bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEOECONOMIC STRATEGIES IN THE MODERN GLOBAL ECONOMIC SPACE
Authors: Gaiduchok Oksana
Published: December 2019

In today's context, it is considered that with the reduction of the risk of military intervention, military security has come to the forefront and economic security has become a priority for the national interests of the country. As regional forces seek to expand markets, provide access to finance and the latest technologies, economic security has become a necessary component of regional forces' ability to spread their influence. The article is devoted to the study of national security and its relation to the functioning and formation of the geo-economic strategy in the conditions of globalization of the world, taking into account the national interests of countries. Each stage of the realization of the national interests of the country has its own assessment of its geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic status, security threats and main carriers of these threats, mechanism of realization of national interests, resources, used for the purposes of such realization. Each of the stages provide its own assessment of the main definitions and categories of security, the main directions of geo-economic policy. The complex of current global mechanisms, aimed at ensuring the economic security of states from external threats, is investigated. The importance of forming the protective instruments of Ukraine's foreign economic policy is considered. The emphasis is placed on economic security, which is the foundation and material foundation of national security. The special place of economic security in the structure of national security is due to the fact that almost no type of security can be sufficiently implemented without economic security.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING MINIINVASIVE CATHETER TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF LUNG BLEEDING
Authors: Ponomarova Kateryna
Published: December 2019

Aim – improve the results of the treatment of patients with pulmonary bleeding through widespread use of endovascular surgery methods for hemostasis.

Materials and methods. Method of endovascular embolization of bronchial arteries is widely used in our clinic SI «Zaycev V. T. Institute of General and Emergency surgery of NAMS of Ukraine» not only as independent surgery in patients with LB, but also as way of preparation of patients with lung bleeding for planned thorax surgery. The most of the often spread nosological forms complicated by bleeding in our research were polycystic lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis disease, community-acquired pneumonia. Indications to the сatheter embolization procedure of bronchial arteries are the following: conservative treatment failure, hemoptysis in patients with bilateral inflammatory processes who was not prescribed surgical treatment for a range of reasons, absence of gross structural changes, lung resection, mainly in patients with oncologic lung injury, at massive and life-threatening profuse bleedings as a mean of temporary or constant hemostasis. Discussed treatment method is applied only in bleeding or within a 6 – 12 hour after its treatment. Successful result in embolization can be obtained in 79–99 %.

Results. As a result of complete physical examination of patients with LB, it has been established that lung hemorrhage was the result of obstructive bronchitis in 14 patients (42 %), there was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 7 (21 %) patients and bronchiectasis was diagnosed in 6 (18 %) patients. In 2 (6 %) patients pulmonary hemorrhage was caused by community-acquired pneumonia. Central lung cancer was detected in 4 (12 %) patients.

Conclusion. Therefore bronchial artery angiography gives high efficiency in solving the problem of hemostasis in oncological and nonspecific lung diseases, for determination of localization and source of bleeding. Endovascular occlusion of bronchial arteries in pulmonary hemorrhage permits:

– to elaborate diagnosis because of the presence of specific angiographic signs of malignant tumour;

– to perform effective endovascular hemostasis;

– to gain time for stabilization the patient with the aim of planned surgical treatment.
BLOOD ZINC LEVEL IN CHILDREN WITH COMBINED GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND CHRONIC GASTRODUODENAL PATHOLOGY
Authors: Belousova Olga , Kirianchuk Nataliia , Zimnytska Tetiana
Published: December 2019

Pathology of the upper digestive tract is the most common among gastroenterological diseases in children of different ages and is 48-50 %. Recently, there has been an increase in combined lesions of the esophagus and organs of the gastroduodenal zone. Currently, microelements are considered to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the work was to study zinc level in the blood of children with combined gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic gastroduodenal pathology. Materials and methods. 110 children with combined GERD and lesions of the gastroduodenal zone at the age of 10–18 years were under observation. In order to verify the diagnosis, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed. The level of zinc in the blood of children was studied using photometric method. Results. 52.5 % of children with concomitant GERD and chronic gastroduodenal pathologies had a reduced zinc level in the blood. According to the results of the study, the risk factors of zinc deficiency in children with combined pathology of the upper digestive tract include male sex, age older than 14 years, the duration of the disease longer than 3 years. The level of zinc in the blood of children was significantly reduced in destructive lesions of the esophagus, as well as with more pronounced inflammation of the gastric mucosa, in duodenitis and erosions in the duodenal bulb. Conclusions. Thus, the results of the study showed the importance of studying the level of zinc in the blood of patients with combined GERD and chronic gastroduodenal pathology to achieve positive changes by its correction. Zinc deficiency more often develops in boys over 14 year old, who has inflammatory changes of digestive tract.
INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON CONSUMPTION PROPERTIES FORMATION IN MILK-CHERRY SMOOTHIE
Authors: Dzyuba Nadya , Poplavska Svitlana , Palvashova Anna , Yemonakova Oksana , Ivashina Liliya , Kolisnichenko Tatiana , Sefikhanova Katerina , Novik Anna , Sutkovich Tatyana
Published: December 2019

The aim of our work is to study the structure of the food system of milk-cherry smoothie with given high consumption indices (increased content of macronutrients and easily-assimilated protein); it allows to widen the assortment of healthy beverages at enterprises of restaurant economy.

