bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viabilidade econômica da produção de eucalipto no interior de São Paulo
Authors: Janoselli Helder Roberto Dota , Harbs Ricardo , Mendes Fernanda Latanze
Published: September 2016

Com a projeção de crescimento da demanda por madeira para as próximas décadas, a produção de eucalipto tem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos e sendo responsável por mais de 70% da área de árvores plantas no Brasil. Os pequenos produtores rurais vêm aumentando sua participação na produção. A busca por alternativa de investimento que gere lucro e demande pouca estrutura e mão de obra, especialmente para os pequenos produtores rurais, motivou o presente trabalho. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da cultura de eucalipto na cidade de São João da Boa Vista, interior de São Paulo. Para isso, foi elaborado fluxo de caixa para um período de 14 anos, calculados os indicadores de Valor Presente Líquido [VPL], Taxa Interna de Retorno [TIR], payback e realizada análise de sensibilidade.  Os indicadores econômicos demonstram que a instalação da cultura do eucalipto, conforme proposto, com destoca e custo de oportunidade da terra, mostrou-se inviável, não gerando lucro para o investidor. Com um VPL negativo de R$ 40.808,70, TIR em 3,41% e o tempo de retorno para o capital investido pelo payback simples em 7,82 anos e payback descontado em 8 anos. O mesmo projeto com uma forma de manejo diferente, não realizando a destoca, com a possibilidade de novo plantio de eucalipto, passa a ser viável, com um VPL positivo de R$ 6.802,85, TIR em 4,55% e o tempo de retorno para o capital investido pelo payback simples em 7,82 anos e payback descontado em 8 anos.
Diagnóstico do perfil do usuário de Drones no Agronegócio Brasileiro
Authors: Artioli Felipe , Beloni Tatiane
Published: September 2016

O aumento populacional e a crescente demanda por alimentos ao redor do mundo, exigirão que os países aumentem a produção agrícola de suas culturas com a elevação dos índices de produtividade em detrimento a uma diminuição da área geográfica por habitante. O presente trabalho analisou o uso dos drones (do inglês "zangão") ou também conhecido como Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado [VANT], como uma alternativa tecnológica na Agricultura de Precisão que auxilie o agricultor, os administradores e/ou agrônomos a tomar decisões mais assertivas dentro de sua propriedade. Para tanto, este estudo aplicou questionários em diferentes estados brasileiros à profissionais ligados ao agronegócio, que de maneira geral permitiu constatar que existe uma carência de informações a respeito do uso desta tecnologia, como por exemplo quais são os reais benefícios do uso deste produto, as dificuldades de operacionalizar o equipamento, as regulamentações da Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil [ANAC] e por fim os custos de aquisição do drone. Assim, nota-se que existe um nicho de mercado a ser explorado, devido a uma crescente demanda por este tipo de produto, porém com alguns pontos que devem ser aprimorados para o êxito do uso desta nova tecnologia, como melhor divulgação das empresas que atuam neste segmento, consultoria e cursos aos agricultores e assistência técnica nos principais polos do agronegócio brasileiro.
ECONOMIC AND INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM OF MONITORING THE PRODUCTION RESOURCES OF THE NEW GENERATION
Authors: Silka Dmitriy Nikolaevich
Published: September 2016

Monitoring of production resources is a large-scale and complicated measure, the results of which are necessary for the state and for private entrepreneurs. There are many approaches to conducting such a monitoring, which firstly base on the information request from the suppliers of the resources by governmental bodies. The authors offer a new approach to data collection, which takes into account the technical achievements of the Russian economy. The main instrument of this approach is geoinformation technologies.
Definição estratégica para uma empresa de pequeno porte ramo agrícola
Authors: Cardoso Gabriela Lange , Watanabe Melissa , Gianezini Miguelangelo
Published: September 2016

This study is characterized by analyzing the strategic management of a small business in the agricultural industry. The work was given to study strategic management of a company feed large animals. Based on a theoretical framework, regarding the agribusiness production chain of beef and strategic planning. The research methodology is characterized as descriptive, exploratory, and the data analyzed were collected in September 2013. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews with company managers. The tendency of each manager observes and makes decisions regarding the internal and external environment of the organization. With the results obtained in the study were able to identify the perception of managers related to the importance of seeking and make a formalized strategic management for good performance and the sustainability of the company under study.
Leucemia viral felina: revisão
Authors: Alves Maria Cecília Rodrigues , Conti Laura Monteiro de Castro , Andrade Júnior Paulo Sérgio Cruz de , Donatele Dirlei Molinari
Published: September 2016

