bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Ambiguity: A Moral Polysemy Approach to Variation in Economic Practices
Authors: Altomonte Guillermina
Published: January 2020

Sociologists have shown that the relationships people establish between moral orientations and market practices vary considerably across historical, geographic, and institutional contexts. Less attention has been paid to situational variation in how the same actors moralize different economic goals, especially in their workplace. This article offers an account of situational variation by theorizing the implications of the ambiguity of moral values for economic activity. I draw on the case of a post-acute care unit, where reimbursement policies create the contradictory demands of discharging elderly patients quickly while ensuring their safety to avoid re-hospitalization. Using ethnography and interviews, I show that the same actors switched between different normative evaluations of “independent aging” to legitimize divergent organizational goals. A shared understanding of autonomy as synonymous with “home” moralized the organizational mission of discharging patients off the unit. Expectations that elderly people attain independence by acknowledging need for assistance moralized the extension of services. Conversely, interpreting independence as a constellation of duties to be self-reliant moralized practices that lead to fast discharge. Based on these findings, I develop a framework of moral polysemy to analyze ambiguity as a resource for cooperation in organizations and a tool to expand understanding of moral economies.
La neutralité des enseignants français dans les collèges publics : Quelle objectivité face à ses propres croyances et à celles des élèves ?
Authors: Menard Charlène
Published: January 2020

En France, ces dernières années ont été marquées par des tensions fortes au sein de l’école : débats houleux sur la laïcité, questionnements des frontières du « religieusement acceptable », conflits entre différents régimes de vérité. Dans ce contexte sensible, le devoir de neutralité propre à la fonction enseignante est mis à l’épreuve. A travers notre travail de thèse, nous avons cherché à comprendre comment les enseignants ont agi concrètement dans des situations interrogeant les limites de la laïcité et de la neutralité religieuse. L’enquête ethnographique (observations, entretiens), menée dans trois collèges différents et sur une année scolaire, a révélé que dans certaines situations (après l’attentat au journal Charlie Hebdo notamment), l’injonction à la neutralité entrait en conflit avec d’autres principes professionnels (rôle de formation à la citoyenneté) ou personnels (convictions, croyances). Des tensions émergent alors, menant à une réinterprétation du devoir de neutralité et à un ajustement de la laïcité en situation.
Remembering Tamir Rice and Other Black Boy Victims: Imagining Black PlayCrit Literacies Inside and Outside Urban Literacy Education
Authors: Bryan Nathaniel
Published: January 2020

Building on Critical Race Theory, Black Critical Theory in education (BlackCrit), and Black Male Studies (BMS), the author theorizes what he terms Black PlayCrit and, by extension, Black PlayCrit Literacies. Black PlayCrit brings attention to the specificity of Blackness and anti-Black misandric violence in the play experiences of Black boys, including Tamir Rice, who was murdered by two police officers while playing with a toy gun in a public park in Cleveland, Ohio. Black PlayCrit Literacies serves as a conceptual and pedagogical tool to challenge anti-Black misandry in Black boys’ play experiences. Given that the play experiences of Black boys (and other children of Color) are racialized and gendered, yet undertheorized in extant literature, specific recommendations are provided for urban literacy education research and practice to acknowledge and protect Black boys from the anti-Black misandric violence they face during boyhood play.
A Scoping Review of Peer-Led Physical Activity Interventions Involving Young People: Theoretical Approaches, Intervention Rationales, and Effects
Authors: Christensen Julie H. , Elsborg Peter , Melby Paulina S. , Nielsen Glen , Bentsen Peter
Published: January 2020

The use of peer-to-peer approaches in health promotion interventions targeting youth seems to be a strategy with great potential. The aim of this study was to synthesize and assess the elements and conditions that contribute to the effectiveness of youth-led physical activity interventions. This was done using a scoping review addressing the following three research questions: What are the theoretical and intervention rationales behind peer-led physical activity interventions? What can be established regarding the effects of such interventions on participants and peer leaders? How can such interventions be strengthened? The review included 43 studies on the peer-to-peer approach, with youth in the role as peer leaders, in physical activity interventions. The identified studies suggest that youth peer leadership initiatives can increase physical activity for youth and children. However, the studies varied on a range of parameters and did not reveal any clear patterns of factors associated with impact.
An adaptive control approach for semi-active suspension systems under unknown road disturbance input using hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Authors: Kararsiz Gokhan , Paksoy Mahmut , Metin Muzaffer , Basturk Halil Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

