bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimated glomerular filtration rate equations in people of self-reported black ethnicity in the United Kingdom: Inappropriate adjustment for ethnicity may lead to reduced access to care
Authors: Gama Rouvick M. , Clery Amanda , Griffiths Kathryn , Heraghty Neil , Peters Adrien M. , Palmer Kieran , Kibble Henry , Vincent Royce P. , Sharpe Claire C. , Cairns Hugh , Bramham Kate
Published: August 2021

Assessment in African populations suggest adjustment for ethnicity in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations derived from African Americans lead to overestimation of GFR and failure to determine severity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, studies in African Europeans are limited. We aimed to assess accuracy of eGFR equations, with and without ethnicity adjustment compared with measured GFR in people of Black ethnicity in the United Kingdom. Performance of MDRD, CKD-EPI (with and without ethnicity adjustment), Full Age Spectrum (FAS), revised Lund Malmö (LM Revised), and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) eGFR equations were assessed compared to 51Cr-EDTA GFR studies extracted from hospital databases. Participants with albumin <30g/l, liver disease, <18 years, of non-Black or non-White self-reported ethnicity were excluded. Agreement was assessed by bias, precision and 30%-accuracy and was stratified for ethnicity and GFR. 1888 51Cr-EDTA studies were included (Mean age-53.7yrs; 43.6% female; 14.1% Black ethnicity). Compared to White participants, eGFR-MDRD and eGFR-CKD-EPI equations in Black participants significantly overestimated GFR (bias 20.3 and 19.7 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively, p<0.001). Disregarding the ethnicity adjustment significantly improved GFR estimates for Black participants (bias 6.7 and 2.4ml/min/1.73m2 for eGFR-MDRD and eGFR-CKD-EPI respectively, p<0.001). The LM Revised equation had the smallest bias for both White and Black participants (5.8ml and -1.1ml/min/1.73m2 respectively). 30%-accuracy was superior for GFR≥60ml/min/1.73m2 compared to <60ml/min/1.73m2 using eGFR-CKD-EPI equation for both White and Black participants (p<0.001). Multivariate regression methodology with adjustment for age, sex and log(serum creatinine) in the cohort yielded an ethnicity coefficient of 1.018 (95% CI: 1.009–1.027). Overestimation of measured GFR with eGFR equations using ethnicity adjustment factors may lead to reduced CKD diagnosis and under-recognition of severity in people of Black ethnicity. Our findings suggest that ethnicity adjustment for GFR estimation in non-African Americans may not be appropriate for use in people of Black ethnicity in the UK.
Stochastic dynamics of predator-prey interactions
Authors: Singh Abhyudai
Published: August 2021

The interaction between a consumer (such as, a predator or a parasitoid) and a resource (such as, a prey or a host) forms an integral motif in ecological food webs, and has been modeled since the early 20thcentury starting from the seminal work of Lotka and Volterra. While the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model predicts a neutrally stable equilibrium with oscillating population densities, a density-dependent predator attack rate is known to stabilize the equilibrium. Here, we consider a stochastic formulation of the Lotka-Volterra model where the prey’s reproduction rate is a random process, and the predator’s attack rate depends on both the prey and predator population densities. Analysis shows that increasing the sensitivity of the attack rate to the prey density attenuates the magnitude of stochastic fluctuations in the population densities. In contrast, these fluctuations vary non-monotonically with the sensitivity of the attack rate to the predator density with an optimal level of sensitivity minimizing the magnitude of fluctuations. Interestingly, our systematic study of the predator-prey correlations reveals distinct signatures depending on the form of the density-dependent attack rate. In summary, stochastic dynamics of nonlinear Lotka-Volterra models can be harnessed to infer density-dependent mechanisms regulating predator-prey interactions. Moreover, these mechanisms can have contrasting consequences on population density fluctuations, with predator-dependent attack rates amplifying stochasticity, while prey-dependent attack rates countering to buffer fluctuations.
Effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle contractile performance in male and female mice
Authors: Laudato Joseph A. , Tice Abigail L. , Call Jarrod A. , Gordon Bradley S. , Steiner Jennifer L.
Published: August 2021

Background

Acute and chronic alcohol use can cause skeletal muscle myopathy in concert with impairments in skeletal muscle strength, function and fatigue resistance. However, the fundamental contractile deficits induced in the presence of alcohol versus those observed in the recovery period following the clearance of alcohol have not yet been characterized nor is it known whether sex influences these outcomes.

Methods

Male and female mice received an intraperitoneal injection of either saline (Control) or ethanol (EtOH; 5g/kg body weight). Muscle force, fatigue, fatigue recovery and twitch characteristics of the posterior crural muscle complex were measured in situ 1 hour and 24 hours post alcohol.

Results

In the presence of alcohol (1-hour post treatment) absolute and normalized force generated at 80–150 Hertz was decreased in male and female mice with concurrent reductions in the rate of force development and increases in ½ relaxation time. When expressed as a percentage of maximum force, both males and females also displayed an alcohol-induced leftward shift in the force frequency curve indicative of a type I contractile phenotype. Alcohol enhanced fatigue in both males and females but had no effect on force recovery. Following clearance of alcohol (24-hour post treatment), contractile function was completely restored in females while alcohol treated males experienced sustained reductions in absolute force and had enhanced fatigue compared with male controls.

