bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient method for computing Green's functions for a layered half-space with sources and receivers at close depths
Authors: Hisada Yoshiaki
Published: September 2021

We propose an analytical method to compute efficiently the displacement and stress of static and dynamic Green's functions for viscoelastic layered half-spaces. When source and receiver depths are close, it is difficult to compute Green's functions of the layered half-space, because their integrands, whose variable of integration is the horizontal wavenumber, oscillate with only slowly decreasing amplitude. In particular, when the depths are equal, it is extremely difficult to compute the stress Green's functions, because their integrands oscillate with increasing amplitude. To remedy this problem, we first derive the asymptotic solutions, which converge to the integrands of Green's functions with increasing wavenumber. For this purpose, we modify the generalized R/T (reflection and transmission) coefficient method (Luco and Apsel; 1983) to be completely free from growing exponential terms, which are the obstacles to finding the asymptotic solutions. By subtracting the asymptotic solutions from the integrands of the corresponding Green's functions, we obtain integrands that converge rapidly to zero. We can, therefore, significantly reduce the range of wavenumber integration. Since the asymptotic solutions are expressed by the products of Bessel functions and simple exponential functions, they are analytically integrable. Finally, we obtain accurate Green's functions by adding together numerical and analytical integrations. We first show this asymptotic technique for Green's functions due to point sources, and extend it to Green's functions due to dipole sources. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and efficiency of our method for various cases.
Variations in noise and signal levels in a pair of deep boreholes near Amarillo, Texas
Authors: Young Christopher J. , Chael Eric P. , Zagar David A. , Carter Jerry A.
Published: September 2021

To better understand the depth dependence of improvements in signal-to-noise ratio for borehole seismic data, we have collected and analyzed a data set recorded from a pair of high-fidelity, broadband (1 to 80 Hz) seismometers sited in two closely separated deep boreholes near Amarillo, Texas. The total decrease (surface to 1951 m) in minimum noise level is up to 30 dB; the total decrease in maximum noise level is up to 35 dB; and the range of noise values (maximum to minimum) at a given depth decreases from 30 to 10 dB. The majority of the noise reduction occurs within the first few hundred meters below the surface, but the decrease continues with depth and there is no indication that even lower noise levels do not exist below our deepest recording depth (1951 m). Cultural work-day noise (prominent during normal working hours) from 0 to 40 Hz is observed at all depths, suggesting a strong body-wave component. Wind-generated 15 to 60-Hz noise is strongest at the surface, and is observed as deep as 367 m without a properly shielded hole. With the addition of shielding to reduce the coupling between the borehole casing and/or cable with the wind, wind-generated noise above 40 Hz can be eliminated at 367 m. Events with near-vertical propagation paths and signal power above 1 Hz show signal strength decreasing uphole, with a steady winnowing of high frequencies that can be fit by a simple frequency-independent Q of 35.5 ± 8 for the material between 1951 and 367 m.
A satellite-based seismic and volcanic monitoring system for Colombia
Authors: Buchbinder Goetz G. R. , Sarria Alberto
Published: September 2021

A satellite-based seismic network with 13 sites has been installed in Colombia. Each site has one vertical short-period seismometer. The purpose of the network is 2-fold and complementary: a number of the sites are on or near active volcanoes in order to give warnings in case of recurring volcanic activity, and all the stations will create the foundation of a national Colombian Seismic Network. The satellite links have room to accommodate a future expansion to 24 sites. All the data are sent continuously to Bogota by satellite, for analysis. To aid in the volcano monitoring, a visual record is produced for each site. In addition, continuous data or optionally triggered events are stored on disks. An associated analysis system determines epicentral parameters for the earthquakes that are occurring in Colombia and then produces earthquake catalogs.
The Gutenberg-Richter or characteristic earthquake distribution, which is it?
Authors: Wesnousky Steven G.
Published: September 2021

Paleoearthquake and fault slip-rate data are combined with the CIT-USGS catalog for the period 1944 to 1992 to examine the shape of the magnitude-frequency distribution along the major strike-slip faults of southern California. The resulting distributions for the Newport-Inglewood, Elsinore, Garlock, and San Andreas faults are in accord with the characteristic earthquake model of fault behavior. The distribution observed along the San Jacinto fault satisfies the Gutenberg-Richter relationship. If attention is limited to segments of the San Jacinto that are marked by the rupture zones of large historical earthquakes or distinct steps in fault trace, the observed distribution along each segment is consistent with the characteristic earthquake model. The Gutenberg-Richter distribution observed for the entirety of the San Jacinto may reflect the sum of seismicity along a number of distinct fault segments, each of which displays a characteristic earthquake distribution. The limited period of instrumental recording is insufficient to disprove the hypothesis that all faults will display a Gutenberg-Richter distribution when averaged over the course of a complete earthquake cycle. But, given that (1) the last 5 decades of seismicity are the best indicators of the expected level of small to moderate-size earthquakes in the next 50 years, and (2) it is generally about this period of time that is of interest in seismic hazard and engineering analysis, the answer to the question posed in the title of the article, at least when concerned with practical implementation of seismic hazard analysis at sites along these major faults, appears to be the “characteristic earthquake distribution.”
A hybrid recurrence model and its implication on seismic hazard results
Authors: Wu Shen-Chyun , Cornell C. Allin , Winterstein Steven R.
Published: September 2021

