bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Ethiopian Indigenous Chickens a Base for Sustainable Genetic Improvement: A Review
Authors: Kassa Birhan , Alemayehu Kefyalew , Taye Mengistie , Kebede Adebabay , Esatu Wondmeneh , Dessie Tadelle , Hanotte Olivier
Published: February 2025

The estimated chicken population of Ethiopia is about 57 million, of which 78.8% are indigenous characterized by low egg production, late maturing and long brooding behavior but celebrated for their hardiness, exceptional scavenging abilities and robust natural immunity against common diseases. The objective of this paper was to review the genetic diversity and improvement interventions of indigenous chicken populations. The review process was started by collecting research articles that were done on genetic diversity and chicken genetic improvement strategies by searching tools such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science with search terms genetic diversity, genetic characterization and chicken genetic improvement. Lastly, we organized ideas and the write-up was done. Indigenous chicken shows high genetic diversity within the population. The indigenous chickens have high number of alleles (6.25), an effective number of alleles (4.85), observed (55%) and expected (57%) heterozygosity and 90% within-population variation which is considerable variation as unselected African native chickens. Higher heterozygosity levels and considerable genetic variation warranted a further use of ecotypes in improvement through selective breeding. Genetic marker studies showed positive selection signatures of improved from unimproved local chickens. Selective breeding done on Horro chicken breed in Ethiopia saw a remarkable 107.7% and 176.4% improvement in body weight egg number. Uncontrolled dissemination and indiscriminate crossbreeding resulted in the erosion of adaptive local genetic resources. Therefore, improving and conserving indigenous chicken with selective breeding combined with molecular techniques and further studies on the genetic control of productivity traits are very crucial.
Descripción de la morfología de los otolitos lapillus, sagitta y asteriscus del caballito de mar Hippocampus ingens
Authors:   , Alarco Mur Analucia
Published: February 2025

Hippocampus ingens, conocido como el "caballito de mar del Pacífico", es una especie vulnerable debido a problemas ambientales que afectan sus hábitats y la captura incidental en aparejos de pesca, así como la sobreexplotación con fines de comercialización ilegal. Esta situación hace imperativo contar con un mayor conocimiento para desarrollar mejores herramientas para su adecuado manejo y conservación. Los otolitos de los peces pueden proporcionar información significativa sobre sus historias de vida. Por lo tanto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron desarrollar una metodología para la identificación y extracción de otolitos, describir la morfología básica y morfometría de cada tipo de otolito, y verificar la utilidad de uso de especímenes secos (confiscadas de la pesca ilegal en 2016) para generar nuevo conocimiento sobre esta especie. Se extrajo con éxito los tres pares de otolitos (lapillus, sagitta y asteriscus) previamente identificados en la cavidad craneal. Las formas de los tres tipos de otolitos variaron desde tetraédricas hasta ovales. El tamaño de los otolitos (longitud LO) no superó los 500 μm, y no se encontraron diferencias entre los otolitos derecho e izquierdo, aunque sí se encontraron diferencias entre los tres tipos. Se desarrollaron modelos de regresión con la longitud total del pez (LT mm) y los otolitos (LO μm), destacando las ecuaciones para los asteriscus del lado izquierdo: LO = 2.0371x LT + 58.067; R² = 0.4987, r = 0.70617 y LO = 1.9886x LT + 59.618; R² = 0.629, r = 0.79309 para los asteriscus del lado derecho...
Clinical Indicators for Evaluating Japanese Public Hospital Performance: Changes after the Epidemic Phase of Novel Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Moteki Yasutoshi
Published: February 2025

