bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CERRA, the Copernicus European Regional Reanalysis system
Authors: Ridal Martin , Bazile Eric , Le Moigne Patrick , Randriamampianina Roger , Schimanke Semjon , Andrae Ulf , Berggren Lars , Brousseau Pierre , Dahlgren Per , Edvinsson Lisette , El‐Said Adam , Glinton Michael , Hagelin Susanna , Hopsch Susanna , Isaksson Ludvig , Medeiros Paulo , Olsson Esbjörn , Unden Per , Wang Zheng Qi
Published: May 2024

A regional reanalysis has been produced for a domain covering entire Europe from 1984 to 2021. The reanalysis is produced as part of the Copernicus Climate Change Service. The Service provides the high‐resolution deterministic Copernicus European Regional Reanalysis (CERRA), run at a horizontal resolution of 5.5 km, a 10‐member ensemble run at 11‐km resolution as well as an offline surface analysis, CERRA‐Land. CERRA‐EDA uses an ensemble data assimilation (EDA) technique to perturb the initial condition of the different members. Apart from the horizontal resolution the CERRA and CERRA‐EDA setups are the same; for example, the same data assimilation scheme, same physics parameterization as well as the same vertical levels. These new systems are built from HARMONIE cy40 version, including some back‐phased physics from a newer model version (cy42). Conventional observations, satellite‐based radiances, atmospheric motion vector winds and bending angle from radio occultation observations are used. In addition, ground‐based zenith total delay (ZTD) from global navigational satellite systems (GNSS) and local surface observations, rescued from historical archives at the local National Meteorological Services, are used. Another new feature is the construction of the background error statistics for the data assimilation. Information from the ensemble run, CERRA‐EDA, is used in the derivation of the background error statistics for the high‐resolution CERRA runs. These background error statistics are updated every second day. By doing so, daily environment variation is taken into account as well as all variations over the 37 years of production. The reanalyses and reforecasts from CERRA show an added value compared to the global ERA5 for almost all variables at the surface level. This becomes particularly clear when selecting smaller areas with complex terrain where the high resolution is beneficial. In the free atmosphere it is primarily the analyses and short forecasts, 3–6 hours, that give an added value.
A mass defect–based approach for the automatic construction of peak lists for databases of mass spectra with limited resolution: Application to time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data
Authors: Daoudi Mouad , Nuns Nicolas , Schiffmann Philipp , Frobert Arnaud , Hanoune Benjamin , Desgroux Pascale , Faccinetto Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Rationale

This study has developed a data processing protocol based on mass defect analysis for the automatic construction of unique peak lists addressing the need for the fast and efficient treatment of databases of mass spectra with limited mass resolution.

Methods

The data processing protocol, implemented in MATLAB, is tested on a database of 126 mass spectra obtained from time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of the exhaust of a laboratory diesel miniCAST burner deposited on Ti substrates.

Results

The data processing protocol converts the mass spectra into a data matrix suitable for chemometrics (peak list) by combining mass defect analysis and multivariate analysis. In particular, the role of the mass defect analysis is expanded to improve mass calibration and automate the construction of the peak list.

Conclusions

In this context, mass defect analysis becomes an invaluable technique for the efficient processing of databases of mass spectra with limited mass resolution by allowing the fast and automated construction of a peak list common to all mass spectra, by improving the mass calibration, and finally by reducing the number of molecular formulae consistent with a given accurate mass, thus facilitating the identification of unknown ions.
Alzheimer's disease and herpes viruses: Current events and perspectives
Authors: Pinchera Biagio , Di Filippo Isabella , Cuccurullo Federica , Salvatore Elena , Gentile Ivan
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a real and current scientific and societal challenge. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by a neurodegenerative neuroinflammatory process, but the etiopathogenetic mechanisms are still unclear. The possible infectious aetiology and potential involvement of Herpes viruses as triggers for the formation of extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide (amyloid plaques) and intraneuronal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated and misfold could be a possible explanation. In fact, the possible genetic interference of Herpes viruses with the genome of the host neuronal cell or the stimulation of the infection to a continuous immune response with a consequent chronic inflammation could constitute those mechanisms underlying the development of AD, with possible implications in the understanding and management of the disease. Herpes viruses could be significantly involved in the pathogenesis of AD and in particular, their ability to reactivate in particular conditions such as immunocompromise and immunosenescence, could explain the neurological damage characteristic of AD. Our review aims to evaluate the state of the art of knowledge and perspectives regarding the potential relationship between Herpes viruses and AD, in order to be able to identify the possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms and the possible therapeutic implications.
Zero‐sum game‐based H∞ optimal finite‐time prescribed performance control for nonlinear multiagent systems with actuator faults
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Zhang Linchuang , Pan Yingnan
Published: May 2024

