bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Структурные и магнитные характеристики однослойных и многослойных наногранулированных пленок Co-Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-, полученных методом твердофазного синтеза
Authors: Волочаев М.Н. , Комогорцев С.В. , Мягков В.Г. , Быкова Л.Е. , Жигалов В.С. , Шестаков Н.П. , Великанов Д.А. , Смоляков Д.А. , Лукьяненко А.В. , Рачек В.Б. , Логинов Ю.Ю. , Тамбасов И.А. , Мацынин А.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe results of structural and magnetic investigations of nanogranular Co–Al_2O_3 films formed from Co_3O_4/Al thin-film layered structures upon vacuum annealing are reported. The Co_3O_4/Al films have been obtained by sequential reactive magnetron sputtering of a metallic cobalt target in a medium consisting of the Ar + O_2 gas mixture and magnetron sputtering of an aluminum target in the pure argon atmosphere. It is shown that such a technique makes it possible to obtain nanogranular Co–Al_2O_3 single- and multilayer thin films with a well-controlled size of magnetic grains and their distribution over the film thickness.
Электростатическая природа размерных зависимостей адсорбционных свойств нанопленок иттербия, выращиваемых на поверхности кремния: система CO-Yb-Si(111)
Authors: Митцев М.А. , Кузьмин М.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe adsorption of CO molecules onto ytterbium nanofilms with their thickness varying from 1 to 16 monolayers is studied. The dependences of the number of adsorbed CO molecules (adsorption isotherms) and the work function of ytterbium films on the dose of carbon monoxide are examined. It is demonstrated that both the number of adsorbed molecules and the work function depend (under equal conditions) on the nanofilm thickness; in other words, a size effect is revealed. It is found that this size effect is induced by the electrostatic interaction between the conduction electrons of ytterbium and the electrons localized on the nanofilm surface, which establish bonding between the surface and CO molecules. This interaction depends on the film thickness and limits the number of CO molecules that may be adsorbed onto the surface of a film with a given thickness.
Интеркалирование графена, сформированного на карбиде кремния, атомами железа
Authors: Гомоюнова М.В. , Гребенюк Г.С. , Давыдов В.Ю. , Ермаков И.А. , Елисеев И.А. , Лебедев А.А. , Лебедев С.П. , Лобанова Е.Ю. , Смирнов А.Н. , Смирнов Д.А. , Пронин И.И.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe intercalation of iron under a graphene monolayer grown on 4 H -SiC(0001) is studied. The experiments have been carried out in situ under conditions of ultrahigh vacuum by low-energy electron diffraction, high-energy-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, and near carbon K -edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The deposited iron film thicknesses have been varied within 0.1–2 nm and the sample temperatures from room temperature to 700°C. It is shown that the intercalation process begins at temperatures higher than ~350°C. In this case, it is found that intercalated iron atoms are localized not only between graphene and a buffer layer coating SiC, but also under the buffer layer itself. The optimal conditions of the intercalation are realized in the range 400–500°C, because, at higher temperatures, the system becomes unstable due to the chemical interaction of the intercalated iron with silicon carbide. The inertness of the intercalated films to action of oxygen is demonstrated.
Особенности спектров ядерного магнитного резонанса полигидроксилированного фуллерена C-=SUB=-60-=/SUB=-(OH)-=SUB=-n-=/SUB=-
Authors: Мазур А.C. , Карпунин А.Е. , Проскурина О.В. , Герасимов В.И. , Плешаков И.В. , Матвеев В.В. , Кузьмин Ю.И.
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolyhydroxylated fullerene C_60(OH)_ n (with an estimated number of hydroxyl groups n = 38–44) synthesized from pure fullerene by mixing a benzene solution of C_60 with a NaOH aqueous solution in the presence of a catalyst was studied with ^1H and ^13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Possible features of the structure of a molecule shell were revealed from ^1H NMR data. The ^13C spectrum showed a peak splitting with an increase in temperature, which is probably due to fullerenol isomers.
Рентгеноструктурный анализ эпитаксиальных слоев со свойствами дислокационного фильтра
Authors: Лошкарев И.Д. , Василенко А.П. , Труханов Е.М. , Колесников А.В. , Петрушков М.О. , Путято М.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn approach to instant testing of epitaxial films with a sharp decrease in the threading dislocation density is proposed. High-resolution X-ray diffractometry, including reciprocal space mapping, has been used. The structure of GaAs/Si(001) heterosystems with low-temperature GaAs layers has been analyzed. A decrease in the density of threading dislocations in the GaAs film with the formation of a small-angle boundary has been detected.
Новый подход к вычислению потенциальной энергии взаимодействия двух атомов
Authors: Кощеев В.П. , Штанов Ю.Н.
Published: June 2018

