidential bid and undermine the traditions of first lady.
Marketing Memory
Authors: Kistler S. Ashley
Published: May 2017

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that by perpetuating the traditions of their ancestors, market women connect themselves to the prestige and power of the past, honoring the legacies of their ancestors who dominated the market in previous generations. The local category of the house provides them with a flexible model of kinship that ensures their ability to select viable heirs to continue their family's participation in the market and preserve their high-status identities over the years and generations to come. By doing so, and by becoming prominent figures through marketing, these women secure their own immortality as a part of the narrative that governs local history and memory. Through the recognition, power, and prestige they generate in the market, the women, like their market ancestors before them, will forever remain an integral and inextricable part of life in Chamelco.
From Pillar to Post
Authors: Bauman Thomas
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the decline of the Pekin Theater after Robert T. Motts's death. Motts had died intestate. Chicago's Municipal Court assigned the settling of his estate to Judge Charles S. Cutting. The case seemed simple enough at first. Only one lawyer, Edward E. Wilson, represented all those who initially presented themselves as next of kin. But almost immediately another black lawyer, J. Gray Lucas, presented a suit on behalf of further claimants to the Motts fortune. This chapter first discusses the court hearings over Motts's estate that involved delving into his family history to rule on the contested claims of consanguinity. It then describes the problems faced by the Pekin, which it says were also being experienced by black-owned theaters and road shows around the country in 1912, even as the Pekin still possessed one unique and indelible asset—its name, and the “race sentiment” it continued to evoke. It also considers the Pekin's revival of Captain Rufus, along with the theater's dark days for most of 1916.
Digital Critical Editing
Authors: Pichler Alois , Bruvik Tone Merete
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the aims of digital critical edition, and offers an organized inventory of tools that can help with collation, edition, research, reading, and conservation. It presents an overview of the tasks that express the ambitions of digital critical edition, while unveiling a classified inventory of techniques used at different levels of data collection, transcription, edition, research, consultation, and archiving. The discussion of these techniques thus provides readers with a natural progression from collection to edition and from edition to use and to conservation. Particular attention is given to tools and techniques that enrich traditional critical editions and facilitate scientific decision making, as well as facilitate, stimulate, and amplify readers' traditional and new access to edited materials.
Hating the Zeal to Spread Slavery, 1854
Authors: Moore William F. , Moore Jane Ann
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy were brought together by a common vision to end slavery. Lincoln, a Springfield lawyer, and Lovejoy, a Princeton pastor, met for the first time at the Springfield State Fair in Illinois on October 4, 1854. At that time, both Lincoln and Lovejoy were angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act championed by Illinois Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln wanted the Whigs and Lovejoy wanted the Republican Party to lead the “fusion” movement uniting all those opposed to Douglas's law and advocating the restoration of the Missouri Compromise. In a speech, Lincoln declared, “This...real zeal for the spread of slavery, I cannot but hate.” Lovejoy, one of those in attendance, identified with Lincoln's emotion and conviction, as his brother, Elijah, was murdered by a pro-slavery mob. This chapter first discusses the beginning of the Republican Party in Illinois before turning to his and Lincoln's election to the Illinois House of Representatives on November 7, 1854.
Introduction
Authors: Dow Bonnie J.
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book focuses on the national television news narratives about the second wave of feminism that proliferated in 1970, a year in which the networks' eagerness to make sense of the movement for their viewers was accompanied by feminists' efforts to use national media for their own purposes. The interaction of these efforts produced coverage that was distinguished by its contradictions—it ranged from sympathetic to patronizing, from thoughtful to sensationalistic, and from evenhanded to overtly dismissive. The effects of the movement's heightened public profile proved to be equally unpredictable. Even negative coverage had positive outcomes for movement growth; at the same time, some feminist media activism that proved surprisingly successful had an adverse effect on movement cohesion.
“Lascivious Gestures” and “Festive Sports”
Authors: Carr James Revell
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the first musical encounters between Hawaiians and Euro-American sailors, beginning with the arrival of Captain James Cook in 1778. It explains early European and American visions of what Cook called “The Sandwich Islands,” and demonstrates that modern stereotypes of Hawaiian culture had their genesis in the stories of paradise on earth brought back to Europe and the United States by sailors. It shows how Hawaiians used music and dance as a conscious strategy for pacifying and disseminating information about the potentially violent foreigners. The chapter concludes with stories of the earliest recorded performances of hula in North America: in 1792, when two young Hawaiian women traveling with Captain George Vancouver performed at the home of the governor of Alta California in Monterey; and in 1802, when Hawaiian seamen working aboard American ships performed at the Park Theatre in New York and the Federal Street Theatre in Boston in productions of the popular pantomime The Death of Captain Cook.
Virtual Homelands
Authors: Mallapragada Madhavi
Published: May 2017

