bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum Melalui Implementasi Diversi di Indonesia
Authors: Ghoni Mahendra Ridwanul , Pujiyono Pujiyono
Published: August 2020

Saat ini salah satu upaya pencegahan anak-anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum melalui proses peradilan formal adalah melalui penerapan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPPA). Tujuan pengorganisasian sistem peradilan pidana tidak hanya untuk menjatuhkan sanksi pidana, tetapi untuk lebih fokus pada pertanggungjawaban pelaku kejahatan, yang disebut  pendekatan keadilan restoratif. Tujuan keadilan restoratif adalah untuk kesejahteraan anak yang bersangkutan, tanpa mengurangi kepentingan para korban dan masyarakat. Tulisan ini membahas perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum melalui implementasi diversi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda penelitian hukum normatif atau doktrinal.  Hasil  Penelitian  menunjukan  bahwa Undang-Undang tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak telah mengatur upaya pengalihan dan pendekatan keadilan restoratif dalam menyelesaikan kasus-kasus anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum. Peranan diversi sebagai upaya perlindungan hak atas perlindungan hak-hak anak diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Pada saat anak berhadapan dengan proses peradilan pidana formal, maka dapat dipastikan anak akan kehilangan kebebasannya. Dengan dialihkan, maka kebebasan anak tetap terjamin, dan perampasan kemerdekaan terhadap mereka dapat dihindari. Diversi (pengalihan) menjadi suatu upaya yang sangat berarti untuk memberikan perlindungan bagi anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum agar dapat memenuhi hak-hak dasar anak.
Tinjauan Hukum Kemandirian Dan Independensi Mahkamah Agung Didalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Permadi Restu , Wisnaeni Fifiana
Published: August 2020

Mahkamah Agung dalam melaksanakan fungsinya harus diberikan kemandirian organsiasi, terkait pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia dan  anggaran. Kedua hal tersebut akan sangat berpengaruh kepada kemandirian fungsi judicial Mahkamah Agung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kemandirian dan independensi pelaksanaan kekuasaan kehakiman oleh Mahkamah Agung, dan menjelaskan tentang konsep ideal pelaksanaan kekuasaan kehakiman oleh Mahkamah Agung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normative. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Kemandirian dan Independensi Mahkamah Agung secara kelembagaan terutama di bidang tugas, fungsi dan susunan organisasi di lingkungan sekertariat dan kepaniteraan Mahkamah Agung mensiratkan adanya intervensi kekuasaan pemerintah (eksekutif). Dibidang pengelolaan finansial, juga tidak sepenuhnya memiliki kemerdekaan didalam menyusun anggaran organisasinya. Konsep ideal penyelenggaraan kekuasaan kehakiman oleh Mahkamah Agung adalah konsep yang mengintegrasikan antara Prinsip Demokrasi, Prinsip Negara Hukum, dan Prinsip Kekuasaan Kehakiman yang Merdeka sebagai satu kesatuan sistem penyelenggaraan kekuasaan negara.
Duality of Moduli and Quasiconformal Mappings in Metric Spaces
Authors: Jones Rebekah , Lahti Panu
Published: August 2020

We prove a duality relation for the moduli of the family of curves connecting two sets and the family of surfaces separating the sets, in the setting of a complete metric space equipped with a doubling measure and supporting a Poincaré inequality. Then we apply this to show that quasiconformal mappings can be characterized by the fact that they quasi-preserve the modulus of certain families of surfaces.
The Trade-off between Household Expenditures and Smoking Expenditure: Pre and Post Smoking Awareness Ordinance in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Basit , Irfan Muhammad
Published: August 2020

The Government of Pakistan introduced smoking ordinance about health warning in 2009. This ordinance exhibits, prohibit smoking in public places, put restrictions on advertisements, and prohibits sale of cigarettes to minors. This study is to find out the impact of smoking expenditures on food, health, educational, recreational, and electronic expenditures using HIES dataset for 2010–11 and 2015–16. The findings show that share of food and health expenditure increase by 91 and 92% respectively. On the other hand, education and recreation expenditure decrease by 6 and 98% respectively. This is further verified using SUEST test to compare two datasets regressions. The result reveals that food, health, and recreational coefficient are statistically different while education and electronics expenditure remain similar.
Evaluación crítica y meta-análisis de estudios de variación biológica para albúmina glicosilada, glucosa y HbA1c
Authors: Ricós Carmen , Fernández-Calle Pilar , Gonzalez-Lao Elisabet , Simón Margarida , Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Boned Beatriz , Marqués-García Fernando , Minchinela Joana , Perich Maria Carmen , Tejedor-Ganduxé Xavier , Corte Zoraida , Aarsand Aasne K. , Aslan Berna , Carobene Anna , Coskun Abdurrahman , Sandberg Sverre
Published: August 2020

Objetivos

A lo largo de los años se han publicado numerosos artículos sobre variación biológica (VB) de diferente calidad. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron realizar una revisión sistemática y una evaluación crítica de los estudios de VB para albúmina glicosilada y proporcionar datos actualizados de VB para glucosa y HbA1c, incluyendo prestigiosos estudios recientemente publicados como el Estudio de Variación Biológica Europea (EuBIVAS).

