bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliable and secure memristor-based chaotic communication against eavesdroppers and untrusted foundries
Authors: Vishwakarma Rahul , Monani Ravi , Hedayatipour Ava , Rezaei Amin
Published: March 2023

Chaos is a deterministic phenomenon that occurs in a non-linear dynamic system under specific condition when the trajectories of the state vector become periodic and extremely sensitive to the initial conditions. While traditional resistor-based chaotic communications are primarily concerned with the safe transfer of information across networks, the transceivers themselves can be compromised due to outsource manufacturing. With the growth of wireless sensors in resource-constrained implantable and wearable devices, chaotic communication may be a good fit if the information transmitted is reliable and the transmitter devices are secure. We believe that memristor, as the fourth fundamental two-terminal circuit element, can close the gap between reliable communication and secure manufacturing since its resistance can be programmed and saved by the designer and not the foundry. Thus, in this paper, we propose a memristor-based Chua’s chaotic transceiver that is both reliable in the presence of eavesdroppers and secure against untrusted foundries. Specifically, we consider the pair of transmitter and receiver under the same memristor value to show the possibility of uninterrupted communication as well as cases where different values of memristors are used to find out the possible range in which the message can still be meaningfully decoded. Experimental results confirm that both reliable communication and secure design can be achieved via our proposed memristor-based chaos transceivers.
arHateDetector: detection of hate speech from standard and dialectal Arabic Tweets
Authors: Khezzar Ramzi , Moursi Abdelrahman , Al Aghbari Zaher
Published: March 2023

Hate speech has become a phenomenon on social media platforms, such as Twitter. These websites and apps that were initially designed to facilitate our expression of free speech, are sometimes being used to spread hate towards each other. In the Arab region, Twitter is a very popular social media platform and thus the number of tweets that contain hate speech is increasing rapidly. Many tweets are written either in standard, dialectal Arabic, or mix. Existing work on Arabic hate speech are targeted towards either standard or single dialectal text, but not both. To fight hate speech more efficiently, in this paper, we conducted extensive experiments to investigate Arabic hate speech in tweets. Therefore, we propose a framework, called arHateDetector, that detects hate speech in the Arabic text of tweets. The proposed arHateDetector supports both standard and several dialectal Arabic. A large Arabic hate speech dataset, called arHateDataset, was compiled from several Arabic standard and dialectal tweets. The tweets are preprocessed to remove the unwanted content. We investigated the use of recent machine learning and deep learning models such as AraBERT to detect hate speech. All classification models used in the investigation are trained with the compiled dataset. Our experiments shows that AraBERT outperformed the other models producing the best performance across seven different datasets including the compiled arHateDataset with an accuracy of 93%. CNN and LinearSVC produced 88% and 89% respectively.
A recent regulatory storm in China: theoretical interpretation and applicability
Authors: Zhang Youyi , Gong Sen
Published: March 2023

While the recent “regulatory storm” in China has attracted attention from media, academia, and policy makers both in China and overseas, there lacks theoretical interpretation of Chinese central government’s major regulatory practices. Based on the review on global reflection of the shortcomings of the current market economy system and China’s own market economy practices, this article argues that China’s strengthening of market regulation is based on a people-centered paradigm of the state-market relationship that takes into account both efficient market and effective government and that is consistent with the international framework to improve the market economy system, in particular the stakeholder economy. To support the argument, this article illustrates China’s “regulatory storm” in terms of corporate governance, environmental goals, social impacts, adverse consequences, and employee rights with reference to cases from sectors affected by the “regulatory storm”. Moreover, China’s recent regulatory measures reflect the effectiveness of the “strong government” in rapidly rectifying market order and are in line with the global trend of building a new market system, which is worthy of reference for other Asian countries with similar political and economic contexts.
Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies
Authors: Gillings Mathew , Mautner Gerlinde , Baker Paul
Published: March 2023

The breadth and spread of corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS) indicate its usefulness for exploring language use within a social context. However, its theoretical foundations, limitations, and epistemological implications must be considered so that we can adjust our research designs accordingly. This Element offers a compact guide to which corpus linguistic tools are available and how they can contribute to finding out more about discourse. It will appeal to researchers both new and experienced, within the CADS community and beyond.
Cargo carrying with an inertial squirmer in a Newtonian fluid
Authors: Ouyang Zhenyu , Lin Zhaowu , Lin Jianzhong , Yu Zhaosheng , Phan-Thien Nhan
Published: March 2023

We numerically investigate the hydrodynamics of a spherical swimmer carrying a rigid cargo in a Newtonian fluid. This swimmer model, a ‘squirmer’, which is self-propelled by generating tangential surface waves, is simulated by a direct-forcing fictitious domain method (DF-FDM). We consider the effects of swimming Reynolds numbers (Re) (based on the radius and the swimming speed of the squirmers), the assembly models (related to the cargo shapes, the relative distances (ds) and positions between the squirmer and the cargo) on the assembly's locomotion. We find that the ‘pusher-cargo’ (pusher behind the cargo) model swims significantly faster than the remaining three models at the finite Re adopted in this study; the term ‘pusher’ indicates that the object is propelled from the rear, as opposed to ‘puller’, from the front. Both the ‘pusher-cargo’ and ‘cargo-pusher’ (pusher in front of the cargo) assemblies with an oblate cargo swim faster than the corresponding assemblies with a spherical or prolate cargo. In addition, the pusher-cargo model is significantly more efficient than the other models, and a larger ds yields a smaller carrying hydrodynamic efficiency η for the pusher-cargo model, but a greater η for the cargo-pusher model. We also illustrate the assembly swimming stability, finding that the ‘puller-cargo’ (puller behind the cargo) model is stable more than the ‘cargo-puller’ (puller in front of the cargo) model, and the assembly with a larger ds yields more unstable swimming.
Employee proactive behaviors and LMX from a reverse lens perspective: the mediator role of leader perceived constructiveness
Authors: Shih Hsi-An , Nguyen Tuong-Vy
Published: March 2023

