bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of thermal radiation and heat source/sink on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid over a vertical stretching cylinder: Regression analysis
Authors: Shaheen Abida , Waqas Hassan , Imran Muhammad , Raza Mohsan , Rashid Saima
Published: November 2023

Originality: A novel category of working fluids, consisting of two substantial components diffused in a conventional fluid, has been identified and investigated widely in recent years. These types of fluids are called hybrid nanofluids.

Problem statement: A wide range of engineering and industrial structures, including heat-transferring components, energy production, extrusion procedures, engine cooling purposes, thermal structures, thermal exchangers, chemical procedures, manufacturing processes and hybrid power plants, have been proposed for use with nanomaterials with improved thermal properties. These nanomaterial-based applications hold the promise of improved performance and efficiency in a variety of technological and industrial processes. The heat transmission and magnetohydrodynamic stagnation significance flow of hybrid nanofluids Fe3O4–ZrO2 and Fe3O4/water, the form factor of a stretched cylinder under the influence of heat production, nonlinear thermal radiation and nanoparticle volume fractions have been investigated in this study.

Methodology: Utilizing proper similarity transformations, the processes of partial differential equations are further transformed into nondimensional solutions of ordinary differential equations. The bvp4c approach is employed to achieve a numerical solution. The flow and temperature profiles are displayed as a function of the contained factors. Graphs show the effects of changing the physical characteristics involved. Tables emphasize the skin friction factor and Nusselt numbers.

Results: The temperature profile of fluids diminished due to an increment in the values of the temperature relaxation parameter and Eckert number. When the porosity factor is increased the temperature of fluids is improved. The effects of streamlines for various components are discussed. The 3D surface, contour plots and residual plots for various factors have also been investigated.

Applications: Hybrid nanofluids have the potential to improve heat transfer efficiency in a variety of technical applications, including cooling structures, heat exchangers and thermal energy storage systems.
SLURRY EROSION PERFORMANCE OF COLD SPRAYED WC-12Co COMPOSITE COATINGS
Authors: SINGH HARVINDER , KUMAR MANOJ , SINGH RAJDEEP
Published: November 2023

In the current investigation, a cold sprayed WC-12Co (WC- Tungsten Carbide, Co- Cobalt) composite coating was deposited on CA6NM steel. Further, microstructural analysis was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization techniques. Mechanical characterization was carried out to measure microhardness, bond strength and surface roughness. The value of coating hardness and surface roughness was measured to be 270 ± 15 Hv and 2.12 ± 0.5 [Formula: see text]m. Thereafter, slurry erosion test was performed under accelerated conditions and performance of coated samples was compared under different parameters such as erodent size, impact velocity, angle of impingement and slurry concentration. WC-12Co coatings show no phase transformation or de-carburization of the WC-Co particles as observed in other thermal spray techniques. The WC-12Co coatings was proved to have beneficial erosion reduction rate as compared to untreated CA6NM steel. The slurry erosion performance of coated samples was improved by 68%. SEM images of degraded coatings show the brittle characteristic of WC-12Co coatings.
ANN MODELING AND OPTIMIZING THE DRILLING PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR AA5052-GLASS FIBER METAL LAMINATE USING GREY-FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH
Authors: MOSHI A. ARUL MARCEL , HARIHARASAKTHISUDHAN P. , BHARATHI S. R. SUNDARA , LOGESH K.
Published: November 2023

The exterior layer of the fuselage skin structure is made of Glass-Reinforced Fiber Metal Laminates (GLARE-FMLs). Hole quality is impacted by various force components during the drilling process. The process variables of drilling are optimized to obtain quality holes by controlling such force components. Because of the very limited works on optimizing the significant input process variables in getting quality drilled holes on FML plates, the present investigation is aimed to analyze the impact of varying the significant drilling process variables referred from the literature study and the wt.% of Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) mixed with the epoxy, on the force components generated during the drilling process. The FML plates proposed in the study have been drilled based on the test plan prepared by Taguchi’s DOE. Grey Relational Analysis has been used for discovering the best combination of process variables leading to good quality holes. Further, grey-fuzzy modeling technique has been employed to check the results of GRA. From the results, it is identified that 1000 rpm spindle speed, 20 mm/min feed rate and 4 wt.% inclusion of LDH to the epoxy resin combination within the considered range of input process variables were found to be the best input parameter combinations resulting in comparatively better output responses. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been generated to bridge the input variables with the outputs measured. The fitness of the generated ANN model has been checked and reported. The effect of varying the process variables on obtaining the quality drilled holes has been revealed using Main Effect Plots (MEPs).
DIFFICULTY IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BRODIE’S ABSCESS OF PROXIMAL TIBIA
Authors: Lee Ji-Won , Choe Jung-Su , Shin Seung-yup , Yoon Euisun , Jeon Seong-man
Published: November 2023

