bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-tissue atlas of allelic-specific expression reveals the characteristics, mechanisms, and relationship with dominant effects in cattle
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Xu Lei , Liang Xiaoyun , Li Letian , Huang Xixia , Chen Qiuming
Published: January 2025

Background
Allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis is a crucial tool for validating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), identifying causal variants associated with complex traits, and investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying heterosis. In this study, we characterized ASE variants across 35 tissues using 7,532 publicly available RNA-seq datasets. Additionally, we explored the mechanisms driving ASE through integration with epigenomic data and examined the relationship between ASE and dominance effects on gene expression and milk-related traits in Holstein cattle.
Results
ASE variants exhibited stronger tissue specificity and lower reproducibility compared to eQTLs. Interestingly, variants with opposite directional effects demonstrated greater resilience across diverse environments. Functional annotation revealed that ASE variants were predominantly located in enhancer regions during transcription, rather than promoter regions. Furthermore, ASE variants were implicated in post-transcriptional and translational processes, including mutations affecting mRNA splicing and triggering nonsense-mediated decay. Analysis of eQTLs, splicing QTLs (sQTLs), and validated QTLs associated with milk-related traits in Holstein cattle, coupled with enrichment analysis in QTL databases and effect size evaluation, indicated that ASE variants were more closely aligned with dominant effects than additive effects, particularly in reproductive and immune-related tissues/traits, which exhibited higher levels of heterosis.
Conclusions
Our findings not only enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying heterosis and ASE formation but also provide a valuable resource of regulatory variants that can be leveraged to improve economic traits through molecular breeding or the strategic exploitation of heterosis.
Instability-Induced Crystal Self-Assembly in Film-Substrate System for the Construction of Large-Area Micro- and Nano-Chiral Structures
Authors: Shi Xinghua , Wang Fushuai , Yuan Quanzi
Published: January 2025

Chiral supramolecular self-assembly structures exhibit distinct properties that significantly surpass those of achiral structures, with broad applications in optoelectronics, medicine, biomimetics, and interfaces. However, due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation and cross-scale transmission of supramolecular chirality, the controlled construction of chiral supramolecular structures at mesoscopic/macroscopic scales remains a major challenge. Here, we present a method based on Instability-Induced Crystal Self-Assembly (IICSA), where external shear triggers instability in ibuprofen supramolecular films, leading to the transformation of ibuprofen from a disordered state in the film to large-area, ordered chiral supramolecular structures consisting of lamellar and left-/right-handed fiber combinations via crystallization. Based on the two-dimensional film model, both direct visualization and active control of the self-assembly dynamics of the chiral supramolecular structures are achieved. The influence of surface/interface effects, geometry effects, and solid-liquid interactions on the self-assembly dynamics is revealed through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental analysis. It has been demonstrated that mechanical instability plays a crucial role in the appearance and subsequent evolution of chiral supramolecular structures. Furthermore, the application of these chiral supramolecular structures in modulating wettability has been explored, showing a significant impact on controlling the liquid contact angle. This study not only provides new insights into the mechanisms of supramolecular chirality generation and cross-scale transmission but also offers a novel approach to the controllable construction of mesoscopic/macroscopic chiral supramolecular structures.
Zero-inflated Poisson Regression Analysis of Determinants of Subject Failures in Primary Schools National Examination of 2023 in Somaliland
Authors: Abdi Mustafe Khadar , Ali Jibril Abdulkadir , Cumar Mukhtaar Axmed , Muse Abdisalan Hassan , Ali Tawakal Abdi
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the 2023 Somaliland Primary School Examination results for 20,638 students exposes substantial educational inequalities, with a mere 21.45% succeeding in all subjects and students failing an average of 2.3 subjects. This study employed Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression to examine socioeconomic, institutional, and demographic factors influencing subject failures. The ZIP model outperformed conventional Poisson and Negative Binomial models in handling overdispersion and excess zeros. Findings revealed that while gender had little effect on failure rates, female students were more likely to pass all subjects. Urban students showed a 26% greater chance of failing subjects than their rural peers, and public school students were 20% more prone to failure compared to those in private schools. Notable regional differences were observed, with areas like Badhan and Sahil demonstrating lower failure rates, while Awdal and Maroodijeex exhibited higher rates. The inflation model indicated that urban students and those in regions such as Badhan and Sahil had higher odds of passing all subjects, whereas public school students and those in Maroodijeex and Togdheer were more likely to fail at least one subject. These results highlight the need for focused interventions to tackle systemic inequities, improve public school resources, assist urban schools, sustain gender equality, and invest in underperforming regions. The study recommends gathering longitudinal data and establishing public-private partnerships to support evidence-based policymaking and long-term solutions for enhancing educational outcomes in Somaliland.
Population based Comparative Nutritional Status of Unoperated Congenital Heart Defects patients from a Tertiary Pediatric Cardiac Centre in India
Authors: Joshi Radha , Bhoite Manasi , Mandhare Poonam , Nath Shaoni , Kapoor Sudhir , Wadke Rishikesh , Pandey Ragini
Published: January 2025