This article proposes an optimal leader‐follower consensus control protocol with finite‐time prescribed performance for nonlinear multiagent systems suffering from the actuator fault based on the zero‐sum game framework. First, to guarantee the specified performance of the system within a finite time frame, a novel error transformation function (ETF) is constructed. The ETF proposed in this paper can adjust the mapping range of error transformation to achieve better error convergence performance, thereby enhancing the flexibility of the controller design. Then, to compensate for the negative impact of actuator fault, an error‐related item is separated from the optimal performance index function to design an online fault estimator, which can obtain a better error estimation accuracy. Furthermore, to lessen the need for difficult‐to‐verify persistent excitation signal in adaptive dynamic programming algorithm, both historical and real‐time data are applied to adjust the updating law of neural network weight. Moreover, it demonstrates that the signals within the closed‐loop system are bounded and the expected finite‐time prescribed performance can be ensured in the presence of faults. Finally, a numerical example of multiple single‐link robots manipulator system is executed to validate the efficacy of the developed scheme.
The reverse Matilda effect: Gender bias and the impact of highlighting the contributions of women to a STEM field on its perceived attractiveness
Authors: Malecki W. P. , Kowal Marta , Krasnodębska Anna , Bruce Bertram C. , Sorokowski Piotr
Published: May 2024

It is often assumed that highlighting the contributions of female researchers to STEM fields may make those fields more attractive to women, thereby encouraging female participation. The present study (n = 802) aimed to test that assumption by investigating the impact of messages highlighting the contributions of women researchers to two STEM fields, (mathematics and biology) on the perception of those fields among high school students and comparing it to the impact of analogous messages concerning three nonSTEM fields. We found that these messages did not encourage women to participate in the respective academic fields, in STEM or otherwise. And more strongly they led both women and men to see that academic field as less interesting and worthy of study. We propose that the effect observed here, and previously not discussed in the literature, is the reverse of the well‐known Matilda effect. If the Matilda effect consists in a tendency to ignore or downplay the academic contributions of women based on the assumption that only men can contribute real value to research, then what we observed in our study is that that same assumption apparently makes people think that if women excel in certain fields, then those fields must be less valuable than others. We also argue that these effects are the result of gender stereotyping that takes what are supposedly male characteristics as better suited for research work than what are supposedly female characteristics. Finally, we suggest how to counteract this reverse Matilda Effect.
A consumer attributions‐based approach for investigating the effect of corporate greenwashing on wishcycling
Authors: Vayona Anastasia , Demetriou Giorgos , Hartwell Heather , Britton Robert , Gillingham Phillipa
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the issue of corporate greenwashing and its impact on consumer behavior, specifically in the context of circular food and beverage packaging. We conducted a survey with 537 participants and utilized Structural Equation Modeling to analyze the relationships between company motives, consumer attributions, perceptions of greenwashing, and wishcycling behavior. Additionally, we explored the moderating effect of core self‐evaluation on the relationship between circular packaging and greenwashing techniques. Our findings highlight the mediating role of consumer perceptions of company motives in the relationship between corporate greenwashing and wishcycling. We also found that consumer personality traits, particularly core self‐evaluation, moderate the relationship between circular packaging and perceptions of greenwashing. These results emphasize the importance of understanding consumer behavior and perceptions in circular environments and policy domains. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and researchers seeking to promote sustainable consumption and mitigate environmental harm in the transition toward a more circular economy.
Hollow g‐C3N4@Ag3PO4 Core–Shell Nanoreactor Loaded with Au Nanoparticles: Boosting Photothermal Catalysis in Confined Space
Authors: Xiao Yawei , Li Haoyu , Yao Bo , Xiao Kai , Wang Yude
Published: May 2024

