bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound elastography: a novel tool for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion
Authors: Jiang Bin , Li Xue-lian , Yin Yan , Zhang Qin , Zang Tong , Song Wang-shu , Wang Xue-mei , Kang Jian , Herth Felix J.F. , Hou Gang
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Traditional thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is often the initial tool used to help diagnose malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Ultrasound elastography, a relatively new technique, has been used to differentiate malignant disease from benign disease by evaluating tissue “stiffness”. However, no studies evaluating the efficacy of ultrasound elastography for diagnosing MPE are available. We assessed the value of ultrasound elsatography for diagnosing MPE prospectively.

Methods

All 244 enrolled patients were divided into a development set and a validation set in chronological order. The cut-off elasticity index was established using a receiver operating characteristic curve constructed from the continuous data of the patients in the development set. The diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography was compared with that of TUS in the validation set.

Results

In the development set, the mean elasticity index (47.25 kPa) was the optimal cut-off. In the validation set, pleural ultrasound elastography had a sensitivity of 83.64%, a specificity of 90.67%, a positive predictive value of 86.79%, a negative predictive value of 88.31%, a positive likelihood ratio of 8.96 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.18 for diagnosing MPE. The sensitivity of ultrasound elastography was significantly higher (p=0.006) than that of TUS (60%).

Conclusion

Pleural ultrasound elastography is a better technique than TUS for differentiating MPE from benign pleural disease.
Memorial
Authors: La Fehr Tom
Published: May 2019

Misac N. Nabighian (1931–2018)
A Phenomenological Comparison of Lsd and Schizophrenic States
Authors: Young Barry
Published: May 2019

The possibility of understanding self and others through the use of drugs has entertained and intrigued the imagination of man for centuries. The accidental discovery of d-lysergic acid diethylamide-25 (LSD) by Hofman in 1943 brought this possibility closer to realization than ever before.
The Schizophrenias as Nervous Types
Authors: Claridge Gordon
Published: May 2019

Despite over half a century of intensive research the essential nature of the schizophrenias still remains an enigma. Attempts to account for the disordered behaviour of the schizophrenic have ranged over the full spectrum of the biosocial sciences, explanations being sought both in the biochemistry of the organism and in the interpersonal relationships of the whole individual. Sitting somewhere between these two extremes is the psychophysiological view. As a conceptual and methodological approach to behaviour in general, psychophysiology concerns itself with the problem of integrating neurophysiological and psychological data, attempting to bridge the gap between these two disciplines. Of course, the potential value of describing behaviour at a different level of explanation, either more molecular or more molar, is not denied. However, the peculiar contribution of psychophysiology is its concentration on data gathered at the interface between the brain and behaviour. As such its techniques are chosen so as to allow guesses to be made about the functional systems in the brain that underly behaviour. They naturally include the study of E.E.G. and autonomic response but also extend to the measurement of various phenomena derived from conventional experimental psychology, such as perceptual thresholds and vigilance (Claridge, 1970b). The theoretical concepts of psychophysiology reflect its mongrel background and include such terms as ‘arousal’, a notion originating in academic psychology, but made respectable by neurophysiologists.
Suicide in Scotland in Comparison with England and Wales
Authors: Kreitman Norman
Published: May 2019

Over 70 years ago, Sibbald (1900) commented that the official statistics on suicide showed Scotland to have lower rates than England and Wales. It seems that Scotland has always been regarded as one of the countries with relatively few suicides. A recent World Health Organization publication (1968) commented on the official suicide rates in a sample of 20 different nations; among these Scotland ranked nineteenth in 1952–4. However, this picture appears to have been gradually changing over the last two decades, and the same W.H.O. publication, citing official statistics for the period 1961–3, quotes a value for Scotland which raises it to fifteenth in the list of 20 countries. Moreover, the Scottish rates and those for England and Wales have gradually come closer together over the last 20 years.

The aim of this paper is to examine the trends in Scottish statistics for the last two decades and to compare the current suicide rates with those of the rest of the United Kingdom. All the data quoted are based on the publications of the Registrars General for Scotland and for England and Wales.
An Experimental Study of Parental Castration Phantasies
Authors: Karon Bertram P.
Published: May 2019

A fundamental anxiety, if not the fundamental anxiety, in males, according to classical Freudian psychoanalysis, is the fear of castration. According to Freud (1953, pp. 120–121; 1933a, p. 267) this is the fear of being castrated by the father as a reprisal for incestuous desires toward the mother. Nonetheless, the concept of the castrating mother also plays a prominent role in psychoanalytic literature, e.g. De Monchy (1952), Blos (1950), Fairbairn (1952), Klein (1948), and Bergler (1949).
“The Surging Tide of Pauper Democracy”
Authors: Phemister Andrew
Published: May 2019

Named and developed during the Irish Land War, boycotting quickly spread beyond Ireland and became a favored tactic for labor organizers in Britain and the United States. This article traces its emergence and growth, as well as the reaction generated by the novel aspects of the practice. It argues that boycotting constituted an intellectual challenge to late Victorian-era liberals, and had profound implications for the conceptions of freedom, rationality, and individual autonomy that underpinned Anglo-American liberalism. By examining the difficulties faced by British and American legislatures and political thinkers in proscribing the practice, the boycott can be more clearly conceptualized both as a political philosophy and as democratic praxis.
Reframing Palestine
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: May 2019