Brodie’s abscess, a subtype of subacute osteomyelitis, is very rare, accounting for 2.4% of subacute osteomyelitis. It is caused by a lower virulence organism, so it is not accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, and local symptoms appear insidiously. The disease when it is found through radiologic exams, is likely to be confused with bone tumors, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The authors experienced a brodie abscess of the proximal tibia, which was difficult to diagnose due to the inconspicuous symptoms.
Natural Frequency Characteristics of Stiffened FG Multilayer Graphene-Reinforced Composite Plate with Circular Cutout Resting on Elastic Foundation
Authors: Bayat Mohammad Javad , Kalhori Amin , Babaei Masoud , Asemi Kamran
Published: November 2023

In this research, natural frequency response of functionally-graded multilayer graphene-reinforced composite plate with circular cutout reinforced by orthogonal stiffeners is investigated for the first time. The structure is surrounded by Winkler-type elastic support. The plate is composed of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as matrix material and reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs). The material of the orthogonal stiffeners is the same as that for the matrix. Rule of mixtures and Halpin–Tsai approach are applied to estimate the effective material properties of the composite plate. Third-order shear deformation plate theory and finite element procedure is employed to obtain the element matrices of the structure. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the stiffened plate are reported for different variables such as nanofillers dispersion patterns, width and height of the stiffeners, aspect ratio of plate, plate thickness ratio, weight fraction of nanofillers, number of stiffeners, boundary conditions, elastic foundation stiffness parameter and size of circular cutout. The obtained results denote that with the addition of a set of stiffeners, fundamental frequency enhanced up to 32.3% with just about 10% increase of mass.
Projectivity and subprojectivity domains in exact categories
Authors: Crivei Septimiu , Pop Robert
Published: November 2023

We generalize to exact categories some new perspectives on projectivity, which allow us to unify a series of recent concepts from module categories or abelian categories and to obtain automatically dual results. We discuss objects having a minimal subprojectivity domain in exact categories, and we study properties of such domains, including several closure properties. We give applications to (possibly non-abelian) quasi-abelian categories, finitely accessible and exactly definable additive categories, and in particular, to module and comodule categories.
A Simple Preparation Method to Fabricate Superhydrophobic (TiO2–SiO2) Nanocomposite for Enhancement Contact Angle
Authors: Majeed Ali N. , Sabry Raad S.
Published: November 2023

As a consequence of the regeneration of nanostructures and the development of a nanocomposite with excellent superhydrophobic properties, a simple flame treatment strategy was examined to increase surface roughness. Cotton soaked in ethanol was used as a flame source at temperatures ([Formula: see text]350[Formula: see text]C) for 30 s. The flame treatment operation takes place after the titanium dioxide (TiO[Formula: see text] nanoparticles (NPs) have been treated with room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR) liquid using a dip coating approach. X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle (CA) measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to describe the superhydrophobic surface. Resulting surfaces demonstrated that the water contact angle (WCA) of the superhydrophobic surface was 168 ± 2[Formula: see text], sliding angle SA (4 ± 1[Formula: see text]).
Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of an Isothermal Annealed and Mechanically Milled Nanocrystalline Ag−Mn Alloy
Authors: Chabri Sumit
Published: November 2023

The alloy 50Ag−50Mn (wt.%) was prepared using ball milling. After 50 h of milling, the samples were isothermally annealed for 1 h at a time at three different temperatures ranging from 350∘C to 550∘C. By analyzing the X-ray diffraction data, Rietveld refinement structure analysis was used to measure the lattice strain and crystallite size. The introduction of lattice strain and the decrease in crystallite size as a function of milling time may both contribute to the increase in coercivity. The analysis of superconducting quantum interference devices demonstrates the soft ferromagnetic behavior of as-milled and annealed Ag−Mn alloy. After being annealed at 350∘C for 1 h, the 50Ag−50Mn alloy’s maximum coercivity was discovered to be 253 Oe.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/CdO Nanocomposite for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye
Authors: Singh Ganesh
Published: November 2023

Well crystalline Ag/CdO nanocomposite has been synthesized via the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) route. The Ag/CdO nanocomposite has been characterized in term of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The crystallinity of the as-synthesized nanocomposite was obtained by using XRD technique. The crystallite size of the nanocomposite was calculated by the Scherrer equation and was found to be 47 nm. The surface morphology was obtained by FESEM spectroscopy. The particles appear to be porous in nature and wool-like morphology was obtained. Raman band at about 278 cm[Formula: see text] is because of the combination of transverse acoustic and optical phonon modes of cadmium oxide (CdO). Further, the Ag/CdO nanocomposite was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. Results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of Ag/CdO nanocomposite for the degradation of MO dye increases with increasing the amount of photocatalyst. The rate constant, [Formula: see text] values for 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg of photocatalyst were 0.83, 2.21 × 10[Formula: see text] min[Formula: see text] and 3.81 × 10[Formula: see text] min[Formula: see text], respectively.
Mapping between space-like curve flows and soliton equations in Minkowski space
Authors: Yüzbaşı Zühal Küçükarslan , Yoon Dae Won , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: November 2023

