bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Критерий равномерной сходимости негармонических синус-рядов
Authors: Oganesyan Kristina Artakovna
Published: December 2020

Показано, что для неотрицательной монотонной последовательности $\{c_k\}$ условие $c_kk\to 0$ является достаточным для равномерной сходимости ряда $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_k\sin k^{\alpha} x$ на любом ограниченном множестве при $\alpha\in (0,2)$, а при нечетном $\alpha$ - для равномерной сходимости на всем $\mathbb{R}$. Более того, последнее утверждение остается верным при замене $k^{\alpha}$ на любой многочлен степени $\alpha$ по нечетным степеням с рациональными коэффициентами. В случае же четного $\alpha$ для сходимости указанного ряда в точке $\pi/2$ или в точке $2\pi/3$ необходимо, чтобы выполнялось $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_k<\infty$. В соответствии с этим получены критерии равномерной сходимости, причем результаты для натурального $\alpha$ остаются справедливыми для последовательностей из более широкого класса $\mathrm{RBVS}$.
Библиография: 17 названий.
ỨNG DỤNG MÔ HÌNH DNDC TÍNH TOÁN PHÁT THẢI KHÍ NHÀ KÍNH TỪ HOẠT ĐỘNG CANH TÁC LÚA NƯỚC TẠI HUYỆN CÁI BÈ-TIỀN GIANG
Authors: DINH VAN KHUONG , HOANG TRANG , HUNG ANH LE , SUSANNE ROTTER VERA
Published: December 2020

Ở Việt Nam, canh tác lúa nước chịu trách nhiệm lớn trong phát thải khí nhà kính quốc gia. Gần đây, việc sử dụng các mô hình để mô phỏng và ước lượng phát thải từ các cánh đồng lúa đã được các nhà khoa học chú ý do tính cấp thiết và những khó khăn trong thực hiện đo đạc thực địa. Mô hình DeNitrification & DeComposition (DNDC) thường được sử dụng để mô hình phát thải khí nhà kính từ các cánh đồng lúa và một số nước đã phát triển mô hình DNDC của riêng họ. Tuy nhiên, hiện chưa có phiên bản mô hình DNDC riêng cho Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc sử dụng mô hình DNDC để phát thải khí nhà kính từ canh tác lúa nước ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long(ĐBSCL), Việt Nam.Địa điểm nghiên cứu này thuộc xã Hậu Mỹ Bắc B (HMBB), tỉnh Tiền Giang - một vùng sản xuất lúa điển hình với 3 vụ / năm ở ĐBSCL. Để thực hiện nghiên cứu này, thông tin về khí hậu địa phương và hoạt động canh tác được nghiên cứu tại thực địa trong một năm từ 05/03/2017 đến 04/03/2018 (365 ngày) đã được thu thập, các dữ liệu của điều kiện thực tế được tìm thấy cánh đồng lúa sẽ được nhập vào mô hình sau đó được để ước tính lượng khí thải nhà kính từ canh tác lúa trong 1 năm. Nghiên cứu này cũng phân tích độ nhạy của mô hình DNDC được điều chỉnh với các biến thể của các yếu tố khác nhau bao gồm ba nhóm chính là dữ liệu khí hậu, kết cấu đất và phương pháp canh tác. Kết quả tính toán cho thấy, trong một năm hoạt động canh tác lúa nước tại xã HMBB thải ra lượng khí thải CH4 và N2O ước tính lần lượt là 8311 kg CO2eq/ha and 8208 CO2 eq/ha. Phân tích độ nhạy cho thấy phát thải CH4 bị ảnh hưởng đáng kể bởi yếu tố thời gian ngập nước trong quá trình tưới trong khi phát thải N2O bị ảnh hưởng bởi các yếu tố về tính chất đất đất bao gồm cacbon hữu trong đất (SOC) và pH. Các yếu tố lượng mưa trung bình hàng ngày và tổng lượng phân bón NPK 20-20-15 TE sử dụng mỗi năm có tác động không đáng kể. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này khá tương đồng với một số nghiên cứu khác cũng đã được thực hiện tại Việt Nam. Do đó cần phải thực hiện thêm nhiều nghiên cứu về mô hình DNDC để kiểm tra độ phù hợp của nó trong việc mô phỏng phát thải khí nhà kính ở Việt Nam và để xây dựng phiên bản rành riêng cho Việt Nam.
Pesantren Kilat Ramadhan di Surau Ar-Rahman Sungai Beringin Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir
Authors: Erdawati Sri , Sain Moh. , Siagian Seri Yanti
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the Ramadhan Islamic Boarding program conducted at Surau Ar-Rahman, Sungai Beringin Village, Tembilahan, Indragiri Hilir. It was necessary because it can provide education, training, and guidance to the younger generation, especially children and youth in reading short chapters of the Al-Quran with correct recitation, train and develop their memories so they can apply at least either obligatory or circumcision prayers. This program aimed at attracting participants' attention became constantly coming to the mosque, directing them to be positive, and performing beneficial activities during Ramadhan. This Ramadhan Islamic Boarding program was embraced enthusiastically and successfully because it affected participants' understanding of reading the Al-Quran. At the end of the program, they can read short chapters of Al-Quran with correct tajwid, including memorizing great short chapters of the Al-Quran.
Analisis Parameter Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Menggunakan Metode Backpropagation Pada Pengenalan Pola Angka
Authors: Haryanto
Published: December 2020

