bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arrow IFPA Series: Note 2 of 8: Developing criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management in the Arrow Forest District
Authors: Robinson Nicole
Published: November 2022

This extension note is the second in a series of eight that describes a set of tools and processes developed to support sustainable forest management (SFM) planning and its pilot application in the Arrow Timber Supply Area (TSA). It outlines the development of criteria and indicators (C&I), which focus on explicitly defined goals and an objective means of determining success in meeting these goals. Criteria and indicators are used to evaluate the long-term sustainability of forest management through decision support in planning processes and through monitoring and adaptive management activities. The C&I for the Arrow TSA were based on the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers framework and were refined to address specific local issues through an iterative process that included input and review by professionals, academics, and forestry practitioners, and evaluation by stakeholders. The development process was guided by two directives: that performance-based indicators be emphasized and that these indicators should be credible, measurable, cost-effective, and connected to forestry. The resulting C&I are preliminary—their evolution is shaped by testing and application in forest management planning, and by continuing public review.
Arrow IFPA Series: Note 6 of 8: Criterion 2: Ecosystem productivity
Authors: Seely Brad , Welham Clive , Kimmins Hamish
Published: November 2022

This extension note is the sixth in a series of eight that describes a set of tools and processes developed to support sustainable forest management (SFM) planning and its pilot application in the Arrow Timber Supply Area (TSA). It describes the criterion and two of the indicators selected to set thresholds and evaluate potential impacts on ecosystem productivity for an SFM scenario for the Lemon Landscape Unit. The note also summarizes the analysis results obtained when an ecosystem-based simulation model (FORECAST) was used to examine the effects of varying rotation length on measures of selected indicators of long-term ecosystem productivity for representative site types.The analysis considered changes in site index, soil organic matter (SOM), and site nitrogen (N) capital on poor-, medium-, and good-quality sites, and evaluated the utility of these measures in assessing and monitoring the effects of different intensities of stand management (as reflected in harvest rotation length) on ecosystem productivity.Shortening the rotation lengths increased losses of SOM and site N. The poor site showed smaller relative changes in both of these measures when compared to the good and medium sites. This suggests that different sustainability thresholds may be warranted for locations with different site qualities. Shortened rotation lengths had little effect on stemwood production (a proxy for site index), but the reduction in SOM and site N capital would likely translate into a decrease in ecosystem resiliency. Both SOM and N capital are important indicators for evaluating the sustainability of site productivity under alternative management practices. The model results highlight the value of using a multi-indicator approach when evaluating the sustainability of site productivity under alternative management practices.
A review and synthesis of social indicators for sustainable forest management
Authors: Harshaw H. W. , Sheppard Stephen , Lewis J. L.
Published: November 2022

This review synthesizes some of the main themes of social sustainability indicators for forest management, and addresses conceptual categories, issues, and limitations associated with the use of social indicators. Socio-cultural values and conditions associated with quality of life, public access to non-market benefits and resources, governance, and community stability are discussed. The paper illustrates how a selection of social indicators has been prescribed and used within various sustainable forest management (SFM) systems of criteria and indicators (c&I) at different scales from the international to the local in British Columbia. Social indicators are, in general, weakly developed relative to ecological and economic indicators. Standard c&I systems often omit crucial social indicators, or include them without specific definitions or measurable benchmarks. Recommendations are made for future research that examines the fundamental nature of social indicators and their underlying cause-and-effect relationships, and supports improved methods and tools for integrating social indicators into forest management and decision making. The role of forestry in contributing to broader social indicators, such as sense of place and community cohesion, needs to be clarified.
British Columbia's Northeastern Forests: Aspen Complex Stand Establishment Decision Aid
Authors: McCulloch Larry , Kabzems Richard
Published: November 2022

Aspen (Populus tremuloides) is the most widely distributed tree species in North America and can be found from the McKenzie Delta to northern Mexico. Its range in British Columbia is restricted to the Interior except for the east coast of Vancouver Island and along the Skeena, Kitimat, and Fraser rivers where it extends to the mouth of the river. In recent years, utilization of the species has increased dramatically, particularly in northeastern BC where aspen is the main fibre source for several OSB and veneer mills. Other aspen products include: dimension lumber, paper, molded wood composites, molding and trim, crates, pallets, pellets, chop sticks, fruit and vegetable boxes, furniture, fuel, and forage for livestock. The combined AAC for deciduous species in the Dawson Creek, Fort St. John, and Fort Nelson TSAs is almost 2 million m3/year. In 2006, the shipment value for OSB and aspen veneer produced in BC was $2.2 billion. Aspen can be an aggressive competitor for conifer species (particularly in the Black and White Boreal Spruce zone) but it also provides many non-timber services and is considered to be an acceptable crop tree and commercial species in a number of TSAs in the province. This Stand Establishment Decision Aid (SEDA) provides information to help forest managers in northern BC understand how to manage aspen for timber production as well as how to manage it when it is not regarded as a crop species. The following pages describe: the environmental conditions in which it is found; tree and stand regeneration; growth and yield; effects on crop trees and forest productivity; forest health considerations; management practices; and other values and benefits associated with aspen. The synopsis also includes a short list of references for further reading. For information on managing aspen in the Southern Interior of BC, see Swift and Turner (2004). Information in this document is based on a review of the pertinent literature and expert opinion.
The Shelterwood Silvicultural System in British Columbia –A Practitioner’s Guide. Part 2: The Interplay of Stand Dynamics, Disturbance, and Regeneration
Authors: Day Ken , Koot Cathy , Wiensczyk Alan
Published: November 2022