This article presents an application of the adaptive control method to semi-active suspension systems in the presence of unknown disturbance and parametric uncertainty. Due to the technical difficulties such as time delay and sensor noise, the road disturbance is assumed to be unmeasured. To overcome this problem, an observer is designed to estimate the disturbance. It is considered that the road profile consists of a finite number of the sum of sinusoidal signals with unknown amplitudes, phases and frequencies. After the parametrization of the observer, the adaptive control approach is employed to attenuate the effect of the road-induced vibrations using a magnetorheological damper. It is proved that the closed-loop system is stable, despite the adverse road conditions. Finally, the performance of the controller is illustrated with a hardware-in-the-loop simulation in which the system is subjected to sinusoidal and random profile road excitations. To demonstrate the benefits of the adaptive controller, the results are presented in comparison with a conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller.
Protective Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Nasal Mucosa of Rats Against the Histopathologic Changes in Cigarette Smoke Exposure
Authors: Akkoca Özlem , Unlu Ceren Ersoz , Tatar Ilkan , Sargon Mustafa Fevzi , Zeybek Dilara , Oguztuzun Serpil
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

Smoking is a public health problem that has been proven to have adverse effects on human health. Aerobic exercise has positive effects on the human body, especially on the respiratory system.

Objective:

The aim of this experimental animal model study was to determine whether regular aerobic exercise has a protective effect against the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on the nasal mucosa of rats.

Methods:

A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into 3 groups of 8: group 1 (cigarette smoking), group 2 (cigarette smoking and exercise), and group 3 (control group). At the end of the experiment period, histopathological (light and electron microscopy) and immunohistochemical (GSTA 1, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1) evaluations were made of the nasal mucosa of the animals.

Results:

Goblet cell loss and basal membrane thickening were significantly lower in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1. In the electron microscope evaluation, the inflammatory expressions of the goblet cells were observed in a very small area in group 2. In group 1, these were distributed over large areas between the mucosal cells. There was seen to be significant swelling of the mitochondria in group 1 compared to the other groups. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups with respect to GSTA1, CYP2E1, and CYP1A1 scores ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The results of this study showed that regular aerobic exercise has a protective effect against the harmful effects of smoking on the nasal mucosa of rats.
Togetherness after terror: The more or less digital commemorative public atmospheres of the Manchester Arena bombing’s first anniversary
Authors: Merrill Samuel , Sumartojo Shanti , Closs Stephens Angharad , Coward Martin
Published: January 2020

This article examines the forms and feelings of togetherness evident in both Manchester city centre and on social media during the first anniversary of the 22 May 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. To do this, we introduce a conceptual framework that conceives commemorative public atmospheres as composed of a combination of ‘more or less digital’ elements. We also present a methodological approach that combines the computational collection and analysis of Twitter content with short-term team autoethnography. First, the article addresses the concept of public atmospheres before introducing the case study and outlining our methodology. We then analyse the shifting moods of togetherness created by the official programme of commemorative events known as Manchester Together and their digital mediatisation through Twitter. We then explore a grassroots initiative, #LoveMCRBees, and how it relied on the materialisation of social media logics to connect people. Overall, we demonstrate how public atmospheres, as constituted in more and less digital ways, provide a framework for conceptualising commemorative events, and how togetherness is reworked by social media, especially in the context of responses to terrorism.
Toward bed state morphodynamics in gravel-bed rivers
Authors: Adams David Lawson
Published: January 2020

In fluvial geomorphology, one of the most pervasive paradigms is that the size of the grains present in a river exercises an important effect on its character. In gravel-bed rivers, there is considerable scatter in the relations between so-called “representative grain sizes” and basic channel processes and morphologies. Under a grain size paradigm, our ability to rationalize the characteristics of a given channel and predict how it will respond to a change in conditions is limited. In this paper, I deconstruct this paradigm by exploring its historical origins in geomorphology and fluid dynamics, and identify three of its underlying premises: (1) the association between grain diameter and fluid drag derived from Nikuradse’s experiments with sand-coated surfaces; (2) the use of grain size by early process geomorphologists to describe general trends across large samples of sand-bed rivers; and (3) a classificatory approach to discerning bed structures originally developed for bed configurations found in sand-bed rivers. The conflation of sand- and gravel-bed rivers limits our ability to understand gravel-bed morphodynamics. Longstanding critique of the grain size paradigm has generated alternative ideas but, due to technological and conceptual limitations, they have remained unrealized. One such unrealized idea is the morphology-based definition of bed state – an important degree of freedom within fluvial systems, particularly in reaches where adjustments to planform are not easily achieved. By embracing recent advancements in fluid dynamics and remote sensing, I present an alternative or complementary concept of bed state based on the notion that fluvial systems act to maximize flow resistance. The proposed quantitative index represents the relative contribution of morphologic adjustments occurring at different spatial scales (discriminated using a wavelet transform) to a stable channel configuration. By explicitly acknowledging the complexity of bed adjustments we can move toward a more complete understanding of channel stability in gravel-bed rivers.
Steel Bridge Load Rating Impacts Owing to Autonomous Truck Platoons
Authors: Tohme Rita , Yarnold Matthew
Published: January 2020

