bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could Opposition to Gender-Neutral Language Become a Wedge Issue?
Authors: Reich Gary M. , Long Kristopher J.
Published: November 2024

In 2023, both Democratic and Republican elected officials supported banning official use of the gender-neutral term “Latinx.” Using a nationally representative survey sample, this study examines whether opposition to the gender-neutral term “Latinx” suggests a potential wedge issue that cuts across partisanship. We find that opposition to “Latinx” is significantly higher among Republican partisans, those who disapprove of Joe Biden as president, and those with “colder” feelings toward Democrats. Opposition to “Latinx” generally converges with factors that predict existing partisan divisions; where it diverges, it does not affect respondent evaluations of Biden or feelings about Democrats. Based on these findings, we conclude that gender-neutral language currently shows little potential as a wedge issue.
The Baptist Hospital in Gaza. Current ruins for future archaeologists?
Authors: Iwaisi Mazen
Published: November 2024

As a Palestinian archaeologist whose work is focused on the geopolitics of Palestinian archaeology practice and theory, I reflect in this provocation article on the current devastation of the Gaza Strip by Israel and how archaeology can be incorporated into Gaza’s current situation. Pertinent questions include the following: How should archaeologists treat the ruins of the Baptist Hospital or any ruins in Gaza? What should be done with all these ruins? When does democide become genocide? Is an ex situ analysis possible? Is there such a thing as archaeology without a place? What kind of ‘regime of truth’ does it establish? What ethical implications does this form of analysis have? What kind of accountability does it possess? In what ways does it shape our memories of events?
An Ontology of Social and Economic Reproduction: Modern Slavery, Housing, and Critical Realism
Authors: Iafrati Steve , Clare Nick
Published: November 2024

This paper argues that commodification of housing plays a key role in the reproduction of social and economic relations and contributes to debates by, firstly, recognising modern slavery as a fundamental intersection of economic and social vulnerability intimately connected to experiences of housing. Secondly, rather than understanding modern slavery in terms of exclusion, it should be understood as a form of adverse incorporation in the labour market and housing. Awareness, therefore, of critical realism as an analytical framework usefully takes debates beyond exploring relations between housing supply and housing experience to also include political economy and ideology. From this broader ontology of housing, it is possible to emphasise housing within reproduction of social and economic relations and consider ways in which this relates to modern slavery.
Weed control efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spray in replanting oil palm plantation areas
Authors: Che Ruzlan Kamalul Adham , Bakar Shahrul Azman bin , Che Manan Che Ahmad Hafiz , Mohd Noor Muhammad Khairul Anuar , Abd Latif Mohd Razman B. , Zainal Abidin Cik Mohd Rizuan , Jusoh Mashitah , Ahmad Hamdani Muhammad Saiful
Published: November 2024

Efficient chemical weed management considers precise application of herbicides, maximizing herbicide retention and absorption, reducing the impact of abiotic factors, and mitigating off-target movement in order to optimize herbicide efficacy. Hence, this study assessed the employability and cost-efficiency of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for pre-planting application and post-emergence selective grass weed control infesting legume cover crops (LCCs) in immature oil palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) plantation. Field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at a research center and an oil palm replanting area in Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia. Droplet deposition and distribution analyses revealed that the pressure at 0.25 MPa yielded better spraying coverage and increased droplet counts compared to 0.15 MPa. For pre-planting application, both UAV and mist blower resulted in total weed control. Meanwhile for selective grass control in the LCCs, conventional knapsack sprayer (CKS) application provided slightly better weed control than the UAV over the 12 weeks observation. However, cost-efficiency analysis revealed that UAV spraying yielded economically favorable for areas over 3,000 hectares, with potential savings ranging from 4% to 28%. Furthermore, UAV spraying demonstrated superior operational efficiency and reduced working hours by 37%, water consumption by 91%, and human labor expenses by 81% compared to both conventional methods. These findings underscore the potential of UAV-based spraying for large-scale weed control in oil palm plantations and highlight its efficiency, comparable effectiveness, and cost-saving benefits.
Validity of Social Media Assessments in Personnel Selection
Authors: Mönke Franz W. , Roulin Nicolas , Lievens Filip , Bartossek Marie Therese , Schäpers Philipp
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Approximately two out of three recruiters report screening candidates’ KSAOs (knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics like personality) or hireability based on social media platforms (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn), often referred to as cybervetting. However, various researchers cautioned against engaging in this emerging practice due to questions about the validity of social media assessments. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize initial research on the psychometric properties of social media assessments: Reliability, construct-related validity, and criterion-related validity. Our literature search yielded 12 studies with 536 raters and 2,019 ratees, and most of these studies addressed personality traits. We found that single-rater reliability of social media assessments was mostly poor; convergent validity regarding personality traits was adequate, and criterion-related validity for job-related outcomes was small or close to zero. Convergent validity tended to be higher for ratings of extraversion and lower for neuroticism. However, given that evidence was scarce, we highlight that substantial gaps in the current state of knowledge about social media assessments remain. Thus, we conclude by discussing various avenues for future research to better understand and improve their validity.
“Salty Drift” of Argo Floats Affects the Gridded Ocean Salinity Products
Authors: Liu Chao , Liang Xinfeng , Ponte Rui M. , Chambers Don P.
Published: November 2024

