bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Krytyka kształcenia moralno-etycznego jako pozytywny moment wychowania człowieka w humanistycznej koncepcji Bogdana Suchodolskiego
Authors: Sztylka Andrzej
Published: April 2017

W wydanej w 1936 roku książce Wychowanie moralno-społeczne Bogdan Suchodolski poddaje głębokiej krytyce ideę i praktykę tradycyjnie prowadzonego wychowania w zakresie moralności. Rozwój społeczno-moralny dotyczy całej osobowości człowieka, która wzrasta i zmienia się przez całe życie. W związku z tym jej kształcenie ani nie może ograniczać się do jakiegoś „czasu nauki” w odróżnieniu od „czasu życia”, ani nie odbywa się w oderwaniu od przemian otoczenia jednostki, zarówno w wymiarze bliskim, jak i odległym. W tym kontekście Suchodolski wykazuje nieprzydatność kształcenia przygotowującego, podkreślając znaczenie wychowania uczestniczącego i reformującego. Tak więc wychowanie społeczno-moralne polegać winno na takim kształceniu osobowości, aby potrafiła ona osiągać samodzielność w samowychowaniu i poprzez rozwój umiejętności życia wewnętrznego, społecznego i kulturalnego. Odbywa się to nie intelektualistycznie, lecz integralnie, na mocy przewyższania poziomu dotychczasowego rozwoju przez miłość i twórczość w budowaniu wspólnoty. Decyduje o tym charakter pracy jednostki, prowadzący do wewnętrznego rozwoju osobowości i uspołeczniającego uczestnictwa w otaczającej rzeczywistości.
The deethicization of fife and restricting the moral education to a necessary and practicable minimum
Authors: Ünder Hasan
Published: April 2017

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na nasilające się zjawisko etycyzacji zachodzące w licznych sferach życia codziennego. Prześledzono je zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do społeczeństw, w których przepisy religijne odgrywają nadrzędną rolę. Wyszczególnione i omówione zostały możliwe przyczyny pojawienia się tego trendu oraz jego negatywne konsekwencje dla życia zbiorowego i indywidualnego. Na tej podstawie autor postuluje deetycyzację, czyli ograniczenie wychowania moralnego do niezbędnego i wykonalnego minimum jako strategię bardziej realistyczną i przynoszącą więcej korzyści.
Serotonin Receptor Binding Characteristics of Geissoschizine Methyl Ether, an Indole Alkaloid in Uncaria Hook
Authors: Ikarashi Yasushi , Sekiguchi Kyoji , Mizoguchi Kazushige
Published: April 2017

Background:

Geissoschizine methyl ether (GM) is one of the indole alkaloids in Uncaria
hook, and an active ingredient of yokukansan (YKS) that improves behavioral and psychological symptoms
of dementia (BPSD) in patients with several types of dementia. The pharmacological action of GM
has been related to various serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes.

Objective:

The aim of this article is to review the binding characteristics of GM to the 5-HT receptor
subtypes in the brains using our own data and previous findings.

Method:

Competitive receptor-binding and agonist/antagonist activity assays for several 5-HT receptor
subtypes were performed. Moreover, the articles describing pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of
GM were searched in PubMed.

Results:

GM bound the following 5-HT receptor subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-
HT4, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7. Among these receptors, GM had partial agonistic activity for 5-HT1A
receptors and antagonistic activity for 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptors. Also, GM was
metabolized by various CYP isoforms, mainly CYP3A4. Parent/unchanged GM was detected in both the
blood and brain of rats after oral administration of YKS. In the brains, GM was presumed to bind to 5-
HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptors on neuron-like large cells mainly in the frontal cortex.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that GM is a pharmacologically important alkaloid that regulates
various serotonergic activities or functions by binding to multiple 5-HT receptor subtypes. Thus, this
review provides recent 5-HT receptor-related evidence that GM is partly responsible for pharmacological
effects of YKS.
COMPORTAMENTO FINANCEIRO PESSOAL DE ALUNOS DO TERCEIRO ANO NOTURNO DO ENSINO MÉDIO DA REDE PÚBLICA DE ENSINO DA CIDADE DE LAJEADO/RS
Authors: Johann Bruno Luís , Braido Gabriel Machado
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo identificar o comportamento financeiro pessoal de alunos do terceiro ano noturno do Ensino Médio da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Lajeado/RS. Para isso, abordou em sua revisão de literatura os temas educação financeira, administração de finanças pessoais, orçamento doméstico e controle financeiro pessoal. Na sequência, efetuou-se um levantamento de dados, por meio de um questionário estruturado, com 161 alunos. O estudo caracterizou-se por ser aplicado, quantitativo e descritivo. Entre os resultados, identificou-se alunos pouco endividados, preocupados em gerenciar melhor o dinheiro e que, normalmente, não gastam mais do que recebem. Verificou-se, também, que alguns alunos que precisam poupar mais, realizar mais controles sobre as finanças e investir melhor o dinheiro economizado.
FATORES INFLUENCIADORES E O MERCADO DE PNEUS TRUCK NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Lovato Marcelo , Conto Samuel Martim
Published: April 2017

