bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal patellar loading may lead to femoral trochlear dysplasia: an experimental study of patellar hypermobility and patellar dislocation in growing rats
Authors: Tang Shiyu , Li Weifeng , Wang Shengjie , Wang Fei
Published: January 2023

Background

This animal study aimed to explore the effects of patellar hypermobility and patellar dislocation on the developing femoral trochlea.

Methods

Seventy-two 3-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The sham group (SG) underwent simple incision and suture of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; the patellar hypermobility group (PHG) underwent medial and lateral retinacular release and pie-crusting technique for the patellar ligament; the patellar dislocation group (PDG) underwent plication of the medial patellofemoral retinaculum. Twelve rats in each group were euthanized at 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively, respectively, and specimens were collected. The bony sulcus angle (BSA), cartilaginous sulcus angle (CSA), trochlear sulcus depth (TSD), and thickness of the cartilage on the lateral facet (CTL), medial facet (CTM), and center (CTC) of the trochlea were measured on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections.

Results

In the PHG and PDG, the femoral condyles became blunt, the trochlear groove became shallower, and cartilage became thicker compared with the SG. Compared with the SG, the PHG and PDG had significantly larger BSA and CSA values at 3 (p < 0.05) and 6 weeks (p < 0.005), and a significantly shallower TSD (p < 0.05). At 3 weeks, all cartilage thicknesses in the PHG and the CTC and CTM in the PDG were significantly thinner than in the SG (PHG vs. SG:p = 0.009 for CTL,p < 0.001 for CTM,p = 0.003 for CTC; PDG vs. SG:p = 0.028 for CTC,p = 0.048 for CTM). At 6 weeks, the CTC was thicker in the PHG and PDG than the SG (PHG vs. SG:p = 0.044; PDG vs. SG:p = 0.027), and the CTL was thinner in the PDG than the SG (p = 0.044).

Conclusion

Patellar hypermobility and patellar dislocation may result in trochlear dysplasia that worsens with age. Excessive or insufficient loading leads to trochlear dysplasia.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Predictors of sternal wound infection post cardiac surgery in a Saudi Centre: a case control study
Authors: Isaac Adil A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Sternal wound infection (SWI) post cardiac surgery remains an important cause of extra morbidity, mortality and cost. The objective was to identify risk factors for SWI in a cardiac centre in Eastern Saudi Arabia as part of the investigation into Surveillance variance in the local rates of SWI.

Methods

We included cases and controls from a cross section of patients who underwent major cardiac surgery between 2017 and 2020 matched for age, sex and time of surgery. An explanatory logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the risk factors.

Results

N = 204 (51 cases and 153 controls matching ratio 1:3, from a source population of 985 patients). factors significantly associated with SWI in the final multivariate model: hospital stay OR (1.05, Cl 1.01–1.10), Graft Conduit BIMA versus No Graft OR (10.94, Cl 1.60–74.63), transfusion of both packed cells plus other blood products versus no transfusion OR (3.53, Cl 93–13.44), HbA1c OR (1.09 Cl 0.84–1.41), BMI OR (1.25, Cl 1.04–1.50), perioperative blood glucose OR (1.02, Cl 1.004–1.03), surgery time OR (1.19, Cl 1.00–1.58).

Conclusions

The diverse aetiology, cross-disciplinary nature of SWI prevention, and despite improved prevention and control practices, including related care bundles with their proven value, SWI remain a serious challenge in cardiac surgery. Multidisciplinary consensus guidelines are well overdue.
Single-port thoracoscopic removal of an azygos vein aneurysm: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yao Yi , Hu Qiuxia , Xie Xiaoyang , Liu Caiyang , Lei Yu , Li Xiaoliang , Wang Yi , Liu Gaohua , Yang Yanhui , Luo Lei , Li Ji
Published: January 2023

Background

Azygos vein aneurysms (AVAs) are extremely rare. The majority of patients have no obvious clinical symptoms, so they are found by physical examination or by chance. There is limited clinical treatment experience that can be referred to, and there are no clear guidelines or research evidence standardizing the surgical and interventional therapy. Here, we report a patient with idiopathic AVA whose three-dimensional reconstruction of the tumor was completed before surgery. On the basis of three-dimensional reconstruction, single-port thoracoscopic resection of the AVA was successfully completed and reported for the first time. The previously reported cases are summarized to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AVAs.

Case presentation

A 56-year-old man was transferred to our hospital due to “dysphagia”. The diagnosis of AVA was made after enhanced computed tomography, gastroscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction. Congenital weakness or degenerative changes causes the vein walls to be extremely thin that the AVA had the risk of ruptur. Furthermore, the patient had symptoms of dysphagia, he received single-port thoracoscopic surgery. After the operation, his dysphagia disappeared. The postoperative pathology confirmed hemangioma. The patient was discharged 3 days after surgery without any complications.

Conclusions

AVAs are rare. Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction can greatly help surgeons clarify the disease diagnosis, formulate the surgical plan, avoid damage to the surrounding vital organs, and reduce intraoperative bleeding. Thoracoscopic surgery to remove AVAs is difficult and has a high risk of bleeding, while more minimally invasive single-port thoracoscopic surgery is also safe and effective for the treatment of AVAs.
Analyzing sleep status in children with acute leukemia
Authors: Xi Lu , Wu Guangsheng , Du Xinke
Published: January 2023

Background

Quality sleep is essential for physical and mental health. We aimed to analyze sleep disorders in children with acute leukemia and explore associated factors.

Methods

General data and sleep disorders in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy were collected by general questionnaires, Children's Sleep Disorders Scale and the Parenting Stress Index-short form.

