bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konvenčné vs. Alternatívne predajne potravín: Percepcia spotrebiteľov na Slovensku
Authors: Hencelová Petra , Križan František , Bilková Kristína , Čuláková Katarína
Published: June 2022

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the shopping behavior of consumers in Slovakia (n=1004) and their perceptions of products sold in large stores and farmers' markets. In search of specifics, we proceeded to consumer segmentation by gender and income. To test the hypotheses we used the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Consumers choose large supermarket and hypermarket stores for the most frequent purchases of food and other daily consumer goods. According to consumer perceptions, these stores do not offer healthier and better quality food, but cheaper. Differences in such perception were not confirmed between men and women. The claim that supermarkets and hypermarkets offer healthier and better quality food depends on different income groups of consumers. Research shows that consumers 'perceptions of farmers' markets do not depend on gender and income. An exception is the statistically significant relationship between men and women and their perception that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than in regular shops. In general, consumers agree that products sold at farmers' markets are healthier and better quality than products in regular shops. At the same time, they disagree that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than products in regular shops.
EU Cohesion After Covid-19: What Are the New Trends for the Resilient Future?
Authors: Staníčková Michaela , Melecký Lukáš
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant challenge for the entire European Union. National, regional and local communities are on the front line in countering the disease and its socio-economic impact. Solidarity and responsibility across our societies and between Member States are key to overcoming this challenge. COVID-19 intensified and accelerated the debate on the resilience of regional economies not only to respond to exogenous shocks but how to shape viable environments. These are systems that meet today's demands and future challenges. In the first line, especially, the green and digital transitions' potential is highlighted as new drivers of EU growth. New economic, social and territorial disparities may appear without appropriate policy action. The aim is that the cohesion policy should respond to these challenges and, in particular, ensure that place-based, multilevel, and partnership-led approaches continue to improve cohesion while building on synergies and mainstreaming cohesion objectives into other policies and instruments. Via literature review method, the paper aims to summarise the fundamental aspects of the EU Cohesion Policy not only for the programming period 2021-2027 but in the long-term perspectives, i.e., cohesion towards 2050. How will the EU Cohesion Policy help in the future? The transition to carbon-neutrality will transform the EU’s economy. The digital transition is moving forward at different speeds across the EU. The EU Cohesion Policy will become more flexible, drawing on the lessons from the pandemic, to adapt more easily to unexpected shocks, e.g., by a higher flexibility in transferring resources.
Behaviorálne zmeny v cestovnom ruchu v čase pandémie Covid-19 v krajinách světa
Authors: Beresecká Janka , Matejková Eva , Svetlíková Veronika
Published: June 2022

Perceived as an economic power accounting for 10% of world GDP, 30% of services exports and 1 in 10 jobs in the world, tourism is one of the most affected sectors in terms of income and employment, as any restriction on the movement of people within and between countries has a negative impact on this sector. The aim of the paper is to identify which countries are most dependent on the tourism sector and to identify trends for the safe recovery of the tourism sector as an important tool for achieving a long-term, sustainable and inclusive future. The paper draws selected data from the World Travel & Tourism Council database and provides an analysis of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in 33 countries, using 8 indicators. The method of cluster analysis was used in the work. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the countries were divided into four clusters. They quantify potential changes in the behaviour of tourism participants as a consequence of travel and mobility constraints, psychological and economic factors. Finally, we present the drivers of changes in consumer behaviour in the form of several scenarios.
Hodnotenie schopnosti prírodného kapitálu poskytovať kultúrne ekosystémové služby v regiónoch SR
Authors: Makovníková Jarmila , Kološta Stanislav , Flaška Filip
Published: June 2022

Recreation and tourism, as an important category of cultural ecosystem services, is an important part of the economy and, in addition to economic importance, also contributes to improving the quality of life, overall well-being and education. The assessment and evaluation of recreation and tourism is important in the case of both managed and natural ecosystems. The aim of the paper is to provide an alternative view of the assessment and evaluation of the potential of cultural ecosystem services with a focus on the category of recreation and tourism in four model regions of the Slovak Republic with diverse natural and geographical characteristics. In evaluating we used the cartographic layer of ecosystems in model regions and a modified matrix of ecosystem services. The results in the chosen regions indicated that the terrain fragmentation in combination with higher altitude and a larger area of forests and protected areas may represent significant factors influencing the area's potential to provide various benefits from recreation and tourism within cultural ecosystem services. The relationship between the logical assumption that the higher monetary potential for recreation and tourism within the cultural ecosystem services is represented in the region, the more intensively it is used, e.g. in the form of a larger number of visitors or overnight stays, has not been shown.
Vybrané prostorové aspekty migrace specifických skupin obyvatelstva v ČR
Authors: Tonev Petr , Halás Marián , Klapka Pavel , Kraft Stanislav
Published: June 2022

