bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Study on Osteoporosis and Impact of Drugs for its Management
Authors: Dhoot Indra Kuamr , Singh Charanjeet
Published: September 2024

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and loss of the structural and biomechanical properties that are required to maintain bone homeostasis. Physicians are knowledgeable about the association of osteoporosis with aging, postmenopausal status, and secondary causes, including chronic illnesses or lifestyle issues that promote osteoporosis. Building strong and healthy bones requires an adequate dietary intake of calcium beginning in childhood and adolescence for both sexes. Most importantly, however, a high dietary calcium intake or taking calcium supplements alone is not sufficient in treating osteoporosis and should not be viewed as an alternative to or substituted for more potent prescription medications for osteoporosis.
Keywords: BMD, Osteoporosis, calcium supplements, skeletal disease.
A Review on "The Prospective Assessment and Evaluation of Prescriptions during Pregnancy”
Authors: Sharma Shyam , Sharma Yogesh
Published: September 2024

More than 80% of pregnant women take OTC or prescription drugs during pregnancy, with only 60% of these patients consulting a health care professional when selecting a product. Common pregnancy-associated conditions include cough, cold, allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, and pain. The cough, cold, and allergy products most widely used during pregnancy are antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants. Current updates to the immunization schedule include administering tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine with each pregnancy. Influenza vaccination should also be recommended for all pregnant women and can be given in any trimester.
Keywords: Prescriptions in Pregnancy, Vaccination, OTC drugs.
Various analytical methods for analysis of atorvastatin: A review
Authors: Chawla Pooja A , Pandey Shailendra , Monika ,
Published: September 2024

Hyperlipidemia is produced due to abnormal elevated level of lipids in the blood and is a major risk factor for many heart diseases such as atherosclerosis and stroke.  Lipids have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis in humans. In hyperlipidemia there are increased levels of both LDL and triglycerides. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins has become an integral part of management of vascular diseases. Statins are the first line therapy for lowering lipid levels. Among statins atorvastatin is the most effective and currently available antihyperlipidemic drug. An enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase play an important for endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Atorvastatin is HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitor which significantly reduces the lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein) and also increases the HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels. Various analytical methods such as reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), liquid chromatography tendam mass spectroscopy, near infrared spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis (CE), spectrophotometric methods for determination of atorvastatin as single and in combination with other drugs have been reported.  In this review an attempt has been made to covers all the recent analytical methods which has been used for analysis of atorvastatin.
Keywords: Atorvastatin, Analytical Methods, HPLC, HPTLC.
Solid Dispersion as Strategy to Improve the Solubility of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs and their Utilization and Consideration during Formulation Development
Authors: SHEJUL MAHESH BABANRAO , Godge R.K. , Kakad S.B. , Siddheshwar S.S.
Published: September 2024

Solid dispersions are most promising system to increase the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs.  By using reduction in drug particle size in required specification, and due to that improving drug wettability, bioavailability may be todays need. Solid dispersion generally presented as amorphous products, mainly obtained by two major different methods, melting and solvent evaporation. Now days, surfactants have been included to stabilize the formulations, thus avoiding drug recrystallization and potentiating their solubility. New manufacturing processes to obtain solid dispersions have also been developed to reduce the drawbacks of the initial process. In this review, it is intended to discuss the consideration during formulation development also role of hydrophobic polymer for solubility enhancement various strategy to inhibit the recrystallization.
Keywords: Solid dispersion, recrystallization, solubility, bioavailability, dissolution rate, hydrophobic polymer.
Aphrodisiac activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Celosea argentea dried seeds in male rats
Authors: Yadav Nishigandha , Kolhe Swati , Tembhurne Sachin
Published: September 2024

Objective: The study was aimed at to investigate the aphrodisiac activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Celosea argentea dried seeds (Amaranthacea) in male albino rats in different doses. Material and methods: The animals were selected in the present investigation on the basis of their performance in the Copulatory arena and runway apparatus. After selection animal (n=6), they were treated with extract of Celosea argentea (200 and 400 mg/kg) and sildenafil citrate (5mg/kg) orally. While the control animals were given with normal water. All the treatments were given for 21days. Sexual motivation and mating behavior parameters in male rats were monitored on 11th and 21st day of treatment pairing with receptive females. After termination of drug treatment the parameter such as sexual motivation, mating behavior, serum testosterone level, histological examination of testes, relative organ weight and body weight percent were evaluated. Result: The hydro-alcoholic extract of celosia argentea seeds showed a significant increase in mating behavior, serum testosterone levels, testes- body weight ratio as compared to vehicle control, while at the dose of 400mg/kg of Celosea argentea seeds extract assume closer resemblance of above parameters with the standard used. Conclusion: The results of the study strongly suggest that the seed extract of Celosia argentea have good aphrodisiac activity.
Keywords: Aphodisiac, Celosea argentea, sexual motivation, mating behavior, Serum testosterone level
Phytophospholipid Complexes: A Potential Novel Carrier System for Hepatoprotective Drug Delivery System
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Singh Anita
Published: September 2024

