bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A realização da liberdade humana a partir da teoria ética do conatus de Spinoza
Authors: BENEVIDES GOMES CARLOS WAGNER , SILVEIRA MACHADO VIVIANE
Published: February 2022

O objetivo principal dessa nossa pesquisa é investigar a importância da noção de conatus para a liberdade humana segundo o pensamento ético do holandês Benedictus de Spinoza (1632-1677). Sendo assim, teremos como fundamentação teórica principal, a Parte III (Da origem e natureza dos Afetos) da Ética, obra máxima de Spinoza, bem como outros textos deste a fim de explicitar as relações entre o conatus e a liberdade dos indivíduos e de como os homens podem se libertar de suas paixões tristes esforçando-se por agir virtuosamente buscando nos bons encontros uma ética da alegria.
“Aprendi com as primaveras a deixar-me cortar e voltar sempre inteira”: o caso de Frank
Authors: MASSIAS LOPES SGRINHOLI DAIANY LARA , SITONI GONÇALVES THIAGO
Published: February 2022

O presente relato de experiência objetiva apresentar o caso de uma usuária com diagnóstico de depressão e ansiedade que ao solicitar o Centro de Psicologia Aplicada (CPA) da Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), apresenta a demanda de ressignificar seu projeto de ser frente às situações-problema de seu cotidiano. A luz da fenomenologia existencial de Sartre e Beauvoir, respalda-se a análise de seu caso, pela compreensão do diagnóstico com a constituição do seu existir, construída dialeticamente, corpo-mente, história-singularidade, produto-produtor de seu meio e de si mesmo. A estrutura do relato busca seguir o método regressivo-progressivo fundamentado por Sartre, a fim de elucidar os (des)encontros entre o passado com a sua realidade atual e, a partir disso, promover uma consciência reflexiva e ressignificação do seu projeto de ser.
Nietzsche: a insatisfação como estímulo para a afirmação da vida
Authors: FRANÇA DA SILVA RICARDO RODRIGO
Published: February 2022

Este artigo busca compreender como a insatisfação age como estímulopara a afirmação da vida. A noção de satisfação e insatisfação, assim como a noçãode estímulo, são recorrentes nos fragmentos póstumos de 1880, após Humano I. Ofilósofo, em Humano I, concebe a busca pelo prazer e fuga do desprazer como causadas ações. Depois de investigar como o espírito livre e o espírito cativo lidam com odesprazer, essa noção de causa é substituída. O desprazer e a descarga fazem comque o filósofo considere que há algo anterior a tais afetos, e a noção de insatisfação eestímulo, assim como outros conceitos utilizados para representar o sentido internodo corpo em sua relação com forças exógenas, abrem caminho para o que Nietzschemais tarde chamará de vontade de potência.
Abdução, inferência da melhor explicação e argumentos realistas: arguição ao artigo “a inferência abdutiva em Peirce” de Josiel Camargo
Authors: CHIAROTTI SARDI GABRIEL
Published: February 2022

Este breve artigo é uma arguição ao artigo “A inferência abdutiva em Peirce” de autoria de Josiel dos Santos Camargo publicado na Revista Diaphonía v. 7, n. 2, em 2021. Argumentarei que o autor cometeu um equívoco ao identificar o conceito de abdução com a inferência da melhor explicação e isso acarretou na incorreta identificação entre abdução e os argumentos realistas do milagre e da coincidência cósmica.
Notas para uma estética ecomunitarista (desde a. Latina)
Authors: LÓPEZ VELASCO SIRIO
Published: February 2022

Neste trabalho pretendemos explicar as bases para uma proposta estética mínima numa perspectiva ecocomunitária. Para tanto, começamos por relembrar os fundamentos do ecomunitarismo e o perfil geral de suas dimensões que abordamos até aqui em trabalhos anteriores, para então apresentar nossa visão dos conceitos básicos da estética e sua aplicação nas diversas formas de produção artística, da experiência latino-americana.
Disturbios presentes en áreas protegidas de Colombia; caso Municipio de San Juanito, Meta
Authors:   Universidad de los Llanos, CASTRO-GARZN Hernando , MONTEALEGRE-TORRES Francy L. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, RODRIGUEZ JUan P.
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo se documentó el régimen de disturbios generados en los diferentes predios ubicados en zona de protección del municipio de San Juanito Meta, Colombia; utilizando como base la clasificación establecida por Vargas (2013). Se tomaron como base de estudio las veredas que presentaban mayores intervenciones en cuanto al número de predios presentes y su concentración. Se utilizaron técnicas para la recopilación de la información como la observación, entrevistas y grupos focales.
Information and Communications Technology and the Level of Income in Africa
Authors: Biala Musa Ilias , Yusuf Yusuf Toyin
Published: March 2022

