bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring functional abilities and competing risks among stroke patients: a longitudinal and survival analysis study at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Berehan Haymanot Berelie , Dessie Zelalem G. , Tesfaw Lijalem Melie
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate competing risks and functional ability measures among patients who had a stroke.

Design

A joint model comprising two related submodels was applied: a cause-specific hazard submodel for competing drop-out and stroke-related death risks, and a partial proportional odd submodel for longitudinal functional ability.

Setting

Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia.

Participants

The study included 400 patients who had a stroke from the medical ward outpatient stroke unit at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, who were treated from September 2018 to August 2021.

Results

Among the 400 patients who had a stroke, 146 (36.5%) died and 88 (22%) dropped out. At baseline, 14% of patients had no symptoms and/or disability while 24% had slight disability, and 25% had severe disability. Most patients (37.04%) exhibited moderate functional ability. The presence of diabetes increased the cause-specific hazard of death by 3.95 times (95% CI 2.16 to 7.24) but decreased the cause-specific hazard of drop-out by 95% (aHR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.46) compared with non-diabetic patients who had a stroke.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of patients who had a stroke experienced mortality and drop-out during the study period, highlighting the importance of considering competing risks in stroke research. Age, diabetes, white cell count and stroke complications were significant covariates affecting both longitudinal and survival submodels. Compared with stand-alone models, the joint competing risk modelling technique offers comprehensive insights into the disease’s transition pattern.
Exploring type 2 diabetes self-management practices in rural Bangladesh: facilitators, barriers and expectations—a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Joham Anju E , Kabir Ashraful , Rahman A K M Fazlur , Ali Liaquat , Harrison Cheryce L , Billah Baki
Published: May 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health crisis impacting low-income and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. While self-management is encouraged for individuals with T2DM, there is a significant lack of knowledge regarding the factors of facilitators, barriers and expectations associated with T2DM self-management in Bangladesh. This research aims to investigate the potential elements that support, impede and are anticipated in the effective practice of self-management for T2DM in rural areas of Bangladesh.

Methods and analysis

This study will use an exploratory qualitative approach. 16 focus group discussions, 13 in-depth interviews and 9 key informant interviews will be conducted among multilevel stakeholders, including people with T2DM, their caregivers, healthcare providers, health managers/administrators and policy planners. Interviews will be audio-recorded, transcribed, translated and analysed using thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This research project has been approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (project reference number: 39483) and the Ethical Review Committee of the Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (Memo: CIPRB/ERC/2023/14). Research findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. Published reports will include group data. Individual data privacy will be strictly maintained.
Prevalence and health effects of post-COVID-19 condition in Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ansah Edward Wilson , Salu Promise Kwame , Daanko Martin Sumani , Banaaleh David N , Amoadu Mustapha
Published: May 2024

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused global devastations in the social, economic and health systems of every nation, but disproportionately the nations in Africa. Apart from its grave effects on the global systems, is the persistence of post-COVID-19 condition in individuals infected with the virus. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to collate and summarise the existing research evidence about the prevalence and health effects of post-COVID-19 infection conditions in Africa.

Methods and analysis

Five main databases will be thoroughly searched from 1 September 2023 to 30 April 2024, for eligible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These databases include PubMed, Central, Scopus, Dimensions AI and JSTOR. Meanwhile, Arksey and O’Malley guidelines will guide this scoping review using article published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2024. This review will provide a useful insight into the prevalence of the post-COVID-19 symptoms and their health effects within the population in Africa. The results and findings of the review will be valuable for health system interventions, including restructuring and reorientation of health systems in the continent.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review will involve analysis of secondary data, therefore, no ethical approval is needed. Dissemination of the results will be done through international journals and available research conferences.
How does eligibility for GusNIP produce prescriptions relate to fruit and vegetable purchases and what factors shape the relationship? A protocol for a secondary analysis of nationally representative data in the USA
Authors: Houghtaling Bailey , Zhang Nanhua , Yaroch Amy , Milburn Atkinson Clare , Byker Shanks Carmen
Published: May 2024

Introduction

US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Programme (GusNIP) produce prescription programme (PPR) ‘prescriptions’ provide eligible participants with low income, risk for diet-related chronic disease and food insecurity a healthcare issued incentive to purchase lower to no cost fruits and vegetables (FVs). However, GusNIP requirements specify that PPR prescriptions can only be redeemed forfresh(not frozen, canned or dried) FVs. This requirement may prevent participants from fully engaging in or benefiting from GusNIP PPR, given communities with lower healthy food access may have reduced fresh FV accessibility.

Methods and analysis

We will use the nationally representative 2012–2013 National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) and complementary FoodAPS Geography Component data in a secondary data analysis to examine how household GusNIP PPR eligibility relates to the quantity and variety of fresh, frozen, canned and dried FV purchases and to what extent individual, household and food environment factors shape the relationship. FoodAPS data include household food purchasing and acquisition information across a 7 day period from 14 317 individuals among 4826 households and was collected between April 2012 and January 2013. The FoodAPS Geography Component provides information about the local community/environment relative to FoodAPS households. This study will examine the correlation or association of selected variables between different quantities and varieties of fresh, frozen, canned and dried FVs, as well as correlations among multilevel predictors.

