bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Melatonin 1a Receptor Signaling and Trafficking by Asparagine-124
Authors: Nelson Cole S. , Ikeda Masayuki , Gompf Heinrich S. , Robinson Mindi L. , Fuchs Nadine K. , Yoshioka Tohru , Neve Kim A. , Allen Charles N.
Published: January 2014

Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates seasonal reproduction and has been used to treat circadian rhythm disorders. The melatonin 1a receptor is a seven- transmembrane domain receptor that signals predominately via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. Point mutations were created at residue N124 in cytoplasmic domain II of the receptor and the mutant receptors were expressed in a neurohormonal cell line. The acidic N124D- and E-substituted receptors had high-affinity 125I-melatonin binding and a subcellular localization similar to the neutral N124N wild-type receptor. Melatonin efficacy for the inhibition of cAMP by N124D and E mutations was significantly decreased. N124D and E mutations strongly compromised melatonin efficacy and potency for inhibition of K+-induced intracellular Ca++ fluxes and eliminated control of spontaneous calcium fluxes. However, these substitutions did not appear to affect activation of Kir3 potassium channels. The hydrophobic N124L and N124A or basic N124K mutations failed to bind 125I-melatonin and appeared to aggregate or traffic improperly. N124A and N124K receptors were retained in the Golgi. Therefore, mutants at N124 separated into two sets: the first bound 125I-melatonin with high affinity and trafficked normally, but with reduced inhibitory coupling to adenylyl cyclase and Ca++ channels. The second set lacked melatonin binding and exhibited severe trafficking defects. In summary, asparagine-124 controls melatonin receptor function as evidenced by changes in melatonin binding, control of cAMP levels, and regulation of ion channel activity. Asparagine-124 also has a unique structural effect controlling receptor distribution within the cell.
Regulation of Phosphoinositide Metabolism, Akt Phosphorylation, and Glucose Transport by PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10) in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Ono Hiraku , Katagiri Hideki , Funaki Makoto , Anai Motonobu , Inukai Kouichi , Fukushima Yasushi , Sakoda Hideyuki , Ogihara Takehide , Onishi Yukiko , Fujishiro Midori , Kikuchi Masatoshi , Oka Yoshitomo , Asano Tomoichiro
Published: January 2014

To investigate the roles of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in the regulation of 3-position phosphorylated phosphoinositide metabolism as well as insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and glucose metabolism, wild-type PTEN and its phosphatase-dead mutant (C124S) with or without an N-terminal myristoylation tag were overexpressed in Sf-9 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes using baculovirus and adenovirus systems, respectively. When expressed in Sf-9 cells together with the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, myristoylated PTEN markedly reduced the accumulations of both phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate induced by p110α. In contrast, overexpression of the C124S mutants apparently increased these accumulations.

In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin-induced accumulations of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate were markedly suppressed by overexpression of wild-type PTEN with the N-terminal myristoylation tag, but not by that without the tag. On the contrary, the C124S mutants of PTEN enhanced insulin-induced accumulations of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Interestingly, the phosphorylation level of Akt at Thr308 (Akt2 at Thr309), but not at Ser473 (Akt2 at Ser474), was revealed to correlate well with the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate modified by overexpression of these PTEN proteins. Finally, insulin-induced increases in glucose transport activity were significantly inhibited by the overexpression of myristoylated wild-type PTEN, but were not enhanced by expression of the C124S mutant of PTEN. Therefore, in conclusion, 1) PTEN dephosphorylates both phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in vivo, and the C124S mutants interrupt endogenous PTEN activity in a dominant-negative manner. 2) The membrane targeting process of PTEN may be important for exerting its function. 3) Phosphorylations of Thr309 and Ser474 of Akt2 are regulated differently, and the former is regulated very sensitively by the function of PTEN. 4) The phosphorylation level of Ser474, but not that of Thr309, in Akt2 correlates well with insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 5) The activity of endogenous PTEN may not play a major role in the regulation of glucose transport activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Degradation of RXRs Influences Sensitivity of Rat Osteosarcoma Cells to the Antiproliferative Effects of Calcitriol
Authors: Prüfer Kirsten , Schröder Claudia , Hegyi Krisztina , Barsony Julia
Published: January 2014

Several cell lines, including ROS17/2.8 rat osteosarcoma (ROS) cells, contain functional VDRs and RXRs but are resistant to the antiproliferative effects of calcitriol and retinoids. We explored the role of receptor degradation in this hormone resistance. Results of transactivation assays indicated that ROS cells contain insufficient amounts of RXR to activate a DR-1 reporter, and Western blot analyses of cell extracts showed that the degradation of RXR is accelerated and produces an aberrant 45-kDa RXR. We stably expressed functional fluorescent chimeras of VDR and RXR [green fluorescent protein (GFP)-VDR; yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-RXR] to evaluate degradation mechanisms and the impact of excess receptor expression on antiproliferative effects. Microscopy showed a diminished expression of YFP-RXR in ROS cells compared with the expression in CV-1 cells. Treatment with inhibitors of proteasomal degradation (lactacystin and MG132) selectively enhanced GFP-VDR and YFP-RXR expression and also increased the endogenous levels of VDR and RXR. Expression of GFP-VDR had no effect on the sensitivity of ROS cells to calcitriol. Increases of RXR levels by YFP-RXR expression, drug treatments, or the combination of the two, however, restored the growth-inhibitory effects of calcitriol and 9-cis-RA and restored p21 induction by calcitriol. These studies revealed that an accelerated and aberrant RXR degradation could cause resistance to the antiproliferative effects of calcitriol and retinoids in ROS cells.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Is a Target for the Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor Ikaros in the Pituitary
Authors: Yu ShunJiang , Asa Sylvia L. , Ezzat Shereen
Published: January 2014

