bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artscience Museum an Embedded Stand-Alone Art
Authors: Ahmad Amy Amelia Binte Ahmad
Published: March 2020

This paper reviews and analyses the process and built-up of the ArtScience Museum. It touches on the history, building features and Moshe Safdie’s design approach in forming the museum’s architecture. Furthermore, it explores the motivations in having a cultural institution within the Marina Bay precinct  and the correlation of what it was intended to be with the identity it has formed today. The Art Science Museum can be seen as a form of an add-on to Marina Bay Sands as the tender competition project included a design for a cultural institution. However, despite it being a form of enhancement, the ArtScience Museum arose and served its purpose being an intriguing form of architecture and a place for learning for people alike.
Art Plaza in Makassar: Determining Location and Site in Building Planning
Authors: Firmansyah Imam
Published: March 2020

The planning of the Art Plaza in Makassar can fulfill the need to encourage the spirit of work and creativity for artists and build a forum and as a bridge of appreciation of art and culture with the community. Location determination analysis is based on taking into account the basic considerations taken and the division of Makassar City and several factors that need to be considered in determining the location of Plaza Seni, including; accessibility for transportation and communication lines, location must be easily accessible to the community or close to the highway and available infrastructure and facilities easily, for example; available pedestrian, accessible for people with disabilities. An adequate location for planning an art plaza is in the district of Ppanakukkang, Kelurahan Paropo. From the location of the site, it can be concluded that the chosen site is feasible enough to become a planning site for the construction of Plaza Seni in Makassar.
Study of Art Plaza Circulation Theory and Shape of Art Plaza
Authors: Firmansyah Imam
Published: March 2020

The circulation system is a vital linking infrastructure that connects various activities and uses land on an area and inside a building that considers functional, economic, flexibility and comfort aspects. The explanation of this theory emphasizes the uniqueness of the building itself. So that there are various shapes of buildings in an effort to adjust to environmental conditions, climate, and natural surroundings. As a result, the resulting building has a special shapeation in accordance with the idea of an architect.
Les trajectoires de l’Église de Zéphirin
Authors: Biyela Fred O.
Published: March 2020

Sur la base d’enquêtes de terrain et de données inédites, cet article invite à l’analyse sociopolitique d’un mouvement prophétique congolais jusqu’ici très peu étudié. L’article introduit la figure de son prophète, Lassy Simon Zéphirin, et l’émergence de l’Église du christianisme prophétique en Afrique (CPA) en insistant sur l’importance des relations tissées, dès ses origines, entre l’institution religieuse et l’État congolais. Cet enchevêtrement du politique et du religieux, aux marges de la laïcité constitutionnelle, est restitué dans sa dimension historique, de l’époque coloniale à nos jours, en documentant divers épisodes marquants de la vie de l’institution ecclésiale, caractérisés par les récurrentes interférences des représentants des institutions étatiques.
Les rencontres intercommunautaires comme outil de « pacification par le bas » au Mali
Authors: Bouhlel Ferdaous
Published: March 2020

Dans le contexte de l’action globale de paix initiée par l’État malien et ses partenaires dans la gestion du conflit, un vaste programme de dialogue intercommunautaire a été lancé à partir de 2013-2014, réactivant le processus de « réconciliation par le bas » initié dans les années 1990. En questionnant les origines, les mécanismes et les limites d’un outil spécifique – les Rencontres intercommunautaires (RIC) – mobilisé dans le cadre de cette entreprise de mise en dialogue, l’article propose une analyse critique des enjeux soulevés par l’introduction des cadres normatifs induits par ce modèle de résolution des conflits.
La Centrafrique, ventre mou de l’Afrique centrale
Authors: Chauvin Emmanuel
Published: March 2020

La République centrafricaine (RCA) connaît, dans ses relations avec le reste de l’Afrique centrale, une régionalisation militaire et un isolement économique. Dans un contexte de guerre, ces trajectoires en apparence contraires se soutiennent et se renforcent. Mais elles se déclinent diversement dans l’espace : chaque région de RCA entretient des relations de plus en plus exclusives avec son étranger proche, tendant à favoriser la partition de facto du pays.
L’or, le sang, la pluie et les génies
Authors: Cros Michèle , Mégret Quentin
Published: March 2020

En octobre 2017, un violent conflit éclate dans le Sud-Ouest burkinabè. Il oppose des autochtones lobi à des chercheurs d’or migrants. Le sang a coulé et le marché d’un site d’orpaillage a été incendié. À la suite de ce tragique fait divers, des tensions latentes se muent soudainement en conflit ouvert, révèlent la liminalité du statut des orpailleurs dans cette région et interrogent les fondements de leur économie morale. À partir du croisement de données ethnographiques recueillies par les deux auteurs, cet article offre le point de vue singulier et contrasté d’acteurs locaux, permettant d’éclairer les logiques sous-jacentes à cet affrontement.
À la rencontre des fontainières des adductions d’eau potable au Burkina Faso et au Bénin
Authors: Bonnassieux Alain , Gangneron Fabrice
Published: March 2020

Aux bornes-fontaines des adductions d’eau potable rurales et semi-urbaines en Afrique de l’Ouest, les fontainières ont la charge de faire payer l’eau aux usagers. Elles exercent ainsi un rôle incontournable dans la fourniture d’eau potable, mais occupent pourtant une place subalterne, presque invisible dans les systèmes d’accès à l’eau, et demeurent pour l’essentiel de simples exécutantes aux revenus dérisoires. Toutefois, là où la fréquentation des adductions d’eau est importante, certaines, de plus en plus actrices de leur fonction, parviennent à dégager de véritables revenus de cette activité. Les plus entreprenantes déploient diverses initiatives pour accroître leur rémunération, mais les marges dont elles disposent pour améliorer leur situation sont restreintes.
« Chère Claude-Hélène »
Authors: Valsecchi Pierluigi
Published: March 2020

