bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower Permian brachiopods and molluscs from the upper Jungle Creek Formation, northern Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Shi G R , Waterhouse J B
Published: September 2016

The study aims to provide a comprehensive systematic account of Lower Permian brachiopods and molluscs (excluding gastropods) from the upper Jungle Creek Formation in northern Yukon Territory, western Canada, and to assess their biostratigraphic and
paleoecological significance.

Sixty-nine brachiopod species belonging to 53 genera, six bivalve species belonging to five genera, and one ammonoid species are described and illustrated. New taxa include Arctitreta peelensis n. sp., Orthotetes canadensis n. sp., Liosotella compacta n. sp., Anemonaria auriculata n. sp.,
Costispinifera paucispinosa n. sp., Rugivestis arctica n. sp., Thamnosia spinosa n. sp., Globiella costellata n. sp., Protoanidanthus umbonatus n. sp., Rhynoleichus dorsoconvexa n. sp., Septacamera triangulata n. sp., Composita bamberi n. sp., Ogilviecoelia inflata n. gen. et sp., Tumarinia yukonica
n. sp., Yukonella plana n. gen. et sp., Timaniella convexa n. sp., Yukonospirifer yukonensis n. gen. n. sp., Larispirifer ettrainensis n. sp., Domokhotia junglensis n. sp., Tiramnia canadica n. sp., and Retimarginiferinae n. subfam.

The three brachiopod biozones previously recognized within the upper Jungle Creek Formation are revised and substantiated. These are the (in ascending stratigraphic order) Yakovlevia transversa Assemblage Zone, Ogilviecoelia inflata Assemblage Zone, and Jakutoproductus verchoyanicus Assemblage Zone.
The distribution of these zones in the study area and their correlation with other major Lower Permian marine sequences in North America and the Arctic are discussed. Close correlation of the Yukon brachiopod faunas with those from the Urals, northeast Russia, and the Canadian Arctic, reinforced by
some data from fusulinids and ammonoids, suggests that the Yakovlevia transversa Zone is probably Early Sakmarian (Tastubian) in age, the Ogilviecoelia inflata Zone is Late Sakmarian (Sterlitamakian), and Jakutoproductus verchoyanicus Zone is Early Artinskian (Aktastinian).

A computerized ordination technique (principal components analysis) is used to delineate recurrent paleocommunities. Four fossil communities are recognized: Rhynchopora magna, Fimbrinia-Tubersulculus-Kutorginella, Ogilviecoelia inflata, and Tityrophoria nelsoni- Septacamera triangulata. These
paleocommunities are analyzed in terms of faunal composition and possible depositional environments. They seem to record positions in an onshore to offshore sequence across a shallow marine shelf, with the Rhynchopora magna paleocommunity possibly representing a shallow subtidal restricted zone; the
Fimbrinia-Tubersulculus-Kutorginella paleocommunity representing probably an open shelf, above wave base zone; the Ogilviecoelia inflata paleocommunity possibly an open shelf, near or at wave base zone; and the Tityrophoria nelsoni-Septacamera triangulata paleocommunity a low energy position,
farther offshore, below wave base.
The simple living of Leo Tolstoy and the slippery slope of consumerism in a context of poverty: A pastoral guide
Authors: Tenai Noah K.
Published: September 2016

The nature of consumerism, which manifests in the belief that excessive accumulation of material goods represents a fuller and more meaningful life, is a growing global phenomenon, and has an effect on both the ‘haves’ and the ‘have-nots’. In addition, poverty levels globally and in Kenya in particular, remain unacceptably high. The situation of poverty in Kenya is partly worsened by the trapping effects of consumerism. The life of a wealthy and prosperous writer, Leo Tolstoy, who succumbed to depression in spite of his fame and material wealth, is examined with a view to establish how he overcame his depression and found meaning in life. The lessons he learnt from turning to a study of the peasantry are extrapolated and proposed for the churches’ response to the challenge of consumerism in contexts of poverty.
“That's Where the Arguments Come in”: A Qualitative Analysis of Booster Sessions following a Brief Intervention for Drug Use and Intimate Partner Violence in the Emergency Department
Authors: Choo Esther K. , Tapé Chantal , Glerum Kimberly M. , Mello Michael J. , Zlotnick Caron , Guthrie Kate Morrow
Published: September 2016

Although booster phone calls have been used to enhance the impact of brief interventions in the emergency department, there has been less number of studies describing the content of these boosters. We conducted a qualitative analysis of booster calls occurring two weeks after an initial Web-based intervention for drug use and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women presenting for emergency care, with the objective of identifying the following: progress toward goals set during the initial emergency department visit, barriers to positive change, and additional resources and services needed in order to inform improvements in future booster sessions. The initial thematic framework was developed by summarizing codes by major themes and subthemes; the study team collaboratively decided on a final thematic framework. Eighteen participants completed the booster call. Most of them described a therapeutic purpose for their drug use. Altering the social milieu was the primary means of drug use change; this seemed to increase isolation of women already in abusive relationships. Women described IPV as interwoven with drug use. Participants identified challenges in attending substance use treatment service and domestic violence agencies. Women with substance use disorders and in abusive relationships face specific barriers to reducing drug use and to seeking help after a brief intervention.
A hyperelliptic Hodge integral
Authors: Wise Jonathan
Published: September 2016

