bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic changes in sensations to painful stimuli in migraine patients
Authors: Strupf Marion , Fraunberger Britta , Messlinger Karl , Namer Barbara
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Migraine is characterized by cycling phases (interictal, preictal, ictal and postictal) with differing symptoms, while in chronic tension type headache pain phases are fluctuating. The question we asked is whether these phases are associated with changes in parameters of somatosensation and axon-reflex erythema.

Methods

Patients with episodic migraine and chronic tension type headache were examined psychophysically in the interictal, preictal and ictal phase and healthy subjects on five different test days. Thresholds and suprathreshold ratings of pressure and electrical pain were assessed on three different regions of the head. In migraine patients and in healthy controls, electrically induced axon-reflex erythema was measured in the area of the first trigeminal branch. All migraine patients filled out questionnaires about prodromal symptoms at every visit.

Results

The axon-reflex erythema was always larger in patients with migraine in contrast to healthy subjects. The pressure pain threshold was lower in migraine patients and chronic tension type headache in comparison to healthy subjects. Electrical pain thresholds did not differ between headache patients and healthy subjects and showed no changes between the phases. However, suprathreshold pain ratings showed less habituation solely in the preictal phase of migraine. The number of prodromal symptoms in migraine patients was increased in the preictal and ictal phase.

Discussion

Reduced habituation was the unique sign of the preictal phase in migraine patients, independently of prodromal symptoms, whereas a larger axon-reflex erythema and higher pressure pain sensitivity are constitutional and non-phase dependent properties of migraine. Reduced inhibitory mechanisms in the preictal phase may contribute to trigger headache attacks in migraine.
Analysis of the minimum chip thickness during turning of duplex stainless steel
Authors: Schultheiss Fredrik , Agmell Mathias , Bushlya Volodymyr , Ståhl Jan-Eric
Published: August 2018

The goal of this study has been to establish a method for quantifying the minimum chip thickness, h1 min, during longitudinal turning of duplex stainless steel, and explore how the value of h1 min changes with varying process parameters. Based on experimental results, it was found that the tool edge radius only has a limited influence on the size of h1 min up to a certain feed level after which the chip flow direction close to the nose radius will have an increasingly pronounced effect. Experimental results show that h1 min may be as large as 40% of the theoretical chip thickness when machining duplex stainless steel, results which were corroborated by an finite element method (FEM) analysis. Thus, it can be concluded that a substantial amount of workpiece material will only be deformed onto the machined surface or will form the side flow and not removed as a chip.
Assisted dying challenges: Dynamic and stasis in the UK courts: Conway v. Secretary of State for Justice
Authors: Hobson Clark
Published: August 2018

This commentary reviews the High Court Decision in Conway v. Secretary of State for Justice. Mr Conway’s argument, that section 2(1) Suicide Act is incompatible with his right of respect for his private life under Article 8(1) European Convention on Human Rights, adopted as a Convention right for the purposes of the Human Rights Act 1998, was dismissed. The comment discusses four themes arising from the case. First, it examines how the High Court attempts to distinguish claimants who can act to end their own lives, such as Mr Conway, from individuals who cannot carry out any act to commit suicide. This distinction is arguably morally arbitrary and runs counter to principles of equal concern and respect. Second, Mr Conway puts forward an alternative statutory scheme with specific procedural criteria, designed to safeguard relevant competing legitimate interests; to protect the weak and vulnerable while legalizing assisted suicide in certain circumstances. However, the nature of Mr Conway’s argument regarding this alternative statutory scheme misses the point. It is possible for a court to find the current legislative measure, section 2(1) Suicide Act, to disproportionately interfere with a claimant’s Article 8(1) right in principle, without having to be satisfied there is a future legislative measure that does better balance competing legitimate interests. Third, the comment shall consider the High Court’s reasoning behind holding that Nicklinson was not binding insofar as deciding Mr Conway’s case. Finally, the ethical nuance of the court’s consideration of the aim of section 2 shall be considered briefly.
Gendered Devotion in Neo-Vaishnavism: Women, Monks and Sattras of Majuli, Assam
Authors: Bora Simashree
Published: August 2018

This article looks at the nuances of gender dynamics within Sattra, the neo-Vaishnavite monasteries of Assam, located in the river island Majuli. Established as a part of medieval bhakti movement in Assam, Sattras play a significant role not only in the religious sphere but also in sociopolitical and economic aspects of life. Drawing from historical accounts on Vaishnavism and data collected through ethnographic exploration of Sattras in Majuli, the article looks at the historical representation of women within the Vaishnavite movement and their role within the monastic system in contemporary time. While male monks are endowed with the status of sacred devotees, women’s contribution to neo-Vaishnavism is debased. The article argues that women’s relation to devotion and spirituality within devotional movements is asymmetrical and thereby historical accounts on gendered devotion should be critically examined.
Making Women ‘Saksham’ in Jammu District
Authors: Yadav Renu , Mehra Veenu
Published: August 2018

