bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of computer model in tissue morphometry
Authors: Vasin Anton S. , Davidov Viktor V. , Svirina Janna A.
Published: January 2019

Background. In a microscopic study of animal and human tissues, researchers are faced with the problem of their objective assessment. Descriptive microscopy is subjective and does not allow to make exact conclusions. A partial counting of some selective elements of tissue is often not sufficiently informative. Use of high-grade morphometry is a very laborious procedure, which is difficult to conduct, repeat and recheck. Descriptive microscopy does not allow to make a model of research for a comprehensive assessment of the results, which complicates making conclusions.
Aim. To solve the problem of objective assessment of tissue condition in histomorphological studies and accelerate their implementation with the help of computer modeling.
Materials and Methods. The whole process from making micropreparations to the end of their full analysis was divided into 4 stages: photographing the entire area of micropreparations using a video eyepiece microscope, counting histomorphological elements in the photos, construction of a computer model, analysis of the obtained data.
Results. An interactive computer model of the experiment was constructed, in which all parameters were combined into a single set, and a change of any value influenced the entire model. It was possible to visualize the obtained results, calculate new parameters, find out the relationship between them and to use additional tools, as, for example, machine training for finding non-obvious relationships between components or for speeding up further calculations.
Conclusions. The advantages of computer modeling consist in that it significantly accelerates histomorphological examinations, improves the quality of their processing, makes the procedure more transparent and provides scientists with more opportunities for in-depth analysis. An important advantage is that this technique is suitable for any histomorphological studies.
Neurobiological mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation and its comparative efficacy in tension headache and migraine
Authors: Sorokina Natalia D. , Pertsov Sergey S. , Selitsky Gennady V.
Published: January 2019

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the nonpharmacological methods to affect the central nervous system. This approach allows a noninvasive stimulation of the cerebral cortex. The method is based on the ability of magnetic fields to penetrate the bone and muscle structures. The induced magnetic field depolarizes the neuronal membrane, and the generated action potential propagates through the conducting pathways. In the review, the biophysical effects of TMS, as well as its neural, immune, mediator and macro effects are analyzed. The main contraindications to TMS and its side effects are considered. Nonpharmacological treatment of tension headache (TH) and migraine is a promising direction, since the incidence of these types of primary headaches reaches 40-65 and 11-22%, respectively. In the article the current state of study of various modes and durations of TMS procedure, and the site of exposure in TH and migraine are considered. In recent years there is noted an increase in the number of evidence-based randomized, placebo-controlled studies on the effectiveness of TMS in migraine therapy. Much attention is given to evaluation of the effect of TMS in migraine. There is much evidence of the positive effect of this procedure. However, the amount of examined volunteers does not provide the highest level of evidence. Experiments on animals and use of functional neurovisualization techniques contribute to understanding of the mechanisms of TMS effect. Active participation of physiologists, neurophysiologists and biophysicists in these research works will permit evaluation of the effectiveness of TMS in nonpharmacological treatment of patients with pain syndrome. This approach will improve the working capacity and quality of life in TH and migraine.
Reforma educativa y necesidades de formación de los directores de educación primaria en el Estado de México / Educational reform and primary education principals’ training needs in Estado de México
Authors: Hernández Arriaga Mario
Published: January 2019

Diversas investigaciones realizadas en el contexto internacional han mostrado que las reformas educativas, cuyo propósito es formar a los directores, no consideran sus necesidades de formación; además, a causa de que son importados del ámbito empresarial, la efectividad de los contenidos en la práctica es débil y deficiente. Bajo este contexto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo recuperar y analizar las necesidades de formación de los directores de educación primaria ascendidos mediante la aprobación de un examen estandarizado en 2015.La metodología utilizada fue mixta con una muestra criterial; para ahondar en las voces de los directores se aplicó la técnica Team Kawakita Jiro (TKJ) a 18 directores en la región educativa de Naucalpan, Estado de México. Los principales resultados mostraron que los directores necesitan más conocimientos y habilidades respecto a la legislación educativa vigente (19 %) y menos en cuanto a las bases teóricas del plan y programas de estudios (2 %).A partir de esos resultados, se concluyó que es insuficiente que los directores hayan sido ascendidos mediante un proceso de evaluación y sean presentados con grandilocuencia ante la sociedad como “idóneos”, pues su formación se lleva a cabo sólo en la práctica, sin referentes teóricos propios para la función. También, ante la resistencia de muchos profesores hacia la reforma educativa, signada en 2012, los directores han puesto en el cenit de sus necesidades formativas aquellas que apacigüen los malestares docentes y generen una cultura laboral armónica, adecuada para la mejora de los aprendizajes de los alumnos.
Interactional Metadiscourse Markers in Introduction Section of Dissertation: Differences Across English Proficiency Level
Authors: Susanti Yunik , Kurnia Fabiola D , Suharsono Suharsono
Published: January 2019

