bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The violation of human security and identity of Uyghur Muslim community through social construction process
Authors: Khoiriyah Nuril
Published: July 2023

The security of the Uyghur ethnic community in Xinjiang became an international concern after media reports about the existence of re‐education camps. History has recorded that the Uyghur often experienced violation of their human security rights. This violation worsened when the Chinese Community Party (CCP) succeeded in controlling the entire mainland. The three pillars of human security that should be ensured by the state, freedom from fear, freedom from want and freedom to live in dignity were violated by the CCP. Using the theory of social construction process, the finding of the research was that the violations aimed to insert socialist and communist values into Uyghur's identity and to control their province, which rich in natural resources.
Pseudobudding: ruptured glands do not represent true tumor buds
Authors: Haddad Tariq Sami , van den Dobbelsteen Luuk , Öztürk Sonay K , Geene Robin , Nijman Isaäc J , Verrijp Kiek , Jamieson Nigel B , Wood Colin , van Vliet Shannon , Reuvers Luuk , Achouiti Soumia , Rutgers Natasja , Brouwer Nelleke , Simmer Femke , Zlobec Inti , Lugli Alessandro , Nagtegaal Iris D
Published: July 2023

Tumor budding (TB) is a strong biomarker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer and other solid cancers. TB is defined as isolated single cancer cells or clusters of up to four cancer cells at the invasive tumor front. In areas with a large inflammatory response at the invasive front, single cells and cell clusters surrounding fragmented glands are observed appearing like TB. Occurrence of these small groups is referred to as pseudobudding (PsB), which arises due to external influences such as inflammation and glandular disruption. Using a combination of orthogonal approaches, we show that there are clear biological differences between TB and PsB. TB is representative of active invasion by presenting features of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and exhibiting increased deposition of extracellular matrix within the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), whereas PsB represents a reactive response to heavy inflammation where increased levels of granulocytes within the surrounding TME are observed. Our study provides evidence that areas with a strong inflammatory reaction should be avoided in the routine diagnostic assessment of TB. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Modification of nitrile‐butadiene rubber surface by immersion into 1,1,2‐trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichlor‐ethane and its physio‐chemical properties
Authors: Sukhareva Ksenia Valerievna , Mikhailov Igor Anatolievich , Mamin Eldar Alievich , Monakhova Tatiana Vadimovna , Kasparov Valerii Vladimirovich , Kolesnikov Evgeny Aleksandrovich , Popov Anatoly Anatolievich
Published: July 2023

This study investigated novel methods for treating the surface of nitrile‐butadiene rubber to enhance its stability and resistance to thermal oxidation and aggressive media. The rubber surface was modified using 1,1,2‐trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichlorethane. The study found that the duration of the modification strongly affected specific properties of the rubbers examined. It was observed that surface modification with 1,1,2‐trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichlorethane improved the properties of nitrile‐butadiene rubber. Subsequently, the impact of the modification duration on morphology, thermal resistance, and chemical resistance was presented.
Cross‐domain within‐ and between‐students antecedents to help seeking
Authors: Rutherford Teomara , Botello Megan , Schenke Katerina , Lam Arena C.
Published: July 2023

Help seeking is a key component of many systems of self‐regulated learning (SRL). Prior research has noted how motivational and other aspects of SRL relate to students' engagement in help seeking and endorsement of types of help seeking (i.e., adaptive, expedient, and avoidant). This study examines specific antecedents to help seeking—monitoring accuracy, perceived need for help, and value for help seeking—as both domain‐general (between students) and domain‐specific (within students) aspects of help seeking in a sample of upper elementary students. Drawing on self‐reports, teacher‐reports, and assessments, results show that antecedents' relations with help seeking vary at the level of measurement (within or between students), type of reporter (student vs. teacher), and characterization of help (adaptive vs. expedient). Results present a complicated picture of students' classroom help seeking, supporting some theoretical links and laying the stage for further study of help seeking across contexts among elementary students.
Effects of fatty acid modified epoxy resin on long‐chain epoxy and its physical properties
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Yoon Manseok , Seo Bongkuk , Lim Choong‐Sun
Published: July 2023

The tendency of epoxy resins to form three‐dimensional structures can make them brittle, which restricts their use in various applications even if they have great mechanical properties. Due to the expansion of epoxy resin application to electric automotives and aerospace as carbon fiber resistance plastics (CRFPs), it is desirable to synthesize epoxy resins that is more impact resistant. Herein, the synthesis of flexible epoxy resin FMER‐F and FMER‐J is reported. These epoxy resins were based on bisphenol F and J diglycidy ether. The dimeric fatty acid modified epoxy resins (FMERs) were synthesized by reacting acid anhydride modified epoxy resins (AMERs) with dimeric fatty acids. To obtain thermosetting epoxy polymers, the epoxy resin was mixed with a curing agent and an accelerator and, subsequently, it was cured at a high temperature. The mechanical properties of various epoxy polymers were analyzed to evaluate the change in the performance of the materials. The flexural strength of the composition with 10 parts per hundred resin (phr) of FMER‐F increased by 21%. The impact strength of the composition with 30 phr of FMER‐J increased by 27%. FMERs were found to be used as toughening agents in epoxy resins and composites because of their ability to enhance mechanical properties.
Development and assessment of a novel servo‐controlled spraying system for real time adjustment of the orientation angle of the nozzles of a boom sprayer
Authors: Bayat Ali , İtmeç Medet , Özlüoymak Ömer Barış
Published: July 2023

