bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF OCHRE IN CERAMIC PRODUCTION IN THE NORTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Dubovceva EkaterinaNikolaevna Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

A lot of evidence to the use of ochre in the manufacture of neolithic, eneolithic ceramics of the Urals and Western siberia are accumulated. the article discusses the cases of red ochre use as an inclusion in the clay and paints for ceramics. the main problem was to learn to distinguish between accidental and intentional use of ochre in ancient times. this problem was solved through a series of experiments. the focus of the study was the means of obtaining the ochre from limonite, methods of staining pottery and modeling of ochre as an inclusion in the texture. Besides, clay from various sources from the territory of Western siberia was investigated in order to determine the presence of limonite, which is ochre in its natural state. this allowed to identify archaeological sites where existed the tradition of using ochre for the manufacture and decoration of pottery. Based on the analysis of 35 samples of clay from russia and the results of experiments were identified criteria for distinguishing natural and artificial ocher impurities in the texture. as a result of technological analysis of ceramics from 50 archaeological sites north of Western siberia, it was found that there was a tradition use of ocher as inclusion in clay. it could be incorporated into the texture in the form of crushed fired limonite or hematite and dried red clay in the neolithic. these recipes are not mass, so the question about the function of ocher in the clay is very interesting, but this is a task for future research.
THE TECHNOLOGY OF POTTERY PRODUCTION OF THE POPULATION OF THE ALAKUL CULTURE OF THE SETTLEMENT NIJNEINGALSKOE-3 IN THE LOWER TOBOL REGION
Authors: Ilyushina Virnjria Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the technology of pottery production of the population of alakul culture of the settlement nijneingalskoe-3 in the lower tobol region. the analysis is made within the framework of historical and cultural approach and the structure of the pottery industry, developed by a.a. Bobrinsky. as a result of the study of the pottery revealed that the potters of alakul culture selected natural iron- enriched clay and silty clay containing natural admixture of rivers shell. during compiling of molding masses most often the potters used a fire clay and various organic additives, rarely they used a gruss and calcified bone. in the collection there are just 3 of the bottom part of the vessels, which gave information on the construction aseed-body. they were made from clay patches in accordance with the bottom-capacitive program. the hollow body of the 10 vessels was made with clay patches too. the surface of vessels were treated with wooden and bone spatulas, stamps and cloth or fingers of potters. after smoothing the surface, and in some cases the inner surface of the vessels was glossing on the dry basis. Firing of finished products was manufactured in a simple piles or hearths. Following the results of the comparative analysis of the pottery traditions of the settlements citizens, their mixed characters in selecting the plastic raw material and composing the molding masses havebeen discovered. the comparison of the data with the technological information about ceramics assemblages from the neighboring regions showed that the citizens of the alakul culture are considered to be aliens on the territory of the lower tobol region.
ON THE STUDY OF THE MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES DEALS WITH THE CERAMICS OF THE MAIKOP- NOVOSVOBODNAYA COMMUNITY BY THE METHOD OF. A. A. BOBRINSKY AND NEW EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Korenevskiy Sergey Nikolaevich , Kizilov Andrey Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

The article presents a brief synthesis of the results deal with the study of ceramics Maikop-novosvobodnaya community using the method of a. a. Bobrinsky and use of the microscope with 12 times magnification. it sets out ideas about raw materials, methods of construction, surface treatment. especially emphasized the problem of the use by the ancient potters of rotary devices. For the first time about such vessels were noted in the work of a. a. Bobrinsky and r. M. Munchaev in 1966, for example, vessels with a flat bottom. at present a series of examples of traces deal with use of rotary devices has expanded. in the article by a. s. Kizilov shows the simulation of the vessel of the Maikop culture and fixation of the traces of its turn without a fixed axis of rotation and with a non-fixed environment of rotation. as a result, the actual doing of those and other traces that prove the use of Maikop potters rotary devices with a fixed axis of rotation in the manufacture of vessels not only flat, but round bottom too.
IMPORTED CERAMICS FROM THE SETTLEMENT KENT
Authors: Loman Valeriy Grigoryevich
Published: December 2020