AbstractA Fourier component of the potential energy of interaction between two atoms has been presented as a polynomial of the biquadratic atomic form factor. A numerical calculation has been performed in the screened Coulomb potential approximation. It is demonstrated that the account for the Pauli principle leads to the occurrence of a potential barrier and an additional region of attraction of two atoms. This model is shown to agree qualitatively with the results of the density-functional-theory calculation.
Влияние метода формирования высокоомного буферного слоя GaN на свойства гетероструктур InAlN/GaN и AlGaN/GaN с двумерным электронным газом
Authors: Лундин В.В. , Сахаров А.В. , Заварин Е.Е. , Закгейм Д.А. , Николаев А.Е. , Брунков П.Н. , Яговкина М.А. , Цацульников А.Ф.
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlGaN/AlN/GaN and InAlN/AlN/GaN structures with 2D electron gas have been grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The suppression of the parasitic conductivity of buffer GaN layers was provided either by intentionally raising the density of edge dislocations or by doping with iron (GaN:Fe). It was shown that using GaN buffer layers with a better crystal perfection and more planar surface results in the electron mobility in the 2D channel for carriers becoming 1.2–1.5 times higher.
Сверхпроводящий резонатор с микромостиком из гафния при температурах 50-350 mK
Authors: Меренков А.В. , Шитов С.В. , Чичков В.И. , Ермаков А.Б. , Ким Т.М. , Устинов А.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractA high-quality superconducting resonator with a microbridge of hafnium film for use in a circuit for readout a terahertz-band imaging array with frequency division multiplexing is demonstrated experimentally. The variability of the impedance of the bridge at a frequency of 1.5 GHz, which is a key factor in the control of the quality of the resonator, is studied. The bridge, having a thickness of about 50 nm, a critical temperature T _ C ≈ 380 mK, and a plan size of 2.5 × 2.5 μm, was connected as a load of a resonator made of niobium film with a thickness of about 100 nm ( T _ C ~ 9 K). It is shown that the bridge smoothly changes its impedance proportionally to the bias power in the entire temperature range. The effective thermal insulation of the bridge was measured in a dilution cryostat at temperatures of 50–300 mK. Thermal conductivity G of the bridge was calculated and found to be ~4 × 10^–13 W/K, which gives an estimate of the sensitivity of the structure in the bolometric mode NEP ≈ 8 × 10^–19 W/Hz^1/2 at a temperature of 150 mK.
Анализатор спектра флуоресценции на основе оптоволоконного Y-циркулятора
Authors: Алгазинов Э.К. , Шульгин В.А. , Лавриненко И.А. , Сирота А.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe consider a method of probe analysis employing fiber-optic a composite Y-circulator design for the implementation of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy diagnostics. The proposed principle of the LIF analyzer is based on spatially separated directed optical beams of excitation and fluorescence radiations. Conditions of the effective Y-circulator operation as a passive fiber-optic switch are determined. Experimental investigation of the switched radiation losses is performed. An example of using the proposed analyzer for LIF diagnostics of biological media is presented.
Фотоиндуцированная обратимая локальная деформация рельефа поверхности в объемных монокристаллах TlInSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, TlGaTe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- и TlSe
Authors: Shim Y.G. , Asahi T. , Wakita K. , Мамедов Н.Т. , Алиева Е.Н. , Абдуллаев Н.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractGiant macroscopic expansion of the surface relief, localized within a laser spot size, has been observed in bulk single crystals of TlInSe_2, TlGaTe_2, and TlSe at room temperature and laser radiation densities lower by at least two orders of magnitude than the material optical damage threshold. Quantitative estimations of the deformation magnitude in this local region were obtained using an interference dilatometer. The photon absorption length was determined with the aid of spectroscopic ellipsometry. It is established that the surface deformation amounts to 2.6 × 10^–3 at a laser radiation intensity of 19 mW/mm^2. The observed phenomenon has a thermal nature and is probably related to a low thermal conductivity of the materials studied.
Servicio público de aseo en Bogotá y políticas para la población recicladora.
Authors: Barriga Chia Jairo Alberto
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo es un análisis crítico de la política pública para la inclusión de la población recicladora de oficio en el servicio de aseo de Bogotá, Colombia. Las demandas realizadas por una población en condiciones de vulnerabilidad manifiesta le dan origen a una serie de temas relacionados con el servicio público de aseo en el componente de aprovechamiento. El periodo de referencia está ubicado entre los años 2012 – 2016, en el cual se analizan las valoraciones sobre el impacto del programa Basura Cero en indicadores como la formalización de la población recicladora y la gestión de residuos.
Autogenous control of heart rate taking Deep Slow Breaths during exercise
Authors: Kageyama Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2018

