bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Healing of Semantically Interoperable Smart and Prescriptive Edge Devices in IoT
Authors: Dimara Asimina , Vasilopoulos Vasileios-Georgios , Papaioannou Alexios , Angelis Sotirios , Kotis Konstantinos , Anagnostopoulos Christos-Nikolaos , Krinidis Stelios , Ioannidis Dimosthenis , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: November 2022

Smart homes enhance energy efficiency without compromising residents’ comfort. To support smart home deployment and services, an IoT network must be established, while energy-management techniques must be applied to ensure energy efficiency. IoT networks must perpetually operate to ensure constant energy and indoor environmental monitoring. In this paper, an advanced sensor-agnostic plug-n-play prescriptive edge-to-edge IoT network management with micro-services is proposed, supporting also the semantic interoperability of multiple smart edge devices operating in the smart home network. Furthermore, IoT health-monitoring algorithms are applied to inspect network anomalies taking proper healing actions/prescriptions without the need to visit the residency. An autoencoder long short-term memory (AE-LSTM) is selected for detecting problematic situations, improving error prediction to 99.4%. Finally, indicative evaluation results reveal the mitigation of the IoT system breakdowns.
Improved IDW Interpolation Application Using 3D Search Neighborhoods: Borehole Data-Based Seismic Liquefaction Hazard Assessment and Mapping
Authors: Kim Jongkwan , Han Jintae , Park Kahyun , Seok Sangmuk
Published: November 2022

Traditional inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation is a process employed to estimate unknown values based on neighborhoods in 2D space. Proposed in this study is an improved IDW interpolation method that uses 3D search neighborhoods for effective interpolation on vertically connected observation data, such as water level, depth, and altitude. Borehole data are the data collected by subsurface boring activities and exhibit heterogeneous spatial distribution as they are densely populated near civil engineering or construction sites. In addition, they are 3D spatial data that show different subsurface characteristics by depth. The subsurface characteristics observed as such are used as core data in spatial modeling in fields, such as geology modeling, estimation of groundwater table distribution, global warming assessment, and seismic liquefaction assessment, among others. Therefore, this study proposed a seismic liquefaction assessment and mapping workflow using an improved IDW application by combining geographic information system (GIS) (ArcGIS (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA)), NURBS-based 3D CAD system (Rhino/Grasshopper (Robert McNeel & Associates, Seattle, WA, USA)), and numerical analysis system (MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA)). The 3D neighborhood search was conducted by the B-rep-based 3D topology analysis, and the mapping was done under the 2.5D environment by combining the voxel layer, DEM, and aerial images. The experiment was performed by collecting data in Songpa-gu, Seoul, which has the highest population density among the OECD countries. The results of the experiment showed between 7 and 105 areas with liquefaction potentials according to the search distance and the method of the approach. Finally, this study improved users’ accessibility to interpolation results by producing a 3D web app that used REST API based on OGC I3S Standards. Such an approach can be applied effectively in spatial modeling that uses 3D observation data, and in the future, it can contribute to the expansion of 3D GIS application.
A Graph Convolution Collaborative Filtering Integrating Social Relations Recommendation Method
Authors: Ma Min , Cao Qiong , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: November 2022

Traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms only consider the interaction between users and items leading to low recommendation accuracy. Aiming to solve this problem, a graph convolution collaborative filtering recommendation method integrating social relations is proposed. Firstly, a social recommendation model based on graph convolution representation learning and general collaborative filtering (SRGCF) is constructed; then, based on this model, a social relationship recommendation algorithm (SRRA) is proposed; secondly, the algorithm learns the representations of users and items by linear propagation on the user–item bipartite graph; then the user representations are updated by learning the representations with social information through the neighbor aggregation operation in the social network to form the final user representations. Finally, the prediction scores are calculated, and the recommendation list is generated. The comparative experimental results on four real-world datasets show that: the proposed SRRA algorithm performs the best over existing baselines on Recall@10 and NDCG@10; specifically, SRRA improved by an average of 4.40% and 9.62% compared to DICER and GraphRec, respectively, which validates that the proposed SRGCF model and SRRA algorithm are reasonable and effective.
Survival Analysis of Orthodontic Micro-Implants: A Retrospective Study on the Effects of Patient-Related Factors on Micro-Implant Success
Authors: Lee Jung-Kwang , Jha Nayansi , Kim Yoon-Ji , Lee Dong-Yul
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of patient-related factors such as anteroposterior and vertical skeletal patterns and alveolar bone density on the success rate of micro-implants. Cases of orthodontic micro-implants (n = 404; diameter, 1.6 mm; length, 6 mm) were investigated in 164 patients (127 women, 37 men; mean age, 23.6 ± 5.8 years). Cortical bone thickness and alveolar bone density were measured using diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography to examine their effects on the micro-implant’s survival. Moreover, anteroposterior and vertical facial patterns were considered as independent variables for the success of micro-implants. Marginal survival analysis was performed by analyzing the time from implant placement to the removal of the failed micro-implants, or to the end of treatment for successful micro-implants. Variables including age, sex, implantation side, implantation site, root proximity, and type of loading (immediate vs. delayed) were also assessed. In total, 347 (85.9%) of the 404 micro-implants were successful. The mean loading time was 12.4 ± 4.3 months. Marginal survival analysis showed that the effects of the anteroposterior and vertical facial patterns on the risk of failure were not statistically significant. The factors significantly associated with the micro-implant loading time were cortical bone density, root proximity, and micro-implants replanted in the same site. In conclusion, our findings indicate that anteroposterior and vertical skeletal patterns are not associated with the success of orthodontic micro-implants. Cortical bone density may be associated with the micro-implant’s success.
Obtaining Infrared Thermal Camera Sensor Calibration Data for Implementation in FireBot Autonomous Fire Protection Robot System
Authors: Balen Josip , Glavaš Hrvoje , Vdovjak Krešimir , Jakab Josip
Published: November 2022