Following the concept of Interpersonal model of Metadiscourse markers proposed by Hayland and Tse (2004) then developed by Hayland (2005), this content analysis aims to find the use of interactional metadiscourse markers in the introduction sections of two dissertations written by good and poor writers of doctorate students State University of Surabaya. The interactional metadiscourse markers were categorized into Booster, Hedges, Attitude Markers, Engagement Markers, and Self Mention.The good writer used more in number and variations of interactional metadiscourse markers than those of the poor writer used. For the most frequent interactional metadiscourse markers,the good writer used Engagement Marker, while the poor writer used the Self Mention as the most frequent one. It can be concluded that the use of interactional metadiscourse markers can be used as indicators of a good writer. So, it is suggested for the English teacher/lecturer to teach explicitly the use of interactional metadiscourse markers especially when the students write in academic writing.
Students as Producers: A Case Study of Technology-Based Projects
Authors: Murniati Cecilia Titiek , Sanjaya Ridwan
Published: January 2019

The existent literature on the integration of technology in language classrooms has addressed the issues of effective teaching strategies, the types of technologies students use, and teachers’ preparedness in adopting technology for the classrooms. Some scholars argue that the effectiveness of technology largely relies on the teaching strategies that teachers utilize. The findings of some studies shed light on the impact of technology on students’ attitude and engagement. Despite the unresolved debates about the use of technology in the classroom and its impact on student learning, the author’s current projects using games, YouTube, blog, and microblogging services indicated that students benefit from the projects in several ways. The participants of this study were students in the English Department in a private university in Semarang. The data for this study were collected from interviews, observation, and students’ learning reflective journals that students submitted upon the completion of the projects. The findings indicated that students felt more confident in applying their knowledge in real life situations. Interactions with teachers and peers, bridged by technology, contribute to their development as the creator of knowledge.
Academic Writing Students’ Affective Reactions towards Joint Reconstruction Phase of Reading to Learn
Authors: Listyani Listyani
Published: January 2019

Academic Writing can be considered a difficult writing course which can make students exhausted and even frustrated. The principle of the more you read, the better you write may be applicable to this course. One way to make students write better is by asking them to read more and giving them some model texts to learn. Asking them to work collaboratively with their peer students can also help. The series of steps are included in Reading to Learn (R2L) teaching method that I developed for my Academic Writing Class in Semester II/ 2015-2016 Academic Year. This study mainly tried to describe how introverted and extroverted students of an Academic Writing class of the Faculty of Language and Literature, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga, Indonesia, reacted to the phase when they were supposed to work with their peers to produce an outline and an essay. Among other 21 students in the class, five who were found to be introverted, and five other extroverted, became the respondents of the study. They were selected based on questionnaires they filled in the previous semester. Data were mainly derived from journals that they submitted every time they passed a step, and also from observation done through video recording during the whole semester. Findings show that the ten students showed different affective reactions towards collaborative writing
Gustave Le Bon, Rhetoric as Mass Contagion, and 19th Century Rhetoric
Authors: Ramsey Shawn D.
Published: January 2019

In the latest edition of The Present State of Scholarship in the History of Rhetoric, Lynne
The Implementation of Herringbone Technique in Reading Comprehension at Second Semester of Non-English Department
Authors: Rohmah Hidayatur
Published: January 2019

Herringbone technique is the technique to help students find important information and main idea in a text by seeking the answer of six comprehension questions on a diagram. This study is intended to know how the lecturer’s implement herringbone technique to the students’ reading comprehension, especially detail information and main idea. The research was done at STAI Bahrul ‘Ulum Tambakberas. The subject of the study was the second semester of PAI-A students consisting 33 students. The study is descriptive qualitative conducted in four meetings. The researcher applied several techniques including observation, field notes, interview, questionnaire, and students’ test. To analyze the lecture’s implementation, data condensation which are selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming all the data found. Then data display means compressed the information, and the last was conclusion drawing. In analyzing the test, the researcher used holistic scoring scale adapted from Brown. And diagram used to analyze the students’ respond toward the implementation. The research finding shows that the implementation of herringbone technique is conducted into three phases; (1) pre-reading phase, which focussed on background knowledge and brainstorm, (2) whilst-reading, which consist on reading activity, fill and discuss the diagram, and (3) post-reading which mean to check the students’ understanding. In conclusion, the use of herringbone technique in teaching reading comprehension requires the lecture to do specific activities of teaching and learning process in accordance with the stages of herringbone technique. The student’s responses result to the herringbone questions and the number of main ideas during teaching learning process increased from first until fourth meeting. The students’ responded toward the implementation of herringbone technique was very good, gave possitive effect and helped them more easily in understanding the text.
The Observable Students’ Divergent Approach as Experienced in a Seminar on Language Teaching Class
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan
Published: January 2019

