bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
203: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND HEALTH WORKER MOTIVATION, TEAMWORK AND JOB SATISFACTION IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN UGANDA
Authors: Musinguzi Conrad , Rutebemberwa Elizeus , Namale Leticia , Dahal Aruna
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Some studies have shown that poor leadership is associated with lack of effective teamwork and a demotivated workforce leading to poor service delivery. There is scanty data in Uganda on how leadership styles relate to service delivery. This study was done to identify the leadership style in health facilities in Uganda and their relationship with health workers' motivation, job satisfaction and teamwork.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in eastern, Rwenzori and west Nile regions of Uganda in November 2015 using self-administered questionnaires distributed and picked the same day from 564 health workers in 270 health facilities. These questionnaires collected information on the health workers' perception of leadership styles of their facility in-charges, their level of motivation and job satisfaction; and the level of team work. Factor analysis was used to identify and confirm latent variables for constructs on leadership styles, motivation, job satisfaction and team work. Relationships were assessed using Pearson correlation.

Results:

A total of 368/564 (64.3%) health workers indicated that transformational leadership was frequent or fairly often, while for transactional leadership it was 304/564 (54.4%) and laissez faire, it was 64/564 (11.4%). There was high correlation between transformational leadership with job satisfaction (r=0.31) and team work (r=0.47) and less correlation with motivation (r=0.18). Transactional leadership was highly correlated with teamwork (r=0.45) but low correlation with motivation (r=0.20) and job satisfaction (r=0.25). Laissez was negatively correlated with motivation at (r=−0.0002), job satisfaction (r=−0.21) and team work (r=−0.19).

Conclusion:

Health workers who perceived their leaders to display transformational leadership had a strong likelihood of being satisfied with their jobs and working in teams. However, those who perceived their in-charges as having a laissez faire leadership style were not motivated, not satisfied with their jobs and did not have team work.
22: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTENATAL AND POSTPARTUM ANXIETY WITH WEIGHT RETENTION 1 YEAR AFTER CHILDBIRTH
Authors: Pourmehr Hanieh Salehi , Farshbafkhalili Azizeh , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Malakouti Jamileh , Rafiee Somayyeh , Abdi Mozhgan , Jafarilar Nayyer
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Anxiety disorders during pregnancy are of great significance. Few studies have examined the association of psychosocial factors, particularly anxiety, with weight retention and obesity postpartum. This study is aimed to investigate the extent to which trimesters of pregnancy and early postpartum anxiety is associated with weight retention 1 year after childbirth.

Methods:

Sixty two class 2 & 3 obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) and 245 normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) pregnant women in first trimester of pregnancy were enrolled after calculation of pre-pregnancy BMI from Dec 2012 to Jan 2016 and reported Anxiety symptoms on Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale (BAI) at 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and 6–8 weeks postpartum. A scores ≤15 were considered as minimal and/or mild anxiety and scores ≥16 as moderate to severe anxiety. Associations between antenatal and postpartum anxiety with risk of substantial weight retention (at least 5 kg) 1 year after childbirth were assessed.

Results:

One hundred and fifty two women (78.8%) with normal prepregnancy BMI had not nor had mild anxiety during or after pregnancy, while these amounts were 31 women (67.4%) in obese group. 27 (14.0%) in normal BMI and 9 women (19.6%) in obese group experienced antenatal anxiety only, 4 (2.1%) in normal group and 2(4.3%) in obese group experienced postpartum anxiety only and 10(5.2%) in normal group and 4 women (8.7%) in obese group experienced both antenatal and postpartum depression. In all trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum period obese women had more anxiety than normal BMI group, however it was not statistically significant (p=0.1). At 1 year, participants retained a mean of 2.52 kg (range −10 to 17) in normal BMI group and 18.1% retained at least 5 kg and in obese group slightly decrease was shown: –0.02 kg (range −14 to 12) with 11.1% with retained weight at least 5 kg. Binary logistic regression analyses, after adjustment for weight-related covariates, maternal sociodemographics, and parity, antenatal and postpartum anxiety showed antenatal anxiety, either alone or in combination with postpartum anxiety, was not associated with substantial weight retention (odds ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07, 19.10).