Information and communications technology has been identified as a factor that drives income, economic growth, and development. Because of this, several studies have been conducted to ascertain ICT's effects on economic growth. However, such studies failed to examine whether real per capita income influences the effect of ICT on income level and whether the effect of ICT on income level differs among regions of African countries. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of ICT on income level. Specifically, it examined whether real per capita income influences the effect of ICT on income level and whether the effect of ICT on income level differs among the sub-regions of African countries. Thus, empirical models were estimated using the panel regression analysis with fixed-effect and random-effect estimators. The results show that ICT positively affects income level in Africa, and real income per capita influences the effect of ICT on income level. In contrast, the effect of ICT on income level differs among African regions. The effect is larger in Eastern, Southern, and Northern African countries than in other regions. Therefore, authorities should consider investment in ICT as a tool or mechanism for enhancing income.
A Critical Analysis on Social Security Measures For the Protection Of Workers in India
Authors:   Vels Institute Of Science, Technology And Advanced Studies, Vels University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., Gayathri Mrs. J.
Published: March 2022

Social security is the protection which society provides for its members through a series of public measures against economic and social distress that otherwise would be caused by the substantial stoppage of earnings. It also refers to the action programs undertaken by the government to promote the welfare of the people. The current study based on the empirical research. It is consisting of the scientific frame of research. It began with the finding of research problem based on the review of literature. The major contribution of the study is to collect the legal facts of particular area and to test the hypothesis of a cause effect relationship between variables. Convenience sampling method is used . Questionnaire is used as the primary data collection and the articles, journals, reports, newsletters are considered as the secondary sources. The analysis is carried out for demographic statistics and hypothesis testing chi square and cross tabulation is used.
Studying the Effect of the Different Position Piers on the Scour in the Curved Channels
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Egypt., Dardeer Mamdouh Ahmed
Published: March 2022

The scour around the piers of bridges greatly affects the safety and balance of the bridges, and many studies have been done in which the scour around the piers in straight channels has been studied. It has been proposed and used of 3 piers of different shape (3 models) (elliptical (M1), Hexagonal (M2) and Oblong (M3)). The effect of the different position of the pile on the curved canals, as well as the effect of the shape of the pile and the shape of the foreground on the depth and length of the erosion around the pier has been studied. Twenty-four laboratory experiments were conducted under different conditions of discharge. The experiment has been carried out in a glass-walled rectangular flume with a length of 8.00 meters (i.e., 30 cm × 60 cm). It is divided into three sections (the first and last sections are 3.0 m in length, 60 cm in width, and 30 cm high, respectively; the third section, in the middle, is curved with a horizontal angle of 30 ° and is 2.0 m in length). The experimental program has been developed to investigate relative (b/B = 0.5) under five different discharge conditions (14.70, 20.32, 24.47, 27.30, and 31.86 l/sec). The water levels and depths, and the scour length and depth, were all measured using ultrasonic device. The models of the piers were placed at three positions of the curved part (Curved angle) the front of curved (ϴ = 0.0o), middle of curved (ϴ = 15o) and end of curved (ϴ = 30o), and it was found that the depth and length of the scour on the shape of the pile and also according to the different position of the place of the pile on the curved part, where the results were given The lowest percentage of scour depth occurred in the middle of curved (ϴ = 15o) of the Hexagonal shape (M2). The highest percentage of scour depth occurred in the first of curved (ϴ = 0.0o) of the oblong shape (M3). The lowest percentage of scour length occurred in the end of curved (ϴ = 30o) of the Elliptical shape (M1). The highest percentage of scour length occurred in the first of curved (ϴ = 0.0o) of the Hexagonal shape (M2).
The Contribution of FDI to Economic Growth in Developing Countries
Authors:   Arba Minch University, Economics Department, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Emako Ezo
Published: March 2022

The paper considers analyzing the effect of sector-specific foreign direct investment (the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors) on economic growth in 19 developing countries for the period 2005-2018 following human capital, domestic investment, financial development, the openness of the economy, labor force, institutional quality, and natural resource richness as control variables through Arellano and Bond (1991) differenced GMM. It reveals that FDI in manufacturing has a positive and statistically significant influence on economic growth, whereas FDI in the tertiary sector has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth, but FDI in the primary sector has a negative but negligible effect on economic growth. Lastly, it can be concluded from the above results that the more manufacturing FDI that countries attract, the greater their economic growth will be. Therefore, these countries should pay attention to it.
LightBlue: Nurture Your Personal Chatbot
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Liu Yan , Chen Gong , Zhong Sheng-hua
Published: February 2022

Chatbot has long been an important research topic in artificial intelligence and attracts lots of attention recently. Despite significant advancements in language ability, the interactions between users and chatbots are rather generic, short-term, and transnational. It has always been challenging to develop truly personal chatbots and even more difficult to establish longterm, affective connections. This paper first brings up “nurture” as a new interaction mode with chatbots. We introduce the nurture framework and accordingly design the learning algorithm and nurture functions. Then we present LightBlue – a platform that allows non-professionals to nurture personal chatbots from scratch. Experiments on both closed- and open-domain tasks validate the proposed framework and demonstrate a promising method for facilitating long-term interaction between users and chatbots.
An Intelligent System to Assist the Drawing Completion and Coloring Suggestion using AI and Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Wang Jichuan , Sun Yu
Published: February 2022

