bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the application of green accounting based on university social responsibility at Universities in Pontianak
Authors: Prasetyo Henri , Indriani Ika Kurnia , Widodo Agus
Published: December 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to know the difference of university social responsibility on green accounting implementation at Tanjungpura University with other universities in Pontianak City.  Green accounting is a style of accounting that describes efforts to incorporate environmental benefits and costs into making economic decisions or business financial results.Method - The objects of this research are audit committee, internal auditors, internal supervisory units and officers, lecturers, or staff at universities in Pontianak City who know about responsibility in managing the environment. This study uses accidental sampling in Tanjungpura University, Pontianak State Polytechnic, Muhammadiyah University of Pontianak, and Panca Bhakti University. The data analysis in this study was done by using Mann Whitney U-test.  Result - The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences between the Tanjungpura University with other universities in Pontianak City on environmental involvement, environmental reporting, and environmental audit; while for environmental concern, there is no difference between the University Tanjungpura with other universities in the Pontianak City.Implication - Universities in Pontianak City are suggested to improve their performance related to the environment, especially in environmental involvement, environmental reporting, and environmental audit.Originality - This research is the first study that used four universities as the research objects.
Big data em periódicos da área de Ciência da Informação
Authors: Ribeiro Nivaldo Calixto
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se neste artigo analisar como têm sido abordadas as temáticas: big data e a ciência aberta em periódicos da área de Ciência da Informação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica baseada em artigos de periódicos científicos sobre os temas big data e a ciência aberta. Foram analisados artigos de 21 periódicos especializados na área de Ciência da Informação, sendo 3 com classificação Qualis A1, 3 como A2 e 15 títulos como B1, quadriênio 2013-2016. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de pesquisa na opção de busca das páginas oficiais dos periódicos selecionados, para período de 2000 a 2019. Foi utilizado como estratégia de busca o termo big data  e foram recuperados 88 artigos.  Do total de artigos recuperados sobre o big data, 6 o tratam no contexto da ciência de dados e 13, com lentes voltadas para a ciência aberta. Os demais artigos foram desconsiderados. Concluiu-se que 2019 e 2016 foram os anos em que houve mais publicações sobre os temas. Com esse estudo, observou-se o espaço que as temáticas vem ganhando em periódicos da área de Ciência da Informação.
Economic Cooperation Between Russia and China in the Context of Modernization of their National Economies
Authors: Stepanov N. S. , Sokolovskaya E. A.
Published: December 2020

The current model of state regulation in China has allowed it to take a special place in the modern process of reformatting the system of international economic relations. This model, based on a combination of strategic and indicative planning, market competition, and targeted lending to significant government projects, allowed us to ensure not only the growth of consumption, but also the development of investment platforms aimed at reducing risks, creating social entrepreneurship institutions, and so on. Strengthening economic cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation is an important factor in solving not only the internal problems of both countries, but also strengthening stability in the far Eastern region. The article analyzes the problems of Russian-Chinese cooperation related to the increase in financial flows between the two countries, mutual investment, the lack of existing bilateral effective and reliable settlement channels and payment systems, etc. In General, strengthening cooperation between Russia and China is an important component of the structural modernization of the domestic economy.
TOP-50 Professions in Demand Requiring a Secondary Vocational Education: Experience of Application and Approaches to Update
Authors: Voloshina I. A. , Savina N. M. , Kozlova L. V.
Published: December 2020

In the face of intense technological changes, the issues of highlighting the most sought after professions, including workers and mid-level professionals, to determine priorities in vocational education are particularly relevant. The article presents the results of a study dedicated to the experience of using the list of 50 professions most in demand in the labor market requiring secondary vocational education (hereinafter the list of top 50) in the regions. It has been established that most often in the regions the list of top 50 is used to determine the professions for the implementation of vocational education and training, the formation of control figures for admission to professional educational organizations and to determine the directions for the development of vocational education in the region. The top 50 list is the basis for the formation of regional lists of the most in-demand professions (top-region) that meet the needs of regional labor markets. This determines the need for regular (once every three years) updating of these lists. Based on the results of the study, proposals were formed on the formation of lists of demanded professions, which were taken into account when preparing an updated list of the top 50.
VERTEBROBASILAR BLOOD FLOW IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH HIP FRACTURES
Authors: Aydın Ekrem
Published: December 2020

