bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World Bank Influence on Policy Formation in Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Edwards D. Brent , Caravaca Alejandro , Rappeport Annie , Sperduti Vanessa R.
Published: September 2023

The World Bank has been called the most influential organization in education reform globally. Not only is it the single largest funder of education for international development, but it also produces knowledge, circulates discourse, and structures policymaking processes in ways that extend its influence far beyond its primary role as a bank. However, while much literature has been produced about the World Bank, the field of education lacks a systematic discussion of what has been reported about how the World Bank influences policy formation at the country level. Through the conduct of a theoretically informed systematic literature review of 70 publications, this article clarifies and provides examples for the numerous ways that the World Bank influences policy formation. In all, the article documents 11 pathways through which the World Bank influences policymaking. The article concludes by suggesting areas where research on the World Bank can be improved, namely, through more explicit attention to the theoretical and methodological approaches employed. The goal of this review is to encourage scholars to be more specific in their conceptualizations and discussions of World Bank influence, to go beyond general claims of policy imposition or agenda shaping.
القدرة اللاأكسجينية وعلاقتها بالقوة الانفجارية للرجلين ودقة مهارة الضرب الساحق لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة المتقدمين
Authors: حامد رفيق سيروان , لطيف حسين توانا
Published: September 2023

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على القدرة اللاهوائية قصيرة المدى والقوة الانفجارية ودقة مهارة الضرب الساحق لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة في نادي حلبجة الرياضي. والغرض من ذلك هو فهم العلاقة بين القدرة اللاهوائية والقوة الانفجارية ومهارة الضرب الساحق لدى عينة البحث. واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي الذي يتناسب مع طبيعة المشكلة. تكوّن مجتمع البحث من لاعبي الكرة الطائرة في نادي حلبجة بإجمالي 12 لاعباً. تكونت العينة من 8 لاعبين من المجتمع الأصلي، بينما تم استبعاد 2 لاعبين للتجربة الاستطلاعية، مما أدى إلى حجم عينة مكون من 6 لاعبين يمثلون 67% من المجتمع الأصلي. ومن أهم استنتاجات الدراسة وجود علاقة ارتباطية عالية بين اختبار القدرة اللاهوائية الوظيفية ومهارة الضرب الساحق في الكرة الطائرة. وهذا يعني أن تحسن الأجهزة التنفسية الوظيفية لدى اللاعب يؤثر إيجاباً على دقة أداء الضرب الساحق. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباط عالية بين القدرة اللاهوائية الوظيفية والقوة الانفجارية لعضلات الساق مما أدى إلى تطور مهارات الضرب الساحق لدى لاعبي الكرة الطائرة. ويوصي الباحثون بضرورة التركيز على أساليب التدريب لتنمية القدرات اللاهوائية الوظيفية، كونها ضرورية للاعبي الكرة الطائرة لتطوير السمات البدنية والمهارات اللازمة للعبة.
Nutritional status of children with heart disease at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Nguah Samuel Blay , Yakubu Cosmos , Owusu Sheila Agyeiwaa , Mahama Haruna , Abrafi Erica
Published: September 2023

Background Undernutrition is associated with forty-five percent of all deaths in children under-five years. Irrespective of the type of heart disease (HD), malnutrition remains a constant phenomenon in children with both congenital and acquired HD. To minimize the long-term effect of malnutrition in a cohort of patient who have very limited chance of surgical treatment even when indicated, their nutritional statuses must be assessed periodically, and rehabilitation instituted early. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of children attending the Pediatric Heart Disease clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana.

 MethodsA retrospective review of children up to fourteen years, enrolled into the Pediatric Heart Disease clinic with confirmed HD from November 2020 to June 2021 were systematically recruited. Their ages, weights, heights and mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) were measured by standardized methods to assess their nutritional status. Subsequently, their Weight-for-Height (WfH), Height-for-Age (HfA), Weight-for-Age (WfA), Body Mass Index-for-Age (BfA) and MUAC-for-Age (MfA) z-scores were determined based on the WHO Child Growth Standards (2006). Z-scores less than -2 standard deviations (SDs) or greater than +2SDs were considered abnormal. Data was collected and analyzed using Epidata and R statistical software respectively.

ResultsA hundred and sixty-seven patient were recruited with 86 (51.5%) being females. The median age was 56 months (Range: 1 to 172). The mean z-score for the WfH was -1.21 (95%CI: -1.48 to -0.94), HfA -1.18 (95%CI: -1.44 to -0.93), WfA -1.81 (95%CI: -2.06 to -1.56), BfA -1.41 (95%CI: -1.61 to -1.21) and MfA -1.66 (95%CI: -1.87 to -1.46). None of the patients had a z-score greater than +2SD for all anthropometric methods determined. The percentage of children with z-scores less than -2SD for WfH was 20.5% (95%CI: 12.0 to 31.6), HfA 21.3% (95%CI: 14.4 to 29.6), WfA 41.5% (95%CI: 33.1 to 50.3), BfA 31.1% (95%CI: 23.1 to 40.2) and MfA 36.0% (95%CI: 28.6 to 44.0).

ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of malnutrition, wasting and stunting among children attending the Pediatric Heart Disease clinic at KATH. Strategies should be put in place to improve their nutritional status, which in turn could improve surgical and long-term developmental outcome.
Spectrum of paediatric infectious diseases unit (PIDU) services at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
Authors: Enimil Anthony , Appiah Augustina , Osei Mensah Mavis , Nyarko Patience , Zuberu Adizatu , Bosomtwe Dennis , Martyn-Dickens Charles
Published: September 2023

BackgroundPaediatric infectious diseases encompass all aspects of infectious diseases and studies the pathogens, prevention, transmission, and therapy of many of diseases. We present the genesis, activities and limitations of paediatric infectious diseases, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH).

MethodsAll activities at the Paediatric Infectious diseases unit (PIDU) were assessed. Data collected included in-patients’ clinics (IPCs) and out-patients’ clinics (OPCs), patients’ volume in each clinic, and other related services.ResultsPIDU became fully operational in 2018 though services for HIV and TB started in early 2000.In-patient activities include weekly general ward rounds and daily review of referral cases from other units in the Directorate. There is an average of 5-7 intra-directorate consultations weekly. Antimicrobial stewardship is being piloted weekly at the neonatal and emergency units.’

Out-patient clinics includes exposed clinic (EC), HIV, TB, and Covid-19 clinics.  At the EC, babies born to HIV, Covid-19, Hepatitis B/C, and syphilis infected mothers are followed up at CR10 till declared infected or non-infected. The non-infected are discharged from clinic after counseling whiles infected are enrolled in appropriate follow up clinics.

Between January 2020 and August 2021, out of 594 children enrolled in HIV exposed clinic, 392 patients had early infant diagnosis results. Thirty-five (35) out of 392 (8.9%) were infected with HIV from mothers. Data was not available for the other exposed conditions

Data from HIV, TB, covid-19 OPCs were as of August 2021. Patients’ categories and numbers for HIV clinics are pediatrics :( 0-12 years) - 742; adolescents/young adults transitional: (13-24 years) - 432. Clinics are held on Mondays and Fridays. Tuberculosis clinic (19 cases) and covid-19 clinic (7 cases) are held on Tuesdays and Thursdays respectively. Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) are provided daily at the chest clinic.Clinical research have been ongoing since 2012 with many publications in peer-reviewed journals.PIDU supports peripheral/district pediatricians to manage cases to prevent transfers to already congested KATH. Poor data collection and inadequate diagnostic tests are major limitations.

ConclusionGradually, PIDU is establishing focused specialized infectious diseases care. The future of PIDU services is promising with appropriate logistical support.
Flow of Medication Supply and Funds to Examine Access to the Lebanese Healthcare System after the Collapse of the Subsidy System: A Macro to Micro Overview
Authors: Kakati Rasha , Azar Joseph , Mansour Mohamad , Kalousdian Anthony , Reda Mahasen , Zeitoun Ralph , Daou Daniel , Timonian Michael Anthony , Baydoun Hussein , Elias Charbel
Published: September 2023

Background: Lebanon has been experiencing an economic crisis throughout which the Lebanese government implemented a blanket subsidy system that reduced medication prices. Since lifting the subsidies, the impact on prices and availability of medications, especially in primary healthcare centers (PHCC), has been substantial. Objectives: We aim to determine the structure of the medication and fund supply to PHCC in Lebanon, and the impact of lifting the subsidies.Methods: We performed a literature review with expert opinions to determine the composition of the system and the impact of lifting the subsidies on these components. Results: We map the flow of finances and medications in the process of providing various medication types to PHCCs. Medication supply is mostly impacted by increased demands and the ability to rely on safety nets.Conclusion: Serious reform of the way medications are provided and accessed in the Lebanese market is needed to ensure continuous, affordable access.
GCCX : Korea Trip (Supplement III:29)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: September 2023

(Supp. to the hist. of comp. sci. and tech.)
The ACT-GRO Framework -an integrated conceptual and practical framework
Authors: Leigton Adam , Haim Dotan , Rolnik Arnon , Hirsch-Gornemann Miriam Isolde Ben
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a framework integrating three therapeutic modes, namely Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Outdoor Therapy and Group Therapy. We describe the ACT-GRO (ACT-Group Outdoor) Framework, its components, rationale behind the proposed Framework and explain how each component enhances the other and can be viewed as a system of systems-a term borrowed from engineering-requiring each system to be autonomous, connected, and diverse, with a common purpose and a commitment to a greater outcome. In the second part, we describe how the three therapeutic modes working in an integrative way meet Baldwin's criteria of a system of systems. Finally, we discuss challenges and call for directions for future research.
Developing a Narrative Communication Intervention in the Context of HPV Vaccination
Authors: Fleszar-Pavlovic Sara , Cameron Linda
Published: September 2023

Objective: We outline the development of a theoretically guided narrative intervention within the context of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination promotion, which serves as a framework for future health behavior change interventions tailored to diverse populations. Methods: We utilized an adapted Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model to guide the development, evaluation, and refinement of a narrative video. First, content experts developed a video script containing information on HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV-related cancers. The script and video contents were evaluated and refined, in succession, utilizing the think-aloud method, open-ended questions, and a brief survey during one-on-one interviews with university students. Results: Script and video content analyses led to significant revisions that enhanced quality, informativeness, and relevance to the participants. We highlight the critical issues that were revealed and revised in the iterative process. Conclusions: We successfully developed and refined a theoretically guided narrative video for diverse university students. This framework serves as a guide for developing health communication interventions for other populations and health behaviors. Innovation: This project is the first to utilize the ORBIT framework and describe a process to develop, evaluate, and refine comparable theoretically guided narrative interventions that are tailored to specific audiences.
Developing more useful equity measurements for flood-risk management
Authors: Pollack Adam , Helgeson Casey , Kousky Carolyn , Keller Klaus
Published: September 2023