Drawing on social resources theory and social exchange theory, we propose that two forms of employee proactive behaviors, namely voice and taking charge, influence a leader's perception of their employees and hence affect the interpersonal relationships within the dyad. We introduce an expanded construct, termed as the leader perceived constructiveness, as a mediating mechanism that links the effects. We further propose two conditional factors that also govern the effects. Pairwise data collected from Taiwanese employees and supervisors in two separate studies provide support for the theorized hypotheses and confirm that the indirect relationship between employees' proactive behaviors and leader–member exchange (LMX) is augmented by their past performance. Our study advances the literature by adopting a more follower-centered framework. Moreover, by demonstrating how and when employee-initiated behaviors affect upwardly and improve the dyad outcome, we also contribute to the LMX literature and provide useful insights for managerial practice.
A new species and a new record of the genus Squamulea (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Pakistan
Authors: Afshan Najam-ul-Sehar , Fayyaz Iram , Iftikhar Fatima , Jabeen Maria , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: March 2023

A novel species in the genus Squamulea, S. chikarensis, is described from Himalayan moist temperate forest in Pakistan. The morphology, chemistry and ITS sequences support its distinction from other species of this genus. The taxon is characterized by a pale green to yellow thallus, large apothecia up to 0.8–1.8 mm wide, pale yellow to yellow-orange apothecial discs, a hymenium 70–110 μm high, large ascospores (12–20 × 5–11 μm) and a narrow ascospore septum (1.5–3 μm). In addition, S. flakusii is reported as new to Pakistan and Eurasia.
Sustaining an ageing population: the role of micronutrients in frailty and cognitive impairment
Authors: O'Connor Deirdre , Molloy Anne M. , Laird Eamon , Kenny Rose Anne , O'Halloran Aisling M.
Published: March 2023

Age-related frailty and cognitive decline are complex multidimensional conditions that significantly impact the ability of older adults to sustain functional capacity and independence. While underlying causes remain poorly understood, nutrition continually emerges as one associated risk element. Many studies have addressed the importance of adequate nutrition in delaying the onset of these conditions, but the specific role of micronutrients is not well established. The consideration of pre-frailty as an outcome variable is also limited in the current literature. In this review, we focus on the potential value of maintaining micronutrient sufficiency to sustaining the health of the ageing population. Using data from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing, we consider several vitamins known to have a high prevalence of low status in older adults and their impact on pre-frailty, frailty and cognitive impairment. They include vitamin B12and folate, both of which are associated with multiple biological mechanisms involved in long-term health, in particular in cognitive function; vitamin D, which has been associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders, depression and other chronic diseases; and the carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, that may help mitigate the risk of frailty and cognitive decline via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We show that low concentrations of folate and carotenoids are implicated in poorer cognitive health and that the co-occurrence of multiple nutrient deficiencies confers greatest risk for frailty and pre-frailty in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing cohort. These health associations contribute to evidence needed to optimise micronutrient status for health in the older adult population.
Species of Ergasilus von Nordmann, 1832 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) from cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Míč Robert , Řehulková Eva , Seifertová Mária
Published: March 2023

Ergasilus (von Nordmann, 1832) (Ergasilidae) is a species-rich group of parasitic copepods with a wide distribution in freshwater, marine and brackish environments. Up to now, 9 species of Ergasilus are known from cichlid fishes in Africa. In this study, 5 species, including 3 new, were collected from the gills of 12 cichlid species (11 genera: Bathybates, Ctenochromis, Eretmodus, Gnathochromis, Lamprologus, Neolamprologus, Ophthalmotilapia, Perissodus, Simochromis, Spathodus and Tanganicodus) of the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika in Burundi, namely E. macrodactylus (Sars, 1909), E. megacheir (Sars, 1909), E. caparti n. sp., E. parasarsi n. sp. and E. parvus n. sp. All species found were identified and described on the basis of adult female specimens using an integrative taxonomy approach mixing morphological characterization and molecular analyses of 2 ribosomal DNA markers (partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences). An identification key for Ergasilus species from Lake Tanganyika is included. This study provides the first molecular data for Ergasilus species in Africa. The phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Ergasilus species parasitizing Lake Tanganyikan cichlids form a well-supported clade within the Ergasilidae. However, their phylogenetic relationships with other congeners still remain unclear due to a lack of molecular data for this diverse genus.
An examination of nervous system revealed unexpected immunoreactivity of both secretory apparatus and excretory canals in plerocercoids of two broad tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea)
Authors: Barčák Daniel , Alexovič Matiašová Anna , Čisovská Bazsalovicsová Eva , Soldánová Miroslava , Oros Mikuláš , Králová-Hromadová Ivica
Published: March 2023

