bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Millennial-scale variations in Arctic sea ice are recorded in sedimentary ancient DNA of the microalga Polarella glacialis
Authors: Harðardóttir Sara , Haile James S. , Ray Jessica Louise , Limoges Audrey , Van Nieuwenhove Nicolas , Lalande Catherine , Grondin Pierre-Luc , Jackson Rebecca , Skaar Katrine Sandnes , Heikkilä Maija , Berge Jørgen , Lundholm Nina , Massé Guillaume , Rysgaard Søren , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , De Schepper Stijn , Lorenzen Eline D. , Lovejoy Connie , Ribeiro Sofia
Published: January 2024

Sea ice is a critical component of the Earth’s Climate System and a unique habitat. Sea-ice changes prior to the satellite era are poorly documented, and proxy methods are needed to constrain its past variability. Here, we demonstrate the potential of sedimentary DNA from Polarella glacialis, a sea-ice microalga, for tracing past sea-ice conditions. We quantified P. glacialis DNA (targeting the nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region) in Arctic marine and fjord surface sediments and a sediment core from northern Baffin Bay spanning 12,000 years. Sea ice and sediment trap samples confirmed that cysts of P. glacialis are common in first-year sea ice and sinking particulate matter following sea-ice melt. Its detection is more efficient with our molecular approach than standard micropaleontological methods. Given that the species inhabits coastal and marine environments in the Arctic and Antarctic, P. glacialis DNA has the potential to become a useful tool for circum-polar sea-ice reconstructions.
Role of Large Igneous Provinces in continental break-up varying from “Shirker” to “Producer”
Authors: Koptev Alexander , Cloetingh Sierd
Published: January 2024

Traditionally, the emplacement of the Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) is considered to have caused continental break-up. However, this does not always seem to be the case, as illustrated by, for example, the Siberian Traps, one of the most voluminous flood basalt events in Earth history, which was not followed by lithospheric rupture. Moreover, the classical model of purely active (plume-induced) rifting and continental break-up often fails to do justice to widely varying tectonic impacts of Phanerozoic LIPs. Here, we show that the role of the LIPs in rupture of the lithosphere ranges from initial dominance (e.g., Deccan LIP) to activation (e.g., Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, CAMP) or alignment (e.g., Afar LIP). A special case is the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP), formed due to the “re-awakening” of the Iceland plume by the lateral propagation of the spreading ridge and the simultaneous approach of the plume conduit to adjacent segments of the thinner overlying lithosphere. The proposed new classification of LIPs may provide useful guidance for future research, particularly with respect to some inherent limitations of the common paradigm of purely passive continental break-up and the assumption of a direct link between internal mantle dynamics and the timing of near-surface magmatism.
Molecular palladium catalyst enabling efficient electrochemical C–C bond cleavage within lignin model compounds
Authors: Ren Peidong , Shi Lei , Kan Ziwang , Bai Jiaxiao , Liu Yunyi , Yang Shucheng , Li Siqi , Liu Song
Published: January 2024

The electrochemical conversion of lignin for the production of high-value aromatic compounds holds immense potential.
Investigating the mechanism of propylene epoxidation over halogen (X = F, Cl, Br, I) modified Cu2O(110) surfaces: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhou Lingyun , Wen Zhu , Cui Leyuan , Yang Guangxu , Luo Yingchun , Xie Yadian , Cui Can , Li Chunyan , Fu Gang
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive atomic-scale understanding of how F, Cl, Br,and I ions influence direct propylene epoxidation over Cu2O(110) surfaces.
NNN manganese complex-catalyzed α-alkylation of methyl ketones using alcohols: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Jalwal Sachin , Regina Anitta , Atreya Vaishnavi , Paranjothy Manikandan , Chakraborty Subrata
Published: January 2024

A quinoline-based pincer Mn catalyst for α-alkylation of methyl ketones using primary alcohols as alkyl surrogates is presented. The C–C bond formation reaction proceeds via a hydrogen auto-transfer protocol, generating water as the only by-product.
Portable visual assay for anthrax biomarker based on lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles and smartphone-integrated mini-device
Authors: Yin Shengnan , Xu Tianlun
Published: January 2024

A novel portable sensor based on LML-Tb3+-AMP NPs and a custom-built device was fabricated for real-time and visual detection of anthracis biomarker.
Treatment of oilfield wastewater and synthesis of Na2FeO3 in a chloride ion anode oxidation system
Authors: Guo Haoda , Wang Yifei , Zhang Naidong
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the degradation of oil recovery wastewater and generation of Na2FeO3 in an anodic oxidation system.
Recent progress in nickel single-atom catalysts for the electroreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Yang Ziyan , Chen Rongzhen , Zhang Ling , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong
Published: January 2024

Strategies for enhancing the performance of nickel single-atom catalysts for the electroreduction of CO2 to CO.
Synthesis of oxanorbornene-based phosphonium polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) and investigation of their electrical properties
Authors: M. Misenan M. S. , Süer N. Ceren , Yılmaz Canli N. , A. Khiar A. S. , Eren T.
Published: January 2024

A series of phosphonium polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) was synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The optimum conductivity obtained was 6 × 10−4 S cm−1.
Decoding eumelanin's spin label signature: a comprehensive EPR analysis
Authors: Paulin João V. , Graeff Carlos F. O. , Mostert A. Bernardus
Published: January 2024

