bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential training variables of arm-hand training in people with cervical spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Authors: Bertels Nele , Seelen Henk , Dembele Justine , Spooren Annemie
Published: November 2023

Objective: To identify and evaluate 3 training variables of motor training programmes involving people with a cervical spinal cord injury: i.e. motor training strategies, therapy dosage, and persons’ motivation for arm-hand functioning in subacute and chronic phases.
Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, and DARE databases were searched for active arm-hand motor training programmes. Two independent reviewers assessed methodological quality. Pre-post effect sizes were calculated using Hedge’s g, and mean effect sizes were calculated to compare outcomes on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health levels of function and activity.
Results: Twelve training programmes integrated mainly skill training alone or combined with strength and/or endurance training. Task-oriented training components included: multiple movement planes, functional movements, clear functional goals, and bimanual practice. Training duration of 8 weeks was common. Quantitative analyses of 8 training programmes showed an overall small effect (0.34) on function level and an overall moderate effect (0.55) on activity level. In depth-analysis of activity level showed moderate effects of skill training only (0.55) or combined with strength and endurance training (0.53). Moderate effects (0.53–0.60) were found for integrating functional movements, clear functional goals, real-life object manipulation, multiple movement planes, total skill practice, context-specific environment, exercise variety, and bimanual practice. Training of minimum 8 weeks showed a moderate effect (0.60–0.69).
Conclusion: Based on limited studies, arm-hand functioning aiming to improve activity level can be improved using skill training with at least 8 task-oriented training components, additional strength and endurance training, with a minimum training duration of 8 weeks.
Läsförståelseundervisning i årskurs 6 med utgångspunkt i skönlitteratur respektive lärobok i svenska
Authors: Alatalo Tarja
Published: November 2023

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om läsförståelseundervisning i svenskämnet i mellanstadiet. Material från en observationsstudie i två klasser i årskurs 6 analyseras för att förstå och beskriva hur lärare undervisar i läsförståelse utifrån skönlitterära böcker som eleverna valt själva, så kallade tystläsningsböcker, respektive ett läromedel i svenskämnet. Genom innehållsanalys synliggörs vad som kan vara undervisning för att förstå ett specifikt textinnehåll respektive förståelsestrategier. Trots olika utgångspunkter vad gäller texter och läsaktiviteter ställer båda lärarna frågor och genererar diskussioner på hög nivå. De utmanar även eleverna att tänka om textens innehåll, form och budskap, men undervisar i låg grad om strategier för att förstå och komma ihåg textinnehåll. Ingen av lärarna påpekar explicit för eleverna att det sätt som de tar sig an läsaktiviteterna hjälper dem att förstå textinnehåll och att liknande strategier kan användas vid all läsning. En slutsats är att lärare behöver bli medvetna om att det inte räcker med att låta elever träna på att synliggöra textinnehåll eller att knyta textinnehåll till sig själva, utan det behövs också direkt undervisning om det. Potential att undervisa explicit om när och hur olika strategier kan användas för att stötta elever att bli självständiga läsare diskuteras.
English abstract
Teaching Reading Comprehension in Grade 6 Using Fiction and a Textbook in Swedish
This article aims to contribute to knowledge about the teaching of reading comprehension in the subject Swedish in middle school. Material from an observational study in two grade six classes is analysed to learn about and describe how teachers teach reading comprehension using fiction books chosen by students (so-called silent reading books) and a Swedish textbook, respectively. A content analysis makes visible teaching that supports students in understanding the content of a text, as well as teaching that provides students with reading strategies. Despite differences in their use of texts and reading activities, the teachers in both classrooms ask questions and initiate high-level discussions. They also challenge students to think about the content, form, and message of texts. However, strategies for understanding and remembering text content are taught to a low degree. None of the teachers explicitly point out to students that the way they approach reading activities can help them understand text content and that similar strategies can be used for all reading. One conclusion is that teachers need to become aware that it is not enough to let students practice making text content visible or to connect text content to themselves; explicit teaching about comprehension strategies is also needed. The article also discusses when and how different strategies can be used to support students to become independent readers.
Implementación socioafectiva de herramientas virtuales en el quehacer tutorial. Una visión desde el docente tutor
Authors: Benítez Pérez Alma Alicia , Bedolla Sámano Jacqueline , Maldonado Reynoso Norma Patricia
Published: November 2023

