bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voices of youth: how Indigenous young people in urban Ontario experience plans of care
Authors: Madigan1 Brittany
Published: December 2021

The plan of care is a document completed regularly for every child and youth in the care of Children’s Aid Society in Ontario. Using a mixed methods approach with a strong emphasis on Indigenous Methodologies, a key informant and two Indigenous young people who have been in care share their thoughts about how plans of care can be improved. The youth describe how their plan of care was impacted by the relationship with their worker and level of participation in goal setting. It is discussed that the plan of care presents as a standardized, bureaucratic tool that does not inherently reflect Indigenous culture. These findings lead to recommendations for change including greater opportunities for relationship-building between workers and youth, space for young people to participate in planning, integration of Indigenous culture in plans of care, and the need for reconciliation at the macro level.
The Waters of Sexual Exploitation: Understanding the World of Sexually Exploited Youth
Authors: Rocke Cathy , MacKenzie Laurie , Keast-Wiatrowski Bram
Published: December 2021

The sexual exploitation of youth is a complex and multidimensional social problem. Understanding the antecedents and factors that entrap youth into the world of sexual exploitation is imperative for effective interventions. This article presents a visual entitled the Waters of Sexual Exploitation that is used as a training tool for social service personnel to understand the world of sexually exploited youth. The visual was developed through an extensive review of the literature as well as in consultation with the Sexually Exploited Youth Training Committee with a specific focus on the overrepresentation of Aboriginal youth who are sexually exploited. The Waters of Sexual Exploitation visual helps to capture the complex relationships that develop between sexually exploited youth, the people that exploit the youth, and the helpers working with youth exiting this world. The visual is enhanced by the inclusion of the lived experience of a survivor of this world.
Editorial: It takes all of us to enforce the law
Authors:   First Nations Child & Family Caring Society of Canada
Published: December 2021

January 26, 2016, was a historic day. Nine years after the Caring Society and Asssembly of First Nations filed the case, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal issued a landmark ruling that found Canada guilty of racial discrimination against First Nations children. Featuring interviews with the Caring Society's pro bono legal team, this short film explores the history and significance of the case through a legal lens. Thoughtful and engaging, the film is a must watch for legal professionals, educators, activists, and young people alike.
Thunder Finder
Authors: Harrisson Kaitrina L. ,   M'Wikwedong Youth Group, Sanchez-Pimienta Carlos E. , Masuda Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

This video is about a Métis youth’s (Kaitrina Harrisson) journey of self-discovery, specifically their sexuality. Speaking of the past, finding inspiration; into the present, acknowledging their identity; and to the future, carrying hope. They also speak about the help lent to them by the hand drum and grandfather drum. Throughout the video, Kaitrina is heard drumming with the women’s and men’s drum circles they are a part of. Kaitrina created this video through a research project entitled: Promoting healthy urban environments for young Indigenous peoples: The case of M'Wikwedong Native Cultural Resource Centre. The research team was formed by the M’Wikwedong Youth Group (Ryerson King, Kaitrina Harrisson, Steven Schlonies, Nikita Jones, and James Schlonies) and the Centre for Environmental Health Equity at Queen’s University (Carlos Sanchez-Pimienta and Jeffrey Masuda). This video displays a previous iteration of the name of this project. M'Wikwedong recently changed its name to "M'Wikwedong Indigenous Friendship Centre."
We all want to learn
Authors: Dushang Baldeesh , Jadoonanan Shivar , Shah Sukman
Published: December 2021

The grade 3/4 and grade 7 class at Ross Drive Public School worked together to learn about treaties, Shannen Koostachin, and Shannen’s Dream. The students were asked to think about what a safe and comfy education might look like and why it is unfair that Shannen Koostachin had to fight for this right. To learn more, visit www.shannensdream.ca.
What it takes to support a loved one with FASD
Authors: Reid Dorothy , Laplante Simon , Marnoch Ray , Roberts Tammy , Noah Jennifer , Schmidt Sonja , Beland Wanda , Mohr Shana
Published: December 2021

This photovoice project was undertaken by the Family Advisory Committee of the Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Research Network to describe the experiences and the challenges faced by those supporting loved ones with FASD. Photovoice is a method of bringing forth the voice of those who are typically marginalized. It is a process by which people can act as recorders and potential catalysts for social action and change. The Family Advisory Committee chose the photovoice technique to communicate both their experiential knowledge and the research knowledge on both the challenges and rewards in supporting individuals with FASD. This photovoice project highlights several themes that are consistent with the results of caregiver research and provide a glimpse into the experience of those supporting loved ones with FASD. Through this type of knowledge translation the Family Advisory Committee hopes to enhance policy maker and service provider understanding of the necessity of providing support and services not only to the individual with FASD but to those who support them as well.
FLOCCULATION STUDY OF NATURAL QUARTZ SAMPLE USING ANIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE
Authors: Tankosić Ljiljana , Sredić Svjetlana , Tančić Pavle , Nedić Zoran
Published: December 2021