To account for the effects of the characteristic earthquakes on an individual fault (segment), a renewal hybrid model is proposed for seismic hazard analysis and studied in depth. This model incorporates a renewal-time, characteristic-magnitude model for larger earthquakes with the conventional exponential-time, exponential-magnitude model for smaller earthquakes. Properties of important temporal and magnitude parameters are studied. The exact and the approximate (“first-event”) hazards estimated by this model are discussed. The approximate results are found sufficiently accurate for most engineering applications. These approximations can be obtained by making minor modifications to existing hazard analysis programs designed for traditional Poisson models. Hazard estimates of this model and other more complicated hybrid models, e.g., time- and slip-predictable models, are compared. For reasonable parameter values, the characteristic events are found to be the major contributor to seismic hazards in most cases, unless the source-site distance is very small. This effect is even stronger with a large elapsed time in a nonmemoryless interarrival time distribution. Based on previous findings of small values of the coefficients of variation in time and low correlations between the interarrival times and magnitudes among characteristic earthquakes, the proposed renewal hybrid model will produce hazard estimates close to those of more complicated non-Poissonian models.
Strong ground motion from the Uttarkashi, Himalaya, India, earthquake: Comparison of observations with synthetics using the composite source model
Authors: Yu G. , Khattri K. N. , Anderson J. G. , Brune J. N. , Zeng Y.
Published: September 2021

The Uttarkashi earthquake of 19 October 1991 (MS = 7.0) occurred in the greater Himalayan region north of the main central thrust, at an estimated depth of 12 km. The fault plane solution indicates a low-angle thrust mechanism, striking northwest, consistent with the tectonic pattern of thrusting in the region. Aftershocks define a belt parallel to, and north of, the surface trace of the main central thrust, roughly 10-km wide and 30-km long. The mainshock is located at the northeast edge of this zone. The earthquake was recorded on 13 strong-motion accelerographs at distances ranging from 25 to 150 km from the epicenter. One station at Bhatwari (peak horizontal acceleration of 272 cm sec−2) is above the aftershock zone. The maximum peak horizontal acceleration was about 313 cm sec−2 at Uttarkashi, at an epicentral distance of 36 km.

The amplitudes and frequency content of the strong ground motions are more or less consistent with expectations for an earthquake of this magnitude in California. Synthetics generated using the composite source model and synthetic Green's functions (Zeng et al., 1994a, b) are successful in producing acceleration, velocity, and displacement with a realistic appearance and the correct statistical properties of the two accelerograms recorded nearest the fault (Bhatwari and Uttarkashi). To produce these, we introduced trial-and-error modifications of the layered-medium velocity model within uncertainties. At more distant stations, we first used the velocity structure that worked for the two nearest stations. Differences emphasize the large potential role of unknown site and wave-propagation effects. For the station at Tehri, we explored different velocity models, and found one there that was also quite successful. We then used these two velocity models to predict strong ground motions at Bhatwari and Tehri, from a potential magnitude 8.5 earthquake filling part of the seismic gap along the Himalayan frontal faults. The synthetics show peak accelerations that are only somewhat larger than those in the Uttarkashi event, but much longer durations and increased amplitudes of response spectra at long periods.
Observations of Q from the northwest Pacific subduction zone recorded at teleseismic distances
Authors: Sharrock D. S. , Main I. G. , Douglas A.
Published: September 2021

Twenty-seven earthquakes in the northwest Pacific, with mb ≧ 5.4, are used to study upper-mantle attenuation. The data were recorded at seismometer arrays in Australia, Canada, India, and Scotland. The short-period instruments used in the arrays are sufficiently broadband, and the signal-to-noise enhancement resulting from beamforming the data is good enough, that seismic noise is above system noise out to between 3 and 5 Hz, and in some cases to 8 Hz. The instrument response has been removed and a power law (ω−2) farfield source correction has been assumed and applied. The remaining fall-off in the spectra above 1 Hz (which is above the corner frequency fc) is assumed to be due to attenuation, including losses due both to anelasticity and to scattering. An ω−3 spectral fall-off, preferred by some, would result in lower estimates of attenuation. Conservative estimates of the average attenuation along the whole path have been made from the spectral fall-off. Despite the imperfect knowledge of the source spectra, the high sensitivity of spectral amplitudes to attenuation at high frequencies yields quite reliable and stable attenuation estimates. The scatter in the data is small, resulting in estimates of mean t* (tAV*) with an average standard error of only 21%, where tAV* is defined as the ratio of the travel time T to the effective mean quality factor QAV. Only 14 of the 64 measurements show a tAV* above 0.5 sec within the given error bounds. All estimates of tAV* and QAV refer to P-wave attenuation only. The results for tAV* from the northwest Pacific subduction zone cannot be explained simply by the traditional high-Q subducting slab in a low-Q upper mantle. A low-Q region in the uppermost 100 km (approximately) of the subduction zone has been identified. Source-corrected tAV* yield upper-mantle QAV estimates of about 1200 for predominantly oceanic paths (Australia and India) and 1500 for mixed continental and oceanic paths (Canada and Scotland).
Dipping structure under Dourbes, Belgium, determined by receiver function modeling and inversion
Authors: Zhang Jie , Langston Charles A.
Published: September 2021

