bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF DIGITAL MARKETING AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST IN THE MARKETPLACE SHOPEE DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Safitri Shelli , Yacob Syahmardi , Yuniarti Yenni
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has stopped human mobility, and this has affected the economic sector in almost all countries. One strategy that can be done to survive during the pandemic is to trade online by promoting digitally in the marketplace using digital marketing. This study aims to analyze the effect of Digital Marketing and Product Quality on consumers' buying interest in the SHOPEE Marketplace during the pandemic simultaneously and partially. And, it aims to find out which factors are more dominant in influencing consumer buying interest in the SHOPEE marketplace during the pandemic. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a sample of 100 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results showed that Digital Marketing and Product Quality had a positive and significant effect on consumers' buying interest in the SHOPEE Marketplace during the pandemic simultaneously and partially. Product quality variables are more dominant in influencing consumer buying interest in the SHOPEE Marketplace during the pandemic
EFFECT OF E-PROMOTION -SOCIAL MEDIA AND E-WOM TOWARD INTENTION OF USING E-MONEY JAMBI CITY
Authors: Suryani Ade Erma , Musnaini Musnaini , Lubis Tona Auora
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to explain the direct and indirect relationship of the influence of e-Promotion Social Media and e-WoM mediated by e-Service Quality on interest in using e-Money in Jambi City. The research methodology uses a confirmatory approach and inferential quantitative analysis techniques. The sample used is 100 as respondents who fill out the questionnaire. The results of the study prove that directly e-Promotion using social media and e-WoM has a significant positive effect on interest in using e-Money. But indirectly e-Service Quality mediated only e-Promotion using social media, the hypothesis is proven and accepted. The conclusion of this study is that e service quality has a partial meditation role.
EFFECT OF PERCEIVED VALUE AND CONSUMER INNOVATIVENESS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS MEDIATED BY BRAND IMAGE AT ERHA BEAUTY CLINIC JAMBI
Authors: Zulwarni Putri , Octavia Ade , Dahmiri Dahmiri
Published: December 2022

This resea aims to analyze the effect of perceived value, consumer innovativeness on purchase decisions with Brand Image as a mediating variable. This research is a type of field research with a quantitative approach in the form of associative. The samples are 135 respondents, namely customers who visit Erha Beauty Clinic Jambi. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The analysis uses PLS model by assessing the outer model and inner model. The results conclude that perceived value and consumer innovativeness affect purchase decisions, brand image mediates the relationship between perceived value and purchase decisions, and brand image also mediates the relationship between consumer innovativeness and purchasedecisions.
Concerning the Unrealized Edition of Ivanhoe by Walter Scott in the Publishing House Academia
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Filicheva Vera V.
Published: December 2022

In 1933 the historian A.I. Yakovlev made a new translation of Walter Scott’s novel Ivanhoe, providing it with an extensive introductory article and notes, for the Academia publishing house. However, the translator’s disagreement with the internal reviewers (G.G. Shpet, D.P. Svyatopolk-Mirsky and D.A. Gorbov) prevented the novel from being published. Materials preserved in RGALI allow us to reconstruct the history of this project. Shpet’s review provides a new perspective on Walter Scott’s Russian reputation as it had been outlined in the works of Yu.D. Levin and A.A. Dolinin. Refusing the novel the status of literary classics that necessitates a most accurate rendering of “every word and turn of speech” in translation, Shpet considered exactness, that was the trademark approach of the publishing house, unnecessary in this case. Svyatopolk-Mirsky pointed to some factual errors in the introductory article and notes to the novel, though Yakovlev did not agree and refused to make changes. The materials that are presented here illustrate the specifics of Academia publishing process and, to some extent, the shift in its priorities that resulted in the revision of the perspective plan.
Resumos de Teses
Authors: Gomes Raquel Salcedo
Published: December 2022

Resumos das Teses defendidas e homologadas no PPGIE entre janeiro e abril de 2022.
Major elements of morphological dynamics in the Brahmaputra River
Authors: Sah Rajesh Kumar , Kumar D. Nagesh , Das Apurba , Lahiri Siddhart
Published: December 2022

