bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frame Points Attentions Convolution for Deep Learning on Point Cloud
Authors: Li Luyang , He Ligang , Gao Jinjin , Han Xie
Published: September 2024

Point Cloud can be considered as non-Euclidean structure data since it is disordered and irregular. When training on point cloud, it is difficult to apply spatial discrete convolution directly. In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional spatial convolution operator called FPAC (Frame Points Attention Convolution). FPAC pre-defines a set of frame points in space and quantifies the correlation between the input local points and the frame points through an attention mechanism. FPAC then combines the quantified correlations with the weights of the frame points to generate spatially continuous filters. The convolution weights for different local areas in the filters are calculated dynamically. Furthermore, FPAC is reformulated to reduce the internal dimensions during training, which reduces memory consumption and significantly improves training speed. Several optimization measures are also implemented to further enhance the performance of FPAC. We built three common point cloud task networks using FPAC and conducted experiments to train these networks on widely used datasets. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this work is competitive with state-of-the-art methods for point cloud tasks.
Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict delays in seeking medical care among patients with breast cancer in China
Authors: Chen Xiao , Cheng Zhiyan , Li Yinfeng , Wu Xiaohong , Yang Qing
Published: September 2024

Background
Delays in seeking medical care may affect the survival rates of breast cancer patients. We aimed to explore potential risk factors for the delay in seeking medical care among breast cancer patients by constructing a highly effective machine learning (ML) prediction model.
Methods
A cross-sectional methodology was utilized, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of 540 patients with breast cancer in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from July 2022 to June 2023 were collected to develop a model. Feature selection was performed using a Lasso algorithm, and six ML algorithms, including XGB, LR, RF, CNB, SVM and KNN, were applied for model construction. The k-fold cross-validation method was used for internal verification. And ROC curves, calibration curves, DCA and external validation were used for model evaluation. The SHAP method was used to interpret the model visualization.
Results
A comprehensive analysis was conducted in a cohort of 540 patients diagnosed with breast cancer, of whom 212 patients (39.26%) experienced a delay. Lasso algorithm selected eight variables that were most suitable for model construction. The RF model demonstrated superior performance compared to the other five prediction models. The AUC values in the training set ROC, validation set ROC, and external verification ROC curves were 1.00, 0.86, and 0.76, respectively in RF model. The results of the calibration curves indicated that the calibration curves of the RF models closely resembled the ideal curves. The DCA curves exhibited a net clinical benefit in comparison to treatment for or treatment for none for all models, with the exception of CNB.
Conclusions
The machine learning algorithm utilized in this study effectively generated a prediction model for delays in seeking medical care for patients with breast cancer. The best RF model's remarkable predictive power, exhibiting a good discrimination and calibration.
Field test and numerical research on explosion crater in calcareous sand
Authors: Li Changchun , Chen Yumin , Yao Yingkang , Gou Yonggang , Wang Qiongting , Guo Junwei , Xie Xiao , Wang Xiangyu
Published: September 2024

The explosion in foundation poses a significant threat to people and buildings. Currently, a unified empirical prediction formula for crater in calcareous foundation has not been established. In this paper, analyzed the types and sizes of explosion crater with different scaled burial depths through field tests and numerical simulation. In field tests, revealed the influence of scaled burial depth on the type and size of explosion crater and obtained the critical scaled burial depth for three different types of explosion craters, namely ejecta-type crater, collapse-type crater and covert explosion. Through the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic-Finite Element Method (SPH-FEM) coupling algorithm, studied the movement trajectory of sand particles around the explosive at the moment of explosion in detail. Based on the field tests and numerical simulation results, it was found that calcareous sand has a smaller specific gravity due to its own characteristics, and the size of the explosion crater is larger than that of quartz sand at the same scaled burial depth. Obtained an empirical formula for crater in calcareous sand. Which can quickly predict the size of explosion crater and provide calculation basis for explosion resistant design in calcareous sand foundations.
Research on Seismic Activity and Seismic Structural Characteristics of the Shandong Region
Authors: Lu Linhai , Liu Zhenghao , Zhang Hanwen , Wu Chaojun , Sun Jiecheng , Ma Xianfeng , Zhou Dingyi , Han Han , Zhang Haojin , Li Rui
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the seismic activity and structural characteristics of Shandong in China, identifying seismic belts and potential epicentral areas critical to the region's seismic safety. A comprehensive database was established, encompassing data on regional seismic activity and structural features, including seismic statistics, earthquake distribution patterns, major geotectonic movements, and recent tectonic activities. Research indicates that seismic activity in the Shandong region is unevenly distributed, with moderate to strong earthquakes primarily controlled by active fault zones and displaying a zonal distribution. Earthquakes generally occur at shallow depths within the middle to upper crust, with historically destructive earthquakes averaging depths of 19 km, while more recent minor quakes average approximately 14.9 km deep. This seismic activity covers the North China Plain and the Tan-Lu Seismic Statistical Areas. Forecasts predict continued or increased seismic activity over the next century, potentially including events up to magnitude 8.5. The region’s geology features the Luxi Fault Block and the Tan-Lu Fault Zone, marked by intermittent neotectonic movements of uplift and subsidence. The dominant horizontal tectonic stresses suggest a likelihood of strike-slip faulting.
The application of quality control circle in the management of narcotic drugs and first category psychotropic drugs
Authors: Ma Yanli , Ma Xiaobei , Yan Siyi , Duan Hongmei
Published: September 2024

