bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mouth Care Matters
Authors: Haslam Sarah
Published: July 2017

Dental nurse Sarah Haslam explains how one project is raising awareness of the importance of good mouth care within a hospital and community care setting
A sweet tooth
Authors: Pretty Lorraine
Published: July 2017

Periodontal disease, dental caries and erosion of tooth enamel remain prevalent among society. Here's why…
Treatment of benign pigmented lesions: understanding different types of laser
Authors: Conroy Frank
Published: July 2017

Pigmented lesions are exceedingly common, appear on all parts of the body and are often requested to be treated by aesthetic patients. They can range from small discreet lesions to large, confluent areas of pigmentation. Just as their size and shape can vary, so can their location within the skin, which has a significant influence on the strategy used to treat them. It is not enough to be able to simply diagnose the lesion, it is also essential that aesthetic practitioners understand the properties of the laser they are using to treat the lesion and its method of tissue interaction. This article will briefly cover the fundamentals of laser treatment of benign pigmented lesions.
The importance of training in aesthetic medicine cannot be overestimated
Authors: Ravichandran Simon
Published: July 2017

As the demand for non-surgical cosmetic interventions increases year on year, aesthetic practitioners need to stay up to date with their training to ensure they are meeting both clinical standards and patients’ needs. Simon Ravichandran reflects on his experience as a trainer and gives an honest account of how he believes practice can be influenced by high-quality courses in cosmetic injectables
Should aesthetic prescribers prescribe for anyone other than their own patients?
Authors: Lamb Amy
Published: July 2017

There are many areas in medical aesthetics where more clarity and guidance is needed. As a non-medical prescriber and practising aesthetic nurse, Amy Lamb discusses her views on whether those practitioners with prescribing qualifications and eperience should be prescribing for peers and their patients. She presents arguments to support both sides of this contentious debate
XRD-HTA, UV Visible, FTIR and SEM Interpretation of Reduced Graphene Oxide Synthesized from High Purity Vein Graphite
Authors: Manoratne C. H , Rosa S. R. D. , Kottegoda I. R. M.
Published: July 2017

Attempts were made to synthesize high quality graphite oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by using successive oxidation-reduction process of high quality vein graphite from Sri Lanka. We report the lowest optimum reduction temperature for converting GO to rGO which has been systematically studied using X-ray diffraction spectroscope (XRD) with the high temperature heating attachment (HTA) for the first time. The effect of particle size of graphite on properties of GO and rGO is also compared using commercially available graphite of particle size of ~111 mm and ball-milled graphite of particle size ~37 mm. The GO and rGO were characterized using XRD, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The GO and rGO synthesized from ball-milled graphite showed higher oxidation and reduction properties as verified through the UV-Vis and FTIR analysis. The SEM analysis revealed that the splitting of graphene layers is efficiently taken place in GO from ball-milled graphite. The lowest optimum temperature for thermal reduction of GO to rGO was found to be at 475 °C. FTIR confirmed the removal of most of the functional groups in rGO and according to the BET surface area analysis few layers, supposed to be 2-6 is formed. The efficient oxidation and reduction process of smaller particle size graphite has led to yield highly oxidized GO and high quality rGO which can be used to prepare high quality graphene for future applications.
The online tourist fraud: the new measures of technological investigation in Spain
Authors: Aige M.ª Belén
Published: July 2017

The present article is about an examination of the new technological measures for the investigation, created by the Organic Act (Ley Orgánica) 13/2015, of 5th of October. These measures will serve us to improve de criminal investigation, especially on those crimes that are done by technological means, but also for the traditional crimes. Specifically, we are going to make an especial reference to the tourist fraud, which affects both consumers and entrepreneurs. This fraud is especially notable in the online contracts, as we will see above, because those contracts have increased the number of online frauds in the last years; in the tourism I am referring to the stealing of personal data and the creation of ghost companies or non-existent offers. In first place, we are going to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the online contracts, and also about the real necessity of new investigation means that finally have been satisfied with the introduction of the new technological measures of investigation, which we are going to analyse: the computerized undercover agent, the interception of the telematics and telephone communications, the recording of oral communications by electronic devices, the tracking, localization and recording images devices, the registry of mass storage devices and the remote registry of computer equipment.
EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF A THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM: IN-SITU COMPARISSON OF SEASONAL AND DAILY CLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: Fořt Jan , Beran Pavel , Konvalinka Petr , Pavlík Zbyšek , Černý Robert
Published: July 2017

