bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric Integrated PCR Protocol for Rapid Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Cheng Kewen , Pan Daodong , Teng Jun , Yao Li , Ye Yingwang , Xue Feng , Xia Fan , Chen Wei
Published: September 2016

Rapid detection of pathogens is of great significance for food safety and disease diagnosis. A new colorimetric method for rapid and easy detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus or Vp) has been developed in this research. A specific sequence was designed and integrated with the forward primer for molecular detection of Vp. This specific sequence was tested and treated as the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimicking DNAzyme and could be amplified during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. The products of PCR including the sequence of HRP-mimicking DNAzyme could produce the distinguished color in the presence of catalysis substrates. The optical signal of the catalysis reaction, which is in a linear relationship with the initial template of Vp, could be determined with the naked eye or measured with Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) for qualitative and quantitative detections, respectively. Based on the optical signal intensity, rapid and easy detection of Vp was successfully achieved with satisfied sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the detection of tdh, trh, tlh and toxR virulence genes of two Vp species (Vp 33847 and Vp 17802) were all performed successfully with this developed colorimetric integrated PCR protocol, which demonstrated potential applicability for the rapid detection of other bacteria.
Broadband Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Distributed Modulated Wideband Converter
Authors: Xu Ziyong , Li Zhi , Li Jian
Published: September 2016

The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is a kind of sub-Nyquist sampling system which is developed from compressed sensing theory. It accomplishes highly accurate broadband sparse signal recovery by multichannel sub-Nyquist sampling sequences. However, when the number of sparse sub-bands becomes large, the amount of sampling channels increases proportionally. Besides, it is very hard to adjust the number of sampling channels when the sparsity changes, because its undersampling board is designed by a given sparsity. Such hardware cost and inconvenience are unacceptable in practical applications. This paper proposes a distributed modulated wideband converter (DMWC) scheme innovatively, which regards one sensor node as one sampling channel and combines MWC technology with a broadband cooperative spectrum sensing network perfectly. Being different from the MWC scheme, DMWC takes phase shift and transmission loss into account in the input terminal, which are unavoidable in practical application. Our scheme is not only able to recover the support of broadband sparse signals quickly and accurately, but also reduces the hardware cost of the single node drastically. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that phase shift has no influence on the recovery of frequency support, but transmission loss degrades the recovery performance to a different extent. Nevertheless, we can increase the amount of cooperative nodes and select satisfactory nodes by a different transmission distance to improve the recovery performance. Furthermore, we can adjust the amount of cooperative nodes flexibly when the sparsity changes. It indicates DMWC is extremely effective in the broadband cooperative spectrum sensing network.
Towards Enhanced Gas Sensor Performance with Fluoropolymer Membranes
Authors: Graunke Thorsten , Schmitt Katrin , Raible Stefan , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: September 2016

In this paper we report on how to increase the selectivity of gas sensors by using fluoropolymer membranes. The mass transport of polar and non-polar gases through a polymer membrane matrix was studied by systematic selection of polymers with different degrees of fluorination, as well as polymers whose monomers have ether groups (-O-) in addition to fluorine groups (-F). For the study, a set of application-relevant gases including H2, CO, CO2, NO2, methane, ethanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde as well as various concentrations of relative humidity were used. These gases have different functional groups and polarities, yet have a similar kinetic diameter and are therefore typically difficult to separate. The concentrations of the gases were chosen according to international indicative limit values (TWA, STEL). To measure the concentration in the feed and permeate, we used tin-dioxide-based metal oxide gas sensors with palladium catalyst (SnO2:Pd), catalytic sensors (also SnO2:Pd-based) and thermal conductivity sensors. This allows a close examination of the interdependence of diffusion and physicochemical operating principle of the sensor. Our goal is to increase the selectivity of gas sensors by using inexpensive fluoropolymer membranes. The measurements showed that through membranes with low polarity, preferably non-polar gases are transported. Furthermore, the degree of crystallization influences the permeability and selectivity of a polymer membrane. Basically the polar polymers showed a higher permeability to water vapor and polar substances than non-polar polymer membranes.
Muscle- and Mode-Specific Responses of the Forearm Flexors to Fatiguing, Concentric Muscle Actions
Authors: Hill Ethan , Housh Terry , Smith Cory , Schmidt Richard , Johnson Glen
Published: September 2016

Background: Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) studies of fatigue have generally utilized maximal isometric or dynamic muscle actions, but sport- and work-related activities involve predominately submaximal movements. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the torque, EMG, and MMG responses as a result of submaximal, concentric, isokinetic, forearm flexion muscle actions. Methods: Twelve men performed concentric peak torque (PT) and isometric PT trials before (pretest) and after (posttest) performing 50 submaximal (65% of concentric PT), concentric, isokinetic (60°·s−1), forearm flexion muscle actions. Surface EMG and MMG signals were simultaneously recorded from the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles. Results: The results of the present study indicated similar decreases during both the concentric PT and isometric PT measurements for torque, EMG mean power frequency (MPF), and MMG MPF following the fatiguing workbout, but no changes in EMG amplitude (AMP) or MMG AMP. Conclusions: These findings suggest that decreases in torque as a result of fatiguing, dynamic muscle actions may have been due to the effects of metabolic byproducts on excitation–contraction coupling as indicated by the decreases in EMG MPF and MMG MPF, but lack of changes in EMG AMP and MMG AMP from both the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles.
A Decision Making Tool for a Comprehensive Evaluation of Building Retrofitting Actions at the Regional Scale
Authors: Albatici Rossano , Gadotti Alessia , Baldessari Christian , Chiogna Michela
Published: September 2016