Low solar energy utilization efficiency and serious charge recombination remain major challenges for photocatalytic systems. Herein, a hollow core–shell Au/g‐C3N4@Ag3PO4 photothermal nanoreactor is successfully prepared by a two‐step deposition method. Benefit from efficient spectral utilization and fast charge separation induced by the unique hollow core–shell heterostructure, the H2 evolution rate of Au/g‐C3N4@Ag3PO4 is 16.9 times that of the pristine g‐C3N4, and the degradation efficiency of tetracycline is increased by 88.1%. The enhanced catalytic performance can be attributed to the ordered charge movement on the hollow core–shell structure and a local high‐temperature environment, which effectively accelerates the carrier separation and chemical reaction kinetics. This work highlights the important role of the space confinement effect in photothermal catalysis and provides a promising strategy for the development of the next generation of highly efficient photothermal catalysts.
Regulating the Critical Intermediates of Dual‐Atom Catalysts for CO2Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Zhou Dingyang , Mu Xueqin , Wang Dingsheng , Liu Suli , Dai Zhihui
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalysis is a very attractive way to achieve a sustainable carbon cycle by converting CO2into organic fuels and feedstocks. Therefore, it is crucial to design advanced electrocatalysts by understanding the reaction mechanism of electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (eCO2RR) with multiple electron transfers. Among electrocatalysts, dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) are promising candidates due to their distinct electronic structures and extremely high atomic utilization efficiency. Herein, the eCO2RR mechanism and the identification of intermediates using advanced characterization techniques, with a particular focus on regulating the critical intermediates are systematically summarized. Further, the insightful understanding of the functionality of DACs originates from the variable metrics of electronic structures including orbital structure, charge distribution, and electron spin state, which influences the active sites and critical intermediates in eCO2RR processes. Based on the intrinsic relationship between variable metrics and critical intermediates, the optimized strategies of DACs are summarized containing the participation of synergistic atoms, engineering of the atomic coordination environment, regulation of the diversity of central metal atoms, and modulation of metal‐support interaction. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of atomically dispersed catalysts for eCO2RR processes are discussed.
Cobalt Phosphide‐Supported Single‐Atom Pt Catalysts for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Li Songqi , Yu Yicheng , Zhang Tianjun , Qu Jiafu , Sun Qiming
Published: May 2024

Ammonia borane (AB) has emerged as a promising chemical hydrogen storage material. The development of efficient, stable, and cost‐effective catalysts for AB hydrolysis is the key to achieving hydrogen energy economy. Here, cobalt phosphide (CoP) is used to anchor single‐atom Pt species, acting as robust catalysts for hydrogen generation from AB hydrolysis. Thanks to the high Pt utilization and the synergy between CoP and Pt species, the optimized Pt/CoP‐100 catalyst exhibits an unprecedented hydrogen generation rate, giving a record turnover frequency (TOF) value of 39911 and turnover number of 2926829 at room temperature. These metrics surpass those of all existing state‐of‐the‐art supported metal catalysts by an order of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of single‐atom Pt onto the CoP substrate significantly enhances adsorption and dissociation processes for both water and AB molecules, thereby facilitating hydrogen production from AB hydrolysis. Interestingly, the TOF value is further elevated to 54878 under UV–vis light irradiation, which can be attributed to the efficient separation and mobility of photogenerated carriers at the Pt‐CoP interface. The findings underscore the effectiveness of CoP as a support for single‐atom metals in hydrogen production, offering insights for designing high‐performance catalysts for chemical hydrogen storage.
Self‐Assembled Molecule‐Assisted Simplified Processing of High‐Performance Solar Cells and Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chang Xueqing , Yang Guo , Tan Ying , Peng Yong , Wu Wu‐Qiang
Published: May 2024

State‐of‐the‐art, high‐performance solar cells and light‐emitting diodes normally rely on tedious layer‐by‐layer sequential deposition of carrier transport layer and light‐absorbing/emitting layers, which is not cost‐effective. Several recent exciting works have demonstrated surprising breakthroughs in terms of simplified processing of these optoelectronic devices. Upon the incorporation of carbazole phosphonic acid molecules and their derivatives into precursor ink beforehand, charge‐selective contact could spontaneously self‐assemble at the buried interface between the conducting substrate and photoactive layer, which results in the construction of simplified‐structured devices that yield comparable optoelectronic performances to the conventionally fabricated devices with full architectures. Herein, the recent groundbreaking advancement of high‐performance optoelectronic devices fabricated via a convenient codeposition technique is summarized, with particular emphasis on elucidating the chemical mechanism of self‐assembly mode and highlighting the unique advantages of this strategy on crystallization regulation, targeted defect passivation, carrier dynamics modulation, and comprehensive device performance improvement. Finally, the associated challenges are critically discussed and the future research directions are insightfully proposed, which can revolutionize the pathway toward constructing highly efficient optoelectronic devices in a cost‐effective manner and setting forward to future commercialization.
Estimation of Temperature Distribution in the Brain Using the Temperatures of Blood Inflow and Outflow for Brain Temperature Control
Authors: Honma Satoru , Wakamatsu Hidetoshi
Published: May 2024

Brain cells can be damaged by higher temperature in the brain, and brain temperature distribution monitoring system is required from the perspective of brain preservation. Brain tissue can be further damaged by direct measurement of temperature using some sensors. Therefore, indirect methods of measuring temperature are required. In this study, we propose a method for estimating the average metabolic rate of the entire brain based on the difference between the observed and estimated blood flow temperatures that can be measured during selective brain hypothermia. Our mathematical simulator can calculate the brain temperature distribution based on the estimated average metabolic rate, taking into account other parameters like heat transfer, metabolic heat of individual tissues, heat‐washout by blood flow, and environmental temperature. The algorithm for estimating the metabolic rate of mathematical master model substituted as a human head is confirmed using the mathematical slave model on the simulator. It is possible to present the temperature distribution by estimating metabolic heat production in the brain, considering the equilibrium between heat wash‐out by the blood flow and heat transfer. In addition, an appropriate initial value of brain temperature enables the accurate temperature management enough for clinical use even in the process of temperature estimation. The development of our proposed method will make it possible to construct a non‐invasive monitoring system that presents the estimated temperature distribution in the brain instead of the conventional invasive method. The new system is expected to be utilized in a various treatments related to some brain disorders. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Maximum Efficiency Tracking of WPT System Based on Frequency Tracking Control
Authors: Zheng Zhongjiu , Wang Yunhe , Zhu Jingwei
Published: May 2024

