bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverting women from custody
Authors: Hedderman Carol , Gunby Clare
Published: December 2013

There is an unusual degree of consensus around the idea that the trend towards using custody more frequently for women should be reversed. Both the current and previous governments in England and Wales have invested in the development of community-based one-stop shop centres for women with this in mind. Interviews with a small sample of judges and magistrates, after the Together Women project had been running in their areas for three years, suggest that the increased provision of community support for women has been welcomed. However, other changes may be needed before one-stop shops are seen as a replacement for prison rather than just as a useful supplement to community orders. These interviews also suggest that sentencers see the probation service as having a key role to play in bringing about such a transformation.
The minimum constraint removal problem with three robotics applications
Authors: Hauser Kris
Published: December 2013

This paper formulates a new minimum constraint removal (MCR) motion planning problem in which the objective is to remove the fewest geometric constraints necessary to connect a start and goal state with a free path. It describes a probabilistic roadmap motion planner for MCR in continuous configuration spaces that operates by constructing increasingly refined roadmaps, and efficiently solves discrete MCR problems on these networks. A number of new theoretical results are given for discrete MCR, including a proof that it is NP-hard by reduction from SET-COVER. Two search algorithms are described that perform well in practice. The motion planner is proven to produce the optimal MCR with probability approaching 1 as more time is spent, and its convergence rate is improved with various efficient sampling strategies. It is demonstrated on three example applications: generating human-interpretable excuses for failure, motion planning under uncertainty, and rearranging movable obstacles.
Phosphodiesterases 3 and 5 express activity in the trigeminal ganglion and co-localize with calcitonin gene-related peptide
Authors: Nordgaard Julie C , Kruse Lars S , Møller Morten , Kruuse Christina
Published: December 2013

Background

Understanding of the neuropathology leading to migraine pain has centered on either a vascular or neuronal origin. Sildenafil, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), induces migraine-like headache in a human headache model without concomitant artery dilation. The presence and activity of PDE3 and PDE5 is known in cerebral arteries. However, the presence in the neuronal part of the trigeminovascular pathway, i.e. the trigeminal ganglion and the possible co-localization with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is not known.

Methods

Rat trigeminal ganglia were isolated and immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization was applied. Evaluations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis were performed using scintillation proximity assays.

Results

PDE3 and PDE5 were present and active in the trigeminal ganglia. A subset of PDE3- and PDE5-positive neurons contained CGRP. In contrast to cGMP, both sildenafil and cilostazol influenced cAMP hydrolysis.

Interpretation

Sildenafil may exert its effect on the neuronal part of the migraine pain pathway. In addition to the effects on cGMP signaling, sildenafil may indirectly affect cAMP signaling in the trigeminal ganglion. This result may suggest a common cAMP-related pathway for sildenafil, cilostazol, and CGRP in eliciting migraine pain.
The teachers’ role in fostering independent learning in high schools in Zanzibar
Authors: Omar Abbas Mohamed
Published: December 2013

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of teachers in fostering students’ independent learning through school library use by looking at the availability of school library materials; the patterns of school library use by students and teachers; cooperation between teachers and library staff and the different ways used by high school teachers in fostering high school students to become independent learners. The study was conducted in Zanzibar and it involved three public and two private high schools. By using survey method, a total of 95 respondents were given questionnaires. Interviews were conducted with 35 respondents including students, teachers, library staff, heads of schools and the Director of the Public Library. Observation method was used in all the schools. The main finding of this study which is based on the author’s MA dissertation revealed that school libraries were confronted with limited library stock which contains outdated and few current materials, lack of library education and limited library use habits among students and teachers, inefficient and untrained school library staff, lack of integration of information, curricula and classroom learning and lack of cooperation between teaching and library staff. A number of recommendations were made based on the findings.
Connecting Aga Khan University’s nine campus libraries across three continents through a shared library system
Authors: Sharif Ashraf , Demers Normand
Published: December 2013

The Aga Khan University (AKU) is the only university in the developing world that is serving through its eleven campuses spread across eight countries and three continents. It has a network of nine libraries, although small in size, in four developing countries in two regions (South Asia and East Africa). The university has recently implemented a library management system to integrate all nine libraries in four countries using a single shared database. The purpose of this paper is to share our experience of implementing an industry standard-base state-of-the-art library system. The geographical location of AKU libraries and multilingual collections makes this experience more significant. Keeping in view the complexity of geographical locations, multilingual collections, different time zones, and diversity of staff involved, one can consider it a unique occurrence in the field of library and information science.
The politics of purity
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie
Published: December 2013