La función del docente tutor todavía es uno de los retos por mejorar para apoyar a los estudiantes, en especial cuando se considera el contexto actual en el que están inmersos los adolescentes. Por ello, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la viabilidad de implementación de los recursos académicos, virtuales, sociales y afectivos involucrados en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el aula como apoyo al trabajo del docente tutor en el Programa Institucional de Tutorías de Nivel Medio Superior (NMS) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). Para ello, se implementó la virtualidad combinada con el trabajo presencial, pues se diseñaron recursos en línea puestos a disposición de los tutores en una red local, los cuales se diseñaron con el software libre XAMPP con la finalidad de instalar en un espacio virtual varias herramientas. La experiencia se realizó con cinco docentes tutores de NMS del Centro de Estudios Científico y Tecnológico nro. 8 del IPN. En concreto, se indagaron sus experiencias y necesidades en el entorno de e-tutorías y se verificó si los apoyos implementados contribuyeron al quehacer tutorial desde la visión y misión del docente tutor. En tal sentido, se halló una gran aceptación de los recursos y los participantes hicieron propuestas de secciones dentro del espacio virtual. Además, señalaron ventajas de este apoyo complementario, mediante el cual pudieron resolver el caso de un adolescente ficticio a través de los recursos disponibles en línea. La metodología fue de corte cualitativo e interpretativo, pues se analizaron las ventajas o desventajas que resultaron de la utilización de recursos de la tutoría en línea. Los hallazgos identificados permitieron detectar la facilidad y factibilidad de la organización y sistematización de los recursos para optimizar el proceso de tutorías.
Framing The Responsibility of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) on Space Technology in International Law
Authors: Puspita Natalia Yeti , Boydston Natasha Gusti Wahyu Puspitasari
Published: November 2023

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have gained popularity as a way to use resources and expertise from the private sector to support governmental space activities. In the event of a space-related incident, the division of duties and liabilities between public and private partners may be complicated. Clarifying the division of duties and liabilities between public and private actors is necessary given the rising participation of private companies in space activities.. With the growing involvement of private entities in space activities, there is a need to clarify the allocation of responsibilities and liabilities between public and private actors. Who is held responsible when a private company causes a technological disaster strike? On what basis can the responsibility be made, understood from international law? The research is normative legal research, where the data is collected through a statutory and case approach. The study results show that Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in outer space activities raise complex questions regarding responsibility. Responsibility refers to the Liability Convention on the Outer Space Treaty. The treaty emphasizes that states bear international responsibility for their national activities in outer space, including those conducted by private entities under their jurisdiction. However, the treaty does not explicitly address the specific responsibilities of private actors. Private companies only bear indirect international responsibility. PPPs need to consider the notion of shared responsibility, which acknowledges the contributions of both public and private actors and emphasizes cooperation and transparency
PEMERIKSAAN PROFIL LIPID PADA JEMAAT LANSIA SALAH SATU GEREJA KRISTEN DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Patramurti Christine , Triwulandari Erna , Nastiti Christofori Maria Ratna Rini
Published: November 2023

Lipid profile examination including total cholesterol level, triglycerides level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction is essential to be done as a routine activity quinquennially to prevent someone from the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. This kind of examination is mandatory for the elderly people to maintain their quality of life. In order to support the government program on the prevention of the cardiovascular diseases, a team of social service of Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Sanata Dharma (FFUSD) was organizing an event of lipid profile examination in one of Christian church located in Kalasan, Yogyakarta. As many as 35 elderly people were enthusiastically participating on the event. A nurse from Poliklinik Sanata Dharma was appointed to take the blood samples, which were further taken to the Biochemistry Laboratory in FFUSD to get analysed. The results were sent to the participants in private. The overall blood lipid profiles of most participants showed good level of quality, indicating that they have been trying to manage their life healthily. However, as much as 62. 8% of participants showed a low level of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.  This was believed due to the food intake which was still rich in oil and fat.  The event was very succesful and the responses were very positive. The participants felt assisted with a fast and accurate results sent.
Genogeografiya farmakogeneticheski znachimyh DNK-markerov CYP2C19 supersemejstva citohromov v narodonaselenii Rossii i sopredel'nyh stran
Authors: Балановская Е. В. , Абдулаев Ш. П. , Горин И. О. , Белов Р. О. , Мукатдарова Е. А. , Пылёв В. Ю.
Published: November 2023

