bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) PADA BUKU SISWA TEMA 1 KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Cyndiani Siti , Asmah Siti Nur , Nurcahyo Muhammad Aqmal
Published: November 2022

Analisis Model Project Based Learning (Pjbl) Pada Buku Teks Siswa Tema 1 Pada Kelas V SD Negeri 14 Sungai Raya. Skripsi, Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Kalimantan Barat. Pembimbing: (I) Siti Nur Asmah, M.Pd., (II) Muhammad Aqmal Nurcahyo, M.Pd. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk “Mendeskripsikan Muatan Model Project Based Learning (PJBL) Pada Buku Teks Siswa Tema 1 Pada Kelas V”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif, teknik analisis data yang digunakan yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata pembelajaran pada subtema 1 (organ gerak hewan) diperoleh hasil sebesar 61% yang berkategori “cukup”. Selanjutnya nilai rata-rata pembelajaran pada subtema 2 (manusia dan lingkungan) diperoleh hasil rata-rata sebesar 39% yang berkategori “kurang sekali”. Dan terakhir nilai rata-rata pembelajaran pada subtema 3 (lingkungan dan manfaat) diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata sebesar 72% yang berkategori “cukup”.
Therapeutic Options in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Established and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Kim Nina , Navada Shyamala
Published: November 2022

Although hypomethylating agents (HMA) have revolutionised the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a significant proportion of patients either fail to respond to HMA or their disease progresses after an initial response. Established therapeutic options for these patients remain limited. Fortunately, recent advancements in the knowledge of MDS pathogenesis have allowed for the development of many targeted therapies, including epigenetic regulators, signal transduction regulators, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cell apoptosis regulators, and novel cytotoxic agents. These novel therapeutics have shown varying degrees of promise in clinical trials. Epigenetic regulators, such as second-generation HMA and isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, have shown modest efficacy in early studies, while histone deacetylase inhibitors have, thus far, failed to show significant clinical benefit. Signal transduction modulators, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β inhibitors and toll-like receptor inhibitors, appear to alleviate anaemia symptoms, but further studies are needed to determine their effect on survival. Rigosertib, a multikinase inhibitor, improved survival in a small subset of patients with very high-risk MDS. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown mixed results. Agents that have recently been approved for use in specific types of high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia, including FMS-like tyrosine receptor kinase 3 inhibitors and CPX-351, are also being studied for use in MDS, with early studies suggesting efficacy. Several other agents are also under investigation with results pending. These novel agents represent potential therapeutic options for patients who have failed HMA and for whom no currently established therapies are available.
Planning Your Next Move in Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Leukaemias
Authors: Fricker Janet
Published: November 2022

The meeting was arranged as a series of conversations between experts, following a question and answer format with two speakers in each presentation. In the first presentation, Dr Soverini and Prof Lion discussed the importance of the timing and depth of response with respect to clinical outcomes in Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) leukaemias. They showed how sensitive and reproducible measurements of molecular response (MR) and the proper interpretation of laboratory data are critical to correctly inform therapeutic decisions in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL). Detection of BCR-ABL mutations can establish the need for treatment change and, in some cases, indicate which tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) is most likely to be effective. The speakers addressed the need for more sensitive and accurate methods to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) and detect mutations that drive resistance to TKI therapy. They explored two distinct patterns of mutation observed in patients with >1 mutation (polyclonal and compound mutations) and how in addition to selecting the most appropriate TKI it is also important to consider the most appropriate dose.

In the second presentation, Dr Bassan and Prof Dr Junghanß discussed the evolving treatment landscape for Ph+ ALL, including the role of TKI, chemotherapy, and allogenic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The advent of TKI has improved the prognosis for Ph+ ALL, allowing many more patients to achieve complete remission and be considered for allogeneic SCT. However, treatment-related mortality remains a significant issue after allogenic SCT affecting 20–33% of patients.

Studies show that early death rates are lower for patients receiving ‘light’ chemotherapy and TKI with steroids in place of chemotherapy. Furthermore, for patients achieving complete MR, in some studies there is no difference in outcome between those who undergo allogenic SCT and those who do not, provided that the latter subgroup was selected according to absence of residual disease by PCR analysis. Such data suggest that, in Ph+ ALL, novel therapeutic approaches may in some patients obviate the need for intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic SCT. Studies are now ongoing to explore whether Ph+ ALL patients can abstain from allogenic SCT through selection of the strongest TKI upfront and whether chemotherapy-free regimens might be an option.
SYNTHESIS OF SALTS OF N-ALLYLTRICHLOROACETAMIDINIUM HEXAHALOGENOTELLURATE
Authors: Povidaichik Mariana , Shalimov Oleksandr , Onysko Mykhailo , Onysko Petro
Published: November 2022

Amidines with a trichloromethyl group exhibit the properties of inotropic agents, which are used as scaffolds in synthesizing aza-hete­rocycles and ligands for complex formation. Functionalized amidines show anticancer, and antidiabetic activity, and are antihypertensive and antiparasitic agents. The synthesis of new functional derivatives of such amidines is definitely an urgent task. The introduction of an alkenyl substituent and several nucleophilic centers in the amidine creates prerequisites for electrophilic cyclization. This work aims to study the reactions of N-allyl-N-methyl-N'-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanimidamide with tellurium halides.