A variety of huge number of phytoconstituents isolated from the parts of plant or whole plants having the wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. But these phytoconstituents, despite having excellent in vitro bioactivity, but fails to show no in vivo activity  actions, due to their limited lipid or aqueous  solubility, Improper molecular size, improper permeation through biological mucosa or destruction in gastric or  gut environment. So that the potential use of these herbal based drugs are limited due to their poor absorption and poor bioavailability after topical or oral administration. Over the past century, the great advancement has been made for development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) of phytoconstituents and herbal extracts such as Nanotechnology based formulation, liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes  Phytophospholipid complex (phytosomes) and microparticle, etc has been developed. Novel potential phytophospholipid complexation methods have been developed by the formulation researcher to enhance the therapeutic activity of plant based drugs. In this method complexation of phytoconstituents with phospholipids in different molar ratio results into the development of novel herbal drug delivery system “phytophospholipid complex”. From the earlier research the formulation scientists have been proved that phytophospholipid complex show better pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profile than conventional herbal extracts. This review article highlights about the phospholipd as a carrier, current and future scenario of phytophospholipid complex and its potential application in hepatoprotection.
Keywords: Herbal Drug Delivery, Phospholipis, Phospholipid Complex, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatoprotection
Application of Design Of Expert for the Development and Systematic Optimisation of L-Asparaginase loaded Nanoparticulate Carrier Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Sharma Gazal , Goyal Amit Kumar , Singh Anirudh Pratap
Published: September 2024

L-Asparaginase (L-ASN) is a clinically approved chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphosarcoma. The aim of this research study was to develop and to optimize solid lipid nanoparticle formulation loaded with enzyme L-Asparaginase using response surface methodology (RSM) [1]. The formulation was prepared by a modified double emulsion method followed by solvent evaporation technique using a combination of high-speed homogeniser (10000 rpm) and an automatic hotplate for a temperature 40°C.  Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was involved in the study to establish and to understand the relationship between selected design factors and the experimental data thus obtained. A set of 29 formulations were prepared in triplicate based on the recommendations of BBD.[2] The desired results obtained were found to be in close agreement with the experimental results. The responses were ﬁtted to a quadratic; polynomial model. The statistical validation using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done for the respective fitted models.[3] Response Surface Graphs and 3D contour plots were constructed to understand the effect of independent variables in different combinations on the desired responses. SLN prepared were found to be spherical in shape and the mean particle size ˂198 nm.[4] The polydispersity index (PDI) and the zeta potential recorded for the prepared formulation corresponding to the particle size was 0.096 ± 0.043 and −10.39 mV respectively. The enzyme drug loading was 10.11% ± 2.02 and the enzyme entrapment efficiency was found to be 76.19% ± 1.23. BBD found to be very effective in considering the effects of independent formulation variables to develop an optimised enzyme loaded SLN formulation with sufficient activity of the L-ASN enzyme.
Keywords: Solid Lipid Nanoparticle, Response Surface Methodology, Box-Behnken Design
Local Drug Delivery to Bone Joints with Microspheres
Authors: Soundrapandian Chidambaram , Poudyal Adarsh Pratik
Published: September 2024