Salinity is an essential variable for characterizing and understanding the state of the ocean and its role in the climate system. Gridded ocean salinity products, heavily reliant on Argo float measurements since the early 2000s, are widely used in oceanographic and climate research. However, a concerning issue of instrument drift leading to spurious salinity increases (“salty drift”) has been identified in a significant number of Argo floats since 2015. This study investigates the potential consequences of this “salty drift” issue on various gridded salinity products. We compare a suite of these products and evaluate their consistency, particularly from 2015 to 2019. Our analysis reveals two major issues with the gridded salinity products after 2015: a sudden increase in global mean salinity and elevated inconsistencies between gridded salinity products. In 2015–2019, the North Indian and North Atlantic Oceans emerged as regions displaying particularly large disagreements between gridded products compared to the prior period, 2010–2014. These findings highlight the substantial impact of the “salty drift” on the reliability of the gridded salinity products. They also underline the critical need for the oceanography community to address these issues to ensure the validity of future ocean and climate studies that utilize gridded salinity products.
A Database for Simultaneous Observations of the Earth's Magnetosheath by Cluster and MMS Between 2017 and 2021
Authors: Munteanu Costel , Teodorescu Eliza , Echim Marius , Dumitru Daniel , Voitcu Gabriel , Teodorescu Maximilian , Negrea Cătălin
Published: November 2024

This paper describes a catalog of simultaneous observations of the Earth's magnetosheath by ESA's Cluster and NASA's MMS missions. The catalog is built from a visual inspection of summary plots provided by the two missions complemented by an analysis of high‐resolution magnetic field data. The catalog includes 117 events when Cluster 4 and MMS 4 crossed simultaneously the magnetosheath between January–April, 2017–2021. The dynamical and turbulent features of the magnetosheath are strongly influenced by θBn, the angle between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the shock normal direction. To facilitate such investigations, we also determine the bow shock geometry for each event based on two different approaches: (a) a minimum variance analysis of in‐situ magnetic field measurements, and (b) a geometrical approach which considers a bow shock model parameterized by OMNI data. A description of spacecraft trajectory during each event is also provided. Additional data describe the relative distances between Cluster 4 and MMS 4, a classification of each event as either quasi‐parallel or quasi‐perpendicular, and the distribution of events per magnetospheric flank. The time intervals for the Cluster ‐ MMS conjunctions are included in the catalog, as well as all associated figures and tables discussed in this paper are made available through an independent online data repository, and can be freely downloaded and used by any interested researcher.
Nocturnal Sporadic Cusp‐Type Layer (Esc) Resulting From Anomalous Excess Ionization Over the SAMA Region During the Extreme Magnetic Storm on 11 May 2024
Authors: Resende L. C. A. , Zhu Y. , Santos A. M. , Chagas R. A. J. , Denardini C. M. , Arras C. , Da Silva L. A. , Nogueira P. A. B. , Chen S. S. , Andrioli V. F. , Moro J. , Costa J. R. , Li H. , Wang C. , Liu Z.
Published: November 2024

Digisonde data showed a peculiar behavior in the nighttime lower ionosphere over Cachoeira Paulista (CXP, 22.7°S, 45°W, dip ∼35°), a low‐latitude station located inside the South American Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) during the main phase of the extreme magnetic storm on 11 May 2024. The E region appeared in observational data at high altitudes after sunset, which is unexpected. In sequence, it performed an unusual descending movement due to the disturbed electric field. The extra ionization responsible for forming the nocturnal E layer is due to the precipitation (EPP) of low energic (<30 keV) particles. Moreover, a diurnal cusp‐type Es layer (Esc) appeared simultaneously, which has never been reported in the literature at such hours. Thus, the results further suggest that the EPP may have caused an oscillation in the thermosphere, forming the Esc usually seen in the daytime. Therefore, this study shows the different mechanisms acting together during this magnetic storm, creating a daytime ionosphere after sunset over the SAMA region, as confirmed by observational data and simulations.
Identifying genetic targets in clinical subtypes of Parkinson’s disease for optimizing pharmacological treatment strategies
Authors: Kong Dewen , Li Cao , Ma LingYan , Du Lida , Jiang Nan , Zhao Xiaoyue , Zhang Sen , Zhao Zhigang , Fang Lianhua , Du Guanhua
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been recognized in clinical, with patients categorized into distinct subsets based on motor phenotype, such as tremor-dominant PD (TD), postural instability and gait difficulty-dominant PD (PIGD) and mixed PD (Mix). Despite this categorization, the underlying mechanisms of this heterogeneity remain poorly understood, and there is no personalized effective treatment for each PD subtype. To address this, a rat model for PD subtypes was established by unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA, followed by cluster analysis of behavioral data. The serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) and uric acid (UA) levels as well as alterations in brain autonomic activity in rats were consistent with clinical patients, and metabolomics results showed that more than 70% of the metabolites in the serum of different subtypes of PD rats and clinical patients appeared to be consistently altered. Further transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq has elucidated that the development of PD subtypes is associated with altered gene expression in neurotransmitter, neuronal damage in the central or peripheral nervous system, and lipid metabolism. In addition, based on the subtype-specific differentially expressed genes, 25 potential drug candidates were identified. Notably, the Alox15 inhibitor baicalein showed a greater efficacy on Mix rats, highlighting the possibility of selecting targeted treatments for well-defined individuals.
New insights into the role of the CHI3L2 protein in invasive ductal breast carcinoma
Authors: Rusak Agnieszka , Kątnik Ewa , Górnicki Tomasz , Schmuttermaier Christina , Kujawa Krzysztof , Piotrowska Aleksandra , Ratajczak-Wielgomas Katarzyna , Kmiecik Alicja , Wojnar Andrzej , Dzięgiel Piotr , Kzhyshkowska Julia
Published: November 2024