Dibothriocephalus ditremus and Dibothriocephalus latus are diphyllobothriidean tapeworms autochthonous to Europe. Their larval stages (plerocercoids) may seriously alter health of their intermediate fish hosts (D. ditremus) or cause intestinal diphyllobothriosis of the final human host (D. latus). Despite numerous data on the internal structure of broad tapeworms, many aspects of the morphology and physiology related to host–parasite co-existence remain unclear for these 2 species. The main objective of this work was to elucidate functional morphology of the frontal part (scolex) of plerocercoids, which is crucial for their establishment in fish tissues and for an early attachment in final hosts. The whole-mount specimens were labelled with different antibodies and examined by confocal microscope to capture their complex 3-dimensional microanatomy. Both species exhibited similar general pattern of immunofluorescent signal, although some differences were observed. In the nervous system, FMRF amide-like immunoreactivity (IR) occurred in the bi-lobed brain, 2 main nerve cords and surrounding nerve plexuses. Differences between the species were found in the structure of the brain commissures and the size of the sensilla. Synapsin IR examined in D. ditremus occurred mainly around FMRF amide-like IR brain lobes and main cords. The unexpected finding was an occurrence of FMRF amide-like IR in terminal reservoirs of secretory gland ducts and excretory canals, which has not been observed previously in any tapeworm species. This may indicate that secretory/excretory products, which play a key role in host–parasite relationships, are likely to contain FMRF amide-related peptide/s.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITIES AT CHICHEN ITZA: A FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF STRUCTURE 2D6
Authors: Fernández Souza Lilia , Hernández Álvarez Héctor , Zimmermann Mario
Published: March 2023

The structure of power underlying the hegemonic control Chichen Itza held over the Northern Maya Lowlands has been debated for decades. In this article, we present the idea of a dominant discourse on masculinities, which played a fundamental role in both practice and on a symbolic level among the strategies designed to support this emblematic pre-Columbian capital. Our discussion of archaeological evidence will focus on spaces where men are represented, where they would meet and carry out rituals. We contend that gallery-patios such as Structure 2D6 served as instruction and socialization locales for groups of warriors. The architectural configuration of this building is very similar to a series of venues at Chichen Itza and other Mesoamerican cities. In these spaces, associated iconography depicts male individuals in processions and ritual practice, including sacrifice and self-sacrifice. We argue that the gallery of Structure 2D6 was a semi-public, performative space, whose theatricality combined the central alignment of a sacrificial stone and a throne or altar with the presence of several patolli boards carved into the building's plaster floor. Chemical analyses of plastered surfaces testify to intense activities taking place around all three of these features.
HEADS, SKULLS, AND SACRED SCAFFOLDS. NEW STUDIES ON RITUAL BODY PROCESSING AND DISPLAY IN CHICHEN ITZA AND BEYOND
Authors: Tiesler Vera , Miller Virginia E.
Published: March 2023

Chichen Itza stands as a monumental landmark of late Pre-Columbian Maya and Mesoamerican religious complexes. Among the enigmatic aspects of Chichen Itza's ceremonial innovations count skull racks (known as tzompantli in Nahuatl), where the heads of sacrificed victims would be exhibited. Here we combine the scrutiny of death imagery and human skeletal remains, including skulls with marks of bilateral or basal impalement and mandibles with perimortem decapitation from “New” Chichen, the Osario complex, and from Chichen's astronomical Caracol complex. Our combined skeletal and iconographic data confirm the increased practice of corpse processing and head exhibition at Chichen Itza when compared to Classic-period Maya centers. Most of these body treatments were not foreign introductions, as generally believed, but followed local practices, long carried out at the Yucatecan urban centers of Nohpat, Kabah, Uxmal, and Dzibilchaltun. Although on a minor scale compared to Chichen, these demonstrate the display of human body segments, not only skulls, which renders the term tzompantli problematic. In the context of the totalitarian rhetoric of Chichen's central spaces, the massified violence and corpse display herald late religious cults at the cadences of battles won, astronomical cycles, and the perpetual movement of the Feathered Serpent.
Reflections on the Victorian(ist) Impulse to Totalize Africa
Authors: Wisnicki Adrian S.
Published: March 2023

In this presentation, I offer some reflections on how Victorianists might understand nineteenth- and early twentieth-century discursive practices for mapping Africa. I introduce and problematize a series of Victorian-era maps or, more specifically, problematize what such maps represent conceptually, then offer some alternate means by which Victorianists might critically engage with cultural social, and political reality on the nineteenth-century African continent, particularly the more southern and eastern parts of the continent where much of my prior research has focused.
Triangulating Translation: Why Place Matters in Interlingual Encounters
Authors: Bubb Alexander
Published: March 2023

This brief position paper argues for the importance of understanding Victorian translations, in particular English translations from Asian languages, in relation to the specific places where they were produced and where they were read.
Analysis and design of weak coupling coupler based on the half mode substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: You Minghui , Liu Guohua , Cheng Zhiqun
Published: March 2023

