bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life in Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Guerra-Martín María Dolores , Casado-Espinosa María Del Rocío , Gavira-López Yelena , Holgado-Castro Cristina , López-Latorre Inmaculada , Borrallo-Riego Álvaro
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Cancer constitutes one of the principal causes of morbi-mortality in the world and generates an important loss of patients’ self-sufficiency. People who are their caregivers usually become the main care providers, which impacts their quality of life; (2) Aim: Analyze the different problems (physical, emotional, social, and financial) faced by people who are caregivers of adults with cancer and describe the strategies required to improve their quality of life; (3) Method: A literature review was conducted on the following database: PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The following eligibility criteria were specified: (a) research studies of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods, (b) consistent with objective, and (c) published in the English language or Spanish during the last five years; (4) Results: 36 studies were selected from those found in the literature. Regarding the problems mentioned: eight studies described physical issues, 26 emotional effects, 10 social implications, and seven financial strains. Twenty-eight studies described strategies to improve the quality of life of caregivers; (5) Conclusions: Caregivers are usually women around the age of 50. Problems faced are mostly emotional in nature, followed by social, physical, and financial ones. In order to cope with this burden, there are some strategies that can be developed to help to build skills to manage both the disease and the impact derived from it, therefore improving their quality of life.
Co-Design and Validation of a Family Nursing Educational Intervention in Long-Term Cancer Survivorship Using Expert Judgement
Authors: Domingo-Osle Marta , La Rosa-Salas Virginia , Ulibarri-Ochoa Ainhoa , Domenech-Climent Nuria , Arbea Moreno Leire , Garcia-Vivar Cristina
Published: January 2023

The number of cancer survivors is increasing exponentially thanks to early screening, treatment, and cancer care. One of the main challenges for healthcare systems and professionals is the care of cancer survivors and their families, as they have specific needs that are often unmet. Nursing students, as future healthcare professionals, need education to face these new health demands. They will need to develop specific competencies to help them care for and empower this emerging population. The aim of the study was to co-design and validate an educational intervention on long-term cancer survivorship for nursing, through a multidisciplinary panel of experts. Group interviews were conducted with a panel of 11 experts, including eight professionals from different backgrounds (oncology, cancer nursing, pharmacology, and education), a long-term cancer survivor, a family member of a cancer survivor, and a nursing student. The experts validated a pioneer educational intervention to train nursing students in long-term cancer survival. The co-design and validation of the intervention from an interdisciplinary perspective and with the participation of long-term cancer survivors and their families was considered relevant as it included the vision of all the stakeholders involved in long-term cancer survivorship.
The Association between Academic Schedule and Physical Activity Behaviors in University Students
Authors: Wu Yingyi , Van Gerven Pascal W. M. , de Groot Renate H. M. , O. Eijnde Bert , Seghers Jan , Winkens Bjorn , Savelberg Hans H. C. M.
Published: January 2023

Background: University students sit too much, which is detrimental to their physical and mental health. Academic schedules, including scheduled education time and self-study time, may influence their physical activity behaviors. Objectives: To investigate (1) the association between scheduled education time and students’ physical activity levels during weekdays; (2) the association between self-study time and students’ physical activity levels during the weekdays and weekends. Methods: 126 (68 Maastricht University (UM); 58 KU Leuven (KUL)) first-year undergraduate students in biomedical sciences (mean ± SD age: 19.3 ± 1.0, BMI: 22.0 ± 3.0, 17% men, 83% women) completed a demographics questionnaire and reported their academic activities with a 7-day logbook. Furthermore, their physical activity behavior was measured with the activPAL monitor for 7 days. Linear mixed models were used to examine the associations between university (UM versus KUL), academic activities (scheduled education time and self-study time), and students’ activity levels. Results: During weekdays, each hour of scheduled education time per day was significantly associated with a 1.3 min decrease of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. Scheduled education time was not significantly associated with the sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and active sedentary behavior ratio. Each hour of self-study per day was significantly associated with 8 min more of sedentary time per day, 6 min less LPA per day, and 1.3 min less MVPA per day. Self-study time was not significantly associated with active sedentary behavior ratio. During the weekend, each hour of self-study time per day was associated with an additional 17.8 min of sedentary time per day and a reduction of 15.2 min of LPA per day. Self-study time was not significantly associated with the time spent doing MVPA and active sedentary behavior ratio. Conclusions: It could be more effective to change students’ physical activity behaviors during self-study than during scheduled education time. Therefore, offering a study environment that reduces sedentary behavior and promotes light-intensity physical activity, is crucial.
A Novel Adsorbent of Attapulgite & Carbon Composites Derived from Spent Bleaching Earth for Synergistic Removal of Copper and Tetracycline in Water
Authors: Ke Yuxin , Zhu Xiaoli , Si Shaocheng , Zhang Ting , Wang Junqiang , Zhang Ziye
Published: January 2023

