bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cásina: um desejo picante
Authors: Rocha Carol Martins da
Published: June 2015

As usually occurs in Plautus’ comedy, in Casina the search for pleasure is an important motif of the plot. However in this play pleasure is represented – whether figuratively, whether more directly – in a particular mood. Besides a very recurrent use of metaphors and images related to scents and flavoring, there are notorious much more explicit (and not so commonly found in Plautine texts) mentions to the erotic desire and sexual intercourse. Evincing the uarietas in which pleasure is referred to in Casina, this article aims to reflect on how such a representation affects the composition of the Plautine plot. In Casina some sexual references also contribute to allude to another kind of pleasure: the one that comes from theater, represented in this comedy by a play-within-a-play.
Poetam vincit amor: Eros no Livro dos Epodos de Horácio
Authors: Hasegawa Alexandre Pinheiro
Published: June 2015

This paper intends to show the importance of Eros in the Epodes. First of all, it is necessary to study the structure of the book: in the first part (1-10), ten poems in a combination of iambic lines (an iambic trimeter followed by an iambic dimeter); in the second part (11-17), seven poems in various combinations. In this part, when the poet introduces new meters, Eros appears in the book and conquers the poet, modifying the poetry.
Afamada estória: “Famigerado” (primeiras estórias) e o canto IX da Odisseia
Authors: Werner Christian
Published: June 2015

Abstract: This paper presents as interpretation of the short-story “Famigerado” by João Guimarães Rosa (Primeiras estórias) and the Polyphemus’ episode in Homer’s Odyssey based on many common elements: the smart use of language; an adjective related to fame that occupies a central place in the story (“famigerado”; “polyphêmos”); a hospitality scene structuring the story; and the dialectic movement between violence and cunning.
“Semejante a la noche”, Homero y Carpentier: recreación y transgresión
Authors: Cancela Elina Miranda
Published: June 2015

Resumo: O relato “Semejante a la noche”, de Alejo Carpentier, provocou em seu tempo reações adversas em quem o interpretava como negação da história, visão revogada posteriormente. Com uma análise centrada nas ressonâncias homéricas, não limitadas ao símile do título, mas postas em evidência na própria estrutura e seleção dos recursos narrativos, oferecem-se elementos para uma melhor compreensão dos pressupostos e objetivos a que se propusera o autor.
Adamantios Coray et ses corrections inédites sur Lucien: le ms. Chios 490, p. 455-576
Authors: Karavas Orestes
Published: June 2015

No presente artigo, apresentam-se 254 das quase 1200 correções de Adamantios Coray sobre o texto de Luciano, as quais, contudo, continuam inéditas e escritas à mão em três lugares diferentes: nos manuscritos 379 e 490 de Quios e às margens da editio Bipontina, que o mesmo Coary consultava. Escolhemos as correções que não foram propostas por nenhum filólogo até o presente momento. Muitas delas iluminam algumas passagens obscuras e incompreensíveis do corpus luciânico, e põem em evidência os profundos conhecimentos da língua e da literatura gregas por Coray, assim como sua surpreendente intuição linguística
Estácio, Silvas 2.5
Authors: Natividade Everton , Moura Fernanda Messeder
Published: June 2015

A translation into Portuguese of Siluae 2.5 by Publius Papinius Statius (ca. 40-50 AD – ca. 95 AD) is offered along with a presentation of the author and a few relevant critical assumptions. The poem, titled Leo mansuetus (“The Tame Lion”), is a poetic portrayal of the animal’s death in an arena spectacle, but above all it depicts – something rather unusual in the consolatio mode – the emperor being moved by the sight thereof.
Héracles/Ôgmio: nas encruzilhadas do regime de memória romano
Authors: Arantes Júnior Edson
Published: June 2015

Cet article analyse l’opuscule de Lucien de Samosate intitulé Héraclès, du point de vue des recherches sur le régime de mémoire romain. Le texte révèle la croisée des cultures dans laquelle l’écrivain syrien s’inscrivait et documente des frictions et des procéssus de résistence identitaires dans l’Empire. De ce point de vue, il est suggéré que Lucien dialogue avec la culture politique de son époque et exprime la position d’un groupe sur l’usage politique de l’image d’Héraclès par l’Empéreur.
O desenvolvimento da arquitetura gótica a partir da filosofia escolástica
Authors: Freitas Eduardo Pacheco
Published: June 2015

This paper aims to explore the onset and peak of the development of Gothic architecture, religious art and architecture eminently urban, between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the medieval West, in a socio-religious Catholic hegemony. The message sent to the faithful through the Gothic architecture, replacing Romanesque, indicates in this case a major change in mindset, since we consider the importance of semiotics in art, architecture and urban space.
Los períodos hipotéticos como recurso argumentativo en epigramas atribuidos a Luciano de Samosata
Authors: Robbio Matías Sebastían Fernandez
Published: June 2015