Partial cutting, including shelterwood systems, is gaining profile after a long silvicultural history of clearcutting with artificial regeneration in British Columbia. The use of silvicultural systems that employ partial cutting requires good knowledge of the principles of silviculture. In particular, fundamentals about stand dynamics (changes in stand structure over time, including the effects of disturbance) and regeneration ecology are essential knowledge when managing stands for specific objectives, for they give us the ability to manipulate stands in predictable ways. This, the second in a series of three extension notes about the shelterwood silvicultural system, reviews the fundamentals necessary for the application of silvicultural systems involving partial cutting.
Field staff perspectives on managing climate change impacts in parks and protected areas.
Authors: Wright Pamela
Published: November 2022

Within protected areas, the impacts of climate change have been the subject of discussion for over two decades. Reported impacts included changes to species and habitat distributions, sea level rise, glaciation and snow packs, hydrologic processes, and disturbance patterns. As part of a project to develop a long-term ecological change monitoring program for BC Parks that had a specific focus on climate change, a series of focus group interviews and an electronic survey of field staff were conducted. Field staff throughout the province reported observing a wide range of ecological and social impacts from climate change with projected increases in the future. Support for monitoring these impacts was strong as was invasive species removal. Findings illustrate the need for clarified policy and planning direction; habitat and species vulnerability assessments; education and experimentation with various mitigation and adaptation techniques; and implementation of a comprehensive monitoring program.
Okanagan Invitation Drought Tournament, November 2012
Authors: Lapp Suzan
Published: November 2022

n/a
Cooperação entre países do arco norte brasileiro: uma análise sobre acordos de municípios brasileiros de fronteira em termos de saúde
Authors: Borges Quintana Glênio , Hermany Ricardo
Published: November 2022

São analisados no artigo quatro acordos entre Brasil e países do Arco Norte, respectivamente Peru, Colômbia, Guiana e Guiana Francesa. Considerando as dificuldades relacionadas à saúde, e levando em conta a descentralização e o princípio da subsidiariedade como forma de criação de políticas públicas, o objetivo principal é responder: quais são as ações em políticas públicas cooperadas previstas nos acordos para atender as populações do Brasil e de países que compõem o Arco Norte em termos de saúde pública? O estudo é realizado utilizando o método de abordagem dedutivo e de procedimento bibliográfico. Portanto, o artigo divide-se nos seguintes momentos: primeiramente é abordado a descentralização como forma de melhor atender as necessidades populares, juntamente com o princípio da subsidiariedade; em um segundo momento faz-se um estudo de como a visão sobre a faixa de fronteira evoluiu ao passar dos anos; finaliza-se o artigo apresentando os acordos relacionados à saúde celebrados entre Brasil e países do Arco Norte com uma análise comparativa da efetividade dos acordos no combate às adversidades dos municípios fronteiriços. Conclui-se que os acordos possuem em comum o objetivo de coordenar políticas públicas de cooperação entre municípios para resolver demandas referentes à saúde, porém um está mais completo e não possui os vícios dos demais.
A experiência de ser paciente simulado durante a formação na área da saúde
Authors: Osório Maria Eduarda Melo , Osternack Karyna Turra , Mello Rosiane Guetter , Wos Wanderlei Silvano , Mendes Juliana Ollé
Published: November 2022

Simulation-based learning gains space in health education curricula with the use of simulated patients, providing students with skills development in a protected teaching-learning environment. The contact with a simulated situation stimulatesclinical skills training before the contact with real patients. The objective is to identify how the experience of being a simulated patient influences the academic formation of healthcare students. The method was exploratorydescriptive, with a quantitative approach, developed through cross-sectional research with a Likert scale questionnaire, applied through an online survey. This study evidenced that health students who participated in clinical simulations as Simulated Patients perceived benefits for their development as future professionals. Interpreting a clinical case arising from reality makes this learning more meaningful compared to a class with a traditional teaching method on the same subject
El Egipto faraónico y el Próximo Oriente Antiguo en el cine estadounidense de comienzos de la Guerra Fría (1945-1960)
Authors: GÓMEZ FERNÁNDEZ Eva , RODRÍGUEZ LAJUSTICIA Francisco Saulo
Published: November 2022

