bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effect of soluble factors of M2 phenotype macrophages in children with language impairments
Authors: Shevela E. Ya. , Degtyareva V. G. , Sosnovskaya A. V. , Voronova E. V. , Kafanova M. Yu. , Rashchupkin I. M. , Ostanin A. A. , Chernykh E. R.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study was to assess safety and clinical efficacy of inhalation immunotherapy based on intranasal administration of bioactive factors produced by the M2 phenotype macrophages in children with language impairments, as well as to study the effect of inhalation immunotherapy on the cytokine profile in the patients' blood serum. The study was carried out according to the NCT04689282 protocol (www.ClinicalTrials.gov) and included 14 children (9 boys / 5 girls), aged 3 to 8 years, with language impairments associated with perinatal or postnatal CNS lesions of various origin. The children recruited into the study were assessed by a neurologist and speech therapist before the therapy, at the end of the course (1 month), and 6 months later. Serum samples for cytokine analysis were obtained before and 1 month after therapy. The course of intranasal inhalations by the conditioned M2 media (2 ml one time per day for 28-30 days) was safe and well tolerated. None of the 14 treated children had significant adverse reactions and severe undesirable events. Intranasal immunotherapy led to a decrease in the severity of language problems, which manifested by improved speech understanding by 45%; the sensorimotor level of speech, by 51%; word formation skills, by 72%, as well as a twofold increase in general and fine motor skills. In children with signs of autism spectrum disorders, along with a language improvement, a decrease in the severity of autistic symptoms was registered, as evidenced by statistically significant decrease in the CARS score from 42.5 to 38.5 after 1 month, and to 33 points after 6 months (p < 0.05). The clinical effect was revealed rather soon, i.e., within a month after the first procedure, being maintained or intensified during a follow-up for 6 months. At the same time, two-thirds of the children showed a clear clinical improvement, with insignificant effect in the rest of patients. Comparative analysis of the serum cytokine levels in these subgroups showed that children with a pronounced positive response to inhaled immunotherapy differed in the following parameters: (1) initially higher level of VEGF and IGF-1, and (2) decrease the level of TNFα in response to intranasal immunotherapy. In summary, we first tested a fundamentally new approach based on the use of soluble factors from M2-type macrophages and intranasal route of their administration in order to treat the children with severe language impairments, demonstrating safety and obtained preliminary data on effectiveness of such approach.
Studentų įsivertinimo edukacinė vertė
Authors: Vaičiūnienė Asta , Jucevičienė Palmira
Published: November 2021

Nors mokymosi ir jo rezultatų įsivertinimas, atliekamas studento, tampa neatsiejama šiuolaikinių studijų dalis, tačiau jis kelia nemažai klausimų. Kokia šio įsivertinimo edukacinė vertė pačiam studentui? Kaip galima ją padidinti? Kokią edukacinę vertę studento įsivertinimas teikia dėstytojui, studijų programai, universitetui? Straipsnis siekia atskleisti studentų įsivertinimo edukacinės vertės esmę ir prasmingumą šios vertės suvokimo įvairovės kontekste.
Metamokymasis pradiniame ugdyme: mokslinės literatūros analizė
Authors: Matulaitienė Jovita
Published: November 2021

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas pradiniame ugdyme vykstantis metamokymasis, kaip svarbus kognityvinis procesas, kurio metu besimokantieji geba mokytis savarankiškai, o įgytos žinios ir įgūdžiai padeda tapti mokančiais mokytis asmenimis. Tyrime analizuojami pradinių klasių mokinių savarankiško mokymosi komponentai, įgyvendinimo praktikos, problematika. Tyrimas pasirinktas atsižvelgiant į edukologijos mokslo tyrimuose augantį dėmesį metamokymosi strategijų taikymui ir kylantiems iššūkiams ankstyvame amžiuje.
Determination of some engineering properties of volcanic tuff using non-destructive method
Authors: Can Ömer
Published: November 2021

Volcanic tuffs extracted from the quarries of Bayburt province in Turkey are of three different types locally identified as white, yellow and green Bayburt stones. This study was intended to estimate the compressive strength of white, yellow and green Bayburt stones by non-destructive testing methods. For this, non-destructive tests such as the nail penetration test (NPT), Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) test and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test were performed. A uniaxial compression test was also performed so as to assess the accuracy of the results obtained from the non-destructive tests. For the NPT, nails manufactured for the gun having 27 and 39 mm length were used. In total, 45 nails were nailed and average the values were taken. Also, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and UPV tests were performed on 30 samples in total; furthermore, a total of 60 impacts for the SRH test were performed. The relationship between the results recorded from NPT and UCS, SRH and UPV was determined by regression analysis and comparison. The relative absolute errors between the measured values and the predicted values are below 4% for SRH-NPT comparison and below 9% for UPV-NPT comparison. This method of estimating the compressive strength, by using these non-destructive experiments, was appraised as suitable.
Methods of creating sports rankings based on selected examples
Authors: Miazek Artur , Podleśny Artur
Published: November 2021