The starting N-allyl-N-methyl-N'-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanimidamide was synthesized from N-allyl-N-methyl-­2,2,2-­trichloroethanimidamide by the action of trimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine base. The reaction of N-­allyl-­N-methyl-N'-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanimidamide with tellurium dioxide in hydrohalic acid was carried out while cooling to 0°C. Elemental analysis confirms that the electrophilic reagent is in its acidic form in the complex. The 1H NMR spectra of the obtained complexes indicate the absence of EVC - the spin pattern of the proton signals of the allylic substituent, characteristic of the starting compounds, is preserved, but the signals are shifted by 0.3–0.6 ppm. The absence of proton signals of the trimethyl salt substituent indicates the removal of imide protection under these conditions. The presence of a broade­ned singlet in a weak field indicates the pre­sence of acidic protons. Apparently, protonation does not take place on the alkenyl multiple bonds, but, presumably, on the imide nitrogen atom. Based on elemental analysis, the composition of the formed complex was determined: N-allyl-N-methyl-2,2,2-trichloroethanimidamidine: hexahalogenotelluric acid as 1:0.5, which contains 4 or 3 water molecules. So the interaction of N-allyl-N-methyl-N'-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanimidamide with tellurium tetrahalides in a strongly acidic environment, tellurium- or proton-induced cyclization does not occur, but hexahalogeno­tellurate N-allyl-N-methyl-2,2,2-trichloro­etha­neimidamidinium regardless of the polarity of the solvent.
Importance and Role of Common Hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in Folk Medicine and Industry in Azerbaijan
Authors: Alizade R.
Published: November 2022

Corylus avellana L. is a very common valuable shrub that usually regenerates naturally in mixed forests. Hazelnut cultivation in Azerbaijan has a very ancient history. Since ancient times, people have cultivated wild types of hazelnuts and cultivated high-quality hazelnut plants. The composition of hazelnut fruit is protein, fat (about 60-70%), carbohydrates (15-17%), 45% water, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, etc. It is rich in minerals, vitamins A and E, B1, B5, B6, B9, B group vitamins. The root, stem, leaves and fruits of hazelnut are widely used in industry and medicine.
Effect of Storage Period on Change of Gluten Content in Local Triticum Genotypes
Authors: Gasanova L.
Published: November 2022

The change in gluten and the change in the amount of gluten of grain depending on the shelf life of wheat varieties and varietals cultivated at zonal experimental stations of the Research Institute of Agriculture has been studied. Every 10 days, the amount of gluten was determined by washing. As a result, a pattern was established between changes in the IDC and the amount of gluten in local genotypes, depending on the shelf life. This gives us information about how long the quality of grain does not change, and how long it can be effectively stored in warehouses.
Characteristics of Biological and Economic Qualities Holstein Cattle
Authors: Mirzaev V.
Published: November 2022

In the presented article, the milk productivity of cows of the Black Pied breed of different genotypes in the 1st lactation is considered. The biological indicators of cows in the base farms and farms of comparison are analyzed. Features of the shape of the udder of cows in the early period of childbirth, the size and functional characteristics of the udder of heifers, as well as quantitative differences in the protein content in the milk of Holsteinized and reference cows.
Evaluation of Winter Wheat Genotypes Under Rainfed Farming Conditions
Authors: Jahangirov A. , Mammadova S. , Allahverdiyev T. , Huseynova I.
Published: November 2022

Drought has a serious effect on the plant height, the heading date and the grain yield of winter wheat genotypes in Mountainous Shirvan. Genotypes of Sonmez 01, Sheki 1, Bezostaya 1 and Gyzilbughda were noted as the tallest (120.1, 118.9, 114.9 and 111.8 cm), Gyrmizigul 1, Guneshli, Tale 38, Aran, Zirva 85 and Azamatli 95 as the short (83.6, 92.8, 95.8, 92.9, 94.0 and 98.0 cm), respectively, which indicates the adaptability of tall varieties for rainfed conditions. Gobustan, Zirva 85, Ruzi 84 and Gunashli genotypes were noted as the early heading, and Bezostaya 1, Sheki 1, Aran, Tale 38, Gyrmizigul 1 and Baba 75 as the late heading, which is associated with their genotypic characteristics. The yield was changed depending on the genotypic characteristics and annual total precipitation during the growing season. The highest yield was recorded in Gobustan and 7WON-SA no. 465 genotypes, while the lowest yield was in Azeri, Bezostaya 1 and Murov 2 during the research. Adaptation to adverse conditions and high yielding of Gyrmizigul 1 genotype shows the possibility of cultivation under adverse conditions. By adaptability to drought high yield of genotypes can be obtained responding to high soil fertility and favorable climatic conditions. Cultivation of these genotypes in rainfed regions such as Mountainous Shirvan is recommended.
Effect of Sowing Schemes on the Biochemical Composition and Beta vulgaris var. esculenta L. Yield
Authors: Mahsudov Sh.
Published: November 2022

