bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parmak erozyonu süreçlerinin WEPP modeli yaklaşımı ile ince bünyeli topraklar için değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ASLAN Şefika , DEVİREN SAYGIN Selen , ARI Fikret , TEMİZ Çağla , ÜNAL Mehmet Altay , ERPUL Günay
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, yarı kurak iklim şartlarında altında gelişen, kil içeriği yüksek 5 farklı kuru tarım arazisine ait toprak örneklerinin parmak erozyon süreçlerine karşı olan duyarlılıkları WEPP model (Water Erosion Prediction Project/Su Erozyonu Tahmin Projesi) yaklaşımına uygun olarak değerlendirilerek, model performansı Nash-Sutcliffe model etkinliği (NSE, Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency) yaklaşımı ile belirlenmiştir. Modelde parmak erozyonu süreçleri parmak erozyon duyarlılığı (Kr, s m-1) ve kritik akış kesme gerilimi (τcr) olarak adlandırılan değişkenler ile ölçülmektedir. Bu değişkenlerin elde edilmesinde, V şekilli küçük oluk ölçüm düzeneğinden (mini-flume) yararlanılmış olup, değerlendirilen farklı toprak türleri için, değişen yüzey akış oranları altında parçalanma oranı ve akış gerilimleri ölçülmüştür. Model performansının değerlendirilmesi amacı ile, WEPP modeli için içsel toprak özelliklerinden yararlanılarak geliştirilen deneysel eşitlikler ile tahmin edilen duyarlılık ve kritik akış kesme gerilimi değerleri, laboratuvar ortamında mini-flume ölçümlerinden elde edilen değerler ile NSE yaklaşımına göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, örneklerin silt kapsamı arttıkça model performansının yükseldiğini göstermiştir. Bu durum modelin geliştirildiği toprak koşulları göz önüne alındığında uyumlu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kritik akış kesme gerilimleri açısından ölçülen ve tahmin edilen değerler karşılaştırıldığında, laboratuvar ortamında ölçülen τcr değerleri (0,36; 0,35; 0,37; 0,35; 0,40) model tahminleri (4,39; 3,5; 3,5; 3,5; 3,5)’ne göre oldukça düşük, model performansını ortaya koyan NSE değerleri (-1,36E+04; -5,70E+04; -2,21E+04; -1,04E+03; -1,98E+04)’de son derece düşüktür. Bu durum, modelin örneklem setinin değişen bünye koşulları açısından sınırlı olması ile açıklanabilmektedir. Özellikle ulusal ölçekte yapılacak planlamalarda tarım topraklarında karşılaşılan parmak erozyon riskinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla önerilen eşitliklerin daha geniş veri setleri ile doğrulamalarının yapılması ve süreç tabanlı modelleme yaklaşımının kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması toprak ve su koruma açısından alınacak önlemlerin ve arazi yönetimleriyle ilgili olarak ortaya konulacak hedeflerin gerçekleştirilebilmesi açısından son derece önemli ve gereklidir.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOMEN'S ATTITUDES TOWARDS EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL CANCER AND HEALTH LITERACY LEVELS
Authors: YEŞİLDAĞ Birnur , YILMAZ Ayşe
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between women's attitudes toward early diagnosis of cervical cancer and their health literacy levels.The sample of the descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 714 women aged over 18 who lived in a district center. Data were collected through the "Personal Information Form", the "Attitude Scale Towards Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer (ASTEC)" and the "Health Literacy Scale (HLS)". Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 16.0 program. Percentage distribution, t-test, ANOVA test, and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis, and statistical significance was accepted p
Update on the risk factors for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand
Authors: Prasopdee Sattrachai , Rojthongpond Thittinan , Chitkoolsamphan Yanwadee , Pholhelm Montinee , Yusuk Siraphatsorn , Pattaraarchachai Junya , Butthongkomvong Kritiya , Kulsantiwong Jutharat , Phanaksri Teva , Kunjantarachot Anthicha , Tesana Smarn , Sathavornmanee Thanakrit , Thitapakorn Veerachai
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to identify the recent risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) to improve disease prevention. The participants were divided into the following 3 groups based on their health status: healthy control (nonOV and nonCCA), those with O. viverrini infection (OV), and those with CCA. A questionnaire was used to explore their lifestyle and behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression and backward elimination were used to identify the significant risk factors. The results showed that the significant risk factors for both O. viverrini infection and CCA were age>50 years (odd ratio (OR)=8.44, p<0.001, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.98–23.90 and OR=43.47, p=0.001, 95% CI 14.71–128.45, respectively) and raw fish consumption (OR=8.48, p< 0.001, 95% CI 3.18–22.63 and OR=3.15, p=0.048, 95% CI 1.01–9.86, respectively). A history of O. viverrini infection was identified as an additional risk factor for CCA (OR=20.93, p=0.011, 95% CI 2.04–215.10). This study provided an update on the risk factors for O. viverrini infection and CCA. Asymptomatic patients with O. viverrini infection, particularly those>50 years old, should be carefully monitored to prevent CCA.
Antiamoebic activities of flavonoids against pathogenic free-living amoebae, Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba species
Authors: Lê Hương Giang , Võ Tuấn Cường , Kang Jung-Mi , Nguyễn Thu Hằng , Hwang Buyng-Su , Oh Young-Taek , Na Byoung-Kuk
Published: November 2023