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology represents a good solution for the design of couplers. Coupler structures proposed in most relevant reports cannot achieve excellent performance in the case of weak coupling. This work proposes a new weak coupling coupler architecture, similar to the branch line coupler. The metal via arrays is used to reshape the electric field distribution of the SIW structure, making the overall structure achieve weak coupling characteristics. The even-odd mode decomposition method analyzes this structure's equivalent transmission line model. For this purpose, a systematic design procedure is deployed to achieve several coupling values over a wide frequency bandwidth. A novel half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) coupler with a 29 dB coupling is designed and fabricated for verification based on the proposed method. Good agreements between the calculated and simulated results are observed. The proposed coupler has the advantage of high directivity within the broadband and can be used for SIW-based circuits and power detection in the Ku-band.
Climate change and the challenge to liberalism
Authors: Kang Susan , Havercroft Jonathan , Eisler Jacob , Wiener Antje , Shaw Jo
Published: March 2023

In this editorial, we consider the ways in which liberal constitutionalism is challenged by and presents challenges to the climate crisis facing the world. Over recent decades, efforts to mitigate the climate crisis have generated a new set of norms for states and non-state actors, including regulatory norms (emission standards, carbon regulations), organising principles (common but differentiated responsibility) and fundamental norms (climate justice, intergenerational rights, human rights). However, like all norms, these remain contested. Particularly in light of their global reach, their specific behavioural implications and interpretations and the related obligations to act remain debatable and the overwhelming institutionalization of the neoliberal market economy makes clear and effective responses to climate change virtually impossible within liberal societies.
Biofeedback und Neurofeedback
Authors: Martin Alexandra , Schmidt Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Biofeedback beschreibt eine technikbasierte verhaltenstherapeutische Methode, bei der objektiv messbare Biosignale erfasst und an Patientinnen und Patienten zurückgemeldet werden, um sie zur Selbstregulation von Krankheitssymptomen zu befähigen. Eingesetzt werden kann die Methode bei verschiedenen somatischen und psychischen Störungen, z. B. zur Verringerung muskulärer Verspannungen bei Schmerzstörungen, zur Verengung von Blutgefäßen bei Migräne, zur Steigerung der mit Aufmerksamkeit assoziierten Gehirnaktivität bei ADHS oder zur Verbesserung der allgemeinen Entspannungsfähigkeit.
Dieses Buch beschreibt die wissenschaftlichen und psychophysiologischen Hintergründe von Biofeedback und der spezifischen Variante des Neurofeedback, welches auf der Messung der Gehirnaktivität beruht. Neben den angenommenen Wirkmechanismen und vielfältigen Varianten des Biofeedbacks auf Basis unterschiedlicher Biosignale und Körpersysteme, z. B. Herz-Kreislauf-System, Muskelsystem, autonomes und zentrales Nervensystem, wird die zugrunde liegende Messtechnik erklärt. Zusätzlich werden der typische Aufbau von Biofeedback-Sitzungen, die zugehörige Diagnostik sowie Standardprotokolle dargestellt. Das Vorgehen wird anhand von Fallbeispielen verschiedener Störungsbilder veranschaulicht. Erläuterungen zu typischen Anwendungsproblemen sollen ebenso zum Einsatz dieser vielseitigen Methode in der therapeutischen Praxis motivieren, wie der ausführliche Überblick über die aktuelle Evidenz für Biofeedback. Das Buch ist damit eine Bereicherung für therapeutisch arbeitende Personen, die dieses auf objektiven Messungen basierende Verfahren einsetzen wollen, um ihr Behandlungsspektrum zu erweitern.
Multiplexed DNA-functionalized graphene sensor with artificial intelligence-based discrimination performance for analyzing chemical vapor compositions
Authors: Hwang Yun Ji , Yu Heejin , Lee Gilho , Shackery Iman , Seong Jin , Jung Youngmo , Sung Seung-Hyun , Choi Jongeun , Jun Seong Chan
Published: March 2023

This study presents a new technology that can detect and discriminate individual chemical vapors to determine the chemical vapor composition of mixed chemical composition in situ based on a multiplexed DNA-functionalized graphene (MDFG) nanoelectrode without the need to condense the original vapor or target dilution. To the best of our knowledge, our artificial intelligence (AI)-operated arrayed electrodes were capable of identifying the compositions of mixed chemical gases with a mixed ratio in the early stage. This innovative technology comprised an optimized combination of nanodeposited arrayed electrodes and artificial intelligence techniques with advanced sensing capabilities that could operate within biological limits, resulting in the verification of mixed vapor chemical components. Highly selective sensors that are tolerant to high humidity levels provide a target for “breath chemovapor fingerprinting” for the early diagnosis of diseases. The feature selection analysis achieved recognition rates of 99% and above under low-humidity conditions and 98% and above under humid conditions for mixed chemical compositions. The 1D convolutional neural network analysis performed better, discriminating the compositional state of chemical vapor under low- and high-humidity conditions almost perfectly. This study provides a basis for the use of a multiplexed DNA-functionalized graphene gas sensor array and artificial intelligence-based discrimination of chemical vapor compositions in breath analysis applications.
Zinc hybrid sintering for printed transient sensors and wireless electronics
Authors: Fumeaux N. , Briand D.
Published: March 2023

