bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recogntion in International Law: Recognition of States and European Integration - Legal and Political Considerations
Authors: Mehmeti Ermira
Published: July 2017

Recognition of States in international law is a political act based on interests and assessments made by states individually. However, in granting recognition, it is the legal arguments that must prevail. The recognizing State should base its decision on a legal framework which makes the act of recognition valid and credible. At the same time, such political decision supported by legal arguments may in no way threaten international peace and security, and may not be in collision with the peremptory norms of international law. Following is a paper on recognition of States in international law as seen from the aspect of international peace and stability. The primary objective of the international community, particularly since the establishment of the United Nations Organization, has been the maintenance of peace and security in the world. Therefore, the international recognition of entities that have demonstrated wide and strong capacity to be states, and whose attitude has been to serve the greater interests of peace, security, harmony and prosperity among people, must be a principled decision, not conditioned by mere political interests. International recognition of states is a precondition for the prosperity of new states. As such, it must obtain the status of a stabilizing instrument of new entities as well. When it comes to small states, this act is even more significant, for it secures and protects them from potential threats, hence strengthening the commitment for peace and stability. In the context of European Union membership process, it must be underlined that recognition may not become an obstacle to the aspiring States, though it seems to be the case at present. Macedonia and Kosovo are case in point. Recognition must become a catalyst and incentive for a quicker, more efficient and full-fledged euro-integrating process, which is crucial for preserving long-term stability, functioning democracy and peace and understanding among people.
Understanding, Definition and Sanctioning of Organized Crime Under the Law of Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Podvorica Armend
Published: July 2017

The presence and development of criminality in society dates back from the old ages to the present time, by transforming itself in various types of emergence, depending on the degree of social emancipation. In addition to social development processes, there are also changes from the viewpoint of ideas relating to the etymology of crime in society. In the beginning of XX century, the society dealt with drastic and dramatic changes in the whole domains of life, accompanied with changes in the form of occurrence of criminality in society. The term “organized crime” was originally used in 1896 in the annual report of Society for for the Crime Prevention in New York. In this report, the term was employed to define the acts of prostitution and gambling, protected by the public officers. Whereas, as far as Kosovo is concerned, the International Administration – UNMIK – promulgated the Regulation No. 2001/22 “On Measures against Organized Crime”. The Regulation No. 2001/22 provides the definition of the term organized crime where it sets forth the measures and penalties that may be imposed to participants of an organized crime, the basic and qualified forms. With the purpose of supplementing the legal grounds to combat and prevent the criminality in the country, the Kosovo Assembly promulgated on 6th July 2003 the “Provisional Criminal Code of Kosovo” [1] Provisional Criminal Code of Kosovo, Kosovo Assembly, Prishtina, 2003, which entered into force on 20th April 2004
Securitization as Policy Choice: Macedonian Case
Authors: Xheladini Fatmir
Published: July 2017

The global geopolitical transformations that have occurred in last years have raised questions about various nonmilitary concerns as a result of changes in the global order based solely on the premises of the military aspects of security. The evolution and debate on security began to shift from the traditional basis into contemporary segments of the security analysis incorporating approaches into other areas beyond the traditional concepts of security. In variety of debates of the broadening of concept of security, various scholars began to elaborate that security threats may appear in many other areas outside that of military and political sector. In this aspect Copenhagen schools examines aspects of security at micro and macro level and it represents analysis that intertwine with each other and which derive a more broad understanding what actually constitutes security for a country or community. Expanding areas of security analysis refers to the statement that security has to do with survival of a nation or society which also reasonably includes a range of concerns about the conditions of survival. The adoption of this concept expanded in various fields is a result of the need to better understand the logic of what are the related sectors and is a result of understanding what the interaction between the different sectors are. The aim of our paper is through the broadened mechanism of the concept of security to analyze the challenges and opportunities of the Macedonian security policies and how they are interlinked with other sectors. It does so by looking through the causes of tensions between ethnic Macedonian and Albanians in Macedonia, not only among the issues and emergency events that cause them, but also among the structural factors that shape and frame such a misperception.
Participation and Partnership Within Revival Process. Case Study of a City of Poznan in Poland
Authors: Pazder Dominika
Published: July 2017

