bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-driven microbial sequencing analysis for hydrogen storage in the Maari reservoir
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Qasim Abdulaziz , Shehri Abdallah Al , Yousef Ali
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen storage in subsurface reservoirs has been of great interest in order to overcome seasonal demand and supply discrepancies. Hydrogen is a good energy carrier, whose combustion process solely leads to energy and water as output and can be utilized as an energy storage carrier. Hydrogen’s high energy density can be very beneficial as a reactant for several chemical processes. Given the growing utilization of hydrogen for supporting the energy transition, hydrogen can be stored in various ways, such as metal tanks and in underground subsurface environments. Furthermore, hydrogen may be stored in the form of a mixture of natural gas, materials and in deep geological structures. Underground natural gas storage has been conducted for a long time in porous rock formations and salt caverns and given the massive amounts of hydrogen that have to be stored, subsurface hydrogen storage has been of significant interest. Given the limited experience for underground hydrogen storage and most of the hydrogen storage experience has been in salt caverns. We have developed a data-driven framework for the analysis of microbial effects on subsurface hydrogen storage. The framework integrates 16S rRNA sequencing data from subsurface hydrogen storage sites to analyze their composition and deduce potential effects on the hydrogen productivity from the reservoir. The framework was evaluated on a simulated Maari subsurface hydrogen storage and exhibited strong classification performance and prediction of estimated hydrogen recovery from the subsurface environment.
Population genetic structure of the exotic smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora and its invasion into Korean coasts
Authors: Muhammad Buhari Lawan , Lee Kanghyun , Yoon Wonduk , Chae Jinho , Ki Jang-Seu
Published: October 2023

The smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel, is an aggressive invasive species that causes a significant negative impact on coastal ecosystems worldwide. The species is native to the eastern United States, but has spread rapidly along East Asian coasts and was unintentionally introduced into Korea, leading to the devastation of native ecosystems. Here, we examined the population genetic structure and invasion pathway of S. alterniflora along Korean coasts using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Our results revealed that the S. alterniflora population in Korea has a strong genetic structure, primarily consisting of two geographically isolated haplotypes (C1 and C4). Furthermore, two individuals were found to have haplotype N, which might be a newly discovered haplotype in this study. The haplotypes C1 and C4 are widely distributed in the native population as well as in the introduced population in East Asia. Thus, the presence of these two haplotypes in different localities in Korea suggests multiple invasion events. Comparisons of the cpDNA data of this study with the available GenBank data from the native range in the U.S. and the invasive range in East Asia (China and Japan) revealed that the East Asian population (China, Japan, and Korea) is nearly homogeneous (AMOVA; Fst = 0.06871, p = 0.5) with no restricted gene flow. Our study suggests that the C1 and C4 haplotypes might have been introduced into Korea multiple times particularly from China, possibly via natural dispersal or transport vectors. These emphasize the importance of strengthening coastal management to prevent further spread.
The clinical trial of alternative Relugolix administration for uterine leiomyoma prior to surgically treatment: a study protocol for Non-Adverse Relugolix Administration (NARA) trial
Authors: Kawahara Naoki , Kawaguchi Ryuji , Yamamoto Konosuke , Nishikawa Kyohei , Matsuoka Motoki , Maehana Tomoka , Fukui Yosuke , Yamanaka Shoichiro , Sugimoto Sumire , Iwai Kana , Yamada Yuki , Kurakami Hiroyuki , Hirata Takumi , Takashima Ryuzo , Suzuki Shota , Asada Kiyoshi , Kasahara Masato , Kimura Fuminori
Published: October 2023

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are common for reproductive-aged women and affect women’s quality of life due to heavy menstrual bleeding or dysmenorrhea. Leiomyomas grow according to estradiol exposure and decrease after post-menopause. In case serious symptoms are caused by leiomyomas, pharmacotherapy or surgical treatment is proposed. Prior to surgical treatment, pharmacotherapies aimed at reduction of leiomyoma and uterine volume or improvement of anemia are introduced to conduct minimum invasive surgery(i.e., to reduce blood loss or surgical duration). Recently relugolix(40mg orally once daily) as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist has proved its sufficient efficacy in suppressing estradiol levels without the transient estradiol flare-up compared with GnRH agonist. However long-term administration should not be permitted liable to for climacteric disorder or osteoporosis. And evidence is lacking on the actual efficacy and extent of adverse effects of the every other day dosing regimen. This trial aimed to prove non-inferiority in volume reduction effect on leiomyoma and safety(i.e., reduction of adverse effects) by every other day administration after two months of everyday administration compared to daily administration throughout the duration.
Methods: A minimization adaptive randomized control trial(RCT) will be conducted. Patients(over 20 years old) harboring leiomyoma who will be undergoing surgical treatment will be invited to participate. Patients who are enrolled in the intervention group will receive every other day administration for 16 weeks after eight weeks of daily administration. Patients who are enrolled in the control group will receive daily throughout the 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the leiomyoma volume change rate and the secondary endpoints are the change rate of uterine volume, the occurrence of the climacteric disorder, genital bleeding days, change rate of serum hormone or bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density after 24 weeks compared to before administration.
Discussion: This study will aim to prove both the non-inferiority in leiomyoma volume reduction and superiority in adverse effects occurrence reduction, which will provide a novel method to escape adverse effects with maintaining the effect of leiomyoma reduction.
Trial registration: jRCTs051230078, registered 26 July 2023.
Development of Pseudosacral Cyst Following Surgery for Primary Presacral Neuroendocrine Tumors with Liver Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: jian Li , Wang Youheng , yu hao , ding zhao , Wan Songlin , li daojiang , qian qun
Published: October 2023