Buildings in Europe account for 40% of total primary energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions. Nearly one-half of the building stock was built before modern energy efficiency standards and need urgent renovation. Urban retrofitting has emerged as a crucial factor for bringing about a radical change, the new construction rate being lower than 1%. Nevertheless, an accepted and consolidated methodology for refurbishing the existing housing stock is still lacking. The study presents an operating methodology for the optimization of the retrofitting process, based on energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, as well as users’ comfort, in the building asset of ITEA SpA, the social housing institute for the Province of Trento (Italy), which manages more than 600 buildings. The research consists of the following stages: (1) definition of building classes, similar in age, dimension, typology, construction system and location; (2) analysis of plant systems and recognition of cases significant for classifying buildings in term of energy class; (3) identification of possible improvements and related cost-benefits; and (4) extension of the results to the whole building class. A tool is here proposed, intended for use by ITEA in order to set medium- and long-term plans. The tool does not consider only the effective sustainability of the controlling body intervention but also the final users’ full satisfaction.
Between Legend and Reality: The Bukit Batu Cemetery of the Island of Bintan, Riau Archipelago
Authors: Massot Gilles , Kalus Ludvik
Published: September 2016

Entre légende et réalité : le cimetière Bukit Batu de l''île de Bintan, archipel de Riau

Cet article se propose d’établir l’importance historique du cimetière de Bintan Bukit Batu, situé au centre de Bintan, l’une des principales îles de l’archipel de Riau en Indonésie. Ce cimetière a fait l’objet d’un relevé réalisé par Gilles Massot en 2010. La première partie décrit les six «tombes » , et plus spécialement les pierres tombales qui se trouvent actuellement dans le cimetière. Cinq de ces tombes sont marquées par des pierres du type batu Aceh, un style fréquemment rencontré en Asie du Sud-Est maritime. La lecture effectuée par Ludvik Kalus des inscriptions sur l’une de ces tombes a révélé une date du XVe siècle EC, faisant de cette inscription la plus ancienne inscription islamique connue de l’archipel de Riau. Dans la seconde partie, l’histoire orale de ces tombes est comparée aux versions publiées de la

Sejarah Melayu. La troisième partie est consacrée au rôle de Bukit Batu depuis la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale et à son futur dans le contexte de la transformation présente de Bintan.
Nouvelles considérations sur les deux inscriptions arabes dites du « Champa »
Authors: Lotfi Abdeljaouad
Published: September 2016

New Considerations on the Two Arabic Inscriptions Supposed to Come from the “ Champa”

Through a series of palaeographic comparisons and linguitisc analyses, we manage to dispel the ambiguities about the two Arabic inscriptions considered from “ Champa”. In fact, these inscriptions have no relation at all to the context of their discovery (on the Annamese coast, in Vietnam), as both belong to “ Tunisian Ifrīqiyya”. They were engraved in Qayrawan, on the same object, but at two very distant dates (the 11th and the 19th centuries AD).
Journeys, Palaces and Landscapes in the Javanese Imaginary. Some Preliminary Comments Based on the Kakawin Sumanasāntaka
Authors: Worsley Peter
Published: September 2016

Voyages, Palais et paysages dans l'imaginaire javanais. Quelques commentaires préliminaires basées sur le kakawin sumanasāntaka

Les épopées kakawin contiennent des descriptions vivantes des espaces architecturaux des palais, villages, temples et hermitages, des paysages ruraux et de l’espace des régions sauvages. Dans cet essai on discute comment une lecture du poème épique de Mpu Monaguṇa Sumanasāntaka (La mort par une fleur sumanasa) peut contribuer à interpréter l’histoire de l’environnement javanais au début du XIIIe siècle et peut être utile aux archéologues qui tentent d’interpréter les usages socio-culturels des sites qu’ils fouillent. Ce faisant, nous posons la question de savoir à quel point un tel poème donne une description fidèle de la vie javanaise de cette époque, ce qui nous entraîne à considérer deux choses. D’abord la différence entre ce qui pourrait être le témoignage d’une véritable culture javanaise opposée à une culture indienne et ensuite si ce poème est un témoignage de la vie réelle et non pas une oeuvre romanesque.
Dynamique de la production du cuivre au temps des royaumes de Chypre
Authors: Fasnacht Walter
Published: September 2016

Les fouilles sur le site de métallurgie extractive du cuivre d'Agia Varvara-Almyras forment la base de cette contribution plutôt technologique sur le cuivre de Chypre. Le site d'Almyras a livré la seule chaîne opératoire complète de la production de cuivre découverte jusqu'ici à Chypre : de la mine aux outils de concassage du minerai en passant par plusieurs types de fours de grillage et de réduction jusqu'au cuivre raffiné, tous les vestiges pyrotechniques excepté ceux de la fusion et de la coulée du bronze ont été trouvés. Les activités à Almyras sont datées entre le VIe s et le IIe siècle av. J.-C.

