bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The most responsive foot position for non-invasive detection of isolated unstable syndesmotic injuries – a 3D analysis
Authors: Souleiman Firas , Heilemann Martin , Osterhoff Georg , Hepp Pierre , Gueorguiev Boyko , Richards R. Geoff , Gehweiler Dominic , Hennings Robert
Published: November 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to identify the most responsive foot position for detection of isolated unstable syndesmotic injury.

Methods

Fourteen paired human cadaveric lower legs were positioned in a pressure-controlled radiolucent frame and loaded under 700 N. Computed tomography scans were performed in neutral position, 15° internal / external rotation, and 20° dorsal / plantar flexion of the foot before and after cutting all syndesmotic ligaments. For each position, generated 3D models of the intact and injured distal tibiofibular joints were matched and analyzed by calculating three parameters: diastasis, anteroposterior displacement, and shortening of the fibula.

Results

Transection of syndesmotic ligaments resulted in significant posterior translation of the fibula (4.34°, SD 1.63°, p < 0.01) compared to uninjured state for external rotation, significant anterior translation (-2.08°, SD 1.65°, p < 0.01) for internal rotation, and significant posterior translation (1.32°, SD 1.16°, p = 0.01) for dorsiflexion. Furthermore, the syndesmotic injury led to significantly increased clear space (0.46 mm, SD 0.46 mm, p = 0.03) in external rotation of the foot.

Conclusion

External rotation of the foot under loading seems to be the most responsive position for detection of isolated syndesmotic instability. Under external rotational stress, anteroposterior instability and increased clear space resulting from a complete isolated unstable syndesmotic lesion were most evident.
Low carbohydrate diets, glycaemic control, enablers, and barriers in the management of type 1 diabetes: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Paul Janine , Jani Rati , Thorning Sarah , Obucina Mila , Davoren Peter , Knight-Agarwal Catherine
Published: November 2024

Background

Medical nutrition therapy is fundamental for diabetes management, however there is a lack of evidence supporting an ideal recommended carbohydrate intake for maintaining optimal glycaemia in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Adults with T1D are increasingly drawn to very low carbohydrate (≤ 50 g/day or < 10% total energy intake) and low carbohydrate diets (< 130 g/day or < 26% total energy intake) because of the reported positive impact on both physical health and psychological well-being. Current evidence regarding the effectiveness on glycaemia and the lived experience by adults with T1D when using these diets is limited. This mixed methods systematic review was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of very low and low carbohydrate diets on HbA1c and explore the lived experience of adults with T1D who have followed these dietary regimens.

Methods

Seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Informit Health Collection, Web of Science, and PsycInfo) were searched from inception to 1 October 2023. Quality assessment of the included studies was undertaken using the JBI’s critical appraisal checklists. Separate quantitative and qualitative synthesis was performed, and findings were integrated for the purpose of comparison and complementarity.

Results

Seventeen studies of varying methodologies were included. Findings from quantitative research were inconclusive in determining the effectiveness of very low and low carbohydrate diets on HbA1c levels. Qualitative data synthesis identified four themes [1) Motivation to follow the diet, 2) Health benefits of the diet, 3) Challenges of the diet, and 4) Limited information (participants knowledge, information sources) about the diet] that influenced adherence to very low and low carbohydrate diets. Through the integration of results from selected studies, it was evident that there were conflicting outcomes between quantitative and qualitative studies.

Conclusions

There is little evidence to indicate that very low and low carbohydrate diets improve HbA1c in adults with T1D. However, this goes against the reported lived experiences of participants. This review highlights the insufficiency of robust evidence on this topic. Future research involving larger participant samples over longer durations are needed to provide more definitive evidence in relation to the efficacy of these diets and into the enablers and barriers experienced when using a very low or low carbohydrate diet in order to provide support to adults with T1D.

Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42023482800.
The effect of the menstrual cycle phases on back squat performance, jumping ability and psychological state in women according to their level of performance -a randomized three-arm crossover study
Authors: Isenmann Eduard , Held Steffen , Geisler Stephan , Flenker Ulrich , Jeffreys Ian , Zinner Christoph
Published: November 2024

Objective

The influence of the menstrual cycle on practical power performance such as barbell back squats and jumping performance in women has not yet been fully investigated. In addition, the performance level of athletes has not been considered in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different cycle phases on acute back squat performance, jumping ability and psychological state concerning the performance level.

Methods

24 female strength athletes (age: 25.2 ± 3.3 years; height: 169.5 ± 3.4 cm; body weight: 67.7 ± 7.3 kg) were recruited for the study. Level of performance was classified according to Santos et al. (intermittent (n = 13), advanced (n = 6), highly advanced (n = 5)). Participants were tested for 1RM barbell back squat and jumping performance (countermovement and squat jump) as well as two questionnaires assessing their psychological states in the menses (M), late follicular phase (FP) and mid-luteal phase (LP) in three MC. Saliva estradiol and progesterone concentrations with a menstrual cycle diary were used to confirm a normal MC. A principal components analysis for power performance, well-being, relaxation and alertness was carried out and a linear mixed model was used for statistical evaluation.

