bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing food loss and waste in fish value chain using a web-based information, Repository
Authors: Peñarubia O , Ward A , Grever M , Ryder J
Published: January 2020

Food loss and waste (FLW) in fisheries is a major concern and occur in most fish distribution chains throughout the world. FLW across the fish value chain is estimated to be 35 percent. These losses constitute lost income to fishers, processors and traders and other value chain actors and contribute to food and nutrition insecurity. Thus, it is globally recognized as a challenge that needs to be addressed. There has been much work done to address and prevent losses in fisheries value chains. However, a key issue is related to the availability and quality of information. Information needed to guide policy development and management of the resources is of poor quality and often not produced or distributed in a timely manner. The 32nd Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI), July 2016 reiterated the topical importance of reducing fish losses and made a plea for the development by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for a guidance for reduction of fish losses. FAO, through the Products, Trade and Marketing Branch (FIAM), supported by the Norwegian government had developed an information repository that can provide solutions for reducing or eliminating food losses for common loss scenarios in fish value chains. It provides access to fish loss and waste related information for informed policy in the fisheries and aquaculture from the post-harvest to consumption stages. It aims to provide guidance to policy-makers, development practitioners, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and value chain actors ability to facilitate the development of solutions to food loss scenarios on the ground at the targeted points of the supply chain, as well as at policy level. The development of the repository was guided by an internal FAO specialist group covering food loss, policy, fisheries and ICT and an expert group of specialists coming from the public sector, civil society and research institutions with representation of a range of geographical regions. A series of internal and external consultations were done before the webpage was launched on May 2019.
Overview and challenges of blood cockle culture in Malaysia
Authors: Saffian N S , Peng C T C , Ilias N , Hwai A T S
Published: January 2020

The blood cockle (Tegillarca granosa) is an important aquaculture species in Southeast Asia and plays a major role on economic importance in Malaysia since 1948. In comparing food value among other bivalves, cockles showed a cheap source of protein among Malaysians. Malaysia used to have a coastline which was suitable for breeding cockles, particularly, Selangor was enriched with a large number of cockles spat naturally developed from mudflats. Unfortunately, production of cockles spat in farming and marketing started to decline in 2000 and stopped production in year 2005 where there are only two main peaks for spawning season which are in March and November. Based on statistics from Department of Fisheries, unstable production of adult cockles occurred since 2011 and drastically declined in 2015, where the total yield for year 2015 was only 16,866.22 tonnes compared to 57,544.40 tonnes in 2011. With the decreased of cockle production, cockles are no longer considered as a cheap seafood resources but a delicacy marketed to the locals and tourists. There are several factors leading to the mortality of seed and adult cockles such as environmental issue, smuggling and overharvesting and low food availability in culture areas. The overview of the cockle status in Malaysia over 28 years, the challenges and the potential of aquaculture of cockles will be presented in this paper.
Utilization of Mycelium sterilium KT31 metabolites with diet for controlling Aeromonas hydrophila infection on catfish Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Wahjuningrum D , Tarman K , Faradisa N , Putri F A , Rudi M
Published: January 2020

Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a freshwater fish that is widely cultivated throughout Indonesia due to its importance commodity and high market prospect. Intensive aquaculture system to increase production has risks, including fish easily infected with the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila or motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) disease in catfish. Alternative efforts to control MAS disease is by using natural source from marine fungal Mycelium sterilium KT31 metabolites. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective dose of fungal Mycelium sterilium KT31 metabolites in feed for preventing and treating infections caused by A. hydrophila in catfish. The feed was prepared by repelleting method and given restricted three times a day. The bacterial concentration used for the challenge test was density of 106 CFU/mL A. hydrophila as much as 0.1 mL per individual. This research was divided into two stage that the preventive experiment and treatment experiment with the different time challenge. Metabolites M. sterilium KT31 dose of 40 mL kg−1 of feed was able to preventing and treating A. hydrophila infection with a better blood value, resulting in the best survival rate and growth rate of catfish.
Stock assessment of pelagic fish in the eastern part of Java Sea: A case study in offshore Regency of Rembang and Tuban, Indonesia
Authors: Zairion  , Hamdani A , Rustandi Y , Fahrudin A , Arkham M N , Ramli A , Trihandoyo A
Published: January 2020