Through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, one secret of eumelanin was unlocked revealing its intricate paramagnetic signature.
Development of sulfonyl fluoride chemical probes to advance the discovery of cereblon modulators
Authors: Liu Yingpeng , Nowak Radosław P. , Che Jianwei , Donovan Katherine A. , Huerta Fidel , Liu Hu , Metivier Rebecca J. , Fischer Eric S. , Jones Lyn H.
Published: January 2024

Histidine-targeting covalent chemical probes of the cereblon thalidomide binding domain enabled the discovery of an isoindoline molecular glue degrader.
Electrochemical rewiring through quantum conductance effects in single metallic memristive nanowires
Authors: Milano Gianluca , Raffone Federico , Bejtka Katarzyna , De Carlo Ivan , Fretto Matteo , Pirri Fabrizio Candido , Cicero Giancarlo , Ricciardi Carlo , Valov Ilia
Published: January 2024

In this work, Milano et al. reported on quantum conductance effects in memristive nanowires, unveiling the origin of deviations of conductance levels from integer multiples of the conductance quantum and analyzing conductance fluctuations over time of memristive devices.
Crosstalk-free graphene–liquid elastomer based printed sensors for unobtrusive respiratory monitoring
Authors: Sharma Simran , Thapa Ankur , Singh Sumit , Mondal Titash
Published: January 2024

Smart mask capable of determining respiratory profile at ambient and sub-zero conditions.
Reduction of injection molded silica glass defects and enhancement of glass quality via water debinding
Authors: Guo Shaorun , Ali Mohamed. A. , Mohamed Moushira. A. , Han Xuhu , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: January 2024

Pure silica glass has been fabricated by the injection molding and sintering technique. The quality of the as-fabricated silica glass was improved via the water debinding process.
Bottle brush star block copolymer nanoreactors for efficient photooxidation catalysis: effects of chain softness
Authors: Seo Jin Young , Oh Hyeon Ji , Kang Youngjong , Baek Kyung-Youl
Published: January 2024

The bottle brush star polymer, characterized by its super-soft nature, has the remarkable ability to accelerate the photocatalytic activity of the nanoreactor through enhanced diffusion.
Catalytic fabrication of graphene, carbon spheres, and carbon nanotubes from plastic waste
Authors: Salama Eslam , Mohamed Safaa , Samy Mahmoud , Mensah Kenneth , Ossman Mona , Elkady Marwa F. , Shokry Hassan Hassan
Published: January 2024

In this investigation, we reported sustainable and economical upcycling methods for utilizing plastics as cheap precursors for the production of high-value carbon materials such as graphene (G), carbon spheres (CS), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
SERS detection of surface-adsorbent toxic substances of microplastics based on gold nanoparticles and surface acoustic waves
Authors: Ahn Hyeong Min , Park Jin Oh , Lee Hak-Jun , Lee Cheonkyu , Chun Honggu , Kim Kwang Bok
Published: January 2024

SAW-aggregated gold nanoparticles as SERS substrates for detecting surface-adsorbent toxic substances on microplastics.
Evidencing an elusive conical intersection in the dissociative photoionization of methyl iodide
Authors: González-Vázquez Jesús , García Gustavo A. , Chicharro David V. , Bañares Luis , Poullain Sonia Marggi
Published: January 2024

The valence-shell dissociative ionization of methyl iodide is studied using electron ion coincidence spectroscopy in combination with synchrotron radiation, revealing a conical intersection between the ground and first excited states of the cation.
Accessing metal-specific orbital interactions in C–H activation with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Authors: Banerjee Ambar , Jay Raphael M. , Leitner Torsten , Wang Ru-Pan , Harich Jessica , Stefanuik Robert , Coates Michael R. , Beale Emma V. , Kabanova Victoria , Kahraman Abdullah , Wach Anna , Ozerov Dmitry , Arrell Christopher , Milne Christopher , Johnson Philip J. M. , Cirelli Claudio , Bacellar Camila , Huse Nils , Odelius Michael , Wernet Philippe
Published: January 2024

We propose, using simulated RIXS signatures, a way of spectroscopically accessing the “two-way” charge transfer interactions between the C–H bond and the metal during C–H activation, thereby verifying and motivating orbital correlation diagrams.
Customizing precise, tunable, and universal cascade charge transfer chains towards versatile photoredox catalysis
Authors: Yan Xian , Dong Jun-Hao , Zheng Jing-Ying , Wu Yue , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: January 2024

The core factors dictating the photocatalysis efficiency are predominantly centered on controllable modulation of anisotropic spatial charge transfer/separation and regulating vectorial charge transport pathways.
Polarization of macrophages to an anti-cancer phenotype through in situ uncaging of a TLR 7/8 agonist using bioorthogonal nanozymes
Authors: Zhang Xianzhi , Liu Yuanchang , Jiang Mingdi , Mas-Rosario Javier A. , Fedeli Stefano , Cao-Milan Roberto , Liu Liang , Winters Kyle J. , Hirschbiegel Cristina-Maria , Nabawy Ahmed , Huang Rui , Farkas Michelle E. , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: January 2024

