bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of microthread design on the preservation of marginal bone around immediately placed implants: a 5-years prospective cohort study
Authors: Aslroosta Hoori , Akbari Solmaz , Naddafpour Nima , Adnaninia Seyed Taha , Khorsand Afshin , Namadmalian Esfahani Niusha
Published: October 2021

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the microthread design at the implant neck on the preservation of marginal bone around immediately-placed implants in a 5-year follow up.

Methods

Thirty patients received 41 immediately placed implants which were randomly assigned to treatment groups with microthreaded implants (test group, n = 22) or threaded implants (control group, n = 19). Clinical and radiographic analyses were carried out after 1 and5 years. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth and marginal bone loss were subject to evaluations. The results were analyzed with the T-test, Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

No implants failed; thirty-five implants (in 27 patients); 21 microthreaded and 14 threaded implants; completed the 5 year follow up. The mean values of the marginal bone loss in microthreaded and threaded groups were 1.12 ± 0.95 mm and 0.87 ± 0.78 mm, respectively during an observation period of 70.9 ± 10.4 months; the differences in marginal bone loss and other pre-implant parameters were not significant between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both implant designs showed acceptable results in terms of the clinical parameters and marginal bone level. Within the limitation of this study, the results did not demonstrate any superiority of the microthread design compared to threaded one in marginal bone preservation around immediately placed implants over 5 years of loading.
Paradox of trimethylamine-N-oxide, the impact of malnutrition on microbiota-derived metabolites and septic patients
Authors: Chou Ruey-Hsing , Wu Po-Shan , Wang Shen-Chih , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Lu Shu-Fen , Lien Ru-Yu , Tsai Yi-Lin , Lu Ya-Wen , Kuo Ming-Ren , Guo Jiun-Yu , Chou Ruey-Yi , Huang Po-Hsun , Lin Shing-Jong
Published: October 2021

Background

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbiota-derived metabolite, which is linked to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in cardiovascular (CV) diseases. But its effect in infectious diseases remains unclear. We conducted a single-center prospective study to investigate association of TMAO with in-hospital mortality in septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Totally 95 septic, mechanically ventilated patients were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained within 24 h after ICU admission, and plasma TMAO concentrations were determined. Septic patients were grouped into tertiles according to TMAO concentration. The primary outcome was in-hospital death, which further classified as CV and non-CV death. Besides, we also compared the TMAO concentrations of septic patients with 129 non-septic patients who were admitted for elective coronary angiography (CAG).

Results

Septic patients had significantly lower plasma TMAO levels than did subjects admitted for CAG (1.0 vs. 3.0 μmol/L, p < 0.001). Septic patients in the lowest TMAO tertile (< 0.4 μmol/L) had poorer nutrition status and were given longer antibiotic courses before ICU admission. Circulating TMAO levels correlated positively with daily energy intake, the albumin and prealbumin concentration. Compared with those in the highest TMAO tertile, septic patients in the lowest TMAO tertile were at greater risk of non-CV death (hazard ratio 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.21–5.24, p = 0.014). However, TMAO concentration was no longer an independent predictor for non-CV death after adjustment for disease severity and nutritional status.

Conclusion

Plasma TMAO concentration was inversely associated with non-CV death among extremely ill septic patients, which could be characterized as TMAO paradox. For septic patients, the impact of malnutrition reflected by circulating TMAO levels was greater than its pro-inflammatory nature.
Acoustic correction factor estimate for compensating vertical diel migration of small pelagics
Authors: BONANNO ANGELO , BARRA MARCO , DE FELICE ANDREA , GIANNOULAKI MARIANNA , IGLESIAS MAGDALENA , LEONORI IOLE , VENTERO ANA , ARONICA SALVATORE , BIAGIOTTI ILARIA , TIČINA VJEKOSLAV , CANDUCI GIOVANNI , GENOVESE SIMONA
Published: October 2021

Differences in acoustic estimates of small pelagic fish biomass, due to data acquisition during daytime and nighttime surveys, have been recognized for many years as a problem in acoustic surveys. In the absence of a single rule for all species and for all locations, some expert groups identified specific time intervals for acoustic data acquisition in relation to the schooling behavior of the target species. In the Mediterranean Sea, the research groups working in the MEDIAS (Mediterranean International Acoustic Survey) agreed on the importance that acoustic sampling are conducted only during day-time. Only when available time does not permit to complete the survey during daytime, data collection might be extended. In this case, working on data collected during both daytime and nighttime, a bias may occur in the biomass estimates. In order to evaluate and correct such bias, specific experiments were performed in some geographical sub-areas of the Mediterranean Sea. The data analysis allowed the estimation of a mean correction factor for the Strait of Sicily, where five surveys were carried out in different years. The correction factor was estimated also for the Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea and Northern Spain; the observed variability among areas highlighted the importance of the spatial and temporal coverage of the survey area in order to obtain reliable estimates of the correction factor. Further studies are necessary to improve the interpretation of the obtained estimates in relation to area-related peculiarities such as zooplankton composition and abundance along with small pelagic fish community structure.
First report of an aegagropilous form of Cladophora prolifera (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from the lagoon of Strunjan (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic)
Authors: BATTELLI CLAUDIO , LELIAERT FREDERIK
Published: October 2021

