bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
W poszukiwaniu narzędzia diagnostycznego – ocena kompetencji językowej dzieci dwujęzycznych na etapie wczesnoszkolnym
Authors: Kyrc Barbara
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jak na przestrzeni edukacji przedszkolnej i wczesnoszkolnej rozwinęła się kompetencja językowa dzieci dwujęzycznych. Autorka bada poziom kompetencji językowej dwóch uczniów u końca edukacji wczesnoszkolnej, analizując jednocześnie dane dotyczące ich sytuacji szkolnej. Zgromadzony materiał porównuje z wynikami testów przeprowadzonych kilka lat wcześniej. Uzyskane próbki mowy potwierdzają, że rozwój kompetencji językowej dziecka bilingwalnego jest uzależniony od wielu czynników (psychofizycznych, środowiskowych, emocjonalnych), a jej pomiar, umożliwiający jednocześnie wskazanie obszarów, w których konieczna jest dodatkowa stymulacja, wymaga specjalnie przygotowanego do tego celu narzędzia diagnostycznego.
Kreatywny trening percepcji przed artykulacją – czyli ćwiczenia fonetyczne uwzględniające prawidłową drogę akwizycji. Uwagi na marginesie książki Ewy Kołaczek, Testuj swój polski – Fonetyka (Prolog, Kraków 2017, ss. 166)
Authors: Biernacka Michalina
Published: March 2019

Celem recenzji jest omówienie publikacji Testuj swój polski – Fonetyka autorstwa Ewy Kołaczek, najnowszego zbioru ćwiczeń fonetycznych do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego na poziomach biegłości A1–B1 w skali ESOKJ. Jakościowa analiza materiału, proponowanych typów ćwiczeń czy uporządkowania samych zagadnień pozwala uznać książkę za interesujący i dobry materiał do treningu zarówno słuchu mownego, jak i artykulacji.
New Classification of Collective Animal Behaviour as an Autonomous System
Authors: Niizato Takayuki , Sakamoto Kotaro , Mototake Yoh-ichi , Murakami Hisashi , Tomaru Takenori , Hoshika Tomotaro , Fukushima Toshiki
Published: March 2019

Integrated information theory (IIT) was initially proposed to describe human consciousness in terms of intrinsic, causal brain-network structures. This theory has the potential to be useful for conceptualising complex living systems. In a previous study, we analysed collective behaviour in Plecoglossus altivelis and found that IIT 3.0 exhibits qualitative discontinuity between three and four fish. Other measures like mutual information did not have such characteristics. In this study, we followed up on our previous findings and examined timescale effects on integrated information of collective behaviour. We found that a long timescale (1 s) causes Boid-like local interactions to dominate over interactions with the whole, but only when the group size is five at a given time scale (i.e. around 0.2 s). Interestingly, the most suitable time scale is roughly equal to fish reaction time. We used these data to propose a new classification for fish schools, with each size group being a unique and autonomous system, despite small group sizes.
On The Model Of Hyperrational Numbers With Selective Ultralter
Authors: Grigoryants Armen
Published: March 2019

In standard construction of hyperrational numbers using ultra-power we assume that the ultralter is selective. It makes possible toassign real value to any nite hyperrational number. So, we can consider hyperrational numbers with selective ultralter as extension of traditional real numbers. Also proved the existence of strictly monotonic or stationary representing sequence for any hyperrational number.
Acciones prioritarias para un programa nacional de detección, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con hepatitis C
Authors: Wolpert-Barraza Enrique , Muñoz-Hernández Onofre , Kershenobich-Stalnikowitz David , Hepatitis C en México Coalición para el estudio de la
Published: March 2019

En el escenario de la salud mexicana, la epidemia por virus de la hepatitis C se encuentra presente junto con sus co­morbilidades y mortalidad prematura. Actuar de manera inmediata permitirá una contención de la misma en el corto plazo dada la existencia de herramientas de prevención, diagnóstico y terapias farmacológicas altamente eficaces. La Coalición para el estudio de la hepatitis C en México ha desarrollado una postura donde aprovecha esas medidas de contención y presenta el desarrollo de un programa nacional para la detección, tratamiento oportuno y seguimiento de pacientes con hepatitis C.
Las creencias machistas de los docentes de educación física y su relación con la obesidad en los estudiantes
Authors: Núñez-Rivas Hilda Patricia , Holst-Schumacher Ileana , Campos-Saborío Natalia
Published: March 2019

[No disponible]
EFFICIENT ESTIMATORS OF POPULATION MEAN USING AUXILIARY INFORMATION UNDER SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
Authors: Subzar Mir , Maqbool Showkat , Raja Tariq Ahmad , Pal Surya Kant , Sharma Prayas
Published: March 2019

In the present study we have proposed an improved family of estimators for estimation of population mean using the auxiliary information of median, quartile deviation, Gini’s mean difference, Downton’s Method, Probability Weighted Moments and their linear combinations with correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation. The performance of the proposed family of estimators is analysed by mean square error and bias and compared with the existing estimators in the literature. By this comparison we conclude that our proposed family of estimators is more efficient than the existing estimators. To support the theoretical results, we also provide the empirical study.
A GENERALIZED EXPONENTIAL TYPE ESTIMATOR OF POPULATION MEAN IN THE PRESENCE OF NON-RESPONSE
Authors: Muneer Siraj , Shabbir Javid , Khalil Alamgir
Published: March 2019