At the end of the Bronze age so-called community of the roll ceramics cultures (crcc) occupied the territory of the steppe belt of eurasia. despite the vast distances that separate sites, ceramic vessels of these cultures have a high degree of resemblance. the technical and technological analysis of pottery enables, in particular, to determine the depth of the cultural differences of the ancient population groups. Unfortunately, such analysis for most cultures of the crcc not carried out, and this fact greatly complicates the work to establish the degree of kinship and identification of contacts existed between them. this article analyzes the ceramic assemblage of Kent settlement - the largest for sargary-alekseev culture, part of crcc. it was found that the population that left the site, consisted of not less than 3-4 groups, which were in the process of mixing. on the base of comparison of the results of technical and technological analysis it was found the pottery, imported from related communities. in addition, the technology of foreign culture pottery samples is considered and conclusions about areas of their origin are made. Vessels with ornaments and shape similar to the synchronous archaeological cultures of Western siberia and central asia are attributed as foreign. it was found that ceramics, coming from central asia, was constructed by sculptural modeling methods, and a potters wheel was used only for profiling the main part of the container. it is concluded that sargary-alekseev groups were not closed communities. they were in constant contact with related settlements and also in trade and exchange relations with the population of neighboring areas.
Flora of the settlement Lukh of Ivanovo Region
Authors: Borisova Elena Anatol’evna
Published: December 2020

In the article the floristic data of Lukh, one of the ancient Ivanovo region settlements, are given. The present Lukh settlement flora consists of 402 vascular plant species from 4 classes, 76 families and 255 genera. Compositae 53 species (13,2%), Rosaceae 39 species (9,7%), Poaceae 27 species (6,9%), Fabaceae 23 species (5,7%), Cruciferae 18 species (4,2%) are leading families of the flora. The basis of biomorphological structure of the Luch flora is made up by the perennial grass plants (233 species; 57,9%), arboreous plants include 60 species (14,9%), among which 23 species are trees, 33 species are shrubs. Geographical analysis ascertained prevalence of native species. The native component of Lukh flora comprises 247 species (61,6%), the аlien component 153 species (38,4%). The adventivity index is 0,38 which is typical for the small towns and large settlements of the Upper Volga region. 2 rare species (Gerntiana pneumonanthe, Populus nigra) included in the regional red data book, some native (Thelypteris palustris, Juniperus communis, Dactulorhiza fuchii, Platanthera bifolia, Convallaria majalis, Carex pilosa, Trollius earopaeus, Daphne mezerum) and alien (Atriрlex patens, Symphytum x uplandicum, Hesperis matronalis, Veronica persica, Zizania latifolia) rare plant species are briefly characterized.
Study of floristic structure of the territory using family range in the Sok River basin (Samara Region, Zavolzhye, forest-steppe zone)
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia Viktorovna , Kostina Natalia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

Ecological approach to the study of flora implies an integral flora unit called elementary flora (EF), which is usually regarded as the elementary unit of floristic division. Identification of the minimum-range of EF is prerequisite for the research of flora of any territory. The aim of this research is to identify the number of EF in the research area (floral patterns) by comparing the values of certain parameters of the family range of flora in four minimum-ranges. The basin of the river Sok is the research area. Its landscape zoning varies in different literature sources. Florae of the four minimum-range habitats are formed on territorial basis with reference to the existing floristic descriptions. The following parameters of the family range of flora in four minimum-ranges were used: establishment of the order of the first triad of families depending on number of species in a sample, percentage of monotypic families and percentage of species in the top ten families. The considered values of florae parameters in the sample areas corresponding to the minimum-range habitats show a certain degree of similarity. The largest differences were observed in the study of the formation of top three leading families, depending on the number of species. This indicator reflects the peculiarities of individual sample areas due to the variety of intra-landscape. The authors reach a conclusion concerning the conditional affiliation of the researched territory to one EF. The conclusion is based on the analyzed parameters of the family range of flora of all minimum-ranges as well as their floristic descriptions.
Contents of heavy metals in the soil cover in the conditions of technogenesis
Authors: Kazantsev Ivan Victorovich , Matveeva Tatyana Borisovna
Published: December 2020

The paper examines pollution of soils with heavy metals under technogenic impact. The ways and means of pollutants receipt in soils and their accumulation in soils located in the drainage of railway are described. The role of roadside forest belts on the distribution of pollutants is examined. Determination of heavy metals content in soils was carried out by the x-ray fluorescence method. The results of heavy metal soil pollution in comparison with Clarke value, maximum permissible concentration and regional background levels are represented. The study of heavy metals content was carried out in the soils of right-of-way on the Samara-Syzran section of the Kuibyshev railway, as well as in suburban forests and urban parks of Samara (Botanical garden, Country Park). These areas are exposed to significant anthropogenic impact. Studies have shown that in these areas an increased content of some heavy metals in soils is observed. The main elements present in anthropogenic flows of pollution are copper, nickel, chromium, zinc and lead. This result does not contradict the standard environmental situation. These materials can serve as a basis for further monitoring of suburban forests of Samara green zone and transport facilities.
On the fauna of house flies (Diptera, Muscidae) of Samara Region
Authors: Lyubvina Irina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