Results

No significant differences were found between the MC phases in performance scores (p > 0.05), readiness (p > 0.05) and alertness (p > 0.05). However, a high correlation between MC phases, performance level and back squat performance was detected. Correlation analyses indicate that a higher performance level results in a higher variation depending on the MC of the squat performance. For well-being, a significantly lower score was detected in M than in FP and LP.

Conclusion

In general the performance score of the lower body is not influenced by the MC. If strength performance and jumping ability are considered separately, there are indications that strength capability is influenced at a higher performance level. In addition, individual variance was also observed, so this should also be considered. However, further studies are needed to confirm this assumption due to the small sample sizes of the individual performance levels.

Trial registration

German registry for clinical studies (DRKS00034816, Date: 08/01/2024).
Zéro allergie research clinic: a clinical and research initiative in oral immunotherapy for managing IgE-mediated food allergy
Authors: Tremblay Bénédicte L. , Bégin Philippe , Gagnon-Brassard Frédérique , Boucher-Lafleur Anne-Marie , Lavoie Marie-Ève , Madore Anne-Marie , Lavoie Sarah , Rochefort-Beaudoin Cloé , Nuncio-Naud Claudia , Morin Charles , Parizeault Guy , Laprise Catherine
Published: November 2024

Background and methods

The Zéro allergie research clinic (Saguenay, Canada) is a clinical and research initiative in oral immunotherapy (OIT) for managing IgE-mediated food allergy (FA). A total of 183 children with FA and 27 non-allergic siblings were recruited to date in the Zéro allergie cohort (ZAC) to better understand biological mechanisms underlying FA and OIT prognosis. The primary aims are to (a) better understand the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and microbial diversity associated with FA; (b) establish the multi-omics and microbial diversity profiles of children following OIT to identify predictive prognosis biomarkers, (c) make OIT more accessible to the population of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region, and (d) build a biobank of data and biological material.

Results

The ZAC constitutes a unique and rich biobank of biological samples (blood, buccal swabs, microbiota samples [intestinal, buccal, nasal, and cutaneous]) combined with clinical data and more than 75 phenotypic characteristics.

Conclusions

This represents an innovative interdisciplinary initiative by researchers, allergists, and paediatricians to make FA care accessible to a greater number of children with IgE-mediated FA. Ultimately, it will contribute to provide more accessible treatment options with greater chances of success through a better understanding of the biological nature of FA and OIT.
Investigating non fluorescence nanoparticle transport in Matrigel-filled microfluidic devices using synchrotron X-ray scattering
Authors: Martín-Asensio Alberto , Pardo Irene , Mesa Rocío , Pardo Demian , Fernández-Blázquez Juan P. , Martínez-Guil Juan Carlos , Castellanos Milagros , Hernández Jaime J. , Somoza Álvaro , Rodríguez Isabel
Published: November 2024

The present study explores the application of X-ray scattering, using synchrotron radiation, to assess the diffusive transport of nanomedicines in tumor on a chip devices fabricated by 3D stereolithography using a resin with high optical and X-ray transmittance. Unlike conventional methods that require fluorescent labeling of nanoparticles, potentially altering their in vitro and in vivo behavior, this approach enables the investigation of the transport properties for unlabeled nanoparticles. In particular, the results presented confirm the influence of the porosity of the extracellular matrix-like microenvironment, specifically Matrigel, on the diffusive transport of oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles. The analysis of the scattering patterns allows to create 2D maps showing the nanoparticle distribution with high spatial resolution. The proposed approach demonstrates the potential for studying other factors involved in nanoparticle diffusion processes. By implementing X-ray scattering to track unmodified nanomedicines within extracellular matrix-like microenvironments, increasingly accurate models for evaluating and predicting therapeutics transport behaviors can be developed.
Leveraging professional learning communities in linking digital professional development and instructional integration: evidence from 16,072 STEM teachers
Authors: Liu Ji , Aziku Millicent , Qiang Faying , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2024

Background

Integration of digital tools and resources in STEM instruction has garnered significant attention due to its high potential. Digital professional development is identified as a pivotal factor for equipping teachers with necessary digital skills to effectively orchestrate digital resources. Notably, the role of professional learning communities is considered critical. However, the intricate relationships among digital professional development, professional learning communities, and digital instructional integration among STEM teachers remain underexplored. Utilizing partial least-squares–structural equation models (PLS–SEM), the present study examined links in digital professional development, professional learning communities, and digital instructional integration among STEM teachers (N = 16,072) who participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022.

Results

Findings from the PLS–SEM analysis indicate that digital professional development exhibits a direct positive relationship with professional learning communities and digital instructional integration. Relatedly, professional learning communities is positively correlated with digital instructional integration. In terms of indirect effect, findings show that professional learning communities play a significant positive mediating role in linking digital professional development and digital instructional integration.