Background

Pesticide spray drift, which is the movement of pesticide by wind to any location other than the intended area, is hazardous to human, animal, food safety and environmental health. It is not possible to completely eliminate spray drift during spraying with field crop sprayers, but spray drift can be reduced by developing new technologies. The most common methods to reduce spray drift are carrying the droplets to the target with air‐assisted spraying, electrostatic spraying, preferring air induction nozzles and boom shields. With these methods, it is not possible to make a change on the sprayer depending on the wind intensity during spraying. In this study, a novel servo‐controlled spraying system was designed and developed to change the nozzle orientation angle in the reverse direction of the wind current to reduce the ground spray drift in real time and automatically in a wind tunnel. The displacement in the spray pattern (Dc) was used as a ground drift indicator for each nozzle to evaluate the spray drift.

Results

The developed system, operated by LabVIEW software, calculated different nozzle orientation angles depending on nozzle types, wind velocities and spraying pressures. Orientation angles calculated for different test conditions achieved in reduction were up to 49.01% for XR11002 nozzle, 32.82% for AIXR11002 nozzle and 32.31% for TTJ6011002 nozzle at 400 kPa spray pressure and 2.5 m s−1 wind velocity.

Conclusion

The developed system, which has a self‐decision mechanism, calculated the nozzle orientation angle instantaneously according to the wind velocity. It has been observed that the adjustable spraying nozzle system, sprayed with high precision towards the wind in the wind tunnel, and the developed system have advantages compared to conventional spraying systems. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Neighbourhood attachment, city attachment or beyond? Residential mobility and scales of place attachment in Shanghai, China
Authors: Lu Tingting , Kam Yui Chung , Chang Jiang , Mao Sanqin
Published: July 2023

With suburbanisation and gentrification becoming global phenomena, residential mobility has been incentivised and is extensively taken as a critical lens through which to understand the formation and variation of place attachment in different urban settings. Extant literature has suggested that the strength of place attachment is curvilinear across different geographical scales. However, limited research has investigated how processes and changes of residential mobility, embedded in different socioeconomic and structural settings, shape people's place attachment at the neighbourhood and city scales. To address this shortfall in the literature, this study employs a process‐based perspective by reconciling past housing experiences with that of the present to investigate how residential mobility affects place attachment based on a large‐scale survey in Shanghai in 2021. The findings show that the processual residential mobility relays profound influences on place attachment at different geographical scales. Specifically, homeownership secures residents' a privileged multi‐scale attachment. Meanwhile, access to state welfare housing in the past and at present, as well as residential moves driven by individual needs are more likely to engender a single‐scale attachment. Experiences with housing relocation and market rental exert negative influences on place attachment at both the city and neighbourhood scales. Both housing policy‐related structural factors and socioeconomic status have led to marginalised residential mobility, consequently entailing a sense of ‘placelessness’ in urban China.
Preparation and Structural Characterization of Thin Films of CuInS2by Sintering Colloidally Synthesized Nanoparticles at Moderate Temperature
Authors: Reinhold Harald , Mikolajczak Ulf , Borchert Holger , Parisi Jürgen , Scheunemann Dorothea
Published: July 2023

Copper indium disulfide nanoparticles continue attracting attention as absorber material in light harvesting devices. The preparation of thin films by deposition of this material from colloidal solution remains challenging. Typically, colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles are surrounded by long organic ligand molecules which are required to stabilize the particles during synthesis. A common way to obtain conductive thin films is the development of ligand exchange procedures that need to be applied prior to film deposition. However, in the case of copper indium disulfide nanoparticles, appropriate procedures are still missing. Therefore, an alternative approach is investigated herein. Colloidal copper indium disulfide nanoparticles are synthesized and deposited on substrates. Instead of applying a ligand exchange procedure, thermal removal of the ligands and sintering of the inorganic film are explored. Results on the preparation of the nanoparticle films, their structural investigation, and conductivity measurements are reported.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics by Ag/BiOI/g‐C3N4 Composites
Authors: Li Ting , Ma Mengzhou , Wang Junhai , Li Qiang , Yu Yunwu , Zou Qianqian , Li Xinran , Wei Xiaoyi , Yan Tingting , Tang Yulan
Published: July 2023

