bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF MINIMAL INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION(MIC) OF AZITHROMYCIN IN EXTREMELY DRUG RESISTANT (XDR)SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI IN PRE-COVID AND AFTER ONE YEAR OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Khan Shafqat , Muhammad Abid  , Asad Ahmed  , Anam Tariq  , Ayesha Bashir  , Chahat Hussain
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective: To compare the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Azithromycin in Extremely Drug Resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), Pre-COVID and after one year of  COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from May 2021 to April 2022. All XDR S. Typhi isolated during the study period were included and tested. Kirby –Bauer Disk Diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility, and Azithromycin MIC was determined by the E-strip method. The latest Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints for Azithromycin susceptibility testing were used. 

Results: A total of 384 XDR S. Typhi were included in the study. MICs of these isolates were in the ranges of 2-16ug/mL, and all were sensitive to Azithromycin as per CLSI standards. These were further compared with MICs of the pre-covid isolates. The MICs of the isolates were relatively higher as compared to pre-COVID MICs.   

Conclusion: The potential Azithromycin resistance in XDR Salmonella Typhi is knocking at the door. Sensitivity patterns should be reported with MICs values, and if possible higher values should be screened for the presence of any potential resistance genes. Antibiotic stewardship should be strictly implemented.
ANALISIS METODE INDEKS SHARPE, TREYNOR, DAN JENSEN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA PORTOFOLIO SAHAM YANG TERGABUNG DALAM JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEKS DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Savitri Aliffatul Afdillah , Elly Moh. Iskak , Hudzafidah Khusnik
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi Kinerja Portofolio Saham dengan menggunakan metode Sharpe, Treynor, dan Jensen. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui Kinerja saham  dari ke 19 sampel saham yang tergabung dalam Jakarta Islamic Indeks (JII) di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) . Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode komparatif untuk membandingkan variabel satu dengan variabel yang lain. Rancangan analisis ini mengunakan data sekunder berupa data harga saham, Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG), dan Sertifikat Bank Indonesia periode desember 2016 – mei 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rata-rata indeks dari ke 19 saham Jensen dan treynor menunjukkan hasil positif. Dari ketiga metode tersebut yang menunjukkan hasil terbaik adalah metode Jensen.
ANALISIS VALUE CHAIN DAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED JAMUR TIRAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN PADA MAHKOTA JAMUR KRAKSAAN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Shinta Dewi , Suharsono Judi , Vidiyastutik Elok Dwi
Published: May 2023

Penelitian dilakukan di Mahkota Jamur Kraksaan probolinggo dengan tujuan menganalisis Value Chain  Dan Economic Value Added Jamur Tiram Untuk  Meningkatkan  Penjualan Pada Mahkota Jamur Kraksaan Probolinggo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan variabel Value Chain, Economic Value Added, Penjualan. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Yang digunakan untuk sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan khususnya laba bersih, pajak, dan beban modal yang terdapat pada Mahkota Jamur Kraksaan Probolinggo pada tahun 2016-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas utamanya dimulai dari inbound logistic yaitu biaya tenaga kerja tidak langsung dan biaya angkut pembelian, operation yaitu tenaga kerja langsung dan biaya bahan penolong, outbound logistic yaitu pemasaran, marketing/sales yaitu biaya iklan, service yaitu biaya retur penjualan. Laba operasi bersih setelah pajak atau NOPAT tahun 2016 yaitu 316.859.796, NOPAT tahun 2017 yaitu 238.544.804, NOPAT tahun 2018 yaitu 476.671.437. Beban modal atau Chapital Charge tahun 2016 yaitu 272.446.015, Chapital Charge tahun 2017 yaitu 214.681.114, Chapital Charge tahun 2018 yaitu 424.771.148. Sehingga untuk mendapatkan EVA adalah NOPAT dikurangi Chapital Charge dan Nopat harus lebih besar dari Chapital Charge agar Nilai Tambah Ekonomis bernilai positif. Nilai Tambah Ekonomis tahun 2016 yaitu 44.413.781, Nilai Tambah Ekonomis tahun 2017 yaitu 23.863.689, Nilai Tambah Ekonomis tahun 2018 yaitu 51.900.289. Total penjualan Mahkota Jamur pada tahun 2016 sebesar 30.270 Kg, penjualan tahun 2017 sebesar 28.961 Kg, penjualan tahun 2018 sebesar 42.942 Kg
ANALISIS DAMPAK PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN MELALUI PROGRAM NASIONAL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT (PNPM)
Authors: Susanti Reni May , Haris Abdul , Pujiastutik Agustina
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengetahui Analisis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Serta Dampak Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Kecamatan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Dimana informan yang dipilih adalah masyarakat yang bisa menjawab.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Pemberdayaan adalah suatu upaya meningkatkan kemampuan dan potensi yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat sehingga mereka dapat mengaktualisasikan jati diri, hasrat dan martabatnya secara maksimal untuk bertahan dan mengembangkan diri sendiri secara mandiri. Pembangunan Ekonomi adalah usaha-usaha untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup suatu bangsa yang sering kali di ukur dengan tinggi rendahnya pendapatan riil per kapita. Kemiskinan erat kaitannya dengan ketahanan pangan karena kemiskinan menyebabkan keterbatasan untuk mengonsumsi pangan. Maka dengan adanya bantuan sosial yang berupa Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai, mampu untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan.
PENGARUH AKUNTABILITAS DAN DUE PROFESSIONAL CARE TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR BUPATI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Firdaus Muh. Royhan , Hudzafidah Khusnik , Koeshardjono R Hery
Published: May 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara akuntabilitas dan due professional care terhadap kinerja pegawai secara parsial pada Kantor Bupati Kabupaten Probolinggo. 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh akuntabilitas dan due professional care terhadap kinerja pegawai secara simultan pada Kantor Bupati Kabupaten Probolinggo. 3) Untuk mengetahui manakah diantara variabel akuntabilitas dan due professional care yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Bupati Kabupaten Probolinggo. Peneliti menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dan mengambil sampel seluruh pegawai Kantor Kepegawaian Daerah (BKD), metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji multikolinieritas, uji autokorelasi, uji heterokedastisitas, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji t. Uji t menunjukan bahwa variabel Akuntabilitas (X1) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y) dengan nilai thitung ≥ ttabel (8,225 > 1,674) (sig. 0,000 > 0.005). Variabel Due Profesional Care (X2) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y) dengan nilai thitung ≥ ttabel (2,342 > 1,674) (sig. 0,002 > 0.005).
PENGARUH RETURN ON EQUITY, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, DAN EARNING PER SHARE TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN JASA SEKTOR PERDAGANGAN ECERAN YANG TERGABUNG DALAM INDEKS KOMPAS DI BEI TAHUN 2014 – 2018
Authors: Utama Ahtia Hardi , Bahri Mohammad Saiful , Pujiastutik Agustina
Published: May 2023