Many times when we create any design or drawing on a digital platform, we face the problem that lines we created couldn’t close up the shape correctly [1]. When we use the paint bucket tool, it fills the whole screen up with one click, and we need to re-look through the whole design again to find where it wasn't closed up correctly, not only taking up much of our time, but it’s also very annoying. By determining a rule for whether or not a shape is completely closed or open, this application checks whether the shapes we created were closed by going through each pixel and detecting if there are holes around it [2]. The application could be provided for anyone creating 2d designs on a computer whether for hobby or job, to save the time looking through the whole design again and find the errors with much time are really tiny.
An Intelligent Mobile Application for Car License Plate Detection and Analysis using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Han Mengcheng , Sun Yu
Published: February 2022

How did image recognition and object analysis function to bring convenience to people’s lives? Within this question I bear in my mind, I started to explore and build this Automatic Car License Plate Detect and Analyze Project. Since cameras are being widely used for recording and analyzing vehicle information, it has been a great cost to buy such intelligent devices. Guided by recent research on machine learning approaches , we solve this financial problem by designing and implementing a mobile phone application that automatically utilizes the camera installed on the phone to analyze the information of the car license plate. Our design is built to provide users with an accessible way to analyze license plates in complex environments.
An Simulation and Survival Based Mobile Game for Players Developing a Sense of Environmental Preservation using Modeling and Manual Manipulation Programming
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Sun Yu
Published: February 2022

The citizens nowadays are often born and raised in well developed urban areas and have rarely, even never experienced the difficulties that wildlife are suffering from due to human actions. They are likely to possess sympathy, but never do these individuals are aware of how their deeds may affect the living of other species on planet Earth [1]. However, if someone reveals the bloody truth to the people, they are likely to change for the greater good. In this paper, we mainly used unity modeling and java programming skills to develop an animal simulation game in order to show the damage done by mankind and resonate the feeling of empathy so the players may alter their actions to preserve the environment [2][3]. The player starts the game as an animal figure in a randomly generated map. The player will control the animal to move around to consume water and food for survival. Meanwhile, the animal must avoid the invasion of human poison lands closing in on the habitats for this figure. Eventually, the player will starve or be poisoned and fail to survive. By setting this result, we hope to arouse the sympathy in hearts and lead to some alteration to a person’s habits.
iOLLVM: Enhanced Version of OLLVM
Authors: Tianbo Huang Chengyang Li , Chen Xiarun , Xie Chenglin , Wen Weiping
Published: February 2022

Code obfuscation increases the difficulty of understanding programs, improves software security, and, in particular, OLLVM offers the possibility of cross-platform code obfuscation. For OLLVM, we provide enhanced solutions for control flow obfuscation and identifier obfuscation. First, we propose the nested switch obfuscation scheme and the in-degree obfuscation for bogus blocks in the control flow obfuscation. Secondly, the identifier obfuscation scheme is presented in the LLVM layer to fill the gap of OLLVM at this level. Finally, we experimentally verify the enhancement effect of the control flow method and the identifier obfuscation effect and prove that the program's security can be further improved with less overhead, providing higher software security.
The Effect of House Dust Allergy on the Effectiveness of Allergenic Foods Elimination
Authors: Suciwiyatia Nurul Ima , Endaryantoab Anang , Irwantoab Irwantoab
Published: February 2022

Food allergy is a primary cause of early manifestations of atopic disease. House dust mites are the main aeroallergens that underlie allergic manifestations. Both of them play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases and cause an impact on the family’s economy and health costs. This study was a consecutive sampling retrospective cohort with house dust allergy as an independent variable; food allergy with and without dust allergy with allergenic food elimination, sign & symptom score, medication score, combination sign & medication score, visit fee outpatient care, inpatient costs, and total medical expenses as the dependent variable. Data were collected using secondary data from medical records or patient reports via mobile phone messaging applications every month. We averaged data at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the patients were diagnosed with food allergies and undergoing a food elimination diet. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of <0.05. We can conclude that house dust allergy influences allergenic food elimination diet effectiveness (p=0.001).
Tracheal Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Sitepu Jefri Adi Kam , Wibowo Marjono Dwi
Published: February 2022