The occurrence of unattached spherical (aegagropilous) populations of the green alga Cladophora prolifera in the marine lagoon of Strunjan (Gulf of Trieste) is reported. Species identification was based on molecular and morphological data, and the distribution, ecology and morphological features of the aegagropilous populations are described. The ball-shaped form of this species differs from the typical upright attached form found on open shores by the radial arrangement of the branches and the absence of cells and rhizoids with clear annular constrictions. The formation of the aegagropilous form of C. prolifera likely results from specific hydrodynamic conditions in the human-mediated environment of the marine lagoon, in combination with morphological development of the species. The Strunjan marine lagoon appears to be the only location in the Mediterranean Sea, or even worldwide, where aegagropilous forms of C. prolifera occur in large abundance. Based on the high associated biodiversity, we propose the inclusion of these populations to be considered in conservation management plans in the area.
Sławna pielgrzymka do Jerozolimy ciągnąca się przez trzy znakomitsze części świata
Authors: Wolski Tomasz Stanisław
Published: October 2021

The Polish translation of the Latin description of the journey by Tomasz Stanisław Wolski (born 1700, died probably after 1766) was based on the printed version of his account ("Illustris Peregrinatio Ierosolimitana latius protracta per tres insigniores mundi partes...,"), which first appeared in print in 1737 in Lwów, and then it was published three more times: in 1748, 1764, and 1766. Wolski came from the Sieradz Voivodeship nobility, and it is known that he was born in Uniejów. The source presents a brief outline of the author's life until 1725, and more extensive descriptions of his travels abroad from 1724 to 1731. First, in 1724-1725, he travelled to Italy, then he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and Egypt in 1725-1726. In 1728, he travelled to France and England. Finally, in 1729-1731, he gave an account of his journey through several cities in Italy, the Aegean Sea and Istanbul, from where he returned to Poland. He also recorded his next journey to Vienna and Rome, and then back to Vienna. Wolski's narrative is an example of travel prose of the 18th century, a typical Old Polish account of a journey. It contains many interesting descriptions of events, including sensational threads and observations made about people encountered along the way. The author presented a lot of information about sailing in the Mediterranean Sea and the hardships encountered by travellers in the Holy Land. His book also provides a lot of information on religious issues in the places visited around Europe and the Middle East.
Branch-and-Bound for Biobjective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Adelgren Nathan , Gupte Akshay
Published: October 2021

We present a generic branch-and-bound algorithm for finding all the Pareto solutions of a biobjective mixed-integer linear program. The main contributions are new algorithms for obtaining dual bounds at a node, checking node fathoming, presolve, and duality gap measurement. Our branch-and-bound is predominantly a decision space search method because the branching is performed on the decision variables, akin to single objective problems, although we also sometimes split gaps and branch in the objective space. The various algorithms are implemented using a data structure for storing Pareto sets. Computational experiments are carried out on literature instances and on a new set of instances that we generate using a benchmark library (MIPLIB2017) for single objective problems. We also perform comparisons against the triangle splitting method from literature, which is an objective space search algorithm.

Summary of Contribution: Biobjective mixed-integer optimization problems have two linear objectives and a mixed-integer feasible region. Such problems have many applications in operations research, because many real-world optimization problems naturally comprise two conflicting objectives to optimize or can be approximated in such a manner and are even harder than single objective mixed-integer programs. Solving them exactly requires the computation of all the nondominated solutions in the objective space, whereas some applications may also require finding at least one solution in the decision space corresponding to each nondominated solution. This paper provides an exact algorithm for solving these problems using the branch-and-bound method, which works predominantly in the decision space. Of the many ingredients of this algorithm, some parts are direct extensions of the single-objective version, but the main parts are newly designed algorithms to handle the distinct challenges of optimizing over two objectives. The goal of this study is to improve solution quality and speed and show that decision-space algorithms perform comparably to, and sometimes better than, algorithms that work mainly in the objective-space.
Launching a pilot for a self-monitoring app for people living with heart failure: a nurse's experience
Authors: Welch Mandie
Published: October 2021

As nurses worldwide grapple with changes to their roles and practice as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Mandie Welch shares her team's involvement with a 3-month pilot for an innovative app for people with heart failure
Journal scan
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: October 2021

A brief overview of recently published articles on gastroenterology, hepatology and stoma care
Evaluation of habitual sleep and factors influencing it in patients awaiting acute or planned abdominal surgery
Authors: Petersen Marian Christin , Gögenur Ismail
Published: October 2021

Background and aims:

This study aimed to clarify the incidence and severity of habitual sleep disturbances in patients undergoing surgery.

Methods:

A survey was conducted to collect data in a cohort of patients awaiting abdominal surgery. The Insomnia Severity Index score was used as primary measurement, while the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were used as secondary measurements.

Findings:

Overall, 119 patients were included in the analysis. The habitual sleep in the study cohort revealed high incidence of sleep difficulties and insomnia. Female sex and incidence of anxiety and depression were significantly related to all three scores, while age and employment were associated with Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index scores, respectively.

