bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purse Seine Vessel Design under 100 GT Based on the Characteristics of South Sulawesi Waters in Indonesia
Authors: Alham Irawan , Paharuddin  , Lendri  , Husniati
Published: May 2023

The waters of the Makassar Strait of South Sulawesi, where various Purse Seine vessels operate, have characteristics of very high biodiversity, the strength of very strong ocean currents, and the temperature and cultural characteristics of Bugisness and Makassar fishermen. It is necessary to design a purse seine ship that perfectly matches the designs of traditional ships operating in South Sulawesi waters so far. This research aims to create a purse seine vessel design under 100GT with International Maritime Organization standards that match the characteristics of the Makassar Strait. The Design Implementation Method is carried out by considering the length, width, height, shape of the ship's body, the volume of loading space, and construction weight by analyzing the main dimension ratio, hydrostatic parameter analysis and purse seine ship stability analysis. The design results were carried out using a length of 24 meters, width of 4.4 meters, and height of 1.9 meters. The shape of the purse seine vessel body is V-bottom shape, and the middle part towards the stern is U-V flat bottom. The tamping capacity of the first, Second and Third loading room size Volume is 29.48, 26.87 and 15.98 tons, respectively, and The Stowage factor fish is 0.5 tons/m. Ship stability or KG value to three conditions, namely the state of the ship heading to the fishing ground has a KG/VCG fluid value of 1.25 m, this value meets the IMO recommended standards, the second condition is the ship conducting fishing operations, the KG/VCG fluid value in the second condition is 1.22, and the third condition is the condition of the ship heading back to the fishing base, the KG/VCG value of 1.25 meters. The VCG/KG value of the three conditions has met the minimum value issued by IMO. The shape of the ship's body at the bow forms a "V-bottom" model, and at midship to stern has two forms of the ship's body, namely, a Round bottom and U-V flat bottom following the characteristics of South Sulawesi Waters.
Moments of crisis: climate change in Scottish prehistory
Authors: Tipping Richard , Bradley Richard , Sanders Jeff , McCulloch Robert , Wilson Robert
Published: May 2023

There is strong evidence for many key turning points in Scottish and north-west European prehistory – what we call moments of 'crisis' – to be associated with evidence for widespread and abrupt natural changes in climate. Association or coincidence are not cause, though, and the testing of specific hypotheses to establish this relation is needed. The timing of these moments of abrupt climatic change in Scottish prehistory is proposed in a review of the many new data-sets of prehistoric climate change affecting the North Atlantic region. The case is made that Scotland in prehistory, because of its location in the North Atlantic region, should become a testing-ground of the relation between prehistoric society and climate change, to move debate beyond merely coincidence matching.
An Artificial Compartmentalized Biocatalytic Cascade System Constructed With Enzyme‐Caged Reticulate Nanoporous Membranes
Authors: Oh Wangsuk , Jeong Dawoon , Park Ji‐Woong
Published: May 2023

Compartmentalization is a ubiquitous feature of life, with a membrane interface that regulates molecular transport and exhibits bioactivities. An artificial enzyme‐integrated membrane cascade system can mimic such interactive properties across different length scales for in vitro application. Here, it is shown that a reticulated nanoporous framework membrane with nano‐caged enzymes presents the first modular macroscale platform for the compartmentalized biocatalytic system interfaced with an external medium. Catalase (CAT)‐integrated polyurea membrane scaffold is prepared by a simple pressurization procedure for a model cyclic cascade of glucose oxidase/catalase (GOx/CAT). The bicontinuous nanoporous membrane readily constructs a compartmentalized system interfacing the glucose/GOx solution and the external environment and mediates glucose oxidation by a cascade reaction under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Furthermore, the membrane compartment exhibits multiple bioactive capabilities and barrier properties, including hydrogen peroxide detoxification, in situ oxygen generation, and protease exclusion. This work suggests a new strategy toward a robust modular biocatalytic membranous interface to mediate biochemical reaction cascades occurring in a compartment interfaced to an external environment, promising for potential applications in biohybrid devices embedded with tissues and cells.
A Biocompatible Dual‐Sided Hernia Mesh with Side‐Specific Properties
Authors: Saha Tanushree , Sarker Satya Ranjan , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Padhye Rajiv , Wang Xin , Houshyar Shadi
Published: May 2023

Polypropylene (PP) based hernia mesh often shows multiple post‐surgery complications due to lack of biocompatibility, poor cell attachment, and unwanted tissue adhesion. These limitations can be addressed by material designing and surface modification of a mesh with side‐specific properties such as the visceral side (facing intestine) with low protein and cell attachment and the parietal side (facing incision) with improved cell attachment properties for normal healing. However, the development of dual‐sided mesh is very challenging because of its porous structure. Herein, a dual‐sided biocompatible mesh with protein anti‐adsorption and cell attachment properties on two different sides is developed by grafting highly hydrophilic 2‐methcryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer (PMPC) on the plasma‐activated visceral side, while the parietal side is coated with bioactive chitosan and functionalized nanodiamond (Chi/FND) using a temporary polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mold. The PMPC‐grafted side demonstrated excellent resistance to protein adsorption (96% reduction compared to PP) and cell attachment. However, the bioactive coating on the parietal side has significantly improved cell attachment and proliferation properties. In addition, both sides confirmed the presence of the respective biomaterials after an accelerated degradation study for 28 days. Hence, the newly developed dual‐sided mesh by semi‐solid polymer mold (SSPM) method is a promising candidate to address the long‐existing multiple issues of hernia mesh.
Fabrication of Thermoresponsive and Multimaterial Hydrogel Sheets by Spatially Controlled Aspiration and Interconnection of Microgel Building Blocks
Authors: Weigel Niclas , Grigoryev Evgeny , Fertala Nicole , Thiele Julian
Published: May 2023

