bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diarchy and history in Hawaiʻi and Tonga
Authors: Valeri Valerio
Published: September 2021

This paper treats a well documented case of tension between diarchic and monarchic tendencies — that of ancient Hawaiʻi. The instability of diarchy in Hawaiʻi is contrasted with its stability, until the late eighteenth century, in another Polynesian society, Tonga. These different solutions correlate with the different place that a properly historical representation of kingship — that is one that recognizes discontinuities in time, that does not abolish time by making the present identical to the past — have in the two societies.
The role of secrets in the invention or reinvention of families
Authors: Muszkat Susana , Vorchheimer Monica
Published: September 2021

The authors propose that there are secrets in all families and discuss the link effects they produce as they are either transmitted transgenerationally or withheld from members of the family they actually concern. Secrets have determinant influences on the link configuration of families, on its dynamics, and, even, on its symptomatic formations. Often, an intentional or accidental revelation of secrets that were previously kept buried produce an explosive commotion within a family. Unmourned memories shape our destinies in disguised manners, and manifest themselves not as revelations of such secrets but as important psychological symptoms that pervade across generations. Different theoretical approaches are discussed and two clinical vignettes exemplify the text.
Creative illusion in couples: thoughts about the value of transitional experience for couple relationships
Authors: Friend Julie
Published: September 2021

This article explores the importance of transitional experience—the intermediate area between internal and external reality, and a necessary and vitalising arena throughout life—in couple relationships. It considers the relationship between containment, transitional experience, and creativity, and how these ideas might add an element to Morgan's "creative couple" concept.
Enlisting the thinking of Winnicott, Bion, and more current thinkers such as Goldman, Ogden, Peltz, and others, technical implications such as the importance of flexibility in emphasis between prioritising interpretation of projective processes and in non-verbal avenues of containment are explored.
Shame, culture, and gender: rethinking the treatment model for couple therapy after an affair
Authors: Pang Yun
Published: September 2021

Both the trauma-based and object relations treatment models for couple therapy after an affair can be counterproductive and insufficient because they do not adequately address the powerful motivators of behaviour embedded within cultural and gender norms. In this context, it is essential for therapists to be aware of the impact of culture on our sense of self and couple relationships. We need to make visible deeply internalised gender and cultural norms earlier in the therapeutic process. These hidden values often manifest themselves through the core emotion of shame. Understanding how shame operates intrapsychically, relationally, therapeutically, and socially is a critical task for practitioners. Couple therapy practice must go beyond the "trauma" of an affair to include the larger social cultural political reality.
Postpartum Mother Psychosocial Conditions With Covid-19 Isolation
Authors: Astuti Marilin Diah , Mintasih Sri
Published: September 2021

Background: Postpartum mothers with COVID-19 isolation can experience feelings of anxiety about being infected and afraid of death, loneliness, loss and sadness so that it can have an impact on the mother's psychosocial condition which can increase to stress and trauma, confusion and anger due to having to undergo the delivery process and self-isolate without family support, Not allowed to be visited or meet anyone. If this condition is allowed to continue without proper treatment, it can result in a psychotic condition
Objectives: To identify maternal psychosocial conditions in postpartum mothers in the COVID 19 isolation room
Methods: 100 postpartum mothers who were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instrument used was a questionnaire on the characteristics of the respondents; the social support questionnaire which is a modification in the Indonesian language of the postpartum support system questionnaire and the family coping questionnaire; and a questionnaire to measure maternal psychosocial conditions using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS).
Results: A total of 43% of mothers experienced psychosocial problems, namely major depression. Factors associated with postpartum maternal psychosocial conditions with COVID19 isolation were work, economic status, parity status and social support (p <0.05). The factor that most influenced maternal psychosocial conditions in postpartum mothers with COVID 19 isolation was social support (OR 4.024; 95% CI; 1.601-10.112)
Conclusion: Social support is a dominant factor affecting postpartum maternal psychosocial conditions.
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Feet Sensitivity Disorders In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Utami Indhit Tri , Annisa Fitri
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that accounts for the highest number of deaths in the world with complications of microangiopathy that cause sensitivity to the feet. The occurrence of impaired foot sensitivity in patients is the most common and serious condition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Objective: This study aims to find out the dominant factors among the variables of age, gender, long-suffering from DM, smoking history, and hypertension. This research was conducted at Tejo Agung Lampung Health Center.
Methods: The sample in this study amounted to 36 respondents with purposive esampling. Impaired foot sensitivity is performed through the Ipswich Touch Test (IpTT) technique. Bivariate analysis uses the Spearman Rank test and multivariate analysis uses logistic regression tests
Result: showed that age is the dominant factor in the occurrence of impaired foot sensitivity with a value of 0.002. Multivariate analysis through regression equations obtained an equation value of 8.5%. This means that if a Type 2 DM patient is ≥ 50 years old and suffers from hypertension, then at risk of 8 times experiencing impaired leg sensitivity.
Conclusion: This study is expected to provide education and monitoring in DM patients to perform foot examinations so as to prevent complications such as diabetic ulcers.
An Overview of Spiritual Needs on Patient’s Anxiety Levels Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Hospital
Authors: Haloho Sevtri Ledyana , Siagian Ernawati
Published: September 2021