For the first time the resulting data of flies investigation (Diptera, Muscidae) in Samara Oblast territory are given. Up to the present time the revealed fauna of the houseflies is differed by the high taxonomic diversity and includes 75 species belonging to 26 genera. Among them 11 are the most frequent species Coenosia mollicula Fll., Coenosia testacea R.-D., Helina ciliatocosta Ztt., Helina moedlingensis Schnabl, Hydrotaea ignava Harris, Musca domestica L., Muscina levida Harris, Mydaea setifemur Ringdahl, Neomyia cornicina F., Pyrellia vivida R.-D. and Thricops semicinereus Wied. consisted of 15% of the all species regional muscid diversity. Main body of revealed muscid fauna in the region are represented by widely distributed and palaearctic species (by 45% in each group of distribution). Faunistic complex of muscid is characterized by richness of biotope clustering, habitat versatility of mostly species, and the most intensive flying period of the main species imagoes is noted in the summer period. It is supposed that compound of family in the generic level is revealed approximately of 79% and it is additionally expected 7 genera. Specific compound of the family is revealed approximately of 64% and it is additionally expected about 43 species of muscid in Samara Oblast fauna.
Peculiarities of the consultative training method for laboratory work classes
Authors: Andryukhina Tatiana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The method of consultative instruction is promising for training of bachelors, masters and specialists, who possess professional competences. This method involves the active use of modern gadgets in the learning process of students. The professional competences of a specialist readiness or ability to rationally and productively use knowledge, skills, habits, methods of activity, necessary for their professional sphere. The advisory teaching method is being tested for the teaching of future bachelors in the Department of Automated machine tools and tooling systems in the Samara State Technical University. The method is used for the preparation of laboratory lessons in such disciplines as Fundamentals of Computer Graphics and Computer simulation. These courses were selected for the experiment, since the curriculum sets out only four- hour laboratory works. The teacher gives theoretical input on the construction of sketches, drawings, models, parts and units from the moment the computer is switched on and the program for the simulation is started until the end of the laboratory work. The article highlights the positive aspects of the method of advisory training both for teachers and for students. The author specifies some restrictions for use of the advisory training method. The experiment has shown that while doing laboratory work the students were much more motivated, productive and creative.
Mediated communication and dependence behavioral activity of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834) on weather conditions
Authors: Kamalova Ekaterina Sagitovna
Published: December 2020

The raccoon dog is an invasive species in the Samara region. At present, this species is founded in the northern, north-western and western territories of the Samara region, and the most widely spread on Vasilyevsky Islands, near the Rozhdestveno village, in floodplain areas of the national park Samarskaya Luka. According to some authors data, this species may be able to be cause damage to game species, due to its impact on the number of waterfowl. In the Samara region the impact of this predator on hunting species are not mentioned, but a comprehensive study of the behavior, distribution, ecology of the species and its impact on native ecosystems are required. This article describes a study on raccoon dogs mediated communication which was carried out by detailed method of tracking animals winter footprints in the national park Samarskaya Luka in the snow season at 20092015. The dynamics of communicative behavior of raccoon dog at 20092015 is presented. One of the main factors influencing on animals behavior is a snow cover. For the detailed analysis Bodmans index of weather rigidity was applied, using data of the air temperature and wind speed. The data which show differences in behavioral activity of raccoon dogs males and females depending on the weather conditions are presented.
Influence of temperature and carbon sources on auxin biosynthesis by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain and their phytostimulating activity in urbanozem soil
Authors: Otroshko Dmitrii Nikolaevich , Sheremet Vladislav Viktorovich , Volchenko Nikita Nikolaevich , Khudokormov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Samkov Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research was to study the effect of temperature and carbon sources for synthesizing activity of Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac-2017D strain on the mineral medium. Tryptophan at a concentration of 0,5 g/l was added as a precursor for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis. Phytostimulating effect was shown in condition of soil experiment using lawn grass mixture (Festuca rubra 30%, Lolium perenne 30%, Poa pratensis 20%, Festuca rubra trichlorophylla 15%, Festuca ovina 5%). The strain of selected oil-degrading bacteria was able to produce IAA on both hydrocarbon and carbohydrates as carbon sources. The differences were found in the production of auxin that depended on temperature and types of C-substrate. When sucrose used as a carbon source the maximum in production of IAA was 34,3 g/ml at the temperature of 15C. When culturing microorganisms on hexadecane the highest concentration IAA (77,69 g/ml ) was achieved at 25C. The culture broth (supernatant) and native bacterial suspension had shown phytostimulating activity on the lawn grass (weight of plant biomass, germination) to compare to water and chemically synthesized IAA in condition of soil experiment.
Kazakhstan black soil organic substance agrogenic transformation
Authors: Kurishbayev Akhylbek Kazhigulovich , Zvyagin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich , Yaroslavtseva Nadezhda Vasilevna , Kogut Boris Maratovich
Published: December 2020

