bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La calprotectine sanguine, un nouveau biomarqueur d’inflammation ?
Authors: Chenevier-Gobeaux Camille
Published: February 2025

La calprotectine est une protéine de liaison au calcium exprimée par les polynucléaires neutrophiles afin d’activer le système immunitaire inné. Reflet de l’activation des phagocytes, elle est ainsi un biomarqueur sensible de l’inflammation et son dosage, réalisé dans les fèces pour des pathologies intestinales, est aujourd’hui appliqué au sérum et a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives d’indications diagnostiques, tout particulièrement de certaines maladies auto-immunes. Nous proposons ici une revue de l’actualité de ce nouveau biomarqueur plasmatique.
Dépistage du cancer du col utérin et vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain : les nouvelles recommandations françaises
Authors: Charpentier Charlotte , Ferré V. M.
Published: February 2025

Les modalités de dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus ont été modifiées en 2020 après un avis de la Haute Autorité de santé. Il est désormais recommandé de pratiquer, en première intention, un test décelant l’ADN des papillomavirus humains (HPV) à haut risque oncogène chez les femmes de 30 à 65 ans à partir du frottis cervico-utérin. Pour celles âgées de 25 à 30 ans, en raison de la prévalence plus élevée des infections causées par ces virus dans cette tranche d’âge, l’analyse cytologique du frottis cervico-utérin demeure l’examen de référence. Un programme national de dépistage organisé a été mis en place par les autorités sanitaires afin d’augmenter son accessibilité à toutes les femmes et ainsi de hausser son taux de couverture. Par ailleurs, les recommandations françaises de vaccination anti-HPV ont été étendues à tous les garçons de 11 à 14 ans, avec un rattrapage possible pour ceux âgés de 15 à 19 ans. L’objectif est de rendre « universelle » cette vaccination et d’accroître le taux de couverture vaccinale qui est encore très bas en France.
Réalisation et interprétation des examens cytologiques des liquides biologiques de l’organisme
Authors: Arbab A. , Lesesve J.-F. , Boiret-Dupré N. , Brouzes C. , Charpentier A. , Chevalier C. , Mauduit Laurence , Debord C. , Dussert P. , Eischen A. , Arppe Tiina , Gérard D. , Girard S. , Goustille J. , E. Cohen Frederick , Leymarie V. , Rault É. , Rieu J.-B. , Russello J. , Bottoms Anthony , Bordet P.
Published: February 2025

L’examen des liquides biologiques est un processus complexe, multidisciplinaire, conduisant régulièrement à l’observation de cellules non hématologiques. Il doit être effectué dans un délai rapide et recourt de plus en plus à des techniques automatisées de comptage des cellules, même si l’identification cellulaire par microscopie optique après coloration de May-Grünwald Giemsa reste le gold standard . Il est pratiqué dans la plupart des laboratoires d’hématologie dont l’activité est conséquente, mais aussi dans des centres plus polyvalents, et dépend beaucoup des habitudes locales du fait de son caractère transversal (analyse partagée avec les laboratoires de biochimie, bactériologie, histologie…). Une enquête ouverte du Groupe Francophone d’Hématologie Cellulaire (GFHC) a été réalisée en 2021 et avait pour objectif de réaliser un panorama de cette activité hétérogène suivant les centres et de proposer des recommandations dans le but d’homogénéiser les pratiques : connaissance et maîtrise des étapes pré-analytiques, gestion des circuits des échantillons, partage des expériences de numération cellulaire automatisée et d’examen microscopique des frottis, propositions d’échanges avec les autres acteurs, etc. Une réflexion concernant l’accréditation en l’absence de contrôle de qualité externe disponible était envisagée, de même que la mise en place d’une formation pratique à la lecture microscopique pour ces analyses. Ce texte constitue un document de synthèse des discussions entre les participants.
Exploratory sequential design for creation of the Miao’s traditional patterns mobile application
Authors: Qiao Shubei , Abdramanov Yerbol
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to define a data set for the design of an app that would show Miao’s traditional patterns. At the preliminary stage, the study traced the socio-cultural transformation that the Miao people went through, and which was reflected in their traditional patterns. In the first stage of the study, an Internet survey was conducted on the international tourism platform among the population of all continents. The survey confirmed the existence of a public request for content related to Miao’s traditional patterns. The survey also determined the required information sources and approaches to training. Further, the desired content was prepared and coordinated with the help of experts in the field of Miao cultural heritage. At the final stage, usability, design, and content issues for the future mobile application were discussed during an interview with experts in the field of digital representation of artefacts.
Élaboration collaborative d'un dispositif d’enseignement sur l’aménagement des cours d'eau en géographie et éducation à la durabilité (Suisse)
Authors: Gavin Anne-Sophie , Pache Alain , Milano Marianne , Reynard Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