The effectiveness of functioning of restaurant economy enterprises is, in the first turn, determined by the extent, to which their strategic actions correspond to long-term market requirements. A market condition in the field of restaurant economy is a driver for developing innovative products and technologies for getting culinary products.

At developing aerated products, the main factor of getting a high-quality one is technological regimes for getting an aerated structure. An influence of temperature and shaking time on the foam-forming ability of a food system and smoothie form stability, including milk whey, cherry juice, apple pectin and collagen hydrolysate, was studied.

It has been established, that most foam-formation (62 %) is attained at shaking smoothie under the following conditions: temperature – 10 °С, shaking time – 90 seconds. The maximal number of air bubbles in smoothie has the diameter d=(0,32±0,01) mm. High multiplicity indices of the smoothie foam structure (250 %) characterize the high product stability index.

The obtained data as to the development of the technological process of getting the aerated smoothie structure give a possibility to recommend the developed technology for producing smoothie at restaurant economy enterprises.
Managing the equity risk using Short Put Ladder strategy by barrier options
Authors: Timková Monika , Šoltés Michal
Published: December 2019

The main aim of the paper is to measure hedging efficiency using the Short Put Ladder strategy formed by barrier options in the equity market. The researchers hedge full protection against price’s drop, combining the European down and knock-in put options with the lowest exercise price and vanilla or barrier put options with the higher exercise prices. The authors chose the analyzed alternatives according to the requirement of the zero-cost strategy. The aim of the investigated hedging variants is to secure the minimum constant selling price for the underlying asset’s price drop. Theoretical results of this approach were applied in the equity market, i.e., SPDR S&P 500 ETF. The authors analyzed and compared all hedging variants to each other, however, only the selected techniques were presented in the paper. The findings reveal that the barrier options used for managing the equity risk produce significant reductions of that risk. The right combination of options with the strike prices and the barrier levels wisely selected plays a significant role in risk elimination. Finally, according to the findings, the recommendations for potential investors are introduced.
Dânişnâme-i ‘Alâî Bağlamında İbn Sînâ Metafiziğinin Temel Kavramları ve Bu Kavramların Mantıksal ve Metafiziksel İşlevi
Authors: Sağlık Haci
Published: December 2019

İbn Sînâ, İslam
düşüncesinin en önemli simalarından biridir. O, başta metafizik olmak üzere
tıp, fizik, mantık, matematik gibi kendi döneminin neredeyse bütün bilimleriyle
uğraşmış ve bu alanlarda birçok önemli eser yazmıştır. Dânişnâme-i ‘alâî,
metafizik, mantık, fizik ve matematik bilimlerinden oluşan onun önemli
eserlerinden biridir. Bu bilimler içerisinde günümüzde de hala önemini koruyan
alanlardan biri de metafiziktir. İbn Sînâ, Dânişnâme-i ‘alâî’nin Metafizik
bölümünde ilk önce bilimler tasnifi, varlık, cisim ve kategorileri ele
almıştır. Daha sonra metafiziğin temel kavramları olan tümel-tikel,
bir/lik-çok/luk, öncelik-sonralık, illet-ma‘lûl, sonluluk-sonsuzluk,
bilkuvve-bilfiil, ile zorunlu ve mümkün kavramlarının analizini yapmıştır. O,
bu kavram analizinden sonra metafiziğin temel meseleleri olan Zorunlu Varlık, O’nun
zatı ve sıfatları, mümkün varlık ile mümkün varlık alanlarının varlığa gelmesi,
değişim ve dönüşümünün mahiyetini ortaya koymuştur. Bu
çalışmamızda Dânişnâme-i ‘alâî metafiziğinin temel kavramlarının
mantıksal ve kavramsal düzeyde tahlilini yaptıktan sonra bunların metafiziğin
temel meselelerindeki tatbiki ve işlevini ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Bunu
yaparken sosyal bilimlerin ve felsefenin temel yöntemlerinden olan anlama,
yorumlama, mukayese etme ve değerlendirmeye dayalı bir metot izledik.
Rare GermlineGLMNVariants Identified from Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome Might Impact mTOR Signaling
Authors: Yin Jie , Qin Zhongping , Wu Kai , Zhu Yufei , Hu Landian , Kong Xiangyin
Published: December 2019

Backgrounds and Objective:

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBN) or Bean syndrome is a rare Venous Malformation (VM)-associated disorder, which mostly affects the skin and gastrointestinal tract in early childhood. Somatic mutations in TEK have been identified from BRBN patients; however, the etiology of TEK mutation-negative patients of BRBN need further investigation.

Method:

Two unrelated sporadic BRBNs and one sporadic VM were firstly screened for any rare nonsilent mutation in TEK by Sanger sequencing and subsequently applied to whole-exome sequencing to identify underlying disease causative variants. Overexpression assay and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the functional effect of the candidate disease causative variants.

