bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations of Tamm modes in acoustic topological insulators
Authors: Liao Danwei , Yue Zichong , Zhang Zhiwang , Wang Hai-Xiao , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun
Published: May 2022

The existence of topologically protected boundary states in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model has been widely explored in various systems in the past decades. On the other hand, a seemingly irrelevant phenomenon of Tamm mode, a defect mode caused by elaborately introducing perturbation into the trivial structures, has also attracted enormous interest. In this Letter, we bridge the gap between acoustic Tamm mode and its correlation rule with typical topological acoustic mode. Starting from the 1D acoustic cavity-based SSH model, the topologically protected edge modes in a complete bandgap are achieved. Through modulating the height of boundary cavity, we find two types of Tamm edge modes both numerically and experimentally and grasp their distinct variation tendency from the topologically protected edge modes. Furthermore, we extend the study to 2D higher-order topological acoustic systems and the lower-dimensional Tamm corner modes are clearly observed. We foresee that the multi-frequency sound confinement introduced by the Tamm localized modes may open a revealing landscape for acoustic functional devices.
Tailored vortex lasing based on hybrid waveguide-grating architecture in solid-state crystal
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Wang Shixiang , Chen Zhixiang , Jia Yuechen , Zhang Weigang , Yao Yicun , Ren Yingying , Chen Feng , Liu Hongliang
Published: May 2022

We report a hybrid waveguide-grating vortex laser emitter processed based on femtosecond laser direct writing of the Nd:YVO4 crystal. The cladding waveguide together with the fork grating features both excellent single-mode guidance and vortex diffraction properties. The confocal micro-Raman characterization results reveal the mechanism of the periodic refractive index modulation of the fork grating. Vortex lasers at the milliwatt level are achieved at a wavelength of 1064.7 nm under optical pump laser at 809.3 nm. The numerical simulation of the near-field diffraction propagation demonstrates the generation process of the vortex beams. Our results suggest that the waveguide-grating configuration is of great potential for optical-field steering applications in integrated photonics.
Building an Innovation Hotspot
Authors: Cameron Alicia
Published: May 2022

How can you increase innovation at local levels and build new technology hotspots? Building an Innovation Hotspot outlines the approaches governments, communities and industry have used to stimulate innovation and examines the evidence behind them. It also identifies real-world examples where these approaches have worked and where they have failed.

As future industries will be built on new technologies – particularly digital technologies – the final chapters of this book consider how artificial intelligence, blockchain, augmented and virtual reality, and 3D printing might change not just where innovation occurs, but innovation itself. Stimulating innovation will be key to addressing our future needs in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic and in tackling the all-pervasive impacts of climate change.

This is an essential book for anyone looking to build their local economy and compete in a more globalised world connected by the next wave of digital technology.
End-User License Agreements (EULAs)
Authors: Ericson Jonathan D. , Albert William S. , Bernard Benjamin P. , Brown Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

An online survey (N = 810) examined the impact of design best practices on the perceived usability of End-User License Agreements (EULAs). Redesigning a EULA according to best-practices (without changing the EULA’s terms and conditions) led to higher perceived usability while responses to attitudinal (perceived reasonableness of conditions) and behavioral (anticipated agreement and use) items were unaffected. Readers (who reported reading EULAs frequently) (a) provided more positive evaluations of EULAs and (b) were more likely to anticipate agreeing to EULA terms than non-readers. These results suggest that best practices in document design can improve the usability of End-User License Agreements.
SMGL-1/NBAS acts as a RAB-8 GEF to regulate unconventional protein secretion
Authors: Wang Xianghong , Li Xinxin , Wang Junkai , Wang Jiabin , Hu Can , Zeng Jia , Shi Anbing , Lin Long
Published: May 2022

Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways are conserved across species. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate Golgi-bypassing UPS of integral proteins remain elusive. In this study, we show that RAB-8 and SMGL-1/NBAS are required for the UPS of integral proteins in C. elegans intestine. SMGL-1 resides in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and adjacent RAB-8-positive structures, and NRZ complex component CZW-1/ZW10 is required for this residency. Notably, SMGL-1 acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAB-8, ensuring UPS of integral proteins by driving the activation of RAB-8. Furthermore, we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection elevated the expression of SMGL-1 and RAB-8. Loss of SMGL-1 or RAB-8 compromised resistance to environmental colchicine, arsenite, and pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that the SMGL-1/RAB-8-mediated UPS could integrate environmental signals to serve as a host defense response. Together, by establishing the C. elegans intestine as a multicellular model, our findings provide insights into RAB-8-dependent Golgi-bypassing UPS, especially in the context of epithelia in vivo.
Thin film transistors and metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors based on GaN thin films grown by inductively coupled plasma metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yu Jiadong , Zhang Zixuan , Luo Yi , Wang Jian , Wang Lai , Li Xiang , Hao Zhibiao , Sun Changzheng , Han Yanjun , Xiong Bing , Li Hongtao
Published: May 2022