Teleseismic broadband P and S waves recorded at the NARS station NE06 (Dourbes, Belgium) are shown to exhibit strong anomalous particle motion not attributable to instrument miscalibration or malfunction. Azimuthally varying radial and tangential components have been observed on 38 recordings after vector rotation of horizontal P waves into the ray direction. The tangenital P waves attain amplitudes comparable to the radial components from the east with negative polarity and west with positive polarity, but tend to be zero in the north and south, suggesting major discontinuities in the crust dipping southward. The SH wave from the east contains a large SPmP phase, an S-to-P conversion at the free surface and then reflected back to the surface from the Moho. The polarity of this SPmP phase presents further evidence for a southward-dipping Moho.

We employ ray theory for three-dimensionally dipping interfaces to compute the P-wave response. Linear inverse theory with smoothness constraints is applied to the simultaneous inversions of P-wave receiver functions for four different backazimuths. Through the progressive change of interface strike and dip and the inversion of layer shear-wave velocities, a dipping crustal model that is consistent with both the observed waveforms and results of previous local geophysical surveys has been determined. The results suggest a large velocity contrast in the shallow structure near the surface, another major interface at a depth of 12 km with dip of 10°, and a seismically transparent unit below the interface. The interface at a depth of 12 km reportedly emerges at the Midi fault 50 km north of the station NE06.
Determination of earthquake source parameters using a hybrid global search algorithm
Authors: Hartzell Stephen , Liu Pengcheng
Published: September 2021

A hybrid global optimization algorithm using a combination of simulated annealing and downhill simplex methods is used to invert teleseismic body waves for earthquake source parameters. Time-domain constraints on the source-time function, inversion for double-couple parameters rather than moment tensor elements, and consideration of multiple sources lead to a nonlinear and multimodal problem, in which the objective function contains many local minima. Traditional approaches that linearize the problem and use iterative least squares are dependent on the starting model and the order in which multiple sources are processed, and can converge to a local minimum. Also, grid searches are impractical for the number of parameters we treat simultaneously. The hybrid global method provides an attractive alternative because it converges to the global minimum of a prescribed objective function and can be used to invert for multiple sources simultaneously. Model parameter constraints are easy to incorporate into the global search process, if they are desired.

A multiple point-source parameterization of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake is used as an example of the inversion method. Rupture in this earthquake occurred along three main fault segments: the Johnson Valley fault, the Homestead fault, and the Emerson/Rock Creek faults. We invert for the strike, dip, and rake of each source, the time separation of the sources, and the farfield source-time function of each source. Parameters obtained from the inversion are consistent with field observations and the results of other investigations. Strikes vary consistently with the trend of the surface ruptures. The dip is near 90° along the entire length of the rupture, and the rake is nearly pure right-lateral strike slip. The estimated moment is 7.6 × 1026 dyne-cm. The continuity of the moment release across the junction of the Homestead and Emerson faults suggests that these two faults may be more continuous at depth than at the surface. Moment release in the transition from the Johnson Valley to the Homestead faults is complex, indicating a complicated time history of faulting and a less direct relationship between the primary mapped faults.
A probabilistic approach to ground-motion selection for engineering design
Authors: Chapman Martin C.
Published: September 2021

The solutions of many earthquake engineering problems involve dynamic analyses using ground-motion time series. It is often desirable to base the selection of such motions on a probabilistic estimate of the seismic hazard. The hazard density function evaluated at a chosen hazard level provides the information necessary to determine objectively the most likely earthquake events, defined by magnitude and distance, that contribute to seismic hazard. For a wide range of hazard models it is possible to show that the difference between the median motion at a site, given the occurrence of the most likely event, and the motion value corresponding to a specified hazard level, is due entirely to the modeling of random error in the strong-motion data set. This points to a straightforward approach to selecting ground-motion recordings that represent the most likely time-domain realizations of the hazard model for a given motion parameter and hazard level. Ground-motion time series selection and/or synthesis based upon this approach, for various frequency bands of the response spectrum, can provide an optimum basis for seismic design.
Evaluation of local site effects and their removal from borehole records observed in the Sendai region, Japan
Authors: Satoh Toshimi , Kawase Hiroshi , Sato Toshiaki
Published: September 2021

