bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La isla de Calibán
Authors: Ortega Julio
Published: March 2012

La tempestad de William Shakespeare es una de sus obras más estudiadas en relación a la empresa colonial europea en las Américas y la construcción de una imagen del hombre americano. En los últimos 20 años, la crítica "post-colonial" ha visto en ella la demostración de la mirada central (a través de Próspero, representante de los poderes político y mágico) que convierte a Calibán (el habitante de la isla caribeña) en un monstruo, que es además siervo, y criatura desprovista de juicio moral. A esa versión del "hombre natural" este estudio opone una interpretación basada en el "buen salvaje", favorecida por Montaigne y no ajena a Shakespeare. Según esta versión, Calibán no es sólo un "monstruo" sino también una criatura humana que, gracias al lenguaje, no sólo aprende "a maldecir" sino a nombrar la abundancia de su isla nativa.
Leopoldo Lugones, el Estado equitativo y la sociedad militarizada. Una representación del autoritarismo argentino después del golpe de Estado de 1930
Authors: Echeverría Olga
Published: March 2012

Este artículo pretende abordar una problemática y un período no muy tenido en cuenta por los estudios existentes sobre la derecha autoritaria argentina de principios del siglo XX. Busca analizar la forma en que uno de los principales intelectuales antidemocráticos, Leopoldo Lugones, intentó superar la frustración provocada por el curso tomado por el gobierno iniciado con el golpe de Estado de 1930. En ese sentido, si bien se reconoce la creciente intrascendencia política de los escritores autoritarios -incluido el propio Lugones-, se pretende poner en evidencia los esfuerzos intelectuales por recuperar una influencia que, según se percibía, se había gozado en los años previos al movimiento. De allí que la representación del Estado y la sociedad que realizaba el poeta y hombre político constituyan un aspecto importante a tener en cuenta al momento de analizar su forma de entender la política y el pensamiento como acción.
Noticias del Perú en las escribanías de Sevilla
Authors: Gil Juan
Published: March 2012

Se reúnen en este artículo una serie de nuevos documentos procedentes del Archivo de Protocolos de Sevilla relativos al Perú, que nos informan de diversas actividades financieras de varios de los primeros conquistadores. Entre otros, de Alonso Riquelme, Francisco de Jerez y Pedro Cieza de León.
El Admirarse como forma de enfrentar la nueva realidad americana
Authors: Álvarez Moreno Raúl
Published: March 2012

El artículo analiza el uso de la admiratio para presentar la nueva realidad americana a finales del siglo XV y durante el XVI. Tras explorar la riqueza semántica del término y definirlo, se parte del mismo, como el primer estadio del proceso cognitivo del ser humano, cuyo objeto será una naturaleza, entendida como totalidad que incluye al hombre. La plasmación de lo admirable como parte del proceso cognitivo tiene también su lugar en el estudio. Pero será la transformación que supone el Renacimiento, la que convertirá a la admiratio en una función poética relacionada con el movere, y a la que América como inventio solucionaba el problema de la verosimilitud heredado de la Edad Media. El concepto será usado por nuestros autores, no ya para reflejar una fase del conocimiento, sino con una función claramente retórica: provocar un estado de ánimo en el lector para conseguir algo de él.
Alimentación y dieta en la Provincia de Caracas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Torres Sánchez Jaime
Published: March 2012

En este artículo se examina el régimen alimentario colonial en sus patrones de valores nutritivos y energéticos sobre la base de nuevos datos cuantitativos de consumo de alimentos en 1751-52, en la Provincia de Caracas, reconstruyéndose la ‘dieta típica’ de 1751 y 1775. La utilización del Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y el Análisis de Cluster junto a otras evidencias sugiere que la hipótesis de la naturaleza dual del régimen alimentario colonial debe revisarse. Los resultados de las técnicas de análisis de la historia de la alimentación aplicadas a los datos permiten concluir que las dietas examinadas habrían sido satisfactorias en el régimen de alimentación examinado.
Enemigos internos y súbditos desleales. La infidencia en Nueva Vizcaya en tiempos de los Borbones
Authors: Ortelli Sara
Published: March 2012

Este artículo analiza la composición de los grupos caracterizados como enemigos internos y acusados de infidencia o deslealtad al rey en la provincia septentrional de Nueva Vizcaya en tiempos de los Borbones. Presenta los argumentos a través de los cuales los hombres del siglo XVIII y los estudiosos intentaron explicar las motivaciones y objetivos que perseguían estos grupos, y propone que la profusión de infidentes a partir de la década de 1770 debe ser entendida en el marco de la nueva mirada del Estado Borbónico sobre la sociedad colonial.
Aplicación de la norma EN 14491:2006 a los silos de acero cilíndricos para la protección frente a explosiones de polvo
Authors: Tascón A. , Aguado P. J.
Published: March 2012