Geneticheskoe testirovanie kazhdogo pacienta dlya vyyavleniya nositel'stva farmakogeneticheskih markerov problemno dlya sistemy zdravoohraneniya. No znanie chastoty vstrechaemosti farmakogeneticheski vazhnyh genov pozvolyaet prinimat' reshenie o terapii v zavisimosti ot etnicheskoj prinadlezhnosti pacienta. Odnim iz naibolee znachimyh yavlyaetsya gen citohroma CYP2C19, uchastvuyushchij v biotransformacii shirokogo spektra lekarstvennyh preparatov. Cel'yu raboty bylo vyyavit' chastoty vstrechaemosti osnovnyh variantov CYP2C19 i patterny ih prostranstvennoj izmenchivosti v narodonaselenii Rossii. Na osnove sozdannoj kollektivom bazy dannyh «Farmakogenetika populyacij Rossii i sopredel'nyh stran» polucheny chastoty variantov CYP2C19 *1, *2, *3, *17 i chastoty ih genotipov: *1 — 53 populyacii, n = 2261 obrazec; *2 — 79 populyacij, n = 6346; *3 — 92 populyacii, n = 7517; *17 — 35 populyacij, n = 3313. Sozdan kartograficheskij atlas, vklyuchayushchij karty chastoty variantov *1, *2, *3, *17, ih korrelyacionnye karty i karty chastoty ih genotipov. Predstavleny konkretnye dannye o chastotah variantov CYP2C19 i ih farmakogeneticheski znachimyh genotipah v osnovnyh etnicheskih gruppah Rossii. Kartograficheskij atlas daet prognoz chastoty znachimyh variantov CYP2C19 i ih genotipov dlya narodov, informaciya o kotoryh poka otsutstvuet. Genogeografiya *1 i *2 harakterizuetsya skhozhim patternom: sovmeshchenie dolgotnogo trenda rosta chastoty s zapada na yugo-vostok i shirotnogo rosta chastoty s severa na yug v aziatskoj chasti regiona. Variant *3 otlichaetsya chetkost'yu dolgotnogo vektora rosta chastoty ot 0 na zapade do mirovogo maksimuma chastoty v Priamur'e. Variant *17 imeet vyrazitel'nyj dolgotnyj trend s protivopolozhnym vektorom padeniya chastoty s zapada na yugo-vostok. Korrelyacionnye karty ukazyvayut regiony, v kotoryh narusheno skhodstvo mezhdu osnovnymi patternami.
Study of Diagnostic Methods and Sequencing for Trichomoniasis in Mongolia
Authors: Narantsogt Giimaa , Mundur Burnee , Enkhbaatar Zanabazar , Dogsom Oyungerel , Enkhbayar Saruul , Gunregjav Myamaa , Tsogtjargal Urantsetseg , Dashdendev Narmandakah , Agvaandaram Gurbadam , Im Kyung-il , Dorjsuren Temuulen
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of a diagnostic method for trichomoniasis that uses sequencing of the Tv-E650 gene. Methods: Totally 109 patients visited Ulaan Tuuz Hospital, National Center of Communicable Disease, Ulaanbaatar and were examined for trichomoniasis using wet mount examination, Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, culture and PCR. A family of 650 base pair (bp) long repeats from the T. vaginalis genome, designated as the Tv-E650 family, was sequenced for five Mongolian strains. Results: As a result, 21.1% (23/109) were positive by wet mount, 18.3% (20/109) were positive by Pap smear, 28.4% (31/109) were positive by culture and 36.6% (40/109) were positive by PCR. The differences among the strains are single-nucleotide and 2-nudeotide substitutions and insertions or deletions. The sequence uniformity of the strains as well as the presence of identical mutations in different isolates suggest efficient sequence homogenization mechanisms. In blast results, the Tv-E650 repeat family is conserved in all T. vaginalis strains examined, regardless of their diverse geographical origin. Conclusion: TheTv-E650 repeat family of 7? vaginalis is a simple, rapid sensitive and specific accurate method for identification and diagnosis of trichomoniasis.
Uncontrolled Hypertension and Non-adherence to Medical Therapy in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Authors: Unurjargal Tsolmon , Sodovsuren Naranchimeg
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The purposes of this study were (1) to measure non-adherence to medical therapy in a representative sample of the hypertensive population in Mongolia; (2) to identify factors influencing non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication; and (3) to compare non-adherence to medication in the uncontrolled and controlled hypertension groups. Methods: This descriptive study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional analysis. A random sample of 735 hypertensive patients, aged 35-64 years was selected. Arterial hypertension was defined as uncontrolled if blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. Non-adherence to medication was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale with a four-item questionnaire. Results: The study sample consisted of 265 men (36.1%) and 470 women (63.9%). The mean age of participants was 53.8 ± 8.7 years. Uncontrolled hypertension was detected in 84.7% of all hypertensive subjects. We wound 68.3% of hypertensive patient’s non-adherence to medical treatment. Significant factors influencing non-adherence to anti[1]hypertensive medication among the hypertensive population in Mongolia were younger age (35-44), low family income, not having a regular doctor for hypertension control, behavior of irregular medication intake and mono-therapy. Conclusion: Non-adherence to medical treatment was significantly more common in the uncontrolled hypertension group compared with controlled the hypertension group (79.3% vs. 7.1%, p<0.001).
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Complicated with Hyperviscosity Syndrome
Authors: Jigjidkhorol Narangerel , Batsukh Khishigjargal , Norov Oyundelger , Sukhbaatar Myadagsuren , Ayurzana Nansalmaa , Ravzanaadii Mend-Amar , Tungalag Saruul , Boldbaatar Altanshagai , Purevdorj Khulan , Jav Sarantuya
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a malignant disease of the B lymphocytes. We report on a patient in Mongolia having WM complicated with hyperviscosity syndrome. Methods: A 28 year-old Mongolian woman had symptoms due to hyperviscosity syndrome such as vision loss, headache, dizziness and, epistaxis. Upon examination, her morphology, biochemistry, histology, flow cytometry and serum protein electrophoresis indicated WM complicated with hyperviscosity syndrome. Results: The patient was was successfully treated with a combination chemotherapy and plasmapheresis. Conclusion: Hyperviscosity syndrome manifestations should be treated with plasmapheresis.
Dendritic Cell Subsets in the Skin and Their Functional Role in Contact Hypersensitivity
Authors: Kim Tae-Gyun , Lee Min-Geol
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Skin is a primary epithelial organ, which protects our body from the surrounding environment. Besides physical barrier machineries, skin also contains a number of immune components that actively participate in the protective immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells and they are essentially required for mediating innate and adaptive immunity. Although emerging studies have demonstrated distinct resident DC subsets in the skin, their subset-specific functions still need to be elucidated. Methods: We reviewed recent works on the DC subset discrimination and specification in the mouse skin. To understand the DC subset-dependent functional diversity, we especially focused on the murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS), an experimental model of human allergic contact dermatitis. Furthermore, we discussed our recent work on the role of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) in CHS. Results: Murine skin harbors at least three DC subsets: (i) epidermal LCs, (ii) Langerin+ dermal DCs and (iii) Langerin- dermal DCs. Using more sophisticated cell markers, recent study has described monocyte-derived DCs in the skin. The role of each DC subset in CHS was somewhat inconsistent and redundant from study to study and needs further elaborative works for the general acceptance. Conclusion: Continuous efforts to understand the functional diversity among each cutaneous DC subset will be needed to develop the new anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor strategies by targeting relevant skin DC population in vivo.
Schwartz's Principles of Surgery
Authors: Orgoi Sergelen , Biziya Bat-Orgil , Lamid-Ochir Bayarbaatar
Published: November 2023