The parameter variations of magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transmission (MCR‐WPT) system cause frequency splitting and resonant frequency shift, which lead to the system detuning and reduce the transmission efficiency. To solve the problems, a frequency tracking control method based on the phase difference between the primary‐side voltage and the secondary‐side current (Frequency Tracking Control‐the primary‐side voltage and the secondary‐side current, FTC‐PS) in this paper. According to the characteristics that the phase difference between the voltage of transmitting side and the current of receiving side is not affected by frequency splitting, the phase difference is controlled at 90°, so that the system can achieve the maximum transmission efficiency under the condition of frequency splitting and resonant frequency shift. The experimental results show that the method can make the system always work at the natural resonant frequency when the parameters change, and the transmission efficiency is not affected by the frequency splitting phenomenon. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sodium arsenite impairs sperm quality via downregulating the ZMYND15 and ZMYND10
Authors: Li Xiangli , Shen Kaina , Yuan Dunxuan , Li Xi , Quan Jinrou , Tian Fangzhou , Yang Yan , Zhang Li , Wang Junling
Published: May 2024

Zinc finger MYND‐type containing 15 (ZMYND15) has been documented to play important roles in spermatogenesis, and mutants contribute to recessive azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, non‐obstructive azoospermia, teratozoospermia, even male infertility. ZMYND10 is involved in sperm motility. Whether environmental pollutants impair male fertility via regulating the expression of ZMYND15 and ZMYND10 has not been studied. Arsenic exposure results in poor sperm quality and male infertility. In order to investigate whether arsenic‐induced male reproductive toxicity is related to the expression of ZMYND15, ZMYND10 and their target genes, we established a male rat model of sodium arsenite exposure‐induced reproductive injury, measured sperm quality, serum hormone levels, mRNA and protein expressions of intratesticular ZMYND15 and ZMYND10 as well as their target genes. The results showed that, in addition to the increased mRNA expression of Tnp1, sodium arsenite exposure reduced sperm quality, serum hormone levels, and mRNA and protein expression of intratesticular ZMYND15 and ZMYND10 and their target genes in male rats compared with the control group (p < .05). Therefore, our study first showed that the environmental pollutant arsenic impairs sperm quality in male rats by reducing the expression of ZMYND10 and ZMYND15 and their regulatory genes, which provides a possible diagnostic marker for environmental pollutants‐induced male infertility.
Personalized medicine in China: An overview of policies, programs, and actions in China
Authors: Di Marcantonio Marzia , Beccia Flavia , Maio Alessandra , Wang Lili , Wang Wenya , Ricciardi Walter , Boccia Stefania
Published: May 2024

Background

Over the past decade, the ascent of personalized medicine (PM) has catalyzed pivotal transformations in healthcare systems on a global scale. Recognizing its crucial importance, the European Commission has prioritized PM within its research directives, allocating funding for international collaborative projects, such as the “Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine” (IC2PerMed) project, which aims to facilitate China's integration into the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine (ICPerMed). This research presents the delineation and examination of existing policies governing PM in China, describing the regulatory framework that encompasses PM within the country.

Methods

PubMed, Baidu.com, Google Scholar, Google, and Microsoft Academic as well as official repositories of national and international institutions, were searched to find publications and information pertaining to policies, programs, and action plans concerning PM in China in English and Chinese language. This search encompassed both national and local perspectives and covered documents published until December 2023.

Results

Sixteen policies, 18 programs, and 11 actions in China on both national and local base addressing PM approaches and themes were identified. The policies mainly focused on genetics and human genetic resources management, and big data and data security requirements. China's strategic plans and programs emphasized PM's integration into national health strategies, mostly through 13th 5‐year plans and special plans. Finally, the action plans focused on specific applications of PM. The Health and Family Planning Commission and National Health Commission standardized molecular testing, physician approval, and clinical use of antitumor drugs.