In the following paper there are presented the projects implemented by the Author, together with the Division of Revitalization of the City of Poznan. The issues were undertaken within a revitalization process – especially in its soft, social aspect. Presented effects are results of a long-term cooperation with Poznan Municipality. The main attention is focused on selected activities related to the issues of renewal and activation of public spaces and those of educational value. These are important tools to start a dialogue with city residents and can have a positive impact on social attitude to revival process.
Attachment Style and the Predisposition to Eating Disorders in Adolescence
Authors: Manaj Semiramida
Published: July 2017

This study arouses from my personal interest to understand more about the attachment styles processes of the teenage girls and the predisposition to develop an eating disorder. Eating disorders in adolescence are being widely noted in the albanian society. Individuals affected more often by eating disorders are women, mostly girls in late adolescence and early adulthood age. The purpose of this study was to focus on exploring the relationship between the tendency to develop an eating disorder and attachment style of teenage girls 15-18 years old. In this study participated 287 teenage girls. They completed two measure instruments: Multidimensional eating disorder Inventory-Garner, Olmstead - Polivy (1983) which measured respectively eating disorders symptoms and Batholomew’s Attachment Style Inventory (1991) which measured the attachment styles of the teenage girls. The hypothesis of the current study was that there was a significant link between unhealthy attachment styles (unsecure, avoidant, disorganized) and the tendecy to develop an eating disorder at teenage girls 15-18 years old. The result in the end of th study was that there is a statistically important relationship between the tendency to develop an eating disorder and unhealthy attachment styles (unsecure, avoidant, disorganized). The study showed that the correlation between unhealthy attachment styles and tendency to develop an eating disorder was significant. Teenage girls with unhealthy attachment styles showed more symptoms of eating disorders, they were in border to develop an eating disorders or they already had one.
PMI (Public Media Institution Radio Television of Vojvodina the New Media Organization
Authors: Kokotović Sonja , Koprivica Miodrag
Published: July 2017

The basis of the effective functioning of the media along with the changes in the environment is in a constant development of management within the media, and therefore the corporate communication as a basic tool of development. Management JMU RTV broadcasting in the new (multi) media environment should establish a system of effective management of the technical, organizational, as well as innovation in the design and distribution of media content, aiming to find a balance between the needs of the market and the insatiable appetite of the media to the public, changes in technology, media legislation and general social trends. If the organization said that "the organism", then the communication is "bloodstream" of the organism. Corporate communication is a newer discipline which is used in all business segments worldwide. Top management creates, defines and improves corporate reputation through corporate communications and image management that created it. The image of a good and successful organization begins within. The level of satisfaction and motivation of our employees is a measurable and constant process that can be influenced, eg. how often and in which way to communicate with employees, how they transmit important messages and direct them towards achieving business goals.Corporate communication includes all communication and information activities among the members of the organization, it is targeted and oriented according to the success. Because the image of the organization can be understood as the reflection of its identity created corporate communication between different public - internal and external.
Film Reception by Means of New Media or How the Film Escaped from the Cinema
Authors: Tkalec Gordana , Žigo Iva Rosanda , Dolinara Žarka
Published: July 2017

The biggest change in film reception occurred in the moment when the film audience began to watch films over the Internet, or with devices that can connect to it, i.e. computers, laptops and smartphones. The paper redefined notions of contemporary audience and different horizons of expectations, and a new horizon of expectations has been established, and that is the horizon of device expectations. Also, we have redefined the conative function i.e. the empty spaces function, individual and social reception of the film, while the theory of production relations in the case of the production of art has been applied to the film industry. The paper applies to the film received through social networks requirements of all characteristics of new media, which is also a novelty in scientific thinking.
Overview of General Living Conditions of People with Disabilities in Albania
Authors: Kllogjri Arsen
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was the observation of the general situation in which there are people with disabilities in the district of Tirana. As is known, people with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups of society. To make a realistic assessment of the situation, we organized direct contacts with some of the persons with disabilities who have attended or recognize the center of care for disabled people.
Utilization Patterns of Anti-Asthmatic Drugs Use in Albania During 2004-2014
Authors: Kakariqi Laerta
Published: July 2017

