bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H49R MUTATION OF THE SOD1 GENE AS A CAUSE OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Syromiatnikov N. N. , Tappakhov A. A. , Davydova T. K. , Konnikova E. E. , Khabarova Y. I.
Published: January 2025

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease within the spectrum of motor neuron disorders, selectively targeting central and peripheral motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, with highly variable clinical manifestations. One rare form of ALS is progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), primarily characterized by the selective involvement of peripheral motor neurons and a slower, less aggressive progression compared to classical ALS. Currently, the scientiﬁc community lacks consensus on whether PMA should be classiﬁed as a distinct nosological entity or as a subtype of ALS.

Recent advancements in genetic research have identiﬁed that familial and hereditary forms of ALS are most frequently linked to mutations in the SOD1, TARDBP, C9orf72, and FUS genes, among others. Moreover, increasing progress in genetic testing now enables the identiﬁcation of mutant genes responsible for various phenotypes. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of motor neuron diseases is crucial for elucidating their pathogenesis, which may pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

This article presents a clinical case involving a patient with a PMA phenotype associated with the H49R mutation in the SOD1 gene. A comprehensive account of the patient’s anamnesis, clinical presentation, molecular-genetic ﬁndings, as well as results from instrumental investigations, including electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging, is provided. The article discusses the potential nosological autonomy of PMA and its association with the H49R mutation, referencing current data from both Russian and international studies. Additionally, the article highlights the challenges of differential diagnosis, particularly in distinguishing PMA from other neurodegenerative diseases with similar clinical proﬁles.

This case contributes to the expanding knowledge of the heterogeneity of motor neuron diseases and underscores the importance of molecular-genetic testing in predicting disease prognosis and guiding patient management.
POSSIBILITIES OF EFFECTIVE INTERACTION IN THE PHARMACOVIGILANCE SYSTEM AT REGISTERING UNDESIRABLE MEDICINAL REACTIONS IN SENIOR PATIENTS
Authors: Kochkina E. O. , Konovalova A. A. , Verlan N. V. , Bessonova L. O.
Published: January 2025

In the recent years, complications of drug therapy are an important medical problem. Data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older patients were analyzed. The object of the study was notiﬁcation cards for NR received from medical organizations (MO) of Irkutsk region for a ﬁve-year period. The Narangio scale was used to assess the causality (SST) between ADR and LS. Of the 1068 ADR notiﬁcations in patients over 60 years of age, 2/3 (705) are presented with ADR notiﬁcations in women, 363 (34.0 %) – in men. The presence of background diseases was registered in 940 notiﬁcations (88.0 %). There were no gender differences except for a higher incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in men (7.2 % and 3.5 %, respectively, p < 0.05) and diabetes mellitus in women (14.0 % and 3.5 %, respectively, p < 0.05). ARs for antibacterial agents amounted to 31.8 %, drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases – 10.5 %, cases of therapeutic inefﬁciency – 5.4 %. The ADR data statement was in line with the recommended form of 76 %. The most common ﬁlling defect was incomplete patient information. The validity of the Narango PSS was high. The deadlines for reporting data were observed in 93 %. For effective interaction in the pharmacovigilance system, it is necessary for each MO to constantly inform about the procedure for pharmacovigilance, types of ADRs, the rules for their detection and the timing of data reporting. The work should be supervised by a trained specialist.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПЕРВОНАЧАЛЬНЫХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ МАССИВА ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД В УСЛОВИЯХ КЫЗЫЛ-ТАШТЫГСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Сентябов С.В. , Ушаков Е.М.
Published: January 2025

Оценку напряженного состояния конструктивных элементов камерных систем разработки с обрушением крепких руд необходимо производить при решении геомеханических задач на основе выявленного несоответствия параметров прочностных свойств скальных горных пород, определенных по существующим методикам, их значениям в натурных условиях. Разница между полученными значениями данных параметров может достигать 1,8 раза. В процессе исследований определены параметры природного напряженно-деформированного состояния (НДС) массива горных пород на основе проведенных натурных исследований в условиях интенсивной разработки Кызыл-Таштыгского месторождения подземным способом. Исследования направлены на снижение и прогнозирование риска геодинамических явлений при ведении горных работ. Данная задача неосуществима без ведения мониторинга напряженного состояния месторождения, информационного обеспечения недропользователей при геологическом изучении и разработке месторождения полезного ископаемого. Исследования проведены с помощью общепринятых методов и аппаратуры, согласно требованиям инструктивных документов. Таким образом, расчетный геомеханический прогноз и определение первоначального напряженного состояния на рудниках остаются до настоящего времени весьма актуальными.