Simultaneously eliminating tetracycline (TC) and copper (Cu-II) from wastewater was investigated by applying a novel adsorbent fabricated by transforming spent bleaching earth (SBE) into attapulgite & carbon composites (A&Cs). Pyrolysis temperature for A&Cs preparation exhibited a positive effect on Cu(II) adsorption, while the AC500 possessed the greatest performance for TC remediation. Interestingly, a synergistic effect instead of competitive adsorption occurred between Cu(II) and TC under the combined binary system, as both TC and Cu(II) adsorption amount on A&C500 increased more than that in the single system, which could be mainly attributed to the bridge actions between the TC and Cu(II). In addition, hydrogen bonding, ᴨ-ᴨ EDA interaction, pore-filling and complexation exerted significant roles in the adsorption process of TC and Cu(II). In general, this study offered a new perspective on the regeneration of livestock and poultry industry wastewater polluted with antibiotics and heavy metals.
A Structural Model for Aggression in Middle School Students in Korea: Based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Jang Sook , Ahn Hye Young
Published: January 2023

(1) Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a hypothetical model for the variables that can explain aggression in middle school students in order to promote mental health and the growth and development of middle school students in Korea. Through this model, we tried to confirm the structural relationship between the variables and their influence. (2) Methods: The subjects of this study were middle school students in the Korean city of D, and the data collection period was from July to September 2016. The data were collected from the final 310 completed copies of the questionnaire, excluding 23 copies with insufficient data. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used for data analysis. (3) Results: The fit indices of the final model (GFI = 0.88, AGFI = 0.84, IFI = 0.95, CFI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.06, and RMSEA = 0.07) met the acceptable levels. The variables that affected middle school students’ aggression were parenting behavior and aggression regulation intention, and together, their explanatory power for aggression was 50.5%. Perceived behavioral control was the most influential variable for aggression regulation intention. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study will be used as a basis for studying aggression and developing aggression control training programs with the aim of reducing aggression in middle school students.
School-Based Nursing Interventions for Preventing Bullying and Reducing Its Incidence on Students: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yosep Iyus , Hikmat Rohman , Mardhiyah Ai
Published: January 2023

Incidents of bullying have increased on students in schools. This has a negative impact such as mental health problems and risk of suicide. Interventions related to bullying are still focused on being carried out independently. Meanwhile, collaborative interventions between nurses and the school are needed to acquire maximum results in preventing and reducing the incidence of bullying. The purpose of this study is to describe school-based nursing interventions in preventing and reducing the incidence of bullying among students at school. This study used scoping review with a search strategy using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review process to find the articles. The PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus electronic databases were searched. We found 12 articles from 594 articles in 3 databases which discussed nursing interventions based on school to prevent and reduce incidence of bullying in students. The studies included are design randomized control trials and quasi experiments. The samples with the range of 40–7121 respondents. We classified the school-based nursing interventions being three methods, there are Game programs, physical activity programs, training programs, and peer-group programs. The content of interventions are psychoeducation, empathy training, counseling, and self-management. This study shows that school-based nursing interventions can be an option in preventing and reducing the incidence of bullying among students at school.
Differences in Stress Perception of Medical Students Depending on In-Person Communication and Online Communication during the COVID−19 Pandemic: A Japanese Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Tokumasu Kazuki , Nishimura Yoshito , Sakamoto Yoko , Obika Mikako , Kataoka Hitomi , Otsuka Fumio
Published: January 2023