As demonstrated by the results of several studies, the population does not form a homogeneous unit in terms of migration behaviour. Preferences of individual population groups may differ significantly, manifested by different choices of migration destinations, such as the type of territory or the distance involved. The contribution focuses on analysing and identifying the principal processes and trends of internal migration within the Czech Republic after 1989, emphasising the specifics of migration behaviour of different population groups depending on gender, age, education and reasons for moving, and their changes over time. The analysis used an anonymised database of internal migration between municipalities in the Czech Republic from 1991 to 2019. Based on the available data in each year, the population groups were analysed by gender, age, education, and reasons for moving. The primary results of the analysis have demonstrated that the average distance of migrations has decreased, despite a slight increase halfway through the period, and is shorter today than it was in the early 1990s. The results apply to all age groups and both genders, whereas the average distance moved is higher for men throughout the period and in most age groups. The conclusions of other studies have confirmed that the moving distance increases with education and with certain reasons for moving, such as changing the workplace or studies. On the other hand, residential or family reasons are characterised by shorter migration distances.
Abyssal vent field habitats along plate margins in the Central Indian Ocean yield new species in the genus Anatoma (Vetigastropoda: Anatomidae)
Authors: Hoffman Leon , Kniesz Katharina , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Kihara Terue C.
Published: June 2022

New species in Anatoma Woodward, 1859 (Anatomidae, Vetigastropoda) are found in abyssal hydrothermal vent field habitats on the oceanic plate margins in the Indian Ocean. Six species are identified using molecular sequence analyses of which four species are described as new based on their morphological characters: Anatoma discapex sp. nov., Anatoma declivis sp. nov., Anatoma laevapex sp. nov. and Anatoma paucisculpta sp. nov. Inadequate material was available for a morphological description of the other two species with genetic identification, but it is likely that all six species are new to science and endemic to the Indian Ocean. The northern Central Indian Ridge localities are dominated by Anatoma declivis sp. nov.; its closest relative is Anatoma discapex sp. nov. which occurs in the central area near the Rodriguez Triple Junction. Anatoma laevapex sp. nov. and Anatoma paucisculpta sp. nov. as well as a fifth undescribed species are mainly found on the Southeast Indian Ridge.
Histidylated poly(lysine) dendrimers for siRNA delivery
Authors: Allahham Nour , Buanz Asma , Brocchini Steve , Williams Gareth R.
Published: June 2022

Since its discovery, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has revolutionised the field of gene silencing therapy because of its great potential in targeting diseases that were considered untreatable. Although several siRNA drugs are already in the market, many challenges remain to be addressed before siRNA therapies can realise their full potential including extra-hepatic delivery and improved endosomal escape. Dendritic polypeptides are attractive carriers for siRNA because of their wide range of defined structures that can be made. In this work, we report the on-going development of histidylated poly(lysine) dendrimers (G3KH) as carriers for siRNA. Histidine-capped lysine dendrimers were synthesised via HBTU/HOBt coupling reaction in solution. 1H NMR data confirms the structure of G3KH dendrimers; however, although traces of impurities were also observed. Histidylated lysine dendrimers could efficiently condense short double-strand DNA oligos (used as a model for siRNA) to form cationic nanoparticles of less than 100 nm in size
A predictive value of early clinical parameters for abnormal brain MRI scan in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Hadžimuratović Emina , Hadžimuratović Admir , Pokrajac Danka , Selimović Amina , Muhasilović Senad
Published: June 2022

Introduction:Brain MRI scans can predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia. It is a common clinical practice to perform brain MRI before discharge, but brain MRI scans performed at around four months of age have a better prognostic value for a long-term neurological outcome in asphyxiated neonates. Aim: To identify which of three selected clinical parameters (oral feeding ability, muscle tone, history of seizure) evaluated 10 days after therapeutic hypothermia could predict the primary outcome of an abnormal brain MRI. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of neonates ≥ 36 completed weeks of gestation consecutively treated with therapeutic hypothermia who underwent brain MRI. Clinical parameters on day 10 after therapeutic hypothermia were correlated with brain MRI findings in the first 7-14 days of life. Logic regression analysis was performed using all three covariates of the clinical status, with an abnormal MRI as the primary outcome. Results: Brain MRI was abnormal in 42 (51.85 %) neonates with the following distribution of brain injury patterns: abnormal signal in the basal nuclei in 6, an abnormal signal in the cortex in 16, an abnormal signal both in the cortex and basal nuclei in 20 neonates. Out of three analyzed clinical parameters, feeding difficulty (P < 0.001, OR 8.3, 95% CI 2.9 - 28.9) and a history of seizures (P < 0.001, OR 11.95, 95% CI 3 - 44.5) were significantly associated with an abnormal MRI. Conclusion: Neonates who were capable of full oral feeding by day 10 after therapeutic hypothermia and had no history of seizures were unlikely to have an abnormal MRI. This may be used in selective planning of pre-discharge MRI in asphyxiated neonates.
Understanding the pedagogical gap between the educational research and the reality of teachers: an analisis of the difficulties and proposals
Authors: Galindo-Domínguez Héctor , Perines Haylen , Verde Trabada Ana , Valero Esteban José Manuel
Published: June 2022

