bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Response of Lobster Panulirus Homarus Reared in Tanks and in Floating Net Cages Fed with Compound and Fresh Feed
Authors: Giri Nyoman Adiasmara , Irvin Simon , Haryanti Haryanti , Sudewi Sudewi , Selamet Bejo , Jones Clive M. , Mujiono Mujiono
Published: December 2023

Feeding efficiency is an important factor that supports the success of lobster grow-out culture. This study aimed to investigate growth of different sex of lobsters after being fed with combination of compound and fresh feed in indoor tanks (experiment-1) and growth of male lobster fed with different co-feeding diets in net floating cages (experiment-2). In experiment-1, five replicates of ten lobsters (191.1 ± 18.1 g) for each different sex (i.e., all males, males and females, and all females) were reared in 2 × 2 × 1 m3 tanks with flow through water system and fed with combination of compound (75%) and fresh feed (25%) for 120 days. In experiment-2, four replicates of 20 all male lobsters (183.6 ± 17.6 g) were reared in 12 net cages of 2 × 2 × 2.5 m3 and were fed with compound feed only, compound feed (75%) and fresh feed (25%), and compound feed (75%) with mussel meat (25%) for 120 days. Experiment-1 showed that growth (quantified as weight gain) of all male lobsters was the highest (59.4 ± 10.0 g). Experiment-2 showed that compound feed combined with fresh feed resulted in higher growth of lobster (0.73 ± 0.17 g) than 100% compound feed. There was no difference in survival rate of lobster among the treatment in both experiments with 94 – 100% in experiment-1 and 75.2 to 85.0% in experiment-2. The mortality of lobster caused by Milky Hemolymph Disease (MHD) in floating cage was found higher than in indoor tanks.
Revealing the Potency of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoline as Antimalaria Through Combination of in Silico Studies
Authors: Rasyid Herlina , Soekamto Nunuk Hariani , Firdausiah Syadza , Mardiyanti Riska , Bahrun Bahrun , Siswanto Siswanto , Muhammad Aswad Muhammad Aswad , Saputri Wahyu Dita , Suma Artania A. T. , Syahrir Nur Hilal , Listyarini Risnita Vicky
Published: December 2023

The potency of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoline as an antimalarial agent has been studied through quantitative structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation as a combination of in silicostudies. The study commenced by applying quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) to 25 derivative compounds using 3D-descriptor. The genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis were used to construct the QSAR model, which resulting an equation that has Rtraining as 0.8100 and Rtest set as 0.9222. Descriptors involved in the QSAR equation are TDB4 m, TDB8s, RDF30e, and RDF552, all of which belong to the group of 3D autocorrelation and RDF. This result is in line with the principal component analysis, which shows that both group descriptors represent whole 3D descriptors. Molecular docking analysis is conducted to study the interaction between pyrazoline derivatives and the falcipain-2 enzyme. Interactions between compound 14 and falcipain-2 is describing by hydrogen bond against Glu14 amino acid residue, more pi-stacking interaction, and van der Waals. Chloroquine as a positive control also presented one hydrogen bond with Gly83, pi-sulfur against Cys42, and van der Waals. The stability of the ligand–enzyme interaction is evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation, and after 100 ns simulations, the root mean square deviation results show that compound 14 and chloroquine have a stable interaction with the falcipain-2 enzyme. Overall, this research provides the insight of 1,3,5-trisubstitued pyrazoline compounds as antimalaria by giving a QSAR equation and used to design a better falcipain-2 inhibitors.
Antimicrobial Property of Photocatalytic Nanoparticles-Coated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Sree Pathi Subash Nambiar , Mohamad Zin Noraziah , Abd Rahim Nurul Amira , Abu Bakar Nur Faizah , Wong Kon Ken
Published: December 2023

Photocatalytic nanoparticles are new applications that can be used as coatings on surfaces through a photocatalytic process that reacts in the presence of chemical catalysts and light. The resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) would damage pathogenic components and result in antimicrobial effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of photocatalytic nanoparticles on personal protective equipment (PPE), namely surgical gowns and masks. Antimicrobial testing of photocatalytic nanoparticles against PPE inoculated with pathogens was carried out. The growth log reduction of isolates tested on the photocatalytic nanoparticles-coated PPE showed 100% with growth reduction exceeding 4 log against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as well as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 but less than 50% reduction against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. For 20 h incubation periods, both bacteria showed growth reduction of at least 4 log with 99.99% of reduction. The 5 and 20 times washing effects showed an overall reduction of 99.99%-100% against both bacteria but less than 99.99% against C. albicans. Photocatalytic nanocoating produces an antimicrobial effect that helps to kill the tested pathogens and reduce the attachment of bacteria but not fungi, on the surface of PPE. This nanoparticle is capable of continuous self-disinfection to reduce the number of pathogens. The number of washing cycle also does not affect its function to reduce the number of pathogens.
Classifying Severity of Unhealthy Air Pollution Events in Malaysia: A Decision Tree Model
Authors: Masseran Nurulkamal , Mohd Tajuddin Razik Ridzuan , Latif Mohd Talib
Published: December 2023

