bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie als Therapiealternative bei posttraumatischer verzögerter Knochenheilung
Authors: Hempe Sebastian , Bieler Dan , Braunegger Grit , Schilling Thomas , Waldeck Stephan , Kollig Erwin
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund

Posttraumatische Knochenheilungsstörungen stellen eine relevante Komplikation von Frakturen dar. Die operative Revision hat sich als Standardtherapie etabliert. Als alternatives, nichtoperatives Behandlungsverfahren kann die extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) die Möglichkeit bieten, die potenziellen Komplikationen eines operativen Vorgehens zu vermeiden.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Ergebnisse einer eigenen Fallserie sollen dargestellt und mit der aktuellen Literatur verglichen werden.

Material und Methoden

Im Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2016 wurden 97 Patienten mit posttraumatischer Knochenheilungsstörung alternativ zu einer Revisionsoperation mittels ESWT behandelt. Klinische und demografische Parameter dieses Kollektivs wurden erhoben und ausgewertet. Primärer Endpunkt war die knöcherne Ausheilung. Verschiedene Faktoren wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Frakturkonsolidierung untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Nach ESWT konnte eine Konsolidierungsrate von 60,8 % erzielt werden. Eine präinterventionelle Diastase ≥ 5 mm, eine initiale Dislokation > ½ Schaftbreite, aktiver Nikotinkonsum sowie ein Zeitraum von der Fraktur bis zur ESWT > 6 Monate wurden als signifikant negative Einflussfaktoren identifiziert. Es traten keine relevanten Komplikationen auf.

Schlussfolgerung

Die ESWT ist eine sichere und vielversprechende Therapiealternative bei posttraumatisch verzögerter Knochenheilung. Unter Berücksichtigung von vorab zu identifizierenden Risikofaktoren kann ihre Erfolgsrate gesteigert werden.

Graphic abstract
Can we explore AF–pacemakers’ relationship using clinical and echocardiographic parameters in patients with permanent pacemaker? (Echocardiography and subclinical AF in permanent pacemaker)
Authors: EL-Dosouky Ibtesam I. , Ammar Ahmed Shafie , El Sherbiny Islam A. , Mahmoud Mohamed M.
Published: August 2022

Patients on implanted permanent pacemakers frequently develop atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to determine the Echocardiographic and clinical parameters predicting AF in patients with a dual-chamber (DDD) pacemaker. This retrospective study included 208 patients with permanent pacemaker, classified according to development of AF during follow up into 2 groups: AF (77, 37%) and non AF (131, 63%), baseline: clinical, ECG(P-wave dispersion) and echo {diastolic wall strain (DWS),left arial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular stiffness index(LVSI)} data were assessed. AF group were older with more P wave dispersion, lesser DWS, greater LVSI& LAVI, LVSI at a cut off > 0.13 and DWS at a cut off < 0.34 were predictors of AF in patients with DDD pacemakers. LVSI and DWS could be used as simple good predictors for AF in patients with DDD pacemakers, for timely initiation of anticoagulants according to CHA2DS2VASc score to decrease ischemic stroke burden.
Failed protective effort of ex situ conservation of River Vistula trout (Salmo trutta) in Sweden
Authors: Petersson Erik , Rask Jörgen , Dębowski Piotr
Published: August 2022

Ex situ conservation comprises some of the oldest and best-known conservation methods and it has been applied for different fish stocks. This study describes attempts undertaken to preserve the long-migrating River Vistula (Poland) brown trout by a sea-ranching programme in the River Dalälven (Sweden). This focal strain was threatened in its native river and a major reason for selecting the River Dalälven was that its river mouth faces north as does that of the River Vistula. In the Swedish river, the Vistula trout in the 1970s and early 1980s returned early in the autumn and were generally large-sized (compared to the native strain of the River Dalälven). Over the study period (1978–2012), the size of returning adult fish declined, the return date becoming later in the year, and the number of spawners also declined. The reasons for these changes were probably caused by several interacting factors: (1) the most likely being high mortality of early returning fish which were held for longest in captivity before being used in the artificial spawning process; (2) the fact that the hatchery process was adapted to the Dalälven strain and not the Vistula one; (3) that the Vistula fish were marked by removing both pelvic fins (possible reducing subsequent survival); and (4) low genetic variation (as a result of few returning individuals). Thus, for several reasons, this ex situ conservation attempt for Vistula trout in Sweden is thought to have failed.
Quine’s Underdetermination Thesis
Authors: Johannesson Eric
Published: August 2022

In On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World from 1975, Quine formulated a thesis of underdetermination roughly to the effect that every scientific theory has an empirically equivalent but logically incompatible rival, one that cannot be discarded merely as a terminological variant of the former. For Quine, the truth of this thesis was an open question. If true, some would argue that it undermines any belief in scientific theories that is based purely on their empirical success. But despite its potential significance, surprisingly little has been done by way of establishing or refuting it. My aim is to establish the thesis for as large a class of theories as possible. Under various precisifications of the concepts involved, I show that it holds for all consistent and recursively axiomatizable theories that postulate infinitely many theoretical entities.
The Relevance of Prior Offending to Risk and Need in Youth Family Violence: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Sheed Abigail T. , Simmons M. , Spivak B. , Papalia N. , McEwan T.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The present study examines differences in the characteristics and recidivism risk of young people reported to police for family violence (FV) with a history of prior offending (generalists) and those only known to police for using FV (family-only).