Introduction:Presacral neuroendocrine tumors (PSNET) are a rare disease that currently lacks a standardized treatment approach. In this report, we present a unique case of PSNET with liver metastasis that progressed into a pseudosacral cyst following complete surgical resection and Sulfatinib treatment with radiofrequency ablation.case summary: A 49-year-old woman presented to our department with hematochezia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a presacral mass with liver metastasis. We performed a complete resection of the mass through a transperineal approach and a terminal ileostomy. Postoperative pathology confirmed a G2 neuroendocrine tumor. After multidisciplinary consultation, the patient received targeted treatment with Sulfatinib and underwent radiofrequency ablation of the liver tumors using fluorescence laparoscopy. Six months later, the patient developed an anterior sacral pseudocyst, which required surgical intervention.Conclusion:Before undergoing surgical treatment for presacral neuroendocrinology, it is important to consider the potential risks of poor healing of the presacral incision and formation of pseudocysts. These complications may be caused by various factors, including the procedure itself and the use of targeted drugs.
Enhanced Antitumor Effects of Thymoquinone in Combination with Paclitaxel on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines: Role of P53 Modulation
Authors: Habib Tito N.
Published: October 2023

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal disease with a limited response to chemotherapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and drug resistance in HCC is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This study focuses on two widely used HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SNU-449, to investigate the combination treatment of paclitaxel (PTX) and thymoquinone (TQ). PTXis a potent chemotherapeutic agent that stabilizes microtubule structure and induces cell cycle arrest, but resistance remains challenging. TQ has shown promising anticancer effects.
Methods: The antitumor effects of mono- and combined drug treatments were assessed in HepG2 and SNU-449 cell lines, including cell viability, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.
Results: The combination treatment synergistically enhanced the antitumor effects of PTX and TQ. It significantly reduced viable cell numbers, increased caspase-3 activation, and elevated annexin V staining. Interestingly, the combination induced differential cell cycle arrest patterns, with HepG2 cells shifting to the S phase and SNU-449cells showing an increased G2/M cell population. PTX alone induced apoptosis in both cell lines, and TQ exhibited a similar apoptotic effect. The combined treatment further potentiated the apoptotic effect. P53, a tumor suppressor gene, was upregulated by PTX and TQ in the tested cell lines, suggesting its role in modulating the treatment response. P53knockdown enhanced the antitumor properties of PTX and TQ in both cell lines.
Conclusion: The combination therapy of TQ and PTXholds promise as a potential therapeutic regimen for HCC. P53 may have a dual role, acting as a tumor suppressor and a cell protector under stress conditions. Targeting the down-regulatory mechanisms of P53could be a valuable therapeutic approach, particularly in cancers with wild-type P53.
Denticula iranica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new diatom species from Jolfa travertine depositing hot spring, northwestern Iran
Authors: Parikhani Fatemeh , Atazadeh Ehsan , Razeghi Jafar , Mosaferi Mohammad
Published: October 2023

During limnological studies in the northwestern Iran, an unknown taxon belong to genus Denticula was found in Jolfa travertine depositing hot spring. The taxon has similarities with D. eximia, D. valida, D. subtilis, D. elegans, D. thermalis and D. thermaloides as shown by LM and SEM observations but based on detailed light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the species showed sufficient morphological differences to separate it as a new species. The new taxon Denticula iranica sp. nov. with valve length 7.0–38.5, valve width 3.0–6.5 and striae density is 32–34. Valves linear-lanceolate with acutely rounded ends. The keel is marginal along the edge of valve face. The raphe is eccentric and supported by fibulae that extend transapically from the center of the valve. Fibulae extend internally at irregular angles from the raphe to about halfway across the valve face. Striae are rarely visible under LM. Costae are typically parallel to one another, measuring in 8–9 in 10 µm. The new taxon has only been found on travertine-depositing hot spring where it occurs in alkaline lakes (pH = 9.8) with high specific conductance values (EC = 17.44 mScm− 1).
Optimal land allocation and irrigation scheduling to maximize the economic utility
Authors: Kahkhamoghaddam parisa , Ziaei Ali Naghi , Davary kamran , Kanooni Amin , Sadeghi Sedigheh
Published: October 2023

