bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with domestic violence in the Lahu hill tribe of northern Thailand: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Panjaphothiwat Nicharuch , Tamornpark Ratipark , Apidechkul Tawatchai , Seeprasert Prapamon , Singkhorn Onnalin , Upala Panupong , Thutsanti Phitnaree , Yeemard Fartima , Sunsern Rachanee
Published: March 2021

Background

Domestic violence significantly affects physical and mental health, particularly among children, women, and the elderly. Living in certain family environments could lead to victimization by domestic violence, especially among families with a poor socioeconomic status, such as the Lahu hill tribe people in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with domestic violence among Lahu children, women, and the elderly.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted of participants who belonged to the Lahu hill tribe and lived in 20 selected villages in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire was used to collect personal information and information regarding experiences related to domestic violence in the past year from children (aged 5–15 years), women (aged 16–59 years), and the elderly (aged 60 years and over). A binary logistic regression was used to detect associations between the variables.

Results

A total of 646 participants were recruited into the study, specifically, 98 children aged 5–15 years, 430 women aged 16–59 years, and 118 elderly people. Children who smoked (AOR = 8.70; 95%CI = 1.27–59.45) had greater odds of experiencing domestic violence than children who did not smoke. Women who had a role as a family member (AOR = 1.59; 95%CI = 1.02–2.50), used alcohol (AOR = 3.36; 95%CI = 2.27–4.99), lived in a family with financial problems (AOR = 4.01; 95%CI = 2.52–7.66), and lived with a family member who uses alcohol (AOR = 2.87; 95%CI = 2.20–5.63) had greater odds of suffering domestic violence than women who did not share these characteristics. The elderly who used alcohol (AOR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.08–9.81), lived with a family member who uses alcohol (AOR = 3.31; 95%CI = 1.26–7.34), or lived in a family with financial problems in the past year (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI = 1.16–8.77) had greater odds of facing domestic violence than the elderly who did not have these characteristics.

Conclusion

Family financial problems and substance use are associated with domestic violence in Lahu families in Thailand. Health interventions to reduce the use of substances, including training programs to respond to domestic violence, should be promoted for Lahu children, women, and the elderly.
Economic violence against women: A case in Turkey
Authors: Alkan Ömer , Özar Şenay , Ünver Şeyda
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the exposure of women in the 15–59 age group in Turkey to economic violence by their husbands/partners. The micro data set of the National Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey, which was conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, was employed in this study. The factors affecting women’s exposure to economic violence were determined using the binary logistic regression analysis. In the study, women in the 15–24, 25–34 and 35–44 age group had a higher ratio of exposure to economic violence compared to the reference group. Women who graduated from elementary school, secondary school, and high school had a higher ratio of exposure to economic violence compared to those who have never gone to school. Women’s exposure to physical, sexual and verbal violence was also important factor affecting women’s exposure to economic violence. The results obtained in this study are important in that they can be a source of information for establishing policies and programs to prevent violence against women. This study can also be a significant guide in determining priority areas for the resolution of economic violence against women.
Aerobic glycolysis supports hepatitis B virus protein synthesis through interaction between viral surface antigen and pyruvate kinase isoform M2
Authors: Wu Yi-Hsuan , Yang Yi , Chen Ching-Hung , Hsiao Chia-Jen , Li Tian-Neng , Liao Kuan-Ju , Watashi Koichi , Chen Bor-Sen , Wang Lily Hui-Ching
Published: March 2021

As an intracellular pathogen, the reproduction of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) depends on the occupancy of host metabolism machinery. Here we test a hypothesis if HBV may govern intracellular biosynthesis to achieve a productive reproduction. To test this hypothesis, we set up an affinity purification screen for host factors that interact with large viral surface antigens (LHBS). This identified pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), a key regulator of glucose metabolism, as a binding partner of viral surface antigens. We showed that the expression of viral LHBS affected oligomerization of PKM2 in hepatocytes, thereby increasing glucose consumption and lactate production, a phenomenon known as aerobic glycolysis. Reduction of PKM2 activity was also validated in several different models, including HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP-C4 cells, adenovirus mediated HBV gene transduction and transfection with a plasmid containing complete HBV genome on HuH-7 cells. We found the recovery of PKM2 activity in hepatocytes by chemical activators, TEPP-46 or DASA-58, reduced expressions of viral surface and core antigens. In addition, reduction of glycolysis by culturing in low-glucose condition or treatment with 2-deoxyglucose also decreased expressions of viral surface antigen, without affecting general host proteins. Finally, TEPP-46 largely suppressed proliferation of LHBS-positive cells on 3-dimensional agarose plates, but showed no effect on the traditional 2-dimensional cell culture. Taken together, these results indicate that HBV-induced metabolic switch may support its own translation in hepatocytes. In addition, aerobic glycolysis is likely essential for LHBS-mediated oncogenesis. Accordingly, restriction of glucose metabolism may be considered as a novel strategy to restrain viral protein synthesis and subsequent oncogenesis during chronic HBV infection.
The Ages of Socrates in Plato's Symposium
Authors: Finkelberg Margalit
Published: March 2021

