bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Level of Watering and Soil pH to obtain high concentration of Essential Oil in Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Nash)
Authors: Taufikurahman T , Fatimah I N
Published: January 2023

Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Nash) is a grass that has been known for its tolerance to drought conditions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of watering level and soil pH on the production of essential oil in the root of the plant. Watering level was given based on percentage of field capacity i.e. 100%; 75%; 50%; 25%; and 5%, while the soil pH was 3; 7; and 11. Analysis of the quality and quantity of essential oils was carried out using GC-MS. At soil pH 3 and watering volume of 25%, the highest levels of terpenoid compounds were produced (47.36%), while at pH 3 and watering level of 100%, fatty acid compounds were produced at highest level (38.51%). Watering level of 100% and 25% combined with pH 3 showed as optimal combinations for vetiver to produce essential oils.
Forest Stand Composition of the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) Habitat in the Nature Reserves
Authors: Maulana M I , Auliah N L , Onrizal O
Published: January 2023

The Forest areas of Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve (DSNR) and Dolok Sibual-Buali Nature Reserve (DBNR) are part of Batang Toru forest landscape which is also the habitat of some protected and endangered wildlife such as Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis). However, the forest has continued to experience widespread pressure and degradation or reduction, mainly due to forest conversion. Therefore, it is very notable to assess the composition of forest vegetation of DSNR and DBNR considering their very important role for the survival of the Tapanuli orangutan populations. The composition of forest vegetation in this research is known by vegetation analysis. The method vegetation analysis used is line transect. The length of the line transect is 1000 m which consists of 10 plots of each transect with a distance between plots of 100 m. Measurements are carried out on the growth rate of seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. Furthermore, the processing of vegetation analysis data is carried out to find out the Important Value Index (IVI), diversity index (H’), evenness (E) and richness (d) of vegetation species in the research area. The results showed that the composition of orangutan habitat vegetation in DSNR consisted of 107 species from 39 families, while DBNR forest consisted of 117 species from 45 families. Tree Syzygium sp1. species consistently have the highest IVI scores at all forest vegetation growth rates of both reserves. The diversity, evenness and richness of DBNR forest vegetation species tends to be higher than DSNR forest.
Tensile strength of various bamboo species tested with different shape of test specimens
Authors: Handana M A P , Surbakti B , Harisdani D D , Karolina R , Fahreza D
Published: January 2023

Bamboo has a different tensile strength at the bottom, middle and top, both at the node and internode part of the bamboo. Tensile strength obtained by tension test with several standard testing methods that use different specimen shapes in the testing process. This study compared standard test methods that use dog bone-shaped specimens and strip-shaped specimens to see the correction of the tensile strength of bamboo from the same culm but tested differently. The test specimens are carried out from the area of Asahan Regency (including Tanjung Balai City), Batubara Regency, and Simalungun Regency, which are located in the eastern region of Sumatera Utara. The tension tests are carried out from the bottom, middle, and top section of the bamboo culm, and tested using a Universal Testing Machine. The average water content from bamboo species tested in this study is 14%. The strength ratio of the bottom, middle, and top section (B:M:T ratio) of dog bone-shaped specimens is 1.57: 1.24: 1, while B:M:T ratio of the strip-shaped specimen is 1.15: 1.05: 1. The tensile strength difference of dog bone-specimens from node and internode section is 31.89%, while the difference from the strip-shaped specimen is 13.81%. These results indicate that the bottom part of the bamboo culm has greater tensile strength, regardless of the shape of the specimens, followed by the middle part, and the top part respectively.
Using Black Soldier Fly to treat organic waste from the restaurant
Authors: Khair H , Octavia M , Utami R , Suryati I
Published: January 2023

Restaurants are one of the largest organic waste sources in a region, but waste from restaurants has not been treated well, resulting in it ends directly in a landfill. Black soldier fly (BSF) treatment is an emerging technology that can turn organic waste into high-protein feed. The utilization of BSF is carried out by converting organic waste into BSF larvae. BSF larvae are an effort that can be used for recycling organic waste. Therefore, special attention is needed for the utilization of organic waste from restaurants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of BSF larvae utilization in restaurant waste processing and observe the influence of the environment, particularly the intensity of light on the development of larvae. Organic waste from restaurants is set to a moisture content of 80%. The organic waste is used as a food source for larvae with exposure to three different lighting variants, namely 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness, 24 hours of darkness, and 24 hours of light. The results of this study indicated that restaurant waste could be processed with the help of BSF. Variation of light to larvae resulted in a decrease in waste by 37.77%, 37.78%, and 37.60%. The highest reduction occurred in dark lighting conditions 24 hours. Statistical tests show that light intensity has a significant effect on larvae weight.
A tutorial on using ElGamal cryptosystem and RC4-P1 cipher in a hybrid scheme
Authors: Budiman M A , Rachmawati D , Syahnan I P
Published: January 2023

