bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Morphology of Tamarix spp in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-González Rosario E. , Sánchez-Castillo Marisol , Iñiguez-Monroy César G. , Soto-Ortíz Roberto , Rueda Puente Edgar O. , Brigido-Morales Juan G.
Published: January 2025

Objective: The predominant species of Tamarix spp in the Mexicali Valley is unknown, and due to the scarce information available, this study aims to expand the knowledge of the morphology of Tamarix spp in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: For this research, five branches with inflorescences and roots of Tamarix spp trees were collected from four selected locations in the Mexicali Valley. The collection was carried out during the flowering season from March to August, considering branches between 2.50 and 3.50 cm in height. The morphological descriptions were based on fresh plants using an Olympia optical microscope.
Results: After the morphological analysis was carried out at the different sampling sites, the predominant salt cedar genotype found in the Mexicali Valley corresponded to Tamarix chinensis. In addition, it was found high electrical conductivity measured in the upper soil layer (20 cm depth) was found to be caused by the excretion of salts through the glands of the leaves of this species. Consequently, salt cedar species can inhibit other vegetation types, although it can benefit honey bee production.
Findings/conclusions: Tamarix chinensis was the predominant salt cedar species throughout the sampling sites under the conditions of this study.The high electrical conductivity measured in the upper soil layer (20 cm depth) shows that salt cedar species can inhibit the growth of other  vegetation types, although it can be beneficial for honey bee production.
Variabilidade Comportamental Operante e o Esquema de Reforçamento Lag-N
Authors:   Universidade Ibirapuera, Barba Lourenço de Souza
Published: January 2025

Pesquisadores afi rmam que a variabilidade constitui uma dimensão operante do comportamento. O estudo presente analisou a consistência dessa posição, adotando um conceito de operante que distingue classes des-critivas e classes funcionais. O reforçamento diferencial modela operantes modifi cando a correlação entre as duas classes. A variação positiva da correlação representa o processo de diferenciação. As classes descritivas são defi nidas sobre parâmetros do comportamento. Defi nido um parâmetro, pode-se defi nir um parâmetro secundário, o tempo de recorrência (TR), que mede recência. Os esquemas Lag–N defi nem classes sobre o parâmetro TR. Muitos estudos sobre variabilidade operante empregaram esquemas Lag–N e reforçaram diferencialmente a emissão de diferentes sequências de respostas. Esses estudos adotaram como principal variável dependente um índice (U), que mede previsibilidade de eventos. Eram registradas as frequências em que era emitida cada uma das diferentes sequências. O índice U refl etia a uniformidade da distribuição dessas frequências. Como o esquema Lag–N não defi ne sua classe descritiva sobre U, não se pode medir a variação da correlação sobre esse índice. A variação de U não representa, portanto, o processo de diferen-ciação que os esquemas Lag-N promovem. Essa circunstância traz difi culdades à tese de que a variabilidade é uma dimensão operante do comportamento.
Tolman et le Conditionnement Pavlovien
Authors:   Université Lille Nord de France, Bouchekioua Youcef , Molet Mikaël ,   Université Lille Nord de France, Craddock Paul ,   Université Lille Nord de France
Published: January 2025

Dans un article de 1933 intitulé Sign-gestalt or conditioned refl ex ? Tolman défend l’idée que l’apprentissage spatial est hors de la portée explicative du conditionnement pavlovien. En effet, il soutient que les résultats d’une expérience qu’il a réalisé avec Honzik en 1930 sont inabordables en termes pavloviens, malgré la compatibilité d’une telle explication avec les résultats d’une expérience qu’il a mené en 1932. Nous pensons que Tolman a trop hâtivement conclu que l’apprentissage spatial en labyrinthe est hors de la portée explica-tive du conditionnement pavlovien. L’objectif est de montrer que les résultats de Tolman sont envisageables avec le conditionnement pavlovien de la réponse d’approche des stimulus associés au stimulus incondition-né par le biais : (1) de l’occasion setting pour l’expérience de Tolman (1932) et (2) du préconditionnement sensoriel pour l’expérience de Tolman et Honzik (1930).
As extensões do tacto segundo a concepção skinneriana de propriedade de estímulo
Authors:   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Ferreira Paulo Roberto dos Santos , Domeniconi Camila ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, de Rose Júlio César Coelho ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Published: January 2025

