bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure 1 from Expression Patterns of DLL3 across Neuroendocrine and Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasms Reveal Broad Opportunities for Therapeutic Targeting
Authors: Lozada John R. , Elliott Andrew , Evans Mark G. , Wacker James , Storey Kathleen M. , Egusa Emily A. , Zorko Nicholas A. , Kumar Akhilesh , Crymes Anthony , Heath Elisabeth I. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Soares Heloisa P. , Cichocki Frank , Miller Jeffrey S. , Lou Emil , Beltran Himisha , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Ryan Charles J. , Hwang Justin H.
Published: February 2025

Expression patterns of DLL3 across NENs. A, Violin plots displaying expression of DLL3 in NENs and ADCs originating from the lung or prostate. B, Violin plots displaying expression of DLL3 in lung NENs by histologic grade. Bar plots above show proportion of histologic grade that was defined as DLL3-high. LNEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; SNEC, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. C, Differences in genetic alterations between DLL3-high and -low NENs, as well as breakdown of samples with concurrent mutations or wildtype status in TP53 and RB1 by DLL3-high or -low NENs. D, Circular bar plot displaying proportion of DLL3-high samples by NEN anatomic site with sample sizes shown in parentheses. Bar color represents median DLL3 expression for the site. E, Heatmap displaying relative expression of DLL3, ASCL1, and NEUROD1 in DLL3-high and -low NENs from the lung, prostate, bladder, stomach, pancreas, and small bowel. F, Forest plot showing association between DLL3 expression level and real-world overall survival. Dotted line represents the hazard ratio of 1.0. *, q < 0.05; **, q < 0.01; ***, q < 0.001.
НОВЕ БАЧЕННЯ ОСВІТНЬО-НАУКОВОЇ ПРОГРАМИ ЗА СПЕЦІАЛЬНІСТЮ 224 «ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ТА ЛІКУВАННЯ»
Authors: Мінцер О. П. , Бабінцева Л. Ю. , Краснов В. В. , Король П. О. , Щербіна О. В. , Козаренко Т. М. , Сергієнко Л. І.
Published: February 2025

Сучасний період розвитку людства характеризується значним впливом технологій, зокрема інформаційних, що забезпечують поширення інформаційних потоків, утворюючи глобальний інформаційний простір. Вони швидко перетворилися на життєво важливий стимул розвитку не тільки світової економіки, а й інших сфер людської діяльності. Основне завдання сучасних наукових технологій – упровадження новаторських, ефективних рішень, починаючи з повсякденного життя кожної людини та закінчуючи впровадженням розробок у промисловому виробництві, охороні здоров’я, аграрному секторі тощо.В галузі охорони здоров’я технології допомагають покращити якість надання медичних послуг, налагодити комунікацію та відносини між медичними працівниками і пацієнтами й, безумовно, надають швидкі й ефективні рішення стосовно діагностики та лікування різноманітних захворювань. Залучення інформаційно-комунікаційних і цифрових технологій, мікроелектроніки пов’язують з появою цифрової охорони здоров’я, телемедициною, мобільною медициною тощо. Слід також пам’ятати, що від рівня достовірності досліджень залежить прийняття лікарем рішень про діагностування, профілактику та лікування пацієнта. Отже, представлено новітнє бачення здобуття освіти майбутніх докторів філософії за спеціальністю 224 «Технології медичної діагностики та лікування» галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я». Виходячи з мети підвищення якості й ефективності надання медичної допомоги, уніфіковано сучасні технології клінічних лабораторних і променевих методів дослідження; методи променевої терапії, а також методи прийняття рішень у діагностиці, лікуванні та прогнозуванні станів пацієнта. Зміст освiтньо-наукової програми спрямований на підготовку висококваліфікованих і конкурентоспроможних спеціалістів, здобуття ними необхідних теоретичних знань та комплексу практичних умінь, навиків і компетентностей для виконання інноваційних наукових досліджень та впровадження отриманих результатів у практичну охорону здоров’я.По завершенню навчання, здобувачі вищої освіти третього рівня мають оволодіти загальнонауковими компетентностями, здобути універсальні навики дослідника та мовні компетентності. Тематика курсів професійної підготовки розроблена з метою сприяння здатності інтегрувати знання та розв’язувати складні завдання в мультидисциплінарних і трансдисциплінарних контекстах.
Uneven and combined desires: A psychological rethinking of societal multiplicity in world politics
Authors: Vieira Marco
Published: February 2025