The feline leukemia virus is a disease that affects cats all over the world. The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is transmitted via the saliva, by milk, transplacental via, or through blood transfusions. The FeLV cannot survive in the environment and can be easily eliminated through the use of common disinfectants. Once infected, feline can develop many clinical signs, which may be unspecific as lethargy and anorexia or more specific as leukemias. The virus can still develop animal immunosuppression, leaving it vulnerable to other diseases. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to cat’s better quality of life. In addition, the diagnosis of infected cats is crucial to avoid transmission to an uninfected cat. There are vaccines against FeLV available in the market; however it’s unknown the duration of immunity provided by them. Due to this disease importance in feline internal medicine, this study aims to present a literature review of feline leukemia virus, with his transmission way, treatment, epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention.
Lipoproteínas de répteis: estrutura, metabolismo e aspectos comparativos
Authors: Araújo Jamile da Costa , Pereira Raquel Tatiane , Palha Maria das Dores Correia , Vieira e Rosa Priscila
Published: September 2016

Lipoproteins are spherical macromolecular complexes of lipids and specific proteins (apoproteins), the main ones being: chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). They differ in the lipid and protein composition, size and density. The separation of the same can be done through ultracentrifugation, where the density is used as a separation parameter, or by electrophoresis on agarose gel electrophoresis using the property as a parameter, in: α-lipoprotein (HDL), pre-β-lipoprotein (VLDL) and β-lipoprotein (LDL). In this review we aimed to address the importance of metabolism of  lipoproteins in reptiles and how it occurs, and its peculiarities in different groups of animals that are part of this class. The characteristics of the lipoproteins in reptiles vary in accordance with the order and animal species, but in all species there is a similarity with human lipoproteins, including the presence of several human homologues of apoproteins. However, the information on this molecular complex is scarce, when we consider the great diversity of the class Reptilia, thus requiring further studies, especially with reptiles subjected to food offered by humans, like animals in a productive purpose and housed in zoos. Recalling that disturbances in lipid metabolism may also occur, resulting in various diseases, such as obesity, and consequently reducing the productive and reproductive performance.
Resistência antimicrobiana de Pseudomonas aeruginosa em água mineral
Authors: Prado Resende Renata , Freitas Eduardo Almeida , Valadares Júnior Edson Campos , Costa Priscila Cristina , Siqueira Mariana Cristina , Rossi Daise Aparecida
Published: September 2016

Mineral water is a product that deserves attention for recognition of their quality, however mineral waters are not sterile and microorganisms present of its own , indigenous , existing prior to any treatment or processing. Bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Micrococus, and Bacillus are considered. These microorganisms, particularly the genus Pseudomonas , after industrial bottling process multiply rapidly , causing changes in the quality mineral water and triggering gastrointestinal disorders. The treatment against P. aeruginosa requires the combination of several classes of antibiotics, including beta- lactams third and fourth generation agents , aminoglycosides , and quinolones carbepenemas , among others . Because bacteria are able to develop resistance to antibiotics through various mechanisms, such as modification of the permeability system, production of beta - lactamases , transfer of R factors by conjugation or overexpression of efflux.
Parâmetros nutricionais em bovinos de corte: Revisão sobre consumo, digestibilidade e conversão alimentar
Authors: Teste Teste
Published: September 2016

This work was developed with the objective of reviewing the literature which are the main factors affecting the characteristics feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and food and feed efficiency of beef cattle in the tropics. These characteristics were chosen for study because they are extremely important for achieving good performance in weight gain. Livestock Brazilian cut is an activity characterized by grass production, allowing great variation in these characteristics among herds and regions. Thus, it is necessary to understand them to influence them to allow a more rapid body grow than getting more precocious animals, which provide greater profitability in the beef production chain.
Fístula infra-orbitária em cadela: Relato de caso
Authors: Ribeiro Iuliana Marjory Martins , Carvalho Ciro José Sousa de , Canuto Jacqueline
Published: September 2016

Among oral diseases that can affect dogs, can highlight the infraorbital fistula, also called "fistula Butcher", consisting of a periapical osteolytic lesions (osteolysis caused by inflammation resulting from pulp necrosis and bacterial contamination of the root canal) generally the tooth. On examination of the animal found the presence of infraorbital fistula. As a treatment technique for extraction associated with the administration of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs in pre-and postoperatively was performed.
Influência do ambiente na criação de codornas de corte: Revisão
Authors: Bonfim Dihego S. , Melo Solange de Araújo
Published: September 2016

The objective of this article to review the influence that environment plays in creating quail. The animal welfare has occupied a prominent place in farms since stress situations lead to a physiological state that is characterized as undesirable. The temperature and microclimate in the authoring system can be considered as physical factors having the greatest effect on the growth of quails, influencing directly on the feed use. Thermally stressed animals cannot efficiently take advantage of the nutrients provided by the diet, decreasing feed intake. To evaluate the thermal environment in which the animals are exposed, we use the Temperature Index Black Globe Humidity. Indexes vary in temperature and humidity caused by environmental conditions, reflect the change in the average surface temperature by modifying the physiological response of the animal. The vent temperature of the bird can also be an interpreted to identify conditions of comfort or thermal stress measurement representing the temperature of the body core. During heat stress, physiological, hormonal and molecular adjustments occur, causing modifications in function and structure of cells.
Perigos do consumo monótono de sementes pelas aves: Revisão
Authors: Nahum Mariana Jungers Calderaro , Faccioni André Luiz de Oliveira , Silva Bruna Cristina Perticarrari da , Bueno Edson Ronaldo , Pita Maria Carolina Gonçalves
Published: September 2016

