bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the public intellectual in higher education in South Africa: the socially engaged research scholarship of Lungisile Ntsebeza
Authors: Bam-Hutchison June
Published: July 2024

This article is based on the author’s reflections on the close research working relationship she was privileged to have with Lungisile Ntsebeza at the Centre for African Studies at the University of Cape Town between 2013 and 2022. Ntsebeza’s work shows what socially engaged research could look like at universities in Africa and what this could mean for helping organic revolutionary intellectuals to forge knowledge partnerships with the oppressed and exploited on pertinent issues of justice in post-colonial contexts. How could such methodologically engaged work help us to build more equal and democratic societies through unwavering scholarly rigour, which also involves doing the risky intellectual work in often messy, seemingly contradictory, and difficult everyday contexts? How could we bring marginalised historiographical knowledges to the centre, and why do they matter? Most admirable is Ntsebeza’s profound respect for the knowledge and insights offered by oppressed, unemployed, landless and exploited people of all backgrounds in difficult, conflictual but unavoidable dialogues. Ntsebeza sees all people, in the Gramscian sense, as ‘intellectuals’ who hold important and relevant ideas born out of everyday struggle. These ideas are sacrosanct, ‘organic to everyday life’, and ‘a collective and democratising force’ (Boggs 1979, 15).
Effect of Al Dope with ZnO Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPs 1-D Simulation
Authors: Yusuf Abubakar Sadiq , Ramalan Abubakar Muhammad , Abubakar Ahmed Alhaji , Mohammed Isah Kimpa , Ibrahim Sharifat Olalonpe , Adamu Firdausi Erena , Ahmadu Umaru , Isah Kasim Uthman
Published: July 2024

Perovskite solar cells have shown exceptional performance and significant advancements in solar cell efficiency. For perovskite solar cells to conduct electrons and generate current, one of the key components is the substance known as the electron transport layer (ETL). Using the SCAPS 1D modelling program, ZnO: Al was used in this instance as the ETL material in a perovskite solar cell. Because of its interaction with the perovskite material, the ZnO: Al ETL demonstrated high cell efficiency. The performance of the ZnO: Al-doped-based solar cell achieved a PCE as high as 23.5%. In the meanwhile, the greatest cell performance in terms of enhancing the charge transport mechanism and raising cell efficiency was shown by perovskite solar cells doping the ETL with Al and having the right layer thickness. Thus, throughout the manufacturing process, the parameters used in this study may serve as a guide.
The Study of Lead-Free CH3NH3GeX3 (X=F, Cl, Br, I and At) for Optoelectronic Applications Using First-Principle
Authors: Abdulsalam Hassan , Abdullahi Tahir
Published: July 2024

Organometallic perovskites, with their exceptional electric, magnetic, piezoelectric, and optical properties, are prominent in materials science research. The environmental and health concerns associated with lead-based perovskites have spurred the search for lead-free alternatives, such as methylammonium germanium halides. This study investigates the optical and electronic properties of organometallic perovskite materials, focusing on methylammonium germanium halides (CH3NH3GeX3, where X = F, Cl, Br, I, At). Using computational methods, the analysed properties including band gap energies, dielectric constants, extinction coefficients, optical conductivity, absorption coefficients, reflectivity, refractive indices, and lattice constants. The results show a decreasing trend in band gap energies from 3.987 eV (CH3NH3GeF3) to 0.821 eV (CH3NH3GeAt3), indicating weaker bonding interactions with larger halide ions. Lattice constants increase from 4.981 Å (CH3NH3GeF3) to 6.068 Å (CH3NH3GeAt3), reflecting the larger ionic radii of the heavier halides. CH3NH3GeI3 displayed the highest dielectric constant, demonstrating a strong response to external electric fields. Extinction coefficients were significant within the 0 to 10 eV frequency range, with CH3NH3GeI3 showing the highest values. Optical conductivity peaked in CH3NH3GeI3, suggesting its potential for photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. The absorption coefficients indicated strong visible range absorption for CH3NH3GeI3. Reflectivity analysis revealed that CH3NH3GeF3 and CH3NH3GeCl3 had higher static reflectivity, suitable for applications requiring minimal reflection, whereas CH3NH3GeI3 exhibited minimal reflection, beneficial for high-efficiency photovoltaic cells. The refractive index analysis showed that CH3NH3GeI3 had the highest static refractive index, indicating significant optical density and light-slowing capabilities. These findings highlight the relationship between halide substitution and the optical properties of organometallic perovskite materials, providing insights for tailored technological applications.
Investigation of Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity of a Geological Material (Clay) in Some Parts of Ilorin West Local Government, Kwara State
Authors: Egbeyale Godwin B. , Ajani Adegbenro S. , Adekunle Mufutau J.
Published: July 2024