Background: To explore the application effect of “quality control circle” (QCC) activity in the management of narcotic and first-category psychotropic drugs(anesthesia drugs) .
Methods: A QCC management group was established based on standardized methods and procedures. The theme of the group was "to improve the standardized rate of management of anesthesia drugs". The group analyzed the current situation of anesthesia drug management in a tertiary public hospital in Beijing,China.Applying the PDCA(plan-do-check-act) cycle to implement improvement measures.The standardization rate, management time, and healthcare satisfaction of anesthesia drug management were compared before and after QCC management.
Results: The standardization rate of anesthesia drug management increased from 95.83% to 99.01% after QCC, which showed that the satisfaction was higher after QCC management than before(p < 0.01). The daily time spent by the anesthesia nurses on the management of anesthesia drugs was also significantly reduced from 72.68±15.41 min to 51.74±6.92 min(p < 0.01).
Conclusion:The application of QCC management had not only increases the standardization rate of anesthesia drug management but also improved the job satisfaction and reduce the management time of anesthetia drugs.
Effects of sodium butyrate and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate on the intestinal resistance and recovery from ammonia nitrogen stress in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Wang Yingying , Ou-Yang Kang , He Ya , Yang Hui , Wang Liangmou , Li Dapeng , Li Li
Published: September 2024

To study the effects of dietary butyrate supplementation on the resistance and recovery from ammonia nitrogen stress in the intestine, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were administered four distinct diets for 56 days: control diet (CK group), 600 mg butyrate /kg powdered sodium butyrate (PSB group), microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB group) and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB group). After feeding, the fish were exposed to ammonia nitrogen (10.47 ± 0.67 mg/L) for 96 hours, followed by a 15- day recovery in pristine water. Our results revealed that dietary PSB, MSB and PHB primarily increased intestinal crypt depth and goblet cell count, and PHB also elevated the ratio of villus area to intestinal area. Moreover, three additions significantly increased the levels of acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and β defensin (β-DF) of the intestine. Meanwhile, these supplements significantly decreased the intestinal contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In acute ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery experiment, the addition of PSB, MSB and PHB decreased lipid peroxides (MDA) and enhanced antioxidant capacity (T-SOD and T-AOC), thereby effectively mitigating ammonia-induced oxidative stress. These additives further enhanced intestinal non-specific immunity, as evidenced by the increased levels of ACP, LZM and β-DF, and simultaneously alleviated inflammatory response (IL-1β) induced by ammonia nitrogen. Furthermore, the integrated biomarker response analysis revealed that MSB group exhibited a superior effect. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 600 mg/kg butyrate demonstrated an enhanced ability to mitigated ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery in the intestine of grass carp.
Multiscale hierarchy denoising method for heritage building point cloud model noise removal
Authors: Liu Sha , Mamat Mohd Jaki Bin , Huang Yue , Dong Miao , Liu Qi
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the three-dimensional data documentation of heritage buildings. The collection of detailed and accurate 3D point cloud information through the acquisition of heritage building data has facilitated various applications. These applications encompass historical architectural information retrieval, preservation and monitoring, augmented reality and virtual reality, as well as the generation of Heritage Building Information Models (HBIM). Point cloud originates from 3D scanners, human-computer interaction, and other devices exposed to unnecessary environments. In this context, point cloud will inevitably be influenced by noise and outliers. Factors contributing to noise include the limitations of sensors, the defect of device, and the characteristics of illumination or reflection of the studied objects. Thus, dealing with noise and outliers presents a challenge when storing point cloud data. Denoising is a critical step in data processing for point cloud when applied to heritage architecture. The accuracy of the point cloud model in heritage architecture is highly dependent on noise and outliers. This study proposes Multiscale Hierarchy Denoising method, whose process is as follows. First, divide the point cloud model of heritage architecture according to the architectural structure. Then, use the DBSCAN algorithm to carry out large-scale point cloud denoising. For small-scale noise, its denoising is achieved on a macroscopic basis by systematically removing noise and outliers from the heritage architectural point cloud model, using statistical filtering and bilateral filtering techniques. This process can improve the quality and accuracy of point cloud data related to heritage building.
A retrospective longitudinal study of students' residency choices at the French medical ranking exam.
Authors: Coste Arthur , Morland David , Becker Jean Marie , Nazeyrollas Pierre , Deguelte Sophie , Weirauch Nathalie Bednarek , Quinquenel Anne , Hentzien Maxime
Published: September 2024

