bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow and Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are Ineffective for Myocardial Repair in an Immunodeficient Rat Model of Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tang Xian-Liang , Nasr Marjan , Zheng Shirong , Zoubul Taylor , Stephan Jonah K. , Uchida Shizuka , Singhal Richa , Khan Aisha , Gumpert Anna , Bolli Roberto , Wysoczynski Marcin
Published: July 2023

Background

Although cell therapy provides benefits for outcomes of heart failure, the most optimal cell type to be used clinically remains unknown. Most of the cell products used for therapy in humans require in vitro expansion to obtain a suitable number of cells for treatment; however, the clinical background of the donor and limited starting material may result in the impaired proliferative and reparative capacity of the cells expanded in vitro. Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal cells (WJ MSCs) provide a multitude of advantages over adult tissue-derived cell products for therapy. These include large starting tissue material, superior proliferative capacity, and disease-free donors. Thus, WJ MSC if effective would be the most optimal cell source for clinical use.

Objectives

This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy in rats.

Methods

Human WJ MSCs and BM MSCs were expanded in vitro, characterized, and evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in a immunodeficient rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac function was evaluated with hemodynamics and echocardiography. The extent of cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation was assessed with histological analysis.

Results

In vitro analysis revealed that WJ MSCs and BM MSCs are morphologically and immunophenotypically indistinguishable. Nevertheless, the functional analysis showed that WJ MSCs have a superior proliferative capacity, less senescent phenotype, and distinct transcriptomic profile compared to BM MSC. WJ MSCs and BM MSC injected in rat hearts chronically after MI produced a small, but not significant improvement in heart structure and function. Histological analysis showed no difference in the scar size, collagen content, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and immune cell count.

Conclusions

Human WJ and BM MSC have a small but not significant effect on cardiac structure and function when injected intramyocardially in immunodeficient rats chronically after MI.

Graphical Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract modulates biochemical and histomorphological changes in therapeutic model of high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized rats
Authors: Nagamma Takkella , Konuri Anjaneyulu , Bhat Kumar M. R. , Udupa Padmanabha E. G. , Nayak Yogendra
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the therapeutic effect of petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (PE-TFG) seed extract in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet. Rats were randomly grouped into sham ovariectomy (S.OVX), ovariectomy + high-fat diet (OVX + HFD), and treatment groups. The blood samples were collected, and lipid profile, glucose, hepatic markers, and inflammatory markers were estimated. Liver, kidney, and common carotid artery were isolated for histopathological observations. Liver samples were tested for antioxidant, oxidative stress markers, mRNA expression of adiponectin, and PPAR-γ. PE-TFG treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (18%), LDL (20%), hepatic markers (28%), leptin (17%), TNF-α (21%), and increased mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ. There was also micro- and macro-hepatic steatosis, inflammation in the liver, deteriorated tubules in the kidney, and increased tunica intima and media thickness of the common carotid artery. These pathological alterations were reversed with PE-TFG administration. This impact might be linked to phytoestrogens and other components in PE-TFG such as diosgenin, phenols, and flavonoids.
Microfluidic encapsulation of enzymes and steroids within solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Weaver Edward , Sommonte Federica , Hooker Andrew , Denora Nunzio , Uddin Shahid , Lamprou Dimitrios A.
Published: July 2023

The production of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) is challenging, especially when considering the incorporation of biologics. A novel in-house method of microfluidic production of biologic-encapsulated SLNs is proposed, using a variety of base materials for formulation to help overcome the barriers presented during manufacture and administration. Trypsin is used as a model drug for hydrophilic encapsulation whilst testosterone is employed as a positive non-biologic lipophilic control active pharmaceutical ingredient. Particle sizes obtained ranged from 160 to 320 nm, and a lead formulation has been identified from the combinations assayed, allowing for high encapsulation efficiencies (47–90%, respectively) of both the large hydrophilic and the small hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Drug release profiles were analysed in vitro to provide useful insight into sustained kinetics, providing data towards future in vivo studies, which displayed a slow prolonged release for testosterone and a quicker burst release for trypsin. The study represents a large leap forward in the field of SLN production, especially in the field of difficult-to-encapsulate molecules, and the technique also benefits from being more environmentally sustainable due to the use of microfluidics.

Graphical Abstract
$$\ell $$-away ACM bundles on Fano surfaces
Authors: Gawron Filip , Genc Ozhan
Published: July 2023

We propose the definition of $$\ell $$
ℓ
-away ACM bundle on a polarized variety $$(X, {\mathcal O}_{X}(h))$$

(
X
,

O
X

(
h
)

)

. Then we give constructions of $$\ell $$
ℓ
-away ACM bundles on $$({\mathbb {P}^{2}}, {\mathcal O}_{{\mathbb {P}^{2}}}(1))$$

(

P

2

,

O

P

2

(
1
)

)

, $$({\mathbb {P}^{1}} \times {\mathbb {P}^{1}}, {\mathcal O}_{{\mathbb {P}^{1}} \times {\mathbb {P}^{1}}}(1,1))$$

(

P

1

×

P

1

,

O

P

1

×

P

1

(
1
,
1
)