We use orbifold Gromov–Witten theory to evaluate a hyperelliptic Hodge integral that is responsible for the weight with which contracted components attached at Weierstrass points contribute to hyperelliptic Gromov–Witten invariants of surfaces.
Aerosol optical extinction during the Front Range Air Pollution and
Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) 2014 summertime field campaign,
Colorado, USA
Authors: Dingle Justin H. , Vu Kennedy , Bahreini Roya , Apel Eric C. , Campos Teresa L. , Flocke Frank , Fried Alan , Herndon Scott , Hills Alan J. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Huey Greg , Kaser Lisa , Montzka Denise D. , Nowak John B. , Reeves Mike , Richter Dirk , Roscioli Joseph R. , Shertz Stephen , Stell Meghan , Tanner David , Tyndall Geoff , Walega James , Weibring Petter , Weinheimer Andrew
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Summertime aerosol optical extinction (βext) was measured in the Colorado Front Range and Denver metropolitan area as part of the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) campaign during July–August 2014. An Aerodyne cavity attenuated phase shift particle light extinction monitor (CAPS-PMex) was deployed to measure βext (at average relative humidity of 20 ± 7 %) of submicron aerosols at λ = 632 nm at 1 Hz. Data from a suite of gas-phase instrumentation were used to interpret βext behavior in various categories of air masses and sources. Extinction enhancement ratios relative to CO (Δβext ∕ ΔCO) were higher in aged urban air masses compared to fresh air masses by  ∼  50 %. The resulting increase in Δβext ∕ ΔCO for highly aged air masses was accompanied by formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In addition, the impacts of aerosol composition on βext in air masses under the influence of urban, natural oil and gas operations (O&G), and agriculture and livestock operations were evaluated. Estimated non-refractory mass extinction efficiency (MEE) values for different air mass types ranged from 1.51 to 2.27 m2 g−1, with the minimum and maximum values observed in urban and agriculture-influenced air masses, respectively. The mass distribution for organic, nitrate, and sulfate aerosols presented distinct profiles in different air mass types. During 11–12 August, regional influence of a biomass burning event was observed, increasing the background βext and estimated MEE values in the Front Range.
Russia's black carbon emissions: focus on diesel sources
Authors: Kholod Nazar , Evans Meredydd , Kuklinski Teresa
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a significant climate forcer with a particularly pronounced forcing effect in polar regions such as the Russian Arctic. Diesel combustion is a major global source of BC emissions, accounting for 25–30 % of all BC emissions. While the demand for diesel is growing in Russia, the country's diesel emissions are poorly understood. This paper presents a detailed inventory of Russian BC emissions from diesel sources. Drawing on a complete Russian vehicle registry with detailed information about vehicle types and emission standards, this paper analyzes BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles. We use the COPERT emission model (COmputer Programme to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) with Russia-specific emission factors for all types of on-road vehicles. On-road diesel vehicles emitted 21 Gg of BC in 2014: heavy-duty trucks account for 60 % of the on-road BC emissions, while cars represent only 5 % (light commercial vehicles and buses account for the remainder). Using Russian activity data and fuel-based emission factors, the paper also presents BC emissions from diesel locomotives and ships, off-road engines in industry, construction and agriculture, and generators. The study also factors in the role of superemitters in BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles and off-road sources. The total emissions from diesel sources in Russia are estimated to be 49 Gg of BC and 17 Gg of organic carbon (OC) in 2014. Off-road diesel sources emitted 58 % of all diesel BC in Russia.
Oceanic emissions unlikely to account for the missing source of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide
Authors: Lennartz Sinikka T. , Marandino Christa A. , von Hobe Marc , Cortes Pau , Quack Birgit , Simo Rafel , Booge Dennis , Pozzer Andrea , Steinhoff Tobias , Arevalo-Martinez Damian L. , Kloss Corinna , Bracher Astrid , Röttgers Rüdiger , Atlas Elliott , Krüger Kirstin
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere. A missing source in its atmospheric budget is currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of the vegetation sink in top-down approaches. Oceanic emissions have been proposed to close the resulting gap in the atmospheric budget. We present a bottom-up approach including new observations of OCS in surface waters of the tropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans to show that direct OCS emissions are insufficient to account for the missing source. Extrapolation of our observations using a biogeochemical box model suggests oceanic net uptake instead of emission for the entire tropical ocean area and, further, a global ocean source strength well below that suggested by top-down estimates. This bottom-up estimate of oceanic emissions has implications for using OCS as a proxy for terrestrial CO2 uptake, which is currently hampered by the inadequate quantification of atmospheric OCS sources and sinks.
Accuracy, precision, and temperature dependence of Pandora total
ozone measurements estimated from a comparison with the Brewer
triad in Toronto
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Fioletov Vitali , Strong Kimberly , Cede Alexander , Davies Jonathan
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This study evaluates the performance of the recently developed Pandora spectrometer by comparing it with the Brewer reference triad. This triad was established by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) in the 1980s and is used to calibrate Brewer instruments around the world, ensuring high quality total column ozone (TCO) measurements. To reduce stray light, the double Brewer instrument was introduced in 1992, and a new reference triad of double Brewers is also operational at Toronto. Since 2013, ECCC has deployed two Pandora spectrometers co-located with the old and new Brewer triads, making it possible to study the performance of three generations of ozone-monitoring instruments. The statistical analysis of TCO records from these instruments indicates that the random uncertainty for the Brewer is below 0.6 %, while that for the Pandora is below 0.4 %. However, there is a 1 % seasonal difference and a 3 % bias between the standard Pandora and Brewer TCO data, which is related to the temperature dependence and difference in ozone cross sections. A statistical model was developed to remove this seasonal difference and bias. It was based on daily temperature profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim data over Toronto and TCO from the Brewer reference triads. When the statistical model was used to correct Pandora data, the seasonal difference was reduced to 0.25 % and the bias was reduced to 0.04 %. Pandora instruments were also found to have low airmass dependence up to 81.6° solar zenith angle, comparable to double Brewer instruments.