No Abstract in English
Quantitative Serum HBsAg and M2BPGi Levels in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis D
Authors: Gidaagaya Sarantuya , Enkhbayar Uranbaigal , Bayarjargal Ariunaa , Bayarsaikhan Uyanga , Dorj Sumiya , Batmunkh Munkhbat , Namdag Bira
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Quantification of serum HBsAg has several clinical significances such as acting as a biomarker for the hepatitis D virus (HDV)-RNA level and necroinflammatory activity in HDV infection. The WFA+-M2BP is a new glyco-biomarker for liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare the quantitative HBsAg and M2BPGi levels between groups of HBV infected patients with or without HDV infection. Methods: Totally, 112 consecutive HBsAg carriers with or without HDV infection (median age 36 vs 38) were enrolled in the study. Serum HBsAg and M2BPGi levels were measured using commercial tests. Results: Mean qHBsAg concentrations were 3.8 ±0.6 log IU/mL and 3.5 ±0.8 log IU/mL in the HDV positive and HDV negative HBsAg carriers, respectively (p = 0.02). Yet 45 patients out of 56 HDV positive patients have HBsAg level >2000 IU/mL whereas only 33 patients in the HBV mono infected group had concentrations this high. The mean M2BPGi was a 1.2 cut-off index (COI) in the HDV negative group vs. 2.1 COI in the HDV positive group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The qHBsAg level was higher in HDV positive patients compared with HDV negative subjects. But qHBsAg levels were higher in the HBeAg positive subjects despite the presence of HDV infection. The mean M2BPGi value in the HDV positive group was higher than in HDV negative subjects.
Association Between Consumption of Sugar-sweetened Beverages and Childhood Obesity and Overweight
Authors: Mandakh Undram , Bold Khorolmaa , Batmunkh Altantuya , Dashtseren Myagmartseren , Ochir Chimedsuren , Purevdorj Tseden
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This paper aims to study how consumption of beverages relates to the body weight of children and adolescents in Mongolia. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted between 2015 and 2016. A group of 353 relatively healthy children and adolescents aged 6-16 were selected from ger districts of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Chi-squared analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of categorical variables with body mass index (BMI) z-score subgroups. T-test or two-way ANOVA was performed to compare means. Beverage consumption was presented as means with standard deviation (SD) among sex and age groups. Results: The data from 347 children and adolescents were analyzed. Boys represented 50.1% (n =174) and the mean age ± SD was 10.0 ±2.9 years. Tea was the main beverage type in all age and sex groups compared to other types of beverages. Girls aged between 10 and 13 years old had the highest consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). And there was a markedly high consumption of SSB among overweight and obese children. Conclusion: Significantly higher consumption of SSB was seen among overweight and obese children. Detailed household and school-based observational and interventional studies should be performed using these findings to help policy makers to make evidence-based decisions about SSB.
Total Aflatoxin Contamination Level in Flour in Mongolia and Aflatoxin Intake
Authors: Lkhaasuren Gerelmaa , Uush Tserendolgor , Badrakh Burmaajav , Dorjidagba Ganzorig , Boldbaatar Narandelger
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the total aflatoxin contamination level in flour, flour storage conditions, and the aflatoxin intake in Mongolia. Methods: A total of 71 samples of flour were randomly collected from the survey area in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, from March to December 2015. An ELISA test was used for detection the total aflatoxins B1 + B2 . The relative humidity and temperatures of the storage areas were measured at the time of sampling the flour. The personal daily intake of aflatoxin was estimated. Results: The survey found that 43.7% of all analyzed flour samples had detectable aflatoxin at 0.04 µg kg-1 and 0.05 µg kg-1. The mean relative humidity and temperatures of the storage areas were higher than the recommended level. The aflatoxin intakes were 0.1271 µg kg-1 body weight day-1 and 0.3615 µg kg-1 body weight day-1 as calculated from the mean daily flour intake and the 95th percentile intake, respectively. Conclusion: The potential health hazard associated with aflatoxin in flour was not determined as a serious threat in Mongolia, but the storage conditions of flour may encourage the growth of fungi-producing aflatoxins. Thus, a national strategy for the elimination of aflatoxin in foods is needed in Mongolia.
