bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine during superficial combined with ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block in total thyroidectomy
Authors: Elshayeb Mohamed S.A. , Shafshak Wafaa M. , Zanati Ola M.E. , Eldin Hesham M.G.
Published: March 2023

Background

Many thyroidectomy patients suffer from pain after surgery that may delay early hospital discharge and place a significant burden on both the patient and the healthcare team. The aim of this study was to evaluate dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in superficial and ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.

Patients and methods

This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, and controlled study included 50 adult patients of either sex, aged 20–60 years, with American Society of Anathesiologists (ASA) class I or II, scheduled for elective total thyroidectomy under general anesthesia.

Results

Adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine significantly decreased the pain intensity as measured by the visual analog scale compared with group II. Heart rate levels in group I were significantly lower than that in group II in most periods of measurement. The duration of analgesia was prolonged in group I compared with group II, as the time to first dose of rescue analgesia ranged from 12 to 20 h in group I and from 4 to 12 h in group II. The total postoperative nalbuphine consumption was significantly lower in group I than group II. Postanesthesia recovery was significantly faster in group I than group II as measured by the modified Aldrete score 4 min postoperatively.

Conclusion

Adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for bilateral superficial and ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block is considered to be an effective and safe method that efficiently managed acute postoperative pain, prolonged the time to first rescue analgesia, and reduced the needed for opioid consumption.
Efficacy of simvastatin in treating patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hassanin Abeer A.M. , Ali Nagy S. , Abd El Naeem Emad A. , Mahran Mokhtar M.
Published: March 2023

Background/aim

Mortality and morbidity in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are still high. Understanding the role of new treatments in these patients is critical. So the potential role of simvastatin in the treatment of TBI patients was examined in this research.

Methods

40 patients with acute TBI who were admitted to the ICU were split into two groups; the control group received standard care and head trauma protocol medications for 7 days, while the study group also received standard care and head trauma protocol medications but also received simvastatin 80 mg the first day and 40 mg every day for 6 days. ICU duration of stay and mortality, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Glasgow coma scale, amyloid precursor protein serum level at admission, 3 and 5 days after admission, and Glasgow outcome scale at discharge, 3 and 6 months after discharge were all noted.

Results

We found that the simvastatin group’s Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at discharge had decreased significantly. The simvastatin group also showed greater Glasgow coma scale improvement beginning on day 3 of admission and continuing until day 7. When compared with the control group, simvastatin-treated patients had significantly lower levels of amyloid precursor protein on the third and fifth days of hospitalization. Patients using simvastatin had better Glasgow outcome scale results as compared with the control group.

Conclusion

We concluded that simvastatin has a promising effect in individuals with acute TBI.
Effect of noradrenaline infusion in central venous catheter versus external jugular vein on the outcome of septic shock patients
Authors: El-Morsy Amr A. , Dahroug Amr H. , Ali Asmaa A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Sepsis is a medical life-threatening emergency that involves dysfunction of an organ induced by the host’s dysregulated extreme response toward an infection. Sepsis is prominent worldwide causing septic mortality and numerous critical illnesses. Septic shock is defined as severe persisting hypotension that is induced by sepsis although there is an adequate resuscitation of fluids.

Objective

This study aim was to assess the use of central venous catheter (CVC) and peripheral (external jugular) vein for low or moderate doses of noradrenaline regarding the outcome of septic shock among patients who are diagnosed with critical illnesses.

Patients and methods

This study is a prospective cohort study involving 120 patients according to sample size calculation with septic shock who were sorted randomly into two groups. Group I (the group involving the external jugular): 60 patients experienced septic shock and received low or moderate doses of noradrenaline in the external jugular vein. Group II (CVC group): 60 patients diagnosed with septic shock and received low or moderate noradrenaline doses in the CVC.

Results

Low or moderate doses of noradrenaline in the jugular line was associated with significantly higher blood pressure on day 7, and lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score on days 5 and 7 than the CVC group. There was a difference that is statistically significant between ICU-involved duration of stay among the two involved study groups as it was found lower significantly among the jugular group.

Conclusion

Low or moderate doses of noradrenaline can be administered safely within the peripheral line (jugular) in patients with septic shock with minor complications causing a decrease in the duration of ICU stay.
Supraclavicular block evaluation in oncoorthopedic patients under general anesthesia using perfusion index
Authors: Shah Shagun Bhatia , Jaipuria Jiten , Dubey Mamta , Vishnoi Gunjan , Chawla Rajiv , Bhargava Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background:

Supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks (SCBPB) are routinely placed prior to anaesthetic induction for post-operative pain relief after prolonged orthopaedic oncosurgery, since patients are required to remain awake for sensorimotor evaluation of block. If the window period after surgery but before anesthesia-reversal is employed for administering SCBPB, it bestows the quadruple advantage of being painless, not augmenting surgical bleed, longer post-operative analgesia and reduced opioid-related side effects. The problem spot is assessing SCBPB-efficacy under general anesthesia.

Methods:

This prospective, single-centric, observational cohort study included 30 patients undergoing upper limb orthopaedic oncosurgery under general anesthesia. Perfusion index (PI) was assessed using two separate units of Radical-7™ finger pulse co-oximetry devices simultaneously in both the upper limbs and PI ratios calculated. Skin temperature was noted.