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in a multitude of endocrine cell hormonal and proliferative properties, and FGFR4 is differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic pituitary. We therefore examined the functionally important cis-DNA elements and multiprotein complexes implicated in the cooperative control of expression of the human FGFR4 gene in pituitary cells. Using deletional mapping, we defined a 214-bp (−115/+99) promoter that was functional in pituitary GH4 and PRL 235 cells. Overlapping 40- to 50-bp fragments of this minimal promoter were examined by EMSA. Interestingly, fragment C (−64/−26) included potential binding sites for the hematopoietic zinc finger-containing transcription factor Ikaros (Ik) flanked by binding sites for Sp and Ets-type factors. DNA binding by Ik, Sp, and Ets-like factors was confirmed by oligonucleotide competition and supershifting with specific antibodies. Transcriptional regulation of FGFR4 by Ik was demonstrated by cotransfection of Ik1 with or without Sp1 or Ets overexpression and by disruption of the Ik binding site. Although both Ets-1 and Sp1 overexpression stimulated promoter activity, mutation of the Ik-binding site completely eliminated the Ik1 effect. Specific Ik expression was identified by Western blotting of pituitary GH4 and PRL235 cells and localized in primary mouse hormone-producing anterior pituitary cells by immunocytochemistry. Our findings point to a new role for Ik outside the hematopoietic system and suggest a novel transcriptional contribution with Ets and Sp1 in regulation of FGFR4 in the pituitary.
Identification and In vitro Characterization of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Receptor Variants Associated with Abnormal Ovarian Response to FSH
Authors: Gerasimova Tsilya , Thanasoula Maria N. , Zattas Dimitrios , Seli Emre , Sakkas Denny , Lalioti Maria D.
Published: January 2014

Context

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) mediates cyclic follicle growth and development and is widely used for controlled ovarian stimulation in women undergoing infertility treatment. The ovarian response of women to FSH is variable, ranging from poor response to ovarian hyperstimulation.

Objective

We investigated whether genetic alterations of the FSH receptor (FSHR) contribute to this variability.

Design and Patients

Our approach was to study women undergoing treatment with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) falling into the edges of the normal distribution of ovarian response to FSH, with respect to age.

Setting

Yale Fertility Clinic.

Methods

We extracted RNA from cumulus cells surrounding the oocytes of women undergoing IVF and analyzed the FSHR mRNA by RT-PCR and sequencing.

Results

We identified four abnormal FSHR splicing products (3 exon deletions and 1 intron insertion) in the FSHR mRNA in 37% (13/35) of women tested. All alterations affected the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the receptor without causing a frameshift. When transfected in HEK293T cells, all four splicing variants showed markedly decreased cAMP activation compared to controls. Untransfected cells showed no response to FSH, while all the cell lines showed normal cAMP activation when treated with Forskolin, a non-receptor mediated cAMP stimulant. None of the normal or mutant forms showed any response to luteinizing or thyroid stimulating hormones.

Conclusions

Our findings strongly indicate FSHR variants as being an intrinsic genetic cause of some forms of infertility and identify a need for functional characterization of these variants and the investigation of more individualized ovarian stimulation protocols.
Expression of Adrenomedullin in Human Oviduct, Its Regulation by the Hormonal Cycle and Contact with Spermatozoa, And Its Effect on Ciliary Beat Frequency of the Oviductal Epithelium
Authors: Li Hang Wu Raymond , Liao Subin , Chiu Philip Chi Ngong , Tam Winky W. , Ho James C. , Ng Ernest , Ho Pak Chung , Yeung William S. B. , Tang Fai , O Wai Sum
Published: January 2014

Context: Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been found expressed in the mouse oviduct and might play a role in reproduction.

Objective: To demonstrate the expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) in the human oviduct, investigate its regulation by steroidal hormones and spermatozoa contact, and study its effect on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in the human oviduct.

Design, Setting, Patients and Interventions: Oviducts from women undergoing hysterectomy for benign diseases in a university hospital were collected. The oviducts were treated with estradiol and/or progesterone to simulate different phases of the ovarian cycle. ADM expression was studied at the peptide and mRNA levels by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR respectively. CBF was measured after treatment with graded concentrations of ADM and its antagonists. Cells from OE-E6/E7, an immortalized oviductal cell line, as well as oviductal tissue were co-cultured with and without direct contact with capacitated human spermatozoa to compare oviductal cell ADM expression levels. CBF was also analyzed in oviductal tissue after spermatozoa-oviduct co-incubation.

Results: ADM expression was the highest in the isthmic region and in a hormonal environment simulating the early luteal phase. CBF was increased by ADM in a dose-dependent manner which was blocked by ADM and calcitonin-gene-related peptide receptor antagonists. Direct contact with spermatozoa in co-culture resulted in higher ADM expression in OE-E6/E7 cell line and oviductal tissue, and higher CBF in oviductal epithelium.