In Purity and Danger, Douglas theorizes purity and impurity in terms of the instantiation and disruption of a shared symbolic order. Purity/impurity discourses act, according to Purity and Danger, as a homeostatic system which ensures the preservation of this social whole, generally encoding that which threatens social equilibrium as impurity. There have been calls for new social theory on this ‘under-theorized’ topic. Presenting such further reflections, I argue that Douglas’ account is less a full explanation than a regularity. Representations of purity are only secondarily symbols of the social order. Rather, purity/impurity discourses are only associated with ‘matter out of place’ when phenomena are assessed for their relative deviation from an imputed state of ‘self-identity’: qualitative homogeneity and correspondence with their essence. Purity and impurity do more than judge self-identity, however. They can play a fundamental role in its performative construction; they are well adapted for smuggling assumptions into our discourses regarding the essence of particular phenomena and forms of subjectivity, simplifying a complex world into a stark contrast between the dangerous and the innocent, the valuable and the valueless, the necessary and the contingent, the originary and the prosthetic, the real and the apparent, and the unitary and the fragmented.
Victims’ Barriers to Discussing Domestic Violence in Clinical Consultations
Authors: Othman Sajaratulnisah , Goddard Chris , Piterman Leon
Published: December 2013

Victims of domestic violence frequently attend health care facilities. In many cases, their abusive experience is neither disclosed nor discussed during clinical consultations. This study examined the barriers faced by women when discussing abuse with health care providers, specifically in cases involving Malaysian women with a history of domestic violence. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted with 10 women with a history of domestic violence residing at a shelter. Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation. Using the grounded theory approach of analysis, themes that emerged from these interviews were then further analyzed to examine the barriers faced by these women. Women who experienced domestic violence faced multiple barriers while discussing their accounts of abuse with others. Values placed on the privacy of domestic violence; upholding the traditional gender roles; preserving the family unity; minimizing the abuse, the feeling of shame, self-blame; and fearing their abuser generally create internal barriers when discussing their encounters of abuse with health care providers. The perceived unknown role of health care professionals when dealing with patients experiencing domestic violence as well as the previous negative experiences in clinical consultations acted as external barriers for discussing abuse with health care providers. Women with domestic violence experiences faced internal and external barriers to discussing their abuse during clinical consultations. Physicians and health care providers must consider domestic violence in consultations with female patients. A good doctor–patient relationship that encompasses empathy, confidence, trust, support, assurance, confidentiality, and guidance can help patients with abusive backgrounds overcome these barriers, leading to the disclosure and discussion of their abusive encounters. Proper education, guidelines, and support for health care providers are required to help them assist women with histories of domestic violence.
Global imperatives, local contingencies: An analysis of divergent priorities and dominant perspectives in stove development from the 1970s to date
Authors: Sesan Temilade
Published: December 2013

This article traces the trajectory of cookstove development in the south beginning in the 1970s. Three distinct but overlapping phases of stove development are identified which were initiated in response to various risks identified by ‘outsider’ northern and multilateral actors to poor households in the south cooking with solid biomass fuels. The article critically examines the objectives and underlying assumptions of each phase and concludes that, despite the rhetorical shift from an expert-led to a context-responsive approach from the 1980s onwards, the priorities and policies of outsider organizations continue to dominate the stove development agenda in the current market-based phase.
Women’s empowerment and micro-entrepreneurship in India: Constructing a new development paradigm?
Authors: Torri Maria Costanza , Martinez Andrea
Published: December 2013

While the contribution of women to the economies of developing countries is critical, women rarely find employment in the regulated unionized sectors of these countries, and are found instead in overwhelming numbers in the sector that is variously termed ‘unorganized’, ‘unprotected’, ‘unregistered’ or ‘informal’. Although producers’ groups and collectives have been considered a way forward in promoting gender empowerment in the informal sector, the process to organize and develop these grass-root initiatives are challenging in a variety of ways, some of the impediments arising from women’s lack of bargaining power with outsiders and lack of internal inclusiveness of its own members. The purpose of this article is to advance discussion on women’s narratives of empowerment by exploring the case of Gram Mooligai Company Limited (GMCL). GMCL is the first female community enterprise in India active in the herbal sector, entirely formed and managed by untouchables. The findings show that GMCL enhances women’s productive capabilities, leadership skills and to some extent social learning abilities, but falls short to confronting marginalization resulting from issues of caste embedded in established patriarchal norms and practices. This case study points to the significance to adopt a more holistic approach, which conceives empowerment as a dynamic, socio-culturally constructed process.
Measuring the effect of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia’s microcredit programme on economic vulnerability among hardcore poor households
Authors: Al-Mamun Abdullah , Mazumder Mohammad Nurul Huda , Malarvizhi C.A.
Published: December 2013

This study attempted to assess the impact of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia’s (AIM) microcredit programme on the level of economic vulnerability among hard core poor household clients in Peninsular Malaysia. To attain the objective, this research utilized economic vulnerability index. This study employed a cross-sectional design and stratified random sampling methods. Findings showed that participation in AIM’s microcredit programme decreases the level of economic vulnerability. The study suggests that AIM should, therefore, emphasize on designing flexible and diversified financial products and delivery methods together with skill development training to improve the socio-economic condition of the hard core poor households in Malaysia.
Piercing Brightness as an Exploration of the An-archic Imaginary (in conversation with Mark Bartlett)
Authors: Dawood Shezad
Published: December 2013