The concept of local drug delivery in the form of microspheres has potential for use as an alternative to conventional therapy strategies in the treatment of pain and inflammatory symptoms in case of certain bone and joint diseases. Commonly preferred treatment options for these symptoms (such as oral NSAIDs, analgesics, opioid pain medications) need to be frequently administered or applied and additionally, these suffer from multiple limitations. A prolonged release formulation of an NSAID i.e. Diclofenac Sodium, might prevent frequent administrations and improve the therapeutic outcome. In the current research, Diclofenac Sodium (DS)-loaded microspheres were prepared using thermal control and ionic cross-linking techniques. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4) was used in specific quantities to enhance the self-hardening property of the microspheres. An encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of up to 90.24% and 61.41% respectively were achieved from the formulations. FTIR analysis indicated no major interactions between the active ingredient and the excipients used in the formulation process. In-vitro studies on the biodegradability of the microspheres disclosed that the microspheres showed a slow degradation pattern over time. Release study of the prepared microspheres revealed that the release of DS was prolonged achieving release of drug over a period of up to 11 days. The microspheres seem to fulfil the requisite criteria in-vitro. The results obtained suggest that DS-loaded microspheres have the potential for further investigation and development.
Keywords: Local drug delivery, microspheres, bone and joint diseases, NSAIDs
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted extraction for Tephrosia purpurea by Response Surface Methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activity
Authors: Nikam Kanchan Dilip , Kendre Nutan , Bhise Vikas , Wakte Pravin
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of the present research work is to optimize the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of whole plant of Tephrosia purpurea by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and to evaluate its antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay and Ferric (Fe3+) Reducing Power Assay.
Methods: T. Purpurea was subjected to UAE by Box-Behnken experimental design using independent factors/variables. The design matrix developed by software consists of 15 runs. All batches were subjected to DPPH radical power assay to determined antioxidant activity.
Results: The optimal conditions for batch which showed highest extraction yield i.e. 9.82 % were 30 min irradiation time, 15 min soaking time, and 6.665% solid: solvent ratio. Statistical analysis of experiments indicated that the irradiation time and solid: solvent ratio has significantly affected the extraction (p < 0.01). The Box-Behnken experimental design shows that the polynomial regression models are in good agreement with the experimental results and with the coefficients of multiple determination of 0.9499 for extraction yield. The batch showing highest extraction yield were also showed highest DPPH scavenging activity i. e.87.96% and batch having optimal conditions viz 10 min irradiation time, 15 min soaking time, and 6.665% solid: solvent ratio showed 98.08 % ferric reducing power assay.
Conclusion: This research work showed the UAE can be a method of extraction of T. purpurea. The antioxidant activity done by DPPH radical scavenging assay and Ferric (Fe3+) Reducing Power Assay may be useful for further research work of T. purpurea.
Keywords: Tephrosia purpurea, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction, Response surface methodology, Antioxidant activity
Anti-Anxiety and Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Dalbergia Sissoo for Anxiety and Depression in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Vaidya Mrunal Mukesh , Kolhe Swati , Tembhurne Sachin
Published: September 2024

There are studies showing the effects of long-term ovarian hormones withdrawal and post-menopause on animal behavior. Ovarian hormones play a critical role is modulating anxiety and depressive symptoms in female. Thus, this current study evaluated the anxiety and depression of long-term ovariectomy (OVX) in adult rats subjected to the light and dark chamber and forced swimming tests. In this study, we tested the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo on female anxiety and depression in long-term postsurgical bilateral ovariectomized female rats. 6-month old female Wistar rats were used and distributed in 5 groups; diestrus rats, ovariectomized (OVX) groups with 60 days, OVX treated with standard β Estradiol (0.1mg/kg/s.c), OVX treated hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo (200 & 400 mg/kg). All treatments were given for further 28 days after post-surgical period (60 days) in ovariectomized female rats. They were evaluated on the 28th day in the light and dark chamber and forced swim test apparatus. The treatment of the hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo (200 and 400 mg/kg) in the OVX rats shows significant increase in the time spent in the light chamber and the immobility time was significantly decrease in the extracted treated groups as compared to the OVX group. Anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were observed in rats which were influenced by post-menopause or ovarian hormone withdrawal. Results suggested that 28 days of treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo is able to lower the anxiety levels and depression in estrogen deficient females.
Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, Post menopause, Anxiety, Depression, Light dark box, Forced swim test.
Current Challenges in Non-Invasive Insulin Drug Delivery System: A Review
Authors: Harak Komal Vilas , Patil P.B. , Saudhagar R.B.
Published: September 2024

