bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Environmental Efficiency of the Fleet of Boiler Plants in Modern Conditions
Authors: Elkin Yurii , Voinov Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

Mankind has created a multi-industry production. Its facilities have a harmful effect on the environment. And it resulted in a global environmental problem that has currently arisen. Among the branches of world production, energy is the most environmentally aggressive, and among its facilities the most aggressive are boiler plants. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of energy facilities on the state of natural environment and analyze the methods to reduce its intensity. Boiler plants are the most important element in modern power engineering. Hence, there is a need for a joint solution of the problem of reducing the harmful effect of boiler plants on the environment and the problem of their useful effect on global energy. The purpose of this research is to analyze methods to solve the problem of environmental interaction of boiler plants with the natural environment in modern conditions resorting to their partial renewal and using alternative energy sources in the future. It is necessary to broaden the requirements to the development of the world fleet of boiler plants that should be based on the use of innovative design, technological and operational solutions to provide reliable environmental efficiency of the equipment. Since domestic boiler plants have worked out a significant part of their service life and create greenhouse gas emissions and pollutant emissions into the atmosphere polluting thus water runoff and producing solid waste, it is advisable to continue to operate them in the mode of partial renewal. The partial renewal results in the reduction of the harmful effect of boiler plants on the environment due to the ecological improvement of the combustion process. Low-power worn-out boiler plants should be stopped and electricity should be supplied to consumers instead of steam. The problem of replacing obsolete boiler plants should be solved by using new energy sources of equivalent power, by creating and commissioning new highly efficient power plants that convert the energy of water, wind, geothermal sources, and solar energy. Understanding the important role of the global fleet of boiler plants in the global environmental situation on the part of international authorities has a positive effect on the state and development of energy and industry. The current involvement of our country in the war has complicated the processes that take place in the energy sector. The quality and reliability of the power plants have acquired particular importance. When using the domestic fleet of boiler plants, it is necessary to do our best to increase its environmental efficiency.
STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION LENGTH OF NONEQUILIBRIUM CHARGE CARRIERS IN CADMIUM TELLURIDE BASE LAYERS
Authors: Dobrozhan Andrii , Khrypunov Gennadiy , Khrypunova Alina , Khrypunov Mykhailo , Kirichenko Mykhailo , Zaitsev Roman
Published: December 2024

Thin film samples of cadmium telluride were obtained using thermal vacuum evaporation to study the diffusion length of minority charge carriers. Initial state analysis was conducted through X-ray structural studies of cadmium telluride condensed on glass substrates. The analysis revealed two diffraction reflections corresponding to the crystallographic planes (111) and (333). Calculations showed that the sizes of coherent scattering regions were 93 nm and 56 nm, while microstrain values were determined as 11.6×10−3 and 4.8×10−3, respectively, for these planes. Electron diffraction studies identified the zone axis of the formed film structures as [110]. Additionally, twinning and forming a layered substructure within the cadmium telluride thin films were observed. Microscopic surface studies provided insights into the surface relief, measured at approximately 130 nm, and the polycrystalline grain size, determined to be 1 micrometer. The method of spectral dependence of small-signal surface photovoltage was employed to investigate the electrophysical properties of cadmium telluride thin films. The diffusion length of minority charge carriers was calculated to be 0.45 micrometers, which is half the size of the grain dimensions. Furthermore, the transmittance coefficient of cadmium telluride was examined in the wavelength range of 800–900 nm. The optical bandgap energy was 1.4 eV, slightly lower than the 1.5 eV observed for monocrystalline cadmium telluride. In conclusion, cadmium telluride film structures produced by thermal vacuum evaporation exhibit electrophysical and electrical parameters inferior to monocrystalline cadmium telluride. These characteristics, particularly the low diffusion length of minority carriers and short electrical signal decay times make such film structures suitable for use in devices requiring long-term stability under the influence of time, extreme temperatures, electric fields, and radiation.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE BASIC LAYERS OF CADMIUM TELLURIDE IN PLANAR ELEMENTS FOR PROTECTING MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES
Authors: Khrypunov Gennadiy , Dobrozhan Andrii , Khrypunov Mykhailo , Shelest Tetiana , Saprykin Rostyslav
Published: December 2024