As an efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly technology, semiconductor photocatalysis has been widely used in the removal of antibiotics from wastewater. In this work, a novel Ag/BiOI/g‐C3N4 composite photocatalytic material, BiOI/g‐C3N4, g‐C3N4, and BiOI are prepared as the photocatalysts. The morphologies, chemical properties, and photocatalytic performances of the photocatalysts are characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. In addition, tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and ceftiofur sodium aqueous solutions are used to simulate wastewater and the photocatalytic degradation performances of the photocatalysts are investigated and compared under visible light. Compared to g‐C3N4, BiOI, and BiOI/g‐C3N4, the Ag/BiOI/g‐C3N4 demonstrates superior performance, increasing the removal rates of TC and ceftiofur sodium to 85.6% and 90.2%, respectively. The photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag/BiOI/g‐C3N4 may involve the promotion of the visible light–harvesting ability and inhibition of the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. Furthermore, the primary active groups in the system are identified as superoxide radicals (·O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Herein, some valuable insights into the development of innovative photocatalytic materials are offered for the effective removal of antibiotics from water.
Multiplexing System for Automated Characterization of a Capacitive Field‐Effect Sensor Array
Authors: Karschuck Tobias , Schmidt Stefan , Achtsnicht Stefan , Poghossian Arshak , Wagner Patrick , Schöning Michael Josef
Published: July 2023

In comparison to single‐analyte devices, multiplexed systems for a multianalyte detection offer a reduced assay time and sample volume, low cost, and high throughput. Herein, a multiplexing platform for an automated quasi‐simultaneous characterization of multiple (up to 16) capacitive field‐effect sensors by the capacitive–voltage (C–V) and the constant‐capacitance (ConCap) mode is presented. The sensors are mounted in a newly designed multicell arrangement with one common reference electrode and are electrically connected to the impedance analyzer via the base station. A Python script for the automated characterization of the sensors executes the user‐defined measurement protocol. The developed multiplexing system is tested for pH measurements and the label‐free detection of ligand‐stabilized, charged gold nanoparticles.
Oscillations of the Hall Resistivity in Natural Single Crystals of Pyrrhotite Associated with the Orientation of the Elementary Magnetic Moments of Fe Atoms
Authors: Sakkopoulos Sotirios A. , Vitoratos Evangelos G.
Published: July 2023

The Hall resistivity of natural single crystals of pyrrhotite Fe7S8 exhibits oscillations with the inverse external magnetic field 1/B at temperature 77 K and B up to 0.73 Tesla. This resembles phenomena due to Landau quantization of the carriers demanding very pure samples, temperatures near 4 K and magnetic fields of several Tesla. However, none of these requirements is met in the experiments. The oscillations appear only when there is orientation of the elementary magnetic moments of Fe atoms, which happens when B is parallel to the c‐plane at 77 K. At room temperature with the orientation destroyed by the thermal agitation and for B parallel to the c‐axis along which the alignment of the Fe magnetic moments is negligible, the oscillations disappear. According to the s–d model proposed for heavily doped magnetic semiconductors, defects and impurities produce large local fluctuations of carrier concentrations. These through the strong s–d exchange interaction between the carriers and the lattice magnetic moments of Fe establish variations of local magnetization. These constitute scattering centers which are enforced for certain values of B, though for others weaken giving the oscillatory behavior of the Hall resistivity.
A comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of resveratrol on complications of sepsis a systematic review
Authors: Vajdi Mahdi , Sefidmooye Azar Pouria , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Dashti Farzaneh , Sanaie Sarvin , Kiani Chalmardi Fateme , Karimi Arash
Published: July 2023

Sepsis and septic shock are still one of the most important medical challenges. Sepsis is an extreme and uncontrolled response of the innate immune system to invading pathogenesis. Resveratrol (3,5,4′‐trihydroxytrans‐stilbene), is a phenolic and non‐flavonoid compound naturally produced by some plants and fruits. The object of the current study is to systematically review the impacts of resveratrol and its mechanisms of function in the management of sepsis and its related complications. The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statements were applied to perform the study (PROSPERO: CRD42021289357). We searched Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus databases up to January 2023 by using the relevant keywords. Study criteria were met by 72 out of 1415 articles screened. The results of this systematic review depict that resveratrol can reduces the complications of sepsis by affecting inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and modulating immune responses. Future human randomized clinical trials are necessary due to the promising therapeutic effects of resveratrol on sepsis complications and the lack of clinical trials in this regard.
Lane‐Hamilton syndrome
Authors: Grech Audrey K. , Yu Christiaan
Published: July 2023

The co‐existence of idiopathic hemosiderosis and celiac disease is Lane‐Hamilton Syndrome. This is a rare condition with only a few dozen cases reported to date. Its clinical presentation typically involves hemoptysis that can be life‐threatening in the acute phase. We report the uncommon case of the development of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis almost a decade after the diagnosis of celiac disease. Delayed diagnosis led to recurrent episodes of large volume hemoptysis despite immunosuppressive therapy due to ongoing ingestion of gluten. High doses of glucocorticoids accompanied by a cell cycle inhibitor mycophenolate mofetil were required for treatment. A strict gluten free diet is vital to control the disease. We highlight the importance of identifying this syndrome and definitive treatment, including avoidance of dietary triggers in addition to conventional immunosuppressive therapy.
Robust tracking control for uncertain micro‐hand actuator with Prandtl‐Ishlinskii hysteresis
Authors: Bu Ni , Zhang Yuyi , Li Xiaoyong
Published: July 2023