The most of the birds raised in captivity like a pets, are granivorous, and they feeding with grain or seeds. The nutritional needs of many of these birds are not defined by the difficulty of identifying all food consumed by them in nature and in better proportions, but there are already balanced rations for the species most created, however, most of these animals are fed as seeds due to difficulty in adapting the bird to feed and owner to accept change, which causes various nutritional diseases, especially when the consumption is only one type of seed, because the seeds are absent or has low concentrations of vitamins A, D3 and B complex, many minerals deficiency, low ratio of calcium and phosphorus, besides it has a high concentrations of lipids. Also, by the time, the seeds lost many of their nutrients through peroxidation. Major related monotonous consumption of seed diseases are deficiencies of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin B complex, biotin, calcium, osteodystrophy, nutritional skin diseases, obesity, hepatic lipidosis, foot pad lesions and mycotoxicosis. We conclude that further studies are necessary to support the nutritional needs of each species and to raise awareness of the population about the benefits of using these diets as well as the risks of feeding birds with only one kind of seed.
Inclusão de aparas (corte em V) do filé de tilápia defumadas no processamento de hambúrgueres de carne bovina
Authors: Saccomani Ana Paula de Oliveira , Cerquetani Daniel de Almeida , Pizzolante Carla Cachoni , Moraes José Evandro , Vieira Vivian Izabel , Souza Maria Luiza Rodrigues Franco
Published: September 2016

The objective of the research shavings get in "V" removed at the time of tilapia, which were immersed in brine, drained and dried, smoked, pounded, shaped and included levels 0, 5, 10 and 15% in processing beef hamburgers. It is the effect of inclusion on the proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus and iron) and sensory analysis (flavor, color, texture, appearance, salt content and general acceptance).  The data obtained were submitted to the ANOVA, by utilizing the Sisvar program and statistical tests for the linear regression at the level of 10% of probability. It follows that the best centesimal composition centesimal was obtained with the level of 10% when compared with the other treatments. The burgers with shavings smoked had higher levels of calcium and phosphorus compared to shavings without fillet, higher value added observed when 10% smoked shavings. There were significant differences for all sensory parameters evaluated. Being considered the best inclusion level of the shavings in burgers is 10 due to its acceptability. The shavings are considered a good alternative to the use of waste from tilapia filleting.processing.
Conservação de alimentos para bovinos com redução de impactos ambientais na mesorregião sul do Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Chagas Bergson Braga , Braga Geovania Maria da Silva , Soares Zilmar Timóteo
Published: September 2016

The silage, or even the recently and preserving food is practiced due to the occurrence of climatic diversity, in which carries the visible manifestation of fall in rural production, mainly of cattle in extensive system, in the growth phase, when there is a prolonged dry period. The use of silage becomes convenient and many breeders depend on silage practice, because using this valid and effective technique, the income achieved brings advantageous in creating profits. When it comes to informational factors, research guidance to farmers in need of information about green matter silage, aiming at greater productivity about promoting better performance in double cattle fitness, being at the stage of fattening, recreates the most important moment of the cattle industry, without environmental impact. The ideal development of research in the field, as an extensive work that proposes this project would be to inform and direct rural producers in southern Maranhão, the advantage of diffusion of information disclosure through techniques geared to rural communities like transmission and spread of silage without environmental momentum. Were selected 17 rural properties from Maranhão South mesoregion, for guidance to ranchers on silage of green matter. The expected results were of great value, as the inform and direct to farmers of the diffusion of information through techniques geared to rural communities, such as transmission and spread of silage without haste. All producers met in the project corresponded to the silage technique application in the region.
Metabolismo do cobre na nutrição animal: Revisão
Authors: Díaz Tatiana García , Teodoro Ana Lúcia , Rojas Ivan Camilo Ospina , Chitiva Andrés Felipe Pachón , Guzman Jairo Andrés Pardo
Published: September 2016

