bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard-polymer formula versus short-peptide formula for sepsis patients with acute gastrointestinal injury -- a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Youquan , Li Yanhua , Zhang Deyou , Li Yuting , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Huimei , Fu Yao , Li Hongxiang , Zhang Dong
Published: May 2024

Background
To investigate the selection of enteral nutrition (EN) formulas for critically ill sepsis patients with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grade I-II.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study on critically ill sepsis patients with AGI grades I-II. The primary outcomes were EN caloric adequacy on day 7, calories and protein growth from EN within 3–7 days, and the incidence of gastric retention and diarrhea after EN administration. We performed a subgroup analysis based on whether patients initiated EN within 48 hours.
Results
In the early EN subgroup, caloric adequacy, calories and protein growth of EN on day 7 of the short-peptide group was higher than that of the standard-polymeric group (59.1% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.001; 624[0,936] vs. 0[-360,480], p = 0.001; 24[0,38] vs. 0[-14.4,19.2], p = 0.003, respectively), and the incidence of gastric retention (18.2% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.03) and diarrhea (9.1% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.02) were lower in the short-peptide group than in the standard-polymeric group. However, in the delayed EN subgroup, the caloric adequacy of EN on day 7 of the short-peptide group was lower than that of the standard-polymeric group (28.6% vs. 43.5%, p = 0.02), calories and protein growth from EN were lower in the short-peptide group than in the standard-polymeric group (960[480,1200] vs. 1080[720,1440], p = 0.04; 38.4[19.2,50.4] vs. 43.2[28.8,57.6], p = 0.04, respectively).
Conclusion
For sepsis patients with AGI grade I-II, it is recommended to choose short-peptide formulas for those who initiate EN early (≤ 48h), while standard-polymer formulas are recommended for those who initiate EN late (> 48h).
Activated of Waste Palm-Oil Based on Chemical-Assisted Microwave Radition for Supercapacitor Materials
Authors: HUSNA MUTHI'AH , HARJUNOWIBOWO DEWANTO , CHITRANINGRUM NIDYA , sutarsis SUTARSIS , ARIFIN ACHMAD , JAMALUDDIN ANIF
Published: May 2024

The most widely used material as a supercapacitor electrode is activated carbon that could be produced by the biomass materials such as waste palm oil. This research promoted a hybrid method with chemical assisted microwave radiation (CAMR) to produce an activated carbon from the empty fruit bunches of palm oil (EFBP). This study aims to determine the effect of chemical activation (CA) with ZnCl2 and microwave heating radiation (MR) which applied as a supercapacitor electrode material. The results of activated carbon are tested using various tests to determine the quality of activated carbon as a supercapacitor electrode material. The results of electrode material testing showed the same carbon content in both types of activation, which was 47,4%. The results showed that there were peaks of O-H, C = C, C-H, and C-O produced in both activations. The microstructure of both activations indicates that amorphous material is formed. The CAMR method has improved an electrical conductivity of EFBP up to 3.676 x 10− 3 S / m compared with EFBP-CA of 1.082 x 10− 3 S /m. Also, the pore size increased up to 72.1 nm of EFBP-CAMR. Finally, the EFBP-CAMR was demonstrated as an active material of supercapacitor with binder free coating by electrostatic spray coating method that achieved capacity up to 32.042 F/g.
Association between depression and the prevalence and prognosis of prediabetes: a population-based study
Authors: Zhou Jin , Yang Xiaojiao
Published: May 2024

Background
Diagnosis and intervention of prediabetes is an emerging approach to preventing the progression and complications of diabetes. It has been reported that inflammatory factors and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be potential pathogenesis mechanisms of diabetes and depression. However, the relationship between depression levels and the prevalence of prediabetes and its prognosis remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the relationship between depression and the prevalence of prediabetes and to further explore the all-cause mortality of different levels of depression in patients with prediabetes.
Methods
Our study used a data set from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were divided into two groups (with or without depression) and further divided into subgroups based on different levels of depression status to analyze the relationship between depression and prediabetes prevalence. We then analyzed the relationship between all-cause mortality and depressive status in patients with prediabetes. This study used a weighted multiple logistic/Cox regression model.
Results
A total of 4384 participants were included, divided into depression group (n = 1379) and non-depression group (n = 3005). Results showed that people with depression were at higher risk of developing prediabetes. After adjusting for covariates, moderate to severe depression was positively associated with prediabetes (moderate to severe depression vs no depression: OR = 1.834, 95%CI: 0.713–4.721; severe depression vs no depression: OR = 1.004, 95% CI 0.429–2.351). In addition, we explored the relationship between all-cause mortality and depressive status in patients diagnosed with prediabetes (n = 2240) and found that moderate to severe depression (HR = 2.109, 95%CI 0.952–4.670) was associated with higher mortality in patients with prediabetes. Associated with increased all-cause mortality.
Conclusions
Overall, findings suggest that depression is positively associated with prediabetes prevalence and mortality. These results suggest that good management of mental health conditions may be a potential strategy to reduce the occurrence and progression of prediabetes.
Discovery and validation of ferroptosis-related molecular modules and immune signatures in epilepsy
Authors: Huang Cong , Wei Fan , You Zhipeng , Li Jiran , Liu Yang , Liu Xingan , Fan Zhijie , He Yunmin , Gao Xiaoying , Sun Jiahang
Published: May 2024