Plato’s Symposium has no less than three dramatic dates: its narrative frame is placed in 401 BCE; Agathon’s dinner party is envisaged as having occurred in 416; finally, Plato makes Socrates meet Diotima in 440 BCE. I will argue that the multi-level chronology of the Symposium should be approached along the lines of Socrates’ intellectual history as placed against the background of Greek ideas of age classes (also exploited in the Republic). As a result, the Symposiumfunctions as a retrospective of Socrates’ life, which uses the traditional concept of ages of man to create a paradigm of philosophical life.
Plato on Divinization and the Divinity of the Rational Part of the Soul
Authors: Keena Justin
Published: March 2021

Three distinct reasons that Plato calls the rational part of the soul “divine” are analyzed: (1) its metaphysical kinship with the Forms, (2) its epistemological ability to know the Forms, and (3) its ethical capacity to live by them. Supposing these three divine aspects of the rational part are unified in the life of each person, they naturally suggest a process of divinization or “becoming like god” according to which a person (specifically, a philosopher), by (3) living more virtuously, which requires (2) increasingly better knowledge of the Forms, gradually (1) becomes united with them. This process of divinization is in fact found throughout the middle and late dialogues, including the Phaedo, Republic, Symposium, Phaedrus, Timaeus, and the Laws. This synoptic view of the Platonic idea(l) of divinization provides a standard according to which misplaced emphasis, flaws, and tension created by other interpretations are criticized and corrected.
¡Un Hígado Equilibrado Es Medio Camino Andado!
Authors: Pagès Mireia Alemany i , Ramalho-Santos João , Azul Anabela Marisa , Tavares Rui
Published: March 2021

Sabe o que é o fígado? Conhece as muitas coisas importantes que faz, mantendo-nos vivos e saudáveis? Sabia que os hábitos alimentares podem afetar o bem-estar de nosso fígado? Ou que um estilo de vida sedentário pode prejudicá-lo? Provavelmente não sabe, mas uma em cada quatro pessoas no mundo tem Doença do Fígado Gordo Não Alcoólico (FIGNA; NAFLD na sigla inglesa), que pode passar despercebida por muito anos, e resultar em danos graves ao fígado, incluindo cirrose e cancro. Será que é uma dessas pessoas? O acumular excessivo de gordura no fígado é causado por dietas pouco saudáveis e estilos de vida sedentários. Acha que pode estar em risco? Embora estes problemas possam existir em pessoas com um peso ideal, a obesidade e a diabetes de tipo 2 são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de FIGNA. Então como podemos resolver isto? Conheça melhor o seu fígado com esta banda desenhada, e descubra como tratar e prevenir esta forma de doença hepática! Pense no seu fígado da próxima vez que comer, e não se esqueça de o ajudar, mantendo um estilo de vida ativo. Lembre-se que um fígado equilibrado é meio caminho andado!
Sigues metge del teu propi fetge!
Authors: Pagès Mireia Alemany i , Ramalho-Santos João , Azul Anabela Marisa , Tavares Rui
Published: March 2021

Sabe o que é o fígado? Conhece as muitas coisas importantes que faz, mantendo-nos vivos e saudáveis? Sabia que os hábitos alimentares podem afetar o bem-estar de nosso fígado? Ou que um estilo de vida sedentário pode prejudicá-lo? Provavelmente não sabe, mas uma em cada quatro pessoas no mundo tem Doença do Fígado Gordo Não Alcoólico (FIGNA; NAFLD na sigla inglesa), que pode passar despercebida por muito anos, e resultar em danos graves ao fígado, incluindo cirrose e cancro. Será que é uma dessas pessoas? O acumular excessivo de gordura no fígado é causado por dietas pouco saudáveis e estilos de vida sedentários. Acha que pode estar em risco? Embora estes problemas possam existir em pessoas com um peso ideal, a obesidade e a diabetes de tipo 2 são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de FIGNA. Então como podemos resolver isto? Conheça melhor o seu fígado com esta banda desenhada, e descubra como tratar e prevenir esta forma de doença hepática! Pense no seu fígado da próxima vez que comer, e não se esqueça de o ajudar, mantendo um estilo de vida ativo. Lembre-se que um fígado equilibrado é meio caminho andado!
O GESTO É A ESCRITA NO AR: REPRESENTAÇÃO IDEATIVA DE PALAVRA E APROPRIAÇÃO DA ESCRITA EM VIGOTSKI
Authors: Franco Adriana Fatima , Martins Lígia Márcia
Published: March 2021