This paper documents the bankline dynamics of the Brahmaputra River
along the India and Bangladesh region during the period 1976 to 2018.
Multiple approaches, including satellite image-based interpretations,
fieldwork, and meta-analysis, are performed to explore the factors
responsible for the morphological dynamics of the river. Results suggest
that the Brahmaputra River has lost ~2686 sq. km of land
in the last four decades. Brahmaputra river has also widened
~1.7 km (mean value over the studied reach) during the
period. We identified five active erosional sections along the river.
The high erosions along these sections are promoted by the past avulsion
and the lowlands areas in the floodplain of Brahmaputra. Interestingly,
progressive erosions along the active sections of the Brahmaputra River
have been sustained for decades to centuries. Sustained and dominant
peripheral second order channels (dominant channels) have largely
decided such progressive erosions. Interpretation based on historical
maps suggests that the observed morphological changes of the Brahmaputra
River are the continuation of the river’s recent planform evolution that
can be traced back to 2-3 centuries. These rapid morphological changes
in Brahmaputra River are conceivably due to high sediment flux, where
seismic activities look to be a pragmatic factor.
Effects of anlotinib combined with second-line chemotherapy on the levels of immune cells and inflammatory factors and the curative effects in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lou Zhi , Wang Xin , Hu Chenxi , Liu WeiXuan , Ji YaJun
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate the effects of anlotinib combined with
second-line chemotherapy on the levels of immune cells and inflammatory
factors and the curative effects in patients with advanced non-small
cell lung cancer. Methods: A total of 106 patients with advanced
non-small cell lung cancer were selected from November 2020 to March
2022 for clinical and hospital treatment as the research subjects. The
patients were divided into a control group (n = 53) and an observation
group (n = 53). The control group was treated with second-line
single-agent chemotherapy regimens, and the observation group was
treated with second-line combination chemotherapy including anlotinib.
The prognostic effect, adverse reactions, levels of immune cells and
inflammatory factors before and after treatment were observed and
compared between the two groups. Results: There were no statistically
significant differences in sex, age, lesion diameter, BMI or other
general data between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating
comparability. The clinical efficacy of the observation group was
significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference
was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment, the
levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly
higher than those in the control group, and the differences were
statistically significant (P < 0.05). . After treatment, the
levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α in the observation group were
lower than those in the control group, and the difference was
statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no
significant differences in the incidence of nausea and vomiting, liver
function damage, alopecia or leukopenia between the 2 groups (P
> 0.05). Conclusion: Anlotinib combined with second-line
chemotherapy has positive effects on the levels of immune cells and
inflammatory factors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung
cancer, which can reduce immunosuppression and benefit prognosis
The Cross Equatorial Transport of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption Plume
Authors: Schoeberl Mark , Wang Yi , Ueyama Rei , Taha Ghassan , Yu Wandi
Published: December 2022

On Jan. 15, 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HT) eruption injected
SO2 and water into the middle stratosphere. Shortly after the eruption,
the water vapor anomaly moved northward toward and across the equator.
This northward movement appears to be due to a Rossby wave forced by the
excessive IR water vapor cooling. Following the early eruption stage,
persistent mid-stratospheric water vapor and aerosol layers were mostly
confined to Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropics (Eq. to 30°S). However,
during the spring of 2022, the westerly phase of the tropical
quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) descended through the tropics. The HT
water vapor and aerosol anomalies were observed to again split across
the equator coincident with the descent of the QBO shear zone. This
split occurred because of the enhanced meridional transport circulation
associated with the QBO. Neither transport event can be reproduced using
MERRA2 assimilated winds.
An extension of Apostol type of Hermite-Genocchi polynomials and their probabilistic representation
Authors: El-Desouky Beih , Gomaa Rabab , Magar Alia
Published: December 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate the various properties of a new generalization of Apostol Hermite-Genocchi polynomials. We derive many useful results involving new generalized Apostol Hermite-Genocchi polynomials. We also consider some statistical applications of the new family in probability distribution theory and reliability.
Existence of solutions for a class of generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equations with p-Laplacian
Authors: An Yu-Cheng , Liu Fang
Published: December 2022

In this paper we establish the existence of solutions for a class of
generalized quasilinear Schr?dinger equations with p-Laplacian. Our results
cover some typical physics models. The main technique we use is the methods
of change of variables and G-link theorem in critical point theory.
Infinitely many solutions for a class of systems including the (p1,..., pn)-biharmonic operators
Authors: Mahshid Mirkeysaan , Razani Abdolrahman
Published: December 2022

In this work, we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions for a
general form of an elliptic system involving the (p1,..., pn)-biharmonic
operators via variational methods.
Developing a Bundled Visual Arts Assessment Model
Authors: Brewer Thomas M.
Published: December 2022

