bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for 3D-Structural Identification through Video Recording: Magnified Tracking
Authors: Harmanci Yunus Emre , Gülan Utku , Holzner Markus , Chatzi Eleni
Published: March 2019

Advancements in optical imaging devices and computer vision algorithms allow the exploration of novel diagnostic techniques for use within engineering systems. A recent field of application lies in the adoption of such devices for non-contact vibrational response recordings of structures, allowing high spatial density measurements without the burden of heavy cabling associated with conventional technologies. This, however, is not a straightforward task due to the typically low-amplitude displacement response of structures under ambient operational conditions. A novel framework, namely Magnified Tracking (MT), is proposed herein to overcome this limitation through the synergistic use of two computer vision techniques. The recently proposed phase-based motion magnification (PBMM) framework, for amplifying motion in a video within a defined frequency band, is coupled with motion tracking by means of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). An experimental campaign was conducted to validate a proof-of-concept, where the dynamic response of a shear frame was measured both by conventional sensors as well as a video camera setup, and cross-compared to prove the feasibility of the proposed non-contact approach. The methodology was explored both in 2D and 3D configurations, with PTV revealing a powerful tool for the measurement of perceptible motion. When MT is utilized for tracking “imperceptible” structural responses (i.e., below PTV sensitivity), via the use of PBMM around the resonant frequencies of the structure, the amplified motion reveals the operational deflection shapes, which are otherwise intractable. The modal results extracted from the magnified videos, using PTV, demonstrate MT to be a viable non-contact alternative for 3D modal identification with the benefit of a spatially dense measurement grid.
Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Nanoelectrode Ensembles for the Serological Analysis of IgG-type Tissue Transglutaminase
Authors: Habtamu Henok B. , Not Tarcisio , De Leo Luigina , Longo Sara , Moretto Ligia M. , Ugo Paolo
Published: March 2019

Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder affecting a significant percentage of the general population, with increasing incidence particularly for children. Reliable analytical methods suitable for the serological diagnosis of the disorder are urgently required for performing both the early diagnosis and the follow-up of a patient adhering to a gluten-free diet. Herein we report on the preparation and application of a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on the use of ensembles of gold nanoelectrodes (NEEs) for the detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG), which is considered one reliable serological marker for CD. To this end, we take advantage of the composite nature of the nanostructured surface of membrane-templated NEEs by functionalizing the polycarbonate surface of the track-etched membrane with tissue transglutaminase. Incubation of the functionalized NEE in anti-tTG samples results in the capture of the anti-tTG antibody. Confirmation of the recognition event is achieved by incubating the NEE with a secondary antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP): in the presence of H2O2 as substrate and hydroquinone as redox mediator, an electrocatalytic current is indeed generated whose increment is proportional to the amount of anti-tTG captured from the sample. The optimized sensor allows a detection limit of 1.8 ng mL−1, with satisfactory selectivity and reproducibility. Analysis of serum samples from 28 individuals, some healthy and some affected by CD, furnished analytical results comparable with those achieved by classical fluoroenzyme immunoassay (FEIA). We note that the NEE-based immunosensor developed here detects the IgG isotype of anti-tTG, while FEIA detects the IgA isotype, which is not a suitable diagnostic marker for IgA-deficient patients.
Sustainability in Higher Education: Perceptions of Social Responsibility among University Students
Authors: Jung Younghan , Park Kayoung , Ahn Junyong
Published: March 2019

Many construction-related training and education programs in the United States have now embraced the concept of sustainability, offering sustainable construction courses that highlight sustainable design and construction practices. These courses have mainly focused on green building strategies for the design and construction of built environments and indoor environmental quality necessary for students’ knowledge enhancement and career development. This study examined the effect of sustainability course on students’ knowledge as well as their perceptions of social responsibility and sustainable behaviors. Data were collected by conducting a survey from construction related programs in U.S. universities. Students were categorized based on their experience of taking such course(s), and results were compared in terms of their environmental concerns, objective and subjective knowledge, and sustainable consumer behaviors by conducting independent two-sample t-tests. The purpose of this study was to examine sustainable behaviors and social responsibility perceptions among U.S. university students enrolled in construction-related courses. The results indicated that environmental concern and sustainable consumer behavior scores were significantly lower among students who had taken the course than those who had not. Both objective and subjective knowledge scores were relatively low. There was no difference between the two groups in objective knowledge scores and unexpectedly, subjective knowledge was significantly lower among students who had taken the course than those who had not. The findings of this study provide implications for sustainability curriculum development that can enhance students’ learning experience.
The Impact of Plant Variety Protection Regulations on the Governance of Agri-Food Value Chains
Authors: Di Fonzo Antonella , Nardone Vanessa , Fathinejad Negin , Russo Carlo
Published: March 2019