Claude-Hélène Perrot s’en est allée le 16 juillet 2019, dans sa quatre-vingt-onzième année. Sa carrière d’historienne, longue de sept décennies, fut rythmée par la production de nombreuses recherches fondamentales consacrées aux régions de la Côte d’Ivoire orientale dont l’exceptionnelle qualité lui valut de prestigieuses distinctions académiques. Nous lui rendons ici, par ce témoignage personnel, un dernier hommage.
Doléances ethno-régionales et (més)usages politiques des mémorandums au Cameroun
Authors: Chétima Melchisedek
Published: March 2020

Cet article se veut une contribution à l’étude des mémorandums qui, dans le contexte camerounais, constituent un ensemble de doléances ethno-régionales soumises à l’appréciation du président de la République par les élites d’une région ou d’un groupe ethnique. Nous proposons d’éclairer le double rôle – à la fois vecteur d’aspirations ethno-régionales et de stratégies de positionnement politique – de cet objet politique original et encore peu étudié, en l’inscrivant dans l’analyse du champ politique camerounais. L’article contextualise l’émergence des mémorandums avant de questionner les instrumentalisations dont ils font l’objet, et interroge l’avenir de ce type de mobilisations dans un contexte de défiance populaire à l’égard de la sphère politique.
Une seconde ligne de défense : les sports américains dans la guerre froide
Authors: Doppler-Speranza François
Published: March 2020

Pendant la guerre froide, les sportifs américains sont mobilisés pour diffuser la culture américaine. Leurs tournées passent par les bases américaines d’Europe occidentale mais vont jusqu’en URSS dans le cas des Harlem Globe Trotters. Les sportifs noirs bénéficient de cette intégration du sport dans la propagande américaine. Toutefois, s’ils se voient ouvrir les portes de grands clubs comme Jackie Robinson chez les Brooklyn Dodgers, ils profitent de leur nouveau statut pour lutter pour les droits civiques dans les années 1960 et 1970.
Échanges et contacts sportifs entre la France et l’URSS à l’aube de la guerre froide : les prémices d’une diplomatie sportive bilatérale (1947-1953)
Authors: Deschamps Yannick
Published: March 2020

Reprises après 1945, les relations sportives entre France et URSS sont interrompues de 1947 à 1950 car le pouvoir soviétique veut préparer son entrée dans les compétitions internationales. C’est chose faite en 1950 lors de championnats du monde organisés en France. Toutefois, l’horizon sportif international des athlètes soviétiques s’est considérablement élargi et Moscou veut privilégier les rencontres avec les représentants de la communiste FSGT jusqu’à l’accord culturel franco-soviétique signé en octobre 1957.
Le renseignement au prisme du couple agilité-paralysie
Authors: Moinet Nicolas
Published: March 2020

Aide à la décision, le renseignement est une activité qui s’organise suivant un cycle continu qui permet de collecter les informations en fonction des besoins puis de les diffuser aux décideurs après traitement et analyse. Mais dès lors que l’on s’intéresse aux échecs du renseignement, il devient évident qu’un autre cadre d’analyse est nécessaire : le couple agilité-paralysie via la boucle OODA. Ce cadre implique alors de revisiter certains concepts non opératoires et de repenser l’ensemble du dispositif.
Le renseignement face au défi de la radicalisation
Authors: Bulinge Franck
Published: March 2020

Dans cet article, nous proposons une piste de réflexion épistémologique sur le nécessaire renouvellement des grilles de lecture des services de renseignement face à des phénomènes qui ne répondent plus aux modèles classiques issus de la Guerre froide et, plus récemment, de la lutte contre les réseaux terroristes. Nous prendrons le cas de la lutte contre la radicalisation violente comme exemple des difficultés et des paradoxes auxquels sont aujourd’hui confrontés des services de renseignement toujours mieux équipés et pourtant souvent démunis face à ces phénomènes. En combinant trois concepts théoriques empruntés librement à diverses disciplines (émergence, mémétique et intégration conceptuelle), nous proposons un modèle théorique d’analyse des phénomènes de radicalisation.
Vers une intelligence cyber ?
Authors: Pech Yannick
Published: March 2020

Alors que le renseignement est enfin devenu un objet d’étude scientifique à part entière, sa dimension cybernétique en revanche n’est analysée que de manière accessoire. Pourtant, à l’aune de la numérisation grandissante des sphères civiles comme militaires, il va sans dire que le renseignement cyber est partie intégrante des activités des services spéciaux. Or, le volet numérique du – véritable – plus vieux métier du monde ouvre un horizon symbiotique inédit aux acteurs tant privés que publics, collectifs qu’individuels, dans lequel tout le monde désormais peut produire du renseignement. Il paraît ainsi nécessaire d’éclairer la notion même de renseignement cyber, pour mieux y associer celle d’intelligence économique. À l’image de cette dernière, en effet, et au-delà du strict concept de renseignement, une véritable Intelligence cyber est nécessaire en vue d’édifier une France-stratège.
Le renseignement économique américain de Reagan à Trump
Authors: Laïdi Ali
Published: March 2020

Depuis la fin de l’Union soviétique, les services de renseignement américains surclassent tous leurs concurrents dans la collecte et l’analyse de l’information économique et financière. Ses agents sont de redoutables guerriers économiques et servent fidèlement le Made in America. Trente ans après la chute du mur de Berlin, jamais les États-Unis n’ont engagé autant de moyens financiers et humains pour surveiller les acteurs des marchés mondiaux. Comment de Reagan à Trump, les entreprises sont-elles devenues l’une des cibles prioritaires du renseignement américain ?
Entre mise en scène des émotions et évitement du conflit. Une approche ethnographique des normes affectives dans les conseils de quartier de Téhéran
Authors: Saeidnia Sahar Aurore
Published: March 2020