In this article, we propose a class of generalized exponential type estimators to estimate the finite population mean by using two auxiliary variables under non-response in simple random sampling. The proposed estimator under non-response in different situations has been studied and gives minimum mean square error as compared to all other considered estimators. Usual exponential ratio type estimator, exponential product type estimator and many more estimators are also identified from the proposed estimator. We use three real data sets to obtain the efficiencies of estimators.
ON MEASURING POLARIZATION FOR ORDINAL DATA: AN APPROACH BASED ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF THE LETI INDEX
Authors: Mussini Mauro
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the measurement of polarization for ordinal data. Polarization in the distribution of an ordinal variable is measured by using the decomposition of the Leti heterogeneity index. The ratio of the between-group component of the index to the within-group component is used to measure the degree of polarization for an ordinal variable. This polarization measure does not require imposing cardinality on ordered categories to quantify the degree of polarization in the distribution of an ordinal variable. We address the practical issue of identifying groups by using classification trees for ordinal variables. This tree-based approach uncovers the most homogeneous groups from observed data, discovering the patterns of polarization in a data-driven way. An application to Italian survey data on self-reported health status is shown.
ANOTHER LOOK AT THE STATIONARITY OF INFLATION RATES IN OECD COUNTRIES: APPLICATION OF STRUCTURAL BREAK-GARCH-BASED UNIT ROOT TESTS
Authors: Yaya OlaOluwa S.
Published: March 2019

The need to understand the stationarity property of inflation of any country is paramount in the design of monetary targeting policy. In this paper, unit root hypotheses of inflation rates in 21 OECD countries are investigated using the newly proposed GARCH-based unit root tests with structural break and trend specifications. The results show that classical tests over-accept unit roots in inflation rates, whereas these tests are not robust to heteroscedasticity. As it is observed from the pre-tests, those tests with structural break reject more null hypotheses of unit roots of most inflation series than those without structural breaks. By applying variants of GARCH-based unit root tests, which include those with structural breaks and time trend regression specifications, we find that unit root tests without time trend give most rejections of the conventional unit roots. Thus, care should be taken while applying variants of the new unit root tests on weak trending time series as indicated in this work. Batteries of unit root tests for discriminating between stationarity and nonstationarity of inflation rates are recommended, since in the case of over-differenced series, wrong policy decision will be made, particularly when inflation series is considered in a cointegrating relationship with other variables.
Yield and Water Use in Almond under Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Collin Gabriel , Caron Jean , Létourneau Guillaume , Gallichand Jacques
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Maximum yields were obtained with wireless real‐time tensiometers initiating irrigation at –45 kPa.

A significant 16% reduction in water use relative to the grower control was achieved by initiating irrigation at –45 kPa with no yield reduction.

Almond crop is sensitive to water management, as being too wet (initiation at ‐35 kPa) or too dry (initiation at –55 kPa) reduced yield by about 11.0 and 11.3%, respectively.

In North America, almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] trees are grown almost exclusively in the Central Valley of California. Research on deficit irrigation is needed to improve water productivity. Real‐time technology assessing soil water potential to manage irrigation initiation has led to significant improvements in water productivity in other crops. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using real‐time tensiometry for irrigation to trigger irrigation events and to generate water savings without affecting crop yield. The yield responses and water consumption of mature almond trees were quantified from 2012 to 2015 for four different irrigation strategies in a commercial orchard located in the San Joaquin Valley in California. Three of the treatments were based on soil water potential threshold (SWPT) measurements and the fourth on the grower’s current management practices, which used estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The SWPT treatments were based on three different stress levels: wet (–35 kPa), medium (−45 kPa), and dry (−55 kPa). There was no significant difference in marketable yield between the grower irrigation strategy and the medium treatment, although the latter used 139 mm less water as a yearly average. In the dry treatment, there was 10% less water applied relative to the medium treatments and 30% less than the grower treatment but a 10% yield reduction compared with the medium and grower treatments. These results indicate that irrigation management for almond could be optimized by initiating irrigation at –45 kPa.
Simulating Winter Wheat Forage Production in the Southern United States Using a Forage Wheat Model
Authors: Woli P. , Rouquette F. M. , Smith G. R. , Long C. R. , Nelson L. R.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Winter wheat biomass had one‐phase exponential association with N application rate.

A finer, more fertile soil produced more biomass than a coarser, less fertile soil.

Biomass significantly decreased with a delay in planting for N rates ≥135 kg ha–1.

The effect of the initial drought on biomass was higher with an increase in N rate.

The reduction in biomass due to the terminal drought was greatest at 135 kg N ha–1.

