bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic MemoryviaConcordant DNA Methylation is Inversely Correlated to Developmental Potential of Mammalian Cells
Authors: Choi Minseung , Genereux Diane P. , Goodson Jamie , Al-Azzawi Haneen , Allain Shannon Q. , Simon Noah , Palasek Stan , Ware Carol B. , Cavanaugh Chris , Miller Daniel G. , Johnson Winslow C. , Sinclair Kevin D. , Stöger Reinhard , Laird Charles D.
Published: September 2016

In storing and transmitting epigenetic information, organisms must balance the need to maintain information about past conditions with the capacity to respond to information in their current and future environments. Some of this information is encoded by DNA methylation, which can be transmitted with variable fidelity from parent to daughter strand. High fidelity confers strong pattern matching between the strands of individual DNA molecules and thus pattern stability over rounds of DNA replication; lower fidelity confers reduced pattern matching, and thus greater flexibility. • Here, we present a new conceptual framework, Ratio of Concordance Preference (RCP), that uses double-stranded methylation data to quantify the flexibility and stability of the system that gave rise to a given set of patterns. • We find that differentiated mammalian cells operate with high DNA methylation stability, consistent with earlier reports. Stem cells in culture and in embryos, in contrast, operate with reduced, albeit significant, methylation stability. We conclude that preference for concordant DNA methylation is a consistent mode of information transfer, and thus provides epigenetic stability across cell divisions, even in stem cells and those undergoing developmental transitions. Broader application of our RCP framework will permit comparison of epigenetic-information systems across cells, developmental stages, and organisms whose methylation machineries differ substantially or are not yet well understood.
Integrating gene expression with summary association statistics to identify susceptibility genes for 30 complex traits
Authors: Mancuso Nicholas , Shi Huwenbo , Goddard Pagé , Kichaev Gleb , Gusev Alexander , Pasaniuc Bogdan
Published: September 2016

Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of risk loci for many complex traits and diseases, the causal variants and genes at these loci remain largely unknown. We leverage recently introduced methods to integrate gene expression measurements from 45 expression panels with summary GWAS data to perform 30 transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs). We identify 1,196 susceptibility genes whose expression is associated with these traits; of these, 168 reside more than 0.5Mb away from any previously reported GWAS significant variant, thus providing new risk loci. Second, we find 43 pairs of traits with significant genetic correlation at the level of predicted expression; of these, 8 are not found through genetic correlation at the SNP level. Third, we use bi-directional regression to find evidence for BMI causally influencing triglyceride levels, and triglyceride levels causally influencing LDL. Taken together, our results provide insights into the role of expression to susceptibility of complex traits and diseases.
The House Fly Y Chromosome is Young and Minimally Differentiated from its Ancient X Chromosome Partner
Authors: Meisel Richard P. , Gonzales Christopher A. , Luu Hoang
Published: September 2016

Canonical ancient sex chromosome pairs consist of a gene rich X (or Z) chromosome and a male- (or female-) limited Y (or W) chromosome that is gene poor. In contrast to highly differentiated sex chromosomes, nascent sex chromosome pairs are homomorphic or very similar in sequence content. Nascent sex chromosomes arise frequently over the course of evolution, as evidenced by differences in sex chromosomes between closely related species and sex chromosome polymorphisms within species. Sex chromosome turnover typically occurs when an existing sex chromosome becomes fused to an autosome or an autosome acquires a new sex-determining locus/allele. Previously documented sex chromosome transitions involve changes to both members of the sex chromosome pair (X and Y, or Z and W). The House fly has sex chromosomes that resemble the ancestral fly karyotype that originated 100 million years ago, and therefore house fly is expected to have X and Y chromosomes with different gene content. We tested this hypothesis using whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic data, and we discovered little evidence for genetic differentiation between the X and Y in house fly. We propose that house fly has retained the ancient X chromosome, but the ancestral Y was replaced by an X chromosome carrying a male determining gene. Our proposed hypothesis provides a mechanisms for how one member of a sex chromosome pair can experience evolutionary turnover while the other member remains unaffected.
A new high-pressure strontium germanate, SrGe2O5
Authors: Nakatsuka Akihiko , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Ohkawa Makio , Ohtaka Osamu , Fujiwara Keiko , Yoshiasa Akira
Published: September 2016