The application of data mining technique in dealing with real problems is popular and ubiquitous in various knowledge domains. This study proposes the concept of severity measures correspond to the characteristics of duration and intensity size for evaluating unhealthy air pollution events. In parallel with that, the present study also proposes a decision tree as a predictive model to deal with a binary classification corresponding to extreme and non-extreme unhealthy air pollution events, which is established based on threshold of the power-law behavior. In a similar vein, other characteristics, such as duration and intensity size, were also determined as important related features. A case study was conducted using the air pollution index data of Klang, Malaysia, from January 1st, 1997 to August 31st, 2020. The results found that the decision tree model can provide a high degree of precision and generalization with 100% accuracy in classifying a class for extreme and non-extreme events for the air pollution severity in the Klang area. In addition, a duration size is the most influential feature that leads to the occurrence of an extreme air pollution event. Thus, this study also suggests that authorities should exercise some vigilance precautions with respect to pollution incidents with a consecutive duration exceeding 11 hours.
Ergenlerde Sosyal Medya Kullanımı, Sosyal Fobi ve Riskli Davranışlar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DUMAN Berkan , BAŞTEMUR Şule
Published: December 2023

İçerisinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda internetin hayatımızdaki öneminin artmasıyla birlikte sosyal paylaşım uygulamalarının sayısının ve insanların uygulamalarda geçirdikleri sürenin arttığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte İnternetin aşırı kullanımına bağlı olarak bireylerde gelişimsel, psikolojik ve sosyal sorunlar gibi olumsuz durumların ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. İnternet tabanlı sosyal medya platformlarında amacına yönelik olarak geçirilmeyen aşırı süre olarak karşımıza çıkan sosyal medya bağımlılığı, ergenlerin en sık karşı karşıya kaldığı sorunlardan biridir. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ergenlerin sosyal çevreleriyle kurdukları iletişimi etkilemektedir. Ergenlerin çevresiyle kurdukları iletişimin yanında sergiledikleri davranış örüntülerini de etkileyen sosyal medya bağımlılığı, ergenlerin olumsuz deneyimlerle karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ergenlik dönemindeki ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin sosyal fobi, sosyal medya bağımlılığı düzeyleri ve sergiledikleri riskli davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Şanlıurfa Eyyübiye ilçesindeki 738 ortaöğretim öğrencisinden veri toplanan çalışmada "Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği", "Ergenler İçin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” ve "Ergenler İçin Riskli Davranışlar Ölçeği “nden faydalanılmıştır. Nicel veri analizlerinden yararlanılan çalışmada Pearson korelasyon ve Hayes'in Process Macro analizleri kullanılarak normallik testi yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler doğrultusunda ergenlerin sosyal fobi, sosyal medya bağımlılığı düzeyleri ve sergiledikleri riskli davranışlar arasındaki ilişkilerin anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ergenlerin sosyal medya bağımlılıklarının, sosyal fobilerini ve sergiledikleri riskli davranışları %5 düzeyinde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu duruma ek olarak ergenlerin sosyal fobilerinin ve sergiledikleri riskli davranışların, sosyal medya bağımlılıklarını anlamlı olarak etkilediği ve etkileme düzeyinin %5 olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın elde edilen sonuçları tartışma bölümünde ele alınarak çalışmaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
BILEVEL PROBLEMS AND TWO-STAGE PROXIMAL ALGORITHM
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Denysov S. V. , Semenov V. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shavlyuk A. Yu. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider bilevel problem: variational inequality problem over the set of solutions the equilibrium problems. To solve this problem, an iterative algorithm is proposed that combines the ideas of a two-stage proximal method and iterative regularization. In addition, an adaptive version of the algorithm with a rule for updating parameters without using the values of the Lipschitz constants of the bifunction was studied. For monotone bifunctions of Lipschitz type and strongly monotone Lipschitz continuous operators, the theorem on strong convergence of sequences generated by the algorithms is proved.
Anthropogenic landscapes of the Chornobyl radiation-ecological biosphere reserve
Authors:   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Baydikov Ivan A.
Published: December 2023