Conclusion:

The relationship of obesity with anxiety during pregnancy and after delivery should be taken into consideration by heath care providers when managing obese pregnant women; not only to investigate its impacts on mood, but also to control the effects of mood on inappropriate consequences of obesity. Moreover identifying the other risk factors for weight retention after birth to prevent obesity and its sequels on women to better decision making in prenatal care guidelines contents are required.
26: AUDITORY-VERBAL THERAPY (AVT) AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP)
Authors: mortazavi Zahra , mortazavi Saideh
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

EBP as conscientious and clear use is considered the best evidence in making decisions about patients. The auditory-verbal approach is a communication model through which parents and professionals can identify the deaf children. According to EBP, there are 3 required hypotheses of evidence-based practices in auditory-verbal approach; 1. Evidence-based research: systematic researches; 2. Clinical skills: enjoying all the specialists' experiences, who worked on this issue; 3. Stakeholder perspectives: including families preferences, specialists, and financial resources. All these hypotheses are required to conduct evidence-based practices.

Methods:

The methodology used in this sectional paper is descriptive-analytical on the basis of auditory-verbal approach and the basics of evidence-based practices. Twenty children with hearing loss, aged 6-8 years old, who used both audio hearing aid and cochlear implant, were selected as samples. It took 1 year to study the samples. Individual 20-minute sessions were held twice a week by speech therapists, psychologists, and audiologists. Group meetings were held twice a week by the trainers of the children with hearing loss. The children's parents participated in the meetings once a week and the mothers were trained how to interact with children by speech therapist. Once a month, the therapist went to their home and controlled the family's interaction with the child. Using TOLD-3, the linguistic indicators of the children were assessed before and after research.

Results:

80% of the children reached a language development level as that of normal children. Considerable development could be seen in receptive language within the first 6 months and in expressive language within the second 6 months.

Conclusion:

the auditory-verbal approach is a legitimate communication approach for the deaf children or those with different hearing loss severity, regardless of the hearing aids.
30: CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND CEREBRAL OXYGEN METABOLISM IN NORMAL AGING: A PRECURSOR FOR STUDY OF DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Parnianfard Neda , Seifar Fatemeh , Aboutalebi Mohammad , Hajibonabi Farid , Vafaee Manouchehr S.
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Aging brain has been demonstrated to be the main risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent findings provide clear evidence that the structural and functional integrity of the brain depends on the delicate balance between substrate delivery through blood flow and energy demands imposed by neural activity. Imaging studies of aging have in general shown reductions of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen (CMRO2) in healthy elderly adults. Based on the existing evidence, we hypothesized the CBF and CMRO2 in healthy young subjects will be higher than CBF and CMRO2 in elderly adults which itself should be higher than AD patients. Therefore, we designed the present studies specifically to reveal the role of defective cerebral oxygen metabolism and cerebral blood flow in normal aging.

Methods:

To test the predictions, we acquired PET scans of CBF and CMRO2 at baseline from 12 young and 12 healthy elderly subjects. The subjects underwent 2 sessions of 3-min PET scans of CBF, and CMRO2. During the CBF scans, 500 MBq of 15O-labelled water (15O-H215O) were injected intravenously at the start of each scan while they inhaled 500 MBq of 15O-[O2] in one breathe at the start of each CMRO2 scan. Quantitative CBF and CMRO2 measures were computed as parametric maps. Each subject also underwent MRI scan for structural-functional (MRI-PET) correlation.

Results:

The resulting global values of CBF and CMRO2 were not significantly different from each other in each age group implying that whole brain cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism globally do not differ from each other as one ages. However, ROI (region of interest) analysis of average CBF scans of young versus elderly revealed significant CBF and CMRO2 differences as shown in Figure 1.

Conclusion:

Aging appears to decrease both CBF and CMRO2, which in turn might lead to impairment in cognitive functions, an important hallmark of dementia and AD. Although it remains a matter of controversy as to whether cerebral perfusion and metabolism declines with healthy aging, however the current study confirms that indeed CBF and CMRO2 decline with age in healthy individuals.
37: COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS: TBL-BASED AND LECTURE-BASED LEARNING IN NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES IN NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: Khodaveisi Masoud , Qaderian Khosro , Oshvandi Khodayar , Soltanian Ali Reza , Vardanjani Mehdi molavi
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

learning plays an important role in developing nursing skills and right care-taking. The Present study aims to evaluate two learning methods based on team –based learning and lecture-based learning in learning care-taking of patients with diabetes in nursing students.

Method:

In this quasi-experimental study, 64 students in term 4 in nursing college of Bukan and Miandoab were included in the study based on knowledge and performance questionnaire including 15 questions based on knowledge and 5 questions based on performance on care-taking in patients with diabetes were used as data collection tool whose reliability was confirmed by cronbach alpha (r=0.83) by the researcher. To compare the mean score of knowledge and performance in each group in pre-test step and post-test step, pair –t test and to compare mean of scores in two groups of control and intervention, the independent t- test was used.