Free-living amoebae (FLA) rarely cause human infections but can invoke fatal infections in the central nervous system (CNS). No consensus treatment has been established for FLA infections of the CNS, emphasizing the urgent need to discover or develop safe and effective drugs. Flavonoids, natural compounds from plants and plant-derived products, are known to have antiprotozoan activities against several pathogenic protozoa parasites. The anti-FLA activity of flavonoids has also been proposed, while their antiamoebic activity for FLA needs to be emperically determined. We herein evaluated the antiamoebic activities of 18 flavonoids against Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba species which included A. castellanii and A. polyphaga. These flavonoids showed different profiles of antiamoebic activity against N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba species. Demethoxycurcumin, kaempferol, resveratrol, and silybin (A+B) showed in vitro antiamoebic activity against both N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba species. Apigenin, costunolide, (‒)-epicatechin, (‒)-epigallocatechin, rosmarinic acid, and (‒)-trans-caryophyllene showed selective antiamoebic activity for Acanthamoeba species. Luteolin was more effective for N. fowleri. However, afzelin, berberine, (±)-catechin, chelerythrine, genistein, (+)-pinostrobin, and quercetin did not exhibit antiamoebic activity against the amoeba species. They neither showed selective antiamoebic activity with significant cytotoxicity to C6 glial cells. Our results provide a basis for the anti-FLA activity of flavonoids, which can be applied to develope alternative or supplemental therapeutic agents for FLA infections of the CNS.
Functional characterization of Clonorchis sinensis choline transporter
Authors: Won Jeong Yeon , Louis Johnsy Mary , Roh Eui Sun , Cha Seok Ho , Han Jin-Hee
Published: November 2023

Clonorchis sinensis is commonly found in East Asian countries. Clonorchiasis is prevalent in these countries and can lead to various clinical symptoms. In this study, we used overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system to isolate a cDNA encoding the choline transporter of C. sinensis (CsChT). We subsequently characterized recombinant CsChT. Expression of CsChT in X. laevis oocytes enabled efficient transport of radiolabeled choline, with no detectable uptake of arginine, α-ketoglutarate, p-aminohippurate, taurocholate, and estrone sulfate. Influx and efflux experiments showed that CsChT-mediated choline uptake was time- and sodium-dependent, with no exchange properties. Concentration-dependent analyses of revealed saturable kinetics consistent with the Michaelis–Menten equation, while nonlinear regression analyses revealed a Km value of 8.3 μM and a Vmax of 61.0 pmol/oocyte/h. These findings contribute to widen our understanding of CsChT transport properties and the cascade of choline metabolisms within C. sinensis.
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Chai Jong-Yil , Seo Min , Shin Dong Hoon
Published: November 2023

Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea’s past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.
GEBE KADINLARIN GEBELİK SÜRECİNDE İLAÇ KULLANIMI HAKKINDA BİLGİ TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ALBAYRAK Aslınur , DEMİR Ayşe , SEZİK Mekin
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de bir üniversite hastanesinde kadın doğum polikliniklerine başvuran gebe kadınların gebelikte ilaç kullanımlarına ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma kesitsel bir anket çalışmasıdır. 13 Mart-14 Nisan 2023 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesi kadın doğum polikliniklerinde 18 yaş üstü gebe kadınlarda yüz yüze olacak şekilde yürütülmüştür.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Ankete katılan gebe kadınların %64.4’ü 22-29 yaşları arasındaydı ve %42.3’ü üniversite mezunuydu. Gebelerin kadınların çoğunluğu (%83.4) vitamin-mineral takviyesi almaktaydı. Gebe kadınların bilgi, tutum ve davranış puanlarının ortalama±standart sapması sırasıyla 3.38±0.91, 12.8±1.72 ve 4.73±0.578’di. Gebe kadınların genel olarak bilgi, tutum ve davranışları iyi bulunmuştu ancak yine de bazı bilgi eksiklikleri bulunmaktaydı. Gebe kadınların gebelik sırasında güvenli ilaç kullanımı ve kaçınılması gereken ilaçlar konusunda eğitilmesine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
KLİNİKTE ÖNEMLİ OLAN KATEKOLAMİN VE TÜREVLERİNİN YAPILARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TARI Özden , KÜRTÜL Mustafa
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Katekolaminler olarak adlandırılan monoamin yapısındaki 3,4-dihidroksifeniletilamin türevi dopamin, epinefrin ve norepinefrin, çok önemli biyolojik rolleri olan endojen bileşiklerdir. Katekol yapısı taşıyan bu biyomoleküllerin, kendine özgü reseptörleri uyararak, organizmadaki pek çok sistemi kontrol ettiği bilinmektedir. Özellikle bu endojen bileşiklerin, adrenerjik ve dopaminerjik sistem üzerinden uyarıcı etkilerinin olduğu görülmektedir. Pek çok biyolojik süreçte hormon veya nörotransmitter olarak yer alan bu bileşikler, terapötik önemleri nedeniyle sentetik olarak da elde edilerek klinikte kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, endojen katekolaminlerin farmakolojik ve farmasötik özelliklerini iyileştirmek amacıyla, kimyasal modifikasyonlar ile yeni pek çok türevi geliştirilmiştir. Klinikteki kullanımlarının geniş ve önemli olması, bu bileşikleri araştırmacılar için değerli kılmaktadır. Katekolamin ve türevi bileşiklerin aktivitelerinin incelenmesi kadar kimyasal yapılarının anlaşılması ve sentez yöntemlerinin araştırılması da yeni türevlerin geliştirilmesi açısından çok önemlidir.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Bu nedenle bu çalışmada klinik önemleri olan katekolamin türevlerinin yapıları ve özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda katekolaminlerin kimyasal özellikleri, biyosentezleri ve sentetik olarak elde edilme yöntemleri ile biyolojik aktiviteleri ve klinikteki kullanımları ortaya konulmuştur.
Work-Related Stress and Organizational Well-Being: Psychological Aspects
Authors: Formisano, Ph.D. Maria Anna
Published: November 2023