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. esculenta L.) was planted according to different sowing patterns. Were studied the biochemical composition (dry matter, sugar, nitrates) and productivity indicators of table beet planted in various sowing patterns. The reliability of the yield index was checked using the statistical program T-test. Planting patterns of 60+10 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm were evaluated as the most optimal sowing patterns for all the studied traits in table beet cultivation on Absheron.
From Medieval French Mystery Plays to English Narrative Poem: Abraham’s Temptation, 1834
Authors: Rees Kathy
Published: November 2022

This article examines the uncanonical nature of the little-known poem Abraham’s Temptation (1834) written by an Anglican governess, Emily Bowes, later Emily Gosse. It shows how Bowes resists the customary interpretation of Genesis 22, characterizing Abraham as a fearful and indecisive old man, and Isaac as a bold warrior. It suggests, by a comparison of certain verbal and situational features, that Bowes used Théodore de Bèze’s play, Abraham sacrifiant (1550), as her model. It contends that since Bèze borrowed ideas and imagery from the Abraham story in the Mistère du Viel Testament ( c.1450), Bowes unwittingly imbibes and reproduces the medieval idiom in her poem. As a result, certain utterances and tropes appear in Bowes’ poem that recall the English mystery plays on the same theme. The article proposes a transmission of ideas and imagery across temporal, linguistic, cultural, and generic boundaries.
ЛОНГИТУДИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОНСТИТУЦИО-НАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПОЛОВОЗРАСТНОЙ ИЗМЕН-ЧИВОСТИ ОСНОВНЫХ СКЕЛЕТНЫХ РАЗМЕРОВ У ШКОЛЬНИКОВ МИНСКА В 1980-Е ГОДЫ
Authors: Саливон Инесса
Published: November 2022

The present study aims to identify the peculiarities of constitutional changes of some skeletal dimensions, which determine the shape and sex-linked traits of the body type of urban schoolchildren during puberty.The anthropometric data presented were collected by the author of the article during anthropometric measurement carried out annually in Minsk (between 1982 and 1991) mostly among the same schoolchildren, aged 7 to 17.The different body type (somatotypes) are determined and classified according to a scheme of somatotyping developed by Belarusian anthropologists (Salivon, Polina, 2003). The determination of somatotypes is based on the combined evaluation of five anthropometric indices, which describe the degree of skeleton massiveness and level of subcutaneous fat deposition in the body and the extremities. Two contrasting somatotype variants are distinguished – asthenized leptosomic and adipose hypersomic, as well as mezosomic and four intermediate types with varying degree of leptosomy or hypersomy. The comparative analysis of sex- and age-related variability in body length, chest circumference, shoulder breadth (bisacromial diameter) and maximum pelvic width (biacromial diameter) revealed the wave-like nature of body development process with alternating acceleration and deceleration of body dimensions growth. The constitutional peculiarities based on the development of bone formation are reflected in different time periods and rates of acceleration in annual indices increase. The growth process acceleration begins about one year earlier in hypersomic schoolchildren. On the contrary, it is delayed in leptosomic schoolchildren. Mezosomic children and adolescents have a more balanced body development with a reduced number of alternating minimum and maximum increases in the considered body dimensions.
ХРОНИКА. IX БУНАКОВСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ
Authors: Герасимова Маргарита , Лейбова Наталья , Харламова Наталья
Published: November 2022

The scientific conference «Evolutionary continuum of the genus Homo», dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the birth of Viktor Valerianovich Bunak (IX Bunak’s Readings), was held on October 18–20, 2021 in Moscow. The organizers were the Center for Physical Anthropology of the IEA RAS, the K.A. Timiryazev State Biological Museum and D.N. Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University. The article provides a brief overview of the conference. It is emphasized that V.V. Bunak creative thinking sets an extremely broad framework for discussing the problems of modern physical anthropology, and the topics of the reports during IX Bunak’s Readings demonstrated it.
The safety, efficacy, and functional outcomes on arthroscopic fixation of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture by a bio-absorbable anchor or traditional pull-out technique: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ren Xiangyu , Wang Jianing , Yang Shulong , Liu Zhe , Wang Tianda , Zhang Teng , Li Haoxin , Zhang Zhong
Published: November 2022

Background: The posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture (PCLAF) is a special type of PCL rupture, and arthroscopic fixation for PCLAF has been recommended currently. The bio-absorbable suture anchor is a novel internal fixation for PCLAF. This study aims to estimate and compare the safety, efficacy, and functional outcomes between the bio-absorbable anchor and the traditional suture pull-out technique for arthroscopic fixation of PCLAF.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. PCLAF patients were included from 1 January 2020, to 31 August 2021, in our department, and randomly divided into the absorbable anchor group and control group (pull-out suture fixation). Clinical assessments included: post drawer test, gravity test, anterior-posterior laxity (KT-2000), range of motion, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, total failure rate, and returning to sports rate. The minimum follow-up was 1 year (y).

