bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of manual aspiration thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke refractory to stent-based thrombectomy
Authors: Kim Seul Kee , Yoon Woong , Moon Sung Min , Park Man Seok , Jeong Gwang Woo , Kang Heoung Keun
Published: May 2014

Background and purpose

The optimal treatment for patients with acute stroke refractory to stent-based thrombectomy (SBT) is unclear. This study aimed to report clinical outcomes of manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke refractory to SBT.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and angiographic data of 30 patients who underwent MAT with a Penumbra reperfusion catheter because of refractory occlusion after SBT with a Solitaire stent as first-line endovascular therapy. Refractory occlusion was defined by a lack of successful revascularization (defined as Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction ≥2b) after five retrieval attempts. A good outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of ≤2 at 3 months.

Results

Successful revascularization was achieved in 83.3% (25/30) of the patients who underwent MAT after failed SBT. There was no arterial rupture or dissection or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Two embolic occlusions in a new arterial territory and five subarachnoid hemorrhages occurred, neither of which caused neurological worsening. At the 3-month follow-up, 36.7% (11/30) of patients exhibited a good outcome. The mortality rate was 6.7% (2/30) at 3 months.

Conclusions

This study suggests that MAT with the Penumbra reperfusion catheter can further increase the revascularization rate without serious complications in patients with acute stroke with refractory occlusions after SBT with a Solitaire stent.
Dysregulation of Mfn2 and Drp-1 proteins in heart failure
Authors: Givvimani Srikanth , Pushpakumar Sathnur , Veeranki Sudhakar , Tyagi Suresh C.
Published: May 2014

Therapeutic approaches for cardiac regenerative mechanisms have been explored over the past decade to target various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Structural and functional aberrations of mitochondria have been observed in CVD. The significance of mitochondrial maturation and function in cardiomyocytes is distinguished by their attribution to embryonic stem cell differentiation into adult cardiomyocytes. An abnormal fission process has been implicated in heart failure, and treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), a specific inhibitor of dynamin related protein-1 (Drp-1), has been shown to improve cardiac function. We recently observed that the ratio of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2; a fusion protein) and Drp-1 (a fission protein) was decreased during heart failure, suggesting increased mitophagy. Treatment with Mdivi-1 improved cardiac function by normalizing this ratio. Aberrant mitophagy and enhanced oxidative stress in the mitochondria contribute to abnormal activation of MMP-9, leading to degradation of the important gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx-43) in the ventricular myocardium. Reduced Cx-43 levels were associated with increased fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction in heart failure. Treatment with Mdivi-1 restored MMP-9 and Cx-43 expression towards normal. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial dynamics, its relation to MMP-9 and Cx-43, and the therapeutic role of fission inhibition in heart failure.
A NOTE ON INFINITE-SERVER MARKOV MODULATED AND SINGLE-SERVER RETRIAL QUEUES
Authors: DUAN ZHE , BAYKAL-GÜRSOY MELIKE
Published: May 2014

We reconsider the M/M/∞ queue with two-state Markov modulated arrival and service processes and the single-server retrial queue analyzed in Keilson and Servi [Keilson, J and L Servi (1993). The matrix M/M/∞ system: Retrial models and Markov modulated sources. Advances in Applied Probability, 25, 453–471]. Fuhrmann and Cooper type stochastic decomposition holds for the stationary occupancy distributions in both queues [Keilson, J and L Servi (1993). The matrix M/M/∞ system: Retrial models and Markov modulated sources. Advances in Applied Probability, 25, 453–471; Baykal-Gürsoy, M and W Xiao (2004). Stochastic decomposition in M/M/∞ queues with Markov-modulated service rates. Queueing Systems, 48, 75–88]. The main contribution of the present paper is the derivation of the explicit form of the stationary system size distributions. Numerical examples are presented visually exhibiting the effect of various parameters on the stationary distributions.
A NEW FINITE-SOURCE QUEUEING MODEL FOR MOBILE CELLULAR NETWORKS APPLYING SPECTRUM RENTING
Authors: DO TIEN V. , WÜCHNER PATRICK , BÉRCZES TAMÁS , SZTRIK JÁNOS , DE MEER HERMANN
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes a retrial queueing model with the finite number of sources to evaluate the performance of spectrum renting in mobile cellular networks. The model incorporates necessary ingredients such as the finite number of subscribers, their impatience and a queue for the outbound service. To consider the specific feature of spectrum renting and the current mobile cellular technology, a variable number of servers that are switched on and off in groups is introduced. We present a novel way to take into account the renting fee, which can be used to fine-tune the operation of the spectrum renting procedure. Numerical results show that it is still profitable to initiate a spectrum renting request at high loads, even if no discount is offered by the frequency bands' owners.
NUMBER OF RETRIALS IN A FINITE SOURCE RETRIAL QUEUE WITH UNRELIABLE SERVER
Authors: DRAGIEVA VELIKA I.
Published: May 2014