Em Verbal Behavior, B. F. Skinner apresenta uma interpretação a respeito das extensões do operante verbal tacto. Incluída em sua interpretação está uma categorização das extensões do tacto: genérica, metafórica, metonímica, solecista, nomeação e adivinhação. No entanto, o modo como tais categorias derivam-se de classes verbais estabelecidas não está devidamente esclarecido em sua obra. Também não estão defi nidas as regras que são consideradas pelo autor ao realizar a classifi cação dos tipos de extensões. Procurando explicitar, com base estritamente na interpretação skinneriana, o (1) mecanismo de extensões do tacto, e a (2) lógica envolvida na sua categorização, buscou-se, no Verbal Behavior e em textos prévios do autor, informações que permitissem elucidar esses importantes aspectos de sua interpretação. Destacou-se, no curso da investigação, a importância da noção de propriedade de estímulo na interpretação skinneriana das extensões do tacto como uma noção fundamental na explicitação do mecanismo comportamental envolvido nas extensões, ou mesmo subsidiando a categorização dos diferentes tipos apresentados pelo autor. A partir disso, enumerou-se, em ordem decrescente de probabilidade de emissão, as extensões do tacto: extensão genérica, extensão metafórica, extensão metonímica, solecismo e adivinhação.
Formação de classes funcionais em cães domésticos(Canis familiaris): uma abordagem da aquisição de comportamento pré-simbólico
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Dahás Liane Jorge de Souza , Brasiliense Izabel Cristina da Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Pará, Barros Romariz da Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Pará, Costa Thiago Dias ,   Universidade Federal do Pará, Souza Carlos Barbosa Alves de ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: January 2025

O presente estudo investigou a possibilidade de ensinar dois cães domésticos (Canis familiaris) a respon-derem adequadamente a duas classes de três estímulos (caixas contendo pedaços de alimento quando com função positiva) através de um procedimento de mudanças sucessivas de discriminação simples (MSDS). A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma sala na qual duas, quatro ou seis caixas de madeira eram dispostas lado a lado, em posições fi xas. Inicialmente, os sujeitos responderam a dois estímulos por sessão (um positivo [S+] e outro negativo[S-]). Posteriormente quatro das seis caixas eram apresentadas, duas com função S+ e outras duas com função S-. Na fase seguinte, foi realizado um treino de MSDS com as quatro caixas. Em seguida os sujeitos foram expostos a um treino de MSDS com as seis caixas. Foram realizados sete testes. Cada um deles consistia em (1) uma sessão de mudança de função de estímulo com quatro caixas, e então (2) eram re-inseridas as duas caixas restantes na sala experimental. Um sujeito respondeu adequadamente a três desses sete testes e o outro a quatro deles. Discutem-se os efeitos da ênfase na modalidade visual de discriminação e o uso de posições fi xas das caixas sobre o desempenho dos sujeitos.
The Influence of Learning Motivation, Learning Discipline, and Family Environment on Students' Academic Performance
Authors: Sari Mila , Altin Darus , Wibawa Dian Prihardini
Published: January 2025

This study is driven by the issue of suboptimal student academic performance, primarily due to students' limited ability to comprehend lessons effectively. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the influence of learning motivation, learning discipline, and the family environment on students' academic performance at State Junior High School 10 Pangkalpinang. This research is classified as descriptive research and utilizes a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 184 respondents selected through the census sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis method. The results indicate that learning motivation, learning discipline, and the family environment each have a positive and significant effect on the academic performance of students at State Junior High School 10 Pangkalpinang. Furthermore, the simultaneous test results demonstrate that learning motivation, learning discipline, and the family environment collectively have a positive and significant impact on students' academic performance.
Вторая коллекция Серая Марковича Шапшала
Authors: Бабаджан Александр
Published: January 2025

Данная статья освещает историю формирования второй коллекции С. М. Шапшала, создание на ее основе Караимского историко-этнографического музея в г. Тракай, его работу и закрытие, и показана дальнейшая история предметов этой коллекции. Для этого использованы документы, хранящиеся в архиве фонда С. М. Шапшала, которые находятся в библиотеке АН Литвы им. Врублевских и документы Министерства по вопросам религии и общественного просвещения (МВР и ОП) Польши из Архива новых актов в Варшаве (AAN MWRiOP).
Peculiarities of the Karaim Translation of the Bible
Authors: Kefeli Abraham
Published: January 2025

This work is the first attempt to explore the differences in Bible translation among the three Abrahamic faiths: Karaim, Rabbinic, and Christian. While existing studies on Karaim Bible translation focus primarily on linguistic aspects, they often overlook the contextual elements. It is intriguing to examine the nuances rooted in Karaim commentaries on the Bible, whether published in Leshon Kodesh or preserved in manuscripts.
London in John Sherman: Irish-English Dualism in Early Yeats
Authors: Dutta Ashim
Published: January 2025

