bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent–Child Relationship Typologies and Associated Health Status Among Older Adults in the United States and China: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Kong Dexia , Lu Peiyi , Wu Bei , Silverstein Merril
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

Cultural differences in intergenerational relationships have been well established in prior research. However, cross-national comparison evidence on the parent–child relationship and its health implications remains limited.

Research Design and Methods

Data from the 2014 U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the 2015 Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in China were used (NUS, non-Hispanic Whites only = 3,918; NChina = 4,058). Relationship indicators included coresidence, living nearby, having weekly contact, receiving assistance with daily activities, providing grandchild care, and financial transfer to/from children. Latent class and regression analyses were conducted.

Results

Four classes were identified for non-Hispanic White older Americans: (1) distant and uninvolved (6.58%), (2) geographically proximate with frequent contact and downward support (47.04%), (3) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (13.1%), and (4) geographically proximate with frequent contact (33.28%). Three classes were identified among older Chinese: (1) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (37.46%), (2) coresident/interdependent (25.65%), and (3) geographically proximate with frequent contact and upward financial support (36.89%). For non-Hispanic White older Americans, providing downward support was associated with fewer functional limitations and better cognition. Receiving instrumental support from children was associated with more depressive symptoms, more functional limitations, and poorer cognition among older Chinese.

Discussion and Implications

Cultural contrasts were evident in parent–child relationship typologies and their health implications. Compared to the U.S. non-Hispanic Whites, parent–child relationships in China tended to be closer and associated with poorer health status. The findings call for culturally relevant strategies to improve parent–child relationships and ultimately promote the health of older adults.
Genome assembly and resequencing shed light on evolution, population selection, and sex identification in Vernicia montana
Authors: Li Wenying , Dong Xiang , Zhang Xingtan , Cao Jie , Liu Meilan , Zhou Xu , Long Hongxu , Cao Heping , Lin Hai , Zhang Lin
Published: May 2024

Vernicia montana is a dioecious plant widely cultivated for high-quality tung oil production and ornamental purposes in the Euphorbiaceae family. The lack of genomic information has severely hindered molecular breeding for genetic improvement and early sex identification in V. montana. Here, we present a chromosome-level reference genome of a male V. montana with a total size of 1.29 Gb and a contig N50 of 3.69 Mb. Genome analysis revealed that different repeat lineages drove the expansion of genome size. The model of chromosome evolution in the Euphorbiaceae family suggests that polyploidization-induced genomic structural variation reshaped the chromosome structure, giving rise to the diverse modern chromosomes. Based on whole-genome resequencing data and analyses of selective sweep and genetic diversity, several genes associated with stress resistance and flavonoid synthesis such as CYP450 genes and members of the LRR–RLK family, were identified and presumed to have been selected during the evolutionary process. Genome-wide association studies were conducted and a putative sex-linked insertion and deletion (InDel) (Chr 2: 102 799 917-102 799 933 bp) was identified and developed as a polymorphic molecular marker capable of effectively detecting the gender of V. montana. This InDel is located in the second intron of VmBASS4, suggesting a possible role of VmBASS4 in sex determination in V. montana. This study sheds light on the genome evolution and sex identification of V. montana, which will facilitate research on the development of agronomically important traits and genomics-assisted breeding.
Ten key issues for ecological restoration of territorial space
Authors: Peng Jian , Xu Dongmei , Xu Zihan , Tang Hui , Jiang Hong , Dong Jianquan , Liu Yanxu
Published: May 2024

This study innovatively puts forward the three-stage restoration goals and cutting-edge key scientific issues of ecological restoration, as well as their relationships.
Consumer participation in the credit market during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Charalambakis Evangelos , Teppa Federica , Tsiortas Athanasios
Published: May 2024

This article analyses the consumer’s decision to apply for credit and the probability of the credit being accepted in the euro area during a period characterized by the unprecedented concomitance of events and changing borrowing conditions linked to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. We use data between 2020Q1 and 2023Q2 from the ECB’s Consumer Expectations Survey. We find that credit demand is the highest when the first lockdown ends and it drops when supportive monetary compensation schemes are implemented. There is evidence that constrained households are significantly less likely to apply for credit. Credit is more likely to be accepted under favourable borrowing conditions and after the approval of national recovery plans. We also find that demographic, economic factors, perceptions, and expectations are associated with the demand for credit and the credit grant.
Trust performance in managing inflammatory arthritis over time in England and Wales: a latent class analysis approach
Authors: Yang Zijing , Arumalla Nikita , Alveyn Edward , Gallagher Sarah , Price Elizabeth , Russell Mark D , Bechman Katie , Norton Sam , Galloway James
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To evaluate trust-level performance in time to initiation of DMARD therapy in patients with early inflammatory arthritis (EIA), with identification of the change in performance trajectories over time and investigation of trust characteristics associated with this change.