Results: 31 patients had accomplished the 1 year follow-up (missing rate: 13.9%). We did not face any complications such as neurovascular injury, fever, infection, un-union, or re-rupture during the follow-up. CT scan showed that all of the patients in the two groups had a well bone union at 3 months in post-operation. At 1 year follow-up, the total failure rate of the bio-absorbable anchor group (1/17, p = 0.036) was lower than the control group (5/14), and the IKDC (86.24 ± 4.35, p = 0.008) and return to sports rate (11/17, p = 0.045) of the bio-absorbable anchor group were higher than that of the control group (81.43 ± 5.06) (4/14).

Conclusion: Both the bio-absorbable anchor and suture pull-out technique for arthroscopic fixation of PCLAF have acquired a well bone union and superior safety, but the bio-absorbable anchor group had better efficacy and functional outcomes than the traditional pull-out technique.
Somatic mosaicism in STAG2-associated cohesinopathies: Expansion of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Schmidt Julia , Dreha-Kulaczewski Steffi , Zafeiriou Maria-Patapia , Schreiber Marie-Kristin , Wilken Bernd , Funke Rudolf , Neuhofer Christiane M , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Biskup Saskia , Li Yun , Zimmermann Wolfram Hubertus , Kaulfuß Silke , Yigit Gökhan , Wollnik Bernd
Published: November 2022

STAG2 is a component of the large, evolutionarily highly conserved cohesin complex, which has been linked to various cellular processes like genome organization, DNA replication, gene expression, heterochromatin formation, sister chromatid cohesion, and DNA repair. A wide spectrum of germline variants in genes encoding subunits or regulators of the cohesin complex have previously been identified to cause distinct but phenotypically overlapping multisystem developmental disorders belonging to the group of cohesinopathies. Pathogenic variants in STAG2 have rarely been implicated in an X-linked cohesinopathy associated with undergrowth, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features. Here, we describe for the first time a mosaic STAG2 variant in an individual with developmental delay, microcephaly, and hemihypotrophy of the right side. We characterized the grade of mosaicism by deep sequencing analysis on DNA extracted from EDTA blood, urine and buccal swabs. Furthermore, we report an additional female with a novel de novo splice variant in STAG2. Interestingly, both individuals show supernumerary nipples, a feature that has not been reported associated to STAG2 before. Remarkably, additional analysis of STAG2 transcripts in both individuals showed only wildtype transcripts, even after blockage of nonsense-mediated decay using puromycin in blood lymphocytes. As the phenotype of STAG2-associated cohesinopathies is dominated by global developmental delay, severe microcephaly, and brain abnormalities, we investigated the expression of STAG2 and other related components of the cohesin complex during Bioengineered Neuronal Organoids (BENOs) generation by RNA sequencing. Interestingly, we observed a prominent expression of STAG2, especially between culture days 0 and 15, indicating an essential function of STAG2 in early brain development. In summary, we expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of STAG2-associated cohesinopathies and show that BENOs represent a promising model to gain further insights into the critical role of STAG2 in the complex process of nervous system development.
Carbon-based composites for rechargeable zinc-air batteries: A mini review
Authors: Liu Yuzhen , Lu Junjie , Xu Shaofeng , Zhang Wei , Gao De
Published: November 2022

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have gained a significant amount of attention as next-generation energy conversion and storage devices owing to their high energy density and environmental friendliness, as well as their safety and low cost. The performance of ZABs is dominated by oxygen electrocatalysis, which includes the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts that are both highly active and stable. Carbon-based materials are regarded as reliable candidates because of their superior electrical conductivity, low price, and high durability. In this Review, we briefly introduce the configuration of ZABs and the reaction mechanism of bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts. Then, the most recent developments in carbon-based bifunctional catalysts are summarized in terms of carbon-based metal composites, carbon-based metal oxide composites, and other carbon-based composites. In the final section, we go through the significant obstacles and potential future developments for carbon-based bifunctional oxygen catalysts for ZABs.
Esophageal cancer and bacterial part of gut microbiota – A multidisciplinary point of view
Authors: Muszyński Damian , Kudra Anna , Sobocki Bartosz Kamil , Folwarski Marcin , Vitale Ermanno , Filetti Veronica , Dudzic Wojciech , Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka Karolina , Połom Karol
Published: November 2022

There is an urgent need to search for new screening methods that allow early detection of esophageal cancer and thus achieve better clinical outcomes. Nowadays, it is known that the esophagus is not a sterile part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is colonized with various microorganisms therefore a “healthy” esophageal microbiome exists. The dysbiotic changes of esophageal microbiome can lead to the development of esophageal diseases including esophageal cancer. There is a strong consensus in the literature that the intestinal microbiome may be involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Recently, emphasis has also been placed on the relationship between the oral microbiome and the occurrence of esophageal cancer. According to recent studies, some of the bacteria present in the oral cavity, such as Tannerella forsythia, Streptococcus anginosus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum may contribute to the development of this cancer. Moreover, the oral microbiome of patients with esophageal cancer differs significantly from that of healthy individuals. This opens new insights into the search for a microbiome-associated marker for early identification of patients at high risk for developing this cancer.
Endothelial cell dysfunction: Implications for the pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease
Authors: Kavurma Mary M. , Bursill Christina , Stanley Christopher P. , Passam Freda , Cartland Siân P. , Patel Sanjay , Loa Jacky , Figtree Gemma A. , Golledge Jonathan , Aitken Sarah , Robinson David A.
Published: November 2022

