bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the VQ gene family in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Jiang Zhenfeng , Li Zhenxiang , Zhao Yuanling , Tan Weiwei , Liu Zhaojun , Cui Shaobin , Yu Xiaoguang , Ma Jun , Wang Guangjin , Li Wenbin
Published: August 2019

Background

VQ proteins, the plant-specific transcription factors, are involved in plant development and multiple stresses; however, only few articles systematic reported the VQ genes in soybean.

Methods

In total, we identified 75 GmVQ genes, which were classified into 7 groups (I-VII). Conserved domain analysis indicated that VQ gene family members all contain the VQ domains. VQ genes from the same evolutionary branches of soybean shared similar motifs and structures. Promoter analysis revealed that cis-elements related to stress responses, phytohormone responses and controlling physical as well as reproductive growth. Based on the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis, GmVQ genes were showed expressing in nine tissues, suggesting their putative function in many aspects of plant growth and development as well as response to stress in Glycine max.

Results

This study aims to understand the roles of VQ genes in various development processes and their expression patterns in responses to stimuli. Our results provide basic information in identification and classification of GmVQ genes. Further experimental analysis will allows us to know the functions of GmVQs participation in plant growth and stress responses.
Nutritional Quality, Functional Properties and Sensory Acceptability of an Orange - fleshed Sweet Potato - based Complementary Food
Authors: Ashun Esther Kumea , Darkwa Sarah , Nsiah-Asamoah Christiana
Published: August 2019

The study focuses on the development of a complementary food (CF) with the orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) to help address the public health problem of vitamin A deficiency among infants. Experimental research design was used for the study. Fifty six infants aged between 6 and 24 months were purposively sampled, together with their mothers, to evaluate three complementary food (CF) products and a control, code-named GAD, PEA, SAB and KAN respectively. The CF products were formulated from orange fleshed sweet potato, anchovies, onion and tomatoes; and the nutrients and functional properties were determined.  A questionnaire and an interview guide were used to collect data to assess the sensory attributes and overall acceptability of the formulated CF products. The results showed that the three complementary foods were nutrient dense, with the moisture content being highest in PEA and lowest in GAD.  GAD, PEA and SAB were all high in protein and fibre but low in fat and carbohydrate. KAN (control) was the most acceptable with respect to all the sensory attributes of a complementary food, although its overall acceptability was not significantly different from that of the other three CF products - GAD, PEA and SAB.
Effect of Different Moisture Harvesting Techniques on Seedling Survivals and Growth of Trees in Degraded Lands of Southern Tigray
Authors: Siyum Gebru Eyasu , Tassew Tuemay , Gidey Abadi
Published: August 2019

Tree planting on degraded lands play a key role in forest rehabilitation processes through afforestation and/or reforestation. Moisture harvesting structures (MHSs) has significant impact on seedling survivals at degraded lands. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of water harvesting techniques on seedling survival and growth performance of trees. Field experiments were conducted for two rainy seasons in southern Tigray, Atsela watershed. The experimental design followed was the split plot design. The MHSs as main plot used were eye-brow basins (EBs), micro trench (MTs), improved pit (IPs) and as control normal pit (NPs). The tree species grown as subplots were Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Grevillea robusta, Olea europaea and Cupressus lusitanica. The four tree species were planted by using seedlings. The tree survival rate, height, crown width (CW) and root collar diameter (RCD) of the four tree species were measured every six months after transplanting. The result shows that MHSs were significant in tree seedling height, CW and RCD but not in tree survival rate. Tree seedling height and CW grown in EBs were significantly higher than those grown in MTs, IPs and NP (P≤0.05). RCD of tree seedling was higher when grown in EBs than NP (control) (P≤0.05). The interaction of tree species seedlings and MHSs shows that those seedlings grown on MHSs were significantly thicker, taller and more survived than those grown on the NPs (control) (P≤0.05). So based on the experiments, it is concluded that MHSs particularly the eyebrow basin was considered as the most appropriate planting pit. Therefore, further demonstration of eyebrow basin tree planting should be carried out.
Investigating the Impact of Supply Chain Management and Marketing Strategies on Organizational Performance
Authors: Behzad Hasani , Mirmahmood Seyyedvalilou
Published: August 2019