Digital document is a form of information that can be transmitted over a digital channel. Public key cryptosystem such as ElGamal may provide secure transmission of digital document. However, securing a large document in .docx extension, it is usually not efficient to use public key cryptosystem directly, since the ciphertext generated is usually much larger than the original document itself, making it difficult to transmit. In this research, this problem is avoided by using a scheme called hybrid cryptosystem. A combination of ElGamal algorithm and RC4-P1 cipher will be used to perform the hybrid cryptosystem scheme for data security. The RC4-P1 cipher is the latest variant of RC4 cipher and relatively shorter time to do the encryption and decryption process, but only by using single-key.
Design and fabrication of shell and tube heat exchanger with one pass shell and two pass tube as a water heater with hot sulfur water
Authors: Napitupulu F H , Sitorus T B , Sihombing H V , Siburian A H , Siagian H
Published: January 2023

Directly sulfur water will be a negative effect on the body. In this research will be the design of a heat exchanger that utilizes heat energy from sulfur water of hot water from the crust and will be used as a water heater in residential. By utilizing the heat energy from the sulfur water making the temperature of cold water will warm. it makes the water will be safe from a chemical element from sulfur water, where is make could make irritation for a body. This research will fabrication a heat exchanger shell and tube equipment with one pass shell and two pass tube as a water heater with hot sulfur water. The parameter input was taken from Berastagi Sumatera Utara. The temperature expected was calculated. The design was showed and explained. There is the length of the pipe in the heat exchanger is 1.7 m in diameter 0.14 m with stainless steel 304 as a primary material.
Above Ground Carbon Estimation Using Sentinel-1B RADAR Satellite Imagery
Authors: Munthe CR , Sulistiyono N
Published: January 2023

Mangroves are an important forest ecosystem in Indonesia because mangroves are known to have the ability to store high carbon. The use of remote sensing technology can be used to estimate the distribution of carbon content. The advantage of using radar satellite imagery such as Sentinel-1b is its ability to penetrate clouds. Satellite images produced from radar satellites are cloud-free satellite images. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the spatial distribution of above-ground carbon (AGC) using the Sentinel-1b radar satellite imagery in the Karang Gading dan Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve. Regression is used to estimate the distribution of AGC based on the backscattering values of VH, VV, VV/VH, VV-VH, and VV+VH. The results showed that the carbon distribution in the best model was 45.02 tons ha-1 to 222.16 tons ha-1. The quadratic regression model with VV-VH backscatter is the best model for estimating AGC with a value of R2 = 0.374, and the value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 19.083 ha/ton.
Consideration on Use of the Corn Plant Ash-Based Concrete related to the Salt and Acid Attack: A Review
Authors: Aswin Muhammad , Iqlima Mery , Afif Alfarizy Rafly
Published: January 2023

Many concrete buildings are found around the seashore, such as bridges, ports, piers, jetty, break water, etc. During the service life, contact between concrete and seawater cannot be avoided. The seawater can cause damage to concrete. This condition can affect the durability of concrete, which in turn will reduce the mechanical properties and structural performance of concrete. In addition, rainwater can be acidic, which caused of large number of industries or factories in Indonesia, motor vehicle emissions, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, etc. Some of chemicals contained in acid rain include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), and chloride acid (HCl). Acid solution also can give rise to deterioration to the concrete constructions. It is necessary to develop a concrete technology that can inhibit or resist the attack of these salts and acids. But the adding cement is not the solution. Currently, many researches are being carried out on how waste or garbage can be utilized as a cementitious material, which is expected able to improve the quality of concrete, and be environmentally friendly. In this research, the corn plant waste is considered as the material to be investigated that related to the concrete durability due to the salt and acid attack.
Experimental study on open cycle heat pump chilli dryer with refrigerant R32
Authors: Silalahi P G , Siburian A H , Ambarita H , Romauli N D M
Published: January 2023

Mostly agricultural product have high moisture content that can attract microorganism to grow on the product and occurs metabolic activity which can decreased the quality of the agricultural product. In order to prevent it, preservation the product by drying process is needed. On this research, drying heat pumps were built and tested at the Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Research Center (SERC), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Heat Pump drying chamber has length, width and height of 100 cm x 80 cm x75 cm. By having one chilli rack with the length and width of the rack was 40 cm x 40 cm, with a volume of drying space. The research was tested to reduce the red chilli water content from 80% into 5% with heat pump dryer takes 30 hours 50 minutes long. The inlet area of the drying room was 94 cm x 10 cm for the inlet of 6 cm x 6 cm. The heat pump working fluid itself uses refrigerants, here are the types of refrigerants such as R22, R410A, R11, R12, R32, and so on. R32 is a new refrigerant that more environmentally friendly and more efficient at conveying heat than others refrigerants. This heat pump system for drying chilli can be used for various agricultural products and can be applied for industrial products.
Clarke and Wright Savings Algorithm as Solutions Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup Delivery (VRPSPD)
Authors: Tunnisaki Fadlah , Sutarman
Published: January 2023

This study aims to establish the mathematical model Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD) on 3 kg of LPG gas distribution and its solution using the method of Clarke and Wright Savings. Data used include a list of areas of consumers, service delivery company, the amount of consumer demand, vehicle type and vehicle capacity. The data is then processed to be modeled as hereinafter Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup Delivery (VRPSPD) problems solved by the method of Clarke and Wright Savings[1]. Based on the calculation, the result for the total mileage of the vehicle is 160 km while the total mileage of the vehicle this company is 201km. Thus Clarke and Wright savings algorithm capable of providing mileage savings with a percentage of 20.03%.
A readout system for monolithic pixel sensor prototypes towards the upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System
Authors: Sarritzu V.
Published: January 2023