Congenial Heart Defects (CHD) are structural cardiac malformations ranging from mild to severe forms; greatly impacting childhood mortality and morbidity. Malnutrition as comorbidity in CHD raises treatment complexity, lengthens post-operative recovery period and increases risk of developmental delays. This retrospective study evaluates patterns of malnutrition in 1678 unoperated CHD cases at out-patient department of tertiary pediatric cardiac centre in India compared to 11,894 population controls. Z-Scores based on WHO reference charts were used for Weight for Age, Height for Age and Weight for Height calculations. Majority of CHD patients belonged to upper lower (49.17%) and lower middle (42.99%) socioeconomic class. 62.46% cases were underweight, 41.3% stunted and 53.93% wasted compared to controls showing 28.88% underweight, 31.15% stunting and 14.04% wasting, indicating significant undernutrition in cases (p < 0.05) compared to age (0–6 years) & gender matched controls (χ2 = 6.68, p = 0.009). Lower birth weight was found associated with undernutrition in CHD (p < 0.05). PAH exacerbated undernutrition in CHD (p < 0.05). This first of its kind study from India provides population-based prevalence of nutritional status compared to unoperated CHD cases showing high undernutrition in CHD, thus highlighting need for comprehensive health screening which is crucial for early detection and timely CHD treatment.
Non-Linear Relationship Between Serum Vitamin A and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES 1999-2002
Authors: Li Jian , Zhou Lichun
Published: January 2025

Objective
To investigate the association between serum vitamin A levels and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), given the unclear relationship between vitamin A and cardiovascular health despite CVD being a leading global cause of death.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3,552 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. Serum vitamin A levels were measured as the exposure variable, with cerebrovascular disease as the outcome. Multiple confounders including demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors were adjusted in the analysis.
Results
A nonlinear relationship was identified with a threshold at 1.15 µmol/L. Below this threshold, serum vitamin A showed a protective effect against cerebrovascular disease (OR = 0.083, 95% CI: 0.011–0.662, P = 0.0187), while above it, a trend toward increased risk was observed but not statistically significant (OR = 1.226, 95% CI: 0.973–1.546, P = 0.0842).
Conclusion
Serum vitamin A levels demonstrate a threshold effect on cerebrovascular disease risk, suggesting different roles at varying concentrations. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and establish optimal vitamin A ranges for cardiovascular health.
Emergency service user profiles: patterns and inappropriate use in a southern Brazilian cohort, 2021-2022
Authors: Aguiar Thales Filipe Delmonico , Filho Antonio Orlando Farias Martins , Castanha Everton Bruno , Delpino Felipe Mendes , Nunes Bruno Pereira
Published: January 2025

Background
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) overcrowding is a worldwide challenge still in progression. Inappropriate use and reuse play an important role in this phenomenon. However the literature on the patterns of reuse and how personal an regional health system characteristics influence it is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate reuse patterns and its determinants.
Methods
This prospective cohort study investigate EMS overuse and inappropriate use in Pelotas city, Brazil (2021–2022). 2909 patients were followed for one year.
Results
61% of patients reused the service, with 25.5% classified as frequent users (FU), accounting for 57.4% of total visits. Hyperusers (≥ 10 visits/year) represented 3.9% of patients, but 14.2% of total visits. FU were more prevalent among women, while “hyperusers” were associated with young adults, “18 to 49 years”. In analyzing the appropriate use criterias, a total of 20.6% of visits were classified as inappropriate, though no significant difference existed across use patterns.
Conclusion
The results suggest the need for new studies, looking for population patterns in the profiles of emergency service users, based on frequency of use. From this, it will be possible to base public policies that interfere with the phenomenon.
The Suppression of Commutation Torque Ripple in Brushless DC Motors Based on Segmental Duty Cycle Distribution
Authors: Cai Zhiduan , Shen Jiahao , Xu Lihao , Wang Yuling
Published: January 2025

During the commutation process of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors, significant commutation torque pulsations occur, which degrade the operational performance and efficiency of the motor. Conventional overlapping commutation methods can effectively suppress commutation torque pulsations; however, they are susceptible to issues related to control fail areas. In response to this challenge, the paper presents an improved segmented duty cycle allocation method for overlapping commutation, which effectively suppresses commutation torque pulsations during the braking process across a wide range of speeds. This commutation method employs a PWM-OFF-PWM modulation technique, which allocates differing duty cycles based on the high and low speed segments during the commutation period. Each speed segment independently undergoes pulse width modulation for either the conducting phase or the non-conducting phase, ensuring that the rate of current rise in the conducting phase is matched by the rate of current decline in the non-conducting phase during commutation. This synchronization allows for a smooth transition of non-commutating phase currents during the commutation period, thereby reducing commutation torque pulsations. Compared to conventional overlapping commutation methods, the proposed technique not only eliminates the control fail area issue induced by delayed control strategies, but also decreases the switching frequency of the power switch transistors, thus reducing switching losses. The feasibility, effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated in experiments.
Analysis of changes in morphological characters and drought resistance of tetraploid P. alba
Authors: yuanfu liu , xinyu wang , siyuan li , yan zhou , ruihan he , chen su
Published: January 2025