The waste sludge generated during processing of iron ore in the Omarska mine (The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) is fine-grained (15μm), containing relatively high concentrations of iron, and quartz as its major impurity. The flocculation behaviour of the primary natural raw “quartz” sample from Omarska mine was studied in the present paper. This sample is composed of major quartz which dominates over minor contents of clay minerals and feldspars, and contain 92.9% of SiO2. Particle size distribution analysis confirm that it is present as fine and ultra-fine particles. The zeta potential of quartz depends on pH value. Settling experiments were performed by using three different dispersants (Na-hexamethaphosphate, Na-pyrophosphate and Na-silicate), and anionic polyacrylamide as flocculants. The best results were achieved with Nahexametaphosphate (1000 g/t) and anionic polyacrylamide A 100. The effect of a flocculant on the settling rate depends on solid concentration. Settling rates increase significantly with the increase of the liquid component in both cases (natural settling and hindered settling by addition of a flocculant).
THE ROLE OF BATTERIES IN NEAR-FUTURE ENERGETICS
Authors: Mentus Slavko
Published: December 2021

Since the first oil crisis in early 70-ties, the electrochemists strive to develop a chemical power source able to replace the liquid fossil fuels in traffic. Noticeable success was achieved in the decade 1980-1990. Thanks to a new class of materials – intercalate compounds, a new battery called lithium-ion battery was commercialized, having much higher energy density than its predecessors. In this work the origin of its high energy density is explained. The emergence of new battery supported effectively the expansion of use and the development of portable electronics - mobile phones, lap-top calculators tablets etc. Since 2010, connected to the global intentions to prevent climate changes, the batteries received the role of the energy sources of electric cars. Recently, connected to the rising use of renewable energy sources known to suffer of changeable intensity, batteries take also the role of grid energy storage, having the function to smooth the disturbances in grid voltage. All this caused huge rise in batteries usage, and poses the question about the availability of global resources of lithium, cobalt and nickel needed for battery production. The recent forecast is that these resources will be exhausted very soon in the decade 2030-2040. Thus, there is a strong need to search for new battery types, to maintain, at least partly, available lithium resources for more demanding applications. As a part of solutions having real perspective, the development of sodium-ion battery is currently in progress. In that sense, some perspective anode and cathode materials were considered.
MODELLING OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN AlCu5Mg1 ALLOYS
Authors: Zlatičanin Biljana , Radonjić Branislav
Published: December 2021

Al-based alloys were one of the first material types to which thermodynamic phase diagram calculations were applied. Since then improvements in modelling and the increase in computing power has enabled very accurate predictions to be made for phase equilibria in real multicomponent alloys.
ЗНАЧАЈ МЕЂУНАРОДНИХ И ДОМАЋИХ ДОКУМЕНАТА И СТАНДАРДА У ПРЕВЕНЦИЈИ И СУЗБИЈАЊУ ОРГАНИЗОВАНОГ КРИМИНАЛИТЕТА
Authors: Михајловић Александар , Костић Миомира
Published: December 2021

У раду, аутори су указали на значај појаве и развоја превенције криминалитета, посебно организованог криминалитета, ради обез-беђења сигурности у друштвеној заједници. У многим случајевима, активности организованог криминалитета обезбеђују услуге и по-годности, којe иако добро знанe као забрањене активности, пред-стављају изворе задовољства, чак добробити у свакодневном животу. Организовани криминалитет инфилтрирао се у многе делове легитимног пословања, па се „сарадња“ између организованог криминалитета и легитимног грађанског друштва види као уобичајени начин поступања. Цена коштања по једно друштво, услед постојања и деловања орга-низованог криминалитета, скоро да је материјално немерљива, а претпоставља губитак живота и имовине људи и огромна материјална улагања друштва, услед напора да се овај тип криминалитета искорени или, бар, стави под контролу. Аутори су издвојили најзначајнија документа међународних организација, као и позитивноправне норме у српском законодавству, да укажу на разуђеност, али и потпуност јурисдикције у области спречавања и сузбијања организованог криминалитета.
НЕШТО О ПОДОБНОСТИ ЗА КРИВИЧНУ ОДГОВОРНОСТ
Authors: Петковић Игор
Published: December 2021

Имајући у виду обим доктринарних и легислативних приступа питањима кривичне одговорности, намјера аутора је да без претензија, у границама формата, на прегледан начин систематизује позитивно-правне одредбе којима се прописује основ одговорности у кривичном праву Босне и Херцеговине. У раду се, након излагања основних принципа, анализирају норме којима је регулисан статус три категорије суб-јеката: физичких лица, малољетника и правних лица (иако су и малољетници физичка лица, оваква подјела је извршена уз уважавање за-конских разграничења). Основни метод је нормативни, док су исто-ријски и компаративни метод коришћени у мјери која је сматрана потребном за употпуњавање обрађиваних цјелина.
ПРОГАЊАЊЕ ПУТЕМ ИНТЕРНЕТА – КО СУ ИЗВРШИОЦИ И ЖРТВЕ?
Authors: Вилић Вида
Published: December 2021