Results:

In the VM case, we identified the known causative somatic mutation in the TEK gene c.2740C>T (p.Leu914Phe). In the BRBN patients, we identified two rare germline variants in GLMN gene c.761C>G (p.Pro254Arg) and c.1630G>T(p.Glu544*). The GLMN-P254R-expressing and GLMN-E544X-expressing HUVECs exhibited increased phosphorylation of mTOR-Ser-2448 in comparison with GLMN-WTexpressing HUVECs in vitro.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that rare germline variants in GLMN might contribute to the pathogenesis of BRBN. Moreover, abnormal mTOR signaling might be the pathogenesis mechanism underlying the dysfunction of GLMN protein.
The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities
Authors: Xu Dixon H. , Cullen Benjamin D. , Tang Meng , Fang Yujiang
Published: December 2019

Background:

Peripheral neuropathy can significantly impact the quality of life for those
who are affected, as therapies from the current treatment algorithm often fail to deliver adequate symptom
relief. There has, however, been an increasing body of evidence for the use of cannabinoids in the
treatment of chronic, noncancer pain. The efficacy of a topically delivered cannabidiol (CBD) oil in
the management of neuropathic pain was examined in this four-week, randomized and placebocontrolled
trial.

Methods:

In total, 29 patients with symptomatic peripheral neuropathy were recruited and enrolled. 15
patients were randomized to the CBD group with the treatment product containing 250 mg CBD/3 fl.
oz, and 14 patients were randomized to the placebo group. After four weeks, the placebo group was
allowed to crossover into the treatment group. The Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS) was administered
biweekly to assess the mean change from baseline to the end of the treatment period.

Results:

The study population included 62.1% males and 37.9% females with a mean age of 68 years.
There was a statistically significant reduction in intense pain, sharp pain, cold and itchy sensations in
the CBD group when compared to the placebo group. No adverse events were reported in this study.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate that the transdermal application of CBD oil can achieve significant
improvement in pain and other disturbing sensations in patients with peripheral neuropathy. The
treatment product was well tolerated and may provide a more effective alternative compared to other
current therapies in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy.
Nano-Inspired Technologies for Peptide Delivery
Authors: Covarrubias-Zambrano Obdulia , Yu Jing , Bossmann Stefan H.
Published: December 2019

Nano-inspired technologies offer unique opportunities to treat numerous diseases by using therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic peptides have attractive pharmacological profiles and can be manufactured at relatively low costs. The major advantages of using a nanodelivery approach comprises significantly lower required dosages compared to systemic delivery, and thus reduced toxicity and immunogenicity. The combination of therapeutic peptides with delivery peptides and nanoparticles or small molecule drugs offers systemic treatment approaches, instead of aiming for single biological targets or pathways. This review article discusses exemplary state-of-the-art nanosized delivery systems for therapeutic peptides and antibodies, as well as their biochemical and biophysical foundations and emphasizes still remaining challenges. The competition between using different nanoplatforms, such as liposome-, hydrogel-, polymer-, silica nanosphere-, or nanosponge-based delivery systems is still “on” and no clear frontrunner has emerged to date.
N-alpha-Aminoacyl Colchicines as Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Marzo-Mas Ana , Conesa-Milián Laura , Noppen Sam , Liekens Sandra , Falomir Eva , Murga Juan , Carda Miguel , Marco Juan A.
Published: December 2019

Background:

In the last years, many efforts have been made to find colchicine derivatives
with reduced toxicity. Additionally, the deregulation of amino acid uptake by cancer cells
provides an opportunity to improve anticancer drug effectiveness.

Objective:

To design new colchicine derivatives with reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced selectivity
by means of introducing aminoacyl groups.

Method:

34 colchicine analogues bearing L- and D-amino acid pendants were synthetized and
characterized by NMR, IR and MS techniques. Cytotoxicity and antimitotic properties were assessed
by spectrophotometry and cell cycle assays. Oncogene downregulation was studied by RTqPCR
whereas in vivo studies were performed in SCID mice.

Results:

Compounds exhibit high antiproliferative activities at the nanomolar level while being, in
general, less cytotoxic than colchicine. Most compounds inhibit the polymerization of tubulin in a
way similar to colchicine itself, with L-amino acid derivatives being the most active in the inhibition
of tubulin polymerization. All selected compounds caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase
when tested at 1 μM. More specifically, Boc-L-proline derivative 6 arrested half of the population
and showed one of the highest Selectivity Indexes. Derivatives 1 (Boc-glycine), 27 (D-leucine)
and 31 (Boc-glycine-glycine) proved fairly active in downregulating the expression of the c-Myc,
hTERT and VEGF oncogenes, with compound 6 (Boc-L-proline) having the highest activity. This
compound was shown to exert a potent anti-tumor effect when administered intraperitoneally
(LD50 > 100 mg/kg for 6, compared with 2.5 mg/kg for colchicine).