Attaining sustainable agriculture requires water consumption management. A water allocation optimization model was developed for the Moghan irrigation network (northwest of Iran) based on the AquaCrop plug-in model. The genetic algorithm was applied to optimize water allocation for five main crops, including wheat, first-cultivation maize, second-cultivation maize, soybeans, and alfalfa. The heuristic economic utility (EU) function was used as the objective function to optimize water allocation. In this function, drained water salinity was applied as a penalty factor to the total benefit, and soil salinity deterioration due to irrigation was also considered as a factor in each crop’s benefit. The results showed that the optimal allocated water depth was 17% less than the normal water consumption. Moreover, the application of soil water salinity coefficients did not affect the ratio of EU to EB (economic benefits) for wheat and alfalfa. However, first-cultivation maize, second-cultivation maize, and soybeans cultivation led to a reduction in EU within the study area. A combination of the crops cultivation led to a change in river water quality and an 8.2% reduction in the ratio of EU to EB function.
Assessment of Wellbore Integrity Failure Risk and Hazardous Zones in Depleted Reservoirs Underground Gas Storage During the Operation Processes
Authors: Wang Rui , Kuru Ergun , Zhao Chaojie , Liu Minggang , Jin Yanxin
Published: October 2023

Depleted reservoirs are widely used for underground gas storage due to their advantages of low construction cost and easy development. Under the influence of complex geological conditions and frequent operations, the integrity of the wells in depleted reservoirs is prone to failure, which would potentially lead to gas leakage. In this study, by using a finite element based computational fluid dynamics model, we have developed evaluation criteria for assessing the severity of the occurred wellbore integrity failure and the risk of the un-occurred wellbore integrity failures respectively to identify hazardous zones potentially prone to wellbore integrity failure. The study results indicate that the gas storage wellbore integrity failure is prone to occur inside the wellbore structure in the direction of the minimum ground stress near the lower boundary of the formation interlayer. The wellbore integrity failure hazardous zones are mainly concentrated at the formation interlayer boundaries. The practical guidelines and solutions derived from current research results can be used for environmental protection work to avoid pollution problems caused by natural gas leakage.
Ultrastrong Light-Matter Coupling in 2D Metal-Organic Chalcogenates
Authors: Jariwala Deep , Anantharaman Surendra , Lynch Jason , Aleksich Mariya , Stevens Christopher , Munley Christopher , Choi Bongjun , Shenoy Sridhar , Darlington Thomas , Majumdar Arka , Schuck P. , Hendrickson Joshua , Hohman James
Published: October 2023

Hybridization of excitons with photons to form hybrid quasiparticles, exciton-polaritons (EPs), has been widely investigated in a range of semiconductor material systems coupled to photonic cavities. Self-hybridization occurs when the semiconductor itself can serve as the photonic cavity medium resulting in strongly-coupled EPs with Rabi splitting energies (ħΩ) > 200 meV at room temperatures which recently were observed in layered two-dimensional (2D) excitonic materials. Here, we report an extreme version of this phenomenon, an ultrastrong EP coupling, in a nascent, 2D excitonic system, the metal organic chalcogenate (MOCHA) compound named mithrene. The resulting self-hybridized EPs in mithrene crystals placed on Au substrates show Rabi Splitting in the ultrastrong coupling range (ħΩ > 600 meV) due to the strong oscillator strength of the excitons concurrent with the large refractive indices of mithrene. We further show bright EP emission at room temperature as well as EP dispersions at low-temperatures. Importantly, we find lower EP emission linewidth narrowing to ~1 nm when mithrene crystals are placed in closed Fabry-Perot cavities. Our results suggest that MOCHA materials are ideal for polaritonics in the deep green-blue part of the spectrum where strong excitonic materials with large optical constants are notably scarce.
SARS-CoV-2 Evolution on a Dynamic Immune Landscape
Authors: von Kleist Max , Raharinirina N. Alexia , Gubela Nils , Börnigen Daniela , Smith Maureen , Oh Djin-Ye , Budt Matthias , Mache Christin , Schillings Claudia , Fuchs Stephan , Dürrwald Ralf , Wolff Thorsten , Hoelzer Martin , Paraskevopoulou Sofia
Published: October 2023

Since the onset of the pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, exhibiting substantial evolution in the virus spike protein, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. A plausible hypothesis proposes that the virus evolves to evade antibody-mediated neutralization (vaccine- or infection-induced) to maximize its ability to infect an immunologically experienced population. While virus infection induces neutralizing antibodies, viral evolution may thus navigate on a dynamic immune landscape that resulted from the infection history in different regions. Global inequalities in vaccine distribution and differences in infection-prevention measures have shaped this global immunological landscape, resulting in uneven geographic distributions of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Consequently, predicting which variant will spread within particular regions has become increasingly challenging.
To tackle this challenge, we developed a comprehensive mechanistic model of the dynamic immunological landscape of SARS-CoV-2. We utilized deep-mutational scanning data and antibody pharmacokinetics to compute time-dependent cross-neutralization between arbitrary variants. Combined with infection history and molecular surveillance data, we could predict the variant-specific relative number of susceptibles over time, exemplified for Germany. This quantity precisely matched historical variant dynamics, predicted future variant dynamics, and could explain global differences in variant dynamics. Our work strongly supports the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 evolution is driven by escape from humoral immunity, allows contextualizing risk assessment of variants, and provides important clues for vaccine design.
Advances to Diminish Global Newborn Kernicterus Mortality
Authors: Wong Ronald , Vidavalur Ramesh
Published: October 2023

