bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution drought simulations and comparison to soil moisture observations in Germany
Authors: Boeing Friedrich , Rakovech Oldrich , Kumar Rohini , Samaniego Luis , Schrön Martin , Hildebrandt Anke , Rebmann Corinna , Thober Stephan , Müller Sebastian , Zacharias Steffen , Bogena Heye , Schneider Katrin , Kiese Ralf , Marx Andreas
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The 2018–2020 consecutive drought events in Germany resulted in impacts related with several sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water management, industry, energy production and transport. A major national operational drought information system is the German Drought Monitor (GDM), launched in 2014. It provides daily soil moisture (SM) simulated with the mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) and its related soil moisture index at a spatial resolution of 4 × 4 km2. Key to preparedness for extreme drought events are high-resolution information systems. The release of the new soil map BUEK200 allowed to increase the model resolution to ~1.2 × 1.2 km2, which is used in the second version of the GDM. In this paper, we explore the ability to provide drought information on the one-kilometer scale in Germany. Therefore, we compare simulated SM dynamics using homogenized and deseasonalized SM observations to evaluate the high-resolution drought simulations of the GDM. These SM observations are obtained from single profile measurements, spatially distributed sensor networks, cosmic-ray neutron stations and lysimeters at 40 sites in Germany. The results show that the agreement of simulated and observed SM dynamics is especially high in the vegetation period (0.84 median correlation R) and lower in winter (0.59 median R). Lower agreement in winter results from methodological uncertainties in simulations as well as in observations. Moderate but significant improvements between the first and second GDM version to observed SM were found in correlations for autumn (+0.07 median R) and winter (+0.12 median R). The annual drought intensity ranking and the spatial structure of drought events over the past 69 years is comparable for the two GDM versions. However, the higher resolution of the second GDM version allows a much more detailed representation of the spatial variability of SM, which is particularly beneficial for local risk assessments. Furthermore, the results underline that nationwide drought information systems depend both on appropriate simulations of the water cycle and a broad, high-quality observational soil moisture database.
Streamflow estimation at partially gaged sites using multiple-dependence conditions via vine copulas
Authors: Ahn Kuk-Hyun
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Reliable estimates of missing streamflow values are relevant for water
resource planning and management. This study proposes a multiple-dependence condition model via vine copulas for the purpose of estimating streamflow at partially gaged sites. The proposed model is attractive in modeling the high-dimensional joint distribution by building a hierarchy of conditional bivariate copulas when provided a complex streamflow gage network. The usefulness of the proposed model is firstly highlighted using a synthetic streamflow scenario. In this analysis, the bivariate copula model and a variant of the vine copulas are also employed to show the ability of the multiple-dependence structure adopted in the proposed model. Furthermore, the evaluations are extended to a case study of 54 gages located within the Yadkin–Pee Dee River basin in the eastern USA. Both results inform that the proposed model is better suited for infilling missing values. To be specific, the proposed multiple-dependence model shows the improvement of 9.2 % on average compared to the bivariate model from the historical case study. The performance of the vine copula is further compared with six other infilling approaches to confirm its applicability. Results demonstrate that the proposed model produces more reliable streamflow estimates than the other approaches. In particular, when applied to partially gaged sites with sufficient available data, the proposed model clearly outperforms the other models. Even though the model is illustrated by a specific case, it can be extended to other regions with diverse hydro-climatological variables for the objective of infilling.
Seismic physics-based characterization of permafrost sites using surface waves
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Maghoul Pooneh , Shalaby Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The adverse effects of climate warming on the built environment in (sub)arctic regions are unprecedented and accelerating. Planning and design of climate-resilient northern infrastructure as well as predicting deterioration of permafrost from climate model simulations require characterizing permafrost sites accurately and efﬁciently. Here, we propose a novel algorithm for analysis of surface waves to quantitatively estimate the physical and mechanical properties of a permafrost site. We show the existence of two types of Rayleigh waves (R1 and R2; R1 travels relatively faster than R2). The R2 wave velocity is highly sensitive to the physical properties (e.g., unfrozen water content, ice content, and porosity) of permafrost or soil layers while it is less sensitive to their mechanical properties (e.g., shear modulus and bulk modulus). The R1 wave velocity, on the other hand, depends strongly on the soil type and mechanical properties of permafrost or soil layers. In-situ surface wave measurements revealed the experimental dispersion relations of both types of Rayleigh waves from which relevant properties of a permafrost site can be derived by means of our proposed hybrid inverse and multi-phase poromechanical approach. Our study demonstrates the potential of surface wave techniques coupled with our proposed data-processing algorithm to characterize a permafrost site more accurately. Our proposed technique can be used in early detection and warning systems to monitor infrastructure impacted by permafrost-related geohazards, and to detect the presence of layers vulnerable to permafrost carbon feedback and emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Propagating information from snow observations with CrocO ensemble data assimilation system: a 10-years case study over a snow depth observation network
Authors: Cluzet Bertrand , Lafaysse Matthieu , Deschamps-Berger César , Vernay Matthieu , Dumont Marie
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The mountainous snow cover is highly variable at all temporal and spatial scales. Snowpack models only imperfectly represent this variability, because of uncertain meteorological inputs, physical parameterisations, and unresolved terrain features. In-situ observations of the height of snow (HS), despite their limited representativeness, could help constrain intermediate and large scale modelling errors by means of data assimilation. In this work, we assimilate HS observations from an in-situ network of 295 stations covering the French Alps, Pyrenees and Andorra, over the period 2009–2019. In view of assimilating such observations into a spatialised snow cover modelling framework, we investigate whether such observations can be used to correct neighbouring snowpack simulations. We use CrocO, an ensemble data assimilation framework of snow cover modelling, based on a Particle Filter suited to the propagation of information from observed to unobserved areas. This ensemble system already benefits from meteorological observations, assimilated within SAFRAN analysis scheme. CrocO also proposes various localisation strategies to assimilate snow observations. These approaches are evaluated in a Leave-One-Out setup against the operational deterministic model and its ensemble open-loop counterpart, both running without HS assimilation. Results show that intermediate localisation radius of 35–50 km yield a slightly lower root mean square error (RMSE), and a better Spread-Skill than the strategy assimilating all the observations from a whole mountain range. Significant continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) improvements of about 13 % are obtained in the areas where the open-loop modelling errors are the largest, e.g. the Haute-Ariège, Andorra and the Extreme Southern Alps. Over these areas, weather station observations are generally sparser, resulting in more uncertain meteorological analyses, and therefore snow simulations. In-situ HS observations thus shows an interesting complementarity with meteorological observations to better constrain snow cover simulations over large areas.
High-resolution stable isotope signature of a land-falling atmospheric river in southern Norway
Authors: Weng Yongbiao , Johannessen Aina , Sodemann Harald
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Heavy precipitation at the west coast of Norway is often connected to elongated meridional structures of high integrated water vapour transport known as atmospheric rivers (ARs). Here we present high-resolution measurements of stable isotopes in near-surface water vapour and precipitation during a land-falling AR in southwestern Norway on 7 December 2016. In our analysis, we aim to identify the influences of moisture source conditions, weather system characteristics, and post-condensation processes on the isotope signal in near-surface water vapour and precipitation. A total of 71 precipitation samples were collected during the 24 h sampling period, mostly taken at sampling intervals of 10–20 min. The isotope composition of near-surface vapour was continuously monitored in situ with a cavity ring-down spectrometer. Local meteorological conditions were in addition observed from a vertical pointing rain radar, a laser disdrometer, and automatic weather stations. We observe a stretched, “W”-shaped evolution of isotope composition during the event. Combining paired precipitation and vapour isotopes with meteorological observations, we define four different stages of the event. The two most depleted periods in the isotope δ values are associated with frontal transitions, namely a combination of two warm fronts that follow each other within a few hours and an upper-level cold front. The d-excess shows a single maximum and a step-wise decline in precipitation and a gradual decrease in near-surface vapour. Thereby, the isotopic evolution of the near-surface vapour closely follows that of the precipitation with a time delay of about 30 min, except for the first stage of the event. Analysis using an isotopic below-cloud exchange framework shows that the initial period of low and even negative d-excess in precipitation was caused by evaporation below cloud base. The isotope signal from the cloud level became apparent at ground level after a transition period that lasted up to several hours. Moisture source diagnostics for the periods when the cloud signal dominates show that the moisture source conditions are then partly reflected in surface precipitation and water vapour isotopes. In our study, the isotope signal in surface precipitation during the AR event reflects the combined influence of atmospheric dynamics, moisture sources, and atmospheric distillation, as well as cloud microphysics and below-cloud processes. Based on this finding, we recommend careful interpretation of results obtained from Rayleigh distillation models in such events, in particular for the interpretation of surface vapour and precipitation from stratiform clouds.
Optimal Extraction of Photovoltaic Cell Parameters for the Maximization of Photovoltaic Power Output Using a Hybrid Particle Swarm Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Abubakar Ali , Borkor Reindorf ,   Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
Published: August 2021