The object of this paper is to continue investigation of a single server retrial queue with finite number of sources in which the server is subjected to breakdowns and repairs. The server life time as well as the intervals between repetitions are exponentially distributed, while the repair and the service times are generally distributed. Using the formulas for the stationary system state distributions, obtained by Wang et al. [in Wang, J, L Zhao and F Zhang (2011). Analysis of the finite source retrial queues with server breakdowns and repairs. Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 7, 655–676.] we investigate the distribution of the number of retrials, made by a customer before he reaches the server free. Recurrent schemes for computing this distribution in steady state as well as any arbitrary of its moments are established. Numerical results for five different distributions of the service and repair times are also presented.
AN M/G/1 RETRIAL QUEUE WITH GENERAL RETRIAL TIMES, WORKING VACATIONS AND VACATION INTERRUPTION
Authors: GAO SHAN , WANG JINTING , LI WEI WAYNE
Published: May 2014

We consider an M/G/1 retrial queue with general retrial times, and introduce working vacations and vacation interruption policy into the retrial queue. During the working vacation period, customers can be served at a lower rate. If there are customers in the system at a service completion instant, the vacation will be interrupted and the server will come back to the normal working level. Using supplementary variable method, we obtain the stationary probability distribution and some performance measures. Furthermore, we carry out the waiting time distribution and prove the conditional stochastic decomposition for the queue length in orbit. Finally, some numerical examples are presented.
A Kaluza–Klein subtractor
Authors: Jana Sanjib , Krishnan Chethan
Published: May 2014

We generalize the results of arXiv:1212.1875 and arXiv:1212.6919 on attraction basins and their boundaries to the case of a specific class of rotating black holes, namely the ergo-free branch of extremal black holes in Kaluza–Klein theory. We find that exact solutions that span the attraction basin can be found even in the rotating case by appealing to certain symmetries of the equations of motion. They are characterized by two asymptotic parameters that generalize those of the non-rotating case, and the boundaries of the basin are spinning versions of the (generalized) subtractor geometry. We also give examples to illustrate that the shape of the attraction basin can drastically change depending on the theory.
Enzyme entrapment in polyaniline films observed via fluorescence anisotropy and antiquenching
Authors: Nemzer Louis R. , McCaffrey Marisa , Epstein Arthur J.
Published: May 2014

The facile entrapment of oxidoreductase enzymes within polyaniline polymer films by inducing hydrophobic collapse using phosphate buffered saline (PBS) has been shown to be a cost-effective method for fabricating organic biosensors. Here, we use fluorescence anisotropy measurements to verify enzyme immobilization and subsequent electron donation to the polymer matrix, both prerequisites for an effective biosensor. Specifically, we measure a three order of magnitude decrease in the ratio of the fluorescence to rotational lifetimes. In addition, the observed fluorescence antiquenching supports the previously proposed model that the polymer chain assumes a severely coiled conformation when exposed to PBS. These results help to empirically reinforce the theoretical basis previously laid out for this biosensing platform.
Decoherence of Kondo singlet caused by phase-sensitive detection of Aharonov–Bohm interferometer
Authors: Chen Ming-Lun , Wang Shun-Jin
Published: May 2014

To investigate the decoherence of Kondo singlet, we once again check a model, an Aharonov–Bohm interferometer with a quantum dot coupling to left–right electrodes, which is designed by Yacoby to measure phase-sensitive of a quantum dot. By employing the cluster expansion, the equations of motion of Green's functions are transformed into the corresponding equations of connected Green's functions, which contain the correlation of two conducting electrons. With the method, we show that the Kondo singlet is suppressed by phase-sensitive detection of Aharonov–Bohm interferometer. Our numerical results have provided a qualitative explanation with the anomalous features observed in an experiment by Avinun-Kalish et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.92 (2004) 156801].
FAST ALGORITHMS FOR THERMAL-AWARE FLOORPLANNING
Authors: WANG LIN
Published: May 2014

Thermal-aware floorplanning is an effective way to solve the thermal problem in modern integrated circuit (IC) designs. Existing thermal-aware floorplanning methods are all based on simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GAs) or linear programming (LP), which are quite time-consuming. In this paper, we propose two fast algorithms for thermal-aware floorplanning, a greedy algorithm based on the less-flexibility-first (LFF) principle and a hybrid algorithm combining the greedy algorithm and an SA-based refinement. The greedy algorithm can fast obtain a locally optimized floorplan with reduced area and temperature. The hybrid method can get similar results compared with pure SA-based approaches but it is still much faster.
GAME: GRB and All-sky Monitor Experiment
Authors: Amati Lorenzo , Campana Riccardo , Evangelista Yuri , Feroci Marco , Fuschino Fabio , Labanti Claudio , Salvaterra Ruben , Stratta Giulia , Tagliaferri Gianpiero , Frontera Filippo , Guidorzi Cristiano , Rosati Piero , Titarchuk Lev , Braga João , Penacchioni Ana , Ruffini Remo , Izzo Luca , Zampa Nicola , Vacchi Andrea , Santangelo Andrea , Hudec Rene , Gomboc Andreja , Rodic Tomaz ,   on behalf of the GAME collaboration
Published: May 2014