Polarization of macrophage to M1 phenotype by in situ activation of imiquimod using bioorthogonal nanozymes for anticancer therapy.
Sustainable agriculture with LEAFS: a low-cost electrochemical analyzer of foliage stress
Authors: Khazaee Nejad Sina , Ma Haozheng , Al-Shami Abdulrahman , Soleimani Ali , Mohamed Mona A , Dankwah Preston , Lee Hannah J. , Mousavi Maral P. S.
Published: January 2024

LEAFS (a low-cost electrochemical analyzer of foliage stress) measures SA, a biomarker for plant stress, in a blended leaf mixture or can be inserted directly in the plant leaf or stem for continuous monitoring.
Thermo-mechanical characterization and stress engineering of Lipon solid electrolyte
Authors: Cai Truong , Westover Andrew , Kalnaus Sergiy , Athanasiou Christos E. , Dudney Nancy , Sheldon Brian W.
Published: January 2024

A high temperature multibeam-optical-stress sensor (HTMOSS) was used to characterize the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and yield stress of 1-micron thick Lipon films.
Multicolor AIE-active photoswitches with improved fatigue resistance by introducing asymmetric photoactive units
Authors: Wu Yuzhen , Zhan Jiale , Han Zhengdong , Liu Weidong , Qian Zhaosheng , Feng Hui
Published: January 2024

A general asymmetric design strategy for the construction of tetraarylethene-based photoswitches was proposed, which can improve the fatigue resistance and easily achieve multicolor photochromism and fluorescence switching of the photoswitches.
At the end of cosmic noon: Short gas depletion times in unobscured quasars at z ∼ 1
Authors: Frias Castillo M. , Rybak M. , Hodge J. , van der Werf P. , Abbo L. J. , Ballieux F. J. , Ward S. , Harrison C. , Calistro Rivera G. , McKean J. P. , Stacey H. R.
Published: January 2024

Unobscured quasars (QSOs) are predicted to be the final stage in the evolutionary sequence from gas–rich mergers to gas–depleted, quenched galaxies. Studies of this population, however, find a high incidence of far–infrared–luminous sources–suggesting significant dust-obscured star formation–but direct observations of the cold molecular gas fuelling this star formation are still necessary. We present a NOEMA study of CO(2–1) emission, tracing the cold molecular gas, in ten lensed z = 1 − 1.5 unobscured QSOs. We detected CO(2–1) in seven of our targets, four of which also show continuum emission (λrest = 1.3 mm). After subtracting the foreground galaxy contribution to the photometry, spectral energy distribution fitting yielded stellar masses of 109 − 11 M⊙, with star formation rates of 25−160 M⊙ yr−1 for the host galaxies. These QSOs have lower LCO′ than star–forming galaxies with the same LIR, and show depletion times spanning a large range (50−900 Myr), but with a median of just 90(αCO/4) Myr. We find molecular gas masses in the range ≤2−40 × 109(αCO/4) M⊙, which suggest gas fractions above ∼50% for most of the targets. Despite the presence of an unobscured QSO, the host galaxies are able to retain significant amounts of cold gas. However, with a median depletion time of ∼90 Myr, the intense burst of star formation taking place in these targets will quickly deplete their molecular gas reservoirs in the absence of gas replenishment, resulting in a quiescent host galaxy. The non–detected QSOs are three of the four radio–loud QSOs in the sample, and their properties indicate that they are likely already transitioning into quiescence. Recent cosmological simulations tend to overestimate the depletion times expected for these z ∼ 1 QSO–host galaxies, which is likely linked to their difficulty producing starbursts across the general high-redshift galaxy population.
Hot subdwarf wind models with accurate abundances
Authors: Krtička J. , Krtičková I. , Janík J. , Németh P. , Kubát J. , Vučković M.
Published: January 2024

Context. Helium-dominated subdwarfs are core helium burning stars stripped of their envelope. The nuclear evolution of these stars alters surface abundances. Modified abundances impact the strength of the stellar wind.

Aims. We aim to understand the influence of modified surface abundances on the strength of the stellar wind in the helium-dominated subdwarfs CD–46 8926 and CD–51 11879. A modified wind strength could resolve the problem with the X-ray emission of these stars, as the expected X-ray luminosity of both stars is significantly higher than the upper limit determined from observations.

Methods. We used our own optical spectroscopy combined with archival ultraviolet spectroscopy and photometry to derive basic parameters and surface abundances of selected subdwarfs. The resulting parameterst served as input for the METUJE stellar wind code, which predicts the wind structure of these stars. We compared the derived wind parameters with the predictions derived for solar abundances.

Results. The optical analysis showed that both subdwarfs have effective temperatures in excess of 60 kK and a strong overabundance of carbon in the case of CD–46 8926 and nitrogen in the case of CD–51 11879. We interpret the abundance patterns as being a result of enrichment by the products of nuclear reactions. The modified abundances reduce the wind mass-loss rate by tens of percent. The reduction improves the predicted wind line profiles in comparison to observations. The change in helium abundance does not have a strong effect on the wind parameters. As a result of a lower estimated bolometric luminosity and mass-loss rate and a larger distance, the expected X-ray luminosities become lower and agree with observational upper limits.