Conclusions:

Female sex, experiencing depression or anxiety had severe negative impact on sleep in patients scheduled for elective or planned surgery. The prevalence of sleep problems in patients should be considered for optimising sleep to improve rehabilitation and reduce stress associated with surgery.
Educación artística y alfabetización audiovisual: Del collar de macarrones al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico a partir de "Malamente"
Authors: Vaquero Carmen
Published: October 2021

El artículo que se presenta propone la necesidad de invertir la visión estereotipada y obsoleta sobre la Educación Artística con la que el alumnado accede al grado en Educación Primaria, a través de la inclusión en el aula de la cultura audiovisual en general y de textos audiovisuales concretos para su deconstrucción y la experimentación activa, crítica y colectiva mediante la producción de alternativas artísticas. Para ello, tras la fundamentación teórica, la investigación plantea el análisis de la experiencia formativa desarrollada en la asignatura Educación en Artes Plásticas y Visuales del grado en Educación Primaria en el seno del Proyecto Malamente que, usando como detonante dicho videoclip, ahonda en las concepciones importadas por nuestro alumnado sobre cuestiones de repercusión social que demandan un proceso de análisis y de posicionamiento consciente en la formación de maestros y maestras. De este modo, el proceso de alfabetización audiovisual se favorece desde la práctica performativa y culmina con la generación de un contradiscurso artístico y, por lo tanto, consciente y crítico, que propicia la propia alfabetización artística. La investigación opta por una metodología cualitativa y artística que aborda de forma experimental la metodología de investigación narrativo-artística.
Libro: Aprender a enseñar matemáticas en educación primaria
Authors: Hidalgo Moncada Diana
Published: October 2021

Considerando que aprender a enseñar matemáticas no es tarea fácil, dicha práctica debe ser un objetivo sistemático y constante de todo profesor, más aún si hablamos de los diversos procesos matemáticos que se deben desarrollar en la educación primaria, como el razonamiento, las representaciones, la resolución de problemas, las conexiones, entre otros. El libro Aprender a Enseñar Matemáticas en Educación Primaria aborda los distintos tipos de pensamiento matemático y cómo promoverlos en el aula de primaria desde una mirada competencial y centrada en el alumno. El texto da una mirada a cada área del currículo de primaria, como los números naturales, las fracciones, el azar y la estadística, el concepto de medida y la geometría. En cada uno de ellos se detallan ciertos aspectos teóricos y se entregan diversas directrices para llevar a cabo actividades idóneas, como también se muestran ejemplos de aulas de los propios autores que han tenido resultados exitosos. Adicionalmente, se habla de la importancia de la presencia de  errores en los procesos de comprensión de cada contenido matemático.
Aprender y crecer con STEAM: una experiencia de diseño en el jardín de infancia
Authors: Martins Diana Filipa da Costa , Mesquita Nídia Alexandra Pereira , Gamboa Maria José Nascimento Silva
Published: October 2021

Teniendo presente la función social de la educación y la necesidad de un enfoque pedagógico integrado en la educación preescolar en acorde con un desarrollo integral y holístico del niño, presentamos un proyecto de intervención educativa, construido y dinamizado en el marco de la formación inicial y profesionalización de educadores infantiles. El proyecto - Vamos a descubrir Príncipes y Princesas... Castillos y Dragones - se basa en una pedagogía infantil que valoriza la primacía de la voz del niño, constructora activa de su recorrido de aprendizaje, pensada en una dinámica de (ínter)acción integradora centrada en el enfoque STEAM. El estudio llevado a cabo adoptó la forma de un estudio de caso y los datos recogidos permiten reconocer las contribuciones del proyecto anclado en la pedagogía STEAM para el aprendizaje de los niños y para una acción reflexiva de fuerte carácter formativo para las educadoras involucradas.
STEAM en Educación Infantil. Una visión desde las matemáticas
Authors: Prat Moratonas Montserrat , Sellas Ayats Isabel
Published: October 2021

Este artículo revisa diferentes propuestas STEAM para Educación Infantil, con el objetivo de analizar el papel que juegan en ellas las matemáticas. Se organizan las propuestas en tres grupos de actividades: las que ponen el foco en el pensamiento computacional, las que ponen el foco en la construcción y la experimentación, y finalmente, el grupo de propuestas con el foco en el “hazlo tú mismo”. El análisis de estas actividades STEAM permite constatar que las matemáticas pueden jugar un papel instrumental o central, de manera similar al papel que desarrollan las matemáticas en la vida cotidiana. En todas las actividades STEAM examinadas tienen una importancia central tanto las capacidades matemáticas propias de Educación Infantil: identificar, comparar, clasificar, ordenar, entre otras; como los procesos matemáticos: resolución de problemas, representación, comunicación, conexiones y razonamiento. No obstante, la presencia de las matemáticas en las propuestas STEAM no asegura que el aprendizaje matemático se produzca de manera efectiva, pues este dependerá de la gestión que el adulto desempeñe mientras se realiza la actividad. Así, concluimos que, si queremos que las actividades STEAM produzcan el aprendizaje matemático esperado, debemos formar a los docentes para asegurar que sepan acompañar debidamente a sus alumnos en este proceso.
Transição tecnológica no polígono do agrohidronegócio canavieiro e os impactos sobre o trabaho
Authors: Bento Fredi dos Santos , Junior Antonio Thomaz
Published: October 2021