Results:

There was not significant statistical difference between two groups in pre terms of knowledge and performance score (p=0.784). There was significant difference between the mean of knowledge scores and diabetes performance in the post-test in the team-based learning group and lecture-based learning group (p=0.001). There was significant difference between the mean score of knowledge of diabetes care in pre-test and post-test in base learning groups (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

In both methods team-based and lecture-based learning approaches resulted in improvement in learning in students, but the rate of learning in the team-based learning approach is greater compared to that of lecture-based learning and it is recommended that this method be used as a higher education method in the education of students.
45: DEVELOPING AN AUDIT MODEL FOR EVALUATING EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENTS
Authors: Amini Abolghasem , Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh , Farahsa Sahar
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

To achieve the goals and expectations of education, universities, colleges and educational departments, have to measure and improve the quality of education through specific mechanisms in the form of audit and evaluation. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive educational audit model for evaluating an educational department.

Methods:

A two-step process was used to develop the audit model. First, based on a literature review, evaluation and audit models were studied and features of an educational audit model were derived. Then a primary audit model was developed based on the synthesized data. In the phase two, a panel of relevant experts and professionals reviewed and assessed the developed audit framework at three consensus meetings.

Results:

Areas of the CIPP model including context, input, process and products, have been addressed in the proposed model and also strengths of different models and necessary features have been taken into account. These features were improving culture of quality in the organization, improving intra organizational relationships and increasing the knowledge, creativity and accountability of the staff and faculty members. The model which named Audit and quality improvement cycle consists of six stages: 1) Developing audit plan 2) Performing educational audit 3) Analyzing the results and preparing audit report 4) Developing improvement plans 5) Performing interventions and 6) Analyzing the results after interventions.

Conclusion:

Educational audit, determines description of the current situation and the distance to the desirable conditions. Different interpretations of evaluation lead to the development of several models in this field. The proposed model which is based on an organizational approach, involves the cycle of comparing the current situation with the pre-defined standards and the complementary cycle of quality improvement for ensuring continues improvement and provides a comprehensive and applicable framework which can help the future researchers to evaluate educational departments .
54: EVALUATING THE EXTENT OF AJUMS LIBRARIANS AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARD EBL
Authors: Aghazadeh-Asl Ebrahim , Alavi Hoda , Soosani-Gharibvand Bahran , Momenzadeh Nazanin
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

evidence-based librarianship (EBL) is the incorporation of scientific research into the professional practices of librarianship. In other words, EBL attempts to apply the best existing evidence topromotelibrary services for patrons. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the awareness and attitude of librarians toward implementing EBL in their daily practice.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey and included all 50 Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences' librarians. Due to small size of the population, no statistical sample was established. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized for the survey and the face validity and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.75. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were used.

Results:

Most librarians (45 percent) had intermediate familiarity with the application of EBL. However, they had a positive attitude toward EBL and the majority of them acknowledged its implication in their job promotion. The major barriers to implementing EBL from librarians' viewpoint were lack of familiarity with the concept of EBL and the novelty of the subject (42 percent), Lack of access to some of the evidence-based resources (52 percent) and finally the large volume of information available in the medical field (42 percent).

Conclusion:

EBL skills such as information seeking skills need to be thought in order to enable librarians to better and faster serve their community according to the best evidence and latest findings in EBL.
64: EVIDENCE FOR WHAT KIND OF MEDICINE
Authors: Kazemi Abdolhassan
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Current modern Medicine has below characters.

–  Life medicalization

– Over life medicalization and consequently over-diagnosis, over-testing, over-treatment

–  Market Based Medicine

–  Disease Mongering

–  Wishful filling Medicine

Due to above characters some of famous scientists, researchers and clinicians have been postulated remarkable deviance about validity of current research in life sciences and medical sciences. These famous scientists and researchers have emphasis about research wastes under shadow of medical Empire; Market based Medicine, Diseases Mongering.

Methods:

According the idea and of course evidences of this group of scientists and researchers, drug and Medical devices companies activities for has been leads to wishful filling Medicine.

Results:

Based on mentioned frame and structure for current modern Medicine, all and whole aspects of medicine, compulsory, obligatory and automatically are under obey of medical Empire including drug and medical devices company, private hospitals, medical insurances, physician benefits and so on. Consequently the nature of global health system and Medicine and albeit evidences about these health system and Medicine is not in the frame of patient benefits and values.

