bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of citric acid and ascorbyl palmitate in palm oil enriched with heme iron: A model for iron fortification in bakery products
Authors: Alemán Mercedes , Bou Ricard , Tres Alba , Polo Javier , Codony Rafael , Guardiola Francesc
Published: December 2013

Iron fortification in food products is a common strategy used to prevent iron deficiency. This is important because a large proportion of the population, mainly young children and women (of childbearing age) are at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. Certain baked goods (biscuits, cookies) are regularly consumed by children making their iron fortification an effective strategy to prevent this deficiency. Although heme iron has high bioavailability it promotes oxidation, as other iron forms. In the present study, a model consisting of a refined palm oil, enriched with heme iron, was used to optimize the dose of ascorbyl palmitate (0, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and citric acid (0, 250, or 500 mg/kg) to prevent oxidation in baked products. Both antioxidants were combined using a factorial design. Iron enriched samples were heated at 220°C for 10 min to mimic typical baking conditions. Primary (peroxide value and lipid hydroperoxide content) and secondary (p‐anisidine value and hexanal content) oxidation were measured over 1 year of storage at room temperature in the darkness. Results of primary and secondary oxidation indicated that ascorbyl palmitate delays oxidation during storage. Conversely, citric acid acted as prooxidant and no synergistic effect between the two antioxidants was observed.

Practical applications: The fortification of food with iron represents a potentially effective strategy to overcome iron deficiency. A heme iron ingredient was used in this study because it has higher bioavailability than that of inorganic iron. As heme iron is a dark ingredient it could be disguised in baked products that contain chocolate. The heme iron ingredient was mixed with palm oil, which is a fat widely used in bakery. Nevertheless, as with inorganic iron, heme iron induces oxidation, and affects nutritional value, organoleptic properties and the shelf‐life of fortified foods. This study demonstrates that ascorbyl palmitate could be useful to prevent such undesired changes in iron fortified baked products.
Oxidative potential of ultraviolet-A irradiated or nonirradiated suspensions of titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide nanoparticles on Allium cepa roots
Authors: Koce Jasna Dolenc , Drobne Damjana , Klančnik Katja , Makovec Darko , Novak Sara , Hočevar Matej
Published: December 2013

The effect of ultraviolet-A irradiated or nonirradiated suspensions of agglomerates of titanium dioxide (TiO2) or silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles on roots of the onion (Allium cepa) has been studied. The reactive potential of TiO2 nanoparticles, which have photocatalytic potential, and the nonphotocatalytic SiO2 nanoparticles with the same size of agglomerates was compared. The authors measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase as well as lipid peroxidation to assess the oxidative stress in exposed A. cepa roots. A wide range of concentrations of nanoparticles was tested (0.1–1000 µg/mL). The sizes of agglomerates ranged in both cases from 300 nm to 600 nm, and the exposure time was 24 h. Adsorption of SiO2 nanoparticles on the root surface was minimal but became significant when roots were exposed to TiO2 agglomerates. No significant biological effects were observed even at high exposure concentrations of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles individually. Plants appear to be protected against nanoparticles by the cell wall, which shields the cell membrane from direct contact with the nanoparticles. The authors discuss the need to supplement conventional phytotoxicity and stress end points with measures of plant physiological state when evaluating the safety of nanoparticles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:858–867. © 2013 SETAC
An inter-laboratory study on the variability in measured concentrations of 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone in white sucker: Implications and recommendations
Authors: Feswick April , Ankley Gerald T. , Denslow Nancy , Ellestad Laura E. , Fuzzen Meghan , Jensen Kathleen M. , Kroll Kevin , Lister Andrea , MacLatchy Deborah L. , McMaster Mark E. , Orlando Edward F. , Servos Mark R. , Tetreault Gerald R. , Van Den Heuvel Michael R. , Munkittrick Kelly R.
Published: December 2013

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are exogenous substances that can impact the reproduction of fish, potentially by altering circulating concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). Common methods to measure steroids in plasma samples include radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs). The present study examines variability in E2, T, and 11-KT across 8 laboratories measuring reference and pulp mill effluent-exposed white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) plasma. We examine the contribution of assay type (RIA vs ELISA), standardized hormone extraction, location of values on the standard curve (upper and lower limits), and other variables on the ability to distinguish hormone levels between reference and exposed fish and the impact of these variables on quantitation of hormones in different laboratories. Of the 8 participating laboratories, 7 of 8 and 7 of 7 identified differences between sites for female E2 and female T, respectively, and 7 of 7 and 4 of 5 identified no differences between male T and male 11-KT. Notably, however, the ng/mL concentration of steroids measured across laboratories varied by factors of 10-, 6-, 14-, and 10-fold, respectively. Within laboratory intra-assay variability was generally acceptable and below 15%. Factors contributing to interlaboratory variability included calculation errors, assay type, and methodology. Based on the interlaboratory variability detected, we provide guidelines and recommendations to improve the accuracy and precision of steroid measurements in fish ecotoxicology studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:847–857. © 2013 SETAC
Effect of perioperative proton pump inhibitors on the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stephenson Kate A. , Fagan Johannes J.
Published: December 2013

Background

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a common complication of total laryngectomy. We hypothesized that perioperative proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment could reduce the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistulae.