Avoiding over-dependency on the oil-fired energy supply systems motivates many countries to integrate renewable energy into the existing energy supply systems. Solar Photovoltaic technology forms the most promising option for developing such a cost-effective and sustainable energy supply system. Generally, the current-voltage curve is used in the performance assessment and analysis of the Photovoltaic module. The accuracy of the equations for the curve depends on accurate cell parameters. However, the extraction of these parameters remains a complex stochastic nonlinear optimization problem. Many studies have been carried out to deal with such problem but still more researches need to be carried out to achieve a minimum error and a high accuracy. The existing researches ignored the variation in the meteorological data though it has a significant impact on the problem design. In this study, the Sample Average Approximation was employed to deal with the uncertainty and the hybrid optimization method was used to get the optimal parameters. The results showed that the Hybrid PSO-GWO produced the most optimal solution: Series resistance (1.4623), Shunt resistance(215.0000), Ideal diode factors (n1 = 0.9500, n2 = 1.6500) with a maximum PV power of 59.850W. The methodology produced realistic results since the variability is dealt with and the Hybrid PSO-GWO finds the optimal solution at a higher convergence rate.
The Psychological Wellbeing of Palestinian Children Living among Israeli Settlements in Hebron Old City
Authors:   Ph.D. in Psychology, Head of Psychology Department, Al Istiqlal University, Palestine, Shehadeh Amer
Published: August 2021