The present study explore the implementation level of measures of women safety according to ‘Saksham guidelines’ (UGC, 2014) in higher education institutions of Jammu, India. Focus group interviews with girls in degree colleges of Jammu were also held to explore challenges in implementing guidelines. The major findings of the study indicate faulty implementation of the guidelines.
Book Review: Jayson Beaster-Jones and Natalie Sarrazin (Eds), Music in Contemporary Indian Film: Memory, Voice, Identity
Authors: Tanvir Kuhu
Published: August 2018

Jayson Beaster-Jones and Natalie Sarrazin (Eds), Music in Contemporary Indian Film: Memory, Voice, Identity. New York, NY: Routledge, 2017, 212 pp., USD 49.95 (Paperback), ISBN 9781138929364.
A Multilevel Theoretical Framework Integrating Diversity and Emotional Labor
Authors: Imose Ruth A. , Finkelstein Lisa M.
Published: August 2018

Science designed to understand the effects of diversity in organizations and science designed to understand the processes and outcomes of emotional labor have accumulated with increased rapidity, but rarely have the two research streams merged. We present a conceptual framework to integrate diversity with emotional labor, with the goals of prompting new research pathways and forging better understanding of the role emotional labor processes play in diverse work environments. This multilevel framework allows for conceptualizing and testing ideas about the interplay of both of these concepts at the individual and team levels, and introduces potential boundary conditions for their effects.
Abemaciclib: The Newest CDK4/6 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Palumbo Alison , Lau Gary , Saraceni Megan
Published: August 2018

Objective: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, abemaciclib, in the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Data Sources: Relevant information was identified through a MEDLINE/PubMed (January 2000 to June 2018) literature search. The new drug application, prescribing information, and abstracts and posters from scientific meetings were also reviewed. Study Selection/Data Extraction: The literature search was limited to human studies published in the English language. Phase 1, 2, and 3 studies evaluating the pharmacology, efficacy, or safety of abemaciclib for breast cancer were included. Data Synthesis: Abemaciclib is an oral, potent, small molecule inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6 activity, which blocks retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein phosphorylation and thereby prevents progression through the cell cycle. Three major clinical trials, MONARCH 1, 2, and 3, established the efficacy and safety of abemaciclib for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or MBC. In these trials, response rates were promising, ranging from 19.7% to 59%, and median progression-free survival was significantly prolonged over the control arm in 2 of the trials. Common adverse effects included diarrhea, neutropenia, nausea, abdominal pain, infections, and fatigue. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Although no head-to-head studies have been completed between the CDK4/6 inhibitors, abemaciclib may be an attractive option because of its continuous dosing and ability to be used as monotherapy. Conclusions: Abemaciclib is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Correspondence of Maximum and Typical Performance Measures of Cognitive Processing
Authors: Charek Daniel B. , Meyer Gregory J. , Mihura Joni L. , O’Gorman Emily T.
Published: August 2018

We examined associations among cognitive processing measures that varied on a continuum from maximum to typical performance tasks in the context of an ego depletion study. Our intent was to replicate and extend the findings of Charek, Meyer, and Mihura, which showed that ego depletion had an expected effect on selected scores from the Rorschach inkblot task. We hypothesized that Rorschach variables indicative of cognitive sophistication would correlate with neuropsychological measures of cognitive ability and that Rorschach variables theoretically unassociated with cognitive processing would not correlate with those criterion measures. These hypotheses were supported, providing evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. We also hypothesized ego depletion effects on all measures; however, none were evident. Methodological considerations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Referral for first glaucoma surgery in Europe, the ReF-GS study
Authors: Holló Gábor , Schmidl Doreen , Hommer Anton
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

To analyze the appropriateness of referrals for incisional glaucoma-surgery in Europe.

Methods:

Referrals for the first open-angle glaucoma surgery between January and October 2017 were analyzed in 18 countries: 8 “old” European Union, 7 “new” European Union and 3 non-European Union European countries.

Results:

Most eyes had primary open-angle or exfoliative glaucoma. The average mean deviation was −13.8 dB with split fixation in 44.3%. No structural progression analysis was made before the referrals. The most common medications were the combination of a prostaglandin analog, timolol and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (30.0%), and all other combinations comprising ⩾ 3 molecules (33.8%). Laser trabeculoplasty was reported in only 18.4%. Of the 294 referrals, 41.5% were appropriate and timely, 35.0% appropriate but later than optimal, and 17.6% appropriate but too late (minimal vision maintained). The treatment period was significantly longer (median: 7 years) in the “old” European Union countries than in the other groups (3 and 2 years, respectively). No between-group differences were seen in intraocular pressure and mean deviation, but the non-European Union group referred the patients at significantly lower cup/disk ratio and eye drop usage than the other groups. Split fixation was significantly more common in the “old” (60.6%) than the “new” European Union countries (38.7%), and in both EU country-groups than in the non-European Union countries (13.6%).