Background: Falls constitute a problem especially in individuals aged above 70 years in terms of fracture formation. Considering the etiology of falling, insufficiency of the blood flow which feeds the balance center in the brain may cause postural hypotension and vertigo and may lead to falling. Objective: In this study, we emphasized the importance of evaluating vertebrobasilar blood flow in the etiology of fractures in the elderly. Methods: This study was executed on 48 patients aged 70 years and older (28 females, 20 males, mean age 80.45), who were presented to the emergency department of Dumlupınar University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital with hip fractures resulting from a simple fall around where they live, diagnosed with hip fractures and treated via joint prostheses or different internal and external fixation methods. After the stabilization of the patients' postoperative fractures, the carotid artery lumen and blood flow, vertebral arterial lumen, diameter and blood flow were examined via doppler ultrasonography. The control group was comprised of 48 patients aged 70 years and older (26 females, 22 males, mean age 75.52 years) who were presented to the Polyclinic of Neurology for routine examination and had no falling and fracture history, and the carotid artery and vertebral artery examination of this group was also performed by the same radiologist via doppler ultrasonography Results: In individuals aged above 70 years, temporary cerebral blood flow disorders are more severe in those with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. This study was conducted between 2015-2016 on 48 patients aged 70 years and older (28 females and 20 males), who were presented to the emergency department of Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital and hospitalized due to hip fractures; the control group was comprised of 48 patients within the same age group, who were presented to the Polyclinic of Neurology with different complaints (26 females and 22 males).The vertebral arterial diameters and flow velocities of the patients were assessed via Doppler USG. Conclusion: The vertebral arterial diameters and flow velocities were found statistically lower in the patient group with fracture formation resulting from falling.We recommend taking precautions against the risk of falling in patients aged above 70 years who are found to have a flow decrease through carotid artery doppler USG at certain intervals.
Metrological traceability of reference measurement procedures
Authors: Sulaberidze V. D. , Skorniakova E.
Published: December 2020

Metrological traceability is a key concept of measurement uniformity assurance, characterizing the property of a measurement result, according to which it can be correlated with a reference for comparison through a documented continuous chain of calibrations, each of which contributes to measurement uncertainty. A unit of measurement through its practical implementation, or a measurement technique that includes a unit of measurement for quantities other than ordinal, or a standard can serve as a basis for comparison. However, for many objects in biotechnology and medicine a system for confirming the correctness and required accuracy of the measurement result cannot be implemented. The paper discusses methods and schemes for the implementation of the principle of metrological traceability in the absence of a chain of metrological traceability of the measurement result to a measurement standard. A calibration hierarchy scheme is proposed that combines measurements based on reference measurement procedure and reference materials certified with their help, carried out in the chemical industry and medicine.
Microscopic Examination of Foot Joints Components in Charcot Arthropathy Complicated by Osteomyelitis
Authors: Stupina T. A. , Migalkin N. S. , Shchudlo M. M. , Sudnitsyn A. S. , Mezentsev I. N.
Published: December 2020

Background. Charcot arthropathy is a serious medical and social problem. Histological studies of foot joints components in Charcot arthropathy complicated by osteomyelitis are few. The purpose of this study was to assess structural changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the foot joints in Charcot arthropathy complicated by osteomyelitis. Materials and Methods. The bone-cartilage fragments of the ankle, subtalar and metatarsophalangeal joints with the surrounding soft tissues of 20 patients with Charcot arthropathy complicated by chronic osteomyelitis were examined. Part of the material was fixed in neutral formalin. All samples were subjected to standard histological processing. Paraffin sections were stained by Masson’s tricolor method, hematoxylin and eosin. Part of the material was embedded in epoxy resins. Then semi-thin sections were stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsin. Histological preparations were studied by digitizing images under the AxioScope A1 microscope (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Germany).The phase of chronic osteomyelitis inflammation was assessed semi-quantitatively using the histopathological scale by A. Tiemann et al. (2014). Results. In 80% of the patients, the inflammatory phase of chronic osteomyelitis was characterized as active and subacute. In all cases, the areas with full-layer of articular cartilage unweaving, up to the subchondral zone, with cartilaginous tissue fragments rejection into the joint cavity were revealed. Cytoarchitectonics was disrupted. The main part of chondrocytes was in a state of destruction. The articular surface was covered with pannus. There were no basophilic line and the zone of calcified cartilage. The hyaline cartilage was replaced by granulation and/or fibrous tissue. An inflammatory infiltrates was noted in the superficial and deep areas of the cartilage. The impairment of the structure and/or complete absence of the subchondral bone due to the high activity of osteoclasts in the subchondral zone were revealed. An excessive amount of osteoclasts at the border with the articular cartilage was noted, while the signs of reparative bone formation were poorly expressed. Edema and thickening of the vascular walls of the microvasculature were recorded. Conclusion. The microscopic examination of the foot joints in Charcot arthropathy complicated by osteomyelitis revealed structural impairment and/or complete absence of the subchondral bone due to the high activity of osteoclasts in the subchondral zone. Structural changes in the subchondral bone and synovial pannus led to irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and the penetration of infection. These should be taken into account in surgical planning.
Metallic Mercury in the Soft Tissues of the Hand: Case Report
Authors: Chulovskaya I. G. , Egiazaryan K. A. , Lyadova M. V. , Kosmynin V. S. , Strelka T. V.
Published: December 2020