Diante das contínuas e cada vez mais ávidas mudanças de mercado, há uma grande necessidade de que os gestores conheçam as ameaças e oportunidades existentes no mercado como um todo para poder identificar seus pontos de melhorias e suas qualidades, buscando se adaptar a este ambiente competitivo. Conhecer seus clientes, sua região de atuação, seus concorrentes e todos os fatores influenciadores de seu mercado já não bastam. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que podem influenciar na decisão de compra dos clientes de pneus Truck no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste estudo quantitativo de caráter exploratório e descritivo foram pesquisados 90 clientes de parte da carteira da empresa Comercial e Importadora de Pneus Ltda. Foi identificado que dentre as necessidades consideradas mais importantes por esse público consumidor, o serviço de suporte técnico é uma carência da maioria deles. Outras necessidades também consideradas importantes pelos respondentes foram o serviço de montagem de pneus e o veículo de assistência à frota, onde ambos deveriam ser fornecidos pelo revendedor. O serviço de recapagem também foi mencionado com menor expressividade. Outro influenciador identificado foi a importância do fator humano, onde os respondentes identificaram como principal característica do vendedor ideal o conhecimento técnico do produto, seguido pelo pós-venda.
PLANEJAMENTO DE CARREIRA: UM ESTUDO COM FORMANDOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS
Authors: Pestka Luana Machado , Braido Gabriel Machado , Cerutti Bernardete Bregolin
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a autopercepção dos formandos de Administração de Empresas e suas Linhas de Formação Específicas, de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) do Rio Grande do Sul, do semestre B/2015, para saber se eles possuem planejamento de carreira e se aprovam a existência de uma disciplina desta natureza no currículo dos cursos. Por meio de uma amostra de 68 formandos, foi possível concluir que 54,4% realizam planejamento de carreira e 83,8% aprovam a oferta de disciplina com foco nesta temática no currículo dos seus cursos.
The Impact of Client Error-Management Climate and the Nature of the Auditor-Client Relationship on External Auditor Reporting Decisions
Authors: Perreault Stephen , Wainberg James , Luippold Benjamin L.
Published: April 2017

An important aspect of an organization's tone at the top is its practices for correcting the behavior of employees who deviate from set corporate policies and procedures (COSO 2013). Collectively, these practices are often referred to as an organization's error-management climate (EMC). We investigate whether a client's EMC can lead to behaviors that could reduce audit quality. We conduct an experiment and find that when a client's EMC is error averse (i.e., where employees are sanctioned for committing errors), external auditors indicate that client employees' errors discovered by the auditor are less likely to be reported. In addition, we examine the joint impact of the nature of the auditor-client relationship and EMC on auditor reporting. We find perceptions of reporting likelihood to be lower when the auditor is described as having a positive interpersonal relationship with the client employee responsible for the error. In addition, we find that this factor interacts with client EMC so as to exacerbate the observed reluctance to report when the climate is error averse. Our results provide initial evidence to suggest that an organization's EMC may impact auditor behaviors that could lead to reduced audit quality.

Data Availability: Upon request.
Pro Forma Earnings Presentation Effects and Investment Decisions
Authors: Hogan Brian R. , Krishnamoorthy Ganesh , Maroney James J.
Published: April 2017

Reacting to the criticism that companies routinely mislead investors by emphasizing non-GAAP or pro forma numbers, the SEC promulgated Regulation G in 2003, which requires firms to provide a reconciliation of the pro forma and GAAP numbers. In this study, we conduct an experiment to examine how investors' GAAP and non-GAAP earnings performance assessments affect their financial evaluations and investment decisions based on the presentation format of the reconciliation (presenting a full non-GAAP income statement, referred to as the full NGIS format, versus presenting only the items that caused the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP measures, referred to as the summary NGIS format). We find that even though a summary NGIS format for the reconciliation of pro forma earnings does not increase the perceived non-GAAP earnings performance, it does increase the weight given to non-GAAP earnings performance when making investment-related judgments and decisions, relative to a full NGIS format. These findings regarding the evaluation and weighting of non-GAAP earnings performance extend prior studies and suggest that non-GAAP earnings information may be processed differently based upon the format of the reconciliation. Further, our finding regarding the weighting of non-GAAP earnings performance is inconsistent with the concern expressed by the SEC that the full NGIS format may give greater prominence to non-GAAP information. Finally, the implications of these findings for regulators, investors, and future research are discussed.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
A Review on the Water and Energy Sectors in Algeria: Current, Forecasts, Scenario and Sustainability Issues
Authors: Amine Boudghene Stambouli  , Ait Mimoune Hamiche  , Samir Flazi
Published: April 2017