Method

A population-based cohort of youth aged 10–24 years (N = 5014) who were reported to police for using FV over a four-month period in 2019 was examined and FV-related risk and need data extracted, with a six-month follow-up period for further police-reported FV. All data was extracted from police databases. Logistic regression with odds ratios as a measure of effect size were used to compare generalist and family-only cohorts. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess time to FV recidivism among the two cohorts, and to assess whether diversity of prior offending was associated with risk of FV recidivism among generalist youth.

Results

Generalists were more likely than family-only youth to be recorded as using FV in a high severity FV incident, be abusive across multiple relationships, and breach court orders. Generalists experienced a greater level of need and were more likely to engage in FV recidivism, and do so more quickly, than family-only youth. Diversity of prior offending among generalists was positively associated with risk of FV recidivism.

Conclusion

Compared to family-only youth, generalists represent a higher risk cohort with a greater level of need. History of prior offending among young people may be a simple and efficacious means of prioritising higher risk youth who use FV.
Data-driven method development and evaluation for indie mobile game publishing
Authors: Su Yanhui
Published: August 2022

With the emergence of mobile distribution channels, the traditional game value chain has produced new changes, leading to the emergence of the mobile value chain. Independent (Indie) game developers can upload their games directly through third-party app stores and publish them themselves. However, many indie game developers have issues with game publishing, especially updating the new version, promoting the market, and forecasting revenue for their games. This paper aims to provide a method to guide indie mobile game developers with mobile publishing. This new method mainly focuses on addressing the main challenges from the indie game developer’s side. The method includes a new concept of mobile game publishing logic and an online analysis tool along with the guidelines. It shows how to collect and analyze data and guide new version updates, marketing promotion, and revenue forecasts. In practice, the method was provided to six indie game companies and guided their mobile game publishing, and related data were collected and analyzed for evaluation. Based on the survey and interview results, the usefulness, usability, and confidence in the method were positive, and the method improved the indie game developers’ mobile game publishing and benefited their game business.
Analysis of Melatonin-Modulating Effects Against Tartrazine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Immunohistochemical Markers
Authors: Essawy Amina E. , Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahiem , Ali Rania Gaber , Ali Awatef M. , Abdou Heba Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Tartrazine (E-102) is one of the most widely used artificial food azo-colors that can be metabolized to highly sensitizing aromatic amines such as sulphanilic acid. These metabolites are oxidized to N-hydroxy derivatives that cause neurotoxicity. Melatonin is a neurohormone. That possesses a free-radical scavenging effect. The present work was mainly designed to evaluate the possible ameliorative role of melatonin against tartrazine induced neurotoxicity in cerebral cortex and cerebellum of male rats. Adult male rats were administered orally with tartrazine (7.5 mg/kg) with or without melatonin (10 mg/kg) daily for four weeks. The data revealed that tartrazine induced redox disruptions as measured by significant (p < 0.05) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and inhibition of (GSH) concentration and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, brain acetyl cholin (Ach) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were elevated while, dopamine (DA) was depleted in trtrazine -treated rats. Moreover, tartrazine caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the brain interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). At the tissue level, tartrazine caused severe histopathological changes in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats. The immunohistochemical results elucidated strong positive expression for Caspase-3 and GFAP and weak immune reaction for BcL2 and synaptophysin in tatrazine- treated rats. The administration of melatonin to tartrazine -administered rats remarkably alleviated all the aforementioned tartrzine-induced effects. It could be concluded that, melatonin has a potent ameliorative effect against tartrazine induced neurotoxicity via the attenuation of oxidative/antioxidative responses.
Policing Child Protection: Motivational Postures of Contesting Third Parties
Authors: Braithwaite Valerie , Ivec Mary
Published: August 2022

Child protection reform has been difficult, despite evidence that practice should be more child-centred, respectful and responsively inclusive of family and communities. An Australian survey of 387 third parties working with statutory child protection authorities revealed widespread support for reform, but significant opposition to child protection authorities. Only police aligned themselves with child protection authorities. Welfare and family workers were most likely to have defiant postures of resistance and disengagement and to criticize child protection authorities for their bureaucratic ritualism, poor accountability, low trustworthiness and social exclusion. Lawyers and special service providers shared some of these criticisms, while health and educational professionals remained neutral. System reform is likely to grind to a halt when essential third parties are adopting oppositional positions. Principle-led communities of practice that are multidisciplinary and community-inclusive may offer the best hope for cutting through reform gridlock and broadening and deepening capabilities.
Radioligand therapy (RLT) as neoadjuvant treatment for inoperable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a literature review
Authors: Urso Luca , Nieri Alberto , Rambaldi Ilaria , Castello Angelo , Uccelli Licia , Cittanti Corrado , Panareo Stefano , Gagliardi Irene , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Bartolomei Mirco
Published: August 2022