The isolation of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone within the country and the consequent lack of intensive anthropogenic impacts on its landscapes made it possible to study them in detail, in particular by observing the restoration of their (landscapes) anthropogenic differences to the natural / conditional natural state in real time. This study was carried out within the Chernobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve, in the landscape structure of which the main representative landscape complexes of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are presented, including their anthropogenic deviations. Within the territory of the Chernobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve, seven main landscapes are distinguished: Ivankivsky, Dymersko-Makarivsky, Korogodsko-Vilchansky, Uzhsky, Shepelychsky, Gdensky, Nizhnepripyatsky (Davidchuk et al., 2011). Each of these landscapes structurally includes anthropogenized forest, agricultural, water, as well as – industrial (primarily road) and residential landscape complexes (including abandoned settlements). Isolation and determination of features of anthropogenized differences of Chernobyl landscapes, by studying the current state of landscape complexes, representative of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP, is the main purpose of this study. The analysis of the landscapes of the Chernobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve was carried out at the level of tracts and localities, taking into account the features of aboriginal phyto- and zoobiota as important indicators of the state and degree of anthropogenic transformation of existing landscapes. For example, the degree of anthropogenization of forest (forest phytovariant) landscape complexes should be determined depending on the remoteness of their current state relative to their own initial (natural) state - taking into account changes in species composition. The peculiarities of the dynamics of changes in landscape complexes depending on the degree of anthropogenic influences on them are also noted. In general, the structure of anthropogenic landscapes within the Chernobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve is characterized by significant diversity due to the specifics and intensity of existing anthropogenic impacts, including due to a certain isolation of this area. This will contribute to the partial restoration of existing anthropogenically altered landscapes to a conditionally natural state.
Anomalies of air temperature in Chernihiv region
Authors:   Odessa State Environmental University, Odessa, Ukraine, Nazhmudinova Helena N.
Published: December 2023

In the context of modern climate change, the air temperature rises throughout Ukraine, while it is in the north of the country that significant positive temperature anomalies are released, the repetitiveness and duration of periods of summer heat and droughts increase. The temperature regime on the territory of Chernihiv region is investigated according to the data of seven weather stations: Nizhyn, Oster, Pokoshichi, Pryluky, Semenivka, Snovsk (Schors), Chernihiv. The purpose of the study is to determine the distribution of temperature anomalies for the period 1991–2020. The objectives of the study are to establish changes in the indicators of absolute highs and minimum air temperature and anomalies of the average monthly and average annual temperature. During the study period, the absolute maximum air temperature was exceeded at 5 stations in 2010 with an extreme in Semenivka of 41.4°; for the entire period, the absolute minimum was higher than the climatic norm at the stations by 3.4...7.2°С. The average absolute maximum and minimum air temperature increased at all stations, on average in the region by 2.6 and 1.9°C, respectively. The study of changes in air temperature for decades indicates a gradual increase in temperature every next 10 years. This is especially indicated in the distribution of average absolute minimums; average absolute highs emit the warmest decade of 2001–2010, due to abnormally hot August 2010. Comparison of the thirty years (1961–1990 and 1991–2020) clearly demonstrates the tendency for the temperature to rise. Average monthly air temperature at all stations of the region highlights positive anomalies, the largest – in January–February and March (2–3°C), the smallest – in May and autumn. The average absolute maximum temperature in all months was higher than normal, and only in Chernihiv in September corresponded to the climatological norm, the highest anomalies of 2.4–3.1°C were noted in October. The average absolute minimum allocated the largest positive anomaly in January and March (⁓3°C), only in April in the region the average minimum temperature was below the norm by 0.1°C, and in October it corresponded to the norm. MS Chernigov and Semenovka show slightly higher above zero temperature anomalies.
Predictive power of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index for mortality in patients over 80 years of age undergoing open heart surgery
Authors: ÇOBAN Özgür , UÇAK Hacı Ali
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive power of the geriatric nutritional risk index, calculated using the preoperative albumin value of patients over 80 years old who underwent open-heart surgery, in relation to the postoperative mortality rate.

Materials and Methods: A total of 22 patients (13 males, 9 females; mean age: 82.1±2.4 years; range, 80-88 years) who underwent open elective heart surgery for coronary bypass and heart valve replacement between July 2019 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed using the geriatric nutritional risk index. Based on this index, two distinct groups were formed. Values 98 and below were considered risky, and values 99 and above were considered risk-free. There were 6 patients in the risk group. The other 16 patients were in the risk-free group. All patient groups were compared on the basis of surgical procedures, age, gender, body mass index (kg/m2), diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and operative characteristics.

Results: In the study, 6 risky (27.3%) and 16 risk-free (%72.7) patients were examined according to the geriatric nutritional risk index and the mortality rate was found to be high (%66.7) in the risky group. The patients in the risk group had lower body mass index and albumin values (25.0±1.8 and 30.1±2.4) compared with the risk-free group (28.1±2.4 and 36.7±3.1). In addition, the mean extubation values were high (11.2±4.2). No significant difference was found between the other parameters and the presence of risk.