Fire protection is one of the activities that follow the development of technology in real-time and implements all the innovations of a detection system. This paper presents a unique solution for the development of an autonomous robot for the prevention, detection, and extinguishing of fires by studying the problem of choosing the optimal early-detection sensor in the infrared part of the spectrum, which characterizes the highest level of excitation in the state of prevention. The robot is equipped with several different sensors arranged in a hierarchical structure. Thermal detection has proven to be a significant investment that can be adapted to the different complexity of the objects to be protected, taking into account image processing and modular implementation of the required sensors. To this end, it is necessary to calibrate systems for different thermal cameras. The calibration procedure on seven cameras and two pyrometers resulted in data required for input-data correction and anomaly detection. The results of the analysis confirmed that devices of a higher price range have a lower deviation from the reference value compared to low-cost technical solutions. At the same time, results were observed indicating malfunction of more expensive devices, whose data exceed the specified nominal accuracy. Thanks to the performed calibration procedure and the obtained results, the observed problem is not an obstacle for implementation in an autonomous robotic system and can be used to correct the input data required for computer analysis.
Optimization of Screen-Hole-Clearing Devices for Mechanized Residual Film–Impurity Separation
Authors: Xie Chenshuo , Kang Jianming , Peng Qiangji , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Yingkai , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Ningning
Published: November 2022

The airflow velocity in some nozzles is low, and the clearing of the nozzle is ineffective because of unreasonable airflow pipe arrangements and the distance from the nozzle to the screen surface of screen-hole-clearing devices for trommel-sieve-type residual film–impurity wind separators. In the present study, the main structure and working parameters affecting the screen hole clogging situation were determined through theoretical analysis and computational fluid dynamics simulations. In addition, a three-factor, three-level quadratic regression orthogonal center of rotation combination test was performed. The distance from the nozzle to the screen surface, fan wind speed, and the number of airflow pipes were selected as test factors, and the ratio of impurities in the residual film and the blockage ratio of the screen holes were selected as the evaluation indexes. The results indicated that the ratio of impurities in the residual film was reduced by 2.42% and the blockage ratio of the screen holes was reduced by 1.92% at a nozzle-to-screen distance of 102 mm, a fan wind speed of 24 m/s, and with four air pipes. The resulting impurity ratio in the film was 5.86%, and the blockage ratio of screen pores was 5.41%. The minimum airflow velocity of 15.8 m/s at each nozzle position of the optimized screen-hole-clearing device satisfied the requirements of screen hole clearing and blockage. Furthermore, the ratio of impurities in the residual film and the blockage ratio of the screen holes remained unchanged during the continuous operation of the device. This indicated that the optimized screen-hole-clearing device had a stable working performance. This study may provide a theoretical framework for the future development of screen-hole--clearing devices.
Single-Step Response and Determination of Power Components Mean Values of PES Using p-q Method during Transients
Authors: Dobrucký Branislav , Kaščák Slavomír , Šedo Jozef , Praženica Michal , Resutík Patrik
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with the quasi-instantaneous determination of an apparent-, active-, and reactive (i.e., blind and distortion) power mean values, including total power factor, total harmonic distortion, and phase shift of fundamentals of power electronic system (PES) using the p-q method. The power components’ mean values are investigated both during transients and steady states. Using an integral calculus over one period and the moving average method (or digital filtering), the power components’ mean values can be determined within the next calculation step directly from phase current and voltage quantities. Consequently, with known values of a phase shift of fundamentals (using Fourier analysis), the power factor can be evaluated. The results of this study show how a distortion power component during transients is generated even under harmonic supplying and linear resistive-inductive load. The paper contains a theoretical base, modeling, and simulation for the 5-, 3-, and 2-phases of PES transients. A system compensated by switched capacitors as well as an active power filter shows a possibility to compensate for distortion and reactive power components in the next calculation step. Worked-out results can be used for the right determination and sizing of any PES. The presented approach brings the detailed time-waveform and improved quality of electrical quantities (time-waveforms), and through quasi-instantaneous (single step) response time of compensation, minimizes nascent overvoltage of the system.
Efficient Edge Detection Method for Focused Images
Authors: Lisowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2022