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by occluded or narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. The treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, management of modifiable risk factors and vascular surgery. In this review we focus on how Endothelial Cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to PAD pathophysiology and describe the largely untapped potential of correcting endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, we describe current treatments and clinical trials which improve EC dysfunction and offer insights into where future research efforts could be made. Endothelial dysfunction could represent a target for PAD therapy.
Volatile trace metals deposited in ice as soluble volcanic aerosols during the 17.7.ka eruptions of Mt Takahe, West Antarctic Rift
Authors: Mason Emily , Edmonds Marie , McConnell Joseph R.
Published: November 2022

Volatile metals are emitted at significant rates as gases and particulates from volcanoes, although their speciation, bioreactivity and longevity during atmospheric transport are essentially unknown. Ice cores provide detailed yet largely unexplored long-term records of volcanogenic volatile metals in air and precipitation. Here we evaluate the source and speciation of volatile metals (cadmium, lead, bismuth, and thallium) in Antarctic ice cores from the massive, halogen-rich and sulfur-poor ∼17.7 ka eruptions of Mt. Takahe, West Antarctic Rift. We show that these volatile, chalcophile metals were transported to the ice core as soluble aerosol, derived from magma degassing, in contrast to lithophile elements in the ice core that were transported as silicate ash. We use correlation analysis and chemical speciation modelling of the chlorine-rich volcanic plume to show that the volcanic metals cadmium, lead and bismuth were likely transported as water-soluble chloride aerosols in the atmosphere before they were scavenged from the plume by ice, water or ash and deposited onto the ice within 400 km of the vent. Our findings show that as well as recording trace metals sourced from much more distal regions, ice cores from Antarctica also record clear signatures of regional continental volcanism in the form of chloride aerosol.
Effects of particle diameter and plate thickness on transpiration cooling for double-layer porous plates
Authors: Zhang Xiaokai , Yan Guanghan , Yu Xiao , Li Honglian , Zhang Yi , Song Yongchen
Published: November 2022

Transpiration cooling is a highly efficient active thermal protection technology, which has a great application prospect in the thermal protection of hypersonic vehicles. Nevertheless, the problem of large injection pressure caused by porous structure in transpiration cooling system has been ignored in previous studies. In this work, the transpiration cooling performance of double-layer sintered metal particle plates with different particle diameter combinations and plate thickness were simulated. The results showed that the cooling effectiveness of double-layer plates was improved when the particle diameter of the porous plate in direct contact with the main stream decreased. The inner plate particle diameter and plate thickness had little effect on cooling performance. By increasing inner plate particle diameter, the coolant injection pressure can be lowered by 41% while the structural thickness was maintained. Further reducing the thickness of the outer plate to 1/4 of the total thickness can reduce the injection pressure to 38% of the single plate, which provided an optimization direction for reducing engine power consumption caused by heat dissipation.
Off-shore and underwater sampling of aquatic environments with the aerial-aquatic drone MEDUSA
Authors: Farinha André Tristany , di Tria Julien , Reyes Marta , Rosas Constanca , Pang Oscar , Zufferey Raphael , Pomati Francesco , Kovac Mirko
Published: November 2022

Monitoring of aquatic habitats for water quality and biodiversity requires regular sampling, often in off-shore locations and underwater. Such sampling is commonly performed manually from research vessels, or if autonomous, is constrained to permanent installations. Consequentially, high frequency ecological monitoring, such as for harmful algal blooms, are limited to few sites and/or temporally infrequent. Here, we demonstrate the use of MEDUSA, an Unmanned Aerial-Aquatic Vehicle which is capable of performing underwater sampling and inspection at up to 10 m depth, and is composed of a multirotor platform, a tether management unit and a tethered micro Underwater Vehicle. The system is validated in the task of vertical profiling of Chlorophyll-a levels in freshwater systems by means of a custom solid sample filtering mechanism. This mechanism can collect up to two independent samples per mission by pumping water through a pair of glass-fibre GF/F filters. Chlorophyll levels measured from the solid deposits on the filters are consistent and on par with traditional sampling methods, highlighting the potential of using UAAVs to sample aquatic locations at high frequency and high spatial resolution.
Using illustrated system analysis for qualitative risk assessment of emptying of pit latrines
Authors: Tsai Jocelyn , Wilson Noel , de los Reyes Francis L.
Published: November 2022