This study aims at observing the undergraduate students’ divergent approach experience toward their language teaching seminar’ presentation and discussion. Ninety-one students (n=91) of English education department participated as the respondents. Data collection used a random sampling, whereas data analysis was examined through the descriptive statistics, simple correlation and two-tailed regression analysis with the significance level of .05. The divergent approach was found as a moderate category. The findings showed that M=17.44; SD=2.829 for learning control and objectives, M=19.70; SD=3.638 for language awareness, and M=11.97; SD=2.095 for students’ interaction with the significance level of F=62.564; R²=.683; and p<.00. The partial linearity analysis of learning control and objectives showed that t=3.645; p=.000, language awareness was t=2.648; p=.010, and students interaction was t=4.341; p=.000. These three predictors contributed a positive and significant influence toward the divergent approach. In further, a step-wise equivalence was applied to accommodate the two-tailed regression analysis, where its equivalence was Y=1.014+.381X1+.253X2+.660X3
Effect of grafting on resistance to vine decline disease, yield and fruit quality in muskmelon cv. Sawadi
Authors: Al-Mawaali Qais , Al-Sadi Abdullah M , Al-Said Fahad A , Rahman Mohammed Shafiur , Al-Zakwani Intisar , Ali Amanat , Al-Yahyai M. , Deadman Michael L.
Published: January 2019

A study was conducted to evaluate graft success, resistance to vine decline disease and effect of grafting on quality and yield of muskmelon. Two field experiments, conducted in Oman, showed that muskmelon cv. Sawadi grafted on six cucurbit rootstocks gave high grafting success: 97.6-99.1% (avg. 98.6%) and 92.4-96.9% (avg. 95.3%) under field conditions in fall 2012 and spring 2013 respectively. No significant differences were observed between seasons among the six treatments and a non-grafted control in consumer preference for odor and firmness, fruit shape, flesh vitamin C, micronutrient content  and TSS (sucrose %) or pH in spring 2013 (P > 0.05). The concentration of phosphorus and sodium significantly decreased in both seasons in all treatments in comparison to the control (P > 0.05). In both seasons potassium content significantly increased when Rsscih7458 and Mubyeongjangsoo rootstocks were used (P < 0.05). Strong Tosa rootstocks showed zero graft failure, high resistance to vine decline disease, high yield production and higher TSS (sucrose %) as compared to other rootstocks. Strong Tosa and Tetsukabuto rootstocks showed significantly higher consumer acceptance for rind color, flesh color and overall consumer acceptance in spring 2013 and was also less affected by seasonal changes. Results suggested that by grafting muskmelon cv. Sawadi some quality attributes may be improved in addition to the increased level of resistance to disease. However, additional trials are required to make final recommendations for the farming community.
Impact of the Domestic Labor Market on Sustainability of Agriculture in Oman
Authors: Kotagama Hemesiri Bandara , Al-Farsi Hamam
Published: January 2019

Undistorted factor markets are a perquisite for efficient allocation of resources and growth in production. In Oman by 2013, only 16% of households have reported agriculture as the main occupation and 53% have reported nonagricultural government employment as the main occupation. This situation is hypothesized to be related to the labor market; where government legislated higher remuneration in the nonagricultural government sector vis-a-vis agricultural sector, influences Omani farmers to move to nonagricultural employment, causing reduced cultivated area and farm production. The study uses operations research methods to quantify the impact of labor market policies on agricultural employment, farm gross income and land use intensity (proxy for farm production and food security). It is found that the shift of Omani labor from agriculture is influenced by higher wages in the nonagricultural sectors. The agricultural land use intensity is thereby decreased. The policy of allowing hiring of expatriate labor is beneficial in overcoming labor scarcity. However, in the long-run both farm productivity need to improve to be competitive with legislated income receivable from nonagricultural employment and ideally labor markets need to operate freely, to enhance food security and assure employment of Omani labor in agriculture.
COHESION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE WRITING
Authors: Ismail Nyak Mutia , Linda Lisma
Published: January 2019

It is important to keep the cohesion and coherence when writing; this is where the use of cohesive devices starts to be taken into account. This study sought the types of cohesive devices used by undergraduate students in their writing. The qualitative discourse analysis was used as the design of this research. The data were collected from seven undergraduate students as the respondents who were in the 6th semester at a private university in Aceh. These respondents were asked to write a descriptive text approximately 200 words in length and they were given forty-five minutes to finish their writing. The result unveiled that the type of cohesion devices which was majorly used was addition, as there are 94% of the additive device usage. Then, 75% refers to the use of cohesive devices as comparison, 56% as consequential, and 40% as temporal device. In can be concluded that the students use more addition in writing. As a suggestion, it is essential to shed light on their ability to employ cohesive devices more on other types in balance as it is necessary in contrasting, comparing, sequencing, giving exception, and illustrating.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING AUTHENTIC TEXTS IN THE TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Islam Syaiful , Santoso Edi
Published: January 2019