For more than ten decades, the Palestinian Occupied Territories are marked by a protracted political conflict. During this conflict, more than 300 settlements have been built inside West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem “Occupied Palestinian Territories”, since that time the conflict between Palestinian and Israeli occupation forces is still ongoing. One of the most important results of this occupation and conflict is the suffering of Palestinian living among these Israeli settlements. Therefore, this study aimed at gaining insight into the impact of living within this situation on children and adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. 357 8-18 years old Palestinian children took part; Two self-report questionnaires: the UCLA-PTSD-Reaction Index, investigating symptoms of posttraumatic stress, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires, looking at overall psychological problems, were filed by children themselves, mothers, and teachers. Descriptive analyses investigated mental health differences between both variables, gender, and age, and the mental health outcomes. This study shows the important impact of being lived among Israeli settlements on the psychological wellbeing of Palestinian, above, girls, younger adolescents, also reported higher scores on both questionnaires, the study urges for more psychological care and support for family members – in particular children.
Žižek e Malabou
Authors: Rodrigues Renato Paes
Published: August 2021

No atual cenário da teoria da história e da filosofia parece não haver mais espaço para metanarrativas como a de Hegel.Contra tal tendência, visamos defender nesse artigo que existe uma chance de futuro para a filosofia da história hegeliana tendo como referência o conceito de plasticidade de Catherine Malabou e de retroatividade de Slavoj Žižek. Tais conceitos nos ajudam a refletir melhor sobre a relação dialética entre saber absoluto (atemporal) e história (temporal) dentro do sistema hegeliano que nos leva a concluir que Hegel não é um autor escatológico, como muitas vezes insistem seus críticos.
LEARNING FROM CRISES? – SOME PHILOSOPHICAL AND POLITICO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE LIGHT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Daumann Frank , Follert Florian
Published: August 2021

As Boettke et al. (2007, p. 363) emphasize “Disasters, whether man-made or natural, represent a ‘natural experiment’ for social scientists”. They refer to a very famous quote from John Stuart Mill (1849, pp. 74–75) concerning the value of free economics for the recovery after crises: “This perpetual consumption and reproduction of capital affords the explanation of what has so often excited wonder, the great rapidity with which countries recover from a state of devastation; the disappearance, in a short time, of all traces of the mischiefs done by earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and the ravages of war. An enemy lays waste a country by fire and sword, and destroys or carries away nearly all the moveable wealth existing in it; all the inhabitants are ruined, and yet, in a few years after, everything is much as it was before.”
EXPLORING READING SKILLS’ INSTRUCTION IN COMPULSORY ENGLISH COURSE – A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC COLLEGE
Authors: Tahira Musavi, Sajida Zaki, Mehwish Arif
Published: August 2021

The present study explores the reading instruction at grade- XII at a public college in Karachi to capture the reading instruction practices in compulsory English course. Using case study method involving interviews with teachers followed by observations of their reading classes an in-depth study was planned that attempted to give a holistic picture of the reading instructional practices. The teachers’ classroom practices were also interpreted in the light of the analyzed curriculum and text book being followed. The findings indicate a missed opportunity since no meaningful outcomes can be envisaged as a result of the conventional, content based and examination oriented classroom pedagogy adopted by teachers in their reading classes. The interview and classroom observation data contradicted indicating the teachers’ claims differed drastically from their actual classroom practices. This study reconfirms earlier studies and suggests several policy and pedagogical implications for education department, college administrators, English language teachers and teacher educators.
PELAYANAN PUSAT KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL (PUSKESOS) DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN (Studi di Kelurahan Abeli Dalam Kecamatan Puuwatu Kota Kendari)
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Bahtiar Bahtiar , Sarmadan Sarmadan
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the services of social welfare centers (Puskesos) in poverty reduction in Abeli Dalam Village, Puuwatu District, Kendari City. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection technique was carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation with 13 research informants. 5 people from the implementation team of the social welfare center (Puskesos), and 8 additional informants, 1 TKSK and 7 community members who are beneficiaries of Puskesmas services in Abeli Dalam Village, Puuwatu District, Kendari CityThe results showed that social welfare center services (Puskesos) are located in Abeli Dalam Village government by providing social welfare center services in the program including: Healthy Idonesia Card (KIS), Family Hope Program (PKH), Non-Tunia Food Assistance (BPNT), and Cash Social Assistance (BST). which is carried out by Puskesmas to the poor, namely: 1) making changes in the form of activities, these activities are in the form of socialization. 2) assist in overcoming problems, by providing quality service assistance to poor individuals / families / households must have clear, straightforward, easy to understand and implement procedures. These activities include; receiving complaints, checking the status of potential beneficiaries with data validation and verification processes, complaint handling services according to program needs, in this case the KIS, PKH, BPNT, BST programs, and handling referrals. With 700 KIS recipients, 77 PKH family heads, 137 BPNT family heads, and 6 BST family heads. The number of service recipients for the poor was 174 households out of 202 households. These are found in Puskesmas services as well as the benefits of puskesmas services for the community that can have a good impact on community welfare and poverty reduction, and contribute to the fulfillment of the right to access health services, education, basic food assistance, and cash social assistance can be achieved
PERAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA (PKL) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (Studi di Kawasan Objek Wisata Pantai Mutiara Desa Gumanano Kecamatan Mawasangka Kabupaten Buton Tengah)
Authors: Nazrin Nazrin , Bauto La Ode Monto , Yusuf Bakri
Published: August 2021