Background: Excessive psychological stress in medical students affects their mental health and causes problems such as burnout and depression. Furthermore, changes in the learning environment to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic have had a psychological effect on medical students. However, the relationships between medical students’ perceived stress and different methods of communication, including in-person and online communication, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in stress perception of medical students depending on in-person communication and online communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from September to October in 2020. All of the students of Okayama University School of Medicine were asked to participate in a questionnaire survey. The explanatory variables were the frequency and length of communications with others (by in-person or online communication), empathy, and lifestyle. The main outcome measure was perceived stress. Subgroup analysis was conducted for students who preferred to be by themselves and students who preferred to study together and interact with other people. Univariate analysis and multivariate multiple regression analysis were conducted. Gender and grade, which have been shown to be associated with stress in previous studies, were used as covariates for multiple regression analysis. Results: Valid responses to the questionnaire survey were received from 211 (29.4%) of the 717 students. There was no significant association between perceived stress and online communication, but the number of people with which students had in-person communication (1–2 people compared to 0 as a control, regression coefficient [B] = −4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]; −7.8, −1.1, more than 10 people, B = −12, 95% CI: −18, −5.8) and the length of communication (more than 120 min, B = −4.5, 95% CI: −8.1, −0.92) were associated with a reduction in perceived stress. In subgroup analysis, the number of people with in-person communication and the length of communication had significant associations with stress reduction even in the group of students who had a preference for being by themselves. Conclusion: In-person communications rather than online communications were associated with a lower level of perceived stress. In subgroup analysis, this trend was statistically significant in the group of students who had a preference for being by themselves.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Black Communities in Canada
Authors: Kemei Janet , Tulli Mia , Olanlesi-Aliu Adedoyin , Tunde-Byass Modupe , Salami Bukola
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in differential impacts on the Black communities in Canada and has unmasked existing race-related health inequities. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada. Historically, social inequalities have determined the impacts of pandemics on the population, and in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, disproportionate infections and mortalities have become evident among racialized communities in Canada. This qualitative descriptive study utilized an intersectionality framework. We invited Black stakeholders across Canada to participate in semi-structured interviews to deepen our knowledge of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black communities in Canada. A total of 30 interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Our findings fell into three categories: (1) increased vulnerability to COVID-19 disease, (2) mental impacts, and (3) addressing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show the underlying systemic inequities in Canada and systemic racism exacerbated health inequities among the Black communities and undermined interventions by public health agencies to curb the spread of COVID-19 and associated impacts on Black and other racialized communities. The paper concludes by identifying critical areas for future intervention in policy and practice.
Redesigning Rural Acute Stroke Care: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Prior Sarah J. , Mather Carey A. , Campbell Steven J.
Published: January 2023

Stroke service delivery in rural areas in Australia lacks evidence-based, best practice care protocols as a result of limited resources and opportunity. Healthcare redesign is an approach to improving health services by understanding barriers and enablers to service provision and work with users to develop solutions for improvement. This research aimed to qualitatively evaluate stroke care in rural Tasmania using a person-centered approach, as part of a larger healthcare redesign initiative to improve acute stroke care. Semi-structured interviews, aimed at gaining insight into experiences of healthcare staff and users, were conducted. Thematic analysis revealed three global themes (communication, holistic care, and resourcing) that demonstrated some consistency between healthcare staff and user experience, highlighting that some needs and expectations were not being met. Results of this experiential study provide important perspectives for delivering needs-based improvements in service provision for acute stroke care. Overall, this study showed that systems of stroke care in rural areas could be improved by utilizing a redesign approach including healthcare staff and users in the development of solutions for health service improvement.
The Variables of the Readiness for Discharge from Hospital in Patients after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kolarczyk Ewelina , Witkowska Agnieszka , Szymiczek Marek , Młynarska Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

Discharge after myocardial infarction (MI) reduces the risk of repeated myocardial infarction and stroke and has a positive effect on the patient’s prognosis. An important element of preparation is the assessment of the patient’s readiness for discharge from hospital. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between a patient’s readiness for hospital discharge after MI, their functioning in the chronic illness, and socio-demographic and clinical variables. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, single-center study. The study was conducted among 242 patients who were hospitalized for myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The Readiness for Hospital Discharge After Myocardial Infarction Scale (RHD-MIS) and the Functioning in Chronic Illness Scale (FCIS) were used. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between socio-demographic and clinical factors and the overall result of the RHD-MIS (p >0.05).There is a positive correlation between hospital discharge readiness and functioning in chronic disease in patients after MI (r = 0.20; p < 0.001). The higher the level of subjective knowledge, the better the functioning in chronic disease (rho = 0.16; p < 0.05), the greater the increase in the sense of influence on the course of the disease (rho = 0.17; p < 0.05) and the greater the decrease in the impact of the disease on the patient’s attitude (rho = 0.23, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The higher the readiness for discharge from hospital, the better the patient’s functioning in the disease and the lower the impact of the disease on the patient.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Dry Eye Disease and Corneal Surface Damage: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Lai Shih-Chung , Wang Chien-Wun , Wu Yu-Ming , Dai Ying-Xiu , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Wu Hsiang-Ling , Cherng Yih-Giun , Tai Ying-Hsuan
Published: January 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis is potentially connected to ocular disorders, such as corneal inflammation and lacrimal gland destruction. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of dry eye disease (DED) and corneal surface damage among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In a nationwide cohort study, we utilized Taiwan’s National Health Insurance research database and conducted propensity score matching to compare the risks of DED and corneal surface damage between patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Proportional hazards regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the outcomes of interest. The matching procedure generated 33,398 matched pairs with 501,377 person-years of follow-up for analyses. The incidence of DED was 23.14 and 10.25 per 1000 person-years in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, rheumatoid arthritis was significantly associated with DED (aHR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.93–2.13, p < 0.0001). The association was generally consistent across the subgroups of age, sex, use of systemic corticosteroids, and different comorbidity levels. In addition, patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a higher risk of corneal surface damage (aHR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.21–1.51, p < 0.0001) compared to control subjects. Other independent factors for corneal surface damage were age and sleeping disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with an increased risk of DED and corneal surface damage. Ophthalmological surveillance is required to prevent vision-threatening complications in this susceptible population.
Influence of Job Insecurity on Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Mediation Model with Nursing Aides
Authors: Mateos-González Laura , Rodríguez-Suárez Julio , Llosa José Antonio , Agulló-Tomás Esteban , Herrero Juan
Published: January 2023