Conclusions

This study reports new evidence on the influence of digital professional development on digital instructional integration through professional learning communities among 16,072 STEM teachers and concludes that, when STEM teachers regularly immerse themselves in professional learning communities, they are more likely to benefit from their digital professional development by integrating digital technologies in classroom instruction. Policymakers and educational leaders should consider promoting digital professional development and professional learning communities among STEM teachers, along with efforts to encourage digital instructional integration.
Securing transactions: a hybrid dependable ensemble machine learning model using IHT-LR and grid search
Authors: Talukder Md. Alamin , Hossen Rakib , Uddin Md Ashraf , Uddin Mohammed Nasir , Acharjee Uzzal Kumar
Published: November 2024

Financial institutions and businesses face an ongoing challenge from fraudulent transactions, prompting the need for effective detection methods. Detecting credit card fraud is crucial for identifying and preventing unauthorized transactions. While credit card fraud incidents are relatively rare, they can result in substantial financial losses, particularly due to the high monetary value associated with fraudulent transactions. Timely detection of fraud enables investigators to take swift actions to mitigate further losses. However, the investigation process is often time-consuming, limiting the number of alerts that can be thoroughly examined each day. Therefore, the primary objective of a fraud detection model is to provide accurate alerts while minimizing false alarms and missed fraud cases. In this paper, we introduce a state-of-the-art hybrid ensemble (ENS) dependable machine learning (ML) model that intelligently combines multiple algorithms with proper weighted optimization using grid search, including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and multilayer perceptron (MLP), to enhance fraud identification. To address the data imbalance issue, we employ the instant hardness threshold (IHT) technique in conjunction with logistic regression (LR), surpassing conventional approaches. Our experiments are conducted on a publicly available credit card dataset comprising 284,807 transactions. The proposed model achieves impressive accuracy rates of 99.66%, 99.73%, 98.56%, and 99.79%, and a perfect 100% for the DT, RF, KNN, MLP and ENS models, respectively. The hybrid ensemble model outperforms existing works, establishing a new benchmark for detecting fraudulent transactions in high-frequency scenarios. The results highlight the effectiveness and reliability of our approach, demonstrating superior performance metrics and showcasing its exceptional potential for real-world fraud detection applications.
B2R-D2R Interaction in Prolactinomas and Nonfunctional Adenomas: Impact on Dopamine Resistance
Authors: Abeledo-Machado Alejandra , Argerich Josep , Yaneff Agustín , Vidal Noemi , García-Roca Claudia , Bornancini Dana , Peña-Zanoni Milagros , Gironacci Mariela M , Shayo Carina , Ciruela Francisco , Díaz-Torga Graciela
Published: November 2024

Prolactinomas, the most common pituitary-secreting adenomas, can be effectively treated with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonists. However, a subset of them (∼20%) are resistant to dopamine-based therapies and require extirpation. The molecular mechanisms underlying their escape from dopaminergic regulation are not fully elucidated and may include alterations in D2R signaling. D2R can heteromerize with other G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in modulation of dopaminergic signaling. Because the bradykinin receptor type 2 (B2R) is overexpressed in prolactinomas, we interrogated whether this dopaminergic dysregulation observed in some prolactinomas may depend on a physical and functional interaction between D2R and B2R. The formation of B2R-D2R complexes in cultured cells transiently expressing both receptors was validated using NanoBiT technology. Interestingly, although D2R stimulation did not alter B2R-induced intracellular calcium mobilization, B2R stimulation abolished D2R signaling through modulation of cAMP. The existence of B2R-D2R complexes in pituitary adenomas biopsies was evaluated using an ALPHALisa approach. Importantly, B2R-D2R complexes were detected in human prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, but not in mixed (prolactin + growth hormone)-secreting adenomas. These results suggest that overexpression of B2R in resistant prolactinomas may promote the formation of B2R-D2R complexes, with B2R precluding D2R signaling, thus generating resistance to D2R agonists.
Long Noncoding RNAs Expressed in Mouse Pituitary Development and Mature Hormone-Producing Cells
Authors: Brinkmeier Michelle Lynn , George Akima Semone , Cheung Leonard Yan Ming , Mills Ryan Edward , Melamed Philippa , Camper Sally Ann
Published: November 2024

Mammalian genomes contain thousands of genes for long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), some of which have been shown to affect protein coding gene expression through diverse mechanisms. The lncRNA transcripts are longer than 200 nucleotides and are often capped, spliced, and polyadenylated, but not translated into protein. Nuclear lncRNAs can modify chromatin structure and transcription in trans or cis by interacting with the DNA, forming R-loops, and recruiting regulatory proteins. Not much is known about the role of lncRNA in pituitary gland differentiation and function. We mined transcriptome data from mouse pituitary glands collected at embryonic days 12.5 and 14.5 and identified over 200 different lncRNA transcripts. To develop a research resource for the study of lncRNA, we used pituitary cre transgenes to tag pituitary cell types in adult mice with fluorescent markers, and enriched for thyrotropes, gonadotropes, and somatotropes using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We determined the transcriptome of each cell population using RNA sequencing and mined the data for lncRNA. We detected hundreds of lncRNAs in adult pituitary cells; a few were located immediately nearby genes that encode pituitary hormones or lineage-specific transcription factors. The location of these lncRNAs suggests the possibility of a cis-acting regulatory role in pituitary development or function, and we observe coordinated expression of 2 of them with their putative target genes in transgenic mice. This research resource sets the foundation for examining the actions of lncRNAs on their putative target genes and determining whether they have roles during development and in response to physiological demand.
Sex-Based Differences in Thyroid Plasma B Cell Infiltration: Implications for Autoimmune Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Pereira Vasconcelos Amanda , Santos e Silva Juan Carlo , Simizo Adriana , Peña Avila Jonathan , Nassar Reich Goldstein Gabriel , Prado de Oliveira Pedro Henrique , Mogollón García Henry , de Carvalho Fraga Carlos Alberto , Nakaya Helder I
Published: November 2024

