bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E A IMPORTÂNCIA DA LITERATURA INFANTIL NA VIDA DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: NEVES EVA
Published: September 2021

A literatura está presente no planejamento do professor. Porém, diversas vezes, essa ação tem sido utilizada em apenas um momento: no encerramento do dia ou quando dá tempo, sem atribuir um valor de ensino-aprendizado ao aluno. Portanto, faz-se necessário discutir sobre essa prática que contribui de fato para o processo de ensino-aprendizado dos alunos, considerando a intensa busca do professor em se organizar e priorizar esse momento. Nesse artigo, serão indicadas algumas posturas que o professor deve assumir no momento da história com seus alunos, para torná-lo de fato um elemento de importância no ambiente escolar. Portanto, a literatura infantil deve ser uma prática feita pelo professor diariamente, pois através desse hábito a criança estará em contato com o mundo.
PSICOPEDAGOGIA E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: NUNES GISELE
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo apresenta breve discussão acerca da psicopedagogia e processo de aprendizagem, lançando luz sobre as múltiplas dimensões do processo de aprender. Reforça-se a perene ideia de subjetividade de cada educando, bem como a necessidade de ações, por parte do professor, a fim de mitigar desvios de aprendizagem. Para tanto, sugere-se a aplicação de jogos e brincadeiras nesse processo, uma vez que é de entendimento coletivo que o brincar promove uma aprendizagem significativa e aparentemente despretensiosa. Alguns exemplos de jogos e brincadeiras compõem o artigo, os quais podem ser ampliados e/ou ressignificados por professores e educando a fim de potencializar e, quiçá, dirimir eventuais problemas de aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, reiteramos que a psicopedagogia não só se centra nos processos de aprendizagem, como também busca estratégias para que esse processo seja bem sucedido. As maneiras pelas quais se dá a aprendizagem são diversas e, em certa medida, unas. As linhas que aqui seguem objetivam dissertar sobre a psicopedagogia e a aprendizagem, contudo não há nenhuma pretensão de esgotá-las, antes, deseja-se ampliar o debate.
A MÚSICA E A SUA DINÂMICA DE ENSINO
Authors: SILVA JANAINA
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal, analisar a contribuição da música e da musicalização na educação infantil, pois por meio da música a criança desenvolve aspectos como: socialização, aprendizagem, expressividade, percepção sonora, coordenação motora, entre outros. A finalidade deste estudo é demonstrar que a música não é somente uma associação de sons e palavras, mas sim, um rico instrumento facilitador do processo de aprendizagem que pode dinamizar as instituições de ensino, pois ela desperta o indivíduo para um mundo prazeroso e satisfatório, envolvendo a mente e o corpo, facilitando a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento do educando, que é o sujeito principal deste estudo.
A MÚSICA POPULAR NA ESCOLA
Authors: RAMOS JOSÉ
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo visa identificar a importância da música popular no âmbito escolar. A humanidade construiu um patrimônio cultural que deveria ser mais explorado nas instituições escolar. O Brasil possui grande diversidade cultural e as escolas podem ser um espaço propício em sua divulgação. A cultura é uma temática com muita relevância social, por meio do patrimônio cultural , a música popular constitui-se como um recurso de grande valor para ser utilizado nos projetos educativos. Na presente pesquisa, destacou o Samba de Bumbo como uma alusão para ser estudada em todas as etapas escolares. Trata-se de uma referência cultural que poderá atingir um público variado, desde crianças pequenas até adolescentes. A origem desse gênero musical é africana e exerceu muita influência na formação cultural das cidades paulistas. São eventos importantes para se comemorar nas escolas do Estado de São Paulo como um estudo da cultura local. Organizou-se os dados do presente artigo por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e uma pesquisa descritiva. Concluiu-se a importância de se trabalhar no espaço escolar com projetos de resgate das tradições e costumes transmitidos de geração em geração.
JOGOS E BRINCADEIRAS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: SOUZA PRISCILA
Published: September 2021