Methods

This prospective placebo‐controlled double‐blind randomized controlled trial compared PPI treatment (14 days enteral omeprazole) with a placebo in patients undergoing primary total laryngectomy.

Results

Forty patients were randomized into PPI (n = 21) and placebo arms (n = 19). One of 21 patients receiving omeprazole developed a fistula in comparison to 6 of 19 patients in the placebo group (p = .04). No other statistically significant risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula were identified. The mean hospital stay of patients with and without a fistula was 32 and 7.5 days, respectively.

Conclusion

Pharyngocutaneous fistulae result in prolonged hospitalization and morbidity. We observed a statistically significant reduction in fistulae with PPI prophylaxis. Further research to better define the role of reflux and antacid management is suggested. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 255‐259, 2015
Molecular mechanisms of paralogous compensation and the robustness of cellular networks
Authors: Diss Guillaume , Ascencio Diana , DeLuna Alexander , Landry Christian R.
Published: December 2013

Robustness is the ability of a system to maintain its function despite environmental or genetic perturbation. Genetic robustness is a key emerging property of living systems and is achieved notably by the presence of partially redundant parts that result from gene duplication. Functional overlap between paralogs allows them to compensate for each other's loss, as commonly revealed by aggravating genetic interactions. However, the molecular mechanisms linking the genotype (loss of function of a gene) to the phenotype (genetic buffering by a paralog) are still poorly understood and the molecular aspects of this compensation are rarely addressed in studies of gene duplicates. Here, we review molecular mechanisms of functional compensation between paralogous genes, many of which from studies that were not meant to study this phenomenon. We propose a standardized terminology and, depending on whether or not the molecular behavior of the intact gene is modified in response to the deletion of its paralog, we classify mechanisms of compensation into passive and active events. We further describe three non‐exclusive mechanisms of active paralogous compensation for which there is evidence in the literature: changes in abundance, in localization, and in protein interactions. This review will serve as a framework for the genetic and molecular analysis of paralogous compensation, one of the universal features of genetic systems. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 488–499, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolated limb infusion: Technical aspects
Authors: Kroon Hidde M. , Huismans Annemarleen , Waugh Richard C. , Kam Peter C.A. , Thompson John F.
Published: December 2013

Objective

To describe the technique of isolated limb infusion (ILI) for regional high dose chemotherapy in patients with advanced malignancies confined to a limb, as currently practiced at Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA).

Background

ILI is progressively being used around the world but to date the reported response rates are generally lower than those reported by MIA.

Discussion

This description of the ILI protocol at MIA provides details that may allow other surgeons to improve results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:352–356. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation‐based otorhinolaryngology emergencies boot camp: Part 2: Special skills using task trainers
Authors: Malekzadeh Sonya , Deutsch Ellen S. , Malloy Kelly M.
Published: December 2013

Laryngoscope, 124:1566–1569, 2014
A dual polarization, broadband, millimeter‐wave reflectarray using modified cross loop element
Authors: Wang Quan , Shao Zhenhai , Li PengKai , Li Long , Cheng YuJian
Published: December 2013

A Ka‐band reflectarray consisting of modified cross loop is investigated in this article for millimeter‐wave broadband dual‐polarization applications. It consists of 40 × 40 unit cells that covered an area of 200 × 200 mm2 and a multimode conical horn antenna which is connected to an orthomode transducer as the offset feed. Its unit cell is composed of a solid cross inside and a cross loop outside, which can lead to nearly 550° linear phase shift curve by varying its length. After this proposed structure has been analyzed and compared with the traditional wideband element (i.e., double cross loop), it is used in the reflectarray. An equivalent circuit model with an insightful field distribution is used to analyze their different behaviors when it resonated at the same operating frequency. For vertical and horizontal polarization modes, the peak gain are measured to be 34.3 and 33.5 dB, the aperture efficiency are 48.6% and 40.4% at the center frequency of 32 GHz, respectively. The 1.5 dB gain bandwidth are close to 18% and 15%, which is better than conventional millimeter‐wave single‐layer ones. This new reflectarray antenna is especially useful for millimeter‐wave broadband dual‐polarization applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:287–293, 2014
Tolpa for mm‐wave: A wideband low profile, omnidirectional vertically polarized antenna
Authors: Zürcher Jean‐Francois
Published: December 2013

In an article (Zürcher, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55 (2013), 516–521) published in 2013, a new antenna called tripod omnidirectional low profile Antenna has been presented. It is vertically polarized and has a radiation pattern similar to the classical monopole on a ground plane, with numerous potential applications for mobile communications, UWB, and others. The present article describes a scaled version of this antenna designed to work at mm‐wave frequencies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:310–313, 2014
Compact equilateral triangular patch antenna with slot loading
Authors: Dasgupta Sanghamitra , Gupta Bhaskar , Saha Hiranmoy
Published: December 2013

