bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The climatology of the Brewer–Dobson circulation and the contribution of gravity waves
Authors: Sato Kaoru , Hirano Soichiro
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The climatology of residual mean circulation – a main component of the
Brewer–Dobson circulation – and the potential contribution of gravity waves
(GWs) are examined for the annual mean state and each season in the whole
stratosphere based on the transformed-Eulerian mean zonal momentum equation
using four modern reanalysis datasets. Resolved and unresolved waves in the
datasets are respectively designated as Rossby waves and GWs, although
resolved waves may contain some GWs. First, the potential contribution of
Rossby waves (RWs) to residual mean circulation is estimated from
Eliassen–Palm flux divergence. The rest of residual mean circulation, from
which the potential RW contribution and zonal mean zonal wind tendency are
subtracted, is examined as the potential GW contribution, assuming that the
assimilation process assures sufficient accuracy of the three components used
for this estimation. The GWs contribute to drive not only the summer
hemispheric part of the winter deep branch and low-latitude part of shallow
branches, as indicated by previous studies, but they also cause a
higher-latitude extension of the deep circulation in all seasons except for
summer. This GW contribution is essential to determine the location of the
turn-around latitude. The autumn circulation is stronger and wider than that
of spring in the equinoctial seasons, regardless of almost symmetric RW and
GW contributions around the Equator. This asymmetry is attributable to the
existence of the spring-to-autumn pole circulation, corresponding to the
angular momentum transport associated with seasonal variation due to the
radiative process. The potential GW contribution is larger in
September-to-November than in March-to-May in both hemispheres. The upward
mass flux is maximized in the boreal winter in the lower stratosphere, while
it exhibits semi-annual variation in the upper stratosphere. The boreal
winter maximum in the lower stratosphere is attributable to stronger RW
activity in both hemispheres than in the austral winter. Plausible
deficiencies of current GW parameterizations are discussed by comparing the
potential GW contribution and the parameterized GW forcing.
Accounting for the vertical distribution of emissions in atmospheric CO2 simulations
Authors: Brunner Dominik , Kuhlmann Gerrit , Marshall Julia , Clément Valentin , Fuhrer Oliver , Broquet Grégoire , Löscher Armin , Meijer Yasjka
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Inverse modeling of anthropogenic and biospheric CO2
fluxes from ground-based and satellite observations critically depends on the
accuracy of atmospheric transport simulations. Previous studies emphasized
the impact of errors in simulated winds and vertical mixing in the planetary
boundary layer, whereas the potential importance of releasing emissions not
only at the surface but distributing them in the vertical was largely
neglected. Accounting for elevated emissions may be critical, since more than
50 % of CO2 in Europe is emitted by large point sources such as
power plants and industrial facilities. In this study, we conduct
high-resolution atmospheric simulations of CO2 with the mesoscale
Consortium for Small-scale Modeling model extended with a
module for the simulation of greenhouse gases (COSMO-GHG) over a domain covering the city of Berlin and several
coal-fired power plants in eastern Germany, Poland and Czech Republic. By
including separate tracers for anthropogenic CO2 emitted only at the
surface or according to realistic, source-dependent profiles, we find that
releasing CO2 only at the surface overestimates near-surface
CO2 concentrations in the afternoon on average by 14 % in summer
and 43 % in winter over the selected model domain. Differences in
column-averaged dry air mole XCO2 fractions are smaller, between
5 % in winter and 8 % in summer, suggesting smaller yet non-negligible
sensitivities for inversion modeling studies assimilating satellite rather
than surface observations. The results suggest that the traditional approach
of emitting CO2 only at the surface is problematic and that a proper
allocation of emissions in the vertical deserves as much attention as an
accurate simulation of atmospheric transport.
The mechanisms and meteorological drivers of the ozone–temperature relationship
Authors: Porter William C. , Heald Colette L.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Surface ozone (O3) pollution levels are strongly correlated with daytime surface temperatures, especially in highly polluted regions. This correlation is nonlinear and occurs through a variety of temperature dependent mechanisms related to O3 precursor emissions, lifetimes, and reaction rates, making the reproduction of temperature sensitivities – and the projection of associated human health risks – a complex problem. Here we explore the summertime O3–temperature relationship in the United States and Europe using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. We remove the temperature dependence of several mechanisms most frequently cited as causes of the O3–temperature climate penalty, including: PAN decomposition, soil NOx emissions, biogenic VOC emissions, and dry deposition. We quantify the contribution of each mechanism to the overall correlation between O3 and temperature both individually and collectively. Through this analysis we find that the thermal decomposition of PAN can explain, on average, 20 % of the overall O3–temperature correlation in the United States. The effect is weaker in Europe, explaining 9 % of the overall O3–temperature relationship. The temperature dependence of biogenic emissions contributes 3 % and 9 % of the total O3–temperature correlation in the United States and Europe on average, while temperature dependent deposition (6 % and 1 %) and soil NOx emissions (10 % and 7 %) also contribute. Even considered collectively these mechanisms explain less than 46 % of the modeled O3–temperature correlation in the United States and 36 % in Europe. We use commonality analysis to demonstrate that covariance with other meteorological phenomena such as stagnancy and humidity can explain the bulk of the remainder of the O3–temperature correlation. Thus, we demonstrate that the statistical correlation between O3 and temperature alone may greatly overestimate the direct impacts of temperature on O3, with implications for the interpretation of policy-relevant metrics such as climate penalty.
Caution with Spectroscopic NO2 Reference Cells (Cuvettes)
Authors: Platt Ulrich , Kuhn Jonas
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric trace gases, e.g. by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) are frequently supported by recording the trace gas column density (CD) in absorption cells (cuvettes), which are temporarily inserted into the light-path. The idea is to verify the proper working of the instruments, to check the spectral registration (wavelength calibration and spectral resolution), and to perform some kind of calibration (absolute determination of trace gas CDs). In principle DOAS applications do not require absorption cell calibration, however in practice measurements with absorption cells in the spectrometer’s light path are frequently performed. In addition, trace gas absorption cells are used as a central component in gas correlation spectroscopy instruments. Here we show at the example of NO2 absorption cells that the effective CD seen by the instrument can deviate greatly from expected values (by orders of magnitude). Analytical calculations and kinetic model studies show the dominating influence of photolysis and dimerisation of NO2. In particular, this means that the partial pressure of NO2 in the cell matters. However, problems can be particular severe at high NO2 pressures (around 105 Pa) as well as low NO2 partial pressures (of the order of a few 100 Pa). Also, it can be of importance whether the cell contains pure NO2 or is topped up with air or oxygen (O2). Some suggestions to improve the situation are discussed.
Intercomparison of aerosol volume size distributions derived from AERONET ground based remote sensing and LARGE in situ aircraft profiles during the 2011–2014 DRAGON and DISCOVER-AQ experiments
Authors: Schafer Joel S. , Eck Tom F. , Holben Brent N. , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Ziemba Luke D. , Sawamura Patricia , Slutsker Ilya , Anderson Bruce E. , Sinyuk Alexander , Giles David , Smirnov Alexander , Beyersdorf Andreas J. , Winstead Edward L.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Aerosol volume size distributions (VSD) retrievals from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol monitoring network were obtained during multiple DRAGON (Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observational Network) conducted in Maryland, California, Texas and Colorado from 2011 to 2014 . These VSD products were used during field campaigns to make comparisons with near simultaneous in situ sampling from aircraft profiles carried out by the NASA Langley Aerosol Group Experiment (LARGE) team as part of four campaigns comprising the DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) experiments. For coincident (± 1 hour) measurements there were a total of 91 profile-averaged fine mode size distributions acquired with the LARGE Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) instrument matched to 153 AERONET size distributions retrieved from almucantars at 22 different ground sites. These volume size distributions were characterized by two fine mode parameters, radius of peak concentration (rpeak_conc) and VSD fine mode width (widthfine_mode). The AERONET retrievals of these VSD fine mode parameters, derived from ground-based almucantar sun photometer data, represent ambient humidity values while the LARGE aircraft spiral profile retrievals provide dried aerosol (RH
Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: multiscale investigations down to the submicron scale
Authors: Lutfalla Suzanne , Barré Pierre , Bernard Sylvain , Le Guillou Corentin , Alléon Julien , Chenu Claire
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Minerals, particularly clay-sized minerals, protect soil
organic matter (SOM) from decomposition by microorganisms. Here we report
the characterization of SOM and the associated minerals over decades of
biodegradation, in a French long-term bare fallow (LTBF) experiment started
in 1928. The amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the study area declined over time for
six fractions (sand, coarse silt, fine silt, coarse clays, intermediate
clays, and fine clays). The C:N ratios of SOM associated with silt fractions
remained constant, whereas the ratios significantly decreased in clays, reaching
very low values in intermediate and fine clays (C:N < 5) after
8 decades of LTBF conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the following: (i) bulk-scale
SOM chemical speciation remained almost constant; (ii) submicron
particulate OM was present in coarse clays, even after 79 years of LTBF
conditions; and (iii) illite particles became progressively SOM-free with time, whereas mixed-layer
illite/smectite and smectites were always associated with OM
throughout the bare fallow treatment. In summary, these results suggest that
clay-sized minerals preferentially protect N-rich SOM and that smectites and
mixed-layer illite/smectite seem to protect associated OM more effectively
than pure illites.
Dissolved organic matter characteristics of deciduous and coniferous forests with variable management: different at the source, aligned in the soil
Authors: Thieme Lisa , Graeber Daniel , Hofmann Diana , Bischoff Sebastian , Schwarz Martin T. , Steffen Bernhard , Meyer Ulf-Niklas , Kaupenjohann Martin , Wilcke Wolfgang , Michalzik Beate , Siemens Jan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is part of the biogeochemical cycles of carbon
and nutrients, carries pollutants and drives soil formation. The DOM
concentration and properties along the water flow path through forest
ecosystems depend on its sampling location and transformation processes. To
improve our understanding of the effects of forest management, especially
tree species selection and management intensity, on DOM concentrations and
properties of samples from different ecosystem fluxes, we studied
throughfall, stemflow, litter leachate and mineral soil solution at 26 forest
sites in the three regions of the German Biodiversity Exploratories. We
covered forest stands with three management categories (coniferous, deciduous
age class and unmanaged beech forests). In water samples from these forests,
we monitored DOC concentrations over 4 years and characterized the quality
of DOM with UV-vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy combined with
parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron
resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Additionally, we performed
incubation-based biodegradation assays. Multivariate statistics revealed
strong significant effects of ecosystem fluxes and smaller effects of main
tree species on DOM quality. Coniferous forests differed from deciduous
forests by showing larger DOC concentrations, more lignin- and protein-like
molecules, and fewer tannin-like molecules in throughfall, stemflow, and
litter leachate. Cluster analysis of FT-ICR-MS data indicated that DOM
compositions, which varied in aboveground samples depending on tree species,
become aligned in mineral soil. This alignment of DOM composition along the
water flow path in mineral soil is likely caused by microbial production and
consumption of DOM in combination with its interaction with the solid phase,
producing a characteristic pattern of organic compounds in forest mineral
soils. We found similarly pronounced effects of ecosystem fluxes on the
biodegradability of DOM, but surprisingly no differences between deciduous
and coniferous forests. Forest management intensity, mainly determined by
biomass extraction, contribution of species, which are not site-adapted, and
deadwood mass, did not influence DOC concentrations, DOM composition and
properties significantly.
The community atmospheric chemistry box model CAABA/MECCA-4.0
Authors: Sander Rolf , Baumgaertner Andreas , Cabrera-Perez David , Frank Franziska , Gromov Sergey , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Harder Hartwig , Huijnen Vincent , Jöckel Patrick , Karydis Vlassis A. , Niemeyer Kyle E. , Pozzer Andrea , Riede Hella , Schultz Martin G. , Taraborrelli Domenico , Tauer Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We present version 4.0 of the atmospheric chemistry box
model CAABA/MECCA that now includes a number of new features: (i)
skeletal mechanism reduction, (ii) the Mainz Organic Mechanism (MOM) chemical mechanism for
volatile organic compounds, (iii) an option to include reactions from
the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) and other chemical mechanisms,
(iv) updated isotope tagging, and (v) improved and new photolysis
modules (JVAL, RADJIMT, DISSOC). Further, when MECCA is connected to a
global model, the new feature of coexisting multiple chemistry
mechanisms (PolyMECCA/CHEMGLUE) can be used. Additional changes have
been implemented to make the code more user-friendly and to facilitate
the analysis of the model results. Like earlier versions,
CAABA/MECCA-4.0 is a community model published under the
GNU General Public License.
A comparative assessment of the uncertainties of global surface­-ocean CO2 estimates using a machine learning ensemble (CSIR-ML6 version 2019a) – have we hit the wall?
Authors: Gregor Luke , Lebehot Alice D. , Kok Schalk , Scheel Monteiro Pedro M.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Over the last decade, advanced statistical inference and machine learning have been used to fill the gaps in sparse surface ocean CO2 measurements (Rödenbeck et al. 2015). The estimates from these methods have been used to constrain seasonal, interannual and decadal variability in sea-air CO2 fluxes and the drivers of these changes (Landschützer et al. 2015, 2016, Gregor et al. 2018). However, it is also becoming clear that these methods are converging towards a common bias and RMSE boundary: the wall, which suggests that pCO2 estimates are now limited by both data gaps and scale-sensitive observations. Here, we analyse this problem by introducing a new gap-filling method, an ensemble of six machine learning models (CSIR-ML6 version 2019a), where each model is constructed with a two-step clustering-regression approach. The ensemble is then statistically compared to well-established methods. The ensemble, CSIR-ML6, has an RMSE of 17.16 µatm and bias of 0.89 µatm when compared to a test-dataset kept separate from training procedures. However, when validating our estimates with independent datasets, we find that our method improves only incrementally on other gap-filling methods. We investigate the differences between the methods to understand the extent of the limitations of gap-filling estimates of pCO2. We show that disagreement between methods in the South Atlantic, southeastern Pacific and parts of the Southern Ocean are too large to interpret the interannual variability with confidence. We conclude that improvements in surface ocean pCO2 estimates will likely be incremental with the optimisation of gap-filling methods by (1) the inclusion of additional clustering and regression variables (e.g. eddy kinetic energy), (2) increasing the sampling resolution. Larger improvements will only be realised with an increase in CO2 observational coverage, particularly in today's poorly sampled areas.
What happens to Fracture Energy in Brittle Fracture? Revisiting the Griffith Assumption
Authors: Davies Timothy R. H. , McSaveney Maurice J. , Reznichenko Natalya V.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Laboratory data from two independent sources demonstrate that brittle failure of Pyrex glass can generate enough new surface area to contradict a long-standing assumption: that all the energy involved in creating new rock surface area in brittle material is taken up by the newly-created surfaces as surface potential energy, and is thus not available to do further work. We resolve this contradiction by suggesting, in line with published empirical data, that only a small proportion of the energy used to extend a crack is lost to surface potential energy, while the rest is radiated from the crack-tip through the surrounding material in the form of elastic body-wave energy. This transient energy is able to contribute to further crack enlargement. This result does not affect the validity of linear elastic fracture mechanics, and only becomes significant in practical terms when large numbers of very fine fragments are created by brittle fracture, for example in rock-avalanche motion and earthquake rupture, and are identified in particle-size distributions. In such situations our result is very significant to understanding fracture process energetics.
RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH SINGLE-WALL AND MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Lee Dong-Joo
Published: April 2019