Initiatives such as “Every Newborn Action Plans” and “Sustainable Developmental Goals” have spurred comprehensive analysis of infant mortality including extreme hyperbilirubinemia. Trends in adverse outcomes over the last three decades (1990-2019). demonstrate differential rates of decline among countries’ stratified healthcare economies. Globally, Kernicterus was responsible for 2.8 (95% UI:2.3, 3.3) million infant deaths (0.07%). In 2019, kernicterus mortality was 4 per million live births for high-income-countries, which was discordant with 293 per million in low-income-countries. Approximately 60% of mortality occurred at age <6 days; 82% of deaths low and low-middle--income-countries. These countries experienced ~43,510 preventable deaths. The average decline rate was 6.2% for high-income-countries and only 3.0% for low-income-countries. Equitable outcomes of kernicteric mortality could be feasible through global dissemination of optimized and standardized systems strategies to manage newborn jaundice; declining trends in adverse neonatal and infant outcomes will require critical surveillance and clinical accountability to bridge discordant gaps.
Heterogeneous genetic architectures and evolutionary genomics of prostate cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Rebbeck Timothy , Janivara Rohini , Chen Wenlong , Hazra Ujani , Baichoo Shakuntala , Agalliu Ilir , Kachambwa Paidamoyo , Simonti Corinne , Brown Lyda , Tambe Saanika , Kim Michelle , Harlemon Maxine , Jalloh Mohamed , Muzondiwa Dillon , Naidoo Daphne , Ajayi Olabode , Snyper Nana , Niang Lamine , Diop Halimatou , Ndoye Medina , Mensah James , Darkwa-Abrahams Afua , Biritwum Richard , Adjei Andrew , Adebiyi Akindele , Shittu Olayiwola , Ogunbiyi Olufemi , Adebayo Sikiru , Nwegbu Maxwell , Ajibola Hafees , Oluwole Olabode , Jamda Mustapha , Pentz Audrey , Haiman Christopher , Spies Petrus , Merwe Andre Van der , Cook Michael , Chanock Stephen J. , Berndt Sonja I. , Watya Stephen , Lubwama Alex , Muchengeti Mazvita , Doherty Sean , Smyth Natalie , Lounsbury David , Fortier Brian , Rohan Thomas , Jacobson Judith , Neugut Alfred , Hsing Ann , Gusev Alexander , Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen , Joffe Maureen , Adusei Ben , Gueye Serigne , Fernandez Pedro , McBride Jo , Andrews Caroline , Petersen Lindsay , Lachance Joseph
Published: October 2023

Men of African descent have the highest prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality rates, yet the genetic basis of CaP in African men has been understudied. We used genomic data from 3,963 CaP cases and 3,509 controls recruited in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda, to infer ancestry-specific genetic architectures and fine-mapped disease associations. Fifteen independent associations at 8q24.21, 6q22.1, and 11q13.3 reached genome-wide significance, including four novel associations. Intriguingly, multiple lead SNPs are private alleles, a pattern arising from recent mutations and the out-of-Africa bottleneck. These African-specific alleles contribute to haplotypes with odds ratios above 2.4. We found that the genetic architecture of CaP differs across Africa, with effect size differences contributing more to this heterogeneity than allele frequency differences. Population genetic analyses reveal that African CaP associations are largely governed by neutral evolution. Collectively, our findings emphasize the utility of conducting genetic studies that use diverse populations.
Chemical, Rheological, and Sensorial Properties of Baladi Bread Supplemented with Buckwheat Flour Produced in Egypt.
Authors: Hassona Mohamed M. , El-Aal Hala A. Abd , Morsy Nahla M. , Hussein Ahmed M. S.
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to enhance the nutritional and sensory qualities of Balady bread by adding locally Egyptian buckwheat flours, Fagopyrum esculentum (FE) and Fagopyrum tataricum (FT), to Hard Wheat Flour (HWF) 82% extraction at three levels (10%, 20%, and 30%). The chemical composition, rheological properties, color, sensory evaluation and stalling of the balady bread were determined. The chemical composition of raw materials revealed that FE was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in protein and fat contents compared to HWF and FT. While FT was higher in fiber and ash contents. Meanwhile, HWF was higher in total carbohydrates. Water absorption, arrival time, dough-development time, mixing tolerance index and dough weakening were significantly increased, however dough-stability was decreased parallel with an increment of the WF substitution level using the FE and FT. The addition of FE and FT with HWF with increasing proportions from 10–30% decreased the Extensibility, Resistance to extension and energy of dough, while proportional number increased. Nutritional analysis revealed that the incorporation of either Fagopyrum species significantly boosted levels of protein, fat, fiber, and ash, while diminishing carbohydrate content. As for color attributes, the L* and b* values decreased as buckwheat supplementation increased. Sensory evaluations exhibited a downward trend for attributes such as taste, aroma, crust hue, crumb structure, bread shape, layer separation, and overall appearance with increasing buckwheat content. In summary, this research offers valuable insights into how locally sourced Egyptian buckwheat flours can be used to both fortify the nutritional profile and influence the rheological and sensory properties of Balady bread.
In Vitro evaluation of p-coumaric acid and Naringin combination in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell Line (A431)
Authors: Velusamy Pradeep , Muthusami Sridhar , Arumugam Ramakrishnan
Published: October 2023