Currently despite the extended study of the temporary dynamic of the cultivated soil organic substance on the global scale scientists pay much attention to the establishing the patterns of its quantitative transformation on the regional level depending on the systems of agricultural exploitation for the purpose of clarifying the worldwide estimate of humus reserve in relation to the issue of the greenhouse effect. In this regard we have examined the modern dynamic (19902015) of the regular and southern black soil organic substance in the conditions of long-term stationary field experiments in the primary grain-sowing region of the Northern Kazakhstan. Based on the data from alternative time periods on the proportion of Соргand N in the upper (mainly 025 cm) layer of virgin and agrogenic black soil of Akmolinsk and Kostanay regions of Kazakhstan we have discovered the distinctive characteristics of changes in the content of soil organic substance. It has been demonstrated that the content of humus in the regular black soil is significantly higher than that in the southern carbonated black soil. Evaluation of transforming and inert pool of organic carbon in virgin and agrogenic variants of southern black soil has been made. It has been established that currently in the result of influence from various methods of southern black soil treatment the rate of humus percentage decrease is slowing down in comparison with that of the previous period of its agricultural exploitation, however, in practice, those methods, including the subsurface tilling, do not halt the de-humusization process. Content of humus in soil of the variants with continuous spring wheat is approaching that with continuous complete fallow. There are sufficient grounds to suggest that the reason for de-humusization of the southern black soil could reside in biochemical (mineralization), as well as physical (deflation) loss of humus. Particular danger comes from the wind erosion resulting in percentage of humus dropping even below its minimal value, i.e. due to the decrease of nearly unrecoverable inert part. In agrogenic regular black soil, during the closing period of its agricultural exploitation, there has been no humus loss detected, which is most probably related to the existence of protective anti-erosion forest belts in the studied fields area.
Features of the modernization of the Orenburg Cossack Army in the late XIX - early XX centuries
Authors: Meshcheryakov Alexander Valerievich
Published: December 2020

This article describes the features of the modernization of the Orenburg Cossack troops at the turn of XIXXX centuries. During the consideration of this issue highlights the main problems that affect the modernization in the army. These concerned the difficult economic situation, which arose due to the provision of medical problems. Another important issue discussed in the article is the introduction of zemstvo. Considered the most important question of the transfer of land in perpetuity Cossack troops, the right, which confirmed the special position of the Cossacks in the government system, but once again confirmed in the tradition of modernization development. The study confirmed that the Orenburg Cossack army at the turn of the century, was clearly included in the governance structure, and Cossack troops controls were considered government agencies. Cossacks reformed according to the general idea of the modernization process took place in the Russian Empire. However, they are not used for the template, and had its own peculiarities. It is caused by several factors were: a special control system, the role of the Cossacks in the empire, the traditional way of life of the Cossacks. Therefore, each reform had its own characteristics, and some have not been implemented, that before the outbreak of the First World War and distinguished Cossack regions from the rest of the empire.
Quest as an innovative method of teaching English to preschoolers
Authors: Tkach Irina Vladimirovna , Mineeva Olga Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the method quest as an innovative method of teaching English to preschoolers. The authors describe objectives and principles of early learning, psychological characteristics of childrens readiness to learn a foreign language and the contribution of learning a foreign language in the overall development of a child. The article discusses methods of game techniques, as well as the factors that determine the success of using games in the classroom for children of preschool age. The definition of quest is given in the paper, the possibility to use this method as one of gaming techniques in teaching English is described. The content of the quest includes modern audio-visual materials, tasks for listening, speaking, reading, recognition of the vocabulary. In addition to assignments aimed at learning a foreign language, the quest contains tasks for development of logical thinking, attention, motor development when creating an application. Practical application of this method for the study of the topic Food in the group of preschool students is considered: the overall concept of the quest, tasks, necessary props are described. The described method of learning a foreign language can be adapted to any age students and for any school subject.
Change of physical properties of southern carbonate chernozems at various cultivation systems in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Vasilchenko Nikolay Ivanovich , Zvyagin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