To create the physical basis of the industrial technology of planar protection elements, base layers of cadmium telluride, which were obtained by the method of thermal vacuum evaporation at different substrate temperatures on polycore plates with a molybdenum interlayer, were investigated using the X-ray diffractometric method. Temperature intervals corresponding to a qualitative change in the crystal structure of cadmium telluride films were determined. It is shown that the cadmium telluride films obtained at a substrate temperature that does not exceed 100°C contain only the hexagonal metastable phase, have a predominant orientation in the [002] direction, the level of microdeformation is 0.088 - 0.110, the size of the coherent scattering regions is 15.6 - 21.5 nm. The determined periods of the hexagonal crystal lattice a = 4.586 Å and c = 7.505 Å indicate the presence of significant tensile macrodeformations. An increase in the deposition temperature to 200°C leads to the appearance of a stable cubic phase oriented in the [111] direction along with the metastable hexagonal phase of cadmium telluride. At the same time, the orientation of the hexagonal phase in the [002] direction decreases from GH = 1.74 to GH = 1.45. The appearance of the cubic phase also leads to a decrease in microdeformations and the dimensions of the coherent scattering regions of the hexagonal phase to 0.029 - 0.043 nm and 12.1 - 15.8 nm, respectively. A further increase in the temperature of the substrate leads to the formation of cadmium telluride films in which there is only a stable cubic phase without a preferred orientation. At the same time, an increase in the temperature of the substrate to 300°C leads to a decrease in the macrodeformations of the cubic phase, which is evidenced by the approach of the period of the crystal lattice to the theoretical value: from a = 6.4870 Å to a = 6.4858 Å. Thus, it was experimentally shown that in order to ensure stable initial parameters of protection elements, the production of cadmium telluride films must be carried out at a substrate temperature of 300°C, as this prevents the presence of degradation processes due to the thermodynamically activated transformation of the metastable hexagonal phase into a stable cubic phase.
OPTIMIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOTS FOR LOGISTICS PROCESSES: A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sylin Maksym , Pshenychnykov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

An analysis of general information about mobile robotic platforms, their types, and features has been conducted. It has been suggested that in the field of transportation and sorting, robotic platforms contribute to more efficient management of warehouse processes and the delivery of goods. Sorting items or parcels on mobile robotic platforms takes place in order consolidation or dispatch areas in warehouses and transshipment centers, often using automated conveyor sorting systems. Sorting elements such as individual products, parcels, or containers based on specific criteria is an important logistical function and plays a key role in many warehouses and distribution centers. This process becomes essential, especially when packaging and zoning methods are used in the picking area to increase work efficiency. It has been noted that technological advancements in automated mobile robots (AMR) have significantly improved operational flexibility, productivity, quality, and, in some cases, economic efficiency. The use of artificial intelligence for autonomous decision-making contributes to the decentralization of processes associated with AMR. These systems are often rapidly implemented, particularly in environments where there is prior experience with similar projects. However, evaluating the benefits of AMR use and selecting optimal strategies to achieve maximum results remain challenging tasks. This literature review thoroughly analyzes key technological developments and identifies decision-making areas for planning and controlling AMR. It is stated that new technologies in robotics, based on mobile platforms, allow robots to move from isolated conditions into more chaotic and dynamic environments, where they collaborate with humans and perform tasks that go beyond their programmed behavior.
SYNTHESIS OF ELECTROLYTIC TERNARY ALLOYS WITH HIGH MICROHARDNESS
Authors: Nenastina Tetiana , Sakhnenko Мikola , Proskurina Valeria , Haponova Lyudmila
Published: December 2024

Electrodeposition of electrolytic alloys consisting of metals of the iron subgroup and zirconium allows obtaining a coating with a unique combination of physical and chemical properties that cannot be achieved by other coating methods. One of the reasons limiting the use of electrolytic coatings based on such alloys is the complexity of process control process and composition forecasting. The properties of alloys of the iron subgroup containing refractory metals and their composites depend not only on the chemical composition, that is, the content of the refractory component, but also on the deposition conditions. Varying the polarization current density allows the deposition of coatings of different composition and, accordingly, different functional properties. The aim of the work was to study the influence of electrolysis parameters on the chemical composition, structure, surface morphology and physical and mechanical properties of CoNiZr ternary alloy coatings. The formation of CoNiZr ternary alloys from citrate electrolyte on the copper surface in pulse mode was studied. The influence of electrolyte pH, mixing and current density on the composition, surface morphology and current yield and microhardness of ternary electrolytic alloys of the iron and zirconium subgroup was determined. The resulting coatings are characterized by a uniformly developed surface without cracks and sufficiently high and reproducible microhardness. Based on the results of the experiments, it can be concluded that the zirconium content does not affect the microhardness of the CoNiZr coating, but depends on the conditions of electrolysis and the properties of the electrolyte. Based on the conducted studies to determine the influence of electrolysis parameters on the microhardness of electroplated coatings, it was found that the properties of ternary CoNiZr coatings depend on the pH of the electrolyte, temperature and pulse current density. The conducted studies allow us to determine the conditions for obtaining high-quality coatings with specified functional properties.
Development of Evernoted Learning Media Center as Learning Innovation and Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities
Authors: Novarianto Riski Agung , Utami Prihma , Bashofi Ferdinan , Rahadian Septa , Setiani Puspita Pebri , Firdausi Faizah Ulumi , Sunuyeko Nurcholis
Published: December 2024