Results

In total, 173 valid questionnaires were collected. The total Sleep Disorder Scale score > 39 is considered a sleep disorder, while sleep disorders accounted for 45.66% (79/173). In the cohort, 167 children had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with 40.12% (67/167) having sleep disorders, while six children had acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, with 50.00% (3/6) having sleep disorders. Single- and multi-factor regression analyses of age, gender, number of children in the family, and time spent using electronic devices showed that factors influencing sleep disorders in these children were mainly parental scolding and adenoid hypertrophy. Children with sleep disorders had more parental stress than those without sleep disorders (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The high incidence of sleep disorders in children with acute leukemia is related to airway conditions and parental behaviors. Sleep disorders in children can increase parenting stress. Factors potentially affecting sleep quality should be addressed as early as possible, while parental education should be strengthened to better facilitate the physical and psychological recovery of their children.
Effect of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on lowering of blood glucose levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients: study protocol for a prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pan Ying , Liu Hong-ying , Zhong Shao
Published: January 2023

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common perinatal condition. Convincing evidence has shown that hyperglycemia and other chronic comorbidities of diabetes during the prenatal period increase maternal and fetal risk. Several guidelines have identified lifestyle management as the first-line therapy in GDM patients. To improve the efficacy of lifestyle intervention, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is proposed as a solution to improve clinical outcomes. The objective of this trial is to determine the efficacy in treating hyperglycemia of mobile-based CBT interventions in GDM patients, compared with conventional face-to-face interventions. 

Methods

This trial is designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial, which enrolled the patients diagnosed with GDM in First People’s Hospital of Kunshan affiliated with Jiangsu University from September 2021 to March 2023 with a 3-month follow-up. The specific randomization method was established and implemented through the central randomization system of EDC clinical trials. The percentage of all blood glucose levels collected within the normal range between the two groups at baseline, during the intervention period, and postpartum infant and maternal outcomes will be measured. Summary statistics for continuous variables will include the number of subjects, mean, median, SD, or the standard error, minimum, and maximum. The chi-square test, t test, and paired-sample t test were used for statistical analysis of differences between groups.

Discussion

This trial investigates the effects of mobile-based CBT intervention on blood glucose levels in GDM patients.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100048527) [registered: 2021/07/09].
Combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Ren Hanru , Xu Yi , Peng Xue , Yu Wenxi , Shen Zan
Published: January 2023

Radiotherapy and targeted therapy are essential treatments for patients with brain metastases from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, the combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy still needs to be investigated, and neurotoxicity induced by radiotherapy for brain metastases has also become an important issue of clinical concern. It remained unclear how to achieve the balance of efficacy and toxicity with the application of new radiotherapy techniques and new targeted therapy drugs. This article reviews the benefits and potential risk of combining radiotherapy and targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases.
A study on the detection of bulging disease in ancient city walls based on fitted initial outer planes from 3D point cloud data
Authors: Hu Yungang , Feng Baicheng , Hou Miaole
Published: January 2023

Bulging is a common disease suffered by ancient city walls, especially clay brick walls. Bulging affects or even threatens the stability of outer structures of ancient city walls. Therefore, accurate identification of bulges is one of the urgent issues to be addressed in ancient city wall conservation. In this study, a novel method is proposed for detecting and identifying bulge information using point cloud data collected from the outer surface of an ancient city wall. The non-bulging points are identified in the sliced point cloud of a city wall, and then the initial plane of the city wall is fitted more accurately with the aid of spatial constraints. Finally, the bulging damage is identified and extracted by comparing the initial plane with the original point cloud. This method was applied to the project of ancient city wall conservation and was compared with other existing methods in effectiveness and accuracy. The results show that the proposed method can detect efficiently budging disease in ancient city walls for architectural heritage conservation.
Sudden unexpected death caused by a colloid cyst in the third ventricle: case report
Authors: Alzahrani Abdulrahman , Albouijan Abdullah , Alshamsi Ghada , Almanjumi Abdulwahab , Hamdi Mohammed , Alteraiqi Battel , Alshaikhi Mohammed
Published: January 2023

Background

Colloid cysts arise from congenital abnormalities of the endodermis and are characteristically comprised of an external fibrous layer, with a lining of cuboidal and columnar epithelial cells and endodermal ciliated cells. They contain a gelatinous matrix, produced by mucus-producing epithelial cells.

Case presentation

An 8-year-old Saudi girl died in Dammam Central Hospital, to which she was admitted by her parents following her complaints of intense headaches. When the body was examined externally, it was noted that she had bilateral eye congestion, evidence of needle marks on all four limbs and in the region of the femoral triangle and bruising in the central chest and left shoulder areas. No other evidence of injury was noted. A cyst in the third ventricle of the brain was identified at post mortem. Investigations for alcohol, toxins and illicit substances were negative.

Conclusion

It was surmised that the child had died as a result of a cerebral colloid cyst and its clinical sequelae.
Serum Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer Concentrations Are Associated With Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Higashioka Mayu , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Hata Jun , Honda Takanori , Sakata Satoko , Shibata Mao , Kitazono Takanari , Osawa Haruhiko , Ninomiya Toshiharu
Published: January 2023

Context

Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) concentrations are known to be an indicator of chronic liver injury and fibrosis.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum M2BPGi concentrations and the development of type 2 diabetes in a Japanese community.

Methods

A total of 2143 community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged 40-79 years without diabetes at baseline were followed up for 7 years. Serum M2BPGi concentrations were divided into quintiles: Q1, ≤0.37 cutoff index (COI); Q2, 0.38-0.49 COI; Q3, 0.50-0.62 COI; Q4, 0.62-0.80 COI; and Q5, ≥0.81 COI. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the development of type 2 diabetes.