Artificial induction of polyploids is an effective technique for plant breeding and genetic improvement. Understanding the changes in plant morphology after polyploidization is the key to studying the underlying physiological mechanisms of polyploid plant development. We obtained a tetraploid P. alba using colchicine induction and performed a characterization analysis on it. The results showed that the height and leaf area of the tetraploid plant were smaller than those of the diploid plant. The tetraploid plant have thicker leaves, higher chlorophyll contents, and larger but less dense stomata. Tetraploidization also resulted in significant changes in stem anatomy, including smaller xylem width and larger phloem width. In addition, we found that the tetraploid plants exhibited enhanced drought tolerance compared with the diploid parent. The results of our study not only revealed the structural and physiological changes in the tetraploid plants, but also provided valuable insights into the breeding of polyploid P. alba.
CXCL8 and JAK2, modulated by apigenin, are two regulators in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Feng Xuan , Xu Zhihai
Published: January 2025

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of disability and death. The aim of this study was to identify immune-related therapeutic targets and drugs for DFU.
Methods: Two Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE68183 and GSE80178) were merged, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Immune-related genes (IRGs) were extracted from the Immport database. Then the differentially expressed IRGs (DE-IRGs) were screened. Based on the DE-IRGs, protein-protein interaction network was constructed and hub genes were identified via Cytoscape software. An external dataset GSE134431 was used to verify the expression and diagnostic value of the hub genes. Potential compounds targeting key hub proteins, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), were explored using the HIT2.0 platform and HERB database, and the binding activity between them was verified using molecular docking. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) induced by high glucose (HG) were used to construct the DFU model in vitro, and cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry and Transwell assay after apigenin (API) treatment. Reverse transcriptional quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the expression of key hub genes.
Results: CXCL8, and JAK2 were identified as hub genes in the pathogenesis of DFU. API, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol and simvastatin had good binding activity with CXCL8 and JAK2 proteins. Treatment with Apigenin could reverse HG-induced inhibition of HaCaT cell viability and migration, and reduce cell apoptosis. After HaCaT cells were induced by HG, CXCL8 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in DFU, while JAK2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated. API treatment inhibited the expression of CXCL8 and increased the expression of JAK2, p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR in HG-induced HaCaT cells.
Conclusion: CXCL8 and JAK2 may be potential therapeutic targets for DFU. API can reduce HG-induced HaCaT cell injury and is expected to be a potential compound for DFU treatment.
Marine Fish Production in Odisha: A Comparative Analysis of ARIMA and Holt's Linear Trend Models for Forecasting and Production Instability
Authors: Mukherjee Samiran , Qureshi Neha Wajahat
Published: January 2025

The marine fish production sector of Odisha plays a significant role in the India's fisheries sector, accounting for 4.80% of the nation's marine fish output in 2022–2023. This study aims to investigate the trends, growth patterns, and instability of marine fish production in Odisha from 1990-91 to 2022-23 and forecast production for upcoming years. The annual time series data of marine fish production of Odisha was obtained. Marine fish production exhibited a gradual increase, but the overall CGR remained modest (1.56%). Exponential Trend method was used to fit the historical production data (R2 = 0.56). While ARIMA (0,1,0) and HLT models both were suitable for forecasting, HLT model achieved higher accuracy (93%). The study investigates district-wise growth patterns and instabilities, identifying Kendrapara as exhibiting significant instability in recent years. The analysis highlights the disparities in production, with Balasore, Jagatsinghpur, and Puri emerging as major contributors. Instability analysis using Coefficient of Variation (C.V.), Coppock’s Instability Index (CII), Cuddy-Delle Valle Index (CDVI) revealed Kendrapara’s instability in marine fish production. Kendrapara stands out for its notable instability, attributed to a combination of environmental, socio-economic, and government regulation-related factors such as cyclones, limited infrastructures, and fishing restrictions. Challenges such as underreporting and market constraints pose significant barriers to harnessing the potential of marine fisheries in Odisha. The study highlights need for improved production strategies in Odisha’s marine fisheries sector and places emphasis on determining the factors affecting state's marine fish landings ensuring sustainable growth and helping shape state and district-wise policy decisions on infrastructure development.
Short-Term Solar Irradiance and Power Forecasting in Uncertain Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Marweni Manel , Hajji Mansour , Mansouri Majdi , Mimouni Mohamed Faouzi
Published: January 2025

