bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: From Conceptual Debates to Practical Applications
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Troitskiy Sergey , Kurvet-Käosaar Leena ,   University of Tartu, Estonia, Laineste Liisi ,   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia
Published: July 2021

Bringing into focus the ways of how to approach trauma instead of defining the object of research is becoming increasingly important. This also indicates that the range of approaches to trauma that informs cultural inquiry is widening, and is moving away from one singular paradigm posited as universal. Trauma scholars have demonstrated, on the one hand, the importance of particular experiences, specific cases, individual features of experiencing, remembering, and narrating trauma. On the other hand, they have pointed out the impact of cultural “scripts” shaped by broader cultural understandings and social and cultural regulations and preferences that shape the possibilities of the representation of traumatic experience. This special issue seeks to recognize and negotiate the individual and collective dimensions of trauma as well as their interwovenness, with a focus on the (post)-Soviet and Eastern European experience. It does so by addressing the generalizing theoretical models as well as the practical, material, and experimental aspects of trauma. Thus, it seeks to disentangle and clarify the links between the collective and the individual, the theoretical and the practical, and finally, the universal and the specific, the global and the local.
One Trauma, Two Narratives: Adamah versus Tomorrow’s a Wonderful Day
Authors:   Sapir Academic College and The Open University of Israel, Steir-Livny Liat
Published: July 2021

In the three years after World War II, prominent Jewish organizations in the United States and in the Land of Israel made films aimed at promoting Zionist goals. The film Adamah (Helmar Lerski, 1948) was produced in the Land of Israel with the support of the Jewish-American volunteer women’s organization Hadassah. It tells the rehabilitation story of Benjamin, a Holocaust survivor in the Land of Israel. When the final version was sent to Hadassah for approval, the directorate felt that the American public would not relate to it. Hadassah altered the footage and distributed its own version entitled Tomorrow’s a Wonderful Day (1949). This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the main differences between the two representations of trauma, which were taken from the same footage but shaped into two differing narratives. Based on studies in Zionism and a great deal of archival material, it shows how these films epitomized the differences in the perception of trauma and its representations between the Zionist organizations in the Land of Israel and the USA.
Uni ja unenäod udmurdi kultuuris
Authors:   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia, Anisimov Nikolai , Toulouze Eva ,   Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris, France,   Department of Ethnology University of Tartu, Estonia
Published: July 2021

In Udmurt culture sleep (iz’on, kölon, um) as well as dreams (vöt, uyvöt) have occupied a significant place. According to ordinary understandings, dreams are not subjected to this world’s rules of time and space: in a dream, places and spaces may suddenly change, and time moves quickly, or it does not move at all; it has stopped. Sleep and dreams are not thoroughly explained phenomena, and as such, they play a significant role in the communication between the world of the living and the world of the deities (spirits). Their importance is confirmed by the rules one has to follow when going to bed. The dream becomes a sacred space, in which it is possible to acquire sacred knowledge and skills. The narratives we are acquainted with tell us that during sleep one of the person’s souls, called urt, can fly away. Probably this is the reason why it is forbidden to suddenly awake a person sleeping: they may not wake up at all or may even lose their reason. Earlier the Udmurt even organised special rituals to catch the second soul. In the Udmurt culture, sleep and dreams constitute a non-real space, in which the living and the dead are able to meet and communicate. The initiators of the dreams can be both the living and the dead, in different situations. Through dreams, the dead are able to transmit to the living their wishes, their knowledge about events or accidents to come; they may complain about certain circumstances, etc. Today, the Udmurt are attentive to all dreams; they see in them signs connected to the real world and given from above, and they must be considered in order not to disturb the balance between the worlds.
Constructing a cohesive pattern for collective navigation based on a swarm of robotics
Authors: Soliman Yehia A. , Abdulkader Sarah N. , Mohamed Taha M.
Published: July 2021

Swarm robotics carries out complex tasks beyond the power of simple individual robots. Limited capabilities of sensing and communication by simple mobile robots have been essential inspirations for aggregation tasks. Aggregation is crucial behavior when performing complex tasks in swarm robotics systems. Many difficulties are facing the aggregation algorithm. These difficulties are as such: this algorithm has to work under the restrictions of no information about positions, no central control, and only local information interaction among robots. This paper proposed a new aggregation algorithm. This algorithm combined with the wave algorithm to achieve collective navigation and the recruitment strategy. In this work, the aggregation algorithm consists of two main phases: the searching phase, and the surrounding phase. The execution time of the proposed algorithm was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the aggregation time in the proposed algorithm was significantly reduced by 41% compared to other algorithms in the literature. Moreover, we analyzed our results using a one-way analysis of variance. Also, our results showed that the increasing swarm size significantly improved the performance of the group.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength and its effects on pollination and yield in highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Authors: Grant Kennedy Judith , DeVetter Lisa , Melathopoulos Andony
Published: July 2021

