bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Scattering of Fast Electrons and Positrons by Heavy Elements
Authors: Gunnersen EM
Published: September 2010

The angular distribution for the single elastic
scattering of 1.07 MeV, positrons and electrons by the Hartree field of mercury
(Z=80) is calculated. The results show no large deviations from Coulomb values
except, possibly, a slight increase in the region of 90� for electrons.
The Spontaneous Emulsification of Mixtures of Oleic Acid and Paraffin Oil in Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Mansfield WW
Published: September 2010

Interfacial tension values occurring during
the transfer of oleic acid from paraffin oil to aqueous alkali have been
determined by the sessile-drop method.

It is postulated that the ease of
emulsification observed with these systems arises from the nature of the
changes In interfacial tension associated with the transfer.
Alkaloids of the Australian Rutaceae: Evodia xanthoxyloides F. Muell. III. The Structures of the Coloured Alkaloids, Evoxanthidine, Xanthevodine, and Xanthoxoline
Authors: Cannon JR , Hughes GK , Neill KG , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

The coloured alkaloids, evoxanthidine,
xanthevodine, and xanthoxoline, were shown to be
4-methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyacridone,
1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-methylene-dioxyacridone, and 2.3-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyacridone,
respectively. A total synthesis of xanthoxoline was achieved.
The Chemical Constituents of Australian Flindersia Species. III. The Alkaloids of Flindersia collina Bail
Authors: Anet FAL , Gilham PT , Gow P , Hughes GK , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

The known alkaloid kokusaginine and a new
alkaloid flindersiamine have been isolated from F. collina Bail. They have been
shown to be 6,7-dimethoxy- and 8-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-derivatives
respectively of dictamnine.
Alkaloids of the Australian Rutaceae: Pentaceras australis Hook. F. II. Identification of 5-Methoxycanthinone
Authors: Nelson ER , Price JR
Published: September 2010

The alkaloid C15H10O2N2,
present in the bark of Pentaceras australis Hook. f., has been shown to be
5-methoxycanthin-6-one. It is oxidized by potassium permanganate to β-carboline-1-carboxylic
acid and its lactam ring may be opened by alkali to give a β-carbolylmethoxyacrylic
acid which readily recyclizes to the alkaloid. The position of the methoxyl
group is demonstrated by demethylation and condensation of the resulting
hydroxy-compound with o-phenylenediamine to give a hydroxyquinoxaline.
Attempted hydrogenation of the alkaloid or the derived methoxyacrylic acid led
to elimination of methoxyl.
Studies on the formation of Graphite-Ferric Chloride complexes: Kinetics of Formation
Authors: Barker JA , Croft RC
Published: September 2010

A study has been made of the kinetics of the diffusion of anhydrous FeC1, in graphite.
I t was found that this process can be represented for stages between 50 and 100 per cent.
saturation of the graphite and at temperatures in the range 200 to 360 OC by a relation
of the type
δc/δt = D(δ2c/δr2 + δc/δ/r),
providing the diffusion coefficient D is assigned several values for concentrations of
occluded FeCl3 above and below a critical concentration. The value of the latter was
found to be about two-thirds the saturation concentration of FeCl3 in graphite, this
value apparently being the point at which open hexagonal packing of intercalated
ferric ions is complete and a closer hexagonal packing commences. Values of the
activation energies of occlusion for concentrations above and below two-thirds saturation
were found from the relations of corresponding values of diffusion coefficients to temper-
ature. The small difference between these activation energies which were of the order
of 2 to 3 kcal is attributed to a cancelling of effects, thus the energy necessary to separate
carbon lamellae in early stages of occlusion is offset in later stages by hindrance imposed
on diffusing molecules by those already occluded. Reduction of particle size of graphite
accelerated the occlusion of FeCl3.
A polarographic investigation of the binding properties of Serum Albumin
Authors: Breyer B , Bauer HH
Published: September 2010

It has been shown that the binding
capacity of dissolved serum albumin for methyl orange increases on dilution.
The increased binding capacity implies a change in the protein molecule. The
possible nature of this change is discussed.
Infra-red spectra of compunds containing the Azo-group
Authors: Le Fevre JW , O'Dwyer MF , Werner RL
Published: September 2010

Infra-red absorption spectra, over the
rock-salt region, are reported for 43 substances believed to contain the -N=N-
group. In the " double bond " region two common frequencies are
noted, at 1406 and 1579 cm-1 (with standard deviations of �14 and � 9
cm-1 respectively). Since these may arise wholly or partly from
vibrations of the aromatic or heterocyclic nuclei adjacent to the azo-linkages,
the conclusion is drawn that N=N stretching modes, if active in absorption, are
contributors to either or both of the bands at the points mentioned.
Studies in relation to Biosynthesis. I. Some possible routes to derivatives of Orcinol and Phloroglucinol
Authors: Birch AJ , Donovan FW
Published: September 2010

Correlations of the structures of some
natural products containing orcinol or phloroglucinol nuclei, and related
compounds, support the hypothesis that the molecules are elaborated, at least
in part, by the head-to-tail linkage of acetate units. Chemical and biochemical
evidence is cited in support of the hypothesis.
pK values and reactivity to nitrous acid of some glutamine and asparagine dipeptides
Authors: Leach SJ , Lindley H
Published: September 2010

Determinations are reported of the pK
values of the amino- and carboxyl groups of the following peptides : glycyl-,
L-leucyl-, and L-cysteinyl-L-asparagine, L-asparaginylglycine,
glycyl-DL-glutamine, and L-leucyl-L-glutamine. It was observed that the pK of
the amino-groups tended to be markedly reduced by the adjacent amide group. The
reaction of these peptides (except L-cysteinyl-L-asparagine) with nitrous acid
has also been investigated. The results are discussed in the light of recent
suggestions on the structure of asparagine.
Statistics of nearest-neighbour dipole and exchange interactions
Authors: Barker JA
Published: September 2010