Background
The evolution of medical students population and their choices of medical residency is poorly documented in France. The objective of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of medical students residency choices at their national ranking exam (NRE) once they have completed six years of theoretical and practical medical training.
Methods
Published choices after the French NRE were processed from 2011 to 2023. A longitudinal follow-up of the median rank of affected students for each medical speciality and each training university hospitals is presented. Demographics and gender statistics are also presented. Violin plots, heatmaps and bump charts were used for a better analysis. Mann-Kendall test was used for trend analysis.
Results
We analyzed choices of more than 100,000 students and show that men were more likely to have a better ranking, though with a non homogeneous distribution compared to women who were more homogeneously distributed. We also proved that younger students better performed at the exam. We observed an unprecedented increased attractiveness of medical gynecology (+14 places, p=0.007) as well as anesthesiology and resucitation (+13 places, p=0.008).Vascular medicine (+4 places, p=0.014), otorhinolaryngology (+2 places, p=0.041) and dermatology (+5 places, p=0.019) also significantly gained attractivity over the study period contrary to neurosurgery (-23 places, p=0.023) and infectious diseases (-8 places, p=0.048). Medical schools of Rennes (+7 places, p=0.005) and Caen (+3 places, p=0.048) have been gaining interest over the whole period while Grenoble (-5 places, p=0.013), Paris (-5 places, p=0.0083) and Limoges (-4 places, p=0.006) have been significantly loosing attractivity.
Conclusion
This work provides an overview of choices trends at the French medical NRE and illustrates for the first time the evolution of medical students’ demography and residency choices over a thirteen-year period.
Landscape patterns and ecosystem services under land use changes during long time periods in mountainous-hilly-plain complex terrain areas in southwestern China (Sichuan Province)
Authors: He Shouqin , Fan Min
Published: September 2024

This study proposed an innovative research framework for analyzing landscape patterns and assessing ecosystem service values under land use changes in mountainous-hilly-plain complex terrain areas southwest of China (Sichuan Province). Firstly, we analyzed the spatial characteristic scales of land uses by using lacunarity analysis and the results illustrated that the spatial heterogeneity and cluster characters of land uses appeared at different spatial scales. The fitting regression mode was then applied to quantify the interactive relationships between landscape pattern indexes and their driving factors. The outcomes revealed that the climate, social and economic driving factors were the key factors in shaping the landscape spatial pattern. Furthermore, the landscape spatial patterns indirectly impacted on ecosystem services from temporal and spatial perspectives. There were six high regulation and support ecosystem services contributed 85% of the total ecosystem services. Thus, it is necessary to understand the landscape processes and their spatial scales caused by land use changes for perfect management of specific ecosystem services targets, which can further effectively maintain ecological conservation targets and successfully sustain ecosystem services provision.
The Health Coach Approach: A Secondary Analysis on The Association Between Remote Health Wellness Coaching and Body Appreciation
Authors: Heeter Kathleen N. , Watkins Janette M. , Kercher Kyle A. , Macy Jonathan T. , Chow Angela , Roy Brad , Zhu Huiyi , Kercher Vanessa M Martinez
Published: September 2024

Background: Body image and body appreciation (BA) are often considered a young adult issue, but the importance of body image as a factor contributing to wellness persists across the lifespan. The study's purpose was to test (1) the effect of a 3-month health-and-wellness coaching (HWC) program on BA and (2) whether baseline measures of physical and mental health were related to changes in BA. 100 women completed a 3-month HWC program where BA and mental and physical health measures were collected twice.
Methods: A stepwise linear regression was conducted using measures of physical and mental health with BA as the outcome.
Results: A higher level of baseline depression was linked to more improvement in BA post-intervention (β=0.033, p<0.05), while higher baseline muscular endurance was linked to less improvement in BA at post-intervention (β= -0.022, p<0.01).
Conclusion:Results suggest that a 3-month HWC program has potential for improving BA, with stronger results possible among women with higher levels of depression at the start of the intervention.
Intensity-difference squeezing from four-wave mixing in hot 85Rb and 87Rb atoms in single diode laser pumping system
Authors: Sim Gisung , Kim Heewoo , Moon Han Seb
Published: September 2024

Squeezed states of light, generated through four-wave mixing (FWM), are increasingly recognized as valuable resources for various applications in quantum sensing, quantum imaging, and quantum information processing. In this study, we report achieving more than − 7.8 dB of intensity-difference squeezing (IDS) in two-mode squeezed states from hot 85Rb vapor and − 5.0 dB from hot 87Rb vapor, utilizing a fiber electro-optic modulator (EOM) within a single home-made diode laser system. By mitigating the effects of undesired multimode from the EOM on the squeezing, we experimentally demonstrated the IDS of 85Rb and 87Rb atoms within a single experimental setup, benefiting from the EOM's ability to provide higher frequency shifts. This advancement may expand the scope of applications for hot atomic-vapor-based quantum technologies, leveraging the capabilities of the EOM.
Effect of Low-Carbohydrate vs Low-Fat Diet Intervention on Visceral Fat in a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Follis Shawna , Landry Matthew , Cunanan Kristen , Stefanick Marcia L. , Ward Catherine , Gardner Christopher
Published: September 2024