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important component of pastures in the southern United States. This study examined winter wheat biomass responses to N application rate as influenced by soil type, planting date, drought, and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for the Pineywoods region of Texas using a new forage wheat model that had been incorporated into the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer suite of crop models. Biomass was simulated for various scenarios comprising two soils, three planting dates, seven N rates, and 74 yr of weather data. The biomass response to N rate was represented by a one‐phase exponential association. Biomass generally peaked at 135 kg N ha−1 on the finer, more fertile Lilbert soil and at 269 kg N ha−1 on the coarser, less fertile Darco soil. Biomass decreased with a delay in planting date at N rates ≥135 kg N ha−1 for Lilbert and ≥202 kg N ha−1 for Darco. The effect of drought during September to October was greater for a higher N rate, the Darco soil, and an earlier planting date. The effect of drought during March to April was greatest at 135 kg N ha−1 and greater on Darco, with up to 45% reduction in biomass compared with 35% on Lilbert. Biomass reduction was up to 45% for the mid‐October planting and 32% for the mid‐September planting. Winter wheat biomass yield was not significantly affected by ENSO. These findings might assist winter wheat forage growers in this region in identifying soil type–, planting date–, and weather‐specific N rates to optimize forage production.
Agricultural Practices for Growing Kenaf in Iowa: I. Morphology, Stem, and Fiber Yield
Authors: Bourguignon Marie , Moore Kenneth J. , Lenssen Andrew W. , Baldwin Brian S.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Two kenaf cultivars were compared for stem fiber yield under combinations of planting rate, row spacing, and N fertilization rate.

Tainung 2 produced greater stem fiber yield than Whitten.

Nitrogen fertilization rate did not influence stem fiber yield.

Stand density, core/bast fiber ratio, and basal stem diameter were influenced by three‐way interactions.

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a promising biorenewable resource for producing natural fibers but few studies have investigated the crop when grown in cooler climates, such as the American Midwest. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the agricultural practices (row spacing, seed, and N rates) leading to optimal kenaf dry matter (DM) stem and fiber yield in cultivars Tainung 2 and Whitten; (ii) evaluate stem height, basal diameter, and leaf area index (LAI) over the growing season; and (iii) assess the influence of management practices on fiber (bast and core lignocellulose) composition, and–2C, N, and total ash concentration. Kenaf cultivars Tainung 2 and Whitten were planted in Boone County, Iowa,–2in 2014 and 2015 at 247,000 or 371,000 seed ha−1, in 38‐cm or 76‐cm rows that received 0, 56, 112, 168, or 224 kg N ha−1. Stand density, core:bast fiber ratio, and basal stem diameter were influenced by three‐way interactions. Stem height at harvest was influenced by the main effects of row spacing, seeding rate, and N fertilization rate. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence stem DM yield, regardless of application rate. Kenaf is a promising multi‐purpose crop that could contribute to the natural fiber marker, as well as diversifying the landscape. Kenaf is well adapted to Iowa and can be produced with a range of management practices.
Current Insights into the Effectiveness of Riparian Management, Attainment of Multiple Benefits, and Potential Technical Enhancements
Authors: Stutter Marc , Kronvang Brian , Ó hUallacháin Daire , Rozemeijer Joachim
Published: March 2019

Buffer strips between land and waters are widely applied measures in diffuse pollution management, with desired outcomes across other factors. There remains a need for evidence of pollution mitigation and wider habitat and societal benefits across scales. This paper synthesizes a collection of 16 new primary studies and review papers to provide the latest insights into riparian management. We focus on the following areas: (i) diffuse pollution removal efficiency of conventional and saturated buffer strips, (ii) enhancing biodiversity of buffers, (iii) edge‐of‐field technologies for improving nutrient retention, and (iv) potential reuse of nutrients and biomass from buffers. Although some topics represent emerging areas, for other well‐studied topics (e.g., diffuse pollution), it remains that effectiveness of conventional vegetated buffer strips for water quality improvement varies. The collective findings highlight the merits of targeted, designed buffers that support multiple benefits, more efficiently interrupting surface and subsurface contaminant flows while enhancing diversity in surface topography, soil moisture and C, vegetation, and habitat. This synthesis also highlights that despite the significant number of studies on the functioning of riparian buffers, research gaps remain, particularly in relation to (i) the capture and retention of soluble P and N in subsurface flows through buffers, (ii) the utilization of captured nutrients, (iii) the impact of buffer design and management on terrestrial and aquatic habitats and species, and (iv) the effect of buffers (saturated) on greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for pollution swapping.

Core Ideas

We present an updated synthesis on riparian management incorporating insights from 16 new papers.

Topics cover diffuse pollution, biodiversity, new technologies, and biomass reuse.

The synthesis shows a move toward designed elements to improve riparian functions.
Humic Substances Extracted by Alkali Are Invalid Proxies for the Dynamics and Functions of Organic Matter in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Kleber Markus , Lehmann Johannes
Published: March 2019