High-temperature partition functions for
nearest-neighbour dipole and exchange interactions on the simple cubic lattice
are calculated as far as the terms in (1/kT)8. The results for the
dipole case are used in a qualitative discussion of some aspects of the theory
of polar liquids and solutions. The principal conclusions are that slow
convergence probably makes the power series approach unsatisfactory in the
theory of highly polar liquids, and even more unsatisfactory in the theory of
solutions containing highly polar components. A simple evaluation of the
averages over orientations of dipoles required in this and similar work is
given in Appendix I.
The partition separation of tropane alkaloids
Authors: Botttomley W , Mortimer PI
Published: September 2010

Data on the partition of tropane alkaloids
between an aqueous buffer phase, of varied pH, and chloroform are presented in
terms of the pH at which 50 per cent. extraction occurs. The true distribution
coefficient of some of the alkaloids is derived from the data.

The effect of varying the organic phase
has been studied. From the data obtained, the operation of an analytical
partition chromatography column is described.
Liquid-Vapour equilibria. V. The system Carbon Tetrachloride + Acetonitrile at 45°C
Authors: Brown I , Smith F
Published: September 2010

Liquid-vapour equilibrium data are given
for the system carbon tetrachloride + acetonitrile at 45.00 �C. These data are
used to calculate the excess free energy of mixing for this system.
The mechanism of the Cannizzaro reaction of Formaldehyde
Authors: Martin RJL
Published: September 2010

For a wide range of concentrations of
formaldehyde and alkali, the Cannizzaro reaction of formaldehyde can be
described as the sum of a third and a fourth order reaction. However, the
concentrations which are used for the rate equations must be corrected for the
amount of methylene glycol anion present. The dissociation constant of
methylene glycol as determined from the kinetic data is the same magnitude as
that derived electrometrically. The mechanism of the reaction is interpreted as
a reaction between formaldehyde and the hydride ion donors CH2(O-)(OH) and CH2(O-)(O-)

It is shown why the third order reaction
proposed by previous workers is not always applicable.
The Alkaloids of Senecio jacobaea L.
Authors: Bradbury RB , Culvenor CCJ
Published: September 2010

The following five alkaloids have been
isolated from Senecio jacobaea L. (ragwort) : seneciphylline, C18H23O5N
; jacobine, C18H25O6N ; jacozine, C18H23O6N
; jaconine, C20H32O7NCl; and jacoline, C18H27O7N.
Jacodine which has been identified as seneciphylline, jacobine and jaconine
have been isolated from this species by earlier workers, but jacozine and
jacoline are new alkaloids.
Solvent effects in infra-red spectra: C=O, C-H, and C-C vibrations
Authors: Bayliss NS , Cole ARH , Little LH
Published: September 2010

Frequency displacements and intensities
are reported for the C=O stretching fundamental and first overtone in acetone,
acetaldehyde, and diisopropyl ketone, for the chloroform C-H stretching
fundamental, and for the acetonitrile C-C stretching fundamental, all in a
variety of non-polar and polar solvents. The solvent displacement of C-C is
very small (?1 K), for C-H and C=O it is to the red and of the order
of 10-20 K, with C=O overtones being displaced about twice as much as the
fundamentals. The Kirkwood relation between the frequency displacement and
solvent dielectric constant is inadequate if the static D is used. The C=O
results can be. interpreted in terms of two superimposed effects : (i) the
electronic polarization of the solvent causes a frequency shift related to the
solvent refractive index, and (ii) in polar solvents there is an additional
shift due to solvent dipole orientation. Effect (ii) causes an added
contribution to the intensity. The C-H results do not fit easily into this
interpretation.
An interface reaction of Hexavalent chromium: The polarographic behaviour of HCrO4- and CrO42-
Authors: Green JH , Walkey A
Published: September 2010

Current-voltage relationships have been
determined for the electroreduction of dilute chromate solutions in a range of
bicarbonate-carbonate buffers at the dropping mercury electrode. Double waves
are obtained whose relative heights are a function of the pH value. By analogy
with the behaviour of pyruvic acid an interface reaction with some proton donor
prior to the reduction to the trivalent state is suggested (CrO42-
+HB- → HCrO4- + B-). The rate
constants for the interface reaction are computed for different donors by the
method of Koutecky and Brdicka (1947). Adsorption-desorption processes in the
region of the electrocapillary zero may account for the shape of the current-voltage
curves, and, if so, the explanation based simply on an interface reaction will
require modification. The occurrence of interface reactions and of
adsorption-desorption processes in other inorganic systems is discussed.
Geijerin: A new coumarin from the bark of Geijera salicifolia Schott
Authors: Lahey FN , Wluka DJ
Published: September 2010

The bark of Geijera salicifolia Schott has
yielded a new coumarin, geijerin, which has been shown to be
6-isovaleryl-7-methoxycoumarin.
Polarography of some coordination compounds of platinum
Authors: Hall JR , Plowman RA
Published: September 2010

The hydroxo- and
chloropentammineplatinum(IV) ions have been studied in potassium chloride,
potassium nitrate, and potassium nitrate plus ammonia. Bromopentammineplatinum(IV)
ion was studied in potassium chloride. All the ions were reduced irreversibly,
producing waves with id proportional to concentration. The wave heights
corresponded to two-electron reductions. The effect of substituting an
electronegative group for an ammonia molecule in the hexammineplatinum(IV) ion
was to shift the half-wave potential in the order

������������������ -Br ≤ -Cl < -NH3
< -OH

Continuous discharge began in every case
at c. -1.3 V and was assumed due to the evolution of hydrogen consequent to the
further reduction of the complex to platinum metal.
The synthesis of Angustifolionol.
Authors: Birch AJ , Elliott P , Mukerjee SK , Rajagopalan TR , Seshadri TR , Varadarajan S
Published: September 2010