Transient electronics offer a promising solution for reducing electronic waste and for use in implantable bioelectronics, yet their fabrication remains challenging. We report on a scalable method that synergistically combines chemical and photonic mechanisms to sinter printed Zn microparticles. Following reduction of the oxide layer using an acidic solution, zinc particles are agglomerated into a continuous layer using a flash lamp annealing treatment. The resulting sintered Zn patterns exhibit electrical conductivity values as high as 5.62 × 106 S m−1. The electrical conductivity and durability of the printed zinc traces enable the fabrication of biodegradable sensors and LC circuits: temperature, strain, and chipless wireless force sensors, and radio-frequency inductive coils for remote powering. The process allows for reduced photonic energy to be delivered to the substrate and is compatible with temperature-sensitive polymeric and cellulosic substrates, enabling new avenues for the additive manufacturing of biodegradable electronics and transient implants.
Probing the link between cortical inhibitory and excitatory processes and muscle fascicle dynamics
Authors: Lauber Benedikt , Taube Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

During movements, neural signals are translated into muscle fibre shortening, lengthening or they remain isometric. This study investigated cortical excitatory and inhibitory processes in relation to muscle fascicle dynamics during fixed-end rapid contractions. Fourteen adults performed submaximal and maximal ankle dorsiflexions. Single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the cortical representation projecting to the tibialis anterior (TA) was applied during rest, the activation and deactivation phase of contractions to test for short- (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Ultrasound images were taken to measure muscle fascicle dynamics of the superficial (TASF) and deep (TADP) TA compartments. The results show significantly greater maximal shortening velocities (p = 0.003, d = 0.26, CI [4.89, 18.52]) and greater maximal fascicle shortening (p = 0.003, d = 0.86, CI [0.29, 3.13]) in TASF than TADP during submaximal dorsiflexions. Significantly lower SICI levels during activation compared to deactivation (p = 0.019, d = 1.12, CI [19.82, 1.76]) and at rest (p < 0.0001) were observed. ICF was significantly greater during activation (p = 0.03) than during rest while LICI did not modulate significantly. Maximal TASF but not TADP shortening velocity correlated with SICI levels at activation (p = 0.06) and with the rate of torque development (p = 0.02). The results suggest that SICI might be related to muscle fascicle behavior and that intracortical inhibition and excitation are phase-dependently modulated.
Spectrotemporal content of human auditory working memory represented in functional connectivity patterns
Authors: Ahveninen Jyrki , Uluç Işıl , Raij Tommi , Nummenmaa Aapo , Mamashli Fahimeh
Published: March 2023

Recent research suggests that working memory (WM), the mental sketchpad underlying thinking and communication, is maintained by multiple regions throughout the brain. Whether parts of a stable WM representation could be distributed across these brain regions is, however, an open question. We addressed this question by examining the content-specificity of connectivity-pattern matrices between subparts of cortical regions-of-interest (ROI). These connectivity patterns were calculated from functional MRI obtained during a ripple-sound auditory WM task. Statistical significance was assessed by comparing the decoding results to a null distribution derived from a permutation test considering all comparable two- to four-ROI connectivity patterns. Maintained WM items could be decoded from connectivity patterns across ROIs in frontal, parietal, and superior temporal cortices. All functional connectivity patterns that were specific to maintained sound content extended from early auditory to frontoparietal cortices. Our results demonstrate that WM maintenance is supported by content-specific patterns of functional connectivity across different levels of cortical hierarchy.
Pigment in Cereals: Extraction, Quantifications, and Characterization
Authors: Kumar Simmi Ranjan , Sundarsingh Anjelina , Sadiq Muhammad Bilal
Published: March 2023

Cereals are an excellent source of nutrients and are enriched with natural pigments that impart characteristic color to cereals. Cereal pigments are different colors, such as green, yellow, purple, black etc. and are chemically classified as anthocyanins, carotenoids, and chlorophyll. These color pigments are associated with various health benefits due to their antioxidant, anticancer, anti-aging and anti-degenerative potential. The consumption of pigment-enriched cereals has been associated with the alleviation of chronic diseases. Cereal pigments can be extracted using conventional solvent-based extraction or modern extraction methods such as ultrasonication, microwave assisted extraction and pulsed electric field. Cereal pigments can be characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Although cereal are rich source of nutrients and various color pigments, several cereals are underutilized in developing countries. The utilization of pigmented cereals in traditional food products will increase the nutritional value and improve food quality and functionality.
Pigmented Cereal: Dietary and Health Importance
Authors: Kadiri Oseni , Fasogbon Beatrice M. , Onobun Desmond O. , Emoshioke Momoh , Ukejeh Ruth N. , Nayi Pratik
Published: March 2023