The Sr–Ge–O system has an earth-scientific importance as a potentially good low-pressure analog of the Ca–Si–O system, one of the major components in the constituent minerals of the Earth's crust and mantle. However, it is one of the germanate systems that has not yet been fully examined in the phase relations and structural properties. The recent findings that the SrGeO3high-pressure perovskite phase is the first Ge-based transparent electronic conductor make the Sr–Ge–O system interesting in the field of materials science. In the present study, we have revealed the existence of a new high-pressure strontium germanate, SrGe2O5. Single crystals of this compound crystallized as a co-existent phase with SrGeO3perovskite single crystals in the sample recovered in the compression experiment of SrGeO3pseudowollastonite conducted at 6 GPa and 1223 K. The crystal structure consists of germanium–oxygen framework layers stacked along [001], with Sr atoms located at the 12-coordinated cuboctahedral site; the layers are formed by the corner linkages between GeO6octahedra and between GeO6octahedra and GeO4tetrahedra. The present SrGe2O5is thus isostructural with the high-pressure phases of SrSi2O5and BaGe2O5. Comparison of these three compounds leads to the conclusion that the structural responses of the GeO6and GeO4polyhedra to cation substitution at the Sr site are much less than that of the SrO12cuboctahedron to cation substitution at the Ge sites. Such a difference in the structural response is closely related to the bonding nature.
Investigation of cold water pitting corrosion failure of deoxidized high phosphorus (DHP) copper tube
Authors: Pantazopoulos George , Vazdirvanidis Athanasios , Rikos Andreas , Skarmoutsos Dionysios
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the corrosion failure mechanism of a Cu tube in a hydraulic installation and recommend corrective actions to improve the reliability of the entire unit.

Design/methodology/approach

Failure investigation process includes mainly stereo-, light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as the main analytical tools for material characterization and root-cause analysis.

Findings

The investigation findings, obtained by corroded surface analysis and metallographic evaluation in transverse sections, suggest strongly that the failure was caused by the operation of Type I pitting corrosion mechanism initiated from the inner side and propagated towards the outer tube surface, assisted by the flowing medium composition.

Originality/value

This paper deals with an applied failure analysis/case history, summarizes the stages involved in the mechanism of pitting corrosion Type I, taken place in cold water systems together with the main parameters and corrosive species that enhance corrosion rates, shortening pipeline operation life.
Effect of particles size on mechanical properties of polypropylene particulate composites
Authors: Nezbedova Eva , Krcma Frantisek , Majer Zdenek , Hutar Pavel
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Polymeric particulate composites with thermoplastics, especially polypropylene (PP) matrix with mineral fillers, are of great practical importance due to their simple possibility of modifying mechanical properties and reducing the price/volume ratio of the resulting material. Both filler properties and interface properties have a great effect on the mechanical properties, primarily on stiffness and toughness, of the resulting composite material. Good final dispersion of the filler particles also plays a very important role. To reach the best adhesion and distribution of the particles, various procedures are carried out for activation of the particles. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate and discuss the effect of using plasma as a tool for treating commercially available CaCO3 nanoparticles in PP matrix.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of the composite structure on its mechanical properties was studied from an experimental as well as a theoretical point of view. For an experimental study, four PP matrix were chosen. For use as filler, the commercially available precipitated surface-treated calcium carbonate was chosen. The composites were prepared with 5, 10, and 15 wt% of fillers. The sequence of expositions of plasma was chosen to verify the optimal treatment duration. The filler particles were characterized by several structure analytical methods. The composite mechanical properties were characterized by tensile, bending, impact, and creep tests. The deformation behavior of the three-phase composite with homogeneously distributed coated particles was numerically simulated on a microscopic scale.

Findings

The main conclusions of this work can be summarized as follows: with the use of plasma to the precipitated calcium carbonate, composites with well-dispersed particles can be prepared; the surface modification using plasma is done mainly by grafting –OH groups onto the particles’ surface; a synergetic effect of modifier enhancing the performance was observed; performance modifier increases the resistance against viscoelastic strain; and the size of the particles and their volume content generally lead to increase in the macro modulus of the composite.

Originality/value

Plasma, as a tool for treating the inorganic fillers, enables to destroy the agglomerates in composite, which is the basic way on how to optimally utilize the synergetic effect of composite with PP matrix.
Self-repairing CFRPs targeted towards structural aerospace applications
Authors: Raimondo Marialuigia , De Nicola Felice , Volponi Ruggero , Binder Wolfgang , Michael Philipp , Russo Salvatore , Guadagno Liberata
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the first experiments to manufacture self-healing carbon fiber reinforced panels (CFRPs) for the realization of structural aeronautic components in order to address their vulnerability to impact damage in the real service conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed self-healing system is based on ring-opening metathesis polymerizations reaction of microencapsulated 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene/dicyclopentadiene cyclic olefins using Hoveyda-Grubbs’ first generation catalyst as initiator. In this work, the self-healing resin is infused into a carbon fiber dry preform using an unconventional bulk film infusion technique that has allowed to minimize the filtration effects via a better compaction and reduced resin flow paths. Infrared spectroscopy provides a useful way to identify metathesis products and therefore catalyst activity in the self-healing panel after damage. The damage resistance of the manufactured CFRPs is evaluated through hail and drop tests.

