bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mode Conversion Behavior of Guided Wave in a Pipe Inspection System Based on a Long Waveguide
Authors: Sun Feiran , Sun Zhenguo , Chen Qiang , Murayama Riichi , Nishino Hideo
Published: October 2016

To make clear the mode conversion behavior of S0-mode lamb wave and SH0-plate wave converting to the longitudinal mode guided wave and torsional mode guided wave in a pipe, respectively, the experiments were performed based on a previous built pipe inspection system. The pipe was wound with an L-shaped plate or a T-shaped plate as the waveguide, and the S0-wave and SH0-wave were excited separately in the waveguide. To carry out the objective, a meander-line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) for S0-wave and a periodic permanent magnet (PPM) EMAT for SH0-wave were developed and optimized. Then, several comparison experiments were conducted to compare the efficiency of mode conversion. Experimental results showed that the T(0,1) mode, L(0,1) mode, and L(0,2) mode guided waves can be successfully detected when converted from the S0-wave or SH0-wave with different shaped waveguides. It can also be inferred that the S0-wave has a better ability to convert to the T(0,1) mode, while the SH0-wave is easier to convert to the L(0,1) mode and L(0,2) mode, and the L-shaped waveguide has a better efficiency than T-shaped waveguide.
Improving Residential Satisfaction of University Dormitories through Post-Occupancy Evaluation in China: A Socio-Technical System Approach
Authors: Ning Yan , Chen Jiaojiao
Published: October 2016

Residential satisfaction of university dormitories serves as one of the significant aspects in the framework of sustainability in higher education. This study aims to develop a framework for post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of university dormitories in China grounded on the socio-technical systems approach and to identify factors contributing to students’ residential satisfaction. Two focus groups were carried out to build the socio-technical framework. A case study was undertaken to evaluate the post-occupancy status of university dormitories, and structured-questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results show that university dormitories are equipped with quality physical facilities. However, they failed to provide satisfied services and supporting infrastructure. This indicates that “hardware” could generally meet students’ requirements, while the “software” is still less competent. It is also found that the socio-technical systems approach has the feature of being embedded into the social, regulatory and geographic contexts. In order to enhance post-occupancy satisfaction, occupants’ participation would be helpful. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a socio-technical framework of POE and its embeddedness feature. Implications for research and practices are also provided.
A Modeling Approach for Farmland Protection Zoning Considering Spatial Heterogeneity: A Case Study of E-Zhou City, China
Authors: He Jianhua , Guan Xiaodong , Yu Yan
Published: October 2016

Farmland protection in China is facing multiple pressures, including urbanization, population growth and ecological degradation. Primary farmland zoning was introduced as a basic state policy to ensure national food security. Previous studies about “primary farmland zoning” have always taken the factors as global linear variables, neglecting the spatial heterogeneity of the study areas. Based on the Development Priority Zoning (DPZ) strategy, we present a zoning approach using Bayesian networks (BNs) for considering regional differences. The networks were developed using quantitative biophysical and economic variables from multi-scale and historical change data of farmland. The simulated results substantiate that this method can ensure the agricultural quality, stability and connectivity of primary farmland. Furthermore, it can further optimize the spatial allocation of primary farmland to meet the development conditions and trends of different sub-regions, promoting the balance between the farmland protection, urban development and ecological protection of certain regions.
Hepatitis B Virus Protein X Induces Degradation of Talin-1
Authors: Van de Klundert Maarten , Van den Biggelaar Maartje , Kootstra Neeltje , Zaaijer Hans
Published: October 2016

In the infected human hepatocyte, expression of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) accessory protein X (HBx) is essential to maintain viral replication in vivo. HBx critically interacts with the host damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and the associated ubiquitin ligase machinery, suggesting that HBx functions by inducing the degradation of host proteins. To identify such host proteins, we systematically analyzed the HBx interactome. One HBx interacting protein, talin-1 (TLN1), was proteasomally degraded upon HBx expression. Further analysis showed that TLN1 levels indeed modulate HBV transcriptional activity in an HBx-dependent manner. This indicates that HBx-mediated TLN1 degradation is essential and sufficient to stimulate HBV replication. Our data show that TLN1 can act as a viral restriction factor that suppresses HBV replication, and suggest that the HBx relieves this restriction by inducing TLN1 degradation.
Tanquam monetam patrie propriam (Clermont, 1282). Une approche des identités monétaires médiévales ?
Authors: Bompaire Marc
Published: October 2016

La détention de monnaie peut apparaître comme un facteur de différenciation sociale et la frappe de monnaie comme une affirmation de souveraineté politique au Moyen Âge – comme à d’autres époques. En revanche, l’identification des utilisateurs à leur pays ou à la foi chrétienne ne paraît guère s’être faite par l’intermédiaire de la monnaie. Celle-ci semble susciter davantage l’attachement à l’échelle de la petite patrie dans un cadre coutumier mais sans véritable

passion.
Par-delà la monnaie. Accumulations et circulations cérémonielles de richesses à Wallis (Polynésie occidentale)
Authors: Chave-Dartoen Sophie
Published: October 2016