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are some of the most prevalent diseases in the world. They have a multifactorial aetiology encompassing ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors. The aim of this study is to analyse the way job insecurity and physical workload are linked to musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the mediating role other psychosocial work risks can have on this potential relationship. A parallel mediation path regression analysis was designed using a sample of 457 nursing aides. The influence job insecurity and physical workload has on the onset of musculoskeletal symptoms together with the variables which mediate this relationship were examined. The results prove that both independent variables explain the onset of musculoskeletal symptoms in these professionals. The influence exerted by job insecurity is mediated by the social support received at work and the demands of the job. However, when analysing the physical workload, the social support received at work is not relevant as a mediator in this relationship. Job insecurity and physical workload are significant variables on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The data obtained supports the need to focus on physical and psychosocial factors in order to prevent these disorders.
The Hospital Environment as a Potential Source for Clostridioides difficile Transmission Based on Spore Detection Surveys Conducted at Paediatric Oncology and Gastroenterology Units
Authors: Lemiech-Mirowska Ewelina , Michałkiewicz Michał , Sierocka Aleksandra , Gaszyńska Ewelina , Marczak Michał
Published: January 2023

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium widely present in the hospital environment due to its ability to generate spores. The transfer of spores to patients through the hands of medical personnel is one of the most frequent paths of C. difficile transmission. In paediatric patients burdened with a serious primary illness requiring long-term hospitalisation and antibiotic therapy, C. difficile may be a significant risk factor for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. The goal of the study was to assess the state of hospital environments as a potential source of C. difficile spores and to establish the share of hyperepidemic strains at the two paediatric units. The survey for C. difficile was conducted with a C. diff Banana BrothTM medium, used to detect spores and to recover vegetative forms of the bacteria. Environmental samples (n = 86) and swabs from the clothing of medical personnel (n = 14) were collected at two units of a paediatric hospital, where the cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea with a C. difficile aetiology constitute a significant clinical problem. In 17 samples, a change in the broth’s colour was observed, indicating the presence of spores. Out of seven samples, C. difficile strains were cultured. The pathogenic isolates of C. difficile were obtained from swabs collected from elements of beds, a toilet, a door handle and a doctor’s uniform. In our study, we indicated points of increased risk of pathogen transmission, which could constitute a source of infection. The clothing of medical personnel may be a dangerous carrier of pathogenic spores. Periodical surveys of hospital environments with the use of specialist microbiological mediums successfully indicate the direction of corrective actions to be undertaken by the medical facility in order to increase patient safety.
A Study of the Ping An Health App Based on User Reviews with Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Fang Fang , Zhou Yin , Ying Shi , Li Zhijuan
Published: January 2023

By mining the dimensional sentiment and dimension weight of the Ping An Health App reviews, this paper explores the changing trend of the influence of dimensions on user satisfaction and provides suggestions for the Ping An Health App operators to improve user satisfaction. Firstly, the topic model is used to identify the topic of user comments, and then the fine-grained sentiment analysis method is used to calculate the sentiment and weight of each dimension. Finally, the changing trend of the weight of each dimension and the changing trend of user satisfaction of each dimension are drawn. Based on the reviews of the Ping An Health App in the Apple App Store, users’ concerns about Ping An Health App can be summarized into seven main dimensions: Usage, Bug report, Reliability, Feature information, Services, Other apps, and User Background. The “Feature information” dimension and “Reliability” dimension have a great impact on user satisfaction with the Ping An Health App, while the “Bug report” dimension has the lowest user satisfaction.
Trust and Biomedical Research Engagement of Minority and Under-Represented Communities in Mississippi, USA
Authors: Antoine-LaVigne Donna , Hayes Traci , Fortenberry Marty , Ohikhuai Evidence , Addison Clifton , Mozee Sam , McGill Dorothy , Shanks Mangle L. , Roby Christopher , Jenkins Brenda W. Campbell , Tchounwou Paul B.
Published: January 2023