As art educators, we should be past the point of being afraid of or threatened by assessment. As a discipline we need it, but two persistent questions remain: What should assessment look like, and how do we go about creditably assessing it? This paper addresses these questions with a focused inquiry of visual art assessment literature. The results strengthen the conceptual foundation for the "bundled" assessment model, confirm that authentic and performance-based visual arts assessment is greatly needed, and make clear that new tests should measure cognitive contributions found specifically in visual arts learning. The results also lead to the development and construction of sample items that can be "bundled" together by their type and kind, featuring a degree of item selection flexibility, using varied separate and aggregated scoring options, and employing a number of contemporary and folk art exemplars. This paper and the sample test items will significantly contribute to the body of knowledge about visual art assessment and give us a glimpse into what students learn specifically when they make, respond to, and think about visual art.
Children’s Collections and the Art Museum
Authors: Stone Denise L.
Published: December 2022

Young collectors imitate the activities of sophisticated art collectors by acquiring, exchanging, safekeeping, and showing their items. The present study employed both quantitative and qualitative inquiry processes to both acquire information about school age-students’ collections and to find out more about how well students could relate their collections and collecting activities to those of art museums. This research was descriptive and employed a mixed-method design incorporating the results of two instruments, a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. A total of 63 public school 4th, 5th, and 6th graders participated in the study; of these 35 were boys and 30 girls. Findings suggested that a museum visit was beneficial to students when comparing and contrasting their collections that of museums. These results have implications for teaching about museums. Students’ personal collections may be a concrete way for initiating discussions about the nature and functions of museums, the value placed on special objects by individuals and institutions, and what makes some objects special.
Visual Culture and Art Museums: A Continuum from the Ordinary
Authors: Vallance Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

It can be useful to understand the role of visual imagery in our lives in terms of its placement along a continuum, from the ordinary images in everyday life to fine-art images on view in the controlled setting of the art museum. This continuum is developed here from an existing model of the life cycle of museum objects to describe the changing roles of objects as they change settings and as viewers change their relationships to them. This line of thinking about the nature of everyday and museum objects is an outcome of visual culture studies, and also suggests some ways to use everyday imagery in teaching about museum objects as well as using museum objects to enrich our experience with the ordinary. The argument is illustrated by reference to art-education students’ comparisons of objects found at different points along the continuum.
“The Challenge of Creating a New Kind of Museum”: Installed Interpretives for Adults in the Denver Art Museum’s New Hamilton Building
Authors: Levinson Lisa , Caruso Laura , McDermott-Lewis Melora , Williams Patterson , Steffen Lisa , Nielsen Heather , Hanson Sonnet
Published: December 2022

This article looks at the process of creating installed interpretives for adults in the Denver Art Museum’s new Frederic C. Hamilton Building, which opened in October 2006. Using "serving the visitor with choice" as their guiding principle, Denver Art Museum educators developed interpretives that explored four different areas: connecting visitors with artists, engaging visitor creativity, incorporating multiple voices, and engaging visitor responses. Educators conducted small-sample tests to help them uncover problems with their prototypes and act quickly to resolve them. Evaluations of a poetry-writing activity gave educators insight into a multifaceted problem: Despite the fact that adults report enjoying interactives when asked to try them as part of visitor testing, they are reticent to attempt these activities on their own. Meanwhile, testing an activity designed to inform and elicit visitors’ responses to a controversial painting unearthed a critical flaw in the design. Finally, three novel installations experimented with different ways of using video to humanize the art.
The Social Life of Technology for Museum Visitors
Authors: Sayre Scott , Wetterlund Kris
Published: December 2022

In the past decade writers and researchers have given a fair amount of consideration to the individual adult visitor’s interaction with technology in museums. However, very little has been written about the potential of museum technology and groups of learners—surprising since we know that most visitors come to museums in social groups. This article examines the kinds of interaction and mediated experiences that groups of learners might have with museum technology, and imagines some models for groups of learners and technology for museums in the future.
Mentoring Relations Within A/r/tographic Inquiry
Authors: Kalin Nadine M. , Barney Daniel T. , Irwin Rita L.
Published: December 2022

This essay offers a conversation on mentoring within dissertation research from the perspectives of a graduate student, new assistant professor, and senior administrator. Specifically, we revisit the mentoring spaces and relations within which we were immersed while partaking in a form of arts-based educational research known as a/r/tography. We articulate an orientation toward mentoring that extends into interactive and relational forms that are in line with current discourses on mentoring within doctoral research. As we analyze our work together, we simultaneously deconstruct the ways in which we have supported and unsettled one another. While we share narratives from our experiences, we also reveal those relations that underpin a provisional pedagogy of mentoring within a/r/tography.
Mentoring Graduate Research: A Conversation With B. Stephen Carpenter II, Graeme Sullivan, and Enid Zimmerman
Authors: Carpenter B. Stephen , Sullivan Graeme , Zimmerman Enid , Carpenter B. Steven
Published: December 2022