Polymer materials made from hierarchically assembled building blocks form a promising material class for engineering complex systems with integrated functionality for biological or electronic applications. Herein, this work utilizes an aspiration‐based process involving a hole‐bearing glass plate to align and interconnect acrylamide‐ and N‐isopropylacrylamide‐based microgels fabricated via emulsion formation in 3D‐printed microfluidics. By tuning hole diameter and inter‐hole distance as well as microgel deformability, mechanically stable, freestanding microgel constructs are obtained, which withstand shaking, ultrasonication, and swelling–shrinking cycles. By segmentally controlling aspiration at the hole‐bearing glass plate, freestanding multimaterial sheets consisting of two different microgel species are obtained. The microgel assembly process is the first step toward fabricating hydrogel‐based materials with spatially controlled functionality, which is an essential step toward system integration in polymer materials.
Micropatternable Janus Paper as a Wearable Skin Patch for Sweat Collection and Analysis
Authors: Gao Yang , Choi Seokheun
Published: May 2023

Single‐use paper‐based wearable devices are receiving increasing attention as a novel platform for disposable, inexpensive, noninvasive, and real‐time sweat monitoring. The bidirectional liquid transport nature of paper is the most critical barrier to effectively controlling sweat samples for reliable and accurate sweat analysis. Excessive or additionally released sweat significantly interferes with analysis when mixed with old sweat. Moreover, bio‐receptors pre‐loaded in the sensing areas can backflow and move to another sensing region generating a cross‐talk issue. This work enables effective sweat sampling and delivery in paper by facilitating unidirectional sweat transport from the skin to the sensing reservoir. The design and fabrication of a single‐layered paper membrane to achieve Janus‐type properties, which only allow moisture to flow in one direction is introduced. When the hydrophobic side of the Janus paper is placed on the skin, sweat is unidirectionally self‐pumped from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic sensing areas, but not the reverse. The fabrication takes two steps including easy automatic and scalable printing of hydrophobic micropatterns on paper and simple heating of the printed paper for the wax penetration. Quantitative colorimetric assessment of pH, chloride, sodium, and glucose in sweat is simultaneously performed without cross‐talk between the sensing regions.
Chiral Smith–Purcell Radiation Light Source
Authors: Dang Zhibo , Huang Yijing , Liu Zhixin , Zheng Liheng , He Xiao , Liu Zhengchang , Dai Yuchen , Fang Zheyu
Published: May 2023

Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR) with broadly tunable spectra has attracted attention in light emission, and this free‐electron‐driven source shows great potential in illumination fields, such as terahertz sources, ultra‐compact light sources, free‐electron lasers, etc. However, it remains difficult to control the polarization properties of SPR and realize a free‐electron chiral light source. In this work, the chiral SPR with the maximum chirality (>40%) is acquired in a periodic stacked nanosquare light‐well, and the radiation chirality is manipulated by variations of the designed electron beam excitation positions. Furthermore, this work reveals that the chiroptical effect originates in the superposition of SPRs with different phases and polarization, which are derived from adjacent sidewalls. This work may deepen the comprehension of electron‐matter interaction and facilitate the development of compact electron‐driven chirality‐tunable source‐on‐chip, highlighting potential applications in photonic integration and binary data processing.
Photocatalytic Microplastics “On‐The‐fly” Degradation via Motile Quantum Materials‐Based Microrobots
Authors: Jancik‐Prochazkova Anna , Jašek Vojtěch , Figalla Silvestr , Pumera Martin
Published: May 2023

Nano/micro‐plastics pollution is an emerging global concern. A variety of biodegradable polymers have been synthesized to enhance the degradation of plastic materials and thereby avoid their accumulation in the environment. However, even biodegradable polymers can accumulate in environments under specific conditions and present a potential hazard. Here, antimony sulfide‐based microrobots decorated with magnetite nanoparticles are designed for microplastics degradation. The propulsion of microrobots is enabled by two independent orthogonal physical modes via magnetic field and via light irradiation. Due to phoretic interactions, the microrobots exhibit affinity toward poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microplastics, which enables subsequent transport of the microplastics in a transversal rotating magnetic field. The photocatalytic activity of Sb2S3 quantum material provides microrobots with the ability to degrade the microplastics under UV light irradiation in the “on‐the‐fly” regime without the need for any fuel. This proof‐of‐concept work shows efficient capture, transport, and photocatalytic degradation of microplastics and paves the way toward their elimination, especially in water environments.
Direct Synthesis of Fused Thienoindoles via Base Promoted Double C−H Sulfuration with Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Chen Shanping , Hu Kai , Feng Wei , Mao Guojiang , Li Yuxia , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: May 2023