As práticas pedagógicas devem ser desenvolvidas com a relevância de observar o desenvolvimento da criança em seu momento de alfabetização, para não frustrar ou matar o sentimento de prazer ao ouvir uma história contada, e ações devem ser respeitadas quando falamos em despertar o gosto pela leitura em crianças pequenas: elas possuem o direito de apenas explorar o livro e suas imagens; direito de pular páginas, criando uma nova história com figuras que lhe chamou atenção; o direito de pedir para reler, já que ao reler a criança imagina, acrescenta e recria os personagens; o direito de ler a qualquer momento, na sala de educação infantil o acesso aos livros é muito importante para que as crianças possam explorá-los quando desejar e o direito de ler em voz alta, ou calar, pois a leitura é companhia. Com as novas tecnologias, surgem novos símbolos e siglas, mas com a internet a leitura também é estimulada pelas razões da comunicação, abrindo assim, novos recursos para o acesso a materiais impressos que hoje podem ser encontrados digitalizados.
COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA FROM NODAL EXPLANTS
Authors: Pandey Ved Prakash , Kudakasseril Jose , Cherian Elizabeth , Patani George ,   Dr. Patani Scientific and Industrial Research, Inga Complex, PSIR building, Mahakali Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400093, India
Published: September 2021

Two different methods of in vitro multiplication of Rauwolfia serpentina from nodal explants were compared viz. multiplication via callus morphogenesis and that via shoot proliferation from axillary buds. The second method was found to be far better. The optimum shoot proliferation occurred on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/L of benzyl aminopurine (BAP). The best rooting of shoots occurred on MS medium containing 4% sucrose and 1 mg/L of NAA. Solid and liquid MS media were found to be similar in supporting shoot proliferation. The plants produced were successfully hardened and established in soil. An easy, reliable and reproducible protocol was developed for in vitro micropropagation of Rauwolfia serpentina from nodal explants.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME HETEROCYCLES CONTAINING OXADIAZOLE AND PYRAZOLE RING FOR ANTI-BACTERIAL, ANTI-FUNGAL AND ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, A/P-Loni, Tal- Rahata, Dist. - Ahmednagar Pin- 413736, Maharashtra., Pattan S. R. , Chavan P. A , Muluk R. A , Dengale S. S , Hiremath S. V. , Pansare K. D , Vetal S. S. , Pattan J. S.
Published: September 2021

1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles were synthesized by treating pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide with CS2 and alc. KOH and their derivatives were prepared by using R-Cl compounds. pyrazolones were synthesized by treatingpyrazine-2-carbohydrazide with ethyl acetoacetate. The derivatives of pyrazolone were prepared by refluxing pyrazolone with formaldehyde and different substituted secondary amines. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activities.
Fragmentation of care: a major challenge for older people living with multimorbidity
Authors: Akintayo-Usman Nafisat Oladayo
Published: September 2021

As the world’s aging population is rising, so too is the prevalence of multimorbidity increasing among older adults. Multimorbidity is therefore a growing public health challenge among the older population. Researchers have reported fragmentation of care to be one of the major problems facing this population. The leading factors responsible for this issue are use of disease-centered approaches and specialism to manage people living with multimorbidity; poor communication between professionals and people with multimorbidity; and poor communication among the professionals caring for these people. Failure to address this problem leads to increased treatment burden, including polypharmacy. There is therefore a need for all healthcare professionals caring for older people living with multimorbidity to address this problem by providing continuous, coordinated person-centered care. For the person-centered care approach to be well-coordinated and continuous, there is a need for effective means of sharing information among healthcare providers, to facilitate inter-professional collaboration; extension of consultation time to better enable healthcare providers to understand the patient's needs; review of organizational frameworks and policies where necessary; and development of new guidelines for the management of multimorbidity.
Surveillance of Cyclospora cayetanensis Epidemics in USA from Long-Term National Outbreaks Reporting System-Based Monitoring: An Observational Study Using Statistical Process Control Methodologies
Authors:   Independent PhD researcher and Candidate, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt, Mostafa Eissa Mostafa Essam Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Cyclosporiasis epidemics are caused primarily by food contaminated essentially with Cyclospora cayetanensis protozoa from Phylum Apicomplexa. National Outbreaks Reporting System (NORS) provides comprehensive monitoring and records for outbreaks in the USA. The pattern of the microbial epidemics could be investigated using statistical process control (SPC) techniques including Pareto analysis and control charts. The incidence of this outbreak is higher in some states more than others, especially Florida and transmitted mainly through herbal food constituents as a vehicle. Process-behavior charts show disease patterns and trends with the rate of occurrence per day 14.4%. Most of illness cases tend to occur in the summer environment except for March in one-year due spiking in the number of affected individuals during a solitary outbreak episode.
Investigation of the Effect of Magnetite Nanoparticles (MCS-B) on Human Platelet Aggregation
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Transfusiology and Hematology, Kharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine, Belousov Andrey N.
Published: September 2021