Contradictory data about impact of the minimum and zero cultivation on physical properties of southern chernozems (Chernozem) of heavy particle size distribution have caused the necessity of their studying on the territory of Akmola region. Researches of physical properties of southern carbonate chernozems were conducted based on comparison of soils physical properties the virgin site with pilot allotments of deep and minimum cultivation of land, direct crops and zero technology. Reduction of content physical clay particles and silt in comparison with the virgin site revealed in the upper layer of 0-10 cm in case of all above-stated handlings. Mechanized conversions cause the activation of profile differentiation with regard to silty fraction. Descending migration from the arable horizon to subarable horizon happens in case of deep cultivation of land. This migration from layer of 0-10 cm to underlying arable layer of 10-26 cm happens in case of minimum and zero cultivation of land. The greatest deterioration in addition density of plougland in a layer of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm observe in case of the minimum and zero cultivation of land.
Application of fractal analysis for bioindication evaluation of the environmental assessment
Authors: Molchatsky Sergey Lvovich , Kazantsev Ivan Victorovich , Matveeva Tatyana Borisovna
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the currently existing methods of bioindication studies of the environment pollution as well as studies their characteristics and applications. Particular attention from this group of methods is given to lichen indication and assessing the degree of fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf and its irregularity, because they are based on a study of the geometric characteristics of biological samples by means of mathematical processing using special software. It proves the possibility and prospects of application of the measuring method of fractal dimension for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of environmental pollution. Presented data show that the inclusion of the fractal nature of biological systems allows discovering and exploring a completely new range of phenomena in biology. The coincident of this method is provided with the goals and objectives by the appropriate mathematical apparatus. Within the framework of this approach it is possible to design and use new advanced monitoring techniques. In the final part of the paper a new concept of bioindication, which is based on a synthesis of both classical and innovative approaches to the study and assessment of environmental quality in the conditions of technogenic pollution, is proposed.
The impact of modern transformations of the infrastructure of the city of Samara on the breeding biology of the sparrowhawk
Authors: Pavlov Ivan Sergeevich , Makarenkov Vladimir Nicolaevich
Published: December 2020

Since 1997, we watched the birds of prey that lived in the Samara city, and found that the most numerous and widespread in these conditions is a Sparrow hawk. During this time, the number of this type birds of increase. Now it is we value it more than 50 pairs. In urban environments, many hawks inhabit the typical places for them - woodland area of more than 1 hectare, where a lot of young trees. Not only the natural forests but artificial too. In the last 5-7 years there has been a tendency to breed hawks in atypical for their groves with a very small area in the densely populated areas of the city. In 2016, we found Sparrow hawks nest in a grove near the geographical center of the Samara city. Area trees no more than 0,5 hectares, it is 50 meters from the road, and 5 meters from the curb. But here the hawks successfully grow brood. 3 young hawks are haking in the and of nesting (2 females and 1 male). Thus, despite the active cultivation and development of forest parks and vacant lots in the Samara city, carried out in recent years, sparrow hawks, are here in the first place, the optimum feeding conditions, showing almost all adaptive capacity to adjust to changing conditions.
The 7-th degree of kinship in marriages within Rurikids in the XII century
Authors: Abukov Sergey Navilievich
Published: December 2020