We describe the GRB and all-sky monitor experiment (GAME) mission submitted by a large international collaboration (Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Brazil) in response to the 2012 ESA call for a small mission opportunity for a launch in 2017 and presently under further investigation for subsequent opportunities. The general scientific objective is to perform measurements of key importance for GRB science and to provide the wide astrophysical community of an advanced X-ray all-sky monitoring system. The proposed payload was based on silicon drift detectors (~1–50 keV), CdZnTe (CZT) detectors (~15–200 keV) and crystal scintillators in phoswich (NaI/CsI) configuration (~20 keV–20 MeV), three well established technologies, for a total weight of ~250 kg and a required power of ~240 W. Such instrumentation allows a unique, unprecedented and very powerful combination of large field of view (3–4 sr), a broad energy band extending from ~1 keV up to ~20 MeV, an energy resolution as good as ~250 eV in the 1–30 keV energy range, a source location accuracy of ~1 arcmin. The mission profile included a launch (e.g. by Vega) into a low Earth orbit, a baseline sky scanning mode plus pointed observations of regions of particular interest, data transmission to ground via X-band (4.8 Gb/orbit, Alcantara and Malindi ground stations), and prompt transmission of GRB/transient triggers.
DIRECTIONAL BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PORCINE SKIN TISSUE
Authors: HUANG HSIAO-YING SHADOW , HUANG SIYAO , FRAZIER COLIN P. , PRIM PETER M. , HARRYSSON OLA
Published: May 2014

Skin is a multilayered composite material and composed principally of the proteins collagen, elastic fibers and fibroblasts. The direction-dependent material properties of skin tissue is important for physiological functions like skin expansion. The current study has developed methods to characterize the directional biomechanical properties of porcine skin tissues as studies have shown that pigs represent a useful animal model due to similarities between porcine and human skin. It is observed that skin tissue has a nonlinear anisotropy biomechanical behavior, where the parameters of material modulus is 378 ± 160 kPa in the preferred-fiber direction and 65.96 ± 40.49 kPa in the cross-fiber direction when stretching above 30% strain equibiaxially. The result from the study provides methods of characterizing biaxial mechanical properties of skin tissue, as the collagen fiber direction appears to be one of the primary determinants of tissue anisotropy.
Measuring $\bar{g}$ with ${\rm AE\bar{g}IS}$, progress and perspectives
Authors: Krasnický D. , Aghion S. , Ahlén O. , Amsler C. , Ariga A. , Ariga T. , Belov A. S. , Berggren K. , Bonomi G. , Bräunig P. , Bremer J. , Brusa R. S. , Cabaret L. , Canali C. , Caravita R. , Castelli F. , Cerchiari G. , Cialdi S. , Comparat D. , Consolati G. , Derking H. , Di Domizio S. , Di Noto L. , Doser M. , Dudarev A. , Ereditato A. , Ferragut R. , Fontana A. , Genova P. , Giammarchi M. , Gligorova A. , Gninenko S. N. , Haider S. , Huse T. , Jordan E. , Jørgensen L. V. , Kaltenbacher T. , Kawada J. , Kellerbauer A. , Kimura M. , Knecht A. , Lagomarsino V. , Lehner S. , Magnani A. , Malbrunot C. , Mariazzi S. , Matveev V. A. , Nebbia G. , Nédélec P. , Oberthaler M. K. , Pacifico N. , Petráček V. , Pistillo C. , Prelz F. , Prevedelli M. , Regenfus C. , Riccardi C. , Røhne O. , Rotondi A. , Sandaker H. , Scampoli P. , Storey J. , Subieta Vasquez M. A. , Špaček M. , Testera G. , Widmann E. , Yzombard P. , Zavatarelli S. , Zmeskal J.
Published: May 2014

[Formula: see text] experiment's main goal is to measure the local gravitational acceleration of antihydrogen [Formula: see text] and thus perform a direct test of the weak equivalence principle with antimatter. In the first phase of the experiment the aim is to measure [Formula: see text] with 1% relative precision. This paper presents the antihydrogen production method and a description of some components of the experiment, which are necessary for the gravity measurement. Current status of the [Formula: see text] experimental apparatus is presented and recent commissioning results with antiprotons are outlined. In conclusion we discuss the short-term goals of the [Formula: see text] collaboration that will pave the way for the first gravity measurement in the near future.
True dynamical tests of the weak equivalence principle for matter and anti-matter
Authors: Unnikrishnan C. S.
Published: May 2014

After a brief review of the evidence for the validity of the Weak Equivalence principle for anti-matter, I show that, contrary to general belief, the near equality of the Shapiro delay for photons, neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the galactic gravitational potential is not a true test of the WEP for their intrinsic properties and quantum numbers due to the overwhelming contribution to the gravitational mass from the relativistic kinetic energy. Then I prove the remarkable result that particles that obey the Newtonian law of dynamics automatically respect the WEP due to the firm equivalence between the law of motion and the WEP in any relativistic scenario, through gravity of all the matter in the Universe. Thus a test of the validity of Newtons's law in any force field is a true test of the WEP and provides strong direct tests of WEP for anti-particles. This result opens up an entire new insight of conceptual and practical importance for the tests of WEP.
Phenomenology of MOND and gravitational polarization
Authors: Blanchet Luc , Bernard Laura
Published: May 2014

The phenomenology of MOND (flat rotation curves of galaxies, baryonic Tully-Fisher relation, etc.) is a basic set of phenomena relevant to galaxy dynamics and dark matter distribution at galaxy scales. Still unexplained today, it enjoys a remarkable property, known as the dielectric analogy, which could have far-reaching implications. In the present paper we discuss this analogy in the framework of simple non-relativistic models. We show how a specific form of dark matter, made of two different species of particles coupled to different Newtonian gravitational potentials, could permit to interpret in the most natural way the dielectric analogy of MOND by a mechanism of gravitational polarization.
Gravity effects on antimatter in the standard-model extension
Authors: Tasson Jay D.
Published: May 2014