Background: Currently, one of the main problems that happens in the treatment by extracorporeal methods of hemosorption is systemic shifts in homeostasis. Among these complications the most significant are blood cells traumatization and hemorrhage. Direct physical contact of blood with sorbent surface causes activation of a multistage reaction of thrombosis. Now, new methods of hemosorption using non-traumatic sorbents are being actively developed. Wide introduction of nanotechnological preparations (magnetite nanoparticles) in clinical medicine allows improving methods of hemocorrection, creating a new class magnetically sorbent. The aim of this study is to know the activity of magnet-controlled sorbent inhibiting the aggregation of platelets in an in vitro model. Materials and Methods: 0.9% NaCl, magnetite nanoparticles of magnet-controlled sorbent (MCS-B brand). Object of research: platelets in relatively healthy volunteers. Quantitative determination aggregation of platelets activity by using aggregometer A-1 was carried out by the Bornov's method in the modification of Zachary and Kinah. Results and discussions: The results of the study showed that the use of NaCl saline solution shifts the colloidal suspension equilibrium of platelets towards a significant (P<0.001) increase in the rate and index of their aggregation. For the first time, the effect of 0.9% NaCl on function of platelets makes us reconsider the concept of safety of infusion solutions in patients with initial signs of platelet disorders hemostasis. On the contrary, the use of MCS-B nanoparticles significantly revealed (P<0.05) an increase in the stability of colloidal suspension of platelets. This is an important pathogenetic factor which affects the occurrence of correction of hemostasis in conditions of blood clotting disorders.
Effectiveness of the activities of supporters trained to prevent dementia
Authors:   Gerontological Nursing, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan, Sawami Kazue , Kawaguchi Masahiko ,   Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan, Kimura Mitsuo ,   Master of Nursing, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan, Kitamura Tetsuro ,   Master of Physical Therapy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan, Furumi Mihoko ,   Bachelor of Human Sciences, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan, Morisaki Naoko ,   Gerontological Nursing, Himeji University, 2042-2 Oshio, Himeji City, Hyogo, Japan, Suishu Chizuko ,   Professor of Geriatric Nursing, Shubun University, 6 Nikko, Ichinomiya City, Aichi, Japan, Hattori Sonomi ,   Associate Professor of Geriatric Nursing, Wakayama Medical University, 6 Nikko, Ichinomiya City, Aichi, Japan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: We held a class for supporters in dementia prevention to nurture people who can carry out activities that prevent dementia and restrict its advancement. The objective was for enrollees who have completed the class to be able to visit the homes of older adults who have difficulty leaving their homes and help them carry out activities that prevent dementia. The trained supporters then evaluated the cognitive and psychological effects of interaction. Method: The participants were local residents of Nara and Aichi Prefectures. In the supporter training to prevent dementia, we held 12 training sessions a year at Nara Medical University in Nara Prefecture and Shubun University in Aichi Prefecture. Supporters gather older people in the community to practice dementia prevention activities, and visit the homes of older adults who have difficulty leaving their homes to help the latter carry out activities that prevent dementia. Results: A total of 128 people were enrolled in the training for supporters in dementia prevention. Pre- and post-training supporter evaluations showed significant improvements in both dementia-related skills and availability (p=0.000). In terms of the comparisons before and after visiting 31 older adults people with difficulty leaving their homes, the results of the immediate recall test for cognitive function among the older adults who participated in the activities designed to prevent dementia improved from 4.5 to 7.2, whereas the results of the belated recall test improved from 3.9 to 6.6 (p=0.000). Conclusion: Training for supporters in dementia prevention significantly improved skills. A characteristic of the older adults who had difficulty leaving their homes was that their levels of activity and conversation were low, but the change to their daily lives, increased conversation, and improved activity through the visits of the supporters affected their minds and bodies and significantly improved their cognitive function.
Childhood burns in Shisong, Northwestern Cameroon
Authors:   Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Shisong. P.O Box 8, Kumbo-Nso Bui Division, Northwestern Region, Cameroon, Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson
Published: September 2021