Ethics and dissemination

We are following data integrity standards as outlined by agreements with the USDA Economic Research Service. All results of analyses will undergo a thorough disclosure review to ensure no identifiable data are shared. Results will be disseminated to research, practice and policy communities using an Open Access peer-reviewed manuscript(s), scientific and practice presentations, and a public facing report and infographic.
Advancing progress on tobacco control in low-income and middle-income countries through economic analysis
Authors: Small Roy , Nugent Rachel , Webb Douglas , Hutchinson Brian , Spencer Garrison , Ngongo Carrie , Chestnov Roman , Tarlton Dudley
Published: May 2024

Background

More than 80% of the world’s 1.3 billion tobacco users live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where progress to address tobacco and its harms has been slow. The perception that tobacco control detracts from economic priorities has impeded progress. The Secretariat of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is leading the FCTC 2030 project, which includes technical assistance to LMICs to analyse the economic costs of tobacco use and the benefits of tobacco control.

Methods

The Secretariat of the WHO FCTC, United Nations Development Programme and WHO supported 21 LMICs between 2017 and 2022 to complete national investment cases to guide country implementation of the WHO FCTC, with analytical support provided by RTI International. These country-level cases combine customised estimates of tobacco’s economic impact with qualitative analysis of socio-political factors influencing tobacco control. This paper overviews the approach, observed tobacco control advancements and learnings from 21 countries: Armenia, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Eswatini, Georgia, Ghana, Jordan, Laos, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Tunisia and Zambia.

Results

Tobacco control advancements in line with investment case findings and recommendations have been observed in 17 of the 21 countries, and many have improved collaboration and policy coherence between health and economic stakeholders.

Conclusions

Tobacco control must be seen as more than a health concern. Tobacco control leads to economic benefits and contributes to sustainable development. National investment cases can support country ownership and leadership to advance tobacco control.
Lung function trajectories from school age to adulthood and their relationship with markers of cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Granell Raquel , Haider Sadia , Deliu Matea , Ullah Anhar , Mahmoud Osama , Fontanella Sara , Lowe Lesley , Simpson Angela , Dodd James William , Arshad Seyed Hasan , Murray Clare S , Roberts Graham , Hughes Alun , Park Chloe , Holloway John W , Custovic Adnan
Published: May 2024

Rationale

Lung function in early adulthood is associated with subsequent adverse health outcomes.

Objectives

To ascertain whether stable and reproducible lung function trajectories can be derived in different populations and investigate their association with objective measures of cardiovascular structure and function.

Methods

Using latent profile modelling, we studied three population-based birth cohorts with repeat spirometry data from childhood into early adulthood to identify trajectories of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC). We used multinomial logistic regression models to investigate early-life predictors of the derived trajectories. We then ascertained the extent of the association between the derived FEV1/FVC trajectories and blood pressure and echocardiographic markers of increased cardiovascular risk and stroke in ~3200 participants at age 24 years in one of our cohorts.

Results

We identified four FEV1/FVC trajectories with strikingly similar latent profiles across cohorts (pooled N=6377): above average (49.5%); average (38.3%); below average (10.6%); and persistently low (1.7%). Male sex, wheeze, asthma diagnosis/medication and allergic sensitisation were associated with trajectories with diminished lung function in all cohorts. We found evidence of an increase in cardiovascular risk markers ascertained by echocardiography (including left ventricular mass indexed to height and carotid intima-media thickness) with decreasing FEV1/FVC (with p values for the mean crude effects per-trajectory ranging from 0.10 to p<0.001). In this analysis, we considered trajectories as a pseudo-continuous variable; we confirmed the assumption of linearity in all the regression models.

Conclusions

Childhood lung function trajectories may serve as predictors in the development of not only future lung disease, but also the cardiovascular disease and multimorbidity in adulthood.
Prospective validation of a hospital triage predictive model to decrease undertriage: an EAST multicenter study
Authors: Biesboer Elise A , Pokrzywa Courtney J , Karam Basil S , Chen Benjamin , Szabo Aniko , Teng Bi Qing , Bernard Matthew D , Bernard Andrew , Chowdhury Sharfuddin , Hayudini Al-Hasher E , Radomski Michal A , Doris Stephanie , Yorkgitis Brian K , Mull Jennifer , Weston Benjamin W , Hemmila Mark R , Tignanelli Christopher J , de Moya Marc A , Morris Rachel S
Published: May 2024

Background

Tiered trauma team activation (TTA) allows systems to optimally allocate resources to an injured patient. Target undertriage and overtriage rates of <5% and <35% are difficult for centers to achieve, and performance variability exists. The objective of this study was to optimize and externally validate a previously developed hospital trauma triage prediction model to predict the need for emergent intervention in 6 hours (NEI-6), an indicator of need for a full TTA.