Angustifolionol
(5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethylchromone) has been synthesized by three
different methods.
Geometric isomerism in some unsaturated aliphatic ketones
Authors: Hatt HH , Lamberton JA
Published: September 2010

If ketones are prepared by heating
unsaturated fatty acids at a high temperature in the presence of a metal or
metallic oxide catalyst, some stereoisomeric change and movement of the double
bond accompany ketonization. The ketones, oleone and erucone of the
cis-cis-class, described in the literature as products of reactions of this
kind, are shown to have been mixtures of isomers with trans-trans-forms
predominating. Oleone and erucone, containing no detectable amounts of
trans-material can be prepared either from the corresponding acyl chloride and
triethylamine, or by condensation of the methyl or ethyl ester of the
appropriate acid in xylene using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. These ketones are
readily converted to the tetrahydroxy ketones and thence by oxidation to
ketodibasic acids, useful as intermediates for the preparation of cyclic
ketones.
Studies in the chemistry of Phenothiazine. I. Substituted o-Aminobenzenethiols
Authors: Farrington KJ , Warbutton WK
Published: September 2010

The preparation of some chloro-substituted
o-aminobenzenethiols, and their conversion to phenothiazines, are described.
The scope and limitations of some methods for preparing the former are
discussed.
The overlap integral in the molecular-orbital theory of conjugated compounds. I. General Theory
Authors: Bassett IM , Brown RD
Published: September 2010

The simple LCAO molecular-orbital theory
with inclusion of overlap is developed in terms of two basic quantities-the
atom charge density and the bond charge density. General formulae are derived
for these and other related quantities and some identities are obtained for
checking numerical calculations.

Certain singularities arising in the
mathematics are discussed in Appendix I.
Chemical constitution and anthelmintic activity. III. Preparation of subtituted phenothiazines and some mono and dicyclic analogues
Authors: Cymerman-Craig J , Rogers WP , Tate ME
Published: September 2010

A number of alkoxy- and
chlorophenothiazines have been prepared. A simple synthesis of 1,4-thiazane is
described, and improved methods of preparation of 1-benzyl- and 1-benzoylpiperazine
have been developed and used in the preparation of some monosubstituted
piperazines.
Rapidreaction between unifunctional molecules and molecules unifunctional at one position and n-functional at another
Authors: Higgins HG
Published: September 2010

Rate equations for the reaction between A
and B, where B is unifunctional, and A is unifunctional at one and n-functional
at the other of two independent positions, lead to expressions for the final
relative concentrations of the reactants and products in terms of the initial
concentrations of A and B, the ratio of the velocity constants at the two
positions on A, and the functionality n. These results are applied to the
reaction of tryptophane with p-diazobenzenesulphonic acid, in which it appears
that the indole group reacts somewhat faster than the amino group.
The mechanism of the Pinacol-Pinacone rearragement. VI. Low temperature kinetics
Authors: Duncan JF , Lynn KR
Published: September 2010

The low temperature rearrangement of
pinacol to pinacone appears to be second order with respect to the hydrogen ion
concentration. The activation energy is, however, similar to that of the high
temperature reaction. This is interpreted as indicating that in the low
temperature reaction the synartetic step is formed by a two stage process,
through a stable intermediate, and each stage requires the participation of a
hydrogen ion.
A study of Mangesium Oxysulphates
Authors: Demediuk T , Cole WF
Published: September 2010

The reactions which take place in the
system MgO-MgSO4-H2O at
concentrations of MgSO4 solutions up to
saturation and temperatures from 30 to 120 �C have been studied in detail. Four
oxysulphates have been found, namely, 5Mg(OH)2.MgSO4. 3 or 2H2O, 3Mg(OH)2.MgSO4.8H2O,
Mg(OH)2. MgSO4.5H2O,
and Mg(OH)2.2MgSO4.3H2O,
and an equilibrium diagram has been prepared which gives the conditions at
which each is stable. X-Ray diffraction powder patterns of each of the
oxysulphates are given and the stabilities of the compounds are briefly
discussed.
The binding of Zinc by S-Carboxymethyl Kerateine 2 from wool
Authors: Gillespie JM , Springell PH
Published: September 2010

The binding of zinc from zinc acetate
solution by the S-carboxymethyl derivative of kerateine 2 (SCMK2), a soluble
protein extracted from reduced wool, has been studied by the method of
equilibrium dialysis over the pH range 5.5 to 8.0 using radioactive 65Zn to determine the zinc concentration.

The binding increases as the pH increases
from 5.5 to 7.5. The extent of binding is also a function of free zinc
concentration, but it is not affected by changes in ionic strength between 0.15
and 1.0. The difference in solubility between the zinc complexes of the two
protein components of SCMK2 is probably not due to the differences in the
amount of zinc bound.

The binding of zinc is reversible over the
concentration range studied at both pH 6.0 and 7.5, and its removal is
accelerated by treatment with chelating agents.