Cette communication présente une forme particulière d’accumulation et de présentation cérémonielle de vivres en Polynésie occidentale (Wallis). Questionnant l’universalité de la thésaurisation, elle souligne, par contraste, la connexion particulière de la valeur, telle qu’elle est pensée en Occident, et du fait monétaire.
La Phase Postarchaïque du monnayage de Massalia
Authors: Chevillon Jean-Albert
Published: October 2016

Just before the deposit of the Auriol hoard ca 475 BC, the Massalia mint chose a new standard and a number of series differing from the archaic coinages. This so-called postarchaic period continues the issues with multiple patterns but various evolutions are perceivable and foretell the shift in 465/ 460 BC to the systematic double type coinages characteristic of the preclassic period. Based on recent discoveries, this work presents all of the groups of postarchaic obols and hemiobols known at present.
Une trouvaille d’argentei de la première Tétrarchie provenant du Proche-Orient
Authors: Gautier Georges
Published: October 2016

For the first time a hoard of tetrarchic argentei from the Near East is here studied as a whole. Consisting of 230 official coins and a contemporary imitation, the hoard is mostly made up of argentei struck at Nicomedia and Antioch, including several unpublished specimens. On this basis, the author attempts to reconstruct the sequence of the silver coinage of these two mints, in particular that of Nicomedia. The hoard covers approximately a five-year period, from 294 until 298 A. D. It obviously contains portions of donativa, possibly received by a member of Galerius’s army after the successful campaign against the Sassanians. The hoard also contains

the first imitation of a tetrarchic silver coin produced in the eastern part of the Empire.
Auge y caída de la acuñación a volante. Jean-Pierre Droz y Philippe Gengembre
Authors: Torres Julio
Published: October 2016

Cet article a pour objet de retracer l’histoire de la modernisation de la fabrication des monnaies en Espagne à travers les voyages d’apprentissage et les transferts ou importations de technologie. L’article revient sur les données biographiques connues du Suisse Jean-Pierre Droz et du Français Philippe Gengembre. Entre les dernières années du XVIIIe siècle et les premières années du XIXe, ces deux personnages ont donné une impulsion décisive aux balanciers monétaires. Quelque temps après sont nées les presses industrielles modernes qui ont relégué les balanciers à un rôle secondaire.
Understanding the coevolutionary dynamics of mutualism with population genomics
Authors: Yoder Jeremy B.
Published: October 2016

Decades of research on the evolution of mutualism has generated a wealth of possible ways whereby mutually beneficial interactions between species persist in spite of the apparent advantages to individuals that accept the benefits of mutualism without reciprocating — but identifying how any particular empirical system is stabilized against cheating remains challenging. Different hypothesized models of mutualism stability predict different forms of coevolutionary selection, and emerging high‐throughput sequencing methods allow examination of the selective histories of mutualism genes and, thereby, the form of selection acting on those genes. Here, I review the evolutionary theory of mutualism stability and identify how differing models make contrasting predictions for the population genomic diversity and geographic differentiation of mutualism‐related genes. As an example of the possibilities offered by genomic data, I analyze genes with roles in the symbiosis of Medicago truncatula and nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial bacteria, the first classic mutualism in which extensive genomic resources have been developed for both partners. Medicago truncatula symbiosis genes, as a group, differ from the rest of the genome, but they vary in the form of selection indicated by their diversity and differentiation — some show signs of selection expected from roles in sanctioning noncooperative symbionts, while others show evidence of balancing selection expected from coevolution with symbiont signaling factors. I then assess the current state of development for similar resources in other mutualistic interactions and look ahead to identify ways in which modern sequencing technology can best inform our understanding of mutualists and mutualism.
Effects of plant intraspecific diversity across three trophic levels: Underlying mechanisms and plant traits
Authors: Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Hernández‐Cumplido Johnattan , Chel‐Guerrero Luis , Betancur‐Ancona David , Benrey Betty , Moreira Xoaquín
Published: October 2016

PREMISE OF STUDY:

Although there is increasing recognition of the effects of plant intraspecific diversity on consumers, the mechanisms by which such effects cascade‐up to higher trophic levels remain elusive.

METHODS:

We evaluated the effects of plant (lima bean,Phaseolus lunatus) intraspecific diversity on a suite of insect herbivores (leaf‐chewers, aphids, and seed‐eating beetles) and their third trophic‐level associates (parasitoids and aphid‐tending ants). We established plots of three plants, classified as monocultures of one population source or polycultures with mixtures of three of the four population sources (N = 16 plots per level of diversity). Within each plot, plants were individually placed in pots and canopy contact was prevented, therefore eliminating diversity effects on consumers arising from changes in plant traits due to plant physical interactions.