Many pollination studies with honey bees have examined the effect of colony density on crop yield and yet overlook the effect of variation in the population size of these colonies. High colony density in northern highbush blueberry has been met with concerns from beekeepers who feel higher densities will intensify outbreaks of European foulbrood (EFB, Melissococcus plutonius, Truper and dé Clari), a honey bee brood disease. The purpose of this study was to confirm the prevalence of EFB in colonies pollinating blueberries and to determine whether field-level variation in the population of adult workers in colonies explained variation in blueberry fruit set and/or yield. We addressed these objectives over the course of two production seasons at 13 commercial blueberry fields in Oregon, USA, stocked with identical densities of 10 colonies/ha. We confirmed that all colonies had negligible symptoms of EFB at the start of blueberry pollination, but 53% of colonies in 2019 and 41% in 2020 had symptoms immediately following the pollination season. We also validated a method for rapidly assessing adult honey bee colony populations, namely by counting the rate of foragers returning to colonies, and it was found to be strongly correlated to true internal adult bee population independent of year and ambient temperature at the time of evaluation. Using returning forager counts, we determined there was considerable variation in the average population of colonies at each field, ranging from an estimated 10,300 to 30,700 adult worker bees per colony. While average colony strength did not predict variation in fruit set, it was related to variation in yield, independent of year. Our linear model of flight count (as a proxy for colony strength) predicts estimated yield increases of up to 25,000 kg/ha of blueberries could be achieved by colonies stronger than the recommended six frame minimum, suggesting that higher pollination benefits could be achieved without increasing hive density if stronger colonies are promoted.
Relationship between impulsivity and suicide among the rural elderly in China: a case-control psychological autopsy study
Authors: Zhou Yunfang , Ma Zhenyu , Jia Cun-Xian , Zhou Liang
Published: July 2021

Background

The relationship between impulsivity and suicide is inconsistent in different populations. Hence, the relationship between impulsivity and suicide still needs to be studied among the elderly population. The present study intends to explore the relationship between impulsivity and suicide among the rural Chinese elderly.

Methods

A case-control psychological autopsy study was conducted from February 1, 2014 to December 18, 2015 among rural residents over the age of 60 who died by suicide. The sample consisted of 242 suicides as the case group and 242 living individuals as the control group. Data on demographic characteristics, impulsivity, previous history of suicide attempts, social support, negative life events, and suicidal behavior were collected.

Results

Our study found that impulsivity increased the risk of suicide. The case group showed a higher Barratt Impulsiveness Scale score compared with the control group (p < 0.001), which indicates that impulsivity was higher among the elderly suicides. In addition, regression analyses show that impulsivity (odds ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.06) is an independent risk factor of suicide, after controlling for the effects of marital status, education, family annual income, being left behind, social support, and negative life events. Finally, compared with elderly who do not have a history of attempted suicide, elderly with a history of attempted suicide showed higher impulsivity (p = 0.001).
Effect of modified pomace on copper migration via riverbank soil in southwest China
Authors: Chen Lingyuan , Abbas Touqeer , Yang Lin , Xu Yao , Deng Hongyan , Hou Lei , Li Wenbin
Published: July 2021

To explore the effects of modified pomace on copper migration via the soil on the banks of the rivers in northern Sichuan and Chongqing, fruit pomace (P) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) modified P (EP) were evenly added (1% mass ratio) to the soil samples of Guanyuan, Nanbu, Jialing, and Hechuan from the Jialing River; Mianyang and Suining from the Fu River; and Guangan and Dazhou from the Qu River. The geochemical characteristics and migration rules of copper in different amended soils were simulated by column experiment. Results showed that the permeation time of copper in each soil column was categorized as EP-amended > P-amended > original soil, and the permeation time of amended soil samples at different locations was Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guanyuan > Hechuan. Meanwhile, the average flow rate of copper in each soil column showed a reverse trend with the permeation time. Copper in exchangeable, carbonate, and iron–manganese oxide forms decreased with the increase of vertical depth in the soil column, among which the most evident decreases appeared in the carbonate-bonding form. The copper accumulation in different locations presented a trend of Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guangyuan > Hechuan, and the copper content under the same soil showed EP-amended > P-amended > original soil. The copper proportion of the carbonate form was the highest in each soil sample, followed by the exchangeable form. The proportions of iron-manganese oxide and organic matter forms were relatively small. A significant correlation was observed between the cation exchange capacity and the copper content in exchangeable and carbonate forms. Moreover, total organic carbon and copper contents were negatively correlated.
Distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in major rivers in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Xingyong , Wu Qixin , Gao Shilin , Wang Zhuhong , He Shouyang
Published: July 2021

