bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Primary Health Care Through MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: GOKDEMIR Ozden , BHATTACHARYA Sudip , BAKOLA Maria , KÜÇÜKERDEM Halime Seda , BOJAJ Gazmend , HOEDBECKE Kyle , JELASTOPULU Eleni
Published: September 2023

Objective: After the increased number of COVID-19-positive patients, a plateau phase and a decrease in the numbers were expected, followed by a second phase which could lead to an increased health system workload. The importance of training well-educated and qualified healthcare professionals (HPs) has been reconsidered. The rapid spread of the epidemic revealed the limitations of traditional method education. Massive online courses (MOOCs) were offered as a solution to keep the information up-to-date and accessible. The aim of our study was to evaluate the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals on strengthening the health system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional multi-centered study, an online survey was applied to HPs between February-May 2021. There were 28 participating countries. Due to international participation, the survey was conducted in English. Results: There were 88 female and 87 male participants. Most of the participants were from Europe and Euroasia. Most of them reported their income as $501-$1500 US Dollars). The duration of job experience was between 5-15 years. 111 of them have completed a postdoctoral degree. Conclusion: According to the survey, all the groups reported as the effect of strengthening primary care by MOOC was positive.
Small Business Owners` Perception City Councils` Role in Small Businesses Creation in Their Municipalities. Case of Kumba City Council
Authors: Negou Ernest , Asongna Njinyi Sheila , Marcellus Nkenganyi Fonkem , Ibrahima Ibrahima
Published: September 2023

The study seeks to evaluate the perception of the role of City Councils in the creation of small businesses. Using a descriptive research design, 150 questionnaires were administered to these owners by convenience. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 2022 version). Results reveal that the majority of small business owners (51.3%) believe that the City Council does nothing to encourage the creation of small businesses. It was recommended that the City Council should act more as a facilitator for small businesses and encourage their creation and even their sustainability. This is because more businesses mean more revenues, and improved living standards both for the business owners and the City Council and its workers.
Evaluations of Market Orientations in Companies : contemporary methodological dilemmas and challenges
Authors: Fonfara Krzysztof
Published: September 2023

The author´s goal in writing this article was to present an overview of possible approaches to and methods for evaluating a company´s market orientation. In formulating his conclusions, the author drew upon, among other things, the findings of the International Research Group, whose research and methodological objectives include developing methods for diagnosing companies in terms of their market orientations. (fragment of text)
Sensitivity of optimal paths with respect to horizon length in a nonstationary multisector growth model
Authors: Maćkowiak Piotr
Published: September 2023

In the paper we present some results on convergence properties of optimal programs of growth in a multisector growth model context. There is no need for convexity or monotonicity of production mappings though we impose continuity in product topology on intertemporal social utility function. We show that if final stock is sustainable then sensitivity and continuity of optimal growth paths hold - both in investment and consumption. We apply our results to a simple multisector Leontief growth model with consumption and discounted utility. (original abstract)
Business planning processes in tourism family enterprises
Authors: Peters Mike
Published: September 2023

Despite the fact that business planning can stimulate growth of small or medium sized enterprises, there is still a lack of tourism research focussing on planning processes in family businesses. The following paper presents a survey on family businesses in the Austrian tourism industry and investigates their planning and strategy development behaviour. The findings demonstrate that business planning becomes a major instrument of success and growth control in tourism family business although only less than 30% of the entrepreneurs can be identified as high-professional planners. Interpretations of the results lead to several implications for the tourism industry stakeholders and tourism research. (original abstract)
European monetary integration : from the beginnings to the EMS crisis of 1992-93
Authors: Skrobisz Maciej
Published: September 2023

In the world of Bretton Woods exchange rate system, monetary policy played a secondary and subservient role, which in the case of European integration was strengthened by a predominant role of politics. Therefore, the first institutional arrangements at the beginning of the European monetary integration process served a set of practical goals. But changing global economy as well as changing politics of the European government set new goals for monetary policy coordination, which finally resulted in the origin of the European Monetary System. The EMS lasted for the next 14 years, until liberalizing financial markets and German unification led to the most severe crisis in the history of European monetary integration. As a decision concerning the pace and the path of monetary integration was an outcome of negotiations between main adversaries (Germany and France), it is crucial to look at the methodological context of the economist-monetarist discussion which set a mark on the institutional setup of the European monetary policy. (original abstract)
Beverage consumption patterns in a new market economy
Authors: Florkowski Wojciech J.
Published: September 2023