Gallium nitride (GaN) films with an almost single-crystalline quality, smooth surface, and high optical transmission were prepared at 580 °C using inductively coupled plasma metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (ICP-MOCVD) based on a showerhead structure. The GaN thin films with unintentional doping were used as the active layer in the production of thin-film transistors (TFTs) and metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors. TFTs had on-to-off current ratios of 6.3 × 103 and their output characteristics demonstrated the proper saturation behavior of transistors. The field-effect mobility was 3.79 cm2 (V s)−1. MSMs were visible blind, with a contrast of almost three orders of magnitude between ultraviolet and green light. The maximum responsivity was 34 mA W−1 with a 10 V bias voltage and a 325 nm illumination. When the bias voltage was >2 V, the quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power under 266 nm illumination reached >10% and <1

pW

(

H

z

1/2

)

−
1

, respectively. These findings suggest that the ICP-MOCVD technique has the potential to be used to fabricate (opto)electronic devices at low temperatures.
Modeling of CO2 conversion in low-pressure glow discharges in CO2-N2 mixtures
Authors: Naidis G V , Babaeva N Yu
Published: May 2022

An approach for evaluation of plasma parameters and conversion factor in glow discharges in CO2–N2 mixtures at low pressures is presented. In the framework of this approach, analytical expressions relating plasma characteristics (the electric field, the gas temperature) in discharges in the mixtures with those in pure CO2 have been obtained. It is shown that dissociation of CO2 molecules in collisions with electronically excited N2 molecules gives substantial contribution to the conversion rate. Obtained dependences of the plasma parameters and conversion factor on the nitrogen molar fraction agree with available experimental data.
Degradation of cotton stalk lignin by carbon dots loaded copper oxide synergistic emulsion system
Authors: Dong Han , Ding Lijie , Wu Lei , Mamatjan Yimit
Published: May 2022

Based on the realization of efficient utilization of cotton stalk lignin, the degradation of cotton stalk lignin by a CDs/CuO synergistic emulsion system was investigated. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with monoclinic crystal structure were prepared and carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by microwave method was combined with CuO. Under visible light, water and n-butanol were used to construct a water–oil (W/O) emulsion reaction system to achieved depolymerisation of lignin into small molecule compounds. The involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) makes the degradation of lignin in this system even more effective. The final high value-added monophenolic compound of 57.70 mg g−1 was obtained, among which the most abundant were six monophenolic compounds such as vanillin, eugenol and vinyl guaiacol and so on. The results of GC-MS and FTIR characterization indicated that H-type monomers were the main products of lignin degradation in this system. The process conditions for lignin hydrogenolysis in this system were optimized and the best ratio of CDs/CuO was obtained by product analysis. There were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and US–vis. The results show that CDs/CuO aggregates into flower clusters, in which CDs are uniformly distributed on the surface of rhomboidal CuO monoliths. The analysis shows that the doping of CDs improves the absorption efficiency of CuO in the visible region, while reducing the complexation of CuO photogenerated electrons and holes, which achieves the purpose of improved photocatalytic activity of CuO.
Relative stopping power resolution in time-of-flight proton CT
Authors: Krah Nils , Dauvergne Denis , Létang Jean Michel , Rit Simon , Testa Étienne
Published: May 2022

Objective. Proton computed tomography (CT) is similar to x-ray CT but relies on protons rather than photons to form an image. In its most common operation mode, the measured quantity is the amount of energy that a proton has lost while traversing the imaged object from which a relative stopping power map can be obtained via tomographic reconstruction. To this end, a calorimeter which measures the energy deposited by protons downstream of the scanned object has been studied or implemented as energy detector in several proton CT prototypes. An alternative method is to measure the proton’s residual velocity and thus its kinetic energy via the time of flight (TOF) between at least two sensor planes. In this work, we study the RSP resolution, seen as image noise, which can be expected from TOF proton CT systems.

Approach. We rely on physics models on the one hand and statistical models of the relevant uncertainties on the other to derive closed form expressions for the noise in projection images. The TOF measurement error scales with the distance between the TOF sensor planes and is reported as velocity error in ps/m. We use variance reconstruction to obtain noise maps of a water cylinder phantom given the scanner characteristics and additionally reconstruct noise maps for a calorimeter-based proton CT system as reference. We use Monte Carlo simulations to verify our model and to estimate the noise due to multiple Coulomb scattering inside the object. We also provide a comparison of TOF helium and proton CT.

Main results. We find that TOF proton CT with 30 ps m−1 velocity error reaches similar image noise as a calorimeter-based proton CT system with 1% energy error (1 sigma error). A TOF proton CT system with a 50 ps m−1 velocity error produces slightly less noise than a 2% calorimeter system. Noise in a reconstructed TOF proton CT image is spatially inhomogeneous with a marked increase towards the object periphery. Our modelled noise was consistent with Monte Carlo simulated images. TOF helium CT offers lower RSP noise at equal fluence, but is less advantageous at equal imaging dose.