Conclusions:

Of 294 European open-angle glaucoma referrals for first glaucoma-surgery, 41.5% were completely satisfactory. The damage was typically advanced, and the care varied considerably among the countries. This suggests that further efforts are necessary to improve glaucoma care in Europe.
Empirical Studies Addressing the Opioid Epidemic: An Urgent Call for Research
Authors: Stuart Gregory L , Shorey Ryan C , France Christopher R , Macfie Jenny , Bell Kathryn , Fortner Kimberly B , Towers Craig V , Schkolnik Paul , Ramsey Susan
Published: August 2018

Opioid misuse has become one of the most pressing public health problems facing the country. In this article, we briefly review literature regarding the opioid epidemic in the United States and the negative consequences of opioid use disorder. We provide information regarding treatment and relapse using a variety of intervention approaches. We call for research on people with opioid use disorder that can contribute to a variety of areas: improving medication-assisted treatment, addressing chronic pain, examination of adjunctive behavioral interventions, overdose, high risk behaviors and infections, pregnancy, diverse populations, and other psychological factors. Collectively addressing these crucial areas of research will advance the field and help alleviate suffering and prevent death from opioid use disorder.
Explaining national variation in the use of management consulting knowledge: A framework
Authors: Sturdy Andrew , O’Mahoney Joe
Published: August 2018

The management literature frequently assumes that management consultancy is the predominant source of external management knowledge for organisations. However, its use is invariably confined to a few Western, developed economies. Such variation is rarely acknowledged, let alone explained. In this conceptual article, we draw on diverse literatures to explore what drives national variations in consulting usage. To achieve this, we develop a basic framework of influencing factors and briefly apply it to the Japanese context. We conclude by explicating how our analysis has a wider application with respect to other knowledge sources in comparative studies.
The effect of blade pitch on the flow dynamics inside the rotor of a three-straight-bladed cross-flow turbine
Authors: Somoano Miguel , Huera-Huarte Francisco
Published: August 2018

This study analyses the variations in flow dynamics inside the rotor of a three-straight-bladed cross-flow turbine for different blade pitches. A water towing tank facility has been used with a turbine model based on symmetric NACA-0015 profiles with a chord-to-diameter ratio of 0.16. The set-up was especially designed to measure the flow field inside and around the rotor, using planar digital particle image velocimetry. The experiments were made at a constant turbine diameter Reynolds number, [Formula: see text], of 6.1 × 104. The forced rotation of the cross-flow turbine using a direct current motor allowed changes in the ratio of the blade tangential speed to the freestream velocity (tip speed ratio), covering the range of 0.7–2.3. Toe-in and excessive toe-out angles have been associated in the past to low performances in this type of turbines. Pitch angle cases with expected low performances have been chosen, namely, [Formula: see text] of 8° toe-in and 16° toe-out, as well as a case with a high expected efficiency of 8° toe-out and another with [Formula: see text] as the reference case. The the goal is to better understand the flow dynamics and the blade–wake interactions inside the rotor of this type of machines, by studying cases with very different expected performances.
Parent Perceptions of Barriers to Friendship Development for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Daughrity Belinda L.
Published: August 2018

This current study explores parent perceptions of barriers to friendship development for highly verbal children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in mainstream academic settings. Participants were 10 parents of school-age children with ASD in mainstream classrooms. Findings from semistructured interviews and qualitative analysis pointed to five central themes regarding barriers to friendship development: propinquity, attempts at social exposure, common social problems within ASD, siblings as a protective factor, and parent networks. Results suggest parent networks among parents with mainstreamed children may help to facilitate social opportunities both in and out of school. Further investigation is needed to explore possible solutions to help parents to better support friendship development.
Photodynamic Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma Treatment: A Review
Authors: Naidoo Channay , Kruger Cherie Ann , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: August 2018