Background. The likelihood of foreign bodies presence in the wound exists in almost any injury to the skin. The consequences of their ingress into the body are extremely varied: from the complete absence of symptoms to systemic toxicity, depending both on the nature of the embedded agent and on the way of its penetration. The data of the anamnesis and clinical examination of foreign bodies are not always convincing, and the results of conventional radiography, even with X-ray-positive foreign bodies, are often nonspecific. The parenteral ingression of metallic mercury is rare. In contrast to its access through the respiratory or digestive tract, this route has not been adequately studied. This clinical report is devoted to the clinical case of deliberate self-administration of metallic mercury into the soft tissues of the upper limb. Clinical case description. A 24-year-old patient sought medical help 2 years after the injury and tried to hide its circumstances during taking his anamnesis. Ultrasound played a decisive role in making the diagnosis (foreign body) and revealing its nature (metallic mercury). This indicates the high information content and specificity of ultrasound which exceeded the X-ray capabilities. Despite no signs of general and local toxicity, the presence of mercury in the body is unacceptable and requires the surgical treatment. Our case showed that mercury in soft tissues was limited to granuloma or was fixed inside fibrous tissue. This made it possible to remove it radically. Conclusion. Our observation suggests that ultrasound, in contrast to X-ray, is able to present a specific picture of the existence of metallic mercury in soft tissues. Therefore, it is advisable to include ultrasound in the examination algorithm if any foreign body (especially mercury) is suspected to detect or clarify its nature. If mercury is detected in soft tissues, the radical surgical treatment can be successfully performed, since the reaction of tissues around the mercury material (in the form of granuloma and the confinement of mercury spheres in a conglomerate of fibrous tissue) makes it possible to avoid the spread of mercury along the wound channel.
Morphological Changes in the Tibial Nerve During the Treatment of Large Tibia Defects Using Ilizarov Apparatus Combining with the Masquelet Technique: Experimental Study
Authors: Varsegova T. N. , Diuriagina O. V. , Emanov A. A. , Mokhovikov D. S. , Borzunov D. Yu.
Published: December 2020

Background. The use of Masquelet technology in combination with non-free osteoplasty according to Ilizarov in order to compensate large defects of the lower leg bones provides proper bone union and recurrence-free course of the disease, but the problem of patient rehabilitation remains relevant. The course and duration of the recovery period depend on the morphofunctional state of the tibial nerves. The purpose of this study was to determine morphological changes in the tibia nerve of dogs during the experimental treatment of large tibial defects using Ilizarov apparatus combining with the Masquelet technique. Materials and Methods. A defect of the upper third of the tibia in the form of false joint was created in 10 mongrel dogs. Then this defect was replaced with 25 mm diastasis, into which a cement spacer was placed. After 30 days, the latter was removed. At the level of the lower third, transverse osteotomy was performed, as well as distraction of 1 mm rate for 4 times per day, until complete contact of the fragments in the defect zone. The tibial nerves were studied within the periods of 60 days of fixation (F60) and 30 days after the fixator removal (FR30). Results. There were no mechanical damages of the nerves. During the experiment a part of epineural veins and arteries had obliterated lumens, two-fold decrease in the numerical density of endoneural arterioles, venules and capillaries was observed in FR30 — 97.5±2.5 in 1 mm2 (normally — 182.0±22.0), that evidenced of microcirculatory disorders progressing towards the end of the experiment. Patterns of Wallerian degeneration were found along with typical damages to fibers during distraction osteosynthesis demyelination and axonal degeneration. In F60 the proportion of modified fibers was 7.7±1.5%, which was 4.8 times higher (р = 0.52×10-5) above normal, the numerical densities and dimensional characteristics of fibers decreased. At the end of the experiment, the proportion of modified conductors 2.3-fold exceeded the norm (p = 0.33×10-4) — 3.7±0.4%, the numerical density of fibers remained 10.2% below the norm (p = 0.0362), making up 17436±865, but the average axon diameter and thickness of myelin sheaths were restored. Conclusion. Microcirculatory dysfunction, axonal atrophy, demyelination, Wallerian degeneration of a part of myelin nerve fibers and a decrease in their number revealed in the tibial nerves during the treatment of large tibia defects using the Masquelet technique combining with Ilizarov non-free bone grafting indicated the need for the use of adequate neurometabolic pharmacotherapy and effective rehabilitation.
Parámetros genéticos de caracteres de crecimiento en un ensayo de progenies de Pinus oocarpa
Authors: Fabián-Plesníková Irenka , Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc , Cruz de León José , Martínez-Trujillo Miguel , Sánchez Vargas Nahum M.
Published: December 2020

Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. es una de las especies forestales en México de mayor importancia ecológica (por su amplia distribución geográfica) y económica (por la extracción de su resina en poblaciones naturales). Una resinación más intensiva requerirá de plantaciones comerciales, que podrían ser multipropósito: resina y madera. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el control genético (heredabilidad) de caracteres de crecimiento (altura total, ALT), diámetro a la base del tallo (DIAM) y diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), de progenies de medios hermanos de árboles originalmente seleccionados para producción de resina. Esto con la finalidad de valorar la factibilidad de un programa de mejoramiento genético multipropósito. Se estableció un ensayo de progenies en el año 2011 en Michoacán, México con 27 familias de medios hermanos en un diseño de 10 bloques completos al azar. A los cinco años después de la plantación, los promedios fueron ALT = 5.5 m, DIAM = 13.4 cm y DAP = 10.4 cm. Hubo diferencias significativas entre familias para todos los caracteres. La heredabilidad a nivel individual (h2i) fue: ALT = 0.15, DIAM = 0.22 y DAP = 0.17; a nivel media de familias (h2f) fue de 0.44, 0.54 y 0.47, respectivamente. A una intensidad de selección de mejores individuos de i=1.4, las ganancias genéticas para ALT, DIAM y DAP fueron de 3.9%, 5.2% y 5.0%, respectivamente. De demostrarse posteriormente asociación entre diámetro y producción de resina, sería factible incrementar ambos, mediante selección de individuos con mayores diámetros.
Potencial da madeira de Pinus glabra para produção de polpa celulósica
Authors: Vivian Magnos Alan , Modes Karina Soares , Caetano Ana Paula
Published: December 2020