Background: Spiritual needs have a relationship with the level of anxiety related to a person's body and soul to improve coping in dealing with difficult situations.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe variable attributes, spiritual needs, and anxiety levels in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Methods: The research method is correlational descriptive using a purposive sampling technique, with a total of 155 respondents. The Spiritual Needs Questionnaire was used to measure spiritual needs and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was used to measure anxiety levels.
Results: The research method is correlational descriptive using a purposive sampling technique, with a total of 155 respondents. The Spiritual Needs Questionnaire was used to measure spiritual needs and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was used to measure anxiety levels.
Conclusion:Spiritual support as a means of coping and managing anxiety is needed to strengthen patients and families in overcoming their illness during the COVID-19 pandemic
ОКРЕМІ КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ КІБЕРЗЛОЧИННОСТІ
Authors: Єдгаров А. Р.
Published: September 2021

У статті зазначається, що проблеми запобігання кіберзлочинності значною мірою дещо складно виявити через глобальний масштаб інформаційних мереж. Вказується, що у випадку ефективності вжитих зусиль заважають ті самі проблеми, які притаманні будь-якому комерційному проєкту міжнародного рівня. Зазначено, що виникають і додаткові складнощі, пов’язані за участю структур приватного сектору, в багатьох країнах законодавство з цього питання або зовсім відсутнє, або має обмежений характер. У багатьох випадках, навіть якщо керівництво країни рішуче налаштовано на боротьбу з кіберзлочинністю, у держави немає необхідних технічних можливостей для розробки потрібного законодавства або механізмів його реалізації у разі, якщо таке законодавство вже існує. Вказується, що в умовах відсутності необхідної нормативно-правової бази та технічних можливостей для її реалізації злочинці можуть увійти в Інтернет анонімно, користуючись мережею на території слаборозвиненої держави, і безкарно здійснювати кримінальні правопорушення із-за кордону, тож кіберзлочинність є розповсюдженим явищем, і відчувати себе захищеним від таких кримінальних правопорушень практично неможливо. Межі кіберпростору є безмежними, хакери мають досить розвинені навички, щоб залишитися в ньому інкогніто, і тому це створює проблеми під час розслідування таких кримінальних правопорушень.
ПРОБЛЕМА АБСЕНТЕЇЗМУ В КОНТЕКСТІ КРИЗИ СУЧАСНОГО ПАРЛАМЕНТАРИЗМУ
Authors: Шевченко А. Є. , Француз-Яковець Т. А.
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджено причини й умови виникнення феномену абсентеїзму, а також проблеми та особливості, які існують сьогодні у сфері реалізації виборчого права. Проаналізовано і розглянуто політичні, соціальні та психологічні чинники, які впливають на рівень виборчої активності. Розглянуто явище парламентського абсентеїзму крізь призму демократії та легітимності діяльності парламенту. Досліджено взаємозв’язок політичної і правової культури населення та процесу формування чіткої громадянської позиції, громадянської активності та соціальної відповідальностї.
Microbial Inoculants Modulate Physiological Behaviour Of Troyer Citrange Under Drought Stress
Authors: Barman Prananath , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: September 2021

A study was undertaken with Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata), the rootstock of citrus, to elucidate the interaction effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant-growth-promoting bacteria on plant physiology under both ample watered and water stress conditions. The result exhibited significant influence of Glomus intraradices and phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) (mixture of Bacillus subtilis and B. megatherium) on plant growth due to root-fungus-bacteria interaction leading to reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, production of antioxidant metabolites, higher anti-scavenging enzymes and higher acquisition of plant nutrients, besides enhancing rhizosphere microbial activity. Thus, Troyer citrange could be co-inoculated with G. intraradices and PSB during propagation for healthy growth of the seedlings thereby pre-ponding the budding and subsequent establishment of composite plants under field conditions.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 467-474, 2021 (September)
Interactive Effects of Vermicompost and Seed Tuber Size On the Production of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)
Authors: Mostofa Maruf , Roy Tuhin Suvra , Chakraborty Rajesh
Published: September 2021

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of vermicompost and seed tuber size on the yield of Potato. The experiment consisted of two factors, i.e., factor A: Vermicompost level (Vc-4): Vc1: 0 t/ha, Vc2: 3 t/ha, Vc3: 6 t/ha and Vc4: 9 t/ha; factor B: Tuber size (T-5): T1: 5 - 10 g, T2: 10 - 20 g, T3: 20 - 30 g, T4: 30 - 40 g and T5: >40 g. Vermicompost was found to have a significant effect on most of the yield contributing parameters. Results showed that yield parameters increased with increasing vermicompost level irrespective of tuber size. Among the 20 treatment combinations, vermicompost @ 9 t/ha with tuber size > 40 g produced the maximum yield (31.33 t/ha) that was 216.82% higher than Vc1T1.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 695-700, 2021 (September)
A Case of Laryngeal Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Mimicking Laryngeal Amyloidosis
Authors: Kim Min Woo , Kwak Min Young , Choi Jun Yong , Chang Dong Sik
Published: September 2021