Results

During the follow-up period, 219 individuals developed type 2 diabetes. The age- and sex-adjusted cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with elevating serum M2BPGi levels (P for trend < .01). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (P for trend = .04). This significant association attenuated to a nonsignificant level after additionally adjusting for serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that higher serum M2BPGi concentrations were significantly associated with higher risk of diabetes in a Japanese community. Moreover, inflammation and insulin resistance were suggested to contribute to the excess risk of diabetes in individuals with higher serum M2BPGi levels. These findings shed light on the importance of inflammation and insulin resistance when considering the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Diazoxide Choline Extended-Release Tablet in People With Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Miller Jennifer L , Gevers Evelien , Bridges Nicola , Yanovski Jack A , Salehi Parisa , Obrynba Kathryn S , Felner Eric I , Bird Lynne M , Shoemaker Ashley H , Angulo Moris , Butler Merlin G , Stevenson David , Abuzzahab Jennifer , Barrett Timothy , Lah Melissa , Littlejohn Elizabeth , Mathew Verghese , Cowen Neil M , Bhatnagar Anish ,   the DESTINY PWS Investigators, Das Urmi , Fleischman Amy , Goldstone Anthony , Harwood Katerina , Holland Prof Anthony , Kimonis Virginia , McCandless Shawn , Schillaci Lori Anne , Shaikh Mohammed , Shea Heidi , Viskochil David , Wilding Prof John
Published: January 2023

Context

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurobehavioral-metabolic disease caused by the lack of paternally expressed genes in the chromosome 15q11-q13 region, characterized by hypotonia, neurocognitive problems, behavioral difficulties, endocrinopathies, and hyperphagia resulting in severe obesity if not controlled.

Objective

The primary end point was change from baseline in hyperphagia using the Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT). Other end points included Global Impression Scores, and changes in body composition, behaviors, and hormones.

Methods

In DESTINY PWS, a 13-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, 127 participants with PWS aged 4 years and older with hyperphagia were randomly assigned 2:1 to diazoxide choline extended-release tablet (DCCR) or placebo.

Results

DCCR did not significantly improve hyperphagia (HQ-CT least-square mean (LSmean) [SE] −5.94 [0.879] vs −4.27 [1.145]; P = .198), but did so in participants with severe hyperphagia (LSmean [SE] −9.67 [1.429] vs −4.26 [1.896]; P = .012). Two of 3 secondary end points were improved (Clinical Global Impression of Improvement [CGI-I]; P = .029; fat mass; P = .023). In an analysis of results generated pre-COVID, the primary (HQ-CT; P = .037) and secondary end points were all improved (CGI-I; P = .015; Caregiver Global Impression of Change; P = .031; fat mass; P = .003). In general, DCCR was well tolerated with 83.3% in the DCCR group experiencing a treatment-emergent adverse event and 73.8% in the placebo group (not significant).

Conclusion

DCCR did not significantly improve hyperphagia in the primary analysis but did in participants with severe baseline hyperphagia and in the pre-COVID analysis. DCCR treatment was associated with significant improvements in body composition and clinician-reported outcomes.
Impact of Conducting Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Morning Versus Afternoon in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Yoneda Mau , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Aiga Ko , Karashima Shigehiro , Usukura Mikiya , Mori Shunsuke , Takeda Yoshimichi , Aono Daisuke , Konishi Seigo , Okumura Kenichiro , Ogi Takahiro , Kobayashi Satoshi , Takeda Yoshiyu , Yoneda Takashi
Published: January 2023

Context

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard technique for subtype differentiation of primary aldosteronism (PA) and to obtain aldosterone and cortisol measurements; however, their secretion patterns show fluctuations during the day.

Objective

We aimed to examine the effects of AVS timing on AVS results.

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective, observational study included a total of 753 patients who were diagnosed with PA and underwent AVS in 4 centers in Japan. Among them, 504 and 249 patients underwent AVS in the morning (AM-AVS) and in the afternoon (PM-AVS), respectively. The outcome measures were the impact of AVS timing and hormone fluctuations in a day on AVS results.

Results

There were no differences in the success rate of AVS, diagnostic rate of disease type, or frequency of discrepancy in PA subtypes between the AM-AVS and PM-AVS groups. Regarding patients with unilateral PA, aldosterone concentrations in adrenal venous blood did not differ between the 2 groups on the dominant or nondominant side. Conversely, regarding patients with bilateral PA, aldosterone concentrations in adrenal venous blood were significantly higher in the AM-AVS than in the PM-AVS group.

Conclusions

The timing of AVS did not seem to have a significant impact on subtype diagnosis. The aldosterone levels in adrenal venous blood were significantly higher in patients with bilateral PA in the AM-AVS group, but there was no such difference between patients with unilateral PA in the AM-AVS and PM-AVS groups. Each subtype may have a different hormone secretion pattern in a day.
Reducing Volatile Anesthetic Waste Using a Commercial Electronic Health Record Clinical Decision Support Tool to Lower Fresh Gas Flows
Authors: Olmos Andrea V. , Robinowitz David , Feiner John R. , Chen Catherine L. , Gandhi Seema
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Volatile anesthetic consumption can be reduced by minimizing excessive fresh gas flows (FGFs). Currently, it is unknown whether decision support tools embedded within commercial electronic health record systems can be successfully adopted to achieve long-term reductions in FGF rates. The authors describe the implementation of an electronic health record–based clinical decision support tool aimed at reducing FGF and evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in achieving sustained reductions in FGF rates and volatile anesthetic consumption.

METHODS:

On August 29, 2018, we implemented a decision support tool within the Epic Anesthesia Information Management System (AIMS) to alert providers of high FGF (>0.7 L/min for desflurane and >1 L/min for sevoflurane) during maintenance of anesthesia. July 22, 2015, to July 10, 2018, served as our baseline period before the intervention. The intervention period spanned from August 29, 2018, to December 31, 2019. Our primary outcomes were mean FGF (L/min) and volatile agent consumption (mL/MAC-h). Because a simple comparison of 2 time periods may result in false conclusions due to underlying trends independent of the intervention, we performed segmented regression of the interrupted time series to assess the change in level at the start of the intervention and the differences in slopes before and after the intervention. The analysis was also adjusted for potential confounding variables. Data included 44,899 cases using sevoflurane preintervention with 26,911 cases postintervention, and 17,472 cases using desflurane with 1185 cases postintervention.