More than 25 years after the 1991 reform of the Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV) treaty, the regulation of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) is still controversial. While the incentives to private innovations are unquestionable, concerns have been raised about farmers’ access to resources, the weakening of their bargaining power, their entrepreneurial freedom, and ultimately their welfare. Our paper investigates the effect of PVP regulation on the governance of agri-food value chains (AFVC) with a small-scale survey of kiwi producers in Italy. We found that AFVC trading-protected (club) plant varieties are more likely to exhibit captive governance forms than those trading the free varieties. Nevertheless, the producers of club kiwis achieve higher returns from their investments and bear less risk than others. Because of the high demand for the club fruits, the breeders must give farmers highly profitable contract terms in order to elicit the production and to promote the adoption of the new cultivar. As a consequence, farmers are capturing a share of the value of innovation, even if the breeders have a strong protection. The long-run sustainability of this win-win agreement between breeders and farmers might be jeopardized should the demand for the new varieties fall.
Discourses about Daily Activity Contracts: A Ground for Children’s Participation?
Authors: Bosisio Roberta , Olagnero Manuela
Published: March 2019

The paper presents the findings of a secondary analysis of qualitative research conducted in Turin (Northern Italy) in 2012–2013 on autonomy and responsibility in the relationships between children and parents. A total of 46 parents and 48 children aged 9–13 were interviewed. The secondary analysis focuses on a specific section of the in-depth interview dealing with daily activity contracts. The aim is to investigate children’s participation in everyday life through children’s and parents’ narratives about daily activity contracts. Thematic analysis of this section of the interviews shows that children make room for acquiring such relational and dialogue skills as self-confidence and speaking up, which are recognized to be essential for any level and type of participation. Moreover, children’s and parents’ discourses on daily activity contracts provide an opportunity to “cultivate” participation and autonomy through a sort of alliance between parents and children in decision-making. The question is whether these dialogic attitudes and negotiation abilities are a resource not restricted to the family sphere but which extends to other areas of participation that go beyond the realm of private, protected, and reversible choices.
The Interplay between Job Control, SOC Strategies, and Age in Sustaining Work Ability in a Sample of Administrative Employees
Authors: Sottimano Ilaria , Guidetti Gloria , Viotti Sara , Converso Daniela
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the average age of workers has risen. Because of that, work ability is reducing in many sectors, especially in a public context. Given the above, it is necessary to investigate the individual and organisational resources that can play a role in the protection of work ability. This study investigates the work ability of administrative workers, examines selection, optimisation, and compensation (SOC) as a form of mediation between job control and work ability, and explores the relationship of job control, age, work ability, and SOC strategies via moderated mediation models. The findings indicate that job control, SOC strategies, and age correlate to work ability, but the effect of these factors is different. Job control and SOC strategies are positively related to work ability, and job control positively relates to the use of optimisation and compensation. However, only optimisation and compensation strategies mediate the association between job control and work ability. Finally, age moderates the effect of job control on work ability. The findings suggest that interventions, such as SOC training, promotion, and job control, may help to sustain work ability among elderly administrative workers.
Agritourism-A Sustainable Development Factor for Improving the ‘Health’ of Rural Settlements. Case Study Apuseni Mountains Area
Authors: Ciolac Ramona , Adamov Tabita , Iancu Tiberiu , Popescu Gabriela , Lile Ramona , Rujescu Ciprian , Marin Diana
Published: March 2019

Agritourism is a complex activity, a chance maybe today to ensure both human health and the “health” of the environment and rural settlements in order to achieve a most wanted desideratum, the sustainability of the rural environment. The idea of this paper starts from the trend of the current period, meaning the strong emphasis on natural, organic, bio, in all human activities, health and environment, in a word, sustainability. The necessity of implementing the sustainability of activities, health and environment in rural areas, taking into account the agritourism field, was a subject pursued in the study, taking as area of study the mountainous rural environment, the reason of this choice deriving from the fact that the mountain area offers great opportunities for agritourism development, the practice of which is even necessary in the current period. The sustainability of agritourism on rural health and environment cannot be dissociated from the economic, social and cultural life of the community in which it manifests itself, and has a multiplier effect on all the domains with which it interacts. So the purpose of the paper is to follow the development of the agritourism field and, based on some present information, to make a future forecast for some specific indicators, to highlight the representative aspects related to the development and capitalization of guesthouses from a rural mountain environment through agritourism and to come up with a forecast for future transformations that need to take place in the studied area in order to support the sustainable development of the human environment through agritourism.
Stepping Out of the Shadows: Legacy of the European Capitals of Culture, Guimarães 2012 and Košice 2013
Authors: Hudec Oto , Remoaldo Paula , Urbančíková Nataša , Cadima Ribeiro José
Published: March 2019

The European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) is the most ambitious cultural, collaborative programme in Europe. Up until 2000, ECOC projects were hosted by several national capitals and principal cultural cities in Europe. In the second phase, the programme also began to discover second-tier and less well-known cities hidden in the shadow of the cultural capitals. This paper focuses on assessing different ECOC strategies (traditional versus radical) and the corresponding legacies of two medium-sized cities: Guimarães (ECOC in 2012, Portugal) and Košice (ECOC in 2013, Slovakia). Cultural heritage is identified by the capacity of culture to change development trajectory and to boost the economy of cities. The strategies and legacies of Guimarães and Košice have revealed themselves to be comparatively different, especially due to their differences with respect to UNESCO cultural heritage. While Guimarães partially succeeded in enhancing its position as a tourist attraction and the visibility of its historical cultural heritage, the industrial city of Košice is an example of more radical and dynamic culture-led form of development, overcoming the provincialism of the city. Most importantly, and due to the strengthening pride of the locals, both ECOC cities have stepped out of the shadow of stronger cultural capitals in their countries. This joint research offers the possibility of a first-hand comparison of traditional and radical approaches and an in-depth interpretation of their legacies after a period of five years, explaining the mechanisms of forming different legacies in two types of ECOC cities. The results can help future ECOC cities to set their strategies in relation to their desired cultural and economic development.
A Pilot Study on the Sound Absorption Characteristics of Chicken Feathers as an Alternative Sustainable Acoustical Material
Authors: Kusno Asniawaty , Sakagami Kimihiro , Okuzono Takeshi , Toyoda Masahiro , Otsuru Toru , Mulyadi Rosady , Kamil Kusno
Published: March 2019