Acabada la Segunda Guerra Mundial en 1945, Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética iniciaron un periodo de tensión y enfrentamientos conocido como la Guerra Fría, que duró hasta los años noventa. El cine estadounidense aprovechó para transmitir las ideologías y mensajes políticos que interesaban al poder en películas ambientadas en la Antigüedad como Sansón y Dalila, Los diez mandamientos o Salomón y la reina de Saba. En este artículo se realiza un análisis del patrimonio cinematográfico de esta época como vehículo transmisor de ideologías del momento que fueron trasladadas a las épocas más remotas de nuestro pasado.
Effects of bio-oil - diesel blends: the performance and emissions of diesel engines with intake manifold variations
Authors: Majedi Farid , Arifin Agus Choirul , Salim Alfi Tranggono Agus , Prasetya Agus Ma’ruf
Published: November 2022

Alternative fuels such as vegetable oil, biodiesel, and bio-oil are potential alternatives for diesel engines. Bio-oil is one of the products of the decomposition process of chemical and organic matter by adding heating process without oxygen is called rapid pyrolysis. Bio-oil in the pyrolysis process is made from Brem waste. Brem is a typical food from the district of Madiun, Indonesia. This research is important because the switch from petroleum-sourced fuel to Bio-Oil oil cannot be automatically applied to diesel engines. Spray quality and combustion process, type and quality of fuel, and engine design and condition are some of the important parameters affecting diesel engine performance. Research data is very important because it can determine the intake manifold and the best bio-oil-diesel blends to be used in the operation of diesel engines with bio-oil-diesel blends. The research uses three variations of the intake manifold form. Variations of research with lamp loading of 650, 1300, 1950 and 2600 watts determine specific power and fuel consumption. Use an opacity smoke meter to determine the opacity of diesel engine exhaust gases. The fuel used is pure diesel fuel and Bio-Oil fuel B10, B15, and B20 resulting from the pyrolysis of Brem waste with a fuel volume of 25 ml for each research variable. The results of testing the intake manifold variation and the bio-oil-diesel blended are the intake manifold variation 1  with a fuel mixture variation of 20 % Bio-Oil - 80% pure diesel (B20), which has the best results both electric power, speciﬁc fuel consumption and opacity.
Defect classification of radius shaping in the tire curing process using Fine-Tuned Deep Neural Network
Authors: Iklima Zendi , Nur Rohman Bugi , Muwardi Rahmat , Khan Asif , Arifiansyah Zody
Published: November 2022

The curing process or vulcanization process is the final stage of the tire manufacturing process, where the properties of the tire compound change from rubber-plastic material to become elastic by forming cross-links in its molecular structure. The green tire is formed in the curing process, which is placed on the bottom mould. The inside of the green tire surrounds the bladder. The top mould will close to carry out the next curing process. In closing the mould, there is a shaping process of forming a green tire placed on the bladder and given a proportional pressure. Improper or abnormal radius shaping results cause seventy percent of product defects. This paper proposed abnormal detection of radius shaping in the curing process using Fine-tuned Deep Neural Network (DNN). Several DNN models have been examined to analyze an optimized DNN model for abnormal detection of radius shaping in the curing process. The fine-tuned DNN architecture has been exported for the curing system. The DNN was trained with a training accuracy of 97.88%, a validation accuracy of 95%, a testing accuracy of 100%, and a loss of 4.93%.
Adquisición de competencias pedagógicas en Educación Física durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en México
Authors: González-Rivas Ramón Alfonzo , Nuñez Enriquez Oscar , Ramírez-García Adrían Alonzo , Alaniz-Bernal Cynthia Alejandra
Published: November 2022

La pandemia por COVID-19 afectó diferentes estructuras sociales, una de las estructuras internas que puso a prueba fue la educativa. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la experiencia pedagógica del profesorado en Educación Física antes y durante la pandemia, además de las perspectivas futuras en relación con el confinamiento por COVID-19 en México. Este estudio tuvo un diseño fenomenológico y participaron siete asesores técnico pedagógicos y supervisores de Educación Física. Como resultados destaca que previo a la pandemia el profesorado no se había apropiado del programaeducativo; durante el confinamiento, la intervención didáctica fue un reto, sobre todo la evaluación; y se visualiza que el profesorado será más competente en el regreso a clases presenciales. Por lo que se puede concluir que se observó la necesidad de reformas estructurales que contemplen la implementación de herramientas pedagógicas que usen la virtualidad como valioso recurso dentro de la Educación Física.
Obstáculos para ser deportista de alto rendimiento en Chile
Authors: Soto-Lagos Rodrigo Andres , Cortes-Varas Carolina , Freire-Arancibia Solange , Martinez-Vallejo Simon , Jimenez-Fuentes Matias
Published: November 2022