Unlike other fields of knowledge in which research is synonymous of progress, in the educational field, research is not seen as a pillar to improve teaching practice. Taking this problem as a starting point, open responses of 264 Spanish teachers from all educational stages were analysed on the reasons why teachers do not give importance to educational research, as well as the possible proposals to improve this situation. After an inductive analysis, the findings suggest that there was a total of 19 reasons why teachers do not give importance to educational research, and 15 proposals to improve their involvement, being these categories accepted unanimously regardless the educational stage of the teachers. On the one hand, the main reasons why educational research does not impact on teaching practice were 4: lack of training, lack of time, teachers’ comfort zone and difficulty of transference of the results to the classroom. On the other hand, the main proposals to improve this situation were also 4: training throughout the university degree and throughout working life, changing the distribution of time (fewer hours of teaching and more hours of research), distribution of incentives (economic, merits ...), and proposal of practical and real topics of what the teachers need in class.
Uso problemático del móvil y diferencias de género en formación profesional
Authors: Haro Begoña , Beranuy Marta , Vega María Asunción , Calvo Fran , Carbonell Xavier
Published: June 2022

El uso del teléfono móvil entre la población estudiantil española ha sido ampliamente analizado, pero se ha centrado en muestras universitarias, de secundaria o de primaria. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el uso del teléfono móvil, sus diferencias de género y su relación con el trastorno por juego en Internet y por juego de azar en Internet en el alumnado de Formación Profesional (FP). Se realizó un estudio ex post facto retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron usos habituales del teléfono móvil, experiencias relacionadas con el mismo, el trastorno por juego en Internet y el juego patológico en línea. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1107 estudiantes de FP (55.1% varones) con una edad media de 18.8 años. El 7.9% de la muestra hacía un uso problemático del móvil y el 28.6% un uso con problemas ocasionales. Se observaron diferencias de género, con un uso más problemático entre las mujeres. Según el análisis de regresión, usar el móvil en horas lectivas, ser mujer y usuaria de películas y videojuegos fueron las variables que mejor diferenciaban aquellos participantes que presentaron un uso problemático. Para aquellos participantes que empleaban el móvil con las finalidades de juegos de azar y videojuegos, ambos en Internet, la variable que mejor diferenciaba la presencia de problemas con el uso del teléfono móvil fue el uso del mismo para jugar a videojuegos en línea. Si bien la prevalencia de problemas frecuentes con el uso del móvil es relativamente baja, el porcentaje de alumnado en riesgo no debe dejar indiferente a la comunidad educativa. Se sugiere fomentar el uso adecuado de las tecnologías en el alumnado de FP prestando especial consideración a las diferencias de género encontradas.
Aportaciones desde la teoría de la educación a la investigación de las relaciones entre cognición y tecnología digital
Authors: Pattier Daniel , Reyero David
Published: June 2022

En las últimas décadas se ha producido una irrupción de la tecnología digital en importantes ámbitos de la sociedad. Numerosos estudios parecen probar que el uso continuado de dispositivos tecnológicos ha tenido efectos en las capacidades cognitivas del ser humano, que afectan directamente al proceso educativo. El objetivo de este artículo es extraer algunas conclusiones, desde la evidencia científica, sobre los cambios pedagógicos necesarios para acoger esta realidad cada vez más patente en el ámbito educativo. Estos cambios tienen efectos tanto en la práctica de los educadores como en su propia comprensión como profesionales. Con este fin, se estructura el trabajo en tres apartados que generan, conjuntamente, una unidad reflexiva. En primer lugar, se realiza un acercamiento desde la teoría al problemático concepto de tecnología. En segundo lugar, se exponen ejemplos de estudios que evidencian el impacto de la tecnología en las capacidades cognitivas que afectan directamente a la educación (atención, concentración, memoria, reflexión, flexibilidad cognitiva, autonomía y planificación). En tercer lugar, se exploran las relaciones que la tecnología tiene en los procesos cognitivos, y desde ahí en la propia formación personal, partiendo de los clásicos criterios de R. S. Peters. La pedagogía, como ciencia normativa, debe ayudar al ser humano a emitir juicios que permitan la reflexión sobre el mejor uso posible de los medios tecnológicos, y no simplemente validar acríticamente su utilización. Estas contribuciones se encuadran dentro de dos principios de acción. Por un lado, la necesidad de reducir el impacto tecnológico negativo que procede del uso continuado de dispositivos digitales. Por otro, el aprovechamiento de las posibilidades que esta tecnología también ofrece.
Analysis of exercise behavior and health promotion behavior according to the Theory of Planned Behavior in Taiwanese older adults
Authors: Yang Chin-Cheng , Sia Wei-Yeng , Mao Tso-Yen , Shen Chih-Chien , Hsiao Ching-Lin
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze exercise behavior and health promotion behavior in Taiwanese older adults who regularly participated in exercise courses in an elderly community care center. This analysis was done according to the Theory of Planned Behavior. A survey was conducted on 100 older adults (more than 65 years old) of Central Taiwan. After eliminating the invalid questionnaires, 87 questionnaires were taken back successfully (valid response rate = 87%). Questionnaire data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. It was found that the ability to maintain exercise was the most important factor for engaging in health promotion activities. The participation in health exercise courses in a community care center can help older adults to maintain good physical health and can increase social interaction and participation in the community. Therefore, the community health exercise courses are an effective strategy to maintain the regular exercise behavior of older adults in Taiwan.