The demand for ‘functional foods’ and a healthy diet is growing nowadays, owing to evidence of potential health advantages linked with frequent consumption of these items as part of a balanced and diverse diet. Different colored cereals grain/pigmented cereals – mainly red, black, blue, brown, purple, and pink – have gained popularity recently due to their appealing nutritional characteristics. Anthocyanins are a type of pigment responsible for the colors and the health benefits of pigmented cereals. The different nutritional bioactive components such as phenolics, anthocyanins, phytochemicals, dietary fibre, vitamins, and other biofunctional properties have been much discussed in recent literature. This chapter summarizes and discusses the bioactive composition and health benefits of pigmented cereals, including maize, rice, wheat, and barley, with a focus on recent studies.
Using light scattering to assess how phospholipid–protein interactions affect complex I functionality in liposomes
Authors: Eisermann Jana , Wright John J. , Wilton-Ely James D. E. T. , Hirst Judy , Roessler Maxie M.
Published: March 2023

Complex I is an essential membrane protein in respiration and contributes to ATP synthesis. Zeta potential measurements are shown to be sensitive to the enzyme’s activity and capability to pump protons in varying lipid environments.
Kinetic and inhibition studies on human Jumonji-C (JmjC) domain-containing protein 5
Authors: Tumber Anthony , Salah Eidarus , Brewitz Lennart , Corner Thomas P. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: March 2023

Robust mass spectrometry-based assays are reported which monitor catalysis of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase Jumonji-C domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5). The assays have been applied to both kinetic and inhibition studies.
Synthetic data enable experiments in atomistic machine learning
Authors: Gardner John L. A. , Faure Beaulieu Zoé , Deringer Volker L.
Published: March 2023

We introduce a large “synthetic” dataset of atomistic structures and energies, generated using a fast machine-learning model, and we demonstrate its usefulness for supervised and unsupervised ML tasks in chemistry.
Dissolved organic matter regulates aggregation and deposition of chromium (hydr)oxide colloids: molecular-scale investigation using ESI-FT-ICR-MS
Authors: Zhu Shishu , Mo Yijun , Luo Wendan , Xiao Zihan , Jin Chao , Qiu Rongliang
Published: March 2023

Soil dissolved organic matter (SDOM) forms the corona and affects the colloidal mobility of Cr (hydr)oxides.
Exsolved catalyst particles as a plaything of atmosphere and electrochemistry
Authors: Summerer Harald , Nenning Andreas , Rameshan Christoph , Opitz Alexander K.
Published: March 2023

Unravelling the mystery behind the surface state of exsolved iron nano catalysts for H2 oxidation/H2O splitting by combining electrochemistry and ambient pressure XPS.
Molecular rotation induced giant, anisotropic negative thermal expansion in a hydrogen-bonded coordination framework
Authors: Meng Peng , Brock Aidan , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Yuting , McMurtrie John , Xu Jingsan
Published: March 2023

We report a new supramolecular structure of cyanuric acid–melamine–zinc (CA–M–Zn) demonstrating unique molecular rotation induced negative thermal expansion along the c axis, accompanied by a significant decrease of β angle (−3.8%).
A series of ultrasensitive electrocatalysts Fe-MOF/MWCNTs for fentanyl determination
Authors: Zhao Zhidong , He Yuan , Qi Xingrui , Li Nian , He Zijian , Chen Yufang , Jin Tao
Published: March 2023

Five kind of Fe-MOFs were synthesized, which were self-assembled with carbon nanotubes by sonication and then used for electrochemical detection of fentanyl.
Determination of molecular hydration in solution via changes in magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Vonci Michele , Whyatt Yasmin L. , Williams Carys , Mason Kevin , Parker David , McInnes Eric J. L. , Chilton Nicholas F.
Published: March 2023

The hydration behaviour of coordination complexes is important for understanding their roles as bio-imaging agents. We use EPR to determine that a carboxylate PARASHIFT reagent coordinates water while the phosphinate analogue does not.
Theoretical study of the tuning role of β-methylthio or β-methylselenyl on the charge-transport properties of acenedithiophenes derivatives
Authors: Li Hui-Yuan , Qin Gui-Ya , Lin Pan-Pan , Sun Xiao-Qi , Fan Jian-Xun , Wang Rui , Li Hui , Zou Lu-Yi , Guo Jing-Fu , Ren Ai-Min
Published: March 2023

We investigate the reason why β-methylthio and β-methylselenyl substitution alter the molecular stacking in organic semiconductor crystals, in terms of the intermolecular interaction energy.
Synthesis of NiFe layered double hydroxides with varied layer charge densities: the templating effect of dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Authors: Wijitwongwan Rattanawadee Ploy , Saothayanun Taya Ko , Ogawa Makoto
Published: March 2023

Thanks to the templating effect of dioctyl sulfosuccinate, single-phase NiFe layered double hydroxides with varied Fe3+/(Ni2+ + Fe3+) ratios were obtained, leading to the variation of layer charge densities.
Selecting optimal R6TX2 intermetallics (R = Gd, Tb, Dy; T = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; X = Sb, Te) for magnetic refrigeration
Authors: Herrero A. , Aseguinolaza I. R. , Oleaga A. , Garcia-Adeva A. J. , Apiñaniz E. , Garshev A. V. , Yapaskurt V. O. , Morozkin A. V.
Published: March 2023

R6TX2 intermetallics are promising candidates for magnetic refrigeration in a large temperature range since they exhibit a table-like magnetocaloric effect due to consecutive magnetic phase transitions.
Pathway toward cost-effective green hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolyzer
Authors: Liu Hua , Clausen Lasse Røngaard , Wang Ligang , Chen Ming
Published: March 2023