Jaringan Saraf Tiruan merupakan suatu disiplin ilmu dalam kecerdasan buatan yang banyak digunakan saat ini. Meskipun banyak aplikasi menjanjikan yang dapat dilakukan oleh jaringan saraf tiruan, namun jaringan saraf tiruan juga memiliki beberapa keterbatasan umum. salah satunya adalah ketidakakuratan hasil yang diperoleh. Oleh sebab itu, penulis merancang suatu sistem penerapan jaringan saraf tiruan untuk pengenalan angka menggunakan metode Backpropagation dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi yang menerapkan jaringan saraf tiruan dengan menggunakan metode Backpropagation untuk mengkonversi tulisan angka berupa citra menjadi digital dengan hasil yang akurat. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan untuk merancang jaringan saraf tiruan pengenalan angka dengan hasil yang akurat, perlu diperhatikan data input yang digunakan, parameter yang diset, serta kondisi saat iterasi selesai dilakukan.
SEED YIELD AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) AS AFFECTED BY SILICON APPLICATION UNDER A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE
Authors: Manaf Abdul , Shoukat Mehreen , Sher Ahmad , Qayyum Abdul , Nawaz Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a short duration, low input and highly drought tolerant conventional oilseed crop with high edible seed oil contents. This study was aimed to evaluate the response of four sesame genotypes to silicon (Si) application under a semi-arid climate. For this study, we hypothesized that Si application may improve seed yield, oil contents and fatty acid composition in sesame. The experimental design was a two factor-factorial randomized complete block, replicated four times, and the treatments were four sesame genotypes (TS-3, SG-120, SG-169 and SG-170) and three Si levels (0, 22 and 44 kg ha-1). The data was analyzed statistically with the ‘Statistics 8.1’ software. The genotype TS-3 had the highest (p£0.05) seed yield (479.1 kg ha-1), oil content (40.2%), oleic acid (41.8%), and the lowest content of palmitic acid (6.37%) and linoleic acid (38.5%). Silicon application significantly enhanced the seed yield, oil and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acid) contents and reduced the saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acid) over control. The highest seed yield (487.8 kg ha-1), oil contents (38%), oleic acid (40.9%), linoleic acid (41.7%), as well as the lowest palmitic acid (6.49%) and stearic acid (3.66%) were recorded with the application of 44 kg Si ha-1. The seed yield of sesame genotypes followed the order TS-3>SG-120>SG-169>SG-170.
Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages
Authors:   Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 101 South Webster Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53707, USA
Published: December 2020

Abstract.—Freshwater resources are threatened by multiple stressors, and identifying the relative roles of each is necessary for effective management. The relative contributions of eutrophication and climate change to the loss of coldwater fish habitat was estimated for 5,220 stratified lakes in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. A hypolimnetic oxygen model was coupled with a landscape disturbance model to estimate change in oxythermal habitat since European settlement. The general additive model predicted late-summer oxythermal habitat conditions as a function of remotely sensed Secchi depth (mean of 1995–2014 values), geometry ratio (area0.25/maximum depth), and mean July air temperature (1995–2014). The use of the remotely sensed water-clarity variable allowed modeling of lakes that do not have in situ water-quality data. The landscape disturbance model predicted remotely sensed water clarity as a function of levels of catchment land-use disturbance, geometry ratio, and proportion of glacial outwash soils in each catchment. Historic coldwater habitat was estimated for undisturbed landscape conditions and an earlier period of climate and then compared to contemporary conditions. Eutrophication and climate change substantially reduced coldwater fish habitat over the past century in many stratified lakes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. The greatest loss of coldwater habitat occurred in lakes with substantial land-use changes in their catchments, primarily in the Great Plains and Eastern Temperate Forests ecoregions. Oxythermal habitat in many other lakes in the Northern Forests ecoregion remained intact, with only modest changes primarily because of warming climate. To maintain coldwater habitat, deep, clear lakes in the forested ecoregions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan should receive high priority for catchment protection efforts. Protective catchment land-use measures will be needed for coldwater fish to survive further climate warming.
Turizm sektörünün bölgesel kalkınma üzerindeki rolü: Kayseri iline yönelik nitel bir araştırma
Authors: ŞANLIOĞLU Ömer , DEMİREZEN Bilgehan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Kayseri ilinin kalkınma sürecinde son yıllarda daha fazla gündeme gelen turizm sektörünün rolü ve potansiyeli incelenmektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve ildeki 20 turizm sektörü paydaşı ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ulusal ve uluslararası literatürle de uyumlu olacak şekilde turizm sektörünün Kayseri iline sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel açıdan çeşitli faydalar sağladığı (istihdam ve gelir artışı, kültür alışverişi, çevrenin korunması vb.), ancak destinasyonun farklı özelliklerinden kaynaklanan bazı nedenlerden dolayı (turizmin bölgede henüz gelişmeye başlaması, mevsimsellik sorunu, yatırım, tanıtım ve pazarlama eksikliği vb.) bu katkıların sınırlı düzeyde kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan Kayseri ili turizm potansiyelinin kalkınma açısından önemli bir itici faktör olabileceği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Poli de producție ai romanului românesc (1901-1932): Rețele editoriale și forme de canonizare
Authors: Goldiș Alex , Borza Cosmin , Gârdan Daiana , Modoc Emanuel , Morariu David , Varga Dragoș
Published: December 2020