The pathophysiology of epilepsy is still not fully understood. Though little is known about the molecular immunological mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, numerous lines of evidence point to its critical role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Thus, the objective of this work was to thoroughly examine and analyze the molecular mechanism and immunological features of genes connected to ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. For our research, we downloaded ferroptosis-related gene sets from FerrDb and got blood and brain tissue datasets for epilepsy from the GEO database. The most pertinent Hub gene for epilepsy was found using two machine learning algorithms: Random Forest (RF) and Multiclass Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (mSVM-RFE). There are two sections to the Hub gene research. Part I: Immunological features of various clusters were analyzed and epilepsy patients' genotypes were determined using unsupervised cluster analysis. The PCA method was used to quantify the FRGscore by analyzing the connection between FRGscore and patient clinical information. Part II: By combining methods (GSEA, GSVA, and CIBERSORT), we clarify the biological processes associated with Hub genes and their roles in the immune milieu. Logistic regression models were utilized for additional analysis of hub genes. Lastly, RT-qPCR was used to confirm the Hub gene's expression in the brain tissue of mice given KA to induce epilepsy. We were able to identify three Hub genes in total using two machine learning algorithms. Immune infiltration study revealed that the level of immune infiltration in type B was much higher than that in type A, suggesting that type B may be at the pinnacle of neuroinflammation in epilepsy. Unsupervised clustering successfully identified two separate clusters. Second, the nomo diagram and logistic regression technique were used to build the epilepsy diagnosis model. Ultimately, the Hub gene results from the RT-qPCR validation were in agreement with the findings of the bioinformatic analysis, demonstrating the accuracy of the data. Our research offers fresh perspectives on the roles played by immunological systems and ferroptosis-related molecular patterns in epilepsy. It also establishes a theoretical framework for the potential addition of additional epilepsy diagnostic markers.
Effects of atmospheric pressure, and of the partial pressures of CO2 and N2, on the growth rates of Anabaena sp. PCC 7938: Assessment and implications for cyanobacterium cultivation on Mars
Authors: Verseux Cyprien , Ramalho Tiago , Bohuon Emma , Kunst Nils , Lang Viktoria , Heinicke Christiane
Published: May 2024

In situ resource utilization systems based on cyanobacteria could support the sustainability of crewed missions to Mars. However, their resource-efficiency will depend on the extent to which gases from the Martian atmosphere must be processed to support cyanobacterial growth. The main purpose of the present work is to help assess this extent. We therefore start with investigating the impact of changes in atmospheric conditions on the photoautotrophic, diazotrophic growth of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7938. We show that lowering atmospheric pressure from 1 bar down to 80 hPa, without changing the partial pressures of metabolizable gases, does not reduce growth rates. We also provide equations, analogous to Monod’s, that describe the dependence of growth rates on the partial pressures of CO2 and N2. We then outline the relationships between atmospheric pressure and composition, the minimal mass of a photobioreactor’s outer walls (which is dependent on the inner-outer pressure difference), and growth rates. Relying on these relationships, we demonstrate that the structural mass of a photobioreactor can be decreased – without affecting cyanobacterial productivity – by reducing the inner gas pressure. We argue, however, that this reduction would be small next to the equivalent system mass of the cultivation system. A greater impact on resource-efficiency could come from the selection of atmospheric conditions which minimize gas processing requirements while adequately supporting cyanobacterial growth. The data and equations we provide can help identify these conditions.
The optimal formulation of a readily compostable horticultural growing substrate for vertical farming was determined using Design of Experiments
Authors: Romo Jonathan M. , Smith Isabel N. , Galloway Michael , Cuthbertson Timothy J.
Published: May 2024

A novel, optimized, polysaccharide and biochar-based, compostable hydrogel horticultural growing substrate for use in hydroponics and vertical farming was created based upon empirical methods and statistical design of experiments (DOE). A 15-run D-optimal mixture DOE was completed that increased the 2-week plant growing ability of a five-component hydrogel nearly ten-fold from 4.3695 g to 41.2623 g per 100 plants. The data were analyzed using a standard least squares method with an effect screening emphasis, and a model was created that maximized the signal to noise ratio. There was a good correlation between the measured and predicted values of the model, with an r-squared value of 0.90. The predictions of efficacy and compostability were confirmed with subsequent experiments that showed the hydrogel was composted in less than 12 weeks and that the plant growth predicted by the model differed from the experimental growth by 0.65%. The resulting optimized formulation had a high fertilizer content for a growth medium. We therefore suggest that an empirical approach to formulation research can produce superior outcomes with a statistically designed study.
The effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the distance travelled by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the wilderness after clamp castration — a pilot study
Authors: Nurmi Hanna , Hänninen Laura , Laaksonen Sauli , Valros Anna
Published: May 2024