Pit latrines as the primary means of sanitation for billions of people. Fecal sludge must be removed regularly when pit latrines fill up, and the workers who empty these latrines are essential service providers. Pit latrine emptying services and approaches are highly variable, ranging from highly trained teams using vacuum trucks with a suite of personal protective equipment to individuals with no protection using simple manual tools like buckets and shovels. While national governments and nonprofits endeavor to make pit latrine emptying safer, the people making day-to-day decisions such as local pit emptying associations, sanitation businesses, utilities, and local governments have limited resources to evaluate how different emptying practices vary in terms of risk. In this paper we describe the development of an open-source Illustrated System Analysis tool for the fecal sludge management community. This tool can be used in conjunction with a simple risk assessment matrix to help decision makers describe, compare, and prioritize risks for mitigation. We demonstrate this process by outlining how a pit emptying team can compare mechanical and manual emptying with respect to ingestion of fecal material and inhalation of fecal bioaerosols. Illustrated System Analysis can be a tool to analyze fecal sludge management systems, and the associated challenges and opportunities so that they could be understood and referenced by the wider public and used to spark innovation. We provide a library of graphics freely under creative commons.
Ecohydrological features and biodiversity status of estuaries in Bengal delta, Bangladesh: A comprehensive review
Authors: Rakib Md. Refat Jahan , Hossain Mohammad Belal , Islam Mohammad Shahanul , Hossain Iqbal , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Prabhakar
Published: November 2022

An estuary represents a transition point between freshwater and saltwater and has a complex but productive environment due to a strong interplay between geological, physical, chemical, and biological processes. In Bangladesh, the ecological factors and biodiversity of different estuaries have been investigated for the last 35 years. However, the data is widely scattered, not easily accessible, unpublished, and/or in the form of grey literature. In this study, an attempt has been made to aggregate information available on the geo-environmental and biodiversity status of estuaries for their sustainable management. The biological and environmental data of 21 estuaries along the Bangladesh coast were collected from previously published literature and analyzed. The analyses revealed that the estuarine environment of Bangladesh is very dynamic and diverse like other tropical estuaries. The physico-chemical and geological parameters in estuaries significantly varied due to monsoon patterns, nutrient influx, salinity intrusion, riverine discharge, siltation, and human interventions in estuaries. Among the key environmental variables, such as salinity (3.7–30 ppt), pH (7.04–8), dissolved oxygen (3.30–13.63 mg/L), and water temperature (21–30°C) varied. Over 830 faunal and floral species of 273 genera were recorded from the estuarine environment, including 208 fishes, 87 species of phytoplankton, and 67 species of zooplankton in this region. This study suggests the development of an appropriate policy to protect valuable, productive, and diverse ecosystems, especially for erosion control, pollution abatement, and habitat destruction, particularly in the mangrove forests and their associated habitats of Bangladesh.
Baobabs at the edge: 90-year dynamics of climate variability, growth, resilience, and evolutionary legacy effects
Authors: Mayne Diana H. , Karimi Nisa , Cruywagen Elsie M. , Cole Patrick , Goodall Victoria
Published: November 2022

Climate variability and resilience remain gaps in tree research, challenged by the interacting factors in climate change, long-term resilience and the influence of evolutionary legacy effects. In a multidisciplinary approach using 90-year (1930–2020) climate-growth data, we investigated the dynamics of climate variability on growth and resilience of the tropical African baobab (Adansonia digitata) at the range edge in climate-variable, southeast Africa. The main driver of climate variability, ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation), triggered 83% of droughts exacerbated by positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events. Growth over 90 years was positively correlated with maximum temperature and increased after the 1976–1977 Global Warming Shift. The influence of warming was compromised by climate variability and extreme events. Although growth is a measure of adaptive capacity, accelerated growth over the past 20 years contrasted with dehydration, canopy dieback and a novel Didymella pathogen. Resilience was contingent on high genetic diversity (polyploidy and heterozygosity) and Neotropical legacy effects of stem water storage and longevity trade-offs of low growth, recruitment and reproduction. The evolution of resprouting in disturbed, fire-prone ecosystems and bark regeneration increased recovery from disturbance. As resource opportunists, baobabs adopted a fast-slow survival strategy. Rainfall and warming enhanced growth while low and variable rainfall favoured a conservative, low growth-higher survival strategy. Low rainfall, climate extremes and topography increased mortality risk. Mortality was higher at lower elevations on site and regionally. Low growth may conserve the baobab in climate warming but the southern hemisphere tropics is one of two identified global hotspots with amplified hot years. The heightened disturbance predicted from increased climate variability, hot droughts and landfalling tropical cyclones magnifies mortality risk for “Africa’s favourite tree.”
Genetic profile in genes associated with muscle injuries and injury etiology in professional soccer players
Authors: Maestro Antonio , Del Coso Juan , Aguilar-Navarro Millán , Gutiérrez-Hellín Jorge , Morencos Esther , Revuelta Gonzalo , Ruiz Casares Eva , Perucho Teresa , Varillas-Delgado David
Published: November 2022

