bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding a Protostar with 10 000 au Scale Streamers
Authors: Pineda Jaime E. , Segura-Cox Dominique , Caselli Paola , Cunningham Nichol , Zhao Bo , Schmiedeke Anika , Maureira Maria José , Neri Roberto
Published: September 2022

Dense cores are the places where stars are formed within the supersonic Molecular Clouds. These dense regions (n ∼ 105 cc) are cold (T ∼10 K) and display subsonic levels of turbulence (Mach ∼ 0.5), and represent the initial conditions for both star and disk formation. However, the influence of the parental core properties on the disk formation process is still not well constrained, and it is therefore crucial to study dense cores with interferometers to better understand the dense core and disk connection. We present NOEMA observations of a Class 0 object, which has been suggested to present a disk under gravitational instability (GI) (asymmetrical features in ALMA high resolution dust continuum emission). Our new data reveal a previously unseen large scale (∼10,000 au, or 33′′) streamer of fresh gas from the surrounding dense core down to the disk scales. This streamer is almost perpendicular to the outflow, and it contains material with subsonic levels of turbulence, and therefore unperturbed by the outflow. Based on the total mass in the streamer and the free-fall timescale, we estimate infall rates to the disk scales, which clearly show that accretion via streamer can have an important role in the disk formation. Moreover, these results show that previously observed disk asymmetries could also be driven by large scale asymmetric flows instead of GI. This result shows the power and importance of studying dense cores with interferometers to provide a complete and proper picture of star and disk formation.
Interstellar complex organic molecules in the prototypical Class I protostar SVS13-A: From large scales to planet forming disks
Authors: Bianchi Eleonora
Published: September 2022

We present a chemical systematic study of the Class I object SVS13- A obtained in the framework of two IRAM Large Programs: ASAI (Astrochemical Survey At IRAM-30m) with the 30m and SOLIS (Seeds Of Life In Space) with NOEMA. Thanks to the ASAI high-sensitivity unbiased spectral survey of the 3, 2 and 1.3mm bands, we detect and analyse several emission lines from deuterated species and interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs, e.g. molecules composed by 6 or more atoms and based on carbon). Within SOLIS, we obtain high-sensitivity and high-spatial resolution (∼ 180 au) maps of crucial iCOMs. As a follow up, thanks to ALMA we explore the chemistry in the planet forming region (∼ 50 au). We image emission lines from methanol (CH3OH), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), formamide (NH2CHO) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3). The different spatial distributions suggest a chemical differentiation inside the binary system or a different continuum opacity in the two protostellar disks.
Multi-line diagnostics of the axi-symmetric wind around the MS-type AGB star RS Cancri
Authors: Winters Jan Martin , Le Bertre Thibaut , Hoai Do Thi , Wong Ka Tat , Nhung Pham Tuyet , Lesaffre Pierre , Kim Wonju , Darriulat Pierre
Published: September 2022

We present data recently obtained with NOEMA/PolyFiX on the MS-type Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star RS Cnc, allowing to characterize in detail the structure of its wind. These results became possible by the recent advances of the NOEMA observatory, which combine large spectral bandwidth with high sensitivity together with still increasing spatial resolution.
The sulphur depletion problem in molecular clouds: The H2S case
Authors: Navarro-Almaida David
Published: September 2022

Sulphur is one of the most abundant elements in the Universe and plays a crucial role in biological systems. However, sulphuretted molecules in the ISM are not as abundant as expected and there is no clear answer of where the missing Sulphur is yet. To shed light onto this open question, we focus our attention on the chemistry of H2S, thought to be an important reservoir of Sulphur and formed mainly by grain-phase reactions. To understand the formation of H2S, the growth of ices, and the chemical desorption process, we study the CO, CH3OH, N2H+, and H2S abundances towards Barnard 1b, a Sulphur-rich cloud hosting a first Larson core. We look for correlations between gas-phase abundances of H2S and CH3OH that better constrain the location of the CO snowline in dark cores. Finally, this provides additional data to benchmark models for a deeper insight on the chemical desorption process and its efficiency.
AB Aur: A Rosetta stone for planet formation theories
Authors: Rivière-Marichalar Pablo
Published: September 2022

AB Aur is a Herbig Ae star that hosts a well-known protoplanetary disk that depicts a plethora of features that can be attributed to the presence of a forming planet, such as a large inner cavity, a dust trap, and spiral arms. We present NOEMA observations of molecular species towards this transition disk around AB Aur, including CO, 13CO, C18O, HCN, HCO+, SO, H2CO, and H2S. These observations reveal complex chemistry with strong chemical differentiation and the presence of a cavity-crossing filament.
Tracing episodic accretion with NOEMA: FU Orionis-type stars and their millimeter environment
Authors: Fehér O. , Kóspál Á. , de Miera F. Cruz-Saenz , Ábrahám P. , Hogerheijde M.R. , Brinch Ch. , Semenov D.
Published: September 2022

