bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercises in Empowerment: Toward a Feminist Aerobic Pedagogy
Authors: Haravon Leslie D.
Published: August 2016

The current popularity of aerobic dance exercise makes it an important site for the analysis of women and movement. Feminist researchers have critiqued aerobics as an activity which does more to maintain dominant ideologies of women’s powerlessness than it does to liberate women through movement and action (Kagan & Morse, 1988; MacNeil, 1988; Theberge, 1985, 1987) whereas, based upon psychological studies, a participation in aerobics has been shown to improve self-esteem (Labbe, Welsh, & Delaney, 1988; Plummer & Young, 1987; Skrinar, Bullen, Cheek, McArthur, & Vaughan, 1986). Other scholars point to the contradictions of empowerment and oppression that women must encounter when they participate in aerobic dance exercise (Haravon, 1992; Kenen, 1987; Markula, 1991).

In this paper I consider an alternative feminist reading of aerobic dance exercise, arguing that there are specific ways to make the mainstream aerobic workout a site for empowerment for women. Using the commentary of physical education students, I explain how an aerobic workout can empower its female participants. My definition of the term empowerment is borrowed from the work of Nancy Theberge (1985, 1987) in which she discusses women’s liberation and feminist notions of power as they might apply to sport. Theberge argues that “the potential of sport to act as an agent of women’s liberation stems mainly from the opportunity that women’s sporting activity affords them to experience their bodies as strong and powerful and free from male domination” (Theberge, 1985, p. 202). Theberge discusses both energy and creativity as more feminist ways of conceiving of power in sport (Theberge, 1987). I argue that creative and energetic power as well as the experience of a strong body free from male domination can be cultivated in the aerobic workout.

In the research presented here, I discuss common theoretical critiques of the practice of aerobics, review interactive studies of aerobics, and describe the method and practice of teaching both aerobics and Hatha Yoga. Quoting students in a yoga class, I note certain aspects of the class that might make it an empowering, consciousness-changing experience for these students. The yoga teaching methods discussed here are used as a guideline for the discussion of the empowering aerobic workout, which prescribes methods for teaching empowering aerobics using the recommendations, critiques and comments from the preceding sections. The purpose of this paper, rather than being a comparison of two representative samples of research subjects in yoga and aerobics classes, is to suggest that a juxtaposition of methods of teaching might reveal practical knowledge about empowering students in an aerobics class. Before discussing teaching and empowerment in particular, I offer the following theoretical perspectives on aerobics which are grounded in Cultural Studies, the assumptions of which are discussed below.
Is It Worth the Price? Women’s Involvement in Leadership and Coaching in Sport Organizations in Norway
Authors: Hovden Jorid
Published: August 2016

The Norwegian Confederation of Sports, the non-profit umbrella organization for all organized sports in Norway, has gradually accepted women’s demands for equal opportunities and full integration at all levels. The situation for women in sports politics and coaching today is characterized by male dominance as well as high drop-out rates and recruiting problems among women.

The aim of the investigation, as basis for this article, was to give women’s experiences within elected posts and coaching a public voice and elaborate why women hesitate to involve themselves or drop-out after a short period of time. The following questions are outlined and discussed:

- What motivates women to take up elected posts and coaching? - What experiences do women have after holding such posts and roles? - What problems and challenges seem to be difficult to face and handle?

The analytical perspective was inspired by the feminist critique of organizations as gender-neutral arenas, and Bourdieu’s analysis of dominance and power within social fields. The empirical material consisted of questionnaire data and data from a search conference. The sample consisted of women holding elected posts, as well as, female coaches.

Based upon the results women as a group within male domains were not empowered to raise and articulate interests and needs as women. The respondents reported an awareness of barriers, role conflicts and dilemmas, but lacked most often the ability to initiate collective emancipatory changes. The established male-dominated practices were seen as selfevident and natural. Many women chose the strategy of exit as the solution to their situation, because the cost of promoting change outweighed the benefits.
Changing Positions: The Sexual Politics of a Women’s Field Hockey Team 1986-1996
Authors: Shire Joanne , Brackenridge Celia , Fuller Mary
Published: August 2016

Despite a huge expansion in the literature on individual aspects of sexual identity and sexuality, and the growth of studies on women in sport, there are still relatively few investigations into women’s sporting and sexual subcultures. In addition, practical difficulties frequently preclude the adoption of longitudinal research designs when studying sport groups. With this research we describe the micro-dynamics of a particular women’s field hockey team, tracing the shifting composition of the team from predominantly heterosexual to almost entirely lesbian over the ten year period 1986-1996. A retrospective, longitudinal design was used: data from semi-structured interviews with 26 players were matched against data depicting the changing distribution of heterosexual and lesbian players during the ten year period. Two major findings emerge: first, that the women’s sexual identities were more fluid and complex than most of the literature on women in sport implies. Secondly, the status system of the club was more strongly influenced by organisation sexuality than it was by structural tradition. Consequently the status system changed from one based on structure (i.e. years of experience in the club) to one based on culture (i.e. identity as a lesbian organisation) as the number of self-identified lesbians increased beyond 38%.
One step closer to viral eradication in HIV
Authors: Gill Saar
Published: August 2016