Thyroid autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease, are significantly more prevalent in women than in men, suggesting underlying biological differences in immune system function and regulation between sexes. Plasma B cells are crucial in autoimmunity due to their role in producing antibodies targeting self-antigens, but their presence in the thyroids of women without clinical autoimmune diseases remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the infiltration of plasma B cells in female thyroids specifically excluding those with any clinical signs of autoimmune diseases. Using bulk RNA-seq analysis, we identified significant sex differences in gene expression profiles, particularly in genes associated with plasma B cells. Single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomic analyses further revealed that the CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling axis plays a pivotal role in recruiting and organizing plasma B cells within the thyroid tissue. These findings suggest that the inherent presence of plasma B cells in the female thyroid, driven by CXCL13, may contribute to the higher risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases in women. Our study provides new insights into the immune landscape of the thyroid and underscores the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in immune cell distribution and function.
Fundamentals of algorithmization and programming. Workshop
Authors: Kanakova Svetlana
Published: November 2024

The tasks are based on the work program in the discipline: "Fundamentals of algorithmization and programming" in the specialty of secondary vocational education "Information systems and programming". To fully master the knowledge and skills of the student , it is necessary to complete the entire list of practical works proposed in the methodological development during the academic year. Questions and tasks are determined by the teacher and cover the educational material studied in the classroom.
Meets the requirements of federal state education-standards of secondary vocational education of the last generation.
For students of secondary vocational educational institutions studying in the specialty "Information systems and programming".
Dynamics of irregular migration: The Psycho-Philosophical irony in the global perception of equality
Authors: Onebunne I Jude , Ojiakor-Umenze Ifeoma , Onwuatuegwu N Ignatius
Published: November 2024

This research aims to explore the dynamics of irregular migration as a psycho-philosophical irony in the quest for practical global equality. The research explores three fundamental issues in irregular migration bordering on the characteristics of migrants, the causes and motives of migrants, and the relationship of irregular migration with global perceptions of equality. Drawing on the Neo-Classical migration theory by Hicks (1932) and the Dual Labor Market theory by Ravenstein (1889), this study establishes that the unequal distribution of capital and labor at the macro level that leads to inequality in living conditions is a major factor of all migration. The study identifies that the characteristics and motives of migrants are identical to the problems associated with low socio-economic status which are the main drivers of migration. Furthermore, the study asserts that areas characterized by irregular migrants are consistent with the Human Capital Development Index (HCDI) classification that prioritizes living standard conditions across countries. As a benchmark, the HCDI supports the theoretical basis for high irregular migration in these regions triggered by the imbalance between countries at the lower end of the index and those at the top of the HCDI.  It is suggested that the global policy on aid to poor countries should lean towards domestication of capacity building in such countries to improve living standards and employment and to mitigate the current global antithesis caused by terrorism and insecurity whose impact is unfavorable to world peace.
Implementation of Kpopfication in the campaign of presidential candidate Anies Rasyid Baswedan
Authors: Rafika Sari Zahroh , Fikrani Deslia Iva
Published: November 2024

The digital era makes the existence of social media a tool used to spread and get information about many things that happen from one individual to another with a wider scope. This is also the basis for the entry of many cultures from other countries through posts spread through social media. The Korean cultural wave, also known as Hallyu, is a term used in the process of spreading Korean culture through products from South Korea. With a successful team, Anies Rasyid Baswedan utilized interest generation with a K pop design platform similar to the idol concept to communicate with his fans. Through the main X (Twitter) account @aniesbubble, he forms a positive image with the information shared. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The study aims to of this research entitled Implementation of Kpopfication in the Campaign of Presidential Candidate Anies Rasyid Baswedan is to find out the implementation of Kpopfication in the campaign of Presidential candidate Anies Baswedan and find out the impact of using Kpopfication in the campaign strategy. The results of this study show that the implementation of Kpopfication used in the campaign of Anies Baswedan's presidential candidate is by using the X application which is designed according to the fansite account of the bubble application which reports a lot of information using Korean. In addition, the @aniesbubble account also utilizes the habits of Kpopers such as live reports of activities, production fan projects, and distributing free goods. The impact of kpopfication carried out by the @aniesbubble account is that many people are interested in following and deciding to elect Anies Baswedan as president for the next period. From the creative campaign strategy Anies Baswedan received 24.95 votes.
First report of the saprotrophic mushroom Amanita thiersii Pers. (Amanitaceae, Basidiomycota) in the state of Goiás, Central-West Brazil
Authors: Alves Leonardo Fleuri , Martins José Rodolfo Juvêncio , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Machado Tullyo Henrique Lima , Machado Vanêcia Oliveira Cunha , Romão Tiago Carnevalle , Ventura Matheus Vinícius Abadia
Published: November 2024