Methods

The model was previously developed and internally validated using data from 31 US trauma centers. Data were collected prospectively at five sites using a mobile application which hosted the NEI-6 model. A weighted multiple logistic regression model was used to retrain and optimize the model using the original data set and a portion of data from one of the prospective sites. The remaining data from the five sites were designated for external validation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) were used to assess the validation cohort. Subanalyses were performed for age, race, and mechanism of injury.

Results

14 421 patients were included in the training data set and 2476 patients in the external validation data set across five sites. On validation, the model had an overall undertriage rate of 9.1% and overtriage rate of 53.7%, with an AUROC of 0.80 and an AUPRC of 0.63. Blunt injury had an undertriage rate of 8.8%, whereas penetrating injury had 31.2%. For those aged ≥65, the undertriage rate was 8.4%, and for Black or African American patients the undertriage rate was 7.7%.

Conclusion

The optimized and externally validated NEI-6 model approaches the recommended undertriage and overtriage rates while significantly reducing variability of TTA across centers for blunt trauma patients. The model performs well for populations that traditionally have high rates of undertriage.

Level of evidence

2.
Enterococci as a One Health indicator of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Zaidi Sani-e-Zehra , Zaheer Rahat , Zovoilis Athanasios , McAllister Tim A.
Published: May 2024

The rapid increase of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in humans and livestock is concerning. Antimicrobials are essential for the treatment of disease in modern day medicine, and their misuse in humans and food animals has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Globally, antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a One Health problem affecting humans, animals, and environment. Enterococcal species are Gram-positive bacteria that are widely distributed in nature. Their occurrence, prevalence, and persistence across the One Health continuum make them an ideal candidate to study antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective. The objective of this review was to summarize the role of enterococci as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance across One Health sectors. We also briefly address the prevalence of enterococci in human, animal, and environmental settings. In addition, a 16S RNA gene-based phylogenetic tree was constructed to visualize the evolutionary relationship among enterococcal species and whether they segregate based on host environment. We also review the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in enterococcal species across the One Health continuum.
Holographic Ricci dark energy in nonconservative unimodular gravity
Authors: Alvarenga Marcelo H. , Guimarães Luiz Filipe , Fabris Júlio C. , Velten Hermano
Published: May 2024

The structure of unimodular gravity (UG) is invariant to a subclass of diffeomorphism, the transverse diffeomorphism, due to the unimodular condition $$\sqrt{-g}=\epsilon $$

-
g

=
ϵ

. Consequently, there is a freedom to define how the conservation laws of the energy–momentum tensor in unimodular gravity in the cosmological context. One of the main characteristics of the complete system of equations that describe cosmological dynamics in UG is that they form an underdetermined system if the usual conservation law of the energy–momentum tensor is not considered in your structure. In this article, we propose the construction of a background cosmological model based on the description of a holographic dark energy component with a cutoff of the order of Ricci scalar in non-conservative UG. This choice means that the complete set of equations remains underdetermined, however, the new feature of this cosmological model is the appearance of an interaction between matter and dark energy. Indeed, this is a well-known characteristic of cosmological models in which we have holographic dark energy density. Consequently, we propose an ansatz to the interaction term $$Q=\beta H \rho _{m}$$

Q
=
β
H

ρ
m

, and obtain the cosmological parameters of our model. We found a viable universe model with similar characteristics to the $$\Lambda \textrm{CDM}$$

Λ
CDM

model. We performed statistical analysis of the background model using the “Cosmic Chronometer” (CC) data for H(z), and obtain as a result using AIC, and the BIC as model selection criteria that $$\Lambda \textrm{CDM}$$

Λ
CDM

prevails as the best model. However, the proposed model is competitive when compared to the cosmological model $$\omega \textrm{CDM}$$

ω
CDM

.
Maximal steered coherence in the background of Schwarzschild space-time
Authors: Du Ming-Ming , Li Hong-Wei , Shen Shu-Ting , Yan Xiao-Jing , Li Xi-Yun , Zhou Lan , Zhong Wei , Sheng Yu-Bo
Published: May 2024

In the past two decades, the exploration of quantumness within Schwarzschild spacetime has garnered significant interest, particularly regarding the Hawking radiation’s impact on quantum correlations and quantum coherence. Building on this foundation, we investigate how Hawking radiation influences maximal steered coherence (MSC)-a crucial measure for gauging the ability to generate coherence through steering. We find that as the Hawking temperature increases, the physically accessible MSC degrade while the unaccessible MSC increase. This observation is attributed to a redistribution of the initial quantum correlations, previously acknowledged by inertial observers, across all bipartite modes. In particular, we find that in limit case that the Hawking temperature tends to infinity, the accessible MSC equals to $$1/\sqrt{2}$$

1
/

2

of its initial value, and the unaccessible MSC between mode A and $$\overline{B}$$