Conclusions. The nucleosynthesis does not significantly alter the strength of the wind of hot subdwarfs, but the inclusion of proper stellar parameters improves the agreement with observational wind characteristics. Our analysis indicates that subdwarfs overabundant in helium are typically able to launch wind. This conclusion is supported by data gathered for thousands of subdwarfs from the literature, which shows that subdwarfs overabundant in helium avoid the region in the Kiel diagram where the winds are predicted to be absent. This can be interpreted in terms of the gravitational settling of helium, which is suppressed by the winds.
High-resolution radio imaging of the two particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries HD 167971 and HD 168112
Authors: De Becker M. , Marcote B. , Furst T. , Benaglia P.
Published: January 2024

Context. The colliding-wind region in binary systems made up of massive stars allows us to investigate various aspects of shock physics, including particle acceleration. Particle accelerators of this kind are mainly identified thanks to their synchrotron radio emission and dubbed particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries.

Aims. Our objective is first to validate the notion that obtaining snapshot high-resolution radio images of massive binaries constitutes a relevant approach to unambiguously identifying particle accelerators. Second, we intend to exploit these images to characterise the synchrotron emission of two specific targets, HD 167971 and HD 168112, which are known particle accelerators.

Methods. We traced the radio emission from the two targets at 1.6 GHz with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network, with an angular resolution of a few milli-arcseconds.

Results. Our measurements allowed us to obtain images for both targets. For HD 167971, our observation occurs close to apastron, at an orbital phase where the synchrotron emission is at minimum. For HD 168112, we resolved for the very first time the synchrotron emission region. The emission region appears slightly elongated, in agreement with the expectations for a colliding-wind region. In both cases, the measured emission is significantly stronger than the expected thermal emission from the stellar winds, lending strong support to their non-thermal nature.

Conclusions. Our study offers a significant contribution to the still poorly addressed question of high angular resolution radio imaging of colliding-wind binaries. We show that snapshot VLBI measurements constitute an efficient approach to investigate these objects, with promising results in terms of the identification of additional particle accelerators, coupled with their applicability in revealing long-period binaries.
An improved pistachio detection approach using YOLO-v8 Deep Learning Models
Authors: Gökalp Çınarer , Mübarek Mazhar Çakır
Published: January 2024

Pistachios are an agricultural product widely used in the food industry. It is very important that pistachios are presented to the consumer in good quality on time. At the same time, whether the shells of pistachios are open or closed is an important criterion from a commercial industrial point of view. Pistachios with their shells open have a high unsaturated fat content, a high maturity level and an expensive market value. In this study, the open or closed status of pistachios was determined by using Artificial Intelligence-based deep learning models. For pistachio detection, 423 image data belonging to the Pesteh dataset were classified using models of the Yolov8 algorithm, which detects objects using convolutional neural networks. The data set is divided into 80% training, 10% validation and 10% testing. The performances of the models were evaluated with precision, recall, F1 and mAP score metrics. The highest test mAP value of the Yolov8 algorithm, which was run with image data consisting of pistachios, was obtained with the Yolov8-m model with 94.8%. The Yolov8-m model achieved a very successful result with 49.6 MB weight size, 11.0 ms inference time value and 0.33 hours training time value. In addition, the model's fast classification performance and small file size facilitate its applicability in the industrial field. The results show that the classification and detection of open and closed shell pistachios has been successfully carried out with Yolo models.
Evaluation of Bioethanol Yield Potential of Different Sweet Sorghum Cultivars Grown as a Second Crop Under Eastern Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Nazlı Recep İrfan , Polat Mihrab
Published: January 2024

Sweet sorghum has a high potential for bioethanol production due to its high fermentable sugar content and biomass yield. This research was carried out to evaluate bioethanol yield potential of six sweet sorghum cultivars (ICSV 93046, ICSV 700, Black Amber, White African, Gülşeker, and Red’s Red) during summer growing season of 2022 under eastern Mediterranean conditions. Cultivars were significantly differed for brix degree, green herbage yield, juice yield, and juice ethanol yields in the study. ICSV 93046 produced the significantly highest fresh stem yield (58811 kg/ha), juice yield (16105 kg/ha), and juice ethanol yield (1194 L/ha) and followed by ICSV 700. On the other hand, the significantly lowest brix degree (10.5 ◦ Bx) and juice ethanol yield (322 L/ha) were achieved by Gülşeker. These results suggested that ICSV 93046 was the most suitable cultivar to be grown as a second crop for bioethanol production under eastern Mediterranean conditions.
Microwave-Assisted Foam Mat Drying of Kumquat Puree and Investigation of Some Parameters
Authors: Varol Hürkan Tayfun , Karaaslan Sevil , Külcü Recep , Sivri Damla Su
Published: January 2024

