bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ریاستِ مدینہ میں بازاروں کی نگرانی (مانیٹرنگ) کا تصور اور اس کی عصری معنویت : تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: Gadoon Saeedulhaq jadoon , Khan Ijaz
Published: March 2021

The monitoring system in state departments/institutions is extremely significant and important in any setup/government. The working of the state system becomes coherent and meaningful, and institutions and organizations become proactive under effective monitoring. Also, in the masses, it encourages trust in state and state departments/organizations, and a healthily prosperous society develops. In a society without a proficient monitoring system, institutions become  victim of inefficiency, negligence,  and lack of interest and lethargy, and thus become meaningless and ineffective. In today’s world monitoring is given its due weight, and the services of various agencies/organizations are hired for the purpose of monitoring. The concept of monitoring (and accountability) is not a new one, however; Islam introduced the idea   earlier when the world was ignorant of it at large.  It is evident from the records of the holy life of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that he himself held monitoring absolutely important. In the state of Madina prophet (SAW) himself monitoried the market Groceries and its rates.market monitoring is very important for the Control of inflation.

 From various historical accounts, it is clear that the four Pious Caliphs made the system of monitoring more established and organized according to the specific conditions and needs of their times, Specially in the monitoring of market they organized a proper system. Their principle of market monitoring is an example that still can and should be followed. In the present  Reseach study, a survey/analysis of the concept and principles of  market monitoring prevalent during the holy life of the Prophet and the early caliphate system is given. In the light of/From the perspective of these guiding principles, an analysis of the modern system of  market monitoring and its utility/practicality is presented.
تعزیری جرائم کےلئے سزاکا قیام: ایک شرعی جائزہ
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Anees Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Islam is the religion of peace. Islamic law describe a complete and comprehensive law of punishment for the eradication of crimes and maintenance of peace. According to Islamic law, the punishments can be classified under three main categories: Al-Hudud (fixed punishments), Al-qisas (Retaliation), and Al-Taazir (discretionary). Hudud means the punishment which has been specified in the Holy Quran and Sunnah and no individual or group has the right to amend or abrogate it. The second is Qisas, which means the equal retaliation of an aggression committed against the body of a person. The third Kind of Islamic legal punishment is Taazir, it means, a crime for which The Holy Quran and Sunnah have not fixed any punishment, instead, have left it to the discretion of the judges.

But in the recent era, many of the Muslim countries don’t leave the punishments of the penal crimes (Taaziraat) to the discretion of the Judges, each Muslim state restrict the rights of the Judge to give punishment at his own’s discretion, and legislating for the punishments of penal crimes (Taaziraat), and make the Judges abide by a particular measure of punishment for penal crimes (Taaziraat).

In this articles, we will analyze the above mentioned issue in the light of Islamic principles, that what, it is lawful for any Muslim state to legislate for the punishment of penal crimes or not?
ارھاصات ومبشرات کےضمن میں منتخب سیرت نگاروں کے طرز بیاں کا تقابلی جائزہ
Authors: Ahmed Kh. Awais , Khan Muhammad Luqman
Published: March 2021

The Irhaasaat & Mubashirat signs of prophecy are those extraordinary and surprising events that have appeared before the birth of the Holy Prophet (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) until the time of   prophethood. The main purpose of those signs was to indicate the birth of Holy Prophet(صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم).Those "Irhaasaat" are the predictions of the  priests or monks of 'Ahl e kitaab,the events happened in Arab like the incident of As’haab e feel those  happened with Prophet Muhammad(صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم),and the dreams of Holy Prophet(صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم).These events are described circumstantially  in the books of 'Seerat' and history. Every biographer discusses and explains merits of those events in his own style and reference to the context. For example, out of the three books under study, Al-Rawd Ul-Unf gives a brief description of the text, different narrations, interpretation of difficult words and explanation of ambiguity.Ibn Hisham discusses the previous topic in detail to explain the new event to make it semantically understandable.Imam Zahabi cares most about the authenticity of  the "rivayah",briefly discusses the incidents and only gives importance to the events related directly to Holy Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم).Since Allama Suyuti adopted the style of describing miracles and signs of Prophethood in Al-Khasais Ul-Kubra,so we can easily find the Irhaasaat of life of Prophet (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) and events before his birth related to  the context of our subject
Practising shared decision making in primary care
Authors: Lee Ping Yein , Ng Chirk Jenn
Published: March 2021

Making healthcare decisions collaboratively between patients and doctors can be challenging in primary care, as clinical encounters are often short. Conflicts between patients and doctors during the decision-making process may affect both patient and doctor satisfaction and result in medicolegal consequences. With the increasing recognition of the importance of patient empowerment, shared decision making (SDM) can serve as a practical consultation model for primary care doctors (PCDs) to guide patients in making informed healthcare choices. Although more research is needed to find effective ways to implement SDM in the real world, the 6-step approach presented in this paper can guide PCDs to practise SDM in their daily practice. Implementation of SDM can be further enhanced by incorporating SDM training into undergraduate and postgraduate curricula and using evidence-based tools such as patient decision aids.
गिरीश पंकज के व्यंग्य उपन्यास ‘पालीवुड की अप्सरा’ व ‘माफिया’ में छत्तीसगढ़ी कहावत (लोकोत्तियों)
Authors: पाण्डेय ज्योति , डडसेना दुर्गा
Published: March 2021