Conclusion:

Patients and societies in this frame of Medicine, has not human dignity because they are not patient. They are customers, and their trafficking and money for health system is more important than their health and values.
71: HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS OR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS TREATMENT
Authors: Namdar Azam , Namdar Fatemeh , Naghizadeh Mohamad Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Modern societies include increasing proportions of elderly people, with a resulting increase in the incidence and duration of chronic illnesses. Quality of life (QOL) has recently been explored as one of the main outcomes of renal replacement therapy. Since Iran's policy is that patients on hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis driven, so in this study, we sought to compare two groups of patients hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) with regard to QOL in dialysis centers of Shiraz, Iran 2013, also QOL in patients undergoing (HD) and (PD) were compared with the QOL of Iranian society.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, QOL was analyzed in 35 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (Census sampling method) compared with 60 hemodialysis (HD) patients matched as closely as possible to the PD patients regarding age, gender, education, and occupation. All groups were asked to estimate their subjective QOL by responding to socio demographic data and the Short-form 36 (SF-36). Data were analyzed via SPSS21 software using descriptive and analytical statistics (Frequency, Percent, Mean and Standard Deviation, T-test, multivariate regression analysis and Chi-square) with regard to the significant level of 0.05.

Results:

The total sample of 95 patients consisted of 43 males (45.3%) and 52 females (54.7%), with a mean age of HD patients 54.9±14.9 and PD patients 52.6±15.5. Rating physical problems in HD group 1.75±7.99 and in PD group 27.94±38.32 there was a significant difference in the two groups (P<0.001). Total dimension of the physical QOL Under the influence of variables the type of dialysis (P<0.001) hypertension (P=0.043) and total dimension of the mental QOL Under the influence of variables the type of dialysis (P<0.001) hypertension (P=0.040) and age (P=0.024) were.

Conclusion:

Although the quality of life both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients was lower than the general population but in all aspects in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis had a better quality of life. So the health care team can use this information to education and encourage them to choose PD treatment efforts to extend patients' life satisfaction.
74: HOW CLINICAL LIBRARIAN ACTS IN EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Mojgan Zareivenovel , Abdlorasoul khosravi
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

The rapid growth and specialization in Medical Sciences increase the volume of information and therefore make physician problems and difficulty to access reliable information. Physicians can`t decide only according to self-knowledge, and should refer to the new texts and references. Clinical librarian role as a key chain in evidence-based medicine can`t be ignored. Clinical librarian at the hospital library works as a specialist and come to help physicians to carry out evidence-based medicine process in the shortest time and with the least effort. The aim of this study was clarify status and importance of the clinical librarian in the process of evidence-based medicine.

Methods:

This was a systematic study. Electronic databases such as clinical key, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Conference proceedings & abstract books, Hand searching, raw data from published trials and thesis were analyzed by keywords: medical librarian, clinical librarianship and informationist. The period which gather information was from 2000–2015 and 112 articles selected, finally 65 were chosen to considered according to inclusion criteria includes the role of medical librarian and article in English and Persian.

Results:

Clinical librarian Provide filtered information to clinician at the point of need to promote evidence-based health care. Moreover, overcome the time, cost and expertise barriers that clinicians face when they attempt to incorporate the best current evidence from the literature into their patient care decisions, enhance the educational experience of students and resident physicians in training. The position is helping physicians to make decisions based on evidence and access to reliable information is not well understood in our country. Evidence-Based Medicine and librarian in the modern era needs the help their.

Conclusion:

In the health sector, especially in hospital library, clinical librarian position in evidence-based practice is not well established and many studies must be done in this area in the future. Dissertation thesis will be done and Policies should be considered in this area. Clinical librarian in hospital libraries can be used as a key element in the process of evidence-based medicine.
84: IS HOSPITALIZATION RATE ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUALITY? A TIME-PERIOD STUDY IN THE LARGEST REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN NORTHWEST OF IRAN
Authors: Talebpour Amin , Ghogazadeh Morteza , Ghodrati Parisa , Rezaie Zohreh
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

The hospitalization rate differences between male and female patients could facilitate management of hospital wards and enhance their efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the association between sexuality and hospitalization rate by annual hospitalization statistics of one of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences hospitals according to hospitalization wards.

Methods:

A Cross-sectional study was conducted. All 30260 records of hospitalized patients of Imam Reza referral Hospital in 1393 included in the study. Data was extracted based on a checklist designed by authors. In order to determine the relations between the variables, Chi-Square test was applied and the P-value was considered less than 0.05. The obtained data were analyzed by software SPSS.16.

Results:

Of 30260 Cases, 52.26% were male and 47.73% were female. There was no significant difference among male and female hospitalized patients. The highest hospitalization rate for men was in the orthopedics ward with 20.04% (3302 of 16158 male patients) while it was 14.2% (3054 of 13877 female patients) for women in surgery ward. The least significant statistical difference between male and female hospitalization rates was observed in renal ward with 49.85% (683 patients) male and 50.15% (687 patients) female of total patients hospitalized in this ward. The significant statistical difference between male and female hospitalization rates was observed in orthopedic with 71.31% (3302 patients) male and 28.69% (1328 patients) female patients. Vice versa, in the thorax ward, 71.1% (1200 patients) were female and 28.9% (486 patients) were male patients.