Background
During seasonal round-ups, free-grazing reindeer are gathered from natural pastures. Reindeer bulls removed from breeding are clamp castrated, traditionally without analgesia, and then released back into the wild. The new Finnish Animal Welfare Act requires the use of analgesia in painful procedures. A single dose of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam may maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations for 2–3 days in reindeer. No studies have been conducted on the effect of meloxicam on the behaviour of castrated reindeer in the wild after the procedure. We installed GPS collars on 16 male reindeer (5y, 130–160 kg), chosen to be castrated as a standard procedure during the round-up. Of these, eight were randomly selected to receive approximately 0.5 mg/kg of meloxicam subcutaneously (NSAID) and eight received no analgesia (TRAD). From the GPS data, we calculated the daily distances travelled by the reindeer during the three days after castration and analysed the differences between the treatments using a GEE model. Fixed factors were treatment (NSAID or TRAD), days (1–3) and hours, and the interactions between these variables.
Results
Overall, the mean ± sem daily distances travelled by NSAID and TRAD reindeer did not differ (6.60 ± 0.67 km vs. 8.60 ± 1.54 km) but the days differed: reindeer travelled longer daily and hourly distances on the 1st than the 3rd day and TRADs travelled longer distances than NSAIDs during the first day after castration (11.67 ± 2.25 km vs. 7.08 ± 0.61 km), with no difference observed on the 2nd or 3rd day (10.19 ± 3.87 km vs. 6.59 ± 0.85 km and 5.35 ± 0.39 km vs. 6.17 ± 0.70 m, respectively). Day- and night-time distances did not differ on the 1st day, but the daytime distances travelled on the 2nd and 3rd days were longer than during respective nights. The travelled daytime distances remained steady while night-time distances decreased. The daily rhythm was particularly broken with the more restless TRAD group.
Conclusions
Meloxicam may reduce restlessness in castrated reindeer in the wild for two days after castration. Further studies are needed on the use of analgesia and GPS collars for pain monitoring in freely grazing reindeer.
AI-based analysis of surgical outcomes in vitrectomy with and without cystotomy for refractory cystoid diabetic macular edema
Authors: Mitamura Mizuho , Saito Michiyuki , Hirooka Kiriko , Dong Zhenyu , Ando Ryo , Kase Satoru , Ishida Susumu
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes in vitrectomy with and without cystotomy for refractory cystoid diabetic macular edema (DME). This study enrolled 35 eyes of 29 patients who underwent vitrectomy for refractory DME. The eyes were divided into 2 groups, those undergoing vitrectomy with cystotomy (cystotomy group) (n = 8) and vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling only (ILM peeling group) (n = 27). The endpoints were central retinal thickness (CRT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular fluid (MF) area. The MF area was determined and measured using a semantic segmentation model “Hokkaido University MF segmentation model” and subdivided into inner MF (IMF) area bounded by the inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer MF (OMF) area between the outer border of INL and ellipsoid zone. The cystotomy group showed a significant reduction in CRT at 1 month postoperatively compared to the ILM peeling group (P < 0.05). The cystotomy group preserved BCVA at 6 months postoperatively compared to preoperatively. There was a significant difference between the cystotomy and the ILM peeling groups in the reduction of the OMF area at 1 month postoperatively (P < 0.01). Cystotomy for refractory DME was more effective in reducing the OMF area.
Use of the REMA score to distinguish individuals with systemic mastocytosis from those with hereditary alpha-tryptasemia: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Jiang Maggie , Lebovic Gerald , Hicks Lisa K. , Trinkaus Martina , Nikonova Anna , Vadas Peter
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) and hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) may present with overlapping clinical manifestations of mast cell activation and are difficult to distinguish on clinical grounds. Diagnosis of SM requires bone marrow or tissue biopsy whereas HαT can be diagnosed with a buccal swab for genetic testing. Another potential way to differentiate SM from HαT is by means of a validated scoring system. One such score, the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (Red Española de Mastocitosis or REMA) score has been validated as a predictor of mast cell clonality in SM using basal serum tryptase levels, clinical symptoms, and sex. This study aims to determine whether REMA scores differ sufficiently between individuals with SM and HαT so as to confidently rule in or out the need for more invasive investigations such as bone marrow or tissue biopsy.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review of 39 patients with SM and 24 patients with HαT was performed to calculate individual REMA scores. A two sample Wilcoxon test was conducted to assess the difference in median REMA scores between patients with SM and HαT. Subgroup analysis was done within the SM cohort to compare REMA scores based on KIT D816V mutation and SM subtype. Area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the discriminatory property of the REMA score.
RESULTS
Median REMA score within the SM cohort was 2 (0.50, 4.00) compared to -1 (-1.50, 0.00) within the HαT cohort (p < 0.001). REMA scores in patients with SM did not differ based on KIT mutation status. A REMA score cut-off of 0.5 was able to distinguish SM and HαT with a specificity of 83.3% (67%,96%).
CONCLUSION
This novel comparison of REMA scores in patients with SM and HαT highlights a potential role for calculated REMA score in informing decisions about the need for invasive testing in patients presenting with symptoms of mast cell activation. Larger, comparative studies should be performed before incorporating REMA scoring into routine care.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: N/A
Comparison of Results between Topical Estrogen Treatment for Postmenopausal Vaginal Atrophy and Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment
Authors: Atlıhan Ufuk , Ata Can , Avsar Huseyin Aytug , Yavuz Onur , erkilinc Selcuk , Bildaci Tevfik Berk
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
With the increasing life expectancy, postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy has become more prominent in current medical practice, given its impact on quality of life, sexual function, and pelvic floor health. PRP is considered safe and is a low-cost, simple, natural, and minimally invasive method for vaginal rejuvenation. We aim to compare the effects of hormonal treatment options and PRP application for postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy.
Materials and Methods
From a total of 66 patients, topical estrogen treatment was administered to 36 patients, while PRP treatment was performed for 30 patients who had previously received topical estrogen treatment without obtaining a response. To assess the impact of vulvovaginal atrophy and associated symptoms on the quality of life of patients, three different questionnaires, namely vaginal health index, female sexual function index, and vulvovaginal symptoms questionnaire, along with the visual analog scale, were administered at 4 weeks interval.
Results
In the assessment at the 12th week, the results obtained from the use of female sexual function index and vulvovaginal symptoms questionnaire in patients treated with PRP showed a significant difference compared to the results obtained from patients treated with topical estrogen (p: 0.004, p: 0.000).
Conclusion
Autologous platelet-rich plasma injection is a safe and effective minimal invasive monotherapy for postmenopausal VVA and, consequently, vulvovaginal rejuvenation. PRP injection has been regarded as a promising method for the treatment of VVA in postmenopausal patients with contraindications to hormone therapy and to improve hydration of the vaginal mucosa.
Desoxyrhaponticin attenuates M1 Macrophage Polarization via targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Li Xueqing , Guo Suxiang , Lu Kongli , Qi Xiaohui , Xue Song , Lian Feng
Published: May 2024