This article presents a comparative study on the effects of different slot shapes on the size reduction of a microstrip patch antenna. The antenna investigated consists of a triangular shaped patch using air as substrate which is primarily used for cost effectiveness and ease of fabrication. At first, the effect of slot loading on the patch antenna for compactness is investigated using circular slots and then triangular, rectangular, star shaped, and folded rectangular slots are introduced on the microstrip patch and their effects are studied too. The simulated and measured results show that the size reduction is achieved by 18.86, 27.35, 27.77, 29.8, and 43.47%, respectively, for these cases compared to a conventional triangular patch antenna operating at the same center frequency. It is worth mentioning that this communication presents maximum reduction in size reported so far for equilateral triangular patch antennas, apart from overcoming some significant drawbacks of other compact equilateral triangular patch antennas reported earlier in literature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:268–274, 2014
Design of a dual‐band GPS antenna using a coupled feeding structure for high isolation in a small array
Authors: Byun Gangil , Kim Sunwoo , Choo Hosung
Published: December 2013

This article proposes a novel feeding mechanism to improve the isolation characteristics in the GPS L1 and L2 bands for electromagnetically small arrays (aperture diameter < λ). In the mechanism, a feeding patch is sandwiched between two radiating patches and excited by two pins with a 90° phase difference. To improve the isolation, ceramic with a high dielectric constant is used as the antenna substrate, and then four identical antennas are mounted on the ground platform. The results prove that the proposed design approach can achieve high isolation in the arrays. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:359–362, 2014
Circularly polarized CPW‐fed monopole antenna with loaded cross patch for WLAN/HiperLAN applications
Authors: Pouyanfar Negin , Azarmanesh Mohammad Naghi
Published: December 2013

Design and implementation of a circularly polarized (CP) coplanar (CPW) fed monopole antenna loaded with parasitic cross‐shaped patch is presented in this article. The proposed single layer antenna composed of a C‐shaped radiator and square ground plane loaded with a cross‐shaped parasitic patch, which is capable of generating a resonant mode for exciting two orthogonal electric fields with the same amplitudes and consequently circular polarization. Compared to the conventional CP antennas which usually are using square slot configuration, the presented antenna has a very simple structure and broad axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The designed CP monopole antenna has a very compact size of 0.4 λ × 0.4 λ × 0.015 λ (λ is the wavelength of the first resonance frequency) and provides fractional bandwidth of 65.5% (3.75–7.4 GHz) for VSWR<2 and exhibiting a 48.5% (3.78–6.15 GHz) circular polarization (CP) bandwidth. Throughout this article, the improvement process of the AR and |S11| properties are presented and discussed in detail. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:343–347, 2014
Miniaturized waveguide filter with improved stop‐band response
Authors: Rezaiesarlak Reza , Loghmannia Pedram , Salehi Mohsen
Published: December 2013

In this article, a simple‐to‐design technique is presented to improve the out of band response as well as miniaturize the overall size of the waveguide filters. By appropriate coupling of capacitively loaded cavities resonating at the same fundamental frequency with different higher resonant modes, the out of band response of the filter is considerably improved. A third‐order filter is designed, simulated, and fabricated. The response of the proposed filter is compared with one from conventional third‐order inductive post filter. Good agreement between simulated and measured responses confirms the validity and accuracy of the design. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:512–515, 2014
Miniaturized reconfigurable band‐pass filter with electronically controllable for WiMAX/WLAN applications
Authors: Mazloum Jalil , Jalali Ali , Ojaroudi Mohammad
Published: December 2013

A novel reconfigurable band‐pass filter for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)/wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented. By using an H‐shaped strip with a pair of C‐shaped slots in the band‐pass filter two new resonances can be achieved. The proposed band‐pass filter has three different switchable states: 2.25–10.72 GHz in WLAN mode, 3.34–3.71 GHz in WiMAX mode, and 1.65–1.89 GHz in narrowband mode. The band‐pass filter which uses a switchable slotted structure for reconfigurability has a simple structure and smallest size in comparison to band‐pass filters reported in literature (Kikkert, TENCON 2005 IEEE region 10, 2005, Fan et al., Prog Electromagn Res 75 (2007), 285–293, Wang et al., Prog Electromagn Res 77 (2007), 67–73, Ojaroudi et al., Advanced electromagnetics symposium, 2012, Zhao et al., Prog Electromagn Res B 3 (2008), 131–141). Also the proposed filter has a major advantage in providing tighter capacitive coupling to the line in comparison to known radiating strip. To generate DC isolation in the RF path, we use a pair of gap distances in the microstrip loop. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this band‐pass filter show that the proposed band‐pass filter has a good return and insertion loss within the WiMAX/WLAN frequency range. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:509–512, 2014
Simple, convenient, and nondestructive electromagnetic characterization technique for composite and multiscale hybrid samples at microwave frequencies
Authors: Molenberg Isabel , Bernal Maria M. , Bollen Pierre , Spote David , Verdejo Raquel , Pardoen Thomas , Bailly Christian , Huynen Isabelle
Published: December 2013