Conclusion:

There was no any significant difference between male and female hospitalized patients expect 5 clinical wards including gastroenterology, thoracic surgery, orthopedics, trauma and urology. It seems that gender is in a direct association with these 5 disease type. This matter should be considered by policy makers and stakeholders.
90: METHODS OF ESTIMATING PRETEST PROBABILITY IN PRIMARY CARE SETTING
Authors: Pezeshki Mohammad Zakaria , Pezeshki Sina
Published: May 2024

Proper estimating of pretest probability (PTP) by primary care physicians is the main precondition for applying Evidence Based Medicine in clinical setting. PTP of a patient is not equal to the prevalence of the disease. Proper estimation of PTP depends on a valid history taking, physical examination and simple tests like urine analysis. In this review, the methods for estimating PTP will be discussed. These methods mainly include statistical modeling and using patients' data bank. The role of patients' signs and symptoms in calculating PTP is discussed. Researches regarding estimating pretest probability for acute appendicitis in patients with abdominal pain and estimating PTP for cancer in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules will be reviewed.
92: NECESSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR MEASURING E-HEALTH LITERACY
Authors: Kalankesh Leila Ranandeh , Khara Rouhallah
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

E-Health is considered as a new tool and approach for improving public health. However existence of the health digital divide among different groups of population can act as an obstacle for achieving its goals. Improving the e-Health literacy helps to reduce this gap. Prior to taking any action toward increasing e-health literacy, a comprehensive tool should be created and standardized for measuring it at national level. The aim of this study was to highlight the necessity of developing such a tool and to determine its dimensions.

Methods:

This study was conducted through systematic review. Search was carried out in WOS, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest databases through deploying keywords such as “scale”, “model instrument”, “health literacy”, “e-health literacy”, “tool”, “measure”, “questionnaire”, “Necessity” from 2000 to 2015. Information was extracted from papers using qualitative content analysis.

Results:

40 Paper was included for the final review in this study. The results showed lack of comprehensive and standardized tools to measure e-health literacy. Variety of existing e-health literacy definitions and structures seems to lead researchers toward designing different tools with distinct dimensions for measurement of e-health literacy. Comparative analysis of various aspects of existing tools revealed their similarities, differences and defects. Accordingly it is required to develop a comprehensive tool considering capabilities of existing tools, resolving their weaknesses and removing their defects.

Conclusion:

Comprehensive electronic health literacy tool is crucial to accurately determine health digital divide in the society. Development of such a tool is the first step toward promoting electronic health literacy and realizing electronics health goals.
93: NEW HORIZON IN THE TREATMENT OF SEPSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Authors: Mousavi Sarah , Mirzaie Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Despite great advancement in treatment of sepsis, mortality of sepsis remains unacceptably high, even with the modern antibiotic and intensive care technologies. Considering the key role of immune dysfunction in sepsis pathophysiology, different treatments were evaluated, but failed to improve survival of patients. Natural remedies have been tested in various studies to overcome sepsis. In this study, we aim to review some of the evidence from clinical, In vitro and In vivo studies about the effect of alternative medicine on sepsis management.

Methods:

The following databases were searched up to March 2014: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid and Google Scholar using combination of Mesh term. All in vitro and In Vivo studies also clinical trials published in English which evaluated alternative medicine in management of sepsis were included.

Results:

Out of 95 relevant studies, the inclusion criteria were met for 78 cases. Among them 18 studies were performed on humans. The most herbal medicine includingXubijing(N=10), and thenRhubarb(n=3). Most of the reviewed botanical medicines modulate immune system. Reduction of mortality also reported in studies.

Conclusion:

Modulation of immune system, anti-inflammatory activities and improvement of survival were the action of herbal medicine. A monovalent approach is not enough for treatment of sepsis, we recommend further studies to identifies active component of herbal and use them in combination. Also animal model of sepsis does not exactly mimic human sepsis, so more clinical studies should be performed. With no new drug on the horizon, herbal medicine will be promising for treatment of sepsis.
94: ONLINE MANAGEMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS: A SIMPLE METHOD FOR AWARENESS AND ACTIONS
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Farhangi Abbasaliza , Najafi Mahdi
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Metabolic syndrome is a major public health problem in worldwide and Iran. It is argued that metabolic syndrome is the most responsible risk factor for developing the disease People with metabolic syndrome has 1.5- to 3-fold increase in the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran is very high. Consistent with the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome include: Abdominal obesity determined by increased waist circumference, raised triglycerides, reduced HDL, elevated blood pressure, and raised plasma glucose. When 3 of 5 of the characteristics are present, a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome can be made. The internet is a relatively new and effective method of delivering strategies to detecting high risk people with metabolic syndrome and helps them adopt healthy behavior. The aim of study is delivering an online interactive method for metabolic syndrome detection among general population in Tehran.