Background:
Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response and excessive activation of M1-type macrophages is detrimental to the repair following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Desoxyrhaponticin is an extract of Rheum tanguticum Maxim, a Chinese traditional nutrition food. Previous studies revealed that stilbene compounds of rhubarb possess anti-inflammatory activity, but no study has addressed whether Desoxyrhaponticin can regulate the polarization of macrophages to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Desoxyrhaponticin and the underlying mechanism.
Methods:
RAW264.7 cells were polarized to M1 macrophage by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of Desoxyrhaponticin. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression level of M1 macrophage marker. Western blotting was used to evaluate the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were used to inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Results:
The obtained results revealed that Desoxyrhaponticin inhibits the M1 polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conversely, PI3K inhibition by LY294002 exacerbated RAW264.7 macrophages polarization to the M1 type.
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of Desoxyrhaponticin via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway downregulation in RAW264.7 macrophages.
Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed lncRNAs in Papaver somniferum L.
Authors: GÜRKÖK TUĞBA , BUDAK Mahir , GÜÇLÜ Gülşen
Published: May 2024

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for transcription and are involved in a wide range of biological processes in plants. Although lncRNAs have been identified in various plants, research on those linked to alkaloid biosynthesis in Papaver somniferum L. is limited. In this study, the expression of lncRNAs in two opium poppy cultivars that produce different major alkaloids (morphine and noscapine) were analysed. A total of 8945 lncRNAs, mainly lincRNAs, were characterized in the two cultivars' tissues and were distributed unevenly across opium poppy chromosomes. Tissue-specific expression profiles of lncRNAs were observed, with a greater number expressed in capsules than in stems, indicating potential effectiveness in capsules, particularly in Munich. Cis-target genes of DELs were detected in 51.8% and 92.4% of the DELs in Munich and HN1, respectively, and were positioned in coding gene-rich regions. A limited number of studies have indicated the potential roles of lncRNAs in secondary metabolite biosynthesis; 7 DELs targeting 12 genes in the BIA pathway, which are mainly involved in morphine biosynthesis, were predicted in Munich, while HN1 targeted 15 genes related to BIA biosynthesis. The F-box gene family abundance suggested potential roles in development, stress response, and secondary metabolism. GO and KEGG analyses suggested regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and starch/sucrose metabolism. This study highlights the potential regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in opium poppy.
Identify Key Genes of Ferroptosis and reveals its relationship with immune in Gliomas of different grades: Integrative Analysis from Bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Maoxin , Cheng Yuan , Ma Ping , Yue Jianhe , Huang Ning , Tao Fang
Published: May 2024