The water sector in Algeria has to date paid scant attention to the issue of climate change and is often unaware of its impact on future water resources. Studies will be needed to assess the impact and cost of climate change and draw up adaptation solutions. Forecasts are not optimistic. Models for climate change indicate that rainfall could decrease by more than 20% by 2050, which would result in even greater worsening water shortages in different basins of Algeria. The construction of 70 dams planned will provide only small additional volumes. The particular challenge for Algeria in the coming decades will be to adapt to a decrease in renewable water resources. The country will have to carefully manage these resources. Mobilization of non-conventional water resources (desalination and wastewater reuse) will be a strategic component of future water policy. The development of unconventional resources and the management of water demand will increase more the energy consumption of the water sector. This consumption would reach nearly 12% of the country's consumption and must be integrated dice now in the country's energy forecasts. More coordinated planning and action will consequently be required between the water and energy sectors if further aggravation of the water deficit is to be avoided. Moreover, the revolution in renewable energy (wind and solar power) in terms of technological development and costs may help reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and ensure reserves for future generations by fostering decentralized renewable energy projects for alimentation of pumping stations. Algeria has thus set itself by 2030 a share of renewable energy in the national energy balance of between 30 and 40%. The share of renewable power will represent about 17% of installed capacity (5539 MW) compared to 4.74% in 2011 (540 MW).
General Analysis of Frequency Containment and Restoration Reserves of Wind Power Plants in Power Systems
Authors: J. Glas  , A. Semerow  , M. Luther
Published: April 2017

The increasing share of renewable energies, such as photovoltaics and wind power, lead to an all new situation in power systems over the past years. It changes the demand and possibilities of providing ancillary services like frequency containment (FCR) and restoration reserves (FRR). To cover the reduction of conventional generation units, which are usually used to provide those services, new possibilities have to be analysed. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities of providing FCR and FRR by pitch controlled wind power plants, regarding the overall dynamic system behaviour. Hence, a basic grid model with an integrated wind park, using pitch-control to adjust its power output, is being introduced and described. The simulation results of different wind situations during a power loss in the grid are then presented in order to assert the practicability of wind power plants providing FCR and FRR. As a conclusion, it is to ascertain that, pitch-control can be a way to support conventional units in providing ancillary services, but can’t be a stand-alone solution.
Estimation of Power Grid Topology Parameters through Pilot Signals
Authors: S. Neshvad  , H. Margossian  , J. Sachau
Published: April 2017

The distribution grid has been the source of an increased amount of electricity production in recent years. Coupled with the adoption of open energy markets, this event has significantly complicated the powerflows on the distribution grid, urging network operators to invest in advanced control and monitoring tools in order to optimize the efficiency and reliability of the system. In this context, a method to estimate the connection status of distributed generators and the system topology is proposed in this paper, the goal being to obtain up to date information on the power system network’s configuration. This will enable grid operators to have visibility on the status of the distribution grid and react proactively to problematic situations that might arise. The proposed topology estimation method relies on injected pilot signals through generators feeding in power. Pilot voltage stimulations are injected from distributed generators and the induced currents effects are measured at several nodes in the system. The measured data is evaluated through correlation, and a weighed least-square algorithm, applied to the network’s dynamic model, estimates those unknown parameters and provides an accurate snapshot of the power network topology. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a small scale distribution network.
Power Quality Management of NASA’s Large, Nonlinear Research Loads
Authors: G. H. Sydnor, PE
Published: April 2017

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducts research on aircraft and spacecraft concepts and materials at the Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton, Virginia. In order to match real flight conditions, large, high energy research facilities are used with solid-state power supplies and variable frequency drives to power large motors and arc heaters. Incorporation of this technology introduces nonlinear loads to the electrical power distribution grid and the added consideration of power quality. Because of the resultant harmonic current injection to the line side of these loads, the requirements of IEEE 519 were specified by NASA for each installation in an effort to maintain an acceptable level of power quality across the entire Research Center. Selection of the point of common coupling and minimization of system resonances were design considerations that impacted the cost and performance of the installations. Several of these NASA installations are described here: a 101 MW synchronous machine with Load Commutated Inverter drive, a 9MW synchronous machine with cycloconverter drive, and a 20 MW arc-heater DC power supply. Results of design configurations, harmonic content, operational issues, site layout, and system performance are presented.
Impact of Battery Charging of Electric Vehicles on Power Quality in Smart Homes and Low-Voltage Distribution Networks
Authors: D. S. Batorowicz  , H. Zimmer  , P. Franz  , J. Hanson
Published: April 2017