Aim
This study investigates the adoption and implementation of clinical indicators in Japanese public hospitals, focusing on changes since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and utilizing Donabedian's triadic model (structure, process, outcome).
Subject and Methods:
A nationwide postal survey was conducted targeting 848 municipal hospitals with ≥ 20 beds in Japan. The survey explored clinical indicator usage, categorized by Donabedian’s framework. Hospitals were classified based on size to evaluate disparities in indicator adoption. Data were analyzed to compare findings from the current 2024 survey with a similar 2016 survey.
Results
The response rate was 15.7%, with 130 valid responses. Clinical indicator adoption increased from 42.4% (2016) to 58.5% (2024). Large hospitals were more likely to implement clinical indicators (88.1%) than small and medium hospitals (27.0%). Frequently used indicators included average hospitalization duration, bed utilization rates, and clinical pathway coverage. Each structural indicator remained underutilized, with < 15% of hospitals reporting their use.
Conclusion
The findings highlight progress in clinical indicator adoption, particularly in large hospitals. However, significant disparities persist between hospital sizes. As the pandemic subsides, it remains essential to continue improving hospital management practices, including clinical indicator use, in preparation for future infectious disease outbreaks. The three-way model classification for medical evaluation is renowned, but the percentage use of structural indicators has not exceeded 15%, and the implementation status is not as advanced as that of process and outcome indicators. Our results are significant as they verify the explanatory power of the three-way model for medical care based on Japanese data.
Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of melanoma in Japanese patients reveal candidate biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor responders
Authors: Fukushima Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly improved the prognosis of advanced melanoma. However, the efficacy of ICIs in Japanese patients has been found to be lower than that in Caucasians. We aimed to elucidate the genomic and transcriptomic features associated with the response to ICIs in Japanese patients with melanoma.
Patients and methods
A total of 129 tumor samples from 78 patients with melanoma who received therapeutic regimens with or without ICI treatment were collected from 13 institutions in Japan. We performed exome and RNA sequencing and investigated the association between genomic and transcriptomic factors and the clinical efficacy of ICI therapy. Time-course data were also analyzed. This is the first and largest genomic cohort study in Japanese patients with melanoma in which tumor samples were prospectively analyzed.
Results
The number of somatic SNVs in Japanese patients with melanoma was lower than that in TCGA Caucasian data owing to the biased distribution of WHO subtypes. The driver subtypes BRAF, NRAS, and NF1 were less prevalent, but triple wildtype predominantly existed in the Japanese cohort. An exome-wide survey revealed no significant association of mutated genes with ICI response; however, transcriptomic analysis revealed inflammation-associated genes, including several chemokines and cytokines, that were highly expressed in responders. Follicular helper T cells, estimated by immune cell composition analysis, were significantly enriched in responders (p= 0.0422). Through time-course transcriptome analysis, in addition to several cytotoxic T-cell genes, MARCO on tumor-associated macrophages was found to be induced by ICI treatment in responders (p = 0.0040). Protein expression of these genes was confirmed by immunohistochemical and multiplex immunofluorescence analyses.
Conclusions
Prospective genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed candidate biomarkers for ICI treatment in Japanese patients with melanoma.
Chronic calculous cholecystitis in situs inverses totalis
Authors: R Anagha T , Hassan Noor ul
Published: February 2025

Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital abnormality characterised by a mirror-image transposition of both abdominal and thoracic organs. This anatomical disposition of organs not only influences the localisation of symptoms and signs arising from a diseased organ but also imposes special demands on the diagnostic and surgical skills of the surgeon. We present the case of a 28year old woman diagnosed in our hospital with chronic calculous cholecystitis in the presence of situs inversus totalis. After a thorough review of the literature on different positions of the operative team and port sites, the most appropriate and efficient method was chosen. Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed safely, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day two with no significant postoperative complications.
Identification of the hydrological model of a runoff-sourced falaj using empirical methods
Authors: Al-Ghafri Abdullah , Mohtashami Ali , Khaneiki Majid Labbaf , Al-Breiki Hiba , Al-Mahrooqi Ali Hamood
Published: February 2025

This study examines a historical ghaili falaj named Falaj Al-Sahamah, fed by the runoffs of the Halfeen valley in Izki, Ad-Dakhiliyah governorate. This falaj consists of a subterranean gently sloped tunnel dotted with a row of access wells, the first and deepest of which is sunk at the center of the valley. This research aims to suggest a hydrological model for Falaj Al-Sahamah. To this end, the most crucial step is to estimate the falaj's flowrate using the Manning equation. The dimensions of six undamaged spots along the canal were measured. Our analysis puts an estimate of 48 L/s on the falaj's discharge, pouring into the tank downstream, when the falaj was active. On the opposite side of the tank, two interconnected outlet points are visible, one of which lies at the top and the other at the bottom of the tank. Using Torricelli's law, it transpired that the flowrates of these points depend on the height of water inside the tank, fluctuating between a maximum of 67 and a minimum of 0 L/s. It means that the outflow is greater than the inflow, leaving no water in the tank unless the inflow is more than 67 L/s. This research is key to uncovering agricultural, historical, economic, and social aspects in future studies of the falaj system.
Some issues of qualification and evidence in cases of crimes related to the illegal production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances
Authors:   Penza State University, V. Bityutskiy Evgeniy , I. Svechnikov Nikolay ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The relevance of the problem under study is that the problems asso-ciated with the qualification and proof in cases of illegal drug production often arise due to different interpretations of the provisions of criminal law. It is important to note that for the correct qualification of such crimes, it is necessary to take into account the entire set of circumstances of each specific criminal event, as well as the presence of intent on the part of the person to commit them and other facts. The formation of an evidence base for such criminal cases can also present a number of issues. In this regard, it is important to ensure the legality from the moment of seizure of objects, substances and documents until the moment of resolving the issue of recognizing them as material evidence, as well as to en-sure the observance of the rights of all participants in criminal proceedings. Materials and methods. The methodological basis includes comparative legal, sociological and psycholog-ical research methods. Judicial practice on these crimes is not widely represented, but is very diverse, therefore, decisions of the courts of first, appellate and cassation instances were used as relevant examples. Results. During the study, the problems of qualification and proof for the category of crimes under consideration were comprehensively considered. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the need to carry out a full range of necessary investi-gative actions at the initial stage of a criminal case investigation. The results of operational-search activities should also be used as an important source of evidence, since through the operational-search activities carried out, it is possible to establish those circumstances that directly affect the qualification of the actions of the guilty person.
The issues of preserving national countryside
Authors:   Khakass Research Institute for Language, Literature, and History, L. Lushnikova Olga
Published: February 2025