गिरीश पंकज के व्यंग्य समाज को सच्चाई का आईना दिखाने का कार्य एक सफाई कर्मी की तरह तो किया है, साथ ही एक डाॅक्टर की तरह उसका समाधान भी प्रस्तुत किया है। गिरीश पकंज के व्यंग्य साहित्य में समाज के आस-पास के अनुभुत विषय ही दृष्टि गोचर होते है। जिससे पाठक के मन में एक प्रश्न उठता है कि इस पाठ्य वस्तु में जो पात्र है, वह हमीं तो नहीं? इस प्रकार गिरीष पंकज के व्यंग्य हमे जीवतंता का एहसास भी कराते हैं और अपने आप को सुधार करने पर मजबूर भी करते है। इस प्रकार गिरीष पंकज ने अपने व्यंग्य व व्यंग्य साहित्य को एक दिशा प्रदान की है।
Application of Total Quality Management in Central Library of NIT, Raipur Chhattisgarh
Authors: Asher Manjusha Dolly , Ahmed Mohammed  Imtiaz
Published: March 2021

This study examines the TQM in services provided by Central Library, NIT, Raipur. A well structured 200 questionnaires were collected from users of Central Library, NIT, Raipur. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of TQM being observed, use of information resources and services provided by Central Library, NIT, Raipur. Identifies the levels of use of various services provided. Highlights problems faced by the users and shows satisfaction level of users with central library collection. Suggestions have been given to make the TQM in service more beneficial for the academic community of NIT.
Rethinking about Tribal Marriage, Family and Kinship of Chhattisgarh State (With special reference to tribes of base camp in Dantewada district)
Authors: Gajpal L.S.
Published: March 2021

Present paper is based on the findings of major research project “Tribal life in base camp and structural change.” Researcher has been try to find out what are the factor responsible for migration of large number of tribal people from native places to nearby the district and block head quarters. The study is focused on impact of migration on tribal marriage and family in base camp. A comparative study of social life of tribal people before coming in base camps and changes after boarding in base camps. The findings of the study show that due to naxal movement and residing in the base camp tribal marriage, family and kinship system is highly affected.
Poverty and Indebtedness Among Birhore Tribes in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sethi Archana
Published: March 2021

Birhore is one of the special backward caste declared by the Government . Mainly BIrhore tribe were lived in Bilaspur regionof undivided Madhya Pradesh. Majority of these people were found in Raigadh and Jaspur district of Chhattisgarh. After 67 years of independence ,India has progressed in the field of economy ,culture as well as socially under the umbrella of globlisation.When we look at the scheduled tribes of India ,we find that they are far away from these developments .So,development of these people is a must,for the socio-economic development of the Country. This is a very difficult task but not an impossibleone, These activities required hardwork hard,patience and desireness It is clear from the income and expenditure analysis of the Birhore people that 100%people are living below the poverty line .Major portion of their income is used for food. With the help of this study I will try to find what is the position of Indebtedness and poverty of Birhore tribes and what they actually need for consumption and their development. people. If some people get benefits from development programme and majority people not get benefits ,then these programme is failed to satisfy the welfare.
मोबाइल फोन का स्वास्थ्य पर प्रभाव (समाजशास्त्रीय संदर्भ में)
Authors: तिवारी अहिल्या
Published: March 2021

वर्तमान समाज आधुनिक आविष्कारों के कारण भौतिक उपकरणों के गुलाम होता जा रहा है। विभिन्न भौतिक साधनों के उपयोग से व्यक्ति श्रमहीन होता जा रहा है। कहीं न कहीं ये उपकरण हमारे, स्वास्थ्य को प्रभावित कर रहे है। मोबाइल फोन एक सरल, सहज एवं बहु-उपयोगी उपकरण है। मोबाइल फोन एक छोटा उपकरण है मगर कार्य करने के लिए उन सूक्ष्म तंरगों को अवशोषित करता है जो मानव हड्डी को भेद सकता है, जिसे विकिरण कहा जाता है। आज विश्व में मोबाइल फोन पर जितने भी अनुसंधान हो रहे हैं उसमें से मानव स्वास्थ्य पर मोबाइल फोन के प्रभाव को अधिक महत्व दिया जा रहा है। मोबाइल फोन सभी आयु वर्ग के लोगों के स्वास्थ्य के लिए नुकसानदायक है क्योंकि मोबाइल फोन का अधिक उपयोग शरीर के बाह्य अंगों के अलावा शरीर के आंतरिक अंगों को भी प्रभावित करता है। कम उम्र के बच्चों के दिमाग के विकास में अवरोध उत्पन्न करने में भी मोबाइल फोन का उपयोग उत्तरदायी है।
Impact of Displacement on Displaced Families A Study of New Raipur Capital Project of Chhattisgarh State
Authors: Markam Chandni , Gajpal L.S.
Published: March 2021