Methods

We included 130 trusts from the UK contributing to the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit (NEIAA) from 2018 to 2020. The primary outcome was days from referral to initiation of DMARD therapy in patients with EIA. Latent class growth mixture models were applied to identify distinct groups of trusts with similar trajectories of performance change over time. We used mixed effects linear and multinomial logistic regression models to evaluate the association between delay in treatment and trust-level characteristics.

Results

The mean time to DMARD initiation was 53 days (s.d. 18), with an average 0.3-day decrease with each month over time. Four latent trajectories were identified in our cohort, with >77% of individual trusts showing ongoing improvements in decreasing treatment waiting times. Prior to separating by latent class, time to DMARD initiation was shorter in trusts with higher rheumatology staffing, a local EIA treatment pathway and those with access to musculoskeletal ultrasound. Trusts with more nurses in the rheumatology department were less likely to be in the worst performance group [odds ratio 0.69 (95% CI 0.49, 0.93)].

Conclusion

In this cohort study, we observed a reduction in treatment waiting time over time. Trusts with better staffed and improved EIA clinical structure are likely to initiate definitive treatment earlier in patients with EIA.
Large muscle group movements during sleep in restless leg syndrome: neurophysiological and clinical implications
Authors: Mogavero Maria P , Congiu Patrizia , Lanza Giuseppe , Marelli Sara , Castelnuovo Alessandra , Puligheddu Monica , DelRosso Lourdes M , Ferini Strambi Luigi , Ferri Raffaele
Published: May 2024

Study Objectives

Recently, criteria have been drawn up for large muscle group movements during sleep (LMM), defined as movements lasting for 3–45 seconds in adults, which are often accompanied by changes in sleep stage, arousals, and increases in heart rate. The aim of this study was to characterize LMM in restless legs syndrome (RLS) in order to better evaluate their impact on the neurophysiology of the disorder and, therefore, the possible clinical implications.

Methods

Consecutive, drug-free patients diagnosed with RLS and controls, aged 18 years or more, were retrospectively enrolled. Leg movement activity—short-interval (SILMS), periodic (PLMS), and isolated (ISOLMS) leg movements during sleep—and LMM were detected and scored.

Results

In total, 100 patients and 67 controls were recruited. All movement measures were significantly higher in RLS. A significant positive correlation was found between LMM and ISOLMS index but not PLMS index in both groups. LMM index showed a significant negative correlation with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and percentage of sleep stages N3 and R, as well as a significant positive correlation with the number of awakenings, and percentage of sleep stages N1 and N2 only in patients with RLS. No significant correlation was found between either LMM or PLMS index and RLS severity.

Conclusions

Different types of movements, including SILMS, ISOLMS, and LMM, play somewhat distinct roles in sleep neurophysiology in RLS. Notably, LMM, a newly recognized category of movements, demonstrates associations with sleep architecture instability and fragmentation, arousals, and awakenings, suggesting potential clinical implications.
Denmark: Danish Foundations
Authors: Feldthusen Rasmus Kristian
Published: May 2024

In this article, the unique structure of Danish Foundation law is described. Danish law has two pieces of legislation, one for non-enterprise foundations and the other for enterprise foundations. Enterprise foundations play a huge role in Denmark as long-term owners of some of its largest companies, for example, Novo Nordisk, Mærsk, Carlsberg, etc. This article describes the special rules on enterprise foundations as well as the tax implications of setting up a Danish (enterprise) foundation and explains how they are taxed on their income and distributions. The author also refers to Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish foundation law, where relevant.
Evaluating increasing levels of sodium diformate in diets for nursery and finishing pigs on growth performance, fecal dry matter, and carcass characteristics
Authors: Gaffield Katelyn N , Becker Gracie J , Smallfield Jessica L , DeRouchey Joel M , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , Lohrmann Troy , Lückstädt Christian , Menegat Mariana B , Liebenstein Mary , Allerson Matt , Gebhardt Jordan T
Published: May 2024