Total annual landing of pelagic fish resources from the eastern part of Java Sea tend to be increased, but the stock status is not known well. This study was aimed to analyse optimal exploitation and stock status of pelagic fish in the eastern part of Java Sea and enlighten overfishing issues. Monthly catch of pelagic fish and effort data (trips) based on fishing gear during the period 2010 to 2016 were collected from four representative fish landing base or fishing port (i.e. Tasik Agung, Sarang, and Karang Anyer of Rembang Regency, and Bulu of Tuban Regency). Analyses were carried out using a surplus production model, and the best fit estimation was the Schaefer Model with Fox algorithm approach. Estimated bio-technique parameter of pelagic fish stock such as intrinsic growth rate (r) was 0.27 ton per year, catchability coefficient (q) was 0.000017 ton per unit, and environmental carrying capacity (K) was 622,614.72 ton per year. Result also showed that optimal production (h), effort (E) and profit (π) at Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) level 42,553.58 ton per year, 8,138 trips per year, and 263,783 billion rupiah (IDR), respectively. Meanwhile, those three variables at Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) were 41.670,87 ton per year, 6,966 trips per year, and 271,468 billion rupiah. However, the average of actual production, effort, and profit were 40,409.83 ton per year, 6,972 trips per year, and 260,408 billion rupiah. Moreover, total production and effort in 2016 were 42,009 ton and 10,114 trips. The status of pelagic fish stock in this area tends to be economic overfishing due to increased effort and less effective of fishing cost. Reducing fishing effort must be applied in fisheries management.
Sustainability certification as a pillar to promote Indonesian coffee competitiveness
Authors: Wahyudi A , Wulandari S , Aunillah A , Alouw J C
Published: January 2020

Coffee is an important agricultural product traded in global market. Coffee exports have contributed significantly to the economic growth of Indonesia, reducing the trade deficit and partly solved the problem of poverty reduction for people, especially in rural area. The demand of high-quality coffee is growing fast. The demand from consumers for certified coffee is also growing, and the price they are willing to pay has caught the attention of traders and producers. In global scope we have some sustainable coffee certifications including: Organic, Fair Trade Certified, Rainforest Alliance, Smithsonian Bird Friendly, UTZ Certified, and 4C Common Code. The objective of this review are: (1) perspective analysis of sustainable coffee certifications, (2) analysis of Indonesia coffee industry, and (3) strategy formulation in improving practices and accountability of Indonesia coffee development in global supply chains. There is evidence for a range of social, economic, and environmental benefits of certification. These certifications have the potential to create value for smallholders, as certain certified coffee carries a market premium. In order to meet market demand, coffee farmers have had to adapt a good farming practices to qualify for certification.
Exploration of endophytic bacteria for inducing plant growth and diseases resistance to vascular streak dieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae) on cacao
Authors: Giyanto  , Wahyuno D , Wartono  , Arifin F A
Published: January 2020

Indonesia is the third largest cacao production in the world after Ghana and Ivory Coast. The yield loss of cacao is drastically limited by the cacao diseases. Endophytic bacteria has been reported plays important role in inducing plant growth and diseases resistance. The aim of this research is to explore the endophytic bacteria capable to induce plant growth and diseases resistance to vascular streak dieback on cacao. The research step included: (1) isolation of endophytic bacteria from cacao tissues; (2) selection of endophytic bacteria as inducer of plant growth; (3) selection of endophytic bacteria as inducer of cacao plant resistance to Ceratobasidium theobromae; and (4) identification of potential isolates. Isolation of endophytic bacteria from Southeast Sulawesi, West Sumatera, and West Java resulted 288 bacterial isolates, and 40 of them induced strongly cacao seed germination. Further characterization on inducing plant growth characters and production of metabolite compound resulted 15 bacterial isolates for further analysis. Analysis phytoalexin compound produced by cacao seedling treated with endophytic bacteria revealed 10 isolates increases the relative ratio of Cyclohexene, 2-Methoxy-guaiacol, and 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran, indicated inducing plant resistance to C. theobromae. Molecular identification showed highly similarity to Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas geniculata, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, and S. maltophilia, respectively.
The organic carbon dynamics of peat soil under liberica coffee cultivation
Authors: Hafif B , Sasmita K D
Published: January 2020

The exploitation of peat soil considered enrich CO2 gas emissions in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming. The farmers in Jambi and Riau province have been cultivated Liberica coffee on peat soil since 1940. This study evaluated the effect of Liberica coffee cultivation to peat carbon conservation. The study was arranged as an observation method at the Liberica coffee tress aged 1) 4-6 years (young productive plants) and 2) > 10 years (mature productive plants). Each observation consisted of 16 trees. The results showed that the average CO2 emissions from the peat cultivated Liberica coffee around 23.7 Mg CO2/ha/year, while it from peat soil under natural forests were reported to be 20-40 Mg CO2/ha/year. The litters of the productive Liberica coffee trees return organic C to the peat about 0.35 to 4.7 Mg/ha/year. Compost of 13.5 Mg/ha of Liberica coffee cherries cascara and parchment, applied by farmers as a fertilizer also returned 7.38 Mg/ha/year of organic C, while the number of organic C carried by 1.5 Mg/ha/year of the Liberica coffee green beans was only 825 kg/ha/year, approximately. This study showed that the Liberika coffee cultivation on peat soil is a safe way to conserve C in peat soil.
The potential of liberoid coffee cultivation on the peatlands (a case study: the peatlands in the Meranti island, Riau)
Authors: Martono B , Sudjarmoko B , Udarno L
Published: January 2020