In many areas of image processing, we deal with focused images. Indeed, the most important object is focused and the background is smooth. Finding edges in such images is difficult, since state-of-the-art edge detection methods assume that edges should be sharp. In this way, smooth edges are not detected. Therefore, these methods can detect the main object edges that skip the background. However, we are often also interested in detecting the background as well. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an edge detection method that can efficiently detect the edges of both a focused object and a smooth background alike. The proposed method is based on the local use of the k-Means algorithm from Machine Learning (ML). The local use is introduced by the proposed enhanced image filtering. The k-Means algorithm is applied within a sliding window in such a way that, as a result of filtering, we obtain a given square image area instead of just a simple pixel like in classical filtering. The results of the proposed edge detection method were compared with the best represented methods of different approaches of edge detection like pointwise, geometrical, and ML-based ones.
Optimality Conditions and Dualities for Robust Efficient Solutions of Uncertain Set-Valued Optimization with Set-Order Relations
Authors: Zhai Yuwen , Wang Qilin , Tang Tian
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we introduce a second-order strong subdifferential of set-valued maps, and discuss some properties, such as convexity, sum rule and so on. By the new subdifferential and its properties, we establish a necessary and sufficient optimality condition of set-based robust efficient solutions for the uncertain set-valued optimization problem. We also introduce a Wolfe type dual problem of the uncertain set-valued optimization problem. Finally, we establish the robust weak duality theorem and the robust strong duality theorem between the uncertain set-valued optimization problem and its robust dual problem. Several main results extend to the corresponding ones in the literature.
Six-Dimensional Space with Symmetric Signature and Some Properties of Elementary Particles
Authors: Popov Nikolay , Matveev Ivan
Published: November 2022

The six-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space E3,3 with signature (3,3) is proposed as a model of real physical space at the subparticle scale. The conserved quantum characteristics of elementary particles, such as spin, isospin, electric and baryon charges, and hypercharge, are expressed through the symmetries of this space. The symmetries are brought out by the various representation of the metric in E3,3 with the aid of spinors and hyperbolic complex numbers. The properties of the metric allow predicting the number of quarks equal to 18. The violation of strong conservation laws in weak interactions is treated through compactifying the three-dimensional temporal subspace at the subparticle scale into single-dimensional time at bigger scales, which reduces symmetry from the spherical to axial type.
Computational Framework of the SVIR Epidemic Model with a Non-Linear Saturation Incidence Rate
Authors: Attaullah Attaullah , Khurshaid Adil , Zeeshan Zeeshan , Alyobi Sultan , Yassen Mansour F. , Prathumwan Din
Published: November 2022

In this study, we developed an autonomous non-linear epidemic model for the transmission dynamics of susceptible, vaccinated, infected, and recovered individuals (SVIR model) with non-linear saturation incidence and vaccination rates. The non-linear saturation incidence rate significantly reduces the death ratio of infected individuals by increasing human immunity. We discuss a detailed explanation of the model equilibrium, its basic reproduction number R0, local stability, and global stability. The disease-free equilibrium is observed to be stable if R0<1, while the endemic equilibrium exists and the disease exists permanently in the population if R0>1. To approximate the solution of the model, the well-known Runge–Kutta (RK4) methodology is utilized. The implications of numerous parameters on the population dynamics of susceptible, vaccinated, infected, and recovered individuals are addressed. We discovered that increasing the value of the disease-included death rate ψ has a negative impact on those affected, while it has a positive impact on other populations. Furthermore, the value of interaction between vaccinated and infected λ2 has a decreasing impact on vulnerable and vaccinated people, while increasing in other populations. On the other hand, the model is solved using Euler and Euler-modified techniques, and the results are compared numerically and graphically. The quantitative computations demonstrate that the RK4 method provides very precise solutions compared to the other approaches. The results show that the suggested SVIR model that approximates the solution method is accurate and useful.
A Survey on Detection of Plastic-Related Chemicals in Beer Packaged in PET Using FT-IR Technology
Authors: Habschied Kristina , Mastanjević Krešimir , Šibalić Magdalena , Krstanović Vinko , Galić Vlatko
Published: November 2022

The emerging consciousness on nano- and microplastics in our environment raises questions on how to reduce and minimize its influence on human health. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) packaging is gaining popularity, and many traditional products end up in such packaging (vinegar, wine, beer). Currently, it is very hard to quantify the number of particles and their exact composition, but semi-quantitative techniques such as FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry) can give us an insight into the chemical composition of plastic bits in foods and beverages. Nowadays, beer is packed in PET packaging, since it provides a cheaper packaging material compared to glass and since it is safe to use at public manifestations, contrary to glass bottles, while providing a reasonable barrier for gas permeation (O2 and CO2). The aim of this paper was to provide a short overview of FT-IR-detected compounds in PET-packaged beer samples. The results indicate that many compounds can be found in beer, but those that were most commonly found in our research were β-cyclodextrin and L(-)-glyceraldehyde unnatural forms, two compounds designated as plastic-related compounds.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Vibrio natriegens—Infecting Phage and Its Potential Therapeutic Application in Abalone Aquaculture
Authors: Li Xuejing , Liang Yantao , Wang Zhenhua , Yao Yanyan , Chen Xiaoli , Shao Anran , Lu Longfei , Dang Hongyue
Published: November 2022