Organizations have specific goals and targeted objectives, but often the life of an organization is influenced by different variables that affect people's quality of life and their health. The World Health Organization defines health as «a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or disability». Understanding the importance of individual and organizational health allows for greater knowledge of the phenomena of malaise, discomfort, and work-related stress. For this reason, the preliminary evaluation and multidimensional analysis of all the variables, which can cause forms of discomfort such as work-related stress, become fundamental. Furthermore, let's not forget that each person is a member of the organizational community. For these reasons, each acts based on his emotions, his knowledge, his affectivity, and his personality. Unfortunately, however, this individual action has repercussions on collective action. And here is a real chain reaction. This article will examine the importance of psychophysical well-being and any states of discomfort that could lead to work-related stress. The study aims to implement a project based on sustainability and organizational well-being.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Numerasi Melalui Permainan Tradisional
Authors: Rozy Fakhrur , Baalwi Muhammad Assegaf
Published: November 2023

Sangat penting bagi anak-anak untuk menguasai keterampilan numerasi sejak kecil untuk menyelesaikan masalah sehari-hari menggunakan konsep matematika. Dibutuhkan pedagogi kreatif untuk meningkatkat kemampuan numerasi siswa salah satunya dengan permainan tradisional ular tangga. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh permainan ular tangga terhadap kemampuan numerasi siswa sekolah dasar. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan di Sidoarjo tepatnya di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sidokare 3 dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 30 orang, terdiri dari 4 laki-laki dan 26 perempuan yang merupakan siswa kelas 5. Data kemampuan numerasi didapatkan melalui pretest dan postest berupa soal masing-masing sejumlah 20 dengan treatment berupa permainan ular tangga selama seminggu. Analisis data menggunakan paired sample Ttest dengan bantuan SPSS 26. Hasil. Hasil analisis data membuktikan bahwa ada peningkatan sebesar 27% dengan nilai t=-4.029 dengan nilai Sig (2-tailed = 0,000) < α (0.05) yang berarti ada beda antara hasil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Haltersebut menjelaskan bahwa kemampuan numerasi dapat ditingkatkan dengan pemberian perlakuaan berupa permainan tradisional. Kesimpulan. Kemampuan numerasi siswa khususnya di sekolah dasar dapat ditingkatkan dengan pedagogi kreatif salah satunya dengan model permainan. Permainan tradisional ular tangga menjadi salah satu opsinya.
The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes of Social Science Materials for Grade 4 Students
Authors: Setianingsih Atika Erlis , Rahma Pratiwi Emy Yunita
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the Discovery Learning learning model on the learning outcomes of grade 4 students at SDN Gempolegundi Gudo Jombang. Research Methods The quantitive approach with the number of samples is 35 respondents by means of nonprobability sampling techniques with total sampling type. In this study, two meetings were not treated two times and were not treated and at the second meeting was given a treatment (treatment). Instrument. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire and research documentation and statistical analysis with the help of SPSS 26 software.  From the results of the study found The influence of learning models on student learning outcomes. From the calculation of SPSS 26 which addresses the influence of the Discovery Learning learning model on social studies learning outcomes at SDN Gempollegundi Gudo Jombang from the calculation obtained tcount (9,399) â‰¥ ttable (0.3338) so that H0 is rejected and H1 received an average of the pretest is 60, 00 with the number of samples used 18 and posttest is 80.29 with the number of samples used 17. can be seen in the table
The Development of Flipbook Picture Book Materials on Metamorphosis in IPA Learning for Class IV SDN Jogoloyo
Authors: Khumairo Anisah , Edi Siswanto M. Bambang
Published: November 2023