The German federal government is aiming towards one million electric vehicles by 2020 [1]. The battery charging of electric vehicles in low-voltage networks with high penetration of power electronic devices is the scope of this investigation. Due to an increase of the number of electric vehicles, the changes of power quality and violation of predefined limits are evaluated. This analysis gives information about expected power quality and challenges for the distribution network operators and the manufacturers to conform present standards.
NuRenew – An Advanced Hybrid Nuclear-Renewable Energy Park
Authors: B. Petrovic
Published: April 2017

The paper will present a novel concept of a hybrid Nuclear-Renewable (NuRenew) energy park, originally introduced in 2011 [1-2], that promotes accelerated synergistic deployment of non-fossil power generating sources enabling economically viable phasing out of fossil power plants and their replacement by near-zero emission power sources (nuclear and renewables). While a number of other hybrid energy systems have been proposed [3], the NuRenew concept synergistically combines high-temperature liquid salt cooled reactors (LSCR), liquid salt based concentrated solar power (CSP), and liquid salt based thermal energy storage (TES), for the first time all tightly coupled together in a flexible, robust topology. This integrated approach enables jointly developing high temperature salt technologies for all three systems, thus sharing the development costs, which otherwise would require an investment potentially too large for any individual technology by itself. Moreover, the energy storage is shared reducing the cost to each of the participating technologies. The Nu-Renew energy park is expected to include industries that use high process temperatures and significant amounts of energy, including coal-to-liquid, hydrogen production, water desalination, and manufacturing of PV-panels. For the nuclear power plant, this energy park provides an opportunity to expand beyond the electricity production, to a range of high temperature process heat applications. To protect investment, some of these processes may require extremely high reliability and uninterrupted operation, which would not be possible to guarantee by the nuclear power itself without the thermal energy storage. For CSP, sharing of the TEST costs with nuclear may significantly enhance its economic viability. CSP offers great potential, but its mass deployment will not occur until its economic competitiveness is achieved and insolation intermittency is addressed. Deployment within the NuRenew will enable shared use (and thus cost reduction) of the common thermal energy storage to address the intermittency issue at an acceptable cost for CSP.
Project Implementation of the Micro Hydroelectric Roncador
Authors: J. A. A. Polli  , G. M. Alves  , R. C. Betini  , P. C. Fritzen
Published: April 2017

The city of Bocaiúva do Sul/PR and the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) signed an agreement for the creation of an Environmental Education Center in the city. This agreement includes the reactivation of Roncador hydroelectric micro-station, to generate electricity through four different types of turbines, which will serve as a teaching laboratory for the academic community. This work aimed to carry out studies for the implementation of the Roncador hydroelectric micro-station project, which is disabled since 1950. For the study, a review of the literature was performed and field work was carried out to analyse the existing and all necessary structures to implement the hydroelectric micro-station. After analysis it was found that it is a run-of-river hydroelectric, where part of the existing structure could be reused, however, there was a need for full reconstruction of some structures. The gross head extent was 14.8 m with a flow rate of 0.450 m3/s and a power of 47 kW.
Stochastic Modelling Applied to Prediction of Electricity Saving by using Solar Water Heating Systems for Low-Income Families
Authors: B. G. Menita  , J. L. Domingos  , E. G. Domingues  , A. J. Alves  , W. P. Calixto
Published: April 2017

Solar water heating systems for low-income families as Energy Efficiency Action bring energetic benefits for the consumers and the Brazilian Electrical System and also contribute for the reduction of the environmental impacts associated with generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. This paper presents the stochastic modelling for the generation of future scenarios of electricity saving of Energy Efficiency Projects that involves solar water heating systems for low-income families. The model is developed by using the Geometric Brownian Motion Stochastic Process with Mean Reversion (GBM-MR) associated with the Monte Carlo simulation technique. As a result it is possible to obtain the time series and the probability distribution function of the energy saving for each year of the simulation period. Once there is no historical data available for obtaining the standard deviation and the mean reversion speed of the stochastic process, it is presented a sensitivity analysis in order to verify how these parameters influence on the results.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam following intravenous and intramuscular administration to sheep
Authors: Simon Bradley T. , Scallan Elizabeth M. , O Odette , Ebner Lisa Sams , Cerullo Michelle N. , Follette Christelle , Cox Sherry K. , Doherty Thomas J. , Lizarraga Ignacio
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of midazolam following IV and IM administration in sheep.