Decision-makers increasingly invoke equity to motivate, design, implement, and evaluate strategies for managing flood risks. Unfortunately, there is little guidance on how analysts can develop measurements that support these tasks. Here, we analyze how equity can be defined and measured by surveying 167 peer-reviewed publications that explicitly state an interest in equity in the context of flood-risk management. Our main result is a taxonomy that systematizes how equity has been, and can be, defined and measured in flood-risk research. The taxonomy embodies how equity is a pluralistic and unavoidably ethical concept. Despite this, we find that most quantitative studies fail to motivate or defend critical value judgments on which their findings depend. We also find that studies often include only a single equity measurement. This practice can overlook important trade-offs between competing perspectives on equity. For example, the few studies that employ distinct principles show that conclusions about equity depend on which principle underlies a specific measurement and how that principle is operationalized. We draw on our analysis to suggest practices for developing more useful equity indicators and performing more comprehensive quantitative equity assessments in the broader context of environmental risks.
AKTUALISASI NILAI-NILAI DASAR PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL
Authors: afandi syed agung
Published: September 2023

Aktualisasi dilakukan agar Pegawai Negeri Sipil profesional sesuai dengan bidang tugasnya. Isu utama dalam kegiatan ini terkait dengan kualitas karya tulis ilmiah mahasiswa pada Fakultas Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, yakni penulisan sitasi dan referensi yang belum sesuai ketentuan. Pemecahan masalah ini dilakukan melalui pembuatan ebook panduan penggunaan Mendeley yang dipublikasikan melalui website fakultas, serta publikasi video tutorial penggunaan Mendeley pada channel youtube sehingga mudah diakses oleh mahasiswa. Dimilikinya panduan ini oleh fakultas akan mendorong mahasiswa untuk melakukan publikasi artikel ilmiah. Luaran aktualisasi ini juga selaras dengan rencana fakultas untuk penggunaan Mendeley bagi tugas akhir mahasiswa, termasuk juga rencana membuat Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) dengan kewajiban penggunaan Mendeley dan sebagai salah satu syarat kelulusan.
An Approach for Accelerating Portable Virus Detection in High Scale Computing
Authors: Carter Emily
Published: September 2023

An Approach for Accelerating Portable Virus Detection in High Scale Computing
Hành động cực đoan của các tổ chức hoạt động môi trường có thể gây phản tác dụng với nghị sự lớn của nhân loại
Authors: Phương L. V. , Hoàng Nguyễn Minh , Hoàng Vương Quân
Published: September 2023

Hoạt động môi trường đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc tăng cường nhận thức về biến đổi khí hậu và các vấn đề môi trường, đặc biệt là trong thời gian gần đây khi biến đổi khí hậu và khủng hoảng sinh thái ngày càng trở nên nghiêm trọng hơn. Sự đam mê và cam kết của các nhà hoạt động môi trường là rất đáng ghi nhận. Tuy nhiên, đôi khi trong một số trường hợp, sự nhiệt thành của họ có thể dẫn đến những hành động không chỉ làm giảm đi giá trị của mục tiêu lớn hơn, mà còn tạo cảm giác xa lánh đối với những người họ muốn thuyết phục. (Kinh tế và Dự báo; ngày 15/9/2023)
Irrelevant comparisons affect people's exploration strategies in different ways
Authors: Zhang Shuo , WU Haofei , Hu Keyu , Liu Quanying , Wu Haiyan
Published: September 2023

Social comparison widely exists, which involves individuals evaluating themselves in comparison to others. Although this process may provide useful information, there are instances where the comparison holds no relevance to one's outcome. The effect of those irrelevant social comparisons on decision-making under uncertainty is not well understood. The current study examined the effect of those irrelevant social comparisons on uncertainty exploration and the mechanisms behind it. Participants were recruited to engage in a two-player four-armed restless bandit task. The results revealed that presenting irrelevant outcomes of others affected participants' exploration behavior significantly, mainly reflected in directed exploration and perseveration. Social comparison can affect the confidence of the participants but not reward predictions. Additionally, irrelevant social comparisons do not affect exploration strategies by changing subjective expectations. Our work provides insights into modeling complex social interaction and extends valuable implications across social situations with the effect of social comparison on decisions.
The Efficacy of Attentional Bias Modification for Anxiety: A Registered Replication
Authors: Pond Nathan , Meeten Frances , Clarke Patrick , Notebaert Lies , Scott Ryan Bradley
Published: September 2023