Nanofillers of type carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated as reinforcing agents in silicone rubber matrix. Two types of CNT, namely, single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs) and multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs), were tested as reinforcing agents in rubber matrix. These CNTs were characterized with different purity, morphology, and sonication treatment (MWCNTs). Rubber nanocomposites were prepared by mixing room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber with CNTs. At a filler loading of 3 phr, the modulus increased by 190% for specimens with MWCNTs and 150% for specimens filled with SWCNTs. Sonication was used to de-bundle the MWCNT aggregates into individual particles and to improve filler dispersion in the rubber matrix. The resistance of the MWCNTs was almost 750 times lower than that of the SWCNTs at 3 phr. The sonicated MWCNTs (2.2 kΩ) show lower electrical resistance than the pristine MWCNTs (3 kΩ) at 2 phr. These improvements could be useful for new devices such as flexible electrodes or actuators.
Potencial de mercado de frutas deshidratadas en el municipio de Managua, departamento de Managua
Authors: López Acevedo Jefry Joel
Published: April 2019

Las frutas deshidratadas son una opción a la problemática de pérdidas de cosechas debido a la falta de valor agregado en la producción frutícola nicaragüense, teniendo como ventaja competitiva que este producto tiene mayor vida de anaquel, se conserva manteniendo su valor nutritivo y disponibilidad de la fruta durante todo el año. Basados en la problemática planteada, se ha identificado una oportunidad de negocio. Por este motivo se realizó el presente estudio, que consiste en identificar el mercado de frutas deshidratadas. Para el estudio se utilizaron las técnicas de encuesta y de observación por medio de instrumentos básicos de cuestionarios, para su posterior recolección de datos, que brindaron la información primaria. En el municipio de Managua se analizó la oferta, demanda y precios de la fruta deshidratada. Se determinó que existe potencial de mercado, la demanda insatisfecha, los  consumidores prefieren adquirir este producto en supermercados, al estudiar el rango de edades y actividad económica se identificó que el 40% son estudiantes. En cuanto a gustos se encontró la piña como preferencia de consumo con un 65% y como principal competidor nacional se encuentra los productos Masaya.
The Ideology Behind the Power Relations of Punggawa-Sawi in Bajo Ethnic Fishermen in North Tiworo, West Muna Regency
Authors: Marhadi Akhmad
Published: April 2019