Cancer is considered most detrimental due to high mortality worldwide. Among them skin cancers play a major part by affecting one in three cancer patients globally. About 2-3 million and 1,32,000 cancer cases were reported to be non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers, respectively. Although chemotherapeutic drugs act on cancer cells but results in long lasting morbidities which affects one’s quality of life and also works only in the initial stage of the cancer. Hence, an idea of traditional medicine to cure the disease efficiently with less side effects was emerging among the researchers. We have assessed the combination effect of p-coumaric acid and naringin in exerting anticancer activity using A431 (Epidermoid carcinoma) cells. The MTT analysis of the combination on A431 cells showed the least IC50 concentration of 41 ± µg/ml which is effective than the standard drug Imiquimod with IC50 concentration of 52 ± µg/ml. Further, flow cytometric analysis were carried out to identify the molecular mechanism behind the anticancer effects of the combination. The results revealed that the combination arrested the A431 cell cycle at S phase, induced apoptosis as induced by more early and late apoptotic cells when compared with the control, further reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential in A431 cells. Hence, the result clearly shows the anticancer potential of p-coumaric acid and naringin combination against the skin cancer (A431) cell line. The observed effects may be additive or synergistic effects in inducing ROS generation, apoptosis and reduce the viability of A431 cells.
Highly Stable Two-Dimensional Carbon Allotropes Based on Azulenoid Kekulene
Authors: Khaliullin Rustam , Zhang Zhenzhe , Pham Hanh , Perepichka Dmytro
Published: October 2023

Despite enormous interest in 2D carbon allotropes, discovering stable 2D carbon structures with practically useful electronic properties presents a significant challenge. This work shows that fusing azulene-derived macrocycles - azulenoid kekulenes (AK) - into graphene leads to the most stable 2D carbon allotropes reported to date, excluding graphene. DFT modeling predicts that placing the AK units in appropriate relative positions in the graphene lattice opens the 0.54eV electronic bandgap and leads to the appearance of the remarkable 0.80eV secondary gap between conduction bands - a feature that is exceedingly rare in 2D carbon allotropes but is known to enhance light absorption and emission in 3D semiconductors. Among porous AK structures, one material stands out as a stable narrow-multigap (0.36 and 0.56eV) semiconductor with light charge carriers (me = 0.17 m0, mh = 0.19 m0), whereas its boron nitride analog is a wide-multigap (1.51 and 0.82eV) semiconductor with mobile carriers (me = 0.39 m0, mh = 0.32 m0). The multigap engineering strategy proposed here can be applied to other carbon nanostructures creating novel 2D materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Teacher Humor Types and Academic Engagement: Mediating Role of Teacher-student Relationships
Authors: Bao Chenye , Li Ruixing , Zhan Qiqi , Gao Qiyang
Published: October 2023

Background
The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the links between four different teacher humor types, academic engagement, and teacher–student relationships in the primary education context.
Method
Our data were collected from 385 (184 females) Chinese primary school students by Teacher Humor Scale, revised revision of Chinese Students’ Perceived Teacher–Student Relationship, and revised revision of Chinese Academic Engagement Scale.
Results
The results indicated that teacher humor related to course content directly and significantly predicted students’ academic engagement. Positive teacher–student relationships as perceived by students significantly mediated the relationship between teacher humor related to course content and academic engagement.
Conclusion
This implies that only teacher humor related to course content is an effective daily instructional tool that can promote students’ engagement. These findings complement and extend the previous understanding of the role of teacher humor in primary school students’ learning.
Does somatosensory discrimination therapy alter sensorimotor upper limb function differently compared to motor therapy in children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kleeren Lize , Mailleux Lisa , McLean Belinda , Elliott Catherine , Dequeker Griet , Campenhout Anja Van , de Xivry Jean-Jacques Orban , Verheyden Geert , Ortibus Els , Klingels Katrijn , Feys Hilde
Published: October 2023