Phage-based pathogen control (i.e., phage therapy) has received increasing scientific attention to reduce and prevent the emergence, transmission, and detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance. In the current study, multidrug-resistant Vibrio natriegens strain AbY-1805 was isolated and tentatively identified as a pathogen causing the death of juvenile Pacific abalones (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). In order to apply phage therapy, instead of antibiotics, to treat and control V. natriegens infections in marine aquaculture environments, a lytic phage, vB_VnaS-L3, was isolated. It could effectively infect V. natriegens AbY-1805 with a short latent period (40 min) and high burst size (~890 PFU/cell). Treatment with vB_VnaS-L3 significantly reduced the mortality of juvenile abalones and maintained abalone feeding capacity over a 40-day V. natriegens challenge experiment. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that vB_VnaS-L3 was a novel marine Siphoviridae-family phage. Furthermore, vB_VnaS-L3 had a narrow host range, possibly specific to the pathogenic V. natriegens strains. It also exhibited viability at a wide range of pH, temperature, and salinity. The short latent period, large burst size, high host specificity, and broad environmental adaptation suggest that phage vB_VnaS-L3 could potentially be developed as an alternative antimicrobial for the control and prevention of marine animal infections caused by pathogenic V. natriegens.
Association between Sperm Morphology and Altered Sperm microRNA Expression
Authors: Tomic Maja , Bolha Luka , Pizem Joze , Ban-Frangez Helena , Vrtacnik-Bokal Eda , Stimpfel Martin
Published: November 2022

Evaluation of male infertility has been based on semen analysis for years. As this method can be subjective at times, there is a scientific tendency to discover stable and quantifiable biomarkers. This study included 28 couples who underwent an in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycle. The couples were assigned into two groups, according to sperm morphology. Couples where the males were normozoospermic were placed in the control group (15 participants), while couples where males had teratozoospermia were placed in the study group (13 participants). Thirteen candidate miRNAs were selected for qPCR analysis, based on our literature search. We determined significant under-expression of nine miRNAs (miR-10a-5p/-15b-5p/-26a-5p/-34b-3p/-122-5p/-125b-5p/-191-5p/-296-5p and let-7a-5p) in spermatozoa from patients with teratozoospermia compared to the controls, whereas expression levels of four miRNAs (miR-92a-3p/-93-3p/-99b-5p/-328-3p) did not significantly differ between the study and control groups. The expression levels of all 13 included miRNAs were significantly positively correlated with each other and significantly positively associated with spermatozoa morphology, excluding miR-99b-5p. There were no other significant associations between miRNA expression and sperm quality parameters. Only expression levels of miR-99b-5p were significantly positively correlated with good-quality day 3 embryo rate (ρ = 0.546; p = 0.003), while other variables of the IVF/ICSI cycle outcome showed no significant associations with miRNA expression profiles. This is one of the rare studies providing an insight directly into miRNA profiles in regard to sperm morphology. We identified nine miRNAs that could serve as biomarkers of spermatozoa quality in regard to teratozoospermia.
Fatty Acids Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Raw Fermented Sausages with the Addition of Tomato Pomace
Authors: Skwarek Patrycja , Karwowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of tomato pomace (TP) on physicochemical parameters and fatty acid profile as well as antioxidant properties of dry fermented sausages with a reduced content of nitrites. Four different sausage formulations were prepared: control sample, and samples with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of freeze-dried TP. The sausages were analyzed for: chemical composition, pH and water activity, fatty acid profile, color parameters, biogenic content, and number of lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriacea. The antioxidant properties were also assessed depending on the amount of TP used. The products were characterized by similar water activity and pH in the range of 0.877–0.895 and 4.55–4.81, respectively. The effect of the addition of freeze-dried TP on an increase in antioxidant activity along with an increase in the concentration of the additive was observed. This phenomenon was most likely due to the strong antioxidant properties of tomato as well as the high content of lycopene. The antimicrobial properties of TP in raw fermented sausages were also noted as the product with the highest concentration of pomace had the lowest number of Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, sausages with reduced levels of nitrites to which TP was added were characterized by a higher redness, which will probably have a positive impact on the assessment consumers make of them. The most promising results were obtained for the dry fermented sausage with 1.5% addition of TP.
Redox Regulation of Signaling Complex between Caveolin-1 and Neuronal Calcium Sensor Recoverin
Authors: Vladimirov Vasiliy I. , Shchannikova Margarita P. , Baldin Alexey V. , Kazakov Alexey S. , Shevelyova Marina P. , Nazipova Aliya A. , Baksheeva Viktoriia E. , Nemashkalova Ekaterina L. , Frolova Anastasia S. , Tikhomirova Natalia K. , Philippov Pavel P. , Zamyatnin Andrey A. , Permyakov Sergei E. , Zinchenko Dmitry V. , Zernii Evgeni Yu.
Published: November 2022