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la conducta de ejercicio y de promoción de la salud en adultos mayores taiwaneses que participaban regularmente en cursos de ejercicio en un centro comunitario de cuidado de ancianos. Este análisis se hizo según la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado. Se realizó una encuesta a 100 adultos mayores (más de 65 años) de Taiwán central. Después de eliminar los cuestionarios no válidos, 87 cuestionarios se recuperaron con éxito (tasa de respuesta válida = 87%). Los datos del cuestionario se analizaron mediante análisis descriptivo, análisis factorial confirmatorio y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Se encontró que la capacidad para mantener el ejercicio fue el factor más importante para participar en actividades de promoción de la salud. La participación en cursos de ejercicios para la salud en un centro de atención comunitario puede ayudar a los adultos mayores a mantener una buena salud física y puede aumentar su interacción social y su participación en la comunidad. Por lo tanto, los cursos comunitarios de ejercicios para la salud son una estrategia eficaz para mantener el comportamiento de ejercicio regular de los adultos mayores en Taiwán.
Clinical management and emerging therapies of FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasia in childhood
Authors: Kim Hwa Young , Ko Jung Min
Published: June 2022

Skeletal dysplasia is a diverse group of disorders that affect bone development and morphology. Currently, approximately 461 different genetic skeletal disorders have been identified, with over 430 causative genes. Among these, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)-related skeletal dysplasia is a relatively common subgroup of skeletal dysplasia. Pediatric endocrinologists may encounter a suspected case of skeletal dysplasia in their practice, especially when evaluating children with short stature. Early and accurate diagnosis of FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasia is essential for timely management of complications and genetic counseling. This review summarizes 5 representative and distinct entities of skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in FGFR3 and discusses emerging therapies for FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasias.
POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPING A SERVQUAL MODEL FOR MEASURING USER SATISFACTION
Authors: Macura Perica , Smiljanić Aleksandar
Published: June 2022

This paper will explore the possibility of adapting the original SERVQUAL model for measuring customer satisfaction. The possibility of developing this model is given through its adaptation in practice. When it comes to services, customization of the original model is necessary due to their intangible nature. In the empirical part, the analysis of the level of user satisfaction with innovative electronic products and services of banks will be conducted through five dimensions of the adapted SERVQUAL model: efficiency, reliability, responsibility, trustworthiness and kindness, where the differences between the characteristics of an excellent bank and the consumer’s perception of the performed services of the bank were examined. The collected data were statistically processed in the IBM SPSS program and included in the regression analysis, correlation matrix formation, as well as the analysis of importance – performance. The results of this research can provide additional useful information to decision makers to identify which dimensions of satisfaction with the service cause a sense of happiness in a customer, and which dimensions offer room for improvement of the service levels, in order to achieve the goal – a happy and satisfied customer.
HARMONIZATION OF THE MARKETING AND ACCOUNTING ACTIVITIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GROWTH STRATEGY
Authors: Gajić Predrag , Macura Perica
Published: June 2022

This research is an attempt to emphasize the interdependence of the accounting and marketing functions in the segment of the growth strategy implementation with an attempt to increase the market share. In this process, activity-based management and activity-based costing were used as recommended instruments, with analytical activities and implementation (operational) activities in the application of the mentioned strategy considered separately. In both cases, the analysis was performed from the standpoint of the need to identify activities and costs of non-production departments, such as marketing and accounting, by individual cost objects, which are, in this case, target markets where the growth strategy will be applied. In this way, it will be possible to concretize the target character of such costs and an objective approach when linking them to cost objects, because the cost of such activities is pooled out from the costs of marketing department whose costs are mostly budgeted as a unique whole. In operational terms, this will enable a number of decisions, such as: whether to outsource the analysis of the effects of entering new markets or to do it within the company, whether and how to standardize time and costs of non-production activities; whether there is an economic justification for entering new markets based on planned results that include the consumption of resources of identified non-production activities that are commonly “hidden” in the aggregate cost values of these and other functions.
ENERGY GENERATION AND AGGREGATE OUTPUT IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM NARDL
Authors: Adejumo Musibau Ojo , Adefabi Rasak Adetunji
Published: June 2022

