bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Initiation Of Breastfeeding Is A Risk Factor For Early Interruption Of Exclusive Breast Feeding A Case -control Study At Dollo Ado Refuge Camp, Somali Region, Ethiopia.
Authors: Gebeyehu Dawit Getachew , Haftu Desta
Published: March 2020

Background: Globally , nearly three fourth of infants less than-six was not exclusively-brestfeed. While in Ethiopia, the proportion was only slightly above half. In refugee, setting life is not stable, due to lack of infrastructure and adequate health care service mother and infant face many health related problems, like interruption of exclusively breastfeed which intern lead them to malnutrition and impaired growth.Objectives: To assess the Determinants of Interruption of Exclusive Breastfeeding among mother who have infant less than six month at Dollo Ado Refugees camp, Ethiopia, 2017.Methods: A case -control study design was conduct at Dollo Ado refugee camp from April 05 to 25, 2017. Simple random sampling technique used to select 111 eligible case and 222 controls during the study period. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire used to collect the data. Logistic regression models fitted to assess significant factor, which determine interruption of Exclusive breast-feeding in the study area.Results: In this study not getting antenatal counseling about infant feeding (A-OR =5.87, 2.63-13.10), postnatal counseling about infant feeding (A-OR= 4.33, 2.7 - 10.78) and presence of problem of breastfeeding (AOR= 10.72, 4.55 - 25.23), late initiation of breastfeeding (AOR= 4.79, 2.28-10.0) were significant determinants of interruption of exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusions : In this study, not getting antenatal and postnatal counseling about infant and young child feeding, problem of breastfeeding, late initiation of Exclusive breastfeeding were significant determinants of interruption of EBF. Planer and manager should focus on provision of mother advice on Infant and Young Child Feeding during Antenatal and Postnatal Care. Health professional should be alert on treating problem of breastfeeding.
Morin-type transition in 5C pyrrhotite
Authors: Haines Charles R.S. , Lampronti Giulio I. , Klooster Wim T. , Coles Simon J. , Dutton Sian E. , Carpenter Michael A.
Published: March 2020

We report the discovery of a low-temperature spin-flop transition in 5C pyrrhotite at ~155 K that is similar to those seen in hematite at 260 K and FeS (troilite) at 440 K. The 5C crystal was produced by annealing a 4C pyrrhotite crystal at 875 K to produce a change in the vacancy-ordering scheme that developed during cooling. The 5C structure is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the stoichiometry and homogeneity by electron microprobe and SEM BSE mapping. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS), heat capacity, and magnetization measurements from room temperature down to 2 K are reported. The transition is marked by a steep change in elastic properties at the transition temperature, a peak in the heat capacity, and weak anomalies in measurements of magnetization. Magnetic hysteresis loops and comparison with the magnetic properties of 4C pyrrhotite suggest that the transition involves a change in orientation of moments between two different antiferromagnetic structures, perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis at high temperatures and parallel to the crystal-lographic c-axis at low temperatures. The proposed structures are consistent with a group theoretical treatment that also predicts a first-order transition between the magnetic structures.
Wybrane dane na temat zakażeń koronawirusami, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Z. Pejsak , K. Tarasiuk , B. Tokarz-Deptuła
Published: March 2020

Coronaviruses (CoVs) primarily have caused enzootic infections in birds and mammals including swine (TGE, PED, PRCV, HEV, PDCoV). The last decades have shown that some species of CoVs are capable of infecting humans as well. Zoonotic potential of these viruses has been confirmed. This paper provides an important information on coronaviruses with the major focus on the new coronavirus under the name – SARS-CoV-2 – which appeared to be pathogenic and cause COVID 19 in humans. Within the family of coronaviruses similarities between the viruses in pigs and humans have been observed, particularly with regard to the variability in their infectivity and lethal potential. There have been proofed evidences that some of the species of swine coronaviruses and other „disappeared” (e.g. TGE, PED, HEV, SARS). Data on SARS-CoV-2 virus resistance to the environmental factors and potential routes of its entry into the human body have been presented, as well as new diagnostic methods for detection of this infectious agent.
ANÁLISE DA SÉRIE HISTÓRICA DOS AFASTAMENTOS DE TRABALHADORES POR QUADRO DE TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS E COMPORTAMENTAIS (2008-2017)
Authors: Gomes Pollyana Brandao , Rezende Maria Carlota
Published: March 2020