Espalhados em seis livros da Antologia Grega acham-se sessenta e quatro epigramas atribuídos a Luciano de Samósata. Analisa- se aqui uma seleção de catorze deles, que apresentam períodos hipotéticos: X.30, X.31, X.35, X.41, X.45, XI.129, XI.274, XI.396, XI.404, XI.420, XI.430, XI.431, XI.434, XVI.163. Focar-nos-emos no estudo dessa estrutura sintática a partir de três perspectivas: a morfologia e a sintaxe da língua grega, a prosódia e o uso retórico dos períodos hipotéticos, ao qual o autor recorre como estratégia argumentativa.
La portée rhétorique et littéraire des Prolaliai chez Lucien, dans Herodotus, Scytha et Harmonides
Authors: Vix Jean-Luc
Published: June 2015

O artigo se propõe a explorar os procedimentos adotados por Luciano em certos discursos breves, as prolaliaí, destinadas a captar a benevolência do público. Parece que, se o rétor de Samósata emprega de bom grado tópoi nestes textos, ele não é, contudo, tributário das regras estabelecidas que se aprendem nas escolas de retórica. A investigação tenta evidenciar paralelos, na composição e no objetivo dos discursos, bem como nos exercícios escolares, os progymnásmata, que lhes são aplicados. A escrita de Luciano parece, assim, claramente ligada aos preceitos dos teóricos da retórica, mas, além das aparências formais, também se ocultam dissonâncias entre as diferentes prolaliaí, o que as particulariza. É à descoberta dessas tonalidades próprias a cada obra que se vincula o artigo em uma segunda parte, intentando descobrir a originalidade de cada gesto de escrita. São, ainda, metas descobrir sua particularidade, sua tonalidade própria, bem como a singularidade de Luciano no seio da Segunda Sofística.
Progress with Closed-loop Systems in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Leelarathna Lalantha , Hovorka Roman ,   Clinical Research Associate,   Principal Research Associate, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge
Published: June 2015

Automated insulin delivery by means of a glucose-responsive closed-loop system has often been cited as the ‘holy grail’ of type 1 diabetes management. Reflecting the technological advances in interstitial glucose measurements and wider use of continuous glucose monitoring, recent research in closed-loop glucose control has focused on the subcutaneous route for glucose measurements and insulin delivery. The primary aim of such systems is to keep blood glucose within the target range while minimising the risk of hypoglycaemia with minimal input from the user. This article examines recent developments in the field of interstitial glucose measurement, limitations of the current generation of devices and implications on the performance of closed-loop systems. Clinical results and the advantages and disadvantages of different closed-loop configurations are summarised. Potential future advances in closed-loop systems are highlighted.
Cardiovascular Consequences of a Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1
Authors: Mittag Jens ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute
Published: June 2015

Thyroid hormone has long been known for its profound direct effects on the cardiovascular system, but its interactions with the autonomic nervous system controlling cardiac activity still remain enigmatic. Recently, mice heterozygous for a mutant thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1+/m) have been generated and their analysis has provided new insights into the actions of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system. The mutant TRα1 caused many symptoms resembling hypothyroidism, such as bradycardia, as well as reduced contraction and delayed relaxation time of isolated cardiomyocytes. While no abnormalities were detected in the autonomic regulation of the basal heart rate using pharmacological denervation, an impaired adjustment of the autonomic nervous system could be observed in TRα1+/m mice on activity, stress or increased temperature. The results thus confirm the important role of TRα1 in maintaining the intrinsic properties of the heart and demonstrate a novel role for TRα1 in the adaptations of the autonomic nervous system controlling the heart rate under non-baseline conditions.
Pioglitazone in Combination with Insulin – An Overview of Results from PROactive
Authors: Charbonnel Bernard ,   Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Nantes and Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hôtel Dieu, University Hôspital of Nantes
Published: June 2015

Pioglitazone provides one of several add-on therapy options for patients with unsatisfactory glycaemic control treated with insulin. Although pioglitazone has the beneficial feature of low hypoglycaemia risk, it has an overlapping adverse event profile with insulin in terms of oedema (with the potential to exacerbate heart failure) and weight gain, leading to possible concern over their use in combination. Fortunately, subgroup analyses from the PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive) have provided valuable insights into the efficacy and safety profile of pioglitazone in patients on established insulin therapy. Pioglitazone improved glycaemic control and lipids, while enabling patients to reduce their insulin requirements. Oedema and weight were predictable with no excess exacerbation of heart failure with the combination. Importantly, pioglitazone had a good macrovascular safety profile (with a trend towards benefit), consistent with the overall population. This article provides an overview of the results from the insulin-treated subgroup in PROactive and highlights some of the clinical implications for pioglitazone–insulin combination therapy.
Gonadotrophic Hormones – An Overview of their Involvement in Gonadal and Extragonadal Tumours
Authors: Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Alevizaki Maria ,   Professor of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London,   Professor of Endocrinology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, and Department of Medical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine
Published: June 2015