Autonomous truck platoons are two or more trucks driving together as a single unit through the use of vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology. These platoons can automatically accelerate or brake together, allowing them to travel at closer distances. With the world moving towards a more environment-friendly approach to everyday decisions, it is not a surprise that the concept of truck platooning is gaining momentum, as it reduces CO2 emissions by lowering fuel consumption. However, studies need to be performed to confirm that existing bridges will be able to adequately support truck platoons. The scope of this research is to study the effects of truck platooning on steel girder bridges in the United States (US). A multi-dimensional parametric study was conducted, which evaluated a variety of bridge span configurations and span lengths. Load ratings (using three different methodologies) were calculated for each of these structures for a range of truck platoons (both the number of trucks within a platoon and spacing between trucks). For comparison, the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design and legal load ratings were also calculated for each bridge and were used to quantify the adequacy of current bridges to carry truck platoons. The study was able to identify the potentially inadequate existing bridges based on the original design methodology, configuration, and span length. This information is intended to be valuable to bridge owners as an initial screening process along corridors that will be subjected to regular truck platoon traffic.
Inflow cannula obstruction in Berlin Heart Excor and novel extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation for rescue
Authors: Deshpande Shriprasad R , Desai Manan , Sinha Pranava , Kanter Joshua , Yerebakan Can
Published: January 2020

Utilization of Berlin Excor as a pediatric bridge to transplantation device continues to increase. Thromboembolic complications continue to be an important morbidity related to ventricular assist devices. Obstructions to the device cannulae are rare but potentially life-threatening complications of ventricular assist devices, but inflow cannula obstruction is hitherto unreported. We present a case of a 4-year-old supported with Berlin BiVAD who demonstrated acute decompensation related to thrombus within the left atrial cannula. We describe the diagnosis, intervention, as well as novel rescue using existing cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.
Aerodynamic optimization to tandem stators by using sweep and dihedral
Authors: Zhang Jinouwen , Zhuang Haowan , Teng Jinfang , Zhu Mingmin , Qiang Xiaoqing
Published: January 2020

In the modern aerodynamic design of turbomachinery blades, the geometries of blades often need to be reshaped to achieve better aerodynamic performance by introducing extra parametric design variables. A higher variable dimension will lead to a larger sampling range as well as a sparser sample distribution, which challenges the effectiveness and stability of optimization schemes based on surrogate model by making the model prediction quality even poorer. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization based on Gaussian process model was carried out for a high dimensional design space. Based on the previous two-dimensional optimization, tandem stators of a modern compressor were optimized by the design of sweep and dihedral. The purpose of the study is to improve the aerodynamic performance of the compressor tandem stators as well as to provide an effective optimization scheme for high dimensional multi-objective optimization problems. The design of sweep and dihedral for reshaping the tandem stators consists of a total of 18 design variables. An improvement in total pressure recovery coefficient of at least 0.7% at positive incidence and at least 0.3% at negative incidence was obtained, much larger than that in the previous two-dimensional optimization. The optimization process shows that, by using Gaussian process as the surrogate model and a special sampling strategy, this optimization scheme is effective and efficient to handle this high dimensional space. The aerodynamic influences of design parameters of tandem blades were analyzed in detail and the superiority of sweep and dihedral in reducing aerodynamic loss was confirmed.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced distal renal tubular acidosis: A case report
Authors: Salimi Rozhin , Begum Ishmath , Varma Danturulu Muralidhar , Nandakrishna B , Rajesh Radhakrishnan , Vidyasagar Sudha
Published: January 2020

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an anti-retroviral drug that is known to cause nephrotoxicity including renal tubular acidosis (RTA). With increasing literature on proximal RTA caused by TDF, reports on distal RTA are scarce, with only one case reported so far. We report a case of distal RTA in patient living with human immunodeficiency virus, who presented with nausea and fatigue giving a history of TDF-based therapy for two years. Laboratory investigations revealed non-anion gap metabolic acidosis, positive urine anion gap, hyperchloremia, and hypokalemia. The patient improved after discontinuing TDF and supportive management.
Thiamine deficiency and oxidative stress induced by prolonged metronidazole therapy can explain its side effects of neurotoxicity and infertility in experimental animals: Effect of grapefruit co-therapy
Authors: Hassan MH , Awadalla EA , Ali RA , Fouad SS , Abdel-Kahaar E
Published: January 2020