Background. The issue of preserving a contemporary countryside isn’t new. This problem has been actively discussed among the scientific community for several decades. The main focus on economic issues related to labor and employment problems, unemploy-ment, standard and quality of life, etc. The preserving of the population depends on level of economic development. Therefore demographic issues are also being investigated: natural movement population, migration processes. However, the difficult socio-economic situation of rural areas also has deeper and irreversible processes – the loss of the cultural identity of rural society, which is especially important for national countryside. Different processes as decline of the population of such countryside, the loss of traditional way of life among local ethnic groups of region, the reduction of traditional area, the decrease of Khakass language, disappearance of original crafts, etc. This issue is the subject of study in cultural geography. The one analyses within the framework of the theory of cultural landscape. The focus of this article is the problem of preserving the national countryside (using the example of Khakassia). Materials and methods. The article is based on population census data, and the study also used the results of the author’s surveys in 2018 (n = 486), 2020 (n = 1050) and 2022 (n = 404). Results. The author analyzes the dynamics of the number of the titular eth-nic group of the republic, marital and reproductive behavior, the number of speakers of the Khakass language, and traditional economic activities. Conclusions. The numerical minori-ty of the titular ethnic group, the low activity of the marital and reproductive behavior of the Khakass people, an nationally mixed marriages, a decrease in the number of speakers of their native language, low interest in livestock as a traditional form of economic activity and other factors don’t allow us to make an optimistic forecast about the preserving of the Khakass countryside for the near future.
Conflicts in online games among Russian youth: causes and specifics
Authors:   Saratov State University, A. Nerush Anton
Published: February 2025

Background. To ensure the successful use of video games in educational and social projects, it is necessary to take into account the likelihood of conflicts between players during communicative interactions. Digitalization is penetrating various areas of society, including leisure, especially among young people. The question arises about the role of video games in patriotic education, historical education and the formation of values among young people. The state regulates the video game industry, developing the domestic market and controlling content. Regulation of video games is aimed at eliminating destructive content and creating games that reflect real historical images and Russian values. However, video games provide space for communicative interactions between players, which can cause conflicts beyond the control of developers or censors. The purpose of the work is to study the causes and specifics of conflicts that arise in online games among Russian youth, in order to expand the possibilities for the practical use of virtual games. Materials and methods. The study of the causes and specifics of conflicts in online games is based on the materials of the author’s sociological study «Communications, rules and conflicts in mod-ern online games», which included two focus group discussions conducted among users of online games aged 18 to 35 years in 2024 year. Results. The results of an analysis of mate-rials from focus group discussions of gamers in the youth segment of the Russian online game audience are presented. Based on the data from the study, the main causes of conflicts between players in online games, specific factors influencing their occurrence, and strategies for conflict behavior were clarified. Conclusions. It has been established that conflicts in online games arise due to communication problems, differences in skills and emotional reactions of players, and competition. They can also be caused by external factors, such as ethnic or political disagreements. Possible resolution strategies include: confrontation (attacks, creating conditions for defeat) or avoidance (blocking, exclusion from the group), and the involvement of external arbitration. Young players rarely resolve conflicts, except with friends.
Examining the Viability of Integrating Blockchain Technology into IoT Devices for the Supply Chain
Authors: Sharma Anubhav , Pandey Ashish , Singh Ramander , Garg Ankit
Published: February 2025