Findings

The self-healing manufactured panels show, after damage, catalyst activity with metathesis product formation, as evidenced by an infrared peak at 966 cm−1. The damage response of CFRPs, detected in accord to the requirements of hail impact for the design of a fuselage in composite material, is very good. The results are very encouraging and can constitute a solid basis for bringing this new technology to the self-healable fiber reinforced resins for aerospace applications.

Originality/value

In this paper, autonomically healing CFRPs with damage resistance and self-healing function are proposed. In the development of self-healing aeronautic materials it is critical that self-healing activity functions in adverse weather conditions and at low working temperatures which can reach values as low as −50°C.
Spontaneity and international marketing performance
Authors: Souchon Anne L. , Hughes Paul , Farrell Andrew M. , Nemkova Ekaterina , Oliveira João S.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain how today’s international marketers can perform better on the global scene by harnessing spontaneity.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors draw on contingency theory to develop a model of the spontaneity – international marketing performance relationship, and identify three potential moderators, namely, strategic planning, centralization, and market dynamism. The authors test the model via structural equation modeling with survey data from 197 UK exporters.

Findings

The results indicate that spontaneity is beneficial to exporters in terms of enhancing profit performance. In addition, greater centralization and strategic planning strengthen the positive effects of spontaneity. However, market dynamism mitigates the positive effect of spontaneity on export performance (when customer needs are volatile, spontaneous decisions do not function as well in terms of ensuring success).

Practical implications

Learning to be spontaneous when making export decisions appears to result in favorable outcomes for the export function. To harness spontaneity, export managers should look to develop company heuristics (increase centralization and strategic planning). Finally, if operating in dynamic export market environments, the role of spontaneity is weaker, so more conventional decision-making approaches should be adopted.

Originality/value

The international marketing environment typically requires decisions to be flexible and fast. In this context, spontaneity could enable accelerated and responsive decision-making, allowing international marketers to realize superior performance. Yet, there is a lack of research on decision-making spontaneity and its potential for international marketing performance enhancement.
Experiencing smart working: a case study on workplace change management in Italy
Authors: Tagliaro Chiara , Ciaramella Andrea
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to share the insights gained by a recent research and consultancy work performed by the authors accompanying an organization in workplace change management. The inception of the new ways of working may lead a company to rethink the office space toward downsizing, with the main objectives to shrink occupancy costs and enhance workers’ productivity. The shift to a new office building and a smart working model needs to be well managed and verified ex-post. The application of a post-occupancy study can help fine-tune real and perceived quality with the enhancement of both space and people’s performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The experience is presented as a case study. Data have been collected through the triangulation of different methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative. Walk-throughs, observations, questionnaires, interviews and focus groups have been conducted. Interpolation and interpretation of all the information obtained led to a critical synthesis that this paper aims at disclosing.

Findings

Inter-disciplinary collaboration between corporate real estate, facilities management and human resources departments, with employees’ involvement, has been fundamental for gaining useful insights.

Research limitations/implications

It is necessary to extend the sample to obtain information at an epidemiological level.

Originality/value

The research can be considered one of the few Italian contributions to the field of post-occupancy studies. Moreover, it can give new indications about the evolution of workplace features in an Italian context.
Trade openness and economic development in the UAE: an asymmetric approach
Authors: Al-Shayeb Abdulrahman , Hatemi-J Abdulnasser
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer a review of the trade policy in the UAE. It also investigates the dynamic interaction between trade openness and GDP per capita in this emerging economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The asymmetric generalized impulse response functions and the asymmetric causality tests developed by Hatemi-J are used.

Findings

The results from asymmetric generalized impulse response functions indicate that a positive permanent shock in the trade openness results in a significant positive response in the cumulative sum of the positive component of the GDP per capita. Such a response is not found for the negative shocks in the trade openness. Furthermore, neither a positive nor a negative shock in the GPD per capita results in any significant response in the trade openness. These empirical findings are also supported by the implemented asymmetric causality tests.

Originality/value

This is the first attempt that investigates the impact of trade openness on economic performance in the UAE. Unlike previous literature on the topic, this paper allows for asymmetric impacts in the empirical model.
Hierarchical power and personality in leader-member exchange
Authors: Yoon David J. , Bono Joyce E.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of supervisor and subordinate personality in high quality supervisor-subordinate (leader-member exchange; LMX) relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

In this field study, 142 supervisors drawn from a leadership development program, and 509 of their subordinates, completed a personality survey and reported on the quality of their relationships.

Findings

Self and partner personality (agreeableness and extraversion), and the match between them were predictors of LMX. Consistent with approach/inhibition theory of power, personality traits of relationship partners had a stronger effect when the partner held a position of power (i.e. supervisors) than when the partner was a subordinate.

Practical implications

The results inform organizational selection by showing the importance of supervisory traits for the formation of high quality supervisor-subordinate relationships. They may also help organizations facilitate the development of high quality supervisory relationships. The findings also suggest that it is critical to consider the balance of power when assessing LMX, along with factors that lead to its development, or benefits that ensue from it.