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent condition that has been linked to the presence of certain cognitive biases, including attention bias. Attention bias is the tendency to attend preferentially to threat-related stimuli and has been consistently observed in high anxious samples. Naturally, interventions aiming to modify these biases have been developed with the hopes of alleviating anxiety symptoms. However, while initial studies were promising, over time the reported efficacy of these attention bias modification (ABM) procedures in alleviating symptoms has become mixed, with some studies reporting moderate to large effect sizes, and others reporting non-significant effects. Furthermore, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for demand effects to be underlying previous significant findings. Therefore, we revisit the efficacy of ABM as a method for alleviating both attention bias, and in turn anxiety symptomology. As our primary objective we seek to conduct a direct replication of one of the seminal studies showing successful alleviation of anxiety symptoms using multi-session ABM training (Hazen et al., 2009), while adopting a Bayesian approach to analyses. As a secondary goal, we aim to quantify the potential influence of demand effects in the paradigm.
Associative learning or Bayesian inference? Revisiting backwards blocking reasoning in adults
Authors: Benton Deon T.
Published: September 2023

Causal reasoning is a fundamental cognitive ability that enables humans to learn about the complex interactions in the world around them. However, the cognitive mechanisms that underpin causal reasoning are not well understood. For instance, there is debate over whether Bayesian inference or associative learning best captures causal reasoning in human adults. The two experiments and computational models reported here were designed to examine whether adults engage in one form of causal inference called backwards blocking reasoning, whether the presence of potential distractors affects performance, and how adults' ratings align with the predictions of different computational models. The results revealed that adults engaged in backwards blocking reasoning regardless of whether distractor objects are present and that their causal judgements supported the predictions of a Bayesian model but not the predictions of two different associative learning models. Implications of these results are discussed.
Articulatory taxonomy of mammalian buccolabial oral tracts: On sources of apparent vowel-like quality
Authors: Ekström Axel G.
Published: September 2023

Supralaryngeal vocal tracts of nonhuman mammals do not support production of the extent of human vowels, nor do nonhuman mammals apparently employ their tongues while vocalizing. Yet, vocalizations by nonhuman mammals nonetheless exhibit a range of vowel-like qualities, typically ranging from schwa (unstressed vowel) to apparently /u/-like formant dispersions. I suggest a rudimentary distinction, with three disparate and distinguishable modes of oral tract articulation. The long faces of canines, felines, baboons, and various other mammals, with labial commissures stretched around the skull offer the ability to effectively (a) shorten and/or “flare”, or (b) elongate and narrow the oral tract, with degrees of jaw height: (1) the Prognathic-Mandibular form, common to many mammalian species. Higher primates can apparently achieve (a) in similar ways to other mammals, and (b) through protrusion and rounding of the anteriormost section of the oral cavity, through control of flexible lips: (2) the Prognathic-Labial form, common to higher primates. Human articulation, finally, is characterized by intraoral execution of articulatory gestures employing the tongue, and downstream greater ease of coarticulation and ability to actively “underexploit” relevant parameters: (3) the Orthognathic-Lingual form. The phenomenon of non-human animals’ achieving vowel-like quality via non-lingual gestures is here termed quasi-phonemic coasting.
The Relationship Between Prescribed Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Force Production in Repeated Isometric Contractions
Authors: Weilharter Felix , Rewitz Katja , Halperin Israel , Wolff Wanja
Published: September 2023

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are frequently used to monitor and prescribe exercise intensity. However, studies examining the shape and robustness of how feelings of effort map onto objective outputs are limited and report inconsistent results. To address this, we investigated whether (1) producing isometric forces according to RPE levels reliably leads to differences in force output, (2) if feelings of effort map linearly or non-linearly onto force output, and (3) if this mapping is robust when visual feedback and social facilitation are present. In a counterbalanced repeated measures design, N = 26 participants performed isometric handgrip contractions prescribed by ten levels of the Borg CR-10 scale. They did so either with or without the availability of concurrent visual feedback regarding their force production, and in the presence or absence of another person performing the same task simultaneously. We found that subjects reliably produced different force outputs that corresponded to each RPE level. Furthermore, concurrent visual feedback led to a linearization of force output, while in the absence of feedback, the produced forces could also be described by quadratic and cubic functions. Exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that participants perceived moderate RPE levels to be more challenging to produce. By shedding light on the dynamic nature of the mapping between RPE and objective performance, our findings provide helpful insights regarding the utility of RPE scales.
Complex Dynamics: Investigation of Within and Between Person Relationships Between Achievement Emotions and Emotion Regulation During Exam Preparation Through Dynamic Network Modelling
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Nett Ulrike , Putwain David William
Published: September 2023

In achievement contexts like end-of-semester exam preparation, students experience a variety of positive and negative achievement emotions, and their regulation is crucial. Despite its rele-vance, the interplay between, and dynamics of, emotions and their regulation is still little under-stood, particularly as prior research primarily relied on between-person research. In the present study, we use a situated assessment approach and a novel statistical approach, dynamic net-work modelling, to simultaneously analyze between-person associations, contemporaneous within-person associations as well as temporal lagged within-person associations and stability of achievement emotions and emotion regulation strategies in multivariate models. We used a to-tal of 6,915 assessments of 201 German undergraduate students on six emotions (joy, pride, hope, satisfaction, anxiety, anger, and boredom) and eight emotion regulation strategies (activa-tion, social support, positive refocusing, rumination, reappraisal, suppression, expression, taking action) during exam preparation in two assessment waves (fives week prior, and one week prior to important exams). The results uncovered distinct communities of emotions and emotion reg-ulation strategies, wherein taking action and reappraisal held a particularly central position for explaining their linkages. We found evidence for effects from emotions on use of emotion regu-lation strategies, and vice-versa, and identified self-enforcing loops and carryover effects. We also observed differences in the stability of the assessed constructs over time, and between the week before the exam and five weeks before, that emphasize the consideration of not only per-son and situation-specific components, but also the respective
Interactions between working memory and attention depend on remembered feature dimension
Authors: Thayer Daniel , Sprague Thomas C
Published: September 2023