Heavy metals are released into the water system through various natural processes and anthropogenic activities, thus indirectly or directly endangering human health. The distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Sb) in major rivers in Wuhan were analyzed by correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metal contents was pronounced. PCA and CA results indicated that natural sources controlled Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, and industrial emissions were the dominant factor for V, Zn and Sb, while As was mainly from the mixed input of urban and agricultural activities. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI, ranging from 23.74 to 184.0) analysis, it should be noted that As and Sb contribute most of the HPI values. The health risk assessment using HI and CR showed that V and Sb might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk and As might have a potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children in the study area (CR value exceeded target risk 10−4). At the same time, it was worth noting that As might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk for children around QLR (HI value exceeded the threshold value 1). The secular variation of As and Sb should be monitor in high-risk areas. The results of this study can provide important data for improving water resources management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Wuhan.
Hydrochemical Evaluation of the Tigris River from Mosul to South of Baghdad Cities, Iraq
Authors: Oleiwi Alyaa Shakir , Al-Dabbas Moutaz
Published: July 2021

Aims of this Study: To investigate the climate change{effects in Iraq on the quality and quantity of the water of the Tigris River from {Mosul” city to South of Baghdad city.00 This paper provides a review of the observed and the predicted impacts of climate change on the water quality in the Tigris River in Iraq.

Study Design: Cross-Sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study area is starting {from Mosul city which is located in {the north part of Iraq to the Al-Azziziyah city located in the south of Baghdad (2005-2012) .

Methodology: The current study was include the available historical data which are the discharge and hydrochemical analysis includes (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3, TDS,NO3, and EC) were taken from 6 stations along the Tigris’ River from Mosul to the south of Baghdad’ cities for the years 2005 to 20112. The available historical climate data’ includes (Rainfall and Temperature) for the period 1990-2012. In this paper also, used some of pervious studies and compared them with the current results.

Results: The average annual flow of the Tigris River in Mosul station for the period (1990-2012) ranged between’ (193.8-906) m3/sec and for Sammarra station ranged between’ (366-977) m3/sec. Then, between south of Sammarra’city and north of Baghdad city, Canal of Dijla’joins the Tigris River has a discharge ranges between’ (9-217) m3/sec. After that, the ’Tigris River inter to Baghdad city, the discharge value range between’ (392-1173) m3/sec’and continue his flow to the south of Baghdad city and Diyala River joins it with discharge’range between (55-193) m3/sec. Finally, the Tigris River reaches to’Al-Azizziyah city station with’discharge ranges between (134-769) m3/sec.

Conclusion: In general the water quality of the Tigris River are sulfates, calcium, and magnesium. But in Canal of Dijla the most dominant ion is sodium due to agricultural activities and geology of the area consist of gypsum rocks and this can be effects on water quality of Tigris River in the next station (Baghdad). In Al-Azizziyah city the sulfates, calcium, and Sodium is high level due to drainage from irrigation, industrial“and domestic activities.
An Invasive Yet Potentially Diverse and Unexplored Genus: Typha L.
Authors: Makwana Vidhi , Kethwas Abhaykumar , Sapoliya Niravkumar , Limbachiya Krupa , Gamit Sanjay , Verma Preeti , Shah Mamta
Published: July 2021

Aim: Typha genus belongs to the family Typhaceae and is comprising of about 13 known species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia and Europe. Several species are considered as invasive weeds that colonize wetlands and marshes because they are highly productive by clonal growth, forming very large, persistent and often monospecific stands. This review offers detailed information on the aquatic species of the cosmopolitan genus Typha L. with specific focus on their distribution, identification, importance in bioremediation, usability and traditional uses along with chemical and biological diversity.

Methodology: An extensive browsing in three electronic databases (Unbound Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect) and internet search engines (Scifinder and Google Scholar) enabled us to connote the studies on Typha genus available till date.

Results: Literature survey corroborated that some species of Typha are valuable as sources of traditional medicine in human health, while some are still widely used for non-pharmacological purposes. Numerous phytochemical investigations of plants of this genus confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, phenols, saponins, flavanoids, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fats. Besides, various studies cited in this review article have demonstrated that the extracts or active substances that have been isolated from the species of Typha genus have multiple pharmacological activities.

Conclusion: The review draws the attention of scientists towards the utility and important issues associated with the probable approaches that should be investigated to encourage people to take maximal benefit of the potentially useful species of Typha genus.
Evaluation of Predictor like Maternal Serum Lipid Profile in 2nd Trimester in Pregnancy Related Hypertensive Disorders
Authors: Jaiswal Arpita , Halani Dhruva
Published: July 2021

Background: The most leading cause of perinatal and maternal deaths and morbidity in developed and developing countries like India is pregnancy related hypertensive disorders especially pre-eclampsia. PIH is defined as; in previously normotensive and normoproteinuric women, hypertension of >_ 140/90 mmHg with or without proteinuria measured on two occasions 6 hours apart after gestational age (20 weeks).Women with pregnancy related hypertensive disorders experience varied and altered lipid changes.    Increased TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations leading to dyslipidemia was found in majority of the studies.