W. B. Yeats is mostly known as a poet and a playwright with works spanning from the 1880s to the 1930s. But little attention has been paid to his narrative writing. His only completed novel John Sherman (1891) offers a rather simplistic treatment of the binary between Ireland and England represented by the attitudes of its titular character towards his native Irish town Ballah and the imperial metropolis of London. Despite containing some intriguing autobiographical elements, the novel belies the complex formation of its author’s identity in the late 1880s and the early 1890s, when it was composed and published. By reading the novel in the light of his letters and autobiographical reflections, this essay will highlight the similarities and dissonances between Sherman’s and young Yeats’s attitudes towards London and Englishness. It will demonstrate that, although Yeats chose a rather straightforward nationalist narrative for the novella, he personally took a more ambivalent and nuanced approach to the Irish-English dichotomy, which reveals his personal, familial, and class anxieties. This essay challenges any easy and unambiguous self-other categorization in considering Yeats’s attitude towards London, which is complicated by his reservations about both nationalism and cosmopolitanism.
Spectrum, Volume 18, June 2023: 22-30
The Traumatic Foundation of Queer Identity in Pajtim Statovci’s Crossing
Authors: Kaiissar Jahin
Published: January 2025

Since trauma engenders instabilities, it has the potential to queer one’s identity. If there is no singular definition of queer —  a term that has taken multiple iterations since its emergence in the literary landscape —  then there is perhaps no consensus on how queer identity is fostered and formed. In recent literature, queerness is often positioned as an “other”, damaged identity that results from trauma rather than one that is the result of a natural, inevitable process or a positive, individual choice. Pajtim Statovci’s Crossing (2019) suggests that traumatic experiences might have an impact on one’s queer-identity formation. In the novel, what the protagonist, Bujar, imbibes from various traumatic experiences becomes indelibly a part of his queer identity. Bujar’s queer consciousness proceeds from trauma and tragedy. By relying on different facets of queer theory and trauma theory, this paper traces the influence of Bujar’s traumatic experiences on his identity and contends that trauma has the potential to denaturalize and queer one’s identity.
Spectrum, Volume 18, June 2023: 69-79
Pemanfaatan Senyawa Hepatoprotektif dalam Ekstrak Lumut Hati (Marchantia polymorpha) Sebagai Obat Hepatitis Berdasarkan Penurunan SGOT SGPT
Authors: Deanoval Alfito , Suharti Peni , Salsabillah Adilla Wahyuni , Prastyo Muhammad Rendi , Mufidah Melli , Qoimah Siti Nur
Published: January 2025

Bryophyta plants contain secondary metabolite compounds that can have potential as drugs, such as liverwort (Marchantia polymoprha) which contains secondary metabolite compounds that have hepatoprotective properties against liver damage that have the potential as hepatitis drugs. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of liverwort extract administration in treating hepatitis. This study used an experimental approach, with a postest only control group design, 16 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were grouped into 4 treatments with dose variations of 200 mg / kgBB, 300 mg / kgBB, 400 mg / kgBB, 500 mg / kgBB. Experimental animals were induced with 30% alcohol for 10 days to be exposed to hepatitis, and given treatment for 14 days. Data were analyzed by One Way Anova test, with a significance of 0.05, normally distributed data with a significance of SGOT 0.20 and SGPT 0.81. The results of data analysis showed that the concentration of 500 mg/kgBB extract dose had the strongest effect in reducing SGOT and SGPT enzymes.
Etnobotani Tumbuhan Liar Sebagai Alternatif Pangan oleh Masyarakat Dayak Pesaguan Desa Serengkah Kanan Kabupaten Ketapang
Authors: Anjeliana Anjeliana , Syamswisna Syamswisna , Yeni Laili Fitri
Published: January 2025

Pesaguan Dayak people in Serengkah Kanan village, Ketapang Regency utilize wild plants as an alternative food.. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of wild plants used as food alternatives by the Dayak Pesaguan community in Serengkah Kanan Village, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Research using qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected by interviewing informants, making observations, and documentation. Plants used as food alternatives are identified to know their scientific names. Wild plants used as an alternative food by the Dayak Pesaguan community in Serengkah Kanan Village, Ketapang Regency are 37 species consisting of 23 families, namely Anacardiaceae, Arecaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Sapindaceae, Asteraceae, Achariaceae, Barseraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Olacaceae, Aracecae, Musaceae, Polypodiaceae, Talinaceae, Piperaceae, Araliaceae, Zingiberaceae, dilleniaceae, and menispermaceae. Leaves of the plant Pycnarrhena cauliflower D. and Premna corymbosa R. are used by the Dayak Pesaguan Tribe as an ingredient in food because they give a taste like micin and a distinctive aroma. The plant parts used are leaves, tubers, seeds, and fruits. The way of processing is sliced/cut into small pieces, inserted directly into food, mashed, boiled, sauteed, soaked in water before consumption, and some can be consumed directly.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik melalui Model Problem Based Learning Berbasis Powtoon pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan
Authors: Filza Inne Aqmarina , Ningsih Kurnia , Yuniarti Anisyah , Titin Titin , Wahyuni Eko Sri
Published: January 2025