Significance. This systematic study of image noise in TOF proton CT can serve as a guide for future developments of this alternative solution for estimating the residual energy of protons and helium ions after the scanned object.
Stiffness and coherence length measurements of ultra-thin superconductors, and implications for layered superconductors
Authors: Keren Amit , Blau Nitsan , Gavish Nir , Kenneth Oded , Ivry Yachin , Suleiman Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Based on the London equation, we use a rotor-free vector potential A and current measurements by a SQUID, to determine the superconducting (SC) Pearl length Λ and coherence length ξ
0, of ultra-thin, ring shaped, MoSi films, as a function of thickness d and temperature T. We find that T

c
and ξ
0 are functions of d and both jump at

ξ
0

∼
d
∼
5

nm. At base temperature the SC stiffness, defined by

1

/

λ
2

=
1

/

(
Λ
d
)

, is an increasing function of T

c
. Similar behavior, known as the Uemura plot, exists in bulk layered superconductors, but with doping as an implicit parameter. We also provide the critical exponents of

Λ
(
T
)

.
Surface quality characterization of thin Nb films for superconducting radiofrequency cavities
Authors: Ries R , Seiler E , Gömöry F , Medvids A , Onufrijevs P , Pira C , Chyhyrynets E , Malyshev O B , Valizadeh R
Published: May 2022

Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities are vital components of particle accelerators nowadays. In order to minimise the energy dissipation, a perfect inner surface of the cavity, hindering the penetration of magnetic field, is required. In this work, we investigated ten planar samples differing in the surface quality of Nb film deposited on Cu substrate, and as a consequence exhibiting various levels of the first entry field, H
en, at which the magnetic field starts to enter the film. The observed surface defects are categorised as hills, pits and cracks. For a practical range of dimensions of these features, the factor β, characterising the local magnetic field enhancement, was calculated by the numerical finite-element simulations. It is expected that the local field enhancement causes a premature penetration of the magnetic field, thus lowering H
en. Then, for each investigated sample, the range of β values characterising defect type that cause the highest field enhancement, is identified and compared with the H
en fields. We have found that the H
en of the samples that contain multiple types of the surface features is indeed limited by those defects that cause the highest field enhancement. The H
en vs β dependence has shown a good match with linear fit for the set of investigated samples. Thus, the main result is that the local magnetic field enhancement, computed in a straightforward way for the most significant defects, is a strong indicator of the surface quality that is relevant for the superconducting film intended for SRF cavity application.
Shape-driven, emergent behavior in active particle mixtures
Authors: Moran Shannon E , Schönhöfer Philipp W A , Glotzer Sharon C
Published: May 2022

Active particle systems can vary greatly from one-component systems of spheres to mixtures of particle shapes at different composition ratios. We investigate computationally the combined effect of anisotropy and stoichiometry on the collective behavior of two-dimensional active colloidal mixtures of polygons. We uncover three emergent phenomena not yet reported in active Brownian particle systems. First, we find that mixtures containing hexagons exhibit micro-phase separation with large grains of hexagonal symmetry. We quantify a measurable, implicit ‘steric attraction’ between the active particles as a result of shape anisotropy and activity. This calculation provides further evidence that implicit interactions in active systems, even without explicit attraction, can lead to an effective preferential attraction between particles. Next, we report stable fluid clusters in mixtures containing one triangle or square component. We attribute the fluidization of the dense cluster to the interplay of cluster destabilizing particles, which introduce grain boundaries and slip planes into the system, causing solid-like clusters to break up into fluid clusters. Third, we show that fluid clusters can coexist with solid clusters within a sparse gas of particles in a steady state of three coexisting phases. Our results highlight the potential for a wide variety of behavior to be accessible to active matter systems and establish a route to control active colloidal systems through simple parameter designs.
Weighted polygamy inequalities of multiparty q-expected quantum entanglement
Authors: Ma Jiangshan , Wu Hongxing , Li Bo
Published: May 2022

Based on q-expected entanglement measure for

q
⩾
1

, we generalize the polygamy inequality for multiparty entanglement in arbitrary-dimensional quantum systems. By using the βth-power of the q-expected entanglement of assistance for

0
⩽
β
⩽
1

and the Hamming weight of the binary vector related with the distribution of subsystems, a class of weighted polygamy inequalities in arbitrary-dimensional quantum systems is established. We further demonstrate that our class of weighted polygamy inequalities can be improved even into tighter inequalities, under some conditions, with auxiliary entanglement in bipartite subsystems. Our results may provide new ideas for studying the polygamy constraints of multiparty entanglement and better characterizing the entanglement distribution.
Formation of high-density cold molecules via electromagnetic trap
Authors: Ji Ya-Bing , Wei Bin , Guo Heng-Jiao , Liu Qing , Yang Tao , Hou Shun-Yong , Yin Jian-Ping
Published: May 2022

Preparation and control of cold molecules are advancing rapidly, motivated by many exciting applications ranging from tests of fundamental physics to quantum information processing. Here, we propose a trapping scheme to create high-density cold molecular samples by using a combination of electric and magnetic fields. In our theoretical analysis and numerical calculations, a typical alkaline-earth monofluoride, MgF, is used to test the feasibility of our proposal. A cold MgF molecular beam is first produced via an electrostatic Stark decelerator and then loaded into the proposed electromagnetic trap, which is composed of an anti-Helmholtz coil, an octupole, and two disk electrodes. Following that, a huge magnetic force is applied to the molecular sample at an appropriate time, which enables further compressing of the spatial distribution of the cold sample. Molecular samples with both higher number density and smaller volume are quite suitable for the laser confinement and other molecular experiments such as cold collisions in the next step.
High-pressure study of topological semimetals XCd2Sb2 (X = Eu and Yb)
Authors: Zhu Chuchu , Su Hao , Cheng Erjian , Guo Lin , Pan Binglin , Huang Yeyu , Ni Jiamin , Guo Yanfeng , Yang Xiaofan , Li Shiyan
Published: May 2022