In this study, we demonstrate that when three distinct moving space-like curves with the time-like binormal vectors satisfy the generalizations of the Heisenberg spin chain model, these models are equivalent to the third-order system of the AKNS hierarchy and the complex KdV-type equations.
Synthesis of Ni-Doped TiO2 Microtubes as Cathode Catalyst for Rechargeable Li-O2 Batteries
Authors: Liang Huagen , Meng Xiangwei
Published: November 2023

Rechargeable nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their super-high theoretical energy density. However, some technical obstacles, such as high overpotential and poor cycle stability, need to be overcome urgently, so that it is possible to make Li-O2 batteries commercially viable. The key is to develop effective bifunctional cathode catalysts. Herein, Ni-doped TiO2 (Ni-TiO[Formula: see text] with microtubule structure was prepared by hydrothermal method and used as the cathode catalyst of Li-O2 batteries. At a current density of 100[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text], Li-O2 batteries with Ni-TiO2 catalysts showed an initial discharge capacity of 5100[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] and can maintain 52 stable cycles at 100[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] with a fixed capacity of 500[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. The microtubule structure composed of nanosheets not only facilitates the diffusion of O2 and electrolyte, but also provides abundant catalytic sites for oxygen reduction reactions and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER). In addition, the Ni doping into the structure of TiO2 can significantly enhance the catalytic activity of ORR/OER, resulting in a reduced discharge/charge overpotential and enhanced discharge-specific capacity.
Price of Anarchy in Algorithmic Matching of Romantic Partners
Authors: Abeliuk Andrés , Elbassioni Khaled , Rahwan Talal , Cebrian Manuel , Rahwan Iyad
Published: November 2023

Algorithmic matching is a pervasive mechanism in our social lives and is becoming a major medium through which people find romantic partners and potential spouses. However, romantic matching markets pose a principal-agent problem with the potential for moral hazard. The agent’s (or system’s) interest is to maximize the use of the matching website, while the principal’s (or user’s) interest is to find the best possible match. This creates a conflict of interest: the optimal matching of users may not be aligned with the platform’s goal of maximizing engagement, as it could lead to long-term relationships and fewer users using the site over time. Here, we borrow the notion of price of anarchy from game theory to quantify the decrease in social efficiency of online algorithmic matching sites where engagement is in tension with user utility. We derive theoretical bounds on the price of anarchy and show that it can be bounded by a constant that does not depend on the number of users in the system. This suggests that as online matching sites grow, their potential benefits scale up without sacrificing social efficiency. Further, we conducted experiments with human subjects in a matching market and compared the social welfare achieved by an optimal matching service against a self-interested matching algorithm. We show that introducing competition among matching sites aligns the self-interested behavior of platform designers with their users and increases social efficiency.
Effectiveness of Video-based Training for Face-to-face Communication Skills of Software Engineers: Evidence from a Three-year Study
Authors: Mitrovic Antonija , Galster Matthias , Malinen Sanna , Holland Jay , Musa Ja'afaru , Mohammadhassan Negar , Lumapas Raul Vincent
Published: November 2023

Objectives.
Communication skills are crucial for effective software development teams, but those skills are difficult to teach. The goal of our project is to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching face-to-face communication skills using AVW-Space, a platform for video-based learning that provides personalized nudges to support student's engagement during video watching.

Participants.
The participants in our study are second-year software engineering students. The study was conducted over three years, with students enrolled in a semester-long project course.

Study Method.
We performed a quasi-experimental study over three years to teach face-to-face communication using AVW-Space, a video-based learning platform. We present the instance of AVW-Space we developed to teach face-to-face communication. Participants watched and commented on 10 videos and later commented on the recording of their own team meeting. In 2020, the participants (
n
= 50) did not receive nudges, and we use the data collected that year as control. In 2021 (
n
= 49) and 2022 (
n
= 48), nudges were provided adaptively to encourage students to write more and higher-quality comments.

Findings.
The findings from the study show the effectiveness of nudges. We found significant differences in engagement when nudges were provided. Furthermore, there is a causal effect of nudges on the interaction time, the total number of comments written, and the number of high-quality comments, as well as on learning. Finally, participants exposed to nudges reported higher perceived learning.