Renewable energy (RE), while essential for the energy transition, poses significant challenges due to its variability and reliance on environmental factors , such as sunlight availability for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) systems. This intermittent nature complicates maintaining a stable balance between energy production and demand. To address these challenges, Energy Management (EM) plays a vital role in enabling optimal planning and resource allocation. In this context, forecasting becomes crucial for predicting production fluctuations and supporting proactive decision-making. Short-term forecasting, in particular, facilitates quick anticipation of variations and real-time adaptation of management strategies.
This study proposes a Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) model for short-term forecasting in renewable energy systems, effectively addressing variability challenges. By incorporating prediction intervals, the model ensures accurate predictions with quantified uncertainty. The model demonstrates high performance, with irradiance Mean Absolute Error (MAE) ranging between 0.3115 and 0.3506, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) between 0.4061 and 0.4802, and R 2 of 1.00. For power, the MAE ranges from 7.0136 to 7.8298, RMSE from 8.2715 to 9.2084, and R 2 of 0.99, underscoring its reliability for energy management applications.
CO2 Reduction with High Bulk Turnover Numbers at Small Overpotentials by a fac-Mn(bpy)(CO)3L Complex with a Redox-Active, Electron Reservoir Ligand
Authors: Galvez-Rodriguez Andy , Martinez-Perez Octavio , Bergens Steven H.
Published: January 2025

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) is required to convert CO2 into useful commodity chemicals with renewable energy thereby reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. We report significantly enhanced CRR activity by incorporating the s-donating, e- reservoir ligand Imdye (1-imidazole-2,4,6-tri(carbazol-9-yl)-3,5-dicyanobenzene) within the complex fac-[MnI(bpy)(CO)3(Imdye)]+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). The reduction potentials of Imdye, MnI/0, and CO2 to CO are close, allowing the active catalyst [Mn0(bpy)(CO)2(Imdye-)]- to provide 2e- to CO2 at small overpotentials. This system reduces CO2 to CO with bulk turnover numbers up to 830 very near the CRR reduction potential. This CRR activity arose from Imdye promoting the CRR at small overpotentials, and from utilizing the electrooxidation of CH3OH/H2O to CO2, 6H+ and 6e- at the Pt counter electrode, neutralizing pH changes from the CRR. These strategies will apply to most CRR electrocatalytic systems.
COVID-19 Transmission During the Winter 2023-24 Surge: A Comparative Analysis of Surveillance Estimates in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K.
Authors: Hoerger Michael , Gerhart James I. , Peyser Tristen , Pyke Nicole , Garg Nicole , Hall Carly J. , Swartz Maria C. , Swartz Michael D. , Willette Sara Anne , Baker Courtney N. , Eastman Joseph L.
Published: January 2025

Background: Better estimates of COVID-19 transmission are needed since testing has declined. The present investigation examined the correspondence among estimates of COVID-19 transmission during the winter 2023-24 surge using wastewater-derived estimates for the U.S. and Canada and testing-derived estimate in the U.K. to evaluate validity and provide vital public health data on transmission levels.
Methods: The study used data from wastewater-derived estimates of COVID-19 transmission in the U.S. (Pandemic Mitigation Collaborative dashboard) and Canada (COVID-19 Resources Canada dashboard) and testing-based surveillance in the U.K. (Health Security Agency). Data sets were linked by date and relative to the peak transmission date within each data set. Analyses focused on the UKHSA study period of November 2023 to March 2024. Analyses 1) described transmission on the peak day, 2) examined relative agreement in the patterns of transmission via correlations, 3) examined absolute agreement on the proportion of the population actively infectious across the two months of peak transmission, and 4) described estimates of the proportion of populations infected during the peak two months.
Results: On the peak day of infections, an estimated 1.95 million people were infected in the U.S., 148 thousand in Canada, and 431 thousand in the U.K., meaning an estimated 2.5%-4.5% of these populations were actively infectious. Estimates showed high relative agreement in the patterns of transmission throughout the wave, especially between the U.S. and U.K. (r=.974, p<.001). During the wave, 93.5% of U.S. estimates and 68.8% of Canada estimates had excellent or better agreement with the U.K. data. An estimated >100 million people were infected in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. during the two peak months, or 20.9%-26.0% of each population.
Discussion: Findings support the ongoing public health significance of COVID-19 by documenting high levels of transmission during the winter 2023-24 surge. Transmission estimates had high agreement across methodologies and nations. More resources are needed to prevent transmission and diagnose and treat long-term health sequelae.
Differential growth, Cardiovascular risk, and Polymorphism in Targeted Regions of Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RYR2) gene in Three Breeds of Chickens.
Authors: Faisal Olayiwola Kolawole , K Sulaiman Mariam , A.A Professor Toye
Published: January 2025