Laryngeal amyloidosis is a rare disorder characterized by localized amyloid deposition and carries an excellent prognosis. On the other hand, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common type of marginal zone lymphoma. MALT lymphoma has a poorer prognosis compared to laryngeal amyloidosis due to more frequent local recurrence, distant metastasis and malignant changes. Despite the differences, as both are found in the form of benign mass and have slow progression, accurate diagnosis is necessary. This report deals with the case of a patient with voice change accompanied by a mass, in which the initial biopsy did not include enough specimen for an accurate diagnosis. However, in the second attempt, an adequate sample was obtained, hence the final diagnosis of laryngeal MALT lymphoma. Based on our recent experience and a review of related literature, we report a case of laryngeal MALT lymphoma mimicking laryngeal amyloidosis.
Verification of Hearing Aids by Comparing Real Ear Measurements and Word Recognition Scores
Authors: Cheon Taeuk , Kim Yehree , Park Marn Joon , Kwak Min Young , Yang Chan Joo , Yoo Myung Hoon , Park Hong Ju
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives In this study, we introduce our method of hearing aid (HA) verification using real ear measurement (REM). We verified HAs that have gone through the fitting program using speech mapping REM; we then compared the outcome with word recognition scores (WRS) to evaluate functional gain. Subjects and Method Fifty-six patients of sensorineural hearing loss (81 ears) were enrolled in the study. In REM, if the gap between the target gain of HA and real ear aided response (REAR) was less than 10 dB SPL, fitting was considered successful. In speech audiometry, unaided maximum discrimination score (PB max), unaided WRS at 65 dB HL and aided WRS at 65 dB HL were measured. By comparing PB max and aided WRS at 65 dB HL, patients were sorted into best (n=15), good (n=57), and poorly (n=9) aided groups and analyzed for the successes of fitting. Fitting was deemed unsuccessful if REAR was ≥10 dB SPL lower than the target value of HA.Results The mean aided WRS at 65 dB HL of best, good and poorly aided groups were 85.6%, 77.3%, and 54.2%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between all groups (p=0.019, 0.001, 0.002). The success rates of HA fitting showed significant differences at 0.5, 0.75, 1, 4 kHz of 55 dB SPL (p=0.023, 0.005, 0.003, 0.014), and at 4 kHz of 65 and 75 dB SPL (p=0.004, 0.001). The high WRS group showed sufficient gain at many frequencies. Conclusion Well fitted HAs can provide sufficient increase in speech intelligibility. Using the speech mapping REM is a great method to verify fitting of HA.
A Case of Sphenoidal Meningoencephalocele Masquerading as an Isolated Sphenoid Mucocele
Authors: Kim Young-Chan , Kwak Jiwon , Kim Hyeongeun , Lee Sang Hag
Published: September 2021

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease is often misdiagnosed because of its rarity and varing clinical presentation. A 51-year-old male visited the hospital with abnormal brain CT findings which showed homogenous opacification associated with sinus wall expansion on the right sphenoid sinus. Under the impression of isolated sphenoid mucocele, the fenestration of sphenoid sinus was conducted without surgical complication. But, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea spontaneously developed 3 days after fenestration operation and then stopped by sealing the suspicious leakage site with free graft of inferior turbinate mucosa. Based on the pathological findings, paranasal sinus CT and MRI findings, this case is reported to be meningoencephalocele developed in sphenoid sinus.
Defining Safety Space for Functional Tongue Surgery in Korean Male Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients; Analysis on Spatial Relation of the Tongue and the Lingual Artery
Authors: Park Marn Joon , Choi Young Jun , Lee Yong Seok , Chung Yoo-Sam
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives Upon operation of the tongue base for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the lingual artery and the hypoglossal nerve are put at risk of injury, resulting in fatal complications such as massive bleeding upon damage. We studied the course of lingual artery in its relation with the tongue in OSAS patients and compared it with the age-and- gender-matched normal population.Subjects and Method Korean male patients confirmed with OSAS by polysomnography, including those who had contrast-enhanced computed tomography (ceCT) of the head and neck, were defined as “OSAS group.” Patients who had their ceCT image during the same study period were defined as the “control group.” The control group was paired with the OSAS group by age and sex. By using foramen cecum (FC) as the main reference point, four reference marks were defined. For each reference point, the distance between both lingual arteries and the depth of the lingual artery from the lingual surface of the tongue were evaluated. Results The depth of the lingual artery from the lingual surface of the tongue in the OSAS group (25.1±8.6 mm) was significantly different from the control (29.5±5.9 mm) at 1 cm anterior to the FC level (p<0.014). The width of both lingual arteries was narrower in the OSAS group (20.9±2.9) than in the control (24.3±6.1) at the FC level (p<0.003). Conclusion The course of lingual artery and its spatial relation with the tongue in Korean male OSAS patients differs from the matched normal population.
Perceptual Emotions and Emotional Virtue
Authors: Starkey Charles
Published: September 2021