This research aims to determine the role and constraints of street vendors in improving family welfare in the Pantai Mutiara tourist attraction area, Gumanano Village, Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency. This type of research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation with 9 main informants of street vendors (PKL) in the Pantai Mutiara Tourism Object, Gumanano Village, Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency and 5 people as supporting informants. The results showed that first, the role of street vendors (PKL) in improving family welfare in the Pantai Mutiara tourist area, namely increasing family income in meeting the needs of food, clothing, shelter, health, and educational needs. The two obstacles faced by street vendors in improving family welfare are physical capital, knowledge and skills.
PILOT STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE OF BREAST CANCER AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE NORTH EAST REGION OF BULGARIA
Authors:   Medical College, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria., Tsvetkova Antoaneta
Published: August 2021

Purpose: According to the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry of 2017, breast cancer accounted for 26.8% of all malignancies among women. The actual incidence rate was 108.1 per 100 000. Materials/ Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted among breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Dr Marko Markov Specialised Hospital for Treatment of Oncologic Diseases (SHTOD) - Varna, between 2016 and 2019. Descriptive statistics and collected data included demographic characteristics, clinical data (survival rates) and type of pharmacotherapy. Results: In terms of gender distribution, significantly more women were affected, accounting for approximately 99.05%. Patients from cities were almost 7 times more than those from villages. Patients aged between 61 and 70 represented the largest number, which accounted for 28.04% of all included in the study. Conclusion: Taking into consideration not only the efficiency but also the cost-effectiveness of available treatment strategies can lead to considerably better therapeutic outcomes. There is no pharmacoeconomic data analysis in Bulgaria. A further study of all direct and indirect costs is required in order to estimate the cost of premature death, reduced working capacity and disability.
Efectos a la salud por exposición a partículas ultrafinas generadas en los procesos de soldadura
Authors: García Molano Cesar , González Merchán José , Gil Arciniegas Luisa
Published: August 2021

La soldadura es una técnica donde se unen piezas metálicas a altas temperaturas, es ampliamente utilizado en diversos sectores industriales. Además, se liberan humos metálicos donde se suspenden partículas ultrafinas (PUF) las cuales tiene un diámetro menor a 100 nm. En el siguiente artículo de revisión se describen los efectos a la salud en soldadores por exposición a PUF. Se realiza una búsqueda en bases de datos sobre la salud ocupacional, atendiendo criterios de inclusión y uso de descriptores. Cuando los metales se funden, los vapores liberados se oxidan y al condensarse forman partículas sólidas. La concentración de las PUF aumenta y su diámetro va disminuyendo. Su toxicidad depende de características físicas y químicas; su composición elemental obedece a la técnica de soldadura empleada. Por su tamaño, las PUF ingresan preferencialmente por vía inhalatoria, llegan a la sangre y afectan órganos internos. Se han asociado enfermedades en el sistema respiratorio, nervioso, reproductor e inmunológico. En Colombia no existen investigaciones sobre la exposición a PUF en labores de soldadura, pero si hay recomendaciones preventivas generales para esta población. Es importante establecer metodologías de vigilancia médica y epidemiológica con el fin de reducir el riesgo de adquisición de patologías por exposición a PUF.
Ciencia forense aplicada en el análisis e investigación de los accidentes de trabajo
Authors: Taborda Osorio Harold
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar los indicadores bibliométricos de las publicaciones científicas relacionadas con la importancia de la ciencia forense aplicada en la investigación de los accidentes de trabajo. Como metodología se emplea un estudio descriptivo exploratorio que cuantifique las variables de publicaciones científicas de revistas académicas ubicadas en bases de datos, en materia de ciencia forense y accidentes de trabajo. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Medline, Pubmed y ScienceDirect. En los resultados se encuentra un total de 333 artículos, de los cuales 9 (2,7%) se relacionan con el tema de interés. Además, dichas producciones van a partir del año 2004. Por último, la ciencia forense y sus aplicaciones benefician el análisis de la causalidad de eventos fatales en los lugares de trabajo y promueve la aplicación de estrategias para evitar y minimizar este tipo de eventos.
Desarrollo de una red social como herramienta colaborativa para promover el bienestar de las mascotas
Authors: Corredor Andrade Vanessa , Torres López Darling , Beltrán García Diana , Rodríguez Rodríguez Juan , Velásquez Rincón Julio
Published: August 2021