Há mais de um século as espécies de Pinus estão presentes no Brasil, com destaque para o Pinus taeda, com aplicações em diversos setores. Entretanto o Pinus glabra, objeto deste estudo, não conta com muitas informações sobre o potencial tecnológico de sua madeira. Assim o objetivo do estudo é inferir sobre a qualidade da madeira do P. glabra para produção de polpa celulósica, comparando-a ao P. taeda, principal espécie empregada para fabricação de polpa celulósica de fibra longa no Brasil. Para isso foram abatidas quatro árvores, das quais retiraram-se discos visando a caracterização física, química e anatômica da madeira. Em relação a densidade básica (massa seca/volume verde), observaram-se os valores médio e ponderado de 0,421 g/cm-3 e 0,424 g/cm-3, respectivamente, o que a classifica como de baixa densidade. Na caracterização anatômica obtiveram-se os valores médios de comprimento de 3,14 mm, largura de 27,18 µm, diâmetro do lúmen de 15,39 µm e espessura da parede de 5,89 µm dos traqueídeos, que resultaram em 44,72%, 55,28%, 0,90 e 120,72 para os parâmetros de fração parede, coeficiente de flexibilidade, índice de Runkel e índice de enfeltramento, respectivamente. Para a composição química foram observados baixos teores de cinzas (0,25%) e extrativos (1,91%), e teores intermediários de lignina (29,93%) e holocelulose (67,91%). Desta forma a madeira de P. glabra apresenta potencial para produção de polpa celulósica, o qual deve ser comprovado por meio de ensaios de polpação.
Estructura y carbono específico en una cronosecuencia de sistemas agroforestales de Teobroma cacao L. en Tabasco, México
Authors: Salvador-Morales Pedro , Martínez-Sánchez Jose Luis , Cámara Cabrales Luisa , Zequeira Ramos Carolina
Published: December 2020

Ante el impacto que representa el cambio de uso de suelo en la pérdida de biodiversidad y deterioro del medio ambiente, los sistemas agroforestales de cacao de sombra son una alternativa para la conservación de biodiversidad y almacén de carbono. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el efecto de la edad de los sistemas agroforestales de cacao en la diversidad arbórea y almacenes de carbono de su vegetación de sombra. Se compararon 258 parcelas distribuidas en once sistemas agroforestales entre 10 años y 70 años, totalizando 7.87 ha. Dentro de cada parcela se midió el diámetro normal (DN) y altura total de todos los árboles >5 cm (DN) para estimar su biomasa aérea con una ecuación general y otra específica, y conocer la discrepancia de ambos métodos. Los sistemas agroforestales de 70 años presentaron en promedio más especies arbóreas por hectárea (23), índice de diversidad Shannon (2.0) y almacén de carbono (75 Mg ha-1) que los de 10 años (p < 0.01; 10 Mg ha-1, 1.1 Mg ha-1 y 36 Mg ha-1; respectivamente). La ecuación alométrica específica estimó 27.7% (p = 0.05) más biomasa aérea que la ecuación general, por lo que se considera de mayor precisión para estos sistemas agroforestales en particular, y se recomienda su uso para estos tipos de vegetación. Se concluye que, particularmente para México, conservar sistemas agroforestales de cacao de edad madura contribuye a la conservación de la biodiversidad arbórea y almacenes de carbono de la vegetación tropical, asemejando relictos de la vegetación original.
Percepciones de los docentes y directivos sobre los procesos de transformación de los planes de mejoramiento institucional
Authors: Díaz Pérez Rafael Antonio , Torres Argumedo Jorge Eliecer
Published: December 2020

Este artículo devela las percepciones docentes y directivos, sobre los procesos de transformación de los Planes de Mejoramiento Institucional (PMI). Parte del análisis reflexivo y colectivo de los PMI de las instituciones educativas Policarpa Salavarrieta y Victoria Manzur de Montería, para la generación de acciones conducentes al fortalecimiento de los procesos institucionales y pedagógicos. Se empleó un método de investigación cualitativa, con diseño metodológico Investigación-Acción, organizado en cuatro fases: aproximación que da origen a los propósitos investigativos, producto de la revisión y análisis de los PMI; reflexión proporcionó pautas para el diseño de plan de acción, producto del grupo de discusión y el fortalecimiento del marco teórico; aplicación como un acercamiento a la realidad de los PMI y su relevancia en las instituciones educativas, finalmente la evaluación, que proporciona el resultado obtenido. El estudio muestra variadas percepciones sobre los PMI, en relación a la participación de los docentes y los directivos, evidenciando un bajo nivel de actuación; pero, la dinámica implementada, permitió vislumbrar cambios en la adopción, elaboración y ejecución de los PMI, permitiendo ir dándole un nuevo sentido a las acciones de mejora en los establecimientos educativos objeto de estudio.
Pertinencia de prácticas pedagógicas de docentes en el marco de la Pedagogía para el Encuentro
Authors: Puche Arrieta Abraham Antonio
Published: December 2020