Caveolin-1 is a cholesterol-binding scaffold protein, which is localized in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) rafts and interacts with components of signal transduction systems, including visual cascade. Among these components are neuronal calcium sensors (NCSs), some of which are redox-sensitive proteins that respond to calcium signals by modulating the activity of multiple intracellular targets. Here, we report that the formation of the caveolin-1 complex with recoverin, a photoreceptor NCS serving as the membrane-binding regulator of rhodopsin kinase (GRK1), is a redox-dependent process. Biochemical and biophysical in vitro experiments revealed a two-fold decreased affinity of recoverin to caveolin-1 mutant Y14E mimicking its oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of the scaffold protein. At the same time, wild-type caveolin-1 demonstrated a 5–10-fold increased affinity to disulfide dimer of recoverin (dRec) or its thiol oxidation mimicking the C39D mutant. The formation of dRec in vitro was not affected by caveolin-1 but was significantly potentiated by zinc, the well-known mediator of redox homeostasis. In the MDCK cell model, oxidative stress indeed triggered Y14 phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and disulfide dimerization of recoverin. Notably, oxidative conditions promoted the accumulation of phosphorylated caveolin-1 in the plasma membrane and the recruitment of recoverin to the same sites. Co-localization of these proteins was preserved upon depletion of intracellular calcium, i.e., under conditions reducing membrane affinity of recoverin but favoring its interaction with caveolin-1. Taken together, these data suggest redox regulation of the signaling complex between recoverin and caveolin-1. During oxidative stress, the high-affinity interaction of thiol-oxidized recoverin with caveolin-1/DRMs may disturb the light-induced translocation of the former within photoreceptors and affect rhodopsin desensitization.
PTC124 Rescues Nonsense Mutation of Two Tumor Suppressor Genes NOTCH1 and FAT1 to Repress HNSCC Cell Proliferation
Authors: Wu Ming-Han , Lu Rui-Yu , Yu Si-Jie , Tsai Yi-Zhen , Lin Ying-Chen , Bai Zhi-Yu , Liao Ruo-Yu , Hsu Yi-Chiang , Chen Chia-Chi , Cai Bi-He
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: PTC124 (Ataluren) is an investigational drug for the treatment of nonsense mutation-mediated genetic diseases. With the exception of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, there has been little research on cancers with nonsense mutation. By conducting a database search, we found that another two tumor suppressor genes, NOTCH1 and FAT1, have a high nonsense mutation rate in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PTC124 may re-express the functional NOTCH1 or FAT1 in nonsense mutation NOTCH1 or FAT1 in HSNCC (2) Methods: DOK (with NOTCH1 Y550X) or HO-1-u-1 (with FAT1 E378X) HNSCC cells were treated with PTC124, and the NOTCH1 or FAT1 expression, cell viability, and NOTCH1- or FAT1-related downstream gene profiles were assayed. (3) Results: PTC124 was able to induce NOTCH1 or FAT1 expression in DOK and HO-1-u-1 cells. PTC124 was able to upregulate NOTCH downstream genes HES5, AJUBA, and ADAM10 in DOK cells. PTC124 enhanced DDIT4, which is under the control of the FAT1–YAP1 pathway, in HO-1-u-1 cells. FLI-06 (a NOTCH signaling inhibitor) reversed PTC124-mediated cell growth inhibition in DOK cells. PTC124 could reverse TT-10 (a YAP signaling activator)-mediated HO-1-u-1 cell proliferation. (4) Conclusions: PTC124 can rescue nonsense mutation of NOTCH1 and FAT1 to repress HNSCC cell proliferation.
Long-Term Repeatable In Vivo Monitoring of Amyloid-β Plaques and Vessels in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model with Combined TPEF/CARS Microscopy
Authors: Luo Ziyi , Xu Hao , Samanta Soham , Zhang Renlong , Luo Guoquan , Wang Yiming , Liu Liwei , Weng Xiaoyu , He Jun , Liao Changrui , Wang Yiping , Guo Bingang , Qu Junle
Published: November 2022

