bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cixidia confinis (Zetterstedt, 1828) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Achilidae) in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Province
Authors: Gnezdilov V.M. , Emeljanov A.F. , Kovalev A.V. , Fadeev K.I.
Published: October 2019

Cixidia confinis (Zetterstedt, 1828) is recorded from the north of Saint Petersburg and from the Kurgalsky Reserve and near Volkovitsy village in Leningrad Province after the series of larvae collected since late April to late May 2019 with the adults appeared later in the laboratory. Until the present C. confinis was known from Russia only after few specimens. The photos of alive adults and larvae of C. confinis are provided for the first time.
Publishing & the Book in Africa: A Literature Review for 2015.
Authors: Zell Hans
Published: October 2019

This is a review of select new literature in English that has appeared on the topic of publishing and book development in Africa published during the course of 2015. It covers books, papers in edited collections, journal articles, Internet documents and reports, interviews, as well as a number of blog postings (with their posting dates indicated.) Newspaper articles are not included in this literature review, nor are video presentations. Records are grouped under a range of regional/country and topic-specific headings. It should be noted that, for the most part, literature on particular topics, e.g. children’s book publishing, copyright, digital publishing, reading culture and reading promotion, etc. is listed under topic/subject rather than country headings. Most journal articles published online are freely accessible unless otherwise indicated. All these records, and many more, will shortly be integrated into the online database of Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa http://www.hanszell.co.uk/cgibin/online/pbrssa.shtml, which is currently in the process of migrating to a new hosting institution in Nigeria (see press release at http://www.hanszell.co.uk/Press%20release.pdf), from where it will shortly be re-launched on a more dynamic digital platform, and become freely available as Drupal-based open access/open source content management platform. It is expected that the new database will be launched early in 2016, when the first batch of updates and new records will then be posted.
Changes in Cognitive Impairment in the Czech Republic
Authors: Seblova Dominika , Brayne Carol , Machů Vendula , Kuklová Marie , Kopecek Miloslav , Cermakova Pavla
Published: October 2019

Background:

Studies from North America and Western Europe suggest stable or declining trends in impaired cognition across birth cohorts.

Objective:

We aimed to examine changes in the age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment in the Czech Republic.

Methods:

The study used two samples from the population-based Czech Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment (defined based on scores in verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall, and temporal orientation) was compared between participants in wave 2 (2006/2007; n = 1,107) and wave 6 (2015; n = 3,104). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the wave and cognitive impairment, step-wise adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Multiple sensitivity analyses, focusing on alternative operationalizations of relative cognitive impairment, impact of missing cognitive data, and survival bias, were carried out.

Results:

The most conservative estimate suggested that the age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment declined by one fifth, from 11% in 2006/2007 to 9% in 2015. Decline was observed in all sensitivity analyses. The change was associated with differences in physical inactivity, management of high blood cholesterol, and increases in length education.

Conclusion:

Older adults in the Czech Republic, a country situated in the Central and Eastern European region, have achieved positive developments in cognitive aging. Longer education, better management of cardiovascular factors, and reduced physical inactivity seem to be of key importance.
Equivalent stress for steel box girder with corrugated web under bending based on magnetic memory method
Authors: Su Sanqing , Wei Luxi , Wang Wei , Yang Yiyi , Ma Xiaoping , Zuo Fuliang
Published: October 2019

Metal magnetic memory testing (MMMT) is a nondestructive testing technique that can detect early damage of component. In order to distinguish the effect of normal stress and shear stress on magnetic field, the flexural loading testing of inclined steel box girder with corrugated web is carried out by four-point bending pattern, and the normal component of the magnetic field at different position of the beam under different load level are collected. It is found that the law of normal component of the magnetic field changing with load is similar under different stress states, but the amplitude is quite different. The stress in Jiles–Atherton model can be replaced by equivalent stress when calculating the magnetic field under shear stress.
Delayed Clinical Manifestation of Parkinson’s Disease Among Physically Active: Do Participants in a Long-Distance Ski Race Have a Motor Reserve?
Authors: Olsson Tomas T. , Svensson Martina , Hållmarker Ulf , James Stefan , Deierborg Tomas
Published: October 2019

Background:

Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The explanations for this association are not completely elucidated. We use long-term PD-incidence data from long-distance skiers to study the relationship between exercise and PD.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate if physical activity is associated with long-term lower risk of PD and if this association could be explained by physically active people being able to sustain more PD neuropathology before clinical symptoms, a motor reserve.

Methods:

Using a prospective observational design, we studied whether long-distance skiers of the Swedish Vasaloppet ( n = 197,685), exhibited reduced incidence of PD compared to matched individuals from the general population ( n = 197,684) during 21 years of follow-up (median 10, interquartile range (IQR) 5–15 years).

Results:

Vasaloppet skiers (median age 36.0 years [IQR 29.0–46.0], 38% women) had lower incidence of PD (HR: 0.71; 95 % CI 0.56–0.90) compared to non-skiers. When reducing risk for reverse causation by excluding PD cases within the first five years from race participation, there was still a trend for lower risk of PD (HR: 0.80; 95 % CI 0.62–1.03). Further, the PD prevalence converged between skiers and non-skiers after 15 years of follow-up, which is more consistent with a motor reserve in the physically active rather than neuroprotection.

