bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem Cells in the Exocrine Pancreas during Homeostasis, Injury, and Cancer
Authors: Lodestijn Sophie C. , van Neerven Sanne M. , Vermeulen Louis , Bijlsma Maarten F.
Published: June 2021

Cell generation and renewal are essential processes to develop, maintain, and regenerate tissues. New cells can be generated from immature cell types, such as stem-like cells, or originate from more differentiated pre-existing cells that self-renew or transdifferentiate. The adult pancreas is a dormant organ with limited regeneration capacity, which complicates studying these processes. As a result, there is still discussion about the existence of stem cells in the adult pancreas. Interestingly, in contrast to the classical stem cell concept, stem cell properties seem to be plastic, and, in circumstances of injury, differentiated cells can revert back to a more immature cellular state. Importantly, deregulation of the balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation can lead to disease initiation, in particular to cancer formation. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of only ~9%. Unfortunately, metastasis formation often occurs prior to diagnosis, and most tumors are resistant to current treatment strategies. It has been proposed that a specific subpopulation of cells, i.e., cancer stem cells (CSCs), are responsible for tumor expansion, metastasis formation, and therapy resistance. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of pancreatic stem cells during homeostasis and injury might lead to new insights to understand the role of CSCs in PDAC. Therefore, in this review, we present an overview of the current literature regarding the stem cell dynamics in the pancreas during health and disease. Furthermore, we highlight the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the growth behavior of PDAC.
Crosstalk between Macrophages and Myxoid Liposarcoma Cells Increases Spreading and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells
Authors: Minopoli Michele , Sarno Sabrina , Cannella Lucia , Tafuto Salvatore , Scognamiglio Gosuè , Gallo Michele , Fazioli Flavio , Azzaro Rosa , Apice Gaetano , De Angelis Biagio , Tamborini Elena , Garofalo Cecilia , Pignochino Ymera , Mercatali Laura , Ibrahim Toni , Falcioni Rita , Valenti Beatrice , Maestro Roberta , Scotlandi Katia , De Chiara Annarosaria , Carriero Maria Vincenza
Published: June 2021

Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is the second most common subtype of liposarcoma and has tendency to metastasize to soft tissues. To date, the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of MLPS remain unclear, and new therapeutic strategies that improve patients’ outcomes are expected. In this study, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the immune cellular components and microvessel density in tumor tissues from patients affected by MLPS. In order to evaluate the effects of primary human MLPS cells on macrophage polarization and, in turn, the ability of macrophages to influence invasiveness of MLPS cells, non-contact and 3D organotypic co-cultures were set up. High grade MLPS tissues were found heavily vascularized, exhibited a CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocyte-poor phenotype and were massively infiltrated by CD163 positive M2-like macrophages. Conversely, low grade MLPS tissues were infiltrated by a discrete amount of CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocytes and a scarce amount of CD163 positive macrophages. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a shorter Progression Free Survival in MLPS patients whose tumor tissues were highly vascularized and heavily infiltrated by CD163 positive macrophages, indicating a clear-cut link between M2-like macrophage abundance and poor prognosis in patients. Moreover, we documented that, in co-culture, soluble factors produced by primary human MLPS cells induce macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype which, in turn, increases MLPS cell capability to spread into extracellular matrix and to cross endothelial monolayers. The identification of M2-like polarization factors secreted by MLPS cells may allow to develop novel targeted therapies counteracting MLPS progression.
A Preliminary Study Showing the Impact of Genetic and Dietary Factors on GC–MS-Based Plasma Metabolome of Patients with and without PROX1-Genetic Predisposition to T2DM up to 5 Years Prior to Prediabetes Appearance
Authors: Mojsak Patrycja , Miniewska Katarzyna , Godlewski Adrian , Adamska-Patruno Edyta , Samczuk Paulina , Rey-Stolle Fernanda , Bauer Witold , Barbas Coral , Kretowski Adam , Ciborowski Michal
Published: June 2021

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) consist of a combination of an unhealthy, imbalanced diet and genetic factors that may interact with each other. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) gene is a strong genetic susceptibility factor for this metabolic disorder and impaired β-cell function. As the role of this gene in T2DM development remains unclear, novel approaches are needed to advance the understanding of the mechanisms of T2DM development. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, postprandial changes in plasma metabolites were analysed by GC–MS in nondiabetic men with different PROX1 genotypes up to 5 years prior to prediabetes appearance. Eighteen contestants (12 with high risk (HR) and 6 with low risk (LR) genotype) participated in high-carbohydrate (HC) and normo-carbohydrate (NC) meal-challenge tests. Our study concluded that both meal-challenge tests provoked changes in 15 plasma metabolites (amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids and others) in HR, but not LR genotype carriers. Postprandial changes in the levels of some of the detected metabolites may be a source of potential specific early disturbances possibly associated with the future development of T2DM. Thus, accurate determination of these metabolites can be important for the early diagnosis of this metabolic disease.
Outcomes of Post-Operative Treatment with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in High-Risk Resected Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC): A Multi-Institutional Collaboration
Authors: Babar Arslan , Woody Neil M. , Ghanem Ahmed I. , Tsai Jillian , Dunlap Neal E. , Schymick Matthew , Liu Howard Y. , Burkey Brian B. , Lamarre Eric D. , Ku Jamie A. , Scharpf Joseph , Prendes Brandon L. , Joshi Nikhil P. , Caudell Jimmy J. , Siddiqui Farzan , Porceddu Sandro V. , Lee Nancy , Schwartzman Larisa , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Adelstein David J. , Geiger Jessica L.
Published: June 2021

Adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT), with high-dose cisplatin remains standard treatment for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) with high-risk pathologic features. We evaluated outcomes associated with different cisplatin dosing and schedules, concurrent with radiation (RT), and the effect of cumulative dosing of cisplatin. An IRB-approved collaborative database of patients (pts) with primary OCSCC (Stage I–IVB AJCC 7th edition) treated with primary surgical resection between January 2005 and January 2015, with or without adjuvant therapy, was established from six academic institutions. Patients were categorized by cisplatin dose and schedule, and resultant groups compared for demographic data, pathologic features, and outcomes by statistical analysis to determine disease free survival (DFS) and freedom from metastatic disease (DM). From a total sample size of 1282 pts, 196 pts were identified with high-risk features who were treated with adjuvant CRT. Administration schedule of cisplatin was not significantly associated with DFS. On multivariate (MVA), DFS was significantly better in patients without perineural invasion (PNI) and in those receiving ≥200 mg/m2 cisplatin dose (p < 0.001 and 0.007). Median DFS, by cisplatin dose, was 10.5 (<200 mg/m2) vs. 20.8 months (≥200 mg/m2). Our analysis demonstrated cumulative cisplatin dose ≥200 mg/m2 was associated with improved DFS in high-risk resected OCSCC pts.
Molecular Identification of an Invasive Sarotherodon Species from the Atchakpa Freshwater Reservoir (Ouémé River Basin, Benin) and Comparison within S. melanotheron Using COI Markers
Authors: Pèlèbè Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya , Imorou Toko Ibrahim , Verheyen Erik , Van Steenberge Maarten
Published: June 2021

The Atchakpa freshwater reservoir (Ouémé Basin, Benin) was found to harbour an unexpected population of a cichlid species that was presumed to be Sarotherodon melanotheron. This species became dominant in the reservoir and became the main fisheries target species. We applied DNA barcoding to identify this population. Besides specimens from the reservoir, we also sequenced S. melanotheron from its native range in Benin at the lower Ouémé and Sô Rivers, and from Lake Nokoué, and Porto-Novo Lagoon. High sequence similarity indicated that all specimens were conspecific. Hence, we cannot exclude that a natural range extension led to the presence of the species in the reservoir. A comparison with sequences from NCBI GenBank confirmed that all samples belonged to the subspecies S. m. melanotheron, which is native to Benin. This comparison also showed that this subspecies was previously introduced in the Philippines. We call for further studies to investigate the socioeconomic, ecological and environmental impacts of the species in the Atchakpa reservoir.
The Pre-Metaphase Stretch: A Re-Examination
Authors: Czekalski Megan A. , Paliulis Leocadia V.
Published: June 2021

Pre-metaphase stretch is a term first coined by the preeminent cell biologist Sally Hughes-Schrader in 1950 to describe an elongation of prometaphase chromosomes observed in the primary spermatocytes of phasmid insects and praying mantids. Research from many groups since Hughes-Schrader’s initial observation has revealed reasons for both how and why chromosomes might elongate prior to metaphase. In this review, we describe Hughes-Schrader’s initial findings and discuss how recent work illuminates and provides some mechanistic explanation for this long-ago observed phenomenon.
Dynamics Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Gear Mechanism with Coupled Small Clearances
Authors: Han Jianchao , Liang Lei , Zhang Huibo , Zhao Yang
Published: June 2021

Internal gear mechanism is widely used in micro-nano satellites due to its compact structure and high precision transmission. However, the vibration coupling caused by the small clearance coupling is more obvious and cannot be ignored under low speed, light load and zero gravity conditions. Based on the geometric relationship between radial clearance and backlash, a coupled model between dynamic backlash and radial clearance of internal meshing gear is established. Based on the conformal contact theory, the radial collision force model of the gear shaft and shaft sleeve considering the small clearances is established. Additionally, a multi-clearance gear rotor system test device is built to measure the vibration acceleration of the internal gear rotor system by an acceleration sensor and transmitted to the industrial computer through a signal collector for data processing. Through the comparison of simulation and experiment, the accuracy of the gear dynamics model is verified. The analysis results show that, compared with the traditional model, the calculation results of the gear mechanism model considering the small clearance coupling is closer to the experimental data.
Algorithmic Information Distortions in Node-Aligned and Node-Unaligned Multidimensional Networks
Authors: Abrahão Felipe S. , Wehmuth Klaus , Zenil Hector , Ziviani Artur
Published: June 2021