The Meranti Islands is one of the liberoid coffee production centers in Indonesian of which 94% of its total land area consists of peatland. The objective of this study was to disclose the potential of liberoid coffee cultivation in the peatlands of the Meranti Islands, Riau Province. The study was conducted from July to December 2015 in the Meranti Islands Regency. This study was conducted by means of survey method. The data used were the primary and the secondary data. The results of the study showed that liberoid coffee was adaptive on peatlands of the Meranti Islands and had a high economic value, therefore it can be used as an alternative usage of peatlands in Indonesia. The superior varieties of coffee recommended for the development of liberoid coffee are Liberoid Meranti 1 and Liberoid Meranti 2. These varieties are classified as open-pollinated composite types with respective yield potential of 1.69 and 1.98 tons ha−1 of coffee, good seed quality, “excellent” flavor, and caffeine content of 1.02 and 1.11%. This variety is adaptive on peatlands with a climate A type or other areas that have the same agroecosystem as that of the Meranti Islands Regency.
Physico-chemical properties of clove oil from three forest clove accession groups in Maluku
Authors: Mahulette A S , Hariyadi  , Yahya S , Wachjar A
Published: January 2020

Forest cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry.) are classified as wild and endemic clove to Maluku islands. So far, the studies on utilization of clove oil as an essential oil are still limited. This study aims to provide information on the physicochemical properties of clove oil from three clove accession groups in Maluku. Clove oil is obtained through the distillation of parts of the plant such as flowers bud, flower stalks, and leaves. The physicochemical components of clove oil in this study were compared to those of the standard type of cultivated clove oil, for there is no standard for forest clove oil. The results of the characterization of the physicochemical properties of clove oil revealed that the oils of the three clove accession groups met the standard of clove oil in several parameters, namely color (yellow to dark brown), specific gravity (0.9559-1,101 g ml−1), refractive index (1.5075-1.5467), β-caryophyllene (0.74-11.79%). However, they did not meet the standard of clove oil solubility in ethanol 70% (1:10) and total eugenol (20-28%). The clove accession groups had high oil content (in the distillation) from the flower bud section (1.33-3.00%), followed by the flower stalks (0.40-1.0%), and leaves (0.44-0.93%).
Physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of exotic Cungap red coconut
Authors: Karouw S , Mawardi S , Miftahorrachman  , Pandin D S , Kumaunang J , Matana Y , Santosa B , Manaroinsong E , Tenda E T
Published: January 2020

“Cungap” red (CR) coconut is an exotic coconut that has specific characters, i.e. the husk contains high antioxidant components. The study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of CR coconut (husk, kernel, and water). Tender and mature CR coconut fruits were collected from farmers at Sukarena Village, Ciomas District, Serang Regency, Banten Province. The mature nuts were evaluated for the physicochemical characteristics (moisture, protein, ash, fat and fatty acids profile). Vitamins and minerals were measured from the young coconut water. Anthocyanin and β-carotene were analysed from the tender nuts (husk, meat, and water). The results showed that CR kernel contained 8.35% of water, 2.02% of ash, 7.13% of protein, and 60.09% of fat. The medium-chain fatty acids were mainly from the coconut kernel fat (52.55%). Lauric acid was the major fatty acid (45.89%). The Majority of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium) contained in the coconut water; potassium content was the highest (289.95 mg/100 ml). The β-carotene content in the husk and kernel were 18.43/100g and 1.28 mg/100g, respectively. Also, the anthocyanin contents in the husk, kernel, and coconut water were 8.01 mg/100 g, 1.5 mg/100 g, and 0.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The study implies that CR coconut is potential as anthocyanin, β-carotene, and mineral sources for human health.
Genetic Diversity of Sugar Palm Populations from Cianjur and Banten revealed by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
Authors: Terryana R T , Nugroho K , Lestari P
Published: January 2020

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) originating from Indonesia, is classified as underutilized plant but has potential as water conservation and high productivity sugar producer. Therefore, it is important to have baseline genetic diversity information for this plant species. In this study, seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyse genetic diversity of sugar palm trees among the populations collected from their natural areas, especially in Cianjur Regency located in West Java and Banten Province. To measure their genetic diversity, phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analysis were performed using using recommended softwares. The results revealed that high allele variation (23-33 alleles) was observed among sugar palm samples tested, with an average allele number and polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 27.143 and 0.942 (0.937-0.951) respectively. All of SSR markers showed PIC value >0.9 which indicated that these markers were suitable for sugar palm diversity studies with a high differentiation. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei’s standard genetic distance and principle coordinate analysis produced two main groups that wereCianjur and Banten populations, indicating the geographical differentiation.. Taken together, the generated information about genetic diversity of sugar palm in this study could importantly contribute to assist sugar palm breeding program in Indonesia.
Genotype characterization of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr.) on seed and germination stage
Authors: Junaedi A , Wachjar A , Yamamoto Y , Furqoni H
Published: January 2020