El objetivo general de la investigación fue comprender la pertinencia y el sentido de las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes del Liceo León de Greiff de Cereté, en el marco del modelo pedagógico “Pedagogía para el encuentro”. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa con método etnográfico. Se trabajó con una muestra conformada por seis docentes escogidos bajo criterios de antigüedad y nivel educativo de desempeño, a quienes se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada para conocer aspectos como: practicas pedagógicas, conocimiento del modelo pedagógico Pedagogía para el Encuentro, articulación de las prácticas pedagógicas con el modelo pedagógico institucional, educación pertinente, pertinencia de la practica pedagógica y la relación del modelo pedagógico con una educación pertinente. Los resultados muestran que los docentes aplican el modelo pedagógico institucional para lograr la formación integral de los estudiantes, las categorías resultantes del análisis hermenéutico fueron las siguientes; desarrollo de competencias  integrales, interestructurante, docente mediador, educación inclusiva, producto educativo es excelente, se da un proceso de metacognición tanto del estudiante como del docente, conocimiento interdisciplinario y pertinencia pedagógica. Se concluyó, que el desempeño de los  docentes en las prácticas pedagógicas es pertinentes en el marco de la pedagogía para el encuentro destacándose en realizar una buena gestión de la enseñanza.
Implementation of a Teleophthalmology Screening Network Using a Novel Handheld Fundus Camera on a Remote Island: Physician and Patient Perceptions from Real World Experience (Preprint)
Authors: Yeh Tsai-Chu , Lo Kang-Jung , Hwang De-Kuang , Lin Tai-Chi , Chou Yu-Bai
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

While teleophthalmology is gaining traction in recent years, it is taking center stage in the COVID-19 pandemics. However, most hospitals are yet ready due to a severe lack of real-world experience. Furthermore, there are limited number of studies evaluating the telemedicine application on remote islands.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the real-world clinical and referral accuracy, image quality, physician perceived diagnostic certainty, and patient satisfaction of a telemedicine eye screening using a novel handheld fundus camera in a rural and medically underserved population.

METHODS

This prospective study enrolled 176 eyes from a remote island. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Nonmydriatic retinal images obtained using a handheld fundus camera were reviewed by two retinal specialists to determine the image quality, diagnosis, and need for referrals. The agreement of diagnosis between image-based assessments was compared to that of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopic assessment.

RESULTS

Image quality of fundus photograph was considered ideal or acceptable in 97.7% and 95.5% eyes. There was considerable agreement in diagnosis between the indirect ophthalmoscopic assessment and image-based assessment by two reviewers (Cohen’s kappa=0.80 and 0.78, respectively). Likewise, substantial agreement in referrals was achieved. The sensitivity for referable retinopathy from the two reviewers was 78% [95% CI, 57%-91%] and 78% [95% CI, 57%-91%], whereas specificity was 99% [95% CI, 95%-99%] and 98% [95% CI, 93%-99%], respectively. For physician perceived certainty in diagnosis, 93.8% and 90.3% were considered either certain or reliable. Overall, 97.4% of participants were satisfied with their experience and greatly valued the telemedicine service.

CONCLUSIONS

The novel fundus camera-based telemedicine screening demonstrated high accuracy in detecting clinically significant retinopathy in real-world settings. It achieved high patient satisfaction and physician perceived certainty in diagnosis with reliable image quality, which may be scaled internationally to overcome the geographical barriers under global pandemic.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Pregnancy And COVID-19-Related Online Information: An Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wyszynski Diego
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

One year since the first reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) has infected more than 75 million people in 218 countries and caused the loss of life of close to 1.7 million persons. The effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy on obstetric, neonatal, and infant health are still poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to identify topics and questions regarding COVID-19 and pregnancy most frequently discussed in websites with high traffic.

METHODS

To carry out this study, 50 websites were selected on the basis of having high domain authority ranking and a section dedicated to questions and answers about COVID-19 and pregnancy. The questions were extracted and analyzed.

RESULTS

About 15% of all questions were related to mother-to-baby COVID-19 transmission. Close to 10% of the questions discussed whether the hospital is a safe environment for pregnant women, especially to visit for touring and for prenatal and postnatal care. Approximately 8.6% provided recommendations on how to protect mothers and their babies during pregnancy and after birth. Another frequently asked question was regarding hospital visitors: about 8% discussed the hospital policy regarding bringing a supporting person during labor and delivery. A similar proportion provided guidelines on what to do when a pregnant woman tests positive for COVID-19. Additionally, it is important to understand some of the pitfalls of getting information about COVID-19 and pregnancy from online sources.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights gaps in information available on websites related to COVID-19 and pregnancy and emphasizes the need for verified online sources that provide evidence-based health information related to maternal-fetal health and the novel coronavirus pandemic.
Reliability of quantitative ultrasound measurement of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles in stroke
Authors: Kenis-Coskun Ozge , Giray Esra , Gencer-Atalay Zeynep Kardelen , Yagci Ilker , Karadag-Saygi Evrim
Published: December 2020