Le résultat le plus spectaculaire, en dehors de la reconstitution ergonomique du site, est un four de réduction intact à 90 %. C'est le seul four métallurgique du Proche-Orient du 1er millénaire av. J.-C. permettant de reconstituer la taille, la forme et la fonction d'une unité de réduction de minerai de cuivre. Ni la région célèbre de Timna dans le Sinaï, ni les fouilles de Fenan, ni les sites plus lointains d'Oman, n'ont fourni d'installations aussi révélatrices que le four n° 8 d'Almyras.

L'ensemble des vestiges métallurgiques d'Almyras et d'autres sites de production primaire de cuivre dans la vallée de Sia nous permettent de définir avec assez de précision la technique et le cadre socio-politique de la production du cuivre au temps des royaumes de Chypre. L'environnement géologique et technologique, l'organisation du travail et le produit final - un métal plus ou moins pur - se distinguent clairement de ceux de l'Age du Bronze et de l'époque romaine. La période située entre le VIIIe et le IVe siècle av. J.-C. marque l'apogée technologique de la transformation des minerais et des fours, en particulier de la relation géométrique entre four et tuyère, au cours de toutes les époques pré-médiévales.

L'objectif du projet d'Almyras est de reconstituer ces vestiges uniques du patrimoine historique de Chypre dans leur réalité physique, expérimentale et virtuelle. Cette reconstitution en grandeur réelle a pour but de présenter les résultats de notre recherche aux mondes scientifique, pédagogique et touristique.
Céramiques en usage à Potamia-Agios Sozomenos de l'époque médiévale à l'époque ottomane. Nouvelles données
Authors: Vallauri Lucy
Published: September 2016

The study of the ceramics collected by survey and digging in the Potamia area, in the course of the research program of the EFA, the LAMM and the University of Cyprus, gave new informations on the production of local or regional ceramics and on the distribution in Cyprus of ceramics produced in the Western and the Eastern parts of the Mediterranean. These new discoveries help reconstructing the ceramic horizon of Cyprus from the Middle Ages until modern times.
Une inscription sicilienne déconcertante
Authors: Dubois Laurent
Published: September 2016

Un décret honorifique gravé au Ier siècle a. C. sur deux plaques de bronze découvertes lors des fouilles récentes de la cité d’Halaesa sur la côte nord de la Sicile présente plusieurs caractéristiques remarquables. Outre le fait unique qu’ont été retrouvés les deux exemplaires que mentionnent explicitement les décisions du décret, le document qui parodie très nettement un décret civique émane de l’assemblée et du conseil d’un koinon de prêtres d’Apollon. Le décret se conclut par la mention de 825 votes favorables, un nombre qui paraît tout à fait insolite pour une assemblée de prêtres. L’inscription dont le dialecte est rhodien conserve un autre trait hérité : les trésoriers de cette association de prêtres sont désignés par un adjectif en -εῖος, Διοδωρεῖοι, qui est bâti, comme dans la métropole, sur le nom de leur président ou de leur fondateur. Cette rémanence de formulaire, bien longtemps après la colonisation de Géla et Agrigente par les Rhodiens au VIIe siècle, est pour le moins troublante.
Galien agnostique : un texte caviardé par la tradition
Authors: Pietrobelli Antoine
Published: September 2016

Le manuscrit de Galien, que j’ai découvert en 2005 à Thessalonique, est loin d’avoir encore livré tous ses secrets. Le Thessalonicensis Vlatadon 14 est notamment le seul à conserver intégralement en grec le dernier traité de Galien intitulé "Sur mes propres opinions". Au début de ce livre, Galien fait part de ses opinions sur les dieux. Or ce passage, qui n’était auparavant connu qu’en latin et en hébreu, avait été complétement réécrit par les traducteurs nestoriens de Bagdad. Le texte grec offre donc des informations neuves sur la religion de Galien qui permettent de mieux définir son agnosticisme et d’en apprécier la portée.
Knockdown of Rap1b Enhances Apoptosis and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Li Yazhou , Liu Yang , Shi Feiyu , Cheng Liang , She Junjun
Published: September 2016

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality around the world. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GC tumorigenesis and cancer cell motility are completely unknown. We investigated the role of a RAS-related protein (Rap1b)
in the progression of GC. Our results showed that the expression of Rap1b is aberrantly upregulated in GC tissue samples and human GC cell lines, and the high expression of Rap1b indicated a positive correlation with poor prognosis in patients with GC. Inhibition of endogenous Rap1b dramatically
reduced the cell cycle progression but strongly enhanced the apoptosis capacity of human GC cell lines MKN-28 and SGC-7901 cells compared with the control group. Western blotting assay showed that Rap1b inhibition resulted in a significant increase in the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, and the
levels of p62 protein were decreased in both MKN-28 and SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation was found to be maintained in a low level in the normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, while it was significantly upregulated in GC cells, which could be decreased by Rap1b inhibition.
The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was enhanced but activator insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) blocked the Rap1b silencing-induced enhancement of apoptosis and autophagy in MKN-28 and SGC-7901 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Rap1b expression is aberrantly increased in GC, resulting
in the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis of GC cells by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This might provide a new understanding and represent a novel therapeutic target for human GC.
MicroRNA-21 Regulates the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells by the mTOR-STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liang Tao , Hu Xiao-Yong , Li Yong-Hui , Tian Bin-Qiang , Li Zuo-Wei , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2016

MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21), a kind of short, noncoding RNAs, functioned as a tumor marker and was upregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of miRNA-21 in RCC were uncertain. Therefore, the effects and mechanisms of miRNA-21 on the proliferation, differentiation,
and apoptosis of cultured human RCC cells were further investigated in this study. After slicing miRNA-21 in RCC cells, the viability, mRNA expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ, caspase 3 activity, and protein expression of mTOR, STAT3, and pSTAT3 were determined. It was found that knockdown
of miRNA-21 downregulated the optical density (OD) value of cells, inhibited mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, and enhanced activity of caspase 3. Furthermore, protein expression of pSTAT3 was also decreased in the absence of miRNA-21. Notably, miRNA-21-changed proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis of human RCC cells were partially regulated following the block of the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway by the mTOR inhibitor (XL388). It was indicated that miRNA-21 promoted proliferation and differentiation and decreased apoptosis of human RCC cells through the
activation of the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway.
MAGNETIC FIELD TWISTING BY INTERGRANULAR DOWNDRAFTS
Authors: Taroyan Youra , Williams Thomas
Published: September 2016

The interaction of an intergranular downdraft with an embedded vertical magnetic field is examined. It is demonstrated that the downdraft may couple to small magnetic twists leading to an instability. The descending plasma exponentially amplifies the magnetic twists when it decelerates with depth due to increasing density. Most efficient amplification is found in the vicinity of the level, where the kinetic energy density of the downdraft reaches equipartition with the magnetic energy density. Continual extraction of energy from the decelerating plasma and growth in the total azimuthal energy occurs as a consequence of the wave-flow coupling along the downdraft. The presented mechanism may drive vortices and torsional motions that have been detected between granules and in simulations of magnetoconvection.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE EARLY LIGHT CURVES OF TYPE IIP SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Morozova Viktoriya , Piro Anthony L. , Renzo Mathieu , Ott Christian D.
Published: September 2016

The early rise of Type IIP supernovae (SN IIP) provides important information for constraining the properties of their progenitors. This can, in turn, be compared to pre-explosion imaging constraints and stellar models to develop a more complete picture of how massive stars evolve and end their lives. Using the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC), we model the first 40 days of SNe IIP to better understand what constraints can be derived from their early light curves. We use two sets of red supergiant (RSG) progenitor models with zero-age main sequence masses in the range between

and

. We find that the early properties of the light curve depend most sensitively on the radius of the progenitor, and thus provide a relation between the g-band rise time and the radius at the time of explosion. This relation will be useful for deriving constraints on progenitors from future observations, especially in cases where detailed modeling of the entire rise is not practical. When comparing to observed rise times, the radii we find are a factor of a few larger than previous semi-analytic derivations and are generally in better agreement with what is found with current stellar evolution calculations as well as direct observations of RSGs.
RADIOACTIVITY AND THERMALIZATION IN THE EJECTA OF COMPACT OBJECT MERGERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON KILONOVA LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Barnes Jennifer , Kasen Daniel , Wu Meng-Ru , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel
Published: September 2016

One promising electromagnetic signature of compact object mergers are kilonovae: approximately isotropic radioactively powered transients that peak days to weeks post-merger. Key uncertainties in kilonova modeling include the emission profiles of the radioactive decay products—non-thermal

-particles,

-particles, fission fragments, and

-rays—and the efficiency with which their kinetic energy is absorbed by the ejecta. The radioactive energy emitted, along with its thermalization efficiency, sets the luminosity budget and is therefore crucial for predicting kilonova light curves. We outline uncertainties in the radioactivity, describe the processes by which the decay products transfer energy to the ejecta, and calculate time-dependent thermalization efficiencies for each particle type. We determine the net thermalization efficiency and explore its dependence on r-process yields—in particular, the production of

-decaying translead nuclei—and on ejecta mass, velocity, and magnetic fields. We incorporate our results into detailed radiation transport simulations, and calculate updated kilonova light curve predictions. Thermalization effects reduce kilonova luminosities by a factor of roughly 2 at peak, and by an order of magnitude at later times (15 days or more after explosion). We present analytic fits to time-dependent thermalization efficiencies, which can be used to improve light curve models. We revisit the putative kilonova that accompanied gamma-ray burst 130603B, and estimate the mass ejected in that event. We find later time kilonova light curves can be significantly impacted by

-decay from translead isotopes; data at these times may therefore be diagnostic of ejecta abundances.
SELF-SUSTAINED RECYCLING IN THE INNER DUST RING OF PRE-TRANSITIONAL DISKS
Authors: Husmann T. , Loesche C. , Wurm G.
Published: September 2016