Chitinase-like proteins have multiple biological functions that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Expression of CHI3L2, which is similar in structure to CHI3L1, is detected in glioma cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in glioma and breast cancer. However, its exact role remains unclear. We analyzed the expression of CHI3L2 in 74 invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) tumors, breast cancer and macrophages cell cultures using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot and PCR methods. Clinicopathologic data were included in the analysis. The results obtained show that CHI3L2 expression decreases with increasing degree of tumor grade and negative status of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). Furthermore, CHI3L2 is significantly and positively correlated with phosphorylation of STAT-3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, but negatively correlated with macrophage infiltration. CHI3L2 is expressed both in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and in macrophages and may regulate STAT-3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of the clinicopathologic data revealed that CHI3L2 levels had no effect on patient survival. CHI3L2 expression may be specific for cancer cells in IDC and involved in cross-talk with the tumor microenvironment. Our study has shown that IDC cancer cells express the CHI3L2 protein, possibly indicating a novel function of this protein.
Three-year changes in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T and total mortality in older adults
Authors: Dallmeier Dhayana , Braisch Johanna , Denkinger Michael , Koenig Wolfgang , Rothenbacher Dietrich
Published: November 2024

Elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT) is associated with mortality in older adults. However, little is known about the implications of changes over time. We investigated hs-cTnT 3-year change and its association with subsequent mortality in the Activity and Function in the Elderly Study. Participants with baseline and follow-up hs-cTnT < 5 ng/L built the reference group (G1 = 156). Five groups were defined among those with an increment over time: Undetectable at baseline: follow-up < 14 ng/L (G2 = 295), follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L (G3 = 24). Baseline 5 to <14 ng/L: follow-up < 14 ng/L (G4 = 101), follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L (G5 = 96). G6 included baseline and follow-up > 14 ng/L (n = 74). Cox-proportional hazards models evaluated the association with mortality adjusting for age, sex, education, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, number of medications, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP. Among 745 participants (median age 75.9 years, 58.9% male) we observed 98 deaths (median follow-up 4.8 years). G1 had the lowest mortality rate (MR) (5.2 per 1000 person-years). The highest MR were observed by follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L: G3: 95.4 and G6: 100.4 per 1000 person-years, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 5.22 [95% CI 1.46, 18.65] and 3.40 [95% CI 1.02, 11.34], respectively. Hs-cTnT trajectories could help to identify older adults with a high mortality risk even after further adjustment including hs-CRP and NT-proBNP.
An effective robot selection and recharge scheduling approach for improving robotic networks performance
Authors: ElSayyad Shimaa E. , Saleh Ahmed I. , Ali Hesham A. , Saraya M. S. , Rabie Asmaa H. , Abdelsalam Mohamed M.
Published: November 2024

With the ability of servers to remotely control and manage a mobile robot, mobile robots are becoming more widespread as a form of remote communication and human-robot interaction. Controlling these robots, however, can be challenging because of their power consumption, delays, or the challenge of selecting the right robot for a certain task. This paper introduces a novel methodology for enhancing the efficacy of a mobile robotic network. The key two contributions of our suggested methodology are: I: A recommended strategy that eliminates the unwieldy robots before selecting the ideal robot to satisfy the task. II: A suggested procedure that uses a fuzzy algorithm to schedule the robots that need to be recharged. Since multiple robots may need to be recharged at once, this process aims to manage and control the recharging of robots in order to avoid conflicts or crowding. The suggested approach aims to preserve the charging capacity, physical resources (e.g. Hardware components), and battery life of the robots by loading the application onto a remote server node instead of individual robots. Furthermore, our solution makes use of fog servers to speed up data transfers between smart devices and the cloud, it is also used to move processing from remote cloud servers closer to the robots, improving on-site access to location-based services and real-time interaction. Simulation results showed that, our method achieved a 2.4% improvement in average accuracy and a 2.2% enhancement in average power usage over the most recent methods in the same comparable settings.
No differences between remote and laboratory-based testing of cardiac interoceptive accuracy using the phase adjustment task
Authors: Spooner Ria , Bird Jonathan M. , Clemente Rhea , Izagirre Nerea Irigoras , Fueyo Elisa Fernandez , Watling Dawn , Plans David , Brewer Rebecca , Bird Geoffrey , Murphy Jennifer
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in remote testing methods for quantifying individual differences in interoception, the perception of the body’s internal state. Hampering the adoption of remote methods are concerns as to the quality of data obtained remotely. Using data from several studies, we sought to compare the performance of individuals who completed the Phase Adjustment Task—a new measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy that can be administered via a smartphone application—supervised in a laboratory against those who completed the task remotely. Across a total sample of 205 individuals (119 remote and 86 laboratory), we observed no significant differences in task performance between the two groups. These results held when matching groups on demographic variables (e.g., age) and considering only individuals who had successfully completed a screener task. Overall, these data attest to the suitability of the Phase Adjustment Task for remote testing, providing an opportunity to collect larger and more diverse samples for future interoception research.
UV LED disinfection as a novel treatment for common salmonid pathogens
Authors: Rauch Kyle D. , Bennett Jessica L. , Stoddart Amina K. , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: November 2024

Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri are common pathogenic bacteria that impact salmonid aquaculture. Although vaccinations are available against both organisms, large-scale vaccination efforts can be expensive, cumbersome, and are not always reliable. Alternatively, these pathogens have been effectively inactivated using UV radiation from mercury-based systems. These systems are energy intensive and fragile which currently limits their use to closed and semi-closed production systems. UV light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have recently emerged as a novel alternative to traditional mercury-based treatment. UV LEDs have durable housing, a relatively low energy draw, can be powered by a battery source and are adaptable to challenging environments. This study examined the effectiveness of three UV LED wavelengths for disinfection of A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri in pure culture and resuspended in a wastewater matrix. All tested UV LEDs were effective in disinfecting both organisms. 267 and 279 nm wavelengths outperformed 255 nm disinfection in both test matrices. Particulate matter from wastewater reduced the upper limit of treatment for A. salmonicida but results still indicated that all wavelengths were effective for disinfection in a challenging matrix. This study represents the first use of UV LEDs for disinfection of A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri and provides impact to aquaculture producers looking to implement novel technologies for disease control.
4-Furanylvinylquinoline derivative as a new scaffold for the design of oxidative stress initiator and glucose transporter inhibitor drugs
Authors: Kuczak Michał , Cieślik Wioleta , Musioł Robert , Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz Anna
Published: November 2024

In the present study, a detailed analysis of the effect of a substitution at the C4 position of the quinoline ring by styryl or furanylvinyl substituents on the structure-antitumour activity relationship was conducted. After analysing a library of derivatives from the styrylquinoline and furanylvinylquinoline groups, we selected the most active (IC50 below 100 nM) derivative 13, which contained the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group in the furan substituent. The mechanism of action of this compound was studied on cell lines that differed in their p53 protein status. For this derivative, both cell cycle arrest (in G2/M phase in both HCT 116 cell lines and S phase for U-251 cell line) and the induction of apoptosis (up to 66% for U-251 cell line) were revealed. These studies were then confirmed by other methods at the gene and protein levels. Interestingly, we observed differences in the mechanism of action depending on the presence and mutation of the p53 protein, thus confirming its key role in cellular processes. Incubation with derivative 13 resulted in the induction of oxidative stress and triggered a cascade of cellular defence proteins that failed in the face of such an active compound. In addition, the results showed an inhibition of the GLUT-1 glucose transporter, which is extremely important in the context of anti-cancer activity.
A high-efficiency and long-cycling aqueous indium metal battery enabled by synergistic In3+/K+ interactions
Authors: Chang Songyang , Hou Wentao , Conde-Delmoral Amanda , Ullah Irfan , Florez Gomez Jose Fernando , Morell Gerardo , Wu Xianyong
Published: November 2024

The synergistic K+/In3+ interactions lead to a high-performance aqueous indium metal battery with high efficiency and long cycling life.
Electrochemical analysis of anticancer and antibiotic drugs in water and biological specimens
Authors: Qureshi Ayesha , Shah Afzal , Iftikhar Faiza Jan , Haleem Abdul , Zia Muhammad Abid
Published: November 2024

The increasing prevalence of pharmaceuticals in water and complex matrices necessitates accurate measurement and monitoring of their environmental contamination levels.
Direct dimethyl carbonate synthesis from CO2 and methanol over a flower-like CeO2 catalyst with 2-cyanopyridine as a dehydrating agent in continuous packed-bed reactor
Authors: Sereewatthanawut Issara , Swadchaipong Notsawan , Tongnan Vut , Khajonvittayakul Chalempol , Maneesard Panupan , Ampairojanawong Rossarin , Makdee Ammarika , Hartley Matthew , Li Kang , Hartley Unalome Wetwatana
Published: November 2024

A flower-like CeO2 was synthesized using an acrylamide graft copolymerized on glucose under hydrothermal conditions and used for the direct synthesis of DMC from CO2 and CH3OH in a packed-bed reactor with 2-cyanopyridine as a dehydrating agent.
The Kondo effect in superparamagnetic 30% Co–Ni/NiO nanocomposites: detailed transport and magnetic investigations
Authors: Kamble Shilpa D. , Kamble Charudipa D. , Gawai Umesh P. , Kumar Devendra , Chavan Padmakar G. , Gurav Sanjay K.
Published: November 2024