Background: Besides motor impairments, up to 90% of the children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) present with somatosensory impairments in the upper limb. As somatosensory information is of utmost importance for coordinated movements and motor learning, somatosensory impairments can further compromise the effective use of the impaired upper limb in daily life activities. Yet, intervention approaches specifically designated to target these somatosensory impairments are insufficiently investigated in children and adolescents with uCP. Therefore, the aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to compare the effectiveness of somatosensory discrimination therapy and dose-matched motor therapy to improve sensorimotor upper limb function in children and adolescents with uCP, who experience somatosensory impairments in the upper limb. We will further explore potential behavioral and neurological predictors of therapy response.
Methods: A parallel group, evaluator-blinded, phase-II, single centre RCT will be conducted for which 50 children and adolescents with uCP, aged 7 to 15 years, will be recruited. Participants will be randomized to receive 3 weekly sessions of 45 minutes of either somatosensory discrimination therapy or upper limb motor therapy for a period of 8 weeks. Stratification will be performed based on age, manual ability and severity of tactile impairment at baseline. Sensorimotor upper limb function will be evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention and after 6 months follow-up. The primary outcome measure will be bimanual performance as measured with the Assisting Hand Assessment. Secondary outcomes include a comprehensive test battery to objectify somatosensory function and measures of bimanual coordination, unimanual motor function and goal attainment. Brain imaging will be performed at baseline to investigate structural brain lesion characteristics and structural connectivity of the white matter tracts.
Discussion: This protocol describes the design of an RCT comparing the effectiveness of somatosensory discrimination therapy and dose-matched motor therapy to improve sensorimotor upper limb function in children and adolescents with uCP. The results of this study may aid in the selection of the most effective upper limb therapy, specifically for children and adolescents with tactile impairments.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06006065). Registered on August 8, 2023.
Development of external genitalia during mini-puberty: Is it related to somatic growth or hormones?
Authors: Gacemer Hazal Arıkan , Tosun Busra Gurpinar , Helvacioglu Didem , Yaman Ali , Abali Zehra Yavas , Haliloglu Belma , Turan Serap Demircioglu , Haklar Goncagul , Bereket Abdullah , Guran Tulay
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Although hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis is active during mini-puberty, its relationship with somatic growth and the role on the development of external genitalia has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of somatic growth and reproductive hormones on the development of external genitalia during mini-puberty.
Methods
Anthropometric data, pubertal examination, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (A4), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2) and inhibin-B, testosterone (T) and anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) of healthy infants aged 1–4 months were evaluated. Free sex hormone index was calculated as T/SHBG for boys and E2/SHBG for girls.
Results
The mean age of 148 (74 female) infants included in the study was 2.31 ± 0.76 months. Tanner stage 2–3 sex steroid and gonadotropin levels were observed. A statistically significant difference was found between the weight, height, BMI, weight gain and serum FSH, LH, A4 measurements of girls and boys (p < 0.05). Penile length was associated with weight (r = 0.24, p = 0.03), height (r = 0.25, p = 0.02) and AMH (r = 0.3, p = 0.01), but not with testosterone (p = 0.56 respectively). A negative correlation was found between weight and serum LH (r=-0.26, p = 0.2) and T/SHBG levels in males (r=-0.38, p = 0.015 respectively). Weight-SDS was negatively correlated with testosterone in males (r=-0.25, p = 0.02). Testicular size and breast stage did not correlate with any of the hormonal and anthropometric parameters.
Conclusions
External genitalia in males during mini-puberty is related more to somatic growth rather than reproductive hormones. Similar pubertal developmental stages, total and free testosterone is associated negatively with higher weight in mini-puberty.
Infrared spectroscopy as a new approach for Fabry disease screening
Authors: Barretto Carolina Teles , Nascimento Márcia Helena Cassago , Brun Bruna , Silva Tiago Barcelos da , Dias Pedro Augusto Costa , Silva Cassiano Augusto Braga , Singh Maneesh N. , de Martin Francis L. , Filgueiras Paulo Roberto , Romão Wanderson , Campos Luciene Cristina Gastalho , Barauna Valerio Garrone
Published: October 2023