Observations of pre-transitional disks show a narrow inner dust ring and a larger outer one. They are separated by a cavity with no or only little dust. We propose an efficient recycling mechanism for the inner dust ring which keeps it in a steady state. No major particle sources are needed for replenishment. Dust particles and pebbles drift outwards by radiation pressure and photophoresis. The pebbles grow during outward drift until they reach a balanced position where residual gravity compensates photophoresis. While still growing larger they reverse their motion and drift inward. Eventually, their speed is fast enough for them to be destroyed in collisions with other pebbles and drift outward again. We quantify the force balance and drift velocities for the disks LkCa15 and HD 135344B. We simulate single-particle evolution and show that this scenario is viable. Growth and drift timescales are on the same order and a steady state can be established in the inner dust ring.
A PERTURBATIVE ANALYSIS OF SYNCHROTRON SPECTRAL INDEX VARIATION OVER THE MICROWAVE SKY
Authors: Saha Rajib , Aluri Pavan K.
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we implement a perturbative approach, first proposed by Bouchet & Gispert, to estimate the variation of the spectral index of galactic polarized synchrotron emission, using a linear combination of simulated Stokes Q polarization maps of selected frequency bands from WMAP and Planck observations on a region of sky dominated by the synchrotron Stokes Q signal. We find that a first order perturbative analysis recovers the input spectral index map well. Along with the spectral index variation map, our method provides a fixed reference index,

, over the sky portion being analyzed. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we find that 

, which matches very closely with the position of a peak at

 of the empirical probability density function of input synchrotron indices obtained from the same sky region. For thermal dust, the mean recovered spectral index 

 from simulations, matches very well with the spatially fixed input thermal dust spectral index

. As accompanying results of the method, we reconstruct cosmic microwave background, thermal dust, and a synchrotron template components with fixed spectral indices over the entire sky region. We use, in our analysis, full pixel–pixel noise covariance matrices of all frequency bands, estimated from the sky region being analyzed. The perturbative technique of this work (1) can build a model with an arbitrary but sufficient degree of accuracy (and precession) as allowed by the data and (2) can produce maximum likelihood estimators for reference indices and templates asymptotically.
IN SITU FORMATION AND DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF HOT JUPITER SYSTEMS
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Bodenheimer Peter H. , Laughlin Gregory P.
Published: September 2016

Hot Jupiters, giant extrasolar planets with orbital periods shorter than ∼10 days, have long been thought to form at large radial distances, only to subsequently experience long-range inward migration. Here, we offer the contrasting view that a substantial fraction of the hot Jupiter population formed in situ via the core-accretion process. We show that under conditions appropriate to the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, rapid gas accretion can be initiated by super-Earth-type planets, comprising 10–20 Earth masses of refractory material. An in situ formation scenario leads to testable consequences, including the expectation that hot Jupiters should frequently be accompanied by additional low-mass planets with periods shorter than ∼100 days. Our calculations further demonstrate that dynamical interactions during the early stages of planetary systems’ lifetimes should increase the inclinations of such companions, rendering transits rare. High-precision radial velocity monitoring provides the best prospect for their detection.
INFRARED HIGH-RESOLUTION INTEGRATED LIGHT SPECTRAL ANALYSES OF M31 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS FROM APOGEE
Authors: Sakari Charli M. , Shetrone Matthew D. , Schiavon Ricardo P. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Prieto Carlos Allende , Beers Timothy C. , Caldwell Nelson , García-Hernández Domingo Aníbal , Lucatello Sara , Majewski Steven , O’Connell Robert W. , Pan Kaike , Strader Jay
Published: September 2016

Chemical abundances are presented for 25 M31 globular clusters (GCs), based on moderately high resolution (R = 22,500) H-band integrated light (IL) spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). Infrared (IR) spectra offer lines from new elements, lines of different strengths, and lines at higher excitation potentials compared to the optical. Integrated abundances of C, N, and O are derived from CO, CN, and OH molecular features, while Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, and Ti abundances are derived from atomic features. These abundances are compared to previous results from the optical, demonstrating the validity and value of IR IL analyses. The CNO abundances are consistent with typical tip of the red giant branch stellar abundances but are systematically offset from optical Lick index abundances. With a few exceptions, the other abundances agree between the optical and the IR within the 1σ uncertainties. The first integrated K abundances are also presented and demonstrate that K tracks the α elements. The combination of IR and optical abundances allows better determinations of GC properties and enables probes of the multiple populations in extragalactic GCs. In particular, the integrated effects of the Na/O anticorrelation can be directly examined for the first time.
ON SOLAR WIND ORIGIN AND ACCELERATION: MEASUREMENTS FROM ACE
Authors: Stakhiv Mark , Lepri Susan T. , Landi Enrico , Tracy Patrick , Zurbuchen Thomas H.
Published: September 2016

The origin and acceleration of the solar wind are still debated. In this paper, we search for signatures of the source region and acceleration mechanism of the solar wind in the plasma properties measured in situ by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft. Using the elemental abundances as a proxy for the source region and the differential velocity and ion temperature ratios as a proxy for the acceleration mechanism, we are able to identify signatures pointing toward possible source regions and acceleration mechanisms. We find that the fast solar wind in the ecliptic plane is the same as that observed from the polar regions and is consistent with wave acceleration and coronal-hole origin. We also find that the slow wind is composed of two components: one similar to the fast solar wind (with slower velocity) and the other likely originating from closed magnetic loops. Both components of the slow solar wind show signatures of wave acceleration. From these findings, we draw a scenario that envisions two types of wind, with different source regions and release mechanisms, but the same wave acceleration mechanism.
KNOWN PULSARS IDENTIFIED IN THE GMRT 150 MHz ALL-SKY SURVEY
Authors: Frail D. A. , Jagannathan P. , Mooley K. P. , Intema H. T.
Published: September 2016