Conclusion:

Compound 6 offers an opportunity to be used in cancer therapy with less toxicity
problems than colchicine.
Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Comorbidities Associated with Epilepsy
Authors: Gangar Kinjal , Bhatt Lokesh Kumar
Published: December 2019

One of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs among 1% of the population
worldwide, is epilepsy. Therapeutic failure is common with epilepsy and nearly about 30% of patients
fall in this category. Seizure suppression should not be the only goal while treating epilepsy but associated
comorbidities, which can further worsen the condition, should also be considered. Treatment of
such comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, cognition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and,
various other disorders which co-exist with epilepsy or are caused due to epilepsy should also be
treated. Novel targets or the existing targets are needed to be explored for the dual mechanism which
can suppress both the disease and the comorbidity. New therapeutic targets such as IDO, nNOS, PAR1,
NF-κb are being explored for their role in epilepsy and various comorbidities. This review explores
recent therapeutic targets for the treatment of comorbidities associated with epilepsy.
Research trends of scientific literacy in Indonesia: Where are we?
Authors: Ni'mah Fatchiyatun
Published: December 2019

Scientific literacy has become a trend of research in various international research journals. These research trends also influence research trends in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze research related to scientific literacy in Indonesia based on articles published in various national journals. The analysis was conducted in term of methodological approach used and the subjects studied. The analysis was conducted on 138 articles published in various national journals, whether they have been indexed by SCOPUS, DOAJ or other journal indexing agencies. The findings indicate that the application of learning to increase student’s scientific literacy is new research trend in Indonesia and commonly conducted in science major (IPA) with Junior High School students as samples. This study provides an overview of perspectives in scientific literacy research in Indonesia.
Prototipe buku ajar fisika dasar reflektif-integratif berbasis problem solving untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan metakognisi
Authors: Asy'ari Muhammad , Hidayat Samsun , Muhali Muhali
Published: December 2019

This study aims to evaluate the validity and effectiveness of the reflective-integrative basic physics textbook prototype based on problem-solving to improve metacognition knowledge. This research is a quasi-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design in 25 physics education students of FPMIPA IKIP Mataram. Descriptive and statistical analysis using the n-gain equation and paired samples test was conducted to evaluate the validity and effectiveness of the product. Product validity was assessed by two competent experts using validation sheets and analyzed descriptively, while product effectiveness was measured after learning using essay test instruments that were analyzed descriptively and statistically using paired samples test. The results showed that the reflective-integrative basic physics textbook prototype based on problem-solving was valid  (3.38) and reliable (0.97), while declarative knowledge (n-gain = 0.58), procedural knowledge (n-gain = 0.53), and conditional knowledge (n-gain = 0.56) was increased after learning in the medium category. Statistical test results showed that the reflective-integrative basic physics textbook prototype based on problem-solving had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the students' metacognition knowledge. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the reflective-integrative basic physics textbook prototype based on problem-solving was valid and effective to improve students' metacognition knowledge.
Pengembangan kamus bahasa Jawa digital berbasis android
Authors: Insani Nur Hanifah , Mulyana Mulyana
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran bahasa Jawa digital berbasis android serta mengetahui kualitas produk media pembelajaran bahasa Jawa berbasis android. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) yang diadaptasi dari Borg & Gall dengan model prosedural yang terdiri dari tahap pendahuluan, tahap pengembangan produk, serta tahap evaluasi (ujicoba) produk. Penilaian produk dilakukan oleh ahli media, ahli materi, guru bahasa Jawa, dan peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kemudian data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk media pembelajaran kamus bahasa Jawa berbasis android termasuk dalam kategori baik sekali. Demikian juga ahli media, ahli materi, juga guru bahasa Jawa menilai kualitas multimedia pembelajaran bahasa Jawa baik sekali. Para siswa juga sangat setuju dengan adanya mulitmedia kamus bahasa Jawa digital berbasis android. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka produk kamus bahasa Jawa digital berbasis android sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jawa. Developing android-based javanese digital dictionary  AbstractThis research aims to develop android-based Javanese digital dictionary and to reveal the quality of android-based Javanese digital dictionary. The study is a research and development adapted from Borg and Gall that consist of preliminary studies, product development, and evaluating the product. The product assessment was conducted by a media expert, a material expert, Javanese teachers and the students. The data collecting technique was done by using questionnaires, then it was analysed using descriptice quantitative technique. The results of this research show that the product resulted of developing android-based Javanese digital dictionary falls into the category of very good. From the view of experts in media and material also Javanese teacher rates the quality of the multimedia is very good. The students also very agree with the product has been made. Based on the results, the product of android-based Javanese digital dictionary is very feasible to be used in Javanese learning.
O papel das ouvidorias na comunicação pública do Poder Judiciário
Authors: Romero Henrique Hugueney , Sant’Anna Francisco Cláudio Corrêa Meyer
Published: December 2019

Este artigo objetiva propor o debate sobre qual será o papel das ouvidorias judiciais no processo de comunicação social do Poder Judiciário brasileiro. A intenção é iniciar a discussão em busca de quais podem ser as contribuições dessa importante ferramenta de participação popular e promoção da cidadania para a melhoria da comunicação pública realizada pelos tribunais. Essa reflexão se faz necessária no atual cenário em que a sociedade brasileira vem, cada vez mais, exigindo maior transparência da administração pública, mormente após a edição da Lei de Acesso à Informação.Palavras-chave: ouvidoria, comunicação pública, acesso à informação, poder judiciário, cidadania
Burocracia e políticas públicas: a implementação da Política Nacional de Humanização dos Serviços de Saúde em Porto Alegre/RS
Authors: Lima Luciana Leite , D’Ascenzi Luciano , Dias Gianna Vargas Salgado , Bruscatto Renata
Published: December 2019