Results:

After successful block, PI values in blocked limb suddenly increased after 5 min, progressively increasing for next 10 min, whereas PI failed to increase further above that attained post anaesthetic-induction in unblocked limb. PI values in the blocked limb were 4.32, 4.49, 4.95, 7.25, 7.71, 7.90, 7.94, 7.89, and 7.93 at 0, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min post block-institution at reversal and 2 min, 5 min post-reversal, respectively. PI ratios at 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min post block-administration in the blocked limb, taking PI at local anaesthetic injection as denominator were 1.04, 1.15, 1.67, 1.78, and 1.83, respectively. Correlation between PI and skin temperature in the blocked limb gave a repeated measures correlation coefficient of 0.79.

Conclusion:

Monitoring trends in PI and PI-ratio in the blocked limb is a quantitative, non-invasive, inexpensive, simple, effective technique to monitor SCBPB-onset in anaesthetised patients.
Cholecystectomy in a patient with Broncho pleural fistula – An Anesthesiologist's tight rope walk
Authors: Tharsis Reshma P. , Thalepaddy Megha , Kaasat Ankita
Published: March 2023

Patients presenting for surgery postlobectomy with Broncho pleural fistula are prone for perioperative respiratory complications and pose a significant challenge to anesthetist. Published data to guide perioperative management of such cases especially for abdominal surgeries are scarce. We describe a 51-year-old gentleman status postlobectomy with Broncho pleural fistula posted for cholecystectomy in view of symptomatic gallstones. Laparoscopic surgery was later converted to open surgery in view of surgical difficulties. Perioperative period was uneventful and proper modes of analgesia helped in faster recovery. Proper understanding of physiological and anatomical changes and proper planning of anesthesia facilitated safe and uneventful anesthesia.
Comparison of the ease of insertion and complications of the classical method of laryngeal mask airway insertion with an alternative method
Authors: Farbood Arash , Tayyebi Ghasem , Naderi-Boldaji Vida , Asmarian Naeimehossadat
Published: March 2023

Background and Goal:

Laryngeal mask airway (LMA), a supraglottic device for airway management and ventilation, is used both in emergencies, out of the operating room, and in the operating room during general anesthesia. This study aims to compare the success rate and complications of the classic insertion method (with a semi-inflated cuff) and another technique using the index and middle fingers of the second hand to prevent retroversion of the mask tip (alternative method).

Methods and Materials:

In total, 288 patients scheduled for short-time ophthalmologic elective surgeries under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups for LMA placement; group C, classical method (with semi-inflated cuff), and group A, alternative method. Difficulty in placement, insertion duration, and the number of attempts were studied. Assessment of pharyngolaryngeal complications (blinded assessor) was made at the time of LMA removal.

Findings:

The success rate of LMA insertion in the classic group with first, second, and third attempts were 86.3%, 93.5%, and 94.2%, respectively, whereas in the alternative group these values in the first and second attempts were 98.6% and 100%, respectively, and there was no need for the third attempt. Insertion time was not significantly different. There was no meaningful difference between the rate of the bloody streak on the mask (P = 0.37) and the incidence of sore throat (P = 0.048) in the two groups of the study.

Conclusion:

This newly introduced technique can be considered as an alternative method when a difficult insertion situation is suspected or the classic technique of insertion has failed.
MFO-RIMS Tandem Workshop: Nonlocality in Analysis, Probability and Statistics
Authors: Bogdan Krzystzof , Kohatsu-Higa Arturo , Ros-Oton Xavier , Schilling René L.
Published: March 2023

The central theme of the workshop were nonlocal operators which appear in various branches of mathematics (PDEs, fractional calculus, stochastic processes, statistics). Although the basic concepts are similar, both language and methods differ depending on one’s own community. The aim of the workshop was to bring together leading researchers from these disciplines, in order to alert the different communities about the problems, methods, and progress achieved separately, and to bridge the gap caused by different background and different mathematical terminology.
Mini-Workshop: Recent Developments in Representation Theory and Mathematical Physics
Authors: Dimofte Tudor , Heidersdorf Thorsten , Stroppel Catharina
Published: March 2023

This mini-workshop was devoted to foster the interactions between mathematicians and mathematical physicists who are working on questions related to representation theory. This includes for example the representation theory of supergroups, vertex operator algebras and quantum groups. Another focus was on link and manifold invariants and TQFTs.
Multiscale Coupled Models for Complex Media: From Analysis to Simulation in Geophysics and Medicine
Authors: Peszynska Malgorzata , Pop Iuliu Sorin , Wohlmuth Barbara , Yosibash Zohar
Published: March 2023