Conclusion: Before undergoing open heart surgery, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index can strongly predict postoperative mortality rates.
Farmakovijilansın Dijitalleşmesi: Yapay Zeka ve Veri Analitiğinin Rolü
Authors: DOKUMACI Algül Dilara , KARATAŞ Yusuf
Published: December 2023

Sağlık hizmetlerinin ve ilaç endüstrisinin dijital dönüşümü, farmakovijilans alanında önemli bir adım olarak kabul edilmektedir. Standart farmakovijilans yaklaşımları daha fazla zaman ve iş gücü gerektirmektedir ve büyük veri ve yapay zeka kullanımının farmakovijilans faaliyetlerinin etkinliğini artırabileceği iddia edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu makalede farmakovijilansın dijitalleşmesini ve yapay zeka ile veri analitiğinin rolünü ele alıyoruz. İlaç keşfinin zorlukları ve maliyetleri tartışılmakta, ilaç programlarının yüksek başarısızlık oranı ve yeni ilaçların piyasaya sürülme maliyetinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Ayrıca bu makale, ilaç güvenliği için gelecekteki olasılıkları vurgulamakta ve sağlık ve ilaç endüstrilerinin dijitalleşmeye odaklanarak ilerlemesi gerektiğini önermektedir.
Ensemble Region-Specific GMMs for Subduction Earthquakes
Authors: Sedaghati Farhad , Pezeshk Shahram
Published: December 2023

This study develops data-driven global and region-specific ground-motion models (GMMs) for subduction earthquakes using a weighted average ensemble model to combine four different nonparametric supervised machine-learning (ML) algorithms, including an artificial neural network, a kernel ridge regressor, a random forest regressor, and a support vector regressor. To achieve this goal, we train individual models using a subset of the Next Generation Attenuation-Subduction (NGA-Sub) data set, including 9559 recordings out of 153 interface and intraslab earthquakes recorded at 3202 different stations. A grid search is used to find each model’s best hyperparameters. Then, we use an equally weighted average ensemble approach to combine these four models. Ensemble modeling is a technique that combines the strengths of multiple ML algorithms to mitigate their weaknesses. The ensemble model considers moment magnitude (M), rupture distance (Rrup), time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30), and depth to the top of the rupture plane (Ztor), as well as tectonic and region as input parameters, and predicts various median orientation-independent horizontal component ground-motion intensity measures such as peak ground displacement, peak ground velocity, peak ground acceleration, and 5%-damped pseudospectral acceleration values at spectral periods of 0.01–10 s in log scale. Although no functional form is defined, the response spectra and the distance and magnitude scaling trends of the weighted average ensemble model are consistent and comparable with the NGA-Sub GMMs, with slightly lower standard deviations. A mixed effects regression analysis is used to partition the total aleatory variability into between-event, between-station, and event-site-corrected components. The derived global GMMs are applicable to interface earthquakes with M 4.9–9.12, 14≤Rrup≤1000  km, and Ztor≤47  km for sites having VS30values between 95 and 2230 m/s. For intraslab events, the derived global GMMs are applicable to M 4.0–8.0, 28≤Rrup≤1000  km, and 30≤Ztor≤200  km for sites having VS30 values between 95 and 2100 m/s.
Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el perfil lipídico en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Valle Muñoz Víctor Manuel , Vanaclocha-Amat Pepe , Villa-González Emilio
Published: December 2023

El desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) ateroscleróticas comienza en edades tempranas y está influenciado por factores genéticos y ambientales. La literatura actual propone el entrenamiento de fuerza (EF) como un medio para reducir el riesgo de ECV y mejorar el perfil lipídico en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Con el objetivo de examinar los efectos de un programa de EF en este grupo de población, se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando el protocolo PRISMA y se buscaron estudios en cinco bases de datos (Pubmed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Embase y Web of Science). Un total de 11 estudios cumplieron los criterios finales de inclusión. Los resultados de esta revisión indicaron que las intervenciones de EF supervisadas y realizadas al menos 3 días a la semana con una duración de 8 semanas, mejoraron significativamente los parámetros lipídicos del colesterol (CT) y las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL). Los programas de EF pueden ser considerados como un tratamiento no farmacológico adecuado para mejorar el perfil lipídico y la salud cardiovascular de niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad.
ON THE MAXIMUM CIRCULAR INVERSES OF MAXIMUM CIRCLES
Authors: EKMEKÇİ Süheyla
Published: December 2023

In this study, the inverses of maximum circles under the maximum circular inversion are examined. The maximum circular inversion is observed to transform maximum circles to curves consisting of parabolic arcs, line segments, and sometimes rays. It is seen that the image curve occurs in different shapes depending on the relative positions of the inversion circle and the maximum circle. While the images of maximum circles not passing through the inversion center are closed curves, the images of those passing through the inversion center are not closed. Inverse curves have been studied by considering the radii of the maximum circles and the positions of the lines joining their centers and the center of maximum inversion. Classifications of the inverses of maximum circles are presented.
Advantages and Threats of Precise Monitoring and Management Technology Application on Dairy Farms
Authors: Domaćinović Matija , Mijić Pero , Novoselec Josip , Domaćinović Ana , Solić Dragan , Prakatur Ivana
Published: December 2023