This article contributes to the growing body of scholarship which claims the notion of societal multiplicity offers both a foundational ontology and novel theoretical approach to the discipline of International Relations (IR). By focusing on its unheeded psychological dimension, I offer a critique of societal multiplicity with the aim of contributing to theory development. The central contention of this article is that, despite several compelling articulations of societal multiplicity in IR since its original formulation, the notion has not yet satisfactorily accounted for the hierarchical nature of societal co-existence in world politics, in particular with regards to its psychological dimension. I explore the analytical purchase of combining the theory of Uneven and Combined Development (U&CD), understood as the core mechanism of societal multiplicity, driving interaction between and across multiple societies, with an added focus on the psychological effects of the overarching presence of Western modernity as the main civilisational referent of progress and development in world politics. I empirically illustrate the article’s theoretical argument through the historical analysis of Brazil under the administration of Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2022), as a compelling example of the uneven and combined desire to emulate the Western other.
Mechanism of quasi-static fatigue of wool yarn in warp-knitting processing from finite-element simulation
Authors: Han Zhihui , Xi Lifeng , Xia Fenglin , Gao Lizhong , Cong Honglian , Ma Pibo , Wan Ailan
Published: February 2025

In this study, the quasi-static fatigue of compact wool blended siro-spun, ring-spun, and ring-spun plied yarn passing through a tricot machine was characterized and analyzed by finite-element simulation. The influence of yarn guide elements on yarn strength and hairiness, and the kurtosis and skewness of the knitting tension, indicating the relationship between the yarn tension and the machine speed during the let-off movement, were studied. An equivalent finite-element model of wool yarn was established to simulate the force and damage of wool yarn during the let-off motion. The results show that the strength of the three types of wool yarn decreased by 14%, 11.1%, and 40.5%; at the same time, the fraction of yarn with a hairiness of 3 mm and above clearly increased after the yarn passed through the heck, increasing by 120.8%, 124.7%, and 151.8%, respectively. The tension kurtosis of the compact, 14.7 tex, 50% wool–50% polyester, siro-spun yarn was 0.84, and the tension skewness was −0.828 at 900 r/min, which was stable for high-speed warp-knitting. The mechanism of the quasi-static fatigue of wool yarn was obtained; this provides an experimental and theoretical basis for the further study of the warp-knitting of wool yarn.
No Evidence on Association Between Prospective Exposure to Out-of-Pocket Cost Information and Appointment Cancelations or No-Shows: A Case-Control Pilot Study
Authors: Mitchell Brae , Sadigh Gelareh , Fendrick A. Mark , Horný Michal
Published: February 2025

Health care price transparency aims to empower patients to make better-informed purchasing decisions. However, the prospective availability of patients’ out-of-pocket costs may lead to an increased rate of forgone care. The objective of this study was to examine whether obtaining a prospective out-of-pocket cost estimate is associated with the likelihood of canceling or not arriving at a scheduled outpatient health care appointment. We surveyed adult individuals with scheduled outpatient imaging appointments at a large health care system in Georgia. In this case-control pilot study, we estimated the adjusted association between obtaining an out-of-pocket cost estimate for a scheduled imaging appointment (did not obtain an estimate, did not seek an estimate but received it via an unsolicited phone call from the health care system, and actively sought and obtained an estimate) and not attending the appointment using multivariable logistic regression that controlled for the type of primary health insurance and patient demographics. Actively seeking an out-of-pocket cost estimate was not associated with appointment cancelation or no-show (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81, P = .75). Passively receiving an out-of-pocket cost estimate via an unsolicited phone call from the health care system was marginally associated with lower odds of appointment cancelation or no-show (aOR = 0.24; P = .076). This study did not find evidence of an association between prospective exposure of patients to out-of-pocket cost information and the likelihood of health care appointment cancelation or no-show.
The international turn in the study of the origins of late-19th-century imperialism: achievements, limits and new directions in the theory of uneven and combined development
Authors: Nguyen H. P. Gia
Published: February 2025

The late 19th century witnessed an unparalleled spasm of imperial expansion that redrew the world map into a handful of colonial empires. The first attempt to explain what caused this epoch was the Hobson-Lenin classical theory of imperialism. Nonetheless, over the past century, interwoven between other criticisms, many have problematised the theory’s ‘internalism’ – its negligence of the undeniable impact of interactive multi-societal co-existence (or, simply, the international) towards this outburst – and correspondingly rectified it. These critiques have constituted an international turn on the topic, which indeed seeks to incorporate the causal significance of the international. Yet, this turn faces two key limitations: an over-reliance on thick and supposedly atheoretical historical description and, on the flip side, a lack of historical specificity in theorising. To rectify these issues and further the international turn, this article argues that Leon Trotsky’s theory of uneven and combined development is a fruitful starting point.
Organizational Commitment of Korean American Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jun Myunghee , Kim Hye-Kyung , Kim Sungsu , Wreen Michael , Kim Yeon Hee , Vandenhouten Christine , Shin Soo Il
Published: February 2025

Background:

Studies on reducing the turnover of foreign-educated nurses (FENs) can help address the nursing shortage in the United States. Organizational commitment and associated factors have been explored in relation to lower turnover. Nursing researchers have identified job satisfaction, psychological contract breach, person-organization fit, and person-work setting fit as major factors in enhancing nurses’ organizational commitment. Research on the organizational commitment of Korean American (KA) nurses would provide insights into reducing turnover among FENs.