B
¯

also equals to the same value. Our findings illuminate the intricate dynamics of quantum information in the vicinity of black holes, suggesting that Hawking radiation plays a pivotal role in reshaping the landscape of quantum coherence and entanglement in curved spacetime. This study not only advances our theoretical understanding of black hole thermodynamics but also opens new avenues for investigating the interface between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Facies models for rocky shorelines and their application to transgressed basement highs in the North Sea
Authors: Puig López Josep M. , Howell John
Published: May 2024

Rocky shorelines form where basement highs are eroded and flooded during marine transgressive events. Although the Mesozoic North Sea rift generated numerous platform margins and rotated fault blocks that acted as basement highs, rocky shoreline deposits have not previously been reported in this region. Rocky shoreline deposits are usually represented in the rock record by thin conglomerates overlying major unconformities. They are typically characterized by their ichnological aspects rather than by their depositional facies. This study used the sedimentological aspects of modern and Miocene rocky shorelines from Spain and Austria to create facies models, which were then applied to the recognition of rocky shorelines in the Mesozoic of the Central North Sea. Our results demonstrate that structureless, clast-supported, poorly to moderately sorted conglomerate–breccia deposits are associated with competent basement lithologies, which produce hard, resistant coastal cliffs around previously overlooked volcanic centres in the subsurface of the North Sea. The basement lithologies in most of the Central North Sea favoured the formation of softer coastal cliffs, with less resistant lithologies that did not generate or preserve gravel-sized particles. These softer coastal cliffs were mostly characterized by low-angle, unconformity-bounded sandstones and fine-grained deposits, precluding the preservation and recognition of Mesozoic rocky shores in much of the North Sea's stratigraphic record.
Palynology of strata associated with the Hercynian Unconformity across the Arabian Plate, from the Levant to southern Arabia
Authors: Stephenson M. H.
Published: May 2024

A survey of the palynostratigraphy of the strata above and below the Hercynian Unconformity indicates that the range of its associated hiatus, due to either non-deposition or erosion (or both), varies considerably across the Arabian Plate depending on the position of the succession in relation to the three main highs or arches, the Levant, Al Batin and Oman-Hadhramaut arches, and any Hercynian faulting or other uplift in basinal regions, for example in the Ghawar region. As expected, the succession spanning the Hercynian Unconformity is most complete in basinal areas, for example in the Faydah-Jafurah and Nafud-Ma'aniya basins. The well with the shortest hiatus, corresponding approximately to a maximum duration of part of the Serpukhovian and Bashkirian, appears to be KH-5/1, close to the axis of the Nafud-Ma'aniya Basin.

Palynological assemblages in rocks above the Hercynian Unconformity indicate the diachronous onset of the basal Khuff clastics NW through the Arabian Plate over a period of
c.
15 Myr. The oldest strata above the Hercynian Unconformity across the Arabian Plate also indicate systematic variation, probably due to palaeoclimate, with assemblages of similar age in Iraq and northern Saudi Arabia showing some similarities to those of Oman, but differences probably due to a strong climatic gradient at the time.
The search for petroleum in the Sultanate of Oman – the first 120 years
Authors: Heward Alan Peter , Morton M. Quentin , Al Kindi Mohammed
Published: May 2024

This is a story of failure and success, of disappointment and elation. World wars, a market glutted with cheap oil and geologists unable to access areas of interest hampered the search. Early expeditions provided the first maps of the mountains and Dhofar, and glimpses of the geology of the interior, but no evidence of oil.

Geological and geophysical surveys began in earnest in the 1950s, leading to the first exploratory drilling and the discovery of heavy oil at Marmul. Commercial oil was discovered a few years later at Fahud and Natih. All Oman's largest oilfields were found over the next 20 years based on 2D seismic data.

Early concessions were large and ill-defined. More companies became involved as interest grew in exploration offshore and as acreage was relinquished onshore. Although gas was encountered as a byproduct of oil activities, exploration for gas did not begin until 1984 when it became apparent that the known accumulations were insufficient for future needs. Large accumulations of gas and condensate were subsequently discovered in central Oman.

Petroleum continues to underpin the economy of the Sultanate as it strives to diversify and decarbonize. Useful lessons can be learned from the search so far.
EML: Emotion-Aware Meta Learning for Cross-Event False Information Detection
Authors: Huang Yinqiu , Gao Min , Shu Kai , Lin Chenghua , Wang Jia , Zhou Wei
Published: May 2024