Discussion

In recent years, China has implemented a variety of policy measures to address healthcare challenges, focusing on personalized treatment for an aging population. Despite increased government spending, challenges persist, including rising out‐of‐pocket payments and regional disparities. China is heavily investing in PM, utilizing extensive health datasets and diagnostic technologies. China has prioritized technological innovation and large‐scale data collection. While disparities exist between China and Europe, both aim to integrate PM insights into clinical practice for better healthcare outcomes.
Privacy Considerations in Archival Practice and Research
Authors: Windon Katrina , Youngblood Joshua
Published: May 2024

Privacy considerations are woven throughout archival practice, from the acquisition and stewardship of archival collections to the generation and retention of patron request records. Drawing on scholarship from archival theorists and practitioners, as well as recent case studies and their own professional experience, the authors present a broad overview of the ethics and practice of privacy throughout the archival life cycle. At each stage, archivists seek a balance between sensitivity to the rights and well-being of creators and subjects and responsibility to researchers and the access mission. For archivists, privacy protections are not about secrecy or exclusivity, but about an ethics of care. Decisions made by archivists related to privacy have broad societal implications related to the understanding of history, the accountability of those in power, the availability of information, and the agency of creators and communities. We approach privacy from two complementary perspectives in archival practice—that of a collections manager and processing archivist working with creators, donors, and their archival collections to determine what privacy considerations may need to be addressed, and that of a reference and instruction archivist, working with students and researchers whose use of archival collections generates data that has its own privacy concerns.
Data Governance, Privacy, and Ethics
Authors: Schubert Karl D. , Barrett David
Published: May 2024

With the ever-increasing focus on artificial intelligence and use of nearly infinite information (data) available from an almost infinite number of sources (private, public, and government data bases; the web, etc.), understanding data governance, privacy, and ethics surrounding the availability and use of data is more important than ever. Nearly every day, new data breaches by and effecting individuals and organizations come to light. Nearly every day, new uses for data are envisioned and the ethical considerations around collection, storage, and use of these data are yet to be clearly thought out. The need for data governance to protect privacy and ensuring the ethical use of data is clear and there are many challenges to effectively define and implement effective data governance policies. And these must be implemented through legal and regulatory frameworks to be effective and enforceable. In this chapter, we will examine these topics including the challenges implementing effective data governance policies, the legal and regulatory frameworks governing data privacy and ethics, and a look to the future.
Storytelling as a Catalyst for Climate Change Communication and Empowerment
Authors: Wang Hua , Coren Emily
Published: May 2024

In this introductory chapter, we use storytelling as an umbrella term for any type, form, genre, and practice of narrative communication. After briefly reviewing the current scientific understanding of climate change, recent public opinions about the issue, and the international community’s efforts, we point out three critical and interrelated gaps in climate change communication and articulate how narrative strategies, especially entertainment-education for social and behavior change, can effectively inspire and mobilize individuals and communities worldwide to engage in climate action and empowerment.
Climate Fiction to Inspire Green Actions: A Tale of Two Authors
Authors: Baden Denise , Brown Jeremy
Published: May 2024

Many works of ‘climate fiction’ have a tendency to depict an apocalyptic future that imagines a planet in dystopian collapse. While hope is that such cautionary tales will prompt constructive behavior change, unintended consequences can occur leaving some audiences feeling defensive, hostile, or overly anxious. In contrast, there is a body of evidence indicating that stories and characters that model positive solutions to climate change are more likely to inspire audiences to imitate the fictional role models. This positive approach is shared by the authors of this chapter—Denise Baden in her rom-com Habitat Man and Jeremy Brown (and team) in the comic series The Renegades: Defenders of the Planet. This chapter draws on their experience to offer advice to creative writers within climate fiction. While there are differences in the depiction of gentle versus radical solutions, both authors advocate the need for stories that generate a sense of agency, hope, and courage.
Three Ways to Introduce More Stories of Climate Action into Climate Change News Reporting
Authors: Whitwell Joe
Published: May 2024

Traditional types of climate change news reporting can overwhelm, depress, and disempower readers. In this chapter, I propose three approaches to introduce more climate action-based storytelling to complement the traditional climate change news reporting. Firstly, we can tell these stories from across the newsroom and not just rely on the “science” or “climate” team. Secondly, we can engage with audiences to gather and share their own examples. Finally, we can take a systematic approach to incorporate stories of climate action at scale, by using technologies such as natural language templates that are reducing the cost of producing content while enhancing data-driven hyperlocal news reporting to promote human response and community engagement.
Community-Based Resilience: The Influence of Collective Efficacy and Positive Deviance on Climate Change-Related Mental Health
Authors: Cosentino Maya , Gal-Oz Roni , Safer Debra L.
Published: May 2024