Objectives:

This study identifies some of the key factors that significantly enhance the organizational commitment of KA nurses.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study conducted with a survey was employed. One hundred fifty-one KA nurses working in US healthcare organizations participated in the study. Analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify the key factors associated with nurses’ organizational commitment.

Results:

Nurses with higher job satisfaction, lower perception of psychological contract breach, and higher perception of person-organization fit display a stronger organizational commitment. Other factors associated with organizational commitment are age and geographical work location. The adjusted R2 of the 5 factors included in the research model is 0.62 ( F[11,139] = 22.78, P = .001).

Conclusions:

Strategies are needed to enhance job satisfaction and perceived person-organization fit and to reduce psychological contract breach for KA and other FENs. The strategies should include comprehensive training and job-enculturation programs, systematic efforts for clear communication, and attention to respect and fairness for KA and other FENs.
Enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation of modified rigid polyurethane foams by few surface-functional silica aerogel
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Li Xiaoyu , Lei Xue , Lian Zhaolong , Ge Chao , Sun Jiuchao , Liu Ningning , Zhao Min , Huang Yudong , Wang Caifeng
Published: February 2025

Silica aerogel (SA) was functionalized by γ-amino propyl triethoxy silane (APTES) with long chain amino groups, and this surface-functional SA was filled into rigid polyurethane (PU) foams to enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation. It was proved that the active functional groups and different content of SA (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 wt%) played important roles in controlling cellular structure of PU foams. The results of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water absorption showed that the surface-functionalized SA made the cell uniformly and reduced the number of damage cells. The surface-functionalized SA had a positive effect on the hardness and density of the foams. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of PU foams was reduced by 17.60% and the compressive strength was increased by 43.27% at 0.5 wt% filler of surface-functional SA. The active functional groups (amino groups) of surface-functional SA could take place PU foaming reaction and enhance the interactions and compatibility between SA and matrix. Thus, these foams with small amounts of filler would find vast applications in the thermal insulation sectors.
Positive peripheral social partners: Relationship and social interaction evaluations across adulthood
Authors: Growney Claire M. , English Tammy
Published: February 2025

Older adults are theorized to prioritize relationships with close social partners who support their emotional goals. Throughout the lifespan, social partners of varying closeness may play different roles in one’s emotional life. We investigate the relationship between age, social closeness, and social partner evaluations at relationship and social interaction levels. Participants aged 25–85 ( N = 309) completed social network questionnaires with relationship evaluations of their enjoyment and conflict with partners of varying closeness. In an experience sampling procedure (6x/day for 10 days), participants reported on closeness, pleasure, and discomfort for their most recent social interaction, as well as momentary affect. Older age was associated with higher enjoyment of relationships with peripheral social network members and higher pleasure during interactions with less-close social partners. We also examined how links between momentary social closeness, evaluations, and affect vary by age. Among older, but not younger and middle-aged adults, prior social interaction pleasure was associated with higher positive affect regardless of relationship closeness. Older adults’ disproportionately positive evaluations of peripheral network members and interactions with non-close others may result from their pruning of social partners who do not support their emotional goals. Positive social interactions, even with acquaintances or other non-close partners, may become increasingly relevant for well-being across the adult lifespan.
Hot corrosion behavior of Y3NbO7 as thermal barrier coating material
Authors: P. V. Sachin Raj , S. P. Kumaresh Babu , P. V. Adarsh Vijayan , S. Manivannan
Published: February 2025

Y3NbO7, a simple ternary oxide, has shown excellent high-temperature stability lately. The growing need for more durable thermal barrier coatings in extreme conditions underscores the importance of exploring materials that can resist challenges like hot corrosion. This study examines the thermal barrier properties and hot corrosion characteristics of Y3NbO7. Thermal diffusivity and the coefficient of thermal expansion were measured using laser flash technique and dilatometry respectively. The interaction with the thermally grown oxide (TGO) was evaluated by exposing the Y3NbO7 powder to Al2O3 at high temperatures. To demonstrate the viability of the as-synthesized powder for coating deposition, a plasma sprayed TBC architecture was developed using the Y3NbO7 powder. The behavior of as-deposited coating under thermal shock was studied using thermal cycling test. Hot corrosion study was performed on Y3NbO7 pellets in a species composed of 32 wt% Na2SO4 and 68 wt% V2O5 at 900°C. The corrosion products were examined with X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The corrosion phenomenon was found to align with the Lewis acid-base theory, where Y2O3 was preferred over Nb2O5 for the acidic activity of V2O5.
Dynamic diffusion-weighted imaging of intracranial cardiac impulse propagation along arteries to arterioles in the aging brain
Authors: Wen Qiuting , Muskat Joseph , Babbs Charles F , Wright Adam M , Zhao Yi , Zhou Xiaopeng , Zhu Chengcheng , Tong Yunjie , Wu Yu-Chien , Risacher Shannon L , Saykin Andrew J
Published: February 2025