Kumquat puree, with the initial moisture content of 81.02 ± 0.8 (w.b) on wet basis, were dried using two different methods, microwave, and fan assisted hot air microwave (FAHA) until moisture content of kumquat was reduced to average of 25.02 ± 1.35 w.b. Microwave trials at 1.8 , 3.6, and 5.4 Wg- 1 lasted for 51, 19 and 12 min, respectively. FAHA trials at 1.8 , 3.6, and 5.4 Wg-1 at 100 ˚C and 1.8 , 3.6, and 5.4 Wg-1 at 150 ˚C lasted for 46, 38, 18, 15, 12 and 11 minutes, respectively. For foam drying, Soy protein (1%) and Maltodextrin (1%) were used as foaming agent, and carboxymethyl cellulose (1%) was used as foam stabilizer. After the drying trials, dried kumquat was powdered. The scope of this study, a comparison of measurements of moisture with that of the predicted results was made, obtained from 13 thin layer drying models. Further, drying rate, color parameter and energy consumptions were compared for each trial. For all microwave and FAHA trials, Kulcu et. al. (Unpublished) model was the most appropriate models depending on lowest chi-square value and root mean square error values. Color and specific energy consumptions (SEC) were categorized by using (SPSS) and chosen the best efficiency condition for drying as considering SEC. The most suitable drying process according to SEC was obtained at 5.4 Wg-1 microwave drying method with value of 1.94 Whg-1.
Potential Status of Persimmon (Diospyrus kaki L.) in Türkiye and Its Impact on Human Health
Authors: Polat Yakup , Kazan Murat , Çelik Ferit , Kafkas Nesibe Ebru
Published: January 2024

Anatolia is the gene center of many fruit species grown in the world and is also very rich in terms of fruit species and varieties. Diospyrus kaki L., known as persimmon, is one of these fruit species. Considering Türkiye’s ecological conditions, persimmon has a great potential for production. In recent studies, the potential health effects of persimmon have been cited as an important factor, increasing the popularity and consumption of persimmon. In addition, persimmon has become the center of attention in recent years due to the attractive orange color of the fruit, its distinctive taste and structure, rich in antioxidants and phenolic compounds. In this review study, it was aimed to increase awareness of the production potential of persimmon grown in Turkiye by revealing its production potential, and to shed light on decision-makers in future production planning by providing information in terms of economic importance and health.
Results of Frontal Plug Tests Combined with Active Working Body
Authors: Mirzakhodjaev Sherzodkhuja , Djiyanov Ma’ruf , Nurmikhamedov Buron , Mamasov Shavkat
Published: January 2024

Article data on the average moisture and hardness of the soil before the tests are carried out. The combined plow with an active working organ developed in field tests 630Cwas added to the Claas ARION tractor, the theoretical and working depth, working speed were determined and the principle of operation was presented. The obtained results show that all the quality parameters of the plow with an active working organ, i.e. coverage width, processing depth, completeness and depth of burial of plant residues, soil compaction quality and the height of irregularities on the surface of the plow fully meet the agrotechnical requirements. given. The developed combined frontal plow with an active working body reliably performed the specified technological process compared to the plow with a passive working body and O’P-4/5-40, and its results are presented. Research of the results reliability of research modern style and measure from tools used without held, combined frontal plug active the work bodies parameters theoretical in terms of in justification higher math, theoretical of mechanics main the rule and methods action done, experiences to the results mathematician statistics methods with processing given, theoretical and practical studies of the results mutually adequacy, done studies based on work developed active the work organ the field of tests positive results and to practice current done with explained.
Spatially-temporal distribution of moisture content and dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions from upper soil horizons in floodplain fallow lands of Bashmakovsky district of Penza oblast
Authors: Buzylev Alexey , Tikhonova Maria , Taller Evgeny , Zhigaleva Yaroslava , Iliushkova Elena
Published: January 2024

There are more than 1’300 thousand hectares of fallow lands potentially suitable for agricultural producers in the Penza region of Russia, which is 31% of the region total area. More than 300000 hectares of land have been abandoned for more than 20 years, and territory already became forest. Additionally soils under young forests – actively sequester carbon dioxide in soil. How much it makes sense to raise fallow land in terms of climate change and which areas produce the most carbon dioxide from the soil is a research question of great interest. In addition to vegetation, factors such as soil moisture and temperature influence the carbon dioxide emission from soil. As a result, the greenhouse gas fluxes monitoring, we can conclude that forest areas and natural ecosystems mostly deposit carbon dioxide, as the amount of available carbon increases due to a greater increase in biomass. Areas that are used in agriculture produce more nitrous oxide and methane, but less carbon dioxide, which is associated with the specifics of fertilization.
DHA (omega-3 fatty acid) increases the action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Authors: Majou Didier , Dermenghem Anne-Lise
Published: January 2024

Neurons have high energy needs, requiring a continuous supply of glucose from the blood. Tight regulation of glucose metabolism in response to stimuli is essential for brain physiology. Glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow are closely coordinated during neuronal activity to maintain proper brain function. In a previous article, we have already detailed the mechanisms by which the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the efficiency of glucose uptake by stimulating GLUT-1 action and NO-mediated vasodilation. In this article, we now clarify how the activation of BDNF helps to stimulate the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and upregulates NMDA receptor activity. In short, high-frequency neuronal activity induces the secretion of BDNF, whose presence boosts this important pathway. DHA, via the PPARα-RXRα and PPARɣ-RXRα heterodimers, is involved in the critical regulation of BDNF activation. As a preferential ligand of PPARs and RXRα, DHA plays an important role in the gene expression of CREB and CPE, and it is involved in the regulation and expression of tPA, as well as the inhibition of PAI-1. BDNF boosts the IGF-1/estradiol/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and DHA boosts the action of BDNF.
Clinical usefulness of tissue acquisition of pancreatic cystic lesions using an endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle for histological analysis
Authors: Castro Juliana Silveira Lima de , Taglieri Eloy , Neto Otávio Micelli , Guerra João Guilherme , Venco Filadélfio Euclides , Andrade Eliza , Seraphim Alvaro Moura , Romanini Samuel Galante , Torres Isabela Trindade , Serrano Juan Pablo Roman , Goldman Suzan Menasce , Kemp Rafael , dos Santos José Sebastião , Ardengh José Celso
Published: January 2024