Sports rankings play a very important role in modern sport. They most often determine who will be considered the favorite of a specific match or fight. In other cases, they decide on the seeding of a player (team) in the tournament, or determine whether he will be able to participate in it at all. There is no one consistent methodology for creating sports rankings. Each discipline has its own rules. Some are based on more or less complicated mathematical calculations, others are based on the subjective opinions of the experts who create them. In this study, we will look at sports rankings on the examples of football, chess and professional boxing, which represent completely different approaches to the methodology of creating rankings. The FIFA football ranking is based on multifactorial calculations taking into account, among other things, the type of match played, its result, and the expected result of the match based on the analysis of the strength of both teams. In professional boxing, no single ranking has been created so far and each federation proposes its own rankings, to which an alternative may be the system based on the algorithm proposed by boxrec.com. In chess, the Elo system remains the dominant way of classifying players, although alternative methods often turn out to be more precise.
Age of menarche in girls from the Lubusz Province with regard to the living environment, parents’ education, the number of children in the family and the standard of living
Authors: Tatarczuk Józef , Asienkiewicz Ryszard , Wandycz Artur , Hirko Adam
Published: November 2021

The aim of this article is to assess the maturity level of girls in the Lubusz Voivodeship depending on the living environment, parents’ education, the number of children in the family and the standard of living. The material consists of the results of research conducted among 10–18 year-old girls (after menarcheal age) in 2015–2017 in selected primary, middle and upper secondary schools. A total of 3,525 girls were examined. The data were collected by means of a diagnostic survey, using the retrospective method, the research technique was a questionnaire, and the research tool was a questionnaire. Basic statistical characteristics for each variable, one-way analysis of variance, significance level of differences and a test of independence were calculated. The questionnaire was also validated with the reliability coefficient of 0.68, which qualifies it for use in cross-sectional studies. As a result of the analysis of the material, it was found that the following girls matured the earliest those from medium-size and small towns, daughters of fathers with higher or vocational education, daughters of mothers with higher education, girls growing up in families with one child, girls from the richest families.
Programming the physical activity of seniors in local social policy
Authors: Majer Ryszard , Rodzik Jarosław
Published: November 2021

Extensive processes of aging naturally should arouse interest in local social policy wizards older people and keeping them in good health what undoubtedly contributes to physical activity. The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the extent of physical activity of older people is of interest to local government decision-makers in the process of programming of local social policy. Research methods and materials: The research was conducted on the basis of local social policy program documents, which should be compulsorily developed in each commune long-term strategies for solving social problems and (non-obligatory) local senior policy programs from the area of the Silesian Voivodeship. 155 strategies for solving social problems were analyzed (167 communes in the voivodship). Results: In the documents dominated inclusion of seniors in the diagnostic part (94 cases) and planning (85 cases) and only in the case of 11 local governments developed a separate program for senior citizens. Despite a number of indications regarding the physical activation of older people resulting from program documents undertaken at the European and national level, local documents deal with this issue marginally and it is clearly underestimated at the level of program declarations. Conclusions: Deficits in the activity of seniors at the level of program declarations seem to result from two basic factors, the lack of knowledge among the creators of local social policy, incl. social workers, who should be made sensitive to the above issues through properly profiled training, and the lack of effective lobbying which should be carried out by senior councils and non-governmental organizations.
The Leaf and Stem Anatomy of Two Endemic Salvia (Section Salvia, Lamiaceae) from Turkey: S. aucheri subsp. canascens and S. heldrichiana
Authors: EKŞİ Gülnur , YILMAZ Gülderen
Published: November 2021

Salvia L. has a wide variety of traditional usages as digestive, appetizer, carminative, antiseptic, stimulant, pain reliever, antipyretic, diuretic, antitussive and for bronchitis, asthma and cold. Anatomical features are extremely important for the taxonomy of Salvia species, especially leaf and stem represent many specific characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the distinctive anatomical structures of S. aucheri subsp. canascens (Boiss. & Heldr.) Celep, Kahraman & Doğan and S. heldreichiana Boiss. comparatively. The transverse-sections were taken from the leaf and stem to determine the anatomical features of two Salvia species. They differ in many anatomical characters like leaf type, which is bifacial and hypostomatic for S. aucheri subsp. canascens and monofacial and amphistomatic for S. heldreichiana. Besides, the leaf surfaces of both species are covered by different types of glandular trichomes. The midrib contains a big vascular bundle in S. aucheri subsp. canascens and has three big vascular bundles in S. heldreichiana. Additionally, the stem surface of S. aucheri subsp. canascens is glabrous while the stem is pilose in S. heldreichiana. In conclusion, our anatomical results were contributed to the taxonomy of S. aucheri subsp. canascens and S. heldreichiana and confirmed the importance of anatomy in the species level for the genus.
Anomaly Detection and Performance Analysis by Using Big Data Filtering Techniques For Healthcare on IoT Edges
Authors: KAYA Şükrü Mustafa , ERDEM Atakan , GÜNEŞ Ali
Published: November 2021