This research is developmental research by using the ADDIE model. ADDIE model are Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. This model is used to solve problems in learning related to the learning media used and adapted from the students’ characteristics. This development research was carried out starting from the Analyze stage, the Design stage, the Development stage, the Implementation stage, and the Evaluation stage. In this study, the research subjects were fourth grade students in the academic year 2021/2022. The technique of collecting media validity data is a validation questionnaire sheet, student response questionnaires; then for quality uses was the average of the validation and implementation results. The learning flipbook picture book media can be said to be valid because it has exceeded the predetermined results. Thus the flipbook picture book media can be used in learning activities. The total score was 162 with average 61.33% and get a percentage score of 89.34%. The results of the trial of the development of learning media obtained a score of 768 from a maximum result of 880 and after the analysis, the percentage score was 87.33%. It was concluded that based on the trial of the development of this learning media, it showed significant results. The fourth grade students are also able to receive learning theme 6 sub-theme 1 learning 2 by using flipbook picture book learning media properly.
Development of Montik Media in the Environment I Live in for Class IV Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Sholihah Robiatus , Siswanto Bambang
Published: November 2023

The use of media in learning is an important aspect to support learning. There are many media that can be used in the learning system, especially in the elementary school environment. The media that can be used in the elementary school environment is to apply the MONTIK (Thematic Monopoly) media. Thematic Monopoly Media can be applied to elementary school students because the basis of student learning in elementary school is having fun while learning by using cards as a medium to convey material. The purpose of this study is to find out the making of thematic monopoly media and its application in integrated thematic learning for class IV at SDN Jogoloyo on the theme "My Living Environment". This research uses RnB research by prioritizing the development process in 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques in this study used 3 aspects, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research conducted showed that thematic monopoly media for fourth grade students with the 8 sub-theme â€œMy Living Environmentâ€ theme at SDN Jogoloyo was an effective step in carrying out learning so that it could improve student learning outcomes in that class.
KASIH IBU (Edukasi Mengenai ASI Eksklusif dan MP-ASI Pada Ibu) At Posyandu Kenanga 1, Cipadu Village, Larangan District, Tangerang City
Authors: Anwar Khoirul , Nanda Elza , Permana Juwita Cahaya , Sulistyaningsih Lilis , Fitri Yuni Pradilla , Maskar Dadi H
Published: November 2023

Wasting is one of the malnutrition that occurs in children and is a nutritional problem that is currently still occurring in Indonesia with the prevalence of wasting in Indonesia in 2021 namely 7.1% while in Tangerang City it is 5.9% in 2021. The purpose of the implementation of this program is to increase the knowledge of pregnant and lactating mothers at Posyandu Kenanga 1, Cipadu Village, Larangan District, Tangerang City regarding exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding. The method used in the implementation of this program is counseling and cooking demonstrations using leaflet as a media through 3 stages, namely the stages of preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Based on the implementation of the "KASIH IBU", it was found that there was an increase in knowledge of the respondents which was indicated by a P-value of 0.001 obtained through pre-test and post-test data. Based on the programs that have been carried out, it shows that there is an increase in knowledge of the respondents and respondents like the menu of the RUAS TOL which is demonstrated and respondents think that this program is well implemented, so that educational programs like this are important to do in order to increase knowledge in the community.
Hydroponic Training For Supporting Household Food Security And Nutrition Tlogohaji Village PKK’s Empowerment
Authors: Farahdiansari Ardana Putri
Published: November 2023

Ibu rumah tangga memegang peranan penting dalam ketahanan pangan dan gizi keluarga. Konsumsi sayur adalah salah satu hal penting dalam gizi keluarga karena sayur adalah salah satu pangan yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan vitamin dan mineral yang diperlukan keluarga. Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di desa Tlogohaji ini mengajak para ibu rumah tangga yang bernaung dalam PKK Desa Tlogohaji untuk mampu meningkatkan ketahanan pangan khususnya sayuran dengan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan persediaan sayur secara mandiri dengan Teknik Hidroponik. Teknik hidroponik ini dipilih karena dapat dilakukan di lahan mana saja termasuk pekarangan rumah dan tidak tergantung dengan musim sehingga hasilnya dapat dipanen sepanjang tahun. Pelatihan ini juga memberikan edukasi mengenai pentingnya sayur untuk keluarga, sehingga para ibu rumah tangga di desa Tlogohaji akan mampu menyediakan sumber pangan mandiri dan kreatif dalam menyajikan menu harian bernutrisi untuk keluarga.
Education about anemia based on WhatsApp Group for young women at SMPN Negeri 18 Palu
Authors: Adhyanti Adhyanti , Hanipa Sopya , Kusumawati Dwi Erma
Published: November 2023

Remaja putri mengalami anemia selain disebabkan karena menstruasi tiap bulannya, juga disebabkan karena konsumsi makanan. Berdasarkan penelitian konsumsi makanan berkaitan erat dengan tingkat pengetahuan seseorang. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang anemia gizi melalui edukasi berbasis WhatsApp group (WAG) pada remaja putri di SMPN 18 Palu. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berupa kegiatan edukasi dengan cara pemberian materi melalui WAG. Kelompok sasaran kegiatan adalah remaja putri (siswi) di SMPN 18 Palu. Kegiatan dimulai dengan tatap muka langsung di kelas terlebih dahulu kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan melalui WAG. Kelompok sasaran dilakukan pretest dan post test untuk mengukur perubahan pengetahuan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukan terjadi peningkatan persentase kelompok sasaran dengan pengetahuan baik 78,4% sebelum edukasi menjadi 98% setelah dilakukan edukasi. Kegiatan seperti ini perlu terus dilakukan sebagai langkah pencegahan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri.
Wild-type S100A3 and S100A13 restore calcium homeostasis and mitigate mitochondrial dysregulation in pulmonary fibrosis patient-derived cells
Authors: Al-Mutairy Eid A. , Al Qattan Somaya , Khalid Mohammed , Al-Enazi Azizah A. , Al-Saif Maher M. , Imtiaz Faiqa , Ramzan Khushnooda , Raveendran Vineesh , Alaiya Ayodele , Meyer Brian F. , Atamas Sergei P. , Collison Kate S. , Khabar Khalid S. , Hasday Jeffrey D. , Al-Mohanna Futwan
Published: November 2023