Frente às pressões sobre a produção no trabalho, o sujeito passa a apresentar sintomas de um adoecimento mental e a desenvolver alguns transtornos mentais. Essa relação com a ocupação não é o único causador desse sofrimento e desgaste. Há também todo um contexto externo, ou seja, esfera biopsicossocial da qual o sujeito é parte integrante. A partir dessas constatações, faz-se necessário discutir sobre a categoria trabalho e os fatores adversos que podem afetar à subjetividade do trabalhador, identificando os elementos que interferem nessa relação. Este artigo descreve a pesquisa de campo que buscou representar os afastamentos por problemas mentais no conjunto dos afastamentos, de acordo com os CIDs descritos no site da previdência no período de 2008 a 2017. Os afastamentos, motivados por quadro de transtornos mentais e comportamentais com auxílio, foram analisados à luz dos fatores que contribuem para esse adoecimento relacionado ao trabalho. Por meio do método estatístico, o estudo mostra como os Transtornos Mentais vêm crescendo em relação a outras doenças, de acordo com banco de dados da Previdência Social do Ministério da Fazenda. A análise feita no banco de dados da do referido órgão apontou que os Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais estudados se sobressaíram em relação às outras doenças, com o percentual de afastamentos por transtornos mentais, incluídos neste estudo, de 317%. Os dados revelam que que os transtornos mentais são uma condição recorrente na vida do trabalhador.
AS ATIVIDADES LÚDICAS COMO FERRAMENTAS DE APRENDIZAGEM NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UM PANORAMA DAS PESQUISAS
Authors: Altino Filho Humberto Vinício , Braga Lorena Muniz
Published: March 2020

Em virtude das transformações da sociedade, o espaço escolar viu-se impelido a implementar novos modelos educacionais em todos os níveis de ensino. Na Educação Infantil, uma estratégia bastante difundida é o emprego de atividades lúdicas, utilizadas para proporcionar às crianças uma boa experiência de aprendizagem aliada à diversão. Neste sentido, este estudo buscou conhecer aspectos da produção mais recente sobre a utilização do lúdico na Educação Infantil. Os resultados apontam que a utilização das atividades lúdicas na Educação Infantil é uma ferramenta de grande potencial para o processo de construção do conhecimento, aliando brincar e aprender e produzindo experiências significativas de aprendizagem, como evidenciado tanto pela discussão teórica quanto pelas pesquisas consultadas.
Makyavelizmin İş Yeri Nezaketsizliğine Etkisi: Banka Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Üstün Ferda , Ersolak Şeyma
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı makyavelist kişilik özelliklerinin iş yeri nezaketsizliği üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Emeğin büyük önem arz ettiği bankacılık sektöründe ortaya koyulan hizmetin kalitesi ve niteliğini belirleme gücü olduğu bilinen kişilik özelliklerinin iş yerinde yaşanan nezaket dışı davranışlar üzerinde etkiye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Araştırmada Kayseri ve Eskişehir il merkezinde faaliyet gösteren özel ve kamu banka çalışanlarından toplanan veriler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda makyavelizmin alt boyutları olan ahlaki yoksunluk, diğerlerine güvensizlik ve statü-kontrol arzusu ile iş yeri nezaketsizliği arasında düşük kuvvette pozitif yönlü bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çoklu regresyon analizi sonucunda ise makyavelizmin diğerlerine güvensizlik ile kontrol-statü arzusu boyutlarının iş yeri nezaketsizliği üzerinde anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu; ancak ahlaki yoksunluk boyutunun iş yeri nezaketsizliği üzerinde herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Yapılan basit regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre bağımsız değişkenin bağımlı değişken üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi bulunmuştur. Yine yapılan çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına bakıldığında makyavelizmin alt boyutlarından diğerlerine güvensizliğin iş yeri nezaketsizliği üzerinde anlamlı ve negatif etkisi bulunurken, kontrol-statü arzusunun anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın yine makyavelizmin alt boyutlarından olan ahlaki yoksunluğun iş yeri nezaketsizliği üzerinde herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın hipotezlerinden H1, H1b ve H1c kabul edilirken, H1a reddedilmiştir.
A Study Based on the Correlation Between Slit2/Robo1 Signaling Pathway Proteins and Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
Authors: Chai Ke-Xia , Chen Yu-Qi , Kong Ling-Shuang , Fan Pei-Lin , Yuan Xia , Yang Jie
Published: March 2020

Aims:

To investigate the role of Slit2 and Robo1 during the vascular disease
of Polymyositis (PM) / dermatomyositis (DM).

Background :

PM and DM are nonsuppurative inflammatory myopathies that mainly
invade the skeletal muscles.

Objective:

This study attempted to explore the specific mechanism of Slit2/Robo1
signaling pathway proteins during the vascular disease of PM/DM.

Methods:

The mRNA expressions of Slit2 and Robo1 in the muscle tissue were
detected by RT-qPCR between newly-diagnosed PM/DM patients and healthy controls.
The number of Slit2 and Robo1 positive cells in the serial sections of muscle paraffin
tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry in 10 patients with PM, 10 patients with
DM and 20 healthy controls.

Results:

The study results revealed that the mRNA expressions of Slit2 and Robo1 in
muscle tissue in the PM and DM groups were higher than that in the control group
(P<0.05). The positive expression rates of Slit2 and Robo1 in muscle tissue in the PM
and DM groups were 80.0%, 80.0%, 70.0% and 70.0%, respectively. The difference was
statistically significant (P<0.001), when compared to the control group (the positive
expression rates were 0% and 10%, respectively).