The IoT is a sensors world that detects countless physical events in our environment and transforms them into data, and transfers this data to different environments or digital systems. The usage areas of Internet of things-based technologies are constantly increasing and technologies are being developed to support the IoT infrastructure. But, in order to effectively manage the large number of big-data generate in the detection layer, it should be pre-processed and done in accordance with big-data standards. For the effective management of big data, it is imperative to improving the standards of the data set, and filtering methods are being developed for a higher quality data set. For instance, using data cleaning methods is a preprocessing method that facilitates data mining operations. In this way, more manageable data is obtained by preventing the formation of interference and big data can be managed more effectively. In this study, we investigate the efficient operation of IoT and big data originating from the internet of things. Additionally, real-time anomalous data filtering is performed on IoT edges with a data set consisting of six different data produced in real- time. Furthermore, the speed and accuracy performances of classifiers are compared, and machine learning algorithms such as the random cut forest-RCF, logistic regression-LR, naive bayes-NB, and neural network-NN classifiers are used for comparison. According to the accuracy performance values, the RCF and LR classifiers are very close, but considering the speed values, it is seen that the LR classifier is more successful in IoT systems.
Criminological and Criminal Law Signs of Mental Violence in Crimes Against Public Security Under the Criminal Law of Ukraine
Authors: Sobko Ganna
Published: November 2021

The author examines topical aspects of specifying mental violence in the criminal legislation of Ukraine on the basis of Articles from the Section «Crimes against Public Security», namely «Banditry», «Terrorist Acts», «Intentionally False Report about a Threat to Public Security, or a Threat of Property Destruction or Damage». Special attention is paid to the empirical data collected on the basis of indicators of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, the guilty verdicts of the courts of Ukraine under the above-mentioned Articles. On this basis, the author specifies objective attributes of the presence of mental violence in the above-mentioned crimes, analyzes their significance and, using the cases of court verdicts, proves the presence of mental violence. Mental violence is expressed through the use of the following terminology: coercion, compulsion, involvement, threats, recruitment, use of weapons, exerting psychological pressure against the victim, threat (of explosion, arson or other actions terrorizing the population, posing danger of human death, considerable damage to property or other grave consequences). The author has analyzed and presented the percentage ratio of all crimes under consideration and, using the conducted analysis, has developed recommendations on supplementing the formal components constituting these crimes with a compulsory object of the mental health of the population. Besides, having assessed the cumulative data from the survey of police officers whose work is connected with crime investigation, the author concludes that, within the framework of crimes against public security, such criminal means as involvement and coercion are varieties of mental violence which, through psychological influence, change a person’s mentality and behavior. To improve the professional competence of investigators in the spheres of psychology, criminal law and criminology, the author suggests developing for investigators an algorithm of actions for identifying mental violence in crimes against public security.
Legal Nature and Features a Continuing Crime
Authors: Obrazhiev Konstantin
Published: November 2021

The author singles out constituent features of a continuing crime: 1) a continuing crime, although legally completed, is happening continuously until its actual completion; 2) a continuing action has a complex two-element structure: the first element of the objective side of a continuing crime is the action or inaction of the guilty person that legally constitutes a crime, and the second element is the subsequent continuous behavior that «stretches» the objective side of the continuing crime in time; 3) a continuing crime is producing a non-stop destructive effect on the object of criminal law protection, and the long-term deformation of this object happens because of the action itself, not the consequences caused by it; 4) by committing a continuing crime, the person preserves conscious control over the action after its legal completion, regulates his behavior, controls the process of inflicting harm on the object of criminal law protection, which makes it possible to recognize the person as active (non-active) in the criminal law sense; 5) only a crime with a formal construct of corpus delicti can be continuing.
The abovementioned features together could act as reliable criteria for determining the chronological boundaries of specific criminal actions, as a key to resolving theoretical disputes and law enforcement problems connected with classifying a certain action as continuing.
The article stresses that the permanent character of a continuing crime cannot be explained through the prism of the theory of a continuing criminal condition. Such an interpretation of a continuing crime, common in Russian and foreign research, contradicts the established tenets of the classical theory of crime. Only an act in the form of action or inaction can be recognized as a continuing crime, but not a state, situation, or status. Based on this, the author gives a critical assessment of Art. 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that provides for the liability for holding the highest position in a criminal hierarchy.
The objective side of a continuing crime has the following manifestations: 1) continuing criminal inaction; 2) a crime legally completed by an action, and continuing through inaction; 3) continuing action. Based on this, the author states that the description of a continuing crime contained in the Decree of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the USSR of March 4, 1929 No. 23 (edition of the Decree of the Plenary Session of March 14, 1963, No. 1) should be specified.
Adalékok Árpád-házi és Portugáliai Szent Erzsébet kora újkori ikonográfiájához: Johannes Molanus
Authors: Szűcs Kata Ágnes
Published: November 2021