ANIMALS 8 healthy adult rams.

PROCEDURES Sheep were administered midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) by the IV route and then by the IM route 7 days later in a crossover study. Physiologic and behavioral variables were assessed and blood samples collected for determination of plasma midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam (primary midazolam metabolite) concentrations immediately before (baseline) and at predetermined times for 1,440 minutes after midazolam administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by compartmental and noncompartmental methods.

RESULTS Following IV administration, midazolam was rapidly and extensively distributed and rapidly eliminated; mean ± SD apparent volume of distribution, elimination half-life, clearance, and area under the concentration-time curve were 838 ± 330 mL/kg, 0.79 ± 0.44 hours, 1,272 ± 310 mL/h/kg, and 423 ± 143 h·ng/mL, respectively. Following IM administration, midazolam was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was high; mean ± SD maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve, and bioavailability were 820 ± 268 ng/mL, 0.46 ± 0.26 hours, 1,396 ± 463 h·ng/mL, and 352 ± 148%, respectively. Respiratory rate was transiently decreased from baseline for 15 minutes after IV administration. Times to peak sedation and ataxia after IV administration were less than those after IM administration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated midazolam was a suitable short-duration sedative for sheep, and IM administration may be a viable alternative when IV administration is not possible.
Social and Environmental Justice for Communities of the Mekong River
Authors: Barrington Dani J. , Dobbs Stephen , Loden Daniel I.
Published: April 2017

During the mid-twentieth century the construction of hydroelectric dams in developing countries became a contentious issue in economic and political arenas. Governments and pro-damming parties, particularly those with a direct commercial interest, often consider the dams to be necessary for economic growth, as well as being in the national interest. Others directly impacted by the altered hydrology and ecology, as well as experts concerned with environmental and demographic impacts, are less sure about the benefits of hydro-electric dams. Concerns about the environmental and human impacts of dams are heightened on a waterway such as the Mekong River, which flows through six sovereign states. When the impacts are to be felt across entire regions, ensuring just outcomes for all the stakeholders is crucial to long-term regional political stability and economic wellbeing. Engineers are pivotal in the design and construction of dams, and engineering teams also play an increasingly important role in assisting communities impacted by the altered hydrology. This article focuses on the community and environmental implications of engineering decisions on the Mekong River, and suggests ways in which engineers involved in dam design and construction can play a role in ensuring that socially and environmentally just outcomes are achieved.
Engineering and War
Authors: Nieusma Dean , Blue Ethan
Published: April 2017

This paper shows how the connections between engineering and warfare/militarism are closer than is usually recognized. It investigates the nature of that relationship using theoretical perspectives from critical theory and social constructionism. We draw on historical research into the influence of military institutions and interests on the field of engineering, but also look broadly at cultures of warfare that extend beyond formalized military institutions. Focusing on engineering labor and engineering epistemologies, we suggest that engineering today can be understood as a “war-built” discipline—even when practiced apart from military institutions and projects. We put forward “social justice” as an idealized alternative foundation for engineering. In addition to serving as a corrective to the inordinate influence of militarism on engineering, a social-justice-based approach could also sensitize engineers and others to the pervasive role of social context in shaping both what engineers do and how that is understood to serve broad public interests.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Nieusma Dean , Riley Donna , Kabo Jens , Mushtaq Usman
Published: April 2017

This editorial introduces the new journal, IJESJP. It also provides background information on the journal's formation and the ESJP network.
We’ve Been Framed! Ends, Means, and the Ethics of the Grand(iose) Challenges
Authors: Riley Donna
Published: April 2017

Since the United States’ National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges were first publicly articulated in 2008, engineering educators have used its ideas to motivate their work. While there is a sense of moral imperative around pursuing selected Challenges, work that critically examines the ethics of the Grand Challenges has so far been rare. In this paper, examining the process surrounding the framing of the Grand Challenges generates a series of ethical questions about both the specifics of the Challenges and the processes that gave rise to them. A Grand Challenges lesson plan for classroom implementation focuses students on the ethics of problem framing, and the consideration of social justice questions as an integral part of professional ethics.
Listening to the Quiet Voices: Unlocking the Heart of Engineering Grand Challenges
Authors: Catalano George D
Published: April 2017