KEY RESULTS:

Plant diversity reduced damage by leaf‐chewers as well as aphid abundance, and the latter effect in turn reduced ant abundance. In contrast, plant diversity increased the abundance of seed‐eating beetles, but did not influence their associated parasitoids. There were no effects of diversity on seed traits potentially associated with seed predation, suggesting that differences in early season herbivory between monocultures and polycultures (a likely mechanism of diversity effects on plants since plant interactions were prevented) did not drive concomitant changes in plant traits.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study emphasizes that effects of plant intraspecific diversity on consumers are contingent upon differences in associate responses within and among higher trophic levels and suggests possible mechanisms by which such effects propagate up this food web.
ON THE INFERENCE OF THE COSMIC-RAY IONIZATION RATE ζ FROM THE HCO+-to-DCO+ ABUNDANCE RATIO: THE EFFECT OF NUCLEAR SPIN
Authors: Shingledecker Christopher N. , Bergner Jennifer B. , Le Gal Romane , Öberg Karin I. , Hincelin Ugo , Herbst Eric
Published: October 2016

The chemistry of dense interstellar regions was analyzed using a time-dependent gas–grain astrochemical simulation and a new chemical network that incorporates deuterated chemistry, taking into account nuclear spin states for the hydrogen chemistry and its deuterated isotopologues. With this new network, the utility of the [HCO+]/[DCO+] abundance ratio as a probe of the cosmic-ray ionization rate has been re-examined, with special attention paid to the effect of the initial value of the ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) of molecular hydrogen. After discussing the use of the probe for cold cores, we compare our results with previous theoretical and observational results for a molecular cloud close to the supernova remnant W51C, which is thought to have an enhanced cosmic-ray ionization rate ζ caused by the nearby γ-ray source. In addition, we attempt to use our approach to estimate the cosmic-ray ionization rate for L1174, a dense core with an embedded star. Beyond the previously known sensitivity of [HCO+]/[DCO+] to ζ, we demonstrate its additional dependence on the initial OPR and, secondarily, on the age of the source, its temperature, and its density. We conclude that the usefulness of the [HCO+]/[DCO+] abundance ratio in constraining the cosmic-ray ionization rate in dense regions increases with the age of the source and the ionization rate as the ratio becomes far less sensitive to the initial value of the OPR.
SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODELING OF THE PHOTOSPHERE, CHROMOPSHERE, TRANSITION REGION, AND CORONA OF THE M-DWARF HOST STAR GJ 832*
Authors: Fontenla J. M. , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Garrison Jesse , France Kevin , Buccino A. , Mauas Pablo , Vieytes Mariela , Walkowicz Lucianne M.
Published: October 2016

Stellar radiation from X-rays to the visible provides the energy that controls the photochemistry and mass loss from exoplanet atmospheres. The important extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region (10–91.2 nm) is inaccessible and should be computed from a reliable stellar model. It is essential to understand the formation regions and physical processes responsible for the various stellar emission features to predict how the spectral energy distribution varies with age and activity levels. We compute a state-of-the-art semi-empirical atmospheric model and the emergent high-resolution synthetic spectrum of the moderately active M2 V star GJ 832 as the first of a series of models for stars with different activity levels. We construct a one-dimensional simple model for the physical structure of the star’s chromosphere, chromosphere-corona transition region, and corona using non-LTE radiative transfer techniques and many molecular lines. The synthesized spectrum for this model fits the continuum and lines across the UV-to-optical spectrum. Particular emphasis is given to the emission lines at wavelengths that are shorter than 300 nm observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, which have important effects on the photochemistry of the exoplanet atmospheres. The FUV line ratios indicate that the transition region of GJ 832 is more biased to hotter material than that of the quiet Sun. The excellent agreement of our computed EUV luminosity with that obtained by two other techniques indicates that our model predicts reliable EUV emission from GJ 832. We find that the unobserved EUV flux of GJ 832, which heats the outer atmospheres of exoplanets and drives their mass loss, is comparable to the active Sun.
CONSTRAINING THE PROPERTIES OF DARK MATTER WITH OBSERVATIONS OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
Authors: Thomas Daniel B. , Kopp Michael , Skordis Constantinos
Published: October 2016

We examine how the properties of dark matter, parameterized by an equation-of-state parameter w and two perturbative generalized dark matter (GDM) parameters, c
2

s
(the sound speed) and

(the viscosity), are constrained by existing cosmological data, particularly the Planck 2015 data release. We find that the GDM parameters are consistent with zero, and are strongly constrained, showing no evidence for extending the model of dark matter beyond the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. The equation of state of dark matter is constrained to be within

at the 99.7% confidence level (CL), which is several times stronger than constraints found previously using WMAP data. The parameters c
2

s
and

are constrained to be less than

and 6.06 × 10−6 respectively at the 99.7% CL. The inclusion of the GDM parameters does significantly affect the error bars on several ΛCDM parameters, notably the dimensionless dark matter density ω

g
and the derived parameters σ
8 and H
0. This can be partially alleviated with the inclusion of data constraining the expansion history of the universe.
DETAILED ANALYSIS OF NEAR-IR WATER (H2O) EMISSION IN COMET C/2014 Q2 (LOVEJOY) WITH THE GIANO/TNG SPECTROGRAPH
Authors: Faggi S. , Villanueva G. L. , Mumma M. J. , Brucato J. R. , Tozzi G. P. , Oliva E. , Massi F. , Sanna N. , Tozzi A.
Published: October 2016