Characterization of local sugar palm accessions is not currently available. This characterization information will be useful in the development of high yielding varieties of sugar palm in Indonesia. The aims of this research were to study the morphology characters of sugar palm ranging from fruits, seeds until germination. The experiment used descriptive method to observe the morphological characteristics of seed germination. Each accession and variety used 20 of sugar palm seeds germinated in the polybag and repeated 5 times. Observations were carried out up to 90 days after sowing (DAS). The results showed that the accession of Pematang Siantar, Bengkulu Lebong, Bengkulu Curup, Banten, Cianjur, and variety of Kutai Timur has range of fruit weight 37.2-66.2 g, range of seed weight 3.7-6.3 g, range of seed length 23.3-31.8 mm, range of seed diameter 17.6-20.7 mm, range of seed fresh weight 16.0-29.3 g, range of seed dry weight 13.4-21.8 g, range of potential growth 66-100%, range of germination percentage 44-98%, range of seed water content 22-36%, range of hypocotyl length 9.6-14.0 cm (90 DAS), range of radicle length 17.6-27.2 cm (90 DAS), and range of plumule length 8.3-19.2 cm (90 DAS).
Alley cropping in immature oil palm
Authors: Rizki D P , Hariyadi  , Suwarto
Published: January 2020

Limitation of planting area can be managed by optimizing the immature with alley cropping. The purpose of this research is to analyze the increase in crop productivity with a variety of fertilizer doses and analyze dosage used on intercrops. The experiment was conducted at KUD Tunas Muda, Siak Regency, Riau, November 2018 until March 2019. This experiment used a nested randomized complete block design (RCBD) the treatment consisted of two treatment factors, fertilization treatment as the main factor and crop treatment as a sub-plot. Fertilization treatment consisted of three levels, P1 (fertilizer recommendation), P2 (manure 5 tonsha−1 + 1/2 fertilizer recommendation) and P3 (manure 2.5 tonsha−1 + 1/2 fertilizer recommendation). The treatment of plants consisted of four levels, T1 (without the crop), T2 (soybean monoculture), T3 (intercropping corn + soyben (1:2)), T4 (monoculture corn). The intercropping pattern in oil palm plantations can increase land productivity. The soybean intercropping patterns affect yield components. The P3 treatment (2.5 tonsha−1 manure + 1/2 recommended fertilizer) is the optimum fertilizer dosage for corn and soybean cultivation in the oil palm area (TBM-1) by intercropping based on the results of the land equality ratio of 1.76.
Population of oil palm pollinator insect (Elaeidobius kamerunicus faust.) at PTP Nusantara VIII Cisalak Baru, Rangkasbitung-Banten
Authors: Siswanto  , Soetopo D
Published: January 2020

The role of Elaeidobius kamerunicus in oil palm plantations in recent times is questioned related to the decline in oil palm productivity. The research aim is to study the E. kamerunicus beetle population and the factors that influence it. The study was carried out in the oil palm plantation PTP Nusantara VIII Cisalak Baru, Rangkasbitung-Banten. The beetle population were calculated on 3 spikelets at the base, middle, and end of an anthesis flower bunch of oil palm plant samples aged 13 and 5 years using purposive sampling method. Observation were carried out 3 times in May, September and November 2015. Morphological observation of beetle E.Kamerunicus was carried out in Balittro laboratory. The results showed that the population of E. kamerunicus in the study area was quite abundant and fluctuated. The average population of E. kamerunicus in oil palm plantation in May, September and November, are 15.168, 6.139, and 37.575 insect/ha in plantations aged 13 years, and 11.205, 7.534, and 49.209 insect / ha in oil palm plantation aged 5 years with the higest population occur in November. The fluctuation seem influenced by environmental factors such as rainfall, the present of rats as natural enemy, and the number of spikelet.
Control Strategies of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Black Pepper Plantation
Authors: Wiratno  , Maris P , Wahyuno T E , Djiwanti S R
Published: January 2020

Plant parasitic nematode is one of important pests causing big loss in crop production. Currently, black pepper is considered as one of major agricultural products in Indonesia, hence its cultivation including plant protection is important in black pepper development. Important parasitic nematodes such as Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne spp., have been known as causal agents of yellow disease in black pepper plantation. These parasitic nematodes could be controlled integrally through several approaches such as using biological control agents, botanical pesticide, and enhancing cultural practice strategies. Biological control using nematode-parasitic bacteria has been proven able to suppress the development of the parasitic nematode in the soil. The use of synthetic pesticide was usually applied as the last effort because of their serious implications for human health not only for the farmers, but also for the consumers and the environment. Therefore, recently, people begin to fascinate the use botanical pesticides known as pesticide of plant origin. Clove, tobacco, and betel vine extract have been proven effectively reduced the penetration rate of the nematode, and suppressed the nematode population development in roots and the percentage of rhizome-knot symptom. These organic materials may be developed for the active ingredient of botanical nematicide. Cultural practices such as amendment of organic materials as mulch becomes important strategy to reduce percentage of total nematode population and its reproduction rates, while at the same time it improves soil quality hence the plant grows well.
Plant growth promoting effects of indigenous rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria on soil fertility and black pepper (Piper nigrum) yield at Bangka Belitung
Authors: Gusmaini  , Kartikawati A , Nurhayati H , Sarwendah M
Published: January 2020