Árpád-házi és Portugáliai Szent Erzsébet két párhuzamos életpályájú királylány, akik ugyanazt a karitatív, ferences eszmeiségből eredeztethető női szentséget képviselik. Ez a 13. századtól megjelenő új női szentségmodell fontos szerepet biztosított az uralkodó és a nemesi családok női sarjainak. A család dicsőségét ugyanis egyre inkább a javaikról lemondó, fogadott szegénységben élő, életüket a rászorulók megsegítésének és a betegek ápolásának szentelő királynők és nemes asszonyok vitték tovább.
Pázmány Péter pozsonyi magánkönyvtárának újabb tizenhárom kötete
Authors: M. Horváth Mária
Published: November 2021

A közelmúltban több Pázmány könyvtárából származó könyv is felbukkant. Tanulmányomban az általam megtalált tizenhárom kötet, tizennégy mű kutatási történetét, illetve bibliográfiai leírását adom.
A magyar nyomda-, könyv-, sajtóés könyvtártörténeti szakirodalom 2015-ben
Authors: Borvölgyi Györgyi , Hegyközi Ilona
Published: November 2021

A magyar nyomda-, könyv-, sajtóés könyvtártörténeti szakirodalom 2015-ben
Ludwig August Frankl (1810–1894), Eine jüdische Biographie zwischen Okzident und Orient. Hrsg. von Louise Hecht, Köln, Weimar, Wien, Böhlau Verlag, 2016 (Intellektuelles Prag im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Bd. 10.)
Authors: Rózsa Mária
Published: November 2021

A bécsi irodalmi és kulturális élet meghatározó és megbecsült alakja volt hosszú élete során a költő, író, folyóirat-szerkesztő Ludwig August Frankl (Chrást, 1810 – Bécs, 1894), aki németül író csehnek tekintette magát, ahogy azt Mezzofanti bíborosnak, a Vatikáni könyvtár igazgatójának is leszögezte ifjúkori olaszországi utazása alkalmával.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПОНЯТИИ «ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ» В РОССИЙСКОМ ПРАВЕ
Authors: Михаил Александрович Федотов
Published: November 2021

Статья «К вопросу о понятии «политическая деятельность» в российском праве» посвящена рассмотрению дискуссионных вопросов современного отечественного законодательства о некоторых категориях юридических и физических лиц, для которых обязательным признаком является участие в политической деятельности на территории Российской Федерации. Понятие политической деятельности анализируется применительно к таким субъектам публично-правовых отношений как политические партии, общественные объединения, преследующие политические цели, иные некоммерческие организации, иностранные средства массовой информации и т.д.
Indigenous knowledge on camel milk and camel milk products hygienic handling, processing and utilization in Borana Area, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Bekele , Anaf Oneta , Adem Kumbe , Beshir Husein
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted to assess traditional camel milk and camel milk products handling, preservation and processing, as well as utilization in Borana area. A total of 132 and 24 respondents were selected from milk producers and supplies, respectively through purposive sampling technique and interviewed on various aspects of camel milk and camel milk products using a single-visit multiple-subject diagnostic survey. Survey results revealed that the majority of camel dairying was done by women. Result showed hygienic handling of camel milk and milk products of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists was poor. Respondents reported that they preserved camel milk by washing and smoking milk vessels, keeping milk in a cold place and processing into other milk products. All most all respondents use camel milk mainly in its raw state for home consumption. Most of the respondents in the study area traditionally process camel milk into other camel milk products mainly during surplus milk production. The major product produced by respondents was fermented sour camel milk, locally named chuuchee. According to respondents lack of cooling facilities, improper collection center, lack of milk collection equipment, market milk selling shed, quick spoilage of milk due to the hot environment, seasonality of milk supply and marketing are the main constraints. Establishment of milk collection centers and introduction of small-scale milk processing plants with market linkage might help to solve camel milk hygienic handling and marketing problems in the study area.
[RETRACTED] SCAM ALERT!! Guardian Botanicals Blood Balance Australia – Does Guardian Botanicals Blood Balance Australia Really Work? v1
Authors: not provided greenfastdietsharktankreviews
Published: November 2021

[RETRACTED]

Health
Assurance on non-financial information in Spain
Authors: Bollas Araya Helena María , Sierra-García Laura
Published: November 2021

By means of the Directive 2014/95/EU, the EU established new requirements regarding the disclosure of non-financial information (NFI). The Spanish Act 11/2018 expands these requirements, imposing mandatory external assurance on NFI. This is a pioneering study in Spain, since it was conducted during the first year in which external assurance is mandatory. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether Spanish listed companies fulfil this requirement and to compare assurance practices before the entry into force of the Act and afterwards. Our findings indicate that some companies still fail to adopt external assurance in spite of being mandatory. We found no significant association between the choice of type of assuror and the entry into force of the Act, but this choice depends on some corporate characteristics. On the other hand, we found that the Act implementation and the type of assuror are associated with some assurance features.
El reporte integrado de EPM a la luz de la gestión de impresiones: una aproximación al análisis de información gráfica en Colombia
Authors: Avendano Florez David Andres , Rojas Madero Johana Katerine , Beltrán Torres César Yamith
Published: November 2021