The earliest phases of star formation are characterised by intense mass accretion from the circumstellar disk to the central star. One group of lowmass young stellar objects, FU Orionis-type stars (FUors) exhibit accretion rate peaks accompanied by bright eruptions in the optical and infrared regime. The occurance of these outbursts might solve the luminosity problem of protostars, play a key role in accumulating the final stellar mass, and have a significant effiect on the parameters of the envelope and the disk. We are performing a systematic investigation of FUors with millimeter interferometry using NOEMA and ALMA to study the outburst events and examine whether FUors represent normal young stars in exceptional times or are unusual objects. The targeted FUors show very diverse circumstellar morphologies with envelope parameters similar to those of both Class I and Class II systems, but their disks are more massive and more compact than T Tauri disks. To shed light onto the process of disk-formation, accretion, and to what role FUors play in low-mass starformation, we require the identification and light curve monitoring of as many of these stars as possible, together with the multi-wavelength and multi-scale mapping of their circumstellar environment.
The Interstellar and Circumgalactic Media at low and high redshift as traced by Atomic Carbon and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Andreani Paola , Souvaitzis Lazaros , Papadopoulos Padelis , Bisbas Thomas , De Breuck Carlos , Emonts Bjorn , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Miyamoto Yusuke , Mann Allison
Published: September 2022

A different chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM) is expected in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) gas where high-energetic particles (i.e. cosmic rays) seem to be produced in-situ by the hot X-ray gas, as it is observed in the Perseus cluster. This very different astrochemistry, where extreme gas-dust thermal decoupling is expected, and where CO can be destroyed over large massscales, is the subject of the investigation briefly reported here. We introduce an on-going project aiming at studying the properties of the CGM of two clusters at low and high redshift using their molecular gas tracers and thermal emission from dust.
Diabetische Neuropathien: Aktueller Stand zu Klinik, Diagnostik und
Therapie
Authors: Dohrn Maike F.
Published: September 2022

Patel K et al. Diabetic neuropathies. Muscle
Nerve 2021. doi: 10.1002/mus.27014

Diabetische Neuropathien sind die häufigsten Nervenerkrankungen in der
klinischen Praxis. Das Spektrum reicht von asymptomatischen Formen bis hin zu
schwerwiegenden Symptomen. Da hierbei neben dem peripheren Nervensystem auch das
Herz-Kreislauf-System und der Magen-Darm-Trakt betroffen sein können, haben
Patel und Kollegen nun eine Übersichtsarbeit zu den Subtypen, ihrer
Präsentation, Diagnosewerkzeugen und Behandlungsstrategien vorgelegt.
Spondyloenchondrodysplasia Due to Mutation in ACP5 Gene Presenting
with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Polat Recep , Özdemir Öner
Published: September 2022

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI) is a rare
autosomal recessive inherited immuno-osseous dysplasia characterized by
spondylo-metaphyseal enchondromas, along with immune dysregulation ranging from
immunodeficiency to autoimmune disorder. Here, we present two cousins with
ACP5 gene mutation who had severe short stature with mild
hypogammaglobulinemia, nephrotic syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis and cerebral
calcification (Case 1); and in the other (Case 2), there was no clinical
findings other than severe short stature, CD4+−T cell
lymphopenia and non-autoimmune compensated hypothyroidism. We wanted to
emphasize that monogenic causes should be considered in the etiology of
early-onset nephrotic syndrome due to the detection of a mutation in the
ACP5 gene (her actual diagnosis was changed to SPENCDI.) 5 years
after the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in the first case, and that the renal
involvement may occur without SLE in patients with ACP5 mutation. Severe
short stature was a common finding in both cases. We underlined that the clinic
can be different even in the same mutation, due to the absence of cerebral
calcification and renal involvement in the second case, which is a cousin with
Case 1. As a result, endocrinologists, immunologists, rheumatologists,
nephrologists and orthopedists should be aware of this syndrome, because SPENCDI
causes a pleiotropic (due to more than one phenotypic effect of a gene) clinical
picture. Severe short stature may be the only presenting sign of patients with
SPENCDI. In addition, in the presence of early-onset nephrotic syndrome and
autoimmune thyroiditis, the patient should be evaluated for this type of
monogenic disorders as well.
Sensorische Auffälligkeiten bei
Autismus-Spektrum-Störung: Validierung und Adaptation des
englischsprachigen „Sensory Perception Quotient“ (SPQ) von
Tavassoli und Kollegen
Authors: Klein Christoph , Miczuga Teresa , Röring Hannah , Kost Marie , Bast Nico , Thiemann U. , Jarczok TomaszA. , Fleischhaker C. , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Riedel Andreas , Biscaldi Monica
Published: September 2022

Zwar wurde mit dem DSM-5 wurde die Bedeutung von sensorischen
Auffälligkeiten bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (ASS) aufgewertet,
doch gibt es im deutschsprachigen Raum kaum validierte Verfahren zu ihrer
Erfassung. In dieser Studie wurde der „Sensory Perception
Questionnaire“ (SPQ) von Tavassoli et al. (2014) ins Deutsche
übersetzt und validiert. Der SPQ ist ein
Selbsteinschätzungsverfahren für Erwachsene, das perzeptuelle
Aspekte fokussiert und weniger kognitive oder motivationale Antezedenzien oder
Konsequenzen solcher Wahrnehmungsprozesse. An der Studie nahmen n=188
Probanden teil, davon n=85 Probanden mit
Autismus-Spektrum-Störung und n=103 neurotypische
Kontrollprobanden. Zudem wurden der Autismus-Spektum-Quotient (AQ) und der
Empathie-Quotient (EQ) vorgegeben, der IQ mittels des CFT20-R gemessen und die
Probanden mittels SKID-I klinisch eingeschätzt. Zudem wurden
Alternativitems generiert zur Verbesserung der semantischen und psychometrischen
Eigenschaften des SPQ. Von den 92 Originalitems des SPQ trennten insgesamt 33
Items die Gruppen signifikant und sprachlich klar im Sinne sensorischer
Hypersensitivität. Diese Items betreffen überwiegend die
Modalitäten Hören, Fühlen und Sehen. Sensorische
Hypersensitivität ging zudem mit höheren Ausprägungen im
AQ einher und nahm mit dem Alter etwas zu. Sensorische Hypersensitivität
war bei der ASS-Gruppe jedoch nicht signifikant korreliert mit dem EQ und dem
IQ. Aufgrund der item-analytischen statt dimensions-analytischen Auswahl von
Items erreichen unsere Kurzformen eine gegenüber der Übersetzung
von Tavassolis Kurzversion klar überlegene Trennung der Gruppen bei
vergleichbaren konkurrenten Validitätskriterien. Unsere SPQ-Kurzform
kann daher vorbehaltlich einer Replikation und Normierung zum Screening und zur
Ergänzung der klinischen Diagnostik eingesetzt werden.
Technische Grundlagen der Neurographie/Evozierten Potentiale
Teil II Filter
Authors: Dietrich Michael
Published: September 2022