Although tracheal stenosis is a rare consequence, it is possible in individuals undergoing extended intubation and tracheostomy. Although otorhinolaryngologists and interventional pulmonologists are often responsible for treatment, since symptoms may not manifest for weeks or months after extubation, primary care doctors are frequently the first to meet this problem. Tracheal stenosis may be mistaken for asthma in its clinical presentation, which includes dyspnea and stridor. The case described is that of a 16-year-old man with tracheal stenosis after intubation who had a series of surgical treatments to improve his airway. We analyzed common presenting symptoms, treatment choices, and preventative efforts for comparable individuals.
Correlation between Knowledge and Attitude to the Behavior of Health Workers Regarding Acceptance of Human Milk Bank in General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Adawiah Rabiatul , Utomo Martono Tri , Handayani Kartika Darma , Angelika Dina , Etika Risa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Breast milk is a liquid secreted by the mother’s breast glands and is useful for the baby. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) stated that the best alternative for breast milk is donor human milk (DHM). Until now, there is no donor HMB in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the behavior of health workers regarding the acceptance of Human Milk Banks (HMB).
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study involved health workers at the pediatric ward of General Hospital Dr. Soetomo in 2020. The study involved 77 subjects consisting of doctors and nurses. Data were collected by questionnaires. A multiple linear regression test was used to determine the correlation between knowledge and attitudes with the behavior of health workers regarding the acceptance of HMB.
Results: Among 77 research subjects, 42/77 subjects were doctors. 48/77 were female. 31/77 subjects were in the 25-29 years age group. 41/77 subjects were married. 38/77 subjects working period in the profession was 1-5 years. 67/77 subjects were Muslim. Knowledge was associated with the behavior of health workers (p=0.003), and attitudes were associated with the behavior of the health workers about the acceptance of the HMB (p=0.008), and there was a simultaneous correlation between knowledge and attitude with the behavior of health workers regarding the acceptance of HMB (p=0.000).
Conclusion: These findings showed that knowledge and attitudes were associated with the behavior of health workers regarding the acceptance of HMB. There is a simultaneous relationship between the knowledge and attitude with the behavior of health workers about the acceptance of HMB.
Aja Raden: The Truth about Lies: A Taxonomy of Deceit, Hoaxes and Cons
Authors:   Prague University of Economics and Business, Czech Republic, Loužek Marek
Published: February 2022

Book review.
Toxicity Test of Catharanthus roseus Flower Extract with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Method
Authors: Sari Melia , Surbakti Chemayanti , Khairani Tetty Noverita , Willy Novita Sari  , Nasution Gabriella Septiani
Published: March 2022

Tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus) is a plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family originating from Central America and is generally grown as an ornamental plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of mortality data and the LC50 value of tapak dara methanol extract (Catharanthus roseus) against Artemia salina Leach larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The BSLT method used consisted of 6 concentration treatments, namely 20 ppm, 60 ppm, 100 ppm, 140 ppm, 180 ppm, and 0 ppm a negative control, each of which was repeated three times. At each concentration, 10 experimental animals of 48 hours old Artemia salina Leach larvae were used. The toxic effect of the extract was identified by the percentage of mortality of Artemia salina Leach larvae using probit analysis (LC50). The results showed the linear regression equation y = 3.0809x – 12.065. This shows that the mortality of the test animals reached 50% when the compound concentration reached 34,599 ppm. Based on the toxicity test of the methanol extract of the tapak dara flower (Catharanthus roseus) using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, in this study it was toxic because LC50>1000 ppm so it has potential as an anticancer.
Fame and Ultrafame: Measuring and comparing daily levels of ‘being talked about’ for United States’ presidents, their rivals, God, countries, and K-pop.
Authors: Dodds Peter , Minot Joshua , Arnold Michael , Alshaabi Thayer , Adams Jane , Dewhurst David , Reagan Andrew , Danforth Christopher
Published: February 2022

When building a global brand of any kind—a political actor, clothing style, or belief system— developing widespread awareness is a primary goal. Short of knowing any of the stories or products of a brand, being talked about in whatever fashion—raw fame—is, as Oscar Wilde would have it, better than not being talked about at all. Here, we measure, examine, and contrast the day-to-day raw fame dynamics on Twitter for US Presidents and major US Presidential candidates from 2008 to 2020: Barack Obama, John McCain, Mitt Romney, Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. We assign “lexical fame” to be the number and (Zipfian) rank of the (lowercased) mentions made for each individual across all languages. We show that all five political figures have at some point reached extraordinary volume levels of what we define to be “lexical ultrafame”: An overall rank of approximately 300 or less which is largely the realm of function words and demarcated by the highly stable rank of ‘god’. By this measure, ‘trump’ has become enduringly ultrafamous, from the 2016 election on. We use typical ranks for country names and function words as standards to improve perception of scale. We quantify relative fame rates and find that in the eight weeks leading up the 2008 and 2012 elections, ‘obama’ held a 1000:757 volume ratio over ‘mccain’ and 1000:892 over ‘romney’, well short of the 1000:544 and 1000:504 volumes favoring ‘trump’ over ‘hillary’ and ‘biden’ in the 8 weeks leading up to the 2016 and 2020 elections. Finally, we track how only one other entity has more sustained ultrafame than ‘trump’ on Twitter: The K-pop (Korean pop) band BTS. We chart the dramatic rise of BTS, finding their Twitter handle ‘@bts twt’ has been able to compete with ‘a’ and ‘the’, reaching a rank of three at the day scale and a rank of one at the quarter-hour scale. Our findings for BTS more generally point to K-pop’s growing economic, social, and political power.
Ketogenic diet: a therapeutic alternative in pediatric refractory epilepsies
Authors: Chentouf Amina
Published: February 2022

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ketogenic diet (KD) on refractory epilepsies, especially in children. In this category of patients, a strong collaboration between the healthcare providers and the full engagement of parents is required. The regimen is significantly effective for different types of epilepsy that are resistant to medical treatment. It can also be used as a first-line treatment, given its well tolerance. Treatment has been rolled out for children but research into its use in adults is promising. There is no international or national protocol, the implementation of this diet follows a rigor being specific to every ketogenic center. The understanding of the underlying mechanisms is not well elucidated, it would make it possible to optimize the clinical use of the ketogenic diet, but also to develop novel antiepileptic treatments. This article aims to review the different variants of KD and their prescription terms in children with intractable epilepsy.