In this article, we investigate limitations of importing methods based on algorithmic information theory from monoplex networks into multidimensional networks (such as multilayer networks) that have a large number of extra dimensions (i.e., aspects). In the worst-case scenario, it has been previously shown that node-aligned multidimensional networks with non-uniform multidimensional spaces can display exponentially larger algorithmic information (or lossless compressibility) distortions with respect to their isomorphic monoplex networks, so that these distortions grow at least linearly with the number of extra dimensions. In the present article, we demonstrate that node-unaligned multidimensional networks, either with uniform or non-uniform multidimensional spaces, can also display exponentially larger algorithmic information distortions with respect to their isomorphic monoplex networks. However, unlike the node-aligned non-uniform case studied in previous work, these distortions in the node-unaligned case grow at least exponentially with the number of extra dimensions. On the other hand, for node-aligned multidimensional networks with uniform multidimensional spaces, we demonstrate that any distortion can only grow up to a logarithmic order of the number of extra dimensions. Thus, these results establish that isomorphisms between finite multidimensional networks and finite monoplex networks do not preserve algorithmic information in general and highlight that the algorithmic information of the multidimensional space itself needs to be taken into account in multidimensional network complexity analysis.
Modified Hilbert Curve for Rectangles and Cuboids and Its Application in Entropy Coding for Image and Video Compression
Authors: Rong Yibiao , Zhang Xia , Lin Jianyu
Published: June 2021

In our previous work, by combining the Hilbert scan with the symbol grouping method, efficient run-length-based entropy coding was developed, and high-efficiency image compression algorithms based on the entropy coding were obtained. However, the 2-D Hilbert curves, which are a critical part of the above-mentioned entropy coding, are defined on squares with the side length being the powers of 2, i.e., 2n, while a subband is normally a rectangle of arbitrary sizes. It is not straightforward to modify the Hilbert curve from squares of side lengths of 2n to an arbitrary rectangle. In this short article, we provide the details of constructing the modified 2-D Hilbert curve of arbitrary rectangle sizes. Furthermore, we extend the method from a 2-D rectangle to a 3-D cuboid. The 3-D modified Hilbert curves are used in a novel 3-D transform video compression algorithm that employs the run-length-based entropy coding. Additionally, the modified 2-D and 3-D Hilbert curves introduced in this short article could be useful for some unknown applications in the future.
Dynamical Invariant and Exact Mechanical Analyses for the Caldirola–Kanai Model of Dissipative Three Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Medjber Salim , Menouar Salah , Choi Jeong Ryeol
Published: June 2021

We study the dynamical invariant for dissipative three coupled oscillators mainly from the quantum mechanical point of view. It is known that there are many advantages of the invariant quantity in elucidating mechanical properties of the system. We use such a property of the invariant operator in quantizing the system in this work. To this end, we first transform the invariant operator to a simple one by using a unitary operator in order that we can easily manage it. The invariant operator is further simplified through its diagonalization via three-dimensional rotations parameterized by three Euler angles. The coupling terms in the quantum invariant are eventually eliminated thanks to such a diagonalization. As a consequence, transformed quantum invariant is represented in terms of three independent simple harmonic oscillators which have unit masses. Starting from the wave functions in the transformed system, we have derived the full wave functions in the original system with the help of the unitary operators.
Increased Entropic Brain Dynamics during DeepDream-Induced Altered Perceptual Phenomenology
Authors: Greco Antonino , Gallitto Giuseppe , D’Alessandro Marco , Rastelli Clara
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the use of psychedelic drugs to study brain dynamics has flourished due to the unique opportunity they offer to investigate the neural mechanisms of conscious perception. Unfortunately, there are many difficulties to conduct experiments on pharmacologically-induced hallucinations, especially regarding ethical and legal issues. In addition, it is difficult to isolate the neural effects of psychedelic states from other physiological effects elicited by the drug ingestion. Here, we used the DeepDream algorithm to create visual stimuli that mimic the perception of hallucinatory states. Participants were first exposed to a regular video, followed by its modified version, while recording electroencephalography (EEG). Results showed that the frontal region’s activity was characterized by a higher entropy and lower complexity during the modified video, with respect to the regular one, at different time scales. Moreover, we found an increased undirected connectivity and a greater level of entropy in functional connectivity networks elicited by the modified video. These findings suggest that DeepDream and psychedelic drugs induced similar altered brain patterns and demonstrate the potential of adopting this method to study altered perceptual phenomenology in neuroimaging research.
Extreme Value Theory for Hurwitz Complex Continued Fractions
Authors: Kirsebom Maxim Sølund
Published: June 2021