Many real-life applications require mathematical models at multiple scales, defined in domains with complex structures, some of which having time dependent boundaries. Mathematical models of this type are encountered in seemingly disparate areas e.g., flow and deformation in the subsurface or beneath the ocean floor, and in processes of clinical relevance. While the areas are different, the structure of the models and the challenges are shared: the analysis and simulation must account for the evolution of the domain due to the many coupled processes in the multi-scale context. The key theme and focus of the workshop were novel ideas in the mathematical modeling, analysis, and numerical simulation, which are cross-cutting between the two application areas mentioned above. The talks have covered the mathematical treatment of such problems, as well as the development of efficent numerical discretization schemes and of solvers for large-scale problems.
Mini-Workshop: Interpolation, Approximation, and Algebra
Authors: de Boor Carl , Sauer Tomas , Schenck Henry K. , Sorokina Tatyana
Published: March 2023

This report involves two concepts of geometric modeling: multivariate data interpolation by polynomials, and the study of generalized barycentric coordinates. These topics are connected to a wide range of of applications, from computer aided design (CAD) systems for designing airplanes and automobiles to animation in movies to problems in numerical analysis and partial differential equations. Traditionally these topics were studied mostly from an analytic standpoint, but recently advanced algebraic tools have come into the picture. The purpose of the mini-workshop was to bring together a diverse group of researchers with different areas of expertise, drawing from both the approximation theory and algebraic geometry communities, and to explore the connections between the two areas in greater detail.
Hydrogen Fuel System for Aircraft
Authors: Sarkar Subrata , Grandi Giada , Patel Sahil
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen propulsion is crucial for achieving zero carbon emissions in commercial
aviation. The aircraft’s power can be generated through hydrogen combustion in a
gas turbine engine and electricity through the fuel cell. Though promising, it
poses several challenges for implementation, such as the large volume and
structural modification required to carry cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2). Also,
the current jet fuel system used in commercial aviation needs significant
changes to incorporate hydrogen aircraft. The primary objective of this study
was to analyze the Hypothesis related to Liquid Hydrogen Aircraft, which will
help define the hydrogen fuel system. The theories were:

A pressurization system is essential to maintain the
LH2 tank pressure within the safe
limit,

Gaseous hydrogen transformed
from Liquid Hydrogen is suitable for tank
pressurization,

Possible to maintain
Cryogenic tank conditions during night non-operation
time.

A simplified Aircraft Hydrogen system was modeled and analyzed for 120 minutes of
flight operation and 360 minutes of ground non-operation. The analysis shows
that tank insulations are crucial in deciding tank pressurization and cryogenic
equilibrium.
Influence of Hot Extrusion Process on Tensile Properties and
Microstructures of Aluminium 6061 Hybrid Composite
Authors: Khan Saleem , Suryanarayana Ramesh Chinnakurli , Adarsha H. , Suresh Kumar R.
Published: March 2023

In this research, the aim is to investigate the tensile properties and
microstructures of Aluminium 6061 hybrid composite before and after extrusion.
Aluminium 6061 Hybrid composite was fabricated using Stir casting technique with
6 Weight % silicon nitride (Si3N4) coated with nickel and
1Weight % carbon fiber (Cf) coated with copper as reinforcements
followed by extrusion process. The tensile properties and microstructures of
extruded hybrid composite was investigated and compared with as-cast hybrid
composite. The microstructure of the hybrid composite showed excellent bonding
between matrix and reinforcements interface. The hot extruded hybrid composite
exhibited enhanced yield strength (44%), ultimate tensile strength (33%) and %
elongation (20%) when compared with as-cast hybrid composite. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used
to observe the fracture surfaces of tensile testing specimens.
Control Design under Limitation of Motor Current for Electric Fuel
Metering System with Redundancy on Aircraft Electrification
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Shibuya Yotsugi , Oyori Hitoshi , Muraoka Mikio
Published: March 2023

Aircraft electrification is one of technological innovations to achieve the goal
of CO2 emission reduction in civil aviation. In present research, we
focus ourselves on an Electric Fuel Metering System (EFMS). Aircraft systems are
commonly expected to make not only simplified configuration and improvement of
controllability, but also safety and reliability. The electrification of fuel
system also requires the similar approach. Therefore, a simple and reliable
redundancy concept is a crucial challenge. In addition, stable and responsive
controllability that does not affect engine operation is required, especially in
fuel system, it is desired to achieve both accurate metering and short settling
time without overshoot or undershoot. However, in such a system, the response is
nonlinear due to the fuel flow circuit and the motor drive during current
limiting. Systemizing a control design that takes these constraints into
considerations and that satisfies the requirements over a large dynamic range,
has not been discussed. This paper discusses a design methodology to achieve
optimal fuel flow control in the EFMS with redundant electric fuel pumps,
considering motor current limitation by current limiters. The flow control model
is created by adding the flow command increment limiter estimated as equivalent
to the current limiter. Using this model, the gain characteristic map is derived
analytically. The control system is extended to an active-active control
redundant system. The compensating action of that system ensures that if one of
the fuel pumps suddenly shut down, the remaining fuel pumps will autonomously
increase their flows to maintain the required flow for the engine fuel burn.
Zero Trust Architecture Patterns for Cyber-Physical
Systems
Authors: Hasan Saqib , Amundson Isaac , Hardin David
Published: March 2023