A lo largo de los últimos veinte años, se ha incrementado la divulgación de informes no financieros, especialmente, en las empresas pertenecientes a industrias con altos impactos ambientales y sociales. Lasmotivaciones de la divulgación de información ha sido objeto de estudio en empresas con deteriorada reputación y legitimidad, puesto que este tipo de informes pueden servir para transmitir a los usuarios información sesgada que logre garantizar la aceptación social a través de diversas manifestaciones por parte de la administración. En este artículo, se analizó la presencia de Gestión de Impresión (GI) en información financiera y no financiera revelada en el Reporte Integrado (RI) 2015 de Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM). Desde un enfoque interpretativo y usando técnicas de: selectividad, y distorsión gráfica se evaluó si la información gráfica es usada para aumentar la transparencia y claridad o por el contrario para incidir en la impresión pública de los usuarios. Se encontró que EPM no tuvo intención decidida de auto favorecerse, pues el 40% de los gráficos favorecieron a EPM, el 30% desfavorables y otro 30%, no presenta GI.
Accountability, marketing relacional y grupos de interés en el transporte aéreo colombiano
Authors: Rincon-Novoa Jeisson , Rojas-Berrio Sandra , Garcia-Peña Bibiana
Published: November 2021

Producto de las relaciones existentes entre las organizaciones con sus grupos de interés o stakeholders, se han desarrollado estrategias de comunicación de sus acciones e iniciativas en aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales mediante la emisión de informes anuales como parte de su proceso de rendición de cuentas, de manera que sirvan de base para que los stakeholders evalúen la conducta empresarial. Sin embargo, se ha podido evidenciar que la producción de información tanto financiera como no financiera responde a una estrategia de marketing relacional con el fin de conservar solo ciertos grupos de interés dentro de las organizaciones. Así pues, este trabajo pretende evaluar el comportamiento del accountability como herramienta de marketing relacional dirigido a los grupos de interés dentro del sector de transporte aéreo colombiano, mediante la construcción de una matriz de observación que permita caracterizar dicho comportamiento en el sector.
Indirect electrochemical degradation of acetaminophen: process performance, pollutant transformation, and matrix effects evaluation
Authors: Serna-Galvis Efraím A. , Palma-Goyes Ricardo E. , Torres-Palma Ricardo Antonio , Ramírez Juan Esteban
Published: November 2021

Acetaminophen (ACE), a highly consumed pharmaceutical, was degraded in aqueous matrices by reactive chlorine species (RCS) electrogenerated using Ti/IrO2 electrodes. Although this pollutant has been extensively treated by electrochemical techniques, little information is known about its degradation in fresh urine by electrogenerated RCS, and the understanding of its transformations using analyses of atomic charge. In this work, these two topics were discussed. Initially, the effect of current (10-40 mA) and supporting electrolyte (considering typical ions present in surface water and urine (Cl- and SO42-)) on the electrochemical system was evaluated. Then, the kinetics and primary transformations products involved in the elimination of ACE were described. It was found that, in distilled water, the process at 40 mA in NaCl presence led to 100 % of ACE degradation (10 min, 0.056 Ah L-1). Theoretical analyses of atomic charge for ACE indicated that the amide group is the most susceptible to attacks by RCS such as HOCl. On the other hand, degradation of acetaminophen in synthetic fresh urine was slower (21% of degradation after 60 min of treatment) than in distilled water. This was attributed to the other substances in the urine matrix, which induce competition for the degrading RCS.
Influence of electromagnetic radiation of millimetre range on the optical properties the hemoglobin
Authors: Martyniuk V. , Tseysler Y. , Nurishchenko N.
Published: November 2021