Aim: The study aims to evaluate predictor like maternal sr. lipid profile in 2nd trimester in pregnancy related hypertensive disorders.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of normal maternal and altered maternal serum lipid profile serum lipid profile in 2nd trimester of pregnancy in pregnancy related hypertensive disorders and compare them .

Materials and Methods: The design of the study will be prospective as well as observational conducted from September 2020 to august 2022 with an estimated sample size of 1000. Patients included were nnormotensive and non-proteinuric in second trimester (13-20 weeks of gestation). Subjects will be evaluated on the basis of preformed and pretested proforma consisting of history, clinical symptoms and presentation and investigations. Blood samples for serum lipid profile will be collected in plain bulb with aseptic conditions and analyzed at the biochemistry laboratory by enzymatic method.

Expected Results: We expect that from our results, altered maternal serum lipid profile in 2nd trimester will be positively associated with pregnancy related hypertensive disorders.
Prevalence of Oral Sub Mucosal Fibrosis in Pre- Anesthesia Clinic in India: A Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Agrawal Sweety , Deshmukh Pratibha , Takalkar Shweta , Sabale Parag , Chakole Vivek
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant lesion of the buccal mucosa usually caused by chewing of betel nut, areca nut and tobacco. OSMF causes difficulty in laryngoscopy and intubation of the trachea. Patient of submucosal fibrosis do come for emergency and elective surgeries requiring general anaesthesia. In such scenario maintaining airway is a big challenge for anaesthesiologist. Knowledge of Prevalence of submucosal fibrosis in local region and degree of OSMF with difficult intubation may help anaesthesiologist to prepare and plan airway management in such conditions.

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis in patients coming in pre-anaesthesia clinic and assessment of airway and prevalence of degree of OSMF by measuring Interincisal mouth opening in patients of oral submucosal fibrosis.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of anaesthesiology on 500 patients coming in pre-anaesthesia clinic. Patients were identified and sent to dental department for confirmation of diagnosis OSMF if one or more clinical feature of OSMF were present. A detailed proforma was used to record demographic parameter, the type of tobacco, betelnut and areccanut chewing habits, difficulty in mouth opening, inter incisor distance. OSMF was divided in 4 stages on the basis of inter incisor distance.

Results: Prevalence rate of submucosal fibrosis patients coming in our pre-anaesthesia clinic was 8%. Thirty patients were found to be in stage 1 (75%.), nine patients were found to be in stage 2 (22.5%) and only one patient was in stage 3.

Conclusion: Being aware of the prevalence of OSMF in the region and stages of OSMF in regard to inter incisor distance in pre-operative clinic helps anaesthesiologists to prepare and plan airway management. And hence surgical exploration can be avoided.
Compelling Evidence of Bacterial Pharyngeal Colonization among Clinical Sciences Students
Authors: Eltayeb Lienda Bashier , Alharthi Fawziah Saeed , Aldosari Maha Noghaemesh
Published: July 2021

Background: Upper respiratory tract is one of the commonest sites for microbial colonization, and the colonized individuals are at risk of infection, and medical students are frequently exposed to a variety of infections agents and are more likely to get colonized by them. The current study aimed To determine the frequency of pharyngeal bacterial colonization among clinical students. Methods: A total of  140 throat swab was collected from study participants, among them, 70 clinical students were enrolled, and 70 nonclinical subjects were recruited as a control group. Isolated bacteria were identified using ordinary laboratory techniques (Gram staining and biochemical tests). Result: Among clinical participants, there were 16 (80%) of them in the age group 20–25 years of age, Frequency of pharyngeal carriage in studied subjects were 29(20.7%), 23(32.9%) of clinical sciences students were significantly carry the virulent bacterial pathogen, while only 6 (8.6%) of the control group have clinical pharyngeal bacteria (P-value ≤ 0.001). S. aureus was carried among 11 (15.7%) clinical sciences students, followed by S. pneumoniae 3 (4.3%), P. aeruginosa, and Haemophilusspp 2 (2.9%). Penicillin and Ciprofloxacin resistance was high frequent, statistically, significant differences were also revealed in the clinical sciences students group who have had a past history of respiratory infection, were 13/16 (80%), and 6/7 (85.7%) of them frequently carried gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria respectively (p. value =0.023)

Conclusion: Clinical students complain of a high frequency of bacterial throat colonization, and then multidrug-resistant of bacterial strain. Such evidence may increase the possibility that clinical students play role in the transmission and dissemination of the infection for others.
Indian Laws during COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications to Health and Management
Authors: Jaiswal Gaurav , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Patil Praful S.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: 2019 corona virus disease (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by a new corona virus (SARS corona virus 2, also known as novel corona virus) in China, has spread and attracted worldwide attention. The WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a global public health emergency on January 30, 2020. Following the 2002 corona virus (SARS-Corona Virus) and the 2012 MERS Corona Virus, the virus SARS corona is the third most infectious disease and the largest corona virus that caused human outbreaks in the 20th century.