The current outdated state of many institutional and administrative buildings in the EU region poses a significant burden from the energy sustainability point of view. According to the contemporary EU requirements on the energy efficiency of buildings maintenance, an evaluation of performed improvements is essential for the assessment of expended investments. This paper describes the effect of building envelope reconstruction works consisting in the installation of a thermal insulation system. Here, a long-term continuous monitoring is used for the extensive assessment of the seasonal and daily temperature and relative humidity fluctuations. The obtained results include temperature and relative humidity profiles in the wall cross-section as a response to the changing exterior climatic conditions. The analysis of measured data reveals substantial improvements in thermal stability of the analyzed wall during temperature peaks. While the indoor temperatures exceeding 28 °C are recorded during summer before application of the thermal insulation layer, the thermal stability of the indoor environment is distinctly upgraded after performed improvements. Based on the complex long-term monitoring, a relevant experience is gained for the future work on energy sustainability and fulfilment of the EU directives.
The October Revolution and the Survival of Capitalism
Authors: Patnaik Prabhat
Published: July 2017

The October Revolution was the first such event in human history that was theoretically conceived and executed according to a plan. It is this theoretical comprehension of the underlying historical conjuncture that explains the revolution's sweep and energy, the profound changes it wrought in the world, and the extent to which it threatened the very existence of capitalism.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Fake News on Russia and Other Official Enemies: The New York Times, 1917–2017
Authors: Herman Edward S.
Published: July 2017

Mainstream media outlets have recently expressed their dismay over the rise and spread of "fake news," taking it as an obvious truth that what they themselves provide is straightforward, unbiased, fact-based reporting. They do offer such news, but they also provide a steady flow of false or misleading information, often supplied by the national security state, other branches of government, and sites of corporate power.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Understanding the Tyler rationale: Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction in historical context
Authors: Wraga William G
Published: July 2017

This historical study attempts to contribute to our understanding of the widely recognized and widely critiqued Tyler rationale for the development of curriculum and instruction by explaining it in the historical context in which Ralph Tyler developed it, by tracing its origins in Tyler’s work, and by reconstructing a history of the course, Education 360, Tyler taught at the University of Chicago. This analysis found that Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, which emerged from Tyler’s field work with teachers and professors and his conception of evaluation, is best understood as a study guide that Tyler prepared for the use of his students in the course by that name that he taught during the 1940s and 1950s. This analysis found that Tyler’s rationale was remarkable in its time for its embrace of three curriculum sources, its conception of education essentially as experience, its approach to assessment as evaluation rather than as measurement, its approach to curriculum development as a problem-solving process, and its commitment to teacher participation in the development of curriculum and instruction.
Curriculum Theory and the Welfare State
Authors: Justice Benjamin
Published: July 2017

How do states make citizens? The question is as old as states themselves. Surprisingly, however, the approaches to answering it have emerged as a form of parallel play, uncoordinated (and poorly understood) across fields. This essay attempts to reconcile disparate realms of social research that address the question. The first, curriculum theory, grows out of educational research that for a century has focused almost exclusively on schools, schooling, and intentional settings for academic knowledge transmission. The second realm draws primarily on research from psychology, sociology, and political science to look empirically for effects of exposure to particular kinds of social phenomena. These include, but are not exclusive to, public institutions and policies. This essay begins by developing a mainstream conception of curriculum theory. It then compares and contrasts social science traditions that engage questions related to the state’s role in civic identity formation. Finally, it offers a case study on New York City’s controversial policing strategy known as Stop, Question, and Frisk, exploring how curriculum theory (developed in the context of mass schooling) can be a useful framework for understanding the educational features of a distinct social policy.
La enseñanza programada, la UNESCO y los intentos por modificar el currículum en la España desarrollista (1962-1974)
Authors: Gonzalez Delgado Mariano , Groves Tamar
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on studying the origin and evolution of the programmed learning in Spain. For this, an interpretation about the influence exerted by the international governmental organization for its implantation is emphasizes. First, the paper explains its beginnings in relation to the educational framework opened by UNESCO. The article continues with the explanation of the first criticisms that were established on this curricular policy. Finally, an attempt is made to give an explanation about its rapid decline. It concludes by indicating the importance of international and local social factors in understanding the historical construction of the curriculum in the Development Spain.
Grzeczność młodzieżowa – repliki na pochwały i komplementy
Authors: Gałczyńska Alicja
Published: July 2017

W artykule analizuję repliki aktów dodatniego wartościowania partnera: pochwał i komplementów. Koncentruję się jednak na języku młodzieży, ponieważ chcę pokazać zmiany zachodzące w zachowaniach grzecznościowych Polaków. Współczesne tendencje kulturowe mocno oddziałują zwłaszcza na młodzież, która – pod ich wpływem – często przewartościowuje dotychczasowe obyczaje i sposoby zachowań. Zmiany te najlepiej widoczne są właśnie w języku młodego pokolenia. Tradycyjną polską grzeczność można łączyć z postawą modestywną, czyli umniejszaniem roli własnej osoby. Współcześnie wśród zachowań młodzieżowych da się wskazać jednak takie, które zaprzeczają tej zasadzie. Są nimi między innymi odpowiedzi na komplementy i pochwały będące realizacją zasady zgadzania się ze współrozmówcą. Jest to nowe zachowanie językowe, zyskujące sobie jednak coraz więcej zwolenników, nie tylko wśród ludzi młodych.
Zmiany form adresatywnych w języku bułgarskim po roku 1990
Authors: Walczak-Mikołajczakowa Mariola
Published: July 2017