La masificación de los deportes ha hecho visible la interacción de varias dimensiones del rendimiento que favorecen o dificultan el desarrollo de un deportista de alto rendimiento. Algunas de estas dimensiones son el contexto social/cultural en el que viven los deportistas, la influencia de las políticas públicas en el desarrollo a largo plazo de las carreras deportivas, el entorno familiar, de amigos y entrenadores, así como también aspectos nutricionales y psicológicos. Este estudio de tipo cualitativo busca comprender desde la voz de los y las deportistas cuáles son los aspectos considerados como obstaculizadores para el alto rendimiento en Chile. Los resultados demuestran que son obstaculizadores la falta de apoyo, la carrera dual, implementación para entrenar y discriminación de género. Se concluye proponiendo nuevos horizontes para las políticas públicas en el marco del apoyo a deportistas que se hagan cargo de resolver estos obstaculizadores.
The Effect of Kersen Fruit Extract (Muntingia calabura) Addition to The Yogurt Antibacterial Activity on Escherichia coli
Authors: Krisridwany Annisa , Lestari Putri Ayu , Winanta Aji , Harimurti Sabtanti , Damarwati Vella Lailli
Published: November 2022

Background: Yogurt, completed with lactic acid bacteria, can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The flavonoids, tannin, and saponin of the Muntingia calabura L. plant showed antibacterial activity. The present study aims to observe the effect of the addition of Muntingia calabura L. fruit extract to yogurt on the activity of Escherichia coli. Objectives: The study was an experimental study with the treatment of addition of Muntingia fruit extract infusion with various concentrations (12.5 %, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with three times replications) to the cow-milk-based yogurt. Material and Methods: The staining reagents were used for the phytochemical screening. The Mixed Muntingia Yogurt (MMY) was then centrifuged to obtain supernatant. The antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method by observing the diameter of the inhibition zone. Plain yogurt was used for the negative control and Cefotaxime for the positive control. Results: In Muntingia fruit extract, flavonoids, tannin, steroid, phenol, and saponin have been observed. The MMY showed antibacterial activity toward E. coli as indicated by the various diameter of inhibition zones of 5.03± 2.66 mm, 4.95± 0.39 mm, 5.68± 0.84 mm, 8.02± 1.45 mm, and 15.73± 1.60 mm for the Muntingia addition concentration of 12.5 %, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone of negative control was 3.95 mm, while positive control was 45.60 mm. Conclusions: The addition of Muntingia calabura L. fruits extracts to yogurt at concentrations of 75% and 100% could inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria as categorized for medium and strong inhibitory, respectively.
Comparative Study of Quality and Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Soybean, Palm Olein and Canola Oils with Their Blends
Authors: Memon Hina , Sherazi Syed Tufail , Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Shaikh Hadia , Malghani Niaz
Published: November 2022

Abstract The quality and thermo-oxidative stability of soybean oil (SO),
palm olein oil (POO), canola oil (CO) and their blends were evaluated.
The binary blends of SO:POO and CO:POO were formulated in a ratio of
(75:25) and ternary blend were prepared by blending CO:POO:SO in a ratio
of (35:30:35). To monitor the thermal stability of pure oils and their
blends, they were subjected to temperature (180°C) at different time
intervals. The results revealed that at elevated temperature the quality
of pure and blended oils deteriorate significantly. Heating process led
to a substantial increase in free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV),
p-anisidine value (p-AV), and saponification value (SV), while iodine
value (IV) and oxidative stability index (OSI) decreased. However,
blends comparatively showed better nutritional status and stability than
the pure ones. The Principal component analysis (PCA) of all parameters
was also performed. The data provide three significant principal
components (PCs with eigenvalue ˃1), which collectively report 98.8% of
the total variance. PC1 contributed mainly with total (50.1%) followed
by PC2 (36.2%) and PC3 (12.5%) in the data. This work suggests that
blending POO with other oils that contain more unsaturatation could be
an effective and eco-friendly procedure which enhances the chemical
sustainability and nutritional content of the oil.
Evolution of lipidome remodeling in different chill-sensitive peach varieties induced by low temperature
Authors: Song Chun-bo , Zhou Chujiang , Yang Zhenfeng
Published: November 2022

Low temperature (LT)-induced membrane lipid metabolism resulted in
different degrees of chilling injury (CI) in five different
chill-sensitive peach varieties. Among them, ‘Chibaifen’ peaches had the
most serious occurrence of CI and the strongest cold sensitivity by
having the largest up- and down-regulated numbers of phosphatidylcholine
(PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG) components and maintaining higher levels
of fold change, peak area abundance and unsaturation of TAG components
induced by LT. However, ‘Hujing’ peaches had the most lightest
occurrence of CI and had the strongest cold tolerance by having the more
up-regulated numbers of PC and TAG components, but maintaining lower
levels of fold change, peak area abundance and unsaturation of each
lipid component induced by LT. This study provides suitable research
materials for improving chill-sensitive peach varieties and developing
effective fresh-keeping technologies and a scientific basis for
improving the quality competitiveness of cold-tolerant peach varieties.
A MATHEMATICAL CRITERION APPROACH USING AN UP-TO-DATE RAPID HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES DESIGN BASED ON THE SEDIMENT DEPOSIT
Authors: Ramos J.G. , Gracia-Sánchez Jesús , Mariles O.A. Fuentes
Published: November 2022