Over the summer of 2011, Shezad Dawood went into production on his first feature film: Piercing Brightness, in Preston, Lancashire, in the North-West of England, after two years of research in the city, and in wider networks and archives suggested by this initial research. Interested in any case in the interplay between existing and self-created archives, for the artist the project became a way to explore the hybrid and allegorical potential of overlapping different film and video formats and different sets of meanings. As an additional layer, and based on Dawood’s interest in how artist’s film was and might be read between cinema and gallery, Dawood also made two additional ‘cuts’ of Piercing Brightness: Trailer, a 15-minute version for gallery installation (that plays with the semantics of cinema, yet altering and transferring them to the gallery), and a special 40-minute version, only to be performed with a live score by Acid Mothers Temple, or Alexander Tucker’s Decompressed Orchestra (playing with Dawood’s interest in both expanded cinema and improvised music).

These approaches are further interrogated and discussed in the following dialogue between Dawood, and academic and art/film historian Mark Bartlett, who became a regular interlocutor of Dawood’s in the lead-up to and over the course of the production. Their ongoing conversation looks at the concept of an an-archive, in relation to Foucault’s citation of Borges: ‘alter-taxonomy’ in relation to the overarching schemata of Piercing Brightness, presented here as a series of image grids.
Sleep EEG Composition in the First Three Months of Life in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Vucinovic Mirjana , Kardum Goran , Bonkovic Mirjana , Resic Biserka , Ursic Anita , Vukovic Jonatan
Published: December 2013

We investigated genetic influence on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) composition by a classical twin study of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in the first 3 months of life. Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were obtained in 10 MZ and 20 DZ twin pairs in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week of postmenstrual age (PMA). The EEG power spectra were generated on the basis of fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Genetic influence on active sleep/rapid eye movement (AS/REM)] and quiet sleep/ non rapid eye movement (QS/NREM) sleep composition was estimated by calculating within pair concordance and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for delta (0.5-3.5 Hz), theta (4-7.5 Hz), alpha (8-11.5 Hz), sigma (12-14 Hz), and beta (14.5-20 Hz) at central derivation. MZ twins show higher ICCs than DZ twins for alpha, sigma, and beta spectral powers during QS/NREM sleep in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week PMA. However, there was no significant difference ( P > .05) between the 2 types of twins in absolute differences of EEG spectral power of the alpha, beta, and sigma frequency ranges in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week PMA. The greatest mean absolute difference within MZ and DZ twin pairs and also between MZ and DZ twin groups was identified in the delta frequency range. Our findings gave an indication of genetic influence on alpha, sigma, and beta frequency ranges in the QS/NREM sleep stage.
Comparison of anti-endotoxin activity of apoE and apoA mimetic derivatives of a model amphipathic peptide 18A
Authors: Sharifov Oleg F , Nayyar Gaurav , Ternovoy Vladimir V , Palgunachari Mayakonda N , Garber David W , Anantharamaiah GM , Gupta Himanshu
Published: December 2013

Endotoxemia is a major cause of chronic inflammation, and is an important pathogenic factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apoA-I are protein components of high-density lipoprotein, which have strong anti-endotoxin activity. Here, we compared anti-endotoxin activity of Ac-hE18A-NH2 and 4F peptides, modified from model amphipathic helical 18A peptide, to mimic, respectively, apoE and apoA-I properties. Ac-hE18A-NH2, stronger than 4F, inhibited endotoxin activity and disaggregated Escherichia coli 055:B5 (wild smooth serotype). Ac-hE18A-NH2 and 4F inhibited endotoxin activity of E. coli 026:B6 (rough-like serotype) to a similar degree. This suggests that Ac-hE18A-NH2 as a dual-domain molecule might interact with both the lipid A and headgroup of smooth LPS, whereas 4F binds lipid A. In C57BL/6 mice, Ac-hE18A-NH2 was superior to 4F in inhibiting the inflammatory responses mediated by E. coli 055:B5, but not E. coli 026:B6. However, in THP-1 cells, isolated human primary leukocytes, and whole human blood, Ac-hE18A-NH2 reduced responses more strongly than 4F to both E. coli serotypes either when peptides were pre-incubated or co-incubated with LPS, indicating that Ac-hE18A-NH2 also has strong anti-inflammatory effects independent of endotoxin-neutralizing properties. In conclusion, Ac-hE18A-NH2 is more effective than 4F in inhibiting LPS-mediated inflammation, which opens prospective clinical applications for Ac-hE18A-NH2.
Big data and the fabric of human geography
Authors: González-Bailón Sandra
Published: December 2013

Digital data tracking what we do, the time and place of our actions, and the chains of interdependence that link those actions together, help us draw a richer picture of human geography as it unfolds in its multiple layers. This commentary briefly illustrates the type of maps and models we can build with that data as well as some important challenges that arise from their complexity and unsolved validity concerns.
Galectin-3: its role in asthma and potential as an anti-inflammatory target
Authors: Gao Peng , Simpson Jodie L , Zhang Jie , Gibson Peter G
Published: December 2013