Intracranial cardiac impulse propagation along penetrating arterioles is vital for both nutrient supply via blood circulation and waste clearance via CSF circulation. However, current neuroimaging methods are limited to simultaneously detecting impulse propagation at pial arteries, arterioles, and between them. We hypothesized that this propagation could be detected via paravascular CSF dynamics and that it may change with aging. Using dynamic diffusion-weighted imaging (dynDWI), we detected oscillatory CSF motion synchronized with the finger photoplethysmography in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and cerebral cortex, with a delay revealing an impulse propagation pathway from the SAS to the cortex, averaging 84 milliseconds. Data from 70 subjects aged 18 to 85 years showed a bimodal age-related change in the SAS-Cortex travel time: it initially increases with age, peaks around 45 years, then decreases. Computational biomechanical modeling of the cardiovascular system was performed and replicated this 84-millisecond delay. Sensitivity analysis suggests that age-related variations in travel time are primarily driven by changes in arteriolar compliance. These findings support the use of dynDWI for measuring intracranial impulse propagation and highlight its potential in assessing related vascular and waste clearance functions.
Indigenous knowledge for climate change adaptation among Tanzanian smallholder farmers: A systematic review
Authors: Sospeter Martinus E , Mtega Wulystan Pius , Malekani Andrew
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the use of Indigenous knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation among smallholder farmers in Tanzania. It adheres to the PRISM (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The study includes 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2004 and 2023. The findings show that Indigenous knowledge is acquired from various sources, including personal experience, parents, friends and community members. Elders are key custodians of Indigenous knowledge. Smallholder farmers employ various techniques to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change, including mixed farming practices, crop diversification, the use of traditional water dams, prayer and cultural rituals, participating in non-farming activities, entrepreneurship and the use of locally made pesticides. The findings imply that Indigenous knowledge has the potential to solve contextual-based problems. This review recommends further research to document Indigenous knowledge of climate change adaptation across all regions and ethnic groups in Tanzania.
Evaluation of the analgesic effect of a combination of oral acetaminophen and oxycodone after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)
Authors: Zareian Baghdadabad Leila , Mohammadi Abdolreza , Menbari Oskouie Iman , Alaeddini Farshid , Farajidavar Hirad , Oliveira Reis Leonardo , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The present study aimed to compare the effects of suppository diclofenac (an example of NSAIDs) and oral administration of the combination of oxycodone (an example of an opioid) and acetaminophen in managing pain in patients with renal colic after SWL treatment.

Method:

The current study is a double-blind clinical trial involving individuals scheduled to receive elective SWL therapy for kidney and ureteral stones. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups using the block randomization technique: suppository Diclofenac (100 mg) or a combination of 325 mg Acetaminophen + 5 mg oxycodone administered orally for pain relief following SWL. Pain intensity was measured immediately after the SWL procedure, and analgesics were then given to the patients. After 30 min, pain severity was reassessed. The severity of pain in patients was documented before and after drug administration at 24, 48, and 72 h after the SWL intervention.

Results:

154 renal stone patients (63 females) underwent SWL with a mean age of 41.52 ± 10.52 years. The two groups were similar in terms of age ( p = 0.572), sex ( p = 0.212), location of the stone ( p = 0.868), size of the stone ( p = 0.762), and occurrence of complication ( p = 0.302). There was no significant difference in the reduction of pain severity between the two groups after 30 min ( p = 0.224), 2 days ( p = 0.501), and 3 days ( p = 0.229) following SWL intervention. However, after a 24-h follow-up, pain severity decreased more in the diclofenac group compared to the other group ( p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

The combination of oxycodone and acetaminophen, including a multimodal analgesic approach, can be considered a preferred option in the clinical setting for pain management of patients undergoing SWL. It provides relief for patients as effectively as NSAIDs, with the same safety profile, leading to high patient satisfaction.
Implementing biowaste source segregation for sustainable decentralized composting schemes in Tiassalé, southern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Dongo Kouassi , Yeo Dotanhan , Gnagne Théophile , Mertenat Adeline , Lüssenhop Phillipp , Zurbrügg Christian , Körner Ina
Published: February 2025

