bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The brain structure, immunometabolic and genetic mechanisms underlying the association between lifestyle and depression
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Yang Liu , Sahakian Barbara J. , Langley Christelle , Zhang Wei , Kuo Kevin , Li Zeyu , Gan Yihan , Li Yuzhu , Zhao Yang , Yu Jintai , Feng Jianfeng , Cheng Wei
Published: September 2023

Lifestyle factors have been acknowledged to be modifiable targets that can be used to counter the increasing prevalence of depression. This study aims to investigate combining an extensive range of lifestyle factors, including alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, sleep, smoking, sedentary behavior and social connection, that contribute to depression, and examine the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Over nine years of follow-up, a multivariate Cox model was utilized on 287,282 participants from UK Biobank to demonstrate the protective roles of seven lifestyle factors and combined lifestyle score on depression. Combining genetic risk and lifestyle category in 197,344 participants, we found that a healthy lifestyle decreased the risk of depression across a population with varied genetic risk. Mendelian randomization confirmed the causal relationship between lifestyle and depression. A broad range of brain regions and peripheral biomarkers were related to lifestyle, including the pallidum, the precentral cortex, triglycerides and C-reactive protein. Structural equation modeling on 18,244 participants revealed underlying neurobiological mechanisms involving lifestyle, brain structure, immunometabolic function, genetics and depression. Together, our findings suggest that adherence to a healthy lifestyle could aid in the prevention of depression.
Superhydrophobic Coatings: Types and Fabrication Approaches
Authors: Laad Meena , Shalu Akhila , Ghule Babaji
Published: September 2023

Due to their self-cleaning, water repellency, antimicrobial, anti-corrosion and anti-icing attributes, superhydrophobic coatings are becoming increasingly popular and are frequently utilized in medical equipment, wearable electronics, papers, textiles, etc. Making micro- and nanostructures out of materials with low surface energies can result in superhydrophobicity. Generally, multi-step processes are used to make the surfaces of the materials rough in order to create the majority of superhydrophobic coatings. A simple, inexpensive, scalable and environmentally friendly coating technique is highly sought after, considering the shortage of appropriate naturally available templates, along with simple and low-cost methods of fabrication. Superhydrophobic coatings can be produced by reducing surface tension and increasing nanoscale roughness, and they offer a wide range of possible applications. This chapter provides an account of the fabrication techniques used for superhydrophobic coatings.
Laser-assisted Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Peethan Alina , George Sajan Daniel
Published: September 2023

Owing to the wide range of applications, extending from healthcare to the photonics industry, ultra-water-repellent surfaces that mimic the naturally occurring lotus leaf have been the subject of intense research. Although various physical and chemical methods could achieve the biomimicking of the lotus leaf surface, laser-assisted surface topography modification to achieve superhydrophobicity is emerging as the most promising pathway due to the non-contact nature of fabrication and excellent control over the structural features via laser and processing parameters. This chapter provides insight into the progress made in the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with the aid of pulsed lasers operating at different time scales, mainly nano-, pico- and femtosecond lasers. A detailed account of laser–matter interactions in various time domains and the consequent modification of the surface is also provided. Based on recent advances in this field, analysis of the effects of laser parameters such as wavelength, fluence, inter-pattern spacing and repetition rate on the development of superhydrophobic surfaces is discussed in detail. Finally, the emerging applications of laser-textured superhydrophobic surfaces are considered.
Anti-icing and Anti-fogging Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Mittal Ajay , Jaishree  , Goyat Manjeet Singh
Published: September 2023

Superhydrophobic coatings are well known in society and different industries because of their ability for self-cleaning. These coatings are used in multiple areas, including the marine and automotive sectors, optical devices, textiles, drag reduction, oil–water separation, sensors, anti-corrosion and anti-fouling coatings, batteries and many others. Although superhydrophobic coatings have attracted considerable interest for their useful properties, their practical application in the anti-fogging and anti-icing sectors is restricted because of technical challenges in achieving robust long-term durable superhydrophobicity. The use of superhydrophobic coatings on car windshields for self-cleaning and anti-fogging is a well-known application. It may be possible to use anti-icing and ice-phobic coatings to prevent effectively the accumulation of ice and diminish the strength of ice adhesion on aircraft surfaces. The anti-icing and anti-fogging applications of superhydrophobic coatings are the primary focus of this chapter.
Superhydrophobic Coatings for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Latthe Sanjay S. , Gaikwad Pradip P. , Jundle Akshay R. , Ingole Sagar S. , Sutar Rajaram S. , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Liu Shanhu
Published: September 2023

Frequent oil spills and the continuous discharge of industrial and domestic oily wastewater can significantly affect the economy and aquatic and biotic environments. Scientists have developed extremely water repellent surfaces based on the naturally occurring superhydrophobic surfaces that are widely used in various applications such as oil–water separation, self-cleaning, anti-icing, drag reduction, anti-fouling, anti-fogging and anti-corrosion. Smart materials having the properties of extreme water repellency and oil absorbance have been attracting increasing attention, with promising applications especially in oil–water separation. This chapter is focused on various fabrication techniques that can be used effectively to fabricate superhydrophobic/superoleophilic coatings for efficient oil–water separation. The ongoing research progress in the development of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic coatings on membranes, meshes, sponges and fabrics along with novel oil–water separation methods are discussed. Future prospects and challenges in oil–water separation research are also considered.
Influence of Cu induced crystallographic disorder on the optical and lattice vibrational properties of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Zubair Md. Abdullah , Mouri Tasnim Kamal , Chowdhury Mohammed Tareque
Published: September 2023