An assessment of the stress state of structural elements of chamber mining systems with the collapse of hard ores is to be made when solving geomechanical problems based on the identified discrepancy between the parameters of the strength properties of rocks, determined by existing methods, and their values in natural conditions. The difference between the obtained values of these parameters can reach 1,8 times. In the process of research, the parameters of the natural stress-strain state (SSS) of the rock mass were determined based on field studies carried out under the conditions of intensive underground development of the Kyzyl-Tashtyg deposit. Research is aimed at reducing and predicting the risk of geodynamic phenomena during mining operations. This task is not feasible without monitoring the stressed state of the deposit and providing information to subsoil users during the geological study and development of a mineral deposit. The studies were carried out using generally accepted methods and equipment, in accordance with the requirements of the instructional documents. Thus, the calculated geomechanical forecast and determination of the initial stress state in mines remain very relevant to this day.
АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ УПРУГИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД В ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Харисов Т.Ф. , Авдеев А.Н. , Коптяков Д.А.
Published: January 2025

В работе описываются и сравниваются методы определения модуля упругости горных пород при их одноосном нагружении. Испытания с предварительным уплотнением образцов, при котором деформации измеряются экстензометрами, как правило, дают наилучшие результаты. Разница между сравниваемыми методами при определении модуля упругости достигает 25 %. Из анализа результатов был сделан вывод, что на результаты определения упругих постоянных при испытаниях в условиях одноосного сжатия влияет выбор прямолинейного участка кривой напряжение-деформация.

The paper describes and compares methods for determining the modulus of elasticity of rocks under uniaxial loading. Tests with pre-compaction of samples, in which deformations measured with extensometers, usually give the best results. The difference between the compared methods when determining the modulus of elasticity reaches 25 %. From the analysis of the results, we noted that the results of determining elastic constants, when tested under uniaxial compression conditions are influenced by the choice of a rectilinear section of the stress-strain curve.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ СКВАЖИННЫХ ЗАРЯДОВ ПРИ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ТОЧКИ ИНИЦИИРОВАНИЯ ПО ВЫСОТЕ КОЛОНКИ ЗАРЯДА
Authors: Галимьянов А.А. , Мишнев В.И.
Published: January 2025

Нарастающие объемы горных работ выявили ряд задач, одной из которых является разрушение горного массива буровзрывным способом. В настоящее время на открытых горных работах уникальным и практически единственным высокоэффективным способом подготовки горного массива к выемке является его разрушение энергией взрыва при производстве. Выбор вариантов инициирования скважинных зарядов является одной из важнейших задач в горной промышленности. В статье приводится исследование эффективности конструкции скважинных зарядов при изменении расположения точки инициирования по высоте столба заряда в зависимости от параметров буровзрывных работ и свойств горного массива посредством производства экспериментальных взрывов на открытых горных работах. Данное исследование поможет улучшить подготовку горного массива к выемке буровзрывным способом и значительно сократит расходы на проведение взрывных работ.

The increasing volumes of mining work have revealed a number of tasks, one of which is the destruction of the mountain range by drilling and blasting. Currently, in open-pit mining, a unique and practically the only highly effective way to prepare a rock mass for excavation is its destruction by explosion energy during production. Selecting options for initiating borehole charges is one of the most important tasks in the mining industry. The article provides a study of the effectiveness of the design of borehole charges when changing the location of the initiation point along the height of the charge column, depending on the parameters of drilling and blasting operations and the properties of the rock mass through the production of experimental explosions in open-pit mining. This study will help to improve the preparation of the rock mass for excavation by drilling and blasting and will significantly reduce the cost of blasting.
ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОПТИМУМ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ МОЛОКОСВЕРТЫВАЮЩИХ ФЕРМЕНТОВ
Authors: Гришкова Анастасия Викторовна , Стурова Юлия Геннадьевна , Белов Александр Николаевич , Коваль Анатолий Дмитриевич
Published: January 2025

Молокосвёртывающим ферментным препаратам отводится важная роль в производстве сыра. Первая важная функция МФП – это непосредственное участие в одной из важнейших технологических операций – свёртывании молока. Продолжительность свёртывания и структурно-механические свойства сырного сгустка – критически важные показатели, от которых зависят содержание влаги в сыре, активная кислотность сыра, динамика проникновения соли в сырную массу, выход сыра, структура, консистенция, рисунок и другие показатели, характеризующие качество сыра. Необходимо принимать во внимание, что производитель устанавливает молокосвёртывающую активность (МА) и рассчитывает дозировку фермента с использованием стандартизированного молочного субстрата. На индивидуальном сыродельном предприятии характеристики молочной смеси могут варьировать и не совпадать с его показателями. В результате расход вносимого МФП может отличаться от значений, рекомендуемых производителем коагулянта молока. Внесение завышенной дозы молокосвёртывающего фермента может негативно повлиять на выход и качество производимого сыра из-за избыточного протеолиза. В связи с этим оценка молокосвёртывающей активности имеет большое значение. Температурный оптимум – одна их общих биохимических характеристик МФ, которая позволяет оценить МА препарата на основных технологических этапах выработки сыра.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КВАСОВ НЕОСВЕТЛЕННЫХ ИЗ РЕПЫ С РЯБИНОЙ КРАСНОЙ И ЧЕРНОПЛОДНОЙ
Authors: Нициевская Ксения Николаевна , Бородай Елена Валерьевна , Станкевич Светлана Владимировна
Published: January 2025