In this essay I focus on two areas discussed in Michael Brady’s Emotion: The Basics, namely perceptual models of emotion and the relation between emotion and virtue. Brady raises two concerns about perceptual theories: that they arguably collapse into feeling or cognitive theories of emotion; and that the analogy between emotion and perception is questionable at best, and is thus not an adequate way of characterizing emotion. I argue that a close look at perception and emotional experience reveals a structure of emotion that avoids these problems. I then explore other ways in which emotions can be operative in virtuous acts and virtue traits outside of their relation to motivation. The patterns of emotional response that we have can affect virtue because they affect the way in which we see and take-in information about the world, and the gravity that such perceptions have for us. In addition, emotions are critical to virtue because they maintain the level of importance that values have for us, and in doing so forestall axiological entropy, namely the fading of the importance that values have for us, and thus the virtues that are dependent on those values.
Definition of character for medical education based on expert opinions in Korea
Authors: Hur Yera
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This follow-up study focused on 3 overarching questions: what keywords can be extracted from experts’ definitions of character?; what is the operational definition of character for medical students?; and what possible solutions can be suggested to address the issues of character education that were identified in the previous study?Methods: Sixty-three medical education experts recruited through expert sampling and 19 non-medical education experts recruited through snowball sampling answered a questionnaire that addressed the 3 major questions of the study. The responses were analyzed for descriptive statistics with supplementary keyword extraction tools, including the Cortical and Monkey keyword extractors.Results: A total of 93 definitional statements were counted, and 138 keyword terms were extracted. The top 5 keyword terms mentioned by the medical education experts were “patient”, “empathy”, “qualities”, “attitude”, and “ability”. These keyword terms were quite different from those mentioned by the non-medical education experts. Based on the extracted keywords, an operational definition of character education by the medical education expert group was presented as follows: the basic qualities and ability to empathize with patients affected by illness based on respect for patients and others. Various methods were proposed to solve the issue of character education, and many of them pointed to curriculum development, such as improvements in teaching and learning methods and evaluation methods, including role modeling.Conclusion: A clear statement of the concept of character education is the start to resolve issues of character education. Character education improvements will be possible at the institutional level according to the above results.
Effect of pectin and amidated pectin on cholesterol homeostasis and cecal metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet
Authors: Marounek M , Volek Z , Synytsya A , Čopíková J
Published: September 2021