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium diformate in swine diets. For Exp. 1, 360 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 5.9 ± 0.06 kg) were used in a 38-d study. At weaning, pigs were randomly assigned to pens with five pigs per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of six treatments with 12 pens per treatment. Treatments were formulated to provide none, 0.40%, 0.60%, 0.80%, 1.00%, or 1.20% sodium diformate added at the expense of corn. Diets were fed in three phases: phase 1 from weaning to day 9, phase 2 from days 9 to 24, and phase 3 from days 24 to 38. From days 0 to 24 (phases 1 and 2), increasing sodium diformate increased (linear, P = 0.001) gain-to-feed (G:F). However, sodium diformate did not affect average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). From days 24 to 38 (phase 3) and overall (days 0 to 38), there was no evidence of differences due to increasing sodium diformate for any growth response criteria. There was no evidence for differences in fecal dry matter (DM) on day 9. However, fecal DM decreased (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P = 0.097) as sodium diformate increased on day 24. In Exp. 2, 2,200 pigs (Duroc sire [PIC 800 or DNA 600] × PIC Camborough; initially 24.2 ± 0.30 kg) were used in a 117-d growth trial. Pens of pigs (25 pigs per pen) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments with 22 pens per treatment. Treatments were formulated with additions of none, 0.25%, 0.50%, or 0.75% sodium diformate. Diets were fed in six phases from 24 to 141 kg. For period 1 (days 0 to 32), ADFI tended to decrease then increase (quadratic, P = 0.081) with increasing sodium diformate, whereas G:F increased then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.001) with increasing sodium diformate. For period 2 (days 32 to 60), there was no evidence for differences in ADG or ADFI; however, there was a tendency for G:F to increase then decrease (quadratic, P = 0.093) with increasing sodium diformate. From days 60 to 93, increasing sodium diformate increased (linear, P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI. From days 93 to 117, increasing sodium diformate increased (linear, P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Overall (days 0 to 117), pigs fed increasing sodium diformate had increased (linear, P < 0.01) ADG and a tendency for increased (linear, P = 0.075) ADFI; however, there was no evidence for differences in G:F. There were no treatment differences for any carcass characteristic. In summary, increasing sodium diformate may increase G:F in the early nursery and improve ADG after day 60 (approximately 82 kg) in the finishing period.
Distinct immunometabolic signatures in circulating immune cells define disease outcome in acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Feio-Azevedo Rita , Boesch Markus , Radenkovic Silvia , van Melkebeke Lukas , Smets Lena , Wallays Marie , Boeckx Bram , Philips Gino , Prata de Oliveira Janaíne , Ghorbani Mohammad , Laleman Wim , Meersseman Philippe , Wilmer Alexander , Cassiman David , van Malenstein Hannah , Triantafyllou Evangelos , Sánchez Cristina , Aguilar Ferran , Nevens Frederik , Verbeek Jef , Moreau Richard , Arroyo Vicente , Denadai Souza Alexandre , Clària Joan , Lambrechts Diether , Ghesquière Bart , Korf Hannelie , van der Merwe Schalk
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complication of cirrhosis characterized by multiple organ failure and high short-term mortality. The pathophysiology of ACLF involves elevated systemic inflammation leading to organ failure, along with immune dysfunction that heightens susceptibility to bacterial infections. However, it is unclear how these aspects are associated with recovery and nonrecovery in ACLF.

Approach and Results:

Here, we mapped the single-cell transcriptome of circulating immune cells from patients with ACLF and acute decompensated (AD) cirrhosis and healthy individuals. We further interrogate how these findings, as well as immunometabolic and functional profiles, associate with ACLF-recovery (ACLF-R) or nonrecovery (ACLF-NR). Our analysis unveiled 2 distinct states of classical monocytes (cMons). Hereto, ACLF-R cMons were characterized by transcripts associated with immune and stress tolerance, including anti-inflammatory genes such as RETN and LGALS1. Additional metabolomic and functional validation experiments implicated an elevated oxidative phosphorylation metabolic program as well as an impaired ACLF-R cMon functionality. Interestingly, we observed a common stress-induced tolerant state, oxidative phosphorylation program, and blunted activation among lymphoid populations in patients with ACLF-R. Conversely, ACLF-NR cMon featured elevated expression of inflammatory and stress response genes such as VIM, LGALS2, and TREM1, along with blunted metabolic activity and increased functionality.

Conclusions:

This study identifies distinct immunometabolic cellular states that contribute to disease outcomes in patients with ACLF. Our findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of ACLF, shedding light on factors driving either recovery or nonrecovery phenotypes, which may be harnessed as potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Blood transfusion might not be recommended for gastric cancer patients with pretransfusion minimum hemoglobin values higher than 90 g/l: a real-world study covering 20 years of 13 470 patients
Authors: Wang Wanqing , Sun Chongyuan , Zhao Lulu , Han Xue , Luan Xiaoyi , Zhang Xiaojie , Niu Penghui , Zhao Dongbing , Chen Yingtai
Published: May 2024

Background:

There was no consistent evidence of whether perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) affects the long-term survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients after undergoing gastrectomy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PBT on the long-term survival of GC patients, as well as to determine the threshold of PBT and provide evidence for future surgical practice.

Methods:

We performed this real-world study of GC patients undergoing gastrectomy at China National Cancer Center from January 1, 2000 to December 30, 2019. Overall survival (OS) curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared statistically using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the risk factors for OS.