The cost and availability of electrical components have been a major challenge to Nigerian scientists and engineers. Thus, this study aimed at investigating geological material (clay) to alleviate the challenge facing the field of science and engineering. The study determined the electrical resistivity and conductivity of a geological material from three different locations in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State: Egbejila, Oko-Erin and Baboko. The samples were sieved, molded into cylindrical form and dried. Thereafter, their electrical properties were determined using electrical method. The resistance of the samples was determined from the voltage-current (V-I) graph. Consequently, the resistivity was determined by using sample’s resistance, area and length. The conductivity was calculated from the reciprocal of resistivity. The electrical resistivity and conductivity of the samples from Egbejila, Oko-Erin and Baboko were 0.0850 Wm and 11.7647 (Wm)-1, 0.0924 Wm and 10.822 (Wm)-1, and 0.0251Wm and 39.841 (Wm)-1 respectively. The result obtained from the study showed that the geological material (clay) can be used as alternative material for industrial (based) resistor, the study further reduced the stress, cost, and non-availability of resistors’ importation and thereby our locally made geological material can be used as a substitute.
Statistical Tests of the Relativistic Beaming Indicators of jetted AGNs and Implication for the Revised Blazar Sequence
Authors: Iyida Evaristus U. , Onah Costecia I. , Eya Innocent O.
Published: July 2024

The latest detection by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) of strong relativistic jets of very high-energy (VHE, above 100 GeV) from the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies (NLS1s) has opened a new unified scheme of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in which jetted Seyfert galaxies are viewed as counterparts to a subclass of AGNs. In this paper, we report a systematic investigation of the revised blazar sequence using the γ-ray Doppler factor () and the radio core-dominance parameter (R) of AGN samples of NLS1s and blazar subtypes of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lac objects (BLs). Furthermore, we explore the γ-ray properties of NLS1s and blazar subtypes in the context of the blazar unification scheme at different scales. The main results are as follows: (a) The average values of R and γ-ray luminosity () of our sample agree with the sequence BLs – FSRQs – NLS1s and provide quantitative explanations for the observed relativistic beaming effects in these objects. (b) Through a parameter t-test and non-parametric K-S test with chance probability p <10-3, we find that the distributions of R and Lγ for NLS1s and the blazar subtypes are not significantly different. (c) There is a regular positive trend (r > +0.79) in the variation of Lγ –  data from BLs to NLS1s through FSRQs which is consistent with the prediction of the revised blazar sequence. These results imply that NLS1s could fit very well into the conventional blazar sequence.
Analysis of Morphological and Elemental Composition in Rice, Beans, and Groundnut Husk
Authors: Idris Adamu , Kimpa Mohammed Isah , Mustapha Rabiu , Abubakar Ahmad Alhaji
Published: July 2024

The morphological characteristics and elemental composition of these agricultural products provides insights into their nutritional value, chemical properties, and potential industrial applications, contributing to advancements in food science, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. The comprehensive analysis of the morphological and elemental composition of three widely consumed agricultural products: rice, beans, and groundnut husk as a partial substitute for sand due to its high content of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and other elements when properly controlled. Transforming them into practical materials in order to reduce their detrimental impact on the environment. An equal weight of 50 g of Rice husk, 25 g of bean husk, and 25 g of groundnut shell were measured out of 100 g of untreated samples and oven dried at 1000C for 4 hours. The samples were the crushed to fine particle and sieve, which was burned at a temperature of 5500C in an electric furnace for 4 hours. The result obtained microscopic techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Disperse X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to observe the surface and element presence in RBGH.  The result among other things shows that untreated RBGH atomic concentration of Si is 65.79%, K is 16.01.53%, P is 5.14%  Ca is 3.36% and Mg is 3.35%  respectively, and the SEM shows that it has a porous cellular structure and consists of irregular-shape particles. The findings shed light on the potential industrial applications of these agricultural byproducts
Evaluating the Dielectric Characteristics of Tissues: A Relationship Between Low Frequency Range and Dryness
Authors: Orkaa M. Stephen , Bello Aisha Ademoh , Dlama Joseph Zira , Ewuga Ulu Jamus
Published: July 2024

The electromagnetic modeling of the human body requires basic parameters, which are characteristics of biological tissues. This review aims at assessing the dielectric characteristics of tissues at varying frequency, temperature and noting the dehydration effect. Using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome: PICO as an evidence base practice formula, the review question, “Will exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields modify the dielectric characteristics of tissues with moisture content much from those that are not exposed?” was broken into key concepts to aid in the search for articles. Findings about the dielectric properties of biological tissues were investigated, taking into account a number of pertinent factors such as the tissues under examination, their temperature, their frequency range, and their level of dryness. Using search engines like Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Science Direct, a preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow chart illustrates how publications within the last two decades plus were found and reviewed. The review's findings highlighted several of the study's weaknesses, including the dehydration effect; scant or not reported and the frequency, where there has been less research conducted at lower frequencies. It was also observed that a low database on dielectric characteristics was typically present in some tissues, regardless of their sensitivity level. Lastly, research that is critical to the development of human body modeling in the future is reviewed
Tuning the Topo-Morphological properties of ITO Films using Al-Ag interlayer for Low-Resistance Optoelectronics Devices
Authors: Isiyaku Aliyu Kabiru , Isah Mustapha , Aliyu Muhammad Munnir , Tanko Aliyu Yakubu , Abdulkadir Auwal , Ali Ahmad Hadi
Published: July 2024