Today, with the growth and development of marketing methods, their impact on the business environment cannot be ignored. The use of marketing and supply chain management enables organizations to succeed in creation of a greater value for customers and other interested people. Accordingly, after determining the objectives, variables and factors of designing the corresponding measurement tool(s), preliminary field studies and validation of the data measurement tool(s), preparation of the final questionnaire and its distribution among the relevant experts, according to the number of the statistical population which is equal to 1000, 390 samples were selected using Cochran method. Structural equations have been used in the field of statistical analysis results of the research questions and the PLS statistical software was selected. After investigation of the data, a significant positive relationship was found between the variables, the model had a good fit, and finally, the developed model was approved.
PENGARUH e-WOM TERHADAP BRAND IMAGE DAN PURCHASE INTENTION PADA HOTEL BINTANG TIGA DI BALI
Authors: Pentury Lourino Valentino , Sugianto Monica , Remiasa Marcus
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur atau melihat pengaruh dari e-WOM dalam Online Review pada OTA terhadap brand image dan purchase intention pada hotel bintang tiga di Bali. Penulis melakukan survei dengan jumlah responden sebesar 213 responden dengan kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan menggunakan metode analisa SEM-PLS. Temuan menunjukan bahwa e-WOM berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap brand image hotel bintang tiga di Bali. Brand image berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap Purchase intention hotel bintang tiga di Bali. Dan e-WOM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Purchase intention hotel bintang tiga di Bali.
A recurrent 8 bp frameshifting indel in FOXF1 defines a novel mutation hotspot associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins
Authors: Karolak Justyna A. , Bacolla Albino , Liu Qian , Lantz Patrick E. , Petty John , Trapane Pamela , Panzer Karin , Totapally Balagangadhar R. , Niu Zhiyv , Xiao Rui , Xie Nina G. , Wu Lucia R. , Szafranski Przemyslaw , Zhang David Y. , Stankiewicz Paweł
Published: August 2019

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare lethal lung developmental disease. Affected infants manifest with severe respiratory distress and refractory pulmonary hypertension and uniformly die in the first month of life. Heterozygous point mutations or copy‐number variant deletions involving FOXF1 and/or its upstream lung‐specific enhancer on 16q24.1 have been identified in the vast majority of ACDMPV patients. We have previously described two unrelated families with a de novo pathogenic frameshift variant c.691_698del (p.Ala231Argfs*61) in the exon 1 of FOXF1. Here, we present a third unrelated ACDMPV family with the same de novo variant and propose that a direct tandem repeat of eight consecutive nucleotides GCGGCGGC within the ~4 kb CpG island in FOXF1 exon 1 is a novel mutation hotspot causative for ACDMPV.
2019 Update of the American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network Recommendations for the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Ward Michael M. , Deodhar Atul , Gensler Lianne S. , Dubreuil Maureen , Yu David , Khan Muhammad Asim , Haroon Nigil , Borenstein David , Wang Runsheng , Biehl Ann , Fang Meika A. , Louie Grant , Majithia Vikas , Ng Bernard , Bigham Rosemary , Pianin Michael , Shah Amit Aakash , Sullivan Nancy , Turgunbaev Marat , Oristaglio Jeff , Turner Amy , Maksymowych Walter P. , Caplan Liron
Published: August 2019

Objective

To update evidence‐based recommendations for the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods

We conducted updated systematic literature reviews for 20 clinical questions on pharmacologic treatment addressed in the 2015 guidelines, and for 26 new questions on pharmacologic treatment, treat‐to‐target strategy, and use of imaging. New questions addressed the use of secukinumab, ixekizumab, tofacitinib, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) biosimilars, and biologic tapering/discontinuation, among others. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations and required at least 70% agreement among the voting panel.

Results

Recommendations for AS and nonradiographic axial SpA are similar. TNFi are recommended over secukinumab or ixekizumab as the first biologic to be used. Secukinumab or ixekizumab is recommended over the use of a second TNFi in patients with primary nonresponse to the first TNFi. TNFi, secukinumab, and ixekizumab are favored over tofacitinib. Co‐administration of low‐dose methotrexate with TNFi is not recommended, nor is a strict treat‐to‐target strategy or discontinuation or tapering of biologics in patients with stable disease. Sulfasalazine is recommended only for persistent peripheral arthritis when TNFi are contraindicated. For patients with unclear disease activity, spine or pelvis magnetic resonance imaging could aid assessment. Routine monitoring of radiographic changes with serial spine radiographs is not recommended.

Conclusion

These recommendations provide updated guidance regarding use of new medications and imaging of the axial skeleton in the management of AS and nonradiographic axial SpA.
An H∞non‐fragile observer‐based adaptive sliding mode controller design for uncertain fractional‐order nonlinear systems with time delay and input nonlinearity
Authors: Parvizian Majid , Khandani Khosro , Majd Vahid Johari
Published: August 2019

In this paper the problem of non‐fragile adaptive sliding mode observer design is addressed for a class of nonlinear fractional‐order time‐delay systems with uncertainties, external disturbance, exogenous noise, and input nonlinearity. An H∞ observer‐based adaptive sliding mode control considering the non‐fragility of the observer is proposed for this system. The sufficient asymptotic stability conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities. It is proven that the sliding surface is reachable in finite time. An illustrative example is provided which corroborates the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Ion‐Selective Membrane‐Free Dual Sulfur‐Iodine Catholyte for Low‐Cost and High‐Power Flow Battery Applications
Authors: Huang Wei , Zou Qingli , Lu Yi‐Chun
Published: August 2019