Cet article propose d’affiner la description sociologique de la figure du « bon citoyen » en Iran (le  motamed ). À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans les conseils de quartier téhéranais entre 2007 et 2012, cet article propose d’identifier ces exigences d’argumentation et d’expression des émotions jugées convenables, ainsi que les tensions entre les états affectifs que les acteurs montrent publiquement et ceux qu’ils se retiennent d’exprimer. L’analyse ethnographique du travail émotionnel des conseillers de quartier révèle les normes affectives qui contraignent le travail quotidien de ces acteurs, elles-mêmes révélatrices des logiques organisant les relations de pouvoir au sein de ces institutions. L’étude de l’économie émotionnelle que donnent à voir ces échanges est indissociable de logiques politiques et sociales qui relèvent à la fois de l’autoritarisme de la République islamique et de conflits de notabilité locales.
Vers une ethnographie comparée des émotions : des victimes du Distilbène aux victimes des pesticides
Authors: Salaris Coline
Published: March 2020

Longtemps délaissée ou décriée par les sciences sociales, l’étude des émotions connaît un regain d’intérêt ces dernières années, notamment dans la sociologie des mobilisations. La normalisation progressive de cet objet de recherche ne va cependant pas sans poser un certain nombre de questions – voire de « tourments » – pour l’enquêteur impliqué dans une recherche de ce type. Cela est d’autant plus vrai dans le cadre d’enquêtes ethnographiques où le chercheur se trouve directement engagé auprès de ses enquêtés et donc confronté à leurs affects et émotions. Pourtant, la combinaison d’une approche ethnographique et comparative dans le travail de recherche sur les émotions propose de nombreuses perspectives scientifiques. Ces méthodes permettent de saisir au mieux les états affectifs qui s’exercent et se manifestent empiriquement. Du fait, malgré les nombreuses difficultés méthodologiques de ce type d’enquêtes, l’approche comparative et l’investissement sur plusieurs terrains facilitent le travail de distanciation du chercheur. En s’appuyant sur l’expérience d’une enquête sur deux mobilisations émotionnelles – les mobilisations de victimes du Distilbène et les agriculteurs victimes des pesticides – cet article méthodologique se propose de présenter les apports de l’ethnographie comparée des émotions pour la sociologie et la science politique.
Ethnographie comparée du risque émotionnel au travail. Une tâche aveugle de l’agenda politique
Authors: Bonnet Thomas
Published: March 2020

En s’appuyant sur une enquête menée dans les pompes funèbres, à l’hôpital et dans la police, l’article propose de traiter de l’étude sociologique des émotions au travail et de leur dimension politique. D’un côté, il souligne donc les apports méthodologiques de l’ethnographie comparée. L’article plaide en faveur de cette méthodologie combinée en cherchant à montrer la finesse qu’elle permet par l’usage de l’observation et des entretiens en mobilisant divers milieux professionnels. D’un autre côté, l’article vise à comprendre comment les émotions au travail (surtout ce que nous avons appelé le « risque émotionnel ») sont traitées politiquement. Le risque émotionnel peut apparaître souvent comme un risque invisibilisé, car normalisé. Il constitue un enjeu important pour les conditions de travail et leur négociation, mais il est délicat à mettre en avant. Il est souvent expliqué et légitimé par la culture professionnelle, plus ou moins nié par les logiques gestionnaires et relativement oublié de l’action syndicale. Par conséquent, il s’extrait peu ou pas du champ local et n’acquiert donc pas une dimension politique plus large, alors même que l’on observe un intérêt croissant des politiques publiques pour les questions de bien-être au travail.
PEPITEM/Cadherin 15 Axis Inhibits T Lymphocyte Infiltration and Glomerulonephritis in a Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Matsubara Hidehito , Shimizu Yoshitaka , Arai Masaaki , Yamagata Akira , Ito Seigo , Imakiire Toshihiko , Tsunoda Masashi , Kumagai Hiroo , Oshima Naoki
Published: March 2020

Control of lymphocyte infiltration in kidney is a potential therapeutic strategy for lupus nephritis, considering that control of lymphocyte migration by sphingosine 1 phosphate has been implicated in inflammation-related pathology. The peptide inhibitor of the transendothelial migration (PEPITEM)/cadherin (CDH) 15 axis was recently reported to promote sphingosine 1 phosphate secretion. In this study, we investigated whether CDH15 is expressed in the kidney of MRL/lpr mice and whether lymphocyte infiltration is suppressed by exogenously administered PEPITEM. Mice (18 wk old) were randomized into 4-wk treatment groups that received PEPITEM or PBS encapsulated in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. Enlargement of the kidney, spleen, and axillary lymph nodes was suppressed by PEPITEM treatment, which also blocked infiltration of double-negative T lymphocytes into the kidney and glomerular IgG/C3 deposition, reduced proteinuria, and increased podocyte density. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the PEPITEM receptor CDH15 was expressed on vascular endothelial cells of glomeruli and kidney arterioles, skin, and peritoneum in lupus mice at 22 wk of age but not in 4-wk-old mice. These results suggest that PEPITEM inhibits lymphocyte migration and infiltration into the kidney, thereby preserving the kidney structure and reducing proteinuria. Thus, PEPITEM administration may be considered as a potential therapeutic tool for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap–Associated CEACAM1 as a Putative Therapeutic Target to Prevent Metastatic Progression of Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Rayes Roni F. , Vourtzoumis Phil , Bou Rjeily Marianne , Seth Rashmi , Bourdeau France , Giannias Betty , Berube Julie , Huang Yu-Hwa , Rousseau Simon , Camilleri-Broet Sophie , Blumberg Richard S. , Beauchemin Nicole , Najmeh Sara , Cools-Lartigue Jonathan , Spicer Jonathan D. , Ferri Lorenzo E.
Published: March 2020