The gravitational Standard-Model Extension (SME) is the general field-theory based framework for the analysis of CPT and Lorentz violation. In this work we summarize the implications of Lorentz and CPT violation for antimatter gravity in the context of the SME. Implications of various attempts to place indirect limits on anomalous antimatter gravity are considered in the context of SME-based models.
Low pH enhances connexin32 degradation in the pancreatic acinar cell
Authors: Reed Anamika M. , Kolodecik Thomas , Husain Sohail Z. , Gorelick Fred S.
Published: May 2014

Decreased extracellular pH is observed in a number of clinical conditions and can sensitize to the development and worsen the severity of acute pancreatitis. Because intercellular communication through gap junctions is pH-sensitive and modulates pancreatitis responses, we evaluated the effects of low pH on gap junctions in the rat pancreatic acinar cell. Decreasing extracellular pH from 7.4 to 7.0 significantly inhibited gap junctional intracellular communication. Acidic pH also significantly reduced levels of connexin32, the predominant gap junction protein in acinar cells, and altered its localization. Increased degradation through the proteasomal, lysosomal, and autophagic pathways mediated the decrease in connexin32 under low-pH conditions. These findings provide the first evidence that low extracellular pH can regulate gap junctional intercellular communication by enhancing connexin degradation.
Preclinical Evidence That PD1 Blockade Cooperates with Cancer Vaccine TEGVAX to Elicit Regression of Established Tumors
Authors: Fu Juan , Malm Ian-James , Kadayakkara Deepak K. , Levitsky Hy , Pardoll Drew , Kim Young J.
Published: May 2014

Biomarker studies have shown that expression of the T-cell coregulatory ligand PDL1 on tumor cells correlates with clinical responsiveness to the PD1 antibody nivolumab. Here, we report the findings of a preclinical cancer vaccine study demonstrating vaccine-dependent PDL1 upregulation in the tumor microenvironment. We formulated an IFNγ-inducing cancer vaccine called TEGVAX that combined GM-CSF and multiple Toll-like receptor agonists to increase the number of activated dendritic cells. Treatment of established tumors with TEGVAX retarded tumor growth in a manner associated with enhanced systemic antitumor immunity. Unexpectedly, TEGVAX also upregulated PDL1 expression in the tumor microenvironment, possibly explaining why tumors were not eliminated completely. In support of this likelihood, PDL1 upregulation in this setting relied upon IFNγ-expressing tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and administration of a PD1-blocking antibody with TEGVAX elicited complete regression of established tumors. Taken together, our findings provide a mechanistic rationale to combine IFNγ-inducing cancer vaccines with immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Res; 74(15); 4042–52. ©2014 AACR.
Netrin-1 Promotes Medulloblastoma Cell Invasiveness and Angiogenesis, and Demonstrates Elevated Expression in Tumor Tissue and Urine of Patients with Pediatric Medulloblastoma
Authors: Akino Tomoshige , Han Xuezhe , Nakayama Hironao , McNeish Brendan , Zurakowski David , Mammoto Akiko , Klagsbrun Michael , Smith Edward
Published: May 2014

Invasion and dissemination of medulloblastoma within the central nervous system is the principal factor predicting medulloblastoma treatment failure and death. Netrin-1 is an axon guidance factor implicated in tumor and vascular biology, including in invasive behaviors. We found that exogenous netrin-1 stimulated invasion of human medulloblastoma cells and endothelial cells in contrast to VEGF-A, which promoted invasion of endothelial cells but not medulloblastoma cells. Furthermore, medulloblastoma cells expressed endogenous netrin-1 along with its receptors, neogenin and UNC5B. Blockades in endogenous netrin-1, neogenin, or UNC5B reduced medulloblastoma invasiveness. Neogenin blockade inhibited netrin-1–induced endothelial cells tube formation and recruitment of endothelial cells into Matrigel plugs, two hallmarks of angiogenesis. In patients with pediatric medulloblastoma, netrin-1 mRNA levels were increased 1.7-fold in medulloblastoma tumor specimens compared with control specimens from the same patient. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that netrin-1 was elevated in medulloblastoma tumors versus cerebellum controls. Notably, urinary levels of netrin-1 were 9-fold higher in patients with medulloblastoma compared with control individuals. Moreover, urinary netrin-1 levels were higher in patients with invasive medulloblastoma compared with patients with noninvasive medulloblastoma. Finally, we noted that urinary netrin-1 levels diminished after medulloblastoma resection in patients. Our results suggest netrin-1 is a candidate biomarker capable of detecting an invasive, disseminated phenotype in patients with medulloblastoma and predicting their disease status. Cancer Res; 74(14); 3716–26. ©2014 AACR.
Circadian Variation of Melatonin, Light Exposure, and Diurnal Preference in Day and Night Shift Workers of Both Sexes
Authors: Papantoniou Kyriaki , Pozo Oscar J. , Espinosa Ana , Marcos Josep , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Basagaña Xavier , Ribas Ferran Calduch , Mirabent Joan , Martín Jordi , Carenys Gemma , Martín Celia Reyes , Middleton Benita , Skene Debra J. , Kogevinas Manolis
Published: May 2014

Background: Light-at-night has been shown in experimental studies to disrupt melatonin production but this has only partly been confirmed in studies of night shift workers. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the circadian variation of melatonin in relation to shift status, individual levels of light-at-night exposure, and diurnal preference, an attribute reflecting personal preference for activity in the morning or evening.