Modern social media’s development has dramatically changed how people obtain information. However, the wide dissemination of various false information has severe detrimental effects. Accordingly, many deep learning-based methods have been proposed to detect false information and achieve promising results. However, these methods are unsuitable for new events due to the extremely limited labeled data and their discrepant data distribution to existing events. Domain adaptation methods have been proposed to mitigate these problems. However, their performance is suboptimal because they are not sensitive to new events due to they aim to align the domain information between existing events, and they hardly capture the fine-grained difference between real and fake claims by only using semantic information. Therefore, we propose a novel Emotion-aware Meta Learning (EML) approach for cross-event false information early detection, which deeply integrates emotions in meta learning to find event-sensitive initialization parameters that quickly adapt to new events. EML is non-trivial and faces three challenges: (1) How to effectively model semantic and emotional features to capture fine-grained differences? (2) How to reduce the impact of noise in meta learning based on semantic and emotional features? (3) How to detect the false information in a zero-shot detection scenario, i.e., no labeled data for new events? To tackle these challenges, firstly, we construct the emotion-aware meta tasks by selecting claims with similar and opposite emotions to the target claim other than usually used random sampling. Secondly, we propose a task weighting method and event-adaptation meta tasks to further improve the model’s robustness and generalization ability for detecting new events. Finally, we propose a weak label annotation method to extend EML to zero-shot detection according to the calculated labels’ confidence. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show that the EML achieves superior performances on false information detection for new events.
Analyzing Robustness of Automatic Scientific Claim Verification Tools against Adversarial Rephrasing Attacks
Authors: Layne Janet , Ratul Qudrat E. Alahy , Serra Edoardo , Jajodia Sushil
Published: May 2024

The coronavirus pandemic has fostered an explosion of misinformation about the disease, including the risk and effectiveness of vaccination. AI tools for automatic Scientific Claim Verification (SCV) can be crucial to defeat misinformation campaigns spreading through social media channels. However, over the past years, many concerns have been raised about the robustness of AI to adversarial attacks, and the field of automatic SCV is not exempt. The risk is that such SCV tools may reinforce and legitimize the spread of fake scientific claims rather than refute them. This article investigates the problem of generating adversarial attacks for SCV tools and shows that it is far more difficult than the generic NLP adversarial attack problem. The current NLP adversarial attack generators, when applied to SCV, often generate modified claims with entirely different meaning from the original. Even when the meaning is preserved, the modification of the generated claim is too simplistic (only a single word is changed), leaving many weaknesses of the SCV tools undiscovered. We propose T5-ParEvo, an iterative evolutionary attack generator, that is able to generate more complex and creative attacks while better preserving the semantics of the original claim. Using detailed quantitative and qualitative analyses, we demonstrate the efficacy of T5-ParEvo in comparison with existing attack generators.
Genome-Wide Screening Approaches for Biochemical Reactions Independent of Cell Growth
Authors: Noguchi Yuki , Matsui Risa , Suh Jaeyeon , Dou Yu , Suzuki Jun
Published: May 2024

Genome-wide screening is a potent approach for comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena. However, despite its widespread use in the past decades across various biological targets, its application to biochemical reactions with temporal and reversible biological outputs remains a formidable challenge. To uncover the molecular machinery underlying various biochemical reactions, we have recently developed the revival screening method, which combines flow cytometry–based cell sorting with library reconstruction from collected cells. Our refinements to the traditional genome-wide screening technique have proven successful in revealing the molecular machinery of biochemical reactions of interest. In this article, we elucidate the technical basis of revival screening, focusing on its application to CRISPR-Cas9 single guide RNA (sgRNA) library screening. Finally, we also discuss the future of genome-wide screening while describing recent achievements from in vitro and in vivo screening.
Supraspinal, spinal, and motor unit adjustments to fatiguing isometric contractions of the knee extensors at low and high submaximal intensities in males
Authors: Angius Luca , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Goodall Stuart , Thomas Kevin , Ansdell Paul , Atkinson Elliot , Farina Dario , Howatson Glyn
Published: May 2024

Changes in central nervous system and muscle function occur in response to fatiguing exercise and are specific to exercise intensity. This study measured corticospinal, neuromuscular, and motor unit behavior to fatiguing isometric tasks performed at different intensities. Both tasks increased corticospinal excitability and motor unit discharge rate. Our findings suggest that these acute adjustments are required to compensate for the exercise-induced decrements in neuromuscular function caused by fatiguing tasks.
Whole body sweat rate prediction: outdoor running and cycling exercise
Authors: Jay Ollie , Périard Julien D. , Clark Brad , Hunt Lindsey , Ren Haiyu , Suh HyunGyu , Gonzalez Richard R. , Sawka Michael N.
Published: May 2024

We report the development and validation of new proprietary whole body sweat rate prediction models for outdoor running and outdoor cycling using simple activity and environmental inputs. Separate sweat rate models were also developed and tested for situations where all four environmental parameters are not available, and some must be subsequently estimated by the user via a simple rating scale. All models are freely accessible through an online calculator: https://sweatratecalculator.com . These models, via the online calculator, will enable individualized hydration management for training or recreational cycling or running in an outdoor environment.
Building the Governance to Conserve and Utilize Industrial Heritage in East Asia: The Cases of Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Lee Kilhun
Published: May 2024