Sample exhibited key magnetic and transport properties, including negative magnetoresistance and a resistivity upturn at low temperatures, which are indicative of the Kondo effect. A metal–insulator transition was observed around the Kondo temperature (TK ≈ 29.8 K), with resistivity.
Sugar mimics and their probable binding sites: design and synthesis of thiazole linked coumarin-piperazine hybrids as galectin-1 inhibitors
Authors: Sethi Aaftaab , Kumar Janish , Vemula Divya , Gadde Divya , Talla Venu , Qureshi Insaf A. , Alvala Mallika
Published: November 2024

Synthesis of Gal-1 inhibitors with binding site analysis using 1.2 μs MD replicas and machine learning.
Evaluation of design and device parameters for lead-free Sr3PBr3/Sr3NCl3 duel-layer perovskite photovoltaic device technology
Authors: Reza Md. Shamim , Ghosh Avijit , Drissi Nidhal , Al-Dmour Hmoud , Prodhan Ripan Kumar , Islam Md Majharul , Begum Shirin , Reza Md. Selim , Sultana Sabina
Published: November 2024

The study looks into how Sr3PBr3 and Sr3NCl3 double perovskite materials can be used as absorbers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Discovering virtual Na-based argyrodites as solid-state electrolytes using DFT, AIMD, and machine learning techniques
Authors: Lee Byung Do , Gavali Deepak Subhash , Kim Heejeong , Kim Seonghwan , Cho Min Young , Pyo Kyunglim , Lee Young-Kook , Park Woon Bae , Sohn Kee-Sun
Published: November 2024

In light of the current absence of experimentally synthesized Na-based argyrodites, we systematically investigated a large compositional space comprising 4375 hypothetical Na-based argyrodite structures through DFT and AIMD calculations.
Electrochemically controllable emission and coloration using a modified electrode with a layered clay compound containing viologen derivative and europium(iii) complex
Authors: Cao Rong , Kobayashi Naoto , Nakamura Kazuki , Kobayashi Norihisa
Published: November 2024

A novel dual-mode display device capable of achieving electro-switchable emission and coloration based on a clay/HV2+/Eu(iii) complex was developed. The color switch is controlled by the redox reaction of the HV2+ molecule.
Privacy preserving large language models: ChatGPT case study based vision and framework
Authors: Ullah Imdad , Hassan Najm , Gill Sukhpal Singh , Suleiman Basem , Ahanger Tariq Ahamed , Shah Zawar , Qadir Junaid , Kanhere Salil S.
Published: November 2024

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical information such as context, specific details, identifying information, use this information in the training process, and generate responses for the requested queries. The extracted data also contain sensitive information, seriously threatening user privacy and reluctance to use such tools. This article proposes the conceptual model called PrivChatGPT, a privacy‐preserving model for LLMs consisting of two main components, that is, preserving user privacy during the data curation/pre‐processing and preserving private context and the private training process for large‐scale data. To demonstrate the applicability of PrivChatGPT, it is shown how a private mechanism could be integrated into the existing model for training LLMs to protect user privacy; specifically, differential privacy and private training using Reinforcement Learning (RL) were employed. The privacy level probabilities are associated with the document contents, including the private contextual information, and with metadata, which is used to evaluate the disclosure probability loss for an individual's private information. The privacy loss is measured and the measure of uncertainty or randomness is evaluated using entropy once differential privacy is applied. It recursively evaluates the level of privacy guarantees and the uncertainty of public databases and resources during each update when new information is added for training purposes. To critically evaluate the use of differential privacy for private LLMs, other mechanisms were hypothetically compared such as Blockchain, private information retrieval, randomisation, obfuscation, anonymisation, and the use of Tor for various performance measures such as the model performance and accuracy, computational complexity, privacy vs. utility, training latency, vulnerability to attacks, and resource consumption. It is concluded that differential privacy, randomisation, and obfuscation can impact the training models' utility and performance; conversely, using Tor, Blockchain, and Private Information Retrieval (PIR) may introduce additional computational complexity and high training latency. It is believed that the proposed model could be used as a benchmark for privacy‐preserving LLMs for generative AI tools.
HRRPGraphNet: Make HRRPs to be graphs for efficient target recognition
Authors: Chen Lingfeng , Sun Xiao , Pan Zhiliang , Liu Qi , Wang Zehao , Su Xiaolong , Liu Zhen , Hu Panhe
Published: November 2024

High Resolution Range Profiles (HRRPs) have become a key area of focus in the domain of Radar Automatic Target Recognition (RATR). Despite the success of deep learning based HRRP recognition, these methods needs a large amount of training samples to generate good performance, which could be a severe challenge under non‐cooperative circumstances. Currently, deep learning based models treat HRRPs as sequences, which may lead to ignorance of the internal relationship of range cells. This letter proposes HRRPGraphNet, a novel graph‐theoretic approach, whose primary innovation is the use of the graph‐theory of HRRP which models the spatial relationships among range cells through a range cell amplitude‐based node vector and a range‐relative adjacency matrix, enabling efficient extraction of both local and global features in noneuclidean space. Experiments on the aircraft electromagnetic simulation dataset confirmed HRRPGraphNet's superior accuracy and robustness compared with existing methods, particularly in limited training sample condition. This underscores the potential of graph‐driven innovations in enhancing HRRP‐based RATR, offering a significant advancement over sequence‐based methods.
Unsupervised person re‐identification based on adaptive information supplementation and foreground enhancement
Authors: Wang Qiang , Huang Zhihong , Fan Huijie , Fu Shengpeng , Tang Yandong
Published: November 2024