Optical and lattice vibrational properties of hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles are linked with each other through the formation of both intrinsic and excess Cu-induced extrinsic disorders, rendering a drastic diminution of effective optical band gap.
The validity of the continuum modeling limit in a single pore flows to the molecular scale
Authors: Hossain Jaber Al , Kim BoHung
Published: September 2023

Flows through the nanopore can be modeled using the continuum approach if the pore diameter exceeds 1.5 nm. Short-range van der Waals forces become dominant within the continuum limit while the long-range Coulombic force contribution is negligible.
Laser spectroscopic characterization of supersonic jet cooled 2,7-diazaindole
Authors: Baweja Simran , Kalal Bhavika , Maity Surajit
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive laser spectroscopic study of supersonically jet cooled 2,7-diazaindole molecule in the ground and electronic excited states.
Porous silica nanospheres: a nanoplatform towards protein immobilization and cogent design of biosensors for aromatic water pollutant detection
Authors: Das Sumita , Sahu Subhankar , Bandyopadhyaya Rajdip , Anand Ruchi
Published: September 2023

A rational approach for exploiting the physicochemical properties of porous silica nanospheres (pSN) affecting biomolecule immobilization and aromatic water pollutant monitoring has been demonstrated.
Influence of colloidal iron oxide and natural organic matter fouling on nanofiltration membrane performance: role of feed composition and membrane properties
Authors: Davidkova Desislava Filipova , Graham Margaret , Romero-Vargas Castrillón Santiago , Semião Andrea Joana Correia
Published: September 2023

Iron oxide colloids and natural organic matter in the presence of divalent cations cause irreversible fouling for commonly used drinking water nanofiltration membranes.
Bias switchable narrowband/broadband NIR organic photodetector fabricated with a scalable technique
Authors: Lai Lai-Hung , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Hsieh Chin-Chuan , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: September 2023

This study unveils organic photodetector toggling narrowband/broadband with ultra-thick layers. Low bias enhances near-infrared for narrowband; strong electric field boosts overall efficiency, enabling broadband.
Interfacial stabilization of aqueous two-phase systems: a review
Authors: Fick Caitlyn , Khan Zara , Srivastava Samanvaya
Published: September 2023

A review discussing aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS), their utility, and many different approaches for stabilizing their water/water (w/w) emulsions.
Combined computational and experimental approach for bio-sourced monomers to design green pressure-sensitive adhesives
Authors: Singh Manjinder , Sahoo Sushanta K. , Manik Gaurav
Published: September 2023

Acrylated epoxidized linseed oil and acrylated epoxidized methyl ester used to design green pressure-sensitive adhesives for healthcare and food packaging industries.
Heat flux concentrators based on nanoscale phononic metastructures
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Haochun , Li Weifeng , Zhang Gang
Published: September 2023

In recent years, nanoscale heat flux regulation has been at the forefront of research.
Efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by multi-functionalized γ-Al2O3 beads
Authors: Shen Yao , Lin Fang , Wang Kang , Wang Xitao
Published: September 2023

Multi-functionalized γ-Al2O3 beads with glucose affinity, suitable hydrophobicity and the synergistic effect of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid were constructed.
A new compound Na5Mn4(PO4)4F4·2H2O with a rarely mixed valence spin chain showing multiple magnetic transitions
Authors: Luo Qi , Li Ningxia , Zhao Zhiying , Cui Meiyan , He Zhangzhen
Published: September 2023

A new mixed valence Mn3+/Mn2+ spin-chain compound Na5Mn4(PO4)4F4·2H2O shows multiple magnetic transitions at low temperature.
Electrochemical multicomponent reaction toward vicinal sulfenyltetrazolation of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Bin , Yu Yi , Yuan Yaofeng , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: September 2023

An electrochemical multicomponent reaction (e-MCR) enables the green and sustainable preparation of diverse vicinal sulfenyltetrazolation using the readily available unactivated olefins, thiols, azidotrimethylsilane, and acetonitrile.
Palladium-catalyzed highly chemoselective dearomative spirocyclization of Ugi adducts: facile access to functionalized benzoazepinespiroindolenines with diastereoselectivity
Authors: Qu Chuan-Hua , Li Shu-Ting , Liu Jian-Bo , Tang Dian-Yong , Xu Zhi-Gang , Chen Zhong-Zhu , Song Gui-Ting
Published: September 2023

The development of chemoselective strategies for complex molecules is intrinsically challenging. In this paper, a facile and diversity-oriented access to benzoazepinespiroindolenines is elaborated via Pd-catalyzed highly chemoselective dearomative spirocyclization of Ugi adducts.
Effect of segmental motion on hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolide in electro-spun fiber mats
Authors: Matsuno Hisao , Eto Reiki , Fujii Misato , Totani Masayasu , Tanaka Keiji
Published: September 2023

