bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309, and p53 expression on survival of breast cancer patients
Authors: Schmidt Marjanka K , Tommiska Johanna , Broeks Annegien , van Leeuwen Flora E , Van't Veer Laura J , Pharoah Paul DP , Easton Douglas F , Shah Mitul , Humphreys Manjeet , Dörk Thilo , Reincke Scarlett A , Fagerholm Rainer , Blomqvist Carl , Nevanlinna Heli
Published: December 2009

Introduction

Somatic inactivation of the TP53 gene in breast tumors is a marker for poor outcome, and breast cancer outcome might also be affected by germ-line variation in the TP53 gene or its regulators. We investigated the effects of the germ-line single nucleotide polymorphisms TP53 R72P (215G>C) and MDM2 SNP309 (-410T>G), and p53 protein expression in breast tumors on survival.

Methods

We pooled data from four breast cancer cohorts within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium for which both TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 were genotyped and follow-up was available (n = 3,749). Overall and breast cancer-specific survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression models.

Results

Survival of patients did not differ by carriership of either germ-line variant, R72P (215G>C) or SNP309 (-410G>T) alone. Immunohistochemical p53 staining of the tumor was available for two cohorts (n = 1,109 patients). Survival was worse in patients with p53-positive tumors (n = 301) compared to patients with p53-negative tumors (n = 808); breast cancer-specific survival: HR 1.6 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.1), P = 0.001. Within the patient group with p53-negative tumors, TP53 rare homozygous (CC) carriers had a worse survival than G-allele (GG/GC) carriers; actuarial breast cancer-specific survival 71% versus 80%, P = 0.07; HR 1.8 (1.1 to 3.1), P = 0.03. We also found a differential effect of combinations of the two germ-line variants on overall survival; homozygous carriers of the G-allele in MDM2 had worse survival only within the group of TP53 C-allele carriers; actuarial overall survival (GG versus TT/TG) 64% versus 75%, P = 0.001; HR (GG versus TT) 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0), P = 0.01. We found no evidence for a differential effect of MDM2 SNP309 by p53 protein expression on survival.

Conclusions

The TP53 R72P variant may be an independent predictor for survival of patients with p53-negative tumors. The combined effect of TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 on survival is in line with our a priori biologically-supported hypothesis, that is, the role of enhanced DNA repair function of the TP53 Pro-variant, combined with increased expression of the Mdm2 protein, and thus overall attenuation of the p53 pathway in the tumor cells.
REDD1 Is a Major Target of Testosterone Action in Preventing Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Loss
Authors: Wu Yong , Zhao Weidong , Zhao Jingbo , Zhang Yuanfei , Qin Weiping , Pan Jiangping , Bauman William A. , Blitzer Robert D. , Cardozo Christopher
Published: December 2009

Glucocorticoids are a well-recognized and common cause of muscle atrophy that can be prevented by testosterone. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such protection have not been described. Thus, the global effects of testosterone on dexamethasone-induced changes in gene expression were evaluated in rat gastrocnemius muscle using DNA microarrays. Gene expression was analyzed after 7-d administration of dexamethasone, dexamethasone plus testosterone, or vehicle. Dexamethasone changed expression of 876 probe sets by at least 2-fold. Among these, 474 probe sets were changed by at least 2-fold in the opposite direction in the dexamethasone plus testosterone group (genes in opposition). Major biological themes represented by genes in opposition included IGF-I signaling, myogenesis and muscle development, and cell cycle progression. Testosterone completely prevented the 22-fold increase in expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1), and attenuated dexamethasone induced increased expression of eIF4E binding protein 1, Forkhead box O1, and the p85 regulatory subunit of the IGF-I receptor but prevented decreased expression of IRS-1. Testosterone attenuated increases in REDD1 protein in skeletal muscle and L6 myoblasts and prevented dephosphorylation of p70S6 kinase at the mTOR-dependent site Thr389 in L6 myoblast cells. Effects of testosterone on REDD1 mRNA levels occurred within 1 h, required the androgen receptor, were blocked by bicalutamide, and were due to inhibition of transcriptional activation of REDD1 by dexamethasone. These data suggest that testosterone blocks dexamethasone-induced changes in expression of REDD1 and other genes that collectively would otherwise down-regulate mTOR activity and hence also down-regulate protein synthesis.
Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3) Noncoding Ribonucleic Acid: Isoform Structure, Expression, and Functions
Authors: Zhang Xun , Rice Kimberley , Wang Yingying , Chen Wendy , Zhong Ying , Nakayama Yuki , Zhou Yunli , Klibanski Anne
Published: December 2009

Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is an imprinted gene highly expressed in the human pituitary. However, MEG3 expression is lost in human gonadotroph-derived pituitary adenomas and most human tumor cell lines. Expression of MEG3 in tumor cells results in growth suppression, p53 protein increase, and activation of p53 downstream targets. The MEG3 gene encodes a noncoding RNA of approximately 1700 nucleotides. There are 12 different MEG3 gene transcripts, generated by alternative splicing. They contain the common exons 1-3 and exons 8-10, but each uses one or more exons 4-7 in a different combination in the middle. MEG3 isoform expression patterns are tissue and cell type specific. Functionally, each isoform stimulates p53-mediated transactivation and suppresses tumor cell growth. We analyzed the secondary RNA folding structure of each MEG3 isoform, using the computer program mfold. All MEG3 RNA isoforms contain three distinct secondary folding motifs M1, M2, and M3. Deletion analysis showed that motifs M2 and M3 are important for p53 activation. Furthermore, a hybrid MEG3 RNA, containing a piece of artificially synthesized sequence different from the wild type but folding into a similar secondary structure, retained the functions of both p53 activation and growth suppression. These results support the hypothesis that a proper folding structure of the MEG3 RNA molecule is critical for its biological functions. This study establishes for the first time the structure-function relationship of a large noncoding RNA and provides a first look into the molecular mechanisms of the biological functions of a large noncoding RNA.
Gamma distributions for stationary Poisson flat processes
Authors: Baumstark Volker , Last Günter
Published: December 2009