The development of Evernoted Learning Media Center aims to introduce inclusive learning innovations for people with disabilities. This study presents the design and implementation of an Evernoted-based learning platform with accessibility features. Employing the Research and Development (R&D) method, a need analysis was initially conducted through interviews with teachers and principals at three Special Needs Schools (SLB/Sekolah Luar Biasa) in Malang City. The analysis results were used to design an appropriate Evernoted Learning Media Center design. The platform incorporates accessibility features, including alternative text, contrast settings, and layer readers. Findings revealed that Evernoted could be configured into an effective learning medium, offering flexibility, personalization, and ease of  users access with various types of disabilities, especially deaf people. The analysis results demonstrated that Evernoted Learning Media Center could be an effective alternative for meeting the varied learning needs of students with disabilities, particularly deaf people, through two versions: an augmented reality (AR)-based Android application and a virtual tour-based website. Validation results indicated the platform’s feasibility at 83.17%, categorizing it as very feasible to be tested on students with disabilities.
Development of Mobile Exam Application to Prevent Student Exam Cheating on High School Computational Thinking Informatics Materials
Authors: Tiarani Mukhamad Khasan , Rejekiningsih Triana , Sumaryati Sri
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop a mobile-exam application to prevent cheating during online  exams in high school computational thinking. The research follows the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) and collects data through questionnaires, observations, pre-test and post-test in control and experimental classes. Sample included 72 respondents divided into control and experimental classes. The analysis involves descriptive and statistical methods to compare test result and cheating frequencies. Result indicate that the use of the mobile exam app significantly decreases cheating occurrences compared to traditional methods. The number of cheating incidents decreased from 20 in the control classes to 5 in the experimental classes, demonstrating the application's effectiveness in promoting academic integrity. Furthermore, the experimental class using the app shows improvement in post-test by 13 points compared to a 5-point increase in the control classes, demonstrating that the app not only prevents cheating but also enhances student learning outcomes. This app contributes to promoting academic integrity in online education settings, offering an innovative solution for improving exam security and student performance.
Quality-of-life scale machine learning approach to predict immunotherapy response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shen Juanyan , Ma Junliang , Chen Shaolin , Jin Su-Han , Xu Junzhu , Li Qisha , Zhang Chi , Tian Xiaojing , chen Xiaofei , Wang Haitao , Tan Fangya , Hecht Markus , Frey Benjamin , Gaipl Udo S. , Ma Hu , Zhou Jian-Guo
Published: December 2024

Background
Despite immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), disease progression is inevitable. A diverse patient-reported Quality-of-life(QoL) scale attempts to predict outcomes for aNSCLC patients received atezolizumab using machine learning.
Materials and Methods
This study analysized the association between baseline QoL and clinical outcome in aNSCLC patients received atezolizumab in 4 randomized clinical trials: the IMpower150 study (discovery cohort), the BIRCH, OAK and POPLAR study (validation cohorts). We identified quality of life subtypes (QoLS) by consensus clustering in the discovery cohort and predicted them in external validated cohorts.
Results
We identified QoLS1 and QoLS2 via consensus clustering in the discovery cohort. Compared with QoLS2, patients in QoLS1 had a significantly longer median OS(13.14 vs. 21.42 months, hazard ratio [HR] 2.07 [1.64–2.62]; p < 0.0001) and PFS(5.7 vs. 8.3 months, HR 1.70 [1.42–2.04]; p < 0.0001), and higher clinical benefit rates( 68% vs 57% ,p = 0.0027) with 6, 12 and 24-month time-dependent AUC of 0.61, 0.6 and 0.53 for OS, respectively. We observed similar favorable trends for OS (p < 0.0001) for predicted QoLS1 in the external cohorts using the PAM algorithm. Additionally, QoLS1 served as a strong predictive biomarkers for atezolizumab (ICI)-treated aNSCLC patients in comparison with chemotherapy (non-ICI)-treated patients regarding OS in both the IMpower150 trial (QoLS1: HR ICI vs. non−ICI = 1.30, p = 0.04; QoLS2: HR ICI vs. non−ICI = 1.21, p = 0.2) and the OAK + POPLAR trials (QoLS1: HR ICI vs. non−ICI = 1.27, p = 0.007; QoLS2: HR ICI vs. non−ICI = 1.21, p = 0.07).
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the potential of integrative machine learning in effectively analyzing QoL and predicting clinical outcomes in aNSCLC patients undergoing atezolizumab immunotherapy.
Poisson Network SIR Epidemic Model
Authors: Wairimu Josephine , Gothard Andrew , Rempala Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

We extend the classical Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model to a network-based framework in which node degrees follow a Poisson distribution. This extension incorporates an additional parameter representing the mean node degree, allowing for the inclusion of heterogeneity in contact patterns. Using this enhanced model, we analyze epidemic data from the 2018-20 Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, employing a survival approach combined with the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method. Our results suggest that network-based models can more effectively capture the heterogeneity of epidemic dynamics compared to traditional compartmental models, without introducing unduly overcomplicated compartmental framework.
The legal nature of generative artificial intelligence (- Model - Chat G.P.T)
Authors: Mostafa Samera
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence, , is a technological revolution in our current era, called the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is essentially based on merging computer science, or computer science, with human intelligence to produce artificial intelligence. Chatbot (GAPT) is one of the most important generative artificial intelligence programs as a chatbot, or (GATTGBT).