Beverage consumption reflects consumer behavior shaped by social and economic factors. Observations of beverage consumption patterns provide unique insights of interest to many decision-makers, from the marketers and distributors to public health experts. We apply count data modeling technique to data on beverage consumption frequencies and show the importance of selecting the appropriate model. The models are estimated using survey data collected from more than 2,000 households in Bulgaria. Results from nested and non-nested tests and the ability to predict zero observations suggested that the zero-inflated Poisson with heterogeneity and negative binomial models performed best. Only results of these models are discussed leading to the overall conclusion that age, employment, education and income are the core characteristics of each beverage consuming group, while gender and household characteristics such as the number of adults in the family or the presence of children together with the religion and the geographical location helped to fine tune the profile of beverage consumers. (original abstract)
The impact of electronic distribution channels on the tour operators market in Poland
Authors: Gołembski Grzegorz , Andrzejewski Maciej
Published: September 2023

On the basis of secondary analysis of data from the Polish market of e-commerce, we have made an attempt to verify a working hypothesis concerning achieving competitive advantage by tour operators who actively apply the electronic distribution channels. After having described the structure of the Polish tour operator market, we carried out research of tourism services sale on the market of e-commerce. We marked out the distribution channels B2B that streamline cooperation between tour operators and agents, as well as between providers and agents -that is an effect of diminishing barriers of entering for new companies. We also distinguished the distribution channels B2C providers (being a result of an increase of their bargaining power) as well as tour operators (through their own reservation website, e-shops or other forms of advanced technology application). Moreover, we emphasised the role of e-commerce in achieving competitive advantage by diversification of an offer or through a better market segmentation. (original abstract)
Customers' loyalty profiles
Authors: Bartosik-Purgat Małgorzata
Published: September 2023

Brand consumer loyalty is one of the most important issue in the area of consumer behaviour. Companies conduct many researches to find out the needs and preferences of potential buyers because satisfied and happy consumers usually come back and buy products of the same companies or brands. This is only one aspect of consumer loyalty, another one is telling other consumers about the product and brand and encouraging them to buy the product of a particular brand. The article presents results of empirical researches conducted among Polish consumers about their brand loyalty. These results help to construct the loyalty profile of a Polish consumer. (original abstract)
The role of science and technology parks in increasing the competitiveness of small and medium sized companies
Authors: Marciniec Berenika M.
Published: September 2023

An increase in competitiveness of an enterprise often results from implementing a new technological solution. If a company wants to remain competitive, it needs to launch new or improved products or services on a continuous basis and to adopt new technologies or procedures which provide more efficient production methods or working practices. The places for developing new technologies in the whole world are science parks. In highly developed countries, these institutions have managed to obtain a stable position in the science technology-economy chain. This paper gives an idea about the role of science and technology parks in modern, knowledge-based economies and such parks' influence on increasing the competitiveness and innovativeness of small and medium sized companies. (original abstract)
Alternative bargaining solutions in asymmetric tariff rates negotiations
Authors: Kalinowski Sławomir
Published: September 2023

The article was dedicated to the application of cooperative games tools to the particular bargaining problem. The bargaining is about tariffrates between two countries. Analysis was performed on the framework of simple market model with perfect competition within countries and bilateral monopoly relation between them. There were two bargaining schemes applied in order to calculate cooperative solutions. First was Nash bargaining solution, the second was Kalai and Smorodinsky proposition. Both methods successfully indicated cooperative solutions. Application of chosen bargaining schemes brought the conclusion that outcome of the indications of cooperative solutions strongly depends on the nature of explored economic model. The examination of influence parameters' changes proved that worsening the situation of the subject led to the decrease of its benefit in every case. In one case it also caused the decrease of benefit of the other party. (original abstract)
Domestic labour, foreign capital and welfare
Authors: Broll Udo , Hansen-Averlant Sabine , Marjit Sugata
Published: September 2023

A competitive allocation of labour across different sectors of a small open economy may not be socially optimal when one sector uses foreign specific capital. We argue that a suitably designed economic policy is required to maximize national welfare of the host country. In particular such a policy design has to take into account repatriation of factor income by multinational firms. (original abstract)
The impact of meaningfulness and attractiveness of products' attributes on consumers' preferences
Authors: Wanat Tomasz
Published: September 2023