Fusion protein constructs that combine an HIV-specific T cell receptor and a CD3 binding domain allow cytotoxic lymphocytes to attack the latent viral reservoir.
A Diguanylate Cyclase Acts as a Cell Division Inhibitor in a Two-Step Response to Reductive and Envelope Stresses
Authors: Kim Hyo Kyung , Harshey Rasika M.
Published: August 2016

Cell division arrest is a universal checkpoint in response to environmental assaults that generate cellular stress. In bacteria, the cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signaling network is one of several signal transduction systems that regulate key processes in response to extra-/intracellular stimuli. Here, we find that the diguanylate cyclase YfiN acts as a bifunctional protein that produces c-di-GMP in response to reductive stress and then dynamically relocates to the division site to arrest cell division in response to envelope stress in
Escherichia coli
. YfiN localizes to the Z ring by interacting with early division proteins and stalls cell division by preventing the initiation of septal peptidoglycan synthesis. These studies reveal a new role for a diguanylate cyclase in responding to environmental change, as well as a novel mechanism for arresting cell division.

IMPORTANCE
While the major role of c-di-GMP signaling is to control the decision to move freely or settle in a biofilm, recent studies show a broader range of output functions for c-di-GMP signaling. This work reports an unexpected second role for YfiN, a conserved diguanylate cyclase in Gram-negative bacteria, known to contribute to persistence in the host. We find that YfiN acts as a cell division inhibitor in response to envelope stress. Unlike known cell division inhibitors, the interaction of YfiN with cell division proteins retains the Z ring at the midcell but prevents septal invagination. The new function of YfiN not only emphasizes the versatility of c-di-GMP signaling but describes a novel mechanism for a cell division checkpoint.
ATP-Dependent C–F Bond Cleavage Allows the Complete Degradation of 4-Fluoroaromatics without Oxygen
Authors: Tiedt Oliver , Mergelsberg Mario , Boll Kerstin , Müller Michael , Adrian Lorenz , Jehmlich Nico , von Bergen Martin , Boll Matthias
Published: August 2016

Complete biodegradation of the abundant and persistent fluoroaromatics requires enzymatic cleavage of an arylic C–F bond, probably the most stable single bond of a biodegradable organic molecule. While in aerobic microorganisms defluorination of fluoroaromatics is initiated by oxygenases, arylic C–F bond cleavage has never been observed in the absence of oxygen. Here, an oxygen-independent enzymatic aryl fluoride bond cleavage is described during the complete degradation of 4-fluorobenzoate or 4-fluorotoluene to CO
2
and HF in the denitrifying
Thauera aromatica
: the ATP-dependent defluorination of 4-fluorobenzoyl-coenzyme A (4-F-BzCoA) to benzoyl-coenzyme A (BzCoA) and HF, catalyzed by class I BzCoA reductase (BCR). Adaptation to growth with the fluoroaromatics was accomplished by the downregulation of a promiscuous benzoate-CoA ligase and the concomitant upregulation of 4-F-BzCoA-defluorinating/dearomatizing BCR on the transcriptional level. We propose an unprecedented mechanism for reductive arylic C–F bond cleavage via a Birch reduction-like mechanism resulting in a formal nucleophilic aromatic substitution. In the proposed anionic 4-fluorodienoyl-CoA transition state, fluoride elimination to BzCoA is favored over protonation to a fluorinated cyclic dienoyl-CoA.

IMPORTANCE
Organofluorides are produced as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals and comprise approximately one quarter of all organic compounds in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors; they are considered a growing class of environmentally relevant persistent pollutants. Especially in the case of fluoroaromatics, biodegradation is hampered by the extreme stability of the arylic C–F bond. In aerobic microorganisms, degradation proceeds via oxygenase-dependent C–F bond cleavage reactions, whereas the enzymes involved in the degradation of fluoroaromatics at anoxic sites are unknown. Here we report a strategy for the complete biodegradation of a fluoroaromatic to CO
2
and HF in a denitrifying bacterium via activation to a CoA ester, followed by oxygen-independent arylic C–F bond cleavage catalyzed by an ATP-dependent enzyme. This reaction, in conjunction with a transcriptional adaptation to fluorinated growth substrates, is essential for the anoxic biodegradation of 4-fluorobenzoate/4-F-toluene and probably other fluoroaromatics.
Glycomics for Microbes and Microbiologists
Authors: Lipke Peter N.
Published: August 2016

The recent article “Lectin-Glycan Interaction Network-Based Identification of Host Receptors of Microbial Pathogenic Adhesins” by Ielasi et al. describes a new development in microbial carbohydrate analysis [Ielasi FS, Alioscha-Perez M, Donohue D, Claes S, Sahli H, Schols D, Willaert RG, mBio 7(4):e00584-16, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00584-16
]. Specific carbohydrate ligands have been identified from the patterns of lectin binding to oligosaccharides printed on a chip. The new technique links the output to a comprehensive glycan database and offers a number of data visualization options. The graphs highlight the occurrence of potential ligands, organized by organism, tissue, and patterns of association with disease states. The analysis has successfully predicted novel glycoprotein ligands for microbial lectins, including an interaction of
E. coli
FimH with HIV gp120.
Salmonella
Rapidly Regulates Membrane Permeability To Survive Oxidative Stress
Authors: van der Heijden Joris , Reynolds Lisa A. , Deng Wanyin , Mills Allan , Scholz Roland , Imami Koshi , Foster Leonard J. , Duong Franck , Finlay B. Brett
Published: August 2016