The question of the political situation in Rus in the XII century can not be considered in isolation from the relationship between the Rurikids. The marriages within dynasty of Old Russian princes, which played a very important role in the political relations of that period, were a part of political relations. However, there were religious prohibitions, which limited the possibility of such matrimonial alliances. Historians discuss about permissible in such cases, the degree of kinship in marriages. This article focuses on the role of the 7th-degree relatives in the dynastic marriages of Rurikids in the XII century. The author studied famous examples of conjugal unions between different lines of descendants of Yaroslav the Wise, and came to the deduction that such a degree of relationship was initially recognized as valid for the conclusion of such unions of ancient princes. At the beginning of the century, this tradition was connected with family of Vladimir Monomakh. Later it continued among the descendants as Monomakh and Oleg of Chernigov. During the second half of XII century within dynasty there were marriages of the 6th degree of kinship, but this practice was rather an exception. 7th degree of kinship remained closest to Rurikids in the future.
National-cultural associations of Azerbaijanis of Samara Region (1990s-the first decade of the XXI century)
Authors: Iagafova Ekaterina Andreevna , Shirinskikh Yury Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The following paper describes features of the modern cultural development of Samara regions Azerbaijanis through the prism of public companies: e.g. Samara regional public organization League of Azerbaijanis of Samara Region. The aim of the study was to identify the role of national-cultural associations in the life of Azerbaijanis of Samara and Samara Region. The work is based on field research materials the authors collected in the Azerbaijani community of Samara in 2015-2016. Civil society organizations have a potential to consolidate the community and ensure the reproduction of ethnocultural values in it. The results showed that, despite some difficulties in intra-ethnic communication, the Azerbaijani public organizations of Samara actively engaged in cultural and educational activities, directed both inward, that is, on the members of the community, and aimed to preserve and transmit ethnic and cultural values to future generations, as well as outside and aimed at foreign cultural environment and perception of a positive image of the Azerbaijani culture and on the creation of a positive image of the community members. Different kinds of artistic and sports groups, festive and memorable events, creating a real platform for intraethnic communication, play an important role for the consolidation of the diaspora groups members. A virtual platform and, at the same time, the voice of the community is the newspaper called Ochag. The existence of several independent NGOs complicates the social life of Samara Azerbaijanis, but currently observed installation on intraethnic consolidation in public organizations of Azerbaijanis allows to count on intraethnic consolidation, on overcoming disagreements and a constructive dialogue.
«Museum borders» and new identities
Authors: Grinko Ivan Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

Benedict Anderson named museum and map the main instruments in formation of national identity. Today we see a lot of new identities but the instruments are still actual. In this article the author discusses the image of borders in contemporary museum space and its new functions. Today border in museum exposition appears in many variants (maps, pictures, elements of navigation, photo or installation) so it is interesting how this phenomenon is linked with new goals of museum in contemporary world and how it influences new communities and its identities creation. The article is based on the field materials from the museums of Eastern Europe. According to our research two main functions of border image in museum space are the visiotype of territory and hronotop of the most important events in national history. Despite its original sense and meaning today image of the border in museum can unite people and evoke empathy in visitors.
Methodological aspects of specialized perceptions evaluation of young swimmers with various sports skills
Authors: Vershinin Mikhail Alexandrovich , Pinyasova Maria Valerievna
Published: December 2020

On the basis of scientific and methodical literature extensive review the authors analyze formation and development of specialized perceptions of young swimmers with different skills: a sense of time, a sense of pace and space, demonstrated both on land and in water. Two directions that are most appropriate for young swimmers specialized perceptions measurements are described: 1) to determine characteristics of absolute sensitivity thresholds of individual analyzers under indifferent activity; 2) to analyze specialized perceptions by performing special tasks in specific conditions of motor activities. One component of the so-called sense of water is relative pitch, which evaluates a swimmers ability to feel water support and is calculated in terms of technique efficiency coefficient. Body position during swimming can be assessed by stroke effort efficiency factor, which shows the ability of an athlete to make the most streamlined position. As a result it is stated that special perception of tempo, time and space for young crawl swimmers do not depend on athlete age and have considerable individual differences. The results of experimental work show that there is only one sensitive period of time to improve a sense of tempo in water and on land (at the age of 10-11) and a favorable age period to improve a sense of time in water (at the age of 11-12).
Professionally focused training of a foreign language as the advancing factor of future oil industry workers’ preparation for work at the innovative enterprises
Authors: Larionova Olga Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

In this paper we consider the problem of searching ways for a foreign-language teaching quality improvement. On the basis of the analysis of innovations introduction dynamic as a mean to increase the competitiveness within the world industry, we revealed the necessity of the professionally focused language by specialists of oil and gas branch. The author considers this level of proficiency in a foreign language as the multipurpose tool which influences the expert, the industrial process and the employer. The author sets a task to eliminate the claim of the social order for experts for the oil innovative enterprises and the level of foreign-language training of graduates. We introduce a course Integrative English for future oil industry workers on the basis of integrative approach as a solution of the developed contradictions. Special attention is paid to the making of this course. The author suggests building a course on the basis of marked-out and described principles. It is noted that training in the professionally focused foreign language with application of integrative approach and selected by the marked-out principles contents will allow to create that level of English which will meet personal needs of the expert, requirement of the enterprise and will allow to bring the organization to competitive level in the world work market.
Didactic game as a way of creating environmental awareness among students
Authors: Lizunova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