La géographie scolaire a le potentiel de former les élèves à réfléchir aux interdépendances complexes entre nos sociétés et l’environnement et à leur capacité à agir en tant que citoyen·nes dans des projets d’aménagement du territoire. Dans cette perspective, la thématique de l’aménagement des cours d’eau a été choisie pour créer de manière collaborative un dispositif d’enseignement basé sur la mobilisation de savoirs multiples. Cet article a pour objectif de rendre visibles les savoirs et les processus qui ont abouti à la création de ce dispositif. Dans une approche transdisciplinaire, nous avons mené des entretiens avec des expert·es de l’aménagement des cours d’eau et de didactique, ainsi que des séances de travail avec des enseignant·es de géographie. Les résultats ont montré l’émergence de différents types de savoirs en géographie (académiques, d’expert·es, vernaculaires), en didactique et en pédagogie. La chercheuse a joué un rôle de médiatrice de ces savoirs au sein de ce processus afin de favoriser la création d’un dispositif innovant sur l’aménagement des cours d’eau en géographie dans une perspective d’éducation à la durabilité.
Technology Facilitated Sexual Violence in Adolescence
Authors: Gkantona Georgia , Ntagkas Fotios
Published: February 2025

The following chapter explores technology facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) among adolescents with a particular focus on its conceptualization, prevalence, impact, and coping strategies. Various forms of TFSV are discussed, including online sexual harassment (OSH), image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), sexual aggression and coercion (SAC), and harassment based on gender and sexuality (HBGS). The gendered nature of TFSV is highlighted, with girls being more vulnerable to victimization and boys more likely to perpetrate. It also analyzes the detrimental effects of TFSV on adolescents' mental health, well-being, social and academic functioning. Additionally, the chapter draws attention to the challenges of identifying and researching TFSV due to underreporting and the evolving nature of technology. It concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies to address this pervasive and serious social phenomenon.
Alice and the Risky Wonderland
Authors: Mavrogianni Aristea , Vasilaki Eleni
Published: February 2025

The authors designed pedagogical agents with dual roles to be integrated into the Geo-Histor learning environment: preventing risky behavior and promoting reading strategies aimed at improving adolescent students' metacognitive awareness. In order to reduce risky behaviors, they have incorporated the use of pedagogical agents that are deemed to be appropriate for the learning environment. To inform their design, they considered the latest research on agent anthropomorphism and voices. The preferences of 53 10th graders who participated in the preliminary study were considered in the initial design phase. During the main research project, comparisons were made between the experimental group using the interactive learning environment and the control group. The use of pedagogical agents during the interactive intervention resulted in the students' focus on the academic material and not on useless internet wandering. There was an increase in comprehensive knowledge of history, distance from parroting, deeper understanding, and consolidation of the material, followed by an increase in performance.
AI powered Conservation Transforming Habitat Management for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Yambal Sucheta , Waykar Yashwant Arjunrao
Published: February 2025

Data science and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing habitat management and biodiversity conservation by providing creative answers for a sustainable future. This study examines the ways in which AI technologies—such as machine learning, predictive modeling, and real-time data processing—are improving our capacity to observe, forecast, and safeguard ecosystems. AI-driven technologies make it possible to thoroughly analyze vast and varied datasets, including species records and climatic data, which improves conservation tactics and facilitates better decision-making. AI aids in the creation of efficient management strategies and early environmental danger detection systems by combining several data sources and using sophisticated analytical techniques. Along with addressing important issues like data quality and ethical implications, the report also outlines potential future paths for using AI in conservation. The ongoing developments in data science and AI have great potential to solve new environmental issues and protect biodiversity for coming generations.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Ruiz-Vanoye Jorge A. , Díaz-Parra Ocotlán , Ramos-Fernandez Julio C. , Xicoténcatl-Pérez Juan M. , Aguilar-Ortiz Jaime , Marroquín-Gutiérrez Francisco , Salgado Ramírez Julio César
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines how these disciplines are transforming agriculture through the implementation of advanced techniques that enable farmers to address complex challenges and improve their operations. Artificial Intelligence offers solutions that automate and optimise agricultural processes, from planting to harvesting, facilitating data-driven decision-making and improving accuracy in crop management. On the other hand, Data Science provides advanced analytical tools that allow the extraction of valuable insights from large volumes of agricultural data. By analysing data from various sources, such as in-field sensors and monitoring systems, farmers can gain a deeper understanding of their operations and make informed decisions that optimise resource use and mitigate climatic and operational risks. By reducing excessive use of water, fertilisers and pesticides, and minimising waste, these advanced technologies play a crucial role in protecting ecosystems and mitigating climate change.
Analysis of Social Networks as a Marketing Tool in Universities in the UAE Context
Authors: Pérez-Bonaventura Marc , Dafri Wided , Kamel Ahmed Mostafa , Kabha Robin
Published: February 2025