We consider a stationary Poisson process X of k-flats in ℝd with intensity measure Θ and a measurable set S of k-flats depending on F1,…,Fn∈ X, x∈ℝd, and X in a specific equivariant way. If (F1,…,Fn,x) is properly sampled (in a ‘typical way’) then Θ(S) has a gamma distribution. This result generalizes and unifies earlier work by Miles (1971), Møller and Zuyev (1996), and Zuyev (1999). As a new example, we will show that the volume of the fundamental region of a typical j-face of a stationary Poisson–Voronoi tessellation is conditionally gamma distributed. This is true in the area-biased and the area-debiased cases. In the first case the shape parameter is not integer valued. As another new example, we will show that the generalized integral-geometric contents of the (area-biased and area-debiased) typical j-face of a Poisson hyperplane tessellation are conditionally gamma distributed. In the isotropic case the contents boil down to the mean breadth of the face.
An alternative characterization for matrix exponential distributions
Authors: Fackrell Mark
Published: December 2009

A necessary condition for a rational Laplace–Stieltjes transform to correspond to a matrix exponential distribution is that the pole of maximal real part is real and negative. Given a rational Laplace–Stieltjes transform with such a pole, we present a method to determine whether or not the numerator polynomial admits a transform that corresponds to a matrix exponential distribution. The method relies on the minimization of a continuous function of one variable over the nonnegative real numbers. Using this approach, we give an alternative characterization for all matrix exponential distributions of order three.
On the number of allelic types for samples taken from exchangeable coalescents with mutation
Authors: Freund F. , Möhle M.
Published: December 2009

LetKndenote the number of types of a sample of sizentaken from an exchangeable coalescent process (Ξ-coalescent) with mutation. A distributional recursion for the sequence (Kn)n∈ℕis derived. If the coalescent does not have proper frequencies, i.e. if the characterizing measure Ξ on the infinite simplex Δ does not have mass at 0 and satisfies ∫Δ∣x∣Ξ(dx)/(x,x)<∞, where ∣x∣:=∑i=1∞xiand (x,x)≔∑i=1∞xi2forx=(x1,x2,…)∈Δ, thenKn/nconverges weakly asn→∞ to a limiting variableKthat is characterized by an exponential integral of the subordinator associated with the coalescent process. For so-called simple measures Ξ satisfying ∫ΔΞ(dx)/(x,x)<∞, we characterize the distribution ofKvia a fixed-point equation.
On the expected maximum degree of Gabriel and Yao graphs
Authors: Devroye Luc , Gudmundsson Joachim , Morin Pat
Published: December 2009

Motivated by applications of Gabriel graphs and Yao graphs in wireless ad-hoc networks, we show that the maximum degree of a random Gabriel graph or Yao graph defined on n points drawn uniformly at random from a unit square grows as Θ (log n / log log n) in probability.
Isomorphism and Symmetries in Random Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: Bóna Miklós , Flajolet Philippe
Published: December 2009

The probability that two randomly selected phylogenetic trees of the same size are isomorphic is found to be asymptotic to a decreasing exponential modulated by a polynomial factor. The number of symmetrical nodes in a random phylogenetic tree of large size obeys a limiting Gaussian distribution, in the sense of both central and local limits. The probability that two random phylogenetic trees have the same number of symmetries asymptotically obeys an inverse square-root law. Precise estimates for these problems are obtained by methods of analytic combinatorics, involving bivariate generating functions, singularity analysis, and quasi-powers approximations.
Distinguishing direct from indirect roles for bicoid mRNA localization factors
Authors: Weil Timothy T. , Xanthakis Despina , Parton Richard , Dobbie Ian , Rabouille Catherine , Gavis Elizabeth R. , Davis Ilan
Published: December 2009

Localization of bicoid mRNA to the anterior of the Drosophila oocyte is essential for patterning the anteroposterior body axis in the early embryo. bicoid mRNA localizes in a complex multistep process involving transacting factors, molecular motors and cytoskeletal components that remodel extensively during the lifetime of the mRNA. Genetic requirements for several localization factors, including Swallow and Staufen, are well established, but the precise roles of these factors and their relationship to bicoid mRNA transport particles remains unresolved. Here we use live cell imaging, super-resolution microscopy in fixed cells and immunoelectron microscopy on ultrathin frozen sections to study the distribution of Swallow, Staufen, actin and dynein relative to bicoid mRNA during late oogenesis. We show that Swallow and bicoid mRNA are transported independently and are not colocalized at their final destination. Furthermore, Swallow is not required for bicoid transport. Instead, Swallow localizes to the oocyte plasma membrane, in close proximity to actin filaments, and we present evidence that Swallow functions during the late phase of bicoid localization by regulating the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast, Staufen, dynein and bicoid mRNA form nonmembranous, electron dense particles at the oocyte anterior. Our results exclude a role for Swallow in linking bicoid mRNA to the dynein motor. Instead we propose a model for bicoid mRNA localization in which Swallow is transported independently by dynein and contributes indirectly to bicoid mRNA localization by organizing the cytoskeleton, whereas Staufen plays a direct role in dynein-dependent bicoid mRNA transport.
Vibration analysis of a Sendzimir cold rolling mill and bearing fault detection
Authors: Brusa E , Lemma L , Benasciutti D
Published: December 2009