The concept of the direct involvement of gonadotrophins in tumorigenesis has been around for a long time. First, because the gonads are direct targets of gonadotrophin action, their tumours have been proposed to be gonadotrophin-dependent. Second, the recent findings of gonadotrophin receptors in extragonadal tissues has prompted the hypothesis that some extragonadal tumours (e.g. breast, uterus, prostate, pituitary and adrenal) could also be under the direct regulatory action of gonadotrophins. However, although supported by numerousin vitroexperiments and experimental animal models, the clinical evidence for a direct tumorigenic role of gonadotrophins remains weak. The purpose of this brief review is to present a critical evaluation of current information, both clinical and experimental, about the involvement of gonadotrophins in the induction and growth of gonadal and extragonadal tumours.
Degludec – First of a New Generation of Insulins
Authors: Rycke Anja De , Mathieu Chantal ,   Research Fellow,   Professor of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven
Published: June 2015

Diabetes is associated with several serious chronic complications, impacting quality of life and health costs and decreasing survival. These complications can be reduced by obtaining an adequate glycaemic control. The use of current insulin preparations, however, is associated with many disadvantages, leading to suboptimal use and hence decreased efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new types of basal insulin analogues, providing a very stable and long basal insulin supply. Degludec and Degludecplus, a combination of degludec and a short-acting insulin analogue, are the first developed new insulin formulations fulfilling these criteria. Promising Phase II and preliminary Phase III data have shown that this new therapy is both efficacious and safe. In combination with a healthy lifestyle, this new generation of insulin might become the new standard of care in type 1 and 2 diabetes, reducing both fatal and non-fatal complications and improving quality of life.
Diagnosis and Management of Acromegaly in 2012
Authors: Katznelson Laurence ,   Professor of Medicine and Neurosurgery, Stanford University
Published: June 2015

Acromegaly is an insidious disease that, in most cases, is a result of a pituitary adenoma that hypersecretes growth hormone (GH). The goals of therapy are to control excess GH secretion and tumour growth, and to limit, if not reverse, the long-term medical consequences and risk of premature mortality associated with acromegaly. Surgery is the preferred primary therapeutic option because it can lead to rapid reductions in GH levels and prevent mass effects from local tumor growth. Medical therapy, including somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists, and the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant, is used most often in an adjuvant, secondary role for patients in whom surgery has been unsuccessful. Radiation therapy is most commonly recommended in the setting of failed surgery and lack of adequate control with medical therapy. A role of primary medical therapy for de novo patients has been proposed, particularly with somatostatin analogues. Using a multimodality approach, successful management of the disease and associated consequences should be achieved in the majority of subjects.
Understanding the Immunology of Type 1 Diabetes – An Overview of Current Knowledge and Perspectives for the Future
Authors: Piya Anil , Michels Aaron W ,   Pediatric Endocrinology Fellow,   Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, US
Published: June 2015

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from the immune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. It is now a predicable disease in humans with the measurement of islet autoantibodies. Despite the ability to assess disease risk, there is no cure for type 1 diabetes and treatment requires lifelong insulin administration. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are at risk of long-term complications of the disease and the development of concomitant autoimmune disorders. Our understanding of the immunology of diabetes has increased greatly over the last decade at a basic science level, with translation to type 1 diabetes patients. Therapies are emerging to prevent beta cell destruction in these patients. This article centres around our current understanding of the immunology of type 1 diabetes, with a focus on immune intervention for the prevention and ultimate cure of the disease.
Fatigue in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes – An Overview of Current Understanding and Management Approaches
Authors: Fritschi Cynthia , Fink Anne M ,   Assistant Professor,   Research Associate, Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois, US
Published: June 2015