Conclusion:

The activation of the Slit2/Robo1 signaling pathway is an important
mechanism leading to the development of PM/DM.
N-(2-(Arylmethylimino)Ethyl)-7-Chloroquinolin-4-Amine Derivatives: A New and Potent Class of Anticancer Agents
Authors: da Silveira Pinto Ligia S. , de Souza Marcus V.N. , Kaiser Carlos R. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M.S.V.
Published: March 2020

Background:

In this study, we reported the in vitro cytotoxicity activities of a series of
N-(2-(arylmethylimino)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amine derivatives against four human cancer cell
lines.

Methods:

Good activities were obtained for compounds having aryl groups = 2-hydroxyphenyl,
pyridinyl, 5-nitrofuran-2-yl and 5-nitrothiophen-2-yl.

Results and Conclusion:

The results indicate that this group of compounds is a good starting point
for the potential discovery of new prototypes against cancer.
Enhancing Bioactive Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Cake by Using Pumpkin Powder
Authors: Akter Shamoli , Alam Md. J. , Hosen Faruk , Salamatullah  , Mustafa Rehnova , Huq AbulKashem O.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Pumpkin is a rich source of dietary nutrients utilized for its leaves, pulp, and
seeds to add value to the food product.

Objectives:

The study was designed to assess the effects of pumpkin powder as a partial replacement
of wheat flour on proximate analysis, bioactive component, physical, and sensory properties of cake.

Methods:

The cakes were prepared by replacing 5%, 10%, and 15% of wheat flour with pumpkin
powder and compared with control cake where no pumpkin powder was added.

Results:

Water and oil holding capacity of pumpkin powder were found significantly higher
(P<0.05) than wheat flour but there was no significant (P>0.05) difference found in emulsion activity
and emulsion stability. Protein and ash content of cake also increased with increasing substitution
of pumpkin powder in wheat flour. Pumpkin powder increased the bioactive compound of cake and
increased with increasing incorporation on wheat flour. Highest β-carotene content was observed in
15% pumpkin cake (1.12 mg/100g) followed by 10% cake (0.91 mg/100g). Total phenolic content
also increased in pumpkin cake than control cake and the highest concentration was found in 15%
pumpkin cake. Increasing proportions of pumpkin powder results in increasing antioxidant capacity
of cake and found 11.24% to 19.76% for control to 15% pumpkin cake. In texture profile analysis,
the hardness of samples increased slightly and vice versa for chewiness in pumpkin powder cake.

Conclusion:

The addition of 10% pumpkin powder significantly improved the nutritional as well as
sensory attributes of cake.
Моделирование пространственной динамики включения лазера-тиристора (λ=905 нм) на основе многопереходной гетероструктуры AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs
Authors: Соболева О.С. , Головин В.С. , Юферев В.С. , Гаврина П.С. , Пихтин Н.А. , Слипченко С.О. , Подоскин А.А.
Published: March 2020

Abstract A 2D carrier transport model to be used in studying the spatial current dynamics in laser thyristors is presented. The model takes into account such features as optical feedback, impact ionization, and drift velocity saturation in strong electric fields. It is shown that there is current localization during laser-thyristor switch-on. A relationship is demonstrated between the distribution nonuniformity of the control current and its amplitude and position of the initial switch-on region. The time of laser-thyristor switch-on is 13 ns at a feed voltage of 26V, with a time of switch-on spreading over the entire 200-μm stripe width of ~65 ns. These parameters remain invariable irrespective of the switch-on spatial dynamics.
Формирование многослойных структур с интегрированными мембранами на основе пористого кремния
Authors: Болотов В.В. , Ивлев К.Е. , Князев Е.В. , Пономарева И.В. , Росликов В.Е.
Published: March 2020

Multilayer integrated porous membranes in a monolithic frame were obtained. Porous membranes consist of macroporous silicon with pore diameters of up to 10 μm and channel silicon with channel diameters from 100 to 300 nm. A laboratory technology is proposed to formation of macroporous/channel silicon two-layer structures using high-resistance n-Si substrates (1 Ohm•cm). The mechanism of pore formation is discussed and how this mechanism affects the morphology of porous layers when formic acid and ammonium hydroxide are used as electrolytes.
Электропроводность FeGaInSe-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- на переменном токе
Authors: Нифтиев Н.Н. , Мамедов Ф.М. , Мурадов М.Б.
Published: March 2020

The results of studying frequency and temperature dependences of AC electrical conductivity in FeGaInSe4 crystals are presented. It was found in the frequency interval f = 5 • 104−106 Hz, the regularity σ ∝ fS (0.1 ≤ s ≤ 1.0) holds for electrical conductivity. From the temperuture dependences the activation energies were determined. It is shown that in the FeGaInSe4 crystal, the frequency dependence of electrical conductivity can be explained using the multiplet model, which means that the conductivity in these crystals is characterized by a band-hop mechanism.
Коррекция характеристик кремниевых фотодиодов путем применения ионной имплантации
Authors: Асадчиков В.Е. , Дьячкова И.Г. , Золотов Д.А. , Чуховский Ф.Н. , Никитина Е.В.
Published: March 2020

