bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Sohma Ryoichi , Sakuma Masashi , Obi Syotaro , Nishino Setsu , Inoue Ken-ichi , Kishimoto Satoko , Lu Tianyang , Toyoda Shigeru , Inoue Teruo
Published: June 2023

Background

We evaluated the efficacy of the factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban on the differentiation ability of vascular endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which play roles in vascular injury repair and atherogenesis. Antithrombotic treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is challenging, and current guidelines recommend oral anticoagulant monotherapy 1 year or more after PCI. However, biological evidence of the pharmacological effects of anticoagulants is insufficient.

Methods

EPC colony-forming assays were performed using peripheral blood-derived CD34-positive cells from healthy volunteers. Adhesion and tube formation of cultured EPCs were assessed in human umbilical cord-derived CD34-positive cells. Endothelial cell surface markers were assessed using flow cytometry, and Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation were examined using western blot analysis of EPCs. Adhesion, tube formation and endothelial cell surface marker expression was observed in EPCs transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2. Finally, EPC behaviors were assessed in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI in whom warfarin was changed to rivaroxaban.

Results

Rivaroxaban increased the number of large EPC colonies and increased the bioactivities of EPCs, including adhesion and tube formation. Rivaroxaban also increased vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, Tie-2, and E-selectin expression as well as Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. PAR-2 knockdown increased the bioactivities of EPCs and endothelial cell surface marker expression. Patients in whom the number of large colonies increased after switching to rivaroxaban showed better vascular repair.

Conclusions

Rivaroxaban increased the differentiation ability of EPCs, leading to potential advantages in the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Risk prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome based on a nomogram model
Authors: Ouyang Peilin , Duan Siqi , You Yiping , Jia Xiaozhou , Yang Liqin
Published: June 2023

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are prone to develop gestational diabetes mellitus, a disease which may have significant impact on the postpartum health of both mother and infant. We performed a retrospective cohort study to develop and test a model that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Our study included 434 pregnant women who were referred to the obstetrics department between December 2017 and March 2020 with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Of these women, 104 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester. Univariate analysis revealed that in the first trimester, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), age, total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), SBP (systolic blood pressure), family history, body mass index (BMI), and testosterone were predictive factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that TC, age, HbA1C, BMI and family history were independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. The area under the ROC curve of the gestational diabetes mellitus risk prediction model was 0.937 in this retrospective analysis, demonstrating a great discriminatory ability. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 0.833 and 0.923, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test also showed that the model was well calibrated.
High HSPB1 expression predicts poor clinical outcomes and correlates with breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Huo Qin , Wang Juan , Xie Ni
Published: June 2023

Background

Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) is a crucial biomarker for pathological processes in various cancers. However, the clinical value and function of HSPB1 in breast cancer has not been extensively explored. Therefore, we adopted a systematic and comprehensive approach to investigate the correlation between HSPB1 expression and clinicopathological features of breast cancer, as well as determine its prognostic value. We also examined the effects of HSPB1 on cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and metastasis.

Methods

We investigated the expression of HSPB1 in patients with breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas and immunohistochemistry. Chi-squared test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to examine the relationship between HSPB1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics.

Results

We observed that HSPB1 expression was significantly correlated with the stage N, pathologic stages, as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors. Furthermore, high HSPB1 expression resulted in a poor prognosis for overall survival, relapse-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival. Multivariable analysis showed that patients with poor survival outcomes had higher tumor, node, metastasis, and pathologic stages. Pathway analysis of HSPB1 and the altered neighboring genes suggested that HSPB1 is involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Functional analysis revealed showed that transient knockdown of HSPB1 inhibited the cell migration/invasion ability and promoted apoptosis.

Conclusions

HSPB1 may be involved in breast cancer metastasis. Collectively, our study demonstrated that HSPB1 has prognostic value for clinical outcomes and may serve as a therapeutic biomarker for breast cancer.
Prevalence of stunting and associated factors among neonates in Shebadino woreda, Sidama region South Ethiopia; a community-based cross-sectional study 2022
Authors: Tola Gizu , Kassa Andargachew , Getu Melkamu , Dibaba Bekem , Neggesse Shambel
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Stunting is a syndrome that begins at conception and leads to severe, irreversible physiological, physical and cognitive damage as an irreversible consequence of nutritional deficiencies and recurrent infections. Although multiple studies have been conducted in Ethiopia to show the magnitude of stunting and factors, all are concentrated on children aged between 6 to 59 months. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting at birth among new-borns.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 512 neonates in Shebadino Woreda, Sidama Region South Ethiopia 2022. A multistage sampling technique was employed. The data was collected door-to-door using pretested and structured questionnaires, through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were cleaned manually, coded, entered into Epidata version 4.6, and exported to SPSS version 26 software for analysis. Bi-variable analysis was conducted to assess the association of independent variables with the outcome variable. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in bi-variable logistic regression were further analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of association, and variables that had a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were considered as significantly associated variables.