Two experiments were performed to compare the effect of pectin and its hydrophobic derivatives on homeostasis of cholesterol and cecal metabolism in male young rats. Control rats were fed a diet supplemented with palm fat and cholesterol (50 and 10 g/kg, respectively). Rats of other groups were fed the same diet containing citrus pectin or octadecylpectinamide (60 g/kg). Diets were fed for 4 weeks. In experiment I, pectinamide of lower degree of amidation (30 %) increased serum HDL cholesterol from 1.20 to 1.43 micromol/ml (p>0.05) at the expense of other cholesterol fractions. In experiment II, pectinamide of a higher degree of amidation (53 %) significantly decreased total serum cholesterol from 2.08 to 1.67 micromol/ml. Amidated pectins at both levels of substitution significantly decreased hepatic concentrations of cholesterol and fat. In both experiments the relative weight of cecum in the pectinamide group was significantly lower than in pectin group. The highest cecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were found in rats fed a diet with pectin (133.2 and 129.3 micromol/g in experiment I and II, respectively). In other groups, cecal SCFA was significantly (pectinamide groups) or non-significantly (controls) lower. In wet feces, SCFA concentrations were higher and butyrate molar proportions lower than in corresponding cecal contents. Pectinamide of a lower or higher degree of substitution significantly increased fecal content of cholesterol from 18.5 and 17.3 micromol/g in controls to 31.8 and 28.0 micromol/g, respectively. Corresponding concentrations of coprostanol were decreased. Effects of pectin on cholesterol homeostasis were absent or marginal. Histological examination revealed that hepatic tissue of control and pectin-fed rats was infiltrated with lipids. The Sudan black-positive material was absent in the liver of rats fed pectinamides. No pathological changes of liver tissue were apparent. In summary, hydrophobic amidated pectins significantly altered cholesterol homeostasis in rats and might be considered as a clinically effective hypocholesterolemic agent. Low cecal SCFA concentrations in rats fed pectinamides suggest that amidation of pectin had decreased its fermentability.
ECG body surface mapping (BSM) in type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: Žďárská D , Pelíšková P , Charvát J , Slavíček J , Mlček M , Medová E , Kittnar O
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. ECG of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM 1) shows tachycardia (block of parasympathetic innervation) and abnormal repolarization (increased QT interval and QT dispersion (QTd)) indicating a risk of ventricular tachycardia and sudden death in young people with DM 1. The aim of the present report was to measure 145 parameters of the heart electric field in 22 patients (14 men, 8 women) with DM 1 without complications (mean age 32.8+/-11.4 years) and in 22 controls (11 men, 11 women, mean age 30.1+/-3.4 years). The duration of diabetes was 13.9+/-7.8 years. The parameters were registered by the diagnostic system Cardiag 112.2 and statistically evaluated by the Student and Mann-Whitney test. Tachycardia (86.3+/-2.7 beats.min(-1)), shortening of both QRS (79.9+/-1.6 ms) and QT (349.0+/-5.9 ms) and increased QT dispersion (115+/-36 ms) were observed in DM 1 when compared with the controls (75.0+/-2.1 beats. min.(-1), QRS 89.9+/-2.7 ms, QT 374.0+/-4.4 ms, QTd 34.0+/-12.0 ms, p<0.01). The QTc was 415.2+/-4.1 ms in DM 1 and 401.4+/-6.6 ms in controls (NS). Other significant findings in DM 1 were: higher maximum of depolarization isopotential maps (DIPMmax) in the initial phase of QRS and less positive in the terminal phase, more negative minimum (DIPMmin) during QRS similarly as the minimum in depolarization isointegral maps (DIIMmin) and the minimum in isointegral map of the Q wave (Q-IIMmin), lower maximum in repolarization isopotential maps (RIPMmax) and less negative minimum (RIPMmin), more negative amplitude of Q wave (Q-IPMAM) and more pronounced spread of depolarization (activation time). Our results confirmed a decreased parasympathetic to sympathetic tone ratio (tachycardia, shortening of the activation time) and revealed different depolarization and repolarization patterns in DM 1. The differences in heart electric field parameters measured by the BSPM method in DM 1 and in the controls indicate the importance of ECG examination of diabetic patients type 1 in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
The role of adrenergic agonists on glycogenolysis in rat hepatocyte cultures and possible involvement of NO
Authors: Hodis J , Kutinová-Canová N , Potměšil P , Kameníková L , Kmoníčková E , Zídek Z , Farghali H
Published: September 2021

Certain liver metabolic diseases point to the presence of disturbances in glycogen deposition. Epinephrine raises the cAMP level that activates protein kinase A leading to the activation of phosphorylase and glycogen breakdown. In the present report, we sought to investigate whether NO is produced during adrenoceptor agonist-induced glycogenolysis in rat hepatocytes in cultures. Isolated glycogen rich rat hepatocytes in cultures were used. NO production (NO(2)(-)) was assessed under the effect of adrenergic agonists and adrenergic agonist/antagonist pairs, dibutyryl cyclic AMP sodium-potassium salt (db-cAMP), NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine (AG) and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP). The inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA was examined by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Glycogenolysis was quantified by glucose levels released into medium. The amount of glucose and NO(2)(-) released by hepatocytes was increased as a result of epinephrine, phenylephrine or db-cAMP treatments. The increase in glucose and NO(2)(-) released by epinephrine or phenylephrine was blocked or reduced by prazosin pretreatment and by NOS inhibitors aminoguanidine and L-NAME. iNOS gene expression was up-regulated by epinephrine. It can be concluded that glycogenolysis occurs through -adrenoceptor stimulation and a signaling cascade may involve NO production.
Ethanol consumption affects lipoprotein lipase gene expression in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Mudráková E , Kovář J
Published: September 2021

The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is increased after alcohol consumption and can contribute to an increased level of HDL-cholesterol, which is considered to play a key role in the ethanol-mediated protective effect against cardiovascular disease. The increase in HDL-cholesterol concentration can be also due to an ethanol-enhanced synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) from hepatocytes. Therefore, the hypothesis that ethanol consumption affects the LPL and apo A-I gene (LPL and APOA1, respectively) expression was tested in male C57BL/6 mice drinking 5 % ethanol or water and fed a standard chow or high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks. The LPL expression was determined in the heart, epididymal and dorsolumbal adipose tissues, the APOA1 expression in the liver. Alcohol consumption did not affect lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in the serum. The LPL expression was increased in the heart of mice given ethanol and HF diet compared to mice on chow and ethanol (p<0.001) and was also increased in epididymal fat in mice given ethanol and HF diet compared to mice on water and HF diet (p<0.05). Neither LPL expression in dorsolumbal fat nor APOA1 expression in the liver were affected by ethanol consumption. Our data suggest that ethanol consumption upregulates LPL expression in a tissue- and diet-dependent manner.
Opium and Addiction in a Cross-Cultural Context: De Quincey's ‘Confessions’ (1821) and the Chinese Novel, Romantic Illusions of the Fool of Yangzhou (Fengyue meng) (c. 1848)
Authors: Kitson Peter J.
Published: September 2021