Highly concentrated polysulfide‐ (PS) and iodide‐based (I3−/I−) redox couples are promising active materials for redox flow battery applications owing to their high volumetric capacity. However, their applications in lithium redox flow batteries suffer from severe shuttle of iodine and PS and thus require the use of an ion‐selective ceramic membrane for stable operation. This inherent challenge critically limits the practical current density of the flow battery (<1 mA cm−2). Herein, we developed a dual PS‐LiI catholyte to simultaneously alleviate the shuttling of iodine and the passivation of Li2S, demonstrating stable ion‐selective membrane‐free Li‐catholyte cells achieving volumetric capacity between 30–60 Ah L−1catholyte with long cycle life (>150 cycles) at high current densities (3.8 mA cm−2 and 5.4 mA cm−2). The dual PS‐LiI catholyte not only increases the volumetric capacity and stability, but also removes the resistive and high‐cost ion‐selective membrane for low‐cost, high‐energy and high‐power flow battery applications.
Sam68 is required for the growth and survival of nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: Fu Kai , Sun Xin , Xia Xue , Hobbs Ryan P. , Guo Yajuan , Coulombe Pierre A. , Wan Fengyi
Published: August 2019

Although targeting DNA repair signaling pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic for skin cancer, the relevance of DNA damage responses (DDR) in the development and survival of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most common type of skin cancer, remains obscure. Here, we report that Src‐associated substrate during mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68), an early signaling molecule in DDR, is elevated in skin tumor tissues derived from NMSC patients and skin lesions from Gli2‐transgenic mice. Downregulation of Sam68 impacts the growth and survival of human tumor keratinocytes and genetic ablation of Sam68 delays the onset of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in Gli2‐transgenic mice. Moreover, Sam68 plays a critical role in DNA damage‐induced DNA repair and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathways in keratinocytes, hence conferring keratinocyte sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Together, our data reveal a novel function of Sam68 in regulating DDR in keratinocytes that is crucial for the growth and survival of NMSC.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Mannich Bases Derived from 1,2,4‐Triazole
Authors: Paneth Agata , Trotsko Nazar , Popiołek Łukasz , Grzegorczyk Agnieszka , Krzanowski Tomasz , Janowska Sara , Malm Anna , Wujec Monika
Published: August 2019

The series of novel Mannich bases were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. The results showed that all compounds were less active than the drugs used as reference, but some of them had moderate potency against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. The presence of a phenyl ring in the position 4 of piperazine seems to be necessary for antibacterial activity in this class of compounds.
Collapse‐Resistant Large‐Sized 2D Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Zhou Jiangqi , Li Xin
Published: August 2019

Metal‐organic‐framework (MOF)‐derived two‐dimensional materials have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage, because of their unique layered structure and abundant active sites. However, the facile synthesis of carbon materials simultaneously having large‐sized, ultrathin‐layered nanosheets and ultrahigh specific surface area remains a challenge. In this work, we develop a simple carbon protection strategy for efficiently stabilizing the ultrathin carbon nanosheets against structure degradation. The optimized as‐prepared sample (UPZCNs‐K4) exhibits a flat morphology with a large size (ca. 10 μm), a thickness of 2.8 nm, high pore volume, and a high capacitance of 402 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 6.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. An assembled symmetric supercapacitor delivers 16.18 W h kg−1 and 21.89 W h kg−1 output in KOH aqueous solution and Na2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. The excellent performances of the optimized sample can be attributed to the combination of ultrahigh specific surface area for ions storage and ultrathin structure with large size for a short ion diffusion distance. We believe this work will aid in designing ultrathin porous carbon nanosheets with new nanostructures toward energy‐related applications.
Exzellenzuniversitäten
Authors: Böck Barbara
Published: August 2019

No abstract.
Evidence‐based statistical analysis and methods in biomedical research (SAMBR) checklists according to design features
Authors: Dwivedi Alok Kumar , Shukla Rakesh
Published: August 2019

Background

Statistical analysis according to design features and objectives is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of the study findings and conclusions in biomedical research. Heterogeneity in reporting study design elements and conducting statistical analyses is often observed for the same study design and study objective in medical literatures. Sometimes, researchers face a lot of predicaments using appropriate statistical approaches highlighted by methodologists for a specific study design either due to lack of accessibility or understanding of statistical methods or unavailability of checklists related to design and analysis in a concise format. The purpose of this review is to provide the checklist of statistical analysis and methods in biomedical research (SAMBR) to applied researchers.