Neutrophils promote tumor growth and metastasis at multiple stages of cancer progression. One mechanism through which this occurs is via release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We have previously shown that NETs trap tumor cells in both the liver and the lung, increasing their adhesion and metastasis following postoperative complications. Multiple studies have since shown that NETs play a role in tumor progression and metastasis. NETs are composed of nuclear DNA-derived web-like structures decorated with neutrophil-derived proteins. However, it is unknown which, if any, of these NET-affiliated proteins is responsible for inducing the metastatic phenotype. In this study, we identify the NET-associated carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) as an essential element for this interaction. Indeed, blocking CEACAM1 on NETs, or knocking it out in a murine model, leads to a significant decrease in colon carcinoma cell adhesion, migration and metastasis. Thus, this work identifies NET-associated CEACAM1 as a putative therapeutic target to prevent the metastatic progression of colon carcinoma.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Inhibits Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Function and Development
Authors: Sesti-Costa Renata , Cervantes-Barragan Luisa , Swiecki Melissa K. , Fachi José Luís , Cella Marina , Gilfillan Susan , Silva João Santana , Colonna Marco
Published: March 2020

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce abundant type I IFNs (IFN-I) in response to viral nucleic acids. Generation of pDCs from bone marrow dendritic cell (DC) progenitors and their maintenance is driven by the transcription factor E2-2 and inhibited by its repressor Id2. In this study, we find that mouse pDCs selectively express the receptor for LIF that signals through STAT3. Stimulation of pDCs with LIF inhibited IFN-I, TNF, and IL-6 responses to CpG and induced expression of the STAT3 targets SOCS3 and Bcl3, which inhibit IFN-I and NF-κB signaling. Moreover, although STAT3 has been also reported to induce E2-2, LIF paradoxically induced its repressor Id2. A late-stage bone marrow DC progenitor expressed low amounts of LIFR and developed into pDCs less efficiently after being exposed to LIF, consistent with the induction of Id2. Conversely, pDC development and serum IFN-I responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection were augmented in newly generated mice lacking LIFR in either CD11c+ or hematopoietic cells. Thus, an LIF-driven STAT3 pathway induces SOCS3, Bcl3, and Id2, which render pDCs and late DC progenitors refractory to physiological stimuli controlling pDC functions and development. This pathway can be potentially exploited to prevent inappropriate secretion of IFN-I in autoimmune diseases or promote IFN-I secretion during viral infections.
NOD1 Promotes Antiviral Signaling by Binding Viral RNA and Regulating the Interaction of MDA5 and MAVS
Authors: Wu Xiao Man , Zhang Jie , Li Peng Wei , Hu Yi Wei , Cao Lu , Ouyang Songying , Bi Yong Hong , Nie Pin , Chang Ming Xian
Published: March 2020

Nucleotide oligomerization domain–like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I–like receptors (RLRs) detect diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns to activate the innate immune response. The role of mammalian NLR NOD1 in sensing bacteria is well established. Although several studies suggest NOD1 also plays a role in sensing viruses, the mechanisms behind this are still largely unknown. In this study, we report on the synergism and antagonism between NOD1 and MDA5 isoforms in teleost. In zebrafish, the overexpression of NOD1 enhances the antiviral response and mRNA abundances of key antiviral genes involved in RLR-mediated signaling, whereas the loss of NOD1 has the opposite effect. Notably, spring viremia of carp virus–infected NOD1−/− zebrafish exhibit reduced survival compared with wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, NOD1 targets MDA5 isoforms and TRAF3 to modulate the formation of MDA5–MAVS and TRAF3–MAVS complexes. The cumulative effects of NOD1 and MDA5a (MDA5 normal form) were observed for the binding with poly(I:C) and the formation of the MDA5a–MAVS complex, which led to increased transcription of type I IFNs and ISGs. However, the antagonism between NOD1 and MDA5b (MDA5 truncated form) was clearly observed during proteasomal degradation of NOD1 by MDA5b. In humans, the interactions between NOD1–MDA5 and NOD1–TRAF3 were confirmed. Furthermore, the roles that NOD1 plays in enhancing the binding of MDA5 to MAVS and poly(I:C) are also evolutionarily conserved across species. Taken together, our findings suggest that mutual regulation between NOD1 and MDA5 isoforms may play a crucial role in the innate immune response and that NOD1 acts as a positive regulator of MDA5/MAVS normal form–mediated immune signaling in vertebrates.
RNA-Binding Protein HuR Promotes Th17 Cell Differentiation and Can Be Targeted to Reduce Autoimmune Neuroinflammation
Authors: Chen Jing , Martindale Jennifer L. , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Kumar Gaurav , Fortina Paolo M. , Gorospe Myriam , Rostami Abdolmohamad , Yu Shiguang
Published: March 2020

Dysregulated Th17 cell differentiation is associated with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, which has no curative treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulating Th17 cell differentiation will help find a novel therapeutic target for treating Th17 cell–mediated diseases. In this study, we investigated the cell-intrinsic processes by which RNA-binding protein HuR orchestrates Th17 cell fate decisions by posttranscriptionally regulating transcription factors Irf4 and Runx1 and receptor Il12rb1 expression, in turn promoting Th17 cell and Th1-like Th17 cell differentiation in C57BL/6J mice. Knockout of HuR altered the transcriptome of Th17 cells characterized by reducing the levels of RORγt, IRF4, RUNX1, and T-bet, thereby reducing the number of pathogenic IL-17+IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells in the spleen during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In keeping with the fact that HuR increased the abundance of adhesion molecule VLA-4 on Th17 cells, knockout of HuR impaired splenic Th17 cell migration to the CNS and abolished the disease. Accordingly, targeting HuR by its inhibitor DHTS inhibited splenic Th17 cell differentiation and reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity. In sum, we uncovered the molecular mechanism of HuR regulating Th17 cell functions, underscoring the therapeutic value of HuR for treatment of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
ADAR1 Regulates Early T Cell Development via MDA5-Dependent and -Independent Pathways
Authors: Vongpipatana Tuangtong , Nakahama Taisuke , Shibuya Toshiharu , Kato Yuki , Kawahara Yukio
Published: March 2020