Green hydrogen by solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) will become cheaper than gray hydrogen. The Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) will be reduced by heat integration, super grid integration, and SOEC development.
Unveiling the influence of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on CuxO–TiO2(B) nanofibers for dual Z-scheme electron transfer visible light photocatalysts: investigation on local atomic structures and electronic properties
Authors: Preeyanghaa Mani , Chuaicham Chitiphon , Shenoy Sulakshana , Vellaichamy Balakumar , Li Wei , Manokaran Kamaraj , Varathan Elumalai , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , Ohtani Bunsho , Sasaki Keiko , Sekar Karthikeyan
Published: March 2023

We have investigated the local atomic structures and electronic properties of CFTNF (CuxO/Fe2O3/TiO2(B)) towards photocatalytic H2 production and trimethoprim degradation.
Facilitated photocatalytic H2production on Cu-coordinated mesoporous g-C3N4nanotubes
Authors: Su Zhuizhui , Zhang Jianling , Tan Zhonghao , Hu Jingyang , Zhang Fengtao , Duan Ran , Yao Lei , Han Buxing , Zhao Yingzhe , Yang Yisen
Published: March 2023

Single-atom Cu-coordinated mesoporous g-C3N4nanotubes show excellent photocatalytic H2production. Theoretical and experimental results show that Cu–N2sites promote charge transfer and separation, and reduce the energy barrier of H2production.
Exploring the untapped catalytic application of a ZnO/CuI/PPy nanocomposite for the green synthesis of biologically active 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole scaffolds
Authors: Kohli Sahil , Nisha  , Rathee Garima , Hooda Sunita , Chandra Ramesh
Published: March 2023

The fabricated catalyst ZnO/CuI/PPy facilitates the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole under solvent free conditions with ideal values of green metrics.
Carbonyl (CO)/N-based thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials with high efficiency and fast reverse intersystem crossing rate: a theoretical design and study
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Qi Fangfang , Zhang Donghai , Lv Xin , Song Jinhui , Gu Junjing , Chen Jinglin , Meng Lingyi
Published: March 2023

Two novel highly efficient organic TADF materials based on MR structures have been theoretically designed and investigated.
Tumor microenvironment responsive nanocarriers for efficient antisense DNA delivery and enhanced chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Raj Gowtham , D. S. Vasudev , Narendradev Nikhil Dev , Dommeti Viswa Kalyan Kumar , Shriwas Saurabh , Ajay Sekhar P. M. , Jacob Leah Susan , Srinivasula S. Murty , Varghese Reji
Published: March 2023

A supramolecular strategy for the crafting of tumour microenvironment sensitive NPs composed of artemisinin, ferrocene and antisense DNA for combination cancer therapy is demonstrated.
Design of a new method for one-pot synthesis of 2-amino thiazoles using trichloroisocyanuric acid in the presence of a novel multi-functional and magnetically catalytic nanosystem: Ca/4-MePy-IL@ZY-Fe3O4
Authors: Kalhor Mehdi , Vahedi Zahra , Gharoubi Hanieh
Published: March 2023

In this study, an approach was developed to synthesize a novel, multifunctional ionic liquid nanocatalyst based on magnetically zeolite-CaY (Ca/4-MePy-IL@ZY-Fe3O4) and its application in synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles using trichloroisocyanuric acid.
Synthesis of a high-density jet fuel with creosol and formaldehyde
Authors: Ren Guangzhi , Li Guangyi , Wang Aiqin , Cong Yu , Li Ning
Published: March 2023

Jet fuel-range C14 and C15 dicycloalkanes are synthesized for the first time with creosol and formaldehyde, two platform compounds that can be derived from lignocellulose.
Modelling network formation in folded protein hydrogels by cluster aggregation kinetics
Authors: Cook Kalila R , Head David , Dougan Lorna
Published: March 2023

We performed coarse-grained simulations of folded globular protein hydrogels to predict trends in mesostructure and porosity as experimentally-controllable parameters were systematically varied.
Fast rate lithium metal batteries with long lifespan enabled by graphene oxide confinement
Authors: Jabbari Vahid , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Ghorbani Alireza , Mashayek Farzad , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza
Published: March 2023

Dendritic growth of lithium (Li) is hindering potential applications of Li-metal batteries, and new approaches are needed to address this challenge.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Bothersome Tinnitus in U.S. Army Soldiers From January 1, 2015, Through September 30, 2019
Authors: Sherlock LaGuinn P. , Gibson Kelly J. , Talian Daniel S. , Lake Deborah C.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Tinnitus is a symptom of auditory dysfunction or injury and can be a precursor to permanent hearing loss. Tinnitus can interfere with communication, sleep, concentration, and mood; when this occurs, it is referred to as bothersome tinnitus. Annual hearing surveillance in the U.S. Army includes screening for bothersome tinnitus. Estimating the prevalence of self-reported bothersome tinnitus can facilitate prioritization of prevention and education efforts. The objective of this study was to examine Army hearing conservation data to estimate the prevalence of self-reported bothersome tinnitus as a function of age, hearing, sex, service component, and pay grade.

Method:

The study employed a cross-sectional, retrospective design. Records from 1,485,059 U.S. Army Soldiers retrieved from the Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System–Hearing Conservation were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to estimate the prevalence of bothersome tinnitus and its associations with Soldiers' demographic characteristics.