This review article is based on specifically targeted nanoparticles that have been used in the treatment of melanoma. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, within 2017 an estimated 9730 people will die due to invasive melanoma. Conventional treatments for nonmalignant melanoma include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. For the treatment of metastatic melanoma, 3 therapeutic agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration: dacarbazine, recombinant interferon α-2b, and high-dose interleukin 2. Photodynamic therapy is an alternative therapy that activates a photosensitizer at a specific wavelength forming reactive oxygen species which in turn induces cell death; it is noninvasive with far less side effects when compared to conventional treatments. Nanoparticles are generally conjugated to photosynthetic drugs, since they are biocompatible, stabile, and durable, as well as have a high loading capacity, which improve either passive or active photosensitizer drug delivery to targeted cells. Therefore, various photosynthetic drugs and nanoparticle drug delivery systems specifically targeted for melanoma were analyzed in this review article in relation to either their passive or their active cellular uptake mechanisms in order to deduce the efficacy of photodynamic therapy treatment for metastatic melanoma which currently remains ongoing. The overall findings from this review concluded that no current photodynamic therapy studies have been performed in relation to active nanoparticle platform photosensitizer drug carrier systems for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and so this type of research requires further investigation into developing a more efficient active nano-photosensitizer carrier smart drug that can be conjugated to specific cell surface receptors and combinative monoclonal antibodies so that a further enhanced and more efficient form of targeted photodynamic therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma can be established.
Detection and interpretation of fecal host mRNA in rural Malawian infants aged 6–12 months at risk for environmental enteric dysfunction
Authors: Ordiz M Isabel , Wold Karl , Kaimila Yankho , Divala Oscar , Gilstrap Madeline , Lu Henry Z , Manary Mark J
Published: August 2018

Recent studies have suggested that environmental enteric dysfunction can be assessed in rural African children by measuring levels of fecal mRNA transcripts. The field collection of fecal samples is less invasive and cumbersome than administration of the lactulose:mannitol test, which is typically used to assess environmental enteric dysfunction. This study sought to determine if, as in children aged 12–60 months, an array of seven fecal host transcripts (CD53, CDX1, HLA-DRA, TNF, S100A8, MUC12, and REG1A) could predict environmental enteric dysfunction in rural African infants. Host fecal transcript abundance was correlated to the percentage of lactulose (%L) excreted in the urine for 340 samples from Malawian children aged 6–12 months. Permeability was categorized as not severe (%L < 0.45) and severe (%L ≥ 0.45). This study found the prevalence of severe environmental enteric dysfunction to be 114/834 (14%), lower than what was previously reported for 12–60 months old children, 595/1521 (39%, P = 0.001). In linear regression analysis with the seven host transcripts, two were associated with %L: β coefficients of −1.843 ( P = 0.035) and 0.215 ( P = 0.006) for CDX1 and REG1A, respectively. The seven fecal host transcripts in a random forest model did not predict severe environmental enteric dysfunction. Future models utilizing different transcripts identified from an untargeted, agnostic assessment of all potential host transcripts could provide accurate predictions of environmental enteric dysfunction in infants.

Impact statement

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is associated with reduced linear growth. The dual sugar absorption test has been used as a non-invasive method to determine the gut health of individuals. Alternative methods using fecal host mRNAs as predictors of the gut health are promising. In older children, we have determined that seven transcripts can predict the gut health in a random forest model. Our current study determined that the host fecal mRNA is abundant in infants and toddlers alike. Severe EED in rural Malawian children is less prevalent in infants than in young children. REG1A and CDX1 are associated with gut health. Fecal host mRNA may well be a means to assess gut health in African infants, but the panel of transcripts used to do this will differ from that in older children.
Spiritual Formation and Soul Care on a College Campus: The Example of the Ignatian Center at Santa Clara University
Authors: Plante Thomas G.
Published: August 2018

Religiously affiliated colleges and universities typically take spiritual formation and soul care very seriously and are usually intentional about the spiritual and religious development of not only their students but of their faculty and staff as well. The religious tradition, size of the campus community, financial and other resources, along with the will of senior administrators, donors, trustees, and the general university community all determine how these interests and agendas are nurtured and developed as well as the kinds of programing offered. The purpose of this article is to highlight the strategies to support and nurture spiritual formation and soul care at Santa Clara University, a Catholic and Jesuit university in the heart of Silicon Valley, with elements of this care found at most, if not all, Jesuit higher education institutions throughout the nation and world. At Santa Clara, the Ignatian Center is the primary, although not the only, home for these spiritual formation and soul care offerings and will be highlighted here.
Catching the Data Vision
Authors: Maughan Erin D. , Zeno Elizabeth “Liz”
Published: August 2018

As part of the “data and school-nursing” articles series, we will include an accompanying interview with practicing school nurses regarding the same topic and how it applies to the real life of school nurses. Our hope is that the practical application found in the interviews will provide readers with an increased understanding that will assist them on their own data journey.
Social Media, Networked Protest, and the March for Science
Authors: Ley Barbara L. , Brewer Paul R.
Published: August 2018