Research in sub-Saharan Africa has shown failures in most of municipal waste composting initiatives because of bad-quality composts due to the lack of biowaste source segregation. Until now, very few biowaste source-segregation initiatives have been carried out on this part of the world. This study aimed at assessing the biowaste sorting efficiency and the attitude of households towards a pilot biowaste source-segregation system linked to a decentralized composting plant in Tiassalé. For this purpose, the impurity rate of source-segregated biowaste was monitored through the first year of implementation. Then, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate households’ attitude. The results have shown that the average impurities rate in source-segregated biowaste was very low (1%). This finding was confirmed by the results of laboratory analysis which revealed a very low heavy metals (0.2, 12.4, 7.1 and 15.5 mg kg−1 DS for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb, respectively) contamination in the compost produced. Regarding the acceptability of the source-segregation system, the results showed that the majority (75%) of the participants accepted the source-segregation system of biowaste and almost half (47%) of them were ready to pay for such a collection service. In conclusion, this study revealed that providing households with the needed municipal solid waste management infrastructures and rising awareness about biowaste source segregation are keys for the establishment of such a collection system in Tiassalé and similar urban areas. The findings also proved the effectiveness of biowaste source-segregation system in the production of high-quality compost.
Baicalin loaded monodispersed polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres preparation by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane emulsification for wound healing in dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Zhong Wenwei , Cao Xiang , Zeng Haoran , Tang Manqun , Li Guizhen , Xiong Jia , Wang Yunong , Guo Liwei , Ji Jing
Published: February 2025

The development of injectable bio-stimulating polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres for wound healing has strict requirement on size and morphology control, particularly favoring microspheres within the range between 20-50 µm. PCL microspheres with smaller sizes are phagocyted at rapid rate while larger microspheres could cause inflammation. Homogenization can be regarded as an irreversible process to generate microspheres of particular size range while it still remains as the most common approach for microspheres production. Membrane emulsification technology shows great potential in fine tailoring of microspheres while still holds promising ability for scale-up production. Membranes with uniform large pores and dual hydrophilicity might be capable of the production of large microspheres via emulsification with tailorable size distribution. The aim of this study is to verify the feasibility of PVDF membranes with large pores on the generation of PCL microspheres via the combined crystallization diffusion (CCD) approach. The effect of dope solution concentration and PVDF molecular weights on membrane morphologies and the corresponding microspheres characteristics were investigated. Results showed that concentration of 20 wt% produced microspheres at desirable size of 24.14 µm and the optimal span of 0.53. Microspheres with narrow distribution showed the highest drug loading efficiency of baicalin at 8.42 %. The baicalin loaded PCL microspheres presented gradual release of drug release over 33-day of in vitro testing and significantly improved cell growth rate of 111.67 % as compared to the ones prepared by homogenization approach. The wound healing ability was enhanced after the treatment of baicalin-loaded PCL microspheres as compared to empty loaded PCL microspheres.
Algorithm-based strategy to define an equivalent railway track for wear simulations
Authors: Augusto de Paula Pacheco Philipe , Valente Lopes Matheus , Correa Pedro Henrique Alves , Bosso Nicola , Magelli Matteo , Zampieri Nicolò , Antunes dos Santos Auteliano
Published: February 2025

Multibody simulations of train dynamics commonly employ generic short tracks to validate and observe the behaviour of wagons in certain conditions. However, for proper wheel wear analysis, the entire railway track should be modelled, increasing computational cost and time to obtain worn profiles and wear parameters. The major novelty of this work is the description of a reproducible algorithm-based methodology to obtain a statistically representative shorter equivalent railway track for wear simulations. The proposed methodology includes combining a real measured track with multibody dynamic simulation. To verify the approach, a case study was conducted on a 505 km-long railway in Brazil. Additionally, two distinct vehicles were employed: a European wagon with a standard gauge and a Brazilian wagon with a meter gauge. The shorter equivalent tracks were compared in terms of worn area and wear depth to the initial track, and the generated tracks were cross-compared between vehicles to verify the robustness of the method. It is observed that wear simulations can be performed more efficiently and effectively, reducing the computational time by at least 94%, while still obtaining accurate results, given that the final equivalent tracks were 18.59 times shorter for the Brazilian model and 22.45 times shorter for the European model comparing to the real track, with the maximum deviation being 6.55% in flange depth and with a maximum root mean-square error (RMSE) of 871 nm.
Science capital: Results from a Finnish population survey
Authors: Kaakinen Johanna K. , Havu-Nuutinen Sari , Häikiö Tuomo , Julku Hanna , Koskela Teija , Mikkilä-Erdmann Mirjamaija , Pihlajamäki Milla , Pritup Daria , Pulkkinen Kirsi , Saarikivi Katri , Simola Jaana , Wikström Valtteri
Published: February 2025

This study examined science capital among Finnish adults ( N = 1572), who responded to 37 survey items assessing science capital. Factor analysis suggested four science capital dimensions: visiting science-related places, science attitudes, science-related self-efficacy, and early support for studying natural sciences. Higher education and higher parental education were linked to higher science capital across all dimensions. Older participants exhibited lower science-related self-efficacy, less early support, and more negative science attitudes than younger respondents. Age and education were stronger predictors of science-related self-efficacy and early encouragement for men than women, and mothers’ education had a weaker effect on science-related self-efficacy for men. The results show that science capital is a multidimensional construct and highlights that younger generations in Finland have had more opportunities to develop their science capital. These findings emphasize the need for early and equitable support to foster positive science attitudes and participation.
Should we express gratitude in human–AI interaction: The online public’s moral stance toward artificial intelligence assistants in China
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Chu Jianxun
Published: February 2025