Métodos

Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática para identificar estudios sobre VB, encontrándose 9 estudios no incluidos en la primera revisión: 4 para albúmina glicosilada, 3 para glucosa y 3 para HbA1c. Se realizó una evaluación crítica de los estudios relevantes, utilizando la herramienta Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC). Se obtuvieron los estimados globales de VB mediante meta-análisis de los estudios que cumplían los requisitos BIVAC, realizados en individuos sanos con estudios de diseño similar.

Resultados

Un estudio recibió el grado A, dos el B y 6 el C. en la mayoría de los casos el grado C se asoció a deficiencias en el análisis estadístico de los datos. Los estimados de VB para albúmina glicosilada fueron: CVI = 1,4%(1,2–2,1) y CVG = 5,7%(4,7–10,6); para HbA1c, CVI = 1,2%(0,3–2,5), CVG = 5,4%(3,3–7,3) y para glucosa, CVI = 5,0%(4,1–12,0), CVG = 8,1%(2,7–10,8) no difirieron de los estimados globales previamente descritos.

Conclusiones

La evaluación crítica y clasificación de los estudios de VB a tenor de su calidad metodológica, seguido de un meta-análisis, genera estimados de VB robustos y fiables. Este estudio proporciona datos de VB para albúmina glicolisada, glucosa y HbA1c actualizados y basados en la evidencia científica.
Global analytic solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: da Silva Daniel Oliveira , Biyar Magzhan
Published: August 2020

We prove the existence of global analytic solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one dimension for a certain type of analytic initial data in

L
2

{L^{2}}

.
A Praise Poem of Warad-Sîn, King of Larsa, to Nippur
Authors: Földi Zsombor J. , Zólyomi Gábor
Published: August 2020

This paper publishes a praise poem of Warad-Sîn, king of Larsa. The manuscript, a one-column tablet, comes from a private collection and is unprovenanced. The text might be an excerpt from a longer composition. Its 20 lines long text praises first Nippur, the city of Enlil, then Warad-Sîn speaks in the first person about the commission given to him by Enlil, about his deeds to the city, and about their permanence. The author of this text appears to be familiar both with the literary corpus and the royal inscriptions of the early Old Babylonian period.
Ahd.

uoben und as.

ōvian
Authors: Swart Martina
Published: August 2020

In this article I examine the origin of the long vowel *ō in the West-Germanic verb *ōbi̯an. The verb is continued in OHG uoben ›to practice‹ and OS ōvian ›to celebrate‹. The current explanations are doubtful. They are: 1.) *ōbi̯a- is derived from the strong feminine *ōbō-. 2.) There is an exclusively Germanic root *ōb-. 3.) *ōbi̯a- is a causative-iterative formation to a lost strong verb PGm *afaną. Five new suggestions are introduced and ordered according to probability. The best solution seems to be the completion of a pattern in analogy to families like *bata- ›good‹, *bōtō- ›making/becoming good/better‹ and *bōt(i)i̯aną ›to make/become good/better‹.
Der ›Weg‹ der Erzählung
Authors: Huber Christoph
Published: August 2020

How do narrators of courtly romance use the semantics of ›Weg‹ (path, journey)? Building on numerous publications on the Weg-topic, this study ›The Path of Narration. Observations on Hartmann von Aue and Courtly Literature‹ discusses how authors, particularly Hartmann von Aue, use ›Weg‹ as code for storytelling. This can be linked to forms of semantic usage which reflect the process of reception, particularly in the case of Wolfram von Eschenbach, and those which describe a change in the semantics of value, particularly in the case of Gottfried von Straßburg.
EEG-based emotion recognition with deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ozdemir Mehmet Akif , Degirmenci Murside , Izci Elif , Akan Aydin
Published: August 2020

The emotional state of people plays a key role in physiological and behavioral human interaction. Emotional state analysis entails many fields such as neuroscience, cognitive sciences, and biomedical engineering because the parameters of interest contain the complex neuronal activities of the brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are processed to communicate brain signals with external systems and make predictions over emotional states. This paper proposes a novel method for emotion recognition based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that are used to classify Valence, Arousal, Dominance, and Liking emotional states. Hence, a novel approach is proposed for emotion recognition with time series of multi-channel EEG signals from a Database for Emotion Analysis and Using Physiological Signals (DEAP). We propose a new approach to emotional state estimation utilizing CNN-based classification of multi-spectral topology images obtained from EEG signals. In contrast to most of the EEG-based approaches that eliminate spatial information of EEG signals, converting EEG signals into a sequence of multi-spectral topology images, temporal, spectral, and spatial information of EEG signals are preserved. The deep recurrent convolutional network is trained to learn important representations from a sequence of three-channel topographical images. We have achieved test accuracy of 90.62% for negative and positive Valence, 86.13% for high and low Arousal, 88.48% for high and low Dominance, and finally 86.23% for like–unlike. The evaluations of this method on emotion recognition problem revealed significant improvements in the classification accuracy when compared with other studies using deep neural networks (DNNs) and one-dimensional CNNs.
Indirect Translation: A Semiotic Perspective
Authors: Jia Hongwei
Published: August 2020