Amanita is a group of mushrooms of medical and culinary interest. Amanita thiersii is a species that has been little reported regarding its areas of occurrence. It is known that records of A. thiersii have been reported in Argentina, Mexico, and the United States. Our study reports the first record of A. thiersii in Brazilian territory. The specimen was collected in an area of the Cerrado domain, specifically in a Cerradão with mixed sandy-saprolitic soil. The identification of the mushroom A. thiersii was performed using an identification key for the genus Amanita. This is the first report of Amanita thiersii in Brazilian territory, collected in the Central-West region, state of Goiás.
Água
Authors: Negreiros Meire Vidal de , Soldera Bruna Camargo
Published: November 2024

A crise hídrica é uma realidade em diferentes partes do mundo, e de acordo com a Organização das Nações Unidas, aproximadamente de 2,2 bilhões de pessoas não têm acesso a água potável, representando 30% da população mundial. Projeções do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD BRASIL) indicam que até 2050 uma em cada quatro pessoas será impactada pela falta água. Paralelamente, um cenário alarmante apresentado por Nadaff (2023) aponta que quase metade dos habitantes do planeta está suscetível a enfrentar escassez severa de água em ao menos parte do ano de 2023. Diante dessas evidências, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a relação entre os aspectos climáticos e dos usos da água com a crise hídrica e fazer uma discussão sobre a questão da água como o “novo carbono”, ou seja, como a água pode chamar atenção dos setores público e privado, da mesma forma que fez o mercado de carbono. Para a metodologia desta pesquisa, foram utilizados dados de fontes bibliográficas, como artigos científicos, artigos de jornais, teses de doutorado, dados de órgãos governamentais e órgãos ambientais, com o emprego de coleta, compilação e análise de dados, sobre três fatores que impactam a água: aspectos climáticos, aspectos de uso da água e a água como o novo carbono. Este trabalho está dividido em Introdução; Material e Métodos; Resultados e Discussões; Conclusões; e Referências. É evidente a importância das questões abordadas neste artigo, para uma boa gestão e conservação dos recursos hídricos.
Expected clinical responses due to self-medicated Sudanese children; a pharmacological and family-medicine overview
Authors: M. I Abdelgadir
Published: November 2024

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried in Mohammed Alameen Hamid and Jaafar bin Auf Pediatrics Hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan. This study was conducted from March to June 2021. The study respected confidentiality using a Unique Patient Identifier (UPI) code; the questionnaires were anonymous and included no personal identifiers. Consent forms were linked to the study participant using the UPI. 33.9% of the children were self-medicated with analgesics, the route of administration for 58.4% of them was oral, 54.5% of them were using the medications until the complains disappear. 51%of the mothers reported that they were using the medications three timed daily. 37.4% of the participants reported that the fever is one of the Clinical indications for self-medication, where as 30.3% of they reported common cold. All study results showed a significance level of (p<0.05).
Analysis of the wave solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations help of advanced exp⁡(-φ(ξ))-expansion scheme
Authors: Nowsher Ali Loskar , Bashar Md.habibul
Published: November 2024

With the assistance of emblematic calculation programming, the current paper explores the specific voyaging wave arrangements from the general (2+1)- layered nonlinear development conditions by utilizing the advanced exp⁡(-φ(ξ))-expansion with time-partial boundaries. As a result, the used technique is effectively utilized and recently created some precise voyaging wave arrangements. The recently created arrangements have been communicated regarding mathematical and exaggerated capabilities. The created arrangements have been inquired into their comparing condition with the guide of the emblematic calculation programming Maple. The elements of nonlinear wave arrangements are analyzed and shown by maple18 in 3D, and 2D plots, and form plots with explicit upsides of the mind boggling boundaries are plotted. The advanced exp⁡(-φ(ξ))-expansion strategy is a solid treatment for looking through fundamental nonlinear waves that enhance an assortment of water waves in the long-frequency system that emerges in designing fields.
The impact of exercise intensity and duration for swim training‐induced adaptations in cardiac structure and function in women with mild hypertension
Authors: Sjúrðarson Tórur , Nordsborg Nikolai B. , Kristiansen Jacobina , Andersen Lars Juel , Krustrup Peter , Kyhl Kasper , Mohr Magni
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of swim training intensity and duration on cardiac structure and function in mildly hypertensive women. Sixty‐two mildly hypertensive women were randomized to 15 weeks of either (1) high‐intensity swimming (HIS, n = 21), (2) moderate‐intensity swimming (MOD, n = 21) or (3) control (CON, n = 20). Training sessions occurred three times per week. Cardiac measurements were conducted using echocardiography pre‐ and post‐intervention. Both the HIS and MOD groups demonstrated significant within‐group increases in left ventricular mass: 7.3% [1.2; 13.2] (p = 0.02) for HIS and 6.2% [0.5; 11.8] (p = 0.03) for MOD. The MOD group also demonstrated a significant increase in left ventricular internal dimension at end‐diastole by 2.4% [0.2; 4.6] (p = 0.03). Post‐hoc analysis of diastolic function markers revealed reduced mitral valve A velocity in both HIS (−14% [−25; −3], p = 0.02) and MOD (−13% [−23; −3], p = 0.01), leading to increased mitral valve E/A ratios of 27% [10; 47] (p = 0.003) and 22% [5; 40] (p = 0.01), respectively. Additionally, only MOD demonstrated increased left atrial diameter of 4.9% [0.7; 9.1] (p =0.02). A significant time×group effect (p = 0.02) existed for global longitudinal strain, which increased by 1.6% [0.2; 3.0] (p = 0.03) in MOD only. In conclusion, swim training for 15 weeks increased left ventricular mass and improved markers of diastolic function in mildly hypertensive women. These independent of exercise intensity and duration in mildly hypertensive women.
Language practices of Chinese doctoral students studying abroad on social media: a translanguaging perspective
Authors: Wang Jia
Published: November 2024