The paper considers the data of measurement of electrophysical parameters of silicon pin-photodiodes after implantation of defect-forming ions and subsequent heat treatment, which open a new way to reduce the dark current and increase the output of suitable devices. The data of electrophysical measurements are compared with the results of structural studies. The efficiency of proton irradiation of the periphery of n+-p transitions to protect the surface of pin-photodiodes based on high resistance silicon was experimentally established. Optimal conditions - modes of proton irradiation and subsequent thermal annealing (E = 100+200+300 Kev, D = 21016 cm-2, T = 300С, t = 2 h), at which the formation of a surface layer with optimal characteristics for achieving minimum dark currents of photosensitive sites and the guard ring occurs. The application of these modes to serial pin-photodiodes with a depth of n+ - p-transitions  3 m allowed to reduce the dark current by an order of magnitude and increase the output of suitable devices.
Солнечно-слепые детекторы УФ-излучения на основе пленок beta-Ga-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Калыгина В.М. , Алмаев А.В. , Новиков В.А. , Петрова Ю.С.
Published: March 2020

Resistive-type structures based on gallium oxide films were studied. Ga2O3 films were obtained by radio-frequency magnetron-assisted sputtering of a β-Ga2O3 (99.9999%) target onto unheated sapphire substrates with pre-deposited platinum electrodes. The structure and phase composition of the gallium-oxide films were determined. The current–voltage characteristics of the samples without and with exposure to radiation at the wavelengths λ = 254 nm were measured. It was shown that after annealing, the photocurrent increases by an order. The absence of sensitivity of the studied structures to radiation in the visible wavelength range was experimentally confirmed.
Digital Mental Health and COVID-19: Using Technology Today to Accelerate the Curve on Access and Quality Tomorrow
Authors: Torous John , Jän Myrick Keris , Rauseo-Ricupero Natali , Firth Joseph
Published: March 2020

As interest in and use of telehealth during the COVID-19 global pandemic increase, the potential of digital health to increase access and quality of mental health is becoming clear. Although the world today must “flatten the curve” of spread of the virus, we argue that now is the time to “accelerate and bend the curve” on digital health. Increased investments in digital health today will yield unprecedented access to high-quality mental health care. Focusing on personal experiences and projects from our diverse authorship team, we share selected examples of digital health innovations while acknowledging that no single piece can discuss all the impressive global efforts past and present. Exploring the success of telehealth during the present crisis and how technologies like apps can soon play a larger role, we discuss the need for workforce training, high-quality evidence, and digital equity among other factors critical for bending the curve further.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With and Without Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Resistant Depression: Protocol for Patient-Centered Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Abou El-Magd Rabab M , Obuobi-Donkor Gloria , Adu Medard K , Lachowski Christopher , Duddumpudi Surekha , Lawal Mobolaji A , Sapara Adegboyega O , Achor Michael , Kouzehgaran Maryam , Hegde Roshan , Chew Corina , Mach Mike , Daubert Shelley , Urichuk Liana , Snaterse Mark , Surood Shireen , Li Daniel , Greenshaw Andrew , Agyapong Vincent Israel Opoku
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Major depression is a severe, disabling, and potentially lethal clinical disorder. Only about half of patients respond to an initial course of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. At least 15% of all patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remain refractory to any treatment intervention. By the time that a patient has experienced 3 definitive treatment failures, the likelihood of achieving remission with the fourth treatment option offered is below 10%. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered a treatment option for patients with MDD who are refractory to antidepressant treatment. It is not currently known if the addition of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) enhances patients’ responses to rTMS treatments.

OBJECTIVE

This study will evaluate the initial comparative clinical effectiveness of rTMS with and without iCBT as an innovative patient-centered intervention for the treatment of participants diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

METHODS

This study is a prospective, two-arm randomized controlled trial. In total, 100 participants diagnosed with resistant depression at a psychiatric care clinic in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, will be randomized to one of two conditions: (1) enrolment in rTMS sessions alone and (2) enrolment in the rTMS sessions plus iCBT. Participants in each group will complete evaluation measures (eg, recovery, general symptomatology, and functional outcomes) at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome measure will be the mean change to scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patient service utilization data and clinician-rated measures will also be used to gauge patient progress. Patient data will be analyzed with descriptive statistics, repeated measures, and correlational analyses.

RESULTS

We expect the results of the study to be available in 24 months. We hypothesize that participants enrolled in the study who receive rTMS plus iCBT will achieve superior outcomes in comparison to participants who receive rTMS alone.

CONCLUSIONS

The concomitant application of psychotherapy with rTMS has not been investigated previously. We hope that this project will provide us with a concrete base of data to evaluate the practical application and efficacy of using a novel combination of these two treatment modalities (rTMS plus iCBT).