The power relations that arise in the life of Bajo ethnic fishermen are predominantly influenced by the ideology practiced by the superior group, punggawa to control sawi as an inferior group. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ideology behind the power relations of punggawa-sawi in Bajo ethnic fishermen in North Tirowo. The method used was a qualitative approach with data collection techniques namely observation, interview and document study. The results of the study showed that the ideology of power, the ideology of capitalism, and the ideology of religiosity are the ideologyies that cause the existence of power relations of punggawa to sawi. The ideologies are used by punggawa to lead, control and manage the social, economic, political and cultural life of sawi fishermen to get the maximum profit while fulfilling all the interests and desires of punggawa.
Uczenie się przez całe życie i aktywne uczestnictwo. Pedagogiczna zmiana w pracy i polityce społecznej
Authors: Hansen Helle Krogh , Molpeceres Mariangeles , Rothuizen Jan Jaap
Published: April 2019

Artykuł ten jest inspirowany projektem, sfinansowanym przez Unię Europejską, skupiającym się na międzypokoleniowym mentoringu: „HEAR ME” , który został przeprowadzony w latach 2009–2011 w pięciu europejskich krajach. Poczynając od demograficznych wyzwań, które dotyczą wszystkich rozwiniętych krajów europejskich, autorzy opisują postawy oraz możliwości zaangażowania starszych ludzi w charytatywną pracę społeczną jako mentorów dla młodych ludzi.
Wyzwanie związane ze starzejącymi się społeczeństwami często określa się mianem „ciężaru, jaki stwarzają starzejący się ludzie” i postrzega przede wszystkim jako problem natury ekonomicznej. Jednakże temat ten nie ogranicza się do kategorii ekonomicznych, jest to także wyzwanie społeczne i kulturowe. Natomiast jednostronne skupianie się na aspektach ekonomicznych może spowodować rozpad spójności społecznej i zmniejszenie dobrobytu wielu ludzi.
Projekt „HEAR ME” skupia się na rozwoju strategii służących uczeniu się przez całe życie oraz na rozwoju nowych ról, które mogą przyjąć starsi ludzie, wykorzystując swoje kompetencje, sieci kontaktów oraz zakładaną chęć „generatywności”. Nauka przez działanie wydaje się odpowiednią koncepcją uczenia w kontekście utrzymania zaangażowania seniorów w działalność na rzecz społeczności.
Autorzy wskazują na aktywne uczestnictwo oraz na uczenie się przez całe życie jako część odpowiedzi na demograficzne wyzwania i proponują rozwiązanie, które można nazwać pedagogiczną zmianą w pracy i polityce społecznej.
Dyrektywność i niedyrektywność czynności zawodowych pracowników socjalnych – raport z badań
Authors: Rutkowska Anna , Szpunar Małgorzata
Published: April 2019