Patients with type 2 diabetes often experience fatigue, which impacts their self-care and quality of life. There are few data supporting a relationship between fatigue and glucose homeostasis, but fatigue in type 2 diabetes has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI), depression, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances and chronic low-grade inflammation. Although links between fatigue and inflammation are documented in other disease populations, little is known about inflammatory mechanisms specific to type 2 diabetes and associated treatment modalities for type 2 diabetes-related fatigue. Herein we review existing knowledge about fatigue in type 2 diabetes and potential pharmacological and behavioural therapies.
AGE, RAGE and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Daroux MaÏté , Grossin Nicolas , Boulanger Eric ,   Physician, Biology of Ageing Laboratory, University Hospital of Lille, Lille and Department of Nephrology, Duchenne Hospital, Boulogne-sur-Mer Cedex, France,   Postdoctoral Researcher, Biology of Ageing Laboratory, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France,   Professor of Ageing Biology and Geriatrics, Head of the Ageing Biology Team, Lille 2 University School of Medicine, Lille, France
Published: June 2015

Diabetes is a disease that is present worldwide and which is associated with a large number of potential complications including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several factors have been implicated in the development of the latter, including advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are formed from the interaction between sugar and proteins. AGE toxicity may be triggered via different mechanisms, especially by receptor binding. Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of AGEs in all renal structures (vessels, glomeruli, tubules and the interstitium). They appear to be involved in the exacerbation of renal injury observed during diabetic nephropathy. At present, no specific treatment is yet available, although several therapeutic approaches are under development.
The Relationship Between Periodontitis and Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Allen Edith M , Chapple Iain L ,   Lecturer, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Cork, Ireland,   Professor of Periodontology and Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Published: June 2015

Periodontitis is a chronic, inflammatory condition in the tissues surrounding teeth that is stimulated by dental plaque bacteria and results in the destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis that is related to underlying glycaemic control. It has been suggested that the presence of chronic periodontal inflammation has a converse and negative effect on glycaemic control in diabetes with most evidence emerging from studies of type 2 diabetes. This article reviews the evidence from cohort, prospective and meta-analysis studies that have been conducted to examine the relationship between periodontitis and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and suggests underlying pathogenic mechanisms that may explain the relationship between these conditions.
The Use of Sorafenib in the Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zygulska Aneta L , Krzemieniecki Krzysztof , Staszczak Anna Sowa ,   Senior Lecturer,   Associate Professor,   Associate Professor, Endocrinological Department, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
Published: June 2015

There are not effective therapies for metastatic unresectable, non-RAI-avid thyroid carcinomas. Fortunately, thyroid carcinomas represent a promising paradigm for targeted therapy due to the presence of activing mutations of genes coding the kinase tyrosines which are involved in all functions of cancer cells (such as: growth or invasion). In this paper an efficacy and toxicity of sorafenib, one of the multi-kinase inhibitors in thyroid carcinomas treatment is presented.
Short-term Withdrawal of Levothyroxine, Induced Increase of Thyroid-stimulating Hormone and an Increase Ratio of Triiodothyronine to Thyroxine
Authors: Carlwe Martin , Schaffer Thomas ,   Department of Medicine, Halland County Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden,   Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Published: June 2015

Objective:Treatment with levothyroxine in primary hypothyroid patients does not always provide complete regression of associated symptoms despite normalised TSH levels. Several sources report ratios of triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) are diminished in hypothyroid patients following a daily levothyroxine regimen. It is known that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases de-iodination of T4 to T3. We hypothesise that a raise in TSH levels caused by a temporary withdrawal of oral levothyroxine will be followed by an increased conversion of T4 to T3.Methods:Thirteen patients treated with monotherapy of levothyroxine were included in our pilot study. Treatment was temporarily discontinued for one week in which TSH, free T3 (fT3) and free T4 (fT4) were monitored. TSH and fT3 to fT4 ratios were compared with baseline values.Results:Statistically significant elevations in TSH and fT3 plasma levels relative to fT4 were demonstrated in all patients after withdrawal of levothyroxine.Conclusion:Both TSH and fT3 to fT4 ratios rose following temporary discontinuation of levothyroxine. The effect on symptoms and quality of life is not evaluated in this pilot study. Our results warrant further investigation into whether or not longer dosing intervals would demonstrate commensurate hormone elevations that better reflects the hormonal ratios in healthy subjects and if this also has an effect on quality of life scores.
Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency – Current Concepts on their Impact on Pregnancy
Authors: McAree Trixie ,   Consultant Midwife, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
Published: June 2015