The ALICE experiment at CERN is developing an innovative third iteration of the three innermost layers of the Inner Tracking System (ITS3) to be installed during the Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2026–28) [1]. Based on a commercial 65 nm CMOS imaging technology by TowerJazz [2], it consists of truly cylindrical wafer-scale sensors that can be installed as close as 18 mm to the interaction point. In order to validate the technology, several test chips were produced in a first submission named Multi-Layer Reticle 1 (MLR1). This contribution will describe the development, features, and performance of a custom test system for some of the prototypes in MLR1, namely Analogue and Digital Pixel Test Structures (APTS and DPTS, respectively) and pixel matrices with rolling shutter readout (CE65).
Development of a novel, windowless, amorphous selenium based photodetector for use in liquid noble detectors
Authors: Rooks M. , Abbaszadeh S. , Asaadi J. , Febbraro M. , Gladen R.W. , Gramellini E. , Hellier K. , Blaszczyk F. Maria , McDonald A.D.
Published: January 2023

Detection of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) scintillation light produced by liquid noble elements is a central challenge in order to fully exploit the available timing, topological, and calorimetric information in detectors leveraging these media. In this paper, we characterize a novel, windowless amorphous selenium based photodetector with direct sensitivity to VUV light. We present here the manufacturing and experimental setup used to operate this detector at low transport electric fields (2.7–5.2 V/μm) and across a wide range of temperatures (77 K–290 K). This work shows that the first proof-of-principle windowless amorphous selenium device is robust under cryogenic conditions, responsive to VUV light at cryogenic temperatures, and preserves argon purity. These findings motivate a continued exploration of amorphous selenium devices for simultaneous detection of scintillation light and ionization charge in noble element detectors.
Estimating passenger emissions from airfares supports equitable climate action
Authors: van Ewijk Stijn , Chaudhary Shitiz , Berrill Peter
Published: January 2023

Air travel generates a substantial and growing share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Reduction efforts partly rely on estimates of emissions per passenger, which may be used for carbon budgets, offsets, or taxes. Aircraft emissions are typically allocated to individual passengers through space-based allocation dependent on seating arrangements by travel class. However, the operation of aircraft depends on profitability, which benefits from high fares from late bookings, often by business and high-income travellers. Fare-based allocation recognises the economic drivers of airline emissions by allocating the aircraft emissions proportionally to the paid airfares. In this article, we compare space-based passenger emissions, which differ only by class, with fare-based passenger emissions, which depend on the fare paid by the individual traveller. We extract space-based allocation factors from widely used emission calculators and derive fare-based allocation factors from airfares for domestic travel in the US. We find that the space-based allocation factors reflect the difference in average expenditure by travel class but not the difference in expenditure between travellers. With fare-based accounting, the most expensive economy trips have similar emissions to space-based premium trips, while less expensive premium trips have similar emissions to space-based economy trips. We find that a tax on fare-based instead of space-based emissions leads to a more evenly distributed impact on low-fare and high-fare travellers whilst achieving the same reduction in airline revenues. We conclude that fare-based emissions accounting better reflects the drivers of airline emissions and supports more equitable climate action.
Urban Agriculture Exploration Strategy: Case Study of Mushroom and Freshwater Fish Cultivation in West Surabaya
Authors: Sutini S , Guniarti G , Widiwurjani W , Augustien Nora , Pribadi Didik Utomo
Published: January 2023

Urban agriculture is constrained by the increasingly unstoppable level of urbanization which has an impact on the agricultural land in urban areas reduction. This kind of problem need to find alternative solutions, they are; integrating urban agriculture with the environment, partnership activities, e.g., with universities and sustainable diversification. The purpose of this article is to explore urban agriculture: a case study of mushroom and freshwater fish cultivation in West Surabaya. The writing of this article includes case studies related to oyster mushroom cultivation, inland waters and their diversification. Data collection methods include intensive documentation and interviews with farmers, city governments, partnerships and consumer organizations. The data collected was analyzed by matching the data with urban agricultural scheme as a literature study result. The results obtained show that there are partnerships with universities as evidenced by the existence of Community Service Program activities carried out together with urban farmers. And also the sustainability of processed fish and mushroom diversification. However, it is necessary to have a processed diversification training program as well as bringing together prospective consumers more intensively, and alternative waste handling that is safe for the environment.
Socio Characteristics of Citronella Farmers in Kedungrandu Village, Banyumas District
Authors: Zulkifli Lutfi , Hartati Anny , Widjojoko Tatang , Wijayanti Irene Kartika Eka , Elyanto Adwi Herry Koesoema , Mandamdari Alpha Nadeira , Novia Rifki Andi , Sunendar
Published: January 2023