This communication reports the results of a pilot study on the sound absorption characteristics of chicken feathers (CFs). Recently, demands for natural and sustainable materials have been extensively studied for acoustical purposes. CF has long been left wasted, however, they can be used for sound-absorbing purposes to improve acoustical environments as a sustainable and green acoustical material. In order to clarify their feasibility, samples of CF absorbers of various densities and thicknesses were prepared, and their sound absorption coefficients were measured by the standard impedance tube method. The measured results were also compared with those of conventional glass wools of the same densities and thicknesses. The results show that CFs have potentially good sound-absorption performance, which is similar to typical fibrous materials: increasing with frequency. Results of direct comparison with glass wool demonstrate that the absorption coefficients of CFs are comparable and, at some frequencies, somewhat higher than conventional glass wools in some cases. Additionally, the first step for searching a prediction method for the sound absorption performance of CFs, their flow resistivity was measured and a Delany–Bazley–Miki model was examined. However, the resultant flow resistivity was unexpectedly low, and the model gave only a much lower value than that measured. The reason for the discrepancies is the subject of a future study.
Systems Thinking Skills of Preschool Children in Early Childhood Education Contexts from Turkey and Germany
Authors: Feriver Şebnem , Olgan Refika , Teksöz Gaye , Barth Matthias
Published: March 2019

This study presents an attempt to contribute to the field of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) by conceptualizing systems thinking skills of four- to six-year-old preschool children with the role of age in this particular skill. For this purpose, we developed and tested a method and instruments to assess and conceptualize systems thinking skills of 52 preschool children in early childhood education contexts from Turkey and Germany. By employing qualitative case study research, we concluded that the young children showed some signs of complex understanding regarding systems thinking in terms of detecting obvious gradual changes and two-step domino and/or multiple one-way causalities, as well as describing behavior of a balancing loop. However, their capacity was found to be limited when it comes to detecting a reinforcing loop, understanding system mechanisms by acknowledging the unintended consequences, detecting hidden components and processes, demonstrating multi-dimensional perspective, solving problems through high-leverage interventions, and predicting the future behavior of the system. Age had a notable effect on the total systems thinking mean scores of the participants.
Natural and Human-Induced Drivers of Groundwater Sustainability: A Case Study of the Mangyeong River Basin in Korea
Authors: Lee Jae Min , Kwon Eun Hye , Woo Nam C.
Published: March 2019

The sustainability of rural areas depends on the availability of water resources. The Mangyeong River Basin (MRB) in Korea faces a water supply shortage for agriculture and industry. Based on 11-year (2005–2015) precipitation and groundwater monitoring data, groundwater sustainability was evaluated in terms of natural and man-made factors and their spatio-temporal variations. A precipitation time-series revealed a declining trend, but there were different seasonal trends between wet and dry periods, with declining and rising trends, respectively. Groundwater hydrographs from five national groundwater monitoring wells showed temporal variations. Groundwater wells located in downstream areas showed both recharge from upgradient areas and local man-made impacts (e.g. from pumping), resulting in an ambiguous relationship between precipitation and water levels. However, other monitoring wells in the upstream areas displayed water level responses to precipitation events, with a declining trend. Using the standardized precipitation index at a time scale of 12 months (SPI-12) and the standardized groundwater level anomaly, meteorological and groundwater drought conditions were compared to infer the relationship between precipitation deficit and groundwater shortage in the aquifer. The SPI results indicated severely dry to extremely dry conditions during 2008–2009 and 2015. However, the standardized groundwater level anomaly showed various drought conditions for groundwater, which were dependent on the site-specific hydrogeological characteristics. Finally, groundwater sustainability was assessed using water budget modelling and water quality data. Presently, if groundwater is used above 39.2% of the recharge value in the MRB, groundwater drought conditions occur throughout the basin. Considering water quality issues, with nitrate being elevated above the natural background, this critical abstraction value becomes 28.4%. Consequently, in the MRB, sustainable groundwater management should embrace both natural and human-induced factors to regulate over-exploitation and prevent contamination.
The Impact of Employment Self-Sufficiency Measures on Commuting Time: Case Study of Perth, Australia
Authors: Kelobonye Keone , Mao Feng , Xia Jianhong (Cecilia) , Swapan Mohammad Shahidul Hasan , McCarney Gary
Published: March 2019