It was conducted to investigate whether the use of authentic texts in the teaching of reading comprehension is effective. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with non-randomized pretest-posttest control group. The samples of this study were the eight grade of SMP Negeri 1 Lawang – Malang in the 2017/2018 academic year. The sampling technique applied was simple random sampling which was taken by using lottery. The result of the lottery showed that class VIII-I was chosen as the experimental group and class VIII-G as the control group. In collecting data, pretest – posttest used was in the form of multiple choice tests which covered the subject matter of reading comprehension. The pretest means of both groups were analyzed statistically by using Lavene’s. Lavene’s test revealed the significant value is .553 that is higher than .05. This result indicates that the difference between variances is not significant. This indicates that the subjects of experimental and control groups are not significantly different before the experiment in their pretest scores of reading comprehension test. Therefore, an independent t-test was used to analyze the posttest means. The result of research findings, it can be concluded that using authentic texts in teaching reading comprehension proved to be effective in increasing the students’ reading comprehension achievement. Thus, it is suggested that English teacher to utilize authentic texts in teaching reading comprehension.
EKSISTENSI DISSENTING OPINION DALAM PUTUSAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI (Studi Putusan No : 20/Pid.Sus/2011/PN.Mks)
Authors: Herman Herman
Published: January 2019

The existence of a dissenting opinion in the case investigation of corruption in terms of juridical reference to the Act No. 48 year 2009 on the judicial power. Based on the philosophical the existence of a dissenting opinion in a case of corruption as an extraordinary crime does not eliminate its essence as an extra crime. Application of the dissenting judges that occur analyzed show a dissenting judge believes the defendant is not an act of corruption but the crime of forgery under article 263, paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code and not the competence of the Corruption Court, Rather Competence General Court.Keywords: Dissenting Opinion, Corruption Decision Eksistensi dissenting opinion dalam pemeriksaan perkara tindak pidana korupsi dari segi yuridis mengacu pada Undang-Undang No. 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Secara filosofis eksistensi dissenting opinion dalam perkara tindak pidana korupsi sebagai kejahatan luar biasa tidak menghilangkan esensinya sebagai kejahatan extra. Penerapan dissenting opinion hakim yang terjadi dalam putusan yang dianalisis menunjukkan hakim yang dissenting opinion berpendapat perbuatan terdakwa bukan merupakan tindak pidana korupsi melainkan tindak pidana pemalsuan berdasarkan pasal 263 ayat 1 KUHP dan bukan merupakan kompetensi Pengadilan Tipikor melainkan Kompetensi Pengadilan Umum.Kata Kunci : Dissenting Opinion, Putusan Korupsi
ASPEK HUKUM TERHADAP PERSETUJUAN TINDAKAN MEDIK/KEDOKTERAN (INFORMED CONSENT) DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN TINDAKAN TENAGA MEDIS DI RUMAH SAKIT Dr. TADJUDDIN CHALID MAKASSAR
Authors: Sila Sakir
Published: January 2019

Medical services as one of the elements of service that plays an important role in the provision of health services to patients In a professional relationship, there is an unequal or unequal position between the medical staff with the patient. Understanding of medical personnel (general practitioner and general dentist) at Dr. Hospital. Tadjuddin Chalid on informed consent still needs to be improved. Implementation of informed consent at Dr. Hospital. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar has not been done well, this is because some medical personnel have not implemented Law no 29 of 2004 on Medical Practice. Keyword: Medical Services, Informed ConsentPelayanan medis sebagai salah satu dari unsur pelayanan yang sangat berperan penting didalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien Didalam hubungan profesional, maka terdapat suatu kedudukan yang tidak sama atau tidak seimbang antara tenaga medis dengan pihak pasien. Pemahaman tenaga medis (dokter umum dan dokter gigi umum) di Rumah Sakit Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid tentang informed consent masih perlu ditingkatkan. Pelaksanaan informed consent di Rumah Sakit Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar belumlah terlaksana dengan baik, hal ini disebabkan karena sebagian tenaga medis belum melaksanakan Undang-Undang no 29 tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran.Kata Kunci: Pelayanan Medis, Informed Consent
URGENSI PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Mustarin Basyirah
Published: January 2019

Amil zalcat institution as zakat managers acting as a bridge between Muzakki with Mustahik in collecting zakat funds, then manage and distribute the zakat funds properly and appropriately targeted to Asnaf recipients of zakat mentioned in Al-Quran. The management of zakat funds professionally conducted by zalcat amil as well as on the mustahiq side guarantees the proper delivery of the mandate, can also help to alleviate the community from the very urgent poverty problem today. Zakat funds used to empower the poor and needy will productively seek the transformation of mustahiq that has been memetaforsa into muzakki can help and more useful for other mustahiq. Keywords: Urgency, Management, Institute of amil zakat  Lembaga amil zakat sebagai pengelola zakat yang bertindak sebagai jembatan penghubunga antara Muzakki dengan Mustahik dalam mengumpulkan dana zakat, kemudian mengelola serta mendistribusikan dana zakat tersebut secara benar dan tepat sasaran kepada para Asnaf penerima zakat yang telah disebutkan dalam Al-Quran. Pengelolaan dana zakat secara profesional yang dilakukan oleh lembaga amil zakat selain pada sisi mustahiq menjamin tersalurkannya amanah dengan tepat, juga dapat membantu mengentaskan masyarakat dari masalah kemiskinan yang amat urgen sekarang ini. Dana zakat yang dipergunakan memberdayakan kaum fakir dan miskin secara produktif akan mengupayakan terjadinya transformasi dari mustahiq yang telah bermetaforsa menjadi muzakki dapat membantu dan lebih bermanfaat lagi bagi para mustahiq lainnya.Kata kunci : Urgensi, Pengelolaan, Lembaga amil zakat
AKIBAT HUKUM KEPAILITAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Erlina Erlina
Published: January 2019