Originality/value

To date, there is an assumption that certain traits predict the development of high quality relationships between supervisors and subordinates. The results point out the importance of considering the role of power in LMX relationships. The paper shows that the effects of supervisory traits, which are rarely examined in the context of LMX relationships, more strongly predict LMX than do the traits of subordinates.
Yes, we complain … so what?
Authors: Aubé Caroline , Rousseau Vincent
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to theorize and test a model concerning the role of complaining behaviors in work teams. Despite the prevalence of workplace complaining, there is no consensus in the literature regarding the consequences of those behaviors and the extent to which they are harmful.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a multisource approach and a team-level design, the authors collected data from 82 teams (i.e. 394 members and their 82 immediate superiors) working in a Canadian public safety organization.

Findings

The results show that complaining behaviors are negatively related to two effectiveness outcomes (i.e. team performance and team process improvement) and that meaningfulness mediates these relationships. The results also reveal that task interdependence moderates the relationship between complaining behaviors and meaningfulness. More specifically, complaining behaviors have a stronger relationship with meaningfulness when the level of task interdependence is high.

Originality/value

The present study contributes to the literature on counterproductive behaviors by deepening the understanding of emergent states and outcomes stemming from workplace complaining, particularly in work teams. The findings of this study highlight the negative consequences that complaining behaviors may have in a team setting, the underlying mechanism involved in these relationships, and the moderating role of task interdependence.
Making friends and enemies on social media: the case of gun policy organizations
Authors: Merry Melissa
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of interest groups in the formation of online echo chambers and to determine whether interest groups’ use of social media contributes to political polarization.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a content analysis of nearly 10,000 tweets (from 2009 to 2014) by the Brady campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and the National Rifle Association to examine how groups engage with their political allies and opponents.

Findings

The results indicated that both groups engaged primarily with their supporters on Twitter while avoiding confrontation with their opponents. In particular, both groups used hashtags designed to reach their supporters, retweeted messages almost exclusively from other users with whom they agreed, and disproportionately used Twitter handles of their allies, while avoiding the use of Twitter handles of their opponents.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that interest groups’ use of social media accelerates the formation of online echo chambers, but does not lead to an increase in polarization beyond existing levels, given practices that maintain civility between opposing sides.

Originality/value

This is one of few studies to examine the role of interest groups in the formation of online echo chambers. It also uses a novel approach – the examination of both the interactions that occur among social media users and those that are explicitly avoided.
Coherent campaigns? Campaign broadcast and social messaging
Authors: Bode Leticia , Lassen David S. , Kim Young Mie , Shah Dhavan V. , Fowler Erika Franklin , Ridout Travis , Franz Michael
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Despite the growing use of social media by politicians, especially during election campaigns, research on the integration of these media into broader campaign communication strategies remains rare. The purpose of this paper is to ask what the consequences of the transition to social media may be, specifically considering how Senate candidates’ use of a popular social network, Twitter, is related to their messaging via broadcast media in the form of campaign advertising, in terms of content and tone.

Design/methodology/approach

To address this research question, a unique data set combining every tweet (10,303) and every television ad aired (576,933 ad airings) by candidate campaigns for the US Senate during the 2010 campaign is created. Using these data, tweets and ads are analyzed for their references to issues as well as their overall tone.

Findings

Findings demonstrate that social messaging often resembles broadcast advertising, but that Twitter nonetheless occupies a unique place in modern campaigns in that its tone tends to be quite different than that of advertisements.

Research limitations/implications

This sheds light on a larger debate about whether online campaigning has produced a fundamental change in election practices or whether new media simply extend “campaigning as usual.”

Originality/value

This study uses a novel data set, encompassing the complete universe of ads and tweets distributed by candidates for Senate in 2010.
How to develop a consortium: conversation and collaboration
Authors: Schroeder Eileen E. , Zarinnia E. Anne
Published: September 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the conversations and collaborative problem-solving strategies initiated by a small group of faculty working collegially across five University of Wisconsin–Whitewater (UW) campuses to address the state shortage of school librarians.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a case study of the development of the consortium; its curriculum design and redesign and course development based on Conversation Theory, a set of common principles; and new directions in the library field.

Findings

This consortium developed a virtual department structure and a curriculum that has addressed the needs of the state and overcome bureaucratic hurdles.