The level of commuting in cities is an important indicator of the efficiency of urban spatial structure. Recent research has come out in support of land use policies that promote balancing the number of employment opportunities and residents in local geographical units to reduce excess commuting. This study explores three employment self-sufficiency indices: job-worker balance (JWB), employment self-sufficiency (ESS) and employment self-containment (ESC), as measures for reducing the level of commuting. Using the case of Perth, Western Australia, we perform a trip-based evaluation of these three variables and investigate their effect on commuting time through statistical correlation. The results reveal that JWB, ESS and ESC levels are relatively poor across the metropolitan region. Higher ESS correlates with lower inflow travel time, but better JWB and higher ESC do not necessarily lead to shorter travel times. The findings of this study suggest that policies solely relying on these measures may not be effective in reducing commuting times. ESS and ESC do not account for the component of the trip outside the zone, which can misrepresent the level of commuting in an area. Incorporating travel time in these measures can complement their reliability, and better represent overall commuting levels within an urban structure.
In Vitro Bioactivity and Cell Biocompatibility of a Hypereutectic Bioceramic
Authors: Mazón Patricia , Ros-Tárraga Patricia , Serena Sara , Meseguer-Olmo Luis , De Aza Piedad N.
Published: March 2019

Two dense biphasic ceramics, with a hypereutectic composition of 30 wt % CaSiO3–70 wt % Ca3(PO4)2, were synthesized by a solid-state reaction of homogeneous pressed combinations of previously synthesized synthetic CaSiO3 and Ca3(PO4)2 powders. The objective was to produce a dense structure to generate large enough in situ pores for the ceramic to be used in tissue engineering. To develop such a structure, two grain sizes of CaSiO3 were used (63–100 µm and 100–150 μm) and some of their properties were studied in vitro, as they are relevant for tissue engineering. X-ray diffraction analysis, μ-Raman spectroscopy, diametrical compression test, and scanning electron microscopy with elemental mapping showed a coarse-grained homogeneous microstructure for the materials, which consisted of wollastonite (α-CaSiO3) and tricalcium phosphate (α-Ca3(PO4)2), with adequate mechanical properties for implantation. In vitro bioactivity was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF) by exploring a hydroxyapatite (HA)-like formation. The results showed that tricalcium phosphate grains dissolved more preferentially than those of wollastonite, but not fast enough to leave a pore before the surface was coated with an HA-like layer after soaking only for three days. Biocompatibility was evaluated by in vitro cell experiments, which showed cell proliferation, adhesion, and spreading on the ceramic surface. This ceramic is expected to be used as a bone graft substitute.
Evaluation of Investment Policy Based on Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Using Interval Valued T-Spherical Fuzzy Aggregation Operators
Authors: Ullah Kifayat , Hassan Nasruddin , Mahmood Tahir , Jan Naeem , Hassan Mazlan
Published: March 2019

Expressing the measure of uncertainty, in terms of an interval instead of a crisp number, provides improved results in fuzzy mathematics. Several such concepts are established, including the interval-valued fuzzy set, the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set, and the interval-valued picture fuzzy set. The goal of this article is to enhance the T-spherical fuzzy set (TSFS) by introducing the interval-valued TSFS (IVTSFS), which describes the uncertainty measure in terms of the membership, abstinence, non-membership, and the refusal degree. The novelty of the IVTSFS over the pre-existing fuzzy structures is analyzed. The basic operations are proposed for IVTSFSs and their properties are investigated. Two aggregation operators for IVTSFSs are developed, including weighted averaging and weighted geometric operators, and their validity is examined using the induction method. Several consequences of new operators, along with their comparative studies, are elaborated. A multi-attribute decision-making method in the context of IVTSFSs is developed, followed by a brief numerical example where the selection of the best policy, among a list of investment policies of a multinational company, is to be evaluated. The advantages of using the framework of IVTSFSs are described theoretically and numerically, hence showing the limitations of pre-existing aggregation operators.
Fuzzy Parameterized Complex Multi-Fuzzy Soft Expert Set Theory and Its Application in Decision-Making
Authors: Al-Qudah Yousef , Hassan Mazlan , Hassan Nasruddin
Published: March 2019

Contemporary research has refined systems with complex fuzzy sets in order to improve the design and model of real-life applications. Symmetry and antisymmetry are basic characteristics of binary relations used when modeling the decision maker’s preferences. A recent focus has been the analysis of a complex data set using the properties of fuzzy concept lattice and the complex soft set. We will introduce a new concept to represent the information which utilizes the time factor, called fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set ( F P - CMFSES ), and investigate part of its fundamental properties. This F P - CMFSES model allows us to validate the information provided by an expert, at a given phase of time, using the properties of complex fuzzy sets. We then construct an algorithm based on this concept by converting it from the complex state to the real state. Eventually, we implement it to a decision-making problem to demonstrate the applicability of the suggested method. A comparison among F P - CMFSES and other existing methods is made to expose the dominance of the suggested method. Apart from that, we also propose the weighted fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set and investigate its application to decision-making.
Logarithmic Hybrid Aggregation Operators Based on Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets and Their Applications in Decision Support Systems
Authors: Ashraf Shahzaib , Abdullah Saleem , Smarandache Florentin , Amin Noor ul
Published: March 2019