Both obesity and vitamin D deficiency are linked to morbidity and ultimately mortality. Vitamin D sufficiency is believed to confer many health benefits; however, with the exception of the classic functions related to bone health these are not yet well understood, especially in relationship to pregnancy and infant health outcomes.1Conversely, insufficiency is associated with adverse health outcomes, which are consequently related to public health concerns that arise from these and these need addressing.2,3While the links between health and vitamin D are being considered and researched, there are an increasing number of reports that demonstrate vitamin D deficiency is prevalent particularly among people who are darker skinned, those who live at latitudes above 52°, and are therefore exposed to reduced sunlight especially in the autumn and winter months, those who through lifestyle choices cover their bodies, preventing sunlight exposure, and in obese people.3–6Obesity is also of growing concern. Health journalists and academics sometimes dramatically refer to ‘obesity epidemics,’ which is not surprising as over one-third of Americans are obese.7–9This problem, if not addressed, will lead to adverse health outcomes for individuals as well as being a long-term burden both to families and society.10–11It is interesting to note that both vitamin D deficiency and obesity have shared risks for mortality and morbidity including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory problems, cancer and musculoskeletal disease. This paper considers current concepts and the links between obesity and vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy seeking to determine whether being vitamin D deficient and obese is simply double trouble, where both are present, or whether there are there other factors that need further exploration, reviewing the associated implications for practice.12–15
The Role of Fructose, Sucrose, and High-fructose Corn Syrup in Diabetes
Authors: Cozma Adrian I , Sievenpiper John L ,   Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,   Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,   Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,   Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,   Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Published: June 2015

Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners. Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety. Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide. This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure. Although prospective cohort studies have shown significant associations comparing the highest with the lowest levels of intake sugar-sweetened beverages, these associations are small, do not hold at moderate levels of intake and are subject to collinearity effects from related dietary and lifestyle factors. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and, in the case of fructose, may even have advantages for glycaemic control, especially at small doses. Nevertheless, trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects, effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar. There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects, although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets. Further investigation is warranted due to the significant knowledge gaps and weaknesses in existing research.
Osteoporosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients – An Emerging Clinical Concern
Authors: Maffezzoni Filippo , Porcelli Teresa , Karamouzis Ioannis , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia , Castelli Francesco , Mazziotti Gherardo , Giustina Andrea ,   Clinical Fellow, Division of Endocrinology,   Endocrinologist, Division of Endocrinology,   Endocrinologist, Division of Endocrinology,   Clinical Researcher, Division of Infectious Diseases,   Full Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases,   Assistant Professor, Division of Endocrinology,   Full Professor, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
Published: June 2015

The advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients transforming the HIV infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disease. As the number of older HIV-infected individuals increases, several ageing-related co-morbidities including osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures have emerged. Patients exposed to HIV infection and its treatment may develop fragility fractures with potential significant impact on quality of life and survival. However, the awareness of HIV-related skeletal fragility is still relatively low and most HIV-infected patients are not investigated for osteoporosis and treated with anti-osteoporotic drugs in daily clinical practice. This article reviews the literature data on osteoporosis and osteopenia in HIV infection, focusing on the pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of fragility fractures.
Performance Evaluation of Direct Torque Control with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Singh Jaswant , Singh Bindeshwar , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: June 2015

The direct torque control theory has achieved great success in the control of permanent magnet synchronous motor. A Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is presented. Based on in-depth analysis of PMSM mathematical model in abc frame and  frame are established and the operation principle of DTC-SVPWM system, the relationships between the torque and fundamental components. A novel space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method which has a feature of low harmonic is proposed. The proposed method is adopted to implement the direct torque control (DTC) of a three-phase PMSM. A large number of simulation results show that the DTC System of PMSM has fast response and good dynamic performance. Aiming at the direct torque control in PMSM Drives, in this paper explained the theoretical basis of the direct torque control (DTC) for PMSM firstly. Then explained the difference between the applications of DTC-SVPWM to PMSM. Finally the MATLAB/Simulink models were developed to examine the DTC- SVPWM for PMSM. The simulation results is presented in this paper.
Performance Evaluation of Brick Chips as Coarse Aggregate on the Properties of Bituminous Mixes
Authors: Rasel H. M. , Sobhan M. A. , Rahman M. N.
Published: June 2015

In Bangladesh there is large area where stone aggregates are not available in the vicinity of road construction. Due to excessive cost on transportation of stone aggregates, road construction becomes expensive. This leads to search of alternative materials for road construction in place of stone aggregate. The locally available over burnt brick-bats are the best alternative material against stone aggregates in bituminous mixes. The demand of natural stone aggregates can be reduced by fresh brick and waste brick from brick-kiln and demolished building respectively. But a very few researches have been carried out to investigate their suitability and limited information's is available about their performances. Thus, this paper describes the technical feasibility on application of the brick aggregates in road construction as an alternative against natural aggregate. An experimental investigation is carried out to evaluate the possible application of fresh brick and waste brick as coarse aggregate in bituminous concrete pavement design and to find out its design characteristics. The research program concentrated on the existing practices relating to use of bricks in road construction, use of crushed bricks in substitution of whole bricks and replacement of stone aggregate with crushed brick wherever economically feasible. The strength properties of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and Marshall Design properties of bituminous mixes were performed according to the test procedure specified by AASHTO. Dense bituminous mixes using compacted brick aggregate with 50 blows is found a feasible option from the standpoint of stability, stiffness, deformations and voids characteristics.
A Comparative Study of Satellite Orbits as Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
Authors: Vishwakarma Sandeep , Chauhan Aradhana S. , Aasma Shoeba
Published: June 2015