We aimed to explore the possible neurotoxicity and infertility mechanisms of prolonged metronidazole (MTZ) use and the effects of antioxidant grapefruit (GP) co-therapy on MTZ-induced complications. Sixty male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups ( n = 15 each). Group I (control group) received 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (27 ml/ kg/day), group II (MTZ group) received MTZ (400 mg/kg/day), group III (MTZ + GP) received MTZ (400 mg/kg/ day) plus GP juice (27 ml/kg/ day) and group IV (GP group) received GP juice (27 ml/kg) for 60 days. Semen analyses were performed. Free testosterone, gonadotrophin (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone) and thiamine levels were measured. Samples of cerebellar, testicular and epididymal tissues were used for both colorimetric assays of oxidative stress markers and histopathological examinations. Significant decreases in the sperm count, percent total sperm motility, serum thiamine levels, free testosterone levels and FSH levels were observed in the MTZ and MTZ + GP groups ( p < 0.05 for all parameters). Significantly higher oxidative stress levels ( p < 0.05) were observed in the cerebellar and testicular tissue homogenates of these groups than in those of the control group, and associated disruptions in the cerebellar, testicular and epididymal structures were apparent compared to those of the control group. Although the GP group showed a significantly higher sperm count and significantly lower oxidative stress than the control group ( p < 0.05), with histological similarity to the control group, the GP group exhibited significantly higher prolactin levels and lower free testosterone and FSH levels than the control group ( p < 0.05). Oxidative stress and decreased thiamine levels could explain the MTZ-induced neurotoxicity and infertility side effects that aggravated by GP co-administration.
MOBILE-APPS questionnaire: Developing and validating a scale to measure the attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate students on mobile information literacy
Authors: Pinto Maria , Caballero David , Sales Dora , Fernández-Pascual Rosaura
Published: January 2020

This paper aims at reflecting on the process of developing and validating a scale for measuring the students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding the use of mobile technologies in the teaching-learning of information competencies (MOBILE-APPS). Validation was carried out by administering the questionnaire to a pilot group of students, selected from Education degree, with a rubric to analyse the quality/coherence, clarity and usefulness of the content. The questionnaire was then piloted with a larger sample of students. To analyse the tool’s reliability and internal validity, scale validation techniques and exploratory factorial analysis were used. The resulting questionnaire, MOBILE-APPS, is a simple yet effective scale for collecting information. It can be applied in a number of university settings and degrees to ascertain student attitudes and perceptions of mobile information literacy.
Vitamin D and bisphosphonate therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients who receive glucocorticoids: are we offering the best care?
Authors: Sapkota S , Baig S , Hess T , O’Connell A M , Menk J , Shyne M , Fazeli P , Ensrud K , Shmagel A
Published: January 2020

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate management practices for glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients using 2017 American College of Rheumatology guidelines as a gold standard.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a clinical database from the years 2011 to 2016. SLE cases with >90 days continuous prednisone use at doses of ≥7.51 mg daily were identified. Osteoporosis risk factors were assessed via chart review. The Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) score was estimated for patients > 40 years of age. Vitamin D, bisphosphonate prescriptions, and osteoporotic (OP) fractures were ascertained through chart review. A classification tree was used to identify the key patient-related predictors of bisphosphonate prescription.

Results

A total of 203 SLE patients met the inclusion criteria. The recommended dose of vitamin D supplement was prescribed to 58.9% of patients < 40 years of age and 61.5% of patients ≥ 40 years of age. Among patients aged ≥ 40 years, 25% were prescribed bisphosphonates compared to 36% who met indications for bisphosphonates per the ACR guidelines. Another 10% were prescribed a bisphosphonate, despite not having indication per the ACR guidelines, which was considered as overtreatment. Among patients aged ≥ 40 years, older age and a higher FRAX score for major OP fracture and hip fracture predicted bisphosphonate prescription. In a classification tree analysis, patients with FRAX scores (for major OP fracture) of ≥ 23.5% predicted bisphosphonate prescription in this SLE population. Among patients who had OP fractures in the follow-up period, nine (6.50%) were inpatients receiving appropriate GIOP care versus 12 (13.6%) who were inpatients not receiving ACR-appropriate care ( p = 0.098).

Conclusions

In clinical practice, fewer SLE patients with or at risk for GIOP are prescribed vitamin D and bisphosphonates than recommended by the 2017 ACR guidelines. Also, in this study, another 10% were prescribed a bisphosphonate, despite not having an indication per the ACR guidelines. Patients were most likely to receive a bisphosphonate prescription if they had a major OP FRAX score of > 23.5%.
‘The Test of Taste’: New Media and the ‘Progressive Indian Foodscape’
Authors: Nanjangud Apoorva , Reddy Madhavi
Published: January 2020