Consumer judgment is often based on incomplete or limited knowledge of the relevant attributes. To recognize the impact of meaningless attributes a study was conducted. Results of the study show that ambiguous information can be taken into consideration in the decision making process. The willingness to use meaningless information is to a higher degree determined by perceived attractiveness rather than by the level of comprehension. Among the three types of meaningless attributes' information (numerical, descriptive and name) the one called "name" was characterized by the highest level of attractiveness and the lowest level of comprehension. The opposite effect was observed with numerical information which was considered as the least attractive but the most comprehensive. (original abstract)
Gazprom - threat to Europe?
Authors: Czarny Elżbieta , Menkes Jerzy , Toporowski Patryk
Published: September 2023

The dominant part of production and dispatch of natural gas goes through Gazprom, a company controlled by the state authorities of Russia. We analyze the threats resulting from the strengthening economic and political position of Gazprom. We analyze the most important symptoms of Gazprom's increasing market power (international price discrimination, elimination of competitors, overtaking companies on the related markets) making it a natural monopolist on the Europe an market of natural gas and its dispatch. We analyze Gazprom's ownership structure demonstrating increasing interdependence between the firm and Russia. We discuss potential scenarios of using Gazprom's supplies of gas as a weapon against European countries. (original abstract)
A typology of company behaviour in the internationalisation process (a network approach)
Authors: Fonfara Krzysztof
Published: September 2023

The aim of the paper is to propose a typology of company behaviour in the internationalisation process and to verify it empirically in the context of the company's success. On the basis of the established characteristics, a number of options of company model behaviour were distinguished. These were subsequently subjected to an initial evaluation on the basis of experts' opinions. This resulted in the identification and selection of four possible types of company behaviour in the internationalisation process. A mail survey was conducted in which a sample of 2,000 firms engaged in international operations and based in Poland was randomly selected on the basis of a database from Kompass Poland. The response rate was 14%. The paper, which contains a number of observations made on the basis of empirical results, aims at explaining the nature of relations between a specific type of company behaviour in the internationalisation process and the company's performance. (original abstract)
Multiple principal-agent problems in securitisation
Authors: Lui Alison
Published: September 2023

Every crisis presents opportunities. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 provides a valuable opportunity to study the corporate governance and regulatory aspects of the banking sector, a hinge point in the development of corporate governance in banks. There is a tremendous amount of academic literature on corporate governance of corporations generally, but not of banks. Banks share many characteristics in common with other corporations but differ in respect of the social costs involved. Banks play a fundamental role in a country's economy and problems within the banking sector will have an impact on the wider community. The author argues that corporate governance played an important contributing factor to the financial crisis. In particular, the financial crisis has highlighted multiple principal-agent problems within the 'originate-to-distribute' model of banking. Multiple principal-agent problems are the direct consequence of financial innovation and regulatory dialectic. The 'originate-to-distribute' model relies on securitisation. Academic literature has revealed that securitisation is opaque and complex (Buiter, 2007; Berndt and Gupta, 2008; Fender and Mitchell 2009a). Little research however, has been conducted into why securitisation is opaque and complex from a principal-agent angle. This paper thus provides a new perspective to the literature on principal-agent theory and banking corporate governance. (original abstract)
Does foreign direct investment theory explain subsidiary performance? : a critical literature review
Authors: Trąpczyński Piotr
Published: September 2023

Theoretical models explaining foreign direct investment (FDI) have sought to address the "why" and "how" of the international expansion of firms. However, while it has been argued that performance is central to international business research, this is not entirely reflected by extant theory. This paper aims to critically analyse references that FDI theories make in regards to foreign subsidiary performance. An analytical framework is proposed and subsequently applied to evaluate extant empirical findings. Discussion points to the highly fragmentary character of FDI theories and the heterogeneity of empirical results, as well as an inadequate inclusion of FDI motives. The paper ends up with several recommendations for future empirical studies. (original abstract)
Sovereign debt crises and pension reforms in selected European countries
Authors: Hinrichs Karl
Published: September 2023

The "Great Recession" and sovereign debt crises in several EU countries in the wake of the 2008 financial market crisis have triggered drastic reforms in old-age security systems. Almost exclusively, the reforms meant retrenchments with often severe and immediate consequences for the living conditions of present and future pensioners. This paper deals with the contents and circumstances facilitating or enforcing the reforms in nine EU countries: Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the UK. Cross-national comparison reveals similarities and differences and also sheds light on the social consequences that are already visible today. (original abstract)
Dynamic model of optimized supply for organizational units of armed forces (at decentralized procurement)
Authors: Sysoiev Volodymyr V.
Published: September 2023