Recently, neutrosophic sets are found to be more general and useful to express incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information. The purpose of this paper is to introduce new aggregation operators based on logarithmic operations and to develop a multi-criteria decision-making approach to study the interaction between the input argument under the single valued neutrosophic (SVN) environment. The main advantage of the proposed operator is that it can deal with the situations of the positive interaction, negative interaction or non-interaction among the criteria, during decision-making process. In this paper, we also defined some logarithmic operational rules on SVN sets, then we propose the single valued neutrosophic hybrid aggregation operators as a tool for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) under the neutrosophic environment and discussd some properties. Finally, the detailed decision-making steps for the single valued neutrosophic MCDM problems were developed, and a practical case was given to check the created approach and to illustrate its validity and superiority. Besides this, a systematic comparison analysis with other existent methods is conducted to reveal the advantages of our proposed method. Results indicate that the proposed method is suitable and effective for decision process to evaluate their best alternative.
Bernoulli Polynomials and Their Some New Congruence Properties
Authors: Duan Ran , Shen Shimeng
Published: March 2019

The aim of this article is to use the fundamental modus and the properties of the Euler polynomials and Bernoulli polynomials to prove some new congruences related to Bernoulli polynomials. One of them is that for any integer h or any non-negative integer n, we obtain the congruence B 2 n + 1 ( 2 h ) ≡ 0 mod ( 2 n + 1 ) , where B n ( x ) are Bernoulli polynomials.
Energy Security within Malaysia’s Water-Energy-Food Nexus—A Systems Approach
Authors: Tan Andrew Huey Ping , Yap Eng Hwa
Published: March 2019

While knowledge of energy security has been thorough and elaborate, understanding energy security within the context of the water-energy-food nexus, where substantial inter-sectoral causes and effects exist, is less established, more so for Malaysia. This paper investigates the impact of two energy scenarios on identified key indicators within the context of the water-energy-food nexus. By utilizing a mixed method of qualitative interview and quantitative system dynamics modelling, representative causal loop diagrams and stock-flow diagrams were constructed to predict and allow for the analysis of behaviors of selected key indicators. Key findings include the importance of allowing a reasonable penetration of 20% renewable energy for the long term, and having a proper consideration for nuclear energy to assist in keeping energy costs low for the mid-term.
Insights into Australian Bat Lyssavirus in Insectivorous Bats of Western Australia
Authors: Prada Diana , Boyd Victoria , Baker Michelle , Jackson Bethany , O’Dea Mark
Published: March 2019

Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) is a known causative agent of neurological disease in bats, humans and horses. It has been isolated from four species of pteropid bats and a single microbat species (Saccolaimus flaviventris). To date, ABLV surveillance has primarily been passive, with active surveillance concentrating on eastern and northern Australian bat populations. As a result, there is scant regional ABLV information for large areas of the country. To better inform the local public health risks associated with human-bat interactions, this study describes the lyssavirus prevalence in microbat communities in the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. We used targeted real-time PCR assays to detect viral RNA shedding in 839 oral swabs representing 12 species of microbats, which were sampled over two consecutive summers spanning 2016–2018. Additionally, we tested 649 serum samples via Luminex® assay for reactivity to lyssavirus antigens. Active lyssavirus infection was not detected in any of the samples. Lyssavirus antibodies were detected in 19 individuals across six species, with a crude prevalence of 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8–4.5%) over the two years. In addition, we present the first records of lyssavirus exposure in two Nyctophilus species, and Falsistrellus mackenziei.
In vitro Modeling of Prion Strain Tropism
Authors: Levavasseur Etienne , Privat Nicolas , Haïk Stéphane
Published: March 2019

Prions are atypical infectious agents lacking genetic material. Yet, various strains have been isolated from animals and humans using experimental models. They are distinguished by the resulting pattern of disease, including the localization of PrPsc deposits and the spongiform changes they induce in the brain of affected individuals. In this paper, we discuss the emerging use of cellular and acellular models to decipher the mechanisms involved in the strain-specific targeting of distinct brain regions. Recent studies suggest that neuronal cultures, protein misfolding cyclic amplification, and combination of both approaches may be useful to explore this under-investigated but central domain of the prion field.
Stochastic Method for Evaluating Removal, Fate and Associated Uncertainties of Micropollutants in a Stormwater Biofilter at an Annual Scale
Authors: Flanagan Kelsey , Branchu Philippe , Boudahmane Lila , Caupos Emilie , Demare Dominique , Deshayes Steven , Dubois Philippe , Kajeiou Meriem , Meffray Laurent , Partibane Chandirane , Saad Mohamed , Vitart de Abreu Lima Maria , Gromaire Marie-Christine
Published: March 2019