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0423965; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04239651

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/18843
Pengaruh Pelatihan Pelayanan Kefarmasian terhadap Pengetahuan Pengelola Obat di Puskesmas Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir
Authors: Amrullah Hafizh , Satibi Satibi , Fudholi Achmad
Published: March 2020

The increasing number of patients admited to primary healthcare (PHC) in the JKN era demands the readiness of PHC’s staff, especially pharmaceutical staff, to serve the community. Knowledge is a major necessity in collaborating with other health profesional to improve the quality of health services. Pharmaceutical staff who lack knowledge needs special training to improve their competences in drug management and clinical pharmacy services. This study aims to determine the effect of pharmacy service training on the knowledge of drug manager in PHC’s of Ogan Komering Ilir district. This research is a quasi-experimental design research with pre and post analysis approach in the intervention group and using the control group as a comparison. Subjects in the study were drug managers in the PHC’s of Ogan Komering Ilir district that met the criteria. The intervention was carried out by providing training to drug manager and providing pharmacy service manuals. The training material provided was based on the Pharmaceutical Services Training Curriculum compiled by Ministry of Health. Another instrument used was a validated questionnaire to measure the knowledge score of drug managers before and after training. A total of 13 drug managers participated in this study. After the training, the knowledge score of drug manager in the intervention group increased from 9.83 ± 2.401 to 12.67 ± 2.333 with value of p = 0.013. The majority of intervention group drug managers experienced an increase in knowledge both from the aspect of drug management and clinical pharmacy service aspects. This study concludes that training of drug managers has an effect on increasing knowledge of aspects of drug management and clinical pharmacy services.
On the Popularity of Emoticons
Authors: Zhang Aijing
Published: March 2020

Emoticons are now ubiquitous in people’s daily communication in China. The popularity of this new kind of expression is attributed to complex interplay of environment, culture, economy and life style. The functions of emoticons in communication center on the social aspect, to both the sender and the receiver. The aim of the study is to describe, analyze and summarize the usage of emoticons and the social functions in communication.
Sobre la propiedad de la tierra: aportes de Carlos Vaz Ferreira a la democracia como realización de un régimen de derechos humanos
Authors: Acosta Roncagliolo Yamandú
Published: March 2020

El artículo se ocupa del libro de Carlos Vaz Ferreira “Sobre la propiedad de la tierra” a cien años de su publicación en 1918, procurando estimar la validez y vigencia de sus análisis y propuestas. Vaz Ferreira sostiene que “el problema de la propiedad de la tierra” no se ha resuelto bien porque no se ha planteado bien. En los debates en torno a este problema se ha procedido indefectiblemente reduciéndolo al problema de la “tierra de producción”.

En ningún caso se ha considerado en su especificidad la “tierra de habitación” “como mínimo de derecho humano, el derecho de habitar: el derecho a gozar de tierra vivienda sin precio ni permiso”, que Vaz Ferreira propone. Considerando la democracia como realización de un régimen de derechos humanos, el discernimiento vazferreiriano, ofrece fundamentos a la realización de una democracia que pueda trascender la referencia de derechos humanos que sean trascendentalizaciones institucionales de condiciones estructurales del modo de producción vigente, por la referencia a derechos humanos que como el “derecho de habitar”, sean de los seres humanos por su condición de tales, más allá de cualquier lugar estructural que el sistema institucional refleje.
On Translating William Faulkner: A Personal Note
Authors: Skei Hans H.
Published: March 2020

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Charles B. Dew's Apostles of Disunion - Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War
Authors: Harding David
Published: March 2020

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Functioning of the flue gas treatment system in Polish municipal waste incineration plants
Authors: Czerwińska Justyna , Wielgosiński Grzegorz
Published: March 2020

All municipal waste incineration plants operating in Poland are discussed and their flue gas treatment systems are described in detail in the article. A comparison of performance indicators, i.e. the amount of raw materials consumed particularly in flue gas treatment systems, is presented. The article also summarizes the results of emission measurements for eight incineration plants in the years 2016–2019.
The use of ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighted interpolation to assess the odour impact of a poultry farming
Authors: Sówka Izabela , Pawnuk Marcin , Grzelka Agnieszka , Pielichowska Anna
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of spatial data interpolation methods in analyses of the odour impact of animal husbandry facilities. The interpolation methods of data obtained from measurements using the field olfactometry technique were the ordinary kriging method (OK) and the inverse distance weighted method (IDW). The quality of the analyses that have been obtained indicates the potentially better use of the OK method in the presentation of spatial odour concentration distributions.
Przykłady wykorzystania testu OSTRACODTOXKIT F™ do oceny zanieczyszczenia pyłów drogowych metalami w aglomeracji wrocławskiej
Authors: Wróbel Magdalena , Rybak Justyna , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta
Published: March 2020