Background
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder marked by alpha-galactosidase-A (α-Gal A) deficiency, caused by pathogenic mutations in the GLA gene resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids inside lysosomes. The current screening test consists of measuring α-Gal A activity. However, it is limited only to men. Infrared spectroscopy is a technique that provides information about biofluids' molecular composition and has been successfully applied in numerous diseases. Herein, we investigate the vibration profile of plasma chemical bonds in patients with FD through attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) vibrational spectroscopy.
Results
The Fabry disease group (n = 47) and the healthy control group (n = 52) were analyzed with similar ages (39.2 ± 16.9 and 36.7 ± 10.9 years, respectively), and women were predominant in both groups (59,6% vs. 65,4%). All patients had the classic phenotype (100%), and no late-onset phenotype was detected. PLS-DA classification model independent of gender allowed differentiation of the samples between Fabry and the control group, reaching 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Conclusion
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy associated with pattern recognition can distinguish between FD patients and healthy control participants as a fast-screening test.
English Speaking as a Second Language for Health Sciences’ Undergraduates: Preferred Activities & Motivators
Authors: Jayasinghe Manori , Liyanage Lakeesha , Wijesekara Kanchana , Kotapola Imendra
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Fluency in speaking English as a second language is critical for non-natives in Allied Health Sciences. Unfortunately, the undergraduates who study for health sciences degrees in English medium of instruction still find it challenging. This has made the faculty administration deliver numerous programs to enhance oral skills, which often fail due to poor turnout. The lack of motivation and reluctance to practice are two reasons visible on the surface. Identifying ways to enhance learner motivation has been considered a key challenge in the present study. The types of activities students were interested in have been examined and reported.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the undergraduates in the Pharmacy, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory Science programs. Data were gathered using a self-prepared, validated, self-administered online survey questionnaire that was pilot tested for reliability using 10% (n = 21) of the minimum sample size. Cronbach's Alpha values appeared ˃ 0.7. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and demotivators was examined using a paired sample t-test.
Results
There were 277 responses from Pharmacy (33.2%, n = 92), Nursing (45.8%, n = 127), and MLS (20.9%, n = 58). Intrinsic motivation factors had a significant effect (p < 0.001, 95% CI) on speaking skills compared to extrinsic motivation factors. Mean intrinsic motivation and mean extrinsic motivation were 4.16 (n = 277, SD = 0.66) and 3.73 (n = 277, SD = 0.81), respectively. The mean intrinsic demotivation, 3.16 (n = 277, SD = 0.77), and mean extrinsic demotivation, 2.56 (n = 277, SD = 0.91) also showed a significant variation. Findings denoted that students prefer free, relaxing learning experiences over compulsory English-speaking programs.
Conclusions
The results signified that self-motivation was the primary source of inspiration. It is essential that faculty revisit the compulsory and authoritative program designs to realign them, considering the students' motivation and interests at the center of it.
Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature as a potential predictor biomarker for prognosis and immune response in LUAD patients
Authors: Qin Yinyin , Deng Yanjun , Wang Mingdeng , Lin Yuansheng
Published: October 2023

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer on a global scale, and the patients are suffering from a poor survival outcome. Cuproptosis and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are recognized to have significant prognostic value and play important roles in immunotherapy for LUAD. Therefore, identifying cuproptosis-related lncRNAs are vital for the prognosis and treatment of LUAD.
Methods: Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in LUAD were initially screened out. Uni-variate, LASSO and multi-variate Cox regression models were adopted to establish lncRNA signature of prognostic significance for LUAD. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and functional enrichment analysis were performed. A nomogram based on the signature and clinical features of LUAD was correspondingly constructed. Associations of the lncRNA signature with immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity were explored. Last, mRNA expression of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in LUAD was verified by qRT-PCR.
Results: Four cuproptosis-relatedlncRNAs signature was established and identified as independently prognostic for overall survival of LUAD. In addition, the signature could well differentiate between patients with different responses to immunotherapy. Finally, candidate compounds targeting the signature were identified.
Conclusion: Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature is expected to be used in clinic in prediction of survival and immunotherapy outcomes in LUAD patients.
The geology and evolution of a the Near-Earth binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos.
Authors: Barnouin Olivier , Ballouz Ronald-Louis , Marchi Simone , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Agrusa Harrison , Zhang Yun , Ernst Carolyn , Pajola Maurizio , Tusberti Filippo , Lucchetti Alice , Daly R , Palmer Eric , Walsh Kevin , Michel Patrick , Sunshine Jessica , Farnham Tony , Richardson Derek , Parro Laura , Murdoch Naomi , Robin Colas , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Kohout Tomas , Asphaug Erik , Raducan S. , Jutzi Martin , Ferrari Fabio , Hasselmann Pedro , Bagatin Adriano Campo , Chabot Nancy , Li Jian-Yang , Cheng Andrew , Nolan Micheal , Stickle Angela , Karatekin Ozgur , Dotto Elisabetta , Corte Vincenzo Della , Epifani Elena Mazzotta , Rossi Alessandro , Gai Igor , Deshapriya Prasanna , Bertini Ivano , Zinzi Angelo , Trigo-Rodriguez Josep , Beccarelli Joel , Ivanovski Stavro , Brucato John , Poggiali Giovanni , Zanotti Giovanni , Amoroso Marilena , Capannolo Andrea , Cremonese Gabriele , Dall'Ora Massimo , Ieva Simone , Impresario Gabriele , Lavagna Michelle , Modenini Dario , Palumbo Pasquale , Perna Davide , Pirrotta Simone , Tortora Paolo , Zannoni Marco , Rivkin Andrew
Published: October 2023

Images collected by the DART and LICIAcube spacecraft provide the first resolved views of the Didymos binary asteroid system. These images reveal that the primary asteroid, Didymos, is flattened and has a non-circular equatorial perimeter. At high elevations, its surface is undulating and contains large boulders and craters; at low elevations its surface is smoother and possesses fewer large boulders and craters. Didymos' moon, Dimorphos, possesses a uniform surface covered by boulders, several asteroid-wide lineaments, and a handful of craters. The surfaces of both asteroids include boulders that are large relative to their host body, suggesting that both asteroids are rubble piles. Models run to explain the observations indicate that Didymos has a surface cohesion ≤1 Pa and an interior cohesion of ~$10 Pa, while Dimorphos has a surface cohesion of <0.9 Pa. Crater size-frequency analyses indicate the surface age of Didymos is 40-130x older than Dimorphos, with likely absolute ages of ~12.5 Myr and <0.3 Myr, respectively. Solar radiation could have increased Didymos' spin rate leading to internal deformation and surface mass shedding, which likely created Dimorphos. If part of the Bauptistina family, Didymos likely represents the latest of multiple asteroid generations stemming from the original parent.
R425 first year student nurses ‘experience of encounters with death of a patient during clinical placement
Authors: Molefe Lebogang
Published: October 2023