Climate change threatens not only physical well-being but also the mental health of individuals and communities. This chapter aims to provide examples and useful tools to create climate resilience in order to reduce harmful climate change-related mental health impacts. After reviewing the effects of climate change on health, the authors highlight the importance of social connection and resilience as mental health resources. The chapter then discusses how community-based resilience can be cultivated through social identity (i.e., perceiving oneself as belonging to social groups), collective efficacy (i.e., people’s shared beliefs about their group’s capability to accomplish collective tasks), and positive deviance (i.e., a behavior-change approach that amplifies the successful actions of existing community members). In addition, the chapter explores the potential for local, intentional community building to serve as an effective strategy to improve resilience. Finally, the specific examples of Cool Block and the Transition Town movement (e.g., Eco Vista) model how communities can effectively support climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience strategies.
Exploring Climate Science in the Metaverse: Interactive Storytelling in Immersive Environments for Deep Learning and Public Engagement
Authors: Spiegel Stacey , Wang Hua
Published: May 2024

Climate science can be too complex for the general public to understand. By sharing several exemplary projects in this chapter, I hope to demonstrate how combining interactive storytelling in immersive environments with simulation, games, telepresence, social learning, and govies (a blend of movies with games) can provide mass audiences a deep learning experience about the natural world and issues related to the climate crisis. This approach offers participants extraordinary opportunities as scientific explorers to investigate real-world problems, present scientific information through live broadcast and pre-rendered videos projected on immersive cinema screens, and access media resources through individual touchscreen terminals and AI-driven voice-controlled interactions to participate in real-time group discussions in a shared space – physical and virtual – simultaneously. The metaverse is here, and the technological and social features of these immersive experiences hold tremendous value for public engagement with science education and climate communication.
Bird’s Eye View: Engaging Youth in Storying a Survivability Future through Performance and Interspecies Friendship
Authors: Osnes Beth , Hackett Chelsea , McDermott Molly T. , Safran Rebecca Jo
Published: May 2024

Bird’s Eye View is an art-science, informal learning project for youth engagement in storying our way beyond the climate crisis. The project is situated within the larger Side by Side initiative at the University of Colorado and was designed to lead a group of Boulder youth in observing and embodying birds through puppetry, costumes, and movement within multiple outdoor settings. Integral to this approach was the integration of equity and inclusion into environmental preservation. In this chapter, we share moments and highlights of our time spent alongside youth and birds in Side by Side during the summer of 2021. We connect this experience to the broader questions we face as a field: How can we create the rapid and lasting shifts needed to ensure our collective futures through creative climate narratives that can inspire action? How can we disrupt current ways of being and hierarchical models through interdisciplinary approaches? How can we story a new future? We offer our core findings as guideposts for our future work and for the collective efforts of all who work in informal learning spaces. Our findings center on the importance of fostering a sense of belonging through narratives of interspecies friendship that are created and performed by youth as a form of climate communication.
What We Need Now to Accelerate Climate Solutions through Storytelling
Authors: Coren Emily , Wang Hua
Published: May 2024

In this concluding chapter, we emphasize that the climate crisis deserves the use of all tools at our disposal to achieve the recommended mitigation and adaptation goals. Effective communication strategies are necessary to accelerate climate solutions at the required speed, scale, and scope, and they can be designed and implemented based on decades of research in behavior science. We elaborate on storytelling as a climate change communication and action strategy and highlight the power of narratives for social and behavioral change through popular entertainment. We especially advocate for the more rigorous approach of entertainment-education for social impact with better alignment across interdisciplinary partnerships, social objectives, narrative contents, communication platforms, linked resources, and program evaluations. Finally, we provide a tiered model with recommendations for actionable next steps to accelerate climate solutions.
Kembali Ke Hutan (Return to the Forest): Using Storytelling for Youth Engagement and Climate Action in Indonesia
Authors: Garg Ankur , Godfrey Anna , Eko Rosiana
Published: May 2024

Known as the “Lungs of the World,” Indonesia has some of the world’s highest proportion of forests and biodiversity. However, it also has one of the world’s largest carbon footprints, owing to the development needs and land use changes. BBC Media Action’s Kembali Ke Hutan (Return to the Forest) project aims to engage the millennials on the sustainable development challenges the country faces, help them to make informed choices, and create platforms to have their voices heard. To achieve this, we have co-produced an award-winning TV drama #CeritaKita (Our Story) with a companion social media discussion series Ngobrolin #CeritaKita (Chatter—Our Story), created a social media brand AksiKita Indonesia (Our Action), and partnered with media and civil society organizations for community engagement and capacity strengthening. This chapter outlines the project objectives, presents the program strategy, and details how research shaped the creative process. It also shares the planned evaluation.
Rhythm and Glue: An Entertainment-Education Prototype for Climate Communication
Authors: Coren Emily
Published: May 2024