Las mascotas actualmente son parte importante dentro de la sociedad; están presentes como parte de la familia; brindan compañía, seguridad, eliminan plagas, etc. Por esa razón merecen todo el cuidado y bienestar posible. El objetivo principal de este artículo es explicar el desarrollo de una red social como herramienta colaborativa para promover el bienestar de las mascotas. Así, permite a los usuarios tener acceso a la historia clínica en tiempo real; acceso a un perfil con toda la información de la mascota, adopción, reporte de pérdida del animal, consejos de otros usuarios y búsqueda de mascotas amigas. El nombre de esta red social es AnimalFriend. Para ello se identifican las necesidades e inquietudes de los dueños de mascotas. La presente investigación es de tipo documental; se basa en trabajos de anteriores investigadores y en los datos obtenidos en una encuesta realiza a estudiantes de la localidad de Chapinero.
Aprovechamiento de la biomasa residual pecuaria en Colombia
Authors: Tierradentro Cruz Jorge , Montaña Oviedo Katherine
Published: August 2021

La biomasa pecuaria es una alternativa para cubrir la demanda energética de las zonas rurales en Colombia amigables con el ambiente, implementando técnicas y tecnologías adecuadas. El objetivo de esta revisión es verificar perspectivas frente al potencial técnico de la biomasa residual, las tecnologías de conversión de biomasa residual en biogás y los beneficios del uso de este tipo de tecnologías. Se evidencia que la biomasa pecuaria ha sido estudiada evaluando tecnologías como la digestión anaerobia y cuenta con nuevos campos de estudio como la gasificación. Se hallaron beneficios del uso de este tipo de tecnologías a afiliación nivel ambiental y social, y barreras de tipo político. El uso de estas tecnologías brindaría a las naciones energías alternativas en zonas apartadas del país.
aproximación para la implementación de una plataforma tecnológica de código abierto (CRM -Bitrix24)
Authors: Ramírez Galindo Juliana , Lozano Cascante Ximena , Rodríguez Diego
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la investigación es identificar las alianzas entre los sectores empresarial, gubernamental y académico (como redes mutuales clúster) y su relación con el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación para reforzar aspectos del capital social en lugares socioeconómicamente vulnerables. A través de herramientas de formación, investigación y fi nanciación, se pretende ofrecer un proyecto que utilice dichas tecnologías en negocios, para aumentar ventas, así como su productividad. En este sentido, se presenta la marca “x, alimentamos tu corazón” realizado con el fi n de crear un valor comunal para impactar actores como migrantes, familias agricultoras y otras comunidades del municipio de Soacha, Cundinamarca. Lo anterior, a partir de varios métodos de protección social solidaria y puestos de trabajo. La idea es disminuir las brechas del desempleo, informalidad y generar un mayor conocimiento sobre aspectos económicos. Además, contribuye a exponer caminos para evitar la delincuencia y la ilegalidad.
Sistema de seguimiento GPS para la optimización de rutas de distribución en última milla
Authors: Cerón Ordoñez William , Avendaño Poveda Carlos , Rodríguez Diego
Published: August 2021

La investigación inicia a partir de la necesidad de optimizar los procesos de distribución de los productos de las comunidades vulnerables. En las obligaciones particulares de los programas sociales de Cultura C se ha detectado el requisito de proponer una solución por medio de una herramienta que permita el seguimiento de modelos logísticos para el ruteo GPS. También es elemental brindar una mejor planificación, seguimiento, monitoreo y control a los procesos relacionados en este contexto.
RECTAL FISTULA
Authors: Жанбырбай Б.К. , Кошербаева Л.К. , Абдраимов Ж.О. , Абдулхасанова Ш.Б. , Кудайбергенова Г.Г. , Кудайбергенова Ж.Б. , Маннапова М.А. , Усербаева С.С.
Published: August 2021

Свищи желудочно-кишечного тракта являются наиболее тяжелым осложнением различных оперативных вмешательств на брюшной полости, несущим угрозу для жизни больного. На сегодняшний день прямокишечные свищи являются одной из часто встречающих заболеваний в структуре хирургических заболеваний. Затрагивает данная патология в среднем пациентов в возрасте 30-50 лет, что обуславливает социально-экономическую значимость данной проблемы. На основании изученных исследований и метаанализов, мы можем сказать, что не разработан «золотой стандарт» лечения сложных прямокишечных свищей без осложнений.