Galectins constitute an evolutionary conserved family that bind to β-galactosides. Increasing evidence shows that galectins are involved in many fundamental biological processes such as cellular communication, inflammation, differentiation and apoptosis. Changes in galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression are commonly seen in cancer and pre-cancerous conditions, and Gal-3 may be involved in the regulation of diverse cancer cell activities that contribute to tumourigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In addition, Gal-3 is a pro-inflammatory regulator in rheumatoid arthritis. Gal-3 has been shown to be involved in many aspects in allergic inflammation, such as eosinophil recruitment, airway remodeling, development of a Th2 phenotype as well as increased expression of inflammatory mediators. In anin vivomodel it was shown that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from ovalbumin-challenged mice contained significantly higher levels of Gal-3 compared to control mice. The molecular mechanisms of Gal-3 in human asthma have not been fully elucidated. This review will focus on what is known about the Gal-3 and its role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma to evaluate the potential of Gal-3 as a biomarker and therapeutic target of asthma.
Combination therapy of infliximab and thalidomide for refractory entero-Behcet's disease: a case report
Authors: Li Yue , Han Zelong , Wang Xianfei , Mo Zhihui , Zhang Wei , Li Aimin , Liu Side
Published: December 2013

Background

Behcet's disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease with the histopathological features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis that affects nearly all organs and systems. When it involves the intestine, it is called entero-Behcet's disease (entero-BD).

Case presentation

Here we described a 23-year-old man with entero-BD refractory to conventional therapies who responded well to the combination therapy of infliximab, an anti-tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-alpha antibody, and thalidomide. After combination treatment, the patient’s symptoms improved greatly and his Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score decreased from 344 to 52 points, accompanied by a body weight increase from 53 kg to 64 kg. A follow-up endoscopy performed 10 weeks after the treatment showed significant improvement and the patient's multiple ulcers had healed well.

Conclusion

The combination therapy of infliximab and thalidomide appears to be clinically effective in a patient with refractory entero-BD. However, further studies need to be performed to evaluate the efficacy of this combination therapy.
Enhanced membrane protein expression by engineering increased intracellular membrane production
Authors: Guerfal Mouna , Claes Katrien , Knittelfelder Oskar , De Rycke Riet , Kohlwein Sepp D , Callewaert Nico
Published: December 2013

Background

Membrane protein research is frequently hampered by the low natural abundance of these proteins in cells and typically relies on recombinant gene expression. Different expression systems, like mammalian cells, insect cells, bacteria and yeast are being used, but very few research efforts have been directed towards specific host cell customization for enhanced expression of membrane proteins. Here we show that by increasing the intracellular membrane production by interfering with a key enzymatic step of lipid synthesis, enhanced expression of membrane proteins in yeast is achieved.

Results

We engineered the oleotrophic yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, by deleting the phosphatidic acid phosphatase, PAH1, which led to massive proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. For all eight tested representatives of different integral membrane protein families, we obtained enhanced protein accumulation levels and in some cases enhanced proteolytic integrity in the ∆pah1 strain. We analysed the adenosine A2AR G-protein coupled receptor case in more detail and found that concomitant induction of the unfolded protein response in the ∆pah1 strain enhanced the specific ligand binding activity of the receptor. These data indicate an improved quality control mechanism for membrane proteins accumulating in yeast cells with proliferated ER.

Conclusions

We conclude that redirecting the metabolic flux of fatty acids away from triacylglycerol- and sterylester-storage towards membrane phospholipid synthesis by PAH1 gene inactivation, provides a valuable approach to enhance eukaryotic membrane protein production. Complementary to this improvement in membrane protein quantity, UPR co-induction further enhances the quality of the membrane protein in terms of its proper folding and biological activity. Importantly, since these pathways are conserved in all eukaryotes, it will be of interest to investigate similar engineering approaches in other cell types of biotechnological interest, such as insect cells and mammalian cells.
Epimutation profiling in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: relationship with assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Tee Louise , Lim Derek HK , Dias Renuka P , Baudement Marie-Odile , Slater Amy A , Kirby Gail , Hancocks Tom , Stewart Helen , Hardy Carol , Macdonald Fiona , Maher Eamonn R
Published: December 2013

Background

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder associated with abnormalities in 11p15.5 imprinted genes. The most common cause is loss of methylation (epimutation) at the imprinting control centre 2 (IC2/KvDMR1). Most IC2 epimutations occur sporadically but an association with conception after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has been reported. A subgroup of IC2 epimutation cases also harbour epimutations at other imprinting centres (ICs) outside of 11p15.5. We have investigated the relationship between these multiple epimutation cases (ME+), history of ART and clinical phenotype in a cohort of 187 BWS IC2 epimutation patients.