We investigated whether heart rate can be controlled consciously. This study examined the effect of 20 minutes of cycling exercise while being conscious about energy conservation on the heart rate. 21 healthy college students (9 men, 12 women) participated three exercise bouts. Exercise bouts were examined under the following three conditions: (a) known condition (participants having information about the exercise duration); (b) unknown condition (participants having no information about the exercise duration) and; (c) conserving energy condition (participants having information about the exercise duration and being conscious about energy conservation). Heart rate in the unknown condition was lower than that in the known condition (p < 0.05); further, it was lower in the conserving energy condition than in the known condition　(p < 0.01). In contrast, the tidal volume of the conserving energy condition was higher than that in the known condition (p < 0.05). In addition, the respiratory rates in the unknown and conserving energy conditions were lower than that in the known condition (p < 0.01). Energy expenditure during exercise was lowest in the conserving energy condition. These results show the possibility of autogenous control of heart rate by taking deep slow breaths consciously during exercise.
Algorithm for determination of S-N curves of the structural elements subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Stojkovic Nenad , Stojic Dragoslav , Zivkovic Srdjan , Toplicic-Curcic Gordana
Published: June 2018

Fatigue life prediction of structural elements subjected to cyclic loading is
usually performed using S-N curves, obtained from the experimental data from
fatigue tests. However, in some cases the samples do not exhibit failure,
due to reaching the predetermined number of cycles, failure of a
non-relevant segment or terminating the test because of some other reason.
These samples are usually referred to as runouts, and the data obtained from
them could be used for determination of S-N curves as well. In this paper,
the algorithm based on Maximum Likelihood method is proposed for the
determination of S-N curves from experimental data that contain runouts.
Following the algorithm, a MATLAB code was written and the verification was
performed using the experimental data from the literature. The results
showed that it could be successfully used for taking into account the
runouts in the process of determination of S-N model parameters. It was
concluded that the inclusion of runouts could significantly influence the
predicted fatigue life, especially at the lower stress levels.
Rock ramp impact on the riverine hydraulic
Authors: Dobrev Yonko , Trajkovic Slavisa , Gocic Milan , Milicevic Dragan , Lissev Nikolay
Published: June 2018

The following case study is part of a wider research of the impact of rock
ramps on river environment. It aims to give a quantitative assessment of the
velocity reduction in upstream section of a rock ramp. The alteration of the
flow velocities is one of the most considerable factors for the habitat
modification. The creation of still water environment in upstream
impoundment might affect the physical properties of the habitat. Thus a
mutation of the hydrobionts diversity may occur. By means of one -
dimensional numerical model ? comparative analysis of velocity fields is
executed. Two cases are examined: before and after construction of a rock
ramp with step - pools. The model proofs a significant flow velocity
reduction in upstream section, which might have a negative environmental
impact. Another point of interests of the study is the high flow river
capacity. The flooded areas and the water level variation are evaluated at
Q50%, Q5% and Q1%. The results can be used for assessment of the structure
reliability and for analysis of both: saturation of riparian zone and
alteration of floodplain ecology.
Concreting process productivity analysis
Authors: Matejevic Biljana , Zlatanovic Milorad
Published: June 2018

During constructing of any structure, there are a large number of factors
impacting the total performance of the construction site. One of very
important factors is productivity. Because of the specific nature and
importance of concreting works, when constructing a building structure, it
is necessary to pay a special attention to execution of these works. In this
paper is analyzed the productivity in general sense, as well as productivity
in civil engineering, with a focus on productivity in the course of
concreting works. The importance of concreting works is emphasized, and the
concreting works technology is described. A review and a description of the
factors affecting the concreting process productivity are provided. A
productivity analysis is performed on the concrete construction site based
on the data obtained by recording the concreting process, and some of the
results are provided.
Sensitivity analysis of timber-concrete composite structures
Authors: Velimirovic Nikola , Stojic Dragoslav
Published: June 2018

The sensitivity analysis could be defined as a study of how the variability
of the output parameter of the considered model can be distributed to its
sources, actually, on the variability of the various input model parameters.
It helps to identify the most important design parameters of a particular
structure and to focus on them during the design and optimization process.
This paper is focused on the application of stochastic sensitivity analysis
of maximum equivalent stress and maximum mid-span deflection of
timber-concrete composite beam. All input parameters were considered to be
random variables. Latin Hypercube Sampling numerical simulation method was
employed. The estimation of the sensitivity was derived from Spearman
rank-order correlation coefficient.
The crystal structure of 14-0x0-13,14-seco-5α-cholest-13(18)-en-3β-yl acetate and the assignment of the configuration of its acetoxy derivatives
Authors: Bjelakovic Mira , Pavlovic Vladimir , Lorenc Ljubinka , Tinant Bernard , Declercq Jean-Paul
Published: June 2018

The crystal structure of 14-oxo-13,14-seco-5?-cholest-13(18)-en-3?-yl acetate
(2), obtained (in addition to the (E)-?l2-isomer 3) by oxidative
fragmentation of the C(13)-C(14) bond of 14?-hydroxy-5?-cholestan-3?-yl
acetate (1), was determined by X-ray analysis. In addition, the
configurations of the acetoxy derivatives 4-6, formed by the thermal lead
tetraacetate oxidation of 1, were deduced from the relevant 1?-NMR
parameters.
Contribution to the termodynamics of 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol in the water-nitrobenzene extraction system
Authors: Makrlik Emanuel , Vaňura Petr
Published: June 2018