В настоящее время мало изученными являются исследования по разработке рецептур напитков, в частности квасов с применением овощного сырья. Цель исследования заключалась в экспериментальной оценке возможности обогащения квасов плодово-овощным сырьем регионального значения. В статье представлены данные по подбору оптимального соотношения репы, плодов рябины красной или черноплодной, изменения их концентрации в рецептуре напитка на динамику органолептических и физико-химических показателей. В данной работе авторами использовались теоретические (контент-анализ) и эмпирические методы научного исследования (экспериментальные исследования, измерения, сравнение, описание). Органолептическую оценку экспериментальных образцов проводили с применением балльной системы оценки по 25-балльной шкале. Для получения объективных данных по влиянию экстракта из рябины на качество готовых образцов была проведена оценка по физико-химическим показателям. Установлено, что для получения сбалансированного продукта по органолептическим и физико-химическим характеристикам оптимальным внесением в квас из репы плодов рябины красной является соотношение 1:1. Применение плодов рябины черноплодной в рецептуре кваса неоднозначно, поэтому требует дальнейших исследований.
СТЕНД ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КАВИТАЦИОННЫХ ЯВЛЕНИЙ В ПОЛИМЕРАХ И ИХ РАСПЛАВАХ ПРИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ НА НИХ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫМИ КОЛЕБАНИЯМИ ВЫСОКОЙ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ
Authors: Барсуков Роман Владиславович , Голых Роман Николаевич , Барсуков Александр Романович , Сливин Алексей Николаевич
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена разработке экспериментального стенда, предназначенного для изучения кавитационных явлений, возникающих в расплавах полимеров. В основе работы стенда лежит получение и анализ спектра акустической эмиссии (в звуковом диапазоне) области непосредственного контакта ультразвукового излучателя и расплава полимера. Получены пробные спектры при воздействии на газ, жидкость и расплав этилвинилацетата. Разработанный стенд позволит изучить и максимально раскрыть потенциал ультразвуковой сварки полимеров, в частности, позволит выработать методы эффективной реализации процесса сварки разнородных материалов.
ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ТОРФА: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: Передерин Юрий Владимирович , Анзельм Екатерина Германовна , Усольцева Ирина Олеговна
Published: January 2025

В статье представлены результаты анализа российских патентов, исследований отечественных и зарубежных авторов, работы которых посвящены методам глубокой переработки низинного и верхового типов торфа. Большой инновационный потенциал имеют торф и продукты его переработки, так как в зависимости от вида обработки сырья они обладают легкодоступностью, высокой биологической активностью, антимикробными свойства, способны связывать органические и неорганические соединения. Важно отметить, что целесообразность использования природного сырья определяется его доступностью, безопасностью для окружающей среды и конкурентоспособностью, по сравнению с синтетическими аналогами. В ходе проведенного обзора выявлено, что главная проблема выделения целевых компонентов из торфа состоит в плотноупакованной оболочки, состоящей, в основной своей массе, из лигнина и целлюлозы – негидролизируемых веществ. Для разрушения описанных соединений и перевода полезных компонентов в водорастворимое состояние применяют такие методы переработки, как механо-физическую (термолиз, ультразвук, СВЧ-излучение, диспергаторы, кавитаторы, радиация), химическую (гидролиз, экстракция, ферментация) и механохимическую активацию сырья. Исследовано, что более эффективным и высокоинтенсивным является комплексный подход к переработке торфа. Широкий перечень продуктов, получаемых из высокоуглеродного сырья, может быть использован в сельском хозяйстве, как удобрение, в качестве восстановителя почв, в фармакологии, как компонент лекарственных средств, в сорбционных процессах, как очиститель от нефтяных разливов и тяжелых металлов.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗМЕРА ЧАСТИЦ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЯ НА СВОЙСТВА КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ ЭПОКСИДНО-ДИАНОВОЙ СМОЛЫ
Authors: Еремин Евгений Николаевич , Кукушина Ксения Геннадьевна
Published: January 2025

В работе исследовано влияние размера частиц наполнителя на свойства  композиционного материала. Показаны свойства высоконаполненных композитов с разными размерами частиц наполнителя. Изучена морфология наполнителей разного размера с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии (SEM). Кроме того, изучены такие физико-механические и технологические характеристики материалов как твердость, плотность, усадка, жизнеспособность и водопоглощение. Представлена производственная технология приготовления композитов на основе эпоксидно-диановой смолы, наполненных титанатом бария. Установлено, что при приготовлении одномодальных композиций на основе эпоксидно-диановой смолы для получения диэлектрических материалов использование порошка наполнителя более крупной фракции предпочтительнее, чем использовании мелких частиц.
Structured Filter Pruning applied to Mask R-CNN: A path to efficient image segmentation
Authors: Frühwirth Yannik
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the optimization of two-stage object recognition systems, integral to a variety of applications, through advanced machine learning techniques. While such systems achieve high accuracy, they often suffer from over-parametrization and excessive computational demands. Addressing this, a pruning method tailored for complex architectures like Mask R-CNN was developed, aimed at reducing model complexity and storage without sacrificing accuracy.