Проналазак и развој компјутера представља један од најупадљивијих резултата фасцинантног развоја људске мисли и проналазаштва. Уз све могућности које пружају интернет и друштвене мреже, постоји небројено мноштво прилика за упознавање нових људи, стицање и развијање личних и професионалних односа, стварање различитих друштвених околности. Поред предности које интернет и друштвене мреже пру-жају, забележен је пораст злоупотреба везаних за вирутелни простор. Најчешћи видови злоупотребе су прогањање и узнемиравање коришћењем интернет комуникација, крађа идентитета, интернет преваре, манипулација личним подацима и злоупотреба личних фотографија, над-гледање и „затрпавање” електронске поште (spam), прислушкивање и снимање „причаоница” (chat rooms). Прогањање и узнемиравање путем интернета представља велики, у Србији још увек правно нерегулисан проблем, који релативизира питање близине код кривичних дела прогањања. Циљ рада је да се укаже на врсте и типологију прогонитеља путем интернета, на сличности из-међу начина прогањања путем интернета и физичког прогањања, као и на могућности спречавања овог вида злостављања и нарушавања при-ватности. Само развијањем компатибилних стандарда и правних прописа ова-кве иновације могу да се развијају уз смањење ризика од њихове злоупотребе. Начин на који успемо да обликујемо правне стандарде и за-коне везане за ову врсту криминалитета имаће утицаја на животе милиона људи. Компјутери постају технолошки све моћнији, а човечанство све зависније од њихове примене, што отвара велико поље за њихову злоупотребу и за вршење кривичних дела. Правни стандарди и закони који тек настају морају бити веома флексибилни да би могли да прате свакодневни развој компјутерске технологије и иновација.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈА И НАДЛЕЖНОСТ УСТАВНОГ СУДА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ МАКЕДОНИЈИ – КРИТИЧКИ ОСВРТ
Authors: Крчински Блаже
Published: December 2021

У раду, аутор се осврће на организацију и надлежност Уставног суда Македоније, према важећем уставу из 1992. г. У тексту су детаљ-но разрађена организациона питања која се односе на Уставни суд – поступак избора судија, имунитет који судије уживају, њихов положај и поступак разрешења. Акценат је стављен на нормативна решења и њихове слабости, а све је поткрепљено примерима из праксе. У другом делу рада, анализирана је надлежност Уставног суда, која је судским одлукама систематски разрађена и допуњена. Аутор жели да дâ свеобухватан приказ актуелних нормативих решења, са акцентом на њихове слабости, као и да укаже на компаративна решења у земљама у којима уставно судство успешно функционише. У раду се говори и о јуриспруденцији Уставног суда у вези са међународним уговорима, као и о одлукама Уставног суда по уставним жалбама, као примеру лоше уређене надлежности. На крају, аутор се осврће на изузетно неумесно решење из чл. 113 Устава, у коме се наводи да се начин пословања и поступак уређују актом самог суда. Аутор закључује да су актуелна решења у македонском праву лоше формулисана, нефункционална и нису у складу са актуелним тенденцијама, због чега је потребна њихова промена.
Физичко кажњавање дјетета: од Сумера, Самерхила до данас
Authors: Јовић Слободан
Published: December 2021

Аутор у раду настоји да укаже на континуитет физичког кажњавања дјетета који траје од првих цивилизација па до модерних времена. Од древних цивилизација, од почетака писмености, тјелесне казне су неодвојиви пратилац дјечјег живота. Прво помињање дјетета везано је за његово тјелесно кажњавање. Аутор наводи аргументована противљења значајних педагога оваквом поступању са дјецом. Указује и на културолошке при- лике које у великој мјери одређују благост односно строгост у поступању са дјецом. Истакнуто је да физичко кажњавање дјетета може бити и ритуалне природе, али и да се у српској култури васпитање и кажњавање често поистовјећују.
The Byzantine Hellene
Authors: Поповић Мила
Published: December 2021

У издању Cambridge University Press 2019. године објављена је књига The Byzantine Hellene - The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century, аутора Димитрија Ангелова. Aутор је на Првом међународном онлајн сајму књига у Единбургу истакао да је увијек био фасциниран читањем жанра биографије, да је кроз њу видио могућност да се исприча прича, сагледа исто- ријска позадина, освијетли мисаони свијет личности коју описује и разумије његов ум. Kњига говори о никејском цару Теодору II (1254-1258) и династији Ласкарис која је владала Никејским царством успостављеним у Малој Азији након пада Цариграда у руке крсташа 1204. године.
Add mass spectrometry to the pandemic toolbox
Authors: Van Puyvelde Bart , Dhaenens Maarten
Published: December 2021

A new protocol step improves robustness and ease-of-use for mass spectrometry in the clinic, opening the door to mass deployment to monitor infectious agents.
Detailed analysis of Ethereum network on transaction behavior, community structure and link prediction
Authors: Said Anwar , Janjua Muhammad Umar , Hassan Saeed-Ul , Muzammal Zeeshan , Saleem Tania , Thaipisutikul Tipajin , Tuarob Suppawong , Nawaz Raheel
Published: December 2021

Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency after Bitcoin, has attracted wide attention in the last few years and accumulated significant transaction records. However, the underlying Ethereum network structure is still relatively unexplored. Also, very few attempts have been made to perform link predictability on the Ethereum transactions network. This paper presents a Detailed Analysis of the Ethereum Network on Transaction Behavior, Community Structure, and Link Prediction (DANET) framework to investigate various valuable aspects of the Ethereum network. Specifically, we explore the change in wealth distribution and accumulation on Ethereum Featured Transactional Network (EFTN) and further study its community structure. We further hunt for a suitable link predictability model on EFTN by employing state-of-the-art Variational Graph Auto-Encoders. The link prediction experimental results demonstrate the superiority of outstanding prediction accuracy on Ethereum networks. Moreover, the statistic usages of the Ethereum network are visualized and summarized through the experiments allowing us to formulate conjectures on the current use of this technology and future development.
ПРОБЛЕМА ВЫПУСКА КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ МИКРОСХЕМ ДЛЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Данилин Н.С. , Димитров Д.М. , Булаев И.Ю.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассмотрена проблема производства отечественных микросхем для применения в космической аппаратуре и возможные пути ее решения на основе технологии «система в корпусе».
КОНФОРМНОСТЬ РОСТА ТОНКИХ СЛОЕВ ИЗ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗЫ НА РЕЛЬЕФНЫХ МИКРО- И НАНОСТРУКТУРАХ. Часть 1. Проблематика и методология оценки роста слоев на рельефах, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Васильев В.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Выполнен обзор информационных источников по результатам многолетних исследований проблемы конформности роста тонких слоев неорганических материалов на рельефных полупроводниковых подложках при химическом осаждении из газовой фазы. В первой части рассматриваются общие вопросы, исторический аспект проблемы, методология анализа конформности.
ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО КОНТРОЛЯ ЗАРЯДА ЛИТИЙ-ИОННЫХ АККУМУЛЯТОРОВ И АККУМУЛЯТОРНЫХ БАТАРЕЙ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Белоусов Е.О. , Кочетков Д.В. , Моленкамп К.М. , Эннс А.В. , Эннс В.И.
Published: December 2021

В статье представлено интегральное устройство контроля заряда литий-ионных батарей с цифровым управлением, рассчитанное на работу с широким диапазоном токов заряда и способное заряжать до четырех последовательно включенных аккумуляторных ячеек. Устройство разработано с использованием биполярной-КМОП-ДМОП (Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD)) технологии и способно работать с входным напряжением до 24 В. В состав схемы входят две петли обратной связи для поддержания профиля заряда батареи; устойчивость каждой петли обеспечивается внутренним компенсатором 3-го типа и генератором пилообразного сигнала для широтно-импульсного модулятора с амплитудой, зависящей от входного напряжения. Схема содержит управляющую логику, коммутирующую батарею, входной источник и нагрузочные устройства в зависимости от условий работы. Схема предназначена для работы с дискретными силовыми ключами.
NEOLIBERALISMO AUTORITÁRIO NO BRASIL
Authors: Andrade Daniel Pereira , Côrtes Mariana , Almeida Silvio
Published: December 2021

O artigo define neoliberalismo como a construção política da sociedade de mercado, constituindo o modo de regulação ou o regime de governamentalidade predominante na fase atual do capitalismo. Historicamente, o neoliberalismo sempre esteve associado ao esvaziamento da democracia e a estratégias autoritárias. Após a crise de 2008, o neoliberalismo radicalizou suas medidas ao mesmo tempo em que aprofundou o recurso ao autoritarismo, estabelecendo uma diferença de grau que permite afirmar, seguindo a análise de Nancy Fraser (2017), a passagem de uma fase progressista que mantinha práticas autoritárias para uma fase propriamente autoritária do neoliberalismo. Por fim, o artigo busca compreender tal deslocamento de fase na crise da Nova República, admitindo a singularidade do processo de neoliberalização brasileiro. Esta singularidade se deve ao fato de que o neoliberalismo não substituiu completamente outras racionalidades políticas e projetos de regulação previamente existentes, mas se hibridizou com eles, reconfigurando a nossa constelação histórica específica.
The association between problematic internet use and neck pain among Japanese schoolteachers
Authors: Tanabe Rina , Hisamatsu Takashi , Fukuda Mari , Tsumura Hideki , Tsuchie Rina , Suzuki Masako , Sugaya Nagisa , Nakamura Koshi , Takahashi Kenzo , Kanda Hideyuki
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Problematic internet use (PIU) has been suggested in relation to psychological symptoms among schoolteachers, but the relationship with physical symptoms remains unclear. We examined whether PIU or longer Internet usage time is associated with neck pain in schoolteachers.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2582 teachers aged 20 years or older (35.6% women) in Shimane and Tottori, Japan in 2018. Neck pain was defined as ≥5 points on the Neck Disability Index. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) was used to assess PIU. Internet usage time on weekdays and weekends was divided into five groups: 0, 1–29, 30–59, 60–119, and ≥120 min/day. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of the CIUS score and Internet usage time on weekdays or weekends with neck pain, adjusting for sex, age, position at school, insomnia, and psychological distress.

Results

We observed 800 (31.0%) teachers with neck pain. The median (interquartile range) of their CIUS scores was 7 (2, 14). A higher CIUS score was independently associated with a higher prevalence of neck pain (odds ratio of 4th vs. 1st quartiles, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.87; trend P = .006). Compared with non-Internet users, Internet users on weekdays had almost double the odds of neck pain although the difference did not reach the customary level for designating statistical significance.

Conclusions

In conclusion, teachers with higher scores in CIUS were associated with a higher prevalence of neck pain in Japan, suggesting adults with PIU being at risk of physical disorders.
Medication Interruptions and Subsequent Disease Flares During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Online Study of Patients With Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Dharia Tiffany , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Baker Joshua F. , Banerjee Shubhasree , Curtis David , Danila Maria I. , Gavigan Kelly , Gordon Jennifer , Merkel Peter A. , Shaw Dianne G. , Young Kalen , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Nowell William B. , George Michael D.
Published: December 2021

Objective

We aimed to assess trends in anxiety and interruptions in disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use among patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to evaluate whether DMARD interruptions were associated with disease flares.