This essay examines De Quincey's representation of opium ‘addiction’ in the cross-cultural context of Britain and China in the light of recent revisionist medical discussions of addiction and dependence, and revisionist historical writing about opium use in nineteenth-century China. De Quincey's representation of the opium user is compared to that of China's first ‘city novel’, Courtesans and Opium: Romantic Illusions of the Fool of Yangzhou believed to have been written in 1848 (trans 2009). In this complex fiction, opium smoking is presented as a largely pleasurable and common pastime which has the potential for danger if abused by the unwary. It is not connected with dreams and nightmares, or figured as a stimulus of, or analogy for, the creative imagination. It offers a fascinating view of the leisure world of nineteenth-century China, where recreational opium smoking is common and not problematic when undertaken moderately.
KOMPRES HANGAT DAN AROMATERAPI LAVENDER DAPAT MENGURANGI NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III
Authors: Wulandari Dyah Ayu , Mendrofa Fery Agusman , Safitri Ifana
Published: September 2021

Ibu hamil trimester III seringkali mengalami ketidaknyamanan yang salah satu diantaranya adalah nyeri punggung. Nyeri punggung merupakan nyeri yang terjadi pada area lumbosacral. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil survey pendahuluan di Puskesmas Bangetayu Semarang melaporkan pada tahun 2019 kunjungan K1 dan K4 mencapai 2.534 ibu hamil, keluhan nyeri punggung sebesar 35% pada trimester III. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian terapi kompres hangat dan aromaterapi lavender terhadap penurunan nyeri punggung ibu hamil trimester III di Wilayah Puskesmas Bangetayu Semarang.

Jenis penelitian pra-eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 18 orang. Median nyeri punggung ibu hamil Trimester III sebelum diberikan kompres hangat adalah 6.00, sedangkan sesudah diberikan kompres hangat median 3.50. Median nyeri punggung ibu hamil Trimester III sebelum diberikan aromaterapi lavender adalah 3.50, sedangkan sesudah diberikan aromaterapi lavender, dengan median 3.50. Ada pengaruh pemberian kompres hangat dan aromaterap lavender terhadap nyeri punggung ibu hamil trimester III di Wilayah Puskesmas Bangetayu Semarang (p-value=0,000). Simpulannya adalah kompres hangat dan aroamterapi lavender efektif menurunkan nyeri punggung ibu hamil trimester III di Wilayah Puskesmas Bangetayu Semarang.

Kata kunci : Kompres hangat, aromaterapi lavender, nyeri punggung, kehamilan trimester III
Differentiated approach to treatment of cognitive disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), taking into account comorbidity factor
Authors: Putilina M. V. , Teplova N. V. , Gerasimova O. S.
Published: September 2021

The prevalence of cognitive impairment in COVID-19 ranges from 59 to 65 per cent. Such variability may be associated with age and comorbidity. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis are the most common comorbid conditions in patients with COVID-19. The cohort of patients with hypertension and diabetes is aged 50 and over, which suggests that age is the most important reason for the difference in the clinical picture of cognitive impairment. To date, there are no clinical guidelines for the management of patients with cognitive impairment and COVID-19, which leads to the use of various drugs, often symptomatic, increasing the risk of polypharmacy. A differentiated approach to therapy should be based on the rule of using drugs with pleiotropic effects and proven effcacy, such as Duzofarm and Nimopin.
Service Learning at an HSI: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: September 2021

An emerging body of literature seeks to design, implement, and analyze best practices in service learning at undergraduate universities. What scholars have not examined as well is service learning at Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSI's). Given that students at such universities are in unique learning environments, there is a question of how well standard practices in service learning apply to HSI's. In my paper, I will present my analysis of 2 semesters' worth of service-learning requirements in an Introduction to American Politics course at an HSI in Texas. Using the feedback provided by the students on the final course evaluations, I conclude that the current pedagogy applies reasonably well to HSI’s, but there are certain areas in which pedagogy should be adjusted to reflect the unique aspects of HSI’s, such as accounting for the socioeconomic needs of HSI students.
Slides to accompany "Teaching IR Theory for Future Foreign Policy Practitioners" presentation
Authors: Gvosdev Nikolas , Cooper David
Published: September 2021

Materials to present a “practical theory” toolkit for applied foreign policy analysis in the classroom setting
The Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: September 2021

Robin criterion states that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We prove in another paper that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ which are not divisible by any prime number between $2$ and $953$. Using this result, we show there is a contradiction just assuming the possible smallest counterexample $n > 5040$ of the Robin inequality. In this way, we prove that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ and thus, the Riemann Hypothesis is true.
Using the electromagnetic spectrum
Authors: Accettulli-Huber Manuel , Allwright David , Berman David S. , Campillo-Funollet Eduard , Date Paresh , Gonzo Riccardo
Published: September 2021