Conclusions

In the presence of alcohol, both males and females exhibited significant declines in muscle force production and enhanced fatigue; however, following complete clearance of the alcohol, females recovered all functional parameters, while males did not.
Acylcarnitine profile in Alaskan sled dogs during submaximal multiday exercise points out metabolic flexibility and liver role in energy metabolism
Authors: Tosi Irene , Art Tatiana , Boemer François , Votion Dominique-Marie , Davis Michael S.
Published: August 2021

Alaskan sled dogs develop a particular metabolic strategy during multiday submaximal exercise, allowing them to switch from intra-muscular to extra-muscular energy substrates thus postponing fatigue. Specifically, a progressively increasing stimulus for hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis provides glucose for both fueling exercise and replenishing the depleted muscle glycogen. Moreover, recent studies have shown that with continuation of exercise sled dogs increase their insulin-sensitivity and their capacity to transport and oxidize glucose and carbohydrates rather than oxidizing fatty acids. Carnitine and acylcarnitines (AC) play an essential role as metabolic regulators in both fat and glucose metabolism; they serve as biomarkers in different species in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. We assessed the effect of multiday exercise in conditioned sled dogs on plasma short (SC), medium (MC) and long (LC) chain AC by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Our results show chain-specific modification of AC profiles during the exercise challenge: LCACs maintained a steady increase throughout exercise, some SCACs increased during the last phase of exercise and acetylcarnitine (C2) initially increased before decreasing during the later phase of exercise. We speculated that SCACs kinetics could reflect an increased protein catabolism and C2 pattern could reflect its hepatic uptake for energy-generating purposes to sustain gluconeogenesis. LCACs may be exported by muscle to avoid their accumulation to preserve glucose oxidation and insulin-sensitivity or they could be distributed by liver as energy substrates. These findings, although representing a “snapshot” of blood as a crossing point between different organs, shed further light on sled dogs metabolism that is liver-centric and more carbohydrate-dependent than fat-dependent and during prolonged submaximal exercise.
High-gain observer-based nonlinear control scheme for biomechanical sit to stand movement in the presence of sensory feedback delays
Authors: Sultan Nadia , Mughal Asif Mahmood , Islam Muhammad Najam ul , Malik Fahad Mumtaz
Published: August 2021

Sit-to-stand movement (STS) is a mundane activity, controlled by the central-nervous-system (CNS) via a complex neurophysiological mechanism that involves coordination of limbs for successful execution. Detailed analysis and accurate simulations of STS task have significant importance in clinical intervention, rehabilitation process, and better design for assistive devices. The CNS controls STS motion by taking inputs from proprioceptors. These input signals suffer delay in transmission to CNS making movement control and coordination more complex which may lead to larger body exertion or instability. This paper deals with the problem of STS movement execution in the presence of proprioceptive feedback delays in joint position and velocity. We present a high-gain observer (HGO) based feedback linearization control technique to mimic the CNS in controlling the STS transfer. The HGO estimates immeasurable delayed states to generate input signals for feedback. The feedback linearization output control law generates the passive torques at joints to execute the STS movement. TheH2dynamic controller calculates the optimal linear gains by using physiological variables. The whole scheme is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulations illustrate physiologically improved results. The ankle, knee, and hip joint position profiles show a high correlation of 0.91, 0.97, 0.80 with the experimentally generated reference profiles. The faster observer dynamics and global boundness of controller result in compensation of delays. The low error and high correlation of simulation results demonstrate (1) the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme for customization of human models and (2) highlight the fact that for detailed analysis and accurate simulations of STS movement the modeling scheme must consider nonlinearities of the system.
Changes in health promoting behavior during COVID-19 physical distancing: Utilizing wearable technology to examine trends in sleep, activity, and cardiovascular indicators of health
Authors: Capodilupo Emily R. , Miller Dean J.
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic incited unprecedented restrictions on the behavior of society. The aims of this study were to quantify changes to sleep/wake behavior and exercise behavior, as well as changes in physiological markers of health during COVID-19 physical distancing. A retrospective analysis of 5,436 US-based subscribers to the WHOOP platform (mean age = 40.25 ± 11.33; 1,536 females, 3,900 males) was conducted covering the period from January 1st, 2020 through May 15th, 2020. This time period was separated into a 68-day baseline period and a 67-day physical distancing period. To provide context and allow for potential confounders (e.g., change of season), data were also extracted from the corresponding time periods in 2019. As compared to baseline, during physical distancing, all subjects fell asleep earlier (-0.15 hours), woke up later (0.29 hours), obtained more sleep (+0.21 hours) and reduced social jet lag (-0.13 hours). Contrasting sleep behavior was seen in 2019, with subjects falling asleep and waking up at a similar time (-0.01 hours; -0.03 hours), obtaining less sleep (-0.14 hours) and maintaining social jet lag (+0.06 hours) in corresponding periods. Individuals exercised more intensely during physical distancing by increasing the time spent in high heart rate zones. In 2020, resting heart rate decreased (-0.90 beats per minute) and heart rate variability increased (+0.98 milliseconds) during physical distancing when compared to baseline. However, similar changes were seen in 2019 for RHR (-0.51 beats per minute) and HRV (+2.97 milliseconds), suggesting the variation may not be related to the introduction of physical distancing mandates. The findings suggest that individuals improved health related behavior (i.e., increased exercise intensity and longer sleep duration) during physical distancing restrictions. While positive changes were seen to cardiovascular indicators of health, it is unclear whether these changes were a direct consequence of behavior change.
Hepatitis C continuum of care: Experience of integrative hepatitis C treatment within a human immunodeficiency virus clinic in Indonesia
Authors: Yunihastuti Evy , Hariyanto Rahmat , Sulaiman Andri Sanityoso , Harimurti Kuntjoro
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have changed the paradigm of hepatitis C therapy for both HCV/HIV co-infected and HCV mono-infected patients. We aimed to describe the HCV continuum of care of HIV-infected patients treated in an HIV clinic after a free DAA program in Indonesia and identify factors correlated with sofosbuvir-daclatasvir (SOF-DCV) treatment failure.