Conclusions.
Our research shows the effect of nudges on student engagement and learning while using the instance of AVW-Space for teaching face-to-face communication skills. Future work will explore other soft skills, as well as providing explanations for the decisions made by AVW-Space.
Dynamic Response of Pile-Raft Systems with Various Forms of Connection under Cyclic Condition
Authors: Du Juan , Lei Xiao-Peng , Ren Di-Fan , Wang Zai-Cheng , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to examine the aseismic performance of the pile-raft systems with various connection forms. The related shaking table test and numerical simulation were performed for in-depth investigation. The acceleration response spectra on the top of the soil layer and raft were obtained and plotted for contrastive analysis based on the model test at a reduced scale of 1 : 30 and finite element numerical simulation. Accordingly, the working mechanisms of the pile-raft systems in conventional connections with the embedment of the compressible blocks and cushion layers under cyclic loading were explored. The results showed that the embedment of the cushion layer on the pile top could most significantly mobilize the potential of the foundation soil, effectively reduce the bending moment peak of the pile, and reduce the acceleration amplification effect on the top of the soil layer and raft. The embedment of the compressible block on the pile top most markedly reduced the bending moment peak of the pile and effectively mobilized the potential of the foundation soil, which was most favorable for lowering the amplification effect of acceleration on the top of the soil layer and raft.
Comparative Analysis of Edge Soiling Resilience: Full-Cell vs. Half-Cell Photovoltaic Modules in Different Mounting Orientations
Authors: Zhou Jicheng , Yu Li , Yuetikuer Ayipaiyili , Hao Linzhao , Jiang Bingchun
Published: November 2023

The performance of distributed PV systems is often hindered by edge soiling, mainly due to the challenges associated with centralized cleaning. In recent years, half-cell modules have gained popularity over conventional full-cell modules due to their potential for improved performance. However, limited research has been conducted to compare the effects of edge soiling on full-cell and half-cell modules, particularly in various mounting orientations. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of methods that integrate simulation and experimentation to analyze the characteristics of shaded PV modules. This study aims to optimize module selection and mounting orientation to mitigate the impact of edge soiling. Simulated models and experimental setups were developed for both full-cell and half-cell modules in both landscape and portrait orientations. The results reveal that the degree of shading correlates with the ratio of shaded substrings within a module. In addition, module performance can be significantly enhanced by altering the mounting orientation. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that half-cell modules outperform full-cell modules when mounted in the portrait orientation. However, in the landscape orientation, the advantage of half-cell modules diminishes. Remarkably, the choice of mounting orientation is found to be contingent on the severity of edge soiling for half-cell modules. This work significantly contributes to the understanding of shading effects in PV systems and offers practical guidance for optimizing distributed PV systems against edge soiling.
Copper- and Ligand-Free Sonogashira Cross-Coupling: Access to Novel 3-Aminoindole Derivatives and Their Biological Evaluations
Authors: Rikhotso Tshikani D. , Poopedi Kgomotso W. , Nxumalo Winston , Leboho Tlabo C.
Published: November 2023

Indole-containing compounds are widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdom, and their biological activity and pharmacological properties have prompted research into their chemical properties. This study developed a one-pot methodology for the synthesis of 3-aminoindole derivatives using copper- and ligand-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction conditions. The synthesised 3-aminoindole derivatives were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. The resulting 3-aminoindole derivatives were biologically evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum. For example, indole derivatives 10a (7.813 µM) and 10j (8.332 µM) were the most active derivatives in the CAS and ADC media, respectively.
Combined Vorinostat and Chloroquine Inhibit Sodium–Iodide Symporter Endocytosis and Enhance Radionuclide Uptake In Vivo
Authors: Read Martin L. , Brookes Katie , Zha Ling , Manivannan Selvambigai , Kim Jana , Kocbiyik Merve , Fletcher Alice , Gorvin Caroline M. , Firth George , Fruhwirth Gilbert O. , Nicola Juan P. , Jhiang Sissy , Ringel Matthew D. , Campbell Moray J. , Sunassee Kavitha , Blower Philip J. , Boelaert Kristien , Nieto Hannah R. , Smith Vicki E. , McCabe Christopher J.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Patients with aggressive thyroid cancer are frequently failed by the central therapy of ablative radioiodide (RAI) uptake, due to reduced plasma membrane (PM) localization of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). We aimed to understand how NIS is endocytosed away from the PM of human thyroid cancer cells, and whether this was druggable in vivo.

Experimental Design:

Informed by analysis of endocytic gene expression in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer, we used mutagenesis, NanoBiT interaction assays, cell surface biotinylation assays, RAI uptake, and NanoBRET to understand the mechanisms of NIS endocytosis in transformed cell lines and patient-derived human primary thyroid cells. Systemic drug responses were monitored via 99mTc pertechnetate gamma counting and gene expression in BALB/c mice.

Results:

We identified an acidic dipeptide within the NIS C-terminus that mediates binding to the σ2 subunit of the Adaptor Protein 2 (AP2) heterotetramer. We discovered that the FDA-approved drug chloroquine (CQ) modulates NIS accumulation at the PM in a functional manner that is AP2 dependent. In vivo, CQ treatment of BALB/c mice significantly enhanced thyroidal uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate in combination with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat/SAHA, accompanied by increased thyroidal NIS mRNA. Bioinformatic analyses validated the clinical relevance of AP2 genes with disease-free survival in RAI-treated DTC, enabling construction of an AP2 gene–related risk score classifier for predicting recurrence.