Aim: To evaluate the patterns of use of the out-of-hospital Anti-Asthmatic drugs in Albania during the period 2004-2014. Methods: The study was retrospective and we analyzed the prescription and consumption of these drug classes in the primary health care in Albania during 2004-2014. All data were collected from Health Insurance Institute (HII)[1] and analysed reflecting the ambulatory and outpatient use for the period 2004-2014. The data about the consumption of drugs were expressed as a number of Defined Daily Dose (DDDs) /1000 inhabitants/day. Utilization was measured in DDD/1000 inhabitants/day and was also compared with Bronchial Asthma morbidity/1000 inhabitants, to understand the covering of the population from the reimbursement scheme. For all the period under study 2004-2014, there were collected and analysed the data of import and domestic production of drugs, which altogether represent the real consumption of drugs in the country. These data were subsequently included in a comparative analysis with the utilization data according to the HII. Results: The values of consumption of Anti-Asthmatic drugs were 6.62-8.48 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day respectively in 2004-2014. 2.14-3.76 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day constitute the consumption of beta2 agonists and 2.66-3.69 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day is the consumption of corticosteroids. In addition, it turns out that the consumption of beclometasone and the association Beta-2-mimetic-corticosteroids (salmeterol+fluticasone) based on HII data is superior to the consumption of this forms based on Import data, which cannot be true. This finding probably reflects fictive prescriptions and the entry of drugs by contraband. During some years of our study we notice that the consumption of Antiasthmatic drugs is higher than the morbidity level (cases/1000 inhabitants). Conclusions There is only a small increase in the national consumption of Anti-Asthmatic drugs during these years, but the values still remain very low in comparison with other countries. Less than 40% of the consumption of beta2 agonists is covered from the reimbursement scheme. In addition, it results that the scheme covers about 50% of antiasthmatic drugs consumption.
The Juridical Position of Greek Minorities in Albania
Authors: Cobo Marenglen
Published: July 2017

Greek minority played an important role in the life and formation of the Albanian State. This minority has been concentrated mainly in the south of the country, more specifically in the border areas between Albania and Greece. The role of this minority has been important not only in the cultural development but also in the affirmation of the Albanian State. The Greek minority has been known legally as a national minority in 1921 when Albania was accepted in the League of Nations as a sovereign state with full rights. The admission to this international organisation was conditional upon the signing of a document in which Albania committed to recognise and guarantee full rights to minorities living in its territory. This document entitled "declaration on the protection of minorities in Albania" would force the Albanian State to submit detailed reports to the League of Nations about the situation of the minorities in the country. All minorities within the country lost their status after the end of the Second World War, during the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha. After the collapse of communism and the advent of democracy, minority rights were affirmed not only in the Albanian jurisdiction but also by several international agreements, such as the Convention of the Council of Europe for Protection of National Minorities. The actual judicial system in Albania guarantees national minorities equal rights with the Albanian population and, simultaneously, allows the preservation of their national identity.
Tennessee Williams's Dramatic World
Authors: Subashi Esmeralda
Published: July 2017

Tennessee Williams has been regarded as the greatest Southern dramatist and one of the most distinguished playwrights in the history of American drama. He is undoubtedly the most renowned American dramatist of the second half of the 20th Century. This paper addresses and explores some of the main features of his dramatic works. His drama was a lyric or poetic one, and that is why the critic and scholar Frank Durham referred to him as “Tennessee Williams, theater poet in prose”. When David Mamet describes William’s plays as “the greatest dramatic poetry in the American language”, he shares the widely accepted opinion that Williams brought to the language of the American theater a lyricism unequaled before or after. He infuses his dialogue with lyrical qualities so subtle that the reader or hearer, unaware, responds not to realistic speech but, instead, to speech heightened by such poetic effects as alliteration, rhythm, onomatopoeia, and assonance. As a Southern writer, Williams was attuned to the natural rhythm and melody of Southern speech, a melody, he says, heard especially in the voices of women. Characterization is one of Williams’s strongest achievements as a dramatist. His people are imaginatively conceived yet so convincing that it is tempting to take them out of context and theorize about their lives before and after the action of the play. In place of realism, which stressed photographic duplication of the actual, a style that had dominated American stage for four decades, Williams insisted on a theater that was “plastic” that combined all the elements of production- dialogue, action, setting, lighting, even properties- in a unified, symbolic expression of a truth.
Language Skills among Students in the Field of Engineering
Authors: Živković Slađana
Published: July 2017

The present paper aims to shed light on the importance of language skills perceived by students in the field of engineering. The English course is designed to help students to improve their reading, writing, listening and speaking skills related to the specific topics in engineering, and thus to prepare them for their future career. Students are aware of the fact that in today’s globalized and competitive world companies need highly qualified specialists who possess not only professional knowledge and competencies but also adequate language proficiency necessary to succeed in the job market. So, the study examines students’ perceptions and attitudes towards the use of language skills for understanding, explaining and doing engineering. The results of the research show a strong interest in taking a career-related course and strengthening knowledge of the English language.
Synonymy Relationships between the Subjunctive and the New Infinitive in the Syntactic Aspect
Authors: Zekaj Mimoza
Published: July 2017