Originality/value

The structure of the consortium; the use of the Conversation Theory to guide its development, curriculum and course design; and solutions to problems that arose could benefit other collaborative efforts.
Marine transient electromagnetic sounding of deep buried hydrocarbon reservoirs: principles, methodologies and limitations
Authors: Barsukov Pavel O. , Fainberg Edward B.
Published: September 2016

The possibility of a time‐domain electromagnetic sounding method using excitation and measurement of vertical electric fields to search for and identify deeply buried reservoirs of hydrocarbons offshore is investigated. The method operates on source–receiver offsets, which are several times less than the depth of the reservoir. Geoelectric information is obtained from the transient responses recorded in the pauses between the pulses of electric current in the absence of the source field. The basics of the method, as well as its sensitivity, resolution, and the highest accessible depth of soundings for various geological conditions in a wide range of sea depths, are analyzed. For the analysis, 1D and 3D geoelectric models of hydrocarbon reservoirs are used. It is shown that under existing technologies of excitation and measurement of vertical electric fields, the highest accessible depth of soundings can be up to 4 km. Technology for the inversion and interpretation of transient responses is demonstrated on experimental data.
Review of research grant allocation to psychosocial studies in diabetes research
Authors: Jones A. , Vallis M. , Cooke D. , Pouwer F.
Published: September 2016

Aims

To estimate and discuss the allocation of diabetes research funds to studies with a psychosocial focus.

Methods

Annual reports and funded‐research databases from approximately the last 5 years (if available) were reviewed from the following representative funding organizations, the American Diabetes Association, the Canadian Diabetes Association, Diabetes Australia, Diabetes UK, the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation and the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, in order to estimate the overall proportion of studies allocated research funding that had a psychosocial focus.

Results

An estimated mean of 8% of funded studies from our sample were found to have a psychosocial focus.

Conclusions

The proportion of funded studies with a psychosocial focus was small, with an estimated mean ratio of 17:1 observed between funded biomedical and psychosocial studies in diabetes research. While several factors may account for this finding, the observation that 90% of funded studies are biomedical may be partly attributable to the methodological orthodoxy of applying biomedical reductionism to understand and treat disease. A more comprehensive and systemic whole‐person approach in diabetes research that resembles more closely the complexity of human beings is needed and may lead to improved care for individuals living with diabetes or at risk of diabetes.
Safety and efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) added to sulphonylurea alone or to sulphonylurea and metformin in insulin‐naïve people with Type 2 diabetes: the DUAL IV trial
Authors: Rodbard H. W. , Bode B. W. , Harris S. B. , Rose L. , Lehmann L. , Jarlov H. , Thurman J. ,   the Dual Action of Liraglutide and insulin degludec (DUAL) IV trial investigators
Published: September 2016

Aim

To investigate the safety and efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira), a novel combination product, as add‐on therapy for people with Type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on sulphonylurea therapy.

Methods

In this 26‐week, double‐blind trial, adults with Type 2 diabetes [HbA1c 53–75 mmol/mol (7.0–9.0%)] were randomized to IDegLira (n = 289) or placebo (n = 146) as add‐on to pre‐trial sulphonylurea ± metformin, titrating to a fasting glycaemic target of 4.0–6.0 mmol/l. Treatment initiation was at 10 dose steps, and maximum dose was 50 dose steps (50 units insulin degludec/1.8 mg liraglutide).

Results

The mean HbA1c decreased from 63 mmol/mol (7.9%) to 46 mmol/mol (6.4%) with IDegLira and to 57 mmol/mol (7.4%) with placebo [estimated treatment difference –11 mmol/mol (95% CI –13; –10) or –1.02% (95% CI –1.18; –0.87); P < 0.001]. The HbA1c target of 53 mmol/mol (<7%) was achieved by 79.2% of participants in the IDegLira group vs 28.8% in the placebo group [estimated odds ratio 11.95 (95% CI 7.22; 19.77); P < 0.001]. Mean weight change was +0.5 kg with IDegLira vs –1.0 kg with placebo [estimated treatment difference 1.48 kg (95% CI 0.90; 2.06); P < 0.001]. Confirmed hypoglycaemia occurred in 41.7 and 17.1% of IDegLira‐ and placebo‐treated participants, respectively, with rates of 3.5 vs 1.4 events/patient‐years of exposure [estimated rate ratio 3.74 (95% CI 2.28; 6.13); P < 0.001]. IDegLira was generally well tolerated. The rates of serious adverse events were 20.3 and 8.0 per 100 patient‐years of exposure with IDegLira and placebo, respectively, without obvious patterns in the type of events.

Conclusions

IDegLira can be used in people uncontrolled with sulphonylurea ± metformin to improve efficacy with a safety profile in line with previous DUAL trials.
Issues that support the creation of ICT workarounds: towards a theoretical understanding of feral information systems
Authors: Spierings Anthony , Kerr Don , Houghton Luke
Published: September 2016