Zanieczyszczenia obecne w pyle drogowym, pochodzące z ruchu ulicznego takie jak WWA i inne związki organiczne czy metale ciężkie, są wymywane wraz z deszczem i dostają się do wód, ostatecznie kumulując się w osadzie dennym na wiele lat, tym samym zagrażając organizmom wodnym oraz istotnie wpływając na jakość wód. Aby zbadać wpływ tych związków na zdrowie organizmów żywych, nie wystarczą tylko rutynowe badania chemizmu wód i badania osadów dennych, ponieważ do tego celu bardziej nadają się organizmy żywe. Z tego powodu chcąc poznać reakcję na tego typu zanieczyszczenia organizmów żywych, do badania toksyczności pyłów drogowych spłukiwanych z dróg po raz pierwszy w Polsce zastosowano test toksyczności chronicznej OSTRACODTOXKIT F™, który polega na obserwacji rozwoju Heterocypris incongruens naturalnie występującego w osadach dennych. Małżoraczki H. incongruens wykorzystane w badaniach są bardzo wrażliwe na zanieczyszczenie metalami ciężkimi, stanowią zatem odpowiednie narzędzie do badania toksyczności pyłu drogowego wymywanego do fazy wodnej. Badania prowadzono w aglomeracji wrocławskiej (w centrum miasta i na przedmieściach), na stanowiskach różniących się intensywnością ruchu drogowego. Stwierdzono, że pył drogowy ma istotny wpływ na zahamowanie wzrostu oraz żywotność małżoraczków, ponieważ na obszarach o dużym natężeniu ruchu drogowego ich śmiertelność była bardzo duża, co korespondowało z podwyższonymi poziomami stężenia badanych pierwiastków na tych stanowiskach badawczych. Z kolei pył drogowy zebrany na przedmieściach Wrocławia nie powodował śmiertelności małżoraczków i tylko nieznacznie wpłynął na ich rozwój. Podsumowując, stwierdzono, że test toksyczności chronicznej OSTRACODTOXKIT F™ jest odpowiednim narzędziem do badania wpływu pyłów drogowych na ekosystem wodny.
An assessment the wind potential energy as a generator of electrical energy in the coastal area of southern Iraq
Authors: Hadi Firas A. , Abdulsada Al-Knani Basim , Abdulwahab Rawnak Adel
Published: March 2020

Renewable energies have the potential to provide relatively clean energy, mostly for domestic energy. Wind power generation is expected to rise in the near future and has grown exponentially over the past decade in many countries. The most important parameter that must be taken into consideration when designing and studying wind power conversion systems is the wind speed. Probability density functions (PDF) such as Weibull is often used in wind speed and wind power analyses. This research presents an assessment of wind power based on the Weibull distribution statistics in the coastal of southern Iraq at Basrah province. Wind speed data for the study site were obtained from NASA at a height of 50 m for the period 1979–2016 with a time interval of 10 min. The data at a height of 50 m were extrapolated using the power law in order to estimate the wind speed at new heights: 30, 70 and 100 m. The different parameters of the Weibull function as well as the daily and monthly wind speeds, mean, variance and potential energy at four altitudes were estimated and analysed using Windographer software. Results indicate that the maximum wind speed at 100 m is 6.4 m·s–1, giving an average power density of 298 W·m–2, which indicates that the location of the study has marginal and useless potential for installing large wind turbines.
Impact of elevated outdoor MRT station towards passenger thermal comfort: A case study in Jakarta MRT
Authors: Sugiono Sugiono , Nurlaela Siti , Kusuma Andyka , Wicaksono Achmad , Lukodono Rio P.
Published: March 2020

Comfort of the train passengers is the main priority of modern mass rapid transit (MRT) management. Objective of this paper is to investigate the thermal comfort of the elevated MRT station in tropical climate. The first step of this study was to conduct literature review on human thermal comfort, environment ergonomics, computational fluid dynamic (CFD), computational aeroacoustics (CAA), and predicted mean vote (PMV). Air quality in elevated MRT station was measured based on several parameters: relative humidity, wind speed, temperature, and wind direction. A 3D model of MRT designed was used to describe existing condition prior to simulations with CFD and CAA softwares. Predicted mean vote is arranged based on the value of metabolism, wind speed, ambient temperature, mean radiant temperature, amount of insulation from clothing, and relative humidity. Whereas predicted percentage of dissatisfi ed (PPD) can be derived from PMV calculations. The analysis shows that the average PMV of existing condition for elevated outdoor MRT station is 3.6 (extremely hot) with PPD is 100% (all passengers felt discomfort). Some recommendations to reduce heat stress were addressed such as: adding plant, changing materials of the MRT station, and change the design of the elevated MRT station. Modifying open elevated MRT station into indoor elevated MRT station with installing six units of AC (2pk, ±23°C) can improve air quality and maintain the thermal comfort scale of PMV to be –0.04 (comfort) with PPD of < 8%. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the most suitable design for elevated MRT station in tropical climate (hot and humid) is indoor MRT station with pay attention to both direct and indirect heat exposure that hit the station.
Epistemic feature of democracy: The role of expert in democratic decision making
Authors: Jankovic Ivana
Published: March 2020

In her book Democracy and Truth: The Conflict between Political and Epistemic
Virtues, Snjezana Prijic Samarzija advocates that a purely procedural
justification which defines the authority and legitimacy of democracy only
in relation to the fairness of the procedure itself is not enough for a full
justification of democracy. Some epistemic values should also be included.
This epistemic quality of democracy depends on the quality of the decisions
that the democratic procedures produce. In that sense, the author is
advocating a hybrid theory that secures harmony between political and
epistemic values, favoring deliberative procedure for this purpose, and thus
promotes equal respect for both democratic values. In doing so, she is
advocating the specific type of division of epistemic labor that I will
attempt to critically re-examine here, as well as to bring into question the
privileged role of the experts in democratic decision-making.
The epistemology of democracy: The epistemic virtues of democracy
Authors: Prijic-Samarzija Snjezana
Published: March 2020