According to the National Academy of Engineering, the list for the Grand Challenges for Engineering are: (1) Make solar energy economical; (2) Provide energy from fusion; (3) Develop carbon sequestration methods; (4) Manage the nitrogen cycle; (5) Provide access to clean water; (6) Restore and improve urban infrastructure; (7) Advance health informatics; (8) Engineer better medicines; (9) Reverse-engineer the brain; (10) Prevent nuclear terror; (11) Secure cyberspace; (12) Enhance virtual reality; (13) Advance personalized learning; and (14) Engineer the tools of scientific discovery. Surely, it may be difficult to find many who would find any reason to disagree with the identification of any of these topics for both the present and future engineers. Rather than object to what is included, I would like to raise the issue of what has been neglected in this list and far too often in engineering—listening to the quiet voices that speak from within each of us from our heart. I am suggesting the act of listening as one additional entry for this most important list.In my view, one set of skills that our profession does not encourage very well is stopping and listening—stopping and listening to each other, stopping and listening to life around us, or stopping and listening even to ourselves. This is a skill that, given the pace of our modern society, technological advances and our cultural conditioning, must be cultivated for it likely will simply either never develop or quickly wither away. The question at hand then becomes how does one cultivate the ability to stop and to listen? The present work offers one such path though clearly there are countless others.
Engineering Ethics from a Justice Perspective: A Critical Repositioning of What It Means To Be an Engineer
Authors: Baillie Caroline , Levine Michael
Published: April 2017

We expect engineers, much as we expect doctors, teachers, plumbers, bankers and even our politicians to be honest. Minimally this means that they should not cheat, falsify documents or reports, keep promises and adhere to contractual obligations. But more can be said about the relation between engineering and ethics. Enlarging what it means to be an engineer is to understand the responsibility of a professional to see beyond what ethics means within the boundaries of contemporary pressures and measures of success, and to know what the available choices are before deciding on any new direction. Some ethical problems are internal to engineering itself. In this paper we use a social justice perspective to critique current ideas about engineering ethics and consider the enlarging which needs to occur to break through the dominant paradigms of the profession.
Peace and Conflict: Engineering Responsibilities and Opportunities
Authors: Muscat Robert J.
Published: April 2017

In many conflicts, the consequences of engineering projects are among the problems at issue, and engineers are unavoidably parties to the problems. Engineers need to raise their awareness of the potential effects of their projects, especially in situations of serious social and political contention, and to explore alternative designs or engineering solutions, and methods of implementation, that may ameliorate rather than exacerbate tensions. Engineers will also need to dialogue effectively with the many stakeholders affected if these projects are to be politically viable and achieve their technical purposes. The paper draws on several case studies of engineering projects in conflict situations, especially in developing countries. The article offers a check list of factors to take into account when designing and locating power, irrigation, mining, transport, and other types of engineering projects, in areas of conflict or potential conflict. The focus of the paper is primarily, but not entirely, on social conflict.
Emotional Engineering
Authors: Byrne Chris
Published: April 2017

I want to talk about emotions. Well, I don’t really want to. Frankly, not having to deal with emotions was one of the attributes of engineering that attracted me to this field of study.  I liked keeping interactions on an intellectual level. Answers to Math and Physics homework sets were cut and dried and the odd numbered ones could be found in the back of the book. There was security in knowing the right answer. However, despite the promise of clarity, even as an engineer, I found questions finding their way in, or their way out, questions that were rooted in my emotional landscape. Is this all there is? What do I want my life to be about? How am I making the world a better place by the work that I do? These weren’t academic questions for me; they were soul searching questions that challenged the core of my identity. Could I be an engineer and be whole, whatever that might mean? I’m proud of the work I have done to become an engineer, but there is something missing.
Are there ecological problems that technology cannot solve? Water scarcity and dams, climate change and biofuels
Authors: Karwat Darshan M.A. , Eagle W. Ethan , Wooldridge Margaret S.
Published: April 2017

This paper shows through a comparative case study that many contemporary engineers working on a technological response to climate change—biofuel production—continue to be guided by traditional ethical and historical principles of efficiency and growth in spite of the uniqueness of climate change as a problem unbounded globally in space and time.  The comparative case study reveals that in the past environmental issues like water scarcity were viewed as deficiencies of nature.  In contrast, the development of biofuels as an engineering response to climate change shows that environmental and ecological issues today are viewed as deficiencies of technologies.  Yet, just like large dams on rivers had (and continue to have) negative socioecological outcomes, political economy and political ecology research show biofuel development has socially unjust and ecologically degrading outcomes.  Many engineers continue to separate the “technical” from the “political” aspects of engineering work, resulting in lost opportunities to reshape the technological development paradigm.  While every technology has some negative impacts, engineers, as socioecological experimentalists, must account for these outcomes in their work to mitigate them.  Encouragingly, the engineers interviewed for this paper (along the authors of this paper, who are all engineers) believe that problems like climate change are too narrowly defined, and that the problem-solving capabilities of engineers would lead to more favorable outcomes if problems were more broadly defined to incorporate concerns of social justice and ecological holism, and if we are given legitimacy and agency in proposing alternative, radical, and paradigm-changing solutions to problems like climate change.
Highland Lake Workshop Conversations about Critical Action
Authors: Riley Donna , Saleh Nasser , Matovic Darko , Baillie Caroline
Published: April 2017