Este texto de natureza teórica focaliza o desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita como função psíquica superior. Seu objetivo é apontar a representação ideativa da palavra como unidade mínima de análise para a compreensão do desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita. Ao afirmar que escrever é grafar ideias, esta análise ampara-se na perspectiva histórico-cultural de desenvolvimento humano. Ao longo da presente exposição e tomando como eixo a periodização da formação de conceitos em Vigotski, buscamos analisar a apropriação da escrita a partir do conceito de palavra. Apontamos que o ato psíquico consubstanciado na escrita não radica no trato ou no uso externo que a criança faz da palavra oralmente, mas sim de sua representação como conceito. Advogamos, pois, que a formação do conceito de palavra, tanto em sua dimensão semântica, quanto em sua morfologia e fonética, se impõe como tarefas de um ensino desenvolvente desde a educação infantil, construindo-se, assim, o substrato para a aquisição da escrita propriamente dita nos anos de escolarização subsequentes.
К вопросу о синташтинской традиции парных захоронений лошадей
Authors:   ООО «Центр археологических исследований», С.В. Сотникова
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются материалы Синташтинского большого грунтового могильника (СМ), расположенного на Южном Урале. Автор обращает внимание на два разных варианта парных захоронений лошадей. Один вариант – выкладки на дне могилы из черепов и костей ног. Именно с этим вариантом связаны находки костяных и роговых псалиев и следы колес, в том числе со спицами, то есть наиболее полный «колесничный» комплекс. Второй вариант – размещение в верхней части могил, как правило, на перекрытии одной или нескольких пар целых костяков лошадей. С этим вариантом на СМ ни разу не встречены псалии. В других могильниках Синташтинского комплекса парные захоронения целых костяков лошадей не обнаружены. В том случае, когда оба варианта встречаются в одной могильной яме, нижнее погребение в той или иной мере потревожено. Автор приходит к выводу, что эта «особенность» СМ может быть интерпретирована как результат появления (переселения, вторжения и т.д.) другого населения, возможно, близкого в культурном отношении. Нельзя полностью исключить и некоторый хронологический разрыв.
Вклад Ю.Ф. Кирюшина в изучение оружия энеолита и бронзового века из Лесостепного Алтая
Authors:   ООО «Алтайстройсервис», О.С. Лихачева
Published: March 2021

Представленная статья посвящена анализу работ Ю.Ф. Кирюшина, в которых имеются сведения об оружии энеолита и бронзового века с территории Лесостепного Алтая. Рассматриваемая подборка условно подразделяется на три блока, сгруппированные по содержанию. В первый включены работы, где опубликованы материалы из археологических памятников указанного периода, содержавшие предметы вооружения. Значимость этой информации сложно переоценить, поскольку бо́льшая часть оружия найдена вне контекста, что значительно усложняет датировку и выявление культурной принадлежности изделий. Далее рассматриваются публикации, вводящие в научный оборот случайные находки различных средств нападения. Последние составляют основу источниковой базы по вооружению того времени. Отдельное внимание уделяется монографии автора, дающей первую систематизацию оружия энеолита и ранней бронзы. В целом благодаря исследовательской деятельности Ю.Ф. Кирюшина было введено в научный оборот и проанализировано 40 единиц оружия, датируемых от энеолита до поздней бронзы, уточнены их культурно-хронологические позиции и подняты вопросы их формирования и развития.
Керамические материалы погребальных и стояночных комплексов железного века Кудинской долины (Западная часть Байкальской Сибири)
Authors:   Иркутский областной краеведческий музей, Г.Л. Иванов
Published: March 2021

В работе анализируются керамические материалы из археологических объектов эпохи железа Кудинской долины. На основе стратиграфических наблюдений, а также исследования погребальных комплексов и радиоуглеродных дат выделяются четыре последовательных этапа: ранний железный век, елгинский период, курумчинский период, монгольский период. В силу ряда особенностей наиболее многочисленной категорией археологических источников эпохи железа в Кудинской долине является керамика, которую следует рассматривать как важный археологический источник. В раннем железном веке происходит параллельное бытование гладкостенной керамики и керамики с оттисками шнура (в качестве технического декора). В елгинский период технический декор постепенно исчезает, появляются сосуды с растительным орнаментом. В курумчинскую эпоху появляется керамика, украшенная пальцевыми защипами. Монгольская эпоха приносит два нововведения – округлое дно у сосудов и сосуды с s-видным фигурным профилем. На всем протяжении железного века сохраняется лепная техника и целый ряд орнаментальных мотивов – в частности декорирование сосудов налепными валиками.
Захоронения саянтуйского типа в западной части Улуса Джучи
Authors:   Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет, А.В. Харинский
Published: March 2021

В XIII в. у населения южной части Байкальского региона формируется единая погребальная практика, которую можно определить как монгольский погребальный ритуал имперского периода, или захоронения саянтуйского типа. Его характеризуют несколько элементов: могильная яма с вертикальными стенками; сооружение над могильной ямой каменной конструкции (плоские овальные кладки, круглые курганообразные насыпи); индивидуальные захоронения; трупоположение вытянутое на спине, руки вдоль туловища; наличие деревянной внутримогильной конструкции (колода, ящик, рама); ориентировка ориентация погребенных на север или северо-восток. Вместе с монгольскими завоевателями этот погребальный обряд проникает в Восточную Европу, где становится одним из отличительных элементов их культуры. Незначительное количество на территории Восточной Европы захоронений XIII–XIV вв., выполненных по саянтуйским канонам, свидетельствует о небольшом количестве непосредственно монголов, оставшихся на территории Улуса Джучи после завоевательных походов. Наличие в этих захоронениях богатого сопроводительного инвентаря позволяет судить о высоком социальном статусе его владельцев.
Модель бронзового кинжала и костяные наконечники стрел из кургана скифского времени на могильнике Усть-Эдиган в Горном Алтае
Authors:   Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Ю.С. Худяков , А.Ю. Борисенко ,   Новосибирский государственный университет
Published: March 2021