We observed the Oort cloud comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) on 2015 January 31 and February 1 and 2 at a heliocentric distance of 1.3 au and geocentric distance of 0.8 au during its approach to the Sun. Comet Lovejoy was observed with GIANO, the near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph mounted at the Nasmyth-A focus of the TNG (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) telescope in La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. We detected strong emissions of radical CN and water, along with many emission features of unidentified origin, across the 1–2.5 μm region. Spectral lines from eight ro-vibrational bands of H2O were detected, six of them for the first time. We quantified the water production rate [Q(H2O), (3.11 ± 0.14) × 1029 s−1] by comparing the calibrated line fluxes with the Goddard full non-resonance cascade fluorescence model for H2O. The production rates of ortho-water [Q(H2O)ORTHO, (2.33 ± 0.11) × 1029 s−1] and para-water [Q(H2O)PARA, (0.87 ± 0.21) × 1029 s−1] provide a measure of the ortho-to-para ratio (2.70 ± 0.76)). The confidence limits are not small enough to provide a critical test of the nuclear spin temperature.
CARBON-TO-OXYGEN RATIOS IN M DWARFS AND SOLAR-TYPE STARS
Authors: Nakajima Tadashi , Sorahana Satoko
Published: October 2016

It has been suggested that high C/O ratios (>0.8) in circumstellar disks lead to the formation of carbon-dominated planets. Based on the expectation that elemental abundances in the stellar photospheres give the initial abundances in the circumstellar disks, the frequency distributions of C/O ratios of solar-type stars have been obtained by several groups. The results of these investigations are mixed. Some find C/O > 0.8 in more than 20% of stars, and C/O > 1.0 in more than 6%. Others find C/O  > 0.8 in none of the sample stars. These works on solar-type stars are all differential abundance analyses with respect to the Sun and depend on the adopted C/O ratio in the Sun. Recently, a method of molecular line spectroscopy of M dwarfs, in which carbon and oxygen abundances are derived respectively from CO and H2O lines in the K band, has been developed. The resolution of the K-band spectrum is 20,000. Carbon and oxygen abundances of 46 M dwarfs have been obtained by this nondifferential abundance analysis. Carbon-to-oxygen ratios in M dwarfs derived by this method are more robust than those in solar-type stars derived from neutral carbon and oxygen lines in the visible spectra because of the difficulty in the treatment of oxygen lines. We have compared the frequency distribution of C/O distributions in M dwarfs with those of solar-type stars and have found that the low frequency of high-C/O ratios is preferred.
FERMI-LAT OBSERVATIONS OF THE 2014 MAY–JULY OUTBURST FROM 3C 454.3
Authors: Britto Richard J. , Bottacini Eugenio , Lott Benoît , Razzaque Soebur , Buson Sara
Published: October 2016

A prominent outburst of the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 was observed in 2014 June with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This outburst was characterized by a three-stage light-curve pattern—plateau, flare, and post-flare—that occurred from 2014 May to July, in a similar pattern as observed during the exceptional outburst in 2010 November. The highest flux of the outburst reported in this paper occurred during 2014 June 7–29, showing a multiple-peak structure in the light-curves. The average flux in these 22 days was found to be

ph cm−2 s−1, with a spectral index, for a simple power law, of

. That made this outburst the first γ-ray high state of 3C 454.3 ever to be detected by Fermi with such a hard spectrum over several days. The highest flux was recorded on 2014 June 15, in a 3 hr bin, at MJD 56823.5625, at a level of

ph cm−2 s−1. The rise time of one of the short subflares was found to be

 s at MJD = 56827, when the flux increased from 4 to 12 × 10−6 ph cm−2 s−1. Several photons above 20 GeV were collected during this outburst, including one at 45 GeV on MJD 56827, constraining the γ-ray emission region to be located close to the outer boundary of the broad-line region, leading to fast flux variability.
De la difficulté à « faire parti » dans la Tunisie post-Ben Ali
Authors: Geisser Vincent , Perez Déborah
Published: October 2016

Aux lendemains de la fuite de Ben Ali, la renaissance du pluripartisme en Tunisie s’inscrit dans une double logique. D’une part, elle consacre le retour sur le devant de la scène politique tunisienne de forces politiques anciennes, issues pour la plupart de la « résistance » au régime autoritaire (islamistes, gauchistes, forces libérales et socio-démocrates) qui profitent du nouveau contexte de libéralisation pour s’organiser matériellement, remobiliser leurs militants et partir à la conquête de leurs électorats. D’autre part, elle se traduit par l’émergence de nouveaux modes d’expression politique qui, tantôt empruntent la forme partisane ordinaire, tantôt cherchent à s’en éloigner pour mieux signifier leur désir de rupture avec l’ancien régime, le stigmate partisan étant lié notamment au traumatisme du parti unique. Dans cet article, il ne s’agit pas de nier la centralité du rôle des partis dans la période post-dictature mais de déplacer le regard au-delà de l’espace partisan, afin de dévoiler les enjeux latents qui sont cristallisés par les conflits politiques et les rapports de force.
Syrie : Une vie politique à inventer sous les bombes
Authors: Kawakibi Salam
Published: October 2016