Result

The prevalence of stunting in this study was 27.5%: 95% CI 22.6 to 31.9. Factors such as residence (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.49, 11.25), ANC follow up (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.34, 5.27), started taking Amessa (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.55) and Sex of the neonate (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.23) were significantly associated with stunting at a p-value of < 0.05.

Conclusion

About 27% of neonates were stunted, which implies, it require a quick public health measurement. New-born who were live in rural area and those who were started traditional medication (Amessa) were more stunted. Besides this, stunting was prevalently observed among a mother who had no ANC follow-up and male neonates. Thus, the regional health bureau and Shebedino woreda health office should increase awareness creation to bring behavioural change at community level to prevent traditional medication usage, ANC follow-up and giving priority for those who live in rural area.
The Korean hip fracture registry study
Authors: Park Jung-Wee , Ha Yong-Chan , Kim Jin-Woo , Kim Tae-Young , Kim Ji Wan , Baek Seung-Hoon , Lee Young-Kyun , Koo Kyung-Hoi
Published: June 2023

Background

The purpose of the Korean Hip Fracture Registry (KHFR) Study is to establish a nationwide, hospital-based prospective cohort study of adults with hip fracture to explore the incidence and risk factors of second osteoporotic fractures for a Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) model.

Methods

The KHFR, a prospective multicenter longitudinal study, was launched in 2014. Sixteen centers recruited participants who were treated for hip fracture. The inclusion criteria were patients, who were treated for proximal femur fracture due to low-energy trauma and aged 50 or more at the time of injury. Until 2018, 5,841 patients were enrolled in this study. Follow-up surveys were conducted annually to determine occurrence of second osteoporotic fracture, and 4,803 participants completed at least one follow-up survey.

Discussion

KHFR is a unique resource of individual level on osteoporotic hip fracture with radiological, medical, and laboratory information including DXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), bone turnover marker, body composition, and hand grip strength for future analyses for FLS model. Modifiable factors for mortality after hip surgery is planned to be identified with nutritional assessment and multi-disciplinary interventions from hospitalization to follow-ups. The proportions of femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures were 517 (42.0%), 730 (53.6%), and 60 (4.4%), respectively, from 2014 to 2016, which was similar in other studies. Radiologic definition of atypical subtrochanteric fracture was adopted and 17 (1.2%) fractures among 1,361 proximal femoral fractures were identified. Internal fixation showed higher reoperation rate compared to arthroplasty in unstable intertrochanteric fractures (6.1% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.046) with no significant difference in mortality. The KHFR plans to identify outcomes and risk factors associated with second fracture by conducting a 10-year cohort study, with a follow-up every year, using 5,841 baseline participants.

Trial registration

Present study was registered on Internet-based Clinical Research and Trial management system (iCReaT) as multicenter prospective observational cohort study (Project number: C160022, Date of registration: 22th, Apr, 2016).
Dynamic soft tissue mobilization versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in reducing hamstring muscle tightness in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial
Authors: Nafees Khadija , Baig Aftab Ahmed Mirza , Ali Syed Shahzad , Ishaque Farhan
Published: June 2023

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) considered as one of the most common degenerative diseases of synovial joint. KOA is mostly managed by physical therapy, focused on pain management, the range of motion and muscle strengthening but muscle flexibility is usually neglected. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic soft tissue mobilization (DSTM) in comparison with the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching in the management of hamstring tightness, reduction of pain intensity and improvement of physical functionality in KOA.

Methods

Forty eight patients with KOA were randomly allocated to group A receiving DTSM and group B receiving PNF stretching. The cryotherapy and isometric strengthening exercises were also given to both groups. Total treatment duration consisted of 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week and total 12 sessions per patient. Each treatment session comprised of 30 min. At baseline and post treatment, Active knee extension test(AKET), Visual analogue scale (VAS), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were used to assess hamstring flexibility, pain intensity level and physical functional capability respectively. The continuous variables were shown as mean and standard deviations. For the comparison of outcome within and between groups, paired sample and independent t-test was applied. Considerable p value was less than 0.05.

Results

The between group analysis of VAS, right AKE test, and left AKE test showed non-significant (p > 0.05) mean difference as 0.2 (95% CI= -0.29, 0.70), 1.79 (95% CI= -1.84, 4.59), 1.78 (95% CI= -1.6, 5.19) respectively. KOOS domains of symptom, pain, ADLs, sports and recreational, and quality of life had also non-significant (p > 0.05) mean difference as 1.12 (95% CI= -4.05, 6.3), -5.12 (95% CI= -12.71, 2.46), -2.55 (95% CI= -7.47, 2.38), -2.7 (95% CI= -9.72, 4.3), and − 0.68 (95% CI= -7.69, 6.36) respectively. Significant (p < 0.001) improvement was shown in both groups for all outcome measures after 12 sessions.