Keywords: drug-resistant epilepsy, ketogenic diet, children, Modified Atkins Diet.
Feira da agricultura familiar de Iturama-MG e região e os efeitos da pandemia na comercialização
Authors: Soares Sanches João Lucas , Martins Julia Piethra , Fernandes da Conceição Ariane
Published: February 2022

A partir de março de 2020, o Brasil passou a fazer parte dos países afetados pelo vírus do COVID-19 e começou a tomar uma série de medidas com o intuito de conter o vírus. No município de Iturama-MG não foi diferente, e uma das primeiras medidas tomadas pela prefeitura municipal foi a suspensão da feira da agricultura familiar de Iturama e região (FAFIR).  Os agricultores e agricultoras familiares viram seus principais canais de comercialização paralisados, além dos próprios, em sua grande maioria serem considerados do grupo de risco, fazendo com que eles ficassem, assim, à mercê de sua própria sorte, uma vez que tanto as feiras foram proibidas de funcionarem quanto as compras institucionais, principalmente as voltadas para a alimentação escolar, também pararam de serem realizadas. Frente a esse contexto, a pesquisa buscou compreender de que forma os agricultores e agricultoras familiares de Iturama-MG e região estão comercializando seus produtos, a partir das dificuldades encontradas perante a pandemia gerada pelo novo coronavírus, que por sua vez está repercutindo de diversas maneiras e intensidades sobre a produção, distribuição e oferta de alimentos.
Control de inventario y sistema de distribución en una cooperativa agraria
Authors: Pizzan Tomanguillo Nieves del Pilar , Reátegui Salas José Alfredo , Rosales Bardalez Carlos Daniel
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar de qué manera el control de inventario se relaciona con el sistema de distribución de la Cooperativa Agraria El Gran Saposoa, 2021, Se empleó un tipo de investigación aplicada, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, de nivel descriptivo correlacional. Para la recolección de datos se determinó una población de 113 colaboradores y como muestra a 56, se aplicó la técnica de encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Para la presentación de los resultados se empleó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial, que revelaron que el control de inventario presenta un nivel regular en un 64% de la misma manera el sistema de distribución en un 61%. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el control de inventario se relaciona de manera directa y significativa con el sistema de distribución de la Cooperativa Agraria El Gran Saposoa, en vista que se obtuvo un p-valor=0.00<0.05, y un coeficiente de correlación de R de Pearson positiva fuerte de 0.824. Esto indica, que al presentar el control de inventario un comportamiento creciente, el sistema de distribución tiende a crecer. Del mismo modo, el tamaño del efecto demostró que el control de inventario influye un 67.8% en el sistema de distribución.
Design, construction, and calibration of a step gauge of nests for performance evaluation of Laser Trackers
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM), Espinosa Nulutagua Iván , Icasio Hernández Octavio ,   Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM)
Published: March 2022

According to documentary standards for the performance evaluation of Laser Trackers (LT), long length reference artifacts are required. In this paper, we discuss the design, construction, and calibration of a long length artifact called step gauge of nests (SGN). The SGN has several nests in line to place the LT probe; the two extreme nests of the SGN are at a distance of 3 m approximately. The documentary standard establishes that the gauge's length must be known no matter the orientations it takes. However, for long gauges, factors like gravitational force, fixturing forces, change in the environmental conditions, among others, deforms the gauge, and its length changes when its orientation changes. To evaluate these factors, in the design stage, we use a finite element simulation of the SGN to predict such deformations (mainly length variations between the two extreme nests). The simulation takes into account the used material, its stiffness, straightness, distribution of the nest's weight, and geometry's change of the SGN to reduce the variations in its length. For the construction stage, we describe how the SGN was manufactured and how using high module carbon fiber, we reduce the influence of the temperature factor. The results of the finite element simulation show a length variation of around 20 ppm between the horizontal and vertical SGN positions. That variation was validated with the calibration results using two different methods. The first uses the line of sight (LOS) method, which involves the same LT under evaluation. The second uses an accurate CMM, using the overlap method for calibration. The traceability of the LOS method is accomplished with the wavelength calibration of the LT interferometer; meanwhile, the overlap method uses a CMM evaluated with a laser interferometer with calibrated wavelength.
AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN DAN BATANG SIDAGURI (Sida rhombifolia) TERHADAP MODEL HEWAN DIABETES TIPE 2
Authors: Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah  , Widhya Aligita  , Hendra Mahakam Putra  , Denny Galang  , Hapipah Nurjamilah
Published: February 2022