Artykuł dotyczy innowacji w obrębie grzeczności językowej w bułgarszczyźnie przełomu XX i XXI wieku. Tytułowe zmiany form adresatywnych rozpatrywane będą z diachronicznego punktu widzenia, na szerszym tle czasowym i kulturowym. Należy zauważyć, że przez wieki bułgarszczyzna nie znała form podobnych do polskiego pan / pani. Ludzie zwracali się do siebie po imieniu, na „ty”, bądź – kiedy zaistniała konieczność wyrażenia szacunku – używali dodatkowych określeń związanych z wiekiem lub statusem społecznym danej osoby, ale dalsza część wypowiedzi formułowana była w 2. osobie liczby pojedynczej. W bardziej „wyrafinowanych” kręgach obowiązywały formy господин i госпожа (o proweniencji cerkiewnosłowiańskiej), odbierane jako przestarzałe i nacechowane – tak są jeszcze odnotowane w słowniku języka bułgarskiego z 1976 roku. Po 1990 roku formy господин i госпожа straciły nacechowanie, stały się formami neutralnymi i powszechnie używanymi, choć przywyknięcie do nich nie było łatwe. Artykuł dotyczy różnych etapów odwykania od starych przyzwyczajeń i bolesnego czasami przywykania do nowych form. Ukazuje również różnice między formami adresatywnymi używanymi współcześnie przez różne środowiska.
The effect of short-term and long-term application of fisetin on experimentally induced airway hyperreactivity
Authors: Kazimierová I. , Pappová L. , Šútovská M. , Fraňová S.
Published: July 2017

Background: Fisetin, a derivate from the flavonol group may possess a variety of pharmacological effects. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the bronchodilatory effect of fisetin after the acute or the chronic administration to guinea pigs with allergic airway inflammation.

Methods: Experimental animals were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin. Fisetin was administered in dose 5mg/kg/p.o., either once after the end of 21-days sensitization or daily during the 21-days sensitization. By using the whole-body plethysmograph, we monitored the specific airway resistance, a parameter of airway hyperreactivity in vivo. The changes of the specific airway resistance were evaluated after the short-term inhalation of the bronchoconstriction mediator-histamine (10−6 mol.1−1).

Results: Our results showed that the short-term as well as the long-term administration of fisetin caused decrease of the specific airway resistance values. The bronchodilatory effect of fisetin was comparable to the long-acting beta2 sympathomimetic – salmeterol after the long-term administration. The measurements of the bronchodilatory activity after single administration have revealed more prolonged effect of fisetin comparing to the short-acting beta2 sympathomimetic – salbutamol, as this remained even after the 5 hours, when salbutamol was already ineffective.

Conclusion: In conclusion, flavonol – fisetin has shown bronchodilatory potential. In the light of this fact, fisetin may represent potential substance that can be effective in both prevention as well as control of airway inflammation symptoms.
Standing Waves in One-Dimensional Resonator Containing an Ideal Isothermal Gas Affected by the Constant Mass Force
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: July 2017

The study is devoted to standing acoustic waves in one-dimensional planar resonator which containing an ideal gas. A gas is affected by the constant mass force. Two types of physically justified boundary conditions are considered: zero velocity or zero excess pressure at both boundaries. The variety of nodal and antinodal points is determined. The conclusion is that the nodes of pressure and antinodes of velocity do not longer coincide, as well as antinodes of pressure and nodes of velocity. The entropy mode may contribute to the total field in a resonator. It is no longer isobaric, in contrast to the case when the external force is absent. Examples of perturbations inherent to the entropy mode in the volume of a resonator are discussed.
Active Transient Acousto-Structural Response Control of a Smart Cavity-Coupled Circular Plate System
Authors: Hasheminejad Seyyed M. , Shakeri Rezgar
Published: July 2017

The transient vibroacoustic response suppression of a piezo-coupled sandwich circular plate backed by a rigid-walled cylindrical acoustic enclosure is investigated. Problem formulation is based on the linear acoustic wave theory, Kirchhoff thin plate model, fluid/structure compatibility relations, Rayleigh integra formula, and active damping control (ADC) strategy. Matlab’s Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to identify and optimize the feedback controller gain parameter based on a multi-objective performance index function. Durbin’s numerical Laplace inversion scheme is then used to calculate the key acousto-structural response parameters due to a transverse impulsive shock force for selected cavity depths. Numerical simulations demonstrate satisfactory performance of adopted control methodology in effective suppression of panel displacement response and radiated external sound pressure for enclosures of shallow and moderate depths. Limiting cases are considered and accuracy of the proposed model is rigorously verified.
Evaluation of the Technical Condition of the Active Part of the High Power Transformer Based on Measurements and Analysis of Vibroacoustic Signals
Authors: Borucki Sebastian , Cichoń Andrzej , Majchrzak Henryk , Zmarzły Dariusz
Published: July 2017