Black pepper cultivation in Bangka Belitung is commonly followed a shifting cultivation method. This is due to the low soil fertility. The study aimed to obtain the best combination and concentration of indigenous rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria to improve soil fertility and enhanced growth and yield of black pepper. The study was set up in a complete randomized block design, 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the combinations of the types and concentrations of the bacterial isolates, i.e. (1) Control, (2) Endophytic bacteria A, (3) Combination of Endophytic bacteria B + Bb. chosinensis+ Rhizobacteria A, (4) Combination of Rhizobacteria B + Endophytic bacteria A+ Endophytic bacteria C, (5) Combination of Endophytic bacteria B + Endophytic bacteria C + Endophytic bacteria D at 105 and 108 cpu ml−1 respectively. Endophytic bacteria were capable to boost the growth and yield of black pepper, also improved the soil chemical properties. The best treatment combinations were the mixture of of bacteria, i.e. (1) Psedomanas sp.+ Brevibacillus sp+Mesorhizobium sp., (2) Bb. sp1 +Bb. sp2+Bacillus sp., and (3) Brevibacillus sp +Bb sp1+Bacillus sp. The study implies that rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria are potential to be developed for reducing fertilizer use in black pepper cultivation.
Heterosis for number of fruits and seed yields in jatropha (Jatrophacurcas L.)
Authors: Purwati R D , Anggraeni T D A , Marjani
Published: January 2020

Jatropha production is still low, thereforedevelopment of high-yielding varieties by hybridization is needed This study aimed to determine heterosis and heterobeltiosis in jatropha and estimate the mode of gene action. The hybridizations were carried out between two improved population and one provenance, well known as high yield genotypes as female parents, and 18 provenances indicating high oil content as male parentsat Karangploso Experimental Station, Malang, East Java in 2010. In 2011, F1 seeds were planted in Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, East Java and then were selected with criteria high fruit number and seed yield. The selected F1, were clonally multiplied using stem cutting and were planted in 2012 for evaluation purposes. The results showed that theheterosis and heterobeltiosis values from hybrid jatrophawere varied. The crossing between HS49 X SP65, HS49 X SP54, HS49 X SP103, IP3P X SP7, IP3A X SP65 and IP3A X Sp 89 demonstrated high significant positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis values. These hybrids could be used as materials for developinghigh-yielding varieties. The potence ratio of jatrophahybridwas found positively overdominance gene action which could be useful information for future jatropha breeding program.
The relationship of some characteristics of peat with oil palm basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma in peatlands
Authors: Supriyanto  , Purwanto  , Poromarto S H , Supyani
Published: January 2020

Indonesia as the largest palm oil producer in the world, has the large percentage of oil palm on peatland, always associated with the issue of global warming that has triggered climate change. The serious problems of cultivating oil palm on peatland is the presence of BSR disease caused by Ganoderma. There are no effective methods to control this disease. Biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative method focus, but on peatland, the development of this method is constrained by lack of information about the effect of peat environmental factors. This study aims to determine the effect of the characteristics and biological environment of peat on the intensity of Ganoderma attacks on oil palm. The relationship between the intensity of Ganoderma attacks, characteristics of peat, and biological properties of peat was carried out by correlation test. The correlation analysis showed that the groundwater level and the pH has correlated with Ganoderma attacks. While the biological properties showed no significant correlation, except Summed Dominant Ratio of vegetation which tends to positively correlate to the number of Ganoderma antagonists. These results indicate that peatland water table management and vegetation management by maintaining the diversity of vegetation around oil palm can help reduce Ganoderma attacks.
Soil chemical properties affecting GHG emission from paddy rice field due to water regime and organic matter amendment
Authors: Ariani M , Pramono A , Purnariyanto F , Haryono E
Published: January 2020

Paddy rice field is the main contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) (CH4 and N2O) emissions in Indonesia. The actions to mitigate these emissions and maintain yield have being a serious concern. This study aims to investigate the emission of CH4 and N2O and determine the limiting factors of CH4 and N2O emission due to water regime and organic matter (OM) amendment in inceptisol soil. Treatments consist of two factors, the first factor was water regime, e.g., 1) continuously flooded, and 2) Alternate wetting-drying (AWD). The second factor was organic matter amendment, e.g., 1) with OM 3 t ha-1, and 2) without OM. The results showed that the addition of organic matter to the soils alongside managing its water regime with AWD resulted in low daily CH4 emissions compare to continuous flooded. No significant difference (p<0.05) in daily N2O emission between AWD and continuous flooded. The dynamic of C-org, Eh, Fe2O3, MnO2 in the soil due to water regime were affected daily CH4 emissions, while pH, NO3 and NH4 were affected daily N2O emissions. Results of this study can be used for further research and development of a model on CH4 emission from rice fields to determine feasible soil management in GHG mitigation.
Traditional development of water conservation based on local knowledge: coping with climate change impacts in rural areas
Authors: Kristiyanto
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research is more to understand how to local people in strengthening the capability of water scarcity to availability, mainly in hilly areas is the one place that susceptible to climate change impacts, which drought is the one problem on the dry season in rural areas. The “Jamban systems” is the one model type developed as adaptation process in meeting the demand of family or social community-scale, which each of the people tried of taking advantage water scarcity optimally, where they were tried to be managed of the water scarcity in the surroundings of their dwelling finely and continually. A qualitative research study and purposive sampling were used to data collection, alongside reinforced by the direct observation and in-depth individual interview method, which were at least 25 respondent and it’s based on ecosystem types. The result of this research shown that the most of local people have utilized water kindly, optimal, and sustain in their alive, which it’s also optimized used to water scarcity by employing of type, alongside its part of adapting and mitigating process to climate change impacts dynamically.
On tuning the cytotoxicity of Ti3C2 (MXene) flakes to cancerous and benign cells by post-delamination surface modifications
Authors: Jastrzębska A M , Szuplewska A , Rozmysłowska-Wojciechowska A , Chudy M , Olszyna A , Birowska M , Popielski M , Majewski J A , Scheibe B , Natu V , Barsoum M W
Published: January 2020