A mentor is an important component of the graduate school experience. However, not all mentors are the same or embrace similar philosophies on how to perform this role. For graduate students in art education who seek future roles in academia, a strong mentor can be an important guide and role model. In this essay, three university mentors discuss how they combine their research, instructional, and service requirements into a single endeavor and help shape the present and future of the field.
Demographic Change in Appalachia: A Tentative Analysis
Authors: Ludke Robert L. , Obermiller Phillip J. , Rademacher Eric W.
Published: December 2022

Due to the limited data collected in the 2010 Census, this article analyzes the demographic trends in Appalachia since the 2000 Census based on a set of select variables drawn from the American Community Survey (ACS). To provide context, a brief review of total population trends in Appalachia between 1910 and 1970 is presented, followed by an overview of key demographic changes in the region from 1970 through 2010 for a variety of population characteristics. Next, the limitations created by the substitution of the ACS for the census long form in 2010 are discussed, illustrating the need for tentativeness in the conclusions drawn from the data. A discussion of methodology follows, describing the geography of the research and reviewing the risks and benefits of comparing census to ACS data. Changes in the region between 2000 and 2010 for selected demographic variables are then presented, providing a sense of significant changes both over time and in geographical areas. The findings should not lead to definitive conclusions about demographic changes in Appalachia between 2000 and 2010, but should raise awareness of and sensitivity to particular demographic phenomena and potential changes that may be occurring in the region for future monitoring and analysis.
Hank Williams Lives in Uptown: Appalachians and the Struggle Against Displacement in Chicago
Authors: Guy Roger
Published: December 2022

Uptown, on Chicago’s north side, was home to thousands of Appalachian migrants in the 1960s. Known fondly as Hillbilly Heaven for the numerous honky-tonk bars, and concentration of southern whites, Uptown was eyed for urban renewal by an elite group of business owners and civic leaders who referred to it as the Hillbilly Ghetto. This group strongly supported a plan for a college that would raze many of the buildings occupied by Appalachian migrants. Kentuckian, Charles "Chuck" Geary mounted strident opposition to the plan for the college by organizing neighborhood residents under the name Voice of the People. He was aided by architect and planner Rodney and Sydney Wright, who were part of a new movement of advocacy planners whose goal was to involve the poor in urban planning. This confluence of people and events resulted in an alternative plan for the college called Hank Williams Village—a multi-purpose housing and commercial development patterned after a southern town. Chuck Geary proposed the name because it captured the notion of Hillbilly Heaven and dominance of white Appalachians in Uptown. The Village plan failed to win the support of the local renewal board and was never built. However, it remains as a significant example of Appalachian migrants resisting displacement from urban renewal.
An Urban Appalachian Neighborhood’s Response to Diabetes
Authors: Ludke Robert L. , Valenzuela Jessica M. , Arduser Lora , Bruck Demaree K. , Shelton Phyllis S. , McCowan Shawna M. , Jones Donna
Published: December 2022

The Appalachian community in the Lower Price Hill (LPH) neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, used community-based participatory principles and methods to develop, implement, and evaluate an on-going initiative to address the high prevalence of diabetes among its residents. Led by the Urban Appalachian Council in partnership with a number of academic and community organizations, the initiative conducted town-hall meetings of LPH residents to identify diabetes-related areas that needed to be addressed and to select an initial pilot intervention. The result was a Community Health Advocate (CHA) program which trained neighborhood residents to canvass households to conduct diabetes risk assessments and provide education on diabetes prevention, schedule follow-up diabetes screenings at a wellness site established by the community, and conduct follow-up telephone calls to ensure wellness site participation. The extensive case-finding effort by the CHAs led to the identification of a substantial number of previously undiagnosed residents as high risk for diabetes. This effort also resulted in the confirmation of the community’s perceptions of other diabetes-related need areas which are being addressed through subsequent interventions. The success and acceptance of the program demonstrates that an Appalachian community can use existing resources to enhance its own capacity to address its health issues.
The role of metacognitive knowledge in recollection rejection
Authors: LAMPINEN JAMES MICHAEL , ARNAL JACK D.
Published: December 2022