ADAR1 is an RNA-editing enzyme that is abundant in the thymus. We have previously reported that ADAR1 is required for establishing central tolerance during the late stage of thymocyte development by preventing MDA5 sensing of endogenous dsRNA as nonself. However, the role of ADAR1 during the early developmental stage remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that early thymocyte-specific deletion of ADAR1 in mice caused severe thymic atrophy with excessive apoptosis and impaired transition to a late stage of development accompanied by the loss of TCR expression. Concurrent MDA5 deletion ameliorated apoptosis but did not restore impaired transition and TCR expression. In addition, forced TCR expression was insufficient to restore the transition. However, simultaneous TCR expression and MDA5 deletion efficiently ameliorated the impaired transition of ADAR1-deficient thymocytes to the late stage. These findings indicate that RNA-editing–dependent and –independent functions of ADAR1 synergistically regulate early thymocyte development.
Treating Autoimmune Diseases by Targeting IL-23 with Gene-Silencing Pyrrole–Imidazole Polyamide
Authors: He Xiaozhen , Liu Ruiling , Fan Tingting , Huang Xiaowen , Wu Chunlei , Su Wu , Wang Ting , Ruan Qingguo
Published: March 2020

Autoimmune diseases are a physiological state that immune responses are directed against and damage the body’s own tissues. Numerous studies have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in certain autoimmune diseases by targeting IL-23/IL-17 axis, mostly through using Abs against IL-23 or IL-17A. Pyrrole–imidazole polyamides are nuclease-resistant compounds that inhibit gene expression through binding to the minor groove of DNA. To develop a novel gene-silencing agent that targets IL-23/IL-17 axis, we designed polyamide that specifically binds to the transcription factor c-Rel–binding site located in the promoter of IL-23p19 subunit. Our study showed that this polyamide is capable of entering into nucleus with high efficiency in dendritic cells and macrophage. In addition, it prevented the binding of c-Rel to the promoter of IL-23p19 in vivo and specifically inhibited the expression of IL-23. More importantly, we demonstrated that this polyamide is therapeutically effective using both the imiquimod-induced psoriasis and experimental autoimmune uveitis mouse models. Taken together, these results indicate that pyrrole–imidazole polyamide targeting IL-23p19 could be a novel and feasible therapeutic strategy for patients with autoimmune diseases.
Interaction Force between a Small Magnet and a Superconducting Sphere
Authors: Ahmad Subahi Ahmad Subahi
Published: March 2020

The interaction force between a small magnet and a superconducting sphere is calculated
using the method of images. Our approach can be easily verified by applying boundary
conditions. This work will possesses and clear the discrepancies found in the literature. For
collinear dipoles case (small magnet and its image), we found the elevated force to be dependent
on the geometrical dimensions of the problem
A Heuristic Approach for Distributing Pilgrims over Mina Tents
Authors: Mohd K. Shambour Mohd K. Shambour
Published: March 2020

t. Every year, more than two million Muslims come to the holy city, Makkah, to perform
Hajj (the Islamic pilgrimage). One of Hajj rituals is to spend two to three nights in Mina, one of
the holy sites. Distributing Muslim pilgrims in Mina, respecting different kinds of constraints,
over limited number of tents is a real-world optimization problem. In this paper, a heuristic based
algorithm is proposed, called Mina Tent Distribution Algorithm (MTDA), attempting to better
utilize the available capacity of Mina’s area in the best possible way with an efficient use of the
available resources. MTDA employs seven functions during the search process to find the best fit
accommodation for pilgrims on the available tents of Mina. Experimental results revealed that
MTDA achieves better performance compared with eight algorithm schemes in all experimental
cases. The best result of MTDA was obtained through allocating 80% of the total number of
pilgrims over 76.2% of the total available accommodation space of Mina area.
Improve the Information Technology Infrastructure at Saudi Airlines
(SAUDIA) by Adapting and Implementing Agile Project Management
Methodology
Authors: Mohammad R. Kabli Mohammad R. Kabli
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to introduce an adapted and applied Agile methodology for the
Information Technology (IT) teams working at Saudi Arabian Airlines SAUDIA. The research
methodology has been based on the best practices for managing the change as well as executing
the managerial practices smoothly. The method development procedures were implemented using
the design science research approach including problem identification, designing the proposed
methodology and evaluating the case studies. The methodology included several stages, which are
preparatory stage, employees' analysis stage, Agile PM methodology selection stage, agile
adaptation, agile implantation and developing agility principles for SAUDIA. After that, a
questionnaire was distributed amongst the agile team to evaluate their perception of the agile
method. Results showed a strong relationship between the implementation of agile methods and
performance of IT staff members, where members working according to agile method have better
performance compared to those working according to the traditional method. The study
recommended gradual adoption of agile method for the entire sectors in the SAUDIA. The study
also recommended the need to involve all workers in the process of managing and executing tasks
within the company.
الشبكة العصبية الملتفّة العميقة جدًا لتصنيف الأورام الجلدية
Authors: مجدي راشد سالم النويمي مجدي راشد سالم النويمي
Published: March 2020

ي التصوير الطبي والأشعة التشخيصية، بسرعة أصبح التشخيص بمساعدة الحاسوب أداة رئيسية، ويعد الفحص البصري للأمراض الجلدية أحد التطبيقات المحتملة. في هذه الورقة
الصوت في مؤلفات علماء العصور الإسلامية
Authors: صباح السيد سليمان يوسف صباح السيد سليمان يوسف
Published: March 2020