Trust is critical to the development and maintenance of effective research collaborations and community engagement. The purpose of this study was to assess the current attitudes and level of trust pertaining to health research among residents of Central Mississippi, the priority health region for the Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Center for Health Disparities Research (RCHDR) at Jackson State University. The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics carried out by SPSS statistical software. A total of 146 participants responded to the survey. The participants were predominately African American (99%) and female (75%). Historical research studies, the researchers’ qualities, and potential benefits from participation were factors affecting the level of trust in the research process. Ninety percent (n = 131) expressed that it was important to be involved in the research process, and 98.5% (n = 144) agreed that discussing the research findings with the participants was important for establishing trust in the research process. While trust in the research process does not guarantee participation, trust is a precursor for those who decide to engage in health disparities research. Key findings will be integrated into the RCHDR research agenda to foster further development and implementation of innovative community-based participatory research toward the control and/or prevention of diseases that disproportionately affect minority and under-represented populations in Mississippi.
Internalized Homonegativity, Emotion Dysregulation, and Isolating Behaviors Perpetration among Gay and Lesbian Couples
Authors: Trombetta Tommaso , Balocco Virginia , Santoniccolo Fabrizio , Paradiso Maria Noemi , Rollè Luca
Published: January 2023

Same-sex intimate partner violence (SSIPV) is a serious health concern and may manifest in various forms. Nevertheless, controlling behaviors of isolation are still poorly investigated. Due to their marginalized status, sexual minorities can face SSIPV-specific risk factors, such as internalized homonegativity, as well as general psychological stress factors, such as emotion dysregulation. While the literature is growing, there is still a lack of understanding of the complex pathways linking sexual minorities and minority stress to IPV and isolating controlling behavior. To fill this gap, we explored the relation between internalized homonegativity and controlling behaviors of isolation, assessing the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. In total, 120 gay and lesbian people (mean age = 33.8, SD = 11.5) involved in a same-sex relationship participated in the study. Results showed a direct and positive association between internalized homonegativity and difficulties in emotion regulation and a direct and positive association between emotion dysregulation and controlling behaviors of isolation; the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relation between internalized homonegativity and isolating controlling behaviors was supported as well. Emerging results can provide valuable information at the clinical level, although further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Difference in All-Cause Mortality between Unemployed and Employed Black Men: Analysis Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III
Authors: Delgado Paul , Kermah Dulcie , Archibald Paul , Adewumi Mopileola T. , Bell Caryn N. , Thorpe Roland J.
Published: January 2023

The Black-White racial employment disparity and its link to mortality have demonstrated the health benefits obtained from employment. Further, racial/ethnic mortality disparities existing among men with different employment statuses have been previously documented. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between employment status and all-cause mortality among Black men. Data for the study was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III 1988–1994 linked to the NHANES III Linked Mortality File. Cox proportional hazard models were specified to examine the association between health behaviors and mortality in Black men by employment status. Among those who were assumed alive (n = 1354), 41.9% were unemployed. In the fully adjusted model, unemployed Black men had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval or CI [1.33, 1.92]) compared to Black men who were employed. These results highlight the impact of employment on all-cause mortality among unemployed Black men and underscore the need to address employment inequalities to reduce the mortality disparities among Black men.
The Relation between Depressive Symptoms and Unsafe Sex among MSM Living with HIV
Authors: Schadé Annemiek , van Grootheest Gerard , Smit Johannes H.
Published: January 2023