The Frederick Banting and Charles Best extracted insulin from bovine pancreas in 1922, who received the Nobel prize for their contribution in the medical field with Johan McLeod, The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the route of choice for the administration of most drugs, regardless of their molecular structure or weight and administration of insulin exogenously via subcutaneous route which mimic the pancreatic insulin secretion, for In todays era, insulin delivery by noninvasive route is an area of current interest in diabetes mellitus treatment by parenteral route for type-I and type-II diabetes mellitus , while noninvasive therapy through oral delivery is greatly desired, there are challenges that include the low bioavailability due to the rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach. This review article patent that provides the novel approaches for noninvasive insulin drug delivery system to the bloodstream through the go tract.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, insulin, non-invasive insulin drug delivery, modern insulin drug delivery, absorption enhancer, insulin pump.
Study of Patients’ awareness and their perspective about diabetic disorder in T2DM patients: A descriptive study
Authors: Bhardwaj RAJ Kumar , Kazal H L , Kohli Kamlesh , Panag KMDS , Paul Kavita
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder is mostly related to the sedentary life style of subjects. Awareness of diabetes disorder among diabetics plays a crucial role in its management.
Aims & Objectives: To study the awareness of diabetes disorder, its complications and management among T2DM patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study done among T2DM patients who visited the OPD of department of Medicine at GGS Hospital, Faridkot (in a rural area of Punjab-India). A pretested proforma contained questionnaire related to the awareness/ knowledge to diabetic disorders, its complications and management was distributed among 300 subjects and their response was analyzed.
Results: 235 patients responded (78.33%) to the pretested proforma. Males and females were 48.08% and 51.92% respectively. 25.53% subjects were illiterate. Lack of knowledge about diabetic disorders in 79.57%, duration of treatment in 73.61%, their complications in 74.89%, modification of diet in 40%, their body care/cleanliness in 62.55% and leaving of medication in 76.17% were seen. A habit of taking other indigenous / complimentary medicines was also seen in 40.43% of cases along with conventional antidiabetic therapy.
Conclusion: Most of the diabetic patients had lack of knowledge about diabetic disorders, its complications and management. They also left the medicine in midway of treatment and had developed signs & symptoms of hyperglycemia. A good number of patients also took indigenous products to treat their disease. They also didn’t follow the life style modification measures appropriately. Therefore, adequate awareness/knowledge should be provided to all the diabetic patients to manage diabetic disorder in a better way.
Keywords: Knowledge, Perspectives, Complications, Life style modification, Complementary & Alternative medicine (CAM), Medication compliance & Adherence.
Inhibition and Exploration of Bisphenol-A in Albino Mice: Endocrine Disrupting Agent
Authors: Mohsin Nehal , Middha Anil Kumar , Kumar Vinay
Published: September 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C15H16O2 and is made from phenol and acetone. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water, having two phenol functional groups, it is used to make polycarbonate polymers and epoxy resins, along with other materials used to make plastics. Polycarbonate plastic is made by reacting BPA with phosgene. The mitochondrial toxicity was estimated by the assay of mitochondrial marker enzymes, by measuring the level of lipid peroxidation, GSH levels and levels of other antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, GR and SOD. Respiratory function of testicular mitochondria appears particularly susceptible to xenobiotic actions, which can contribute to a decrease in mitochondrial produced ATP and even to predispose cells to undergo mitochondria-mediated cell death. Our study showed that exposure to BPA induces significant oxidative stress in testicular mitochondria in mice and melatonin scavenges the free radicals. Human exposure to BPA is due to its widespread use, along with reproductive and developmental effects reported in animal study have generated considerable attention on this chemical in recent years. These aspects need further investigation in properly conducted studies with a wide dose range of BPA.
Keywords: Bisphenol A, Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant enzymes and EDCs.
AZELNIDIPINE: A REVIEW ON THERAPEUTIC ROLE IN HYPERTINSION
Authors: Shewale Vishal Uttam , Aher Smita S. , Saudagar Ravindranath B.
Published: September 2024

Hypertension is the most common regulating risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death; the increased risk associated with blood pressure (BP) elevation can be greatly reduced by treatment with antihypertensive drugs that lower both BP and related target organ damage. New Ca2+ channel antagonists have been recently developed, especially in the DHP compounds that have considerable higher vascular selectivity, slower onset and longer duration of hypotensive action. The antihypertensive effect of azelnidipine is primarily based on the inhibition of trans-membrane Ca2+ influx through the voltage-dependent channels of vascular smooth muscles. Ca2+ channels are categorized into several subtypes, including L-type, T-type, N-type, P/Q-type, and R-type Ca2+ channels depend on their electrophysiological properties.  Clinical studies have demonstrated that azelnidipine markedly reduced heart rate and proteinuria in hypertensive patients by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine has also been confirmed to have cardio-protective, neuroprotective, and anti-atherosclerotic properties, and has also been found to prevent insulin resistance.
Analytical Method of Apremilast: A Review
Authors: Badhe Pallavi , Aher Smita , Saudagar Ravindranath B.
Published: September 2024

A selective method for separation and determination of potential related impurities (starting materials and by-products of synthesis, and degradants) of apremilast drug substance has been developed and validated. The separation was accomplished on a Cosmosil C-18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column connected to a photodiode array (PDA) detector using optimized mixture of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid, methanol and acetonitrile under gradient elution. Two major degradant impurities found in force degradation study of apremilast drug substance. Both degradants were characterized preliminarily by HPLC-MS studies and synthesized in laboratory. Structure was evidenced by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and HPLC method was developed for quantification of the synthesized impurities along with starting materials. This method can be used for the quality control testing of drug substance. The performance of the method was validated according to the ICH guide lines for specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness.
Keywords: Apremilast; analytical methods, adverse effects
Formulation and Evaluation of Prulifloxacin Sustained Release Matrix Tablets
Authors: Deepthi V. Phani , PAVAN AMPAPURAM RAJESH , Babu G. Naresh , Sreenivasulu K.
Published: September 2024