Energy generation has received a little or no attention over a period of time. Most scholars are focused on energy consumption and economic growth. This study empirically examined the asymmetric impact of energy generation on aggregate output in Nigeria between 1980 and 2019 using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) Model. The stationarity test was conducted on the variables employed to avoid spurious regression. The result revealed that the variables were mixed at level and the first difference. The bound test result revealed that the variables are not cointegrated in the long run. Also, Wald test indicates that energy generation has short run impact on aggregate output in Nigeria. As revealed from the empirical results, from all sources of significant energy generation in Nigeria, gas generation brings the desired result to aggregate output in Nigeria. The study therefore suggests that action should refocus on the gas production subsector. This subsector needs to be developed carefully to avoid wasting this energy source by incineration. Also, the government should redirect those subsidies for petroleum products to the gas generation subsector.
A Clustering Algorithm for Tumor Gene Data Based on Improved DPC Algorithm
Authors:   Computer Department, Qinhuangdao Radio and Television University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China, Wang Wei , Gao Bo
Published: June 2022

Cluster analysis is a principal approach to discover unknown tumor subtypes. Innovative and effective cluster analysis methods are of great significance for tumor diagnosis and malignant tumor treatment. Existing studies on the cluster analysis of tumor gene data generally have defects in aspects such as unsatisfactory performance in clustering high-dimensional and high-noise data, and insufficient accuracy in selecting cluster centers. To overcome these defects, this paper performed cluster analysis on tumor gene data based on an improved Density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm. At first, this paper elaborated on the composition and storage format of tumor tissue samples used in the experiment, gave the tumor gene expression profile data in the matrix format, and introduced the preprocessing process of gene expression profile data. Then, this paper carried out feature selection of tumor gene expression profile data. At last, this paper innovatively divided the target gene density into two parts of K-nearest neighbor local density and neighborhood density, thereby completing the improvement of conventional DPC algorithm and expanding its application scenarios. Combining with experiment, the clustering results of the algorithm before and after introducing the idea of Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) were given, which had verified the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper.
A Key Protein Recognition Algorithm Based on High-order Complex Protein Network
Authors:   Information Management Center, Hohhot Vocational College, Hohhot 010010, Chinа, Wang Xiaojing
Published: June 2022

Although the existing protein recognition methods have improved the recognition accuracy of key proteins to a certain extent, they have ignored the biological features of the proteins. In view of this shortcoming, this paper constructed a high-order dynamic complex protein network for key protein recognition. At first, this paper presented a method for feature selection and candidate set evaluation of complex protein network; a weighted network was constructed based on the obtained topological features of the complex protein network and the semantic similarity of protein gene ontology annotations. Then, this paper proposed an algorithm for recognizing key proteins in high-order dynamic protein network based on a Fruit fly optimization algorithm. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed model was verified by experimental results.
Waveform detection by deep learning reveals multi-area spindles that are selectively modulated by memory load
Authors: Mofrad Maryam H , Gilmore Greydon , Koller Dominik , Mirsattari Seyed M , Burneo Jorge G , Steven David A , Khan Ali R , Suller Marti Ana , Muller Lyle
Published: June 2022

Sleep is generally considered to be a state of large-scale synchrony across thalamus and neocortex; however, recent work has challenged this idea by reporting isolated sleep rhythms such as slow oscillations and spindles. What is the spatial scale of sleep rhythms? To answer this question, we adapted deep learning algorithms initially developed for detecting earthquakes and gravitational waves in high-noise settings for analysis of neural recordings in sleep. We then studied sleep spindles in non-human primate electrocorticography (ECoG), human electroencephalogram (EEG), and clinical intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) recordings in the human. Within each recording type, we find widespread spindles occur much more frequently than previously reported. We then analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of these large-scale, multi-area spindles and, in the EEG recordings, how spindle patterns change following a visual memory task. Our results reveal a potential role for widespread, multi-area spindles in consolidation of memories in networks widely distributed across primate cortex.
The Development of Supplement Book of Mycorrhizal Spore Based on Science Literacy at The Campus Forest in State University of Medan
Authors: Sirait Gloria , Hasairin Ashar , Edi Syahmi
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the supplement book of mycorrhizal spore based on science literacy at the campus forest in State University of Medan that has been developed. The subjects of this research are material experts, learning experts, design experts, and students who take the Lower Level Organism Taxonomy course in the Department of Biology, State University of Medan. Research and development (R and D) with the Thiagarajan (4D) model, namely: (1) Define data taken from the results of student needs analysis and get a score of 69% Students to need mycorrhizal spore supplement books based on scientific literacy, (2) Design the outline of the supplement book produces four chapters that will be discussed, namely, introduction, the development of mycorrhizae in the tropics, methods of observing mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal fungi on mahogany trees in the Unimed campus forest, (3) Development of field research that has been carried out to obtain results. the results of three genera of mycorrhizal spores found under the tree Swietenia mahogany L, namely Glomus sp. with 28 types of spores, Gigaspora sp. with 4 types of spores, and Acaulospora sp. with 3 types of spores. After the observation results are obtained, it is developed into a supplement book that will be tested for feasibility. The results of the material expert assessment obtained a score of 81% in the very worthy category and 95% for the assessment of scientific literacy aspects in the very worthy category, and the results of the learning expert assessment obtained a score of 85.5% in the very worthy category and the results of the design expert assessment obtained a score of 86.6% in the very worthy category. After the book is declared worthy, the fourth stage is carried out. Dissemination (dissemination) is carried out by individual product trials obtaining a score of 87% in the very worthy category, the small group test obtaining a very worthy score of 89%, and the limited group test obtaining a score of 87% in the very worthy category. To prove whether the developed supplement book is effective for use in the Lower Level Organism Taxonomy course, the N-Gain test obtained a score of 63% in the category of quite effective.
Enterobacteriaceae Therapy using Bacteriophages: A Review
Authors: Udomessien C. K. , Okon N. E. , Ubah C. B. , Oti V. B. , Ioannou M. , Ufot E. A.
Published: June 2022