In people living with HIV (PLWH), a positive association is often found between depressive symptoms and unsafe sex, which means sex without a condom. However, the results of such studies are inconclusive. The present study compared the numbers of safe and unsafe sexual contacts from men who have sex with men (MSM) (N = 159), living with HIV and attending a mental health clinic, with those of HIV-negative MSM in the general population (N = 198). We determined whether the presence of depressive symptoms was associated with unsafe sex in either of the two study populations. The depressive symptoms were measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS), (MSM living with HIV) and with the 2012 Sexual Health Monitor (HIV-negative MSM). Finally, we determined whether MSM living with HIV with depressive symptoms, who received psychiatric treatment as usual, engaged in fewer unsafe sexual contacts one year after baseline. The mental-health-treatment-seeking MSM living with HIV engaged in more unsafe sexual contact than the MSM comparison group without HIV. Neither the treatment-seeking MSM living with HIV nor the MSM without HIV in the general population exhibited a relationship between depressive symptoms and unsafe sex. Moreover, the successful treatment of depressive symptoms in the treatment group did not lead to any reduction in the number of unsafe sexual contacts. Further research is needed to develop interventions that might be effective for MSM living with HIV with mental health symptoms to reduce the number of unsafe sexual contacts.
Research on the Cooperative Governance Path of Multiple Stakeholders in Doctor–Patient Disputes under the Environment of Information Asymmetry
Authors: Jiang Mao-Min , Wu Zheng-Yu , Tu Ai-Xian
Published: January 2023

The number of doctor–patient conflicts and disputes in China has been increasing recently. In order to solve the current social problems of the tense doctor–patient relationship and frequent medical disputes, this article, based on grounded theory, uses qualitative analysis software to conduct grounded coding on 622 cases of doctor–patient disputes randomly selected by stratification. After successively adopting open, axial, and selective coding, the relationship structure between the causes and development of medical disputes is summarized. Furthermore, this relationship structure can be used to analyze further and discuss the causes of doctor–patient disputes from the perspective of multiple co-governance and the governance framework of doctor–patient disputes. Finally, it reminds us of the need to standardize government’s regulatory responsibilities, promote the equal distribution of medical resources, strengthen the communication awareness between doctors and patients, reduce the information asymmetry between doctors and patients, and build a preventive mechanism-oriented multi-subject collaborative governance path to promote the relationship between doctors and patients in China. We provide relevant countermeasures and suggestions for harmonious development and the smooth resolution of doctor–patient conflicts.
Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation of the Fall Risk Questionnaire—Portuguese Version
Authors: Monteiro Ana Júlia , Constantino Bernardo , Carvalho Mariana , Silva Helena , Pedro Ricardo , Martins Rodrigo , Atalaia Tiago , Silva Jullyanne , Aleixo Pedro , Alves Sandra
Published: January 2023

Falls are a major problem among older adults worldwide. Early detection of risk factors is important to decrease the burden of falls. The “Fall Risk Questionnaire” (FRQ) is a screening tool used to assess personal fall risk awareness in older populations, and it is also used as a behavior change tool. The aim of the present study was to undertake a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the FRQ to allow its use in the Portuguese population. To achieve this, we used the sequential method proposed by Beaton and colleagues. Statistical analysis was conducted by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha score for intra-observer reliability. The panel revision demonstrated high concordance for all assessed items. The pretesting results indicated that, in general, the FRQ—Portuguese Version (FRQ-VP) was well accepted, and all items were adequate and easy to comprehend. The ICC and Cronbach’s alpha scores indicated high consistency between assessments (p < 0.01; alfa = 0.992). The FRQ-VP seemed to have good reliability and internal consistency. Because the definition of a fall experience may not be clear to the older population, a careful explanation of this item can lead to a better score computation.
Presence of Depression Is Associated with Functional Impairment in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults with Vascular Disease/Diabetes Mellitus—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhao Yuxiao , Zhang Yueying , Teopiz Kayla M. , Lui Leanna M. W. , McIntyre Roger S. , Cao Bing
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The association between chronic diseases and depression has received increasing attention, and are both considered to increase the risk of functional impairment. However, previous research evidence is controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the association between depression, three types of vascular disease (i.e., hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke), diabetes mellitus, and functional impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. Methods: We designed a cross sectional study. Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association between independent variables and functional status. Results: Lower functional status was significantly associated with comorbid depression and vascular disease/diabetes mellitus (Activity of Daily Living/Instrumental Activity of Daily Living: Adjusted OR of Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Myocardial infarction, Stroke is 3.86/4.30, 3.80/4.38, 3.60/4.14, 6.62/7.72, respectively; all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Depression is associated with functional decline in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals with vascular disease/diabetes mellitus. Identifying mediational factors and preventative strategies to reduce concurrent depression in persons with vascular diseases should be a priority therapeutic vista.
Physical Inactivity and Depression: The Gloomy Dual with Rising Costs in a Large-Scale Emergency
Authors: Codella Roberto , Chirico Andrea
Published: January 2023

At the end of October of 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released “the Global status report on physical activity 2022” [...]
Analysis of Perceptions, Preferences, and Participation Intention of Urban Forest Healing Program among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Park Eun Young , Song Min Kyung , Baek Sang Yi
Published: January 2023