A new method is presented to characterize absorbing materials, based on a classical Line‐Line method but more nondestructive and more convenient. This modified Line‐Line technique is used to characterize polymer/carbon nanotubes composite foams. The advantages and limitations of this technique are highlighted and compared to those of the standard method. An advantageous use of the modified Line‐Line method in the particular case of multiscale hybrid materials is also presented and discussed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:504–509, 2014
UWB bandpass filter using dual stepped impedance stub loaded resonators
Authors: Oh Sangyeol , Shin Beomsoo , Jeong Jichai , Kim Young‐Sik , Lee Jaehoon
Published: December 2013

In this article, a new ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter is proposed, with dual stepped‐impedance stub‐loaded resonators (SISLRs). As the proposed filter can provide the better in‐band performance due to the dual SISLRs, it was possible to design this UWB filter without apertures in the ground plane. The passband performance of the proposed filter is superior to that of the conventional filter based on a single SISLR with aperture‐backed interdigital coupled‐lines, while the resonant frequencies and sharp rejection skirt characteristics of the conventional filter are retained without apertures in the ground plane. The performance of the new filter was confirmed by simulation with a full‐wave electromagnetic simulator and by actual implementation and measurement. The passband of the implemented filter covers the range of 3.24∼11.03 GHz. The group delay is less than 0.5 ns and flat in the passband, and sharp attenuations appear near the passband. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:448–450, 2014
Biconical UWB antenna for high‐rate communication network
Authors: Chreim Hassan , Kanso Ahmad , Arnaud Eric , Menudier Cyrille , Monēdiēre Thierry
Published: December 2013

This article describes the design of an ultrawide band (UWB) biconical antenna operating in the 400–3000 MHz frequency band. The antenna will be used for high‐rate communication applications. The method for designing an UWB biconical antenna will be given. As the antenna must operate starting from 400 MHz, the size of the designed antenna will exceed the dimensions constraints, required in the specifications. Thus, the antenna edges are curved, which allows us to decreasing its dimensions while keeping the same performances. Finally, a prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured, and the measured results are compared to the simulated ones. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:404–408, 2014
A new type of Robust broadband GaN HEMT‐based high power high‐pass/low‐pass 22.5° phase shifter
Authors: Hettak Khelifa , Ross Tyler N. , Cormier Gabriel , Wight Jim S.
Published: December 2013

This article proposes a new type of GaN HEMT‐based high power phase shifter operating at X‐band. The design includes a 22.5° phase shift network and a high power SPDT switch. The design and resulting performance are discussed in detail and are confirmed by experimental and simulation results, which are in good agreement up to 20 GHz. The one bit phase shifter exhibits good phase performance, insertion loss, and return loss. The proposed phase shifter MMIC has been successfully demonstrated using a 0.5 μm gate GaN HEMT process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:347–350, 2014
Three‐dimensional dynamic contrast enhanced imaging of the carotid artery with direct arterial input function measurement
Authors: Mendes Jason , Parker Dennis L. , McNally Scott , DiBella Ed , Bolster Bradley D. , Treiman Gerald S.
Published: December 2013

Purpose

Kinetic analysis using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI to assess neovascularization of carotid plaque requires images with high spatial and temporal resolution. This work demonstrates a new three‐dimensional (3D) dynamic contrast enhanced imaging sequence, which directly measures the arterial input function with high temporal resolution yet maintains the high spatial resolution required to identify areas of increased adventitial neovascularity.

Theory and Methods

The sequence consists of multiple rapid acquisitions of a saturation prepared dynamic 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence temporally interleaved with multiple acquisitions of a 2D slice. The saturation recovery time was adjusted to maintain signal linearity with the very different contrast agent concentrations in the 2D slice and 3D volume. The Ktrans maps were obtained from the 3D dynamic contrast measurements while the 2D slice was used to obtain the arterial input function. Calibration and dynamic studies are presented.

Results

For contrast agent concentrations up to 5 mM, a saturation recovery time for the 2D slice of 20 ms resulted in less than a 10% deviation from the desired linear response of signal intensity with contrast agent concentration. The corresponding saturation recovery time of 83 ms for the 3D volume maintained less than a 10% deviation from the linear response up to contrast agent concentrations of 2 mM while a contrast agent concentration of 5 mM had almost a 30% deviation. There was a significant improvement in signal attenuation (9 ± 3% versus 23 ± 5% at 40 cm/s) when flow compensation was added to the slice select gradients. For patient studies, volume transfer and plasma fraction maps were calculated with data from the proposed sequence.