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is recently attracting intense attention for application as transparent conducting electrode in different optoelectronic devices including solar cells, liquid crystal displays and organic light emitting diodes. This is attributed to their high optical transmittance in the visible region and good electrical conductivity. In this work, surface topological-morphological (topo-morphological) and electrical properties of ITO based multilayer films with aluminum-silver (Al-Ag) metal interlayer (ITO/Al-Ag/ITO) are investigated after post annealing treatment at 300-500oC by atomic force microscopic (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), four-point probe and hall-effect techniques respectively. The ITO/Al-Ag/ITO films are deposited by direct current and radio frequency magnetron sputtering techniques on p-type Si at room temperature. The results showed a smooth surface topology by as-deposited film with films smoothness improving after post annealing treatment as analyzed by AFM method. Sharp crystallites peaks were obtained by all the films with smaller peaks diffusing and recombining to form larger films with increasing post-annealing temperature. The films root means square roughness increased as the temperature increases with film annealed at 500oC showing a superior and enhanced microstructure. Compared to as-deposited film, careful observation shows that surface morphology smoothness increased with increase in temperature with films annealed at 400oC and 500oC showing highest increasing surface smoothness pattern as determined by FESEM technique. Similarly, higher grain sizes are observed especially by films annealed at 400oC and 500oC due to the heat absorption which causes the particles to expand thereby narrowing the grain boundaries and subsequently improve the surface smoothness. These FESEM findings are consistent with AFM measurements confirming the high surface property and enhanced grain size with increasing post annealing temperature. The films exhibit decreased electrical resistivity and sheet resistance while carrier concentration and Hall mobility increased with increasing post annealing treatment indicating highest corresponding values of...
Radiation Doses and Risk Assessment Due to Water Intake at Oyo Town, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajibade Olumuyiwa Michael , Olisa Olusegun Gbenga , Olabamiji Aliu Olayinka , Adesiyan Adedayo Abdullahi
Published: July 2024

From the long standing nature of water usage, water has been has had a significant impact to all great development. Potable water has been recognized as the water intended for human consumption for the purpose of research and other human activities. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified 230Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, 232Th, 228Ra, 40 K and 228Th as naturally occurring radionuclide contaminants in water and a possible threat to human existence. This work evaluated the activity concentration of natural radionuclide in ground water, examine radiation doses and the threat due to water intake from Oyo town using a 5 cm × 5 cm solid NaI(Tl) gamma-ray  spectrometric manufactured by ORTEC and coupled to a Digital-based multi-channel analyzer (MCA). From the results, 92.5 per percent of 40K, 87.5 per cent of 226Ra and 95 of 232Th was greater than the IAEA safe limit of 1.00 Bql−1limit. The average value of an annual effective dose for adults was 0.17±0.06 mSvy−1 and 0.43±0.17 mSvy−1 for children. Cancer risk assessment was obtained to 2.98 x 10−3 compared to ICRP recommended value of 8.4 × 10−3. Health risk implication resulting from consumption of water from the study area poses no health concern, no artificial radionuclide was detected and the chance of cancer occurrence resulting from drinking water from the study area is stochastic. It is recommended that caution should be taken on the fertilizer application on the farm land. Further research is recommended on the radioactivity measure of the soil and food crops grown in the study area.
Surface Energy Calculation for FCC Metals with Negative Cauchy’s Discrepancy using the GEAM
Authors: Oni-Ojo A. A. , Aiyohuyin E. O.
Published: July 2024

The three low-index surfaces of fcc metals with negative Cauchy’s discrepancy, strontium (Sr) and Iridium (Ir) are here investigated using the generalized embedded-atom method (GEAM), a model developed by Oni-Ojo et al. (2007) and the corresponding surface energies calculated. The low-index surface energies studied are: ,  and , with having the lowest and having the highest energy value. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Comparison of Inter-atomic Pair Potential Curves of different GEAM iterated values for Sr and Ir
Authors: Oni-Ojo A. A. , Aiyohuyin E. O.
Published: July 2024

In this study, the inter-atomic pair potential curve of Sr and Ir are compared with the potential curve of Rose et al. (1984) using the values predicted in our earlier study (The surface energy calculation for fcc metals with negative Cauchy’s discrepancy using the GEAM), utilizing an EAM model developed by Oni-Ojo et al. (2007) that ha demonstrated efficacy in predicting the low index surface energies of Sr and Ir, both of which have negative Cauchy’s discrepancy.
Impact of Metals Scrap Yard on the Presence of some Heavy Metals Concentration within Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Abdulsalam S. , Bajoga A. D. , Dala H. A.
Published: July 2024