The ethical dimensions of human–AI (artificial intelligence) interaction demand attention. As artificial intelligence assistants become more anthropomorphized, will the public interact with AI as humans morally? This study applied content analysis to data from an online question-and-answer platform in China ( N = 287) to explore the public’s judgments of gratitude toward artificial intelligence assistants. The findings revealed the majority supports expressing gratitude, while a significant minority disagrees, indicating diverse ethical judgments. By further analyzing people’s reasoning, this study found that supporters attribute gratitude to moral autonomy driven by virtue ethics, moral responsibility for responsible AI, and the perceived source identity of anthropomorphized AI as human, aligning with the Computers-are-Social-Actors paradigm. In contrast, opponents doubt AI’s moral agency, highlighting the perceived source of AI as machines, and they judge that treating it with human manners is useless and potentially dangerous. These insights enhance the understanding of the public’s view of ethical considerations regarding AI assistants, contribute to gratitude research in the context of human–AI interaction, extend the moral dimension of the Computers-are-Social-Actors paradigm, and emphasize the importance of moral and responsible AI use. Suggestions for future research based on the exploratory findings are also discussed.
Stealthing: Decoding the Notion of ‘Consent’ in Light of Indian Legal Jurisprudence
Authors: Kabra Aanchal , Dube Dipa
Published: February 2025

Stealthing is the surreptitious removal of a condom during sexual intercourse which affects the consent of the victim. Analysing the current academic debate around stealthing, this paper deliberates on the different methods utilised by scholars to prove the vitiation of consent to sexual intercourse after condom removal. Based on the pioneering work on this subject, the three primary criteria discussed are risk, literal fact and deception. The Indian courts’ understanding of consent could prove to be helpful to the global debate on the flaws in the three approaches. This paper concludes that such jurisprudence will significantly benefit from the current understanding of consent in India, especially in the case of ‘rape by deception’. Further research into the subject of non-consensual condom removal (NCCR) and consent itself is imperative.
Ownership, Cash and Corporate Financial Performance in Indian Firms: Evidence Based on Agency Theory
Authors: Singh Kuldeep
Published: February 2025

The study inspects how ownership structure and cash holdings (CETA) impact corporate financial performance (CFP) in Indian non-financial firms. The study uses quantile regression for panel data with Markov Chain Monte Carlo on six years of data from 78 non-financial firms in India. The results indicate that a U-shaped relationship exists between ownership, in general, and CFP. It means initially, a negative association exists to a minimum threshold, and then it exhibits a positive association. Additionally, promoters’ ownership moderates the effects of CETA on CFP positively, while institutional ownership exhibits a negative moderation. The study signifies that the aforementioned results follow the principles of agency theory.
Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Simultaneous Integrated Boost Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Combined With Anlotinib in the Treatment of Brain Metastases
Authors: Tao Wei , Jiang Chunyu , Xie Jiaqi , Liu Wei , Wang Shuan , Zhang Jianyu , Qiao Xue , Yu Jingyi , Jia Ting , Cao Yuandong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Whole-brain radiotherapy simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (WBRT + SIB-IMRT) is a potential treatment approach for brain metastasis (BM) that may result in improved overall survival (OS). However, the safety and efficacy of WBRT + SIB-IMRT combined with anlotinib for BM treatment remain uncertain.

Methods

We retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy of anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT with those of WBRT + SIB-IMRT in patients with BM from 2019 to 2022. The adverse reaction type and grade, intracranial objective response rate (iORR), intracranial disease control rate (iDCR), OS, and intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) of anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT were compared with those of WBRT + SIB-IMRT alone.

Results

In total, 63 patients received either anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT or WBRT + SIB-IMRT alone (n = 31 and 32, respectively). No significant clinical differences were found between the two groups. The iORR and iDCR were higher in the anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT group than in the WBRT + SIB-IMRT group. The median iPFS and median OS of the 31 patients who received anlotinib + WBRT + SIB-IMRT were 14.5 and 18.9 months, respectively, whereas the median iPFS and median OS for the 32 patients who received WBRT + SIB-IMRT alone were 11.4 and 14.9 months, respectively. Thus, anlotinib combined with WBRT + SIB-IMRT increased the duration of iPFS, but not OS. iPFS was influenced by the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, age, extracranial distant metastasis, and addition of anlotinib to treatment, whereas OS correlated with age, extracranial distant metastasis, and KPS score. No treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in either group.