This article is concerned with the robust tracking control for an uncertain micro‐hand actuator with Prandtl‐Ishlinskii hysteresis (PI hysteresis) by robust right coprime factorization (RRCF). Firstly, the PI hysteresis is modeled into the rubber micro‐hand actuator and a new hysteretic micro‐hand system is obtained. Secondly, by compensating the hysteresis part into the isomorphic subspace, the effect of hysteresis on micro‐hand system is transferred and the operator‐based robust controllers are designed to ensure that the robust stability of the whole system. Thirdly, the RRCF and terminal sliding mode control are combined for tracking control, and the nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface with integral terms is designed, which shorten the convergence time and improve the tracking performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is tested by the simulation of the micro‐hand system.
My father put them up there: Anthropogenic environmental change associated with abandoned river vessels in the Clarence River, NSW, Australia
Authors: Duncan Brad , Gibbs Martin , Thoms Martin , Greenhalgh David , Ryan Ros
Published: July 2023

The Clarence River (New South Wales, Australia) was the main transport corridor for the timber and sugar cane industries operating in the catchment from the 1860s to the 1970s. Using archaeological, documentary, and oral historical resources we explore some of the anthropogenic impacts of these industries upon the fluvial geomorphology of the lower Clarence River. In particular, the deliberate abandonment of obsolete vessels on the river system is a focus. These discarded former cane and timber barges have been used as erosion control devices in several areas around the Harwood Island sugar mill, resulting in the accumulation of sediments and the establishment of mangrove environments in what were degraded areas.
Sustainable Development Goals in BRICS and G7 countries: Increasing accomplishments through policy synergies in four dimensions
Authors: Ofori Elvis Kwame , Appiah‐Opoku Seth
Published: July 2023

The United Nation's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent aspirations for human development that necessitate the epiphany of a universal yet varied set of ethical values, social equity, sustainability, and healthy lifestyle within a clean, safe environment. However, recent events such as Covid‐19 and the Ukraine–Russia Impasse have been a bane to achieving these goals. Consequently, there is the need to find innovative ways to increase accomplishments. Given that the SDGs are inherently interconnected and that achieving one is a suitable springboard for achieving others, we hypothesize the whole SDGs in four dimensions: (i) environmental, (ii) economic, (iii) human development, and (iv) energy sustainability to aid in cost effective implementation and comparative analysis between BRICS and G7 countries. Proxying SDGs 3 and 4 with human development, SDG 8 with economic growth, SDG 13 with environmental sustainability, and SDG 7 with energy sustainability, we use panel data from 2000 to 2020. We conducted a thorough empirical investigation and used sophisticated econometric approaches—Driscoll–Kraay for the principal analysis and fixed effect for robustness check. From the analysis, we conclude that the policy frame of UN‐SDG is inconsistent within the panel (BRICS and G7 nations), suggesting that these policy instruments need a uniform harmonization in the policy framework. In conclusion, a policy framework must be created in such a manner that, while having the ability to improve the environment, the pattern of economic growth is preserved, and human progress pursues its goals with priority access to sustainable energy.
Fabrication, Characterization and Removal of Methyl Orange, Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) in Aqueous Solutions by Low‐Cost Clay/Macadamia Nutshell Powder Ceramic Filters
Authors: Patrick Mubiayi Mukuna , Themba Mahlangu Oranso , Brilliance Mamba Bhekie
Published: July 2023

Producing drinking water from polluted water is expensive; thus, the fabrication of environmentally‐friendly and cost‐effective materials to treat polluted water is vital. A strategy involving the exploitation of waste resources to mitigate their impact on the environment has attracted special attention. This strategy is achievable by, among other things, developing materials including ceramic filters. In this study, natural clay, and macadamia nutshell powder were used to fabricate ceramic filters to remove methyl orange (MO), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. The physicochemical characteristics of the fabricated filters were carried out and their ability to remove the pollutants was investigated. The filter with 20 wt% macadamia nutshell powder (M2) removed 92 %, 62 %, and 29 % of MO, Pb (II), and Cr (III), respectively. This was attributable to the high porosity of the filter as demonstrated by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis. Furthermore, there was an increase on the removal of Cr (29.71 % to 84.5 %) in the presence of other competing co‐metals, however, a drop in Pb removed was observed (62.99 % to 38.67 %). Turbidity removal of up to 97.2 % was achieved using the M2 filter. The reported filter fabrication approach is facile, easy to replicate without special training, and environmentally friendly.
Electrochemical Fabrication of 2D CuO Nanosheets on Pt Foil as a Highly Sensitive Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Bhangoji Jagdish C. , Barile Christopher J. , Shendage Suresh S.
Published: July 2023