Recollection rejection is a memory editing mechanism in which related lures are rejected because of the recollection of the lure’s instantiating target (e.g., "I know it wasn’t pretty because it was beautiful"). According to one view, recollection rejection requires an assumption on the part of the participant that both a word and its related lure could not have been studied. We examined this view by manipulating the instructions that were given to participants (Experiment 1) and the nature of the study list (Experiment 2). Estimates of recollection rejection derived from the phantom receive operating characteristic model found evidence for the role of metacognitive assumptions, but only when metacognitive knowledge was manipulated by varying the nature of the study list.
Teacher and Student Perceptions of Music Teaching and Learning at the Goderich Celtic College, Goderich, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Waldron Janice
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to explore how Celtic traditional music was taught and learned by North American adults at the Goderich Celtic College (GCC), an annual weeklong event held in the town of Goderich, Ontario, Canada. The GCC provides instruction to adult learners in Celtic instrumental traditions from Ireland, Scotland, Wales, England, and the Canadian provinces of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Manitoba, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and Ontario. Other activities occurring outside of the regular school day, including concerts and informal music sessions, are a significant part of the College week. Participants were asked to describe their comfort levels with both visual and aural/oral music learning, and this was because Celtic music is traditionally learned through aural/oral transmission and not through written notation. Many of the teacher participants at the GCC were traditional folk musicians who have learned in an aural/oral, non-literate tradition in informal social settings, and when "teaching," they employ various aural/oral approaches because those are the strategies with which they are the most familiar. Student study participants were North American adults, formally schooled, musically literate, and generally uncomfortable with aural/oral music learning when introduced to Celtic music as adults. Thus, when first learning Celtic music, they were both unfamiliar with and had difficulty learning the music in the manner in which it was traditionally transmitted, that is, through aural/oral learning in context. Therefore, in order to learn Celtic music in what was perceived to be the most natural and authentic way (aural/oral), participants developed self-teaching strategies designed to accommodate and/or supplement their aural/oral learning. Information gleaned from this study has implications for formal music education practice.
Differential Effects of Instructor Feedback vs. Self-Observation Analysis on Music Education Majors’ Increase of Specific Reinforcement in Choral Rehearsals
Authors: Napoles Jessica , Bowers Judy
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different types of feedback (instructor feedback and self-analysis of videotapes) on music education majors’ increase of specific reinforcement. Music education students (N = 26) from two large state universities enrolled in a choral techniques class served as participants for this study. All participants were pre-tested then randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Participants in the instructor feedback group received detailed scripts (filled out by the instructor) of all sequential patterns exhibited during their microteaching session, including the number of specific reinforcements, while participants in the self-analysis group were asked to watch their own videotapes and complete the same form with the detailed script. Results indicate that participants significantly increased their use of specific reinforcement throughout the treatment period. The greatest number of specific reinforcements evidenced was in session 3 (M = 1.92) and the lowest number was in session 2 (M = .57). In addition, there were no significant differences between the two groups (p > .05). Instructor feedback was not any more effective than self-analysis in increasing music education majors’ use of specific reinforcement. This is consistent with previous research suggesting that self-analysis may be a viable alternative to instructor feedback in teacher training settings (Yarbrough, Wapnick, & Kelly, 1979).
False Memories of Having Said the Unsaid: On the Importance of a Prior Intention to Speak
Authors: Parks Theodore E. , Strohman Lisa K.
Published: December 2022

Previous research found that adults who participated in a mock debate often later reported having made a point that they had not. In an extension of that study, the present research not only replicated that finding but also investigated the possibility that such errors were the result of the subjects having been induced into intending to make the unmade point. Specifically, the present results show that the occurrence of the inducing stimulus probably did produce such intentions and that the stimulus was also important to the production of subsequent memory errors. Finally, it is argued that the latter errors are most parsimoniously understood as being caused by distorted memories of the intentions demonstrated by the former result.
Inattentional Blindness for a Noxious Multimodal Stimulus
Authors: Wayand Joseph F. , Levin Daniel T. , Varakin D. Alexander
Published: December 2022

Previous research has shown that people can miss salient stimuli outside the focus of their attention. This phenomenon, called inattentional blindness, typically is observed when people are given a task requiring them to focus their attention on one aspect of a complex visual scene. While participants are doing this task, an unexpected stimulus appears, and participants’ awareness of it is tested shortly thereafter. In the present experiments, noxious bimodal stimuli were used as a test case to measure the strength of inattentional blindness. We tested whether participants would notice a person enter a scene and scratch her fingernails down a chalkboard (thus making a sound called a "gride"). A large proportion of participants failed to detect this event even when the noxious audio associated with it was strengthened and isolated in time from surrounding noises.
Practice Effects, Workload, and Reaction Time in Deception
Authors: Vendemia Jennifer M. C. , Buzan Robert F. , Green Eric P.
Published: December 2022