Enterobacteriaceae are a family of bacteria, including many familiar pathogens that cause signs of diarrhoea in humans and animals, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Klebsiella. Enterobacteriaceae, the first Gram-negative bacteria, are bacilli (rod-shaped) facultative anaerobes. They ferment sugars to produce lactic acid and other end products. They are usually about 1-5 μm in length. Most are motile because of many flagella; however, a few genera are non-motile. They do not form spores. Most Enterobacteriaceae members have fimbriae necessary for the adhesion of the bacterial cells to their hosts. They are economically significant and thus a considerable concern because they cause the deaths of millions of people each year, resulting in a significant situation to curb their infection. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, there is an urgency to search for replacement therapies against bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. To find a solution to this traumatic problem, studies have been launched in the areas of bacteriophages and their therapeutic application as a significant replacement for antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy utilizes a different mechanism in destroying bacteria; hence, it is a better alternative to antibiotics. This review sheds light on Enterobacteriaceae and bacteriophage therapy, as well as the history of bacteriophage therapy, its mode of lysing bacteria and formulations of phages.
Does Internal Fund Create Trouble for Firms? The Effect of Investment and Dividend Policy toward Firm Value
Authors: Yusup Adi Kurniawan , Widyarini Lydia Ari , Hongdiyanto Charly
Published: June 2022

Agency theory occurs when shareholders recruit a manager to manage the company. Both shareholders and managers tend to work in their best interests. The free cash flow hypothesis states that managers tend to use internal funds to invest in an unprofitable project rather than pay a dividend to shareholders. This research investigates whether internal fund available creates trouble (agency conflict) that can reduce the firm value in Indonesia's company by examining the relationship of operating cash flow as the source of internal funds to firm value through investment decision and dividend policy. The research object is the consumer non-cyclical sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015-to 2019. The purposive sampling technique selects forty-seven companies. Panel data was analyzed using two stages least square (2SLS). This research finds that operating cash flow positively affects firm value. Nonetheless, operating cash flow does not affect firm value through investment decisions and dividend policy in Indonesia.
Do Servant Teachers Practice What They Preach? A Case of Academic Servant Leadership in A Faith-Based School in Indonesia
Authors: Angella Natha Bella , Wang Ricky
Published: June 2022

Servant Leadership has been considered as significant to improve the leadership of educational leaders including the one at schools. This research explores the academic leadership in a faith based Senior Highschool in Indonesia. The research involves a mix method of interview and questionnaire survey with the purpose of confirming the understanding and enactment of servant leadership by the teachers. This study was guided by the central question ‘To what extent the teachers understand Servant Leadership? To what extent the teachers have practiced Servant Leadership (SL)?’ for interviewing the teachers. The authors apply the Servant Leadership Behavior Scale as the theoretical foundation and statement items for 261 students. The collected data are then processed using qualitative data analysis which involves a reiterative process of data display, data condensation and conclusion drawing. The authors concluded that teachers understand Servant Leadership as ‘mengutamakan orang lain’ (prioritizing others), mendengarkan (listening), dan mau terlibat/mendampingi (being involved) and in they have been practicing SL as in line with the understanding. These understanding and practice have been confirmed by the findings from the questionnaire that 3 out of 6 dimensions of SLBS that have been understood and implemented well, specifically: Voluntary Subordination, Covenantal Relationship, and Transforming Influence.
Microstructure Characterization of Nickel Matrix Composite Reinforced with Tungsten Carbide Particles and Produced by Laser Cladding
Authors: Domitner Josef , Silvayeh Zahra , Buzolin Ricardo Henrique , Krisam Sabine , Achterhold Klaus , Povoden-Karadeniz Erwin , Sommitsch Christof , Mayr Peter
Published: June 2022