The conceptual rigor of using organic materials extracted from soil by alkali, called humic substances, as proxies for soil organic matter has been questioned for almost 180 years. However, the humic substances paradigm, i.e., the understanding that alkali‐extracted humic substances are newly synthesized materials with unique properties that are distinct from non‐humic organic matter, continues to be propagated throughout the literature. Here, we revisit the mechanistic background of the extraction process to show that alkaline extraction is unable to discriminate for the chemical history of a compound. For this reason, alkaline extraction cannot distinguish between (i) materials that have undergone secondary synthesis or humification (“humic” substances), and (ii) materials that are decorated with ionizable functional groups for other reasons, such as oxidative depolymerization (“non‐humic” substances). While this mechanistic consideration alone renders invalid a distinction between humic substances and non‐humic substances based on alkaline extraction, we further show that the evidence available to date does not support the assumption that processes of secondary synthesis create quantitatively significant proportions of “chemically reactive, yet recalcitrant” materials in natural environments. Any definition of humic substances that invokes both alkaline extraction and secondary synthesis is thus flawed on at least two accounts: (i) alkaline extraction is unable to achieve its purpose of separating humic from non‐humic substances, and (ii) the assertion that the extracted materials have unique molecular properties as a consequence of secondary synthesis cannot be proven because alkaline extraction cannot separate materials created by secondary synthesis from other, ionizable organic compounds. Finally, we point out that since the definition of humic substances is tied to the alkaline‐extraction procedure, neither the existence of operationally defined humic substances in the environment nor their chemical integrity during the course of alkaline extraction can be independently verified. We conclude that organic materials extracted by alkali require appropriate nomenclature and rigorous definition to merit consideration in teaching, research, and application.

Core Ideas

Alkaline extraction cannot distinguish between humic substances and non‐humic substances.

Alkaline extraction cannot discriminate for products of secondary synthesis.

The humic paradigm needs to be set aside.
Breeding Progress, Adaptation, and Stability for Grain Yield in Moroccan Lentil Improved Varieties
Authors: Idrissi Omar , Sahri Ali , Houasli Chafika , Nsarellah Nasserelhaq
Published: March 2019

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important grain legume worldwide. It contributes to sustain farming through its ability to fix N in soils and to enhance human nutrition and health thanks to its nutritionally rich grains. In Morocco, it is consumed as staple food by a large proportion of the population. However, the country depends on importation to meet the national demand at the cost of losing valuable currencies. One of the factors limiting lentil production in Morocco is the availability and use of certified seeds of improved varieties. In this research, we aimed at evaluating genetic gain from breeding, adaptation and stability of available improved varieties to make recommendations aiming to enhance their use and adoption by farmers. We studied 9 registered varieties and two candidate lines in 14 different environments for grain yield. All the tested varieties and candidate lines had higher yield than the actual average yield of lentil in Morocco. Significant increase and higher genetic gain over the local check were observed from 1989 to 2018. Up to 35 kg ha−1 yr−1 genetic gain for grain yield was obtained. The yield advantage of improved varieties over the local check increased from 16 to 67% from 1989 to 2018. Most of varieties have wide adaptation and respond positively to the increase of environmental index. The environmental factor in terms of the amount and distribution of rainfall has a determinant effect on grain yield for all varieties and candidate lines. However, differences in the degree of adaptation and stability of these varieties were observed. These results could help draw more attention to lentil in Morocco and define efficient strategies that make the best varieties available for farmers from the perspective of enhancing national production.
Is the Laser Diffraction Method Reliable for Soil Particle Size Distribution Analysis?
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Lijuan , Wendroth Ole , Liu Baoyuan , Cheng Congcong , Huang Tingting , Shi Yangzi
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

LDM was evaluated by SPM and SEM for soil PSD determination.

LDM significantly overestimated sand and silt but underestimated clay contents compared to SPM.

LDM resulted in soil texture class shifts in nearly half of the soil samples in contrast to SPM.

Linear conversions were significant for sand and silt but not for clay contents from LDM to SPM.

LDM held statistically similar median particle sizes with SEM for PSDs within the clay fraction.

The laser diffraction method (LDM) has been increasingly applied for quantifying soil particle size distribution (PSD), owing to its advantages of rapid analysis, high reproducibility, and continuous PSD measurement for a wide range of size fractions. However, some ambiguities exist regarding the comparability of results with those obtained using other classical methods. The objective of the current study was to evaluate LDM‐derived PSDs via comparisons with PSDs obtained with the standard sieve–pipette method (SPM) and from the absolute method of microscopy. A total of 277 soil samples were collected at different soil depths in a typical cropland in the northeast mountainous region of Beijing and analyzed with both SPM and LDM. Due to time and labor constraints, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on 100 samples randomly selected for the PSDs within the clay fraction withdrawn by SPM. The results manifested on the average 18.9% underestimation of clay content and 25.3% overestimation of silt content by LDM compared to SPM. These disagreements directly caused the shifts of soil texture class in 44.8% of the soil samples. Significant linear regression equations were generated to convert LDM–derived sand and silt contents to SPM–derived ones (p < 0.01). The linear conversions for the clay content were only significant for the calibration samples, but possessed negative coefficients of determination for the validation set. According to SEM, silt‐sized particles were wrongly included in the clay fraction identified by SPM. Eliminating such particles, the clay contents corrected by SEM were significantly lower when assuming the shape of clay particles < 2 µm as plates or discs with constant thickness–diameter ratio of 1/10, and higher when considering the clay particles as spheres for volume calculation, in contrast to those measured by LDM (P < 0.01). Detailed volume‐based PSDs within the clay fraction were further compared between SEM and LDM, revealing dissimilar PSD patterns but statistically similar median particle diameters. These findings suggest the effectiveness of LDM in soil PSD determination. Future work is needed to systematically quantify the impact of other possible factors such as clay mineralogy and refractive index on LDM‐derived PSDs.
Effects of Citrate on the Rates and Mechanisms of Phosphate Adsorption and Desorption on a Calcareous Soil
Authors: Bulmer David , Hamilton Jordan , Kar Gourango , Dhillon Gurbir , Si Bing C. , Peak Derek
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Citrate and Ca influence the P sorption in calcareous soil.