Ranges for Reticulocyte Fractions and Reticulocyte Hemoglobin of Mongolian Donors
Authors: Otgonbayar Purevjal , Namjil Erdenebayar , Sonomjamts Munkhbayarlakh , Tsogbadrakh Odgerel
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the performance of reticulocyte fractions and reticulocyte hemoglobin for early detection of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among Mongolian blood donors. Methods: Blood samples were collected before and after blood donations and analyzed using a Sysmex XN- 2000 analyzer. Iron levels (Umol/L) and Ferritin levels (µmol/L) were measured using a COBAS E601 (ROCHE, Japan). Results: Anemia was diagnosed in 3.2% all of the donors. In donors with anemia the results were: HGB 10.6±0.6 g/dl, serum ferritin 5.5 (4; 9) µmol, serum iron 5.7 (4; 7) µmol and Ret-He 26.5 (23; 28) pg. The mean value of reticulocyte was 1.2±0.3 and 1.1±0.3 within a reference range of 0.5-2%. The mean values of IRF before and after blood donations were 6.3±2.6 and 5.9±2.7 respectively with range of 1.1 - 15.9%. There were no clear differences in reticulocyte count and its fractions among donors before and after blood donation. The mean Ret-He was 32.1+1.7 pg before blood donation; 31.2+2.2 pg 28 days after donation and 31.7+ 1.6 pg within 2-3 months after the first blood donation. There are significant differences in RET-He between the before and after blood donations. Conclusion: IRF and Ret-He are very useful parameters for estimating hematopoiesis, monitoring for iron treatment and early detection of iron deficiency.
Alterations in Interleukin-6 and Other Parameters during Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Chultemdarjaa Tuvjargal , Ganbaatar Undarmaa , Batjargal Sodgerel , Nachin Baasanjav , Artbazar Bayarzaya , Dansran Purevsuren
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using a heart-lung machine to perform open-heart surgery is known to be associated with numerous pathophysiologic changes in body systems. Soon after beginning extracorporeal circulation, an activation process of certain plasma protein systems occurs as blood contacts the foreign surfaces of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. During cardiac surgery with CPB, there is a systemic inflammatory reaction involving an enhanced release of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the mechanisms that lead to the protraction of SIRS in patients who are operated under CPB. Methods: Blood samples from 27 patients (12 females and 15 males, aged 18-63 years) who underwent CPB were collected before and at several time points after surgery and analyzed for plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and white blood cells (WBC). Results: In patients with SIRS, the duration of CPB, interleukin-6 (IL-6) count, and WBC count after aortic declamping were significantly higher. The occurrence of SIRS was significantly correlated with the highest recorded level of IL-6 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p<0.05) and the duration of CPB (r = 0.578, p<0.001). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the duration of CPB and cytokinemia characterized by high IL-6 levels may play an important role in the development of the SIRS.
Relationship Between Oral Microorganisms and Dental Caries
Authors: Maravdorj Khosbayar , Bazar Oyuntsetseg , Nyanrag Purevjaw , Seung-Chul Shin
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the incidences of dental caries and the amount and motility of oral microorganisms in inter proximal dental plaque. Methods: Oral microorganism samples from 240 volunteers in six different age groups were classified according to morphology using phase contrast microscopy. We observed the amount and motility of the microorganisms and examined for relationships to the incidences of dental caries. Results: There was a statistically significant difference among the age groups (p < 0.05) in the motility of cocci and bacilli and in the amount of spirilla. The decayed tooth (DT), filled tooth (FT), and decayed, missing, filled tooth (DMFT) index for all age groups were calculated as 7.5 ± 4.5, 1.9 ± 3.0, and 14.8 ± 8.1. There was weak, positive relationship between the amount of cocci and bacilli and caries incidence, regardless of age (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Determining the amount and motility of oral microorganisms is an effective method of evaluating and controlling the status of oral health.
Stress Hyperglycemia As a Predictor of Adverse Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Should We Care?
Authors: Byambasukh Oyuntugs , Gendendagva Naranchimeg , Dagvajantsan Byambasuren , Boldbaatar Damdindorj
Published: November 2023