The release of segmental motion of polyglycolide in fiber mats caused cleavage and partial elution of chains into aqueous phases.
Thermo-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for CuAAC
Authors: Pouget Florence Charnay , Andanson Jean-Michel , Gautier Arnaud
Published: September 2023

The copper alkyne–azide cycloaddition in a deep eutectic solvent possessing thermomorphic properties is reported. The system allows a facile separation of the hydrophilic product from the reagents and catalyst with a small thermal trigger.
Defective NiMn LDH prepared using hydrogen evolution coupled electrodeposition for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Sun Mao , Wang Jike
Published: September 2023

A defective NiMn LDH catalyst was synthesized using a hydrogen evolution coupled electrodeposition method, demonstrating excellent oxygen evolution reaction catalytic performance after forming a heterostructure with FeS.
Energy-saving and sustainable saline-base electrolytic hydrogen production system enabled by nickel sulfide-based catalysts
Authors: Lu Chengyi , Yang Shuhe , Zhao Yunxiang , Cao Yong , Huang Qiaogao , Zhu Wenxin , Wang Jianlong
Published: September 2023

A promising saline-base hybrid electrolytic hydrogen production system with low energy consumption and high sustainability was designed.
Single-atom nanozymes: classification, regulation strategy, and safety concerns
Authors: Han Jiping , Gu Yaohua , Yang Changyi , Meng Lingchen , Ding Runmei , Wang Yifan , Shi Keren , Yao Huiqin
Published: September 2023

This review categorizes and describes the applications of SAzymes, explores methods for regulating their activity, and provides a comprehensive overview of the biosafety challenges associated with these enzymes.
Sn(SCN)2 as an additive for improving the hole transport properties of PEDOT:PSS in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Chaopaknam Jidapa , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich , Saeki Akinori , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya
Published: September 2023

Adding Sn(SCN)2 leads to the dedoping of PEDOT:PSS but improves the hole transport properties, yielding higher current and efficiency in organic solar cells.
MiRNA-423 rs6505162 and miRNA-6811 rs2292879 SNP associated with lung cancer in Hainan, China
Authors: Zhou Jing , Meng Chong , Li Yixuan , Fu Yihui , Long Wenfang , Huang Hairong , Liu Yunru , Lyu Pengfei , Xiao Sha
Published: September 2023

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to exert significant influence on various physiological processes and diseases, including cancers. The primary objective of this present study was to examine the impact of eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA on the susceptibility to lung cancer (LC) within the Chinese Southern population.

Methods: The genotypes of these eight polymorphisms were determined in 132 LC patients and 214 cancer-free controls.

Results: In overall analyses, GG genotype of miRNA-6811 rs2292879 polymorphism was significantly correlated with increased risk of LC (GG vs. AA, adjusted OR = 5.10, 95% CI = 1.02–25.43, P=0.047), yet the genotype frequencies of rs2292879 SNP in controls did not met the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P=0.001) in present study. Stratified analyses by smoking revealed that miRNA-423 rs6505162 variants significantly decreased the LC risk in heterozygous (CA vs. CC, adjusted OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03–0.81, P=0.028) and recessive (AA vs. CA + CC, adjusted OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.03–0.90, P=0.038) genetic models in smoking population. However, miRNA-196A2 rs11614913, miRNA-196A2 rs12304647, miRNA-146A rs2910164, miRNA-16-1 rs1022960, miRNA-608 rs4919510, and miRNA-27a rs895819 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with LC.

Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate a potential decrease in LC risk among smokers with the miRNA-423 rs6505162 variants, while an increase in risk is associated with miRNA-6811 rs2292879 polymorphisms in the population of Southern Chinese. However, further well-designed research is necessary to fully understand the precise impact of these two SNPs on the development of LC.
Transferrin promotes chondrogenic differentiation in condylar growth through inducing autophagy via ULK1-ATG16L1 axis
Authors: Wen Xi , Wang Yixiang , Gu Yan
Published: September 2023

Skeletal mandibular hypoplasia (SMH) is one of the most common skeletal craniofacial deformities in orthodontics, which was often accompanied by impaired chondrogenesis and increasing apoptosis of condylar chondrocytes. Therefore, protecting chondrocytes from apoptosis and promoting chondrogenesis in condylar growth is vital for treatment of SMH patients. Transferrin (TF) was highly expressed in condylar cartilage of newborn mice and was gradually declined as the condyle ceased growing. Interestingly, serum level of TF in SMH patients was significantly lower than normal subjects. Hence, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of TF on survival and differentiation of chondrocytes and condylar growth. First, we found that TF protected chondrogenic cell line ATDC5 cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and promoted proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Second, TF promoted chondrogenic differentiation and survival through activating autophagic flux. Inhibiting autophagic flux markedly blocked the effects of TF. Third, TF significantly activated ULK1-ATG16L1 axis. Silencing either transferrin receptor (TFRC), ULK1/2 or ATG16 significantly blocked the autophagic flux induced by TF, as well as its effect on anti-apoptosis and chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we established an organoid culture model of mandible ex vivo and found that TF significantly promoted condylar growth. Taken together, our study unraveled a novel function of TF in condylar growth that TF protected chondrocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and promoted chondrogenic differentiation through inducing autophagy via ULK1-ATG16L1 axis, which demonstrated that TF could be a novel growth factor of condylar growth and shed new light on developing treatment strategy of SMH patients.
Order Affects Clear and Loud Speech Response
Authors: Whitfield Jason A. , Fullenkamp Adam M. , Kriegel Zoe
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of instruction order on the speech production response when adopting higher effort speaking styles, specifically loud and clear speech.