A direct strategy for the preparation of fused thienoindoles from substituted indoles and elemental sulfur has been reported. The present approach produces a range of structurally valuable fused thienoindoles in 51–78% yield under transition‐metal‐free conditions, which may have potential applications in pharmaceutical industry and organic functional materials. In this work, the double C−S bonds formation is achieved via base promoted direct sulfuration of C−H bonds with elemental sulfur.
Self‐Propelled Enzymatic Nanomotors from Prodrug‐Skeletal Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Boosting Multimodel Cancer Therapy Efficiency
Authors: Yu Jieyu , Li Yan , Yan An , Gao Yuwei , Xiao Fei , Xu Zhengwei , Xu Jiayun , Yu Shuangjiang , Liu Junqiu , Sun Hongcheng
Published: May 2023

Self‐propelled nanomotors, which can autonomous propelled by harnessing others type of energy, have shown tremendous potential as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. However, it remains challenging for nanomotors in tumor theranostics because of their structural complexity and deficient therapeutic model. Herein, glucose‐fueled enzymatic nanomotors (GC6@cPt ZIFs) are developed through encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx), catalase (CAT), and chlorin e6 (Ce6) using cisplatin‐skeletal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (cPt ZIFs) for synergetic photochemotherapy. The GC6@cPt ZIFs nanomotors can produce O2 through enzymatic cascade reactions for propelling the self‐propulsion. Trans‐well chamber and multicellular tumor spheroids experiments demonstrate the deep penetration and high accumulation of GC6@cPt nanomotors. Importantly, the glucose‐fueled nanomotor can release the chemotherapeutic cPt and generate reactive oxygen species under laser irradiation, and simultaneously consume intratumoral over‐expressed glutathione. Mechanistically, such processes can inhibit cancer cell energy and destroy intratumoral redox balance to synergistically damage DNA and induce tumor cell apoptosis. Collectively, this work demonstrates that the self‐propelled prodrug‐skeleton nanomotors with oxidative stress activation can highlight a robust therapeutic capability of oxidants amplification and glutathione depletion to boost the synergetic cancer therapy efficiency.
Model‐based systems engineering approaches to chemicals and materials manufacturing
Authors: Le Quang , Feingold Joshua , Glandorf William , Kent Jeff , Sherman Robert , Ferri James K.
Published: May 2023

Model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is part of a long‐term trend toward model‐centric approaches adopted by many engineering disciplines. We establish the need of an MBSE approach by reviewing the importance, complexity, and vulnerability of the U.S. chemical supply chains. We discuss the origins, work processes, modeling approaches, and supporting tools of the systems engineering discipline (SE) and discuss limitations of the Process Systems Engineering (PSE) framework. We make the case for MBSE as a more generalizable approach. We introduce systems modeling strategies for MBSE, and a novel MBSE method that supports the automation tailored and extended to support the analysis of chemical supply chains. We demonstrate a specific use case of this method by creating a systems model for the manufacturing of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, Atropine. We conclude with a prospectus on developmental opportunities for extracting greater benefit from MBSE in the design and management of chemical supply chains.
Anemia and thrombocytopenia due to a novel BRPF1 variant in a family from Çanakkale with intellectual disability and dysmorphic facies: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kose Canan Ceylan , Kaya Derya , Akcan Mehmet Berkay , Silan Fatma
Published: May 2023

Intellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and ptosis (IDDDFP) (MIM#617333) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability (ID), and dysmorphic facial features due to pathogenic variations in the Bromodomain‐ and PHD Finger‐Containing Protein (BRPF1) (MIM#602410) gene. Herein, we report the first Turkish patients with IDDDFP. Additionally, the patients had hematopoietic disorders such as anemia and thrombocytopenia, which have not been previously described in IDDDFP patients. Genetic testing using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) revealed a novel heterozygous c.1433G > A; p.W478* (NM_004634.3) pathogenic variant on exon 3 of the BRPF1 gene. The patients demonstrated classical features of IDDDFP such as intellectual disability, developmental delay, ptosis, micro and retrognathia, and dysmorphic facial features, in addition to the anemia and thrombocytopenia. Apart from the variant in BRPF1, no additional genomic changes were detected by WES and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Hopefully, our novel report on the hematopoietic anomalies of our patients due to BRPF1 will expand upon the clinical spectrum of IDDDFP, encourage further studies about BRPF1‐hematopoietic system relations, and affect the diagnostic and therapeutic schemes of hematopoietic system disorders.
The acoustic structure of spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) calls is related both to caller goal and arousal
Authors: Ordóñez‐Gómez José D. , Schamberg Isaac , Hammerschmidt Kurt
Published: May 2023