Existing research has recognized the important role of translanguaging in linguistic education. Recent studies have begun to turn attention to translanguaging practices on social media. This study contributes to this growing body of literature by examining translanguaging strategies and functions deployed by Chinese doctoral students studying abroad on the social media platform Little Red Book. A netnography approach and computer-mediated discourse analysis are combined to analyze the data. The findings reveal that Chinese doctoral students employ various translanguaging strategies online, including multilingual, multi-semiotic, and multimodal strategies, to achieve a range of pragmatic functions. The multilingual strategy consists of using Chinese characters, English words or phrases, English abbreviations, English acronyms, Chinese pinyin acronyms, and Chinese pinyin initials; the multi-semiotic strategy involves the use of emojis and hashtags; while the multimodal strategy incorporates photos. The study also explores the motivations behind the use of translanguaging on social media by these students. The results indicate that social media provides translanguaging space for Chinese doctoral students studying abroad to creatively make full use of their linguistic repertoire. In doing so, they are able to demonstrate their doctoral identities, their socialization abilities, and attitudes of language playfulness.
Generalized quadratic Gauss sums and their 2mth power mean
Authors: Cui Dewang , Zhang Wenpeng
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of this article is to study the problem of calculating the 2mth power mean of the generalized quadratic Gauss sums, and using the analytic method and an interesting combinatorial identity to give a sharp asymptotic formula for the 2mth power mean. Thus, a new simple proof of this existing result [N. Bag, A. Rojas-León, and W. P. Zhang, On some conjectures on generalized quadratic Gauss sums and related problems, Finite Fields Appl. 86 (2023), 10213] is provided.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТОВ СДВИГА ЦЕНТРОВ ЛИНИЙ ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ ВОДЯНОГО ПАРА ДАВЛЕНИЕМ АЗОТА И КИСЛОРОДА В ВИДИМОМ ДИАПАЗОНЕ
Authors: В.И. СТАРИКОВ
Published: November 2024

Предложена аналитическая модель d(sur) для расчета коэффициентов сдвига d центров линий молекулы водяного пара давлением азота и кислорода в видимом диапазоне. Она зависит от подгоночных параметров и линейно зависит от коэффициента уширения линии. Модель d(sur) восстанавливает 496 коэффициентов d для линий из диапазона 13550-22590 см-1 со среднеквадратичным отклонением 6,0 × 10-3 см-1/атм в случае сдвигов центров линий давлением азота и 265 коэффициентов d для линий из диапазона 13550-14000 см-1 со среднеквадратичным отклонением 2,5 × 10-3 см-1/атм в случае сдвигов центров линий давлением кислорода. Модель может использоваться для расчетов коэффициентов уширения и сдвига центров линий поглощения молекулы Н2О давлением азота, кислорода и воздуха в видимом диапазоне.

An analytical model d(sur) is suggested for nitrogen and oxygen shift coefficients of water vapor in the visible region. The model d(sur) linearly depends on the broadening coefficient of a given line and fitted parameters. The analysis of the available experimental data on d coefficients for the near infrared and visible regions is performed. The model d(sur) retrieves 486 nitrogen shift coefficients for lines from the range 13550-22590 cm-1 with a mean square deviation of 6.0 × 10-3 cm-1/atm and oxygen shift coefficient for lines from the range 13550-14000 cm-1 with a mean square deviation of 2.5 × 10-3 cm-1/atm.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВЫБРОСОВ ПАРНИКОВЫХ ГАЗОВ С ТЕРРИТОРИИ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОЙ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ МОБИЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ КАМПАНИЙ ЕММЕ 2019 И 2020 ГГ
Authors: М.В. МАКАРОВА , С.Ч. ФОКА , Д.В. ИОНОВ , В.С. КОСЦОВ , В.М. ИВАХОВ , Н.Н. ПАРАМОНОВА
Published: November 2024