Unsupervised person re‐identification has attracted vital interest because of its ability to protect privacy, significantly lower the expense of manual annotation, and eliminate the need for data labels. General unsupervised methods train the network only through global features, which causes the fine‐grained information contained in local features to be ignored in the recognition process, resulting in large amounts of label noise and affecting the recognition accuracy. Moreover, more robust pedestrian features can also improve the accuracy of clustering and enable unsupervised person re‐identification to obtain better results. To address these issues, first, a dual‐branch structure was proposed, which separately obtains the global features of the pedestrian and the local features by dividing the global features into a few equal sections. Then, an adaptive information supplementation (AIS) method based on the k‐nearest neighbor algorithm is designed to ascertain each local feature's relevance to the global features, calculating adaptive weight scores for information supplementation. Finally, these weight scores are used to reallocate the weights of the global features in each part, acquiring features that contain more pedestrian information during the representation learning process. These better features are used to reduce label noise to obtain more accurate pseudo‐labels. Second, an adaptive foreground enhancement module (AFEM) was proposed and inserted before clustering to increase the robustness of pedestrian features, which increases the precision of the pseudo‐labels that are produced after clustering. Experiments on Market‐1501, DukeMTMC‐reID, and MSMT17 demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better results than state‐of‐the‐art methods in fully unsupervised person re‐identification tasks.
A novel PWM plus phase shift modulation strategy for three‐level isolated dual‐active‐bridge DC–DC converters
Authors: Cheng Yan , Sun Shumin , Xu Fei , Yu Peng , Wang Nan , Wang Shibo , Zhou Guangqi , Wang Chenglong
Published: November 2024

A hybrid‐three‐level isolated dual‐active‐bridge (HTDAB) DC–DC converter is widely used for grid‐interactive power converters. However, a traditional extended‐phase‐shift (EPS) modulation scheme would cause voltage‐level‐disorder (VLD) problems in HDAB DC–DC converter system because the output voltage of HTDAB would be clamped at a high‐ or low‐level during power transmission when the inductor current changes directions. Thus, the zero voltage sequence of the HTDAB cannot be stably maintained under EPS control, which not only leads to a significant difference between the actual transmission power and the target output power but also seriously affects the stability of the system control. To address this limitation, the reasons leading to VLD are analysed in detail, that is, an inappropriate PWM switching sequence at the output zero voltage level would occur under EPS control. Then, a novel PWM plus phase shift (PPS) modulation strategy is proposed, which can eliminate VLD completely. Finally, an experimental prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PPS modulation scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the PPS modulation method proposed in this article can effectively eliminate level disturbances and improve system stability.
A fast hysteresis analysis based on neural network and play model
Authors: Jibiki Takuto , Igarashi Hajime
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a fast hysteresis loss analysis method based on neural network, which predicts the hysteresis loss from the waveform of the magnetic flux density in a magnetic core. The hysteresis loss data used to train the neural network is computed using the play model which can accurately account for hysteresis characteristics such as minor loops and DC bias. The proposed method can perform loss analysis 2,000 times faster than conventional methods. The proposed method is highly effective when harmonic components are superimposed on the input waveforms and when loss analysis is performed for a large number of different waveforms.
Le tamoxifène, une molécule à fort potentiel thérapeutique pour toutes les myopathies centronucléaires
Authors: Gineste Charlotte , Laporte Jocelyn
Published: November 2024

Les myopathies centronucléaires sont des maladies congénitales rares, caractérisées par une faiblesse musculaire et un positionnement anormal des organites. Les principaux gènes associés à ces pathologies sont MTM1 (codant la myotubularine 1), DNM2 (codant la dynamine 2), BIN1 (codant le bridging integrator 1) et RYR1 (codant le récepteur à la ryanodine 1). À ce jour, aucun traitement n’est approuvé. Cependant, le tamoxifène, une molécule déjà utilisée en clinique dans le cancer du sein, a montré des effets positifs sur le phénotype musculaire de modèles murins qui reproduisent trois des formes principales de myopathies centronucléaires. Dans cet article, les effets du tamoxifène sont comparés pour les différentes formes de ces pathologies.
Cellules souches musculaires et métabolisme dans la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne, focus sur la kinase AMPK
Authors: Saugues Audrey , Kneppers Anita , Mounier Rémi
Published: November 2024