We present results from a borehole observation network composed of 12 borehole sites deployed in a 20 × 20 km area in the Sendai region, Japan. The subsurface Quaternary layers vary with each site, but a Pliocene layer is commonly underlying at a depth of 0 to 80 m throughout the Sendai region. We define this Pliocene layer, whose S-wave velocity is larger than 500 m/sec and whose N value of the standard penetration test is greater than 50, as an engineering bedrock in the region. Once we characterize ground motions at the engineering bedrock, we can either use these motions directly in the response analysis of whole soil-building systems or use them in the nonlinear analysis of soft soil layers as an input. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the local site effects due to surface layers overlying the engineering bedrock and to remove them by using one-dimensional (1D) soil models whose properties are determined by weak-motion records of 18 events. First we identify S-wave velocities and frequency-dependent quality factors Q from amplification factors between surface records and borehole records observed at 10 sites at depths of several tens of meters. The identified S-wave velocities are very close to S-wave logging values. The identified Q values show strong frequency dependence, proportional to f(0.46 to 1.16), where f is frequency. We confirm that the observed amplification factors in the frequency range from about 0.1 to 20 Hz can be explained well by the theoretical ones based on the 1D wave propagation theory with the identified S-wave velocities and Q. Then we estimate the so-called engineering bedrock waves, which are supposed to be observed on the outcrop of the engineering bedrock, from borehole records by using the 1D models with these identified soil constants. We confirm that local site effects due to surface layers overlying the engineering bedrock are properly removed so that we have similar characteristics in the resultant engineering bedrock waves from records at different sites.
Nonlinear behavior of soil sediments identified by using borehole records observed at the Ashigra Valley, Japan
Authors: Satoh Toshimi , Sato Toshiaki , Kawase Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

We evaluate the nonlinear behavior of soil sediments during strong ground shaking based on the identification of their S-wave velocities and damping factors for both the weak and strong motions observed on the surface and in a borehole at Kuno in the Ashigara Valley, Japan. First we calculate spectral ratios between the surface station KS2 and the borehole station KD2 at 97.6 m below the surface for the main part of weak and strong motions. The predominant period for the strong motion is apparently longer than those for the weak motions. This fact suggests the nonlinearity of soil during the strong ground shaking. To quantify the nonlinear behavior of soil sediments, we identify their S-wave velocities and damping factors by minimizing the residual between the observed spectral ratio and the theoretical amplification factor calculated from the one-dimensional wave propagation theory. The S-wave velocity and the damping factor h (≈(2Q)−1) of the surface alluvial layer identified from the main part of the strong motion are about 10% smaller and 50% greater, respectively, than those identified from weak motions. The relationships between the effective shear strain (=65% of the maximum shear strain) calculated from the one-dimensional wave propagation theory and the shear modulus reduction ratios or the damping factors estimated by the identification method agree well with the laboratory test results. We also confirm that the soil model identified from a weak motion overestimates the observed strong motion at KS2, while that identified from the strong motion reproduces the observed. Thus, we conclude that the main part of the strong motion, whose maximum acceleration at KS2 is 220 cm/sec2 and whose duration is 3 sec, has the potential of making the surface soil nonlinear at an effective shear strain on the order of 0.1%. The S-wave velocity in the surface alluvial layer identified from the part just after the main part of the strong motion is close to that identified from weak motions. This result suggests that the shear modulus recovers quickly as the shear strain level decreases.
Apresentando o número especial de Psicolinguística
Authors: Ciríaco Larissa S. , De Sá Thaís M. M. , De Oliveira Cândido S. F.
Published: September 2021

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Objective, or what? Remarks on the ambiguity of the concept of objectivity of values
Authors: Płoszczyniec Antoni
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to problematize the question of what is the ontic objectivity of values. Using the descriptive method and the analytical methods, the author of the text juxtaposes various meanings of the word ‘objective’ that could be assigned to values understood as attributes of specific objects. Often one and the same thing or a trait may be described as either objective or subjective (e.g., pleasure which as a psychic feeling is subjective in nature but at the same time exists effectively and independently from will), resulting in unnecessary paradoxes. Selected cases are analyzed within the text, which concludes in a proposal to organize the concept of objectivity of value.
Оптимальне приймання інформаційних сигналів в умовах дії п’ятикомпонентної завади
Authors: Ананьєва О.М. , Бабаєв М.М. , Давиденко М.Г. , Панченко В.В.
Published: September 2021

Тональні рейкові кола (ТРК) є важливим засобом підтримки безпеки залізничного руху. В складній електромагнітній обстановці інформаційні сигнали ТРК зазнають сильних спотворень від завад різного типу та походження. Це знижує безпеку руху. Розглянуто випадок, коли інформаційний сигнал спостерігають на фоні суми імпульсної завади, завади від тягового перетворювача локомотива, завади від тягового струму та лінії електропередач промислової частоти, завади від суміжного ТРК та широкосмугового гаусівського шуму. Визначено критерій оптимальності завадостійкого приймання інформаційного сигналу. Сформовано цільову функцію відповідно до цього критерію. Вигляд сформованої цільової функції оптимізовано шляхом виключення з неї доданків, які відповідають слабким кореляційним зв’язком як між інформаційним сигналом і завадами, так і завад між собою. В результаті отримано базову обчислювальну структуру, яка має забезпечити завадостійке приймання шляхом сумісної оцінки параметрів інформаційного сигналу та структурно-детермінованих завад
Crossings with Jatra: Bengali Folk-theatre Elements in a Transcultural Representation of Lady Macbeth
Authors: Dutta Gupta Aabrita
Published: September 2021