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria provides protection against toxic molecules, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Decreased OM permeability can promote bacterial survival under harsh circumstances and protects against antibiotics. To better understand the regulation of OM permeability, we studied the real-time influx of hydrogen peroxide in
Salmonella
bacteria and discovered two novel mechanisms by which they rapidly control OM permeability. We found that pores in two major OM proteins, OmpA and OmpC, could be rapidly opened or closed when oxidative stress is encountered and that the underlying mechanisms rely on the formation of disulfide bonds in the periplasmic domain of OmpA and TrxA, respectively. Additionally, we found that a
Salmonella
mutant showing increased OM permeability was killed more effectively by treatment with antibiotics. Together, these results demonstrate that Gram-negative bacteria regulate the influx of ROS for defense against oxidative stress and reveal novel targets that can be therapeutically targeted to increase bacterial killing by conventional antibiotics.

IMPORTANCE
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved ways to circumvent inflammatory immune responses. A decrease in bacterial outer membrane permeability during infection helps protect bacteria from toxic molecules produced by the host immune system and allows for effective colonization of the host. In this report, we reveal molecular mechanisms that rapidly alter outer membrane pores and their permeability in response to hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress. These mechanisms are the first examples of pores that are rapidly opened or closed in response to reactive oxygen species. Moreover, one of these mechanisms can be targeted to artificially increase membrane permeability and thereby increase bacterial killing by the antibiotic cefotaxime during
in vitro
experiments and in a mouse model of infection. We envision that a better understanding of the regulation of membrane permeability will lead to new targets and treatment options for multidrug-resistant infections.
Bridging the gap: the assessment and treatment of adolescent personality disorder in routine clinical care
Authors: Sharp Carla
Published: August 2016

Despite a marked increase in research supporting the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of personality disorder (PD) in adolescence, clinicians continue to be reluctant to apply treatment guidelines and psychiatric nomenclature in routine clinical care. This gap arises from several beliefs: (1) psychiatric nomenclature does not allow the diagnosis of PD in adolescence; (2) certain features of PD are normative and not particularly symptomatic of personality disturbance; (3) the symptoms of PD are better explained by other psychiatric syndromes; (4) adolescents' personalities are still developing and therefore too unstable to warrant a PD diagnosis; and (5) because PD is long-lasting, treatment-resistant and unpopular to treat, it would be stigmatising to label an adolescent with borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this paper, the empirical evidence challenging each of these beliefs is evaluated in the hope of providing a balanced review of the validity of adolescent PD with a specific focus on BPD. The paper concludes with recommendations on how routine clinical care can integrate a PD focus.
What is inside the hernia sac?
Authors: Virgínia Ana Araújo , Santos Cláudia , Contente Helena , Branco Cláudia
Published: August 2016

Most ovarian inguinal hernias occur in children and are frequently associated with congenital genitalia defects. The authors present the case of a multiparous 89-year-old woman, without any genitalia defect, who was brought to the emergency department with an irreducible inguinal hernia. The patient was proposed for emergency surgery during which we encountered an ovary and a fallopian tube inside the hernial sac. An oophorosalpingectomy and a Lichtenstein procedure were carried out and the postoperative period was uneventful. This case shows that, even though it is rare, a hernial sac may contain almost any intra-abdominal organ, including those least frequent such as the appendix, an ovary or the fallopian tubes.
Evaluation of dietary cholesterol intake in elderly Chinese: a longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Su Chang , Wang Zhihong , Wang Huijun , Jiang Hongru , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2016

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate daily cholesterol intake across demographic factors and its food sources in elderly Chinese.

Design

A longitudinal study was conducted using demographic and dietary data for elders aged 60 and above from eight waves (1991–2011) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Setting

The data were derived from urban and rural communities of nine provinces (autonomous regions) in China.

Participants

There were 16 274 participants (7657 male and 8617 female) in this study.

Outcomes

The primary outcome was daily cholesterol intake, which was calculated by using the Chinese Food Composition Table, based on dietary data.

Results

Daily consumption of cholesterol in the elderly significantly increased by 34% from 1991 to 2011 (p<0.0001) and reached 253.9 mg on average in 2011. Secular trends in the proportion of subjects with an intake of >300 mg/day increased significantly during 1991–2011 (p<0.0001). The major food sources of cholesterol by ranked order were eggs, pork, and fish and shellfish in 1991 and 2011, while organ meats which ranked fourth in the contribution to total intake in 1991 was replaced by poultry in 2011. Moreover, younger elders, male elders and elders from a high-income family or a highly urbanised community had higher cholesterol intakes and larger proportions of subjects with excessive cholesterol consumption in each survey year.