Decentralized solutions with many benefits over centralized systems are
something that blockchain and IoT can provide. IoT devices may guarantee the
accuracy and dependability of their data by utilizing the blockchain's fault tolerance,
security, and data transparency. However, there are difficulties when implementing
blockchain in IoT systems, particularly with consensus procedures. Due to their
confined computation, connectivity, and battery capacity, IoT devices with limited
resources may find it challenging to reach a consensus on the same ledger state.A recent paper suggests an empirical method for implementing blockchain in supply
chain scenarios to overcome these issues. The report also proposes a customized Raft
consensus algorithm for use with the Hyperledger permissioned blockchain. Each
transaction in this updated protocol is sent to a leader node before being relayed to
follower nodes in order to prevent a bottleneck from affecting the system's scalability
and throughput. The supply chain context is one where this strategy can be especially
useful.
Overall, the paper addresses some of the issues related to consensus protocols while
highlighting the potential advantages of combining blockchain and IoT in supply chain
contexts. By assuring data integrity and eliminating fraudulent actions, this technique
can make managing supply chain data more secure, transparent, and effective.
Crop Recommendation System
Authors: Jain Samyak , Saxena Ashutosh , Garg Aditya , Singh Manu
Published: February 2025

Agriculture serves as a prominent source of employment for Indian farmers.
A prevalent issue among Indian farmers is their inability to make informed decisions
regarding crop selection based on soil type. It has a profound impact on productivity.
Precision agriculture provides a solution to this issue. This strategy is characterized by
the utilization of a soil database that is based on farms, the provision of crops by
agricultural experts, and the satisfaction of specific requirements, such as soil quality,
through the use of a dataset obtained from a soil testing laboratory. The soil-testing lab
offers data derived from the system of recommendations. Subsequently, it will be
employed to collect data and construct a band model by employing a technique of
determining the outcome according to the preference of the majority. The researchers
utilize an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in conjunction with a Support Vector
Machine (SVM) to provide precise recommendations for crop selection based on sitespecific conditions and efficacy.
Blockchain Based Academic Certificate Authentication System
Authors: Pal Vipin Kumar , Kumar Pankaj , Vera Nitin , Manga Ritik , Kumar Rishabh , Gautama Ritesh
Published: February 2025

In recent years, blockchain technology has emerged as a reliable and secure
means of transmitting and storing data. One potential method for ensuring secure and
unalterable data is by implementing blockchain technology within the certificate
validation mechanism. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of
blockchain technology to establish a reliable, efficient, and fraud-resistant method for
validating certificates. The article covers many components of the system, including
the blockchain network, smart contracts, and cryptography techniques. The paper also
examines the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing such a
system.
An Augmentation in Energy Efficiency for GridCoupled PV System by IT3FLC Controller-Based MPPT
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Mishra Raj Gopal , Kumar Sumit , Kardam Omkar Singh
Published: February 2025

Photovoltaic arrays can achieve their maximum power point (MPP) under
any circumstances through the utilization of a technique called maximum power point
tracking (MPPT). Field-Programmable Logic Controllers (FLCs), such as IT1FLC,
IT2FLC, and IT3FLC, offer the most efficient means of monitoring Maximum
PowerPoint Tracking (MPPT). The research introduces a novel T3FL near method that
enhances tracking accuracy and speed by addressing the ambiguity caused by
instabilities. The suggested system consists of a photovoltaic module, a battery, a
resistive load, and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-controlled buck
converter. To ensure that the photovoltaic (PV) system performs at its maximum power
point (MPP), the buck converter is directly linked to the solar panel. This connection is
designed to align with the output pulse width of the recommended controller. The
IT3FLC algorithm maximizes the output of solar panels to reduce battery degradation
caused by fluctuating MPPT voltage and extend battery lifespan. The total power and
voltage of IT3FLC are equivalent to the present IT1FLC and IT2FLC of the battery and
load, respectively. The suggested various methodologies for assessing the MPPT
efficiency were implemented by conducting simulated research and practical tests on a
solar module and a buck converter. The techniques are implemented using MATLAB
Simulink. All three weather conditions - homogeneous light, rapid shift, and partial
shade - are accurately reproduced. The modeling and experiments confirm that the
IT3FLC ensures precise maximum power, strong stability, and reliable performance
despite uncertainties caused by disruptions to the inputs of the photovoltaic system.
Developing Effective Frameworks for Large Language Model–Based Medical Chatbots: Insights From Radiotherapy Education With ChatGPT
Authors: Chow James C L , Li Kay
Published: February 2025