The presence of several rolls in cluster cold rolling mills makes on-line vibration monitoring and failure analysis difficult. The dynamic behaviour of rolls strongly depends on the rolling pressure in the roll bite. Strip vibration applies a dynamic component on the rolling force acting on the work roll and may excite the resonance of the mill stand. This problem motivates predicting the cluster mill dynamics by using a numerical model. It may help in planning the maintenance operation of rolls and bearings and in reducing the service costs. A complete dynamic analysis of the cluster mill layout has seldom been proposed in the literature. In this article, the authors investigate the dynamic behaviour of a Sendzimir mill. A numerical simulator developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment is used to distinguish the effects of chattering, rolls unbalance, motor dynamic irregularities, and bearing fault. Analytical approaches proposed to compute the dynamic component of the rolling force are used as an input to excite the rolls vibration in the cluster mill simulator. Numerical results are used to interpret some preliminary experimental measures performed on the operating Sendzimir mill. Some goals were achieved. This investigation allowed the distinguishing of the dynamic effects due to the rolls from those related to the motor and bearings fault. Critical parameters used in the numerical model were identified. To complete this study, a fully instrumented cold rolling mill has to be used in order to measure all the dynamic signals required to detect the relevant phenomena that have to be prevented.
Modelling and characteristics of a fluid-driven bi-directional motor for an angular position-control system
Authors: Nakao Y , Ishikawa M
Published: December 2009

A water-driven spindle was developed for use in ultra-precision machine tools. Features of this spindle are: (a) it utilizes water flow power to spin the spindle rotor and (b) it utilizes the water pressure to support the rotor. Bend flow channels are formed in the cross-sections of the spindle rotor so that the power of the water flow can be converted into driving power for spinning the rotor. This paper proposes a spindle structure similar to that of the water-driven spindle. A feature of the proposed spindle is that it can be driven in either rotational direction by switching the supply ports. By virtue of the feature of the proposed spindle, angular position control will become achievable by designing an appropriate control system. Prior to developing the angular position-controllable spindle, a testing device, named the fluid-driven bi-directional motor, was developed.

This paper deals with the modelling of the motor that will be needed for designing the angular position control system. The derived mathematical model is then evaluated by comparison with the experimental results. It is then verified that the derived mathematical model is capable of representing the static as well as dynamic characteristics of the motor.
Building suspensions with inerters
Authors: Wang F-C , Hong M-F , Chen C-W
Published: December 2009

This article investigates the performance benefits of building suspension systems that employ a newly developed mechanical element called an inerter. The inerter was proposed as a genuine two-terminal mechanical device to substitute for the mass element, which allows mechanical and electrical networks to become truly analogous. This study applied inerters to building suspension control. First, a one-degree-of-freedom (DOF) building model was examined in order to show the significant performance improvement by inerters, especially with a multi-layer design. Second, the discussion was extended to a two-DOF building model. Finally, a ball-screw inerter was constructed for testing. From the results, the inerters were deemed effective in reducing building vibrations.
Separating response‐execution bias from decision bias: Arguments for an additional parameter in Ratcliff's diffusion model
Authors: Voss Andreas , Voss Jochen , Klauer Karl Christoph
Published: December 2009

Diffusion model data analysis permits the disentangling of different processes underlying the effects of experimental manipulations. Estimates can be provided for the speed of information accumulation, for the amount of information used to draw conclusions, and for a decision bias. One parameter describes the duration of non‐decisional processes including the duration of motor‐response execution. In the default diffusion model, it is implicitly assumed that both responses are executed with the same speed. In some applications of the diffusion model, this assumption will be violated. This will lead to biased parameter estimates. Consequently, we suggest accounting explicitly for differences in the speed of response execution for both responses. Results from a simulation study illustrate that parameter estimates from the default model are biased if the speed of response execution differs between responses. A second simulation study shows that large trial numbers (N>1,000) are needed to detect whether differences in response‐execution times are based on different execution times.
People With Intellectual Disabilities in Iceland: A Bourdieuean Interpretation of Self-Advocacy
Authors: Björnsdóttir Kristín , Jóhannesson IngólfurÁsgeir
Published: December 2009

There are many barriers to social participation in Iceland for people with intellectual disabilities. This article builds on qualitative research with young adults with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this article is to develop an approach where the struggles over the meaning of social participation of people with intellectual disabilities are seen as social strategies. In the article, the authors suggest that people with intellectual disabilities are carving out a space where intellectual disability is gaining higher social status. They also posit that people with intellectual disabilities use several social strategies in the emerging field of self-advocacy for the purpose of improving their social position. Thus, the article contributes to a new social understanding of disability and how people with disabilities gain authority over their lives and experiences.
Optimal Management of Regional Water Supply Systems Using a Reduced Finite-Element Groundwater ModelOptimierte Bewirtschaftung von regionalen Wasserversorgungssystemen unter Nutzung eines reduzierten Finite-Elemente Grundwassermodells
Authors: Bernard Thomas , Krol Oliver , Linke Hartmut , Rauschenbach Thomas
Published: December 2009