Diabetes merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar glukosa dalam darah yang terjadi karena kurangnya produksi insulin atau berhentinya produksi insulin dalam tubuh. Herba Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) diketahui memiliki aktifitas sebagai antidiabetes. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak etanol daun dan batang sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) terhadap model hewan diabetes tipe 2 dan mencari bagian mana yang paling efektif sebagai antidiabetes. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental secara in vivo. Mencit dibagi menjadi 9 Kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negative, kontrol positif, Glibenklamid 0,65 mg/KgBB, ekstrak daun sidaguri dosis 3,5; 7; dan 14 mg/KgBB, serta ekstrak batang sidaguri dosis 3,5; 7; dan 14 mg/KgBB. Pengujian dilakukan secara kuratif, hewan uji kecuali kontrol negatif, diberikan induksi aloksan monohidrat 80 mg/KgBB melalui rute intravena, kemudian setelah 3 hari pasca induksi, dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa. Perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan pemberian terapi selama 14 hari melalui rute peroral. Parameter uji pada penelitian ini adalah pengukuran kadar glukosa daraah pada hari ke 0, 7, dan 14, serta histopatologi organ pancreas. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak yang memberikan efek antidiabetes terbaik adalah ekstrak etanol daun sidaguri dosis 14 mg/KgBB namun belum mampu memperbaiki kondisi sel-sel pankreas sepenuhnya.
Technical note: Dispersion of cooking-generated aerosols from an urban street canyon
Authors: Gao Shang , Kurppa Mona , Chan Chak K. , Ngan Keith
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The dispersion of cooking-generated aerosols from an urban street canyon is examined with building-resolving computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using a comprehensive urban CFD model (PALM) with a sectional aerosol module (SALSA), emissions from deep-frying and boiling are considered for near-ground and elevated sources. With representative choices of the source flux, the inclusion of aerosol dynamic processes decreases the mean canyon-averaged number concentration by 15 %–40 % for cooking emissions, whereas the effect is significantly weaker for traffic-generated aerosols. The effects of deposition and coagulation are comparable for boiling, but coagulation dominates for deep-frying. Deposition is maximised inside the leeward corner vortices, while coagulation increases away from the source. The characteristic timescales are invoked to explain the spatial structure of deposition and coagulation. In particular, the relative difference between number concentrations for simulations with and without coagulation is strongly correlated with the ageing of particles along fluid trajectories or the mean tracer age. It is argued that, for a specific emission spectrum, the qualitative nature of the aerosol dynamics within urban canopies is determined by the ratio of the aerosol timescales to the relevant dynamical timescale (e.g. the mean age of air).
An assessment of macrophysical and microphysical cloud properties driving radiative forcing of shallow trade-wind clouds
Authors: Luebke Anna E. , Ehrlich André , Schäfer Michael , Wolf Kevin , Wendisch Manfred
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The clouds in the Atlantic trade-wind region are known to have an important impact on the global climate system. Acquiring a comprehensive characterization of these clouds based on observations is a challenge, but it is necessary for the evaluation of their representation in models. An exploration of how the macrophysical and microphysical cloud properties and organization of the cloud field impact the large-scale cloud radiative forcing is presented here. In situ measurements of the cloud radiative effects based on the Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation (BACARDI) on board the High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft (HALO) and cloud observations from the GOES-16 satellite collected during the ElUcidating the RolE of Cloud-Circulation Coupling in ClimAte (EUREC4A) campaign demonstrate what drives the cloud radiative effects in shallow trade-wind clouds. We find that the solar and terrestrial radiative effects of these clouds are largely driven by their macrophysical properties (cloud fraction and a scene-averaged liquid water path). We also conclude that the microphysical properties, cloud top height and organization of the cloud field increasingly determine the cloud radiative effects as the cloud fraction increases.
An investigation into the spectral parameters of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves in the polar caps and magnetotail
Authors: Nosikova Nataliya Sergeevna , Yagova Nadezda Viktorovna , Baddeley Lisa Jane , Lorentzen Dag Arne , Sormakov Dmitriy Anatolyevich
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The present case study is focused on fluctuations at ∼ 1.5 mHz
observed on open field lines in both of the polar caps in ground-based
geomagnetic data and in the electron concentration in the Northern Hemisphere
ionosphere. Coherent pulsations with a relatively narrow narrowband-like spectra and
a higher fraction of transversal components in the total spectral power
are also observed by the Cluster satellites in the magnetotail magnetic
field. Interestingly, the pulsations in the magnetotail started after
pulsations over a similar frequency range observed in the solar wind dynamic
pressure and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) had been switched off. This suggests evidence of an
internal resonant magnetotail mode which is normally masked by a higher-amplitude broadband ultra-low-frequency (ULF) “noise” of extra-magnetospheric origin.
Tracing the source of nitrate enriched in a forested stream during storm events
Authors: Ding Weitian , Tsunogai Urumu , Nakagawa Fumiko , Sambuichi Takashi , Sase Hiroyuki , Morohashi Masayuki , Yotsuyanagi Hiroki
Published: March 2022