This Viewpoint proposes a robust framework for developing a medical chatbot dedicated to radiotherapy education, emphasizing accuracy, reliability, privacy, ethics, and future innovations. By analyzing existing research, the framework evaluates chatbot performance and identifies challenges such as content accuracy, bias, and system integration. The findings highlight opportunities for advancements in natural language processing, personalized learning, and immersive technologies. When designed with a focus on ethical standards and reliability, large language model–based chatbots could significantly impact radiotherapy education and health care delivery, positioning them as valuable tools for future developments in medical education globally.
РАСПОЗНАВАНИЕ КАРДИОСИГНАЛОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ
Authors: Дворников С.В. , Дворников С.С. , Киришина И. , Лифанова О. , Тихоненкова О.
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрено применение нейронных сетей для распознавания кардиосигналов, получаемых из фонендоскопа. Приведена информация об основных этапах реализации процедур обучения нейронной сети и принятия решений при последующей классификации. Представлены результаты обработки кардиосигналов методами статистического анализа и машинного обучения.
Analysis In Economic Law On The Consumer Lifestyle Of The Young Generation Who Failed To Pay Paylater
Authors: Banjarnahor David , Banjarnahor Daulat Nathanael
Published: February 2025

Currently, the phenomenon of using Paylater services in Indonesia, especially among the younger generation, has become a major highlight in recent months, although it offers convenience, there are significant risks, especially the occurrence of "default", the impact of which can affect the stability of the economy, banking, and social society. The high number of defaults will disrupt economic stability, one of which is a decrease in purchasing power, in addition to the risk of inflation due to fines and interest on debt that are increasing and accumulating, creating a negative economic growth cycle. This banking sector situation is a serious challenge, with increasing non-performing loans so that they have bad credit status, it will thwart financial performance in business growth and investment, not to mention the additional operational costs to use the services of other parties in collection so that profitability decreases as well as public trust. Broadly speaking, if preventive measures are not taken, the younger generation who are caught in the default phase will experience financial decline, as a result they will experience emotional and mental stress so that negative social stigma will stick and ultimately will affect the creation of widespread and prolonged social injustice due to uncontrolled consumer behavior.
Lumbar Vertebra Radiography With Suspected Lumbar Fracture Two at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan City
Authors: Aritonang Fitler , Sihombing Ismadi , Sipahutar Dame Meldaria
Published: February 2025

The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae. Lumbar fractures are fractures that occur in the lower spine area which can be caused by traffic accidents. Fractures of the spine are a trauma that often occurs throughout the world. At least 75% -90% of spinal fractures occur in the thoracic and lumbar regions (thoracalumbar junction). This study aims to determine the examination procedures, radiographic results, and conditions for photographing the Lumbar Vertebrae in Antero Posterior (AP) and Lateral projections with suspected Double Lumbar Vertebra Fracture. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach in the form of a case study. Data collection using observation and documentation methods. The research results showed that there was a fracture of the second lumbar vertebral body which formed kyposis (an abnormality in the spine such as bending), and there was bleeding (suspected hemorrhage) in the spinal cord (spinal cord) of the second lumbar vertebrae using Antero Posterior (AP) and Lateral projections. with Digital Radiographic (DR) film processing at the radiology installation at the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) dr. Pirngadi, Medan City. It is best to use a collimation field area that matches the area of the object. The results of this study can be used as a reference and reference in future research related to examining the lumbar spine with various projections
Legal Analysis Of Corruption And Social Change
Authors: Yudi Permai , Berlian Berlian
Published: February 2025