Copper is an essential trace element for all living organisms. Their biological, functional and structural importance is related to the metabolic functions of cupro-dependent enzymes such as, cytochrome C oxidase, lysyl oxidase, superoxide dismutase, among others, which catalyze important physiological reactions related to breathing biosynthesis melanin metabolism of dopamine, iron homeostasis and antioxidant defense. To be involved in the oxidation mechanism, deficiency of copper produces disorders in oxidative metabolism, causing anemia, reducing resistance to infection, reproductive disorders and nervous disorders. On the other hand, excess copper may cause hepatic necrosis and hemolytic crisis. For these reasons, we must consider the requirements of the mineral for each animal depending on the physiological stage and productive level, since this mineral deficiencies or excesses can cause diseases that represent production loss and the reduced welfare. The scope of this review was to address to the most important aspects of copper metabolism, as well as main diseases associated with excess or deficiency of this mineral in the diet of livestock.
Alterações hematológicas em cadelas acometidas por tumores mamários
Authors: Eduardo Garrido  , Castanheira Thaís Larissa Lourenço , Vasconcelos Rosemeri de Oliveira , Machado Rosângela Zacarias , Alessi Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2016

This work aimed to evaluate changes in the pattern of the blood count and biochemical metabolites, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine, in the blood of dogs affected with simple mammary carcinomas with and without metastasis. This study indicates that dogs affected with simple mammary carcinomas show haematological changes milder than those found in humans. Dogs affected with simple carcinomas have fewer red blood cells and increased number of neutrophils that dogs in the control group. The presence of lymphopenia suggests relation with the malignancy of tumors, as the lymphocytes are reduced in the more aggressive tumors.
Ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e ácido linoléico conjugado na carne suína. Benefícios para a saúde humana: Revisão
Authors: Peñuela Sierra Lina , Castañeda-Serrano Roman David , Sanmiguel R. A.
Published: September 2016

The incorporation of fatty acids polyunsaturated PUFAs and conjugated linoleic acid CLA in pig diets is a new practice developed from research which looked at the benefits that these substances provide for human health, with the aim of improving the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated, nutritionists has focused on the type of PUFA and the balance between dietary n-3 PUFA formed linolenic acid (18: 3) and n-6 PUFA linoleic acid formed (18: 2). The ratio of PUFA n-6: n-3 is also a risk factor for cancer and heart disease, especially the formation of blood clots that lead to heart attack. Another molecule in which one has paid much attention in recent years is conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) this is a collective name that refers to a mixture of conjugated isomers (cis / trans) linoleic acid. The interest of feeding pigs with CLA has increased in the last decade as a result of its potential to increase rate of gain, improved feed conversion, reduced body fat, increased rate of growth of protein and more importantly the benefits that CLA can bring to human health, with proven effects including inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis in animal models, stimulating the immune system, decreasing catabolic effects, decreased atherosclerosis and increased lean tissue growth.
Produtividade de forragem e eficiência de utilização da radiação em pastagens de Mesosetum spp. nos cerrados de Roraima
Authors: Costa Newton de Lucena , Moraes Anibal de , Rodrigues Antônio Neri Azevedo , Magalhães João Avelar
Published: September 2016

The effects of cutting plant age (21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days) on dry matter (DM) yield, and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of Mesosetum spp., during rainy season, were evaluated under natural field conditions in Roraima´s savannas. DM yields, absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth and relative growth rates and leaf area increased consistently with growth stage. The relations between DM yield and AGR with cutting plants age were described by the quadratic regression model. The maximum DM yield, AGR and RUE were estimated at 53.9; 39.5 and 39.3 days of regrowth, respectively. The response of forage yield to incident photosynthetically active radiation was quadratic and maximum value estimated at 443.1 MJ/m2, which corresponded to 205 kg of DM/ha. These data suggest that cutting at 42 to 49 days were optimal for obtain maximum dry matter yields and improved the incident RUE.
Staphylococcus spp.: importantes riscos à saúde pública
Authors: Prado Renata Resende , Freitas Eduardo Almeida , Valadares Júnior Edson Campos , Costa Priscila Cristina , Siqueira Mariana Cristina , Rossi Daise Aparecida
Published: September 2016

Staphylococcus spp. are gram-positive cocci of Microccaceae family, facultative anaerobic, real estate, don’t produce spores and catalase positive with wide distribution. It is one of the most common agents responsible for outbreaks of food poisoning, because they are usually transmitted to food. The poisoning is caused by ingestion of preformed enterotoxin in food contaminated by the bacterium, which can remain viable or not. Demonstrations by these agents can lead to diseases that are caused by the action of these pathogenic microorganisms or their toxina. There are many symptoms that can easily be confused with food poisoning from other microorganisms. Therefore it is necessary a more comprehensive study of the epidemiology and the forms of infection through food.
Análises microbiológicas e fisico-químicas de bebida láctea pasteurizada, Sem adição, comercializada no Distrito Federal.
Authors: Priscila Moura Ferreira  , Couto Emanuel Pereira , Ribeiro Jaqueline , Ferreira Márcia de Aguiar
Published: September 2016