Results:

In total, 13 470 GC patients undergoing gastrectomy from 2000 to 2019 were included, of whom 3465 (34.6%) GC patients received PBT. PBT ratios declined from 29.1% (114/392) in 2000 to 11.2% in 2019 (149/1178), with the highest blood transfusion ratio in 2005 at 43.7% (220/504). For patients transfused with red blood cells, the median value of hemoglobin (Hb) before transfusion in the PBT group decreased from 110 g/l in 2000 to 87 g/l in 2019. Compared with patients who not receiving PBT, PBT group are more likely to be older (≥65, 39.1% vs. 30.1%, P<0.001), open operation (89.7% vs. 78.1%, P<0.001), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (>2, 25.3% vs. 14.9%, P<0.001) and in the later pTNM stage (pTNM stage III, 68.5% vs. 51.5%, P<0.001). Results of multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that PBT was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS in GC patients undergoing gastrectomy [HR=1.106, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.211, P=0.03). After stratified according to tumor stage, we found that PBT group had a worse prognosis only in pTNM stage III (HR=1.197, 95% CI: 1.119–1.281, P<0.001). OS was obviously poor in the PBT group when Hb levels were higher than 90 g/l (90 g/l<Hb≤120 g/l: HR=1.196, 95% CI: 1.090–1.313, P<0.001; Hb>120 g/l: HR=1.207, 95% CI: 1.098–1.327, P<0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups when Hb levels were lower than or equal to 90 g/l (Hb≤90 g/l: HR=1.162, 95% CI: 0.985–1.370, P=0.075).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, PBT was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS. Blood transfusion might not be recommended for GC patients with perioperative minimum Hb values higher than 90 g/l.
Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of testicular cancer from 1990 to 2019: an observational study with 30-year global data
Authors: Zhou Xianghong , Zhang Zilong , Ruan Cheng , Wu Yuwei , Zeng Bin , Su Xinyang , Yuan Qiming , Li Yifan , Wei Qiang , Qiu Shi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Testicular cancer (TC) is currently the most common malignancy in young and middle-aged men. A comprehensive assessment of TC burden is in lack.

Method:

Global incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of TC from 1990 to 2019 were obtained. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify trends in TC changes during the period. Relationships between disease burden and age, socio-demographic index (SDI) levels, human development index (HDI) were further analyzed.

Results:

Globally, incident cases of TC more than doubled from 1990 to 2019, together with an increasing of global age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of TC from 1.9 to 2.8. The age-standardized deaths rates (ASDR) remained stable from 0.31 to 0.28. The similar results were reflected in the DALYs. In 2019, the highest ASIR were found in Southern Latin America, Central Europe and Western Europe. Analogously, the highest ASDR were found in Southern Latin America followed by Central Latin America and Central Europe. The burden of incidence increased with SDI, appropriately reached a peak at about 0.78, and then declined. Similarly, the burden of deaths increased with SDI, met a maximum at about 0.7.

Conclusions:

From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of TC has increased significantly, while the ASDR has been relatively stable and slightly decreased. The disease burden of TC is shifting to regions and countries with moderate to high levels of development. TC remains a rapidly growing global health problem, and new changes in TC burden should be considered when formulating new TC control policies.
The effect of acupuncture on gastrointestinal recovery after abdominal surgery: a narrative review from clinical trials
Authors: Kong Qi , Chen Li-Ming , Liu Chu-Yu , Li Wei , Yin Pei-Hao
Published: May 2024

Abdominal surgery is a critical surgery, with more and more attention being paid to postoperative life quality and associated complications in recent years. Among these complications, postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is the most common complication of abdominal surgery. Acupuncture therapy is a treatment approach based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, and its feasibility in aiding gastrointestinal recovery after abdominal surgery is supported by both Traditional Chinese Medicine theory and animal experiments. A lot of clinical research has been conducted to evaluate its efficacy, albeit with limitations, and at preliminary stages. Moreover, intervention timing, acupoint selection, and patient benefits should also be considered in clinical practices. This article summarizes the progress of clinical research on acupuncture therapy in gastrointestinal recovery after abdominal surgery and discusses related issues and operations, with the aim to provide new insights and prospects for the incorporation of acupuncture into the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol.
Deregulated miR-146a-3p alleviates disease progression in atherosclerosis through inactivating NF-κB: An experimental study
Authors: Tao Taotao , Chen Linkao , Lin Xia , Fan Zijian , Zhu Chengfei , Mao Lingqun
Published: May 2024

Background:

Atherosclerosis (AS), as a complex chronic inflammatory disease, is 1 of the main causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to confirm the direct interaction between miR-146a-3p and NF-κB, and explore the role of miR-146a-3p/NF-κB in the regulation of inflammation in AS.

Methods:

Bioinformatic prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm the interaction between miR-146a-3p and NF-κB. Lipopolysaccharides stimulation was performed to establish AS inflammatory cell model, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. miR-146a-3p and NF-κB expression were evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and their clinical value was examined using a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results:

Inflammatory cell model showed increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. NF-κB was a target gene of miR-146a-3p, and mediated the inhibitory effects of miR-146a-3p on inflammatory responses in the cell model. In patients with AS, miR-146a-3p/NF-κB was associated with patients’ clinical data and inflammatory cytokine levels, and aberrant miR-146a-3p and NF-κB showed diagnostic accuracy to distinguish AS patients from healthy populations.