Objective: The study aimed to highlight the pattern and treatment outcome of childhood burn injuries in northwestern Cameroon. Such reports are expected to provide preventive and improvement guidelines in our settings in the long run. Methods: Forty-two consecutive patients under fifteen with burns injuries managed at our facility were prospectively enrolled in the study. Results: The study population was 42 patients, which consisted of 23 (54%) male and 19 (46%) female, with the median 2.40±3.05 years, interquartile range of 1-14 years. The most frequent timing of burns was about mid-day (median 11:50 am). The majority of injuries were right at the patient's homes (70% cases). Interestingly, 4%, 15%, and 20% applied raw-egg, ice, and nothing as the first intervention for their children burns, respectively. Scald burns were the leading category of wounds (p<0.012). The majority of the cases were minor burns injuries with TBSA of 1-12% (p=0.002), with a mortality rate of 4%. Conclusion: Burns is still a significant health problem among children in northwestern Cameroon. Considering the application of raw egg and others like local herbs, therefore pre-hospital interventions may be harmful in our settings. Early and prompt response may be desirable, with strong advocacy for aggressive and urgent public health enlightenment campaigns on the prevention of childhood.
Challenges of healthcare delivery in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Shisong. P.O Box 8, Kumbo-Nso Bui Division, Northwestern Region, Cameroon, Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson , Mohammed Rana Kadhim ,   Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Public health security is concerned with infection prevention and control worldwide. These measures are the concern of all and sundry to ensure prevention of any outbreaks of diseases that has epidemic potential. Africa may be uniquely positioned to have the most severe and under-detected outcomes related to COVID-19 infection. This article seeks to highlight such challenges of healthcare delivery systems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The communique also suggests possible strategies for improvement in such settings. Method: We identified relevant articles to date using a manual library search, journal publications on the subject, and critically reviewed them. Results: We identified and exhaustively discussed the main limitations to public health security in sub-Saharan Africa as follows i) Continuing deterioration of the public health infrastructure for disease control, ii) The changing outlooks of contagious diseases, iii) Private sector reforms like the managed care, iv) Relatively weak health care systems, and v) Poor organizational structures. Conclusion: Most Africans are eager to see the desired transformation in our public health systems. Unfortunately, the political will to invest in public health infrastructure is lacking. Also, the system is characterized by human resources shortage and diverted resources, which significantly impacted the provision for emerging COVID-19 pandemic –related care. Interestingly the monumental breakthroughs in research development for bio-therapeutics and vaccines in African countries appear a mirage even with extensive past study experience with such products from China and the Western world. Finally, notwithstanding these challenges in our public health systems as elaborated, the facts are that enormous capacities exist that can be harnessed in African countries for the COVID-19 preparedness and response.
A comprehensive review on epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus syndrome – COVID-19
Authors:   Dr. Kulvinder Kaur Centre for Human Reproduction. 721, GTB Nagar, Jalandhar-144001, Punjab, India, Kaur Kulvinder Kochar , Allahbadia Gautam ,   Ex-Rotunda-A Centre for Human Reproduction. 672, Kalpak Garden, Perry Cross Road, Near Otter’s Club, Bandra(W)-400040, Mumbai, India, Singh Mandeep ,   Swami Satyanand Hospital, Near Nawi Kachehri, Baradri, Ladowali Road, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Published: September 2021

Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus in December 2019 in Wuhan China, this novel Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) has spread worldwide taking not only epidemic proportions but with its rapid spread world health organization(WHO) was forced to declare it as a pandemic. The Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) virus is responsible for clusters of severe respiratory illness that simulates acute respiratory syndrome that was what was initially. It is thought although that it is equivalent to the high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE), showing glass ground opacities in lungs. More experience is getting acquired with changes in treatment approaches from PEEP to avoid intubation and just ensure oxygen levels maintained. Human to human transmission through droplets, contaminated hands as well as surfaces, has been revealed with an incubation period varying from 2-14 days. Early diagnosis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or computed tomography (CT) scan chest, quarantine, as well as supportive treatment are necessary for getting a cure. In this review we have tried to analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, including antiviral drugs like remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and ivermectin. With 3 successful cases of convalescent plasma achieved in USA, trials going on in India along with vaccines are also detailed in this article.
A case report on the importance of imaging in the diagnosis of Lipofibromatous Hamartoma of the median nerve
Authors:   Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine and “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, Medrano-Danes Luis Adiel , Espinosa-Leal Francisco Rafael ,   Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine and “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, Ceniceros-Marrufo Roberto ,   Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine and “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, Pérez-Rodríguez Edelmiro ,   Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine and “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, Guerra-Leal Jesús Dante ,   Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine and “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
Published: September 2021

This case report presents a lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve in a 31-year-old man who presents local deformity and a sensory deficit in the nerve territory. The tumor was evaluated with magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and plain film radiography, studying the pathognomonic findings of this tumor. The patient did not want surgical treatment because of prior surgical sequelae. A prior surgical biopsy was reported as a peripheral nerve with normal axonal fascicles surrounded by abundant fibroadipose tissue. This tumor has a low incidence with less than 180 cases reported in the literature.
Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis revealing systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia, Bouomrani Salem ,   Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, Lamloum Ines ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia,   Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
Published: September 2021

Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis (AML) remains unusual during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and only a few sporadic observations have been found in the medical literature. It may exceptionally be the first manifestation revealing SLE representing a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians (specific lupus manifestation or infectious complication?). We report an original observation of isolated AML revealing SLE in a 29-year-old Tunisian woman without pathological medical history. She was explored for acute and febrile abdominal pain evolving for a week and not improved by symptomatic treatment. The somatic examination noted a fever at 38.5°C and a discrete diffuse abdominal tenderness. Biology showed a marked biological inflammatory syndrome, leukopenia at 3400/mm3, neutropenia at 1900/mm3, and lymphopenia at 1140/mm3 with no other abnormalities. The abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography objectified multiple large, hypoechoic, and richly vascularized on Doppler mesenteric lymph node compatible with the diagnosis of AML. Subsequent investigations concluded to SLE. The patient was treated with systemic glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine with favorable outcome. No recurrence has been noted for two years.
Pattern of abdominal wall hernia in Shisong, Cameroon
Authors:   Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Shisong. P.O Box 8, Kumbo- Nso Bui Division, Northwestern Region, Cameroon, Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson
Published: September 2021

Introduction: There is the obscurity of published data on surgical management of external abdominal wall hernias in our environment. This study was, therefore, to describe the pattern, outcome, and experience in the surgical management of anterior abdominal wall hernias in Shisong, Cameroon. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted at St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Shisong. The various cases of abdominal wall hernias performed in the hospital during the study period of three years covering January 2017 to December 2019 by the surgical teams were included. We ensured that Ethical clearance and written informed consent were obtained before the start of the project. Information includes detailed sociodemographic data collected and analyzed by using SPSS 22 statistical software. Results: 465 cases of various abdominal wall hernias were included in this study. The most common type of hernia was indirect inguinal hernia (86.5%), and one rare Spigelian hernia was also there. The sub-arachnoid block was the most prevalent form of anesthesia. The various surgical procedures performed, including herniotomy (8.7%), hernioplasty (38.7%), and herniorrhaphy (28.6%), which were done for various inguinal hernias. In contrast, only mesh repair (9%) was performed for epigastric, lumbar, umbilical, Spigelian, and incisional hernia. Amongst the inguinal hernias, 55.2% were right-sided, 40.6% were left-sided, and 4.2% were bilateral, whereas 50% each of femoral hernia was left and right-sided. Overall, the annual recurrence rate for groin hernia was 1.9%. Conclusion: Inguinal Hernia was the most common type of hernia (86.3%). Among the inguinal hernia, the right side was more common (58.42%). The adoption of newer modalities of care should be considered standard. However, in resource-constrained settings like ours in Cameroon, the goal should be to perform a skillful and technically effective technique. Also, it is critical to ensure adequate anesthesia for optimal post-operative pain control, coupled with minimal morbidity.
Knowledge, attitude and pattern of antibiotic utilization among Libyan University students in Zawia
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya, Smeda Hana , Murghem Amera ,   Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya, Khapoli Aya ,   Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya, Gaunos Sana ,   Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya, Alahrish Rabab ,   Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya, Sherif Fathi M. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, Alsharif Shukri M. ,   Department of Pharmaceutilcal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The antimicrobial agents have saved human from several infectious disease. However, bacteria have capability to develop to become resistant to antibiotics and incorrect use of antibiotics is the main determinants of development of antimicrobial resistance which is a public health issue. Attention on medical students and community people should be emphasized by both education and promotion. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the present knowledge, attitude and behavior of Libyan university students regarding antibiotic use and misuse. Methods: Sample size of 150 students attending faculty of pharmacy of university of Zawia, Libya was participated. The procedure was divided into five groups according to their grades. All the involved participants completed a health questionnaire about their utilization and mal utilization of antibiotics. Data was collected over a period of two months during July and August 1029. Results: The evaluated data was from 250 students; 132 were females and 21 were males (7.3 : 1.0). 88.0% use antibiotics to cure bacterial infection while 15.3% use it to cure viral infection. 38.0% never use antibiotics to treat respiratory tract infections such as common cold, 34.0% sometimes and 26.0% always. In addition, 61.0% stopped using antibiotic based on physician's instruction while 8.0% when symptoms decreased. Regarding their attitude toward antibiotic misuse, 82.0% agreed that it is necessary to get more education and promotion about pattern of antibiotic use and 73.0% agreed to establish courses on antibiotic rationale use. Conclusion: Students at medical university of Zawia have a considerable knowledge and a great perspective on antibiotics utilization. However, there is still a need for more additional educational programs on antibiotic utilization and mal utilization targeted university students and community people in Libya.
Zinc concentrations in the expressed prostatic fluid of patients with bladder cancer
Authors:   Radionuclide Diagnostics Department, Medical Radiological Research Centre, Koroleyva St. 4, Obninsk 249036, Kaluga Region, Russia, Zaichick Vladimir , Zaichick Sofia ,   Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In our previous studies it was concluded that the zinc (Zn) level in in human expressed prostatic fluid (EPF) is a first candidate with the role of offering a new, simple, fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) screening. However it was unclear how other non-prostatic diseases inherent of the old persons, including heart diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, asymptomatic cancer of different localization and some others, impact on a chemical element composition of expressed prostatic fluid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the levels of Zn in EPF exist in patients with bladder cancer (BC). Methods: Prostatic fluid levels of Zn were prospectively evaluated in 17 patients with BC and 51 healthy male inhabitants (control group). Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis developed by us. Results: Mean value  standard deviation of mean (MSD) for concentration of Zn in the EPF of healthy males and patients with BC was 573202 mg/L and 625±108 mg/L, respectively. Using both parametric Student’s t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test it was shown that the Zn concentration in the EPF of patients with BC did not differ from that in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Such serious illness as BC did not impact on the Zn concentration in the EPF.
Critical Care Nursing
Authors:   Faculty of Law, International University of Brcko District, Brcko, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Franjić Siniša
Published: September 2021