Methods

We did a retrospective cohort study of adult HIV/HCV co-infected patients under routine HIV-care from November 2019 to April 2020 in the HIV integrated clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. We evaluated some factors correlated with sofosbuvir-daclatasvir treatment failure: gender, diabetes mellitus, previous IFN failure, cirrhosis, concomitant ribavirin use, high baseline HCV-RNA, and low CD4 cell count.

Results and discussion

Overall, 640 anti-HCV positive patients were included in the study. Most of them were male (88.3%) and former intravenous drug users (76.6%) with a mean age of 40.95 (SD 4.60) years old. Numbers and percentages for the stages of the HCV continuum of care were as follows: HCV-RNA tested (411; 64.2%), pre-therapeutic evaluation done (271; 42.3%), HCV treatment initiated (210; 32.8%), HCV treatment completed (207; 32.2%), but only 178 of these patients had follow-up HCV-RNA tests to allow SVR assessment; and finally SVR12 achieved (178; 27.8%). For the 184 who completed SOF-DCV treatment, SVR12 was achieved by 95.7%. In multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus remained a significant factor correlated with SOF-DCV treatment failure (adjusted RR 17.0, 95%CI: 3.28–88.23, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

This study found that in the HCV continuum of care for HIV/HCV co-infected patients, gaps still exist at all stages. As the most commonly used DAA combination, sofosbuvir daclatasvir treatment proved to be effective and well-tolerated in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Diabetes mellitus was significant factor correlated with not achieving SVR12 in this population.
50 anos de investigação sobre o comportamento estrutural de barragens de aterro
Authors: Maranha das Neves Emanuel , Caldeira Laura
Published: August 2021

Assinalam-se, no domínio das barragens de aterro, as contribuições dos autores para os desenvolvimentos ocorridos em Portugal no período de tempo decorrido desde a criação da Revista Geotecnia até aos dias de hoje. Têm a ver, em última análise, com o desempenho estrutural das barragens face às ações relevantes.
Indonesia Emas Berkelanjutan 2045: Kumpulan Pemikiran Pelajar Indonesia Sedunia Seri 4 Hukum, HAM dan Pemerintahan
Authors: Haqi Faruq Ibnul ,   University of South Australia, Sylvana Gresika Bunga ,   The City University of New York - Amerika Serikat, Gayatri Irine Hiraswari ,   Monash University - Australia, Hikmat Muhammad Imam Hanif ,   University of Warwick - United Kingdom, Veronika Nuri Widiastuti ,   Monash University - Australia, Harris Raissa Yurizzahra Azaria ,   University of Melbourne - Australia, Anggraeni Setyawati Fitri ,   World of Maritime University - Swedia, Abdurrahman Usamah ,   Universitas Necmettin Erbakan - Turki, Prabowo Yunrisna Aditya ,   University of Aberdeen - United Kingdom, Hardy Jurisdito Hutomo ,   Bournemouth University, Gusman Tiara Costiawati ,   Monash University, Armay Edmond Febrinicko ,   Lund University
Published: August 2021