RESULTS:

Segmented regression of the interrupted times series demonstrated a decrease in mean FGF by 0.6 L/min (95% CI, 0.6–0.6 L/min; P < .0001) for sevoflurane and 0.2 L/min (95% CI, 0.2–0.3 L/min; P < .0001) for desflurane immediately after implementation of the intervention. For sevoflurane, mL/MAC-h decreased by 3.8 mL/MAC-h (95% CI, 3.6–4.1 mL/MAC-h; P < .0001) after implementation of the intervention and decreased by 4.1 mL/MAC-h (95% CI, 2.6–5.6 mL/MAC-h; P < .0001) for desflurane. Slopes for both FGF and mL/MAC-h in the postintervention period were statistically less negative than the preintervention slopes (P < .0001 for sevoflurane and P < .01 for desflurane).

CONCLUSIONS:

A commercial AIMS-based decision support tool can be adopted to change provider FGF management patterns and reduce volatile anesthetic consumption in a sustainable fashion.
Effect of 5% EMLA Cream on Postoperative Sore Throat in Adults Following General Endotracheal Anesthesia: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Murugaiyan Abishek , Sahoo Alok Kumar , Rao Parnandi Bhaskar , Misra Satyajeet
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a distressing complaint in adults after endotracheal intubation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical application of a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream over the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff on the incidence and severity of POST, cough, and hoarseness of voice in adults after surgery.

METHODS:

In this randomized, placebo-controlled study, adult patients 18 to 65 years old, in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, and of either sex were scheduled to receive 5% EMLA cream (intervention arm) or lubricant gel (placebo-controlled arm) applied over the ETT cuff. POST was graded as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). A score of ≥2 was considered as significant POST. The incidence of POST at the sixth postoperative hour was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of POST at 0, second, and 24 hours, and the incidence of significant POST (score ≥2). The incidence and severity of postoperative cough and hoarseness of voice were recorded simultaneously.

RESULTS:

Two hundred and four patients completed the study. The incidence of POST was significantly lower in the EMLA group versus placebo at the sixth postoperative hour (4.9% vs 40.1%; relative risk [RR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.29; P < .001); and at 0 hour (74.5% vs 93.1%; RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7–0.9; P < .001) and second hour (51.9% vs 84.3%; RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.5–0.75; P < .001) but comparable at 24 hours (1.9% vs 3.9%; RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.09–2.67; P = .4). The number needed to treat to prevent POST with EMLA cream application was 5 at 0 hour and 3 at the second and sixth hour. The proportion of patients with significant POST over 24 hours were less in the EMLA group (9.8% vs 43.1%; P < .001). The incidence of postoperative cough and hoarseness of voice was significantly less at the 0, second, and sixth hours in the EMLA group, but comparable at 24 hours. The incidence of severe cough (8.8% vs 31.4%; P < .001) and hoarseness of voice (2% vs 7.4%; P < .001) over 24 hours was less in the EMLA group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The application of EMLA cream over ETT cuff reduces the incidence and severity of POST, cough, and hoarseness of voice in adults after general anesthesia in the early postoperative period compared to lubricant gel.
Characteristics and Outcomes in Pediatric Versus Adult Craniopharyngiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pang Jonathan C. , Chung Dean D. , Wang Jenny , Abiri Arash , Lien Brian V. , Himstead Alexander S. , Ovakimyan Andrew , Kim Michael G. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Craniopharyngiomas account for 1.2% to 4.6% of all intracranial tumors. Although age at presentation is distributed bimodally, with a pediatric peak occurring between 5 and 15 years and an adult peak between 50 and 70 years, presentation, treatment, and outcome differences between these two craniopharyngioma populations have not been thoroughly characterized.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare treatments and outcomes between adult and pediatric craniopharyngiomas.

METHODS:

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were searched for primary studies reporting postoperative complications, functional outcomes, recurrence, and overall survival in patients with craniopharyngioma undergoing surgery.

RESULTS:

The search yielded 1,202 unique articles, of which 106 (n=4,202 patients) met criteria for qualitative synthesis and 23 (n=735 patients) met criteria for meta-analysis. Compared with adult, pediatric craniopharyngiomas were less likely to present with visual defects (odds ratio [OR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.36-0.80) or cognitive impairment (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.71) and more likely with headaches (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.16-3.73). Children presented with significantly larger tumors compared with adults (standardized mean difference 0.68, 95% CI 0.38-0.97). Comparing functional outcomes, pediatric patients sustained higher rates of permanent diabetes insipidus (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.13-2.56), obesity (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.19-8.31), and cranial nerve and/or neurological defects (OR 4.87, 95% CI 1.78-13.31) than adults. No significant differences were found in rates of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, overall or progression-free survival, or recurrence.

CONCLUSION:

Adult and pediatric craniopharyngiomas seem to have fundamental differences in clinical presentation and functional outcomes. These patients frequently require multimodality treatment and are best managed with a multidisciplinary team and an individualized approach.
A novel technique to quantify bone-to-implant contact of zygomatic implants: a radiographic analysis based on three-dimensional image registration and segmentation
Authors: Gu Yuwei , Zhang Dingzhong , Tao Baoxin , Wang Feng , Chen Xiaojun , Wu Yiqun
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to establish a novel, reproducible technique to obtain the BIC area (BICA) between zygomatic implants and zygomatic bone based on post-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Three-dimensional (3D) image registration and segmentation were used to eliminate the effect of metal-induced artifacts of zygomatic implants.