We have used the 150 MHz radio continuum survey (TGSS ADR) from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) to search for phase-averaged emission toward all well-localized radio pulsars north of −53° decl. We detect emission toward 200 pulsars with high confidence (

) and another 88 pulsars at fainter levels. We show that most of our identifications are likely from pulsars, except for a small number where the measured flux density is confused by an associated supernova or pulsar-wind nebula, or a globular cluster. We investigate the radio properties of the 150 MHz sample and find an unusually high number of gamma-ray binary millisecond pulsars with very steep spectral indices. We also note a discrepancy in the measured flux densities between GMRT and LOFAR pulsar samples, suggesting that the flux density scale for the LOFAR pulsar sample may be in error by approximately a factor of two. We carry out a separate search of 30 well-localized gamma-ray, radio-quiet pulsars in an effort to detect a widening of the radio beam into the line of sight at lower frequencies. No steep-spectrum emission was detected either toward individual pulsars or in a weighted stack of all 30 images.
AN ACCRETION-JET MODEL FOR M87: INTERPRETING THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND FARADAY ROTATION MEASURE
Authors: Feng Jianchao , Wu Qingwen , Lu Ru-Sen
Published: September 2016

M87 is arguably the best supermassive black hole (BH) to explore jet and/or accretion physics, due to its proximity and fruitful high-resolution multi-waveband observations. We model the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) of the M87 core that observed at a scale of 0.4 arcsec (∼105
R
g, R
g is gravitational radius), as recently presented by Prieto et al. Similar to Sgr A*, we find that the millimeter bump as observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array can be modeled by the synchrotron emission of the thermal electrons in an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF), while the low-frequency radio emission and X-ray emission may predominantly come from the jet. The millimeter radiation from ADAF predominantly comes from the region within 10R
g, which is roughly consistent with the recent very long baseline interferometry observations at 230 GHz. We further calculate the Faraday rotation measure (RM) from both ADAF and jet models, and find that the RM predicted from the ADAF is roughly consistent with the measured value, while the RM predicted from the jet is much higher if jet velocity close to the BH is low or moderate (e.g., v
jet ≲ 0.6 c). With the constraints from the SED modeling and RM, we find that the accretion rate close to the BH horizon is

(

is Bondi accretion rate), where the electron density profile, n
e ∝ r
∼−1, in the accretion flow, is consistent with that determined from X-ray observation inside the Bondi radius and recent numerical simulations.
The microRNA-let-7b-mediated attenuated strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus in a mouse model
Authors: Tan Mingming , Sun Wenkui , Feng Chunlai , Xia Di , Shen Xiaoyue , Ding Yuan , Liu Zhicheng , Xing Zheng , Su Xin , Shi Yi
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Evaluating the attenuation of influenza viruses in animal studies is important in developing safe and effective vaccines. This study aimed to demonstrate that the microRNA (miRNA)-let-7b-mediated attenuated influenza viruses (miRT-H1N1) are sufficiently attenuated and safe in mice. Methodology: The pathogenicity of the miRT-H1N1virus was investigated in a mouse model, evaluated with median lethal dose (LD50). The replicative dynamics of the miRT-H1N1, wild type (wt)-H1N1, and scramble (scbl)-H1N1 viruses in the lungs of infected mice were compared. The degrees of lesions and the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-β in the lungs of mice infected with different viruses were also analyzed. Results: In miRT-H1N1 virus-infected mice, 100% of mice survived, and a lower pathogenicity was characterized with non-significant weight loss when compared to mice infected with the control wt virus. The miRT-H1N1 virus was not fatal for mice, even at the highest dose administered. The viral load in the lungs of miRT-H1N1-infected mice was significantly lower than that of the wild-type virus-infected mice. Fewer pulmonary lesions and lower levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of the mice infected with the miRT-H1N1 virus were also observed. The virulence of the miRT-H1N1 virus reduced significantly, suggesting that the miRT-H1N1 virus was safe for mice. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the miRNA-mediated gene silencing is an alternative approach to attenuating the pathogenicity of wt influenza viruses that have potential in the development of influenza vaccines.
Nosocomial coagulase-negative staphylococci in Belgrade: between Scylla and Charybdis
Authors: Protic Dragana , Savic Dragana , Andjelkovic Dragana , Djukanovic Nina , Zdravkovic Marija , Djurasevic Sinisa F , Todorovic Zoran
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasingly resistant nosocomial pathogens. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of CoNS isolates in clinical settings, the evolution of antimicrobial resistance of CoNS, and antibiotic consumption in a hospital. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a tertiary healthcare facility over 17 months. Identification of isolated cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2 system. Of 1,217 isolates, 209 were obtained from 193 patients who had symptoms of nosocomial infections. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Antibiotic consumption in the hospital is expressed in defined daily doses/100 patient days. Results: Sixty-one percent of patients were admitted to the internal medicine ward, while others were admitted to the surgical ward. Forty-four percent of Gram-positive isolates were from wound swabs, and 26% were from blood. The predominant Gram-positive bacteria were CoNS. Antibiotic resistance of CoNS was highest against beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, and tetracyclines. Tigecycline, linezolid, and vancomycin produced the highest activities against CoNS in in vitro conditions, and consumption of linezolid and tigecycline increased in the same period. Conclusion: There are just a few remaining therapeutic options for the treatment of CoNS according to our results; vancomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline might be considered as first-choice antibiotics, but such a hypothesis should be supported with a pharmacoeconomic analysis. Unfortunately, novel antimicrobial agents are still unavailable and/or too expensive in developing countries. However, inappropriate use of those antibiotics may lead to the rapid development of resistant strains in the near future.
Prevalence and multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli from community-acquired infections in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adenipekun Eyitayo O , Jackson Charlene R. , Ramadan Hazem , Iwalokun Bamidele A , Oyedeji Kolawole S , Frye Jonathan G , Barrett John B , Hiott Lari M , Woodley Tiffanie A , Oluwadun Afolabi
Published: September 2016