Recent findings

We initially identified the important steps of reporting design features that may influence the choice of statistical analysis in biomedical research and essential steps of data analysis of common studies. We subsequently searched for statistical approaches employed for each study design/study objective available in publications and other resources. Compilation of these steps produced SAMBR guidance document, which includes three parts. Applied researchers can use part (A) and part (B) of SAMBR to describe or evaluate research design features and quality of statistical analysis, respectively, in reviewing studies or designing protocols. Part (C) of SAMBR can be used to perform essential and preferred evidence‐based data analysis specific to study design and objective.

Conclusions

We believe that the statistical methods checklists may improve reporting of research design, standardize methodological practices, and promote consistent application of statistical approaches, thus improving the quality of research studies. The checklists do not enforce the use of suggested statistical methods but rather highlight and encourage to conduct the best statistical practices. There is a need to develop an interactive web‐based application of the checklists for users for its wide applications.
Triplet BODIPY and AzaBODIPY Derived Donor‐acceptor Dyads: Competitive Electron Transfer versus Intersystem Crossing upon Photoexcitation
Authors: Shao Shuai , Gobeze Habtom B. , Bandi Venugopal , Funk Christiane , Heine Brian , Duffy Maddie J. , Nesterov Vladimir , Karr Paul A. , D'Souza Francis
Published: August 2019

The bis‐iodo β‐pyrrole‐substituted BF2‐chelated dipyrromethene, I2BODIPY, and its structural analogue BF2‐chelated aza dipyrromethene, I2azaBODIPY, carrying a nitrogen at the meso‐position instead of carbon, were synthesized and characterized as new set of triplet sensitizers using different techniques. These sensitizers were further functionalized with fullerene, C60, at the central boron atom to build donor‐acceptor conjugates. Using spectral, electrochemical, and computational methods, these conjugates were characterized, and the energy levels were established. Intersystem crossing to populate the triplet state was observed upon excitation of I2BODIPY and I2azaBODIPY, however, the measured rates of kISC were found to be nearly two orders of magnitude higher for I2azaBODIPY (kISC∼1011 s−1) compared to I2BODIPY (kISC∼109 s−1). The energetics, kISC, and position of HOMO and LUMO levels was found to control the ability of the dyad to undergo electron transfer, although the donor‐acceptor distances were virtually the same in both I2BODIPY‐C60 and I2azaBODIPY‐C60 conjugates. Free‐energy calculations revealed that the photoinduced electron transfer process was thermodynamically feasible from only the singlet excited states in both conjugates. Consequently, electron transfer from the 1I2BODIPY* in competition with intersystem crossing was witnessed in the case of I2BODIPY‐C60 dyad while in the case of I2azaBODIPY‐C60 dyad, excitation of azaBODIPY led to a short‐lived charge transfer state involving the catechol bridge followed by populating the low‐lying 3I2azaBODIPY* state without promoting the process of charge separation involving C60. The lifetime of the charge‐separated states was in the ns range in the I2BODIPY‐C60 conjugate both in polar and nonpolar solvents.
Clearly identify institution's role in student activities to limit legal liability
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: August 2019

“For all intents and purposes, the Oberlin verdict must have colleges and universities quaking in their boots,” said Peter F. Lake, director of Stetson University's Center for Excellence in Higher Education Law and Policy.
Collaborate across campus to make events accessible
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2019

BOSTON — Making events accessible requires collaboration across campus, said Jim Kessler, a staff member for the Association for Higher Education And Disability. Speaking at the organization's annual conference, he noted that the phrase “welcome everyone” starts with “we.”
The past, present, and future of coral heat stress studies
Authors: Cziesielski Maha J. , Schmidt‐Roach Sebastian , Aranda Manuel
Published: August 2019

The global loss and degradation of coral reefs, as a result of intensified frequency and severity of bleaching events, is a major concern. Evidence of heat stress affecting corals through loss of symbionts and consequent coral bleaching was first reported in the 1930s. However, it was not until the 1998 major global bleaching event that the urgency for heat stress studies became internationally recognized. Current efforts focus not only on examining the consequences of heat stress on corals but also on finding strategies to potentially improve thermal tolerance and aid coral reefs survival in future climate scenarios. Although initial studies were limited in comparison with modern technological tools, they provided the foundation for many of today's research methods and hypotheses. Technological advancements are providing new research prospects at a rapid pace. Understanding how coral heat stress studies have evolved is important for the critical assessment of their progress. This review summarizes the development of the field to date and assesses avenues for future research.
Textile‐Based Strain Sensor for Human Motion Detection
Authors: Wang Jilong , Lu Chunhong , Zhang Kun
Published: August 2019