The movement to engage in Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) of Israel has become a significant political force over the past decade. This commentary reflects on the importance of that movement, highlighting how it reframes Palestine as a political space. By making the political demands of Palestinian refugees in exile outside of historic Palestine, Palestinian citizens of Israel, and Palestinian residents of the West Bank and Gaza all BDS demands, the movement brings the three primary segments of the Palestinian population into the same political frame. By calling for global solidarity with Palestinians, by highlighting the complicity of many parties (government, corporate, individual) in Israeli oppression of Palestinians, and by insisting on the intersections of the Palestinian struggle with many others around the world, BDS undermines the language of exceptionalism that has long been an impediment to action.
The End of Intellectuals
Authors: Makhlouf Peter
Published: May 2019

In 1979, Edward Said attended a colloquy on Middle East politics hosted by Jean-Paul Sartre and Les Temps Modernes in the apartment of Michel Foucault. He would later go on to publish his reflections on this experience in a short piece titled “Diary.” Reading this piece alongside Said’s larger oeuvre, as well as those of his predecessors Foucault and Antonio Gramsci, this article attempts to offer a theory of intellectual responsibility that may be applied to the BDS movement today. In turn, Orientalism and The Question of Palestine, published in the same year as the colloquy, offer a salient political allegory for the relation of the United States to the question of Palestine writ large when read as a dyad as they are intended to be. In closing, the article attempts to apply the theory of intellectuals derived from Said’s work by reflecting on the potential for the particular case of BDS to speak to a set of universal concerns on the Left.
The Resistance to Boycott
Authors: Sacks Jeffrey
Published: May 2019

This article traces the relations between the 2017 vote of the Modern Language Association (MLA) against supporting the boycott of Israeli academic institutions and the practices of reading and literary interpretation upon which the MLA is founded. It argues that the MLA's affirmation of the exteriority of literature and literature studies to boycott advances a Bildungs-centric conception of language, literature, and self-understanding, which the MLA, through its vote, expansively promotes on a global scale—across literatures and languages. And it argues that the MLA, insofar as it advocates this bildungs-centrism, participates in a history of violence—of slavery, genocide, and settler colonialism—which remains constitutive for the formation of literary fields and objects of study. In doing so this article examines a single Hebrew-language novel, S. Yizhar's Khirbet Khizeh (1949), which dramatizes, in the colonization of Palestine, the relationships between reading, literary form, and death-imparting, genocidal violence.
Nano-Silica@PVC-Bonded N-Ethyl Sulfamic Acid as a Recyclable Solid Catalyst for the Hydroxyalkylation of Phenol with Formaldehyde to Bisphenol F
Authors: Jiang Dabo , Zhou Shuolin , Fu Zaihui , Xu Qiong , Xiao Jiafu , Zheng Min , Zhong Wenzhou , Liu Xianxiang , Kirk Steven Robert , Yin Dulin
Published: May 2019

Sulfamic acid functionalized PVC-coated nano-silica (NS) catalyst (NS@PVC-EDA-SO3H) was prepared via multi-step treatment processes and characterized by FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, TGA/DTG, XRD, TEM, STEM-EDS, as well as acid-base back-titration. The hydroxyalkylation of phenol with formaldehyde to bisphenol F was employed to evaluate in detail its acid catalysis performances. The results indicated that the newly constructed NS@PVC-EDA-SO3H possessed richer short mesoporous to macroporous channels and highly exposed sulfamic acids and could exhibit excellent hydroxyalkylation activity and reusability owing to fast mass transfer and reaction rates for the conversion of substrates, as well as excellent structural and chemical stabilities. This new solid acid was obviously superior to the conventional homogeneous concentrated sulfuric acid and heterogeneous sulfonated resin catalysts in catalytic activity and reusability, which could achieve a remarkable formaldehyde conversion (99.9%) and selectivity of bisphenol F (94.5%) under optimal hydroxyalkylation conditions. Furthermore, it could also be recovered easily and used repeatedly at least nine times without an obvious decrease in activity.
Visual Detection of Melamine in Urine Based on an AuNPs-Curcumin System
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Song Sunfengda , Zhu Zhikang , Lai Zhaojia , Gao Yao , Koh Kwangnak , Chen Hongxia
Published: May 2019

A colorimetric method involving a novel gold nanoparticle-curcumin system is described for determination of melamine in urine. The natural phenol curcumin can reduce chloroauric acid to form well-dispersed gold nanoparticles, while at high concentration of melamine, reduction is suppressed and blue aggregates are quickly formed, which is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM images. The ratio of absorbances at 673 and 546 nm increases linearly in the 0.5 to 4 ppm melamine concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.16 ppm. The assay has been applied to analyze urine samples and showed recoveries with RSDs of <5%. The gold nanoparticle-curcumin based analytical system is simple for one-pot synthesis, convenient for visual detection and rapid requiring only 30 min. Therefore, it is a promising assay approach for melamine adulteration and well suited for homecare testing.
Preparation of Sm, Gd and Fe Oxide Nanoparticle-Polydopamine Multicomponent Nanocomposites
Authors: Ton Khoa Anh , Syu Yu-Wei , Xu Jun-Jia , Imae Toyoko
Published: May 2019