In this article the authors explored social networks as a marketing tool for higher education institutions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They studied Facebook and Twitter (now X) profiles of 14 universities and analyzed their presence, activity, and engagement over 2 months. Their objective was to discover the best strategies, and the key factors influencing social media success and student enrollment of universities. Results revealed significant variability, with few universities excelling across all metrics on both platforms, while many focus mainly on one site. The study identified leading universities and ways to improve social media outcomes. Correlational analysis shows possible ways for universities to enhance their success on social media by finding positive relationships between publications and engagement, followers and engagement, and publications and student enrollment in both social media. The correlational analysis also links higher university rankings based on academic success with better Twitter performance. Finally, the multiple regression models developed explain the student's enrollment based on the independent variables studied.
Diferentes práticas pedagógicas utilizadas na Educação Permanente em Saúde: percepção dos participantes
Authors: Zorzan de Paula Rosa Maria , Gonçalves dos Santos Eliane
Published: February 2025

A Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) é um processo de aprendizagem e uma possibilidade de gerar reflexão e mudanças de direção em ambientes que o cuidado ao paciente é vital. Pesquisa qualitativa em Educação, com objetivo de identificar as percepções dos profissionais de saúde sobre as práticas pedagógicas de EPS realizadas durante processo formativo. Participaram a pesquisadora e 30 sujeitos, entre técnicos de enfermagem, coordenadores e integrantes da equipe. Foram propostas três oficinas: Lesão por Pressão, Parada Cardiorrespiratória e Comunicação de Más Notí­cias. As atividades foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas pela Análise de Conteúdo. As práticas obtiveram boa assertividade junto aos envolvidos, os quais relataram que as vivências proporcionaram melhor compreensão dos processos. O diálogo e a reflexão durante e após cada atividade são destaque, além, do comprometimento e engajamento dos profissionais. A ampliação de atividades práticas de EPS para as demais unidades do hospital são sugestões para trabalhos futuros.
Ayurvedic Management of Vulval Pruritic Dermatitis with Medicinal Leech Therapy, i.e., Jalaukavacharanam
Authors: Gupta Arun
Published: February 2025

Vulval pruritus is accompanied by pathological skin changes that adversely affect the quality of life among women. Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is one of the common causes of vulval pruritus among menopausal women. With conventional therapeutic approaches, it is difficult to treat the condition and the treatment is also not cost effective for the patient. Treatment of vulval pruritus often requires to be taken for a long duration which may lead to the emergence of side effects of various conventional medicines. Medicinal leech therapy is one of the oldest techniques to relieve chronic inflammation, enhancing the vascular perfusion of tissue and leading to tissue repair. In classical texts of Ayurveda, Jalaukavacharanam is also an effective treatment modality in treating Kandu, i.e. pruritus. Jalaukavacharanam, medicinal leech therapy, is a safe and effective treatment modality for the treatment of vulval pruritus dermatitis and conditions like LSC causing intense pruritus vulvae with special reference to its Kitibha-like appearance. A postmenopausal woman when treated with this modality showed visible results without the use of any conventional treatment.
Literary and Conceptual Analysis of Dwividhopakramaneeya Adhyaya of Ashtang Sangraha and Ashtang Hridaya
Authors: Joglekar Aishwarya Ashish , Vyas Mahesh , Bhojani Meera K.
Published: February 2025

Dwividhopakramaneeya Adhyaya is a specialty of Acharya Vagbhatt being a part of both the treatises Ashtang Hridaya and Ashtang Sangraha. It paves the way for the understanding of treatment protocol for any disease. In the present study, the analysis of the chapter considers the different technical, literary, and grammatical aspects that can help widen the knowledge base. The detailed analysis of a chapter can be useful in better understanding other chapters in the texts. The objective of this article is to analyze the Dwividhopakramaneeya Adhyaya mentioned in the A. H and A. S. texts in light of conceptual and critical domains. The analysis and discussion are done considering the domains of the grammatical aspects of chapter etymology, authorship, position, number of verses mentioned in both A. H. and A. S, type of Sutra, Chanda, Samaasa, Vibhakti in the Adhyaya, analysis of chapter based on the literary tools Tantrayukti (Arthashraya, Vyakhya, Tacchilya, Upama, Nyaya), technical Ayurveda terms (Ashtavidha Prashna, Dasha Prakarana, Adhyayana-Adhyapan-Tadvidya Sambhasha, Pada-Paada-Shloka, Vakyasha-Vakyarthasha-Artha-Avayavasha) along with navigating the different concepts mentioned in Adhyaya such as Trisutra, Pramana, and Siddhant. It can be concluded that Adhyaya is pivotal for understanding all the diseases and treatment modalities as per Ayurveda. The methodology adopted to analyze the Adhyaya can be beneficial to understand the different aspects of the text as a whole. The present article can aid in learning and understanding of other Adhyaya in Ayurveda texts thus opening future areas of research to establish and assess the fundamental principles of Ayurveda.
Ayurvedic Dosage Forms: Pressing Priorities and Challenges therein with Respect to Solid and Semisolid Oral Dosage Forms
Authors: Badyal Sakshi , Dang Poonam , Dhawan Puneet , Tiwari Himanshu Shekhar
Published: February 2025