В статье исследуются находки модели бронзового кинжала и двух костяных наконечников стрел из состава сопроводительного инвентаря погребения взрослого мужчины в групповом захоронении в кургане пазырыкской культуры на могильнике Усть-Эдиган в Чемальском районе Республики Алтай. Рассмотрены основные события и результаты предшествующих исследований погребальных памятников пазырыкской культуры на территории Горного Алтая и Северо-Западной Монголии. Проанализированы конструктивные особенности археологической находки модели бронзового кинжала. Прослежены аналогии этой модели кинжала в составе предметных комплексов с изученными в прошлом археологическими памятниками пазырыкской культуры. Близкие по своей форме кинжалы были найдены в Южной Сибири и на сопредельной территории Центральной Азии. Хронология этой находки определена по аналогиям из ранее изученных археологических памятников позднего этапа пазырыкской культуры. Изучены аналогии находкам костяных наконечников стрел из сопроводительного инвентаря исследуемого археологического памятника.
Die Evolution der Religion
Authors: Krech Volkhard
Published: March 2021

Über uns der Ideenhimmel, in uns das Bewusstsein und dazwischen: die Religion als Bestandteil der soziokulturellen Wirklichkeit. Volkhard Krech entfaltet in seinem soziologischen Grundriss der religiösen Evolution das Verständnis von Religion als Kommunikation, die zwischen den Menschen entsteht und stattfindet. In seiner Analyse zur Ausdifferenzierung des Religiösen, die Bezug auf die Evolutionstheorie, Systemtheorie und eine semiotisch informierte Kommunikationstheorie nimmt, bewegt er sich in der Zirkularität von Gegenwart und Geschichte. Dabei macht er Religion als Sinnform zur Bearbeitung unbestimmbarer Kontingenz begreifbar.
PV Cell Parameters Modeling and Temperature Effect Analysis
Authors: Kabbani Adnan , Mohamed Shaik Honnurvali
Published: March 2021

With the wide acceptance of modeling a PV cell by a single diode, a series and parallel resistors; many researchers have discussed different mathematical forms and iterative techniques to extract the values of these model elements depending on the key parameters provided by the manufacturer datasheet. This paper avoids iterative techniques and obtains the values of the five parameters of the one diode model by developing closed form expressions. The maximum error produced by this technique is 10% when compared to the exact values of the one diode model circuit built by Spice. The 10% maximum error has occurred during the estimation of the reverse saturation current (Io) of the diode, nevertheless, it should be mentioned that even for this same parameter the model outperforms many iterative dependent works. Furthermore, this paper discusses the effect of temperature on the operation performance of PV cells. In particular, the temperature effect on the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current, the fill factor, the reverse saturation current, and the conversion efficiency was modeled and evaluated for different brand technologies
Heavy Metals Content in Phaeophyceae from Malang Rapat Waters, Bintan
Authors: Novianty Hilda , Mustafa Emienour Muzalina , Suratno Suratno
Published: March 2021

The use of brown-macroalgae (Phaeophyceae) as an alginate source is very broad, covering the food and non-food industry, because of that it is necessary to know the safety of these natural resources, one of which is safe from heavy metal contamination. The purpose of this study was to determine heavy metals concentrations accumulated in several types of Phaeophyceae (brown macroalgae) as an alginate source from Malang Rapat waters, Bintan. The method used was descriptive non-experimental. The determination of the location of sampling was done by purposive sampling method. Samples were taken through free collection, identified species and measured of metal contamination concentrations for As, Cd, and Pb. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Phaeophyceae found in Malang Rapat waters were Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum aquifolium, Padina australis, Hormophysa cuneiformis with each metal concentration contamination of As 13.95 to 23.30 µg.g-1 dry weight; Cd from 0.33 to 1.08 µg.g-1 dry weight and Pb from 4.72 to 9.92 µg.g-1 dry weight. This study showed that all metal contamination ranges in all Phaeophyceae were on the verge of the maximum limit set by the National Standardization Agency of Indonesia Indonesian (SNI) No 7387 of 2009 and National Agency of Drug and Food Control of RI (BPOM) Regulation No 5 of 2018 for dried macroalgae product so that Phaeophyceae from Malang Rapat waters - Bintan was not safe to be used as raw material for alginate source or other processed products of brown-macroalgae.
Dziedzictwo zakonu pijarów w perspektywie badań Zespołu Szkół Pijarskich w Elblągu
Authors: Semrau Katarzyna , Rutkowski Jarosław
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to indicate the heritage of the Piarist order in contemporary education. From the very beginning, activity of Piarist monks was directed at poor children and young people, who through education were to become better citizens and Catholics. Nowadays, this heritage is visible in schools run by Piarist monks. One of the school centers is the Piarist School Complex in Elbląg. An interview with the management and teachers, as well as the results of the survey questionnaire collected, allow you to view the modern heritage of Piarist in this school. The article indicates the Piarist School Complex in Elbląg as an example of contemporary piarist activity, which on the one hand is a modern approach to education, and on the other fulfills the assumptions accompanying from the beginning of the activity of piarist education.
Profesor Marian Walczak (1923–2020)* In memoriam
Authors: Chmielewski Witold
Published: March 2021