Long-term, repeatable monitoring of the appearance and progress of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in real time can be extremely beneficial to acquire highly reliable diagnostic insights, which is crucial for devising apt strategies towards effective AD treatment. Herein, we present an optimized innovative cranial window imaging method for the long-term repeatable imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and vessels in an AD mouse model. Basically, two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy was used to monitor the fluorescently labeled Aβ plaques, whereas the label-free blood vessels were studied using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in the live in vivo AD mouse model. It was possible to clearly observe the Aβ deposition and vascular structure in the target cortex localization for 31 weeks in the AD mouse model using this method. The combined TPEF/CARS imaging studies were also instrumental in realizing the relationship between the tendency of Aβ deposition and ageing. Essentially, the progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the AD mouse model was quantitatively characterized, which revealed that the proportion Aβ deposition in the unit vessel can increase from 13.63% to 28.80% upon increasing the age of mice from 8 months old to 14 months old. The proposed imaging method provided an efficient, safe, repeatable platform with simple target localization aptitude towards monitoring the brain tissues, which is an integral part of studying any brain-related physiological or disease conditions to extract crucial structural and functional information.
Theoretical Design of a Bionic Spatial 3D-Arrayed Multifocal Metalens
Authors: Duan Guihui , Zhang Ce , Yang Dongsheng , Wang Zhaolong
Published: November 2022

With the development of micro/nano-optics, metasurfaces are gaining increasing attention working as novel electromagnetic wave control devices. Among which, metalenses have been developed and applied as a typical application of metasurfaces owing to their unique optical properties. However, most of those previous metalenses can only produce one focal point, which severely limits their applications. Inspired by the fly compound eye, we propose a special kind of spatial multifocal metalens. Our metalenses can reverse the polarization state of the incident circularly polarized light, which is then focused. In addition, a horizontally aligned multifocal metalens can be achieved by designing reasonable phase and region distributions, which is similar to a vertically aligned one. Most significantly, a spatially 3D-arrayed multifocal metalens with low crosstalk is well achieved by combining these two distribution methods. The proposed bionic 3D-arrayed multifocal metalens with amazing focusing effect promises applications in imaging, nanoparticle manipulation, optical communication, and other fields.
A Long Journey into the Investigation of the Structure–Dynamics–Function Paradigm in Proteins through the Activities of the Palermo Biophysics Group
Authors: Cottone Grazia , Cupane Antonio , Leone Maurizio , Vetri Valeria , Militello Valeria
Published: November 2022

An overview of the biophysics activity at the Department of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè of the University of Palermo is given. For forty years, the focus of the research has been on the protein structure–dynamics–function paradigm, with the aim of understanding the molecular basis of the relevant mechanisms and the key role of solvent. At least three research lines are identified; the main results obtained in collaboration with other groups in Italy and abroad are presented. This review is dedicated to the memory of Professors Massimo Ugo Palma, Maria Beatrice Palma Vittorelli, and Lorenzo Cordone, which were the founders of the Palermo School of Biophysics. We all have been, directly or indirectly, their pupils; we miss their enthusiasm for scientific research, their deep physical insights, their suggestions, their strict but always constructive criticisms, and, most of all, their friendship. This paper is dedicated also to the memory of Prof. Hans Frauenfelder, whose pioneering works on nonexponential rebinding kinetics, protein substates, and energy landscape have inspired a large part of our work in the field of protein dynamics.
A Reversible Optical Sensor Film for Mercury Ions Discrimination Based on Isoxazolidine Derivative and Exhibiting pH Sensing
Authors: Ali Reham , Ghannay Siwar , Messaoudi Sabri , Alminderej Fahad M. , Aouadi Kaïss , Saleh Sayed M.
Published: November 2022

We developed a new optical sensor for tracing Hg(II) ions. The detection affinity examines within a concentration range of 0–4.0 µM Hg(II). The sensor film is based on Methyl 2-hydroxy-3-(((2S,2’R,3a’S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5,5’-dimethyl-4’-oxotetrahydro-2’H-spiro[cy-clohexane-1,6’-im-idazo[1,5-b]isoxazol]-2’-yl)methyl)-5-methylbenzoate (IXZD). The novel synthesized compound could be utilized as an optical turn-on chemosensor for pH. The emission intensity is highly enhanced for the deprotonated form concerning the protonated form. IXZD probe has a characteristic fluorescence peak at 481 nm under excitation of 351 nm with large Stocks shift of approximately 130 nm. In addition, the binding process of IXZD:Hg(II) presents a 1:1 molar ratio which is proved by the large quench of the 481 nm emission peak of IXZD and the growth of a new emission peak at 399 nm (blue shift). The binding configurations with one Hg(II) cation and its electronic characteristics were investigated by applying the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) theoretical results were provided to examine Hg(II)-IXZD structures and their electronic properties in solution. The developed chemical sensor was offered based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The sensor film has a significantly low limit of detection (LOD) for Hg(II) of 0.025 μM in pH 7.4, with a relative standard deviation RSDr (1%, n = 3). Lastly, the IXZD shows effective binding affinity to mercury ions, and the binding constant Kb was estimated to be 5.80 × 105 M−1. Hence, this developed optical sensor film has a significant efficiency for tracing mercury ions based on IXZD molecule-doped sensor film.
Relationships among Problematic Smartphone Use, Mathematics Achievement, Teacher–Student Relationships, and Subjective Well-Being: Results from a Large-Scale Survey in China
Authors: Zhou Da , Liu Jinqing , Ye Guizhen , Wang Ting , Xia Xiaogang , Liu Jian
Published: November 2022