The following study employs a quantitative analysis of the Romanian novelistic production from the period 1901-1932. By using the literary corpus developed by the research project ASTRA Data Mining. The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel 1901-1932, implemented by ASTRA National Museum Complex, this paper focuses on the secondary canonical writers (with their “b-sides and rarities”), the novelists’ origins, the abundance and the geographical nodes of production, in order to investigate the dynamic relation between national cultural centers and their respective editorial networks, as well as the mechanisms of canonization within the Romanian novel of the period.
The community Walmart uncertainty model: A review of ownership and capital structure aspects
Authors: Muda Iskandar , Indra Naleni , Dharsuky Abikusno
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the ideal aspects of ownership structure and capital structure in determining the uncertainty model of operational of Walmart. This type of research is an explanatory survey using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative method is carried out by descriptive analysis by conducting a field survey using a questionnaire designed in such a way. Respondents of this study were the 78 managers of the community minimart in Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia who were selected by purposive sampling method. Meanwhile, the quantitative method was carried out using SEM PLS analysis by analyzing the indicators of aspects of ownership structure, capital structure and dimensions of operational success. The results show that the capital structure variable had a significant effect on Walmart's operational success. Meanwhile, the ownership structure variable had no significant effect on Walmart's operational success. The novelty that is produced from this research is that the success of community self-service is determined by the capital structure. Capital is an obstacle faced by community supermarkets because with limited capital it is difficult for community supermarkets to expand their business.
The Impact of Financial Development on Corporate Performance: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Doan Thu-Trang Thi , Bui Toan Ngoc
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the impact of financial development on corporate performance. Particularly, financial development is approximated by the parallel development of the banking system and stock market, which is expected to demonstrate the multidimensional nature in financial development. Specially, we consider the influence of financial development on corporate performance by exploring the theoretical and empirical works, a novel way of approaching the problem. We analyse the data of logistics sector and financial development in Vietnam, an economy whose logistics sector is relatively limited and financial development is quite fledging, but has enormous potential. Therefore, this study is expected to identify a number of unprecedented findings. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is chosen for the analysis to ensure the reliable results. We successfully find that the banking system plays an essential role in enhancing corporate performance while the stock market does not perform this role. Admittedly, this is an interesting finding which brings the novelty of this study.
Preparation and study of the entanglement of the Schrödinger cat state on the ibmq-melbourne quantum computer
Authors: Kuzmak A.R. , Tkachuk V.M.
Published: December 2020

We study the entanglement between a certain qubit and the remaining system in the Schrödinger cat state prepared on the ibmq-melbourne quantum computer. The protocol, which we use for this purpose, is based on the determination of the mean value of spin corresponding to a certain qubit. We explore the dependence of the entanglement on a parameter of the Schrödinger cat state which consists of different numbers of qubits. In addition, we explore the entanglement of each qubit with the remaining system in the maximum entangled Schrödinger cat state.
A pedagogical derivation of dynamical susceptibilities
Authors: Nesselrodt R.D. , Freericks J.K.
Published: December 2020

Dynamical two-particle susceptibilites are important for a wide range of different experiments in condensed-matter physics and beyond. Nevertheless, most textbooks avoid describing how to derive such response functions, perhaps because they are viewed as too complex. In the literature, most derivations work with generalized susceptibilities, which are more general, but require an even higher layer of complexity. In this work, we show a more direct derivation in the context of model Hamiltonians which can be mapped directly onto an impurity model. We also present an alternative derivation for the irreducible vertex in the context of the Falicov-Kimball model.
Distribution and volume of rocks in sedimentary basins – unusual case of the South Caspian basin
Authors:   Oil and Gas Institute of ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan, Guliyev I.S. , Abdullayev N.R. ,   BP, United Kingdom, Huseynova Sh.M. ,   Oil and Gas Institute of ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: December 2020

The article gives a brief overview of the sedimentary cover of the Earth and summarizes volumes and mass of sediments contained in the Earth sedimentary layer (stratisphere). Using available data authors show unique nature of the South Caspian Basin and other rapidly subsiding basins with large amount of sediments and attenuated crust. Sedimentary, crustal and lithospheric thickness correlations are discussed.
Microstructure of WC–Co–VN carbide catrix for drilling tools diamond-containing materials
Authors:   Institute for Superhard Materials, Ukraine National Academy of Sciences , Kiev, Ukraine, Bondarenko N.A. , Mechnik V.A. ,   Institute for Superhard Materials, Ukraine National Academy of Sciences , Kiev, Ukraine, Hasanov R.A. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Baku, Azerbaijan, Kolodnitsky V.N. ,   Institute for Superhard Materials, Ukraine National Academy of Sciences , Kiev, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The results of studies aimed at improving the structure and performance characteristics of carbide matrices WC-Co samples, formed by cold pressing and thereafter hot pressing, for drilling tools diamond-containing materials. It is shown that the introduction of vanadium nitride in an amount of 3% into the composition of the starting materials 94WC-6Co provides an increase in the hardness of the sample from 22.8 to 34.2 GPa, the strength limit in compression from 4800 to 5340 MPa and bending from 2200 to 2280 MPa, as well as reduction of wear intensity from 1710×10-6 to 5200×10-6 g/m. The revealed effect of the formation of a fine-grained structure of a carbide matrix WC-Co-VN with increased mechanical and operational characteristics indicates the need for their use in the development of effective tools for drilling oil and gas wells.
Asphaltenes behavior during petroleum reservoirs acidizing (a molecular-scale onset study)
Authors:   University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, Yaseen Salah , Mansoori G. Ali ,   University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Published: December 2020