The research paper is based on impact of displacement on displaced families of New Rajdhani project of Chhattisgarh state. The study is mainly based on 217 families of a fully displaced 04 villages Rakhi, Navagaon, Khapri and Kayabandha. Interview-schedule has been compiled from 217 families selected through purposive sampling. The study mainly focuses on what effect did displacement have on the displaced families? It has been known from the study that in the absence of better rehabilitation as a result of displacing, many problems arose for the displaced families, in which problem of livelihood, problem of family disorganization, problem of socialization of children are main.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights from Literature Review
Authors: Deshmukh G.K. , Joseph Sanskrity , Sahu Asha
Published: March 2021

Corporate social Responsibility has become a buzz word in recent times. Its worldwide acceptance due to the social consciousness of enterprises coupled with legal orientation in developing countries like India has made it one of the most researched issue for researchers across continents. This paper is an attempt to review the development in the core concepts and theories which have been put forwarded by different researchers during the time period of 2010-2018. The paper undergoes a time series analysis for the selected period evaluating the evolution and impact assessment of CSR on core managerial concepts like marketing, finance and Human Resource management. The researchers after time series analysis have concluded that CSR is age long practice which has changed its orientation with the changes in objectives of business. It can be easily classified in three conceptual eras on the basis of its objectives. In the initial era it was a self-driven practice mainly influenced by the values of promoters of business. In the later stages it can be related with a business strategy of gaining goodwill. In the present era corporates have understood the value of societal obligation and it has again become a self-driven exercise. Further the impact of CSR has coupled with almost all functions of management which can be easily understood from the host of studies conducted during the selected period. The selected studies indicate that CSR has been instrumental in increasing net worth, customer satisfaction and employee retention.
Factors Affecting on Job Satisfaction level and Social Status among Library Professionals in Chhattisgarh.
Authors: Joshi Aditi , Sahu Harish Kumar
Published: March 2021

This paper examined job satisfaction levels among library professionals in Chhattisgarh region based on different affecting factors. This survey study is made up of 69 library Professionals in different 7 districts. The majority of the respondents are female library professionals (53.62%) while the rest are male professionals (46.38%). Among the sample of library professionals, 81.16 % are married and 18.84% are unmarried. A questionnaire was distributed by hand and through the mail for data collection and analyzed using excel. Job satisfaction is a very essential aspect that is often evaluated by organizations. The way of measurement is the use of an evaluation scale where librarians report their opinion to their jobs. Questions are connected with Nature of work Professional status, social status, motivation, Management support, and professional development. As a result of a study by calculation of mean; most of the library professionals are dissatisfied with their nature of work but moderately satisfy with Professional status, motivation and human resources. High social status affects their satisfaction level.
Mobile Shopping Adoption: Research Insights
Authors: Sahu Asha , Deshmukh G. K.
Published: March 2021

Mobile shopping is the new attraction among the customers and retailers. High tech life, smart connectivity, advanced mobile phones and busy lifestyles have paved the way of mobile shopping adoption. Mobile commerce is progression of e-commerce and mobile shopping is considered as a subset of m-commerce. Mobile shopping has created opportunity for retailers as well customers and has developed new means of marketing. In a past few decades’ mobile commerce industry has seen tremendous growth and mobile shopping is most desired applications of m-commerce. Though there is huge potential of mobile shopping but yet a long way is to be travelled in the emerging economies. Mobile shopping is at infancy stage in many developing nations and hence researchers can contribute more towards the literature of mobile shopping. This paper is an attempt to throw some light on mobile shopping adoption studies.
Academic Stress in relation to Personality, Locale and Gender
Authors: Sahu Lalita , Jha Meeta
Published: March 2021

School education is very important part in an individual’s life and is also a turning point in their academic life. Stress is a common factor among school students. Academic stress involves mental distress regarding anticipated academic challenges or failure or even the fear of the possibility of academic failure. A student’s life is subjected to different kinds of stressors such as the pressure of academics with a requirement of success, uncertain future and difficulties predict for integration into the system. In the present scenario academic stress is major factor that influence the students’ performance as well as their personality. The study investigated academic stress in relation to personality, locale and gender among higher secondary school students. A total of four hundred male and female students participated in this study from Baster district of Chhattisgarh. The sample was selected by using stratified random sampling technique. To assess the personality of the subjects, Eysenck’s Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and Academic Stress Scale for Students was used. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and regression analysis. The results show significant difference between academic stress and gender, academic stress and locale, personality and locale of students. No gender difference was found between the personality of male and female students. Results also indicated that boys experienced more academic stress as compared to girls. Similarly, non-tribal students experienced higher level of academic stress as compared to tribal students. The result of regression analysis showed that personality emerged out as a significant predictor of students’ academic stress explaining about 30.5% variation.
Pengaruh Perilaku Budaya Generasi Milleniial Menghadapi Revolusi Industri Terhadap Ruang Hunian Pribadi Dengan Studi Kasus ‘One Room Living’ Mahasiswa
Authors: Sulistyawati Dwi
Published: March 2021