Method:

Speech intensity, lip aperture range, and speech rate data were collected from 24 talkers who repeated the utterance “Buy Bobby a puppy” using habitual, clear, and loud speech. Participants were assigned in quasi-random fashion to one of two groups: a Clear–Loud Group (11 participants; order: habitual-clear-loud) or a Loud–Clear Group (13 participants; order: habitual-loud-clear).

Results:

Talkers in the Clear–Loud Group exhibited higher speech intensity during the loud style compared with those who performed the Loud–Clear Group. Furthermore, talkers in the Clear–Loud Group retained the increases lip aperture range and reductions in speech rate associated with the clear style when producing the loud style. Conversely, talkers in the Loud–Clear Group exhibited significant increases in lip aperture range between the habitual and loud styles and between the loud and clear styles. Additionally, the Loud–Clear Group exhibited a reduction in speech rate only during the clear style, as no differences in speech rate were observed between the habitual and loud styles.

Conclusions:

These findings may suggest that producing a higher effort style leads to carry-over effects in subsequent styles. Future research should investigate factors that moderate the degree of order effects for both research and clinical purposes. For instance, if generalizable, the compounding carry-over effects may prove advantageous for certain clinical populations.
LONG TERM FOLLOW‐UP IN CRYOGLOBULINEMIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Inglese C. , Giuberti T. , Melli G. , Marbini A. , Gemignani F.
Published: September 2023

We evaluated the course of cryoglobulinemic neuropathy in a small series of patients in whom a long term follow‐up was available. Ten patients with polyneuropathy (8 cases) or multiple mononeuropathy (2 cases) associated with cryoglobulinemia type 2 (7 cases) or type 3 (3 cases) were reexamined after at least 5 years from the first observation (range of follow‐up, 5–14 years, median 9 years). All patients were positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV), but none had severe liver involvement, whereas renal involvement was severe in two cases. Two patients were treated with high‐dose prednisone for prolonged periods and one patient with alfa‐interferon for one year; the remaining patients were treated with low‐dose steroid and/or colchicine and cinnarizine.

In the two patients with renal failure, neurological deterioration paralleled the worsening of general condition, and both eventually died after a disease course of less than ten years. In another patient, neurological condition was complicated by steroid‐induced diabetes, and stroke with left‐sided hemiparesis. In the remaining patients (including the patient treated with alfa‐interferon) neurological condition was unchanged, or mildly deteriorated without variation in the Rankin score, although neurophysiological indexes, and in particular amplitude of sensory action potentials, tended to worsen.

We conclude that in a number of cases cryoglobulinemic neuropathy may run an indolent course with mild or absent deterioration, and can be controlled without aggressive medication. However, in a minority of cases there may be a malignant course, especially when systemic manifestations of the disease are prominent.
C5b‐9 TERMINAL COMPLEX ACTIVATION IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING NEUROPATHY
Authors: Mazzeo A. , Vita G.
Published: September 2023

Background: Complement activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some peripheral nerve disorders. Activated terminal attack complex (C5b‐9) was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and in peripheral nerve of patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome, suggesting its involvement in the tissue‐damaging processes. Recently, complement activation products have been described on and around amyloid deposits in acquired and hereditary amyloid neuropathy in which this may contribute to the injury of axons. Objective: The aim of this study was the investigation of patients with CIDP by immunohistochemistry for evidence of complement activation. Materials and Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry on frozen nerve specimens of 5 patients with CIDP compared with 3 patients with chronic inflammatory axonal neuropathy and 3 with HSMN, by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against C5b‐9, macrophages, B, CD4 and CD8 cell subsets. Normal frozen nerves were used as controls. Results: C5b‐9 expression was found with strong signal in the perineurium, endoneurial vessel walls and in some epineurial vessels in inflammatory demyelinating and axonal neuropathies. C5b‐9 immunoreactivity was also present in the perineurial cells of HSMN and, with very low intensity, in normal control nerves. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that complement activation is an important factor in the cascade of events leading to immune‐mediated demyelination in CIDP and axonal damage in some chronic axonal neuropathies. Less‐specific positive perineurial immunoreactivity was detected in HSMN. Evidence of complement activation in inflammatory neuropathies may be helpful in the diagnosis.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY (CIDP) ASSOCIATED WITH MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Capasso M. , Di Muzio A. , Amoroso L. , Cappelli P. , Di Liberato L. , Di Stante S. , Lupo S. , Lugaresi A.
Published: September 2023