Conclusions

The large growth in daily cholesterol intake may pose major challenges for the health of elders in China. Reduced exposure to food enriched in cholesterol is required for elderly Chinese.
RETHINKING “ASEAN CENTRALITY” IN THE REGIONAL GOVERNANCE OF EAST ASIA
Authors: TAN SEE SENG
Published: August 2016

Of late, the principle of ASEAN centrality has come under strain as various stakeholders of East Asia’s evolving regional architecture have questioned ASEAN’s ability and will to lead the region effectively. Recent signs of disunity among ASEAN member countries and the slow progress made towards establishing the ASEAN Community have not helped ASEAN’s case either. On the other hand, even critics of ASEAN grudgingly admit that no regional arrangement in East Asia would likely succeed without ASEAN’s involvement in a leading capacity. Against that backdrop, there are at least five interrelated ways ASEAN centrality has been understood and appropriated by its devotees and detractors alike. Centrality has been defined in terms of ASEAN as leader or driver, as convener or facilitator, as hub or key node, as an agent of (proposed) progress (and not just process), and as little more than an expedient device to preserve ASEAN’s primacy in Asian regionalism and to ward off any form of architectural renovation which could lead to its marginalization.
What lattice theorists can do for superstring/M-theory
Authors: Hanada Masanori
Published: August 2016

The gauge/gravity duality provides us with nonperturbative formulation of superstring/M-theory. Although inputs from gauge theory side are crucial for answering many deep questions associated with quantum gravitational aspects of superstring/M-theory, many of the important problems have evaded analytic approaches. For them, lattice gauge theory is the only hope at this moment. In this review I give a list of such problems, putting emphasis on problems within reach in a five-year span, including both Euclidean and real-time simulations.
Initial conditions for inflation — A short review
Authors: Brandenberger Robert
Published: August 2016

I give a brief review of the status of research on the nature of initial conditions required to obtain a period of cosmological inflation. It is shown that there is good evidence that in the case of large field models, the inflationary slow-roll trajectory is a local attractor in initial condition space, whereas it is not in the case of small field models.
Thermal and log-normal distributions of plasma in laser driven Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters
Authors: Barbarino M. , Warrens M. , Bonasera A. , Lattuada D. , Bang W. , Quevedo H. J. , Consoli F. , De Angelis R. , Andreoli P. , Kimura S. , Dyer G. , Bernstein A. C. , Hagel K. , Barbui M. , Schmidt K. , Gaul E. , Donovan M. E. , Natowitz J. B. , Ditmire T.
Published: August 2016

In this work, we explore the possibility that the motion of the deuterium ions emitted from Coulomb cluster explosions is highly disordered enough to resemble thermalization. We analyze the process of nuclear fusion reactions driven by laser–cluster interactions in experiments conducted at the Texas Petawatt laser facility using a mixture of D2+3He and CD4+3He cluster targets. When clusters explode by Coulomb repulsion, the emission of the energetic ions is “nearly” isotropic. In the framework of cluster Coulomb explosions, we analyze the energy distributions of the ions using a Maxwell–Boltzmann (MB) distribution, a shifted MB distribution (sMB), and the energy distribution derived from a log-normal (LN) size distribution of clusters. We show that the first two distributions reproduce well the experimentally measured ion energy distributions and the number of fusions from d–d and d-3He reactions. The LN distribution is a good representation of the ion kinetic energy distribution well up to high momenta where the noise becomes dominant, but overestimates both the neutron and the proton yields. If the parameters of the LN distributions are chosen to reproduce the fusion yields correctly, the experimentally measured high energy ion spectrum is not well represented. We conclude that the ion kinetic energy distribution is highly disordered and practically not distinguishable from a thermalized one.
Free Damped Vibrations of Rocking Rigid Blocks as Uniformly Accelerated Motions
Authors: Casapulla Claudia , Maione Alessandra
Published: August 2016