The Hurwitz complex continued fraction is a generalization of the nearest integer continued fraction. In this paper, we prove various results concerning extremes of the modulus of Hurwitz complex continued fraction digits. This includes a Poisson law and an extreme value law. The results are based on cusp estimates of the invariant measure about which information is still limited. In the process, we obtained several results concerning the extremes of nearest integer continued fractions as well.
List Decoding of Arıkan’s PAC Codes
Authors: Yao Hanwen , Fazeli Arman , Vardy Alexander
Published: June 2021

Polar coding gives rise to the first explicit family of codes that provably achieve capacity with efficient encoding and decoding for a wide range of channels. However, its performance at short blocklengths under standard successive cancellation decoding is far from optimal. A well-known way to improve the performance of polar codes at short blocklengths is CRC precoding followed by successive-cancellation list decoding. This approach, along with various refinements thereof, has largely remained the state of the art in polar coding since it was introduced in 2011. Recently, Arıkan presented a new polar coding scheme, which he called polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes. At short blocklengths, such codes offer a dramatic improvement in performance as compared to CRC-aided list decoding of conventional polar codes. PAC codes are based primarily upon the following main ideas: replacing CRC codes with convolutional precoding (under appropriate rate profiling) and replacing list decoding by sequential decoding. One of our primary goals in this paper is to answer the following question: is sequential decoding essential for the superior performance of PAC codes? We show that similar performance can be achieved using list decoding when the list size L is moderately large (say, L⩾128). List decoding has distinct advantages over sequential decoding in certain scenarios, such as low-SNR regimes or situations where the worst-case complexity/latency is the primary constraint. Another objective is to provide some insights into the remarkable performance of PAC codes. We first observe that both sequential decoding and list decoding of PAC codes closely match ML decoding thereof. We then estimate the number of low weight codewords in PAC codes, and use these estimates to approximate the union bound on their performance. These results indicate that PAC codes are superior to both polar codes and Reed–Muller codes. We also consider random time-varying convolutional precoding for PAC codes, and observe that this scheme achieves the same superior performance with constraint length as low as ν=2.
Wealth Rheology
Authors: Burda Zdzislaw , Krawczyk Malgorzata J. , Malarz Krzysztof , Snarska Malgorzata
Published: June 2021

We study wealth rank correlations in a simple model of macroeconomy. To quantify rank correlations between wealth rankings at different times, we use Kendall’s τ and Spearman’s ρ, Goodman–Kruskal’s γ, and the lists’ overlap ratio. We show that the dynamics of wealth flow and the speed of reshuffling in the ranking list depend on parameters of the model controlling the wealth exchange rate and the wealth growth volatility. As an example of the rheology of wealth in real data, we analyze the lists of the richest people in Poland, Germany, the USA and the world.
Channel Width Variation Phases of the Major Rivers of the Campania Region (Southern Italy) over 150 Years: Preliminary Results
Authors: Magliulo Paolo , Cusano Angelo , Giannini Alberto , Sessa Sofia , Russo Filippo
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, rivers in Southern Italy experienced remarkable channel changes. Studies on this topic are relatively recent, and yet, far from defining a morpho-evolutionary trend that is common to all rivers of this area. The types and roles of the different controlling factors are still debated. In this study, we present preliminary results about the width channel changes of major rivers in the Campania region (Southern Italy) in the last 150 years. The aim is to provide new insights that are useful to define morpho-evolutionary trajectories at a regional scale and shed light on the roles played by controlling factors. To this aim, we carried out a GIS-aided geomorphological analysis of topographic maps and orthophotos. The results showed the existence of at least three main phases of channel width variations. Between the 1870s and 1930s (Phase 1), most of the rivers experienced widening. Between the 1930s and late 1990s (Phase 2), all of the rivers underwent dramatic narrowing at high rates. Finally, from the 1990s onwards, no dominant trend was found and variations were negligible. Land-use changes at the basin scale and rainfall changes at a decadal scale are likely the main controlling factors, while variations in human disturbances and local factors seem responsible for changes in general trends.
Automated Testbench for Hybrid Machine Learning-Based Worst-Case Energy Consumption Analysis on Batteryless IoT Devices
Authors: Huybrechts Thomas , Reiter Philippe , Mercelis Siegfried , Famaey Jeroen , Latré Steven , Hellinckx Peter
Published: June 2021