Prominent theories of visual search state that goal-relevant information is maintained in working memory (WM) to guide attention to relevant, searched-for items. Prioritization from WM is sufficiently strong to direct attention towards items that are irrelevant to current search goals. These ‘incidental capture’ results have typically been observed when remembering color or shape stimuli, but, in principle, should similarly occur using other strong guiding features such as motion. However, recent work suggests that neural representations of remembered motion directions are transformed into spatial coordinates. If so, then remembered stimuli which can easily be spatially recoded (e.g., remembered motion direction) should not interfere with visual search when feature-matching distractors are present any more than interference caused by a salient distractor that does not match the contents of WM. We replicated the traditional incidental capture finding for color: distractors matching the remembered color captured attention more than feature singletons. In contrast, when participants were required to remember a motion direction, capture was equal across distractor conditions: salient distractors captured attention, but no additional capture was observed when the remembered motion direction matched the distracting motion direction. Intriguingly, responses were faster when the search target was at a location that neural studies predict would be prioritized if remembered motion was spatially recoded. Our results indicate that some features in WM are more likely to impact attentional processing than others and that this difference in attentional capture between feature dimensions may emerge due to the ability to reformat memory representations.
On the prevalence of “food addiction” in persons with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Meule Adrian
Published: September 2023

A meta-analysis by Praxedes and colleagues (2022) published in this journal reports that the prevalence rate of “food addiction” as measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale is lower than 50% in persons with bulimia nervosa and higher in persons with binge eating disorder. However, closely examining the supplementary material of that article reveals that these numbers cannot possibly be correct. Instead, most studies indicate that the prevalence rate of “food addiction” is higher than 90% in persons with bulimia nervosa and, thus, higher than in in persons with other or no eating disorders.
Ausschluss nicht-pathologischer Fälle: angemessen oder fragwürdige Forschungspraxis?
Authors: Meule Adrian
Published: September 2023

Dies ist ein Kommentar zum Artikel von Geissner, E., & Schmitt, M. (2023). Fug und Unfug in der Auswertung von Psychotherapien. Verhaltenstherapie & psychosoziale Praxis, 55(1), 95–108.
Cultural Matching in Networks: A Combination of Machine Learning and Exponential Random Graph Models to Examine Homophily in Identity Performance
Authors: Hong Chen-Shuo
Published: September 2023

Social networks literature has studied homophily, the tendency to associate with similar others, as a key boundary-making process to explain segregated networks along the lines of identities. Yet, research generally conceptualizes identities as sociodemographic attributes and seldom considers the extent to which people use the performance of identities, or identification, to develop social relationships. Drawing on a formal analysis of culture, this study demonstrates the potential of combining machine learning and exponential random graph models (ERGMs) in capturing this cultural matching process through a case study of gender segregation in friendships. Using survey and sociocentric network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study outlines the workflow process of training and evaluating machine-learning-based performance of identities. Results show that the method effectively detects homophily in gendered performances. Important limitations and unique strengths of this computational approach are discussed.
Principles for the Development of a Professional Code of Ethics
Authors: Gillikin Jason E
Published: September 2023

This brief white paper outlines a framework for the development and evaluation of codes of ethics sponsored by professional associations. It was intended to provide a shared knowledge and vocabulary for the 2018 revision to the code of ethics and code of conduct for the National Association for Healthcare Quality, although this paper abstracts that knowledge to be useful to other practitioners in other disciplines or professional associations.
Amitié archivée : la documentation de l’intime comme stratégie de dernier recours dans la pratique biographique de France Théoret
Authors: Drapeau-Bisson Marie-Lise
Published: September 2023

(FR) Dans le travail de mémoire effectué pour son amie et collègue, Louky Bersianik, France Théoret se trouve dans une impasse archivistique qui fait écho à l’expérience des féministes lesbiennes et queers qui ne peuvent se fier à des stratégies d’archivage conventionnel et qui se tournent vers la documentation de l’intime pour la transmission de leur héritage. Dans le cas de Théoret, le recours à l’intime constitue plutôt une stratégie de dernier recours, qui pallie les absences résultant des structures hétéronormatives auxquelles elles se sont fiées – l’institution littéraire, la famille biologique et les pratiques archivistiques traditionnelles. L’autrice explore dans le présent article la manière dont les écueils de l’hétérosexualité et les privilèges qu’elle confère dans la construction d’un héritage féministe façonnent le legs de Bersianik.(Eng)In the memory work created for her friend and colleague, Louky Bersianik, France Théoret faces an archivistic impasse that echoes the experience of lesbian and Queer feminists who cannot rely on conventional archiving strategies and turn to documenting intimacy to ensure their legacy. In the case of Théoret, the documentation of intimacy is a last resort strategy that palliates the absences caused by heteronormative structures on which the two friends relied, namely the literary institution, the biological family and traditional archiving practices. The author explores in the article how the misfortunes of heterosexuality and the privileges it confers in the construction of a feminist heritage shapes Bersianik’s legacy.
2022 HES PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS AS ECONOMIC SELF-PORTRAITURE
Authors: Boumans Marcel
Published: September 2023