Nanoparticles of samarium(III) oxide (Sm2O3), gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3) and iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), which have different roles in biomedical applications, were synthesized and embedded in biocompatible polydopamine to make them more dispersible, compatible and non-aggregate so as to fully exploit their features in the human body. Herein, the synthesis procedures of the nanoparticles with different sizes and the embedding procedures in polydopamine were investigated in comparison with coating with silica. The particles (60–100 nm diameter) of Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 synthesized by the calcination method were coated by silica shell (80–100 nm thickness) but their dispersibility in water was less. The nanosized particles (4–7 nm) of Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 synthesized by the polyol solvent method were protected by polyol to be dispersed in water. Separately, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (17 nm) were fabricated by co-precipitation reaction. Each nanoparticle was successfully embedded into spheres of polydopamine, although the preparation of composites depended on solvent amount, metal precursor amount and reaction solution pH. The co-embedding of three particles in a polydopamine sphere was also proved by elemental analysis.
Mapping of local recurrence after pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: implications for adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Jung Wonguen , Kim Kyubo , Min Seog Ki , Nam Eun Mi , Lee Jeong Kyong
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To generate a map of local recurrences after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for patients with distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (DEHC) and to evaluate the adequate target volume coverage encompassing the majority of local recurrences when the clinical target volume (CTV) for pancreatic cancer was applied.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the records of DEHC patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and had postoperative CT scans acquired between 1991 and 2015 available. The sites of local recurrence were delineated on individual CT scans, and then, mapping was manually performed onto template CT images. Coverage of each site of local recurrence was evaluated by applying the CTV defined according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) consensus guidelines (CTVRTOG ) for target delineation in the postoperative treatment of pancreatic head cancer.

Results:

Of the 99 patients, 36 patients had a total of 62 local relapses identifiable by postoperative CT scans; the relapses were the most frequent in the choledochojejunostomy (CJ) site, 11 sites (17.7%); para-aortic area, 10 sites (16.1%), superior mesenteric artery area, 10 sites (16.1%); and portal vein area, 9 sites (14.5%). 21 sites (33.9%) were not covered by the CTVRTOG, and the most common site of local recurrence outside the CTVRTOG was the CJ site.

Conclusion:

When mapping of local relapses was evaluated according to the CTVRTOG, the choledochojejunostomy site was identified as a high-risk area of local recurrence but was insufficiently covered within the CTVRTOG. These findings may help construct a target volume for postoperative radiotherapy in DEHC.

Advances in knowledge:

Mapping local recurrences can aid in defining appropriate target volume for postoperative radiotherapy in DEHC.
Efficient Computational Strategies for Dynamic Inventory Liquidation
Authors: Yang Mochen , Adomavicius Gediminas , Gupta Alok
Published: May 2019

We examine the dynamic inventory liquidation problem, in which a retailer liquidates a fixed number of identical items over a time period by strategically setting prices periodically according to knowledge about stochastic demand. We propose to solve the liquidation problem by deriving a deterministic representation of stochastic demand. Assuming that customer arrival and valuations follow known statistical distributions (e.g., estimated from past transaction data), the expected arrivals and expected order statistics of valuation distributions represent informative and advantageous approximations of demand. Under the deterministic demand representation, we develop a greedy heuristic for finding the optimal liquidation strategy that result in maximum total revenue. The heuristic approach is computationally highly efficient and provides optimal solutions under deterministic demand representation when customer valuation follows various typical statistical distributions. Compared with two simple and commonly used liquidation strategies (i.e., the fixed-price strategy and the fixed-quantity strategy), our heuristic yields higher liquidation revenue. Compared with sophisticated approaches that can find optimal liquidation strategies under stochastic demand (e.g., stochastic dynamic programming), our approach runs several magnitudes faster and still yields near optimal expected revenue. Therefore, the heuristic approach can serve as a useful tool for managers to make liquidation-related decisions in realistic, stochastic demand scenarios.
Design and Dynamic Pricing of Vertically Differentiated Inventories
Authors: Stamatopoulos Ioannis , Tzamos Christos
Published: May 2019

We study a model in which a monopoly firm designs the quality profile of its inventory and then dynamically updates its pricing menu for a finite selling horizon to maximize revenue. In a counterfactual scenario, a social planner goes through the same process to maximize total welfare. We show that in both scenarios the problem of dynamically pricing heterogeneous-quality (vertically differentiated) inventories is equivalent to that of dynamically pricing homogeneous-quality inventories, in the sense that a solution to one implies a solution to the other. Moreover, we prove a strong scarcity result, which suggests that the sale of a product drives up the prices on all remaining products, whether of higher or lower quality. We then consider product line design under a production technology that utilizes costly and potentially limited resources. We show that with unlimited (but costly) resources, the revenue maximizer undersupplies quality to all products compared with the social planner. With limited resources, we show that the revenue maximizer exhibits elitism: he overallocates (underallocates) resources on the production of high-quality (low-quality) products. However, as the volume of expected consumer arrivals increases to infinity, both the revenue maximizer and the welfare maximizer allocate resources equally across products.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Approximate Nash Equilibria in Partially Observed Stochastic Games with Mean-Field Interactions
Authors: Saldi Naci , Başar Tamer , Raginsky Maxim
Published: May 2019