This study examined the mediating role of mathematics performance and the moderating role of teacher–student relationships on the effects of problematic smartphone use on students’ subjective well-being. Through probability proportionate to size sampling (PPS), a total of 20,321 fourth graders from a city in central China were invited to complete a paper-based mathematics achievement test and an online questionnaire survey, including demographic information, problematic smartphone use, subjective well-being, and teacher–student relationship scales. The results showed that: after controlling for SES and gender, (1) problematic smartphone use had a direct and negative effect on students’ subjective well-being; (2) mathematics performance partially mediated the effects of problematic smartphone use on students’ subjective well-being; (3) teacher–student relationships moderated the effects of problematic smartphone use on mathematics performance/students’ subjective well-being; (4) with the increase in problematic smartphone use, high teacher–student relationships produced a lower rate of the positive moderating effect than low teacher–student relationships. The implications of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Boredom Proneness and Online Deviant Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Rumination and the Moderating Role of Gender
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chen Shisheng , Xie Xiaochun , Wang Jin , Wang Xiaodong
Published: November 2022

Online deviant behaviors have received increasing attention. This study examined the association between boredom proneness and online deviant behaviors as well as the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of gender in the relationship. A sample of 1001 college students (Mage = 20.20 ± 1.52 years, 50.25% female) was recruited to complete a set of questionnaires assessing the main variables. The results show that boredom proneness was positively associated with online deviant behaviors and that rumination played a mediating role in this relationship. Moreover, gender differences were found in the relationship, which was stronger for males than females. Despite several limitations, this study deepens our understanding of the influencing mechanism of boredom proneness on online deviant behaviors, which could provide practical implications for the prevention and intervention of online deviant behaviors.
Experimental and Statistical Analysis of U-Shaped Polyurethane-Based Polymer Concrete under Static and Impact Loads as a Repair Material
Authors: Haruna Sadi I. , Zhu Han , Ibrahim Yasser E. , Shao Jianwen , Adamu Musa , Farouk Abdulwarith I. B.
Published: November 2022

The prolonged service life of civil engineering structures, such as buildings and highway pavement, means that they deteriorate with time, requiring frequent repair work. Polyurethane (PU) materials can effectively maintain engineering structures such as road pavement, runways, and buildings. Thus, the mechanical properties and dynamic performance of these materials for repair are essential to guarantee the safe usage of the facilities. This study investigated the strain–stress behavior and impact strength of polyurethane-based polymer concrete (PUPC) mixtures. Moreover, the tensile stress–strain behavior of rigid PU grout (PUGC) materials was evaluated. The result indicated that the U-shaped PUPC with 20% PU by weight experienced a maximum failure strain of 0.9% and 4.2% under static and dynamic loads, respectively. The average impact energy of PUPC was 3825% higher than that of normal concrete. According to PUGC’s mixing ratios, the average elastic modulus revealed an increasing trend, whereas ultimate strength, yield strain, yield stress, and failure stress showed a decreasing trend. Weibull distribution results showed that the probabilistic distribution of the impact strength followed the two-parameter Weibull distribution.
Test and Bearing Capacity Calculation of a New Energy-Dissipated Precast Shear Wall
Authors: Wang Yuliang , Wang Zhaohui , Zhou Yunlong , Yang Zhinian , Zhang Yumin
Published: November 2022

At present, most precast shear walls are implemented in accordance with the method equivalent to a cast-in-place structure, where the joint is complicated, and the construction is difficult. According to the characteristics of precast shear wall structures, the design method of “strong horizontal joints, weak vertical joints” for a precast shear wall structure is proposed. The existing horizontal joint method was used to form strong horizontal joints, and the damper was used to connect the vertical joints to form weak vertical joints. It can reduce the pouring of concrete and improve construction efficiency. Three types of specimens (Rectangle shape, T shape, L shape) were designed. Low cycle reciprocating load tests were carried out under different axial compression ratios (0.1, 0.3), and the bearing capacity and ductility of the specimens were studied. The results show that the precast shear wall structure has good mechanical properties. The ductility coefficient is close to or greater than three, and the maximum ductility coefficient is 3.62. The specimens have good ductility. The relative displacement of the damper is greater than 1.75 mm. All the dampers yield and dissipate energy, which improves the seismic performance of the structure and plays a good role in connecting the wall limbs. The strain distribution law of the specimen section is discussed, the simplified mechanical calculation model is given, and the calculation method of flexural capacity of a precast shear wall structure is put forward.
Finite Element Analysis of Axially Loaded RC Walls with Openings Strengthened Using Textile Reinforced Mortar for Sustainable Structures
Authors: Alhusban Mohannad , Parvin Azadeh
Published: November 2022