Corruption is a critical issue that hampers development in many countries, including Indonesia. Its effects are not confined to economic losses but extend to societal, political, and legal structures. Corruption undermines democratic processes by allowing individuals or groups with money and power to influence elections, policy-making, and the judiciary, often at the expense of public interest. This distorts representation and diminishes public confidence in democratic systems. In societies where corruption becomes normalized, it can lead to a cultural acceptance of unethical behavior, diminishing the importance of honesty, fairness, and accountability. This can have long-term negative effects on the moral fabric of society, especially for younger generations. This article examines the relationship between anti-corruption laws and social change, focusing on how legal frameworks can be utilized as instruments for reducing corruption. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this analysis explores how Indonesia’s anti-corruption laws and their enforcement impact the broader social dynamics. The conclusion drawn is that while legal measures are essential, significant social transformation is still required to combat corruption effectively.
Smart Water Flow Monitoring and Forecasting System using IoT and Machine Learning
Authors: Kshatri Devarsh
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart water flow measurement and forecasting system for
homes and offices. The system utilises a NodeMCU microcontroller, a water flow sensor, a 16x2 I2C LCD, and an 8-bit NeoPixel
LED, all housed within a 3D-printed enclosure. Real-time water flow data is collected by the sensor and displayed on both the
LCD and a user-friendly dashboard created using the Arduino IoT Cloud platform. The NeoPixel LED provides a visual
indication of daily water consumption, changing colour based on usage levels. An integrated buzzer activates when consumption
exceeds 200 litres, accompanied by a red NeoPixel alert. Data is also seamlessly logged to a Google Spreadsheet for further
analysis. Furthermore, the system employs machine learning algorithms, including random forest and linear regression, to
forecast future water usage patterns. The device is powered by a rechargeable 3.3V LiPO battery with fast charging capabilities,
ensuring continuous operation. This integrated approach provides users with real-time insights into their water consumption,
promotes water conservation, and enables proactive management of water resources.
How does brand image moderate the factors influencing purchase intention?
Authors: Ginting Maretta , Togar Mulias Sirait Ronnie , Suryani Wan
Published: February 2025

This study examines the moderating role of brand image in the relationship between influencers, loyalty, price, and influencer marketing on purchasing decisions. Using a survey of 103 online shoppers and the robust least squares model, the findings indicate that brand image, price, and consumer reviews generally have a positive impact on purchasing decisions, while influencer marketing and loyalty are not significant factors. Furthermore, brand image negatively moderates the effects of price and consumer reviews. This suggests that although lower prices encourage purchases, a strong brand image can reduce consumers' price sensitivity. Similarly, consumers may rely more on brand image than on consumer reviews when forming purchase intentions. These findings highlight the critical role of brand image in purchasing decisions, as it can make products less sensitive to both price and negative consumer reviews.
Analysis of Ego-Resilience Differences Based on Playfulness Clusters in Preschool Children According to Gender
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Yoon-ji , Seo Min-ju
Published: February 2025

Objectives This study aims to cluster playfulness in preschool children based on their gender and investigate whether there are differences in self-resilience among these playfulness clusters.
Methods To achieve this, a random sample of 881 five-year-old children enrolled in early childhood education institutions nationwide was selected as the research subjects. SPSS 25.0 software was employed for reliability analysis, K-means cluster analysis, and one-way analysis of variance.
Results The results revealed three distinct clusters of playfulness in preschool children: an actively lively group with high playfulness, a moderately serious participation group, and a passive observant group with overall low playfulness. Significant gender distribution differences and significant differences in all sub-variables of playfulness were observed among the three playfulness clusters. Furthermore, the three playfulness clusters showed meaningful differences in peer relationships, confidence, family relationships, impulse control, and optimism concerning self-resilience.
Conclusions Understanding the characteristics of playfulness groups based on preschool children's gender provides insights for educators to comprehend and guide the development of self-resilience in early childhood education settings.
The Perception of Teachers on the Improvement Direction of University Admission Procedures in Regional Universities: Focusing on the Case of Local C University
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Ko Eunae , Kim Youngji , Song Kyoung-oh , Oh Jaejoon Song
Published: February 2025

Objectives This study seeks to derive policy implications through an in-depth analysis of field teachers' perceptions, with the aim of designing a college admission system for regional universities that effectively incorporates the unique characteristics and environmental factors of Region G.
Methods For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 334 teachers in the Honam region, focusing on C University located in G Metropolitan City. Based on the survey results, descriptive statistics and variance analysis were conducted to identify the differences in teachers' perceptions of the socio-environmental factors and government policies that should be considered when designing the admission procedure for regional universities. To capture individual detailed opinions and intrinsic motivations, which are difficult to identify through statistics, open-ended responses were collected and analyzed using MAXQDA24 to extract key themes.
Results Teachers emphasized that, when improving the admission procedure of C University, the most critical factors to consider were designing an admission procedure aimed at attracting local talents in response to regional imbalances and ensuring the transparency of the holistic admission process. Moreover, the teachers recognized the need for expanding the holistic admission process across all academic fields as the most significant improvement direction for C University. The text analysis identified five major categories: admission methods, admission elements, medical school departments, linkage with high school education, and university and department specialization, which varied according to teachers' background variables such as school location, size, type, and scale.
Conclusions C University should strengthen its admission procedures aimed at attracting local talents to prevent them from migrating to the Seoul metropolitan area and to encourage them to continue their studies within the region.
The relationship between high school students’ mental health and daily activities
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Jung Eun
Published: February 2025