Introduction: The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥ 2 more antimicrobials) in Escherichia coli is of concern due to complications encountered in treatment. Methodology: In this study, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of MDR community isolates of E. coli from Lagos, Nigeria were determined. Urine and stool samples were obtained from outpatients attending Lagos State hospitals and from animal handlers in abattoirs, poultries, and open markets, from December 2012 to July 2013. Results: Approximately 50% of urine (200/394) and 88% of stool samples (120/136) were positive for E. coli. Based upon β-lactamase production, a subset of those isolates was selected for further study. Of the 22 antimicrobials tested, E. coli exhibited resistance to all antimicrobials except amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The highest levels of resistance were to tetracycline (182/247; 73.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (152/247; 61.5%), and ampicillin (147/247; 59.1%). Resistance to the cephalosporins ranged from 1.6%–15% including the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, cefpodoxime (20/247; 8.1%) and cefepime (4/247; 1.6%), respectively. MDR was observed in 69.6% (172/247) of the isolates. Forty-eight E. coli resistant to at least five antimicrobials were selected for further analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; seven distinct clusters were observed among the diverse patterns. Of the 48 MDR E. coli, 30 different sequence types (ST) were detected using multilocus sequence typing, including four ST131. Conclusions: This study demonstrated circulating MDR E. coli in the Nigerian community. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries is necessary to optimize empiric treatment and the prudent use of antimicrobials.
Les aménagements paradoxaux de la subjectivité dans la clinique de la criminalité
Authors: Ravit Magali
Published: September 2016

C’est à partir des enjeux transféro-contretransférentiels de la rencontre avec des patients violents et/ou criminels incarcérés que l’auteur propose d’interroger les particularités et les formes d’expressions identitaires de la clinique des sujets criminels. Dans cette perspective, il est question de rassembler sous forme de trois propositions métapsychologiques les particularités de l’expérience psychique dont il est question dans les agirs violents : 1) Sur le plan topique la clinique des agirs violents (compulsifs) se manifeste par la permutation des espaces internes/externes et par la transposition du psychique au somatique de l’expérience subjective. 2) Le passage à l’acte criminel est une scène de construction « auto-subjective » à travers laquelle le sujet tente d’organiser une expérience réflexive attachée à un vécu de mort imminente non anticipable. 3) Le champ visuel représente pour ces patients une aire de cicatrisation de la position subjective écrasée par traumatisme en même temps que le visuel est investi pour la fonction réflexive qu’il est censé restaurer, du dehors, c’est-à-dire à la périphérie. L’aire visuelle servirait ainsi d’écran identitaire de suppléance à une réflexivité inopérante.
Ermitages et ermites de jardin
Authors: Lefay Sophie
Published: September 2016

Les jardins pittoresques, dont la vogue gagne la France dans les années 1770, se définissent comme des espaces de solitude et multiplient les marques de la retraite : ils se font refuges, asiles, se dérobent aux regards indiscrets ou se couvrent d’ermitages. Mieux encore, ils accueillent souvent des personnages emblématiques, ermites occasionnels ou permanents, dont la présence incongrue et parfois peu vraisemblable constitue l’un des modes les plus remarquables de cette affirmation de marginalité sociale. Comment néanmoins expliquer tous ces ermites, dont l’existence semble n’entretenir aucun rapport avec quelque forme d’érémitisme bien réel que ce soit ? S’ils prennent en charge l’expression d’un idéal moral et esthétique, cet article montre qu’ils ont surtout une valeur décorative, parfois comique, par laquelle la retraite se défait de toute signification religieuse ou spirituelle.
Mise en scène et mise en page : enjeux de l’écriture didascalique dans les tragédies de Voltaire
Authors: Mangeant Justine
Published: September 2016

L’article s’intéresse aux « notes didascaliques » qui, prenant le relai des didascalies traditionnelles dans certaines tragédies de Voltaire, ont plusieurs fonctions : décrire des jeux de scène, expliciter les enjeux d’un échange ou encore guider l’interprétation des acteurs. Qu’elles soient imprimées (dans le cas de Tancrède et d’ Olympie ) ou qu’elles demeurent manuscrites (pour Brutus et Irène ), ces indications contiennent de précieuses informations quant à la dramaturgie voltairienne qui repose sur la mise en œuvre d’effets visuels et pathétiques.
Pour une mesure au plus près des enfants : l’aide éducative à domicile
Authors: Coudert Marie-Claude
Published: September 2016