. يتناول هذا البحث قراءة تحليلية لمفاهيم علم الصوت من خلال ما كُتب في مؤلفات علماء العصور الإسلامية في الفترة من القرن العاشر إلى القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي، بالإستناد للمفاهيم المختلفة المعروفة في هذا الوقت والمتعلقة بهذا المجال؛ لتكوين صورة تتيح الإجابة عن التساؤل المطروح: هل توفر لمعماريي العصور الإسلامية قاعدة معلوماتية في علم الصوت في تلك الفترة؟ وما هي تلك القاعدة المتاحة؟ وقد أوضحت الدراسة وجود مبادئ ومفاهيم أساسية عن علم الصوت في العصور الاسلامية - والذي قام علماؤه بوضع الكثير من المفاهيم المستخدمة الآن، إذا اُستثنيَت الحسابات والمعادلات القائمة على استخدام الأجهزة الحديثة في الصوتيات- إلى جانب التأكد من تناول بعض المعماريين جانبًا منها في قراءاتهم ودراستهم. وذلك من خلال تناول بعض الدراسات للصوتيات المعمارية في العمارة الإسلامية، تليها دراسة نقاط أساسية كالتالي: الخلفية التاريخية، ومصادر علم الصوت، والصوت، وخصائص السمع في الأذن البشرية، وخصائص المصدر الصوتي، وانعكاس الصوت، وقوانين حركة الموجات الصوتية، وأجهزة الصوتة.
الحد الحضري من الفصل إلى الوصل: تطوير قناة مجرى السيل الجنوبي بجدة كمحور ترفيهي أخضر
Authors: فاروق فؤاد داغستاني فاروق فؤاد داغستاني
Published: March 2020

. تعتبر الاستمرارية المكانية من أهم ما يميز المدن، كونها تسهل وصول الناس إلى احتياجاتهم المعيشية ضمن حيز مكاني محدد؛ غير أن ما يعرف بالحدود الحضرية (Urban Edges) قد يشكل في بعض الأحيان عقبة تجاه ذلك التميز للمدن. يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة حالة محلية لعنصر فصل حضري بوضعه الراهن، وهو قناة مجرى السيل الجنوبي بمدينة جدة، وإلى مدى إمكانية تحويلها إلى عنصر وصل، أخذًا في الاعتبار منظومة من الأبعاد الإنسانية المهمة في تخطيط المحاور الحضرية الخضراء. بعد دراسة الوضع الحالي للمجرى من خلال عناصر البيئة الإنسانية والمبنية والطبيعية، يخلص البحث إلى وضع مقترح مبدئي لمخططه العام، والذي يتمثل في تحويله إلى محور أخضر يتشكل من حدائق طولية متنوعة توفر مساحات للترفيه والتريض، بالإضافة إلى توفير فرص استثمارية واجتماعية. وتمثل هذه الدراسة محاولة جادة لكشف النقاب عن فرصة تطويرية على مقياس المدينة لأحد الفراغات الكبرى في مدينة جدة.
Model for Industrial Site Selection towards a More Sustainable Dammam
Metropolitan Area: Experts-Based Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Faez S. Al-Shihri Faez S. Al-Shihri
Published: March 2020

Industrial site selection is the process of choosing the most suitable location(s) that meets the desired requirements set by
the selection criteria. Siting an industry is a major long-term investment. In this sense, selection of the most suitable location is
imperative in satisfying the social, economic, environmental, and sustainability requirements. Identifying the most suitable site(s)
with desired requirements defined by the selection criteria is basically one of the key objectives of industrial site selection. The
majority of the data used by managers and decision makers in industrial site selection are geographically related, which denotes the
industrial site selection process to be a spatial decision issue. Therefore, this study employed Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
model to evaluate the location suitability of the existing industries Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) based on a number of
decision criteria used in selecting the most suitable industrial sites. Priority weights were calculated after ranking each criterion using
the Saaty’s 9 point scale of preference by the experts. Weights were calculated and further normalized through the AHP. The findings
of the survey have been used to evaluate the existing and approved industrial sites in DMA. The study have reached an important
conclusion and recommendations with regards to the existing and approved industrial sites in DMA.
دراسة تحقيقية لعناصر مختارة من الصف الأول للفلزات الانتقالية مع حمض الخليك إيميدازول بواسطة نظرية دالة الدالة للكشف عن سلوك العبور الغزلي المحتمل
Authors: عبد السلام الجديدي عبد السلام الجديدي
Published: March 2020

. تم اعتبار الفلزات الانتقالية -حمض الأسيتيك إيميدازول (IMD-TM)، وقد تم حساب العديد من الخصائص بواسطة نظرية دالة الدالة بهدف المقارنة. أظهر البحث أن أطوال الروابط M-N و M-O أقصر عند الانتقال من حالة الغزل العالي (HS) إلى حالة لغزل المنخفض (LS) . بالإضافة إلى التقارب في فرق الطاقة بين حالي الغزل العالي والمنخفض. أظهرت النتائج الأخيرة أن الكروم يعتبر مرشحًا جيدًا لسلوك العبور الغزلي، كما أن الانتقالات الإلكترونية المختلفة للأشعة فوق البنفسجية -المرئية على نطاق واسع، والتي نتجت من الترابط بين حمض الأسيتيك إيميدازول، باعتباره ليجند ضعيف، مع الفلزات الانتقالية ثنائية التكافؤ قد أفرزت صدع مجالي صغير (?o) وطاقة إقران عالية الإلكترون (?). لقد أفضت هذه الظروف لاستقرار الغزل العالي مقارنة بحالة الغزل المنخفض، مع عدم وجود إمكانية لحدوث سلوك العبور الغزلي.
حالات بعض الأنواع البكتيرية الأكثر شيوعًا في مرضى التليف الكيسي في جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: أحمد محمود الهجن أحمد محمود الهجن
Published: March 2020

. يُعد الفقدان التدريجي لوظائف الرئة بسبب الاستجابة الالتهابية للاستعمار البكتيري السبب الرئيسي لوفيات مرضى التليف الكيسي. هناك حاجة إلى فهم أكبر لهذه الالتهابات البكتيرية لتحسين إدارة أمراض الرئة. كان الهدف من هذا البحث عزل البكتيريا المرتبطة بمرضى التليف الكيسي وتعريفها كيموحيوياً. وتمت مقارنة 25 عزلة بكتيرية من مرضى التليف الكيسي مع 24 عزلة من مرضى غير التليف الكيسي. تم عزل أربعة أنواع مختلفة في هذه الدراسة. P. aeruginosa، S. aureus، K. pneumoniae، A. baumannii . في الختام، أظهرت هذه النتائج أن مرضى التليف الكيسي في جدة لديهم أنواع بكتيرية Bacterial Species غير شائعة لدى مرضى التليف الكيسي.
تحورات الحمض النووي الريبي لجينات ndhC و ndhD وndhf البلاستيدية في أنسجة نبات الوينكا
Authors: وسيمة بريكان الشمري وسيمة بريكان الشمري
Published: March 2020