Human motion analysis consists of real‐time monitoring and recording of human body's kinematics. It is very essential to track ambulatory and daily‐life human motion, which is crucial for many applications and disciplines. Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) afford a valid alternative to traditional solid‐state sensors due to their merits of low cost, lightweight, flexibility, and feasibility to fit various human bodies. In this mini‐review, textile‐based sensor platforms and human motion analysis are well discussed in Section 1. Second, theoretical principles of textile‐based strain sensors are introduced including resistive, capacitive, and piezoelectrical sensors. Section 3 focuses on various types of textile materials that are functionalized as sensing systems by intrinsic or extrinsic modifications. Section 4 summaries various types of e‐textile‐based strain sensors for human motion analysis. The final two sections mainly present perspectives and challenges, and conclusions, respectively.
High cell density transient transfection of CHO cells for TGF‐β1 expression
Authors: Elshereef Abdalla A. , Jochums André , Lavrentieva Antonina , Stuckenberg Lena , Scheper Thomas , Solle Dörte
Published: August 2019

High cell densities for transient transfection with polyethyleneimine (PEI) can be used for rapid and maximal production of recombinant proteins. High cell densities can be obtained by different cultivation systems, such as batch or perfusion systems. Herein, densities up to 18 million cells/mL were obtained by centrifugation for transfection evaluation. PEI transfection efficiency was easily determined by transfected enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter plasmid DNA (pDNA). A linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and transfection efficiency was improved. The transfection efficiency of PEI was highly dependent on the transfection conditions and directly related to the level of recombinant protein. Several factors were required to optimize the transient transfection process; these factors included the media type (which is compatible with low or high cell density transfection), the preculture CHO‐K1 suspension cell density, and the pDNA to PEI level. Based on design of experiment (DoE) analyses, the optimal transfection conditions for 10 × 106 cells/mL in the CHOMACS CD medium achieved 73% transfection efficiency and a cell viability of over 80%. These results were confirmed for the production of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in a shake flask. The purified TGF‐β1 protein concentration from 60 mL supernatant was 27 µg/mL, and the protein was biologically active.
Electrophilic Fluorination of Graphitic Carbon for Enhancement in Electric Double‐Layer Capacitance
Authors: Bahuguna Gaurav , Chaudhary Savi , Sharma Rakesh K. , Gupta Ritu
Published: August 2019

Graphitic carbon is the ultimate source of carbon electrodes for practical application in energy storage devices as it is commercially available at a much lower cost in contrast to other forms of nanostructured carbon. Recently, fluorinated carbon with improved electrical conductivity and wettability has been found to possess better and efficient electrochemical storage properties. However, the development of a simple fluorination process is still a challenge. Herein, Selectfluor (F‐TEDA) is explored as a fluorinating agent for Vulcan carbon. Fluorination of carbon material results in the formation of semi‐ionic C—F (F = 8.02 at%) and ionic C—F (F = 2.71 at%) bonds as observed in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis along with an increase in defect density (ID/IG) by 33.4%. Symmetric two‐electrode supercapacitor cells are assembled in Swagelok‐type geometry, and the specific capacitance of fluorinated carbon is found to increase by ≈15 times in contrast to pristine carbon due to induced surface polarization despite the decrease in specific surface area by ≈34%, which is remarkable. The fabricated device is stable with ≈96% capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles, resulting in enhanced supercapacitive performance.
Estimation of the Contribution Made to Down-the-Drain Emissions of D5 by Personal Care Product Categories in the European Union
Authors: Franco Antonio , van Egmond Roger
Published: August 2019

Aquatic risk assessment of personal care chemicals requires quantifying the contribution of all product types containing these ingredients to down-the-drain emissions. We developed a probabilistic model framework embracing stochastic variability associated with individual consumers and their behaviors in the European Union, as well as other sources of uncertainty related to losses following applications (e.g., volatilization). The model was applied to decamethylcyclopentasoloxane (D5), an emollient used in wash-off (WO) and leave-on (LO) products. Quantifying contributions from each product category containing D5 to down-the-drain emissions is necessary to inform optimal risk management options. Simulation results for the baseline scenario in 2012 support the argument that LO products make up a minor contribution (7.1%) to down-the-drain emissions of D5, with only 0.20% of the D5 used in LO products being released to wastewater. The most influential model parameters are the release factor from WO products and the time between application and use for various LO product types, stressing the importance of embracing stochastic variability across individuals’ behavior when assessing contributions of various product types to environmental emissions. The downward trend in WO use from 2010 to 2016 is reflected in declining concentrations in wastewater influent during the same period. Uncertainty remains about future levels of D5, once phasing out WO products is complete. The probabilistic model in conjunction with high-tier data of consumer habits is a promising high-tier tool for the characterization of complex emission scenarios of personal care ingredients. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–12. © 2019 SETAC
Inhibition of melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer by chitosan biomaterials
Authors: Chen Hsi‐Wen , Chou Ya‐Shuan , Young Tai‐Horng , Cheng Nai‐Chen
Published: August 2019