Establishing the existence of Nash equilibria for partially observed stochastic dynamic games is known to be quite challenging, with the difficulties stemming from the noisy nature of the measurements available to individual players (agents) and the decentralized nature of this information. When the number of players is sufficiently large and the interactions among agents is of the mean-field type, one way to overcome this challenge is to investigate the infinite-population limit of the problem, which leads to a mean-field game. In this paper, we consider discrete-time partially observed mean-field games with infinite-horizon discounted-cost criteria. Using the technique of converting the original partially observed stochastic control problem to a fully observed one on the belief space and the dynamic programming principle, we establish the existence of Nash equilibria for these game models under very mild technical conditions. Then, we show that the mean-field equilibrium policy, when adopted by each agent, forms an approximate Nash equilibrium for games with sufficiently many agents.
Efficient Computation of Optimal Auctions via Reduced Forms
Authors: Alaei Saeed , Fu Hu , Haghpanah Nima , Hartline Jason , Malekian Azarakhsh
Published: May 2019

We study an optimal auction problem for selecting a subset of agents to receive an item or service, whereby each agent’s service can be configured, the agent has multidimensional preferences over configurations, and there is a limit on the number of agents that can be simultaneously served. We give a polynomial time reduction from the multiagent problem to appropriately defined single-agent problems. We further generalize the setting to matroid feasibility constraints and obtain exact and approximately optimal reductions. As applications of this reduction we give polynomial time algorithms for the problem with quasi-linear preferences over configurations or with private budgets. Our approach is to characterize, and in polynomial time optimize and implement feasible interim allocation rules. With a single item, we give a new characterization showing that any mechanism has an ex post implementation as a simple token-passing process. These processes can be parameterized and optimized with a quadratic number of linear constraints. With multiple items, we generalize Border’s characterization and give algorithms for optimizing interim and implementing ex post allocation rules. These implementations have a simple form; they are randomizations over greedy mechanisms that serve types in a given order.
Supports' Perspectives on the Social Experiences of College Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Prohn Seb M. , Kelley Kelly R. , Westling David L.
Published: May 2019

Although postsecondary education (PSE) programs for students with intellectual disability (ID) have grown in recent years, there is little information about the social status of these students on an inclusive college campus. Because many college students without disability play a significant and enduring role in the functioning of PSE programs for students with ID, they provide an opportunity for insight into this question. This study used 3 peer-support focus groups (n = 15) to capture the observed social experiences of PSE students living and learning in a college community. The supports identified 4 foundational elements that determined whether students were more likely to be socially included or excluded. These elements were the campus environment, support, individual skills for developing and maintaining social relationships, and social self-determination. Recommendations are included which may assist postsecondary education programs in reducing social barriers and contribute to students' social inclusion in the college environment.
Recommendations for Inclusive Educational Practices in Mathematics for Students With Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Saunders Alicia F. , Root Jenny R. , Jimenez Bree A.
Published: May 2019

There is very limited research on inclusive mathematics instruction for students with extensive support needs (i.e., moderate to severe intellectual disability, autism, multiple disabilities) and this is a critical area of need. The purpose of this article is to propose a framework for mathematics instruction for students with extensive support needs in inclusive settings using practices that have been found effective in more restrictive settings, combined with the limited findings on effective inclusive practices for students with extensive support needs. A conceptual model for mathematics instruction for students with extensive support needs is illustrated and described. The proposed model provides guidance for collaborative teams and key stakeholders when planning for mathematics instruction in inclusive settings. Barriers to including students with extensive support needs in general education mathematics settings are discussed and recommendations for overcoming these barriers are described.
A Interação Biopsicossocial no Processo de Somatização: Interface com a Saúde Pública / Biopsychosocial Interaction in the Somatization Process: Interface with Public Health
Authors: Vieira Luzineide De Sousa dos Santos , Macêdo Moema Alves
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho investigou a relação que se estabelece entre o somático, o emocional e o social no processo de somatização, no contexto da saúde pública, mediante uma pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando como referencial teórico básico os atuais estudos da Psicossomática. Em pauta: o conceito de somatização e suas controvérsias; os padrões explicativos; os mecanismos de formação de sintomas somáticos e os fatores de risco da somatização, com ênfase naqueles relacionados ao sistema de saúde. A somatização pressupõe uma relação recíproca e concomitante, de caráter multicausal, multidimensional e integral entre os aspectos biopsicossociais, sendo o conflito, a tensão e os padrões explicativos do paciente, fatores fundamentais nesse contexto. Admitindo como objeto de atenção somente os aspectos orgânicos, profissionais de saúde favorecem à cronicidade desse problema, comprometendo a vida funcional do paciente. Este trabalho sistematiza pressupostos, acrescenta novas reflexões e sinaliza à construção de práticas mais adequadas no cuidado aos pacientes somatizadores no contexto da saúde pública.
Implantodontia: Histórico, evolução e atualidades / Implantology: History, Evolution and News
Authors: Amorim Adriana Vanderlei do , Comunian Claudio Rômulo , Ferreira Neto Milton D'Almeida , Cruz Emerson Flamarion da
Published: May 2019

O alto índice de sucesso em implantes endósseos tem sido bem documentado na literatura e a implantodontia tem se mostrado uma técnica segura e altamente reproduzível, mas, assim como qualquer outro procedimento cirúrgico o implante está sujeito a intercorrências que podem envolver fatores diversos e estes podem estar presentes em qualquer fase ou etapa do tratamento. Este trabalho aborda inicialmente uma breve revisão histórica da implantodontia, dos povos antigos com diferentes conceitos e necessidades de reposição dental aos tempos modernos com a presença dos implantes dentários e a osseointegração. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram um bom índice de osseointegração de implantes realizados e reforçaram a importância de adequado planejamento inicial antes de uma intervenção cirúrgica por mais segura que seja a técnica empregada. Fica claro que em estudos com a análise de dados, a inclusão ou exclusão de variáveis interfere diretamente nos resultados.
Mapeamento das Atividades Técnicas desenvolvidas no CRAS do Município de Paramirim-BA / Mapping of the Technical Activities developed in the CRAS of the Municipality of Paramirim-BA
Authors: Tanajura Juliana Meira , Vale Júnior João Sotero Do , Magalhães Lucinéia Braga de Oliveira
Published: May 2019