Setiap individu atau pribadi sedang menghadapi konflik ketika menghadapi Revolusi Industri yang sedang berkembang saat ini, yaitu antara Das Sein (apa yang kenyatanya terjadi atau realita) dan Das Sollen (apa yang seharusnya terjadi atau yang diharapkan) dalam memahami nilai budaya nasional akibat berubahnya fasilitas berupa seting fisik, dimana pribadi atau individu tersebut melakukan aktivitas dan berperilaku pada hunian ruang ataupun seting fisik dapat merubah perilaku penggunanya. Demikian halnya Mahasiswa sebagai individu atau pribadi pada posisi generasi millennial yang merupakan generasi pada usia produktif yang termasuk lahir pada tahun 1982-2004(Howe & Strauss) hadir pada pada masa kini. Karena Perkembangan budaya masa kini khususnya bagi mahasiswa generasi Millennial bisa membawa dampak yang cukup signifikan. Sehingga memiliki fenomena budaya yang terjadi dan dialami pada fase kehidupan mereka dalam mempengaruhi kualitas hidup dan lingkungannya dimana dia berada, oleh sebab itu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola perilaku beraktivitas mahasiswa sebagai pengguna dari latar belakang generasi Millenial dalam perananannya sebagai individu atau pribadi dalam merespon ruang berupa One Room Livingini menggunakan metode Triangulasi dengan sumber, yaitu membandingkan dan mengecek balik derajat kepercayaan suatu informasi yang diperoleh melalui waktu dan alat yang berbeda dalam penelitian kualitatif. Ada dampak kemajuan teknologi pada revolusi industri yang berkembang dan menyebabkan perubahan karakter dan perilaku, karena dimanjakan oleh teknologi maka generasi Millennial mempunyai karakter yang instan, melakukan beberapa kegiatan dalam waktu bersamaan/multi talent.Dengan adanya perubahan karakter dan perilaku masyarakat pada generasi Millennial, maka dibutuhkan sarana dan prasarana sebagai wadah beraktifitas di ruang hunian yang compactdan multi fungsi. Kata kunci: Generasi Millennial, Pola Perilaku, seting fisik
250 Ma metagranitoid from Drangovo Village: a new discovery of Permo-Triassic magmatism in the Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Authors: Marchev Peter , Georgiev Stoyan , Raicheva Raya , Ichev Milan
Published: March 2021

This short communication reports a 251.4 ± 6.8 Ma age of a Permo-Triassic metagranitoid (augen gneiss) in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. The rock is intruded by the early Eocene Drangovo pluton and represents part of the upper metamorphic unit of the Kessebir dome. The analyzed sample has slightly peraluminous (ASI = 1.11) granitic composition with SiO2 = 70.6 wt.%. It is enriched in LILE and LREE and depleted in HREE, with a deep Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.49) anomaly consistent with garnet and plagioclase fractionation. The large number of xenocrystic zircons, along with the low (780 °C) crystallization temperature and petrochemical data, suggests significant assimilation of basement rocks by the granitic magma. The rock has a subduction-related signature.
Calcareous nannofossils from the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) in the Kladorub Formation (Kula tectonic zone, NW Bulgaria)
Authors: Granchovski Georgi
Published: March 2021

A detailed investigation into the calcareous nannofossils from the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian deposits of the Kladorub Formation (NW Bulgaria) has been carried out in order to examine their taxonomic content and test the applicability of cosmopolitan zonation schemes for this stratigraphic interval in the country. The Kladorub Formation is composed of silty to fine-sandy marlstones and rare marly limestones, occasionally interbedded with sandstone layers. The recovered nannofloras are abundant, taxonomically diverse and exhibit predominantly moderate preservation, which allowed precise taxonomic identifications and biostratigraphic analysis to be made. As a result, the presence of two previously undocumented, biostratigraphically significant taxa has been recorded (i.e., Eiffellithus parallelus and Ceratolithoides kamptneri). Consequently, the studied Upper Cretaceous sediments have been assigned to subzone UC15dTP (pars.)–subzone UC20dTP; in the uppermost 2 m of the section, the presence of zone NP1 has also been indicated, which is in concordance with previous authors’ data. Due to the lack of proper chronostratigraphic framework for the Kladorub Formation, top Uniplanarius trifidus and base Lithraphidites quadratus have, respectively, been used to approximate the Campanian/Maastrichtian and lower/upper Maastrichtian boundaries. The Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary, however, could not be drawn with precision, because it falls within a 6.5-m interval of non-exposure. The resulting biostratigraphic framework offers higher stratigraphic resolution than previously used local zonation schemes and allows correlation with coeval sedimentary successions from other parts of the Tethyan and Boreal realms.
Між колоніальністю і націоналізмом: генеалогії феміністичного активізму в Україні
Authors: Плахотнік Ольга , Маєрчик Марія
Published: March 2021

У цій статті ми пропонуємо нарис генеалогії фемінізмів в Україні 2007–2017 років, з особливою увагою до тих фемінізмів, які встановлюють множинні зв’язки між нацією, державою, неолібералізмом, колоніальністю, війною, сексуальністю, циснормативністю. Цей текст — приклад ситуйованого знання, продукованого зсередини досліджуваного поля. Він базується на нашій залученості в активізм і віддзеркалює наш тривалий пошук мови для аналізу фемінізмів в Україні як простору, який заведено означувати через геотемпоральні категорії східноєвропейськости, пострадянськости, постсоціалізму чи глобального півдня.
Розплутати клубок мілітаризму: феміністичний аналіз і спротив
Authors: Енло Синтія
Published: March 2021