Despite intensive research on the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials, including MXenes, in nanomedicine, the knowledge concerning the mechanisms responsible for their observed bio-effects is far from being understood. Here we present insight into the mechanism of toxicity in vitro of the 2D Ti3C2 MXene. The most important results of this work are that using simple, inexpensive, post-delamination treatments, such as ultrasonication or mild thermal oxidation it is possible to ‘tune’ the cytotoxicity of the Ti3C2T
z
flakes. Sonication of Ti3C2T
z
flakes, or sonication followed by mild oxidation in the water at 60 °C, renders them selectively toxic to cancer cells as compared to non-malignant ones. It relates to the appearance of superficial titanium (III) oxide (Ti2O3) layer corresponding to the type of post-treatment. The presence of surface-Ti2O3 results in a noticeably higher generation of oxidative stress compared to pristine 2D Ti3C2. Our findings give evidence that the sonication and thermal treatments were successful in changing the nature of the surface terminations on the Ti3C2T
z
surfaces. This study makes a significant contribution to the future rationalized surface-management of 2D Ti3C2 MXene as well as encourages new rationalized applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine.

Bullet points:

1. First study on 2D Ti3C2 MXene superficially oxidized to titanium (III) oxide i.e. Ti2O3.

2. By sonication Ti3C2Tz MXene flakes followed by mild thermal oxidation in the water at 60 °C for 24 h, it is possible to ‘tune’ the toxicity of the flakes to cancerous cell lines.

3. Decreases in cell viabilities were dose-dependent.

4. Highest cytotoxic effect was observed for thermally oxidized samples.

5. The thermally oxidized samples were also selectively toxic towards all cancerous cell lines up to 375 mg l−1.

6. Reactive oxygen species generation was identified as a mechanism of toxicity.
A mathematical modelling of preheated accumulative roll bonded Al-Al2O3 composite sheet
Authors: Younis Abdelrahman , Farahat Ahmed I Z , Abu-Oqail Ahmed , Essa A R S , EL-Nikhaily A E , El-Shenawy Eman H
Published: January 2020

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique is used in this paper to produce aluminum/alumina composite sheets. Alumina content was added as 1,3 and 5wt%. The produced Al/Al2O3 composite sheets are piled up and processed by accumulative roll bonding (50% reduction) after preheating at 280 °C with different regimes (2–8 cycles). Statistical design analysis was applied to examine the effects of alumina content and no. of accumulative roll bonding cycles on the ultimate tensile strength for aluminum/alumina composite sheets. Empirical formulas were deduced to recognize key parameters that controlling tensile behavior. XRD detection was carried out to explore dominant planes controlling plasticity Al/Al2O3 composites. In general, addition of alumina and proceeding different cycles increases strength. FE-SEM microstructure showed that alumina plays important roll on the aluminum sheets during ARB process where the metal of aluminum flow among them producing highly sheared matrix.
Exploring the effect of Co concentration on magnetic hyperthermia properties of CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles
Authors: Yasemian Ahmad Reza , Almasi Kashi Mohammad , Ramazani Abdolali
Published: January 2020

Although enhanced ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have been envisioned for use in future biomedical applications, less attempt has been made to tailoring and optimizing their detailed magnetic properties and specific loss power (SLP) values. Herein, CoxFe3−xO4 (0 ≤ × ≤ 1) NPs are synthesized using a co-precipitation method at 80 °C in the presence of air atmosphere. The effect of varying Co concentration on crystalline, morphological, magnetic and hyperthermia properties is also investigated in detail. Hysteresis loop measurements showed an increase in coercivity (Hc) from 7.75 to 340.50 Oe, and a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) from 59.10 to 32.70 emu g−1 with increasing x = 0 (pure magnetite) to x = 1 (pure Co ferrite), respectively. In addition to confirming the hysteresis loop results, first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis estimated a 52% decrease in superparamagnetic (SP) fraction. Hyperthermia measurements carried out under an alternating magnetic field with intensity of 400 Oe and a frequency of 400 kHz showed an increase in SLP from x = 0 to x = 0.4, and a decrease in SLP for 0.4 < × ≤ 1. SLP was maximized at 395 W g−1 for the intermediate concentration of x = 0.4. The optimized heat generation of Co0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs comprising approximately 50%–50% SP–ferromagnetic fractions may result from the simultaneous contribution of the three following mechanisms: hysteresis loop loss, Brownian and Neel relaxation together with relatively high Hc and moderate Ms.
Selection criterion of material filling in ridge grooves for reducing cross-sectional deformation of double-ridged rectangular bent tube
Authors: Liu Chunmei , Liu Yuli
Published: January 2020