In the present study, we report our findings on asphaltenic sludge formation onset during petroleum reservoir acidizing treatment. To achieve this goal, we perform a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at high temperature and pressure (550 K, 200 bar) on asphaltenic-oil (containing different molecular structures of asphaltenes) /hydrochloric acid (HCl) systems. Our simulation results indicate formation of asphaltenic sludge onset due to reservoir acidizing. Accumulation of the ionized asphaltenes at the oil/aqueous interface is the cause of sludge formation onset. Presence of ionized asphaltenes at the oil/water interface is attributed to the strong ion-ion interaction between ionized asphaltenes and acid ions (H+ and Cl-). Sludge formation onset is further stabilized via hydrogen bonding forces between ionized asphaltenes and interfacial water.
Prospects for geochemical analysis of oil in the development of offshore projects
Authors:   Atyrau Branch of KMG Engineering, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Sarsenbekov N.D. , Barlybaeva L.M. ,   Atyrau Branch of KMG Engineering, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Dosmukhambetov A.D. ,   Atyrau Branch of KMG Engineering, Atyrau, Kazakhstan
Published: December 2020

Genetic types of the studied oil samples based on fingerprinting can help to deal with many problems, including in the development of offshore projects. The application of the innovative technologies of foreign companies by specialists of domestic companies not only helps to solve key issues of finding sources of environmental problems, for example, the source of an oil spill, but also allows one to reduce the cost and time for elimination of such emergencies significantly. This report presents the results of the laboratory's analysis to determine the conditional source of oil spill pollution of the Caspian Sea.
Problems and methods of hydraulic fracturing in multilayered oil reservoirs with the continuous perforation
Authors:   Atyrau branch of «KMG Engineering» LLP, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Shaken M.Sh.
Published: December 2020

One of the most common problems during hydraulic fracturing (HF) in the oil fields of Kazakhstan is a continuous perforation of all productive layers in the section of pay zone, which subsequently causes many risks of a different nature during fracking operations and difficulties in the development of oil reserves. Despite the historical reality, which is an actual problem, there are currently attempts to do fracturing in such difficult conditions. The main complicating factor is the formation of not one long fracture, but the development of several short fractures parallel to each other. This necessitates further development of technology in order to improve the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing.
Increase of condensation for gas-condensate discharges at the finishing stage of development
Authors:   Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Khalilov M.S.
Published: December 2020

Based on a two-phase multicomponent filtration model, the process of retrograde condensate extraction at the final stage of the development of a gas-condensate reservoir was investigated, with the creation of a volume of ethane rims in the reservoir with subsequent injection of the separated gas. It has been established that ethane dissolves in a retrograde condensate during continuous mass exchange between the phases of the system, creates a shaft of liquid hydrocarbons higher than critical at the front of displacement, at which two-phase filtration begins, which allows for the development of reserves of retrograde hydrocarbon condensate and, ultimately, provides effective reservoir development.
Mechanisms of polymer retention in porous media
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Veliyev E.F.
Published: December 2020

Polymer flooding is one of the main enhanced oil recovery methods that have been actively used since the late 1960s. However, despite the significant gained experience of both laboratory and field research, this technology still continues to develop from year to year, revealing more and more new factors and challenges that are necessary aspects for successful implementation. Estimation of retained polymer amount by the porous medium is one of the key factors. The article discusses the main mechanisms and factors affecting retention process, as well as methods for determining the amount of retained polymer when flooding the solution through porous medium in laboratory conditions.
Forecasting of the technological parameters of the oil displacement with the various mineral content water in the clay storage collector
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Feyzulaev H.A. , Agalarova S.V. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: December 2020

A multicomponent hydrodynamic model of the process of oil displacement with water with different mineralogical composition in clay-containing collectors is proposed on the basis of combination of equations of continuity, filtration law and equation of state, equation of salt concentration in water and equation of saturation between phases which enables prediction of process parameters of oil displacement with fresh and formation waters with and without consideration of clay swelling.
Gastronomic product in the function of development of different forms of tourism in Srem district
Authors: Vukolić Dragan
Published: December 2020