التعبير الجيني في البلاستيدات يتضمن إجراء يحدث بعد عمليه النسخ يسمى تحرير الحمض النووي الرايبوزي في عملية التحرير النووي الرايبوزي يتم استبدال النيكلوتيدات من سايتوسين إلى يورادين وهذا التحول يعتبر أساسي لإنتاج بروتينات بكفاءة وظيفيه أعلى. يغير هذا الإجراء تسلسل النيكليوتيدات على مستوى الحمض النووي الرايبوزي ليختلف عن تسلسل الجين المنسوخ. في هذه الدراسة تم تحديد أماكن التعديل في الجينات التالية ndhC, ndhD وndhF من بلاستيده نبات الوينكا الطبي والتي تقوم بترجمة وحدات تدخل في تكوين وبناء مركب إنزيم الديهيدروجينيز (NAD(P) H). وبعد ذلك، تم مقارنة الأماكن المعدلة في الأنسجة المختلفة (الزهرة، الورقة، الساق، الجذر، الشعيرات الجذرية والباذرات) عن طريق استخدام برنامج CLC genomic workbench 3.6.5. بينت أبحاث سابقه أن تحرير الحمض الرايبوزي يعتمد على نوع النبات ولكن في هذه الدراسة تم توضيح انه يعتمد أيضا على نوع الأنسجة في نفس النبات. بناء" على التحليل الحاسوبي، تم تحديد مواقع معدله في ndhD وndhF ولم يتم ملاحظه اي موقع متغير في ndhC في جميع أجزاء هذا النبات. علاوة على ذلك، تم مقارنة الأحماض الأمينية الناتجة عن هذه التغيرات في الأنسجة المختلفة حيث لوحظ أن عمليه التحرير زادت من إنتاج الأحماض الأمينية الكارهة للماء مبينا ان هذه الإجراء قد يكون له تأثير على الجينات المستهدفة.
The Differential Effects of College Experiences on Cognitive Outcomes Among First-Generation Subpopulations
Authors: Iorio Michael F
Published: March 2020

Study purpose was to evaluate how select college experiences affect cognitive outcomes among racial/ethnic populations of first-generation students.  A nationwide dataset consisting of the 2006 The Freshman Survey (TFS) and the 2010 College Senior Survey (CSS) was utilized to address the research question.  Findings from this study suggest that select college experiences positively affect cognitive outcomes, but the magnitudes of these effects vary for racial/ethnic subpopulations.
Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Burden or Boon
Authors: Ali Nafez , Ganideh Saeb F. Al
Published: March 2020

The growing number of Syrian refugees in Jordan broadens the importance of exploring Jordanians’ attitudes toward increasingly protracted Syrian refugees. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which demographic and socio-psychological variables shape Jordanians’ attitudes toward Syrian refugees. The study design is mainly quantitative with a qualitative technique to support and expand upon the study findings. Data were collected from 199 Jordanians over a sixteen-week period in 2015. Quantitative data were analyzed using a hierarchal regression method. The results reveal that attitudes toward Syrian refugees in Jordan are determined by issues such as unemployment and pressure on resources. Income, geographical location and patriotism were found to have statistically significant influence on Jordanians’ attitude toward Syrian refugees. Jordanians who live in the North of the country (large number of Syrian refugees reside in this area), high income Jordanians, and Jordanian with high level of patriotism hold the least positive attitudes toward Syrian refugees.
Critical Factors of Total Logistics Cost: A Survey of Vietnam-Based Logistics Service Providers
Authors: Hoa Ho Thi Thu , Lien Bui Thi Bich , Tam Tran Thi Anh , Hinh Nguyen Van , Thanh Le Van
Published: March 2020

Since 1995, the integration of Vietnam into regional and global trade agreements, for example ASEAN, WTO and recent free trade agreements (FTA) with South Korea, Japan, EU has boosted the country’s import export volume tremendously. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) formed in late 2015 creates not only opportunities but also challenges for the Vietnamese economy in general and Vietnam's logistics sector in particular enter internationally. In addition, CPTPP (CPTPP - Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership) and EVFTA (EVFTA- EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement) will contribute to expanding markets and increasing exports to 11 member countries (CPTPP, also known as TPP11) as well as 27 European Union member countries (EU). Especially when joining in the global organizations, the price of goods is always a decisive factor in the issue of competition with members in the organizations and outside the organizations. Countries always want to have products with high value but competitive prices to survive and create profits with those advantages and challenges.Logistics costs are considered as one of the factors causing high product’s price, especially Vietnam's leading import-export products, which contributes to reduce the competitive advantage of Vietnamese products in the international market. Therefore, there have been some previous studies to find out the factors that increase logistics costs in order to find solutions to reduce Vietnam's logistics costs, increase product value and increase competitiveness advantages. Many concerns about improving the logistics efficiency and effectiveness of these commodity chains in Vietnam recently have urged for more in-depth studies and academic researches about this topic. In this paper, we are going to conduct an empirical research about the critical factors on logistics cost by sending out surveys to Vietnam-based logistics service providers to interview. The SPSS software version 20 was used to check the suitability of six critical factors and their 41 elements and apply the dataset to build up the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) model. Besides that, the authors also used in-depth interview method on different research subjects including: cargo owners, logistics service providers and associations for listening their difficulties related to logistics factors and finding out the causes for increasing logistics cost. Base on analyzing critical factors and opinions of enterprises, the authors want to suggest some solutions for decreasing logistics cost in Vietnam.
Conjunctive Adverbials Used by Charlotte Brontë in the Novel “Jane Eyre”
Authors: Leláková Eva , Šavelová Nikola
Published: March 2020