This study examines the difference between Japan and Taiwan in building governance for the conservation and reuse of industrial heritage. Japan started paying attention to industrial facilities as heritage due to the neglect of heritage, regional decline, and awareness of asset conservation in both cases. In contrast, conservation projects in Taiwan started because under policy of disposing of public properties, the abandoned heritage was at the risk of redevelopment. Japan’s policy goal was to conserve assets in both cases, while Taiwan aimed at regenerating modern industrial heritage and revitalizing the region. In all three cases, we found that there was a promotion organization which consisted primarily of residents and citizens. In Japan’s case, local governments played a more prominent role than the central government; in Taiwan, both the central and local governments did their part appropriately. These differences between the two countries are also observed in the process of decommissioning industrial facilities and citizens’ awareness of industrial heritage.
Table S15 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Table S15
Table S10 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Table S10
Table S1 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Table S1
Supplementary Figure 7 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figure 7
Supplementary Figures from Single-Cell Analysis Identifies NOTCH3-Mediated Interactions between Stromal Cells That Promote Microenvironment Remodeling and Invasion in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiang Handan , Pan Yidan , Sze Marc A. , Wlodarska Marta , Li Ling , van de Mark Karyn Ann , Qamar Haleema , Moure Casey J. , Linn Douglas E. , Hai Josephine , Huo Ying , Clarke James , Tan Tze Guan , Ho Samantha , Teng Karen W. , Ramli Muhammad N. , Nebozhyn Michael , Zhang Chunsheng , Barlow Julianne , Gustafson Corinne E. , Gornisiewicz Savanna , Albertson Thomas P. , Korle Stephanie L. , Bueno Raphael , Moy Lily Y. , Vollmann Elisabeth H. , Chiang Derek Y. , Brandish Philip E. , Loboda Andrey
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figures with legend
Supplementary Table3 from Analysis of Tumor-Associated AXIN1 Missense Mutations Identifies Variants That Activate β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Li Shanshan , Schippers Kelly , Li Yunlong , Eimers Boaz , Lavrijsen Marla , Wang Ling , Cui Guofei , Chen Xin , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Lebbink Joyce H.G. , Smits Ron
Published: May 2024

Overview of the interactions at the interface between AXIN1 and GSK3β for the mutated amino acids and their predicted effects
Supplementary Table 5 from Analysis of Tumor-Associated AXIN1 Missense Mutations Identifies Variants That Activate β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Li Shanshan , Schippers Kelly , Li Yunlong , Eimers Boaz , Lavrijsen Marla , Wang Ling , Cui Guofei , Chen Xin , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Lebbink Joyce H.G. , Smits Ron
Published: May 2024

Reported missense mutations in D65_S228 domain of AXIN1
Supplementary Table 2 from Analysis of Tumor-Associated AXIN1 Missense Mutations Identifies Variants That Activate β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Li Shanshan , Schippers Kelly , Li Yunlong , Eimers Boaz , Lavrijsen Marla , Wang Ling , Cui Guofei , Chen Xin , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Lebbink Joyce H.G. , Smits Ron
Published: May 2024

AXIN1 gnomAD analysis
Supplementary Figure 4 from Analysis of Tumor-Associated AXIN1 Missense Mutations Identifies Variants That Activate β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Li Shanshan , Schippers Kelly , Li Yunlong , Eimers Boaz , Lavrijsen Marla , Wang Ling , Cui Guofei , Chen Xin , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Lebbink Joyce H.G. , Smits Ron
Published: May 2024

The AXIN1 mutation landscape for various cancer types
Supplementary Figure 14 from Analysis of Tumor-Associated AXIN1 Missense Mutations Identifies Variants That Activate β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Li Shanshan , Schippers Kelly , Li Yunlong , Eimers Boaz , Lavrijsen Marla , Wang Ling , Cui Guofei , Chen Xin , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Lebbink Joyce H.G. , Smits Ron
Published: May 2024