This paper examines a transcultural dance-theatre focusing on Lady Macbeth, through the lens of eastern Indian Bengali folk-theatre tradition, jatra. The wide range of experimentation with Shakespeare notwithstanding, the idea of an all-female representation is often considered a travesty. Only a few such explorations have earned recognition in contemporary times. One such is the Indian theatre-dance production Crossings: Exploring the facets of Lady Macbeth by Vikram Iyenger, first performed in 2004. Four women representing four facets of Lady Macbeth explore the layered nuances that constitute her through the medium of Indian classical dance and music juxtaposed with Shakespearean dialogues from Macbeth. This paper will argue the possibilities posited by this transgressive re-reading of a major Shakespearean tragedy by concentrating on a possible understanding through a Hindu religious sect —Vaishnavism, as embodied through the medium of jatra. To form a radically new stage narrative in order to bring into focus the dilemma and claustrophobia of Lady Macbeth is perhaps the beginning of a new generation of Shakespeare explorations. Iyenger’s production not only dramatizes the tragedy of Lady Macbeth through folk dramatic tradition, dance and music, but also Indianises it with associations drawn from Indian mythological women like Putana (demoness) and Shakti (sacred feminine).
LABORAR A DOCÊNCIA ENTRE ESPERA E PRESENÇA: UM ESTUDO DA EDUCAÇÃO COMO PERFORMANCE
Authors: Esteves Diego Winck , Adó Máximo Daniel Lamela
Published: September 2021

Este texto propõe perspectivar a docência pela via da performance, tendo em vista que certa noção de espera pode condicionar possibilidades para improvisações numa aula. Trata-se de postular a docência como um fazer que lida com acontecimentos. Todavia, nossa existência se desdobra sobre uma cultura de sentidos, na qual é preciso constituir condições para produzir presenças, visto que os sentidos se impõem a todo o momento. Conjecturamos a espera como este artifício. Trata-se de um jogo onde a performance docente age no limiar entre educação e arte, uma vez que se aloca na interlocução entre o visível e o imprevisível, entre o factível e o improvável, laborando sobre o que passa numa aula, no instante imprevisível do presente.
ENTRE A RUÍNA E O ATELIÊ: UMA IMERSÃO POÉTICA
Authors: Tebaldi Toledo Susana , Silva da Silva Mariana
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um recorte da investigação realizada em uma casa em ruínas, no centro da cidade de Montenegro/RS, como uma imersão poética, que deseja dar a ver as camadas de tempo e espaço que se sobrepõem em um processo artístico cotidiano. Analisando as possibilidades para a criação em arte nesse espaço em transformação, muitas vezes considerado inútil, incômodo e que atrapalha o desenvolvimento do espaço urbano. Ao habitar a casa como um ateliê, propomos alterações e diferentes vivências neste espaço. Considerando, ainda, a forma que as plantas e demais seres dialogam com a casa em ruínas, visualiza-se fissuras nos modos que a arte pode se relacionar com a vida e o cotidiano.
Reivindicando fluxos em contextos de desigualdade
Authors: Camargo Carla Souza de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo se insere no debate acerca do novo panorama de desafios colocados aos modos de vida das populações tradicionais frente a projetos de grande infraestrutura. A partir de uma etnografia dos processos de negociação, articulação e resistências de povos indígenas envolvidos no processo de construção do Eixo Leste da Transposição do Rio São Francisco, o objetivo deste artigo é colocar em discussão como esta obra causa grande instabilidade aos povos tradicionais que habitam o sertão de Itaparica, região de intensa modificação ocasionada pelos grandes projetos de desenvolvimento. O artigo também procura dar visibilidade à ação política dos povos indígenas do sertão de Itaparica, principalmente acerca dos espaços institucionais de negociação sobre a água. Coloca-se em debate como não é possível pensar a ação política dos povos indígenas pela água descolada das reivindicações sobre a terra. Essa ação política caracteriza-se pelas associações com instituições, organizações não governamentais e outras populações tradicionais para, por um lado, discutir, pressionar e garantir as políticas públicas necessárias para a mitigação de impactos e, por outro lado, participar da gestão, avaliação e preservação do Rio São Francisco.
Apresentação
Authors: Schavelzon Salvador
Published: September 2021

Os que leem esta apresentação da tradução do texto “Indigenous Cosmopolitics in the Andes: Conceptual Reflections beyond ‘Politics’”, de Marisol de la Cadena, provavelmente chegaram até aqui interessados pela questão da cosmopolítica. Tal discussão, que crescentemente habita a antropologia feita no Brasil, faz parte de um movimento da disciplina em direção a mundos outros, cada vez mais visíveis em nossas defeituosas ferramentas intelectuais. Esse movimento parte dos mundos cosmopolíticos, dos não humanos e de concepções não modernas e não naturalistas que invadem o pensamento ocidental pelo elo mais fraco, a antropologia – mas não só. O movimento de desocidentalização do pensamento contemporâneo é contundente e vai além do exercício de tolerância, inclusão e reconhecimento de outras vozes e cosmovisões. Trata-se de um movimento em que o próprio Ocidente se entende como cada vez mais cosmopolítico.
Penggunaan Smartphone di Kalangan Anak Petani Desa Pandan Sari kecamatan Tatah Makmur Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Sigit Ruswinarsih,Reski.P Abdul Rahman
Published: September 2021