Conclusion

DSTM and PNF stretching, both treatments are equally beneficial in KOA for hamstring flexibility, pain reduction and functional mobility in terms of AKET, VAS, and KOOS respectively.

Trial Registration

ClincalTrials.Gov with ID: NCT04925895, 14/06/2021, retrospectively registered.
Accuracy (trueness and precision) of 3D printed orthodontic models finalized to clear aligners production, testing crowded and spaced dentition
Authors: Grassia Vincenzo , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Isola Gaetano , Nucci Ludovica , Leonardi Rosalia , Lo Giudice Antonino
Published: June 2023

Background

The study's objective was to assess the accuracy (trueness and precision) of orthodontic models obtained from crowded and spaced dentition finalized for the production of clear aligners. Four 3D printers featuring different technologies and market segments were used for this purpose.

Methods

Two digital master models were obtained from two patients featuring respectively crowded dentition (CM group) and diastema/edentulous spaces (DEM group). The 3D printers tested were: Form 3B (SLA technology, medium-professional segment), Vector 3SP (SLA technology, industrial segment), Asiga Pro 4K65 (DLP technology, high-professional segment), and Anycubic Photon M3 (LCD technology, entry-level segment). Each 3D printed model was scanned and superimposed onto the reference master model and digital deviation analysis was performed to assess the trueness and precision calculated as root mean square (RMS). All data were statistically examined to obtain intra-group and inter-groups comparisons(p 0.05).

Results

In both CM and DEM groups, SLA 3D printers (Vector 3SP and Form 3B) showed lower trueness error compared to DLP/LCD technologies (Asiga Pro 4K65, Anycubic Photon M3) (p < 0.001). In general, the entry-level printer (Anycubic Photon M3) showed the greatest trueness error (p < 0.001). Comparing CM and DEM models generated with the same 3D printer, statistically significant differences were found only for Asiga Pro 4k65 and Anycubic Photon M3 printers (p > 0.05). Concerning data of precision, the DLP technology (Asiga Pro 4k65) showed lower error compared to the other 3D printers tested. The trueness and precision errors were within the accepted clinical error for clear aligner manufacturing (< 0.25 mm), with the entry-level 3D printer nearly reaching this value.

Conclusions

The accuracy of orthodontic models generated for clear aligners can be affected by different 3D printer technologies and anatomical characteristics of dental arches.
Comparing individual-, family-, and community-level effects on the oral health of preschool children: a multilevel analysis of national survey data
Authors: Lin Ying-Chun , Huang Shun-Te , Yen Cheng-Wei , Huang Yung-Kai , Shieh Tzong-Ming , Chi Wei-Hsueh , Yao Wu-Lin , Ho Pei-Shan
Published: June 2023

Background

Early childhood is a critical stage for the prevention of dental caries. The prevalence of caries in preschool children is still high in Taiwan, where National Health Insurance covers 99% of the population. The effort to improve the oral health of preschool children should be based on conceptual model that encompasses more than individual-level factors. This study input nationwide survey data in a conceptual model to evaluate the effects of comprehensive factors related to the high prevalence of caries in preschool children.

Methods

This observation study examined factors related to the oral health of preschool children by employing a comprehensive multilevel model to analyse nationally representative data from the Taiwan Oral Health Survey of Preschool Children (TOHPC) 2017–2018. Individual-level, family-level and community-level contextual effects were evaluated through multilevel analysis in this study. The proportional change in variance (PCV) was used to compare the multilevel model with the null model and individual-level, family-level, and community-level context effects.

Results

The estimated deft index for preschool children was 1.34 (1.22–1.47) at age 3, 2.20 (2.08–2.32) at age 4, and 3.05 (2.93–3.18) at age 5. The overall prevalence of caries in preschool children in Taiwan was 34.27% (30.76%, 37.78%) at age 3, 51.67% (48.99%, 54.35%) at age 4, and 62.05% (59.66%, 64.44%) at age 5. The model that included the individual-, family-, and community-context levels exhibited the highest reduction of variance (PCV = 53.98%). The PCV was further reduced to 35.61% when only the level of accessibility to dental services for individuals, families, and the community was considered. For the model in which no community-context cofactors were considered and the model considering only the individual level, the PCVs were 20.37% and 5.52%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate the key components that affect oral health in preschool children and can serve as a reference for policy makers. The most notable finding of this study is that to improve the oral health of preschool children, community-level factors should be targeted. To rely solely on dentists for leading oral health education programs for children is impractical and inefficient. Training more professional oral health educators to provide additional community-based oral health promotion campaigns is critical. We suggest training more professional oral health educators to provide more community-based oral health promotion campaigns.
Satisfaction and anxiety level during clinical training among nursing students
Authors: Ahmed Faransa A. , Alrashidi Nojoud , Mohamed Rasha A. , Asiri Abdulaziz , Al Ali Amer , Aly Khaled H. , Nouh Wael G. , Demerdash Nehal A. , Marzouk Salwa Ali , Omar Ayat M. , Marzouk Marzouk M. , Alkalash Safa H. , Moursy Shimaa M. , Fadila Doaa E. , Eldin Samar S. , Almowafy Abeer A.
Published: June 2023

Background

Quality is a primary concern of health care agencies worldwide. A conducive clinical training environment is essential for nursing students to be capable of enhancing their learning experiences and achieving the desired training outcomes.