This article presents the results of research connected with the development and industrial use of vibroacoustic methods for the evaluation of the technical condition of the active part of transformers. The article presents the results of the analysis of vibrations generated by the high power transformer in which a defect was found on the basis of tests of oil carried out using the chromatography tests. In order to confirm the damage of the active part of this transformer, vibroacoustic measurements were performed in three states of its operation. The measurement using the classical vibroacoustic method included the registration of vibrations at the idle speed and during the load operation of the transformer. The original diagnostic method, so-called the modified vibroacoustic method, was also used during the measurement. The analysis of signals recorded using the classical vibroacoustic method was carried out in the frequency domain by indicating the amplitude of even harmonic vibrations. However, the analysis of signals measured during the commissioning of the transformer was conducted in the time-frequency domain using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). On the basis of the analysis of the results obtained it was stated that the increased level of vibrations of this transformer is a consequence of the loss of rigidity of the mechanical structure of its core.
Circulating CD89-IgA complex does not predict deterioration of kidney function in Korean patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Jhee Jong Hyun , Kang Hye-Young , Wu Meiyan , Nam Bo Young , Chang Tae-Ik , Jung Su-Young , Park Seohyun , Kim Hyoungnae , Yun Hae-Ryong , Kee Youn Kyung , Yoon Chang-Yun , Park Jung Tak , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook , Han Seung Hyeok
Published: July 2017

Background:

Soluble CD89 (sCD89)-IgA complex plays a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, there is a lack of evidence supporting this complex as a good biomarker for disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of sCD89-IgA complex for risk stratification of IgAN.

Methods:

A total of 326 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN were included. sCD89-IgA complex was measured by sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study endpoints were a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results:

sCD89-IgA complex levels were inversely and weakly associated with eGFR at the time of biopsy (r=−0.12, p=0.03). However, the significance between the two factors was lost in the multivariate linear regression after adjustment of clinical factors (β=0.35, p=0.75). In a multivariate Cox model, the highest (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–1.61; p=0.45) and middle (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.46–1.89; p=0.84) tertiles of sCD89-IgA complex levels were not associated with an increased risk of developing a 30% decrease in eGFR. Furthermore, the decline rates in eGFR did not differ between groups and C-statistics revealed that the sCD89-IgA complex were not superior to clinical factors in predicting disease progression.

Conclusions:

This study found no association between sCD89-IgA complex levels and disease progression in IgAN. Although sCD89 can contribute to the formation of immune complexes, our findings suggest that the sCD89-IgA level is not a good predictor of adverse outcomes and has limited clinical utility as a biomarker for risk stratification in IgAN.
Generalized Higher Derivations on Lie Ideals of Triangular Algebras
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Parveen Nazia , Wani Bilal Ahmad
Published: July 2017

Let be the triangular algebra consisting of unital algebras A and B over a commutative ring R with identity 1 and M be a unital (A; B)-bimodule. An additive subgroup L of A is said to be a Lie ideal of A if [L;A] ⊆ L. A non-central square closed Lie ideal L of A is known as an admissible Lie ideal. The main result of the present paper states that under certain restrictions on A, every generalized Jordan triple higher derivation of L into A is a generalized higher derivation of L into A.
Erratum to: Variations by generalized symmetries of local Noether strong currents equivalent to global canonical Noether currents
Authors: Palese Marcella
Published: July 2017

We correct misprints in a formula in the last sentence at the end of page 129; the first paragraph of subsection 4:1; misprints at the end of page 132 and in Proposition 1 at page 133 of the paper ‘Variations by generalized symmetries of local Noether strong currents equivalent to global canonical Noether currents’, Communications in Mathematics 24 (2016), 125-135. DOI: 10.1515/cm-2016-0009
One Hundred Years of the Galerkin Method
Authors: Repin Sergey
Published: July 2017

In 2016, the biennial conference Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics (CMAM) was dedicated to a remarkable event: the hundredth anniversary of the Galerkin method.
This special volume of the same name journal is mainly based on the papers of participants of this conference. The introductory article contains a brief description of the origin and development of the Galerkin method and gives an overview of the conference, which was held at the University of Jyväskylä (Finland), July 31 – August 6, 2016.
Influence of polyaniline/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites on alkyd coatings against the corrosion of carbon steel alloy
Authors: Farag Ahmed A. , Kabel Khalid I. , Elnaggar Elsayed M. , Al-Gamal Abdalrhman G.
Published: July 2017

Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the investigated compounds. The synthesized composite is formulated as pigments in alkyd resin with different pigment-binder (P/B) ratios and investigated as anticorrosive coatings on carbon steel in 1mHCl using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The protection mechanism of PANI occurred through the barrier and passivation effect on the carbon steel surface. The encapsulation and dispersion of MWCNTs into the PANI matrix promoted the anticorrosive efficiency of the alkyd coating.
Comparison of a Modified and Classic Fama-French Model for the Polish Market
Authors: Urbański Stanisław
Published: July 2017

This paper shows a comparison of the results of return, risk, and risk price simulation by a modified and classic Fama-French model. The modified model defines the new ICAPM state variable as a function of the structure of a company’s past financial results. The model tests are run on the basis of stocks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In light of the classic model the risk price, on the tested market, turned out univariate due to HML, however, in light of the modified model, risk price turned out to be threedimensional due to the proposed factors, and market portfolio. The factors of the modified model, compared with the HML and SMB, are widely perceived by portfolio managers, and the simulation results indicate a greater possibility to use this pricing application by large institutional investors.
Preliminary analysis of amplicon high-throughput sequencing as a method for the assessment of fungal diversity in discolored wood
Authors: Ma Xingxia , Jiang Mingliang , Liu Junliang , Deng Hao , Wang Shuangyong
Published: July 2017

The diversity of stain fungi is important if wood is inhabited with various fungi, and the discoloration mechanism will be better understood. MiSeq amplicon high-throughput sequencing (Illumina®) is able to detect species richness (the number of species within a community) and species evenness (the sizes of species populations within a community). This study detected fungal diversity in discolored Mongolian pine for the first time by the MiSeq approach, focusing on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1). The results show that the discolored wood was inhabited by a combination of microorganisms, more than 90% of which belong toAscomycotafungi at the phylum level. The MiSeq method revealed not only all the inhabited fungal species but also their quantitative relation to each other. The dominant fungal species in sample A areHelotiales(34.1%) andHypocreales(20.7%). The dominant fungal species in sample B isNectriaceae(67.9%), whileHypocrea(34.7%) andSporothrix(27.6%) are the dominant fungal species in sample C. It was confirmed via core microbiome analysis that the following fungi were common stain fungi in the three discolored samples:Fusariumspp.,Aspergillusspp.,Sporothrixspp.,Penicilliumspp.,Trichodermaspp.,Alternariaspp. andCladophialophoraspp.
Modeling of the Hot Flow Behaviors for Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru Alloy by GA-BPNN Model and Its Application
Authors: Zhou Yu-ting , Xia Yu-feng , Jiang Lai , Long Shuai , Yang Dong
Published: July 2017

A series of compression tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru titanium alloy in nine temperatures between 750 and 1150 °C and a strain rate range of 0.01 to 10s−1. The hot deformation behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru showed highly non-linear intrinsic relationships with temperature, strain and strain rate. The flow curves exhibited different softening mechanisms, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and dynamic recovery (DRV). In this study, the rheological behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru were modeled using a special hybrid prediction model, where genetic algorithm (GA) was implemented to do a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) weights optimization, namely GA-BPNN. Subsequently, the predicted results were compared with experimental values and GA-BPNN model showed the ability to predict the flow behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru with superior accuracy. Then a 3-D continuous interaction space was constructed to visually reveal the successive relationships among processing parameters. Finally, the predicted data were applied to process simulation and accuracy results were achieved.
Communities of message senders and recipients in legal settings and their communicative needs. The translator’s perspective
Authors: Matulewska Aleksandra
Published: July 2017

This presentation will be devoted to types of communities communicating in legal settings for various purposes. The author will focus on the communicative needs of message senders and recipients and communication strategies they may employ from the translator’s perspective. The focus of the presentation will be placed on the communication reality and the choice of the translation strategy which should be applied in the translation or interpretation process. The research hypothesis is put forward that the more homogeneous the communicative community of message senders and recipients is, the easier the translator’s choices in respect to the translation strategy are. Consequently, the more heterogenous the communicative community is, the more difficult it is to meet the expectations of all members of the community in question. The process of choosing sufficient equivalents requires determining the communicative needs of communication process participants. However, sometimes needs and expectations of communication process participants are contradictory. Additionally, not identifying communication problems properly may result in dire consequences affecting the life of persons involved in the process of communication in legal settings. The relations binding participants to communication may be very complex. The consequences of improper identification of communicative needs of message senders and recipients will be illustrated with real-life examples of such distortions in legal communication.
Acute Contact Toxicity of Six Pesticides in Honeybees (Apis Mellifera Meda) in Iran
Authors: Rasuli Farhang , Rafie Javad Nazemi , Sadeghi Amin
Published: July 2017