Flux calculation of short turbulent events – comparison of three
methods
Authors: Schaller Carsten , Göckede Mathias , Foken Thomas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The eddy covariance method is commonly used to calculate vertical turbulent exchange fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Besides other assumptions, it requires steady state flow conditions. If this requirement is not fulfilled over the averaging interval of, e.g., 30 min, the fluxes might be mis-calculated. Here two further calculation methods, conditional sampling and wavelet analysis, which do not need the steady state assumption, were implemented and compared to eddy covariance. All fluxes were calculated for 30 in averaging periods, while the wavelet method - using both the Mexican hat and the Morlet wavelet – additionally allowed to obtain a 1 min averaged flux. The results of all three methods were validated against each other for times with best steady state conditions and well developed turbulence. An excellent agreement of the wavelet results to the eddy covariance reference was found, where the deviations to eddy covariance were on the order of on the order of
Biogeochemical modeling of CO2 and CH4 production in anoxic Arctic
soil microcosms
Authors: Tang Guoping , Zheng Jianqiu , Xu Xiaofeng , Yang Ziming , Graham David E. , Gu Baohua , Painter Scott L. , Thornton Peter E.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Soil organic carbon turnover to CO2 and CH4 is sensitive to soil redox potential and pH conditions. However, land surface models do not consider redox and pH in the aqueous phase explicitly, thereby limiting their use for making predictions in anoxic environments. Using recent data from incubations of Arctic soils, we extend the Community Land Model with coupled carbon and nitrogen (CLM-CN) decomposition cascade to include simple organic substrate turnover, fermentation, Fe(III) reduction, and methanogenesis reactions, and assess the efficacy of various temperature and pH response functions. Incorporating the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) enables us to approximately describe the observed pH evolution without additional parameterization. Although Fe(III) reduction is normally assumed to compete with methanogenesis, the model predicts that Fe(III) reduction raises the pH from acidic to neutral, thereby reducing environmental stress to methanogens and accelerating methane production when substrates are not limiting. The equilibrium speciation predicts a substantial increase in CO2 solubility as pH increases, and taking into account CO2 adsorption to surface sites of metal oxides further decreases the predicted headspace gas-phase fraction at low pH. Without adequate representation of these speciation reactions, as well as the impacts of pH, temperature, and pressure, the CO2 production from closed microcosms can be substantially underestimated based on headspace CO2 measurements only. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of geochemical models for simulating soil biogeochemistry and provide predictive understanding and mechanistic representations that can be incorporated into land surface models to improve climate predictions.
Interactions between climate change and human activities during the early to
mid-Holocene in the eastern Mediterranean basins
Authors: Berger Jean-Francois , Lespez Laurent , Kuzucuoğlu Catherine , Glais Arthur , Hourani Fuad , Barra Adrien , Guilaine Jean
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper focuses on early Holocene rapid climate change (RCC) records in the Mediterranean zone, which are under-represented in continental archives (9.2 to 8.2 ka events) and on their impact on prehistoric societies. This lack of data handicaps the general interpretation of climate impacts on human societies, which flourished in recent years. Key questions remain about the impact of early Holocene cooling events on the Mediterranean climate, ecosystems and human societies. In this paper, we discuss some examples from river and lake systems from the eastern to central Mediterranean area (central Anatolia, Cyprus, northeastern and northwestern Greece) that illustrate some palaeohydrological and erosion variations that modified the sustainability of the first Neolithic populations in this region. Results allow us to present direct land–sea correlations and to reconstruct regional long-term trends as well as millennial- to centennial-scale climatic changes. In this context, we question the socio-economic and geographical adaptation capacities of these societies (mobility, technology, economic practices, social organisation) during the “early Holocene” interval (11.7 to 8.2 ka), which corresponds partly to the Sapropel 1 deposition in the eastern Mediterranean sea.
HESS Opinions: Repeatable research: what hydrologists can learn from the Duke cancer research scandal
Authors: Fienen Michael N. , Bakker Mark
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In the past decade, difficulties encountered in reproducing the results of a cancer study at Duke University resulted in a scandal and an investigation which concluded that tools used for data management, analysis, and modeling were inappropriate for the documentation of the study, let alone the reproduction of the results. New protocols were developed which require that data analysis and modeling be carried out with scripts that can be used to reproduce the results and are a record of all decisions and interpretations made during an analysis or a modeling effort. In the hydrological sciences, we face similar challenges and need to develop similar standards for transparency and repeatability of results. A promising route is to start making use of open-source languages (such as R and Python) to write scripts and to use collaborative coding environments (such as Git) to share our codes for inspection and use by the hydrological community. An important side-benefit to adopting such protocols is consistency and efficiency among collaborators.
Estimating spatially distributed soil texture using time series of thermal remote sensing – a case study in central Europe
Authors: Müller Benjamin , Bernhardt Matthias , Jackisch Conrad , Schulz Karsten
Published: September 2016