This research was conducted at the Retail Trade Sector Service Companies that are incorporated in the Compass Index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 6 companies that have financial reports can be accessed in the period 2014 - 2018 with the aim to determine the effect of Return on Equity (ROE), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Earning Per Share (EPS) simultaneously and partially on the stock prices of Retail Trade Service Sector Companies that are incorporated in the Compass Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 - 2018. The results showed that there was a significant influence between Return On Equity (ROE), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Earning Per Share (EPS) simultaneously on the stock prices of Retail Trade Service Company Companies that were incorporated in the Compass Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 - 2018 with the value of Fcount (39.681)> F table (2.975) and the value of sig. F = 0,000 <0.05. There is an effect of Return On Equity (ROE), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Earning Per Share (EPS) partially on the stock price of Retail Trade Service Company Companies that are incorporated in the Compass Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 - 2018.
Book Review of Green Supply Chain Management: A Concise Introduction by Joseph Sarkis and Yijie Dou, Routledge (Taylor & Francis), New York, 2018. ISBN: 978-1-138-30281-5, 177 PP.
Authors: Rutaba Yohana Arsen
Published: May 2023

The philosophy of greening supply chains requires interrelated logistics activities and initiatives in procurement and logistics that ensure sustainable processes and designs in strategic supply chains. This book is phenomenal as it provides all the necessary issues relating to product design, processes, and associations that ensure a green supply chain for Variety Company and organizational settings. This book is capable of equipping students and practitioners with the fundamental issues of greening the supply chain. The main weakness of the book is that it failed to provide analysis on the subjects of international logistics and international trade, antidumping rules in building sustainable global supply chains, technological constraints and issues in developing countries, the role of regional economic integration in greening supply chains, inbound and outbound logistics, technologies of marketing and supply chain management synergies, "green information and communication technologies", "smart ICTs" and "sustainable ICTs", and how those are related to green supply chain management. Nevertheless, the book is resourceful for university educators, researchers, and students. The book is also a useful tool for operations management researchers and policymakers at local and global levels. This book review is important as it helps readers understand what is captured in the book and decide whether to read it or not.
Statistical analysis of observations of polar stratospheric clouds with a lidar in Kiruna, northern Sweden
Authors: Voelger Peter , Dalin Peter
Published: May 2023

Abstract. In the present paper, we analyse 11 years of lidar measurements to
derive general characteristics of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs)
and to examine how mountain lee waves influence PSC properties.
Measurements of PSCs were made with a backscatter lidar located in
Kiruna, northern Sweden, in the lee of the Scandinavian mountain
range. The statistical analysis demonstrates that nearly half of all
observed PSCs consisted of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles,
while ice clouds accounted for only a small fraction, and the
remainder consisted of supercooled ternary solution (STS) and
mixtures of different compositions. Most PSCs were observed around
22 km altitude. Mountain lee
waves provide a distinct influence on PSC chemical composition and
cloud height distribution. Ice PSCs were about 5 times as frequent,
and NAT clouds were about half as frequent under wave conditions.
PSCs were on average at 2 km higher altitudes when under the
influence of mountain lee waves.
Critical Creativity
Authors: Bell Sophie
Published: May 2023