It is important to manage the health of cancer survivors who have returned to their daily lives. An increasing number of cancer survivors are undertaking health care in forests near their residences. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the perceptions of forest healing and the program preferences of adult cancer survivors. Data were collected from 388 female cancer survivors through an online survey. Breast cancer survivors comprised 66.2%, and 63.6% of the study participants were diagnosed with cancer within 2 to 5 years prior to the study. The subjective health status was 2.68 ± 0.61 out of 4 points. Of the participants, 62.1% had heard of forest healing and 65.7% intended to participate in the forest healing program. Participants who frequently visited the forest were more likely to participate in the forest healing program in the future than those who rarely visited the forest. A survey among 255 people on specific preferences for the program found that the regular visit type was preferred over the one-time visit type. These results are meaningful because they can be used as a basis for the development of a forest treatment program that reflects the needs of cancer survivors.
Subjective Functional Difficulties and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older-Age Adults: Moderation by Age Cohorts and Mediation by Mentally Unhealthy Days
Authors: Komalasari Renata , Mpofu Elias , Prybutok Gayle , Ingman Stanley
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives: Despite the expected positive association between subjective functional difficulties (SFD) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), their mediation by mentally unhealthy days (MUDs) is under-studied. Moreover, few SCD studies have examined affective reactivity to functional difficulties by age cohort. This study examined the mediation effect of MUDs on the association between SFD and SCD by age cohorts’ moderation among older adults. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design approach, we used the 2019 BRFSS dataset on 13,377 older adults aged 65 to ≥80 (44% males and 56% females). Results: The bias-corrected percentile bootstrap with 5000 samplings revealed that MUDs partially mediate the relationship between SFD and SCD (14.12% mediation effect), controlling depressive symptoms, education, income levels, and race. Age cohorts moderated the relationship between SFD and SCD and between SFD and SCD but not between MUDs and SCD. The predictive effects of the path from SFD to MUDs and from MUDs to SCD were stronger in the younger-old (65–69) than the middle-old (70–79) and oldest-old (≥80) age cohorts. Worse SCD was associated with being Asian, in female older adults, and in those with lower education and income levels. Conclusions: These findings extend the chronic stress theory predictions that accentuated emotional vulnerability to subjective functional difficulties may magnify SCD, particularly in the younger-old age group. By implication, preventive SCD interventions should seek to support younger-old adults in their activities of daily life for successful aging transitioning into older-age cohorts.
Air Pollution and Aeroallergens as Possible Triggers in Preterm Birth Delivery
Authors: Cocchi Enrico , Bellisario Valeria , Cresi Francesco , Plazzotta Claudio , Cassardo Claudio , Siniscalco Consolata , Peruzzi Licia , Bono Roberto
Published: January 2023

Preterm birth (PTB) identifies infants prematurely born <37 weeks/gestation and is one of the main causes of infant mortality. PTB has been linked to air pollution exposure, but its timing is still unclear and neglects the acute nature of delivery and its association with short-term effects. We analyzed 3 years of birth data (2015–2017) in Turin (Italy) and the relationships with proinflammatory chemicals (PM2.5, O3, and NO2) and biological (aeroallergens) pollutants on PTB vs. at-term birth, in the narrow window of a week before delivery. A tailored non-stationary Poisson model correcting for seasonality and possible confounding variables was applied. Relative risk associated with each pollutant was assessed at any time lag between 0 and 7 days prior to delivery. PTB risk was significantly associated with increased levels of both chemical (PM2.5, RR = 1.023 (1.003–1.043), O3, 1.025 (1.001–1.048)) and biological (aeroallergens, RR ~ 1.01 (1.0002–1.016)) pollutants in the week prior to delivery. None of these, except for NO2 (RR = 1.01 (1.002–1.021)), appeared to play any role on at-term delivery. Pollutant-induced acute inflammation eliciting delivery in at-risk pregnancies may represent the pathophysiological link between air pollution and PTB, as testified by the different effects played on PTB revealed. Further studies are needed to better elucidate a possible exposure threshold to prevent PTB.
Long-Term Consequences of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Yirui , Deng Jie , Liu Qiao , Du Min , Liu Min , Liu Jue
Published: January 2023