Salam Kawakibi revient sur l’alternance de séquences brèves de pluralisme politique et de diverses formes de domination autoritaire qui ont marqué la constitution de la vie politique syrienne, avant de décrire la paralysie politique sous l’effet du régime « sécuritocratique » d’Hafez al-Assad. De là, il dresse le constat amer des obstacles qui se sont dressés devant la génération révolutionnaire pour faire émerger sa direction politique et les conséquences de la militarisation du conflit sur le type de forces politiques et sur la société civile naissante.
« Un parti, ça participe ! » Retour sur le repositionnement du Front des forces socialistes algérien (2011-2012)
Authors: Baamara Layla
Published: October 2016

À travers le cas du Front des forces socialistes algérien, cet article s’interroge sur les processus de recomposition qui peuvent affecter un parti d’opposition en situation de contrainte. Fin 2011, la question de la participation aux élections législatives – boycottées depuis deux scrutins – est réinscrite à l’ordre du jour après un renouvellement de l’équipe dirigeante. Il ne s’agit pas de considérer que, jusque 2011, le FFS n’a pas connu de recomposition, mais d’analyser comment se redéfinit concrètement, entre 2011 et 2012, sa polarisation autour des espaces, des règles et des enjeux de la politique institutionnelle. Plutôt que de chercher à déterminer si le parti participe ou non à la reproduction du pouvoir autoritaire, nous proposons d’éclairer ce qui se joue en interne et de souligner que ce repositionnement est l’enjeu et le produit de luttes qui donnent lieu à des adaptations et des contestations.
La « maison de rêve » : topique projective du corps familial
Authors: Cuynet Patrice , Schwailbold Marie-Anne , Sanahuja Maria de la Almudena , Bernard Alexandra , Derbal Fatma , Ruet Anouck
Published: October 2016

L’épreuve projective intitulée « spatiographie projective familiale » a pour objectif de comprendre l’image inconsciente du corps familial à travers l’analyse du dessin groupal de la « maison de rêve ». Par cette méthodologie, les auteurs peuvent établir un diagnostic de la structure des liens inconscients de la famille et en faire un objet médiateur pour la prise en charge psychothérapique et une épreuve projective groupale familiale pour le diagnostic. Le dessin de la « maison de rêve » est un outil original qui investigue les dimensions diachronique et synchronique permettant une approche complète de la structuration de l’image du corps familial.
Considérant ce qui s’affirme
Authors: Thiéry Sébastien
Published: October 2016

Dans cet entretien avec Luc Gwadzinzky, Sébastien Thiery, coordonnateur du PEROU, affirme chercher au contact des migrants et des exclus les formes émergentes de la ville de demain, celle qui fera place à tous ceux qu’exclut la métropolisation. Il s’agit de déplacer le regard, d’englober migrants et habitants dans une même question. La démarche se déplace de site en site, en faisant jurisprudence à partir de chaque cas, en produisant fictions et créations avec migrants, habitants et artistes, en reconnaissant les pratiques d’hospitalité et l’immensité des ressources potentielles qu’elles mobilisent. Un programme de recherche et de formation, l’École des situations , est en préparation.
Le développement régional détruit les territoires des peuples autochtones
Authors: Baines Stephen Grant , Caubet Christian G.
Published: October 2016

Depuis les années 2000, la politique d’agriculture exportatrice remet en cause les droits reconnus aux autochtones par la Constitution brésilienne de 1988. De plus, le statut de l’Indien n’a pas changé depuis 1973, car les projets n’ont pas encore abouti. Pourtant les organisations autochtones se sont multipliées et maintiennent un niveau élevé de conflits. La démarcation des terres indigènes qu’elles continuent de revendiquer, conformément au statut de 1973, est remise en cause par les lenteurs de l’administration. Les ruralistes et les entrepreneurs tentent de criminaliser les autochtones qui cherchent à faire valoir leurs droits, et ceux qui les soutiennent.
La démocratisation de la procédure de règlement des différends de l’OMC : une vraie ouverture pour les acteurs privés ?
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Ha
Published: October 2016

La démocratisation de la procédure de règlement des différends de l’OMC marque d’ores et déjà une transformation importante de ce système. L’acceptation des mémoires d’ amicus curiae et l’ouverture des audiences au public par des groupes spéciaux et par l’Organe d’appel en constituent deux figures importantes. Toutefois, force est de constater que cette transformation n’est qu’à mi-chemin. Les limites pratiques et juridiques empêchent encore l’aboutissement à une codification officielle de telle ou telle ouverture en faveur de l’accès des acteurs privés au système. Cela permet aux critiques du déficit démocratique, auxquelles ce système a dû faire face depuis sa naissance, de gagner encore du terrain.
Choroidal Changes in Anisometropic and Strabismic Children With Unilateral Amblyopia
Authors: Al-Haddad Christiane , Fattah Maamoun Abdul , Ismail Karine , Bashshur Ziad
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To detect changes in the choroidal layer at the macular area in amblyopic eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study of 50 amblyopic patients (20 strabismic and 30 anisometropic) and 50 controls was done. Cross-sectional images using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography (OCT) were taken. Thicknesses were measured subfoveally and at 1,500 µm nasally, temporally, inferiorly, and superiorly. Submacular corresponding choroidal areas were also computed. Parameters were compared between amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, and controls.