This is the introduction to Issue 125, which honors Radical Teacher editorial board member Saul Slapikoff and explores the theme of critical creativity in his work and other essays that appear in the issue.
Power Relations and Experiential Education: Facilitating Conscientization in the Humanities
Authors: Hengel Daniel
Published: May 2023

This article discusses the value of experiential education in the Humanities as a way to foster conscientization in the classroom. It begins by briefly introducing experiential education and its relationship to critical pedagogy, before detailing one way the author employs experiential learning in the classroom through a semester-long, multi-modal, digital project the author calls, “Power Relations: The New York City Experience.”
Disrupting Data: Developing Technology Integrated Assignments to Teach about Race and Racism
Authors: Rosa Vanessa , Pinto Caro
Published: May 2023

Drawing on the lineage of liberatory pedagogy and critical information literacy, Professor Vanessa Rosa and research librarian Caro Pinto created the Disrupting Data Project. While teaching about race and inequality in higher education can be a challenging endeavor, Disrupting Data allowed the authors to encourage students to both think critically about the role of “data” in the history of race science alongside the perceived value of data science, data visualization, and data-driven decision making to challenge the notion that data is neutral or objective. This reflective essay focuses on the collaborative development process, different possibilities for engaging with students about the histories of race and racism, as well as the importance of creating and supporting collaborative learning spaces. The authors shed light on how equitable and collaborative partnerships can decenter hierarchies and positivist learning frameworks in higher education within the United States.
The Physical and Physiological Match-Play Locomotor Activity Profiles of Elite Domestic Male Field Hockey
Authors: Noblett Hayley , Hudson Sean , Killey Jenny , Fish Michael
Published: May 2023

A new four-quarter match format in field hockey has meant that the locomotor activity profiles of the sport are inconsistent with the literature. The aim of this investigation was to identify the physical and physiological demands of national-level male hockey players. Thirty-two male players participated in the study. Participants were monitored with GPS and heart rate monitors. Variables analysed were total time, total distance (m), relative total distance (m.min-1), total distance in velocity bands (m), and activity intensity (m.min-1). Mean and maximum heart rate were calculated as well as total time and percentage time spent in heart rate zones relative to HRmax. Players spent 52 ± 11 min in play. The total distance covered was 5986 ± 1105 m (116 ± 12 m.min-1) with 21.4 ± 6.8 m.min-1 of high intensity activity. Defenders covered the lowest relative total distance (p < 0.001) and attackers the highest (p < 0.001). Relative total distance in Q4 was 5% lower than in Q1and Q2 (p < 0.05) with moderate intensity exercise (8.1-15.5 km.h-1) being 11% lower in Q4 compared to Q1 and Q2. The mean HR and HRmax of players were 167 ± 10 and 194 ± 11 bpm respectively. Players had a lower mean HR in Q3 (164bpm) and Q4 (164bpm) compared to Q1 (169bpm) and Q2 (168bpm; p < 0.001). The current study provides novel data outlining the physical and physiological activity profiles of national-level male field hockey players across playing positions as well as quarters of play. The results highlight a need to consider positional differences when implementing a training programme for players at national level.
Hacia prácticas artísticas de mediación en contextos sociales
Authors: García-Huidobro-Munita Rosario , Freire-Smith Marla
Published: May 2023

Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados de la investigación titulada Prácticas artísticas de mediación con comunidades: desafíos para expandir el rol social de las artes en Chile, financiada por la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, que indaga en las prácticas artísticas de mediación expandidas (PAMEX) desarrolladas en Chile, para evidenciar sus aportes al ámbito artístico y social. A través de una metodología cualitativa centrada en el estudio de casos de artistas y colectivos de artes chilenos, se analizan distintas prácticas artísticas de mediación desarrolladas con comunidades, reconociéndolas como un fenómeno contemporáneo de las artes que se expande para dialogar con lo social, político y territorial en Chile. Se analizan doce proyectos artísticos de enfoque colaborativo realizados en diversas regiones del país y se demuestra que las artes son una herramienta y aporte para abordar problemáticas socioculturales. Asimismo, se identifican ocho características de las prácticas artísticas que permiten proponer al concepto de PAMEX como intra-acciones experienciales, procesuales, flexibles, reflexivas y colaborativas, poniendo el sentido en la necesidad de la comunidad, más que en la producción artística con autoría. En los resultados se ejemplifica la intra-acción de estas características en cuatro proyectos analizados.
Entre expectativas e incertidumbres: funcionarios y oficiales del Ejército Español en Río de Janeiro durante el Trienio Liberal
Authors: Caula Elsa
Published: May 2023