Prulifloxacin is a chemotherapeutic antibiotic of Fluor quinolone drug used to treat a various urinary tract infections. It has short half-life, makes the sustained release (SR) forms extremely advantageous. Sustained release tablets results in increased bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to develop a sustain release matrix drug delivery system (SR) containing Prulifloxacin as a model drug by using various proportions of polymers such as HPMC E15, HPMC K15. The sustained release formulations of Prulifloxacin were prepared by direct compression method. Optimization of formulation was done by studying effect of drug to polymer ratio on drug release. FT-IR studies indicated absence of any interaction between Prulifloxacin, polymers (HPMC E15 and HPMC K15) and excipients. Ten formulations were prepared and Formulation F8 possesses good drug release property. The tablets were also evaluated for its hardness, friability and other In-vitro evaluation tests. All parameters complied with IP limits. Drug release was diffusion controlled and followed Zero order kinetics. Non-Fickian diffusion was the drug release mechanism for all the tablets formulated.
Keywords: Sustained drug delivery system, Prulifloxacin, HPMCE15, HPMCK15
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Pantoprazole Sodium in Bulk and Capsule Dosage Form
Authors: Shaikh Siddiqua , Jadhav Prerana
Published: September 2024

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise isocratic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for Simultaneous Estimation of Pantoprazole Sodium (PNT) and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in Bulk and Capsule Dosage Form. In RP-HPLC method, the analyte were resolved by using isocratic program, methanol and phosphate buffer (80:20v/v) was used as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. on HPLC system containing UV-visible detector with Workstation software and cosmosil  18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) column. The detection was carried out at 244nm. The retention times were 3.21 minutes and 4.20 minutes for Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Pantoprazole Sodium respectively. Calibration plots were linearity was found 0.9995 and 0.9997 for Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and  Pantoprazole Sodium.  The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. The proposed method was successfully used for simultaneous estimation of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Pantoprazole Sodium in capsule dosage form. Validation studies revealed that the proposed method is specific, rapid, reliable and reproducible. The high % recovery and low % RSD confirms the suitability of the proposed method for routine quality control analysis of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Pantoprazole Sodium  in bulk and capsule dosage forms. 
Keywords: RP-HPLC, Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Pantoprazole Sodium, methanol, phosphate buffer.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Drug Release and Antioxidant Activity of Aloe Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Kesharwani Shivangi , Gupta Durgesh Kumari , Gupta Mahesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Antioxidants play significant responsibility during the treatment of cancer and it’s adverse effects, because in the treatment of cancer by using chemotherapy, free radicals are generated and these free radicals accumulated in the body and cause damage, side effect (such as neurodegenerated disease, atherosclerosis, depression, leukemia, skin disease, diabetes etc.) and even death due to the biological consequence. So, antioxidant inhibits the generation of new and destroys previously present free radicals. A recent study was aimed for novel approach of herbal nanoparticles to get improved efficacy of the drug with fewer side effects. In-vitro Evaluation of Drug Release and Antioxidant Activity of Aloe Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles were includes in this research. Aloe has good antioxidant property, but in the form of nanoparticles formed with the help of chitosan polymer, it’s enhancing their stability, in-vitro release property. Chitosan is one of the best polymer for nanomedicine formulation because of their low toxicity and high compatibility. Six formulations of aloe loaded chitosan nanopaticles were prepared and evaluated as antioxidant study, in-vitro release and stability studies. Results have shown that the F6 was most stable, good release and high antioxidant property. So, it found that F6 was good formulation among all batches and these nanoparticles can be used as antioxidant agent during the treatment of cancer along with chemotherapeutic drugs for improve their effectiveness and reduce adverse effects.
Keywords: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Herbal, Chitosan nanoparticles, Antioxidant.
Development and validation of stability indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of Brexpiprazole from bulk and tablet form
Authors: Bhawar H.S , Thete Sanket , Shinde G. S.
Published: September 2024

A sensitive, selective, rapid, precise, and economic stability indicating Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method were developed for the quantification of Brexpiprazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form was performed on Shimadzu Model HPLC 3000 series, using a mixture methanol and water  (90:10, v/v) with OPA as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. Detection was carried at 215nm. The retention time of Brexpiprazole was 5.099min. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 10–50 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9989) with regression equation y = 71185x-482587.The Accuracy study was performed % recovery of Brexpiprazole. The % recovery was found to be 50%=100.13%,100%=99.58%,150%=99.84%.(NLT 98% and NMT 102%). The Relative standard deviation values for intraday precision and intraday precision were found to be less than 2% i.e. 0.25% and 0.40% respectively. Brexpiprazole was subjected to stress conditions (acidic, alkaline, oxidation and thermal degradation) and validated as per ICH guidelines. The validated method can be applied to perform long-term and accelerated stability studies of Brexpiprazole formulations.
Keywords: Brexpiprazole; Isocratic elution; Reversed-phase HPLC; Stability-indicating; Validation
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Film of Antipsychotic Drug
Authors: Solanki Arti , Gupta Naveen , Jain Shailesh
Published: September 2024