Conclusions

Anlotinib combined with WBRT + SIB-IMRT is effective for BM and is well tolerated by patients.
Contribution of the Brief Family Strength–Oriented Therapeutic Conversation Intervention to Early Childhood Sleep Health: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Flygerning Kristin Bjorg , Sigurdardottir Anna Olafia
Published: February 2025

The family context is an important factor for sleep health in early childhood. About 40% of children between 0 and 3 years have problems regarding sleep that can affect their development. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the brief family strength–oriented therapeutic conversation intervention to early-childhood sleep health. Data were collected in 2020–2021 from 57 primary caregivers of young children with moderate or severe sleep difficulties. The intervention was delivered through (a) a one 60-min face-to-face family educational and support session and (b) one to six 20- to 40-min telephone sessions based on the families’ needs. After the intervention, primary caregivers reported greater family support, more helpful beliefs about their infant’s/child sleep patterns, better family quality of life (QOL), better self-regulation regarding learning to fall and staying asleep among infants, and longer sleep periods at night in infants. These findings may prevent infants sleep difficulties from increasing and becoming more serious.
Mohave Rattlesnake Envenomation Causing Allergic Myocardial Infarction (Kounis Syndrome) and Neurotoxic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Mookadam Martina , Vukomanovic Damir , Yazdchi Siamac , Unzek Samuel , Mookadam Farouk
Published: February 2025

Mohave rattlesnakes ( Crotalus scutulatus) are known to inhabit the deserts of southwestern United States, with their territory extending into southern Mexico. Envenomation can impart dramatic local and systemic effects on the body, ranging from local skin necrosis to neurotoxicity, depending on the protein complex in the venom. Kounis syndrome, or allergic angina, is an allergic response to a specific insult that results in myocardial injury often in the form of coronary artery vasospasm but can include myocardial infarction and coronary stent thrombosis. To our knowledge, there have not been any reports associating C scutulatus envenomation with Kounis syndrome. We describe a patient who developed Kounis syndrome presenting as an allergic myocardial infarction following envenomation by a Mohave rattlesnake. A second unique feature of this patient's envenomation is that he experienced respiratory failure secondary to right hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. Severe neurotoxicity from Mohave rattlesnake bites in humans has been reported rarely in the literature.
Incidence and Outcomes of Tree Stand Injuries in Rural Pennsylvania
Authors: Lachance Andrew , Oravic Michael , Steika Roman , Crymes Colt , Aynaszyan Stephan , Gagliardi Alexia , Choi Joseph
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In the United States, more than 11.5 million people participate in hunting. Deer hunters commonly use tree stands as tall as 8 m. Falls from tree stands can cause injury and even death. Previous studies have investigated the types of injuries sustained from tree stand falls, but few have investigated patient outcomes. This study investigated patient outcomes related to tree stand falls and analyzed injury types resulting from tree stand falls, and this paper discusses factors that may lead to tree stand falls.

Methods

This study used a retrospective chart review of patients at the same institution between January 1, 2012, and August 31, 2022. Patient information, injury type, fall height, and interventions were collected.

Results

A total of 38 patients were included in the study, 36 males (94.70%) and 2 females (5.30%). The average fall height from a tree stand was 4.22±1.62 m (13.86±5.30 ft). Of the 38 patients, 19 had sustained orthopedic injuries to their upper extremity, lower extremity, spine/pelvis, or multiple areas; the average fall height of this subgroup was 4.51±1.76 m (14.79±5.76 ft). Nonoperative management was the highest used intervention because 12 patients did not require surgery. Orthopedic surgery was used to treat 6 patients, and 1 patient had nonorthopedic surgery.

Conclusions

Although tree stand falls are rare, the injuries they cause can be fatal. Injury severity and outcome are determined by a multitude of factors. This study highlights the significance of these injuries and the importance of practicing safe guidelines while hunting.
I Wish I Had Known That! Impactful Guidance and Perspectives for a Fulfilling Career in Toxicology
Authors: Graham Jessica C. , Bercu Joel , Fortin Marie C. , Kiorpes Andy , Sethi Sunjay , Roy Robert
Published: February 2025

Have you ever reflected on your career or other experiences and thought, if I knew 10 or 20 years ago, what I know now, it would have enabled me to do this or that better—or I would have had a different attitude or perhaps even taken a different path? This article presents the proceedings from the symposium entitled “I Wish I Had Known That! Impactful Guidance and Perspectives for a Fulfilling Career in Toxicology” held at the 2023 annual meeting of the American College of Toxicology. In this session, toxicology professionals reflected on the highlights of their careers, the most impactful advice/mentoring they received or wish they had received, and the characteristics that have been key components of their success. This session consisted of didactic talks from a diverse panel representing various career stages and backgrounds, followed by a panel discussion and the opportunity for the audience to ask questions. Using a structured approach, speakers actively engaged the audience, providing insights gained through their professional journeys. This article offers experiential-based insights to help guide individuals in achieving successful and fulfilling careers in toxicology, considering both professional aspirations and the integration of personal values with life goals.
A Rejection-Based Model of Partial Service Termination and its Impact on Unprofitable Customers
Authors: Béal Mathieu , Lécuyer Charlotte , Bayart Caroline , Clot Denis
Published: February 2025