Continuous improvements in elevating traditional dosage forms to increase therapeutic efficacy, to enable patient-centric approaches, and to improve patient compliance are becoming more rational with advancements in technology and an advanced vision to address the existing concerns. Oral dosage forms are well known and still the preferred choice of drug administration methods due to their convenience and cost-effectiveness. Hence, newer areas are explored to modify the preexisting traditional as well as present-day dosage forms to encounter the changing market needs. Search engines and databases were screened thoroughly for all the related published matter. The data were properly assessed, analyzed, and then presented in the paper. Many emerging dosage forms have potential to provide as an alternate to the present drug forms. These have multiple added benefits like better palatability, increased stability, enhanced absorption, and improved bioavailability in a presentable and attractive form. Evolution of traditional dosage forms is the absolute necessity keeping its multidimensional benefits in view. Patient-centric approach along with the fundamentals of Ayurveda pharmaceutics should be the guiding tool in developing new dosage forms.
Role of Ayurveda in the Management of Sarcoidosis: A Case Study
Authors: Ananyalakshmi E. , Sowmyashree U. P. , Krishna G. Gopala
Published: February 2025

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder that is one of the interstitial lung diseases characterized by granulomatous inflammation of organs, commonly, the lungs. The condition manifests with unknown origin and various pathologies. Several conventional managements such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-fibrotic agents are under practice but not very comprehensive and the most bothersome side effects include weight gain, fluid retention, high blood pressure, depression, confusion, etc., Hence, it requires an effective treatment, by understanding the root cause of the disease, managing the condition, and improving the quality of life of the patients. A 52-year-old female, diagnosed case of sarcoidosis of the lung, approached Kayachikita outpatient department, with chief complaints of dry cough for 3 years and generalized weakness and headache for 1 year. The case was analyzed in terms of Vataja Kasa due to various similarities and managed with Sadyovirechana, Basti, and various Shamanoushadhis along with proper diet.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) membranous and cytoplasmic overexpression on immunohistochemistry: An additional prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Singh Guddi Rani , Azad Shabana , Singh Tulika , Kumar Manish , Sunny Kumari , Sanehi Divya , Haldar Debaditya
Published: February 2025

Background:

Oral carcinoma is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among Indian men. We conducted this study to find out any association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression by immunohistochemical methods with histopathological prognostic parameters like pathological tumor (pT) staging, tumor grade, lymph nodal involvement, extranodal extension (ENE), perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI).

Materials and Methods:

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Pathology Department of our institute between December 2021 and November 2022, and a total of 113 confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were included in our study. Clinicopathological parameters were recorded, and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated in these patients. The association of EGFR overexpression and the different histopathological parameters according to the College of American Pathologists (CAP) protocol was determined.

Results:

Out of 113 cases, 52 cases (46%) were positive for EGFR overexpression on immunohistochemistry. Significant association of EGFR overexpression was noted with pT stage, nodal status N0 versus N1–N2, ENE, PNI, LVI, and WPOI, with P value <0.05. No significant association was noted with tumor grade and nodal status N0–N1 versus N2–N3.

Conclusion:

EGFR overexpression can be used as a prognostic marker in addition to histopathological parameters. One can opt for wedge resection in place of extensive surgery if small punch biopsies show EGFR negativity and radiology shows uninvolved lymph nodes. In addition, in EGFR-positive OSCC cases, targeted therapy could be opted to avoid chemotherapy-related toxicity and increase patient survival.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults: An Underrecognized Evil
Authors: Tyagi Rahul , Suyal Utkarsh , Kishore Kislay , Pandey Indramani , Chopra Manu , Bhalla Gurpreet , Yadav Aseem , Chakrabarti Ritwik , Sharma Praveen Kumar
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a well-known pathogen in infants but less recognized as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in older adults. However, RSV remains underdiagnosed in this population due to nonspecific symptoms and low clinical suspicion. This study analyses the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of RSV infection in adults at a tertiary respiratory care centre in Western India.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary respiratory care centre in Western India, focusing on adult patients hospitalized with LRTI from June to September 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 29 patients and tested for respiratory viruses using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Records of patients who had tested positive for RSV were reviewed and comprehensive clinical data, chest X-ray, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and laboratory parameters were recorded . Data on RSV prevalence among patients who underwent PCR for diagnosis of LRTI , their demographics, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were analysed. Ethical approval was obtained, and patient confidentiality was maintained. Statistical analysis was performed to assess associations between variables.