Мілітаризм – це клубок різних ідей. Багато ідей, які входять у набір мілітаризму, стосуються того, що значить бути «мужнім» і що робити, аби мати вигляд «пристойної жінки». Зачепіть одну з цих мілітаризованих ґендерних ідей – і ви почнете розплутувати весь клубок… Якщо не ставити феміністичних питань, зрозуміти мілітаризм неможливо. Неможливо зрозуміти його впливовості й принадності для людей.
«Пастка толерантності», або Крок вперед і два назад
Authors: Гнедкова Ганна
Published: March 2021

«Пастка толерантності» полягає в тому, що ті, кого толерують, погоджуються бути толерованими, а отже – асимільованими, припасованими, нівельованими Іншими. Рух ЛҐБТК, на думку Волтерс, призабув не тільки оригінальне значення «толерантності», на яку був змушений пристати, а й свої оригінальні вимоги: повагу до відмінностей, а не всупереч відмінностям, досягнення повних – а не часткових і окремих – прав у громадянському суспільстві.
“European Others”: Сonstruction of Europeanness and Logics of Racialization
Authors: Pagulich Lesia
Published: March 2021

The book European Others, by pointing out race as inherent to current European thought, disrupts the dominant narrative of Europe as a raceless continent and reminds that the concept of race and race-based policies inherent to colonial empires originated in Europe and were exported all over the world, while Europe remains marginal in discussions of race and racism, especially in relation to the U.S., which is regarded as a center of racism. The book contributes to scholarly and activist discussions of European forms of racialization that obtain little attention because of their deviation from the dominant discourse around race, whereas racelessness maintains racial thinking and its effects invisible. In its discussion of race, the book situates Europe within the wider context of colorblind ideologies and characterizes it by the combination of race and religion, and the externalization of racialized populations, while producing a homogeneous European entity, however, portrayed as an “inclusive” and “postnational” community.
Linking Quality Management Practices with Performance of Manufacturing Industries in Tanzania
Authors: Mgwatu Mussa I.
Published: March 2021

Local products of manufacturing industries in Tanzania are subjected to intense competition in the markets. Product quality is one of key factors that play a considerable role for manufacturing industries to win the competitive advantage. This paper attempts to analyse the extents of quality management practices (QMP) and manufacturing performance (MP) as well as to examine the linkage between practices and performance. Data was collected from seventy-eight (78) manufacturing industries in Dar es Salaam region using questionnaires comprising of both single-item and multi-item questions. Descriptive statistics was used to quantify the extent of quality management practices and manufacturing performance (MP) of the industries. Factor analysis was used to reduce the scale items of QMP and MP into few underlying factors representing the items without loss of information. As a consequence, four QMP and two MP factors were identified. A correlation analysis was used to evaluate the effect of QMP on the performance of manufacturing industries. The findings show that most of manufacturing industries in Tanzania are large in scale and owned by private companies. Among these industries, many of them are dealing with food, beverage and tobacco products. The extent of quality management practices and manufacturing performance are favourable. Further to that, quality management practices mainly quality commitment significantly correlates with both operational and financial performance. This can be seen as a positive indication of the top management commitment in quality issues throughout the supply chain in supporting customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, flexibility in production quantity and overall product quality. Thus, local manufacturing industries should utilise the quality management and performance strengths to produce high-quality products that will penetrate into the markets. In addition, enforcement on the implementation of quality management tools and methods is required for the purpose of realising reasonable operational and financial performance while winning the competitive advantage.
Land Use/Cover Change and their Impacts on Streamflow in Kikuletwa Catchment of Pangani River Basin, Tanzania
Authors: Msovu Upendo E. , Mulungu Deogratias M.M. , Nobert Joel K. , Mahoo Henry
Published: March 2021

Streamflow perturbation is highly prevalent in Kikuletwa catchment. However, little is known concerning land use/cover change (LULCC) with regard to streamflow perturbation in the catchment. This study aims to detect the historical and predict future LULCC and assess their impacts on streamflow amounts using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Supervised classification of Landsat imagery data for 1985, 2000 and 2015 years was done in ERDAS 14 Imagine software. Future prediction of LULCC was done using Module for Land Use Change Evaluation (MOLUSCE) tool, a QGIS plug-in. An accuracy ranging from 79% to 82% was obtained for all steps. The results revealed that, from 1985 to 2000; 1985 to 2015; 1985 to 2030 and 1985 to 2050 the percentage of area change in cultivated land is +21.1%; +29.2%; +38.2% and +42.7%, respectively; forest is - 2.3%, -3.1%, -3.8% and -5.8%, respectively; and shrubland is -6.3%, -10%, -15.7% and - 16%, respectively. The performance of SWAT model during calibration were 0.74, 0.75, 0.51 and -0.5% for NSE, R2, RSR and PBIAS, respectively. The impacts of LULCC indicated that, between 1985 to 2000; 1985 to 2015; 1985 to 2030 and 1985 to 2050, the percentage increase in average simulated annual flow is 4.7%, 6.8%, 12.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Surface runoff increased from 25.2 mm (baseline) to 34.5 mm (36.9%); 36.2 mm (42.4%); 41.4 mm (64.3%) and 47.6 mm (88.9%), respectively. Base flow decreased marginally from 82.2 mm (baseline) to 79 mm (-3.8%); 77.8 mm (5.4%); 75.4 mm (-8.3%) and 73.9 mm (- 10.1%), respectively. Thus, apart from climate effects, streamflow perturbation in the catchment is also related to disturbances of catchment influences such as LULCC as revealed in this study. The study is useful for land planners and water resources managers and policy makers in managing resources sustainably.
The Potentials of Faecal Sludge Treatment using Local Conditioners in Tanzania: A Review
Authors: Doglas Benjamin , Mayo Aloyce W. , Gabrielsson Sara , Kimwaga Richard
Published: March 2021