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between daily activities and mental health among high school students, with the aim of elucidating the impact of daily activities on their mental well-being.
Methods This study utilized the 7th-year student data from the 2013 Korean Education Longitudinal Study (KELS) and focused on 6,207 second-year high school students across the nation in 2019. The analysis centered on the current status and relationships between mental health and various daily activities, including perceptions of volunteer activities, cultural activities, club activities, exercise time, and smartphone addiction. Additionally, hierarchical regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of these daily activities on mental health.
Results The mental health of high school students was significantly lower in females compared to males, and students in metropolitan areas had significantly better mental health than those in Seoul metropolitan city, small and medium-sized cities, and rural areas. The mental health of high school students showed a significant positive correlation with perceptions of volunteer activities, cultural activities, club activities, and exercise time, while it was significantly negatively correlated with smartphone addiction. The daily activities that significantly influenced mental health were identified as perceptions of volunteer activities, cultural activities, exercise time, and smartphone addiction.
Conclusions To promote the mental health of high school students, it is necessary to develop and support programs related to volunteer activities, cultural activities, and exercise, as well as to implement intervention strategies aimed at reducing smartphone use and addiction.
The effects of mind maps on self-directed learning ability and motivated strategies for learning
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Son Min-Seo , Jeon Jung Hee
Published: February 2025

Objectives This study examined the effect of the learning strategy utilizing mind maps on self-directed learning ability and learning strategies.
Methods The study participants were 118 third-year nursing students, and mind map learning was applied for 7 weeks from April 8 to June 14, 2024. To measure the intervention effects, pre-and post-tests were conducted using self-directed learning ability and learning strategies tools, and the collected data were analyzed using paired t-test with SPSS 26.0 program.
Results The participants showed a significant increase in ‘self-directed learning ability’(t=2.72, p=.008),and ‘learning strategies’(t=5.22, p<.001). Statistically significant improvements were found in ‘learning process management’(t=3.10, p=.002), ‘self-concept’(t=2.77, p=.007) among the sub-domains of self-directed learning ability. Among the sub-domains of motivated strategies for learning, there was a statistically significant improvement in ‘cognitive strategies’(t=3.65, p<.001), and ‘metacognitive strategies’(t=2.99, p=.003).
Conclusions The learning strategy utilizing mind maps had a significant effect on ‘self-directed learning ability’ and ‘learning strategies’. Therefore, it is expected that educational programs using mind maps will be expanded and operated to enhance the learning capabilities of nursing students.
Understanding and Designing Concept Learning through Expansive Learning Theory
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Yangjoo
Published: February 2025

Objectives This study aims to integrate Vygotsky's theory of concept acquisition with Engeström's expansive learning theory to propose effective strategies for designing concept learning processes in educational contexts.
Methods Using a literature analysis method, this study explored Vygotsky's concepts of double stimulation, the zone of proximal development (ZPD), and internalization. Additionally, Engeström's expansive learning cycle was applied to individual learning activities to deeply analyze the process through which learners experience and resolve cognitive conflicts and contradictions.
Results The study confirmed that expansive learning theory can be effectively applied to the concept learning process. Learners experienced cognitive development as they recognized contradictions between prior knowledge and new information and resolved them. Through this process, step-by-step learning strategies were derived, including problem identification, contradiction analysis, new concept design and experimentation, concept internalization, and knowledge integration.
Conclusions The integration of expansive learning theory and concept learning theory effectively promotes cognitive development through learners' self-directed learning and social interactions. This study provides a new perspective on instructional design and proposes the feasibility of implementing learner-centered education.
Changes in faculty trust, class engagement, and learning motivation in team-based project learning
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Oh Suna , Lyu Jeonghee
Published: February 2025