Labile Ca influences the citrate‐enhanced P desorption.

The soil P reactions obey the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics.

P sorption in calcareous soil is Ca‐concentration dependent.

Adsorption at the soil–water interface is a fundamental chemical process that often controls the retention of compounds in soils. The rates of adsorption therefore have a vital role in the fate and transport of phosphate in the soil environment. In this study, the effects of a range of organic acid (citrate) levels and soil Ca levels on phosphate (PO43−) adsorption and desorption were investigated in detail through a combination of laboratory (miscible displacement kinetics) and synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. A pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model was applied to the data that provided good fits for the entire datasets (both adsorption and desorption) with a single set of equations. In general, it was observed that citrate directly competed for adsorption sites in soils with reduced levels of Ca but in soils high in labile Ca, citrate was not competitive in desorbing P. The most likely explanation for this is that citrate instead chelates with Ca to form soluble complexes when an excess of Ca is present.
SİGORTACILIKTA YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: KATILIM SİGORTACILIĞI
Authors: DEMİRCİ Serdar
Published: March 2019

İnsanoğlunun sosyo-ekonomik
gelişimine paralel olarak, kendisini güvende hissetme eğilimi, zaman içinde
ekonomik değerleri de kapsar hȃle gelerek tarihsel süreçte farklı isim ve
uygulama biçimleriyle evrimleşen “sigorta” kavramını doğurmuştur. Batıya nazaran
İslam toplumlarındaki görece daha geç gerçekleşen ilerleme ve refah düzeyindeki
artış, sigortacılığa da İslami boyutta yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmıştır.
Geleneksel sigortacılığın çoğu ilkesinin İslami felsefeyle örtüşmemesi,
sigortacılığı İslami kurallara göre yeniden şekillendirme ihtiyacını
doğurmuştur. Bunun paralelinde klasik sigortanın risk transferi yerine, risk
paylaşım odaklı farklı bir uygulama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Uluslararası
terminolojisiyle takaful, bilhassa körfez ve bazı Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerinde
köklü bir geçmişe sahip olmasına karşın; ülkemizde geçen yıl yayımlanan bir
yönetmelik ile mevzuat alt yapısına kavuşturulmuştur. Bilhassa farklı
hassasiyetleri olan kesimler bakımından, klasik sigorta ürünlerinin ikamesi
niteliğindeki katılım sigortacılığı, uygulama teknikleri ve farklılıkları
nedeniyle potansiyel sigortalılara net bir şekilde anlatılmalı ve kafalardaki
soru işaretleri giderilmelidir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada özetle, tarihsel süreci
ile katılım sigortacılığına ve ülkemizdeki mevcut duruma ışık tutulmaya gayret
edilmiştir.
Recognizing factors affecting decline in groundwater level using wavelet-entropy measure (case study: Silakhor plain aquifer)
Authors: Komasi Mehdi , Sharghi Soroush
Published: March 2019

The most important approach to identify the behavior of hydrological processes is time series analysis of this process. Wavelet-entropy measure has been considered as a criterion for the degree of time series fluctuations and consequently uncertainty. Wavelet-entropy measure reduction indicates the reduction in natural time series fluctuations and thus, the occurrence of an unfavorable trend in time series. In this way, to identify the main cause of declining aquifer water level in the Silakhor plain, monthly time series of rainfall, temperature and output discharge were divided into three different time periods. Then, these time series were decomposed to multiple frequent time series by wavelet transform and then, the wavelet energies were computed for these decomposed time series. Finally, wavelet-entropy measure was computed for each different time period. Given the entropy reduction of about 71, 13 and 10.5% for discharge, rainfall and temperature time series respectively, it can be concluded that fluctuation decrease of discharge time series has relatively more effect on groundwater level oscillation patterns with respect to the rainfall and temperature time series. In this regard, it could be concluded that the climate change factors are not facing significant changes; thus, human activities can be regarded as the main reason for the declining groundwater level in this plain.
Methodological proposal for conceptualization and classification of interactions between groundwater and surface water
Authors: Ballesteros-Navarro Bruno J. , Díaz-Losada Elisabeth , Domínguez-Sánchez José A. , Grima-Olmedo Juan
Published: March 2019

Water management plans require comprehensive knowledge of physical processes and principles controlling water resources. These mechanisms, subject to limitations, can interact in complex ways, which makes it challenging to design guidelines to achieve optimum water resources use, taking into account economic, social and environmental factors. The relationship between rivers and aquifers defines different forms of interaction between superficial water and groundwater. These processes have great relevance in inland water management and protection against pollution, as well as dependent ecosystems. Under the current legislative framework in Europe, i.e., the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) and the Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC, calculation of flow direction and exchange rates between groundwater bodies and associated surface systems are key aspects of river basin management plans. This paper examines conditioning factors of exchange processes, related basic physical principles, and criteria for establishing different conceptual models, providing a typology for systematic classification of groundwater–surface water interactions.
WY DZIAŁ TE OLOGIC ZNY UK SW W LATACH 2013-2017
Authors: Bartnicki Roman
Published: March 2019