)

and the anticanonically polarized blow up of $${\mathbb {P}^{2}}$$

P

2

up to three non collinear points. Also, we give the complete classification of $$\ell $$
ℓ
-away ACM bundles $${\mathcal E}$$
E
of rank 2 for values $$1 \le \ell \le 2$$

1
≤
ℓ
≤
2

on $$({\mathbb {P}^{2}}, {\mathcal O}_{{\mathbb {P}^{2}}}(1))$$

(

P

2

,

O

P

2

(
1
)

)

. Similarly, on $$({\mathbb {P}^{1}} \times {\mathbb {P}^{1}}, {\mathcal O}_{{\mathbb {P}^{1}} \times {\mathbb {P}^{1}}}(1,1))$$

(

P

1

×

P

1

,

O

P

1

×

P

1

(
1
,
1
)

)

, we give such a classification if $$\textrm{det}({\mathcal E}) = {\mathcal O}_{{\mathbb {P}^{1}} \times {\mathbb {P}^{1}}}(a,a)$$

det

(
E
)

=

O

P

1

×

P

1

(
a
,
a
)

for some $$a \in \mathbb {Z}$$

a
∈
Z

. Moreover, we prove that the corresponding graded module $$\textrm{H}_*^1 ( {\mathcal E}) = {\bigoplus _{t \in \mathbb {Z}}} \textrm{H}^{1} ({\mathcal E}(th))$$

H

∗

1

(
E
)

=

⨁

t
∈
Z

H
1

(
E

(
t
h
)

)

is connected, extending the similar result for bundles on $${\mathbb {P}^{2}}$$

P

2

.
Tree-likeness of inverse limits with set-valued bonding functions
Authors: Juárez-Villa Leonardo , Puga Isabel
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we establish conditions under which the inverse limits with set-valued bonding functions are tree-like continua. We show that if we consider functions whose graphs are unions of the graphs of certain finite collections of set-valued functions, we obtain tree-like continua.
Stroke Experiences and Unmet Needs of Individuals of African Descent Living in High-Income Economy Countries: a Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Fakembe Semtetam Patience , Brown Racquel K. , Cameron Jill I. , Nelson Michelle L. A. , Kokorelias Kristina M. , Nekolaichuk Erica , Salbach Nancy M. , Munce Sarah , Tang Terence , Gray Carolyn Steele , Haghayegh Arta Taghavi , Colquhoun Heather
Published: July 2023

Background

Stroke service disparities experienced by individuals of African descent highlight the need to optimize services. While qualitative studies have explored participants’ unique experiences and service needs, a comprehensive synthesis is lacking. To address current knowledge gaps, this review aimed to synthesize existing literature on the experiences of individuals of African descent impacted by a stroke living in high-income economy countries in terms of stroke prevention, management, and care.

Methods

A qualitative meta-synthesis incorporating a meta-study approach was conducted to obtain comprehensive and interpretive insights on the study topic. Four databases were searched to identify qualitative English-language studies published in the year 2022 or earlier on the experiences of adults of African descent who were at risk or impacted by a stroke and living in high-income economy countries. Study methods, theory, and data were analyzed using descriptive and interpretive analyses.

Results

Thirty-seven studies met our inclusion criteria, including 29 journal articles and 8 dissertations. Multiple authors reported recruitment as a key challenge in study conduct. Multiple existing theories and frameworks of health behaviours, beliefs, self-efficacy, race, and family structure informed research positionality, questions, and analysis across studies. Participant experiences were categorized as (1) engagement in stroke prevention activities and responses to stroke symptoms, (2) self-management and self-identity after stroke, and (3) stroke care experiences.

Conclusions

This study synthesizes the experiences and needs of individuals of African descent impacted by stroke. Findings can help tailor stroke interventions across the stroke care continuum, as they suggest the need for intersectional and culturally humble care approaches.
Learning features from irrelevant domains through deep neural network
Authors: Wen Pengcheng , Zhang Yuhan , Wen Guihua
Published: July 2023

Features of data are much critical to the classification. However, when only small data are available, suitable features can not be easily obtained, easily leading to the bad classification performance. This paper propose a novel approach to automatically learns features from the irrelevant domain with much discriminative features for the given classification task. It first computes as the learning objectives the central vectors of each class in the irrelevant domain, and then uses machine learning method to automatically learn features for each sample in the target domain from these objectives. The merits of our method lie in that unlike the transfer learning, our method does not require the similarity between two domains. It can learn features from much discriminative domains. Its learned features are not limited to its original ones, unlike feature selection and feature extraction methods, so that the classification performance with the learned features can be better. Finally, our method is much general, simple, and efficient. Lots of experimental results validated the proposed method.
A novel three-stage multi-population evolutionary algorithm for constrained multi-objective optimization problems
Authors: Shi Chenli , Wang Ziqi , Jin Xiaohang , Xu Zhengguo , Wang Zhangsheng , Shen Peng
Published: July 2023