Seri Hukum, HAM, dan Pemerintahan mengulas isu tentang hukum, hak asasi manusia, dan pemerintahan, serta rekomendasi untuk mencapai tujuan Indonesia Emas 2045. Bunga rampai ini membahas poin ke-16 SDGs, yaitu perdamaian, keadilan, dan kelembagaan yang tangguh. Secara umum, target dalam SDGs ke-16 dapat direalisasikan melalui pembentukan hukum dan sistem yang baik terhadap beberapa aspek, yaitu pelaksanaan prinsip hak asasi manusia yang baik dan berkelanjutan, penghapusan diskriminasi, baik dalam kehidupan sosial maupun sistem, dan peningkatan peran Indonesia dalam tata kelola global. Buku ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bacaan yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat Indonesia, dan para pengambil kebijakan serta institusi penegak hukum di Indonesia, dalam rangka bersama-sama gotong royong mencapai Indonesia Emas 2045. Selamat membaca!
PRACTICES AND EFFECTS OF MUNICIPAL SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE RURAL DISTRICT
Authors: Sergienko A. M. , Kulaeva T. A.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of research of the support practices of local governments for small and medium-sized businesses in a rural municipal district — the Tyumentsevsky District in the Altai Territory. Based on the analysis of the target indicators of the municipal program for the development and support for small and medium-sized businesses in 2014-2019, of the data from the reports of the Tyumentsevsky District Administration on its implementation and the expert survey results, the effects of the entrepreneurship development and its municipal support are shown. A weak correlation is found between the implementation of the target indicators plan and the actual municipal support practices. According to the results of a survey of local entrepreneurs, the level and dynamics of the development of small and medium-sized businesses and the practices of the local government for their support are assessed. Institutional barriers to the development of small and medium-sized businesses, a low level of their self-organization, insufficient information and consulting business support, and a number of other problems are identified. Conclusions are drawn about the relatively low effects of the implemented practices of municipal support for small and medium-sized businesses. Low quality of planning the targets, small opportunities and results financial security of the municipal program are shown. Proposals are made to improve the quality of planning in the development and implementation of municipal programs to support small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, and to improve the municipal practices for their support, including distance learning and information support, businesses self-organization stimulating and development of their integration connections.
RUSSIAN ECONOMY: WHAT IS NOT ENOUGH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES AND ENTERPRISES
Authors: Yaschenko A. V.
Published: August 2021

The article attempts to assess the results of the development of the Russian economy from the moment of privatization to the present. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that, despite significant resources, including human capital, the economy is stagnating, there are no structural reforms, and high-tech companies do not appear. The main thing is not creating conditions for business development on the principles of self-organization: entrepreneurship, initiative, personal competence and investment. Reforming the socio-economic system of the USSR has no historical analogue, and is perceived as a unique practice of testing some theoretical positions and hypotheses that guided researchers and entrepreneurs in the framework of a market economy, for example, the theory of market equilibrium, theory of the firm, theory of preferences, and others. Russia has demonstrated a kind of phenomenon, both from the point of view of theory and practice of market transformations, when it is not entrepreneurship, not the investment activity of business and the population, but the narrowly selfish interests of persons affiliated with the government, began to determine market processes, such an economy was called the «economy of individuals», And in the case of a direct focus on the state budget,» the economy of the distribution». The transformations could be based on the market experience of a large number of countries, both developed and developing (China), this has not been done. Time was lost on the creation of new jobs; in the industrial orientation of the state, there were no priorities for the development of important industries for national competitiveness. As a result, the economic growth was lost.
Interethnic Marriages of Indigenous Peoples of the North in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the Late 1950s
Authors: Pavlyukevich R.V. , Barmina E.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of interethnic marriages between Russians and indigenous peoples of the North in the Krasnoyarsk territory in the 1950s. The research is based on the materials of censuses and surveys conducted by local authorities in the late 1950s. The focus of researchers was made by the Enets, the Nganasans, the Selkups, the Evenks and the Kets. Since the second half of the 20th century, contacts between the Russian population and the peoples of the far North of the Krasnoyarsk territory have become more frequent. In the context of construction projects in the region, there is an increase in marriages between Russians and representatives of local indigenous peoples. These marriages had an ambiguous impact, on the one hand they were an expression of the principle of "friendship of peoples", one of the basic principles of the Soviet state and contributed to the integration of the Northern territories into the Krasnoyarsk territory. On the other hand, mixed marriages accelerated the assimilation of these peoples and contributed to the cease and extinction of their culture. Their parents positioned most of the children in such marriages as Russian. In everyday speech these families, as well as a rule, was dominated by the Russian language, Russian culture.
Journal "Lesa Respubliki" as a Source on the History of Forest Policy of the RSFSR in 1918-1919
Authors: Tyapkin M.O.
Published: August 2021