Pollination has an important role in both agricultural production and wild plant reproduction. For the pollination of crops, agriculture relies largely on managed colonies of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Worker bees are primarily affected by pesticides. The symptoms of poisoning vary depending on the developmental stage of the individual bee and kind of chemical employed. The acute contact toxicity of insecticides (phosalone and pirimicarb), acaricide (propargite), insecticide and acaricide (fenpropathrin), fungicides and bactericides (copper oxychloride and bordeaux mixture) was assessed in Iran through laboratory experiments. The median lethal concentrations (LC50-24h, LC50-48h and LC50-72h) were evaluated for the purposes of this research. Results showed that fenpropathrin had high toxicity; LC50-24h, LC50-48h and LC50-72h were 5.7, 3.2 and 2.9 ppm respectively. Additionally, the bordeaux mixture had the minimum contact toxicity on honeybees with LC50-24h, LC50-48h and LC50-72h being 79,926; 69,552 and 69,045 ppm respectively and was safe and non-toxic in honeybees.
Effects of quinine on gastric ulcer healing in Wistar rats
Authors: Adeniyi Olasupo Stephen , Makinde Olubiyi Vincent , Friday Emmanuel Titus , Olaleye Samuel Babafemi
Published: July 2017

Background

Quinine (QT) is an important anti-malarial drug; however, there is little information about its effects on the gut. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a therapeutic dose of QT on the healing of gastric ulcer in rats.

Methods

Male Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were divided into three groups: control rats without ulcer (group 1), ulcerated rats treated with 1 mL/kg (p.o.) normal saline (NS) (group 2), and ulcerated rats treated with 10 mg/kg (p.o.) QT (group 3). Ulcers were induced by serosal application of 80 % acetic acid to the stomach of rats anaesthetized with 50 mg/kg thiopentone sodium and treatment was given three times daily. Healing was assessed on days 3, 7 and 10 after ulcer induction by macroscopic measurement of: ulcer area, histology, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity and gastric mucus secretion.

Results

At day 3, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in ulcer areas between NS- and QT-treated rats. By day 10, however, the percentage area healed in NS treated (59.6±2.35 %) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in QT rats (49.0±2.20 %) and clearing of inflammatory cells and re-epithelization was greater in NS-treated group. By days 7 and 10, lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in QT animals, when compared with NS-treated rats and controls (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity and mucus secretion were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NS-treated than QT-treated rats.

Conclusions

QT delayed ulcer healing by prolonging the inflammatory phase of healing, increasing oxidative stress, reducing antioxidant activity and gastric mucus secretion
Relevance- and Frequency-Enabled Trip Planning Model Based on Socio-economic Status
Authors: Sesham Anand , Padmanabham P. , Govardhan A. , Kulkarni Rajesh
Published: July 2017

Planning a trip not only depends on the traveling cost, time, and path, but also on the socio-economic status of the traveler. This paper attempts to introduce a new trip planning model that is able to work on real-time data with multiple socio-economic constraints. The proposed trip planning model processes real-time data to extract the relevant socio-economic attributes; later, it mines the most frequent as well as the feasible attributes to plan the trip. The relevance of the socio-economic constraints is defined using correlations, whereas the frequent as well as the feasible attributes are mined through the sequential pattern mining approach. Real-time travel information of about 38,303 trips was acquired from the Indian city of Hyderabad, and the proposed model was subjected to experimentation. The proposed model maintained a substantial trade-off between multiple performance metrics, though the trip mean model performed statistically.
Preventive Maintenance Optimization and Comparison of Genetic Algorithm Models in a Series–Parallel Multi-State System
Authors: Maatouk Imane , Jarkass Iman , Châtelet Eric , Chebbo Nazir
Published: July 2017

In this research, different optimization models are developed to solve the preventive maintenance (PM) optimization problem in a maintainable multi-state series–parallel system. The objective is to determine for each component in the system the maintenance period minimizing a cost function under the constraint of required availability and for a specified horizon of time. Four genetic models based on the cost associated with maintenance schedule and availability characteristic parameters are constructed and analyzed. They are genetic algorithm (GA), hybridization GA and local search (GA-LS), fuzzy logic controlled GA (FLC-GA), and hybridization FLC-GA and LS. The experiment analyzes and compares the efficiency between them. These experiments investigate the effect of the parameters of the GA on the structure of optimal PM schedules in multi-state multi-component series–parallel systems. Results show that the hybridization FLC-GA and LS outperform the other algorithms.
Circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and placental growth factor from 10 to 40 weeks’ pregnancy in normotensive women
Authors: Wataganara Tuangsit , Pratumvinit Busadee , Lahfahroengron Piyaporn , Pooliam Julaporn , Talungchit Pattarawalai , Leetheeragul Jarunee , Sukpanichnant Sathien
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are potential markers for preeclampsia. The objective was to construct and analyse the reference ranges of serum levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF throughout the course of pregnancy in low-risk Thai pregnant women.

Methods:

We enrolled 110 low-risk, Thai women singleton pregnancy from 10 to 40 gestational weeks. Serum concentrations of sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured with an automated assay. The reference ranges of serum levels of sFlt-1, PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were constructed and assessed for possible correlations with gestational age, maternal factors [age, parity, tobacco use, artificial reproductive technologies (ARTS) and body mass index (BMI)], and pregnancy outcomes (gestational age at delivery, development of preeclampsia, neonatal birth weight and placental weight).