In some lined channels with high gradients, a heavy scouring and
erosion, as well as overflow, it is highly common to occur, thus it is
required a water flow velocities regulation. An attractive option for
reducing water flow velocities is to significantly increase their bottom
roughness through the installation of rapid hydraulic structures which
are one of the river trainings structures. This prevents the river bed
against erosion, also stabilises the bed slope and helps to keep river
channels stable under flooding conditions. However, in sedimentary
density fluids, a consequence of the change of velocity is deposition of
solids which could be consolidated with the result of changing the
geometric design of the roughness element. This study aims to estimate
the degree of confidence expected when modifications take place to
artificial roughness geometries in the bottom of the channel with
turbulent flow and density fluid. The modification corresponds from
transverse ribs into ramps, so to establish the equations as result of
this change, a mathematical analysis using the Buckingham’s theorem was
implemented. This theorem uses various dimensionless expressions as
criterion for obtaining a high channel bottom roughness. The study
allows us to conclude that the new generated bottom roughness causes
more stable water flows and although it may be expensive, it is a
recommended way to reduce flow velocities. In general, there is an
interchange achieving a more stable operation, with a lower erosive
capacity, in exchange for the channel having larger cross-sections.
Performance of carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite in methylene blue and arsenate treatment from aqueous solution
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc , Phan Thi , Pham Cao , Nguyen Huu , Pham Sy , Nguyen Quoc , Nguyen Dinh
Published: November 2022

Herein, carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite fabricated by a lowtemperature hydrothermal method was used for methylene blue and arsenate treatment in aqueous solution. The Langmuir model fits the experimental data with a calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 110.63 and 2.31 mg g-1 for methylene blue and arsenate adsorption, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms of methylene blue as well as arsenate are physical adsorption and a combination of physical adsorption and chemisorption, respectively. Gibbs energy change with negative values indicates that methylene blue and arsenate adsorption on magnetic materials occurs naturally. This research demonstrated a simple, efficient, and reliable method for removing methylene blue and arsenate.
Comparison of calibration factors for field-class dosimeters
Authors: Zivanovic Milos , Sabeta Amra , Krzanovic Nikola , Makaric Vedrana , Djaletic Milos , Stupar Milica , Stankovic Srboljub
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a comparison performed between two calibration
laboratories in several radiation qualities, using dosimeters of varying
quality as transfer instruments. The goal of this work was to investigate
the viability of using field-class dosimeters for official comparisons and
to determine if the calibration factors for field-class dosimeters are
comparable between calibration laboratories within the stated measurement
uncertainties. The results of the comparison were acceptable for
high-quality electronic personal dosimeters in all radiation qualities, and
such dosimeters could be used as transfer instruments. On the other hand,
comparison results for low-quality dosimeters were often not acceptable,
either due to pronounced energy dependence, low stability, or both. Such
instruments are unreliable even under well-defined laboratory conditions,
and their use in routine measurements may cause doubt in official data or
influence public opinion. This problem is often hidden because many
dosimeters are calibrated or verified only in 137Cs beams, where the
deviations are the smallest. The largest differences are found for
low-energy X-ray radiation qualities, where many dosimeters have significant
overresponse.
Microanatomical study of the posterior medial choroidal artery
Authors: Bexheti Sadi , Hajrovic Samra , Calasan Dejan , Vitosevic Biljana , Dozic Aleksandra , Bexheti Ema , Cetkovic Dejan , Milisavljevic Milan
Published: November 2022

Introduction/Objective. The aim of this study was a detailed examination of microanatomy of the medial posterior choroidal artery (MPChA). Methods. The microanatomical characteristics of the MPChA were studied in 30 formalin fixed brain hemispheres using 6.3?10 ? magnification of the stereoscopic microscope. The arteries were injected with the mixture of 10% India ink and gelatin. The second group of 10 hemispheres consisted of specimens injected with methyl methacrylate fluid into the cerebral arterial vessels, for the preparation of corrosion casts. Results. The MPChA was present in all 30 hemispheres, always as the single artery. The MPChA were divided into proximal and distal types of vessels. We distinguished two segments of the MPChA: a cisternal and plexal. Proximal MPChA was present in 53.3% of cases, with the caliber of 0.6?1 mm (mean 0.8 mm). ?he point of its origin from the posterior cerebral artery was always before the origin of the first temporal cortical branch. Distal MPChA existed in 46.7% of cases, with the diameter of 0.4?1 (mean 0.74 mm). The cisternal segment the most frequently gave of the origin of fine branches to the cerebral crus, medial geniculate body and thalamus. The plexal segment gave rise arteries to the thalamus, and choroid branches for the supply of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. Anastomoses in the region of the MPChA were found in all of 20 examined brains, most often among the plexal branches. Conclusion. The results describing the microanatomical characteristics of the MPChA may have diagnostic and microsurgical significance.
Sustained low income, income changes, and risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Hong Seok , Park Jimin Clara , Chung Inkwan , Liu Junxiu , Lee Seong-Su , Han Kyungdo
Published: November 2022

  

Objective: There is limited evidence on the association between sustained low-income status, income changes, and all-cause mortality risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D). 