Presenting Prof. Marian Walczak’s achievements concentrated on the field of Polish Teachers’ Union and the history of education. The presentation of Prof. Marian Walczak’s biography and achievements in all fields of his rich academic activity, especially in the scope of the history of Polish Teachers’ Union, underground teaching, the activity of high schools and education as well as the martyrdom of Polish teachers during the Nazi occupation. Moreover, the results of the professor’s research into the history of Polish education after WWII have also been presented. The achievements of Prof. Marian Walczak were significant. He is remembered by posterity for his activity in the history of Polish Teachers’ Union and the history of education in the 20th century.
K. Ratajczak, Szkolnictwo w Wielkopolsce na tle sąsiadów w okresie średniowiecza, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2017, ss. 368
Authors: Nowicki Michał
Published: March 2021

Recenzja
Przestrzeń filmowa jako przestrzeń wiedzy. O filmach Ray i Charlesa Eamesów
Authors: Świętochowska Grażyna
Published: March 2021

Through the whole period of their design output, Ray and Charles Eames used film as a tool. First, they referred to film when they tried to prove their artistic activity, then for the purposes of advertisement and finally, they got to large, highly-circulated global multimedia projects. Behind them were state and corporate subjects. In all film activities, they reveal an innovative attitude which negotiated the current techniques of production. Each time, they were able to create new value. They revolutionized advertising and educational films. In every attempt at this genre, they did not give up the humanistic approach. They presented scientific knowledge, offered in the form of standard high entertainment.
„Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite”. 2001: Odyseja kosmiczna Stanleya Kubricka
Authors: Kozłowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the relationship between film and painting, as well as the sciences (physics, cosmology) of the 20th century. It introduces the historical context important for the time when Kubrick’s film was made, and addresses the issue of abstraction in cinema, contemporary painting and cosmology, confronting artistic and scientific ideas (the models of the Universe). The starting point for the detailed analysis was “autonomous abstract film” (Alicja Helman), which as a film inside a film combines various cinematic types and genres. The analysis of takes and sequences of this film inside a film made it possible to decipher the director’s idea, which is expressed in intra-film references. The particular results of the research were compared with the possible iconographic context (Gerhard Richter). The inclusion of a diagnosis obtained on the basis of materials examined in the Kubrick Archives in London (Kamil Kościelski), and references to cultural tradition (Plato), supplement the aforementioned considerations in an important way.
„Nie zapomnij mnie”. O filmowo-ekonomicznej przestrzeni w dziejowości Wrocławia 1896–1945
Authors: Gierszewska Barbara Lena
Published: March 2021

The author of the reviewed book for the first time shows how and why film preferences of the inhabitants of Breslau in the years 1896–1932 and 1933–1945 differed in relation to the choices of cinema audiences in other European cities during the same period. He uses the POPSTAT statistical method proposed for this purpose by the German researcher Joseph Potter. He also uses the scientific ideas of „attraction cinema” developed by André Gaudreault. He bases his research on analyzing film success rankings and to measure viewer preferences.
Predicting freshmen’s academic adjustment and subsequent achievement: differences between academic and professional higher education contexts
Authors: Willems Jonas , Van Daal Tine , Van Petegem Peter , Coertjens Liesje , Donche Vincent
Published: March 2021