Decreasing skin pigmentation is desirable for various medical or cosmetic conditions. Although numerous pharmaceutical agents are currently available, their depigmentation effects are still not satisfactory. In this study, we investigated the effects of chitosan, a natural marine product, on melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer. Treating B16F10 melanoma cells caused the inhibitory effect of chitosan on melanogenesis to be more prominent under α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) stimulation. Chitosan samples of different molecular weights inhibited melanogenesis to a comparable extent, whereas increasing the deacetylation of chitosan enhanced its depigmentation effects. Chitosan was found to effectively reduce basal or α‐MSH‐stimulated melanogenesis by suppressing the expression of melanogenic‐related proteins (microphthalmia transcription factor, tyrosinase, and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 and protein‐2) as well as inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of chitosan on melanogenesis in human melanocytes was confirmed. A transwell coculture system using permeable inserts was designed to allow the contact of human melanocytes and human HaCaT keratinocytes through the tiny holes on the membrane. When chitosan was added to this melanocyte–keratinocyte coculture system, we observed decreased melanosome release from melanocytes. Reduced melanosome uptake by keratinocytes was also observed, and was probably mediated by inhibiting protease‐activated receptor 2 expression. Many skin‐whitening agents can modulate the process of melanogenesis, but few have been shown to inhibit the melanosome transfer and uptake process. We demonstrated that chitosan exhibits a robust effect on depigmentation by inhibiting melanogenesis as well as melanosome transfer and uptake. Therefore, chitosan represents a potential therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation disorders.
Ligustilide suppresses RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via inhibition of RANK expression
Authors: Wang Dairong , Li Jia , Feng Wenyu , Yao Jun , Ou Luanhai , Liao Shijie , Liu Yun , Li Boxiang , Lin Chengsen , Zhao Jinmin , Zhao Guoping
Published: August 2019

Osteoclast (OC) is the only cell involved in bone resorption. Dysfunction of OCs leads to a variety of bone diseases. Ligustilide (LIG) is the main component of the volatile oil isolated and purified fromAngelica sinensis. LIG exerts many pharmacological activities, but its effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are still unclear. Our study showed that LIG inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand‐induced OC formation and activation in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, LIG downregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of OC‐specific genes, such as V‐ATPase d2, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, a dendritic cell‐specific transmembrane protein, cathepsin K, and nuclear factor of activated T cells cl. Furthermore, LIG blocked the activation of NF‐κB/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/p38/immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif signaling pathways. Crucially, the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 proteins and the expression of receptor activator of NF‐κB mRNA were inhibited by LIG. However, LIG did not affect the formation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Collectively, this observation suggests that LIG may serve as a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by abnormal bone resorption.
Downregulation of microRNA‐129‐5p increases the risk of intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells via targeting BMP2
Authors: Yang Weijie , Sun Ping
Published: August 2019

miR‐129‐5p is implicated in many diseases, such as laryngeal cancer and breast cancer. In this study, we studied the mechanism underlying the role of BMP2 in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We used a luciferase assay system to determine the relationship between BMP2 and miR‐129‐5 expression. In addition, Western blot and real‐time PCR were used to confirm the regulatory relationship between miR‐129‐5p and its targets, while flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of miR‐129‐5p on the apoptosis of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). BMP2 was confirmed as a direct target of miR‐129‐5p. Furthermore, the expression of miR‐129 was downregulated along with upregulated BMP2 expression in IDD patients. Meanwhile, BMP2 was validated as the target of miR‐129‐5p in cells transfected with miR‐129‐5p and BMP2 siRNA. Also, compared with NPCs transfected with blank/scramble controls or miR‐129‐5p inhibitors, the NPCs treated with miR‐129‐5p mimics or BMP2 siRNA exhibited evidently elevated viability and inhibited apoptosis. The data demonstrated that miR‐129‐5p was poorly expressed in IDD patients, and the dysregulation of miR‐129‐5p might contribute to the development of IDD by targeting BMP2 expression.
Fe‐catalyzed hydrohalogenative cyclization of cyclohexadienone‐containing enynes
Authors: Hong Ya‐Chun , Santhoshkumar Rajagopal , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: August 2019

A Fe‐catalyzed hydrohalogenative cyclization of cyclohexadienone‐containing 1,n‐enynes to give three different types of compounds is discussed. 1,6‐enynes with a stoichiometric amount of FeX3 provided cis‐hydrobenzofurans with moderate stereoselectivity, whereas the reaction with TMSX (X = Cl, Br) as the halide source in the presence of Fe catalyst improved the stereoselectivity of halide addition highly. The alkyl vs aryl shows difference that the reaction of 1,6‐enynes bearing an alkylethynyl group gave meta alkenated phenols (2 examples) whereas a similar reaction of 1,6‐enynes with an arylethynyl group delivered only cis‐hydrobenzofurans (12 examples). 1,7‐enynes afforded tricyclic products (4 examples). The different reactivity of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐enynes is probably influenced by the formation of a six‐membered chair‐like intermediate in 1,6‐enynes.
Lessons learned from testing cardiac channelopathy and cardiomyopathy genes in individuals who died suddenly: A two‐year prospective study in a large medical examiner’s office with an in‐house molecular genetics laboratory and genetic counseling services
Authors: Williams Nori , Manderski Elizabeth , Stewart Sarah , Bao Ruijun , Tang Yingying
Published: August 2019