No abstract in English
Helicobacter Pylori Genotyping Among Mongolian Dyspeptic Patients
Authors: Tegshee Tserentogtokh , Boldbaatar Gantuya , Oyuntsetseg Khasag , Duger Davaadorj , Adiyasuren Battulga , Otgondemberel Bolor
Published: November 2023

Objective: The prevalence of H. pylori infection varies significantly and developing countries are found to be the highest in Asia. In the present study, we have aimed to perform a combined analysis of histochemical stains and IHC to confirm the H.pylori infection of patients in 5 different provinces and Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. Method: Five hundred and thirty-eight patients were enrolled in this study (142 gastric mucosal atrophy, 333 gastritis and 62 gastroesophageal reflux). Results: 67.1 % of participants had CagA positive and 69.3 % were immunohistochemically positive. All histological results showed that the gastritis group was significantly higher in patients who were positive for H. pylori than in antral-predominant gastritis. By the hematoxylin and eosin staining with May– Giemsa confirmation by IHC, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the gastric mucosal atrophy group was 62.1 %, while in the gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux group, the rate was 74.3 % and 59.1 %, respectively. Conclusion: CagA sequence profile in each group of patients revealed that 22.6 % of the gastric mucosal atrophy group was ABC type, 43.4 % was ABCC type and 33.9 % was ABTC type. On the other hand, in the gastritis group, the dominant type was ABTC (41.3 %). In the gastroesophageal reflux group, the ABCC type was dominant while 23.1% was the ABC type.
Comparison of Iris Calved IOL and LASIK Surgery Outcome in Mongolian Patients
Authors: Gunchin-Ish Narangarav , Soningerel Batochir , Davaatseren Uranchimeg
Published: November 2023

Objective: There are significantly few studies which have introduced the comparison intra ocular lens (IOL) outcome with conventional phacoemulsification surgery. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to compare anterior chamber intra ocular lens (AC IOL) and LASIK surgery in Mongolian patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 67 participants. Females comprised 58.8 % in the IOL patients and 72.0 % in the LASIK groups. The mean age of the participants was 32.06 ± 9.29 in IOL and 29.4 ± 6.59 in the LASIK group. Results: Pre operative uncorrected visual activity (UCVA) was 7.94 ± 6.56 in IOL patients, and 2 weeks after surgery, UCVA had increased to 61.18 ± 21.18. In the case of LASIK, pre-operative UCVA was 20.56 ± 17.20, and the value was 86.8 ± 18.23 after surgery. Pre-operative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) IOL and LASIK group were 37.65 ± 18.38 and 97.6 ± 4.31, respectively. However, only IOL patients had significantly improved BCVA after surgery (71.76 ± 22.97 at post-operative 2nd week). Conclusions: The best-corrected visual acuity and was better for AC IOL than LASIK surgery.
Influenza and COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Gombojav Bayasgalan , Dorj Gantuya
Published: November 2023

No abstract in English
Comparison of Clinical Features of Hepatitis B and C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Luvsan Ganchudur , Erdenebileg Taivanbaatar , Mendjargal Adilsaikhan , Baatarjav Gan-Erdene , Damdinbazar Otgonbayar , Enkhbat Bayarmaa , Oidov Baatarkhuu , Avirmed Shiirevnyamba
Published: November 2023

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV group) and C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV group). Methods: By a single century, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of 23 patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV group) and 34 with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV group). Results: The patients in the HBV group (mean age 61.1 year) were about 6 years younger than those in the HCV group (mean age 67.1 year). Liver function, as measured by indocyanine green retention at 15 min, was better in the HBV group (17.5 %) than in the HCV group (25.4 %). A higher proportion of the HBV group (55 %) than the HCV group (44 %) had clinical stage I. T-factor differed significantly between the groups: 53 % of the HBV group were T3 - 4 compared with 41 % of the HCV group. Furthermore, a higher proportion of the HBV group was graded 2 - 3 for tumor thrombus in the portal vein (20.3 %) and had poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (7 %) compared with the HCV group (7.1 % and 5 % respectively). Univariate analysis identified poor prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma as HBV, age < or = 50 year, clinical stage II-III, a high AFP level, higher number of tumors, larger tumor size, tumor thrombus in the portal vein 2 - 3 and in the hepatic vein 2 - 3. On multivariate analysis, poor prognostic factors were a high AFP level, a higher number of tumors, and tumor thrombus in the portal vein 2 - 3 and in the hepatic vein 2 - 3, but not HBV, age, clinical stage, or tumor size. In the multiple logistic regression models on the hepatitis infection, the OR for ASAT was 2.01 (95 % CI 1.41 - 6.91), statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that HBV itself is not a stronger prognostic factor than HCV.
Association of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plague with Lipid Profiles in a High-Stroke Risk Population
Authors: Bataa Ulziisaikhan , Tsagaankhuu Delgermaa , Oidovdorj Gansuvd , Guntev Tsagaankhuu
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between lipid profiles, carotid intima-media thickness and plaques in a Mongolian high-stroke-risk population. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with Mongolian adults who underwent interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory testing from May through November 2022 at the Mongolia-Japan and Enerel hospitals. The subjects with a high risk of stroke were selected according to Framingham Stroke Risk Score (FSRS). Carotid ultrasonography was then performed on the high-stroke-risk participants. Results: Overall, 78 subjects with a high risk of stroke out of 280 participants were ultimately included in the analysis. Carotid plaques were identified in 43 (55.1 %) and thickened cIMT in 68 (87.2 %). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that non-HDL-C (B = 0.434, p < 0.05) was an independent determinant of cIMT, whereas non-HDL-C/HDL-C (OR 8.335, 95 % CI, 2.984 - 23.287, p = 0.009) and LDL-C (OR 9.085, 95 % CI, 1.490 - 55.409, p = 0.017) had the strongest association with carotid plague. Conclusions: These findings indicate that non-HDL-C was an independent risk factor for cIMT. Among the lipid profiles, non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C level have the strongest association with carotid plaques in the Mongolian high-stroke-risk population.
Paranasal Sinuses Anatomic Variants and its Association with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Mongolia
Authors: Enkhtaivan Altandush , Enkhbat Bayarmaa , Lkhagvasuren Bayarmagnai , Narantsolmon Gan-Erdene , Palamdorj Ganchimeg , Luvsandagva Byambasuren , Luvsandagva Byambasuren
Published: November 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain the prevalence of nasosinus anatomic variations in a Mongolian population and to understand their importance and impact on the disease process, as well as their influence on surgical management and outcome. Methods: This study is a prospective review of retrospectively performed normal computed tomography (CT) scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the adult Mongolian population. Results: Of all CT scans that were reviewed, 53.7 % were of women patients and 46.3 % were of men patients. The mean age of the study sample was 45.6 ± 16.3 years. The most common anatomic variation after excluding Agger nasi cell was pneumatized crista galli, which was seen in 98.8 % of the scans. Anatomic variants with a potential impact on operative safety included Haller cell (13.3 %), concha bullosa (20.5 %), and paradoxical middle turbinate (27.3 %). In our study, we compared the measurements between the anterior ethmoid artery and adjacent anatomical structures in two groups. Conclusions: A wide range of regional differences in the prevalence of each anatomic variation exists. Understanding the preoperative CT scan is substantially important because it is the road map for the sinus surgeon. Detection of anatomic variations is vital for surgical planning and prevention of complications.
Pattern and Predictors of Death in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Mongolia: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Sainbayar Altanchimeg , Gombojav Davaa , Lundeg Ganbold , Mendsaikhan Naranpurev
Published: November 2023