Conclusion

This work demonstrated a novel sequence for 3D dynamic contrast enhanced imaging with a simultaneously acquired 2D slice that directly measures the arterial input function with high temporal resolution. Acquisition parameters can be adjusted to accommodate the full range of contrast agent concentration values to be encountered and the kinetic parameters obtained were consistent with expected values. Magn Reson Med 72:816–822, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superconvergence of the local discontinuous galerkin method applied to the one‐dimensional second‐order wave equation
Authors: Baccouch Mahboub
Published: December 2013

We analyze the superconvergence properties of the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method applied to the second‐order wave equation in one space dimension. With a suitable projection of the initial conditions for the LDG scheme, we prove that the LDG solution and its spatial derivative are super close to particular projections of the exact solutions for pth‐degree polynomial spaces. We use these results to show that the significant parts of the discretization errors for the LDG solution and its derivative are proportional to ‐degree right and left Radau polynomials, respectively. These results allow us to prove that the p‐degree LDG solution and its derivative are superconvergent at the roots of ‐degree right and left Radau polynomials, respectively, while computational results show higher convergence rate. Superconvergence results can be used to construct asymptotically correct a posteriori error estimates by solving a local steady problem on each element. This will be discussed further in Part II of this work, where we will prove that the a posteriori LDG error estimates for the solution and its derivative converge to the true spatial errors in the L
2‐norm under mesh refinement. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 862–901, 2014
A note on why enforcing discrete maximum principles by a simple a posteriori cutoff is a good idea
Authors: Kreuzer Christian
Published: December 2013

Discrete maximum principles in the approximation of partial differential equations are crucial for the preservation of qualitative properties of physical models. In this work, we enforce the discrete maximum principle by performing a simple cutoff. We show that for many problems this a posteriori procedure even improves the approximation in the natural energy norm. The results apply to many different kinds of approximations including conforming higher‐order and hp‐finite elements. Moreover, in the case of finite element approximations, there is no geometrical restriction on the partition of the domain. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 994–1002, 2014
Pain management at home in children with cancer: A daily diary study
Authors: Fortier Michelle A. , Wahi Aditi , Bruce Colette , Maurer Eva L. , Stevenson Robert
Published: December 2013

Background

With the transition of care of cancer patients from the hospital to the home setting, parents are largely responsible for children's pain management. Children's cancer pain is undermanaged, yet, there is little empirical data on the occurrence and management of cancer pain in the home setting. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to employ a daily diary protocol to examine barriers to pain management of children's cancer pain by parents at home.

Procedure

Parent–child dyads were recruited from the Cancer Institute at a major children's hospital in Southern California. A total of 45 patient/parent pairs completed baseline data on demographic and personality characteristics, children's quality of life, and parental beliefs regarding analgesic use for children and then completed daily diaries of pain and analgesic administration for 14 consecutive days.

Results

Most children were reported to experience chronic pain while undergoing treatment for cancer, yet overall analgesic administration at home was low. Parents who reported misconceptions regarding analgesic use for children were less likely to administer pain medication to children. Children who were less shy, more social, or had lower quality of life were more likely to receive analgesics.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of children receiving outpatient treatment for cancer were rated as experiencing chronic pain and pain was not optimally managed in the home setting. Further understanding and addressing barriers to children's cancer pain management in the home setting will aid in alleviating unnecessary pain in this vulnerable patient population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1029–1033. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Top‐down mass spectrometry imaging of intact proteins by laser ablation ESI FT‐ICR MS
Authors: Kiss András , Smith Donald F. , Reschke Brent R. , Powell Matthew J. , Heeren Ron M. A.
Published: December 2013

Laser ablation ESI (LAESI) is a recent development in MS imaging. It has been shown that lipids and small metabolites can be imaged in various samples such as plant material, tissue sections or bacterial colonies without any sample pretreatment. Further, LAESI has been shown to produce multiply charged protein ions from liquids or solid surfaces. This presents a means to address one of the biggest challenges in MS imaging; the identification of proteins directly from biological tissue surfaces. Such identification is hindered by the lack of multiply charged proteins in common MALDI ion sources and the difficulty of performing tandem MS on such large, singly charged ions. We present here top‐down identification of intact proteins from tissue with a LAESI ion source combined with a hybrid ion‐trap FT‐ICR mass spectrometer. The performance of the system was first tested with a standard protein with electron capture dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation fragmentation to prove the viability of LAESI FT‐ICR for top‐down proteomics. Finally, the imaging of a tissue section was performed, where a number of intact proteins were measured and the hemoglobin α chain was identified directly from tissue using CID and infrared multiphoton dissociation fragmentation.
Harmoniously Investigating Concrete Structures
Authors: Effingham Nikk ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2013

Traynor identifies a tension between armchair reasoning telling us about the mereological structure of objects and empirical investigation telling us about the structure of spacetime. Section 1 explains, and bolsters, that tension. Section 2 discusses Traynor’s resolution, and suggests some possible problems with it, whilst Section 3 discusses an alternative.
Retracted: α,β‐Unsaturated aldehyde pollutant acrolein suppresses cardiomyocyte contractile function: Role of TRPV1 and oxidative stress
Authors: Wu Zhenbiao , He Emily Y. , Scott Glenda I. , Ren Jun
Published: December 2013