The Metal scrap yards play a crucial role in the recycling and reuse of metals, contributing significantly to the economy and conservation of natural resources. However, the processing and storage of metal scraps can lead to the release of heavy metals such as lead, chromium and cadmium, into the environment. The presence of heavy metals in metal scrap yards poses a significant risk to nearby communities, workers and the environment, also causing air and water pollution, soil contamination, and health problem. Study of impact of metals scrap yard on the presence some of some heavy metals in soil samples was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Top soil sample were collected from eight metals scrap yards and their corresponding control areas.  One gram (1 g) each of the soil samples was digested and then heated slowly and steadily, the solution appears colorless. The samples were allowed to cool and ready for analysis. The result obtained was, the mean elemental concentration element was of the order ofMn (41.022±41.202)> Cu (4.416±4.274) >Pb (2.685±1.399) > Mg (0.500±10.122) > Cr (0.460±0.187) > Cd (0.125±0.027) > Co (0.04±0.000)> Ni (0.000±0.000).  The comparison of the elemental concentration of the heavy metals of  (Mn, Mg, Cu, Pd, Cr, Cd, Co and Ni) in the study area ware shows the metal scrap yard has impact in the presence of heavy metals in soil. In addition, the Contamination factor (CF), and Pollution load index (PLI) of each trace element in soil of the study area and their respective control area were all < 1 which implies that they all have low contamination factors, less polluted and low contaminated.
Fiscal Decentralization and Educational Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: -un-Nisa Mehr , Ghafoor Naghmana
Published: July 2024

A large number of countries are transferring financial, administrative, and political powers to the local governments. In Pakistan, devolution reforms were launched through the Local Government Ordinance in 2001. This research investigates whether the higher autonomy of district governments could improve education outcomes in their respective districts or not. The Generalized Methods of Moments is employed for a panel of 34 districts of Punjab province, Pakistan, during 2003-2015. The results reveal that fiscal decentralization improves education outcomes in Punjab province of Pakistan. The enrolment in primary school is a measure of education outcome and improved in the districts of Punjab. In addition, the decentralization process during Pervez Musharraf's regime could not change the structure of the economy as a whole. Therefore, decentralization of the education sector in all provinces is suggested to reinforce the benefits of fiscal decentralization.
Stereotypical Perceptions, Self-Silencing, Psychological Distress, and Emotional Regulation among Unmarried Women in Pakistan
Authors: Akram Wasim , Bashir Tahira , Mumraiz Attiqa , Iqbal Humera
Published: July 2024

In Pakistan, marriage is a fundamental social institution crucial for a woman's perceived security and success. Societal stigmatization of unmarried women significantly contributes to their psychological distress, negatively affecting their social, educational, and professional lives. This study utilized a quantitative method based on cross-sectional survey research. Data were collected from 250 unmarried women aged 30 and above, using a purposive sampling technique with self-report questionnaires including the Negative Stereotyping of Single Person Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Self-Silencing Scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Self-report questionnaires were used alongside a demographic sheet detailing characteristics such as age, education, family structure, birth order, and number of siblings. The findings revealed significant positive correlations between negative stereotypical perceptions of psychological distress, self-silencing, and emotional regulation. Psychological distress showed a significant positive correlation with self-silencing but a non-significant correlation with emotional regulation. Self-silencing exhibited a significant negative correlation with emotional regulation. The study reveals a strong link between negative stereotypes and psychological distress in unmarried women, who often experience inferiority complexes, diminished moral confidence, and psychological suffering due to societal discrimination. Self-silencing is a crucial mediator, exacerbating these issues. However, emotional regulation can moderate these effects, promoting better mental health among unmarried women.
Navigating the Digital Landscape: A Framework Between Chatbot Marketing Efforts and Brand Loyalty
Authors: Asim Zara , Raees Bisma , Qamar Hiba , Manzoor Rijaab , Nisar Asma
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the influence of Chatbot Marketing Efforts (CME) on brand loyalty, with a focus on the mediating roles of credibility, accuracy, system quality, and fulfillment quality. The study delves into the evolution of artificial intelligence in marketing, emphasizing the transformative role of AI, particularly in the rise of chatbot-based digital solutions. It addresses the need to understand how chatbot agents, along with mediating variables such as accuracy, credibility, system quality, and fulfillment quality, replicate the role of traditional service agents and impact brand loyalty. The research also aims to fill the gap in understanding the effects of chatbot marketing efforts in the Asian region, focusing specifically on Pakistan. A quantitative study was carried out, and one-shot, cross-sectional data was collected through questionnaires from a sample of 230 respondents. The target population was particularly from Lahore because it consisted of a lot of variation in terms of age and social status, increasing the authenticity of responses. Convenience sampling was used to reach out to customers who were already using chatbots. Once the data was collected, it was run through SPSS using Process Hayes Mediation Model 4. The findings of the conducted analysis supported five proposed hypotheses. These were: CME is positively associated with brand loyalty, credibility mediates the positive relationship between CME and brand loyalty, accuracy mediates the positive relationship between CME and brand loyalty, system quality mediates the positive relationship between CME and brand loyalty, and lastly, fulfillment quality mediates the positive relationship between CME and brand loyalty. These hypotheses emphasize the practical implication of the study and the potential for organizations in Pakistan to enhance brand loyalty among digitally engaged consumers by leveraging chatbot marketing strategies. Investing in the training and development of chatbot agents emerges as a crucial step to enhance their performance and improve customer interactions.
Foodscape of Pakistan: A Qualitative Investigation of Intentions, Themes and Social Realities in Food Vlogging
Authors: Khuram Miral , Noor Rabia
Published: July 2024