Many causes define injuries in professional soccer players. In recent years, the study of genetics in association with injuries has been of great interest. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between muscle injury-related genes, injury risk and injury etiology in professional soccer players. In a cross-sectional cohort study, one hundred and twenty-two male professional football players were recruited. AMPD1 (rs17602729), ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), CKM (rs8111989) and MLCK (rs2849757 and rs2700352) polymorphisms were genotyped by using Single Nucleotide Primer Extension (SNPE). The combined influence of the six polymorphisms studied was calculated using a total genotype score (TGS). A genotype score (GS) of 2 was assigned to the “protective” genotype for injuries, a GS of 1 was assigned to the heterozygous genotype while a GS of 0 was assigned to the “worst” genotype. Injury characteristics and etiology during the 2021/2022 season were classified following a Consensus Statement for injuries recording. The distribution of allelic frequencies in the AMPD1 and MLCK c.37885C>A polymorphisms were different between non-injured and injured soccer players (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). The mean total genotype score (TGS) in non-injured soccer players (57.18 ± 14.43 arbitrary units [a.u.]) was different from that of injured soccer players (51.71 ± 12.82 a.u., p = 0.034). There was a TGS cut-off point (45.83 a.u.) to discriminate non-injured from injured soccer players. Players with a TGS beyond this cut-off had an odds ratio of 1.91 (95%CI: 1.14–2.91; p = 0.022) to suffer an injury when compared with players with lower TGS. In conclusion, TGS analysis in muscle injury-related genes presented a relationship with professional soccer players at increased risk of injury. Future studies will help to develop this TGS as a potential tool to predict injury risk and perform prevention methodology in this cohort of football players.
Prognostic value of PNN in prostate cancer and its correlation with therapeutic significance
Authors: Wang Ruisong , Qin Ziyi , Luo Huiling , Pan Meisen , Liu Mingyao , Yang Pinhong , Shi Tieliu
Published: November 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy. New biomarkers are in demand to facilitate the management. The role of the pinin protein (encoded by PNN gene) in PCa has not been thoroughly explored yet. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-PCa) dataset validated with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and protein expression data retrieved from the Human Protein Atlas, the prognostic and diagnostic values of PNN were studied. Highly co-expressed genes with PNN (HCEG) were constructed for pathway enrichment analysis and drug prediction. A prognostic signature based on methylation status using HCEG was constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the TISIDB database were utilised to analyse the associations between PNN and tumour-infiltrating immune cells. The upregulated PNN expression in PCa at both transcription and protein levels suggests its potential as an independent prognostic factor of PCa. Analyses of the PNN’s co-expression network indicated that PNN plays a role in RNA splicing and spliceosomes. The prognostic methylation signature demonstrated good performance for progression-free survival. Finally, our results showed that the PNN gene was involved in splicing-related pathways in PCa and identified as a potential biomarker for PCa.
Histones and their chaperones: Adaptive remodelers of an ever-changing chromatinic landscape
Authors: Torres-Arciga Karla , Flores-León Manuel , Ruiz-Pérez Samuel , Trujillo-Pineda Magalli , González-Barrios Rodrigo , Herrera Luis A.
Published: November 2022

Chromatin maintenance and remodeling are processes that take place alongside DNA repair, replication, or transcription to ensure the survival and adaptability of a cell. The environment and the needs of the cell dictate how chromatin is remodeled; particularly where and which histones are deposited, thus changing the canonical histone array to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Chromatin is highly dynamic, and histone variants and their chaperones play a crucial role in maintaining the epigenetic regulation at different genomic regions. Despite the large number of histone variants reported to date, studies on their roles in physiological processes and pathologies are emerging but continue to be scarce. Here, we present recent advances in the research on histone variants and their chaperones, with a focus on their importance in molecular mechanisms such as replication, transcription, and DNA damage repair. Additionally, we discuss the emerging role they have in transposable element regulation, aging, and chromatin remodeling syndromes. Finally, we describe currently used methods and their limitations in the study of these proteins and highlight the importance of improving the experimental approaches to further understand this epigenetic machinery.
A comparative mRNA- and miRNA transcriptomics reveals novel molecular signatures associated with metastatic prostate cancers
Authors: Shinawi Thoraia , Nasser Khalidah Khalid , Moradi Fatima Amanullah , Mujalli Abdulrahman , Albaqami Walaa F. , Almukadi Haifa S. , Elango Ramu , Shaik Noor Ahmad , Banaganapalli Babajan
Published: November 2022

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is a fatally aggressive urogenital cancer killing millions of men, globally. Thus, this study aims to identify key miRNAs, target genes, and drug targets associated with prostate cancer metastasis.

Methods: The miRNA and mRNA expression datasets of 148 prostate tissue biopsies (39 tumours and 109 normal tissues), were analysed by differential gene expression analysis, protein interactome mapping, biological pathway analysis, miRNA-mRNA networking, drug target analysis, and survival curve analysis.