Results:

None of the subjects developed preeclampsia. Serum sFlt-1 concentrations significantly elevated from 20 to 40 gestational weeks (P=0.003). Significant elevation and dropping of serum PlGF levels and sFlt-1/PlGF ratios were observed at 10 to 29 and 30 to 40 weeks of gestation, respectively (P<0.001). There was an inversed correlation between serum PlGF levels at 20 to 29 gestational weeks and neonatal birth weights (r=−0.48, P<0.05). There were no associations between serum levels of sFlt-1, PlGF, or sFlt-1/PlGF ratios and maternal BMI, gestational age at delivery, or placental weight (P>0.05). Effects from parity, smoking and ARTS were inconclusive.

Conclusion:

Robust change of serum PlGF levels suggests for its broader clinical application compared to sFlt-1. Prediction of preeclampsia using serum analytes may be gestational period specific.
Hepatitis B virus genotype E infection among Egyptian health care workers
Authors: Elmaghloub Reem , Elbahrawy Ashraf , Didamony Gamal El , Elwassief Ahmed , Saied Mohammad Abdel-Gawad , Alashker Ahmed , Zedan Hendawy , Abdallah Abdallah Mahmoud , Hemidah Mahmoud Haddad , Elmestikawy Amr , Fayoumei Mohamed El , Shahba Hossam , Gawish Ahmed , Morsy Mohamed Hanafy , Hashim Alaa , Abdelbaseer Mohamed Ali , Ueda Yoshihide , Chiba Tsutomu , Abdelhafeez Hafez
Published: July 2017

Background and Objectives

Health Care Workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of needle stick injuries and HBV infection in Egypt; this problem is further aggravated by low Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination coverage. Limited data are available on the prevalence of HBV infection in Egyptian HCWs. In this study, we aimed to assess the HBV infection rate and genotypes among Egyptian HCWs.

Methods

Five hundred and sixty-four (564) HCWs were included. Of them, 258 (45.74%) were health care providers and 306 (54.25%) were non-health care providers. All HCWs completed both the study questionnaires and provided a blood sample for HBV testing. Indeed, all HCWs were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to Hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HBVDNA was checked for HCWs who tested positive for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc, by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). HBVDNA positive HCWs were further subjected to HBV genotyping.

Results

The mean age of included HCWs was 33.0 ± 9.8 years, of whom 319 (56.56%) were males. The mean duration of health care work was 9.3 ± 6.7 years. The frequency of HBsAg and anti-HBc were 1.4%, and 24.5%, respectively. Old age and prolonged duration of health care work were significantly associated with anti-HBc seropositivity. Among 140 HCWs positive for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc, 14 (10 %) had positive HBVDNA by PCR. HBV/E (n = 7), HBV/D (n = 3) and co-infection with E and D (n = 4) genotypes were detected.

Conclusion

Egyptian HCWs have a significantly high rate of HBV exposure. The detection of HBV/E genotype among Egyptian HCWs suggests prevalent transmission of HBV/E among Egyptian populations.
Prediction of survival following percutaneous biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Tuqan Wa’el , Innabi Ayoub , Alawneh Alia , Farsakh Fadi Abu , Al-Khatib Maan
Published: July 2017

Background and Objectives

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drain is an intervention used to relieve malignant biliary obstruction. This study aims to explore survival after biliary drain insertion, predictive factors of survival and effectiveness to reduce total bilirubin level.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 72 patients who had malignant biliary obstruction and received biliary drain during the time period between March 2005 and February 2015.

Results

Median patients’ age was 56 years. 38 (52.7%) were males, 34(47.2%) were females. Median survival post biliary drain insertion was 46 days, 95% C/I (37.92–54.02), range (2–453 days). 1, 3, and 6 month survival rates were 64.7%, 26.5%, and 7.4% respectively. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression model showed the presence of ascites to be significant predictors of survival, other factors analyzed were: total bilirubin, serum creatinine, international normalization ratio, serum albumin, pleural effusion and liver metastasis.