The discourse surrounding the Indian foodscape has constantly evolved. In the recent past, the Indian foodscape has observably undergone a stark change, especially in the way people perceive and present food. The globalisation and proliferation of both traditional and social media have had a strong impact on the food fabric of India on the restaurant and household level. While shows like MasterChef Australia were instrumental in diffusing artistic food parlance, social media tools, such as Instagram, made mobile phones synonymous with cutlery on tables. The diverse offerings and food packaging in the Indian culinary landscape is slowly turning the food culture into an ‘experience culture’ and consequently, a ‘taste culture’. Also, table theatrics and fusionism have become rampant in the Indian foodscape often creating a hyperreal dining experience. Based on the in-depth interviews with food bloggers, food experts and food enthusiasts, this article argues that the contemporary Indian foodscape increasingly looks beyond just sustenance and attaches meanings of class and art to it. Therefore, this article problematises and assesses the emerging trends in the contemporary Indian food industry through a ‘social-mediatised gaze’, thereby making substantial contributions to the field of media studies and culture studies.
Novel Passage of Dermis-Fat Graft for Augmentation of Vermilion Deficiency Following Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Sasson Daniel C. , Turin Sergey Y. , Gosain Arun K.
Published: January 2020

Despite timely repair of cleft lip, secondary deformities such as vermilion notching or “whistle deformity” often require further surgical treatment. The use of dermis-fat graft for soft tissue augmentation of the upper lip is an established technique. We propose an innovation on this technique, by which the dermis-fat graft can be placed reliably and with minimal dissection by use of a soft red rubber sheath to protect the Keith needle while delivering the graft through the submucosal pocket in the dry vermilion, thereby avoiding the needle inadvertently catching soft tissue inside the pocket. We recommend using an 8F red rubber catheter, cutting the catheter to be just shorter than a 2.5-inch Keith needle. This provides a sheath through which the Keith needle can be passed within the submucosal vermilion tunnel. We believe this to be much more reliable for vermilion augmentation than other techniques, including fat injection, and makes graft inset more predictable, faster, and simpler.
Diagnostic Values of Inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors for Acute Joint Bleeding in Patients With Severe Hemophilia A
Authors: Xu Huijuan , Zhong Ren , Wang Kai , Li Xuerong , Zhao Yanxia , Jiang Jian , Si Shaoyong , Sun Lirong
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to assess the levels of inflammatory factors and angiogenic factors in patients with severe hemophilia A and evaluate their diagnostic values for acute joint bleeding. This study included a total of 144 patients with severe hemophilia A. Of them, 66 had acute joint bleeding. Ninety healthy volunteers were recruited as control. The levels of leukocytes, monocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, phagocyte migration inhibitory factor (MIF), plasminogen, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, d-dimer, and α2 antifibrinolytic enzyme were measured using hematology analyzer. Thrombomodulin, endostatin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors affecting acute joint bleeding. Compared with healthy volunteers, the levels of leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), MIF, and VEGF were significantly ( P < .05) elevated in the patients with severe hemophilia A and were significantly higher in patients with joint bleeding than in patients with nonbleeding ( P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that CRP and VEGF were independent risk factors for acute joint bleeding ( P < .05). The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of CRP for the diagnosis of acute joint bleeding were 0.829, 88.43%, and 67.87%, respectively, and those of VEGF were 0.758, 82.8%, and 68.3%, respectively. The levels of inflammatory factors and angiogenesis factors are elevated in patients with severe hemophilia A and both CRP and VEGF are closely related to acute joint bleeding and may be used as potential biomarkers for predicting acute joint bleeding in patients with severe hemophilia A.
Repetitive accuracy degradation of numerical control rotary table based on hidden Markov model and improved particle filtering
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Wang Gang , Ding Shuang , Song Aiping , Yu Liang
Published: January 2020