Batteryless Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices need to schedule tasks on very limited energy budgets from intermittent energy harvesting. Creating an energy-aware scheduler allows the device to schedule tasks in an efficient manner to avoid power loss during execution. To achieve this, we need insight in the Worst-Case Energy Consumption (WCEC) of each schedulable task on the device. Different methodologies exist to determine or approximate the energy consumption. However, these approaches are computationally expensive and infeasible to perform on all type of devices; or are not accurate enough to acquire safe upper bounds. We propose a hybrid methodology that combines machine learning-based prediction on small code sections, called hybrid blocks, with static analysis to combine the predictions to a final upper bound estimation for the WCEC. In this paper, we present our work on an automated testbench for the Code Behaviour Framework (COBRA) that measures and profiles the upper bound energy consumption on the target device. Next, we use the upper bound measurements of the testbench to train eight different regression models that need to predict these upper bounds. The results show promising estimates for three regression models that could potentially be used for the methodology with additional tuning and training.
Field-Ready Implementation of Linear Economic Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Dispatch in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Kull Tobias , Zeilmann Bernd , Fischerauer Gerhard
Published: June 2021

The increasing share of distributed renewable energy resources (DER) in the grid entails a paradigm shift in energy system operation demanding more flexibility on the prosumer side. In this work we show an implementation of linear economic model predictive control (MPC) for flexible microgrid dispatch based on time-variable electricity prices. We focus on small and medium enterprises (SME) where information and communications technology (ICT) is available on an industrial level. Our implementation uses field devices and is evaluated in a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test bench to achieve high technological maturity. We use available forecasting techniques for power demand and renewable energy generation and evaluate their influence on energy system operation compared to optimal operation under perfect knowledge of the future and compared to a status-quo operation strategy without control. The evaluation scenarios are based on an extensive electricity price analysis to increase representativeness of the simulation results and are based on the use of historic real-world measurements in an existing production facility. Due to real-world restrictions (imperfect forecast knowledge, implementation on field hardware, power fluctuations), between 72.2% and 85.5% of the economic optimum (rather than 100%) is reached. Together with reduced operation cost, the economic MPC implementation on field-typical industrial ICT leads to an increased share of renewable energy demand.
Non-Linear Inductors Characterization in Real Operating Conditions for Power Density Optimization in SMPS
Authors: Scirè Daniele , Vitale Gianpaolo , Ventimiglia Marco , Lullo Giuseppe
Published: June 2021

The exploitation of power inductors outside their linear region in switching converters can be achieved by raising the current until a decrease in the inductance can be noticed. This allows using a smaller magnetic core, increasing the power density of the converter. On the other hand, a detailed description of the magnetization curve including the temperature is required. Since this information is often not included in the inductor’s datasheets, this paper shows how to identify the behavior of an inductor when it is operated up to saturation and its temperature rises. In order to characterize the inductor in real operating conditions, a dedicated measurement rig was developed. It consists of a switching converter that encompasses the inductor under test and is controlled by a virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW. The characterization system was tested by retrieving the inductance and the magnetization curves vs. current for two commercial inductors at core temperatures up to 105 °C. The magnetic core was then characterized by the saturation current vs. inductance, obtaining an expression for the whole family of inductors sharing the same core. Finally, we experimentally analyzed the thermal transient of the inductors in operating conditions, confirming the fundamental role of the temperature in changing the current profiles and the core saturation condition.
Design, Development, and Characterization of Low Distortion Advanced Semitransparent Photovoltaic Glass for Buildings Applications
Authors: Basher Mohammad Khairul , Alam Mohammad Nur-E , Alameh Kamal
Published: June 2021

Aesthetic appearance of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) products, such as semitransparent PV (STPV) glass, is crucial for their widespread adoption and contribution to the net-zero energy building (NZEB) goal. However, the visual distortion significantly limits the aesthetics of STPV glass. In this study, we investigate the distortion effect of transparent periodic-micropattern-based thin-film PV (PMPV) panels available in the market. To minimize the visual distortion of such PMPV glass panel types, we design and develop an aperiodic micropattern-based PV (APMP) glass that significantly reduces visual distortion. The developed APMP glass demonstrates a haze ratio of 3.7% compared to the 10.7% of PMPV glass. Furthermore, the developed AMPV glass shows an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 58.3% which is around 1.3 times higher than that of AMPV glass (43.8%). Finally, the measured CIELAB values (L* = 43.2, a* = −1.55, b* = −2.86.) indicate that our developed AMPV glass possesses excellent color neutrality, which makes them suitable for commercial applications. Based on the characterization results, this study will have a significant impact on the areas of smart window glasses that can play a vital role in developing a sustainable environment and enhancing the aesthetical appearance of net-zero energy buildings (NZEB).
Analysis of Genetic Variants Associated with Levels of Immune Modulating Proteins for Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Reveal a Potential Role for SIGLEC14
Authors: Shaw Benjamin C. , Katsumata Yuriko , Simpson James F. , Fardo David W. , Estus Steven
Published: June 2021