Aim: To assess the Indians law that affects or supports the Indian citizen with present scenario of Pandemic.

Conclusion: Coronavirus has called for a mixed response in India. The answer includes a host of regulations, guidelines, services, and administrative structures, as well as public and government warnings. As the demands of government action grow, the Passivence Sicknesses Act has become a topic of discussion. Instead of establishing a comprehensive health care system, the Pestilence Infections Act allows states to take special measures in response to serious infectious diseases. The law gives the public a broad mandate to participate in oppressive actions against citizens within this limited framework.
Phytochemical Profile of Saribus rotundifolius (Anahaw) Crude Extract Found in the University of Eastern Philippines
Authors: Dagalea Flyndon Mark S. , Lim Karina Milagros C. , Vicencio Manuela Cecille G. , Alvarez Ma. Lourdes C. , Somoray Maria Judy M. , Jr Abel Alejandro U. Flores , Tubello Francis Michael G. , Beros Jannah Louise L. , Ablazo Rose Ann F. , Caloza Tom Joel Q.
Published: July 2021

Phytochemical profiling focuses on the determination of the secondary metabolite present on a sample.

Aims: In this research, a phytochemical profiling was done in Saribus rotundifolius (Anahaw) leaves and fruit crude extracts.

Methodology: This study determines the secondary metabolites; alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, saponin, and terpenoid. The samples were cut into pieces and was submerged in an ethanol solution for the extract of crude extract and undergo a rotary evaporator for the separation of the ethanol solvent.

Results: The finding showed that the anahaw leaves and fruit crude extract contains secondary metabolites present in both leaves and fruit crude extracts, that can be used in pharmaceutical and drug development, this includes an anti-microbial potential.
Concept of Kshara Nirmana Out of Kanji with Reference to Rasayansara- A Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study
Authors: Pawar Mahesh S. , Pandya M. R. , Jayaprakash A. N. , Mishra Abhaya Kumar , Dash Lopamudra
Published: July 2021

Kanji (sour rice gruel) is an acidic fermented preparation mentioned in many of the Ayurveda classics for various purpose like therapeutic use, pharmaceutical processes etc. A special method of kanji preparation is mentioned in Rasaratnasamuchchaya commentary by Acharya Dattatreya Anant Kulkarni and similar preparation is also mentioned in Rasayansara book recommended for the Parada samskara (mercurial processes) with some difference in ingredients. Kshara (alkaline preparation/ alkali) is an important preparation mentioned in classics. In Rasayansara text, Acharya Shyamsundar Vaishyaji has described a unique method of Kshara nirmana out of the leftover material of the Kanji. This kind of innovative methods should be adopted to recycle the leftover waste matters. It will help in regenerate the new pharmaceutical product. Here an attempt has been done by preparing the kanji and the kshara out of its residue material as mentioned in Rasayansara. First Kanji was prepared as per the reference of Rasayansara book and the leftover after filtration was dried. The kshara was prepared out of this dried leftover. Organoleptic and physicochemical analysis of the prepared kshara was done. The average yield of obtained kshara was 4.88%. The moisture content of the final product found very less while total ash value found on higher side. The pH value suggests its alkaline nature. It shows good solubility in various solvents and good water-soluble extractive value. Exploration of such innovative procedures where waste stuff is been recycled should be increased in present time.
An In vitro Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of ACP Containing Pit and Fissure Sealant and Moisture Tolerant Pit and Fissure Sealant
Authors: Mulani Rachna , Mathur Aditi
Published: July 2021

Background: Pits and fissure sealants are widely used to prevent caries in children. Microleakage is one of the most crucial factors resulting in sealant compromise. Factors pertaining to microleakage like, pre-treatment of occlusal surfaces, moisture control, bonding systems, and flowability of the sealant, will determine the longevity of the treatment. In vitro microleakage studies are useful in predicting the marginal sealing ability of pit and fissure sealants.

Aim: This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the microleakage of ACP (Aegis®) containing pit and fissure sealant and moisture tolerant pit and fissure sealant (EmbraceTM WetbondTM).

Study Design: In vitro study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune. between June 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: 26 permanent non- carious premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were used. The sealants used for the analysis of microleakage were Aegis® and EmbraceTM WetbondTM pit and fissure sealants. The premolars were divided into two groups of 13 each. After sealant application, they were immersed in methylene blue dye. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling for 24 hours, after which The teeth were sectioned buccolingually and dye penetration was studied under a stereomicroscope (magnification 10X).