Pasteurized dairy drink is an inexpensive way to use the milk whey. In this study, 20 samples of pasteurized milk drink unflavored sold in Distrito Federal were tested to assess whether they were in accordance with the product  standards, set by RTIQ (IN 16/2005). As there are no standards established by ANVISA for this derivative, the results were evaluated from the existing pasteurized milk and those set out in legislation the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Supplies (Technical Regulation of Identity and Quality of Instruction criteria 16/2005). Microbiological analysis showed that: 30% of samples were with mesophilic aerobic counts higher than permitted; 35% were with total coliform above the established and 5% in disagreement with the counts of fecal coliform; 35% of the samples showed growth of molds and yeasts. According to physico-chemical analysis, 25% of samples were in disagreement on the fat and all samples performed according to the standards for lactose content. The analysis of enzymes showed that all samples were positive to peroxidase and negative to alkaline phosphatase, indicating that a significant number of samples with excessive contamination (60%) can be attributed to post-processing recontamination. Other analyzes were: not greasy solids (average 8.46%); density (average 1.031g/ml); pH (mean 6.92); Dornic acidity (average 16.5oD) and lactose (average 4.98%). From this research, it is observed that there is need to include criteria for the classification of pasteurized dairy drink to the rules  of ANVISA and greater accuracy in processing and industrial processing, aiming at offering an innocuous food for consumers.
Ocorrência de parasitos zoonóticos em fezes de cães de praças públicas do centro da cidade de Manaus, AM
Authors: Souza Fábio Silva de , Lisbôa Raquel Silva , Corrêa Carlos Arivaldo Soares
Published: September 2016

The frequent presence of resident, semi-resident and wandering in the main squares of the city center of Manaus dogs may have an important epidemiological role in the spread of contamination and infections by various genera of parasites in these locations. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of forms of dissemination of parasites with zoonotic importance in dog feces present in public squares. The study was conducted with ten public squares in the city center of Manaus where 135 samples of dog feces were collected, which were processed by the techniques of Willis-Mollay and flotation. The results showed eggs of Ancylostoma sp. in 67.3% of samples, and Trichuris sp. at 9.6% and 3.8% for Toxocara sp. Associations of eggs of different parasites in the same sample were also observed. All squares presented positive samples with parasites of zoonotic potential.
Terapia assistida por animais e seus benefícios
Authors: Maria Teresa Duarte Nogueira  , Nobre Márcia Oliveira
Published: September 2016

The present thesis was based on a theoretical study and aimed to elucidate in the specialized literature; a brief historical of Animal Assisted Therapy, as well as its benefits.It was found that many countries recognize as a scientific therapeutic method, including the agency that regulates programs with animals in the United States that has made official the terminology,as many terms were used generating confusion. In Brazil, it is a theme with very restricted studies. The animal-assisted therapy can be used in programs intended for various types of situations from persons with physical, mental and emotional difficulties. Several authors describe the positive effects for different types of patients undergoing treatment as improved motor, sensory, cognitive ability, communication, improves the immune system, social interaction, learning, interpersonal relationships, among others. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that contact with animals for therapeutic purposes is a valuable tool and can be applied in various age groups and in different types of patients with special needs, providing numerous benefits, but it makes necessary more studies in Brazil for contribution and advancement in the area.
Características dos produtores e propriedades de bubalinos na baixada Maranhense
Authors: Lima Luciana de Paula Costa , Dias Elaine Farias , Viana Diego Carvalho , Santos Amilton Cesar dos , Ferreira Guilherme Augusto Silvestre , Souza Fernando de Andrade , Castillo Leônidas Antônio Chow , Sousa Abisai de Oliveira
Published: September 2016

This research aimed to collect information on characteristicsof producers and farms of buffalo, the municipality of Viana, Maranhão. For this purpose, a questionnaire-interview for approximately 15% of the producers was applied. Then the reported values were quantified. It was found that farmers in this region are mostly male (90%), and 80% own their own land, while 20% are partners with land owners. Approximately 46% has buffalo breeding as an important family income. It is concluded that producers have difficult to extend the activities due to lack of technical guidance. It was found that these deficiencies difficult to promote the development of thebuffalos production in this state.
Hispanics/Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes Have Functional and Symptomatic Pulmonary Impairment Mirroring Kidney Microangiopathy: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Klein Oana L. , Aviles-Santa Larissa , Cai Jianwen , Collard Harold R. , Kanaya Alka M. , Kaplan Robert C. , Kinney Gregory L. , Mendes Eliana , Smith Lewis , Talavera Gregory , Wu Donghong , Daviglus Martha
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with lung dysfunction, but this association has not been explored in Hispanics/Latinos. The relation between diabetic nephropathy and lung function and symptoms has not been explored.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a large, multicenter, observational study, recruited 16,415 participants aged 18–74 years (14,455 with complete data on variables of interest), between 2008 and 2011 from four U.S. communities through a two-stage area household probability design. Baseline measurements were used for analyses. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and dyspnea score were compared between individuals with and without DM, overall, and stratified by albuminuria. The analyses were performed separately for those with and without preexisting lung disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma). Linear regression with sampling weights was used for all analyses.