Research Design and Methods: Using the Korean Health Insurance Service database, we studied 1,923,854 adults with T2D (aged≥30 years) without cardiovascular disease and cancer, who were enrolled from 2009 through 2012 and followed to the end of 2020 (median of 10.8 years of follow-up). We defined income levels based on the amount of health insurance premiums and categorized them into quartiles, the first being the low-income group and assessed the income status annually in the preceding five years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the association of low-income status and income changes with mortality, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and diabetes duration and treatment.

Results: Participants who consecutively had low income showed a higher risk of mortality(hazard ratio(HR), 1.19; 95% confidence interval(CI), 1.16-1.22), compared with those who had never been in the low-income group. This association was much stronger for consecutive recipients of Medical Aid, reflecting very low-income status(HR, 2.26; 95%CI, 2.16-2.36), compared with those who had never been Medical Aid beneficiaries. Sustained low- and very low-income status was associated with increased risk of mortality, specifically for younger adults(aged<40 years) and males. Those who experienced declines in income between the first(preceding five years) and the last(baseline) time points had an increased risk of mortality, regardless of baseline income status. 

Conclusions: Among Korean adults with T2D, sustained low-income status and declines in income were associated with increased risk of mortality.
We Are No Better Than the Weakest Link: Nurses’ Experiences With Medication Management in Primary Healthcare
Authors: Knutsen Ingrid Ruud , Johnsrud Unni , Slorafoss Stine Jessli , Haugen Antonie Grasmo , Joranger Pål
Published: November 2022

Today patients are discharged earlier from hospital, and consequently, an increasing number of seriously ill patients are being followed up by the primary healthcare services, and use various medications. Errors in pharmaceutical treatment, which cause deaths and adverse events, are among the errors most frequently reported. In this study, we explored experience, competence and competence needs related to medication management among nurses in primary healthcare. One hundred and ten nurses working in four municipalities in southeastern Norway were invited to fill in a paper-based questionnaire, and 87 responded (79%). Bivariate and cross-table analyses were performed.

Of these, 84% considered their medication management competence to be good or very good, but 70% of the nurses did not feel confident about drug interaction, and 45% were not confident about the effects and side effects of medication. Further, 55% had administered medication incorrectly or to the wrong patient (35%). The most common adverse event was to administer medication at the wrong time. The most common way to update one’s knowledge was by reading the Norwegian Pharmaceutical Product Compendium (95%), and through dialogue with colleagues and doctors (94%). Most of the nurses (75%–85%) expressed a need for more knowledge. There was little difference between nurses working in home nursing care and in nursing homes. Despite reporting a low incidence of errors, few nurses have taken part in formal training after qualifying. Our findings indicate a special need for structural measures to increase nurses’ competence related to medication and medication management in primary healthcare.
Pharmacist Involvement in Optimizing Medication Use in Nursing Homes
Authors: Halvorsen Kjell H.
Published: November 2022

Nursing home residents have many comorbidities, for which medication therapy is the treatment modality most utilized. The extensive use of medications among these residents is beneficial, but puts these individuals at high risk of experiencing adverse drug events. To optimize medication use in nursing home residents, we have witnessed an increased pharmacist involvement. This review presents how pharmacists can be involved in optimizing medication use among Norwegian nursing home residents. The review is based on a literature search (PubMed), knowledge of Norwegian nursing home studies involving pharmacists, and fifteen years of work experience. A conceptual framework guided the knowledge synthesis regarding the different work tasks identified at the individual, healthcare, and system level. Pharmacists contribute on different levels to ensure high-quality medication use in nursing homes, which means involvement in multidisciplinary teams to identify and solve medication-related problems. Collaboration with other healthcare professionals and teaching them about medication management are examples on the healthcare level. Involvement on the system level includes developing medication management procedures, providing medication statistics, investigating costs, and facilitating tender rounds. Studies investigating hard endpoints in nursing home residents were not identified. Although pharmacists as healthcare providers seem to be expanding their role, municipalities and the healthcare system seem to lack a strategy about how and where this resource can be used most effectively. Developing job descriptions for pharmacists, and preparing the healthcare setting and nursing homes for future challenges, should be prioritized.
CHARACTERIZATION OF cox3 AND rnl GENES ENCODED IN MITOCHONDRIA OF Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
Authors: GAZDAĞLI Aylin , ALBAYRAK Gülruh
Published: November 2022