Results: Both the groups were studied and statistically evaluated using Mann- Whitney U test. Aegis® showed higher microleakage in (46.2%) than Embrace (38%), though the results were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Both the materials showed microleakage, more In-vivo studies with longer follow- up periods are needed to evaluate and compare the clinical success of these pit & fissure sealants.
Efficacy of Agility Training in a Police Cadet: A Case Study
Authors: Bawiskar Dushyant , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: July 2021

Background: Plyometric training is a blend of training for strength and stamina. This enables muscles to exert full strength in short time intervals, with the intention of increasing power (speed-strength) in order to ensure stronger police cadet agility. Preparation for physical health, Preparation for Technical Event, Tactics Preparation and psychological preparation these are four important components for the Sports which makes athletes more-strong and achieve high success.  Agility is characterized by sudden change in the direction by maintaining the ability in which quickly changing the direction of the body.

Objective: Analyse the result of the 12-week Plyometric Agility Program in Police Cadets. Diagnosis, Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: The cadet was examined for any deformity and any problems regarding the lower limb soft tissue and Range of motion, Manual muscle testing and agility test were carried out. 40 Cadets aged above 18 years were grouped into two. Analysis was then carried out with assessment of T-test Agility test, Illinois Agility Test, Edgren Side Step Test. Intervention duration is 12-weeks, completed successfully. Assessment was done on 1st day of visit then at the end of 6th week and again at the end of 12th week. Cadet would have to perform 4 session of Plyometric Training per week. Plyometric Training is best to increase the agility which was evident in this case.

Conclusion: Plyometric training is very beneficial to increase the Agility of the lower limb as the time period required to complete the Agility test were more and now the time period is less. It comes under the “Good” Grades. Hence, it is proved that Plyometric Training is more helpful to increase the agility.
THE INFLUENCE OF EMERGING ADULTHOOD STATUS AND SENSATION SEEKING ON FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Claudia Claudia , Setiawan Evelyn
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of emerging adulthood status and sensation seeking on students’ financial behavior. This type of research is descriptive with primary data sources. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to active undergraduate students at Petra Christian University. The 508 collected data were analyzed using SEM-AMOS 24. The results showed that emerging adulthood status had a significant effect on student’s financial behavior while sensation seeking didn’t have significant effect on students’ financial behavior.
Kawasaki Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Benefits and Harms of Common Treatments
Authors: James Karen E. , Kalot Mohamad A. , Husainat Nedaa M. , Dua Anisha B. , Byram Kevin , Springer Jason M. , Lin Yih Chang , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Gorelik Mark , Abril Andy , Langford Carol , Maz Mehrdad , Chung Sharon A. , Mustafa Reem A.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self‐limited vasculitis affecting medium‐sized vessels with a predilection for the coronary arteries. Although treatment reduces the likelihood of developing of coronary artery aneurysms, 5% of patients still develop aneurysms despite treatment, making KD the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the United States. Consequently, there is a great deal of interest in optimizing treatment regimens, particularly for higher‐risk patients, to decrease morbidity. The aim of this systematic review is to support the development of the American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation for the diagnosis and management of KD, focusing on the more complex scenarios in which rheumatologists may become involved, such as high‐risk and refractory disease.

Methods

Eighty‐nine articles were considered for full review in this systematic literature review to address 16 Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome questions related to KD. Data were abstracted in hierarchical fashion. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were considered first; if none were identified or if they contained insufficient information, comparative observational studies were then viewed, followed by single‐arm observational studies/single arms from comparative studies. Only observational studies with more than 10 subjects with vasculitis were included.

Results

Eight RCTs and 28 observational studies that addressed the questions were identified. Two questions were addressed by RCTs, seven questions had at least some comparative observational studies, three questions were only addressed by single‐arm data, and four questions had no relevant studies.

Conclusion

This systematic review evaluates the benefits and harms of treatments for KD beyond first‐line therapy.
Photoresponsive and Polarization‐Sensitive Structural Colors from Cellulose/Liquid Crystal Nanophotonic Structures
Authors: Anusuyadevi Prasaanth Ravi , Shanker Ravi , Cui Yuxiao , Riazanova Anastasia V. , Järn Mikael , Jonsson Magnus P. , Svagan Anna J.
Published: July 2021