Background and study aims There are rare data on the usefulness
of endosonography-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) in patients with pancreatic cystic
lesions (PCLs). This study aimed to determine the accuracy of EUS-TA with ProCore 20G (PC20)
for differentiating between mucinous neoplasia (MN) and non-MNs (n-MN) and identifying
malignant PCLs, as well as its adverse events (AEs) in patients with PCLs without a
classificatory diagnosis by imaging exams.

Patients and methods In this observational, retrospective,
single-center study, all patients with PCL who underwent EUS-TA due to diagnostic doubts in
imaging studies were consecutively recruited from June 2017 to December 2021. The outcomes
were to determine the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-TA with PC20 for differentiating between MN
and n-MN, identifying malignant PCLs, and the AEs.

Results Herein, 145 patients underwent EUS-TA, with 83 women
(57.2%) and a mean age of 62.2 years. The mean size was 2.3 cm, with 81 patients (77.9%)
having a PCL < 3.0 cm. The final diagnosis was made by EUS-TA (n = 81), surgery (n = 58),
and follow-up (n = 6). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values,
and accuracy for differentiating between MNs and n-MNs and identifying malignant PCLs were
92.6%, 98.4%, 98.7%, 91.3%, and 95.2% (kappa=0.9), and 92%, 99.2%, 95.8%, 98.3%, and 97.9%
(kappa = 0.93), respectively. The AE rate was 2.7%, with no deaths in this cohort.

Conclusions EUS-TA with PC20 has high accuracy and technical
success with a low AE rate for PCL diagnosis.
Long-Term Outcome and Complications after Transcondylar Screw Placement for Canine Humeral Intracondylar Fissure
Authors: Low Daniel , Hutchings Victoria , Rutherford Scott
Published: January 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to report postoperative complications and long-term outcomes following transcondylar screw placement for humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF).

Study Design It was a retrospective single-centre case series. Medical records (2018–2022) were reviewed for dogs with HIF treated with transcondylar screw placement. Data collected included signalment, concurrent orthopaedic disease, partial or complete HIF, surgeon, surgical approach, surgical technique and implant type, transcondylar screw angulation, postoperative complications and outcomes. Long-term outcome was assessed with owner questionnaire, orthopaedic examination and follow-up radiography. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors predisposing to a complication or a poor outcome.

Results Forty-seven dogs (57 elbows) met the inclusion criteria; long-term follow-up was available in 41 dogs (50 elbows). Minor and major medical complications were noted in seven and three elbows respectively. The total complication rate was 17.5%. Increasing age was significantly associated with a reduced risk of postoperative complications (p = 0.0051). No other risk factors were identified. A postoperative complication was not associated with a less than full outcome (p = 0.5698).

Conclusion Transcondylar screw placement for HIF is associated with a low complication rate and good outcome.
In vivo label-free tissue histology through a microstructured imaging window
Authors: Conci Claudio , Sironi Laura , Jacchetti Emanuela , Panzeri Davide , Inverso Donato , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca , Osellame Roberto , Collini Maddalena , Cerullo Giulio , Chirico Giuseppe , Raimondi Manuela Teresa
Published: January 2024

Tissue histopathology, based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thin tissue slices, is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune reaction to the implant of a biomaterial. It is based on lengthy and costly procedures that do not allow longitudinal studies. The use of non-linear excitation microscopy in vivo, largely label-free, has the potential to overcome these limitations. With this purpose, we develop and validate an implantable microstructured device for the non-linear excitation microscopy assessment of the immune reaction to an implanted biomaterial label-free. The microstructured device, shaped as a matrix of regular 3D lattices, is obtained by two-photon laser polymerization. It is subsequently implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs for 7 days to act as an intrinsic 3D reference frame for cell counting and identification. The histological analysis based on H&E images of the tissue sections sampled around the implanted microstructures is compared to non-linear excitation and confocal images to build a cell atlas that correlates the histological observations to the label-free images. In this way, we can quantify the number of cells recruited in the tissue reconstituted in the microstructures and identify granulocytes on label-free images within and outside the microstructures. Collagen and microvessels are also identified by means of second-harmonic generation and autofluorescence imaging. The analysis indicates that the tissue reaction to implanted microstructures is like the one typical of CAM healing after injury, without a massive foreign body reaction. This opens the path to the use of similar microstructures coupled to a biomaterial, to image in vivo the regenerating interface between a tissue and a biomaterial with label-free non-linear excitation microscopy. This promises to be a transformative approach, alternative to conventional histopathology, for the bioengineering and the validation of biomaterials in in vivo longitudinal studies.
Simulation of dynamics of rotating weakly ionized plasmas
Authors: Wong Alfred Y. , Lee K. H. , Lee L. C.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present a simulation study on the generation of rotating gas in a cylindrical chamber, which contains weakly ionized gas with charge to neutral density ratio (10−6−10−3). In this chamber, a radial current component of current density, Jr, is driven by an external electric potential difference between the inner and the outer radial boundaries, and a static magnetic field B0 is imposed in the axial direction. The charged particles are accelerated in the azimuthal direction by the Lorentz force Jr×B0. The neutrals then gain an azimuthal acceleration through ion–neutral collisions. The centrifugal force increases as the azimuthal speed increases. In the simulation, a strong centrifugal acceleration of 1011 m/s2 is achieved with an azimuthal speed of 105 m/s. A density gradient is developed to balance the centrifugal force, and the density at the outer radial boundary can reach 1025−1026 m−3.
A machine vision-based wear detection method for guide pair of the mine hoisting system
Authors: Li Qiang , Ding Xin , Zhou Gongbo , Han Lianfeng , Liu Dongrun , Zhou Ping , He Zhenzhi
Published: January 2024