La intención de este artículo es estudiar el accionar de los funcionarios y militares de los ejércitos españoles leales a Fernando VII forzados a desplazarse de un sitio a otro o huyendo de los presidios insurgentes para reintegrarse en sus puestos al servicio de la monarquía española durante el Trienio Liberal. Historizar la situación de incertidumbre y desamparo vivida por los que se quedaron varados en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro luego de frustrarse la empresa de reconquista del Río de la Plata organizada por la corona española y, a continuación, por el cierre de la embajada española en Río de Janeiro. Comprender los mecanismos institucionales utilizados para resolver su situación personal o colectiva y las alternativas que se abrieron en la coyuntura en que las Cortes del Trienio Liberal levantaban las banderas de “la pacificación de las Américas”, a partir del envío de comisionados regios para entablar negociaciones de paz con el gobierno de Buenos Aires. Mostrar las ventajas de recurrir al “análisis relacional” para observar el rol desempeñado por el plenipotenciario español como articulador de los leales fernandinos a escala de monarquía.
A emergência da ética na educação filosófica de professores de Química: uma análise curricular de Licenciaturas no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Garcia Mariana da Silva , Sousa Robson Simplicio de
Published: May 2023

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, um estudo acerca da formação filosófico de professores de Química no Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa baseia-se na Filosofia da Educação em Ciências, que articula Filosofia, Filosofia da Educação e Filosofia da Ciência. Analisam-se os componentes curriculares dos cursos com habilitação em Química das Universidades e dos Institutos Federais e das Universidades Estaduais. Instigados pela pergunta: Que educação filosófica se mostra na formação de professores de Química no Estado do Paraná?, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica nas ementas dos cursos de Licenciatura. Utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva para analisá-las. Surgiu como uma das categorias finais a emergência da ética na formação filosófica de professores de Química. Identificou-se que a ética se mostra vinculada à Filosofia e à Filosofia da Ciência, envolvendo problemas éticos e a Ética profissional na Química. Na Filosofia da Educação, a ética se mostra nas relações sociais, de cidadania e nas relações educacionais e profissionais.
Nuclear verdicts, tort liability, and legislative responses
Authors: McCullough Kathleen , Marzen Chad , Cole Cassandra
Published: May 2023

The size of punitive damage awards has grown considerably over the years, giving rise to what has been termed “nuclear verdicts.” Such large dollar verdicts can have several adverse effects on companies, such as limited innovation, high out-of-pocket claims-related expenses, increased insurance premiums, and bankruptcy in severe cases. This article reviews the growth of nuclear verdicts, examines the details of some key cases that have resulted in large damage awards, and identifies some reasons for these verdicts. The impact of nuclear verdicts and the actions that are being taken to mitigate such verdicts, with a focus on legal strategies and state legislative activity, are also discussed.
Morphogenetical transition between the genera Neuropteris (Brongniart) and Reticulopteris Gothan in Dobrudža Coal basin
Authors: Tenchov Yanaki , Popov Anton
Published: May 2023

Neuropteris obliqua (Brongniart), N. semireticulata Josten and Reticulopteris münsteri (Eichwald) from Dobrudia Coal Basin are described and illustrated. The transition from feather veining (genus Neuropteris) to a reticulated one (genus Reticulopteris) occurred here at the beginning of WestphalianC. A time correlation of these transitions and of the appearance-disappearance events of the species, discussed above, in the basins where they have been established to coexist – Ruhr, Nord et Pas-de-Calais. Campigne, Charlesle-Roi and Dobrudza - is made.
Physiological and performance effects of high-intensity interval training in tennis players: a systematic review
Authors: Durmuş Durukan , Ödemiş Hasan , Söğüt Mustafa
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this systematic review was to overview the physiological and performance effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in tennis players. Searches for this review were performed by using four electronic databases: Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus with Full-Text, and PubMed. Intervention studies investigating the effects of HIIT on tennis players were searched from inception to December 29th, 2021. Seven studies met all of the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The findings revealed that tennis players who participated in HIIT interventions had improved their aerobic capacity and tennis performance. Fluctuating results were reported for agility, sprint, and jump performances. In conclusion, the results of the review may suggest that HIIT is more beneficial for tennis players to achieve improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and technical abilities regardless of age, gender, and competitive level.
Peut-on bénéficier d’une pratique en imagerie motrice quand on a des difficultés à s’imaginer servir ?
Authors: Robin Nicolas , Carien Robbin , Dominique Laurent
Published: May 2023

L’objectif de cette étude était de tester si la capacité d’imagerie (i.e., facilité ou difficulté à créer, dans sa tête, des images mentales claires et vives) pouvait influencer la vitesse d’apprentissage du service chez des joueurs de tennis débutants lorsque ces derniers bénéficiaient d’une pratique en imagerie motrice (IM) combinée à la pratique réelle pendant leurs séances d’entrainements. Les résultats de cette expérience mettent en évidence une amélioration de la vitesse et du pourcentage de réussite (mesurés avec une tablette équipée du logiciel Swingvision) et de la qualité des services (évaluée par des entraineurs de tennis experts) des participants qui réalisaient une pratique en IM avant de servir. De plus, les résultats montrent que bien que les joueurs qui avaient des difficultés à s’imaginer servir ont obtenu des performances inférieures à celles des joueurs qui réalisaient facilement l’IM, au bout de 10 séances, leurs performances étaient similaires après 20 séances de pratique. Servir étant une habileté motrice complexe, nous recommandons aux coaches et entraineurs d’avoir recours à l’IM, en complément de la pratique réelle, même en cas de difficulté des joueurs à générer et à utiliser des images mentales : il s’agira alors d’augmenter leur quantité de pratique.
Drivers of Green Procurement Eco-Innovation and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Makheti Belinda Chesoli , Osoro Anthony
Published: May 2023