The Internet has transformed the idea of home for Indians and Indian Americans. This book analyzes home pages and other online communities organized by diasporic and immigrant Indians from the late 1990s through the social media period. Engaging the shifting aspects of belonging, immigrant politics, and cultural citizenship by linking the home page, household, and homeland as key sites, this book illuminates the contours of belonging and reveals how Indian American struggles over it trace back to the Web's active mediation in representing, negotiating, and reimagining “home.” As the book shows, ideologies around family and citizenship shift to fit the transnational contexts of the online world and immigration. At the same time, the tactical use of the home page to make gender, racial, and class struggles visible and create new modes for belonging implicates the Web within complex political and cultural terrain. On e-commerce, community, and activist sites, the recasting of home and homeland online points to intrusion by public agents such as the state, the law, and immigration systems in the domestic, the private, and the familial. The book reveals that the home page may mobilize to reproduce conservative narratives of Indian immigrants' familial and citizenship cultures, but the reach of a website extends beyond the textual and discursive to encompass the institutions shaping it, as the Web unmakes and remakes ideas of “India” and “America.”
Dis(h)coursing Hunger
Authors: Githire Njeri
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the use of the trope of hunger in Lindsey Collen's There is a Tide (1990) and Mutiny (2001) to dispel the myth of Mauritius as a model of paradise that permeates historical, travel, and literary writing. In these texts, the plight of characters debilitated by lack of nourishment, literally and metaphorically, and symbolically consumed by the ravenous, parasitic apotheoses of capitalist market relations points to cannibalism as the ultimate act of domination. Specifically, Collen draws an analogy between the historic slavery that had been the economic basis of the island as a plantation colony, and contemporary economic processes that commodify bodies in the production of consumable goods. In this general scenario of cannibalistic cravings that threaten the autonomy of physical and national bodies, the predicament of the Chagossians (or Chagos Islanders)—forcibly displaced to Mauritius after their island was expropriated and turned into a strategic lynchpin for U.S. military operations in the Middle East and the wider Indian Ocean region—evokes territorial appropriation as spatial cannibalism par excellence. The chapter also highlights the newer forms of cannibal intent that continue to define islands' contact and subsequent negotiations with consumer culture.
Epilogue
Authors: Githire Njeri
Published: May 2017

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This book has attempted to show the return of the cannibal in contemporary Caribbean and Indian Ocean writing, a return that is as much thematic as it is historical, economic, and political. As an archetypal othering trope, cannibalism is considered the antithesis of cosmopolitan ideals, ideals that persistently appeal to the elite for whom international mobility is synonymous with modernity, style, and indulgence. These elitist models of global interactions marginalize the knowledge and wisdom from which Caribbean and Indian Ocean societies draw. Yet through the cannibalistic incorporation of Caribbean and Indian Ocean societies within networks that mark the global world, these societies continue to play a crucial role in processes of transculturation and in the broader processes of cosmopolitan exchanges. It is hoped is that this book has brought together select texts in ways that open up new research directions.
Chowtal and the Dantāl
Authors: Manuel Peter
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses two distinct traditional entities in Indo-Caribbean music culture—the antiphonal folksong genre called chowtal and the dantāl, a common metallophone—which have flourished in the diaspora. In fact, they have become considerably more widespread, on a per capita basis, than their counterparts in North India. In the process, they illustrate how the neotraditional stratum of the international Bhojpuri diaspora—including both the Caribbean and Fiji—can constitute an entity that shares features that, despite being of traditional Indian origin, nevertheless are distinct from the Bhojpuri ancestral culture. These phenomena illustrate how, in this sense, neotraditional Bhojpuri diasporic music culture is best seen not as a microcosm of its nineteenth-century Bhojpuri-region ancestor, but as an entity with its own distinctive features, in which inherited features may assume trajectories quite distinct from their North Indian counterparts.
Tassa Drumming from India to the Caribbean and Beyond
Authors: Manuel Peter
Published: May 2017