In addition to the usual labor-intensive technological processes (i.e., feeding, milking, cleaning, and curing), an increasing importance in today’s milk production, is attached to the monitoring of animal behavior and the state of microclimate in a facility. While behavioral monitoring is performed on a smaller number of target animals on the smaller dairy farms, numerous modern electronic measuring devices are introduced for the sake of animal monitoring on the larger farms, such as the sensors and biosensors, pedometers, computers, 2D and 3D surveillance cameras, thermal cameras, microphones, laser detectors, and automatic scales, all grouped under the name of a PLF system (Precision Livestock Farming). This system works pursuant to the principle of monitoring and (individual or collective) data collection of select indicators, followed by a computerized algorithmic data processing, whereby the integration of a large number of data provides useful information leading to a decision-making proposal. According to the numerous study results, the PLF system pertaining to the dairy cows has a positive effect on the early detection of animal diseases or stress, which leads to a more rational use of production resources, resulting in a higher production efficiency and better animal welfare. Since a prcise-technology system does not only offer new opportunities but also represents certain dangers, however, it is recommended that future commercialization of precise-technology systems on dairy farms be entrusted to the opinions of professionals who will be able to objectively evaluate multiple benefits of these PLF systems, based on the results of a multidisciplinary research.
Examining mental health of medical students: a DASS21 scale assessment
Authors: Sharma Devika , Pareek Varun , Kumar Susheel , Sharma Lokendra
Published: December 2023

Background: Stress is a global phenomenon that affects nearly everyone. The medical curriculum is often regarded as one of the most difficult professional degree courses in the world, and so the prevalence of stress is clear. Because of this trend, the pupils' mental health must be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to gather information about stress levels among undergraduate medical students.
Methods: The research was carried out at the RUHS college of medical sciences. Data was acquired using Google Forms via a self-administered questionnaire that contained students' consent and semester information. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions based on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21).
Results: The response rate of this study was 91.02% (213/234). The study also revealed more active female participation than male respondents. Out of the total responses (n=234), 54.6% were females and 44.8% were male. The analysis showed that medical students had experienced higher levels of depression (55%), and anxiety (64%) relative to stress (34%). Female students were found more anxious and depressed.
Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students. Preventive approaches for improving student mental health are so required.
A descriptive study on awareness and attitude of medical undergraduates about the transgender population and their healthcare needs
Authors: V. Anitha , Kumar T. Naresh , Leonard J. Ianisho
Published: December 2023

Background: Medical education in transgender health care can empower physicians to identify and change the systemic barriers to care that cause transgender inequities as well as improve knowledge about transgender specific care. The objective of this study is to estimate the awareness among medical students about the terms related to transgender and their healthcare needs, to create an environment of inclusivity and educate the undergraduate MBBS students to provide highest level of care and advocacy for transgender population and to stress on the fact that the transgender education in the medical curriculum is an inevitable one in the modern medical practice.
Methods: Knowledge questionnaire and TABS scale questionnaire was distributed to the 150 students through Google forms and their responses were collected. Knowledge questionnaire was given a score as 1 point for each (28 points). TABS questionnaire was assessed with Likert scale.
Results: 52.6 percentage of the students have scored below the median and remaining 48.4 percentage of students have scored above the median score. The undergraduate students have a basic understanding about the healthcare needs of the transgender population and attitude towards transgender is on par with population of similar age group
Conclusions: It is been observed that more knowledge regarding the terms about transgender population and their healthcare needs is needed for undergraduate students. A good curriculum to teach about basic health needs of transgender population has to be discussed.
A cross sectional observational study to evaluate utilization of antimicrobials in paediatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Parekh Rajvee K. , Dumra Gurusharan H.
Published: December 2023

Background: Antimicrobials play cardinal role in management of infectious disease. Paediatric age group forms significant part of developing countries and have high chances of acquiring infectious. Misuse and overuse of these antimicrobials are leading culprits in causing antimicrobials resistance. The purpose of this study was to analyse utilization of antimicrobials among paediatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted for three months in paediatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The demographics and antimicrobials use details were observed daily from patients admitted to paediatric outpatient department, wards and intensive care unit to assess according to The World Health Organization-International Network of Rational Use of Drugs drug prescribing indicators and WHO antibiotics AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) classification.
Results: In our study we found that mean antimicrobial use in OPD, wards and ICU was1.15±0.35, 1.12±0.33 and 2.25±1.01 respectively. Cephalosporins were most commonly prescribed in OPD (34.62%) and wards (65.26%) while piperacillin-tazobactam (29.93%) in ICU. Percent encounter with an antibiotic in OPD, Wards and ICU was 8.41%, 30.71% and 33.58% respectively. 56.69%, 81.35% and 55.80% antibiotics prescribed in OPD, Wards and ICU respectively were of Watch group. 5.66% Reserve group antibiotics were prescribed in the ICU.
Conclusions: Prescribing trends of antimicrobials is near to WHO standard but according to AWaRe classification, watch group antibiotics were prescribed more than Access group.
A questionnaire-based study on the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of ecopharmacology among the healthcare professionals in Amaltas Medical College and Hospital, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Bhadoriya Sandeep S. , Wadagbalkar Prashant
Published: December 2023