Recent studies have explored how the US public responded to the March for Science protests that took place around the world on April 22, 2017, as well as why individuals participated in these protests. Yet, little research has examined how participants used social media and other channels to learn, communicate, and form behavioral intentions regarding the movement. In addressing these questions, the present study conceptualizes the March for Science as a “networked protest.” It then analyzes data from two surveys: one distributed through social media in the month preceding the March for Science events, and one conducted at the Washington, DC event. The results suggest that social media—particularly Facebook—played key roles in how respondents learned and communicated about the protest. At the same time, respondents also learned and communicated about it through other channels, including texting, email, and face-to-face conversations. Both social media respondents and in-person respondents reported that their experiences with the March had increased their likelihood of undertaking future online and offline actions. Furthermore, communicating through Facebook and Twitter predicted a range of self-reported effects of March experiences on intentions to undertake future actions, whereas learning through social media largely failed to do so. Thus, some—but not all—social media uses may have encouraged participants to sustain both online and offline engagement. Taken together, the findings carry potential implications for how the March for Science and other networked protests can use social media and other communication forms to mobilize supporters and facilitate long-term engagement.
Introduction: Neoliberalism and the public sphere
Authors: Asen Robert
Published: August 2018

In contemporary scholarship, the term “neoliberalism” seemingly appears everywhere. Rather than seeking to develop a single definition that unifies these varied appearances, scholars in various disciplines, subdisciplines, and interdisciplinary domains may develop critical conceptualizations that inform particular, active areas of inquiry. This special issue represents such an effort for rhetorical and communication scholarship on the public sphere. As both an intellectual orientation and a practical project, neoliberalism challenges longstanding commitments of public sphere scholarship. In this introduction, I consider the challenges that neoliberalism presents to public sphere scholarship and public practice concerning themes of subjectivity, public engagement, and agency/structure.
The neoliberal conquest of the Supreme Court
Authors: Winslow Luke , Baker Alec , Goehring Charles
Published: August 2018

Neoliberalism is an anti-democratic ideology. It takes decisions about the allocation of scarce resources out of the hands of public institutions and places them in the hands of private actors. Despite a distrust of democratic institutions immanent to neoliberalism, its reach within those same institutions reveals potent ideological lessons. Even the courts, ostensibly a bulwark against anti-democratic impulses, have incorporated neoliberal arguments into their rulings. As the courts have adopted neoliberal discourse they have reimagined society as a market populated by consumers. Accordingly, in this article we examine five Supreme Court rulings that illuminate how the publicly interested citizen is replaced by the self-interested consumer as the basic unit of democracy. We argue these rulings rhetorically predispose voters to think of social problems in the neoliberal language of privatization and profit through three themes: (1) elevating the market, (2) expanding the market, and (3) advertising the market. Broader implications are discussed including a more comprehensive explanation for how neoliberal judicial discourse has played a vital role in orienting the public to accept policies designed to concentrate public resources and decisions into the hands of private actors.
School Counselor–Led School-Wide Advisory Program Effectiveness
Authors: Moeder-Chandler Markus
Published: August 2018

In the fall of 2013, Fountain-Fort Carson High School implemented a new “Advisory Period” for all students at all grade levels. Incoming ninth-grade students were randomly assigned a faculty advisor and stayed with the advisor over the course of their 4 years of high school. School counselors wrote the Advisory programming which included academic and attendance progress monitoring in addition to mentorship with the intent to connect student with a caring adult to positively impact graduation and attendance rates while reducing dropout rates. Previous graduation rates were compared for students who did not have Advisory and those who had either 1, 2, 3, or 4 years of Advisory. Researchers hypothesized an increase in cohort graduation rates for those students who had participated in the entire 4-year Advisory program compared with students who either did not have Advisory or had 1 to 2 years of Advisory. The variations in graduation rates between groups of students that did not have Advisory and those who did were shown to be statistically insignificant.
Age Is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Complications Following Excisional Laminectomy for Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors
Authors: Phan Kevin , Vig Khushdeep S. , Ho Yam Ting , Hussain Awais K. , Di Capua John , Kim Jun S. , White Samuel J. W. , Lee Nathan J. , Kothari Parth , Cho Samuel K.
Published: August 2018

Study Design:

Retrospective analysis.

Objective:

The incidence of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) spinal tumors is increasing. Excisional laminectomy for removal and decompression is the standard of care, but complications associated with patient age are unreported in the literature. Our objective is to identify if age is a risk factor for postoperative complications after excisional laminectomy of IDEM spinal tumors.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed on the 2011 to 2014 ACS-NSQIP (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database for patients undergoing excisional laminectomy of IDEM spinal tumors. Age groups were determined by interquartile analysis. Chi-squared tests, t tests, and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify independent risk factors. Institutional review board approval was not needed.