Aim

This study aimed to examine the satisfaction and anxiety levels during clinical training among nursing students.

Type of study

A descriptive -analytical cross-sectional study design was utilized. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University and Colleges of Applied Medical Sciences in Alnamas and Bisha, University of Bisha. Sampling method: A convenience sampling technique was used. Sample size: a sample of 1052 undergraduate nursing students. The data was gathered via a structured questionnaire including the socio-demographic characteristics and nursing students’ satisfaction with the hospital and laboratory training. Additionally, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was adopted to measure the anxiety level.

Results

The mean age of the studied sample was 21.9 ± 1.83 years, and 56.9% are females. Moreover, 90.1% & 76.4% of the nursing students were satisfied with their hospital and laboratory training. Furthermore, 61.1% & 54.8% of the students had mild levels of anxiety regarding their hospital training and laboratory training, respectively.

Conclusion

The undergraduate nursing students had a high level of satisfaction with their clinical training at the hospitals and laboratories. Moreover, they had mild anxiety related to hospital and laboratory clinical training.

Recommendations

Developing clinical orientation and training programs and improvement strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the clinical training environment. The establishment of a modern, tastefully designed, and fully stocked skill lab for the college's student training should receive more attention.

Clinical relevance

Through the provision of ongoing education about different method of practice, nursing was intended to shape future professional nurses who master core competencies of the profession. Organizations may benefit from developing a comprehensive strategy to achieve an effective teaching program.
Machine diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using a novel fast-response capnometer
Authors: Talker Leeran , Neville Daniel , Wiffen Laura , Selim Ahmed B. , Haines Matthew , Carter Julian C. , Broomfield Henry , Lim Rui Hen , Lambert Gabriel ,   BRS Study Team, Winter Jonathon , Gribbin Andrew , Chauhan Milan , De Vos Ruth , Kalra Paul , Begum Selina , Robinson Barbara , Mundy Bernadette , Rutter Heather , Madronal Karen , Weiss Scott T. , Hayward Gail , Brown Thomas , Chauhan Anoop , Patel Ameera X.
Published: June 2023

Background

Although currently most widely used in mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, features of the carbon dioxide (CO2) waveform produced through capnometry have been shown to correlate with V/Q mismatch, dead space volume, type of breathing pattern, and small airway obstruction. This study applied feature engineering and machine learning techniques to capnography data collected by the N-Tidal™ device across four clinical studies to build a classifier that could distinguish CO2 recordings (capnograms) of patients with COPD from those without COPD.

Methods

Capnography data from four longitudinal observational studies (CBRS, GBRS, CBRS2 and ABRS) was analysed from 295 patients, generating a total of 88,186 capnograms. CO2 sensor data was processed using TidalSense’s regulated cloud platform, performing real-time geometric analysis on CO2 waveforms to generate 82 physiologic features per capnogram. These features were used to train machine learning classifiers to discriminate COPD from ‘non-COPD’ (a group that included healthy participants and those with other cardiorespiratory conditions); model performance was validated on independent test sets.

Results

The best machine learning model (XGBoost) performance provided a class-balanced AUROC of 0.985 ± 0.013, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.914 ± 0.039 and sensitivity of 0.915 ± 0.066 for a diagnosis of COPD. The waveform features that are most important for driving classification are related to the alpha angle and expiratory plateau regions. These features correlated with spirometry readings, supporting their proposed properties as markers of COPD.

Conclusion

The N-Tidal™ device can be used to accurately diagnose COPD in near-real-time, lending support to future use in a clinical setting.

Trial registration: Please see NCT03615365, NCT02814253, NCT04504838 and NCT03356288.
Detection of Plasmodium simium gametocytes in non-human primates from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Amaral Lara Cotta , Salazar Yanka Evellyn Alves Rodrigues , de Alvarenga Denise Anete Madureira , de Pina-Costa Anielle , Nunes Ana Júlia Dutra , de Souza Junior Júlio Cesar , Gonçalves Gustavo Henrique Pereira , Hirano Zelinda Maria Braga , Moreira Sílvia Bahadian , Pissinatti Alcides , Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio Tadeu , de Sousa Taís Nóbrega , Alves de Brito Cristiana Ferreira
Published: June 2023

Background

Plasmodium species of non-human primates (NHP) are of great interest because they can naturally infect humans. Plasmodium simium, a parasite restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, was recently shown to cause a zoonotic outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The potential of NHP to act as reservoirs of Plasmodium infection presents a challenge for malaria elimination, as NHP will contribute to the persistence of the parasite. The aim of the current study was to identify and quantify gametocytes in NHP naturally-infected by P. simium.