Abstract. For understanding water and solute transport processes, knowledge about the respective hydraulic properties is necessary. Commonly, hydraulic parameters are estimated via pedo-transfer functions using soil texture data to avoid cost-intensive measurements of hydraulic parameters in the laboratory. Therefore, current soil texture information is only available at a coarse spatial resolution of 250 to 1000 m. Here, a method is presented to derive high-resolution (15 m) spatial topsoil texture patterns for the meso-scale Attert catchment (Luxembourg, 288 km2) from 28 images of ASTER (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) thermal remote sensing. A principle component analysis of the images reveals the most dominant thermal patterns (principle components, PCs) that are related to 212 fractional soil texture samples. Within a multiple linear regression framework, distributed soil texture information is estimated and related uncertainties are assessed. An overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 12.7 percentage points (pp) lies well within and even below the range of recent studies on soil texture estimation, while requiring sparser sample setups and a less diverse set of basic spatial input. This approach will improve the generation of spatially distributed topsoil maps, particularly for hydrologic modeling purposes, and will expand the usage of thermal remote sensing products.
Dealing with deep uncertainties in landslide modelling for disaster risk reduction under climate change
Authors: Almeida Susana , Holcombe Elizabeth , Pianosi Francesca , Wagener Thorsten
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Landslides have large negative economic and societal impacts, including loss of life and damage to infrastructure. Slope stability assessment is a vital tool for landslide risk management, but high levels of uncertainty often challenge its usefulness. Uncertainties are associated with the numerical model used to assess slope stability and its parameters, with the data characterising the geometric, geotechnic and hydrologic properties of the slope, and with hazard triggers (e.g., rainfall). Uncertainties associated with many of these factors are also likely to be exacerbated further by future climatic and socio-economic changes, such as increased urbanisation and resultant land use change. In this study, we illustrate how numerical models can be used to explore the uncertain factors that influence potential future landslide hazard using a bottom-up strategy. Specifically, we link the Combined Hydrology And Stability Model (CHASM) with sensitivity analysis and Classification And Regression Trees (CART) to identify critical thresholds in slope properties and climatic (rainfall) drivers that lead to slope failure. We apply our approach to a slope in the Caribbean, an area that is naturally susceptible to landslides due to a combination of high rainfall rates, steep slopes, and highly weathered residual soils. For this particular slope, we find that uncertainties regarding some slope properties (namely thickness and effective cohesion of top soil) are as important as the uncertainties related to future rainfall conditions. Furthermore, we show that 89 % of the expected behaviour of the studied slope can be characterised based on only two variables – the ratio of top soil thickness to cohesion and the ratio of rainfall intensity to duration.
Exceptional floods in the Prut basin, Romania, in the context of heavy rains in the summer of 2010
Authors: Romanescu Gheorghe , Stoleriu Cristian Constantin
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The year 2010 was characterized by devastating flooding in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. This study focuses on floods that occurred during the summer of 2010 in the Prut River basin, which has a high percentage of hydrotechnical infrastructure. Strong floods occurred in eastern Romania on the Prut River, which borders the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, and the Siret River. Atmospheric instability from 21 June–1 July 2010 caused significant amounts of rain, with rates of 51.2 mm/50 min and 42.0 mm/30 min. In the middle Prut basin, there are numerous ponds that help mitigate floods as well as provide water for animals, irrigation, and so forth. The peak discharge of the Prut River during the summer of 2010 was 2,310 m3/s at the Radauti Prut gauging station. High discharges were also recorded on downstream tributaries, including the Baseu, Jijia, Miletin etc. High discharges downstream occurred because of water from the middle basin and the backwater from the Danube (a historic discharge of 16,300 m3/s). The floods that occurred in the Prut basin in the summer of 2010 could not be controlled completely because the discharges far exceeded foreseen values.
Sparsity-based compressive reservoir characterization and modeling by applying ILS-DLA sparse approximation with LARS on DisPat-generated MPS models using seismic, well log, and reservoir data
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Riahi Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In the earth sciences, there is only one single true reality for a property of any dimension whereas many realization models of the reality might exist. In other words, a set of interpreted multiplicities of an unknown property can be found but only one unique fact exists and the task is to return from the multiplicities to the uniqueness of the reality. Such an objective is mathematically provided by sparse approximation methods. The term "approximation" indicate the sufficiency of an interpretation that is close enough to the true mode, i.e. reality. In geosciences, the multiplicities are provided by multiple-point statistical methods. Realistic modeling of the earth interior demands for more sophisticated geostatistical methods based on true available images, i.e. the training images. Among available MPS methods, the DisPat algorithm is a distance-based MPS method which generate appealing realizations for stationary and nonstationary training images by classifying the patterns based on distance functions using kernel methods. Advances in nonstationary image modeling is an advantage of the DisPat method. Realizations generated by the MPS methods form the training set for the sparse approximation. Sparse approximation is consisted of two steps, i.e. sparse coding and dictionary update, which are alternately used to optimize the trained dictionary. Model selection algorithms like LARS are used for sparse coding. LARS optimizes the regression model sequentially by choosing a proper number of variables and adding the best variable to the active set in each iteration. Out of numerous training dictionary methods given in the literature, the ILS-DLA is a variant of the MOD algorithm where the latter is inspired by the GLA and the whole trained dictionary is sequentially updated by alternating between sparse coding and dictionary training steps. The ILS-DLA is different from the MOD for addressing the internal structure of the dictionary by considering overlapping or non-overlapping blocks and modifying the MOD algorithm according to the internal structure of the trained dictionary. The ILS-DLA is faster than the MOD in the sense that it inverts for smaller blocks constructing the trained dictionary rather than inverting for the entire block. The subject of this paper is an integration study between sparse approximations from image processing and compressed sensing, multiple-point statistics from the field of geostatisitcs, and the geophysical methods and reservoir engineering from the branch of petroleum science. This paper specifically emphasizes the utilization of image processing in solving reservoir complexities and enhancing reservoir models.
Balance between driving stress and basal drag results in linearity between driving stress and basal yield stress in Antarctica's Siple Coast Ice Streams
Authors: Wohland Jan , Albrecht Torsten , Levermann Anders
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Ice streams are distinct, fast-flowing regimes within ice sheets that exhibit fundamentally different characteristics as compared to the slow-moving inner parts of the ice sheets. While along-flow surface profiles of ice sheets are typically convex, some ice streams show linearly sloping or even concave surface profiles. We use observational data of the Siple Coast in Antarctica to inversely calculate membrane stresses, driving stresses and basal yield stresses based on the Shallow Shelf Approximation. Herein we assume that these marine-based ice streams are isothermal and in neglecting vertical shear we assume that their flow is dominated by sliding. We find that in the Siple Coast ice streams the membrane stresses are negligible and the driving stress balances the basal drag. It follows directly that in the Coulomb limit (i.e. basal drag independent of velocity) the driving stress is linear in the basal yield stress. In addition, we find that the ice topography and the basal conditions developed such that the driving stress is linear in the basal yield stress regardless of the choice of the pseudo plastic exponent in the basal drag parameterization.
Desafios no cuidado às complicações agudas do diabetes mellitus em serviço de emergência adulto
Authors: Oliveira Daiani Moraes , Schoeller Soraia Dornelles , Hammerschmidt Karina Almeida , Silva Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da , Arruda Cecília
Published: September 2016