The object of this study is the relationship between the subjunctive mood and infinitive in the Albanian language. Subjunctive is one of the inherited moods in Albanian. Apart from the indicative, subjunctive is also widely used, because it expresses a variety of modal meanings. The frequency of subjunctive mood usage, mainly in the south dialect, is related to its use as a synonym to the infinitive. The subjunctive mood coincides with the non-finite forms, especially the infinitive. This coincidence is evident on the syntactic aspect and its functional point of view, as well. The synonymy of infinitive to the subjunctive is observed in the present standard Albanian language. In most of the infinitive uses, we can easily replace them with the subjunctive, without causing any changes in the modality or relationship with other syntactic units. This substitution is not always possible. This occurs in the category of subordinate or main clauses and simple sentences in the function of the simple predicate. Nevertheless, nowadays, we notice synonymy relationships between the subjunctive and infinitive, especially with the grammatical constructions that denote meanings of purpose. In the relative clauses, this synonymy is much more limited. Substitution of the infinitive with the subjunctive in such constructions can bring slight changes of meaning. Anyway, we should emphasize that despite the value of the infinitive, the subjunctive mood is widely used in the national literary language.
The Reciprocal Effects of Both Responsibility and Motivation in Foreign Language Learning Process: a Comparative Study
Authors: Coşkun Lokman
Published: July 2017

This study aims to analyze the significance of personal responsibility and its positive benefits and also its relations with motivation in foreign language learning environment. Particularly, responsibility enhances motivation and benefits from values and capabilities, since they are considered as central to what it means to learn in the life. In accordance with it, each individual has freedom how to consider his/her choices, behaviors, and actions in the life as well. The study on personal responsibilities and motivation were taken into account to demonstrate how these two features of foreign language learning process can help students take control of their own learning in order to become self-regulated learners. In this regard, self-regulated learning/learner (SRL) model based on social cognitive, cyclical, triadic, and multi-level models by Zimmerman (2001, 2002, 2008, 2011 - 2013) shed lights to explain the details of this article in terms of foreign language learning and the benefits of those models were added in the conclusion. The features of personal responsibility, motivation, cognition, and individual differences (capabilities) were presented in details in order to find out their reciprocal relations, which cause positive outcomes in learning process. Instructional approach was used to compare both responsibility - motivation also their reciprocal relations. As limitation, the study does not include any questionnaire and interview, only the first data, secondary data and the researcher’s individual views were used to explain the study. The study reveals that responsibility not only makes the ways for high level motivation also creates a positive atmosphere for both instructors and students in terms of fruitful outcomes. Actually, responsibilities cause the particular person to benefit from his/her available abilities through self-control and self-regulation.
Literature in English Language Teaching
Authors: Erdem Mustafa
Published: July 2017

Language as a means of communicatiın has been learned and taught for centuries.For every human the learning process starts unconsciously with learning their mother tongue and later it goes on systematically and consciously at school.However,in order to carry on commercial or social relations among different communities people have to learn two or even more languages. Therefore teaching of foreign languages has been an object of inerest to societies for ages. Many researchers belive that literature is useful in English language teaching.Value of literature as a useful source in language teaching is strongly defended by these researchers. Literature has a number of benefits which include but are not limited to availability of unique material, stimulation of reader's development and contribution to reader's vocabulary and cultural enrichment. Along with the abovementioned benefits diversity, interest, and vagueness, and universality, could be named as other advantages. This study reveals that literature increases all language skills since it extends linguistic knowledge through giving evidence of extensive and subtle vocabulary usage. Furthermore, it gives students the opportunity to strengthen language skills as it often enables oral discussions and exchange of opinions.
Which Foreign Language Should Be Taught in the Albanian Education System?
Authors: Papamihali Eva
Published: July 2017