Over the pH range 6.0 to 7.5 more zinc is
bound by this protein than can be accounted for by histidine binding alone,
assuming a 1 : 1 zinc-histidine ratio.
An application of the microelectrophoresis method to the study of the surface properties of insoluble oxides
Authors: Johansen PG , Buchanan AS
Published: September 2010

The variation with pH
of the electrophoretic mobility of suspended particles has been determined for
Fe2O3, TiO2, SnO2, SiO2,
Al2O3, and for a number of synthetic aluminosilicates.
The properties of the natural substances have been compared with those of
synthetic materials before and after ignition at high temperatures. In general,
the dehydration and recrystallization caused by ignition of the precipitated
materials tend to produce surfaces resembling those of the natural crystals.
The isolation and identifiction of 5-Hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic Acid from Leucaena glauca Benth
Authors: Hegarty MP
Published: September 2010

The isolation and identification of
5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid from the leaves of L. glauca Benth. by
procedures using ion-exchange resins and chromatography are described. This
imino acid has been synthesized and the resulting diastereo-isomers separated
by chromatographic techniques. The stereochemistry of the natural and the
synthetic compounds is discussed.
The photochemical decomposition of the citrate-ferric iron comples: A study of the reaction products by paper ionoporesis
Authors: Frahn JL
Published: September 2010

A solution containing citric acid (0.lM)
and ferric chloride (0.1M) was
irradiated by bright sunlight for 3 hr. The products of the
photochemical reaction were examined by means of paper ionophoresis using 0.05M sodium chloride as the
electrolyte. Acetone-dicarboxylic acid and acetoacetic acid separated readily
and were identified by their positions on the paper and by their red-violet
reactions on contact with a solution of ferric chloride sprayed onto the paper.

The ferrous iron
simultaneously produced during the photochemical reaction also separated during
ionophoresis and was identified on the paper.

The existence of an
anionic citrate-ferric iron complex was demonstrated by paper ionophoresis.
The sulphides, Selenides, and Tellurides of Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, and Thorium. II. Chemical properties
Authors: Bear J , McTaggart FK
Published: September 2010

Reactions of the main phases (AXn where n≥l)
occurring in the 12 systems ,comprising the sulphides, selenides, and tellurides
of Ti, Zr, Hf, and Th are discussed. These reactions include those with oxygen,
chlorine, alkali metals, sulphur, and selenium, acids, alkalis, oxidizing
agents, alcohols, hydrogen, and thermal degradation in a vacuum. A number of
heats of formation are given.
The effect of Cobalt on the Kinetics of Oxygen evolution at a Lead Dioxide anode in Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Koch DFA
Published: September 2010

The overpotential (n)-log current density (log i) curves for the evolution of oxygen
at a lead dioxide anode in 2N H2SO4 both in the absence
and presence of cobaltous sulphate in solution have been used to determine the
electrode kinetic constants α ; i0 for a series of temperatures
and also ΔH0*:.
At 25 �C in the absence of cobalt α=O.59, i0= 10-11,
and ΔH0*=
15 kcal mole-1 When 13 mg/l cobaltous sulphate is added α= 1.0,
i0= 10-15, and ΔH0*:=29
kcal mole-1.

Possible mechanisms for the reaction are
discussed on the basis of these values and the rate determining steps suggested
(where M represents the PbO2 surface) are M +H2O =MOH +H+
+e in the absence of cobalt and 2CoOH++ = 2Co++ +H2O
+ O in its presence.
Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Catalysed by Ruthenium complexes
Authors: Dwyer FP , King NK , Winfield ME
Published: September 2010

A preliminary study has been made of the
oxidation of four octahedral RuII
complexes in aqueous solution, particularly by H2O2.
Kinetic measurements and simple experiments such as electrolytic oxidation
followed by reduction with H2O2 have been used to obtain
evidence for the mechanism of H2O2 decomposition when
catalysed by the ruthenium complexes. The main course of the catalysis appears
to consist in oxidation of RuII to RuIV with a corresponding reduction of H2O2
to hydroxyl ions, followed by a "electron reduction of RuIV
to RuII with oxidation of H2O2
to O2 and hydrogen ions.
The surface properties of Alcohols containing sterically hindered Hydroxyl groups
Authors: Hibberd gE , Alexander AE
Published: September 2010

The surface properties of several alcohols
containing sterically hindered hydroxyl groups have been studied.

Tricyclohexyl carbinol formed monolayers
having a surface moment considerably greater than that of long-chain alcohols.
It is suggested that this is due to the virtual inaccessibility of the C-O bond
to a water molecule.

The collapse phenomenon of tricyclohexyl
carbinol is quite different from that expected for a compound of m.p. 91-92 �C.
It appears that the molecules collapse to form a lens or glass, rather than a
crystal.

1,1,3,3-Tetraphenyl propanediol-1,3 gave
monolayers of similar surface properties. The other compounds tested did not
give films of measurable stability.
Some quantitative infra-red absorption studies of coals, pyrolysed coals, and their acetyl derivatives
Authors: Durie RA , Sternhell S
Published: September 2010

Quantitative studies have been made of the
changes in the infra-red spectra of coals and chars that follow their
acetylation. Those features in the spectra of the acetylated materials that are
characteristic of the acetate groups were found to vary quantitatively with the
chemically determined acetyl contents. Changes occurring in the hydroxyl
absorption (at 3380 cm-1) as a result of pyrolysis and acetylation
tend to confirm that the 5 to 7 per cent. of oxygen which is not detected in
the functional group analysis of Victorian brown coals is predominantly in the
form of hydroxyl groups which resist acetylation and which appear to be stable
on heating to about 450 �C.
Studies in Plant Chemistry. I. The Essential Oils of Eucalyptus caesia Benth. and E. torquata Luehm. and the Structure of Torquatone
Authors: Bowyer RC , Jefferies PR
Published: September 2010

A preliminary study of the essential oils
of Eucalyptus caesia Benth, and E. torquata Luehm. has revealed the presence of a common ketonic
substituent C16H24O4. On the basis of
degradative work described, the new substance, torquatone,
has been assigned structure II, [2,4,6-trimethoxy-3,5-dimethyl]benzyl
isopropyl ketone.
Simplified Analogues of Lysergic Acid. II. Derivatives of 3-(o-Tolyl)-n-propylarnine and 1-(o-Tolyl)isopropylamine
Authors: Craig JC , Moore B , Ritchie E
Published: September 2010