RESULTS

Among Hispanics/Latinos without lung disease, those with DM had lower mean FEV1 and FVC values and a higher mean dyspnea score than those without DM (mean [95% CI] FEV1 3.00 [2.96–3.04] vs. 3.10 [3.09–3.11] L, P < 0.01; FVC 3.62 [3.59–3.66] vs. 3.81 [3.79–3.83] L, P < 0.001; dyspnea score 0.60 [0.49–0.71] vs. 0.41 [0.34–0.49], P < 0.001). Hispanics/Latinos with DM and macroalbuminuria showed 10% lower FVC (P < 0.001), 6% lower FEV1 (P < 0.001), and 2.5-fold higher dyspnea score (P = 0.04) than those without DM and with normoalbuminuria. Similar findings but with higher impairment in FVC were found in Hispanics/Latinos with lung disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Hispanics/Latinos with DM have functional and symptomatic pulmonary impairment that mirror kidney microangiopathy. The progression of pulmonary impairment in adults with DM needs to be investigated further.
Patterns of lymphadenopathy on fine needle aspiration cytology in eastern Nepal
Authors: Mainali N , Suwal RB
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND: Lymphadenopathy is a commonly encountered clinical problem. Fine needle aspiration cytology offers the alternative of an immediate, preliminary, although not always specific diagnosis with little trauma and cost, thus providing ample information for further management and reduce the amount of open biopsy.MATERIAL AND METHODS:  FNAC was performed using 21 gauge needle attached with 10ml disposable needle. Slides were prepared, two were air dried and stained with field stain where as two were fixed in ethanol and was stained with PAP stain. One slide was stained with Ziehl-Neelson stain. Field and PAP stained slide were reviewed and diagnosed by Pathologist.RESULT: Out of the 225 patients, reactive lymphadenitis was the most common diagnosis (54.2%), followed by tubercular lymphadenitis (33.44%). Among the age group percentage of tubercular lymphadenitis was more in 210-30 years of age.  Majority of the metastatic carcinoma was in cervical region, comprising mainly squamous cell carcinoma.CONCLUSION: Reactive lymphadenitis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy especially in case of children. In case of older population, definite pathology for lymph node enlargement was found in most of the cases. Hence FNAC is warranted in lymphadenopathy, as it is simple yet of great diagnostic value.
Cervical pap smear- A prospective study in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Pudasaini S , Prasad KBR , Rauniyar SK , Pathak R , Pande K , Koirala S , Kafle S
Published: September 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide and most common gynaecological cancer in developing countries. Papanicolaou smear is a simple and cost effective screening test for cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate and interpret the cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The interpretation and reporting of the pap smear is based on 2001Bethesda system.Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital, Nepal Medical College over a period of two and a half years (January 2013 to June 2015). All cervical pap smears received in the department of Pathology in the study period were included.Results: A total of 4160 cervical pap smears were reported in the study period. Majority of the cases were Negative for Intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (87.9%). Bacterial vaginosis, atrophy and reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation were seen in 5.3%, 2.4% and 1.5% cases respectively.   Epithelial cell abnormalities (0.5%) include Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and High grade intraepithelial lesion. 88% of Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was seen in reproductive age group (20-45 years).Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap smear is the simple and cost effective screening tool to detect pre invasive cervical epithelial lesions.
A retrospective analysis of cervical smears for detection of precancerous lesions
Authors: Jha A , Chaurasia AK
Published: September 2016

Background:  Diseases of the cervix are common in women. Detection of neoplastic lesions is of prime importance in the evaluation of cervical smears although their frequency is less than the non-neoplastic conditions. Reactive and inflammatory conditions, however, may mimic or obscure the dysplastic changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of various inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic   lesions in the cervical smears.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 150 cases of cervical smears collected from medical record section of the hospital and Department of Pathology at National Medical College from April 2013 to April 2015.Results: Of 150 patients who underwent cervical cytology, only 15 cases (10%) had epithelial cell abnormalities. This was followed by reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation (16.7%), infections (5.3%) and atrophy (1.3%). Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (6%) was the most common epithelial cell abnormality followed by high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (2%), atypical glandular cells (1.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma (0.7%).Conclusion: Reactive changes including atrophy were the commonest finding. Squamous intraepithelial lesion was commonest finding among epithelial abnormalities. Glandular intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma were also identified. Among infections Trichomoniasis  and candidiasis  were seen.
Organizational culture and its implications on infection prevention and control
Authors: Baral R
Published: September 2016

The hospital acquired infections are becoming common in our hospitals lately. These infections are difficult to treat and maybe life threatening. Hospital acquired infection  can be minimized or eradicated by good Infection Prevention and Control guidelines and good hand hygiene practices. The success of Infection Prevention and Control guidelines program in any hospital is largely impacted by the organizational culture.  In any health care setting the management is challenged by the organizational culture to change of any kind. Where implementation of Infection Prevention and Control guidelines program is easily implemented in some hospitals it is very difficult in others. Moreover, hand hygiene is not only biomedical practice but also has more behavioral factors.
Correlation between Robinson’s cytological grading with Modiied Bloom-Richardson histopathological grading for breast carcinoma
Authors: Chalise S , Jha A , Neupane PR , Pradhan SB , Pathak R
Published: September 2016