Pasar merupakan tempat bertemu antara penjual dan pembeli. Berbagai aktivitas jual beli dilakukan Penggunaan Smartphone marak digunakan berbagai kalangan usia mulai dari tua, muda sampai dengan anak-anak yang masih bersekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) untuk mengetahui kebiasaan menggunakan Smartphone di kalangan anak petani. (2) untuk mendeskripsikan pengawasan orang tua kepada anak yang menggunakan Smartphone di Desa Pandan Sari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Sumber data dipilih dengan cara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan langkah-langkah reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kebiasaan menggunakan Smartphone di kalangan anak petani di Desa Pandan Sari terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu; untuk keperluan belajar, sarana hiburan dimana mereka bisa bermain game dan mengakses youtube, serta media komunikasi dimana Smartphone mereka pakai untuk melakukan komunikasi dengan guru dan teman melalui media sosial baik untuk keperluan sekolah ataupun lainnya. (2) pengawasan orang tua kepada anak yang menggunakan Smartphone di Desa Pandan Sari terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu; pendampingan, memberikan batasan,  dan pemberian sanksi, cara orang tua memberikan sanksi kepada anak yang melanggar batasan yaitu dengan menegur disertai dengan nasehat dan peringatan serta menyita Smartphone milik anak.
Kepemimpinan Ketua Angkatan Muda Masjid Al-Jihad Kelurahan Kertak Baru Ulu Kecamatan Banjarmasin Tengah Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Yuli Apriati, Reski.P Taufik Hidayat
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Gaya Kepemimpinan Ketua Angkatan Muda Masjid Al-Jihad (“AMMA”) Dalam Menjalankan Organisasi; (2) Peran Ketua Angkatan Muda Masjid Al-Jihad (“AMMA”) Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Anggotanya.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian  kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer dan sekunder, informan dipilih sebanyak enam belas orang secara purposive sampling. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis kualitatif..Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Gaya Kepemimpinan Ketua Angkatan Muda Masjid Al-Jihad Dalam Menjalankan Organisasi termasuk dalam  Gaya Kepemimpinan Pelatih. (2) Peran Ketua Angkatan Muda Masjid Al-Jihad Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Anggotanya, yaitu ketua “AMMA” memberikan apresiasi kepada anggota yang aktif, mengupayakan kondisi kerja yang baik, membangun hubungan interpersonal yang intensif dengan anggota, serta kebijakan organisasi yang akomodatif.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan kepada : (1) Para pengurus dan anggota “AMMA” untuk lebih aktif lagi dan mampu menyeimbangkan kegiatan dan program kerja “AMMA” yang berisifat sosial Masyarakat dan di Masjid Al- Jihad. (2) Diharapkan Pengurus Masjid Al-Jihad terus mendukung semua program kerja AMMA serta mengusahakan adanya fasilitas kantor sekretariat “AMMA”.
Роз’ємні конструкції паперово-білової продукції: cфера поширення, види, класифікація
Authors: Хмілярчук Ольга Іларіонівна , Клішина Марія Олександрівна
Published: September 2021

Аналіз ринку паперово-білової продукції України та тенденції розвитку роз’ємних конструкцій у світі показав стабільний розвиток даного виду продукції, збільшення обсягу продажів та попиту на оригінальні роз’ємні конструкції.
Загальними показниками видань зі змінними елементами, що відрізняють їх від видань за традиційним способом скріплення ((тобто швейне (нитки або дріт) та клейове)) є такий ряд переваг: можливість зміни елементів, поповнення новими, чистими аркушами та блоками, також є змога змінювати порядок зошитів, сторінок. Окрему нішу займають видання з чистими незадрукованими аркушами.
Для встановлення тенденцій з використання роз’ємних конструкцій паперово-білової продукції, тенденцій їх розвитку у світі проведено аналіз патентування таких видів продукції, а також видань зі змінними елементами блоку. Проведення патентного пошуку було виконано з встановленням предмету пошуку, визначення області пошуку та глибини опрацювання й географії країн. Серед них є також країни-розробники видань, що запатентовані в останні роки, а саме: США, Великобританія, Іспанія, Італія, Німеччина.
Було проаналізовано патенти за різними класами МПК, що включають різновиди конструкцій зі змінними елементами або ж удосконалення елементів кріплення, з’ємних елементів. Також багато розробок знаходяться в таких класах МПК як B42D1, B42D13, B42D17, B42F13, D21H17, G09F1, які напряму не пов’язані з конструкціями поліграфічної продукції. Знайдено більше 70 патентів, що демонструють тенденції у цьому питанні за останні 11 років. Але поглиблений аналіз глибиною понад 50 років показав постійний інтерес до цього питання. Загалом знайдено більше 400 патентів.
За результатами проведеного патентного пошуку та аналізу роз’ємних конструкцій паперово-білової продукції було систематизовано даний вид поліграфічної продукції за категоріями та сформовано класифікацію. Класифікація включає наступні категорії: різновиди за видом основи, за матеріалом скріплення, видом палітурних матеріалів, наявністю задрукованого тексту, видом призначення, його використанням.
Вплив абразивного інструменту та режимів шліфування на рівень контактних температур композиційних самозмащувальних деталей вузлів поліграфічних машин
Authors: Роїк Тетяна Анатоліївна , Гавриш Олег Анатолійович , Штефан Євгеній Васильович , Шостачук Олександр Павлович
Published: September 2021