Санкт-Петербург - второй по численности населения город Российской Федерации и четвертый в Европе. Согласно официальной статистике в городе постоянно проживают ~ 5,6 млн человек. С целью получения экспериментальных оценок выбросов парниковых газов с территории Санкт-Петербургской агломерации был разработан оригинальный комплексный подход, реализованный в рамках измерительных кампаний EMME (Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment) 2019 и 2020 гг. Проведено обобщение результатов мобильных экспериментов 2019 и 2020 гг. Показано, что период «март - начало мая», выбранный для проведения кампаний ЕММЕ, является оптимальным для оценок выбросов СО2. Средние значения антропогенных добавок, обусловленных выбросами с территории Санкт-Петербурга, для средних концентраций CO2 и CH4 в толще атмосферы составили ~ 1,07 ppmv и ~ 6,61 ppbv соответственно. Экспериментальные оценки удельных потоков парниковых газов на территории Санкт-Петербургской агломерации - 72 кт × км-2 × год-1 СО2 и 198 т × км-2 × год-1 СН4 по результатам шестидневной кампании 2020 г.; 80 кт × км-2 × год-1 CO2 и 161 т × км-2 × год-1 CH4 для 15 дней кампаний 2019 и 2020 гг. Эмиссионные соотношения СH4/CO2 и CO/CO2 для Санкт-Петербурга в марте - начале мая 2020 г. составили в среднем 6,4 и 5,7 ppbv/ppmv соответственно. Карантинные ограничения (COVID-19) повлияли на структуру выбросов Санкт-Петербурга: резкое снижение транспортной активности привело к значительному уменьшению выбросов СО от автотранспорта.

St. Petersburg is the second most populous city in the Russian Federation and the fourth in Europe. According to official statistics, ~ 5.6 million people live in the city permanently. In order to experimentally estimate greenhouse gas emissions from the territory of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, an original combined approach was developed and implemented during EMME-2019 and ЕММЕ-2020 observational campaign. The paper summarizes the results of mobile experiments in 2019 and 2020. It is shown that the period “March - early May”, chosen for the EMME campaigns, is optimal for estimating CO2 emissions. It was found that the average values of anthropogenic additives caused by emissions from the territory of St. Petersburg are ~ 1.07 ppmv and ~ 6.61 ppbv for CO2 and CH4, respectively. Experimental estimates of specific greenhouse gas fluxes for the territory of the St. Petersburg agglomeration amounted to 72 kt × km-2 × year-1 CO2 and 198 t × km-2 × year-1 CH4 for six days of 2020 campaign; 80 kt × km-2 × year-1 CO2 and 161 t × km-2 × year-1 CH4 for 15 days of campaigns 2019 and 2020. The CH4/CO2 and CO/CO2 emission ratios for St. Petersburg in March - early May 2020 averaged 6.4 and 5.7 ppbv/ppmv, respectively. Quarantine restrictions (COVID-19) affected the emission structure of St. Petersburg: a sharp decrease in transport activity led to a significant decrease in CO emissions from motor vehicles.
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ИМПУЛЬСОВ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ЛИДАРОВ В ПЕРИСТЫХ ОБЛАКАХ С УЧЕТОМ МНОГОКРАТНОГО РАССЕЯНИЯ
Authors: Т.В. РУССКОВА , В.А. ШИШКО
Published: November 2024

При лазерном дистанционном зондировании кристаллических облаков возникает проблема учета многократного рассеяния излучения, влияющего на достоверность интерпретации результатов измерений. Представлены оценки вклада многократного рассеяния излучения в эхосигнал космического лидара. Решение нестационарной задачи распространения лазерного излучения в сплошной перистой облачности с разделением по кратностям взаимодействия получено методом Монте-Карло при разных значениях оптико-микроструктурных характеристик облаков (оптическая толщина, форма и размер ледяных частиц) и параметров лидара (удаленность от объекта зондирования, расходимость излучения, угол поля зрения приемника). Численные эксперименты проведены с учетом допустимого диапазона значений параметров эксплуатируемых либо перспективных космических лидарных систем. Обсуждаются особенности формирования обратного сигнала при вводе в модель атмосферы аэрозольных и рэлеевских частиц, а также нижележащего облачного слоя. Результаты моделирования свидетельствуют о высокой чувствительности части эхосигнала, обусловленной многократно рассеянным излучением, к варьируемым параметрам, что необходимо учитывать при постановке и решении обратных задач.