A simple and environmentally‐friendly approach was developed to synthesize 2D CuO nanosheets using electrochemical deposition. The formed 2D CuO nanosheets (NSs) exhibit numerous advantageous properties such as no toxicity, high electrical conductivity, large active surface area, and a p‐type semiconducting nature with a band gap of 1.2 eV. A sensitive electrochemical sensor was constructed for the amperometric detection of glucose to take advantage of these characteristics. The fabricated sensor displayed an excellent sensitivity of 2710 μA mM−1 cm−2 along with a wide linear range of 0.001–1.0 mM and a lower limit of detection of 0.8 μM (S/N=3). Additionally, the modified electrode possesses high selectivity and good stability. The outstanding electrocatalytic performance of the electrode is attributed to a large active surface area, unique structural morphology, and the high conductivity of the 2D CuO nanosheets.
Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Modeling of the Congo Red (CR) and Indigo Carmine (IC) Dyes Removal onto Novel Bentonite Hybrid Material
Authors: Guezzen Brahim , Ech‐Chergui Abdelkader Nebatti , Elaziouti Abdelkader , Demey Hary , Zoukel Abdelhalim , Didi Mohamed Amine , Boudia Rafik Abdelkrim , Adjdir Mehdi
Published: July 2023

The present study focuses on investigating the adsorption characteristics of anionic Congo Red (CR) and Indigo Carmine (IC) dyes using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide‐modified Bentonite (HDTMA‐Bentonite) with varying loading amounts. The removal effectiveness of anionic dyes was examined as a function of the HDTMA+ loaded amount, contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The XRD data revealed that the interlayer spacing of Bentonite increased from 1.42 to 1.98 nm. The FTIR approach was used to analyze the surface modification of hybrid Bentonite; however, the hydrophobic nature of hybrid Bentonite was confirmed by ATG measurements. A kinetic investigation of sorption was done. The results demonstrated that the pseudo‐second‐order model fitted the adsorption kinetic data better than the pseudo‐first‐order rate equation, and that the amount of HDTMA+ loaded affects the adsorption capacity. According to the Weber‐Morris intra‐particle diffusion equation, the CR and IC dyes diffused faster as the amount of added cationic surfactant rose from 0 % to 100 % of the CEC value. Temkin and Langmuir equation is found to best represent the equilibrium data for two dye‐HDTMA‐B systems. Hybrid Bentonite was regenerated by NaOH, and reused without a significant decrease in its sorption efficiency, supporting the prosperity of its utilization as an effective adsorbent against toxic dyes from wastewater.
Size‐Dependent Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Zirconium Ferrite Prepared via a Sol‐Gel Route
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kaur Raminder , Singh Satyendra
Published: July 2023

Zirconium ferrite (ZrFe2O4) nanoparticles with different sizes (43, 56 and 69 nm) were synthesized by the sol‐gel synthesis technique after calcination at 400, 600 and 800 °C, respectively. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to study the change in crystal structure with temperature andrevealed the increase inaverage crystallite sizewith the increase in calcination temperature.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the morphology and elemental analysis. The SEM study confirmed the spherical shape and homogenous distribution of the nanoparticles.The optical band gap reduced from 2.5 eV to 2.24 eV with an increase in particle size from 43 to 69 nm, studied using UV‐Vis spectroscopy.The ZrFe2O4nanoparticles with smaller particle size displayed better photocatalytic activities than that with larger particle size for the degradation of hazardous dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) under UV radiation. The photodegradation of MB and RhB catalyzed by the ZrFe2O4nanoparticles was a pseudo‐first‐order reaction. The maximum degradation for MB and RhB was 70 % and 95 %,respectively, in just 120 minutes for the sample having the smallest size due to its large surface area.This study confirmed that the ZrFe2O4nanoparticles are apromisingcandidate for the catalysis of organic dyes through the redox reaction.
Development of a Multi‐Element Copper‐Phosphorus‐Based Electrode for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wei Mingyi , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Quansheng , Xie Jingying
Published: July 2023

The development of efficient, abundant, and inexpensive catalytic materials for hydrogen evolution is key to industrial water electrolysis for hydrogen production. In this study, we utilized an anodic dissolution method to form a layer of gray film on the surface of a commercially available copper‐phosphorus alloy plate. The composition of the gray film, as verified by characterization, was Ni2P/Ni12P5/Sn4P3/Cu3P@Cu. The heterogeneous interface of Ni2P/Ni12P5 and the amorphous structure of Sn4P3/Cu3P provide more exposed active sites. The effectiveness of the Ni2P/Ni12P5/Sn4P3/Cu3P@Cu as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution was demonstrated, with a corresponding hydrogen evolution overpotential of 73.10 mV and Tafel slope of 45.55 mV dec−1. Moreover, the outstanding stability of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) after 1000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles in an alkaline medium infers its favorable electrocatalytic durability.
ZnO@SiO2 Nanocapsules: Efficient Fluorescence for Latent Fingerprint Detection
Authors: Zhai Jiali , Jiang Huan
Published: July 2023