Background
R425 first year student nurses encountered death of patients at their earliest time of training due to the curriculum that expects them to be placed in various clinical facilities to obtain psychomotor skills competencies. These encounters have been found to be very difficult and challenging for first year student nurses, because of inadequate knowledge and skills to effectively deal with death of a patient. The aim of this study is to explore and describe R425 first year student nurses ‘experience of encounters with death of a patient during clinical placement.
Method
A qualitative-exploratory-descriptive and contextual research design was conducted, using a purposive, nonprobability sampling approach. Fifteen R425 first year student nurses voluntary agreed to participate in the study. Unstructured individual interviews were conducted with all fifteen participants.
Results
Four themes emerged, namely, knowledge, psychological trauma, low self-esteem, and nutritional disorders. Themes had sub-themes. Results confirmed that indeed first year student nurses are not coping in dealing with death of a patient during clinical placements.
Conclusion
Due to inability of R425 first year student nurses to cope in dealing with death and dying of a patient during clinical placement, it is evident that in that level of training, it is too early to expose students to skills such as last offices, and such skills can be deferred and introduced at a later stage of training. There is, therefore, a need for review of curriculum for R425 first year student nurses.
Association between additional weekend rehabilitation and functional outcomes in patients with hip fractures: Does age affect the effectiveness of weekend rehabilitation ?
Authors: Ogawa Takahisa , Onuma Ryo , Sagae Hiromori , Schermann Haggai , Kristensen Morten Tange , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yoshii Toshitaka , Jinno Tetsuya
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery is crucial for improving physical function. Additional rehabilitation over the weekend or after working hours is reportedly associated with improved physical function; however, this may not apply to an aging population, including patients aged > 90 years. This study aimed to investigate the association between additional weekend rehabilitation and functional outcomes in different age groups.
Methods
This study analysed a cohort of patients aged ≥ 60 years who had hip fractures and were operated on from 2013 to 2018. Data were extracted from a nationwide multicentre database. Functional outcomes at discharge were compared between patients who underwent rehabilitation on weekdays only and those who underwent rehabilitation on both weekdays and weekends. The patient groups were selected using propensity score matching analysis. Furthermore, a sub-analysis was conducted on patients in their 60s, 70s, 80s, and 90s.
Results
A total of 411,056 patients underwent surgery during the study period. After matching, each group comprised 129,583 patients. Patients who underwent weekend rehabilitation exhibited improved physical function in transferring, walking, and stair climbing at discharge, as compared with patients who did not (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.17 [1.15–1.19], 1.17 [1.15–1.2], and 1.06 [1.03–1.08], respectively). Except for stair climbing, the positive association between weekend rehabilitation and patient function was observed across all age groups.
Conclusion
Weekend rehabilitation was significantly associated with improved physical function. Given the limited healthcare resources, high-demand activities such as stair climbing may be reserved for younger age groups to optimise rehabilitation therapy.
Factors associated with utilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women aged 18 to 49 years at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda
Authors: Layet Florence , Ashaba Nasser , Murungi Tom , Opollo Marc Sam , Kigongo Eustes
Published: October 2023

Background
Women with HIV have a higher risk of getting cervical cancer due to induced immunosuppression. Though this burden could be avoided through early identification and appropriate management, there is a paucity of information about the utilization of cervical cancer screening (CCS) services in Lira City. This study investigated the level and factors associated with the utilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women aged 18 to 49 years at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira City.
Methods
We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study employing quantitative techniques. We used consecutive sampling to recruit 297 HIV positive women at the ART clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Structured researcher-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Ethical approval was sought from Lira University Research Ethics Committee (LUREC-2022-5). Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. Logistic regression was performed to ascertain the factors associated with the utilization of cervical cancer screening. Odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals were reported.
Results
The study had a perfect response rate. Majority of the respondents 157(52.9%) were aged 31–49 years, 153(51.5%) had para 1–3, 141(47.5%) married, 142(47.8%) completed secondary education, 150(50.5%) self-employed and 176(59.3%) were diagnosed with the HIV infection five years ago. Out of 297 respondents, 175(58.9%) utilized cervical cancer screening and the factors associated were having ever heard of CCS (p < 0.001), knowing where CCS is done (p < 0.001), fear of CCS outcomes (p < 0.001), not knowing whether CCS is beneficial or not (p = 0.002) and having friends/relatives who screened for cervical cancer (p = 0.05).
Conclusion
The level of utilization of cervical cancer screening services is suboptimal, with only four in ten women with HIV infection in Lira City utilizing the services. This signifies a daring need to integrate screening services into routine HIV services, and also step up continuous education among women.