Results:

A total of 1368 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Group 1 (age ≤ 44) contained 372 patients, group 2 (age 45-54) contained 314 patients, group 3 (age 55-66) contained 364 patients, and group 4 (age > 66) contained 318 patients. The univariate analysis showed that mortality and unplanned readmission were highest among patients in group 4 (1.26%, P = .011, and 10.00%, P = .039, respectively). Postoperative wound complications were highest among patients in group 1 (2.15%, P = .009), and postoperative venous thromboembolism and cardiac complications were highest among patients in group 3 (4.4%, P = .007, and 1.10%, P = .032, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that elderly age was an independent risk factor for postoperative venous thromboembolism (group 3 vs group 1; odds ratio = 6.739, confidence interval = 1.522-29.831, P = .012).

Conclusions:

This analysis revealed that increased age is an independent risk factor for postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing excisional laminectomy for IDEM spinal tumors.
DuraSeal Exact Is a Safe Adjunctive Treatment for Durotomy in Spine: Postapproval Study
Authors: Kim Kee D. , Ramanathan Dinesh , Highsmith Jason , Lavelle William , Gerszten Peter , Vale Fernando , Wright Neill
Published: August 2018

Study Design:

A nonrandomized, two-armed prospective study.

Objective:

Water-tight dural closure is paramount to the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and associated complications. Synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel has been used as an adjunct to sutured dural repair; however, its expansion postoperatively is a concern for neurological complications. A low-swell formulation of PEG sealant was introduced as DuraSeal Exact Spine Sealant System (DESS). A Post-Approval Study was performed primarily to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DESS for spinal dural repair compared to current alternatives, in a large patient population, reflecting a real-world practice.

Methods:

A total of 36 sites in the United States enrolled 429 patients treated with DESS as an adjunct to dural repair in the spinal sealant group and 406 patients treated with all other modalities in the control arm, from October 2011 to June 2016. The primary endpoint was the incidence of CSF leak within 90 days of operation. The secondary endpoints evaluated were deep surgical site infection and neurological serious adverse events.

Results:

The CSF leakage in the DESS group (6.6%) was not significantly different from the control group (6.5%) ( p = .83), and there was no significant difference in the time to first leak. The two groups had no significant differences in deep surgical site infection (1.6% versus control 2.1%, p = .61) or proportion of subjects with neurological serious adverse events (2.9% versus control 1.6%, p = .516).

Conclusions:

DuraSeal Exact Spinal Sealant is safe when compared to current alternatives for spinal dural repair.
What Does the Australian General Public Know About Treatments for Dementia? A Population Survey
Authors: Rahja Miia , Laver Kate , Comans Tracy , Crotty Maria
Published: August 2018

Objective: To identify the Australian general population’s awareness regarding the presence and effectiveness of treatments for dementia. Method: An online survey administered through a consumer panel provider (PureProfile). Included were people aged 18 years or above living in Australia. The survey asked participants about their knowledge of treatments for dementia and attitudes toward the effectiveness of evidence-based treatments. Results: Of the 1,001 participants, more than half (63.5%) could not spontaneously name any treatments that improved outcomes for people with dementia. When asked about the efficacy of specific treatments, “brain training” was considered to be “very likely” to be effective by approximately half (49.4%) of the participants followed by “education for caregivers” (46.2%) and “healthy diet” (43.4%). Discussion: Knowledge of treatments for dementia among the Australian public is poor. There is a need to better educate the public about treatments that have demonstrated effectiveness to improve their uptake and use.
Personality classification based on profiles of social networks’ users and the five-factor model of personality
Authors: Souri Alireza , Hosseinpour Shafigheh , Rahmani Amir Masoud
Published: August 2018

Online social networks have become demanded ways for users to show themselves and connect and share information with each other among these social networks. Facebook is the most popular social network. Personality recognition is one of the new challenges between investigators in social networks. This paper presents a hypothesis that users by similar personality are expected to display mutual behavioral patterns when cooperating through social networks. With the goal of personality recognition in terms of analyzing user activity within Facebook, we collected information about the personality traits of users and their profiles on Facebook, hence we flourished an application using API Facebook. The participants of this study are 100 volunteers of Facebook users. We asked the participants to respond the NEO personality questionnaire in a period of 1 month in May 2012. At the end of this questionnaire, there was a link that asked the participants to permit the application to access their profiles. Based on all the collected data, classifiers were learned using different data mining techniques to recognize user personality by their profile and without filling out any questionnaire. With comparing classifiers’ results, the boosting-decision tree was our proposed model with 82.2% accuracy was more accurate than previous studies that were able to foresee personality according to the variables in their profiles in five factors for using it as a model for recognizing personality.
‘Deprescribing’ antipsychotics in schizophrenia: witless and dangerous?
Authors: Mortimer Ann
Published: August 2018