Methods: One hundred and seventeen workers (75 night and 42 day) of both sexes, ages 22 to 64 years, were recruited from four companies. Participants collected urine samples from all voids over 24 hours and wore a data logger continuously recording their light exposure. Sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, and diurnal preference information were collected by interview. Concentrations of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the main melatonin metabolite, were measured.

Results: Mean aMT6s levels were lower in night [10.9 ng/mg creatinine/hour; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.5–12.6] compared with day workers (15.4; 95% CI, 12.3–19.3). The lowest aMT6s levels were observed in night workers with morning preference (6.4; 95% CI, 3.0–13.6). Peak time of aMT6s production occurred 3 hours later in night (08:42 hour, 95% CI, 07:48–09:42) compared with day workers (05:36 hour, 95% CI, 05:06–06:12). Phase delay was stronger among subjects with higher light-at-night exposure and number of nights worked.

Conclusions: Night shift workers had lower levels and a delay in peak time of aMT6s production over a 24-hour period. Differences were modified by diurnal preference and intensity of light-at-night exposure.

Impact: Night shift work affects levels and timing of melatonin production and both parameters may relate to future cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1176–86. ©2014 AACR.
Predicting Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Versus Lacunar Disease in Patients With Longstanding Hypertension
Authors: Marsh Elisabeth B. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Hillis Argye E. , Maygers Joyce , Lawrence Erin , Llinas Rafael H.
Published: May 2014

Background and Purpose—

Hypertension results in a spectrum of subcortical cerebrovascular disease. It is unclear why some individuals develop ischemia and others develop hemorrhage. Risk factors may differ for each population. We identify factors that predispose an individual to subcortical symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) compared with ischemia.

Methods—

Demographic and laboratory data were prospectively collected for hypertensive patients presenting with ischemic stroke or sICH during an 8.5-year period. Neuroimaging was retrospectively reviewed for acute (subcortical lacunes [<2.0 cm] versus subcortical sICH) and chronic (periventricular white matter disease and cerebral microbleeds) findings. We evaluated the impact of age, race, sex, serum creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, low-density lipoprotein, presence of periventricular white matter disease or cerebral microbleeds, and other factors on the risk of sICH versus acute lacune using multivariate logistic regression.

Results—

Five hundred seventy-one patients had subcortical pathology. The presence of cerebral microbleeds (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.39; confidence interval [CI], 2.09–5.50) was a strong predictor of sICH, whereas severe periventricular white matter disease predicted ischemia (OR, 0.56 risk of sICH; CI, 0.32–0.98). This association was strengthened when the number of microbleeds was evaluated; subjects with >5 microbleeds had an increased risk of sICH (OR, 4.11; CI, 1.96–8.59). It remained significant when individuals with only cortical microbleeds were removed (OR, 1.77, CI, 1.13–2.76). An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR, 1.19 per 10 mm/h increase; CI, 1.06–1.34) was significantly associated with sICH, whereas low-density lipoprotein was associated with ischemic infarct (OR, 0.93 risk of sICH per 10 mg/dL increase; CI, 0.86–0.99).

Conclusions—

Subclinical pathology is the strongest predictor of the nature of subsequent symptomatic event. Low-density lipoprotein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate may also have a role in risk stratification.
The Experience of Defeat
Authors: Hylton Forrest
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This paper argues that throughout the Cold War, the Colombian Left focused on building local power in the countryside, and abandoned the burgeoning urban working class, much of it informal, unwaged and unorganised, to the Right. Yet at every turn, landlords linked to local and regional political machines and military and police officials blocked or reversed reforms designed to modernise the countryside, as government-subsidised agro-industrial development replaced smallholding. Then, in successive conjunctures, landlords and their allies, including cocaine exporters from whom they were increasingly inseparable after 1985, augmented their political power through dynamic counterinsurgent paramilitary movements based in provincial cities and towns. This made democracy impossible, led to a new feudalism characterised by parcellised sovereignties, and upheld, into the twenty-first century, the semi-authoritarian parliamentary system that has ruled Colombia since the 1880s.
Karl Polanyi in Vienna
Authors: Dale Gareth
Published: May 2014

Abstract

In this article I discuss Polanyi’s intellectual formation in early twentieth-century Budapest and in 1920s Vienna, focusing in particular upon his relationship to Guild Socialist and Marxist theory and to Austrian Social Democracy. It was a period in which Marxism was evolving rapidly, and Polanyi was too. In his twenties, he reacted forcefully against what he saw as the evolutionary and deterministic traits of Marxist philosophy. In his thirties, his relationship to Marxism underwent a ‘double movement’: his long-held doubts about Marxism crystallised into an forceful critique, swiftly followed by a sympathetic dialogue with the ideas and politics of Austro-Marxism, the ‘Rousseauian’ commitments of which were not unlike his own. I examine Polanyi’s relationship with Marxism in each of these phases, and explore the affinities between Guild Socialism and Austro-Marxism. The final section introduces the distinctly un-Polanyian analysis of Austrian Social Democracy offered by Polanyi’s wife, Ilona Duczynska.
Book review: Che Guevara: His Revolutionary Legacy, written by Olivier Besancenot and Michael Löwy Book review: Che Guevara: The Economics of Revolution, written by Helen Yaffe
Authors: Gunderson Christopher
Published: May 2014