It is known facts that satellites are used to receive the signal at geostationary orbit by remaining stationary above a particular point on the Earth. The orbit that is chosen for a satellite depends upon its application. Those used for direct broadcast television use geostationary orbit. Many communication satellites similarly use geostationary orbit. Other satellite systems used for satellite phones use Low Earth orbiting systems. Similarly, satellite systems used for navigation like Nav-star or Global Positioning (GPS) system occupy a relatively Low Earth Orbit. There are also many other types of satellites : Weather satellites Research satellites and many others. Each will have its own type of orbit depending upon its application. The actual satellite orbit that is chosen will depend on factors including its function, and the area of serving. At some instances, the satellite orbit may be as low as 100 miles (160 km) for a Low Earth Orbit (LEO), whereas others may be over 22 000 miles (36000 km) high as in the case of a Geostationary Orbit (GEO). The satellite may even has an elliptical rather than a circular orbit.
Современные принципы деловой переписки с использованием электронной почты
Authors: Абрамов Егор Геннадьевич
Published: June 2015

В статье представлена авторская подборка рекомендаций для деловой переписки с использованием электронной почты в целях общего повышения эффективности делового общения.
Проблемы измерения публикационной активности российских вузов в интернете
Authors: Антопольский Александр Борисович
Published: June 2015

Описывается использование технологии Google Scholar для измерения публикационной активности образовательных учреждений в пространстве Интернет. Предлагаемый показатель иногда называется «научностью» сайтов.
Указывается на аналогичный опыт Вебометрического рейтинга университетов мира. Приводится классификация вузов, которая может обеспечить сравнимость результатов измерения за счет выделения однородных групп вузов.
Приводятся результаты измерения показателя научности для официальных сайтов российских вузов. Результаты интерпретируются с учетом предлагаемой классификации.
Грамотность научного текста: концептуальные расхождения между Россией и Западом и их последствия
Authors: Короткина Ирина Борисовна
Published: June 2015

Автор опирается на многолетний опыт преподавания академического письма на английском и русском языке и написания научных текстов на обоих языках и знакомит читателя с ключевыми понятиями, которые используются в программах академического письма англоязычных стран и служат для создания академически грамотного текста. В статье автор анализирует основные ошибки российских авторов с точки зрения требований, которые предъявляют к научным текстам зарубежные рецензируемые научные журналы.
Предпосылки и история создания междисциплинарного научного и прикладного журнала "Биосфера", выходящего в свет в Санкт-Петербурге, его своеобразие и проблемы
Authors: Слепян Эрик Иосифович
Published: June 2015

В статье описана история создания и развития междисциплинарного научного и прикладного журнала «Биосфера»: определение проблематики журнала, формирование редакционной коллегии, поиск финансирования, организация работы.
Time-Dependent Initiation of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures in a Formation With Varying Stresses and Strength
Authors: Bunger Andrew P. , Lu Guanyi
Published: June 2015

The premise of classical hydraulic-fracture-breakdown models is that hydraulic-fracture growth can only start when the wellbore pressure reaches a critical value that is sufficient to overcome the tensile strength of the rock. However, rocks are well-known to exhibit static fatigue; that is, delayed failure at stresses less than the tensile strength. In this paper, we explore the consequences of delayed failure on axially oriented initiation of multiple hydraulic fractures. Specifically, given a certain breakdown pressure, we investigate the conditions under which subsequent hydraulic fracture(s) can begin within the time frame of a stimulation treatment in regions of higher stress and/or strength because of delayed-failure mechanisms. The results show that wells completed in shallower formations are more sensitive to variations in strength, whereas wells completed in deeper formations are more sensitive to variations in stress. Furthermore, cases in which all hydraulic fractures break down according to the same pressurization regime—that is, all are “fast” (nonfluid-penetrating) pressurization or else all are “slow” (uniformly pressurized fluid-penetrating) pressurization cases—are highly sensitive to small stress/strength variability. On the other hand, if the first hydraulic-fracture initiation is in the “fast”-pressurization regime and subsequent fracture(s) are in the “slow”-pressurization regime, then the system is robust to a much-higher degree of variability in stress/strength. Practically, this work implies that methods aimed at moderately reducing the variability in stress/strength among the possible initiation points (i.e., perforation clusters) within a particular stage can have a strong effect on whether multiple hydraulic fractures will begin. In addition, this analysis implies that pumping strategies that encourage “fast,” nonpenetrative breakdown of the first initiation point followed by the opportunity for fluid-penetrating, “slow” breakdown of subsequent initiation points could be effective at encouraging multiple-hydraulic-fracture initiation.
Management in Ergonomics. A Tool to Enhance Results in Engineering Projects. Industry Case: Petrochemical in Colombia
Authors: Gil J. L. , Córdoba J. E. , Quintana L. A. , Nisperuza O. Bernal
Published: June 2015