Conclusions:

NIS internalization is specifically druggable in vivo. Our data, therefore, provide new translatable potential for improving RAI therapy using FDA-approved drugs in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer.

See related commentary by Lechner and Brent, p. 1220
Nomenclature of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Therapies for Acute Indications: The Nomenclature Standardization Conference
Authors: Ostermann Marlies , Ankawi Ghada , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Madarasu Rajasekara , Dolan Kristin , Husain-Syed Faeq , Kashani Kianoush , Mehta Ravindra , Prowle John , Reis Thiago , Rimmelé Thomas , Zarbock Alexander , Kellum John A , Ronco Claudio ,   On behalf of the Nomenclature Standardization Faculty
Published: November 2023

The development of new extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) techniques has led to increased application in clinical practice but also inconsistencies in nomenclature and misunderstanding. In November 2022, an international consensus conference was held to establish consensus on the terminology of EBP therapies. It was agreed to define EBP therapies as techniques that use an extracorporeal circuit to remove and/or modulate circulating substances to achieve physiological homeostasis, including support of the function of specific organs and/or detoxification. Specific acute EBP techniques include renal replacement therapy, isolated ultrafiltration, hemoadsorption, and plasma therapies, all of which can be applied in isolation and combination. This paper summarizes the proposed nomenclature of EBP therapies and serves as a framework for clinical practice and future research.
Lung Hypoplasia in Fetuses with Skeletal Dysplasia Determined by Fetal Lung Weight: Which Ultrasound Measurement/Ratio Has the Highest Detection Rate
Authors: Ashwal Eran , Sgro Jonathan , Shannon Patrick , Chong Karen , Glanc Phyllis , Chitayat David
Published: November 2023

Introduction: To determine lung hypoplasia in cases with fetal skeletal dysplasia based on the total lung weight at autopsy as the most accountable surrogate marker for pulmonary hypoplasia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all pregnancies with antenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia (2012–2018). We included only cases in which information on fetal biometry was available within 2 weeks before delivery and had autopsy and skeletal X-rays + molecular analysis using extracted fetal DNA. We compared the predictive accuracy of fetal sonographic body-proportional ratios (BPRs) including: (1) thoracic circumference-to-abdominal circumference ratio, (2) the femur length-to-abdominal circumference (FL/AC) ratio, (3) head circumference-to-abdominal circumference ratio, and (4) foot length-to-femur length ratio. Lung hypoplasia was defined as total lung weight below −2 SD from the expected mean for gestational age. Results: Fifty three pregnancies with antenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia underwent autopsy included. Lung hypoplasia was determined in 34 (64.1%). Median of gestational age at last sonographic assessment was 21.3 (19.9–24.9) weeks. FL/AC ratio demonstrated the highest area under the curve of 0.817 (95% CI: 0.685–0.949; p < 0.0001). FL/AC ≤0.1550 demonstrated the highest detection rate of 88.2% along with the highest negative predictive value of 75%. Conclusion: Using a novel, more practical approach to predict lung hypoplasia in skeletal dysplasia, fetal sonographic BPRs and, specifically, FL/AC ratio demonstrate a high detection rate of lung hypoplasia.
Trisomy 22: First and Second Trimester Cytogenetic Analysis and Phenotypic Presentation in a Series of Seven Cases
Authors: Minella Chris , Jeandidier Eric , Koch Antoine , Antal Maria Cristina , Favre Romain , Sananes Nicolas , Weingertner Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Trisomy 22 is a chromosomal disorder rarely encountered prenatally. Even fewer live births are observed and generally correspond to confined placental mosaic trisomy 22, or even more uncommonly, to true fetal mosaic trisomy 22. Case Presentation: We examine and describe a series of seven cases of trisomy 22 encountered prenatally in terms of their cytogenetic and phenotypic presentations and discuss their interrelationships along with case management and outcomes. We aimed to identify aspects of prenatal data suggestive of fetal trisomy 22 and to determine whether a prognosis can be established from these factors. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that prenatal data elements can provide key elements of information to guide multidisciplinary care and support for the couple and the neonate.
The Academic and Behavioral Impacts of an Autism Health Insurance Mandate: Evidence from Massachusetts
Authors: Coffey Stephanie
Published: November 2023

Today, all 50 states have enacted mandates requiring some level of insurance coverage for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this paper, I examine the impact of Massachusetts’ mandate, ARICA (An Act Relative to Insurance Coverage for Autism) on the academic and behavioral outcomes of students with ASD in the state. Using administrative data on Massachusetts public school students, I use a triple difference strategy to estimate impacts on special education setting, attendance, suspensions, and achievement. I find that ARICA increased inclusion for students with ASD; they were 4 percentage points more likely to be fully included after the reform. Further, days suspended decreased by about 26 percent, and the likelihood of receiving a suspension decreased by about 2 percentage points. I find that improvements in student outcomes were larger for students in grades 6–8 (versus elementary students). While I find no statistically significant improvement in test scores for students with ASD overall, math (English language arts) achievement increased by 0.09 (0.13) standard deviation for students in middle grades.
An updated checklist of the vascular flora of the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India
Authors: ZARGAR SHABIR A. , GANIE AIJAZ H. , KHUROO ANZAR AHMAD , RESHI ZAFAR A. , BANOO SAKINA , MALIK AKHTAR H.
Published: November 2023