Limited liability company declared bankrupt does not necessarily stop and disperse but still exist as legal entity. In certain circumstances still exist running its business as usual limited liability company does not happen bankruptcy and still able to do business activity. This is due to the company declared bankrupt have an economic value (economic value) is much higher than the value of the company's assets. Because the bankruptcy is actually destined for companies that have negative assets. Nevertheless, the decision to continue the bankruptcy company resulted in the power of the board of directors in a limited liability company. However, with the bankruptcy statement, the debtor by law lost the right to control and manage his property which was inserted into the bankruptcy property as of the date of the decision of bankruptcy.Keywords: Limited Liability Company, Bankruptcy, Receiver Perseroan terbatas yang dinyatakan pailit tidak serta merta berhenti dan bubar melainkan masih eksis sebagai badan hukum. Dalam keadaan tertentu masih eksis menjalankan usahanya seperti lazimnya perseroan terbatas tidak terjadi kepailitan dan tetap dapat melakukan kegiatan usahanya. Hal ini diakibatkan perseroan dinyatakan pailit mempunyai nilai ekonomis (economic value) yang jauh lebih tinggi dibanding nilai aset perusahaan tesebut. Oleh karena kepailitan sebenarnya diperuntukkan terhadap perusahaan yang mempunyai aset negatif. Namun demikian, keputusan untuk melanjutkan perseroan pailit mengakibatkan kekuasaan direksi dalam suatu perseroan terbatas.. Namun dengan adanya pernyataan pailit, debitor demi hukum kehilangan hak untuk menguasai dan mengurus harta kekayaannya yang dimasukkan  ke dalam harta pailit terhitung sejak hari putusan pernyataan pailit tersebut.Kata kunci : Perseroan Terbatas, Kepailitan, Kurator
PENERAPAN AHLI WARIS PENGGANTI MENURUT KHI DAN KUHPERDATA DI KABUPATEN BONE (STUDI KASUS DI PENGADILAN AGAMA WATAMPONE
Authors: Bahtiar Suwardi
Published: January 2019

AbstractEndowment system according to hukumadat in Sub-Province of Bone that is division of inappropriate heritage part of which its is it him accepted, in division of heritage finished upon mutual consensus without passing Justice of local Religion. Pursuant to Section 185 sentence (1), one can heir because replacement of place is one who is replaced by its child should have passed away in advance from heir and also one who is replaced by its child represent heir of andaikata he above the ground. Besides, top-drawer condition is that heir goodness which in fact and also substitution heir have to believe in Islam. Keyword : Heir Substitution AbstrakSistem pewarisan menurut hukumadat di Kabupaten Bone yaitu pembagian warisan tidak sesuai bagian yang semestinya diterima, dalam pembagian warisan diselesaikan secara musyawarah tanpa melalui Pengadilan Agama setempat. Berdasarkan Pasal 185 ayat (1), seseorang dapat mewaris karena penggantian tempat adalah orang yang digantikan oleh anaknya tersebut harus sudah meninggal dunia lebih dahulu dari pewaris serta orang yang digantikan oleh anaknya tersebut merupakan ahli waris andaikata ia masih hidup. Selain itu, syarat yang paling penting adalah bahwa baik pewaris yang sebenarnya maupun ahli waris pengganti harus beragama Islam.Kata Kunci : Ahli Waris Pengganti
PENERAPAN BEBAN PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Risal Muhammad Chaerul
Published: January 2019

AbstractVerification burden in case of ordinary doing an injustice represent public procecutor duty. However, verification burden in natural corruption doing an injustice of change of new paradigm by applying inversion of verification burden. Through inversed verification of defendant should be able to prove that owned estae is it obtained by valid, but if defendant cannot prove that owned estae is it obtained by valid hence he earn to be considered to be perpetrator of corruption doing an injustice.Keyword : Urgency, Inversed Burden Verification, Doing An Injustice Corruption AbstrakBeban pembuktian dalam perkara tindak pidana biasa merupakan tugas jaksa penuntut umum. Akan tetapi, beban pembuktian dalam tindak pidana korupsi mengalami perubahan paradigma baru dengan menerapkan pembalikan beban pembuktian. Melalui pembuktian terbalik terdakwa harus bisa membuktikan bahwa harta yang dimilikinya diperoleh dengan cara yang sah, namun jika terdakwa tidak dapat membuktikan bahwa harta yang dimilikinya diperoleh dengan cara yang sah  maka ia dapat dianggap sebagai pelaku tindak pidana korupsi.Kata Kunci : Urgensi, Beban Pembuktian Terbalik, Tindak Pidana Korupsi
PEMBUKTIAN DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LALU LINTAS
Authors: Amiruddin Muh.
Published: January 2019