Abstract

In this review ofChe Guevara: His Revolutionary Legacyby Olivier Besancenot and Michael Löwy andChe Guevara: The Economics of Revolutionby Helen Yaffe, I consider Ché’s relevance to both contemporary anti-capitalist activism and our understanding of the problems of post-revolutionary socialist construction.
Book review: The Early Sartre and Marxism, written by Sam Coombes
Authors: Pomeroy Anne F.
Published: May 2014

Abstract

It is a widely held view among scholars and commentators on the works of Jean-Paul Sartre that his corpus can be roughly divided into an early, largely a-political, non-Marxist period, and a later, more overtly political, post-liberation period. InThe Early Sartre and Marxism, Sam Coombes seeks to problematise this interpretation of Sartre’s corpus by undertaking a re-evaluation of a wide array of pre-liberation and early post-liberation writings in order to establish the extent to which views fully consistent with a certain brand of Marxism are already present therein. The later period, he argues, does not so much constitute a break from the early work as a more complete development of certain nascent themes and concerns. There are difficulties inherent in any claim that Sartre’s early work is consonant with Marxism, primarily due to the fundamental incompatibilities between Sartre’s ontological description of liberation as a project of individual freedom and the inherent hostility of interpersonal relations, and Marxism’s requirements of the development of class consciousness and social solidarity for revolutionary action. Nonetheless, the modest claim that through the 1930s and early ’40s themes and ideas are appearing in Sartre’s work that are indeed not abandoned but constitute the basis of Sartre’s later more directly Marxist writings is compelling and may serve to reopen fruitful speculative philosophical dialogue between Sartre’s early existentialism and Marxism.
Materials for a History of Hungarian Academic Orientalism: The Case of Gyula Germanus
Authors: Mestyan Adam
Published: May 2014

This article provides materials for an institutional history of academic Hungarian Orientalism through the life of Gyula Germanus (1884-1979). Using hitherto unexploited archives, this text explores his education, integration into academia, and career up to 1939. I argue that Germanus was an assimilated Hungarian of Jewish origin with a strong loyalty to the state. His two conversions – to Calvinism in 1909 and to Islam in 1930 – also transformed him from a minor Turkologist into a popularly acclaimed Arabist. This study demonstrates that academic Orientalism as a national science was a contested vehicle of social mobility in the Hungarian transition from an imperial to a nation-state setting.
A new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from central Peru
Authors: ARROYO FRANK
Published: May 2014

Peruvian species of Magnolia were not included in major treatments of the Peruvian flora until the last decade, following revisions of Dugandiodendron and Talauma for the Neotropics published by Lozano-Contreras in 1994 (Pennington et al. 2004, Ulloa et al. 2004) when M. amazonica (Ducke, 1925: 11) Govaerts (1996: 25) and M. rimachii, (Lozano, 1994: 105) Govaerts (1996: 39), two lowland Amazonian species, were included. Subsequently, new species of Magnolia were described from the eastern humid montane and lowland forests in northern and central Peru (Dillon & Sanchez 2009, Vázquez-García et al. 2012). The new species reported here is described for the humid forests of the eastern Andean slopes of central Peru. Following the classification proposed by Figlar & Nooteboom (2004), this species belong to genus Magnolia subgenus Magnolia section Talauma subsection Talauma because of stipule adnation to petioles, circumscissile dehiscence of fruits and absence of a filamentous appendage in the stamen connective.
Malaxis malipoensis (Malaxideae: Orchidaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: Meng Yufang , Hu Aiqun , Yi Qifei , Xing Fuwu
Published: May 2014

Malaxis Solander ex Swartz (1788), the main genus of the tribe Malaxideae (Orchidaceae), consists of about 300 species that are widespread in the tropics and subtropics of the old and new worlds. Only one species of this genus, namely Malaxis monophyllos (Linneaus, 1753: 947) Swartz (1800: 234), has previously been recorded from China (Chen et al. 2009). The taxonomy of the genus is still obscure, even though many researchers have attempted clarification in the past 200 years. (Ridley 1888, Smith 1930, Schlechter 1911, Seidenfaden 1978, Dressler 1993). Undoubtedly, Malaxis is polyphyletic (Cameron 2005, Pridgeon et al. 2006). Most authors have followed treatments of Schlechter (1911) and Seidenfaden (1978) in accepting a broadly defined Malaxis (Smith 1930, Dressler 1993, Chen, 1999).
Additional records and descriptions of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus from Thailand (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Pilophorini)
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , YAMADA KAZUTAKA , ARTCHAWAKOM TAKSIN
Published: May 2014

Eleven species of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn from Thailand are documented, with photographic images of live individuals. Four new species with conventional, moderate antlike shape, Pilophorus meteorus, P. saovapruki, P. subparallelus and P. suwimonae, are described. Two known Thai species, P. alstoni Schuh and P. typicus (Distant), are further reported and diagnosed. Biological information including host association is provided for P. alstoni, P. meteorus, P. saovapruki and P. typicus. A checklist of all currently known species of Pilophorus in Thailand and a key to known Thai species are included. Pilophorus typicus is reported from Singapore for the first time.
Correct authorship of the genus Pyrgilauda (Aves: Passeridae)
Authors: MLÍKOVSKÝ JIŘÍ
Published: May 2014