Patients with digenic S100A3 and S100A13 mutations exhibited an atypical and progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, with impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we provide direct evidence of a causative effect of the mutation on receptor mediated calcium signaling and calcium store responses in control cells transfected with mutant S100A3 and mutant S100A13. We demonstrate that the mutations lead to increased mitochondrial mass and hyperpolarization, both of which were reversed by transfecting patient-derived cells with the wild type S100A3 and S100A13, or extracellular treatment with the recombinant proteins. In addition, we demonstrate increased secretion of inflammatory mediators in patient-derived cells and in control cells transfected with the mutant-encoding constructs. These findings indicate that treatment of patients’ cells with recombinant S100A3 and S100A13 proteins is sufficient to normalize most of cellular responses, and may therefore suggest the use of these recombinant proteins in the treatment of this devastating disease.
A step forward to understanding the development of volcanotectonic rifts: the structure of the Fremrinamar Fissure Swarm (Iceland)
Authors: Pedicini Martina , Bonali Fabio Luca , Corti Noemi , Pasquaré Mariotto Federico Aligi , Drymoni Kyriaki , Tibaldi Alessandro
Published: November 2023

We analysed all the Holocene structures defining the Fremrinamar Fissure Swarm (FFS), in the Northern Volcanic Zone of Iceland, through the interpretation of aerial photos, orthomosaics and Digital Surface Models (DSMs), and field surveys. We measured the strike, dip, length and kinematics of 761 normal faults and reconstructed the slip profile of 76 main faults (length >2 km), with the purpose of evaluating the overall direction of along-axis rift propagation. We also measured the strike of 146 eruptive fissures and 1,128 extension fractures. A total of 421 faults dip towards the east and 340 dip towards the west, mainly striking N0°-10°E. Maximum fault length is 14.2 km, and W-dipping faults are longer than E-dipping faults. The majority of eruptive fissures strike N10°-20°E, and are concentrated in the southern part of the FFS, around the Fremrinamar central volcano. Extension fractures mainly strike N0°-10°E, with a maximum length of 2,508 m. We evaluated the variation of strike, fracture density and spacing along the FFS, and observed a change of its trend from NNE-SSW in the central-southern part, to NNW-SSE in the northern part. We interpret this evidence as the effect of the intersection with the Grimsey Lineament. The tapering of fault slip profiles indicates a main northward propagation of the rift, and thus of the deformation, interpreted as the effect of lateral propagation of dykes from the magma chamber below the central volcano towards the north. Such interpretation is also supported by the distribution of normal faults, vertical offset and dilation values, and also by the rift width, which tend to decrease towards the north.
Feasibility assessment of solution mining and gas storage in salt caverns: a case study of the Sanshui salt mine
Authors: Yi Weikai , Li Qihang , Zhao Xiangyang , Liu Wei , Du Jinwu
Published: November 2023

The Sanshui salt mine is the sole location in the Guangdong province of South China with the potential to construct a salt cavern gas storage (SCGS) facility. Nevertheless, the gas storage construction of this mine faces significant challenges due to the presence of low‒grade salt deposits and numerous interlayers. To demonstrate the feasibility and calculate the gas storage capacity in this specific mining area, two representative salt caverns within this salt mine were simulated using a self-developed cavern-building simulation program, enabling us to accurately determine their respective volumes and shapes. Herein, the findings indicate that the combined caverns possess a total mining space volume of 1,157,000 m3, with the brine space accounting for merely 291,800 m3 (representing 25.22% of the overall mining space), and an extensive sedimentary volume of 865,200 m3 is also observed (constituting approximately 74.78% of the total mining capacity). Fortunately, this study has revealed that the sediments exhibit a porosity exceeding 40% and possess favorable permeability; consequently, countermeasures have been proposed to enhance the gas storage capacity within the pore space of these caverns, and we also utilized FLAC3D software for numerical simulation calculations to compare the stability of the cavern under different conditions of sediment pore utilization by calculating the volume loss rate, cavern wall displacement deformation, and plastic zone distribution. Moreover, the proposed method is anticipated to double the caverns’ working gas volume, increasing it from 40 million m3 to nearly 80 million m3. On the other hand, the long-term stability of caverns is numerically assessed under different pore space utilization rates of the sediments. The results also indicate that the caverns’ volume shrinkage, plastic zones, and surrounding rock displacement remain within allowable limits during 30 years of gas storage operation. The primary problem in the subsequent phase lies in effectively achieving gas injection and brine removal from the pore space of sediments while devising a methodology to extend this method to other salt caverns within similar salt mine areas. Thus, this study provides theoretical and technical guidance for the establishment of gas storage in existing salt caverns in the Sanshui salt mine and in salt mines worldwide that share similar geological conditions.
Recognition of cavitation characteristics in non-clogging pumps based on the improved Lévy flight bat algorithm
Authors: Lang Tao , Ni Chen , Chen Keqiang , Xu Enxiang , Yin Jia , Shen Xi , Wu Xing , Zhang Desheng
Published: November 2023