Lots of real-world optimization problems are inherently constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs), but the existing constrained multi-objective optimization evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs) often fail to balance convergence and diversity effectively. Therefore, a novel constrained multi-objective optimization evolutionary algorithm based on three-stage multi-population coevolution (CMOEA-TMC) for complex CMOPs is proposed. CMOEA-TMC contains two populations, called mainPop and helpPop, which evolve with and without consideration of constraints, respectively. The proposed algorithm divides the search process into three stages. In the first stage, fast convergence is achieved by transforming the original multi-objective problems into multiple single-objective problems. Coarse-grained parallel evolution of subpopulations in mainPop and guidance information provided by helpPop can facilitate mainPop to quickly approach the Pareto front. In the second stage, the objective function of mainPop changes to the original problem. Coevolution of mainPop and helpPop by sharing offsprings can produce solutions with better diversity. In the third stage, the mining of the global optimal solutions is performed, discarding helpPop to save computational resources. For CMOEA-TMC, the combination of parallel evolution, coevolution, and staging strategy makes it easier for mainPop to converge and maintain good diversity. Experimental results on 33 benchmark CMOPs and a real-world boiler combustion optimization case show that CMOEA-TMC is more competitive than the other five advanced CMOEAs.
Meromorphic functions without real critical values and related braids
Authors: Libgober Anatoly , Shapiro Boris
Published: July 2023

We study the open subset of the Hurwitz space, consisting of meromorphic functions of a given degree defined on closed Riemann surfaces of a given genus and having no real critical values, and enumerate its connected components in terms of braids. Specifically, to a function in this open set, we assign a braid in the braid group of the underlying closed surface and characterize all braids which might appear using this construction. We introduce the equivalence relation among these braids such that the braids corresponding to the meromorphic functions from the same connected component of the above Hurwitz space are equivalent while non-equivalent braids correspond to distinct connected components. Several special families of meromorphic functions, some applications, and further problems are discussed.
Seasonal and diel variations in the acoustic communication of tree hyraxes in Taita Hills, Kenya
Authors: Rosti Hanna , Pihlström Henry , Bearder Simon , Maeda Eduardo , Loehr John , Räsänen Matti , Mwangala Lucas , Maghenda Marianne , Pellikka Petri , Rikkinen Jouko
Published: July 2023

Tree hyraxes (Dendrohyrax spp.) are highly vocal, elusive nocturnal mammals that live in forests across much of Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we studied how tree hyrax acoustic communication activity varies during the year in a moist montane forest in Taita Hills, Kenya. Our study increases the knowledge about the seasonal and diel variation in tree hyrax calling activity and on the impact of exogenous factors on the calling behavior of the species. A group of tree hyraxes called 700–2000 times during the night, and calling rate was highest during dry season months. Calling activity was bimodal, with peaks between 19.00 and 20.00 h in the evening and between 04.00 and 05.00 h in the morning; however, counter-calling bouts occurred throughout the night. Singing peaked in May, possibly coinciding with the species’ mating season. Calling activity decreased during full moon phases, probably because the animals felt vulnerable to predation. Tree hyrax calling was suppressed by rain, as rainfall is a powerful acoustic competitor. Annual changes in night temperature, the background chorus of vocalizing orthopterans, or the competing calls of nocturnal primates did not reduce tree hyrax calling rates. The latter suggests that sympatric nocturnal mammals have adapted to each other’s calls as an intrinsic feature of the soundscape of their forest habitat.
The Fabric of Historical Time
Authors: Simon Zoltán Boldizsár , Tamm Marek
Published: July 2023

Historical time is a notoriously elusive notion. Yet, as societies attempt to make sense of rapidly changing worlds, it gains a new significance in the twenty-first century. This Element sketches a theory of historical time as based on a distinction between temporality and historicity. It approaches the fabric of historical time as varying relational arrangements and interactions of multiple temporalities and historicities. In the fabric, kinds of temporalities and historicities emerge, come to being, fade out, transform, cease to exist, merge, coexist, overlap, arrange and rearrange in constellations, and clash and conflict in a dynamic without a predetermined plot. The Element pays special attention to the more-than-human temporalities of the Anthropocene, the technology-fueled historicities of runaway changes, and the conflicts in the fabric of historical time at the intersections of technological, ecological, and social change.
Introduction to Symposium on UN Recognition of the Human Right to a Healthy Environment
Authors: Knox John H.
Published: July 2023

In July 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution recognizing the human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. Its proponents hope that the resolution will catalyze further action, but many of the states voting for it expressed the view that it has no legal effect in itself. Will UN recognition of this right nevertheless change international law? If so, how? This symposium brings together the perspectives of six distinguished scholars on this question. Philip Alston and Carmen Gonzalez examine how recognition may change our understanding of human rights law; Hélène Tigroudja and Maria Antonia Tigre analyze its impact on the burgeoning environmental jurisprudence of the UN human rights treaty bodies and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights; Rosemary Mwanza explores how the right may affect parallel efforts to codify the crime of ecocide; and Louis Kotzé concludes by arguing that the right still falls short of the transformational shift necessary to recognize and protect the rights of nature and of future generations. Before describing their contributions in more detail, this introduction reviews the background of the resolution and describes its main provisions.
Integrating community voices in the research continuum: Perspectives on a consultation service
Authors: Evans Crystal D. , Nanda Joy P. , Ouyang Pamela , Bone Lee , Byiringiro Samuel , Lacanienta Cyd , Clark Roger , Weston Christine , Han Hae-Ra , Terkowitz Mia , Bates-Hopkins Barbara , Galiatsatos Panagis , Xu Ashley Jingzhi , Stevens Sarah , Himmelfarb Cheryl R.
Published: July 2023