Background: Ecopharmacology which deals with the health hazards posed by discarded or used medicinal products in the environment, is a globally emerging issue. There are guidelines for pharmaceutical waste management (like GMP and FDA guidelines) for the manufacturing units, pharmacists and consumers. However, it is uncertain whether consumers are aware of it. Before beginning the process of creating awareness, it is first necessary to assess the existing knowledge of the issue in the community. This study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of ecopharmacology in the medical personnel and students in our institute.
Methods: It was a questionnaire based cross-sectional observational study. Study population included MBBS students, nursing students and resident doctors. Total 500 consenting participants were enrolled and subjected to a structured KAP questionnaire and data was expressed in percentage. Questionnaire consisted of 20 questions out of which 3 were open ended and remaining closed ended.
Results: Present study result showed that 73% respondents had heard of term ecopharmacology and majority (98%) felt that it was their responsibility to protect environment from pharmaceutical waste. Responses from 83% of participants indicated that they were worried about the excess medicines at their homes. 87% of participants threw it in garbage bin, but (58%) were unsure whether their drug disposing method was safe and 25% knew it was unsafe. Most respondents (94%) felt that there should be guidelines for safe disposal of expired/unused drug and were enthusiastic about participating in campaign for this issue. Medical personnel also suggested some solutions to deal with this problem.
Conclusions: Awareness and concern regarding the problem is high however in absence of knowledge of methods of safe disposal of unused drug, it is not transforming into safe disposal practices.
Optimization of nutrient media for glucoamylase production by Plackett-Burman design using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Gaddam Srivani
Published: December 2023

Background: Glucoamylase is an important enzyme produced by various bacterial and fungal species as an intracellular or extra cellular enzyme. It is used to treat gastrointestinal issues, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, psoriasis, allergies, eczema, emphysema and asthma, and thus, supplements are often included in complexes for digestive disorders and also applications in different industries.
Methods: Natural ingredients are screened for glucoamylase production by stationary culture of solid-state fermentation technique and Plackett-Burman design microorganism used Aspergillus niger. Eight nutrient medias are designed and from this glucoamylase isolated from the medium by centrifugation at 1500 rpm and assayed by spectrophotometric method.
Results: high glucoamylase levels are found in nutrient media VI with optimized physical conditions like percentage inoculum- 2%, pH- 6, incubation temperature- 400C upon incubation for 4 days.
Conclusions: High amount of glucoamylase is produced in the media VI due to the presence of high amounts of sucrose and optimum concentration of potato, peptone, wheat bran and yeast extract.
Drug utilization pattern evaluation and cost variation analysis of anti-fungal agents in tinea infected patients in dermatology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Modi Ritu D. , Dumra Gurusharan H.
Published: December 2023

Background: Tinea infections are chronic superficial fungal infections, highly prevalent in tropical countries like India. Therefore, long-term therapy is needed and this can inflict a financial burden on the patients. Aim of the study was to assess drug utilization patterns in patients diagnosed with tinea infection and to evaluate the cost variability of anti-fungal agents.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in patients for 3 months after taking permission from IEC. All adult patients already diagnosed with tinea infection were enrolled. Evaluation of drug utilization pattern was carried out using WHO core drug prescribing indicators and percentage of cost variability was calculated between different brands of anti-fungal agents.
Results: A total of 252 patients were enrolled. Tinea corporis and cruris were the most commonly diagnosed tinea infection. Pruritus was the most common presenting symptom. Past history of similar illness was seen in 74 (29.4%) patients mean of 3.83±0.87 drugs were prescribed per patient. Drugs prescribed from NLEM was only 42.1%. Most commonly prescribed drugs were oral itraconazole and topical miconazole. Percentage of cost variability was seen maximum with capsule itraconazole 200 mg (237.5%) by oral route and luliconazole 30 gm (175.6%) by topical route.
Conclusions: Prescribing practices of drugs can be improved by promoting generic drug and prescribing drugs from NLEM. Wide range of cost variation can lead to high economic burden in tinea infected patients.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of ‘P-drug concept’ among postgraduate residents and interns in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Maharashtra
Authors: T. Shiva Krishna Rao , Parsode Rahul B. , Chandaliya K. C. , Deshmukh J. B.
Published: December 2023

Background: A P-drug is a clinician’s personal or preferred or priority choice drug. The study aims to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and practice of P-drug, which helps postgraduates to prescribe medicines rationally. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the P-drug concept among postgraduate students at a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: The study is a prospective, cross-sectional pre-validated questionnaire-based study conducted in the tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 300 postgraduates, interns and consultants from Tertiary care teaching hospital from Maharashtra were enrolled and instructed to fill the questionnaire. These filled forms were collected, and data was analyzed.
Results: Out of 300 members, 233 filled the questionnaire, and these forms are evaluated. About 49.7% among them are aware of P-drug, 43.4% are aware of P-treatment, 28.4% are not including fixed-dose combinations in their P-drug list, 42% are aware of the advantages of prescribing P-drug, and 48.4% felt that teaching programs are needed for preparing P-drug list.
Conclusions: The P-drug concept is requisite for improving the quality of health care and practicing rational use of medicine. As only a few studies have been conducted on the P-drug idea in this institute, the institutional teaching review board should run teaching programs regarding the P-drug concept.
Inhaled theophylline: old drug new tricks?
Authors: Malamatari Maria
Published: December 2023