Employing a Global Kernel Level Filter Pruning strategy, identified by the L1-Norm, the approach strategically eliminated non-essential parameters post-training. This method maintains high recognition accuracy; the experiments demonstrated that accuracy remained robust up to 40\% pruning, achieving a compression ratioof 1.25 and an IoU@0.5 of 0.72.
The findings offer valuable insights for the field, presenting a nuanced approach to enhancing Neural Network efficacy while maintaining performance, thereby contributing to the ongoing dialogue in AI optimization.
Analysis of Al Haydawan (Boerhavia elegana) Seed Extracts: Mineral Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Primary Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Almegairshah Suad Ali Sulaiman , Ali Asmahan Azhari , Mohamed Sahar Hassan Salah
Published: January 2025

Many consumers are increasingly seeking safer alternatives to synthetic additives in food, leading to a preference for healthier options. Consequently, the food industry is exploring various plant-based preservatives. These natural ingredients offer antioxidant benefits, boost bioactive compound levels, and enhance food products' microbiological stability. It is also crucial to assess how these preservatives influence the sensory attributes of new items, as they may produce flavors or textures that some consumers find unappealing. Boerhavia elegana L. (from the Nyctaginaceae family) is a medicinal plant known for treating kidney issues, urinary problems, and blood purifying. This study investigated the differences between aqueous and ethanolic AlHaydawan extracts regarding mineral, antioxidant, and phenolic content on cold storage's first and seventh days.
تأثير إضافة حامض الهيوميك في نسبة الإنبات وبعض الصفات المورفولوجية ومحتوى البروتين لثلاثة أصناف من الذرة البيضاء تحت ظروف الإجهاد الملحي
Authors: الطه غادة محمد رشيد
Published: January 2025

نفذ هذا البحث في قرية حويجة السوافي التي تقع على بعد 3كم جنوب محافظة الرقة خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2010و2011. بهدف دراسة تأثير إضافة حامض الهيوميك في نسبة الإنبات وبعض الصفات المورفولوجية ومحتوى البذور من البروتين لثلاثة اصناف من الذرة البيضاء تحت ظروف الاجهاد الملحي. صممت التجربة بطريقة القطع المنشقة بثلاثة مكررات تضمنت التجربة ثلاثة مستويات مختلفة لملوحة التربة وهي على الترتيب 1.3، 7.6و 10 ديسيسمنز م-1، وثلاثة تراكيز من السماد العضوي الهيوميك 0، 1، 2   غم لتر-1 وثلاثة اصناف من الذرة البيضاء (حموي، روزينة، ازرع3). درست الصفات التالية نسبة الإنبات، عدد الإشطاءات على النبات، ارتفاع النبات ومحتوى البذور من البروتين. بينت نتائج البحث انخفاض معنوي في متوسط الصفات المدروسة مع ارتفاع مستوى ملوحة التربة من 1.3 ديسيسمنز م-1 الى 10 ديسيسمنز م-1. تأثرت الأصناف كافة بزيادة الملوحة وتفوق الطراز حموي في صفة النسبة المئوية للإنبات وارتفاع النبات تحت مستويات الاجهاد الملحي المدروسة قياساً بالصفين الاخرين. أدت إضافة المخصب العضوي الهيوميك بالتركيزين 2, 1 غم لتر-1 أدى إلى التخفيف من الاثر الضار للملوحة في كافة الصفات المدروسة، وتفوق التركيز2 غم لتر-1 إذ اعطى اعلى متوسط للصفات المدروسة كافة.  التداخل بين ملوحة التربة والهيوميك اعطى أثر إيجاباً بصورة معنوية في الصفات المدروسة.
Patient with Deeply Burned Head Due to Electrical Injury: Case Report
Authors:   Burns and Reconstructive Plast. Surg. Clinic AGEL Hospital Košice šaca, Slovak Republic, P Lengyel , E Frišman ,   Burns and Reconstructive Plast. Surg. Clinic AGEL Hospital Košice šaca, Slovak Republic, E Eliáš ,   Burns and Reconstructive Plast. Surg. Clinic AGEL Hospital Košice šaca, Slovak Republic, S Hyseniová ,   Burns and Reconstructive Plast. Surg. Clinic AGEL Hospital Košice šaca, Slovak Republic, T Demčák ,   Burns and Reconstructive Plast. Surg. Clinic AGEL Hospital Košice šaca, Slovak Republic, M Michalíková ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Mechanical Engineering Faculty Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic
Published: January 2025

61-year-old man suffered an electric shock at a low voltage alternant current while repairing electrical wiring at work. The patient was admitted to regional hospital and after stabilizing his healthy status and regaining consciousness, he was transferred to our workplace.

On admission, the patient was conscious, on the head there were an entrance and exit wounds in left frontotemporal and frontoparietal regions of IIIIVth degree electric current burns, a sutured linear wound. Necrectomy of deep burns by electric current on the head in the frontoparietal area on the left side as well as the frontotemporal area on the left, including part of the left upper eyelid and eyebrow, was performed under general anesthesia. Tangential removal of pathologically changed parts of the frontal bone, the lateral edge of the orbit, M.Orbicularis OC.l.Sin, m. temporalis was performed. The defect of soft tissue in the left temporoparietal area was solved by reconstructive surgery. rotational: 1 fasciocutaneous and 1 musclecutaneous flap. Defect in the left frontoparietal area was solved by a rotational fasciocutaneous flap from the biparietal area.