The Community Research Advisory Council (C-RAC) of the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research was established in 2009 to provide community-engaged research consultation services. In 2016–2017, C-RAC members and researchers were surveyed on their consultation experiences. Survey results and a 2019 stakeholder meeting proceeding helped redesign the consultation services. Transitioning to virtual consultations during COVID-19, the redesigning involved increasing visibility, providing consultation materials in advance, expanding member training, and effective communications. An increase in consultations from 28 (2009–2017) to 114 (2020–2022) was observed. Implementing stakeholder-researcher inputs is critical to holistic and sustained community-engaged research.
Promoting the Apocalypse? The Legality of a Ban on Advertising for Fossil Fuels and Other Carbon-Intensive Products under European Law
Authors: Kaupa Clemens
Published: July 2023

Climate policy requires a steep and rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, which are mainly caused by fossil fuels. Advertising that promotes fossil fuels and other carbon-intensive products undermines this objective. It normalises unsustainable consumption patterns and enables producers of harmful commodities to manipulate public discourse in order to delay or derail the energy transition – for example, by spreading misinformation, deflecting responsibility and promoting false solutions. For these reasons, there are increasing calls for a fossil fuel advertising ban along the lines of the tobacco advertising ban at both the European and the Member State level. This article evaluates the legality of such bans under European law, focusing on legislative competence, fundamental rights and internal market law. It finds that a fossil fuel advertising ban can be assumed to conform to the requirements of European law, especially if it is modelled after the tobacco advertising ban.
Remixed Eulerian numbers
Authors: Nadeau Philippe , Tewari Vasu
Published: July 2023

Remixed Eulerian numbers are a polynomial q-deformation of Postnikov’s mixed Eulerian numbers. They arose naturally in previous work by the authors concerning the permutahedral variety and subsume well-known families of polynomials such as q-binomial coefficients and Garsia–Remmel’s q-hit numbers. We study their combinatorics in more depth. As polynomials in q, they are shown to be symmetric and unimodal. By interpreting them as computing success probabilities in a simple probabilistic process we arrive at a combinatorial interpretation involving weighted trees. By decomposing the permutahedron into certain combinatorial cubes, we obtain a second combinatorial interpretation. At

$q=1$

, the former recovers Postnikov’s interpretation whereas the latter recovers Liu’s interpretation, both of which were obtained via methods different from ours.
“Don’t Look Up”: Eco-anxiety presenting in a Community Mental Health Service
Authors: Mulligan D. , O’Callaghan A. K. , Guerandel A.
Published: July 2023

This case report discusses a 25-year-old male who was referred to community mental health services from primary care with symptoms of anxiety and depression related to climate change, which the referring clinician believed were of delusional intensity. This case report gives the history of his interaction with the service. A literature review is performed noting the dearth of case reports in this area and a subsequent discussion charts the emerging literature on mental health issues related to climate change. Finally the paper makes some broad recommendations for mental health practitioners on how to approach these issues.
THE FIRST RADIOCARBON DATA FROM THE SETTLEMENT NITRA-LUPKA
Authors: Nezvalová Lucia , Fottová Eva , Milová Beáta , Světlík Ivo , Pachnerová Brabcová Kateřina
Published: July 2023

Nitra-Lupka is an important site from the Great Moravian period in Slovakia. A fortified hillfort which was supposed to be from this period, a battery of pottery kilns, and an Early Medieval cemetery were found on the site and researched during 1959–1975. Further, a few small-range excavations took place on the site at the beginning of the 21st century. At the same time, the dating of the hillfort to the Early Medieval period has begun to be questioned. There was also a problem with the localization of settlement that would belong to the battery of pottery kilns. The settlement was discovered recently in 2021 during development-led excavations at Nitra-Šindolka. It was found at the place of the construction of the ecoduct. Two ovens and four other features with numerous ceramics and other findings were discovered. Some of the bones (phalanges of cattle and goat/sheep) were dated by radiocarbon dating being the first 14C data obtained from this site and therefore of high importance for its precise dating.
The use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men: current evidence and existing challenges
Authors: Bayes Jessica , Schloss Janet , Sibbritt David
Published: July 2023

Emerging evidence suggests that diet therapy (nutrients, foods and dietary patterns) could be effective as a potential adjunctive treatment option for major depressive disorder. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed, including the role inflammation, oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and tryptophan/serotonin metabolism. Despite known differences in depression characteristics and treatment responses between males and females, there are limited sex-specific studies examining the role of diet in young men specifically. This is important as young men are often reluctant to seek mental health support, so finding treatment strategies which appeal to this demographic is crucial. This brief report provides an overview of the most recent advances in the use of diet for preventing and treating depression in young men, highlighting existing challenges and opportunities for future research. We recommend that clinicians discuss the role of diet with depressed young men, so that diet may be used alongside current treatment options.
Reading across confessional lines in Ayyubid Egypt: a Judaeo-Arabic Geniza fragment with three new poems by Ibn al-Kīzānī (d. 562/1166)
Authors: Miller Nathaniel A.
Published: July 2023