Citronella is one of the leading commodities that have competitiveness and high export demand. Citronella is one of the primary ingredients for making essential oils. However, there are not many studies on the individual characteristics of Citronella farmers from a socio-economic point of view. This study aims to understand and analyze the personal characteristics of Citronella farmers in terms of gender, age, last education, farmers’ primary and secondary jobs, experience in farming and cultivation of Citronella, training attended by farmers, and the number of dependents of each farmer’s family. The research method used a survey method with the Simple Random Sampling technique. The data analysis tool used is descriptive statistics analysis. The results showed that the majority of Citronella farmers are male, aged 41-60 years. Most citronella farmers are educated up to elementary school and have their primary job as farm laborers. Citronella farmers mostly have side jobs as farm laborers for other commodities and, on average, have more than 20 years of experience in farming. However, the majority of citronella farmers only have less than three years of experience cultivating citronella.
Effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) with combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth of maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Aufa Ain A.S. , Noraini M.J.
Published: January 2023

For optimal plant growth and productivity, agricultural activity is dependent on soil quality and nutrient availability. Soil amendment such as rice husk biochar (RHB), which abundantly found in Malaysia, are capable of improving soil fertility due to its longevity and other benefits to soil biota, including beneficial soil fungi and bacteria such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). AMF are well-known for their capacity to improve plant nutrient uptake, particularly P, which is essential for plant growth. Similarly, PSB, which is a beneficial bacteria, are able to solubilize phosphate into soluble form thus enhance the P availability for plant. However, the combination effect of AMF and PSB in the presence of RHB is not known. Thus, in order to assess the effects of AMF and PSB in the presence of RHB on soil properties and maize growth, a pot experiment was done. Randomized completely block design (RCBD) arrangement was applied to the following treatments: T1 (control), T2 (RHB), T3 (AMF), T4 (PSB), T5 (+RHB, +AMF), T6 (+AMF, +PSB), T7 (+RHB, +PSB) and T8 (+RHB, +AMF, +PSB). About 10 t/ha RHB was added to the soils for treatments T2, T5, T7, and T8. Ten grams of AMF inoculum and double application of PSB were applied to their respective treatments. Plant growth and soils sampling were done at 45 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that T7 gave 137% root biomass and 123% P uptake higher than control. Our findings were in line with our hypothesis (application of RHB, AMF or PSB or their combination would improve maize growth compared to control, in which T8 gave highest root volume and 150% higher than control. The results suggested that there were positive and synergistic effects of beneficial soil microorganisms (AMF or/and PSB) either with or without RHB. Thus, these combined inoculations and RHB application could be used in biofertilizer formulations to increase the maize growth and yield in sustainable agriculture system.
Healthy organic coconut sugar powder business’s development strategy: A case study at the Nira Perwira Cooperative, Purbalingga District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dharmawan Budi , Suyono  , Sutanto Agus , Wijayanti Irene Kartika , Putri Dindy Darmawati
Published: January 2023

Efforts to establish the Nira Perwira cooperative to increase the added value of coconut sugar powder through better processing and export orientation are still hampered by a number of challenges. Uncertainty in supply and the quality of supply from partner farmers are two of the difficulties encountered. These research objectives are to 1) analyze the external and internal factors of the Nira Perwira Cooperative in developing the organic coconut sugar powder business; 2) analyze the Nira Perwira Cooperative’s position in the organic coconut sugar powder; and 3) analyze alternative strategies that can be used in developing the Nira Perwira Cooperative’s organic coconut sugar powder. The study makes use of both secondary and primary data gathered through interviews, observation, recording, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The case study method was used in this study. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor Evaluation (EFE), Internal-External (IE), Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) were used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that the IFE value was 2.28 and the EFE value was 3.06, indicating that the cooperative position is in quadrant II of the IE matrix. Based on the SWOT analysis, the Nira Perwira Cooperative’s organic coconut sugar powder development strategy should include more promotional activities, more farmer loyalty, more contracts with third parties, more marketing networks, more competent members to run marketing, and more internal reorganization.
Survivability and Benefit Evaluation of Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. as Active Ingredients of Biopesticides and Soil Fertility Enhancer in Shallot Fields at Wates Village Tulungagung
Authors: Prastiti Rachmanita D , Indrawan Arga D , Suryaminarsih Penta , Mujoko Tri , Widjajani Bakti W
Published: January 2023

The purpose of research on the Farmer Empowerment Program in Wates Village is to increase knowledge in the field of sustainable agriculture and transfer of technology for the application of biopesticides containing the Biological Control Agent (APH) Streptomyces sp., Trichoderma sp. combined with shallot cultivation technology in the village of Wates Tulungagung. Innovative methods and Participatory Action Research (PAR) are used to encourage transformative action, by involving community members as PAR implementers in describing the types of plants being treated and applying them during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Wates village, Tulungagung District. The results of the evaluation and monitoring of the use of APH as a biopesticide and fungicide to control moler disease caused a decrease in the population of microorganisms, the population of Trichoderma sp. was absent (o) but Streptomyces sp. increase. Giving APH proved that microorganisms act as decomposers that increase the availability of N and P nutrients through their ability to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter given at the beginning of planting. The K nutrient content in the soil before and after treatment did not differ.
Phytochemical Compounds and Antibacterial Activity to Escherichia coli of Green Macro Algae
Authors: Julyasih Ketut Srie Marhaeni , Purnawati Arika
Published: January 2023