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified immune-related genes as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including TREM2 and CD33, frequently passing a stringent false-discovery rate. These genes either encode or signal through immunomodulatory tyrosine-phosphorylated inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) or activation motifs (ITAMs) and govern processes critical to AD pathology, such as inflammation and amyloid phagocytosis. To investigate whether additional ITIM and ITAM-containing family members may contribute to AD risk and be overlooked due to the stringent multiple testing in GWAS, we combined protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from a recent plasma proteomics study with AD associations in a recent GWAS. We found that pQTLs for genes encoding ITIM/ITAM family members were more frequently associated with AD than those for non-ITIM/ITAM genes. Further testing of one family member, SIGLEC14 which encodes an ITAM, uncovered substantial copy number variations, identified an SNP as a proxy for gene deletion, and found that gene expression correlates significantly with gene deletion. We also found that SIGLEC14 deletion increases the expression of SIGLEC5, an ITIM. We conclude that many genes in this ITIM/ITAM family likely impact AD risk, and that complex genetics including copy number variation, opposing function of encoded proteins, and coupled gene expression may mask these AD risk associations at the genome-wide level.
Altered Expression of DAAM1 and PREP Induced by Cadmium Toxicity Is Counteracted by Melatonin in the Rat Testis
Authors: Venditti Massimo , Ben Rhouma Mariem , Romano Maria Zelinda , Messaoudi Imed , Reiter Russel J. , Minucci Sergio
Published: June 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants for health due to its accumulation in several tissues, including testis. This report confirms that Cd increased oxidative stress and apoptosis of germ and somatic cells and provoked testicular injury, as documented by biomolecular and histological alterations, i.e., CAT and SOD activity, the protein level of steroidogenic enzymes (StAR and 3β-HSD), and morphometric parameters. Additionally, it further documents the melatonin (MLT) coadministration produces affects in mitigating Cd-induced toxicity on adult rat testis, as demonstrated by the reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, with reversal of the observed histological changes; moreover, a role of MLT in partially restoring steroidogenic enzymes expression was evidenced. Importantly, the cytoarchitecture of testicular cells was perturbed by Cd exposure, as highlighted by impairment of the expression and localization of two cytoskeleton-associated proteins DAAM1 and PREP, which are involved in the germ cells’ differentiation into spermatozoa, altering the normal spermatogenesis. Here, for the first time, we found that the co-treatment with MLT attenuated the Cd-induced toxicity on the testicular DAAM1 and PREP expression. The combined findings provide additional clues about a protective effect of MLT against Cd-induced testicular toxicity by acting on DAAM1 and PREP expression, encouraging further studies to prove its effectiveness in human health.
The METTL3-m6A Epitranscriptome: Dynamic Regulator of Epithelial Development, Differentiation, and Cancer
Authors: Maldonado López Alexandra , Capell Brian C.
Published: June 2021

Dynamic modifications on RNA, frequently termed both, “RNA epigenetics” and “epitranscriptomics”, offer one of the most exciting emerging areas of gene regulation and biomedicine. Similar to chromatin-based epigenetic mechanisms, writers, readers, and erasers regulate both the presence and interpretation of these modifications, thereby adding further nuance to the control of gene expression. In particular, the most abundant modification on mRNAs, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), catalyzed by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) has been shown to play a critical role in self-renewing somatic epithelia, fine-tuning the balance between development, differentiation, and cancer, particularly in the case of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which in aggregate, outnumber all other human cancers. Along with the development of targeted inhibitors of epitranscriptomic modulators (e.g., METTL3) now entering clinical trials, the field holds significant promise for treating these abundant cancers. Here, we present the most current summary of this work, while also highlighting the therapeutic potential of these discoveries.
Isokinetic Profile of Elite Serbian Female Judoists
Authors: Blach Wieslaw , Drapsin Miodrag , Lakicevic Nemanja , Bianco Antonino , Gavrilovic Tamara , Roklicer Roberto , Trivic Tatjana , Cvjeticanin Ognjen , Drid Patrik , Kostrzewa Maciej
Published: June 2021