It is translated into Arabic (generative artificial transformer that is pre-trained for conversation), and the name generative artificial intelligence comes from the fact that it is programmed in order to be able to generate and create new content of its kind by learning patterns and structures from the data on which it was programmed, and thus it enjoys a kind of independence from whoever created it. By programming it with data and information.

In our research, we focus on the legal nature of this modern technology according to the Iraqi Civil Law No. (40) and according to the Iraqi Consumer Protection Law No. (10) of 2010, and at the end of our research we arrived at a set of conclusions and recommendations to serve this research.
Judicial Control in the Field of Environmental Protection in Iraqi Law (Comparative Study with Algerian Law)
Authors: Mahdi Mahdi , Al Zuhairy Omer , Hamad Hamad
Published: December 2024

Judicial control is important in revealing the crime and investigating its perpetrators and the evidences that prove its commission in accordance with the law. With regard to environmental crime, there should be members of the judicial police who have knowledge and experience that qualifies them to detect and investigate it and who committed it and prove this through technical methods before the judiciary in order to impose punishment on whoever commits the environmental crime. The environment is free from pollution, so that it is a deterrent to others and prevents them from committing it, thus protecting the human right to live in a clean environment which is guaranteed by various constitutions including the Iraqi Constitution of 2005.
Members of the judicial police often face difficulty in detecting environmental crime due to their lack of experience or lack of technical devices and equipment necessary for this. Since the environment is one of the values that the legislator seeks to protect and preserve, it has issued legislation to guarantee this protection, so the task of judicial police is entrusted in the field of The environment includes members of a special judicial police, and their tasks are defined in special legislation, in addition to their tasks specified in the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Criminal policy in its confrontation Crimes Related to National Security in the Kurdistan Region "An Analytical Study"
Authors: Jirgis Fakhradfin , Ali Weadi
Published: December 2024

State security, as a sphere of life related to statehood, stands as one of the main pillars of stability, exerting a significant impact on the progress and development of the state and the country. It encompasses the organization of political, military, economic, and social activities. Despite being perceived primarily as a political issue linked to state sovereignty, security is a crucial aspect within the realm of criminal law and state policy. This is essential for legally regulating and identifying criminal actors who pose a threat to the stability and security of society.

The legislative philosophy and legal principles concerning state security issues vary across states and societies, contingent upon their political, constitutional, and legal systems. Following the transformation in the Iraqi political system and the establishment of the new Iraq based on the 2005 constitution, the Kurdistan Region, as a federal constitutional entity, gained the right to draft its own laws. This autonomy facilitated the formulation of a legislative policy tailored to the nature of Kurdish society. Consequently, the Kurdistan Region suspended several legal provisions in Iraq and developed an independent criminal policy distinct from federal Iraq, reflecting the perspectives of Kurdish society.

This study constitutes a scientific attempt to investigate the criminal legislative policy related to state security in the Kurdistan Region using analytical methods.
Legal Protection of Foreign Women Workers in the Kurdistan Region’s Cafeterias: Soran City as an Example
Authors: Salih Rdhwan , Khudur Shilan
Published: December 2024

The Iraqi Labor Law No. (71) of 1987, which is in force in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, gives great importance to the worker in terms of rights and duties. There is no doubt that foreign women workers who work in the Kurdistan Region’s cafeterias need to be protected by law and their rights guaranteed. However, the legal protections for foreign women workers in cafeterias are unclear, and their rights are not adequately addressed. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to present the legal rights and protections provided for women workers in the applicable treaties and domestic laws, as well as to determine the extent of providing these rights and protections for foreign women working in the region’s cafeterias. This research relied on comparative and analytical methods to achieve its objectives and also adopted the empirical research method by conducting interviews with foreign women workers in Soran’s cafeterias. The study revealed that these women workers are deprived of most of their rights. They are often employed during nighttime hours and do not have the daily or annual leave provided for by the labor law with full wage and there is also a difference in the daily wage between women workers in cafeterias, which is contrary to the labor law. Finally, it is proposed that the labor law should not only be a written law but rather an effective and practical law in the private sector in the Kurdistan Region.
White Marriage in the light of the applicable laws of Iran and the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Salih Rdhwan , Saeed Rojin
Published: December 2024