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) possess the ability to form helical periodic structures that generate structural colors. Due to the helicity, such self‐assembled cellulose structures preferentially reflect left‐handed circularly polarized light of certain colors, while they remain transparent to right‐handed circularly polarized light. This study shows that combination with a liquid crystal enables modulation of the optical response to obtain light reflection of both handedness but with reversed spectral profiles. As a result, the nanophotonic systems provide vibrant structural colors that are tunable via the incident light polarization. The results are attributed to the liquid crystal aligning on the CNC/glucose film, to form a birefringent layer that twists the incident light polarization before interaction with the chiral cellulose nanocomposite. Using a photoresponsive liquid crystal, this effect can further be turned off by exposure to UV light, which switches the nematic liquid crystal into a nonbirefringent isotropic phase. The study highlights the potential of hybrid cellulose systems to create self‐assembled yet advanced photoresponsive and polarization‐tunable nanophotonics.
Bioinspired Depletion‐Resistant Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces with Self‐Replenishing Lubrication Through Capillary Filament
Authors: Li Jiaqian , Zhao Haibo , Wang Liqiu
Published: July 2021

Lubricant‐infused nanostructured surfaces have emerged as a type of multifunctional coatings with exceptional advantages of super liquid‐repellency, low contact angle hysteresis, and self‐healing. However, due to their low oil storage trapped by nanostructures, such type of functional surfaces is susceptible to the depletion of lubricant fluids especially under extreme conditions. In this study, an earthworm‐inspired hierarchical lubricant‐infused surface with superior self‐replenishing lubrication but without the input of external stimulus is developed. The top nanostructured membrane acts as a skin to stabilize the slippery oil layer, while the bottom square microwells work as reservoirs to store sufficient lubricant oil and replenish the nanofilm analogous to the earthworm grands. Through the seamless collaboration of capillary corner filament inside the microwell and wettability gradient between the microwell and the nanofilm, the lubricant stored in the microwells can be directionally and timely transported for replenishing the nanofilm when the lubricant within the nanofilm is depleted. Compared with the conventional nanostructured lubricant‐infused surfaces, the surface can promise a long‐term superior lubricating action under extreme conditions of cooling, heating, and continuous droplet impinging. It is envisioned that the designed self‐replenishing lubricant‐infused surface can be useful in applications that involve extreme environments.
Minimizing Temperature Gradient in Photonic Sintering for Defect‐Free High‐Conductivity Cu‐Based Printed Patterns by Bidirectional Irradiation
Authors: Lee Jae‐Won , Kwak Ji Hye , Kim Juhee , Jeong Sooyeon , Park Jong Hwan , Jeong Seung Yol , Seo Seon Hee , Han Joong Tark , Lee Geon‐Woong , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Yang Imjeong H.‐S. , Jeong Hee Jin
Published: July 2021

Intense pulsed light (IPL)‐induced photothermal heating is relatively effective at reducing the annealing or sintering time of metal particle‐based conductive patterns in the manufacturing of printed electronics. However, defects such as cavities, delamination, and inhomogeneous shrinkage within the sintered patterns are a well‐known problem in IPL sintering. These defects are considerably influenced by undesired temperature gradients induced inside samples during IPL sintering. To solve this undesired temperature gradient problem, we propose a bidirectional IPL (B‐IPL) sintering approach using front‐ and back‐elliptical reflectors on both sides of the printed pattern. The effects of the B‐IPL energy density and number of shots on the electrical and mechanical properties of the printed patterns were systematically investigated using noncontact spectroscopic temperature sensing techniques with a µs‐timescale infrared temperature sensor system. Cross‐sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy images indicate that B‐IPL sintering significantly enhances the densification level and sintering uniformity of printed patterns compared to conventional IPL.
NO2‐Affinitive Amorphous Conjugated Polymer for Field‐Effect Transistor Sensor toward Improved NO2 Detection Capability
Authors: Chae Huijeong , Han Ji Min , Ahn Yejin , Kwon Ji Eon , Lee Wi Hyoung , Kim Bong‐Gi
Published: July 2021

Three conjugated polymers (CPs) containing indolocarbazole‐based similar conjugated frameworks are designed to investigate the NO2 detection capability of field‐effect transistor (FET) sensors. The partly linear aliphatic side chain strengthens the crystallization tendency of the CPs, but the crystallinity is critically degraded when introducing an ethylene oxide (EO)‐modified side chain to the same conjugated framework. Although the highly crystalline morphology of the CP helps to achieve high hole mobility, the NO2 response rate of the CP‐based FET sensor is severely deteriorated because of the suppression of NO2 diffusion into the CP matrix. The polar and flexible EO‐modified side chain is helpful to improve the NO2‐affinity of the CPs and induce favorable pathways for NO2 diffusion, ultimately providing enhanced detectivity with better NO2‐response characteristics. As a result, despite low charge carrier mobility due to pure amorphous nature, the CP with EO‐modified side chains provides an exceptional sensitivity of 180%/ppm upon NO2 (100 ppb) exposure for 50 s, including distinct detectivity toward other environmentally abundant harmful polar gases, such as SO2, NO, and NH3.
High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processable OLEDs by Employing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Multiple Conversion Channels of Triplet Excitons
Authors: Liu Yuchao , Hua Lei , Zhao Zhennan , Ying Shian , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke
Published: July 2021