In this study, the phylogenetic relationship among Fusarium graminearum Schwabe isolates was established for the first time based on mitochondrial cox3 and rnl gene variations. The genes were amplified from 45 isolates purified from Türkiye and Iran together with 2 Korean strains by polymerase chain reaction. The amplicons were sequenced and nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by alignment. The phylogenetic relationship was constructed by using PAUP 4.0a with the maximum parsimony method. Fragments with 477 bp length, belonging to cox3, were obtained from 46 samples; 1547 bp-amplicons of rnl were produced from 45 samples. Sequence similarities were calculated as 30-100 % and 17-94 % for cox3 and rnl, respectively. Nucleotide variations within the rnl was found higher than within cox3. It was shown that SNPs and in-dels, found in coding regions, cause a codon change and may alter more than one codon by causing frame shift without affect gene functions. Bootstrap values belonging to cox3 and rnl dataset was found ranging from 57 to 84 %, and 54 to 100 %, respectively. Parsimony analysis revealed that Korean isolates were in monophyletic relationship with Turkish and Iranian isolates. It is proposed that the methodology can be applied to other fungal species because the phylogenetic relationships at the intraspecific level are able to establish among Fusarium species based on mitochondrial gene variation.
Real Exchange Rate Misalignments in Tanzania
Authors: Kimolo Deogratius , Kombe Camillus , Mrema Stansilaus
Published: November 2022

The study uses a real exchange rate equilibrium (REER) technique to examine real exchange rate misalignments in Tanzania, through the cointegration technique. The empirical findings reveal that the real exchange rate misalignment has decreased significantly over recent years, and the real effective exchange rate has been evolving close to the long-term equilibrium. The findings strongly suggest that the underlying monetary and exchange rate policies were crucial in bringing the real exchange rate back to equilibrium in line with medium-term fundamentals recently. As a result, it is suggested that the existing monetary and exchange rate policies be maintained. While the monetary policy will contribute to real exchange rate stability through low inflation, flexible exchange rate policy will contribute to real exchange rate stability through nominal exchange rate adjustment.
Impact of WACC on Firm Profitability: Evidence from the Food and Allied Industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Farhana
Published: November 2022

The research paper aims to analyze the underlying relationship in between the profitability and cost of funds of a firm. A total of twelve companies were selected as a sample for this study which is listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange under Food and Allied Industry. A panel data set of 15 years from 2005 to 2019 was used to conduct the necessary analysis. In this paper, Return on Asset (ROA) is used as the accounting criteria of profitability. WACC is the independent variable while Firm Size, Firm Age and Firm Leverage are used as control variable for the study.  Fixed Effects Panel Regression Model is used to analyze the dataset. The result of the analysis shows that WACC is negatively related with the profitability measure and this relationship is significant. The study has potential to be replicated by other industries like textile, cement, pharmaceutical & chemical, fuel & power, tannery etc.
Influence of Some Preparation Parameters on The Efficiency of Activated Carbons Prepared from Teak Wood Shavings (Tectona Grandis) and Coconut Shells (Cocos Nucifera) for The Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Karim Alassane Youssao Abdou , Balogoun Clément , Avocefohoun Alphonse S. , Prodjinonto Vincent , Gbaguidi Magloire A. N. , Dovonon Léonce Firmin , Saizonou Mickael , Agossou Gildas , Djihouessi Berneed , Sogbochi Elie , Aïna Martin , Alitonou Guy A. , Sohounhloue Dominique C. K.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we valorized two wastes of plant origin in activated carbon (AC) by chemical activation, with a view to their use for the elimination of industrial dyes and artisanal dyeing simulated by methylene blue and iodine in the water. These are coconut shells (Coco nucifera) and teak wood chips (Tectona grandis). For the preparation of activated carbon based on coconut residues, the chemical activation was carried out by citric acid extracts of lemon juice (Citrus aurantiifolia) and then compared to that carried out with phosphoric acid and hydroxide of potassium. For the preparation of activated carbon from the teak residue, the activating agent used is potassium hydroxide. The results obtained show that activated carbon based on the coconut are microporous and mesoporous with an iodine number between 338.9 and 487.9 mg/g, a methylene blue number between 369.2 and 447.2 mg/g and a more pronounced post-treatment residual acidity for phosphoric acid than with lemon juice. The test conditions (the impregnation ratio, the duration, and the carbonization temperature) made it possible to prepare six activated carbons from the teak residue. The carbonization time does not have a significant effect on the adsorption efficiency although it does have a considerable effect on the carbonization efficiency. The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue on these materials is second order and the adsorption isotherm is more of the Langmuir type than that of the Freundlich model; this isotherm is characteristic of a wide distribution of microporosity and a well-developed mesoporosity. These activated carbons can therefore be used in the treatment of wastewater, in particular for the removal of industrial dyes and artisanal dyeing.
Ecosystem Service Preference of Forest People: A study in Madhupur Sal Forest of Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Soumitra , Hasan Shaikh S. , Hasan Shahriar , Sadi Robius S. , Labib Md. Tasmir R. , Saha Shoumen
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the ecosystem service preference of forest people in Madhupur Sal forest and the factors contributing to their preference towards those services. Data were collected through a personal interview with 230 respondents with four focus group discussions. Majority of the respondents comprised ethnic people (the Garo) of the region. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents (89.8%) possessed moderate to high knowledge regarding ecosystem service. They identified 16 ecosystem services where ‘Forest identity’, ‘Crop cultivation’, and ‘Maintenance of social relation’ were perceived as the top services. The ecosystem service preference differed among respondents of different locations of the forest where people living inside the forest and living 1-2 km of forest appreciated cultural service most. The variation observed in service preference among different ethnic groups and Garo Sangsharek community’s preference towards ecosystem service was much higher than the other two communities (Garo Christian and Bengali). Results of multiple regression analysis showed that respondents’ age, ecosystem service knowledge, residence distance from forest, and forest dependency were the contributing factors that influenced their preference towards ecosystem services. The research results offer relevant information that is helpful for ecosystem-related studies in Bangladesh.
Lactobacillus Species Isolates and Vaginal Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Women of Reproductive Age Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi
Authors: Udeogu Chidozie V. , Agbakoba Nneka R. , Chukwuma Lilian N. , Obiegbu Chukwudi D. , Dilibe Eucharia A. , Okwelogu Somadina I. , Aguchibe Uchenna C.
Published: November 2022