The wear detection of the guide pair (GP) plays a key role in the safe operation of the mine hoist system. Due to the actual working conditions of the well, manual detection is still the main detection method for GP wear, which has the problems of time consumption, low detection accuracy, and being unable to realize real-time detection. In view of this situation, this paper studies a machine vision-based wear detection method of GP in a mine hoisting system. First, the wear detection algorithm of GP is designed by means of image correction, image preprocessing, and edge extraction. Then, the hardware of the detection system is selected and designed, and the interface of the upper computer is designed by LABVIEW. Finally, according to the actual underground working conditions, a test platform for the wear detection system is built, and the detection experiment is carried out. The results show that the method can detect the wear and the location of the GP’s wear in real time. The maximum average error of the detection under three different wear conditions is 3.54%, which meets the requirements of the specified measurement accuracy. It can provide technical support for the automatic detection of the wear of GP in mine hoisting systems.
Field theory description of the non-perturbative optical nonlinearity of epsilon-near-zero media
Authors: Tamashevich Yaraslau , Shubitidze Tornike , Dal Negro Luca , Ornigotti Marco
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we introduce a fully non-perturbative approach for the description of the optical nonlinearity of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media. In particular, based on the rigorous Feynman path integral method, we develop a dressed Lagrangian field theory for light–matter interactions and discuss its application to dispersive Kerr-like media with order-of-unity light-induced refractive index variations. Specifically, considering the relevant case of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) nonlinearities, we address the novel regime of non-perturbative refractive index variations in ENZ media and establish that it follows naturally from a scalar field theory with a Born–Infeld Lagrangian. Moreover, we developed a predictive model that includes the intrinsic saturation effects originating from the light-induced modification of the Drude terms in the linear dispersion of ITO materials. Our results extend the Huttner–Barnett–Bechler electrodynamics model to the case of non-perturbative optical Kerr-like media providing an intrinsically nonlinear, field-theoretic framework for understanding the exceptional nonlinearity of ITO materials beyond traditional perturbation theory.
The measurement and analysis of similarity degree on data from two types of seismic recorders
Authors: Pang Guanghua , Xue Peng , Gao Jiawei , Jia Shuaifeng , Yu Shengbao
Published: January 2024

Seismic instruments are widely used in projects related to geophysical prospecting. Quality data from seismic recorders help to determine subterranean structures with high precision. This paper first introduces a field experiment carried out by deploying seismic stations equipped with two kinds of seismic recorders: GEI (China) and Reftek 130 (USA). Then, the three-component seismograms from GEI are measured and evaluated by comparing with those from Reftek 130 in different aspects: waveforms in time and frequency domain, quantitative analysis by calculation and statistic of correlation coefficient, and signal to noise ratio of seismic signal. Our results were presented by multiple images as the following: (I) Both the time and frequency waveforms of GEI were almost exactly coincident with those of Reftek 130, with over 98.60 percent of the correlation coefficients in the time domain within 0.95–1.0, and all those in the frequency domain above 0.9977. (II) The accurate time lag estimation of GEI’s signal was gained by the lag and correlation algorithms based on left–right sliding windows. The GEI clock was 7.3545 ns behind the Reftek 130 clock after every 1 s, which could be utilized to correct the internal clock to improve the synchronous accuracy of seismic recorders. (III) Some seismic signals from GEI were obviously stronger than those from Reftek 130. Our results may potentially promote and support the optimization of seismic recorders and their application in geophysics methods.
Characteristics of price related fluctuations in non-fungible token (NFT) market
Authors: Szydło Paweł , Wątorek Marcin , Kwapień Jarosław , Drożdż Stanisław
Published: January 2024

A non-fungible token (NFT) market is a new trading invention based on the blockchain technology, which parallels the cryptocurrency market. In the present work, we study capitalization, floor price, the number of transactions, the inter-transaction times, and the transaction volume value of a few selected popular token collections. The results show that the fluctuations of all these quantities are characterized by heavy-tailed probability distribution functions, in most cases well described by the stretched exponentials, with a trace of power-law scaling at times, long-range memory, persistence, and in several cases even the fractal organization of fluctuations, mostly restricted to the larger fluctuations, however. We conclude that the NFT market—even though young and governed by somewhat different mechanisms of trading—shares several statistical properties with the regular financial markets. However, some differences are visible in the specific quantitative indicators.
An efficient task offloading method for drip irrigation and fertilization at edge nodes based on quantum chaotic genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Liu Xiang , Tian Min
Published: January 2024