Methods

ArthritisPower, the Vasculitis Patient‐Powered Research Network, and other patient organizations invited members to join a 52‐week longitudinal study, with baseline surveys completed March 29 to June 30, 2020, with follow‐up through May 2021. Logistic regression incorporating generalized estimating equations evaluated associations between interruptions in DMARD use and self‐reported disease flares at the next survey, adjusting for demographic characteristics, medications, disease, and calendar time.

Results

Among 2,424 patients completing a median of 5 follow‐up surveys, the mean age was 57 years, 87% were female, and the most common conditions were rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, and psoriatic arthritis. Average Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety T scores decreased from April 2020 (58.7) to May 2021 (53.7) (P < 0.001 for trend). Interruptions in DMARD use decreased from April (11.2%) to December 2020 (7.5%) (P < 0.001) but increased through May 2021 (14.0%) (P < 0.001). Interruptions in DMARD use were associated with a significant increase in severe flares (rated ≥6 of 10) at the next survey (12.9% versus 8.0% [odds ratio (OR) 1.71 (95% confidence interval [95% CI 1.23, 2.36]) although not any flare (OR 1.18 [95% CI 0.89, 1.58])].

Conclusion

Anxiety and interruptions in DMARD use initially decreased over time, but DMARD interruptions increased during 2021, possibly related to an increase in COVID‐19 cases or vaccine availability. Interruptions in DMARD use were associated with increased rates of severe disease flares, highlighting the importance of avoiding unnecessary DMARD interruptions.
OPCs in New York City could serve as tipping point, though questions remain
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2021

After many stalled attempts across the country to introduce the concept of safe injection sites for active drug users, observers see New York City's sudden move to launch the first “overdose prevention centers” (OPCs) as likely to force government entities to take a formal stand on their presence.
On Stiffness, Strength, Anisotropy, and Buckling of 30 Strut‐Based Lattices with Cubic Crystal Structures
Authors: Altamimi Sumaya , Lee Dong-Wook , Barsoum Imad , Rowshan Reza , Jasiuk Iwona M. , Abu Al-Rub Rashid K.
Published: December 2021

Architected cellular structures are increasingly receiving attention in numerous applications due to advances in additive manufacturing and their promising multi‐functional properties. Herein, 30 architected strut‐based lattices of cubic crystal symmetry are developed and their stiffness and strength are investigated computationally and experimentally. Finite element simulations are conducted to compute the effective stiffness, yield strength, and buckling strength under uniaxial, shear, and hydrostatic loadings. Also, elastic anisotropy is assessed and bifurcation analysis is performed to estimate the threshold relative density for each lattice. Selected lattices of various relative densities are 3D printed from a polymeric material using selective laser sintering (SLS). The numerical results show that the modes of deformation whether stretching‐dominated, bending‐dominated, or mixed differ for the various loading conditions. It is observed that by combining different lattice structures in a hybrid approach, a decrease in the anisotropic behavior is obtained, and an overall enhancement of the mechanical properties is achieved. The numerical results show rather good agreement with the experimental findings. The current study can be crucial for using the investigated lattices for enhancing the multi‐functional properties of structural systems.
Optical Printing of Conductive Silver on Ultrasmooth Nanocellulose Paper for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Pan Yueyue , Qin Zhen , Kheiri Sina , Ying Binbin , Pan Peng , Peng Ran , Liu Xinyu
Published: December 2021

The nanofibrillated cellulose paper (nanocellulose paper or nanopaper), which is flexible, transparent, ultrasmooth, and biodegradable, has emerged as a new substrate material for the next generation of paper‐based flexible electronics. Herein a visible light‐induced printing technique for depositing highly conductive silver (Ag) patterns on nanopaper is reported. The optical Ag printing process is simple to implement at room temperature and only requires nontoxic, low‐cost aqueous chemical solutions and an inexpensive light projection setup. The abundant carboxyl groups on the nanopaper enable efficient absorption of Ag+ions on the nanopaper surface for light‐induced reduction of Ag+into a thin film of densely packed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Chemical annealing of the deposited AgNPs further enhances the conductivity of the printed Ag patterns. The mechanical and electrical properties of the printed Ag patterns on nanopaper are characterized, and the application of the optical Ag printing technique fabricating the nanopaper‐based flexible circuits and electrochemical biosensors is also demonstrated. The optical printing technique will enable new designs and applications of nanopaper‐based flexible electronics.
Multi‐Foldable and Environmentally Stable All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor Based on Hierarchical Nano‐Canyon Structured Ionic‐Gel Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Lee Dawoon , Song Yeonhwa , Song Yongjun , Oh Seung Ja , Choi U Hyeok , Kim Jaekyun
Published: December 2021