The sustainable management of water resources and a reliable supply of safe drinking water will play a key role for the human prosperity in the following decades. This paper presents an optimal control approach for the management of water resources in a rapid developing region with critical water shortage. A model of the water allocation system is developed which considers both surface and groundwater resources and the distribution network. A reduced model of the complex spatially distributed 3D Finite Element groundwater model is applied. Hence the optimization problem, which is formulated as a large scale structured non-linear programming problem, can be solved with appropriate computation effort. The performance of the proposed concept is analyzed using realistic optimization scenarios.
Colloidal Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystals Via Inverse Micelles Microemulsion
Authors: Teh Geok Bee , Nagalingam Saravanan , Tilley Richard D. , Ramesh S. , Lim Yun Seng
Published: December 2009

We describe here the synthesis and characterization of silicon nanocrystals prepared by using microemulsion technique which involved the formation of inverse micelles. Colloidal systems employing TOAB as the surfactant molecules were used to synthesise nanosized silicon nanocrystals. The initial reaction of silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4 with a strong reducing agent, NaBH4 produced Si nanocrystals with hydrogen terminated surfaces. The surfaces of the nanocrystals were then capped with 1-heptene which protected the silicon nanocrystals from oxidation. The resultant surface passivated silicon nanocrystals suspended in organic solvent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. This study provided direct evidence of ageing, stability of different surface passivation and the quantum confinement effect in nanosized silicon nanocrystals.
Phase Diagram for Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Swiderska-Mocek Agnieszka
Published: December 2009

Dimensionless reduced melting point T* (thermal energy at the melting point related to the energy of Coulombic interaction) and volume V* (molar volume related to the volume occupied by ions) were calculated from experimental data available in the literature. Calculations were performed for a number of 1:1 valent salts, having melting points in the range from 254 K (room temperature ionic liquid [EtMeIm+][NTf2
−]) and 1268 K (NaF). While the reduced melting temperature was approximately constant (0.12 ± 0.03), the reduced molar volume differed considerably (0.255–1.050). Pairs of V*;T* parameters were used for the construction of a V* = f(T*) phase diagram, which showed one vertical line, indicating regions of salt existence in the solid and liquid states. All V*, T* points, calculated for salts of different melting points, were at the same line.
A Novel Room Temperature Molten Salt Electrolyte Based on LiBOB and 2-Oxazolidinone for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Li Wei , Yu Shuxian , Zhang Ning , Gu Ningyu , Zhang Rongbin , Gao Lijun
Published: December 2009

In this paper, a novel room temperature molten salt electrolyte based on lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiB(C2O4)2, LiBOB) and 2-Oxazolidinone (C3H5NO2, OZO) has been prepared as the electrolyte of electrochemical capacitors (EDLCs). The conductivity, thermal stability and electrochemical stability of the LiBOB-OZO electrolytes are investigated. It shows excellent thermal stability, high ionic conductivity (up to 10.4mS cm−1) and a wide electrochemical stability window (4.5 V). The temperature dependence of conductivity for the electrolytes follows the VFT equation, which demonstrates a solvent-assisted ionic conductivity mechanism. Based on it, a specific recipe of the LiBOB-OZO electrolytes (with a molar ratio of 1:6) is evaluated by cylic voltammetry, AC impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charging-discharging in a test EDLC capacitor. It is found that the EDLC with the LiBOB-OZO complex electrolyte can be charged up to 2.5 V, the specific capacitance based on an activated carbon electrode can reach 92.5 F g−1 at 50°C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) decreases sharply from 18.2 Ω at 30 °C to 7.2 Ω at 70 °C. Then, an EDLC of higher energy density and power density can be obtained，especially in the temperatures above 50 °C
Pushtun Ethnonationalism and the Taliban Insurgency in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan
Authors: Ghufran Nasreen
Published: December 2009

This article examines the rise and contemporary dynamics of the Taliban insurgency in the NWFP and FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Area) regions of Pakistan. It argues that the Taliban insurgency is not necessarily a product or reflective of Pushtun ethnonationalism. Instead, it is based on a particular interpretation of Islam, irrespective of ethnic or linguistic demarcations. U.S. and NATO military intervention along the Afghan-Pakistan border since 2001 has exacerbated the Taliban insurgency in Pakistan.
The Problem of Political Stability in Northeast India: Local Ethnic Autocracy and the Rule of Law
Authors: Lacina Bethany
Published: December 2009

Inter-communal and insurgent violence has been entrenched in Northeast India for decades. At present, however, attacks against central government forces are in abeyance. This downturn reflects the consolidation of local regimes of corruption and repression. New Delhi tolerates and even supports such localized autocracy as a means to manage security threats.
Synthesis and characterization of band gap-reduced ZnO:N and ZnO:(Al,N) films for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Shet Sudhakar , Ahn Kwang-Soon , Deutsch Todd , Wang Heli , Ravindra Nuggehalli , Yan Yanfa , Turner John , Al-Jassim Mowafak
Published: December 2009