Several N-alkyl derivatives of 3-(o-tolyl)-n-propylamine
and 1-(o-tolyl)isopropyl-amine have been prepared and examined for lysergic
acid-like activity.
Reflux in Counter-Current Distribution. I. The Acid-Base Process
Authors: Barker JA , Beecham AF
Published: September 2010

A method for separating weak acids or
bases is described based on counter-current distribution between an organic
solvent and an aqueous phase containing their salts. The process is carried out
in a Craig tube system modified to permit solvent flow in both directions. By
means of stripping sections the system is run under total or partial reflux.
This process is closely analogous to fractional distillation, each tube being
equivalent to two theoretical plates. The separation attainable in such a system
at equilibrium and the rate of approach to equilibrium are discussed
quantitatively and optimum operating conditions evaluated. As an example the
separation of o- and p-toluic acids is described.
Reflux in Counter-Current Distribution. II. The Partition Process
Authors: Beecham AF , Maslen VW
Published: September 2010

A method is described of applying reflux
to the separation of two solutes by counter-current distribution in a modified
Craig tube system. Expressions are derived which relate the solute distribution
at any stage to the number of transfers performed. The method is analysed in
terms of the number of tubes and transfers required to effect separation. It is
concluded that the process has a high theoretical resolving power but that its
usefulness may be limited since its application entails repeated recovery of
solute from end fractions. The distribution under reflux of m- and
p-nitroaniline is described.
The Decomposition of Lasiocarpic and Echimidinic Acids in Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Crowley HC , Culvenor CCJ
Published: September 2010

In concentrated hydrochloric acid at 100 �C,
lasiocarpic acid is readily decomposed with formation principally of
acetaldehyde, dimethylpyruvic acid, and α-keto-ββ-dimethyl-γ-valerolactone.
Echimidinic acid is similarly and more rapidly decomposed while trachelanthic
and heliotric acids are stable at 100 �C. In dilute hydrochloric acid,
lasiocarpic acid is slowly converted into acetaldehyde, acetone,
dimethylpyruvic acid, (+)-2-methoxy-4-methylpentan-3-one (IX),
2-methylpent-1-en-3-one (XI), and an unidentified compound.

The isolation of IX shows that lasiocarpic
and heliotric acids have the same absolute, configuration at the asymmetric
carbon atom which bears the methoxyl group.
The Chemical Constituents of Australian Flindersia Species. XI. The Structures of Maculosidine and Maculosine, two Alkaloids from F. maculosa Lindl
Authors: Prager RH , Ritchie E , Taylor WC
Published: September 2010

Maculosidine has the structure I,
previously suggested. By degradation it is converted to 6,8-dimethoxy-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone,
identified by synthesis.

Maculosine, which has formula C17H1706N
and the typical ultraviolet spectrum of a furoquinoline, is oxidized by
periodate to a substance which is degraded to the known 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-2-quinolone.
This evidence leads to the assignment of IV as its structure.
Comparative Studies of Brown Coal and Lignin. II. The Action of Concentrated Alkali at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Lynch BM , Durie RA
Published: September 2010

A study was made of the products formed by
treating brown coal or lignin with concentrated aqueous or ethanolic alkali at
200 �C. With brown coals a major redistribution of the oxygen-containing
functional groups appeared to occur, because the products contained
aliphatically linked carboxyl groups and aliphatic hydroxyl, as well as
phenolic hydroxyl groups. The behaviour of lignin under the same conditions was
less clear but sufficiently similar to that of brown coal to suggest that
reactions of the same type were occurring in both cases.

Reactions involving decarboxylation, ring
scission of dihydric phenol structures, and subsequent hydrogenation are
suggested tentatively as the main steps in the formation of the products.

The results provide some additional
evidence for the view that there is a simple chemical relation between Victorian
brown coal and lignin.
Synthesis of Pleurospermine, the Leaf Alkaloid of Cryptocarya pleurosperma White and Francis
Authors: Loder JW
Published: September 2010

4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxy-2-(2-piperidyl)acetophenone
was synthesized and found to be identical with natural racemic pleurospermine.
Its biogenetic relationship to cryptopleurine, the bark alkaloid, is discussed.
Some Constituents of Piptocalyx moorei Oliv
Authors: Riggs NV , Stevens JD
Published: September 2010

Light petroleum extracts of the New South
Wales bitter vine, Piptocalyx moorei Oliv., have yielded β-sitosterol, a
trace of a red crystalline substance (probably carotenoid), and a new lignan of
the αα?-diaryl-ββ?-dimethyltetrahydrofuran series whose detailed
structure and partial stereochemistry are established by proton magnetic
resonance measurements. Methanol extracts have yielded quercitrin and a
practically tasteless β-D-glucopyranoside, C17H24O12
; the aqueous mother liquors remain intensely bitter.
Double-layer Influence on the A.C. Polarographic Behaviour of Zinc(II)
Authors: Bauer HH , Goodwin PB
Published: September 2010

It has been shown that the structure of
the double layer influences the reduction of zinc(II) by altering the rate and
activation energy of the electrochemical reaction ; there was no evidence that
the effective concentration of zinc(II) was different from the bulk
concentration. In perchlorate solutions, there was a direct correlation between
the activation energy of the reaction and the potential at the outer Helmholtz
plane, while in the presence of specifically adsorbed iodide ions, the
activation energy was considerably less, indicating a different and readier
reaction path for the electron transfer over an iodide " bridge ".
Equilibria in Acetic Acid: Ion Association Constants of Salts and the Autoprotolysis Constant of Acetic Acid at 105.7°C
Authors: Martin RJL
Published: September 2010