Worldwide, every day human beings generate millions of tons of Faecal Sludge (FS), which is rich in water, nutrients, energy, and organic compounds. Yet FS is not being managed in a way that permits us to derive value from its reuse, while at the same time, millions of farmers struggle with depleted soils and lack of water. In most of the developing countries, energy for cooking is mainly derived from cutting of trees, either as wood or charcoal. Resource recovery and reuse from FS can create livelihoods, enhance food security, support green economies, reduce waste and contribute to cost recovery in the sanitation chain. Many studies have reported on the different technologies used for FS treatment, such as dewatering and bio-stabilization. The commonly used dewatering technology is sand drying bed, which occupied a large space and has a low dewatering rate. To enhance the dewatering rate of FS as well as reducing the size of the sand drying bed, the use of chemical conditioners has been done. Despite the fact that they have been used successfully, chemical conditioners are expensive, have health and environmentally hazardous. In recent years, attempts have been made to use local conditioners to tackle the drawbacks experienced from chemical conditioners. Although the feasibility of applying local conditioners for FS dewatering has been studied, its potentials on FS treatment have not been well documented. This review indicates that there is potential for local conditioners linked with dewatering, enhancing of FS resources recovery and in reducing costs of operating and maintaining FS treatment plant. Moreover, local conditioners have the potential in contribution to socio-economic development in Tanzania through renewable energy production, income generation and food- health security, soil and water conservation, eco-sanitation and reduction of environmental degradation.
Performance Analysis of Renewable Energy Resources in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Solar Energy
Authors: Justo Jackson J. , Mushi Aviti T.
Published: March 2021

his paper presents an overview of the recent development trends of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and the performance in the Tanzanian context. The two types of solar power generation that are considered in this paper are: i) solar PV systems and ii) concentrated solar power (CSP). The two are compared in terms of cost of energy and energy storage mechanism. Moreover, the effect of ambient temperature on the solar PV module is analyzed. In addition, a detailed analysis on using solar axis tracking to increase the power generation is also presented. The extent to which the cell surface temperature and orientation of the solar module which determine the power generation is modeled. Since Tanzania has the possibility to utilize the solar irradiance in the Coastal region to generate solar power, and therefore it is selected as the case study in this paper.
Comminution Characteristics of Lithium Bearing Mica Ores From Different Devices
Authors: Wikedzi A. , Leibner T. , Fraszcrak T. , Peuker U.A. , Mutze T.
Published: March 2021

This paper highlights on the comminution and to the lesser extent liberation properties of two greisen-type lithium bearing-mica ores (L1, L2) subjected to different breakage devices; cone crusher (CC), roller crusher (RC), rotor beater mill (RBM) and a screen mill (SM). The particle size distributions (PSD) of the products from each device were evaluated to search for an appropriate PSD model using Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS) and Rosin-Rammler (RR) functions. To determine an appropriate function, coefficients of determination (R2 ) were used as a criterion. Due to budget constraint, only products from rotor beater mill (RBM) were examined for mineral liberation by an automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. It was found that RBM, RC and SM products were better described by the RR model than the GGS model with higher R2 values of 0.97 to 1.0. However, cone crusher products for L1 were better described by GSS model, while that for L2 were better described by RR model. In terms of the spread of size distribution as indicated by RR model parameters, RC products were more uniformly distributed compared to those from other devices, for both ores. Also the RBM products were more scattered than those from other devices. The results indicate that the composition of individual ores affected the comminution products PSDs as different PSD model parameters were obtained for samples comminuted by same devices. The modal mineralogy indicated that both ores are rich in quartz, topaz, zinnwaldite and muscovite. Furthermore, the result indicates that, for both ores, the zinnwaldite phase is more enriched in the fraction < 250 µm. Moreover, better liberation of zinnwaldite is observed for L1 compared to L2. This could be explained by differences of the two ores in three aspects; the nature of mineral association, reduction ratio of the fractions analysed and the spread of the size distribution.
Analysis of the Current Challenges for Deep Underground Mines: Labour Productivity Improvement
Authors: Greberg Jenny , Salama Abubakary
Published: March 2021

With much of the ore deposits close to the surface already discovered and mined, the mines are becoming deeper, and this brings multiple challenges. One of the challenges is the longer haul distance from active mining areas to the mine surface, hence longer transportation time of material and operators. Longer transportation time of operators may lead to the reduction of the labour productivity. Labour productivity in today’s mines is a key importance, and is currently dependent on together with other factors that operators should be at the vehicles or working area on time. There has been some development in mine automation, but the vast majority of underground mine operations are still in need of operators. Several methods are available and can be used to transport operators to the underground working areas. These methods include mine vehicles, mine taxis, mine buses, monorail, and shaft system. As mine depth increases, the method with higher labour productivity will be of much useful in operator’s transportation. The aim of this study is to investigate personal transportation methods for deeper underground operations by comparing labour productivity when using mine vehicle, mine taxi, mine buses, and monorail system. The results show that mine vehicle has higher labour productivity of up to 76% of available time, while mine buses have low labour productivity. It has been reveal that for shallow depth mines, a good option to improve labour productivity is to have few operators transported per cycle, while for deep mines, a transport system that is faster, accommodate few operators per cycle, less possibility to meet traffic will be the better option for labour productivity improvement.
Modeling and Control of Solar PV with Battery Energy Storage for Rural Electrification
Authors: Masenge Irene H. , Mwasilu Francis
Published: March 2021