This paper introduces a novel formulation for the free rocking motion of a rigid block supported on a rigid plane. The equation of the motion between two subsequent impacts is expressed as a uniformly accelerated motion only depending on the assigned initial velocity. The constant acceleration is derived by an ad hoc approximation in order to fit the results of the standard model of Housner [B. Seismol. Soc. Am, 53(2) (1963) 403–417], which is herein revisited and explored. An extensive comparison between the standard and the proposed models is carried out in terms of moment-rotation relationship, critical rotational velocity, normalized amplitude and duration of the half-cycles.
Pure-injectivity in the category of Gorenstein projective modules
Authors: Yu Peng , Huang Zhaoyong
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we introduce and study (weak) pure-injective Gorenstein projective modules. Let [Formula: see text] be an Artin algebra. We prove that the category of weak pure-injective Gorenstein projective left [Formula: see text]-modules coincides with the intersection of the category of pure-injective left [Formula: see text]-modules and that of Gorenstein projective left [Formula: see text]-modules. Then, we get an equivalent characterization of virtually Gorenstein algebras (being CM-finite). Furthermore, we prove that the category of weak pure-injective Gorenstein projective left [Formula: see text]-modules is enveloping in the category of left [Formula: see text]-modules; and if [Formula: see text] is virtually Gorenstein, then it is precovering in the category of pure-injective left [Formula: see text]-modules.
Overrings of Prüfer v-multiplication domains
Authors: Xing Shiqi , Wang Fanggui
Published: August 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be an integral domain, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the set of fractional ideals of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] a finitely generated ideal with [Formula: see text]. For a torsion-free [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text], define [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]. Call [Formula: see text] a [Formula: see text]-module if [Formula: see text]. On [Formula: see text], the function [Formula: see text] is a star-operation of finite character. An integral ideal [Formula: see text] maximal with respect to being a proper [Formula: see text]-ideal is a prime ideal called a maximal [Formula: see text]-ideal. A torsion-free [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-flat, if [Formula: see text] is a flat [Formula: see text]-module for each [Formula: see text], the set of maximal [Formula: see text]-ideals of [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is called a Prüfer [Formula: see text]-multiplication domain (P[Formula: see text]MD), if [Formula: see text] is a valuation ring for each [Formula: see text]. We characterize [Formula: see text]-flat modules in a manner similar to the characterization of flat modules, study them when they are rings [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and characterize P[Formula: see text]MDs using them and compare our work with similar work in the literature.
Group key management based on semigroup actions
Authors: Lopez-Ramos Juan Antonio , Rosenthal Joachim , Schipani Davide , Schnyder Reto
Published: August 2016

In this work, we provide a suite of protocols for group key management based on general semigroup actions. Construction of the key is made in a distributed and collaborative way. Examples are provided that may in some cases enhance the security level and communication overheads of previous existing protocols. Security against passive attacks is considered and depends on the hardness of the semigroup action problem in any particular scenario.
Extended magmas and their applications
Authors: Martín Antonio J. Calderón
Published: August 2016

A magma is just a set [Formula: see text] with a single binary operation [Formula: see text] We introduce the class of extended magmas and show that any extended magma [Formula: see text] decomposes as the orthogonal disjoint union of well-described ideals. If [Formula: see text] is of division, it is shown that the above decomposition is by means of the family of its simple ideals. The obtained results are applied to the structure theory of arbitrarily graded arbitrary algebras and to the structure theory of arbitrary superalgebras admitting a multiplicative basis. We state a second Wedderburn type theorem for the class of arbitrary algebras with an arbitrary weak-division grading and for the class of arbitrary superalgebras admitting a division multiplicative basis.
Generating arbitrary cebits on the orbital angular momentum Poincaré sphere
Authors: Chithrabhanu P. , Aadhi A. , Reddy Salla Gangi , Prabhakar Shashi , Singh R. P.
Published: August 2016

Using classical laser beams, we generate a general complex superposition state, cebit, of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light. We use a nonseparable beam of polarization and OAM generated by a modified Sagnac interferometer for the generation of OAM cebits which can be represented as points on the OAM Poincaré sphere. The general cebit state is represented as a function of the rotation angle of the wave plates so that one can easily generate the required state.
Synthesis, electrochemical and complexation studies of Zn(II) aryloxyporphyrins with fullerene C60
Authors: Dar Tawseef Ahmad , Chahal Mandeep K. , Kumar R. Ashwin , Sankar Muniappan
Published: August 2016

A new series of aryloxyporphyrins bearing benzyl and naphthyl substituents viz., ZnTBPP (1), ZnTNPP (2) and ZnONPP (3) has been synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. 1–3 have been utilized as donors to interact with fullerene (C[Formula: see text] acceptor to form 1:1 complex in toluene at 298 K. The subsequent investigation into quenching measurements with concomitant increase in fullerene concentration revealed effective quenching constants. The calculated association constants were in the order of 103 M[Formula: see text]. However, ZnTNPP (2) exhibited higher binding constant as compared to other analogs due to effective [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] interactions. ZnONPP (3) exhibited 3.4 times lower association constant than ZnTNPP (2) due to steric hindrance offered by meso-(3,5-dinapthyloxyphenyl) groups. The geometric and electronic structure of Zn(II) porphyrin-fullerene dyad was probed by DFT calculations which suggested the possibility of charge transfer from meso-aryloxyporphyrin core to fullerene C[Formula: see text].
Asymptotic Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Composites of Hexagonal Structure
Authors: Kalamkarov Alexander L. , Andrianov Igor V. , Pacheco Pedro M. C. L. , Savi Marcelo A. , Starushenko Galina A.
Published: August 2016

The fiber-reinforced composite materials with periodic cylindrical inclusions of a circular cross-section arranged in a hexagonal array are analyzed. The governing analytical relations of the thermal conductivity problem for such composites are obtained using the asymptotic homogenization method. The lubrication theory is applied for the asymptotic solution of the unit cell problems in the cases of inclusions of large and close to limit diameters, and for inclusions with high conductivity. The lubrication method is further generalized to the cases of finite values of the physical properties of inclusions, as well as for the cases of medium-sized inclusions. The analytical formulas for the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity of the fiber-reinforced composite materials of a hexagonal structure are derived in the cases of small conductivity of inclusions, as well as in the cases of extremely low conductivity of inclusions. The three-phase composite model (TPhM) is applied for solving the unit cell problems in the cases of the inclusions with small diameters, and the asymptotic analysis of the obtained solutions is performed for inclusions of small sizes. The obtained results are analyzed and illustrated graphically, and the limits of their applicability are evaluated. They are compared with the known numerical and asymptotic data in some particular cases, and very good agreement is demonstrated.
CAPM estimates: Can data frequency and time period lend a hand?
Authors: Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Khalid Saniya , Ameer Saba
Published: August 2016