In meeting the challenges of biodiversity conservation, the taxonomic documentation of floristic diversity needs priority, particularly in data-deficient regions of the world. In this study, we present a comprehensive and updated checklist on the vascular flora of Ladakh, a region located in the remote Indian Trans-Himalaya. The checklist, based on field surveys over the last decade, herbarium studies, and a rigorous review of literature, records 1810 taxa (1702 species and 108 infra-specific taxa) belonging to 530 genera in 91 families from the region. The angiosperms are represented by 1772 taxa belonging to 508 genera in 77 families. The dicots contributed 1413 taxa (1320 species and 93 infra-specific taxa), while the monocots contributed 359 taxa (345 species and 14 infra-specific taxa) to the checklist. Likewise, the gymnosperms are represented by 11 taxa, and the pteridophytes (ferns) are represented by 27 taxa. The family Asteraceae contributes the largest number of 277 taxa, followed by Poaceae with 221 taxa. The flora in the region is dominated by 1668 herbs, followed by 100 shrubs, 34 trees and 8 climbers. In terms of lifespan, there are 1370 perennials, 411 annuals and 29 biennials. The checklist will not only serve as a useful reference for researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders but is also an important tool for guiding biodiversity conservation efforts and sustainable use of the unique and valuable plant resources in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh.
Unpacking Unexplored Psychological Factors in Alcohol and Substance Use in Gang Members
Authors: Joseph Justin J.
Published: November 2023

The extant literature has identified that gang involvement is associated with increased substance use frequency and severity. Unfortunately, most gang intervention programs concentrate on minimizing and reducing delinquent behavior and ties to gangs; while neglecting to address substance use among gang members. The current study examines psychopathic traits role in alcohol consumption and substance use among gang members and individuals with a history of gang involvement using the Pathways sample. The study implemented a count mixed effect models to investigate the impact of psychopathic traits on alcohol and substance use in individuals with a history of gang involvement and gang members longitudinally in waves 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, while controlling for other variables associated with alcohol consumption and substance use frequency. The current study found the impulsivity/irresponsible dimension of psychopathy is associated with consumption of alcohol and substance use longitudinally.
Femtech apps and quantification of the reproductive body in India: Issues and concerns
Authors: Mishra Paro , Kaur Ravinder , Vikram Shambhawi , Sharma Prashastika
Published: November 2023

This article examines datafication of the reproductive body in India through use of femtech mobile phone applications (henceforth, apps). Femtech apps quantify reproductive processes such as periods, conception, pregnancy and hormonal health and promise their users greater ‘self-awareness’ and ‘control’ through ‘self-management’. Most studies on femtech refer to users in the Global North, while there are few studies on femtech adoption in the developing countries. This article, based on qualitative and quantitative data, and informed by a feminist technoscience framework, illustrates how femtech’s promise of empowerment through datafication of reproduction is fraught with contradictions and tensions, and has exclusionary and risky consequences for Indian users. It examines the gendered technological landscape’s bearing on concrete practices of design and innovation, and shows how femtech reinforces gendered social hierarchies rather than dismantling them and liberating users. Under datafication, health standards become extremely narrowly defined, marginalising those whose reproductive health trajectories may not conform to normative standards. Femtech’s proliferation in India has also failed to recognise the structural inequalities and socio-economic disadvantages that characterise healthcare access. Finally, the legal grey areas and ill-defined data privacy policies in India allow for easy commercialisation of users’ bodies and personal data possible. This further undermines the liberational rhetoric of femtech, as data privacy breaches are embodied forms of violence with consequences for users’ bodily autonomy and dignity. Femtech’s pursuit of maximising commercial gain is thus at odds with the feminist technoscience project of minimising women’s exploitation and oppression.
Between Rhetoric and Performance: The State and Counterterrorism in Nigeria’s Post-2015 Presidential Election
Authors: Lenshie Nsemba Edward , Miapyen Buhari Shehu , Ogbonna Confidence Nwachinemere , Okengwu Kelechi , Idris Aminu , Ganiyu Adamson Duncan
Published: November 2023