In postoperative course necrotic tip of the flap near left lateral eyedge was solved by local plasty respectivelly skin grafting. After this the healing of the wounds was continued and finished and the patient was discharged from our workplace after 20 days of hospitalisation.
Hot-Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay (Hot-NALFA): A Novel Method for Point Mutation Detection
Authors: Agarwal Priyanka , Agrawal Shubham , Toley Bhushan
Published: January 2025

This study presents "hot-nucleic acid lateral flow assay" (Hot-NALFA), an innovative method for detecting point mutations in nucleic acid sequences. Hot-NALFA integrates the temperature-sensitive allelic discrimination properties of molecular beacons into a lateral flow assay format operating at elevated temperatures (~45–55°C). This approach enables end-point, visual detection of mutations, eliminating the requirement for real-time fluorescence instrumentation traditionally associated with molecular beacon-based allelic discrimination. The method exhibits high specificity, generating a visible test line exclusively in the presence of mutant targets. The technique was validated with synthetic sequences representing two clinically significant mutations: P681H in the S gene of SARS-CoV-2 and H526Y in the rpob gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Optimal binary discrimination between wild-type and mutant sequences was achieved within the temperature range of 45–55°C for both mutations. By enabling direct allelic discrimination in a simple and cost-effective lateral flow assay format, Hot-NALFA addresses key limitations of current mutation detection methods and holds promise for point-of-care diagnostics.
Catechol chemistry unleashed: Spontaneous reactions in physiologically-relevant media
Authors: Dieni Christopher , Spiess Brett
Published: January 2025

Catecholic compounds, characterized by their distinct dihydroxybenzene functional groups, are recognized for their diverse biological roles and emerging therapeutic potential. Despite significant advances in understanding their biotransformation and chemical reactivity, the potential for enzyme-independent reactions of catechols under physiologically relevant conditions remains underexplored. This study investigates the enzyme- and cell-free transformations of catechol in cell culture media and biocompatible buffers. In neutral to mildly alkaline (pH 7.0-8.0) phosphate buffer without additional additives, catechol transformed into dark-coloured, spectrally active species (“browning”) within 6 hours, in a temperature-dependent manner. The presence of amine-containing molecules – including amino acids (glycine, lysine, proline), biocompatible buffers (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or Tris), and proteins (bovine serum albumin, or BSA) – dramatically accelerated browning rates in a pH-dependent manner, with visually detectable and spectrophotometrically quantifiable changes occurring within minutes. BSA-enhanced catechol browning also altered the protein's electrophoretic mobility, suggesting structural modifications induced by the browning reaction. These transformations may occur before cellular uptake or interaction with biological targets, potentially influencing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of catecholic compounds. This work raises new questions about the structural-functional relationships of catecholic compounds and underscores the importance of accounting for their spontaneous reactivity in experimental design.
Autonomous Organic Synthesis for Redox Flow Batteries via Flexible Batch Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Tamura Clara , Job Heather , Chang Henry , Wang Wei , Liang Yangang , Sun Shijing
Published: January 2025

Traditional trial-and-error methods for materials discovery are too slow to meet the urgent demands posed by the rapid progression of climate change. This urgency has driven the increasing interest in integrating robotics and machine learning into materials research to accelerate experimental learning. However, idealized decision-making frameworks to achieve maximum sampling efficiency are not always compatible with high-throughput experimental workflows inside a laboratory. For multistep chemical processes, differences in hardware capacities can complicate the digital framework by introducing constraints on the maximum number of samples in each step of the experiment, hence causing varying batch sizes in variable selection within the same batch. Therefore, designing flexible sampling algorithms is necessary to accommodate the multi-step synthesis with practical sampling constraints unique to each high-throughput workflow. In this work, we designed and employed three strategies on a high-throughput robotic platform to optimize the sulfonation reaction of redox-active molecules used in flow batteries. Our strategies adapt to the multi-step experimental workflow, where their formulation and heating steps are separate, causing varying batch size requirements. By strategically sampling using clustering and mixed-variable batch Bayesian optimization, we were able to iteratively identify optimal conditions that maximize the yields. Our work presents a new approach that allows tailoring the ML decision-making to suit the practical constraints in individual HTP platforms, followed by performing resource-efficient yield optimization using already existing and available open-source Python libraries.
Synergistic Stabilization of Pea Protein Isolate Solutions with Xanthan and Low Acyl Gellan Gums
Authors: Contreras Rodrigo , Mayne-Nicholls Antonia , Lauzan Geronimo , Pizarro Marisol
Published: January 2025