Conclusions: ADM expression in the human oviduct is hormone-dependent and is up-regulated by sperm contact. ADM stimulates ciliary motility of the human oviduct.
Ethylene/Ethane Separation through a SiO2–Poly(sodium acrylate)–Ag+ Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Membrane
Authors: Kuraoka Koji , Matsuura Shinji , Ueda Kosuke
Published: January 2014

Highly ethylene-selective organic–inorganic hybrid membranes were prepared via sol–gel method and Ag+-exchange treatment. The ratio of the permeance, C2H4/C2H6 through the membrane was more than 90 at 373 K and showed a dependence on temperature. Increase in the measurement temperature promoted the decomplexation of C2H4 from sites. The membrane indicates C2H4 selectivity even at relatively high temperature and at 298 K using a mixture of 50% C2H4–50% C2H6 as feed gas.
Remarkable Enhancement of Stability and Helix-sense Excess of Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Foldamers Assisted by Linking with Achiral (Metallo)salen Tethers and Their Application to Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Ousaka Naoki , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Yashima Eiji
Published: January 2014

Two foldamer strands, which possess chiral amide pendants but imperfect helical handedness, were linked by an achiral (metallo)salen tether, leading to a remarkable enhancement of helical stability and helix-sense excess as a result of the intramolecular hydrogen-bond networks along the entire dimeric foldamer strand; the MnIII salen complexes catalyzed an asymmetric epoxidation reaction.
Simulation Education Approaches to Enhance Collaborative Healthcare: A Best Practices Review
Authors: Murdoch Natalie L. , Bottorff Joan L. , McCullough Deborah
Published: January 2014

Interprofessional simulation can provide health profession program educators with an effective means to prepare future practitioners to engage in meaningful collaboration. This systematic review was conducted to identify best practice recommendations to enhance collaborative healthcare using interprofessional simulation education innovations for learners in pre-licensure nursing programs. Using a systematic review methodology, 375 articles were reviewed and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the methodological strength of the research and the impact of the simulation innovations, the following simulation techniques were recommended: high-fidelity human patient simulators, role play, and didactic lecture and audience response didactic lecture, both followed by role play with a standardized patient. Instructor modeling was related to achievement of interprofessional competencies when compared to no modeling. Future research is needed to identify optimal timing for implementing interprofessional education innovations, for development of appropriate evaluation tools, and to determine the effects of collaborative practice on patient care.
North Korea's Energy Conundrum
Authors: Ahn Se Hyun
Published: January 2014

This article examines North Korea’s current energy security situation and suggests several possible energy options for the country to overcome its energy shortage crisis. The study investigates the serious problems of North Korea’s heavily China-dependent energy structure, and ultimately proposes ensuring North Korea’s energy security by promoting various natural gas aid programs over the longer term.
Why Did the Self-employed Distrust the Democratic Party in South Korea’s 2012 Presidential Election?
Authors: Yun Ji-Whan
Published: January 2014

Why did Korea’s self-employed voters express their disapproval of the Democratic Party in the 2012 presidential election? This paper argues that this distrust was historically shaped. It originated from the failure of the former Democratic governments (1998–2007) in flexicurity reforms, which jeopardized the livelihoods of the self-employed.
Calreticulin from suboolemmal vesicles affects membrane regulation of polyspermy
Authors: Saavedra María Dolores , Mondéjar Irene , Coy Pilar , Betancourt Miguel , González-Márquez Humberto , Jiménez-Movilla María , Avilés Manuel , Romar Raquel
Published: January 2014

This study was designed to determine whether calreticulin (CRT), a chaperone protein, is present inin vitro-matured (IVM) pig oocytes and to study its potential role in the block to polyspermy. Western blot analysis, using an anti-CRT antibody, of oocyte lysate showed an immunoreactive band of ∼60 kDa. Simultaneous labeling of IVM oocytes with anti-CRT antibody and peanut agglutinin lectin (PNA lectin, a porcine cortical granules (CG)-specific binding lectin) revealed localization of CRT in the subplasmalemmal region with a 27.7% colocalization with PNA staining. After IVF, PNA labeling was not observed and anti-CRT labeling decreased significantly in zygotes and disappeared in two-cell embryos. Western blot analysis of oocyte exudate obtained from zona pellucida (ZP)-free oocytes activated with calcium ionophore confirmed the presence of a band that reacted with an anti-CRT antibody. Anti-CRT antibody and PNA labeling were not observed in activated oocytes despite being detectable in non-activated oocytes. The presence of CRT in vesicles located under the oolemma was demonstrated using immunogold cytochemistry at the ultrastructural level. To study the role of CRT in fertilization, ZP-enclosed and ZP-free oocytes were incubated with exogenous CRT and then inseminated. Whereas ZP-free oocytes showed fewer penetrating sperm and lower polyspermy rates than untreated oocytes, the opposite effect was observed in ZP-enclosed oocytes. In conclusion, CRT is confined to subplasmalemmal vesicles partially overlapping with CG contents. Its exocytosis after the oocyte activation seems to participate in the membrane block to polyspermy in pigs but is not involved in the ZP block.
Reducao do uso de acucar em escolas publicas: ensaio randomizado por conglomerados
Authors: Souza Rita Adriana Gomes de , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Souza Amanda de Moura , Sichieri Rosely
Published: January 2014