The study is aimed at exploring drivers of Green Procurement eco-innovation and performance of manufacturing firms in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to evaluate the effect of reverse logistics on performance of manufacturing firms in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya, and to find out the effect of supplier selection on performance of manufacturing firms in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The study was anchored on stakeholder theory, Institutional theory. The study adopted descriptive Research Design while adopting a census method for data collection. The target population in this study was 200 respondents from manufacturing firms in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The research instrument used was a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed with the help of statistical package for social science version 26, Correlation and regression analysis tools were used establishing the relationship between the variables. The F-test (F=10.0449) which was greater than the critical value. The F-test indicated an overall statistically significant model with reverse logistics explained 59.1% (t~1.350); and supplier selection explained 64.2% (t~2.191). The findings therefore revealed statistically significant regression effect among the variables. The study was significant to both the leadership of Trans Nzoia County and management of the manufacturing firms and other firms in the county, procurement fraternity, and academicians in general. The study recommended that a replica of the study be performed in other counties for the manufacturing firms to determine whether the same variables derived from this study affects performance of manufacturers.

Keywords: [Eco-innovation, Environmental laws, Green Procurement, Reverse Logistics]
Semantic Signs of Discourse
Authors: Gojayeva Khatira Avaz
Published: May 2023

The article deals the semantic signs of discourse. It states that since the beginning of the 20th century, the concept called discourse has attracted wide attention and is beginning to be studied. Discourse is widely studied in linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, and various fields. The study of discourse attracts the attention of linguists when they want to study and study a language unit different from the text.
The term discourse is widely used, and its widespread use in linguistics literature has been referred to by linguists as ‘discourse revolution’.
The semantic signs of the discourse are widely studied in both foreign and local linguistics. Linguists conducting research in this field include D. Cristal, T.A. van Dijk, , D. Shifrin, Y. Stepanov, V. Makarov, V. Karasik, V. Borbotko, K. M. Abdullayev, F. Y. Veysalli, A. Y. Mammadov, A. A. Abdullayev and others can be mentioned.
For a long time there was a debate about whether the terms text and discourse are the same. Although some consider them to be the same, others claim that they are completely different. Note that our position is that the terms discourse and text have different meanings. If we compare them, we can determine the differences between them as follows: there are linguistic and extralinguistic differences between them; while the text has its own borders and its own frame, the discourse also has its own scope and places of use.
The semantic signs of the discourse have been fully analyzed in the article. Eventuality is a content element of the discourse dedicated to a certain event. It is more open in the Internet discourse, because the author is more involved in the event in various forms.
The article highlights the importance of semantic signs of the discourse. Continuity together with non-discreteness and dynamism are relevant properties of discourse.

Keywords: discourse, semantic, sign, continuity, relevance, mental, communication
Analysis of the Effects of Infrastructure and Human Capital on the Economic Growth in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Gorby Siregar Fatah Baginda , . Sirojuzilam , Tarmizi HB
Published: May 2023

The objective of the research was to examine and analyze effects of road infrastructure, health infrastructure, Human Development Index (HDI) and labor force on the economic growth in North Sumatera Province. In model equation, economic growth was regarded as dependent variable while roads, health infrastructure, HDI and labor force are independent variables. The scope of this research was the statistical data of North Sumatera Province in 1992-2021. The technique analysis in this research used partial and simultaneous test with SPSS 26. The result of this research indicates that roads, health infrastructure, HDI, labor force had significant and simultaneous effect on the economic growth. Partially, it was indicated that road infrastructure, had positive and significant effects on the economic growth. Health infrastructure had positive and significant effects on the economic growth. HDI had positive and significant effects on the economic growth, labor force had positive and significant effects on the economic growth in North Sumatera Province.

Keywords: Human Capital, HDI, Road Infrastructure, Health Infrastructure, Economic Growth, Labor Force.
An Observational Study to Evaluate the Prescribing Pattern of Analgesics in Post Operative Patient in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kanjamala Clint Joe , Sami Hafsa , Y Sandhya
Published: May 2023

Background: Effective pain management is negatively influenced by inadequate evaluation of postoperative pain. To increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce medication side effects, the regular assessment of medication use enables appropriate and rational adaptations to be made to present prescribing patterns.
Objective: To identify the Prescribing pattern of analgesics in postoperative patients.
Materials and Methods: A prospective Observational Study was conducted for a period of 6 months by analyzing case sheets of patients those who have undergone surgery in orthopedics and general surgery departments. The data regarding prescription of analgesics, preferred route of administration and mono/multi drug therapy were collected.
Results: Paracetamol (39.7%) was the most frequently prescribed analgesics followed by tramadol (38.2%) in general surgery and diclofenac (29.8%) was the commonly prescribed analgesic followed by paracetamol (27%) in orthopaedics through parenteral routes.
Conclusion: Postoperative pain can be managed with NSAIDs such as paracetamol, diclofenac and combination of non-opioids and weak opioids such as tramadol. The intensity of pain in post-operative period after treatment with analgesics was severe to mild as per the NRS.