Escherichia coli is a bacteria found in the large intestine of humans as a normal flora. It’s unique because it can cause primary infection in the intestine such as diarrhea in children. Diarrhea sufferers use drugs derived from chemicals and herbal plants. Furthermore seaweed as the marine biological resources it is important to examine to be an alternative treatment for diarrhea. An antibacterial alternative by development the use of seaweed. needs to be examine. Based on the description above, phytochemical compound of several types of green macro algae and its potential effect as antibacterial activity to inhibit the growth of E.coli bacteria it is necessary to examine, The type of seaweeds that use in this study are Ulva reticulata, Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa. The research results showed that phytochemcal compound of U. reticulata are terpenoid, phenolic, alkaloid. In U. lactuca are steroid, saponin, phenolic and alkaloid. Phytochemcal compound of C. racemosa are phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, and terpenoid. Type of green macro algae U. reticulata had the ability to inhibit the bacteria E.coli growth with a inhibition zone diameter about 6.0 mm U. lactuca about 10 mm, and C. racemosa about 12.0 mm.
“Hulun Hyang” Farmer Group Asset Mapping Using Asset-Based Community Development Methode as an Ex-situ Edelweiss Flower Conservation in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Area (Case Study: Edelweiss Park, Wonokitri Village)
Authors: Rahma Melati Julia , Soemarno Soemarno , Batoro Jati
Published: January 2023

One of the endemic flora that has become an icon in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area is the Edelweiss Flower. The existence of tourism developments makes the demand for Edelweiss flowers as souvenirs even more excellent. It affects the economic value of these commodities. It affects the population decline and threatens its availability for the Tengger indigenous people who use Edelweiss flowers as offerings that other components cannot replace. Since 2017, the Wonokitri Village community has collaborated with Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area to form the Hulun Hyang farmer group to conserve Edelweiss Flower ex-situ. The Hulun Hyang Farmer’s Group has also obtained a breeding permit for Edelweiss Flowers from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regarding wanawiyata widyakarya, which is realized through the development of the Edelweiss Park. It is essential to increase the capacity of managers in Edelweiss Park Development to ensure the sustainability of their activities. In this case, the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach is considered suitable to be applied as a methodology to map assets owned by the Hulun Hyang Farmer Group. This asset mapping is hoped that it can encourage members of the Hulun Hyang Farmer Group to find out detailed information on their capital, which can later be used as a basis for formulating programs to improve skills and collective understanding so that they can develop a sustainable Edelweiss Park agro-ecosystem independently.
Corrigendum: Artificial Intelligence Promotes the Evolution of English Writing Evaluation Model (2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 646 012029)
Authors: Su Zheqian , Miao Liu , Man Jiang
Published: January 2023

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
The nature and roots of totalitarianism
Authors: Villa Dana
Published: January 2023

“The nature and roots of totalitarianism” describes the work that made Arendt internationally famous, The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951). It emphasizes how Arendt viewed Nazi and Soviet totalitarianism as representatives of an unprecedented regime form, one far more radical and novel than previous dictatorships and tyrannies. The chapter examines the European events, attitudes, and practices that, according to Arendt, contributed to the rise of totalitarian regimes. These include imperialism, racism, and anti-Semitism, all of which were pan-European phenomena in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Revolution, constitution, and the “social question”
Authors: Villa Dana
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines Arendt’s 1963 work, On Revolution, which makes the case that modern revolutions—such as the American and French—are radical beginnings of the sort previously unknown to Western political and philosophical thought. It traces Arendt’s strongly republican interpretation of the American Revolution, pointing out the ways this interpretation diverges from the standard liberal-Lockean story. The chapter also describes why Arendt thought that the French Revolution, which had begun so promisingly, went off the rails as its leaders directed their attention and energy away from the constitutional foundations of a new republic and towards the violent attempt to solve the “social question”—the question of mass poverty in France. Finally, it traces the reasons why Arendt thought the American Revolution, while successful in the task of foundation, failed in the crucial task of preserving the “revolutionary spirit” and the love of public liberty that went with it.
Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in Inpatient Nonsurgical Adults
Authors: Froom Paul , Shimoni Zvi , Dusseldorp Nathan , Benbassat Jochanan
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study sought to determine the proportion of nonsurgical inpatients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) who qualified for urologic investigation according to consensus guidelines.

Methods

The study population included all patients acutely admitted to the internal medicine departments of Israeli regional hospitals between 2014 and 2017.

Results

Of 29,086 consecutive admissions, 10,116 (34.8%) underwent dipstick urinalysis and 8,389 (28.8%) underwent reflex microscopic urinalysis. After the exclusion of patients with a urethral catheter or a positive urine culture, 2,206 had 3 or more RBCs per high-power field, and as many as 2,052 (7.1% of the entire cohort and 24.4% of all patients undergoing microscopic urinalysis) met the criteria for a urologic workup.