Until the 60s in the XX century, in Europe, foreign languages were a privilege aimed just for the rich, the educated and some other people who had specific crafts. Today in Europe and Albania, the foreign languages are part of the daily activities of lots of people. These languages enable getting and using a variety of information and nowadays this process is becoming easier and easier thanks to the increasing number of people who know one or even more foreign languages. Everybody knows and expresses the fact that foreign languages are a “must”. The question which arises immediately after that is which of these languages we should learn. While attempting to answer the first one, there arises the second question, the third one and so on. What is communication like today? What will it be like in the future? Starting from the moment we think and dream about a future, there are still concrete opportunities to be analyzed so as to how we can get there. Along this article, we will reflect on communication today and we will describe the challenges that teaching foreign languages in Albanian schools should face. According to the statistics of the Eurobarometer in Europe (Special Eurobarometer 243. 2006) the biggest part of Europeans (65%) first get in touch with the foreign languages at school. It is school which enables the longest contact with the foreign languages. This fact makes school the most important and the most critical element to be studied compared to the supportive policies of multilingualism in communication.
The Disciplinary Issues in Malay Figurative Language and Its Similarities with Majaz Concept of the Arabic Rhetoric
Authors: Abdul Abu Hassan , Twahir Wahibah
Published: July 2017

The article discusses main issues in Malay figurative language and its potential in developing into a new discipline. One of the main issues, the concept of Malay rhetoric knowledge or discipline is not systematically and accurately organized for hundred years. There is a major misunderstanding in the knowledge and overlapping concepts in terms of stylistic, semiotic, esthetic, discourse and poetic. The Malay rhetoric knowledge seems small and lifeless in modern Malay linguistics and literature study because it lacks innovation which enables in enriching its concepts and structures within the perspective of Malay world and its sociocultural view. This research attempts to enlighten the figurative language values from rhetorical view and to figure out the similarities between Malay figurative languages with the concept of majaz in Arabic rhetoric. This uniqueness points out the potential of figurative language to be strengthened and combined with other branches of knowledge in Malay rhetoric arts. The success of strengthening the figurative language can act as a starting point to a more holistic innovation of the discipline towards the great unity of Malay rhetoric knowledge, which is influential and stronger in carrying meaning in understanding Malay thinking pattern and their socio cultural in communicating through multiple language genres.
Enemy as the "Other" in Novels of Spain Civil War(by Stress on L'Espoir‬)
Authors: Somayeh Aghajani Kalkhoran
Published: July 2017

The most obvious type of "Other" in War Literature is the enemy which militate against 'self" forces. In fighting with foreign enemy we clearly know the "Other" but in Civil Wars recognition of it is not easy. "Other" in Civil War comes from "Self" forces, "self" turns to "Other" in way sometimes we cannot distinguish between them. The identity of this "Other" is in border; sometimes is "Self" and sometimes is the "Other" during the novel. This research is done to answer to this question: Is enemy as an "Other" different and variable in war novels? Is the process of making "Other" is different in militating with internal and external enemy? This survey uses the theories of Cultural Studies about representation of "Other" and "Self" in studying the novel of L'Espoir (The Hope) written by Andre Malraux which is about the Civil War of Spain. The study shows that how and in which process during the novel, "Self" and the "Other" turn to each other. It represents in comparison with novels about war between two foreign enemy and country, the enemy is the "Other" throughout the story, in the most Civil War novels such as L'Espoir (The Hope), because of the same nation, in somewhere the distinguishing border between "Self" and the "Other" becomes defaced so in some cases there is a doubt including enemy as the "Other".
Relationships in Anglo-Saxon, Balkan Ballads and Epic Songs
Authors: Kraja Danela Bala
Published: July 2017

This article aims to point out the diverse relationships that are to be found in Anglo- Saxon and Balkan ballads and epic songs. There were different kinds of relationships such as human and non- human relationships. The most important relationships were those familial ones because family stands as the most important part of the society. In many cases relationships cannot stand and cannot be treated alone because they are interconnected with other ones. In that time the mentality and behaviour were not the same with the ones we have nowadays as there were restrictions and unwritten laws and people were following them but as always happens they were not always going to be strictly followed and that generated conflicts and reactions. There are made different researches and parallels to understand how different peoples may react in different relationships. They had a real great and powerful significance and value on people and their connections and were an important factor on determining people’s behaviour, on stabilizing the tranquillity and peace of their families, societies and countries.
Politics and History in Ben Okri’s the Famished Road
Authors: Diler Elif , Emir Derya
Published: July 2017