Efficient activity of organizational units in armed forces is impossible without comprehensive and continuous logistics. The key role in the arrangement of logistics is played by supply processes: ordering, purchase, delivery, and storage of material and technical resources (goods). The Complexity and multiplicity of implementing the logistics process assume the use of economic-mathematical modeling, as an efficient tool for supporting decisions, which ensures the selection of the most favorable supply options. This paper provides a dynamic model of optimized supply (at decentralized procurement of material and technical resources), which describes the possible options of arranging the logistics of organizational units of the armed forces. The criterion of global optimization is represented by a normalized performance indicator characterizing the level of provision of organizational units with material and technical resources. The proposed economic-mathematical model is an efficient tool for supporting decisions taken by logistics-management divisions of organizational units of armed forces - at multiple options of implementing the logistic processes and limited financial resources, which allows optimizing the level of provision of organizational units with required material and technical resources (for the entire planning period of supply, regarding change of needs, scope of funds allocated for logistics and logistic costs accompanying the supply process). (original abstract)
Fundamentals of tourism : What makes a person a potential tourist and a region a potential tourism destination?
Authors: Lohmann Martin , Beer Henrike
Published: September 2023

The paper introduces a conceptual structural model to describe which central factors determine whether and where tourism takes place. It refers to five factors that are considered to be a prerequisite for tourism: assets, amenities (or facilities) and accessibility on the side of a potential destination, and ability and motivation to travel on the demand side. Empirical evidence is presented based on large sample population surveys in Germany of the strong influence of these five factors. Whether a person becomes a potential tourist or not depends strongly on ability and on the motivational intensity. In addition, the perception of assets, amenities, and accessibility (rated for 10 regions/countries) is essential for the selection of regions considered for the initial consideration set Both findings support the structure and links used in the conceptual model. They thus emphasize the importance of these basic factors as fundamentals of tourism. The model is helpful in providing a basic understanding of the tourism system. Consequently, when whatever crisis may affect tourism in a source market or a destination, these basic factors should be considered. (original abstract)
Transaction cost theory - explaining entry mode choices
Authors: Mroczek Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

Foreign entry mode is one of the most crucial decisions companies have to make while determining their internationalisation strategy. In this study we attempt to review the determinism of these decisions by examining some concepts applied. Special consideration is given to transaction cost theory which is known to be the most frequently used tool in this field. The aim of this paper is therefore to revise and answer Shaver's [2013] recent question, whether we still need more entry mode studies and if yes, what exactly should be studied?(original abstract)
Two decades of the balanced scorecard : a review of developments
Authors: Coe Nicholas , Letza Steve
Published: September 2023

Having recently celebrated its 20th birthday since its inception in 1992, the Balanced Scorecard has come a long way from its humble beginnings as a simple performance measurement tool. Over this period it has undergone a number of developments regarding its design and implementation. Kaplan & Norton, the originators of the balanced scorecard, have continued to build on their initial work, while stimulating numerous academics and practitioners to comment and adapt on their original findings. The scorecard has now grown into an effective management tool that directs strategy throughout many organisations globally.(original abstract)
A mega review of cultural studies : linking leadership to corporate governance
Authors: Evans Gary Llewellyn
Published: September 2023

This paper take us through the history of culture research with five top researchers in the field and how their culture theories are structured and the debate that has occurred on the application of cultural dimensions. This paper takes the unique perspective of corporate boards and considerations required in the application of cultural dimensions within the boardroom. Research of board culture is only starting to occur and to be effective we need to consider the history of cultural research and how we can apply this knowledge to the board environment going forward. As we enter 2014 the search is on by both academics and practitioners on how to better understand the role of culture within our corporate boards. (original abstract)
Diversification of risk of a fundamental portfolio based on semi-variance
Authors: Rutkowska-Ziarko Anna , Garsztka Przemysław
Published: September 2023

The following considerations are based on the concept of the fundamental portfolio as was proposed by [Tarczyński 1995]. In addition, in this article semi-variance, as an alternative to variance, was used as a measure of risk. The paper aims to propose and present empirical verification of the iterative algorithm for risk diversification in a fundamental portfolio with minimum semi-variance. The calculations were made assuming that we had a starting portfolio and that it could be modified to achieve the optimal solution under the established conditions The same calculations were performed for several starting portfolios.(original abstract)
Socialization as a power discourse: conceptualizing the Eastern enlargement of Western international institutions
Authors: Krasnodębska Maria
Published: September 2023