Results:

Of the 29 patients, 11 (37.9%) tested positive for RSV, with most aged 51–75 years. Common symptoms included breathlessness (100%), cough (72.72%), and fever (54.54%). Most patients required oxygen support, with an average hospital stay of 15.9 days. Radiological findings varied and often did not correlate with clinical severity. Treatment involved supportive care, including oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids. No fatalities were reported among RSV-positive patients. Discussion: RSV is a significant but under recognized cause of LRTI in older adults. Despite nonspecific symptoms and inconsistent radiological findings. Increased clinical awareness and early diagnostic efforts are essential, particularly for older adults with chronic respiratory conditions.

Conclusion:

This study shows high prevalence of RSV in adults with LRTI and highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management. Enhanced clinical awareness among physicians could significantly improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary polypharmacy among these patients.
Improving the Accuracy of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Using Artificial Landmarks in Preoperative CT: A Technical Note
Authors: Darbari Shaurya , Tandon Vivek , Garg Kanwaljeet , Gurjar Hitesh K , Singh Manmohan , Chandra Poodipedi Sarat
Published: February 2025

Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) are one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. Inaccurate shunt placements negatively impact shunt failure rates and revision rates. Although historical landmarks are the mainstay to determine the shunt entry point and trajectory, they are all based on the accurate determination of inion on the occipital bone for posterior shunt placements. In cases where the inion cannot be reliably palpated, it is a challenge to plan the shunt trajectory, especially in resource-limited institutions where image guidance is not available. This can be circumvented by using artificial anatomical landmarks such as fiducials or previous burr holes on a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan to serve as an anatomical base point, from which the shunt entry point and trajectory be reliably planned preoperatively.
Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis – Long Term Clinical Course and Treatment Response
Authors: Raghavendra Seetharam , Ramachandran Jaychandran , Nooraine Javeria , Dharmanand Balebail G , Jois Ramesh , Iyer Rajesh B
Published: February 2025

Background:

Primary CNS Vasculitis (PCNSV) is an uncommon inflammatory condition selectively affecting blood vessels of the central nervous system and has diagnostic difficulties. Long term treatment outcomes are unclear.

Objective:

To elucidate the clinical progression and long-term outcomes of patients with biopsy proven PCNSV.

Methods and Material:

Clinical data of eight consecutive patients with PCNSV established by meningocortical biopsy were reviewed. Patients had undergone extensive evaluation for secondary causes.

Results:

The average age at presentation was 33.5 years (25 to 47 years). Three were females. The average follow-up period was 65 months (24 to 108 months). Clinical presentation included acute or subacute focal neurological deficits, seizures, headache and cognitive decline. MRI findings consisted of multifocal gray and white matter signal changes with microhaemorrhages. On contrast multifocal areas of enhancement affecting gray matter, white matter, vessel wall, dura and leptomeningeal areas were observed. Diagnostic yield of DSA was poor. Histopathology showed granulomatous angiitis in six and lymphocytic angiitis in two. Treatment protocols followed were similar for all patients: initial induction with intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, followed by maintenance immunosuppressants (with or without oral steroids). Disease control was reflected by significant improvement on MRI. Multiple clinical relapses occurred over the years (13 relapses, 0 to 4 per patient). Serial MRI studies helped detect subclinical disease activity. Treatment escalation aimed at achieving “no evidence of disease activity” helped in better disease control and remission in patients with active disease. Rituximab was useful in select cases to control disease activity and as rescue therapy (n = 3). Mean MRS score at last follow up was 0 or 1 (unchanged from baseline). Treatment complications included infections and avascular necrosis of hip (n = 1). One patient died due to severe COVID-19 pneumonitis.

Conclusion:

PCNSV has varied clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges. Immunosuppressive therapy is necessary and is effective but with associated risks. Histopathological confirmation helps to prognosticate and initiate early aggressive treatment for better results. Close clinico-radiological follow up and long-term immunotherapy to ensure disease remission can help manage these patients successfully.
Growth of indeterminate choroidal melanocytic tumors: Time to malignant transformation
Authors: Oakey Zackery , Yeşiltaş Yağmur Seda , Zabor Emily C. , Singh Arun D.
Published: February 2025