enterprise system (ES) software is often supplemented independently by end users who develop personal solutions that establish connections between the required business practices and the ES. One solution is a type of information and communications technology workaround, a feral information system (FIS) – defined as a workaround designed to achieve certain requirements by using any information technology tool that an end user uses in conjunction with, or instead of, the mandated information system. To explore this, we conducted a case study at a large utility company. We conclude that feral information systems are not a behavioural deviance. FISs are by‐products of end users seeking operational efficiency, namely, to nullify additional transactional costs imposed by the ES. Our findings suggest that end users of ES will fall into one of four modes of operation: mode 1, where end users submit to the ES; mode 2, where they dismiss the ES; mode 3, where they develop an FIS that remains hidden from the ES proponents; and mode 4, where they operate the FIS in open defiance of the ES proponents. In this research, we deliberately take the practitioner view and, therefore, outline how different pressures help to create an FIS as a response to a poorly mandated ES. We also make a theoretical contribution by exploring issues that lead to workarounds and suggest that future research into these modes of operation can be theorized in future proposed studies.
A two‐stage forecasting approach for short‐term intermodal freight prediction
Authors: Moscoso‐López José Antonio , Turias Ignacio , Jiménez‐Come Maria Jesús , Ruiz‐Aguilar Juan Jesús , Cerbán María del Mar
Published: September 2016

The forecasting of the freight transportation, especially the short‐term case, is an important topic in the daily supply chain management. Intermodal freight transportation is subject to multiple complex calendar effects arising in the port environment. The use of prediction methods provides information that may be helpful as a decision‐making tool in the management and planning of operations processes in ports. This work addresses the forecasting problem on a daily basis by a novel two‐stage scheme combination to offer reliable predictions of fresh freight weight on Ro‐Ro (roll‐on/roll‐off) transport for 7 and 14 days ahead. The study compares daily forecasting with a weekly forecasting approach. The applies database preprocessing and Bayesian regularization neural networks (BRNN) in Stage I. In Stage II, an ensemble framework of the best BRNN models is used to enhance the Stage I forecasting. The results show that the models assessed are a promising tool to predict freight time series for Ro‐Ro transport.
TRADE SIZE CLUSTERING IN THE E‐MINI INDEX FUTURES MARKETS
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2016

We compare trade size clustering of morning, afternoon, and after‐hours trades in both the E‐mini S&P 500 and E‐mini NASDAQ‐100 futures markets. Morning and afternoon volatility is higher than after‐hours volatility. Morning and afternoon trades cluster more at round sizes than do after‐hours trades, and morning and afternoon trades cluster more on days with macroeconomic announcements than without announcements. Taken together, our results are consistent with the prior literature that trade size clustering increases with volatility.
LOST IN TRANSLATION: WHICH STOCK PRICES BEAR THE BURDEN TO ADJUST TO EXCHANGE RATES?
Authors: Lockwood Jimmy , Lockwood Larry , Lau Sie Ting
Published: September 2016

We examine the role of competing exchanges to restore price parity following currency shocks during 2008, a year characterized by dramatic currency volatility. Burdens on the NYSE and home market to restore price parity for cross‐listed stocks are more dynamic than previously thought. Adjustments in NYSE prices are not uniform across stocks, are often less than home market adjustments, and are strongly influenced by differences in order execution quality. We quantify the effect of currency shocks using a three‐system error correction model, and show that currency shocks exert independent and profound effects as prices gravitate to restore price parity.
RANKINGS AND TRENDS IN FINANCE PUBLISHING: AN ITERATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Crook Matthew D. , Walkup Brian R.
Published: September 2016

Using a sample of 20 finance journals from 1985 to 2014, we develop a robust, iterative loop ranking system for journals, universities, and doctoral programs across five‐year intervals. Unlike past models, our dynamic model requires minimal reliance on external rankings. New journals create an immediate impact on rankings, likely because they attract high‐profile authors in early issues. Niche journals rank higher than broad‐based journals outside the top five. Our results demonstrate increased productivity of international universities and nonacademic institutions relative to U.S. universities. International doctoral programs experience similar increases in graduate productivity. Over time, collaboration between authors at different institutions increases.
Call Home? Mobile Phones and Contacts With Mother in 24 Countries
Authors: Gubernskaya Zoya , Treas Judith
Published: September 2016

This article explores how the diffusion of mobile phones is associated with communication between adult children and their mothers. The article analyzes 2001 International Social Survey Program data from 24 countries (N = 12,313) combined with the country‐level data on the prevalence of mobile phones. Net of individual‐level predictors and country wealth, adult children who resided in countries with high prevalence of mobile phones contacted their mothers more frequently. High prevalence of mobile phones was also associated with larger differences in maternal contact by gender and smaller differences by education. These findings suggest that any impact of new communication technology on intergenerational relations is complex.
Impact of School Psychological Environment Variables on Happiness of Korean Youths
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hye
Published: September 2016