As advanced fingerprint powders, fluorescent materials generally provide high sensitivity and improved contrast on the pigments or patterned surface, with high resolution. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles are used as fluorescent materials and are homogeneously embedded into SiO2 matrix to prepare ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules. Compared with conventional methods, ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules are fabricated using the transparent ethanol solution of ZnO NPs and n‐Octyltriethoxysilane without any surfactants. Interestingly, a large number of ZnO NPs can be homogeneously embedded in the silica matrix, reducing the aggregation‐induced quenching effect. The maximum emission of the ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules powder is located at 530 nm under 325 nm irradiation, and the photoluminescence intensity and the sensitivity of latent fingerprints development depend on the quantity of ZnO NPs in the composites. The prepared fluorescent ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules show outstanding property applied as effective fluorescent eikonogens for the high‐sensitivity visualization of latent fingerprints on different porous and non‐porous substrates. It has been demonstrated that ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules compounds combine the admirable adhesion of silica powders to fingerprint residues with the excellent photoluminescence properties of ZnO to form a promising light‐emitting material for fingerprint.
Solution‐Phase Tuning of Emission of Divalent Europium
Authors: Worku Sara A. , Sangram Sahoo Swaraj , Allen Matthew J. , Maity Sandeepan
Published: July 2023

The key to developing smart light‐emitting systems lies in the ability to tune luminescence with only modest changes in the chemical environment. Divalent europium‐based luminophores are unique materials that access emissions ranging from the blue to red regions of the visible spectrum. Early studies demonstrate the tunability of the emission of EuII in solid‐state host lattices, and recent research has shown that altering counter anions, solvents, and ligands also enables tuning of the emission of EuII. These findings are supported by numerous publications, and mechanistic studies shed light on the underlying theories behind the tunable emissions of EuII. The purpose of this article is to present the most recent hypotheses and understanding regarding the effect of counter anions, solvents, and ligands on luminescence properties of EuII based systems.
Synthesis and Antineoplastic Efficacy of Anthraquinone and Saturated Fatty Acid Conjugates
Authors: Mishra Bijayashree , Acharya Pratap Chandra , De Utpal Chandra
Published: July 2023

The clinical use of anthraquinone antibiotics such as doxorubicin in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to their toxic cardiomyopathy effects. The conjugation of anthraquinones with fatty acids is known to enhance bioactivity by increasing lipophilicity and facilitating cell membrane permeation. Short‐chain saturated fatty acids such as capric, caprylic, caproic acids, and lauric acids are known for their inherent anticancer properties on human colorectal cancer cells. In this study, 2‐hydroxyanthraquinone and saturated fatty acid esters were synthesized and evaluated against human colon cancer cell line HT‐29 and Colo‐205, breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7, and leukemia cell line K‐562 for their in vitro anticancer properties using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The anthraquinone‐saturated fatty acid conjugates produced excellent activity against human colon and breast cancer cell lines. The octanoic acid and hexanoic acid derivatives of 2‐hydroxy anthraquinone showed excellent anticancer activity with GI50 values of 0.2 nM and 1.0 nM against human colon cancer cell line Colo‐205 and the human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7, respectively, and emerged as the most active compounds. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity study against peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that these derivatives are non‐toxic in nature.
Application of Silver Compounds in Fluoroorganic Synthesis: A Minireview
Authors: Leszczynski Piotr J. , Jadwiszczak Michal J. , Grochala Wojciech
Published: July 2023

The mini‐review is focused on application of silver and its compounds in fluoroorganic synthesis, and it reflects immense progress in this field which took place during the last two decades, with additional examples of reactivity of historical importance. Reactions of C−H, C−F, N−H and O−H bond functionalization, as well as catalysis of cycloaddition reactions and intramolecular rearrangement, retro‐rearrangement, and functional group migrations, have been described. Whenever available in original works, the reaction mechanisms were discussed. Since silver may be catalytically active in each of its available oxidation states from (0), via (I) and (II) to (III) with their immensely diverse properties, the organofluorine part is preceded by a brief overview of chemistry of silver in general. Uniqueness of silver among Group 11 elements is highlighted.
3D Printable Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)‐Dextran Aqueous Two‐Phase System with Tunable Pores Structure and Size Enables Physiological Behavior of Embedded Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ben Messaoud Ghazi , Aveic Sanja , Wachendoerfer Mattis , Fischer Horst , Richtering Walter
Published: July 2023

The restricted porosity of most hydrogels established for in vitro 3D tissue engineering applications limits embedded cells with regard to their physiological spreading, proliferation, and migration behavior. To overcome these confines, porous hydrogels derived from aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) are an interesting alternative. However, while developing hydrogels with trapped pores is widespread, the design of bicontinuous hydrogels is still challenging. Herein, an ATPS consisting of photo‐crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and dextran is presented. The phase behavior, monophasic or biphasic, is tuned via the pH and dextran concentration. This, in turn, allows the formation of hydrogels with three distinct microstructures: homogenous nonporous, regular disconnected‐pores, and bicontinuous with interconnected‐pores. The pore size of the latter two hydrogels can be tuned from ≈4 to 100 µm. Cytocompatibility of the generated ATPS hydrogels is confirmed by testing the viability of stromal and tumor cells. Their distribution and growth pattern are cell‐type specific but are also strongly defined by the microstructure of the hydrogel. Finally, it is demonstrated that the unique porous structure is sustained when processing the bicontinuous system by inkjet and microextrusion techniques. The proposed ATPS hydrogels hold great potential for 3D tissue engineering applications due to their unique tunable interconnected porosity.
Molecular‐Cling‐Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Characterized via Ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene on SiOx/C Anode Materials – A New Perspective for Formerly Sub‐Sufficient SEI Forming Additive Compounds
Authors: Ghaur Adjmal , Pfeiffer Felix , Diddens Diddo , Peschel Christoph , Dienwiebel Iris , Du Leilei , Profanter Laurin , Weiling Matthias , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Nowak Sascha , Baghernejad Masoud
Published: July 2023