Objective: Hospital death patterns and predictors can illustrate the general image of certain parameters of the healthcare system. Studies related to the pattern of in-hospital deaths in Mongolia are lacking. Thus, we aimed to determine the patterns and predictors of death among hospitalized adult patients in Mongolia in 2020. Methods: Data from 86 hospitals providing inpatient care in Mongolia were used. 1795 hospital deaths from 296,083 hospital admissions were analyzed between the 1st of January and the 30th of June 2020. Results: The mean age of the participants was 56.3 ± 15.3 years, 59.4 % were male, and the median hospital stay was 2.2 days. In this study, weekend admission, urban setting, older age, and male gender were significant predictors of in-hospital death. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender and weekend admission were significant predictors of in-hospital death. In addition, people who died at different levels of hospitals were significantly different by residency. Conclusions: Mongolian rural people who have acute illness are rarely died in hospital settings. Weekend admission, male gender, and urban setting were independent significant predictors while between-subject-effect of male gender and urban setting was highest on in-hospital death.
What Do We Know about Performance-Based Financing?
Authors: Baasandorj Lkhagvasuren , Lkhagvaa Battur , Tsagaankhuu Sarnai
Published: November 2023

As in other countries, health financing reform in Mongolia is based on the concept of universal coverage [1]. The Mongolia the Ministry of Finance of Mongolia with the technical assistance of the Asian Development Bank launched the “Health Sector Financing Improvement Project” in 2019-2022. This allows the need to achieve universal health coverage and to provide quality care and services that meet the health demands and needs of the people in an equally accessible way, without incurring financial risks [2,3]. Mongolia’s health care sector financing model has changed from an input-based financing model to an output-oriented model, and implemented the performance-based financing of health care and services as a reform [2]. Universal health coverage (UHC) is a growing policy priority in many countries, as well as a significant and increasing focus of attention at the international level, forming one of the targets of sustainable development goal 3 [4]. Performance‐based financing (PBF) or paying for performance (P4P) has received increased attention as a strategy for improving the performance of healthcare providers, organizations and governments since the early 2010s [5,6]. In PBF people are given money or other rewards if they carry out a particular task or meet a particular target [7]. This is a strategic purchasing mechanism which [8] becomes a common strategy to improve health sector quality [9].
Effectiveness of Adjunctive Therapies Following Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Tsegmid Narantsetseg , Dorjbal Delgerjargal , Erdenebileg Nasantogtokh , Shirmen Batchimeg , Zagd Gerelmaa , Avirmed Baljinnyam
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of intermittent vs. continuous adjunctive therapies following BoNT-A injections for children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 80 participants with CP who received adjunctive therapies including physiotherapy and functional electrical stimulation after BoNT-A injections. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, half of the participants received intermittently adjunctive therapies. In group B, adjunctive therapies were organized continuously for another half. We measured changes in spasticity and dynamic spasticity used by the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Modified Tardieu Scale, and gross motor function used the Gross Motor Function Measure-88. Measurement of spasticity was carried out pre-injections and then 1- and 3-months post-injections. Measurement of gross motor function was organized pre- and post-injections.Results: The effectiveness of BoNT-A injections presented significant improvement in spasticity and gross motor function when it was combined with adjunctive therapies. The continuous adjunctive therapies had a greater reduction of spasticity. Both intermittent and continuous adjunctive therapies had a significant improvement in gross motor function.Conclusions: Our findings add to the evidence of the effectiveness of using different intervals of short-term adjunctive therapies for children with CP after BoNT-A injections.
Anatomical and Physiological Basis of the Mongolian Khuumii
Authors: Tsagaankhuu Rentsendorj , Palamdorj Ganchimeg , Luvsandagva Byambasuren , Dagdanbazar Nyamdorj
Published: November 2023