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a stress-related genetic disease in broilers with no diagnostic clinical or necropsy finding. SDS is often preceded by elevated markers of cardiovascular risks (Obesity, Blood glucose, Lipidemia and Inflammation) in broilers. Mutation of Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RYR2) gene, which controls rapid release of ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) into the Cystol during muscle contraction has been associated with sudden death syndrome in broilers, but there are no reports on the genetic association between RYR2 mutation and cardiovascular risk markers in broiler. This study aims to investigate the role of RYR2 mutation in the development of SDS using the linkage association approach. The study compares exotic broiler chicken (Ross 308, Arbor Acres) with the less susceptible indigenous Noiler chicken breed as a contrast to identifying genetic markers linked to SDS susceptibility. Key findings revealed a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) near a functional RYR2 region at chicken genome location 3:36968262. The Noiler and Arbor Acres breeds carried an A (Adenosine) allele, while Ross 308 carried a G (Guanine) allele, with the G allele associated with increased cardiovascular risk and stress. Moreover, Arbor Acres and Ross 308 breeds exhibited higher stress levels and cardiovascular risk than the Noiler breed using certain metrics of measurement. These results underscore the critical role of RYR2 genetic differences in growth and cardiovascular traits in poultry, these findings suggest that genetic differences in the RYR2 gene play a crucial role in growth and cardiovascular traits in poultry, offering valuable insights for breeding programs.
Gravity Model applied in External Trade Betwen Portugal and Comonwealth
Authors: Sandambi Nerhum
Published: January 2025

The study analyses foreign trade between Portugal and Commonwealth countries in the period 1990-2017. The main objective is to analyse foreign trade between Portugal and the Commonwealth countries and to understand the main factors that influence the volume of foreign trade. The study was estimated using a gravity model, but the model was static, using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) models. The main results show that economic distance measured by real GDP between the countries of origin and destination has a positive impact of 2.145% on the volume of foreign trade, income levels in the countries of destination have a positive impact on the volume of foreign trade of 1.238%, although it is significant at the 1% level, the exchange rate has a negative impact on trade and is not relevant in explaining trade levels. Physical distance has a positive impact, but is not significant in explaining the volume of foreign trade between Portugal and the Commonwealth countries.
Jel Classification: F00; F1; F14.
АДМИНИСТРАТИВНАЯ СИСТЕМА ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫХ РАЙОНОВ НОВГОРОДСКОЙ ЗЕМЛИ В X – НАЧАЛЕ XVII ВЕКА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИСТОРИИ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫХ ЮРИСДИКЦИЙ
Authors: ФРОЛОВ А.А.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена общей характеристике административной системы, существовавшей в эпоху Рюриковичей на Новгородской земле, в двух аспектах: территориальный рост Новгородской земли и формы управления на подконтрольных территориях в X начале XVII в. Развивая достигнутое в историографии понимание проблемы, автор рассматривает историю административной системы новгородских земель в контексте истории территориальных юрисдикций различных типов. Важнейшим элементом этой системы было сместное управление на землях, расположенных на границе Новгорода с Великим княжеством Владимирским и смоленскими землями, где новгородцам принадлежала лишь часть прерогатив. Помимо систематизации знаний, полученных в ходе полуторавекового изучения проблемы, работа предлагает во многом новые интерпретации сведений важнейших исторических источников: Устава князя Святослава 1137г., Устава князя Ярослава о мостех , писцовых книг рубежа XVXVIвв.

The article is devoted to the general characteristic of the administrative system of Novgorod land in the 10th beginning of the 17th century in two aspects: 1)the territorial growth of Novgorod land and 2)forms of governance in the territories under Novgorod control. The history of the Novgorod administrative system is examined in the context of the history of the territorial jurisdictions of various types. The most important element of this system was the so called joint management. This mode was practiced in lands along the border between Novgorod and the Grand Duchy of Vladimir and between Novgorod and Smolensk. Only part of the prerogative belonged to Novgorod, as the administrative power was shared with the neighboring lands listed above. In addition to systematizing the historiographical data made available since the middle of the 19th century, the article offers some new interpretations of such important historical documents as the Charter of Prince Svyatoslav of 1137, the Charter of Prince Yaroslav o mostekh, and cadastres from the turn of the 15th 16th centuries.
МЕТАГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ОСИ ЕВРАЗИИ
Authors: ЗАМЯТИН Д.Н.
Published: January 2025

Статья представляет собой введение в проблематику метагеографии особой междисциплинарной области знания, находящейся на стыке науки, философии и искусства (в широком смысле) и изучающей различные возможности, условия, способы и дискурсы географического мышления и воображения. Автор дает обширный экскурс в разработку рационалистических и сциентистских подходов к этому понятию, начиная с первой половины XIX в. Особое внимание автора привлекают проблемы формирования географического образа Евразии как мирового острова , или острова-материка , фрактальность пространства Евразии. Предлагаемая автором дискурсивная схема осевой метагеографической сборки Евразии несомненно предполагает содержательные историко-географические, геополитические, геокультурные и геоэкономические импликации.