Indeterminate choroidal melanocytic tumors may exhibit growth under observation, but the clinical significance of early versus late growth remains unclear. In this review we aim to explore the temporal profile of growth to detect benign and malignant subsets. There was no specific set of tumor dimensions or characteristics applied for exclusion or inclusion except that all included tumors had to be described as indeterminate or suspicious nevus and observed for growth by the authors. Nine published studies (1977–2021) that included 8766 patients were reviewed. The primary outcomes were time to event (growth) and its correlation with the growth rate of small choroidal melanoma. The studies were largely retrospective and had differing inclusion criteria: largest basal diameter of 7.5–24 mm (mean, 14.83 mm) and maximum height of 2–6.7 mm (mean, 4.19 mm). Most defined growth by a change in height of >0.3 mm or base of >0.5. Among 8606 tumors followed, 478 (5.6%) showed growth over 5 years, with growth rates in individual studies ranging from 2% to 55% (mean: 19.0%). The highest event rate occurred in the 1st year (range: 0.7%–15%; mean: 6.5%), stabilizing to 0%–5% (mean: 1.5%) by year 5. The majority (range: 52%–83%; mean: 67%) were observed to grow in the initial 2 years (early growth). Over subsequent years (late growth), the proportion of growing tumors reduced and stabilized by years 4 and 5 to a mean of 6.1% and 8.3%, respectively. Time-to-event analysis indicates the heterogeneity of IMTs. Tumors growing in the first 2 years (early growth) may be melanoma in the evolution and their characteristics previously identified as the risk factors for growth may be interpreted as the factors predictive or diagnostic of small choroidal melanoma. In contrast, tumors demonstrating growth in subsequent years (late growth), after documented stability, may represent malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus.
Innovative Design and Validation of Tandem Quadrant Assembly in Tractors
Authors: K Bheshma , Phadtare Yogesh , Gomes Maxson , V Ashok Kumar , Perumal Solairaj , Magendran G
Published: February 2025

The Tractor is essential in both agriculture and construction, equipped with a variety of implements for different operational conditions. Its hydraulic system is crucial for controlling these implements during fieldwork and transport. The quadrant assembly is a key part of the tractor’s hydraulic control system, allowing the operator to manage important functions. This includes hydraulic control and draft control, enabling the farmer or operator to use the PC and DC levers to adjust the movement of implements during various tasks.

Tractors are commonly used in fields and farms where the soil can be loose and muddy, particularly during wet puddling operations. In these muddy conditions, tractors can accumulate mud in critical components, such as the quadrant assembly. This can lead to functional issues, increased friction, and problems within the hydraulic system, especially affecting the controls for hydraulics and lever shifting for implement handling. As a result, operators may need to exert more manual effort to operate the lever due to the added frictional forces.

This paper addresses the challenges encountered with the current quadrant design and presents an innovative solution to resolve these issues. The existing quadrant assembly consists of a PC tube and DC shaft mounted on the same axis, while the proposed design utilizes a tandem or split shaft arrangement. This new configuration minimizes relative motion between moving linkage parts and facilitates easier maintenance access. Virtual simulations using CAE tools were conducted to validate the new design’s components, and multiple design iterations were performed to meet durability standards. Ultimately, the final innovative tandem quadrant assembly design has been filed for an Indian patent grant. This approach can be applied to all tractor quadrant assemblies to achieve optimal designs that reduce manual effort and improve the system’s mechanical advantage.
Comprehensive Analysis of Different Space Vector PWM Techniques for the Speed Control of Two-Level Traction Inverter
Authors: Nair Meenu Divakaran , Durai Saranya
Published: February 2025

The popular methods to generate PWM (Pulse width modulation) are triangle comparison method and space vector method. The work evaluates the performance of continuous and discontinuous space vector pulse width modulation techniques based on the switching losses and harmonic distortion. The flexibility in the placement of null vectors and active vectors gives generality in SVPWM (Space Vector PWM) techniques. Continuous SVPWM employs the conventional switching sequences which are equally divided the null vectors and active vectors. Discontinuous PWM are derived based on the different combinations of null and active switching vectors. The discontinuous PWM techniques clamps each phase for either 300 or 600 in each half cycle. Majority of the discontinuous SVPWM uses any one of the null vectors and effectively to reduce the average switching loss in a cycle and the total harmonic distortion.The study brings out the optimum SVPWM sequences for the control of PMSM(PERMENANT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE). Influence of the switching sequences on the line current distortion is investigated. The performance of inverter based on switching loss and harmonic distortion are studied based on the switching frequency of the inverter over the linear modulation range. The results are analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Enhancing Solar Still Productivity with Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles and Phase Change Materials
Authors: R L Krupakaran , Sagaya Raj Gnana , Petla Ratna Kamala , Kala Lakshmi K , Anchupogu Praveen
Published: February 2025

The present study is focused on the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and Al2O3 nanoparticles into solar stills presents a promising approach to enhance their efficiency. This paper explores the design and performance analysis of a solar still system incorporating PCMs and Al2O3 nanoparticles with different concentration like 200ppm and 400ppm. The primary goal is to investigate the impact of these enhancements on the solar still’s productivity and thermal efficiency.The Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the aluminum oxide particles. In this study, Aluminum oxide nanoparticles were employed as thermal conductivity materials, while TN+30 were utilized as a phase change material. After taking about 25 (liters) of water, it was discovered that 1 cm was the ideal depth. Compared to PCM, the energy materials TN+30 and Al2O3 increased collection efficiency with 200 ppm and 400 ppm of 21.65% and 32.97%, respectively.
Effect of Hardening and Tempering Temperatures on the Mechanical Behavior of Alloy Steel
Authors: Murugesan Venkatasudhahar , Ganesan Dharmalingam , Tarigonda Hariprasad
Published: February 2025