The ion association constants KA=[M+A-]/[M+][A-]
which have been measured conductimetrically at 105 7 �C in acetic acid are :
perchloric acid 0.0644 X 106, sodium perchlorate 0.1346 x 106,
and sodium acetate 0.752 x 106. The parameters 6, centre to centre
distance between the ions at contact, which were calculated from Bjerrum's
formula, are : perchloric acid 4.52 Ǻ, sodium perchlorate 4.20 Ǻ, and
sodium acetate 3.61 Ǻ. The autoprotolysis constant, K = [H2+
Ac][Ac-]= 1.17 x 10-19, was calculated from the specific
conductivity of acetic acid at 105.7 �C. The acetic acidium acetate ion pairs
were calculated to be 100.0% dissociated.
The Preparation and Resolution of the Bis-(2,2'-bipyridine)-l,10-phenanthrolinenickel(II) and the Bis-(1,10-phenanthroline)-2,2'-bipyridinenickel(II) Ions
Authors: Broomhead JA , Dwyer FP
Published: September 2010

The new complexes bis-(2,2'-bipyridine)-1,10-phenanthrolinenickel(II)
chloride 5-hydrate and bis-(1,10-phenanthroline)-2,2'-bipyridinenickel(II)
chloride %hydrate have been prepared by the addition of two molecules of the
required ligand to the mono complex. They have been resolved using sodium D-arsenyltartrate
and sodium D-antimonyltartrate respectively. The optical forms racemize rapidly
in solution and the rates of racemization are increased by both acid and base.
The Chemistry of Eremophila Species. IV. Some Flavonoid Constituents
Authors: Jefferies PR , Knox JR , Middleton EJ
Published: September 2010

A pigment from Eremophila fraseri F.
Muell. has been shown to be 5,3',5'-trihydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone by
degradation and synthesis of the 3',5'-dimethyl ether. Pinobanksin and
galangin-3-methyl ether have been isolated from E. ramossissima and E. alternifolia.
Electronic States of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: The Franck-Condon Principle and Geometries in Excited States
Authors: McCoy EF , Ross IG
Published: September 2010

It is suggested that electronic
transitions in aromatic hydrocarbons can profitably be characterized by a
quantity R, where R2 is the sum of the squares of the bond length
changes accompanying the transition. R determines, via the Franck-Condon principle,
the distribution of intensity within the vibrational envelope of a transition.
In polycyclic aromatics, values of R can be extracted from solution spectra, if
the intervals of about 1400 cm-1 which commonly separate the
vibrational peaks are interpreted as defining quasi-progressions in a skeletal
bond displacement vibration. Values of R so determined are compared with values
computed from bond orders in excited states, using the wave-functions of
Pariser. Such comparisons are made for benzene, naphthalene, azulene, and
anthracene. Agreement is good. The calculated bond orders are tabulated.

In an Appendix, bond angles in aromatic
rings are calculated on the assumption that the observed angles minimize the σ-bond
strain energy. Angles are calculated for the ground states of naphthalene and
anthracene, and for two excited states of naphthalene. The excited state
geometries so deduced are depicted.
Hydrogen Bonding in Organic Compounds. VI. Interaction between Groups in ortho-Substituted Anilines
Authors: Hambly AN , O'Grady BV
Published: September 2010

The infrared spectra of anilines, with a
single methyl group as ortho-substituent, conform to the modified Bellamy and
Williams equation which was found to correlate the antisymmetric and symmetric
stretching frequencies of the NH2 group when only meta- or
para-substituents were present. Methyl substituents at both positions 2 and 6
to the amine produce a change that can be described as anti-hydrogen bonding.
Substitution by alkoxy groups or halogen at the position ortho to the amine
group causes deviations from the equation in the direction indicative of
hydrogen bonding. Monodeuterated 2-bromo-, 2-iodo, and 2-cyanoaniline give
evidence of extremely weak hydrogen bonds by a small difference in the NH and
ND vibrations of two isomeric forms bonded through H and D respectively. The
spectra of monodeuterated 2-alkoxy-, 2-fluoro-, and 2-phenylaniline did not
show any resolution of the bands due to NH and ND vibrations, and hydrogen
bonding between the ortho-substituents can be regarded as negligible in these
compounds.

An o-trifluoromethyl substituent appears
to exert a repulsive effect on the amine group with no formation of a hydrogen
bond. Rotational isomers occur in carbon tetrachloride solutions of
2,6-dihalogeno-4-nitroanilines.
The Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide by Ferric Ion
Authors: Garten VA
Published: September 2010

New experiments are described on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by
ferric ion.
It is shown that the experimental results can reasonably be represented by a relation
of the form
-d[H2O2]
/dt=Kexpt.[H2O2] -bexpt.,
if one omits the data obtained during the first few minutes of decomposition. The
anomalies coincide with the appearance of light emission. The sum total of experi-
mental evidence cannot be reconciled with either a pure free-radical cycle nor with a
pure non-free-radical cycle, but is consistent with a combination of both. It is strongly
suggested that the active intermediates of the propagation consist of dimerized products
of ferric hydrolysis.
Rearrangements of Benziminazole N-Oxide
Authors: Kew DJ , Nelson PF
Published: September 2010

" Oxbenzimidazole " has been
shown to deoxygenate readily with phosphorus trichloride, giving benziminazole.
Rearrangement with cold acetic anhydride and with benzoyl chloride gives
monoacetyl- and monobenzoylbenziminazolones respectively. A N-acetyl structure for the monoacetyl
compound has been established by examination of infrared spectra and by
synthesis. These reactions confirm the N-oxide
structure for " oxbenzimidazole ".
Synthetical Applications of Activated Metal Catalysts. XVIII. The Formation of 2,2',5',2'-Terpyridyl in the Reaction of Pyridine with Degassed Raney Nickel
Authors: Sasse WHF , Whittle CP
Published: September 2010

2,2?,5?,2"-Terpyridyl has been
isolated in c. 0.1 % yield from the reaction between pyridine and degassed
Raney nickel. The structure of this terpyridine has been proved by degradation
to picolinic acid and isocinchomeronic acid.
The Ion-exchange Behaviour of Beryllium Salicylate Complexes
Authors: de Bruin HJ , Fardy JJ , Temple RB
Published: September 2010