Conclusion

Survival after biliary drain insertion can vary from few days to few months. Presence of ascites is an independent predictor of survival after this intervention.
The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: St Onge Erin , Miller Shannon , Clements Elizabeth , Celauro Lindsay , Barnes Ke’la
Published: July 2017

The role of GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes have been shown to be viable options for add-on therapy in diabetic patients, as well as potential monotherapy options. With six available GLP-1 agents, and new combination products in the pipeline, they are a promising drug class for type 2 diabetic patients, especially due to their extended dosing interval and potential weight loss benefits.
Do degree adverbs guide adjective learning crosslinguistically? A comparison of Dutch and Russian
Authors: Tribushinina Elena
Published: July 2017

A fundamental question in language acquisition research is how language-specific input interacts with (pre-linguistic) universal concepts. In order to shed more light on this issue, the present paper reports the results of two experiments, set up as a modified version of Syrett, Kristen & Jeffrey Lidz. 2010. 30-month-olds use the distribution and meaning of adverbs to interpret novel adjectives.
Curricularer Anspruch und unterrichtliche Wirklichkeit: Die Verortung lateinischer Texte des Mittelalters in Lehrplänen und Lehrwerken sowie Möglichkeiten im Schulunterricht
Authors: Wasserfuhr Mario-Marcel
Published: July 2017

The following article examines the position of medieval Latin literature within German school curricula and school books. It stresses the importance of reading and studying medieval Latin texts as a way to a more complete as well as interdisciplinary school and university education. In this respect, two possible topics for school lessons are discussed: first, medieval Latin letters as an example of continuity and reception of a literary genre; second, the comparative analysis of medieval European cartography and corresponding texts as an interdisciplinary approach to the study of medieval worldviews.
‚Komponist‘ und ‚Komponieren‘ im frühen Mittelalter zwischen Umbruch und Kontinuität
Authors: Klaper Michael
Published: July 2017

Since around 800 in Europe, new music has been constantly created to an ever increasing degree, so that the early 9th century has the character of an epochal shift in music history. The creation of new music, first of broadly liturgical chants, is testified, on the one hand, by manuscripts transmitting texts and melodies, and on the other hand by literary sources (chronicles, lives of saints, etc.) which speak of the production of new musical items. It has often been doubted whether these creative processes can be qualified as acts of ‘composing’ in the modern sense of the word. In this essay, however, the main question will be what can be learned by the existing sources, if one asks what kind of information they offer regarding an early-medieval attitude towards ‘composers’ of music and the nature of their activities. In addition, it seems that this discourse had its beginnings mainly in the 9th century, and that it retained certain traits, and remained faithful to a restricted number of ideas (such as questions of
Measurement of Surface Profile and Surface Roughness of Fibre-Optic Interconnect by Fast Fourier Transform
Authors: Lin Chern S. , Yang Shih W. , Lin Hung L. , Li Jhih W.
Published: July 2017

This study proposes a surface profile and roughness measurement system for a fibre-optic interconnect based on optical interferometry. On the principle of Fizeau interferometer, an interference fringe is formed on the fibre end-face of the fibre-optic interconnect, and the fringe pattern is analysed using the Fast Fourier transform method to reconstruct the surface profile. However, as the obtained surface profile contains some amount of tilt, a rule for estimating this tilt value is developed in this paper. The actual fibre end-face surface profile is obtained by subtracting the estimated tilt amount from the surface profile, as calculated by the Fast Fourier transform method, and the corresponding surface roughness can be determined. The proposed system is characterized by non-contact measurement, and the sample is not coated with a reflector during measurement. According to the experimental results, the difference between the roughness measurement result of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and the measurement result of this system is less than 3 nm.
The Influence of One’s Own Database on the Accuracy of Forecasting Future Movements of Investment Portfolio Value
Authors: Trančar Vesna
Published: July 2017

The main purpose of this article is to present the test results of the hypothesis that the use of one’s own (and foreign) database (used by investment portfolio managers to create indicators of individual stock analyses) has an effect on the accuracy of forecasting future movements of investment portfolio value. In addition to the use of different indicators and methods of stock analysis, the creation of an optimal investment portfolio requires assessment of the suitability and adequacy of the database used in investment portfolio managers′ decisionmaking process; in other words, it is necessary to determine which stocks are to be included in the specific investment portfolio and which are not. The problem of the selection and use of different databases is linked to the question of determining the importance of numerous relevant elements when creating an optimal investment portfolio.
Application of field studies and geostatistical methods in assessment of odour nuisance based on selected examples from municipal, industrial and agricultural environments
Authors: Sówka Izabela , Pachurka Łukasz , Bezyk Yarosław , Grzelka Agnieszka , Miller Urszula
Published: July 2017

In Europe and around the world, field studies conducted in areas surrounding the odour source are used for evaluating the odour nuisance and for emission studies. In Europe, the Standards of the Association of German Engineers (VDI) - VDI 3940 series - for grid and odour-plume measurements are used. Carrying out this type of research allows for the assessment of olfactory air quality in a ‘quantitative’ analysis by characterizing a particular odour in terms of its impact and its frequency. In addition, in order to analyse and visualize the distribution of odours occurring in a certain area, by using the results of field studies, the Geographical Information System (GIS) tools may be applied. The research methodology, including the results of field measurements and geostatistical analysis in the assessment of odour nuisance, could be very important tools for the determination and spatial interpolation of odour intensity distributions and studying the range of odorous plumes. This paper presents the results of field measurements and geostatistical analysis conducted for selected municipal, industrial and agricultural sectors objects.