O diabetes mellitus impõe múltiplos desafios às pessoas afetadas, suas famílias e ao sistema de saúde. Teve como objetivo analisar fortalezas e fragilidades no atendimento de enfermagem às complicações agudas do diabetes mellitus num serviço de emergência adulto. Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritivo-exploratória, realizada entre maio e julho de 2013, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital do sul do Brasil. Para organização e análise dos dados, elencaram-se categorias temáticas: estruturação dos serviços de saúde e equipes de trabalho, cada uma com suas fortalezas e fragilidades. Destaca-se que o desafio de qualificar os atendimentos às pessoas com diabetes vai além da estruturação da rede de atenção à saúde e estabelecimento de rotinas assistenciais adequadas a cada instituição, estão aliadas ao conhecimento técnico da equipe profissional, desenvolvimento de habilidades de comunicação, sensibilização sobre a importância do autocuidado e adesão ao tratamento.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem para as etapas do crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças utilizando a CIPE®
Authors: Dantas Ana Márcia Nóbrega , Gomes Gabriela Lisieux Lima , Silva Kenya De Lima , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da
Published: September 2016

Pesquisa exploratória descritiva, cujo objetivo foi construir enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem para as fases do crescimento e do desenvolvimento da criança na atenção básica, utilizando-se os termos identificados a partir do Manual do Crescimento e Desenvolvimento do Ministério da Saúde e a Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®). Foram construídos 111 enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem, que foram classificados de acordo com as etapas do desenvolvimento e do crescimento da criança, 23, no período neonatal; 40, na primeira infância; e 48, na fase pré-escolar. Acredita-se que a construção de enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem para as fases do crescimento e do desenvolvimento da criança contribuem diretamente para melhorar a qualidade da assistência prestada. Pretende-se proceder à validação clínica dos enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem, a fim de possibilitar a integração do conhecimento científico com a prática, na assistência à criança na atenção primária à saúde.
Evolution and Economics in Robert Herrick's The Memoirs of an American Citizen
Authors: Fernandez Jose
Published: September 2016