Elite judo athletes undergo vigorous training to achieve outstanding results. In pursuit of achieving competitive success, the occurrence of injuries amongst judo athletes is not rare. The study aimed to perform a knee flexors and extensors isokinetic torque analysis in elite female judo athletes. Fifty-eight elite female judo athletes of the Serbian national team (21.02 ± 3.11 years; 62.36 ± 11.91 kg, 165.04 ± 10.24 cm, training experience 12.72 ± 2.98 years) volunteered to participate in this study. The range of motion (ROM) was set at 90°. Testing was performed in a concentric-concentric mode for the testing speed of 60 °/s. Five maximal voluntary contractions of knee extensors and knee flexors muscle groups were measured for both legs. The obtained data showed a statistically significant difference in absolute torque values among different categories as heavier athletes demonstrated higher values. Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between weight categories, as heavier athletes demonstrated higher values, while no significant differences in normalized torque values for different weight categories were observed. The implementation of new elements and training modalities may improve performance and prevent lateral asymmetry, thus reducing the risk of injury.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Hungarian High School Students
Authors: Kapus Krisztian , Nyulas Rita , Nemeskeri Zsolt , Zadori Ivan , Muity Gyorgy , Kiss Julianna , Feher Andrea , Fejes Eva , Tibold Antal , Feher Gergely
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The extensive availability of the internet has led to the recognition of problematic internet use (so-called internet addiction—IA) mostly concerning adolescents. Aim: Here, we present a study focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction in Hungarian high school students, using a questionnaire-based survey. Results: Overall, 3000 paper-based questionnaires were successfully delivered and 2540 responses were received (response rate of 84.6%). A total of 1309 males (mean age 17.6 ± 1.43 years) (51.5%) and 1231 females (mean age 17.5 ± 1.4 years) (48.5%) took part in our study. Internet addiction was detected in 486 (19.1%) students (232 males, mean age 17.6 ± 1.35 years, and 254 females, mean age 17.34 ± 1.37 years) based on the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis, age (age of 17, OR = 3.688, p < 0.001), family status (living without parents) (OR = 2.091, p = 0.034), the size of the household (more than five people per household) (OR = 2.546, p = 0.026), spending more than 6 h online (OR = 5.457, p < 0.001), and daily time interval (OR = 84.316, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with internet addiction. Alcohol use (OR = 10.341, p = 0.001), drug intake (OR = 6.689, p = 0.001) and musculoskeletal disorders (OR = 3.966, p = 0.047) were also strongly associated with IA. Conclusion: A significant proportion of our students suffered from IA, which is associated with substance intake (possible abuse) and musculoskeletal pain in the multivariate analysis. Our study also draws attention to the preventable risk factors of IA, such as working hours or nighttime internet use, number of hours spent online and family surroundings.
Baduanjin Qigong Intervention by Telerehabilitation (TeleParkinson): A Proof-of-Concept Study in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Carvalho Livia P. , Décary Simon , Beaulieu-Boire Isabelle , Dostie Rosalie , Lalonde Isabelle , Texier Émilie , Laprise Laurence , Pepin Elizabeth , Gilbert Mélodie , Corriveau Hélène , Tousignant Michel
Published: June 2021

Many people living with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) face issues with healthcare services, including delays in diagnosis and treatment, as well as limited access to specialized care, including rehabilitation programs. Non-motor and motor signs and symptoms typically observed in people with PD, such as tremor, rigidity, postural instability, bradykinesia, and freezing are particularly disabling and have been associated with falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and a worse quality of life. Baduanjin Qigong (BDJ) programs have been proven potentially effective in improving physical outcomes and reducing the incidence of falls in PD. The aim of this case report, proof-of-concept, study was to explore the adherence, feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a BDJ program offered via telerehabilitation in people with PD living in the community. Two participants performed semi-supervised exercise sessions at home, twice a week (over eight weeks) using the TeraPlus platform. Adherence, adverse events, and feasibility (technical implementability), acceptability (patient satisfaction), patient-reported, self-reported, and performance outcomes were measured. Results were based on single-subject descriptive data, minimal detectable change, and anchor-based minimally important difference. Our findings suggest that the intervention seems feasible with no major technical issues or adverse events, and high adherence; acceptable (patient satisfaction); and potentially effective to improve markers of walking performance (gait speed, balance), and quality of life (activities of daily living, mobility).
Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling to Analyze the Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Textile Fabrics Used in Oilfield Workers’ Clothing
Authors: Mandal Sumit , Mazumder Nur-Us-Shafa , Agnew Robert J. , Grover Indu Bala , Song Guowen , Li Rui
Published: June 2021

Most of the fatalities and injuries of oilfield workers result from inadequate protection and comfort by their clothing under various work hazards and ambient environments. Both the thermal protective performance and thermo-physiological comfort performance of textile fabrics used in clothing significantly contribute to the mitigation of workers’ skin burns and heat-stress-related deaths. This study aimed to apply the ANN modeling approach to analyze clothing performance considering the wearers’ sweat moisture and the microclimate air gap that is generated in between their body and clothing. Firstly, thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fire protective textiles used in oilfield workers’ clothing were characterized. Different fabric properties (e.g., thickness, weight, fabric count), thermal protective performance, and thermo-physiological comfort performance were measured. The key fabric property that affects thermal protective and thermo-physiological performance was identified as thickness by statistical analysis. The ANN modeling approach could be successfully implemented to analyze the performance of fabrics in order to predict the performance more conveniently based on the fabric properties. It is expected that the developed models could inform on-duty oilfield workers about protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance and provide them with occupational health and safety.
Correlation between Primary, Secondary Stability, Bone Density, Percentage of Vital Bone Formation and Implant Size
Authors: Ivanova Vasilena , Chenchev Ivan , Zlatev Stefan , Mijiritsky Eitan
Published: June 2021