Dietary restriction via a healthy low-fat (HLF) diet or a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet vary in their effects on adiposity and metabolism. The HLC diet, but not HLF diet, may preferentially reduce visceral adipose tissue (VAT), the major adipose tissue contributing to metabolic deregulation.
In a 12-month weight loss trial, DIETFITS (Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success), we compared VAT loss between HLF and HLC diets by randomizing adults to either diet. VAT was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Linear mixed models analyzed associations between diet and VAT.
Among 449 participants (60% women; mean age 39 years), VAT loss was significantly greater for those eating the HLC diet compared to the HLF diet at 6 months [10.6cm2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5,16.2] and 12 months (6.3cm2; 95% CI: 0.6,12). Preferential VAT loss was greater in participants eating the HLC diet at 6 months only. Men experienced greater HLC diet-induced VAT loss than women. Insulin secretion status did not modify VAT loss.
HLC diet reduced metabolically harmful VAT, particularly during the first 6 months of diet. Lowering VAT has the potential to reduce risk for cardiometabolic disease. Sex differences should be considered in designing effective dietary interventions.
Effect of Presence of Subsoil Voids on the Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Considering Different Building Structural Systems
Authors: Abdel-Nasser Aya G. , Abdel-Galil Emad Y. , Sallam Ezzaat A.
Published: September 2024

The presence of underground voids beneath reinforced concrete structures causes many problems in settlement under the foundations, which may cause tilting problems and affect the building's stability, especially if these buildings are subjected to seismic loads. In this paper, three-dimensional seismic analyses of RC structures founded on soil containing voids were performed using the finite element method (FEM). Two buildings with the same slab area (20*20) m2 were considered in the analysis. The first building is a six-stories building while the second building is a fifteen-stories building. The buildings were exposed to the ground acceleration for the El-Centro earthquake with a time interval of 0.02 sec. The buildings were rested on clay soil with two different critical locations of weak soil region (underground void) and one analysis on the soil without a void. Several factors that affect the seismic performance of structures, such as void locations, structural systems of the buildings, the effects of infill brick walls, foundation level, and the number of floors were considered. These factors were considered in the analysis to obtain a complete description of the seismic response of the structures constructed on soil with voids to be used in design processes. Based on the results, charts were developed for the seismic response of RC structures built on soil containing voids. These charts could be used in the prediction of the seismic response of structures built on soil with voids.
Preference for Public versus Private Medical Services in Poorer Regions of India?
Authors: Kumar Indrajeet
Published: September 2024

This study examines preference for public versus private medical services in India’s poorest regions. Qualitative and quantitative insights from a primary survey highlight the substandard quality of public healthcare while private services are unaffordable so unreliable public services drive people to seek expensive private sector’s services. Multivariate analysis shows that the burden of medical expenses and regional disparities in access impact the choice of using public or private services. However, despite the challenges, solutions through conditional cash transfers or health insurance to offset out-of-pocket expenses in private facilities limits relief due to the inadequate medical services in rural and remote areas.
The association between triglyceride glucose index-related indices and depression among adults in the United States: NHANES 2005–2018
Authors: Sun Yunyun , Li Liang , Zhang Jianmin , Wei Kangkang
Published: September 2024

Background
It has been established that the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is associated with depression. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether combining TyG with obesity indices could show a stronger association with depression.
Methods
Based on the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this large cross-sectional study analyzed a total of 14,821 adults. Four main indices were used in the present study: the TyG index, TyG-WC (with waist circumference), TyG-WHtR (with waist-to-height ratio), and TyG-BMI (with body mass index). Using logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and stratified analysis, we rigorously examined the association between TyG-related indices and symptoms of depression. Diagnostic values were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, sensitivity analyses were performed to determine whether the association was robust and consistent.
Results
A positive association was identified between TyG, TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, and TyG-BMI and depression. This association is particularly pronounced among women, individuals with higher education levels, and those with hypertension and diabetes. Compared to the other three indices, TyG-WHtR demonstrated the most significant association with depression after adjusting for all covariates (odds ratio (OR):1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.07–1.37). ROC curves indicated that TyG-WHtR had the highest diagnostic efficacy (AUC: 0.601, 95% CI 0.575–0.610). Sensitivity analyses consistently confirmed the robustness and reliability of the association between TyG-related indices and depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
Among American adults, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-BMI showed a positive and non-linear association with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that TyG-WHtR offered superior precision and sensitivity in evaluating this association compared to TyG alone, TyG-WC, and TyG-BMI.
Impact of control interventions on malaria incidence in the general population of Mali
Authors: Cissoko Mady , Sagara Issaka , Guindo Abdoulaye , Dembélé Pascal , Bationo Cedric S. , Dieng Sokhna , Diarra Issa , Katilé Abdoulaye , Traoré Diahara , Dessaye Nadine , Gaudart Jean
Published: September 2024