ZnO thin films with significantly reduced band gaps were synthesized by doping N and codoping Al and N at 100 °C. All the films were synthesized by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering on F-doped tin-oxide-coated glass. We found that codoped ZnO:(Al,N) thin films exhibited significantly enhanced crystallinity compared with ZnO doped solely with N, ZnO:N, at the same growth conditions. Furthermore, annealed ZnO:(Al,N) thin films exhibited enhanced N incorporation over ZnO:N films. As a result, ZnO:(Al,N) films exhibited better photocurrents than ZnO:N films grown with pure N doping, suggesting that charge-compensated donor–acceptor codoping could be a potential method for band gap reduction of wide-band gap oxide materials to improve their photoelectrochemical performance.
An outbreak of bat-transmitted human rabies in a village in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Mendes Wellington da Silva , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da , Neiva Romerito Fonseca , Costa Nicolle Matos , Assis Maressa Soares de , Vidigal Priscila Maria Oliveira , Branco Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho , Leite Maria da Graça Lírio , Rios Jakeline Maria Trinta , Martins José Orlando Sousa , Waquin Neto Salim Jorge
Published: December 2009

During 45 days without electrical power, 57 individuals (8.7% of the population) from the village of Antônio Dino (municipality of Turiaçu, Northeastern Brazil) were attacked by bats and 16 died from human rabies. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors associated with bat attacks and the development of human rabies. Of the 46 individuals, who suffered bat attacks, 36 (78.3%) were under 17 years of age. The risk factors associated with bat attacks were age under 17 years, having observed bats inside the bedroom and having been without electrical power in the house. Age under 17 years and having been without electrical power in the house were factors associated with human rabies.
Public health and the knowledge industry
Authors: Camargo Jr. Kenneth Rochel de
Published: December 2009

Knowledge plays an important role in health care. The production and diffusion of health-related knowledge are increasingly under the control of private commercial interests, which are characterized by conflicts of interests that result in abuses of power. Considerable research has been done on the medical-industrial complex and its role in the production of power imbalances and the consequent abuses, but little attention has been dedicated to the role played by the publishing industry, which can be subject to the same problems. The widely diffused idea that "frequent and major changes" occur in medicine, albeit unsupported by clearcut evidence, is an effective marketing tool for both the pharmaceutical and publishing industries, who feed and thrive on physicians' insecurities. The production and distribution of knowledge should be addressed as a strategic component of public health.
Internações sensíveis na atenção primária como indicador de avaliação da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Fernandes Viviane Braga Lima , Caldeira Antônio Prates , Faria Anderson Antônio de , Rodrigues Neto João Felício
Published: December 2009

OBJETIVO: Identificar variáveis associadas a internações sensíveis ao cuidado primário. MÉTODOS: Inquérito de morbidade hospitalar realizado com amostra aleatória de 660 pacientes internados em enfermarias de clínica médica e cirúrgica de hospitais conveniados com o Sistema Único de Saúde, em Montes Claros, MG, de 2007 a 2008. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os pacientes e seus familiares utilizando formulário próprio e pesquisa aos prontuários. A definição das condições consideradas sensíveis ao cuidado primário baseou-se na lista do Ministério da Saúde. A associação entre variáveis socioeconômicas e de saúde com as internações sensíveis foi analisada utilizando-se análises bivariadas e de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: O percentual de internações sensíveis ao cuidado primário no grupo estudado foi de 38,8% (n=256). As variáveis que se mantiveram estatisticamente associadas com as condições sensíveis ao cuidado primário foram: internação prévia (OR=1,62; IC 95%: 1,51;2,28), visitas regulares a unidades de saúde (OR=2,20; IC 95%: 1,44;3,36), baixa escolaridade (OR=1,50; IC 95%: 1,02;2,20), controle de saúde não realizado por equipe de saúde da família (OR=2,48; IC 95%: 1,64;3,74), internação solicitada por médicos que não atuam na equipe de saúde da família (OR=2,25; IC 95%: 1,03;4,94) e idade igual ou superior a 60 anos (OR=2,12; IC 95%: 1,45;3,09). CONCLUSÕES: As variáveis associadas às internações sensíveis são sobretudo próprias do paciente, como idade, escolaridade e internações prévias, mas o controle regular da saúde fora da Estratégia de Saúde da Família duplica a probabilidade de internação.
A pessoa com diabete: do enfoque terapêutico ao existencial
Authors: Oviedo Aracely Diaz , Boemer Magali Roseira
Published: December 2009

Realizou-se este estudo diante da inquietação com a pessoa com Diabetes, as implicações da doença em sua vida;. fundamentalmente, buscando um deslocamento da doença sob a ótica de um fato para a de um fenômeno, que requer desvelamentos. Conduzido sob o referencial da investigação fenomenológica, com vistas à apreensão da essência do significado de conviver com a doença. O estudo foi realizado obtendo depoimentos de pessoas que experienciam a doença. O contexto da investigação foi uma Instituição de Saúde, localizada na cidade de San Luis Potosí, no México. A análise dos dados possibilitou a construção de categorias temáticas, que revelam facetas importantes do existir dessas pessoas. Abriu perspectivas para um olhar para além da doença, contemplando a pessoa diabética em sua situcionalidade. E assim norteando alguns caminhos para políticas de assistência.
Iatrogenias de enfermagem em pacientes idosos hospitalizados
Authors: Santos Jussara Carvalho dos , Ceolim Maria Filomena
Published: December 2009