Ainda que o século XXI não tenha começado, torna-se cada vez mais ofensivo para o capital ou para o trabalho, devido à necessidade de acumulação / reprodução insaciável. No Brasil, entre as várias formas de personificação desse modelo de sociedade, destacamos a agro-agricultura Canavieiro, que, sob a prerrogativa do discurso falacioso do desenvolvimento nacional, social, sustentável etc., omite sua face perversa para acontecer ou para acontecer. Respeitar as condições de vida (Trabalho, saúde) de dois trabalhadores, das comunidades vizinhas a alcançariririram, bem como sociedade corporativa, ou meio ambiente, devido à fúria expansionista e destrutiva do capital, para a qual indicamos especificamente degradação sistêmica em relação ao trabalho, não Polígono Agrohidronegócio.Você promove nossa mecanização, certos efeitos da terceirização total, perda de diretivas,
Los extractivismos más allá del territorio: Una lectura a las relaciones socioespaciales de la industria del gas natural en Perú
Authors: Irarrazaval Felipe
Published: October 2021

La literatura Latinoamericana sobre extractivismo ha evidenciado las contradicciones espaciales de los modelos de desarrollo basados en la apropiación intensiva y extensiva de recursos naturales. La categoría de análisis espacial que han primado ha sido el territorio, en la cual se contiene al estado nacional, como articulador del modelo de desarrollo, y la local, para conceptualizar los proyectos y prácticas de gobernanza de la naturaleza de tipo comunitaria. Si bien estas categorías han permitido valorizar la dimensión territorial, existen diversos procesos socioespaciales que estructuran el andamiaje espacial del extractivismo que requieren de una lectura espacial dinámica y relacional. El presente artículo contribuye en esa dirección analizando las dinámicas socioespaciales que configuran a la industria de hidrocarburos en Perú, específicamente las interacciones entre redes de producción y sus anclajes espaciales, y las relaciones escalares del poder del estado.
Improving the accuracy of distance measurements based on beat frequency detection of a dual-frequency optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Yang Bo , Yu Jiwen , Chi Hao , Yang Shuna , Ou Jun , Zhai Yanrong
Published: October 2021

A high-accuracy distance measurements (DMs) approach based on beat frequency detection of a dual-frequency optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The dual-frequency OEO is formed with a single electro-optical modulator and a common length of energy storage fiber, and the beat frequency of the two oscillation signals can be directly achieved after a photodetector. Since the environmental disturbance has the same influence on the lengths of the two loops corresponding to the two oscillation frequencies, the environmental disturbance errors can be greatly reduced by beat frequency detection. In the experiment, we achieved a sensitivity of 49.9375 kHz/mm and a measurement error of

±
15

µ

m

. The frequency stability of the beat-frequency signal was 8.57 times higher than the oscillation signal of the measurement loop.
Does proximity to conflict affect tourism: Evidence from NATO bombing
Authors: Tkalec Marina , Žilić Ivan
Published: October 2021

Although conflict, war, violence, and terrorism affect tourism, research that identifies possible channels of these effects is scarce. We explore if the adverse effects are channelled through proximity to conflict areas. We use the conflict in Kosovo in 1999 and the country Croatia as a quasi-natural experiment and take advantage of the specific north-west to south-east orientation of Croatian Adriatic counties to identify the effect of NATO bombing in Kosovo on tourism outcomes as well as the potential proximity channel. Using data on the population of Croatian firms and the difference-in-differences identification strategy we find that tourism companies’ revenues decreased significantly due to NATO bombing, especially in accommodation services and in companies with 50 or more employees. However, using a synthetic control approach we find that the adverse effect is only transitory. Analysing heterogeneous effects with respect to the distance of the firm from Kosovo—using a linear and a more flexible model—we find compelling evidence that within-country proximity to conflict is not a significant channel through which the negative effect propagates.
Barriers to getting into postgraduate specialty training for junior Australian doctors: An interview-based study
Authors: O’Sullivan Belinda , McGrail Matthew , Gurney Tiana , Martin Priya
Published: October 2021

Background

Medical training is a long process that is not complete until doctors finish specialty training. Getting into specialty training is challenging because of strong competition for limited places, depending on doctors’ chosen field. This may have a negative impact on doctor well-being and reduce the efficiency of the medical training system. This study explored the barriers of pre-registrar (junior) doctors getting into specialty training programs to inform tailored support and re-design of speciality entry systems.

Methods

From March to October 2019, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with early-career doctors in Australia, who had chosen their specialty field, and were either seeking entry, currently undertaking or had recently completed various fields of specialty training. We sought reflections about barriers and major influences to getting into specialty training. In comparing and contrasting generated themes, different patterns emerged from doctors targeting traditionally non-competitive specialty fields like General Practice (GP) and other specialties (typically more competitive fields). As a result we explored the data in this dichotomy.

Results

Doctors targeting entry to GP specialties had relatively seamless training entry and few specific barriers. In contrast, those pursuing other specialties, regardless of which ones, relayed multiple barriers of: Navigating an unpredictable and complex system with informal support/guidance; Connecting to the right people/networks for relevant experience; Pro-actively planning and differentiating skills with recurrent failure of applications.

Conclusions

Our exploratory study suggests that doctors wanting to get into non-GP specialty training may experience strong barriers, potentially over multiple years, with the capacity to threaten their morale and resilience. These could be addressed by a clearinghouse of information about different speciality programs, broader selection criteria, feedback on applications and more formal guidance and professional supports. The absence of challenges identified for doctors seeking entry to GP could be used to promote increased uptake of GP careers.
Clinical and biological correlates of morning serum cortisol in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Martens Anton , Duran Bünyamin , Vanbesien Jesse , Verheyden Stephanie , Rutteman Bart , Staels Willem , Anckaert Ellen , Gies Inge , De Schepper Jean
Published: October 2021

Background and aim

A fraction of children with obesity have increased serum cortisol levels. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of obese children and adolescents with elevated morning serum cortisol levels and the relationship between the cortisol levels and components of the metabolic syndrome.