Educators utilise learning models and media to improve students’ understanding of the material. This study aims to enhance students’ learning process and learning outcomes by using the Powtoon-based Problem Based Learning paradigm on respiratory system information. This research is a Classroom Action Research with a two-cycle design. Each learning cycle includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were students of SMP Negeri 12 Sungai Raya class VIII B in the 2023/2024 school year, with a sample size of 29 people. The instruments of this study were observation sheets and learning outcome tests. The purpose of the test sheet is to measure students’ understanding of the material discussed in class, while the observation sheet sees how well the learning objectives are achieved. The data collection strategies used in this study were tests, observations, and documentation. The results of the learning implementation process were obtained at 92.26% in cycle I and 95.64% in cycle II. Student learning outcomes increased by 86.20% in cycle II from 77.59% in cycle I. Therefore, it can be concluded that learning using the Powtoon-based Problem Based Learning model can improve the learning implementation process and student learning outcomes on respiratory system material.
Tinjauan Etnozoologi Terkait Larangan Penyembelihan Sapi (Bos taurus) di Kudus Menurut Filosofi Ajaran Sunan Kudus
Authors: Adillah Dzuhrotin , Banati Olivia , Fashihah Anna Bariroh , Nada Shofwatun
Published: January 2025

The study of ethnozoology is closely related to local culture and knowledge and their interaction with the surrounding environment. Islam was brought to Kudus by Ja'far Shadiq, known as Sunan Kudus, using a unique da'wah strategy, namely, the fatwa on the prohibition of cow slaughter for the people of Kudus. The social tradition of the community regarding the prohibition of slaughtering cattle, makes the Kudus area more likely to consume buffalo meat than beef. The purpose of this research is to find out the ethnozoological perspective related to the prohibition of cattle slaughter (Bos taurus) according to the philosophy of the teachings of Sunan Kudus in socio-cultural and economic life. The research method used is qualitative field research with qualitative description analysis techniques. Data collection was conducted through observation, literature review and interview results related to general knowledge of customary, cultural and ethnozoological aspects in depth with informants. The data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively by making transcripts of the interview results which were written carefully taking and recording important information with the research context. The research was conducted in several areas of Kudus, including Kirig Village, Ngembalrejo Village, and Dawe District. Based on the results of the research, the fatwa on the prohibition of slaughtering cows in Kudus has been believed by the community from the past until now, but the results show that there are still some Kudus people who slaughter cows, one of which is the Muhammadiyah Islamic group, besides that, the Kudus community utilizes buffaloes as a function of cows, all of which go back to their respective beliefs because there are still many cattle breeders found to be traded.
The Correlation Between Age, Comorbidities, and Vaccination With The Mortality Rate of Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Muin Abdul , Menap Menap
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to determine the primary factors that contribute to the mortality rate of COVID-19 in Indonesia, with a specific focus on age, comorbidities, and vaccination status. A retrospective analysis was performed utilizing patient data obtained from the West Lombok Health Office in the year 2020. The findings indicated that individuals aged 59 years or older had a considerably higher risk of mortality, with an odds ratio of 0.065 (95% confidence interval: 0.014 - 0.305). Comorbidities, specifically hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were found to be substantial risk factors. The odds ratio for hypertension was 63.64 (95% CI: 1.232 - 30.608), while the odds ratio for diabetes mellitus was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.593 - 2.512). The study revealed that being vaccinated considerably decreased the likelihood of death, with an odds ratio of 0.071 (95% CI: 0.015 - 0.334). Nevertheless, engaging in self-isolation was found to greatly elevate the likelihood of mortality, as indicated by an odds ratio of 195.429 (95% confidence interval: 22.894 - 1668.196). The Chi-Square test revealed a statistically significant association between vaccination status and COVID-19 mortality, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the type of isolation had a very significant and large effect on COVID-19 mortality. The odds ratio (Exp(B)) was 96.604, showing a strong association between the type of isolation and the mortality rate. The p-value was 0.000, further confirming the statistical significance of this relationship. Therefore, the type of isolation plays a critical role in determining the death rate of COVID-19 patients. These findings emphasize the significance of immunization programs and efficient isolation measures in decreasing COVID-19 mortality. In summary, this study offers significant information that can be used to develop more focused health policies in Indonesia. It emphasizes the crucial importance of vaccination and isolation measures in effectively managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaining insight into these factors can assist in customizing health treatments to mitigate risks and enhance clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients in Indonesia
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Perawat Tentang Standar Asuhan Keperawatan dengan Kelengkapan Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan di Puskesmas Korleko
Authors: Hartini Hartini , Menap Menap , Taufandas Maruli
Published: January 2025