The association between CIDP and glomerulonephritis has been rarely reported: membranous glomerulonephritis in five cases, focal‐segmental glomerulosclerosis in two, IgA nephropathy in one. A pathogenetic autoantibody towards a common antigen in myelin and glomerular basement membrane has been hypothesized. A 60‐year‐old man developed proteinuria (3.4 g/24 h) without clinical signs of nephrotic syndrome and, six months later, paresthesias and progressive limb weakness. Examination showed ataxic gait, predominantly distal weakness with bilateral foot drop, glove‐stocking sensory loss, reduced or absent reflexes, and postural tremor. Electrophysiological studies revealed a sensory‐motor demyelinating polyneuropathy with marked axonal loss in lower limbs. CSF examination showed increased proteins. HBV, HCV and HIV markers, rheumatoid factor, ANA, ANCA, ENA were negative. Monoclonal gammopathy and cryoglobulins were absent. C3 and C4 were normal. Circulating immune complexes were 37% (n.v. <35). Anti‐ganglioside (GM1, GM2, GA1, GD1a, GD1b), anti‐ sulfatide, and anti‐MAG antibodies were negative. Sural nerve biopsy showed small epineurial and perineurial infiltrates, marked loss of fibers, and no deposits of IgG and IgM or amyloid. Kidney biopsy revealed a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with associated interstitial nephritis. Neurological and renal abnormalities improved with plasmaphereses and prednisone. This patient represents the first with the association between membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and CIDP, and the sixth, to our knowledge presenting with CIDP and glomerulonephritis. Our results seem to exclude a common pathogenetic role of antiganglioside, anti‐MAG and antisulfatide antibodies in this case.
Intensity contrast of solar network and faculae close to the solar limb, observed from two vantage points
Authors: Albert K. , Krivova N. A. , Hirzberger J. , Solanki S. K. , Moreno Vacas A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Albelo Jorge N. , Appourchaux T. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Gandorfer A. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kahil F. , Kolleck M. , Volkmer R. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Woch J. , Fiethe B. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Balaguer Jiménez M. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Calchetti D. , Carmona M. , Deutsch W. , Feller A. , Fernandez-Rico G. , Fernández-Medina A. , García Parejo P. , Gasent Blesa J. L. , Gizon L. , Grauf B. , Heerlein K. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Lange T. , López Jiménez A. , Maue T. , Meller R. , Müller R. , Nakai E. , Schmidt W. , Schou J. , Sinjan J. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , Torralbo I. , Valori G.
Published: September 2023

Context. The brightness of faculae and network depends on the angle at which they are observed and the magnetic flux density. Close to the limb, the assessment of this relationship has until now been hindered by the increasingly lower signal in magnetograms.

Aims. This preliminary study aims to highlight the potential of using simultaneous observations from different vantage points to better determine the properties of faculae close to the limb.

Methods. We used data from the Solar Orbiter/Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (SO/PHI), and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (SDO/HMI), recorded at an ∼60° angular separation of their lines of sight at the Sun. We used the continuum intensity observed close to the limb by SO/PHI and complemented it with the co-observed BLOS from SDO/HMI, originating closer to disc centre (as seen by SDO/HMI), thus avoiding the degradation of the magnetic field signal near the limb.

Results. We derived the dependence of facular brightness in the continuum on disc position and magnetic flux density from the combined observations of SO/PHI and SDO/HMI. Compared with a single point of view, we were able to obtain contrast values reaching closer to the limb and to lower field strengths. We find the general dependence of the limb distance at which the contrast is maximum on the flux density to be at large in line with single viewpoint observations, in that the higher the flux density is, the closer the turning point lies to the limb. There is a tendency, however, for the maximum to be reached closer to the limb when determined from two vantage points. We note that due to the preliminary nature of this study, these results must be taken with caution.

Conclusions. Our analysis shows that studies involving two viewpoints can significantly improve the detection of faculae near the solar limb and the determination of their brightness contrast relative to the quiet Sun.
Application Progress of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Transportation Field
Authors: Chen Zihao
Published: September 2023

In recent years, China's environmental pollution problem has become increasingly serious, and pollutants produced by traditional fossil fuels have seriously affected China's air quality. China urgently needs to find clean energy that can replace traditional energy. As a consequence, there is now a lot of impetus thanks to the development of hydrogen energy. The development of hydrogen fuel cell automobiles has recently been one of the most popular topics of discussion in modern culture. The cost of hydrogen production and the penetration rate of hydrogen filling stations, which are now the most difficult problems to address, are still obstacles to the broad marketing of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The development of hydrogen fuel cells in the sector of transportation is the topic of this research. By analyzing the current existing energy consumption problems and environmental pollution problems, the paper provides insights into the development status of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the advantages of hydrogen energy compared to other energy media. Extensive research has revealed that while hydrogen fuel cells have been implemented and utilized in various transportation applications, their widespread adoption has not yet been achieved. Several challenges, including technical limitations, high costs, and refueling convenience, have emerged as key constraints impeding the advancement of hydrogen fuel cell technology in the transportation sector. It is believed that with the development and progress of technology and the support of national policies, China's hydrogen fuel cell technology will be vigorously developed in the field of transportation.
Research on the Norilsk Nickel under climate change-based onthe Fama-French model
Authors: Heng Yi
Published: September 2023