In the last 10 years, several literature reports supported radioligand therapy (RLT) in neoadjuvant settings for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Indeed, primary tumor shrinkage has been frequently reported following RLT in unresectable or borderline resectable PanNETs. Moreover, RLT-induced intratumoral modifications facilitate surgery, both on primary tumor and metastasis, having a great impact on progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL). However, prospective controlled investigations are necessary to confirm preliminary data and to define the best RLT scheme and the ideal patient that, in a multidisciplinary approach, should be referred to neoadjuvant RLT.
Do attachment-related differences in reflective functioning explain associations between expressed emotion and youth self-harm?
Authors: Kennedy-Turner Jamie , Sawrikar Vilas , Clark Lucy , Griffiths Helen
Published: August 2022

Youth self-harm is associated with poor health outcomes and attempted and completed suicide. Associations exist between self-harm and expressed emotion (EE), attachment insecurity, and reflective functioning (RF), but these associations are poorly understood. This study evaluates a mediation model in which perceived caregiver EE (pEE) exerts an indirect effect on youth self-harm through attachment insecurity and RF uncertainty. 461 participants aged 16–24 years completed an online survey. Statistical analyses revealed significant direct effects of pEE on attachment insecurity, and of RF uncertainty on self-harm; however, some direct effects were specific to pEE from female caregivers, and attachment insecurity in youth relationships with female caregivers. A significant direct effect of pEE on self-harm was found for pEE from male caregivers only. Significant indirect effects of pEE on self-harm through attachment anxiety and RF uncertainty were found only in relation to female caregivers. The findings encourage family-, attachment-, and mentalization-based approaches to preventing and treating youth self-harm, with a recommendation that caregivers are given adequate support, education, and skills-based training following youth disclosures of self-harm.
Focal-type, but not Diffuse-type, Amyloid Beta Plaques are Correlated with Alzheimer’s Neuropathology, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation in the Human Hippocampus
Authors: Liu Fan , Sun Jianru , Wang Xue , Jin Sixuan , Sun Fengrun , Wang Tao , Yuan Bo , Qiu Wenying , Ma Chao
Published: August 2022

Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, currently available anti-amyloid therapies fail to show effectiveness in the treatment of AD in humans. It has been found that there are different types of Aβ plaque (diffuse and focal types) in the postmortem human brain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlations among different types of Aβ plaque and AD-related neuropathological and cognitive changes based on a postmortem human brain bank in China. The results indicated that focal plaques, but not diffuse plaques, significantly increased with age in the human hippocampus. We also found that the number of focal plaques was positively correlated with the severity of AD-related neuropathological changes (measured by the “ABC” scoring system) and cognitive decline (measured by the Everyday Cognitive Insider Questionnaire). Furthermore, most of the focal plaques were co-localized with neuritic plaques (identified by Bielschowsky silver staining) and accompanied by microglial and other inflammatory cells. Our findings suggest the potential of using focal-type but not general Aβ plaques as biomarkers for the neuropathological evaluation of AD.
Immunological Markers for Central Nervous System Glia
Authors: Huang Hao , He Wanjun , Tang Tao , Qiu Mengsheng
Published: August 2022

Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are composed of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. They contribute more than half of the total cells of the CNS, and are essential for neural development and functioning. Studies on the fate specification, differentiation, and functional diversification of glial cells mainly rely on the proper use of cell- or stage-specific molecular markers. However, as cellular markers often exhibit different specificity and sensitivity, careful consideration must be given prior to their application to avoid possible confusion. Here, we provide an updated overview of a list of well-established immunological markers for the labeling of central glia, and discuss the cell-type specificity and stage dependency of their expression.
Ataxia Rating Scales Reveal Increased Scores in Very Preterm Born 5–6-Year-Old Preschool Children and Young Adults
Authors: Albayrak Bilge , Dathe Anne-Kathrin , Heuser-Spura Katharina Maria , Felderhoff-Mueser Ursula , Timmann Dagmar , Huening Britta Maria
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate whether scores in ataxia rating scales (ARS) are different in very preterm (VP) preschool and adult participants compared to term controls. This is a case–control study. Sixty VP children (years: 5.5–6.5; gestational age: 23.9–31.7 weeks) and 56 VP adults (years: 17.8–27.9; gestational age: 23.3–32.0 weeks) without major cerebral lesions participated in the study; 60-age and sex-matched term children and 64 term adults for comparison were used in the study intervened with the assessment with International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Main outcome measures are primary outcome: total icars and sara scores in preterm (vp) participants versus controls. Results showed that VP children showed significantly higher total ICARS (M 15.98, SD 6.29, range 4.0–32.0; p < .001) and SARA scores (M 6.5, SD 2.53, range 1.0–15.0; p < .001) than controls (ICARS: M 9.17, SD 3.88, range 2.0–20.0; SARA: M 3.51, SD 1.54, range 1.0–8.0). VP adults also showed significantly higher total ICARS (M 1.0, SD 1.99, range 0.0–11.0; p < .001) and SARA scores (M 0.54, SD 1.08, range 0.0–6.0; p < .001) than controls (ICARS: M 0.11, SD 0.44, range 0.0–2.0; SARA: M 0.04, SD 0.18, range 0.0–1.0). In conclusion, VP children showed significantly higher scores in ARS than controls. These differences were also present in VP adults, suggesting that deficits likely prevail until adulthood. ARS are a time and cost-effective method to screen for difficulties in coordination and balance in a patient group at risk.
Karst Heritage as a Tourist Attraction: a Case Study in the White Desert National Park, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Khalaf Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim
Published: August 2022