Among the unexpected phenomena in some societies, white marriage (Cohabitation) arises, which means the coexistence of a girl and a boy without an official or legal marriage. Cohabitation is considered a common and acceptable subject and has been legally regulated in many Western countries, but in some Middle Eastern countries, such as Iran, which is widely felt and growing, it remains unacceptable both in terms of Sharia and legal norms. The proliferation of this controversial phenomenon, Cohabitation, in Iran, which neighbors the Kurdistan Region, could potentially have adverse effects on the region's future as it may reduce the rate of official marriage, the cessation of childbirth, and increase moral deviations in society. In the Kurdistan Region, there is currently no legal provision that criminalizes this type of marriage, nor is there any legal remedy to prevent its spread. Therefore, this study aims to introduce Cohabitation and present its rules and consequences based on the applicable laws of Iran and the Kurdistan Region. The most important outcome that our research has reached, by using analytical and comparative methods, is the illegitimacy and illegality of this form of marriage under the Islamic holy religion and the laws of both Iran and the Kurdistan Region, despite the absence of any usual consequences associated with valid marriages, such as dowry, alimony, inheritance, and the non-fixity of descent for their children.
Recent Development of Holding Companies Under Iraqi Law
Authors: Bayz Miran , Saeed Sedeeq
Published: December 2024

Emerging holding companies are now a universal necessity as a result of rapidly expanding domestic and international business transactions. Due to holding companies’ significant impact on the national economy, legislation increasingly focuses on them. Concisely, the holding company dominates the administrative and financial aspects of its subsidiaries, and as a result, it casts votes on the board of directors of the subsidiary in favour of the holding company’s interests. The research is divided into three chapters; the first chapter provides a general description of the holding company. Then, clearly, holding companies in Iraq, such as recent sorts of companies, were legalized at the end of 2019 when the Iraqi Representative Council amended Company Law No. 21 and issued No. 17 of 2019 to legalize holding companies. As well, the second chapter analyses domination measures over the subsidiaries, and the third chapter pertains to the holding companies’ liability. In the conclusion, the researcher presents some results and recommendations.
CONSTITUTIONAL RECOGNITION OF THE KURDISH LANGUAGE IN IRAQ BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE (AN ANALYTICAL STUDY)
Authors: Ahmed Shaho
Published: December 2024

The Republic of Iraq is a multi-ethnic federal state, and the Kurdish language is one of the main constitutional languages ​​of its ethnic components. This language has its own rules, roots and history, but at most stages and different times, the official authorities in the country ignored this language or did not pay sufficient attention to it through formulating the legal procedures for determining the official language. Since the issuance of the Basic Law of 1925, the policy of one official language has been followed at the national level, which was the Arabic language, while taking into account ethnic and linguistic diversity at a lower and narrower level. The recognition of the Kurdish language as an official language in Iraq was a sensitive political issue. At some stages it was recognized indirectly within the framework of national rights, and at other stages directly but only in areas inhabited by Kurds and the Kurdistan Region. However, with the establishment of the federal system, especially after the issuance of the 2005 Constitution, the Kurdish language, along with the Arabic language, became an official language throughout the Republic of Iraq, and it was an important step to strengthen a constitutional right for an ethnic component in Iraq. To ensure the consolidation of constitutional recognition of the Kurdish language, some legal and practical texts and procedures were put in place, while on the practice, it faced many obstacles and was not implemented as required, so that the imposition and use of the Arabic language appears clearly through the actions and dealings of the federal authorities throughout Iraq, and this violates the principles of the current Iraqi Constitution, and is considered a return to the pre-federal period.
Penal Populism in Criminal Cases in Courts
Authors: Rahman Halala , Mahdi Mahdi , Hameed Hind
Published: December 2024

Penal populism is an approach in which the criminal justice system policy makers and practitioners formulate and implement dramatic and popular criminal policies to draw public opinion regardless of scientific findings. Populism may penetrate substantive criminal rules, and in this regard, severe penalties might be approved by lawmakers. Penal populism has its own traces in ceremonial laws as well; the laws that provide the best context to implement the populism actions and policies and thus provide the best condition for this phenomenon to shape. The practitioners of the criminal justice system may consider fast and dramatic trials and immediate and public enforcement of the sentences in their agenda under public pressure or political propaganda.
Financial Distress of the Company and the Judicial Authority in Rescuing It
Authors: Rasheed Saif
Published: December 2024