A stochastic method for evaluating the in situ mass balance of micropollutants in a stormwater biofilter, accounting for inlet and outlet loads and the evolution of pollutant mass in the filter media (ΔMsoil) at an annual scale, is proposed. In the field context, this type of calculation presents a number of methodological challenges, associated with estimating water quality for unsampled rain events, reconstituting missing or invalidated flow data and accounting for significant uncertainties associated with these estimations and experimental measurements. The method is applied to a biofiltration swale treating road runoff for two trace metals, Cu and Zn and six organic micropollutants: pyrene (Pyr), phenanthrene (Phen), bisphenol-A (BPA), octylphenol (OP), nonylphenol (NP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Pollutant loads were reduced by 27–72%. While organic micropollutants are likely to be lost to degradation or volatilization processes in such systems, dissipation could not be demonstrated for any of the organic micropollutants studied due to emissions from construction materials (case of BPA, OP, NP and DEHP) or high uncertainties in ΔMsoil (case of Pyr and Phen). The necessary conditions for establishing an in situ mass balance demonstrating dissipation, which include acquisition of data associated with all terms over a period long enough that uncertainty propagation is limited and the absence of additional sources of pollutants in the field, are discussed.
Water Governance in Cities: Current Trends and Future Challenges
Authors: Romano Oriana , Akhmouch Aziza
Published: March 2019

Adapting water governance to changing needs, while coping with the uncertainties caused by climate change and the consequences of urbanisation and demographic growth, is key for inclusive, safe and resilient cities. The urgency of the challenges calls for innovative practices to enhance water security and provide better services to citizens, as foreseen by the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. The key question is: how to accomplish these objectives? While there is no doubt that technical solutions are available and play a fundamental role, they represent only part of the solution. Cities must ensure that the institutional frameworks in place are “fit to fix the pipes”, from accessible information to adequate capacity, from sufficient funding to transparency and integrity, and from meaningful stakeholder engagement to coherence across sectoral policies. Building mainly on recent studies on water governance carried out by The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and specifically on urban water governance, this paper will discuss current trends and provide a set of tools for policy solutions based on OECD’s 3Ps framework: people, policies and places. It will conclude by highlighting the importance of improving monitoring and evaluation for better design and implementation of urban water governance.
« Occurrences remarquables » et « événements singuliers » : l’écriture de l’événement politique dans les « nouvelles » de Jean-Pierre Camus
Authors: Amstutz Delphine
Published: March 2019

La notion d’événement est au cœur de l’œuvre et de la pensée de Jean-Pierre Camus (1584-1652). Dans le paratexte à ses histoires tragiques ou ses romans dévots, il élabore ainsi une authentique poétique de l’événement, dépendante d’une interprétation théologique originale de la Fortune. Le présent article se propose de confronter le discours de Camus sur l’événement à sa production narrative effective, pour tenter d’élucider le problème que constitue un étrange hapax de l’œuvre camusienne, l’ultime narré du recueil intitulé les Evenemens singuliers (1628), consacré à la disgrâce d’Olivier le Daim, barbier et favori de Louis XI. La poétique exemplaire revendiquée par Camus dans ses préfaces est quelquefois tenue en échec par les pratiques d’écriture qu’il adopte en réalité. C’est notamment dans l’écriture de l’événement politique, dérobé à ses implications morales rebattues, que Camus parvient à dévoiler l’essence même de l’événement, quand il transcende l’éphémère fait divers.
Questionnements éthiques sur le discours critique. L’exemple des clefs d’Ancien Régime
Authors: Arzoumanov Anna
Published: March 2019

Cet article dresse un panorama d’un protocole de lecture, la lecture à clef, qui prend un essor particulier à partir des années 1660 et qui consiste à affirmer que tel ou tel personnage d’une fiction masque un individu réel. Il s’agit ici d’évaluer les visées de ce type de lecture, difficilement positionnable au sein des pratiques de commentaire. Nouvelle spécialisation d’une philologie française alors en plein essor ou pratique d’annotation ludique à visée satirique ?
La Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes, ou la métamorphose de la critique
Authors: Norman Larry F.
Published: March 2019

Les enjeux culturels et philosophiques discutés lors de la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes ont nourri – et continuent à nourrir – un riche débat sur l’évolution historique de la littérature, des arts, et du savoir humain. Cet article se propose de détourner l’attention du matériau de la controverse pour la porter vers les outils qui y ont été déployés, et plus précisément, vers les pratiques de la critique littéraire telles qu’elles étaient en voie de transformation à l’âge classique. Pour ce faire, nous examinerons 1) l’étendue (et les limites) de la liberté intellectuelle réclamée par la critique et l’autonomie de son domaine d’exercice, 2) l’évolution des méthodes historicistes et la complexité grandissante de la périodisation littéraire qui en résulte, 3) le conflit entre approches rationaliste et sensualiste, qui prépare la voie à la philosophie esthétique élaborée au siècle des Lumières.
Le Père Bouhours ou de la délicatesse
Authors: Beugnot Bernard
Published: March 2019

À partir de réflexions souvent ponctuelles, mais convergentes, sans a priori ni régulation rigide, Bouhours élabore autour de la langue et du goût, à travers des images (la clarté du diamant) et des concepts récurrents (l’ingénieux, le délicat) une critique de l’exemple, dont la délicatesse, notion esthétique et morale qu’il invente et théorise, où entrent du mystère et du je ne sais quoi, définit un des registres majeurs. Formes privilégiées de cet art critique d’esprit mondain, le dialogue et l’entretien, propices à la nuance et à l’équilibre des contraires, épanouissent les valeurs de l’atticisme hérité de Balzac en harmonisant le savoir et le goût, la culture de l’écrivain et du lecteur.
Le plurilinguisme dans l’œuvre de Shakespeare : l’affrontement entre les langues régionales et dialectales et le discours dominant de l’anglais du roi pendant la Renaissance anglaise
Authors: Askar Amina
Published: March 2019