Conclusions:

A physical active lifestyle is associated with reduced risk for PD. This association weakens with time and might be explained by a motor reserve among the physically active.
Mortalidade Cardiovascular Associada ao Rastreamento Mamográfico
Authors: Migowski Arn , Nadanovsky Paulo , Vianna Cid Manso de Mello
Published: October 2019

Introdução: Os danos cardiovasculares do rastreamento mamográfico não têm sido objeto de estudo ou preocupações, inclusive na área de cardio-oncologia. O resultado é uma importante lacuna na literatura a despeito de evidências da grande magnitude do sobrediagnóstico e do sobretratamento no rastreamento e sua ligação com aumento da mortalidade cardiovascular. Objetivo: Apresentar e discutir as principais evidências a respeito das causas de aumento de mortalidade cardiovascular associadas ao rastreamento. Método: Foram realizadas buscas sistemáticas na literatura, por meio de quatro estratégias de busca em duas bases de dados (MEDLINE e LILACS), para identificar as causas de aumento de mortalidade cardiovascular potencialmente associadas ao sobrediagnóstico e ao sobretratamento. Para cada uma das estratégias de busca, os resultados tiveram seu nível de evidência atribuídos de acordo com a classificação do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados: Dois grandes grupos de causas de aumento da mortalidade cardiovascular foram identificados: o primeiro ligado diretamente ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama; e o segundo ao tratamento do câncer de mama, incluindo cirurgia e radioterapia adjuvante. O aumento de mortalidade cardiovascular incluiu diversos subgrupos de causas, tais como infarto agudo do miocárdio, tromboembolismo pulmonar, insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias, doença orovalvar e acidente vascular encefálico. Conclusão: Existem evidências consistentes sobre mortalidade cardiovascular associada ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento do câncer de mama em situações clinicamente compatíveis com o rastreamento. É provável também que essa seja uma das causas mais importantes da mortalidade relacionada ao rastreamento, em especial aquelas associadas ao sobretratamento com radioterapia adjuvante.
Acil Serviste Kan Transfüzyonu Yapılan Hastaların Özellikleri
Authors: İŞLER Yeşim , KAYA Halil , İŞLER Şükrü , YÜKSEL Melih
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı acil serviste kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu yapılan hastaların transfüzyon sonrası  değişim verilerin incelenmesi amacıyla prospektif olarak incelemektir. Bu çalışma Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi acil servisine başvuran hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetleri, şikayetleri, muayene bulguları, kan grupları, verilen kan ürünleri ve ünitelerinin dağılımı, transfüzyon öncesi ve sonrası hemoglobin(Hb), hematokrit(Hct) değerleri incelenerek yapıldı. Çalışmaya 92 hasta alınmış olup hastaların %56,5’u 65 yaş ve üzerindeydi. %59,8’i kadındı. %44,6 ile en fazla “halsizlik”şikayeti vardı. Muayenede hastaların %17,4’inde melena %14,1’inde hematokezya vardı. Hastaların %40,2’si anemi ve %35,9’u Gastrointestinal Sistem(GİS) kanaması tanısı almıştı. Hastalar en fazla %45,7 ile A RH+ ve %29,3 ile 0 RH + kan gruplarına sahipti. Hastaların %94,6’sına eritrosit süspansiyonu (ES) ve %5,4’üne ES+ taze donmuş plazma(TDP) transfüzyonu yapıldı. Hastaların %46,7’sine iki ünite ES ve %40,2’sine bir ünite ES verildi. Yaş gruplarının transfüzyon öncesi Hb değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark yokken ( p=0,879),  transfüzyon sonrası istatistiksel olarak önemli fark olduğu bulundu (p=0,003). ES transfüzyonu sonrası hastaların %58,2’si beklenen Hb değerine ve %50,0’si beklenen Hct değerlerine ulaşmıştı. Yaş, cinsiyet ve tanıya göre beklenen Hb ve Hct düzeylerine ulaşma durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli fark yoktu (p>0,05). Transfüzyon öncesi ve sonrası hastaların nabız, tansiyon ve ateş gibi vital bulgularında istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu (p>0,05), ancak Hb, Hct, MCV ve MCH’de önemli artış vardı (p<0,05). Çalışma sonunda acil serviste yapılan kan ve kan ürünü transfüzyonları incelendiğinde düşünülenin aksine travmaya bağlı acil transfüzyon değil de en fazla GİS kanama ve anemiye bağlı transfüzyon yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Segmentasi Pelanggan Internet Service Provider (ISP) Berbasis Pillar K-Means
Authors: Hadi Abd
Published: October 2019