W artykule zaprezentowano jedynie fragment obszernych badań, przeprowadzonych wśród pracowników socjalnych, pracujących w ośrodkach pomocy społecznej w województwach: pomorskim, kujawsko-pomorskim oraz warmińsko-mazurskim (badaniami objęto 1362 pracowników socjalnych). W niniejszym tekście wybrano do prezentacji codzienne czynności zawodowe, których wykonywanie deklarują badani. W interpretacji badań czynności te zostały przez Badaczki podzielone na dyrektywne oraz niedyrektywne. Za dyrektywne uznano te, które pracownik socjalny narzuca klientowi czy jego rodzinie, jako właściwe, a o ich właściwości czy poprawności decyduje pracownik bez współdziałania z klientem. Za niedyrektywne uznaje się takie, w których obszar decyzji co do ostatecznego kształtu podjętego działania, pozostawia się klientowi. Metodyczne czynności zawodowe o charakterze niedyrektywnym dają klientowi możliwość decydowania o wyborze kierunku zmiany, dają mu, niezbędną w pracy socjalnej, przestrzeń samostanowienia.
The Transgender Body’s Grace
Authors: Bader-Saye Scott ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2019

Both in church and culture, discussion of sexual orientation has far outpaced discussion of gender identity, leaving the churches with limited resources to respond to “bathroom bills” or to walk faithfully with transgender persons in their midst. This paper draws on the work of Rowan Williams and Sarah Coakley to argue for understanding gender transition as an eschatological formation ordered to the body’s grace. In critical conversation with Oliver O’Donovan, John Milbank, and David Cloutier, the paper offers a constructive, non-voluntarist theological proposal for transgender affirmation in the service of participation in the triune life that exceeds gender.
An open impediment: Navigating copyright and OER publishing in the academic library
Authors: Gumb Lindsey
Published: April 2019

Academic libraries around the world are leading the way to support the adoption, revision, and creation of open educational resources (OER), both saving students money and encouraging pedagogical innovation in the classroom. While there are varying definitions depending on the organization, it is generally accepted that a resource used for teaching, learning, or research can be considered an OER if it is both free and openly-licensed under Creative Commons (CC), general public license, or is in the public domain.
Data Stewardship Week in an academic library: An overview
Authors: Harrington Caitlin , Haggerty Kenneth , Scott Rachel Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

In the information age, data stewardship is crucial for individual and organizational productivity. It is easy to get overwhelmed by vast amounts of information being created every second. Information overload has become a common occurrence in the workplace to the extent that people “spend more time searching for the right information, leaving them less time for proper analyses using the acquired information.” Thus, the excess of information in the workplace can lead to stress, lack of productivity, and information fatigue.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Maher Kevin
Published: April 2019

ALA’s FY 2020 appropriations campaign kicks offOff to a late startTake action to #FundLibraries
The effects of depression on number perception and its implications for theories of numerical cognition
Authors: Cohen Dale J. , Barker Katherine A. , White Madeline R.
Published: April 2019

Most theories of numerical cognition assume that the perception of a quantity is independent of that which the quantity describes (termed an abstract quantity representation). Beck’s cognitive theory of depression, in contrast, assumes that depressed individuals maintain negative perceptual biases and that depressed individuals’ perception of quantity will be dependent on that which the quantity describes. Here, we explore the nature of quantity representations by assessing whether level of depression and valence of events influences individuals’ perceptions of numerical quantities. In a number bisection task, we presented participants with three quantities: one associated with the time until a positive event, one associated with the time until a negative event, and a target number. The participant was asked to judge whether the quantity denoted by the target number was closer to the time until the positive or negative event. Results indicated that event valence influenced the perception of quantity and this perceptual bias interacted with the level of depression. Thus, these findings indicate that quantity representations are malleable and are represented non-abstractly in the brain.
Las actividades dirigidas en centros deportivos y su valor como elemento de idelización
Authors: Pérez-Villalba M. , García-Fernández J. , Gómez-Chacón R. , Fernández-Martínez N.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la demanda de actividades dirigidas (AADD) por parte de las personas abonadas a centros deportivos españoles y determinar si las AADD se presentan como un elemento de fidelización de la instalación. Un total de 15.778 clientes de 97 centros deportivos de ciudades de más de 100.000 habitantes fueron encuestados a través de un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc. Lo resultados muestran una mayor demanda de AADD entre el colectivo de mujeres (77,5%) frente a los hombres (45,9%), y entre las franjas de edad comprendidas entre los 25 y 64 años superando el 60%. Los datos obtenidos confirman que las AADD funcionan como un elemento de fidelización entre el colectivo de personas que hacen AADD de manera regular, presentandouna mayor permanencia, y un mayor volumen de días y de horas semanales de asistencia.