The biological activity of millimeter electromagnetic radiation (MEMR) has long been known that is the basis for its use in medicine. But the primary biophysical mechanisms of this factor at the molecular level remain poorly understood and debated. Because of it the features of the influence of microwave radiation on the optical properties of water solutions of hemoglobin with the aim to characterize the certain structural state of hemoglobin were investigated in this research.
The object of the study was the optical properties of aqueous solutions of human hemoglobin in the concentration range of 7 and 15 μM and in the temperature range 10–40°C.
The optical spectra were recorded by using a BiospecMini (Shimadzu) spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 190–1100 nm. In order to increase the accuracy of the analysis of spectral data the spectra were normalized relative to the baseline which was taken as a line that ran parallel to the horizontal axis due to the minimum value of the optical density in the absorption spectrum. The values of the absorption maxima and the optical density were used as the main parameters of the absorption
spectra. The B-spline function was used to more accurately determine these parameters.
Microwave exposure of hemoglobin solutions was performed at wavelength of 7,1 mm with power that calculated to be approximately 6mW. This power of electromagnetic radiation corresponds to the conditional limit range between thermal and non-thermal action of this factor.
The dependence of the optical properties of hemoglobin in the spectral range of heme absorption on temperature was analyzed and effects of microwave radiation on the optical properties of hemoglobin solutions were considered in frame of hypochromic effects induced by temperature. It was revealed that the parameters of the absorption spectrum of an aqueous
solution of hemoglobin depend on temperature. The optical density in the Sore band and the spectral bands of the oxygenated form of hemoglobin decreases upon temperature increase. The observed temperature hypochromic effect is associated with increased protein aggregation.
The effect of MEMR leads to a small but statistically significant hypochromism in the spectra of hemoglobin absorption that testifies an increase in protein aggregation under the action of this physical factor which cause the changes in the hydration of protein molecules. This effect depends on the protein concentration and is not detected at low concentrations.
Betaine influence on the endothelial cells
Authors: Kalynovska K. , Fedyshyn P. , Kalachniuk L. , Garmacnhuk L. , Smirnov O.
Published: November 2021

The use of betaine as a bioactive substance remains relevant due to its role in methylation processes (including methionine), antioxidant protection of cells for lipid metabolism, participation in anti-inflammatory processes and stabilization of the endothelial-epithelial barrier as a powerful regulator of metabolic processes in cells and tissues. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the direct effect of betaine on cultured endothelial cells. The objectives of the work were to analyze the literature on the use of betaine as a donor of methyl groups and osmoprotector (especially the use of its osmotolytic properties), and to conduct experimental studies of its effect on endothelial cells. The effect of betaine on endothelial cells (RAE lines) was studied using traditional methodological approaches: MTT test to determine the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and cell survival, assessment of glucose uptake and morphological properties of endothelial cells.
The results of the study of the effect of betaine on endothelial cells showed no toxic effects, increased concentration of endothelial cells compared with control of its level of 0,5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml when stained with trypan blue, increased optical absorption due to reduction of formazan by mitochondrial enzymes in living cells within its concentrations of 1–4 mg/ml by MTT test, increasing the activity of mitochondrial oxidoreductases per unit of living cells at its concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/ml, the highest absorption of glucose by cells at 0,125 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of the biological product, compared with the control there were morphological differences of cells, namely: elongation, greater number of processes and the formation of structures that had signs of procapillary. Therefore, betaine at a concentration of 1 mg/ml may serve as a kind of standard of positive effects on endothelial cells in subsequent studies of bioactive drugs.
Pentanema divaricatum Cass. (Inuleae, Asteraceae), A New Record for the Flora of Turkey
Authors: YAPAR Yakup , BEHÇET Lütfi
Published: November 2021

Pentanema divaricatum species was collected from Arıcak (Elazığ) district in Turkey and it was given a new record for the Flora of Turkey. The description, details photographs and distribution maps of this new record are also given.
Microbonos. una alternativa de inversión para los estratos uno, dos y tres
Authors: Ariza Garzón Miller Janny , Reyes Quintanilla Elsa Susana , Velasco Cardona Luisa Fernanda
Published: November 2021

Los microbonos son una alternativa de inversión para las personas que tienen capitales pequeños y que en la actualidad no confían sus recursos a una entidad financiera, por lo cual prefieren dejar el dinero guardado en casa. Con este nuevo instrumento financiero lo que se busca es que las personas de los menores estratos puedan acceder al mercado de capitales y cambien la perspectiva de ahorro.
Languages on the Signs in Burwood, Sydney
Authors:   Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Chin, Wu Jiawen
Published: November 2021

Research shows that aboriginal people, the Wangal people, had been lived in the suburb of Burwood for 11,000 years since the British colony arrived in 1788. After the British came, this suburb started to develop as many other European cities did. Houses, roads and other different infrastructural facilities were built and population were getting larger and larger. English is the dominant language in Burwood and this essay is going to present a linguistic landscapes study which aims at exploring how the languages on the signs reflect or interact with the local people and communities.
A Study on Motivation Orientations of English Learners in Management Major
Authors:   the School of Foreign Studies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi‘an, Shaanxi, 710129, China, Xu Wei , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2021

Based on the motivation theory, this study aims to investigate the motivational orientations of the English learners from Management majors. 32 graduate students participated in the questionnaire and accomplished the interview in this research. Based on the statistics processed by SPSS, it is found that (1) instrumental orientation is significantly stronger than the integrative type; (2) among all the motivation items, the most three significant motivations are preparing for a future career, desiring to be a knowledgeable person and passing exams. Besides, based on the analysis of interview, a model of major-oriented, international and nested systems of instrumental motivation was constructed, indicating the interrelationship between motivational factors: globalization, social expectation, university policy, major needs and learner factors. It is expected that this study can provide some implications to English teaching to management students with the investigation of the systematic structure of their motivations.
Making History Possible: Logograph in China and Hieroglyph in Central America
Authors:   the Vanke Meisha Academy, China, Chen Yi
Published: November 2021