Die meisten haben sicher schon mal an der Stereoanlage oder am Radio im Auto
Höhen und Tiefen eingestellt und gemerkt wie sich der Klang der Musik
verändert hat, zum Guten oder auch zum Schlechten. Die Höhen und
Tiefen am Radio sind nichts anderes als Filter. Um Filter und deren Funktion
soll es in diesem zweiten Teil gehen.
Einfluss von Medikamenten auf das EEG: Eine Übersicht
Authors: Heckelmann Jan , Weber Yvonne
Published: September 2022

Eine Vielzahl von Präparaten mit Einfluss auf das zentrale Nervensystem, insbesondere Medikamente, die zur Standard-Therapie auf neurologischen Intensiv- und Überwachungsstationen gehören, haben einen Einfluss auf den elektroenzephalograhischen (EEG) Befund. Diese Effekte reichen von geringen Einflüssen auf Grundrhythmus und EEG-Amplituden bis zur Auslösung von epileptiformer Aktivität und Anfallsmustern. Kenntnisse über die zu erwartenden Veränderungen sind daher relevant, um neben krankheitsassoziierten Auffälligkeiten im Rahmen der Differentialdiagnostik auch medikamentöse Ursachen bedenken zu können und etwaige therapeutische Konsequenzen einzuleiten. In dem vorliegenden Übersichtartikel werden neben Einflüssen von Analgosedierung und antikonvulsiven Medikamenten auch Effekte von Neuroleptika, Antidepressiva, Immunsuppressiva sowie Antibiotika auf das EEG diskutiert.
IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankungen
Authors: Thiele Thea , Witte Torsten
Published: September 2022

IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankungen sind fibrosierende entzündliche Systemerkrankungen, die nahezu jedes Organsystem betreffen können. Sie betreffen meistens Männer in einem Alter über 50 Jahre. Zu den Krankheitsmanifestationen zählen u. a. Autoimmunpankreatitis, Lymphadenopathien, retroperitoneale Fibrose, entzündliche Orbitopathie sowie Beteiligungen der Speichel- und Tränendrüsen. Diese können gemeinsam oder isoliert auftreten. In der Diagnostik sind eine histologische Untersuchung sowie die Bestimmung des IgG4 im Serum wichtig. Maligne und andere entzündliche Erkrankungen müssen ausgeschlossen werden. IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankungen sprechen gut auf Glukokortikosteroide an.
Das VEXAS-Syndrom
Authors: Krusche Martin , Kötter Ina
Published: September 2022

Das VEXAS-Syndrom ist eine neu identifizierte autoinflammatorische Systemerkrankung. Dabei steht das Akronym VEXAS für Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic. Zugrundeliegend für die Erkrankung ist eine somatische Mutation des UBA1-Gens. Dieses kodiert für das E1-Enzym, welches für die Ubiquitinierung von Proteinen verantwortlich ist. Aufgrund der fehlerhaften Ubiquitinierung kommt es zu einer Überregulierung von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen. Da das UBA1-Gen auf dem X-Chromosom liegt, sind von der Erkrankung fast nur Männer betroffen. Interessanterweise tritt das VEXAS-Syndrom erst in der 2. Lebenshälfte auf und die Betroffenen können eine Vielzahl von inflammatorischen klinischen Symptomen aufweisen. Insbesondere das Vorliegen von zytoplasmatischen Vakuolen im Knochenmark ist charakteristisch. Hierbei kommt es in der klinischen Ausprägung häufig zu Überlappungen aus hämatologischen, dermatologischen und rheumatologischen Krankheitsbildern. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Pathophysiologie, Klinik und Diagnostik des Erkrankungsbildes.
Paranormales Erleben und psychische Störungen
Authors: Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi , Juckel Georg
Published: September 2022

Paranormales Erleben wie Aberglaube, Wahrnehmung von Übersinnlichem und
magisches Denken begleiten die Menschheitsgeschichte bis heute in die sog.
moderne Welt hinein und spielen auch entwicklungspsychologisch eine
große Rolle. Dabei ist dieser Bereich in seiner Begrifflichkeit, in
seiner phänomenologischen Bandbreite, aber auch in seinem
Realitätsbezug in Literatur und Alltagspraxis unklar geblieben. Es wird
hier der Versuch unternommen, den Stellenwert paranormalen Erlebens auf einer
theoretischen Ebene im Sinne einer „unsicheren
Realitätserkenntnis“ zu klären, aber auch seine
Bedeutung für Diagnostik und Therapie von psychiatrischen
Zustandsbildern im Rahmen von z. B. psychotischer, dissoziativer oder
OCD-bezogener Symptomatik darzustellen.
Zusammenhang von sozialer Teilhabe, globalem Selbstwert sowie
physischer und psychischer Gesundheit in einer repräsentativen deutschen
Stichprobe
Authors: Wick Katharina , Schwarz Marcus , Schwager Susanne , Gläser Anni , Kirschner Hariet , Muehleck Julia , Werner Benedikt , Strauß Bernhard , Berger Uwe
Published: September 2022