OBJETIVO Analisar a eficácia de ações de educação nutricional com merendeiras na redução da adição de açúcar na alimentação escolar e no próprio consumo. MÉTODOS Ensaio randomizado por conglomerado, controlado, conduzido em 20 escolas municipais na cidade metropolitana de Niterói, RJ, de março a dezembro de 2007. Programa de educação nutricional foi implementado nas escolas de intervenção, junto a merendeiras, usando mensagens, atividades e material educativo que encorajassem a redução da adição de açúcar na alimentação escolar e no consumo. A redução da disponibilidade de açúcar pelas escolas foi analisada por planilhas com dados da utilização dos itens do estoque. O consumo individual das merendeiras foi avaliado pelo uso de questionário de frequência de consumo alimentar. As medidas antropométricas foram realizadas de acordo com técnicas padronizadas e a variação na mudança do peso foi medida ao longo do estudo. RESULTADOS A redução da disponibilidade de açúcar ocorreu mais acentuadamente nas escolas de intervenção quando comparadas às escolas controle (-6,0 kg versus 3,4 kg), sem diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,21), embora o poder do estudo tenha sido baixo. Houve redução do consumo de doces e bebidas açucaradas nos dois grupos, mas o consumo de açúcar não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre eles. Houve redução do peso e do consumo de energia total nos dois grupos, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles e sem modificação dos percentuais de adequação dos macronutrientes em relação ao consumo de energia. CONCLUSÕES Não foi possível provar que a estratégia de redução da disponibilidade e do consumo de açúcar por merendeiras de escolas públicas se mostrou eficaz.
Influencia de fatores psicossociais na cessacao do tabagismo: evidencias longitudinais no Estudo Pro-Saude
Authors: Lopes Claudia S , Sampaio Maria Miranda Autran , Werneck Guilherme L , Chor Dora , Faerstein Eduardo
Published: January 2014

OBJETIVO Analisar a incidência de cessação de tabagismo e sua associação com fatores psicossociais. MÉTODOS Foram analisados dados de três fases consecutivas do Estudo Pró-Saúde, estudo longitudinal entre funcionários técnico-administrativos de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os critérios de inclusão foram ter participado das Fases 1 e 3 e ser fumante na linha de base (Fase 1 – 1999). Foram excluídos indivíduos que, no seguimento (Fase 3 – 2007), tinham parado de fumar há menos de um ano. A população final de estudo foi composta de 661 funcionários (78% dos elegíveis). Os riscos relativos (RR) da cessação do tabagismo foram avaliados pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. RESULTADOS A incidência acumulada de cessação do fumo em oito anos de seguimento foi de 27,7%. Entre os fatores psicossociais avaliados, ausência de experiência de violência física apresentou-se associada à maior cessação de tabagismo na análise multivariada (RR = 1,67; IC95% 1,09;2,55). CONCLUSÕES A incidência de cessação de tabagismo foi alta, e o fato de não terem sido encontradas associações com a maioria dos fatores avaliados sugere que grande parte do efeito encontrado seja decorrente do impacto relativamente homogêneo das políticas públicas implementadas no Brasil nas últimas décadas. A associação encontrada entre ausência de exposição à violência e maior incidência de cessação de tabagismo aponta para a importância desse fator nas políticas de controle do tabagismo.
O desafio de avaliar o impacto das ciencias para alem da bibliometria
Authors: Barreto Mauricio L
Published: January 2014

Espera-se que os conhecimentos produzidos pela investigação cientifica transformem-se em benefícios concretos (materiais ou não materiais). A bibliometria, com seus vários índices, tornou-se a referência da avaliação científica e a principal estratégia de medida objetiva do impacto. No Brasil, o sistema de avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior tem sido de grande importância para o desenvolvimento da pós-graduação e da pesquisa; entretanto, identificam-se necessidades de mudanças, sendo uma delas o enfoque bibliométrico. Se considerarmos a área da saúde, o desafio do Sistema Único de Saúde implica na busca de alternativas cientificamente embasadas para um complexo de questões que vão do diagnóstico, cura e prevenção de uma variedade de problemas até a organização de uma macroestrutura capaz de dar amplo e igual acesso aos recursos demandados pela saúde da população. As soluções exigirão dos pesquisadores competência e criatividade e destes esperam-se produtos que incluam, mas que certamente não poderão se restringir às publicações científicas.
A study of the possibility of using TFT-LCD waste glass as an admixture for steam-cured PHC piles
Authors: Jang Hong-seok , Jeon Seong-hwan , So Hyoung-seok , So Seung-young
Published: January 2014