Air pollution is associated with an increased prevalence of heart disease and is known to trigger a proinflammatory response via stimulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channels (TRPV1, also known as the capsaicin receptor). This study was designed to examine the effect of acrolein, an essential α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde pollutant, on myocardial contractile function and the underlying mechanism involved with a focus on TRPV1 and oxidative stress. Cardiomyocyte mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties were evaluated using an IonOptix MyoCam® system including peak shortening (PS), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (± dL/dt), time‐to‐PS (TPS), time‐to‐90% relengthening (TR90), fura‐2 fluorescence intensity (FFI) and intracellular Ca2+ decay. Changes in apoptosis and TRPV1 were evaluated using Western blot analysis. The degree of oxidative stress was assessed using the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione. Results obtained revealed that exposure of cardiomyocytes to acrolein acutely compromised contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties including depressed PS, ± dL/dt and ΔFFI, as well as prolonged TR90 and intracellular Ca2+ decay. In addition, acrolein exposure upregulated TRPV1 associated with an increase in both apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, the acrolein‐induced cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ anomalies, as well as apoptosis (as evidenced by Bcl‐2, Bax, FasL, Caspase‐3 and −8), were negated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger glutathione or the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. Collectively these data suggest that the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde pollutant acrolein may play a role in the pathogenesis and sequelae of air pollution‐induced heart disease via a TRPV1‐ and oxidative stress‐dependent mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 638–647, 2015.
All one-loop NMHV gluon amplitudes in $ \mathcal{N} $ = 1 SYM
Authors: Ochirov Alexander
Published: December 2013

Abstract

We compute the next-to-maximally-helicity-violating one-loop n-gluon amplitudes in
$ \mathcal{N} $
= 1 super-Yang-Mills theory. These amplitudes contain three negative-helicity gluons and an arbitrary number of positive-helicity gluons, and constitute the first infinite series of amplitudes beyond the simplest, MHV, amplitudes. We assemble ingredients from the
$ \mathcal{N} $
= 4 NMHV tree super-amplitude into previously unwritten double cuts and use the spinor integration technique to calculate all bubble coefficients. We also derive the missing box coefficients from quadruple cuts. Together with the known formula for three-mass triangles, this completes the set of NMHV one-loop master integral coefficients in
$ \mathcal{N} $
= 1 SYM. To facilitate further use of our results, we provide their Mathematica implementation.
Three-loop QCD corrections to B

s
→ μ
+
μ
−
Authors: Hermann Thomas , Misiak Mikolaj , Steinhauser Matthias
Published: December 2013

Abstract

The decay B

s
→ μ
+
μ
− in the Standard Model is generated by the well-known W -box and Z-penguin diagrams that give rise to an effective quark-lepton operator Q

A
at low energies. We compute QCD corrections of order
$ \alpha_s^2 $
to its Wilson coefficient C

A
. It requires performing three-loop matching between the full and effective theories. Including the new corrections makes C

A
more stable with respect to the matching scale μ
0 at which the top-quark mass and α

s
are renormalized. The corresponding uncertainty in |C

A
|2 gets reduced from around 1.8% to less than 0.2%. Our results are directly applicable to all the B

s(d) → ℓ

+

ℓ

−
decay modes.
Enhanced Recovery Program in Colorectal Surgery: A Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Greco Massimiliano , Capretti Giovanni , Beretta Luigi , Gemma Marco , Pecorelli Nicolò , Braga Marco
Published: December 2013

Background

Meta‐analyses in the literature show that enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is associated with lower morbidity rate and shorter hospital stay after elective colorectal surgery. However, a recent Cochrane review did not indicate the ERAS pathway as being the new standard of care due to the limited number of published trials, together with their poor quality. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the impact of the ERAS pathway on overall morbidity, single postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and readmission rate following colorectal surgery.

Methods

We searched BioMedCentral, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for RCTs comparing the ERAS pathway to conventional perioperative care. No language restrictions were considered. A quality score was calculated for each trial included.

Results

A total of 2,376 patients in 16 RCTs were included in the analysis. The ERAS pathway was associated with a reduction of overall morbidity [relative ratio (RR) = 0.60, (95 % CI 0.46–0.76)], particularly with respect to nonsurgical complications [RR = 0.40, (95 % CI 0.27–0.61)]. The reduction of surgical complications was not significant [RR = 0.76, (95 % CI 0.54–1.08)]. The ERAS pathway shortened hospital stay (WMD = −2.28 days [95 % CI –3.09 to –1.47]), without increasing readmission rate.