In the following paper, I will compare and contrast the development of script in two different writing systems: the Mayan and the Chinese. This paper will demonstrate how each system employed writing to map language into a durable technology for communication. By doing so, I will provide the general information that introduces readers to the origin, purpose, and function of the two writing systems. Through analysis of the development of Mayan and Chinese writing systems, the paper also shows that significant aspects of culture were preserved and transmitted by written materials as they contribute to the continuation of the two civilizations. This approach also has the benefit of emphasizing the strong relationship between culture and writing. Studying the origins, development, and use of writing in these two cultures mitigates against the tendency to devalue certain cultures. A study of both Chinese and Mayan writing is especially important since both cultures developed scripts that did not borrow from the writing systems of other civilizations.
Marketing Inscribed: A Corpus Linguistics Comparison of Academic and Practitioner Marketing Publications
Authors:   Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH 45501 USA, Bode Tim , Jackson Ross A.
Published: November 2021

Differences in intent perpetuate well-established gaps between academics and practitioners. Strategic determinations manifest distinctive positionings situated along the spectrums of theory/praxis and rigor/relevance. Comprised of elements of art and science, marketing is a domain uniquely situated for examining this gap. Such an understanding holds international relevance as business competition is increasingly global. Once inscribed, marketing publications lend themselves to scrutiny and provide a point for assessing discontinuities in content between scholars and professionals. Through an application of corpus linguistics approaches frequently used bigrams and themes emerged which illustrate significant gaps in content. Specifically, this research suggests that where both groups focus on marketing themes, practitioners focus on media, technology and temporal positioning, and academics focus on customer relations, economics and scientific rigor. Such an understanding assists those engaged in marketing to refine their search for information and potentially enhance their marketing efficacy.
3D investigation of semi-underground room comfort in a desert climate
Authors: MESSAOUDI Mohammed Tahar , DOKKAR Boubekeur , KHENFER Naoui , BENZID Mohamed Cherif
Published: November 2021

In Algeria, the residential sector registries a high rate of energy consumption which requires an important action for rationalizing this charge and integrating renewable energies. Partic- ularly, the geothermal energy with its less intermittence presents an attractive candidate to reinforce energy-saving and building thermal comfort. In this paper, geothermal energy is used to create a favorable environment for creating a better life inside a semi-buried build- ing during the very hot period in the desert climate of southern Algeria. The cooled room is buried in rocky soil until 3 m depth, and only 0.5 m of the room high is above the ground level. The upper parts of southern and northern room walls are provided by small windows for aeration and lighting purposes. Inside room the air flow is modeled by Navier-Stocks and energy equations. The computational domain is taken as 3D design, and the prediction of temperature is calculated by ANSYS-Fluent code. For the base case, at 2 m height, the indoor temperature fluctuates between 30 and 33°C which is in good concordance with experimental data. For reducing the indoor temperature, some simple design modifications are introduced and a small ventilation system is installed. The new results show that the indoor temperature does not exceed 25 °C at the height of 2 m, therefore the temperature for height between 2 and 3 m it fluctuates between 25 and 26 °C. This indoor thermal behavior ensures acceptable cooling with negligible electricity consumption.
Rational use and cost variation analysis of antitussive-expectorants available in the Indian market: a pharmacoeconomic study
Authors: Manjhi Pramod Kumar , Singh Sunil Kumar , Kumar Chakrapani , Rana Akhilesh Kumar
Published: November 2021

Background: Antitussive-expectorants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs by physicians in clinical practice. Upper respiratory tract infections, such as common cold, acute pharyngitis and acute trachea-bronchitis, are the most common of all communicable diseases and significantly increase OPD burden. This study aimed to assess the rational use, cost ratio, and percentage cost variations in different brands of the commonly prescribed antitussive-expectorants available in the Indian market.Methods: The cost of antitussive-expectorant manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was obtained by using drug today Jan-April 2021 vol 2. The maximum and minimum price was noted down, cost ratio and percentage cost variation of the individual formulation were analysed.  Results: Analysis of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each formulation of the antitussive-expectorants drug, syrup (100 ml) chlorpheniramine (2 mg), dextromethorphan (10 mg), phenylephrine (5 mg) combinations show the highest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as 5.30 and 430.25 respectively, and syrup (100 ml) dextromethorphan (10 mg), guaifenesin (100 mg), phenylephrine (25 mg), chlorpheniramine (4 mg) combinations show lowest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as 1.17 and 17.69 respectively.Conclusions: There was a wide variation in the cost of different brands of antitussive-expectorant drugs available in the Indian market. So, clinicians should be aware of rational use and variations in cost to reduce the treatment cost and increase patient compliance.
Anaesthesia and anaesthesiologist speciality's knowledge assessment of paramedics in armed forces hospital: a questionnaire study
Authors: Kamewad Amit Kumar , Sharma Shambhu Prasad , Eapen Sunny , Gupta Tarun
Published: November 2021