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, em prontuários, as principais iatrogenias de enfermagem acometendo idosos internados em duas enfermarias de um hospital universitário (Campinas, SP). É um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados de 100 prontuários (50 homens e 50 mulheres), por meio de um instrumento criado pelas autoras. Utilizaram-se, para análise, estatística descritiva e os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, considerando-se os resultados significativos quando p<0,05. Encontraram-se registros das seguintes iatrogenias, em 26 prontuários: problemas com acesso venoso periférico (14 prontuários), úlcera por pressão (8 prontuários) e queda (2 prontuários), entre outros. Os relatos eram pouco detalhados e não apontavam medidas para prevenção de novas ocorrências. Os achados indicam a importância de um sistema que estimule os profissionais de enfermagem a não praticar a subnotificação das iatrogenias, bem como da criação de uma enfermaria voltada para o público idoso para oferecer-lhes cuidados específicos.
Hegemonia e contra-hegemonia no processo de implantação da Casa de Parto no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo , Moura Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos
Published: December 2009

Estudou-se o processo de implantação da primeira Casa de Parto no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa objetivou-se identificar os determinantes do processo de implantação da Casa de Parto e analisar a influência dos grupos hegemônicos e contra-hegemônicos neste processo de implantação. O referencial teórico foi o conceito de hegemonia. O método dialético orientou a análise dos dados por meio das categorias metodológicas: contradição, totalidade e historicidade. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas no período de janeiro a julho de 2007. Os entrevistados foram quatro gestores da saúde municipal e onze profissionais técnico-administrativos designados para implantar a Casa de Parto. A síntese deste estudo revelou que a implantação da Casa de Parto foi determinada pela contra-hegemonia estabelecida na assistência à gestação e parto fisiológicos.
O Partograma como instrumento de análise da assistência ao parto
Authors: Rocha Ivanilde Marques da Silva , Oliveira Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos de , Schneck Camilla Alexsandra , Riesco Maria Luiza Gonzalez , Costa Adriana de Souza Caroci da
Published: December 2009

A Organização Mundial da Saúde e Ministério da Saúde do Brasil recomendam o uso do partograma para acompanhamento do trabalho de parto. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o uso de intervenções obstétricas, tipo de parto e resultados perinatais, segundo as zonas I, II e III do partograma. Estudo transversal realizado com 233 parturientes de baixo risco entre dezembro de 2004 e março de 2005 em uma maternidade pública de Itapecerica da Serra-SP. Foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fischer para análise comparativa, adotando-se o valor de p=0,05. As práticas utilizadas nas diferentes zonas do partograma com significância estatística (p=0,05) foram: banho, movimento e deambulação (zona-III); rotura artificial de membrana (zona-II); ocitocina (zona-I). A cesariana ocorreu em 24,0% das parturientes na zona-III. As intervenções ocorreram em momento oportuno, apontando que partograma pode ser um instrumento norteador para adoção de intervenções no trabalho de parto.
Conhecimentos e atitudes dos jovens face à contracepção de emergência
Authors: Castro João Francisco de , Rodrigues Vitor Manuel Costa Pereira
Published: December 2009

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, numa amostra de 753 alunos do 10º e 12º ano da região do Douro (Norte de Portugal), com o objetivo de conhecer a informação e a atitude dos jovens relativamente à contracepção de emergência (anticoncepcional pós-coito). Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário dividido em 3 partes, em que na 1ª constam 10 questões de caracterização sócio-demográfica, na 2ª, 22 questões acerca da informação e conhecimentos sobre a sexualidade/contracepção de emergência, e uma 3ª parte, que engloba 8 questões acerca da atitude face à contracepção de emergência. Os resultados globais apontam para um conhecimento efetivo diminuto (10,5%). A atitude, entre os jovens, é genericamente favorável à contracepção de emergência. Os alunos que apresentam mais conhecimento efetivo são os do 12º ano de escolaridade e os pertencentes ao sexo feminino.
Práticas culturais sobre aleitamento materno entre famílias cadastradas em um Programa de Saúde da Família
Authors: Frota Mirna Albuquerque , Mamede Ana Lúcia e Silva , Vieira Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza , Albuquerque Conceição de Maria de , Martins Mariana Cavalcante
Published: December 2009

Objetivou-se identificar as práticas culturais em relação ao aleitamento materno entre famílias cadastradas em um PSF. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, realizado em Pentecoste, Ceará, com 15 mães que demonstraram algum fator restritivo ao aleitamento. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada e, após análise, emergiram as categorias empíricas: prazer em amamentar e prevenção de doenças; influência da família/comunidade; e dificuldade em manter a amamentação. As mães verbalizaram dificuldades na prática da amamentação, ausência de um suporte adequado do serviço de saúde que envolva fatores não somente biológicos, mas no âmbito social e cultural. Conclui-se que há distanciamento entre o discurso científico e as práticas culturais do dia-a-dia dessas famílias.
Enfermidades tratadas e tratáveis pela acupuntura segundo percepção de enfermeiras
Authors: Kurebayashi Leonice Fumiko Sato , Freitas Genival Fernandes de , Oguisso Taka
Published: December 2009