Conclusions

We conclude that according to the consensus guidelines, an unreasonably high proportion of hospitalized nonsurgical patients would be referred for a urologic workup of uncertain clinical utility because of an incidental AMH finding.
287 Targeting the inhibitory receptor Siglec-8 on mast cells represents an attractive approach to reduce MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell activation
Authors: Benet Zachary , Wong Alan , Schanin Julia , Youngblood Bradford A
Published: January 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a debilitating type 2 inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by pruritus. Mast cells (MCs) and eosinophils (eos) are elevated in AD tissue. Siglecs are inhibitory receptors found on immune cells, with Siglec-8 selectively expressed on MCs and eos. Engagement of Siglec-8 with antibody results in broad inhibition of MC activation (IgE-dependent and -independent pathways). MCs and eos are key drivers of itch. Crosstalk between skin MCs and sensory neurons contributes to non-histaminergic itch via activation of Mas-related G-protein receptor X2 (MRGPRX2). MRGPRX2-mediated MC activation has been implicated in chronic urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis, however, this mechanism has not been studied in the pathogenesis of AD. We hypothesize that activation of MCs through MRGPRX2 contributes to chronic inflammation and itch in patients with AD. Supernatants were collected from intact ex vivo cultured lesional and non-lesional skin biopsies from donor-matched patients with AD or healthy volunteers. Following ex vivo culture, secreted mediators were quantified using ELISA and meso-scale discovery (MSD). Biopsies were enzymatically digested and MRGPRX2 expression and function were measured using flow cytometry and MSD. Acute MRGPRX2 activation in vivo and the effects of a Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody (mAb), compared with isotype control, were studied in Siglec-8 transgenic mice. MC and eosinophil numbers were increased in lesional biopsies from patients with AD compared with patient-matched non-lesional and healthy volunteer control biopsies. MCs from AD lesional biopsies showed significant evidence of activation and degranulation compared to MCs in non-lesional biopsies. Levels of MC-specific proteases, inflammatory and pruritic mediators were significantly elevated in supernatants from ex vivo cultured lesional biopsies, including CPA3, CCL17 (TARC), IL-8, IL-13 and IL-31. Levels of MRPGRX2 ligands in supernatants from AD lesional biopsies were significantly elevated. Ex vivo challenge of healthy skin tissue with MRGPRX2 ligands partially replicated the AD lesional microenvironment. Lastly, intradermal injection of MRGPRX2 ligands in Siglec-8 transgenic mice induced inflammation and itch, which were inhibited with a Siglec-8 mAb. MRGPRX2-mediated MC activation contributes to inflammation in patients with AD through the release of chemotactic, proteolytic, pruritic and inflammatory factors. Therapeutic strategies that broadly target MCs, such as a lirentelimab (AK002) and a Siglec-8 mAb, may decrease the severity of AD.
301 Tapinarof cream 1% once daily for the treatment of extensive atopic dermatitis in adolescents and children: 4-week maximal use trial
Authors: Paller Amy , Hebert Adelaide A , Jett John E , Brown Philip M , Rubenstein David S , Piscitelli Stephen C
Published: January 2023

There is a need for efficacious non-steroidal topical therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD) without restrictions relating to duration, the extent of use and application sites. Tapinarof (VTAMA®; Dermavant Sciences, Inc., USA) is a first-in-class, non-steroidal, topical, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults and under investigation for the treatment of psoriasis in children down to 2 years of age and for AD in adults and children down to 2 years of age. Tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) demonstrated significant efficacy vs. vehicle at 12 weeks and was well tolerated in adults and adolescents and with moderate to severe AD in a previously reported phase 2b trial (NCT02564055). To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of tapinarof cream 1% QD in adolescents and children with extensive AD. In this open-label, maximal use, phase 2 trial (NCT05186805), adolescents and children, aged 2–17 years, with a clinical diagnosis of AD, a validated Investigator Global Assessment in Atopic Dermatitis™ (vIGA-AD™) score ≥3, and percent body surface area (%BSA) involvement of ≥ 25% for adolescents (12–17 years) or ≥35% for children (2–11 years) were assigned tapinarof cream 1% QD for 27 days. Primary endpoints include adverse events, mean investigator-assessed local tolerability scores (overall and sensitive areas) and PK parameters. Secondary endpoints include a change in vIGA-AD™, Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI), %BSA affected, and Peak Pruritus-Numeric Rating Scale scores at each trial visit. Eligible patients completing this trial have the option to enrol in an open-label, long-term extension trial (NCT05142774) to receive up to an additional 48 weeks of tapinarof cream 1% QD treatment. Overall, 36 patients aged 2–17 years were enrolled at nine sites in the US and Canada. Of these patients, equal proportions (33.3% [12/36]) were young children (2–6 years), children (7–11 years) and adolescents (12–17 years); 66.7% (24/36) were male and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 8.9 (4.9) years. At baseline, 77.8% (28/36) had a vIGA-AD™ score of 3 (moderate) and 8/36 (22.2%) had a score of 4 (severe). At baseline, the mean (SD) %BSA affected was 52.4% (19.1%), 42.0% (10.0%) and 33.9% (8.6%) for young children, children and adolescents, respectively. The overall mean (SD) EASI score was 23.8 (9.2). This trial will assess the safety, tolerability, PK and efficacy of tapinarof cream 1% QD in 36 adolescents and children down to 2 years of age with extensive, moderate-to-severe AD.
322 Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results of two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials (ADvocate1 and ADvocate2)
Authors: Blauvelt Andrew , Thyssen Jacob P , Guttman-Yassky Emma  , Bieber Thomas , Carrascosa Jose Manuel , Simpson Eric , Rosmarin David  , Elmaraghy Hany , Meskimen Eric , Natalie Chitra R , Liu Zhuqing , Xu Chenjia , Pierce Evangeline , Morgan-Cox MaryAnn , Silverberg Jonathan I
Published: January 2023