General relations among thermodynamic parameters characterizing chemical
equilibria including species ?2?+, HA, H+ and A- in both phases of a
two-phase water-nitrobenzene extraction system have been derived. From the
extraction measurements, the equilibrium distribution constant of
electroneutral 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN, HA) between the
nitrobenzene and aqueous phases has been determined: log ATD(HA) =
3.90?0.02. By using this value and further known constants and applying the
mentioned relations, the following values of dissociation constants of TAN
in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been calculated for a temperature
of 25?C: pKdnb(H2A+) = -log Kdnb(H2A+) = 4.9 and pKdnb(HA) = -log
Kdnb(HA) = 16.5.
Kinetics of aflatoxin B1 and G2 adsorption on Ca-clinoptilolite
Authors: Dakovic Aleksandra , Tomasevic-Canovic Magdalena , Dondur Vera , Vujakovic Aleksandra , Radosevic Predrag
Published: June 2018

The kinetics of aflatoxins B1 and G2 adsorption on Ca-clinoptilolite at pH2
and 7, in aqueous electrolyte at 37?C were studied. For both aflatoxins,
the adsorption process begins with a fast reaction whereby most of the
toxin is adsorbed in the first few minutes. This fast process is followed by
the significantly slower process of aflatoxin bonding at active centers of
mineral adsorbent. The initial rate method showed that the fast adsorption
process of aflatoxin ?1 and G2, at both pH values is a first order
reaction, while the slow adsorption process of these aflatoxins is a zero
order reaction. The adsorption indexes and adsorption rates for both
examined toxins were pH dependent. In the investigated initial toxins
concentration ranges (500-3000 ?g/dm3), high adsorption indexes were
achieved (> 80 %).
Application of the log k pair linearity rule and proportionality rule to the RPP mobile phase scales estimation on diol-silica column
Authors: Janjic Tomislav , Vuckovic Gordana , Celap Milenko
Published: June 2018

By the application of the Log ? pair linearity rule and the Proportionality
rule to the previously published log ? values for 27 compounds, obtained on
diol-silica columns with acetonitrile, methanol and tetrahydrofuran as
modifiers, the existence of common RPP scales was established. The obtained
correlation coefficients of the linear function log k = f(RPP) were better
than 0.9900 for 26 compounds in the first, 21 in the second and 20 in the
third case. In addition, in the case of the two first modifiers a linear
correlation between the obtained RPP values and mol % of modifier in the
mobile phase was found. On the basis of this, the following simple linear
function: log k= f(mol % of modifier) was proposed as a criterion for log k
values judgment in practical work. A linear correlation was also
established between intercept and slope of the function, in spite of the
fact that the investigated compounds essentially differ in their
descriptors.
Lanthanide doped alkaline metal sulphates as candidates for EPR dosimetry
Authors: Petkovic Jelena , Mladenovic Ivana , Vukelic Nikola , Mojovic Milos , Bacic Goran
Published: June 2018

The applicability of lanthanide doped alkaline metal sulphates as a new type
of dosimeters for EPR dosimetery of ionizing radiation has been investigated
in an attempt to obtain a dosimeter with better characteristics than the
commonly used alanine dosimeter. Irradiation of samples doped with
different lanthanides (Y, Ln, Gd) showed that the best sensitivity is
obtained using dosimeters doped with Y2(S04)3. Different procedures for
manufacturing dosimeters were studied and an optimum procedure was
established. The time stability of the EPR signal of the irradiated Y2(S04)3
dosimeter was investi?gated using a 15N-PDT standard and no fading of the
EPR signal was observed over at least two weeks. The dose dependence of
alanine and Y2(S04)3 doped K3Na(S04)2 dosimeters irradiated in the range 20
Gy - 200 kGy was analysed using a combination of 1-hit and 2-hit mechanisms
of free radicals creation.
New estimates of Australia’s centenarian population
Authors: Wilson Tom , Terblanche Wilma
Published: June 2018

IntroductionThe population of Australia at the very highest ages is growing rapidly, like that of many countries. But official population estimates at these ages are of lower quality than those at younger ages, a problem shared by many countries which base their population estimates on census counts. This has implications for many uses of the data, especially rates for which the estimates provide denominators.

ObjectiveThe aims of this paper are to (1) present new population estimates of Australia’s centenarian population (those aged 100 years and above) for 1981 to 2016 which are better quality than official statistics, and (2) illustrate the utility of such estimates as rate denominators by calculating centenarian death rates.

MethodsPopulation estimates at the highest ages were prepared using a combination of the Extinct Cohort method and a modified Survivor Ratio method. The key modifications of the latter involve projecting and smoothing Survivor Ratios within an iterative set of calculations. Death rates were calculated as standard occurrence/exposure rates. Input data of deaths and official Estimated Resident Populations were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

ResultsWe show that Australia’s centenarian population grew from about 500 in 1981 to just over 3,900 by 2016, equivalent to an annual average growth rate of 5.9%. Centenarian death rates for the 1981-2016 period remained roughly steady, averaging 0.44 for females and 0.51 for males.