The correct generic name and its authorship of southern snowfinches has been a matter of debate since the 1980s (Kašin 1982; Nejfel'dt 1986; Stepanân 1990) until Mlíkovský (1998) showed that Pyrgilauda is the correct generic name and that it should be attributed to Bonaparte (1850: 511), not to Verreaux (1871: 40), because Bonaparte (1850: 511) first listed that name in synonymy, because it was used as a valid name for a taxon before 1961 and because Art. 11.6.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999; hereafter the Code) applies to this case (in 1998 I referred to the then-valid Third Edition of the Code, ICZN 1985, where this Article was called "11/e").
The correct stems of family-group names citing Ortalis Merrem, 1786, as type genus (Aves: Cracidae)
Authors: DAVID NORMAND
Published: May 2014

Donegan (2012) proposed the family-group name "Ortalidaini n. tribe" for the chachalaca group in the avian family Cracidae (guans), and designated "Ortalis (or Ortalida)" [sic] Merrem, 1786, as the type genus. For reasons given below, the name "Ortalidaini" is showed to be misformed according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), hereinafter the Code, and the correct stems of family-group names using Ortalis Merrem, 1786, as type genus are presented.
A new genus and species of Cyproideidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda) from a tropical coral reef, SE Gulf of Mexico
Authors: ORTIZ M. , WINFIELD I.
Published: May 2014

Sisalia carricarti new genus, new species, is described on specimens collected from the Sisal Coral Reef System, Southern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico. The new genus is most morphologically similar to the genus Paracyproidea, but can be distinguished by the article 2 of antenna 2 peduncle, the peduncle of the uropods and length of rami, and telson. Also, the new genus can be distinguished from the rest 18 genera of the family Cyproideidae by the following characteristics: 3-articulate mandible palp, mandible molar big and triturative; palp on maxilla 2 uniarticulate; article 2 of pereopods 3–7 rectilinear, and urosomites 1–3 not elongated. Sisalia carricarti new genus, new species, represents the second known genus and third species of cyproideid amphipods documented from the Inter-American Sea (Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea), and the 19th genus and 44th species of the world cyproideid fauna. The more significant morphological characters and the geographical distribution of the 19 known genera of cyproideid amphipods are also pointed out.
A new species of lizard in the genus Caledoniscincus (Reptilia: Scincidae) from far northwest New Caledonia
Authors: SADLIER ROSS A. , WHITAKER ANTHONY H. , WOOD JR. PERRY L. , BAUER AARON M.
Published: May 2014

A new species of skink in the genus Caledoniscincus is described from the far north-west region of New Caledonia. It is known from a single location, the isolated ultramafic massif of Dôme de Tiébaghi, north of Koumac. The new species, Caledoniscincus pelletieri sp. nov., has a bold, white mid-lateral stripe on the body, a feature which distinguishes it from most other species of Caledoniscincus except the regionally sympatric Caledoniscincus haplorhinus (Günther) and Caledoniscincus austrocaledonicus (Bavay), and the recently described Caledoniscincus constellatus Sadlier, Whitaker, Wood & Bauer just to the south. The new species can be distinguished from these taxa in features of scalation and colouration, most notably in lacking an extension of the pale midlateral stripe between the ear and forelimbs and in having more lamellae on the underside of the fourth toe. The differences in morphology between C. pelletieri sp. nov. and the other members of the genus are complemented by a high level of genetic differentiation, further supporting its distinctiveness as an independent evolutionary lineage warranting recognition as a distinct species. The DNA sequence data for the ND2 mitochondrial gene identifies the new species as the sister to C. constellatus and these two taxa as the sister to all Caledoniscincus. The species is of extremely high conservation concern given its restricted distribution in an area that is currently being heavily impacted by human activities, and it satisfies the IUCN criteria to be ranked as a Critically Endangered species.
A new species of the genus Linoderus Sharp, 1885 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Philonthina) from the Colombian Andes
Authors: LÓPEZ-GARCÍA MARGARITA M. , MÉNDEZ-ROJAS DIANA M.
Published: May 2014

The monotypic genus Linoderus Sharp, 1885 was described based on a species from Panama and since the original description nearly nothing has been added to its taxonomical knowledge. The aim of the present paper is to describe a new species of the genus from Colombia and to report the genus for the first time from South America, adding some biological notes of the species.
An Optimized System for the Classification of Meteorological Drought Intensity with Applications in Drought Frequency Analysis
Authors: Carrão Hugo , Singleton Andrew , Naumann Gustavo , Barbosa Paulo , Vogt Jürgen V.
Published: May 2014