Par leur activité myogénique, les cellules souches musculaires (CSM) adultes sont cruciales pour la régénération du muscle strié squelettique. Après activation, elles prolifèrent, se différencient puis fusionnent pour réparer ou former de nouvelles myofibres. Leur progression au cours de la myogenèse nécessite une régulation complexe faisant intervenir plusieurs acteurs tels que le métabolisme, notamment via la kinase AMPK. Cette protéine régule l’auto-renouvellement et l’accrétion myonucléaire des CSM après une lésion aiguë du muscle strié squelettique ou en réponse à la contraction musculaire. Cependant, dans un contexte de dystrophie telle que la myopathie de Duchenne (DMD), la capacité de régénération des CSM est réduite, probablement à cause d’une prolifération accrue au détriment de leur différenciation. Nous nous intéressons ici au potentiel du métabolisme à réguler l’activité myogénique des CSM dans la DMD, par l’intermédiaire de la kinase AMPK.
Place de l’infirmier(ère) en pratique avancée (IPA) dans le suivi de l’insuffisance respiratoire du patient neuromusculaire
Authors: Kraiem Raja
Published: November 2024

Cette étude centrée sur le suivi de l’insuffisance respiratoire (IR) des patients atteints de maladies neuromusculaires (MNM) met l’accent sur la nécessité d’améliorer l’offre de soins et de pallier les ruptures de parcours. L’infirmier(ère) en pratique avancée (IPA), dans une dynamique pluridisciplinaire, pourrait ainsi être le maillon manquant.

L’amélioration de la prise en charge des MNM est au cœur des préoccupations de la filière de santé maladies rares neuromusculaires Filnemus, des centres de référence et de l’AFM-Téléthon. C’est aussi, chez eux, que se discutent les besoins d’IPA spécialisée dans les affections neuromusculaires et qui pourrait répondre à des besoins non couverts ou insuffisamment couverts dans le parcours de santé.
Correlation of HPV-16, HPV-18 Genotypes with p16 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer: A Study from Western India
Authors: Jethva Disha D. , Kapadia Trushika R. , Gajjar Kinjal K. , Mandalia Toral H. , Vora Hemangini H. , Trivedi Priti , Patel Jayendrakumar B.
Published: November 2024

Objectives This retrospective study aims to elucidate the clinical associations of HPV-16, HPV-18, and p16 expression with clinicopathological parameters, risk behaviors, and survival outcomes in head and neck cancer patients from the western Indian population.

Methods Clinical data of total 92 enrolled HNC patients diagnosed between years 2021 and 2023 were retrospectively collected from medical records. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of all enrolled patients were collected whose p16 expression by immunohistochemistry tests were already performed. HPV-16 and HPV-18 infection was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between viral status, p16 expression, clinicopathological parameters, risk behaviors, and survival outcomes were assessed using SPSS statistical software version 20. p-Value ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results Among the 92 enrolled HNC patients, HPV-16 infection was detected in only 12 (13%) patients, with the remaining 80 (87%) testing negative. No HPV-18 infections were observed in any patient. Additionally, p16 expression was positive in only 13 (14%) patients, while 79 (86%) showed negative expression. A statistically significant correlation was found between metastasis involvement and positive HPV-16 infection (p < 0.001), with all HPV-16-positive cases exhibiting metastasis. A trend was also noted between the base of tongue and other clinical site subtypes with positive HPV-16 infection (p = 0.063). However, no other clinicopathological or risk behaviors showed significant associations with HPV-16 infection and p16 expression. Overall survival analysis revealed that neither HPV-16 infection nor p16 expression served as significant prognosticators in the HNC patient cohort (p > 0.05).

Conclusion This study provides comprehensive insights into the clinical relevance of HPV-16, HPV-18 infections, and p16 expression in HNC among the western Indian population. Understanding the associations between HPV-16, HPV-18, and p16 expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes may aid in optimizing patient management strategies, including personalized treatment approaches and targeted interventions. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic implications.
Transfer phenomena associated with sound propagation in a moving He II film
Authors: Ivantsov V. G. , Esel'son B. N. , Mikhailov G. A. , Shcherbachenko R. I.
Published: November 2024

The influence of an alternating electric field on He II film transfer is investigated by a precision method developed for reading the helium level in the ampoule. A detailed analysis of the frequency dependence of the effect makes it possible to estimate the characteristic times of the dissipative processes generated during motion of the He II film. It is shown that the magnitude of the effect is mainly determined by the level difference and to a lesser extent by the height of the film. The results are compared with the theoretical conclusions. Special experiments exhibit the hypothetical applicability of the given effect in the technology for achieving low temperatures.
Magnetic properties of layered superconductors
Authors: Kulik I. O. , Minenko E. V.
Published: November 2024

The magnetic properties of layered superconductor compounds are analyzed with the Josephson model of interlayer coupling. It is shown that, with the magnetic field oblique to the layers, a “three-dimensional” vortex structure appears in the system, where the local magnetic field intensity is modulated in the planes of layers as well as in the z-direction normal to them. When the modulation period in the z-direction is comparable with the period of the crystal lattice, then the energy of the system passes through a local minimum. This leads to a stabilization of the three-dimensional vortex structures at certain discrete values of angle θN. The Ginzburg-Landau differential-difference equation is derived again and certain significant terms are shown in it which those authors have neglected. An attempt is made to compare the predictions based on this study with the experimental results obtained by Morris and Coleman.
Influence of a normal metal coating on the phase diagram of a superconducting microcylinder
Authors: Shablo A. A. , Tyurin S. A. , Dmitrenko I. M.
Published: November 2024