In case of psychiatric treatment immediate release of drug from the dosage form is required. Fast dissolving dosage forms are gaining popularity in recent time, as this dosage forms requires no water for administration. Oral films dissolve rapidly along with drug in mouth and majority of the drug is absorbed through buccal/oral mucosa in to systemic circulation avoiding first pass metabolism. Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine class of drugs, which has been approved by the FDA, for the treatment of schizophrenia, depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder, acute manic episodes and maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder. The absolute bioavailability is only approximately 31.5% due to extensive hepatic metabolism. Thus the objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving oral films of Olanzapine to improve water solubility, dissolution rate, oral bioavailability and reduction of first pass metabolism and increase patient’s compliance. Oral fast dissolving films prepared by solvent casting method using water and 95% ethanol as solvents and HPMC as film forming polymer. PEG 400 was the selected plasticizers, Superdisintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) alone and also in combinations was incorporated to achieve the aim. The prepared films were evaluated for the drug content, weight variation, film thickness, disintegration time, folding endurance, percentage of moisture content and in vitro dissolution studies. Among all, the formulation F4 was found to be best formulation which releases 98.78 % of the drug within 15 min and disintegration time is 42 sec. which was significantly high when compared to other formulation. The data obtained from In-vitro release were fitted into the various kinetic models such as Zero Order, Higuchi, First Order and Korsmeyer–Peppas Model in order to determine the mechanism of drug release. When the regression coefficient values compared, it was observed that ‘r’ values of formulation F4 was maximum i.e 0.974 hence indicating drug release from formulations was found to follow first order drug release kinetics.
Protective Activity of Tinospora cordifolia and Camellia sinensis extract on Alcohol-Induced Toxicity in Mice
Authors: Singh Romsha , Patidar Manorama
Published: September 2024

Heavy alcohol intake depletes the plasma vitamins due to hepatotoxicity and decreased intestinal absorption. Medicinal plants may provide an effective remedy for the enormous health burden posed by alcohol abuse. This study was designed to observe the effects of alcohol on various hematological parameters in adult mice. A total of 30 mice were divided into six groups; control (n=6) and test groups II, III, IV, V, VI (n=6 comprise in each group). After treatments blood was collected on 0th, 30th and 60th days. Hematological parameters were assessed by using bioanalyzer. Statistical analysis was performed for comparison between the groups by using Dunnett’s test. The white blood cells (WBC) was found significantly higher in a alcohol treated group compared to control group, while the significant decrease was observed in hemoglobin, hemocrait and platelets in the alcohol treated group. In contrast the differential count viz. neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, basophil were found significant (p≤0.05) compared to control group and test groups II, III, IV, V and V respectively. However, administration of extract for 60 days was capable to slightly lower levels of all these parameter in alcohol groups. It is concluded that alcohol administration in mice resulted in toxic effects on various hematological parameters. T. cordifolia and leaf part of C. Sinensis helps more to wakeup immune system and boost the body of person who regularly consume alcohol.
Keywords: Alcohol, Hematological parameters, Dunnett’s test
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Emulgel of Clindamycin Phosphate for Effective Treatment of Acne
Authors: Ranjan Priya , Jain Vivek , Shende Shradha , Jain Prabhat Kumar
Published: September 2024

Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system i.e. gel and emulsion. The topical applications of the drug offers the potential advantages of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and delivering the drug for extended period of time at the effected site that mainly acts at the related regions. The major objective behind this formulation is enhancing the topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (clindamycin phosphate) by formulating clindamycin phosphate emulgel using carbopol 941 as a gelling agent. In addition, light liquid paraffin as oil, tween-20 and span-20 as emulsifiers and propylene glycol as co-surfactant were selected for preparation of emulgel. Clindamycin phosphate is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of infections. It is of the lincosamide class. Clindamycin phosphate is a semi synthetic lincosamide antibiotic that has largely replaced lincomycin due to an improved side effect profile. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits. Topical clindamycin phosphate reduces free fatty acid concentrations on the skin and suppresses the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium acnes), an anaerobe found in sebaceous glands and follicles.  The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, in vitro drug release, anti acne activity and stability. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and pH value. The best formulation F4 showed better antiacne activity when compared with all formulation.
Keywords: Emulgel, Clindamycin phosphate, Extrudability, Spreadability, Antiacne activity
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Lansoprazole Mucoadhesive Microsphere
Authors: Gire Kamlakar , Jain Shailesh , Kapoor Vishal , Gupta Naveen , Rajput Dharmendra Singh
Published: September 2024