This study is based on positivism research philosophy and utilizes deductive approach. The study uses a dataset of 117 firms listed on KSE-100 Index from 2005 to 2012 to analyze the predictability of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) under different data frequencies and time frames. Six months daily data, in contradiction to the recommended five years monthly data, provides the best estimates. However, the performance of model can be regarded poor as it only explains 7.39% difference in returns.
Spiral Slotted Microstrip Antenna Design for 700 MHz Band Application
Authors: Meneses González Ricardo , Linares y Miranda R. , Leyva Hernández R.
Published: August 2016

This work describes the design and implementation of spiral slotted microstrip antenna. Recently, just like other countries, in Mexico, terrestrial digital television has been implemented (analogic shutdown); as a consequence, the 700 MHz UFH Band (698–806 MHz) has been opened to new telecommunications services, particularly wireless mobile communication. This technological advance represents a radio mobile antenna design challenge because it is necessary to design an antenna whose dimensions must be small enough, which satisfies gain, resonance frequency, and bandwidth requirements and is of low cost.
Impact Response of Quasi-Isotropic Asymmetric Carbon Fabric/Epoxy Laminate Infused with MWCNTs
Authors: Singh Nand Kishore , Rawat Prashant , Singh K. K.
Published: August 2016

Effect of embedding multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on low velocity impact response of quasi-isotropic asymmetric laminate of plain woven carbon fabric/epoxy was investigated. Laminates were embedded with 0 wt.%, 2 wt.%, and 5 wt.% MWCNTs to improve impact resistance. Impact in laminates was conducted according to ASTM D7136 standard at an impact energy of 94.14 J corresponding to the impact velocity of 6 m/sec. Energy-time response, force-time response, and pyramidal damage area of laminates doped with varying weight percentage (wt.%) of MWCNTs were quantified and compared with laminate without MWCNTs. Absorbed impact energy increases by 13.53% on doping of 2 wt.% MWCNTs, whereas it decreases by 10.49% on doping 5 wt.% MWCNTs. Damage area is reduced on doping 2 wt.% MWCNTs in laminate.
Application of Coal Ash to Postmine Land for Prevention of Soil Erosion in Coal Mine in Indonesia: Utilization of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash
Authors: Matsumoto Shinji , Ogata Shunta , Shimada Hideki , Sasaoka Takashi , Kusuma Ginting J. , Gautama Rudy S.
Published: August 2016

The increase in the number of coal-fired power plants with the increase in coal production and its consumption has caused the problem of the treatment of a large amount of coal ash in Indonesia. In the past studies, coal ash was applied to postmine land with the aim of improving soil conditions for plant growth; however, heavy rain in the tropical climate may cause soil erosion with the change in soil conditions. This study presents the effects of application of coal ash to postmine land on soil erosion by performing the artificial rainfall test as well as physical testing. The results indicate that the risk of soil erosion can be reduced significantly by applying the coal ash which consists of more than 85% of sand to topsoil in the postmine land at the mixing ratio of over 30%. Additionally, they reveal that not only fine fractions but also microporous structures in coal ash enhance water retention capacity by retaining water in the structure, leading to the prevention of soil erosion. Thus, the risk of soil erosion can be reduced by applying coal ash to topsoil in consideration of soil composition and microporous structure of coal ash.
FTY720 (Fingolimod) Inhibits HIF1 and HIF2 Signaling, Promotes Vascular Remodeling, and Chemosensitizes in Renal Cell Carcinoma Animal Model
Authors: Gstalder Cécile , Ader Isabelle , Cuvillier Olivier
Published: August 2016

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by intratumoral hypoxia and chemoresistance. The hypoxia-inducible factors HIF1α and HIF2α play a crucial role in ccRCC initiation and progression. We previously identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) pathway as a new modulator of HIF1α and HIF2α under hypoxia in various cancer cell models. Here, we report that FTY720, an inhibitor of the S1P signaling pathway, inhibits both HIF1α and HIF2α accumulation in several human cancer cell lines. In a ccRCC heterotopic xenograft model, we show that FTY720 transiently decreases HIF1α and HIF2α intratumoral level and modifies tumor vessel architecture within 5 days of treatment, suggesting a vascular normalization. In mice bearing subcutaneous ccRCC tumor, FTY720 and a gemcitabine-based chemotherapy alone display a limited effect, whereas, in combination, there is a significant effect on tumor size without toxicity. Noteworthy, administration of FTY720 for 5 days before chemotherapy is not associated with a more effective tumor control, suggesting a mode of action mainly independent of the vascular remodeling. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that FTY720 could successfully sensitize ccRCC to chemotherapy and establish this molecule as a potent therapeutic agent for ccRCC treatment, independently of drug scheduling. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2465–74. ©2016 AACR.
Vestígios de um diário fotográfico
Authors: Samain Etienne
Published: August 2016