A gastrointestinal fistula is the most severe complication of various surgical interventions after abdominal surgery, posing a threat to the patient's life. To date, rectal fistulas are one of the most common surgical diseases. This pathology affects on average patients aged 30-50 years, which determines the socio-economic significance of this problem. Based on research and meta-analyzes, we can say that there is no "gold standard" for the treatment of complex rectal fistulas without complications.
MACRO-AND MICROSCOPIC CHANGES KIDNEY DISEASE IN CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19
Authors: Гумарова П.С. , Абдуллаева Б.А.
Published: August 2021

В настоящее время глубоко изучается морфо и патогенез - короновирусной инфекции, представители мировой медицины отмечают, что вирус SARS-Cov-2 очень быстро распространяется от человека к человеку. В связи с этим ВОЗ объявила вспышку COVID-19 пандемией. Некоторые ученые разработали концепцию, согласно которой изменение функциональной функции почек,изменение цвета мочи от нормального состояния, увеличение концентрации альбумина происходят от проникновения специфического SARS-CoV-2 в клетку через рецепторы АСЕ2.Доказано, что при цитологическом исследовании почек у человека в тяжелом состоянии COVID-19 происходит агрегация эритроцитов, разрушение эпителия и подоцитов. Лицам, страдающим хроническими заболеваниями почек, необходимо применять безопасные и действенные - методические подходы в профилактике короновирусной инфекции.

At present, the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of coronavirus infections are being studied in-depth, and the SARS-Cov-2 virus is spreading rapidly from person to person, according to world medicine. In this regard, the WHO declared the COVID-19 epidemic a pandemic. Some scientists have suggested that changes in renal function, abnormal urine colour, and increased albumin concentrations are caused by the entry of specific SARS-CoV-2 into the cell through ACE2 receptors. Cytological examination of the kidneys has shown that a person with severe COVID-19 has aggregation of erythrocytes, destruction of epithelium and podocytes. People with chronic kidney disease should use safe and effective innovative methods in the prevention of coronavirus infection.
AGGRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ITS PREVENTION
Authors: Камалиев Д.М. , Ракишева А.С. , Самсонова Ж.И. , Жетеева Р.А.
Published: August 2021

В нашем исследовании изучена подростковая агрессивность и причины ее проявления, проведен анализ изученной литературы, изучены степени и проявления агрессии в подростковом возрасте школьников 7-8 классов и осужденных исправительного учреждения, проанализированы результаты исследования, выстроены правила подавления агрессивного поведения и даны рекомендации подросткам, родителям, педагогам.

In our study, we studied adolescent aggressiveness and the causes of its manifestation, analyzed the literature, studied the degree and manifestations of aggression in adolescence of schoolchildren of grades 7-8 and convicts of correctional institutions, analyzed the results of the study, built the rules for suppressing aggressive behavior and gave recommendations to adolescents, parents, teachers.
CURRENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Бабаева А.А. , Ушурова К.М. , Серикова Г.Б. , Канапина А.Б. , Асемов А.Б.
Published: August 2021

Цель: Целью данной работы является изучение доступности, использования и существующих ограничений использования кардиологической реабилитации (КР) в Республике Казахстан. Материалы и методы: основной основой для исследования послужил обзор существующих исследований и имеющихся данных. Поиск исследований КР в странах с низким и средним уровнем доходов и странах с GHSI (Глобальный индекс безопасности в области здравоохранения) выше среднего был выполнен в различных электронных базах данных, включая EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, elibrary. Результаты. В Казахстане отсутствуют единые и утвержденные протоколы КР-терапии, а в организациях, проводящих реабилитационные программы, нет спецификации по пациентам с ССЗ. Кроме того, врачи часто назначают программы реабилитации, но они доступны для большинства пациентов из-за нехватки программ и высокой стоимости медицинского туризма. Кроме того, реабилитационные программы часто предлагают немедицинские учреждения, например, санатории. Вывод: Перед казахстанским здравоохранением стоит задача снижения смертности и инвалидности пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиологическая реабилитация (КР) является краеугольным камнем вторичной профилактики ишемической болезни сердца. В развивающихся странах, где бремя ишемической болезни сердца является значительным и продолжает расти, КР имеет критически важное значение. Однако наличие и использование КР в Казахстане систематически неизвестно.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to investigate the availability, exploitation and existing limitation of Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) usage in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods: The major basis for the study was the literature review of existing research and available data. The search on the studies of CR in low and middle-income countries and countries with GHSI of above-average was performed on various electronic databases, including EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, elibrary. Results: There are no unified and approved protocols of CR-therapies in Kazakhstan and organizations which conduct rehabilitation programs, have no specification on CVD-patients. Furthermore, doctors frequently prescribe rehabilitation programs, but it is available for most of the patients due to the scarcity of programs, and high costs of medical tourism. Moreover, the rehabilitation programs are frequently offered by non-medical institutions, such as health resorts. Conclusion: Kazakh health care faces the task of reducing mortality and disability of patients with coronary heart disease. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a cornerstone of secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. In LMIC, where the burden of ischemic heart disease is substantial and growing, CR is critically important. However, the availability and utilization of CR in Kazakhstan are not systematically known.
CIRCULATING MIR-145 AND MIR-21 IN BREAST CANCER IN THE KAZAKH POPULATION
Authors: Шарипов К.О. , Аширбеков Е.Е. , Абайлдаев А.О. , Ботбаев Д.М. , Белкожаев А.М. , Бекжанова Д.М. , Айтхожина Н.А.
Published: August 2021