Conclusion:

miR-146a-3p might inhibit inflammation by targeting NF-κB in AS progression, and miR-146a-3p/ NF-κB might provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention of AS and related vascular events.
Feasibility and acceptability of a home-based virtual group exercise program in global Asian adult population: Baseline characteristics of a cohort study
Authors: Liu Jianghong , Liu Yuanfei , Chen Vienna , Chee Wonshik , Im Eun-Ok
Published: May 2024

Background:

To determine the potential influence of a home-based virtual group exercise on people’s long-term overall health consequences in global Asian population.

Methods:

We recruited 1021 participants from more than 7 regions across the globe including Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, United States, Canada, Europe, and other regions. All the participants attended the virtual group Qigong exercise 60-minute bi-weekly with instructors for 6 months from June 2022 to December 2022. The physical, mental, and social well-being and other variables were measured via online questionnaires.

Results:

The majority were 51 to 65 (50.6%) years old, female (90.2%), married (68.5%), and came from Taiwan (48.9%). Older adults had higher scores on measures of overall health and exercise adherence, and lower scores on measures of sleep quality and depressive symptoms compared with younger counterparts (P < .05). Most of them (95.3%) acknowledged that the improvement of health status was their motivating factor for exercise. Eighty nine percent of the participants believed that social media played an important role in this exercise program.

Conclusion:

This study will suggest such approach has great potential to reduce health disparities and can be implemented to underserved population who has limited recourses to join in-person exercise program.
Clinical research progress on intrathecal glucocorticoids in the treatment of infections: A review
Authors: Lv Zixv , Liu Yingying
Published: May 2024

In some infectious diseases, pathogenic microorganisms can directly or indirectly cause significant inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system, leading to severe neurological dysfunction, such as suppurative meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and febrile infections. related epilepsy syndrome, etc. In these diseases, adjuvant administration of glucocorticoids is necessary to inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and intrathecal administration can deliver the drug more directly to the target. In this article, the authors studied intrathecal glucocorticoids for the treatment of infectious inflammatory reactions in terms of pharmacological effects and mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical application, and safety. The authors concluded that the article could help provide new treatment strategies for infectious diseases.
Mirvetuximab soravtansine: A breakthrough in targeted therapy for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Kokori Emmanuel , Olatunji Gbolahan , Komolafe Rosemary , Abraham Israel Charles , Ukoaka Bonaventure , Samuel Owolabi , Ayodeji Akinmeji , Ogunbowale Ibukunoluwa , Ezenwoba Chidiogo , Aderinto Nicholas
Published: May 2024

Ovarian cancer, ranked as the second leading cause of gynecologic malignancy-related deaths globally, poses a formidable challenge despite advances in early detection and treatment modalities. This paper explores the efficacy and safety of mirvetuximab soravtansine, the first folate receptor alpha (FRα)-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer expressing FRα. A review of 4 key studies involving 453 participants consistently demonstrates mirvetuximab soravtansine’s clinically meaningful antitumor activity and favorable safety profile. Clinical implications emphasize mirvetuximab soravtansine’s pivotal role in targeted therapy, especially for high FRα-expressing tumors, potentially reshaping platinum-resistant ovarian cancer management. The combination therapy approach introduces a novel dimension, suggesting enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Even in heavily pretreated patients, mirvetuximab soravtansine’s favorable tolerability positions it as a viable option. The reliability of archival tissue for FRα assessment simplifies patient selection, streamlining accessibility to targeted therapies. However, identified gaps, including limited diversity in patient populations, sparse quality of life data, and the need for long-term safety information, indicate areas for future research. Exploration of additional biomarkers predicting mirvetuximab soravtansine responsiveness is essential for personalized treatment.
The role of preoperative FPR and FAR in prognostic evaluation of stages II and III radical colorectal cancer: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yan Hang , Liu Tao , Yu Ruyi , Xia Dong
Published: May 2024

The inflammatory and nutritional states of body are 2 important causes associated with the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic evaluation value of preoperative fibrinogen-to-prealbumin ratio (FPR) and preoperative fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) in CRC. The clinical data of 350 stages II and III patients with CRC who received radical resection were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were followed up for 5 years to observe the overall survival and disease-free survival of 5 years and analyze the relationship between preoperative FPR and FAR and prognosis of all enrolled patients. In addition, we analyzed the diagnostic and application value of combined biomarkers. This study showed high-level preoperative FPR and FAR were significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival of stages II and III patients with CRC. The elevated preoperative FPR and FAR level was significantly related to age, tumor differentiation level, TNM stage, vascular infiltration, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen199, etc. The combination of FPR, FAR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and carbohydrate antigen199 had the maximum area under curve (AUC = 0.856, 95% CI: 0.814–0.897, Sen = 78.20%, Spe = 82.49%, P < .05) under the receiver-operating characteristics curve. The preoperative FPR and FAR have important prognostic value and they can be used as independent prognostic marker for patients with stages II and III CRC undergoing radical resection. Moreover, the combination of biomarkers could further enhance the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of CRC.
Association of dietary habits with body mass index and waist circumference, and their interaction effect on hypertension
Authors: Zhao Qing , Wu Qiong , Zhong Honghui , Yan Bin , Wu Jiajian , Guo Wentao
Published: May 2024