ConclusionsOur modified approach adds a degree of stability to the Survivor Ratio method and yields high-quality population estimates and death rates at advanced ages. It could easily be implemented by national statistical offices.
Exploring longitudinal care histories for looked after children: a sequence analysis of administrative social care data
Authors: McGrath-Lone Louise , Harron Katie , Dearden Lorraine , Gilbert Ruth
Published: June 2018

BackgroundOutcomes for children in care vary by the stability of their placements (for example, more placement changes have been associated with poorer educational attainment). Official statistics describing the stability of care histories for children in England are limited to placement changes within a 12-month period. These annual statistical ‘snapshots’ cannot capture the complexity of children’s experiences; however, as administrative data have been routinely collected since 1992, it is possible to reconstruct longitudinal care histories.

ObjectiveTo identify distinct patterns of care history by applying sequence analysis methods to longitudinal, administrative data.

MethodsWe extracted care histories from birth to age 18 for a large, representative sample of children born 1992-94 (N=16,000) from routinely-collected Children Looked After Return data. We explored the heterogeneity of  children’s care histories in terms of stability and identified sub-groups based on the number, duration and timing of placements using sequence analysis methods.

ResultsChildren’s care histories were varied with the number of placements ranging from 1 to 184 (median: 2). However, six distinct sub-groups of care history were evident including; adolescent entries (17.6%), long-term instability (13.1%) and early intervention (6.9%). Overall, most children (58.4%) had a care history that could be classified as’short-term care’ with an average of 276 days in care and 2.48 placements throughout childhood. Few children (4.0%) had a care history that could be described as ‘long-term stable care’.

ConclusionsSequence analyses of longitudinal data can refine our understanding of how out-of-home care is used as a social care intervention. Despite the policy focus on achieving long-term stability for children in care, the vast majority of children remain in care for a short period of time. Future work exploring how outcomes vary between the different sub-groups of care history could enable better evaluation of the effects of longitudinal care experiences.
Validation of the Scottish Social Care Survey using data from Renfrewshire Council.
Authors: Henderson David , Bailey Nick , McCowan Colin , Mercer Stewart
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe Social Care Survey (SCS) is collected annually by the Scottish Government (SG) from all of Scotland’s 32 local authorities. In addition to other information, it details the amount of home care delivered to all individuals in receipt of this service during a specified census week. How well this census represents care delivered throughout the year is unknown.

ObjectivesUsing complete data from one local authority area:1. Quantify the annual proportion of individuals receiving care during the census week.2. Describe differences in type and duration of care packages received during/not during the census week.

MethodsA data sharing agreement was completed with Renfrewshire council to transfer all social care data for the years 2006-2016 to a safe haven environment. A time series was created identifying how much care each individual received at weekly intervals during the study period allowing comparison of counts of individuals at any given week with total counts for financial years. Differences in packages received during/not during the census week in each financial year were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Findings41,002 packages of home care for 10,130 individuals over the age of 65 (64% female), were analysed. The proportion of people receiving care in the census week varied from 54.1% to 64.8% of the total number of individuals receiving care in a given financial year.Approximately half of packages received during the census week were of similar duration and intensity (weekly hours delivered) as packages not captured by the census. The remainder tended to be of much longer duration (>1 year) and less intensity.

ConclusionsThe SCS represents approximately 60% of individuals receiving home care in the Renfrewshire council area and a representative sample of packages of care delivered.
There And Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs
Authors: Stockton Isabel , Bergemann Annette , Brunow Stephan
Published: June 2018

BackgroundBetter estimates of workers' willingness to pay to reduce commutes can help evaluate transport policy as well as innovations in workplace organisation implemented by firms (such as telecommuting). These measures could facilitate the employment of workers with care responsibilities by reducing commuting cost.

ObjectivesWe estimate female workers' marginal willingness to pay to reduce commuting distance in Germany in a partial-equilibrium model of job search with non-wage job attributes. We consider heterogeneity by parenthood, regional structure and part-time status of workers and are moreover able to explore the role of housing cost, childcare and intra-household interactions for subsamples of the data.

Methods and DataWe use national insurance data based on a 10\% sample of the German labour force including daily information on job spells, personal and job characteristics and residential and workplace post codes between 2000 and 2013 (a customised version of the ``Integrated Employment Biographies'' provided by the Institute of Employment Research, IAB). Taking advantage of the longitudinal structure of the data, our analysis uses a stratified Cox model to take better account of unobserved individual heterogeneity than the previous literature has been able to do. We control for housing costs using additional data on rents at the county level.

FindingsWe find a substantial gender gap in marginal willingness to pay for reduced commuting distance between men and women which is not explained by individual unobserved heterogeneity. When women have their first child, their willingness to pay increases further. Preliminary results suggest that heterogeneity between urban, conurbational and rural areas in Germany plays a minor role in determining women's willingness to pay.