In the high-tech industry in Korea, the use of thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) glass products has increased significantly in recent years and large amounts of TFT-LCD waste glass are produced during the manufacturing process. This research studied the effect of TFT-LCD waste glass proportions on binder in mortar when added with an appropriate amount of activator. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal replacement content to ensure that the quality of prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) products is maintained. The results indicate that the use of TFT-LCD waste glass powder as an admixture for PHC piles was efficient in reducing alkali–silica reaction expansion and increasing workability. The compressive strength of mortars with TFT-LCD waste glass was also improved compared with that of normal mortar, due to the increased amount of calcium silicate hydrates created by pozzolanic reaction between the waste glass and activator. In field tests, the compressive strength of a PHC pile with TFT-LCD waste glass powder was about 3 MPa higher than that of a normal PHC pile. Guidelines are suggested for the recycling of TFT-LCD waste glass in steam-cured concrete products such as PHC piles.
Individual differences in granularity of the affective responses to music
Authors: Kantor-Martynuska Joanna , Bigand Emmanuel
Published: January 2014

The main focus of the paper is the role of listeners’ emotion-relevant characteristics and musical expertise in the granularity of affective responses to music. Another objective of the study is to test the consistency of the granularity of affect that is perceived in music and/or experienced in response to it. In Experiment 1, 91 musicians and nonmusicians listened to musical excerpts and grouped them according to the similarity of the affects they experienced while listening. Finer grouping granularity was found in musicians and high rumination scorers. Male musicians with above-median scores in rumination produced a larger number of clusters than the other male participants. Experiment 2 that engaged 23 participants demonstrated moderate consistency with which listeners grouped affects that they perceived in music and affects they experienced while listening to music. The study suggests that affective responses to music are subject to individual differences in musical expertise and rumination. Affects perceived in music and felt in response to it seem to be categorized with reference to the common principles. However, the cues that are used in such instances of categorization seem to be different. The paper encourages further research on the importance of listeners’ personal characteristics for the affective responses to music.
Montesquieu hypothesis and football: players from hot countries are more expressive after scoring a goal
Authors: Sorokowski P. , Sorokowska A. , Onyishi I. E. , Szarota P.
Published: January 2014

Analysis of sportsmen behavior enabled the authors to conduct simultaneous analysis of emotional expression of people from many distinct countries and cultures. In the study, participants from Nigeria and Poland watched all the goals scored in group matches of the 1998, 2002 and 2006 World Cups and assessed the emotions players expressed after scoring each goal on three scales (happiness, anger, and excitement). Based on the assessment of the participants, emotional expression of football players from 51 countries was analyzed. Basing on “Montesquieu hypothesis”, it was shown that players born in warmer climates (controlling for HDI of their country) express more excitement and happiness after scoring a goal. Further cross-cultural differences were also found. The results are discussed in context of previous cross-cultural studies regarding emotional expression
First International Conference of Confederations of Epidemiological Associations (ICRMSW 2013)
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit
Published: January 2014

It gives me immense pleasure to witness and participate in  the International Conference of research Methodology and Scientific Writing (ICRMSW-2013) organized by Mahatma Gandhi University and Confederation of Epidemiological Associations. It was the 1st Conference Confederation of Epidemiological Associations (CEA) being held at Kottayam, Kerala from December 20-22nd 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i4.9521
Nation and Nature Preservation in France and England in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Mathis Charles François
Published: January 2014

The article proposes to compare the ways nature in France and England was considered, in the nineteenth century, as a patrimoine to be preserved. It analyses first how the disruption of the industrial revolution in England and the discovery of the English landscapes led to a vision of what was considered as the most typical English landscape. In France, on the contrary, no such singular landscape emerged: the article underlines that, following the French revolution, what mattered in this country was history, not nature - even natural places were protected for their historical associations. The consequences of these two different approaches can be seen in the founding battles for nature preservation in France and England: respectively those of Fontainebleau Forest and Thirlmere. While the latter strengthened the environmental movement in England, the preservation of Fontainebleau forest did not have such an impact on the national scale. The article concludes by trying to understand how, from these very different premises, French and English preservation movements related to a nature-patrimoine, finally converged at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Les crises financières sont-elles une fatalité ?
Authors: Waquet Isabelle , Thibault Nicolas
Published: January 2014

Dès le milieu du XIX e siècle, l’essor des systèmes financiers provoque des crises financières récurrentes qui éclatent dans le secteur bancaire, sur le marché boursier, sur le marché des changes ou au niveau des dettes publiques. La crise marque le retournement du cycle financier : après une période ascendante (hausse du crédit ou du cours des valeurs mobilières par exemple) accentuée par des comportements spéculatifs, le mouvement s’inverse brutalement. La crise peut se transmettre au secteur réel et provoquer une rupture de la croissance économique : chute de la production, hausse du chômage, difficultés à renouer avec une croissance durable.
La finance comportementale,
Authors: Tadjeddine Yamina
Published: January 2014

Le paradigme classique de la finance repose sur deux postulats : la rationalité de la décision et l’efficience des prix. Les observations faites sur les marchés et en laboratoire ont remis en cause ce cadre théorique ouvrant ainsi la voie à de nouvelles explications. La finance comportementale s’est ainsi constituée à partir du début des années quatre-vingt-dix, en formulant de nouvelles hypothèses plus réalistes pour appréhender les comportements financiers. Mobilisant la théorie des perspectives de Kahneman et Tversky et des résultats en psychologie cognitive, ce courant a permis d’expliquer nombre de faits considérés dans le paradigme classique comme des anomalies ou des irrationalités.
Les réformes de la régulation bancaire
Authors: Couppey-Soubeyran Jézabel
Published: January 2014