Glioma is one of the most prevalent primary brain tumors, categorized into lower-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG), with an annual incidence ranging from 3 to 6 per 100,000 individuals. The genesis and progression of glioma entail complex processes that encompass diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms. By examining the transition of glioma from low grade to high grade, we can unravel its pathophysiological mechanisms and establish a foundation for identifying new therapeutic targets and drugs.Ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in gliomas, linked to critical biological processes including cell proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance.Understanding the role of ferroptosis in glioma onset and progression holds promise for identifying novel targets and strategies in glioma therapy.In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis with different grades of glioma, leveraging gene expression data from TCGA and GEO databases. Our integration of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and ferroptosis drivers revealed a selection of genes, notably DPP4, TFRC, and TIMP1, as significant players in glioma-associated ferroptosis regulation. Validation through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ferroptosis inhibition confirmed their relevance in glioma pathogenesis. Additionally, our systematic evaluation unveiled the prognostic value of these genes in glioma treatment and their potential impact on immune infiltration dynamics. These findings provide critical insights into ferroptosis-related mechanisms in glioma and offer promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Higher prevalence of kidney function impairment among older people living with HIV in Uganda
Authors: Ssemasaazi Amutuhaire Judith , Kalyesubula Robert , Manabe Yukari C , Mbabazi Phoebe , Naikooba Susan , Ssekindi Faizo , Nasuuna Esther , Kibwika Pauline Byakika , Castelnuovo Barbara
Published: May 2024

Background
People living with HIV (PLWH) are at risk of kidney function impairment due to HIV-related inflammation, antiretroviral therapy (ART), diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Older persons may experience a higher burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as kidney function declines with increasing age. There is a paucity of data comparing the prevalence of kidney function impairment in older PLWH to that in HIV-uninfected people in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among people aged ≥ 60 years living with and without HIV in Kampala, Uganda who were matched 1:1 by community location. We collected data on sociodemographics, comorbidities, and HIV-related clinical characteristics. We defined kidney function impairment as an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) < 60mls/min/1.73m2 with or without proteinuria. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to study associations between participant characteristics and kidney function impairment.
Results
We enrolled 278 people (median age 66 years); 50% were PLWH, and 51.8% were female. Overall, the prevalence of kidney function impairment was 23.0% (95% CI:18.4%-28.4%); 33.1% (95% CI: 25.7%-41.4%) versus 12.9% (95% CI: 8.3%-19.7%) among people living with and without HIV (p-value < 0.01). The prevalence of proteinuria among PLWH versus people without HIV was 43.9% (95% CI:35.8%-52.3%) versus 19.4% (95% CI:13.6%-26.9%) p-value < 0.01. Living with HIV (OR = 3.89(95% CI: 2.04–7.41), p-value < 0.01), older age (OR = 1.13, (95% CI:1.07–1.20), p-value < 0.01), female sex (OR = 1.95, (95% CI:1.06–3.62), p-value = 0.03) and a prior diagnosis of hypertension (OR = 2.19(95% CI:1.02–4.67), p-value = 0.04) were significantly associated with kidney function impairment.
Conclusions
HIV infection is strongly associated with kidney function impairment among older PLWH. Prioritizing routine measurements of kidney function and proteinuria in older PLWH will enable early detection and institution of measures to reduce the progression of kidney disease.
Experimental Investigation on Wear and Corrosion behavior of stir cast alloys and friction stir cast welds
Authors: Bindhushree B S , P Shanmuganatan S , Madhusudan M , Saravanabavan D
Published: May 2024

The vicinity of the present investigation enfolds the wear and corrosion behavior of cast alloys (A356 T6 and AA 2014 T6) and cast welds (W1 and W2) fabricated by stir casting and stir welding route. Higher hardness is the outcome of re-precipitation process which led to 15% improvement in the weld nugget area among W1 and W2. The alloys and the weldments were subjected to wear test with three strategic plans by employing 10–20 N, 0.5–1.5 ms− 1, 500–1500 m range of varied applied load, sliding velocity and distance on an individual set. The evaluation of wear at constant applied load, velocity and distance showcased lower wear rate of the order 0.12, 0.18, and 0.09 mgm/min respectively. The specimens were also subjected to potentiodynamic polarization corrosion test. A356 T6 and W1 specimens witnessed lower order of corrosion compared to A2014 T6 and W2. The worn and corroded surface morphology entailed the dispersion of ‘Si’ and ‘Cu’ eutectic phase throughout the Al matrix. The synergistic approach of the wear and the corrosion study unveiled the performance of the cast alloys and cast welds in terms of wear and corrosion rate for automotive applications.
Efficiency Improvement Of Electric Vehicle By Using Dual Speed Transmission
Authors: Pandey Richa , Kumar Abhimanyu
Published: May 2024