Cartoon representation of AXIN1 with bound APC
Data from MILIP Binding to tRNAs Promotes Protein Synthesis to Drive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zheng Si Min , Feng Yu Chen , Zhu Qin , Li Ruo Qi , Yan Qian Qian , Teng Liu , Yue Yi Meng , Han Man Man , Ye Kaihong , Zhang Sheng Nan , Qi Teng Fei , Tang Cai Xia , Zhao Xiao Hong , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Xu Liang , Xu Ran , Xing Jun , Baker Mark , Liu Tao , Thorne Rick F. , Jin Lei , Preiss Thomas , Zhang Xu Dong , Cang Shundong , Gao Jin Nan
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we found that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MILIP supports TNBC cell survival, proliferation, and tumorigenicity by complexing with transfer RNAs (tRNA) to promote protein production, thus representing a potential therapeutic target in TNBC. MILIP was expressed at high levels in TNBC cells that commonly harbor loss-of-function mutations of the tumor suppressor p53, and MILIP silencing suppressed TNBC cell viability and xenograft growth, indicating that MILIP functions distinctively in TNBC beyond its established role in repressing p53 in other types of cancers. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MILIP interacted with eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (eEF1α1) and formed an RNA-RNA duplex with the type II tRNAs tRNALeu and tRNASer through their variable loops, which facilitated the binding of eEF1α1 to these tRNAs. Disrupting the interaction between MILIP and eEF1α1 or tRNAs diminished protein synthesis and cell viability. Targeting MILIP inhibited TNBC growth and cooperated with the clinically available protein synthesis inhibitor omacetaxine mepesuccinate in vivo. Collectively, these results identify MILIP as an RNA translation elongation factor that promotes protein production in TNBC cells and reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting MILIP, alone and in combination with other types of protein synthesis inhibitors, for TNBC treatment.
Significance:
LncRNA MILIP plays a key role in supporting protein production in TNBC by forming complexes with tRNAs and eEF1α1, which confers sensitivity to combined MILIP targeting and protein synthesis inhibitors.
Data from Single-Cell Analysis Identifies NOTCH3-Mediated Interactions between Stromal Cells That Promote Microenvironment Remodeling and Invasion in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiang Handan , Pan Yidan , Sze Marc A. , Wlodarska Marta , Li Ling , van de Mark Karyn Ann , Qamar Haleema , Moure Casey J. , Linn Douglas E. , Hai Josephine , Huo Ying , Clarke James , Tan Tze Guan , Ho Samantha , Teng Karen W. , Ramli Muhammad N. , Nebozhyn Michael , Zhang Chunsheng , Barlow Julianne , Gustafson Corinne E. , Gornisiewicz Savanna , Albertson Thomas P. , Korle Stephanie L. , Bueno Raphael , Moy Lily Y. , Vollmann Elisabeth H. , Chiang Derek Y. , Brandish Philip E. , Loboda Andrey
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, a significant proportion of patients do not respond. Recent transcriptomic studies to understand determinants of immunotherapy response have pinpointed stromal-mediated resistance mechanisms. To gain a better understanding of stromal biology at the cellular and molecular level in LUAD, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 256,379 cells, including 13,857 mesenchymal cells, from 9 treatment-naïve patients. Among the mesenchymal cell subsets, FAP+PDPN+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and ACTA2+MCAM+ pericytes were enriched in tumors and differentiated from lung-resident fibroblasts. Imaging mass cytometry revealed that both subsets were topographically adjacent to the perivascular niche and had close spatial interactions with endothelial cells (EC). Modeling of ligand and receptor interactomes between mesenchymal and ECs identified that NOTCH signaling drives these cell-to-cell interactions in tumors, with pericytes and CAFs as the signal receivers and arterial and PLVAPhigh immature neovascular ECs as the signal senders. Either pharmacologically blocking NOTCH signaling or genetically depleting NOTCH3 levels in mesenchymal cells significantly reduced collagen production and suppressed cell invasion. Bulk RNA sequencing data demonstrated that NOTCH3 expression correlated with poor survival in stroma-rich patients and that a T cell–inflamed gene signature only predicted survival in patients with low NOTCH3. Collectively, this study provides valuable insights into the role of NOTCH3 in regulating tumor stroma biology, warranting further studies to elucidate the clinical implications of targeting NOTCH3 signaling.
Significance:
NOTCH3 signaling activates tumor-associated mesenchymal cells, increases collagen production, and augments cell invasion in lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting its critical role in remodeling tumor stroma.
Data from NCI Cancer Research Data Commons: Resources to Share Key Cancer Data
Authors: Wang Zhining , Davidsen Tanja M. , Kuffel Gina R. , Addepalli KanakaDurga , Bell Amanda , Casas-Silva Esmeralda , Dingerdissen Hayley , Farahani Keyvan , Fedorov Andrey , Gaheen Sharon , Grossman Robert L. , Kikinis Ron , Kim Erika , Otridge John , Pihl Todd , Porter Melissa , Rodriguez Henry , Staudt Louis M. , Thangudu Ratna R. , Venkatachari Sudha , Zenklusen Jean Claude , Zhang Xu , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Kerlavage Anthony R.
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since 2014, the NCI has launched a series of data commons as part of the Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC) ecosystem housing genomic, proteomic, imaging, and clinical data to support cancer research and promote data sharing of NCI-funded studies. This review describes each data commons (Genomic Data Commons, Proteomic Data Commons, Integrated Canine Data Commons, Cancer Data Service, Imaging Data Commons, and Clinical and Translational Data Commons), including their unique and shared features, accomplishments, and challenges. Also discussed is how the CRDC data commons implement Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles and promote data sharing in support of the new NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy.