La crise financière amorcée en 2007 s’est en quelques années muée en crise économique et sociale profonde. L’addition des millions d’emplois perdus en Europe et aux États-Unis, des points de croissance détruits, des aides et garanties mobilisées pour sauver les banques conduit à chiffrer le coût de cette crise en milliers de milliards de dollars. Il serait injuste de considérer que rien n’a été fait. D’épais projets de lois ont vu le jour de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, dont le contenu ne modifiera guère cependant le fonctionnement du secteur bancaire et financier. La stabilité financière reste un horizon lointain.
Découvrir la sociologie avec le cirque
Authors: Boudon Richard V.
Published: January 2014

En appliquant leur travail à un même thème, le cirque, les élèves de première ES du lycée Rimbaud, à Sin-le-Noble, ont été en mesure de mieux s’approprier le programme de sciences économiques et sociales. Ils ont pu ainsi comprendre comment un sociologue étudie un phénomène social, et mesurer les difficultés et les limites de cette analyse tout en ayant un autre regard sur le monde du cirque et l’apprentissage.
La collégialité à l'épreuve
Authors: Hobeika Alexandre
Published: January 2014

Comment la FNSEA, qui regroupe une grande diversité d’intérêts antagonistes, parvient-elle à maintenir sa cohésion interne ? Une enquête ethnographique dans la fédération départementale de l’Orne permet d’observer le travail quotidien de l’unité, à travers les nombreuses réunions auxquelles participent les syndicalistes, concernant notamment la gestion des moyens de production socialisés. L’évitement des arbitrages entre groupes d’intérêt internes au syndicat conduit à une gestion partiellement clientélaire du marché des terres. À l’inverse, le gouvernement des filières de production et les négociations collectives des prix entretiennent des débats internes à ces groupes d’intérêt, exprimés dans le registre de l’expertise économique, qui fonctionne comme un langage commun. Enfin, la cohésion symbolique se noue autour d’une identité collective de « bons agriculteurs », qui associe honorabilité locale traditionnelle et conformité professionnelle aux prescriptions dominantes.
Faire corps avec les agriculteurs
Authors: Chupin Ivan , Mayance Pierre
Published: January 2014

Cet article interroge l’importance de la presse professionnelle agricole pour la FNSEA, qui y joue en partie sa représentativité. Dans un premier temps, est mis au jour un mouvement de concentration progressive de cette presse au profit du syndicalisme majoritaire. Dans des moments de remise en cause de sa position, l’enjeu pour la FNSEA est de réaffirmer sa centralité et notamment de construire symboliquement l’unité au sein de groupes sociaux agricoles très hétérogènes. Le groupe Réussir en 1986 rassemble des journaux départementaux sous la tutelle syndicale. La prise de participations économiques en 2011 dans les fleurons de cette presse professionnelle (agence Agra, France agricole ) permet à la FNSEA de se poser en défenseur de l’ensemble de la profession. L’actionnariat est un attribut de la puissance syndicale. Dans un second temps, les auteurs questionnent les modalités du contrôle de la ligne éditoriale et du travail des journalistes dans des titres qui dépendent du syndicalisme majoritaire. Ils analysent une pluralité de rapports à la tutelle syndicale, en relation avec les trajectoires individuelles des journalistes. La FNSEA est donc loin d’exercer sur ces médias une forme de domination monolithique.
Enseigner le terroir
Authors: Rogers Juliette
Published: January 2014

Cet article analyse la formation et la consolidation de deux syndicats de défense d’appellations d’origine contrôlée (AOC), celui du fromage Époisses en Côte-d’Or et en Haute-Marne et celui qui regroupe les trois AOC fromagères de Basse-Normandie. Les deux enquêtes ethnographiques menées dans ces régions donnent à voir l’activité idéologique réalisée au sein de groupes d’intérêt dont les membres sont réunis de facto par une démarche collective préexistante et qui s’efforcent ensuite de susciter de l’adhésion et de la loyauté. Dans ces deux filières, les producteurs de lait n’ont que récemment été invités à participer, et les syndicats se sont engagés à les former à « la logique du terroir » afin de les convaincre de suivre la démarche AOC et de se mettre en accord sur un cahier des charges définissant les méthodes de production laitière en conformité avec ces principes. Obtenir suffisamment d’adhérents ne constitue qu’une partie de l’enjeu, les dirigeants devaient faire en sorte que les participants acceptent les standards nationaux de l’AOC. Mais ces producteurs sont des « cotisants captifs » à un syndicat dont le travail suppose de négocier sur des questions agronomiques en suivant la conception du terroir proposée par les promoteurs nationaux des AOC, ce qui provoque des conflits avec d’autres systèmes de croyances plus établis portés par différents acteurs du secteur agricole. Ces héritages influent sur les formes effectives que « le terroir » peut prendre au cours des débats entre producteurs, sans pour autant atténuer les opportunités économiques offertes par cette construction idéologique.
Effects of Capture on the Reproductive Performance of Female Moose
Authors: Lowe Stacey J. , Aderman Andy R.
Published: January 2014