Este estudo analisou a implementação da Política Nacional de Humanização nas unidades básicas de saúde de Porto Alegre. Centramos a análise no uso da discricionariedade pelos atores responsáveis pela implementação. Interessou investigar como suas decisões e ações contribuíram para a adaptação da política pública e, consequentemente, seu redesenho. Averiguou-se que os implementadores, diante da falta de treinamento nos marcos da política, da percepção de carência de recursos e do baixo grau de apoio, forjaram um entendimento peculiar dos objetivos e das estratégias da política pública. Eles criaram uma visão do que seria “humanizar” os serviços ajustada às preferências e necessidades locais. A política implementada diferiu da política formal. Contudo foi essa adaptação que permitiu a implementação de fato. Palavras-chave: burocracia, políticas públicas, discricionariedade, implementação, política social
Impact of land and water management practices on root rot complex influencing lentil performance
Authors: SINGH ANIL KUMAR , YASIN J K , SINGH DEEPAK , KUMAR ANUPAM , DUBEY A K , BHARATI R C
Published: December 2019

Lentil plays a pivotal role in food and nutritional security of large scale Indian, which is still by and large vegetarian in food habit. Root rot complex of lentils are sever disease, with a potential to devastate entire crop. An invstigation was undertaken to study the dynamic of root rot in the rice - lentil – mungbean cropping systems, managed under conventional and zero tilled condition with 04 water regime based on IW:CPE, at ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India during 2016-17 to 2018-19. Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum were the fungus responsible for root rot incidence. Results reveled that if the disese incidence (%) is more 65% the yield penalty will be more than 80% as compare to the normal crop season. Root rot complex can damage more at advanced stage as compare to seedling or early grorth stages. Best way to manage root rot disease complex are adapting crop rotation, sowing resistance varieties along withprophylactic seed treatment.
Perilaku Produsen pada Model Kemitraan Go Food dalam Prespektif Ekonomi Islam (studi kaasus Daerah Wirobrajan,Yogyakarta)
Authors: Masfufah Meita , Achiria Siti
Published: December 2019

Producer behavior is a company that helps increase the value of goods or services that produce consumption needs, partnership is cooperation between two parties with equal and mutually beneficial needs. The study aims to review how the partnership model between food producers and parties go food gojek, the research method used is qualitative descriptive by collecting and interviewing Go Food partners in the Wirobrajan area of Yogyakarta, producers feel greatly helped by becoming partners Go food Which experience Riding in sales, can help market their stalls online. Read more about distributing faster and free to customers themselves to buy products from suppliers without having to come to the shop.

Key : producer behavior, patnership, Go Food
The Use of Authentic Materials In “Cambridge Primary English Stage 4 Learner’s Book” to Teach Reading (A Case Study)
Authors: Purwaningrum Endah Aprilia
Published: December 2019

This research aimed at: (1) identifying the authentic materials written in “Cambridge Primary English Stage 4 Learner’s Book”; (2) describing how authentic materials are implemented to teach reading; and (3) describing the problems in implementing authentic materials to teach reading and solutions proposed by the teacher. This research was designed as qualitative case study conducted in Islamic International Private Elementary School in Surakarta. The subject of the research was the English teacher who each reading at the fourth grade of international class program (ICP). The research data were collected through observation, interview, teaching learning documents, textbook analysis and were analyzed by using interactive model proposed by Miles, Hubarman, and Saldana (2014). Findings of the research were: (1) the authentic materials used in “Cambridge Primary English Stage 4 Learner’s Book” were: a) posters, b) book covers, c) cards, d) book index, and e) blurb. (2) The implementation of the use of authentic materials in “Cambridge Primary English Stage 4 Learner’s Book” were: a) posters were used to inform the students the elements of the narrative text or story, b) book covers were used to analyse and guess the content of book or story which is included title, character, setting, plot, and mood based on its covers, c) cards were used by to teach descriptive text, d) book index was used to teach ordered information and e) blurb was used to teach how to identify the content of the story book. Most of the authentic materials were used in pre-reading activities. (3) Five problems in implementing authentic materials to teach reading were: a) the students’ understanding of English grammar, b) the content of authentic material, c) comprehensive linguistic competences to write correct sentence was less related to grammar function, d) language focus related the text which the students was going to write, and e) students’ lack of vocabulary mastery. Four Solutions proposed by the teacher were (a) giving new vocabulary and stimulation words, (b) studying the other example of authentic material related to the material discussed, (c) having discussion with students, and (d) improving students’ understanding about the discussed materials. It is recommended to use textbook entitled “Cambridge English Primary Stage 4 Learner’s Book” not only in the school where the researcher conducted the research, but also in other elementary schools emphasing on teaching reading skill by using authentic materials.