International relations literature of the last decade has characterised the post-Cold War order in Europe as the dissemination of Western norms and institutions eastward. In this process, Western international institutions, in particular NATO and the EU, have been regarded as socialisers and educators who transform former Soviet bloc states into Western-style liberal democracies through 'teaching and persuasion'. This paper analyses the implications of the socialisation model as a discourse on the relations between NATO, the EU and former Soviet bloc states. It argues that, even a decade after many of these states have 'joined the West'as NATO and EU members, the socialisation narrative has perpetuated a distinction between the 'West'as an epistemological-civilisational concept and Central and Eastern Europe as a complementary 'other'. The distinction between socialisers and the socialisees as passive receptors of Western norms has been codified as a 'West vs East'narrative in the literature and public discourse. This paper argues that the preoccupation with a one-way direction of influence in IR literature has not only maintained a false dichotomy, but also overlooked Eastern European agency and the role of these new member states in shaping the Western institutions.(original abstract)
EU 10 years after its biggest enlargement: Europe's identity crisis. Looking in the black box of European cultural and political identities
Authors: Pellerin-Carlin Thomas
Published: September 2023

One of the biggest challenges faced by the European Union (EU) is also one of the most ignored by academics. This paper argues that a Western-European culture exists. It has been shaped by a millennium of Catholic influence which fostered the distinction between politics & religion. It is therefore distinct from an Eastern-European culture mostly shaped by the influence of the Orthodox Church. Such Western-European culture gives enough cultural unity to allow the EU to become a more politically integrated Union. Cultural unity is however not enough to create a political union. There is also the need for political identity. Such political identity already exists but is rarely made explicit contrary to what the official wisdom says, what is now the current EU was rather built as a project of non-domination than as a project of peace per se. Enlargements undermined both identities. Firstly the EEC enlarged to a united-kingdom that shares this Western-European cultural identity, but not a political identity. Later Eastern-European countries like Bulgaria joined, undermining the pre-existing cultural identity. (original abstract)
Fibromyalgia syndrome in mothers of children with cerebral palsy and its relationship with caregiver burden: a cross-sectional study
Authors: AYKURT KARLIBEL İlknur , KASAPOĞLU AKSOY Meliha , YENİ Merve
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a stress-related disease. The birth of a child with cerebral palsy (CP) is an important stress factor for the mother. This study aims to investigate the incidence of FMS in mothers of children with CP by comparing it with the control group and determining the factors affecting the severity of FMS.
Methods: The study included 112 children with CP (age: 38-216 months), their caregiver mother (age: 23-50 years) (Group 1) and 52 non-disabled children (age: 40-180 months), their caregiver mothers (age: 27-50 years) (Group 2). Children were evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the functional independence scale for children (WeeFIM). The mothers were evaluated according to the 2010 ACR FMS diagnostic criteria. The FMS Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) were applied.
Results: In Group 1, mothers had higher anxiety-depression scores and caregiving burden than Group 2 (p < 0.05). FMS rate was %31.3 in Group 1 and %5.7 in Group 2. Mothers' anxiety-depression scores, widespread pain index, symptom severity score, pain, and caregiver burden were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Factors affecting the severity of FMS are the number of siblings of children with CP, the number of siblings with CP, GMFCS, dependence level, anxiety-depression levels of mothers, and caregiver burden. The most influential factor is the caregiver burden.
Conclusions: Long-term heavy caregiver burden in mothers of children with CP may be effective in developing FMS.
Study of the characteristics of error detection with Hamming codes, the consideration of which is appropriate for the synthesis of automatic devices with fault detection
Authors: Efanov Dmitriy , Zueva Marina , Pashukov Artem
Published: September 2023