В статті представлено результати експериментальних досліджень особливостей утворення миттєвих контактних температур при шліфуванні робочих поверхонь композиційних самозмащувальних деталей на основі промислових шліфувальних відходів інструментальних сталей 7ХГ2ВMФ, Р7М2Ф6, 05Х12Н6Д2МФСГТ, призначених для оснащення важконавантажених вузлів тертя поліграфічної техніки. Показано, що при шліфуванні композитів на величину температурного поля в зоні обробки суттєво впливають матеріал абразивного зерна, зернистість інструменту та матеріал зв’язки шліфувального круга. Для формування високих параметрів якості робочих поверхонь деталей з нових композитів рекомендовано застосовувати шліфувальні круги на основі карбіду кремнію зеленого (63С) на гліфталевій зв’язці з зернистістю 14–20 мкм. Це дозволяє уникнути значного підвищення температури в зоні обробки, наслідком чого є істотні фазово-структурні зміни, пластичні деформації та зниження властивостей в поверхневому шарі, та забезпечити стабільно високі параметри якості робочих поверхонь антифрикційних деталей поліграфічних машин.
ON THE CRACK PROPAGATION IN STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND ROCKS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF SYNERGETICS
Authors: Voitenko Yuri , Vapnichna Viktoriia
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of the work is to analyze from the standpoint of the principles of synergetics the experimental results of the destruction of solid polymers, steels and rocks.Methodology: To analyze experimental data on the propagation of fracture cracks during quasi-static and pulse stretching and bending of samples of solid polymers (PMMA), steels and concrete, taking into account the stock of elastic or elastic-plastic energy at the time of failure. Analyze the shape and quantitative characteristics of dissipative structures that are formed in a solid body when the crack propagates through the material.Findings: Analysis of the distribution modes of county and fast trainings in polymeric materials (PMMA), tool steels and concrete according to different schemes and modes of loading samples shows that the abrupt nature of their movement with periodic trading speed of private or zero is the basis of genealogical organization. The nature of this phenomenon is based on the principles of synergetic, which determine the principle of minimum energy production.Originality: It is shown that the patterns of crack propagation in solid polymers, metals and rocks have a synergistic nature. A working hypothesis on the synergetic mechanism of softening and deformation control of brittle dilatation rocks near underground plants is formulated.Practical implications: It is shown that the nature of the distribution of county cracks during PMMA fracturing, as well as rapid cracks during pulse stretching and bending flat samples of PMMA and the capital as a whole are subject to energy principles, in particular the principle of minimum energy production. It is obvious that for the qualitative and quantitative description of structural changes and destructive deformation of rocks near underground cultivations there is a lack of models of solid environment mechanics. In practice, you need to listen to the abrupt nature of the processes and cooperative effects.
Topic modeling of researchers based on their interests from Google Scholar
Authors: Shtovba Serhiy , Petrychko Mykola
Published: September 2021

The article proposes an algorithm for topic modeling of researchers based on their interests from Google Scholar profiles. The algorithm uses the set of fields of research from research classification system ANZSRC. An information resource for topic modeling is a corpus of categorized publications from Dimensions. Interests from researchers’ profiles are used as search queries to Dimensions that outputs distributions of documents over categories. To reduce information noise these distributions are taken through a few stages of processing. The article also compares the results of topic modeling based on interests from Google Scholar profiles and based on a categorized list of publications from Dimensions. The comparison is done using modified Czekanowski metric that takes into account the similarity between categories. The results of comparing the topic modeling outputs based on different information sources show a good match.
Asimetrik Garch Modellerle Riske Maruz Değer (RMD) Analizi: Altın, Bist 100 Endeksi ve Dolar’dan Oluşan Portföy Üzerinde Bir Uygulama
Authors: IŞILDAK Muhammet Sait
Published: September 2021

Finansal varlıkların risklerinin zamanla değiştiği bilinmektedir. Riskler, iyi haber veya kötü haberlere bağlı olarak daha fazla artmakta veya azalmaktadır. Riski azaltmanın bir yolu da bir portföy oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışmada, riski azaltıp azaltmadığını ölçmek için Altın, Bist 100 endeksi ve Dolar’dan oluşan bir portföy oluşturulmuştur. Bu portföy üzerinde asimetrik GARCH modeller kullanarak Altın, Bist 100 endeksi ve Dolar serileri üzerinde koşullu RMD değerler ile portföy RMD değerleri karşılaştırılarak riske ölçümü yapılması amaçlanmıştır. RMD ve volatiliteyi birlikte ele alan birçok çalışma vardır. Ancak, volatilite analizinde uygun model seçiminin yapılması ve sağlanan volatilite değerleriyle RMD analizi yapılması bu çalışmayı diğerlerinden ayıran özelliktir. Yapılan istatistik analizler sonucunda, serilerin normal dağılmaması ve değişen varyansa sahip olması nedeniyle genelleştirilmiş otoregresif koşullu değişen varyans (GARCH) yöntemlerine başvurulmuştur. ARMA süreci çalıştırılarak uygun GARCH yöntemi bulunmuştur. Bulunan uygun GARCH (1,1) modele göre volatilite değerleri ile %95 ve %99 güven düzeylerinde 1, 10 ve 252 gün için RMD analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak, Altın, Bist 100 endeksi ve Dolar serilerinde güven düzeyi düştükçe riskin arttığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Gün sayısı arttıkça risk daha fazla artış göstermektedir. Ayrıca, tek tek RMD değerleri ile RMD portföy değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. RMD portföy değerlerinin RMD değerlerinden daha düşük çıkmıştır. Dolayısıyla, serilerde portföy etkisi olduğu açıkça görülmüştür.
Big Data Approach to Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Necessity and Inevitability for Drug Design
Authors: Chitara Dheeraj , B. S. Sanjeev
Published: September 2021