Grounded on the historical development of indirect translation mainly in China, a critical analysis of the definitions previously given for indirect translation has been made in terms of its nature, features, referential range, and classification, as well as the sign typology involved hereby. This results in a new definition of indirect translation as a process and as an end product respectively, highlighting its referential range, including relay translation, (tech- or human-based) mediated translation, adaptation, and free translation. The definition further divides it into seven types of operational mechanism (conventional single-sourced indirect translation, conventional double-sourced indirect translation, single-sourced relay translation, multi-sourced relay translation, interpreter-based relay translation, indirect translation in reverse translation, single-sourced multi-layered relay translation) and seven types of indirect sign transformation, namely: (1) T→T indirect translation; (2) T→I indirect translation; (3) I→T indirect translation; (4) T+I→T indirect translation; (5) T+I→I indirect translation; (6) T→T+I indirect translation; and (7) I→T+I indirect translation. Finally, the operational mechanism of indirect translation is explored on the macro level of Peirce’s Firstness–Secondness–Thirdness, on the meso level of Peirce’s First–Second–Third, and on the micro level of Peirce’s Sign–Object– Interpretant.
Another Approach to Musical Interpretation
Authors: Ding Hao
Published: August 2020

Music is neither a construction of pitches nor a linear arrangement of vocal parts, but rather an energetic shaping through time that integrates articulation, harmony, melody, and rhythm. Music expresses a kind of gesture in the dimension of sounds. In most cases, musical expressions, compared to linguistic expressions, are more like a state of motion or a behavior of sounds originating from physical sensations. Musical gesture can interpret the emotional expression and meaning of music from a perspective that is closer to the nature of music. Such an interpretation is not constrained by the traditional analysis of form and content, self-discipline and heteronomy, subjectivity and objectivity. It is more about how to stimulate the sensory systems to join in and understand the behavior and contents of music expressions in order to synthesize the meaning of music in different dimensions.
Metatheoretical Commitments in the Humanities
Authors: Higuera Claudio Julio Rodríguez
Published: August 2020

The interdisciplinary grasp of semiotics makes it a good window into how humanities-based research programs deal with the issues of specific theoretical commitments, raising the stakes on how to do theory in a setting of disparity of approaches and methods. The particular case of biosemiotics as a naturalized instance of semiotics is used as a specific example of an interdisciplinary combination of theory and scientific practice to address the necessity of integrating both external methodological elements and scientific discoveries with a theory capable of giving both of these a valid connotation within the discipline. The main claim of the article will be that integrating different methods in humanities-based research programs such as semiotics creates a problematic picture for metatheoretical commitments, but examining this in light of metatheory itself can produce more robust theoretical positions within the humanities.
Logical Principles of a Topological Explanation
Authors: Lacková Ľudmila , Zámečník Lukáš
Published: August 2020

We aim to demonstrate the applicability of Peirce’s iconic logic in the context of current topological explanations in the philosophy of science. We hold that the logical system of Existential Graphs is similar to contemporary topological approaches, thereby recognizing Peirce’s iconic logic (Beta Graphs) as a valid method of scientific representation. We base our thesis on the nexus between iconic logic and the so-called NonReduction Theorem. We illustrate our assumptions with examples derived from biology (protein folding).
Is there a real need for sputum culture for community-acquired pneumonia diagnostics? Results from a retrospective study in Russia
Authors: Kobyakova Olga S. , Deev Ivan A. , Vinokurova Daria A. , Zima Anastasia P. , Tyufilin Denis S. , Yun Vera E. , Chernysheva Ekaterina A. , Yarovoy Nikolay D. , Ratkina Ksenia R. , Shemuratova Anna I. , Agbo Emmanuel U. , Kulikova Kristina V. , Tagina Ekaterina K. , Kulikov Evgeny S.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The mortality rate associated with community-acquired pneumonia is still considered high as it occupies a leading position among all infectious diseases. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the respiratory bacterial culture sampling in the clinical practice of the Russian Federation’s therapeutic departments and its impact on inpatient care.

Methods

The study included 1,344 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The analysis of the obtained data was performed using the statistical software package SPSS 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics). The description of quantitative indicators was carried out with an indication of the median (25; 75 percentile). Qualitative with an indication of the absolute and relative frequencies n (%).

Results

It was noted that a third of the sample did not pass through the first stage (bacterioscopy). We noticed the predominance of oropharyngeal flora in the results. The sputum collection was carried out on average 3 (1; 5) days after the start of hospitalization, while antibiotic therapy was prescribed to all patients on the first day, the results of the bacteriological study were ready on average 6 (4; 8th) calendar days after hospitalization, while in 20 (1.5%) cases, the patient was already discharged. Due to the inefficiency of the starting regimen, antimicrobial agents have changed in 84 (6.3%) patients and averaged 5.5 (4.0; 10.0) days from the start of hospitalization.