Las explosiones de polvo representan un serio peligro en aquellas industrias y silos en los que se manejan materiales combustibles. Para mitigar los efectos de una posible explosión generalmente se utilizan dispositivos de venteo, que pueden dimensionarse siguiendo la norma europea EN 14491:2006. Sin embargo, frecuentemente surgen complicaciones que hacen que la instalación de venteos sea técnicamente complicada y muy costosa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la aplicación de la norma EN 14491:2006 a los silos metálicos cilíndricos, remarcando las dificultades y limitaciones existentes y explicando sus aspectos clave para poder aplicarla correctamente. También se ha calculado el coste que puede suponer la protección de silos mediante venteos. Finalmente, se proporcionan algunas sugerencias para afrontar la protección de silos, información sobre métodos alternativos de cálculo de venteos y tendencias de futuro en este campo.
Attitudinal Disposition of Nigerian University Students toward Social Networking Sites
Authors: Ahmad Suleiman Alhaji
Published: March 2012

Abstract- Internet has consolidated into a cohesive entity and amalgamated itself as a very powerful platform that has changed the way people do things. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) cannot be underestimated or jettison because no other communication medium which has given an international and globalized audience and dimension to the world like it. Facebook, Myspace, YouTube etc each of these and many other SNSs play a vital role on interaction and communication. The access to the internet for SNSs browsing is everywhere now. It is clearly established that even politicians, influential people, corporate managers, security agencies, lecturers, school administrators, and children are using SNSs thus students as well. Most SNSs are similar to each other there is commonality in their technical features. The study seeks to find out the level of studentsâ?? attitude towards SNSs usage in the selected northern Nigerian universities. Quantitatively it was found that Nigerian students have positive attitude towards the SNSs; and that there is no significant difference in terms of gender. However, differences were found significant in terms of faculties in the extent of studentsâ?? attitudes toward the SNSs usage.
Constructivism Based Blended Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Al-Huneidi Ahmad Mhammad , Schreurs Jeanne
Published: March 2012

This paper explain how to apply Constructivism and Conversation theories in Blended Learning environment in order to increase learning outcomes and quality. Some scenarios of Constructivism based blended learning activities are presented in this paper. In addition, a Constructivism Based Blended Learning model for â??ICT Management
U-SEA: A Learning Environment Ubiquitous Using Cloud Computing
Authors: Dutra Piovesan Sandra , Hoff do Amaral Marcelo , Priscila Barbosa Arenhardt Catiane , Duarte Medina Roseclea
Published: March 2012

The spread of the use of virtual learning environments presents a great potential for the development of applications that meet needs in the area of education. In view of the importance of a more dynamic implementation and that it will be able to continually adapt to the needs of students, it was proposed and developed the U-SEA (System of Teaching Adapted Ubiquitous). A software built on the basis of the virtual learning environment Moodle, having as main purpose the adaptation to the context of the computational student, glimpsing techniques characteristics such as the suitability of the environment the connection speed of the user, provided with an infrastructure for Cloud Computing.
Enhancing the Digital Backchannel Backstage on the Basis of a Formative User Study
Authors: Pohl Alexander , Gehlen-Baum Vera , Bry Francois
Published: March 2012

Contemporary higher education with its large audiences suffers from passivity of students. Enhancing the classroom with a digital backchannel can contribute to establishing and fostering active participation of and collaboration among students in the lecture. Therefore, we conceived the digital backchannel Backstage specifically tailored for the use in large classes. At an early phase of development we tested its core functionalities in a small-scale user study. The aim of the study was to gain first impressions of its adoption, and also to form a basis for further steps in the conception of Backstage. Regarding adoption we particularly focused on how Backstage influences the participants? questioning behavior, a salient aspect in learning. We observed that during the study much more questions were uttered on Backstage than being asked without backchannel support. Regarding the further development of Backstage we capitalized on the participants? usability feedback. The key of the refinement is the integration of presentation slides in Backstage, which leads to an interesting reconsideration of the user interactions of Backstage.
An integral investigation into the phenomenology and neurophysiology of Christian Trinity meditation
Authors: Edwards Stephen D. , Edwards David J.
Published: March 2012

This integral investigation explored phenomenological and neurophysiologic, individual and collective dimensions of Christian Trinitarian meditation experiences in a volunteer, convenience sample of 10 practicing Christians, 6 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 48 years and an age range from 21 to 85 years. Participants meditated for a minimum period of 15 minutes, during which neurophysiologic data in the form of electroencephalographic (EEG), electromyographic (EMG), blood volume pulse (BVP) and respiratory activity were recorded. A phenomenological analysis indicated that the meditation process generally involved a movement from body to mind to spirit as evident in reports of an increasingly relaxed, contented and focused state of consciousness characterised by Christian Trinitarian imagery, wonder, surrender, peace, bliss, openness and formlessness. The neuropsychological findings indicated significant increases, from baseline to meditation recordings, in the alpha and beta range, accompanied by increasing mean trends in the theta and gamma range, and decreasing mean trends in the delta range, EMG, BVP and respiration. Integrative findings indicated the practical theological value of small doses of Christian Trinity meditation to enhance spiritual life for those forms of waking, thinking, conscious behaviour needed in everyday world involvement and healing. Findings were discussed in relation to further integrative investigations and interventions with practical theological implications.
The PREM Collection of fungi 1905 to 2011: An overview
Authors: Jacobs Adriaana
Published: March 2012