Einleitung Soziale Teilhabe ist ein vielseitiges Konstrukt, das bereits
aus rechtlichen, ethischen, sozialpsychologischen und politischen Blickwinkeln
als wichtige Komponente der Selbst- und Fremdbewertung einer Person als
wertvolles Mitglied einer Gesellschaft betrachtet wurde. So zeigten
sozialpsychologische Studien vielfach die Bedeutung des
Zugehörigkeitsgefühls als zentrale innerpsychische Komponente
sozialer Teilhabe sowohl für den personalen als auch den sozialen
Selbstwert. Aus medizinpsychologischer Sicht ist der Zusammenhang von globalem
Selbstwert und Selbstwirksamkeit mit Gesundheit gut belegt. Offen ist jedoch, ob
soziale Teilhabe direkt mit psychischem und körperlichem Wohlbefinden in
Zusammenhang steht oder ob dieser Zusammenhang über den globalen
Selbstwert vermittelt wird.

Material und Methoden Auf der Grundlage einer deutschlandweiten
Repräsentativbefragung (N=2.531; Alter 14–93,
M=48,58; 55,4% Frauen) wurden mit standardisierten
Messinstrumenten die Variablen soziale Teilhabe (KsT-5), globaler Selbstwert
(SISE) sowie körperliche und psychische Gesundheit (EQ5D) erfasst und in
einem Mediationsmodell in Beziehung gesetzt.

Ergebnisse Es zeigten sich erwartungsgemäß signifikant
positive Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialer Teilhabe, globalem Selbstwert
sowie körperlicher und psychischer Gesundheit mit Effektstärken
im mittleren Bereich. Der globale Selbstwert mediiert den Zusammenhang zwischen
sozialer Teilhabe und Gesundheit jedoch nur partiell, das heißt, es
zeigte sich auch ein direkter signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer
Teilhabe mit Gesundheit.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die unmittelbare Relevanz
sozialer Teilhabe für die körperliche und psychische Gesundheit.
Dies eröffnet eine bislang noch kaum genutzte Perspektive für
die Gesundheitsförderung im Zusammenspiel mit gesellschaftspolitischen
Herausforderungen bei den Themen Integration, Inklusion und
Zugehörigkeitsgefühl.
Physical Characteristics of von Willebrand Factor Binding with Platelet Glycoprotein Ibɑ Mutants at Residue 233 Causing Various Biological Functions
Authors: Nakayama Masamitsu , Goto Shinichi , Goto Shinya
Published: September 2022

Glycoprotein (GP: HIS1-PRO265) Ibɑ is a receptor protein expressed on the surface of the platelet. Its N-terminus domain binds with the A1 domain (ASP1269-PRO1472) of its ligand protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and plays a unique role in platelet adhesion under blood flow conditions. Single amino acid substitutions at residue 233 from glycine (G) to alanine (A), aspartic acid (D), or valine (V) are known to cause biochemically distinct functional alterations known as equal, loss, and gain of function, respectively. However, the underlying physical characteristics of VWF binding with GPIbɑ in wild-type and the three mutants exerting different biological functions are unclear. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis: biological characteristics of macromolecules are influenced by small changes in physical parameters. The position coordinates and velocity vectors of all atoms and water molecules constructing the wild-type and the three mutants of GPIbɑ (G233A, G233D, and G233V) bound with VWF were calculated every 2 × 10−15 seconds using the CHARMM (Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics) force field for 9 × 10−10 seconds. Six salt bridges were detected for longer than 50% of the calculation period for the wild-type model generating noncovalent binding energy of −1096 ± 137.6 kcal/mol. In contrast, only four pairs of salt bridges were observed in G233D mutant with noncovalent binding energy of −865 ± 139 kcal/mol. For G233A and G233V, there were six and five pairs of salt bridges generating −929.8 ± 88.5 and −989.9 ± 94.0 kcal/mol of noncovalent binding energy, respectively. Our molecular dynamic simulation showing a lower probability of salt bridge formation with less noncovalent binding energy in VWF binding with the biologically loss of function G233D mutant of GPIbɑ as compared with wild-type, equal function, and gain of function mutant suggests that biological functions of macromolecules such as GPIbɑ are influenced by their small changes in physical characteristics.
Nucleophilic Selenocyanation from Selenium Dioxide and Malononitrile
Authors: Redon Sébastien , Vanelle Patrice
Published: September 2022

The first nucleophilic selenocyanation from selenium dioxide and malononitrile is described. This methodology produced a wide variety of selenocyanates from halides in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions, highlighting the versatility and usefulness of this new source of nucleophilic selenocyanation.
Unexpected Pyridinyl Group Mediated Metal-Free Wacker-Type Oxidation en Route to Pyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ium Salts
Authors: Zhang Yandong , Shi Dong , Zeng Tao , Lei Xin , Wu Xiaotong , Li Mansirun
Published: September 2022

A two-step approach to rapidly access a diverse array of pyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ium salts from 2-pyridinylstyrenes through an unprecedented pyridinyl group mediated metal-free Wacker-type oxidation and an acid-mediated cyclization has been developed. As a part of the mechanistic investigation of this novel Wacker-type oxidation, the abnormal instability and reactivity of the pyrido[2,1-a]isoindole intermediates were studied through DFT calculations.
Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive
Patients in Primary Care
Authors: Asbach Evelyn , Kellnar Antonia , Bekeran Margareta , Schelling Jörg , Bidlingmaier Martin , Reincke Martin
Published: September 2022

Context Primary aldosteronism (PA) represents the most frequent cause of
endocrine arterial hypertension. PA is also common in patients with mild forms
of hypertension and normokalemia.