In rural areas where electric power grid network is rarely available, power generation from renewable energy resource such as solar photovoltaic (PV) is mostly accomplished in standalone mode. The standalone solar PV system requires energy storage device to achieve reliable power supply to the end users. This paper presents modelling and coordination control of solar PV with battery energy storage system (BESS) for rural-electrification applications. The proposed control is accomplished via a bidirectional buck-boost converter with the objective of maintaining voltage at the DC bus constant. Simulation results based-on MATLAB/Simulink platform confirms good performance of the proposed system.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Rainfall and Streamflow in the Kikuletwa Catchment of Upper Pangani Basin, Tanzania
Authors: Msovu Upendo E. , Mulungu Deogratias M.M. , Nobert Joel K. , Valimba Patrick , Mahoo Henry
Published: March 2021

Streamflow and rainfall records from 1980 to 2015 as a (common period for the analyzed stations) were used to analyze the variations of rainfall and streamflow in the Kikuletwa catchment. Also, the analysis of the longest time series available at each station up to 2015 (referred to as the whole series in this study) was conducted to relate past rainfall and streamflow changes, at the tributaries of Kikuletwa River located above the Rundugai natural springs as recommended from previous studies. Various methods such as simple statistics of the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and graphs were used to analyze intra-annual variations. Multi-year variability was analyzed by trends and change point tests using MannKendall and Pettitt tests respectively. The results of the study revealed the spatial variation of rainfall which was related to elevation differences. The streamflow amounts were found to vary from upstream to downstream. The whole time series analysis of annual rainfall and streamflow amounts revealed a decrease in rainfall and streamflow amounts for almost all stations though a significant decrease was only observed at two stations located on the upstream (for rainfall) and two stations located above the Rundugai natural springs (for streamflow). During 1980 – 2015, trends analysis indicated significant decreasing trends only in annual rainfall amounts at the two stations located on the upstream of the catchment with Z values of -3.20 and -2.68. In contrast, average annual flow trends analysis indicated significant decreasing trends at four stations out of five with Z values of -2.52, -2.28, -1.99 and -3.4 and, at one station insignificant decreasing trend was observed. The findings revealed the existence of other catchment influences to the streamflow changes other than rainfall during 1980-2015. The study provides very useful information that decides the necessity for separating the climate and human influences to the streamflow changes to find the most influencing factor.
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION ON AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Baltazar Adam Krčelić", Amidžić Dragoljub ,   , Zaprešić, Croatia
Published: March 2021

The paper explores the diversification of agricultural enterprises, which seeks to extend basic farming activities to products of a higher degree of sophistication, such as the provision of catering and tourism services and the provision of entertainment, sports, educational and other facilities. The fundamental purpose of diversification is to ensure the growth and stability of farmers' businesses and to contribute to the rural development. The main objective of the paper is to identify factors of diversification and their correlation with socio-economic indicators. In addition to determining the extent to which they are present in improving the performance of agricultural enterprises and affect rural development. The results of the research will confirm the assumption that the inclusion of diversification in business practices of agricultural enterprises is a means of strengthening their performance while encouraging rural develompent.
SETTING UP INTEGRAL TOURIST PRODUCTS, OFFERING GREEN, ACTIVE AND HEALTHY 5* EXPERIENCES IN LANDSCAPE: MUNICIPALITY OF IVANČNA GORICA IN SLOVENIJA
Authors:   Dean at Landscape governance college GRM Novo mesto and Head of Research and development Institute Grm Novo mesto – center of biotechnic and tourism, Sevno, Colarič-Jakše Lea-Marija , Kutnar Urša ,   Student at Landscape governance college GRM Novo mesto, Sevno
Published: March 2021

Ivančna Gorica in Slovenija is rich with cultural heritage and natural resources. In 2018, it introduced apitourism, as the Carniolan bee was first found in Ivančna Gorica. One of the problems is that the tourist offer is dispersed and not connected enough. Another problem lies in the tourist providers who fail to cooperate and work together. Since there were no integral tourist products to be found, we surveyed 213 participants. Based on the survey we assembled products, pointed out the most attractive one and gave some guidelines for further development. In the article we present the suggestions for the integral tourist products more in detail, we show the results and how article can be a basis for further research. This approach and the analysis of setting up integral tourist products can contribute to new achievements and originality. Products can enter the market after undergoing a professional examination and an upgrade.
Semillero, semilla, seminia, semen-inis.
Authors: Jerez Cortés Guillermo , Salinas Silva Raúl
Published: March 2021