The state‐of‐the‐art luminescent materials are gained widely by utilizing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism. However, the feasible molecular designing strategy of fully exploiting triplet excitons to enhance TADF properties is still in demand. Herein, TADF emitters with multiple conversion channels of triplet excitons are designed by concisely halogenating the electron acceptors containing carbonyl moiety. Compared with the chlorinated and brominated analogues, the fluorinated emitter exhibits distinguishing molecular stacking structures, participating in the formation of trimers through integrating CH···F and C═O···H hydrogen bonds together. It is also demonstrated that the multiple channels can be involved synergistically to accelerate the spin‐flip of triplet excitons, and to take charge of the relatively superior reverse intersystem crossing constant rate of 6.20 × 105 s–1, and thus excellent photoluminescence quantum yields over 90% can easily be achieved. Then the solution‐processable organic light emitting diode based on fluorinated emitter can achieve a record‐high external quantum efficiency value of 27.13% and relatively low efficiency roll‐off with remaining 24.74% at 1000 cd m−2. This result manifests the significance of enhancing photophysical properties through constructing multiple conversion channels of triplets excitons for high‐efficiency TADF emitters and provides a guideline for the future study.
Improving long‐term crop productivity and soil quality through integrated straw‐return and tillage strategies
Authors: Li Shuo , Hu Mengjun , Shi Jianglan , Tian Xiaohong
Published: July 2021

Long‐termagricultural sustainability receives increasing concerns owing to the inappropriate removals of crop straw with frequent tillage, causing soil degradation and reduced productivity. A 7‐yr field experiment was conducted to exploit the optimal integrated straw‐return and tillage strategy for maintaining soil quality and sustaining crop productivity in an intensive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system in the Guanzhong Plain. Three strategies were tested for wheat: straw harvest (Wh), straw return with chopped straw distribution on soil surface (Wr) and with stubble 30–40 cm height (Ws); three strategies were for maize: straw harvest with rotary tillage (Mh), straw return with rotary tillage (Mr) and with subsoiling (Ms). Thus, nine integrated strategies were conducted per rotation period: WhMh, WhMr, WhMs, WrMh, WrMr, WrMs, WsMh, WsMr, and WsMs. The results indicated that the eight integrated strategies (except WhMh) promoted both wheat and maize grain yields, and showed the largest increase for the system productivity (+42.3%) and sustainable yield index (+43.0%) under WsMs relative to the WhMh. In addition, significant increases were observed in various soil quality indicators under integrated strategies, especially under WsMs. The system productivity responses were predominately determined by mean weight diameter, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus. Therefore, the integrated strategies of wheat straw return with stubble 30–40 cm height and maize straw return with subsoiling can be advised for maintaining soil quality and improving crop productivity in the wheat–maize cropping system in the long term.
Community‐engaged Research Approaches: Multiple Pathways To Health Equity
Authors: Haapanen Krista A. , Christens Brian D.
Published: July 2021

Highlights

Popular models and unifying frameworks fail to capture variance in community‐engaged research (CEnR)

CEnR projects vary in how they approach process and partnership, knowledge generation, and power

An expanded taxonomy of community‐engaged research could cultivate new approaches to social change
The recurrent p.(Pro540Ser) MEN1 genetic variant should be considered nonpathogenic: A case report
Authors: Villabona Carles , Oriola Josep , Serrano Teresa , Guerrero‐Pérez Fernando , Valdés Nuria , Chiara Mariló , Robledo Mercedes
Published: July 2021

Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (Pheo/PGL) associated with pituitary adenoma (PA) is rare in clinical practice, and a common pathogenic mechanism has been suggested owing to the germline pathogenic variants found in some cases. Our aim is to propose a reassignment for a recurrent MEN1 genetic variant found in a 54‐year‐old male patient with bilateral pheochromocytoma and GH‐secreting PA. Pheo/PGL genes study was carried out in DNA samples from Pheo as well as PA and no pathological variants or large deletions were detected. Additionally, a MEN1 gene analysis was performed, and a heterozygous germline variant in exon 10: c.1618C>T; p.(Pro540Ser) was found. No MEN1 gene deletions/duplications were detected. In evaluating a causal relationship between the c.1618C>T MEN1 variant and both tumors, we took into account that missense variants are common pathogenic variants in MEN1, and the population frequency of this variant is too high to be considered pathogenic. His son (aged 38 and carrier) is asymptomatic, and computational analysis showed discrepancies. We propose that this recurrent variant, previously considered as likely pathogenic, subsequently as variant of uncertain significance, and likely benign should now be reclassified as benign.