The performance and operational stability of non-clogging pumps can be affected by cavitation. To accurately identify the cavitation state of the non-clogging pump and provide technical references for monitoring its operation, a study was conducted on the optimization of Elman neural networks for cavitation monitoring and identification using the Improved Lévy Flight Bat Algorithm (ILBA) on the basis of the traditional Bat Algorithm (BA). The ILBA employs multiple bats to interact and search for targets and utilizes the local search strategy of Lévy flight, effectively avoiding local minima by taking advantage of the non-uniform random walk characteristics of large jumps. The ILBA algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared to other traditional algorithms through simulation testing and comparative calculations with eight benchmark test functions. On this basis, the optimization of the weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network was carried out by the improved bat algorithm. This leads to an enhancement in the accuracy of the neural network for identifying and classifying cavitation data, and the establishment of the ILBA-Elman cavitation diagnosis model was achieved. Collect pressure pulsation signals at the tongue of the non-clogging pump volute through cavitation tests. Through the cavitation feature extraction method based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Multi-scale Dispersion Entropy (MDE), the interference signal can be effectively suppressed and the complexity of the time series can be measured from multiple angles, thereby creating a cavitation feature data set. The improved cavitation diagnosis model (ILBA-Elman) can realize the effective identification of the cavitation characteristics of non-clogging pumps through a variety of algorithm comparison experiments.
Mapping the knowledge of ecosystem service-based ecological risk assessment: scientometric analysis in CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and SciMAT
Authors: Qian Liang , Zeng Xiwen , Ding Yi , Peng Li
Published: November 2023

The ecosystem services approach offers a more ecologically relevant method to establish environmental conservation goals and implement ecological risk assessment (ERA). The emergence of bibliometrics has facilitated the development of new systematic review techniques. In this study, we utilised CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and SciMAT software, based on the Web of Science database, to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the ecosystem service-based ecological risk assessment (ESRA) literature knowledge map spanning from 1994 to 2023. This article explored the field’s evolution from macro to micro perspectives, incorporating background information, current trends, and knowledge structure. The findings demonstrate that ESRA has progressed from an initial stage to a phase of global cooperation and policy applications. This transition between stages has been characterised by a shift from focusing on natural processes to understanding human impacts on ecosystems. Key themes identified include ecosystem services, landscape ERA, aquatic ERA and ecosystem health. The overall development of ERA can be observed as a progression through different periods, namely, the traditional era, regional era, and landscape era. Currently, landscape ERA methods based on changes in land use and land cover are widely employed. The study also revealed various challenges in the ESRA field, such as data availability, scale issues, and uncertainty. Future ESRA studies should consider holistic ecosystem services, interdisciplinary approaches, ecological models, and advanced technologies to address complexity. Using big data and informatisation for research offers new opportunities but requires integration and innovation. It is anticipated that ESRA holds promise for ecological sustainability and human wellbeing.
Advances in transposable elements: from mechanisms to applications in mammalian genomics
Authors: Han Mei , Perkins Matthew H. , Novaes Leonardo Santana , Xu Tao , Chang Hao
Published: November 2023

It has been 70 years since Barbara McClintock discovered transposable elements (TE), and the mechanistic studies and functional applications of transposable elements have been at the forefront of life science research. As an essential part of the genome, TEs have been discovered in most species of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and the relative proportion of the total genetic sequence they comprise gradually increases with the expansion of the genome. In humans, TEs account for about 40% of the genome and are deeply involved in gene regulation, chromosome structure maintenance, inflammatory response, and the etiology of genetic and non-genetic diseases. In-depth functional studies of TEs in mammalian cells and the human body have led to a greater understanding of these fundamental biological processes. At the same time, as a potent mutagen and efficient genome editing tool, TEs have been transformed into biological tools critical for developing new techniques. By controlling the random insertion of TEs into the genome to change the phenotype in cells and model organisms, critical proteins of many diseases have been systematically identified. Exploiting the TE’s highly efficient in vitro insertion activity has driven the development of cutting-edge sequencing technologies. Recently, a new technology combining CRISPR with TEs was reported, which provides a novel targeted insertion system to both academia and industry. We suggest that interrogating biological processes that generally depend on the actions of TEs with TEs-derived genetic tools is a very efficient strategy. For example, excessive activation of TEs is an essential factor in the occurrence of cancer in humans. As potent mutagens, TEs have also been used to unravel the key regulatory elements and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Through this review, we aim to effectively combine the traditional views of TEs with recent research progress, systematically link the mechanistic discoveries of TEs with the technological developments of TE-based tools, and provide a comprehensive approach and understanding for researchers in different fields.
“Low-risk groups” deserve more attention than “high-risk groups” in imported COVID-19 cases
Authors: Zheng Wanshan , Tan Ying , Zhao Zedi , Chen Jin , Dong Xiaomei , Chen Xiongfei
Published: November 2023

Objective

To estimate the optimal quarantine period for inbound travelers and identify key risk factors to provide scientific reference for emerging infectious diseases.