O artigo é voltado para a rede de atenção básica, no qual encontra-se o Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) mostrando a funcionalidade do órgão dentro de um município, suas funções e programas ofertados. Apresenta como objetivo principal compreender como está o funcionamento das atividades técnicas realizadas e demandas da equipe técnica do CRAS de Pequeno Porte II do Município de Paramirim-Ba. Contamos com o aporte teórico dos manuais: Orientações Técnicas Centro de Referência de Assistência Social – CRAS, Caderno de Orientações Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família e Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos - Articulação necessária na Proteção Social Básica e Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social – MDS. A pesquisa é de caráter quantitativa, onde foi realizado um mapeamento das atividades no período de 2017 e 2018, tendo as dimensões: levantamento da equipe, atividades realizadas por equipe e das demandas social. Em suma, mostra um crescimento em algumas das atividades e a queda em outras, mas que não podem ser avaliadas isoladamente sugerindo assim o fluxograma para demonstrar uma possível ampliação de carga horária para atendimentos integrais sem que o CRAS local fique descoberto quando uma equipe estiver em visita técnica. Contudo, com equilíbrio das atividades prestadas pela equipe do órgão a tendência é maior para a busca da superação da situação de vulnerabilidade social, autonomia e emancipação das famílias.
Capacitação de Gestores e Fiscais de Contratos Administrativos / Training of Managers and Taxes of Administrative Contracts
Authors: Egashira Fabiana De Possídio , Caffé Filho Hesler Piedade
Published: May 2019

Gerenciar e fiscalizar os contratos e convênios administrativos não se mostra tarefa fácil. A carga de responsabilidade imposta ao agente público quando da criação, gestão e fiscalização, bem como do atendimento aos princípios e conteúdos normativos deve estar proporcionalmente equiparada ao dever da Administração de aparelhar, assessorar e capacitar esses servidores. Para tal, o objetivo é o de mostrar a necessidade de capacitação dos gestores e fiscais de contratos e convênios administrativos com o objetivo de diminuir a incidência de inobservâncias de irregularidades na execução contratual, visto que pode trazer prejuízos à Administração bem como a responsabilização civil e/ou criminal do agente praticante do ato arraigado de vício.
Analysis of digital images with DStretch as a support for the virtual restoration of an historical mural painting in San Cristóbal de La Laguna
Authors: Fuentes-Porto Alba , Soto-Martín Ovidia , Martin-Gutierrez Jorge
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes the use of the DStretch image analysis tool applied to the study and formal analysis of eighteenth-century mural paintings in the San Agustín Church of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, a World Heritage city in Spain. Thanks to the technification of digital documentation, it has been possible to recover virtually this pictorial group that currently is almost completely lost due to a fire occurred in 1964. A work methodology that aims to achieve a reliable and rigorous recreation is proposed, supported by free software DStretch. This tool, which is conceived for research on rock art, is based on decorrelation processes, used in digital image treatment, which improve the readability of an image. The method offers an interesting applicability to the study of the historical mural painting analyzed and enhance the objectivity of its virtual reintegration.
Detergensi Natrium Dodesilbenzen Sulfonat dengan Penambahan Natrium Tripolifosfat dan Variasi pH
Authors: Briyanto Briyanto , Arnelli Arnelli , Suseno Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Detergensi dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan natrium tripolifosfat dan mengatur pH pada saat pencucian. Detergensi yang dipelajari adalah detergensi natrium dodesilbenzen sulfonat hasil sintesis. Natrium dodesilbenzen sulfonat diperoleh dengan reaksi alkilasi, sulfonasi dan netralisasi. Produk dianalisis menggunakan FTIR dan uji detergensi produk dilakukan dengan mencuci kain katun dengan ukuran 10x10 cm yang telah dikotori dengan kotoran standar tanpa dan dengan penambahan natrium tripolifosfat dan variasi pH. Produk sintesis yang diperoleh berupa kristal abu- abu sebanyak 2,83 gram (rendemen 48,38 %). Pada uji detergensi, diperoleh bahwa daya detergensi optimum dari natrium dodesilbenzen sulfonat pada penambahan 70% natrium tripolifosfat. Semakin bertambahnya pH, semakin meningkatkan detergensi dan maksimum pada pH = 11,5
Isolasi Enzim L-Asparaginase dari Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) dan Uji Potensi terhadap Kultur Sel Leukemia Tipe K562
Authors: Puspitasari Oktarina , Wuryanti Wuryanti
Published: May 2019