Рак молочной железы является наиболее часто диагностирумым раком у женщин во всем мире. Несмотря на прогресс в скриниге, позволившим обнаруживать заболевание на более ранних стадиях и значительно уменьшить смертноть, имеется необходимость в поиске новых достоверных, малоинвазивных и дешевых биомаркеров для раннего обнаружения, диагностики и прогностики рака молочной железы. Целью данного исследования явилась проверка диагностичекой ценности двух циркулирующих микроРНК - miR-145-5p и miR-21-5p, рекомендованных в литературе в качестве маркеров рака молочной железы, на выборке казахских женщин (91 больных и 65 здоровых). Используя метод количественной ПЦР, мы обнаружили, что концентрации обеих микроРНК были достоверно повышены в плазме больных по сравнению со здоровыми контролями. Кроме того, была обнаружена связь с некоторыми клинико-патологическими характеристиками в группе пациентов: уровень miR-21-5p был ассоциирован с пролиферативной активностью опухоли, уровень miR-145-5p - с менопаузальным статусом, уровни обеих микроРНК - с возрастом менархе и употреблением алкоголя. ROC-анализ показал средний потенциал применимости miR-145-5p в диагностике РМЖ, и низкий потенциал для miR-21-5p.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type in women around the world. Despite advances in screening that have made it possible to detect the disease at an earlier stage and significantly reduce mortality, there is a need to identify new reliable, minimally invasive and cheap biomarkers for the early detection, diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic value of two circulating miRNAs: miR-145-5p and miR-21-5p, recommended in the literature as markers of breast cancer, in Kazakh women (91 patients and 65 healthy controls). Using the quantitative PCR technique, we found that both miR-145-5p and miR-21-5p levels were significantly elevated in the plasma of breast cancer patients in comparison to healthy controls. In addition, associations with some clinicopathological characteristics in the patient group were found: the level of miR-145-5p was associated with menopausal status; the level of miR-21-5p was associated with the proliferative activity of tumors; the levels of both miR-145-5p and miR-21-5p were associated with age at menarche and alcohol consumption. ROC-analysis showed an intermediate potential for usefulness in breast cancer diagnostics for miR-145-5p, and a low potential for miR-21-5p.
CLASSIFICFTION AND MECHANISM OF ACROMIAL-CLAVICULAR JOINT DAMAGE
Authors: Набиев Е.Н. , Баубеков Ж.Т. , Абилда Е.М. , Халходжаев М.К. , Тусупов Д.М. , Турбеков Н.Т. , Алпысбаев Б.Б.
Published: August 2021

В статье приведены современные классификации повреждений акромиально-ключичного сочленения, а также механизм их возникновения. Современные классификации должны учитывать степень повреждения связочного аппарата, вид смещения ключицы и морфологические изменения, происходящие в окружающих тканях АКС и плечевого пояса. Показаны значения классификации повреждений при выборе рационального лечения повреждений акромиально-ключичного сочленения. Знание механизма повреждения позволяет специалисту прогнозировать характер и тяжесть повреждения структур сустава. Отмечено важность характера травмирующей силы при повреждении акромиально-ключичного сочленения.

The article presents modern classifications of injuries of the acromioclavicular joint, as well as the mechanism of their occurrence. Modern classifications should take into account the degree of damage to the ligamentous apparatus, the type of displacement of the clavicle and morphological changes occurring in the surrounding tissues of the ACS and the shoulder girdle. The values of the classification of injuries are shown when choosing a rational treatment for injuries of the acromioclavicular joint. Knowledge of the mechanism of damage allows the specialist to predict the nature and severity of damage to the structures of the joint. The importance of the nature of the traumatic force in case of damage to the acromioclavicular joint is noted.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NEUROSURGICAL SERVICES
Authors: Ерниязов Н.Б. , Арингазина А.М.
Published: August 2021

В статье представлен краткий обзор влияния пандемии COVID-19 и связанных с ней карантинных мероприятий на различные аспекты хирургической службы в общем и нейрохирургической службы в частности. Дана информация об организации нейрохирургической службы в различных странах в период карантина, методах оптимизации, нанесенном вреде на повседневную работу.