The South Africa‘s National Collection of Fungi traces its origins back to 1905. Over the years the mandate has stayed the same despite the numerous changes in research focus. An overview of our activities and history will be provided.
Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide
Authors: Jalkanen J.-P. , Johansson L. , Kukkonen J. , Brink A. , Kalli J. , Stipa T.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. A method is presented for the evaluation of the exhaust emissions of marine traffic, based on the messages provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which enable the positioning of ship emissions with a high spatial resolution (typically a few tens of metres). The model also takes into account the detailed technical data of each individual vessel. The previously developed model was applicable for evaluating the emissions of NOx, SOx and CO2. This paper addresses a substantial extension of the modelling system, to allow also for the mass-based emissions of particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). The presented Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model (STEAM2) allows for the influences of accurate travel routes and ship speed, engine load, fuel sulphur content, multiengine setups, abatement methods and waves. We address in particular the modeling of the influence on the emissions of both engine load and the sulphur content of the fuel. The presented methodology can be used to evaluate the total PM emissions, and those of organic carbon, elemental carbon, ash and hydrated sulphate. We have evaluated the performance of the extended model against available experimental data on engine power, fuel consumption and the composition-resolved emissions of PM. We have also compared the annually averaged emission values with those of the corresponding EMEP inventory, As example results, the geographical distributions of the emissions of PM and CO are presented for the marine regions of the Baltic Sea surrounding the Danish Straits.
Distributions of the carbonate system properties, anthropogenic CO2, and acidification during the 2008 BOUM cruise (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Touratier F. , Guglielmi V. , Goyet C. , Prieur L. , Pujo-Pay M. , Conan P. , Falco C.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. We relate here the distributions of two carbonate system key properties (total alkalinity, AT; and total dissolved inorganic carbon, CT) measured along a section in the Mediterranean Sea, going from Marseille (France) to the south of the Cyprus Island, during the 2008 BOUM cruise. The three main objectives of the present study are (1) to draw and comment on the distributions of AT and CT in the light of others properties like salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, (2) to estimate the distribution of the anthropogenic CO2 (CANT) in the intermediate and the deep waters, and (3) to calculate the resulting variation of pH (acidification) since the beginning of the industrial era. Since the calculation of CANT is always an intense subject of debate, we apply two radically different approaches to estimate CANT: the very simple method TrOCA and the MIX approach, the latter being more precise but also more difficult to apply. A clear picture for the AT and the CT distributions is obtained: the mean concentration of AT is higher in the oriental basin while that of CT is higher in the occidental basin of the Mediterranean Sea, fully coherent with the previous published works. Despite of the two very different approaches we use here (TrOCA and MIX), the estimated distributions of CANT are very similar. These distributions show that the minimum of CANT encountered during the BOUM cruise is higher than 46.3 μmol kg−1 (TrOCA) or 48.8 μmol kg−1(MIX). All Mediterranean water masses (even the deepest) appear to be highly contaminated by CANT, as a result of the very intense advective processes that characterize the recent history of the Mediterranean circulation. As a consequence, unprecedented levels of acidification are reached with an estimated decrease of pH since the pre-industrial era of −0.148 to −0.061 pH unit, which places the Mediterranean Sea as one of the most acidified world marine ecosystem.
Madagascar corals reveal Pacific multidecadal modulation of rainfall since 1708
Authors: Grove C. A. , Zinke J. , Peeters F. , Park W. , Scheufen T. , Kasper S. , Randriamanantsoa B. , McCulloch M. T. , Brummer G.-J. A.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The Pacific Ocean modulates Australian and North American rainfall variability on multidecadal timescales, in concert with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). It has been suggested that Pacific decadal variability may also influence Indian Ocean surface temperature and rainfall in a far-field response, similar to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on interannual timescales. However, instrumental records of rainfall are too short and too sparse to confidently assess such multidecadal climatic teleconnections. Here, we present four climate archives spanning the past 300 yr from giant Madagascar corals. We decouple 20th century human deforestation effects from rainfall induced soil erosion using spectral luminescence scanning and geochemistry. The corals provide the first evidence for Pacific decadal modulation of rainfall over the Western Indian Ocean. We find that positive PDO phases are associated with increased Indian Ocean temperatures and rainfall in Eastern Madagascar, while precipitation in Southern Africa and Eastern Australia declines. Consequently, the negative PDO phase that started in 1998 should lead to reduced rainfall over Eastern Madagascar and increased precipitation in Southern Africa and Eastern Australia. We conclude that the PDO has important implications for future multidecadal variability of African rainfall, where water resource management is increasingly important under the warming climate.
Reconstruction of high resolution atmospheric fields for Northern Europe using analog-upscaling
Authors: Schenk F. , Zorita E.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The analog method (AM) has found application to reconstruct gridded climate fields from the information provided by proxy data and climate model simulations. Here, we test the skill of different set-ups of the AM, in a controlled but realistic situation, by analysing several statistical properties of reconstructed daily high-resolution atmospheric fields for Northern Europe for a 50-year period. In this application, station observations of sea-level pressure and air temperature are combined with atmospheric fields from a 50-year high-resolution regional climate simulation. This reconstruction aims at providing homogeneous and physically consistent atmospheric fields with daily resolution suitable to drive high resolution ocean and ecosystem models. Different settings of the AM are evaluated in this study for the period 1958-2007 to estimate the robustness of the reconstruction and its ability to replicate high and low-frequent variability, realistic probability distributions and extremes of different meteorological variables. It is shown that the AM can realistically reconstruct variables with a strong physical link to daily sea-level pressure on daily and monthly scale. However, to reconstruct low-frequency decadal and longer temperature variations, additional monthly mean station temperature as predictor is required. Our results suggest that the AM is a suitable upscaling tool to predict daily fields taken from regional climate simulations based on sparse historical station data. After this testing and characterization of the different set-ups the method will be applied to reconstruct the high-resolution atmospheric fields for the last 160 years.
Modelling sub-grid wetland in the ORCHIDEE global land surface model: evaluation against river discharges and remotely sensed data