Esse trabalho objetivou identificar e analisar as percepções dos enfermeiros acerca das enfermidades tratadas e tratáveis pela acupuntura. Foram consideradas: (1) as enfermidades das entrevistadas que já haviam se submetido ao tratamento com acupuntura; (2) as enfermidades que as enfermeiras têm e que poderiam ser tratáveis pela acupuntura; (3) sugestões de doenças tratáveis pela acupuntura para o paciente de Unidades de Saúde. Pesquisa de natureza exploratória foi realizada com 33 enfermeiras, em 11 Unidades de Saúde da Região Sudeste do Município de São Paulo, onde havia a terapia de acupuntura. Os resultados demonstraram que a acupuntura foi mais utilizada para o tratamento de estresse (3/21, equivalente a 10,7%) e para ansiedade, enxaqueca, lombalgia, mioma e obesidade (2/21, correspondente a 7,1% cada uma). Foi mais sugerida para o tratamento de doenças músculo-esqueléticas (34/82, equivalente a 41,5%), e doenças crônico-degenerativas (8/82, equivalente a 10%).
Processos de trabalho no Programa Saúde da Família: atravessamentos e transversalidades
Authors: Junges José Roque , Selli Lucilda , Soares Natália de Ávila , Fernandes Raquel Brondísia Panizzi , Schreck Marília
Published: December 2009

A pesquisa teve o objetivo de compreender os desafios éticos da implantação do Programa usando a abordagem qualitativa e discussão focal em grupo. A amostra foi intencional, com integrantes das diferentes equipes PSF do município de Campo Bom (RS): 3 médicos, 3 enfermeiras, 2 técnicas e 4 agentes comunitários de saúde. Foram criadas 8 situações de discussão sobre diferentes aspectos do PSF. O artigo é um recorte da pesquisa, tendo como objetivo específico os estrangulamentos nos processos de trabalho do PSF. O referencial teórico são os conceitos de atravessamento e transversalidade e a proposta da clínica ampliada. Os resultados foram classificados segundo os diferentes atores envolvidos nos processos de trabalho: usuários, agentes comunitários de saúde, profissionais, gestores e sistema de saúde. Os resultados apontam que os estrangulamentos nestes processos têm a sua origem na reprodução de procedimentos e de práticas hospitalares na atenção básica, levando a desconsiderar as dimensões subjetivas e sociais do processo saúde/doença. A proposta da clínica ampliada poderia ser uma resposta, porque defende que os itinerários terapêuticos precisam ser frutos de uma pactuação entre usuário e profissional.
A enfermeira diplomada e a luta contra tuberculose no Brasil: 1961-1966
Authors: Montenegro Hercília Regina do Amaral , Almeida Filho Antonio José de , Santos Tânia Cristina Franco , Lourenço Lucia Helena Silva Corrêa
Published: December 2009

O objeto desse estudo é a reconfiguração do Serviço de Enfermagem do Hospital Estadual Santa Maria, frente a uma nova política contra a tuberculose no Brasil. Objetivos: descrever as circunstâncias que ensejaram a implantação do novo Programa de Ação na Luta contra a Tuberculose no Brasil, e discutir as estratégias utilizadas pelas enfermeiras diplomadas do Hospital Estadual Santa Maria, no Estado da Guanabara, para adequar a assistência de enfermagem ao novo programa de combate à tuberculose. Estudo histórico-social. Para sua elaboração, foi realizada pesquisa documental, entrevistas e depoimentos de enfermeiras da época. A análise do corpus documental, apoiada pelos conceitos de habitus, campo e poder simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu, se fez com base em documentos escritos, orais e fontes secundárias. Resultados: a reconfiguração do serviço de enfermagem se deu sob a liderança de uma enfermeira cujo capital simbólico lhe conferia poder e prestígio para implementar as mudanças necessárias. Pode-se concluir que a atuação dessa enfermeira possibilitou a implantação do novo programa, e contribuiu para demarcar o espaço e a importância da enfermeira diplomada na assistência aos acometidos de tuberculose, tanto nos aspectos de prevenção quanto nos de cura.
Construção e validação de instrumento para Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem (AEEE)
Authors: Costa Ana Lucia Siqueira , Polak Catarina
Published: December 2009

O estresse tem sido evidenciado de maneira significativa entre os estudantes de Enfermagem. Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa quantitativa, de desenvolvimento metodológico que teve como objetivo construir e validar um instrumento para avaliar os fatores de estresse em estudantes de enfermagem. A construção dos itens baseou-se no modelo de Pasquali e o referencial teórico de estresse foi o de Lazarus e Folkman. O instrumento ficou composto por 30 itens, agrupados em seis domínios: Realização das atividades práticas; Comunicação profissional; Gerenciamento do tempo; Ambiente; Formação profissional; Atividade teórica. A análise fatorial confirmou o modelo conceitual e os domínios propostos. A consistência interna dos domínios estimada pelo alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,71 a 0,87. Foram criados 4 pontos de corte para os escores de cada domínio. O instrumento poderá ser utilizado para avaliar a intensidade dos fatores de estresse entre os estudantes de enfermagem.
Desenvolvimento e validação de uma versão reduzida do instrumento para avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho de enfermeiros em hospitais
Authors: Kimura Miako , Carandina Dirley Maria
Published: December 2009