Results

Methylation analysis at PLAGL1, MEST and IGF2R ICs demonstrated an over-representation of patients with abnormally low methylation (8.5%, 12% and 6% respectively). At IGF2R some patients (2%) had gain of methylation but this was also detected in controls. Though there were no significant correlations between the methylation index (MIs) at the three ICs tested, a subset of patients appeared to be susceptible to multiple epimutations (ME+) and 21.2% of ME + patients had been conceived by ART compared to 4.5% (P = 0.0033) without additional epimutations. Methylation array profiling (Illumina Goldengate®) of patients and controls (excluding 11p15.5 loci) demonstrated significant differences between patients and controls. No significant associations were found between aspects of the BWS phenotype and individual epimutations but we describe a case presenting with a post-ART BWS-like phenotype in which molecular analysis demonstrated loss of paternal allele methylation at the 11p15.5 IC1 locus (IC1 regulates imprinting of IGF2 and H19). Loss of paternal allele methylation at the IC1 is the molecular finding associated with Silver-Russell syndrome whereas BWS is associated with gain of maternal allele methylation at IC1. Further analysis demonstrated epimutations at PLAGL1 and MEST consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of multiple epimutations may be of clinical relevance.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the ME + subgroup of BWS patients are preferentially, but not exclusively, associated with a history of ART and that, though at present, there are no clear epigenotype-phenotype correlations for ME + BWS patients, non-11p15.5 IC epimutations can influence clinical phenotype.
(Re-)Writing History of the Second World War: Forgetting and Remembering the Taiwanese-Native Japanese Soldiers in Postwar Taiwan
Authors: Lan Shi-chi Mike
Published: December 2013

This article studies the history and historiography of Taiwanese World War II veterans (commonly known as Taiji Riben bing or Taiwanese-native Japanese soldiers), who served as Japanese paramilitary fighting the Chinese and Allied forces. Hundreds of thousands of Taiwanese were recruited into the Japanese forces during the war, serving in Taiwan, mainland China, the Pacific islands, and across Southeast Asia. After the war, however, the experiences of the Taiwanese and Chinese fighting each other were largely repressed and ignored in official and scholarly accounts of the war. Consequently, the Taiwanese veterans were absent in postwar discourse of veterans and public memory of the war. This politically imposed amnesia in the public memory served as a form of amnesty for the Taiwanese veterans, allowing the Kuomintang (KMT) government to redeem these former enemies and re-represent them as a force in its anticommunist campaign since 1949. Overall, forgetting the history of Taiwanese-native Japanese soldiers helped to create and maintain national and social unity in postwar Taiwan under the KMT rule.

As a result of this amnesia, Taiwanese veterans have been rather insignificant, if not completely absent, in the postwar discussion of war-related issues such as jus post bellum (war crimes, compensation to the civilians and veterans) and commemoration of the war until 1990. In the 1990s, with the publication of oral history projects and autobiographical works, the history of the Taiwanese veterans gradually emerged out of the private domain and began to draw more attention in the public discourse of the Second World War. This article will argue that the emergence of a new discourse of Taiwanese veterans since the 1990s has served as a (long overdue) redemption for the Taiwanese veterans and the beginning of recovering (and reconstructing) the long-neglected general wartime history of Taiwan. At the same time, however, this new discourse of Taiwanese veterans (and recovered memory of the war) challenges the national and social unity created by political amnesia in postwar Taiwan. Issues related to the historiography of the Taiwanese veterans such as the recent controversy over Lee Tang-hui's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine continue to stir debate over the legacy of the Second World War in Taiwan and to generate conflict over the already divisive national identity in Taiwan.
ΝΙΚΗ ΤΣΕΛΕΝΤΗ-ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ (1948-2007)
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΙΑ-ΛΑΛΑ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ
Published: December 2013

Obituary on the death of Niki Tselenti-Papadopoulou written by Anastasia Papadia-Lala.
ΤΟ ΔΥΤΙΚΟ ΜΟΝΤΕΛΟ ΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛΗ
Authors: ΓΙΑΝΤΣΗ ΝΙΚΟΛΕΤΤΑ
Published: December 2013

La problématique de la communication concerne aux perceptions des Occidentaux à propos de Constantinople. La conclusion à laquelle elle aboutitest que les éléments qui rendaient cette ville épatante, majesteuse et emposante aux yeux des Occidentaux étaient plutôt les elements immatériels,que ses caractéristiques matériels, qui ont été résulté du fait que Constantinople a été simultanément 1) la capitale d'un empire, héritier de Rome, 2) l'héritier de la culture grecque ancienne et le porteur d'une tradition culturelle que a approvisionné longtemps la culture européenne et 3) le berceau du christianisme et le trésor des reliques de ses saints.
Η ΘΕΩΡΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΥ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΤΑΛΙΚΩΝ ΚΡΑΤΙΔΙΩΝ (Α' ΜΙΣΟ ΤΟΥ 15ου ΑΙΩΝΑ) ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΛΑΟΝΙΚΟ ΧΑΛΚΟΚΟΝΔΥΛΗ
Authors: ΠΑΝΝΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ Κ.
Published: December 2013