Lebrikizumab (LEB) is a novel, high-affinity monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to interleukin (IL)-13. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of LEB monotherapy in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in two identical phase 3 trials ADvocate1 (ADv1) and ADvocate2 (ADv2). Patients who responded to LEB 250 mg every 2 weeks (LEB Q2W) at the end of the 16-week induction period were re-randomized in a 2 : 2 : 1 ratio to receive LEB Q2W, LEB 250 mg every 4 weeks (LEB Q4W) or placebo (LEB withdrawal) for an additional 36 weeks. Response, at week 16, was defined as achieving an IGA (0, 1) with a ≥2-point improvement or EASI75 and no use of rescue medication. Efficacy outcomes reported at week 52 included IGA (0, 1), EASI 75, ≥4-point reduction in Pruritis Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), EASI 90 and DLQI ≥4-point. Safety analysis was conducted on all patients who received ≥1 dose of LEB. Patients maintained IGA (0, 1) in LEB Q2W (ADv1, 75.8%; ADv2, 64.6%), LEB Q4W (ADv1, 74.2%; ADv2, 80.6%) and LEB withdrawal (ADv1, 46.5%; ADv2, 49.8%). Maintenance of EASI75 was, in LEB Q2W (ADv1, 79.2%; ADv2, 77.4%), LEB Q4W (ADv1, 79.2%; ADv2, 84.7%) and LEB withdrawal (ADv1, 61.3%; ADv2, 72.0%). For Pruritus NRS ≥4-point improvement from baseline, patients-maintained improvement in the LEB Q2W (ADv1, 81.2%; ADv2, 90.3%), LEB Q4W (ADv1, 80.4%; ADv2, 88.1%) and LEB withdrawal (ADv1, 65.4%; ADv2, 67.6%). Maintenance of EASI90 was, in LEB Q2W (ADv1, 66.1%; ADv2, 61.5%), LEB Q4W (ADv1, 66.6%; ADv2, 67.4%) and LEB withdrawal (ADv1, 45.5%; ADv2, 36.9%). DLQI ≥4-point improvement from baseline was LEB Q2W (ADv1, 64.0%; ADv2, 59.0%), LEB Q4W (ADv1, 62.7%; ADv2, 73.0%) and LEB withdrawal (ADv1, 57.7%; ADv2, 45.5%). TEAEs were reported by 58.1% (ADv1) and 67.8% (ADv2) LEB-treated patients at week 52. Serious adverse events were reported by 3.3% of ADv1 patients and 2.7% of ADv2 patients. In ADv1 and ADv2, 2.3% and 3.9% of patients reported an adverse event leading to treatment discontinuation, respectively. Both LEB Q2W and LEB Q4W maintained improvement in all reported outcomes for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD through 52 weeks. The safety profile was consistent with previously published data.
337 Dupilumab treatment is not associated with an increased overall risk of infections in patients aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Siegfried Elaine C , Cork Michael J , Arkwright Peter D , Wollenberg Andreas , Eichenfield Lawrence F , Ramien Michele , Khokhar Faisal A , Chen Zhen , Zhang Annie , Cyr Sonya L
Published: January 2023

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an increased risk of infection, including skin infections. Previous studies in children aged 6–11 years and adolescents showed that dupilumab is not associated with an increased risk of overall infections and is associated with a lower incidence of skin infections compared with a placebo. This post-hoc analysis reports the impact of dupilumab treatment on infections, including skin infections, in children aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate-to-severe AD. In LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT03346434, part B), children aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate-to-severe AD (Investigator’s Global Assessment score ≥3) were randomized 1 : 1 to subcutaneous dupilumab every 4 weeks (200 mg if baseline weight was ≥5 to <15 kg, 300 mg if weight was ≥15 to <30 kg) or placebo with concomitant low-potency topical corticosteroids for 16 weeks. Exposure-adjusted rates (patients with ≥1 event per 100 patient-years [nP/100 PY]) and systemic anti-infective medication use (nP/100PY) were used to compare treatment groups. 162 patients were randomized to dupilumab (n = 83) or placebo (n = 79). During the 16-week treatment period, total infections rates were numerically lower in the dupilumab-treated group (nP/100PY: 185.2) compared with the placebo-treated group (nP/100PY: 245.7). Fewer infections of skin-structure and soft tissues were reported in the dupilumab group (nP/100PY: 24.7) compared with the placebo group (nP/100PY: 40.2). Dupilumab-treated patients had significantly lower rates of non-herpetic skin infections (nP/100PY: 42.7) than placebo-treated patients (nP/100PY: 92.7; P < 0.05 vs. placebo). There was no significant difference in rates of herpetic skin infections between the dupilumab (nP/100PY: 20.0) and placebo groups (nP/100PY: 17.1; P = 0.817 vs. placebo). No helminthic infections were reported in either group. Systemic anti-infective medication use was significantly less frequent in the dupilumab group (nP/100PY: 104.7) compared with placebo (nP/100PY: 203.0; P < 0.05 vs. placebo). The overall safety of dupilumab was consistent with the known safety profile. Dupilumab treatment is associated with lower overall infections and significantly lower non-herpetic skin infections than placebo in children aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate-to-severe AD.
341 Dupilumab improves itch and skin lesions in adults with prurigo nodularis regardless of prior use of immunosuppressants or phototherapy: post-hoc results from PRIME and PRIME2 clinical trials
Authors: Kwatra Shawn G , Yosipovitch Gil , Ständer Sonja  , Kim Brian S , Msihid Jérôme , Bansal Ashish , Martinčová Renata , Wiggins Simmi  , Levit Noah A , Thomas Ryan B , Bahloul Donia
Published: January 2023