Le travail éducatif dans une mesure éducative à domicile est particulier à plusieurs niveaux. Il a une visée préventive et il doit répondre aux besoins des familles sur des problèmes éducatifs, tout en ayant une préoccupation en matière de danger pour l’enfant. Cet accordage est compliqué à mettre en œuvre. Le projet pour l’enfant permet de formaliser la nature de l’intervention. Toutefois, chaque situation oblige à prendre en compte le contexte dans lequel évoluent le jeune et sa famille.
Les mots de la guerre : mémoire du conflit yougoslave et résilience
Authors: Djordjevic Léonard Ksenija
Published: September 2016

Nous proposons de traiter ici de la guerre vécue, ressentie et racontée par les femmes, à partir d’un corpus constitué de lettres et de témoignages intimes de femmes ayant traversé les conflits de l’ex-Yougoslavie (1990-1999). Nous proposons d’analyser ces matériaux en linguiste, du point de vue de la pragmatique, en tenant compte du contexte social de leur production, afin d’y observer des séries et des combinatoires de formes linguistiques de l’expression des sentiments et des émotions.
La relation maître-élève : entre dette et filiation. Approche psychanalytique de la parole enseignante en éducation
Authors: de Lajonquière Leandro
Published: September 2016

Ce texte propose une façon particulière de faire de la recherche psychanalytique dans le champ des sciences de l’éducation. Notre démarche méthodologique est qualifiée de psychanalyse dans l’éducation par opposition à l’expression classique « application de la psychanalyse ». Elle reprend à sa manière une question déjà connue : la façon dont un enseignant s’adresse à ses élèves est-elle une autre variable conséquente dans l’apprentissage de ces derniers ? Pour cela, nous commencerons par nous appuyer sur deux témoignages d’adultes se souvenant de leur vie d’écolier. L’un d’entre eux nous vient de Sigmund Freud dans un discours de commémoration du cinquantenaire de son lycée de Vienne, et l’autre est d’Albert Camus dans une lettre adressée à son ancien maître à Alger lorsqu’il reçut le Prix Nobel. Tous deux reviennent sur l’influence que la parole de leur maître a eue sur l’apprentissage scolaire et dans la formation intellectuelle de chacun. L’idée est que la parole-enseignante est à l’origine de l’acte éducatif dans la mesure où elle instaure une filiation entre maître et élève qui prend la forme d’une transmission psychique de la dette symbolique.
Action-réaction : le terrorisme et l’état
Authors: Marret Jean-Luc
Published: September 2016

Le terrorisme et l’État entretiennent une relation inévitable, du trauma de l’attentat aux réponses sécuritaires ou sociétales qu’il engendre, spécialement dans les démocraties. Une séquence spécifique (la couverture médiatique en direct, la poursuite des terroristes, leur arrestation et les conséquences qui suivent) a plusieurs effets : l’agenda politique ou les doctrines opérationnelles de sécurité peuvent être révisés, le pouvoir exécutif tend souvent à dramatiser pour mobiliser et, finalement, de nouveaux instruments de politique publique peuvent apparaître – par exemple, la prévention de la radicalisation.
L’ ego image de Dieu ou du cogito suivant la volonté
Authors: Arbib Dan
Published: September 2016

Après un repérage des occurrences du topos de l’Imago Dei dans le corpus cartésien (§ 1), nous proposons l’hypothèse que la mobilisation du motif de l’Imago Dei, à la fin de la Meditatio III, se trouve éclairée par son élaboration à la fin de la Meditatio IV, en sorte qu’il y ait là un exercice d’auto-exégèse au cœur des Meditationes (§ 2). L’interprétation cartésienne du topos de l’Imago Dei repose sur le primat de la volonté, qui doit donc être repéré dans la Meditatio III (§ 3). Ce primat impose que le cogito, fondamentalement indéterminé (§ 4), puisse se performer sur le mode de la volonté (§ 5).
El pilar del cielo. Aproximación al estudio de la imagen del Extremo Occidente en las fuentes grecorromanas a través de la figura mítica de Atlas
Authors: Fernández Camacho Pamina
Published: September 2016

Atlas es una figura mítica de gran complejidad. Titán rebelde en la épica, adopta la función de antagonista y, a la vez, de ayudante de Heracles en su tarea de robar las manzanas de las Hespérides. Los filósofos, geógrafos e historiadores lo consideran un astrónomo evemerizado, un rey de fabulosas riquezas, o bien lo identifican con una montaña. Frecuentemente a caballo entre la positividad y la negatividad, los distintos avatares de Atlas se relacionan con temas tan variopintos como genealogías divinas, hitos espaciales y cosmográficos, abundancia de rebaños, resonancias orientales y mitos de suplantación, que forman parte de la imagen de las tierras situadas al norte y al sur del Estrecho de Gibraltar creada y difundida por la civilización grecorromana. En este artículo proponemos un estudio de la literatura y la iconografía ligadas a este personaje como forma de dar una perspectiva nueva a la investigación de la geografía mítica y literaria de la zona.