Theophylline and aminophylline (i.e., the soluble complex of theophylline with ethylenediamine) have been used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for more than 90 years. Theophylline’s narrow therapeutic index and side effects, as well as the discovery of more potent and safer bronchodilators, made it to fall out of favour with healthcare professionals and patients. New scientific knowledge on the molecular mechanism of action of theophylline, along with increasing clinical evidence suggest that theophylline should be exploited as an anti-inflammatory agent rather than a bronchodilator. This review covers the journey of theophylline from rise to fall and back to its potential re-emergence as a combination formulation with inhaled corticosteroids in the management of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Several approaches to formulate theophylline either as a monotherapy or as a combination therapy for delivery to the lungs are presented.
Metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review
Authors: C. Ramachandra Bhat , T. Santhosh , K. M. Sudha
Published: December 2023

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) includes several components like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia etc. Every patient should undergo detailed assessment for the silent presence of the components of metabolic syndrome. Genetic predisposition, increased nutrient- dense food, decreased physical activity and chronic stress are common in metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance, obesity and hyperglycaemia are commonly seen which can later lead to serious consequences like cardiovascular complications, thrombotic events etc. Clinical features depend on the components of the metabolic syndrome in a patient. Some may present with complications and advanced disease. For non-diabetic individuals, oral glucose tolerance test is indicated. It is better to study serum uric acid level and to screen for silent kidney stones. Specific drugs are prescribed as indicated. Drugs for stress and insomnia are also prescribed. Thrombotic status of the patient should be considered, and antiplatelet drugs are prescribed if risk factors are present. Non-pharmacological measures like diet modification and increased physical activity should be given on a priority basis. Patient compliance of these two measures should be monitored regularly. Future deployment of “artificial intelligence – powered” predictive diagnostic tests will help in detecting and controlling metabolic syndrome. “At risk” individuals and patients showing some components of metabolic syndrome should undergo full investigations to detect other components of metabolic syndrome. Full range of therapeutic drugs, diet modification and increased physical activity should be prescribed.
que as penas das aves nos contam sobre a história de São Paulo?
Authors: Brasil Pedro Henrique
Published: December 2023

Este artigo defende a agência histórica das mulheres tupis-guaranis através da interpretação de crônicas, mapas e pinturas. Estudando essas representações, reflito sobre a cultura material no que tange ao aproveitamento das penas das aves sul-americanas, especialmente pelas mulheres tupis. Nesse sentido, tanto as aves quanto as mercadorias de origem animal eram itens muito utilizados nas trocas entre europeus e populações nativas durante o século XVI. Localiza-se a capitania de São Vicente, na América portuguesa, como ponto focal do comércio de animais e mercadorias de penas na porção meridional. Por outro lado, baseando-me em pesquisas recentes, destaco a participação das mulheres indígenas nas relações de trocas, na produção das mercadorias e no amansamento das aves.
COLOMBIA PRIMA
Authors: Rodrigues Carmem
Published: December 2023

Este artigo aborda a colaboração conduzida por Luís Pinto de Sousa Coutinho (1735-1804), o Visconde de Balsemão, para fornecer diversos mapas sobre o Brasil para o geógrafo inglês William Faden (1749-1836), com o intuito de influenciar o desenho da América portuguesa no mapa Colombia Prima or South America, publicado pela primeira vez em 1807. Estabelecer essa relação bilateral era de interesse mútuo, por isso sustentamos que Colombia Prima representa a síntese do conhecimento geográfico português sobre o Brasil, acumulado ao longo do século XVIII. Ao participar dessa construção o Visconde de Balsemão pretendia usar a autoridade do mapa para propagandear os limites das possessões portuguesas na América do Sul, consolidando na opinião pública ilustrada os limites continentais do Brasil, diante de uma América espanhola que estava prestes a esfarelar.
Pela boca de Cipião
Authors: Costa Rodrigo Franco da Costa
Published: December 2023

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar a presença das ideias de Cicero, o cônsul romano, nos escritos políticos da Restauração de Portugal. A Restauração de Portugal pode ser identificada como um movimento que recuperou a autonomia política do reino lusitano em 1640 com a defenestração de Miguel de Vasconcelos, o secretário de Estado de d. Filipe IV, coroando d. João IV como rei de Portugal e colocando fim ao domínio do reino castelhano sobre os portugueses existente desde 1580. O movimento que culminou na Restauração de Portugal contou com uma forte estrutura de publicação de textos favoráveis ao movimento e ao governo de d. João IV.  Entre as figuras que recuperaram os textos de Cicero em suas argumentações favoráveis ao novo governo, destacam-se os repúblicos, agentes do período comprometidos com a conservação do bem comum de Portugal.