Analyzing the factors related to the acoustic structure of primate calls is fundamental to identifying the potential information these signals convey, and therefore, their potential function. It is well‐accepted that caller arousal is an important driver of acoustic variation in call structure. However, evidence suggests that arousal alone cannot explain the production of calls with different acoustic structures. The “caller goal” framework posits that a call type (e.g., bark and chitter) is a signal which evolved to elicit specific changes on receiver behavior, and a caller's goal, not its arousal state, determines the basic acoustic structure of animal calls. To get a better insight into the effects of caller goal and arousal on the acoustic structure of primate calls, we analyzed the acoustic variation of 382 calls produced by 27 free‐ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in six call contexts representing three caller goals (establishing contact, engage in aggression, and predator presence) across two arousal states (high and low). Discriminant function analyses and linear mixed models showed a strong effect of caller goal on calls' acoustic structure and supported the effect of arousal state on acoustic variation; misclassified calls mainly occurred between the same caller goal categories (e.g., alarm low arousal and alarm high arousal), and acoustic differences between arousal contexts showed the same pattern across the three caller goals (e.g., low center frequency [kHz] values in high arousal contexts). Our results supported the view that caller goal is the primary driver of acoustic difference and showed the effects of caller arousal on other structural differences.
Plasma and CSF concentrations of N‐terminal tau fragments associate with in vivo neurofibrillary tangle burden
Authors: Lantero‐Rodriguez Juan , Tissot Cécile , Snellman Anniina , Servaes Stijn , Benedet Andrea L. , Rahmouni Nesrine , Montoliu‐Gaya Laia , Therriault Joseph , Brum Wagner S. , Stevenson Jenna , Lussier Firoza Z. , Bezgin Gleb , Macedo Arthur C. , Chamoun Mira , Mathotaarachi Sulantha S. , Pascoal Tharick A. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Neto Pedro Rosa , Blennow Kaj
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION

Fluid biomarkers capable of specifically tracking tau tangle pathology in vivo are greatly needed.

METHODS

We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma concentrations of N‐terminal tau fragments (NTA‐tau), using a novel immunoassay (NTA) in the TRIAD cohort, consisting of 272 individuals assessed with amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET), tau PET, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive assessments.

RESULTS

CSF and plasma NTA‐tau concentrations were specifically increased in cognitively impaired Aβ‐positive groups. CSF and plasma NTA‐tau concentrations displayed stronger correlations with tau PET than with Aβ PET and MRI, both in global uptake and at the voxel level. Regression models demonstrated that both CSF and plasma NTA‐tau are preferentially associated with tau pathology. Moreover, plasma NTA‐tau was associated with longitudinal tau PET accumulation across the aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum.

DISCUSSION

NTA‐tau is a biomarker closely associated with in vivo tau deposition in the AD continuum and has potential as a tau tangle biomarker in clinical settings and trials.

Highlights

An assay for detecting N‐terminal tau fragments (NTA‐tau) in plasma and CSF was evaluated.

NTA‐tau is more closely associated with tau PET than amyloid PET or neurodegeneration.

NTA‐tau can successfully track in vivo tau deposition across the AD continuum.

Plasma NTA‐tau increased over time only in cognitively impaired amyloid‐β positive individuals.
Cosmological Parameters from Planck Data in SU(2)CMB, Their Local ΛCDM Values, and the Modified Photon Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Hofmann Ralf , Meinert Janning , Balaji Shyam Sunder
Published: May 2023

A review of the spatially flat cosmological model SU(2)CMB, minimally induced by the postulate that the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is subject to an SU(2) rather than a U(1) gauge principle, is given. Cosmological parameter values, which are determined from the Planck CMB power spectra at small angular scales, are compared to their values in spatially flat ΛCDM from both local and global extractions. As a global model SU(2)CMB leans toward local ΛCDM cosmology and is in tension with some global ΛCDM parameter values. Spectral antiscreening / screening effects in SU(2)CMB radiance are presented within the Rayleigh– Jeans regime in dependence on temperature and frequency. Such radiance anomalies can cause CMB large‐angle anomalies. Therefore, it is pointed out how SU(2)CMB modifies the Boltzmann equation  for the perturbations of the photon phase space distribution at low redshift and why this requires to the solve the ℓ‐hierarchy on a comoving momentum grid (q‐grid) for all z.
An Implantable Fiber Biosupercapacitor with High Power Density by Multi‐Strand Twisting Functionalized Fibers
Authors: Qian Zheyan , Yang Yiqing , Wang Liyuan , Wang Jiajia , Guo Yue , Liu Ziwei , Li Jianzheng , Zhang Haoyu , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng
Published: May 2023

Biosupercapacitors (BSCs) that can harvest and store chemical energy show great promise for power delivery of biological applications. However, low power density still limits their applications, especially as miniaturized implants. Here, we report an implantable fiber BSC with maximal power density of 22.6 mW cm−2, superior to the previous reports. The fiber BSC was fabricated by integrating anode and cathode fibers of biofuel cell with supercapacitor fibers through multi‐strand twisting. This twisting structure endowed many channels inside and high electrochemical active area for efficient mass diffusion and charge transfer among different fibers, benefiting high power output. The obtained thin and flexible fiber BSC operated stably under deformations and performed high biocompatibility after implantation. Eventually, the fiber BSC was implanted subcutaneously in rats and successfully realized electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve, showing promise as a power source in vivo.
A Self‐Deoxidizing Electrolyte Additive Enables Highly Stable Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Sun Rui , Han Daliang , Cui Changjun , Han Zishan , Guo Xiaoxia , Zhang Bo , Guo Yong , Liu Yingxin , Weng Zhe , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: May 2023

In aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries, the Zn anode suffers from severe corrosion reactions and consequent dendrite growth troubles that cause fast performance decay. Herein, we uncover the corrosion mechanism and confirm that the dissolved oxygen (DO) other than the reputed proton is a principal origin of Zn corrosion and by‐product precipitates, especially during the initial battery resting period. In a break from common physical deoxygenation methods, we propose a chemical self‐deoxygenation strategy to tackle the DO‐induced hazards. As a proof of concept, sodium anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (AQS) is introduced to aqueous electrolytes as a self‐deoxidizing additive. As a result, the Zn anode sustains a long‐term cycling of 2500 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and over 1100 h at 5 mA cm−2 together with a high Coulombic efficiency up to 99.6 %. The full cells also show a high capacity retention of 92 % after 500 cycles. Our findings provide a renewed understanding of Zn corrosion in aqueous electrolytes and also a practical solution towards industrializing aqueous Zn batteries.
Achieving White‐Light Emission Using Organic Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Wu Zhu , Choi Heekyoung , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: May 2023

Artificial lighting currently consumes approximately one‐fifth of global electricity production. Organic emitters with white persistent RTP have potential for applications in energy‐efficient lighting technologies, due to their ability to harvest both singlet and triplet excitons. Compared to heavy metal phosphorescent materials, they have significant advantages in cost, processability, and reduced toxicity. Phosphorescence efficiency can be improved by introducing heteroatoms, heavy atoms, or by incorporating luminophores within a rigid matrix. White‐light emission can be achieved by tuning the ratio of fluorescence to phosphorescence intensity or by pure phosphorescence with a broad emission spectrum. This review summarizes recent advances in the design of purely organic RTP materials with white‐light emission, describing single‐component and host‐guest systems. White phosphorescent carbon dots and representative applications of white‐light RTP materials are also introduced.
Cyanine Polymersomes Inbreathe Gas Signaling Molecule: SO2‐Driven Bilayer Tubular Deformation for Transmembrane Traffic Regulation
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Wang Yixin , Yan Qiang
Published: May 2023

Fabricating nanoscale assemblies that can respond to gas signaling molecules has emerged as a field of growing interest owing to their unique biomedical applications in gas‐guided delivery and gas therapeutics. Yet, among a variety of endogenous gaseous biosignals, exploiting sulfur dioxide (SO2) as a cue for controllable self‐assembly remains elusive, despite its crucial two‐sided roles both in physiology and pathology. Here we show a SO2‐responsive polymersome system assembled from a novel class of cyanine‐containing block copolymers. By intake of SO2 gas, the tautomerism of cyanine drives such vesicles to continuously deform, and change into long nanotubes through axial stretching and anisotropic extrusion of the membranes. Unexpectedly, during this order‐to‐order phase transition, their membranes manifest well SO2‐dose‐dependent permselectivity, which allows the cargos of different sizes loaded therein to be selectively transferred across the bilayers. This study would inspire us to better understand and mimic the function of gas signaling molecules in shifting biomembrane shape and managing transmembrane traffic.
Hydroxyl Radical‐Mediated Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic NO Oxidation with Simultaneous Nitrate Storage Using A Flow Photoanode Reactor
Authors: Li Shuangjun , Shang Huan , Tao Ying , Li Pengpeng , Pan Honghui , Wang Qing , Zhang Shao , Jia Hongbao , Zhang Haonan , Cao Jiazhen , Zhang Bixiang , Zhang Rui , Li Guisheng , Zhang Yanrong , Zhang Dieqing , Li Hexing
Published: May 2023

The selective conversion of dilute NO pollutant into low‐toxic product and simultaneous storage of metabolic nitrogen for crop plants remains a great challenge from the perspective of waste management and sustainable chemistry. This study demonstrates that this bottleneck can be well tackled by refining the reactive oxygen species (ROS) on Ni‐modified NH2‐UiO‐66(Zr) (Ni@NU) using nickel foam (NF) as a three‐dimensional (3D) substrate through a flow photoanode reactor via the gas‐phase photoelectrocatalysis. By rationally refining the ROS to ⋅OH, Ni@NU/NF can rapidly eliminate 82 % of NO without releasing remarkable NO2 under a low bias voltage (0.3 V) and visible light irradiation. The abundant mesoporous pores on Ni@NU/NF are conducive to the diffusion and storage of the formed nitrate, which enables the progressive conversion NO into nitrate with selectivity over 99 % for long‐term use. Through calculation, 90 % of NO could be recovered as the nitrate species, indicating that this state‐of‐the‐art strategy can capture, enrich and recycle the pollutant N source from the atmosphere. This study offers a new perspective of NO pollutant treatment and sustainable nitrogen exploitation, which may possess great potential to the development of highly efficient air purification systems for industrial and indoor NOx control.
Synergistic effect of OMMT and Ni2O3 on the flame retardancy of LLDPE/EVA composites with magnesium hydroxide
Authors: Wu Pengwei , Liu Jie , Wang Song , Li Sanxi , Tang Tao
Published: May 2023

Organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) and Ni2O3 were simultaneously introduced into flame‐retardant linear low‐density polyethylene/ethylene‐vinyl acetate/magnesium hydroxide (LEM) composites. Compared with the LEM composite, the thermal stability, and tensile properties of LEM/ remained basically unchanged when 5 wt% of OMMT/Ni2O3 was substituted for MH. The LOI value increased a little from 27.2 to 27.7%. The data from cone calorimeter test showed that the first and second peak heat release rate was reduced by 19% and 67%, respectively. The total heat release and total smoke production showed a significant reduction by 18% and 36% after incorporation of OMMT/Ni2O3, respectively. The mechanism study indicated that the combination of OMMT/Ni2O3 cooperates promote the carbonization of the polymer itself into carbon naotubes, which form a more cohesive char layer with magnesium hydroxide during combustion. This is the core factor responsible for the synergistic effect on reducing the heat release and smoke production in the LEM composite.
Preparation and properties of functional emulsion based on bio‐macromolecules self‐assembled colloidal particles
Authors: Zhang Cuige , Xu Bo , Yan Xin , Xia Chunmiao , Xu Maodong , Zhang Rongli
Published: May 2023

Bio‐macromolecules alginic acid (ALG), lysozyme (Lys) and calcium ion can self‐assemble to prepare ALG/Ca2+/Lys colloidal particles by electrostatic interaction. The size and morphology of the colloidal particles were characterized by BI‐90PIus Zeta potentiometer and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the formed colloidal particles have a spherical structure with a particle size of 480 nm. The colloidal particles can be reassembled at the oil (containing fat‐soluble vitamin D3)‐water interface to stabilize oil‐in‐water functional Pickering emulsions. The effects of pH values and salt concentrations on the properties and emulsifying properties of colloidal particles were investigated in detail. The sustained release properties of the emulsion to Ca2+ and vitamin D3 functional factors were studied. The results show that the emulsion has better sustained release performance for both Ca2+ and vitamin D3. Using zinc ion (Zn2+) instead of Ca2+ and bio‐macromolecule hyaluronic acid (HA) instead of ALG, the colloidal particles ALG/Zn2+/Lys and HA/Zn2+/Lys were prepared. The Pickering emulsion prepared with colloidal particles still has good sustained release performance for functional factors. The prepared functional emulsion has potential applications in the fields of food, medicine and cosmetics.
3D artificial sebocyte glands from inertial focusing effect for facile and flexible analysis of light damage and drug screening
Authors: Tang Tan , Wei Yanran , Jia Hongxing , Wang Lelin , Xu Ye , Zhang Peipei
Published: May 2023

The sebaceous gland is a neuro‐immuno‐endocrine organ responsible for maintaining regular skin functions. Overdose exposure of UV and visible light (e.g., blue light) can cause sebocyte gland function disorders or even different diseases (e.g., chronic actinic dermatitis). Studying the mechanism of light‐induced damage in sebaceous glands has been challenging, since ex vivo culture of sebaceous glands is difficult due to its short life in culture medium. To address this issue, a versatile 3D artificial sebocyte gland model was established using the inertial focusing effect for studying the impact of light damage and screening potential drugs. The artificial sebocyte gland exhibited specific biological function and structure similar to natural sebocyte glands. Using this artificial sebocyte gland, the interactions between the artificial organ and blue light or UV were studied. The results indicated that UV and blue light upregulated lipid secretion and downregulated cell viability within the sebocytes. Light damage intensified oxidative stress and promoted pro‐inflammation cytokines (i.e., IL‐1β and TNF‐α) production in the artificial sebocytes. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of cannabidiol, a clinically tested drug for treating acne, was also indicated on restoring light damaged sebaceous gland functions. These results indicate that the 3D artificial sebocyte gland could be a versatile, fast, and low‐cost platform for skincare studies or drug screening.
An adaptive soft‐sensor for advanced real‐time monitoring of an antibody‐drug conjugation reaction
Authors: Schiemer Robin , Weggen Jan Tobias , Schmitt Katrin Marianne , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: May 2023

In the production of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs), the conjugation reaction is a central step defining the final product composition and, hence, directly affecting product safety and efficacy. To enable real‐time monitoring, spectroscopic sensors in combination with multivariate regression models have gained popularity in recent years. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) can be used as so‐called soft‐sensor to fuse sensor predictions with long‐horizon forecasts by process models. This enables the dynamic update of the current state and provides increased robustness against experimental noise or model errors. Due to the uncertainty associated with sensor and process models in biopharmaceutical applications, the deployment of such soft‐sensors is challenging. In this study, we demonstrate the combination of an uncertainty‐aware sensor model with a kinetic reaction model using an EKF to monitor a site‐directed ADC conjugation reaction. As the sensor model, a Gaussian process regression model is presented to realize a time‐variant determination of the sensor uncertainty. The EKF fuses the time‐discrete predictions of the amount of conjugated drug from the sensor model with the time‐continuous predictions from the kinetic model. While the ADC species are not distinguishable by on‐line recorded UV/Vis spectra, the developed soft‐sensor is able to dynamically update all relevant reaction species. It could be shown that the use of time‐variant process and sensor noise computation approaches improved the performance of the EKF and achieved a reduction of the prediction error of up to 23% compared with the kinetic model. The developed framework proved to enhance robustness against noisy sensor measurements or wrong model initialization and was successfully transferred from batch to fed‐batch mode. In future, this framework could be implemented for model‐based process control and be adopted for other ADC conjugation reaction types.
Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism study of SCO‐267, a GPR40 full agonist, in beagle dogs using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Hongxia , Liu Yanan , Xiao Jiachao , Huang Jin , Zhang Yue
Published: May 2023