In the post-World War II period, magical realism, as a distinctive mode of fiction, has offered cultural hybridity, transformation and intermingling, and has thus been a significant means of communication for the postcolonial world. It has enabled postcolonial authors to get the chance of observing the world from a different perspective and seeing the truth with a ‘third eye’. The Nigerian-British author Ben Okri’s The Famished Road, which was awarded the Booker Prize in 1991, is one of the postcolonial magical realist novels aiming at viewing the world with a third eye. In The Famished Road, Okri attempts to investigate sociopolitical and historical realities, to understand and solve the paradoxes and secrets of history in the language of magic and dreams. In the novel he connects politics directly with the concept of history; his conception of ‘inviolate’ African consciousness becomes the base for his representation of history. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the ways in which Okri encodes African consciousness versus Western epistemology and reevaluates history. The study tries to analyze how Okri redreams postcolonial potentials for his hometown, Nigeria, by extension for the whole African continent, through magical realism functioning as a third eye in The Famished Road.
The Guatemalan Genocide Through Indigenous Mayan Literature Twenty Years After the Peace Accords: Rigoberta Menchú, Humberto Ak´Abal and Victor Montejo
Authors: Mariscal David Caballero
Published: July 2017

Guatemala experienced a cruel genocide in the early eighties, in the context of a repressive Conflict. Due to the different governments´ repressive policies, this terrible social situation was little known abroad, and even in the own country. Just after the Peace Accords, several organisms worked to uncover the historical truth. In any case, we cannot forget that testimonial literature is a privileged mean to know this dark period of the contemporary history of Guatemala. This genre is particularly relevant, because the main writers are originally Mayans, and have directly suffered both repression and social exclusion due to ethnic reasons. Rigoberta Menchú, Unmberto Ak´abal and Víctor Montejo represent a new and original point of view in the measure in which they describe feelings and situations from the perspective of those who experience them personally. Testimonial literature or the Testimonio becomes an ethnographic document that allows us to know not just a period but a people who have suffered from repression and exclusion for centuries.
The Effect of Nouns and Verbs of the Same Word on Lexical and Structural Development in the Writings of Iraqi EFL Secondary School Students
Authors: Abbas Jasim Mohammed
Published: July 2017

In English language, like the vast of languages, a big number of words are utilized to occupy more than one position; these words can be used as both nouns and verbs. Such case brings problems for EFL students aiming to learn the grammatical properties of words. Therefore, it, to a wider or lesser extent, has an effect on the lexical and structural development of the students’ written texts. This paper sheds light on the difficulties faced by Iraqi EFL secondary school students in the perception and use of the words that could be both nouns and verbs. For achieving this, the study employed a writing test consisting of two parts which was conducted by 15 students. In the first part, the students were given 10 sentences and asked to form nouns and verbs out of given underlined words whereas the second part included 10 sentences in which the students were asked to identify if the given bold word is a noun or a verb. The findings, based on a quantitative analysis, indicated that a majority of the participants were unable to use nouns and verbs having the same word in their writings. The findings also showed that participants were unaware of these nouns and verbs. Most of the students could not recognize the given words whether they were nouns or verbs.
The Efficacy of Corrective Feedback on L2 Writings of EFL Students
Authors: ÇINAR Senanur
Published: July 2017

Errors have been perceived as problems within the process of teaching and learning a language. However, especially in writing, learners are able to benefit from their errors with the help of corrective feedback. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of explicit corrective feedback in Turkish EFL learners’ writing. The participants of the study were 43 intermediate level Turkish EFL students at a private university in Turkey. There were one experimental, 21 students, and one control group, 22 students. As the data collection both groups were administered a pre-test, a post-test and a delayed post-test as a paper and pencil tests. The experimental group received explicit corrective feedback with extended comments on their errors, and the control group received no feedback. Their errors were only underlined without providing correction. The number of errors that each group made in the writings was compared to each other. In order to ensure the reliability and validity, the participants were administered a 5 Likert scale questionnaire after the writing sessions. The results revealed that the experimental group who received explicit corrective feedback made fewer errors than the control group who did not receive feedback on their L2 writings. Besides that, the experimental group made fewer mistakes in their tests compared to the previous ones. Thus, the findings of the questionnaire revealed that students had a positive view about corrective feedback their L2 writings especially if it has extended comments.
Reading Classical Authors in the Digital Era
Authors: Miftari Vehbi , Mahaj Arbnore
Published: July 2017