Este estudo tem como objetivos desenvolver a versão reduzida de um instrumento para avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) de enfermeiros hospitalares e analisar a sua confiabilidade e validade. O estudo foi desenvolvido com uma amostra probabilística de 348 enfermeiros selecionados em quatro hospitais da cidade de São Paulo. Os métodos clinimétrico e psicométrico foram utilizados no processo de redução de itens, obtendo-se um instrumento com 31 itens e quatro domínios: Valorização e reconhecimento institucional; Condições de trabalho, segurança e remuneração; Identidade e imagem profissional e Integração com a equipe. Na análise da consistência interna, obtiveram-se coeficientes alfa de Cronbach de 0,94 para o total de itens e de 0,77 a 0,92 para os domínios. Estes resultados e os obtidos nas análises de validade convergente, de critério e discriminante sugerem que o instrumento reduzido é adequado para a mensuração da QVT de enfermeiros em hospitais.
Validade e confiabilidade do Inventário de Atitudes frente à Dor Crônica (IAD-28 itens) em lingua portuguesa
Authors: Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos , Kurita Geana Paula , Silva Evelani Martins da , Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da
Published: December 2009

Trata-se da reavaliação da confiabilidade e validade do Inventário de Atitudes frente à Dor Crônica-versão breve, (IAD-breve) com 183 pacientes com dor crônica não oncológica. O IAD-breve 28 itens avalia as crenças sobre dor crônica relacionadas ao controle, emoção, solicitude, cura médica, dano físico, incapacidade e medicação. A análise mostrou sete domínios e 28 itens. Houve diferenças na alocação de dois itens e, após análises, optou-se por retirá-los. Quatro domínios apresentaram valores de alfa de Cronbach considerados bons (entre 0,74 e 0,85) e em três, foram moderados (entre 0,58 e 0,65). O IAD-breve 28 itens em língua portuguesa é superior à primeira versão.
Impact of methodology on the results of economic evaluations of varicella vaccination programs: is it important for decision-making?
Authors: Soárez Patrícia Coelho de , Novaes Hillegonda Maria Dutilh , Sartori Ana Marli Christovan
Published: December 2009

This study aims to review the literature on economic evaluation of childhood varicella vaccination programs and to discuss how heterogeneity in methodological aspects and estimation of parameters can affect the studies' results. After applying the inclusion criteria, 27 studies published from 1980 to 2008 were analyzed in relation to methodological differences. There was great heterogeneity in the perspective adopted, evaluation of indirect costs, type of model used, modeling of the effect on herpes zoster, and estimation of vaccine price and efficacy parameters. The factor with the greatest impact on results was the inclusion of indirect costs, followed by the perspective adopted and vaccine price. The choice of a particular methodological aspect or parameter affected the studies' results and conclusions. It is essential that authors present these choices transparently so that users of economic evaluations understand the implications of such choices and the direction in which the results of the analysis were conducted.
Physical activity in Brazil: a systematic review
Authors: Dumith Samuel C.
Published: December 2009

The purpose of this study, based on a systematic literature review, was to describe the prevalence of physical activity (or inactivity) in the Brazilian population. The databases consulted were: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar portal. The terms "physical activity", "physical exercise", "physical inactivity", "sedentary" "Brazil", and "Brazilian" were used in the search. Overall, 47 studies (all cross-sectional) with random samples were found, and in 26 studies physical activity was the main variable. Only two studies were published before the year 2000, as compared to 12 in 2008 alone. The studies were heavily concentrated in the South and Southeast of Brazil, and there were few studies on physical activity in children and adolescents. In all the studies, physical activity was measured subjectively, mainly with questionnaires, and the most widely studied domain was leisure time. The criteria for defining physical activity varied widely, as did prevalence. The study highlighted the need for standardization of instruments, criteria, and nomenclature in epidemiological studies on physical activity.
A imagem de satélite: do técnico ao político na construção do conhecimento geográfico
Authors: Castillo Ricardo
Published: December 2009

A idéia central do artigo é estabelecer uma articulação entre técnica, política e epistemologia particular da Geografia, a partir de uma discussão sobre a imagem de satélite, em suas dimensões sensorial, sintáxica e semântica. Nosso propósito é contribuir para o esclarecimento do papel que a imagem de satélite desempenha não apenas como instrumento da ação informada, mas também na construção do conhecimento geográfico.
O status de realidade das fotografias aéreas verticais no contexto dos estudos geográficos
Authors: Cazetta Valéria
Published: December 2009

Os mapas foram tidos, outrora, como linguagem essencial da ciência geográfica. No período atual, juntam-se a eles as fotografias aéreas verticais e as imagens orbitais. As primeiras foram utilizadas sobremaneira nas investigações geográficas em contexto acadêmico-científico, complementadas atualmente pelas imagens orbitais. Essas duas linguagens estão circulando um jeito novo de olhar e conceber o espaço, seja ele próximo (percorrido diariamente por nosso corpo) ou distante (experimentado via imagens orbitais, entre outros tipos de imagens). Os diferentes tipos de imagens orbitais e fotografias aéreas verticais estão produzindo em nós uma dada memória visual acerca do que venha a ser a realidade do espaço geográfico em suas diversas manifestações cotidianas. Assim, pergunto: em que contexto tais imagens assumem o status de serem reais ou tão semelhantes à realidade, de modo a parecer que são, de fato, verdadeiras ou a própria realidade geográfica? O que supostamente nos leva a acreditar nas imagens como uma (re)apresentação da realidade? Neste texto, discuto o status de realidade que as imagens orbitais e as fotografias aéreas têm no contexto dos estudos geográficos acadêmicos. Ao final, destacarei os exemplos do status de realidade nas fotografias aéreas verticais.