Objective To identify the prevalence of PA in newly diagnosed hypertensive
patients in primary care in Southern Germany.

Patients and methods Newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in 27 primary
care centers in Munich agreed to participate in the study. Patients were
screened for PA using the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR). In case of elevated
ARR, confirmation testing was performed. After the diagnosis of PA, subtype
differentiation and subsequent therapy of PA were initiated.

Results A total of 235 patients with newly discovered arterial
hypertension were initially screened for PA. Among these, 35 were excluded
because the medication indicated pre-existing treated arterial hypertension or
they were on interfering antihypertensive medication. At the first screening,
2.0% of the patients had hypokalemia. Of the 200 patients with newly
discovered arterial hypertension, 42 had an elevated ARR. The incidence of the
presence of hypokalemia did not differ according to normal or pathological ARR.
Nine patients (21%) did not show up for further testing and were lost to
follow-up, and 33 patients underwent a saline infusion test. Of these, 11
patients were diagnosed with PA, leading to at least 5.5% prevalence of
PA in the collective. None of the diagnosed PA patients was hypokalemic at
screening.

Conclusion A 5.5% prevalence of PA was observed in our data of
untreated newly diagnosed patients with hypertension.
Cervical Cerclage vs. Pessary in Women with a Short Cervix on Ultrasound
Authors: Pergialiotis Vasilios , Psarris Alexandros , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Theodora Marianna , Papapanagiotou Aggeliki , Rodolakis Alexandros , Daskalakis Georgios
Published: September 2022

Purpose In the present study we sought to compare the efficacy of cervical pessary to that of cerclage in terms of reducing preterm birth rates among women with a short (<25 mm) or ultra-short (<15 and <10 mm) cervix during the ultrasonographic second-trimester assessment.

Method We retrospectively searched the hospital records for singleton pregnancies diagnosed with cervical insufficiency during the second trimester of pregnancy. The McDonald cerclage using a 5mm Mersilene tape was used in all women. An Arabin pessary was used uniformly. In all cases 80 mg of vaginal progesterone gel were administered daily until 37 weeks of gestation.

Results Overall, 294 women (124 (42.2%) with a McDonald cerclage and 170 (57.8%) with placement of an Arabin pessary) were selected for analysis. Preterm birth rates <37 weeks were similar in both groups (C: 30/122 vs. P: 35:165, p=.581) as well as PTB <34 weeks (C: 16/122 vs. 15/150, p=.278). Admission to the NICU and need for CPAP were more prevalent in the cerclage group (p<.001). Analysis of cases with a cervix <15 mm and <10 mm indicated that preterm birth rates remained equal among the groups, while an increased risk of NICU admission was seen in cases with a cervical length <10 mm that were treated with cerclage.

Discussion and Conclusion Cervical pessary may be an alternative to cervical cerclage for women with second-trimester cervical shortening and its effect may persist even among cases with an ultra-short cervix. Future randomized trials are needed to ascertain these findings.
A Qualitative Description of Clinician Free-Text Rationales Entered within Accountable Justification Interventions
Authors: Brown Tiffany , Zelch Brittany , Lee Ji Young , Doctor Jason N. , Linder Jeffrey A. , Sullivan Mark D. , Goldstein Noah J. , Rowe Theresa A. , Meeker Daniella , Knight Tara , Friedberg Mark W. , Persell Stephen D.
Published: September 2022

Background Requiring accountable justifications—visible, clinician-recorded explanations for not following a clinical decision support (CDS) alert—has been used to steer clinicians away from potentially guideline-discordant decisions. Understanding themes from justifications across clinical content areas may reveal how clinicians rationalize decisions and could help inform CDS alerts.

Methods We conducted a qualitative evaluation of the free-text justifications entered by primary care physicians from three pilot interventions designed to reduce opioid prescribing and, in older adults, high-risk polypharmacy and overtesting. Clinicians encountered alerts when triggering conditions were met within the chart. Clinicians were asked to change their course of action or enter a justification for the action that would be displayed in the chart. We extracted all justifications and grouped justifications with common themes. Two authors independently coded each justification and resolved differences via discussion. Three physicians used a modified Delphi technique to rate the clinical appropriateness of the justifications.

Results There were 560 justifications from 50 unique clinicians. We grouped these into three main themes used to justify an action: (1) report of a particular diagnosis or symptom (e.g., for “anxiety” or “acute pain”); (2) provision of further contextual details about the clinical case (e.g., tried and failed alternatives, short-term supply, or chronic medication); and (3) noting communication between clinician and patient (e.g., “risks and benefits discussed”). Most accountable justifications (65%) were of uncertain clinical appropriateness.