This article examines Robert Herrick's business novel, The Memoirs of an American Citizen (1905), and its engagement with competing views regarding the application of Darwinism in business practices and economic theory through the rise of its protagonist Edward Van Harrington and his corporation. The Memoirs of an American Citizen illustrates the influence of Darwinian individualism in fictional representations of business competition; however, Herrick's novel also contains a different interpretation of Darwin's ideas applied to the economic growth of Harrington's corporation that is presented as a result of economic evolution. Herrick's novel struggles to reconcile an evolutionary interpretation of social and business practices with individuals' capacity to exercise moral choices.
Proving Limits of State Data Breach Notification Laws: Is a Federal Law the Most Adequate Solution?
Authors: Bisogni Fabio
Published: September 2016

This article investigates the adequateness of data breach notification laws and the possible impact of a federal law in the United States. Based on the analysis of 445 notifications issued in 2014, three observations for law development are presented. First, the question about underreporting is raised and a possible option for facilitating its emergence is proposed. Second, the specification of the dates of the breach detection and of the breach itself are identified as essential to foster consumers' reaction. Finally, a stricter regulation of the content of the notification is suggested to avoid firms minimizing the actual risk.
Los estímulos de mayor frecuencia en la compra de los consumidores de Centroamérica
Authors: Sergueyevna Golovina Natalia , Mosher Valle Elmer Luis
Published: September 2016

En el presente estudio se identificaron los estímulos de mayor frecuencia en la compra y se determinaron los patrones de consumo para los bienes de uso común y bienes duraderos de los consumidores de Centroamérica. Según el nivel de profundidad del estudio, la investigación fue comparativa, el diseño no experimental, y la población fue compuesta por los habitantes de los países de Centroamérica: Nicaragua, Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala y Costa Rica. Como estímulos de mayor frecuencia de compra de bienes básicos se pueden mencionar sus precios, seguido por la cercanía de los centros comerciales y lugares de compra de las casas de habitación. En el caso de los bienes duraderos, los estímulos se diferencian según las clases de productos, y entre los más frecuentes están el precio, los atributos de productos como sus funciones y la calidad, la marca (especialmente para los equipos tecnológicos) y el diseño (para las joyas, ropa, calzado y vehículos). Los patrones de consumo tanto de los bienes de uso común, como de los bienes duraderos, en su mayoría coinciden en los cinco países de Centroamérica, con ciertas diferencias en Costa Rica, relacionadas con una fuerte influencia cultural europea y estadounidense en el casco urbano, y en Guatemala, relacionada con un alto porcentaje de la población indígena, que ha logrado conservar muchos hábitos y tradiciones, y que deja su huella en los hábitos de consumo
Desarrollo del mercado de valores gubernamentales: Principales objetivos
Authors: Montoya Pérez Juan José
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar que un sistema financiero bien equilibrada necesita mercados de deuda y un mercado de deuda pública casi siempre juega un papel central en este tipo de mercados. Es desde esta perspectiva que este documento se examina las cuestiones de política que los gobiernos y los bancos centrales se enfrentan en el desarrollo de los mercados de bonos. El debate plantea cuestiones y dilemas políticos de todo el espectro de políticas fiscales, monetarias y financieras. Se pretende mostrar las principales tendencias en los últimos años, así como el valor estratégico de los mercados de bonos y los principales impedimentos para su desarrollo. También se debe revisar las estrategias de endeudamiento del gobierno
La revolución y el desarrollo histórico del cooperativismo en Nicaragua
Authors: López Zepeda Leonardo Francisco
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir la evolución histórica del desarrollo del cooperativismo en Nicaragua y señalar que en los últimos años se ha producido un importante crecimiento del cooperativismo nicaragüense, en el marco de un proceso de profundas transformaciones económico-sociales desarrolladas en el país. El método utilizado es documental analítico e histórico. Con esta investigación se constató que el movimiento de cooperativas de Nicaragua está en crecimiento y con resultados muy positivos Se concluye que las cooperativas en el país están siendo remozadas desde el ámbito jurídico y con al apoyo del estado esto y nos explica un poco el panorama actual y su rol dentro del territorio nicaragüense.
La Teoría de los Costos de Transacción Económicos: ¿Se aplican en las Instituciones de Educación Superior en Nicaragua
Authors: Lopéz Mario Ramón
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: En el ensayo se ha analizado el grado de aplicación de la teoría de costos de transacción, información incompleta y mercados en la dimensión de capital intelectual y las estructuras académicas en el caso particular de Nicaragua. Método y materiales. Se adoptó el método analítico inductivo-deductivo sobre la base de literatura relevante rastreada por medio de scholar de google y base de datos bibliográficos libres y subscripción de la biblioteca de la Universidad. Resultados: Los resultados sugieren que hay poca literatura que considera un análisis directo de los costos de transacción en la dimensión académica. Este hallazgo refleja la existencia de brechas de información, e insuficiente alineamiento de las bases de datos provenientes del Consejo Nicaragüense de Universidades CNU que den cuenta factores e indicadores que señalen transacción económica con los clientes y usuarios de productos tangibles e intangibles que la universidad ofrece, no obstante, las universidades confrontan una demanda por innovación en su sentido amplio y los costos de transacción a confrontar no son cero
Los Mercados de Renta Fija y Bursátil
Authors: Montoya Pérez Juan José
Published: September 2016