The Geniza fragment T-S AS 161.50 contains three poems, all in Judaeo-Arabic, attributed to the Egyptian Sufi poet Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm Abū ʿAbd Allāh, known as Ibn al-Kīzānī (d. 562/1167). None of the texts are present in his published dīwān. In the Egyptian section of his anthology Kharīdat al-qaṣr, Saladin's secretary ʿImād al-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī (d. 597/1201) testifies to the interest of Saladin in Ibn al-Kīzānī. We are thus in a unique position to evaluate the readership of this poet; while his followers called Kīzāniyya were already known, his popularity evidently extended not only across confessional lines to be read in a Jewish milieu, but also reached elite levels, despite his (according to ʿImād al-Dīn) “heterodox” beliefs. These new texts accordingly throw light on inter-religious and unorthodox currents normally not understood to have been promoted by Saladin and his avowedly Sunni successors.
FrigatebirdsFregata: impacts of potential taxonomic change on population and conservation status
Authors: Croxall John P.
Published: July 2023

Frigatebirds have been in taxonomic oblivion for nearly a century. A new genetic study by Martinset al.(2022) provides a stimulus and potential basis for a long-overdue modern review, which might lead to recognition of up to five new species-level taxa, two of which would be “Critically Endangered” globally and may already be effectively extinct. Even some of the more widespread frigatebird taxa are subject to multiple anthropogenic threats and, outside strictly protected and managed areas, may already be in serious decline. Seabird experts and organisations need urgently to review all available data relevant to frigatebird taxonomy and populations, collect additional material for genetic analysis, undertake new assessments of conservation status, and (in collaboration with appropriate regulatory authorities) propose and execute appropriate conservation and management actions.
Spontaneous neonatal pulmonary arterial thrombosis – cases, mechanisms, and literature review
Authors: Abdelhafiz Ali , Benscoter Alexis L. , Batlivala Sarosh P.
Published: July 2023

Spontaneous pulmonary artery thrombosis in neonates is rare and can be life-threatening. Clinical presentation may mimic pulmonary hypertension or CHD. Further, not all children present with identifiable risk factors. We report the case of two infants with pulmonary artery thromboses who underwent rapid diagnosis and therapy, one with percutaneous intervention and the other with anticoagulation. We also conducted a literature review to highlight the importance of early identification and referral to a centre capable of performing appropriate medical and interventional therapies.
Surgical outcomes of double-orifice mitral valve repair in patients with atrioventricular canal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghosh Soumitra , Halder Vikram , Mittal Apeksha , Mishra Amit , Haranal Maruti , Aggarwal Pankaj , Singh Harkant , Barwad Parag , Naganur Sanjeev , Thingnam Shyam Kumar Singh
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Double-orifice mitral valve or left atrioventricular valve is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that may be associated with an atrioventricular septal defect. The surgical management of double-orifice mitral valve/double-orifice left atrioventricular valve with atrioventricular septal defect is highly challenging with acceptable clinical outcomes. This meta-analysis is aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of double-orifice mitral valve/double-orifice left atrioventricular valve repair in patients with atrioventricular septal defect.

Methods and results:

A total of eight studies were retrieved from the literature by searching through PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Using Bayesian hierarchical models, we estimated the pooled proportion of incidence of double-orifice mitral valve/double-orifice left atrioventricular valve with atrioventricular septal defect as 4.88% in patients who underwent surgical repair (7 studies; 3295 patients; 95% credible interval [CI] 4.2–5.7%). As compared to pre-operative regurgitation, the pooled proportions of post-operative regurgitation were significantly low in patients with moderate status: 5.1 versus 26.39% and severe status: 5.7 versus 29.38% [8 studies; 171 patients]. Moreover, the heterogeneity test revealed consistency in the data (p < 0.05). Lastly, the pooled estimated proportions of early and late mortality following surgical interventions were low, that is, 5 and 7.4%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The surgical management of moderate to severe regurgitation showed corrective benefits post-operatively and was associated with low incidence of early mortality and re-operation.
Working for the Wireless World: Radio Uganda Technicians and the Wo/manpower of 1970s Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Milford Ismay
Published: July 2023

This article argues that technicians’ working lives and workplaces are crucial to conceptualizing the inequalities that characterized the ‘wireless world’ of radio broadcasting during a period of demands for a new information order. Taking Uganda’s national broadcaster and the files it has preserved as a focus, I follow calls to move beyond the exceptionalism of 1970s Uganda to locate it in global histories of technology and work. Like many broadcasters in decolonizing countries, Radio Uganda struggled to secure space on the electromagnetic spectrum, challenge neo-colonial information monopolies, balance its internationalist ambitions with its reliance on foreign equipment and training agreements, and fill vacancies. In the same years, its technicians responded to hundreds of reception reports sent by amateur distant listeners – most from Western Europe. The labour of responding to these reports and their cosmopolitan pronouncements represents a hitherto unexplored window onto the exchanges that underscored the globalization of radio technology and its limits in the 1970s.
A miniaturized CPW-fed CSRR-loaded quad-port MIMO antenna for 5.5/6.5 GHz wireless applications
Authors: Rajesh Kumar D. , Sangeetha T. , Sujanth Narayan K. G. , Venkat Babu G. , Prithivirajan V. , Manikandan M. S. K.
Published: July 2023