In order to satisfy the further improvement of new communication equipment, filling the ridge grooves on side walls with fillers is the effective method to improve the quality of double-ridged rectangular bent tube in H-typed rotary draw bending. However, how to choose appropriate material filling in ridge grooves to reduce deformation more effectively is a critical issue. Therefore based on the reliable FE models of H-typed rotary draw bending and twice-springback of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers with different material parameters, a selection criterion of the material of filler to minimize the cross-sectional deformation of bent tube was studied. The selection criterion is that only the height size accuracy of filler should be made sure to be consistent with that of the ridge groove. The strength coefficient K of filler should be considered firstly, and the larger K can reduce the deformation more effectively. The yield strength σ
s and hardening exponent n can be considered secondly, and filler with higher σ
s or smaller n can be selected as far as possible. Elastic modulus E may not be taken into account. The reliability of this selection criterion is verified by using 65Mn spring steel filler.
Effect of substrate temperature on structure, magnetic and electrical transport properties of Mn1.60Ga films
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Yang Chaoqun , Wang Li , Bai Yidan , Liu Sitong , Li Haibo
Published: January 2020

L10-MnGa alloys have great application potential in the fields of permanent magnet and spintronics. L10-Mn1.60Ga thin films were prepared on MgO (100) substrates by magnetron sputtering under different substrate temperatures ranging from 200 to 600 °C, and the effect of the substrate temperature on the structure, magnetic and electrical transport properties of the films were observed. The results show that the films deposited at 300–600 °C substrate have good (001) orientation. The coercivity and effective anisotropy of film are enhanced at 400 °C substrate temperature, because the large tensile stress/strain induces a large coercivity and high effective anisotropy. When the substrate temperature increases to 500 °C, and the abnormal Hall resistivity of the film reaches the maximum value. The magnetic and electrical transport properties of the L10-Mn1.60Ga film are improved effectively with an appropriate substrate temperature.
Study of milling process basics for the biocompatible PEEK material
Authors: Li Yang , Cheng Xiang , Ling Siying , Zheng Guangming , Liu Huanbao , He Lei
Published: January 2020

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material has attracted attentions and studies in the medical field due to its excellent properties suitable for orthopedic, dental, and implant applications. In order to acquire the needed geometrical accuracy and surface finish for individual customizations of components made of PEEK material, milling process basics for PEEK material have been studied in this paper. The influences of milling parameters on milling forces and surface roughness are discussed based on single-factor and orthogonal milling experiments. It shows that the effects of cutting parameters on cutting forces are basically in accordance with that in the classical metal cutting theory. But the effects of cutting parameters on the surface roughness are different. Also the significance sequences of the key milling parameters on milling forces and surface roughness are identified. Furthermore, a finite element simulation model to estimate the milling force is established and successfully evaluated for customized applications.
High coherence collapse of a hybrid III–V/Si semiconductor laser with a large quality factor
Authors: Gomez S , Huang H , Duan J , Combrié S , Shen A , Baili G , de Rossi A , Grillot F
Published: January 2020

The high-speed dynamics of a hybrid distributed feedback semiconductor laser heterogeneously integrated onto silicon is experimentally investigated in the presence of external optical feedback. The laser fabrication relies on a proper modal engineering in which light is generated in the III–V material and stored in the low-loss silicon region in order to substantially enhance the quality factor of the cavity resonator. In this work, the hybrid laser is found to be insensitive to parasitic reflections leading to a 10 Gbps floor-free transmission with a power penalty no greater than 1.5 dB at room temperature. As a conclusion, owing to the large quality factor, a high coherence collapse level is unveiled in such laser indicating its vast potential to serve as an alternative solution for the development of isolator-free applications in future photonics integrated circuits. A qualitative interpretation is also provided by linking the standard feedback equations to the quality factor of the resonator.
PISA-SPARKY: an interactive SPARKY plugin to analyze oriented solid-state NMR spectra of helical membrane proteins
Authors: Weber Daniel K , Wang Songlin , Markley John L , Veglia Gianluigi , Lee Woonghee
Published: January 2020

Motivation

Two-dimensional [15N-1H] separated local field solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments of membrane proteins aligned in lipid bilayers provide tilt and rotation angles for α-helical segments using Polar Index Slant Angle (PISA)-wheel models. No integrated software has been made available for data analysis and visualization.