The Laonikos Chalkokondyles' historical work refers extensively to the socialand political situation of western-european populations in the late medieval era. Thedescription of the Italian peninsula as a geopolitical unity has a main position in thisnarration.This article tries to underpin the special importance, which Laonikos Chalkokondylesattached to the description of the political situation of the Italian cities-states.Apart from this, it makes an effort to document this historiographical selection.Chalkokondyles of course keeps systematically a distance from the events.However, the way that was used by one of the last Byzantine historians in order tomaintain the political system of Italian cities, proves his strong interest about it. Thisinterest is revealed by having a critic spirit and highlighting the possitive sides ofeach regime. It is, also, revealed by expounding at great length. It is significant thatthose features didn't exist in his references to the other european societies.The structure used in this topic is the following:The basic part is an annotation to Chalkokondyles' references regarding thepolitical organisation in the main four city-states, Venice, Genoa, Florence and Milan.The topic is framed by two introductive chapters and conclusions as an epilogue. In thechapters mentioned, Chalkokondyles is incorporated in his contemporary backround.In the same part the Italian urban milieux on the borderline of 14th and 15th centuriesis basicaly described.In the conclusions the central aspect that runs through the way of theChalkokondylean descriptions of Italian cities, is restructed. It is also undertaken toexplain this way from the political view of the historian and his relationship with thatgroup of Despotate of Morea which was friendly to the West.
Ο ANTONI RUBIÓ I LLUCH ΩΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΟΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΤΟΥ ΣΤΗ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΤΩΝ ΚΑΤΑΛΑΝΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΤΟΝ 14ο ΑΙΩΝΑ
Authors: ΝΤΟΥΡΟΥ-ΗΛΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ΜΑΡΙΑ
Published: December 2013

Antoni Rubió i Lluch (1856-1937) was professor in the University ofBarcelona and founder of the Institute of Catalan Studies. He had devoted hislife collecting material about the Catalans in Greece in the 14th century andhe has published several books and articles. His fundamental work was the«Diplomatari del Orient català», based on research on the Archives ofBarcelona, Venice, Vatican and Palermo, which sheds light on the Catalanperiod of Athens and its relations with the Kingdom of Aragon. His work isvery useful for scholars or anyone who wants to enrich his knowledge in thisarea. Furthermore he has translated Greek literature and his correspondencewith the authors is an important source of knowledge on that period.
ΠΑΡΓΑ, ΠΡΕΒΕΖΑ, ΒΟΝΙΤΣΑ: ΑΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΣΥΣΣΩΜΑΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΑ ΒΕΝΕΤΙΚΑ ΗΠΕΙΡΩΤΙΚΑ ΕΞΑΡΤΗΜΑΤΑ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΚΩΣΤΑ ΧΡΙΣΤΙΝΑ Ε.
Published: December 2013

Il tema della mia ricerca è la ricostruzione della storia delle comunità e deiloro consigli durante la venetocrazia nella costa occidentale dello Ionio e inparticolare nelle città di Parga, nel corso del Quattrocento, di Prevesa e diVonizza nel Settecento. I dati archivistici e bibliografici sono stati raccolti inseguito allo spoglio dei relativi fondi conservati presso l'Archivio di Stato diVenezia e le varie biblioteche della città.

I termini "comunità" ο "consiglio della comunità" descrivono un organocollettivo istituzionalmente riconosciuto dall'amministrazione centraleveneziana. Sede del consiglio era il centro cittadino e godevano del privilegiodi parteciparvi solo i membri maschi delle famiglie più influenti e facoltose edi provata appartenenza alla classe dei cittadini.

Nelle tre città in esame le famiglie aggregate al consiglio erano statescelte ancora prima che venisse costituita la comunità e in seguito non erapermessa alcuna ammissione se prima non si fosse estinta un'altra famiglia. Inquesto senso, le tre corporazioni civili possono essere definite come consiglicivili "serrati".

II consiglio, essendo il meccanismo centrale dell'organizzazione dellasocietà, assegnava annualmente le cariche locali, le quali affiancavano gliufficiali veneti (governatori, capitani, provveditori) all'esercizio del governodel paese.
ΑΝΑΣΥΓΚΡΟΤΩΝΤΑΣ ΤΗΝ «ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΑ» ΣΤΙΣ ΒΕΝΕΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΥΜΕΝΕΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ. ΟΡΓΑΝΩΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΑΡΧΕΙΑΚΕΣ ΠΗΓΕΣ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΙΑ-ΛΑΛΑ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ
Published: December 2013

This paper, which brought to an end the One-day Conference, titled"Greek Communities and the European World (13th-19th centuries). Patternsof self-administration, social organization, identities' formation", attempts tosynthesize and summarize the conclusions of the research programme of thesame name, with an emphasis on communities in Greek lands under Venetianrule. These communities are approached as a factor in the formation of socialclasses and as the driving force behind the development of forms of regionalself-governing. The programme concluded that the communities were linkedto Europe via the rule of Venice, while their 'Greekness' relates both to theGreek lands as a whole, despite border variations, and to their members, the"Greci", considerable numbers of whom were to gradually acquire positionsof note in the communities alongside their Latin overlords.