On December 6, 2014, Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace (ESJP) co-hosted a one-day workshop with Critical Stage and the University of Western Australia titled “Conversations about Critical Action.” The workshop was hosted at the North American Cultural Lab in Highland Lake, New York. An interdisciplinary group of 14 participants from Australia, England, Canada, and the United States met, representing academics, artists, actors, directors, film-makers, activists, teachers and engineers whose common interest is in making a difference both individually and as a community.The conversation focused on critical reflections of past, present and future actions with the goal of enhancing social justice in discussing the workshop’s main theme: How might I be the person I would most like to be and contribute to making the world more socially just?Using an Open Space Technology format and Talking Circle processes with an interactive approach, the workshop participants developed self-organized sessions.
Out of the Depths: Engineering, Submersibles and Assemblages
Authors: Reader John
Published: April 2017

Environmental concerns about the state of the world’s oceans have been growing over recent years, particularly as acidification, overfishing and the limited capacity of the oceans to absorb CO2 from climate change have come to the fore. Engineering practices and innovations in a number of forms are of direct relevance to this, notably through a concern to develop engineering in such a way as to be for the benefit of all, including the non-human world. This article argues that assemblage theory offers an alternative way of understanding how culture is always already a part of nature, and that human autonomy has to be seen as constrained and limited if the worst effects of pollution and climate change are to be addressed.
A Review of Recent Developments and Problems in the Forestry Sector of Nepal
Authors: Das Annapurna Nand
Published: April 2017

No abstract availableBanko Janakari Vol.11(2) 2001: 1-2
Species diversity and forest structure of pine plantations in the middle hills of Nepal
Authors: Gautam Ambika P. , Webb Edward L.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.11(2) 2001: 13-21
Unintended outcomes of community forestry intervention in Nepal: some implications
Authors: Baral Jagdish C.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 3-7
Inventory with different sampling intensities: a tool for community forestry management in the middle hills of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Gopal P.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 20-26
International Year of Mountains 2002 Celebration in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Lokendra R.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 76-78
Trees outside forests: an ignored dimension of forest resource assessment
Authors: Oli B.N.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 79-81
Developing Non-timber forest products sub-sector in Nepal
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2017

No abstract availableBanko Janakari Vol.13(2) 2003: 1-2
Forest certification for promoting sustainable forestry in Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Damodar P. , Kandel Pem Narayan , Linforth Vanessa
Published: April 2017

Abstract on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.13(2) 2003: 3-7
Nutritional Status of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis in a Tertiary Referral Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Maskey Abhishek , Regmi Yukta Narayan , Katuwal Sushant
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common problem in hemodialysis patient, which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. There is paucity of data regarding the nutritional status of patient on maintenance hemodialysis in developing countries. This study attempts to access nutritional status of patients on hemodialysis in tertiary referral hospital on western region of Nepal and correlate it with biochemical and laboratory parameters.Methods: A total of fifty patients on hemodialysis were evaluated. Nutritional assessment was made by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score, anthropometrics [Body Mass Index (BMI), Triceps Skin Fold Thickness (TSF), Mid Arm Circumference (MAC), Mid Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC) and biochemical tests.Results: The study assessed 50 patients (34 males and 16 females) with mean age of 54 ± 14 years. Seventy eight percent (39) patients had mild to moderate malnutrition. Anthropometric parameters like BMI, TSF, MAC with normal nutrition were significantly higher than in patients with mild to moderate malnutrition. Malnutrition score (MS) by SGA significantly correlated with duration of dialysis. However, serum albumin was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Malnutrition is very common in patients undergoing hemodialysis with SGA having significant correlation with duration of dialysis. Routine nutritional monitoring among such patients are extremely important for diagnosing malnutrition early on, thus preventing complications and reducing the morbidity and mortality rates in this population.
Histo-Pathological Study of Endometrial Biopsies in Patients With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Parajuli Sharmila , Thapa Binita
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common sign of a number of different uterine disorders ranging from dysfunctional (non organic) abnormalities or complications of pregnancy to organic lesions such as polyps, hyperplasia or carcinoma. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Hospital of 2nd author during a period of 5 years (Jan 2008-Dec 2013).  Histopathology records were retrieved and searched for cases of abnormal uterine bleeding. Relevant histopathological findings and clinical data were recorded and analyzed. The aim of the study was to determine the causes for abnormal uterine bleeding in women presenting to the hospital and to compare the histopathological findings at various age groups.Results: The age of patients ranged from 17 to 71 years with an average of 43 years. The most common cause of uterine bleeding was found to be proliferative phase endometrium; that were 649 cases (56.43%). Out of the pathological causes, the most common cause was found to be endometrial hyperplasia- 44 cases (3.82%). Endometrial carcinoma was found to be more common in the elderly postmenopausal women. A total of 6 cases (0.5%) of endometrial carcinoma were present.Conclusion: Endometrial hyperplasias and malignancies are common in increasing age group, especially in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. So, a thorough work-up and diagnostic endometrial biopsy is therefore mandatory without delay in these patients to rule out malignancies.
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath of Great Toe
Authors: Thapa Surya Bahadur , Banskota Bibek , Banskota Ashok Kumar
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor of the tendon sheath and synovium usually affecting the middle aged population.  Only 3-10 % of Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath occur on foot. Of them 5 - 10 % present with erosion of bone. We present a case of 30 years old male who had Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath on the foot involving the Flexor Hallucis Longs  and Extensor Hallucis Longus and eroding both the phalanges of the right great toe.
Anti-cancer effect of Atractylodes macrocephala extract by double induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death in head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Kou Ni , Cho Hyejoung , Kim Hye-Eun , Sun Qiaochu , Ahn Kyuhyeon , Ji Hyeongjoon , Choi Hongran , Kim Okjoon
Published: April 2017