This qualitative research paper delves into the captivating world of Pakistani food vloggers, investigating the profound how’s and whys behind their use of social media platforms to generate and share delectable food-related content. With a focus on comprehending the underlying intentions that drive these vloggers in creating their culinary masterpieces, the study conducted in-depth interviews with four renowned food vloggers: Adeel Chaudhry, Foodies by Ashir, Saqib Mobeen, and Hamza Haram. Employing thematic analysis as the core methodology, the research unveils the captivating reality crafted by food vloggers through their interactions with the audience. It draws inspiration from the symbolic interactionist perspective and the sociological theories of George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer. Within the intricate tapestry of these culinary journeys, three prominent themes emerge foodscapes, media influence, and psychological tools. This pioneering research not only offers profound insights into the domain of food vlogging and marketing but also presents a novel perspective on how individuals in the digital age construct their social realities through dynamic interactions with their followers. As this study uncovers the artistry behind the culinary creations and the strategic utilization of social media, it paves the way for further research and exploration in this enthralling realm of food vlogging.
Decentering Narratives: A Deconstructive Exploration of Contingent Identities and Ruptured Realities
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Zaheer Fareeha , Khalid Fiza
Published: July 2024

The ongoing study examines the concept of contingent identities and the fragmented reality in Exit West (2017) through the deconstructive lens. The deconstruction theory holds that language and power structures generate meaning rather than being intrinsic. Employing this paradigm, the research will examine how Hamid depicts people whose identities are in flux, owning to migration, conflict, and the mythical aspect of magical doors, such as Nadia and Saeed. Examining the ruptured realities people encounter as they cross geographical lines and explore imaginative novel settings will further highlight the deconstruction of established identities. The study's objective is to present a powerful lens for understanding the fragmented identities of expatriates in foreign lands. It also reveals the inflictions of fixed identities and exposes the significant confluence of migration on our perceptions.
Examining the Impact of Capital Structure and Board Diversity on Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Afzal Rabia , Riaz Aisha
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between capital structure, board diversity, and firm performance among KSE-100 index firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. We use a panel data approach and STATA MP-14 to analyze the impact of two capital structure measures (debt-to-equity ratio and debt-to-total assets) and three board diversity measures (female representation, female executive presence, and male executive presence) on three financial performance indicators (firm size, firm age, and return on equity). Our findings reveal a significant positive association between debt financing and female board representation, as well as a positive relationship between capital structure and female executive presence. However, we find an insignificant and negative relationship between capital structure and managerial ownership. This study contributes to the existing literature on corporate governance and capital structure by highlighting the importance of board diversity in emerging markets. Future studies can build on our findings by exploring the relationship between capital structure and board diversity in other developing countries and comparing the results to identify potential variations.
Investigating Task-Oriented Leader’ Behavior in Public and Private Universities to Establish the Structure of Quality Improvement
Authors: Fatima Alvi Gulshan , Habib Musarrat , Sittar Khadija
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to ascertain if task-oriented leaders' behavior and the establishment of structures to improve the caliber of universities are correlated. Furthermore, this research also assessed the disparity in the quality improvement framework between public and private universities and the variation in task-oriented leadership behavior shown by leaders in these universities. The survey comprised 369 participants, including Punjab's heads of departments, faculty deans, and directors of quality improvement cells drawn from public and private universities, as well as those accredited by the Higher Education Commission (HEC). Task-oriented leaders' behavior was assessed using the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ), while universities' quality improvement progress was gauged using the Institutional Performance Questionnaire (IPQ). The independent sample t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to examine the data. According to the research, leaders at public universities are more task-oriented than private ones. Furthermore, the study showed that private universities had better quality improvement structures than public universities. The results of this study indicate that enhancing the quality of universities may benefit from a task-oriented leadership style.
Sino-Pak-US Triple Axis and Deterrence to India
Authors: Iqbal Noreen , Farooq Hassan , Shafiq Sumaira
Published: July 2024