Alloy steel possesses high strength, hardenability, fatigue strength, and good impact toughness. It is widely used for making various machine parts, automobile components, shafts, gears, connecting rods, and more. Hardening and tempering develop the optimum combination of hardness, strength, and toughness in engineering steel, thereby providing components with high mechanical properties. Hardening and tempering temperatures are crucial factors that affect the mechanical and metallurgical properties of 42Cr4Mo steel. In this research work, 42Cr4Mo alloy steel samples were subjected to hardening and tempering processes. The hardening temperatures were set at 830°C, 850°C, and 870°C, while the tempering temperatures were maintained at 590°C and 650°C. The test results show that hardening at 830°C and tempering at 590°C achieve high tensile strength, which decreases as the temperature increases. Different hardening temperatures and constant tempering temperatures will be optimized to achieve the desired hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, impact resistance, and metallurgical properties. These parameters significantly contribute to determining the appropriate.
Study of Mechanical, Barrier and Tribological Behaviour of Jute & Glass Fiber Epoxy Hybrid Polymer
Authors: J Chandradass , T Thirugnanasambandham , M Amutha Surabi , P Baskara Sethupathi , Rajendran R , Murugadoss Palanivendhan
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of natural available material into synthetic materials to form a fiber within a single polymer matrix has been ignited since environment concerns become crucial nowadays. Composite materials embedded with two or more types of fibers makes a composite as hybrid. The study of hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers brings out superior mechanical and tribological properties. In our present studies, fabrication of jute & glass fiber reinforced epoxy-based polymer hybrid composites were carried out using resin infusion technique. For comparing the various properties, the composite made of pure jute fiber i.e 100% jute, pure glass fiber i.e 100% glass, the hybrid composite containing 75% jute and 25% glass fiber, 50% jute and 50% glass fiber, and 25% jute and 75% glass fiber were made and its functional behaviors were studied. The results revealed the hybrid composite containing 25% jute and 75% glass fiber possessed maximum tensile strength of 292±5.8 MPa, flexural strength of 188.3±3.7 MPa, impact strength of 130±2.6 kJ/m2, storage modulus of 17050MPa, loss modulus of 2883MPa, and minimum moisture absorption and wear loss. As compared with the obtained values of composite containing pure jute fiber, tensile strength was increased by 346%, flexural strength increased by 278%, impact strength increased by 227%, hardness increased by 184%, storage modulus increased by 431%, loss modulus increased by 454%, moisture absorption decreased by 88% and wear loss decreased by 100% . Thus prepared hybrid composites, could be employed in different automobile components such as panels, fenders, engine components, brake pad materials, bonnets and heat shields.
Matt Finish– Emerging Trend in Automotive Sector for Visual Application
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Lalwani Rahul , Jayanthan B
Published: February 2025

Exterior paint look is one the important tie braker on vehicle aesthetic appeal when compared with equal contenders. Time to time, globally new trend emerges to make the vehicle look attractive, one of the technologies is matt finish. To adapt with changing trends, current Indian market trend is moving from glossy finish paint to Matte finish paint by low gloss and attractive texture characteristics, which can provide soft light and pleasant feel. Matt finish helps to enhance the shape and features of the painted surface, feature lines clarity and enhanced visual appeal with absorption of light rather than reflection by glossy finish.

Any new technology comes with challenges and limitations compared to traditional approach of vehicle painting and handling in field. In this paper, we have discussed on development of matt finish paint for automotive sector as per OEM manufacturing setup, definition of gloss for matt finish, quantification method, classification of gloss, mechanism, method, as well as the factors that affect the gloss of films.