Develop and manage a project seeking an optimum control of resources to achieve a series of objectives is a multidisciplinary task. Engineering seeks to align said management to a global trend to ensure that the specific capacities, limitations, demands and requirements of human beings have been taken into account from the initial concepts of design through ergonomics. This discipline, used as a managing tool and commonly known as Human Factors Engineering (HFE), allows an early approach that systematically outlines the problem to solve, focusing all efforts to the control of the source and not on future corrective solutions. Several industrial sectors have estimated the costs associated to ergonomic shortcomings in social terms (health of employees, occupational diseases) economic terms (low productivity, corporate restructuring, design and construction of facilities), and in the worst case scenario loss of life, permanent disability, days of healthy life lost and significant material damage in facilities. The following article presents the case of how successful the application of a system of ergonomics management was for the Colombian oil company, Ecopetrol SA, emphasizing on the development of this system in early project management. Presented below are the most important findings related to revision of projects of different nature and type of business, including transportation, production and refining for industrial and non-industrial facilities. The results have been presented as opportunities for improvement that allow corroboration and may even be subject to impact measurement as the projects progress. The steps presented in the following paper may be applied in engineering project in general.
Dispersion of Relief and Leaked Hazardous Gases on Offshore Facilities
Authors: Lu J.. , Filippov A.. , Marcancola F.. , Rosales V..
Published: June 2015

Hazardous gases, such as H2S and CO2, present high risks for health, safety, and environment on and near offshore facilities. In recent years, it has become more important to evaluate the pollution and process safety for dispersion of the leaked and relieved hazardous gases during an offshore operation. The primary focus of this work is to estimate the dispersed gas concentration levels around the potential release sources on offshore facilities. Computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to study H2S/CO2 dispersion behavior. In the simulations, the Realizable k-є model for turbulence was used for the multicomponent gas flow, and the species-diffusion equation was solved for the gas-dispersion calculation. Parallel simulations were used to accelerate the computing time because system meshing generally has 1 to 2 million nodes. A series of scenarios was designed for the potential leak and relief locations, such as surface well testing (SWT) areas, relief lines (overboard), and flare boom, and with different wind directions, speeds, and gas-leak rates. The worst case scenarios were further studied. The results yielded 3D gas concentration distributions, including critical safety-concentration level profiles, pollution coverage area, and height.
Integral Strategy for Drilling without Returns at Piedemonte Fields in Colombia
Authors: Franco R. S. , Herrera O.. , Pombo R.. , Ruiz C.. , Osorio H.. , Gomez J.. , Bustamante V.. , Erthard L..
Published: June 2015

After experiencing massive lost circulation in an exploratory well in Colombia, it became necessary to drill without returns and stop the job upon various occasions of waiting for water. Upon completion of the job, water uptake limits were exceeded and various community relation issues were encountered, increasing both operational costs and nonproductive time (NPT). By the next well, the operator decided to develop a strategic plan to drill the well with the same scenario in the same location, but using a comprehensive strategy to help reduce the volume of water uptake while managing community relations and associated costs. The operator achieved a drill section in the well from the surface to 2,800 total ft, without additional water uptake, in less time. The logistical plan was executed in the field successfully, complying with the allowable uptake water permitted by the licensure without exceeding uptake limits. No NPT or health, safety, or environmental (HSE) incidents occurred during operations. No penalties or breaches of licensure were committed. No damage to the environment occurred. The community felt fulfilled that operational management protected its resources and the operator achieved a savings of nearly USD one million compared to the previous well. This strategy allowed analyzing a drilling fluid system alternative involving the use of aerated fluids to improve the operation and minimize the necessity to uptake water. The logistical plan developed helped build structures that currently support the operations of nearby wells, providing operational savings to execute drilling operations in the same area. Using the lessons learned from this operation, the operator successfully drilled two additional wells in the same area, implementing similar strategies (use of aerated fluids system) and complying with outlined environmental regulations. This helped the operator reduce operational costs. All personnel involved during operations were mindful of environmental impact and the importance of compliance with outlined environmental regulations.
Solving Delays, Inefficiencies And Increased Safety Risks In Facilities: A Breathing Air Case Study
Authors: Dowd D.. , Wallace T. J. , Daher E..
Published: June 2015

The industry faces a number of challenges related to breathing air systems. Most high capacity breathing air systems typically have a large footprint and take up valuable real estate in an already crowded facility. Some operations require breathing air to support a large number of people simultaneously. Conventional cascade systems need to be replaced frequently with new, full cascades. This increases congestion and can potentially shut down work while the units are swapped out. There is also a high potential for costly accidents during transportation and when lifting cascades off the ground to elevated locations.