The stability of pea protein isolate (PPI) solutions is critical for their application in plant-based food formulations. This study evaluates the effectiveness of natural hydrocolloids, including xanthan gum, low-acyl (LA)-gellan gum, and their combinations, as stabilizers for PPI solutions. The physicochemical properties of PPI were characterized, revealing a high protein content (79 g/100 g) and moderate solubility (57.82% at pH 7.0–7.5). Sedimentation kinetics and effective concentrations (EC50) were analyzed to assess the stabilizers’ performance. Xanthan gum and LA-gellan gum demonstrated significant individual stabilizing effects, with the lowest sedimentation rate constants (k) and EC50 values. Combinations of these gums exhibited synergistic stabilization, notably at balanced ratios, achieving over 70% protein solubility after 100 minutes. These findings highlight the potential of natural stabilizers to replace traditional sucrose-based approaches, aligning with consumer demand for healthier and more sustainable food products. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of innovative plant-based formulations that balance functional, nutritional, and sensory attributes.
A Nanoscale view of Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Khoshkalam Mohamad , Ghaffari-Tabrizi Fardin , Christensen Dennis
Published: January 2025

The demand for safe energy storage with high energy density is growing and as lithium-ion batteries are nearing their performance limits, solid-state batteries have emerged as promising successors. Solid-state batteries offer higher energy density, enhanced safety, and faster charge rates. However, their commercialization remains constrained by solid/solid interface processes, including metal filament formation, chemically or mechanically unstable electrolyte/electrode interfaces, and inhomogeneous cathodic reactions. Advanced nanoscale characterization techniques are essential for unveiling the mechanistic origins of solid-state battery degradation and performing real-time monitoring of nanoscale changes within battery materials, which reveal critical insights into dynamic interfacial processes under operational conditions. Such knowledge may unlock the full potential of solid-state batteries by guiding the development of new materials, battery architectures, and microstructures for improved performance and durability. This review surveys research on solid-state battery materials and components and examines how various nanoscale characterization techniques can diagnose and mitigate degradational phenomena in these electrochemical devices. We review recent studies examining different solid-state processes in solid-state batteries with a particular focus on the growth of filaments, metal deposition and secondary phase formation at the electrolyte/anode interface, interdiffusion and parasitic reactions at electrolyte/cathode interface, uneven cathodic reactions, mechanical failure of the electrodes, unwanted electronic leakage, and grain boundary heterogeneities within the electrolyte. Lastly, we describe future method developments enabling a deeper insight into the operation and degradation of solid-state batteries.
Molecular thermal engine based on a highly flexible elastic crystal
Authors: Kato Hinako , Horii Yoji , Watanabe Chiharu , Sasaki Toshiyuki , Ichiyanagi Kouhei , Noguchi Mariko , Fujimori Hiroki , Yamamoto Taro , Suzuki Hal , Hirai Yuichi , Ohmura Takahito , Yano Keigo , Hayashi Shotaro , Kajiwara Takashi
Published: January 2025

Materials that exhibit actuation behaviour in response to external stimuli have a wide range of applications owing to their ability to convert input energy into mechanical work. Light and chemicals are common sources of input energy. However, actuation using thermal energy from ambient-temperature sources remains challenging. In this study, we introduce novel elastic crystals composed of dodecylated porphyrin molecules that exhibit high flexibility and deformation in response to temperature changes. When a crystal is loaded with a small weight and positioned between high- and low-temperature heat sources, it exhibited continuous, large, and rapid oscillations. These oscillations persisted for at least 160 h, corresponding to 3.9 million deformation cycles, as long as the temperature difference was maintained. This study presents the first example of a molecular crystal functioning as an engine that can extract kinetic energy from static and ambient-temperature sources.
Temperature controlled O-PTIR measurements and photothermal signal increase at lower temperatures
Authors: Kadela Karolina , Tott Szymon , Kosowska Karolina , Wrobel Tomasz
Published: January 2025

The photothermal expansion in photothermal infrared microspectroscopy has traditionally been studied at room temperature. To enable measurements in a different temperature range, a temperature-controlled stage was fitted into the O-PTIR microscope to evaluate the O-PTIR signal of tristearin and polymers during temperature reduction from room temperature down to -100 °C. Therefore, we report the first successful temperature-controlled spectroscopic measurements and imaging of samples using O-PTIR in co-propagating mode. Moreover, for the first time we observed an up to 3- times increase in O-PTIR signal with decreasing temperature, with a maximum at -20 Co.
An Analysis for the Impact of Vehicles on Composite Road Dividers
Authors: Pande P. B. , Raut J. M. , Bhagat R. M. , Bahoria B. V. , Nandurkar B. P. , Kumbhalkar M. A. , Sargar T. S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This research seeks to tackle the significant number of deaths and injuries resulting from road accidents in India by assessing the shortcomings of conventional concrete road dividers and investigating composite materials as a safer option.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Crash simulations were conducted using the ANSYS Workbench software to evaluate the effectiveness of composite road dividers constructed from epoxy, glass fibre, and thermocol. This research examined their stress concentration, deformation, and durability compared to conventional solid and hollow concrete segments at different impact velocities.
Findings: Composite road dividers showcased exceptional performance, achieving a stress capacity of 11.184 MPa within their elastic limits. They were better at absorbing impacts, leading to decreased vehicle damage and fewer passenger injuries. Furthermore, these composites displayed improved durability, resistance to corrosion, and lower maintenance needs compared to conventional concrete dividers.
Research Limitation: The results are derived from simulated crash tests and may need additional validation through full-scale experimental testing in various environmental and traffic conditions.
Practical Implication: Composite road dividers are economical, durable, and practical means of enhancing traffic safety and minimising fatalities. Their ability to adapt to various traffic situations and withstand weather suits them ideally for contemporary infrastructure requirements.
Social Implication: Composite road dividers enhance road safety and save lives by decreasing the severity of accidents. Their implementation supports sustainable development objectives, improving public safety and reducing the economic impact of road accidents.
Originality/Value: This study emphasises the promise of composite materials as a groundbreaking approach to enhancing traffic safety.
Protective effect of venotonic formula Hemoronil tablet on croton oil prompted hemorrhoid model in wistar albino rats
Authors: Krishnan Soumya , John Linto , Joshy Layana
Published: January 2025