Geotourism is a form of maintainable tourism that emphasizes the geoheritage characteristics of a district. Karst landforms are one of the most imperative appealing aspects of the theme of nature-based tourism. The geomorphological regionalization of the karst landforms contributes to a better understanding of Earthʼs evolution and provides the necessary provincial knowledge for resource utilization, ecological protection, and general economic improvement. To achieve this goal, an integrated geomorphological approach for inventorying, appraising, and evaluating sites of karst geoheritage within the framework of geomorphosite assessment method convoyed by SWOT analysis has been performed in the White Desert National Park (WDNP), Western Desert, Egypt. The paper aims to highlight the geotourism potential of the WDNP and offer strategic plans for identifying geotourist resources to a larger community through geoeducation and geoconservation. The WDNP is covered by Upper Cretaceous-Late Tertiary karstified carbonate successions and fluvioclastic rocks that host an interesting assemblage of diverse karst landforms (geodiversity) and amazing flora (bioturbation mangrove roots) together with fauna (biodiversity), revealing a geological open-air museum. The karst sites, which offer several phenomena with significant lithological, morphological, and paleogeographic features, embrace aesthetic, educational, scientific/scenic, and touristic values that will endure spectators of the geological evolution of this province. The brilliant conspicuousness, scientific excellence, innovative appeal, and distinctiveness of karst geomorphosites involving poljes/uvalas, karst lakes, natural sculptures, mushrooms, inselbergs, towers/bridges, dolines/sinkholes, cones/domes, and speleothems deliberate resources for the progress of geotourism. These landscapes can be considered tools for science and education because they give knowledge about rock/soil types and rock permeability, and paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic circumstances. Most of their landforms can be used as habitats for endangered bird species, which attract several sightseers, an indicative of ecological significance. This excellent karst geodiversity provides an appreciated tool for geotourism and geopark development that is preferred to raise the local economy for populations and reinforce rural growth in neighboring towns and cities. The paper’s findings reveal a comprehensive base for the improvement, planning, and management of the WDNP in order for it to become a geotourism endpoint. Furthermore, they improve the position of the WDNP in the tourist market and contribute to the local maintainable progress via giving socio-economic assistance to the local community for the advancement of geotourism through geoconservation and sustainability.
Overview and quality assessment of volcanic tuffs in the Mexican building heritage
Authors: Siegesmund Siegfried , Pötzl Christopher , López-Doncel Rubén , Gross Christian J. , Dohrmann Reiner , Ufer Kristian
Published: August 2022

Many cultural heritage sites in Mexico have been built with volcanic tuff rocks from the earliest Central American civilizations to the time of the Spanish conquest and up to the present. Throughout this long period of time, the stones have been subjected to progressive weathering as evidenced by different types of damage phenomenon such as scaling, sanding, crumbling, sugaring and salt efflorescence. This study utilizes a collection of 53 tuffs from different regions in Mexico that show a diverse range of colors, rock compositions and mineralogy, and heterogeneous rock fabrics indicative of their volcanic origin. Comprehensive investigations have been done that include detailed petrographic analyses, cathodoluminescence, clay mineral analyses, and the determination of a wide range of petrophysical properties (e.g., porosity, capillary water uptake, water absorption, sorption, hydric and thermal expansion, and mechanical properties). All analyzed data combined are used for derivation of some general trends concerning the suitability/durability of tuffs applied as natural building stones.
Sonographic findings in scabies
Authors: Dominguez-Santas M. , Roustan-Gullon G. , Alfageme-Roldan F.
Published: August 2022

Scabies is a cutaneous infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, a small mite that performs its whole life cycle within the epidermis. In this case report, we provide images of the sonographic signs of scabies. We found that the adult mite can be seen as a hyperechoic well-defined ovoid area within the epidermal layer at the end of the hypoechoic burrow, while the eggs correspond to tiny heteroechoic dots along the burrow. In conclusion, ultrasound may prove useful to differentiate between inhabited vs non-inhabited scabiotic burrows.
Insight into Atomic-Scale Adhesion at the C–Cu Interface During the Initial Stage of Nanoindentation
Authors: Gao Jian , Luo Xichun , Chang Wenlong , Wang Zhengjian , Yan Yongda , Geng Yanquan
Published: August 2022