ConclusionsSubstantial gender and motherhood gaps in implicit commuting cost provide an important link between the household and labour market in understanding gender and job choice, with implications for gender-sensitive labour market policy.
Using Record Linkage to Examine the Impact of Poor Mental Health on Breast Screening Uptake
Authors: Ross Emma , O'Reilly Dermot
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe UK National Breast Screening Programme is estimated to reduce breast cancer mortality by 20%. To maximise the benefits of the programme, we first need to understand the underlying factors contributing to variations in screening uptake. One potentially significant factor which may contribute to these gradients in screening uptake is poor mental health.

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to examine the impact of poor mental health on breast screening uptake, and whether this explained any of the previously observed socio-demographic gradients in screening uptake.

MethodsBreast screening records were obtained from the National Breast Screening System (NBSS) and were subsequently linked to 2011 Census data within the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS). The NILS encompasses 28\% of Census data. This was then linked to psychotropic prescribing information from the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD), to produce a de-identified research dataset containing 57,328 women.

FindingsWomen with self-reported poor mental health were over 20% less likely to attend screening compared to their counterparts who didn't have poor mental health. Using psychotropic prescribing information as a proxy for the presence of mental illness yielded similar results, with those taking anxiolytics, antipsychotics or hypnotics in the three months before screening invitation significantly less likely to attend than those who were not.

ConclusionWomen with poor mental health were significantly less likely to attend breast screening. However, poor mental health did not explain any of the previously determined socio-demographic gradients in screening uptake.
Analysis of factors associated with changing general practice in the first 14 years of life in Wales using linked cohort and primary care records: implications for using primary care databanks for life-course research
Authors: Dezateux Carol , Griffiths Lucy J , De Stavola Bianca L , Akbari Ashley , Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Tingay Karen S , Cortina-Borja Mario , Bedford Helen , Lyons Ronan A
Published: June 2018

Background Databanks of primary care electronic health records (pcEHRs) are a valuable resource for life course research, however loss to follow up due to changing general practice has received little attention.

ObjectiveWe investigated factors associated with changing general practice (GP) in early life and continuity of participation in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, to which approximately 80% of Welsh practices contribute.

MethodsWe analysed linked pcEHRs for 1834 (882 girls) Millennium Cohort Study participants, resident in Wales, with consent to health record linkage. We studied time from first to next practice registration using Cox proportional hazards models, and estimated mutually-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for child, household and practice factors.

FindingsThere were 3065 Welsh GP registrations for 1834 children. By age 5 years, 25% changed practice at least once, with 1070 (58.3%), 477 (26.0%), 287 (15.7%) registered with 1, 2, or 3+ GPs respectively by age 14 years. Changing practice was related to maternal age (aHRs; 95% CI: 0.96; 0.95,0.98), living in rural areas (0.75;0.56,0.99), initial registration with a non-SAIL-practice (2.16;1.60,2.93), recent address change (1.62;1.21,2.16), and no maternal educational qualifications (1.40;1.15,1.71). Overall, 305 (16.6%) children had never registered with a SAIL practice. Of 403 children initially registered with a SAIL practice who then changed practice, 66.7% re-registered with a SAIL practice.

ConclusionsIn a nationally representative sample of Welsh children, the majority remained registered with the same practice up to age 14 years, with change in practice varying by maternal and household factors. Continuity of participation in the Welsh SAIL databank over early life is high, reflecting the high proportion of practices contributing, and the high proportion of children registered with them. Geographically contiguous primary care databanks, such as SAIL, enable a high proportion of children to be followed over time despite changing general practice.
Generation Scotland - Using Electronic Health Records for Research
Authors: Campbell Archie , Porteous David
Published: June 2018

Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) is a family-based genetic epidemiology study of ~24,000 volunteers from ~7000 families recruited across Scotland between 2006 and 2011 with the capacity for follow-up through record linkage and re-contact. Broad consent was obtained for linkage to “medical records” for 98% of the cohort.

Participants completed a questionnaire, provided samples, and underwent clinical assessment. The samples and data collected form a resource with consent for research on the genetics of health, becoming a longitudinal dataset by linkage to routine NHS hospital, maternity, lab test, prescribing, dentistry and mortality data.

Researchers can use the linked datasets to test research hypotheses on a stratified population and target recruitment to new studies. We have established and validated EHR linkage, overcoming technical and governance issues in the process. We plan to collaborate with UK Biobank, creating a combined cohort of over 50,000 people in Scotland, and using the SHARE register to obtain new research samples from routine NHS tests.

We will extend linkage to include primary care data and scanned images in the next year. The resources are available to academic and commercial researchers through a managed access process.
The prevalence of multimorbidity measured by linked healthcare data and its association with mortality in a large longitudinal cohort
Authors: Johnston Marjorie , Black Corri , Mercer Stewart , Prescott Gordon , Butler Jessica , Crilly Mike
Published: June 2018

BackgroundMultimorbidity, the co-existence of two or more health conditions, is a growing challenge. It has been measured using health service administrative data via the emerging consensus measure by Barnett (containing 40 health conditions). However,this was developed using Scottish-specific primary care coding, which restricts its application in other health systems.