Methods:

An ex-vivo study was included to verify the feasibility of the new method. Then, the radiographic bone-to-implant contact (rBIC) of 143 implants was measured in a total of 50 patients. To obtain the BICA of zygomatic implants and the zygomatic bone, several steps were necessary, including image preprocessing of CBCT scans, identification of the position of zygomatic implants, registration, and segmentation of pre- and post-operative CBCT images, and 3D reconstruction of models. The conventional two-dimensional (2D) linear rBIC (rBICc) measurement method with post-operative CBCT images was chosen as a comparison.

Results:

The mean values of rBIC and rBICc were 15.08 ± 5.92 mm and 14.77 ± 5.14 mm, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between rBIC and rBICc values ([Formula: see text]=0.86, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

This study proposed a standardized, repeatable, noninvasive technique to quantify the rBIC of post-operative zygomatic implants in 3D terms. This technique is comparable to conventional 2D linear measurements and seems to be more reliable than these conventional measurements; thus, this method could serve as a valuable tool in the performance of clinical research protocols.
Species diversity patterns differ by life stages in a pine-oak mixed forest
Authors: Li Yuanfa , Ye Shaoming , Bai Weiguo , Zhang Gongqiao
Published: January 2023

Natural forests comprise trees of different species and sizes, constituting a “biotic framework”. Although examinations of diversity patterns at various spatial scales are frequently conducted, life stages are rarely accounted for. Pine-oak mixedwood forest is widely distributed around the world and constitutes main forest type in the Nanpan River Basin in southwest China. We established a fixed plot with an area of 100 m × 100 m in an undisturbed forest stand and classified trees according to five life stages based on their diameter at breast height (DBH) and height. Then, we calculated eight traditional diversity indices for each life stage. We found that species richness (R), abundance (N), and three diversity indices first increased and then decreased with increasing life stage. As sampling area increased, R, the Shannon-Wiener index (H') and Simpson’s diversity index (D) first increased quickly, followed by a reduced rate of increase, whereas N showed a linear increase and three evenness indices showed gradual decreases. Global Moran’s I values for each diversity index were small, indicating weak spatial autocorrelation. Both R and N of shrubs and saplings decreased sharply with life stage, with only large trees comprising the later life stages. Our results indicate that species diversity patterns in pine-oak forests, particularly in early successional stages, differ among life stages. The changes contribute to the understanding and conservation of forest biodiversity.
Νευρογλωσσολογικές διαταραχές στις μετωποκροταφικές άνοιες
Authors: Μαμουλή Δήμητρα
Published: January 2023

H Μετωποκροταφική Άνοια (ΜΚΑ) αποτελεί ένα κλινικό σύνδρομο που εμφανίζεται με νοητική, κινητική και λεκτική δυσλειτουργία. Στο φάσμα της ΜΚΑ υπάγονται ο συμπεριφορικός τύπος (Συμπεριφορική Μετωποκροταφική Άνοια, ΣΜΚΑ), η Σημασιολογική Πρωτοπαθώς Προϊούσα Αφασία (ΣΠΠΑ) και η Αγραμματική Πρωτοπαθώς Προϊούσα Αφασία (ΑΠΠΑ). Στόχος: Στην παρούσα μελέτη εξετάσαμε αν το SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) μπορεί να διαχωρίσει τους παραπάνω τύπους της ΜΚΑ. Επιπλέον, προσπαθήσαμε να εντοπίσουμε το λεκτικό προφίλ και τις διαφορές που αυτό συνεπάγεται ανάμεσα στις παραπάνω κλινικές οντότητες. Μέθοδοι: 9 ασθενείς με ΣΠΠΑ, 8 ασθενείς με ΑΠΠΑ και 17 ασθενείς με ΣΜΚΑ υποβλήθηκαν σε ACE-R (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised), τεστ ακουστικής κατανόησης, προφορικής έκφρασης, προσληπτικού και εκφραστικού λεξιλογίου, καθώς και δοκιμασίες κλιτικής μορφολογικής ικανότητας και λεκτικής ευχέρειας. Όλοι οι ασθενείς συγκρίθηκαν με υγιείς μάρτυρες. Όλοι οι ασθενείς υποβλήθηκαν σε SPECT με 99m Tc-HMPAO (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime), το οποίο χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως μέτρο της εγκεφαλικής αιματικής ροής. Αποτελέσματα: Οι ασθενείς εμφάνισαν έκπτωση στο ACE-R, αλλά και στα τεστ ακουστικής κατανόησης και προφορικής έκφρασης. Συγκεκριμένα, οι ασθενείς με ΣΠΠΑ είχαν καλύτερη επίδοση στη λεκτική ευχέρεια ανά γράμμα από ότι ανά κατηγορία, αλλά και σημαντική διαταραχή στην ακουστική κατανόηση, στην προφορική έκφραση και στο εκφραστικό λεξιλόγιο. Επίσης, είχαν χαμηλότερη επίδοση στα ανώμαλα ρήματα. Οι ασθενείς με ΑΠΠΑ εμφάνισαν μειωμένη απόδοση στην ακουστική κατανόηση, στο προσληπτικό και εκφραστικό λεξιλόγιο, όχι όμως στην προφορική έκφραση με συνοδό χειρότερη απόδοση στη λεκτική ευχέρεια ανά γράμμα και στον σχηματισμό αορίστου ανώμαλων ρημάτων. Οι ασθενείς με ΣΜΚΑ έδειξαν διαταραχή στην ακουστική κατανόηση, προφορική έκφραση, προσληπτικό και εκφραστικό λεξιλόγιο, ενώ η λεκτική ευχέρεια ήταν αντίστοιχη για τις επιμέρους κατηγορίες. Επιπλέον, εμφάνισαν καλύτερη επίδοση στα ομαλά από τα ανώμαλα ρήματα. Το SPECT αποκάλυψε αριστερή μετωποκροταφική υποαιμάτωση με επέκταση δεξιά μετωποκροταφικά για τους ασθενείς με ΣΠΠΑ. Οι ασθενείς με ΑΠΠΑ εμφάνισαν αριστερή μετωποκροταφική υποαιμάτωση με συμμετοχή της αριστερής βρεγματικής και δεξιάς μετωποκροταφικής περιοχής. Οι ασθενείς με ΣΜΚΑ εμφάνισαν αμφοτερόπλευρη μετωποκροταφική υποαίματωση σε σχέση με τις βρεγματικές και ινιακές περιοχές. Συμπέρασμα: Καταλήξαμε ότι το SPECT βοηθά στη διάκριση ανάμεσα στους τύπους της ΜΚΑ. Τέλος, επιβεβαιώσαμε ότι οι ασθενείς με ΣΜΚΑ εμφανίζουν λεκτικό προφίλ που έχει ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά ανάλογα με τους ΣΠΠΑ.
Διερεύνηση των κοινωνικοοικονομικών επιπτώσεων της κλιματικής αλλαγής στις αγροτικές περιοχές
Authors: Γεωργιλάς Ιωάννης
Published: January 2023