Adhesion is a common phenomenon in nanomachining which affects processing accuracy and repeatability. As material removal approaches the atomic or close-to-atomic scale, quantum mechanics becomes the dominant principle behind the atomic-level interaction. However, atomic-scale effects cannot be properly described by empirical potential function-based molecular dynamics simulations. This study uses a first-principles method to reveal the atomic-scale adhesion between a diamond tip and a copper slab during initial-stage nanoindentation. Using a simplified tip and slab model, adhesion energy, electronic distribution, and density of states are analyzed based on quantum chemistry calculation. Results show that atomic adhesion is primarily due to the covalent bonding interaction between C and Cu atoms, which can induce structural changes to the diamond tip and copper slab. The effects of tip position and angles on adhesion are further studied through a series of simulations. The results show that adhesion between the tip and slab is sensitive to the lattice structure and a variant in angstroms is enough to cause different adhesion and structural changes. The actual determinants of adhesion can only be the atomic and electronic structures at the tip–slab interface. Bond rotation and breakage are observed during simulation and their effects on adhesion are further discussed. To conclude, the first-principles method is important for the analysis of an atomic-scale interaction system, even if only as an aid to describing adhesion at atomic and electronic scales.
To Compare the Effects of two Pelvic Floor Muscle Treatments on Quality of Life and Sexual Function in Female Patients With Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Wang Yiqun , Chen Weihong , Li Wei
Published: August 2022

Background

Adjuncts used clinically to improve the efficacy of Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) include electromyographic biofeedback (EB) and electrical stimulation (ES).

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PFMT on patients' quality of life and sexual function in UI treatment. Different PFMT with different EB + ES treatments were designed in this study. In order to distinguish between 10 minutes of electrical stimulation at the beginning of PFMT treatment to fully arouse the patient's body response and then Kegel training, or one electric stimulation and a Kegel action, which is better. For this purpose, we designed two different treatment groups: 10ES-20EB and 15ES-15EB.Whether changing pelvic floor treatment regimen can better improve quality of life and sexual function in female patients with urinary incontinence?

Methods

Patients diagnosed urinary incontinence (UI) were from January 2020 to April 2021 at our Hospital, Jiangsu Province.

Outcome

Primary outcome including I-QOL and PISQ-12, and secondary outcome including measurements of pelvic floor musculature by glazer method were compared before and after treatment in both groups.

Results

78 patients were enrolled including 37 cases in 10ES-20EB group and 41 in 15ES-15EB group. Both groups made similar gains in quality of life and sexual function.There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Glazer total score and I-QOL and PISQ-12 questionnaire results. However, 15ES-15EB significantly improved the flick contractions average peak more than the 10ES-20EBgroup(P < 0.05).

Clinical Implications

Pelvic floor muscle training is a commonly recommended physical therapy treatment that has been shown to improve the outcome of UI, Comparison of the main observation indicators I-QOL and PISQ-12 before and after treatment between the two groups have good clinical significance

Strengths and Limitations

The sample is single, the sample size is small, and the participating patients are all from the same hospital.

Conclusions

These two different pelvic floor muscle treatment (10ES-20EB and 15ES-15EB)were examined and found to may improve the quality of life and sexual function of women with UI.
Genetic detection of congenital heart disease
Authors: Rachamadugu Sumathi I. , Miller Kristen A. , Lee Ina H. , Zou Ying S.
Published: August 2022

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly and is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Besides the epigenetic and environmental basis of CHD, genetics plays a central role in CHD pathogenesis. Traditional genetic testing strategies including conventional chromosome analysis, fluorescencein situhybridization, and Sanger sequencing have largely focused on syndromic CHD or selected CHD phenotypes that are strongly associated with a particular genotype. The landscape of clinical genetic testing in CHD is rapidly evolving due to technical advances in genetic testing, including the identification of copy number variants by chromosomal microarray and nucleotide level alterations/variants by next-generation sequencing (NGS), which are essential to detect genetic causes of CHD and identify associations between genotypes and longitudinal clinical phenotypes. Whole-exome and whole-genome NGS not only reveal pathogenic variants in CHD genes, but also identify non-coding variants that influence the expression of CHD genes. Given the increasing availability and cost-effectiveness of clinical NGS to provide information on the causes of CHD and to detect incidental findings that are clinically actionable, the guidance of genetic counselors or experienced clinicians is essential. The identification of definitive causal CHD variants influences patient care and helps to inform the risk of recurrence, prenatal genetic counseling, and pre-implantation testing for the family of a CHD infant and adults with repaired/palliated CHD. Prenatally, circulating cell-free DNA screening as a non-invasive approach is available as early as 9 weeks of gestation and can screen for the common aneuploidies, which may underlie CHD. In this review, we present past and recent genetic testing in CHD based on our increased understanding of the pathogenesis of CHD along with current challenges with the interpretation ofde novogenetic variants. Identification of a genetic diagnosis can help to predict and potentially improve clinical outcomes in CHD patients.
The Pursuit of Style in Early Modern Drama
Authors: Hunter Matthew
Published: August 2022