The future of transportation leads significantly towards sustainability and efficiency, which are optimized by the development of electric vehicles. This project explores the development of a dual-speed transmission model for EVs using MATLAB simulation to assess the potential gains in efficiency and overall vehicle performance by using the MIDC drive cycle. System requirements, including the desired gear ratios, drive cycle, vehicle mass, motor torque, etc., to achieve specific efficiency and performance goals. MATLAB Simulink is used to create a simulation model that includes a dynamic EV powertrain with a dual-speed transmission subsystem. The project will compare the implications of integrating a single-speed transmission system with a more complex dual-speed transmission system, examining their impacts on the vehicle's range and SOC consumed.
Supportive Care Needs and Quality of Life among Cancer Patients in China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wang Bingshuang , Hu Xinyan , Ding Wanzhen , Guo Huimin , Ren Xiaoliang
Published: May 2024

Background
This study aimed to examine the factors associated with unmet supportive care needs (SCNs) and to determine the correlation between unmet SCNs and quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 137 cancer patients who were recruited via convenience sampling from an oncology department at a tertiary cancer hospital in China. Three assessment instruments were employed herein: a general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Supportive Care Needs Survey short form (SCNS-SF34-C), and the functional subscale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30).
Results
Among the five domains of the SCNS-SF34-C, the health system and information domain had the highest mean score (M = 2.74; SD = 0.75), followed by the psychological domain (M = 2.36; SD = 0.85). Five factors were found to be associated with the unmet SCNs of cancer patients: gender, educational background, disease awareness, smoking status, and drinking habits (all p < 0.05). Moreover, participants with unmet psychological, physical and daily living needs showed significantly lower QoL in all functional and symptom domains (all p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Chinese cancer patients have notable unmet health system and information needs. Future studies should design individualized interventions to improve supportive care among cancer patients and to enhance their QoL.
CG-rich trinucleotide two-repeats signify novel recombination hotspots conserved across primates and mouse
Authors: Ohadi Mina , Tajeddin Nahid , Arabfard Masoud , Alizadeh Samira , Bayat Hadi , Moghadam Masoumeh Goleyjani , Khamse Safoura , Salesi Mahmoud , Maddi Ali M. A. , Delbari Ahmad , Khorshid Hamid Reza Khorram
Published: May 2024

We previously reported colonies of GGC and GCC two-repeat units (dyads) across the human genome, which were conserved across great apes. On a genome-wide scale, here we extended our methodology, and mapped the two-repeat units of all combinations of C and G trinucleotides in human, consisting of CCG, CGG, CGC, GGC, GCG, and CGC. The majority of the units coincided in 81,118 colonies (distance between consecutive units < 500 bp). We detected pure units and units that were overlaps of those pure units across the colonies, signifying unequal crossover and recombination at those units. Subsequently, we performed a comparative genomics study of several large and medium-size colonies in other primates and mouse. We found that several of those colonies were conserved, yet with extensive dynamicity, as phylogenetically distant as in mouse. In conclusion, CG-rich two-repeat units signify novel unequal crossover and recombination hotspots of the finest molecular resolution, conserved across primates and mouse.
A comparison of two and multiple doses of rituximab in pediatric patients with frequent relapses and steroid- dependent nephrotic syndrome. A single-center study
Authors: Roujouleh Farah , Aleysae Nabil , Alharbi Naffa , Salem May , Bamahmoud Alaa , Bajamal Manal , Kimawi Abdullah , Almehmadi Alanoud , Bawayan Rayan
Published: May 2024

Aim.
Compare the efficacy and safety of two different rituximab regimens in children suffering from frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FR/SDNS).
Methods.
We included all pediatric patients diagnosed with FR/SDNS who received two or more doses of rituximab infusions and were followed up for at least 12 months from the initiation of therapy at a single referral center in Saudi Arabia between January 2010 and September 2021. Patients were categorized into two groups: those who received 2 doses (Group A) and those who received 3 or more doses (Group B) of rituximab therapy. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients maintaining remission at 6-, 10-, and 12-month intervals following the beginning of the first course of rituximab therapy.
Result.
The study included 28 patients, 13 (46.5%) in group A and 15 (53.5%) in group B. The average disease onset was 3 years old. Both groups achieved similar remission rates at various follow-up points (100% at 6 months, then decreasing over time). While relapse rates were similar, the time between relapses was longer in group B (86.6 weeks) compared to group A (55 weeks, p = 0.02). Minor side effects occurred in 6 patients (16%), but none were serious. Conclusion. While two doses of rituximab are comparable in effectiveness to multiple doses over a 12-month period, receiving more than two doses may significantly extend the duration of relapse-free survival.
Comparative Analysis of Gardenia. jasminoides Ellis and G. jasminoides var. Radicans Makino Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Hou Ziyu , Zeng Tiexin , Huang Jiali , Xu Lijia , Sun Le , Liu Haibo
Published: May 2024