Perusahan penyedia layanan internet service provider (ISP) memiliki jumlah pelanggan yang sangat banyak dan beragam. Dengan semakin banyak dan beraamnya jumlah pelanggan peusahaan akan sulit untuk mengetahui tipe pelanggan yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan. Akibatnya perusahaan akan kesulitan menerapkan strategi pemasaran yang tepat kepada konsumen. Dalam paper ini digunakan metode pillar K-means untuk melakukan segmentasi pelanggan. Algoritma pilar k-means untuk melakukan segmentasi pelanggaran . Algoritma Pillar merupakan metode optimasi untuk menentukan centroid awal dalam algoritma K-Means. Dengan mengoptimasi centroid awal maka akan menghasilkan cluster yang lebih baik . setelah memperoleh hasil cluster yang optimal selanjutnya tipe pelanggaran dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode RFM (Recency, Frequency, Montetery). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pllar K-means mampu mengoptimasi hasil cluster :  k = 4 dengan a = 0.5 dan b = 0.8 serta nilai silheoette 8 = 0.47103. Dari hasil segmentasi 150 pelangganan diperoleh tipe pelangganan yang terdiri Most Valuable Costmers (33) Most Growable Costomers (41), Migrators (23) dan Below Zero (53).
Combustion behavior of kraft black liquor droplets from hot water pretreated hardwood and softwood chips
Authors: CHEN CHENGCONG , ALÉN RAIMO , LEHTO JONI , PAKKANEN HANNU
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the combustion behavior of birch and spruce kraft black liquors obtained from an integrated forest biorefinery concept in which a hot water extraction of chips was performed before pulping. This pretreatment, aiming mainly at the recovery of various hemicellulose-derived materials, increased the concentrations of lignin and hydroxy acids in black liquors, compared with those in the reference black liquors without any process modification. On the other hand, the pretreatment decreased the concentrations of volatile acids and other organics (extractives and hemicellulose residues). Because of these characteristic changes, the total burning times (pyrolysis time plus char burning time) of the reference black liquors were somewhat longer than those of black liquors from the modified cooking process. The novel biorefinery based black liquors also swell more than the conventional ones. This phenomenon was primarily associated with the combined effect of high-molar-mass lignin fragments and hydroxy acids. All of the detected changes in combustion behavior were more intense for birch black liquors than for spruce black liquors.
The influence of strain rate and pulp properties on the stress relaxation of wet paper — modeling of relaxation
Authors: KOUKO JARMO , SORVARI JOONAS , RETULAINEN ELIAS
Published: October 2019

The time-dependent stress (tension) relaxation behavior of wet paper plays a key role in web transfer from the press to the dryer section of a paper machine. In this study, three linear viscoelastic models were used to predict the short time range tension relaxation of wet paper. Over longer time periods, all three models gave relaxation moduli that were apparently linear on a logarithmic timeline. However, the results showed that the tension relaxation of wet paper had more than one characteristic time constant, meaning that the initial tension relaxation phase had a different constant than the later phase or phases. In practical applications, the most relevant time range for runnability of the wet paper web is from milliseconds to a few seconds. The obtained results suggest that the strain rate and initial tension of the relaxation dictate the shape of the tension relaxation curve of wet paper: the higher the strain rate, the greater the tension loss during the first second of relaxation. The tension relaxation behavior of wet paper did not generally depend on pulp type, refining level of pulp, or solids content. However, there can be significant differences between furnishes and solids content in the amount of draw that leads to a sufficient web tension. The results indicated that the tension relaxation behavior of wet paper may be based on a general viscoelastic mechanism that is independent of fiber network properties but depends on the fiber wall material. The findings suggest that the redistribution mechanism of stresses in the wet fiber network has a high level of regularity. The Prony series was capable of predicting tension relaxation behavior of wet paper over a wide time range. Therefore, it can be a very useful simulation tool not only for wet webs, but for any viscoelastic material that shows stress (tension) relaxation.
Increased dryness after pressing and wet web strength by utilizing foam application technology
Authors: KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI KARITA , SALMINEN KRISTIAN , LEHMONEN JANI , HJELT TUOMO
Published: October 2019

Production cost savings by lowering basis weight has been a trend in papermaking. The strategy has been to decrease the amount of softwood kraft pulp and increase use of fillers and recycled fibers. These changes have a tendency to lower strength properties of both the wet and dry web. To compensate for the strength loss in the paper, a greater quantity of strength additives is often required, either dosed at the wet end or applied to the wet web by spray. In this pilot-scale study, it was shown how strength additives can be effectively applied with foam-based application technology. The technology can simultaneously increase dryness after wet pressing and enhance dry and wet web strength properties. Foam application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum, starch, and cellulose microfibrils (CMF) increased web dryness after wet pressing up to 5.2%-units compared to the reference sample. The enhanced dewatering with starch, guar gum, and CMF was detected with a bulk increase. Additionally, a significant increase in z-directional tensile strength of dry web and and in-plane tensile strength properties of wet web was obtained. Based on the results, foam application technology can be a very useful technology for several applications in the paper industry.
Corrosion monitoring and root cause identification in high solids concentrators
Authors: NIEMELAINEN PASI , PULLIAINEN MARTTI , KAHALA JARMO , LUUKKAINEN SAMPO
Published: October 2019

Black liquor high solids (about 80%) concentrators have often been found to suffer from aggressive corrosion. In particular, the first and second effect bodies are susceptible to corrosion attacks resulting in tube leaks and wall thinning, which limit the availability and lifetime of evaporator lines. Corrosion dynamics and construction materials have been studied extensively within the pulp and paper industry to understand the corrosion process. However, it has been challenging to identify root causes for corrosion, which has limited proactive measures to minimize corrosion damage. Corrosion of the first phase concentrator was studied by defining the potential regions for passive area, stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and general corrosion. This was achieved by using a technique called polarization scan that reveals ranges for the passive area in which the equipment is naturally protected against corrosion. The open circuit potential, also known as corrosion potential, and linear polarization resistance of the metal were monitored online, which allowed for definition of corrosion risks for stainless steel 304L and duplex stainless steels 2205 and SAF 2906. An online temperature measurement added insight to the analysis. A process diagnostics tool was used to identify root causes of the corrosion attacks. Many of the root causes were related to process conditions triggering corrosion. Once the metal surface was activated, it was difficult to repassivate the metal naturally unless a sufficient potential range was reached.
Evaluation of near-drum thinning data in recovery boiler generating bank tubes
Authors: SHARP W.B.A. SANDY , JONES W.A. BILLY
Published: October 2019

Near-drum thinning affects the fireside surface of recovery boiler generating bank tubes near the surface of the mud drum. Although sophisticated thickness scanning equipment has been developed to rapidly make tens of thousands of thickness measurements in the portion of a tube that is vulnerable to near-drum thinning,
methods for using these data to evaluate fitness-for-service have not shown similar advances. Non-destructive testing companies typically use a technician’s subjective judgment to identify the “thinnest reliable" thickness measurement on each tube. Some mills decide whether tubes can continue in operation or should be plugged or
replaced based on this single thickness measurement. However, finite element analysis of the remaining strength of individual tubes thinned in the near-drum area suggests that it is essentially impossible to identify the weakest tubes from simple empirical rules. In the absence of an industry standard for evaluating these data, different mills could
reach different conclusions about the fitness-for-service of a tube from the same data set. This paper reviews the technology for scanning the thickness of generating bank tubes and discusses approaches that have been used to identify the tubes most weakened by near-drum thinning and to evaluate the fitness-for-service of individual tubes.
Collaborative Systems, Operation and Task of the Manufacturing Execution Systems in the 21st Century Industry
Authors: Rozs Richard , Ando Matyas
Published: October 2019

Until the first two decades of the 21st century, as part of the Enterprise Resourse Planning (ERP), the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) and related systems have undergone development in both complexity and efficiency. In the field of production technology, there are many sources of work nowadays to get a detailed picture of the solutions offered by MES. The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive overview of the MES solutions that currently used in industry. In addition to the general structure of the systems and Holonic MES are briefly described. Special attencion is paid to various collaborative systems that complement the MES. The additional manufacturing tools for MES is also described shematically in this article.
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN WETFIX BE PADA BETON ASPAL CAMPURAN PANAS BERGRADASI SUPERPAVE
Authors: Rizal Rikki Sofyan , Susilowati Anni , Susanto Heri
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan Wetfix BE pada beton aspal campuran panas bergradasi superpave untuk lapis aus perkerasan lentur, dilihat dari aspek mutu, yaitu karakteristik Marshall, deformasi dan kekesatan permukaan, serta biaya. Pada penelitian ini variasi penggunaan Wetfix BE yang di gunakan adalah 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, dan 0.4% dari KAO 6%. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapat penggunaan Wetfix BE dalam campuran aspal tidak sepenuhnya meningkatkan nilai karakteristik Marshall karena ada beberapa sifat Marhall seperti pelelehan dan Marshall Quotient yang tidak memenuhi spesifikasi. Nilai Mu-Meter untuk campuran tanpa dan dengan menggunakan Wetfix BE memenuhi persyaratan, yaitu lebih dari 0.33 Mu-Meter, dengan demikian maka permukaan jalan memiliki tahanan gesek antara ban dan permukaan jalan yang cukup baik. Dari hasil pengujian alur roda pada suhu 60
Effleurage Massage, Kompres Dingin, Pengaturan Posisi terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Kala I Fase Aktif
Authors: Nurachmania Sarah Siti , Jayatmi Irma
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan effleurage massage, kompres dingin dan pengaturan posisi terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif di BPM Hj.Sukmawaty Prabumulih Timur Tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode praeksperimen melalui pendekatan posttest only design. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April-Juni Tahun 2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini 30 ibu bersalin dengan teknik purposive yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi berdasarkan taksiran persalinan. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan analisis Uji One-Way ANOVA yaitu univariat dan bivariat dengan α=0,05. Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA diperoleh nilai p-value=0,001 berarti (p<0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang bermakna rata-rata effleurage massage, kompres dingin dan pengaturan posisi terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif dan hasil uji Post Hoc Bonferroni diperoleh antarkelompok Effleurage Massage - Pengaturan Posisi p-value=0,002 berarti (p<0,05) dan antarkelompok Kompres Dingin - Pengaturan Posisi p-value=0,004 berarti (p<0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan rata-rata antarkelompok tersebut terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif.
Population fluctuation of jassid, and shoot and fruit borer of okra
Authors: Mohammad A , Alam SN , Miah MRU , Amin MR , Smriti RS
Published: October 2019

A field study was conducted at the research field of Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during April to July, 2016 to measure the population fluctuation of jassid (Amrascabiguttulabiguttula), and shoot and fruit borer of okra (Eariasvittella). Results revealed that jassid was always found in okra leaf during the whole study period. The highest jassid population was found during June and population reduced at the last week of July. Jassid population had significant positive relationship with temperature and significant negative relationship with relative humidity and rainfall. The weather parameters contributed 63.1% abundance of jassid population. But temperature had the most important effect which contributed 31.4% population fluctuation of jassid. Okra shoot and fruit borer population was the lowest during May and the highest at the end of June. There were non-significant relationship between okra shoot and fruit borer population and weather parameters. Multiple regression equation exerted 15.2% effect of weather parameters on okra shoot and fruit borer population abundance.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 493-499, September 2019
Egg deposition and weight loss of seeds by pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. on different genotypes of pulses
Authors: Ahmed S , Haque A , Mahmud H , Khalequzzaman KM
Published: October 2019

Lentil Lens culinarisMedik., mungbeanVignaradiata L. R. Wilczek, chickpea Cicer arietinum L. and blackgramVigna mungo L. Hepper of different genotypes were tested against pulse beetle, Callosobruchuschinensis L. in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh to evaluate the number of eggs deposition and percent weight loss of seeds. Maximum number of eggs (73.1) was oviposited on chickpea and minimum (19.5) was found on blackgram. The highest (19.9%) weight loss in seed was noted in chickpea and the lowest (7.6%) was recorded in blackgram. On the basis of weight loss of seed, blackgram and mungbean exhibited as tolerant genotype, lentil with moderately susceptible and chickpea as susceptible. Genotypes ML-22 of lentil, MC-21 of mungbean, Hyprosola of chickpea and MAK–1-79 of blackgram were found tolerant as compared to other tested genotypes considering the reduced number of egg deposition and lowest loss of seed weight. Evidently, the percent weight loss was marked as positive correlation with number of eggs deposition in all the genotypes and the regression line resulted in increasing the number of eggs laid with the increase in percent weight loss.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 513-524, September 2019
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF MENGGUNAKAN GEOGEBRA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL SISWA
Authors: Asryana Asryana , Sanapiah Sanapiah , Kinasih Indira Puteri
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan GeoGebra pada materi luas permukaan kubus dan balok untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial dan mengetahui kualitas media yang dikembangkan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE. Media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan GeoGebra untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial siswa SMP kelas VIII dikembangkan mengikuti model pengembangan ADDIE, yaitu: a) analysis: analisis kebutuhan yang mana menunjukan masih terbatasnya media pembelajaran, dan siswa belum dilibatkan secara aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, analisis teknologi GeoGebra digunakan sebagai software utama, dan analisis kurikulum sesuai dengan KTSP; b) design: pengumpulan refrensi, perancangan isi materi sesuai dengan aspek spasial dan flowchart untuk mempermudah pembuatan media pembelajaran; c)  development: pembuatan media pembelajaran, dan merevisi produk tahap I berdasarkan masukan validator; d) implemtation: uji coba untuk memperoleh keefektifan penggunaan media; e) evaluation: menganalisis keefektifan media pembelajaran. Objek penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan GeoGebra untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah lembar pengembangan media, lembar keefektifan media dan tes hasil belajar siswa. Hasil analisis pengembangang media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah: a) kevalidan dengan kriteria sangat valid dan valid berdasarkan penilaian ahli media dan ahli materi dengan skor masing-masing 81,05 dan 74,57. b) keefektifan dengan kriteria efektif berdasarkan penilaian siswa dengan skor 80,83 dan tes hasil belajar dengan persentase 62,91%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan media pembelajaran telah memenuhi kualitas valid dan efektif, serta dapat layak digunakan pada proses pembelajaran di sekolah.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM POSING TERHADAP KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA MAHASISWA
Authors: Pujilestari Pujilestari , Yuntawati Yuntawati
Published: October 2019

Type of this research is experimental research which aims to determine the effect of problem posing learning on mathematical communication of students prospective mathematics teacher at IKIP Mataram by calculus I module. This module developed by a problem posing approach that meets the criteria of being feasible, practical, and effective. The experimental design used was the type of Quasi Experimental Design and the design used was Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Data collection instruments included tests of mathematical communication skills, student response questionnaires, and lecturer response questionnaires. Based on the results of the hypothesis test analysis obtained a value with a significantlevel  or is . So that  it is rejected and accepted. So it can be concluded that Problem Posing Learning by using problem posing based I calculus module influences student mathematics communication and is effectively used in lectures
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI KONSEP SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINIER TIGA VARIABEL (SPLTV) BERDASARKAN TEORI APOS SISWA KELAS X IPS 1 MA TARBIYATUL MUSTAFID BATU RIMPANG
Authors: Wahyuningsih Hasbi , Nissa Ita Chairun , Yuntawati Yuntawati
Published: October 2019

This study aims to describe the ability of students to understand the concept of the Three Variable Linear Equation System (SPLTV) based on the APOS theory (Action, Process, Object and Schema) in students of MA Tarbiyatul Mustafid Batu Rimpang. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with 3 students subject taken from MA Tarbiyatul Mustafid Batu Rimpang students with high, medium and low ability categories. The results of the study show that highly capable subjects have an understanding of the stages of action, processes, objects and schemes. Subjects who are capable of having understanding at the stage of action, process, object and at the schematic stage students cannot design and complete the mathematical model they form. While low-ability subjects have an understanding of the stages of action, process, object but have not fully arrived at these stages because the subject made a mistake in the calculation process so that the solution given is wrong. The understanding possessed by students with moderate and low ability is the same at the scheme stage.
PLANILHA ELETRÔNICA PARA PLANEJAMENTO DE MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO TOMATE INDUSTRIAL EM GOIÁS
Authors: Miranda Raiane Ferreira , Alves Júnior José , Souza Rangel Gonçalves , Casaroli Derblai , Mesquita Márcio
Published: October 2019

O valor de uma estação meteorológica automática, a falta de homogeneidade das leituras de tensiômetros e de sondas para a obtenção da umidade do solo, bem como a dificuldade de programação e utilização de planilhas eletrônicas, são fatores que inviabilizam a adoção de técnicas para o manejo adequado da irrigação pelos tomaticultores. Como exemplo, nota-se que nem mesmo o método simplificado de manejo proposto pela Embrapa tem sido utilizado. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar o método simplificado proposto pela Embrapa, para cultura do tomate industrial, em uma planilha eletrônica de fácil acesso, compreensão, manuseio e interpretação dos resultados. A planilha utiliza como dados de entrada: municípios goianos, híbridos de tomateiro, data de transplantio, textura do solo, umidade inicial do solo, lâmina bruta e tempo mínimos referente a uma volta do pivô-central na máxima velocidade. Os dados de saída são: calendário de dias irrigados e regulagens do percentímetro em cada fase do desenvolvimento do tomateiro. A planilha eletrônica mostrou-se uma ferramenta prática, precisa, de fácil interação com o usuário e encontra-se disponível em: https://vertra18.blogspot.com.br/.
Phage-Antibiotic Combination Treatments: Antagonistic Impacts of Antibiotics on the Pharmacodynamics of Phage Therapy?
Authors: Abedon Stephen T.
Published: October 2019

Bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics. Even without changing genetically, bacteria also can display tolerance to antibiotic treatments. Many antibiotics are also broadly acting, as can result in excessive modifications of body microbiomes. Particularly for antibiotics of last resort or in treating extremely ill patients, antibiotics furthermore can display excessive toxicities. Antibiotics nevertheless remain the standard of care for bacterial infections, and rightly so given their long track records of both antibacterial efficacy and infrequency of severe side effects. Antibiotics do not successfully cure all treated bacterial infections, however, thereby providing a utility to alternative antibacterial approaches. One such approach is the use of bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria. This nearly 100-year-old bactericidal, anti-infection technology can be effective against antibiotic-resistant or -tolerant bacteria, including bacterial biofilms and persister cells. Ideally phages could be used in combination with standard antibiotics while retaining their anti-bacterial pharmacodynamic activity, this despite antibiotics interfering with aspects of bacterial metabolism that are also required for full phage infection activity. Here I examine the literature of pre-clinical phage-antibiotic combination treatments, with emphasis on antibiotic-susceptible bacterial targets. I review evidence of antibiotic interference with phage infection activity along with its converse: phage antibacterial functioning despite antibiotic presence.
The Long-Term Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi Antigens and DNA in the Tissues of a Patient with Lyme Disease
Authors: Sapi Eva , Kasliwala Rumanah S. , Ismail Hebo , Torres Jason P. , Oldakowski Michael , Markland Sarah , Gaur Gauri , Melillo Anthony , Eisendle Klaus , Liegner Kenneth B. , Libien Jenny , Goldman James E.
Published: October 2019

Whether Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, can persist for long periods in the human body has been a controversial question. The objective of this study was to see if we could find B. burgdorferi in a Lyme disease patient after a long clinical course and after long-term antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we investigated the potential presence of B. burgdorferi antigens and DNA in human autopsy tissues from a well-documented serum-, PCR-, and culture-positive Lyme disease patient, a 53-year-old female from northern Westchester County in the lower Hudson Valley Region of New York State, who had received extensive antibiotic treatments during extensive antibiotic treatments over the course of her 16-year-long illness. We also asked what form the organism might take, with special interest in the recently found antibiotic-resistant aggregate form, biofilm. We also examined the host tissues for the presence of inflammatory markers such as CD3+ T lymphocytes. Autopsy tissue sections of the brain, heart, kidney, and liver were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical methods (IHC), confocal microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)/metagenomics. We found significant pathological changes, including borrelial spirochetal clusters, in all of the organs using IHC combined with confocal microscopy. The aggregates contained a well-established biofilm marker, alginate, on their surfaces, suggesting they are true biofilm. We found B. burgdorferi DNA by FISH, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and an independent verification by WGS/metagenomics, which resulted in the detection of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto specific DNA sequences. IHC analyses showed significant numbers of infiltrating CD3+ T lymphocytes present next to B. burgdorferi biofilms. In summary, we provide several lines of evidence that suggest that B. burgdorferi can persist in the human body, not only in the spirochetal but also in the antibiotic-resistant biofilm form, even after long-term antibiotic treatment. The presence of infiltrating lymphocytes in the vicinity of B. burgdorferi biofilms suggests that the organism in biofilm form might trigger chronic inflammation.
Waterjet Erosion Model for Rock-Like Material Considering Properties of Abrasive and Target Materials
Authors: Cha Yohan , Oh Tae-Min , Cho Gye-Chun
Published: October 2019

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of abrasive erosion considering the material properties of abrasives and targets. An abrasive particle erosion model considering energy transfer due to hardness differences was developed based on energy conservation using the correlation between volume removal and effective kinetic energy. To obtain the effective erosion kinetic energy of an abrasive, an acceleration model was derived for the abrasive particles, including terms describing the properties of the abrasive and fluid. The applicability of the suggested model was verified by comparing the brittle erosion results obtained using a previous theoretical approach to those of the present numerical analysis. The results obtained using the developed model exhibited good qualitative agreement with the brittle material erosion results. By evaluating acceleration and the erosion characteristics of an abrasive, the erosion performance could be predicted and optimized.
Estimating Road Segments Using Natural Point Correspondences of GPS Trajectories
Authors: Leichter Artem , Werner Martin
Published: October 2019

This work proposes a fast and straightforward method, called natural point correspondences (NaPoCo), for the extraction of road segment shapes from trajectories of vehicles. The algorithm can be expressed with 20 lines of code in Python and can be used as a baseline for further extensions or as a heuristic initialization for more complex algorithms. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We show that (1) the order of the points in a trajectory can be used to cluster points among the trajectories for road segment shape extraction and (2) that preprocessing using polygonal approximation improves the results of the approach. Furthermore, we show based on “averaging GPS segments” competition results, that the algorithm despite its simplicity and low computational complexity achieves state-of-the-art performance on the challenge dataset, which is composed of data from several cities and countries.
Artificial Intelligence & Popular Music: SKYGGE, Flow Machines, and the Audio Uncanny Valley
Authors: Avdeeff Melissa
Published: October 2019

This article presents an overview of the first AI-human collaborated album, Hello World, by SKYGGE, which utilizes Sony’s Flow Machines technologies. This case study is situated within a review of current and emerging uses of AI in popular music production, and connects those uses with myths and fears that have circulated in discourses concerning the use of AI in general, and how these fears connect to the idea of an audio uncanny valley. By proposing the concept of an audio uncanny valley in relation to AIPM (artificial intelligence popular music), this article offers a lens through which to examine the more novel and unusual melodies and harmonization made possible through AI music generation, and questions how this content relates to wider speculations about posthumanism, sincerity, and authenticity in both popular music, and broader assumptions of anthropocentric creativity. In its documentation of the emergence of a new era of popular music, the AI era, this article surveys: (1) The current landscape of artificial intelligence popular music focusing on the use of Markov models for generative purposes; (2) posthumanist creativity and the potential for an audio uncanny valley; and (3) issues of perceived authenticity in the technologically mediated “voice”.
Lower Atmosphere Meteorology
Authors: García M. Ángeles , Pérez Isidro A.
Published: October 2019

The Atmosphere Special Issue “Lower Atmosphere Meteorology” comprises thirteen original papers dealing with different meteorological processes that occur in the layer of the atmosphere close to the surface and which can greatly affect living beings and materials [...]
Downscaling Precipitation in the Data-Scarce Inland River Basin of Northwest China Based on Earth System Data Products
Authors: Zuo Jingping , Xu Jianhua , Chen Yaning , Wang Chong
Published: October 2019

Precipitation is a key climatic variable that connects the processes of atmosphere and land surface, and it plays a leading role in the water cycle. However, the vast area of Northwest China, its complex geographical environment, and its scarce observation data make it difficult to deeply understand the temporal and spatial variation of precipitation. This paper establishes a statistical downscaling model to downscale the monthly precipitation in the inland river basin of Northwest China with the Tarim River Basin (TRB) as a typical representation. This method combines polynomial regression and machine learning, and it uses the batch gradient descent (BGD) algorithm to train the regression model. We downscale the monthly precipitation and obtain a dataset from January 2001 to December 2017 with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km. The results show that the downscaling model presents a good performance in precipitation simulation with a high resolution, and it is more effective than ordinary polynomial regression. We also investigate the temporal and spatial variations of precipitation in the TRB based on the downscaling dataset. Analyses illustrate that the annual precipitation in the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains and the North Kunlun Mountains showed a significant upward trend during the study periods, while the annual precipitation in the central plains presented a significant downward trend.
Integrated Biobanking and Tumor Model Establishment of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Provides Excellent Tools for Preclinical Research
Authors: Mullins Christina S. , Micheel Bianca , Matschos Stephanie , Leuchter Matthias , Bürtin Florian , Krohn Mathias , Hühns Maja , Klar Ernst , Prall Friedrich , Linnebacher Michael
Published: October 2019