Global warming is becoming more serious, and climate change around the world poses enormous challenges and opportunities for economic activity in all fields. The risk of climate change has become a common risk faced by many companies around the world. Then this paper selected three different companies in the mining industry. They are Anglo American plc, BHP Group Limited and Norilsk Nickel gave a basic introduction to the company and counted their financial situation. Then this article collects the five-year monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average tem-perature in the Arctic to directly show the direct and significant impact of global warming on the earth. Among them, a company in Russia was selected for Fama-French model analysis, and the linear regression results were ob-tained. It can be seen that climate change has different degrees of impact on MKT, SMB and HML. Among them, MKT (market risk premium) has the greatest impact on it, indicating that the company's own business is relatively stable, and the price is not significantly affected by its own fluctuations, but is greatly affected by the market and industry.
A Comparative Study of Carbon Pricing Policies in China and the Scandinavian Countries: Lessons for Effective Climate Change Mitigation with a Focus on Sweden
Authors: Ma Wanli
Published: September 2023

Under the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees by 2100, nations are taking steps to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon pricing is a popular policy instrument to mitigate carbon emissions. This paper presents a comparative analysis of carbon pricing policies in China and Scandinavian countries (Norway, Denmark, and Sweden), focusing on their impacts on the transportation, industrial, and building sectors. The study highlights that both regions have successfully implemented carbon pricing policies, combining carbon taxes with emissions trading systems, resulting in significant emissions reductions and decoupling of economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions. In the transportation sector, carbon pricing policies have driven the adoption of electric vehicles and cleaner fuels. In the industrial sector, these policies have led to investments in energy efficiency, fuel switching, and low-carbon technologies. In the building sector, carbon pricing has encouraged energy efficiency improvements and the adoption of low-carbon heating technologies. The paper underscores the importance of integrating carbon pricing policies with other energy and environmental policies, fostering public engagement, and designing robust monitoring, reporting, and verification systems to ensure their effectiveness in promoting low-carbon development.
The Influence of ESG Performance of Companies on Stock Excess Returns: A Case Study of Mining Companies in the U.S. Stock Market
Authors: Jin Yaxuan
Published: September 2023

The evaluation of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance has become increasingly important for companies to ensure their long-term sustainability and stability and for investors in assessing the financial performance and long-term prospects of companies. This paper selects 91 mining companies listed on the U.S. stock market from 2013 to 2022 and investigates the relationship between their ESG performance and stock excess returns. To contain more companies and to make the results more accurate, this paper classifies these companies into 12 groups according to their ESG scores from Bloomberg ESG database and uses them to construct four different investment portfolios. The relationship between ESG and excess return is further explored using descriptive statistics, regression analysis based on Fama-French three-factor model. The results show that the excess return on stocks varies widely between the best ESG performance companies and the worst performance ones, which could be explained by Market Risk Premium factor and Size factor in FF3 model. This paper provides valuable insights for investors and mining companies, demonstrating the importance of ESG factors when evaluating a company's long-term prospects and financial performance.
Combined morphologic-metabolic biomarkers from [18F]FDG-PET/CT stratify prognostic groups in low-risk NSCLC
Authors: Deininger Katharina , Raacke Joel Niclas , Yousefzadeh-Nowshahr Elham , Kropf-Sanchen Cornelia , Muehling Bernd , Beer Meinrad , Glatting Gerhard , Beer Ambros J. , Thaiss Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

Aim The aim of this study was to derive prognostic parameters from 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) in patients with low-risk NSCLC and determine their prognostic value.

Methods 81 (21 female, mean age 66 a) therapy-naive patients that underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT before histologic confirmation of NSCLC with stadium I and II between 2008–2016 were included. A mean follow-up time of 58 months (13–176), overall and progression free survival (OS, PFS) were registered. A volume of interest for the primary tumor was defined on PET and CT images. Parameters SUVmax, PET-solidity, PET-circularity, and CT-volume were analyzed. To evaluate the prognostic value of each parameter for OS, a minimum p-value approach was used to define cutoff values, survival analysis, and log-rank tests were performed, including subgroup analysis for combinations of parameters.

Results Mean OS was 58±28 months. Poor OS was associated with a tumor CT-volume >14.3 cm3 (p=0.02, HR=7.0, CI 2.7–17.7), higher SUVmax values >12.2 (p=0.003; HR=3.0, CI 1.3–6.7) and PET-solidity >0.919 (p=0.004; HR=3.0, CI 1.0–8.9). Combined parameter analysis revealed worse prognosis in larger volume/high SUVmax tumors compared to larger volume/lower SUVmax (p=0.028; HR=2.5, CI 1.1–5.5), high PET-solidity/low volume (p=0.01; HR=2.4, CI 0.8–6.6) and low SUVmax/high PET-solidity (p=0.02, HR=4.0, CI 0.8–19.0).