Conclusion Most justifications clinicians entered across three separate clinical content areas fit within a small number of themes, and these common rationales may aid in the design of effective accountable justification interventions. Justifications varied in terms of level of clinical detail. On their own, most justifications did not clearly represent appropriate clinical decision making.
Anisotropic Z
n-graded classical r-matrix, deformed A
n Toda- and Gaudin-type models, and separation of variables
Authors: Skrypnyk T.
Published: September 2022

We consider a problem of separation of variables for Lax-integrable Hamiltonian systems governed by gl(n) ⨂ gl(n)-valued classical r-matrices r(u, v). We find a new class of classical non-skew-symmetric non-dynamical gl(n) ⨂ gl(n)-valued r-matrices rJ(u, v) for which the “magic recipe” of Sklyanin [Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 118, 35 (1995)] in the theory of variable separation is applicable, i.e., for which standard separating functions A(u) and B(u) of Gekhtman [Commun. Math. Phys. 167, 593 (1995)] and Scott [“Classical functional Bethe ansatz for SL(N): Separation of variables for the magnetic chain,” arXiv:hep-th 940303] produce a complete set of canonical coordinates satisfying the equations of separation. We illustrate the corresponding separation of variable theory by the example of the anisotropically deformed An Toda models proposed in the work of Skrypnyk [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 38, 9665–9680 (2005)] and governed by the r-matrices rJ(u, v) and by the generalized Gaudin models [T. Skrypnyk, Phys. Lett. A 334(5–6), 390 (2005)] governed by the same classical r-matrices. The n = 2 and n = 3 cases are considered in detail.
True ferroelectric switching and trap characterization in BaTiO3/Nb:STO heterostructures
Authors: Mayersky Joshua , Jha Rashmi , Reed Amber
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the true ferroelectric characteristics of BTO as a function of temperature and interface charge density at the BTO/Nb:STO interface. True ferroelectric switching characterization of BTO at 100 kHz shows a reduction in average remanent polarization from 4.79 ± 0.14 to 1.81 ± 0.13 μC/cm2 as the temperature is increased from 200 to 350 K. An activation energy of 0.082 ± 0.026 eV is reported for the BTO/Nb:STO interface. Trapping at the interface under positive and negative ferroelectric polarization states has been characterized, with polarization specific trap densities up to 1.75 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1 and interfacial trap densities up to 3.5 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1 reported.
Room temperature fabrication of poly-crystalline Si thin films via Al-induced crystallization under 500 keV Xe+ ion irradiation
Authors: Maity G. , Singhal R. , Ojha S. , Mishra A. , Singh U. B. , Som T. , Dhar S. , Kanjilal D. , Patel Shiv. P.
Published: September 2022

Poly-crystalline Si film is an important material for its applications in microelectronics and solar cells. In order to realize poly-crystalline Si for practical application with high performance, it needs to be fabricated at room temperature. In this paper, we present a novel technique to develop poly-crystalline Si thin films at room temperature using 500 keV Xe+ ion irradiation. Here, the Al-induced crystallization process is employed to reduce the crystallization temperature. For that, c-Al (50 nm)/a-Si (150 nm) bilayer thin films have been used for ion irradiation experiments. Structural studies show that crystallization of Si starts at a threshold fluence of 3 × 1015 ions cm−2, and crystallinity is found to increase with increasing ion fluence. The results are explained in terms of displacement spike and thermal spike due to the interaction of energetic ions with target atoms. The transport of ions in matter Monte Carlo computer simulation code has been used to estimate the number of displacements due to ion irradiation. Generation of a sufficient amount of free Si atoms at threshold fluence and diffusion of these free Si atoms along the Al grain boundary starts the nucleation process.
Irreducible representations of Z22-graded N=2 supersymmetry algebra and Z22-graded supermechanics
Authors: Aizawa N. , Doi S.
Published: September 2022

Irreducible representations (irreps) of Z22-graded supersymmetry algebra of N=2 are obtained by the method of induced representation, and they are used to derive Z22-graded supersymmetric classical actions. The irreps are four-dimensional for λ = 0, where λ is an eigenvalue of the Casimir element, and eight-dimensional for λ ≠ 0. The eight-dimensional irreps reduce to four-dimensional ones only when λ and an eigenvalue of Hamiltonian satisfy a particular relation. The reduced four-dimensional irreps are used to define Z22-graded supersymmetry transformations, and two types of classical actions invariant under the transformations are presented. It is shown that one of the Noether charges vanishes if all the variables of specific Z22-degree are auxiliary.
Chemical reaction thresholds according to classical-limit quantum dynamics
Authors: Bonnet L. , Crespos C. , Monnerville M.
Published: September 2022

Classical-limit quantum dynamics is used to explain the origin of the quantum thresholds of chemical reactions from their classical dynamics when these are vibrationally nonadiabatic across the interaction region. This study is performed within the framework of an elementary model of chemical reaction that mimics the passage from the free rotation of the reagents to the bending vibration at the transition state to the free rotation of the products.
Klein tunneling for Lamb waves in elastic phononic crystal plates
Authors: Gao Nan , Wang Jiao , Chen Weiqiu
Published: September 2022