Conclusions

The violation of the technique and the time of sputum collection resulted in a reduction in the method’s value.
Form und Funktion
Authors: Dissel Julia-Constance
Published: August 2020

This essay deals with the terms “form” and “function” as well as their relationship insofar as they are still used in philosophical and design-theory discourse to determine the aesthetic dimension of designed artefacts, especially of everyday objects, and often also to distinguish them from objects of art. I discuss whether our common understanding of these terms and their relationship is an appropriate instrument for such determinations. What is up for discussion here are not only conceptions of functional beauty with regard to design methodology and the philosophical discourse on aesthetics, in which form and function become thematic, but also basic concepts of philosophical aesthetics itself. It is shown that the philosophical understanding of design aesthetics and the concepts of form and function are determined by profound preliminary decisions that restrict our access to the aesthetic dimension of designed artefacts, and a conceptualisation of an initial change in thinking is proposed.
Value Co-creation and Growth of Social Enterprises in Developing Countries: Moderating Role of Environmental Dynamics
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Qalati Sikandar Ali , Khan Muhammad Aamir Shafique , Kwabena Gyamfi Yeboah , Erusalkina Daria , Anwar Farooq
Published: August 2020

Based on the value co-creation theory, this study proposed a theoretical model of the effects of value co-creation on the growth of social enterprises. Primary data was obtained using field surveys through a close-ended questionnaire from January to June 2019. The respondents were employees of social enterprises working in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for quantitative data analysis and to verify the statistical significance of the direct link between value co-creation and social enterprise growth, and the negative moderating (substituting) effect of environmental dynamics on the relationship between value co-creation and social enterprise growth.
A concurrent dual-band radar sensor for vital sign tracking and short-range positioning
Authors: Yang Zi-Kai , Liu Wen-Kui , Zhao Sheng , Huang Xiang-Dong
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a concurrent dual-band radar system for noncontact tracking of vital signs (e.g., respiration and heartbeat), and indoor short-range localization. The proposed sensor, which has been achieved with our own customized concurrent dual-band subsystems, operates at 1.67 and 2.06 GHz synchronously. Based on the Doppler principle, tiny vital signs are obtained by analysis of spectrum of the signals received at each individual frequency band. Moreover, the location of a target is estimated based on the phase difference between these two closely spaced frequencies. The azimuth information is obtained by beam scanning. Combining the results of range and azimuth information allows the radar system to plot two-dimensional maps. As a result, the proposed radar is capable of monitoring human’s life activities and tracking the location of individuals continuously. System-level experiments were carried out to reveal the versatile capability of the life activity monitoring system.
Investigation on two dimensional photonic crystal based two/three input all optical AND gate
Authors: Rama Prabha K. , Arunkumar R. , Robinson S.
Published: August 2020

In this paper the design and analysis of two dimensional photonic crystals based all optical AND logic gate is investigated. A logic gate implements a Boolean function and thus performs a logical operation on one or several logic inputs in order to produce a single logic input. The proposed all optical AND gate is designed with line and point defect using a hexagonal lattice with “Y” shaped defect. In order to meet the requirements for high speed networks the proposed gate designed. The functional parameters such as contrast ratio, bit rate, normalized efficiency and response time are calculated. The performance of the AND gate is analyzed by using the Finite Difference Time Domain method. The proposed logic gate is designed to operate at 1550 nm. It provides high contrast ratio and minimum delay time. Hence it is suitable for optical sensors and optical integrated circuits.
Medientextsorte Meldung in deutscher und ukrainischer Kultur aus fraktaler Perspektive
Authors: Kiyko Yuriy , Kiyko Svitlana
Published: August 2020

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir davon aus, dass der informationsbetonten Textsorte Meldung das fraktale Bauprinzip zugrunde liegt. Unter Fraktalität wird die rekursive Selbstähnlichkeit des Objektes verstanden. In der Textsorte Meldung der deutschen und ukrainischen Medienkultur lässt sich die Zweifraktalstruktur identifizieren: Überschrift als Anfangsfraktal (α) und Fließtext als Endfraktal (ω). Laut der kontrastiven Analyse ist die deutsche Meldung standardisierter und verdichteter als die ukrainische. Im Gegensatz zur deutschen Medienkultur, bei der die Meldung eine verarbeitete Mitteilung diverser Nachrichtenagenturen ist, veröffentlichen die ukrainischen Medien häufig eigene Mitteilungen. In der Mikrostruktur von deutschen und ukrainischen Meldungen sind einige Gemeinsamkeiten anzusehen. Im α-Fraktal dominiert der einfache Satz, durch den die Hauptproposition der Nachricht ausgedrückt wird. Im ω-Fraktal wird die Hauptproposition erweitert und ergänzt, indem es stilistisch neutral durch einfache Sätze und Hypotaxen ausgedrückt wird. In beiden Medienkulturen pflegen Berichterstatter überwiegend indirekte Rede bei der Informationsvermittlung zu verwenden. Im nonverbalen Aspekt weisen die deutsche und ukrainische Meldung viele Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Dies spiegelt die aktuellen Trends im Design von Medienmeldungen in modernen Tageszeitungen wider. Die Zeitungsmeldungen werden üblicherweise am Rande der Zeitungsspalte unter einer allgemeinen typografisch hervorgehobenen Dachzeile als ein Block angegeben.
Genuszuweisungsstrategien im DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Kiyko Svitlana , Kiyko Yuriy
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on the phonetic, morphological and semantic principles determining the grammatical gender of nouns in German. Based on the experiments we established the main trends in determining the gender of the German equivalents and interlingual homonyms and the role of the interlingual and intralingual interference in this process. The results of two experiments show that Ukrainian students take into consideration suffixes of German nouns when choosing the correct gender. Phonetic or semantic gender allocation rules play a subordinate role. The interlingual interference determinates the gender choice in the target language: the gender of the mother tongue lemma interferes the selection of the gender in the foreign language equivalent. This effect appears more frequently in interlingual homonyms than in translation equivalents. A plausible interpretation of these results could be: the lemmas of two similar nouns or translation equivalents share the same concepts, the relationship between them is rather close, and the competition between the two lemmas and their genus nodes is strong and influences language production. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that both languages, the mother tongue and the foreign one, can be activated during language producing.
Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route
Authors: Su Ting , Song Yonghui , Lan Xinzhe , Gao Wenwen
Published: August 2020