Methods

A parametric survival analysis model was used to calculate the time interval between entry and first positive nucleic acid test of imported cases in Guangzhou, to identify the influencing factors. And the COVID-19 epidemic risk prediction model based on multiple risk factors among inbound travelers was constructed.

Results

The approximate 95th percentile of the time interval was 14 days. Multivariate analysis found that the mean time interval for inbound travelers in entry/exit high-risk occupations was 29% shorter (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.18–0.46, p < 0.0001) than that of low-risk occupations, those from Africa were 37% shorter (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17–0.78, p = 0.01) than those from Asia, those who were fully vaccinated were 1.88 times higher (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.13–3.12, p = 0.01) than that of those who were unvaccinated, and those in other VOC periods were lower than in the Delta period. Decision tree analysis showed that a combined entry/exit low-risk occupation group with Delta period could create a high indigenous epidemic risk by 0.24.

Conclusion

Different strata of imported cases can result in varying degrees of risk of indigenous outbreaks. “low-risk groups” with entry/exit low-risk occupations, fully vaccinated, or from Asia deserve more attention than “high-risk groups.”
Regulatory mechanisms triggered by enzyme interactions with lipid membrane surfaces
Authors: Yu Jie , Boehr David D.
Published: November 2023

Recruitment of enzymes to intracellular membranes often modulates their catalytic activity, which can be important in cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Thus, re-localization is not only important for these enzymes to gain access to their substrates, but membrane interactions often allosterically regulate enzyme function by inducing conformational changes across different time and amplitude scales. Recent structural, biophysical and computational studies have revealed how key enzymes interact with lipid membrane surfaces, and how this membrane binding regulates protein structure and function. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding regulatory mechanisms involved in enzyme-membrane interactions.
Opposing roles of Fos, Raw, and SARM1 in the regulation of axonal degeneration and synaptic structure
Authors: Waller Thomas J. , Collins Catherine A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The degeneration of injured axons is driven by conserved molecules, including the sterile armadillo TIR domain-containing protein SARM1, the cJun N-terminal kinase JNK, and regulators of these proteins. These molecules are also implicated in the regulation of synapse development though the mechanistic relationship of their functions in degeneration vs. development is poorly understood.

Results and discussion

Here, we uncover disparate functional relationships between SARM1 and the transmembrane protein Raw in the regulation of Wallerian degeneration and synaptic growth in motoneurons of Drosophila melanogaster. Our genetic data suggest that Raw antagonizes the downstream output MAP kinase signaling mediated by Drosophila SARM1 (dSarm). This relationship is revealed by dramatic synaptic overgrowth phenotypes at the larval neuromuscular junction when motoneurons are depleted for Raw or overexpress dSarm. While Raw antagonizes the downstream output of dSarm to regulate synaptic growth, it shows an opposite functional relationship with dSarm for axonal degeneration. Loss of Raw leads to decreased levels of dSarm in axons and delayed axonal degeneration that is rescued by overexpression of dSarm, supporting a model that Raw promotes the activation of dSarm in axons. However, inhibiting Fos also decreases dSarm levels in axons but has the opposite outcome of enabling Wallerian degeneration. The combined genetic data suggest that Raw, dSarm, and Fos influence each other's functions through multiple points of regulation to control the structure of synaptic terminals and the resilience of axons to degeneration.
Misdirection due to early magnetoencephalographic presentation and management in Rasmussen encephalitis: a case report
Authors: Han Jinkun , Fan Xiaotong , Chen Sichang
Published: November 2023

Rasmussen encephalitis is a rare and unexplained chronic brain hemispheric inflammatory disease. We report a case of epilepsy in which magnetoencephalography showed dipoles localized only in the operculum. Because the patient’s clinical presentation and examination findings did not meet the diagnostic criteria for Rasmussen encephalitis, he underwent cortical electroencephalogram (ECoG) record and limited resection surgery. However, the seizures were not relieved after surgery, and imaging findings showed significant features of hemisphere atrophy. This young male patient was eventually diagnosed with Rasmussen encephalitis and the seizures was completely vanished following hemispherectomy. His data can provide a reference for the early identification of this devastating disease.
Characterization of a phenotypically severe animal model for human AB-Variant GM2 gangliosidosis
Authors: Deschenes Natalie M. , Cheng Camilyn , Khanal Prem , Quinville Brianna M. , Ryckman Alex E. , Mitchell Melissa , Pshezhetsky Alexey V. , Walia Jagdeep S.
Published: November 2023