Zero trust (ZT) is an emerging initiative that focuses on securely providing
access to resources based on defined policies. The core tenet of ZT is “never
trust, always verify”, meaning that even within trusted zones of operation,
resource access must be explicitly granted. ZT has proven effective in improving
the security posture in domains such as information technology infrastructure;
however, additional research and development is needed to define and apply zero
trust principles to cyber-physical system domains. To work toward this
objective, we have identified an initial set of ZT architectural patterns
targeted specifically at cyber-physical systems. We created ZT architecture
patterns in the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL), a modeling
language that enables engineers to describe the key elements of embedded system
architectures using a well-defined semantics. The patterns are implemented as a
library of ZT components that can be made available to system engineers.
Utilizing AADL capabilities, engineers can model a system in AADL and apply one
or more of these ZT patterns to improve the system security posture based on
specific system requirements. To demonstrate our approach, we apply the ZT
patterns to an unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance application. The resulting
design provides inherent protection from a variety of attacks affecting system
confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Modernization of Equipment in Aerospace Nondestructive
Inspection
Authors: Elrod Joshua , Waterman Michael , Parker Dylan
Published: March 2023

Equipment used in aerospace non-destructive inspection presents opportunity for
modernization. Many inspection cells in production operate using a widely
available control system software that is suitable for most inspection
applications with minimal customization. The size and complex geometry of
airframe components demand more application-specific system design to ensure the
reliability and cycle time required for an aerospace production schedule.

Ordinary inspection systems require manual teaching for program generation and
lack datum-finding systems required to rerun programs without modification.
Integration of offline programming software and machine vision instruments can
save inspection technicians hours or shifts per part by eliminating the need for
program retraining due to variation in part delivery position. Modernized
inspection cells will reduce labor burden on technicians and provide reliable
cycle time information to production planners.
Predicting eVTOL Simulator Performance Using Basic Performance
Resources
Authors: Combs Elizabeth K. , Ellis Stephen , Haley Don , Taranto Matthew , Anderson Andrew , Carrea Nicholaus , Nissen Timothy , Blum David , Bourne Raymond
Published: March 2023

The rapidly advancing field of Advanced Air Mobility featuring electric Vertical
Takeoff and Landing capable aircraft will create an increased demand for
commercial pilots. In addition, the automation schemes for these new aircraft
designs will likely change the skills required and demands placed on pilots of
these vehicles. Therefore, recruiters and training facilities must understand
which basic performance resources predict success to identify the best
candidates to learn to fly this new class of aircraft. This study assesses the
basic performance resources of ab initio students and experienced pilots in
electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft simulators. Researchers recruited
82 military volunteers to participate in this study by spending one day learning
to fly one of the two simulators available. This study included approximately
equal numbers of ab initio students and rated pilots. Researchers randomly
assigned participants to either a highly augmented aircraft simulator or a
minimally augmented aircraft simulator creating a two-by-two results matrix.
Researchers compared 11 dimensions of pilot performance, assessed by experienced
instructor pilots, and 32 basic performance resource measures evaluated through
standardized tests to determine if performance measures were reliable and
predictive of performance. Researchers then used standard parametric statistics
to determine differences across platforms and participants. The data show
several strong predictors of performance in the minimally-augmented aircraft
simulation. However, in the highly-augmented aircraft simulation, there were no
significant predictors of performance. This research suggests that increased
aircraft automation reduced pilot candidates’ reliance on basic performance
resources. In addition, flying experience didn’t significantly affect
outcomes.
Spin Testing Improves Electrified Propulsion Rotor Design for
Production and Certification
Authors: Endo H. , Hartnagel M. , Buschbeck A. , Schonfeld M.
Published: March 2023

There is a demonstrated need for effective design verification testing to support
certification strategies for nascent electric motors and electric propulsion
systems. Design efforts pursue efficiency pushing electrified propulsion rotors
to be lighter and incorporate greater power density; however, there is no clear
path established for supporting structural integrity and durability test
requirements as required by global certification agencies.

Application of new materials, unique rotor design characteristics, and modified
certification requirements drive unusual requirements for rotor modeling
substantiated by component test data that addresses complex stress distribution
characteristics.

Our paper addresses testing electrified propulsion rotors using spin test
protocols adapted to support integrity and durability test goals. We further
incorporate key concerns for planning and executing component spin tests of
rotating structures necessary to support global engine certification efforts.
Results from component tests are effective for mitigating risks associated with
the preservation of certification test schedules and potential end product
safety issues.

This paper presents data measurement techniques that are incorporated with
specific spin tests to enhance the value of acquired data. Adapted test
protocols include Overspeed and Low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests, which are more
relevant types of spin tests for certification purposes.