Results:

The estimated prevalence of self-reported bothersome tinnitus was 17.1% between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2019; 13.6% of the Soldiers reported “bothered a little” and 3.5% reported “bothered a lot.” Proportionally, the prevalence of self-reported bothersome tinnitus was higher for males, older Soldiers, and Reserve Component Soldiers. For every 1-year increase in age, the odds of self-reporting “bothered a little” tinnitus relative to “bothered not at all tinnitus” would be expected to increase by 2.2% (2.1%, 2.3%), and the odds of self-reporting “bothered a lot” tinnitus relative to “bothered not at all” tinnitus would be expected to increase by 3.6% (3.5%, 3.7%).

Conclusions:

The self-reported prevalence of bothersome tinnitus in the U.S. Army (17.1%) is substantially higher than that of the general population, where prevalence of bothersome tinnitus is estimated at 6.6%. Examination of bothersome tinnitus among Soldiers is an important step toward optimizing prevention, education, and intervention efforts.
Design and implementation of a novel zero‐current switching method for low‐power DC–DC converters
Authors: Hosseini Arya , Sheikhaei Samad , Davari Masoud
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces a unique zero‐current switching (ZCS) technique for low‐power dc–dc converters. In this paper, a single‐inductor dual‐input triple‐output converter is considered to apply this new technique, which can be generalized for converters with more inputs and outputs and high‐power and energy‐harvesting applications. The first input of this converter can be connected to any source that can produce energy, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells or thermoelectric generator (TEG), and the second input can be considered a battery. The proposed converter is implemented discretely, and a low‐power microcontroller whose power consumption is reduced by the software is employed to control the whole system. In the proposed ZCS method, the current sensor is not used, and only a simple voltage level detector is employed to detect the inductor voltage level in order to determine the optimal value of the inductor discharge duty cycle. This converter works in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and uses pulse width modulation (PWM) and the time‐multiplexing strategy (TMS). The main focus of this paper is on designing and implementing a digital control algorithm based on this new ZCS technique in order to increase efficiency.
Uncertainty-aware blob detection with an application to integrated-light stellar population recoveries
Authors: Parzer Fabian , Jethwa Prashin , Boecker Alina , Alfaro-Cuello Mayte , Scherzer Otmar , van de Ven Glenn
Published: March 2023

Context. Blob detection is a common problem in astronomy. One example is in stellar population modelling, where the distribution of stellar ages and metallicities in a galaxy is inferred from observations. In this context, blobs may correspond to stars born in situ versus those accreted from satellites, and the task of blob detection is to disentangle these components. A difficulty arises when the distributions come with significant uncertainties, as is the case for stellar population recoveries inferred from modelling spectra of unresolved stellar systems. There is currently no satisfactory method for blob detection with uncertainties.

Aims. We introduce a method for uncertainty-aware blob detection developed in the context of stellar population modelling of integrated-light spectra of stellar systems.

Methods. We developed a theory and computational tools for an uncertainty-aware version of the classic Laplacian-of-Gaussians method for blob detection, which we call ULoG. This identifies significant blobs considering a variety of scales. As a prerequisite to apply ULoG to stellar population modelling, we introduced a method for efficient computation of uncertainties for spectral modelling. This method is based on the truncated Singular Value Decomposition and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (SVD-MCMC).

Results. We applied the methods to data of the star cluster M 54. We show that the SVD-MCMC inferences match those from standard MCMC, but they are a factor 5–10 faster to compute. We apply ULoG to the inferred M 54 age/metallicity distributions, identifying between two or three significant, distinct populations amongst its stars.
Improved prior for adaptive optics point spread function estimation from science images: Application for deconvolution
Authors: Lau A. , Fétick R. J. L. , Neichel B. , Beltramo-Martin O. , Fusco T.
Published: March 2023

Context. Access to knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) of adaptive optics(AO)-assisted observations is still a major limitation when processing AO data. This limitation is particularly important when image analysis requires the use of deconvolution methods. As the PSF is a complex and time-varying function, reference PSFs acquired on calibration stars before or after the scientific observation can be too different from the actual PSF of the observation to be used for deconvolution, and lead to artefacts in the final image.

Aims. We improved the existing PSF-estimation method based on the so-called marginal approach by enhancing the object prior in order to make it more robust and suitable for observations of resolved extended objects.

Methods. Our process is based on a two-step blind deconvolution approach from the literature. The first step consists of PSF estimation from the science image. For this, we made use of an analytical PSF model, whose parameters are estimated based on a marginal algorithm. This PSF was then used for deconvolution. In this study, we first investigated the requirements in terms of PSF parameter knowledge to obtain an accurate and yet resilient deconvolution process using simulations. We show that current marginal algorithms do not provide the required level of accuracy, especially in the presence of small objects. Therefore, we modified the marginal algorithm by providing a new model for object description, leading to an improved estimation of the required PSF parameters.

Results. Our method fulfills the deconvolution requirement with realistic system configurations and different classes of Solar System objects in simulations. Finally, we validate our method by performing blind deconvolution with SPHERE/ZIMPOL observations of the Kleopatra asteroid.