This study tests an integrative model, which delineates how students’ academic motivation, academic self-efficacy and learning strategies (processing strategies and regulation strategies) at the end of secondary education impact academic adjustment in the first semester of the first year of higher education (FYHE) and subsequent academic achievement at the end of the FYHE, in two types of HE programmes. More precisely, the present study explores the extent to which the explanatory values of aforementioned determinants of academic adjustment and academic achievement differ across academic (providing more theoretical and scientific education) and professional (offering more vocational education that prepares students for a particular occupation, such as nursing) programmes. Hereto, multiple-group SEM analyses were carried out on a longitudinal dataset containing 1987 respondents (Academic programmes: N=1080, 54.4%; Professional programmes: N=907, 45.6%), using Mplus 8.3. Results indicate differences in the predictive power of determinants under scrutiny between professional and academic contexts. Firstly, learning strategies and motivational variables at the end of secondary education have more predictive power in the prediction of FYHE academic adjustment in the academic programmes than in professional programmes. Secondly, our results indicate that academic adjustment in the first semester of the FYHE influences academic achievement to a bigger extent in professional programmes than in academic programmes. Moreover, these differences across HE contexts were found after controlling for prior education. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Widening participation? (Re)searching institutional pathways in higher education for migrant students - The cases of Sweden and Italy
Authors: Messina Dahlberg Giulia , Vigmo Sylvi , Surian Alessio
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to shed light on the ways in which transitions and support are framed in policy contexts in relation to widening participation in higher education (HE) in Sweden and Italy. More specifically, this study investigates the ways in which the discourse about the inclusion of migrant students in HE is framed in relation to the kinds of support for this group offered in two higher educational institutions, in Sweden and Italy. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the ways in which policy ideas about transition and widening participation are enmeshed in the students’ narratives and how they affect their experiences of participation, normalization and marginalization in HE. The analysis includes two datasets: i) national policy, laws and regulations and webpages of a selection of national universities and university colleges; and ii) ethnographically generated data that builds upon a case-study design and consists of audio recordings of informal discussions and interviews with students. We are, in this study, interested in framing diversity in terms of a move beyond the naturalization of hegemonic stances where labelled “Others” (e.g. based on cultural/ethnic background, functionality, socio-economic status) are treated as essentialized or mutually exclusive categories. One of the central, frontline contributions of this study, lies in its attempts to analytically scrutinise processes of inclusion and marginalisation that include a broad analytical gaze. This allowed us to analyse the mismatch between the range of support provided, and the actual needs and challenges that migrant students meet in their transition and participation to higher education in two European countries.
Einstein tori and crooked surfaces
Authors: Burelle Jean-Philippe , Charette Virginie , Francoeur Dominik , Goldman William M.
Published: March 2021

In hyperbolic space, the angle of intersection and distance classify pairs of totally geodesic hyperplanes. A similar algebraic invariant classifies pairs of hyperplanes in the Einstein universe. In dimension 3, symplectic splittings of a 4-dimensional real symplectic vector space model Einstein hyperplanes and the invariant is a determinant. The classification contributes to a complete disjointness criterion for crooked surfaces in the 3-dimensional Einstein universe.
Verification of neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chronic neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury rat model
Authors: Wang Junhao , Lou Zhaohui , Xi Haiyang , Li Zhi , Li Lepeng , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Kai , Asakawa Tetsuya
Published: March 2021

Treatment of neuropathic pain is far from satisfactory. This study sought evidence of a neuroprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) to treat neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model. A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into sham, CCI, or CCI + ALA groups. Mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds were evaluated as behavioral assessments. Dorsal root ganglia cells were assessed morphologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining and for apoptosis with P53 immunohistochemical staining. Compared with the sham group, the CCI group had a shorter paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency, abnormal morphologic manifestations, and increased numbers of satellite glial cells and P53+ cells. These changes were significantly reversed by treatment with ALA. Our study indicates neuroprotective effects of ALA on chronic neuropathic pain in a CCI rat model. ALA is potentially considered to be developed as a treatment for neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve injury, which requires further verification.
Simultaneous removal efficiency of H2S and CO2 by high-gravity rotating packed bed: Experiments and simulation
Authors: Tran Lien Thi , Le Tuan Minh , Nguyen Tuan Minh , Tran Quoc Toan , Le Xuan Duy , Pham Minh Quan , Lam Van Tan , Van Do Manh
Published: March 2021

This study explores the possibility of applying high-gravity rotating packed bed (HGRPB) in removing H2S and CO2 from biogas. Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution was used as the absorbent in this study. Different experimental conditions including solution pH, rotating speed (R
S) of HGRPB, gas flow rate (Q
G), and liquid flow rate (Q
L) were investigated with respect to the removal efficiency (E) of H2S and CO2. The experimental and simulated results show that the optimal removal efficiency of H2S and CO2 using HGRPB achieved nearly the same as 99.38 and 99.56% for removal efficiency of H2S and 77.28 and 77.86% for removal efficiency of CO2, respectively. Such efficiencies corresponded with the following optimal conditions: a solution pH of 12.26, HGRPB reactor with the rotating speed of 1,200 rpm, the gas flow rate of 2.46 (L/min), and the liquid flow rate of 0.134 (L/min).
An electrochemical sensor for high sensitive determination of lysozyme based on the aptamer competition approach
Authors: Song Kai , Chen Wenwu
Published: March 2021