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether there is a correlation between implant stability, bone density, vital bone formation and implant diameter and length. Methods: Ninety patients were enrolled in this study. They underwent a socket preservation procedure with allograft or PRF and after 4 months, a total of 90 implants were placed. CBCT scans were assigned prior to implant placement in order to assess the bone density. During the surgical re-entry, a bone biopsy was harvested with a trephine drill. Immediately after implant insertion, the primary stability was measured. The secondary stability was measured 4 months after implant placement. Results: Primary stability showed a significant positive linear correlation with bone density (r = 0.471, p < 0.001) as well as with percentage of new bone formation (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). An average significant association of secondary stability with bone density (rs = 0.498, p < 0.001) and percentage of newly formed bone (r = 0.477, p < 0.001) was revealed. The mean values of primary stability in all three implant sizes, regarding the diameter of the implants, were similar (narrow 67.75; standard 66.78; wide 71.21) with no significant difference (p = 0.262). The same tendency was observed for secondary stability (narrow 73.83; standard 75.25; wide 74.93), with no significant difference (p = 0.277). Conclusions: The study revealed a high correlation between primary and secondary implant stability, and bone density, as well as with the percentage of vital bone formation. Implant length and diameter revealed no linear correlation with the implant stability.
Structural Violence and Health-Related Outcomes in Europe: A Descriptive Systematic Review
Authors: Macassa Gloria , McGrath Cormac , Rashid Mamunur , Soares Joaquim
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there has been a revival of the term “structural violence (SV)” which was coined by Johan Galtung in the 1960s in the context of Peace Studies. “Structural violence” refers to social structures—economic, legal, political, religious, and cultural—that prevent individuals, groups and societies from reaching their full potential. In the European context, very few studies have investigated health and well-being using an SV perspective. Therefore, this paper sought to systematically and descriptively review studies that used an SV framework to examine health-related outcomes across European countries. The review included two studies each from Spain and France, one each from the UK, Ukraine and Russia, and another study including the three countries Sweden, Portugal and Germany. With the exception of one mixed-method study, the studies used a qualitative design. Furthermore, the eight studies in the review used different conceptualizations of SV, which indicates the complexity of using SV as a concept in public health in the European context. Future research that attempts to identify and standardize measures of SV is needed; the knowledge gained is hoped to inform appropriate interventions aiming to reduce the effects of SV on population health.
Learning from and Leveraging Multi-Level Changes in Responses to the COVID 19 Pandemic to Facilitate Breast Cancer Prevention Efforts
Authors: Bowen Deborah J. , Rentscher Kelly E. , Wu Amy , Darien Gwen , Haile Helen Ghirmai , Mandelblatt Jeanne , Kavanaugh-Lynch Marion
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had multilevel effects on non-COVID-19 health and health care, including deferral of routine cancer prevention and screening and delays in surgical and other procedures. Health and health care use has also been affected by pandemic-related loss of employer-based health insurance, food and housing disruptions, and heightened stress, sleep disruptions and social isolation. These disruptions are projected to contribute to excess non-COVID-19 deaths over the coming decades. At the same time municipalities, health systems and individuals are making changes in response to the pandemic, including modifications in the environmental to promote health, implementation of telehealth platforms, and shifts towards greater self-care and using remote platforms to maintain social connections. We used a multi-level biopsychosocial model to examine the available literature on the relationship between COVID-19-related changes and breast cancer prevention to identify current gaps in knowledge and identify potential opportunities for future research. We found that COVID-19 has impacted several aspects of social and economic life, through a variety of mechanisms, including unemployment, changes in health care delivery, changes in eating and activity, and changes in mental health. Some of these changes should be reduced, while others should be explored and enhanced.
Factors Affecting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors among University Students in Beijing, China: An Empirical Study Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Li Jiabin , Liu Xianwei , Zou Yang , Deng Yichu , Zhang Meng , Yu Miaomiao , Wu Dongjiao , Zheng Hao , Zhao Xinliang
Published: June 2021

Higher education institutions (HEIs), among other social systems, have an irreplaceable role in combating COVID-19. However, we know little about institutional and individual factors that might facilitate university students’ beliefs and behaviors toward preventive behaviors for COVID-19 within the higher education context. Our study applies an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to investigate the structural relationships among the institutional climate, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and preventive behaviors of university students and to detect the moderating impacts of perceived risk on the structural model. Data were collected from 3693 university students at 18 universities in Beijing, China through an online survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup analysis were performed to examine the empirical model. The results reveal that (1) the institutional climate has a significant, direct effect on preventive behaviors for COVID-19 among university students, (2) the TPB components, namely attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, partially mediate the relationship between the institutional climate and preventive behaviors for COVID-19, and (3) perceived risk moderates several paths in the model. Theoretical and practical implications are offered, and recommendations for future research are outlined.