Methods

Whole blood samples from 35 NHP were used in quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays targeting 18S rRNA, Pss25 and Pss48/45 malaria parasite transcripts. Absolute quantification was performed in positive samples for 18S rRNA and Pss25 targets. Linear regression was used to compare the quantification cycle (Cq) and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the copy numbers of 18S rRNA and Pss25 transcripts. The number of gametocytes/µL was calculated by applying a conversion factor of 4.17 Pss25 transcript copies per gametocyte.

Results

Overall, 87.5% of the 26 samples, previously diagnosed as P. simium, were positive for 18S rRNA transcript amplification, of which 13 samples (62%) were positive for Pss25 transcript amplification and 7 samples (54%) were also positive for Pss48/45 transcript. A strong positive correlation was identified between the Cq of the 18S rRNA and Pss25 and between the Pss25 and Pss48/45 transcripts. The 18S rRNA and Pss25 transcripts had an average of 1665.88 and 3.07 copies/µL, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the copy number of Pss25 and 18S rRNA transcripts. Almost all gametocyte carriers exhibited low numbers of gametocytes (< 1/µL), with only one howler monkey having 5.8 gametocytes/µL.

Conclusions

For the first time, a molecular detection of P. simium gametocytes in the blood of naturally-infected brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) was reported here, providing evidence that they are likely to be infectious and transmit P. simium infection, and, therefore, may act as a reservoir of malaria infection for humans in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Simulated full weight bearing following posterior column acetabular fracture fixation: a biomechanical comparability study
Authors: Berk Till , Zderic Ivan , Schwarzenberg Peter , Pastor Torsten , Pfeifer Roman , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Richards Geoff , Gueorguiev Boyko , Pape Hans-Christoph
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The incidence of acetabular fractures (AFs) is increasing in all industrial nations, with posterior column fractures (PCFs) accounting for 18.5–22% of these cases. Treating displaced AFs in elderly patients is a known challenge. The optimal surgical strategy implementing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), total hip arthroplasty (THA), or percutaneous screw fixation (SF), remains debated. Additionally, with either of these treatment methods, the post-surgical weight bearing protocols are also ambiguous. The aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate construct stiffness and failure load following a PCF fixation with either standard plate osteosynthesis, SF, or using a screwable cup for THA under full weight bearing conditions.

Methods

Twelve composite osteoporotic pelvises were used. A PCF according to the Letournel Classification was created in 24 hemi-pelvis constructs stratified into three groups (n = 8) as follows: (i) posterior column fracture with plate fixation (PCPF); (ii) posterior column fracture with SF (PCSF); (iii) posterior column fracture with screwable cup fixation (PCSC). All specimens were biomechanically tested under progressively increasing cyclic loading until failure, with monitoring of the interfragmentary movements via motion tracking.

Results

Initial construct stiffness (N/mm) was 154.8 ± 68.3 for PCPF, 107.3 ± 41.0 for PCSF, and 133.3 ± 27.5 for PCSC, with no significant differences among the groups, p = 0.173. Cycles to failure and failure load were 7822 ± 2281 and 982.2 ± 428.1 N for PCPF, 3662 ± 1664 and 566.2 ± 366.4 N for PCSF, and 5989 ± 3440 and 798.9 ± 544.0 N for PCSC, being significantly higher for PCPF versus PCSF, p = 0.012.

Conclusion

Standard ORIF of PCF with either plate osteosynthesis or using a screwable cup for THA demonstrated encouraging results for application of a post-surgical treatment concept with a full weight bearing approach. Further biomechanical cadaveric studies with larger sample size should be initiated for a better understanding of AF treatment with full weight bearing and its potential as a concept for PCF fixation.
Discrimination of Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et radix and its adulterant species and establishment of an assay method for quality control
Authors: Li Yue , Yu Qiong-Xi , Yau Lee-Fong , Huang Guo-Kai , Lu Jing-Guang , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Jiang Zhi-Hong , Wang Jing-Rong
Published: June 2023

Background

BaphicacanthisCusiae Rhizoma et Radix, commonly known as Nan-Ban-Lan-Gen (NBLG), is an essential traditional Chinese medicine that possesses diverse bioactivities, particularly noteworthy for its antiviral properties. Although NBLG has been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as an independent Chinese medicine, the establishment of a comprehensive quality standard for NBLG remains elusive. The absence of assay for marker compound in its quality standards has led to the lack of corresponding quality control measures for NBLG-containing preparations, and its discrimination from adulterant species in the market which thereby can significantly impact the efficacy and safety of NBLG-containing products.