Lansoprazole belongs to a class of antisecretory compounds, the substituted benzimidazoles, that do not exhibit anticholinergic or histamine H2-receptor antagonist properties, but rather suppress gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the (H+,K+)-ATPase enzyme system at the secretary surface of the gastric parietal cell. Because this enzyme system is regarded as the acid (proton) pump within the parietal cell, lansoprazole has been characterized as a gastric acid-pump inhibitor, in that it blocks the final step of acid production. This effect is dose-related and leads to inhibition of both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion irrespective of the stimulus. The aim of the present study was to develop lansoprazole loaded thiolated chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsifying method using liquid paraffin light and heavy in ratio of 50:50 as a dispersing medium and glutaraldehyde used as a cross-linking agent. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for mean particle size and particle size distribution, drug content, mucoadhesion measurement and in-vitro drug release. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis was performed to ascertain drug polymer interaction. The release profiles showed first order release behavior up to 12 hours where the highest drug release was 88.89 % of the lansoprazole loaded in the thiolated chitosan microspheres, indicating a strong crosslinking between chitosan and glutaraldehyde. From the results of the present investigation it may be concluded that drug loaded chitosan microspheres can be prepared by a simple technique which avoids the use of complex apparatus and special precautions.
Keywords: Lansoprazole, Thiolated chitosan, Microspheres, Glutaraldehyde, Mucoadhesion measurement
Biosensors: An Emerging Technology in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Nemane Shraddha T. , Gholve Sachin B. , Bhusnure Omprakash G. , Mule Shrikrishna T. , Ingle Priyanka V.
Published: September 2024

The evolution of biosensors has been the center of scientist's attraction for recent decades. It is a device which is used mainly for living organism or different biological molecules, enzymes or antibodies, to find out the presence of chemicals. Biosensors can basically serve as low-cost and highly efficient devices in addition to use in other day to day applications. Biosensor is a device that consists of two main parts: A bio-receptor and a transducer were as, Bio-receptor is a biological component that recognizes the target analytes and transducer is a physicochemical detector component that converts the recognition event into a measurable signal and quantify or it transforms one signal into another one, this works in a physiochemical way like Optical piezoelectric, electrochemical etc. Biomolecules like antibodies, enzymes, organelles, receptors and microorganisms as well as animal and plant cells or tissues have been used as biological sensing elements. In this paper, we review recent development and use of biosensors as a diagnostic tool, as well as some future applications of biosensor technology.
Keywords: Biosensors, Microbial biosensor, Transducer, Pathogen detection.
An efficient and facile synthesis of the hybrid scaffold of Pyrazole-Triazole-Chromenes nucleus using PS-TBD as a green catalyst
Authors: Vala Nileshkumar D. , Parekh Tapan H. , Chhasatia Mehulsinh R.
Published: September 2024

A series of 16 derivatives of pyrazole-triazole-chromene moieties (4a-p) were synthesized via one-pot cyclocondensation reaction of pyrazole-triazole aldehyde (1a-d), 1, 3 diketone (3a-d) and malononitrile (2a) in presence of PS-TBD as catalyst. The reusability of PS-TBD (polystyrene supported 7-methyl-1, 5, 7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene) catalyst makes this reaction quick and efficient. On the basis of various trials and its results, best performance and reusability of catalyst was observed at 5 mol% concentration. The reusability of catalyst founds up to 5 runs. A synthesized compound was characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FT-IR and C, H, N elemental analysis and confirms theoretical chemical reaction.
Keywords: Chromenes, Pyrazole, Triazole, PS-TBD catalysis Chemistry
Formulation and Evaluation Transdermal Patch of Hesperidin
Authors: Bhalerao Rasika A. , Bhalekar Mangesh R. , Damle Mrinalini C.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate the transdermal patch of  Hesperidin. In the present study, transdermal patch of  Hesperidin were prepared by using HPMC E 5, Eudragit S 100 as a polymer, Dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer and glycerin as a lubricant. Nine batches (F1-F9) were prepared by solvent evaporation method using methanol and chloroform in ratio 1:1 as a solvent. The prepared transdermal patches were evaluated on the basis of different parameters like weight, thickness, folding endurance, percent moisture content, drug content , in vitro drug release study. To confirm the optimised batch, the data were computed in design expert software. And it was concluded that the prepared formulation F5 batch showed highest percent of drug release.
Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery, Design expert, HPTLC, Hesperidin.
Formulation and Evaluation of Chewable Tablets of Pomegranate Peel Extract
Authors: Damle Mrinalini C. , Bhalekar Mangesh R. , Rao Shivani , Godse Mayuri
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, dental caries is one of major oral disease caused due to facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive Streptococcus mutans. Pomegranate peel powder extract is known to have activity against Streptococcusmutans. The ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel powder was tested against streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497t). The Minimum inhibitory concentrations was found to be 6.24 mg/ml. Chewable tablet containing 10х MIC of the pomegranate peel powder was tested by cup plate method for its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The study concludes that pomegranate peel extract is a  natural antibacterial source can be used in formulating chewable tablet which are better than chemical formulations specially mouth washes as stay-in-mouth time of these chewable tablet  are extended ensuring good antibacterial activity with good organoleptic properties.
Keywords: Dental caries, Chewable tablet, Pomegranate peel, Streptococcus mutans.
Development of liposome encapsulated curcumin for treatment of arthritis
Authors: Khusbu , , Gupta Avinash Kumar , Gupta Manish Kumar , Sharma Vijay
Published: September 2024