The article provides a source analysis of the journal "Lesa Respubliki", published in the RSFSR in 1918-1919 and which was the official press organ of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture. Issues of forest policy gained particular relevance after the revolutionary events of 1917, the abolition of all types of forest ownership, a radical restructuring of the entire state apparatus and the rejection of forest legislation of pre-revolutionary Russia. The journal discussed various directions of development of the forestry sector of the national economy of Soviet Russia. Special attention was paid to the issues of forestry legislation, the system of local and central government, forest protection, the development of forest trade and industry, staffing of forestry, and the organization of specialized education. Under the influence of the civil war and the deepest socioeconomic crisis associated with it, the issue of providing fuel to industrial enterprises, transport, Soviet institutions and individual citizens acquired the most acute sound. The journal "Lesa Respubliki" is a valuable source in the study of the genesis of the national state forest policy.
Hare in Folklore and Religious Mystical Views of the Bashkirs
Authors: Ilimbetova A.F.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the remnants of the cult of the hare among the Bashkirs, which was one of the revered animals in their ancient religious and mystical views. In oral stories, the Bashkir hare is endowed with human qualities — it has feelings, the gift of thinking and speech. In the fairy tale and children's play folklore, traces of the belief of the ancestors of the Bashkirs in the mutual transformation of a person and a hare into each other appear. In the tribal ethnonymy of the Bashkirs, motives have been preserved about the origin of certain groups of people from a hare, totem and totemic ancestor. In oral poetry, customs and rituals of the Bashkir hare acts as a totemic ancestor, patron saint of family and marriage relations, women in labor and children. In the folk calendar and signs of the Bashkir, the hare symbolizes fertility and fertility. In the mythological tradition, the Bashkir hare acts as a benefactor of heroes — it creates favorable conditions for them, brings wealth, and protects their lives. In religious and magical practice, the Bashkir hare appears as a healer of people. The protective functions of a hare are revealed in attributing protective properties to images of a hare and in the practice of sewing hare ears and tails on children's hats, as amulets against evil spirits and the evil eye.

In the oral works of the Bashkirs there are remnants of ancient cosmogonic myths about the participation of a hare — a totemic ancestor in the creation of the earth and keeping it in the Universe.
Use of the fundamental problem of statistics to define the validity limit of Occam's razor principle
Authors: Berdondini Andrea
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT: In statistics, to evaluate the significance of a result, one of the most used methods is the statistical hypothesis test. Using this theory, the fundamental problem of statistics can be expressed as follows: "
A statistical data does not represent useful information, but becomes useful information only when it is shown that it was not obtained randomly". Consequently, according to this point of view, among the hypotheses that perform the same prediction, we must choose the result that has a lower probability of being produced randomly. Therefore, the fundamental aspect of this approach is to calculate correctly this probability value. This problem is addressed by redefining what is meant by hypothesis. The traditional approach considers the hypothesis as the set of rules that actively participate in the forecast. Instead, we consider as hypotheses the sum of all the hypotheses made, also considering the hypotheses preceding the one used. Therefore, each time a prediction is made, our hypothesis increases in complexity and consequently increases its ability to adapt to a random data set. In this way, the complexity of a hypothesis can be precisely determined only if all previous attempts are known. Consequently, Occam's razor principle no longer has a general value, but its application depends on the information we have on the tested hypotheses.
Face Emotions based Stress Index Measurement using Machine Learning
Authors: Mohan Anand
Published: August 2021

This system is designed developed for detection of the stress index of a person on the basis of emotion recognition and analysis of a face. It's a simple application which use the front camera of the smartphone or computer and does not have requirement o f any other external hardware. It has been developed with the major focus on students young generation and somewhat less on the adults because of the fact that the young generation is more prone to over use of the smart devices. The methodology used is e fficient and simple as this application running in background takes pictures of the user at various intervals as defined by the timing graph. Such images are converted into compatible images and stored in the database whose URL would be fetched in return a fter a successful operation. A timing graph is a resultant of a function over time which determines the initiation of the consecutive photo captures of the user in a series. It gets increased over time as the condition of stress is likely to happen as the duration of usage content increases. Major 7 emotions with which the face can express are Happy, Sad, Angry, Disgust, Neutral, Fear, Surprise whose analysis is found by Microsoft azure emotion API These Expressions could be formulated in a probabilist ic manner with priority weightage mentioned in the weight table (table no. 1) assignment to each emotion fetched. The returned emotion set of the seven major emotion face expression.
What Do We Mean by Academic Labor (in Rhetorical Studies)?
Authors: Kahn Seth , Pason Amy
Published: August 2021

Authors define their approach to academic labor scholarship and activism. They note challenges to engaging with labor in scholarship and practice and call for normalizing discourse about class and labor in relation to the university. The authors suggest directions for future scholarship and activism in local institutions and professional associations.
Creating Equitable Opportunities: The Thoughts of Two Administrator Rhetoricians
Authors: Wilson Kirt H. , Ono Kent A.
Published: August 2021

In this article, the authors draw on their personal experiences as mid-career administrators and scholars of color to consider both the structures that limit, and opportunities for equity and social justice in, academic institutions. Although the primary logics that shape academic institutions serve to marginalize certain types of scholars and scholarship, they argue that institutions also contain gaps and contradictions where resistance is possible and from which alternative structures can be built. They identify and define three critical practices—storytelling, structural transformation, and allyship—that administrators can use to create a more equitable academy. The authors discuss why they believe it is important to invest in administrative and professional association service, where they have witnessed the gaps that make transformation possible, and how they have implemented critical administrative praxes.
Radical Rhetoric: Toward a Telos of Solidarity
Authors: Aswad Noor Ghazal
Published: August 2021