Effective electrolyte compositions are of primary importance in raising the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, fluorinated cyclic phosphazenes in combination with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) have been introduced as promising electrolyte additives, which can decompose to form an effective dense, uniform, and thin protective layer on the surface of electrodes. Although the basic electrochemical aspects of cyclic fluorinated phosphazenes combined with FEC were introduced, it is still unclear how these two compounds interact constructively during operation. This study investigates the complementary effect of FEC and ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (EtPFPN) in aprotic organic electrolyte in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O ∥ SiOx/C full cells. The formation mechanism of lithium ethyl methyl carbonate (LEMC)‐EtPFPN interphasial intermediate products and the reaction mechanism of lithium alkoxide with EtPFPN are proposed and supported by Density Functional Theory calculations. A novel property of FEC is also discussed here, called molecular‐cling‐effect (MCE). To the best knowledge, the MCE has not been reported in the literature, although FEC belongs to one of the most investigated electrolyte additives. The beneficial MCE of FEC toward the sub‐sufficient solid‐electrolyte interphase forming additive compound EtPFPN is investigated via gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, gas chromatography high resolution‐accurate mass spectrometry, in situ shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
Deterministic Magnetization Reversal in Synthetic Antiferromagnets using Natural Light
Authors: Du Yujing , Zhao Yifan , Wang Lei , He Zhexi , Wu Yangyang , Wang Chenying , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Liu Ming , Zhou Ziyao
Published: July 2023

Traditional current‐driven spintronics is limited by localized heating issues and large energy consumption, restricting their data storage density and operation speed. Meanwhile, voltage‐driven spintronics with much lower energy dissipation also suffers from charge‐induced interfacial corrosion. Thereby finding a novel way of tuning ferromagnetism is crucial for spintronics with energy‐saving and good reliability. Here, a visible light tuning of interfacial exchange interaction via photoelectron doping into synthetic antiferromagnetic heterostructure of CoFeB/Cu/CoFeB/PN Si substrate is demonstrated. Then, a complete, reversible magnetism switching between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states with visible light on and off is realized. Moreover, a visible light control of 180° deterministic magnetization switching with a tiny magnetic bias field is achieved. The magnetic optical Kerr effect results further reveal the magnetic domain switching pathway between AFM and FM domains. The first‐principle calculations conclude that the photoelectrons fill in the unoccupied band and raise the Fermi energy, which increases the exchange interaction. Lastly, a prototype device with visible light control of two states switching with a 0.35% giant magnetoresistance ratio change (maximal 0.4%), paving the way toward fast, compact, and energy‐efficient solar‐driven memories is fabricated.
Poly‐SiOx Passivating Contacts with Plasma‐Assisted N2O Oxidation of Silicon (PANO‐SiOx)
Authors: Yao Zhirong , Yang Guangtao , Han Can , Moya Paul Procel , Özkol Engin , Yan Jin , Zhao Yifeng , Cao Liqi , van Swaaij René , Mazzarella Luana , Isabella Olindo
Published: July 2023

Passivating contacts are crucial for realizing high‐performance crystalline silicon solar cells. Herein, contact formation by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) followed by an annealing step is focused on. Poly‐SiOx passivating contacts by combining plasma‐assisted N2O‐based oxidation of silicon (PANO‐SiOx) with a thin film of phosphorus (n+) or boron (p+)‐doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a‐SiOx:H) are manufactured. Postannealing is conducted for transitioning a‐SiOx:H into poly‐SiOx. The aim is to achieve a contact with low absorption and high‐quality passivation. It is demonstrated that by tuning the plasma oxidation process time and power, the PANO‐SiOx thickness and its passivation quality can be controlled. A higher SiO2 content is observed in PANO‐SiOx than in the nitric acid oxidation of silicon (NAOS‐SiOx) counterpart. PANO‐SiOx acts as a stronger diffusion barrier for both boron and phosphorus atoms compared to NAOS‐SiOx, affecting the dopant distribution during annealing. Implied open‐circuit voltages up to 751 and 710 mV for n+ and p+ flat symmetric samples, respectively, are demonstrated. With respect to standard thermally grown SiO2 tunneling oxide combined with (in/ex )situ‐doped low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition poly‐Si, this study presents a simple alternative for manufacturing passivating contact fully based on PECVD processes.
Accounting for Fabrication Variability in Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Four‐Terminal Tandem Applications
Authors: Tan Hu Quee , Liang Haoming , Krause Maximilian , Zhao Xinhai , Kothandaraman Radha , Carron Romain , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Fu Fan , Birgersson Erik , Hou Yi , Xue Hansong
Published: July 2023