Tassa drumming is an Indo-Trinidadian art form of extraordinary originality and richness, combining technical virtuosity and innovative dynamism over a solid base of traditional repertoire and style. With more than one hundred semiprofessional groups performing on the island, tassa is heard at competitions and various other functions, and it is indispensable at Hindu weddings and the Muslim Hosay (Muharram) commemoration. This chapter discusses tassa drumming in its relation to North Indian counterparts and with regard to its present forms, styles, and social contexts. Formal analyses are presented both as timely documentation of this impressive and understudied art form and in order to advance arguments about its evolution and the nature of its incorporation of creole elements.
Interactivity, Blogs, and the Ethics of Doing Sport History
Authors: Olive Rebecca
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the potential of blogs and blogging for sport historians. Blog posts, using a variety of media but largely focused on written text, are produced by single authors or collectives for a variety of purposes, including to “provide information, as self-representation, to tell a story, to work toward a political goal, or to represent a culture, experience, idea or issue, outside of mainstream media.” As such, blogs can be a research source for understanding the processes of collectively constructing cultural and social memories. Like other social media archives, blog posts contain a wealth of commentary and information that is potentially valuable to historians as they grapple with understanding meanings of particular pasts in the present. Moreover, blogs offer the potential for reflexive historical practice.
The CNT and the War Years
Authors: Baer James A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter details the relationship between the anarchist movements in Argentina and Spain from 1910 to 1918, when World War I and the Russian Revolution brought serious challenges to the anarchist movement. Violence and labor unrest leading up to the 1910 centennial of Argentine independence caused the government to pass a new social defense law that further restricted radical immigrants and increased deportations. At the same time, Spanish anarchists created the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labor, CNT), which became the country's most powerful and important labor federation through the 1930s. The Argentine anarchist movement experienced a serious rupture at a 1915 meeting of unions, and the Federación Obrera Regional Argentina (FORA), which had guided the movement since the beginning of the century, became weakened. World War I had virtually ended immigration from Spain to Argentina, and the new group of anarchists included some Argentine natives. In this period of personal and ideological rivalries, a branch of the old federation became the FORA V. It emerged as champion of what it called a “purer” anarchism and challenged the ideology of the Spanish movement's leaders.
Women of Letters
Authors: Zaytzeff Véronique
Published: May 2017

Perhaps because women neither yet dare to tackle head on the great problems facing the world, nor to look very deeply inside themselves, their literature partly remains an escapist literature. One knows that, much more than men, they have always sought to create in imagination or to re-create by recollection a domain that is true to their yearnings. They have, in particular, readily looked for refuge in their childhood memories, in nature, or in dreams of love. Today we still find these themes in most of the novels written by women. Nevertheless, they are now handled in a totally different way than they were in the preceding generation....
Love and Politics
Authors: de Beauvoir Simone
Published: May 2017

I think that Lise London cannot be understood if one also does not understand what communism is and what having an absolutely unconditional faith in communism is.1 Lise London is a heroic woman. She is the one who, during the Occupation, got up on the counter in a store at the corner of the rue Daguerre and the avenue de la Porte-d’Orléans, and launched an appeal to all the women of France, telling them that they must resist and help their husbands to resist in every possible manner. Incidentally, it was an organized demonstration: they sang “la Marseillaise,” and there were FTP there to defend Lise London....
Conclusion
Authors: Fones-Wolf Elizabeth , Fones-Wolf Ken
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter argues that in the end, the Congress of Industrial Organizations' (CIO) Southern Organizing Campaign failed for a number of reasons—employer intransigence, repression by local authorities, public opposition, racism, anti-Communism, CIO strategies, and the improving economic conditions of workers all contributed. Southern evangelical Protestantism also played a part, but not the one typically described in the historical scholarship. The larger lesson is that social movements of any sort and at any time should begin by understanding the culture of the people that they hope will follow their lead. Understanding that only some sort of faith will generally move people to take chances, those social movements should strive to grasp the central elements of that faith.