The financial turmoil that affects a company at any stage of its life can have negative repercussions related to the existence of the company as a standing and independent entity. Therefore, the search for a way that enables the commercial company to continue its existence is very important. Declaring the bankruptcy of the company should be the last resort, as it entails harsh solutions that affect not only the company but also everyone who has an interest in it, whether directly or indirectly. The company cannot be rescued from financial turmoil and pulled out of distress except through other entities that work to find the appropriate way to rescue it, and one of these entities is the judiciary. The judiciary plays a crucial role in rescuing the company from the risk of collapse, due to its neutrality and its competence in resolving disputes. Considering that there are conflicting and varying interests directly or indirectly related to the troubled company, granting the judiciary such authority necessitates a review of the legal texts and any shortcomings therein, in order to achieve the desired goal of our research.
Conflicting Readings of the Brutality of Late Communism - The Case of the Slovo Patsana Series
Authors: Đurković Miša
Published: December 2024

The paper explores how a phenomenon of popular culture undergoes very different interpretations within the same cultural circle. The author focuses on the immensely popular Russian series Boy’s Word, which premiered in 2023. The show deals with the phenomenon of juvenile criminal gangs in Kazan, involving many associations and layers. All this was reinforced by the framework of the Ukrainian war, and the absurd outcome that it is the most watched series in Ukraine even though it is banned.
Educational and/or National Mission? Higher Education in Skopje 1920‒1944
Authors: Bondžić Dragomir , Tomanić Boris
Published: December 2024

A comparative analysis of the work of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje (1920 - 1941), which was founded by the Yugoslav authorities, and the University "Tsar Boris III" (1943 - 1944), which was established through the efforts of the Bulgarian state, reveals a number of similarities, indicating that the basic principles of the two states were nearly identical in the educational and national sense. Serbia, later Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria used almost the same means in order to achieve the desired goal - political and cultural domination over the Vardar Valley. Cultural-educational, but also national-political aspects were evident through official correspondence and public statements. The rhetoric of Yugoslav and Bulgarian institutions and individuals, along with their publishing activities, lectures, etc., was quite similar. The similarities were also visible through the set scope and objectives of these higher education institutions, as well as through their legislative frameworks and the position of the faculty/university in relation to the administrative center in Belgrade or Sofia. Through their ministries, both states sent emissaries, various commissions and trusted individuals in order to shape the operation of these institutions further. However, economically and politically weak, and lacking sufficient development in scientific and cultural fields, neither Yugoslavia nor Bulgaria manageed to complete the project of cultural assimilation of the local population in Macedonia. The initial aspirations for a quick resolution of national objectives through these institutions were soon replaced by material and social issues. Thus, efforts at Serbization - to a lesser extent, and Yugoslavianization - to a greater extent, and subsequently Bulgarianization, failed to achieve their full potential through the aforementioned higher education institutions. On the other hand, the educational and cultural endeavors of the Yugoslav government during the interwar period gained their true significance for this region and its local population only after the Second World War, with the establishment of the University of Skopje, when the political, and therefore social physiognomy of the Yugoslav landscape was transformed.
“It rains in my village”: From Literature to the History of Private Life
Authors: Ralović Ivana
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses Aleksandar Saša Petrović's film “It rains in my village” (1969), from a dual perspective: as a constructed narrative world shaped by the literary work referenced by the author (and thus, a potential adaptation) and as a valuable source of anthropological and historical material.
In the opening credits, the author invokes the weight of authority embedded in the name of the Russian genius, inviting the viewers to embark on a quest for Dostoevsky (or to follow Dostoevsky’s footsteps). Although there are no direct quotations from Dostoevsky in the film’s surface, we have detected numerous similarities hidden beneath it. The ideological similarities Petrović alludes to operate on the edge of typological analogies and often cannot be definitively explained or directly linked to Dostoevsky’s novel The Demons. In the film It rains in my village there is something inherently Dostoevskian, yet it is difficult to precisely delineate where these associative connections are justified and where the author’s free and independent articulation begins.
In It Rains in My Village, the author develops the story with considerable freedom, playing with the referenced text while creating a new narrative world where layers of the proto-world he points to can be seen. At the same time, numerous sources and proto-worlds emerge, branching out, diverging, or converging toward the film. It turns out that the film also resonates with numerous possible traces of intertextual debates, drawing our attention to one significant and valuable layer – a newspaper report embedded in the film's foundation, even though Petrović does not explicitly reference it in the credits.
Memory, blurred recollections, and reminiscence have led to the displacement and creation of a fundamentally altered version of the proto-world. Within the context of the narrative world as a central concept in transmedia storytelling, this paper addresses the modification and transposition of the narrative world of The Demons. This is complemented by allofilmic quotations (from painting, literature, and music), interverbal quotations from documentary material (a newspaper article), and the inscription of contemporaneity and the present moment through depictions of private life, customs, anecdotes, leisure activities, and romantic troubles of the inhabitants of a Vojvodina village in 1968.
Wasting Time as a Cultural Practice in Contemporary Serbia
Authors: Žikić Bojan
Published: December 2024

The expression "wasting time" is a colloquial label for periods of time spent waiting to receive services in various social situations in which people find themselves in state or private institutions, such as the Ministry of Internal Affairs or health institutions, banks and technical inspections of vehicles, etc. In this way, the superiority of social or cultural time over individual time is manifested. Cultural use of time represents the tendency to manage linear time by repeating events anchored in certain time segments, such as rituals, music festivals, sports events, or national holidays. Individuals perceive time based on cultural learning, understanding sociocultural time as a framework for organizing their personal time. This means that when they are not engaged in activities arising from collective time, individuals tend to organize their time according to their personal needs and intentions - as much as possible.Wasting time is therefore perceived as time not spent on activities related to work or free time that are the consequence of personal choice or existential necessity. The term most often refers to the waiting periods, which are apparently not regarded as integral to completing a task, such as a medical examination or obtaining personal documents. The concept of wasting time emerges as an uncreative, imposed, wasted time spent on completing tasks that could be organized differently. It is an empty time, devoid of important events and which is contrasted with periods of activity. The idea of ​​wasting time corresponds to the personal experience of time. The given expression is a consequence of evaluating whether or not a certain period of time was spent usefully, viewed from a personal perspective. Everyone's experience suggests that time seems to pass more slowly when we can do nothing but wait. The networking of such experiences, arising from a multitude of social situations that impose prolonged waiting as a procedural part to obtain what is considered useful or necessary for individuals, can be characterised as a cultural practice. The contributors to this practice include all social institutions that provide services to users through direct contact and hold a societal monopoly of performing their activities.
“Funny” Edge of Ageism – Representations of Old People in Domestic Humour
Authors: Banić Grubišić Ana , Milosavljević Ljubica , Ajduk Marija
Published: December 2024

The central topic of the paper is the humoristic production during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chief focus is on the main representations of the eldest members of the society during this dramatic period, when they were declared to be the most endangered, but also the ones who endanger others by their vulnerability. The research was limited to the first year of the critical period, when the state of emergency was declared, from March 15th to May 6th 2020, with the aim to observe the phenomenon of old age in the local humoristic discourse from the synchronic perspective. In this manner, it was possible to map the different ways of making jokes on old age.
            The analytic material, on the basis of which the conclusions were drawn, included both the traditional and contemporary modes of humour in which the elder people are the main actors. It was thus possible to discern which characteristics and actions are ascribed to the elder in the traditional, verbal jokes, as well as in the contemporary multi-media humoristic contents. The material included the oral jokes on the elder (verbal jokes on “grandmas and grandpas” on the Internet) as well as Internet memes with the theme of the old age, that appeared and circulated in Serbia during the period under analysis. The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the particular forms of making jokes in the key of the so-called fourth ageism, linked to the most endangered old members, both in terms of health and social factors, in the society characterized by the wide-ranging paternalism.
Vampires, Narcissists, and Psychopaths: The Psychopolitics of Stigma in Self-Help Books
Authors: Vukomanović Bogdan
Published: December 2024

Until now, self-help literature has been viewed as a medium through which the processes of neoliberalization took place at the "micro-level", i.e. at the level of individual consciousness. The central idea of ​​that set of research papers is that books in this field aim to internalize the "neoliberal self", that is, a depoliticized individual solely focused on self-improvement. Although this paper does not dispute the aforementioned conclusions, I believe that the previous studies of self-help literature have been focused on the prescribed construction of the relationship that an individual should have with themselves, at the expense of the relationship that an individual should establish with others. In other words, the focus of the previous analyzes was the cultivation of a desirable, positively valorized, socially acceptable personality. The aim of this paper is to focus on the "other side of the coin", that is, the production of those forms of subjectivity whose influence or mere presence the "successful neoliberal self" should avoid. The focus is directed toward what the self-help literature refers to as "emotional vampires", "toxic" people, "psychopaths" and "narcissists", as well as the advice on how to avoid them, deal with them or how to "heal" them. Through the analysis of self-help books dealing with these personality types, I aim to highlight that the construction of the neoliberal self also includes the marginalization, exclusion and stigmatization of undesirable forms of subjectivity, thus influencing the creation of certain forms of sociality as an integral part of its psychopolitics. This has significant implications for the possibilities available to other forms of sociality, which are also a subject of examination.
The Heritage of Emancipation: Collecting the (Invisible) Everyday
Authors: Jokanović Milena , Đorđević Ivan , Đorđević Marija
Published: December 2024

Participatory heritage mapping is one of the possible methods for valorizing emancipation practices as cultural heritage. Through the citizen science research project "HEROINES: Heritage of Emancipation - Empowering Roma Women through the Construction of Solidarity Networks", conducted by researchers from the Institute of Etnography, SASA, and the Faculty of Philosophy – University of Belgrade, in cooperation with Roma activists from Belgrade, Kostolac, and Pirot, the heritage of women's activism was defined as a distinct form of everyday life. Moreover, the research is based on the notion that women emancipation practices decisively affect the community's identity and areas of action. After providing a theoretical overview and presenting relevant examples of the process of participatory heritage mapping, this paper analyzes the potential of community mapping methods using the abovementioned example. Additionally, it considers possibilities for interpreting community heritage that, until now, has not been widely represented within official heritage institutions.
Lex 33 Revista Completa
Authors: Lex Revista
Published: December 2024