Conventional low volume breathing air solutions have very limited flexibility. This is a case study of a compact ten ft. by ten high pressure breathing air system that holds up to 68,000 standard cubic feet (scf) of breathing air. It was designed to enable fill-in-place technology. It also has high pressure lines that distributed breathing air to workers at elevated worksites. Through the fill-in-place technology, the system was able to eliminate work disruptions during air replacement. The cascade was refilled even as far as 300 ft away while personnel were using the system.

This case study presents an analysis of conventional and newer breathing air solutions and discusses in detail the significance of this innovation on how to deal with limitations and challenges facing the industry today. The case study outlines how to make facilities safer and more efficient by minimizing downtime, improving tool time and maintaining worksite safety at the highest possible levels.
Development of Bio-Oil Emulsion to Allow Realistic Testing of Oil Spill Control Equipment
Authors: Eyyubbayli T.. , Asheim H. A. , Kamyabi F.. , Gaaseidnes Knut , Svendsen Hugo
Published: June 2015

Accidental release of oil to the sea poses may have dire ecological consequences and serious economic ramifications, as recent events have shown. Spill control equipment as: booms, skimmers and oil trawls may protect sensitive areas and remove floating oil. This is subject to continuous technological development and innovation.

To support such development there is a pressing need to test new equipment under realistic conditions; in other words by release of oil to find out if can be successfully removed. Intentional release of crude oil to the sea will usually be taboo. If the crude is replaced by edible oil, reasons for restrictions are far less.

Subjected to wavy sea, most crudes will develop stable non-Newtonian emulsions of considerable stiffness. Using soybean oil and an emulsifier, stable bio-emulsion with similar density and rheological properties were developed. Microscopic image analyzes showed that the emulsions consisted of water droplets in the typical range 5-20 microns, surrounded by a thin oil film. The droplet approximately followed the lognormal distribution. The water content could be up to 70%, yet the emulsions were oil-continuous and very stable.

Obviously, the potential benefits of using such emulsions for equipment development and verification are high and the environmental impact probably small and possibly beneficial. So permission for limited tests at sea in August has been given by Norwegian authorities and was performed in north of the Vesterålen islands in September 2014.
Applied Advanced Control Systems for Electrostatic Dehydrators in the Upstream Oil Industry
Authors: Perez H. D. , Grandas G. Grandas , Perez-Rodriguez H..
Published: June 2015

A linear unconstrained model predictive control (MPC) scheme has been designed to optimize the operation of dual frequency electrostatic dehydrators in the Colombian Rubiales and Quifa oil fields. This multi-objective controller optimizes operation by maximizing the amount of daily oil production, while maintaining the base sediment and water (BS&W) specification at the exit of the electrostatic dehydrator at or below 1.0%.

The designed controller uses models that describe the dynamics of the dehydrator system to meet the objectives described above. The model of the entire system consists of two empirical sub-models: one for the crude-steam heat exchangers upstream of the electrotreater and one for the treater. Each of these models is used to design an MPC controller for the corresponding subsystem. The electrotreater MPC works as the master controller, dictating crude temperature setpoints to the exchanger MPC. The exchanger MPC then adjusts the vapor flow valve opening to obtain the optimum temperature for the outlet BS&W specification. The electrotreater controller also adjusts the treater inlet/outlet flows and the transformer voltage setpoints to meet the desired objectives.

This control scheme allows for 1) less variability in the output BS&W, 2) maximized daily crude oil production, and 3) tighter control. The decrease in BS&W variability helps ensure that the product quality control and increases the rate of oil production by minimizing the need for further oil dehydration steps. In terms of OPEX, financial benefits are obtained by optimizing the dehydrator operation due to the reduction in the amount of costly emulsion breaking chemicals used in this and other stages of the dehydration process to ensure an effluent BS&W specification of 1.0%. In terms of CAPEX, this control scheme minimizes the need for additional infrastructure necessary to further dehydrate the oil produced to pipeline specifications.

This is the first time such a control scheme is known to have been developed for oil dehydration facilities. The approach proposed in this paper makes further implementation of advanced control systems an intriguing and promising venture that includes benefits such as increased oil production and decreased operating and capital costs.