Topological materials have aroused great interest in recent years, especially when magnetism is involved. Pressure can effectively tune the topological states and possibly induce superconductivity. Here we report the high-pressure study of topological semimetals XCd2Sb2 (X = Eu and Yb), which have the same crystal structure. In antiferromagnetic (AFM) Weyl semimetal EuCd2Sb2, the Néel temperature (T
N) increases from 7.4 K at ambient pressure to 50.9 K at 14.9 GPa. When pressure is above 14.9 GPa, the AFM peak of resistance disappears, indicating a non-magnetic state. In paramagnetic Dirac semimetal candidate YbCd2Sb2, pressure-induced superconductivity appears at 1.94 GPa, then T
c reaches to a maximum of 1.67 K at 5.22 GPa and drops to zero at about 30 GPa, displaying a dome-shaped temperature–pressure phase diagram. High-pressure x-ray diffraction measurement demonstrates that a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition occurs at about 16 GPa in YbCd2Sb2, revealing the robustness of pressure-induced superconductivity against structural instability. Similar structural phase transition may also occur in EuCd2Sb2, causing the disappearance of magnetism. Our results show that XCd2Sb2 (X = Eu and Yb) is a novel platform for exploring the interplay among magnetism, topology, and superconductivity.
Conservation of the particle–hole symmetry in the pseudogap state in optimally-doped Bi2Sr2CuO6+δ
superconductor
Authors: Yan Hongtao , Gao Qiang , Song Chunyao , Yin Chaohui , Chen Yiwen , Zhang Fengfeng , Yang Feng , Zhang Shenjin , Peng Qinjun , Liu Guodong , Zhao Lin , Xu Zuyan , Zhou X. J.
Published: May 2022

The pseudogap state is one of the most enigmatic characteristics in the anomalous normal state properties of the high temperature cuprate superconductors. A central issue is to reveal whether there is a symmetry breaking and which symmetries are broken across the pseudogap transition. By performing high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements on the optimally-doped Bi2Sr1.6La0.4CuO6+δ
superconductor, we report the observations of the particle–hole symmetry conservation in both the superconducting state and the pseudogap state along the entire Fermi surface. These results provide key insights in understanding the nature of the pseudogap and its relation with high temperature superconductivity.
Circular Polarization of Fast Radio Bursts in the Curvature Radiation Scenario
Authors: Tong Hao , Wang Hong-Guang
Published: May 2022

The curvature radiation is applied to the explanation of the circular polarization of fast radio bursts (FRBs). Significant circular polarization is reported in both apparently non-repeating and repeating FRBs. Curvature radiation can produce significant circular polarization at the wing of the radiation beam. In the curvature radiation scenario, in order to see significant circular polarization in FRBs, (1) more energetic bursts, (2) bursts with electrons having higher Lorentz factor, and (3) a slowly rotating neutron star at the center are required. Different rotational period of the central neutron star may explain why some FRBs have high circular polarization, while others do not. Considering possible difference in refractive index for the parallel and perpendicular components of electric field, the position angle may change rapidly over the narrow pulse window of the radiation beam. The position angle swing in FRBs may also be explained by this non-geometric origin, besides that of the rotating vector model.
IENet: a robust convolutional neural network for EEG based brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Du Yipeng , Liu Jian
Published: May 2022

Objective.Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalogram (EEG) develop into novel application areas with more complex scenarios, which put forward higher requirements for the robustness of EEG signal processing algorithms. Deep learning can automatically extract discriminative features and potential dependencies via deep structures, demonstrating strong analytical capabilities in numerous domains such as computer vision and natural language processing. Making full use of deep learning technology to design a robust algorithm that is capable of analyzing EEG across BCI paradigms is our main work in this paper.Approach.Inspired by InceptionV4 and InceptionTime architecture, we introduce a neural network ensemble named InceptionEEG-Net (IENet), where multi-scale convolutional layer and convolution of length 1 enable model to extract rich high-dimensional features with limited parameters. In addition, we propose the average receptive field (RF) gain for convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which optimizes IENet to detect long patterns at a smaller cost. We compare with the current state-of-the-art methods across five EEG-BCI paradigms: steady-state visual evoked potentials (VEPs), epilepsy EEG, overt attention P300 VEPs, covert attention P300 visual-EPs and movement-related cortical potentials.Main results.The classification results show that the generalizability of IENet is on par with the state-of-the-art paradigm-agnostic models on test datasets. Furthermore, the feature explainability analysis of IENet illustrates its capability to extract neurophysiologically interpretable features for different BCI paradigms, ensuring the reliability of algorithm.Significance.It can be seen from our results that IENet can generalize to different BCI paradigms. And it is essential for deep CNNs to increase the RF size using average RF gain.
Simulation study of particle transport by weakly coherent mode in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak
Authors: Lang Yong , Xu Xueqiao , Guo Zhibin , Li Bo , Wang Xiaogang , Tang Tengfei , Dong Chao
Published: May 2022