Klein tunneling is an intriguing phenomenon in quantum mechanics, which refers to the unity transmission of particles through a higher energy barrier without hindrance in the case of normal incidence. The introduction of phononic crystals enables the direct observation of this phenomenon from a different point, giving rise to a broader application prospect. In this paper, we aim at realizing the Klein tunneling for elastic plate waves. To this end, we combine two kinds of Y-shaped phononic crystals with different Dirac point energies to structure a sandwich-like plate, which supports the propagation of Lamb waves while artificially introducing a potential barrier. Under such a configuration, perfect wave transmission regardless of the barrier in a wide frequency range can be realized, which also enables the numerical prediction and experimental observation of the Klein tunneling phenomenon in Lamb waves. The results of this work provide a direction and reference for the design and applications of phononic crystal devices, such as the chip-scale elastic waveguides.
A physics-constrained neural network for multiphase flows
Authors: Zheng Haoyang , Huang Ziyang , Lin Guang
Published: September 2022

The present study develops a physics-constrained neural network (PCNN) to predict sequential patterns and motions of multiphase flows (MPFs), which includes strong interactions among various fluid phases. To predict the order parameters, which locate individual phases in the future time, a neural network (NN) is applied to quickly infer the dynamics of the phases by encoding observations. The multiphase consistent and conservative boundedness mapping algorithm (MCBOM) is next implemented to correct the predicted order parameters. This enforces the predicted order parameters to strictly satisfy the mass conservation, the summation of the volume fractions of the phases to be unity, the consistency of reduction, and the boundedness of the order parameters. Then, the density of the fluid mixture is updated from the corrected order parameters. Finally, the velocity in the future time is predicted by another NN with the same network structure, but the conservation of momentum is included in the loss function to shrink the parameter space. The proposed PCNN for MPFs sequentially performs (NN)-(MCBOM)-(NN), which avoids nonphysical behaviors of the order parameters, accelerates the convergence, and requires fewer data to make predictions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed PCNN is capable of predicting MPFs effectively.
Assessment factors in species sensitivity distributions for the derivation of guideline values for aquatic contaminants
Authors: Fox David R. , Batley Graeme E.
Published: September 2022

Environmental context The use of assessment factors applied to guideline values derived using species sensitivity distributions adds an unnecessary level of conservatism. Using an adequate toxicity dataset and applying the latest model-averaging software will yield values of greatest reliability. Abstract The development of the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) more than 30 years ago was in direct response to the many criticisms concerning the use of subjective Assessment (or Application) Factors (AFs) in widespread use at the time. While not perfect, SSD modelling is statistically defensible whereas AFs are not. While intuitively appealing, we believe recent guidance recommending the use of AFs in conjunction with SSD modelling is concerning and has the potential to impose unnecessary, time-consuming and expensive follow-up investigations on both regulators and the regulated. This paper outlines our concerns and presents results of more contemporary analyses to quantify the impact of arbitrary scaling of SSD model outputs.
Monocytes maintain central nervous system homeostasis following helminth-induced inflammation
Authors: Peng Jianya , Sy Chandler B. , Ponessa John J. , Lemenze Alexander D. , Hernandez Christina M. , Inclan-Rico Juan M. , Sawhney Arman , Federman Hannah G. , Chavan Krupa , Espinosa Vanessa , Kotenko Sergei V. , Rivera Amariliz , Siracusa Mark C.
Published: September 2022

Neuroimmune interactions are crucial for regulating immunity and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that the central nervous system (CNS) senses peripheral inflammation and responds by releasing molecules that limit immune cell activation, thereby promoting tolerance and tissue integrity. However, the extent to which this is a bidirectional process, and whether peripheral immune cells also promote tolerance mechanisms in the CNS remains poorly defined. Here we report that helminth-induced type 2 inflammation promotes monocyte responses in the brain that are required to inhibit excessive microglial activation and host death. Mechanistically, infection-induced monocytes express YM1 that is sufficient to inhibit tumor necrosis factor production from activated microglia. Importantly, neuroprotective monocytes persist in the brain, and infected mice are protected from subsequent lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation months after infection-induced inflammation has resolved. These studies demonstrate that infiltrating monocytes promote CNS homeostasis in response to inflammation in the periphery and demonstrate that a peripheral infection can alter the immunologic landscape of the host brain.
Structure formation in the effective field theory of holographic dark energy
Authors: Ganz Alexander , Lin Chunshan
Published: September 2022

We investigate the structure formation in the effective field theory (EFT) of the holographic dark energy. The equation of motion for the energy contrast δ
m of the cold dark matter is the same as the one in the general relativity up to the leading order in the small scale limit, provided the equation of state is quintessence-like. Our EFT breaks down while the equation of state becomes phantom-like. By imposing additional constraints by hand at the Hamiltonian level the unstable scalar graviton can be eliminated solving the instability problem without changing the background evolution. In this case depending on the form of the constraint the effective gravitational constant can be modified and the dust component can obtain a non-vanishing sound speed.
Influence of CO2-laser pulse parameters on 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet emission features from irradiated liquid tin target
Authors: Zakharov Vasily S , Wang Xinbing , Zakharov Sergey V , Zuo Duluo
Published: September 2022