The research team identified, catalogued and digitized a mass of historicalmaterial, the three most important sources of which were the embassies, theregisters of marriages and births/deaths and the communities' statutes. Thishistorical material, which is now held at the University of Athens, alsoconstituted the main source for the synthesizing studies published in thisvolume. The material will also be available to the community of historians forfuture study and will play its part in furthering university research andteaching.
AUDITOR RISK IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATION HUMAN RESOURCE AUDIT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Анисимова  , Anisimova Irina
Published: December 2013

In the article main types of risks in practice of human resource audit

management are considered, their characteristics and assessment

methods are provided, the new order of auditor risk assessment

within the frame of organization human resource management audit

system is off ered.
PERSONNEL MARKETING AS ORGANIZATION INTERACTION TOOL WITH LABOR MARKET
Authors: Хадасевич  , Khadasevich Nailya
Published: December 2013

In article the features of marketing technologies usage in labor

forces management, their structural characteristics and realization

forms are considered.
Working with culture-marked vocabulary at the literary reading lessons
Authors: Тарасова  , Tarasova I.
Published: December 2013

The paper describes pedagogical potential of

aesthetic education of primary schoolchildren, developing

moral values on the basis of working with culture-marked

vocabulary in artistic texts included in literary reading

curriculum. The author offers the classification of culturemarked

units of the literary text and gives examples of

working with them.
Methodology of learning and assessment of ICT-competence of future primary school teachers
Authors: Зайцева  , Zaytseva S.
Published: December 2013

The paper discovers concept content “ICTcompetence

of future primary school teachers”, necessity

of building of this competence by the students in institutes of higher education is grounded. Methodology of ICTcompetence

assessment of the highschool graduates is

described. The author offers assessment criteria, marks

out and defines the levels of ICT-competence of primary

school teacher.
Assessment of efficiency of schoolchildren’s out-of-school activities
Authors: Мошнина  , Moshnina R. , Батырева  , Batyreva Svetlana
Published: December 2013

The paper considers urgent organization questions

of primary schoolchildren’s out-of-school activities, possible

forms and methods of its assessment. Direct relation between

the results of out-of-school activities and efficiency of its

organization is grounded. The authors give the example

of panning sheet and expert card of the out-of-school lesson.
Natural diet of Cephalopholis fulva (Perciformes: Serranidae) in the Abrolhos Bank, Northeastern Brazil.
Authors: Gathaz Renato , Freitas Matheus , Goitein Roberto , Moura Rodrigo , Bornatowski Hugo
Published: December 2013

This study presents data on the natural diet of C. fulva in the Abrolhos Bank. Specimens were obtained in commercial fisheries landings between May 2005 and January 2007. A total of 372 stomachs were examined. Main categories of food items were Teleostei and Crustacea. Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) showed no significant dietary differences related to fish size (Global R = -0.019, p = 0.85) and season (Global R = 0.006, p = 0.42). In the study region, C. fulva may be regarded as a small predator of fishes and crustaceans being a mesopredator i.e. predator in the mid-trophic levels.
Practice-based research: multimodal explorations through poetry and painting
Authors: Norris Sigrid
Published: December 2013

In this article, I investigate the practice-based research project called the poetry-to-painting project that the independent German artist, Andrea Brandt, who has also been a participant in two of my ethnographic studies on identity production, and I are involved in.

(Norris and Brandt, 2011) illustrates Andrea’s early to current emotive stages that she links to the lifechanging event, her divorce. Taking this project as my example, I develop some theoretical thoughts and demonstrate how a practicebased project embeds and produces theoretical thought. In order to establish this theoretical thinking, I lean on mediated discourse theory (Scollon, 1998, 2001) and multimodal (inter)action analysis (Norris, 2004, 2011a).

Through this project, the notion of
Semantic representation of speech and signing in codas and interpreters: Behavioral patterns of interaction
Authors: Zachau Swantje , Leppänen Paavo H.T. , Ervast Leena , Heinänen Kaisu , Suominen Kalervo , Lehtihalmes Matti , Korpilahti Pirjo
Published: December 2013

Lexical representation of natural signed language in interrelation to speech was explored by analyzing hearing signers’ and non-signers’ behavioral response patterns to a within- and across-language semantic decision task. Native hearing signers, non-native sign language interpreters and sign-naïve controls had to decide whether two lexical items (speech-speech or speech-sign) were antonymic or not. Aim of this study was to examine whether sign language and speech are interacting with each other on the semantic level. Response patterns indicate semantic effects on within-language conditions in all three groups, whereas clear semantically motivated responses to cross-language conditions were only apparent in the two signing groups, though with different functional distribution. Our data demonstrate how tightly signing and speech can be interconnected at the semantic level. This linkage is at least partly learned and connected with language usage.
Negative assessments in humour: a way of doing gender
Authors: Söderlund Hanna
Published: December 2013

Being humorous is more than just being able to tell jokes. The uptake of the joke is as important in order to be funny. I have examined the Swedish humour panel show Parlamentet in a conversationand multimodal-centered analysis. I argue that the representation of gender does play a part in who is able to be humorous, as I see humour as a group achievement. In my examples of women negatively assessing or teasing men on the panel, I am interested in how the other participants react and play along the humorous story. I conclude that women and men tend to have different expectations on who will be able to continue the humorous story and that the distribution of attention in the panel reflect those expectations. The women’s jokes do not render in as much laughter or attention from the panel as the men’s attempt of being humorous.
Closer to nature: A case study of the multifunctional selection of moving images in an environmental corporate video
Authors: Maier Carmen Daniela
Published: December 2013

This article explores how the selection of moving images in a corporate video contributes to the construction of an allegorical journey in an ideal spatio-temporal universe through which the corporate discourse communicates the company’s environmental commitment.