RESULTS:

Significantly thicker choroid was detected in the subfoveal, temporal, and nasal locations (P = .007, .009, and .01, respectively) in amblyopic compared to fellow eyes; areas were also significantly greater temporally, nasally, and inferiorly. Significant differences in all choroidal measurements were found between amblyopic eyes and controls; these persisted only in the anisometropic subgroup.

CONCLUSION:

Using enhanced depth OCT, the choroid of amblyopic eyes was observed to be thicker compared to normal fellow eyes and controls.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:900–907.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Features in Diabetic Macular Edema and the Impact on Anti-VEGF Response
Authors: Itoh Yuji , Petkovsek Daniel , Kaiser Peter K. , Singh Rishi P. , Ehlers Justis P.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To assess the relationship between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features and functional outcomes for diabetic macular edema (DME) undergoing treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Institutional review board-approved, retrospective, consecutive case series of eyes receiving intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) for DME. SD-OCT features were evaluated and correlated with functional response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

RESULTS:

One hundred fifty-nine eyes of 159 subjects were included in this study. Mean visual acuity improved from 20/76 to 20/58. The proportion of eyes with 20/40 or greater visual acuity increased with treatment (35% at initial visit, 51% at final visit). SD-OCT factors that were associated with functional outcomes to anti-VEGF therapy include ellipsoid zone integrity and severity of intraretinal fluid.

CONCLUSION:

SD-OCT features appear to provide important markers for functional response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:908–913.]
Value of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Cakir Bertan , Evers Charlotte , Ludwig Franziska , Lange Clemens A.K. , Agostini Hansjürgen T.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides new insights into the retinal vasculature. The aim of this study was to explore the value of OCTA in imaging retinal hemangioblastomas and monitoring laser treatment in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Ten eyes of 10 patients with VHL disease were included in this retrospective case series. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological work-up including OCTA for retinal and optic nerve head hemangioblastoma.

RESULTS:

Two patients showed retinal scars and no recurrence of hemangioblastoma in OCTA. Three patients revealed recurrent hemangioblastomas. Two patients demonstrated a new hemangioblastoma. Three patients showed hemangioblastomas of the optic nerve head. Successful laser photocoagulation could be monitored with OCTA.

CONCLUSIONS:

Screening for retinal hemangioblastomas with OCTA alone is not possible. OCTA may help to distinguish hemangioblastomas and other lesions in VHL disease, especially after treatment and allows the differentiation from harmless non-vascular lesions in questionable cases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:935–946.]
Analysis of Scleral Feeder Vessel in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Louzada Ricardo Noguera , Ferrara Daniela , Novais Eduardo Amorim , Moult Eric , Cole Emily , Lane Mark , Fujimoto James , Duker Jay S. , Baumal Caroline R.
Published: October 2016

To describe the appearance of a scleral-derived feeder vessel in a highly myopic eye with secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) as visualized on both en face high-speed swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) prototype, and a commercially available spectral-domain (SD) OCTA, with the corresponding en face and cross-sectional structural OCT images. In this case report, a 60-year-old white male presented with high myopia and secondary CNV in the right eye, previously treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, and was imaged on both SD-OCT and SS-OCT. The neovascular complex could be visualized on both devices. Structural en face SS-OCT images demonstrated a large choroidal-scleral feeder vessel that was not visualized with SD-OCT. The authors concluded that structural en face SS-OCT better visualizes scleral feeder vessel compared to SD-OCT due to the longer wavelength (∼1,050 nm) with increased choroidal penetration and decreased sensitivity roll-off in the SS-OCT system.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:960–964.]
Portable Optical Coherence Tomography Detection or Confirmation of Ophthalmoscopically Invisible or Indeterminate Active Retinoblastoma
Authors: Seider Michael I. , Grewal Dilraj S. , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi
Published: October 2016

Portable, hand-held optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed three clinically relevant yet not ophthalmoscopically detected or confirmed manifestations of retinoblastoma in a single patient with familial bilateral disease. Specifically, OCT showed new retinal tumors, new vitreous seeds, and tumor recurrence before they could be detected or confirmed by ophthalmoscopy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:965–968.]
Al Este de los Andes. Tomo I
Authors: Renard-Casevitz France-Marie , Saignes Thierry , Taylor Anne-Christine
Published: October 2016