Everyday routine jobs, as well as suddenly specific situations, as well as severe medical conditions of a nurse, can be considerably psychophysically exhausted. It is therefore important for nurses to find a model to deal effectively with stress and the severity of working conditions. Higher levels of education and lifelong learning contribute to finding new strategies that facilitate work in the intensive care unit. Qualities that give importance to nurse's are communication skills, emotional stability, empathy, flexibility, interpersonal skills, physical endurance, respect, knowledge and many others. The role of a nurse is to establish a balance between technique and humanity, or to bring humanity in the care of a patient, because no one device will replace the caring and sympathy of the nurse.
Physician Roles and Responsibilities in the Context of a Pandemic in Resource-Limited Areas: Impact of Social Media
Authors:   Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal (Qc), Canada, Jantchou Prévost ,   Université de Montréal,. Montréal (Qc), Canada, Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson ,   Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Shisong. P.O Box 8, Kumbo- Nso Bui Division, Northwestern Region, Cameroon, Nguyen Valérie ,   Université de Montréal,. Montréal (Qc), Canada
Published: September 2021

Objective: This article aims to explore the role and responsibility of physicians in the era of social media; the authors take as an example of the current pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Also, we highlight how social media impact the way populations trust and follow the recommendations of the governments. Methods: We identified relevant articles to date using a manual library search, journal publications on the subject, and critically reviewed them. Results: We critically examined the fake news around COVID-19 disease: the disease origin, manifestations, symptoms, and treatments. The authors also explore the high expectation of people and changes in behaviors that led to risky manners, including self-medication after American President Donald Trump has claimed a major benefit of treatment with chloroquine in COVID-19. Surprisingly, the potential BCG vaccination trials in the COVID-19 pandemic were also greeted with much controversy and rejection, especially in Africa. This paper ends with some advice to various stakeholders, including leaders of global health national health organizations, and physicians on the measures to be taken in case of a similar situation in the future. Conclusions: Social media offer significant benefits for individual and public health promotion, especially when used wisely and prudently. They equally provide opportunities for advancement and professional development. However, any careless use of such platforms poses a formidable danger to health care practitioners. Lately, there are existing guidelines issued by health care organizations and professional societies which provide sound and useful principles that health care practitioner should follow to avoid pitfalls. The authors also end by stressing the importance of culturally adapting prevention messages in the context of such a pandemic.
Histopathology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors:   Faculty Department of Patological Anatomy, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Chrysanthakopoulos Nikolaos
Published: September 2021