Opto‐electronic models that seek to predict the performance of perovskite and tandem solar cells (PSCs/TSCs) often keep the optical and recombination parameters (ORPs) constant in subsequent studies. During fabrication of PSCs, however, these parameters can vary significantly. To account for the inherent fabrication variability, a comprehensive opto‐electronic‐electric model to predict the current–voltage characteristics of four‐terminal (4T) TSCs is developed. This model is calibrated with forty‐eight in‐house fabricated transparent PSCs with perovskite layer thickness of 420, 550, and 700 nm and corresponding median efficiencies of 20.6%, 21.1%, and 21.0%, respectively; a CIS bottom cell with stand‐alone efficiency of 17.5%; and combined 4T TSCs with a median efficiency of 29.0%. After fitting and validation, the functional forms of the ORPs are captured to estimate how they change with perovskite layer thickness. Finally, the errors with models assuming constant ORPs are demonstrated and how to improve the TSCs efficiency to more than 30% is discussed.
A Mechanoresponsive Smart Window Based on Multifunctional Luminescent Solar Concentrator
Authors: Son Juhee , Kim Jin A. , Joo Beom Soo , Lee Woo‐Young , Kang JoonHyun , Han Il Ki , Jang Ho Seong , Ko Hyungduk , Kang Gumin
Published: July 2023

A novel approach to creating a multifunctional smart window that combines electricity generation with transparency modulation is developed. The proposed smart window is based on a mechanoresponsive luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) composed of organic fluorophores (coumarin 6) impregnated into a compressible polymer matrix (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) that is surface‐modified on one side. In its initial state, the LSC is optically transparent but becomes increasingly opaque upon the application of compressive strain to the PDMS matrix, resulting in a higher optical shielding property and eventually becoming translucent. The smart window's degree of specular transmission can be reversibly adjusted between 20% and 84%, making it suitable for use as a switchable privacy window. Additionally, the LSC‐photovoltaic (PV) window maintains a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) even when in a translucent state with the privacy function enabled. Under AM1.5G solar irradiation (1 sun, 100 mW cm2), the LSC‐PV module achieves PCEs of 1.05–1.48% and optical efficiencies (ηopt) of 8.6–12.0%, depending on the strain. This technology holds significant promise for building‐integrated photovoltaics and smart window applications, such as privacy‐protecting windows, daylight‐controlling windows, power‐generating antinoise barriers, and transparent solar cells.
Chromatographic separation to determine doxycycline monohydrate and ornidazole
Authors: Patel Bhoomi , Patel Satish
Published: July 2023

High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography offers a variety of benefits that may assist you to save time and money, notably the capacity to run multiple samples at once and its reduced solvent usage. In alignment with the needs of molecular chemistry, it was also employed to modify and derivatize the stationary phase. Using a precise, accurate, as well as affordable high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography approach, the simultaneous measurement method for Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole in the formulation has been developed and validated. Methanol: Iso‐propyl alcohol: Triethylamine (8:1.5:0.5, v/v/v) was used as the mobile phase during the separation, which took place on a stationary phase of pre‐treated derivatized silica gel aluminum plate 60 F254. At 285 nm, separated components were densitometrically measured. The method was validated for Linearity and range, precision, reproducibility, accuracy, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and robustness as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) guideline. Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole regression coefficients (R2) were found to be 0.9967 and 0.9964, accordingly. Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole percentage recoveries were measured to be 99.74 ± 0.65 and 100.8 ± 1.17, respectively. The analytical findings demonstrate that the proposed approach could be used to quantify Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulation.
Hybrid Life: Integrating biological, artificial, and cognitive systems
Authors: Baltieri Manuel , Iizuka Hiroyuki , Witkowski Olaf , Sinapayen Lana , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: July 2023

Artificial life is a research field studying what processes and properties define life, based on a multidisciplinary approach spanning the physical, natural, and computational sciences. Artificial life aims to foster a comprehensive study of life beyond “life as we know it” and toward “life as it could be,” with theoretical, synthetic, and empirical models of the fundamental properties of living systems. While still a relatively young field, artificial life has flourished as an environment for researchers with different backgrounds, welcoming ideas, and contributions from a wide range of subjects. Hybrid Life brings our attention to some of the most recent developments within the artificial life community, rooted in more traditional artificial life studies but looking at new challenges emerging from interactions with other fields. Hybrid Life aims to cover studies that can lead to an understanding, from first principles, of what systems are and how biological and artificial systems can interact and integrate to form new kinds of hybrid (living) systems, individuals, and societies. To do so, it focuses on three complementary perspectives: theories of systems and agents, hybrid augmentation, and hybrid interaction. Theories of systems and agents are used to define systems, how they differ (e.g., biological or artificial, autonomous, or nonautonomous), and how multiple systems relate in order to form new hybrid systems. Hybrid augmentation focuses on implementations of systems so tightly connected that they act as a single, integrated one. Hybrid interaction is centered around interactions within a heterogeneous group of distinct living and nonliving systems. After discussing some of the major sources of inspiration for these themes, we will focus on an overview of the works that appeared in Hybrid Life special sessions, hosted by the annual Artificial Life Conference between 2018 and 2022.

This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition

Philosophy > Artificial Intelligence

Computer Science and Robotics > Robotics