We consider the problem of estimating the power and position of an unknown transmitter using only observations on the received power for several sensors, without any directional information. We describe several existing propagation models, and we compute the Fisher in- formation for the free-space loss model. For more complex model, we present some results using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, and we describe the application of a particle filter to estimate posterior distributions for the transmitter and channel characteristics.
Critical Capability Needs for Reduction of Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Indoors
Authors: Morrow Jayne B. , Packman Aaron I. , Martinez Kenneth F. , Van Den Wymelenberg Kevin , Goeres Darla , Farmer Delphine K. , Mitchell Jade , Ng Lisa , Hazi Yair , Schoch-Spana Monica , Quinn Sandra , Bahnfleth William , Olsiewski Paula
Published: September 2021

Coordination of efforts to assess the challenges and pain points felt by industries from around the globe working to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the indoor environment as well as innovative solutions applied to meet these challenges is mandatory. Indoor infectious viral disease transmission (such as coronavirus, norovirus, influenza) is a complex problem that needs better integration of our current knowledge and intervention strategies. Critical to providing a reduction in transmission is to map the four core technical areas of environmental microbiology, transmission science, building science, and social science. To that end a three-stage science and innovation Summit was held to gather information on current standards, policies and procedures applied to reduce transmission in built spaces, as well as the technical challenges, science needs, and research priorities. The Summit elucidated steps than can be taken to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 indoors and calls for significant investments in research to enhance our knowledge of viral pathogen persistence and transport in the built environment, risk assessment and mitigation strategy such as processes and procedures to reduce the risk of exposure and infection through building systems operations, biosurveillance capacity, communication form leadership, and stakeholder engagement for optimal response. These findings reflect the effective application of existing knowledge and standards, emerging science, and lessons-learned from current efforts to confront SARS-CoV-2.
Graphene and its Derivatives for Bone Tissue Engineering: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Graphene-Based Scaffolds, Membranes and Coatings
Authors: Cheng Junyao , Liu Jianheng , Wu Bing , Liu Zhongyang , Li Ming , Wang Xing , Tang Peifu , Wang Zheng
Published: September 2021

Bone regeneration or replacement has been proved to be one of the most effective methods available for the treatment of bone defects caused by different musculoskeletal disorders. However, the great contradiction between the large demand for clinical therapies and the insufficiency and deficiency of natural bone grafts has led to an urgent need for the development of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Bone tissue engineering has shown great potential in the construction of desired bone grafts, despite the many challenges that remain to be faced before safe and reliable clinical applications can be achieved. Graphene, with outstanding physical, chemical and biological properties, is considered a highly promising material for ideal bone regeneration and has attracted broad attention. In this review, we provide an introduction to the properties of graphene and its derivatives. In addition, based on the analysis of bone regeneration processes, interesting findings of graphene-based materials in bone regenerative medicine are analyzed, with special emphasis on their applications as scaffolds, membranes, and coatings in bone tissue engineering. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of their application in bone regenerative medicine are discussed.
Advances of Hydrogel-Based Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Han Xue , Chang Shuai , Zhang Mingming , Bian Xiangbing , Li Chunlin , Li Dawei
Published: September 2021

Bioprinting has gained immense attention and achieved the revolutionized progress for application in the multifunctional tissue regeneration. On account of the precise structural fabrication and mimicking complexity, hydrogel-based bio-inks are widely adopted for cartilage tissue engineering. Although more and more researchers have reported a number of literatures in this field, many challenges that should be addressed for the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting constructs still exist. Herein, this review is mainly focused on the introduction of various natural polymers and synthetic polymers in hydrogel-based bioprinted scaffolds, which are systematically discussed via emphasizing on the fabrication condition, mechanical property, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological performance for cartilage tissue repair. Further, this review describes the opportunities and challenges of this 3D bioprinting technique to construct complex bio-inks with adjustable mechanical and biological integrity, and meanwhile, the current possible solutions are also conducted for providing some suggestive ideas on developing more advanced bioprinting products from the bench to the clinic.
Microbial Biosynthesis of L-Malic Acid and Related Metabolic Engineering Strategies: Advances and Prospects
Authors: Wei Zhen , Xu Yongxue , Xu Qing , Cao Wei , Huang He , Liu Hao
Published: September 2021