Liposomesof curcumin was prepared by Thin Film Hydration method (TFH) and Reverse Phase Evaporation Method (REV) methods and Freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles were carried out for liposomes prepared by both the methods, then optimized with regard to percentage drug entrapment by changing various process and formulation parameters, various compositions of optimized liposomal batches along with their PDE and mean vesicle size values are recorded. Prepared liposomes prior to size reduction were suitable for nasal delivery as then vesicle size distribution was in range of 10-20 pm that is required for nasal drug delivery. and finally optimized final batch parameter were evaluated and conclude ration of lipid and drug were-Drug: PC :CHOL (1:4:1), REV method followed by F-T cycles and Diethyl ether :water (5:1) solvent systems were used and  PDE/D[4,3] before size reduction was 97.89±0 31/ 12.8±0.2 and PDE/D[4,3] after size reduction 98.3 ± 0.21/2.5 ± 0.01 were obtained. However, further processing for size reduction of liposomes was required for lung deposition in case of pulmonary drug deliver) and hence liposomes after size reduction to 3-5 pm were used for preparation of DPI formulations.
Keywords: Liposomes, Thin Film Hydration, Reverse Phase Evaporation and PDE
A Review on Liposome Encapsulated Curcumin for Treatment of Arthritis
Authors: Khusbu , , Gupta Avinash Kumar , Gupta Manish Kumar , Sharma Vijay
Published: September 2024

The most common treatments for rheumatoid arthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and some biological agents. However, none of the treatments available is able to achieve the ultimate goal of treatment, that is, drug-free remission. However, to improve its clinically relevant parameters, nanoformulation of curcumin is emerging as a novel substitute for their superior therapeutic modality. It enhances its aqueous solubility and targeted delivery to the tissue of interest that prompts to enhance the bioavailability, better drug conveyance, and more expeditious treatment.
Keywords: Curcumin, Antirheumatic drugs, Liposome.
A Review: Formulation and Optimization of Sustained Release Eudragit Coated Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: Verma Ritu
Published: September 2024

The basic rationale of sustained release drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side-effects are reduced and cure of the disease is achieved. There are several advantages of sustained release (matrix) drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, maximum utilisation of the drug, increased safety margin of potent drug, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy and shorter treatment period. Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent which is a generally recommended first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (Type II). When drug release is needed over a specific period of time or one would like to benefit from the advantages of multiparticulate or matrix formulations – Eudragit polymers can help to achieve desired release profile. Drug delivery can be controlled throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract to increase therapeutic effect and patient compliance.
Anticancer and Cytotoxic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Triticum aestivum on Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Patel Janki B , Patel Piyush , Parmar Rakeshkumar S , Patel Pinkal , Patel Dhara
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cancer is caused by abnormalities in genetic material of the transformed cells. Cancer may also be initiated by carcinogens, tobacco, smoke, radiation, chemicals or infectious agents, especially some viruses. Cancers cause annually more than 13% of all human deaths. More than 70% of all cancer deaths occurred in low and middle income countries. Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 12 million deaths in 2030 (WHO estimate). Natural products have been used as traditional medicines in many parts of the world like Egypt, China, Greece, and India from ancient times. It is from these medicinal plants, the modern drugs been developed known to be free of the deleterious effects, are inexpensive and effective. One of these herbs is Wheatgrass, the young grass of Triticum aestivum Linn., family: Poeaceae. Objectives: Objective of the study was to analyze anticancer property of leaves of Triticum aestivum on HCT-15 cells. Materials and methods: The young grass of Triticum aestivum is was collected. The aqueous extract was prepared by using standard protocols. The antiproliferative effect of the aqueous extract was evaluated in vitro by employing MTT assay. The potency of plant extract was calculated in terms of percent decrease in viable HCT-15 cells as compared to the control. Result and conclusion: The extract showed dose dependent antitumor activity. The MTT assay showed an anti proliferative activity (IC50) at 258.8 μg/ml of crude extract.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, CRC, HCT-15, IC50, MTT Assay.