Η γεωργία είναι η κύρια και, σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, η μόνη πηγή εισοδήματος και απασχόλησης στις αγροτικές περιοχές. Η αλλαγή των συνθηκών υπό τις οποίες ασκείται η γεωργία έχει ποικίλες επιπτώσεις στην αγροτική οικονομία αλλά και στην κοινωνική δομή των αγροτικών περιοχών. Η κλιματική αλλαγή έχει πολλαπλές επιπτώσεις στη γεωργική παραγωγή, καθιστώντας αναγκαία την αναδιοργάνωση της αγροτικής παραγωγής σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις. Αυτές οι επιπτώσεις της κλιματικής αλλαγής θα επηρεάσουν επίσης τις οικονομικές και κοινωνικές πτυχές των γεωργικών εκμεταλλεύσεων στις αγροτικές περιοχές. Η παρούσα εργασία επιχειρεί να εντοπίσει αυτές τις επιπτώσεις μετρώντας τον κοινωνικοοικονομικό αντίκτυπο της κλιματικής αλλαγής στο σχέδιο παραγωγής της περιφέρειας Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας. Για το λόγο αυτό, αναπτύχθηκε ένα πολυκριτηριακό μοντέλο για την προσομοίωση αυτών των επιπτώσεων με την εκτίμηση ενός συνόλου επτά κοινωνικών και οικονομικών δεικτών. Το μοντέλο εφαρμόστηκε στη μέση γεωργική εκμετάλλευση που υπολογίστηκε από τις συμμετοχή των κύριων καλλιέργειών της περιοχής στο σχέδιο παραγωγής. Στη συνέχειαχρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος της ανάλυσης σεναρίων σε συνδυασμό με το πολυκριτηριακό μοντέλο για την προσομοίωση των αποτελεσμάτων. Το πολυκριτηριακό μοντέλο προτείνει τροποποιήσεις στο μέσο σχέδιο παραγωγής της μέση γεωργικής εκμετάλλευσης ως αποτέλεσμα των επιπτώσεων της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Τα αποτελέσματα των εφαρμοζόμενων σεναρίων δείχνουν ότι η κλιματική αλλαγή θα επηρεάσει αρνητικά όλους τους κοινωνικούς και οικονομικούς δείκτες και θα συνεχίσει να τους επηρεάζει αρνητικά με την πάροδο των ετών. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν από τους υπεύθυνους χάραξης πολιτικής για να κατανοήσουν τις οικονομικές και κοινωνικές επιπτώσεις της κλιματικής αλλαγής στην περιοχή ώστε να σχεδιάσουν τις μελλοντικές τους πολιτικές για την αποφυγή των αρνητικών συνεπειών της.
Θεαίτητος - Σοφιστής - Πολιτικός
Authors: Θεοδωρούδη Ευαγγελία
Published: January 2023

Υποστηρίζω ότι οι τρεις διάλογοι του Πλάτωνα, Θεαίτητος, Σοφιστής, και Πολιτικός, συνιστούν ενότητα, όχι μόνον από δραματική, αλλά και από φιλοσοφική σκοπιά. Το ενοποιητικό τους στοιχείο είναι η πλατωνική αντίληψη της φιλοσοφίας ως δραστηριότητας που εξελίσσεται στον χρόνο. Η τριλογία αποτελεί μία παραδειγματική αναπαράσταση της εξέλιξης της φιλοσοφίας, η οποία εκδηλώνεται με δύο μορφές. Η πρώτη είναι υπαρξιακή: Η ανάπτυξη των χαρακτήρων αναπαριστά την ιδανική εξέλιξη ενός πλατωνικού φιλοσόφου κατά τη διάρκεια της ζωής του, και ακολουθεί πιστά, τηρουμένων των αναλογιών, την περιγραφή της αγωγής των φυλάκων στο βιβλίο Ζ΄ της Πολιτείας. Η δεύτερη είναι ιστορική: Οι συνομιλητές ανασυνθέτουν και εξετάζουν θεωρίες προγενέστερων και συγχρόνων του Πλάτωνα στοχαστών, αποκαλύπτοντας τις απορίες που οδηγούν στην ανάπτυξη της πλατωνικής διαλεκτικής, ως της μοναδικής μεθόδου που μπορεί να επιτρέψει την περαιτέρω πρόοδο της φιλοσοφικής έρευνας. Οι δύο μορφές εξέλιξης της φιλοσοφίας βαίνουν παράλληλα και αλληλένδετα, και γίνονται εμφανείς μόνον εφόσον η τριλογία αναγνωσθεί ως όλον, δηλαδή ως φιλοσοφικό και, ταυτοχρόνως, λογοτεχνικό έργο.
The impact of anti-inflammatory treatment on the biochemistry and stem cell genetics of atheromatosis
Authors: Μυλωνάς Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2023