Dietary modifications play a crucial role in blood pressure management, and although body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are significant predictors of hypertension, limited studies have explored their relationship with dietary habits. This cross-sectional study conducted in Ganzhou, China, focused on middle-aged and elderly residents to investigate the correlation between dietary habits and BMI, WC, and their interaction impact on hypertension. The study found that salty and sweet intake correlated positively with BMI and WC, whereas bean and coarse grain intake were negatively correlated. A significant interaction effect was showed between dietary habits, and BMI and WC on hypertension. Specifically, individuals with obesity or central obesity combined with poor dietary habits had higher odds of hypertension. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for nutritional interventions for middle-aged and elderly residents with varying obesity levels for the prevention and treatment of hypertension at the community level. The study concluded that dietary habits are significantly associated with BMI and WC, and poor dietary habits coexistence with obesity or central obesity can increase the prevalence rate of hypertension. Understanding these relationships can help develop strategies to address hypertension through dietary and lifestyle changes, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers to develop effective interventions addressing this growing global health concern.
Correlation between allergic rhinitis or hay fever and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Qudsia Umaira , Rehman Muneeb Ur , Abbasi Mohammad Ali Arshad , Shiekh Rubina Rafique , Nazir Munazza , Raja Sohail Khan , Akbar Amna , Tasneem Sabahat , Jadoon Sarosh Khan , Alvi Sarosh
Published: May 2024

Background:

The association between allergies and cancer is contradictory, whereas some forms of cancer have inverse associations with allergies. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most prevalent form of allergy, and lung cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer with the highest mortality rate. Recent studies have reported a positive association between asthma and lung cancer; however, this association is inconclusive. Furthermore, AR is positively associated with asthma; therefore, our research question was to explore whether there is any correlation between AR and lung cancer epidemiologically.

Methods:

After a rigorous search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, 7 eligible articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, including 4724 cases and 9059 controls, 5 from the USA, and one each from Canada and Germany.

Results:

Pooled analysis (OR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45–0.68; P value < .00001) showed a strong inverse relationship between AR and lung cancer.

Conclusion:

The current meta-analysis suggests an inverse relationship between AR and lung cancer; however, new epidemiological studies are required to observe the current scenario more comprehensively.
The prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index and renal function indicators for mortality prediction in severe COVID-19 elderly patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Cao Angyang , Luo Wenjun , Wang Long , Wang Jianhua , Zhou Yanling , Huang Changshun , Zhu Binbin
Published: May 2024

Identifying prognostic factors in elderly patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for clinical management. Recent evidence suggests malnutrition and renal dysfunction are associated with poor outcome. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model incorporating prognostic nutritional index (PNI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and other parameters to predict mortality risk. This retrospective analysis included 155 elderly patients with severe COVID-19. Clinical data and outcomes were collected. Logistic regression analyzed independent mortality predictors. A joint predictor “L” incorporating PNI, eGFR, D-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was developed and internally validated using bootstrapping. Decreased PNI (OR = 1.103, 95% CI: 0.78–1.169), decreased eGFR (OR = 0.964, 95% CI: 0.937–0.992), elevated D-dimer (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000–1.004), and LDH (OR = 1.005, 95% CI: 1.001–1.008) were independent mortality risk factors (all P < .05). The joint predictor “L” showed good discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.863) and calibration. The bootstrapped area under the curve was 0.858, confirming model stability. A combination of PNI, eGFR, D-dimer, and LDH provides useful prognostic information to identify elderly patients with severe COVID-19 at highest mortality risk for early intervention. Further external validation is warranted.
Acute non peurperal uterine inversion caused by leiomyma associated with precancerous lesions: a case report
Authors: Barghash Huda O. , Basaleh Dania , Shahada Haya , Abbas Maya , Ali Hiba Al , Abbassi Haitham
Published: May 2024

Introduction and importance:

Acute nonpuerperal uterine inversion (Acute NPUI) is a rare clinical entity that is usually associated with a polypoid uterine tumor, usually a leiomyoma, but its occurrence due to combined leiomyoma with precancerous lesions is quite exceptional.