Currently mankind needs to change attitudes to nature and ensure the upbringing and education of a new generation. The basis for mankind development should be a community of man and nature. Man needs new knowledge, new system of values that should be created and educated since childhood. In these circumstances ecological education and upbringing in the modern school should be a priority. On the level of ecological education, ecological culture depends on the question of humanity survival, a possibility of a person to stay on the planet. The system of formal and non-formal education includes a large amount of environmental knowledge and skills implementing the requirements towards the growth and development of ecological culture. This article focuses on the formation of environmental knowledge among schoolchildren in the framework of the optional course Game-playing Ecology. Special attention in this matter is paid to didactic games as they have great teaching opportunities for formation of knowledge in the field of nature management and environmental protection. Properly constructed didactic game stimulates students interest and attention, develops memory, self-regulation, thinking, reinforces knowledge, skills and abilities, trains touch skills, strong-willed qualities of the child.
Features of a competency approach to the university education content implementation
Authors: Semenova Natalia Nicolaevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the reasons for the reorganization of the educational system, as well as the reasons for updating the content of education and technology. The author describes the goals of modern education, the problems of future teacher training, the problems of the Russian education system modernization, requirements for graduates of higher education institutions, the reasons of the transition from the knowledge and skills to competences, the content of the competence concept with respect to educational activities, the problems of professional competence development at graduates whose major is Teacher Education, the process of future teacher professional competence development. The author states that the competence approach implementation will affect the quality of education. The paper also deals with the problem of raising the level of future teacher professional competence. Crucial competencies are described. The paper contains the definition of professional competence, focusing on the professional competence of the teacher, the definition of value-semantic competence, general cultural competence, educational and cognitive competence, informational competence, communicative competence. The article analyzes the problems of competence-based approach implementation in the educational system, as well as the necessity of educational activities content change in higher education institutions.
Morpho-anatomical aspects of the first- and-second year leaf epidermis of some Rhododendron L. winter-green species in the Bugsko-Polessky Region
Authors: Bondar Yulia Vladimirovna , Zerkal Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses morphological and anatomical aspects of the first-and-second-year-leaf epidermis of the two winter-green species, genus Rhododendron L.: R. catawbiense Michx. and R. davidsonianum Rehd., grown in the Bugsko-Polessky Region from the seed reproduction of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The representatives of the studied genus are promising crops for planting gardens, settlements and interiors. Therefore, the study of leaf anatomy lets to find plants adaptive features to different environmental conditions and identify their adaptation capacity in the new conditions of growth. The paper identified diagnostic features, as well as similarities and differences of morphometric parameters. The research method was a comparative anatomical one. The author made a code of diagnostic features of the leaf anatomical structure, which described the views of cross sections. The character of the natural confinement species lays its mark on the formation of individual elements of the leaves structure, ensuring their successful adaptation to the new conditions of growth. The studies have shown that both species quite successfully acclimatized and are promising for mass reproduction and wider use in the Bugsko-Polessky Region, and this is supported by qualitative and quantitative indicators of the morphology and internal leaf structure.
To the question of the concepts of «historical consciousness» and «historical memory»
Authors: Repinetskaya Yuliya Solomonovna
Published: December 2020

The article defines the concepts historical consciousness and historical memory which are studied by many social sciences and are termed differently. The author indicates multiplicity of social memory as a process. Besides the public (social) memory the author distinguishes cultural memory (researched, especially recent); collective memory (faced and meaningful common experiences living together); individual memory (represented experience); historical memory, etc. Historical consciousness and historical memory are the terms that take a key position in the theory and methodology of historical science. The author of the article also draws attention to the analysis of the approaches of contemporary scientists L.P. Repina and Maurice Halbwachs (the founder of the theory of historical memory (18771945) to the interpretation of the problem. The essence of historical consciousness and memory is characterized, public consciousness is distinguished. The author draws attention to such an important aspect of the problem as identifying complex concepts-synonyms appearing in the theory and methodology of historical science like historical consciousness and historical memory. Special emphasis is made on showing dialectical unity concepts mentioned above.
Methodical bases of the modular training technology while studying grammar at non-language universities
Authors: Lopukhova Yulia Victorovna
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the need of using a modular training technology while studying grammar in a non-language high school. At the same time the great importance is given to the module structure, which must be organized in such a way that final results have to be focused on individual success of students. It becomes possible because modern modular training technologies change the form of communication between a teacher and a student. Here, education is based on subject-subject communications as one of the main goals of the modular training technology is the development of students self-education skills. The awareness of educational activity makes it possible to change the role of a teacher from the source of information into counseling and management. The teacher is released from an informational function, delegating this role to the module and some management functions become self-management ones. Students study themselves most of the time getting self-planning, self-organization, self-control, self-assessment skills. Learning content is submitted in self-contained modules, which are at the same time the bank information and the guide. The implementation of modular training technology from the point of the perspective theory of certain skills stage formation supposes that the main educational purpose can be divided into superposes in the frame of individual elements of training modules.
Lactose-positive intestinal protozoa in objects under construction soil cover of the Samara Region
Authors: Vorobjeva Kseniya Yurjevna , Prokhorova Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