The peculiarities of using Hamming codes in the synthesis of automatic devices with fault detection are investigated. Such devices imply the organization of embedded control schemes to detect occurring faults indirectly based on the results of calculating the values of operational functions. Various methods can be used by the implementation of embedded control schemes. In this study, the focus is shifted to the issues of synthesizing embedded control schemes using the method of logical signal correction (the method of logical complementation). This method involves transforming all or part of the signals coming from the diagnostic object in the embedded control scheme in such a way that the code word generated after the signal correction block belongs to a preselected block uniform code. The study considers the application of classical Hamming codes for these purposes. The use of the method of logical signal correction allows obtaining the values of the informational symbols of the code words of the Hamming code directly as values at the operational outputs of the diagnostic object, while the check symbols are obtained by correcting signals from some of the operational outputs. However, it is also possible to use transformations of operational function values to obtain informational symbols, which expands the number of ways to organize the embedded control scheme. The article presents previously unknown absolute and relative error detection metrics in the code words of the Hamming code, taking into account their categorization based on types (according to the number of distortions in zero and one bits) and multiplicities. The experimental results with test combinational circuits confirm the effectiveness of using the method of logical signal correction with computation control using Hamming codes for synthesizing embedded control schemes. The results obtained in this study extend the theory of synthesis for self-checking digital devices and computational systems and can be practically applied in improving the methods for synthesizing automatic devices with fault detection.
Analysis of the State Automation and Remote Control Systems Infrastructure in the Murmansk Region of the Oktyabrskaya Railway
Authors: Kushpil Igor , Moiseev Vladimir
Published: September 2023

Given the prospects for the future development of interstate transportation in the Northwest region and the positive experience of operating the St. Petersburg — Helsinki line, the article conducts an analysis of the state automation and remote control systems on the main cross-border railway routes of the Oktyabrskaya Railway. The conducted analysis revealed that there are two most promising cross-border railway sections with direct access to the main railway line and the ports of the Barents and White Seas. From the Finnish side: the section from Alakurtti station to Ruchii Karelskiye station, which can potentially be extended to the nearest Finnish station, Salla (approximately 70–75 km). From the Norwegian side: the section from Nickel-Murmansk station to Kola station, with plans to extend it to the Norwegian station, Kirkenes (approximately 50–60 km). On these sections, there is a need for the modernization automation and remote control systems. Additionally, the article proposes a technical solution for the modernization of these systems, with simultaneous reduction in operational costs for their maintenance. The essence of the solution lies in the utilization of a microprocessor interlocking system with a distributed control architecture, the principles of coordinate train traffic management, and the application of minimally-manned maintenance technologies for automation and remote control systems devices.
The radical pair mechanism of biological effects on hypomagnetic fields and one method to verify it
Authors: Ouyang Jin-hua
Published: September 2023

The biological effects due to a hypomagnetic field (HMF) is a very important subject not only for aerospace traveling and space station living but also for some magnetic shielding conditions on the ground just like the underground bunkers and etc. However, to my knowledge, the mechanisms which can be related to the biological effects of a HMF remain unclear. In this study, I firstly summary one radical pair mechanism of biological effects on a HMF based on present researches, and then propose how to prove the radical pair mechanism’s truth in biological effects on a HMF through experiments. In the way of how to prove the radical pair mechanism’s truth I give the relation between the singlet yield of the radical pair and the angle describing the orientation of a HMF to the basis of the hyperfine tensor related to the electron spin and the nuclei spin is the possible one radical pair mechanism on one hand, and give the crucial method which is through that angle changed causes the biological effects in vivo or vitro to prove or disprove the mechanism on the other hand, because the biological effects of a HMF can be related with that angle, which is very easy to be controlled in experiments.
Indonesian Community Risk Perception of COVID-19 in 2022
Authors: Tejamaya Mila , Putri Amelia Anggarawati , Nugroho Sapto Budi , Safhira Ira
Published: September 2023