Gardenia fruits, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, historically treated jaundice and hepatitis. Despite the pharmacopeial identification of the source plant as Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (MG), market occurrences of adulteration with G. jasminoides var. Radicans Makino (WG) have been noted. This study aims to compare and analyze the therapeutic potential of the main components of MG and WG on jaundice and hepatitis using network pharmacology methods, exploring WG as an alternative or supplementary resource to MG. Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods compared the main components of WG and MG, as well as their mechanisms of action in treating jaundice, hepatitis, and related disorders. Additionally, cell experiments using RAW 264.7 cells assessed the effects of Geniposide, Genipin, Crocin, Crocin II, and Crocetin on Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), nitric oxide (NO) production, and the secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). WG and MG exhibited common targets in treating jaundice, hepatitis, and related disorders, with GO and KEGG analysis showing high similarity, all pointing to inflammation-related pathways. Toxicity prediction and molecular docking identified five shared compounds (Crocin, Crocin II, Geniposide, Genipin, and Crocetin) among WG and MG, demonstrating significant pro-proliferative effects on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and inhibitory effects on inflammatory factors NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Through network pharmacology comparative analysis, we found that WG and MG have a similar chemical basis for treating jaundice and hepatitis, with the analysis of their mechanisms of action pointing to inflammation-related pathways. Shared components such as Geniposide, Genipin, Crocin, Crocin II, and Crocetin exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, effectively countering the inflammatory effects induced in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Despite the limited acceptance of WG in medical practice, this study provides new perspectives and clues for its development.
Causal associations of BAFF-R on IgD+ CD24- B cell immune cell trait with hepatocellular carcinoma and the mediating role of phenylacetylglutamate levels: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Qiu Zongchao , Yang Maochun , Kong Lingxi , Li Limin , Huang Yingting , Xie Li
Published: May 2024

Background We conducted a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal associations between immune cell traits and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify the mediating factor of metabolites.
Methods The exposure factors were immune cell traits, the mediators were metabolites, and the outcome variable was HCC. Inverse-variance weighted method (IVW) was the main method. Weighted median, MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MRPRESSO) methods were used as complementary methods. Subsequently, the potential mediating effect was investigated by conducting a two-step Mediation analysis.
Results We found 7 traits with positive correlations and 19 traits with negative correlations between immune cell traits and HCC. There were no causal correlations between HCC and immune cell traits in the reverse MR analysis. In the mediation analysis, we found a positive causal association between B cell-activating factor receptors (BAFF-R) on IgD+ CD24- B cell and HCC [IVW: odd ratio (OR), 0.845; 95% CI, 0.759-0.942; p = 0.002]. Phenylacetylglutamate (PAG) levels mediated 7.353% of the causal pathway from BAFF-R on IgD+ CD24- B cell and HCC.
Conclusion BAFF-R on IgD+ CD24- B cell lowers risk of HCC, with PAG levels playing a mediating role.
Optical coherence tomography angiography features in Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients without Hyperviscosity syndrome.
Authors: cennamo gilda , rinaldi michele , severino alessandro , de fazio laura , malvone emanuele , martinelli vincenzo , costagliola ciro
Published: May 2024

Background
To evaluate the retinal vessel density (VD) with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in in asymptomatic patients affected by Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) without hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) and to highlight the presence of microvascular damage in theese clinically asymptomatic WD patients.
Methods
in this prospective study, a total of 43 eyes from 43 WM patients (24 females, 19 males, mean age 55.1 ± 13.6 years) were enrolled from January 2023 to December 2023 in the Eye Clinic of the University of Naples Federico II. .Along with WM patients, 40 healthy subjects (HS) (20 females, 20 males, mean age 52.3 ± 15.6 years) with a normal ophthalmic examination and no history of intraocular surgery or retinal pathologic features were included as control group All patients and controls underwent OCTA
Results
The two groups were not significantly different for age and sex Visual acuity examination showed no statistically significant difference in BCVA between controls and patients Compared to HS, WD patients showed lower VD values in the SCP in the whole image (47.95 ± 5.17% vs. 52.99 ± 2.52%; p < 0.001), as well as in the parafovea (53.01 ± 6.69% vs. 55.30 ± 2.61%; p = 0.002), and fovea (21.38 ± 9.01% vs. 30.31 ± 5.84%; p < 0.0001). On the other hand, in the DCP VD values were significantly higher in patients compared to controls in the whole image (55.82 ± 8.07% vs. 50.83 ± 5.46%; p = 0.005), as well as in the parafovea (56.76 ± 6.26% vs. 52.59 ± 5.46%; p = 0.0001), and fovea (38.75 ± 8.59% vs. 33.43 ± 8.68%; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
The finding that OCTA confirmed the presence of widespread microvascular damage in WD patients clinically silent. Thus, OCTA is a safe rapid imaging technique that could represent a valid biomarker of systemic vascular dysfunction.
Practical Guidelines for Utilizing WipFrag Software to Assess Oversize Blast Material Using Both Orthomosaic and Digital Images
Authors: Taiwo Blessing Olamide , Palangio Andrew , Savaliya Chirag , Patel Jenil
Published: May 2024