Methods

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) was employed for comprehensive profiling of the chemical constituents of NBLG, the stem of Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek (NBLJ), and the roots of Isatis indigotica Fort. (Bei-Ban-Lan-Gen, BBLG). Additionally, multivariate analysis was conducted to compare the chemical components of NBLG with those of NBLJ and BBLG. Furthermore, we established an optimized and validated HPLC method to obtain the fingerprint of NBLG and quantify the content of 2-benzoxazolinone and acteoside in the samples.

Results

A total of 73 compounds belonging to six classes were assigned in NBLG, with alkaloids being the most abundant and diverse species. High compositional similarities with significant differences in content were observed between NBLG and NBLJ. Moreover, the chemical profile of BBLG markedly differed from that of NBLG. An informative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of NBLG comprising seven characteristic peaks that can be used for quality assessment was established. Notably, we propose a quality control standard for NBLG, stipulating that the limit of content in dry weight for both 2-benzoxazolinone and acteoside should not be less than 0.010%.

Conclusion

This study provides the most comprehensive chemical information to date on NBLG, offering valuable insights into its authentication and quality control. Our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive chemical profiling to differentiate potential substitutions and adulterations of herbal medicines, particularly when the original source is scarce or unavailable. These results can aid in the development of quality control measures for NBLG-containing preparations, ensuring their safety and efficacy.
A qualitative study on the perspectives of mothers who had been diagnosed with primary carnitine deficiency through newborn screening of their child
Authors: van den Heuvel Lieke M. , Kater-Kuipers Adriana , van Dijk Tessa , Crefcoeur Loek L. , Visser Gepke , Langeveld Mirjam , Henneman Lidewij
Published: June 2023

Background

Primary carnitine deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism, which can lead to life-threating complications early in life. Low carnitine levels can be detected by newborn bloodspot screening (NBS). However, NBS can also identify, mostly asymptomatic, mothers with primary carnitine deficiency. To identify mothers’ needs and areas for improving screening practice, this study explored the experiences with, and opinions on primary carnitine deficiency screening in NBS among women diagnosed through NBS of their newborn.

Methods

Twelve Dutch women were interviewed, 3–11 years after diagnosis. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

Four main themes were derived: 1) psychological impact of primary carnitine deficiency diagnosis, 2) becoming a patient and “patient-in-waiting”, 3) information issues and care provision, and 4) primary carnitine deficiency as part of the NBS panel. Mothers shared that they did not experience major psychological distress of the diagnosis. They did experience (recall) various emotions following the initial abnormal NBS result, including fear and anxiety as well as relief, and emotions regarding their own diagnosis, including uncertainty about health risks and treatment effectiveness. Some felt a patient-in-waiting. Many participants experienced a lack of information, especially shortly after receiving the abnormal NBS result. All shared the belief that screening for primary carnitine deficiency in NBS is beneficial for the newborn, and, given the information they received, also considered the knowledge beneficial for their own health.

Conclusions

Psychological burden following diagnosis was experienced by women as limited, although the experienced lack of information amplified feelings of uncertainty and anxiety. Most mothers believed that benefits of knowing about primary carnitine deficiency outweighed the disadvantages. Mothers’ perspectives should be incorporated in policy-making about primary carnitine deficiency in NBS.
Circuit change during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: single-center retrospective study of 48 changes
Authors: Genty Thibaut , Burguburu Stanislas , Imbert Audrey , Roman Calypso , Camille Wirth , Thès Jacques , Stéphan François
Published: June 2023

Background

Bleeding and thrombosis induce major morbidity and mortality in patients under extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO). Circuit changes can be performed for oxygenation membrane thrombosis but are not recommended for bleeding under ECMO. The objective of this study was to evaluate the course of clinical, laboratory, and transfusion parameters before and after ECMO circuit changes warranted by bleeding or thrombosis.

Methods

In this single-center, retrospective, cohort study, clinical parameters (bleeding syndrome, hemostatic procedures, oxygenation parameters, transfusion) and laboratory parameters (platelet count, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, PaO2) were collected over the seven days surrounding the circuit change.

Results

In the 274 patients on ECMO from January 2017 to August 2020, 48 circuit changes were performed in 44 patients, including 32 for bleeding and 16 for thrombosis. Mortality was similar in the patients with vs. without changes (21/44, 48% vs. 100/230, 43%) and in those with bleeding vs. thrombosis (12/28, 43% vs. 9/16, 56%, P = 0.39). In patients with bleeding, numbers of bleeding events, hemostatic procedures, and red blood cell transfusions were significantly higher before vs. after the change (P < 0.001); the platelet counts and fibrinogen levels decreased progressively before and increased significantly after the change. In patients with thrombosis, numbers of bleeding events and red blood cell transfusions did not change after membrane change. No significant differences were demonstrated between oxygenation parameters (ventilator FiO2, ECMO FiO2, and PaO2) and ECMO flow before vs. after the change.