Food and drinks represent a very important segment in tourist offers that mutually participate in development of a certain touristic region or a specifically defined form of tourism. In certain countries, there are good examples of how gastronomic offer influenced the positive development of different forms of tourism. Gastronomic tourism represents a subset of cultural tourism where history, tourism and food habits of a certain environment are revealed. Other than this form of tourism, there are other ones that are directly or indirectly tied to gastronomic tourism. Other than cultural, wine, religious and other forms of tourism cam be directly tied to gastronomic. The goal of this paper is to show the gastronomic potentials of the Srem district in Republic of Serbia and how they can influence the development of different, certain forms of tourism. The aim of this paper is to show the significance of certain gastronomic products that are prepared and their direct influence on certain forms of tourism of Srem district.
Complaint Redressal System of Banks: Comparison of Customers and Bankers Perception
Authors: Gupta Rupali , Kumar Babita , Banga Gagandeep
Published: December 2020

The paper attempts to analyze and compare customers’ and bankers perception and behaviour towards complaint redressal system of banks. The study was conducted in three most populated districts (Amritsar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar) of Punjab, India. From each district 3 public (SBI, PNB and Punjab and Sind Bank) and 3 private sector banks (HDFC Bank, Axis Bank and ICICI Bank) having maximum number of branches were chosen. From each bank, one branch operating in rural and one in urban area was selected randomly. Hence, a total of 36 branches were contacted. From each branch 20 customers and 2-3 officers/managers were surveyed through a structured and non disguised questionnaire based on complaint redressal system of banks namely Banking Ombudsman. Thus, survey was administered on 720 customers (36*20=720) and 72 bankers (36*2=72). Findings highlighted that very few customers were aware about customer complaint redressal system. Banks do not provide much information about complaint redressal system resulting in most of the customers not complaining about the problems faced by them. Hence, a gap was found between problems faced by the customers and complaints received by the bankers.
Urban Transport Infrastructure and Population Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Bamenda City, Cameroon
Authors: Kuma Chianebeng Japhet , Samba Gideon , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon
Published: December 2020

Transportation infrastructure has become one of the key development factors in urban centers of sub-Saharan Africa. However, a nuanced understanding of the links between the state of urban transport structures and the mutations in urban populations exist. We contribute to clarify this nuance, by using a case study of Bamenda – a primate city par excellence. Bamenda provides an interesting case study because of its centrality and it rapidly growing population. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we randomly surveyed 400 household heads within the urban hub of Bamenda. This data was complemented with key informant and expert interviews to target stakeholders. Multiple Linear Regression analysis (at 0.05 levels of significance) led us to the following conclusions: location choice was influenced by a combination of transport structures, commercialization, land affordability, labour and educational factors, and where transportation factors are prioritized over other factors in location selection and spatial population concentration in Bamenda. The study findings contribute to edify urban development planning, with regards to unbundling the links between transport infrastructure and the dynamics of urban population. Further empirical evidence is required to ground this assertion.
Risk Communication
Authors: Zalk David M.
Published: December 2020

Environment, health, and safety (EHS) professionals have dedicated their careers to develop the skills, knowledge, and abilities necessary to become effective specialists. Although communication of risk is an important component of their chosen discipline, little time is dedicated to the educational process to teach effective strategies for having a constructive dialog with workers. Learning how to communicate risk with workers is probably the most important lesson for field practitioners to learn if the end goal is achieving recognition, control, and long‐term prevention of workplace hazards. Risk communication challenges faced by individual EHS disciplines can vary greatly and are further affected by the type of audience, message delivered, and how well the information is understood. Presented are models and strategies that assist in simplifying and standardizing the language that can be used by EHS professionals for communicating risk to any audience. In addition, these risk communication strategies can also benefit discussions within and between EHS disciplines, to enhance a multidisciplinary risk management program. A clear and consistent risk communication helps to ensure that all those listening can understand the risks being communicated and comprehend what their roles and responsibilities are to ensure workplace risks are minimized or eliminated.
Association of long working hours and health-related productivity loss, and its differential impact by income level: A cross-sectional study of the Korean workers
Authors: Lee Dong-Wook , Lee Jongin , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul , Kang Mo-Yeol
Published: December 2020

Objectives

We aimed to explore the association between long working hours and health-related productivity loss (HRPL), due to either sickness, absenteeism or presenteeism, stratified by household income level.

Methods

From January 2020 to February 2020, data were collected using a web-based questionnaire. A total of 4197 participants were randomly selected using the convenience sampling method. The nonparametric association between weekly working hours and HRPL was determined. Subsequently, a stratified analysis was conducted according to household income (1st, 2nd, and 3rd tertiles). Finally, the differences in HRPL of the different working hour groups (<40, 40, 40-51, and ≥52 hours) were investigated using a multivariate linear regression model.

Results

Long working hours were more significantly associated with HRPL, as compared to the ‘standard’ working hours (40 hours/week). A larger proportion of productivity loss was associated with the presenteeism of workers, rather than absenteeism. The relationship between HRPL and weekly working hours was more prominent in the lower household income group.