Samara Region is one of the largest industrial and agricultural centers of the Russian Federation. It is characterized by a high level of urbanization. Soil degradation, its chemical and bacteriological pollution as well as declining fertility are the result of versatile economic activity in the region. The rate and level of soil pollution are actively monitored however only very scarce data on its sanitary-epidemiological condition are available. At present Samara Region is facing a boost of residential, administrative and industrial constriction which requires sanitary-epidemiological testing of soil at construction sites. The paper deals with the above mentioned problem. It has been determined that the most reliable criteria in estimating the sanitary-epidemiological condition of soil are sanitary-significant microorganisms, a group of coliform bacillus in particular. The causes and effects of urban soil pollution by microbiological contaminants have been analyzed. The role of lactose-positive intestinal protozoa as sanitary-significant microorganisms has been studied. A quantitative evaluation of lactose-positive intestinal protozoa index has been carried out for the soils below residential buildings, administrative buildings, industrial constructions as well as the utility systems area. In particular, it has been measured that the level of soil pollution by lactose positive intestinal protozoa depends on the period they have been in human use. An aggravated level of soil pollution in certain areas can be observed due to uncontrolled littering as well as pet walking or an increasing number of stray animals. Industrialized areas (oil plants) are characterized by the lowest level of lactose positive protozoa contamination which is explained by the fact that those industries use modern technologies which are able to minimize ecological risks. However, such areas are polluted in a different way. Dangerous level of soil contamination by lactose positive protozoa is registered at several large automotive plants.
Environmental monitoring of drinking water quality of Birsk central water supply
Authors: Islamova Aysylu Ayratovna , Kolbina Maria Yuryevna , Safikhanov Rishat Yakhievich
Published: December 2020

This paper examines effects of drinking water components, namely calcium and magnesium ions on the human body as well as it lists the main diseases that occur with prolonged use of hard water. Kostarevsky water intake is described as the only source of centralized water supply of the city. The paper contains data of ecological monitoring of drinking water taken from Kostarevsky water intake in Birsk from 2015 to 2017. The authors compare drinking water in Birsk and some other cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The chemical composition of the water was determined by titrimetric, gravimetric, colorimetric, organoleptic, and microbiological methods of investigation. The results of the analysis show that the water given to the population of Birsk along the central water supply line is microbiologically favorable. The chemical composition of water almost in all respects meets the requirements of Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality. However, the analysis results show that the rigidity of the water exchange is beyond the permissible limit of the norm, which can adversely affect the health of the population. The results obtained during the work can be useful for further ecological monitoring of drinking water in Birsk, Republic of Bashkortostan.
Some discussion issues of the early Neolithic study in the forest-steppe Volga region
Authors: Andreev Konstantin Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

The PhD thesis The early Neolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region was presented by the author of this annotation on December, 15th. Some of the statements presented were taken into consideration on the basis of received reviews and a number of special works of concerned researchers. The following paper deals with some issues that are clarified and some problems referring to the study of this topic that are raised. It is strongly believed that only a discussion on a wide range of key issues will contribute to a better understanding of cultural and historical processes taking place in the reporting period in the region. One of the most controversial issues in the study of the early forest-steppe Neolithic is chronology. We confirm the idea that Neolithic process in this region started at the beginning of the VII millennium BC. There are additional justifications that elshanskaya culture was divided into two types. We implement a critical analysis of the hypotheses related to the search for the origins of early Neolithic ceramic traditions. It is also claimed that the process mentioned is connected with the Central Asian region. Another problem is connected with the formation of a ceramic lygovskoy type and the influence of Neolithic groups in the Lower Volga region.