Aim:
This study aims to investigate reliability of quantitative ultrasound measurement of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles in stroke.
Materials & methods:
Patients with a history of stroke were recruited. FDP and FDS muscles on both upper extremities were investigated with ultrasound. Two independent assessors acquired images and analyzed them using a program and Heckmatt scale.
Results:
Forty-eight patients were included. The inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient for echo intensities was calculated as 0.91 while intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient as 0.80. For Heckmatt scale, the inter-rater reliability for FDS was Kw = 0.74 (p < 0.0005) and for FDP it was Kw = 0.73 (p < 0.0005). Mean echo intensity values showed significant strong correlations with Heckmatt scores (r = 0.663 and r = 0.633 with both p values <0.001).
Conclusion:
Quantitative ultrasound imaging of FDS and FDP is a reliable method to demonstrate echo intensity changes of muscles in stroke.
Core temperature monitoring during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: a quality improvement descriptive study
Authors: Burey Laura , Lui Briana , White Robert S , Tangel Virginia E , Kjaer Klaus
Published: December 2020

Aim:
To analyze intraoperative temperature change over time following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery using temperature enabled Foley catheters.
Materials & methods:
512 records of women who underwent scheduled cesarean deliveries were retrospectively identified from January 1, 2018 through September 9, 2018 using our anesthesia information management system.
Results:
Median minimum temperature at min 1 following foley insertion was 35.24°C (interquartile range: 1.43), with an average of 12 minutes until temperature equilibration at median maximum temperature of 36.54°C (interquartile range 0.39). Temperature dropped to a nadir of 35.9°C at the 45 min mark, reflecting an average 0.64°C decline in temperature.
Conclusion:
Bladder temperature is a useful surrogate for core temperature and offers a practical solution to continuous temperature monitoring in awake patients.
Engagement styles in an environmental citizen science project
Authors: Golumbic Yaela , Baram-Tsabari Ayelet , Fishbain Barak
Published: December 2020

This paper identifies the diverse ways in which participants engage with science, through the same citizen science project. Using multiple data sources, we describe various activities conducted by citizen scientists in an air quality project, and characterize the motivations driving their engagement. Findings reveal several themes, indicative of participants motivations and engagement; worried residents, education and outreach, environmental action, personal interest and opportunistic engagement. The study further illustrates the interconnectivity between science communication and citizen science practices and calls for nurturing this relationship for the mutual advancement of both fields.
The 2010 Amendments and Hryniak v Mauldin: The Perspective of the Lawyers Who Have Lived Them
Authors: Kennedy Gerard J.
Published: December 2020

Through a survey of 90 lawyers with litigation experience, the author sought to determine the effects of recent amendments to Ontario procedural law [2010 Amendments] and a leading Supreme Court of Canada case [Hryniak] interpreting those amendments. The results were mixed. Most respondents viewed Hryniak and the 2010 Amendments as, overall, positive. But this was hardly a unanimous view. While Hryniak has certainly had effects, most respondents viewed the effectiveness of Hryniak and the 2010 Amendments to be limited, as other factors have intervened or remained as access to justice obstacles. While there was some perception that a culture shift has begun to emerge, the extent of that culture shift has been restricted. The responses did not lack all hope, but they ultimately suggest that the battle for access to civil justice must continue to be waged on multiple fronts.
Avaliação de alunos: construindo um parecer avaliativo de produção do e-Aval publicada entre 2008 e 2010
Authors: Amorim Michelle Ribeiro Lage de , Vilarinho Lúcia Regina Goulart , Leite Ligia Silva
Published: December 2020

Este Parecer, desenvolvido na disciplina Prática de Avaliação do Mestrado Profissional em Avaliação, da Faculdade Cesgranrio, teve por objetivo analisar 14 artigos publicados nos anos de 2008 a 2010, classificados no eixo temático Avaliação de Alunos, categoria Avaliação de Desempenho Cognitivo ou de Aprendizagem e incorporados ao banco de dados e-Aval deste curso. Nele, foram analisados os principais elementos constitutivos dessa produção científica, entre outros: o problema; objeto e objetivo de estudo; abordagem avaliativa e resultados. Verificou-se que apesar dos artigos apresentarem o termo “avaliação” em suas palavras-chave ou no título e se relacionarem de alguma forma à temática, não desenvolveram uma avaliação normativa que privilegiasse os aspectos da metodologia da avaliação e adotados na análise desses artigos.
Latvijas diasporas un remigrācijas apjoma novērtējums: metodoloģiskās pieejas un galvenie atzinumi
Authors: Hazans Mihails
Published: December 2020

Diasporas apjoms jānovērtē ar tiešām metodēm, izmantojot datus par valstspiederīgo un bijušo valstspiederīgo, kā arī Latvijā dzimušo personu un to pēcteču skaitu ārvalstīs
Piederības izjūta un atgriešanās plāni: kas mainījies Latvijas diasporā?
Authors: Koroļeva Ilze
Published: December 2020

Varbūtība, ka neplāno vairs atgriezties vai pieļauj iespēju atgriezties vecumdienās, ir nozīmīgi augstāka emigrantiem, kas atsvešinājušies no latviskā un nejūtas piederīgi Latvijai
Atgriešanās zaudētajā paradīzē: trimdas (diasporas) latviešu dzimtenes apciemojumi
Authors: Krūmiņa Maija
Published: December 2020