Conclusions

The results of our study indicate that HRPL is associated with long working hours, especially in the lower household income group. Reducing the workload for the individual employee to a manageable level and restructuring sick leave policies to effectively counteract absenteeism and presenteeism may be a feasible option for better labor productivity and employee health.
The importance of organizational climate for psychosocial safety in the prevention of sexual harassment at work
Authors: Tan Malvin Ping Chieng , Kwan Sharon Sam Mee , Yahaya Azizi , Maakip Ismail , Voo Peter
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Workplace sexual harassment is a prominent issue in Malaysia. Although the subject of sexual harassment has been researched for over two decades, information on how organizations could effectively prevent workplace sexual harassment is limited. The researchers investigated the importance of organizational climate for psychosocial safety of workplace sexual harassment prevention.

Methods

Purposive random sampling was utilized to recruit participants in the study. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with Malaysian employees (N = 20) from various organizations. The study applied the Grounded Theory Approach (Glaser & Strauss, 1976) to identify the participants’ coping strategies in dealing with sexual harassment that occurred at their workplace.

Results

The interviews revealed that both genders were potential victims or witnesses of workplace sexual harassment. Since many Malaysian organizations do not implement any workplace sexual harassment prevention, most of the victims and witnesses tend to use passive self-coping approaches. Typically, policy and guidelines implementation would encourage employees to voice their concerns; however, we discovered that participants’ motivation to use active coping strategies depended on organizational role rather than the policy and guidelines implementation. Surprisingly, we also found out that participants from zero policy organizations used active coping strategies when the sexual harassment reached intolerable levels.

Conclusion

Organizations play a critical role in helping and supporting both victims and witnesses deal with sexual harassment at the workplace. Organizational climate for psychosocial safety is therefore crucial in the primary and secondary prevention of sexual harassment at work.
Colloidal Mie Resonators for All‐Dielectric Metaoptics
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroshi , Fujii Minoru
Published: December 2020

High refractive index dielectric nanostructures exhibiting electric and magnetic Mie resonances offer a powerful platform for realizing unprecedented control of electromagnetic waves at the nanoscale and enhanced light–matter interactions. Dielectric metasurfaces with a variety of functionalities are realized due to the recent developments of nanofabrication technologies. In addition, colloidal dispersions of high refractive index dielectric nanoparticles have emerged as a special form of metamaterials that leads to a wider range of applications in photonics. This review focuses on the recent developments of colloidal Mie resonators made of moderate (2.5–3.5) to high (>3.5) refractive index dielectrics operating in the visible to near‐infrared range. Starting from the brief summary of fundamental properties of spherical dielectric nanoparticles, fabrication methods of colloidal Mie resonators composed of different materials and optical functionalities such as the enhanced light–matter interactions, the chirality, and the structural color generation are overviewed.
Photocatalysis in Dual Catalysis Systems for Carbon‐Nitrogen Bond Formation
Authors: Singh Swati , Roy Vishal Jyoti , Dagar Neha , Sen Partha Pratim , Roy Sudipta Raha
Published: December 2020

The development of versatile methods for the formation of carbon‐nitrogen bonds has significant impact on the synthetic chemistry community. However, it remains challenging owing to the utilization of costly catalyst systems and harsh reaction conditions. Compared to conventional methods, photoredox catalysis which harnesses the energy from light has emerged as an environmentally benign and cost‐effective strategy for promoting challenging C−N bond constructions. Furthermore, the synergistic action of photoredox catalysis with another catalytic process has a profound impact on the reactivity profiles of many traditional synthetic routes. Over the recent years, immense progress has been made towards expediting photocatalysis in dual‐catalysis for achieving various industrially important C−N bond formation processes under milder conditions. This review highlights the advancement of the state‐of‐the‐art achieved in these dual‐catalytic platforms for the construction of C−N bonds over the last decade.

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Access to 10‐Phenanthrenols via Electrochemical C−H/C−H Arylation
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Yang Chenrui , Xiong Feng , Mao Meihua , Li Hongmei , Sun Junmei , Zou Liang , Ma Wenbo , Ackermann Lutz
Published: December 2020

A protocol for the synthesis of 10‐phenanthrenol from 1‐biphenyl‐2‐ylethanone bearing an electron‐withdrawing group through metal‐ and oxidant‐free C−H/C−H arylation has been established. The electrochemical intramolecular cycloaromatization avoids the use of excess amounts of chemical oxidizing agents, and provides concise and regio‐selective access to a variety of valuable 10‐phenanthrenol derivatives.

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Modeling maize and soybean responses to climatic change and soil degradation in a region of South America
Authors: Casali Lucía , Herrera Juan M. , Rubio Gerardo
Published: December 2020