The apoptosis resistance restricts the efficacy of traditional therapies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To overcome this problem, Atractylodes macrocephala, a traditional Korean and Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in clinical practice. In the present study, the anticancer effect of A. macrocephala extract was investigated and its underlying mechanisms using head and neck cancer KB cell line. The extract-induced cytotoxicity was mediated by autophagic cell death as well as apoptosis in HNSCC cells though extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the Akt/mTOR autophagic pathway. This study suggests that A. macrocephala extracts can be a potential drug to overcome side effects and susceptibility for head and neck carcinoma by double induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Assessment of CFD Capability for Hypersonic Shock Wave Laminar Boundary Layer Interactions
Authors: Rouhi Youssefi Mehrnaz , Knight Doyle
Published: April 2017

The goal of this study is to assess CFD capability for the prediction of shock wave laminar boundary layer interactions at hypersonic velocities. More specifically, the flow field over a double-cone configuration is simulated using both perfect gas and non-equilibrium Navier–Stokes models. Computations are compared with recent experimental data obtained from measurements conducted in the LENS XX (Large Energy National Shock Expansion Tunnel Version 2) at the Calspan University of Buffalo Research Center (CUBRC). Four separate cases of freestream conditions are simulated to examine the models for a range of stagnation enthalpies from 5.44 MJ/kg to 21.77 MJ/kg and Mach numbers from 10.9 to 12.82.
Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Mini Review
Authors: Eme Robert
Published: April 2017

Traumatic brain injury outcomes can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute outcomes refer to injuries that occur immediately at the time of the injury and subsequent short-term consequences. Chronic outcomes refer to adverse outcomes that are more long-term. In mild traumatic brain injury, recovery from acute outcomes typically occurs very rapidly, i.e., within 2 weeks, with full recovery expected by 90 days. However, some 10%–15% individuals can remain symptomatic for much longer with an outcome termed post-concussive syndrome. This outcome is difficult to predict since there are very few rigorous, prospective studies of this syndrome.
The Relationship between the Geoecological and Anthropic Aspects for the Conformation of the Urban Climate of Viçosa-MG in the Synotic Situation of Stability in 2015
Authors: Fernandes Ludmilla , Brandão do Prado Leonardo , Fialho Edson
Published: April 2017

The intense process of urbanization and the expansion of the urban area in the last few decades has led to contrasting settings in the urban area of Viçosa (MG), which undoubtedly reverberate differently in the thermal field. In order to understand the nature and behavior of climatic elements and their relationship with the factors of natural and human order in the city, nine data collection points were installed in its central area, equipped with HOBO data loggers of the model U10-003. In addition to these data, the sky view factor (SVF), and the geoecological aspects and anthropic landscape elements of the analyzed area, are observed.
Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions
Authors: Alsharif Mohammed , Kim Jeong , Kim Jin
Published: April 2017

Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade. As its major contribution, this study highlights the uses of renewable energy in cellular communication by: (i) investigating the system model and the potential of renewable energy solutions for cellular BSs; (ii) identifying the potential geographical locations for renewable-energy-powered BSs; (iii) performing case studies on renewable-energy-powered cellular BSs and suggesting future research directions based on our findings; (iv) examining the present deployment of sustainable and green BSs; and (v) studying the barriers that prevent the widespread use of renewable-energy-powered BSs and providing recommendations for future work.