Protein is a kind of basic substance that constitutes a life body. The determination of protein is very important for the research of biology, medicine, and other fields. Lysozyme is relatively small and simple in structure among all kinds of proteins, so it is often used as a standard target detector in the study of aptamer sensor for protein detection. In this paper, a lysozyme electrochemical sensor based on aptamer competition mechanism is proposed. We have successfully prepared a signal weakening electrochemical sensor based on the lysozyme aptamer competition mechanism. The carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified on the glassy carbon electrode, and the complementary aptamer DNA with amino group was connected to MWCNTs. Because of the complementary DNA of daunomycin into the electrode, the electrochemical signal is generated. When there is a target, the aptamer binds to lysozyme with higher binding power, and the original complementary chain breaks down, resulting in the loss of daunomycin inserted into the double chain and the weakening of electrochemical signal. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine lysozyme, the response range was 1–500 nM, the correlation coefficient was 0.9995, and the detection limit was 0.5 nM. In addition, the proposed sensor has good selectivity and anti-interference.
Eurobonds: Three Lessons from China’s “Debt Centralization/Decentralization” Experience
Authors: An Zhiyong
Published: March 2021

Eurobonds, dubbed as Coronabonds in the context of the current coronavirus crisis, are being hotly debated among the euro area member states amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The debate is in many ways a retread of the euro area sovereign debt crisis of 2011–2012. As China’s “debt centralization/decentralization” experience is comparable with the introduction of Eurobonds in the European Union (EU) in terms of institutional mechanism design, we review our previous series of studies of China’s “debt centralization/decentralization” experience to shed some light on the Eurobonds debate. We obtain three key lessons. First, the introduction of Eurobonds in EU is likely to soften the budget constraint of the governments of the euro area member states. Second, it is also likely to strengthen the moral hazard incentives of the governments of the euro area member states to intentionally overstate their budget problems. Finally, the magnitudes of the moral hazard effects generated by the introduction of Eurobonds in EU are likely larger than their respective counterparts in China.
Distribution of root numbers of Hecke characters attached to some elliptic curves
Authors: Jeong Keunyoung , Kim Jigu , Kim Taekyung
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we show that an action on the set of elliptic curves with

j
=
1728

j=1728

preserves a certain kind of symmetry on the local root number of Hecke characters attached to such elliptic curves.
As a consequence, we give results on the distribution of the root numbers and their average of the aforementioned Hecke characters.
DDX41: a multifunctional DEAD-box protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing and innate immunity
Authors: Andreou Alexandra Z.
Published: March 2021

DEAD-box helicases participate in nearly all steps of an RNA’s life. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that several family members are multitasking enzymes. They are often involved in different processes, which may be typical for RNA helicases, such as RNA export and translation, or atypical, e.g., acting as nucleic acid sensors that activate downstream innate immune signaling. This review focuses on the DEAD-box protein DDX41 and summarizes our current understanding of its roles as an innate immunity sensor in the cytosol and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus and discusses DDX41’s involvement in disease.
Compact and ultrafast all optical 1-bit comparator based on wave interference and threshold switching methods
Authors: Askarian Asghar
Published: March 2021

In this study, we are going to design all optical 1-bit comparator by combining wave interference and threshold switching methods. The final structure composed of two nonlinear ring resonators and seven waveguides. The functionality of the suggested logical structure is analyzed and simulated by using plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. According to results, the proposed all optical 1-bit comparator has faster response and smaller footprint than all previous works. The maximum ON-OFF contrast ratio, delay time and area of the suggested optical comparator are about 16.67 dB, 1.8 ps, and 513 µm2, respectively.
What’s Wrong with the Global? The Interconnected Roles of Inequality, Migrancy, Criminality, Religion, Class, and Caste in India
Authors: Ghosal Abhisek , Das Saswat Samay
Published: March 2021

Postcolonial discourses often view globality as marking the continuation of the imperialist project. However, discourses entailing a genetic assessment of globality have identified that the workings of the neoliberal economy are largely responsible for its undoing. This mutually destructive relationship between globality and neoliberalism makes it even more necessary to strike a rupture between them. This article illustrates the strands of global and neoliberal discontent, positioning both globality and neoliberalism as arriving at cul-de sac despite vigorous effort to pretend otherwise. In particular, it dwells on the ontological status of the migrants in India by discussing the current strategy to criminalize them and uses Rahul Pandita’s Our Moon has Blood Clots: A Memoir of a Lost Home in Kashmir to show how criminalized migrants may be turned, by de-globing, into natural inhabitants of the Earth.
Structural equation modeling of mental health in gentrifying neighborhoods in Austin, Texas
Authors: Iyanda Ayodeji Emmanuel , Lu Yongmei
Published: March 2021

Having poor mental health can be life-threatening, and problems tied to it are prevalent in communities across the United States (US). The city of Austin is one of the ten cities in the US undergoing rapid urban gentrification; however, there is insufficient empirical evidence on the impact of this process on residents’ health. Consequently, this study explored the concept of weathering and life course perspective using data of 331 residents recruited from two regions endemic with gentrification to assess the health impacts of gentrification. We used a triangulation method including univariate, bivariate correlation, and multiple linear regression implemented through the structural equation model to examine the complex pathways to three health outcomes—measured stress, self-rated mental health, and depression symptoms. Bivariate Pearson’s correlation indicated a significant positive association between gentrification score and mental health symptoms and stress. However, the direct association between gentrification and depression disappeared in the causal/path model. In support of the weathering hypothesis, this study found that stress score was directly related to the adulthood depression score. Therefore, this research builds on the accumulating evidence of environmental stress and mental health in the US’s rapidly changing physical and sociocultural environment. Hence, implementing and guaranteeing social equity of resources will improve residents’ health and reduce the cost of health care spending at both the household level and the city government level.
Fear of Small Numbers and Political Behaviour of Ethnocentric Majority of Sri Lanka: Undeclared War against Upcountry Tamil Females
Authors: Senanayake Harsha
Published: March 2021