Finally, acceptance criteria for all the tests are defined as per Automotive standards. Also, explicitly defines the technical requirements and Robust technical evaluation methodologies of various automotive short- and long-term tests. All the performance results were compared for screening of product and to meet the first-time right implementation target.
Taguchi-Grey Hybrid Method for Enhanced Advanced Machining of Cupronickel Alloys
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , C Navya , Somsole Lakshmi Narayana , Silambarasan R
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, independent of their level of hardness. With the growing demand for superior products and the increasing necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing industry becomes increasingly complex. The primary objective of this work is to concentrate on Cupronickel and suggest the creation of predictive models through the utilization of a Taguchi-grey technique for the purpose of multi-objective optimization in ECM. The trials follow Taguchi’s principles and utilize a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) technique to maximize numerous performance indicators concurrently. This involves optimizing the pace at which material is removed while decreasing the roughness of the surface and obtaining precise geometric tolerances. ANOVA is a statistical method used to determine the importance of process factors that influence these measurements. The suggested predictive technique for Cupronickel is superior to existing models in terms of flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy, providing improved capabilities for monitoring and control. Furthermore, the study investigates the potential uses of Cupronickel in the automotive industry, highlighting its importance in sectors that demand durable materials in corrosive settings. The experimental validation confirms a robust association between the anticipated results and the actual performance, thereby confirming the efficacy of the suggested approach.
Predictive Grey-ANFIS Model for High-Precision Machining of Nimonic Alloy in Automobiles
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , C Navya , Kiruthika Jothi , Silambarasan R
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to create an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for the Electrochemical Machining (ECM) process using Nimonic Alloy material, with a specific focus on several performance aspects. The optimization strategy utilizes the combination of the Taguchi method and ANFIS integration. Nimonic Alloy is widely employed in the aerospace, nuclear, marine, and car sectors, especially in situations that are susceptible to corrosion. The experimental trials are designed according to Taguchi's method and involve three machining variables: feed rate, electrolyte flow rate, and electrolyte concentration. This study investigates performance indicators, such as the rate at which material is removed, the roughness of the surface, and geometric characteristics, including overcut, shape, and tolerance for orientation. Based on the analysis, it has been determined that the feed rate is the main component that influences the intended performance criteria. In order to improve the precision of forecasts, numerous regression models are created and performance indicators are formulated. A validation test was performed to affirm the results achieved through the use of the ANFIS methodology. The test findings indicate that the proposed strategy surpasses previous methodologies to a significant degree.
Advanced Parameter Forecasting for Titanium Grade 19 Machining in Automotive Applications
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Ramesh Naik Mude , Silambarasan R , D Palanisamy
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a remarkably effective technique for producing detailed designs in materials that can conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. As the desire for high-quality products and the necessity for rapid design changes grow, decision-making in the industrial sector becomes increasingly intricate. This work focuses on Titanium Grade 19 and proposes the development of prediction models using regression analysis to estimate performance measurements in ECM. The experiments are designed using Taguchi's methodology, employing a multiple regression approach to produce mathematical equations. The Taguchi technique is utilized for the purpose of single-objective optimization in order to determine the optimal combination of process parameters that will optimize the rate at which material is removed. ANOVA is a statistical method used to assess the relevance of process factors that impact performance indicators. The suggested prediction technique for Titanium Grade 19 exhibits higher flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy in comparison to existing models, providing improved monitoring capabilities. The validated models demonstrate a robust link between empirical data and expected outcomes. This study investigates the possible uses of Titanium Grade 19 in the automotive sector, with a focus on its significance in industries that demand robust materials for demanding environments.
Finite Element Fatigue Life Prediction and Test Correlation for Seam Welded Joints in Sheet Metal Assemblies
Authors: Kumar Arun , Pandey Manoj Kumar , Thirugnanam Vivekanndan , Mani Suresh , Redkar Dinesh
Published: February 2025

Tractors, as agricultural machines consisting of various interconnected assemblies, work in unison to perform specific functions and achieve desired outputs. Among these assemblies, the Hood Assembly, Firewall Assembly, Scuttle Assembly, Fuel Tank Assembly, Fender Assembly, Floor Panel Assembly, and Footstep Assembly are all produced through sheet metal fabrication. The components of these assembly are made from sheet metal and are joined together using various techniques, such as bolts, welds, and others.

The inherent characteristics of welding processes generally results in welded joints having lower fatigue strength compared to the individual parts being joined. Moreover, welds are commonly applied at geometric features or areas where the section changes within a structure. As a result, even in a structurally sound design, welded joints are often more vulnerable to fatigue failure. Hence, a comprehensive assessment of the durability of a welded structure requires placing considerable emphasis on a thorough fatigue evaluation of the welded joints.

Since industrialization, extensive research has been conducted on fatigue analysis of welded joints, leading to the development of various standards. Widely used standards in the industry include Eurocode 3, BS7608,among others.

In this paper, British Standard BS7608 and "Volvo Method," which are widely used for fatigue life prediction of thin sheet metal welded components are discussed. BS7608, which is based on the structural hot spot stress approach, determines stress by extrapolating it from the components to the weld toe, while excluding stresses from areas close enough to the weld toe that could be affected by the weld toe geometry. The "Volvo Method," developed at Chalmers University in collaboration with Volvo Car Corporation, calculates structural stresses at the weld toe using finite element-based nodal forces and moments along the weld line, along with an analytical expression for the stress at the weld toe. The fatigue life of welds in tractor sheet-metal assemblies is predicted using both methods. Testing of the assemblies is conducted in an NABL-accredited laboratory. A strong correlation between the predicted fatigue life and the results from laboratory testing is established and presented in this paper.