The recent increase in malaria incidence and the reduction of funding for malaria control have highlighted the need to step up efforts in the fight against malaria in Mali. To further refine the malaria control strategy implemented in the country, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of control interventions on malaria incidence in the general population. Malaria and rainfall data were collected for the 75 health districts of Mali for the period from April 2017 to March 2022. The impact of the different control interventions on malaria incidence in the general population was assessed at the health district level using a Generalized Additive Mixed Model adjusted rainfall variability and location. Although coverage rates varied widely between health districts, all interventions showed an improvement in coverage over the study period. The interventions that had the greatest impact on incidence were long-lasting insecticidal net mass distribution (LLIN) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), with a reduction rate around 2‰ for a coverage rate between from 30–79% for and 30–80% for SMC. The main interventions were found to be effective for controlling malaria at the district level. But the country remains far from the pre-elimination level the National Malaria Control Program should reinforce by rapid and free access to diagnostic and treatment through community health workers, optimize stratification to tailor interventions to local context, and develop new strategies reducing the malaria reservoir such as mass drug administration and vaccination.
Pim1 induces M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophage and aggravates sepsis by upregulating glycolysis
Authors: shang xue , sun zhirong , Wang Huihui , Liu Yi , yang fan , zhu yun
Published: September 2024

Peritoneal macrophages play a crucial role in sepsis and the resulting organ damage. However, the precise mechanism through which peritoneal macrophages contribute to sepsis remains incompletely understood. The scRNA-seq and RNA-seq have revealed that the septic environment can enhance glycolysis and promote M1 polarization in peritoneal macrophages. Pim1 is a key player in this process. Inhibiting Pim1 expression effectively mitigates glycolysis in macrophages and reduces M1 polarization. As a transcription factor, C-Myc interacts with Pim1, regulating its protein expression and phosphorylation levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments have confirmed that C-Myc binds to the promoter region of crucial glycolytic genes, enhancing gene transcription and glycolysis. Administration of a Pim1 inhibitor in CLP mice can alleviate glycolysis and M1 polarization in peritoneal macrophages, thereby effectively reducing lung injury. We identified that sepsis-induced Pim1 promotes the transcription of glycolytic genes and M1 polarization in macrophages by modulating c-Myc phosphorylation levels, exacerbating sepsis-related lung injury. This study provided novel insights into M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophage during the infection and revealed potential molecular and metabolic targets for the regulation of sepsis.
Mapping environmental exposure and AMR from antimicrobial production, consumption and disposal in Baddi, India
Authors: Panwar Amishi , Uluseker Cansu , Negi Gian Singh , Lambert Helen
Published: September 2024

Background
This paper delves into the supply chain of antibiotics in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, highlighting the potential environmental and human health impacts of antimicrobial production, consumption, and disposal. Antibiotic residues in the environment contribute to the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing significant risks to public health and ecological systems. Understanding how antibiotics enter the environment during their lifecycle is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative interviews with stakeholders and community members, and quantitative analysis of sales data. Interviews with manufacturers, healthcare providers, and waste management officials provided insights into practices and perceptions related to antibiotic use and disposal. Sales data of four locally manufactured or packaged antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed to trace their journey through the supply chain and identify potential points of environmental entry for antibiotic residues.
Results
The study identified several critical points in the antibiotic supply chain where residues could enter the environment, including manufacturing discharge, improper disposal practices by consumers, and inadequate waste management systems. The analysis revealed an increase in antibiotic consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbating the potential environmental burden. Key areas requiring oversight and management were highlighted, such as the need for better waste treatment facilities and stricter regulatory controls.
Conclusions
This research emphasizes the urgent need for a coordinated response at both state and national levels to enhance environmental monitoring, improve waste management practices, and strengthen regulatory frameworks in India. Addressing these issues is essential to mitigate the growing threat of AMR and protect both environmental and human health. The findings advocate for comprehensive strategies involving multiple stakeholders to ensure sustainable management of antibiotics throughout their lifecycle.
MRI-based and metabolomics-based age scores act synergetically for mortality prediction shown by multi-cohort federated learning
Authors: Bron Esther , Mateus Pedro , Garst Swier , Yu Jing , Cats Davy , Harms Alexander , Birhanu Mahlet , Beekman Marian , Slagboom Eline , Reinders Marcel , Grond Jeroen van der , Dekker Andre , Jansen Jacobus , Beran Magdalena , Schram Miranda , Visser Pieter Jelle , Moonen Justine , Ghanbari Mohsen , Roshchupkin Gennady , Vojinovic Dina , Bermejo Inigo , Mei Hailiang
Published: September 2024