Tik daudzi trimdā pavadītie gadi daļā trimdas latviešu radīja disonansi starp vietas identitāti un piesaisti, kas noteikti iespaidoja lēmumu par pilnīgu atgriešanos vai neatgriešanos
Brīvība kā trimdas sociāldemokrātu politiskā balss – pirmie gadi (1948–1954): īss ieskats
Authors: Zaļkalne Lilita
Published: December 2020

LSDSP nepadevās vilinājumiem un spiedieniem, bet ieturēja savu virzienu visus gadu desmitus. LSDSP un Brīvība deva skaidru pretsvaru trimdas konservatīvajai politiskai nosliecei
Latvijas klimata un enerģētikas politikas mērķi, risinājumi un analīzes metodes
Authors: Cilinskis Einārs , Klāvs Gaidis , Reķis Jānis
Published: December 2020

Ievērojot modelēšanas rīku dažādību, ja iespējams un citas metodes nav acīmredzami labākas, priekšroka jādod metodēm un rīkiem, kas jau iepriekš izmantoti Latvijas pētījumos
Valentīnes Lasmanes gadsimta stāsts
Authors: Zirnīte Māra
Published: December 2020

Grāmatas Nakts nav tikai gulēšanai: Valentīnes Lasmanes dzīvesstāsts (Sak. G. Grūtups. Rīga: Mansards, 2020) apskats.
Trimdinieka dzīves tēlojums Astrīdas Stankes romānā How Long is Exile?
Authors: Priedīte Aija
Published: December 2020

Astrīdas Stankes (Stahnke) romāna angļu valodā How  Long  is Exile? (Cik gara ir trimda?) apskats.
Influence of Entrepreneurial Traits on the Performance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors:   University of Lagos, Nigeria, Okonji Patrick S. , Olayemi Olufemi O. ,   University of Lagos, Nigeria, Oghojafor Ben E. Akpoyomare ,   University of Lagos, Nigeria, Mgbe D. ,   University of Lagos, Nigeria
Published: December 2020

Factors such as political instability, government policies, infrastructural inadequacy and entrepreneurs’ non-possession of relevant personal characteristics are connected on the high failure rate of small businesses in Nigeria. On the back of these identified problems the study focused on Influence of entrepreneurial traits on the performance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Lagos State., Specifically, resilience, innovativeness, drive for achievement, and risk taking propensity were the entrepreneurship traits examined in relation to the performance of SMEs in Lagos state. Primary source of data through a questionnaire was used to achieve the stated objectives. Random sampling method was used to collate data of 125 entrepreneurs who participated in the study. Frequency tables and percentages were used for data presentation and the Regression analysis was used to test the formulated hypotheses, with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (version 21.0). The study summarised that there are significant relationships between the tested traits and the growth of SMEs in Nigeria. The study recommended that owner/ entrepreneurs should individually improve their skills in these critical traits’ areas. In addition, the government should provide institutional support in terms of training and development. Government should also create an enabling environment for business to thrive, through provision of infrastructures.
“The New Russia” and the Old Offenses: the Scandal around T. Draiser’s and D. Thompson’s Soviet Travelogues
Authors: Kuzina Daria D.
Published: December 2020

The article provides a detailed analysis of the circumstances of the literary scandal
concerning the publication of two travelogues about Soviet Russia — “Dreiser
Looks at Russia” (T. Dreiser) and “New Russia” (D. Thompson) in 1928 — and the
plagiarism charges that Thompson put forward against Dreiser. This paper examines
the background of this episode and its connection with the events of the subsequent
years: the Nobel Prize received by Lewis in 1930 and a dinner at the Metropolitan Club,
at which Dreiser gave a slap to Lewis (1931). These episodes are interpreted as the
result of the difficult relationship between Dreiser and Lewis built not only on personal
hostility but also on the rivalry of the writers of the two generations, one of which is
essentially the successor to the other. The conflict of interest between two journalists
(Dreiser and Thompson) made the confrontation between two writers (Dreiser and
Lewis) obvious. Extensive press materials from 1928–1931 were included in the
study. The article discusses all existing versions that explain the presence of literal
coincidences in the two travelogues. The article is followed by the publication of the
hitherto unpublished letters of Ruth Kennell, which she wrote to Dreiser in 1928–1929
concerning the plagiarism case are published.
The Function of Figurative Language in the Dialogue between Dickens and His Reader
Authors: Shevchenko Elizaveta A.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the function of figurative language in Dickens’s novels in the
light of its specific dialogism. Dickens’s dialogism mentioned by M. Bakhtin manifests
itself through the so-called double voicing and socio-ideological heteroglossia. It also
continues in the form of a dialogue between the author and the reader. The second type
of the dialogue includes the first one. The essay explores the hitherto understudied
influence of Dickens’s communicative urge for the continuous contact with his reader
in his fiction, including its discursive aspects. My research is an attempt to converge
these two approaches as I trace the interdependence and the process of transition
between the dialogue that develops in the frame of the voice orientation and the
dialogue between the author and reader that leads Dickens to extensive dialogism. The
analysis shows that the figurative discourse implements two functions: it intensifies
heteroglossia and at the same time clarifies the author’s intention and also organizes
the space of the author’s and reader’s communication, appealing to the reader to
emotionally engage in the process. Figurative and emotional force of Dickens’s
language is a means to strengthen the dialogical discourse and to multiply its forms.
“The Loneliness of the Incomprehensible Content”: Sergey Bobrov about Boris Pasternak
Authors: Sergeeva-Klyatis Anna Yu.
Published: December 2020