For forthcoming wireless applications, a small and highly decoupled complementary split ring resonators (CSRR)–loaded co-planar waveguide (CPW)–fed antenna for dual-band applications is investigated. The low-profile antenna consists of a CSRR-loaded rectangular radiating element with a truncated bottom, giving a wideband performance over the frequency ranges of 5.28–5.52 GHz and 6–7.2 GHz. The antenna has been printed on a widely used FR4 substrate measuring 7.5 × 10.5 × 1.6 mm3 in volume. This research’s suggested antenna is turned into a 4 × 4 multi input multi output (MIMO) construction using a 25 × 25 mm2 printed circuit board. Individual antennas were isolated by nearly 20 dB without using a decoupling device. The antenna has been built, and the measured and simulated results correspond well. Computing envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), channel capacity (CC), and channel capacity loss (CCL) further validates the antenna’s performance (−). The antenna has an overall gain of around 2.54 dBi and a radiation efficiency of approximately 89% throughout the relevant spectral range, which is much better for wireless applications. The suggested antenna’s omnidirectional emission pattern makes it a potential contender for future wireless and cellular applications.
Influence of fluazifop timing and rate on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control in ACCase-resistant grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Fleming Jacob , Norsworthy Jason K. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Barber Tom
Published: July 2023

Genetic similarities between johnsongrass and grain sorghum leave producers with limited herbicide options for postemergence johnsongrass control. TamArkTM grain sorghum with resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides was developed through a collaboration between the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture and Texas A&M AgriLife Research. Two field experiments were conducted in 2021 in two locations each: Keiser and Marianna, AR, or Fayetteville and Marianna, AR. The objective of the first was to determine the optimal rate and application timing of fluazifop-butyl for control of natural johnsongrass populations in a noncrop setting, and the objective of the second was to evaluate johnsongrass control and TamArkTM grain sorghum tolerance in response to fluazifop-butyl applied at different timings and rates based on crop growth stage. The highest levels of johnsongrass control occurred when sequential applications of fluazifop-butyl were utilized. All sequential treatments provided at least 80% johnsongrass control at any rate or application timing tested. A single application of fluazifop-butyl provided greater than 90% johnsongrass control when applied at 210 g ai ha−1 to johnsongrass with fewer than 6 leaves. Weed size played a role in achieving high levels of johnsongrass control. Greater than 90% control was achieved when johnsongrass had 6 leaves or fewer at the initial application for the sequential application treatments. A single application of fluazifop-butyl at 105 g ai ha−1 resulted in no more than 82% johnsongrass mortality at any application timing. TamArk™ grain sorghum injury did not exceed 6% at any application timing or rate. It was therefore considered to be safe even if the initial application was made before the 6-leaf crop stage. Because no unacceptable levels of injury were observed with TamArk™ grain sorghum for fluazifop-butyl, johnsongrass size at the time of application should be the most critical aspect for control with this herbicide.
Solar Wind Energy Budget Dilemma During Substorms Induced by Interplanetary Shocks
Authors: Xu Shi‐Ge , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Fu Sui‐yan
Published: July 2023

Interplanetary (IP) shocks can trigger substorms when they interact the magnetosphere. In study of Hajra and Tsurutani (2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(77)90001-0), they reported a shock‐induced substorm event where the energy dissipation exceeded the energy input ( parameter). In this study, we examined 198 IP shock‐induced substorms from 1995 to 2021 and found 32 underpowered events where the energy dissipation exceeded the energy input calculated from IP shock sheath parameters. We also found underpowered events using other newly developed energy functions. To resolve this dilemma, we introduce the concept of dual compressions of the interplanetary magnetic field by both the IP shock and the bow shock, respectively. Based on in situ observations in the magnetosheath, we obtained a set of new parameters from the dual compressions. The stronger magnetic field resulting from the double compressions reconnects the geomagnetic field, leading to an increased input of energy into the magnetosphere. This new energy input is generally sufficient to balance the energy dissipation.
Eco‐Physiological Constraints of Deep Soil Desiccation in Semiarid Tree Plantations
Authors: Shao Xiaoya , Gao Xiaodong , Zeng Yijian , Yang Min , Wang Yunfei , Zhao Xining
Published: July 2023