The article represents an introduction to meta-geographical problems. Meta-geography is a specific knowledge field at the junction of science, philosophy and art it studies different aspects and discourses of geographical thinking and imagination. The author provides a broad overview of rationalistic and scientistic approaches to this concept starting from the first half of the 19th century. The problems of the geographical image of Eurasia as a world island and of the fractality of Eurasias space are considered. The author suggests a discursive schema for the meta-geographical axial composition of Eurasia which assumes substantial historico-geographical, geopolitical, geo-cultural, and geo-economic implications.
ИСТОРИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОБРАЗ СТАВРОПОЛЯ: ОТ ГОРОДА-КРЕПОСТИ ДО СТОЛИЦЫ ЖИТНИЦЫ И ЗДРАВНИЦЫ
Authors: ЧИХИЧИН В.В.
Published: January 2025

Историко-географические образы территорий содержат не только современные представления, связанные с историей этих территорий, а отражают динамику представлений населения о городах и регионах с момента вхождения в сознание населения до настоящего времени. Трансформация образа Ставрополя проходила в четыре этапа под влиянием как внешних, так и внутренних факторов. Критериями для выделения этапов послужили административные преобразования, важные исторические события, изменение особенностей самого города. Первый этап вхождение образа Ставрополя в общественное сознание населения России (17771847), второй этап закрепление образа Ставрополя в общественном сознании населения России (18471917), третий этап Изменение образа Ставрополя в советское время (19171991), четвертый этап трансформация образа Ставрополя в постсоветское время (с 1991 г.).

Historical and geographical images of the territories contain not only modern representations, connected with the history of these territories, but also reflect past dynamics of constantly evolving representations by the population about the cities and regions. The image of Stavropol transformed in four stages due to both external and internal influences. These stages were determined by administrative changes, the evolution of features of the city, and important historical events. During the first stage the image of Stavropol entered Russian public consciousness (17771847) in the second stage this image became fixed in public consciousness (18471917) the third stage marked the evolution of the citys image during Soviet times (19171991), and the fourth stage its transformation in the post-Soviet period (from 1991).
ПРОБЛЕМА ГЕОПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ КОНСТРУКТОВ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ПУБЛИЧНОМ И АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ ЭСТОНИИ
Authors: УЛУНЯН А.А.
Published: January 2025

С момента восстановления независимости Эстонии в 1991г. усилились дискуссии в общественных и академических кругах по вопросу геопространственного ориентирования нового государства. Главный вопрос всех обсуждений заключался том, как и когда Эстония может добиться того, чтобы обеспечить себе наиболее выгодное и безопасное место в международном сообществе и создать свою собственную новую политическую географию . Общественный и академический дискурсы развивались с учётом геопространственных планов, которые существовали в эстонской политической и академической мысли в 20-е 30-е гг. ХХ в., исторических традиций и общемирового процесса появления новых регионов .

Since Estonia re-established its independence in 1991, public and academic discussions of the newly born states geospatial orientation has intensified. The central question of these deliberations involved the manner and time in which Estonia could achieve a useful and secure place within the international community and build up her own new political geography. Public and academic discourse developed with reference to geospatial plans which had existed in Estonian political and academic thought in the 192030s, historical traditions and the global process of the emergence of new regions.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ У МЕДИЕВИСТОВ МГУ
Authors: ГУСАРОВА Т.П.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассмотрен многолетний опыт преподавания исторической географии на кафедре истории Средних веков и раннего Нового времени исторического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова. Практикуемый на кафедре комплексный подход к изучению исторической географии сочетает освоение общего курса с практическими занятиями, включает в себя элемент самостоятельной исследовательской работы студента, систематическое повторение историко-географической номенклатуры. Такой метод дает положительные результаты, помогая, наряду с другими специальными дисциплинами (историографией, источниковедением ит.д.) готовить и профессионального медиевиста, и специалиста более широкого профиля.

The paper addresses the development of training in historical geography at the Department of Medieval and Early Modern History at Moscow State Lomonosov University. The Departments comprehensive approach combines a general course, practical studies, elements of individual student research, and the systematic repetition of the historico-geographical nomenclature. This approach yields positive results. Together with other disciplines (historiography, source studies, etc.) it helps to train professional medievalists and general historians.
REMOTE DIAGNOSIS OF TRAUMATIC PROSTHETIC STOMATITIS USING A TELEMEDICINE DEVICE
Authors: Sukalenko Vitalii , Tsyhanok Oleksandr
Published: January 2025