The aim of the study was to determine the demand of group exercise training (GET) by members of Spanish sports centers, and determine if GET could be considered as a retention element. A total of 15,778 members from 97 sports centers in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants were surveyed through an ad hoc questionnaire. The results show a higher demand for GET among the group of women (77.5%) than men (45.9%), and between ages 25 and 64 exceeding 60%. The data obtained confirm that GET work as a loyalty element among the group of people who attend GET on a regular basis, presenting a greater membership tenure, and a greater volume of attendance days and weekly hours.
La satisfacción de los usuarios de actividades dirigidas de los Centros deportivos municipales de Barcelona
Authors: Aparicio Chueca P. , Elasri Ejjaberi A. , Triadó Ivern X. M.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es el de identificar y analizar los factores que subyacen en el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios de centros deportivos municipales que realizan actividades dirigidas y compararlo con aquellos usuarios que no hacen uso de este servicio. Los datos fueron recogidos de una encuesta entre los clientes de centros deportivos municipales, de los que 536 sujetos  manifestaron realizar actividades dirigidas en el centro. Las mujeres y los usuarios con un nivel de estudios secundarios son los que más utilizan estos servicios. Un análisis factorial aplicado revela tres dimensiones que contribuyen a la satisfacción, en ambos casos, pero la composición de cada uno de ellos es diferente. Finalmente, del análisis de regresión múltiple se desprende que un gerente debe prestar atención, en primer lugar, a la calidad de las instalaciones y la comunicación ya que fueron el mejor predictor de la satisfacción.

The aim of this work is to identify and analyze the factors that underlie the level of satisfaction of users of municipal sports centers that conduct directed activities and compare it with those users who do not use this service. Data were collected in a survey among users of municipal sports centers, of which 536 subjects stated that they carried out directed activities at the center. Women and users with a high school level are the ones who use these services the most. An applied factor analysis reveals three dimensions that contribute to satisfaction, in both cases, but the composition of each of them is different. Finally, the multiple regression analysis shows that a manager must pay attention, first of all, to the quality of the facilities and communication since they were the best predictor of satisfaction.
Evolución de las licencias federativas de pádel en Andalucía (2009-2016)
Authors: Fernández-Martínez N. , Gómez-Chacón R. , Bernal-García A. , Pérez-Villalba M.
Published: April 2019

Los últimos años del deporte en España muestran un alto crecimiento en la práctica del pádel (Gómez-Chacón, Pascua-Barón y Fernández–Martínez, 2017). El pádel, es el deporte de raqueta más practicado semanalmente por la población Española(Consejo Superior de Deportes, 2015).Asimismo, y siguiendo la línea de otros autores, el pádel, es el deporte que más se ha desarrollado en los últimos 23 años con un crecimiento del 1.947,41% (López, 2017).El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la evolución de las licencias federativas de pádel en Andalucía durante los años 2009-2016, para poder certificar que todos los datos encontrados coinciden con lo que han afirmado diversos autores y organismos públicos. Se consultó la base de datos de la federación Andaluza de Pádel. Todos los datos extraídos en la bibliografía consultada no hacen más que indicar que el pádel es uno de los deportes más emergentes y con mayor crecimiento y evolución del siglo XXI.

The last years of sport in Spain show a high growth in the practice of paddle (Gómez-Chacón, Pascua-Barón and Fernández-Martínez, 2017). The paddle, is the sport of racket more practiced weekly by the Spanish population (Superior Council of Sports, 2015). Likewise, and following the line of other authors, paddle is the sport that has most developed in the last 23 years with a growth of 1,947.41% (López, 2017). The objective of this study is to know the evolution of the federative paddle licenses in Andalusia in absolute category during the years 2009-2016 in order to certify that all the data found coincide with what various authors and public bodies have affirmed. The database of the Andalusian federation of Paddle was consulted. All the data extracted in the consulted bibliography do not do more than indicate that the paddle is one of the most emergent sports and with greater growth of the XXI century.
Análisis de incidentes por resbalones ocurridos en piscinas de España, 2000-2015
Authors: Gámez de la Hoz J. , Padilla-Fortes A. , Padilla-Ruiz M.
Published: April 2019

Las piscinas son una fuente común de caídas inducidas por resbalones, con importantes costes socioeconómicos y severas consecuencias para la salud de las víctimas. El objetivo principal fue examinar información sobre factores de riesgo y conocer los mecanismos causales de sucesos lesivos inducidos por resbalamientos asociados a piscinas de uso colectivo. Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo a partir de fuentes judiciales con emplazamiento en la población española para el período 2000-2015. El mecanismo causal más habitual fue la caída al mismo nivel (79,2%) inducida por un resbalón cuando el sujeto caminaba (65,6%) sobre un suelo resbaladizo (35,2%) en presencia de agua (64,8%), siendo el andén que circunda el vaso la localización más citada (19,2%). Los resbalamientos son prevenibles y la aplicación efectiva de normas internacionales sobre superficies resistentes al deslizamiento puede dotar mayores garantías para la protección de la salud de los usuarios.