The United Nations Human Development Report (UNHDR) mentions that the rights of women and female children are inalienable, integral and indivisible. It further highlights the full and equal participation of women in every segment of the social process without any discrimination or without considering sex - gender hierarchies.1 The legal frameworks of the international system and local political space is accepting of the normative values of gender equality and the eradication of gender-based discrimination. But most of the majoritarian societies challenge these legal frameworks to address their political, social and market-oriented interests. These actions are driven by political, social and structural frameworks which have been accepted by the majoritarian societies in the liberal democratic world.

Tamil women in upcountry tea plantations in Sri Lanka were subjected to systemic and structural violence because of Sinhala majoritarian statecrafts in post-independence Sri Lanka. The ethnocentric violence directly problematises human security, survival and the personal rights of the upcountry Tamil female labour force. This paper discusses the survival of Tamil female plantation labour forces, focusing mainly on the security crisis of female reproductive rights under the ethnocentric Sinhala Majoritarian Society.
Information Resources Preservation: Bottlenecks and their Effect on Library Information Services
Authors: Mubofu Christian , Mambo Henry , Samzugi Athuman
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the factors hindering information resources preservation and the extent to which information services are affected in academic libraries. The population consisted of 170 library staff who were conveniently selected from the seven academic libraries under study. The researchers prepared a well-structured questionnaire for data collection and the responses were subjected into SPSS version 20 and content analysis. Findings revealed that lack of awareness, inappropriate building, and lack of preservation plan and being unsure on how to get started, being unsure on how to protect digital information resources and inadequate funding are the factors hindering effective preservation in academic libraries in Tanzania. The study also revealed that lack of information resources preservation affects library services to a great extent. The study concludes that damage of information resources affected information services. The study recommends that academic libraries management in collaboration with other stakeholders should establish a preservation consortium that will oversee the preservation issues in academic libraries country wide that may reduce the extent to which the barriers of information resources preservation affects the information services in the country. Through this consortium experts in the field of preservation will share skills on how they could tackle the preservation challenges together.
Embracing multidimensionality in phonological analysis
Authors: Cohn Abigail C. , Renwick Margaret E. L.
Published: March 2021

We pursue the idea, implicit in much current phonological research, that understanding the multiple factors that shape speech production and perception is within the purview of phonology. In particular, increased access to naturalistic data has highlighted the multidimensional reality of variation in spoken language. At the same time, longstanding methods of doing phonology – including impressionistic analysis, and laboratory and experimental studies – remain crucial to understanding native speaker competence and grammar. We advocate for an expanded methodological toolbox in phonological analysis, using an iterative approach that crucially includes naturalistic corpus data. Integrating across multiple data sources offers fuller insight into the nature of the phonological system and native speaker-hearer ability. Several case studies highlight findings gained through linked, iterative studies, showing the importance of naturalistic data for a richer understanding of phonological phenomena, and leading us to reflect on desiderata for corpora to reveal speaker-specific patterns in fine phonetic detail and variability, which we argue are part of a speaker-hearer’s phonological competence. Phonological analysis that embraces the full spectrum of variation in spoken language data (from categorical to gradient, and systematic to sporadic) contributes to a deeper understanding of phonology in this richer sense.
Preparation and the Foaming Activity Study of Hydroxymethyl Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Authors: Liu Qiaona , Bai Yun , Dong Sanbao , Li Jinling , Song Zhifei , Chen Shijun , Zhang Jie , Chen Gang
Published: March 2021

In this paper, hydroxymethyl cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (HM-CTAC) was prepared from cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and formaldehyde with different molar ratios (1:1 to 1: 4). The effects of reaction conditions (molar ratio) on surface properties were studied, including surface tension, foaming ability, high temperature resistance, methanol resistance and salt resistance. The results show that the minimum surface tension of HM-CTAC is lower than that of CTAC, and HM-CTAC (1:1) has the lowest surface tension of 31.89 mN · m–1. The foam volume of HM-CTAC with different molar ratios is higher than that of CTAC, and HM-CTAC (1:4) has a high foam volume of 435 mL. Compared to CTAC, the HM-CTAC under different reaction conditions has higher temperature resistance. At the methanol content of 10 wt.%, the initial foam volume of HM-CTAC is higher than that of CTAC, and the initial foam volume of HM-CTAC (1:2) is the highest with a volume of 21.5 mL. Among all the surfactants prepared under different reaction conditions, HM-CTAC (1:3) has the highest salt resistance with a relatively stable change in foam volume under different salt contents.