The Pursuit of Style in Early Modern Drama examines how early modern plays celebrated the power of different styles of talk to create dynamic forms of public address. Across the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, London expanded into an uncomfortably public city where everyone was a stranger to everyone else. The relentless anonymity of urban life spurred dreams of its opposite: of being a somebody rather than a nobody, of being the object of public attention rather than its subject. Drama gave life to this fantasy. Presented by strangers and to strangers, early modern plays codified different styles of talk as different forms of public sociability. Then, as now, to speak of style was to speak of a fantasy of public address. Offering fresh insight for scholars of literature and drama, Matthew Hunter reveals how this fantasy – which still holds us in its thrall – played out on the early modern stage.
The Deepening Politics of Fragmentation in Uganda: Understanding Violence in the Rwenzori Region
Authors: Khisa Moses , Rwengabo Sabastian
Published: August 2022

In November 2016, Uganda’s armed forces raided the Rwenzururu kingdom palace in Kasese Municipality, arresting and detaining the king and other kingdom officials on treason and other charges. This was the climax to a puzzling wave of violence that was then unfolding in the Rwenzori Region. We consider this violence an unintended consequence of the deepening politics of fragmentation, which takes two forms: “kingdomization” and “districtization.” Through fragmentation, Uganda’s ruling elites seek to weaken subnational concentrations of power, resources, and legitimacy wielded by otherwise coalesced, potentially strong, subnational authority structures and sociopolitical groups. Fragmentation fractures preexisting intra-regional unity, generates new conflicts, and reopens old wounds, leading to violent encounters at the sub-national level, between regional sub-groups, and with the central state. This unfolding of violent encounters involving both state and non-state actors has important ramifications for managing national security within socially fragile contexts and a politically fragmented polity.
Assessment of clinical continuity strategies offered by dual-degree training programs in the USA
Authors: Spellicy Samantha E. , Mannon Elinor C. , Iness Audra N. , Erickson Hanna L. , Camacho Mariam B. , Banerjee Abhik , Liu Jillian , Adami Alex , Weintraub Neal L.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Integration of clinical skills during graduate training in dual-degree programs remains a challenge. The present study investigated the availability and self-perceived efficacy of clinical continuity strategies for dual-degree trainees preparing for clinical training.

Methods:

Survey participants were MD/DO-PhD students enrolled in dual-degree-granting institutions in the USA. The response rate was 95% of 73 unique institutions surveyed, representing 56% of the 124 MD-PhD and 7 DO-PhD recognized training programs. Respondents were asked to indicate the availability and self-perceived efficacy of each strategy.

Results:

Reported available clinical continuity strategies included clinical volunteering (95.6%), medical grand rounds (86.9%), mentored clinical experiences (84.2%), standardized patients/ practice Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) (70.3%), clinical case reviews (45.9%), clinical journal clubs (38.3%), and preclinical courses/review sessions (37.2%). Trainees rated standardized patients (µ = 6.98 ± 0.356), mentored clinical experiences (µ = 6.94 ± 0.301), clinical skills review sessions (µ = 6.89 ± 0.384), preclinical courses/review sessions (µ = 6.74 ± 0.482), and clinical volunteering (µ = 6.60 ± 0.369), significantly (p < 0.050) higher than clinical case review (µ = 5.34 ± 0.412), clinical journal club (µ = 4.75 ± 0.498), and medicine grand rounds (µ = 4.45 ± 0.377). Further, 84.4% of respondents stated they would be willing to devote at least 0.5–1 hour per week to clinical continuity opportunities during graduate training.

Conclusion:

Less than half of the institutions surveyed offered strategies perceived as the most efficacious in preparing trainees for clinical reentry, such as clinical skills review sessions. Broader implementation of these strategies could help better prepare dual-degree students for their return to clinical training.
The Actual Status of Hospitals as COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics in China and Safety Monitoring of Inactivated Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Mei-quan , Huang Mei-zheng , Lin Gao-min
Published: August 2022

Background:

The outbreak has had a devastating impact, and efforts are underway to speed up vaccination. The study’s objective was to describe the clinical characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination clinic in the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province, China. Meanwhile, we monitored all the vaccine recipients to evaluate adverse reactions.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done at the COVID-19 Vaccination Clinic, the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province, China. We systematically collected Clinical data from the COVID-19 vaccination clinic between March 11 and November 11, 2021, including the type of vaccine, number of doses, gender, age, educational level, occupational category, adverse reactions, etc. Investigators will contact vaccine recipients by means of phone call or WeChat message to record the negative responses. Last, this report covers data through 8 mo, so it will be better to Evaluate the Safety of 2 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines from China (BBIBP-CorV [Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China] and CoronaVac [Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China]).