Background: Invasive breast carcinoma is the most common carcinoma in women. Fine needle aspiration cytology is the important part of triple assessment of the palpable breast lump. Robinson’s cytological grading can be done in fine needle cytology smears of breast lump. The aim of this study is to grade breast tumor on cytology according to Robinson cytological grading and to correlate with histopathological grading.Materials and methods: This prospective study was done in Department of pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital from 1st April 2014 to 30thjuly 2015. A total of 58 cases of cytologically confirmed breast carcinoma were included in this study and correlated with histopathological findings. Robinson’s cytological grading was done on cytology smears and modified Bloom-Richardson grading was done on histological sections. Correlation between these two grading was done by using spearman’s correlation coefficient.Results: Cytologically, most common tumor was grade II (62.1%) followed by grade I (19%) and grade III (19%). Histologically, most common tumor was grade II (63.8%) followed by grade III (22.4%) and grade I (13.8%). High concordance rate was found in grade II tumor (80%) with absolute concordance being 65.9%. On cytology, cell dissociation and nuclear margin were determining features (p<0.005). Correlation between cytological grading and histological grading was statistically significant (p<0.005).Conclusion:  Robinson’s cytological grading is the easy grading method that can be done on cytology smears of the breast carcinoma to achieve relevant information regarding aggressiveness of the tumor and to plan for neoadjuvant chemotherapy preoperatively.
Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Aryal G
Published: September 2016

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunocytochemistry is a method of localizing specific antigen in tissue or cells based on antigen antibody reaction. IHC is the way of validating morphological findings. It helps in tumor diagnosis and classification, identify prognostic and predictive markers. IHC has a long history that dates back more than 70 years, when Coons1 first developed immunofluroscence technique to detect corresponding antigen in frozen tissue section. At oxford, Taylor and Burns2 developed the first successful demonstration of antigens in routinely processed formalin fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Since the early 1990s, IHC has been applied in routine formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. 3-4 Validation of reagents, protocols, controls and staining results are vital steps of IHC. The basic principles and protocols for fresh-frozen tissue sections are the same as those for paraffin sections, except that the antigen retrieval and dewaxing procedures are not required for frozen tissue sections. Titrations may also differ and must be separately optimized. Basic principles: Antigen-antibody recognition is based on the three-dimensional (3D) structure of protein or some other antigen, which may be compromised by formalin-induced modification of protein conformation (“masking”) but is restored in part by Antigen retrieval. Anti-A antibody binds specifically to antigen A in the tissue section. Antigen B (B) is depicted as a second antigenic determinant that is part of the anti-A molecule; anti-B antibody, made in a second species, will bind to this determinant. Thus anti-B, the so-called secondary antibody, can be used to locate the site of binding of anti-A, the primary antibody, in a tissue section. Basic IHC procedure Antigen retrieval (AR)-Enzymatic digestion (proteinase or trypsin), heat treatment (Microwave, water bath or autoclave) Blocking of non-specific background staining Incubation with primary antibody in humidity chamber Add avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, which binds to secondary antibody Add 3, 3’ diaminobenzidine (DAB) as a chromagen (color changing reagent), with hematoxylin (Mayer's) counterstaining Theranostic Application IHC is becoming increasingly important for the evaluation of predictive markers that can help select patients who may respond to particular targeted therapies. Some of these CD117 for GI stromal tumors, Herceptin (Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) for HER2-positive breast cancers, and rituximab for CD20-positive lymphomas.
Observing and Understanding the Ultrafast Photochemistry in Small Molecules: Applications to Sunscreens
Authors: Baker Lewis A. , Stavros Vasilios G.
Published: September 2016

In this review, we discuss the importance of biological and artificial photoprotection against overexposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation. Transient electronic and transient vibrational absorption spectroscopies are highlighted as important tools in understanding the energy transfer in small molecules, with a focus on the application to commercial sunscreens with representative examples given. Oxybenzone, a common ingredient in commercial sunscreens and sinapoyl malate, a biological sunscreen in plant leaves are presented as case studies.
Modelling Complex Non-Rectilinear Textile Structures
Authors: Györy Georges
Published: September 2016

Andean weavings show patterns with intersecting warps in the textile's top view. These cannot be represented as a rectangular grid-like structure (rectilinear weave). A systematic description is essential for enabling weavers to document and secure intellectual property rights, and for preserving their rich cultural heritage. We present a linked data structure for modelling non-rectilinear as well as rectilinear weaving patterns, different from both a grid and a topological representation. We have implemented two editors using the same data structure for two classes of users (non-weaver users and weavers of warp-faced textiles). We describe the data structure and compare the operator sets of the two editors to access it. We give a first evaluation of the editors by showing how they can be used to model the complex structures of real-world textiles.
Variability of the Wind Turbine Power Curve
Authors: Bandi Mahesh , Apt Jay
Published: September 2016