Sustainable solutions in the building construction industry promotes the use of innovative materials such as textile reinforced mortar (TRM) as a strengthening technique resulting in a reduced life-cycle cost. This paper presents a nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) of TRM strengthened RC walls with cut-out openings under axial loading. FEA models were developed and validated with two experimental tests from the literature. Subsequently, a parametric study was performed to investigate the contribution of TRM in strengthening RC walls considering various opening sizes, types, numbers and orientations of window openings, and TRM strengthening configurations. The parametric study results revealed that strengthened models with smaller opening sizes had higher axial strength enhancement. Furthermore, the increase in the axial load capacities of walls with door and window openings were 34 and 26%, respectively, as compared to the corresponding control ones. TRM was more effective with a lower opening aspect ratio (Ho/Lo). In addition, confining the wall piers with U-shaped TRM jackets was the most effective configuration in improving the walls’ axial strengths with maximum enhancements of 16 and 22% as compared to the models strengthened with side-bonded sheets and strips, respectively. Finally, the axial strengths of the FEA models were also compared with the existing empirical solution and showed reasonable correlation with an average discrepancy of 15%.
Fault Types and Frequencies in Predictive Maintenance 4.0 for Chilled Water System at Commercial Buildings: An Industry Survey
Authors: Almobarek Malek , Mendibil Kepa , Alrashdan Abdalla , Mejjaouli Sobhi
Published: November 2022

Predictive Maintenance 4.0 (PdM 4.0) showed a highly positive impact on chilled water system (CWS) maintenance. This research followed the recommendations of a systematic literature review (SLR), which was performed on PdM 4.0 applications for CWS at commercial buildings. Per the SLR, and to start making an excellent PdM 4.0 program, the faults and their frequencies must be identified. Therefore, this research constructed an industry survey, which went through a pilot study, and then shared it with 761 maintenance officers in different commercial buildings. The first goal of this survey is to verify the faults reported by SLR, explore more faults, and suggest a managerial solution for each fault. The second goal is to determine the minimum and maximum frequencies of faults occurrence, while the third goal is to verify selected operational parameters, in which their data can be used in smart buildings applications. A total of 304 responses are considered in this study, which identified additional faults and provided faults solutions for all CWS components. Based on the survey outcomes, justifiable frequencies are proposed, which can be used in creating the dataset of any machine learning model, and then to control the CWS performance.
Performance Evaluation of a Sustainable Prefabricated System Using Small-Scale Experimental Model Technique
Authors: Chippagiri Ravijanya , Gavali Hindavi R. , Bras Ana , Ralegaonkar Rahul V.
Published: November 2022

The increasing urban population requires rapid housing construction. Rising global temperatures have led to more space cooling options inside buildings. There is a need to design new-age buildings with a sustainable, thermal comfort, and energy-efficiency approach. The present work integrates this approach into the design of prefabricated elements. Locally available co-fired ash, along with other sustainable alternates, are used in developing these elements. This study involves a performance evaluation and feasibility assessment of the proposed prefabricated system. A small-scale model house of one-third size is constructed using these elements for the purpose of functional evaluation. An average temperature variation of approximately 4 °C is observed upon comparison with the fly-ash brick model during the peak summer season. During energy assessment, a 12% and 52% decrease in embodied energy and peak cooling loads were observed. The time study resulted in 20% time savings over the conventional technique. The proposed system also includes a solar photo-voltaic panel, which compensates for 30% of the energy demand and reduces approximately 42% of the energy cost. Thus, the developed prefabricated system is found suitable for non-load bearing as well as functional applications. The performed studies determined the system to be sustainable, lightweight, quick, as well as energy efficient.
Experimental Study of LiCl/LiBr-Zeolite Composite Adsorbent for Thermochemical Heat Storage
Authors: Chen Depeng , Chen Xin , Ma Zhiwei , Wang Yaodong , Roskilly Anthony Paul , Zhou Jian
Published: November 2022

Adsorption-based thermochemical heat storage is a promising long-term energy storage technology that can be used for seasonal space heating, which has received significant amount of efforts on the research and development. In this paper, the heat storage capacity of composite adsorbents made by LiCl + LiBr salt and 3A zeolite was investigated. The basic characteristics of composite material groups were experimentally tested, and it was found that the adsorption composite with 15 wt% salt solution had excellent adsorption rate and adsorption capacity, which was considered as the optimal composite material. Furthermore, the heat storage density of the composite material could be as high as 585.3 J/g, which was 30.9% higher than that of pure zeolite. Using 3 kg of the composite material, the adsorption heat storage experiment was carried out using a lab-scale reactor. The effects of air velocity and relative humidity on the adsorption performance were investigated. It was found that a flow rate of 15 m3/h and a relative humidity of 70% led to the most released adsorption heat from the composite material, and 74.3% of energy discharge efficiency. Furthermore, an adsorption heat storage system and a residential model were built in the TRNSYS software to evaluate the building heating effect of such heat storage system. It is found that the ambient temperature will affect the heating effect of the adsorption heat storage system. The coefficient of performance (COP) of this model is as high as 6.67. Compared with the gas boiler heating system, the adsorption heat storage energy can replace part of the gas consumption to achieve energy savings.