Detailed experimental characterization of a laser‐clad metal matrix composite (MMC) consisting of hard tungsten carbide particles embedded in a comparatively soft nickel‐based matrix is provided. Special focus of the investigations is placed on the relationship between the microstructure of the as‐deposited reinforcing particles and their hardness. Therefore, thermally induced dissolution of carbides caused by laser metal deposition (LMD) processing is studied. The as‐received powder blend mainly consists of fused spherical particles of ditungsten carbides (W2C, W2C1−x) and monotungsten carbides (WC, WC1−x). Dissolution of large particles at the matrix/particle interfaces and fragmentation or even complete dissolution of small particles due to the high process temperature of LMD is observed. Primary W2C/W2C1−x phases are partially dissoluted, and layers of secondary WC/NixWyC phases are formed at the matrix/particle interfaces. As these surface layers are less hard than the as‐received particles, the local hardness gradually decreases from the inner region of the particles across the surface layer toward the matrix, which is supposed to improve bonding of the particles inside the matrix. The hardness depends on the grain size and on the crystal structure of the carbides. Even when the crystal structures are identical, particles consisting of fine grains have considerably higher hardness than particles consisting of coarse grains.
Rational Design of Wood‐Structured Thick Electrode for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Xu Jikun , Lei Jingfang , Ming Nannan , Zhang Chuntao , Huo Kaifu
Published: June 2022

It is a natural choice to realize the vision of wood‐inspired functional materials for energy engineering. Apart from being naturally abundant, renewable, and biodegradable, wood‐based devices possess hierarchically porous structures, mechanical integrity and flexibility, and tunable functionalities, holding the potential to significantly push the boundaries of efficient energy storage and conversion. Meanwhile, the hunting of batteries with superior energy/power output to redeem the ever‐growing energy demand has ignited a thick electrode conception, which is deemed as a burgeoning technic to maneuver the maximum active material loading at the device‐scale. As an integrated carbonaceous scaffold with hierarchical architecture and aligned channels, wood thick electrode ameliorates the ion/electron conductivities to strengthen the charge transfer kinetics. In this review, the rational design and unique prospects in the construction of wood thick electrodes that concerns over structural optimization and low‐tortuosity for integrated cell configuration are summarized. To trap the structure‐feature‐performance interplays, advanced wood thick electrode that opens an avenue in emerging energy chemistries such as supercapacitors, lithium‐ion/metal and post‐rechargeable batteries are also spotlighted with a standpoint on task‐tailored modification. Ultimately, the blueprint over ongoing challenges and upcoming opportunities for wood‐structured thick electrode is drawn to broaden their brand‐new energy talents.
Phase Engineering and Alkali Cation Stabilization for 1T Molybdenum Dichalcogenides Monolayers
Authors: Liu Fu , Zou Yiming , Tang Xiaoyu , Mao Lei , Du Dou , Wang Helin , Zhang Min , Wang Zhiqiao , Yao Ning , Zhao Wenyu , Bai Miao , Zhao Ting , Liu Yujie , Ma Yue
Published: June 2022

The technological barriers of the dimensional engineering and interfacial instability seriously hinder the scalable production of metallic (1T) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) monolayers. In this article, a facile and fast electron injection strategy is developed to modulate the d orbits of Mo center in trigonal prismatic 2H phases (MoS2 and MoSe2); meanwhile various cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) reinforce the in‐plane 1T‐atomic arrangement and expand the out‐of‐plane spacing for easy exfoliation. Theoretical and experimental evaluations further elucidate the decisive electron‐donating capability and suitable ionic radius in stabilizing 1T coordination. The as‐tailored 1T‐MoS2/MoSe2 anodes can achieve the robust Na+ storage in the half cells (5000 cycles at 5 A g–1) and extreme power output of 3134.9 W kg–1 in the full cell. This phase‐engineering approach enables the precise dimensional manipulation of the 1T TMDs, which further extends their application horizons as the cation host for the power‐oriented battery systems.
Artificially Intelligent Nanoarray Detects Various Cancers by Liquid Biopsy of Volatile Markers
Authors: Einoch Amor Reef , Zinger Assaf , Broza Yoav Y. , Schroeder Avi , Haick Hossam
Published: June 2022