A simple chemical route was adopted for the preparation of adsorbent to remove fluoride in the simulation solution. In this study, commercially activated carbon (CAC) was used as the raw material, HNO3 (20 wt%), La(NO3)3·2H2O (0.05 mol/L), and Al(NO3)3 (0.10 mol/L) were employed as modification reagents to successfully prepare the CAC adsorbent loaded with the elements La and Al (La(iii)–Al(iii)–CAC). The modified adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The effects of variables such as solution pH, adsorption time, initial concentrations, and volume of solution were investigated on adsorption efficiency by the response surface method (RSM). Under optimum conditions, specified as a pH value of 6, an adsorption time of 1.2 h, an initial concentration of 30 mg/L, a solution volume of 25 mL, and the value of RF can reach at 74.11%. From the RSM analysis, the pH value was a significant factor in the adsorption process and the order for these key factors was as follows: pH > adsorption time > solution volume. Meanwhile, there were interactions among these factors. Chemical modification had an important role in pore structure generation and functional group of adsorbent to improve the adsorption efficiency. The removal performance of adsorbent on simulation solution of fluoride also showed the feasibility of adsorbent to be applied in industrial purposes.
Evaluation of effectiveness of a sexuality education program for parents of male adolescents: promoting of parent–adolescent sexual communication
Authors: Ahari Shahnaz Babayanzad , Moghadam Zahra Behboodi , Azin Seyed Ali , Montazeri Ali , Maasoumi Raziyeh , Pedram Javad
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Parents play a significant role in promoting of healthy sexuality in adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of a sexuality education intervention program to enhance parent–adolescent sexual communication.

Methods

This study was a randomized controlled field trial. Parents of male adolescent aged 13–16 years were recruited from eight public all-boys high schools in Karaj, Iran. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used and 102 parents were assigned into intervention and control groups. The recruitment and data collection process lasted from February to November 2019. Self-report demographic questionnaire and six general parenting and parent–adolescent sexual communication measures were used to assess the impact of intervention. Sexuality education program was presented for the parents of intervention group, in the form of four weekly 2-h sessions. Parents were assessed at the baseline, within one week post-intervention, and three-month follow-up to evaluate the outcome variables. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, two-sample t-test, general linear model analyses, and Bonferroni test.

Results

In terms of parent–adolescent general communication, parental monitoring, parent–adolescent communication about sex-related topics, parent’s sexual communication skills, parent’s self-efficacy, and responsiveness to sexual communication. There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups at the baseline (p>0.05). Compared to controls, intervention parents reported more improvement in general communication across the time; however, significant differences were not observed regarding general communication and parental monitoring (p=0.94, p=0.95). Parents in the intervention group significantly differed from those in the control group for the mean scores of parent–adolescent communication about sex-related topics (p=0.04), parent’s sexual communication skills (p=0.04), parent’s self-efficacy (p=0.002), and responsiveness (p<0.001) to sexual communication at each follow-up.

Conclusions

We identified the educational program as a promising tool for improving parent–adolescent communication regarding sexuality-related issues. This program provides the evidence for implementation of parent-based sexuality education programs.
Stress, self-compassion, and school burnout in Thai high school students
Authors: Ponkosonsirilert Thiti , Laemsak Orawee , Pisitsungkagarn Kullaya , Jarukasemthawee Somboon , Audboon Siripat , Leangsuksant Thanapol
Published: August 2020

Objectives

High school has been recognized as a critical period for many students. With the upcoming competition for university admission, they tend to encounter significant stress. Exceeding its optimal level, stress became debilitating and could escalate into school burnout, which entailed various negative outcomes. The current study, hence, was aimed to identify a protective factor that helped mediate the relationship between stress and school burnout in Thai high school students. Self-compassion was selected here, given its relevant conceptual grounds and its cultural relevance (i.e., Thai individuals shown to be particularly oriented toward self-compassion).