Methods

Retrospective medical record review study of children aged 4 to 18 years with overweight or obesity seen for obesity management in the Pediatric Obesity Clinic of the UZ Brussel between 2013 and 2015.

Results

A total of 234 children (99 boys and 135 girls) with overweight (BMI z-score > 1.3) without underlying endocrine or genetic conditions were included. Mean (SD) age was 10.1 (2.8) years, BMI SD-score 2.5 (0.6), and body fat percentage 37% (7.9). Serum fasting cortisol levels were elevated (>180 μg/L) in 49 children, normal (62–180 μg/L) in 168, and decreased (<62 μg/L) in 12. Serum fasting cortisol was not significantly correlated with gender, age, or degree of adiposity. But correlated significantly with fasting glucose (Rs = 0.193; p < 0.005), triglycerides (Rs = 0. 143; p < 0.05), fibrinogen (Rs = 0.144; p < 0.05) and leptin levels (Rs = 0.145; p < 0.05). After adjustment for serum insulin and leptin, the correlation between serum cortisol and fasting glucose remained significant.

Conclusion

Elevated morning serum cortisol levels were found in 20% of overweight or obese children and adolescents, irrespective of the degree of adiposity, and were associated with higher fasting glucose, irrespective of underlying insulin resistance. The long-term cardiometabolic consequences of hypercortisolemia in childhood obesity needs further study.
Feasibility of CPAP application and variables related to worsening of respiratory failure in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Experience of a tertiary care centre
Authors: Faverio Paola , Ornaghi Sara , Stainer Anna , Invernizzi Francesca , Borelli Mara , Brunetti Federica , La Milia Laura , Paolini Valentina , Rona Roberto , Foti Giuseppe , Luppi Fabrizio , Vergani Patrizia , Pesci Alberto
Published: October 2021

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been successfully applied to patients with COVID-19 to prevent endotracheal intubation. However, experience of CPAP application in pregnant women with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is scarce. This study aimed to describe the natural history and outcome of ARF in a cohort of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, focusing on the feasibility of helmet CPAP (h-CPAP) application and the variables related to ARF worsening. A retrospective, observational study enrolling 41 consecutive pregnant women hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a tertiary care center between March 2020 and March 2021. h-CPAP was applied if arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) was inferior to 200 and/or patients had respiratory distress despite adequate oxygen supplementation. Characteristics of patients requiring h-CPAP vs those in room air or oxygen only were compared. Twenty-seven (66%) patients showed hypoxemic ARF requiring oxygen supplementation and h-CPAP was needed in 10 cases (24%). PaO2/FiO2 was significantly improved during h-CPAP application. The device was well-tolerated in all cases with no adverse events. Higher serum C reactive protein and more extensive (≥3 lobes) involvement at chest X-ray upon admission were observed in the h-CPAP group. Assessment of temporal distribution of cases showed a substantially increased rate of CPAP requirement during the third pandemic wave (January-March 2021). In conclusion, h-CPAP was feasible, safe, well-tolerated and improved oxygenation in pregnant women with moderate-to-severe ARF due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Moderate-to-severe ARF was more frequently observed during the third pandemic wave.
Rapid estimation of photosynthetic leaf traits of tropical plants in diverse environmental conditions using reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Lamour Julien , Davidson Kenneth J. , Ely Kim S. , Anderson Jeremiah A. , Rogers Alistair , Wu Jin , Serbin Shawn P.
Published: October 2021

Tropical forests are one of the main carbon sinks on Earth, but the magnitude of CO2absorbed by tropical vegetation remains uncertain. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are commonly used to estimate the CO2absorbed by forests, but their performance is highly sensitive to the parameterization of processes that control leaf-level CO2exchange. Direct measurements of leaf respiratory and photosynthetic traits that determine vegetation CO2fluxes are critical, but traditional approaches are time-consuming. Reflectance spectroscopy can be a viable alternative for the estimation of these traits and, because data collection is markedly quicker than traditional gas exchange, the approach can enable the rapid assembly of large datasets. However, the application of spectroscopy to estimate photosynthetic traits across a wide range of tropical species, leaf ages and light environments has not been extensively studied. Here, we used leaf reflectance spectroscopy together with partial least-squares regression (PLSR) modeling to estimate leaf respiration (Rdark25), the maximum rate of carboxylation by the enzyme Rubisco (Vcmax25), the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax25), and the triose phosphate utilization rate (Tp25), all normalized to 25°C. We collected data from three tropical forest sites and included leaves from fifty-three species sampled at different leaf phenological stages and different leaf light environments. Our resulting spectra-trait models validated on randomly sampled data showed good predictive performance forVcmax25,Jmax25,Tp25andRdark25(RMSE of 13, 20, 1.5 and 0.3 μmol m-2s-1, and R2of 0.74, 0.73, 0.64 and 0.58, respectively). The models showed similar performance when applied to leaves of species not included in the training dataset, illustrating that the approach is robust for capturing the main axes of trait variation in tropical species. We discuss the utility of the spectra-trait and traditional gas exchange approaches for enhancing tropical plant trait studies and improving the parameterization of TBMs.
Energia 2030 Agendan eta Garapen Iraunkorrerako Helburuetan: 7. GIHaren xede eta adierazleen analisia Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan
Authors: Villena Unai , Akizu-Gardoki Ortzi
Published: October 2021