A laser-produced plasma excited by CO2 laser pulses with various durations and energies on liquid tin droplets with diameters of 150 μm and 180 μm is considered. A two-dimensional radiative-magnetohydrodynamic code is used for numerical simulations of multicharged ion plasma radiation and dynamics. The code permits to understand the plasma dynamics self-consistent with radiation transport in non-local equilibrium multicharged ion plasma. Results of simulations for various laser pulse durations and 75 ÷ 600 mJ pulse energies with both Gaussian and experimentally taken temporal profiles are discussed. It is found that if the mass of the target is big enough to provide the plasma flux required (the considered case) a kind of dynamic quasi-stationary plasma flux is formed. In this dynamic quasi-stationary plasma flux, an interlayer of relatively cold tin vapor with mass density of 1 ÷ 2 g cm−3 is formed between the liquid tin droplet and low density plasma of the critical layer. Expanding of the tin vapor from the droplet provides the plasma flux to the critical layer. In critical layer the plasma is heated up and expands faster. In the simulation results with spherical liquid tin target, the conversion efficiency into 2π is of 4% for 30 ns full width half maximum (FWHM) and just slightly lower—of 3.67% for 240 ns FWHM for equal laser intensities of 14 GW cm−2. This slight decay of the in-band extreme ultraviolet (EUV) yield with laser pulse duration is conditioned by an increasing of radiation re-absorption by expanding plasma from the target, as more cold plasma is produced with longer pulse. The calculated angular distributions of in-band EUV emission permit to optimize a collector configuration.
On the operational quantity for eye lens neutron dosimetry considering ICRU 95 report
Authors: Djeffal Salah , Dubeau Jacques , Sun Jiansheng , Ali Fawaz
Published: September 2022

For planned occupational exposure situations, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication 118 recommends an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye of 20 mSv yr−1 averaged over 5 yr with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. Regulatory authorities of various jurisdictions worldwide followed some or all, of the ICRP recommendations and implemented reduced occupational lens of eye dose limits in their legislation. As compliance with the eye-lens dose limit will be based on the summation of doses received from all types of radiation, applicable to a variety of workplaces, the contribution of neutrons to eye lens dose will be important where it contributes a significant fraction of the total dose to the eye lens. This work presents and discusses computed personal absorbed dose (D
lens/Φ), and personal dose equivalent (H
p(3)/Φ) as well as a newly proposed relative biological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted absorbed dose (RBE × D
lens/Φ) conversion coefficients for the lens of the eye for neutron exposure at incident energies from thermal to ∼20 MeV. The D
lens/Φ coefficients were obtained from a simulation model developed for this study that contains the stylised eye model embedded in the adult UF-ORNL mathematical phantom. The modelling techniques used in these simulations were also used to calculate H
p(3)/Φ for the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) slab and cylinder phantoms. All simulations carried out for this study utilised the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) series of codes. The results are compared with the related published data. The issue of compliance with the current equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye is addressed from a neutron perspective considering the recent proposed redefinition of the operational quantities for external radiation exposure in ICRU report 95. The use of a radiation weighted absorbed dose (RBE × D
lens, in Gy) is proposed for the tissue reactions in the eye-lens for neutron radiation as per the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements report 180, and in line with the recent review and revision of the System of Radiological Protection To Keeping the ICRP Recommendations Fit for Purpose, which states that RBE weighted dose should be used for high-Linear energy transfer (LET) radiations such as neutrons. This confirms the earlier statement in ICRP publication 92, paragraph 297 and reiterated in the Executive summary, paragraph (q) of ICRP publication 118. The proposed approach would provide an operational quantity consistent with the units of the new eye-lens dose limits without being overly conservative.
Using the optically stimulated luminescence technique for one- and two-dimensional dose mapping: a brief review
Authors: Gasparian Patricia B R , Malthez Anna Luiza Metidieri Cruz , Campos Letícia L
Published: September 2022

In respect of radiation dosimetry, several applications require dose distribution verification rather than absolute dosimetry. Most protocols use radiological and radiochromic films and ionization chambers or diode arrays for dose mapping. The films are disposable which causes the precision of the results dependent on film production variability. The measurements with arrays of ionization chambers or diodes mainly lack spatial resolution. This review aims to provide an overview of the use of optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLDs) for one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) dose mapping in different applications. It reviews the ideas, OSL materials, and applications related to the assessment of dose distribution using OSLDs in the form of film or ceramic plate (BeO). Additionally, it reviews research published in the international scientific literature from 1998 to 2021. As an outcome, a table containing the main characteristics of each relevant paper is shown. The results section was divided by the type of OSL material, and we briefly described the principal findings and the significant developments of each mentioned study such as film production and OSL reader assembly. The purpose of this study was to present an overview of the main findings of several research groups on the use of OSLD in the form of film or plate for 1D and 2D dose mapping. Finally, the potential future development of dose mapping using OSLD films was outlined.
Multi3: multi-templates siamese network with multi-peaks detection and multi-features refinement for target tracking in ultrasound image sequences
Authors: Wang Yifan , Fu Tianyu , Wang Yan , Xiao Deqiang , Lin Yucong , Fan Jingfan , Song Hong , Liu Fangyi , Yang Jian
Published: September 2022

Objective. Radiation therapy requires a precise target location. However, respiratory motion increases the uncertainties of the target location. Accurate and robust tracking is significant for improving operation accuracy. Approach. In this work, we propose a tracking framework Multi3, including a multi-templates Siamese network, multi-peaks detection and multi-features refinement, for target tracking in ultrasound sequences. Specifically, we use two templates to provide the location and deformation of the target for robust tracking. Multi-peaks detection is applied to extend the set of potential target locations, and multi-features refinement is designed to select an appropriate location as the tracking result by quality assessment. Main results. The proposed Multi3 is evaluated on a public dataset, i.e. MICCAI 2015 challenge on liver ultrasound tracking (CLUST), and our clinical dataset provided by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. Experimental results show that Multi3 achieves accurate and robust tracking in ultrasound sequences (0.75 ± 0.62 mm and 0.51 ± 0.32 mm tracking errors in two datasets). Significance. The proposed Multi3 is the most robust method on the CLUST 2D benchmark set, exhibiting potential in clinical practice.