ObjectivesThe aim was to create International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding algorithms for all Barnett conditions, and evaluate the new measure by assessing the prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with mortality in the AberdeenChildren of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.

MethodWe combined results of a coding literature review with codes used commonly by the Scottish National Health Service, to identify ICD codes to each condition.

Participants of the ACONF were linked to their secondary care healthcare records and mortality records. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more of the 40 conditions. The association between multimorbidity and mortalitywas assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for key covariates (age, gender, social class at birth, cognition at age 7, secondary school type and educational attainment).

FindingsThe ACONF were aged 45 to 51 years in 2001. Of 8,094 ACONF members linked to administrative data, 246 (3%) had multimorbidity. Relative to those without multimorbidity, those with multimorbidity had a mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 5.9 (95% CI 4.6-7.4) over 15 years follow-up. This was unchanged when adjusted for covariates (HR 6.2, 95% CI 4.4-8.5).

ConclusionWe have created a new version of the influential Barnett measure using ICD codes, which allows for its wider application across health systems. This measure of multimorbidity was associated with increased mortality, indicating it could helppredict poor outcome using administrative records.
Using administrative data from a national shared services database to target the delivery of homeless services in the Dublin Region
Authors: O'Donoghue Hynes Bernie , Waldron Richard , Redmond Declan , Maphosa Pathie
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPASS is a national shared services database that captures live information on service user interactions with all state funded NGO and local authority homeless services. In the Dublin region, which accommodates in excess of 70% of the nationalhomeless population, this data was mined and cleansed in order to carry out a k-mean cluster analysis.

ObjectiveThe objective was to determine the rate of movement through homeless services and the consumption of resources of different clusters cohorts and to compare these findings with other regions internationally.

MethodsFollowing extensive data preparation, the Kuhn and Culhane (1998) k-mean cluster analysis was applied in 2017 to five years of PASS data (2012-2016) and results categorised to align to their typology of homelessness.

FindingsResults for Dublin showed patterns similar to those reported in the US, Canada and Denmark, with approximately 80% of services users transitioning quickly through services. These transitional service users accounted for just over one third of total bed-nights while the remaining 20% of episodic and long-term service users accounted for almost two thirds of the bed-nights over the five years. Uniquely, the analysis also considered the patterns of engagement of people sleeping rough and results revealed similar but more extreme patterns with 86% of those rough sleeping accounting for only 28% of outreach contacts with a small number adults accounting for over 70% of all street contacts.

ConclusionThe results from the analysis of administrative data were used to inform operations so appropriate ‘Housing First’ responses were developed for those episodically or chronically experiencing homelessness and engaged in sleeping rough.
A Regional Collaboration of Health (ARCH): Using health survey and linked routine data to understand wellbeing.
Authors: Torabi Fatemeh , Akbari Ashley , Lyons Jane , Castagnet Mathilde , Lyons Ronan
Published: June 2018

BackgroundMonitoring social wellbeing and its relationship to health service utilisation by means of appropriate measurement tools can provide a complementary view towards service development. Welsh Health Survey (WHS) collects aspects of wellbeing while routine health data captures details around health service utilisation.

ObjectiveThe aim of this project was to evaluate the linkage ability of routine health data with survey data and establish a methodology for utilizing survey data as a measure for self-reported health outcomes.

MethodWe used WHS data from UK data archive to link self-reported wellbeing to health outcomes, a measure for personal wellbeing was developed using the personal wellbeing questions defined by Office of National Statistics (ONS), included in national surveys from 2011 onward. WHS was then linked to routine health data using SAIL Databank. We conducted regression analysis to identify potential predictors of personal wellbeing by linking primary care, hospital and emergency department datasets, to develop and provide insight into the relationship between wellbeing, multi-morbidity and health service utilisation.

FindingsWellbeing questions had similar scoring patterns across age groups which is different to most health indicators that tend to show a marked health decline with increasing age. Our findings showed that self-reported of ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’general health has the largest positive effect on wellbeing while positive viewpoint on self-health has the second largest effect.

ConclusionsCombining and harmonising data from multiple sources and linking them to information from a longitudinal cohort create useful resources for population health research. These methods are reproducible and can be utilised by other researchersand projects.
Evaluation of maternal medications and diseases recorded in Northern Ireland Maternity System (NIMATS) database compared to NI Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD): a data linkage validation study
Authors: Given Joanne , Casson Karen , Dolk Helen , Loane Maria
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThere is great potential to use routinely collected patient health records for research if the quality of data is sufficient for this purpose.

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of information on medications and maternal diseases reported by the mother and recorded in the NI Maternity System (NIMATS) database compared to electronic prescriptions issued by the General Practitioner and recorded in the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD).