The beryllium/salicylate system has been
re-examined by ion-exchange procedures. The results appear to confirm the
existence of a neutral 1 : 1 and an anionic 1 : 2 complex, in both of which the
salicylate radicals form chelate rings. Conditional stability constants have
been measured at 25�C at an ionic strength of 0.15, the values obtained being ������������� β1 = 4.97 x 1012,
and β2 = 2.63 x 1022.
The Nematocidal Principles of Tagetes Roots
Authors: Horn DHS , Lamberton JA
Published: September 2010

The structure assigned to the liquid
nematocidal principle of Tagetes roots 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (II),
by Uhlenbroek and Bijloo, has been confirmed by studying the mass spectra and
nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of (II) and its hydrogenation products. α-Terthienyl
(I) and (II) have also been isolated from fresh roots of T. minuta (T.
glandulifera).
The Exchange of Metal Ions with Quadridentate Complexes. I. The Effects of Metal Salts and Solvents
Authors: Fee WW , West BO
Published: September 2010

The rate of replacement of nickel by
copper ions from NN'-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)nickel(II) has been found
to depend on the copper salt used in the reaction, the rate decreasing in the
order Cu(ClO4)2 > CuCl2 > Cu(CH3C00)2
in 2-methoxyethanol at 70�. The position of equilibrium also varies with the
salt used, the percentage exchange decreasing Cu(ClO4)2
> Cu(CH3OO)2 > CuCl2. The rate data are
explained by assuming a bimolecular reaction step involving copper ions
reacting with a partly dissociated nickel complex. The positions of equilibrium
are related to the competition for copper and nickel ions by anions in solution
as well as the quadridentate ligand. The
rate of reaction is also dependent on the solvent used, increasing with
increase in dielectric constant. This is taken as evidence that a preliminary
dissociation of at least one nickel-ligand bond is of importance in the overall
exchange process.
Studies on the Doebner-Miller, Skraup, and Related Reactions. III. Preparation of Some Substituted 1,10-Phenanthrolines
Authors: Calf GE , Samuel EL
Published: September 2010

Alkyl-substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines
have been prepared by Doebner-Miller and Skraup reactions from substituted
8-aminoquinolines. Some amino, alkylamino, and alkoxy derivatives have also
been synthesized.
Steroidal αβ-Epoxyketones. II. Synthesis of 6α-Bromo-4α,5-epoxy-5α-cholestan-3-one and Its 4β,5β-Isomer
Authors: Collins DJ , Hobbs JJ
Published: September 2010

An efficient method for the epimerization
of 6β-bromocholest-4-en-3-one (III) to 6α-bromocholest-4-en-3-one (V)
via 6-bromo-3-ethoxycholesta-3,5-diene (VI) is described.

Owing to the lability and unusual
properties of several 6a-brominated intermediates, special experimental
procedures were required for the conversion of (V) to 6α-bromo-4α,5-epoxy-5α-cholestan-3-one
(XVIII) and its 4β,5β-isomer (XVI). Thus, diborane reduction of 6α-bromocholest-4-en-3-one
(V) gave a high yield of the corresponding 3β-alcohol (IV; R = H) which
upon epoxidation with trifluoroperacetic acid and chromatography of the product
over florid yielded 6α-bromo-4β,5-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3β-ol
(XVII; R = H), and its 4α,5α-isomer (XV; R
= H).

Chromic acid-acetone oxidation of the
isomeric epoxyalcohols (XV; R = H) and (XVII; R = H) afforded 6α-bromo-4α,5-epoxy-5α-cholestan-3-one
(XVIII) and 6α-bromo-4β,5-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one (XVI),
respectively.
A synthesis of 1,3-Di-O-(glycerol-3'-phosphoryl) glycerol
Authors: Plackett P
Published: September 2010

2-O-Benzylglycerol
was treated with 1,2-O-isopropylidene-L-glycerol
3-dihydrogen phosphate and dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide in dry pyridine.
Deacetonation and ion-exchange chromatography of the reaction products yielded
the 2-O-benzyl ether of 1,3-di-O-(glycerol-3'-phosphoryl)glycerol, from
which the benzyl group was removed by catalytic hydrogenation.
Alkaloids of the Australian Rutaceae: Halfordia scleroxyla. II. Isolation and structure of the alkaloids
Authors: Crow WD , Hodgkin JH
Published: September 2010

The bark of Halfordia scleroxyla contains
the tertiary bases halfordine, C19H20O4N2
(II), halfordinone, C19H18O3N2 (III),
and halfordinol, C14H10O2N2 (IV),
together with the yellow quaternary base N-methylhalfordinium chloride, C20H23O4N2+Cl-
(I). These alkaloids are derivatives of 2(3'-pyridyl)-5-(4"-hydroxyphenyl)oxazole;
physical and chemical evidence for the structural assignments is presented.
Extractives of Australian timbers. V. Ceanothic acid
Authors: Eade RA , Kornis G , Simes JJH
Published: September 2010

Further evidence supporting structure (II)
for ceanothic acid is given. The isopropenyl side chain has been degraded to
yield a trisnorketone; reactions involving the isopropenyl and carboxyl groups
attached to ring E and the enlargement of ring E are discussed and a close
parallel with the corresponding chemistry of betulic acid is presented. The
action of alkali effects isomerizations involving the ring A substituents and
this, together with spectroscopic evidence, has been shown to support the stereochemistry
assigned to the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups attached to ring A as in (II).
The syntheses of compounds related to 2-thienylmethyl 2-(2-imidazolinyl) sulphide
Authors: Farrington KJ
Published: September 2010