Nurses’ knowledge of nursing care standards is crucial to ensure the completeness of nursing care documentation. Complete and accurate documentation is an indicator of the quality of nursing services and patient safety. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the level of nurses' knowledge about nursing care standards and the completeness of nursing care documentation at Puskesmas Korleko. This study uses an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of the study consisted of 33 nurses working at Puskesmas Korleko. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge and a checklist to assess the completeness of documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman Rank correlation test to determine the relationship between variables. The results of the study showed that (1) 97% of nurses had good knowledge of nursing care standards, and 91% of them had very complete documentation; (2) a significant relationship between the level of nurses' knowledge and the completeness of documentation (correlation coefficient: -0.559, p-value: 0.001).
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Producing Antibiotic Compounds from The Rhizosphere of Avicennia Marina Against Pathogenic Bacteria in The Mangrove Ecosystem Area of West Kalimantan
Authors: Khairillah Yuyun Nisaul , Alang Hasria , Haryanto Haryanto , Fitriagustiani Fitriagustiani , Erwhani Indri , Purnamawati Ditha Astuti , Rahmawati Annisa , Surtikanti Surtikanti , Triwahyuni Adelia
Published: January 2025

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem in the health sector. The level of antibiotic resistance that occurs can be caused by several influencing factors, including 6 isolates of rhizosphere bacteria that were successfully isolated from the rhizosphere of the Avicenia marina plant. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the best minimum inhibitory concentration of rhizosphere bacteria of the A. marina plant and its effectiveness in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria S. aureus. This study is a quantitative research method using the isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria, antagonistic test of rhizosphere bacteria and test of the results of the extraction of filtrate of rhizosphere bacteria culture of A. marina plants. The results of this study were (1) five of the isolates of bacteria that were successfully isolated were included in the Bacilus type and 1 isolate of bacteria included in the Cocobasil type; (2) there were 3 of the 6 isolates that could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria S. aureus with an inhibition range of 10.04-4.42 mm; (3) Rhizosphere bacterial isolate (TN 1) is an isolate with the best inhibition diameter and is categorized as strong, namely 10.04 mm; (4) ethyl acetate extract of Rhizosphere bacterial isolate culture filtrate (TN 1), has a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.50% against pathogenic bacteria S.aureus with an inhibition diameter of 7.18 mm which is better when compared to the positive control using chloramphenicol.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik Interaktif Berbasis Discovery Learning Pada Materi Sistem Sirkulasi Fase F SMA/MA
Authors: Kurniawati Dwi Indah , Nerita Siska , Maizeli Annika
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) elektronik interaktif berbasis discovery learning pada materi sistem sirkulasi untuk siswa Fase F SMA/MA yang valid dan praktis, guna memperbaiki kekurangan dalam LKPD cetak dan memanfaatkan media pembelajaran elektronik. Studi ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model 4D, yang mencakup empat tahap yaitu define (pendefinisian), design (perancangan), develop (pengembangan), dan disseminate (penyebaran). Pada penelitian ini, tahap penyebaran tidak dilakukan. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari angket validitas digunakan untuk uji validitas yang dilakukan oleh tiga dosen, sedangkan uji praktikalitas dilakukan oleh 1 guru biologi dan 35 siswa di SMAN 16 Padang. Analisis dapat menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) data uji validitas oleh dosen memiliki nilai sebesar 83,15% (sangat valid), (2) data uji praktikalitas oleh guru memperoleh nilai sebesar 81,33% (sangat praktis), (3) data uji praktikalitas oleh peserta didik menghasilkan nilai 89,11% (sangat praktis). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa lembar kerja peserta didik elektronik interaktif berbasis discovery learning pada materi sistem sirkulasi untuk Fase F SMA/MA dinilai valid dan praktis.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Streptococcus mutans Pada Sediaan Obat Kumur Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens) dan Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava)
Authors: Yardha Muahamad , Halimatushadyah Ernie , Yuliana Agnes
Published: January 2025

Dental caries is a disease of hard tissue caused by the activity of acid-producing bacteria that ferment carbohydrates after human consumption caused by the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The flavonoid content in celery leaves and the tannin content in guava leaves can be used as an antibacterial treatment. Pharmaceutical preparations that can be used to treat dental caries problems are mouthwash. This research aims to formulate a combination of celery leaf and guava leaf extracts into a mouthwash preparation as an antibacterial against Streptococcus mutans. The research method used was experimental by testing the antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. The results of the study showed that (1) the results of the antibacterial activity test on the negative control mouthwash were that the mouthwash base had no inhibition zone (2) the positive control chlorhexidine had an inhibition zone of 14.27mm (3) with a comparison between celery leaf extract and guava leaf extract 1:3 seeds, the results obtained were that the diameter of the inhibition zone at 20% concentration was 10.20 mm, 40% concentration was 11.20 mm, and 60% concentration was 12.05 mm; (4) The inhibitory power against Streptococcus mutans bacteria of the mouthwash containing a combination of celery leaf extract and guava leaf extract is greater than the inhibitory power of the positive control.
Analisis Kemampuan Kognitif dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Peserta Didik SMA Pada Materi Biodiversitas di Pedesaan dan Perkotaan Aceh
Authors: Sulaiman Nanda Fahira , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Manurung Binari
Published: January 2025