Σκοπός: Η απορρύθμιση των μηχανοευαίσθητων βλαστοκυτταρικών γονιδίων είναι κεντρικής σημασίας για την αθηρογένεση. Στο παρόν μοντέλο, χρησιμοποιήσαμε σχήματα κολχικίνης για να περιορίσουμε την de novo αορτική αθηρογένεση σε λευκά κουνέλια Νέας Ζηλανδίας. Εξερευνήσαμε επίσης την επίδραση της θεραπείας σε αθηροπροστατευτικά (KLF4, Klotho, HOXA5, NOTCH1, OCT4) και προαθηρογόνα (HIF1α, SOX2, BMP4, NANOG) γονίδια.Μέθοδοι: Οι μάρτυρες (n=6) και η ομάδα Α (n=6) έλαβαν κλασική τροφή και εμπλουτισμένη σε χοληστερόλη, αντίστοιχα. Οι ομάδες Β (n=8) και C (n=8) τράφηκαν με υπερχοληστερολαιμική δίαιτα και έλαβαν θεραπεία με κολχικίνη συν φενοφιβράτη ή Ν-ακετυλοκυστεΐνη (NAC), αντίστοιχα.Αποτελέσματα: Η ομάδα Α ανέπτυξε εκτενέστερη αθηροσκλήρυνση θωρακικής και κοιλιακής αορτής σε σύγκριση με τις ομάδες Β (p<0.001) και C (p<0.001). Ο συνδυασμός κολχικίνης με NAC προσέφερε ισχυρότερη αθηροπροστασία τόσο στη θωρακική όσο και στην κοιλιακή αορτή. Η ομάδα Α εμφάνισε σημαντικά υψηλότερη έκφραση θωρακικού KLF4 συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες Β (MD: 4.94, 95% CI: 1.11-8.77) και C (MD: 9.94, 95% CI: 6.11-13.77). Ο συνδυασμός κολχικίνης με NAC (MD: 5.00, 95% CI: 1.45-8.54) οδήγησε σε εντονότερη μείωση του θωρακικού KLF4. Εντούτοις, δεν υπήρχε διαφορά στο κοιλιακό KLF4 μεταξύ των μαρτύρων και της ομάδας Α. Οι θεραπείες κολχικίνης ενίσχυσαν εξίσου αποτελεσματικά την έκφραση του παραπάνω γονιδίου. Στη θωρακική αορτή της ομάδας Α, η Klotho ήταν μειωμένη συγκριτικά με τους μάρτυρες (95% CI: 1.82-15.76). Και τα δύο σχήματα κολχικίνης επανέφεραν τη Klotho στα αρχικά επίπεδα (p<0.001). Η κολχικίνη/φενοφιβράτη αύξησε σημαντικά το θωρακικό NOTCH1 συγκριτικά με τους μάρτυρες (95% CI: -8.09 έως -0.48). Η κολχικίνη/NAC μείωσε την έκφραση θωρακικού NANOG σε σύγκριση με μόνο την υπερλιπιδαιμική δίαιτα (95% CI: 0.37-8.29). Στην κοιλιακή αορτή, η υπερχοληστερολαιμική δίαιτα οδήγησε σε σημαντική μείωση του HOXA5 (95% CI: 0.03-2.74) η οποία αναστράφηκε με κολχικίνη/NAC (95% CI: -1.19 έως 1.51). Η κολχικίνη/φενοφιβράτη μείωσε το HIF1α σε σύγκριση με τους μάρτυρες (95% CI: 0.83-6.44). Δεν σημειώθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές όσον αφορά τα BMP4, SOX2 και OCT4.Συμπεράσματα: Η έκφραση των αορτικών βλαστοκυτταρικών γονιδίων επηρεάζεται χωρικά από τη δίαιτα δυτικού τύπου αλλά μπορεί να ρυθμιστεί με σχήματα κολχικίνης. Η υπερλιπιδαιμική δίαιτα προκάλεσε αθηρογένεση της θωρακικής και της κοιλιακής αορτής κυρίως λόγω της μείωσης των α-Klotho και HOXA5, αντίστοιχα. Και τα δύο σχήματα κολχικίνης περιόρισαν την αθηρωμάτωση της θωρακικής αορτής αυξάνοντας την α-Klotho. Στη θωρακική αορτή, ο συνδυασμός κολχικίνης με φενοφιβράτη αύξησε το NOTCH1, ενώ η προσθήκη NAC μείωσε το NANOG. Από την άλλη, στην κοιλιακή αορτή, ο συνδυασμός κολχικίνης με φενοφιβράτη μείωσε το HIF1α, ενώ η προσθήκη NAC ενίσχυσε το HOXA5.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS PROCESSES THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Konovalova Tatyana V. , Shevtsov Yury D. , Nadiryan Sofia L. , Mironova Maria P. , Zhuravlev Mikhail M.
Published: January 2023

With the growth of production volumes of transport products, the effective management of the logistics costs of the enterprise forces us to look for new approaches in the management of enterprise resources. Logistics costs are directly dependent on logistics operations in the supply chain. Optimizing the logistics costs of an enterprise in the new competitive environment involves the search and implementation of innovative solutions in the field of transport technologies. The article discusses the development of methods for improving the efficiency of transport and logistics processes by optimizing the logistics costs of the enterprise, through the optimization of vehicle control systems.

Purpose – development of a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of ISAS.

Method or methodology of the work. The article used mathematical and statistical methods of analysis.

Results. The most informative parameters for evaluating the functioning of ISAS were determined, which should include a calculated assessment of power, economic, environmental and reliability indicators for various control modes or their combinations, as well as for various operating modes.