AbstractHeight mount accident of traffic ( lakalantas) alone if from lack of awareness of society in this case driver of motor vehicle with various coherent factor at  x'self for example in the case of fitness of bodily, readiness of bouncing at the (time) of tired driver, influence of liquor, and forbidden. Condition of driver open big opportunity the happening of hard accident beside endanger safety of consumer of other roadway of Moo, sleepy, less skillful, fatigue, do not keep distance, accelerate untimely [is] example [of] mistake of driver in general. Keyword : Accident, Traffic, Liquor AbstrakTingginya tingkat kecelakaan lalu lintas (lakalantas) sendiri jika dari kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam hal ini pengemudi kendaraan bermotor dengan berbagai faktor yang melekat pada dirinya misalnya dalam hal kebugaran jasmani, kesiapan mental pada saat pengemudi kelelahan, pengaruh minuman keras, dan obat-obatan terlarang. Kondisi ketidaksiapan pengemudi membuka peluang besar terjadinya kecelakaan yang parah disamping membahayakan keselamatan pengguna jalan raya lainnya Lengah, mengantuk, kurang terampil, lelah, tidak menjaga jarak, melaju terlalu cepat adalah contoh kesalahan pengemudi pada umumnya.Kata Kunci : Kecelakaan, Lalu Lintas, Minuman Keras
Tinjauan Terhadap Kesiapan Pustakawan dalam Menghadapi Disrupsi Profesi di Era Library 4.0: Sebuah Literatur Review
Authors: Nashihuddin Wahid , Suryono Fajar
Published: January 2019

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mengetahui kompetensi, upaya, tantangan dan peluang pustakawan dalam menghadapi disrupsi profesi di era library 4.0.  Jenis data kajian ini adalah kualitatif dengan sumber data literature review. Literatur yang telah direview kemudian dianalisis isinya berdasarkan pokok bahasan kajian. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pustakawan (di berbagai jenis institusi perpustakaan) sebaiknya meningkatkan kompetensi diri dan melakukan tranformasi perpustakaan untuk persiapan menghadapi disrupsi. Pustakawan perlu meningkatkan kompetensi dirinya secara profesional dalam hal pengelolaan e-resources perpustakaan, kepemimpinan manajerial, literasi digital, dan literasi penelitian. Kompetensi tersebut sebagai bekal pustakawan untuk melakukan tranformasi perpustakaan dan mewujudkan masyarakat berpengetahuan. Selain itu, pustakawan juga harus memandang isu dan fenomena disrupsi sebagai tantangan dan peluang yang positif bagi pengembangan karir profesinya di masa mendatang. Sebagai rekomendasi, pustakawan perlu mengikuti perkembangan teknologi digital library 4.0 dan memperhatikan tiga hal, yaitu penguatan pengetahuan, membangun konektivitas, dan berorientasi pada kebutuhan komunitas. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar pustakawan siap menghadapi disrupsi dan pelayanan perpustakaan yang diberikan kepada pengguna berdampak langsung bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat.ABSTRACTThis study aims to explain and to know the competencies, efforts, challenges and opportunities of librarian for encounter the profession disruption in the library 4.0 era. This type of study data is qualitative with literature review as data sources. The literature that has been reviewed then analyzed based on the subject matter. The results of this study indicate that librarians (in various types of library institutions) should improve their competences and conduct the library transformations to disruption preparation. Librarians need to increase their professional competence in terms of library e-resources management, managerial leadership, digital literacy, and research literacy. These competencies as the librarian asset to transform the library and realize the knowledgeable community. In addition, librarians must look at disruption issue and phenomena as positive challenges and opportunities for professional career development in the future.  As the recommendation, librarians need to keep up of digital technology development of library 4.0 and noticed to three things, namely knowledge strengthening, connectivity building, and oriented to the community needs. This is done so that librarians are ready to encounter the disruption and library services provided to users can be impacted for the community welfare.
DEVELOPING MODULE OF CHILDREN LITERATURE TO INCREASE THE STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING
Authors: Fikri Hajarudin Al , Zubaidah Enny
Published: January 2019