.
In‐Hospital Vital Status and Heart Transplants After Intervention for Congenital Heart Disease in the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium: Completeness of Ascertainment Using the National Death Index and United Network for Organ Sharing Datasets
Authors: Spector Logan G. , Menk Jeremiah S. , Vinocur Jeffrey M. , Oster Matthew E. , Harvey Brian A. , St. Louis James D. , Moller James , Kochilas Lazaros K.
Published: August 2016

Background

The long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing interventions for congenital heart disease (
CHD
) remain largely unknown. We linked the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (
PCCC
) with the National Death Index (
NDI
) and the United Network for Organ Sharing Dataset (
UNOS
) registries to study mortality and transplant occurring up to 32 years postintervention. The objective of the current analysis was to determine the sensitivity of this linkage in identifying patients who are known to have died or undergone heart transplant.

Methods and Results

We used direct identifiers from 59 324 subjects registered in the
PCCC
between 1982 and 2003 to test for completeness of case ascertainment of subjects with known vital and heart transplant status by linkage with the
NDI
and
UNOS
registries. Of the 4612 in‐hospital deaths, 3873 were identified by the
NDI
as “true” matches for a sensitivity of 84.0% (95%
CI,
82.9–85.0). There was no difference in sensitivity across 25 congenital cardiovascular conditions after adjustment for age, sex, race, presence of first name, death year, and residence at death. Of 455 known heart transplants in the
PCCC
, there were 408 matches in the
UNOS
registry, for a sensitivity of 89.7% (95%
CI
, 86.9–92.3). An additional 4851 deaths and 363 transplants that occurred outside the
PCCC
were identified through 2014.

Conclusions

The linkage of the
PCCC
with the
NDI
and
UNOS
national registries is feasible with a satisfactory sensitivity. This linkage provides a conservative estimate of the long‐term death and heart transplant events in this cohort.
Interannual Signature in Daily ITCZ States in the East Pacific in Boreal Spring
Authors: Yang Wenchang , Magnusdottir Gudrun
Published: August 2016

The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the east Pacific is located north of the equator during most of the year. In daily data it is most variable in March–April when it may be located north of the equator (nITCZ), on both sides of the equator (dITCZ), or south of the equator (sITCZ), or it may be absent (when convection does not take on a zonally elongated form). Additionally, in strong El Niño years it is located on the equator during the boreal winter half-year. Here the focus is on conditions when the ITCZ has a presence south of the equator (dITCZ, sITCZ) and composites of various fields are compared to “normal conditions” [i.e., when the ITCZ is north of the equator (nITCZ)]. Composites of sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation, outgoing longwave radiation, and the upper-level circulation show very similar patterns for dITCZ and sITCZ days, where the latter cases have almost double the amplitude of the former. The sITCZ state is viewed as an extreme case of the dITCZ state. Both are found to be related to the central Pacific (CP) La Niña with anomalous positive SST and atmospheric heating over the western tropical Pacific and anomalous negative SST and cooling over the central tropical Pacific. Ocean–atmosphere interaction plays an important role in developing the dITCZ and sITCZ anomalies. These daily composite patterns can be reproduced by the regression of monthly fields on the cold CP El Niño–Southern Oscillation mode, suggesting that the interannual rather than day-to-day variability dominates in contributing to the patterns of the composites.
A Linear Stochastic Field Model of Midlatitude Mesoscale Variability
Authors: Samelson R. M. , Schlax M. G. , Chelton D. B.
Published: August 2016

A semiempirical model of midlatitude sea surface height (SSH) variability is formulated and tested against two decades of weekly global fields of merged altimeter data. The model is constrained to match approximately the observed SSH wavenumber power spectrum, but it predicts the spatiotemporal SSH field structure as a propagating, damped, linear response to a stochastic forcing field. An objective, coherent-eddy identification and tracking procedure is applied to the model and altimeter SSH fields, with a focus on eddies with lifetimes L ≥ 16 weeks. The model eddy dataset reproduces the basic global-mean characteristics of the altimeter eddy dataset, including the structure of mean amplitude and scale life cycles, the number distributions versus lifetime, and the distributions of all eddy length scale realizations. The model underpredicts the numbers of eddy realizations with large amplitudes and large scales, overpredicts the growth of mean amplitude and scale with lifetime, and modestly overpredicts the curvature of the mean amplitude life cycle and the number of eddies with intermediate lifetimes. The stochastic forcing evidently represents nonlinear dynamical interactions, implying that eddy splitting and merging events are equally likely, and that mesoscale nonlinearity is weaker than longwave linearity but as strong as shortwave dispersion. The time-reversal symmetry of the life cycles is explained by the time reversibility of the underlying stochastic model. The random SSH increment processes are effectively continuous on the derived 25-week damping time scale, with SSH-increment standard deviation σW ≈ 2.5 × 10−3 cm s−1/2.
Overview of MPLNET Version 3 Cloud Detection
Authors: Lewis Jasper R. , Campbell James R. , Welton Ellsworth J. , Stewart Sebastian A. , Haftings Phillip C.
Published: August 2016