Biological age scores are an emerging tool to characterize aging by estimating chronological age based on physiological biomarkers. Various scores have shown associations with aging-related outcomes. This study assessed the relation between an age score based on brain MRI images (BrainAge) and an age score based on metabolomic biomarkers (MetaboAge). We trained a federated deep learning model to estimate BrainAge in three cohorts. The federated BrainAge model yielded significantly lower error for age prediction across the cohorts than locally trained models. Harmonizing the age interval between cohorts further improved BrainAge accuracy. Subsequently, we compared BrainAge with MetaboAge using federated association and survival analyses. The results showed a small association
between BrainAge and MetaboAge as well as a higher predictive value for the time to mortality of both scores combined than for the individual scores. Hence, our study suggests that both aging scores capture different aspects of the aging process.
REFOS: Solar Soft X-ray Spectrophotometer on board Nanosatellite
Authors: Reva Anton , Kuzin Sergey , Pertsov Andrey , Kirichenko Alexey , Dyatkov Sergey , Loboda Ivan , Chervinsky Viktor , Kholodilov Anton , Trifonov Alexey , Bogachev Sergey , Chumak Sergei
Published: September 2024

In this work, we describe the design and flight performance of the REFOS instrument (from Russian REntgenovskiy FOto Spektrometr; in English "X-ray Photo Spectrometer"). REFOS is a soft X-ray spectrophotometer that registers full-disk integrated solar spectra (“Sun as a star”). It operates on board the Impulse-1 nanosatellite, which was launched on 24 June 2023. REFOS has a 1.2 – 30 keV spectral range, a 0.123 keV nominal full width at half-maximum (FWHM) resolution at 5.9 keV, and a cadence of 16 s. We illustrate the instrument flight performance using the spectra of the X5.0 flare that occurred on 31 December 2023 at 21:55 UT. For this flare, REFOS registered a meaningful signal in all of its energy bins. During the flare impulsive phase, the instrument clearly distinguishes non-thermal emission. During the flare peak, the spectrum exhibits signatures of the non-Maxwellian electron distribution. The observed continuum allows diagnosing the plasma temperature, and the observed spectral lines allow studying abundances of the Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni.
Research on Optimizing Top-k Route Queries Based on Pruning by Moving Distance
Authors: Zou Zhiwen , Wang Fei
Published: September 2024

In navigation planning, users usually prioritize routes that meet their personal-ized needs, considering factors such as path length, path cost, and coverage of points of interest. Multi-keyword top-k optimal route query (k-ORCSK) is a type of query used to plan such routes. However, as the scale of road networks continues to expand, the number of nodes and edges that need to be processed increases significantly. Additionally, considering different combinations of query keywords leads to increased complexity in the query process as the number of keywords grows. To address these limitations, an optimal query algorithm named the Moving Distance Pruning Algorithm (MDPA) is proposed. The MDPA algorithm initially decomposes the complex road network into multiple parts, reducing memory overhead by storing the path weights within each part. It then employs strategies such as moving distance pruning and global priority to prune candidate paths, optimizing existing algorithms. Experiments on several real road networks demonstrate that the MDPA algorithm can more effectively provide higher quality results and exhibits good scalability. The proposal and optimization of the MDPA algorithm offer an effective approach for handling large-scale road networks and complex query tasks, providing a more reliable and efficient solution for personalized navigation planning.
Relationship of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears with Proximal Tibial Morphology and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Çamur Eren , Duran Semra
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between proximal tibial morphology (PTM) and medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT), and to evaluate the association between medial meniscal extrusion amount (MMEA) and osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with MMPRT.
Material and method: This retrospective study analyzed knee MRIs of 100 patients with MMPRT and 100 age, gender, side paired controls. Medial posterior tibial slope angle (MPTSA), mediolateral length (MLL), medial anteroposteiror width (MAW), lateral anteroposteiror width (LAW), were used to evaluate PTM . MMEA and tear gap (TG) correlation and their relationship with knee OA severity was assessed.
Results: MPTSA was significantly higher in MMPRT group compared to controls (p<0.001). Moderate positive correlation was found between MMEA and OA severity (R2=0.445, p<0.001). Cartilage loss was observed when MMEA exceeded 4 mm (sensitivity: 80.68%; specificity: 83.33%). MMEA increased by 1.10 mm for each 1 mm increase in TG.
Conclusion: This groundbreaking study reveals that steeper medial tibial plateau is a significant risk factor for MMPRT. Strikingly, MMEA exceeding 4 mm serves as a critical threshold for cartilage loss, potentially revolutionizing treatment decisions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of MMPRT pathomechanics but also provide crucial insights for early intervention strategies, potentially altering the course of OA progression in patients with MMPRT.
High-temperature Daqu of different colors from the Zibo region of China: Analysis of microbial community structure, physicochemical characteristics, and enzymatic activities
Authors: Cui Mengjun , Hou Qiangchuan , Wang Yurong , Zhao Xinhe , Xin Chunhui , Xu Ling , Guo Zhuang
Published: September 2024