This is a comprehensive review and analysis of 254 cases tested consecutively in the in‐house College of American Pathologist‐accredited molecular genetics laboratory within the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner between October 2015 and February 2018, using a multigene cardiac panel composed of 95 genes associated with cardiac channelopathy and cardiomyopathy. Demographics, autopsy findings, medical history, and postmortem genetic testing results were collected for each case. The majority of decedents were adults (>25 years old, 52.7%), followed by infants (<12 months, 25.6%), young adults (19–25 years old, 11.4%), and children (1–18 years old, 10.2%). There were more males (64.2%) than females (35.8%). The racial/ethnic composition of decedents was 40.2% Black, 29.9% Hispanic, 22.4% White, 5.1% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 2.8% mixed/unspecified. Overall, 45.7% of decedents had a negative autopsy, and the remaining had one to four cardiac findings (cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, atherosclerosis, and fatty change). Twenty‐seven pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P/LP) and 99 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were identified in 10.6% and 39% of decedents respectively. P/LP and VUS were found in 51 cardiac genes of the total 95 genes, where MYBPC3, TTN (predicted truncating variants), KCNH2, RYR2 and DSP genes had more than two P/LP variants identified. Among the 73 decedents who were suspected of having cardiac arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy, 20.3% had P/LP variants and 47.9% had VUS; among 23 decedents who had hypertensive cardiovascular diseases and 20 decedents with a history of substance use, 13% and 30% had P/LP variants, respectively. There were 26 referrals from medical examiners for genetic counseling and the outcomes are discussed. The study demonstrates characteristics of the diverse population typically seen by medical examiners in an urban center and our results support a broader implementation of molecular testing in sudden death.
NbCl5 Promoted the Efficient Synthesis of Phthalein Derivatives: Optical Characterization and Solvatochromic Effect
Authors: Moreno Vitor Fernandes , dos Santos Giovanny Carvalho , da Costa Gyordanna Mayara Gaspar , Gomes Marcelo Henrique Ayala , Silva‐Filho Luiz Carlos da
Published: August 2019

Organic dyes derived from phthaleins have a large number of industrial applications and can be synthesized using a Lewis acid by Friedel–Crafts acylation, followed by an addition reaction to the carbonyl compound. This work aims to investigate the use of NbCl5 as a catalyst for the acylation reaction. The behavior of the phthalein derivatives in several solvents and when subjected to different pH conditions was studied. These compounds showed a color‐changing effect depending on the pH and solvent, making them useful for applications as indicators. The phthaleins change their conformations depending on the condition of the medium. Photophysical studies of these compounds were carried out through their UV–Vis absorption spectra. Here, we show the umbrella‐like conformation change of phthalein derivatives that depend on the solvent and the pH of the medium.
Oral oyster polypeptides protect ovary against d‐galactose‐induced premature ovarian failure in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Li Yunkun , Qiu Wei , Zhang Zhi , Han Xingfa , Bu Guixian , Meng Fengyan , Kong Fanli , Cao Xiaohan , Huang Anqi , Feng Zhijiang , Li Yun , Zeng Xianyin , Du Xiaogang
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Oyster polypeptides have various biofunctions, such as anti‐cancer and anti‐oxidative stress, but whether it has the protective effects to primary ovarian failure (POF) remains poorly understand. To address this issue, daily gavage of oyster polypeptides was performed to investigate their protective effect, basing on d‐galactose‐induced POF model in C57BL/6 female mice.

RESULTS

Oyster polypeptides restored the irregular estrous cycles and the abnormal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P) levels as well as the decreased mRNA expression level of Amh that were induced by d‐galactose. The follicle development of POF mice was improved by increasing the primordial follicle ratio and decreasing the atretic follicle number after oral administration of oyster polypeptides. Moreover, in the oyster polypeptides treated mice, the total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity was significantly increased, while the malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression levels of stress‐related genes (SOD2, SIRT1 and FOXO3a) were remarkably up‐regulated after d‐galactose induction, but the up‐regulation was weakened or disappeared by the gavage of oyster polypeptides. In addition, oyster polypeptides treatment also reduced the apoptosis of the ovarian granulosa cells and down‐regulated the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis‐related genes (p53 and Bad but not Bcl‐2).