Artikulu honek Nazio Batuen 2030 Agendako Garapen Iraunkorrerako Helburuen (GIH) artean zazpigarrena aztertzen du: biztanle ororentzat energia garbia eskuragarri izatea. Helburu hori hainbat lurraldetan inplementatzeko eta haren jarraipena egiteko bideak aztertu dira, baita zenbait autoreren arabera dituen alde onak edo potentzialtasunak eta argi-ilunak ere. Azken urteotako literaturak GIHen jarraipenari buruz zer dioen berrikusi, eta, horren ostean, 7. GIHaren ezarpena makro eskalatik mikro mailara nolakoa izaten ari den aztertu da, Europatik hasita, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoaren (EAE) kasu konkretua ardatz gisa hartuz. Horretarako, askotariko gobernu mailetan (besteak beste, Europar Batasuna, Espainiako estatuko gobernua, Eusko Jaurlaritza, foru-aldundiak eta udalak) 7. GIHa lortze aldera zehaztu diren xede eta adierazleak alderatu dira, baita haien aniztasuna erakutsi ere, eta 2017. urtera bitartean adierazle horiek izandako bilakaera aztertu da. Azterketatik ondorioztatu da Europa mailan helburuak estandarizatu diren arren helburuok estatu-mailan eta handik beherakoetan ez dutela adierazle nahikorik ezarririko xedeen jarraipen osatua egiteko. Hala, adierazleak estandarizatzen eta datu-iturriak hobetzen jarraitzeko beharra ikusi da, hots, agerian utzi da horrek konparaketak egiteko dakartzan zailtasunak.
Os “homens bons” da terra: a Corporação da Lavoura e a política agrária do Estado Novo
Authors: Aboim Pires Leonardo
Published: October 2021

A Corporação da Lavoura, criada em 1957, foi a concretização do regime corporativo em Portugal, mais de vinte anos após o seu início. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar os efeitos desse novo organismo nas políticas agrárias, sem esquecer, a sua elite dirigente e a sua influência no cenário político. Os resultados preliminares indicam que a Corporação foi mais um órgão de consulta e ratificação das decisões governamentais. Observando a um nível setorial, houve uma maior atenção a setores mais dinâmicos e vinculados às mudanças no consumo alimentar, mas também com maior procura pelo sector industrial em expansão.
O corso francês contra a Carreira da Índia na primeira metade do século XVI
Authors: Borges Marco Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo é feita uma análise do corso francês contra a carreira da Índia na primeira metade do século XVI. Com base no estudo de documentação diversa, comprova-se que os navios portugueses vindos da Índia foram um alvo central dos franceses e que o assunto é muito mais complexo do que aquilo que tem sido perspectivado pela historiografia tradicional. De facto, muito antes da década de 1580, já os navios portugueses carregados de especiarias enfrentaram uma rede organizada de inimigos e que, a fim de recolher informação para melhor actuar, também envolvia espionagem em Portugal.
CONSTELAÇÃO FAMILIAR E A PROMOÇÃO DA ECONOMIA DO MEDO: MAIS UMA DAS MUITAS FORMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia Galiberne , Gonzaga Heitor Ferreira , Enzweiler Romano José
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, analisam-se o conceito, origens e estrutura da constelação familiar, terapia divulgada por Bert Hellinger. Evidencia-se, lado outro, a ligação havida entre constelações familiares e alienação parental, elementos de um mesmo bloco de medidas que perpetuam as violências praticadas contra as mulheres. Sublinha-se o caráter machista da teoria e seu intuito de nulificar o sistema protetivo dos vulneráveis previsto na Constituição Federal e materializado no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, bem como na Lei Maria da Penha. É posta em discussão, também, a cientificidade da técnica aqui debatida, apresentando-se, depois, a teoria central como proposta pelo próprio Hellinger. Neste ponto, sem filtros e sem descontextualizações, são transcritos excertos da extensa obra de Hellinger, confirmando-se as hipóteses lançadas de início. Por fim, são postas em xeque as ações do SUS quanto ao financiamento da pseudociência e, ainda, a legitimidade do Judiciário na sua aplicação nos fóruns de justiça.
DISCURSO DE ÓDIO NAS REDES SOCIAIS, LIMITES À LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO E A INFLUÊNCIA DOS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Büttner Paula Büttner
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo discorre sobre o discurso de ódio – fenômeno ocorrido por meio de manifestações discriminatórias e violentas, que ultrapassam a mera opinião –, o seu potencial lesivo em meio à atual sociedade da informação, principalmente por meio das redes sociais, bem como acerca do papel dos precedentes judiciais na definição de hipóteses de restrição à liberdade de expressão, direito fundamental de extrema importância em um Estado Democrático de Direito, como o Brasil. Objetivando-se aprofundar o tema, empregou-se, no presente trabalho, um estudo bibliográfico e utilizou-se do método de raciocínio dedutivo de análise. Concluiu-se que há manifestações que serão consideradas atos ilícitos, ensejando a reparação civil dos danos causados; outras serão enquadradas em tipos penais, criminalmente puníveis. Portanto, para cada lesão envolvendo a manifestação do pensamento, deve-se analisar o contexto, a gravidade e se existe o correspondente respaldo legal. No contexto do discurso de ódio, conforme o entendimento jurisprudencial, a liberdade de expressão poderá sofrer restrições, justificada quando exercida de maneira abusiva e em violação a outros direitos fundamentais, como o da dignidade humana, entretanto apenas de forma excepcional. A partir da análise do presente embate, como também dos julgados apresentados, verificou-se a importância da fundamentação das decisões, com a definição de critérios na constituição da ratio decidendi, pois influenciarão como precedentes judiciais para aplicação em casos semelhantes e, nessa linha, percebeu-se que entender os fundamentos determinantes da decisão paradigma é essencial para a segurança jurídica e a conservação de ditames legais compreendidos pelo sistema jurídico brasileiro.
PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE AS ESTRATÉGIAS DE RESPOSTA E ADAPTAÇÃO AOS RISCOS AMBIENTAIS: ESTUDO APLICADO EM PINHAIS, PARANÁ SOB A ÓTICA DAS INUNDAÇÕES
Authors: Da Fonseca Murilo Noli , Ferentz Larissa Maria da Silva
Published: October 2021