The digital photography protocol has been successfully applied in various areas of dental practice. The use of digital photography in teledentistry expands the possibilities for the remote diagnosis of a range of dental conditions. Several authors described the use of digital photography for diagnosing diseases of the oral mucosa and remote assessment of traumatic dental injuries.
The aim of this study was to assess the level of agreement between experts when suspecting traumatic prosthetic stomatitis caused by partial removable dentures (PRDs) by comparing in-person and remote diagnoses.
Materials and methods: This study included 57 patients who were fitted with PRDs. Patients received treatment at the clinic of the dentistry department of the Educational-Scientific Medical Institute of Sumy State University (Sumy) and the dental office of the University Clinic of Sumy State University (Sumy). Clinical examination data were recorded in the outpatient dental record (form 043/o), and digital photographs were taken using a telemedicine device camera, stored on the device's memory card, and synchronized with cloud storage. Six experts remotely formulated their diagnoses based on an analysis of digital photographs. The accuracy of remote diagnosis was assessed by comparing it to the "gold standard" of in-person diagnosis at the clinic. Data were analyzed using Gwet's AC1 test to evaluate the agreement between the two methods.
Results: The agreement levels between researchers for in-person and remote diagnoses formulated exclusively using images were 0.83 or higher (95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.91).
Conclusion: The accuracy of remote diagnoses was comparable to those made directly in the clinic. Telemedicine systems can be an effective tool for the remote visual assessment of a patient's condition during the post-prosthesis period. Keywords: Teledentistry, prosthetic stomatitis, partial removable dentures, diagnostic visualization.
Phosphorus Activation via Screen Printing Ag/P on Thermally Grown SiO2 Layer as Passivating Contact on n-Si
Authors:   School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Mohd Rais Ahmad Rujhan , Mohd Sinin Nurul Aqidah ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangssan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Rohaizar Muhammad Hatim ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangssan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Ibrahim Mohd Adib ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangssan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Sopian Kamaruzzaman Sopian ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia, Sepeai Suhaila ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangssan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the impact of screen printing silver (Ag) with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as a metallic dopant paste on etched versus non-etched thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO₂) layers used as passivating contacts in silicon solar cells. The combination of Ag and phosphorous (P) from H3PO4 is denoted as Ag/P metallic dopant paste. Passivating contacts are crucial for reducing recombination losses and improving solar cell efficiency. Thermally grown SiO2 layers are commonly used due to their excellent passivation properties and compatibility with silicon substrates. The study involves a comprehensive comparison of the performance of etched and non-etched SiO2 layers, including the activation of P from H3PO4 and series resistance. The methodology involves the thermal growth of SiO2 layers on silicon wafers, followed by selective etching on a subset of the samples. Subsequently, Ag/P is deposited on both etched and non-etched SiO2 layers using the screen printing technique. The samples undergo annealing using a round quartz furnace to form the passivating contacts. The dark current-voltage measurements are employed to evaluate the activation of P, series resistance and the behaviour of the screen-printed n-type silicon (n-Si). The results reveal the activation of P from Ag/P when adding more H3PO4 with Ag paste. The etched SiO2 layers also exhibited lower total current and an onset between semi-ohmic and ohmic behaviour. Meanwhile, the Ag and Ag/P screen-printed on SiO2 layers revealed higher total current but exhibited an onset between leaky-diode and ohmic behaviour. Specifically, the etched SiO2 layers demonstrated improved surface passivation quality, evidenced by lower surface recombination velocities.
Self-efficacy of teachers in special education schools for teaching through play
Authors: Yıldırım Nejmi , İlik Şerife Şenay
Published: January 2025

This study aims to ascertain the degree to which special education teachers believe they can effectively teaching through play. A descriptive survey model was used in the research. Our study sample consisted of 241 teachers working in special education in a state institution under the Konya Provincial Directorate of National Education. The data collection tool of the research is the 18-item "Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers Working in Special Education in the Process of Teaching Through Play" developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the teachers participating in the study had very high self-efficacy perceptions in terms of planning instruction according to program stages and developmental characteristics, as well as in the application process and evaluation related to developmental characteristics. However, their perceptions of self-efficacy regarding the application method were high. Regarding gender, it was shown that female teachers have stronger self-efficacy, and preschool instructors have higher average scores than class teachers and special education teachers based on the undergraduate graduation variable. In addition, it was determined in the research that the self-efficacy perceptions of teachers in terms of the process of teaching through play are similar according to the professional seniority and the disability type of students they work with.
Turkish adaptation of the digital literacy scale: A rasch analysis
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Alanoğlu Müslim , Karabatak Songül , Bradley Kelly
Published: January 2025

The study took a Rasch measurement theory approach to validating the 10-item Digital Literacy Scale (DLS) using the unidimensional rating scale model (RSM). To that end, the study used the data from a sample of online Turkish university students. The study began the Rasch analysis with all 10 items in the scale and, to improve in the local independence assumption, identified and eliminated two items which did not adequately fit the RSM. Under the eight-item DLS, the assumptions of undimensionality and local independence were both satisfied and the fit of all individual items to the RSM was adequate. Next, the psychometric properties of the eight-item DLS were examined including rating scale effectiveness, relative endorsability of the items, differential item functioning (DIF) by each of three demographic variables: (a) gender, (b) connection device, and (c) grade level. Through the analysis, evidence of reliability and validity was identified which generally supports the use of the DLS instrument among the population of online Turkish university students from which the sample was obtained. The study also identified items which demonstrated either misfit to the model or DIF by the demographic variables, and recommends they be further reviewed and revised for future use.
Who is the anaesthetist
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Freeman Naomi , Edwardson Stuart , Hamson Caroline , Ahmed Nilofer
Published: January 2025