A simulation study has been conducted of the physical mechanisms behind the weakly coherent mode (WCM) and its produced particle transport in the I-mode edge plasmas by using the BOUT++ code. The WCM is identified in our simulations by its poloidal and radial distributions as well as its frequency and wavenumber spectra. Its produced radial particle flux is calculated and compared with the experimental value. The good agreement indicates that the WCM is an important particle transport channel in the I-mode pedestal. It is found that the WCM can transport particles across the strong outer shear layer of the E

r
well established in the formation of I-mode, based on which a possible explanation is provided why I-mode does not feature a density pedestal. The key point lies in the change of the cross-phase between the electric potential and density fluctuations induced by the E × B Doppler shift. In the strong shear layer, although the electric potential fluctuation is significantly suppressed, the cross-phase is close to π/2, resulting in a strong drive of the density fluctuation and particle transport. To identify the physical nature of the WCM, a linear dispersion relation for drift Alfvén modes is derived in the slab geometry. A drift Alfvén wave instability is found to have similar dependence to the simulated linear instability behind the WCM on the resistivity and the parallel electron pressure gradient and thermal force terms in the parallel Ohm’s law.
A New Type of Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Rim Motor and Its Modeling Analysis
Authors: Lin Bo , Gao Jin , Liu Yonghui , Zhan Pengfei
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a new type of transverse flux permanent magnet rim motor is obtained by combining transverse flux permanent magnet motor with shaftless rim motor. When a sinusoidal current is passed through the stator of the motor, a rotating magnetic field will be generated. The rotating magnetic field interacts with the constant magnetic field generated by the rotor magnet, and the interaction will drive the motor to rotate. The new motor has the advantages of high power, low noise, small vibration and small volume, and is suitable for marine propulsion and other fields. This paper introduces the special magnetic field distribution of the new motor, and uses the 3D finite element analysis method to analyze the electromagnetic field of the motor’s no-load and load conditions. The paper will verify the correctness and superiority of the model.
A comparative research of innovative comparators
Authors: Song Bangyu , Zhao Yi
Published: May 2022

This paper studies four novel design comparators and gives a detailed analysis and summary of them. edge-pursuit comparator (EPC) improved energy efficiency and noise over conventional comparators by a circuit loop consisting of numbers of delay units. The triple-tail fully dynamic comparator minimizes the comparator’s total delay time and enhances the sample rate. The dynamic bias architecture of the double-tail latch-type comparator can provide a relatively high voltage gain while ensuring a low power consumption by stabilizing the static operating point. It also has advantages over conventional comparators in noise and delay. A triple-latch feedforward (TLFF) comparator improves on the triple-tail fully dynamic comparator. The triple-latch feedforward (TLFF) dynamic comparator consists of three-stage latches and a parallel feedforward path. It has a smaller delay time than other circuit designs, especially for large differential input signals.
An Accelerated Mixed-Height Cell Circuit Legalization Method
Authors: Zhou Chencan , Yang Gengchen , Shi Quan
Published: May 2022

In Very Large-Scale Integration Circuit (VLSI) advanced node design, the standard cells are usually designed with mixed height to meet various requirements. In this paper, benefit from the initial placement from global placement, we first align cells to the power rail type matching rows and divide multi-row-height cells into single-row-height ones. Next, quadratic programming model is constructed and converted into linear complementarity problem (LCP). Last, we choose two matrix splits and apply an accelerated modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method to solve LCP. Experimental results indicate that we achieve better performance than two published state-of the-art works.
Linked Data Fusion Based on Similarity Calculation and K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Chen Yiming
Published: May 2022

The development of semantic web technology supports the continuous development of linked data and its applications. In order to make effective use of the growing linked data on the web, multi-source data should be fused, which is a key step in multi-source large-scale data analysis and management. Currently, merging these data can be difficult, because various sources usually provide multiple conflict descriptions for entities in the same real world. To complete the fusion, we need to solve the problem of object conflict. This paper proposes a linked data fusion method based on similarity calculation and k-nearest neighbor. This method has two contributions. Firstly, a similarity calculation method of linked data is proposed, which can effectively integrate URI nodes and blank nodes in linked data; Secondly, a literal type node fusion strategy based on k-nearest neighbor classification method is proposed, which realizes the automation of fusion and has the independence of data source. The results show that compared with other methods, this method can improve the conciseness and consistency and precision by up to 12.9%, 30.6% and 12%.
Research on Multi-target Selection and Sequencing Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Xie Jun , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Zhiqiang , Guo Xin
Published: May 2022

Focusing on the characteristics of naval base targets, according to the conditions of the geographical location, the facilities size, the capacity of the station and the undertake task, the target level analysis were taken according to the comprehensive value, value and alternative target based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). The hierarchical model which reflects the correlation of all factors was build. The quantitative analysis and evaluation of the multi-naval bases were carried out from combat capability, guarantee capability, command and control capability, reconnaissance and early warning capability and defensive capability. Multi-target selection analysis and comprehensive capability ranking of naval base are obtained.
Research on Structural Vibration Reduction Technology of Rotating Machinery Based on Dynamic Vibration Absorption
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Yu Chao , Xu Jidong , Wang Depeng
Published: May 2022