Case presentation:

Here, the authors present the case of a 65-year-old woman who was diagnosed with acute NPUI as an unusual complication of prolapsed fibroid.

Clinical discussion:

On abdominal examination, palpation of the lower abdomen was very painful. On pelvic examination, a huge hemorrhagic mass was noticed, with necrotic areas protruding at a level 10 cm above the introitus. The cervix could not be palpated or visualized, and the uterus was difficult to appreciate on a bimanual examination due to tenderness. By transabdominal sonography, the uterus could not be clearly identified. Routine blood tests were completely normal, including hemoglobin concentrations. First of all, the authors manually replaced the inverted uterus in its normal position and then performed a total hysterectomy and a bilateral adnexectomy. Pathological findings demonstrated a leiomyoma with areas of complex hyperplasia with atypia!

Conclusion:

When the authors encounter a case of nonpuerperal uterine inversion, the authors must consider fibroids as the most common cause, and the authors must act quickly so that the patient does not go into neurogenic shock and die. Although leiomyoma is the most common cause of NPUI, a pathological study should be performed in all cases.
A case report of female vaginal myiasis
Authors: He Zhonghui , Wei Xiaoning , Xu Wensheng , Wang Xinghong
Published: May 2024

Introduction and importance:

Myiasis, a rare affliction, is distinguished by the infestation of human organs by larvae of the Diptera species. Although myiasis is commonly observed in the skin, eyes, ears, and nasopharynx, the occurrence of human genital myiasis is infrequent. Instances of vulvar and prolapsed uterus myiasis have been previously documented.

Case presentation:

In this study, the authors present a case of vaginal myiasis in a young female residing in the warm and humid climate of south China. The treatment approach involved manual extraction of the maggots and vaginal irrigation with a 0.01% potassium permanganate solution for 7 days. As 1 month followed up, she was cured and then changed residence, and the vaginal myiasis was not recurrence.

Clinical discussion:

In reported myiasis cases, mechanical extraction of maggots, debridement of necrotic tissue, and irrigation with antiseptic solutions, such as 1% ivermectin solution in propylene glycol were the treatment of myiasis. In this case, a low-concentration solution of potassium permanganate, serving as an oxidizing agent, was utilized as a vaginal douching agent, and had a good effect.

Conclusion:

Vaginal infestation of maggots likely occurred due to unsanitary intercourse in a suitable environment, removal of maggots and vaginal irrigation with low-concentration solution of potassium permanganate may be an effective therapy.
Delayed infected hematoma in retrosternal area following total thyroidectomy: a case report
Authors: Zhao Hao , Chen Xi-yuan , Wang Jing , Li Tian-Xiong , Huang Pu-Xi-Dan , Du De-Xiao , A-Min Bu-He
Published: May 2024

Introduction and Importance:

Postoperative neck hematoma (PNH), a rare complication following thyroidectomy, occurs in only 1.1–3.15% of cases and can lead to life-threatening outcomes. More rarely, delayed PNHs with atypical clinical manifestations and positions have not yet been reported. Early identification and immediate medical intervention are of utmost importance in such cases.

Case Presentation:

The authors represented a patient with thyroid cancer adherent to the trachea, who underwent post-thyroidectomy, experienced delayed PNH in the retrosternal region and was infected by respiratory pathogens. Meanwhile, the patient developed recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis after surgery. PNH was not identified in the clinical manifestations; instead, it was detected only through successive cervical ultrasound examinations.

Clinical Discussion:

Although rare, PNH can lead to serious complications, especially delayed complications or those in atypical positions, without neck swelling. When simultaneously with RLN paralysis, the hematoma may be neglected. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should be vigilant of atypical PNH because neck swelling may be absent. Cervical ultrasonography is essential for diagnosis and can be performed multiple times. Cervical CT scans should be part of the routine procedure, while contrast-enhanced ultrasound can help detect active bleeding. Early postoperative antibiotics are recommended if the tumor is closely attached to the trachea.
A cross-sectional study measuring injury mortality and its associated factors among adult patients in comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Wondwossen , Tilahun Ambaye Dejen , Mershsa Lielt , Bekele Zenebe
Published: May 2024

Background:

Injury has become a life-threatening community health problem related to vital morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 90% of injury-related deaths occurred in low-income and middle-income countries. There are limited data that address the outcomes of injuries in adult trauma patients at the time of discharge to improve the outcome of trauma care in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the mortality following injury and its associated factors among adult patients in comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara’s national regional state.

Methods:

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 596 adult trauma patients admitted between 1 January 2018 and 30 December 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected from patient charts and registry books by using a data extraction tool. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6, and analysis was done using Stata version 16. The binary logistic regression model was fitted, and both bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were employed.