Since 1998, 83 female moose Alces alces have been captured and instrumented with radiocollars as part of a population dynamics study in southwestern Alaska. Moose were pursued and immobilized with carfentanil citrate and xylazine HCl administered from a dart gun fired from a helicopter. We investigated the potential for capture and radiotelemetry instrumentation to alter calf production or recruitment of 78 radiocollared adult female moose. Calf production or recruitment by radioed females was not significantly different between capture and noncapture years (P < 0.290; P < 0.789, respectively). We recommend the continued use of these capture and immobilization methods for deploying radiocollars to study moose population dynamics in this region.
Summation
Authors: Ard Constance
Published: January 2014

In this chapter, the author summarizes the book's chapters into a concise statement of the value and benefits of KM.
Collaborative Usage and Development of Models
Authors: Prilla Michael , Nolte Alexander , Herrmann Thomas , Kolfschoten Gwendolyn , Lukosch Stephan
Published: January 2014

Collaborative usage and development of models is an interesting challenge for modern organizations. While models play a decisive role in the planning, analytics and execution of many processes, active involvement of people other than modeling experts in creating or using models beyond providing information and being queried about the fit of models to their work is rare in practice. This article creates a context for collaborative model usage and development by describing its benefits, its origins and existing work on the topic. It also presents a taxonomy of existing approaches to support collaborative model usage and development and elaborates on research needs and challenges to be overcome in order to establish it as common practice in organizations. It then builds a bridge to the three contributions in this Special Issue, which describe cutting edge and unique research on these needs and challenges.
Especialización y revistas académicas españolas de Comunicación
Authors: Tur-Viñes Victoria , López-Sánchez Carmen , García del Castillo Rodríguez José Antonio , López-Ornelas Maricela , Monserrat-Gauchi Juan , Quiles-Soler Mari Carmen
Published: January 2014

La especialización de las revistas se desprende de la clasificación que reciben en bases de datos y de los términos utilizados en su información pública (denominación, temática declarada y público destinatario). La especialización se manifiesta en la imagen proyectada por la revista y es decisiva para su elección y consideración; también indica el grado de consolidación del campo científico. Se adopta el enfoque de la Comunicación Estratégica. Metodología. Se realiza un análisis de contenido de las variables mencionadas en las webs y de las categorías de clasificación en IN-RECS, Dialnet, Carhus Plus+, RESH, DICE, MIAR e ISOC. La muestra está compuesta por 63 revistas académicas españolas de Comunicación. Resultados y conclusiones. La mayoría de revistas (80%) utiliza descriptores generalistas coincidentes con el campo científico o área de conocimiento. El 57% de revistas menciona subdisciplinas concretas manifestando un grado de especialización mayor. Se verifica que las denominaciones utilizadas por las bases de datos para nombrar el campo científico y el área de conocimiento presentan cierto desorden y no observan criterios comunes.
A Critical Review of Dental Caries in Individuals with Cleft Lip
Authors: Bastos Roosevelt S , Pinto Edu Cassiano Hugo , Pinto Elda Garbo , Soares Simone , Oliveira Thais Marchini , Almeida Ana Lucia Pompéia Fraga , Bastos José-Roberto Magalhães
Published: January 2014

Introduction

People with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often have problems with oral hygiene due to the difficulty of obtaining appropriate mechanical biofilm control.

Objectives

To review the literature and to seek an epidemio logical profile of dental caries in individuals with CLP.

Materials and methods

In the PubMed database and Web of Knowledge, using the keywords ‘dental caries’ and ‘cleft lip,’ 58 studies were collected, of which 13 were selected. After collection of the epidemiological data of dental caries from each paper, the age of the study subjects, the severity of dental caries (DMFT/dmft), and kappa statistics were gathered.

Results

The cross-sectional studies totaled four papers, and there were nine case-control studies; six of them showed a more severe caries index in the case group (CLP), two studies showed the control group (without CLP) having higher caries severity, and one only paper with one age (14 years) indicated higher severity in the control group.

Conclusion

Overall, the rate of dental decay found in individuals with CLP was higher than among people without this condition in the studies evaluated.

How to cite this article

Pinto ECH, Pinto EG, Soares S, Oliveira TM, Almeida ALPF, Bastos JRM, Bastos RS. A Critical Review of Dental Caries in Individuals with Cleft Lip. World J Dent 2013;4(4):272-275.
Representation of model error in a convective-scale ensemble prediction system
Authors: Baker L. H. , Rudd A. C. , Migliorini S. , Bannister R. N.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. In this paper ensembles of forecasts (of up to six hours) are studied from a convection-permitting model with a representation of model error due to unresolved processes. The ensemble prediction system (EPS) used is an experimental convection-permitting version of the UK Met Office's 24-member Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS). The method of representing model error variability, which perturbs parameters within the model's parameterisation schemes, has been modified and we investigate the impact of applying this scheme in different ways. These are: a control ensemble where all ensemble members have the same parameter values; an ensemble where the parameters are different between members, but fixed in time; and ensembles where the parameters are updated randomly every 30 or 60 min. The choice of parameters and their ranges of variability have been determined from expert opinion and parameter sensitivity tests. A case of frontal rain over the southern UK has been chosen, which has a multi-banded rainfall structure. The consequences of including model error variability in the case studied are mixed and are summarised as follows. The multiple banding, evident in the radar, is not captured for any single member. However, the single band is positioned in some members where a secondary band is present in the radar. This is found for all ensembles studied. Adding model error variability with fixed parameters in time does increase the ensemble spread for near-surface variables like wind and temperature, but can actually decrease the spread of the rainfall. Perturbing the parameters periodically throughout the forecast does not further increase the spread and exhibits "jumpiness" in the spread at times when the parameters are perturbed. Adding model error variability gives an improvement in forecast skill after the first 2–3 h of the forecast for near-surface temperature and relative humidity. For precipitation skill scores, adding model error variability has the effect of improving the skill in the first 1–2 h of the forecast, but then of reducing the skill after that. Complementary experiments were performed where the only difference between members was the set of parameter values (i.e. no initial condition variability). The resulting spread was found to be significantly less than the spread from initial condition variability alone.
Historia de la sangre de Alfredo Castro: entre lo real y lo perverso
Authors: Noguera Damián
Published: January 2014