Objectives: In order to examine each variety of khuumii used by Mongolians, this study compares the anatomical structures involved in the development of khuumii as well as the characteristics and patterns of their functioning.Methods: 50 people between the ages of 18 and 60 were chosen for the cross-sectional study, using a non-random sampling procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS23 software using questionnaires, X-ray, endoscopy, and acoustic analysis. Results: During the formation of khuumii sound, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, and lungs regulate the intensity of the air reaching the vocal folds, exert pressure on the airways and vibrate the sound waves through air flows passing through the larynx and vocal folds. The mouth-nose cavity as well as the pharynx are responsible for resonating the sound. Khuumii increases the workload of the cardiovascular system by 70-80%. Furthermore, the sound frequency is 2-4 times higher than that of normal speech, and sound volume is 0.5-1 times higher. 95.3% of throat singers do not have a sore throat, 88.4% do not experience heavy breathing, and 74.1% have no hoarseness. Conclusion: The Mongolian throat singing khuumii, including mixed voices and multivoice, iss related to the presence of dual vibration sound sources. Its high overtone form of singing (isgeree khuumii) is related to stenosis at the resonance chambers initiation site (ventricular folds level).
ANALYZING TRANSLATION STRATEGY OF ONLINE MEDIA’S NEWS CONTENT USING SKOPOS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: KARDIASA I MADE DWI , UDAYANA I NYOMAN , ARYANI I GUSTI AGUNG ISTRI
Published: November 2023

This research will answer the question and correlate it with the term of translation, especially through Indonesian to English. Using Skopos theory perspective, the researcher is able to analyze several functions and translation strategies that are used in translating the content of the news articles. Vermeer's Skopos theory has three important rules, namely the Skopos rule, the Coherence rule, and the Fidelity rule. Skopos theory will also bridge the choice of Bielsa's and Bassnett's translation strategies that are suitable for use in the English version of the Antaranews article. This research method is of the library research type, starting with the collection of 11 news articles from Antara in Indonesian and English, respectively. The Indonesian articles became the subject of source language research, while the English ones became the subject of target language research. Then each article was examined carefully, sentence by sentence in order to discover which translation strategy Bielsa and Bassnet models were used. To determine the translation strategy, the researcher integrates the Skopos theory which serves as an indicator of determination in the target language. Based on the research, it was found that Antara's news articles have implemented five kinds of translation strategies, namely: Changing Title and Lead, Removing Unnecessary Information, Adding Important Background Information, Changing the Order of Paragraphs, and Summarizing Information. The findings in the form of translation strategies that can be determined using Skopos theory in this study are expected to help research related to the world of translation at large.
PENGARUH LITERASI DIGITAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI MAHASISWA
Authors: Zakaria Achmad Rayhan
Published: November 2023

Kemampuan literasi digital sangat penting dan berpengaruh bagi para pelajar maupun mahasiswa khususnya di era digital. Untuk melatih kemampuan diperlukan juga kecerdasan emosional yang mumpuni untuk mengontrol emosi dan tingkah laku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh literasi digital dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar praktikum akuntansi sektor publik mahasiswa pendidikan akuntansi unesa dengan kecerdasan emosional sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis SEM. Populasi dari penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Akuntansi 2019 sebanyak 133 mahasiswa, dengan sampel jenuh yang menggunakan seluruh populasi. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer serta data sekunder. Hasil uji pengaruh tidak langsung yang dilakukan adalah literasi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar melalui kecerdasan emosional dengan coefficient path sebesar 0.144 dan p-value 0.006
PENGARUH QUARTER-LIFE CRISIS, PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, DAN ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERWIRAUSAHA DIGITAL
Authors: Fariski Aulia Safa , Pratiwi Vivi
Published: November 2023

Di era perkembangan teknologi yang pesat, kewirausahaan digital menjadi potensi peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan solusi untuk mengurangi pengangguran. Data menunjukkan mahasiswa lulusan perguruan tinggi minim minat dan keterampilan dalam berwirausaha. Keputusan berwirausaha dipengaruhi oleh permasalahan individu saat memasuki fase quarter-life crisis serta pendidikan kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh quarter-life crisis, pendidikan kewirausahaan dan entrepreneurial self-efficacy terhadap keputusan berwirausaha digital. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif melalui pengujian hipotesis dengan pengambilan sampel yang menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa fakultas ekonomika dan bisnis universitas negeri surabaya sebanyak 53 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Analisis data dan pengolahan menggunakan analisis deskriptif melalui analisis regresi linier berganda pada software SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian ini adalah quarter-life crisis tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berwirausaha digital, pendidikan kewirausahaan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berwirausaha digital, entrepreneurial self-efficacy berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berwirausaha digital, dan quarter-life crisis, pendidikan kewirausahaan dan entrepreneurial self-efficacy secara berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berwirausaha digital