Methods:

The study web page (http://www.Heartresearch.ir) is designed in order to increase awareness of visitors about prevention of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome risk factors. Metabolic syndrome components are designed and implement on the study Homepage as interactive calculator tool. Users could use the calculator tool then receive their own risk signs and feedback about each risk factor for metabolic syndrome that they have. Participants were invited for clinical assessments of metabolic syndrome in Tehran Heart Center.

Results:

In total, 1,437 individuals registered on the study website. Of these, 815 records were excluded because registrants were living outside Tehran (n=356), had a waist circumference <90 cm (n=392), or had incomplete information (no telephone number; n= 67). In total, 317 individuals were invited to clinical assessments. Of these, 229 were able to attend clinical assessments and were scheduled for a baseline visit, finally 171 had metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion:

Effective and affordable strategies to control the syndrome could benefit the at risk population. The integration of interactive e-health programs to primary health care practices such as prevention of cardiovascular risk factors offers possibilities for on- time interaction with the target group. The use of web-based approaches is a great interest in the management of patients at high cardiovascular risk, especially in a scenario where the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is increasing.
95: PERSONALITY AND CREDIBILITY EVALUATION: ONLINE HEALTH INFORMATION FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF EXPERT USERS
Authors: Keshavarz Hamid , Shabani Ali , Talemi Fatemeh Sedigh
Published: May 2024

Regarding the high importance of credibility evaluation of health information online in every day and career life, the current research aimed to explore how expert users including students and faculty members evaluate health information on the web especially with regard to their personality trait of conscientiousness. By considering the extensive body of literature and research methodologies, a random sample including 148 students and faculty members located at the two faculties of Medicine Sciences and Nursing and Midwife at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences was the population of the study. Two validated questionnaires related to credibility and conscientiousness was distributed among the participants. Gathered data were then analyzed by SPSS software. Data analysis showed that there existed some problems in evaluating the credibility of online health information and quick retrieval. About half of the participants evaluate web health information as credible often and very often. Most important quality assessment criteria were objectivity, currency, and authority. There was a significant correlation between conscientiousness and credibility assessment of the students and faculty members. There appears a change in trust to information found accord with the change in conscientiousness levels. There was no significant correlation between conscientiousness and trust to information among ill people. Quality and credibility were identified as most important problems in assessing health information on the web. There is a significant and meaningful correlation between conscientiousness and trust or mistrust to health information available via the web.
98: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO BIOLOGY STUDY OFSATUREJA KHUZESTANICA JAMZADESSENTIAL OIL-LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Rashidipour Marzieh
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

Complimentary medicine plant an important role in treatment of disease because of variety of usefulness.Satureja khuzestanica Jamzadis one of the plants which is used to make nanoparticles.this study aims in Preparation, characterization and in vitro biology study ofSatureja khuzestanica Jamzadessential oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.

Method:

The fabrication ofSatureja khuzestanica Jamzaessential oil (SKE) -loaded chitosan nanoparticles was achieved by a two-step method: oil-in water emulsion and ionic gelation of chitosan with pentasodium tripolyphosphate.

Results:

The obtained particles possessed encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) in the ranges of 13–30% and 3–11.2%, respectively, when the initial carvacrol content was 1–2% of chitosan. The individual particles exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 185.5 nm, and a positively charged surface with a zeta potential value of −24.3 mV. The increment of initial carvacrol content caused a reduction of surface charge. SKE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus,S. epidermidisandS. agalactiae, E. faecalis,L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. typhi,S. paratyphi,S. enterica, with an MIC of 62.5, 15.6, 125, 15.6, 7.8, 62.5, 7.8, 15.6, 500 µg/mL, respectively. Skin inflammation was induced in the right hind paw of rats by the topical application of 2 mg/paw of carrageenan dissolved in 0.2 ml of 0.9% saline solution. The anti-inflammatory effect of the SKE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (25, 50,100 mg/kg) were compared to diclofenac sodium (200mg/kg). SKE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) produced significant anti-inflammatory effect (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The findings from our present study suggest that SKE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. SKE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles could serve a potential novel compounds effective in inflammatory and antibacterial conditions.
10 ’Thinking about you and your loved one’: session developed to support mnd carers in wales as part of the marie curie caring for carers initiative in wales
Authors: Court Susan S
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sessions were designed around the practical information and emotional support needs of carers looking after relatives or friends living with MND.