Abstract. To clarify the source of nitrate increased during storm events in temperate forested streams, we monitored temporal variation in the concentrations and stable isotopic compositions including Δ17O of stream nitrate in a forested catchment (KJ catchment, Japan) during three storm events I, II, and III. The stream showed significant temporal variation in nitrate concentration, from 24.7 µM to 122.6 µM, from 28.7 µM to 134.1 µM, and from 46.6 µM to 114.5 µM during the storm events I, II, and III, respectively. On the other hand, the isotopic compositions (δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O) of stream nitrate showed a decrease in accordance with the increase in the stream nitrate concentration, from +2.5 ‰ to −0.1 ‰, from +3.0 ‰ to −0.5 ‰, and from +3.5 ‰ to −0.1 ‰ for δ15N, from +3.1 ‰ to −3.4 ‰, from +2.9 ‰ to −2.5 ‰, and from +2.1 ‰ to −2.3 ‰ for δ18O, and from +1.6 ‰ to +0.3 ‰, from +1.4 ‰ to +0.3 ‰, and from +1.2 ‰ to +0.5 ‰ for Δ17O during the storm events I, II, and III, respectively. Besides, we found strong linear relationships between the isotopic compositions (δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O) of stream nitrate and the reciprocal of stream nitrate concentrations during each storm event, implying that the temporal variation in the stream nitrate can be explained by simple mixing between two distinctive endmembers of nitrate having different isotopic compositions. Furthermore, we found that both concentrations and the isotopic compositions of soil nitrate obtained in the riparian zone of the stream were plotted on the nitrate-enriched extension of the linear relationship. We conclude that the soil nitrate in the riparian zone was responsible for the increase in stream nitrate during the storm events. In addition, we found that the concentration of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate in the stream was stable at 1.6 ± 0.4 µM, 1.8 ± 0.4 µM, and 2.1 ± 0.4 µM during the storm events I, II, and III, respectively, irrespective to the significant variations in the total nitrate concentration. We conclude that the storm events have little impacts on the concentration of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate in the stream and thus the annual export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate relative to the annual deposition flux can be a robust index to evaluate nitrogen saturation in forested catchments, irrespective to the variation in the number of storm events and/or the variation in the elapsed time from storm events to sampling.
1km Monthly Precipitation and Temperatures Dataset for China from 1952 to 2019 based on a Brand-New and High-Quality Baseline Climatology Surface
Authors: Gong Haibo , Liu Huiyu , Xiang Xueqiao , Jiao Fusheng , Cao Li , Xu Xiaojuan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Long-term climate data and high-quality baseline climatology surface with high resolution are essential to multiple fields including climatological, ecological, and environmental sciences. Here, we created a brand-new baseline climatology surface (ChinaClim_baseline) and developed a 1km monthly precipitation and temperatures dataset in China during 1952–2019 (ChinaClim_time-series). Thin plate spline (TPS) algorithm in each month with different model formulations by accounting for satellite-driven products and climatic research unit (CRU) datasets, was used to generate ChinaClim_baseline and monthly climate anomaly surface. Climatologically aided interpolation (CAI) was used to superimpose monthly anomaly surface with ChinaClim_baseline to generate ChinaClim_time-series. Our results showed that ChinaClim_baseline exhibited very high performance in four climatic regions with the RMSEs of precipitation and temperature elements estimation being 1.276 ~28.439 mm and 0.310 ~ 2.040 °C, respectively. The correlations among ChinaClim_baseline and WorldClim2 and CHELSA were high, but our results also captured clearly spatial differences among them. WorldClm2 and CHELSA might overestimated (or underestimated) climate events such as warming and drought in temperate continental region and high cold Tibetan plateau where weather stations were sparse. For ChinaClim_time-series, precipitation and temperature elements had average RMSEs between 7.502 mm ~ 52.307 mm, and 0.461 °C ~ 0.939 °C for all months, respectively. Compared with Peng’s climate surface and CHELSAcruts, R2 increased by ~ 7 %, RMSE and MAE decreased by ~ 17 % for precipitation; for temperature elements, R2 hardly increased, but RMSE and MAE decreased by ~50 %. Our results showed ChinaClim_baseline obviously improved the accuracy of time-series climatic elements estimation, and the satellite-driven data can greatly improve the accuracy of time-series precipitation estimation, but not the accuracy of time-series temperatures estimation. Overall, ChinaClim_baseline, an excellent baseline climatology surface, can be used for obtaining high-quality and long-term climate datasets from past to future. In the meantime, ChinaClim_time-series of 1km spatial resolution based on ChinaClim_baseline, is suitable for investigating the spatial-temporal patterns of climate changes and their impacts on eco-environmental systems in China. Here, ChinaClim_baseline is available at 10.5281/zenodo.5900743 (Gong, 2020a), ChinaClim_time-series of precipitation is available at 10.5281/zenodo.5919442 (Gong, 2020b), ChinaClim_time-series of maximum temperature is available at 10.5281/zenodo.5919448 (Gong, 2020c), ChinaClim_time-series of minimum temperature is available at 10.5281/zenodo.5919423 (Gong, 2020d) and ChinaClim_time-series of average temperature is available at 10.5281/zenodo.5919450 (Gong, 2020e).
Water quality, discharge and catchment attributes for large-sample studies in Germany – QUADICA
Authors: Ebeling Pia , Kumar Rohini , Lutz Stefanie R. , Nguyen Tam , Sarrazin Fanny , Weber Michael , Büttner Olaf , Attinger Sabine , Musolff Andreas
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Environmental data are the key to define and address water quality and quantity challenges at catchment scale. Here, we present the first large-sample water quality data set for 1386 German catchments covering a large range of hydroclimatic, topographic, geologic, land use and anthropogenic settings. QUADICA (water QUAlity, DIscharge and Catchment Attributes for large-sample studies in Germany) combines water quality with water quantity data, meteorological and nutrient forcing data, and catchment attributes. The data set comprises time series of riverine macronutrient concentrations (species of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon) and diffuse nitrogen forcing data at catchment scale (nitrogen surplus, atmospheric deposition and fixation). Time series are generally aggregated to an annual basis; however, for 140 stations with long-term water quality and quantity data (more than 20 years), we additionally present monthly median discharge and nutrient concentrations, flow-normalized concentrations and corresponding mean fluxes as outputs from weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season (WRTDS). The catchment attributes include catchment nutrient inputs from point and diffuse sources and characteristics from topography, climate, land cover, lithology and soils. This comprehensive, freely available data collection can facilitate large-sample data-driven water quality assessments at catchment scale as well as mechanistic modeling studies.
The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0. Part 1: climate model description and validation
Authors: Willeit Matteo , Ganopolski Andrey , Robinson Alexander , Edwards Neil R.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The newly developed fast Earth system model CLIMBER-X is presented. The climate component of CLIMBER-X consists of a 2.5D semi-empirical statistical-dynamical atmosphere model, a 3D frictional-geostrophic ocean model, a dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model and a land surface model. All model components are discretized on a regular lat-lon grid with a horizontal resolution of 5° × 5°. The model has a throughput of ~10,000 simulation years per day on a single node with 16 CPUs on a high performance computer and is designed to simulate the evolution of the Earth system on temporal scales ranging from decades to > 100,000 years. A comprehensive evaluation of the model performance for present day and the historical period shows that CLIMBER-X is capable of realistically reproducing many observed climate characteristics, with results that generally lie within the range of state-of-the-art general circulation models. The analysis of model performance is complemented by a thorough assessment of climate feedbacks and model sensitivities to changes in external forcings and boundary conditions. CLIMBER-X also includes a detailed representation of the global carbon cycle and is coupled to an ice sheet model, which will be described in separate papers. CLIMBER-X is available as open--source code and is expected to be a useful tool for studying past climate changes and for the investigation of the long-term future evolution of the climate.
Quantifying overlapping and differing information of global precipitation for GCM forecasts and El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Zhao Tongtiegang , Chen Haoling , Tian Yu , Chen Xiaohong
Published: March 2022