The new and vibrant field of the epistemology of democracy, or the inquiry
about the epistemic justification of democracy as a social system of
procedures, institutions, and practices, as a cross-disciplinary endeavour,
necessarily encounters both epistemologists and political philosophers.
Despite possible complaints that this kind of discussion is either
insufficiently epistemological or insufficiently political, my approach
explicitly aims to harmonize the political and epistemic justification of
democracy. In this article, I tackle some fundamental issues concerning the
nature of the epistemic justification of democracy and the best theoretical
framework for harmonizing political and epistemic values. I also inquire
whether the proposed division of epistemic labour and the inclusion of
experts can indeed improve the epistemic quality of decision-making without
jeopardizing political justification. More specifically, I argue in favour
of three theses. First, not only democratic procedures but also the outcomes
of democracy, as a social system, need to be epistemically virtuous. Second,
democracy?s epistemic virtues are more than just a tool for achieving
political goals. Third, an appropriate division of epistemic labour has to
overcome the limitations of both individual and collective intelligence.
Ius sive potentia: Paul and Spinoza
Authors: Milovic Miroslav
Published: March 2020

This article is a part of a research project entitled Law as Potency, that,
broadly put, investigates the relation between law and ontology. I argue,
starting from St. Paul, that an ontological perspective can be understood as
the possibility of justice, in a sense of a liberation of the human being.
Thus, this paper offers an analysis of the concepts of potency and
universality. Even though the term ?universalism? is not explicitly
mentioned, it is present in St. Paul?s thinking and brought onto its
practical consequences. In addition, Spinoza?s reading of St. Paul opens up
a possibility to challenge this concept to a concept of modern teleology.
Therefore, I discuss the consequences of this confrontation in regard to
law, politics and economics. This leads to an articulation of another
modernity, where, perhaps, the universal appears as the affirmation of
difference.
Philosophical implications of Morris’ semiotic theory
Authors: Bogdanovic Milos
Published: March 2020

The subject of this paper is Charles Morris? semiotic theory that has as one
of its major projects the unification of all sciences of signs. However,
since the above project has proven to be unsuccessful, we will try to
examine here the reasons that led to this. Accordingly, we will argue that
to transcend the particularities of individual disciplines that he wanted to
unify, Morris had to make certain ontological assumptions, instead of
theoretical and methodological ones, that they could share. However, because
the ?sign? as an ontological category could in our view only be established
if we follow the principles of the pragmatic philosophical tradition, we
will try to show that the reasons for this failure should be primarily
sought in different effects that consistent application of the pragmatic
principles has in each of them (primarily in linguistics and the philosophy
of language). On the other hand, this should enable us to draw several
important conclusions regarding Morris? project: namely, that his failure
does not have to mean giving up semiotics as a potentially key discipline in
approaching some fundamental philosophical problems, but also that it would
demand return to the original semiotics developed in Peirce?s works.
Agreement between parents’ proxy reports and children’s self-reports of physical activity and sedentary behavior in children aged 7 – 10 years in Vojvodina
Authors: Sumonja Sanja , Jevtic Marija
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between parents? and children?s reports of children?s physical activity and screen-based sedentary activities. Material and Methods. The sample included 7 - 10 year-old children (n = 94) and their parents (n = 94) in a local community in Vojvodina. Parents and children separately completed question?naires about the types of physical and sedentary activities and the time children spent in different activities during one day. The agreement between children?s and parents? responses was calculated using Cohen?s kappa. The differences in parents? and children?s responses in relation to gender and grade the students attended were analyzed using ?2 test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The highest level of agreement (? = 0.74; p = 0.00) was found for the questions concerning physical activity in the morning before going to school. The lowest level of agreement was found for watching TV in the morning before going to school (? = 0.21; p = 0.04). Children reported spending more time in screen-based sedentary activities than their parents. Conclusion. This research showed that there are differences in reports of children?s physical activities and screen time obtained from children aged 7 to 10 years and their parents. The lowest level of agreement was found for watching television, indicating low level of awareness and control of this screen-based sedentary behavior.
Morphological characteristics of foramen Vesalius in dry adult human skulls
Authors: Maletin Milos , Vukovic Milos , Sekulic Milan , Drljevic-Todic Vanja
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The foramen Vesalius is a variable foramen located at the skull base, anteromedial to the foramen ovale behind and lateral to the foramen rotundum. This foramen is also known as emissary sphenoidal foramen. The aim of the research was to determine the anatomical characteristics of the foramen Vesalius in adult human skulls and foramina classification according to their type, shape, and sex distribution. Material and Methods. The study included 26 dry adult human skulls of both sexes from the collection of the Depart?ment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad. The skulls were macroscopically analyzed according to the presence or absence of the foramen Vesalius. Results. The foramen Vesalius was found in 16 skulls (61.54%) and it was absent in 10 skulls (38.46%). The incidence of bilateral and unilateral foramen Vesalius was 87.5% (14 skulls) and 12.5% (2 skulls), respectively. The foramen Vesalius was found in 10 male skulls (62.5%) and in 6 female skulls (37.5%). Conclusion. Based on the morphological analysis of the skulls, the study showed that the foramen of Vesalius can be unilateral or bilateral. The bilateral foramen was more common and it was usually round and symmetrical. In regard to the sex prevalence, the foramen was more prevalent in male than in female skulls. The results of the study showed that foramen Vesalius is not an uncommon anatomical variation, and its presence and morphological appearance are important information for physicians in various fields.
Physician health challenges and return to work - insights from a research for physicians by physicians
Authors: Belkic Karen , Nedic Olesja
Published: March 2020