Statement of the problem: Learning about classic authors, whose language is hardly understandable for children, has become a challenge. The decline of literary reading and the lack of focus in the subject matter and idea of the text, which are interrelated to the early culture / identity, make students lose their will to read classic works, thus failing to fulfil the aims and competencies required with the Pre-university Curriculum Framework. Methodology: The research is based on the analysis of Curriculum Framework and the structure of school subjects. Furthermore, methods of teaching classic works and use of complementary means are treated through a combination of quantitative method with the ethnographic one. Results: The research concludes that students tend to read classic works (works by old authors) more easily if they are offered the abridged versions. Making of abridged collections of such works, and complementing book contents with digital content is the tendency that schools have in the digital era. Conclusions / recommendations: MEST should aim towards changing the structure of language and literature course, draft new programs, and prepare additional content for teaching and learning of texts and classic authors (e-school).
Challenges in EFL Speaking Classes in Turkish Context
Authors: Kara Eray , Ayaz Aycan Demir
Published: July 2017

This article presents the results of a research study conducted to reveal the reasons of problems Turkish EFL learners face while speaking in L2. In Turkey, there is a perception that although the learners can reach high levels of proficiency in reading, listening, and writing skills, they cannot speak in English like their peers do in other parts of the world. This is substantially concerning as these students have compulsory and selective English courses throughout their ten years of compulsory school education. The problem has formerly been addressed by language learning anxiety, learners’ autonomy, deficiencies in teacher education and teachers’ development, and lack of material or/and technology in EFL classes (Aydın-Zengin, 2008; Büyükyavuz-İnal, 2008; Haznedar, 2010; Solak- Bayar, 2015). This paper directly seeks answers from the students themselves. The study was conducted with 66 students who have to enroll one year of intensive preparatory English class before being accepted to their own departments. A mixed method research design was used to triangulate the findings for higher validity. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software package and qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings showed that students have difficulty in speaking English mainly because of educational and social reasons, while personal reasons are not as influential as the others are.
The Acquisition of Language: Evidence in Syntax
Authors: Proroković Jakov , Malenica Frane
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to discuss the two main approaches to language acquisition and present the main ideas behind the nativist and the usage-based account. The concomitant argument between the two sides has been present in linguistics ever since the proposal of innateness was provided by the paradigm of mainstream generative grammar (Chomsky 1965). In order to contribute to the ongoing discussion, we will attempt to outline the main challenges that the both theoretical strands are faced with and provide an overview of syntactic evidence provided by linguists whose work was devoted to understanding the mechanisms of language acquisition. Our goal is to analyze the insights provided by the phenomena such as syntactic bootstrapping, poverty of the stimulus, multiple argument realizations and non-canonical syntactic constructions and argue that integrating these findings into a usage-based framework (Tomasello 2000, 2003 - 2009) or various instances of Construction Grammar (Goldberg 1995 - 1996, Fillmore Kay - Fillmore 1999, van Trijp 2016, Steels 2011, inter alia) provides a more plausible and comprehensive explanation of the processes responsible for language acquisition.
Regulation of Electronic Communications Market
Authors: Gjika Jonida
Published: July 2017

The field of electronic communications for the importance of the everyday life, and the impact that reflects the economic development, it is considered important, so that the approach to electronic communications services has found attention from state structures in each country, consequently in Albania. Its electronic communications market operates on the basis of a special material law, under the supervision and continuous monitoring of the regulatory entity (AEPC), who fulfills his regulatory mission through ex-ante intervention in the market, as well as attention and legal responsibility over those of the Competition Authority which extend its effects through ex post interventions. The structure of the market for the (number and dimensions of the players) in order to successfully fulfill the regulatory mission it should not be a political objective, but to be finalized in concrete results. Political objectives focused on innovation and technological innovation, to increase investment, expanding opportunities for consumer choice, in terms of competitive prices for market products /services, which ultimately serve for the final goal of the regulator to maximize social welfare, are provided to only as a combination of regulatory measures and legal instruments to achieve those objectives, through the use of appropriate models for market regulation as a first step to target the achievement of effective and comprehensive competition, and measuring the performance of the markets in which regulation orients in a competitive market dynamic.
Engagement Ceremony in the Sothern Coastal Area of Albania, An Ethno-Folkloric View
Authors: Bezo (Hasko) Blegina
Published: July 2017