MethodA cross-sectional data linkage validation study was conducted through the Honest Broker Service. The NIMATS database, EPD and NI Multiple Deprivation Measure (MDM) were linked for all births in NI with a pregnancy booking interview between 1st April 2010 and 30th June 2016. Information on medications and illnesses recorded in NIMATS were compared to prescription data recorded in EPD.

FindingsBetween April 2010 and June 2016, 139,687 pregnant women were linked to EPD and the NIMDM. In NIMATS, 94.4% (131,909) of women reported taking medications in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to 63.5% (88,693) in the EPD. The most common exposures in both databases were vitamins, folic acid and iron. Use of some medications varied by maternal age for example antibiotics were more common among younger mothers while cardiac medications were more common among older mothers. Excluding vitamins, folic acid and iron, 27.2% (14,786) of pregnancies with a medication recorded in NIMATS had a current disease recorded compared to 30.3% (20,574) of those in EPD.

ConclusionsMedication exposure rates differ depending on the data source used. NIMATS includes over-the-counter and hospital prescribed medications but may be subject to maternal recall bias. The EPD records prescribed medications but it is unknown ifthe woman took these. For both NIMATS and EPD, less than a third of pregnancies with a medication exposure have a disease recorded suggesting under recording of maternal disease in NIMATS.
Use of prescribed contraception in Northern Ireland 2010-2016
Authors: Given Joanne , Dolk Helen , Gray Ann Marie
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe risk of an unintended, potentially unwanted, pregnancy is related to whether or not a woman uses any method of contraception and which method she uses. We do not know if, or how, contraceptive use in Northern Ireland (NI) varies by age or deprivation. If, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, the younger and most disadvantaged are least likely to use contraception, or to use effective methods of contraception, they will be at increased risk of having an unintended pregnancy.

ObjectivesTo describe the use of prescribed contraceptives in NI and explore how this varies based on a woman’s age and the deprivation in the area in which she lives. As the prescriber plays a critical role in determining medication use we will also explore how the use of prescribed contraceptives varies based on characteristics of the woman’s general practice (GP) such as size of practice, urban/rural practice location and practice area deprivation.

MethodA population based cohort study, is being conducted through the Honest Broker Service, linking the GP Register to the Enhanced Prescribing database and 2017 NI Multiple Deprivation Measure for all females of reproductive age 2010-2016.

Research based on administrative data is free from recall and social desirability bias, which may be present in surveys of contraceptive use. Administrative data cannot however identify use of over-the-counter contraceptives.

FindingsThis project is still in progress and results will be available by the time of the conference. Based on the NI Statistics and Research Agency Mid-Year Population Estimates and the Business Services Organisation Pharmaceutical statistics there were an estimated 472,875 females between the ages of 12 and 49 living in NI 2010-2016 with 2,316,075 prescriptions for a contraceptive.

ConclusionsAdministrative data should be regularly analysed to understand contraceptive use patterns, and address inequalities.
Harnessing administrative data in legal epidemiology: new frontiers in the study of family law
Authors: Jay Matthew , Gilbert Ruth
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIn all decisions concerning the upbringing of a child, the child’s best interests are a primary consideration (art 3(1) UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989). The extent to which the English family justice system (FJS) promotes children’s well-being, however, is not clear due to a lack of research in this area. In particular, very little is known about educational trajectories and outcomes of looked after children and children in need.

MethodsThis poster will describe administrative data resources generated by the FJS and education sectors and will describe an on-going project examining educational outcomes in vulnerable children. We will use the national children looked after (SSDA903) and child in need returns, linked to the National Pupil Database to examine factors predicting the nature and quality of secondary schools that children in care and in need attend and whether these differ from the general population. Further, we will examine, given the schools that children attend, how secondary school outcomes (absences, exclusions and exam results) vary among different groups of children.

ConclusionThis project will demonstrate how we can use linked administrative data to evaluate the operation of law and, importantly, substantive outcomes for the children whom it affects. Such studies enable us to monitor changes in policy and practice and thereby evaluate the effectiveness of law.
How universal are universal pre-school health and developmental screens? Evidence from New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI)
Authors: Audas Richard
Published: June 2018

In New Zealand, children participate in a pre-school screen to ensure they are reaching key developmental milestones and not having significant physical, emotional or behavioural issues. This pre-school screen is called the Before School Check (B4SC) and it is intended to be implemented after the child's fourth birthday and before they enter school, after their fifth birthday.

If children fall short of key developmental milestones or have other health or behavioural issues, they may be referred to other services so that they these problems can be remediated prior to entry to primary school.

In New Zealand, B4SC participation is high, with greater than 90% of the eligible population participating each year. However, the rates of completion are lower, with many children not completing all components. We speculate that non-participation in the B4SC, is concentrated among the most vulnerable of children – those who would most likely benefit from an intervention.

In New Zealand, government collected administrative files, including the B4SC are housed in the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). We link B4SC records to a variety of data files, including health records, census and measures of residential mobility and find conventional risk factors significantly predict B4SC participation.