Cognitive abilities and science process skills are important in learning Biology. Biology learning is related to nature so that the region can be a source of learning. Rural and urban areas have different natural conditions, so it is necessary to analyze the cognitive and science process skills of high school students. The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive abilities and science process skills of high school students in rural and urban areas of Aceh Province. This study is a quantitative descriptive research. The sample in this study was one class from each high school grade X which was determined by purposive sampling technique. The research instruments consisted of cognitive ability tests and science process skills tests. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that there were differences in cognitive abilities and science process skills of high school students in rural and urban Aceh. The use of technology as a learning medium can help students in accessing sources of biodiversity information outside their environment.
Pengaruh IAA dan Urutan Daun Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tunas Tanaman Anggrek Cattleya sp.
Authors: Lubis Anita Agustina , Harahap Fauziyah
Published: January 2025

Orchids are ornamental plants that have high aesthetic value and beauty. Many human activities use this plant, including weddings, Christmas, New Year and birthdays. Orchid propagation can be done conventionally, but it requires a large area of land and takes a long time to grow. However, it can also be multiplied using tissue culture. Plant tissue culture techniques have better prospects than conventional propagation because tissue culture can produce large numbers of new plants without being influenced by time or season. This research aims to determine the effect of IAA and leaf order on shoot growth of Cattleya sp orchid plants. This type of research is experimental research with a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications. There are 2 factors in this study, namely factor I PGR IAA (0, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l, and 1.5 mg/l) and factor II Leaf order (1st leaf, 2nd leaf, and 3rd leaf). This research is a quantitative descriptive study with the parameters of the time of shoot emergence and using 2-way Statistics with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the parameters of number of shoots, number of leaves (strands), and plantlet height. From the research results, it was found that the administration of IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) and the order of the leaves did not have a real effect on the number of shoots, number of leaves (strands) and plantlet height. However, the best treatment is the I0.5D2 treatment (IAA 0.5 mg/l and 2nd leaf).
Aktivitas Afrodisiak in Vivo Ekstrak Etanol 70% Akar Lelak (Uvaria rufa Blume.) Pada Mencit (Mus musculus) Jantan
Authors: Taek Maximus M. , Muslikh Faisal Akhmal , Maulina Novia , Sawjana Oashiva H. , Azzahra Azizah , Aszari Efendi H. , Prameswari Fadila A. , Ma’arif Burhan
Published: January 2025

Sexual arousal is an important aspect to achieve a harmonious sex life, but often disorders in normal sexual function disrupt the harmony of household relationships. One alternative natural ingredient that has the potential as an aphrodisiac agent is Lelak (Uvaria rufa) which is traditionally used by the people of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, to overcome sexual dysfunction in men. This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 70% ethanol extract of Uvaria rufa roots in vivo. This study is an experimental study to test the effectiveness of 70% ethanol extract of Uvaria rufa roots in vivo. This study was conducted with an initial stage, namely 70% ethanol extract of Uvaria rufa roots obtained through maceration, then the aphrodisiac activity was measured through the parameters of the number of leydig cells and the weight of the testes of male mice (Mus musculus).The results showed that the administration of the extract with an LD50 value of 2108 μg/ml which is included in the Relatively Harmless category, while group P2 with a dose of 0.85 mg/20g BB/day was stated as the optimal dose (p<0.05 against the negative control) for aphrodisiac activity in measuring testicular weight and the number of Leydig cells. Therefore, administration of 70% ethanol extract of Uvaria rufa roots at a dose of 0.85 mg/20g BW/day is the optimal dose for aphrodisiac activity.
Struktur Komunitas dan Status Konservasi Ikan Berdasarkan Alat Tangkap Tradisional di Desa Simonis Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara
Authors: Ritonga Irna Alfaini , Khairul Khairul , Harahap Hasmi Syahputra
Published: January 2025

Fish diversity must be maintained because it has an ecological role, namely maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and can be used as an indicator of pollution. diversity is also important for the balance of aquatic ecosystems and some simonis villagers make it a community livelihood.  Based on information from residents of Simonis Village, North Labuhan Batu Regency, it is recognized that the diversity found in the river is quite high. In addition, residents of simonis village, north labuhan batu district can also utilize river water in pulo biski as drinking water, washing clothes, bathing and tourism.  This study aims to determine the community structure, ecological index and conservation status of fish obtained in Simonis Village based on IUCN data. This research is a survey with the determination of observation stations through purposive sampling method. Fish sampling was carried out using environmentally friendly fishing gear such as nets, shoots, fishing rods and tanggok or nets. The results of this study obtained approximately 22 species of fish and each fish species and morphological identification was carried out in order to know the scientific name of each type of fish. Index value and Diversity with moderate category. Diversity Index value with high category. Dominance Index value with no dominance criteria. It is concluded that the diversity of fish in Simonis Village, North Port Batu Regency.
Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bidara Pada Tikus Dengan Induksi Streptozotocin
Authors: Wahyuni Kumala Sari Poespita Dewi , Mawardika Herlinda , Sabban Indra Fauzi
Published: January 2025