Hemorrhoids are among the most common and prevalent anorectal disorders, affecting an estimated 4.4% of the general population worldwide. Traditional herbal medicine has held a prominent role in the treatment of hemorrhoids since ancient times. Currently, phlebotonics are extensively utilized to manage a range of conditions, including hemorrhoids and chronic venous insufficiency. The present study evaluated the oral acute toxicity and efficacy of phlebotonics fortified with vitamins (Hemoronil Tablet) in alleviating hemorrhoidal disorders induced by croton oil in Wistar albino rats.Two series of experiments were conducted: the first evaluated the acute oral toxicity effect of Hemoronil in an experimental model, and the second assessed its protective effect in animals with induced hemorrhoids. The acute oral toxicity analysis revealed no clinical signs or mortalities when administered once orally at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Croton oil treatment significantly increased the recto-anal coefficient (p
Traditional settlements and housing of the North-Eastern Kazakhs in the early researches of Kh.A. Argynbayev
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kalysh Amanzhol , Rakhimov Yernur
Published: January 2025

The article shows the contribution of the outstanding ethnographer Kh.A. Argynbayev, one of the first scientists in Kazakhstan to study traditional settlements, housing and economic complexes of the Kazakhs of North-Eastern Kazakhstan at the turn of the mid-19th – early 20th centuries. It is noted that they functioned in the conditions of the prevailing economic and cultural type, represented by nomadic and semi-nomadic cattle breeding, as well as the emerging transition to a semi-sedentary and sedentary way of life. Along with the established forms and types of the material culture under consideration, the influence of close socio-cultural, economic and everyday contact of the Russian-Ukrainian population was also observed. The article is based on interdisciplinary research, at the intersection of ethnology, ethnography, and historiography. The methods of historical ethnography, historiographical analysis, and ethnological expertise are used. The scientific novelty lies in the formulation of the problem itself, since traditional settlements and dwellings of the northeastern Kazakhs were not previously considered as a problem in ethnology in the works of H. Argynbaev. It was revealed that in the process of ethnographic research, Khalel Argynbaevich substantiated his vision and conclusions, widely relying on a significant range of archival and written sources touching upon the problem in one aspect or another on the scale of the region under study.
Competency-based Medical Education: An Analysis of the Mandatory Internships of Medical Courses
Authors: Penrabel Rafaela Palhano Medeiros , Bastos Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira , Biberg-Salum Tânia Gisela , Silva Maurílio Barbosa de Oliveira da
Published: January 2025

Medical competence goes far beyond a knowledge of theory to incorporate its application in a variety of clinical circumstances. It includes skills and attitudes for the effective, precise and safe use of this theoretical foundation according to current demands. The objective of this study is to analyze the curricula of mandatory internships in medical programs in Mato Grosso do Sul based on the learning objectives outlined in the teaching plans, relating them to the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs) and the CanMEDS framework. The study aims to assess the alignment between the competencies proposed in local curricula and those defined by national and international standards. The present study employed qualitative and descriptive document analysis. It included 36 teaching plans extracted from the curricula of mandatory internships in medical programs from five universities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Bardin’s content analysis was conducted through three fundamental stages, supported by the IRaMuTeQ software. The results demonstrate that these curricula align with the DCNs and CanMEDS, reflecting coherence between locally defined competencies and the international expectations. This convergence highlights that both frameworks are essential for ensuring competency-based medical education, equipping professionals to meet the specific demands of the national context as well as the evolving global challenges in healthcare. The analysis of the teaching plans revealed the predominance of learning objectives expressed through verbs such as "know," "develop," and "perform," reflecting the acquisition of knowledge, the development of practical skills, and their application in healthcare delivery, health education, and management. These objectives align with the competencies outlined in the DCNs as well as the roles defined by CanMEDS, covering the dimensions of medical expert, communicator, collaborator, leader, health advocate, scholar, and professional.
Sustainable Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Challenges and Directions in the Society 5.0 Era
Authors: Kusumo Haryo , Dian Marlina  , Achmad Solechan
Published: January 2025