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations model motion of molecules in atomistic detail and aid in drug design. While simulations on large systems may require several days to complete, analysis of terabytes of data generated in the process could also be time consuming. Recent studies captured exciting and dramatic drug-receptor interactions under cell-like complex conditions. Such advances make simulations of biomolecular interactions more realistic, insightful, and informative and have potential to make drug design more realistic. However, currently available resources and techniques do not provide, in reasonable time, a comprehensive understanding of events seen in simulations. We demonstrate that big data approach results in significant speedups, and provides rapid insights into simulations performed. Advancing this improvement, we propose a scalable, self-tuning, and responsive framework based on Cloud-infrastructure to accomplish the best possible MD studies with given priorities and within available resources.
An Analysis of the Entrepreneurial University in the Faculties of Education in Spain: Self-perception among Deans
Authors: Paños-Castro Jessica , Markuerkiaga Leire , Bezanilla María José
Published: September 2021

Universities have increasingly incorporated a third mission into their strategic planning. In addition to teaching and research, they have emphasised the training of entrepreneurs. However, there is still a lot of work to be done, as this process is facing resistance. The Entrepreneurial University covers all disciplines, including faculties of education. However, it has been shown that entrepreneurship tends to be more related to the faculties of economics and engineering, with a lesser presence in the faculties of education for various reasons: they consider entrepreneurship to be alien to their teaching role, there is a lack of entrepreneurial culture, and the objective of the Entrepreneurial University is unknown. The aim of this study is to analyse the level of entrepreneurship in Spanish faculties and schools of education. Forty deans and heads of education faculties in Spain took part in the survey. The results indicated a sufficient level of entrepreneurship; the dimensions related to active methodologies, and mission and strategy were the most developed, whereas entrepreneurship funding and entrepreneurship training for faculty employees were the least developed areas. Some deans noted that entrepreneurship was alien to their professional performance, although courses and good practices for the development of entrepreneurial initiative are gradually being implemented.
I Wanna Draw Like You: Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Orang-utan Drawings
Authors: Pelé Marie , Thomas Gwendoline , Liénard Alaïs , Eguchi Nagi , Shimada Masaki , Sueur Cédric
Published: September 2021

This study analyses 749 drawings of five female Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) at Tama Zoological Park in Japan. We searched for differences between individuals but also tried to identify possible temporal changes among the drawings of one individual, Molly, who drew almost 1,300 drawings from 2006 to 2016. An analysis of the drawings was carried out after collecting quantitative and qualitative variables. Our findings reveal evidence of differences in the drawing style of the five individuals as well as creative changes in Molly’s drawing style throughout her lifetime. Individuals differed in terms of the colours used, the space they filled but also the shapes (fan patterns, circles or loops) they drew. Molly drew less and less as she grew older, and we found a significant difference between drawings produced in winter, when orang-utans were kept inside and had less activity, and those produced during other seasons. Our results suggest that the drawing behaviour of these five orang-utans is not random and that differences among individuals might reflect differences of styles, states of mind but also motivation to draw.
Role of Diet in Modification of Gut Microbiota in Obesity: Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Khan Umama , Rahman S M Niazur , Alam Nazmun Nahar
Published: September 2021

With the ever-increasing rate, obesity has become an epidemiological problem throughout the globe comprising about 39% of the world population as of now. Among several reasons, disruption of the gut microbial ecosystem might contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and other associated comorbidities. Though the mechanisms related to dysbiosis are unclear, diet might play a modulating role where different dietary approaches manipulate microbial richness and abundance as well as stability. For instance, shifting of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut might have a role in association with the dietary approaches and ingestion duration. Along with altered gut microbial composition, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) after ingestion of non-digestible dietary starches may have an impact on host metabolism by regulating lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and inflammation with potential associations to health and obesity. The dietary approaches like carbohydrates, fibre, protein, and/or fat diet at various arrangements can make a shift in the composition of gut microbiota if introduced for a short period. However, the unique pattern of the gut microbes usually remains the same along with the longer period of habitual diet. Though the short-term dietary intervention or circadian rhythm influences a transient change in gut microbes, other than habitual diet, the understanding related to long-term dietary change-induced permanent alterations is minimum. Alternatively, the usage of prebiotics, probiotics as well as postbiotics could be beneficial to overcome dysbiosis. This review highlights the current knowledge and the interaction between the human intestinal microbiota and diet as a modifying factor, in obesity allowing the scientists to uncover novel targets and tools to use as customized therapy.