Conjunctive adverbials or simply conjuncts represent specific sentence elements contributing to the overall semantic coherence of a text. Their use or omission depends entirely on the decision of the author of the text, the way he or she perceives and intends to convey a particular type of connection between its individual parts. In the present linguistic study of the literary work—the self-selected novel “Jane Eyre”—we observe and subsequently specify and evaluate occurrence of conjunctive adverbials in the text with the focus on their particular semantic categories and positions within a sentence.
Aqueous liquid membrane process for recovery of BTX aromatics
Authors: Putrawan I Dewa Gede Arsa
Published: March 2020

An aqueous liquid membrane process has been developed for extracting BTX aromatics in catalytic reformate. The process mainly involved a multistage liquid-membrane permeator and two distillation towers. Continuous stirred vessels were utilized as contactors for permeation. Aqueous solution of saponin and light oil were used as liquid membrane and receiving phase, respectively. The equations of material balance, permeation, and constrain have been solved to study the effects of operating variables on the product yield and BTX purity. BTX purity up to 95% and yield of 90% could be achieved. The larger the values of solvent-to-feed ratio, stirring rate, number of permeation stages, permeator reflux ratio, or permeator volume, the greater the energy requirement. The energy supplied to the process is mainly utilized to recover solvent. Solvent-to-feed ratio was found to be the most influential variable on energy demand. The purity of BTX aromatics increases as the permeator reflux ratio and solvent-to-feed ratio increase or the stirring rate, number of permeation stages, and permeator volume decrease. The opposite trends are observed for the yield of BTX aromatics. The raffinate obtained was found to be a good blendstock for clean motor gasoline. Keywords: Liquid membrane, BTX Aromatic, Stirred vesselAbstrakProses membran cair akuatik telah dikembangkan untuk ekstraksi aromatik BTX dari reformat katalitik. Proses tersebut melibatkan permeator multitahap dan dua kolom distilasi sebagai alat utama. Tangki berpengaduk kontinyu digunakan sebagai alat kontak permeasi. Larutan saponin dalam air digunakan sebagai membran cair dan minyak ringan digunakan sebagai fasa penerima. Persamaan-persamaan neraca massa, permeasi dan kendala proses telah diselesaikan untuk mengkaji pengaruh berbagai variabel operasi terhadap perolehan produk dan kemurnian BTX. Kemurnian BTX hingga 95% dan perolehan hingga 90% dapat dicapai. Jika rasio pelarut-terhadap-umpan, laju pengadukan, jumlah tahap permeasi, rasio refluks permeator, atau volume permeator ditingkatkan, maka kebutuhan energi menjadi semakin besar. Energi yang dipasok ke dalam proses didominasi oleh pemulihan pelarut. Rasio pelarut-terhadap-umpan diketahui sebagai variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kebutuhan energi. Kemurnian aromatik BTX semakin meningkat jika laju pengadukan, jumlah tahap permeasi, rasio refluks permeator, atau volume permeator dikurangi. Hal sebaliknya ditemukan untuk nilai perolehan aromatik BTX. Rafinat yang diperoleh diketahui sebagai bahan yang baik untuk gasolin motor ramah lingkungan.Kata kunci: Membran cair, Aromatik BTX, Tangki berpengaduk
Chamois leather tanning accelerated by oxidizing agent of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Suparno Ono , Sa’id E Gumbira , Kartika Ika A , Muslich M , Amwaliya Shiva
Published: March 2020

A weakness of chamois leather production practiced nowadays is its oxidation process taking relatively long time, i.e. nine days to two weeks. The use of an oxidizing agent was reported to shorten the oxidation process of the tanning. Appropriate condition for the tanning needs to be applied in order to improve the process efficiency and to obtain satisfactory quality leather. In this study, the best oxidation times inside and outside the rotary drum of the tanning accelerated by hydrogen peroxide were investigated. The experiment was conducted by tanning of pickled goatskin for 4, 6, and 8 hours oxidation times inside the rotary drum and 1, 2, and 3 days of oxidation times outside the drum. The physical and organoleptic properties of the leathers were tested. The physical and organoleptic properties of the leathers resulted by this study met the quality requirements for the chamois leather. The best conditions for the tanning were oxidation times of eight hours inside the rotary drum and one day outside the rotary drum. Keywords: acceleration, chamois leather, hydrogen peroxide, oxidation time, rubber seed oil, tanningAbstrakKelemahan dari produksi kulit samoa yang dipraktekkan saat ini adalah proses oksidasinya yang memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama, yaitu sembilan hari sampai dua minggu. Penggunaan bahan pengoksidasi dilaporkan dapat mempersingkat proses oksidasi pada penyamakan tersebut. Kondisi yang sesuai untuk penyamakan tersebut diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses dan untuk mendapatkan kulit samak bermutu tinggi. Dalam studi ini, diteliti waktu oksidasi terbaik di dalam dan di luar drum berputar pada penyamakan kulit samoa yang dipercepat menggunakan hidrogen peroksida. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyamak kulit pikel kambing selama 4, 6, dan 8 jam waktu oksidasi di dalam drum berputar dan 1, 2, dan 3 hari waktu oksidasi di luar drum. Sifat-sifat fisik dan organoleptik dari kulit samak diuji. Sifat-sifat fisik dan organoleptik dari kulit samoa yang dihasilkan dari peneltian ini memenuhi persyaratan mutu kulit samoa. Waktu oksidasi terbaik adalah delapan jam oksidasi di dalam drum berputar dan satu hari oksidasi di luar drum berputar.Kata kunci: percepatan, kulit samoa, hidrogen peroksida, waktu oksidasi, minyak biji karet, penyamakan