Pakistan, China, and the US are three prominent nuclear states having significant profiles as Pakistan, a distinguished State in the Islamic world, occupies a complex and significant geostrategic position and atomic capability with the latest missile system located at the confluence of central, South Asia and the Middle East sparkling with multidimensional and substantial maritime boundaries which entitled as warm waters. China, the neighbor of Pakistan, is the world’s most populous nation, twinkling as a fast-emerging nation that holds globally second-leading economic power and great military, diplomatic, and financial power. The veto power in the United Nations Security Council further enhanced Chinese distinction. Whereas, the United States of America is diplomatically, militarily, strategically, and economically the biggest global power, occupying the world’s largest economy and maintaining international influence in prospects of geostrategy and geo-economics. Pakistan is always wrapped in complicated international politics with dynamic regional security, directly or indirectly, due to its geostrategic location and prominent membership in the Islamic world. These prospects are regular ultimate challenges for its rival neighbor India and successful deterrence. This paper is an attempt to highlight strategic ties with Pakistan and their implications. It will explore how the US reacts to Sino-Pak ties and how the Indo-US nexus will harm Pakistan and create regional instability.
Identification of Major Maintenance Issues in Public Sector Universities of Sindh (Pakistan)
Authors: Soomro Ubedullah , Jaffer Memon Muhammad , Ahmed Memon Nafees , Hassan Memon Mujtaba , Ahmed Memon Mansoor
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the detrimental effects of maintenance issues on public-sector universities in Pakistan. Budgetary constraints, staff shortages, and political interference are common factors that contribute to the decline of both physical infrastructure and academic standards. These issues significantly hinder the quality of education and research within these institutions. While existing literature acknowledges the challenges faced by Pakistani universities, a gap exists regarding sustainable building maintenance practices. This research aims to address this gap by focusing on public universities within Sukkur City. Through a combination of surveys and data analysis, the study seeks to identify the prevalent maintenance issues within the universities of Sukkur, Sindh. The findings from this research demonstrate nine major maintenance issues, out of which fading or peeling paint on walls and ceilings is at the top; second is plumbing system issues affective water quality; and third is a lack of proper waste management and disposal systems. Ultimately, this study underscores the critical need for enhanced maintenance practices in Pakistan's public-sector universities. By ensuring a well-maintained infrastructure, these institutions can foster a more conducive learning environment, leading to improved academic performance and stakeholder satisfaction.
Impact of Derivative Trading on Stock Market Volatility: Empirical Evidence from Emerging Markets
Authors: Fazal Farrukh , Tufail Muhammad , Faheem Ullah Muhammad , Iqbal Junaid
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the impact of derivative trading on stock market volatility in emerging markets. We analyzed data from 10 emerging markets over 15 years (2005-2020) using a panel data approach. The research employed GARCH(1,1) models to estimate volatility and conducted difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis to assess the effect of derivative introduction. Additionally, we used Granger causality tests to examine the directional relationship between derivative trading and volatility. Results indicated that introducing derivatives significantly reduced stock market volatility (β = -0.0023, p < 0.01). This effect was more pronounced in markets with higher liquidity (interaction β = -0.0012, p < 0.05) and better regulatory frameworks (interaction β = -0.0015, p < 0.05). Granger causality tests suggested a unidirectional relationship, with derivative trading Granger-causing reduced volatility (F = 7.234, p = 0.002). Furthermore, GARCH persistence analysis revealed decreased volatility persistence post-derivative introduction across all sample markets. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of derivatives in financial markets and have important implications for policymakers and market regulators in emerging economies.
Navigating the Ethical and Legal Landscape of Artificial Intelligence in Global Governance: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Iqbal Qaiser , Khan Dalir , Salis Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is like teaching a computer to think for itself. It can then make its own decisions. Think about using AI to make big government decisions. It's exciting, but there are also big questions about what's fair and the right way to do things. We need to take a hard look at the right way to use AI, making sure it's fair when it makes choices for us. We studied all the good things AI can do and the trouble it could cause, especially for people in charge. Our research covers many areas like learning, business, and healthcare, even in creating special treatments for health problems. The study shows AI might change a lot of things in big ways. But to make sure AI does its job well, we need to set some clear rules. It's important to understand AI, care about fairness, and work together to make these rules. When making these rules, we have to focus a lot on fairness, being open about how things work, and letting everyone have a say. This is super important to make sure AI helps us in the best way possible.
Effectiveness of Learning Economics Based on Digital Literacy in Grade VIII First High School Students State 17 Makassar
Authors: Andi Sumarlin K  , Andi Muchlis Sirajuddin  , Kristiani
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif pendidikan ekonomi yang diberikan kepada siswa di kelas VIII Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 17 Makassar yang menggunakan literasi digital. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif, seperti studi kasus, dan data dikumpulkan melalui observasi pasif, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan ekonomi berbasis literasi digital dapat dicapai dengan baik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 17 Makassar, meskipun terdapat beberapa tantangan. Pembelajaran berbasis literasi digital berperan penting dalam pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 17 Makassar. Hal ini mencerminkan semangat siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, dan mengembangkan literasi digital siswa.
TINGKAT POPULARITAS (BRAND AWARENESS) DAN KESUKAAN TERHADAP GROUP BAND DEWA 19 MENURUT GENERASI-Z (GEN-Z) DI KAWASAN SOLO RAYA
Authors: Kusharsanto Adhika Prasetya
Published: July 2024