Minimizing the offloading latency of agricultural drip irrigation and fertilization tasks has long been a pressing issue in agricultural drip irrigation and fertilization wireless sensor networks (AIFWSNs). The introduction of edge computing as a robust and practical aid to cloud computing in AIFWSNs can significantly improve the execution speed of agricultural drip irrigation and fertilization tasks and effectively reduce the task offloading latency. Therefore, this paper investigates the optimization method of drip irrigation and fertilization task offloading delay in AIFWSNs based on edge computing and proposes a new edge task offloading method for AIFWSNs, namely, Quantum Chaotic Genetic Optimization Algorithm (QCGA). This paper introduces a novel quantum operator in QCGA, comprising a quantum non-gate and a quantum rotation gate, to improve the algorithm’s global search capability. The quantum operator accomplishes the updating of quantum rotating gates without querying the quantum rotation angle table, which reduces the computational complexity of introducing quantum optimization into the task offloading problem of AIFWSNs. This paper proposes a new chaotic operator to make the initial solution more uniformly distributed in the search space by chaotic mapping. This paper’s simulation experiments compared QCGA and snake optimizer (SO), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), sequential offloading, and random offloading methods. Simulation results showed that, compared with SO, GA, PSO, sequential offloading, and random offloading methods, the average delay of QCGA was reduced by 9.96%, 26.78%, 29.31%, 44.67%, and 61.24%.
A survey of stockperson attitudes and youngstock management practices on Australian dairy farms
Authors: Field Laura , Verdon Megan , Jongman Ellen , Hemsworth Lauren
Published: January 2024

Context The attitudes of stockpeople towards their animals directly affects the human–animal relationship, in turn affecting stockperson behaviour and animal welfare and productivity. Little is known about the attitudes of Australian stockpeople towards dairy youngstock under their care. Aims We aimed to explore Australian stockperson attitudes and management practices associated with calf management and reported replacement heifer outcomes. Methods A convenience sample surveying 91 Australian dairy stockpeople was used to explore common calf-rearing practices, as well as attitudes of stockpeople towards youngstock and current issues in youngstock welfare and management on Australian dairy farms. Key results Management of both replacement and non-replacement calves varied considerably by farm, and reported practices did not correlate with herd management or demographic data. Factor analysis identified nine principal components related to attitudes towards primiparous heifer and calf welfare and management practices. Variables calculated from these components rarely correlated with demographic factors; however, female respondents were more likely to have positive attitudes towards current issues in calf management (P = 0.013). Several correlations were found between the component variables. Participants who believed it was difficult to use higher-welfare practices to manage the herd were less likely to believe their trusted advisors valued these practices (P < 0.001), or believe these practices were important themselves (P < 0.001). These participants were more likely to believe that early lactation heifers were difficult to handle (P < 0.001), and less likely to believe that it was important to separate cows and calves for calf health (P = 0.006). Respondents who believed that heifers were difficult to handle in early lactation were more likely to believe heifers on their farm were underperforming (P < 0.001). Conclusions Factors external to farm demographics appear to shape the attitudes of Australian stockpeople and on-farm dairy youngstock management decisions. Attitudes towards youngstock appear to be linked to on-farm cultures, particularly the perceived difficulty of performing tasks linked to good welfare outcomes, and the perceived value placed on these practices by trusted advisors. Implications The results indicate that further research using a more representative sample is needed to better understand those responsible for Australian dairy youngstock management and the key drivers behind their management choices, to best tailor approaches to encouraging implementation of best practice on-farm.
A structurally precise mechanism links an epilepsy-associated
KCNC2
potassium channel mutation to interneuron dysfunction
Authors: Clatot Jerome , Currin Christopher B. , Liang Qiansheng , Pipatpolkai Tanadet , Massey Shavonne L. , Helbig Ingo , Delemotte Lucie , Vogels Tim P. , Covarrubias Manuel , Goldberg Ethan M.
Published: January 2024

De novo heterozygous variants in
KCNC2
encoding the voltage-gated potassium (K
+
) channel subunit Kv3.2 are a recently described cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). A de novo variant in
KCNC2
c.374G > A (p.Cys125Tyr) was identified via exome sequencing in a patient with DEE. Relative to wild-type Kv3.2, Kv3.2-p.Cys125Tyr induces K
+
currents exhibiting a large hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of activation, accelerated activation, and delayed deactivation consistent with a relative stabilization of the open conformation, along with increased current density. Leveraging the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Kv3.1, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that a strong π-π stacking interaction between the variant Tyr125 and Tyr156 in the α-6 helix of the T1 domain promotes a relative stabilization of the open conformation of the channel, which underlies the observed gain of function. A multicompartment computational model of a Kv3-expressing parvalbumin-positive cerebral cortex fast-spiking γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneuron (PV-IN) demonstrates how the Kv3.2-Cys125Tyr variant impairs neuronal excitability and dysregulates inhibition in cerebral cortex circuits to explain the resulting epilepsy.