De acuerdo con (Moliner, 1998), etimológicamente, la palabra semillero (de semilla) significa un sitio donde se siembran y crían plantas para trasplantarlas luego. Semilla (del latín arcaico seminia, seminium) se relaciona con el latín semen-inis. “Formación que existe en el interior del fruto de la mayoría de las plantas que, puesta en condiciones adecuadas, es capaz de germinar y producir otras plantas de la misma especie”.
Referencias.
Authors: Lara Florián Jesus Leonardo
Published: March 2021

Se presentan las referencias consolidadas de los artículos publicados en este número.
Editorial 2
Authors: Lara Florián Jesus Leonardo
Published: March 2021

El desarrollo de los boletines de investigación como propuesta de divulgación considera diferentes hechos históricos, por ejemplo:“El Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia contiene los estudios históricos editados por la Real Academia de la Historia, difundiendo no sólo investigación, sino también el resto de sus actividades desde su creación en 1877” (Real academia de la historia,2019). Por otra parte, en el contexto de la educación dependiendo de la periodicidad y los contenidos se utiliza como medio de divulgación de actividades y resultados de investigación.
Relación entre la educación de calidad y los espacios de aprendizaje en la primera infancia.
Authors: Calderón Bueno Martha María , Orrego Guayabo Josué
Published: March 2021

El presente documento es un artículo de revisión bibliográfica en el tema de la educación y los ambientes educativos en Bogotá, Colombia. Es, igualmente, un avance de investigación actualmente desarrollada por los autores sobre tendencias en arquitectura escolar de la primera infancia. El documento aborda la importancia de los espacios de aprendizaje escolares bajo el enfoque innovador de la educación para el siglo XXI en Colombia. Esto se hace a través de una identificación de las tendencias formales presentadas en los proyectos educativos escolares en los concursos que promueve la Sociedad Colombiana de Arquitectos dentro del marco del nuevo modelo de educación de calidad, en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para tal efecto, la investigación se apoya en estudios relacionados con la importancia de proponer nuevos ambientes arquitectónicos escolares que permitan la comunicación adecuada del proyecto pedagógico.
Fuentes de información para justificación de mercado al registro calificado en Bogotá
Authors: Coronado Fajardo Melba
Published: March 2021

Este artículo de avances presenta información parcial relacionada con la investigación actualmente desarrollada por la autora, sobre el proceso de presentación y evaluación de registros calificados ante el Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Se enfoca en analizar las fuentes de información usadas para la construcción del registro. Aborda la escogencia por parte de las personas encargadas de hacer el registro entre las fuentes primarias o secundarias. También reflexiona sobre el proceso de obtención de dicha información y las dificultades en este. Se destaca que esta investigación estudia a los sujetos implicados de manera directa en el documento. Evidencia posturas y experiencias en los aspectos analizados. Genera cuestionamientos que pueden propiciar estudios en las IES (Instituciones de Educación Superior), nuevos mecanismos para generar oportunidades y que se basan en la información que se consolida en el documento de registro calificado.
Herramientas de hardware y software de uso libre para la Agricultura de Precisión
Authors: Tovar Soto Jhonatan Paolo , Hernández Meza Valentina , Matiz López Daniel Felipe , Patiño Patiño Antonio
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta una revisión de las herramientas de hardware y software de uso libre que son frecuentes en la agricultura de precisión. Para identificar estos elementos se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en diferentes bases de datos mediante la inclusión de términos que hacen referencia los dispositivos de hardware de uso libre y programas de software de código abierto que pueden estar involucrados en labores de automatización agrícola. Se rastreó la información en tres conjuntos de datos: TICS, hardware libre y software libre. Con estos datos recopilados, se determinó cuáles son los de mayor tendencia de uso, para así abordar una recopilación de su utilización en torno a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el sector agricultor. Para finalizar, se dan algunas apreciaciones sobre el uso de las herramientas encontradas haciendo especial énfasis en su beneficio para las labores agrícolas en Colombia.
Sistema móvil de orientación con síntesis de voz con discapacidades visuales en el área urbana del municipio de Fusagasugá
Authors: Cubides Adrián , Caicedo German , Paloma Esaú , Sotelo Fernando
Published: March 2021

Este proyecto está orientado al diseño e implementación de una aplicación móvil en el sistema operativo Android. El cual se basa en el potencial de estos dispositivos móviles para desarrollar un sistema de orientación por voz que incorpore geolocalización y que sea fácil de usar para personas en condición de discapacidad visual. La aplicación permitirá a los usuarios conocer su ubicación, sitios de interés y establecer rutas hacia estos destinos, consiguiendo así facilitar su desplazamiento en el área urbana de Fusagasugá. Se trata de un sistema guía, basado en el sentido de la audición.

Se da inicio al desarrollo de proyecto con la elección del sistema operativo móvil a utilizar, junto con las herramientas necesarias para su implementación, además de una metodología de desarrollo (Extreme Progamming). Posteriormente con base en los requerimientos utilizados para la creación de la plataforma y utilizando la metodología ágil previamente escogida se realizan una serie de reuniones y entrevistas que permiten adquirir nuevos requerimientos, los cuales proporcionan una mejor perspectiva de las necesidades del usuario respecto a la aplicación. Luego se realiza la codificación del aplicativo móvil en donde se implementa la funcionalidad requerida y posteriormente se establecen los algoritmos para realizar la conexión y envió de datos, y mediante una serie de pruebas se determina la validez del sistema.