If you are thinking about becoming a doctor or are already at medical school and wondering which path to take, then this guide is for you.
We will give you an insight into what an anaesthetist does, and when and where, why we do what we do and how we got here in the first place. There is also advice and resources on how to become an anaesthetist and what it takes to become part of the largest medical specialty in the hospital.
Non-invertible and higher-form symmetries in 2+1d lattice gauge theories
Authors: Choi Yichul , Sanghavi Yaman , Shao Shu-Heng , Zheng Yunqin
Published: January 2025

We explore exact generalized symmetries in the standard 2+1d lattice \mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2 gauge theory coupled to the Ising model, and compare them with their continuum field theory counterparts. One model has a (non-anomalous) non-invertible symmetry, and we identify two distinct non-invertible symmetry protected topological phases. The non-invertible algebra involves a lattice condensation operator, which creates a toric code ground state from a product state. Another model has a mixed anomaly between a 1-form symmetry and an ordinary symmetry. This anomaly enforces a nontrivial transition in the phase diagram, consistent with the “Higgs=SPT” proposal. Finally, we discuss how the symmetries and anomalies in these two models are related by gauging, which is a 2+1d version of the Kennedy-Tasaki transformation.
QDarts: A quantum dot array transition simulator for finding charge transitions in the presence of finite tunnel couplings, non-constant charging energies and sensor dots
Authors: Krzywda Jan , Liu Weikun , van Nieuwenburg Evert , Krause Oswin
Published: January 2025

We present QDarts, an efficient simulator for realistic charge stability diagrams of quantum dot array (QDA) devices in equilibrium states. It allows for pinpointing the location of concrete charge states and their transitions in a high-dimensional voltage space (via arbitrary two-dimensional cuts through it), and includes effects of finite tunnel coupling, non-constant charging energy and a simulation of noisy sensor dots. These features enable close matching of various experimental results in the literature, and the package hence provides a flexible tool for testing QDA experiments, as well as opening the avenue for developing new methods of device tuning.
Integral equation with the Toeplitz-Hankel kernel and inhomogeneity in the linear part
Authors:   Kadyrov Chechen State University, Askhabov Sultan N. ,   Chechen State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

In the cone Q_0 = {u(x): u \in C[0, \infty), u(0) = 0 and u(x) > 0 for x > 0} we consider the integral equation u^\alpha(x) = \int_0^x [p(x − t) + q(x + t)]u(t)dt + f(x) with Toeplitz-Hankel kernel p(x − t) + q(x + t) and inhomogeneity f(x) in the linear part. Equations of this type with difference, total and total-difference kernels arise when solving many problems in hydroaerodynamics, elasticity theory, population genetics, in the theory of radiative equilibrium and heat transfer by radiation and others. In this case, from theoretical and applied points of view, non-negative continuous solutions from the cone Q_0 are of particular interest. In the case of \alpha > 1, conditions were found for the kernel and inhomogeneity under which the indicated integral equation has a unique solution in the entire class Q_0. Without additional restrictions on the given functions, it is proved that this solution can be found by the method of successive approximations of the Picard type in some complete weighted metric space. For successive approximations, an estimate of the rate of their convergence to the exact solution is established in terms of the weight metric. In this case, the two-sided a priori estimates of the solution obtained in the work play an important role. Examples are given to illustrate the results obtained. For 0 < \alpha < 1, it is shown that this equation, as in the linear case (for \alpha = 1), has no solutions in the cone Q_0.
Encyclopedia “Literary Museums of Russia”: A look at history and a step into the future
Authors:   Russian International Academy for Tourism, Imennova Liubov S.
Published: January 2025

This publication is a reflection on the recently published encyclopedia “Literary Museums of Russia”. The articles presented in it summarize more than a century of practical experience of Russian literary museums, summarize theoretical research and at the same time actualize new problems of museum practice, identify theoretical issues related to the study of the museum sphere. The work on the encyclopedia acts as an important stage of museum life, indicating a high level of coordination of the efforts of a large team of authors under the leadership of the V. I. Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature. The experience of an encyclopedic review of literary museums of different status, subordination, and regional affiliation seems unprecedented, which allowed the author’s team to present this important component of the cultural world of Russia in detail. The thoroughness of the compilation of the dictionary in the theoretical, museographic and personal parts deserves respect. The author of this article relied on his own practice of museum work and many years of theoretical research on museum and tourism topics as a professor at the Russian International Academy of Tourism, which predetermined the choice of topics of articles he wrote for the encyclopedia: they attempted to analyze museum problems taking into account personal professional experience. In general, the published encyclopedia is an important and necessary information base for the activities of museum practitioners and theorists. It is of interest to both professionals and fans of literary museums.