Transnational rhetorical scholarship has yet to enact meaningful solidarity with the subaltern. “Inclusionary” efforts have actively excluded what I term the “radical subject,” the subject revolting against repressive hegemonic forces to achieve liberatory change in society. Without privileging the radical subject and a critique of freedom over a critique of domination, hegemonic narratives continue uninterrupted. This paper turns toward the Syrian revolution to illustrate how critical rhetoric does not stretch far enough for the radical subject. I propose a radical rhetorical paradigm that centers the radical subject’s lived knowledge as determining meaning. This approach realizes the wisdom in relinquishing skepticism during the critical reasoning process by placing the radical subject as the starting point in inquiry in contested spaces where negotiation over meaning is ongoing. It acknowledges the radical subject’s testimony as born of the epistemic relevance of social location and the boundedness of knowledge. The radical rhetorical approach consecrates the epistemologies of the radical subject as inculcating the imperative for action on behalf of the oppressed.
Situated Listening: Toward a More Just Rhetorical Criticism
Authors: Scott Sarah Mayberry , Edgar Amanda Nell
Published: August 2021

Using the murder of Magdiel Sanchez as a case study, we argue that rhetoric’s future must embrace practices of situated listening. While much of the field’s work has focused on speakers and practices of invention, we argue that a more just study of public deliberation must position this approach in conversation with an acknowledgment of situated reception. We follow scholars of color, feminist theorists, and disability advocates who have long argued for the practices of ethical listening, adding that the imperative to listen extends beyond the listening ear, accounting for the totality of the body and its environmental and contextual positions. By reaching beyond the demands of race to consider the intersecting axis of (dis)ability, we push the fields of rhetoric, sound studies, and critical/cultural communication studies to consider embodiment as a whole condition of rhetorical reception.
Commemorative (Dis)Placement: On the Limits of Textual Adaptability and the Future of Public Memory Scholarship
Authors: Maldonado Chandra Ann
Published: August 2021

As Kirt Wilson recently noted, contemporary memory and commemorative scholarship can sometimes be too narrowly focused on the centrality of material visual display to a historical narrative’s persuasive power or institutional ideological structures, a tendency that ultimately valorizes and reinforces dominant narratives. In the face of that practice, I ask: How can we understand the extent to which institutionalized histories reinforce and stabilize hegemonic ideals of systems and structures while (dis)placing others? There are several potential answers to this question; the one I want to focus on here has to do with methodological choices. More specifically, I argue for an expansion of the focus of memory and commemorative scholarship to incorporate nondominant historical narratives. This can be achieved by using a methodological approach rooted in circulation theory as a corrective to a long-term focus on dominant (hegemonic) texts. Such an approach allows for memory and commemorative scholarship to employ multiple discourses and practices embedded in commemoration by critically engaging the ways in which hegemonic narratives and identities emerge and are enacted beyond what are traditionally understood to be the “material” structures of public memory.
Decolonizing Regions
Authors: Davis Patricia , Inabinet Brandon , Moss Christina L. , Walcott Carolyn B.
Published: August 2021

The case of Southern regionalism shows both the problems with current treatments of regionalism—illustrative of the problem of colonialist perspectives more generally—and the path forward. That path forward involves rethinking whose ancestors count as members of a place, the issue of whose voices are centered, memory and trauma, and counterpublics. The authors advise (1) embracing the field’s interest in local identities and identity movements—therefore, interrogating rhetoric as symbol systems carried in intergenerational, relational identity; (2) pushing further against colonialism, as the world is more layered by global systems of trauma and memory; and (3) admitting that nation-building rhetoric is an imperfect paradigm compared to resistive counterpublic discourse.
Using ultrasonographic features to predict the outcomes of patients with small papillary thyroid carcinomas: a retrospective study implementing the 2015 ATA patterns and ACR TI-RADS categories
Authors: Park Hee Min , Lee Jihye , Kwak Jin Young , Park Vivian Youngjean , Rho Miribi , Lee Minah , Yoon Jung Hyun
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether risk stratification systems using ultrasonographic (US) features show associations with the outcomes of patients with small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs).Methods: This retrospective study received institutional review board approval. From March 2007 to February 2010, 775 patients who underwent surgery for small PTCs (10-20 mm) were included. Based on preoperative US features, PTCs were categorized according to the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS). The associations of clinicopathological and US features with postoperative patient outcomes were evaluated.Results: In total, 61 patients had high-volume central lymph node metastasis (CLNM, 7.9%) and 100 patients had lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM, 12.9%). In univariable analyses, a high number of suspicious US features and higher ACR TI-RADS point totals were significantly associated with both high-volume CLNM (P=0.001, each) and LLNM (P<0.001, each). In multivariable analyses of preoperative features, a higher number of suspicious US features and higher ACR TI-RADS point totals were independently associated with high-volume CLNM (odds ratio [OR], 1.516 and 1.201; P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively) and LLNM (OR, 1.763 and 1.293; all P<0.001). Individual US features, ATA categories, and ACR TI-RADS point totals were not significantly associated with recurrence or distant metastasis.Conclusion: The number of suspicious US features and the ACR TI-RADS point total are potential risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with small PTCs.
Narrativas artísticas: ramificações, contaminações e apagamentos
Authors: Fonseca Fábio , Kerinska Nikoleta , Rampin Priscila
Published: August 2021