Innovative measurement techniques for capturing the rotor growth behavior for
both mappings the speed-dependent growth trends and the circumferential profile
of deforming rotor under centrifugal load generate useful data to evaluate
materials and structural behavior affecting performance up to failure.
Jezus Chrystus – pierwszy powołany i powołujący
Authors: Demitrów Andrzej
Published: March 2023

Rzeczywistość powołania zakłada istnienie osoby wołającej i wołanej, jak również pozytywnej odpowiedzi w formie przyjęcia wołania i podjęcia wynikających z niego konsekwencji. Jezus Chrystus, będąc zarazem Synem Bożym, w swoim człowieczeństwie doświadczył rzeczywistości powołania ze strony Boga. Dane ku jej poznaniu zawarte są w pismach prorockich Starego Testamentu, zwłaszcza w Pieśniach o Słudze Pańskim, które – poddane podejściu kanonicznemu w lekturze Pisma Świętego – dostarczają wymownego klucza w odczytaniu realizacji misji Jezusa w Nowym Testamencie. Równocześnie teksty Nowego Testamentu zawierają świadectwa, w których to sam Chrystus powołuje konkretnych ludzi, jednak z różnym skutkiem: natychmiastowego pójścia za Nim, odmowy w podjęciu wezwania czy stawiania wstępnych warunków. Również u samych powołanych, którzy natychmiast odpowiedzieli na wezwanie, pojawiła się niewierność i opuszczenie Jezusa w godzinie próby krzyża. Rzeczą znamienną jest fakt, że po swoim zmartwychwstaniu Pan Jezus powtórnie ich wezwał i potwierdził ich misję apostolską.

Jesus Christ – first called and calling
The reality of a vocation presupposes the existence of a person calling and being called, as well as a positive response in the form of accepting the call and taking up the consequences that follow. Jesus Christ, being at the same time the Son of God, in his humanity, experienced the reality of vocation on the part of God. The data for its knowledge are contained in the prophetic writings of the Old Testament, especially in the Songs of the Servant of the Lord, which, when subjected to a canonical approach in the reading of Scripture, provide an eloquent key in reading the realisation of Jesus’ mission in the New Testament. At the same time, the New Testament texts contain testimonies in which it is Jesus himself who calls specific people, but with varying results: immediate following, refusal to take up the call or the imposition of preconditions. Also in the very people called, who immediately responded to the call, there was infidelity and abandonment of Jesus in the hour of the trial of the cross. It is significant that after his resurrection, the Lord Jesus called them again and confirmed their apostolic mission.
Ratowanie małżeństw sakramentalnych z problemem uzależnienia i/lub przemocy (żyjących razem i w separacji) – perspektywa duchowa
Authors: Słowik Małgorzata
Published: March 2023

Ten artykuł jest posłowiem do wcześniej opublikowanego tekstu autorki pod tytułem Małżeństwo w kryzysie: czy warto/należy ratować je „za wszelką cenę”? – refleksje nad wybranymi problemami klientów pomocy społecznej, w którym ukazano perspektywę czysto laicką, głównie psychologiczną i terapeutyczną. Uzależnienia i przemoc nie omijają małżeństw sakramentalnych, które zgodnie z wiarą katolicką trwają aż do śmierci. Można jednak pogodzić rekomendacje psychologiczne, terapeutyczne z rekomendacjami natury duchowej – co doskonale obrazuje działalność wielu katolickich duszpasterstw trzeźwości. Pytania, jakie postawiono w podjętych tu rozważaniach, brzmią: Jakie obszary – z perspektywy duchowej – warto/należy ratować w małżeństwach sakramentalnych, dotkniętych problemem uzależnień i/lub przemocy, zarówno na etapie wspólnego życia, jak i na etapie życia w separacji? Jak to robić? Jakie są koszty takiego ratunku? Ostatecznie zaś: po co ratować?

Saving sacramental marriages with addictions and/or violence problems (living together and separated) – a spiritual perspective

This article is an afterword to the author’s previously published text entitled Marriage in crisis: is it worth/necessary to save it at „any cost”? – reflections on selected problems of social welfare clients, which presented a purely secular, mainly psychological and therapeutic perspective. Addictions and violence do not bypass sacramental marriages, which, according to the Catholic faith, continue until death. However, it is possible to reconcile psychological, therapeutic recommendations with those of a spiritual nature – which is perfectly illustrated by the activities of many Catholic sobriety ministries. The questions raised by the considerations undertaken here are: What areas – from a spiritual perspective – are worth/should be saved in sacramental marriages affected by addiction and/or violence, both at the stage of living together and at the stage of living apart? How should this be done? What are the costs of such rescue? And ultimately: why rescue?
Measuring Financial Inclusion and Its Purpose: A Cross-Country Impact Assessment
Authors: Sethy Susanta Kumar
Published: March 2023

Greater access to financial services is very important to increase savings, empower women, and boost productive investment and consumption. This paper measures the extent of financial inclusion and explains the major purpose of the financial inclusion index. The cross-country analysis shows that India is the most financially inclusive country from 2013 to 2017.
Socio-Economic Shocks Due to Advancement in Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Aslam Anam , Khan Fawaz Ahmad , Aslam Aamir
Published: March 2023