Swimming pools are a common source of slip-induced falls, with a high socioeconomic cost and severe consequences for victim’s health conditions. The main objective was to examine risk factors and know mechanisms of slip-induced injuries associated with public swimming pools. A descriptive observational study of the Spanish population was conducted, using data from judicial sources from 2000 to 2015. In most cases, the common mechanism of the injury was a slip-induced fall at the same level (79.2%) originated while the subject was walking (65.6%) on a slippery floor (35.2%) with water (64.8%), being walkable area around a pool basin was the most cited location (19.2%). Slips are preventable and the effective application of international standards regarding slide-resistant surfaces could provide more reliable guarantee to protect the user health in swimming pools.
Situación de la Certificación en Organizaciones de Gestión de Instalaciones Deportivas en España
Authors: Grimaldi-Puyana M. , Sánchez-Oliver A. J.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir la situación actual de la calidad en las organizaciones deportivas de gestión de instalaciones deportivas españolas. De un total de 5.065 registradas bajo el código nacional de actividades económicas 9311, se procedió al estudio pormenorizado de cada una de las organizaciones a través de la observación sistemática, para finalmente seleccionar a 35 organizaciones con certificación de calidad ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS 18001y EFQM. Los resultados muestran una escasa implantación de calidad en las organizaciones de gestión de instalaciones deportivas, siendo las certificaciones con mayor implantación, el sistema de gestión de calidad (ISO 9001) y el sistema de gestión medioambiental (ISO 14001).

The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the current situation of quality in sports management organizations of Spanish sports facilities. Out of a total of 5,065 registered under the national code of economic activities 9311, a detailed study of each of the organizations was carried out through systematic observation, to finally select 35 organizations with quality certification ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS 18001and EFQM. The results show a low quality implantation in the management organizations of sports facilities, being the certifications with greater implementation the quality management system (ISO 9001) and environmental management system (ISO 14001).
Evaluación de la motricidad y el carácter de los alumnos de 4 y 5 años: un estudio piloto
Authors: López Esparcia R. M. , Prieto-Ayuso A. , León González M. P. , Gil-Madrona P.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo fue evaluar la motricidad gruesa y el carácter en niños de 4 y 5 años. Para ello, se seleccionaron 23 participantes y se aplicaron la subprueba locomotriz y la de control de objetos, ambas pertenecientes al Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD 2), así como una rúbrica sobre carácter (respeto, cooperación, sensibilidad, liderazgo, trabajo en equipo y autocontrol). Los resultados muestran que las chicas son mejores en la subprueba locomotriz, mientras que los chicos destacan en el control de objetos. En general, los niños tienen menos habilidad en el salto extendido y en la tarea de atrapar objetos. En cuanto al carácter, los chicos son peores en el liderazgo y las chicas en el trabajo en equipo. Por tanto, se concluye la necesidad de hacer hincapié específicamente en aquellos aspectos donde menor puntuación obtuvieron. Como prospectiva de investigación, este trabajo debe ser realizado con muestras más grandes para conocer si los resultados se mantienen similares.

The aim was to assess gross motor and character in children aged 4 and 5 years old. For this, 23 participants were selected and the locomotive and object control sub-tests were applied, both belonging to the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD 2), as well as a rubric of character (respect, cooperation, sensitiveness, leadership, teamwork, and self-control). Results show that girls are better in the locomotive subtest, while boys excel in the object control. In general, boys have less skill in the extended jumping and in the objects catch task. In terms of character, boys are worse in leadership and girls in teamwork. Therefore, it is important to emphasize especially those motor skills and emotional aspects where children score lower. As research prospect, this study must be conducted with a bigger sample to know if these results remain similar.
Perfil del usuario de la fundación deportiva municipal de valencia y sus hábitos de práctica deportiva
Authors: Ros-Castello P. , Calabuig Moreno F. , Gómez Tafalla A. M.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el uso de las instalaciones de la Fundación Deportiva Municipal de Valencia y determinar el perfil del usuario de las mismas. Para ello se recogen un total de 727 cuestionarios vía online formados por diferentes secciones extraídas a partir de la bibliografía existente. Los resultados muestran una alta satisfacción e intenciones futuras de los usuarios. Además, los usuarios muestran una mayor pasión armoniosa por el deporte en comparación con la pasión obsesiva. La mayor parte de la práctica deportiva se concentra entre semana y a partir de las 19:00h. Los usuarios de las instalaciones en su mayoría tienen trabajo y estudios universitarios. El uso principal que se hace de las instalaciones es de forma libre e individual y los motivos principales de práctica deportiva son la salud y el bienestar.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the use of the Sports Municipal Foundation of Valencia and to determine its user’s profile. For that purpose 727 online questionnaires were collected, formed by different sections extracted from the existing bibliography. Results show users’ high satisfaction and future intentions. Moreover, users show a greater harmonious passion for sport than compared to the obsessive passion. The most of the sport practice take place form Monday to Friday and after the 19:00h. Facilities users are mainly employed and have university studies. The main use of the facilities is a free and individual use and the main reasons of sport practice are health and wellness.
La personalidad de marca para la mejora de la lealtad en servicios deportivos: el rol de la congruencia
Authors: Alguacil M. , Parra-Camacho D. , Mundina C.
Published: April 2019