Esta edição dedica-se às ações e projetos artísticos contemporâneos de caráter narrativo. Ao reunir contribuições de várias nacionalidades, revela-se a heterogeneidade dos modos de narrar e a identificação dos métodos e procedimentos de elaboração e apresentação dessas obras, que se estruturam com base em elementos visuais, áudio e verbo visuais, tanto de natureza ficcional quanto documental, e/ou híbrida.
OS EXTREMOS TERMO-HIGROMÉTRICOS E OS REGISTROS DE DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS EM CAMPO GRANDE-MS
Authors: De Queiroz Arlei Teodoro , Lima Valdomiro Antônio de Oliveira , Ferro Vitória Rodrigues
Published: August 2021

O conhecimento do clima local constitui um importante fator para o estudo do ambiente, bem como a busca de melhor qualidade de vida para a população. Complementando esta ideia, a literatura tem demonstrado que algumas variáveis climáticas, tais como os extremos de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, podem influenciar na ocorrência de algumas doenças, denominadas doenças sensíveis ao clima (DSC). Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de correlacionar os extremos termo-higrométricos e os registros de doenças respiratórias em Campo Grande-MS. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram utilizados os dados da Estação Meteorológica de Campo Grande, pertencente a rede de estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Foram utilizados, também, os registros de doenças respiratórias disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do SUS. De posse destes dados, os mesmos foram tabulados, classificados e, a partir daí, feita a correlação dos dados utilizando o coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson. Como resultados, foi possível observar uma correlação, tanto positiva como negativa, dos extremos termo-higrométricos e as doenças respiratórias em Campo Grande-MS, sobretudo nos dados compilados de toda a série histórica (2002-2017) e no ano que ocorreu o maior número de óbitos (2016), apresentando índices de correlação mais próximos de 1 ou -1. Diante dos resultados obtidos, a presente pesquisa serve de base para as diversas áreas do conhecimento que necessitam destas informações para aprimoramento científico, bem como para nortear políticas públicas de saúde que busquem a melhoria do bem-estar social e ambiental da população.
Formação de conceito sobre a natureza do conhecimento científico utilizando a teoria de P.Ya Galperin a partir da história da química
Authors: Araújo Robson Fágner Ramos de , Pires Neto João Pessoa
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a formação de conceitos dos estudantes do ensino médio, sobre a natureza do conhecimento científico a partir da História da Química relacionado ao episódio do “sonho” de August Kekulé, utilizando-se a possibilidade metodológica da Teoria da Formação por Etapas das Ações Mentais, proposta por Galperin (1982). Para tanto, foi aplicado uma sequência de ensino em uma turma do 3º ano do Ensino Médio em uma escola estadual da cidade de Campina Grande – PB. Os resultados apontam para as possibilidades metodológicas na organização de atividade de ensino voltada à formação de conceitos científicos e compreensão no processo do desenvolvimento científico, por meio da assimilação das etapas operacionais orientadas pela Base Orientadora da Ação, evidenciadas nas atividades desenvolvidas no espaço escolar.
O desenvolvimento das neoformações psíquicas na atividade de estudo
Authors: Clarindo Cleber Barbosa da Silva
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma discussão sobre a relação entre a atividade de estudo e o desenvolvimento das neoformações psíquicas das crianças em idade escolar. Para a análise dessa relação, utilizamos o referencial teórico da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Partindo dos conceitos de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento, zona de desenvolvimento próximo e atividade, buscamos explicitar como a organização da atividade de estudo constitui-se como um meio fundamental para que os estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental se apropriem das principais neoformações psíquicas dessa etapa da vida, que são as capacidades próprias do pensamento teórico: análise, reflexão e planificação mental. O seu desenvolvimento tem relação direta com a organização da atividade de ensino que orienta a aprendizagem dos escolares no início do processo de escolarização.
Contribuições da atividade de estudo para o desenvolvimento da autoria nos escolares
Authors: Kohle Érika Christina , Miller Stela
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de um experimento didático-formativo realizado com crianças de terceiro, quarto e quinto anos do Ensino Fundamental, de um projeto de recuperação e reforço de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino de um município do estado de São Paulo, em situação de criação de escrita de enunciados realizada por meio de atividade de estudo, caminho metodológico escolhido para guiar a prática pedagógica do experimento. O desenvolvimento dessa atividade objetivou que as crianças se apropriassem do conceito diário pessoal como um gênero de enunciado, por meio de análise, reflexão e planificação mental, desenvolvendo, nessa trajetória, em sua forma ainda incipiente, o pensamento teórico, a criatividade, a autonomia no pensar e no agir, resultando em sua capacidade para produzir seus enunciados de forma autoral. As análises do material gerado durante o experimento foram realizadas com base nos referenciais da Teoria Histórico-Cultural e da Teoria da Atividade de Estudo que forneceram as bases para a compreensão do processo de apropriação e objetivação de conceitos teóricos pelas crianças em suas relações com o objeto de conhecimento e com os sujeitos sociais em seu meio, visando à compreensão de como acontecem as mudanças qualitativas em seu psiquismo. Conclui afirmando a atividade de estudo como um caminho propício ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de autoria em alunos escolares dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
Aprendizagem Desenvolvimental: atividade de estudo na perspectiva de V. V. Davidov
Authors: Cardoso Cecília Garcia Coelho
Published: August 2021