The repercussions of the industrial and digital revolutions on the world's social and economic landscapes are only now becoming apparent. Every element of a society's economy is affected by this collision and the AI Revolution, from little businesses to large communities to entire nations. This breakthrough in AI will lead to seismic shifts in society and pose grave threats to human civilization. Many have tried, and failed, to establish ethical guidelines for AI that benefit humankind. The goal is for these standards to help individuals out. Concepts that are too complex may leave the audience baffled. These developments provide the chance to enhance tools, solutions, and services in an effort to address some of the world's most pressing issues and advance progress towards the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. These targets were set to help usher in a more fair and sustainable society (SDGs). The results of a 2017 World Economic Forum (WEF) research on AI and robotics suggest that the world's economy is not ready for "Automation and Robotization," which might lead to high levels of unemployment. Artificial intelligence and robots were the subjects of the study. Most pressing issues for contemporary society and businesses are related to the implementation of AI technology, the expansion of opportunities and productivity, the elimination of unemployment, and the reduction of economic disparity. This study delves at the positive and negative aspects of artificial intelligence as well as current views, its prevalence in society, and the many methods in which it has been implemented.
Amplification of Environmental Appraisal Coordination at General Hospital Lahore and its Implications to Evaluate Management Review
Authors: Zia Khan Bushra , Hussain Rahib , Ahmad Rafiq , Munir Sonia
Published: March 2023

Quality standards have been a significant achievement for organizations worldwide. Environmental standardsshould be established in hospitals by coding ISO14001. Hospital water pollution can cause health issues in nearby urbanareas and settlements. The study was aimed to estimate, characterize, use, and response to water quality parameters onamplification of environmental coordination at General Hospital Lahore (GHL), and their implications for evaluation inmanagement reviewing. For these purposes, the drinking water samples were collected from different locations in thestudy area. All these samples were analyzed for different water quality parameters namely, pH, TDS, turbidity, andchloride, and compared with national environmental quality standards (NEQS). All the results and management processeswere also compared with ISO 14001:2015, which indicated the weakness in the general administration framework andEnvironmental Management System (EMS). The results show that pH 8.6, TDS 1100 mg/l, turbidity 5.5 NTU, andchloride 260 mg/l were exceeding the maximum permissible limits. The present study recommended that GHL watershould be treated before its use/ disposal. In the end, an EMS (a policy with protocol) manual was developed for continualimprovement of water use. Drinking water quality assessment and EMS framework offer assistance to oversee the waterquality and environment in health centers. Drinking water quality management under the guidelines of the environmentmanagement system manual developed in this study will greatly help to manage the environment, particularly waterpollution in local hospitals of Pakistan.
Impact Assessment of Pozzolanic Material Coupled with River Bed Aggregate on Expansive Behavior of High Strength Concrete
Authors: Sanaullah Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Qasim Mahmood Muhammad , Muhammad Hassan Syed , Hussain Muzammil , Ali Shahid
Published: March 2023

High strength concrete is widely used in engineering structures. Present work is an effort for suitability assessment of river bed aggregates in high strength concrete to be used at structural units of Dam (Spillway & Powerhouse) and the vulnerability of placed concrete expansion. Multiple sizes of coarse aggregate (5-20mm, 20-40mm, and 40-80mm) from Beor river bed material have been tested for physical (water absorption, crushing index, soundness, shape, and bulk density), and mineralogical characterization. Concrete Mix Design (CMD) for Spillway has been optimized using Fly ash and river aggregate that achieved the Unconfined Compressional Strength (UCS) up to 32.5 MPa. The accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT) has been introduced to gauge the reactive aggregates used in CMD.. Expansive properties of concrete were observed at the age of 7 days and 28 days that demonstrate more expansion of the specimen with slag rather than the Fly ash. Results of AMBT suggest that a minimum proportion of GGBS (40%) is needed to limit the AMBT expansion to less than 0.1% for crushed river bed aggregate and sand from the Beor source. The petrographical characterization of coarse aggregate shows the presence of deformed quartz in the coarse aggregate, which directly relates to water absorption (Wa), suggesting its suceseptility to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). Modifications in Pozzolanic additives in CMD indicates that 30% mixing of Fly ash can reduce the expansion rate of concrete up to 96.15%.
Drinking Water Quality Assessment of Metro Bus Stations of Islamabad and Rawalpindi
Authors: Akber Saima , Nazir Aleena , Aslam Zohaib
Published: March 2023

Water is the most wonderful substance. Almost 70% of our planet consists of water. The human body comprises almost 60% of water. Safe and clean water is necessary for all purposes in daily life which include different practices like washing, drinking, cooking, and personal cleanliness (Frances and Brack, 2018). Water is known as a universal solvent because it can dissolve a large proportion of natural or man-made substances (Balasubramanian, 2015). Fecal contaminated water is the main reason for waterborne disease. With quick urbanization, the chemical feature of water quality has contributed to increasing concerns as toxic chemicals industrial effluents pose a high hazard to life (Alurralde et al., 1998). Pakistan has been blessed with water resources, but unfortunately over the years, industrial development, overpopulation, and rapid growth have decelerated the water resources (Daud et al., 2017). Different studies show that the majority of the supplies of potable water are polluted (Aziz, 2005). Pakistan ranks 80 out of 122 nations, and both ground and surface drinking water sources are polluted throughout the country with toxic metals, microbes, and pesticides (Nabeela et al., 2014). Even currently some rural areas in Pakistan have no availability of fresh and clean water for regular use (Shahid et al., 2014). The quality of drinking water in Pakistan is reducing day by day due to the waste and pollutants released by the industries. Channeled water also gets contaminated because the network of the pipeline is not planned and laid poorly (Imran et al., 2018).
Analysis of Physical, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drinking Water at University of Sindh Jamshoro
Authors: Jabeen Shagufta , Naz Humaira , Kumari Nimerta , Naz Shaista
Published: March 2023