Deep soil water, defined here as the soil water below a certain depth and not recharged by precipitation in one growing season, plays a critical role in maintaining eco‐physiological functioning in thick‐vadose‐zone regions. However, science‐based evidence remains limited on how and the extent to which deep soil desiccation (DSD) affects the eco‐physiological features of apple trees. Here, we improve a process‐based model to disentangle trees' transpiration and photosynthesis responses to precipitation and DSD below 200 cm (DSD200) on the semiarid Loess Plateau. We defined four DSD200 scenarios: 60%–70% of field capacity (FC) as a control, 50%–60%, 40%–50%, and 30%–40% of FC representing mild (MID), moderate (MOD) and severe (SED) desiccation, respectively; and five precipitation scenarios: extremely dry (285.78 mm), dry (392 mm), normal (457.72 mm), wet (524.96 mm), and extremely wet years (630.44 mm). We found that the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration under MOD and SED decreased significantly (p < 0.05), independent of precipitation years, indicating clear stomatal limitation induced by DSD200. This phenomenon was greatly enhanced in extremely dry years, with these variables decreasing on average by 29%, 36%, and 37%, respectively. Furthermore, SED resulted in non‐stomatal limitation with a great decrease in electron transport rates (Jmax) and maximum carboxylation rates (VCmax). Jmax and VCmax decreased by 40% and 26%, respectively, on average, in extremely dry years. These findings indicate that the combination of severe meteorological drought and deep soil drought resulted in non‐stomatal limitation for the apple trees. Persistent non‐stomatal limitation may be an important mechanism causing tree mortality in semiarid loess regions.
Quasi‐Decadal Temperature Variability in the Intermediate Layer of Subtropical South Indian Ocean During the Argo Period
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhuang Wei , Wu Zelun , Zhang Yang , Meng Lingsheng , Edwing Deanna , Yan Xiao‐Hai
Published: July 2023

It has been reported that the subtropical South Indian Ocean (SIO) has been rapidly warming over the past two decades and can therefore be characterized as one of the major heat accumulators among the oceanic basins. However, this strong warming is not uniformly distributed in the vertical direction. In comparison to the decade‐long warming in the upper layer (0–300 m) in 2004–2013, the intermediate layer (300–1,000 m) displays a shorter warming during 2004–2009 and an intense cooling during 2010–2016. By decomposing temperature variations into heaving and spice components, and performing a heat budget analysis, we show that temperature variations in the intermediate layer during these two periods are primarily contributed by isopycnal migrations driven by local wind forcing. Local wind change in the subtropical SIO can be explained by the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño–Southern Oscillation during 2004–2016, while Southern Annular Mode (SAM) favors anomalous wind change in mid‐latitudes and the formation of basin‐wide wind change in the SIO. Additionally, wind forcing in the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) formation region, which is closely linked to the SAM, modulates the anomalous spreading of SAMW into the interior of the subtropical SIO. This, therefore, leads to the SAMW intrusion being of secondary importance to the quasi‐decadal temperature variability. Our findings demonstrate the independence of wind‐driven temperature changes on the quasi‐decadal scale in the intermediate layer of the subtropical SIO under the overall warming background of SIO waters.
Discerning the Concentration and Bi‐Directional Flux of Ammonia in an Urban Estuary Using the Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Method
Authors: Joyce Emily , Balint Sawyer , Walters Wendell , Lichiheb Nebila , Heuer Mark , Myles LaToya , Heikes Brian , Hastings Meredith
Published: July 2023

Narragansett Bay, the largest estuary in New England, is a heavily urbanized watershed impacted by deposition and runoff. Nutrient budgets and local policy rely on deposition data from a 1990 study that did not include any direct observations of dry deposition of gaseous ammonia (NH3(g)) and particulate ammonium (p‐NH4+) due to uncertainties in their flux direction and measurement difficulty. Recent work has shown that wet deposition of ammonium (NH4+) to the Bay has increased by a factor of 6 over the past three decades, leading to a 2.5‐fold increase in wet nitrogen (N) deposition. This documented increase in wet deposition of NH4+ is concurrent with managed nutrient reductions in urbanized estuaries but has potentially increased the impacts of atmospheric N deposition, including the dry deposition of NH3(g) and p‐NH4+. However, the lack of NH3(g) and p‐NH4+ measurements hinders our interpretation of this important N source. For the first time over Narragansett Bay, and to our knowledge over open water, dry (particulate and gas phase) total ammonia (NHx = NH3(g) + p‐NH4+) and the bidirectional NH3(g) flux were quantified using a relaxed eddy accumulation sampling technique. We find that dry deposition of NHx comprises 9.6% of total (wet + dry) N deposition. During the fall season, the dominant flux direction for NH3(g) is upward, which also has implications for urban air quality. We estimate that NH3(g) emitted from the Bay to the atmosphere makes up to 10% of the local NH3(g) emission budget for fall.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors Controlling Spatial Variation of Mean Carbon Turnover Time in Forest Soil
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Chen , Wei Ning , Liu Ruiqiang , Zhang Bingwei , Chu Chengjin , Su Hongxin , Xu Yaozhan , Cheng Zhineng , Zhu Sanyuan , Wang Xugao , Yan Liming , Xia Jianyang
Published: July 2023

Soil carbon persistence in forests plays a pivotal role in regulating terrestrial feedback to climate change. However, the relative contributions of biotic and abiotic factors in controlling geographic variation of forest soil carbon turnover time (τsoc) remains unclear. Here, we first sampled soils from 12 permanent forest plots across eastern China and detected higher radiocarbon‐derived mean turnover time of soil organic carbon in the deep (30–100 cm; 2,087 ± 246 years) than the surface (0–30 cm; 249 ± 80 years) layer. Further analyses based on the partial Mantel test and structural equation model illustrated that the interactions of climate, vegetation, and soil factors are more complex in deep than surface soils. Then, we established a global database of radiocarbon‐derived τsoc from 1897 forest soil samples. On the global scale, τsoc was significantly higher in the deep (3,081 ± 398 years) than the surface (332 ± 56 years) layer. Soil depth alone explained 11.7% of the spatial variation in τsoc, and the interactions between climate, stand age, and soil depth account for 68.6% of the variation. These findings highlight the joint control of climate, vegetation, and soil depth in the spatial variation of soil carbon persistence in global forests.
Shaping free-electron radiation via van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Lin Xiao , Chen Hongsheng
Published: July 2023