A novel prediction approach based on the hidden Markov model and improved particle filtering for numerical control rotary table was proposed to estimate the degradation trend of repetitive positioning accuracy. Here, the resampling algorithm of the particle filter is improved and data-driven methods are introduced for the first time to study accuracy. The vibration signal obtained from an accelerated accuracy degradation test was selected as the test data. First, the original signal was de-noised and reconstructed by ensemble empirical mode decomposition-principal component analysis. Second, a hidden Markov model was trained by an observation matrix, which was composed of statistical characteristic values. Then, an early diagnosis of repetitive positioning accuracy degradation was obtained and the health status indicator of accuracy was built. Finally, the degradation trend model of repetitive positioning accuracy was established by improved particle filtering, and the residual accuracy life can also be calculated. With model calculations and experimental measurements, the results show that the approach is effective for numerical control rotary tables to estimate the degradation trend of repetitive positioning accuracy and residual accuracy life.
Operational Definition of Serious Mental Illness: Heterogeneity in a Review of the Research on Quality-of-Life Interventions
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Concepción , Richart-Martínez Miguel , Ramos-Pichardo Juan Diego
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: An operational definition of serious mental illness (SMI) with well-defined inclusion criteria allows the identification of the most vulnerable individuals and secures resources to meet their needs and develop social programs for their treatment, rehabilitation, and recovery. In addition, the contents of a clinical construct such as SMI have an impact on both the development and the clinical application of the research results. However, currently, different ways of operationalizing the definition of SMI coexist. AIMS: The aim of this review was to explore whether unanimity exists in the operationalization of SMI definitions in quality-of-life interventions research. METHODS: A review of the literature based on searches of the MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases was conducted. Intervention studies were selected in which quality of life was the outcome variable and adults with SMI were the subject population. RESULTS: A wide range of definition of SMI is used in the scientific literature. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of unanimity in the variables considered necessary to identify SMI. The scientific literature uses different approaches to operationalize SMI, and these approaches vary considerably among studies. Caution is required when interpreting quality-of-life research that includes individuals labeled with SMI. It is necessary to reach a consensus on the criteria for applying the SMI label to ensure its content validity.
Achieving Patient Satisfaction: Utilizing Telehealth Via an Academic–Practice Partnership
Authors: Wynn Stephanie T.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Academic–practice partnerships are a key component of the provision of innovative patient-centered care throughout a health care system. As consumers gain access to more health care options, patient satisfaction is becoming increasingly important. Patients’ satisfaction depends on their perception during utilization of health care services. AIM: The purpose of the project was to assess patients’ level of satisfaction with the utilization of a telehealth service to receive psychiatric-mental health care. METHOD: The project used a quantitative survey research design comprising a sample of patients receiving treatment for a psychiatric-mental health disorder. Utilizing telehealth, trained nursing students assisted in the provision of follow-up mental health care to patients residing in a rural area. Participating patients completed the 10-item Telehealth Satisfaction Scale questionnaire on conclusion of the follow-up appointment. RESULTS: Questionnaire responses were scored on a 4-point Likert-type scale, with high scores indicating greater satisfaction. Item means ranged from 3.4 to 3.82. CONCLUSIONS: As a positive association was found between patient satisfaction and the utilization of telehealth as part of an academic–clinical partnership, results suggest that the project was a worthwhile innovative endeavor. The telehealth intervention proved to be a sufficient alternative method of in-person follow-up visits for patients receiving treatment for psychiatric-mental health disorders.
Spirituality in Psychiatric Nursing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Clark Michelle , Emerson Amanda
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: There is robust literature on spirituality in nursing. Despite the unique needs of those with serious mental illness, there has been little exploration of spirituality in the context of nursing care for this population. Lacking a well-defined concept of spirituality in psychiatric care, mental health nurses often struggle to provide optimal, holistic care. AIMS: The aim of this concept analysis was to review definitions and descriptions of spirituality in the psychiatric nursing literature to synthesize a usable definition to inform practice and provide a basis for future study. METHOD: Beth Rodgers’s evolutionary concept analysis method was followed to inductively derive a definition of spirituality in psychiatric nursing care. Steps included identification of the concept, setting, and sample; synthesis of key attributes, antecedents, and consequences from the literature; and a discussion of implications. A search in the psychiatric nursing literature (1998-2019) included literature reviews, case studies, concept analyses, qualitative interview studies, and quantitative survey research. RESULTS: Spirituality in psychiatric nursing was defined by attributes of a search for life meaning and purpose and a sense of connectedness. Spirituality in the practice of psychiatric nursing was a result of value-influenced thinking and a capability for interaction with others. Consequences included consolation and positive or negative coping. CONCLUSIONS: A clearly defined concept of spirituality in psychiatric nursing can provide a basis for clinical confidence for nurses in identifying patient spiritual needs and choosing appropriate interventions to support those needs.
Mid-term results of total hip arthroplasty using a novel uncemented short femoral stem with metaphyso-diaphyseal fixation
Authors: Blakeney William G , Lavigne Martin , Beaulieu Yann , Puliero Benjamin , Vendittoli Pascal-André
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Short stems were developed with the promise of providing easier implantation, facilitating revision, reducing thigh pain and proximal stress shielding. The aim of this study is to present the mid-term clinical results of a titanium short stem with modular neck.

Methods:

This is a prospective case series of 144 THAs performed on a series of 131 patients using the PROFEMUR Preserve Femoral Stem (MicroPort Orthopedics, Arlington, TN, USA). 2 surgeons, operated on the patients using a mini-posterior approach. The primary outcomes evaluated were stem revision for aseptic loosening and all-cause stem revision. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were also assessed.

Results:

Of the 144 THAs, there were 43 males and 101 females, with an average age of 61 (range 22–92) years at surgery. After a mean of 78 (range 53–87) months follow-up, there were 2 (1.5%) femoral implant revisions; 1 for early femoral periprosthetic fracture and 1 for fatigue failure of the modular femoral neck. There were no cases of stem aseptic loosening and radiographic analysis demonstrated no cases of stem migration. The mean UCLA activity, WOMAC and Fogotten Joint scores were respectively 6.1, 10.7 and 86.6. 70% of prosthetic hips were observed as having no restriction and 99.2% of patients were satisfied with their THA.