Introduction: In line with the increasing number of COVID-19 cases from July to early August 2022, this paper aimed to analyze the perception of COVID-19 among Indonesians. Methods: A cross-sectional online study on COVID-19 risk perception was conducted in the first week of July 2022. A questionnaire adapted from ECOM (Effective Communication in Outbreak Management for Europe) was distributed online through social media to obtain information about the respondents’ knowledge, behavior, and risk perceptions on COVID-19. Results: There were 775 respondents. Most of them were female (61.3%), lived in the eight most targeted areas (84.1%), were unmarried (52.5%), held a bachelor’s degree (38.5%), and were Muslims (80.8%). The percentages of respondents who had been infected with COVID-19 were (43.8%). Most participants believed that their knowledge level of the disease was average and above average (>91%). Of the respondents, 83.6% perceived the seriousness of COVID-19 as serious and very serious. However, the anxiety level among these respondents was moderate (slightly and quite anxious). This indicates that even though most respondents still see COVID-19 as a serious disease, their level of fear is decreasing. Compared to a previous study, most respondents in the current study were more confident of their ability to control the risks associated with the transmission of the virus. Nevertheless, they still believe that outdoor activity and not using a face mask can significantly increase the probability of getting infected. Conclusion: The risk perception of COVID-19 in Indonesian community among our study population was appropriate.
Eating Habit as Lifestyle Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Coal Mining Workers
Authors: Nisa Mufatihatul Aziza , Setyaningrum Ratna , Fitria Fitria
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Previous study was carried out in a company, obtaining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome cases by 21.58% with non-communicable diseases as the indicator. The cause of the metabolic syndrome is critical to understand in order to reduce the impact of acute non-communicable diseases. Excessive food consumption and low physical activity in office workers and coal mining workers are two risk factors that contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, current research was conducted aiming to identify the lifestyle aspects related to metabolic syndrome in coal mining companies in South Kalimantan. Methods: This study was carried out through analytical observational cross-sectional research. In this case, the data were collected using questionnaires. Exercise routines, cigarette smoking, and meal frequency were the research factors. In South Kalimantan, there are up to 70 employees of mining company, and 22 people of them were selected as the research subjects through purposive random sampling and inclusion criteria. Results: The indicators of metabolic syndrome in most of the respondents showed normal state. However, a small number of respondents were at risk of having the indicators of metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, based on the statistical analysis, there is a lifestyle factor that correlates with the frequency of eating coconut milk-based chicken curry (1-2 times/week) with metabolic syndrome (p=0.045). Conclusion: Types of food cooked using coconut milk can trigger a person to have a risk of experiencing one or several of the metabolic syndrome indicators. Things that can be done to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with the frequency of habit of eating high-fat animal side dishes, including reducing the frequency of such food at night.
Relationship of Compliance of Personal Protective Equipment Usage and Housekeeping with Near Miss in Nurses
Authors: Oktavera Angela Tesalonika , Wardaya Innaha Ilma
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The hospital is one of workplaces that has a high risk of hazard that can cause near miss. Nurses are people who play an essential role in the medical service environment. Near miss are more common than work accidents and have become a critical point for preventing workplace accidents. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between compliance of PPE usage and housekeeping with near miss in nurses. Methods: This study used a descriptive observational design which was designed in a cross sectional way. Respondents were 53 nurses. The research data presented in the form of frequency distribution, cross tabulation, and correlation analysis. The study's independent variable is compliance of PPE usage and housekeeping, and the dependent variable is near miss. The method of data collecting in this research using a questionnaire for compliance of PPE usage, housekeeping, and near miss. Results: The relationship between housekeeping (rs =-0.259) with near miss among nurses is weak because near miss are primarily due to human error or unsafe behaviour, and housekeeping is a working condition factor that contributes little to the causes of near miss. Medium category correlation between compliance with PPE use (rs = -0.455) with near miss because nurses have an obligation to provide safe nursing actions and protect themselves from potential hazards by using PPE. Conclusion: Compliance of PPE usage and housekeeping that contribute to near miss.
Qualitative Study of the Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Culture on Employee Performance PT Bahana Prima Nusantara
Authors: Kasi Jesica Chriscalty , Birana Febrianti Dharma , Alim Andi
Published: September 2023