Chez les rhétoriciens anglais du XVI e et du XVII e siècle, les débats sur l’homogénéisation de la langue nationale et la consolidation de l’anglais du roi sont de première importance. Ils reflètent l’histoire politique, dominée par la centralisation du pouvoir. Aucun auteur ne jouait avec plus d’habileté sur le plurilinguisme et les tensions entre les dialectes que Shakespeare. Notamment dans sa pièce Henry V , il présente des dialectes régionaux qui s’opposent au projet du roi, montrant ainsi leurs forces subversives.
Le picard de Nérine : moyen picard, picard moyen ?
Authors: Dagnac Anne
Published: March 2019

Cet article réexamine à la lumière des travaux sur le moyen picard la conclusion selon laquelle le picard de Nérine est un pur artéfact. Il montre que si Molière ne retient que quelques marqueurs phonétiques et morphologiques et gomme des traits dialectaux attendus, il le fait à bon escient. Il représente bien une variété plausible de picard, qui peut face au français et à l’occitan jouer un double rôle de contrepoint et d’intercesseur dans l’économie de la pièce.
Monsieur de Pourceaugnac et les enjeux de la prononciation du français
Authors: Bourqui Claude
Published: March 2019

Au moment où est créé Monsieur de Pourceaugnac , la controverse sur la réforme de l’orthographe, lancée par la parution des Véritables Règles de l’ortografe francéze de Lesclache, bat son plein. À ceux qui réclament une adaptation de la graphie du français à sa prononciation, on oppose la multiplicité des pratiques orales de la langue, à commencer par celles des provinciaux et des étrangers. L’article défend l’idée que la comédie de Molière reflète ce débat sur le mode humoristique.
Le type comique du francimand dans le théâtre d’oc au XVII e siècle : un pied de nez au matamore gascon ?
Authors: Lassaque Aurélia
Published: March 2019

Le matamore gascon connaît un succès considérable sur la scène française au XVII e siècle. Entre matamore gascon, Gascon et faux Gascons, nous proposons un bref panorama du type et de ses déclinaisons. Comme en reflet, les dramaturges occitans inventent le type comique du francimand , matamore dont la tentative de francisation laborieuse provoque le rire des occitanophones. La mise en regard de ces deux figures révèle une élaboration complexe sous-tendue par la question diglossique.
Le jeu des langues dans le « Théâtre de Béziers »
Authors: Gardy Philippe
Published: March 2019

Dans les vingt-quatre pièces du « Théâtre de Béziers » (1628-1657), deux langues interviennent de manière régulière : le français et l’occitan (de Béziers). Entre 1615 et 1628, ils alternent ou s’imposent en fonction du statut des personnages (origine géographique, appartenance sociale ou valeur symbolique). Après 1630, la palette linguistique se diversifie, tandis qu’occitan et français définissent deux espaces antagonistes : local, d’un côté, et extérieur, porteur de périls divers, de l’autre. Vers le milieu du siècle, alors que la tradition théâtrale biterroise semble s’épuiser, on assiste à un repliement sur le local, avec des pièces largement unilingues en occitan.
Choix et non-choix linguistiques dans l’ Histoire de Pepesuc et dans l’œuvre de François Bonnet
Authors: Courouau Jean-François
Published: March 2019

François Bonnet, le seul auteur à peu près connu du « Théâtre de Béziers », n’oppose pas de façon frontale le français et l’occitan dans les trois pièces qu’on connaît de lui (1628, 1657) et dans sa production poétique (1655). En renonçant à thématiser le conflit linguistique, il crée un dialogue fructueux entre les deux langues. L’occitan fait cependant chez lui l’objet d’un choix résolu et constant qui semble n’avoir fait que se renforcer au fil du temps.
Il y a Gascon et Gascon, ou le ballet des ethnotypes
Authors: Martel Philippe
Published: March 2019

On connaît dans la littérature française le stéréotype du Gascon matamore, guerrier qui parle mieux qu’il ne se bat. Mais est-ce si simple ? Ce n’est pas ce Gascon-là qu’on voit dans l’ Histoire de Pepesuc . Et au delà de la littérature, il y a une autre image de l’homme du Sud au XVII e  siècle : celle du paysan révolté, le Croquant…
Le théâtre en breton aux XVI e , XVII e et XVIII e siècles
Authors: Le Berre Yves
Published: March 2019

Environ deux cent cinquante textes attestent l’existence d’un théâtre en breton entre 1530 et la Révolution. Avant 1650, les mystères sont écrits dans un breton ornementé qui, influencé par la poésie latine, n’est pas sans rapports avec la statuaire et les vitraux du gothique flamboyant. Après le concile de Trente, l’influence des jésuites se fait sentir dans des productions plus proches de l’ auto espagnol que des tragédies raciniennes. Rédigées dans un breton influencé par le français distingué, ces pièces connaîtront le succès jusque vers 1850.
Deux amis de Ménage : Tanneguy Le Fèvre et Mme Dacier
Authors: Itti Eliane
Published: March 2019