Introduction. High rates of burnout, suicide and hypertension complications among physicians suggest an occupational etiology. Generic assessments of the work environment are insufficient. We examine how physicians? ?participatory action research? with appropriate theoretical underpinnings provides insights. Work Stressor Models with Instruments Created ?for Physicians by Physicians?. Specific instruments based on the Job Demands-Resources model were developed by radiologists and psychosocial oncologists, aimed at ameliorating burnout. Increasing perceived value of work, frank discussions and communication between senior and junior colleagues were key The physician-specific Occupational Stressor Index based on an additive burden model in-formed by cognitive ergonomics was also developed by physicians. Total occupational stressor burden was high among physicians with cardiovascular disease. Long workhours, speed-up and job loss threat were associated with case status. Anesthesiologists and surgeons had the highest stressor burden, with nightshift work targeted for lowering risk. Associations between job stressors and cardiovascular risk were strongest among female physicians. Return to Healthier Work. Intervention studies on return-to-work regarding burnout, cardiovascular disease or malignancy are sparse among physicians. Reduced workhours and paid ?protected? time to discuss shared experience may be helpful. Clinical experience suggests that the physician-specific Occupational Stressor Index facilitates return to healthier work. Conclusions. Occupation-specific instruments developed ?for physicians by physicians? based on work stressor models can improve physicians? work con?ditions and health. Finding the best strategies for return-to-work among physicians with stress-related disorders remains a challenge. Modified work conditions can yield positive results. Return to healthier work enhances physician empowerment and often im?proves general work climate.
Effect of piezocision corticotomy on en-masse retraction:
Authors: Hatrom Abdulkarim A. , Zawawi Khalid H. , Al-Ali Reem M. , Sabban Hanadi M. , Zahid Talal M. , Al-Turki Ghassan A. , Hassan Ali H.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To compare the amount of en-masse retraction with or without piezocision corticotomy, to assess the type of tooth movement, to evaluate root integrity after retraction, and to record reported pain levels.

Materials and Methods

This randomized, controlled clinical trial included 26 orthodontic patients requiring premolar extraction. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) an extraction with piezocision corticotomy group (PCG) and (2) an extraction-only group, which served as the control group (CG). Cone-beam computed tomography images were acquired before and 4 months after the initiation of en-masse retraction utilizing miniscrews. The following variables were assessed: the amount of en-masse retraction, incisor inclination, incisor and canine root resorption, and patient-reported pain.

Results

Twelve and 11 participants completed the entire study in the PCG and CG, respectively. The amount of en-masse retraction was significantly greater in the PCG compared to the CG (mean = 4.8 ± 0.57 mm vs 2.4 ± 0.33 mm, respectively [P < .001]). There was also significantly less tipping and root resorption of incisors in the PCG (P < .05). The reported pain was significantly higher on the first day in the PCG compared to the CG (P < .001); however, it became similar between the groups after 24 hours.

Conclusions

Piezocision corticotomy enhanced the amount of en-masse retraction two times more with less root resorption. However, future studies are required to assess the long-term effects of this technique.
Online optical inspection of air permeability of packaging materials during laser perforation
Authors: Shi Hui , Li Gangyan , Yu Wenyong
Published: March 2020

Laser perforations are formed in packaging to control the rate of gas exchange and maintain a balance between the respiration of the product and the permeation of the package. The air permeability of the packaging materials is typically measured using air-driven methods, but these do not allow for online measurement during the rapid production of perforations. The required permeability is generally obtained through trial and error. This paper describes the simulation of air-driven methods through computational fluid dynamics to study the effects of turbulence on the rate of air flow through perforations. A mathematical model is developed to quantify the influence of the microperforated size, the total area of exchange, and the thickness of the material on air permeability under certain temperature and pressure differences. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. An optical system based on the model is designed for the online inspection of packaging materials during the rapid production of laser perforations. Air permeability is precisely determined by analyzing continuous images of the perforations. Perforation characteristics such as shape, quantity, and density can also be measured to allow for feedback control of the perforation process according to the features of the packaged products. The validity and accuracy of the developed system are experimentally verified.