 

Keywords: Authentic Material, Cambridge English Textbook, Reading Skill.
Teaching Real-World Evidence: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Lam Ching , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Chaudhury Hassan , Meinert Edward
Published: December 2019

Background

Real-world evidence (RWE) refers to observational health care data beyond clinical trial data. It holds the promise of transforming health care as a new form of evidence to support decision makers in making decisions when developing and regulating medicines. As the importance of RWE is recognized by industry and regulatory bodies, teaching RWE becomes an important matter to evaluate and refine in order to develop future researchers and stakeholders who can better integrate RWE into the routine development of medicine.

Objective

The aim of this review is to understand how RWE is currently being taught. From this landscape study, the insufficiencies of the current education of RWE can be identified and subsequently inform future education policies around RWE and its subfacets.

Methods

We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Healthcare Management Information Consortium, Cochrane, and Web of Science for published studies using a combination of keywords and subject headings related to RWE and education. In addition, a Google search to identify grey literature will be conducted. Two authors will independently screen the titles and abstracts identified from the search and accept or reject the studies according to the study inclusion criteria; any discrepancies will be discussed and resolved. The quality of the included literature will be assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme systematic review checklist.

Results

Data from eligible publications will be abstracted into a predesigned form in order to better understand the current state of education of RWE and inform future RWE education directions and policies.

Conclusions

The subsequent systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/16941
EFFECT OF BLUMEA LACERA ON TISSUE GSH, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND HEPATIC CELLS IN ETHANOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: SHIRODE DEVENDRA S. , KULKARNI ASHISH V. , JAIN BRIJENDRA B.
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of aerial part of Blumea lacera (BLEE) against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Methods: The in vivo antioxidant activity of BLEE was assessed by determining the tissue glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The BLEE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg and silymarin 100 mg/kg administered to the ethanol challenged rats. The effects of BLEE and silymarin on Physical and Biochemical Parameters were measured. Similarly, histopathological changes of the liver were studied.

Results: The BLEE showed in vivo antioxidant activity. A significant (P<0.001) decrease in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin was observed in BLEE treated group at doses i.e. 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg as compared to intoxicated group. Liver damage in animal pretreated with BLEE was minimal with distinct preservation of structures and the architectural frame of the hepatic cells.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of BLEE against ethanol-induced liver damage.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF THE ICHTHYOFAUNA IN THE ESTUARY FROM MANAMO CHANNEL, ORINOCO RIVER DELTA, VENEZUELA
Authors: Marval-Rodríguez Ángel , Alió-Mingo José , Carvajal Yorlen , Altuve Douglas , Vizcaíno Germán
Published: December 2019

The delta of Orinoco River constitutes a long estuarine extension of a great importance to fisheries at Venezuela, because, it is an indispensable area for reproduction, feeding and growing of several fish species, most of them with a commercial application. The purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the changes in fish diversity and the structural dynamic of the community at four zones of channel Manamo, during dry and rainy season. Samples were taken on March and May for dry period and July and August for rainy season. A total of 48 species were identified, grouped into 24 families and 42 genera. The diversity was higher in Bajo del Medio during the dry season (2.58 bits/ind), decreasing to 1.66 bits/ind in el Pajar (rains). The PERMANOVAS analyzes showed statistical differences in the composition of species with respect to the climate season (psed-F = 0.0365, p <0.05), but not between the sampling stations (psed-F 0.6668; p < 0.05). The results indicated that the fish fauna of the region is composed of elements characteristic of an estuary, being the climate seasons the most important factors for the evaluated group and this reflects the seasonal nature of this community.
HISTORICAL APPROACH OF THE FISH SPECIES COMPOSITION IN ARROYO MORENO, VERACRUZ, MEXICO
Authors: García-Villar Adriana Marisol , Montoya-Mendoza Jesús , Chávez-López Rafael
Published: December 2019

Arroyo Moreno (AM) is an estuarine water flow located between Boca del Río and Medellin municipalities from Veracruz State; although this estuarine habitat is situated in a state natural reserve, their environmental conditions had been altered in last decades by anthropogenic activities, which had caused changes on biotic communities including fishes. The aim of this contribution was to describe the temporal variation of fish species composition from Arroyo Moreno; an updated list of fish species was compiled for this estuarine channel, this list was made with ethnographic information provided by local fisherman using surveys, fish species catalogues, previous publications and complemented with cast net samplings. Sixty-two fish species were recorded, of these 18 were collected directly for us, another 41 species were identified by surveyed fishermen; the most abundant ecological guilds were marine temporary, freshwater temporary, and marine migrant species. With the historical fishermen’s information was inferred than both fish species richness, abundance and size had diminished noticeably in commercial fish species mainly, this outcome was related by the fishermen to the use of estuarine channel as drainage attributed to urban development in the zone.
Editorial
Authors: Ulloa Hung Jorge
Published: December 2019

No precisa de un resumen.
Tradición y ruptura en la poesía dominicana de los siglos XX y XXI. Dinámica de sus movimientos
Authors: Mármol José
Published: December 2019