El presente documento trata de mostrar la excesiva dependencia de varias economías en sus respectivos sistemas bancarios nacionales como fuente de financiamiento. En muchos casos, el mercado interno de bonos, generalmente subdesarrollo, tanto en amplitud y profundidad, en comparación con el sistema bancario y el mercado de renta variable. A la luz de las experiencias de la crisis, muchos autores y los estudios han hecho relevante el desarrollo del mercado interno de bonos como una fuente alternativa de financiamiento. Para las economías emergentes, el contar con un sistema financiero sano, un mercado bursátil o de renta fija es beneficioso dado que proporciona servicios esenciales de calidad, sirviendo de palancas para impulsar el financiamiento
Mercados de granos básicos y Ordenamiento Territorial en Nicaragua
Authors: Delgadillo Maritza Del Socorro
Published: September 2016

Este artículo explica el mercado de granos básicos en Nicaragua y como el ordenamiento territorial puede estimular la competencia y su funcionamiento. Se inicia con una síntesis del ordenamiento territorial y de la teoría convencional sobre el mercado, complementado con una descripción de políticas de competencia. Luego se analiza el marco jurídico, importancia y característica de los granos básicos con enfoque de ordenamiento territorial. Se concluye que no existe una expresión de políticas económicas, social y ecológica territorial articulada con la competencia en este mercado. Lo que se muestra con la existencia de prácticas anticompetitivas y de competencia desleal en el mercado del arroz hasta la competencia con casi ninguna restricción en los casos del frijol y maíz.
Nutrient Dynamics and Decomposition of Riparian Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. Leaves in Southern Illinois
Authors: Nelson Amanda M. , Schoonover Jon E. , Williard Karl W. J.
Published: September 2016

Leaf litter quality and quantity can influence soil nutrient dynamics and stream productivity through decomposition and serving as allochthonous stream inputs. Leaf deposition, nitrogen (N)-resorption efficiency and proficiency, and decomposition rates were analyzed in riparian stands of Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. in southern Illinois for the first time to determine potential nutrient cycling from riparian canebrake restoration. Leaf litter was collected from five established canebrakes monthly over one year and a decomposition study was conducted over 72 weeks. Live leaves, freshly senesced leaves, and decomposed leaves were analyzed for carbon (C) and N content. Leaf litterfall biomass peaked in November at twice the monthly average for all but one site, indicating a resemblance to deciduous leaf fall patterns. Nitrogen and C concentrations decreased 48% and 30%, respectively, between live leaves and 72 weeks following decomposition. High soil moisture appeared to slow decomposition rates, perhaps due to the creation of anaerobic conditions. Cane leaves have low resorption proficiency and nutrient-use proficiency, suggesting that these riparian canebrakes are not N limited. Giant cane should be considered in multispecies riparian buffer creation since it has this potential to supply carbon and nitrogen to the soil and to macroinvertebrates in the streams for a longer period of time and year round.
The Sustainable Livelihood Challenge of REDD+ Implementation in the Philippines
Authors: Peras Rose Jane , Pulhin Juan , Inoue Makoto , Mohammed Abrar Jurar , Harada Kazuhiro , Sasaoka Masatoshi
Published: September 2016

The forestry sector in the developing world has been continuously challenged by the unsustainability of forest resources and the threat of climate change. Reducing Emissions from Forest Degradation and Deforestation (REDD+) was launched to address the problem, and the Philippines accepted the challenge by undergoing the 10-year phased process. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper examines the challenges of REDD+ implementation in the Philippines using the case of Southern Leyte REDD+ pilot area and highlights the co-benefits and trade-offs of pilot project activities on the five (5) capital assets. Our findings suggest greater impacts of CBFM on the key indicators of change than REDD+. There is very high association of the natural and financial capital assets with REDD+ pilot project activities, yet financial benefit is short-lived. Local people highly regarded the contribution of assisted natural regeneration and reforestation activities in sequestering carbon, while agroforestry is perceived to sustain agricultural production in the future. The major drawback of REDD+ pilot project activities is that it perpetuates the failures of CBFM initiatives giving little attention to sustainable livelihood objectives. Forest conservation policy like REDD+ as a mechanism for addressing climate change can still be adopted by local communities if livelihood capital assets will be further enhanced.
L’ordre social dans les représentations promotionnelles de la Banque d’Épargne, diffusées sous l’égide de la Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal entre 1924 et 1946
Authors: Hazan Olga
Published: September 2016