This research examines partial service termination (PST) as a strategy that allows companies to deliberately cease providing unprofitable customers with certain services while maintaining relationships with those customers. Through a preliminary qualitative study, a quasi-experiment, and two scenario-based experiments, this research contributes to the intentional service failures literature by demonstrating negative customer reactions to PST. First, the results showed that PST increases the probability of customers terminating their other contracts by 2.14 times while increasing their propensity to spread negative word-of-mouth (nWOM). Second, using belongingness theory, we identify the key underlying psychological process behind PST: customers interpret PST as a threat to their need to belong in relationships with companies, which is reflected in their feelings of rejection and anger. Third, relationship breadth and three recovery tactics (i.e., monetary compensation, explanations, and support in finding alternatives) were identified as contingent variables that buffer the negative consequences of PST. Customers with high relationship breadth are less likely to terminate other contracts and bad-mouth following PST. This is likely because high relationship breadth reduces perceived rejection following PST. Furthermore, a combination of monetary compensation, explanations, and support in finding alternatives represents the most efficient recovery approach to reduce anger.
Long-term impact of physical activity and sports participation on implant integrity in resurfacing hip arthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Levett Jordan J , Alnasser Abdulrhman , Teoli Anthony , Martel Simon , Robbins Shawn , Huk Olga L , Zukor David J , Antoniou John
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and resurfacing hip arthroplasty (RHA) offer promising therapeutic solutions to physically active patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). The impact of physical activity on long-term implant integrity in this population remains unknown. This systematic review compares the impact of physical activity and sports participation on implant integrity in THA versus RHA.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase (both via Ovid), Scopus, and CINAHL was conducted from inception to May 2023 following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Implant integrity was measured either radiographically, via serum metal ion levels or revision rates.

Results:

A total of 16 studies with 4676 patients (THA: 3146; RHA: 1530) met the inclusion criteria. The median age at surgery was 60 years (range 49 to 86) in THA and 54 (range 49–61) years in RHA. At a median follow-up of 7.1 (range 4.8–13.1) years in THA and 10 (range 2.8–11.7) years in RHA, 3 studies out of 12, including 65.7% of the patients who underwent THA, and 2 studies out of 5, including 30.1% of the patients who underwent RHA, demonstrated that increased physical activity was associated with poor implant survivorship.

Conclusions:

Patients undergoing THA or RHA should be counselled to participate in moderate physical activity and may benefit from avoiding sports that exert an excessive load on their implants. On average, the quality of the studies was moderate. The outcome measures used to quantify physical activity and implant integrity are heterogenous.
Platformed creativity: Female chuktubers in Korean football media
Authors: Kim Ju Oak
Published: February 2025

This study proposes the concept of platformed creativity to examine how new technologies have engaged in the social dynamics of creative practices. In recent years, a few Korean female digital creators have become visible by producing and sharing gender-bound football media content on YouTube. Based on a critical discourse analysis involving the channels of four female Korean chuktubers, I found that this user-generated media platform offers these female digital creators the opportunity to capitalize on their unpopular and unconventional characteristics and narratives, allowing them to transform their creative practices into collective resistance against gender norms and hierarchies in the football media industry. However, YouTube also limits these chuktubers’ creative possibilities to the extent that it does not fundamentally intervene in the existing gender architecture within society. This study concludes that user-generated media platforms invigorate the social dynamics of creative practices while simultaneously controlling the social potential of creative imagination.
Encapsulated papillary carcinoma of breast: Comparative study of multimodal ultrasound manifestations and pathological features
Authors: Wu Zehong , Li Huajuan , Chen Zihao , Zhou Honglian , Liang Xin , Huang Xing , Wang Jiexin , Chen Ting , Xu Xiaohong , Yang Yuping
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the conventional ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) manifestations and the corresponding histopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with breast encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) and to explore the value of CEUS in diagnosis of EPC.

Methods

The clinical, pathological, US, and CEUS features of 16 patients (17 lesions) with EPC confirmed by postoperative histopathology were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

EPC was prevalent in the postmenopausal women. The majority of conventional US images of EPC showed complex cystic and solid masses with circumscribed margins (70.6%), enhanced posterior echo (94.1%), no sonographic calcification (88.2%), rich blood flow in the solid components within lesions (70.6%) on Color Doppler flow imaging, and high resistance index of blood flow (94.1%). Moreover, CEUS showed mainly centripetal hyperenhancement of the solid components within the lesions with irregular outline, and the enhancement area of the whole masses was essentially the same as the B-mode US area.

Conclusions

EPC typically presents as a complex cystic and solid mass. CEUS is helpful to clarify the extent of the solid component and facilitate preoperative core-needle biopsy. A comprehensive evaluation by CEUS is valuable for diagnosing EPC and combining it with clinical features are helpful to further improve the diagnosis of this rare kind of breast cancer.