Cognitive theorists argue that deception may involve attentional capture, working memory load, or perceived incongruity with memory, whereas psychophysiologists argue for stimulus salience, arousal, and emotion. This article presents a comprehensive model of deception and assesses the effect of practice on deceptive responding. A three-session longitudinal study examined the effect of practice on reaction time (RT) in relation to deception and response congruity. Participants evaluated self-referent sentences and responded truthfully or deceptively. Findings indicate that deceptive responding generates longer RTs than does truthful responding and that this relationship remains constant with practice. We use these findings to support a cognitive model of deception.
Event-Related Potentials Indicate That Reality Monitoring Differs from External Source Monitoring
Authors: Leynes P. Andrew , Cairns Alyssa , Crawford Jarret T.
Published: December 2022

This experiment investigated differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) observed in 2 types of source monitoring decisions. Participants discriminated between self-generated, heard, and new words (reality monitoring) in one condition; in another they discriminated between words heard in a male or female voice and new items (external source monitoring). The data support the source monitoring framework, which argues that reality monitoring discriminations differ from external source monitoring discriminations. Analysis revealed better overall source accuracy during reality monitoring than during external source monitoring. In the external source monitoring task, an early old-new ERP difference was observed at parietal electrodes followed by frontal old-new effect that persisted longer, replicating previous ERP results. However, early ERP amplitude differences between sources were observed at parietal electrode sites during reality monitoring, suggesting that self-generated items activate more differentiated information during remembering. Furthermore, there were no frontal old-new ERP differences during reality monitoring, suggesting that different decision processes are used in these types of source monitoring decisions.
Musicians’ Descriptions of Their Expressive Musical Practice
Authors: Rosenthal Roseanne , Durairaj Manju , Magann Joyce
Published: December 2022

This study analyzes the language used by 18 musicians (Professionals, Music Education and High School students) to explain what they were thinking and doing while practicing the expressive aspects of a musical composition. Transcripts (word count = 25,881) of verbal descriptions were organized into Segments (units roughly equivalent to a sentence) (n = 1,100) and classified with respect to their Content and Function. In addition, each instance of a metaphoric or conventional musical word or word-phrase (n = 3,406) was extracted and coded. Findings demonstrate that advanced musicians’ language focused primarily on the structural and expressive aspects of music, tended to be more goal-oriented and less evaluative, and contained more metaphoric vocabulary than the language of younger, less experienced subjects. All subjects used metaphors of motion. Despite commonalities, musicians varied widely in their focus of attention and approach to practice.
Exhausted from Educational Reform
Authors: Brand Manny
Published: December 2022