The adequacy of meteorological drought intensity threshold levels based on deviations of monthly precipitation totals from normal climatological conditions is reconsidered. The motivation for this study is the observation that reference classification systems are fixed for all climatological regions, and threshold levels have been proposed without regard for the statistical distribution of accumulated precipitation in space and time. This misrepresentation of precipitation variability may lead to erroneous estimates of meteorological drought onset in specific areas where natural breaks in the cumulative distribution of monthly precipitation do not fit the generalized classification systems. In this study, a new optimized classification system based on the nonparametric “Fisher–Jenks” algorithm is proposed for the estimation of meteorological drought intensity threshold levels from monthly precipitation totals. The optimized classification system is compared using the tabular accuracy index (TAI) to three fixed classification systems that are proposed in the literature and widely applied in the operational setting. An assessment of drought intensity classifications with optimized and fixed threshold levels shows that 1) six optimized categories most accurately divide precipitation totals into the most appropriate drought intensities, 2) optimized thresholds always give considerably improved drought intensity category allocations over fixed thresholds with the same number of categories, and 3) fixed thresholds underestimate the drought onset. An analysis of monthly and long-term drought frequency for Latin America has been conducted for assessing the spatial link between meteorological drought intensity categories computed with the Fisher–Jenks algorithm and different climate classifications. The results show a systematic match between climate variability in the region and spatial patterns of meteorological drought intensity.
High-Resolution Climate Change Impact Analysis on Expected Future Water Availability in the Upper Jordan Catchment and the Middle East
Authors: Smiatek Gerhard , Kunstmann Harald , Heckl Andreas
Published: May 2014

The impact of climate change on the future water availability of the upper Jordan River (UJR) and its tributaries Dan, Snir, and Hermon located in the eastern Mediterranean is evaluated by a highly resolved distributed approach with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) run at 18.6- and 6.2-km resolution offline coupled with the Water Flow and Balance Simulation Model (WaSiM). The MM5 was driven with NCEP reanalysis for 1971–2000 and with Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3), GCM forcings for 1971–2099. Because only one regional–global climate model combination was applied, the results may not give the full range of possible future projections. To describe the Dan spring behavior, the hydrological model was extended by a bypass approach to allow the fast discharge components of the Snir to enter the Dan catchment. Simulation results for the period 1976–2000 reveal that the coupled system was able to reproduce the observed discharge rates in the partially karstic complex terrain to a reasonable extent with the high-resolution 6.2-km meteorological input only. The performed future climate simulations show steadily rising temperatures with 2.2 K above the 1976–2000 mean for the period 2031–60 and 3.5 K for the period 2070–99. Precipitation trends are insignificant until the middle of the century, although a decrease of approximately 12% is simulated. For the end of the century, a reduction in rainfall ranging between 10% and 35% can be expected. Discharge in the UJR is simulated to decrease by 12% until 2060 and by 26% until 2099, both related to the 1976–2000 mean. The discharge decrease is associated with a lower number of high river flow years.
Surface Roughness Imaging of Currents Shows Divergence and Strain in the Wind Direction
Authors: Rascle Nicolas , Chapron Bertrand , Ponte Aurélien , Ardhuin Fabrice , Klein Patrice
Published: May 2014

Images of sea surface roughness—for example, obtained by synthetic aperture radars (SAR) or by radiometers viewing areas in and around the sun glitter—at times provide clear observations of meso- and submesoscale oceanic features. Interacting with the surface wind waves, particular deformation properties of surface currents are responsible for those manifestations. Ignoring other sources of surface roughness variations, the authors limit their discussion to the mean square slope (mss) variability. This study confirms that vortical currents and currents with shear in the wind direction shall not be expressed in surface roughness images. Only divergent currents or currents with no divergence but strained in the wind direction can exhibit surface roughness signatures. More specifically, nondivergent currents might be traced with a 45° sensitivity to the wind direction. A simple method is proposed in order to interpret high-resolution roughness images, where roughness variations are proportional to ∂u/∂x + α∂υ/∂y, a linear combination of the along-wind and crosswind current gradients. The polarization parameter α depends upon the sensor look direction and the directional properties of the surface waves selected by the sensor. The use of multiple look directions or possible acquisitions with different wind directions shall thus help to retrieve surface currents from surface roughness observations.
Adaptability of Mediterranean Agricultural Systems to Climate Change. The Example of the Sierra Mágina Olive-Growing Region (Andalusia, Spain). Part I: Past and Present
Authors: Cohen Marianne , Ronchail Josyane , Alonso-Roldán María , Morcel Céline , Angles Stéphane , Araque-Jimenez Eduardo , Labat David
Published: May 2014

This research focuses on the adaptability of olive-growing systems to climate change in the Sierra Mágina region of Andalusia. The authors combined a retrospective and prospective analysis, an interdisciplinary approach, collaboration among climatologists, geographers, and sociologists, and the participation of local farmers and stakeholders, all contributing their own knowledge.

This paper assesses the adaptability of olive-growing systems to climate irregularities over the past 50 yr. First, a climatic study shows that rainfall decreased by 18% during the period 1955–2009. Water resource availability has declined 2 or 3 times more than rainfall, in part because of the expansion of irrigation, which ameliorated the effects of droughts and increased profitability. Second, relationships between rainfall and both irrigated and rainfed olive yields are assessed. These show that the cumulative rainfall of the 2 yr preceding the crop explains 41% of the variability of irrigated olive tree yields and 46% of rainfed yields; this result was unexpected for irrigated yields. Third, this study examines the perceptions of climate variability of 15 farmers, the views of 16 local stakeholders [developers, olive oil professionals, local authorities, a conservationist, and a representative of a local nongovernmental organization (NGO)]. The perceptions of the farmers are interpreted with respect to their socioeconomic status. All farmer and stakeholder interviewees know to a certain extent the climatic influence on olive yields, and most of them acknowledge the recent climatic changes. These findings will be valuable for future assessments of the adaptability of the agricultural and social systems to climate change.