Musik adalah salah satu Budaya Pop yang menjanjikan dari sisi bisnis dan ekonomi. Kehebatan produk musik juga dapat diukur dari kesuksesan komersial. Salah satunya adalah Grup Band Dewa 19. Kesuksesan Band asal Surabaya yang sudah berkarier sejak tahun 1992 menembus batas zaman dan generasi. Dewa 19 pun hingga saat ini (Tahun 2024) masih aktif mengadakan konser di berbagai panggung dengan rentang penonton Generasi X, Generasi Y (Milenial), dan Generasi Z (Gen-Z). Untuk menguji tingkat popularitas Band Dewa 19 di mata Gen-Z dilakukan penelitian kepada Para Siswa SMA dan SMK di beberapa lokasi di Solo Raya. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 45 orang, dan menggunakan metode Wawancara dengan beberapa pertanyaan sederhana. Hasilnya, 37 Responden (82%) menyatakan mengenal dan menyukai Dewa 19, bahkan bisa menyebutkan dan menyanyikan lagu-lagu Dewa 19, dan sebanyak 8 (delapan) atau 18% orang menyatakan tidak mengenal dan tidak menyukai Band Dewa 19. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat Popularitas dan Kesukaan Gen-Z di Solo Raya terhadap Dewa 19 adalah sebesar 82%. Di mana hal ini berarti Dewa 19 sangat dikenal dan disukai Generasi Z di Solo Raya.
IMPLEMENTASI INTERNET MARKETING DENGAN MENERAPKAN ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) PADA SENTRA SUSU SAPI SUMBAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PHP DAN DATABASE MYSQL
Authors: Saputra Ade
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang perancangan sistem pakar menggunakan metode AHP dan Topsis untuk mendiagosa keruskan rem mobil Toyota yang didukung dengan database MySQL dan bahasa pemprograman PHP. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada Cempaka Mobilindo Padang  dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem lama yang digunakan tidak efektif disebabkan proses yang dilakukan memakan waktu dan tempat sehingga membuat kinerja pegawai yang kurang efisien. Setelah dilakukan penelitian pada Cempaka Mobilindo Padang dengan cara mengumpulkan data-data dengan metode wawancara dan metode lainnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem informasi yang digunakan masih belum optimal. Oleh karena itu dilakukan rancangan desain ouput, desain input, desain file dan aliran program dari sistem yang baru. Hasil dari analisis tersebut diterapkan ke dalam suatu program aplikasi sistem pakar. Sistem informasi baru yang dirancang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas informasi dan kinerja di masa yang akan datang
PENINGKATKAN LITERASI DAN NUMERASI SISWA UPT. SD NEGERI 03 PERKEBUNAN SIPARE-PARE MELALUI KEGIATAN EDU-FUN DAY
Authors: Nisa Khairun , Utami Liza , Viyana Gita , Astria Mega , Purba Nadia Fitriana , Handayani Widya
Published: July 2024

Kegiatan "Edu-Fun Day" diselenggarakan oleh mahasiswa Kampus Mengajar angkatan 7 untuk meningkatkan literasi dan numerasi siswa UPT. SD Negeri 03 Perkebunan Sipare-Pare melalui aktivitas interaktif. Program ini mencakup kegiatan Tangga Numerasi, Teka-Teki IPA, PJOK Numerasi, Prakarya Literasi (Mini Book), dan Majas Metafora. Pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi beberapa tahapan: sosialisasi kepada siswa, guru, dan orang tua; pelatihan untuk mahasiswa pengajar; penerapan teknologi dalam pembelajaran; pendampingan dan evaluasi berkala; serta penyusunan rencana keberlanjutan program. Hasil pelaksanaan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa. Sebelum kegiatan, hanya 30% siswa mencapai tingkat literasi dasar dan 25% siswa mampu menyelesaikan soal numerasi dasar. Setelah kegiatan, angka ini meningkat menjadi 70% untuk literasi dan 65% untuk numerasi. Motivasi belajar siswa juga meningkat, ditunjukkan dengan kenaikan kehadiran sebesar 40% dan partisipasi yang lebih aktif dalam kelas. Program ini juga meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya pendidikan dan partisipasi orang tua serta masyarakat dalam kegiatan sekolah. Keberhasilan program ini menunjukkan pentingnya integrasi teknologi dan metode pengajaran interaktif dalam pendidikan dasar. Untuk keberlanjutan, disarankan adanya pelatihan berkelanjutan bagi guru dan peningkatan keterlibatan orang tua. Dengan beberapa perbaikan, program ini diharapkan dapat terus memberikan manfaat yang lebih besar di masa depan.
Estado del arte de Contadores Bidimensionales utilizados para la Implementación de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos conectados a la Red
Authors: Muñoz Chinguercela Byron Gerardo , Trujillo Ronquillo Danilo Fabricio , Morales Tamayo Yoandrys
Published: July 2024

Este artículo presenta una revisión exhaustiva del estado del arte de los contadores bidimensionales utilizados en la implementación de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados a la red. La investigación abarca el período de 2019 a 2024, analizando los avances tecnológicos, tendencias de adopción, desafíos y oportunidades futuras. Se observa una evolución significativa en la precisión de los contadores, alcanzando un 99.98% en 2024, junto con mejoras sustanciales en las tasas de muestreo y funcionalidades avanzadas. La adopción global muestra un crecimiento constante, liderado por Europa y Norteamérica, aunque con disparidades regionales notables. La integración con sistemas de gestión de energía y tecnologías emergentes como Blockchain e inteligencia artificial está transformando la gestión de redes eléctricas. Se evidencia una mejora en la viabilidad económica, con una reducción en los costos de los contadores y tiempos de retorno de inversión más cortos para sistemas fotovoltaicos. Los desafíos pendientes incluyen la estandarización, la gestión de datos masivos y la equidad en el acceso a la tecnología. El estudio concluye que los contadores bidireccionales son componentes decisivos en la transición hacia sistemas energéticos más descentralizados, sostenibles y centrados en el consumidor, jugando un papel fundamental en la evolución de las redes eléctricas inteligentes y la democratización del acceso a la energía limpia.
Análisis de eficiencia energética de un edificio público, caso de estudio: bloque B UTC
Authors: Palomo Allauca Joel Javier , Pazuña Naranjo William Paul , Corrales Bonilla Johnatan Israel
Published: July 2024