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Micro Pulse Lidar Network, version 3, cloud detection algorithm is described and differences relative to the previous version are highlighted. Clouds are identified from normalized level 1 signal profiles using two complementary methods. The first method considers vertical signal derivatives for detecting low-level clouds. The second method, which detects high-level clouds like cirrus, is based on signal uncertainties necessitated by the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio exhibited in the upper troposphere by eye-safe network instruments, especially during daytime. Furthermore, a multitemporal averaging scheme is used to improve cloud detection under conditions of a weak signal-to-noise ratio. Diurnal and seasonal cycles of cloud occurrence frequency based on one year of measurements at the Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, Maryland) site are compared for the new and previous versions. The largest differences, and perceived improvement, in detection occurs for high clouds (above 5 km, above MSL), which increase in occurrence by over 5%. There is also an increase in the detection of multilayered cloud profiles from 9% to 19%. Macrophysical properties and estimates of cloud optical depth are presented for a transparent cirrus dataset. However, the limit to which the cirrus cloud optical depth could be reliably estimated occurs between 0.5 and 0.8. A comparison using collocated CALIPSO measurements at the Goddard Space Flight Center and Singapore Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) sites indicates improvements in cloud occurrence frequencies and layer heights.
Brightness Temperature Simulation of Observed Precipitation Using a Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Model
Authors: Adams Ian S. , Bettenhausen Michael H.
Published: August 2016

This study demonstrates the capabilities of a three-dimensional radiative transfer model coupled to a polarized microwave surface emissivity model. Simulations are performed at 10, 19, and 37 GHz for TMI and WindSat using three-dimensional fields of rain, snow, and graupel derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission observations of moderate Tropical Storm Asma in conjunction with atmospheric profiles and surface fields from ECMWF. Simulations are well behaved and compare well with measured brightness temperatures. Comparisons are made between simulations with a wind-roughened surface and simulations assuming a specular surface. This theoretical study, which is supported with WindSat retrievals, shows the frequencies and conditions under which surface emissions may be detected in the presence of rain.
Transitions and trajectories from higher education to work and back – A comparison between Finnish and Portuguese graduates
Authors: Alves Mariana Gaio , Korhonen Vesa
Published: August 2016

There is growing evidence that transitions from education to work (and from work to education) can take place several times and occur at different points in an individual’s life cycle. This paper’s overall intention is to contribute to a deeper understanding of higher education graduates’ transitions between education and work shortly after graduation. This contribution draws on the secondary analysis of data collected throughout the employability surveys answered by master’s graduates from two universities (Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Tampere University) in different countries (respectively, Portugal and Finland). Aiming at advancing comparative analysis that enables to illustrate the diversity within Europe in this field, a theoretical framework that comprises societal factors, local constellations of institutional systems (in higher education and in the world of work) and individual agency is outlined. Aspects such as the occupational specificities of the degrees, the institutional reputation of the universities and segmentations of national labour markets are also considered in the analysis. Results suggest many similarities but also significant differences within the transitions experienced by master’s graduates from the two universities, reinforcing the idea that employability is the result of a complex set of factors and variables within a changing inter-relationship of higher education and work.
Drivers and effects of labour market reforms: Evidence from a novel policy compendium
Authors: Adascalitei Dragos , Pignatti Morano Clemente
Published: August 2016

The paper analyses the determinants and short-term effects of labour market reforms, using information from a novel policy compendium that covers 110 developed and developing economies between 2008 and 2014. We find that the approval of reforms is positively associated with the unemployment rate, the simultaneous implementation of fiscal consolidation measures and the presence of a fixed exchange rate regime. Differences in the results are explored by looking at the direction of reforms (i.e. increasing or decreasing legislation), temporal horizon (i.e. temporary or permanent measures) and coverage (i.e. complete or two-tier reforms); while also analysing separately reforms’ determinants across domains of labour legislation (e.g. permanent contracts, collective dismissals). Finally, we find that deregulatory labour market reforms tend to increase the unemployment rate in the short run when they are approved during contractionary periods—while they have a non-significant effect when approved during periods of economic stability or expansion.

JEL Classification: J20, J52, J38, J48, J58, K31
Multidisciplinary Care of Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Salvador-Coloma Carmen , Cohen Ezra
Published: August 2016

Treatment of larynx cancer has changed dramatically over the past several years. Novel modalities of treatment have been introduced as organ preservation has been developed. In addition, new targeted therapies have appeared, and improvements in radiotherapeutic and surgical techniques have been introduced. Thus, a large variety of treatment options is increasing local control rates and overall survival; however, selecting the most appropriate treatment remains a challenging decision. This article focuses on the multidisciplinary care of early-stage and locally advanced larynx cancer and attempts to sum up different approaches. Moreover, it reviews state-of-the-art treatment in larynx preservation, which has been consolidated in recent years.