This is a publication of letters from Sergey Bobrov (1889–1971) to Eugeny and Elena
Pasternak. The letters were written in the mid-1960s, shortly after the death of Boris
Pasternak. They reflect Bobrov’s attempts to parse his archive as well as his reaction
to the book entitled Pasternak by a French Slavist Jacqueline de Proyart published
in 1964 by Gallimard. Exposing what he calls the myths created by the researcher, in
his memoirs he discusses the youth of Boris Pasternak, talks about the probability
of his baptism, his first steps in the field of poetry, and moves on to the discussion
of his relationship with the “Centrifuge” group and the symbolist circle in general.
Bobrov’s letters partly repeat what one might find in his published correspondence
with Pasternak’s sisters but partly present an original contribution to the 20th century
history of Russian culture.
FOSP’S “Publishing Passion”: on the Materials Held in the Department of Manuscripts of the IWL RAS
Authors: Moskovskaya Daria S. , Galtsova Elena D.
Published: December 2020

This article based on the archival material from the Department of manuscripts of
IWL RAN discusses the hitherto understudied financial and ideological conditions
of the Publishing house of the Federation of Associations of Soviet writers (FOSP)
“Federation.” According to the Charter, the Publishing house was a self-financing
public publishing house of national significance, enjoying all the rights of a legal entity,
and the FOSP was not responsible for its financial activities FOSP. In 1927–1930s, the
publishing house sought to be commercially successful. In the 1930s, it submitted to
ideological demands and became unprofitable. The ideological dictate and the policy
of “prolitarization” led to the fact that in 1931–1932, translation department in the
Leningrad branch of FOSP was eliminated and Moscow translation department was
eliminated as well. The hithertop unpublished correspondence of the FOSP on the
“case of A.K. Vinogradov” as a member of the Moscow section describes circumstances
and gives reasons explaining Vinogradov’s refusal to keep translating and his
preference of literary criticism and creative writing in the 1930s and 1940s.
“Academia” Publishing House. Between Culture and Money (1929–1938)
Authors: Rolet Serge
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the copyright payments made by “Academia” sheds new light
on certain key aspects of the publishing activity. In direct contradiction with the
ideology of the socialist construction, the pecuniary motivation of these men of letters
appears to have had a subtle but nevertheless important impact on the production
of“Academia.” One could even go so far as to suggest that in certain cases, the desire
for the personal gain was the key factor in publishing decisions made by the press.
The principle of a revolutionary editorial policy is ultimately nothing but an illusion,
serving to conceal practices which have very little to do with “socialism.”
Exploring the Boundaries of Texts and Literary Cults
Authors: Kalavszky Zsófia , Urakova Alexandra P.
Published: December 2020

The essay focuses on the interrelated phenomena of literary cult and cultic
text. Bearing on the conceptual ideas of Sergey Zenkin and Péter Dávidházi, we
problematize the boundaries between text and cults on the example of two case studies.
One has to do with a recent interpretation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a nineteenth-century
bestseller novel that had a great impact on literary and political life of the United States
in the antebellum period. David S. Reynolds argues that Ulyanov-Lenin’s escape from
the Finnish mainland by breaking his way on the broken ice of the river to an island
might have been inspired by Uncle Tom’s Cabin where a fugitive slave Eliza does exactly
the same thing. This essay suggests seeing this random encounter of the East and the
West, the fictional and the “real” not as а curious anecdote or coincidence but as a
mechanism of inventing a cultic text. What happens when one of the prominent figures
of the European historical narrative, the crown prince assassinated in 1914, reads the
works of the Russian poet before the fatal day in Sarajevo? Milorad Pavić building his
short story Prince Ferdinand Reads Pushkin upon recognizable allusions to Pushkin’s
texts, highlights similarities and differences, the fatal and the accidental in the stories
of the poet shot in the duel and the Austrian crown prince being a victim of an
assassination — two intersective storylines that may be described as “isomorphic plots.”
А work by Abbot J.-H. Michon “A New Solution to the Question of the Holy Places” of 1852 and its translation into Russian by the members of the first Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem
Authors: Poliakov Ivan A.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the work of the members of the first Russian Orthodox
Ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem, Bishop Porphyrius (secular name Konstantin Uspensky), St. Theophan the Recluse (who was hieromonk at that time) and student Pyotr Sokolov on the translation of the work of the French Abbot Jean-Hippolyte Michon. Michon’s publicistic brochure “A New Solution to the Question of the Holy Places” was published in Paris in 1852 and contained proposals for a fair disposal of a dispute between Christian confessions over the possession of the Holy shrines of Palestine. At the height of the Crimean War, the translation of the work was entrusted to members of the Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem. The article traces the history of work on the translation, and it also gives a characteristic to the recently discovered fair copy of the translation, preserved in the collection of Pavel Tikhanov at the Department of Manuscripts of the National Library of Russia. The stages of translation and editing were investigated basing on the textual analysis of a draft manuscript from St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and a fair copy from Manuscript department of the National Library of Russia.