Palavras-Chave: Restauração de Portugal, Cícero, Repúblicos.
Bloodstream infections in cardiac intensive care units from a tertiary care center
Authors: Tak Heena , Kanne Padmaja , Teja Vijay Dharma
Published: December 2023

Blood stream infections (BSIs) occur more frequently in patients hospitalized in Intensive care units (ICUs). Intravascular devices are the most frequent predisposing factor causing BSI.

To compare the proportion, risk factors, microbiological profile of Blood stream Infections and Central line associated bloodstream infection in Cardiology Intensive care units (CICU) and Cardiothoracic Intensive care units (CTICU).

This is a prospective study conducted by the Dept. of Microbiology along with Cardiology Intensive care unit(CICU), and Cardiothoracic Intensive care unit (CTICU) of a tertiary care centre, from June 1st 2017-Oct 312018.Laboratory confirmed BSIs (LCBSI’s), occurring more than 48hrs after ICU admission were included in the study. Identification of pathogens were done by standard methods.

A total of 1640 blood cultures were analyzed (CICU=890,CTICU=750).73 Primary BSIs were observed with male preponderance.68/73 diagnosed to have non CLABSI (CTICU=35/68 51.4%, CICU=33/68, 48.5%) and 5/73 cases diagnosed to have CLABSI (CTICU=5/73, 6.84% CICU=0%) 47.94% of our isolates were Gram negative pathogens with as the predominant followed by 35.6% of Gram positive with as the major pathogen & 16.4% were Candida spp. 20.5% were multi drug resistant and 10% were ESBL producers. Prevalence and incidence rates were high in CTICU (5.3% & 1.5%) compared to CICU (3.7% & 0%) of BSI & CLABSI respectively.

BSI is preventable costly complication that occur with greater frequency in the ICU settings. Strict adherence to Infection control measures such as hand hygiene, aseptic precautions during blood culture collection and bundle care measures can decrease the BSI and CLABSI incidence rates.
Participation of an ecological organization in the proceedings to revoke the final decision on environmental conditions under the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure
Authors: Wesołowski Grzegorz
Published: December 2023

W tekście tym dokonano analizy zagadnienia dotyczącego udziału społeczeństwa w postępowaniach nadzwyczajnych regulowanych przepisami k.p.a., w toku których możliwe jest wzruszenie ostatecznej decyzji o środowiskowych uwarunkowaniach, a w których na prawach strony brała udział organizacja ekologiczna. W literaturze analizuje się problematykę samego udziału organizacji ekologicznej w toku prowadzonego postępowania, w następstwie którego ma zostać wydana decyzja o środowiskowych uwarunkowaniach. W wielu publikacjach w sposób wyczerpujący przedstawiono kwestię związaną z udziałem organizacji społecznej w postępowaniach nadzwyczajnych wszczętych na podstawie przepisów k.p.a., natomiast nie poświęca się szerszej uwagi zagadnieniu związanemu z możliwością udziału w tych postępowaniach organizacji ekologicznej. W tym kontekście pojawia się zasadnicze pytanie − czy w każdym z tych postępowań będzie konieczny udział społeczeństwa, a tym samym dopuszczalny będzie udział organizacji ekologicznej w toku takiego postępowania na prawach strony? Podczas badań wykorzystano metody: dogmatyczno-prawną oraz prawnoporównawczą.
Ming Taizu's Proclamations on the Ending of the Great Yuan in 1370 : Their Original Texts and Languages
Authors:   HUFS Institute of History and Culture, Koo Bumjin , Jung Sangwon
Published: December 2023

In the sixth lunar month of 1370, Ming Taizu 太祖 (Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋) received General Li Wenzhong’s 李文忠 memorial which reported on the death of Toghon Temür, Great Khan of the Great Yuan, in the fourth month and the capture of the Great Khan’s grandson Maidaribala on the 16th day of the fifth month in Yingchang 應昌.
According to the Ming Veritable Records 明實錄, it was on the 20th day of the sixth month that Ming Taizu mentioned these significant events in his imperial proclamation 詔書 to officialize the ending of the Great Yuan. By comparing different versions of the proclamation included in historical sources, this paper shows that the texts in the Ming Veritable Records were doctored by the compilers. They pushed the date of the proclamation from the original 15th day to the 20th day of the same month. In addition, they edited the original contents to reflect the circumstances of the 20th day.
Following the proclamation in question, presumably on the 20th day, Ming Taizu issued another imperial proclamation bearing the same news. It was addressed to the people of the Great Yuan such as Mongol princes and nobles, and Jurchen chieftains who had not yet submitted to the Ming rule. In the received Ming Veritable Records, this proclamation was written in classical Chinese following the conventions of recording the Chinese imperial documents. This paper argues, however, that another significant problem of the Ming Veritable Records is hidden here: The compilers rewrote the proclamation to look like a usual Chinese imperial document. The original text of this proclamation was not written in classical Chinese, but in the colloquial language following the conventions of the Yuan imperial edicts which employed a unique style to translate word for word what the Mongolian Great Khans spoke. The colloquial style and words of the proclamation were a practical and effective method to persuade its audiences to submit to the new Ming ruler.