Authors: Ringeval B. , Decharme B. , Piao S. L. , Ciais P. , Papa F. , de Noblet-Ducoudré N. , Prigent C. , Friedlingstein P. , Gouttevin I. , Koven C. , Ducharne A.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The quality of the global hydrological simulations performed by Land Surface Models (LSMs) strongly depends on processes that occur at unresolved spatial scales. Approaches such as TOPMODEL have been developed, which allow soil moisture redistribution within each grid-cell, based upon sub-grid scale topography. Moreover, the coupling between TOPMODEL and a LSM appears as a potential way to simulate wetland extent dynamic and its sensitivity to climate, a recently identified research problem for biogeochemical modelling, including methane emissions. Global evaluation of the coupling between TOPMODEL and an LSM is difficult, and prior attempts have been indirect, based on the evaluation of the simulated river flow. This study presents a new way to evaluate this coupling, within the ORCHIDEE LSM, using remote sensing data of inundated areas. Because of differences in nature between the satellite derived information – inundation extent – and the variable diagnosed by TOPMODEL/ORCHIDEE – area at maximum soil water content –, the evaluation focuses on the spatial distribution of these two quantities as well as on their temporal variation. Despite some difficulties in exactly matching observed localized inundated events, we obtain a rather good agreement in the distribution of these two quantities at a global scale. Floodplains are not accounted for in the model, and this is a major limitation. The difficulty of reproducing the year-to-year variability of the observed inundated area (for instance, the decreasing trend by the end of 90s) is also underlined. Classical indirect evaluation based on comparison between simulated and observed riverflow is also performed and underlines difficulties to simulate riverflow after coupling with TOPMODEL. The relationship between inundation and river flow at the basin scale in the model is analyzed, using both methods (evaluation against remote sensing data and riverflow). Finally, we discuss the potential of the TOPMODEL/LSM coupling to simulate wetland areas. A major limitation of the coupling for this purpose is linked to its ability to simulate a global wetland coverage consistent with the commonly used datasets. However, it seems to be a good opportunity to account for the wetland areas sensitivity to the climate and thus to simulate its temporal variability.
Evaluation of a complementary based model for mapping land surface evapotranspiration
Authors: Sun Z. , Wang Q. , Ouyang Z. , Yang Y.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. A modified Priestley-Taylor (P-T) equation was proposed by Venturini et al. (2008) to map actual evapotranspiration (ET) based solely on satellite remote sensing data, involving a parameter based on a scaled temperature between dew point temperature and surface temperature. In this study, however, theoretical analyses and field experimental evidence show that it is hard to obtain this scaled temperature using dew point temperature and surface temperature. This study also presents a new parameterization method using air temperature, surface temperature, and surface temperature of a reference dry surface. The actual ET estimates obtained by means of our proposed parameterization method are validated at a site scale, and a case study is conducted to map actual ET from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) images using our proposed method. Results of ground-based validation and a case study of mapping ET using ASTER images indicate that the improvement on the modified P-T equation proposed by Venturini et al. (2008) can contribute to generating reliable actual ET.
Generating spatial precipitation ensembles: impact of temporal correlation structure
Authors: Rakovec O. , Hazenberg P. , Torfs P. J. J. F. , Weerts A. H. , Uijlenhoet R.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Sound spatially distributed rainfall fields including a proper spatial and temporal error structure are of key interest for hydrologists to force hydrological models and to identify uncertainties in the simulated and forecasted catchment response. The current paper presents a temporal coherent error identification method based on time-dependent multivariate spatial conditional simulations, which are made further conditional on preceding simulations. Synthetic and real world experiments are carried out within the hilly region of the Belgian Ardennes. Precipitation fields are simulated for pixels of 10 × 10 km2 resolution. Uncertainty analyses in the simulated fields focus on (1) the number of previous simulation hours on which the new simulation is conditioned, (2) the advection speed of the rainfall event, (3) the size of the catchment considered, and (4) the rain gauge density within the catchment. The results for a synthetic experiment show for typical advection speeds of >20 km h−1, no uncertainty is added in terms of across ensemble spread when conditioned on more than one or two previous simulations. However, for the real world experiment, additional uncertainty can be still added when conditioning on a higher number of previous simulations. This is, because for actual precipitation fields, the dynamics exhibit a larger spatial and temporal variability. Moreover, by thinning the observation network with 50%, the added uncertainty increases only slightly. Finally, the first order autocorrelation coefficients show clear temporal coherence in the time series of the areal precipitation using the time-dependent multivariate conditional simulations, which was not the case using the time-independent univariate conditional simulations.
Assessment of a physical-biogeochemical coupled model system for operational service in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Wan Z. , She J. , Maar M. , Jonasson L. , Baasch-Larsen J.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Thanks to the abundant observation data, we are able to deploy the traditional point-to-point comparison and statistical measures in combination with a comprehensive model validation scheme to assess the skills of the biogeochemical model ERGOM in providing an operational service for the Baltic Sea. The model assessment concludes that the operational products can resolve the main observed seasonal features for phytoplankton biomass, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus and dissolved oxygen in euphotic layers, as well as their vertical profiles. This assessment reflects that the model errors of the operational system at the current stage are mainly caused by insufficient light penetration, excessive organic particle export downward, insufficient regional adaptation and some of improper initialization. This study highlights the importance of applying multiple schemes in order to assess model skills rigidly and identify main causes for major model errors.
Short-term variations of thermohaline structure in the Gulf of Finland
Authors: Liblik T. , Lips U.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. We present and analyze high-frequency observational data of thermohaline structure and currents acquired in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) using an autonomous buoy profiler and a bottom mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler in July–August 2009. Vertical profiles of temperature and salinity were measured in the upper 50-m layer with a time resolution of 3 h and vertical profiles of current velocity and direction were recorded with a time resolution of 10 min. Although high temporal variations of the vertical temperature and salinity distributions were revealed, it was possible to define several periods with quasi-stationary vertical thermohaline structure. These quasi-stationary stratification patterns lasted from 4 to 15 days and were dominated by certain hydrophysical processes – upwelling, relaxation of the upwelling, wind induced reversal of the estuarine circulation, estuarine circulation, and downwelling. Vertical profiles of current velocities supported the concept of synoptic-scale quasi-stationary periods of hydrophysical fields. The periods with distinct layered flow structures and current oscillations with the prevailing period of 26 h were revealed. A simple model, where the heat flux through the sea surface, wind mixing, wind induced transport (parallel to the horizontal salinity gradient) in the upper layer and estuarine circulation were taken into account, simulated the observed changes in the vertical stratification reasonably well. The largest discrepancies between the observations and model results were found when water movement across the Gulf and associated vertical displacement of isopycnals (upwelling or downwelling) were dominant processes.
Numerical tools to estimate the flux of a gas across the air-water interface and assess the heterogeny of its forcing functions
Authors:   V. M. N. de C. da S. Vieira
Published: March 2012