One of the most important rituals in this area is also the engagement ceremony, which was considered like a prenuptial agreement of both young ones and it didn't have only a moral importance but also a juridical one between both families. But this tradition had to pass through some rules that each family had to follow starting from the matchmaker who was supposed to be a respected person to the gifts that was made according to the tradition. Also, in this tradition existed some strict rules where the consanguinity of the young ones, who were going to be engaged was forbidden. The engagement was allowed only if they were cousins after seven generations had passed. This rules was to avoid problems with the baby's health and also that the baby would be pure blood. Anyway the engagement could never be broken by the girls or the girl's family as I was considered to be a great offense to the boy and this could bring blood feud. The engagement ceremonial started from the day that the word was given and the setting date of the day. That rings were exchanged, that happened on Monday or Thursday, which was accompanied by giving gifts. But engagement can be broken from the family of the boy only for some reasons, if the girl was sick or deterioration of relations between the families up in enmity to property issues, if separate for moral issue then the family of the boy had to give explanations for claims that they had based on facts, otherwise that was a great insult to the girl's family amounting to enmity. A key step in this ritual is the moral and educational preparation for daughter as well for the men, and also the preparation of the girl for this holy day from the preparation and decoration of the girl from dyeing hair with henna and to the preparation of the dowry.
Modern Forms of Bank Service in Albania
Authors: Gjermizi Jehona , Kola Blerim
Published: July 2017

Albanian banks are currently implementing e-banking. Banks that offer service via this channel claim that it reduces costs and makes them more competitive. However, many corporate consumers are not highly enthusiastic about Internet banking. An understanding of why corporate customers do not accept Internet banking can assist banks to implement this self-service technology more efficiently. In-depth qualitative interviews with Albanian firms suggest that security of the internet is a major factor inhibiting wider adoption. Those already using Internet banking seem to have more confidence that the system is reliable,whereas non-users are much more service conscious,and do not trust financial transactions made via Internet channels. Non-internet banking users tend to have more negative management attitudes toward adoption and are more likely to claim lack of resources. Legal support is also a major barrier to Internet banking adoption for corporate customers.
Comparative Perception Among Minority Communities on the Knowledge of UN Convention of the Rights of Child, Institutional Responsibilities and Child Participation in Decision Making Processes
Authors: Zeqiraj Nehare
Published: July 2017

The survey document is mandated to address two issues in Republic of Kosova as following:
I. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of children and communities in relation to children rights and child protection in 5 Kosovo regions: Peja Gjakova, Ferizaj, Prizren and Fushe Kosovo
II. Evaluation of the communities knowledge on existing services in case of violations of the children rights in 5 Kosovo regions: Peja Gjakova, Ferizaj, Prizren and Fushe Kosovo
The Diversification of E- Services in Tourism Marketing – Case of Albania
Authors: Noti Elton , Trebicka Brunela
Published: July 2017

The hospitality industry provides twenty-four hour service all year long for the interested people, just like the Internet which is always online. This immediate information that the Internet presents to the potential customers and the opportunity to have a better viewpoint of the service they are going to buy, prepare them for the experience they are going to live. Ideas on website quality may differ, but there is also a great deal of common ground so there is a need for further research by the marketing experts. Therefore, it is very important for tourism businesses and other organizations, either from private, or from public sector, to understand the customer needs that are amenable to fulfillment in an online environment and strive to meet them. Some questions that can be raised are: What makes a destination website an effective marketing tool? How can success be measured? What is a successful website? How can quality and effectiveness be evaluated? The purpose of this paper is to address these questions using a literature review methodology, as well as a content analysis of some of the Albanian touristic websites. Seeing the growing role of websites as a customer contact point and virtual company office, tourism businesses are realizing the strategic importance of a website as a marketing tool for addressing consumers in electronic business environment.
Effects of Socio-Cultural Developments of Gjakovar Society
Authors: Avdiaj Bekim , Avdiaj Lumnije
Published: July 2017

Human being is nowadays experiencing the highest achievements in all domains of life. These developments entered in almost all human societies, even to the most isolated ones. This has also influenced that today’s societies differ significantly from the thousand-years-old traditional societies. Such radical transformations, did not only change the world outside, but they continue to change radically the most intimate aspects of personal daily life. These achievements on one hand represent great promises for the future, creating possibilities to access and communicate with the most remote places on the planet, while on the other hand these present security concerns. Part of these developments and transformations is also the Gjakovar society, which until this new century was distinguished for traditional and cultural organization, not only in Kosovo, but all over Albanian territories. However, the new flows of time development imposed the reorganization of society in this area. Certainly it had and continues to have its challenges, especially from its internal part. Transformation and the new developing flows dictated in weakening the secular traditions and cultural habits and embrace new ones. Although on one side it appears to be positive, on the other hand are emerging new concern occurrences that are creating volatility and organization instability, and putting the society of this region in crisis through socio-cultural aspect, especially in the field of internal security.