Abstract: This study analyzed the structural relationships between school‐related psychological variables (teacher support, learning flow, friendship) and the happiness of Korean youths, and compared structural equation models for middle and high schools. Questionnaire data were collected from students in middle and high schools in 10 cities and provinces of Korea. The final data set from 870 students was analyzed with Amos 20.0. Goodness of fit indices for the hypothetical model were good, and all paths were significant. That is, a model incorporating indirect and direct impact of school‐related psychological environment variables, such as teacher support, learning flow, and friendship, on the happiness of Korean youths is valid. Second, structural equation models for middle and high schools demonstrated significant differences. Therefore, different types of assistance are needed to increase the happiness of students in middle schools and high schools.
The role of two branched‐chain amino acid transporters in Staphylococcus aureus growth, membrane fatty acid composition and virulence
Authors: Kaiser Julienne C. , Sen Suranjana , Sinha Anshul , Wilkinson Brian J. , Heinrichs David E.
Published: September 2016

The branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) are vital to both growth and virulence of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to supporting protein synthesis, the BCAAs serve as precursors for branched‐chain fatty acids (BCFAs), which are predominant membrane fatty acids, and, in association with the global regulatory protein CodY, the BCAAs are key co‐regulators of virulence factors. Despite these critical functions, S. aureus represses Leu and Val synthesis, instead preferring to acquire them from the extracellular milieu. We previously identified BrnQ1 as a BCAA transporter, yet a brnQ1 mutant remained capable of BCAA acquisition. Here, we describe BcaP as an additional BCAA transporter, and determine that it plays a secondary role to BrnQ1 during S. aureus growth in a chemically defined medium. Furthermore, membrane fatty acid composition analysis revealed that BrnQ1, and not BcaP, is required for transporting Leu and Val to be used for iso‐BCFA synthesis. Despite a predominant role for BrnQ1 in vitro, both BrnQ1 and BcaP are required for S. aureus fitness in vivo in a hematogenous spread infection model and a nasal colonisation model. These data demonstrate the importance of BrnQ1 and BcaP for growth, environmental adaptation and virulence of S. aureus.
A combined prognostic factor for improved risk stratification of patients with oral cancer
Authors: Kim K‐Y , Zhang X , Kim S‐M , Lee B‐D , Cha I‐H
Published: September 2016

Purpose

We aimed to identify a combined prognostic factor for predicting better performance in risk stratification.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed the clinical and pathological variables of 316 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who underwent surgery. To identify a combined predictor, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic variables for overall survival (OS) were pathologic T stage (T1 vs T4, HR = 1.99, 95% CI: = 1.083–3.675, P = 0.026) and pathologic N stage (N0 vs N2, HR=1.90, 95% CI: = 1.17–3.08, P = 0.008). In the multivariate analysis, only pathologic T stage was significant (P = 0.006 and P = 0.007); however, the multivariate model was not significant (P = 0.191). The multivariate model became significant by including lymph node ratio (LNR) instead of pathologic N stage (P = 0.0025 in numeric LNR, P = 0.0007 in categorized LNR). Also, the performance of prediction model was improved by a combined prognostic factor (P = 0.0002).

Conclusions

The newly identified combined prognostic factor included resection margin, differentiation, and LNR, and they were insignificant factors independently except for LNR. This combined prognostic factor showed a good performance although it did not include molecular markers; therefore, it may be used conveniently for risk stratification of patients with OSCC by combining only clinical information.
A robust, high‐throughput method for computing maize ear, cob, and kernel attributes automatically from images
Authors: Miller Nathan D. , Haase Nicholas J. , Lee Jonghyun , Kaeppler Shawn M. , de Leon Natalia , Spalding Edgar P.
Published: September 2016

Grain yield of the maize plant depends on the sizes, shapes, and numbers of ears and the kernels they bear. An automated pipeline that can measure these components of yield from easily‐obtained digital images is needed to advance our understanding of this globally important crop. Here we present three custom algorithms designed to compute such yield components automatically from digital images acquired by a low‐cost platform. One algorithm determines the average space each kernel occupies along the cob axis using a sliding‐window Fourier transform analysis of image intensity features. A second counts individual kernels removed from ears, including those in clusters. A third measures each kernel's major and minor axis after a Bayesian analysis of contour points identifies the kernel tip. Dimensionless ear and kernel shape traits that may interrelate yield components are measured by principal components analysis of contour point sets. Increased objectivity and speed compared to typical manual methods are achieved without loss of accuracy as evidenced by high correlations with ground truth measurements and simulated data. Millimeter‐scale differences among ear, cob, and kernel traits that ranged more than 2.5‐fold across a diverse group of inbred maize lines were resolved. This system for measuring maize ear, cob, and kernel attributes is being used by multiple research groups as an automated Web service running on community high‐throughput computing and distributed data storage infrastructure. Users may create their own workflow using the source code that is staged for download on a public repository.
El cuerpo sufriente como lugar de memoria en Fe en disfraz, de Mayra Santos-Febres
Authors: Valladares-Ruiz Patricia
Published: September 2016