Results

We have developed the PISA-SPARKY plugin to seamlessly integrate PISA-wheel modeling into the NMRFAM-SPARKY platform. The plugin performs basic simulations, exhaustive fitting against experimental spectra, error analysis and dipolar and chemical shift wave plotting. The plugin also supports PyMOL integration and handling of parameters that describe variable alignment and dynamic scaling encountered with magnetically aligned media, ensuring optimal fitting and generation of restraints for structure calculation.

Availability and implementation

PISA-SPARKY is freely available in the latest version of NMRFAM-SPARKY from the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison (http://pine.nmrfam.wisc.edu/download_packages.html), the NMRbox Project (https://nmrbox.org) and to subscribers of the SBGrid (https://sbgrid.org). The pisa.py script is available and documented on GitHub (https://github.com/weberdak/pisa.py) along with a tutorial video and sample data.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sex differences and higher upper normal limits for left atrial end-systolic volume in individuals in their mid-60s: data from the ACE 1950 Study
Authors: Rønningen Peter Selmer , Berge Trygve , Solberg Magnar Gangås , Enger Steve , Nygård Ståle , Pervez Mohammad Osman , Orstad Eivind Bjørkan , Kvisvik Brede , Aagaard Erika Nerdrum , Røsjø Helge , Tveit Arnljot , Steine Kjetil
Published: January 2020

Aims

The current study aimed to describe normal values of left atrial (LA) volumes and LA emptying fraction (LAEF) in a large sample in their mid-60s from the general population and to explore sex differences.

Methods and results

In the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 1950 Study, body surface area-indexed LA maximum (LAVimax) and minimum (LAVimin) volumes and LAEF were measured in 3489 individuals aged 63.9 ± 0.6 years from the general population. A healthy group of 832 individuals was defined. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and a normal range of mean ± 2 SD. T-tests were used for comparisons. In the healthy group, mean LAVimax was 25.5 ± 6.2 mL/m2 and the normal range was 13.1–37.9 mL/m2. Men had significantly larger body surface area-indexed volumes than women, but there was no difference in LAEF. The mean LAVimax for healthy men was 26.4 ± 6.5 mL/m2, for healthy women 24.9 ± 5.8 mL/m2 (P < 0.001) and the upper normal limits were 39.4 and 36.5 mL/m2, respectively. In the healthy group, 13.0% of all men and 5.4% of all women had LAVimax above the current upper normal limit of 34 mL/m2.

Conclusion

A large proportion of healthy individuals, in particular men, had LAVimax >34 mL/m2. Our findings suggest that the recommended cut-off may be too low at the age of 65 years and above and that sex-specific cut-offs should be considered.
Serial changes of tricuspid regurgitation after anatomic repair for congenitally corrected transposition
Authors: Furuya Tsubasa , Hoashi Takaya , Shimada Masatoshi , Imai Kenta , Komori Motoki , Kurosaki Kenichi , Fujimoto Kazuto , Ichikawa Hajime
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to reveal the serial changes in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after anatomic repair for congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries.

METHODS

Between 1995 and 2018, 48 patients underwent anatomic repair (atrial/arterial switch in 14 patients, atrial switch and Rastelli in 34 patients). The mean age and weight of the patients during anatomic repair was 33 (interquartile range 21.8–62.1) months and 12 (10.3–16.3) kg. The preoperative TR was less than mild in 15 patients (31.3%), mild-to-moderate in 29 patients (60.4%) and more-than-moderate in 4 patients (8.3%). Ebsteinoid dysplasia of the tricuspid valve (TV) was observed in 7 patients (14.6%). During the study period, no patient underwent TV surgery or bidirectional Glenn anastomosis at the time of anatomic repair.

RESULTS

There was 1 in-hospital death and 1 late death. The follow-up was completed by other surviving patients, with a median follow-up period of 12.1 years (5.9–18.1). The overall survival, reoperation-free survival and freedom from permanent pacemaker implantation rate at 15 years were 94.3%, 74.3% and 81.5%, respectively. The mean TR grade was 2.0 (1.0–2.6) preoperatively, 2.0 (1.0–2.0) at 1 year, 2.0 (2.0–2.0) at 5 years and 2.0 (2.0–2.0) at 10 years after anatomic repair. A Cox proportional hazards model showed that association of Ebsteinoid dysplasia of the TV, type of anatomic repair and previous pulmonary artery banding did not affect freedom from death or the more-than-moderate TR rate. There were 2 patients who underwent TV surgery after the anatomic repair for severe TR; TV repair was successfully done for 1 patient, the other required semi-closure of TV and one and one-half ventricle conversion.

CONCLUSIONS

TR remained subclinical or improved in the majority of patients after anatomic repair without TV repair. However, there were a few patients whose TR progressed to severe or massive, then required TV surgery after anatomic repair. Although exposure was difficult, TR was sometimes repairable following atrial switch, otherwise, one and one-half ventricle repair conversion would be the choice of treatment.