Enzim L-Asparaginase merupakan enzim yang menghidrolisis L-asparagin menjadi asam L-aspartat dan amonia. L-Asparaginase dapat digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit kanker, yang bekerja dengan cara menghambat sintesis protein sel kanker tanpa merusak sel normal. Salah satu tumbuhan sumber L-Asparaginase adalah temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengisolasi L-Asparaginase dari rimpang temulawak, menentukan nilai aktivitas spesifik enzim L-Asparaginase hasil isolasi, dan mengetahui potensi antikanker enzim L-Asparaginase hasil isolasi terhadap sel leukemia tipe K562. Isolasi dan uji potensi enzim L-Asparaginase dari rimpang temulawak dilakukan beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu isolasi dan pemurnian parsial enzim L-Asparaginase dari rimpang temulawak. Tahap kedua yaitu uji aktivitas spesifik enzim L-Asparaginase pada kondisi optimum (suhu 37°C, pH 8,6, dan waktu inkubasi 30 menit). Pada enzim dengan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi dilakukan uji antikanker terhadap sel leukemia tipe K562 dengan metode viabilitas sel dengan penambahan MTT dan pengukuran menggunakan ELISA Reader. Enzim L-Asparaginase dari rimpang temulawak mempunyai aktivitas spesifik sebesar 77,18 unit/mg protein pada fraksi 4 (fraksi dengan tingkat kejenuhan 60-80%). Namun fraksi 4 tersebut kurang potensial untuk aktivitas antikanker sel leukemia tipe K562 karena diperoleh LC50 sebesar 534,89 µg/mL, sedangkan standart suatu senyawa bioaktif sebagai antikanker adalah LC50≤ 20 µg/mL.
Modifikasi Silika Gel dari Abu Sekam Padi dengan γ-Glycidoxyopropyltrimethoxysilane dan Mercaptobenzothiazole untuk Adsorpsi Logam Kadmium(II)
Authors: Kurnia Sari Erna , Azmiyawati Choiril , Taslimah Taslimah
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan modifikasi permukaan silika gel yang disintesis dari abu sekam padi menggunakan Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) dengan agen penghubung γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-GPTMS) untuk mengadsorpsi Cd2+ dalam medium air. Sintesis silika gel termodifikasi Mercaptobenzothiazole dilakukan melalui pembuatan natrium silikat, pembentukan silika gel, pengikatan gugus epoksi dan MBT pada silika gel, dan adsorbsi silika gel pada logam Cd2+. Modifikasi silika gel dilakukan dengan tiga variasi urutan penambahan reagen pada kisaran pH campuran 5,5-5,8. Variasi pertama, silika gel ditambahkan ligan MBT yang telah direaksikan dengan γ-GPTMS, variasi kedua silika gel ditambahkan dengan ligan MBT yang telah bereaksi dengan γ-GPTMS dan variasi ketiga dilakukan dengan pencampuran simultan larutan natrium silikat dengan HCl 6M dan ligan MBT yang telah diikatkan dengan γ-GPTMS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa modifikasi permukaan silika gel yang disintesis dari abu sekam padi menggunakan Mercaptobenzothiazole dengan agen penghubung γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane dapat dilakukan. Diperoleh pula bahwa adsorben kedua memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi terhadap Cd2+ yang lebih besar daripada adsorben pertama dan ketiga, yaitu 0,108 mmol/gram.
Penentuan Waktu Optimum Reaksi Reduksi Metil Laurat Minyak Kelapa Menggunakan NaBH4
Authors: Diana Hanna Niela , Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana , Arnelli Arnelli
Published: May 2019

Surfaktan natrium lauril sulfat dapat disintesis dari metil laurat yang dapat diisolasi dari minyak kelapa jenis VCO. Pada penelitian ini, VCO ditransesterifikasi dengan metanol untuk menghasilkan metil ester dengan menggunakan NaOH sebagai katalis. Metil laurat dipisahkan berdasarkan perbedaan titik leleh. Metil laurat yang telah diisolasi direduksi untuk menghasilkan lauril alkohol dengan NaBH4 sebagai agen pereduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk reduksi dan menentukan waktu optimum reaksi reduksi menggunakan agen pereduksi NaBH4. Variabel yang diamati adalah waktu reaksi reduksi (3, 4, 5, dan 6 jam). Pada penelitian ini, waktu optimum diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 4 jam dengan berat produk 0,7044 g dan derajat reduksi sebesar 98%.
Aktivitas Trichoderma viride Fncc6013 dalam Menghidrolisis Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa Paradisiaca L. Var. Sapientum) dengan Variasi Waktu Fermentasi
Authors: Aribowo Sandi Sutopo , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria , Mulyani Nies Suci
Published: May 2019

Trichoderma viride merupakan jamur selulolitik yang menghasilkan enzim kompleks selulase yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan kimia dari selulosa menjadi glukosa. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride dipengaruhi oleh waktu fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang telah diadaptasikan pada media fermentasi kulit pisang raja dan memperoleh data kadar gula pereduksi dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja pada variasi waktu fermentasi. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari delignifikasi kulit pisang raja, sterilisasi alat dan bahan, pembuatan media fermentasi, peremajaan jamur Trichoderma viride, dan uji aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja dengan variasi waktu fermentasi. Trichoderma viride dapat tumbuh pada media fermentasi kulit pisang raja. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis kulit pisang raja optimum pada waktu fermentasi hari ke-7 dengan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 41,40 mg/L
Pengkayaan Alkohol Ciu Bekonang dengan Metode Destilasi Adsorptif Menggunakan Zeolit Alam dan Silika Gel
Authors: Fibriari Ira , Gunawan Gunawan , Hastuti Rum
Published: May 2019