Artykuł przedstawia historię Wydziału Teologicznego od 2013 do 2017 r.
Funda menty teolo giczno -społ eczn e wycho wan ia patriotyczn ego w katechezie i na lekcji religii
Authors: Czekalski Ryszard , Bednarczyk Rafał
Published: March 2019

Z działalnością pastoralną i katechetyczną Kościoła w Polsce zwłaszcza w ostatnichstuleciach było wyraźnie powiązane wychowanie patriotyczne. W szeregachduchowieństwa nigdy też nie brakowało żarliwych patriotów oddanych sprawie wolności Ojczyzny. To pozwoliło wytworzyć i rozwinąć wśród Polaków świadomośćnaturalnego powiązania pomiędzy katolicyzmem i patriotyzmem. Obecnie,gdy cieszymy w naszej Ojczyźnie wolnością i pokojem, Polacy mogą swobodnierozwijać wychowanie patriotyczne w rodzinie, w szkole, w Kościele i życiu publicznym.Badania socjologiczne podkreślają, że dla Polaków jedną z najważniejszychwartości jest patriotyzm, który nadal powinien być łączony z wychowaniemreligijnym. Do głównych zadań katechezy szkolnej i parafialnej w dziedziniewychowania patriotycznego należą: kształtowanie postawy miłości Boga i bliźniego(co służy także poszanowaniu przedstawicieli innych narodów), rozwijanieświadomości obowiązków obywatelskich, pielęgnowanie szacunku wobec symbolii tradycji narodowych, walka z wadami i grzechami narodowymi, zaszczepianietroski o poznawanie historii i geografii Polski.
ANÁLISE BIO-BIBLIOMÉTRICA O CASO CESAR GOMES VICTORA
Authors: Reis Juliana Gonçalves , Batista Haydée Maria Correia da Silveira , Barbosa Adauto Dutra Moraes , Rodriguez Martius Vicente Rodriguez y
Published: March 2019

Este estudo bio-bibliométrico tem como objetivo mapear a evolução da rede de colaboração e o acúmulo do capital científico do retratado - Cesar Gomes Victora ao longo de 40 anos. Optou-se pela base de dados bibliográficos Scopus como fonte principal para composição do corpus das redes de autores composto (n=502) artigos de periódicos, separados em quatro coleções por décadas 1977-1986;1987-1996;1997-2006 e 2007-2016 para configuração das redes de colaboração e do acúmulo de capital científico em uma linha do tempo. Os resultados mostraram o crescimento expressivo do número de publicações e de colaborações nas quatro décadas. O número e a força de ligação ocorreram com maior expressão nos últimos 20 anos. A década mais produtiva foi de 2007 a 2016. O acúmulo do capital científico tanto institucional, como específico foram construídos em contextos local e global conferiram ao Cesar Gomes Victora autoridade internacional no campo materno-infantil.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists for Nephroprotection: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Sarafidis Pantelis A. , Memmos Evangelos , Alexandrou Maria-Eleni , Papagianni Aikaterini
Published: March 2019

Background:

The use of single RAS-blockade is currently the recommended first-line treatment for
proteinuric diabetic or non-diabetic nephropathy, as these agents were repeatedly shown in studies with hard renal
outcomes to retard the progression of renal injury. However, CKD will continue to progress on optimum single
RAS-blockade, and other options to ameliorate renal injury were explored. Dual RAS-blockade was associated
with an increased risk of adverse-events with no apparent benefits and, therefore, is currently abandoned.

:

Based on the phenomenon of aldosterone escape and the well-documented harmful effects of aldosterone on renal
tissue, several randomized trials have studied the effects of a MRA in diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy.

Method:

This is a review of the literature in relevance to data evaluating the effect of MRA on renal outcomes.

Results:

Studies with spironolactone and eplerenone added to single RAS-blockade showed that these agents are
associated with greater reductions in urine albumin or protein excretion compared to either placebo or dual RASblockade.
However, studies with these agents on hard renal outcomes are currently missing and the reasonable
skepticism of physicians on the real-world incidence of hyperkalemia in CKD patients are limiting their use. A
non-steroidal MRA, finerenone, has also great potency in decreasing albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy with
possibly lower rates of hyperkalemia. Two multi-center clinical trials examining the effect of finerenone on hard
cardiovascular and renal outcomes are currently ongoing.

Conclusion:

MRAs are able to reduce albuminuria and proteinuria on top of single RAS-blockade in patients
with proteinuric CKD. Ongoing clinical trials are expected to clarify whether such an effect is accompanied by
delay in CKD progression.
One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis and Molecular Docking of Some Novel 2-Thiazolyl Pyridines as Potent Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Gomha Sobhi M. , Shaaban Mohamed E.B. , Rabee Kamal A. , El-Shemy Heba N. , Abdallah Abanoub M. , Metz Peter
Published: March 2019

Background:

Thiazoles and pyridines are versatile synthetic scaffolds possessing wide
spectrum of biological effects including potential antimicrobial activity.

Objective:

In the efforts to develop suitable antimicrobia drugs, medicinal chemists have focused on
thiazole derivatives. A novel series of 2-thiazolyl pyridines was prepared in a one-pot three-component
reaction using 2-bromoacetyl pyridine as a starting precursor.