Laser remote sensing of cirrus clouds is accompanied by the problem of taking into account the multiple scattering of radiation, which influences the reliability of measurement interpretation. The contribution of multiple scattering of radiation to echo signals of a space-borne lidar is estimated. The non-stationary problem of laser pulse propagation in continuous cirrus clouds with separation by scattering multiplicities is solved by the Monte Carlo method at different values of the optical-microstructural characteristics of clouds (optical thickness and shape and size of ice particles) and lidar parameters (distance from the sensing object, radiation divergence, and field of view angle of the receiver). Numerical experiments were carried out taking into account the permissible range of the parameter for operational or promising space-borne lidar systems. The features of the formation of the return signal when aerosol and Rayleigh particles, as well as the underlying cloud layer, are introduced into an atmospheric model are discussed. The simulation results indicate the high sensitivity of the part of an echo signal caused by multiply scattered radiation to the parameters under study, which should be taken into account when formulating and solving inverse problems.
КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ ТРОПОСФЕРНОГО ОЗОНА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ В 2023 Г
Authors: В.В. АНДРЕЕВ , М.Ю. АРШИНОВ , Б.Д. БЕЛАН , С.Б. БЕЛАН , В.А. ГОРДЮШКИН , Д.К. ДАВЫДОВ , В.И. ДЕМИН , Н.В. ДУДОРОВА , Н.Ф. ЕЛАНСКИЙ , Р.В. ИВАНОВ , Г.А. ИВЛЕВ , А.В. КОЗЛОВ , Л.В. КОНОВАЛЬЦЕВА , М.Ю. КОРЕНСКИЙ , С.Н. КОТЕЛЬНИКОВ , И.Н. КУЗНЕЦОВА , В.А. ЛАПЧЕНКО , Е.А. ЛЕЗИНА , О.О. МАРЧЕНКО , В.А. ОБОЛКИН , О.В. ПОСТЫЛЯКОВ , В.Л. ПОТЕМКИН , Д.Е. САВКИН , Е.Г. СЕМУТНИКОВА , И.А. СЕНИК , Е.В. СТЕПАНОВ , Г.Н. ТОЛМАЧЕВ , А.В. ФОФОНОВ , Т.В. ХОДЖЕР , И.В. ЧЕЛИБАНОВ , В.П. ЧЕЛИБАНОВ , В.В. ШИРОТОВ , Ю.А. ШТАБКИН , К.А. ШУКУРОВ
Published: November 2024

Озон в тропосфере в высоких концентрациях является сильнодействующим ядом и мощным окислителем, крайне негативно воздействующим на биологические объекты и объекты окружающей среды. Поэтому весьма актуально исследование динамики его концентрации во всех регионах планеты. По данным мониторинга рассматривается распределение тропосферного озона на территории России в 2023 г. в приземном слое воздуха, а также его вертикальное распределение по результатам самолетного зондирования. Показано, что во всех пунктах измерений превышались предельно допустимые среднесуточные концентрации, установленные отечественным гигиеническим нормативом: максимальные разовые, среднесуточные и среднегодовые. В связи со сложившейся ситуацией необходимы широкое информирование населения о результатах мониторинга и разработка природоохранных мероприятий по снижению уровня концентрации озона и его прекурсоров в приземном слое воздуха. Результаты работы могут быть полезны специалистам в области физики атмосферы, климатологии, охраны окружающей среды, а также административным органам разных уровней.

The relevance of studying the dynamics of ozone concentration is due to the fact that at high concentrations it is a potent poison and a powerful oxidizer that extremely negatively impacts both biological objects and the environment. Based on the monitoring data, the paper examines the distribution of tropospheric ozone in Russia in 2023 in the surface air layer, as well as its vertical distribution based on the results of aircraft sounding. It is shown that the maximum allowable daily average concentrations established by the domestic hygienic standard, maximum single, daily average, and annual average, were exceeded at all measurement points. The current situation necessitates widespread public awareness of the results of monitoring and the development of environmental measures to reduce the concentration of ozone and its precursors in the surface air layer.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ШИРИНЫ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОЙ ЛИНИИ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НА ЯРКОСТЬ НАТРИЕВОЙ ЛАЗЕРНОЙ ОПОРНОЙ ЗВЕЗДЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ СРЕДНЕШИРОТНОЙ АТМОСФЕРЫ
Authors: Л.А. БОЛЬБАСОВА , С.А. ЕРМАКОВ , В.П. ЛУКИН
Published: November 2024

Техника лазерных опорных звезд (ЛОЗ) является неотъемлемой частью современных адаптивных оптических систем наземных телескопов. Требования к энергетическим, спектральным и пространственно-временным характеристикам лазерного излучателя для создания натриевых ЛОЗ, как и к адаптивной оптической системе в целом, во многом связаны с атмосферными параметрами места расположения телескопа. Одним из аспектов оптимизации яркости натриевой ЛОЗ является выбор ширины линии лазерного излучения. На основе численного моделирования взаимодействия поляризованного лазерного излучения с круговой поляризацией с мезосферными атомами натрия в условиях среднеширотной атмосферы РФ оценено влияние ширины спектральной линии (от 10 МГц до 3,5 ГГц) лазерного излучения на величину обратного потока фотонов от натриевой лазерной опорной звезды. Эти исследования необходимы для определения требований к параметрам излучателя при создании ЛОЗ. Показано, что использование широкоплосных лазерных источников приводит к уменьшению числа фотонов от ЛОЗ. Эти результаты могут быть использованы при разработке адаптивных оптических систем, работающих по сигналу лазерной опорной звезды.

The technique of laser reference stars is an integral part of modern adaptive optical systems of ground-based telescopes. The requirements for the energy, spectral, and spatiotemporal characteristics of a laser beam for creating sodium laser guide star, as well as for the adaptive optical system as a whole, are largely related to the atmospheric parameters of telescope site. One aspect of optimizing the brightness of a sodium laser guide star is the choice of linewidth of the laser. In this work, based on numerical simulation of the interaction of laser radiation with mesospheric sodium atoms under the conditions of midlatitude atmosphere in the Russian Federation, the effect of laser bandwidth on the magnitude of the return photon flux from a sodium laser guide star is estimated to determine the requirements for the parameters of the laser. Results are presented for laser radiation with circular polarizations and linewidths from 10 MHz to 3.5 GHz.