Este artículo propone una lectura detenida de la novela Fe en disfraz (2009), de Mayra Santos-Febres con el propósito de examinar el reciclaje de un pasado esclavista que denuncia tanto el proceso de erotización de las relaciones de dominación y sumisión, como la reproducción de estas dinámicas en las sociedades poscoloniales. En este contexto, el artículo explora las posibles subversiones de las dinámicas tradicionales de poder en las relaciones interraciales.
Por fuera del esencialismo. Dispositivos desidentificadores en Clarice Lispector y Nicola Constantino
Authors: Herrero Mariela
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo propone un análisis comparativo entre dos objetos estéticos provenientes de diferentes disciplinas artísticas. El objetivo del mismo está orientado a dar cuenta de cierta expansión o desborde que estos objetos experimentan en la búsqueda y el intento por cuestionar la noción de frontera disciplinar y especificidad del medio, entendido como algo estático y acabado. Se trata de rastrear de qué modo estos gestos, que se enmarcan en el contexto más amplio y complejo del arte contemporáneo latinoamericano, exceden los límites del arte y se exhiben como objetos mutantes, en fluctuación constante, problematizando la categoría de obra y conduciendo a una desidentificación de los soportes y los materiales con que estas son producidas. 
La lectora de periódicos
Authors: Batticuore Graciela
Published: September 2016

¿Cuándo emergen las primeras representaciones de la mujer lectora en la Argentina del siglo XIX? ¿Qué relevancia adquiere su perfil en los debates político culturales de la época revolucionaria? ¿Qué leen las mujeres en la prensa y cómo responden a la invocación de los redactores que diseñan para ellas políticas educativas y programas de lectura? El artículo intenta responder a estas interrogantes por medio de un corpus selecto de periódicos de comienzos de siglo (El Telégrafo Mercantil, El Semanario de Agricultura y Comercio, El Correo del Comercio, El Observador Americano, La Gazeta de Buenos Aires). De igual modo, el artículo indaga en representaciones literarias y artísticas para desentrañar los imaginarios y prácticas de la mujer lectora en los orígenes de la formación nacional. 
Más allá de los feminicidios: Violencia y Género en La parte de los crímenes de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Hernández Guzmán Daniel
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo parte de la pregunta por cómo se representa la violencia en algunos textos de Roberto Bolaño, particularmente en La parte de los crímenes de 2666. El ensayo propone que la violencia se representa desde un lugar de enunciación que parodia tanto cómo la nota roja y el reporte forense se aproximan al cuerpo femenino para denunciar los mecanismos narrativos que hacen de éste un objeto. Tal representación propone a partir de la parodia unos límites morales entre malas y buenas formas de representación partícipes de la violencia. ¿Malas y buenas en qué sentido? Malas y buenas en relación a una escala de valores y juicios estéticos y ético/morales que Bolaño construye desde un proyecto político sobre la corporalidad.

 
Obsolescencia, archivo. Políticas de la sobrevivencia en el arte contemporáneo
Authors: Garramuño Florencia
Published: September 2016

Como si describieran un aleteo enigmático e intermitente, trozos y objetos provenientes de tiempos diversos exhiben su obsolescencia y las marcas de su vetustez en algunas prácticas artísticas contemporáneas. Colocados contra el trasfondo de toda una línea de la producción estética latinoamericana contemporánea que en las últimas décadas se vieron signadas por una política de la memoria y de la reconstrucción del recuerdo –por complejo, fragmentario y desencantado que fuera– estas prácticas parecen elegir, frente a la memoria, la obsolescencia, y frente al recuerdo, la activación de una supervivencia a menudo fantasmal y paradójica. Entre archivo y vaciamiento, entre sobrevivencia y obsolescencia, prácticas como estas reavivan la potencia de lo obsoleto, la ausencia y el vacío, desordenando visibilidades y legibilidades del archivo.
¿Quién es El artista?
Authors: Molina Cristian
Published: September 2016

En el presente artículo nos proponemos abordar la película El artista (2009) y el libro El artista (2010) como mutaciones de una misma práctica artística participativa que genera umbrales entre las distintas disciplinas y las afecta en diversos niveles, hasta someterlas a una especie de indeterminación autoral que les permite generar pequeñas e imperceptibles fisuras al dispositivo clasificatorio del mercado cultural en el que se inscriben, pero de cuya hegemonía en el arte anticipan su final.
 
Stuart Hall sobre “hacer estudios culturales”
Authors: Mato Daniel
Published: September 2016

Traducción de Emeshe Juhász Mininberg

Emeshe Juhász Mininberg es escritora e investigadora independiente. Doctora en Filosofía y Letras, Yale University, Estados Unidos. Traductora y editora de textos de crítica cultural y de artes plásticas. Ha publicado varios artículos sobre ciudadanía, cultura e identidad nacional en tiempos de globalización, que aparecen, entre otros, en Cultura, política y sociedad: perspectivas latinoamericanas (Clacso, 2005) y en el Diccionario de estudios culturales latinoamericanos (Siglo XXI, 2009). Correo electrónico: emeshe@aya.yale.edu