Keywords: Analgesics, Post-operative pain, Prescription pattern, General surgery, Orthopedics
Qualidades fisiológicas de sementes de Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl. Armazenadas em diferentes embalagens e ambientes.
Authors:   , Silva dos Santos Danilo
Published: May 2023

O Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl. pertence à família Anacardiaceae, nativa do Brasil, possui grande potencial socioeconômico, sua exploração intensa e predatória, tem acarretado a diminuição de sua população no meio natural, sendo assim, o armazenamento de sua principal unidade de propagação é de extrema necessidade. Portanto, esse trabalho objetivou estudar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de A. urundeuva durante o armazenamento em diferentes embalagens e ambientes. A pesquisa ocorreu no ano 2019 a 2020 e foi conduzida nos espaços do Laboratório de Ecologia e Botânica (LAEB) e no Laboratório de tecnologia de Sementes, localizados no Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (CDSA/UFCG), campus Sumé-PB. As sementes foram colhidas de matrizes adultas localizadas no município de Camalaú-PB e levadas para o laboratório, onde foram homogeneizadas, e acondicionadas em diferentes embalagens (saco de papel do tipo Kraft, vidro e embalagem plástica) e armazenadas em ambientes de laboratório (sem controle da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar) e frezzer (condições controladas de temperatura e umidade), por um período de sete meses. Em cada mês de armazenamento foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: teor de água, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. Assim, foi possível verificar que, durante o armazenamento, os ambientes e embalagens influenciaram na diminuição do vigor das sementes, onde a redução foi mais acentuada quando as sementes estavam acondicionadas em embalagem de papel em ambiente de laboratório, aumentando a velocidade da sua deterioração. Porém, o acondicionamento em embalagem de vidro e/ou PET em ambiente de laboratório e freezer, pode conservar sementes desta espécie por um período de 180 dias, promovendo a manutenção do vigor das mesmas. Já o acondicionamento em embalagem de papel não se mostrou eficiente, pois proporcionou perdas significativas das variáveis utilizadas para caracterizar a manutenção da qualidade fisiológica das sementes nos diferentes ambientes.
Solos: Concepções e práticas pedagógicas dos professores de Ciências e Geografia de escolas do campo, do município de Sumé/PB
Authors:   , Vasconcelos dos Santos Viviane
Published: May 2023

O solo sustenta a vida na Terra e seus conceitos precisam ser considerados desde a formação inicial de todas as pessoas, de maneira ampla e significativa de modo a gerar mudança de atitudes e a apropriação de um forte senso de identificação e responsabilidade em relação a sua conservação e proteção. O trabalho objetivou analisar como os professores do ensino fundamental das escolas do campo do município de Sumé-PB percebem o solo, a importância de trabalhar esses conteúdos e como os mesmos estão inseridos no plano pedagógico destes docentes e quais as estratégias usadas para sensibilizar os educandos sobre a importância de conhecer e cuidar do solo. Para tanto, foi elaborado um estudo de percepção a partir de um questionário enviado via Plataforma Google Forms aos professores da rede municipal, após consulta preliminar via e-mail. A análise possibilitou verificar que a percepção dos professores sobre o solo ainda carece de mais aprofundamento com capacitações na área, que a inserção dos conteúdos do solo para promover e facilitar a aprendizagem é importante, e que a utilização de estratégias para dinamizar as aulas e motivar os educandos encontra respaldo nas ações extensionistas da universidade. Além disso consideram a abordagem do tema solos nos livros didáticos de Geografia e Ciências inadequada e descontextualizada e fizeram referência às atividades de Educação em Solos a partir das ações extensionistas do Projeto Solo na Escola/UFCG, situando-as como um importante veículo para popularizar o conhecimento do solo, que deve ser compreendido como elemento integrador da paisagem e componente essencial dos diferentes ecossistemas terrestres, fundamental para a sobrevivência humana, pelos inúmeros serviços ecossistêmicos que promove para a segurança alimentar e bem estar da coletividade humana.
Percepção sobre plantas medicinais na comunidade do Riacho do Algodão no Município do Congo - PB.
Authors:   , Bezerra Cavalcante Lindinalva
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo da etnobotânica das plantas medicinais com moradores da comunidade Riacho do Algodão, no município do Congo-PB. Para isso foi aplicado o seguinte questionário: Conhecimento popular, Usos das plantas, Partes das plantas, Seus cultivos, resultados obtidos pelas plantas, Partes das plantas utilizadas, Métodos de preparo e usos dos fitoterápicos, Número citados das plantas conhecida, Preferência por fitoterápicos ou fármacos e Nomes das plantas conhecidas pelos mesmos. Os dados foram coletados no mês de abril de 2019, com base em um questionário semiestruturado, aplicado aos quinze moradores da comunidade Riacho do Algodão, na faixa etária entre 29 a 80 anos com intuito de analisar a relevância das plantas medicinais, usos e benefícios relatados por cada entrevistado. Porém entrevistou-se 13 do sexo feminino e 2 do sexo masculino. Quanto ao o uso das plantas medicinais para fins terapêuticos nas comunidades estudadas, 14 moradores fazem uso de plantas medicinais para fins terapêuticos, e afirmam ter plantas medicinais em suas residências. Entre as indicações terapêuticas citadas pelos moradores das comunidades destacam-se: Cicatrização, Alívio de tosse, Calmante, Inflamação da garganta, Pélvica e Alivio de gripe. Das 26 famílias catalogadas, as que apresentam mais números de espécies foram as Lamiaceae (05) e Fabaceae (04). No entanto observou-se que mesmo os moradores tendo acesso aos fármacos, ainda continuam com concepção firme com sua tradição em cultivar suas plantas medicinais e dar preferência aos fitoterápicos. Diante desses relatos Etnobotanicos seria interessante dar ênfase e difundir esses conhecimentos as futuras gerações.
Análise sobre práticas agroecológicas com jovens do município de Livramento - PB.
Authors:   , Alves da Silva Maria de Fátima
Published: May 2023