In this modern world of information technology, globalization, and economic competition, music teachers’ work and lives are affected by the maddening whirl of change characterized by development of everything touted as new—new curriculum, new instruction, new technology, new assurance and monitoring of education quality, and new shifts toward school-based management. Music teachers are part of this enormous web of competing and often conflicting goals labeled as educational reform. The impact of government-imposed educational reform can lead to music teachers belief that their views are generally forgotten and their professional wisdom is not respected. Above all, significant educational reform hinges on the creation and attainment of a shared vision and a trust, collaboration, and consultation between policy makers and teachers. Music teachers do have the energy, enthusiasm, and desire for change, but such change only comes when music teachers are included in policy discussions and involved in the planning for educational reform. This essay argues that far too often, music teachers are made to feel left out of the very change they are expected to guide and implement.
The Meaning of Music Education to Middle School General Music Students
Authors: Davis Virginia W.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaningfulness of music education to middle school students in general music classrooms. A survey instrument was created by gathering middle school students responses to an open-ended question regarding the general music (non-performance) class in which they were enrolled. After pilot testing, the Music Meaning Survey (MMS) was administered to general music students in grades 6 through 8 (N = 762) from nine middle schools across 8 states. The results of the MMS were factor analyzed using principal components analysis and a varimax rotation. According to the MMS, subjects did ascribe meaning to music education. The meaning students derived from music education could be assimilated into four categories: Vocational (career-oriented outcomes). Academic (music theory and history), Belongingness (social interactions between students), and Agency (self-esteem, motivation, and emotional development). The primary conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that for middle school general music students, music class can be a meaningful and multifaceted experience.
Incentives and Barriers for Completing Music Teacher Education Doctoral Programs
Authors: Teachout David J.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine positive influences and barriers associated with entering and completing a music teacher education doctoral program. Subjects (N = 73), recent doctoral graduates in music education (RDG), were asked to rate 48 positive influence items and 54 barrier items. The highest ranked positive influence item was opportunity to teach at the college level in a tenure-track position. The highest ranked barrier item was needing time to research and write the dissertation. Using the top 24 positive influence items and the top 24 barrier items, two factor analysis procedures were calculated to determine whether positive influence and barrier items could be reduced to a smaller number of discrete factors. Three positive influence factors (Reputation of and Connection with Faculty/University, Desire to Affect Future Music Teachers and the Profession, and Career Advancement) and four barrier factors (Family/Time Considerations, Financial Challenges, Problems with Professors or Program, and Distance) were identified. Results were also compared with those from prior research in which practicing music educators (PME), identified as being outstanding candidates for doctoral studies, were asked to rate the same sets of positive influence items and barrier items. Finally, conclusions were drawn based on comparisons between the RDG and PME results.
A Comparison of Instructional Strategies Used by Experienced Band and Orchestra Teachers When Teaching a First-Year Class an Unfamiliar Music Excerpt
Authors: MacLeod Rebecca
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to compare the instructional strategies used by experienced band and orchestra teachers when teaching a first-year class an unfamiliar music excerpt. Twelve teacher behaviors were identified and operationally defined: echoing technique, question and answer, verbal instruction, co-verbal instruction, modeling with instrument, modeling with instrument during student performance, modeling without instrument, modeling without instrument during student performance, conducting, student performance, pedagogical touch, and classroom management. Significant differences were found for nine out of the twelve behaviors. In general, band teachers used verbal instruction, conducting, question and answer techniques, and student performance with greater frequency than orchestra teachers, while orchestra teachers used echoing technique, co-verbal instruction, modeling, modeling with instrument during student performance, and pedagogical touch with greater frequency. No significant difference was observed between the two groups for classroom management, modeling without an instrument, and modeling without an instrument during student performance.
Teaching Music: The First Year
Authors: Barnes Gail V.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the novice music teacher case literature by studying the prevalent themes in the experiences of five first-year teachers. The teachers submitted periodic journal entries and were also interviewed at the beginning of their second semester of teaching. I analyzed transcripts using HyperResearch and submitted them to the participants for both descriptive and interpretive validity checks. Many themes emerged, but those with the highest frequency counts were: Students (behavior), Students (musical). Administrative, Students (personal), Self-evaluation (discipline), and Self evaluation (personal). The five teachers had varying experiences, and all continued in those situations for the following year. Teacher educators must prepare novice teachers for the varying realities of their early experiences, and school administrators must offer effective support during this critical time.
Musical Training Enhances Information Processing Speed
Authors: Bugos Jennifer , Mostafa Wendy
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of music instruction on information processing speed. We examined music’s role on information processing speed in musicians (N = 14) and non-musicians (N = 16) using standardized neuropsychological measures, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) and the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results of a One Way ANOVA indicate significantly (p < .05) enhanced performance by musicians compared to non-musicians on the PASAT and TMT (Part A and B). These results suggest that musical training has the capacity to enhance processing speed of auditory and visual content. Implications for music educators stemming from these findings include the need for inclusion of rhythmic sight-reading exercises and improvisational activities to reinforce processing speed.
Effects of Score Study on Novices’ Conducting and Rehearsing: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Silvey Brian A.
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the effects of score study on novice conductors’ nonverbal and verbal conducting behaviors. Presented with a brief musical excerpt of which they had no prior knowledge, eleven undergraduate conducting students conducted and rehearsed a live brass quartet. After an initial conducting session, six participants in the experimental group received two individual 30-minute score study tutorials, while the five participants in the control group received no assistance. All participants returned one week after the first conducting session to conduct and rehearse the quartet for a second time. Brass quartet members and three experienced conductors, all whom were blind to the experimental condition, evaluated participants’ conducting. Significant differences were found between the score study and control conditions. The brass quartet members’ ratings for eye contact and score familiarity were higher for the participants who studied the score. There were no significant differences between conditions in the ratings given by experienced conductors. In reviews of participants’ responses about their experience and comments provided by the evaluators, three characteristics emerged that distinguished those who engaged in score study from those who had not: (a) more meaningful, instrument-specific eye contact; (b) greater confidence, and (c) more effective gestures.
Serving as a Cultural Expert Witness for Appalachian Clients in Death Penalty Mitigation
Authors: Keefe Susan E.
Published: December 2022

The lives of Appalachian clients may be easily misunderstood in the context of capital cases. This article describes my work as an expert witness providing culturally-informed life histories of the clients and narratives making their life stories meaningful. The purpose is to convince the judge or jury that there are reasons for the crime that were beyond the defendant’s control and that the defendant has the potential for successful adaptation to prison life so that the sentencing outcome will be life in prison rather than death. Cultural competency is required to fairly represent Appalachian clients facing the death penalty. Defense counsels typically bring in cultural expert witnesses to assist in interpreting the life of clients from groups outside the American mainstream. I have served in this capacity in seven capital cases involving Appalachian clients. In this article I review what is involved in cultural expert witness work for Appalachian clients in the mitigation phase of capital cases. First, mitigation itself is explained in the context of the legal system.
Claiming Place: Robert Frost and Jesse Stuart
Authors: Kopacz Paula
Published: December 2022