The article provides a brief overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related quarantine measures on various aspects of the surgical service in general and the neurosurgical service in particular. It provides an information on the organization of neurosurgical services in various countries during the quarantine period, optimization methods, and damage done to daily work.
THE FAMILY HEALTH STRATEGY AND HOSPITALIZATIONS IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL
Authors: de Carvalho Natália Reis , Costa Ana Luiza Carvalho , Moreira Andréa Carvalho Araújo , Azevedo Samir Gabriel Vasconcelos , Fernandes Naiara Teixeira , Oliveira Francisco Eduardo Silva
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the expansion of the Family Health Strategy and hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in older adults. METHODS: This ecological study was conducted from June to October 2019. The units of analysis were all states in the Northeast of Brazil, and the historical outline included the period from 2008 to 2018. Data on the coverage of the Family Health Strategy and hospitalizations were extracted from the Primary Care Information and Management System and the Hospital Information System. For the association analysis, Spearman coefficients (r) were calculated at a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) using STATA, version 13.0. An absolute r value above 0.5 was considered satisfactory. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2018, the Northeast Region recorded a 13.33% increase in the Family Health Strategy coverage and a 27.44% decrease in hospitalization rates. Coverage did not expand in the states of Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe; in the latter, there was also no significant reduction in hospitalization rates. There was a correlation between the expansion of the Family Health Strategy and a reduction in hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in the states of Alagoas (r = −0.9636), Bahia (r = −0.9545), Ceará (r = −0.8884), and Piauí (r = −0.7000). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increased coverage of the Family Health Strategy is associated with greater effectiveness of primary care. However, other intervening factors in hospitalization rates for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions should be considered, such as the health care model and socioeconomic context.
SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN COVID-19 MORTALITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN BELO HORIZONTE: VACCINATION PRIORITY
Authors: Passos Valeria Maria de Azeredo , Brant Luísa Campos Caldeira , Corrêa Paulo Roberto Lopes , Pinheiro Pedro Cisalpino , de Souza Maria de Fátima Marinho , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that older adults (aged 60+ years) living in areas of greater social vulnerability were most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Belo Horizonte between February and October 2020. METHODS: We conducted an ecological study with analysis of mortality rates by census tracts, classified as areas of low vulnerability (1330 tracts), medium vulnerability (1460 tracts), and high/very high vulnerability (1040 tracts) according to the health vulnerability index (consisting of indicators of sanitation, garbage collection, water supply, literacy level, and race). The number of deaths from COVID-19 was obtained from the Mortality Information System from 10th to 43rd epidemiological week. The rates were age-standardized for populations of the three areas of vulnerability, based on population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. RESULTS: In Belo Horizonte, the mortality rate was 62.9 deaths per 100,000 population, ranging from 36.1 in areas of low social vulnerability to 76.6 and 101.9 in areas of medium and high/very high vulnerability, respectively. The mortality rate was 292.3 per 100,000 older persons, increasing from 179.2 in areas of low vulnerability to 353.6 and 472.6 in areas of medium and high/very high vulnerability, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this moment of organizing vaccination sessions for the population, social inequalities in mortality, even in the age group at highest risk, reinforce the principle of starting vaccination by prioritizing the most socially vulnerable areas. It is necessary to prioritize the most exposed older persons, as they usually live with on-site workers, have greater difficulty in complying with social distancing orders and with the hygiene preventive measures due to poor housing and transportation conditions, and experience limited access to health care services.
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING MORNING VERSUS NIGHT ADMINISTRATION OF LEVOTHYROXINE IN OLDER PERSONS
Authors: Giassi Karina , de Mello Renato Gorga Bandeira , de Lima Bruna Cambrussi , Stahl Gabriela , de Oliveira Raquel Almeida , Flores Marina Siqueira
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of levothyroxine administration strategies in the treatment of hypothyroidism in older persons in a tertiary outpatient clinic. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of older persons with a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism who had been receiving levothyroxine for at least 6 months with a stable dose in the last 3 months. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two administration strategies: morning (1 hour before breakfast) or night (1 hour after the last meal). In a period ≥ 12 weeks, patients were instructed to cross over between strategies. Laboratory tests for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were performed at visit 0 (baseline), visit 1 (period ≥ 12 weeks), and visit 2 (completion — period ≥ 24 weeks); a standardized questionnaire was also applied. Preliminary analyses of the period before crossover are presented. RESULTS: The preliminary sample consisted of 98 patients, with a mean age of 71.26 (SD 7.12) years; 83.67% were women. Fifty-three patients started with the morning strategy and 45 with the night strategy, and one patient did not return for reassessment. Median TSH levels ranged from 2.74 (IQR 1.06–4.19) at baseline to 2.77 (IQR 0.75–4.41) after a 12-week follow-up in the morning group, and from 2.36 (IQR 1.48–4.85) to 2.28 (IQR 1.69–3.56) in the night group. Mean FT4 levels ranged from 1.44 (SD 0.39) to 1.42 (SD 0.36) in the morning group, and from 1.35 (SD 0.27) to 1.37 (SD 0.32) in the night group. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of levothyroxine at night was as effective as morning administration at controlling primary hypothyroidism in older persons. Therefore, this can be considered an alternative dosage strategy for the treatment of this condition.