The article is based on a social semiotic analysis which explores the discourse of renewal and belonging articulated visually in the

This article thus suggests that fine-grained analyses of the meaning-making potential of images in environmental corporate discourses can facilitate a better understanding of visual selective strategies in contemporary environmental communication in general.
How to create a methodology of conceptual visualization based on experiential cognitive science and diagrammatology
Authors: Toft Birthe
Published: December 2013

Based on the insights of experiential cognitive science and of diagrammatology as defined by Charles S. Peirce and Frederik Stjernfelt, this article analyses the iconic links connecting visualizations of Stjernfelt diagrams with human perception and action and starts to lay the theoretical groundwork for a methodology of conceptual visualization.
Deaf see TV news differently: A first step in finding a better path to knowledge
Authors: Mulrennan Danielle L.
Published: December 2013

Television broadcast news is an audio-visual construct of facts and information enabling the viewer to experience and understand current and historical events (Shook et al., 2009). The viewer absorbs the meaning through the senses of sight and hearing, however, the efficacy of the news message is likely to diminish when one’s ability to use either of these senses becomes impaired. There is a dearth of research on interactions between Deaf adults and the media, and in particular, television news broadcasts (Cheong and Karras, 2009). This study has explored the role of television broadcast news within the home environment of a Deaf person, the interactions with the television set as a social tool, and how the television news message becomes mediated in order to overcome the limitations of impaired reception.

By using the interpretative paradigm, this study focused on five Deaf adults as they engaged in the action of watching television news. Data were recorded using video ethnography and the methodology of Multimodal Interaction Analysis (Norris, 2004) has been utilized.
Poems on Māori identity: From multimodal interaction analysis to poetry
Authors: Matelau Tui
Published: December 2013

Research into Māori identity has revealed cultural identities that neglect to include a large number of Māori (McIntosh, 2005; Moeke-Maxwell, 2005; Meijl, 2006; Houkamau, 2010). Fluid Māori identity is an emerging cultural identity and is encouraging but there continues to be a gap in the research into an inclusive Māori identity (Borell, 2005; McIntosh, 2005; Moeke-Maxwell, 2005). I conducted a small scale qualitative study. Through ethnographic observations of two Māori female participants and semi-structured socio linguistic interviews, I explored the participants’ Māori identities and analysed my findings using multimodal interaction analysis. These findings revealed that the participants enacted two distinctive Māori identities. I also found that numerous networks and institutions contribute to the layers of discourse that enforce the Māori identities. At this point in the research I used poetry to enhance my analysis of the data as poetry can be used “to convey our experiences of other people and - even more audaciously - to explain why human beings think and act the way we do,” (Maynard & Cahnmann-Taylor, 2010, p.14). I wrote two poems; each poem representing one participant. Writing these poems helped me to move from describing the findings of the research to analysing the findings.
An extensive study on Markov switching models with endogenous regressors
Authors: Wang Xia , Shang Yuhuang , Zheng Tingguo
Published: December 2013

This paper extends Kim’s (Kim, C.-J. 2004. “Markov-Switching Models with Endogenous Explanatory Variables.”
Objective Measurements for Grading the Nasal Esthetics on Basal View in Individuals with Secondary Cleft Nasal Deformity
Authors: He Xing , Li Hua , Shao Yan , Shi Bing
Published: December 2013

Objective

The purpose of this study is to ascertain objective nasal measurements from the basal view that are predictive of nasal esthetics in individuals with secondary cleft nasal deformity.

Design

Thirty-three patients who had undergone unilateral cleft lip repair were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The degree of nasal deformity was subjectively ranked by seven surgeons using standardized basal-view measurements. Nine physical objective parameters including angles and ratios were measured. Correlations and regressions between these objective and subjective measurements were then analyzed.

Results

There was high concordance in subjective measurements by different surgeons (Kendall's harmonious coefficient = W = .825, P = .006). The strongest predictive factors for nasal aesthetics were the ratio of length of nasal alar ( r = .370, P = .034) and the degree of deviation of the columnar axis ( r = .451, P = .008). The columellar angle had a more powerful effect in rating nasal esthetics.

Conclusion

There was reliable concordance in subjective ranking of nasal esthetics by surgeons. Measurement of the columnar angle may serve as an independent, objective predictor of esthetics of the nose.