LEX, revista de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la Universidad Alas Peruanas, publica el número 33. Sale a luz en un año, también marcado por conflictos sociales y persistiendo en los paradigmas pendientes en el mundo académico, como en editoriales anteriores, sobre “el paradigma de las revistas Diamante: creando una comunidad global y nuevas infraestructuras” que resaltan la problemática de la investigación y Acceso Abierto, hoy prioritario en universidades, en centros investigación públicos, privados y otros. El problema central es la calidad de la investigación, el cómo publicamos, desde qué bases: de Acceso Cerrado o de Acceso Abierto.
El Defensor del Pueblo Español: Construyendo una Cultura de Estabilidad Institucional en torno a sus Actores y Procesos de Transición
Authors: Vicente Vicente María José , Bartolomé Cid Inés
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo nos marcamos como objetivo principal el análisis de la figura del Defensor del Pueblo. Para ello, observamos esta Institución desde su normativa reguladora y los pilares que sustentan su funcionamiento, para luego revisar los actores y escenarios más influyentes en los que han tenido lugar hasta el último proceso de transición del año 2021, a través de una metodología descriptiva y de estudio de caso. Trabajando en conceptos clave como Ombudsman, Derechos Humanos, Derechos civiles, Constitución y legislatura, su propósito consiste en que pueda ser una herramienta de comprensión de la Institución sobre la base de una cultura de estabilidad institucional y de poder dotar de un mayor conocimiento a los alumnos universitarios.
Los Instrumentos de Ordenamiento Territorial de Macro Escala Nacional: Análisis de la Legislación Urbanística Ecuatoriana
Authors: Barros Esquivel Katia Paola
Published: December 2024

En el Ecuador desde el año 2008, con la norma suprema se establece como una política de Estado al ordenamiento territorial; incorporando como competencia exclusiva de todos los niveles de gobierno nacional y locales, el planificar el desarrollo mediante instrumentos a los que obligatoriamente se sujetan las políticas, programas y proyectos públicos, la programación y ejecución del presupuesto general del Estado y la asignación presupuestaria. El Plan Nacional de Desarrollo contiene una Estrategia Territorial Nacional que es parte constitutiva y expresión de la política pública en el territorio; y por ello, un instrumento de ordenamiento territorial a escala nacional. A esta macro escala, constituyen además instrumentos de ordenamiento territorial los Planes Sectoriales del Ejecutivo con incidencia en el territorio. En este contexto, el presente artículo genera una primera aproximación al estado de la cuestión de estos dos instrumentos de planificación territorial de escala nacional obligatorios en el Ecuador. Se analiza lo dispuesto en la legislación nacional, las normativas y demás actos que regulan o guían la planificación del territorio a macro escala. Como resultado se evidencian las desconexiones legales y normativas sectoriales con la urbanística, y los vacíos legales que implican la limitación de planificar en el territorio, los servicios a gran escala.
La Apatridia en Mujeres, Acciones del ACNUR y la Nueva Alianza Global para poner Fin a la Apatridia
Authors: Alemán Martínez Sandra
Published: December 2024

En algunos países las mujeres y niñas son discriminadas por razón de género, las condiciones a que se enfrentan las personas privadas de una nacionalidad “apátridas”, involucran una doble o triple vulnerabilidad para ellas, el Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados ACNUR, tiene encomendada la tarea de acabar con este fenómeno social que denigra y discrimina a millones de personas en el mundo, la mayoría de ellos miembros de minorías; este artículo realiza un estudio de las situaciones que pueden enfrentar día a día, la intervención del ACNUR desde 1951, y el lanzamiento de una nueva Alianza global para poner fin a la apatridia, misma que requiere el involucramiento e intervención de la sociedad en general para lograr la voluntad política de los gobernantes y legisladores del mundo, a quienes corresponde promover, aprobar, y ejecutar leyes de nacionalidad que eviten y prevengan la apatridia.
Acciones Colectivas de Consumo en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Authors: Tambussi Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Las acciones colectivas constituyen una garantía fundamental para la defensa de los derechos de usuarios y consumidores al permitir conforme su diseño constitucional, que amplios legitimados del sector social y del estado, y los propios sujetos involucrados, agrupen reclamos que individualmente sería dificultoso e impráctico llevar a decisión judicial. La discusión sobre su organización procesal en la Argentina lleva inconclusa treinta años y la Ciudad de Buenos Aires ha dado el primer paso en su formulación de la forma que describimos en este trabajo.