Abstract:This study aimed to (1) produce a module of children literature based on nationalism character to improve the critical thinking ability of the fourth grade students of MIN Boyolali, and (2) measure the effectiveness of the module used in classroom toward critical thinking ability of the fourth grade students of MIN Boyolali. Set within the research and development type, this study adapted the development procedure formulated by Borg and Gall (1983). Data were collected through interview and observation, product validation, questionnaire of the teacher and the students’ response, and the result of pre-test and post-test which was analyzed using independent sample t-test. Meanwhile, the effectiveness was tested through quasi experiment. The result of the research showed that the module was categorized as “fit” by material and language expert; while the media expert categorized it as "very fit". In the other hand, the teacher and the students’ responses to the use of learning module were categorized as "excellent". Further, the output of the independent sample t test showed that the module was effective to improve the students' critical thinking skills.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menghasilkan modul sastra anak berdasarkan karakter nasionalisme untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV MIN Boyolali, dan (2) mengukur efektivitas modul yang digunakan di kelas terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV MIN Boyolali. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian pengembangan yang mengadaptasi prosedur pengembangan yang dirumuskan oleh Borg dan Gall (1983). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi, validasi produk, kuesioner dari guru dan respon siswa, dan hasil pre-test dan post-test yang dianalisis menggunakan independent sample t-test. Sementara itu, keefektifannya diuji melalui eksperimen semu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul dikategorikan “cocok” oleh ahli materi dan bahasa; sedangkan pakar media mengategorikannya "sangat pas". Di sisi lain, respons guru dan siswa terhadap penggunaan modul pembelajaran dikategorikan "sangat baik". Selanjutnya, hasil dari uji t sampel independen menunjukkan bahwa modul ini efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa
KOMPETENSI PEMBUATAN INSTRUMEN PENGUKURAN HASIL BELAJAR OLEH GURU IPS SMP DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Ruhimat Mamat
Published: January 2019

Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan guru IPS Sekolah Menengah Pertama Kota Bandung dalam membuat alat ukur hasil belajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur bentuk tes lebih dominan digunakan dibandingkan bentuk non tes, baik pada Ulangan Harian, Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) maupun Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS). Selain itu, hanya sebagian kecil responden guru yang membuat soal dengan mengacu pada kisi-kisi, bahkan ada guru yang tidak membuat kisi-kisi. Alat ukur tes yang dibuat pun tidak melalui tahap uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Responden guru belum menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas dalam pengembangan alat ukur hasil belajar peserta didik. Peneliti merekomendasikan kepada semua pihak terkait untuk melakukan peningkatan, pembiasaan dan pengawasan terhadap guru untuk membuat alat ukur hasil belajar, khususnya bagi guru-guru IPS.Abstract:This study aimed to analyze the ability of the Social Studies Teachers of Junior High School of Bandung city in creating instruments to measure the students’ learning outcomes. This research used survey method. The result of this study showed that the test form was more dominant than non-test forms, both on Daily Tests and Middle or Final Semester Exams. In addition,  only a few teachers made questions referring to the question framework, and several teachers did not even use it. The instrument also did not pass the validity and reliability test. Teachers had not indicated the quality improvement in developing instrument to measure the students’ learning outcomes. Researcher recommended to all relevant parties to improve, habituate and supervise teachers to make learning outcome instruments, especially for Social Studies teachers.
Social partnership as a mechanism of agreement of group interests
Authors: Dehanova N. G.
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the features of representation of interests in the system of social partnership of modern Russia. Two main approaches to the category of “social partnership” are analyzed: narrow, in which the social partnership is understood as the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the labor sphere and broad, considering social partnership as intersectoral social interaction between the three sectors of society — government body, commercial enterprises and nonprofit organizations in order to solve the problems of the social sphere. The conditions influencing the process of institutionalization of various models of social partnership are analyzed. The author pays special attention to the process of formation of the Institute of social partnership in modern Russia. The negative factors hindering the formation of an effective, rather than formal, system of social partnership are identified: the underdevelopment of civil society institutions, the weakness of trade unions, the lack of effective representation of employers, too strong state dominance, inequality of the parties. The use of foreign experience of non-confrontational ways of regulating social relations should be adapted to Russian realities.
The dualistic nature of lobbying in modern democracies
Authors: Kanevskiy P. S.
Published: January 2019

The development of lobbying in the modern world is directly related to the dynamics of democratic regimes. The interaction between interest groups and the state is inherent in the nature of constitutional democracies. However, as shown in this article, lobbying in a democracy can be viewed from two opposite perspectives — as a continuation of the spirit of democracy and the development of a dialogue between the civil society and the state and as a deviation from the principles of representative democracy. The article analyzes the categories of public and private interests and it is shown that the interpretation of the role of interest groups and lobbying in a society depends on how we understand the interest and whom we consider as carriers of political interests. It is shown how in the XXth century a classical discussion was developing around the role of interest groups in politics and that this discussion has not lost its relevance today.
Perspectives of Russian lobbying in the US
Authors: Sushentsov A. A.
Published: January 2019

Despite the panic in the American media surrounding Russian interference in American affairs, today Russia does not have its own full-fledged lobby in the United States. Russian experts are excluded from the American foreign policy debate, even in those matters that affect Moscow directly. Speakers invited to the Congress spoke, as a rule, with criticism of the Russian government. Meanwhile, in the United States exists a request for an alternative opinion of experts from Russia. Americans ignore weak arguments and propaganda, but are ready to accept useful criticism and discussion. The key to the success of Russia’s lobbying aspirations may be the creation in Washington of a respectable analytical center expressing the interests of Moscow and actively participating in American foreign policy discussion.
Conceptualization of approaches to the interpretation of the phenomenon of lobbying
Authors: Feldman P. J.
Published: January 2019