Robert Frost and Jesse Stuart are both known as regional artists.In fact, Frost’s use of his New England region was pointed out to Stuart as a model by a literary mentor at Vanderbilt shortly after the publication of the Southern Agrarian manifesto I’ll Take My Stand. Indeed, there are many similarities between the two men: both were farmers and nature writers, teachers and educators, and above all, regional writers who captured the flora and fauna and character of their respective regions.Despite their different regions, both men take an honest and authentic look at the unsettling and sometimes cruel ironies of nature and the human condition: the appearance of rustic simplicity that the Yankee and the Appalachian artist tease us into taking at face value nevertheless provokes the Truth of deep probing into the meaning of life. As successful regional artists, Appalachian Stuart and New England Frost claim their place not only in geography, but more importantly, in American literary tradition as each one uses his intimate knowledge of place and character to spin a wonderfully entertaining read, whether it be in prose or verse. Most similar when they are linked by the jarring effect of final lines (Frost) and the ironic disjunction between content and title (Stuart), both writers ultimately, often surprisingly, strike the reader with the hard edge of universal truth about what it means to be human.
"The Wilderness was Growing Wilder": The Limits of Cartographic Knowledge in Philip Pendleton Kennedy’s The Blackwater Chronicle and David Hunter Strother’s The Virginia Canaan
Authors: Martin Michael S.
Published: December 2022

In both The Blackwater Chronicle (1853) and Virginia Canaan (1857), the first-person narrators repeatedly recount their perambulations in the West Virginia wilderness as a process of losing their bearings or finding the limits of certain forms of knowledge about a region or place. For Kennedy, the map coordinates of the Cheat River and Potomac River, respectively, serve as the defining markers for his sojourn into the wilderness. Yet both places do not correspond to the reality his expedition encounters. When, for example, streams are supposed to run a certain direction, they instead go the opposite way, and Kennedy recounts they "now put off farther than ever" (181). In Virginia Canaan, Strother writes of times when the mapped region of the Canaan is incommensurate with the flow of the Cheat River. One traveler has to come to the realization that his map is inadequate and he "must defer to the actuality of the stream" (35). Both of these narratives illustrate what Lawrence Buell, writing in The Future of Environmental Criticism, describes as "two different forms of knowing ... of thinking about cartography" (680). In encountering the "undiscovered" Canaan region—at least in Western thinking and cartography—Kennedy and Strother reveal the limits of such thinking in approximating the real space of the West Virginia wilderness, even with the assistance of local guides who provide an alternate form of knowledge of place to that of Western cartography.
Mental Illness, Institutionalization and Oral History in Appalachia: Voices of Psychiatric Attendants
Authors: Schrift Melissa , Cavender Anthony , Hoover Sarah
Published: December 2022

This paper is an attempt to redress the limited rendering of institutional workers through the narratives of individuals who worked as psychiatric attendants at Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute (SWVMHI). Despite a wealth of literature on the history of mental illness and the establishment of asylums, descriptions of the work and lives of psychiatric attendants are rare. In this paper, oral histories among former psychiatric attendants at SWVMHI reveal the dynamics of an overlooked occupational culture that speaks to the perception and management of mental illness in a rural Appalachian community. This offers the dual function of eliciting information about mental illness and stigma in Appalachia, as well as using an Appalachian case study to contribute to the larger dialogue on the history of mental illness, particularly with regard to the roles and experiences of institutional workers.
Building Alliances to Conserve and Protect the Kentucky River
Authors: Banks Pat , McSpirit Stephanie , Pulliam Jessica , Banks Alan
Published: December 2022

The EKU Center for Appalachian Studies has been involved in capacity-building initiatives within the Appalachian region over the past decade. One of the most notable has been our collaboration and alliance with the Kentucky Riverkeeper (KRK). In this essay, we first talk about the development of this alliance and what it may mean for the field of Appalachian studies or specifically, what Reid and Taylor (2002) and Reid (2005) have referred to as "critical regionalism" and "civic Professionalism." After this overview of current modes of thought and action within Appalachian studies, we discuss some of the research and teaching we have accomplished in partnership with the KRK. As we will share, Center faculty, students, and the Kentucky Riverkeeper worked together to develop and distribute a survey to assess the views of county officials regarding the Kentucky River. These survey results have been used by the Kentucky Riverkeeper and the EKU Center for Appalachian Studies to advocate on behalf of the river. In the third section of the essay, we discuss how the Center’s partnership and alliance with the KRK, and the broader Waterkeeper Alliance, have helped in other ways to advocate for, protect, and defend the Kentucky.