Climatic change effects on crop yields are expected to be crop‐ and site specific. Here, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer models were used to evaluate climatic change effects and mitigation strategies on maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields in soils of the subtropical and semi‐arid region of Chaco. Simulations were performed for the DK747 and A8000 genotypes, calibrated for the CERES‐Maize model in a previous report and for the CROPGRO‐Soybean model in the present study, respectively. Both crops markedly differ in their response to climatic change and putative levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The observed significant reductions in maize yields in future climate scenarios (5–42% compared with the baseline, 1986–2010) were more associated with increased temperatures that shortened the crop cycle than with water stress. Delaying the sowing date is a feasible strategy to mitigate this effect. Projected temperature increases are expected to play a secondary role in determining soybean yields. Instead, water stress will continue to be an important constraint to soybean yield in the context of global warming, but this effect is strongly affected by rainfall regimes. Responses to raising CO2 levels were more pronounced in soybean (+10–40%) than in maize (+2–4%). Soil degradation exacerbated the negative effects of global warming on crop yields, especially on maize, which highlights the importance of soil conservation practices. The observed high interannual climatic variability and the different sensitivities of maize and soybean to climatic variables indicate that crop diversification would be the key to improve the resilience of the agrosystems under the future scenarios.
A pilot clinical trial with losartan in Myhre syndrome
Authors: Cappuccio Gerarda , Caiazza Martina , Roca Alessandro , Melis Daniela , Iuliano Antonella , Matyas Gabor , Rubino Marta , Limongelli Giuseppe , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Myhre syndrome (MS) is an ultra‐rare disorder due to pathogenic variants in the SMAD4 gene that encodes a protein regulating the TGF‐β pathway and extra‐cellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Main clinical features of MS include thickening of skin and joint stiffness. Previous studies showed that losartan improved ECM deposition in MS fibroblasts.

Materials and methods

Four molecularly confirmed MS subjects (mean age 23.8 ± 17 years) were evaluated for: (a) skin thickness by Rodnan score, (b) joint range of motion (ROM) by goniometry, and (c) speckle‐tracking echocardiogram. Following baseline evaluations, three MS individuals received losartan for 12 months and pre‐defined endpoints were monitored after 6 and 12 months of treatment.

Results

At baseline, Rodnan scores were increased, joint ROM was reduced, and speckle‐tracking echocardiogram revealed reduced myocardial strain. In three MS subjects, improvements in skin thickness, joint ROM and to a lesser extent of myocardial strain, were observed after 6 and 12 months of losartan treatment.

Conclusions

Although further long‐term controlled clinical trials with a larger number of affected individuals are needed, the present study suggests that losartan might improve skin, joint and heart abnormalities of MS.
Acute liver dysfunction with delayed peak of serum aminotransferase levels as a presentation of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in females
Authors: Clarkston Kathryn , Lee Joy , Donoghue Sarah , Peters Heidi , Eiroa Hernan , Shah Amit A. , Loomes Kathleen , Wen Jessica , Oliver Mark , Hardikar Winita , Prada Carlos E. , Asai Akihiro
Published: December 2020

We describe 10 females with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and liver dysfunction, revealing a unique pattern of hepatocyte injury in which initial hyperammonemia and coagulopathy is followed by a delayed peak in aminotransferase levels. None of the patients required urgent liver transplantation, though five eventually underwent transplant for recurrent metabolic crises. We intend that this novel observation will initiate further investigations into the pathophysiology of liver dysfunction in OTC‐deficient patients, and ultimately lead to the development of therapies and prevent the need for liver transplant.
n‐Type Rigid Semiconducting Polymers Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Side Chains for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Chen Xingxing , Marks Adam , Paulsen Bryan D. , Wu Ruiheng , Rashid Reem B. , Chen Hu , Alsufyani Maryam , Rivnay Jonathan , McCulloch Iain
Published: December 2020

N‐type conjugated polymers as the semiconducting component of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are still undeveloped with respect to their p‐type counterparts. Herein, we report two rigid n‐type conjugated polymers bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains, PgNaN and PgNgN, which demonstrated an essentially torsion‐free π‐conjugated backbone. The planarity and electron‐deficient rigid structures enable the resulting polymers to achieve high electron mobility in an OECT device of up to the 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 range, with a deep‐lying LUMO energy level lower than −4.0 eV. Prominently, the polymers exhibited a high device performance with a maximum dimensionally normalized transconductance of 0.212 S cm−1 and the product of charge‐carrier mobility μ and volumetric capacitance C* of 0.662±0.113 F cm−1 V−1 s−1, which are among the highest in n‐type conjugated polymers reported to date. Moreover, the polymers are synthesized via a metal‐free aldol‐condensation polymerization, which is beneficial to their application in bioelectronics.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Assisted Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Acyclic β‐Hydroxy Amides
Authors: Porey Arka , Mondal Bhaskar Deb , Guin Joyram
Published: December 2020

Enantioenriched acyclic α‐substituted β‐hydroxy amides are valuable compounds in chemical, material and medicinal sciences, but their enantioselective synthesis remains challenging. A catalytic kinetic resolution (KR) of such amides with selectivity factor(s) up to >200 is developed via enantioselective acylation of primary alcohol with N‐heterocyclic carbene. An enhanced selectivity for the catalytic KR process is realized using cyclic tertiary amine as base additive. Diastereomeric transition state models for the process are proposed to rationalize the origin of enantioselectivity.
Photogenerated Holes Mediated Nitric Oxide Production for Hypoxic Tumor Treatment
Authors: Fang Xiao , Cai Shuxian , Wang Min , Chen Zhaowei , Lu Chunhua , Yang Huanghao
Published: December 2020