Scope of the results. Applied research in the field of evaluating the effectiveness of transport and logistics processes; carrying out research work aimed at creating new science-intensive technologies for optimizing transport and technological systems.
About Visual Language, Drunken Women, Jesters and Escaping the World
Authors: Zin Monika
Published: January 2023

Visual communication employs language different than literature. The economy of viewing calls for elements of representation familiar to the viewer, which, when shown in a recurring order, become comprehensible. For us, recognising these elements is often difficult as they can be entirely absent from the literary text. The person of the jester, whose appearance corresponds to the vidūṣaka of the Nāṭyaśāstra, is found frequently in narrative scenes depicted through visual means. His presence often indicates that another figure in the picture is about to withdraw from worldly life. The jester then expresses utter disapproval of his master’s decision. The viewer is able to recognise the meaning of the scene because the jester is shown also in erotic and humorous scenes, perhaps representative of the sensual atmosphere of theatre life, or related to the nāyaka and the vidūṣaka of the Kāmasūtra.
Model-Free Assortment Pricing with Transaction Data
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Cire Andre A. , Hu Ming , Lagzi Saman
Published: January 2023

We study the problem when a firm sets prices for products based on the transaction data, that is, which product past customers chose from an assortment and what were the historical prices that they observed. Our approach does not impose a model on the distribution of the customers’ valuations and only assumes, instead, that purchase choices satisfy incentive-compatible constraints. The uncertainty set of potential valuations of each past customer can then be encoded as a polyhedral set, and our approach maximizes the worst case revenue, assuming that new customers’ valuations are drawn from the empirical distribution implied by the collection of such polyhedra. We study the single-product case analytically and relate it to the traditional model-based approach. Then, we show that the optimal prices in the general case can be approximated at any arbitrary precision by solving a compact mixed-integer linear program. We further design three approximation strategies that are of low computational complexity and interpretable. In particular, the cutoff pricing heuristic has a competent provable performance guarantee. Comprehensive numerical studies based on synthetic and real data suggest that our pricing approach is uniquely beneficial when the historical data has a limited size or is susceptible to model misspecification.

This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.

Funding: This work was supported by the Rotman School of Management (TD-MDAL Research Grant) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants RGPIN-2015-06757, RGPIN-2020-04038, RGPIN-2020-06054, RGPIN-2021-04295].

Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4651 .
Effect of Close Friends Instagram Stories Feature Intensity on Interpersonal Communication Intimacy Levels
Authors: Dwi Setiawan Resdika Anggesa , Chang Jiang
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of the intensity of the Instagram stories feature on the level of intimacy of Interpersonal communication and to find out how the influence of selfopenness on the level of intimacy of Interpersonal communication on Instagram story users on Instagram. The method used is an explanatory method with the positivism paradigm, this is used to examine the extent to which variations in a factor are related to other factors. Then the data analysis technique uses simple linear regression. The results of this study show that t count > from t table which is 3,844 > 2,348 can be interpreted as Ho rejected and Ha accepted. Then the result of the coefficient of determination (R2) showed a number of 0.189, which means that the intensity of use of the close friends feature by some users had an influence of 18.9% on the level of intimacy of interpersonal communication, an influence that was seen to be small and could influence other users to actively communicate while the rest was influenced by other factors that were not included in this study by 81.1%. Thus, this shows that the intensity of the close friends feature has a positive influence on the level of intimacy of interpersonal communication and also the encouragement of self-openness from users of the close friends feature to the selected list of friends in increasing interpersonal communication with other users
EVALUASI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN SELAMA MASA PANDEMI DAN NEW NORMAL DI SD N 2 DALEMAN
Authors: Wibowo Irwan Sanu , Satrianawati Satrianawati
Published: January 2023

Perpindahan pembelajaran yang semula dari pembelajaran daring yang hanya dirumah saja menjadi era new normal atau tatap muka di sekolah menuntut guru untuk memberikan pembelajaran yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana evaluasi peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran selama masa pandemi dan new normal di SD N 2 Daleman.Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Dimana penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk memaparkan hasil penelitian. Penulis mengumpulkan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru sebanyak 2 orang, kepala sekolah dan 10 siswa.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalam hal peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran, guru menggunakan metode blended learning dimana mencampurkan metode tradisional dan digital. Penerapan pembelajaran lingkungan sekitar digunakan dan penggunaan alat peraga untuk mendukung pembelajaran agar siswa lebih memahami materi yang disampaikan. Kepala sekolah rutin melakukan supervisi kepada guru guna meningkatkan kualitas guru dan memberikan kesempatan untuk belajar IT. Masalah yang dihadapi selama pandemi adalah penerapan metode dan media, sedangkan selama new normal guru mengalami kendala dalam membangkitkan semangat belajar siswa.
¿Qué sabemos sobre el manejo y tratamiento del Síndrome Visual Informático?
Authors: Campos Mora Julia
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo es un comentario del artículo: Singh S, McGuinness MB, Anderson AJ, Downie LE. Interventions for the Management of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2022 Oct;129(10):1192-1215. doi: 10.1016/j. ophtha. 2022.05.009
Post-vaccination antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: Correspondence
Authors: Mungmunpuntipantip Rujittika , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: January 2023

Dear Editor, we would like to share ideas on the publication “Post-vaccination antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of workers of a general hospital”(1). In the cohort and with fresh SARS-CoV-2 infections, Sabater Vidal et al. noticed a general decrease in IgG-S and IgG-NP antibodies following the second dosage of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (1). Additionally, Sabater Vidal et al. advocated booster shots, continuing preventative measures, and further research to determine the vaccine's protection threshold(1). We concur that the COVID-19 can boost resistance in research subjects. Recognizing the impact of earlier asymptomatic COVID-19 is crucial, though. Asymptomatic COVID-19 is not unusual, and anyone can have had it in the past(2). It is important to take into account any potential confounding effects from earlier asymptomatic COVID-19 when interpreting the vaccination's effects.
Riesgos musculoesqueléticos en el cultivo del pimiento
Authors: Gómez-Galán Marta
Published: January 2023

Entrevista a Marta Gómez-Galán