In this article is made an attempt to conceptualize the phenomenon of political lobbyism. The author traces the evolution of the domestic scientific discourse devoted to the relevant problem and comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to return to its theoretical origins. In particular, he questions the applicability of the theory of interest groups and other pluralistic concepts for the study of domestic socio-political realities. As an alternative, a network paradigm is proposed, suggesting the existence of inseparable links between state and non-state actors. Within the framework of the concept of political networks, lobbying acts as one of the key communication mechanisms of hierarchically unorganized institutions and actors. In addition, the article notes a discord between strict (scientific) and philistine approaches to the interpretation of the phenomenon of lobbyism. In this regard, it seems necessary to clarify the content of this concept, taking into account the Russian political specifics.
Rome club and social transformations of the second half of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century
Authors: Sidorina A. V.
Published: January 2019

The article analyzes the main prerequisites for the emergence and further development of the Сlub of Rome. The second half of the XX century is seen as a period of qualitative transformation of all aspects of social life. The emergence of the Сlub of Rome in this period is seen as a response to the ongoing transformation processes. Globalization and the scientific and technological revolution are becoming the basic prerequisites for the formation of global problems of human civilization. Global problems are being analyzed at the international community level. The first reports of the Club of Rome analyzed the global problems of our time in the context of “society — nature” with the using computer modeling methods. If the first reports were characterized only by an assessment of the current state of civilization and forecasting its further development (with an emphasis, as a rule, on pessimistic aspects), then the subsequent works of the members of the Club of Rome is characterized by an attempt to build a model out of the existing crisis and the further sustainable development of civilization. Th e second group of reports of the Сlub develops in the framework of the analysis of interaction in the system “society — individual”. This is partly due to the fact that social problems are becoming more acute, primarily the problem of confrontation between the “rich North and the poor South”. Within the framework of these works, the idea that modern global problems are not only environmental and economic problems, they are problems of political and institutional order, they are demographic, cultural, ideological, they are problems of the crisis of the basic value structures of modern civilization is gaining popularity. The authors of the reports lead us to the need to build a new ideological paradigm, which will be the basis of a new global ethics. The creation of a new ethics of international cooperation is considered as a basic and key condition for overcoming the existing crisis.
Formation of the regulatory functions of the social state
Authors: Vasiliev V. P.
Published: January 2019

The article analyzes the stages of formation of the principles of the welfare state, the development of its models. The basic model of a market economy does not deny the essential role of the state in socio-economic processes. It is shown that each of the stages is complementary to the fundamental characteristics of the phenomenon of the welfare state, based on new social practices. Historical evolution is represented by the enrichment functions of the state and business along the trajectory of the welfare state — social market economy — the welfare state. A central element of the social state is the social insurance institution, emerged in the socio-labor relations as a form of interaction of employees and employers with trade unions and the state. The dominant feature of the social market economy is to ensure free entrance of citizens in market activity and related functions of the state to ensure availability to markets of labor and capital, ensuring competition and private property rights. Welfare society based on a powerful upsurge of economic dynamics and productivity marks the transition to a new quality of life and overcoming social exclusion. Illustrates the emerging tendency to increase the share of the state in ensuring social economic dynamics. Identified positive and negative aspects of this process. For the practice of public administration in Russia proposed restructuring of the budget expenditures and insurance payments.
Genderproblematics inwestern class analysis: the dynamics oftheoretical approaches
Authors: Gavrilyuk T. V.
Published: January 2019

The article represents an analytical review of the axiomatics of sociological approaches to class analysis, taking into account gender diferentiation since the 1940s till nowadays. Te problems of primary units selection of the class analysis, conceptual grounds for determining the class position of women and the features of their social status, conditioned by this position, ways of normalizing gender inequality in conventional approaches and criticizing their legitimacy have been considered in the research. It has been found that within the framework of the structural and functional approach of T. Parsons, the class status of the individual is ascetic, the main mechanism for its acquisition and transmission is kinship, while gender inequality is regarded as condition for maintaining the stability of the social system. Te changing structure of employment and women’s emancipation has led to the revision of the conventional approach foundations by problem consideration of families as the primary units of class analysis. Subsequently, the dominant approach of J. Goldthorpe eliminates the gender inequality aspect, linking the class position of the household with the position of the partner who plays a leading role in its economic provision. E.O. Wright’s approach, representing an infuential neo-Marxist alternative model of class analysis, presupposes the existence of an individual actor as the initial element of class analysis. At the same time, the author emphasizes the existence of exploitation relations in the family, as well as the high degree of risk and uncertainty of the social status of a signifcant number of women. Awareness of the role of individualization in social dynamics, changes in the structure of the global economy and the consequences of de-industrialization in the 1990s changed the original axiomatics of class analysis. Te focus of attention has shifed from the disputes about the criteria of class diferentiation to the analysis of real diferences in people’s way of life, generated by social inequality. Modern studies of social inequality take into account the intersection of gender, class, racial and other characteristics of individuals and communities.