A severe pandemic of CoronaVirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), according to World Health Organization (WHO), appeared in China in December 2019, and spread rapidly. The majority of the patients had mild symptoms and good prognosis after recovery; however some patients developed severe inflammatory reaction and passed away from multiple organ complications. The novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a beta-coronavirus and is similar with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). SARS-CoV-2 and -1 have the same host receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unclear. The immune response is essential to control and reduce SARS-CoV-1 and -2 infections, however, irregular and exaggerated immune responses may lead to the immunopathology of the disease and the lung lesions. This article presents the immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential pathogenesis based on the recent observations of the International literature.
Giant gastroschisis with complete gastric herniation: A case report and review of the literature
Authors:   Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Shisong. P.O Box 8, Kumbo- Nso Bui Division, Northwestern Region, Cameroon, Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson
Published: September 2021

Introduction: We report a case of gastroschisis seen in our center, highlighting the rarity of this clinical entity. The author equally reviewed the existing literature covering the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, management options, and outcomes of gastroschisis in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and compares the reports with middle-income and high-income countries across the world. Case presentation: A preterm female neonate with a clinical diagnosis of gastroschisis at a primary care center was referred to the Neonatology Service of our tertiary care institution. She received optimal resuscitation and interdisciplinary management. Besides, the baby underwent an initial covering with an improvised silo bag of exposed bowel with unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion: The specific etiological factors for gastroschisis are yet to be established. The condition is considered a multifactorial disease. More frequently than ever, it's becoming easy to make prenatal diagnosis utilizing ultrasonography with high yield. Gastroschisis is a low-prevalence disease with an excellent prognosis if initial management is adequate. Interestingly, the condition requires highly skilled personnel of both specialized and primary care. Once the clinicians are well equipped, they can readily ensure correct initial management. Besides, the patient can equally benefit from an appropriate and timely referral to tertiary care centers to avoid future complications.
Prevalence of untreated dental caries in Latin American children in the Spanish child protection system
Authors:   Social Services Institute of Aragón, Department of Pediatrics, Government of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain, Oliván-Gonzalvo Gonzalo , de la Parte-Serna Alejandro Carlos ,   Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Degree of Dentistry, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
Published: September 2021

Introduction and objective: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of untreated dental caries in Latin American immigrant children who enter into the child protection system in Aragon, Spain. We analyze if these are related to demographic factors, body mass index, or vulnerability circumstances. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. We analyze the social and health records of every child between the age of 6 and 17 that required residential care in the period between 2000 and 2019. The Social Services Institute of Aragon who compiled their records and directed the protection measures assessed their vulnerability conditions. A standard anthropometric and oral evaluation by healthcare professionals, together with the recollection of their demographic data, was carried out as these children accessed the welfare system. Results: Two hundred and thirty-one children (55.8% female) with an average age (SD) of 13.6 (3.8) years were evaluated. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 16.5%. These were associated to the age group 6-13 years-old (p<0.001), the second-generation (p=0.004) and the temporary or permanent parental inability to provide child welfare (p=0.009) due to death, incarceration, physical illness, mental illness, drug addiction, or causes of a similar nature, together with the absence of relatives taking care of the child. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32% and do not exhibited association with the presence of untreated dental caries. Conclusion: We observe either that, besides cariogenic dietary habits acquired in their native community or their foster one, socio-family vulnerability and deprivation play an essential role in the high prevalence of untreated dental caries.
ABO blood groups among Coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Lybia, Alkout Tasneem A. , Alkout Abdulhamid M. ,   Faculty of Medical Technology, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Lybia
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Susceptibility to some infectious diseases has been associated with blood group phenotypes. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by a novel corona virus designated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has spread rapidly around the world. The objective of this study was to determine if the susceptibility or severity to COVID-19 was associated with ABO blood group distribution among the affected countries. Materials and methods: This retrospective study of COVID-19 disease was based on data from 105 countries collected on the 13th of April 2020 and analysed by SPSS software version 16.0. Spearman correlation coefficient and Kruskal Wallis test were used to assess for associations between ABO blood group with COVID-19. Results: The results indicated that individuals of blood group A are at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus and severity of COVID-19 disease. Blood groups B and O were less likely to be infected and the disease evolves less severe. Conclusions: The results are discussed in relation to the host-parasite interactions that might contribute to susceptibility to these infections.
NMDA Receptors Subunits, Medical Conditions Involved in, and Their Roles as Drug Targets
Authors:   College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, USA, Omer Mohamed
Published: September 2021