Methods

Data were collected from 170 Thai high school students, who responded to measures of stress, self-compassion, and school burnout. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypothetical model where the positive association between stress and school burnout was mediated by self-compassion.

Results

All indices of the model fits were confirmed, and the proposed model explained 80% of the variance in school burnout.

Conclusion

The role of self-compassion in alleviating the impact of stress on school burnout was shown and relevant implications were discussed.
Ultra mega power plant disturbance related oscillation detection in Indian grid using PMU data
Authors: Kulkarni Amit R. , Ballal Makarand S.
Published: August 2020

The power system oscillations in the grid are an issue of concern to the system operator. They may transform a stable system into an unstable system when the system is operating on the edge and contingency occurs. The oscillations developed in the system may grow and spread across the power grid if no timely, corrective action is taken to mitigate them. The paper presents the ultra-mega power plant generation complex related blackout analysis. The case study presented in this paper demonstrates the utilization of synchrophasor data to have a better realization about the grid disturbance. It covers some of the important dynamic simulation studies considered representative of various scenarios during this. The paper illustrates utilization of Prony analysis using multiple signals and Fast Fourier Transform methods in conjunction with frequency data obtained in real-time from PMUs installed in the western regional grid of India to determine the frequency of oscillations, its magnitude, and related damping during this disturbance. The focus of this study involves the application of these techniques to gain insight into the oscillatory behavior of the system during this disturbance associated with ultra-mega power plant having generation capacity greater than or equal to 4000 MW from the western part of Indian grid. Based on this, distinct categorization of oscillations into “local mode” and “inter-area mode” of oscillations was done for enhanced understanding about the type of oscillations getting excited during this disturbance.
The effect of slight milling on nutritional composition and morphology of quinoa (Chenopodium) grain
Authors: Wu Li-Gen , Wang Anna , Shen Ruilin , Qu Lingbo
Published: August 2020

This study conducted a detailed evaluation of the nutritional value and proximate composition of milled quinoa grain at different dehulling rates with the goal of identifying a range of dehulling rates that retain the maximum level of nutrients and phytochemicals.

Eleven samples of quinoa grain processed at different dehulling rates were obtained through light abrasive milling. The relationship between the dehulling rate and the nutritional composition of quinoa grain was determined. As the dehulling rate increased, the proportions of protein, fat, dietary fiber and ash decreased, whereas the proportion of starch increased. With the increase of dehulling rate, increasing amounts of protein, fat, starch, dietary fiber, saponin, flavonoids, and total phenolic were lost with the hull residue. At the dehulling rates of 8.6%, 11.72% protein, 7.57% fat, 4.72% starch, 28.9% total dietary fiber, 45.5% soluble dietary fiber, 48.58% saponin, 26.18% flavonoid, and 42.25% total phenolic were lost in dehulled quinoa grain compared with the raw quinoa grain. Optical microscope photos and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that only the pericarp of quinoa was scoured when the dehulling rate was below 8.6%, and the quinoa grain retained a complete embryo. Therefore, to retain maximum nutritional and phytochemical content in the quinoa and maintain quinoa grain integrity, it is necessary to limit the dehulling rate of quinoa in the range of less than 8.6%.
Ultradiversities and their spherical completeness
Authors: H. Mehrabani Gholamreza , Nourouzi Kourosh
Published: August 2020

Diversities are a generalization of metric spaces which associate a positive real number to every finite subset of the space. In this paper, we introduce ultradiversities which are themselves simultaneously diversities and a sort of generalization of ultrametric spaces. We also give the notion of spherical completeness for ultradiversities based on the balls defined in such spaces. In particular, with the help of nonexpansive mappings defined between ultradiversities, we show that an ultradiversity is spherically complete if and only if it is injective.
The effect of Rheum ribes L. on oxidative stress in diabetic rats
Authors: Yildirim Metin , Degirmenci Ulas , Akkapulu Merih , Comelekoglu Ulku , Balli Ebru , Metin Ozcan Tuba , Berköz Mehmet , Yalin Ali Erdinc , Yalin Serap
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Rheum ribes L. is a perennial plant that belongs to the family of Polygonaceae, which is often used in traditional therapy because it possesses many bioactivities, such as antioxidant and antibacterial ones. Here we examined the effect of different R. ribes L. extracts on oxidative stress in experimental diabetic rats.

Methods

Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups as follows: group I, control group; group II, diabetic rats; group III, diabetic rats treated with the aqueous extract of R. ribes L. by gavage at 50 mg/kg for 15 days; group IV, diabetic rats treated by gavage with the ethanolic extract of R. ribes L. at 50 mg/kg for 15 days; group V, nondiabetic rats treated by gavage with the aqueous extract of R. ribes L. at 50 mg/kg for 15 days; group VI, nondiabetic rats treated by gavage with the ethanol extract of R. ribes L. at 50 mg/kg for 15 days. After 15 days, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidney tissues of each animal were isolated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the tissue samples were measured, and histopathologic examination was carried out.