Conclusions

In patients with severe and persistent bleeding, changing the ECMO circuit decreased clinical bleeding and red blood cell transfusion needs and increased platelets and fibrinogen levels. Oxygenation parameters did not change significantly in the group with thrombosis.
Merging bioactivity predictions from cell morphology and chemical fingerprint models using similarity to training data
Authors: Seal Srijit , Yang Hongbin , Trapotsi Maria-Anna , Singh Satvik , Carreras-Puigvert Jordi , Spjuth Ola , Bender Andreas
Published: June 2023

The applicability domain of machine learning models trained on structural fingerprints for the prediction of biological endpoints is often limited by the lack of diversity of chemical space of the training data. In this work, we developed similarity-based merger models which combined the outputs of individual models trained on cell morphology (based on Cell Painting) and chemical structure (based on chemical fingerprints) and the structural and morphological similarities of the compounds in the test dataset to compounds in the training dataset. We applied these similarity-based merger models using logistic regression models on the predictions and similarities as features and predicted assay hit calls of 177 assays from ChEMBL, PubChem and the Broad Institute (where the required Cell Painting annotations were available). We found that the similarity-based merger models outperformed other models with an additional 20% assays (79 out of 177 assays) with an AUC > 0.70 compared with 65 out of 177 assays using structural models and 50 out of 177 assays using Cell Painting models. Our results demonstrated that similarity-based merger models combining structure and cell morphology models can more accurately predict a wide range of biological assay outcomes and further expanded the applicability domain by better extrapolating to new structural and morphology spaces.

Graphical Abstract
Effects of Pu-erh and Dian Hong tea polyphenols on the gut-liver axis in mice
Authors: Wang Ning , Lan Chaohua , Mehmood Muhammad Aamer , He Manli , Xiao Xiongjun , Li Linman , Liao Dalong , Xu Kewei , Mo Shan , Zhang Puyu , Zhou Xiaoli , Gu Baoxiang , Zhu Hui , Wu Tao
Published: June 2023

Tea polyphenols (TP) are the most biologically active components in tea, with antioxidant, antiobesity, and antitumor properties, as well as the ability to modulate the composition and function of intestinal microbiota. This experimental study evaluated the chemical constituents of polyphenols in Pu-erh (PTP) and Dian Hong tea (DHTP). It also investigated the co-regulatory effects of PTP and DHTP on intestinal flora and liver tissues in mice using 16 S rRNA gene and transcriptome sequencing. The results revealed that DHT had higher concentrations of EGC (epigallocatechin), C (catechin), EC (epicatechin), and EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate). In contrast, PT had higher concentrations of GA (gallic acid), ECG (epicatechin-3-gallate), TF (theaflavin), and TB (theabrownin). PTP and DHTP consumption significantly reduced the rates of weight gain in mice. Microbial community diversity was significantly higher in PTP and DHTP-treated mice than in the control group. Notably, beneficial microbes such as Lactobacillus increased significantly in PTP-treated mice, whereas Lachnospiraceae increased significantly in DHTP-treated mice. Both PTP and DHTP improved the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the beneficial effects of PTP and DHTP were due to changes in various metabolic pathways, the majority of which were related to antioxidant and lipid metabolism. This study discovered that PTP and DHTP had beneficial effects in mice via the gut-liver axis.
Induction of autophagy by oleifolioside A in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: An So-Young , An Hyun-Kyu , Kim Kyoung-Sook , Lee Young-Choon , Kim Seok-Ho
Published: June 2023

In current study, we addressed the anti-cancer effect of oleifolioside A and its mechanism on the regulation of cell death in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells. Oleifolioside A inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation and caused apoptosis associated with sequential activation of caspases 8 and 3, followed by PARP cleavage. Moreover, anti-LC3-positive granules and the increased LC3-II level were observed in HCT-116 cells treated with oleifolioside A, which is the specific characteristics of autophagy. Treatment of autophagy inhibiors, 3-MA and Wort, markedly accelerated the cell death by oleifolioside A and, furthermore, knockdown of Beclin-1 and Atg7 using shRNA increased oleifolioside A-induced apoptosis, suggesting a cytoprotective function of autophagy against oleifolioside A-triggered apoptosis. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with oleifolioside A time-dependently activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Oleifolioside A-induced autophagy was dramatically inhibited by pretreatment with an ERK inhibitor, U0126, which resulted in a marked reduction in cell viability. These findings indicate that oleifolioside A induce autophagy through ERK activation in HCT-116 cells and that autophagy suppression enhances apoptosis induced by oleifolioside A.
Framework for multi-criteria assessment of classification models for the purposes of credit scoring
Authors: Ziemba Paweł , Becker Jarosław , Becker Aneta , Radomska-Zalas Aleksandra
Published: June 2023