Este artículo, basado en una conferencia dictada en el Instituto Cervantes de Madrid, en el marco de la Feria del Libro de Madrid, el 3 de junio de 2019, presenta un fresco sobre la dinámica de la evolución de los movimientos poéticos dominicanos en las dos últimas centurias y su proyección hacia el presente siglo xxi, con base en la relación convergente de tradición y rupturas.
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND REVOLUTION IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Obikwu Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

This article argues on the continued significance of Kelsen’s theory of the grundnorm and revolution in international law. It urges that revolutions and coups d’etat will continue to occur in the international legal order. That criticisms of Kelsen’s thought on this issue notwithstanding, Kelsen’s arguments on successful revolutions and the shift in the grundnorm is still as relevant today as it was when first propounded. A case of study of Nigeria is used, however this is carried out against a backdrop of developments internationally. Military take-over of governments have occurred internationally and though not adhering to the rule of law and human rights  in the strict sense, national courts and the international legal order must continue to take account of them.  Nigeria under military from 1966 to 1999 underwent several coups. Based on this developments across the globe, the received wisdom of Kelsen is aptly defended in this article through an examination of case law and jurisprudence.
Will an increase in landholding size reduce child labour in the presence of unemployment? A theoretical analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Kamalika , Chakraborty Bidisha
Published: December 2019

This paper builds an overlapping generations household economy model in a
rural set up and examines the relationship between landholding and child
labour in the presence of unemployment in the manufacturing sector. We find
that irrespective of whether the parents work as agricultural labourers or
work on their own land, an increase in landholding size leads to a decline
in the child worker?s schooling in the short run and a decline in the growth
rate of human capital formation in the long run, but may lead to an increase
in steady state human capital in the long run.
Copper deposits obtained by pulsating overpotential regime with a long pause and pulse duration from sulfated solutions
Authors: Shafiei Fatemeh , Jafarzadeh Kourosh , Madram Ali
Published: December 2019

The morphologies of the copper deposits obtained by pulsating overpotential regime with prolonged pulse and pause durations from the solution of 0.15 M CuSO4 in 0.50 M H2SO4 at overpotentials lower, higher and belonging to the plateau of limiting diffusion current density were compared with those obtained by the same electrodeposition regime from solutions of 0.075 and 0.30 M CuSO4 in 0.50 M H2SO4 and 0.15 M CuSO4 in 0.25 and 1.00 M H2SO4 at overpotentials outside the plateau of limiting diffusion current density. These samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis and the cathodic polarization characteristics from solutions compared. Increasing the Cu(II) concentration led to an increase in the limiting diffusion current density. Decreasing the H2SO4 concentration shifts both beginning and the end of the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density towards higher electrodeposition overpotentials. Also, electrodeposition in solutions of 0.15 M CuSO4 in 0.25 and 1.00 M H2SO4 led to the formation of morphological forms of copper deposits characteristic for electrodeposition of copper from higher CuSO4 or lower H2SO4 in solution at some higher overpotentials.
Some convolution inequalities in realized homogeneous Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Benallia Mohamed , Moussai Madani
Published: December 2019

Using the realizations, we study some convolution inequalities in the
realized homogeneous Besov spaces ??Bs p,q(Rn) and the realized homogeneous
Triebel-Lizorkin spaces ??Fs p,q(Rn). We also deduce for the homogeneous
Sobolev spaces ?Wmp(Rn) in certain sense.
Distribution of Trichinella infections in pigs and Trichinellosis in humans in Serbia from 1994 to 2018
Authors: Mirilovic Milorad , Tajdic Nada , Vejnovic Branislav , Djuric Spomenka , Mirilovic Nikola , Maris Slavica , Saponjic Vladan
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Trichinellosis is a disease in humans caused by parasites of
the genus Trichinella, and these roundworms can occur in a variety of
animals (over one hundred mammal species). Members of the genus Trichinella
are present in almost all continents and in all climate zones. Intensive
studies on the eradication of this disease have been going on for a long
period, but despite the finances invested in research projects,
trichinellosis is still present in the 21st century and poses a major health
issue all over the world. According to current scientific estimations, there
are over 27 million Trichinellainfected people in the world. The aim of our
study was to determine the distribution and trends for Trichinella infection
in pigs and trichinellosis in humans in Serbia between 1994 and 2018.
Materials and Methods. Data for the 25-year surveillance period of
Trichinella cases registered in pigs and humans in Serbia was gathered from
the Veterinary Directorate and from the Institute of Public Health of the
Republic of Serbia. The data obtained was analysed with the relative numbers
of structure and dynamics, indices and descriptive statistical indicators.
Results and Conclusions. During the research period, 14,837 pigs were
diagnosed as infected with Trichinella. Out of this number, 87.31% of pigs
were identified in the five epizootiological regions, and only 12.69% were
diagnosed in the non-epizootiological regions in Serbia. During the period
1994-2018 in Serbia, a total of 6,850 people were treated for Trichinella
infection. Out of this number, 4,153 (60.63%) people were from the five
epizootiological regions. The trend-line describing the presence of
Trichinella in pigs was defined by a fourth degree polynomial function.
Meanwhile, the trend-line describing the presence of trichinellosis in
humans was defined by a sixth degree polynomial function. Trichinellosis in
Serbia is most common during the winter season, from December to March.
Risk of Rapid Kidney Function Decline, All-Cause Mortality, and Major Cardiovascular Events in Nonalbuminuric Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Buyadaa Oyunchimeg , Magliano Dianna J. , Salim Agus , Koye Digsu N. , Shaw Jonathan E.
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to investigate the rate of progression of nonalbuminuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or death or major cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with albuminuric and nonalbuminuric phenotypes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 10,185 participants with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study. Based on baseline albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), participants were classified as having no kidney disease (no CKD), albuminuria only (albuminuric non-CKD), reduced eGFR only (nonalbuminuric CKD), or both albuminuria and reduced eGFR (albuminuric CKD). The rate of eGFR decline and hazard ratios (HRs) for ESKD or death or MACE were calculated.