SCO‐267 is a GPR40 full agonist that has been developed for the treatment of diabetes. To support its preclinical and clinical development, in this study, we developed an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of SCO‐267 in dog plasma using cabozantinib as internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was obtained on a Waters acquity BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d., 1.7 μm) and the detection was performed using Thermo TSQ triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring positive mode at m/z 615.3 > 230.1 for SCO‐267 and m/z 502.5 > 323.3 for IS. The method was validated over the concentration range of 1–2,000 ng/ml with the lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/ml. The selectivity, linearity, precision and accuracy over this range were acceptable. The extraction recovery was more than 88.73% and no matrix effect was observed. SCO‐267 was demonstrated to be stable during the storage and processing period. The new method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs following a single oral and intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability was 64.34%. In addition, the metabolites from dog liver microsomal incubation and plasma collected after an oral administration were identified by a UHPLC–HRMS method. The biotransformation pathways of SCO‐267 involved oxygenation, O‐demethylation, N‐dealkylation and acyl glucuronidation.
The model practice of reconstructing education management based on Web 3.0 technology blended learning under the people‐oriented concept
Authors: Sun Xiaofeng , Qin Yekun
Published: May 2023

This paper deeply analyzes the mode of blended learning based on network 3.0 technology under the people‐oriented concept, and introduces the characteristics and essence of blended learning based on network 3.0 technology. On this basis, this paper discusses the dilemma of the traditional educational management mode, puts forward the educational practice design based on Web 3.0 technology blended learning under the people‐oriented concept, and finally summarizes the practice.
6‐Bromoquinazoline Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Evaluation, and Computational Studies
Authors: Zare Somayeh , Emami Leila , Behrouz Marzieh , Khankahdani Reza Abbasi , Nickpour Shirin , Emami Mina , Faghih Zeinab , Khabnadideh Soghra
Published: May 2023

A series of 6‐bromoquinazoline derivatives (5a–j) were synthesized. Cytotoxic effectiveness of compounds was done against two cancerous cell lines (MCF‐7 and SW480) by standard MTT method. Fortunately, all of the compounds showed desirable activity in reducing the viability of the studied cancerous cell lines with IC50value in the range of 0.53–46.6 μM. Compound5bwith a fluoro substitution atmetaposition of the phenyl moiety showed stronger activity than cisplatin with IC50=0.53–1.95 μM. Studies on the hit compound (5b) through apoptosis assay illustrated that it could induce apoptosis in MCF‐7 cell lines in dose dependent manner. Molecular docking study was done to investigate the detailed binding modes and interactions with EGFR as a plausible mechanism. The drug‐ likeness was predicted. To survey the reactivity of compounds, DFT calculation was performed. Taken together, 6‐bromoquinazoline derivatives, especially5bcan be considered as hit compounds to rational drug designing as antiproliferative agents.
α‐C−H Arylation of N‐Sulfonyl Amines by Dual Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Liu Yu‐Cheng , Shi Hang
Published: May 2023

Functionalization of C(sp3)−H bonds adjacent to a nitrogen atom is an efficient means of preparing structurally complex amines and has long been of interest to synthetic chemists. Herein, dual palladium catalysis is used to achieve α‐C−H arylation of linear N‐sulfonyl amines with aryl boroxines, rather than N‐arylation (C−N bond formation). This method has a broad scope with respect to both the amine and the boroxine, providing convenient access to α‐branched amines. During the dehydrogenation step of the catalytic cycle, bromobenzene accepts a hydride from the α‐carbon on the amine, producing an imine that subsequently undergoes Pd‐catalyzed C‐arylation with the boroxine. Mechanistic studies revealed that imine arylation proceeds through an unusual Pd0/PdII catalytic cycle, in which oxidative cyclization of a palladium η2‐imine complex generates a three‐membered palladacycle that subsequently undergoes transmetallation reaction with the boroxine.
Fluid Flow Modeling and Analysis of Low‐ and High‐Gravity Spiral Concentrators: Experimental and Analytical Approaches
Authors: Ankireddy Prudhvinath Reddy , Purushotham Sudikondala , Narasimha Mangadoddy
Published: May 2023

An experimental evaluation of the flow field on two high‐gravity spiral concentrators is presented along with the analytical solutions. A digital depth gauge was used to measure the liquid level on the spiral troughs. The tracer particle trajectories and the free surface velocity of a spiral were determined with a high‐speed camera. An increase in the flow rate leads to an increase in the liquid depth and free surface velocity along the trough surface. Three full turns of the high gravity spiral concentrator are sufficient for achieving a stabilized flow. High‐gravity spirals show lower flow depths and free surface velocities but steeper depths on the outer trough zone than low‐gravity spirals. Higher flow depths contribute to larger circulation zones, which eventually help in greater separation of heavier minerals from gangue particles.
Beyond the Limits of Atropochirality: Design of Highly Conformationally Restrained Biaryls with Bridgehead Phosphine Oxide
Authors: Mele Lucas , Babouri Rachida , Pirat Jean‐Luc , Tomás‐Mendivil Eder , Martin David , Ayad Tahar , Virieux David
Published: May 2023