See related articles by Brady et al., p. 1384, Pot et al., p. 1396, and Kim et al., p. 1404
Data from Analysis of Tumor-Associated AXIN1 Missense Mutations Identifies Variants That Activate β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Li Shanshan , Schippers Kelly , Li Yunlong , Eimers Boaz , Lavrijsen Marla , Wang Ling , Cui Guofei , Chen Xin , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Lebbink Joyce H.G. , Smits Ron
Published: May 2024

Abstract
AXIN1 is a major component of the β-catenin destruction complex and is frequently mutated in various cancer types, particularly liver cancers. Truncating AXIN1 mutations are recognized to encode a defective protein that leads to β-catenin stabilization, but the functional consequences of missense mutations are not well characterized. Here, we first identified the GSK3β, β-catenin, and RGS/APC interaction domains of AXIN1 that are the most critical for proper β-catenin regulation. Analysis of 80 tumor-associated variants in these domains identified 18 that significantly affected β-catenin signaling. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that most of them lost binding to the binding partner corresponding to the mutated domain. A comprehensive protein structure analysis predicted the consequences of these mutations, which largely overlapped with the observed effects on β-catenin signaling in functional experiments. The structure analysis also predicted that loss-of-function mutations within the RGS/APC interaction domain either directly affected the interface for APC binding or were located within the hydrophobic core and destabilized the entire structure. In addition, truncated AXIN1 length inversely correlated with the β-catenin regulatory function, with longer proteins retaining more functionality. These analyses suggest that all AXIN1-truncating mutations at least partially affect β-catenin regulation, whereas this is only the case for a subset of missense mutations. Consistently, most colorectal and liver cancers carrying missense variants acquire mutations in other β-catenin regulatory genes such as APC and CTNNB1. These results will aid the functional annotation of AXIN1 mutations identified in large-scale sequencing efforts or in individual patients.
Significance:
Characterization of 80 tumor-associated missense variants of AXIN1 reveals a subset of 18 mutations that disrupt its β-catenin regulatory function, whereas the majority are passenger mutations.
cohort2-47 from Evaluating for Correlations between Specific Metabolites in Patients Receiving First-Line or Second-Line Immunotherapy for Metastatic or Recurrent NSCLC: An Exploratory Study Based on Two Cohorts
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Ding Kaibo , Peng Zhongsheng , Ding Ling , Li Hui , Fan Yun
Published: May 2024

original data
Table S4 from Evaluating for Correlations between Specific Metabolites in Patients Receiving First-Line or Second-Line Immunotherapy for Metastatic or Recurrent NSCLC: An Exploratory Study Based on Two Cohorts
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Ding Kaibo , Peng Zhongsheng , Ding Ling , Li Hui , Fan Yun
Published: May 2024

Table S4: The differential metabolites simultaneously associated with PFS and OS in cohort 1.
Table S3 from Evaluating for Correlations between Specific Metabolites in Patients Receiving First-Line or Second-Line Immunotherapy for Metastatic or Recurrent NSCLC: An Exploratory Study Based on Two Cohorts
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Ding Kaibo , Peng Zhongsheng , Ding Ling , Li Hui , Fan Yun
Published: May 2024

Table S3: The TOP10 up- or-down* regulated metabolics in Cohort 2.
Figure S4 from Evaluating for Correlations between Specific Metabolites in Patients Receiving First-Line or Second-Line Immunotherapy for Metastatic or Recurrent NSCLC: An Exploratory Study Based on Two Cohorts
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Ding Kaibo , Peng Zhongsheng , Ding Ling , Li Hui , Fan Yun
Published: May 2024

Principal component analysis (PCA) of the metabolites of Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 under negative (A, C) and positive (B, D) ion modes. Green indicates samples from the long-term survival group, blue indicates samples from the short-term survival group and red indicates QC samples.
Table S2 from A Review of Recent Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Brain Metastasis in Lung Cancer
Authors: Guan Chao , Zhang Xiaoye , Yu Li
Published: May 2024

Table S2 shows ncRNAs associated with lung cancer BM.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Differential Distribution of the DNA-PKcs Inhibitor Peposertib Selectively Radiosensitizes Patient-derived Melanoma Brain Metastasis Xenografts
Authors: Ji Jianxiang , Dragojevic Sonja , Callaghan Cameron M. , Smith Emily J. , Talele Surabhi , Zhang Wenjuan , Connors Margaret A. , Mladek Ann C. , Hu Zeng , Bakken Katrina K. , Sarkaria Paige P. , Carlson Brett L. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Decker Paul A. , Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Jang Mi-hyeon , Gupta Shiv K. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Elmquist William F. , Sarkaria Jann N.
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Figure 1 shows bar graph of quantification of cells that have >25 gH2AX foci per cell in M15 cell line, after treatment with peposertib and radiation
Characterization of ADCs from Design and Evaluation of ZD06519, a Novel Camptothecin Payload for Antibody Drug Conjugates
Authors: Petersen Mark E. , Brant Michael G. , Lasalle Manuel , Das Samir , Duan Renee , Wong Jodi , Ding Tong , Wu Kaylee J. , Siddappa Dayananda , Fang Chen , Zhang Wen , Wu Alex M. L. , Hirkala-Schaefer Truman , Garnett Graham A. E. , Fung Vincent , Yang Luying , Hernandez Rojas Andrea , Lawn Samuel O. , Barnscher Stuart D. , Rich Jamie R. , Colombo Raffaele
Published: May 2024

HPLC-HIC, LC-MS, HPLC-SEC, residual free drug analysis, and endotoxin levels of ADCs