Conclusion Even in this group of low-risk NSCLC patients, we identified a subgroup with a significantly worse prognosis by combining morphologic-metabolic biomarkers from [18F]FDG-PET/CT. The combination of SUVmax and CT-volume performed best. Based on these preliminary data, future prospective studies to validate this combined morphologic-metabolic imaging biomarker for potential therapeutic decisions seem promising.
Speech-in-Noise Testing: An Introduction for Audiologists
Authors: Billings Curtis J. , Olsen Tessa M. , Charney Lauren , Madsen Brandon M. , Holmes Corrie E.
Published: September 2023

Speech-in-noise testing has been proposed as a useful part of the audiometric test battery dating back to the earliest years of the field of audiology. Many speech-in-noise tests have been developed and used to varying degrees. However, multiple barriers have prevented speech-in-noise testing from being used widely in the clinic. The purpose of this article is to provide a resource to audiologists and other hearing health professionals who want to know (1) what tests are available for use, (2) the rationale behind specific tests, and (3) important considerations when selecting one or more tests to use clinically. In addition, data are presented for four speech-in-noise tests with the purpose of comparing outcomes as a function of age and hearing status. The four tests (QuickSIN, Words in Noise [WIN], Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences [LiSN-S], and Coordinate Response Measure [CRM]) were completed by 30 individuals from three groups: 10 young adults with normal hearing, 10 older adults with normal hearing, and 10 older adults with hearing loss. The results suggest that, despite significant differences in performance between groups, group overlap was present such that some individuals from one group performed similar to some individuals of other groups; therefore, individual performance was more important than associated group. When selecting an appropriate speech-in-noise test to use clinically, audiologists should carefully consider the purpose of their testing and the type of information they desire as an outcome. A quick-resource table and appendix is provided to aid audiologists and other health professionals in their selection of an appropriate speech-in-noise test.
Holmium-166 Radioembolization of Hepatic Metastases in Salvage Setting: Preliminary Findings from a Single Center Experience
Authors: Dökdök Murat , Berberoğlu Kezban
Published: September 2023

Purpose The aim of this study is to report the early outcomes of holmium-166 (166Ho) radioembolization in the treatment of liver metastases.

Methods Nine patients with liver metastases originating from different primary sites were treated with 166Ho radioembolization between January 2019 and February 2020. The patients were assessed for pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) and quality of life (QoL) at various intervals during hospitalization and follow-up. Toxicity that may be attributable to radioembolization was graded according to CTCAE v5.0. The tumor dosimetry and tumor response were assessed with anatomic and metabolic imaging.

Results The mean tumor dose was 150 Gy, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 135.2 to 164.8, with a range of 100 to 200 Gy based on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT, and distribution verified with inline T2/R2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) maps. No early (30-day) mortality or grade greater than 2 toxicities were noted, but one patient had chylous ascites. QoL assessed with the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 3-Level version (EQ-5D-3L) revealed mean index scores of 0.748 (range: 0.5–1), 95% CI of 0.6 to 0.9, before the procedure, and 0.7 (range: 0.5–1) and 95% CI of 0.6 to 0.8, at 1 month. The mean VAS was 70.6, 95% CI was 65.5 to 75.6, immediately after the procedure, and decreased to the mean VAS of 65.7 and 95% CI of 55.9 to 75.5 after 1 month. Five patients showed a partial response, three showed a stable disease, and one showed progressive disease at the first 2- to 3-month imaging follow-up.

Conclusion Radioembolization with 166Ho microspheres for liver metastases appears to be safe, tolerable, and effective during the short term in this small-scale study.
Photochemical Tissue Bonding of Amnion Allograft Membranes for Peripheral Nerve Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: King Nicholas C. , McGuire Kalyn R. , Bejar-Chapa Maria , Hoftiezer Yannick A. J. , Randolph Mark A. , Winograd Jonathan M.
Published: September 2023

Background Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is a technique for peripheral nerve repair in which a collagenous membrane is bonded around approximated nerve ends. Studies using PTB with cryopreserved human amnion have shown promising results in a rat sciatic nerve transection model including a more rapid and complete return of function, larger axon size, and thicker myelination than suture repair. Commercial collagen membranes, such as dehydrated amnion allograft, are readily available, offer ease of storage, and have no risk of disease transmission or tissue rejection. However, the biomechanical properties of these membranes using PTB are currently unknown in comparison to PTB of cryopreserved human amnion and suture neurorrhaphy.

Methods Rat sciatic nerves (n = 10 per group) were transected and repaired using either suture neurorrhaphy or PTB with one of the following membranes: cryopreserved human amnion, monolayer human amnion allograft (crosslinked and noncrosslinked), trilayer human amnion/chorion allograft (crosslinked and noncrosslinked), or swine submucosa. Repaired nerves were subjected to mechanical testing.

Results During ultimate stress testing, the repair groups that withstood the greatest strain increases were suture neurorrhaphy (69 ± 14%), PTB with crosslinked trilayer amnion (52 ± 10%), and PTB with cryopreserved human amnion (46 ± 20%), although the differences between these groups were not statistically significant. Neurorrhaphy repairs had a maximum load (0.98 ± 0.30 N) significantly greater than all other repair groups except for noncrosslinked trilayer amnion (0.51 ± 0.27 N). During fatigue testing, all samples repaired with suture, or PTBs with either crosslinked or noncrosslinked trilayer amnion were able to withstand strain increases of at least 50%.