The association between vaginal Lactobacillus spp and regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been reviewed. This study was done to evaluate the relationship between the presence of Lactobacillus spp isolated in the vagina of women of reproductive age resident in Nnewi and vaginal tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-ᵞ) levels. A total of 220 women of reproductive age (pregnant and non-pregnant women) aged between 18-45 years who attended Obstetrics and Gynaecology clinics at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi and had been classified according to their clinical Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)- status, were enrolled for the study. Two vaginal swabs samples were obtained from each woman. The first swab was used for cultivation and isolation of Lactobacillus spp, while the second swab used for evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-ᵞ). Within the study population, women who were noted to be non-pregnant and clinically BV-positive had significantly higher mean levels of Pro-inflammatory cytokines (PC); TNF-α (57.90±27.26 pg/ml) and IFN-ᵞ (168.98±100 pg/ml) compared non-pregnant women who were BV-negative with TNF-α (13.48±4.67 pg/ml) and IFN-ᵞ (29.56 pg/ml). Comparison between both groups showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Generally, pregnant women had lower mean levels of PC; TNF-α (24.68±21.69 pg/ml) and IFN-ᵞ (82.35±35.74 pg/ml) compared to non-pregnant women with TNF-α (36.79±29.90) and IFN-ᵞ (102.71±100.86) regardless of their BV-status (p > 0.05). Non-pregnant participants in which Lactobacillus iners were isolated had the highest up-regulation of PC; TNF-α (55.80 pg/ml) and IFN-ᵞ (149.9 pg/ml) compared with other women in the same group who had Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from their vaginal samples. In pregnant women, subjects with Lactobacillus plantarum isolated had the highest up-regulation of PC; TNF-α (75.63 pg/ml) and IFN-ᵞ (163.63 pg/ml) compared to women who had other Lactobacillus spp isolated from their vaginal swabs. It is inferred by this study the presence of L.iners has a remarkable association with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which promote pathological process in the vaginal disease states. The potential for the deployment of L.iners as a promising potential algorithm and biomarker in the detection of vaginosis and vaginitis is noted in this study
Case Report: Adult Retroperitoneal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Benjelloun E. Ghali , Hatim Ghita , Meryem Zaouit , Razzouki Ibtissam , Guérisse Nisrine Bennani , Jouhadi Hassan , Chekrine Tarik , Bouchbika Zineb , Benchekroun Nadia , Tawfiq Nezha , Benider Abdelatif , Sahraoui Souha
Published: November 2022

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common malignant mesenchymal tumor in children and adolescents. In this article we report a rare case of RMS considering the age of 37 years and its retroperitoneal location. The symptomatology was characterized by abdominal pain and alteration of the general condition. The diagnosis was confirmed after a scan-guided biopsy followed by an immunohistochemical study.  Its management must be discussed in order to propose the appropriate therapy which was a chemotherapy in our patient with an unfavorable evolution.
論文例求義法
Authors: 楊 琳
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

文例指同樣或同類的詞句在不同語境中有規律地重複出現的語言現系。孤立地考索一個句子中的詞語，不容易把握其含義，不容易發現問題，但如果聯繫詞句使用的慣例來考索詞義，將詞語納入慣例的範圍之內，就容易看清其確切含義，容易發現流傳過程中出現的差錯。這種根據文例考求詞義的方法就是文例求義法。文例可從不同的角度分類。根據文例出現的語言單位的不同，可分為詞語文例、句式文例、段落文例三類；根據文例適用範圓的大小，可分為個體文例和通行文例兩類。文中利用文例考釋了許多疑難詞語，訂正了不少前人的誤訓。

The term wenli refers to the linguistic phenomenon of the same word, phrase, or expression repeatedly occuring in different contexts but with certain consistent features. It is hard to venture on the meaning of a given phrase and to identify a problem if it is examined without context. It would be much easier to determine its exact meaning and to discover its variations and errors during its transmission if one considers its customary usages summed up in statistics. This method is termed “searching for meaning via wenli.” There are different methods of wenli categorization. Divided by the unit of language, there are: phrasal wenli, sentence pattern wenli, and paragraph wenli. Divided by the coverage of practical use, there are individual wenli and general wenli. In this essay, the author makes use of wenli to examine a number of difficult phrases and is successful in correcting many mistakes of past exegistic work.