This study conducts a comprehensive literature review on the digital transformation required by health service institutions during the Society 5.0 era. Utilizing articles related to digital transformation and health services, the study presents qualitative data simplified into descriptive narratives to draw meaningful conclusions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review. The review identifies significant challenges, including big data utilization, data security, privacy concerns, and the implementation of cloud computing systems. Furthermore, the research synthesizes current trends and proposes actionable recommendations for overcoming these challenges, such as adopting Health 5.0 and fostering integrated Community 5.0 systems. The study underscores the importance of maintaining the human aspect amidst technological advancements. Future research directions are outlined, focusing on the "big data-based society" within Society 5.0 to explore innovative solutions, mitigate barriers, and ensure sustainable digital transformation in healthcare services.
Circumlocutions with plenny in Hawai’i Creole English
Authors: Radomyski Konrad
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the uses of circumlocutions with plenny in Hawai’i Creole English in the translation of King James’ Bible. The examples were extracted from The Revelation of St. John Divine and analyzed by means of AntConc. As a result, seven different circumlocutions have been extracted. They are found 18 times in the text. These multiword expressions function as nouns and adjectives.
The child and the natural world: Anna Barbauld’s Hymns in Prose for Children
Authors: Węgrodzka Jadwiga
Published: January 2025

Anna Laetitia Barbauld (1743–1825) is one of the eighteenth century authors of religious hymns for children, a hymn variant initiated by Isaac Watts early in the same century. Nature, as the most important spatial and thematic motif in Barbauld’s prose hymns, serves to reveal the omnipresence and power of God to the child. The didactic hymns are addressed to the “rational child”; however, the child’s unity with nature and openness to metaphysics look forward to Romanticism.
The state breeding resources of the Tsigai sheep breed of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Lushnikov  V.P.
Published: January 2025

Based on the results of the tested Tsigai sheep, an analysis of the number and main indicators of their productivity for the period from 2019 to 2023 is presented. In the Russian Federation there is one breeding plant and four breeding reproducers for breeding Tsigai sheep.
Мilk productivity of goats of alpine and nubian breeds of different genotypes for αs1-casein and αs2-casein
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Selionova M.I.
Published: January 2025

The study analyzed the genetic structure of the Russian goat population of Alpine and Nubian goat breeds by loci CSN1S1 (alleles B1, B2, B3, B4, C) and CSN1S2 (alleles A and B). It was revealed that the highest frequency of occurrence in the CSN1S1 locus in the Alpine breed is represented by goats with the B1, B3 genotype, and in the Nubian - with the CC genotype, and in the CSN1S2 locus for both breeds - with the AA genotype. There were no significant differences between animals of different genotypes at the CSN1S1 locus in either the Alpine or Nubian breeds, at the same time, it was found that animals of the AA genotype at the CSN1S2 locus significantly surpass goats of other genotypes in terms of average casein content (for both breeds) and average protein content (in the Alpine breed). The preferred genotype for the selection of animals to increase the cheese suitability of milk and its hypoallergenic qualities is CSN1S1CC/CSN1S2AA.
The main trends in the development of consumer preferences in the mutton market
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Biryukova T.V.
Published: January 2025

At the present stage of economic development, the mutton market is in a stage of change. This state of affairs is due to a number of factors: rising meat prices, a decrease in the solvency of the population, and an increase in the demands of buyers. The article considers the main trends in the development of the lamb market, taking into account the development of consumer demand.
Increasing the wool productivity of sheep in the Russian Federation is an urgent task
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, OSADCHAYA O.YU.
Published: January 2025

Sheep produce 13 types of products, one of which is wool. For centuries, it has been used by humans to preserve health and well-being. Russia ranks 9th in the world in terms of wool production. In 2023, Russia produced 2.6% of the world’s wool. Compared with the beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century, there have been significant shifts in the structure of Russian sheep breeding towards a decrease in the share of finewool breeds in the total number of sheep. The main experiments on crossing queens of Russian breeds with sheep of foreign breeding in order to increase wool productivity are conducted according to the main indicators of productivity of shearing, strength, tortuosity and other indicators.
Etika Komunikasi Netizen di Media Sosial (Analisis Komentar terkait Konten Keagamaan di Media X)
Authors: Hamidah Ma'unatul , Yulia Silvi Yasmin  , Nurul Hikma  , Fitri
Published: January 2025

Perkembangan informasi di media sosial sangat pesat, salah satu konten yang menjadi perhatian oleh netizen yaitu konten keagamaan di media sosial X pada akun @Munir_Timur mengunggah ceramah Pendeta Gilbert yang menyinggung ibadah umat Islam. Kontennya viral dan menjadi perbincangan Masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi bagaimana etika komunikasi diterapkan netizen dalam konteks dakwah digital, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan analisis isi. Data diambil dari komentar pada unggahan akun tersebut, dengan fokus pada indikator sopan santun, efektivitas, efisiensi, serta sikap saling menghargai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian besar netizen tidak memperhatikan sopan santun dalam komentarnya, dengan menggunakan hujatan, sindiran, dan makian, terutama terhadap konten yang dianggap menyinggung agama tertentu; (2) meskipun cenderung negatif, beberapa komentar tetap memenuhi aspek efektif dan efisien dalam menyampaikan pesan; (3) terdapat netizen yang mengedepankan sikap saling menghargai dan berpikiran terbuka, yang mencerminkan potensi dakwah digital dalam mendorong dialog yang lebih konstruktif.Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya literasi media dan penguatan etika komunikasi dalam konteks dakwah digital, guna menciptakan ruang diskusi keagamaan yang lebih inklusif dan bermartabat di media sosial.