This article is the text I read out as my presidential address at the 49th annual meeting of the History of Economics Society, June 2022, in Minneapolis. Additional clarifying comments are displayed as footnotes.
Review of “Adam Smith Reconsidered: History, Liberty, and the Foundations of Modern Politics” by Paul Sagar
Authors: Mills Robin J W
Published: September 2023

Review of “Adam Smith Reconsidered: History, Liberty, and the Foundations of Modern Politics” by Paul Sagar.
Don't Budge! The Reputational Cost of Political Compromises
Authors: van der Velden Mariken Anna Catharina Geertruida , Meijers Maurits
Published: September 2023

How do citizens evaluate political parties’ willingness to compromise during coalition negotiations in representative democracies? While previous research has shown that citizens support the principle of political compromise, it remains unclear how parties’ compromise acceptance during coalition negotiations affects the voters’ trust. We argue that parties incur substantial reputational costs when they are willing to compromise during coalition negotiations. We use a pre-registered survey experiment in Germany fielded immediately after the 2021 parliamentary elections (\texttt{N=7,562}) to isolate the effect of parties’ decision to compromise or not from success or failure in the negotiations. Our findings reveal that voters place more trust in their parties when they remain steadfast during negotiations. Highly principled individuals and those with low social trust are particularly likely to reject compromising parties. Given the centrality of compromise in representative democracy, these findings suggest that political distrust may be a systemic component of representative democracy.
Leak Detection in Medium Density Polyethylene Pipeline using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Method
Authors: Priyandoko Gigih
Published: September 2023

A water resource is an important element in the contemporary society life. Â In global world water loss or water leaking can vary between 10% to 40% of total water volume produced. Â A traditional method such as visual inspection can be operates but that method required a long time. The objectives of the research to identify the occurrence of leaks and know its exact location in the pipeline by using specific method which are acoustic leak detection method and transient method. An EEMD method will be applied as the analysis method to collect and analyses the data. Based on the experimental results that the EEMD analysis predict satisfactorily the location in MDPE pipeline as it can detect and locate the leak up to error of 4.09% and 0.61%. The EEMD method had the best perform and already produce an acceptable result.
Recycling Oil Palm Industry Waste: Sustainable Solid Waste Treatment Utilizing Bioconversion Agent
Authors: Wicaksono Leo Hutri , Arrahim M G , Fadhillah A. R.
Published: September 2023

Oil palm is one of Indonesia's most important crops. Indonesia produces 47.180 million tonnes of CPO from an area of 14.858.300 hectares. When there are a lot of CPOs, it suggests there are a lot of wastes. EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch) is a significant biomass by-product of the oil palm industry. These cellulosic materials are relatively inexpensive feedstocks for ethanol synthesis and have no problem with the food supply because they are abundant and outside the human food chain. The principal by-product of the palm kernel oil extraction process is palm kernel meal (PKM). It's a high-fiber, medium-protein feed that's best suited for ruminant or rabbit consumption. EFB was once utilized as a fuel to generate steam at mills, whereas PKM was recycled into animal feed. Another option is to use bioconversion to control these wastes. The Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larval (BSFL) is a worldwide insect whose larvae are notable for their capacity to eat a variety of organic wastes. The BSFL were housed in a container and fed EFB and PKM. There were two different treatment options (3 replication per treatments). Each treatment contained 200 larvae and 400 grams of food. The research lasted 18 days. The larvae were collected on the 18th day, and container were measured. Treatment 1 (EFB) have average 9,46% waste consumption, and Treatment 2 (PKM) have 23,14% waste consumption on average.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Industrial Engineering Students' Learning Interest in the Online Lecture System
Authors: Sarbini Sarbini , Baidawi M.
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities, lecturers, and students to suddenly migrate from face-to-face learning to online learning. in early 2020 these three components must adapt to the situation, but after 2 semesters of adaptation had taken place, the factors that influenced students in attending online lectures are the factor of lecturers and studentsâ€™ adaptability to the software used, the factor of phone signal in the area where the students live, and the factor of limited funds for data. These factors will affect the studentsâ€™ comfort factor and shape their interest in the online learning system. This research used a sample of Industrial Engineering students to produce the factors that influence learning interest in the online system. From the descriptive data analysis, it reveals that students perceive lecturer adaptation to online learning as quite good, the quality of the network as tolerable, although there are areas where the internet signal is considered weak. The studentsâ€™ experience of online lectures is a little less satisfactory. The highest scores of students' expectations for future teaching system are: 48% for a 50% online and 50% offline system, 75% for a pure offline system, and 25.6% for a 25% online system. The relationship between students' perceptions of the adaptability of lecturers, internet quality and their experiences of online lectures affect the studentâ€™s comfort in online lectures in the form of a linear regression.
Computed Tomography Efficacy of CT in Detecting Abdominal Pathology
Authors: Ty James S.
Published: September 2023