Abstract. A numerical tool was developed for the estimation of gas fluxes across the air water interface. The primary objective is to use it to estimate CO2 fluxes. Nevertheless application to other gases is easily accomplished by changing the values of the parameters related to the physical properties of the gases. A user friendly software was developed allowing to build upon a standard kernel a custom made gas flux model with the preferred parametrizations. These include single or double layer models; several numerical schemes for the effects of wind in the air-side and water-side transfer velocities; the effect of turbulence from current drag with the bottom; and the effects on solubility of water temperature, salinity, air temperature and pressure. It was also developed an analysis which decomposes the difference between the fluxes in a reference situation and in alternative situations into its several forcing functions. This analysis relies on the Taylor expansion of the gas flux model, requiring the numerical estimation of partial derivatives by a multivariate version of the collocation polynomial. Both the flux model and the difference decomposition analysis were tested with data taken from surveys done in the lagoonary system of Ria Formosa, south Portugal, in which the CO2 fluxes were estimated using the IRGA and floating chamber method whereas the CO2 concentrations were estimated using the IRGA and degasification chamber. Observations and estimations show a remarkable fit.
PRÁTICAS DE ENSINO NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR:REALIDADES E PERSPECTIVAS PARA A FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Lopes Chaysther Andrade , Agrícola Nestor Persio Alvim , Macedo Keila Márcia Ferreira
Published: March 2012