New ionic‐gel polymer electrolytes (IGPEs) are designed for use as electrolytes for all‐solid‐state supercapacitors (ASSSs) with excellent deformability and stability. The combination of the photochemical reaction‐based polymer matrix, weak‐binding lithium salt with ionic liquid, and ion dissociating solvator is employed to construct the nano‐canyon structured IGPE with high ionic conductivity (σDC = 1.2 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), high dielectric constant (εs = 131), and even high mechanical robustness (bending deformation for 10 000 cycles with superior conductivity retention [≈91%]). This gives rise to ASSS with high compatibility and stability, which is compliant with foldable electronics. Consequently, this ASSS delivers remarkable electrochemical performance (specific capacitance of ≈105 F g−1 at 0.22 A g−1, maximum energy density and power density of 23 and 17.2 kW kg−1), long lifetime (≈93% retention after 30 days), wider operating temperature (≈0–120 °C), and mechanical stabilities with no significant capacitance reduction after mechanical bending and multiple folding, confirming the superior electrochemical durability under serious deformation states. Therefore, this ultra‐flexible and environmentally stable ASSS based on the IGPE having the nano‐canyon morphology can be a novel approach for powering up the ultra‐deformable and durable next‐generation wearable energy storage devices.
Ampoule‐Like Microvolume Containers with Transparent Code for Easy‐to‐Use and Space‐Saving Storage of Small‐Volume Biospecimens
Authors: Kim Hyeli , Choi Yeongjae , Lee Amos C. , Bae Junghyun , Yoon Jinsik , Kim Kibeom , Park Cheolheon , Jeong Hyun Yong , Lee Gi Yoon , Choi Hansol , Kwon Sunghoon , Park Wook
Published: December 2021

The importance of storing, transporting, and managing biospecimens for analysis and research has increased. Biospecimens, such as DNA and cells, have a volume of several micrometers or less for practical storage, management, and usage, and high space efficiency can be achieved if stored in an appropriate indexed container. However, although previous studies have highlighted the importance of small‐volume biospecimens, containers suitable for easily handling microscale samples and space‐saving storage are lacking. Here, easy‐to‐use and space‐saving biospecimen storage with ampoule‐like microvolume containers and transparent codes are introduced. The high‐durability epoxy‐based containers are suitable for storing and using microscale biospecimens, and protecting internal biospecimens from the external environment. To identify the biospecimens, microsized transparent QR codes on microparticles for indexing sample information and storage conditions are fabricated via optofluidic maskless lithography, enabling on‐demand fabrication. Both the microsized QR code and microvolume container are highly transparent, making the observation of even minimal volumes of internal material convenient. Similar to an ampoule, the microvolume container can be broken with a needle or blade to release the biospecimen. The storage efficiency of the container is verified by storing and releasing DNA, antibiotics, and cells. This container will save space for biospecimens in biobank systems.
Recent Advances in the Valorization of Lignin: A Key Focus on Pretreatment, Characterization, and Catalytic Depolymerization Strategies for Future Biorefineries
Authors: Mankar Akshay R. , Modak Arindam , Pant Kamal Kishore
Published: December 2021

Lignin is the largest renewable source of aromatics with an annual production of ≈50 to 70 million tons worldwide. Unfortunately, despite being a rich source of aromatic chemicals, almost 98% to 99% of lignin is burned as a low‐value fuel and only 1% to 2% is utilized as high‐value chemicals. It is noteworthy that lignin is cross‐linked with carbohydrate fractions of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) through a stable lignin‐carbohydrate covalent complex, making it the main hurdle in converting LCB. Moreover, the stability of the inter‐unit linkages (COC, CC) and the strong interactions among the aromatic units, makes the separation into aromatic monomers challenging. Hence, a delignification pathway through a sustainable approach represents a formidable challenge for the development of future biorefineries. A breakthrough in several technological pathways, e.g., LCB fractionation, lignin characterization/depolymerization, and economic analysis are being considered. However, there remains a dearth of in‐depth understanding and a thorough know‐how. This review navigates readers through the latest cutting‐edge innovations in these four interconnected biorefinery aspects, and may inspire others to propagate the growth of biorefineries in the upcoming years. Overall, the objective of this review is to provide insights into lignin valorization technologies which may guide the future research toward sustainable biorefineries.
Investigation into adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics for water vapor on montmorillonite clay
Authors: Du Xidong , Wang Na
Published: December 2021

The isothermal adsorption curves for water vapor on montmorillonite were measured by a gravimetric adsorption system. Dent's model was employed to estimate the adsorption behaviors of water vapor on primary adsorption sites and secondary adsorption sites. The thermodynamics analysis of water vapor adsorption was performed. At low vapor pressure region, primary adsorption predominates, and with increasing vapor pressure, secondary adsorption becomes notable. Primary adsorption sites have an evidently stronger adsorption affinity than secondary adsorption sites. With increasing vapor pressure, Gibbs free energy variation rapidly increases and then reduces slowly. Although increasing vapor pressure raises adsorption spontaneity on primary adsorption sites, the enhancement in vapor pressure decreases the spontaneity of water vapor adsorption on secondary adsorption sites. As adsorbed loading increases, isosteric heat of adsorption and entropy loss decrease first and then increase quickly. The gradually growing water clusters are responsible for the increase of entropy loss at late stage.
Degradable Vinyl Random Copolymers via Photocontrolled Radical Ring‐Opening Cascade Copolymerization**
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Zhou Zefeng , Sathe Devavrat , Tang Xuanting , Moran Stephanie , Jin Jing , Haeffner Fredrik , Wang Junpeng , Niu Jia
Published: December 2021