Oversize material resulting from blasting presents a notable drawback in the transportation of run-off-mine material due to increased expenses associated with handling, decreased efficiency in loading, and greater wear on digging equipment. Its irregular size and weight demand additional resources and time for secondary breakage, impacting overall productivity and profitability. This paper addresses the limitations of interpreting image analysis software results and applying them to the assessment of blast-generated oversize materials. This comprehensive guide utilizes both orthomosaic and digital photos to provide critical approaches for optimizing fragmentation analysis and improving decision-making in mining operations. It briefly covers post-blast assessment, blast block heat map interpretation, and material loading decision-making recommendations.
Notwendigkeit der kranialen Computertomographie nach einem Sturzereignis beim älteren Patienten unter dem Einfluss gerinnungshemmender Medikamente
Authors:   , Best Alicia
Published: May 2024

Notwendigkeit der kranialen Computertomographie nach einem Sturzereignis beim älteren Patienten unter dem Einfluss gerinnungshemmender Medikamente
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: does everyone need it?
Authors: Chichevatov D. A. , Sinev E. N. , Glukhov A. E. , Seliverstova O. M.
Published: May 2024

Objective. In accordance with clinical guidelines, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is recommended as a beneficial option for treatment of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC). However, some studies did not demonstrate potential benefits of nCRT. In this paper we compared treatment outcomes of surgery alone with preoperative CRT followed by surgery. Material and methods. Group 1 (n=147) consisted of patients who underwent surgery alone. Group 2 (n=3,337) was formed in the framework of the present systematic review and meta-analysis (15 publications captured 20 separate subgroups for analysis). Patients of group 2 received nCRT followed by esophagectomy. Overall survival (OS) and median OS were estimated. Results. The median OS was reached in group 1 and in 12 separate subgroups of group 2 (2310 of 3337 patients). In groups 1 and 2 the OS median estimates were 31.0 and 28.1, respectively (p=0.873). Respective 3-year and 5-year OS were 0.49 vs 0.48 (p=0.425) and 0.37 vs 0.41 (p=0.228). The median OS was not reached in 8 separate subgroups of group 2 (1027 of 3337 patients). In this case, group 2 patients had significantly higher 3- and 5-year OS compared to group 1 patients: 0.69 vs 0.49 (p=0.000) and 0.60 vs 0.37 (p=0.000), respectively. Pathological complete response to nCRT was associated with better survival. conclusion. nCRT is not appropriate for all patients with TESCC. Improved overall survival may be achieved in patients with a high grade of pathological tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment. Selective administration of nCRT based on highly probable prediction of complete tumor response seems promising. This concept needs further research.
Sistem Keadilan Juvana di Malaysia: Empat Prospek Penambahbaikan
Authors:   School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Haji Zainol Intan Nooraini , Mohammad Taufik ,   Department of Education and Psychology, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal, Azman Azlinda ,   School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: May 2024

The issue of children and adolescents involved in crime is an issue that needs serious attention as statistics and crime rates involving children show instability. There are various prospects for improvement that can be made in the juvenile justice system in Malaysia. Based on the perspective of social sciences and the findings from relevant previous studies, this article explores four prospects for improvement that can be considered by the Malaysian government, especially policy makers; namely the involvement of victims of crime in the justice process, the involvement of community members in the justice process, the active and comprehensive involvement of family members as well as the emphasis on aftercare. In addition, this article discusses the challenges that may be faced by the juvenile justice system that should also be considered in order to facilitate the process of improving the proposed prospects. This article contributes to the literature related to juvenile issues and the juvenile justice system in Malaysia which is expected to provide useful input for the reference of policymakers to further improve the effectiveness of the juvenile justice system in the country.
Perkembangan Sukatan Pelajaran dan Kurikulum Tamil Sekolah Rendah di Malaya Sebelum 1947
Authors:   Department of Indian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ramasamy Mohana Dass , Sandaram Mageeswaran ,   Department of Indian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Syed Jaafar Sharifah Raihan ,   Sustainability of Language Sciences Research Centre (SOLS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: May 2024

Since Tamil education in Malaysia was formally established in Malaya around 1816, it has undergone various changes in terms of syllabus and curriculum before the country gained her independence in 1957, when the direction of education changed towards the formation of the a Malaysian-based educational system. The development patterns and forms of syllabus and curriculum that have been the basis of the development of Tamil Malaysian education for almost 140 years before 1947 were not well explored due to lack of empirical research and resources. Almost all existing literature that describe the nature of this era failed in explaining the compositions of the syllabus and curriculum that were used by stating that the Indian-continent based syllabus was adopted in that era. There were no proper studies that offer thorough explanation of the content and direction of the syllabus and curriculum of that time. Using the historiographical method, this study has delved into this need and listed the process and development of Tamil syllabus and curriculum that have been introduced for Tamil schools in Malaysia before independence. Descriptive qualitative method using descriptions and reporting were used to provide an explanation of the circumstances, events, changes, and developments that took place in the sector of Tamil education before 1947. The findings of the study were discussed through two main aspects, namely, aspects of exploring the history of the development of Tamil education and content analysis of the syllabus components and curriculum of Tamil school education. The results clearly envisage the direction and the development of syllabus content and preindependence curriculum. The finding is expected to be an important platform to know and understand the development of Tamil syllabus and curriculum education in the days before Malaysia gained her independence.