Ménage partage avec Tanneguy Le Fèvre et sa fille, Anne Dacier, la passion de la philologie. Dans quelque vingt lettres inédites, Le Fèvre évoque aussi bien ses propres ouvrages que ceux de Ménage, en qui il voit un grand érudit, un intermédiaire efficace et un ami dévoué. Mme Dacier, dédicataire de l’Historia mulierum philosopharum , incarne pour Ménage « la plus savante de toutes les femmes » et occupe, à ce titre, une place privilégiée dans son univers intellectuel.
L’œuvre littéraire et linguistique de Gilles Ménage : une complémentarité intertextuelle exceptionnelle
Authors: Turcan Isabelle
Published: March 2019

Gilles Ménage (1613-1692), polygraphe, philologue, grammairien et lexicographe, a construit une œuvre littéraire et linguistique du plus grand intérêt pour l'histoire de la langue, de la littérature et de la lexicographie françaises : une belle intertextualité à étudier.
Ménage : entre savoir philologique et imaginaire linguistique
Authors: Siouffi Gilles
Published: March 2019

Quand Ménage fait son entrée dans la sphère des « remarqueurs », en 1672, avec le premier volume de ses Observations sur la langue françoise , il met en jeu son statut de savant, face à un Bouhours dont l’approche, davantage fondée sur des représentations, n’hésite pas à tirer l’héritage de Vaugelas du côté d’un « imaginaire de la langue ». La première partie de cet article montre comment Ménage a bien accepté les références essentielles qui sont celles de Vaugelas pour parler de langue : les références à l’usage, à l’histoire, aux règles, à la raison et à l’oreille. L’article étudie ensuite le rapport à la langue de Ménage remarqueur à partir des enjeux des principaux mots utilisés alors pour le décrire : philologie , grammaire , critique … Enfin, il s’intéresse aux réactions de Ménage face à l’imaginaire de type « discursif » développé par Bouhours (à mi-chemin entre les remarques syntaxiques et les remarques concernant les négligences de style, ou les conseils quant à l’adaptation de la formulation aux différents genres).
Inventeurs et passeurs de mots Le rôle des sujets de langue d’après Gilles Ménage
Authors: Steuckardt Agnès
Published: March 2019

Ménage occupe une place singulière dans l’histoire de la grammaire. Alors que Vaugelas et ses disciples minorent le rôle du sujet, il souligne le caractère institué de la langue. Il pointe le rôle des hommes de lettres dans l’invention des mots, celui des hommes politiques dans les emprunts linguistiques, et éclaire par ses enquêtes étymologiques l’ancrage de la langue dans l’histoire. Sa conception de la langue reste une alternative forte aux théories qui relèguent le sujet au rang d’objet.
Gilles Ménage et l’Espagne
Authors: García Bascuñana Juan
Published: March 2019

L’Espagne et la langue espagnole sont bien présentes chez Ménage, surtout dans son Dictionnaire étymologique . Mais nous voudrions souligner aussi une influence postérieure qui s’exerce dans le sens opposé : celle de Ménage sur des lexicographes espagnols du XVIII e siècle, spécialement sur Gregorio Mayans. Tout compte fait, la relation entre Ménage et l’Espagne s’exerce à double sens : d’une part, une présence espagnole dans l’œuvre de Ménage et d’autre part la réception de celle-ci au sud des Pyrénées.
Y a-t-il une critique féminine ? Représentations du jugement des spectatrices dans le théâtre français du XVII e siècle
Authors: Lochert Véronique
Published: March 2019

Les « comédies de spectateurs », qui se développent dans la seconde moitié du XVII e siècle, mettent en scène une galerie de personnages évoquant la diversité des pratiques critiques féminines. Elles proposent ainsi une réflexion sur les modalités du jugement, qui s’exprime à travers une opposition croissante entre critique savante et critique galante. Associée à la sensibilité, au goût, à la discrétion, la figure de la spectatrice y apparaît comme un instrument de modélisation de différentes postures critiques dont les mérites sont comparés.
Le Tartuffe de Molière sous l’œil de ses premiers spectateurs
Authors: Piot Coline
Published: March 2019

Cet article se propose d’envisager les textes qui encadrent la réception du Tartuffe de Molière, en laissant de côté les enjeux politico-religieux complexes de la querelle bien connus de la critique, pour s’attacher à la façon dont ils décrivent le spectacle. L’exploitation mondaine des notions de la poétique, la place importante qu’ils accordent à la représentation de la comédie et les critères d’appréciation qu’ils mettent en place pour l’évaluer permettent d’éclairer plus largement les évolutions de la critique dramatique dans les années 1660. Celle-ci tend en effet à faire du spectateur le meilleur juge de la production théâtrale contemporaine.
Marguerite de Navarre au lycée : transmettre L’Heptaméron
Authors: Gilles-Chikhaoui Audrey
Published: March 2019

L’Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre est reconnu comme une œuvre essentielle de la littérature française du XVI e siècle. Toutefois, c’est un texte peu présent dans les ouvrages scolaires et qui souffre d’un accès rendu difficile par les éditions existantes. Cet article cherche d’une part à observer la façon dont est présentée cette œuvre dans les ouvrages pédagogiques et d’autre part à proposer des pistes pour la transmettre aux lycéens.