More than half (56%) of MND carers spend more than 100 hours every week on their caring role.1

Aim and method

To provide tailored support, information and advice, leading to clear improvements in well-being for carers.

Our approach was to provide a safe, supportive environment to enable carers to learn and develop useful coping strategies for their futures.

Experienced facilitation allowed conversations the space to emerge and voices to be heard. Attention was focused on a need to pace the flow of information to the responses and individual carer inputs as well as emerging dialogue from group discussions.

Results

45 carers attended sessions in 2015, 2016 and 2017.

• 80% of carers reported a large improvement in their ability to cope with carin with reduced levels of anxiety

• 65% of carers reported some improvement in their levels of isolation and overall health

• 95% of carers reported a positive change in their level of confidence as a carer

• 75% of carers reported a positive change in their knowledge in what improves the wellbeing of the cared for.

• 100% of carers reported that they would beExtremely LikelyorLikelyto recommend sessions to friends and family members in a similar position.

Conclusion

We were interested in whether, having participated in sessions, there had been any change in carer’s confidence, knowledge or understanding of the various issues surrounding caring for a loved one.

Evidence supported significant positive change.

Reference

. Fitzgerald S.Experiences and views of carers of people living with MND - Findings of the MND Association Carers Survey2015.
16 The significance of intimate relationships at end of life: experiences of young adults with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions
Authors: Earle Sarah , Blackburn Maddie , Cooke Alison
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Until relatively recently, children and young people with life-limiting and/or life-threatening conditions (LLTCs) were not expected to live into adulthood. Today there are approximately 55 000 people with a LLTC living in the UK (Norman & Fraser 2014). Given its demographic infancy, very little empirical work has been carried out with this population and even less is known about the needs and expectations of young people with LLTCs on sex and relationships.

Aim

The project aimed to explore the significance of intimate relationships for young adults with LLTCs focusing, in particular, on the impact of this on their sense of wellbeing.

Method

The study was carried out within a qualitative framework. Twelve participants were recruited to the project via a network of hospices and organisations that support young adults with LLTCs in England. Three focus groups were held in April 2017. The focus groups were hosted by two hospices and one organisation that provide support to young people with LLTCs.

Results

A thematic analysis of the focus group data highlighted three themes relating to the significance of intimate relationships for young adults with LLTCs. These are: (1) intimate relationships as rite of passage; (2) the significance of intimate relationships on happiness and wellbeing, and (3) social isolation and participatory barriers.

Conclusion

Young adults with LLTCs experience a combination of social exclusion and social isolation which impacts on their participatory opportunities. This lack of participatory opportunity subsequently impedes their ability to form meaningful, intimate relationships that could contribute to happiness and enhance wellbeing.

Reference

. Norman P, Fraser L. Prevalence of life-limiting conditions in children and young people in England: Time trends by area type. Health and Place2014;26:171–179. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.01.002.
20 Implementation of music therapy in an inpatient hospice setting: a realist evaluation
Authors: Graham-Wisener Lisa , McConnell Tracey , Porter Sam , Kirkwood Jenny , Clarke Mike , Regan Joan , McKeown Miriam , McGrillen Kerry , Hughes Naomi , Reid Joanne
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Music therapy is becoming increasingly common as an adjunct therapy to support symptom management in palliative care settings. There is a small but promising research body identifying the effect of music therapy on patient reported outcomes, including health related quality of life. However, studies to date have paid little attention to the processes which lead to these changes in patient outcomes.

Aims

To explore the processes involved in the implementation of music therapy as part of a feasibility randomised control trial to an inpatient specialist palliative care setting in the United Kingdom.

Methods

A realist evaluation approach was used. A mixed-methods qualitative approach involved three focus groups with a range of healthcare professionals (n=19) and a music therapist in addition to an analysis of open-text in a quality of life questionnaire with patients (n=11).

Results

Music therapy contains multiple mechanisms that can provide physical, psychological, emotional, expressive, existential and social support. There is also evidence that the hospice context, instilled by a holistic approach to health care, is an important facilitator of the effects of music therapy. Examination of patients’ responses helped identify specific benefits for patients with particular characteristics.

Conclusions

There is a synergy between the therapeutic aims of music therapy and those of palliative care, which appealed to a significant proportion of participants, who perceived it as effective.
36 Together to care
Authors: Reed Elizabeth , Berg Jane , Spencer Lesley
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Although many care homes are committed to providing good quality end of life care, in reality a significant number of Nursing Home (NH) residents die in hospital after emergency admission hours or days before their death.