A utilização de práticas agroecológicas através de espaços de intervivência pode ser considerada uma ferramenta que busca despertar a consciência crítica na utilização de técnicas que promova a conservação dos recursos naturais promovendo equilíbrio ambiental. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a percepção dos jovens do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental no município de Livramento-PB, a respeito do tema educação ambiental e agroecologia. A pesquisa foi executada durante o mês de fevereiro de 2022, na Escola Municipal Maria Salomé de Almeida, no município de Livramento-Paraíba. O público alvo da pesquisa foi composto por alunos da turma do oitavo ano, com faixa etária entre 13 a 17 anos, totalizando 22 alunos. Verifica-se com os resultados obtidos que a maioria dos jovens possuía conhecimento sobre os temas questionados o que pode está relacionado, pela maior vivência do campo, dentro do ambiente escolar, tendo em vista que os alunos moram na zona rural, sendo considerada de grande importância à realização de atividades pedagógicas tendo como tema mediador a agroecologia e educação ambiental, possibilitando transformações saudáveis na escola e na população. Assim, é importante a articulação de ações educativas voltadas para a conservação do meio ambiente e a escola é o espaço mais indicado e privilegiado para implementação dessas atividades, pois é na escola o principal núcleo de difusão de conhecimento.
Práticas extensionistas na Agroecologia para Agropecuária.
Authors:   , Brito Ferreira Beatriz
Published: May 2023

Objetivou-se disseminar e demonstrar práticas de metodologias ativas aplicadas a extensão rural dentro de uma ótica agroecológica. As práticas como: Demonstrar a aplicação de técnicas sustentáveis de produção e conservação de forragem; Ressaltar a importância da utilização da adubação nitrogenada; Fomentar a importância do uso do biodigestor como forma sustentável de produção de energia; Demonstração dos métodos utilizados para avaliação do experimento no setor de forragicultura; Orientar os pecuaristas sobre o método de McMaster para a contagem de ovos de parasitas gatrintestinais por grama de fezes – OPG; Demonstrar e salientar a importância do método famacha; Orientar o passo a passo de como fazer os biofertilizantes. Foram descritos o passo a passo de cada manejo desde os materiais necessários até o intervalo de tempo básico para o preparo de cada um destes.
The Correlation Between Students’ Vocabulary Mastery And Speaking Ability of Eight-Grade Students at MTs Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura
Authors: Ardian Krishna , Muta’ali S H Rachma , Alandalousiyyah Balielah , Edi Suprayetno
Published: May 2023

In an era of increasingly advanced globalization, the ability to speak English is essential to keep up with the changing times. This study was to analyze the correlation between students' vocabulary mastery and speaking skills of grade eight students at MTs Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura. The sample of this study was 15 students of class VIII B which were taken by using a purposive sampling technique. This study was a correlational method in a quantitative design by using correlation statistical tests to describe and measure between two or more variables. The Correlation Product Moment formula using SPSS was used to determine if there is a correlation and degree of correlation between English vocabulary mastery and speaking skills. From the data analysis it was found that there was a correlation between vocabulary mastery and speaking skill of grade eight students of MTs Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura with the level correlation value was 0,559 or 55,90 % or on the level of “Fair” Correlation.

Keywords: Vocabulary Mastery;  Speaking Skill
Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation Errors of Grade IX Students of MTs Harapan Jasa Langkat
Authors: Annisa Sevia Putri  , Melinda Nata Sari  , Rizka Dwi Fani  , Sylfana Ryan Mulia  , Supriadi
Published: May 2023

This research aims to observe pronunciation errors and vowels of Grade IX students of MTs Harapan Jasa Makmur. Based on the observation, the writer noted that the students had difficulty differentiating English vowels. The type of this research was a qualitative method, which is descriptive and tends to use analysis and it was in the form of words instead of numbers. In this study, the main data collection techniques were participant observation, in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and a combination of the three or triangulation. The author chose class IX containing 7 students to be sampled in his research. The authors ran several tests that they spoke and recorded each word. after our research, it turns out that there were still many students who can't pronounce English enough. Around 50% of students are lacking in English pronunciation and the teacher's solution was by giving repetition and repeating the material that has been studied, especially English pronunciation.