Results

R. ribes L. was effective in reducing the oxidative stress and increasing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes. Increased levels of MDA and decreased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were observed in both the liver and kidney tissues in group II. Decreased levels of MDA and increased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were observed in group III compared with group II. In group IV, decreased levels of MDA and increased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were observed in comparison with group II.

Conclusions

Diabetes increases oxidative stress and causes a decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. ribes L. decrease oxidative stress activity and increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes. The ethanol extract of R. ribes L. has a higher antioxidant effect than the aqueous extract.
Efficacy of Habbul aas (fruits of Myrtus communis) in menorrhagia: a single blinded randomized standard control study
Authors: Umarami Rayeesa Banu R. , Roqaiya Mariyam , Quadri Mohd Aqil
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Menorrhagia can be defined as heavy uterine bleeding which comes at regular intervals or uterine bleeding extending more than seven days during menses which has become a considerable problem for females, causing discomfort, anxiety, and poor quality of life. In this study we aimed to compare the effect of Myrtus communis fruits with tranexamic acid in the treatment of menorrhagia.

Methods

In this prospective patient blinded standard controlled study, 40 patients of menorrhagia were randomly assigned to receive either test drug (powdered M. communis fruits) or active control drug (tranexamic acid) for first five days of menstrual cycle consecutively for two cycles. The primary outcome measure was reduction in heavy flow during menses determined by pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC), while improvements in quality of life (QOL) by using short form-36 questionnaire and increase in hemoglobin percentage were kept as secondary outcome measures.

Results

Both the groups were similar at baseline. Test and control drugs significantly reduced the PBAC score during treatment cycles with p-value <0.001 and these changes were not significantly different between the groups. During second treatment cycle significant difference was found in PBAC score (p = 0.024) between the groups. After treatment significant improvement in hemoglobin percentage was noted and marked improvement in overall quality of life was observed in both the groups.

Conclusion

These data suggest that M. communis fruits can be an effective alternate in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding. There is need to confirm these results by designing a trial on large number of patients.

Trial Registration No

CTRI/2017/09/009937.
Groups satisfying the double chain condition on non-subnormal subgroups
Authors: Brescia Mattia
Published: August 2020

If θ is a subgroup property, a group G is said to satisfy the double chain condition on θ-subgroups if it admits no infinite double sequences

⋯
<

X

-
n

<
⋯
<

X

-
1

<

X
0

<

X
1

<
⋯
<

X
n

<
⋯

\cdots<X_{-n}<\cdots<X_{-1}<X_{0}<X_{1}<\cdots<X_{n}<\cdots

consisting of θ-subgroups.
The structure of generalised radical groups satisfying the double chain condition on non-subnormal subgroups is described.
Evaluation of Basic Trainings for Rescue Forces
Authors: Niemann Lena , Thielsch Meinald T.
Published: August 2020

Since members of rescue forces such as firefighters have to deal with sometimes extreme and dangerous situations, high-quality basic trainings are indispensable for their professional success. There is therefore an obvious need for standardized tools assessing the training quality. This paper aims to develop and validate such an evaluation instrument. In Study 1, a qualitative analysis (N = 21) was used to identify core characteristics of good firefighter basic trainings and served as theoretical basis for the generation of corresponding items. In Study 2 (N = 257), the item set was piloted and reduced, its structure was assessed in exploratory factor analyses, and first validations were conducted. Study 3 (N = 451) tested the proposed factor structure via confirmatory analyses and validated the questionnaire comprehensively. Factor analyses showed a six-factor structure. The scales of the newly created Feedback Instrument for Rescue forces Education – Basic education (FIRE-B) are to be judged as reliable. Moreover, there are several clear indications of validity. Thus, the present research contributes to the understanding of critical factors and processes of basic trainings. Furthermore, the FIRE-B has a high practical relevance, both in the assessment of training quality and in the identification of opportunities for improvement.
Impaired glucose homeostasis and a novel HLCS pathogenic variant in holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency: a report of two cases and brief review
Authors: Wu Hsin-Ru , Chen Kuan-Jung , Hsiao Hui-Pin , Chao Mei-Chyn
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (HCSD) (OMIM #253270) is a rare inborn error of metabolism with an estimated annual incidence of 1 in 200,000 people. Typical manifestations of HCSD include eczema, alopecia, lactic acidosis and hyperammonemia. Diagnosis is made through genetic analysis.

Case presentation

Patient 1 was a 7-year-old girl with normal growth and development, presenting with severe hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. Her family reported that she was diagnosed as having ketotic hypoglycemia; she had five episodes of hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis in past 4 years when her oral intake decreased during acute illness. Patient 2 was a 6-month-old female infant with normal growth and development, presenting with progressive generalized eczema and metabolic acidosis for the first time. We found that they both had hyperammonemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperketonemia, organic acids detected in urine and elevated C5OH acylcarnitine level by tandem mass spectrometry. HLCS gene analysis showed a homozygous pathogenic variant p.V363D in patient 1 and a pathogenic variant p.R508W compound with a novel splice site pathogenic variant c.2010-1G>A in patient 2. They have been on biotin treatment (10 mg/day for both of them) for more than 2 years and no more symptoms have occurred.