To provide more coordinated services for dying people and their families, the hospice in partnership with a NH developed a six month project with the NH providing 2 palliative care beds and in return for a comprehensive training package in end of life care.

Research aim

Assess the impact of the educational intervention on NH staff and therefore their confidence and competence in caring for residents at the end of life.

Methods

A longitudinal mixed method approach using 3 methods at baseline, 3 and 6 months:

1. A survey to all NH staff incorporating a self-efficacy palliative care scale (SEPC) to rate confidence on a 10 point Likert scale (Mason and Ellershaw, 2004).

2. Pre and post intervention semi-structured interviews with the staff participating in the T2C educational intervention.

3. Focus group of hospice staff 6 months post T2C educational intervention.

Results

At 6 months confidence increased and was sustained in all aspects of end of life care but most markedly in communication and symptom control. Confidence decreased in NH staff not undertaking the education intervention indicating work to do in peer learning.

Conclusion

A palliative care educational intervention can increase confidence and competence in NH staff to care for residents in a NH so reduce risk of unplanned hospital admission.

Reference

. Mason, S. Ellershaw, J. Assessing undergraduate palliative care education: validity and reliability of two scales examining perceived efficacy and outcome expectancies in palliative care. Medical Education2004;38:1103–1110
39 A qualitative study of family carer’s attitudes towards agitation in people with moderate/severe dementia
Authors: Stringer Aisling , Pritty Elizabeth , Laybourne Anne , Frenais Francesca La , Higgins Shanlee , Doyle Mary-Jo , Leavey Gerry , Livingston Gill , Sampson Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Background

People with severe dementia are often cared for at the end of life in nursing homes or acute hospital wards. In these circumstances, symptoms of agitation such as shouting, aggression, and restlessness are common. Agitation is distressing for the person with dementia and paid and family carers, and it is associated with poorer quality of life. Little is known about the attitudes that family carers have towards agitation in severe dementia. Such attitudes are important because they contribute to the personhood and quality of life of the person living with dementia.

Aims

To develop knowledge of the attitudes, explanatory models, and coping strategies of family carers around agitation in people with dementia receiving end of life care in hospitals or nursing homes.

Methods

Across two acute hospital and two nursing home sites, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eight family carers of people with a clinical dementia rating of 2 or 3 (moderate/severe). Interview transcripts were open coded by two researchers. Using an iterative process, our open coding was developed into key themes related to explanatory models and coping strategies.

Results

Preliminary analysis showed that agitation was often attributed to disease pathology rather than the individual. Coping strategies included limiting visits to times when the person with dementia was unlikely to be agitated.

Conclusion

Family carers see agitation in people with severe dementia at the end of life as a part of their illness and separate to their personal identity. This functioned as a means of preserving the individual’s personhood.
4 Quality of life assessment in palliative care day services
Authors: Armstrong Mary , Dempster Martin , Donnelly Michael , McCorry Noleen , Graham Lisa
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The outcome measure used to assess Quality of Life (QoL) can have a crucial effect on the interpretation of any findings in palliative care.

Aims

To compare the sensitivity to change of the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighing (SEIQol-DW), the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) among patients receiving Palliative Care Day Services (PCDS).

Methods

Patients were recruited from PCDS. The same questionnaires were administered at 2 time points, approximately 3 weeks apart. A measure of dependency (the Barthel Index) was used to determine whether patients remain stable/deteriorate over time.

Analysis

Standardised response mean (SRM) was used to determine the relative sensitivity of each instrument for those patients who had changed in their Barthel scores (Garratt et al 1994).

Results

Forty four patients (median 69 years, range 49–86) were recruited. Follow-up data was obtained from 25 (56.8%) patients. Of these 25 patients, 14 (56%) patients changed according to the Barthel Index with 7 (50%) patients defined as increased dependency.

The responsiveness of the SEIQoL-DW was larger than those of the other questionnaires (SRM=0.73) for those patients who showed an increased dependency over time. The SF-36 Bodily Pain subscale demonstrated a larger responsiveness than the other questionnaires (SRM=0.82) for those patients who showed a decrease dependency over time.

Conclusions

The SEIQoL appears to be a good outcome measure for charting the progress of patients who are deteriorating over time. However none of the questionnaires were particularly good at demonstrating improvements over time.

Reference

1. Garratt AM, Ruta DA, Abdalla MI, Russell IT. SF-36 health survey questionnaire: II. Responsiveness to changes in health status in four common clinical conditions. Quality in Health Care1994;3:186–192.