Em uma conjuntura de intensas inquietudes e ambiguidades relacionadas às “mudanças climáticas”, evidencia-se como essencial os estudos sobre a percepção aos riscos ambientais e as vulnerabilidades como base para a tomada de decisões que possibilitem reduzi-los e desenvolver estratégias sobre adaptação. Com o objetivo de avaliar sua percepção perante as estratégias de resposta e adaptação aos riscos ambientais, foi realizado um estudo de caso em um Conjunto Habitacional destinada às pessoas reassentadas de áreas de risco do município de Pinhais no Paraná: “Moradias Bonilauri”. Ao todo foram aplicadas oito entrevistas com moradores. Dentre as principais medidas de adaptação dos entrevistados estão a construção de muretas e elevação do nível das casas; já o poder público investiu em drenagem, desassoreamento parque lineares. Este trabalho aponta que a redução do risco passa por ações voltadas à educação ambiental e à sensibilização dos moradores, a fim de envolver as pessoas com base na sua informação sobre os problemas socioambientais.
PESQUISAS SOBRE PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS COM ABORDAGENS SOBRE OS MOTIVOS DA VALORAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UMA INCURSÃO NAS DISSERTAÇÕES E TESES DE 2009 - 2017
Authors: Brito Joscélia Monteiro Santos de , Farias Emilly da Silva , Quinelato Raquel Viana , Silva Allison Gonçalves
Published: October 2021

Pesquisas sobre percepção ambiental têm potencial para compreender o modo e os motivos como os indivíduos valoram os recursos naturais e o meio em que vivem. Assim, considerando o elo existente entre os povos de comunidades tradicionais e o ambiente que os rodeia, esse artigo se propõe a resumir algumas discussões presentes em teses e dissertações entre os anos de 2009 – 2017 disponíveis na plataforma do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (Ibict), com abordagem subjacente ou não sobre os motivos da valoração ambiental. Para tanto, foi utilizada a Revisão Integrativa (RI) seguindo as seguintes etapas: I) Definição da questão; II) Investigação na literatura; III) Definição das informações a serem extraídas dos estudos; IV) Avaliação dos estudos incluídos na revisão; V) Interpretação dos dados; e, VI) Síntese dos conteúdos. Os resultados e discussão foram apresentados em três categorias: I) Valoração simbólica, que está relacionada às questões culturais, religiosas, emocionais, ecológicas, morais e estéticas; II) Valoração econômica, que se relaciona ao valor de mercado e comercialização e; III) Territorialidade e gestão ambiental participativa. Os resultados sugerem que estudos sobre percepção ambiental abordam valoração ambiental de forma direta ou indireta e pode ser importante instrumento para gestão ambiental participativa.
DISCUSSÃO DO LUGAR E ALFABETIZAÇÃO CARTOGRÁFICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: A ELABORAÇÃO DE CADERNOS DIDÁTICOS ASSOCIADOS A ATLAS GEOAMBIENTAIS MUNICIPAIS DO CENTRO OESTE GAÚCHO
Authors: Delevati Ben Franciele , Schnorr Giorge Gabriel , Petsch Carina , Sccoti Anderson Augusto Volpato , De Souza Robaina Luis Eduardo , Trentin Romario
Published: October 2021

O conhecimento geográfico discutido pelo aluno em sala de aula, possibilita uma releitura do espaço vivido, onde processos físicos, que antes eram abstratos, recebem a luz da ciência e do conhecimento. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de elaboração dos cadernos didáticos associados à Atlas Geoambientais do Centro-Oeste gaúcho. Além disso, é proposta a inserção das seis atividades, nas aulas de Geografia, segundo as recomendações da Base Nacional Comum Curricular.  O artigo é baseado em um método descritivo e as atividades foram elaboradas para fomentar a alfabetização cartográfica dos alunos. Além disso, agregam conhecimentos acerca dos aspectos físicos e socioeconômicos e abordam discussões pautadas na relação sociedade e natureza. São discutidas as possíveis dificuldades que professores e alunos encontrarão ao interpretar os mapas, em especial, o Zoneamento Geoambiental. Baseada na percepção e sentidos dos alunos, discussões sistêmicas podem ser criadas e com isso a abstração do mapa Geoambiental que não é materializado no espaço vivido. No que se refere a elaboração do caderno didático, este material mostra um grande potencial para viabilizar a discussão do conteúdo cartográfico contido no Atlas Geoambiental, assim como para se trabalhar com as competências e habilidades exigidas pela BNCC.
A ESCOLA E SEU ENTORNO: O COTIDIANO DE ESTUDANTES REPRESENTADO A PARTIR DE RELAÇÕES E PRÁTICAS ESPACIAIS
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Lígia , Lurdes Spironello Rosângela
Published: October 2021