‘Deprescribing’ here comprises arguments against treating patients who have been psychotic beyond first episode. Nevertheless, four out of five patients relapse, compared with only two of five still taking medication. However, much first-episode psychosis is not schizophrenia, but persistent substance-induced psychotic disorder. Virtually nothing is known about factors which facilitate this in the minority who develop it, nor how to decide if the patient will relapse off medication. Patients who are well, stable and tolerating minimal doses of medication should be the first to suggest that they try to do without it, not us.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

A.M. has worked with pharmaceutical companies regarding the introduction of atypical antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia, received research funding and spoken at conferences.
A paradigm shift: relationships in trauma-informed mental health services
Authors: Sweeney Angela , Filson Beth , Kennedy Angela , Collinson Lucie , Gillard Steve
Published: August 2018

Trauma-informed approaches emerged partly in response to research demonstrating that trauma is widespread across society, that it is highly correlated with mental health and that this is a costly public health issue. The fundamental shift in providing support using a trauma-informed approach is to move from thinking ‘What is wrong with you?’ to considering ‘What happened to you?’. This article, authored by trauma survivors and service providers, describes trauma-informed approaches to mental healthcare, why they are needed and how barriers can be overcome so that they can be implemented as an organisational change process. It also describes how past trauma can be understood as the cause of mental distress for many service users, how service users can be retraumatised by ‘trauma-uninformed’ staff and how staff can experience vicariously the service user's trauma and can themselves be traumatised by practices such as restraint and seclusion. Trauma-informed mental healthcare offers opportunities to improve service users' experiences, improve working environments for staff, increase job satisfaction and reduce stress levels by improving the relationships between staff and patients through greater understanding, respect and trust.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Appreciate broad-based definitions of trauma

•

Gain an understanding of what trauma-informed approaches are and why they have emerged, including the potential for (re)traumatisation in the mental health system

•

Consider how to practise trauma-informed approaches, including in ‘trauma-uninformed’ organisations, and the potential barriers to and opportunities from doing so

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

A. S. is funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Post-Doctoral Fellowship. This article presents independent research partially funded by the NIHR. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR or the Department of Health.
Blood pressure in the Greenland shark as estimated from ventral aortic elasticity
Authors: Shadwick Robert E. , Bernal Diego , Bushnell Peter G. , Steffensen John F.
Published: August 2018

We conducted in vitro inflations of freshly excised ventral aortas of the Greenland shark, Somniosus microcephalus, and used pressure-diameter data to estimate the point of transition from high to low compliance, which has been shown to occur at the mean blood pressure in other vertebrates including fishes. We also determined the pressure at which the modulus of elasticity of the aorta reached 0.4MPa, as occurs at the compliance transition in other species. From these analyses we predict the average ventral aortic blood pressure in S. microcephalus to be about 2.3-2.8kPa, much lower than reported for other sharks. Our results support the idea that this species is slow moving and has a relatively low aerobic metabolism. Histological investigation of the ventral aorta show that elastic fibres are present in relatively low abundance and loosely connected, consistent with this aorta to have high compliance at a relatively low blood pressure.
Analysis of the complete genome of hepatitis B virus subgenotype C2 isolate NHB17965 from a patient with uncomplicated chronicity
Authors: Shaha Modhusudon , Sarker Palash Kumar , Hossain Md. Saddam , Das Keshob Chandra , Jahan Munira , Dey Shuvra Kanti , Tabassum Shahina , Hashem Abu , Salimullah Md.
Published: August 2018

The burden of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections is increasingly detected nowadays. Herein, we report a complete genome of HBV subgenotype C2 (HBV/C2) from a patient with chronic HBV infection. Complete genome analysis revealed that the isolated strain was a non-recombinant wild type and had several regular substitutions in the reverse transcriptase domain and small surface proteins of HBV. This study may help clinicians and scientists gain in-depth knowledge on the current substitutions of HBV/C2 genome and to identify potential therapies against chronic HBV infections.
What makes health visiting successful—or not? 2. The service journey
Authors: Cowley Sarah , Malone Mary , Whittaker Karen , Donetto Sara , Grigulis Astrida , Maben Jill
Published: August 2018