The syntheses of the anthelmintic
2-thienylmethyl 2-(2-imidazolinyl) sulphide and a series of related compounds
are described.
Studies on dhava tannins. I. The isolation and constitution of a gallotannin from dhava (Anogeissus latifolia)
Authors: Reddy KK , Rajadurai S , Sastry KNS , Nayudamma Y
Published: September 2010

The isolation and purification of a
gallotannin from dhava, an indigenous leaf-tanning plant, is described. The
gallotannin from analysis and other degradative studies was found to be an
octa- or nonagalloylated glucose. The glucose core of the tannin is established
by hydrolysis experiments using alkali. Further, by methanolysis and other
reactions it was shown that the tannin contains a β-penta-O-galloylated glucose to which chains
containing at least three galloyl groups are attached.
The molecular polarity and polarizability of tri-isopropanolamine borate in benzene
Authors: Aroney MJ , Le Fevre RJW , Saxby JD
Published: September 2010

The apparent dipole moment and the
electric birefringence of triisopropanolamine borate in benzene at 25� have
been measured. The results can be interpreted in terms of solute-associations
of the kind described by Pugh and Stokes. The dimer moment is compatible with a
mixture of 60% parallel (→) and 40% anti-parallel (→ ←) forms,
and the trimer moment with a mixture of 35% parallel (→ → →)
and 65% anti-parallel (→ → ←) forms. These proportions are consistent
with the observed molar Kerr constants.
The anomalous paramagnetism of iron(III) NN-dialkyldithiocarbamates
Authors: White AH , Roper R , Kokot E , Waterman H , Martin RL
Published: September 2010

The magnetic moments of a series of 19 NN-disubstituted dithiocarbamates of
iron(III), [Fe(S2C.NR?R")3], are anomalous in that
their behaviour is neither "high-" nor "low-spin". Values
of μeff. at room
temperature lie between 2.62 and 5.83 B.M., the datum for each compound
depending on the chemical nature of the substituents R' and R". This
anomalous situation persists in benzene or chloroform solution. Cryoscopic and
ebullioscopic molecular weight determinations establish that all the compounds
are monomeric, which excludes the possibility that the magnetic behaviour
arises from the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions of either
the inter- or intra-molecular type.

These observations strongly support the
early and generally overlooked work of Cambi who in 1932 proposed a thermal
equilibrium between "magnetic isomers" of spins S = � and S = 5/2 to
account for the origin of the magnetic anomaly.
Algebraic extrapolation in ternary systems
Authors: Cheesman GH , Nunn EK
Published: September 2010

An algebraic extrapolation is used to
determine the composition of the solid phase in a ternary system involving at
least one liquid and one solid phase. The method used is amenable to
programming for computers.
Synthetic studies in the I ,2-dithiole series. I. Derivatives of 4-Amino-1,2-dithiol-3-one
Authors: Brown RFC , Rae ID
Published: September 2010

Hippuric acid has been converted into
4-benzamido-1,2-dithiol-3-one (16% yield) by the successive action of ethyl
orthoformate in acetic anhydride and then hydrogen sulphide, sulphur, and
quinoline. Replacement of the benzoyl group by other acyl groups has given a
series of acylamino compounds, and in some cases the corresponding 3-thiones
have also been prepared.
The conductance of dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions from 15° to 75°
Authors: Marsh KN , Stokes RH
Published: September 2010

The conductances of sodium hydroxide
solutions at 15�, 25�, 50�, and 75� have been determined at concentrations up
to 0.02N with special precautions to eliminate the effects of carbon dioxide
and of alkaline attack on glass cells. The limiting conductances have been
determined from the Fuoss-Onsager and Pitts equations, and the mobility of the
hydroxide ion calculated. The theoretical specific conductance of water at
various temperatures has been calculated.
The synthesis and some structural features of 2-Methyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione
Authors: Johns RB , Kriegler AB
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of
2-methyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione and its chemical transformations are reported.
Physical data suggest that it exists in solution and the solid state as the
enol. The characteristic acid strength can be accounted for by the carbonyl
dipole interaction with the acid-base centre. Homoallylic coupling is shown to
occur in the N.M.R. spectrum and is suggested to be general for similar
systems.
Rate of advancement of reactions in turbulent flows
Authors: Bosworth RCL , Groden CM
Published: September 2010

When a reacting substance or mixture is
caused to flow in a cylindrical reactor, all portions of the stream will not
flow at the same rate and will exhibit different residence times and,
accordingly, are subject to different extents of degrees of reaction. The
average degrees of reaction following the residence time distribution proper to
laminar flow are given in the earlier publication1 and this paper extends the
treatment to that of turbulent flow.

In the earlier treatment of laminar flow
the ratio of average extent of reaction with non-interacting streams to that of
complete intermingling, or the C/Cm, is plotted against the ratio of the times
of flow with those of reaction (S). The C/Cm versus S curves are all above
unity and increase with increasing S, with the exception of very high orders of
chemical reaction for which values of C/Cm are all unity.

In the case of turbulent flow the values
of C/Cm are more nearly unity at all values of S.
The chemistry of the Euphorbiaceae. VII. The diterpenes of Ricinocarpus stylosus Diels
Authors: Henrick CA , Jefferies PR
Published: September 2010

The ether extract of Ricinocarpus stylosus
has yielded polyalthic acid, three new naturally occurring flavonoid pigments
and four new kauranoid diterpenes. The latter have been shown to be 16α-(-)-kauran-l7,19-dioic
acid (I; R,R' = CO2H), 19-hydroxy-16α-(-)-kauran-17-oic acid
(I; R = CH2OH, R' = CO2H), kauran-16α,-17,19-triol (III;
R,R' = CH2OH) and (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (IV; R = CO2H).
The N.M.R. correlations of these diterpenoids are discussed.