Wind turbine power curves are calibrated by turbine manufacturers under requirements stipulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission to provide a functional mapping between the mean wind speed v ¯ and the mean turbine power output P ¯ . Wind plant operators employ these power curves to estimate or forecast wind power generation under given wind conditions. However, it is general knowledge that wide variability exists in these mean calibration values. We first analyse how the standard deviation in wind speed σ v affects the mean P ¯ and the standard deviation σ P of wind power. We find that the magnitude of wind power fluctuations scales as the square of the mean wind speed. Using data from three planetary locations, we find that the wind speed standard deviation σ v systematically varies with mean wind speed v ¯ , and in some instances, follows a scaling of the form σ v = C × v ¯ α ; C being a constant and α a fractional power. We show that, when applicable, this scaling form provides a minimal parameter description of the power curve in terms of v ¯ alone. Wind data from different locations establishes that (in instances when this scaling exists) the exponent α varies with location, owing to the influence of local environmental conditions on wind speed variability. Since manufacturer-calibrated power curves cannot account for variability influenced by local conditions, this variability translates to forecast uncertainty in power generation. We close with a proposal for operators to perform post-installation recalibration of their turbine power curves to account for the influence of local environmental factors on wind speed variability in order to reduce the uncertainty of wind power forecasts. Understanding the relationship between wind’s speed and its variability is likely to lead to lower costs for the integration of wind power into the electric grid.
Fungi Active Microbial Metabolism Detection of Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. Section Nigri on Strawberry Using a Set of Chemical Sensors Based on Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Greenshields Marcia , Cunha Bruno , Coville Neil , Pimentel Ida , Zawadneak Maria , Dobrovolski Steffani , Souza Mireli , Hümmelgen Ivo
Published: September 2016

We use a set of three resistive sensors based on undoped multi-walled carbon nanotubes, B-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and N-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes to study fungal infection in strawberries inoculated with Rhizopus sp. or with Aspergillus sp. section Nigri. We apply tristimulus analysis using the conductance variation of the sensors when exposed to the infected strawberries to distinguish between uninfected strawberries and strawberries infected with Rhizopus sp. or with Aspergillus sp. section Nigri, and to obtain a graphical representation providing a tool for the simple and fast detection and identification of the fungal infection.
The Effect of Twin Grain Boundary Tuned by Temperature on the Electrical Transport Properties of Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Du Luojun , Yu Hua , Xie Li , Wu Shuang , Wang Shuopei , Lu Xiaobo , Liao Mengzhou , Meng Jianling , Zhao Jing , Zhang Jing , Zhu Jianqi , Chen Peng , Wang Guole , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Zhang Guangyu
Published: September 2016

Theoretical calculation and experimental measurement have shown that twin grain boundary (GB) of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) exhibits extraordinary effects on transport properties. Precise transport measurements need to verify the transport mechanism of twin GB in MoS2. Here, monolayer molybdenum disulphide with a twin grain boundary was grown in our developed low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system, and we investigated how the twin GB affects the electrical transport properties of MoS2 by temperature-dependent transport studies. At low temperature, the twin GB can increase the in-plane electrical conductivity of MoS2 and the transport exhibits variable-range hopping (VRH), while at high temperature, the twin GB impedes the electrical transport of MoS2 and the transport exhibits nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH). Our results elucidate carrier transport mechanism of twin GB and give an important indication of twin GB in tailoring the electronic properties of MoS2 for its applications in next-generation electronics and optoelectronic devices.
Fuzzy Adaptive Repetitive Control for Periodic Disturbance with Its Application to High Performance Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Speed Servo Systems
Authors: Wang Junxiao
Published: September 2016

For reducing the steady state speed ripple, especially in high performance speed servo system applications, the steady state precision is more and more important for real servo systems. This paper investigates the steady state speed ripple periodic disturbance problem for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system; a fuzzy adaptive repetitive controller is designed in the speed loop based on repetitive control and fuzzy information theory for reducing periodic disturbance. Firstly, the various sources of the PMSM speed ripple problem are described and analyzed. Then, the mathematical model of PMSM is given. Subsequently, a fuzzy adaptive repetitive controller based on repetitive control and fuzzy logic control is designed for the PMSM speed servo system. In addition, the system stability analysis is also deduced. Finally, the simulation and experiment implementation are respectively based on the MATLAB/Simulink and TMS320F2808 of Texas instrument company, DSP (digital signal processor) hardware platform. Comparing to the proportional integral (PI) controller, simulation and experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy adaptive repetitive controller has better periodic disturbance rejection ability and higher steady state precision.