Abstract. While El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection has long been used in statistical hydroclimatic forecasting, global climate models (GCMs) provide increasingly available dynamical precipitation forecasts for hydrological modelling and water resources management. It is not yet known to what extent dynamical GCM forecasts provide new information compared to statistical teleconnection. This paper develops a novel Set Operations of Coefficients of Determination (SOCD) method to explicitly quantify the overlapping and differing information for GCM forecasts and ENSO teleconnection. Specifically, the intersection operation of the coefficient of determination derives the overlapping information for GCM forecasts and Niño3.4 index, and then the difference operation determines the differing information in GCM forecasts (Niño3.4 index) from Niño3.4 index (GCM forecasts). A case study is devised for the Coupled Forecast System model version 2 seasonal forecasts of global precipitation in December-January-February. The results show that the overlapping information for GCM forecasts and Niño3.4 index is significant for 34.94 % of global land grid cells, the differing information in GCM forecasts from Niño3.4 index is significant for 31.18 % of grid cells and the differing information in Niño3.4 index from GCM forecasts is significant for 11.37 % of grid cells. These results confirm the effectiveness of GCMs in capturing the ENSO-related variability of global precipitation and also illustrate where there is room for improvements of GCM forecasts. Furthermore, the bootstrapping-based significance tests of the three types of information facilitate in total eight patterns to disentangle the close but divergent association of GCM forecast correlation skill with ENSO teleconnection.
Hydrography and circulation in the vicinity of the central Getz Ice Shelf: two years of mooring observations
Authors: Dundas Vår , Darelius Elin , Daae Kjersti , Steiger Nadine , Nakayama Yoshihiro , Kim Tae-Wan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea are thinning rapidly as ocean currents bring warm water into the cavities beneath the floating ice. While the reported melt rates for the Getz ice shelf are comparatively low for the region, its size makes it one of the largest freshwater sources around Antarctica, with potential consequences for e.g. bottom water formation downstream. Here, we use two year long mooring records (2016–2018) and 16 year long regional model simulations to describe, for the first time, the hydrography and circulation in the vicinity of the ice front between Siple and Carney Island. We find that, throughout the mooring record, temperatures in the trough remain below 0.15 °C, more than 1 °C lower than in the neighboring Siple and Dotson Trough, and we observe a mean current (0.03 m s-1) directed towards the ice front. The variability in the heat transport towards the ice front appears to be governed by wind stress over the Amundsen Sea Polynya region, potentially through interactions with the coastal current, although this hypothesis could not be confirmed by the numerical model. The model simulations suggest that the heat content in the trough during the observed period was lower than normal, due to anomalously low summertime sea ice concentration and weak winds.