CONCLUSION

This study reveals that oyster polypeptides may protect ovary against d‐galactose‐induced POF by their anti‐oxidative stress activity to rescue d‐galactose‐induced ovarian oxidative damage and therefore to prevent ovarian cells apoptosis, thereby tipping the abnormality trigged by POF to get close to the normal levels. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A general hyperelastic‐time model for numerical prediction on rubber relaxation and experimental validation under different environments
Authors: Luo Robert K.
Published: August 2019

All the methods developed for rubber creep and relaxation are validated to specific environments for now. In general, for each new loading case and new component, a data fitting procedure has to be performed to obtain different suitable parameters. This limitation has restricted developments of the theories and their applications. This article investigates a possibility to predict the time‐dependent response from data of known conditions using the time‐dependent hyperelastic approach. A number of hypotheses are proposed for considered conditions, i.e., loading, material hardness, and different components, and are validated with experimental data using a dumbbell specimen and a typical industrial anti‐vibration product. It has been proved that the concept of effective strain is a good criterion to bridge two different rubber components for time‐dependent predictions. Hence, the application restriction of the hyperelastic‐time model is successfully lifted. For the first time, it is possible to predict, not to simulate only, rubber creep/relaxation based on known parameters. By combination with previous work on temperature effect, a general hyperelastic‐time model with multiple capabilities can be established and used to predict time‐dependent response of rubber components. It is desirable to apply this approach on more engineering cases for further verification. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2159–2168, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Therapeutic efficacy of orally administered pollen for nonallergic diseases: An umbrella review
Authors: Antonelli Michele , Donelli Davide , Firenzuoli Fabio
Published: August 2019

Pollen has been used for centuries as a tonic and a multipurpose remedy in traditional medicine. The present umbrella review aims to qualitatively assess the therapeutic efficacy of orally administered pollen in the management of nonallergic diseases. MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Articles were independently screened and selected, then quality of evidence of included studies was evaluated with a dedicated NIH tool. Retrieved evidence was critically appraised and discussed. Two hundred four articles were found and, after selection process, five systematic reviews were included in the present work, including one with a meta‐analysis. Evidence from these reviews supports the use of grass pollen extracts for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic prostatitis (CP). Additional preliminary evidence on the topic indicates the potential use of grass pollen extracts for vasomotor symptoms in women. Overall, results of the present review suggest that flower pollen extracts may be useful as a complementary remedy for the management of BPH, CP, and vasomotor symptoms. Evidence regarding bee pollen is too limited to draw any conclusion on its clinical efficacy. Further studies are needed.
Python implementation of the restrained electrostatic potential charge model
Authors: Alenaizan Asem , Burns Lori A. , Sherrill C. David
Published: August 2019

The restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) charge model is widely used in molecular dynamics simulations, especially for the AMBER and GAFF force fields. We have implemented the RESP scheme using the accessible and widely used Python language and the NumPy numerical library. This article provides a programming‐oriented introduction to the RESP scheme and highlights some of the features of NumPy that are useful in scientific computing.
Erratic coil migration in the bronchus after bronchial artery embolization
Authors: Ishikawa Hideo , Omachi Naoki , Ryuge Misaki , Takafuji Jun , Hara Masahiko
Published: August 2019

Herein, we report two cases of erratic coil migration from the bronchial artery to the bronchus after bronchial artery embolization (BAE). Neither patient exhibited haemoptysis recurrence, but chest radiographs revealed that part of the coil had disappeared. In Case 1, the patient coughed up the coil 4.5 years after BAE. We performed repeat BAE to minimize the possibility of haemoptysis considering bronchoscopic and angiographic findings. In Case 2, the patient had severe dry cough 2 years after BAE. Chest radiography showed migrated coils in the trachea; bronchoscopy revealed a migrated fragment of the coil protruding from the elevated mucosa. We used a loop cutter to split the coil and then removed it using forceps. Coil migration to the bronchus is an infrequent late‐stage complication of super‐selective bronchial artery coil embolization, and only one other case has been reported. Accordingly, we propose treatment strategies and speculate on the mechanism of fistula formation.
Barber’s Forging Scientific Practices and Theories
Authors: Hammel Tanja
Published: August 2019

This chapter highlights the Cape Colony’s role as a producer of science, rather than merely a contributor. Important ornithological practices had originally been developed in the Cape. The chapter moves on to depict the hitherto unacknowledged ornithological tradition at the Cape. Barber herself pioneered a new method of illustrating birds, which no longer made it necessary to kill them—a method that was itself influenced by Xhosa practices. She thus spearheaded a wider women-led movement pushing for a non-violent, conservationist approach to ornithology. It also shows how Barber did not only confirm Northern theories, but forged her very own. The last section discusses the naming of butterflies after Xhosa chiefs as a case of ‘visible concealing’—a concept to describe how making visible can at the same time be a method of concealment.
Correction to: An Acute General Surgical Unit (AGSU) Negates the Impact of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) Diagnostic Criteria for the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Luo Yuchen , Makepe Marang , Yim Arthur , Tacey Mark , Bird David , Hodgson Russell
Published: August 2019

The original article can be found online