Conclusions:

This short modular stem produced satisfactory clinical and radiological results at mid-term, with 98.5% implant survival for any cause of stem revision and no revisions for aseptic loosening. Long-term results are required to further evaluate the stem’s promising early results.
Mountain bike tourism economic impacts: A critical analysis of academic and practitioner studies
Authors: Buning Richard J , Lamont Matthew
Published: January 2020

Mountain biking as a sport and recreational activity has grown rapidly over the previous two decades. Consequently, there has been growth recently in efforts aimed at stimulating mountain bike tourism through the development and marketing of mountain bike trails and parks. Various community advocates, academics, and industry practitioners have sought to quantify the economic impacts of mountain bike tourism to garner public and other financial assistance to aid the development of mountain bike tourism. This research critically reviewed 33 academic and practitioner studies reporting on mountain bike tourism economic impacts. Analysis revealed widespread inconsistency in instrumentation and variable measurement contributing to a fragmented body of knowledge pertaining to economic impacts of mountain bike tourism. Recommendations for improved rigor and consistency in future research measuring mountain bike tourism impacts are provided.
Traces of culture: The feedback loop between behavior, brain, and disorder
Authors: Crafa Daina , Nagel Saskia K.
Published: January 2020

Culture is part of an extensive series of feedback loops, which involve multiple organismic levels including social contexts, cognitive mediations, neural processes, and behavior. Recent studies in neuroscience show that culturally contingent social processes shape some neural pathways. Studying the influence of cultural context on neural processes may yield new insights into psychiatric disorders. New methodologies in the neurosciences offer innovative ways to assess the impact of culture on mental health and illness. However, implementing these methodologies raises important theoretical and ethical concerns, which must be resolved to address patient individuality and the complexity of cultural diversity. This article discusses cultural context as a major influence on (and consequence of) human neural plasticity and advocates a culture–brain–behavior (CBB) interaction model for conceptualizing the relationship between culture, brain, and psychiatric disorders. Recommendations are made for integrating neuroscientific techniques into transcultural psychiatric research by taking a systems approach to evaluating disorders.
Improving the controllability of partial fuel stratification at low boost levels by applying a double late injection strategy
Authors: Yan Ziming , Gainey Brian , Hariharan Deivanayagam , Lawler Benjamin
Published: January 2020

This experimental study has two objectives. The first objective is to investigate the combustion performance of partial fuel stratification on a high compression ratio, light-duty diesel engine at a practical boost level of 1.6 bar. The second objective is to study the effects of a double late injection strategy on the ϕ-stratification gradient and combustion performance of partial fuel stratification, and verify the improvement in controllability with insufficient gasoline phi-sensitivity (i.e. gasoline does not exhibit strong phi-sensitivity at lower pressure conditions). The total targeted fuel flow rate was 16 mg/cycle throughout all of the experiments. Consequently, the global charge–mass equivalence ratio was fixed at 0.35. In order to investigate the combustion performance, start of injection timing sweeps were performed from –140° to –40° after top dead center, with the split fraction (i.e. the premixed fuel portion) varying from 70% to 90%. The combustion phasing was fixed at 8.6° after top dead center by adjusting the exhaust gas recirculation rate.
A [1 + 2] cycloaddition instead of usual [2 + 3] cycloaddition between the B12N12 cluster and methyl azide: Potential energy surface calculations and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Pakravan Parvaneh , Siadati Seyyed Amir
Published: January 2020

We have examined here the possibility of functionalization of the B12N12 cluster by methyl azide by means of a [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction in analogy with the spontaneous functionalization of C20 fullerene using the same reaction. To achieve more reliable data, all possible interactions at different positions and orientations were considered by reaction channel study and potential energy surface calculations. Also, Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations were used to find probable species which could emerge during the reactions.
Diverse books for diverse children: Building an early childhood diverse booklist for social and emotional learning
Authors: Garces-Bacsal Rhoda Myra
Published: January 2020