Conclusion PTB repairs with commercial noncrosslinked amnion allograft membranes can withstand physiological strain and have comparable performance to repairs with human amnion, which has demonstrated efficacy in vivo. These results indicate the need for further testing of these membranes using in vivo animal model repairs.
The Role of Neuroglobin in the Sleep-Wake Cycle
Authors: García-García Fabio , Acosta-Hernández Mario Eduardo , Beltrán-Parrazal Luis , Rodríguez-Alba Juan Carlos
Published: September 2023

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a protein expressed in the central and peripherical nervous systems of the vertebrate. The Ngb has different functions in neurons, including regulating O2 homeostasis, oxidative stress, and as a neuroprotector after ischemia/hypoxia events. The Ngb is a hemoprotein of the globin family, structurally like myoglobin and hemoglobin. Ngb has higher expression in the cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum in mammals. Interestingly, Ngb immunoreactivity oscillates according to the sleep-wake cycle and decreases after 24 hours of sleep deprivation, suggesting that sleep homeostasis regulates Ngb expression. In addition, Ngb expresses in brain areas related to REM sleep regulation. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the potential role of the Ngb in the sleep-wake regulation of mammals.
Association Involving Possible Sleep Bruxism, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms in Brazilian University Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Costa Francine dos Santos , Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , Silva-Junior Ivan Freire da , Karam Sarah Arangurem , Chisini Luiz Alexandre , Goettems Marília Leão
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present study was to examine the association regarding sleep bruxism (SB), depression, and stress in Brazilian university students. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a large-sample of university students (n = 2,089) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to classrooms to evaluate socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Possible SB was detected by self-report according to the International Consensus on The Assessment of Bruxism Criteria (2018). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess depression and stress symptoms respectively. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of possible SB, high level of stress, and depressive symptoms in the sample were of 20.4%, 16.6%, and 16.6% respectively. Stress in female students was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of possible SB, but not in male students. Regarding depression, the prevalence of SB was 28% higher in students with depressive symptoms. Students with stress or depression had a 35% higher prevalence of SB than those without any symptoms.

Conclusion The findings have shown that university students with stress and depressive symptoms were more likely to be detected with possible SB.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment with Oral Appliance in a Myotonic Dystrophy Type I Subject: A Case Report
Authors: Guimarães Maria de Lourdes Rabelo , Ribeiro Milena Carvalho Tourino , Barbosa Thiago Antunes da Silva , Costa Laila Gabriela de Figueiredo , Bastos Patricia Souza
Published: September 2023

Objective to report a myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1) subject with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated with oral appliance.

Methods A review of individual's history and records, associated with a photographic register of all diagnostic methods and literature research about the topic were done.

Final Statements This case depicts the therapeutical choices disposable to treat subjects with obstructive sleep apnea and DM1. Although considered an uncommon treatment, the oral appliances, if well indicated in adequately selected cases, can satisfactorily improve respiratory parameters, symptoms and quality of life.
Impact on Neonatal Outcomes with Late Preterm and Early Term Delivery in Women with Diabetes
Authors: Austin Brittany A. , McFarling Kelli M. , Likins Benjamin , Chapman Alison , Cuff Ryan D. , Head Barbara , Finneran Matthew M.
Published: September 2023

Objective Late preterm and early term deliveries are common in pregnancies complicated by diabetes due to higher rates of obstetric complications including increased stillbirth risk. However, early delivery is associated with multiple neonatal adverse outcomes, which may be further increased by maternal diabetes. We examined whether there is an additive effect on adverse neonatal outcomes in the setting of maternal diabetes in the late preterm and early term periods.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a singleton, nonanomalous pregnancy delivering at a single academic medical center in the late preterm (340/7–366/7 weeks) or early term (370/7–386/7 weeks) period between 2010 and 2019. Women were categorized by diabetes status: no diabetes, type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM), or gestational diabetes (GDM). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of both mild and severe composite neonatal outcome with delivery in the late preterm or early term period using pregnancies without diabetes as the referent.

Results A total of 8,072 pregnancies were included with T1DM, T2DM, and GDM complicating 1.8, 5.6, and 9.9% of pregnancies, respectively. Expected demographic differences were seen among groups including higher rates of non-Hispanic Black race, chronic hypertension, and higher body mass index in women with T2DM. The probability of severe composite adverse neonatal outcome was significantly increased in women with T1DM in the late preterm (aOR: 4.4; CI: 2.4–8.1) and early term (aOR: 1.6; CI: 1.1–2.3) periods, largely driven by the need for mechanical ventilation. The mild composite outcome was increased among all women with diabetes with early term delivery but highest in women with T1DM.

Conclusion Pregnancies complicated by diabetes, particularly T1DM, have higher rates of neonatal adverse outcomes independent of gestational age at delivery, which is an important consideration when late preterm or early term delivery is planned.

Key Points