Safe drinking water is a basic need for good health. It is critically needed to characterize drinking water, by measuring its pH and electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and analysing for biological contamination. Drinking water quality standards are set with some parameters and that harmful constituents should not exveed (WHO guidelines (2011).
Geology, Petrographical Features and Ore Mineralization of Volcanic Hosted Iron Ore Deposit in the Mashki Chah Area Chagai District, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Shoiab , Ghaffar Abdul , Ullah Inayat , Murad Fida , Rehman Habib ur , Ahmed Jalil
Published: March 2023

The Mashki Chah iron ore deposits are located in the western Chagai magmatic belt and hosted within andesitic rock units in the Late Cretaceous Sinjrani Volcanic Group. Geometry, morphology, and structure of iron ore have massive, thin to thick-bedded and veins type of iron. The major ore type including magnetite as primary mineralization of iron ore and hematite, siderite, goethite, and limonite are secondary mineralization of iron ore. Petrographically, the iron ore is hosted within the basic to the intermediate type of units (Basaltic Andesite, Andesite, and Dacite) within the Late Cretaceous Sinjrani Volcanic Group. Major constituents of basaltic andesitic units are composed of clinopyroxene and amphibole with minor constituents of quartz. Andesitic units consist of plagioclase, hornblende, k-feldspar, quartz and biotite. The dacitic unit is comprised of quartz, albite, k-feldspar, biotite, and muscovite. SEM-EDX and BSE analysis of ore mineralization of iron ore to identify the mineral crystal structure, texture, and elemental composition of iron ore. BSE images indicate the crystal morphology of magnetite and hematite have well-developed cubic and octahedron crystal shapes with a coarse grain texture. Elemental composition is identified by the EDX graph that is indicated the high peaks of Fe and O elements associated with the high peak rock-forming minerals elements Si and O with sub-peaks of Al, Na, K, and Ca and as well as have sub-peaks of ore-forming mineral elements are include a Cu, Ag, Ti, and Sn. The total iron reserve in the deposit area is approximately about 45 to 50 million tons and an average percentage of magnetite is 86.16% and hematite is about 69.40 %. These ore deposit has significant value for economic purpose and as well as economically the Mashki Chah iron ore deposit is viable for iron ore mining.
Legal Framework to Control at Disposal Point Source Urban and Industrial Effluents of Hyderabad City into Pinyari (Old Phulleli) Canal off-taking from Kotri Barrage, Sindh
Authors: Mahessar Ali Asghar , Shah Sardar Ali , Anjum Rehana , Arain Ghulam Murtaza
Published: March 2023

Pinyari (old Phulleli) canal off-takes from left bank of Kotri barrage is last Hydraulic structure on Indus river. This canal is passing from periphery of Hyderabad city and its design discharge is 13,636 cusecs which supplies fresh water not only for agricultural, industrial purpose and drinking purpose for the several towns and villages because groundwater in its command area is highly saline and not drinkable. The cottage factories and Hyderabad industrial area are located on nearby banks of canal. Hence, effluents from city and industrial SITE area are directly disposed off into the canal. The disposal of untreated wastewater created health and environmental safety problem. This paper presents that the analyzed results of water quality parameter ie pH, TDS, EC, Na, hardness, K, Mg, Mn, DO and BOD of collacted samples exhibit TDS 6%, K 20%, DO 67% and BOD 54%, respectively exceeded permissible limit. While pH, Na, hardness and Mn found within prescribed limits. Total coliform /E.coli (MPN/100ml) were found positive. Furthermore, the result of Water Quality Index (WQI) model reveals that water quality of canal of collected samples varies from excellent to very poor that reveals canal water is unsuitable for drinking purpose and aquatic life and also causes various waterborne diseases. Therefore, the local people are facing serious health problem by consuming water canal. With an attempt to ensure enforcement of environmental water laws in Sindh province of Pakistan for preventing degrading clean water. These environmental water laws have already been framed, but due to lake of enforcement, water pollution problems are increasing day by day. The enforcement of environmental water laws are very essential to control water pollution for safety of human health, and ecology in Sindh, Pakistan.
Clay-Iron Nanocomposite for the Removal of Sulfur as Toxic Pollutant from Fuel by Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization
Authors: Ahmed Haris , Zahir Erum , Asghar Muhammad A.
Published: March 2023