O presente artigo trata de uma pesquisa realizada com os professores de Educação Física escolar da rede pública na região sul de Goiás, com o propósito de verificar e analisar os elementos que compõem a prática pedagógica e seu referencial predominante. Dentre as variáveis do processo didático, foram identificadas três: objetivos e finalidades; estratégias e conteúdos; avaliação e ancoragem. A prática pedagógica encontra-se em processo de transformação. Essa transitoriedade diz respeito à passagem do paradigma técnico desportivo para a orientação progressista e configura-se, neste momento, como ação confusa, contraditória e ambígua.
REALIDADE EDUCACIONAL DAS ESCOLAS RURAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE JATAÍ -GO
Authors: Dos Santos Silva João Paulo
Published: March 2012

Objetiva-se por meio do presente texto elucidar a realidade educacional das escolas localizadas na área rural do município da Jataí - GO. Entende-se que a organização das escolas deve pautar-se nos interesses e anseios da população que ela atende. Com isso, as escolas que atendem a população camponesa devem ser organizadas, no que se refere à seleção de conteúdos, didática e proposta pedagógica, de acordo com a realidade camponesa. Nesta perspectiva, se o trabalho com a terra e com os animais é uma realidade para a população que vive em área rural, nada mais lógico que as escolas ali localizadas trabalhem os conteúdos das disciplinas português e matemática, entre outras, mas que também abordem conteúdos agronômicos, zootécnicos e veterinários. Além das disciplinas técnicas da ciência da terra, alguns conteúdos relativos à sociologia rural devem também ser abordados nessas escolas, permitindo assim que o camponês possa conhecer e refletir sobre a história de luta das populações camponesas. Os estudos de Silva (2010) e Leal e Carvalho (2009) indicam que as escolas que atendem a população camponesa no município Jataiense são escolas citadinas inseridas no meio rural. Segundo esses autores a escola localizada no campo em Jataí, segue o mesmo modelo de organização das escolas da cidade, desconsiderando assim as peculiaridades da vida do camponês. Outra consideração que pode ser feita sobre a organização dessas escolas é a respeito das suas gestões. Até no ano de 2008, a Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) administrava todas as escolas no campo, porém, a partir de 2009 essas escolas passaram a ser geridas por meio da gestão compartilhada entre a (SME) e a Secretaria Estadual de Educação (SEE). No decorrer do texto os detalhes do convênio da gestão compartilhada serão apontados de forma mais pontual.
A ATUALIDADE DA METODOLOGIA ANARQUISTA DE EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES ACERCA DO CONSTRUTIVISMO E DA PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Guedes dos Santos Marconi Juliana , Bezerra Neto Luiz
Published: March 2012

Sem a pretensão de comparar ou fazer aproximações entre as educações proferidas e defendidas pelos anarquistas e qualquer outra nos dias atuais, busca-se neste texto refletir acerca da atualidade da metodologia anarquista de educação a partir da análise desta em relação às teorias construtivistas de educação. O texto inicia com a explanação acerca das teorias que compõem o caminho histórico desde meados do século XVIII, quando o anarquismo começa a dar os primeiros passos, até o início do século XXI, quando despontam as teorias pós-modernas de educação. Com relação ao anarquismo, lida-se aqui com as vertentes que mais explicitam o idealismo contemporâneo de seu desenvolvimento já que sugerem a educação como ferramenta principal de transformação social. Em seguida, trata-se da disseminação de tais teorias educacionais no Brasil e da chegada dos ideais escolanovistas no país, contemporaneamente ao fechamento das instituições paulistas de educação anarquista. A evolução dos ideais escolanovistas para o construtivismo permite a continuidade da trajetória desembocando, por fim, em uma breve análise da atual transição para as teorias pós-modernas de educação. Esse caminho permitiu o levantamento de cinco categorias que evidenciam a presença dos ideais anarquistas de educação no contexto brasileiro atual, sendo a) A psicologia infantil e o foco no indivíduo; b) A relação entre jogo e trabalho; c) A experiência como atividade fundamental no processo educativo; d) A importância do meio social e/ou comunitário; e) O papel do educador. No caminhar do século XVIII ao XXI, espera-se, portanto, incitar a discussão sobre a atualidade da metodologia anarquista de educação, mostrando que o passado faz-se cada vez mais presente no cenário educacional.
A COMISSÃO PASTORAL DA TERRA E O “APRENDIZADO SOCIAL” CONSTRUÍDO A PARTIR DA EXPERIÊNCIA NA FAZENDA ESTIVA/ SÃO JOÃO DO BUGRE- GO1
Authors: Alves Amone Inacia
Published: March 2012

Este artigo é fruto de uma investigação de cunho etnográfico, cujo eixo norteador pretendeu mostrar como se constituiu o Assentamento São João do Bugre (GO), antiga Fazenda Estiva, abordando a ocupação e os conflitos ocorridos naquele período a partir de uma leitura dos envolvidos: agentes pastorais e ocupantes. Para tanto, recorremos às fontes orais, mostrando os embates presentes em todo o processo, destacando a realidade atual desse assentamento. Partimos do pressuposto de que a Igreja Católica, por intermédio da Comissão Pastoral da Terra – CPT – atuou muito mais do que prestando assessoria, mas participou ativamente em um processo formativo mais amplo. Com a finalidade de melhor explicitar essa problemática, embasamos o nosso olhar na Teoria do Campo, de Pierre Bourdieu, sobretudo quanto às categorias de habitus e capital, a fim de explicitar que de fato a CPT contribuiu para um novo habitus dos trabalhadores rurais em São João do Bugre, na medida em que atribuiu-lhes capital imprescindível para a sua trajetória.
PRÁTICA FAMILIAR E ESCOLAR NA ESCOLHA DO TRABALHO DO JOVEM
Authors: Batista da Silva Marcos Antonio
Published: March 2012