Conclusions

The ERAS pathway reduced overall morbidity rates and shortened the length of hospital stay, without increasing readmission rates. A significant reduction in nonsurgical complications was evident, while no significant reduction was found for surgical complications.
Significance of Computed Tomography Finding of Intra‐Abdominal Free Fluid Without Solid Organ Injury after Blunt Abdominal Trauma: Time for Laparotomy on Demand
Authors: Mahmood Ismail , Tawfek Zainab , Abdelrahman Yassir , Siddiuqqi Tariq , Abdelrahman Husham , El‐Menyar Ayman , Al‐Hassani Ammar , Tuma Mazin , Peralta Ruben , Zarour Ahmad , Yakhlef Sawsan , Hamzawi Hazim , Al‐Thani Hassan , Latifi Rifat
Published: December 2013

Background

Optimal management of patients with intra‐abdominal free fluid found on computed tomography (CT) scan without solid organ injury remains controversial.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of CT scan findings of free fluid in the management of blunt abdominal trauma patients who otherwise have no indications for laparotomy.

Methods

During the 3‐year study period, all patients presenting with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent abdominal CT examination were retrospectively reviewed. All hemodynamically stable patients who presented with abdominal free fluid without solid organ injury on CT scan were analyzed for radiological interpretation, clinical management, operative findings, and outcome.

Results

A total of 122 patients were included in the study, 91 % of whom were males. The mean age of the patients was 33 ± 12 years. A total of 34 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy, 31 of whom had therapeutic interventions. Small bowel injuries were found in 12 patients, large bowel injuries in ten, and mesenteric injuries in seven patients. One patient had combined small and large bowel injury, and one had traumatic gangrenous appendix. In the remaining three patients, laparotomy was non‐therapeutic. A total of 36 patients had associated pelvic fractures and 33 had multiple lumbar transverse process fractures.

Conclusion

Detection of intra‐peritoneal fluid by CT scan is inaccurate for prediction of bowel injury or need for surgery. However, the correlation between CT scan findings and clinical course is important for optimal diagnosis of bowel and mesenteric injuries.
A yeast chemical genetics approach identifies the compound 3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl isothiocyanate as a calcineurin inhibitor
Authors: Prescott Thomas A.K. , Panaretou Barry , Veitch Nigel C. , Simmonds Monique S.J.
Published: December 2013

The phosphatase enzyme calcineurin controls gene expression in a variety of biological contexts however few potent inhibitors are currently available. A screen of 360 plant extracts for inhibition of calcineurin‐dependent gene expression in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified the compound 3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl isothiocyanate as an inhibitor. The compound was subsequently shown to inhibit human calcineurin via a mixed inhibition mechanism. To gain further mechanistic insight a yeast haploinsufficiency screen of 1152 deletion strains was carried out using a novel liquid medium screening method. The resulting haploinsufficiency profile is similar to that reported for the known calcineurin inhibitor FK506.
Rre37 stimulates accumulation of 2‐oxoglutarate and glycogen under nitrogen starvation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Joseph Ancy , Aikawa Shimpei , Sasaki Kengo , Teramura Hiroshi , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Matsuda Fumio , Osanai Takashi , Hirai Masami Yokota , Kondo Akihiko
Published: December 2013

Rre37 (sll1330) in a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 acts as a regulatory protein for sugar catabolic genes during nitrogen starvation. Low glycogen accumulation in Δrre37 was due to low expression of glycogen anabolic genes. In addition to low 2‐oxoglutarate accumulation, normal upregulated expression of genes encoding glutamate synthases (gltD and gltB) as well as accumulation of metabolites in glycolysis (fructose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate, and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (oxaloacetate, fumarate, succinate, and aconitate) were abolished by rre37 knockout. Rre37 regulates 2‐oxoglutarate accumulation, glycogen accumulation through expression of glycogen anabolic genes, and TCA cycle metabolites accumulation.
Moral violations reduce oral consumption
Authors: Chan Cindy , Van Boven Leaf , Andrade Eduardo B. , Ariely Dan
Published: December 2013

Consumers frequently encounter moral violations in everyday life. They watch movies and television shows about crime and deception, hear news reports of corporate fraud and tax evasion, and hear gossip about cheaters and thieves. How does exposure to moral violations influence consumption? Because moral violations arouse disgust and because disgust is an evolutionarily important signal of contamination that should provoke a multi‐modal response, we hypothesize that moral violations affect a key behavioral response to disgust: reduced oral consumption. In three experiments, compared with those in control conditions, people drank less water and chocolate milk while (a) watching a film portraying the moral violations of incest, (b) writing about moral violations of cheating or theft, and (c) listening to a report about fraud and manipulation. These findings imply that “moral disgust” influences consumption in ways similar to core disgust, and thus provide evidence for the associations between moral violations, emotions, and consumer behavior.
Sensory marketing, embodiment, and grounded cognition: A review and introduction
Authors: Krishna Aradhna , Schwarz Norbert
Published: December 2013