In the last three decades, reacting sterically congested ortho‐substituted arenes to form atropochiral biaryls is an appealing venture and a challenging subject that has garnered significant attention. Therefore, there is interest in developing methods to prepare these compounds. In this study, an efficient approach to produce a new class 2,2’ disubstituted biaryls bridgehead phosphine oxides with an unusual topology and exceptional conformational stability is presented. Our methodology demonstrates that depending on the substitution pattern on the aryl moieties, the methanophosphocine backbone could be rigid enough to observe a double atropochirality, resulting in an under covered class of molecules. Notably, our studies revealed that replacing only one hydrogen at the ortho position by a fluorine atom led to sufficiently restricted rotation at temperatures below 80 °C, extending “far away” the limits of atropostability. Finally, our investigations, which employed variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, yielded unique insights into the isomerisation mechanism, indicating that the two biaryl motifs are fully independent in spite of their proximity.
Copper‐Catalyzed Heterocyclic Recombination of Aziridine and Diazetidine for the Synthesis of Imidazolidine**
Authors: Higuchi Daiki , Matsubara Satoshi , Kadowaki Hiroki , Tanaka Daisuke , Murakami Kei
Published: May 2023

The discovery of new catalytic applications for metals remains an important goal in organic synthesis. If a catalyst has multiple functions, such as inducing bond cleavage and formation, it can streamline multi‐step transformations. Herein, the Cu‐catalyzed synthesis of imidazolidine through heterocyclic recombination between aziridine and diazetidine is reported. Mechanistically, Cu catalyzes the conversion of diazetidine into the corresponding imine, which then reacts with aziridine to form imidazolidine. The scope is sufficiently wide to form various imidazolidines, as many functional groups are compatible with the reaction conditions.
Manganese(I)‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of the C=C Bond in Conjugated Ketones at Room Temperature
Authors: Sharma Dipesh M. , Shabade Anand B. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Punji Benudhar
Published: May 2023

Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of C=C bond in α,β‐unsaturated ketones is demonstrated at room temperature employing a manganese(I) catalyst and half an equivalent of ammonia‐borane (H3N−BH3). A series of mixed‐donor pincer‐ligated Mn(II) complexes, (tBu2PN3NPyz)MnX2 [κP,κN,κN‐(N‐(di‐tert‐butylphosphaneyl)‐6‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐2‐amine)MnX2] {X=Cl (Mn2), X=Br (Mn3), X=I (Mn4)} were synthesized and characterized. Amongst the Mn(II) complexes, (Mn2, Mn3, Mn4) and Mn(I) complex, (tBu2PN3NPyz)Mn(CO)2Br (Mn1) screened; the Mn1 acts as an efficient catalyst for the chemoselective C=C bond reduction in α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Various synthetically important functionalities like halides, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, benzyloxy, nitro, amine, and unconjugated alkene and alkyne groups, including heteroarenes, were compatible and provided saturated ketones in excellent yields (up to 97 %). A preliminary mechanistic study highlighted the crucial role of metal–ligand (M–L) cooperation through the dearomatization‐aromatization process in catalyst Mn1 for the chemoselective C=C bond transfer hydrogenation.
Control of an Industrial Distillation Column Using a Hybrid Model with Adaptation of the Range of Validity and an ANN‐based Soft Sensor
Authors: Elsheikh Mohamed , Ortmanns Yak , Hecht Felix , Roßmann Volker , Krämer Stefan , Engell Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Advanced control schemes such as model predictive control can be used to minimize the use of resources while guaranteeing the specified product quality. In this paper, we consider an industrial mother liquor distillation column varying flow rate and composition of the feed. There are specifications of the composition for all product streams. To address this challenging control problem, we employ a nonlinear model‐predictive controller using a hybrid model, which consists of a simple phenomenological model augmented by a data‐based component to compensate the plant‐model mismatch. The trustworthiness of the data‐based model is addressed using a domain of validity of the data‐based model, which is estimated using a one‐class support vector machine. During operation, it may turn out that the model is also reliable in a wider range, therefore, data of recently visited operating points is recorded and the domain of validity is extended if the model is sufficiently accurate. To improve the performance of the controller, an artificial neural network model is used to estimate the product composition from available measurements.
A novel high‐precision single‐event transient hardened voltage comparator design
Authors: Xie Yuqiao , Liu Zhongyang , Xu Tao , Bi Dawei , Hu Zhiyuan , Zhang Zhengxuan , Zou Shichang
Published: May 2023

To reduce the impact of the single‐event transient (SET) effect on the high‐precision comparator, based on the common high‐gain pre‐amplification stage structure of the comparator, a new radiation hardened by design (RHBD) method, namely, the sensitive node transient detection feedback latch (SNTDFL) technique, is proposed. The hardening technique avoids comparator erroneous output by detecting the sensitive nodes of the high‐gain pre‐amplification stage. The detection circuit receives the response generated by the high energy particle impacts and feeds the high level back to the sensitive nodes to latch the current comparator state. In this paper, a novel high‐precision SET hardened voltage comparator based on this technique is developed. Through detailed circuit principle and simulation analysis, the functional characteristics and the hardening performance of the high‐precision hardened comparator are verified. Compared with the unhardened and the TMR technique hardened comparator, the SNTDFL technique hardened comparator effectively avoids the erroneous output caused by the SET effect with less overhead and still has excellent functional characteristics.