The van der Waals heterostructures with aperiodic stackings have been exploited to shape the spatiotemporal wavefront of free-electron X-ray radiation.
Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment following diagnosis of depression on suicidal behaviour risk: a target trial emulation
Authors: Lagerberg Tyra , Matthews Anthony A. , Zhu Nanbo , Fazel Seena , Carrero Juan-Jesus , Chang Zheng
Published: July 2023

There is concern regarding the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on suicidal behaviour. Using the target trial framework, we investigated the effect on suicidal behaviour of SSRI treatment following a depression diagnosis. We identified 162,267 individuals receiving a depression diagnosis aged 6–59 years during 2006–2018 in Stockholm County, Sweden, after at least 1 year without antidepressant dispensation. Individuals who initiated an SSRI within 28 days of the diagnosis were assigned as SSRI initiators, others as non-initiators. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol effects were estimated; for the latter, individuals were censored when they ceased adhering to their assigned treatment strategy. We applied inverse probability weighting (IPW) to account for baseline confounding in the intention-to-treat analysis, and additionally for treatment non-adherence and time-varying confounding in the per-protocol analysis. The suicidal behaviour risk difference (RD), and risk ratio (RR) between SSRI initiators and non-initiators were estimated at 12 weeks. In the overall cohort, we found an increased risk of suicidal behaviour among SSRI initiators (intention-to-treat RR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.80; per-protocol RR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.36). In age strata, we only found evidence of an increased risk among individuals under age 25, with the greatest risk among 6–17-year-olds (intention-to-treat RR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.72, 4.91; per-protocol RR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.59, 7.00). Our finding of an increased suicidal behaviour risk among individuals under age 25 reflects evidence from RCTs. We found no evidence of an effect in the high-risk group of individuals with past suicidal behaviour. Further studies with information on a wider array of confounders are called for.
IL4I1-catalyzed tryptophan metabolites mediate the anti-inflammatory function of cytokine-primed human muscle stem cells
Authors: Zuo Muqiu , Fang Jiankai , Huang Peiqing , Liu Shisong , Hou Pengbo , Wang Shiqing , Liu Zhanhong , Feng Chao , Cao Lijuan , Li Peishan , Shi Yufang , Shao Changshun
Published: July 2023

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) have been demonstrated to exert impressive therapeutic efficacy in disease settings through orchestrating inflammatory microenvironments. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the immunoregulatory property of MuSCs remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we showed that interleukin-4-induced-1 (IL4I1), an essential enzyme that catalyzes indole metabolism in humans, was highly expressed in human MuSCs exposed to IFN-γ and TNF-α. Functionally, the MuSCs were found to inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils into sites of inflammation in a IL4I1-dependent manner and thus ameliorate acute lung injury in mice. Mechanistically, the indole metabolites, including indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P) and indole-3-aldehyde (I3A), produced by IL4I1, acted as ligands to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), leading to augmented expression of TNF-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in inflammatory cytokine-primed MuSCs. Furthermore, I3P administration alone suppressed neutrophil infiltration into damaged lungs. I3P could also reduce the level of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils. Therefore, our study has uncovered a novel mechanism by which MuSCs acquire their immunoregulatory property and may help to develop or optimize MuSC-based therapies for inflammatory diseases.
Two complementary genes in a presence-absence variation contribute to indica-japonica reproductive isolation in rice
Authors: Wang Daiqi , Wang Hongru , Xu Xiaomei , Wang Man , Wang Yahuan , Chen Hong , Ping Fei , Zhong Huanhuan , Mu Zhengkun , Xie Wantong , Li Xiangyu , Feng Jingbin , Zhang Milan , Fan Zhilan , Yang Tifeng , Zhao Junliang , Liu Bin , Ruan Ying , Zhang Guiquan , Liu Chunlin , Liu Ziqiang
Published: July 2023

Understanding the evolutionary forces in speciation is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Asian cultivated rice has two subspecies, indica and japonica, but the underlying mechanism of the partial reproductive isolation between them remains obscure. Here we show a presence-absence variation (PAV) at the Se locus functions as an indica-japonica reproductive barrier by causing hybrid sterility (HS) in indica-japonica crosses. The locus comprises two adjacent genes: ORF3 encodes a sporophytic pollen killer, whereas ORF4 protects pollen in a gametophytic manner. In F1 of indica-japonica crosses, pollen with the japonica haplotype, which lacks the sequence containing the protective ORF4, is aborted due to the pollen-killing effect of ORF3 from indica. Evolutionary analysis suggests ORF3 is a gene associated with the Asian cultivated rice species complex, and the PAV has contributed to the reproductive isolation between the two subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Our analyses provide perspectives on rice inter-subspecies post-zygotic isolation, and will promote efforts to overcome reproductive barriers in indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding.