bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agnikarma with Adjuvant Drug in the Management of Frozen Shoulder (Avabahuka) – A Case Report
Authors: Kapadiya Manisha , Joshi Foram , Dudhamal T. S.
Published: May 2022

Agnikarma is superior to all parasurgical interventions narrated by father of surgery. Avabahuka can be correlated with frozen shoulder that affects routine activity by painful shoulder and restricted shoulder joint movements. This case report is an evidence to support alternative therapy in the management of frozen shoulder. A 50-year-old female presented with a 1 year history of gradual onset of painful restricted movements of the right shoulder, radiating pain from the right shoulder to elbow joint. The patient was diagnosed as a case of frozen shoulder and was treated with four sittings of Bindu Dagdha Agnikarma with Pachadhatu Shalaka along with orally Dashmooladi kwatha 50 ml at evening with empty stomach once daily and Haritaki Churna 3 g with lukewarm water at bed time for 28 days. After completion of the treatment, the patient got relieved from pain and restricted shoulder joint movement along with improvement in complete abduction, flexion, extension, adduction, and external rotation. Promising role of Agnikarma and adjuvant medicines is supposed to subside Vata Kapha dominant Sthanika Shotha (localized swelling) and as a result of this, it may have improved the shoulder joint movements.
In Vitro Assessment of Herbal Topical Ethosomal Gel Formulation for the Treatment of Acne vulgaris
Authors: Hyder Imran , Naseer Arif , Ahmad Adil
Published: May 2022

Anti-acne herbal formulations are utilized for the treatment of acne vulgaris with the additional benefit of not creating adverse effects, unlike synthetic drugs. Phytoconstituents present in methanolic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. An approved UV spectrophotometer confirmed the presence of glycyrrhizin in these extracts. Extracts loaded with Carbopol 940 were utilized for the preparation of herbal drug-loaded ethosomal gel formulations (EF1, EF2, and EF3) at various times and followed the assessment of ethosomal gel formulation. The evaluation of ethosomal gel formulation done by pH, viscosity, spreadability, texture analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, FT-IR spectral analysis, in vitro drug release study, and antioxidant activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Herbal ethosomal gel formulation demonstrated antibacterial potential and was additionally assessed for skin permeation by gamma scintigraphy utilizing hydrophilic radiotracer 99mTc-DTPA and lipophilic radiotracer 99mTc-MIBI. Significant permeation (1.3 μg/mg) was seen with a hydrophilic radiotracer named 99mTc-DTPA-PHF and this proposed that the formulation was equipped with sustained drug delivery for the treatment of moderate to an extreme type of acne.
An Analytical Study of Angular Kinematical Variables during Execution of Toe-touch Skill among Various Levels Kabaddi Players – A Pilot Study
Authors: Ram Jasvir , Singh Joseph
Published: May 2022

Aim of Study: The aim of this study was to find out the difference in selected angular kinematical variables during the execution of toe-touch skill among various level kabaddi players (raiders). Material and Methods: Twenty male raiders were selected for this study. The age of the subjects was ranged between 18 to 25 years. Selected angular kinematical variables: leading leg ankle joint, trailing leg ankle joint, leading leg knee joint, trailing leg knee joint were measured by Kinovea software. The normality of data was tested by Shapiro-Wilk test. One-way analysis of variance was applied to find out the difference for selected variables between various groups for normal data. Post-hoc test was applied for pairwise comparison. Kruskal Wallis test was applied for non-normal data. Results: Kruskal Wallis revealed that there was no significant difference in case of leading leg ankle joint (p = .231), leading leg knee joint (p = .163) and trailing leg knee joint (p = .785) variables among various levels kabaddi players during the execution of toe-touch skill. ANOVA revealed that there was significant difference in case of trailing leg ankle joint (p = .011) variable among various levels kabaddi players during the execution of toe-touch skill. Conclusion: The study concludes that junior national level raiders possess highest angle at trailing leg ankle joint during the execution of toe touch skill.
Activity of Different Shoulder Muscles during Dynamic Bear Crawl Exercise
Authors: Pachava Srinivasa Rao , Yadav Dharamveer
Published: May 2022

Comparative repeated-measure study done on 21 healthy male subjects to compare electromyographic (EMG) activity of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles during push-up plus (PUP) and dynamic bear crawl (DBC) exercises. The subjects performed PUP and DBC exercises 3 times on a stable surface. Surface EMG activity of the SA, UT, MT, and LT was collected from the dominant arm and presented as a percentage of the maximal voluntary contraction. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with a Friedman’s test was performed to compare differences in EMG activity of SA, UT, MT, and LT during PUP and DBC exercises. The SA and UT activities were significantly greater during the DBC exercise. LT and MT muscle activities were significantly greater during the PUP exercise. The peak and average SA and UT activity were greatest during the DBC exercise on a static stable surface. This result indicates that DBC exercise on the static stable surface is more effective to activate the SA and UT.
Identification of Factors for Cessation of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers of Infants
Authors: Sumathy P. , Rajeswari S. , Priyalatha G.
Published: May 2022

Background: For the healthy growth of a child, it is essential that the child be breastfed exclusively for 6 months and continued up to 2 years of their age. Although the practice of breastfeeding is common in India, the District Level Household and Facility Survey showed that the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) dropped from 63% <1 month to 49% under 3 months and 32% under 5 months. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the factors for cessation of EBF among mothers in Puducherry. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study where 80 mothers of infants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. Fifteen factors addressing the main reasons for cessation of EBF were developed. Results: The results revealed that during the 1st month, 78 (97.5%) of the mothers provided EBF, during the 2nd month, 87.5% of the mothers provided EBF, and during the 3rd, 4th, and 5th month, 80%, 54%, and 26% of the mothers provided EBF, respectively. The factors leading to cessation of EBF by mothers were not having sufficient milk (77.5%), going back to work (51%), had too many household chores (60%), felt tired due to breastfeeding (42.5%) and baby-centered factors such as baby continuing to remain hungry even after taking breastfeed (51%), baby failed to breastfeed (47.5%), and baby not gaining adequate weight (48.5%). Conclusion: EBF continues to be low among the mothers. Strategies need to be undertaken to improve EBF.
Development of Super Food Nutri Rich Bar
Authors: Niharika M. , Sireesha G. , Madhavi D. , Sumalatha S. V.
Published: May 2022

The term “super food” has become a buzzword in the language of food and health. Going for healthy snack is always a wiser choice in comparison to choosing unhealthy and junk food potions. A super food bar was developed by blending the chia seeds, flax seeds, and watermelon seeds with dates and other ingredients in three different variations. The nutrient composition, sensory qualities, and storage characteristics of the product were analyzed. The developed bar was evaluated for sensory attributes, and the keeping quality was evaluated by standardized methods. Organoleptic evaluation showed significant difference between the variations and variation-3 obtained highest score. The nutrient composition of the finalized product as follows: protein 11.7 g, fat 20.8 g, calcium 230.6 mg, iron 5.6 mg, ω-3 fatty acids 6.46 mg, and dietary fiber 11.84 g/100 g of bar. Shelf life of the product was about 45 days under normal conditions when stored in refrigeration condition. The work indicates the potential of using of chia seeds, flax seeds, and watermelon seeds develop nutri rich bar for all age groups.
“Taboos and Myth” – Indispensable Part of Menstruation: An Overview
Authors: Ganguly Lopamudra , Satpati Lakshminarayan , Nath Sreeparna
Published: May 2022

Menstruation is a physiological condition for women in their life span. Menstruation is a common fact as blood from the uterus passes into the vaginal canal. It is a normal phase that begins in girls between the ages of 11 and 14 and is one of the first signs of puberty. It has, however, still been surrounded by taboos and myths that keep women out of certain facets associated with this issue. Many societal taboos regarding menstruation affect women’s emotional well-being, mindset, lifestyle, and, most importantly, health. As a result, a strategic approach to combating these issues is very much required. This paper aims to discuss common menstruation myths and taboos in various parts of the world. This issue also creates a significant impact on women’s sociocultural lives. Even though it is a disorder that only affects females, it has always been shrouded in mystery and myth. Menstruation taboos keep women out of certain facets of social and cultural life. This restriction spreads potential negativity from the grassroot level.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptoms on First Wave and Second Wave: An Overview
Authors: Jamsheela O.
Published: May 2022

During this decade, a fast spreading threat coronavirus has to infect human populations. This virus was first identified in Wuhan, China, in humans exposed to a seafood market. The virus is officially called 2019-novel coronavirus. The studies conducted during its initial outbreak show that human-to-human transmission was limited or non-existent, but it was not a correct assumption. Recently, the virus is reported in almost all the countries and territories. It is the third epidemic caused by coronavirus in the 21st century, already surpassing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in the number of individuals infected. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that as of 6:19 pm CEST, June 11, 2021, there have been more than 174 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including more than 3 million deaths, reported to the WHO. Many research works have been published and actively conducting on the threatening spread of the virus. The main symptoms of COVID‐19 included fever, fatigue, and cough, which are similar to that of SARS‐CoV- and MERS‐CoV-infected cases. Much literature reported various symptoms of COVID‐19, but the comprehensive review is few. The purpose of the paper is primarily to review the symptoms of different waves of COVID-19 infection. Awareness of the COVID-19 symptoms may help in early diagnosis, to control virus spread, and risk stratification.
Effectiveness of Virtual Teaching Tools on Knowledge and Practice of Biomedical Waste Management among Housekeeping Staff of a Tertiary Care Centre, Rishikesh
Authors: Narayan Dev , Saini Meena , Kaur Manpreet , Paliyan Nidhi , Horo Manorma , Rawat Neha , Saini Monika , Manisha S. , Vaid Nevia , Rawat Neha , Kuppuswamy Rajarajeswari
Published: May 2022

Background: The present bio-medical waste (BMW) practices, setup, and framework explored that almost 82% of primary, 60% of secondary, and 54% of tertiary health-care facilities had no trustworthy BMW management system. This study aimed to improve the knowledge and practice of BMW management among housekeeping staff of a tertiary care center, Rishikesh. Materials and Methods: One group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted on 139 housekeeping staff. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist through the interview method was used for data collection. Virtual teaching tools (video about BMW management and e-pamphlet) were developed for the study and used. Results: After the intervention, in post-test it was found that the majority of participants had excellent knowledge (111; 79.8%), some (24; 17.3%) had good, and only few (4; 2.9%) had moderate knowledge. None of the participants were found to have poor knowledge after the intervention. There is significant difference in pre-existing (15.89 ± 2.49) and post-test (21.20 ± 4.61) knowledge score, pre-existing practice (21.67 ± 2.13), and post-test (24.95 ± 2.42) practice. There was association between educations their work area with knowledge and significant relationship between work area and past training programs with practice. There is a significant correlation between pre-test knowledge and practice (p=0.00) and post-test knowledge and practice (P = 0.01). Conclusion: It is evident that a virtual teaching tool that comprises video and e-pamphlet is useful in improving the knowledge and practice of housekeeping staff on BMW management.
Comprehensive Appraisal on Shodhana Methods of Precious Gemstone: Vajra (Diamond)
Authors: Parekh Dipali , Makawana Sarika , Patgiri Biswajyoti
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The Vajra (diamond) is mentioned under Ratna classification in Ayurveda classics. In Ayurvedic practice; Vajra Bhasma used for treating challenging diseases, that is, tumor (Arbuda), etc. In the market also, it is available easily. However, data for Vajra Shodhana (purifying process) or Marana (process of making Bhasma) have not been compiled till date. Hence, here, an attempt has been carried out to compile the data for Vajra Shodhana from different classical texts. Objective: The objective of the study was to formulate inclusive data of Vajra Shodhana recorded in various Ayurvedic texts. Data source: This review reveals the Shodhana methods and Shodhana media which comprise 49 various books, that is, Samhita, Chikitsa Grantha, Rasa Grantha, and e-Nighantus also referred for review. Review Methods: Information collected on knowledge of Vajra Shodhana from classical texts through the index of the same by searching word “Hiraka Shodhana,” “Vajra Shodhana,” and “Ratna Shodhana.” Briefly, chapters were referred for a gathering of data. Conclusion: It is observed that about 34 methods for Vajra Shodhana are used in classics. Among this mainly, all methods are divided into five basic principles behind that classification. Swedana (giving heat by suspension of the drug in liquid)-Nisechana (immersion of heated solid in liquid) are the single processes used for Shodhana. Rest three methods are a continuous process.
A Quick, Deployable, Online Health Survey in Public Health Research: Emerging Horizons of mHealth during Disasters
Authors: Muthusamy Ravi , Padmapriya V. M. , Jaganathasamy Nagaraj , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Radhakrishnan Kannan , Durairajan Chokkalingam , Ramasamy Sabarinathan , Aridoss Santhakumar , Vinod Viji , Eapen Alex , Arumugam Elangovan
Published: May 2022

Background: A nationwide lockdown in response to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted various health surveys. Limited movements due to restricted public-transports, and the need to maintain social-distancing, make data collection at the field site through conventional methods such as face-to-face interviews challenging. Objectives: The objective of the study was to overcome such issues, we document a complete online survey, using mobile technologies, for public health research, and deployable during disasters. Methods: The survey form was uploaded online, and for the 1st time in India, the participant information page, consent, and assent forms were also deployed online. Informed consent forms from participants were captured electronically as hand-drawn signatures. A structured, electronic-questionnaire was shared to the participants’ smartphones, and the collected data were stored in a server using Research Electronic Data Capture, real-time. Results: Within a short span of 10 days, 1985 participants from 31 states and union territories took part in the survey. Among those, 79% had completed the survey, and the rest quit the survey mostly during the “consenting” phase, especially when they were asked to sign the consent/assent forms (16%). About 62.5% of the participant graded the online survey as “much better” followed by 19.5% suggesting “somewhat better,” indicating a positive public perception regarding the online survey. Conclusion: The real-time online survey in health research was perceived to be better than the conventional method. In the digital era, employing mHealth technologies in health research will be a cost-effective methodological approach to obtain the expected research outcome, in a resource and time-limited setting.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract and its Antibacterial Study
Authors: Cibi R. Cibi , Devika N. S. , Sagar S. Kavya , Athulya S. , Balachandran M. Akhila , Roy Aleesha
Published: May 2022

Nanotechnology is the emerging branch in the field of science. The current study was conducted on plant-derived material for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using neem leaf extract. The flavonoid and terpenoids found in the extract behaved as a reducing and capping agent. Here, the formation of NPs occurred by the bioreduction of Ag salts into AgNPs by the addition of leaf extract. The reduction was validated by the change in color that is from pale green to brown. The ion to NP reduction occurred due to the natural reducing agent in the neem leaf extract. The functional group presents in the extract and AgNPs are investigated using Fourier transform infrared. The synthesized NPs have undergone characterization by ultraviolet spectrometry between 300 and 700 nm. The peak was spotted at 308 nm. Antibacterial properties of AgNPs were studied against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. From these results, it can be effectively reported that plant extract can be used in the synthesis of AgNPs and could be used for better results in future in the field of medicine, nano-related works, and so on.
The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy on Management of Mild Depression
Authors: Swarup Nupur
Published: May 2022

Depressive disorder constitutes a serious problem in the world, though the treatment of it leaves plenty of room for improved approaches. This article endeavors to dispel the myth and misconceptions concerning the use of Hypnosis in the treatment of depression, which can be used in the context of a wide range of therapeutic approach. Research was conducted on 15 depressive patients with mild depression, who were examined, interviewed and administered the therapy of hypnosis. The pre-treatment and post-treatment scores were noted and analyzed. The rate of depression lowered with no side effects. What works for depression of course marks the change in perception and affirmation with hypnotherapy.
An Overview on Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), Giloy Ghanvati with Emphasis on Hyperlipidemia, Immunity and Diabetes
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet , Singh Saurabh , Sabharwal Sakshi , Anand Nitika , Khanna Vibhu , Singh Dileep
Published: May 2022

Tinospora cordifolia is a strong and ancient remedy for a variety of ailments. To put it another way, we might assume that a single medication can treat a wide range of diseases. Amrita, which means divine nectar in Sanskrit, is the name given to this substance in honour of its ability to give the user youthfulness, stamina, and immortality. Giloy is identified in a broad sense in ayurvedic literature. Phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, calcium, and manganese seem to be micronutrients, and proteins are abundant in this vine. It also includes terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids, all optional plant metabolites. In general, it aids in the treatment of all cases of fever, cough, skin diseases, low platelet count, dengue, chikungunya, malaria, mutra vikar, madhumeha, swasa, rasayan, deepan, tridoshashamak, hridya rog. The study contains an analysis of the plant’s chemical structure and its pharmacological effect, properties, and therapeutic effectiveness of giloy-ghanvati in diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Potential Therapies of COVID-19 Drug - A Review
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Khurana Navneet , Kaur Ramandeep , Bhardwaj Suraj , Mehta Himani , Sharma Neha
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 or novel coronavirus 2019 is referred as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the infection(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Since the need for vaccine was critical, the government and private sector invested significantly more money in its growth. A questionnaire was distributed among people of different occupations within India and other countries to study the awareness of people on the potential therapies of COVID-19. The questionnaire was sent to 205 people and 201 responses were obtained and 4 were ignored. The study was made to analyze how many people are aware of the COVID-19 and its vaccines. We also studied and reviewed the potential therapies in COVID-19.
An Overview on “Boswellia serrata”
Authors: Chauhan Puneet , Singh Saurabh , Chauhan Shekher , Baghel Dileep S. , Kumar Kamal
Published: May 2022

“Boswellia serrata” is a herb used for ages in the Indian system of medicine and other systems of medicines across the world. It comes under the family “Burseraceae”. The Boswellia serrata is called by various local names in different regions, out of which “Kundur” “salai” “guggul” “Shallaki” are very prominently used. “Shallaki” is a widely used active ingredient in the “Unani” “Siddha” and “Ayurvedic” medicines oriented for the treatment of inflammation and pain. It is also used as a component to add fragrance to the products. Boswellia serrata plant contains oleo-gum resins and the ASU drug manufacturer mostly use this resin to prepare Boswellia-oriented drugs and this practice of using resin as the key component of drugs is very old and effective. In ancient ayurvedic texts, particular methods describe the extraction, purification, and usage of this oleo gum resin. Now in the modern era, when a lot of research has been done on this plant and its parts, this plant has come out to be even more important as it is found to be showing specific characteristics beneficial for treating illnesses such as dysentery, urinary tract disorders, hemorrhoids, ulcers, and dyspepsia. The present review provides an overview of some pharmacological activities and the importance of “Salaiguggal” or “ Boswellia serrata “. “Salai guggal” is rich in essential oils, and therefore, it becomes important for the perfume industries as its essential oils are soothing to smell and show therapeutic effects. The essential oils of Boswellia serrata are a mixture of different boswellic acids such as “mono-terpenes”, “di-tepenes” and “sesqui-terpenes”. Whereas the oleo gum resin of “ Boswellia serrata “ comprises monosaccharides such as pentose and hexose sugars. The oleo gum resin of this plant is highly recommended by almost every medical practitioner who deals in herbal medicines as it has shown a huge range of effective characteristics in asthma, cancer, microbial/fungal infections, inflammation, arthritis, diarrhea, and also as an analgesic. A proper systematic literature review was done using different databases that were available online like Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect.
Emerging Heterocyclic Compounds for the Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chaudhary Manish , Gupta Deepali , Chaudhury Saumik , Kaur Paranjeet
Published: May 2022

Background: This review is an overview of emerging heterocyclic compound classes that might give a safe and effective treatment for prostate cancer.Main body: Most heterocyclic compounds or heterocyclic fragments present in most of the anticancer pharmaceuticals presently in market and are versatile with unique physicochemical properties. Most of anticancer research is being capitalized on the intrinsic versatility and dynamic core of heterocyclic compounds. In this review we shall focus on moieties that are suitable for prostate cancer therapy along with addressing their biochemical modes of action, biological targets, structure-activity relationship and intrinsic drawbacks in the use of these compoundsConclusion: These classes and their derivatives discussed here might provide a novel drug therapy for cancer treatment.
Comparative Study on Nutritional Intake and Nutritional Status of Elective Pre- and Post-operative Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Pooja Ambati , Rajeswari M. , Malleswari A. Naga
Published: May 2022

Obesity is a global epidemic affecting populations worldwide. Bariatric surgery is effective in treating morbid obesity in individuals who fail to lose weight even after modifying lifestyle, dietary habits, and pharmacotherapy. To provide better health care management pre- and post-bariatric surgery, it is imperative to establish the nutritional status of patients before surgery. The aim of this study was to assess and compare pre- and post-surgery nutritional status of bariatric candidates. Obesity is the basis for cluster of non-communicable diseases creating an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden. For this, laparoscopic bariatric procedures; sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass, and Mini Gastric Bypass were done for treating obesity and other related co-morbidities. The medical records of 50 subjects were reviewed for this study. Mean age and body mass index are 42.2 ± 12.9 (kg/m2) and 42.77 ± 7.9 (kg/m2), respectively. The pre-surgery mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 3048 ± 485.4 (kcal/d), 200.4 ± 40.1 (g/d), 101.6 ± 17.02 (g/d), and 156.09 ± 108.4 (g/d), respectively, which were above Recommended Dietary Allowances. The mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat was significantly decreased post operatively (P > 0.001) to 1400 ± 99 (kcal/d), 132.1 ± 22.3 (g/d), 69.9 ± 3.6 (g/d), and 30.9 ± 6.4 (g/d), respectively. Low intake of fiber, Vitamin A (74%), and Vitamin C (32%) was observed during pre-operative condition. The findings in this study advocates nutritional intervention and tailored supplementation pre- and post-bariatric surgery for promising results.
Analysis of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Nagapattinam Coastal Waters, South East Coast of India
Authors: Vetriyazhagan S. , Ambiga S.
Published: May 2022

Heavy metals in ocean water which cause hazardous impact to the marine organisms. Effluent discharges from industries such as metal processing, paints and pigment production, and biocides production and through domestic sewage from nearby villages. Toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), Cr, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) emanate from these industries polluting seawater and paving the way for the many serious problems we face today. The current study focuses on the distribution of heavy metals between October 2016 and March 2017 in coastal waters in Tranquebar, Poraiyar, Kottucherry, and Karaikal, off the southeast coast of India. Four metals including Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were analyzed by a microwave assisted digestion and the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. These comments and subsequent considerations of this study help to manage the impact of pollution from wild and industrial sources into aquatic environments. Hence, the coastal regions needed throughout impoundment.
Guar gum: Properties and its Role in Pre-diabetes and Cholesterol – A Review
Authors: Grace J. Maryann , Karthiga K.
Published: May 2022

The guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is an erect annual legume and its grows about 2’–9’ high. The buds of these plants start out white and change into a light pink as the flower opens. These flowers then turn deep purple and are followed by fleshy seed pods, which are allowed to ripe and are harvested in summer. The gum extracted from the guar beans forms a gel in water, commonly referred to as guar gum. Guar is extremely draught resistant. The guar seeds used in making medicine are useful in pre-diabetic conditions and the early stages of late-onset diabetes. This review is incorporated with the uses of guar gum and its role in conditions such as pre-diabetes and cholesterol.
“A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Ebola Virus Disease among Nursing Students in Selected College of Nursing, Haridwar, Uttarakhand in a View to Develop Information Booklet”
Authors: Godiyal Pooja , Chitra K.
Published: May 2022

One of the true tests of headship is the skill to identify a problem before it becomes an emergency. Ebola virus also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever is rare but fatal illness. Ebola is named after the Ebola River in Zaire. It earliest emerged in Sudan and Zaire. These viruses are to be found in sun- Saharan Africa. This spreads through human to human transmission. It is transmitted to human population from wild animals such as fruit bats, chimpanzees, and monkeys. Often blood or body fluids of infected animals contains this virus and contact with it makes human vulnerable to Ebola virus disease (EVD). No vaccine as such available to combat this deadly disease. On the other hand, early detection of case and symptomatic treatment aid in fast recovery. The aim of the study was (1) to assess the knowledge regarding Ebola virus among nursing students, (2) to find association between knowledge score and demographic characteristics, and (3) to develop an information booklet on EVD based on knowledge of nursing students. Quantitative approach and descriptive design were used in the study. The study was conducted in Arihant College of Nursing, Haridwar. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from 60 subjects. Based on findings of the study, it was concluded that the mean knowledge score was 07.42 ± 2.28. A majority of subjects, 54 (90%) were having poor knowledge and 6 (10%) were having average knowledge regarding EVD. No subjects were having good knowledge regarding EVD. This study concluded that there is a need of upgrading knowledge and awareness regarding EVD among nursing students. Although it is not a disease of Asian region, chances of international spread are always there.
Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs through Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Recent Advancements
Authors: Pant Navin Chandra , Juyal Vijay
Published: May 2022

To date, the oral route is considered as a proffered route for drug delivery having high patient compliance. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the drug given through the oral route is hampered by its low solubility, low bioavailability, and stability issues in the harsh gastric environment. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a potential system that can overcome the oral bioavailability issues associated with poorly water-soluble drugs. The SLNs have both properties of lipid emulsion and polymeric nanoparticles and thus offer various benefits, such as high biocompatibility, biodegradability, protect the drug from degradation, improved drug stability in gastrointestinal tract, controlled drug release, avoid organic solvents, and ease of manufacturing. This review discussed the recent advancements in SLNs with regards to the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The key components and methods of preparation of SLNs were also discussed. To conclude, studies performed to date have shown promising results with SLNs in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs with a high degree of biocompatibility.
Formulation Development, Optimization, and Characterization of Cilnidipine-Loaded Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System
Authors: Anand Kumar , Karmakar Samit , Mandal Pallab , Shaharyar Md. Adil , Bhowmik Rudranil , Mondal Avishek , Ray Subhabrata , Karmakar Sanmoy
Published: May 2022

Cilnidipine, a 2, 4-dihydropyridine antihypertensive, is poorly bioavailable and belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II. The present study was carried out to develop and evaluate a cilnidipine-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using food grade oil for enhanced pharmacokinetic parameters. The SMEDDS was prepared by low-energy method. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram was developed using triacetin, Tween 20, and Transcutol HP as oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants, respectively. The statistically optimized formulation was obtained and was evaluated for relevant in vitro characterizations. Globule size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized formulation were found to be 9.045 nm, −2.32 mv and 0.203, respectively, indicating stable and uniformly distributed microemulsion nature of the formulation. Developed SMEDDS of viscosity 31 cps was found to be clear in 500 times dilution in water and phosphate buffer pH 1.2. Selection of the optimized SMEDDS was followed by various formulation characteristics, including goat intestinal membrane permeability. The in vitro dissolution study of optimized SMEDDS exhibited much better result as compared to the marketed tablet of cilnidipine.
Comparative Study of Teramnus labialis and Xanthium strumarium for Anti-Diabetic Property
Authors: Monica C. L. , Vishnuvardhan Z.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Plants have always been a very good source of drugs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8% of the world’s population. Hence in the present study, we intend to evaluate the antidiabetic property of the Teramnus labialis, Xanthium strumarium. Materials and Methods: T. labialis, Methyl extract Teramnus labialis (METL) and X. strumarium Methyl extract Xanthium strumarium (MEXS) were collected from hills of Tirupathi, dried, and powdered. Healthy male Wistar albino rats induced DM with the Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide and Alloxan induced model were studied on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 for the serum glucose (SG), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels. The observations were compared with the standard drugs Glibenclamide. Results: When extracts administered at low dose in combination exhibited a valuable synergistic activity on mean blood glucose levels, which were almost similar when these results compared with that of standard drug-treated animals. Conclusion: Both the plant extracts were safe in the combination and do not shown any toxicities or drug-related interactions but future pharmacokinetic studies required to validate the given result.
Effectiveness of Individual Nutritional Counseling in Improving Biochemical Indices and Nutrition Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Chaturvedi Anshu , Joshi Ila
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of nutritional counseling on biochemical parameters and nutrition knowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 70 CKD patients, stages 3 and 4, between 25 and 80 years of age. The baseline data were collected from Fortis Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, using interview schedule, which included information on demographic profile, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, medical history, and dietary pattern of the patients. The nutritional counseling was conducted in two phases, the first phase included counseling that was imparted to patients on the basis of their biochemical parameters, followed by monitoring for 4 weeks. Thereafter, second phase counseling, based on results obtained from the first phase, was imparted. The data were once again collected and analyzed after a period of 12 weeks. Results and Conclusion: Hypertensive nephropathy was the most common cause of CKD, followed by diabetes mellitus and glomerulonephritis. Anthropometric measurements showed little change in mean body mass index of the patients, post counseling, however, nonsignificant. On the other hand, a significant decrease was observed in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus levels. Nutritional counseling exhibited a strong positive impact on nutrition knowledge of CKD patients.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Neonatal Septicemia at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bindiya J. Ghedia , Shah Manish R.
Published: May 2022

Background: There is real shortage of national data on antimicrobial resistance rates in Indian neonates. A descriptive review was conducted to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance in isolates of blood stream infection among neonates in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from a period of March 1, 2014, to August 31, 2015. This is a non-randomized, prospective study in which 109 cases of suspected neonatal septicemia on the basis of antenatal high-risk factors and signs and symptoms of sepsis during this period were studied. Results: A total number of 109 neonates with clinically suspected neonatal septicemia were studied. Sixty-nine (63.3%) cases out of them were blood culture positive. Out of 69 positive cases, in one sample, two organisms were isolated. Hence, the total number of organisms was 70. Out of these 70 organisms, 44 were Gram-positive cocci, 23 were Gram-negative bacilli, and three were Candida spp. Gram-positive cocci were more sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, and clindamycin whereas Gram-negative bacilli were more sensitive to ampicillin, ofloxacin, and amikacin. Antimicrobial sensitivity of fungal isolates was not done as the antifungal discs were not available. Conclusion: The Gram-positive organisms are the frequent cause of neonatal septicemia so when neonatal septicemia is suspected, drugs of choice for Gram-positive organisms are linezolid, vancomycin, and clindamycin and for Gram-negative organism drugs of choice are ampicillin, ofloxacin, and amikacin.
Meal Pattern of Urban Adolescents of Different Socio-economic Status Groups in Delhi
Authors: Kamboj Preeti , Bhatia Neena , Toteja G. S.
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out on urban adolescents (n = 545, 11–18 years, 62.0% girls) residing in Delhi. Information pertaining to their detailed meal pattern was collected. Results: Approximately 75% adolescents from urban slums (US), low income group (LIG), and middle income group (MIG) were non-vegetarian. Highest percentage of vegetarians (27.4%) and ovo-vegetarians (19.9%) belonged to high income group (HIG). Adolescents from HIG reported the highest mean number of meals (weekdays - 5.16 ± 0.887 and weekends - 4.85 ± 1.026) and adolescents from LIG reported the lowest mean number of meals (weekdays - 4.31 ± 0.777 and weekends - 4.26 ± 0.846). Dinner was the main meal consumed by ≥99% adolescents from all four SES both on weekdays and weekends. Highest proportions of adolescents from LIG were consuming other main meals such as breakfast (97.8%) and lunch (97.0%) on weekdays and weekends. Adolescents from HIG reported the lowest daily breakfast consumption (68.5%) in comparison to other groups. Fixed times for main meals were reported by 62.6% and 54.5% adolescents on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Majority of adolescents having fixed times for main meals on weekdays and weekends belonged to HIG (74.0%) and MIG (61.5%), respectively. Majority of adolescents commonly skipping main meals on weekdays and weekends belonged to MIG (53.1%) and US (37.3%), respectively. It is found that the adolescents from LIG, who reported consuming the lowest mean total number of meals on weekends, also reported the lowest percentage of skipping main meals on weekends (21.5%).
Nutritional Assessment of Selected Emerging Adult Women with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Preetha N. , Ramaswamy Lalitha
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine conditions, usually begins in adolescence and prominent in more than 75% of the adult population. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of emerging adult women with PCOS. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the nutritional status of the selected emerging adult women with PCOS using anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical parameters. Methodology: Prospective interventional design was adopted in the study to test the hypothesis framed and stated above. Emerging adult women between 18 and 23 years of age and who were free from other diseases were included for the study from SRHER (DU) and a working women hostel (Vaanavil Hostel) in Porur, Chennai. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical assessment were performed for 57 selected emerging adult women “at risk” for PCOS. Results: The mean height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and WHR of 57 “at risk” emerging adult women was found to be, 160.4± 6.7 cms, 60.7 ± 7.5 kg, 23.6 ± 2.9, 95.9 ± 10.6 cm, 119.1 ± 13.0 cm, and 0.80 ± 0.05, respectively. The mean biochemical parameters, namely, FBS, fasting insulin, total testosterone, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and TGL were 98.4 ± 19.7 (mgs/dl), 13.04 ± 6.4 (mcU/ml), 30.9 ± 13.6 (ng/dl), 170.2 ± 36.3 (mgs/dl), 47.7 ± 7.9 (mgs/dl), 115 ± 26.9 (mgs/dl), and 173.5 ± 43.2 (mgs/dl), respectively. It was observed that 25 (44%) had acne, 16 (33%) had hirsutism, 2 (4%) had dark discoloration of the skin, and 5 (9%) had both acne and hirsutism. Conclusion: The mean height was within the standard range; however, the body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and WHR were higher. The mean biochemical parameters analyzed were within the normal range. Acne, hirsutism, and dark patches were observed.
A Review of Non-invasive Electromagnetic Blood Glucose Monitoring Techniques
Authors: Sutradhar Dipankar , Hazarika Durlav
Published: May 2022

Diabetes is a big concern worldwide, and the International Diabetes Federation estimates there are over 450 million diabetics throughout the world. Researchers have been exploring a rapid and easy technique of calculating blood glucose. We already have reliable tests with improved precision for sensing blood glucose, but it comes with the expense of discomfort and agony because of employing a pricking needle. Technologies established during the previous few decades strive for a painless gadget that can be used as often as possible, dependable, efficient, and accurate. Most importantly, it must be straightforward to use with minimal hassles. This evaluation attempts to give the breakthroughs at present being researched for non-invasive electromagnetic (EM) glucose monitoring systems. This study acknowledges features and possibilities of accessible EM glucose monitoring techniques, just as basic qualities and execution elements for an ideal non-invasive instrument.
A Cross-sectional Study of Factors associated with Health Seeking Behaviors of Nomadic Tribes 20 to 60 Aged People in the Area of Medchal Telangana State
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Prasad M. Surya Durga
Published: May 2022

Background: Health seeking behavior (HSB) is outlined as “any activity undertaken by people WHO known themselves, to have a health problem or to be sick for the aim of finding an acceptable remedy.” The tribes WHO aren’t recognized by the Govt. and don’t have Govt. identity such as Aadhaar and citizen id and other people those who are migrating from one place to totally different place are known as unsettled tribes or nomadic tribes. Objectives: (1) To assess the HSB of nomadic tribes of Medchal Telangana. (2) To find out the factors Associated to HSB within the nomadic tribes. Methodology: The study has been meted out among nomadic tribe people of Medchal district. Pre-tested structured questionnaires are going to assess the HSB of nomadic tribes and to see the factors associated to HSB of the nomadic tribes. Results: During this study total 100 respondents out of 100 are interviewed, during this study men are 58% (n = 58) and ladies are 42% (n = 42). From those 100 respondents, 15 respondents are plagued by chronic illness and from 4 respondents aren’t taking any treatment and remaining 11 respondents are seeking allopathic treatment. There is less association between chronic illness of HSB of nomadic tribes and associated factors, because the P > 0.05 and high association between acute illness of HSB and associated factors, because the P < 0.05. Conclusion: Nomadic tribe people are conscious of chronic health illness but not acute illness, so HSB of chronic illness is more than acute illness.
Water Birth
Authors: Bhardwaj Sameeksha , Goarya Tripti
Published: May 2022

A variety of birthing options is available today. Depending on the preference and the health of mother and baby, a mother may choose to deliver in the hospital, at a birthing center or at home. Beyond location, more and more women are choosing water births as the way their babies enter the world. A doctor, nurse-midwife, or midwife helps the mother through it. Midwives, birthing centers, and a growing number of obstetricians believe that reducing the stress of labor and delivery will reduce fetal complications.
Prevalence and Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome among Young Females in Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Sahu Riddhi , Barnwal Suresh Lal , Vishvakarma Santosh
Published: May 2022

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), often known as premenstrual tension, is a set of physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms that women experience in the luteal phase of menstrual cycle (7–10 days before menstruation). The aim of the present study is to find out the prevalence of PMS in young females quantitative approach with descriptive research design was adopted and study samples was chosen by purposive research sampling. The data were collected from Pt. Ravishankar University through the fourth edition of Menstrual Distress questionnaire published in 2010 by Rudolf H. Moos. The collected data were analyzed by a descriptive statistical method. 500 girls were selected for the study. Who has reached menarche, their menarche were (12.29 ± 1.49) and is between the ages of 18 and 28 (22.81 ± 2.29). The result indicates that 13%, 13.60%, and 11.40% of girls are suffering from mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of PMS. The most affected symptoms were Behavioral changes (7.05 ± 4.57), arousal (7.08 ± 4.06), and negative effects (7.03 ± 4.88). Other symptoms were autonomic reaction (4.96 ± 2.89), water retention (4.88 ± 2.6), pain (5.5 ± 2.54), control (5.5 ± 3.59), and impaired concentration (6.48 ± 5.86). The overall mean was 47.91, with a standard deviation of 13.16, indicating that the majority of the girls experienced some form of menstrual discomfort. PMS has an impact on everyday activities and quality of life. It’s also linked to social advancement and financial costs. Hence, there is a need for awareness of PMS and its management.
Quality and Content of Online Information Related to “Immunity Boosting” During COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison of Google and DuckDuckGo
Authors: Shrivastava Anu , Agarwal Aparna , Jain Swati
Published: May 2022

Use of internet for assessing health-related information has been growing exponentially in the past few years. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of information on the websites on Google and DuckDuckGo. A total of 120 URLs were recorded from Google and DuckDuckGo using the search terms “immunity booster,” “immunity boosting foods,” and “immunity boosting drinks.” These were rated by three independent raters using DISCERN tool. The average ratings for the DISCERN questions were in the range of 2.01–3.82. More than 85% of the websites were of moderate quality. There was excellent inter-rater reliability among the raters. About 47% of the websites depicted immunity boosting as beneficial. About 11% of the websites recommended use of supplements for immunity boosting. Diet, exercise, and adequate sleep were the most commonly recommended strategies for immunity boosting. Vitamin C, Vitamin A, and gingerol were the most commonly recommended dietary components for immunity boosting. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the quality of websites on Google and DuckDuckGo. Most of the websites suffered from shortcomings in the quality of information based on DISCERN quality criteria.