O estudo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em escola pública com estudantes de nono ano, do Ensino Fundamental. Buscou-se conhecer suas práticas espaciais cotidianas por meio da elaboração de mapas mentais, tendo como base de análise a metodologia de Kozel (2007) e Lynch (1997). As categorias geográficas lugar e território possibilitaram compreender aspectos do cotidiano da comunidade escolar e indicar potencialidades da educação geográfica no que se refere ao ensino e à gestão escolar. Como resultados, os sujeitos da pesquisa manifestaram a partir das discussões e representações, ausências, tais como: calçamento, áreas de lazer e serviços de saúde, e evidenciaram também desejos e problemas associados à juventude global, como o convívio com situações de uso e comércio de drogas e a precariedade de acesso à internet. Destacaram ainda que querem permanecer na comunidade, o que indica, por um lado, uma espécie de conformismo, ou até de naturalização da precariedade, mas que, de outro, demonstra traços de uma identidade com o lugar.
Zukunftswissen für die Große Transformation: 30 Jahre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung am Wuppertal Institut
Authors: Fischedick Manfred , Rehm Annika
Published: October 2021

2021 feiert das Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie sein 30-jähriges Bestehen. Seit seinen Anfängen macht sich das Institut für eine impact- und anwendungsorientierte Nachhaltigkeitsforschung stark. Zeit, einen Blick zurück und nach vorn zu werfen.
CBench
Authors: Orogat Abdelghny , Liu Isabelle , El-Roby Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of knowledge graphs that can be only queried by experts. However, describing questions using structured queries is not straightforward for non-expert users who need to have sufficient knowledge about both the vocabulary and the structure of the queried knowledge graph, as well as the syntax of the structured query language used to describe the user's information needs. The most popular approach introduced to overcome the aforementioned challenges is to use natural language to query these knowledge graphs. Although several question answering benchmarks can be used to evaluate question-answering systems over a number of popular knowledge graphs, choosing a benchmark to accurately assess the quality of a question answering system is a challenging task.

In this paper, we introduce CBench, an extensible, and more informative benchmarking suite for analyzing benchmarks and evaluating question answering systems. CBench can be used to analyze existing benchmarks with respect to several fine-grained linguistic, syntactic, and structural properties of the questions and queries in the benchmark. We show that existing benchmarks vary significantly with respect to these properties deeming choosing a small subset of them unreliable in evaluating QA systems. Until further research improves the quality and comprehensiveness of benchmarks, CBench can be used to facilitate this evaluation using a set of popular benchmarks that can be augmented with other user-provided benchmarks. CBench not only evaluates a question answering system based on popular single-number metrics but also gives a detailed analysis of the linguistic, syntactic, and structural properties of answered and unanswered questions to better help the developers of question answering systems to better understand where their system excels and where it struggles.
Age-adapted percentiles of measured glomerular filtration in healthy individuals: extrapolation to living kidney donors over 65 years
Authors: Delanaye Pierre , Gaillard François , van der Weijden Jessica , Mjøen Geir , Ferhman-Ekholm Ingela , Dubourg Laurence , Ebert Natalie , Schaeffner Elke , Åkerfeldt Torbjörn , Goffin Karolien , Couzi Lionel , Garrouste Cyril , Rostaing Lionel , Courbebaisse Marie , Legendre Christophe , Hourmant Maryvonne , Kamar Nassim , Cavalier Etienne , Weekers Laurent , Bouquegneau Antoine , de Borst Martin H. , Mariat Christophe , Pottel Hans , van Londen Marco
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Most data on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) originate from subjects <65 years old, complicating decision-making in elderly living kidney donors. In this retrospective multi-center study, we calculated percentiles of measured GFR (mGFR) in donors <65 years old and extrapolated these to donors ≥65 years old.

Methods

mGFR percentiles were calculated from a development cohort of French/Belgian living kidney donors <65 years (n=1,983), using quantiles modeled as cubic splines (two linear parts joining at 40 years). Percentiles were extrapolated and validated in an internal cohort of donors ≥65 years (n=147, France) and external cohort of donors and healthy subjects ≥65 years (n=329, Germany, Sweden, Norway, France, The Netherlands) by calculating percentages within the extrapolated 5th–95th percentile (P5–P95).

Results

Individuals in the development cohort had a higher mGFR (99.9 ± 16.4 vs. 86.4 ± 14 and 82.7 ± 15.5 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to the individuals in the validation cohorts. In the internal validation cohort, none (0%) had mGFR below the extrapolated P5, 12 (8.2%) above P95 and 135 (91.8%) between P5–P95. In the external validation cohort, five subjects had mGFR below the extrapolated P5 (1.5%), 25 above P95 (7.6%) and 299 (90.9%) between P5–P95.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that extrapolation of mGFR from younger donors is possible and might aid with decision-making in elderly donors.