While there are significant volumes of studies on Nigeria’s counterterrorism, little or no intellectual attention has focused on the nexus between rhetoric and the performance of the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari on counterterrorism. This paper explores the politicisation of insecurity and the government’s counterterrorism efforts. It draws on the performativity thesis and documented field data to make assessments of the administration’s counterterrorism measures. It found that the government could not bridge rhetoric with performance in its efforts at counterterrorism and concluded that its failure to mitigate terrorism hinges on the politicisation of insecurity in Nigeria.
Burnout and Impostor Phenomenon Among Undergraduate Music Education Majors
Authors: Nápoles Jessica , Springer D. Gregory , Silvey Brian A. , Montemayor Mark , Rinn Thomas J.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which impostor feelings and selected demographic variables predict burnout among undergraduate music education majors. Participants ( N = 143) completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students. Overall, participants reported relatively high levels of impostor feelings and burnout. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that CIPS score and year in school significantly predicted exhaustion and cynicism. Participants with higher CIPS scores (more frequent impostor feelings) and more years in school experienced greater exhaustion and cynicism. Descriptive analyses indicated that upper-division and band students experienced more cynicism than lower-division and choral/string/general music education majors, respectively. CIPS score was the only variable that significantly predicted professional efficacy. Participants with lower CIPS scores rated themselves higher in professional efficacy.
FELASA Working Group report: Capture and transport of live cephalopods – recommendations for scientific purposes
Authors: Sykes Antonio V , Galligioni Viola , Estefanell Juan , Hetherington Stuart , Brocca Marco , Correia Joao , Ferreira André , Pieroni Eleonora M. , Fiorito Graziano
Published: November 2023

On 1 January 2013, research using cephalopod molluscs, from hatchlings to adults, became regulated within Directive 2010/63/EU. There are significant difficulties in captive breeding in the great majority of currently utilised species. Thus, scientific research relies upon the use of wild-caught animals. Furthermore, live cephalopods are shared and transported between different stakeholders and laboratories across Europe and other continents. Despite existing European and national legislation, codes, guidelines and reports from independent organisations, a set of recommendations specifically addressing the requirements for the capture and transport of animals belonging to this taxon are missing. In addition, although training and development of competence for all people involved in the supply chain are essential and aim to ensure that animals do not suffer from pain, distress or lasting harm, the requirements for those capturing and transporting wild cephalopods have not been considered. This Working Group reviewed the current literature to recognise scientific evidence and the best practice, and compiled a set of recommendations to provide guidance on the ‘techniques’ to be used for the capture and transport of live cephalopods for their use in scientific procedures. In addition, we propose to (a) develop standardised approaches able to assess recommended methods and objectively quantify the impact of these processes on animals’ health, welfare and stress response, and (b) design a training programme for people attaining the necessary competence for capture and transportation of live cephalopods, as required by Directive 2010/63/EU.
The geography of urban innovation beyond patents only: New evidence on large and secondary cities in the United States
Authors: Castaldi Carolina
Published: November 2023

The geography of urban innovation in the United States has often been portrayed as dominated by a few large cities. However, emerging perspectives challenge this notion by highlighting the significance of secondary cities for innovation processes. Unfortunately, prevailing narratives and empirical evidence focus on technological invention only, measured by patents. This study aims to reevaluate the geography of urban innovation by considering various phases of the innovation process and incorporating a broader range of innovation types. In addition to conventional patent metrics, this research suggests incorporating trademarks and design rights as complementary data. The findings reveal that large cities still exhibit prominence when examining absolute counts of innovation. Instead, analysing intensities allows the identification of secondary cities that specialise in various innovation activities beyond technological invention only. Overall, the findings provide compelling evidence that urban innovation in the United States is not limited to a few large cities nor is it solely driven by technological invention.
Safety Findings of Dosing Gene Therapy Vectors in NHP With Pre-existing or Treatment-Emergent Anti-capsid Antibodies
Authors: Chandra Sundeep , Long Brian R. , Fonck Carlos , Melton Andrew C. , Arens Jeremy , Woloszynek Jill , O’Neill Charles A.
Published: November 2023

Replication-incompetent adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors are nonpathogenic viral particles used to deliver therapeutic genes to treat multiple monogenic disorders. AAVs can elicit immune responses; thus, one challenge in AAV-based gene therapy is the presence of neutralizing antibodies against vector capsids that may prevent transduction of target cells or elicit adverse findings. We present safety findings from two 12-week studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) with pre-existing or treatment-emergent antibodies. In the first study, NHPs with varying levels of naturally acquired anti-AAV5 antibodies were dosed with an AAV5-based vector encoding human factor VIII (hFVIII). In the second study, NHPs with no pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies were dosed with an AAV5-based vector carrying the beta subunit of choriogonadotropic hormone (bCG); this led to the induction of high-titer antibodies against the AAV5 capsid. Four weeks later, the same NHPs received an equivalent dose of an AAV5-based vector carrying human factor IX (hFIX). In both of these studies, the administration of vectors carrying hFVIII, bCG, and hFIX was well-tolerated in NHPs with no adverse clinical pathology or microscopic findings. These two studies demonstrate the safety of AAV-based vector administration in NHPs with either low-titer pre-existing anti-AAV5 antibodies or re-administration, even in the presence of high-titer antibodies.
Sustainable development goal four (SDG 4) in Ghana: Can second cycle school libraries play a role?
Authors: Ntsiful Elizabeth Okantah , Ankrah Ebenezer , Gyesi Kwesi , Bada Naomi
Published: November 2023