Pemakaian energi dalam sektor transportasi di dunia terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan populasi penduduk. Untuk mengimbangi tingkat permintaan sumber energi yang ada, terutama minyak bumi, salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang dibutuhkan adalah etanol. Namun, dengan adanya peralihan menggunakan bahan bakar alternatif tersebut menyebabkan kebutuhan alkohol di beberapa negara meningkat sehingga perlu pemanfaatan alkohol seefektif mungkin. Ciu Bekonang merupakan minuman tradisional khas Solo dari fermentasi tetes tebu yang mempunyai kadar alkohol masih rendah, yaitu ±30% yang selama ini belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan hanya digunakan sebagai minuman keras. Penelitian yang dilakukan akan mengkaji pengkayaan alkohol dari Ciu Bekonang secara destilasi adsorptif menggunakan zeolit alam dan silika gel sebagai adsorben. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa destilasi adsorptif menggunakan zeolit alam dan silika gel sebagai adsorben mampu meningkatkan kadar etanol dari Ciu Bekonang, diperoleh kemurnian etanol tertinggi dengan zeolit alam dan silika gel berturut-turut adalah 76% dan 91,61%. Penggunaan silika gel sebagai adsorben lebih efektif dan selektif menyerap air daripada zeolit alam.
HUBUNGAN INDIKATOR OBESITAS DENGAN KAPASITAS VITAL PARU PADA REMAJA AKHIR
Authors: Haznawati Nur Dian , Probosari Enny , Fitranti Deny Yudi
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang : Obesitas meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguanfungsi paru-paru. Hal ini berkaitan dengan penumpukan lemak di beberapa bagian tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan beberapa indikator obesitas dengan kapasitas vital paru pada remaja akhir. Metode : Studi cross sectional dengan metode simple random samplingterhadap 29 subjek mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Pengambilan data berupa karakteristik subjek menggunakan kuisioner dan wawancara, IMT dan lingkar pinggang menggunakan metode antropometri, persentase lemak tubuh dan lemak visceral menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, dan kapasitas vital paru menggunakan MIR Spirolab II. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil :Nilai kapasitas vital paru 51,72% subjek dalam kategori kurang baik. Sebanyak 44,83% subjek memiliki IMT melebihi batas normal, 17,24% subjek memiliki lingkar pinggang berisiko, dan 10,34% subjek memiliki lemak visceral berlebih. Persentase lemak tubuh 58,62% subjek dalam kategori berlebih. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara IMT, lingkar pinggang, persentase lemak tubuh dan lemak visceral dengan kapasitas vital paru pada remaja akhir.Simpulan : Tidak terdapat hubunganIMT, lingkar pinggang, persentase lemak tubuh, dan lemak visceral dengan kapasitas vital paru pada remaja akhir.
BRIEF OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING FOR INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Harsritanto Bangun IR , Putra Gentina Pratama , Jamila Rona Fika
Published: May 2019

Building information modelling (BIM) is a system that integrates multi-dimensional aspects of construction project at every phase. Simply said BIM unified all project databases from and to all stakeholders. This system still continuously developed and widely spread on each countries construction projects. In architecture, the BIM has been revolute the human resource requirements on the projects. Indonesia as developing country is still performing transitions from large worker project into more compact projects; from centralized projects into decentralized project. The BIM system has been a mandatory in several Indonesia big infrastructure projects to plan, simulate, design and deliver databases for making more quick decision making and improve the facilities. This paper aim is describing the benefit-challenge factors of BIM adoption on Indonesia architecture projects and the potential driving factors of BIM application. This study was qualitative paradigm with analysis method of selected literatures and previous research paper review which stratified by the cases. The results of this study are BIM bring the high efficiency and represent the complete skills for an architect. However the high initial cost of technology and human investment, the unsupported regulation and conventional system resistant challenged the Indonesia architecture society to adopt BIM. Furthermore the Indonesia architecture education is still struggling to learn and teach the BIM as an integral part in studio as the agent of change.
Elektroniczne systemy antyplagiatowe jako narzędzie wykrywania przypadków plagiatu w pracach studentów i pracowników naukowych
Authors: Skrzypczak Jędrzej
Published: May 2019