En observant conjointement des compositions autant artistiques que publicitaires, cette étude révèle leur efficacité aux mains de deux organismes puissants, la Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste qui les diffuse et la Banque d’Épargne qui les subventionne. Ces compositions incluent : les aquarelles de Jean-Baptiste Lagacé qui servaient de modèles pour l’édification des chars allégoriques des défilés de la Saint-Jean-Baptiste de 1924 à 1946, un objet d’importance patrimoniale considérable auquel les chercheurs n’ont accès que depuis 2015, et des images publicitaires créées pour la Banque d’Épargne et diffusées par la Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste, dans La Revue nationale et dans les programmes annuels des défilés. Que ces images soient des oeuvres d’art ou des publicités, que les sujets qui y sont abordés soient profanes ou religieux et qu’ils prennent la forme d’un discours populaire ou savant, leur rhétorique demeure instructive. Tandis que les aquarelles de Lagacé, malgré leur aspect didactique, réservent une place privilégiée à la gent féminine, les publicités pour la Banque accusent un contraste entre leur message aimable et dynamique – où sont promus le progrès, la modernité et la reconnaissance de la femme – et la structure figée dans laquelle s’inscrit ce message ; dans ces publicités, sauf exception, la Banque se présente, en effet, comme régulatrice d’un corps social rigide où chacun doit s’en tenir à la place qui lui est assignée.
La conversion des propriétés conventuelles et l’héritage des communautés religieuses à travers la perspective de l’aménagement du territoire : ine étude de cas des « grands domaines » de Sillery
Authors: Berthold Etienne , Aubin Laurent
Published: September 2016

Au Québec, depuis quelques années, plusieurs communautés religieuses connaissent des transformations majeures sous l’effet de l’amenuisement de leurs effectifs. Il s’ensuit des manifestations, sans cesse plus nombreuses et diversifiées, visant la mise en valeur de l’héritage des communautés religieuses. Cet article s’intéresse au processus de conversion des propriétés conventuelles et à la dynamique patrimoniale qu’il implique du point de vue de l’aménagement du territoire. À travers l’étude de cas du secteur des « grands domaines » et du site patrimonial de Sillery (Ville de Québec), l’article retrace et analyse les interprétations associées à la conversion des propriétés conventuelles et, par extension, à l’héritage des communautés religieuses.
Feasibility of supervised self‐testing using an oral fluid‐based HIV rapid testing method: a cross‐sectional, mixed method study among pregnant women in rural India
Authors: Sarkar Archana , Mburu Gitau , Shivkumar Poonam Varma , Sharma Pankhuri , Campbell Fiona , Behera Jagannath , Dargan Ritu , Mishra Surendra Kumar , Mehra Sunil
Published: September 2016

Introduction

HIV self‐testing can increase coverage of essential HIV services. This study aimed to establish the acceptability, concordance and feasibility of supervised HIV self‐testing among pregnant women in rural India.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, mixed methods study was conducted among 202 consenting pregnant women in a rural Indian hospital between August 2014 and January 2015. Participants were provided with instructions on how to self‐test using OraQuick® HIV antibody test, and subsequently asked to self‐test under supervision of a community health worker. Test results were confirmed at a government‐run integrated counselling and testing centre. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on patient demographics and the ease, acceptability and difficulties of self‐testing. In‐depth interviews were conducted with a sub‐sample of 35 participants to understand their experiences.

Results

In total, 202 participants performed the non‐invasive, oral fluid‐based, rapid test under supervision for HIV screening. Acceptance rate was 100%. Motivators for self‐testing included: ease of testing (43.4%), quick results (27.3%) and non‐invasive procedure (23.2%). Sensitivity and specificity were 100% for 201 tests, and one test was invalid. Concordance of test result interpretation between community health workers and participants was 98.5% with a Cohen's Kappa (k) value of k=0.566 with p<0.001 for inter‐rater agreement. Although 92.6% participants reported that the instructions for the test were easy to understand, 18.7% required the assistance of a supervisor to self‐test. Major themes that emerged from the qualitative interviews indicated the importance of the following factors in influencing acceptability of self‐testing: clarity and accessibility of test instructions; time‐efficiency and convenience of testing; non‐invasiveness of the test; and fear of incorrect results. Overall, 96.5% of the participants recommended that the OraQuick® test kits should become publicly available.

Conclusions

Self‐testing for HIV status using an oral fluid‐based rapid test under the supervision of a community health worker was acceptable and feasible among pregnant women in rural India. Participants were supportive of making self‐testing publicly available. Policy guidelines and implementation research are required to advance HIV self‐testing for larger populations at scale.