Background: Science of anaesthesia has revolutionized from traditional only application of relieving patient from pain induced during surgery to wide spectrum approaches like palliative care, critical care, perioperative care along with pain management. Despite of such critical roles in health care sector there is still a lack of awareness about anaesthesiology and anaesthesiologists. Current investigation was aimed towards assessing the awareness of paramedical staff regarding the role of anesthesiology.Methods: Current investigation was a prospective cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted on 100 paramedical staff posted in different departments of military hospital Jaipur.  All the study participants were interviewed face to face orally by an investigator using the set of questions listed in the questionnaire. Participants responses were documented and statistically represented as percentage.Results: Current study findings reveal that even though majority of the study participants (91) had experience more than 5 years in the hospital and most of them (˃90%) of participants were having educational level of higher secondary or graduation still the role of anaesthesiologist outside operation theatre was poorly known to paramedical staff. It was also observed in current investigation that role of anesthetist in pain clinic was poorly known to most of the participating paramedical staff.Conclusions: Providing knowledge about expertise of anesthesiologist among paramedical staffs by incorporating anaesthesia in the curriculum, in house training programs, use of pamphlets, internet and other easily assessable techniques is highly desirable for spreading awareness of anaesthesia and anesthetist among paramedical staff, so that patient can avail anaesthesia related services effectively.
Validation of N95 respirator mask for the Re-use in the pandemic crisis
Authors: S Sathyavathi , M P Nandini , Rao Prasanna Simha Mohan , Manohar Prabhu , J Naveena , K Kavitha
Published: November 2021

The SARS COVID 19 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic has created a surge in the need for N95 respirators all across the world. Health care systems are struggling to find a way to cleanse and decontaminate the N95 masks for reuse. To combat the crisis there is a need to validate the N95 mask for efficiency and air filterability on repeated exposure to UV irradiation and vaporized hydrogen peroxide with equal parts of normal saline.

To validate N95 respirator mask by using UVGI (Ultra Violet Germicidal Irradiation) method using UV hood and VHP (Vaporized Hydrogen peroxide 6% with equal volume saline 0.9% using an OT fogger machine).

VHP decontamination is the method of choice to repeatedly re-sterilize N95 masks.

Decontamination by the VHP method is more efficient in killing microorganisms within a short duration of exposure (60 minutes). The method retains the texture of the mask material, re-usability and air filterability even with repeated exposure (up to 10 times). UVGI does sterilize the mask but is inferior to VHP in retaining air filterability.
Bacteriological profile and their antibiogram from Endotracheal aspirate and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from intensive care unit patients
Authors: Sharma Vasundhara , Chitrans Pallavi , Maqusood Mazher , Farooq Umar , Singh Sudhir , Sharma Shweta R , Ahmad Imran
Published: November 2021

Bacterial respiratory infections are most commonly causes of illness for all age group patients in ICU. Most of the patients suffer from urosepsis, postoperative disease and lower respiratory infection when admitted in ICU’s. The main purpose of this study is control in ICU’s infection & determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern for better treatment of patients.

Bacteriological profile and their antibiogram from endotracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from intensive care unit patients.

We performed manual culture of Endotracheal aspirate & BAL fluid specimens collected from ICU’s patients. Samples were cultured on Blood agar and Mac-Conkey agar then incubated at 37C for 24 hours. Any growth were further confirmed by Gram stain and appropriate biochemical tests, and then Antibiotic sensitivity test was done.

Among the 123 mechanically ventilated patients and 68 of them developed positive samples. In this study 55.3% (68) pathogenic isolates, 4.1% (5) were non pathogenic isolates and 40.6 (50) were no growth isolates in BAL and endotracheal aspirate samples. In which 67.6% (46) male and 32.4% (22) female patients. Older population falling in the 40-50 years of age group contributes the majority (27.64%) of the infection undergoing treatment for LRT infection in ICU’s patients in TMMC & RC, Moradabad, and in 70-80 years of age group (4.06%) was less contributes of this infection. Among the causative agents, were most common among gram negatives and was common among the gram positive isolates. In our study more resistance gram positive antibiotics were CIP, E, LE, and most sensitive antibiotics were VA, LZ, GEN and TEI. And gram negative bacteria most resistant antibiotics were OF, CPM, CAZ, CIP, CTR, MRP, LE, IPM, PIT and most sensitive antibiotics were AK, GEN, CL, TGC. In this study we conclude that Gram-negative bacilli were predominant in BAL fluid and endotracheal aspirates of ICU patients. Out of 68 multidrug resistance isolates, 1.47% were MRSA, 41.17% were ESBL and 57.36% were MBL isolates higher rate of ESBL production seen in spp., and higher rate of MBL production in spp.

High incidence of VAP and the potential MDR pathogens are a real threat in our ICU’s. Combined approach of judicious antibiotic usage and training programs to health care personnel might be of help in combatting high incidence of antibiotic resistance in our institute.