Degradable vinyl polymers by radical ring‐opening polymerization are promising solutions to the challenges caused by non‐degradable vinyl plastics. However, achieving even distributions of labile functional groups in the backbone of degradable vinyl polymers remains challenging. Herein, we report a photocatalytic approach to degradable vinyl random copolymers via radical ring‐opening cascade copolymerization (rROCCP). The rROCCP of macrocyclic allylic sulfones and acrylates or acrylamides mediated by visible light at ambient temperature achieved near‐unity comonomer reactivity ratios over the entire range of the feed compositions. Experimental and computational evidence revealed an unusual reversible inhibition of chain propagation by in situ generated sulfur dioxide (SO2), which was successfully overcome by reducing the solubility of SO2. This study provides a powerful approach to degradable vinyl random copolymers with comparable material properties to non‐degradable vinyl polymers.
A Dual‐Color Fluorescent Probe Allows Simultaneous Imaging of Main and Papain‐like Proteases of SARS‐CoV‐2‐Infected Cells for Accurate Detection and Rapid Inhibitor Screening
Authors: Cheng Yong , Borum Raina M. , Clark Alex E. , Jin Zhicheng , Moore Colman , Fajtová Pavla , O'Donoghue Anthony J. , Carlin Aaron F. , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: December 2021

The main protease (Mpro) and papain‐like protease (PLpro) play critical roles in SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and are promising targets for antiviral inhibitors. The simultaneous visualization of Mpro and PLpro is extremely valuable for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection and rapid inhibitor screening. However, such a crucial investigation has remained challenging because of the lack of suitable probes. We have now developed a dual‐color probe (3MBP5) for the simultaneous detection of Mpro and PLpro by fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET). This probe produces fluorescence from both the Cy3 and Cy5 fluorophores that are cleaved by Mpro and PLpro. 3MBP5‐activatable specificity was demonstrated with recombinant proteins, inhibitors, plasmid‐transfected HEK 293T cells, and SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected TMPRSS2‐Vero cells. Results from the dual‐color probe first verified the simultaneous detection and intracellular distribution of SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro and PLpro. This is a powerful tool for the simultaneous detection of different proteases with value for the rapid screening of inhibitors.
Surface Gelation on Disulfide Electrocatalysts in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Xi‐Yao , Feng Shuai , Zhao Meng , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Chen Xiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are deemed as future energy storage devices due to ultrahigh theoretical energy density. Cathodic polysulfide electrocatalysts have been widely investigated to promote sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. Probing the surface structure of electrocatalysts is vital to understanding the mechanism of polysulfide electrocatalysis. In this work, we for the first time identify surface gelation on disulfide electrocatalysts. Concretely, the Lewis acid sites on disulfides trigger the ring‐opening polymerization of the dioxolane solvent to generate a surface gel layer, covering disulfides and reducing the electrocatalytic activity. Accordingly, a Lewis base triethylamine (TEA) is introduced as a competitive inhibitor. Consequently, Li–S batteries with disulfide electrocatalysts and TEA afford high specific capacity and improved rate responses. This work affords new insights on the actual surface structure of electrocatalysts in Li–S batteries.
Temperature‐Reliant Dynamic Properties and Elasto‐Plastic to Plastic Crystal (Rotator) Phase Transition in a Metal Oxyacid Salt
Authors: Das Susobhan , Saha Subhankar , Sahu Mrinmay , Mondal Amit , Reddy C. Malla
Published: December 2021

Although, dynamic crystals are attractive for use in many technologies, molecular level mechanisms of various solid‐state dynamic processes and their interdependence, remain poorly understood. Here, we report a rare example of a dynamic crystal (1), involving a heavy transition metal, rhenium, with an initial two‐face elasticity (within ≈1 % strain), followed by elasto‐plastic deformation, at room temperature. Further, these crystals transform to a rotator (plastic) crystal phase at ≈105 °C, displaying exceptional malleability. Qualitative and quantitative mechanical tests, X‐ray diffraction, μ‐Raman and polarized light microscopy experiments reveal that the elasto‐plastic deformation involves both partial molecular rotations and slip, while malleability in the rotator phase is facilitated by reorientational motions and increased symmetry (slip planes). Our work, connecting the plastically bendable (1D or 2D) crystals with the rotator phases (3D), is important for designing multi‐functional dynamic crystals.
Low‐Symmetry MOF‐Based Patchy Colloids and Their Precise Linking via Site‐Selective Liquid Bridging to Form Supra‐Colloidal and Supra‐Framework Architectures
Authors: Lyu Dengping , Xu Wei , Wang Yufeng
Published: December 2021

Colloids with surface patches (or patchy particles) can bind and assemble with directionality. However, the bonding between the usually high‐symmetry, dome‐shaped patches is not precise, as it cannot lock the exact position and orientation of the relevant particles. This issue prevents the assembly of well‐defined colloidal superstructures by design. Herein, we introduce low‐symmetry, metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based patchy colloids, which feature a polyhedral matrix and flat hexagonal patches, along with anisotropic surfaces and compositions. Guided by the encoded shape/chemical information and mediated by a site‐selective liquid‐bridging interaction, the distinct patchy particles self‐assemble into supra‐colloidal (or supra‐framework) structures with unprecedented precision. In this case, the valence, position, and orientation of the particles within assemblies are fully coordinated and precisely aligned. The dynamic nature of the liquid bridges also allows us to investigate the unique assembly kinetics. Our strategy not only defines new modes of colloidal bonding, but also provides a powerful means toward creating hierarchical and multi‐component MOF materials.
Environmental DNA evidence of the Critically Endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, in historically occupied US waters
Authors: Lehman Ryan N. , Poulakis Gregg R. , Scharer Rachel M. , Hendon Jill M. , Court Alia G. , Wooley Andrew K. , Williams Ariel M. , Ajemian Matthew J. , Hadden John P. , Beal Jeff L. , McCallister Michael P. , Phillips Nicole M.
Published: December 2021

Formerly common in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Critically Endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, underwent severe declines over the past century, restricting population(s) to south and south‐west Florida in the US, and Bahamian waters.