This prototype of entertainment-education protocols is adapted for mainstream American audiences for climate change mitigation. The example demonstrates how entertainment-education can be used for creating community adaptation and resilience in supporting rapid transitions for sustainability. Using a narrative approach for climate communication, theRhythm and Gluestory emphasizes personal and collective efficacy, including layered examples of how climate change is already affecting the health of Americans. In the serial comedy drama,Rhythm and Glue, a Los Angeles community humorously learns to collaborate, sharing their skill sets to build a better city. Slapstick, romantic entanglements, and career advancement anchor the story, while real-time audience participation drives engagement with climate topics. Audience participation facilitates engagement increasing the capacity of existing climate mitigation programs. Each season presents an overarching climate change issue. Season One focuses on transportation transitions and the current health impacts of climate change, with subsequent seasons addressing; energy, water, food, and waste. The show highlights the realities of climate change facing residents of the United States and presents realistic solutions and behaviors that citizens can take to mitigate those effects, for themselves and their communities.
LOLs: Secret Weapon Against CFCs and CO2?
Authors: Gurney Celia , N’Diaye Mamoudou
Published: May 2024

Read This Chapter If You Do Not Want to Get F**ked

The climate crisis is serious, confusing, and has a lot of words people don’t understand. But everybody understands comedy! So, how do we weave these two very different fields together? Well, we don’t have to—it’s already happening. This chapter gives a brief overview of the history of entertainment-education; highlights research that demonstrates the efficacy of comedy as a communication strategy; details how various creators are using comedy to break down barriers to understanding how completely f**ked we are if we fail to build a more inclusive, justice-oriented clean energy economy; and explains what the climate change comedy field needs to move forward. If being completely f**ked is not on your agenda or the agenda of the future generations in your family, please read this chapter and join these collective efforts. Increased support and engagement could open doors for more mass media outlets, shows, and other entertainment projects to improve accessibility for the climate justice movement and invite more allies into it.
Introduction
Authors: Valarini Elizangela , De Oliveira Vanessa Elias , Trombini Maria Eugenia , Pohlmann Markus
Published: May 2024

The fight against corruption in Brazil has crossed national borders since 2014, gaining worldwide visibility with Lava Jato Operation, or Car Wash. This is due not only to the amount of money surrounding illegalities committed by political parties and representatives, elected or not, but also because large companies and businessmen were involved in a huge corruption scheme relating money and politics. The involvement of politicians and executives from several countries was also a hallmark of this corruption scandal. In addition, their confrontation involved an extensive effort by international anti-corruption agencies to track and recover the money of the Brazilian State. Like other Western democracies, Brazil was neither immune to misconduct and nor were its institutions ineffective in detecting it and pursuing legal accountability.
Compliance Implementation Challenges in the Shadow of Corporate Cime: A Case Study of Odebrecht S.A
Authors: Jorge Mario Helton
Published: May 2024

When it comes to corporate crime, recent studies show that bribe givers are usually high-ranking, well-educated, and well-paid managers, which undertake risks in the name of the company and generally orientated toward growing and achieving results as a unit with the company. Until there is some sort of accountability, illegal actions are seen as useful to the organization and themselves. Corporate Crime encompasses the supply-side of corruption, which is associated with a firm’s interaction with the public sector, with cases of grand corruption, in contrast to petty corruption, being the most commonly studied, given its high-profile.
Oxidative Phenolic Coupling Reaction/Aza-Michael Reaction Strategy for the Synthesis of Complex Polycyclic Alkaloids
Authors: Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of alkaloids featuring fused polycyclic frameworks has long attracted the interest of synthetic organic communities, owing to their great structural complexity and wide variety of biological activities. Indeed, a variety of strategies for synthesizing these alkaloids have been investigated over the years. Here, we present our innovative strategy for tahe construction of complex fused polycyclic frameworks via oxidative phenolic coupling reaction and subsequent regioselective intramolecular aza-Michael reaction. We illustrate its practical application in synthetic studies of amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and hasubanan alkaloids.
Total Synthesis of Amycolamicin
Authors: Meguro Yasuhiro , Enomoto Masaru , Kuwahara Shigefumi
Published: May 2024

Amycolamicin (also called kibdelomycin) produced by two species of soil actinomycetes is a potent antibiotic against a broad range of drug-resistant bacteria with a novel binding mode to bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases and with no cross-resistance to existing antibacterial agents. The unique hybrid molecular architecture of amycolamicin attracted interest of many synthetic organic chemists and three total syntheses have been reported so far. In this chapter, we describe our total synthesis of amycolamicin in detail, which features a nucleophilic addition of a vinyllithiun reagent to an α-siloxy-β-alkoxy ketone to afford a tertiary alcohol as a single diastereomer, a highly diastereoselective intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of a tetraenal with an unprotected hydroxy group to construct a trans-decalin unit incorporated in amycolamicin, an exclusively stereoconvergent N-acylation of an anomeric N-glycoside mixture bearing a cis-fused bicyclic carbonate system, and the exploitation of the cyclic carbonate as a vicinal diol protecting group and also as a masked β-hydroxy carbamate structure. Additionally, two other total syntheses accomplished by the Li and Baran groups as well as syntheses of partial structures of amycolamicin hitherto reported are also outlined in brief.
Convergent Total Synthesis of Hikizimycin: Development of New Radical-Based and Protective Group Strategies
Authors: Fujino Haruka , Inoue Masayuki
Published: May 2024