Rotating machinery such as steam turbines, generators, and fans are generally composed of rotating parts and stator parts. The structural vibration that occurs on the stator parts often seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the equipment. Usually, a part of the structural vibration failure can be solved by dynamic balancing. However, due to the complexity of the system, another part of the structural vibration failure cannot be completely solved by dynamic balancing. For solving structural vibration faults, a vibration reduction technology based on the dynamic vibration absorption is proposed. This method designs a dynamic vibration absorber so that its natural frequency is equal to the excitation force frequency. The vibration of the stator is transferred to the absorber, so as to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction. Then, a rotor system test bench was built, and the vibration absorption device parameters were designed according to the vibration data of the test bench. Through experiments, it is proved that this method has a good vibration reduction effect.
DSB and SSB damages by 0.1–20 MeV protons enhanced by high-Z nanoparticles computed using Geant4-DNA
Authors: Hosseini S.J. , Sardari D. , Baradaran S. , Saeedzadeh E.
Published: May 2022

The interaction of protons in the energy range of 0.1 to 20 MeV with water sphere, as the target volume, containing DNA molecules has been simulated using Geant4-DNA toolkit. PDB format of DNA was used as DNA molecules were distributed randomly inside the target volume. The number of DNA damage is calculated in the absence of nanoparticles. Then the simulation has been repeated in the presence of 3 different nanoparticles (gold, gadolinium and iodine), in the identical physical and geometric conditions. The number of DNA damages without nanoparticles was in agreement with previous studies. Simulations results demonstrate that adding gold nanoparticles leads to increase damage yields in DNA. Increase of the yield between 10% to 50% were observed for SSB and DSB. Enhancement of the yield damage in the case of gadolinium and iodine nanoparticles was observed to be 4% and 9% less than that of gold nanoparticles.
Quantitative stability for minimizing Yamabe metrics
Authors: Engelstein Max , Neumayer Robin , Spolaor Luca
Published: May 2022

On any closed Riemannian manifold of dimension

n
≥
3

n\geq 3

, we prove that if a function nearly minimizes the Yamabe energy, then the corresponding conformal metric is close, in a quantitative sense, to a minimizing Yamabe metric in the conformal class. Generically, this distance is controlled quadratically by the Yamabe energy deficit. Finally, we produce an example for which this quadratic estimate is false.
Subset currents on surfaces
Authors: Sasaki Dounnu
Published: May 2022

Subset currents on hyperbolic groups were introduced by Kapovich and Nagnibeda as a generalization of geodesic currents on hyperbolic groups, which were introduced by Bonahon and have been successfully studied in the case of the fundamental group

π
1

(
Σ
)

\pi _1 (\Sigma )

of a compact hyperbolic surface

Σ
\Sigma

. Kapovich and Nagnibeda particularly studied subset currents on free groups. In this article, we develop the theory of subset currents on

π
1

(
Σ
)

\pi _1(\Sigma )

, which we call subset currents on

Σ
\Sigma

. We prove that the space

S
C

(
Σ
)

\mathrm {SC}(\Sigma )

of subset currents on

Σ
\Sigma

is a measure-theoretic completion of the set of conjugacy classes of non-trivial finitely generated subgroups of

π
1

(
Σ
)

\pi _1 (\Sigma )

, each of which geometrically corresponds to a convex core of a covering space of

Σ
\Sigma

. This result was proved by Kapovich-Nagnibeda in the case of free groups, and is also a generalization of Bonahon’s result on geodesic currents on hyperbolic groups. We will also generalize several other results of them. Especially, we extend the (geometric) intersection number of two closed geodesics on

Σ
\Sigma

to the intersection number of two convex cores on

Σ
\Sigma

and, in addition, to a continuous

R

≥
0

\mathbb {R}_{\geq 0}

-bilinear functional on

S
C

(
Σ
)

\mathrm {SC}(\Sigma )

.
The mechanism on Prevotella melaninogenica promoting the inflammatory progression of oral lichen planus
Authors: Xu Pan , Shao Ru-ru , Zhang Shi , Tan Zheng-wu , Guo Yi-ting , He Yuan
Published: May 2022