RESULTS

For individuals with no CKD and those with nonalbuminuric CKD, the rates of eGFR decline were −1.31 and −0.60 mL/min/year, respectively (P < 0.001). In competing-risks analysis (no CKD as the reference), HRs for ESKD indicated no increased risk for nonalbuminuric CKD (0.76 [95% CI 0.34, 1.70]) and greatest risk for albuminuric CKD (4.52 [2.91, 7.01]). In adjusted Cox models, HRs for death and MACE were highest for albumuniuric CKD (2.38 [1.92, 2.90] and 2.37 [1.89, 2.97], respectively) and were higher for albuminuric non-CKD (1.82 [1.59, 2.08] and 1.88 [1.63, 2.16], respectively) than for those with nonalbuminuric CKD (1.42 [1.14, 1.78] and 1.44 [1.13, 1.84], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Those with nonalbuminuric CKD showed a slower rate of decline in eGFR than did any other group; however, these individuals still carry a greater risk for death and MACE than do those with no CKD.
Equidad en salud: concepciones e implicaciones
Authors: Tarupi Wilmer
Published: December 2019

El contexto global de creciente desigualdad social con serias repercusiones en la salud, vuelve urgente y necesaria la reflexión sobre lo justo en salud. A partir de una revisión sobre las diferentes concepciones de equidad en salud, en el marco de la discusión ético-política de la justicia social, se busca discutir elementos que aporten a la construcción de metodologías plurales para comprender la equidad en salud. La revisión se realiza con base a dos principios esenciales de la vida social humana que fundamentan las concepciones de justicia social, la libertad y la igualdad.
Türkiye’nin Önemli Turizm Kentlerindeki Havalimanlarının Etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi Yöntemiyle Ölçülmesi
Authors: Köleoğlu Nilay , Demirel Esra
Published: December 2019

Türkiye’de turizm endüstrisinden
elde edilen kazanç milli gelire önemli bir katkı yapmaktadır. Bu sektörden
kazanılan gelirin büyük kısmı hava yoluyla gelen yabancı turistlerden
sağlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla havalimanlarının turizm açısından verimli şekilde
kullanılması, milli gelirimizi yukarıya taşıyan kriterlerden biri olarak ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2015 yılında Türkiye’nin turizm açısından önemli
şehirlerinde bulunan havalimanlarının Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) yöntemi ile
etkinliklerinin ölçülerek girdilerde yapılması gereken değişiklikler konusunda
bilgi vermek amaçlanmaktadır. Havalimanlarında çalışan personel sayısı,
personel gideri, uçuş sayısı ve terminal yolcu kapasitesi girdi olarak; turist
sayısı ve turizm geliri çıktı değişkeni olarak alınarak BCC girdi yönelimli VZA
modeliyle havalimanlarının etkinlikleri ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre;
Analize konu olan 16 havalimanından İstanbul Atatürk, Muğla Dalaman, Muğla
Milas Bodrum, Isparta, Nevşehir Kapadokya ve Denizli havalimanları etkin
bulunmuştur.
Investigating the Impact of Online Classes on Undergraduate Degree Completion
Authors: Wavle Sharon , Ozogul Gamze
Published: December 2019

This study expands on current research that examines the impact of online courses on retention, degree completion, and student success. The researchers investigated the impact of online courses on degree completion by using existing graduation rate data, course enrollment data, and student grades for undergraduate students at a multi-campus 4-year institution. The researchers aimed to provide advisors, faculty, and administrators with a better understanding of how online classes fit into an undergraduate student’s program of study while completing their degrees within the desired timeframe.  The researchers additionally sought to understand the impact of taking online classes on degree completion while controlling for student demographic and academic factors (e.g. age, first-generation student status, socioeconomic status, SAT/ACT scores, and 1st semester GPA) and campus type (traditional flagship, urban research, and regional). Results indicated that regardless of campus type taking one or more online classes during their program of study increased undergraduate students’ likelihood of successful degree completion. Lastly, to provide further insight, this study compared student performance in online and on campus classes. Results for this comparison were mixed; slightly higher or slightly lower online course grades were obtained by students compared to face-to-face course grades depending on type of campus.