Este estudo é o resultado de uma pesquisa que aprofundou a discussão sobre a categoria juventude e as repercussões da prática familiar e escolar, na escolha do trabalho dos jovens e inserção laboral. O desenvolvimento deste estudo foi norteado pelo referencial teórico sócio-histórico. A pesquisa contou com 50 jovens participantes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 17 e 20 anos, estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, de escola pública, no município de Carapicuíba, SP, em busca do primeiro emprego. Para coletar as informações na escola dos participantes, utilizamos questionários e a técnica de grupo focal, além da nossa vivência com essa temática. A pesquisa teve duração de um ano, e seus resultados atendem às exigências para a obtenção do Mestrado em Psicologia Educacional. Como conclusão, inferimos que os resultados sinalizaram para a necessidade do fortalecimento da autoestima do jovem, para a necessidade de a escola assumir o propósito de prepará-lo para o mundo do trabalho, compreendendo o seu entorno social. Observamos ainda que a família, além de garantir sobrevivência e estabilidade emocional, necessita dar condições para o jovem fazer suas escolhas. Contudo, os jovens, apesar de estarem inseridos em uma sociedade que vive uma crise no mercado de trabalho com desemprego e falta de capacitação, valorizam o trabalho, seja para realização pessoal, fonte de renda, meio de ganhar independência ou como contribuição social. No que tange à inserção no mercado de trabalho, creditam como dificuldades a falta de experiência e capacitação inadequada frente às novas dinâmicas do trabalho.Palavras- chave: jovem; mundo do trabalho; escola; família
INSERÇÃO LABORAL DE JOVENS: REPERCUSSÕES DO COTIDIANO FAMILIAR E ESCOLAR
Authors: Batista da Silva Marcos Antonio
Published: March 2012

O artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre a categoria juventude e as repercussões da prática familiar e escolar, na escolha de trabalho de jovens e inserção laboral. Toma como principio que a categoria juventude é uma construção social, num contexto de diversidades socioculturais. Qualquer reflexão acerca dos espaços de convivência dos jovens se defronta com o debate sobre as contradições inerentes às questões sociais que se encontram circunscritas no bojo do modelo econômico e social adotado pelo Brasil. Participaram desta pesquisa qualitativa 50 Jovens do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, de escola pública de Carapicuíba - SP. Brasil, de ambos os sexos e faixa etária entre 17 e 20 anos. A coleta de dados incluiu questionário, entrevista e a técnica de grupo focal. A análise deste estudo mostrou que é importante olhar a escola como uma instituição que reproduz as mazelas sociais, mas também transforma essas mazelas e cria condições de mudança para o sujeito, como a vêem Freire e Gramsci. Apreende a família como espaço privilegiado para a formação dos valores essenciais à convivência no momento que o jovem está construindo sua identidade tanto pessoal como vocacional.
AULA DIFERENCIADA: MANUAL PEDAGÓGICO ALTERNATIVO PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NO 8º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Rezende Sueisla Lopes , Rezende Wender Lopes , Silveira Alves de Melo Fabiana Cristina , Pina Paulino Valquíria Coelho
Published: March 2012

Antes o cenário escolar era dominado pelo ensino tradicional, mesmo já existindo esforços de renovação. Com a influência do movimento Escola Nova, foram surgindo novas propostas para a renovação do ensino de Ciências. As variações de modalidades didáticas podem ampliar possibilidades de aprendizagem no ensino de ciências, pois pode atrair e interessar os alunos, atendendo às suas diferenças individuais. De acordo com Krasilchik (2008), qualquer curso deve incluir uma diversidade de modalidades didáticas, pois cada situação exige uma solução própria. Para o professor, quase não existem recursos disponíveis para que ele possa ministrar aulas diferenciadas, o que acaba acarretando em falta de motivação e vontade de aprender dos alunos. O interesse pelo assunto realização deste trabalho surgiu a partir da vivência, durante a realização do estágio supervisionado, da dificuldade dos professores em trabalhar os conteúdos de ciências de forma prática. Foram elaboradas 25 aulas diferenciadas. Através da seleção de conteúdos específicos trabalhados no conteúdo de Ciências do 8o ano do ensino fundamental, foi elaborado um manual pedagógico alternativo online com aulas diferenciadas, de forma a tornar o aprendizado mais motivante e significativo, apresentamos no presente estudo a análise da elaboração e os benefícios do uso deste manual.
DOCENTES ATUANTES EM UM CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Franzati Simone Gonçalves
Published: March 2012

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar os docentes atuantes em um curso de formação de professores, abordando a relação educador e aprendiz, o educador reflexivo e suas competências, processo de ensino e aprendizagem, em sala de aula, sendo que é um espaço onde se desenvolve um processo de interações e influências. Através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, saliento que o fracasso escolar no ensino básico em nosso país, atualmente, dentre alguns fatores é fruto de uma má formação no ensino superior. A análise apontou que o maior desafio de um docente atuante em um curso de formação de professores é lidar com a diversidade que ocorre dentro de sala de aula.
Epithelial Cell Dissemination and Readhesion: Analysis of Factors Contributing to Metastasis Formation in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hekimian Katya , Meisezahl Sandra , Trompelt Kristin , Rabenstein Carola , Pachmann Katharina
Published: March 2012