Introduction: This study aims to examine the impact of implementing the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) culture on employee performance, focusing on knowledge, workload, and work environment aspects at PT Bahana Prima Nusantara. Method: This study uses a qualitative method that seeks to examine the implementation of OSH culture to employee performance. This research was conducted in natural situations so that there were no limitations in understanding the research being studied. The number of informants is 5 people. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and documentation. Result: Workers know about all the risks that may occur, but in the absence of sanctions from the company, workers do not adhere to the OSH culture. The workload in this company greatly affects the performance of its employees because they feel uncomfortable if they have to apply the OSH culture. Several workers are placed not according to their abilities. Meanwhile, the work environment at this location also greatly influences the performance of employees, because most of the workers are natives, so supervisors feel reluctant to reprimand workers if they do not apply the OSH culture. Conclusion: Based on the findings, workers are aware of the risks but feel uncomfortable applying the OSH culture. Therefore, it is recommended that the company implement stricter rules and issue warnings or sanctions for non-compliance. Additionally, conducting regular OSH training and safety talks can enhance employee adherence to the OSH culture.
Determining mental health and related factors among informal workers in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Chantra Niranyakarn , Klinkwan Phassakorn , Luksamijarulkul Saovalug , Luenam Amonrat , Yubonpunt Pataraporn
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The informal workers in Bangkok have low income, high expenses, and inequity in health coverage, especially in Bangkok metropolitan area. Moreover, the urban lifestyle was severer than in rural area. However, their mental heaths were not directly determined.  Therefore, the objective of this study was aimed to determine the relationship among mental health and related factors including demographic data, health behaviors, and coping responses.  Methods: The research areas in Bangkok metropolitan area were included voluntarily which were Ladkrabang, Prawet, and Prapradang districts and the subjects were recruited from conventional sampling. They were interviewed by questionnaire. Results: The subjects were 94 male and 76 female informal workers. Most of them finished primary school and an average income was 9,019.68 bahts per month. The happiness score was 31.56 (S.D.=5.06). The mental state was 11.1(S.D.=3.04), mental capacity was 6.25 (S.D.=1.49), mental quality was 6.92(S.D.=1.31) and family support was 7.28 (S.D.=1.41). Conclusion: The happiness and work-family balance were in medium; the others were in high level. The work-family balance, medium work demands, financial status and occupations are the potential factors that affected to mental health status of the informal workers.  Discussion: The mental capacity and the work-family balance need to be improved for increasing their mental health status. Hence, the working schedule should be arranged and the monitoring of mental health status should be monitored in further study.
Assessment of Occupational Heat Stress in A Selected Indonesian Steel Mill
Authors: Ridwan Fauzan Huwaidi , Anua Siti Marwanis , Aji Bayu Suryo , Nurdin Ris , Rizky Muhammad Hidayat , Tejamaya Mila
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Workers in the Indonesian steel manufacturing industry are subject to many heat stress risk factors, ranging from the equatorial climate to physically demanding work tasks which may result in heat- related illnesses and reduced worker productivity. Hence, a study was conducted at Steel Mill X to assess the level of heat stress among its workers, determine the association of related factors and to provide meaningful recommendations. Methods: This study uses a descriptive cross-sectional method to assess workers’ heat risk level and its association with individual, occupational and heat stress symptoms. An online questionnaire was used to collect primary data yet WBGT monitoring data were provided by Steel Mill X as secondary data. Results: The heat stress risk level score ranged from 48 to 140 (M=89.8, SD=±31.0). 122 workers were in the very high-risk category (75.8%). Occupational factors which had a statistically significant association with heat stress risk category includes: work area, length of exposure, air movement, hot surfaces, confined space, clothing factors and WBGT; while heat stress-related symptoms which were associated include headache, fatigue, profuse sweating, extreme thirst and increased body temperature. The absence of significant association between individual factors and heat stress risk category eliminates it as a confounding factor, suggesting occupational factors was the main variable. Conclusion: Control measures such as improving the supply of drinking water and maintenance of cooling systems should be implemented as soon as possible to prevent heat stress among workers.
Contradictions and Conflicts in the Multilateral Trading System
Authors: Zagashvili V.
Published: September 2023

Although the Doha Round is prominent for its Development Agenda that pays special attention to the needs of developing countries, it is the contradictions between this group of countries and the developed ones that brought the multilateral negotiations to the deadlock. The stagnation of the Doha Round made protectionism an easy choice for too many. Protectionist response to external shocks becomes especially damaging to the multilateral trading system when WTO basic rules are ignored, which is just the case of the US trade policy. A really hard issue was posed in front of the WTO by Washington with the suspension of the work of the Appellate Body and subsequent paralysis of the Dispute Settlement, one of the pillars of the multilateral trading system. The significance of this case goes beyond the multilateral trading system because the experience of the WTO in this field is extremely important for the emerging system of global governance. Since the creation of the WTO the world economy has undergone great changes and major challenges arose that are still to be attended by the multilateral trading system. Moreover, some existing WTO provisions are to be clarified in order to eliminate uncertainty and double interpretation that allow countries to resort to discriminatory practices with impunity. The resumption of the full operation of the multilateral trading system is hardly possible without a review of the decision-making procedure based now on the consensus and single undertaking rules. Changing the decision-making process is a fundamental problem in the multilateral trading system. Plurilateral agreements do not eliminate it but allow the countries concerned to meet challenges that are most important to them. The resolution the 12th ministerial conference is critically important: it sets to summarize proposals for reforming the WTO and prepare a draft decision on their basis by the next conference which is scheduled for February 2024. Taking into account that the divergence of national economic interests will persist indefinitely long, it can be assumed that the process of reforming the WTO will encounter considerable difficulties and will also take long period of time. Overcoming the stagnation of the multilateral trading system will remove an important obstacle that prevents the globalization from entering its next, integration stage, distinctive for the formation of the global governance system. The WTO is not the only, although very important, element of this system, the further development of which will require a close interaction between the main international organizations.