Esta obra se propone superar la rígida división que suelen establecer los estudios americanistas entre las sociedades andinas y las sociedades de la selva amazónica. En el primer tomo, F. M. Renard- Caseritz y Th. Saignes analizan las relaciones de los grupos ubicados en las estribaciones orientales de los Andes, primero con los Incas y después con los Españoles, entre el siglo XV y el XVII.En el segundo tomo A.C. Taylor - Descola estudia la evolución de las sociedades del Este de Los Andes al Sur del Ecuador y Norte del Perú (especialmente los grupos jívaros) a lo largo de la misma época histórica.
Participatory Sensing for City-Scale Applications
Authors: Mukherjee Tridib , Chander Deepthi , Eswaran Sharanya , Dasgupta Koustuv
Published: October 2016

The rapid advancements in sensing, computation and communications have led to the proliferation of smart phones. People-centric sensing is a scientific paradigm which empowers citizens with sensor-embedded smartphones, to contribute to micro and macro-scale urban sensing applications – either implicitly (in an opportunistic manner) or explicitly (in a participatory manner). Community-based urban sensing applications, are typically participatory in nature. For instance, commuters reporting on a transit overload may explicitly need to provide an input through an app to report on the overload. This chapter will focus on the trends, challenges and applications of participatory sensing systems. Additionally, they will understand the solution requirements for effective deployments of such systems in real scenarios.
Nutraceutical Industry with the Collaboration of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics Engineering
Authors: Bas Tomas Gabriel
Published: October 2016

This article highlights the relevance of the nutraceutical industry and the implication of biotechnology and nutrigenomics in the field of human health, to increase the quality and range of scope of their products. People in the world take every day functional foods constituted by nutraceutical ingredients. Only in the United States, 47% of men and 50% of women take daily vitamin complexes, inorganic nutrients and other food supplements that are made from nutraceutical ingredients. The article analyzes the nutraceutical industry in the leading countries worldwide. The number of existing companies in this sector is examined, in addition to analyzing the intellectual property generated by this industry. At the same time, it deepens in the number of patents assigned to the enterprises and the scientific publications consigned to each author (particularly to “star scientist”) is observed. Finally, the regulations and policies concerning nutraceuticals products of the different countries are analyzed.
Institutions as Enablers of Science-Based Industries
Authors: Villasana Marcia
Published: October 2016

Biotechnology impacts across different industrial uses of the life sciences, and has acquired a relevant role in addressing challenges faced by world economies such as those related to food, water, energy and healthcare provision. Many governments in emerging economies looking to exploit some of the opportunities provided by advances in biotechnology design institutional frameworks to cope and develop this complex science-based industry. In this context, a country´s science, technology and innovation institutional structure plays a key role in shaping the outcomes, commercialization, investments, and alliance strategies of this particular industry. This chapter builds on the innovation systems perspective to describe how institutions act as enabling factors for innovation and research in biotechnology. These factors are, as defined by the Biotechnology Industry Organization, infrastructure for R&D, human capital, intellectual property protection, regulatory environment, technology transfer frameworks, market, and commercial incentives.
Regional Innovation Pattern
Authors: Zhao Jingyuan
Published: October 2016

Beijing biopharmaceutical industrial base are currently still in its infancy, innovation network and collaborative innovation system within pharmaceutical industrial clusters still have many problems, and cluster-based technology innovation mechanism and pattern needs further exploration. This study focuses on Beijing pharmaceutical industry clusters, and industry cluster theory, learning theory, and regional innovation system theory apply to the practice of Beijing pharmaceutical industrial bases. The study discusses on the related concepts of technology learning, and establishes a technology learning network among industry clusters, and presents a technological learning system under the cluster network on the basis of existing learning theory. According to characteristics of biopharmaceutical industry, the study develops a basic framework of regional innovation for biopharmaceutical industry clusters, and proposes synergistic development strategies of Beijing north and south pharmaceutical industry clusters.
Solar Energy Potential as Support for Sustainable Development of Romanian Economy
Authors: Dusmanescu Dorel
Published: October 2016

Energetic resources represent one of the most important factors in the process of consolidation of competitive market economy, having also a very important role in assuring the functionality of the economic system components. The decline of oil and gas production imposes the necessity to identify and implement new energy sources. Another reason to identify new energy sources is the pollution that is generated by the fossil fuel burn. The chapter presents a methodology about the solar energy potential evaluation for Romania. As a result of the tax incentives that are offered to investors in renewable energy, many projects were developed in Romania in the recent years, especially about wind and solar energy. But many projects have been done without a realistic assessment of potential wind or solar energy, as the consulting firms had presented an exaggerated image of the financial potential of these investments.
Fuzzy Logic in Wind Energy
Authors: Goiti Imanol López
Published: October 2016

The use of wind energy for power generation purposes plays a major role in the current electrical market and is becoming increasingly attractive. The good exploitation of this kind of energy may improve the power generation capabilities and therefore reduce generation costs. Fuzzy Logic methodology can be used to improve the current technology. In this chapter, Fuzzy Logic is proposed as a technique that assesses wind sites and predicts annual generation for wind turbines. Moreover, it is also proposed to maximize the power search and control the power electronic converter of the wind turbine. Fuzzy Logic should be considered as a real alternative to the typical methods for the exploitation of wind energy. It can improve wind power generation with high performance and efficiency.
Modeling and Operating Strategies of Micro-Grids for Renewable Energy Communities
Authors: Khan Saad Salman
Published: October 2016