This is the second of two articles reporting evidence from a programme of research that focused on how health visiting works, including service user and workforce perspectives. Evidence and professional expertise indicate that a set of essential features enable health visitors to achieve the desired impact of improving child public health. These include organising services in a way that enables positive parent–health visitor relationships, continuity and co-ordination and the flexibility to use professional knowledge and autonomy in practice. Where service specifications give careful attention to this evidence, it is more likely that health visitors will be able to deliver a successful child health programme for the early years.
Initial Development of Soybean as a Bioindicator of the Potential of Leaching 2,4-D In Red Latosol
Authors: Silva Vinícius Melo da , Da Silva Tonny José Araújo , Oliveira Maria Aparecida Peres de , Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , José Jefferson Vieira , Schlichting Alessana Franciele
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of leaching 2,4-D in Red Latosol using soybean as a bioindicator plant, to verify the residual effect of the distribution of the herbicide in the soil on the initial development of the plant. The experimental design is a 5 × 11 × 2 triple factorial model, with 5 treatments of water slides (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm) applied by a rainfall simulator. The depth of 11 layers (0-5, 5 -10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, and 50-55 cm) were mounted on soil columns using two groups (in the absence and the presence of the 2,4-D herbicide dimethylamine by application at a dose of 1500 g a.i. ha-1), with four replicates, making 440 experimental plots. The residual effect of the herbicide was evaluated by seedling emergence speed index, total seedling emergence percentage and plant height evaluation. The results demonstrated that the effect of 2,4-D herbicide distribution along the soil profile induces increases in the initial development of soybean when compared to the control treatment. However, the residual 2,4-D in the soil decreases with 80- and 100-mm sheets that have greater herbicide leaching potential beyond the depth range of the soil columns. Keywords: Residual effect, Seedling emergence, Glycine max.
A Review of Bin Filling Technologies for Apple Harvest and Postharvest Handling
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Pothula Anand Kumar , Lu Renfu
Published: August 2018

Abstract.

Bin fillers play a critical role in transporting and distributing fruit evenly and without bruising into individual bins or containers from harvest platforms infield or sorting lines in the packinghouse. Over the years, a large variety of bin fillers have been developed for infield use and postharvest handling. This article reviews different bin filling technologies in terms of major design features, performance, and throughput, as well as automatic control and safety features. For infield use, bin filler designs have evolved from the early use of conveyors and reciprocating plates to recent adoption of soft pads and foam rollers, to reduce bruising and improve fruit distributions. For postharvest use, tilted bins and conveyors commonly used with early bin fillers have been replaced with hinged trays and vacuum suction cups for fruit transport and cylinder brushes and swingable dividers for bruise prevention. While many types of bin fillers have been developed, few are suitable for infield use because it imposes more constraints than postharvest use. Despite the use of automatic sensing and control in most bin fillers, human assistance is still needed during their operation. There are still major issues with the current bin fillers, such as large size, complexity in design, uneven fruit distributions, and low throughput. Further effort should, therefore, be directed towards the development of high throughput, simple yet reliable, compact and fully automated, or even intelligent bin fillers for infield and postharvest use. Keywords: Apple, Automation, Bin filler, Harvest, Infield, Postharvest handling.
Modern Practice of ʽManual Managementʽ in Russian Governmental and Municipal Authority
Authors: SHLYCHKOV Valeriy , KIYAMOV Ilgam , KULISH Sergey , NESTULAEVA Diana , ALAFUZOV Igor
Published: August 2018

Objectives: to define content and structure of ʽmanual managementʽ term; to analyze motives, legal framework, legitimacy, forms and methods of using ʽmanual proceduresʽ in the management processes in entities of governmental and municipal authority in the Russian Federation; to explore foreign experience in terms of ʽmanual managementʽ; to define ratios between ʽsystemʽ and ʽmanualʽ methods in Russian management practice and to evaluate the degree of their influence on social and economic life of modern Russian society. The methodological base of the research is comprised with methods and scientific cognition techniques widely used in research practice, namely: methods of deduction and induction, generalization, observation, forecasting, scientific abstraction techniques, system analysis, as well as classification and grouping instruments, elements of cross-industry and comparative historical analysis; expert estimations. Results of the research: authors have formulated own definition of ʽmanual managementʽ term; revealed reasons, conditions and motives for its applying by Russian bodies of governmental and municipal authority; described the most spread methods of its application and factors concerning increase of cases of refuse to use system procedures in modern practice of governmental and municipal management. Scientific novelty: considering the practice of Russian governmental and municipal management authors focus on the lately applied procedures of its exercising, such as creation of parallel management structures, transition to instruments of directive instructions, etc. On the basis of conducted analysis of activity performed by bodies of governmental and municipal authority in constituent of the Russian Federation authors have revealed ratio between ʽmanualʽ and ʽsystemʽ procedures used in management process, formulated definition of ʽmanual managementʽ term, disclosed conditions and motives for its application and also made a conclusion stating the main reasons for applying and extending ʽmanual managementʽ practice are the incompleteness and inconsistency of applicable Russian legislation, which on the one hand cannot reflect to the full extent the fundamental changes in social and economic spheres that took place in Russia within the recent decades, and on the other hand is far not always able to sufficiently regulate relationships between object and subject in the process of governmental and municipal management. Practical relevance: as a result of the research authors forecast the probable consequences of outlined tendency for extension of practice of ʽmanual managementʽ in bodies of governmental and municipal authority in both - in the medium and the longer term.