Malic acid, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid, is widely used in the food, chemical and medical industries. As an intermediate of the TCA cycle, malic acid is one of the most promising building block chemicals that can be produced from renewable sources. To date, chemical synthesis or enzymatic conversion of petrochemical feedstocks are still the dominant mode for malic acid production. However, with increasing concerns surrounding environmental issues in recent years, microbial fermentation for the production of L-malic acid was extensively explored as an eco-friendly production process. The rapid development of genetic engineering has resulted in some promising strains suitable for large-scale bio-based production of malic acid. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments, including a spectrum of wild-type, mutant, laboratory-evolved and metabolically engineered microorganisms for malic acid production. The technological progress in the fermentative production of malic acid is presented. Metabolic engineering strategies for malic acid production in various microorganisms are particularly reviewed. Biosynthetic pathways, transport of malic acid, elimination of byproducts and enhancement of metabolic fluxes are discussed and compared as strategies for improving malic acid production, thus providing insights into the current state of malic acid production, as well as further research directions for more efficient and economical microbial malic acid production.
How COVID-19 Will Change Health, Hospitality and Senior Facility Design
Authors: Shepley McCuskey Mardelle , Kolakowski Heather , Ziebarth Nicolas , Valenzuela-Mendoza Ellie
Published: September 2021

Background: Based on recent experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic, designers and design researchers are crafting guidelines for the development of future environments. In this context, this paper focuses on future best practices regarding environments for health, hospitality and senior care.

Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted, the results of which were distributed to a group of experts (N=12) specializing in health, hospitality and design. After receiving their input, expert focus groups were conducted to further explore the proposed concepts. The document was revised based on the contributions of these field experts, resubmitted for additional input, and ultimately summarized in this paper.

Results: Based on the literature review and expert input, dozens of recommendations were made regarding post-COVID health, hospitality and seniors environments. Healthcare facilities will require additional space, access to the outdoors, service hubs, and additional infrastructure to all conversion of garages for emergency use. Hospitality settings will employ new cleaning methods, use of robotics, improved HVAC, Wellness programming, workspace options, and flexible food service operations. Senior facilities will engage more technology, socially distance visiting facilities, increase access to nature, and smaller scale residential clusters.

Discussion: By considering health and hospitality simultaneously, we come to understand the symbiotic benefits of applying goals from one sector to the other. Senior living environments are an excellent example of this approach in action. By implementing some of the proposed design recommendations generated by this research, we will be better prepared to face future challenges.
Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of MORF4-Related Gene-Binding Protein in Human Cancers
Authors: Chai Dongqi , Zhang Lilong , Guan Yongjun , Yuan Jingping , Li Man , Wang Weixing
Published: September 2021

MORF4-related gene-binding protein (MRGBP) is the subunit of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. Much of the research indicated an oncogenic role of MRGBP in the development of cancers. However, it is still unknown the role MRGBP plays in human cancers, which deserves further exploration. In this research, the expression profile, prognostic value of MRGBP, and the relationship between MRGBP and immune infiltration were explored in 33 types of cancer. The differences in MRGBP expression in tumor and normal tissues were explored using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and ONCOMINE. Analysis of the association between MRGBP and prognosis using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and COX analysis. The data of Tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) from TCGA. The relationship Between MRGBP expression and immunity was analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm and CIBERSORT. Furthermore, we explored MRGBP expression and the relationship between MRGBP expression and macrophage infiltration using immunohistochemical analysis in lower grade glioma (LGG). Our results revealed that MRGBP was highly expressed in most cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Tumors with increased MRGBP expression had a high clinicopathologic stage and poor prognosis. The expression of MRGBP was closely related to the TMB, MSI. We also found a significant negative correlation between MRGBP expression and stromal scores and immune scores in various types of cancer. Furthermore, MRGBP expression was associated with a variety of immune cells including B cells, NK cells, T cells, and macrophages. LGG and LIHC was selected as representative cancer types for further study, the results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the protein levels of MRGBP were significantly elevated in tumor tissues. Moreover, our LIHC data analysis showed that patients with high MRGBP expression were associated with short survival rates and MRGBP was a risk factor to determine OS. Immunohistochemistry also confirmed that M0 macrophage infiltration in the MRGBP-high group significantly increased. In conclusion, these results reveal that MRGBP can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and it plays an important role in tumor immune infiltration in various tumors, especially in LGG and LIHC.
Distinct Identity of GLP-1R, GLP-2R, and GIPR Expressing Cells and Signaling Circuits Within the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Morrow Nadya M. , Hanson Antonio A. , Mulvihill Erin E.
Published: September 2021

Enteroendocrine cells directly integrate signals of nutrient content within the gut lumen with distant hormonal responses and nutrient disposal via the production and secretion of peptides, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). Given their direct and indirect control of post-prandial nutrient uptake and demonstrated translational relevance for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, malabsorption and cardiometabolic disease, there is significant interest in the locally engaged circuits mediating these metabolic effects. Although several specific populations of cells in the intestine have been identified to express endocrine receptors, including intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and αβ and γδ T-cells (Glp1r+) and smooth muscle cells (Glp2r+), the definitive cellular localization and co-expression, particularly in regards to the Gipr remain elusive. Here we review the current state of the literature and evaluate the identity of Glp1r, Glp2r, and Gipr expressing cells within preclinical and clinical models. Further elaboration of our understanding of the initiating G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) circuits engaged locally within the intestine and how they become altered with high-fat diet feeding can offer insight into the dysregulation observed in obesity and diabetes.