In this study, PacBio SMRT sequencing technology was employed to analyze the microbial community structure of high-temperature Daqu (HTD) of different colors. Subsequently, the physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activities of different types of HTD were measured, and the correlation of these factors with microbial communities was analyzed. Compared with White HTD, Black HTD had a significantly higher density, hardness, water content, water activity, etc (P < 0.05). Sequencing analysis revealed that the key bacterial and fungal groups in Black HTD were Kroppenstedtia sanguinis and Thermoascus crustaceus, with an average relative abundance of 42.97% and 67.32%, respectively. Meanwhile, White HTD was dominated by the bacterium Weissella confusa and fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus, which had an average relative abundance of 18.23% and 35.55%, respectively. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the microbial community structure of White HTD had higher stability. Subsequently, α- and β-diversity analyses revealed significant differences in the bacterial and fungal community structures of Black and White HTD (P < 0.05). Finally, correlation analysis demonstrated that the relationship between microorganisms and physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activities was stronger in White HTD. These results offer a scientific basis for the standardization of HTD production.
Sociodemographic determinants of the level of physical activity in residents of eastern Poland
Authors: BERGIER MICHAŁ , BERGIER BARBARA , Rocha Paulo , Niźnikowska Ewelina , Szepeluk Adam , Tomczyszyn Dorota , Baj-Korpak Joanna , Stelmach Marian
Published: September 2024

Background
Post-industrial societies that benefit from the development of science, technology and subsequent inventions that relieve people of everyday duties, on the one hand, have more free time, but on the other hand face a greater temptation of laziness and lack of physical activity. Common diseases increasingly resulting from limited physical activity (PA) mean that physical activity is no longer just a way to spend free time, but a necessity in the field of health care. This necessity obliges us to undertake research that allows for recognizing factors influencing the level of physical activity in individual societies.
Objective
The conducted research aimed at identifying sociodemographic factors that would determine the level of physical activity in women and men from the Biała Podlaska district in eastern Poland.
Participants
The group consisted of 173 adults, including 71 women and 102 men from eastern Poland.
Methods
The presented research was conducted in the years 2018–2020 as part of the international EUPASMOS Plus project. The collected sociodemographic data of the respondents and the results of physical activity monitoring with the use of the GPAQ questionnaire and the RM42 accelerometer − 24/7 allowed for an analysis of the factors determining the physical activity undertaken by the respondents, as well as the comparison of the obtained data with the use of the above-mentioned tools.
Results
The results of the research on sociodemographic factors conditioning the physical activity of the examined persons, obtained from the objective tool (Acceleromete RM42) and a subjective one for measuring physical activity (GPAQ questionnaire) showed some discrepancies. However, the established consistency of the research results using the above-mentioned tools allows for formulating the following conclusions: women from the Biała Podlaska district are more active than men. Older people more often undertake PA of lower intensity, giving up high-intensity efforts. The respondents declaring a higher subjective assessment of their health are more physically active.
Conclusions
The results obtained are varied and depend on the used tool. They indicate an enormous importance of the tool used in the study on physical activity.
Using dead-reckoning to track movements and map burrows of fossorial species
Authors: Redcliffe James , Boulerice Jesse , Namir Itai , Wilson Rory , McShea William J. , Shamon Hila
Published: September 2024