With sixteen months of exposure to Computed Tomography (CT), we have gradually increased our knowledge in the subject, thus, adding merit to the diagnostic accuracy of any pathology. The knowledge of the anatomy of the abdomen plays a very important part in CT. Both are synergistic in attributing to expertise in this subspecialty.
The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Gallbladder, Liver and Pancreatic Disease
Authors: Zehr Ralph D.
Published: September 2023

During the past few years B-mode ultrasonography has gained widespread use in medical imaging. This has resulted largely from the advent of “Gray Scale” scanning which has greatly expanded the amount of information attainable by this modality. Even more recently real time scanning has been added which enables one to observe organs in motion. As a result of these recent technological advances, we are now able to study human anatomy based on its acoustical properties.
A Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease and a Diagnostic Approach to the Icteric Patient
Authors: Danzi J. Thomas
Published: September 2023

The approach to the patient suspected of having pancreatic disease, specifically a pancreatic neoplasm, and the clinical approach to the patient with undiagnosed icterus has changed with the recent radiologic and endoscopic instrumental advances. These newer diagnostic modalities have allowed the diagnosis of these clinical situations to be made more expeditiously and be diagnostically correct more often.
Improving the Thermal Efficiency of the Parabolic Trough Solar Collector: An Overview
Authors: YEŞİLDAL Faruk , ÖZAKIN Ahmet Numan , BAAMEL Safaa , ALAGELE Ahmad
Published: September 2023

This article examines various methods to enhance the thermal efficiency of parabolic trough solar collectors (PTCs), both theoretically and experimentally. These methods include increasing the surface area of the absorber tube to increase its ability to absorb solar energy, placing a tube inserts inside the tube to induce turbulence and hence improve heat transfer. Among other methods are also minimization of reflection by using selective coatings on the surface of the absorber tube. Additionally, increasing the thermal conductivity of the working fluid, or modifying or altering the shape of the absorber tube or the reflective surface have also been shown to have improved thermal performance by minimizing energy losses due to conduction, convection, and radiation. All these and similar approaches that address and improve system parameters lead to improved efficiency and thermal performance, but they also entail a pressure drop and increase the cost of the system. In this study, the techniques that are used to improve the thermal efficiency of PTCs are addressed and presented in detail along with the findings of previous studies.
Calculation of Optimum Transit Times with Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm
Authors: IŞIK Nimet
Published: September 2023

Electron energy analysers have been designed to analyse charged-particle beams at specific energies. The design is based on the principle that electrons with different energies arrive at the detector at different times. Since electrons with different energies follow different orbits within these analysers. In collision experiments, it is very important to determine the trajectories and transit times of the charged particles in the analyser. In this study, optimum solutions for transit times of charged particles were provided using a real-coded genetic algorithm. Hyper parameters and types of genetic algorithm were obtained using trial and error methods, in this study. The results of this study indicate that genetic algorithm gives time resolution values in a wide data set with high accuracy. The results show that genetic algorithms (GA) are a fascinating approach for solving search and optimization problems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(β-Propiolactone) b-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Tri-arm Block Copolymer Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: MEYVACI Ergül , ÇATIKER Efkan , ÖZTÜRK Temel
Published: September 2023

Terminally dibrominated poly(β-propiolactone) was prepared through sequentially ring-opening polymerization of β-propiolactone and dibromination of the former product. Synthesis of poly(β-propiolactone)-b poly(methyl methacrylate) tri-arm block copolymer was achieved by atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate onto the poly(β-propiolactone) with bromide end groups. The characterization of the polymers was carried out using 1H-NMR, DSC, TGA, and GPC. GPC analysis of the final product resulted in an unimodal curve corresponding to the weight average molecular weight of 9353 g.mol-1. TGA analysis of the tri-arm block copolymer exhibited a two-step decomposition curve corresponding to the β-propiolactone and the methyl methacrylate blocks at 212 oC and 411 oC, respectively. DSC analysis of poly(β-propiolactone)-b poly(methyl methacrylate) tri-arm block copolymer showed two glass temperatures corresponding to the β-propiolactone and the methyl methacrylate blocks at -22.02 oC and 86.55 oC, respectively. The spectroscopic and thermal analyses proved that the tri-arm block copolymer was successfully synthesized through ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, respectively.
Yüksek Sıcaklık Etkisindeki CFRP Donatıların Dayanım Kayıplarının Matematiksel Yöntemlerle Tespiti
Authors: ARSLAN Şeymanur , AYDIN Ferhat
Published: September 2023