Key Words: Vowel Sound,  Pronunciation Errors
Chemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Chlorella sp. in Culture
Authors: TOK Kenan Can , ERBİL Gökhun Çağatay , YAYLA Şeyda , KIYMACI Merve Eylül , HÜRKUL Muhammed Mesud
Published: May 2023

In this study, the antibacterial activity of methanol and acetone extracts of Chlorella sp. was examined. The chemical contents of the extracts were clarified by GC/MS analysis. Antibacterial activity of Chlorella sp. extracts was determined as a minimum inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution method against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. It was found that methanol and acetone extracts of Chlorella sp. showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis ATCC 6633 (625 µg/ml and 1250 µg/ml, respectively), E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (>5000 µg/ml and 1250 µg/ml, respectively), E. coli ATCC 25922 (>5000 µg/ml), P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (>5000 µg/ml), S. aureus ATCC 29213 (2500 µg/ml) at the specified concentrations. In the chemical analysis of the extracts, it was determined that the fatty acids were in high amounts, 33.22% and 40.41%, respectively, in the methanol and acetone extracts. Among the alternative methods to show activity against pathogenic microorganisms, algae can be a good natural resource. This study showed that Chlorella sp. contains high fatty acids and has potential as an antibacterial agent of natural origin.
Some Biological Activities of Different Parts of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Authors: ÖKSÜZ Zehra , GÜZEL Sevda
Published: May 2023

In this study, it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial, antibiofilm activities and synergistic effects of ethanol extracts obtained from above-ground, root, seed and seed coat of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medic. Antimicrobial activity was performed against 7 bacterial and 3 fungal standard strains by microdilution method and minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) were determined. The crystal violet method was applied to determine the prevention of biofilm formation and inhibition of preformed biofilm activities on P. aeruginosa biofilm. In addition, the synergistic effects of aerial part and seed extracts against both E. coli and E. faecalis were examined by the microdilution checkerboard method. According to the antimicrobial test results tested extracts had moderate to low efficacy against studied bacterial and yeast strains. The synergy test showed that the aerial and seed extracts had additive effect against both E. coli and E. faecalis. The extracts also showed the potential to inhibit biofilm formation and inhibit preformed biofilms. Root and seed pod extracts showed the strongest antibiofilm activity, while the aerial part extract was the weakest. In conclusion, our results prove that the tested extracts, especially obtained from root and seed pods and used in the treatment of many diseases, have potential in terms of antibiofilm activity. The literature search indicated that the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of V. hirundinaria was evaluated for the first time in the current study, therefore; our findings provide important preliminary data to the literature in terms of antibiofilm activity of V. hirundinaria
Same but different. Incidental and symptomatic lower grade gliomas show differences in molecular features and survival
Authors: Freyschlag Christian , Demetz Matthias , Krigers Aleksandrs
Published: May 2023

Join Dr. Randy D'Amico and Dr. Jason Sheehan from the Journal of Neuro-Oncology for a conversation with Dr. Christian F. Freyschlag, Dr. Matthias Demetz and Dr. Aleksandrs Krigers, PhD from the Medical University of Innsbruck about their recent journal article on incidental and symptomatic lower grade gliomas and how they show differences in molecular features and survival.
Ptolemy’s Almagest and the translation of diagrams in the twelfth-century Mediterranean
Authors: Reich Robin S.
Published: May 2023

In this seminar *Notes and Records* editor, Professor Anna Marie Roos will interview Dr Robin S. Reich about her *Notes and Records* prize winning essay 'Ptolemy's Almagest and the translation of diagrams'.

Mathaematikae Syntaxis of Claudius Ptolemy, written in the second century, was one of the most influential texts for medieval astronomy. Originally written in Greek and subsequently available in Arabic, this text, known as the Almagest throughout the Middle Ages, was translated into Latin for the fist time in the twelfth century in Sicily, and then again 75 years later in Toledo. Both the translators of these two versions and modern scholars have claimed that the text was translated into Latin twice because meaningful differences existed between the Greek version that was the source of the Sicilian translation and the Arabic that was the source of the Toledan. The implication is that these two different lineages yielded two different traditions of the Almagest in Latin. Alongside the text, many versions of this work include extensive diagrams. This essay considers how the transmission of the Almagest across languages is reflected in these diagrams. It argues that the consistency of the diagrams across different versions of the text reveals a more interconnected transmission with greater communication across languages than is otherwise indicated by the translation of the text. This discussion relies on a deep consideration of the role of diagrams in scientific texts, and has implications for how we understand the impact of translation on the preservation of complex scientific concepts.