Method:

Structure of the synthesized compounds was elucidated by spectral data (FT-IR, 1H NMR,
13C NMR, and mass) and elemental analyses. The prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro
antimicrobial activity.

Results:

The results revealed that compounds 4a,b,e-g and 12 showed promising activity. Molecular
docking studies using MOE software were carried out for compounds 4a and 4b which exhibited potent
activities indicated by the diameter zones (4a; 3.6, 4.0, 1.2 mm) (4b; 4.2, 3.5, 1.5 mm) and the
binding affinities (4a; -5.7731, -5.3576, -4.6844 kcal mol-1) (4b; -5.9356, -2.8250, -5.3628 kcal mol-1)
against Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, respectively.

Conclusion:

This paper describes a facile and efficient MCR for synthesis of 2-thiazolyl pyridines
from reaction of 2-bromoacetyl pyridine with different reagents. There was an agreement between the
values of binding affinities and interactions and the data obtained from the practical antimicrobial
screening of the tested compounds.
Novel GLI3 Mutations in Chinese Patients with Non-syndromic Post-axial Polydactyly
Authors: Chen X. , Yuan L. , Xu H. , Hu P. , Yang Y. , Guo Y. , Guo Z. , Deng H.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Polydactyly, characterized by supernumerary digits in the upper or lower extremities, is the most common congenital digital abnormalities. It derives from the defective patterning of anteroposterior axis of the developing limb, with various etiology and clinical heterogeneity. The patients with post-axial polydactyly type A (PAPA) have the typical symptom of a well-formed supernumerary digit outside the fifth digit.

Objective:

The aim of present study was to identify the causative mutations of two unrelated Han Chinese patients with non-syndromic PAPA.

Methods:

Two unrelated Han Chinese patients and 100 ethnicity-matched, unrelated normal controls were recruited for this study. BGISEQ-500 exome sequencing was performed in the two patients, followed by validation in the patients and 100 controls by using Sanger sequencing.

Results:

Two mutations in the GLI family zinc finger 3 gene (GLI3), including a frameshift mutation c.3437_3453delTCGAGCAGCCCTGCCCC (p.L1146RfsX95) and a nonsense mutation c.3997C>T (p.Q1333X), were identified in two patients but were absent in the 100 healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The two GLI3 mutations, p.L1146RfsX95 and p.Q1333X, may account for non-syndromic PAPA in the two patients, respectively. The findings of this study may expand the mutational spectrum of GLI3-PAPA and provide novel insights into the genetic basis of polydactyly.
Structure Based Drug Design and Molecular Docking Studies of Anticancer Molecules Paclitaxel, Etoposide and Topotecan using Novel Ligands
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Dhagat Swasti , Eswari Jujjavarapu S.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Tubulin is the biochemical target for several clinically used anticancer
drugs as it helps in the formation of mitotic spindle during mitosis stage of cell division. Many of
the anti-cancer drugs are known to interact with tubulin and microtubules including some plant alkaloids,
such as paclitaxel, etoposide and topotecan. In silico drug design of these molecules were
performed prior to testing these drugs in vitro. In silico drug design of these anti-cancer drugs becomes
a challenge due to the complex structure of target protein. This challenge was overcome by
predicting the structure of the target protein (tubulin) by homology modeling.

Methods:

In this study, computer aided drug designing approach was applied to predict the suitable
docking site in target protein and the interaction of tubulin protein with paclitaxel, etoposide
and topotecan was explored by molecular docking using Schrödinger software. Docking score and
glide energy were determined with ligands to validate their anticancer properties.

Results:

The results indicate that etoposide is the best drug for tubulin with a docking score of -
4.916 and glide energy of -46.470 kcal/mol compared to paclitaxel and topotecan.

Conclusion:

The testing of these drugs in silico provides an alternate to in vitro testing of these
molecules on cancer cell lines which is a time and cost intensive process. The in silico study of parameters,
such as docking score and glide energy, will help pharmacists in developing new molecules
as targets for cancers in a time and cost-effective manner.
Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Pangenotypic Direct-Acting Antivirals Against Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Scotto Riccardo , Buonomo Antonio Riccardo , Moriello Nicola Schiano , Maraolo Alberto Enrico , Zappulo Emanuela , Pinchera Biagio , Gentile Ivan , Borgia Guglielmo
Published: March 2019

Background:

Advances in the development of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs), particularly
pangenotypic drugs, have led to a high rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication. Notably, real-
world studies have confirmed the efficacy and safety of pangenotypic DAA combinations reported
in registration trials. The aim of this study was to review the treatment recommendations, and the efficacy
and safety data of anti-HCV pangenotypic drugs reported in registration clinical trials and in
recent real-life cohort studies.

Methods:

We reviewed the efficacy and safety data of pangenotypic anti-HCV drug combinations
reported in original articles and in online conference abstracts.

Results:

Current pangenotypic drug combinations resulted in very high rates of sustained virologic
response and few adverse reactions in real-life settings. SVR12 rates in real-life studies ranged from
90-100% depending on the pangenotypic combination, the HCV genotype and the stage of liver disease.
Most adverse reactions reported in real-life settings were mild in intensity and rarely led to
treatment discontinuation. These results are in accordance with those of clinical trials.