Results: The dysregulated expression of 53 miRNAs and their 250 target genes involved in Hedgehog, ErbB, and cAMP signalling pathways connected to cell growth, migration, and proliferation of prostate cancer cells was detected. The subsequent miRNA-mRNA network and expression status analysis have helped us in narrowing down their number to 3 hub miRNAs (hsa-miR-455-3p, hsa-miR-548c-3p, and hsa-miR-582-5p) and 9 hub genes (NFIB, DICER1, GSK3B, DCAF7, FGFR1OP, ABHD2, NACC2, NR3C1, and FGF2). Further investigations with different systems biology methods have prioritized NR3C1, ABHD2, and GSK3B as potential genes involved in prostate cancer metastasis owing to their high mutation load and expression status. Interestingly, down regulation of NR3C1 seems to improve the prostate cancer patient survival rate beyond 150 months. The NR3C1, ABHD2, and GSK3B genes are predicted to be targeted by hsa-miR-582-5p, besides some antibodies, PROTACs and inhibitory molecules.

Conclusion: This study identified key miRNAs (miR-548c-3p and miR-582-5p) and target genes (NR3C1, ABHD2, and GSK3B) as potential biomarkers for metastatic prostate cancers from large-scale gene expression data using systems biology approaches.
Estimation of anti-orthopoxvirus immunity in Moscow residents and potential risks of spreading Monkeypox virus
Authors: Gushchin Vladimir A. , Ogarkova Darya A. , Dolzhikova Inna V. , Zubkova Olga V. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Pochtovyi Andrei A. , Iliukhina Anna A. , Ozharovskaia Tatiana A. , Kuznetsova Nadezhda A. , Kustova Daria D. , Shelkov Artem Y. , Zrelkin Denis I. , Odintsova Alina S. , Grousova Daria M. , Kan Vladislav Y. , Davtyan Sona A. , Siniavin Andrei E. , Belyaeva Elizaveta D. , Botikov Andrei G. , Bessonova Arina A. , Vasilchenko Lyudmila A. , Vasina Daria V. , Kleymenov Denis A. , Slutskiy Egor A. , Tkachuk Artem P. , Burgasova Olga A. , Loginova Svetlana Y. , Rozhdestvensky Evgeny V. , Shcheblyakov Dmitry V. , Tsibin Alexander N. , Komarov Andrey G. , Zlobin Vladimir I. , Borisevich Sergei V. , Naroditsky Boris S. , Logunov Denis Y. , Gintsburg Alexander L.
Published: November 2022

WHO has declared the outbreak of monkeypox as a public health emergency of international concern. In less than three months, monkeypox was detected in more than 30 000 people and spread to more than 80 countries around the world. It is believed that the immunity formed to smallpox vaccine can protect from monkeypox infection with high efficiency. The widespread use of Vaccinia virus has not been carried out since the 1980s, which raises the question of the level of residual immunity among the population and the identification of groups requiring priority vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional serological study of remaining immunity among Moscow residents. To do this, a collection of blood serum samples of age group over 30 years old was formed, an in-house ELISA test system was developed, and a virus neutralization protocol was set up. Serum samples were examined for the presence of IgG antibodies against Vaccinia virus (n=2908), as well as for the ability to neutralize plaque formation with a Vaccinia virus MNIIVP-10 strain (n=299). The results indicate the presence of neutralizing antibody titer of 1/20 or more in 33.3 to 53.2% of people older than 45 years. Among people 30-45 years old who probably have not been vaccinated, the proportion with virus neutralizing antibodies ranged from 3.2 to 6.7%. Despite the higher level of antibodies in age group older than 66 years, the proportion of positive samples in this group was slightly lower than in people aged 46-65 years. The results indicate the priority of vaccination in groups younger than 45, and possibly older than 66 years to ensure the protection of the population in case of spread of monkeypox among Moscow residents. The herd immunity level needed to stop the circulation of the virus should be at least 50.25 – 65.28%.
Heterogeneity of neutrophils and inflammatory responses in patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls
Authors: Xu Jintao , He Bing , Carver Kyle , Vanheyningen Debora , Parkin Brian , Garmire Lana X. , Olszewski Michal A. , Deng Jane C.
Published: November 2022

Severe respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, have resulted in high mortality rates despite corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory therapies. Despite recognition of the pathogenic role of neutrophils, in-depth analyses of this cell population have been limited, due to technical challenges of working with neutrophils. We undertook an unbiased, detailed analysis of neutrophil responses in adult patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, to determine whether distinct neutrophil phenotypes could be identified during infections compared to the healthy state. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of peripheral blood neutrophils from hospitalized patients with mild or severe COVID-19 disease and healthy controls revealed distinct mature neutrophil subpopulations, with relative proportions linked to disease severity. Disruption of predicted cell-cell interactions, activated oxidative phosphorylation genes, and downregulated antiviral and host defense pathway genes were observed in neutrophils obtained during severe compared to mild infections. Our findings suggest that during severe infections, there is a loss of normal regulatory neutrophil phenotypes seen in healthy subjects, coupled with the dropout of appropriate cellular interactions. Given that neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes with highly pathogenic potential, current immunotherapies for severe infections may be optimized by determining whether they aid in restoring an appropriate balance of neutrophil subpopulations.