Electric power is flexible, easily controlled and is used in everyone's daily life. Humans can't use other form of energy except electric power because electric power, is one of the main factor to economic development, improved health care, poverty alleviation, and cleaner environment for a society. According to an estimate people more than 1.5 billion worldwide don't have sufficient access to electric power due to inaccessibility, electrification via traditional centralized form of grid was not a feasible option. This led to phenomenal research interest in microgrid based energy supply. Microgrids are low voltage network's that are designed to generate, transmit and distribute electrical energy. These grids accomplish specific goals such as cost reduction, CO2 emission reduction, reliability and diversification of energy sources. Microgrids are an ideal way to integrate renewable energy resources in the local community and allow consumer participation in an energy enterprise. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancement in Microgrids.
Systems with Concentrating Solar Radiation
Authors: Pavlović Saša R. , Stefanović Velimir P.
Published: October 2016

In this chapter, description and working principles of the parabolic trough power plants, solar tower power plants, parabolic dish power plants, and power plants with Fresnel reflectors in the world and their potential use in Serbia are given. In addition, the examples and technical characteristics of some concentrating solar power plants in the world are given. The cases in which solar cells are used to generate electrical energy are very rare. Solar systems referred as mid temperature (100–400 oC) are considered suitable for integration with industrial processes, cooling, and polygeneration systems through use of concentrating solar collectors. The results of this research may be applied in the construction of small solar systems, but also in the design and construction of large polygeneration systems. Physical and mathematical model is presented, as well as numerical procedure for predicting thermal performances of the P2CC (Parabolic-and-Circular Collector) solar concentrator.
Renewable Energy Management with a Multi-Agent System
Authors: Ben Abdessalem Wahiba , Karaa Sami , Ashour Amira S.
Published: October 2016

Renewable energy generation (Wind, solar …) is rising rapidly around the world. Energy storage is being today realistic with some kind of variable renewable electricity sources such as the Pumped Hydraulic Storage (PHS). The incorporation of the PHS requires different policies since there are a variety of electric generation technologies that can be exploited commonly with the PHS. The energy management system, the scheduling of the generation units is a crucial problem for which adequate solutions can optimize the energy supply. This paper focuses on the applicability of the PHS technology in the development of renewable energy generation in Tunisia. This paper proposes also a multi agent system that can be implemented to simulate the exploitation of the PHS, commonly with other energy sources: conventional energy, wind energy, photovoltaic energy etc.
A System Safety Analysis of Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Naylor Warren
Published: October 2016

This chapter is focused solely on whether renewable energies can be implemented safely and if they are safer than the technologies they are replacing or supplanting albeit in small quantities at the current pace of implementation. Renewable or sustainable energy sources are necessary due to the ultimate erosion of traditional energy sources and the harmful effects they introduce into the environment and negatively affect our health. Regardless of how you personally feel concerning renewable energy sources, they are here and here to stay. With that simple understanding, we should ensure these systems are safe. This chapter evaluates the hazards associated with renewable energies and compares and contrasts them to those hazards posed by the traditional or legacy fossil fuel energies. The advantages of renewable energies are palpable and discussed in great detail in the other chapters of this book. This chapter focuses specifically on the safety of the renewable energy systems.
Revising the Empirical Linkage between Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Tunisia
Authors: Habib Sekrafi
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates the interactive relationships between renewable energy and economic growth based on a Cobb-Douglas production function for Tunisia over the period of 1980-2011. Using an ARDL model, results show confirm the validity of the feedback hypothesis while in the short term the conservation hypothesis is supported. Based on the author's results, the Tunisian government is appealed to revise its policy toward the use of renewable energy by (i) the enforcement of the production and consumption of renewable energy to be substituted to the fossil and fuel energy and (ii) encouraging private sectors to deal with this energy subsector.
Nanostructured Materials for the Realization of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
Authors: Shakir Imran , Ali Zahid , Rana Usman Ali , Nafady Ayman , Sarfraz Mansoor , Al-Nashef InasMuen , Hussain Rafaqat , Kang DaeJoon
Published: October 2016

One of the greatest challenges for the modern world is the ever-increasing demand of energy, which may soon outstrip the amount of natural resources that can be obtained using currently known energy conversion and energy storage technologies such as solar cells, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and supercapacitors. It appears that the maximum output efficiencies of these devices have already reached the intrinsic limits of almost all electrocatalyst materials. Hence, it is a high time to think about new material architectures by controlling size, shape, and geometry, as well as composition that can potentially make a significant improvement in the performance of these electrochemical devices. Among several known electrocatalyst materials are nanomaterials and their composites due to their unique electrical, mechanical, physical, chemical, and structural characteristics. These materials have opened a whole new territory of possibilities in designing high performance energy storage and conversion devices. In this chapter, the authors review the recent progress in energy storage and conversion devices that utilize various nanomaterials and their composite materials and identify future directions in which the field is likely to develop.