Cancer is usually not symptomatic in its early stages. However, early detection can vastly improve prognosis. Liquid biopsy holds great promise for early detection, although it still suffers from many disadvantages, mainly searching for specific cancer biomarkers. Here, a new approach for liquid biopsies is proposed, based on volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns in the blood headspace. An artificial intelligence nanoarray based on a varied set of chemi‐sensitive nano‐based structured films is developed and used to detect and stage cancer. As a proof‐of‐concept, three cancer models are tested showing high incidence and mortality rates in the population: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The nanoarray has >84% accuracy, >81% sensitivity, and >80% specificity for early detection and >97% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and >88% specificity for metastasis detection. Complementary mass spectrometry analysis validates these results. The ability to analyze such a complex biological fluid as blood, while considering data of many VOCs at a time using the artificially intelligent nanoarray, increases the sensitivity of predictive models and leads to a potential efficient early diagnosis and disease‐monitoring tool for cancer.
Structure and Evolution of Quasi‐Solid‐State Hybrid Electrolytes Formed Inside Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Utomo Nyalaliska W. , Deng Yue , Zhao Qing , Liu Xiaotun , Archer Lynden A.
Published: June 2022

Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) formed inside an electrochemical cell by polymerization of a liquid precursor provide a promising strategy for overcoming problems with electrolyte wetting in solid‐state batteries. Hybrid solid‐state polymer electrolytes (HSPEs) created by in situ polymerization of a conventional liquid precursor containing electrochemically inert nanostructures are of particular interest because they offer a mechanism for selectively reinforcing or adding new functionalities to the electrolyte—removing the need for high degrees of polymerization. The synthesis, structure, chemical kinetics, ion‐transport properties and electrochemical characteristics of HSPEs created by Al(OTf)3‐initiated polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) containing hairy, nano‐sized SiO2 particles are reported. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals the particles are well‐dispersed in liquid DOL. Strong interaction between poly(ethylene glycol) molecules tethered to the SiO2 particles and poly(DOL) lead to co‐crystallization—anchoring the nanoparticles in their host It also enables polymerization–depolymerization processes in DOL to be studied and controlled. The utility of the in‐situ‐formed HSPE, is demonstrated first in Li|HSPE|Cu half cells, which manifest Coulombic efficiencies (CE) values approaching 99%. HSPEs are also demonstrated in solid‐state lithium–sulfur–polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) composite full‐cell batteries. The in‐situ‐formed Li|HSPE|SPAN cells show good cycling stability and thus provide a promising path toward all‐solid‐state batteries.
Versatile Sequential Casting Processing for Highly Efficient and Stable Binary Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: He Chengliang , Pan Youwen , Lu Guanghao , Wu Baohua , Xia Xinxin , Ma Chang‐Qi , Chen Zeng , Zhu Haiming , Lu Xinhui , Ma Wei , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng
Published: June 2022

Forming an ideal bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology is a critical issue governing the photon to electron process in organic solar cells (OSCs). Complementary to the widely‐used blend casting (BC) method for BHJ construction, sequential casting (SC) can also enable similar or even better morphology and device performance for OSCs. Here, BC and SC methods on three representative donor:acceptor (D:A) blends are utilized, that is, PM6:PC71BM, PM6:IT‐4F and PM6:L8‐BO. Higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in all cases by taking advantage of beneficial morphology from SC processing are achieved, and a champion PCE of 18.86% (certified as 18.44%) based on the PM6:L8‐BO blend is reached, representing the record value among binary OSCs. The observations on phase separation and vertical distribution inspire the proposal of the swelling–intercalation phase‐separation model to interpret the morphology evolution during SC processing. Further, the vertical phase segregation is found to deliver an improvement of device performance via affecting the charge transport and collection processes, as evidenced by the D:A‐ratio‐dependent photovoltaic properties. Besides, OSCs based on SC processing show advantages on device photostability and upscale fabrication. This work demonstrates the versatility and efficacy of the SC method for BHJ‐based OSCs.
Synergistic Crystallization and Passivation by a Single Molecular Additive for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Xinyi , Zhang Jing , Su Hang , Guo Xu , Hu Yingjie , Liu Dongle , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Gao Lili , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: June 2022

With its power conversion efficiency surpassing those of all other thin‐film solar cells only a few years after its invention, the perovskite solar cell has become a superstar. Controlling the intermediate phase of crystallization is a key to obtaining high‐quality perovskite films. Herein, a single molecule additive, N,N‐dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydroiodide (DIAI), is incorporated into the perovskite precursor to eliminate the influence of intermediate phases. By taking advantage of the interaction of DIAI and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the intermediate phase FAI‐PbI2‐DMSO complex is eliminated, and δ‐FAPbI3 is entirely converted to the desired α‐FAPbI3 during the crystallization step, resulting in enlarged grain size and improved crystalline quality. This is the first observation in the solution method that FAPbI3 can be obtained without an intermediate phase for high‐performance perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, DIAI is effective at passivating surface defects, resulting in reduced defect density, increased carrier lifetime, and improved device efficiency and stability. The champion device achieves an efficiency of 24.13%. Furthermore, the bare device without any encapsulation maintains 94.1% of its initial efficiency after ambient exposure over 1000h. This work contributes a strategy of synergistic crystallization and passivation to directly form α‐FAPbI3 from the precursor solution without the influence of intermediate impurities for high‐performance perovskite applications.