Research has indicated how diverse books contribute to a more culturally responsive pedagogy, allowing children to identify themselves in the stories they read and gain an appreciation for others whose lives are different from theirs. Moreover, a sensitive discussion of and critical responses to diverse picturebooks is found to positively influence a child’s social and emotional learning competecies, apart from increasing a child’s cultural knowledge and serving as a catalyst for social justice. This paper is meant to broaden early childhood educators’ repertoire of picturebooks that can be used in the classroom to also include international titles (translated into English from their original languages) and multicultural titles to facilitate affective engagement with these narratives and introduce social and emotional learning skills (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and responsible decision-making). This paper provides a list of diverse books (from the Netherlands, Japan, Lithuania, Spain, Germany, France, Argentina – among others) for students in early childhood (from preschool to third grade) thematically organized across the five social and emotional learning competencies. Strategies such as book-bonding and literacy bags for family engagement will be shared while using the framework of culturally responsive teaching in an early childhood setting. Recommendations for how family members can be more involved are included, along with critical literacy strategies that include conversations, multiple perspectives and the sharing of authentic experiences.
Mitigation of liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank due to slotted porous screen
Authors: Poguluri Sunny Kumar , Cho Il-Hyoung
Published: January 2020

Liquid sloshing inside a tank with a slotted porous screen at the center is studied based on numerical and experimental methods. Slotted screens with three different porosities (0.0964, 0.1968 and 0.3022) for two submergence depths of 1 and 2 cm have been considered. One of the main advantages of the slotted screens is that the resonance frequency of the sloshing tank can be altered and the sloshing-induced motion/load can be suppressed by energy dissipation across the porous screen. The complexities of slotted screens equipped in a sloshing tank are accompanied by wave breaking, jet formation and liquid fragmentations which are commonly seen phenomena across the porous screen. These violent free surface behaviors in a tank are studied based on numerical simulations using the incompressible turbulent model and compared with the experiments. For the numerical sloshing tank with porous screen, free surface elevation and pressure at the tank wall are in good agreement with the experimental results. The adopted numerical technique will be able to capture the nonlinear free surface wave profile, air entrapment and jet formation across the screen in agreement with the experiments. For the fully submerged screen, the lowest resonance period shifted slightly to higher values. The sloshing tank equipped with porous screen of 0.1968 for the fully submerged screen predicted lower values of the amplification factor and pressure at the tank wall compared to other cases.
Creating identity texts with young children across culturally and linguistically diverse contexts
Authors: Streelasky Jodi
Published: January 2020

This article addresses the ways young children in culturally and linguistically diverse settings were involved in the meaningful development of identity texts in the form of personalized books. In the study, Canadian and Tanzanian children aged 4 to 6 shared their favorite learning experiences and spaces at school through their use of multiple modes. A multimodal approach to data sharing was then implemented through the co-creation of three dual-language books in English and Kiswahili. The books featured the research participants’ images, drawings, paintings, and photographs, and included verbal descriptions of their multimodal texts in their distinct geographical and cultural contexts. The children in both settings were involved in the book-making process by sharing their views on what images and descriptions they wanted to include in the identity texts that were then shared with both groups of children, their teachers, and their families. This approach to research and data dissemination with children draws on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child which views children as strong, capable, and knowledgeable. This perspective also recognizes the rights of children to participate in decision-making processes in research in which they are involved, and to be empowered to communicate their own views.
Community asset mapping as an action research strategy for developing an interpersonal violence prevention programme in South Africa
Authors: Taliep Naiema , Lazarus Sandy , Cochrane Jim , Olivier Jill , Bulbulia Samed , Seedat Mohamed , Swanepoel Hazel , James Anna-Marie
Published: January 2020

The aim of this article was to report and critically reflect on community asset mapping processes used to develop a contextually valid interpersonal violence prevention programme in South Africa to promote positive forms of masculinity, safety and peace. This study was informed by a critical public health framework, and was guided by the values and principles of community-based participatory action research. The research and action methods used included community asset mapping and action planning workshops, workshop evaluation questionnaires and reflexive researcher diary notes. Data were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of this study demonstrated that the community asset mapping process provides reflexive and embedded spaces for academic and community participants to interactively engage and critically discuss issues which resonate with community concerns, and collectively find possible solutions to challenges identified. A participatory and asset-based approach holds promise for developing interventions that are appropriate and relevant to local challenges.
The physiological role of Wnt pathway in normal development and cancer
Authors: Li Xiang , Ortiz Maria A , Kotula Leszek
Published: January 2020

Over the decades, many studies have illustrated the critical roles of Wnt signaling pathways in both developmental processes as well as tumorigenesis. Due to the complexity of Wnt signaling regulation, there are still questions to be addressed about ways cells are able to manipulate different types of Wnt pathways in order to fulfill the requirements for normal or cancer development. In this review, we will describe different types of Wnt signaling pathways and their roles in both normal developmental processes and their role in cancer development and progression. Additionally, we will briefly introduce new strategies currently in clinical trials targeting Wnt signaling pathway components for cancer therapy.

Impact statement

Wnt pathway does not only play a critical role in mammalian development but has been hijacked by cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Recent evidence supports further interrogation of the Wnt pathway for bench-to-bedside translation into cancer therapy. This review highlights the role of the Wnt pathway in normal development and tumorigenesis, along with an overview of new therapies currently undergoing clinical trials.