Hikizimycin (1) is an architecturally complex nucleoside antibiotic with potent anthelmintic and antibacterial activities. Its unique 4-amino-4-deoxyundecose core (hikosamine) includes a C1–C11 linear chain with ten contiguous stereocenters flanked with nucleobase (cytosine) and 3-amino-3-deoxyglucose (kanosamine) at the C1 and C6O positions, respectively. These structural features make its chemical construction exceptionally challenging. This chapter describes our successful efforts leading to convergent total synthesis of 1 from three hexose derivatives (5b, 11-β, and 12) and bis-TMS-cytosine 6. First, efficient one-step construction of hikosamine core 7-α was achieved by devising a novel radical coupling reaction between α-alkoxy telluride 10d-α and aldehyde 8c, which were derivatized from 11-β and 12, respectively. At this stage, the importance of the specific protective group pattern of 10d-α and 8c was revealed for stereoselective C5(sp3)–C6(sp3) coupling. By taking advantage of strategically introduced protective groups, 6 and 5b were regio- and stereoselectively installed on 7-α to produce protected hikizimycin 36b. Finally, the three amino and ten hydroxy groups of 36b were detached in a single step to furnish 1. Consequently, the newly developed radical-based and protective group strategies allowed us to achieve total synthesis of 1 from 11-β in 17 steps.
A Chemo-enzymatic Approach for the Rapid Assembly of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids and Their Analogs
Authors: Tanifuji Ryo , Oguri Hiroki
Published: May 2024

The utilization of enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions to construct highly functionalized skeletons in a single step could expedite the total synthesis of natural products and allow more precise control of chemo-, regio-, stereo- and enantio-selectivity while minimizing the use of protecting groups. In this chapter, we describe the development of a chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthetic process for a series of complex antitumor natural products, the bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids. The approach integrates the precise chemical synthesis of hypothetical biosynthetic intermediates with an enzymatic one-pot conversion to assemble the intricate pentacyclic scaffold, enabling the efficient total synthesis of saframycin A, jorunnamycin A, and N-protected saframycin Y3. We exploited synthetic substrate analogs to implement a versatile chemo-enzymatic synthetic approach to generate variants of THIQ alkaloids, by systematic modification of the substituents and functional groups. Subsequent chemical manipulation allowed the expeditious total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Section 7.2 discusses the biosynthesis of THIQ alkaloids, while Sect. 7.3 shifts the focus to chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthesis. Section 7.3.1 examines the impact of long-chain fatty acid side chains on enzymatic conversions by SfmC. In Sect. 7.3.2, the conversion efficiencies of substrates with ester or allyl carbamate linkages replacing amide bonds are sequentially addressed. Sections 7.3.3 and 7.3.4 delve into the chemo-enzymatic total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Finally, Sect. 7.3.5 discusses prospective expansion of the substrate scope for broader synthetic applications.
Documenting the Past, Sustaining the Present, Making the Future
Authors: Chow Yiu Fai , de Kloet Jeroen , Schmidt Leonie
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter positions Hong Kong as a unique case to rethink the intricate relationships between politics and popular music in the wider context of the globalised times where collective collection and creative practices are increasingly connected and mutually constitutive. It does so by first presenting to the readers Tat Ming Pair, an electronic duo formed in 1980s, during the so-called Golden Era of Cantopop in colonial Hong Kong. Commercially successful and critically acclaimed—thus regularly and currently censored in mainland China—for their engagements with social and political issues, Tat Ming Pair remains active and relevant especially through their live concerts in the last decade. Chapter 1 will elucidate why an inquiry taking the duo as its lynchpin serves to address the central question: How (far) does music impact on politics, and how (far) does politics impact on music? We will then expand our ideas of writing pop and politics in tandem with writing the past, the present and the future—interlaced with a colonial and post-colonial account of Hong Kong, a rally to resilience and activism, and a dialogue with hope and future, all very makeshift. After outlining the theoretical underpinning, this introduction continues to align our inquiry to the growing body of scholarship that seeks to de-Westernise popular music studies, a field of knowledge production persistently dominated by Anglo-Saxon experience and publications. Finally, this unusual attempt to tease out the empirical and theoretical potentials of one single popular music formation in a book-length study, covering not only its creative output (music) but also the production and reception aspects, will be put forward as a methodological intervention, a possible alternative approach to study popular music. The introduction ends with presenting the organisation logic of the book and the gist of the subsequent chapters.