Results:

The results indicated that the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province received a total of 64,602 COVID-19 vaccines from March 11 to November 11, 2021, including 34,331 (53.14%) first doses, 29,245 (45.27%) second doses, and 1026 (1.59%) third doses. This study found the highest proportion in other personnel (38.69% at the first dose, 38.75% at the second dose, and 2.44% at the third dose), who were mainly retirees. People with higher levels of education are more likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 during the early stages of vaccine rollout. In terms of age stratification, the highest proportion was found among people aged 18-49 (BBIBP-CorV: first dose 61%, second dose 62.6%, and third dose 76.8%; CoronaVac: first dose 66.1%, double dose 63.6%, and third dose 75.5%), followed by those over 60. The common adverse reactions were mainly local and systemic, and there were some differences between the 2 inactivated vaccines (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This is the first study to analyze the actual status of hospitals as COVID-19 vaccination clinics in China. The hospital has focused on vaccinating citizens and the initial rollout of vaccines to ensure any safety issues are identified. More citizens are willing to vaccinate in hospitals because of the uncertain safety of the available vaccines and adverse reactions. The good news is that vaccine-related severe adverse events have not been found in the hospital vaccination clinic. The Safety of BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac is relatively high.
Deconstructing corporate activism: a consumer approach
Authors: Villagra Nuria , Sanchez Joaquin , Clemente Jorge , Pintado Teresa
Published: August 2022

Defending social and political positions other than those that a company's clients might support has always been an avoidable risk. However, this practice, called ‘corporate activism,’ has gradually been integrated into the strategies of organizations. The object of this work is thus to understand the antecedents of corporate activism from the consumer's point of view. To understand this, we carry out structural equation modeling (SEM) based on a sample of 1,521 consumers. The results demonstrate that: (i) institutional credibility, corporate credibility, and authenticity act as antecedents of corporate activism; (ii) corporate credibility has a positive influence on corporate activism, while institutional credibility has a negative impact. These findings represent an interesting and novel contribution that helps to understand how these types of high-risk strategies should be adopted. The application of these results could enable companies to determine the conditions that favor a positive evaluation of corporative activism by consumers and avoid the use of such strategies in less favorable situations.
Determinants of nutritional status among old age population in eastern Ethiopia: a general linear model approach
Authors: Derbie Liyu , Oumer Abdu , Ayele Ketema , Berhane Anteneh
Published: August 2022

As the world's aging population grows, nutrition and health issues are becoming a major concern. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with nutritional status among old age population. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 739 elders over the age of 60 in Dire Dawa City administration, eastern Ethiopia. The validated full mini nutritional assessment tool and appetite test (SNAQ) was used to assess the nutritional status of the study population. Considering the ranked nature of the data, a bivariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression model (under the generalised linear model) was conducted, with crude and adjusted odds ratios reported along with 95 % confidence intervals. Statistically significant associations are declared at P-value less than 0⋅05. In this study, 22 % (95 % CI: 19 %, 25 %) of elders were malnourished. Participants with >75 years old (AOR 4⋅95; 95 % CI 1⋅54, 8⋅4), being female (AOR 1⋅6; 95 % CI 1⋅1, 2⋅2), illiterate (AOR 1⋅5; 95 % CI 1⋅01, 2⋅2), severe depression (AOR 13⋅9; 95 % CI 8⋅2, 23⋅7) and with poor appetite (AOR 3⋅3; 95 % CI 2⋅3, 4⋅8) were important predictors of malnutrition among older age group. We found that the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition is a public health concern that warrants intervention in the area. Advanced age, illiteracy, depression and poor appetite were important risk factors for malnutrition among older age group. The identified risk factors will guide public health professionals and programmes in the design, implementation of interventions to improve the nutritional status of older age group.
“Victims of Democracy” or “Enemies at the Gates”? Russian Discourses on the European “Refugee Crisis”
Authors: Moen-Larsen Natalia
Published: August 2022

With over one million people arriving in Europe as refugees, the UN Refugee Agency declared 2015 “the year of Europe’s refugee crisis.” This article explores the meaning-making process surrounding the “refugee crisis” in a Russian context, using discourse theory to analyze representations of refugees, Russia, and the West in opinion pieces and interview articles in three major Russian newspapers. In addition to the humanitarian and security discourses presented in existing studies, I identify a geopolitical discourse that represents refugees as victims of interventionism and democratization processes that the West has promoted in the Middle East and North Africa. More generally, this study adds to the literature on discursive construction of identity and difference.
Anti-Immigration Attitudes in Contemporary Polish Society: A Story of Double Standards?
Authors: Thérová Lenka
Published: August 2022