Background
Researching the movement patterns of fossorial animals and mapping of burrow systems presents a significant challenge due to the difficulty of direct observation and the limitations of most tracking systems to collect location fixes underground. A potential solution is using archival tags combined with dead-reckoning, a technique employed in nautical navigation to track animal movement underwater and through dense vegetation. However, this method has not yet been applied to the mapping of complex burrow systems in fossorial species. Our study aims to test this approach by using accelerometers and magnetometers attached to collars on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) The goal was to determine if dead-reckoning, based on vectors derived from speed and heading data, could accurately track prairie dog movements and, by extension, map the structure of their burrows. To evaluate this method, we deployed 12 tags on wild animals and recoded acceleration and magnetometer data at 40Hz and 16 Hz respectively.. Animals were forced to move through artificial burrows, plastic tubes, whose shape was known prior to tracking of wild movements. The former was used to validate dead reckoning trajectory estimation. We compared the accuracy of five techniques for estimating speed: Vectoral Dynamic Body Acceleration (VeDBA), Vectorial Static Body Acceleration (VeSBA), step count, and constant speed.
Results
Acceleration signals reliably indicated traveling behavior. Among the methods tested, the Vectorial sum of Dynamic Body Acceleration (VeDBA) proved to be the most accurate proxy for speed, with the smallest mean error. Additionally, the dead-reckoning process demonstrated sufficient precision, with an mean error of 15.38 cm, providing a clear representation of animal movements and the layout of burrows in free-roaming prairie dogs. The animals generally moved at speeds ranging from 0.01 to 1.42 m/s.
Conclusions
This work highlights the importance of dead-reckoning in studying space use by fossorial animals, essential for understanding how they interact with their environment, including vegetation and topography. Beyond environmental context, analyzing the specifics of animal movement—such as path tortuosity, speed, step lengths, and turn angles—is crucial for insights into species diffusion, foraging strategies, and vigilance. Additionally, research on immovable burrows offers a model for "city" construction, as prairie dog burrow networks, including ventilation, high-speed sections, predator escape routes, gathering spots, storage, and sleeping areas giving us a unique insight into the species societal needs and better predict the spread of disease.
The roles of feedback loops in the Caenorhabditis elegans rhythmic forward locomotion
Authors: Fang Tao , Zhao Peng , Wang Boyang , Rong Yi , Yuan Ye , Liu Jian , Huo Hong , Liu Zhuyong , Li Zhaoyu
Published: September 2024

Rhythmic behaviors are of paramount importance in biological systems, particularly in animal locomotion. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying these behaviors remain incompletely understood. While the central pattern generator has been instrumental in explaining many rhythmic locomotion patterns, it is insufficient to account for the flexible tunability of frequency and amplitude in certain oscillatory movements. This suggests the involvement of additional, less understood circuits. This study employs calcium imaging and neuromechanical modeling to investigate the circuit mechanism responsible for sinusoidal forward locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that a feedback loop circuit, consisting of motoneurons and muscles, governs the generation of oscillations and regulates rhythmic forward movement. This circuit is composed of both negative and positive feedback pathways, which together regulate oscillation dynamics. The negative feedback loop includes the muscle-to-motoneuron inhibitory signal, determining oscillation generation, whereas the positive feedback loop incorporates proprioceptive feedback from muscles to motoneurons. These feedback loops coordinate to modulate oscillation turnability, directing oscillatory activities into three distinct patterns: stable oscillation, unilateral oscillation, and non-oscillation. The oscillatory behavior of C. elegans typically involves a rhythmic alternation of dorsal and ventral muscles. Our neuromechanical model of the functional oscillatory unit reveals that asymmetric inputs from interneurons to motoneurons, as well as asymmetric connections from motoneurons to muscles, are essential for this switching mechanism. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the established role of central pattern generators, circuits formed by both positive and negative feedback loops may contribute to the generation of more flexible and modulatory rhythmic behaviors.
Predicting 30-Day hospital readmission using Hospital score and Lace index in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abbas Manzar , Arshad Hajra , Mahar Muhammad Umar , Hassan Javerya , Tahir Izza , Aziz Namra , Jafri Lena , Riaz Mehmood , Almas Aysha
Published: September 2024

Objectives
Unplanned hospital readmissions not only negatively impact patients' quality of life but also pose a substantial burden on both the hospital and the individual. Hence, there is a growing need to identify and prevent avoidable readmissions, aiming to reduce mortality and enhance the quality of care. LACE and HOSPITAL scores are widely used tools to assess the risk of readmission. This study was conducted to determine if the HOSPITAL score and LACE index are fair predictors of 30-day readmission in adult patients admitted to the internal medicine service at a tertiary care centre in a Lower-Middle Income Country (LMIC) like Pakistan.
Design
This study employed a cross-sectional study design.
Setting
The study includes records of all patients admitted to the internal medicine service at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan during 5 years (2015–2020).
Participants
This study involved 38,602 patients, aged 18 and above who were admitted to internal medicine service through the emergency room or electively.
Outcome measures
Readmission to hospital within 30 days
Results
The study included a total of 38,602 unique patients, among whom 7.1% (2,822) were readmitted within 30 days of their index admission. The mean age of all patients was 55.8 years, (S.D. = 18.9), with males constituting 46.1% (n = 17,797). Patients readmitted within 30 days demonstrated a higher mean LACE index compared to those not readmitted (9.1 vs. 7.58, p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean HOSPITAL score was higher in patients readmitted within 30 days compared to those not readmitted (3.37 vs. 2.69, p < 0.001). An ROC (Receiver operating characteristic curve) evaluation of the LACE index and HOSPITAL score for this population showed a C statistic of 0.657 (95% CI) and 0.655, respectively, for hospital readmission
Conclusions
The LACE index and HOSPITAL scores demonstrated fair discrimination in predicting readmissions, suggesting their potential for improving early detection and intervention strategies to mitigate such occurrences. This study underscores the importance of developing and validating predictive models across various hospitals, taking into account the complex healthcare landscape of LMICs.