Conclusion:

Pangenotypic DAAs result in very high rates of sustained virologic responses and are
well tolerated. However, they are contraindicated in patients with decompensated cirrhosis or advanced
chronic kidney disease who failed previous DDA-based treatment. Further research is required
to customize treatment to “unpackage” current DAA combinations and to develop generic
drugs against HCV.
Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Thiadiazole Analogues with Potential Antimicrobial and Antiinflammatory Activities
Authors: Mehta Dinesh K. , Taya Poonam , Das Rina , Dua Kamal
Published: March 2019

Background:

Chemical modification of thiadiazole may lead to a potent therapeutic agent. In this study, biological properties of thiadiazole derivatives were evaluated by assessing their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Methods:

A series of novel derivatives of N-(5-(1-methyl-indol-3-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- yl)-2-(5-substitutedphenyl)-3-(phenylamino)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl) acetamide have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was done using carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat paw edema model. In-silico molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds were performed on crystal structures of Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Cyclooxygenase-2 (obtained from www.rcsb.org) using GRIP batch docking method of V-life MDS 3.0 software. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy.

Results:

Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory activity study of the novel synthesized compounds were screened. Synthesized compounds having methoxy substitution on the 3rd and 4th positions of aromatic ring are utmost active amongst all the derivatives. Compounds 6d, 6i, 6j and 6l were found to possess good anti-inflammatory activity having percentage of inhibition to the extent of 46.8%, 48.1%, 49.4%, and 48.5% as compared with Diclofenac.

Conclusion:

The experimental results were further supported by molecular docking analysis describing the better interaction patterns.
Multiple Myeloma or Brucellosis: A Case Report
Authors: Rahdar Hossein A. , Kodori Mansoor , Salehi Mohamad R. , Doomanlou Mahsa , Karami-Zarandi Morteza , Jasemi Seyedesomaye , Feizabadi Mohammad M.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Brucellosis, a major health problem in developing countries, is a multisystem
infection with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Hematological complications,
ranging from an intravascular coagulopathy to mild homeostasis disorders (such as gammopathy),
have been reported in brucella infection. These signs and symptoms may lead to misdiagnosis of
brucellosis with other hematological diseases.

Case:

A 65-year-old male whose occupation was shepherding was referred to our hospital as a
known case of multiple myeloma with continuous fever, muscle weakness, and night sweating after
taking 2 courses of chemotherapy. The laboratory diagnosis of multiple myeloma had been
based on the observation of a high percent of plasma cells in the bone marrow aspiration. At follow-
up, the result of patient's fever workup, with 2 sets of blood cultures, was positive for Brucella
melitensis. Isolated brucella was confirmed as B. melitensis by 16S rRNA sequencing. Brucellosis
serologic test was performed by agglutination test and positive results were obtained. The
patient was discharged with the cessation of fever and general improvement after the end of the
parental treatment phase of brucella bacteremia.

Conclusions:

Brucella infection may cause a severe disease, mimicking a primary hematological
disease, which could complicate the correct diagnosis. In brucellosis cases, due to the wide range
of symptoms, in addition to cultivation and serological methods, molecular methods should also
be used to prevent inappropriate diagnosis and additional costs.
Pharmaceutical Cocrystal: A Novel Approach to Tailor the Biopharmaceutical Properties of a Poorly Water Soluble Drug
Authors: Srivastava Dipti , Fatima Zeeshan , Kaur Chanchal D. , Tulsankar Sachin L. , Nashik Sanap S. , Rizvi Dilshad A.
Published: March 2019

Background:

The present study reports the formation of a cocrystal of candesartan with the
coformer methyl paraben, its characterization and determination of its bioavailability. Candesartan is a
poorly water-soluble drug having an anti-hypertensive activity. The recent patents on the cocrystals of the
drugs Progesterone (US9982007B2), Epalrestat (EP2326632B1), Gefitinib (WO2015170345A1), and
Valsartan (CN102702118B) for enhancement of solubility, helped in selection of the drug for this work.

Methods:

Candesartan cocrystal was prepared by solution crystallization method. The formation of a
new crystalline phase was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) studies. Saturation solubility studies were
carried out in ethanol: water (50:50 % v/v) mixture. The dissolution studies were conducted in 900 ml
of phosphate buffer at pH 7.4(I.P.) with 0.7% w/w of Tween 20 at 50 rpm, maintained at a temperature
of 37±0.5°C in a USP type II dissolution apparatus. The pharmacokinetic behavior of candesartan and
its cocrystal was thereof investigated in male Wistar rats.

Results:

There was 6.94 fold enhancement in the solubility of candesartan after its cocrystallization.
The dissolution profile of the cocrystal exhibited significant improvement in solubility at 60 and 120
minutes and it remained stable in ethanol: water (50:50%v/v) mixture for 48 h as confirmed by PXRD
studies. The AUC0-24of the cocrystal was found to be increased by 2.9 fold in terms of bioavailability
as compared to the pure drug.

Conclusion:

The prepared cocrystal was found to be relatively more soluble than the pure drug and
also showed an enhanced oral bioavailability as compared to the pure drug.