Although considerable progress has been achieved in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the live-saving effect of mammography has hardly been measurable and the benefit of taxanes regarded as highly active is still a matter of debate, possibly because treatment effects have hitherto been mainly determined from the solid part of the tumor, due to lack of measurability of the systemic part of the disease. Here, we have quantified the influence on the systemic disease, cells mobilized from the solid tumor. Increased numbers of circulating epithelial cells were observed in screened individuals and still higher numbers in breast cancer patients with repeated mammograms as compared to mammogram naïve individuals. Taxanes as part of the subsequent systemic treatment led to mobilization of tumor suspect cells in up to 78% cases and the majority of relapses have occurred in these patients. Surgery-induced activation of disseminated cells may additionally contribute to metastasis formation.
The Incidence of Various Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Measured by Commercial-Based Laboratory, with Recurrent Spontenous Abortion and the Impact of Their Profiles on Reproductive Outcome with Active Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Umehara Nagayoshi , Tanaka Tadao
Published: March 2012

Objective. To investigate the incidence of various antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), measured by commercial-based laboratory, with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients and the impact of the species, isotype, titer, and number of positive aPLs on reproductive outcome in Japanese.Method. In this retrospective cohort study, 263 patients with RSA without possible causes were investigated. Of 131 patients with one or more positive aPL, 82 pregnant women under anticoagulant therapy were evaluated.Results. The incidence of various aPLs was almost consistent with previous report. Overall, successful pregnancy rate with anticoagulant therapy was 91.4% regardless of aPL profiles. There was no significant difference in the pregnancy maintenance rate between IgG and IgM groups or single positive and multiple positive groups, but there was a tendency for the rate with aspirin to be lower than with aspirin plus heparin in IgG group.Conclusion. aPL profile did not affect the pregnancy maintenance rate when anticoagulant therapy was actively introduced, however in IgG group, we recommend combination therapy with aspirin and heparin.
Geometric Structure of 3D Spinal Curves: Plane Regions and Connecting Zones
Authors: Berthonnaud E. , Hilmi R. , Dimnet J.
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a new study of the geometric structure of 3D spinal curves. The spine is considered as an heterogeneous beam, compound of vertebrae and intervertebral discs. The spine is modeled as a deformable wire along which vertebrae are beads rotating about the wire. 3D spinal curves are compound of plane regions connected together by zones of transition. The 3D spinal curve is uniquely flexed along the plane regions. The angular offsets between adjacent regions are concentrated at level of the middle zones of transition, so illustrating the heterogeneity of the spinal geometric structure. The plane regions along the 3D spinal curve must satisfy two criteria: (i) a criterion of minimum distance between the curve and the regional plane and (ii) a criterion controlling that the curve is continuously plane at the level of the region. The geometric structure of each 3D spinal curve is characterized by the sizes and orientations of regional planes, by the parameters representing flexed regions and by the sizes and functions of zones of transition. Spinal curves of asymptomatic subjects show three plane regions corresponding to spinal curvatures: lumbar, thoracic and cervical curvatures. In some scoliotic spines, four plane regions may be detected.
Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations during Cold Storage of Raw Milk
Authors: Munsch-Alatossava Patricia , Gauchi Jean-Pierre , Chamlagain Bhawani , Alatossava Tapani
Published: March 2012

Psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk are most well known for their spoilage potential and cause significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Despite their ability to produce several exoenzyme types at low temperatures, psychrotrophs that dominate the microflora at the time of spoilage are generally considered benign bacteria. It was recently reported that raw milk-spoiling Gram-negative-psychrotrophs frequently carried antibiotic resistance (AR) features. The present study evaluated AR to four antibiotics (ABs) (gentamicin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) in mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial populations recovered from 18 raw milk samples, after four days storage at C or C. Robust analysis of variance and non parametric statistics (e.g., REGW and NPS) revealed that AR prevalence among psychrotrophs, for milk samples stored at C, often equalled the initial levels and equalled or increased during the cold storage at C, depending on the AB. The study performed at C with an intermediate sampling point at day 2 suggested that (1) different psychrotrophic communities with varying AR levels dominate over time and (2) that AR (determined from relative amounts) was most prevalent, transiently, after 2-day storage in psychrotrophic or mesophilic populations, most importantly at a stage where total counts were below or around  CFU/mL, at levels at which the milk is acceptable for industrial dairy industrial processes.
The Russian-Speaking Jewish Diaspora in Translation: Liudmila Ulitskaia'sDaniel Stein, Translator
Authors: Levantovskaya Margarita
Published: March 2012

Liudmila Ulitskaia's 2006 novel,Daniel' Shtain, pervodchik(Daniel Stein, Translator), explores the experience of the Russian-speaking diaspora in the aftermath of World War II through a focus on Jewish immigrants in Israel who convert to Christianity. The novel's treatment of the divisive topic of Jewish to Christian conversion is enabled by the author's reliance on the theoretical and allegorical values of translation. Evoking advancements in twentieth-century translation studies through its broad treatment of translation and critique of the investment in the notion of fidelity to the original, be it language or identity, the novel advocates for the acceptance of the transformations and the resulting hybridity of the Jewish diasporic self.Daniel Stein, Translatorspecifically highlights the influence of the Soviet nationalities policies and the Nazi occupation of eastern Europe on the identity metamorphoses of Soviet Jews. By promoting the legitimacy of the expressions of Jewish identity by immigrants from the USSR through her novel, Ulitskaia proposes an expanded and anti-essentialist view of Jewish identity that would include individuals traditionally viewed as apostates.