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signal molecule with multiple physiological functions, and it also plays a key role in cancer therapy. However, the production of NO which depends on O2 or H2O2 is limited within the tumor microenvironment, leading to unsatisfactory anticancer effect. Herein, we report a NO‐based phototherapeutic strategy mediated by photogenerated holes for hypoxic tumors, which is achieved by irradiation of the poly‐L‐arginine modified carbon‐dots‐doped graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterial (ArgCCN). Upon red light irradiation, the photogenerated holes on ArgCCN oxidized water into H2O2 which subsequently oxidized the arginine residues to produce NO. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the high concentration of NO produced by ArgCCN could induce cancer cell apoptosis. The presented phototherapeutic strategy is based on microenvironment‐independent photogenerated holes mediated oxidation reaction, paving the way for the development of NO therapeutic strategy.
Die Wechselwirkung mit ribosomalen Proteinen begleitet die Stressinduktion des Wirkstoffkandidaten BOLD‐100/KP1339 im endoplasmatischen Retikulum
Authors: Neuditschko Benjamin , Legin Anton A. , Baier Dina , Schintlmeister Arno , Reipert Siegfried , Wagner Michael , Keppler Bernhard K. , Berger Walter , Meier‐Menches Samuel M. , Gerner Christopher
Published: December 2020

Der metallhaltige Wirkstoff BOLD‐100/KP1339 zeigte bereits vielversprechende Resultate in verschiedenen In vitro‐ und In vivo‐Tumormodellen sowie in klinischen Studien. Der detaillierte Wirkmechanismus wurde jedoch noch nicht komplett aufgeklärt. Als entscheidende Wirkstoffeffekte kristallisierten sich kürzlich die Stressinduktion im endoplasmatischen Retikulum (ER) und die damit einhergehende Modulierung von HSPA5 (GRP78) heraus. Das spontane und stabile Addukt zwischen BOLD‐100 und menschlichem Serumalbumin wurde als Immobilisierungsstrategie ausgewählt, um einen chemoproteomischen Ansatz auszuführen, der die ribosomalen Proteine RPL10, RPL24 und den Transkriptionsfaktor GTF2I als potentielle Interaktoren dieser Ru(III)‐Verbindung identifizierten. Dieses Ergebnis wurde mit proteomischen und transkriptomischen Profiling‐Experimenten kombiniert, was die Interpretation einer ribosomalen Beeinträchtigung sowie der Induktion von ER‐Stress unterstützte. Die Bildung von Polyribosomen und begleitende ER‐Schwellungen in behandelten Krebszellen wurden zudem durch TEM‐Messungen bestätigt. Somit scheint eine direkte Wechselwirkung von BOLD‐100 mit ribosomalen Proteinen die ER‐Stressinduktion und die Modulierung von GRP78 in Krebszellen zu begleiten.
Multi‐Talented Gallaphosphene for Ga−P−Ga Heteroallyl Cation Generation, CO2 Storage, and C(sp3)−H Bond Activation
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard , Schulz Stephan
Published: December 2020

Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL (2; L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3)]2), which is synthesized by reaction of LGa(Cl)PCO (1) with LGa, reacts with [Na(OCP)(dioxane)2.5] to LGa(OCP)PGaL (3), whereas chloride abstraction with LiBArF4 yields [LGaPGaL][BArF4] (4; BArF4=B(C6F5)4). 4 represents a heteronuclear analog of the allyl cation according to quantum chemical calculations. Remarkably, 2 reversibly reacts with CO2 to yield L(Cl)Ga−P[μ‐C(O)O]2GaL (5), while reactions with acetophenone and acetone selectively give compounds 6 and 7 by C(sp3)−H bond activation.
Apparent Kinetics of Co‐Gasification of Biomass and Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO)
Authors: Al‐Attas Tareq A. , Lucky Rahima A. , Hossain Mohammad M.
Published: December 2020

This communication reports the beneficial effects of co‐gasification of biomass and residual oil to produce syngas. In this regard, various blends of glucose (a biomass surrogate) to vacuum gas oil (VGO) have been employed to investigate the synergic effects on the gasification process. The non‐isothermal co‐gasification experiments were conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates and gasifying agents. The analysis showed that the co‐gasification rate increased with the increase of glucose content in the feedstock. The presence of the oxygen in the biomass molecules helped the overall gasification process. The maximum gasification rate of 42.70 wt/min (DTGmax) was observed with 25 wt% glucose containing sample. The use of gasifying agents appeared to have some influence, especially during high temperature gasification of the glucose‐VGO blends. At a same gasification temperature, the co‐gasification rate of glucose‐VGO blends were found to be 125.7 wt/min and 98.59 wt%/min for N2 and CO2, respectively. The kinetics of the co‐gasification of glucose‐VGO blends was conducted based on modified random pore model using TGA experimental data and implemented in MATLAB. The estimated activation energy and rate constants were found to be consistent to the observed co‐gasification rates. The apparent activation energies of co‐gasification of VGO/biomass blends with different weight percentages shows values ranging 60.56–48.25 kJ/mol. The kinetics analysis suggested that the addition of biomass helped to increase the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy required for accomplishing the reactions compared with petroleum carbonaceous feedstocks. The reaction rate constants isotherms are plotted to show that the k‐values are exhibiting similar trends at moderate heating rates between 20 and 60 °C/min. This remark arises due to the nature of the reactions involved which are considered to be inherently similar in this range of heating rate.