AB-Variant GM2 gangliosidosis (ABGM2) is a rare and lethal genetic disorder caused by mutations in the GM2A gene that lead to fatal accumulation of GM2 gangliosides (GM2) in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). GM2A encodes a transport protein known as GM2 activator (GM2A) protein, which is essential for degrading GM2 into their GM3 form. ABGM2 presents in infantile-, juvenile-, and adult-onset forms; of the three, the infantile-onset is the most prominent, and by far the most severe, as evidenced by high levels of GM2 accumulation, widespread neurodegeneration, and death by the age of 4. Gm2a−/− mice are commonly used as a model of ABGM2. These mice are characterized by phenotypes most representative of predicted adult-onset form of ABGM2, which include moderate GM2 accumulation and mild neurological defects. This mild phenotype has been attributed to compensation by alternative GM2 degradation pathways mediated by sialidase, neuraminidase 3 (NEU3), a pathway that is more prominent in mice than humans. To assess the extent to which NEU3 contributes to GM2 degradation, we generated double knock-out (Gm2a−/−Neu3−/−) mice. Compellingly, these mice present with a clinical phenotype resembling that of a more severe ABGM2, including ataxia, reduced mobility and coordination, weight loss, poor body scores, and lethality by 6–7 months. Furthermore, these phenotypes correlate with a dramatic increase in GM2 accumulation in the CNS compared to levels observed in either Gm2a−/− or Neu3−/− mice. Taken together, these studies, for the first-time, confirm that the mild neurological phenotype of Gm2a−/− mice is due to compensatory activity on GM2 catabolism through an alternate breakdown pathway involving NEU3. These studies support the use of double knockout mice as a novel and highly relevant model for pre-clinical drug studies in a more severe form of ABGM2.
Function of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in ocular itch transmission in the mouse trigeminal sensory system
Authors: Takanami Keiko , Kuroiwa Masaya , Ishikawa Ren , Imai Yuji , Oishi Akane , Hashino Midori , Shimoda Yasushi , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Koide Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in itchy eyes has increased constantly worldwide owing to environmental pollution. Currently, anti-allergic and antihistaminic eye drops are used; however, there are many unknown aspects about the neural circuits that transmit itchy eyes. We focused on the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and GRP receptor (GRPR), which are reportedly involved in itch transmission in the spinal somatosensory system, to determine whether the GRP system is involved in itch neurotransmission of the eyes in the trigeminal sensory system. First, the instillation of itch mediators, such as histamine (His) and non-histaminergic itch mediator chloroquine (CQ), exhibited concentration-dependent high levels of eye scratching behavior, with a significant sex differences observed in the case of His. Histological analysis revealed that His and CQ significantly increased the neural activity of GRPR-expressing neurons in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the medulla oblongata in GRPR transgenic mice. We administered a GRPR antagonist or bombesin-saporin to ablate GRPR-expressing neurons, followed by His or CQ instillation, and observed a decrease in CQ-induced eye-scratching behavior in the toxin experiments. Intracisternal administration of neuromedin C (NMC), a GRPR agonist, resulted in dose-dependent excessive facial scratching behavior, despite the absence of an itch stimulus on the face. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that non-histaminergic itchy eyes were transmitted centrally via GRPR-expressing neurons in the trigeminal sensory system, and that NMC in the medulla oblongata evoked facial itching.
Significant gender-specific difference in brain lateralization of schizophrenia patients assessed by new combined foot dominance scale
Authors: Akabalieva Katerina
Published: November 2023

Objective

Reduced hemispheric asymmetry has been identified as a potential risk factor for schizophrenia, characterized by diminished brain lateralization and a lack of dominance in the left hemisphere. Moreover, there is growing evidence of disrupted connectivity between various cortical regions. This study aimed to investigate gender differences in left-footedness as a potential biological marker for neuronal dysontogenesis in individuals with schizophrenia and control subjects.

Materials and methods

A New Combined Foot Dominance Scale (14 foot tests), comprising a Modified Chapman & Chapman Subscale (10 foot tests) and a Complex Tasks Subscale (four foot tests) was administered as performance tasks in 180 subjects [98 schizophrenia patients with mean age 34.45 years (SD = 15.67, range 23–79) for men and 42.20 years (SD = 11.38, range 21–63) for women and 82 controls with a mean age 34.70 years (SD = 16,82, range 18–79) for men and 44.50 years (SD = 10.73, range 23–67)]. As our data are not continuous and lacks normal distribution, the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test was used for comparing categorical data.

Results

The mean left-footedness, as assessed by the New Combined Foot Dominance Scale, is significantly higher in individuals with schizophrenia compared to control subjects. Our findings from inter-gender comparisons reveal that female schizophrenia patients exhibit a significantly greater average left-footedness than female control subjects, while in males no such a statistical significant difference is detected.

Conclusion

Left foot dominance is higher in patients with schizophrenia than in control subjects and women contribute significantly more to this difference.
Ideological authenticity and the dynamics of suspicion
Authors: Eibach Richard P. , Oakes Harrison
Published: November 2023

Many episodes of political repression focus on policing ideological authenticity to distinguish true believers from mere pretenders. For insight into this phenomenon, we review a model wherein concerns about ideological inauthenticity and awareness of external incentives to feign ideological allegiances function to activate a suspicious mindset that leads perceivers to selectively attend to and police inauthenticity in their ideological comrades. We review dispositional and situational factors that amplify authenticity concerns as well as cues perceivers attend to when policing authenticity.