Result:

A total of 581 adult trauma patient charts with a recorded rate of 97.5% were included in the final analysis. The overall mortality outcome of injury at discharge was found to be 8.3% (95% CI: 6–10.5%). Age 26–40 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.35 (95% CI: 1.35–8.33)], revised trauma score 10 [AOR: 3.11, (95% CI: 1.39–6.99)], duration of time before arrival in hospital more than 24 h [AOR: 3.61 (95% CI: 1.18–11.02)], and surgical management in hospital [AOR: 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12–0.54)] were predictors of mortality in patients with injuries.

Conclusion:

In this study, the mortality outcome of injury is considerably high, and the middle age group, late presentation to the hospital, lower revised trauma score, and surgical management were significantly associated with the mortality outcome of injury on discharge from the hospital. Therefore, it is better if clinicians emphasize traumatically injured patients, especially for middle age groups, and lower revised trauma scores.
Association of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aon Mohamed , Aoun Ahmed H. , Alshami Ahmad , Alharbi Abdulrahman , Alshammari Fahed , Alnajjar Mohamad , Almutawtah Ahmad , Bin Naji Bader , Alsaeed Abdullateef , Abdelwahab Omar A.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most serious metabolic complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Insulin deficiency and inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis of DKA. The authors aimed to assess the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as a marker of severity among T1DM patients with DKA and without infection.

Methods:

The authors included T1DM patients older than or equal to 12 years hospitalized because of DKA. The authors excluded patients with infection or any condition that can change SII parameters or cause metabolic acidosis. The authors compared SII, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) between severe and non-severe DKA groups. The authors also assessed the need for an ICU, length of stay, and 90-day readmission rate between the groups.

Results:

The study included 241 patients with a median age of 17 (14, 24) years, and 44.8% were males. More patients with severe DKA (45%) required ICU admission (P<0.001). Median SII increased with DKA severity, and the difference was significant (P=0.033). No significant difference was observed as regards median NLR or PLR (P=0.380 and 0.852, respectively). SII, but not NLR or PLR, had a significant negative correlation with PH (r=−0.197, P=0.002) and HCO3 level (r=−0.144, P=0.026). Also, being in the highest SII quartile was an independent risk factor for DKA severity (OR, 2.522; 95% CI, 1.063–6.08; P=0.037). The authors estimated an SII cut-off value of 2524.24 to predict DKA severity with high specificity.

Conclusion:

Elevated SII is a risk factor for DKA severity in T1DM. It is better than NLR and PLR in prognosticating DKA patients. These findings highlight the role of inflammation in DKA. SII can help as a valuable and simple tool to assess DKA severity.
Adverse events associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in ophthalmology: a narrative review
Authors: Sarwar Sara , Riaz Unood , Ali Abraish , Kailash Sejal Jain
Published: May 2024

Chimeric antigen receptors are synthetically produced receptors engineered to engage with target cells with high specificity. These cells are created by inserting an artificial T-cell receptor into an immunoglobulin’s antigen-binding region, allowing the cells to combine and target specific antigens. The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been a remarkable achievement in the field of immunotherapy, particularly in the treatment of ophthalmic tumors like retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. However, there are some documented side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immunological effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Additionally, ocular side effects such as blurred vision, vision impairment, and intraocular infections are also concerning and require further evaluation. This review highlights the advances made in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy, including its structure and manufacture, as well as relevant clinical discoveries and associated adverse effects. By identifying the gaps in current research, this analysis provides insights into potential strategies and solutions for addressing some of the most severe side effects.
ARISCAT and LAS VEGAS risk scores for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Siddiqui Khalid M. , Farooqui Muhammad H. , Yousuf Muhammad S. , Ali Muhammad A.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) could lead to morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. Different risk-scoring systems are used to predict the identification of patients at risk of developing PPCs. The diagnostic accuracies of the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) and Local Assessment of Ventilatory Management During General Anaesthesia for Surgery (LAS VEGAS) risk scores are compared in prediction of PPCs taking pulmonary complication as the gold standard in cardiac surgery.

Materials and methods:

A prospective cohort study with consecutive sampling technique. A total of 181 patients were included. Quantitative data is presented as simple descriptive statistics giving mean and standard deviation, and qualitative variables are presented as frequency and percentages. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracies are also calculated.

Results:

Total 181 post-cardiac surgery patients were analyzed. The median [interquartile range] of age, height, weight, and BMI were 60.0 [52.0–67.0] years, 163.0 [156.0–168.0] cm, 71.0 [65.0–80.0] kg and 27.3 [24.2–30.4] kg/m2. 127 (70.2%) were male, and 54 (29.8%) were female. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of ARISCAT for the prediction of PPCs were (94.9%, 4.65%, 76.1%, 22.9% and 73.4%), whereas LAS VEGAS were (97.1%, 4.65%, 76.5%, 33.3% and 75.1%), respectively.

Conclusion:

Both the ARISCAT and LAS VEGAS risk scores are of limited value in cardiac surgery patients for the prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications, based on the predicted scores in this study.