Liflerle güçlendirilmiş polimer (FRP) donatılar günümüzde çelik donatıya alternatif olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak FRP donatılar yüksek sıcaklıklara karşı hassas bir malzemedir. Bu nedenle bu malzemelerin yüksek sıcaklıklardaki çekme dayanımındaki değişimiyle alakalı tahmin modellerinin oluşturulması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada literatürdeki CFRP donatıların yüksek sıcaklıklarda meydana gelen çekme dayanımındaki kayıpları araştırılmış ve literatürde üç araştırmacı tarafından sunulan matematiksel modellerle deneysel sonuçlar regresyon ve korelasyon analizleri yapılarak kıyaslanmıştır. Alternatif yeni bir model sunmak amacıyla literatürdeki CFRP (karbon fiber takviyeli polimer) donatıların yüksek sıcaklıklardaki çekme dayanımındaki değişimlerinin deneysel verileri incelenerek analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 60°C sıcaklık seviyesinin CFRP donatıların mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerinde zarar görmediği bu nedenle bu sıcaklık seviyesinin öncesinde dayanım kaybı olmadığı ve bu sıcaklık sonrasında parabolik bir değişiminin olduğu kabulü yapılarak alternatif matematiksel model oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak önerilen yeni modelin deneysel çalışmalarla uyumlu olduğu modelin yapısal uygulamalarda etkili bir tahmin aracı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
An Experimental Investigation into Roughness Transfer in Asymmetrical Rolling of Steel Strips
Authors: ÇOLAK Bilal , AHMED Zahoor , ÖZAKIN Batuhan , KURGAN Naci
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the effect of rolling parameters such as speed, thickness reduction, roll surface roughness, material thickness, surface condition (dry or lubricated), and rolling force on the roughening characterization in asymmetrical rolling. The surface roughness of the samples subjected to rolling tests was measured. The roughness values' average and standard deviation were found, and 3-D scanning images were acquired. Lubricated texturing experiments revealed that lubrication reduced roughness transfer. It was found that the introduction of roughness on the material surface decreased as the rolling speed increased. On the other hand, a higher speed increases the rolling force, which increases the surface roughness. The effect of speed on the standard deviation varies in direct proportion. Furthermore, lubricated rolling produced a more homogenous roughness distribution at higher speeds, while dry rolling produced homogeneous roughness at lower speeds. It was revealed that the rolling force is higher with thicker materials. While the roll roughness did not affect the rolling force using thicker material much, this effect was more pronounced in the very rough roll using thinner material. The standard deviation was lower in smaller reduction ratios using rough and very rough rolls. According to the results, although asymmetrical rolling has some advantages compared to conventional rolling, it was concluded that it is not a suitable method for roughening steel strips.
Farklı Oluk/Kutup Oranlarına Sahip Sıralı Kutuplu Fırçasız Doğru Akım Motorlarının Analizi
Authors: AYDIN İbrahim , MENGİ Onur Özdal , ARSLAN Serdal
Published: September 2023

Küçük veya büyük güçlü elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan kalıcı mıknatıslı fırçasız doğru akım motorlarında, en büyük maliyet kalemlerinden biri kullanılan kalıcı mıknatıslardır. Rotor yapısındaki kutuplarda kalıcı mıknatısların ve çelik malzemenin bir arada kullanıldığı sıralı kutuplu rotor yapısı incelenmiştir. Öncelikli olarak, elektrikli bisiklet için önceden tasarımı yapılan 250W giriş gücüne, 200 rpm anma hızına sahip Kalıcı Mıknatıslı Fırçasız Doğru Akım Motoru (KMFDAM)’nun bazı parametreleri temel alınarak ANSYS RMxprt programında tasarım oluşturulmuştur. Tasarımda sargı tipi olarak, bakır kayıplarının az olduğu, verimin yüksek ve motor imalatının kolay olduğu konsantrik (kesirli) çift kat sargılı yapı kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı oluk/kutup sayılarında motor performans verileri ve vuruntu momentleri incelenmiştir. Oluşturulan bu modeller, Rmxprt ve Maxwell 2D programı yardımıyla analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu motorların, farklı sarım sayıları ve farklı kutup yayı oranlarında 4 farklı oluk/kutup modelinin geleneksel ve sıralı kutup yapıları için dikkate alınmıştır. Ayrıca vuruntu momenti analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu analizler sonucunda geleneksel ve sıralı kutup yapılarında vuruntu momenti en küçük olduğu modeller tespit edilmiştir.
Bir Kalina Çevriminin Termodinamik ve Ekonomik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARA Osman , KAŞKA Önder
Published: September 2023

Günümüzde, ülkelerin en önemli dikkat ettiği konulardan bir tanesi enerjidir ve sürekli gelişen teknolojilerle enerji tüketimi de hızla artış göstermektedir. Bu taleplerin karşılanması için fosil kaynak esaslı farklı güç teknolojilerinin kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Fosil kaynakların, tükenecek olması, çevreye zarar vermesi gibi farklı problemler, bu tür teknolojilerin daha verimli çalıştırılmasına yönelik araştırmaların artmasına neden olmuştur. Orta ve düşük sıcaklıklı ısı kaynaklarında Kalina çevrimiyle (KC) elektrik üretimi önemli teknolojilerdendir. Kalina çevrimini oluşturan ekipmanlar, türbin, seperatör, pompa, buharlaştırıcı, kondenser, karışım odası, kısma valfi ve ısı değiştiricileridir. Bu çalışmada, ele alınan çevrimin detaylı termodinamik analizlerini yapabilmek için bir model oluşturulmuş ve Mühendislik Denklem Çözücüsü (EES) programı kullanılarak sistemde bulunan tüm noktaların özellikleri analitik olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sistemin türbin giriş basıncı, kondenser çıkış sıcaklığı, pompa ve türbinin izentropik verimlerine bağlı olarak sistem performansı enerji ve ekonomik açıdan analiz edilmiştir.