Masowość kształcenia akademickiego, a zwłaszcza możliwość łatwego dostępu do ogromnego bogactwa źródeł i opracowań dostępnych w internecie, spowodowały, że przypadki naruszenia praw autorskich są nagminne. Począwszy od 1 października 2014 r. szkoły wyższe w Polsce zostały zobowiązane do sprawdzania pisemnych prac dyplomowych przed egzaminem dyplomowym z wykorzystaniem programów antyplagiatowych współpracujących z ogólnopolskim repozytorium pisemnych prac dyplomowych. Artykuł podejmuje próbę wyjaśnienia wątpliwości w jaki sposób te systemy informatyczne funkcjonują i jakie jest ich znaczenie, jeżeli chodzi o konsekwencje prawne wykrytych niedopuszczalnych zapożyczyć. Poruszono kwestię prawa cytatu w polskim prawie autorskim. Komputerowe programy antyplagiatowe są instrumentem przydatnym, ale nie idealnym. Z pewnością żaden z promotorów lub recenzentów pracy naukowej nie jest w stanie stwierdzić wszystkich zapożyczeń z cudzych utworów, co przy pomocy tych systemów jest możliwe. Wśród wad należy wymienić - mimo wszystko - ciągle wąską bazę materiałów porównawczych. Istnieją także łatwe sposoby oszukania systemu. Co jednak istotniejsze, systemy te nie uwzględniają do końca specyfiki i istoty ochrony praw autorskich. Rozwiązanie to może być użyteczne, bowiem pomagające wykryć nieetyczne praktyki. Jednak koniecznie wymaga zweryfikowania przez promotora.
Konkurencja a ochrona autorskich dóbr intelektualnych w Unii Europejskiej. Wybrane zagadnienia na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości
Authors: Oleksiuk Inga
Published: May 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest krytyczny przegląd orzeczeń Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej w obszarze prawa autorskiego i prawa antymonopolowego. Celem podjętych w tym zakresie studiów jest rozpoznanie głównych problemów i przedstawienie kierunków wykładni określających zasady stosowania wspólnotowych reguł konkurencji w obrocie autorskimi dobrami intelektualnymi. W świetle badanego orzecznictwa określenie zasad prawa własności, w tym praw wyłącznych należy do prawa krajowego. TS uznał jednak, że należy rozróżniać pomiędzy istnieniem a wykonywaniem praw wyłącznych, przy czym wykonywanie praw może w „szczególnych okolicznościach” być uznane za nieuzasadnione ograniczenie konkurencji. W artykule odniesiono się do orzeczeń TS mających na celu sprecyzowanie pojęcia: „szczególnych okoliczności”. Następnie zwrócono uwagę, że ograniczenia w zakresie wolnego handlu i konkurencji na rynku wewnętrznym mogą być uzasadnione z uwagi na niezbędne dla rozwoju twórczości, a przy tym ryzykowne inwestycje. Ponadto, TS uznał, że rozwój konkurencji w badanym obszarze wymaga uwzględnienia specyfiki dobra, jakim jest utwór oraz zróżnicowanych uwarunkowań kulturowych i społeczno-gospodarczych określających zasady obrotu dobrami intelektualnymi w każdym z Państw Członkowskich.
Impregnation of Fibrous Materials with Lc Polyesters and Blends on Their Base
Authors: Kotomin S. V. , Antonov S. V. , Dreval V. E. , Kerber M. L. , Kulichikhin V. G.
Published: May 2019

Impregnation and infiltration of fibrous materials by LC copolyester melts and the blends with viscous thermo-plastic polysulphone were quantitatively described as unsteady and steady stages in terms of rheological characteristics of the melts using an equivalent capillary model. Addition of LC polyester to viscous thermoplastic melt noticeably enhances impregnation condition. Study of the melt flow through various capillaries demonstrated a development of the melt slippage at high shear rate along the capillary walls. Slippage phenomena may be important at the initial stage of impregnation but can be neglected for final stage due to low shear rate in the last case. On the other hand, at those conditions a yield stress of the melt may considerably complicate the impregnation process due to a drastic viscosity increase.
Rheology of Reactive Polymer Blends: Separation of Mixing and Reatcion Steps
Authors: Muller R. , Bouquey M. , Mauguière F. , Schlatter G. , Serra C. , Terrisse J.
Published: May 2019

The crosslinking reaction in various types of polymer blends was followed by rheological measurements. Miscible polymers with controlled glass transition temperature, chain length and number of functional units per chain were synthesized by bulk radical copolymerization. Other experiments were carried out on immiscible systems based on commercial polymers. Blends were either prepared in a batch mixer or directly in the parallel-plate geometry of a rotational rheometer. Due to the low glass transition or melting temperature of most blend components, it was usually possible to separate the mixing step which was carried out at low temperature from the crosslinking reaction which was followed by small amplitude dynamic measurements at higher temperatures. The influence of several parameters on the reaction was studied, in particular : the reaction temperature, the amount of shear during the mixing step (or mixing time), the number of functional units per chain in each blend component and the blend composition. For the miscible blends, a master curve for the dependence of the elastic modulus G’ as a function of reaction time could be drawn for different functionalities and blend compositions.
Rheological Characterization of Bentonite Suspensions and Oil-In-Water Emulsions Loaded With Bentonite
Authors: Bekkour K. , Ern H. , Scrivener O.
Published: May 2019

With stress controlled rheometer we investigate the behavior for different concentrations, of paraffin oil-in-water emulsions, bentonite suspensions as well as charged bentonite emulsions. We were particularly interested in how aging affects the rheological properties. Using a structural model, we correlate the macroscopic experimental results to the fluid microstructure characteristic parameters and we calculate the emulsions and suspensions mean characteristic unit size. The comparison of these mean particle diameters with those obtained by microscopy and light-scattering measurements confirms the soundness of such procedure to estimate the structural characteristics, the effective concentrations and the effective mean particle diameter of oil-in-water emulsions and bentonite suspensions.
Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties of Organic / Inorganic Fibres Reinforced lldpe Composites in Molten State
Authors: Kitano Takeschi , Hashmi S.A.R. , Chand Navin
Published: May 2019

Dynamic rheological parameters such as storage modulus, G’, loss modulus, G”, and dynamic viscosity, h’, at 200°C were studied for Kevlar fibres, glass fibres and their hybrids reinforced linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). Parallel plate rheometer was employed for these tests. G’, G” and h’ increased with the increased reinforcement and angular frequency, w. Two sets of reinforcement, 10 and 20 vol.% of fibres are used in LLDPE. The composition of fibres in hybrid composites was varied. The replacement of glass fibres with Kevlar increases the values of G’, G” and h’. The values of these rheological parameters also increased with the thickness of the composite. This increase was associated with the decreased average orientation of fibres present in the composite. The effects of the change in strain amplitude on G’ and G” is also studied and reported here.