Para a realização da pesquisa Aprendizagem Desenvolvimental: Atividade de Estudo na perspectiva de Davidov, analisamos de que maneira os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos de Davidov (1930-1998), em especial, em relação a concepção de sujeito e a elaboração do conceito, do conteúdo e da estrutura da Atividade de Estudo, podem contribuir para intensificar a qualidade dos processos de aprendizagem dos estudantes. Para tanto, realizamos um estudo a respeito das produções científicas do psicólogo e didata russo, considerado, em virtude de suas pesquisas e de suas publicações, um dos mais importantes estudiosos, do ponto de vista teórico, acadêmico e político, que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento e para a consolidação da Teoria da Aprendizagem Desenvolvimental (TAD), da Teoria da Atividade de Estudo (TAE) e da Didática Desenvolvimental.
Content
Authors: Tudevdagva Uranchimeg
Published: August 2021

Content of Volume 7 Issue 1
Automated Evaluation of Smart City Data from Cloud-System
Authors: Koniaev-Gurchenko Iurii , Hardt Wolfram
Published: August 2021

Smart city data processing is an important taskfor the promotion and development of smart cities. The articledescribes and presents the types of smart city data, discusses theexisting modern methods and approaches to the processing ofsmart city data, such as pre-processing, assessment and analysis,and their tasks. This article contains architectural solutions andmethods used in the developed automated smart city dataevaluation system. There is also a detailed description of theintegration of the developed system with the DriveCloud cloudserver for receiving and storing smart city data.
Von 100 auf 0 oder doch nicht?!
Authors: Harling Bettina
Published: August 2021

Das Jubiläumsjahr der Stadtbibliothek Mannheim verlief durch Corona ganz anders als geplant. Der Lockdown war eine große Herausforderung, brachte aber keinen Stillstand, sondern führte zu vielen neuen Angeboten und Kompetenzen bei den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern. Immer mit dem Ziel, flexibel auf die aktuelle Situation und die Bedürfnisse der Menschen zu reagieren.
It’s the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)
Authors: Flieger Elisabeth
Published: August 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie hat die digitale Transformation der ZBW beschleunigt. Von einem bereits hohen Niveau ausgehend, war die ZBW mit Beginn des Lockdowns kurzfristig in der Lage, Erwartungen von Nutzer*innen, Beschäftigten und Kooperationspartner*innen ohne große Reibungsverluste nachzukommen. Die Blitzdigitalisierung veränderte die interne und externe Kommunikation, flexibilisierte Geschäftsabläufe und das Personalmanagement. Der Zugriff auf die digitalen Services stieg an.
Introduction. La technê et la connaissance des causes : Aristote et le modèle de la médecine
Authors: Viano Cristina
Published: August 2021

The theme of the specificity of medical causes in the Greco-Roman world is part of a wider research project on the notion of causality, the starting point of which is Aristotle and his seminal theorisation of the four causes. It therefore seemed useful to introduce this collection with a synthetic presentation of the Aristotelian conception of medicine, which is characterised by the knowledge of causes and represents a paradigm for the other arts and practical knowledge.
Aux limites de l’explication : le rôle de la sympathie chez Galien
Authors: Devinant Julien
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to assess the epistemological value of the notion of sympathy in Galen’s thought. It first shows that Galen makes use of two different concepts of sympathy: the ambient concept, according to which the human body manifests a harmonious part-whole relationship, and the technical concept, with which one connects two pathologies on the basis of the fact that the cause of the ailment is elsewhere than where it surfaces. Neither of these sympathies constitutes in itself a causal explanation of reality. The first merely acknowledges an obvious interrelationship, the second acts as an epistemic tool to shift the focus of diagnosis away from the place where the condition manifests itself. However, the two concepts are not absolutely unrelated; and they come together when the sympathetic paradigm is used to understand the unifying action of the psychic and natural faculties. Very significantly, Galen then provisionally defines the cause as a power or faculty (δύναμις) not out of theoretical necessity but for practical reasons.
A simulation study of nonideal mixing effect on the dynamic response of an exothermic CSTR with Cholette’s model
Authors: Yang Chane-Yuan , Chien Yu-Shu , Chou Jun-Hong
Published: August 2021

The study of nonideal mixing effect on the dynamic behaviors of CSTRs has very rarely been published in the literature. In this work, Cholette’s model is employed to explore the nonideal mixing effect on the dynamic response of a nonisothermal CSTR. The analysis shows that the mixing parameter n (the fraction of the feed entering the zone of perfect mixing) and m (the fraction of the total volume of the reactor), indeed affect the characteristic roots of transfer function of a real CSTR, which determine the system stability. On the other hand, the inverse response and overshoot response are also affected by the nonideal mixing in a nonisothemal CSTR. These results are of much help for the design and control of a real CSTR.