Over the time period from 2006 to 2017, consecutive patients operated on at the University Medical Center Rostock participated in the comprehensive biobanking and tumor-modelling approach known as the HROC collection. Samples were collected using strict standard operating procedures including blood (serum and lymphocytes), tumor tissue (vital and snap frozen), and adjacent normal epithelium. Patient and tumor data including classification, molecular type, clinical outcome, and results of the model establishment are the essential pillars. Overall, 149 patient-derived xenografts with 34 primary and 35 secondary cell lines were successfully established and encompass all colorectal carcinoma anatomic sites, grading and staging types, and molecular classes. The HROC collection represents one of the largest model assortments from consecutive clinical colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cases worldwide. Statistical analysis identified a variety of clinicopathological and molecular factors associated with model success in univariate analysis. Several of them not identified before include localization, mutational status of K-Ras and B-Raf, MSI-status, and grading and staging parameters. In a multivariate analysis model, success solely correlated positively with the nodal status N1 and mutations in the genes K-Ras and B-Raf. These results imply that generating CRC tumor models on the individual patient level is worth considering especially for advanced tumor cases with a dismal prognosis.
Understanding the Interplay between COX-2 and hTERT in Colorectal Cancer Using a Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Ayiomamitis Georgios D. , Notas George , Vasilakaki Thivi , Tsavari Aikaterini , Vederaki Styliani , Theodosopoulos Theodosis , Kouroumalis Elias , Zaravinos Apostolos
Published: October 2019

Background: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is involved in the initial steps of colorectal cancer (CRC) formation, playing a key role in the catalysis of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT or TERT) also plays an important role in colorectal cancer growth, conferring sustained cell proliferation and survival. Although hTERT induces COX-2 expression in gastric and cervical cancer, their interaction has not been investigated in the context of CRC. Methods: COX-2, PGE2 levels, and telomerase activity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and TRAP assay in 49 colorectal cancer samples. PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES3, TERT mRNA, and protein levels were investigated using RNA-seq and antibody-based protein profiling data from the TCGA and HPA projects. A multi-omics comparison was performed between PTGS2 and TERT, using RNAseq, DNA methylation, copy number variations (CNVs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and insertions/deletions (Indels) data. Results: COX-2 expression was positive in 40/49 CRCs, bearing cytoplasmic and heterogeneous staining, from moderate to high intensity. COX-2 staining was mainly detected in the stroma of the tumor cells and the adjacent normal tissues. PGE2 expression was lower in CRC compared to the adjacent normal tissue, and inversely correlated to telomerase activity in right colon cancers. COX-1 and COX-2 were anticorrelated with TERT. Isoform structural analysis revealed the most prevalent transcripts driving the differential expression of PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES3, and TERT in CRC. COX-2 expression was significantly higher among B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, mutant (BRAFmut) tumors. Kirsten ras oncogene (KRAS) mutations did not affect COX-2 or TERT expression. The promoter regions of COX-2 and TERT were reversely methylated. Conclusions: Our data support that COX-2 is involved in the early stages of colorectal cancer development, initially affecting the tumor’s stromal microenvironment, and, subsequently, the epithelial cells. They also highlight an inverse correlation between COX-2 expression and telomerase activity in CRC, as well as differentially methylated patterns within the promoter regions of COX-2 and TERT.
Unsteady Flow Loss Mechanism and Aerodynamic Improvement of Two-Stage Turbine under Pulsating Conditions
Authors: Zhao Rongchao , Li Weihua , Zhuge Weilin , Zhang Yangjun
Published: October 2019

The developments of two-stage turbocharging and turbocompounding promote the application of the two-stage turbine system in internal combustion engines. Since the turbine suffers from the pulsating exhaust, the performance deteriorates significantly from steady conditions. In the paper, the pulsating flow losses in the two-stage turbine are analyzed and a control method is proposed to improve the turbine performance. ANSYS CFX, which is a commercial software for computational fluid dynamic, is applied to resolve the three-dimensional unsteady flow problem. The accuracy of the simulation method is verified by the experimental data from each turbine. Firstly, the impacts of pulse amplitudes on transient loss of each component of the two-stage turbine are studied. Then flow field analysis is carried out to understand details of the unsteady flows. It is found that the variation of incidence angle at the low-pressure turbine (LPT) rotor tip is significantly larger than that at rotor hub, which causes severe flow loss near leading edge. As a result, the LPT performance drops down significantly. To improve the LPT performance, the blade shape at tip is modified. The aerodynamic performances of turbines with three different shapes under high- and low-load pulsating flow conditions are evaluated. It is found that increased inlet blade angle and medium thickness achieves good aerodynamic performance. The rotor averaged efficiency is improved by 2.27% under high-load pulsating condition.