In the 1960s, Jeff Watkins and colleagues discovered N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and since then, it has been a pharmacodynamic target for many neurological and psychiatric drugs. NMDA is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein located in nerve cells. There are many subunits for the NMDA receptor. They are all working together in a harmonic pattern to regulate the calcium permeability and the voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium influenced by the binding of glutamate as a neurotransmitter. In this paper, a light will be shed on glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA subunits. There are several names for the GRIN gene, such as GluN. It is proven that GRIN has a significant influence on memory and learning abilities. Interestingly, part of how GRIN executes its function by interacting with other receptors. For example, GRIN counteracts the role of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREP) receptor, while its function modulated by dopamine D1 receptors. Therefore, Hypo-functioning and mutation of this gene play a pivotal role in developing neurodevelopmental disorders wither it was with or without hyperkinetic movements and with and without seizures, besides several psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Hence, NMDA receptors subunits have been a target for therapeutic development for the last years. With the advancements in the genetic and genomic science, investigators are trying to find the alternative splicing of GRIN, understanding location and the distribution of NMDA subunits with deeper lucidity than it is currently. However, that is faced by some challenges. Modifying the NMDA receptor subunits to treat one condition can lead to potential harm effect in another condition because, sometimes, NMDA works complicatedly inversely with many other receptors and neurotransmitters, which will have an impact on the investigators to find the appropriate way to cause no harm.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in pharyngolaryngeal pathology
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania, Cîrpaciu Daniela ,   Clinical Emergency Hospital “Sf. Pantelimon”, Bucharest, Romania, Budu Vlad Andrei ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania,   Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT Surgery “Prof. Dr. D. Hociotă”, Bucharest, Romania, Madalina Georgescu ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania,   Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT Surgery “Prof. Dr. D. Hociotă”, Bucharest, Romania, Goanţă Cristina Maria ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania,   Clinical Emergency Hospital “Sf. Pantelimon”, Bucharest, Romania
Published: September 2021

The objective of this review is to summarize specialty data regarding possible manifestations of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in general otorhinolaryngology practice in order to increase awareness of this entity. Research on the topic was based on consulting specialty books, electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science, Research Gate, Up-to-date and also, on clinical experience. Even though asymptomatic in most patients and many times found during cervical pain investigations or by accident, this overlooked disorder, in rare cases, may cause two of the main complains in practice, dysphagia and dyspnea.
How to Use and Apply Assessment Tools in Medical Education?
Authors:   Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt, Elshama Said Said ,   College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2021

Assessment in medical education usually gives the evidence that learning was carried out and the learning objectives were achieved. The assessment program is a measurement tool to evaluate the progress in knowledge, skills, behaviors, and the attitude of students. So, the planning for an effective assessment program should be based on instructional objectives, instructional activities, and efficient assessment methods. Thus, a well-designed assessment procedure should be characterized by validity and reliability. There are two methods for interpreting the results of students’ performance, norm-referenced and criterion-referenced; the first gives a relative ranking of students while the second describes learning tasks that students can and cannot perform. The information that gets from the assessment results should be used effectively to evaluate and revise the instructional course for more improvement. Therefore, the reporting of the assessment results to stakeholders should be clear, comprehensive, and understandable to prevent misinterpretation that may affect students and other stakeholders adversely.
Bagassosis, rare cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A case report
Authors:   Department of Medicine, DVPPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, PIN-414111, India, Arun Tyagi , Sagar Jadhav ,   Department of Medicine, DVPPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, PIN-414111, India, Manoj Waghmare ,   Department of Medicine, DVPPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, PIN-414111, India, Srivastava AK ,   Department of Medicine, DVPPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, PIN-414111, India, Khare AB ,   Department of Medicine, DVPPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, PIN-414111, India
Published: September 2021

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is a respiratory syndrome involving the lung parenchyma specifically the alveoli, terminal bronchioles and alveolar interstitium. HP is caused by delayed allergic reaction to variety of antigens like microbes, animal proteins, and low-molecular-weight chemicals. Bagassosis is one such HP caused by repetitive inhalation of bagasse. Though use of bagasse as cause of HP is known, use of bagasse in brick- kiln factory as fuel and its association with HP has not been well documented. We report a case of HP in a brick-kiln worker where bagasse was used as fuel. A twenty-five years old man, working in a brick kiln for five years, presented with complaints of dry cough, low grade fever and weight loss for one month. He had bilateral lower lobe crackles on auscultation. The history of bagasse, clay and coal dust exposure, clinical presentation and imaging were suggestive of HP. However, being endemic in India, pulmonary tuberculosis was ruled out by negative Mantoux test, sputum for acid fast bacilli and Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test. He was managed with corticosteroids and symptomatic treatment with good response and resolution of clinical signs and radiological changes.