Esta investigación pretende comprobar si la personalidad de marca tiene una influencia en el aumento de los niveles de congruencia o identificación que tiene el usuario con la marca, y si es así, en qué medida lo hace. Del mismo modo, pretende conocer si dicha congruencia es un elemento determinante para conseguir la lealtad de los usuarios de servicios deportivos. Para ello, se ha utilizado un instrumento de medida formado a partir de la bibliografía existente, analizando tanto la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento como las relaciones entre las variables propuestas con el programa de ecuaciones estructurales smartPLS. Los resultados indican que las dimensiones de sinceridad, competencia y sofisticada de la personalidad de marca influyen significativamente en la mejora de la congruencia y explican hasta un 55% de su varianza, así como la congruencia, por sí sola, es capaz de explicar hasta un 52% de la varianza de la lealtad.

This research aims to test whether and to what extent brand personality has an influence on the user's increased levels of consistency or identification with the brand. Likewise, it seeks to know whether such congruence is a determining element for achieving the loyalty of users of sports services. To this end, a measuring instrument based on existing literature has been used to analyse both the reliability and validity of the instrument and the relationships between the variables proposed with the smartPLS structural equation programme. The results indicate that the sincerity, competence and sophistication dimensions of brand personality significantly influence the improvement of congruence and explain up to 55% of its variance, as well as congruence alone is capable of explaining up to 52% of the variance of loyalty.
A World without a Project
Authors: Fiori Juliano
Published: April 2019

In this interview, Celso Amorim, former Brazilian foreign minister, discusses changes in global governance and their likely impact on international cooperation. He critically reflects on his experiences in positioning Brazil on the world stage and democratising human rights. And he considers whether the influence of Brazil and other Southern states is likely to continue expanding.
What’s There to Mourn? Decolonial Reflections on (the End of) Liberal Humanitarianism
Authors: Rutazibwa Olivia Umurerwa
Published: April 2019

This paper questions the extent to which the (arguable) end of the liberal humanitarian order is something to be mourned. Suggesting that current laments for the decline of humanitarianism reflect a Eurocentric worldview, it calls for a fundamental revision of the assumptions informing humanitarian scholarship. Decoloniality and anti-colonialism should be taken seriously so as to not reproduce the same by a different name after the end of the liberal order.
Nucleotide substitution rates of diatom plastid encoded protein genes are correlated with genome architecture
Authors: Yu Mengjie , Ruhlman Tracey A , Hajrah Nahid H , Khiyami Mohammad A , Sabir Mumdooh J , Alblowi Mohammed H. , Alhebshi Alawiah M. , Al-Malki Abdulrahman  Al-Malki L. , Sabir Jamal S.M. , Theriot Edward C. , Jansen Robert K
Published: April 2019

Diatoms are the largest group of heterokont algae with more than 100,000 species. They are photosynthetic, unicellular eukaryotes that contribute ~ 45% of global primary production and inhabit marine, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their ubiquity and environmental significance very few diatom plastid genomes (plastomes) have been sequenced and studied. This study explored the pattern of diatom plastid nucleotide substitution rates across the entire suite of plastome protein-coding genes for 40 taxa representing the major clades. Substitution rate acceleration was lineage specific with the highest rates in the araphid 2 taxon Astrosyne radiata and radial 2 taxon Proboscia sp. Rate heterogeneity was also evident in different functional classes of genes. Similar to land plants, proteins genes involved in photosynthetic metabolism have substantially lower rates than those involved in transcription and translation. Significant positive correlations were identified between rates and measures of genomic rearrangement, but not plastome size. This work advances the current understanding of diatom plastomes and provides a foundation for future studies of their evolution.
Narrow equilibrium window for complex coacervation of tau and RNA under cellular conditions
Authors: Lin Yanxian , McCarty James , Rauch Jennifer N , Delaney Kris T , Kosik Kenneth S , Fredrickson Glenn H , Shea Joan-Emma , Han Songi
Published: April 2019

The mechanism that leads to liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the tau protein, whose pathological aggregation is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, is not well understood. Establishing a phase diagram that delineates the boundaries of phase co-existence is key to understanding whether LLPS is an equilibrium or intermediate state. We demonstrate that tau and RNA reversibly form complex coacervates. While the equilibrium phase diagram can be fit to an analytical theory, a more advanced model is investigated through field theoretic simulations (FTS) that provided direct insight into the thermodynamic driving forces of tau LLPS. Together, experiment and simulation reveal that tau-RNA LLPS is stable within a narrow equilibrium window near physiological conditions over experimentally tunable parameters including temperature, salt and tau concentrations, and is entropy-driven. Guided by our phase diagram, we show that tau can be driven toward LLPS under live cell coculturing conditions with rationally chosen experimental parameters.