The influence of a normal metal coating on quantization of the magnetic flux in superconducting simply connected tin microcylinders is studied experimentally. It is shown that a normal metal coating, characterized by the extrapolation length b, causes a change in the nature of superconducting phase formation in the specimen. The oscillations Hc3(T) vanish for small values of b, and the field of superconductivity nucleation coincides with the field Hc2.
Energy gap and heat transfer mechanisms in superconductors with high impurity concentration
Authors: Anders É. E. , Sukharevskii B. Ya.
Published: November 2024

Results of an experimental study of the thermal and electrical conductivity of niobium-zirconium solid solutions within a wide range of concentrations (5, 7.5, 10, and 20 at. % zirconium) at temperatures between 2.5°K to 20°K are presented. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity in the range 2.5−18°K is studied for 10 at. % zirconium doped solid solution. The data make it possible to determine the temperature dependence of the energy gap of the specimens. The role of gas impurities in the formation of the energy gap is discussed. Phonon scattering mechanisms in the superconducting and normal states are established.
Quantum oscillations of ultrasound attenuation in metals with linear chains of magnetic breakdown orbits
Authors: Ginzburg VI. L.
Published: November 2024

Quantum oscillations in the coefficient of ultrasound attenuation by electrons in metals when kH = 0 (k is the sound wave vector, H is the magnetic field vector) are considered under conditions of magnetic breakdown. It is shown that in the case where the magnetic breakdown trajectories have the form of linear chains it is possible to observe oscillations represented by a set of sharp resonance peaks. An abrupt increase in the attenuation is due to the fact that for discrete values of the magnetic field the electron orbits are closed and the electron enters a region with the same sound wave phase field many times during the course of its mean free path. An expression for the attentuation coefficient is obtained and the line shape of the peak is investigated. It is shown that the existence of peaks is possible only in the case where the angle between the vector k and the direction of the open trajectories in momentum space is not small. For very small angles the oscillations are sinusoidal while the ratio of their amplitude to the monotonic part of the attenuation coefficient falls sharply.
The radioelectric effect accompanying the nonlinear absorption of helicons in metals
Authors: Vugal'ter G. A. , Demikhovskii V. Ya.
Published: November 2024

The radioelectric current developed in a metal upon helicon propagation is calculated under conditions where the basic damping mechanism is Landau magnetic damping. If the condition ω0τ≳1 is fulfilled, trapping of resonant electrons by magnetic “bottles” becomes significant and the wave damping coefficient decreases. This leads to a reduction in the ratio of the radioelectric current to the wave power introduced into the specimen. A method is proposed for the direct measurement of the radioelectric current in metals. Numerical estimates of the effect are presented.
Josephson vortices in bridges of variable thickness
Authors: Kupriyanov M. Yu. , Likharev K. K. , Semenov V. K.
Published: November 2024

The static and dynamic properties of Josephson vortices in a bridge of variable thickness situated above a superconducting screen are theoretically studied. The shape and energy of the vortex as well the viscosity coefficient, which is a function of the density and velocity of the vortex structure, are found. The effect of the finite bridge dimension on the motion of the vortices is studied.
Departure from Mathiessen’s rule in dilute cadmium alloys within the 2–14 °K temperature range
Authors: Aleksandrov B. N. , Petrova O. I.
Published: November 2024

Within the 2−11 °K temperature range, where Bloch’s law ρ(T) = AT5 holds true for pure cadmium (with δ0 = 1.5 × 10−5), a study has been made concerning the effect of small quantities (≤0.1%) of Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Hg, In, and T1 impurities on the coefficient A. This law holds true for alloys at temperatures T ≤ 6°K, where A ∼ log ρ0 and depends on the kind of impurity. The kind of impurity affects this coefficient to the extent that it affects ρ0 and, moreover, the effect of mechanical deformation is similar to that of an impurity, while the magnitude of A does not depend on the dimensional effect. The results obtained here are interpreted qualitatively in the light of the Kagan-Zhernov theory. It is established that the temperature Tres at which the resistivity of an alloy may be considered equal to its residual resistivity ρ0 depends only on the magnitude of ρ0 and does not depend on the kind of impurity and on the size of the specimen.
Structure of solid N2-Ar binary mixtures
Authors: Kovalenko S. I. , Krupskii I. N. , Solodovnik A. A.
Published: November 2024

The structure of solid N2-Ar mixtures has been investigated by the transmission electron diffraction method. The observations were conducted both at the condensation temperatures (5°K and 28 °K to 30 °K) and in the process of subsequent temperature change right up to sublimation of the specimens, which took place at T = 33°K to T = 35 °K. Analysis of the experimental data carried out in the paper showed that in the high temperature region in the indicated system, the equilibrium phase is hexagonal close packed. With decrease of temperature, either a face centered cubic, an α-N2 structure, or both phases simultaneously are realized, depending on the concentration of the components. The N2-Ar phase diagram is qualitatively similar to the CO-Ar diagram. It has been determined that a solution of argon in solid nitrogen leads to excessive loosening of the N2 lattice. Possible reasons for this effect are presented.