The current environmental pollution has great impact on climate change and the present study was aimed at removal of sulfur as a pollutant for environment on combustion of kerosene fuel using clay, namely attapulgite and magnetic iron (ATP)-Fe3O4 nanocomposite. To lower the toxic sulfur and to enhance the property of reduced sulfur fuel specifically the electrical conductivity (EC) was also improved by the addition of quality improver additives. The (ATP)-Fe3O4 nanocomposite was synthesized by co-precipitation method and the structure, and morphology were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average size of Fe-NPs which helps in the oxidative desulfurization was found to be <100 nm, and the toxic sulfur content in fuel was reduced up to 71% from its original using 05mg/mL of nanocomposite at 150°C for 30 min along with CH3COOH and H2O2 proceed with water washing. The EC of the oxidative desulfurized (ODS) fuel was enhanced by the addition of (0.5, 0.7 and 1.0ppm) STADIS 450 additive as compared to MEROX kerosene fuel (untreated). The ODS kerosene showed greater stability of EC over MEROX kerosene.
Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking Purpose of Taluka Chachro, Thar Desert, Pakistan; Using Water Quality Indices, and Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Samtio Muhammad Soomar , Hakro Asghar A.A.D. , Mastoi Abdul Shakoor , Rajper Riaz Hussain , Agheem Muhammad Hassan , Lashari Rafique Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Groundwater quality of taluka Chachro was investigated by analyzing thirty-two groundwater samples for drinking purpose. Multivariate statistical approaches with GIS interpolations (IDW) were applied for the identification of significant geochemical processes governing the groundwater quality.. Results showed the concentrations of physiochemical parameter in the study area exceeded the prescribed level of WHO guidelines. The EC and TDS varied from 2593-18950 μS/cm and 1659-12128 mg/l, respectively. The Ca, Mg, Na, and K range from 36-288, 17-272, 420-3280, and 9.5-101 mg/l, respectively. While, Cl, HCO3, SO4, and NO3 varied from 539-5738, 210-1150, 79-870, and 6.66-17.13 mg/l respectively. The mean values of EC, TDS, Na, Cl, HCO3, SO4, and NO3 were higher than the prescribed level of WHO 2011. Higher concentrations above the acceptable limits were recorded for K 96.15%, SO4 88.46%, and HCO3 82.16% of analysed samples. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the input of natural processes have influenced groundwater quality which resulted in changing the groundwater chemistry of taluka Chachro. The results revealed the dominant trend among the cations was Na>Ca>Mg>K while among the anions it was Cl>HCO3>SO4. Based on the drinking water quality index 50% were unsuitable for drinking.
Seismic Hazardand Spectral Acceleration For Hydro Power Project in Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan
Authors: Khurram Shahzada , Khalid Perveiz , Ehsan Muhammad Irfan , Muhammad Shahbaz
Published: March 2023

Peak ground acceleration is the maximum ground shaking intensity parameter in geophysics. To prevent the big loss of infrastructure, dam site or multistorey buildings as well as power project due to any seismic hazard, it is essential to mitigate the damages. Seismic hazard analysis for peak ground acceleration was carried out for hydropower project in Gilgit Baltistan to mitigate the effect of seismic hazard. Seismicity and tectonic map was drawn for distribution of seismic events.Study region was divided into seven source zones to rectify the seismic risk reduction assessmement of the region. Regression analysis for freqeuncy magnitude was also carried out using seismicity catalogue. Three distinct ground motion equations were used to predict the value of g with their return period. The actitvity rate analysis of seismic source zones was also done drawn to determine the source contribution. Maximum credible earhquake, operational based earthquake and maximum design earthquake were detremined. According to the ICOLD and seismic risk reduction policy, the values of peak ground acceleration for Phandar hydro power project was 0.59g for maximum credible earthquake, for design basis earthquake g value was 0.311g for and 0.231g foroperational basis earthquake with 475 years of return period at 50% probability of exceedence. Spectral acceleration for 0.1s, 0.2s, 0.5s, 1s and 2s was also computed for horizontal and vertical components. The values of spectral accleeration varied from 0.19g to 1.250g for maximum credible earthquake, 0.019g to 0.700g for design based earthquake and 0.050g to 0.480g for operational based earthquake. The results reveal that the maximum credible earthquake is to ensure safety level and for reliability level, operational based and design based earthquakes can be utilized.
Polymer Stabilized Metal Nanoparticles for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Water
Authors: Khadam Mohsin , Ullah Habib , Ullah Saif , Riaz M. Athar Faheem , Lodhi Hamza Khan
Published: March 2023

Methylene blue is highly toxic and releases from various industries. It must be transformed into less toxic compounds. The Core-Shell microgels p (Pst core), Pstcore-NIPMamm-MAa and Ag in Pst-p NIPMamm-MAa have been synthesized using the Core-Shell hybrid micro gelling NIPMamm-MAa emulsion polymerization process. The 0.086mM, MB 6.2mM NaBH4 and 0.2916 mg / mL catalysts in the cuvette were measured using UV-visible spectrophotometers. Spectrums were measured at a one-minute interval. The peak at 600 nm steadily decreased over time and was completely eliminated after 11 minutes. Without the catalyst, MB decreases with NaBH4 which showed that the reaction decreases were slow and MB very high within 120 minutes. The Psty core of FT-IR core microgels, pNIpmam-MMAA, and Ag-pNIpmam-MAA core microgels are hybrids. At 2955 and 2845 cm−1 FT-IR spectra, Psty NiPMaM – MaA and Ag-p NiPMaM – MaA were used for core shell microgels, with C-H vibrations expanding the aromatic ring. In this study degradation of Methylene were carried out with Ag- Nanocomposites at different interval of time to check the degradation at minimum time. The degradation of MB dye