Conclusions

HCSD is a rare disease, and it can be fatal if severe metabolic acidosis occurs without timely management. Once the diagnosis is made, most of the patients with HCSD have good prognosis and normal life expectancy with biotin treatment.
Reference intervals for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in infants’ day 14–30 of life and a comparison with other studies
Authors: Wong Jeanne Sze Lyn , Selveindran Nalini M. , Mohamed Rashdan Zaki , Zain Fuziah M. , Anas Siti S. , Hong Janet Y. H.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Established reference intervals of thyroid function in neonates are important; however, studies often consist of a small sample size or lack of clinical information. We aim to define reference intervals for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) for infants aged 14–30 days. We also reviewed follow-up TSH for infants with initial values 10–20 mIU/L.

Methods

Venous TSH and FT4 of term babies aged 14–30 days with breast milk jaundice that had thyroid function test performed as part of a prolonged jaundice workout from September 2016 to March 2017 were analyzed. Electronic medical records were reviewed to ensure only well babies with no pathological causes of jaundice or conditions that may affect thyroid function were included. TSH and FT4 were analyzed using immunoassay analyzer Dxl 800, Beckman Coulter.

Results

There were no correlations between FT4 and TSH with gender, birth weight and ethnicity. Correlation coefficient between FT4 and total bilirubin was weak at 0.138 (p=0.001). No association was found between TSH and bilirubin levels. Mean FT4 was higher in the younger age group day 14–21 (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in TSH values between the age groups. Infants with mildly elevated TSH 10–20 mIU/L had normalized values on follow-up (mean, 11.41 vs. 4.42 mIU/L; p<0.01; 95%CI, 5.88–8.09). The following reference intervals (2.5–97.5th percentile) were derived: FT4 day 14–21 (n=513): 11.59–21.00 pmoL/L; FT4 day 22–30 (n=66): 10.14–19.60 pmoL/L; TSH day 14–30 (n=579): 1.90–10.34 mIU/L. Comparison between studies showed variations of reference intervals with different manufacturer assays, age and methodology.

Conclusions

Our reference intervals would be useful in the clinical setting. Infants with mildly elevated TSH could be monitored first instead of immediate treatment.
Killing a Constitution with a Thousand Cuts: Executive Aggrandizement and Party-state Fusion in India
Authors: Khaitan Tarunabh
Published: August 2020

Many concerned citizens, including judges, bureaucrats, politicians, activists, journalists, and academics, have been claiming that Indian democracy has been imperilled under the premiership of Narendra Modi, which began in 2014. To examine this claim, the Article sets up an analytic framework for accountability mechanisms liberal democratic constitutions put in place to provide a check on the political executive. The assumption is that only if this framework is dismantled in a systemic manner can we claim that democracy itself is in peril. This framework helps distinguish between actions that one may disagree with ideologically but are nonetheless permitted by an elected government, from actions that strike at the heart of liberal democratic constitutionalism. Liberal democratic constitutions typically adopt three ways of making accountability demands on the political executive: vertically, by demanding electoral accountability to the people; horizontally, by subjecting it to accountability demands of other state institutions like the judiciary and fourth branch institutions; and diagonally, by requiring discursive accountability by the media, the academy, and civil society. This framework assures democracy over time – i.e. it guarantees democratic governance not only to the people today, but to all future peoples of India. Each elected government has the mandate to implement its policies over a wide range of matters. However, seeking to entrench the ruling party’s stranglehold on power in ways that are inimical to the continued operation of democracy cannot be one of them. The Article finds that the first Modi government in power between 2014 and 2019 did indeed seek to undermine each of these three strands of executive accountability. Unlike the assault on democratic norms during India Gandhi’s Emergency in the 1970s, there is little evidence of a direct or full-frontal attack during this period. The Bharatiya Janata Party government’s mode of operation was subtle, indirect, and incremental, but also systemic. Hence, the Article characterizes the phenomenon as “killing a constitution by a thousand cuts.” The incremental assaults on democratic governance were typically justified by a combination of a managerial rhetoric of efficiency and good governance (made plausible by the undeniable imperfection of our institutions) and a divisive rhetoric of hyper-nationalism (which brands political opponents of the party as traitors of the state). Since its resounding victory in the 2019 general elections, the Modi government appears to have moved into consolidation mode. No longer constrained by the demands of coalition partners, early signs suggest that it may abandon the incrementalist approach for a more direct assault on democratic constitutionalism.
First records of Hypsugo cadornae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in China
Authors: Xie Huan-Wang , Peng Xingwen , Zhang Chunlan , Liang Jie , He Xiangyang , Wang Jian , Wang Junhua , Zhang Yuzhi , Zhang Libiao
Published: August 2020

Hypsugo cadornae bats have been found in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. In 2017 and 2018, 15 medium size Hypsugo bats were collected from Shaoguan, Guangzhou, and Huizhou in Guangdong, China. Molecular and morphological examinations identified them as H. cadornae. This is the first record of H. cadornae in China. Morphological and ultrasonic characteristics of H. cadornae were compared with its close relative, Hypsugo pulveratus.