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a global health problem that continues to increase, requiring safer and more effective alternative therapies. Bidara leaves have been known to have bioactive compounds that are useful as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antidiabetics. This study aims to determine the potential of bidara leaf extract in lowering blood sugar in diabetic rats. This study is an experimental research with four treatments. This study includes the manufacture of bidara leaf extract through the maceration method, phytochemical screening, and testing of antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced animal models. Blood sugar levels were measured before and after the intervention. The results showed that (1) bidara leaf extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and quinones; (2) Giving extracts with various concentrations for 42 days can reduce blood glucose levels in rats; (3) Bidara leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/ml showed higher activity than other doses. Thus, it can be concluded that 70% ethanol extract of bidara leaves can be used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Padina minor dalam Meningkatkan Kadar Klorofil Pada Tanaman Sorgum
Authors: Yourga Anze , Chaniago Irawati , Kasim Musliar
Published: January 2025

Sorghum is a potential alternative food source due to its high carbohydrate, fiber, and protein content, which surpasses that of rice, as well as its greater adaptability to marginal land and dry weather conditions. However, sorghum productivity is often hindered by suboptimal fertilizer use, necessitating additional solutions like biostimulants. Seaweed-based biostimulants, such as Padina minor, hold promise in enhancing plant growth by stimulating nutrient absorption, improving resistance to abiotic stress, and enriching soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of P. minor extract in increasing chlorophyll levels in sorghum plants. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with varying concentrations of P. minor extract (20%, 30%, and 40%) and application frequencies (1, 2, and 3 times). The research results showed that (1) a concentration of 20% with administration of the extract once gave a significant increase in chlorophyll levels compared to other concentrations and frequencies; (2) administration of biostimulants in low concentrations and with fewer administration frequencies has proven to be more effective; (3) higher concentrations and frequencies of biostimulants can cause toxicity to plants; (4) the use of P. minor extract as a biostimulant can be a sustainable alternative in agricultural practices to improve the quality and productivity of sorghum.
The Impact of Hospital Image on Patient Loyalty: A Study on Private Islamic Hospitals in Mataram City West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Muin Abdul , Menap Menap , Setiawan Sabar
Published: January 2025

This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach to examine the impact of hospital brand image on patient loyalty in private Islamic hospitals in Mataram. Data were collected from 223 patients at RSI Siti Hajar Mataram using structured questionnaires. The sample was selected through proportional stratified random sampling, ensuring representation across various hospital care classes.The findings of this study reveal that: (1) a positive hospital brand image significantly correlates with patient loyalty (p ≤ 0.001); (2) 96.5% of patients with a positive perception of the hospital’s image demonstrated high loyalty; (3) demographic factors, such as age, gender, and education level, influence patients’ perceptions of the hospital brand image; and (4) Muslim patients exhibited higher loyalty levels compared to non-Muslim patients, highlighting the relevance of Islamic values in healthcare services.The study underscores the critical importance of developing a positive brand image to enhance patient loyalty. Hospitals should adopt comprehensive strategies to improve service quality, ensure effective communication, and align their services with patients’ cultural and religious values. These efforts can foster trust, strengthen the hospital’s reputation, and secure long-term patient retention, particularly in culturally sensitive contexts.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pelayanan Petugas Puskesmas di UPT BLUD Puskesmas Pemenang Kabupaten Lombok Utara
Authors: Asmadi Andi , Menap Menap , Khalik Lalu Abdul
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the dominant factors that influence the performance of health services at the UPT BLUD Puskesmas Pemenang. This study used a cross-sectional design with 60 respondents. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. Data analysis used Spearman correlation to test the relationship between variables such as competence, discipline, and service facilities, and their impact on service quality. The results showed that (1) the competence and discipline of health workers were the most significant factors influencing service performance; (2) competence showed a strong positive correlation with service performance (ρ = 0.828, p < 0.001), which means that skilled staff can provide more effective services; (3) discipline had a substantial positive impact (ρ = 0.760, p < 0.001), which means that the importance of compliance with protocols and schedules; (4) the availability of adequate facilities had a moderate effect on service performance (ρ = 0.342, p = 0.008). This confirms that improving the performance of health services in Community Health Centers requires a comprehensive approach, so that continuous professional development to improve staff competence, discipline enforcement, and strategic investment in service infrastructure is very important.
Relationship Between Diet and Gangrene Degree in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Tasya Aisya Medina , Handayani Astri
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The number of people with DM has increased to approximately 463 million individuals aged 20-79 worldwide. Several complications can arise due to DM, one of which is gangrene wounds. Gangrene wounds are the most common microvascular complication in DM patients. Nutritional intake is a crucial component in the wound healing process. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between diet and the degree of gangrene in DM patients. The method used is an observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample size consists of 51 respondents obtained from medical records and questionnaires filled out by DM patients. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 23 respondents had a moderate diet (45.1%), and the majority of respondents had wounds classified as degree 3 (21.6%). A significant relationship was found between diet and the degree of gangrene in DM patients (p<0.005). Thus, it can be concluded that a significant relationship exists between diet and the degree of gangrene in DM patients
Is the Mangrove Beach of Serdang Berdagai Regency, North Sumatra Suitable as An Ecotourism Site?
Authors: Hasan Uswatul , Mardiana Siti , Hasibuan Syahbudin
Published: January 2025