Anecdotal evidence (e.g. encounter reports from the public) suggests that P. pectinata have recently been observed in historically occupied US waters; however, no directed surveys have been conducted to verify their extent of occupancy.

Here, environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys were used to investigate the occurrence of P. pectinata in three formerly occupied estuaries in US waters. Water samples were collected in the summer from the Indian River Lagoon and Tampa Bay, Florida, in 2018 and 2019, and from Mississippi Sound, Mississippi, in 2018, and screened for target DNA using a highly sensitive Droplet Digital™ polymerase chain reaction assay.

Target DNA was detected at four sites in the Indian River Lagoon in 2018 and at one site in 2019 (average concentration: 0.086 copies μl−1; SE = 0.004), but was not detected in either year in Tampa Bay. Target DNA was also detected at three sites near Deer Island in Mississippi Sound in 2018 (average concentration: 0.090 copies μl−1; SE = 0.005). These surveys provide additional lines of evidence that P. pectinata is re‐occurring within two historically occupied estuaries in US waters.

More comprehensive eDNA surveys in historically occupied regions, combined with clearly defined post‐survey management actions, can direct additional research and outreach initiatives in emerging priority areas, fostering recovery of this Critically Endangered species.
One year of anatomy teaching and learning in the outbreak: Has the Covid‐19 pandemic marked the end of a century‐old practice? A systematic review
Authors: Papa Veronica , Varotto Elena , Galli Massimo , Vaccarezza Mauro , Galassi Francesco M.
Published: December 2021

At the end of 2019, the Covid‐19 pandemic spread caused restrictions in business and social spheres. Higher education was also severely affected: universities and medical schools moved online to distance learning and laboratory facilities closed. Questions arise about the long‐term effects of this pandemic on anatomical education. In this systematic review, the authors investigated whether or not anatomical educators were able to deliver anatomical knowledge during this pandemic. They also discuss the challenges that anatomical education has faced over the last year. The search strategy was conducted between July 2020 and July 2021. Two hundred and one records were identified, and a total of 79 studies were finally included. How best to deliver anatomy to students remains a moot point. In the last years, the advent of new technologies has raised the question of the possible overcoming of dissection as the main instrument in anatomical education. The Covid‐19 pandemic further sharpened the debate. Remote learning enhanced the use of technologies other than cadaveric dissection to teach anatomy. Moreover, from the analyzed records it appears that both from students' perspective as well as teachers' there is a clear tear between those who endorse dissection and those who believe it could be easily overcome or at least integrated by virtual reality and online learning. The authors strongly believe that the best anatomy teaching practice requires the careful adaptation of resources and methods. Nevertheless, they support cadaveric dissection and hope that it will not be replaced entirely as a result of this pandemic.
Stark broadening effect in hot DA white dwarfs: Ultraviolet lines of Fe V
Authors: Hamdi Rafik , Ben Nessib Nabil , Sahal‐Bréchot Sylvie , Dimitrijević Milan S.
Published: December 2021

Stark widths and shifts have been calculated for 17 ultraviolet lines of Fe V of astrophysical interest. The calculations have been made using semiclassical perturbation approach. The work is motivated by the importance of ultraviolet lines for the study of hot white dwarf atmospheres specially for investigations of the variation of fine structure constant in strong gravitational field. Our Stark broadening parameters are presented for a range of temperature from 50,000 to 600,000 K. Our results are used to investigate the importance of electron impact broadening in plasma conditions of hot DA white dwarfs. Electron impact Stark width is compared to Doppler width as a function of atmospheric layer temperature and as a function of logarithm of Rosseland optical depth.
Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils
Authors: Zaman Fakhar , Ishaq Muhammad Waqas , Ul‐Haq Noaman , Rahman Wajeeh Ur , Ali M. Muzaffar , Ahmed Faisal , Haq Anwar ul
Published: December 2021

Compared to fossil fuels, renewable fuels (biodiesel) are promising alternatives with similar properties which could reduce the emission of toxic gases and carbon foot print. Biodiesel is mostly used in some developing countries especially in the transportation sector and can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, non‐edible oil, and waste cooking oil by different methods. Animal fat and used cooking oil is not feasible for biodiesel production because of numerous problems during production. Catalysts can be selected or synthesized according to the nature of the feedstock. The selection of highly efficient catalysts is necessary to obtain a high yield of biodiesel and their recyclability is also highly important. Different factors affect the transesterification process and analysis of the final biodiesel product is important and necessary to fulfill the requirements of the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. In this regard, production of biodiesel from different sustainable and renewable resources could be recommended at industrial level. Further research is required to improve the efficiency.