School libraries have a strong commitment to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) four. The United Nations SDG four aims to ensure inclusive and equitable education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Librarians are in the right position to foster the attainment of the SDGs. Therefore, this study sought to investigate how school libraries in high schools attain SDG four at the Presbyterian Boys’ Senior High School, Benkum Senior High School, and Kwabenya Senior High School. This study was guided by the Partnership Relationships Model. This study adopted a quantitative approach and survey research design to select 257 out of the total population of 2574 using a stratified sampling method. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The study found that most respondents had a basic level of knowledge of what constitutes SDG four. The Chi-square test showed that there is a relationship between school libraries and SDG four in Kwabenya Senior High School, unlike in Presbyterian and Benkum Senior High Schools. The findings can be explained by the fact that in Kwabenya, the school library plays a critical role by supporting teaching and learning in schools, but in Presbyterian and Benkum, school libraries only provide training for teachers and learners. The study concluded that it is important for school management to assist the school library through the provision of training and supporting teaching and learning to learners in attaining SDG four with available resources. The study recommended the following, awareness creation of SDG four through workshops, provision of training, and enhancement of collection to support the teaching and learning of learners.
Where is the public of ‘networked publics’? A critical analysis of the theoretical limitations of online publics research
Authors: Ojala Markus , Ripatti-Torniainen Leena
Published: November 2023

The study of online media use has been elemental in shaping the research on publics within communication and media studies in the last few decades. This article takes a critical view of this research by asking to what extent it has been informed by the long history of theoretical work on the concept of the public. Reviewing the literature on ‘networked publics’ as an illustrative example, we demonstrate how the lack of public-theoretical engagement creates both conceptual and empirical limitations to the study of online publics. We also indicate how the sociological, political theory and cultural studies traditions on the concept of the public can contribute to widening the perspectives of online publics research within communication and media studies.
Perceived Racial Discrimination, Poverty-Related Stress, Civic Efficacy, and Psychological Problems in Low Socioeconomic Preadolescents
Authors: Vaid Esha , Wadsworth Martha E.
Published: November 2023

This study examined the intersecting experiences of perceived racial discrimination, poverty-related stress (PRS), and civic efficacy with psychological functioning in preadolescents. The sample consisted of 129 low-income, racially and ethnically diverse preadolescents. Hierarchical linear regression analyses found that perceived racial discrimination and PRS were associated with greater psychological problems, as reported by parents and youth. High levels of both perceived racial discrimination and PRS together resulted in even higher psychological problems, as reported by parents. Lastly, civic efficacy significantly moderated the relationship, where higher civic efficacy in the presence of both discrimination and PRS was associated with fewer psychological problems. In conclusion, these findings suggest that considering both stressors as intersecting rather than additive stress may better explain the mental health disparities among low-income and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) youth. Additionally, empowering resources, such as civic efficacy, may promote positive development.
The Influence of Marriage and Cohabitation on Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older People
Authors: Yuan Shuhan , Elam Kit K. , Johnston Jeanne D. , Chow Angela
Published: November 2023

Using data from a nationally representative longitudinal study, Midlife in the United States (waves 1–3; N = 1113; aged 49–93), this study investigated whether partnered living status (partnered vs. non-partnered) and partnered living quality (support/strain from partner, partner disagreements) were associated with physical activity in middle-aged/older adults. Regressions were performed to test the effect of change or stability in partnered living status across three waves and relationship quality on the frequency of moderate and vigorous physical activity at Wave 3. Subjects who changed from non-partnered to partnered living had the highest moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. Partner support was positively associated with moderate physical activity (β = .50, p < .01), and partner disagreement was negatively associated with vigorous physical activity (β = −.27, p < .01). Results suggest that partnered living status and quality can influence physical activity among the aging population. Physical activity interventions among older adults may benefit from including social support as a key component.
Experimental and analytical investigation of the tensile behavior of 3D-printed composites based on micro-CT analysis
Authors: Şık Alp , Tanabi Hamed , Çubukçu H Evren , Sabuncuoglu Baris
Published: November 2023

Mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced composites manufactured with fused deposition modeling is affected by variables such as printing properties and internal structure of the composite. In this study, the relation between the tensile properties of 3D-printed short fiber reinforced composites, printing orientation and internal structure is inspected. Samples of different printing orientations are manufactured. These samples are inspected under X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and their fiber orientation distributions and fiber properties are determined. Then, these internal structure properties are applied to analytical material models to estimate the tensile properties of composites. Estimated material properties are compared with tensile test results. It turns out that analytical models that consider internal structure properties provide more accurate estimations than other analytical models that does not take these into account.