From 2015 up until the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Polish citizens have undergone a major decline in their willingness to allow foreigners to reside in Poland. The following text empirically investigates whether antipathy to newcomers is driven more by cultural or economic concerns, and what role the ethnicity of immigrants plays in this antagonism. The findings suggest that the ethnicity of immigrants is significant in both the salience of the expressed hostility and in the importance given to individual factors. When considering the acceptance of immigrants of different ethnicity, Poles are most concerned about preserving their national culture, whereas worries about the burden on the national economy are uppermost when considering ethnically similar newcomers. Antipathy against ethnically similar immigrants is also much weaker than against those of different ethnicity. The over-time comparison tells us that support for the government, religiosity, and opposition to universalism values became the most important predictors of restrictionism after 2015. We assume that the increase in anti-immigration attitudes was not that much caused by the unprecedented wave of immigration, but rather by the rule of the nationalist-conservative government which politicized the issue of non-European migration and contributed to the change of public discourse.
Constructing a New Measure of Macropartisanship Disaggregated by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Dyck Joshua J. , Johnson Gregg B.
Published: August 2022

Macropartisanship is a measure of aggregate trends in party identification in the mass public that allows researchers to track partisanship dynamically. In previous research, macropartisanship was found to vary in concert with major political events and forces like presidential approval and the economy. However, studying macropartisanship as an aggregate trend assumes that group dynamics within the measure are equivalent. We present a series of new measures of macropartisanship using Stimson’s (2018) dyad ratio approach disaggregated by race and ethnicity. We detail the creation of measures for White, Latino, and Black macropartisanship from 1983 to 2016 using more than 500 surveys from CBS News and CBS/New York Times. The resulting data collection is publicly available and can be downloaded in monthly, quarterly, or yearly format. Our initial analysis of these data show that thinking about macropartisanship as a single aggregate measure masks important and significant variation in our understanding of party identification. Change in the measures are uncorrelated. Latino macropartisanship is more volatile and responds more to economic conditions, Black macropartisanship is very stable and has become more Democratic in response to increased polarization, while White macropartisanship has become less responsive to economic conditions as has become more Republican as Republicans have moved to the right.
Lifetime and point prevalence of psychotic symptoms in adults with bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aminoff S. R. , Onyeka I. N. , Ødegaard M. , Simonsen C. , Lagerberg T. V. , Andreassen O. A. , Romm K. L. , Melle I.
Published: August 2022

Psychotic symptoms, that we defined as delusions or hallucinations, are common in bipolar disorders (BD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise the literature on both lifetime and point prevalence rates of psychotic symptoms across different BD subtypes, including both BD type I (BDI) and BD type II (BDII). We performed a systematic search of Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library until 5 August 2021. Fifty-four studies (N= 23 461) of adults with BD met the predefined inclusion criteria for evaluating lifetime prevalence, and 24 studies (N= 6480) for evaluating point prevalence. Quality assessment and assessment of publication bias were performed. Prevalence rates were calculated using random effects meta-analysis, here expressed as percentages with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In studies of at least moderate quality, the pooled lifetime prevalence of psychotic symptoms in BDI was 63% (95% CI 57.5–68) and 22% (95% CI 14–33) in BDII. For BDI inpatients, the pooled lifetime prevalence was 71% (95% CI 61–79). There were no studies of community samples or inpatient BDII. The pooled point prevalence of psychotic symptoms in BDI was 54% (95 CI 41–67). The point prevalence was 57% (95% CI 47–66) in manic episodes and 13% (95% CI 7–23.5) in depressive episodes. There were not enough studies in BDII, BDI depression, mixed episodes and outpatient BDI. The pooled prevalence of psychotic symptoms in BDI may be higher than previously reported. More studies are needed for depressive and mixed episodes and community samples.

Prospero registration number: CRD 42017052706.
American Political Development in Dark Times
Authors: Peck Justin
Published: August 2022

This short article assesses the current “state of the field” in light of recent political events. I argue that the focus of American political development (APD) on both time and institutional conflict makes it a valuable approach for theorizing about the trajectory of American politics.
The U.S. Supreme Court Is Not a Dahlian Court
Authors: Baumgardner Paul , TerBeek Calvin
Published: August 2022

Robert Dahl's “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker” has long enjoyed pride of place within American politics scholarship, especially among regime theorists. However, Dahl's views of the U.S. Supreme Court are no longer defensible. It is essential for our field to move beyond “Decision-Making in a Democracy” in order to better theorize and explain the modern Supreme Court.
Workplace Factors Associated with Employment of Refugees – Evidence from a Survey Among Danish Employers
Authors: Ravn Rasmus Lind
Published: August 2022

Labour market participation by refugees in their new host country is crucial both to the integration process and in terms of reducing public spending on income replacement benefits for refugees. In this article, we explore workplace factors associated with employment of refugees. For this purpose, we use a survey of Danish employers, in light of the fact that with some notable exceptions, the employer role has been somewhat neglected in existing research on labour market integration of refugees. We find that many different workplace factors are associated with employment of refugees. In addition to objective workplace characteristics, existing social responsibility practice, contacts by public employment services and the attitudes and preconceptions of employers towards refugees are of importance.