The main dilemma in the case of classification tasks is to find—from among many combinations of methods, techniques and values of their parameters—such a structure of the classifier model that could achieve the best accuracy and efficiency. The aim of the article is to develop and practically verify a framework for multi-criteria evaluation of classification models for the purposes of credit scoring. The framework is based on the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method called PROSA (PROMETHEE for Sustainability Analysis), which brought added value to the modelling process, allowing the assessment of classifiers to include the consistency of the results obtained on the training set and the validation set, and the consistency of the classification results obtained for the data acquired in different time periods. The study considered two aggregation scenarios of TSC (Time periods, Sub-criteria, Criteria) and SCT (Sub-criteria, Criteria, Time periods), in which very similar results were obtained for the evaluation of classification models. The leading positions in the ranking were taken by borrower classification models using logistic regression and a small number of predictive variables. The obtained rankings were compared to the assessments of the expert team, which turned out to be very similar.
Two cases of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated via atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination therapy
Authors: Tsunemitsu Ryosuke , Tabuchi Motoyasu , Sakamoto Shinya , Ogi Kenta , Matsumoto Manabu , Iwata Jun , Okabayashi Takehiro
Published: June 2023

Background

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies widely depending on the patient's condition. In recent years, combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has emerged as the treatment of choice due to its superior antitumor effects for unresectable HCC (uHCC). Conversion surgery (CS) after systemic chemotherapy is expected to be an effective treatment strategy for uHCC. Here, we report two cases of uHCC with bilateral porta hepatis invasion, in which atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy regressed the tumor invasion of the porta hepatis, followed by CS with R0 resection.

Case presentation

The first patient—a 71-year-old man with S4 HCC—developed porta hepatis, and the tumor compressed the right portal vein and bile duct. R0 resection with left trihepatectomy was impossible because of insufficient liver function, and combination therapy using atezolizumab and bevacizumab was initiated. After ten courses of treatment, the tumor shrunk with regression of the porta hepatis contact, and segmentectomy of S4 was performed with a sufficient surgical margin. Histopathological findings showed that the primary tumor was mostly necrotic with no residual viable tumor cells. The second patient was a 72-year-old man with an S4 HCC extending to the porta hepatis. The patient’s condition was almost similar to that in the first case and required left tri-segmentectomy with R0 resection; however, insufficient liver function made liver resection impossible. An atezolizumab plus bevacizumab regimen was administered, and after seven courses of treatment, porta hepatis compression regressed, following which left lobectomy was performed with adequate surgical margins. The pathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated HCC, most of which was necrotic, and R0 resection was confirmed.

Conclusions

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy has the potential to facilitate radical resection in patients with uHCC.
Validation of the subtle and blatant prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants scale in Argentina
Authors: Etchezahar Edgardo , Ungaretti Joaquín , Yepes Talía Gómez , Genol Miguel Ángel Albalá
Published: June 2023

Even though prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants is one of the main reasons for discrimination in Argentina, there is no valid measure to assess it. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the subtle and blatant prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants scale. In addition, we tested correlations with right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, feelings towards Bolivian immigrants, and ideological self-placement. Data was collected through a convenience sample of 431 undergraduate students from Buenos Aires, with an age range from 18 to 45 years old (38.75% men and 61.25% women). Results showed adequate psychometric properties for the scale. Moreover, significant correlations between subtle and blatant prejudice and the other psychosocial variables tested were found. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Shatkarma (six inner body cleansing techniques): a way of disease-free life
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Kishore
Published: June 2023

Background

In the yogic tradition, this cleansing is known as shatkarma or shatkriyas. Kriyas or yogic cleansing procedures are an important part of yoga as they help eliminate toxins accumulated in the system. Kriyas also help to rejuvenate the body and put it in the proper condition for the proper functioning of yogasana and pranayama.

Purpose

The purpose of the present qualitative study was to discuss in detail the various aspects of cleaning techniques (shatkarma) and their implication of disease-free life.

Findings

The present article has discussed scientifically the various aspects of shatkarma or six cleansing techniques and their importance in human health. The purification of inner bodily chambers is very important to detoxify our body and remove waste materials. In order to bring balance to tri-dosh vata, pitta, and kapha and empower our internal systems such as blood circulation, digestion, respiratory system, and defense the role of shatkarma, one cannot be ignored.

Conclusion

Yoga is believed to increase the neurotransmitter dopamine (natural anti-depressant) and strengthen your nervous system. A strong mind–body connection, a healthy body, and focusing inward can help towards greater happiness. Most yoga practitioners report a huge reduction in the amount of hostility they feel as well as a sense of control when anger and stress reduction. Moving tension out of the body, de-stressing, meditating, and breath control reduce stress considerably. Shatkarma removes impurities of the internal body, organs which got accumulated by regular intake of external matter through different sensory organs. To make sure of the proper flow of prana (life force), shatkarma ensures there is not any physical/mental knot present in nadis.