There has been a recent swell of interest in marketing as well as psychology pertaining to the role of sensory experiences in judgment and decision making. Within marketing, the field of sensory marketing has developed which explores the role of the senses in consumer behavior. In psychology, the dominant computer metaphor of information processing has been challenged by researchers demonstrating various manners in which mental activity is grounded in sensory experience. These findings are arduous to explain using the amodal model of the human mind. In this introduction, we first delineate key assumptions of the information processing paradigm and then discuss some of the key conceptual challenges posed by the research generally appearing under the titles of embodiment, grounded cognition, or sensory marketing. We then address the use of bodily feelings as a source of information; next, we turn to the role of context sensitive perception, imagery, and simulation in consumer behavior, and finally discuss the role of metaphors. Through this discourse, we note the contributions to the present special issue as applicable.
Fulminant Heterotopic Ossification After Combat‐related Amputation: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Dolomisiewicz Edward A. , Miller Matthew E. , Potter Benjamin K.
Published: December 2013

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the process of abnormal formation of lamellar bone in nonosseous tissues. In this case presentation, we describe patients with aggressive HO, which becomes symptomatic shortly after injury for which we have suggested the term “fulminant heterotopic ossification.” These atypical presentations of fulminant HO highlight the necessity for continued research directed at improved understanding of HO and may suggest a role for early partial surgical excision as a definitive management strategy.
Substanzkonsum und substanzbezogene Störungen: Trends in Deutschland 1980 – 2012
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Pabst Alexander , Piontek Daniela , Matos Elena Gomes de
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Untersucht wurden geschlechts- und altersspezifische Trends des Konsums von Alkohol, Tabak und Cannabis und der Einnahme von Schmerz-, Schlaf- und Beruhigungsmitteln sowie Trends substanzbezogener Störungen nach DSM-IV im Zeitraum 1980 bis 2012. Methodik: Grundlage sind Daten aus zehn Erhebungen des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA). Die Datenerhebung erfolgte schriftlich bzw. im Methodenmix. Die Antwortraten variierten zwischen 45 % und 65 %. Ergebnisse: Die durchschnittlich pro Tag konsumierte Menge Reinalkohol reduzierte sich bei Männern signifikant gegenüber dem Jahr 1995, während der Konsum unter Frauen auf niedrigerem Niveau stabil blieb. Die Anteile der aktuellen Raucher zeigen bei beiden Geschlechtern mit wenigen Ausnahmen einen klaren rückläufigen Trend. Die 12-Monats-Prävalenz des Cannabiskonsums war im Jahr 2012  höher als im Jahr 1995. Die regelmäßige Einnahme von Schmerzmitteln zeigt mit wenigen Ausnahmen eine Zunahme über die Zeit. Es wurden Anstiege in der Prävalenz der Abhängigkeit von Alkohol (1997 bis 2012), Tabak (2000 bis 2012) und Beruhigungsmitteln (2000 bis 2012) beobachtet. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Konsum legaler Substanzen ist in Deutschland insgesamt rückläufig. Mehr Anstrengungen sind nötig, um den Konsum von Cannabis und Schmerzmitteln sowie substanzbezogene Störungen auf Bevölkerungsebene zu reduzieren.
Psychotherapie bei Essstörungen
Authors: Hilbert Anja
Published: December 2013

Essstörungen sind prävalente psychische Störungen mit schwerwiegenden, oftmals langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die psychische und körperliche Gesundheit. Eine zunehmende Anzahl von klinischen Studien dokumentiert die Wirksamkeit verschiedener psychotherapeutischer Ansätze für spezifische Essstörungen. Im vorliegenden Themenheft werden die Wirksamkeit von neuen Ansätzen zur Einzeltherapie und zur internet-basierten Rückfallprophylaxe, die Patientensicht auf die Therapie sowie die Relevanz von Faktoren des therapeutischen Prozesses bei verschiedenen Essstörungen beleuchtet. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht insbesondere hinsichtlich des Prozesses und der Dissemination evidenzbasierter Psychotherapie für Essstörungen.
Der psychotherapeutische Prozess in der Behandlung von Essanfällen
Authors: Brauhardt Anne , de Zwaan Martina , Hilbert Anja
Published: December 2013

Während Leitlinien «Gold-Standards» für die Psychotherapie bei bulimischen Essstörungen (Bulimia Nervosa und Binge-Eating-Störung) empfehlen, ist über psychotherapeutische Prozessfaktoren wenig bekannt. In einer systematischen Literatursuche, wurden mit Hilfe des etablierten Generic Model of Psychotherapy Studien zum Einfluss von Prozessfaktoren auf den Erfolg, operationalisiert als Symptomreduktion oder -remission, bestimmt (Prozess-Outcome-Forschung). Während der Einfluss des Settings nach bisheriger Forschungslage kaum Schlüsse hinsichtlich des Erfolgs zulässt, konnte dieser durch spezifische Interventionen, frühe Symptomreduktionen und eine gute therapeutische Beziehung vorhergesagt werden. Weitere Prozess-Outcome-Forschung bei bulimischen Essstörungen erscheint notwendig, um die praktische Arbeit zu unterstützen und Behandlungen effektiver zu gestalten.