El objetivo de este ensayo es analizar la obra dramática Historia de la sangre (1991) de Alfredo Castro, en el marco teórico de la aproximación lacaniana al concepto de perversión. Según la crítica, esta obra pretende representar, en el nivel escénico, un exabrupto de lo real—entendido como lo traumático, lo no mediatizado y lo irrepresentable. Sin embargo, propongo que Historia de la sangre no logra representar lo real en escena; por el contrario, a través de un discurso perverso, nos muestra significaciones fallidas de ella (fantasmas, materialidades y significantes rotos). En suma, sostengo que el trabajo de Castro revela/ acusa las estéticas, éticas y políticas de la memoria/ olvido instauradas en el Chile de post-dictadura.
José Donoso: Perversión y espacio social en la narrativa chilena
Authors: Inostroza Nicole
Published: January 2014

El tratamiento de la mirada en la escritura de Donoso se sitúa como el principal medio de comunicación en un espacio donde el uso de la lengua pública impide la expresión de afectos incómodos para el orden social. A falta de lenguaje, el paria excluido de las prácticas sociales de la familia burguesa (hetero)normativa tendrá que dar cabida al juego de entendidos mediante la mirada. Se analizarán episodios de tres obras de Donoso, donde los personajes desarrollan a través de la mirada una relación perversa: El lugar sin límites (1965), La misteriosa desaparición de la marquesita de Loria (1981), y El jardín de al lado (1981). Mediante estas obras se pretende dar una panorámica amplia del tratamiento de la mirada más allá del interés literario. Se verá que finalmente la mirada del paria propaga la obra de Donoso hacia lo social. La perversión permite al sujeto desplazarse en un espacio a medio camino entre lo público y lo privado, y manifestar sus afectos en el dialecto de los ojos.
Neurosis y perversión: lo inédito y lo prohibido. Digresión analítica sobre el caso de Pablo de Olavide y una guía de lectura para la Historia del tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición en Chile de José Toribio Medina.
Authors: Plaza Parrochia Juan Esteban
Published: January 2014

Esta investigación sobre los mecanismos de censura del Santo Oficio en las obras narrativas e históricas de Pablo de Olavide y en la historia de la Inquisición en Chile de José Toribio Medina consta de dos apartados. En el primero, se va más allá del punto de vista de la censura como mera operación impersonal y se indaga, a partir de las nociones psicoanalíticas de perversión y neurosis en las estructuras libidinales de los sujetos de los enunciados en el conjunto completo de escritura, prohibición y autoprohibición inscrito a lo largo de la trayectoria final de la producción de Olavide. Se indica en qué sentido puede calificarse al inquisidor como perverso y se ensayan dos esquemas de organización del deseo en la enunciación de los textos póstumos: separación y perversión. Una tercera tentativa estipula que la no publicación de las novelas responde a una represión neurótica de los potenciales estratégicos subversivos de la escritura – lectura (perversa) entre líneas. Un segundo apartado mostrará cómo el análisis de la obra de Olavide en los términos recién indicados ofrece una tipología que permite ordenar el registro de casos que José Toribio Medina consigna en su Historia del tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición en Chile. Si es cierto que la censura sigue padeciéndose o bien incorporándose creativamente en la escritura del peruano, ésta puede dar con algunas constantes de la descripción que hace Medina de la Inquisición chilena, subsidiaria de la peruana. Tal ejercicio cobra relevancia para el ámbito chileno si se tiene en cuenta que la administración de lo social según ciertas oposiciones fundamentales se proyectará invertida o reflexivamente en la organización de la represión que se diseñará en el estado nacional naciente.
Summer mesospheric warmings and the quasi 2 day wave
Authors: Siskind D. E. , McCormack J. P.
Published: January 2014

High‐altitude meteorological analyses are used to study the interannual variability of mesospheric weather in the Southern extratropics over five recent January's (2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010). Two features are apparent. First, there is significant variability in the quasi 2 day wave (Q2DW) with the largest amplitudes in January 2006 and also the last half of January 2005. Second, these periods coincide with high‐latitude temperature enhancements of 8–12 K. Previous studies have linked summer mesospheric warmings to interhemispheric coupling (IHC); however, the observed temperature and zonal wind anomalies do not agree with the predictions of IHC. Rather it appears that the westward momentum forcing from these Q2DW enhancements counteracts the gravity wave drag forcing which normally produces the cold summer mesopause. Since these temperature increases have been linked to Polar Mesospheric Cloud (PMC) disappearance, the present study supports the suggestion that the Q2DW may be an important factor governing PMC variability.