Little is known about the long-term consequences of asymptomatic infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to review the data available to explore the long-term consequences of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the real world. We searched observational cohort studies that described the long-term health effects of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used to evaluate the pooled prevalence (PP) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of long-term symptoms. Random effects were used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and its 95%CI of different long-term symptoms between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. Five studies involving a total of 1643 cases, including 597 cases of asymptomatic and 1043 cases of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this meta-analysis. The PPs of long-term consequences after asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections were 17.13% (95%CI, 7.55–26.71%) for at least one symptom, 15.09% (95%CI, 5.46–24.73%) for loss of taste, 14.14% (95%CI, −1.32–29.61%) for loss of smell, and 9.33% (95%CI, 3.07–15.60) for fatigue. Compared with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, asymptomatic infection was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing COVID-19-related sequelae (p < 0.05), with 80% lower risk of developing at least one symptom (OR = 0.20, 95%CI, 0.09–0.45), 81% lower risk of fatigue (OR = 0.19, 95%CI, 0.08–0.49), 90% lower risk of loss of taste/smell (OR = 0.10, 95%CI, 0.02–0.58). Our results suggested that there were long-term effects of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as loss of taste or smell, fatigue, cough and so on. However, the risk of developing long-term symptoms in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons was significantly lower than those in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection cases.
Effect of a Four-Week Soccer Training Program Using Stressful Constraints on Team Resilience and Precompetitive Anxiety
Authors: Tassi Juan Martin , Díaz-García Jesús , López-Gajardo Miguel Ángel , Rubio-Morales Ana , García-Calvo Tomás
Published: January 2023

The present study examined the effects of stressful constraints during soccer trainings on psychological skill development and internal load when compared with control (nonstressful) trainings. A total of 51 elite male youth soccer players (27 in the experimental group, M = 16.54 years; 24 in the control group, M = 15.44 years) participated in the study. In a 12-week longitudinal survey, team resilience, using the Spanish version of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory, and anxiety, using the Sport Anxiety Scale, were measured at baseline (after 4 weeks of regular trainings), postprotocol (after 4 weeks of control or experimental trainings), and follow-up (after 4 weeks of regular trainings). Results show that, when compared with the control group, a program with stressful constraints helped young soccer players to develop better psychological skills: specifically, increased ability to cope with impairments in resilience (both resilience characteristics and team vulnerability under pressure; p < 0.001). Increases in anxiety (p = 0.06) and decreases in preoccupation (p < 0.001) and lack of concentration (p < 0.001) were also observed. The adaptation of human behavior to specific trainings may explain these results. In conclusion, the regular exposure of young soccer players to stressful situations during trainings shows benefits for their psychological skill development in soccer. Then, benefits on internal load were also observed.
The Heterogeneous Effects of Formal and Informal Environmental Regulation on Green Technology Innovation—An Empirical Study of 284 Cities in China
Authors: Ren Chuantang , Wang Tao , Wang Yue , Zhang Yizhen , Wang Luwei
Published: January 2023

Promoting green technology innovation (GTI) through environmental regulation is a key measure in reducing the severity of environmental problems. However, the effects of formal environmental regulation (FER) and informal environmental regulation (IER) on GTI have not been clarified. Through theoretical analysis, this paper analyzes the effects of FER and IER on GTI based on OLS and GTWR models. The results show the following: (1) In all Chinese cities, both FER and IER have had a positive impact on GTI. The impact of FER has been much stronger than that of IER. They show a linkage effect, and their interaction (TER) has had a positive impact on GTI. (2) In terms of spatial heterogeneity, the impact of FER, IER, and TER on GTI has decreased across the east–west gradient and has been supplemented by a core–periphery structure. (3) In terms of urban heterogeneity, the impact of FER, IER, and TER has decreased with the size of the city. This study has the potential to strengthen the effect of environmental regulation on GTI. It can provide a decision-making reference for cities to coordinate FER and IER strategies, and provides evidence for adopting regionally differentiated environmental regulation strategies.
Personality and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems in Behavioral Addiction: Analysis of Binge-Watching
Authors: Forte Giuseppe , Favieri Francesca , Casagrande Maria , Tambelli Renata
Published: January 2023

Binge-watching (BW) refers to a pattern of watching TV series characterized by the consecutive viewing of three or more episodes in one sitting. Although there is some evidence about its effects on mental health, little is known about predictive variables which may affect negative occurrences of BW, such as problematic and addictive behavior. This study aimed to assess the unique contribution of personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness) to binge-watching, while also considering the role of two motivational systems: the behavioral inhibition system and the behavioral activation system. Cross-sectional data from 790 respondents were collected using standardized questionnaires evaluating: BW, personality traits, and the behavioral inhibition/activation system. The possible predictive roles of these variables were tested via hierarchical linear regression models. Our results underline a predictive high-risk role of neuroticism and the behavioral inhibition system and a protective role of conscientiousness in the continuum of BW from a leisure activity to a problematic one.