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the oral mucosa. Bacteria are a key driver of mucosal immune responses and can induce changes in gene expression and function of epithelial keratinocytes. IL-36γ can induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines, and is widely involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Our aim is to explore the role of IL-36γ in the pathological process of OLP when Prevotella melaninogenica (P. melaninogenica) invades the oral mucosa. The expression of IL-36γ in OLP lesions and mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Recombinant human IL-36Gamma (rhIL-36γ) was used to treat oral keratinocytes and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of IL-36γ and TRPV1 was detected by western blotting following co-culturing P. melaninogenica with oral keratinocytes. The mRNA expression of IL-36γ was detected by qRT-PCR. From our results, IL-36γ was upregulated in OLP lesions. Exogenous rhIL-36γ promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antibacterial peptides in oral keratinocytes. The expression of IL-36γ was significantly increased following the stimulation of P. melaninogenica in oral keratinocytes and mice. TRPV1 activation was induced by P. melaninogenica and its activation enhanced the expression of IL-36γ. IL-36Ra could reduce the inflammation in OLP in vitro. In summary, overexpression of IL-36γ in OLP lesions could promote its pathogenesis by inducing inflammation. P. melaninogenica invasion of oral keratinocytes could induce the expression of IL-36γ by the activation of TRPV1, thereby regulating the interaction between bacteria and oral epithelial cells.
Lung Function in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Wang Richard J , Nouraie Mehdi , Kunisaki Ken M , Huang Laurence , Tien Phyllis C , Anastos Kathryn , Bhandari Neha , Bhatt Surya P , Bolivar Hector , Cribbs Sushma K , Foronjy Robert , Gange Stephen J , Lazarous Deepa , Morris Alison , Drummond M Bradley
Published: May 2022

Background

Prior studies have found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk of chronic lung disease, but few have included large numbers of women. In this study, we investigate whether HIV infection is associated with differences in lung function in women.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study, a racially and ethnically diverse multicenter cohort of women with and without HIV. In 2018–2019, participants at 9 clinical sites were invited to perform spirometry. Single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was also measured at selected sites. The primary outcomes were the post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and DLCO. Multivariable regression modeling was used to analyze the association of HIV infection and lung function outcomes after adjustment for confounding exposures.

Results

FEV1 measurements from 1489 women (1062 with HIV, 427 without HIV) and DLCO measurements from 671 women (463 with HIV, 208 without HIV) met standards for quality and reproducibility. There was no significant difference in FEV1 between women with and without HIV. Women with HIV had lower DLCO measurements (adjusted difference, –0.73 mL/min/mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −1.33 to −.14). Among women with HIV, lower nadir CD4 + cell counts and hepatitis C virus infection were associated with lower DLCO measurements.

Conclusions

HIV was associated with impaired respiratory gas exchange in women. Among women with HIV, lower nadir CD4 + cell counts and hepatitis C infection were associated with decreased respiratory gas exchange.
Ongoing tectonic subsidence in the Lesser Antilles subduction zone
Authors: van Rijsingen E M , Calais E , Jolivet R , de Chabalier J-B , Robertson R , Ryan G A , Symithe S
Published: May 2022

Geological estimates of vertical motions in the central part of the Lesser Antilles show subsidence on timescales ranging from 125.000 to 100 yr, which has been interpreted to be caused by interseismic locking along the subduction megathrust. However, horizontal GNSS velocities show that the Lesser Antilles subduction interface is currently building up little to no elastic strain. Here, we present new present-day vertical velocities for the Lesser Antilles islands and explore the link between short- and long-term vertical motions and their underlying processes. We find a geodetic subsidence of the Lesser Antilles island arc at 1–2 mm yr−1, consistent with the ∼100-yr trend derived from coral micro-atolls. Using elastic dislocation models, we show that a locked or partially locked subduction interface would produce uplift of the island arc, opposite to the observations, hence supporting a poorly coupled subduction. We propose that this long-term, margin-wide subsidence is controlled by slab dynamic processes, such as slab rollback. Such processes could also be responsible for the aseismic character of the subduction megathrust.
SEMA6B variants cause intellectual disability and alter dendritic spine density and axon guidance
Authors: Cordovado Amélie , Schaettin Martina , Jeanne Médéric , Panasenkava Veranika , Denommé-Pichon Anne-Sophie , Keren Boris , Mignot Cyril , Doco-Fenzy Martine , Rodan Lance , Ramsey Keri , Narayanan Vinodh , Jones Julie R , Prijoles Eloise J , Mitchell Wendy G , Ozmore Jillian R , Juliette Kali , Torti Erin , Normand Elizabeth A , Granger Leslie , Petersen Andrea K , Au Margaret G , Matheny Juliann P , Phornphutkul Chanika , Chambers Mary-Kathryn , Fernández-Ramos Joaquín-Alejandro , López-Laso Eduardo , Kruer Michael C , Bakhtiari Somayeh , Zollino Marcella , Morleo Manuela , Marangi Giuseppe , Mei Davide , Pisano Tiziana , Guerrini Renzo , Louie Raymond J , Childers Anna , Everman David B , Isidor Betrand , Audebert-Bellanger Séverine , Odent Sylvie , Bonneau Dominique , Gilbert-Dussardier Brigitte , Redon Richard , Bézieau Stéphane , Laumonnier Frédéric , Stoeckli Esther T , Toutain Annick , Vuillaume Marie-Laure
Published: May 2022