Dupilumab is the only FDA-approved systemic therapy for prurigo nodularis (PN), however, immunosuppressants (IS) and phototherapy have been used off-label for the treatment of this condition. Patients with prior IS/phototherapy treatment may represent a more severe and/or treatment-refractory population of patients with PN. Report post-hoc efficacy of dupilumab in patients with PN, with or without prior use of IS or phototherapy for PN. LIBERTY-PN PRIME and PRIME2 (NCT04183335 and NCT04202679) are randomized, 24-week, phase 3 studies in adults with PN that is inadequately controlled by topical prescription therapies or for whom those therapies are not advisable. Primary outcomes included a ≥4-point improvement in the weekly average of Worst Itch Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS) from baseline to week 24, and an Investigator’s Global Assessment for PN stage (IGA PN-S) score of 0/1 (clear/almost clear) at week 24. Safety outcomes included the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Among patients with PN, 8.0% reported prior use of phototherapy, and 36.7% reported prior use of IS; overall, 126 (dupilumab group, n = 62; placebo group, n = 64) patients with and 185 (dupilumab, n = 91; placebo, n = 94) patients without prior IS/phototherapy use were included. A larger proportion of patients with prior treatment vs. patients without prior treatment had severe disease, as measured by IGA PN-S (40.5% vs. 29.0%). The baseline WI-NRS score (SD) for overall patients with prior treatment was 8.6 (1.0) and for patients without prior treatment was 8.4 (1.0). At week 24, 67.7% vs. 15.6% of patients in the dupilumab vs. placebo groups with prior treatment (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 13.6 [3.7–49.7]; P < 0.0001), and 52.7% vs. 21.3% of patients without prior treatment (5.8 [2.4–14.0]; P < 0.0001) achieved improvement in WI-NRS. Similarly, 35.5% vs. 10.9% (3.1 [1.2–8.4]; P = 0.0162) of patients with and 53.8% vs. 21.3% (5.0 [2.3–10.8]; P < 0.0001) of those without prior treatment achieved IGA PN-S score of 0/1, respectively. TEAEs were reported by 43 (69.4%) vs. 34 (53.1%) patients (dupilumab vs. placebo groups) with and 54 (60.0%) vs. 55 (59.1%) without prior treatment, respectively. Patients treated with dupilumab experienced a greater and clinically meaningful improvement in itch and achieved skin that was clear/almost clear of nodules at week 24, regardless of prior use of IS/phototherapy for the treatment of PN. The incidence of TEAEs was generally consistent among patients with and without prior IS/phototherapy.
Blood–brain barrier opening of the default mode network in Alzheimer’s disease with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Meng Ying , Goubran Maged , Rabin Jennifer S , McSweeney Melissa , Ottoy Julie , Pople Christopher B , Huang Yuexi , Storace Alexandra , Ozzoude Miracle , Bethune Allison , Lam Benjamin , Swardfager Walter , Heyn Chinthaka , Abrahao Agessandro , Davidson Benjamin , Hamani Clement , Aubert Isabelle , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J , Karikari Thomas K , Blennow Kaj , Black Sandra E , Hynynen Kullervo , Lipsman Nir
Published: January 2023

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain but is also an important obstacle for the effective delivery of therapeutics in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has been shown to reversibly disrupt the BBB. However, treatment of diffuse regions across the brain along with the effect on Alzheimer’s disease relevant pathology need to be better characterized. This study is an open-labelled single-arm trial (NCT03739905) to investigate the feasibility of modulating BBB permeability in the default mode network and the impact on cognition, amyloid and tau pathology as well as BBB integrity. Nine participants [mean age 70.2 ± 7.2 years, mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 21.9] underwent three biweekly procedures with follow-up visits up to 6 months. The BBB permeability of the bilateral hippocampi, anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus was transiently increased without grade 3 or higher adverse events. Participants did not experience worsening trajectory of cognitive decline (ADAS-cog11, MMSE). Whole brain vertex-based analysis of the 18F-florbetaben PET imaging demonstrated clusters of modest SUVR reduction in the right parahippocampal and inferior temporal lobe. However, CSF and blood biomarkers did not demonstrate any amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology (P-tau181, amyloid-β42/40 ratio), nor did it show persistent BBB dysfunction (plasma PDGFRbeta and CSF-to-plasma albumin ratio). This study provides neuroimaging and fluid biomarker data to characterize the safety profile of MRgFUS BBB modulation in neurodegeneration as a potential strategy for enhanced therapeutic delivery.