Este estudio analiza la eficiencia energética del Bloque B de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), un edificio público en Ecuador. Mediante una combinación de auditoría energética y mediciones in situ, se evaluaron los sistemas eléctricos y patrones de consumo energético del edificio. Los resultados revelaron un desbalance significativo entre las fases en el tablero principal, con una diferencia del 16.7% entre la fase de mayor y menor carga, superando el límite recomendado del 5%. Se observaron voltajes fase-neutro entre 105V y 108V en tomacorrientes normales, y entre 203V y 212V en tomacorrientes de aire acondicionado, indicando una regulación inadecuada para estos últimos. La frecuencia se mantuvo estable entre 59.4 Hz y 60 Hz en todo el edificio. El análisis destaca la necesidad de redistribuir las cargas eléctricas, mejorar la regulación de voltaje en los sistemas de aire acondicionado y optimizar la eficiencia energética general del edificio. Este estudio contribuye a llenar el vacío de información sobre eficiencia energética en edificios públicos en Ecuador y proporciona una base para implementar mejoras que reduzcan el consumo energético y las emisiones asociadas.
Desafíos que Abarcan la Integración de Sistemas Solares Fotovoltaicos a la Red Eléctrica por Medio de un Medidor Bidireccional
Authors: Fonseca Vallejo Alejandro Washington , Trujillo Ronquillo Danilo Fabricio , Morales Tamayo Yoandrys
Published: July 2024

Este estudio analiza los desafíos que enfrenta Ecuador en la integración de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos a la red eléctrica mediante medidores bidireccionales. La investigación revela un crecimiento exponencial en la capacidad instalada de sistemas fotovoltaicos distribuidos entre 2019 y 2023, aunque la penetración del 0.8% aún es baja comparada con otros países de la región. Se identificaron barreras técnicas como incompatibilidad con sistemas existentes, problemas de interoperabilidad y capacitación insuficiente, así como obstáculos administrativos incluyendo procesos burocráticos complejos y falta de políticas claras. Los aspectos económicos, particularmente los altos costos iniciales, siguen siendo una barrera significativa. El análisis de tres empresas eléctricas ecuatorianas mostró disparidades en la adopción de medidores bidireccionales, reflejando diferencias en recursos y prioridades. El marco regulatorio actual proporciona una base importante, pero enfrenta desafíos en su implementación práctica. Se concluye que un enfoque holístico y coordinado es necesario para abordar simultáneamente los aspectos técnicos, regulatorios, económicos y sociales, acelerando así la transición hacia un sistema eléctrico más sostenible y resiliente en Ecuador.
Program Sosis Education (Sosial Sex) dan Janar (Jauhi Narkoba)
Authors: Hongky Hongky , Adity Muhammad Fresdy , Muliani Sri , Tisi Wanda Ceisara Monica Hinut , Manto Oniq Ayu Dhea , Fetrriyah Umi Hanik , Rahman Subhannur , Irawan Angga
Published: July 2024

Masa remaja menjadi salah satu tahapan penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Secara psikologis, remaja masih belum stabil sehingga sering melakukan segala sesuatu dengan dasar coba-coba. Pendidikan seks di kalangan remaja masih sangat tabu untuk dibahas, begitu pula dengan bahaya narkoba. Akibatnya, remaja tidak memiliki informasi yang cukup mengenai kedua hal tersebut. Hal ini kemudian berdampak pada munculnya keinginan remaja untuk mencoba dan dapat membahayakan generasi penerus bangsa. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi mengenai seksualitas dan bahaya narkoba, terutama pada remaja. Kegiatan ini kemudian dilakukan dengan member penyuluhan yang disertai dengan diskusi interaktif. Antusiasme peserta dalam kegiatan ini cukup baik, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan-kegiatan serupa masih sangat perlu untuk dilakukan.
Transport technologies in modern conditions, volume 1
Authors: Grytsenko Natalia ,   Non-Government Organization ", Pashenko Heorhii , Prymachenko Hanna , Tarasov Kyrylo , Tokarenko Anastasiia , Shelekhan Hanna ,   Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine",   Non-Government Organization "Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine",   Non-Government Organization "Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine",   Non-Government Organization "Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine",   Non-Government Organization "Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine",   Non-Government Organization "Academy of Technical Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: July 2024

У монографії доведено ефективність підвищення якості управління рухом приміських пасажирських поїздів, обґрунтовано формування сучасної технології контейнерних перевезень, досліджено технологію організації міжнародних контейнерних перевезень, розглянуто питання організації і управління мультимодальними перевезеннями за участю залізничного транспорту, розглянуто формування альтернативних маршрутів пасажирських поїздів за допомогою апарату генетичних алгоритмів та питання підвищення ефективності сортування вантажних вагонів на сортувальних станціях за допомогою сучасних цифрових технологій, а також шляхи удосконалення міжнародних вантажних перевезень залізничним транспортом у сучасних умовах.