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder frequently caused by monogenic defects. In this study, we collected 14 SEMA6B heterozygous variants in 16 unrelated patients referred for ID to different centers. Whereas, until now, SEMA6B variants have mainly been reported in patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, our study indicates that the clinical spectrum is wider and also includes non-syndromic ID without epilepsy or myoclonus. To assess the pathogenicity of these variants, selected mutated forms of Sema6b were overexpressed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and in primary neuronal cultures. shRNAs targeting Sema6b were also used in neuronal cultures to measure the impact of the decreased Sema6b expression on morphogenesis and synaptogenesis. The overexpression of some variants leads to a subcellular mislocalization of SEMA6B protein in HEK293T cells and to a reduced spine density owing to loss of mature spines in neuronal cultures. Sema6b knockdown also impairs spine density and spine maturation. In addition, we conducted in vivo rescue experiments in chicken embryos with the selected mutated forms of Sema6b expressed in commissural neurons after knockdown of endogenous SEMA6B. We observed that expression of these variants in commissural neurons fails to rescue the normal axon pathway. In conclusion, identification of SEMA6B variants in patients presenting with an overlapping phenotype with ID and functional studies highlight the important role of SEMA6B in neuronal development, notably in spine formation and maturation and in axon guidance. This study adds SEMA6B to the list of ID-related genes.
Evolutionary Transitions of Parasites between Freshwater and Marine Environments
Authors: Okamura Beth , Gruhl Alexander , De Baets Kenneth
Published: May 2022

Evolutionary transitions of organisms between environments have long fascinated biologists, but attention has been focused almost exclusively on free-living organisms and challenges to achieve such transitions. This bias requires addressing because parasites are a major component of biodiversity. We address this imbalance by focusing on transitions of parasitic animals between marine and freshwater environments. We highlight parasite traits and processes that may influence transition likelihood (e.g., transmission mode, life cycle, host use), and consider mechanisms and directions of transitions. Evidence for transitions in deep time and at present are described, and transitions in our changing world are considered. We propose that environmental transitions may be facilitated for endoparasites because hosts reduce exposure to physiologically challenging environments and argue that adoption of an endoparasitic lifestyle entails an equivalent transitioning process as organisms switch from living in one environment (e.g., freshwater, seawater, or air) to living symbiotically within hosts. Environmental transitions of parasites have repeatedly resulted in novel forms and diversification, contributing to the tree of life. Recognizing the potential processes underlying present-day and future environmental transitions is crucial in view of our changing world and the current biodiversity crisis.
Natural mortality in exploited fish stocks: annual variation estimated with data from trawl surveys
Authors: Björnsson Björn , Sólmundsson Jón , Woods Pamela J
Published: May 2022

Natural mortality (M) is difficult to measure directly in exploited fish stocks. Therefore, in stock assessments, M has usually been assumed to be constant for age classes of fishable size. However, M is likely to vary annually due to temporal changes in food availability, predation, fish size at age, and other biological and environmental factors. We suggest that M of fish at age and year is the sum of length-related mortality and condition-related mortality (M = ML + MC). We propose that MC is directly proportional to PKH, the percentage of fish in the stock with condition factor (K) and liver condition (H) below critical values. This relationship is used to demonstrate likely patterns in annual variation in MC for ages 2–9+ in Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua) based on fish measurements in groundfish surveys in spring and autumn. There were annual fluctuations and temporal trends observed in MC for different age classes attributable to variation in food availability. The described method is suitable for age-structured stock assessments of cod and other fish stocks. Our results indicate that basic stock assessments may be improved by including estimates of variable MC.
Clinical translation of surgical simulated closure of a ventricular septum defect
Authors: Li Qi , Hussein Nabil , Zhang Yunyi , Fang Yibing , Wang Yue , An Qi , Honjo Osami , Luo Shuhua
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES

To demonstrate that improvement in technical performance of congenital heart surgical trainees during ventricular septum defect (VSD) closure simulation translates to better patient outcomes.

METHODS

Seven trainees were divided into 2 groups. Experienced-fellows group included 4 senior trainees who had performed >5 VSD closures. Residents group consisted of 3 residents who had never performed a VSD closure. Experienced-fellows completed 3 VSD closures on real patients as a pretest. Both groups participated in a 4-week simulation requiring each participant to complete 2 VSD closures on three-dimensional printed models per week. One month later, all trainees returned for a post-test operation in real patients. All performances were recorded, blinded and scored independently by 2 cardiac surgeons using the validated Hands-On Surgical Training–Congenital Heart Surgery (HOST-CHS). Predefined surgical outcomes were analysed.

RESULTS

The median HOST-CHS score increased significantly from week 1 to 4 [50 (39, 58) vs 73 (65, 74), P < 0.001] during simulation. The improvement in the simulation of experienced-fellows successfully transferred to skill acquisition [HOST-CHS score 72.5 (71, 74) vs 54 (51, 60), P < 0.001], with better patients outcomes including shorter total cross-clamp time [pretest: 86 (70, 99) vs post-test: 60 (53, 64) min, P = 0.006] and reduced incidence of major patch leak requiring multiple pump runs [pretest: 4/11 vs post-test: 0/9, P = 0.043]. After simulation, the technical performance and surgical outcomes of Residents were comparable to Experienced-fellows in real patients, except for significantly longer cross-clamp time [Residents: 76.5 (71.7, 86.8) vs Experienced-fellows: 60 (53, 64) min, P = 0.002].

CONCLUSIONS

Deliberate practice using simulation translates to better performance and surgical outcomes in real patients. Residents who had never completed a VSD closure could perform the procedures just as safely and effectively as their senior colleagues following simulation.