Mangrove ecosystems have various potentials, one of which is as a tourist area. This study aims to assess the suitability of mangrove ecosystems as ecotourism areas, which can later be used as a basis for developing ecotourism on mangrove beaches in Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research method used was survey. The research was conducted during the period July to October 2023. Mangrove observations were made using the 10 x 10 metre quadratic transect method as many as 20 pieces placed on the shoreline area towards land. thickness and density of mangroves. The results showed that there were two mangrove species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata with a total density of 1,015 individuals per hectare (10.15 individuals per 100 m²). There are 16 types of biota associated with mangrove ecosystems consisting of 3 types of bivalves, 1 type of gastropod, 6 types of fish, 3 types of crustaceans, 2 types of arthropods, and 1 type of mammal. The results of the ecotourism suitability index analysis show that this area is suitable to be used as a mangrove ecotourism location with a suitability value of 54.75%. Thus, it can be concluded that the mangrove beach is suitable to be used as an ecotourism area.
Analisis Moral Knowing Siswa Tentang Merokok Untuk Membentuk Karakter Peduli Kesehatan dalam Pembelajaran Biologi
Authors: Ximenez Diaz Rury Rimenta , Chastanti Ika , Sari Novi Fitriandika
Published: January 2025

The problem of school-age children engaging in smoking is becoming an increasingly worrying issue. This phenomenon not only threatens children's physical and mental health, but also has implications for their academic performance and future. Moral knowing as an initial aspect to shape the character of students. This study aims to analyze the level of moral knowing of junior high school students about smoking. This study is a qualitative research conducted at SMPN 2 North Rantau, Labuhanbatu Regency. The research subjects were teachers and students of SMPN 2 North Rantau totaling 110 students. Sampling technique using purposive sampling with case study method. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations and questionnaires. The results showed that the highest rate was in the Perspective taking indicator of 28%, followed by the Moral reasoning indicator of 25%, the Self knowledge indicator of 20%, the knowing moral value indicator of 15%, the decisions making indicator of 8% and the Moral knowing indicator of 4%. These findings indicate that moral knowledge (moral knowing) has an important role in shaping adolescent behavior, including smoking behavior
Analisis Kadar Senyawa Tanin Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-VIS
Authors: Werdiningsih Wiwik , Fitria Faizatul
Published: January 2025

Japanese papaya plant (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) can be used for traditional medicine such as antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to measure the levels of tannin compounds from the extraction of Japanese papaya leaves. This research method uses descriptive to measure the levels of tannin compounds in Japanese papaya leaf extract with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Determination at Materia Medica Indonesia (MMI) to determine the maximum wavelength, determination of operating time, and determination of tannin content in the sample. The results showed that (1) quantitative test results with a maximum wavelength of 723 nm obtained an average tannin content of 36.782 mg TAE / g extract; (2) method validation test and the results met the requirements, namely the linearity test results obtained correlation coefficient (r2) s 0.9954; (3) accuracy test results of 98-102%; (4) precision test results RSD of 0.097%; (5) LOD and LOQ test results obtained 1.899 ppm and 5.755%.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Game Edukasi Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar
Authors: Anggreini Nisah , Siregar Zunaidy Abdullah , Machrizal Rusdi
Published: January 2025

The learning process is still carried out using manual methods, so students tend to get bored quickly when participating in learning activities in class. The aim of this research is to improve science learning outcomes by applying educational role playing learning methods to Class 7 students at SMPN 2 Ratu for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research was carried out at SMPN 2 Ratu, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province. The subjects in this research were 7th grade students of SMPN 2 Ratu, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research is classroom action research with 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 activities, namely planning, action, observation and reflection followed by planning in the next cycle by utilizing the results of previous reflection. The solution design in question is an action in the form of a role-playing learning method in teaching the subject of the Solar System for Class 7 SMPN 2 Ratu to 31 people. Research findings show that learning science using the educational role playing learning method can improve student learning outcomes as evidenced by the increase in science learning outcomes each cycle, namely from an average of 70.52 to an average of 80.19. students feel happy studying science in the field of biology with material on the greenhouse effect and are interested in learning.