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of team-based project learning on students' trust in faculty, class participation, and motivation to learn. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed in an integrated manner to examine the effects of team-based project teaching on learners.
Methods The participants were 26 undergraduate students enrolled in a liberal arts program who participated in a 15-week team-based project learning course. The lessons consisted of a review of the previous lecture, individual activities, paired learning and teamwork, plenary sharing, instructor mini-lectures, and reflection journals. We administered the Faculty Trust Scale, Class Participation Scale, and Learning Motivation Scale at the beginning and end of the semester. A paired sample t-test was conducted to examine pre- and post-test changes, and the students' reflective journals were analyzed for network centrality between keywords using UCINET 6 to present semantic connectivity networks.
Results First, students' evaluations of their professors' closeness, expertise, teaching ability, and leadership improved significantly after team-based project learning. In the reflective journals, the main keywords related to professor were ‘thought’, ‘name’, ‘different’, ‘call’, ‘difference’, ‘participation’, ‘time’, ‘activity’, ‘communication’, ‘opinion’. ‘Thought’, ‘difference’, ‘different’, ‘time’, ‘share’, and ‘opinion’ showed a high degree centralty. ‘Thought’, ‘difference’, ‘different’, ‘speaking’, ‘subject’, ‘name’ and ‘call’ were highly closeness centrality, and ‘thought’, ‘difference’, ‘speaking’, ‘name’, and ‘call’ were highly betweenness. Second, after the team-based project learning, the sub-factors of class participation showed statistically significant improvements in expressing, extending, and enthusiasm for the class, and the sub-factors of learning motivation showed statistically significant improvements in attention, confidence, and satisfaction. In the team project learning process, the order of appearance frequency of major keywords was ‘idea’, ‘people’, ‘different’, ‘opinion’, ‘story’, ‘good’, ‘lack’, ‘activity’, ‘difference’, ‘evaluation’, ‘help’, and ‘growth’. The top keywords with high connectivity links were ‘think’, ‘people’, ‘activity’, ‘opinion’, ‘self’, ‘time’, ‘different’, ‘lack’, ‘complement’, ‘help’, ‘write’, and ‘listen’. The top keywords with high degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality were ‘activity’, ‘idea’, ‘person’, ‘different’, and ‘opinion’.
Conclusions This study examined the usefulness of team-based project instruction in liberal arts courses and specifically examined the conditions under which it affects students. Implications and recommendations for the implementation of team-based project classes are then discussed.
The Relationship Between Economic Constraints, Work Volition, and Occupational Engagement Among Undergraduate Students: The Moderating Effect of Perceived External Employability
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Heo Cheongra , Lee Ki-Hak
Published: February 2025

Objectives This study aimed to examine the relationship between economic constraints and occupational engagement through work volition among undergraduate students. It also investigated whether the perception of external employment opportunities moderates this indirect relationship.
Methods An online survey was conducted with 280 undergraduate students enrolled in a university in Seoul. The survey measured economic constraints, perceived external employability, work volition, and occupational engagement using established scales. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation effects were examined through the PROCESS macro.
Results The results revealed that economic constraints had a negative impact on occupational engagement through reduced work volition. More importantly, this indirect relationship was significantly moderated by the perception of external employability. Specifically, when perceived external employability was low, economic constraints reduced occupational engagement through decreased work volition. However, this relationship was no longer significant when perceived external employability was high.
Conclusions Overall, this study highlights the importance of perceived external labor market opportunities and work volition in shaping occupational engagement among economically constrained undergraduates. When perceptions of employability in the external labor market are low, work volition may decrease among economically constrained students, which can, in turn, weaken their occupational engagement.
A Study on the relationship between modal endings and modal multiword expressions in Korean: From the perspective of the modality metaphor of systemic functional linguistics
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Cha Myunghee , Han Jeong Han
Published: February 2025

Objectives The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between endings(or adverbs) and multiword expressions that realize modality in Korean by using grammatical metaphors(modality metaphors) from systemic functional linguistics.
Methods To achieve this goal, we selected 46 multiword expressions that realize the discourse meaning of the four modality types(probability, usuality, inclination, obligation) according to SFL's definition of modality, and examined whether they are metaphorical expressions of modality or congruent expressions of modality according to the criteria for examining modality metaphors.
Results As a result, it was confirmed that modal multiword expressions are classified into metaphorical expressions of modality (Type I) and congruent expressions of modality (Type II). And it was also found that the metaphorical expression showed the feedback effect mentioned by Ravelli (1988, 1999) that the meaning of the modality was more detailed. First, the metaphorical expression of modality (Type I) included multiword expression of probability modality (23), multiword expression of usuality modality (3), and multiword expression of inclination modality (12). They showed a reflective effect in which a specific meaning was added to the shared meaning discourse with congruent expression, or the shared meaning discourse with congruent expression was adjusted, and a specific meaning was added. Second, the congruent expression of modality (Type II) included multiword expressions of obligatory modality (8). This is because there is no congruent expression that shares the meaning of the discourse.
Conclusions The results of the above study show that words in the Korean language can be formed not only by morphological word formation, but also by grammatical metaphors. By using grammatical metaphors, it is expected that multiword expressions that realize other grammatical functions other than modality can be explained within the scope of ideational, interpersonal, and textual metaphors.