bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triple dermoid sinus in sacro-caudal region in Rhodesian Ridgeback dog.
Authors: STERNA JACEK , SOBCZAK-FILIPIAK MAŁGORZATA , MIGDALSKA AGATA , MOSTEK JOANNA BERCZYŃSKA KAROLINA , DEGÓRSKA BEATA , TRĘBACZ PIOTR , GALANTY MAREK
Published: May 2019

The aim of this report is to describe a case of a triple dermoid sinus in the sacro-caudal region in an 11-month-old Rhodesian Rhidgeback dog. A clinical examination of the patient revealed a dermoid sinus in the sacro-caudal region. Neurological examination did not show any abnormalities. A blood test and a radiological examination were performed, but the owner refused to perform an MRI. A decision about surgical treatment was made. Two smaller lesions, located 2 cm and 4 cm caudally to the first one, were discovered during skin shaving. The skin around the lesions looked smoother and less pigmented than in the other parts of the body. All three lesions were resected up to the spinous process top or the supraspinous ligament. Histopathological examination showed a typical anatomy of the sinuses and anatomical changes in the skin between them: thinner epidermis and an abnormal shape of hair follicles. In the soft tissue between the ends of the sinus lumina and the supraspinous ligament there were no adnexal structures, such as hair or hair follicles. The sinus type was classified as IIIa. The surgical wound healed without complications. The owner was contacted 14 days and 6 months after surgery, and no signs of complications, pain or gait abnormalities were reported. Dermoid sinus diagnosis is based on medical history, clinical examination and diagnostic imaging. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are regarded as the most valuable. In many cases, however, their results are inconsistent with those of intraoperative exploration, for example, when a fibrous strand cannot be seen or the depth of the sinus has been inaccurately assessed. Often the depth and type of the dermoid sinus can be exactly assessed only by surgical exploration, so in some cases advanced imaging techniques can be omitted. The most commonly described location of a dermoid sinus is the cervical segment, with multiple lesions present. Only one case of a double dermoid sinus in the sacro-caudal section has been described in the literature. To our knowledge, a triple dermoid sinus at this location and skin anatomy changes in the dorsal medial line between sinuses have not yet been reported.
Molecular techniques for detecting food adulteration
Authors: HABZA-KOWALSKA EWA , GRELA MAŁGORZATA , GRYZIŃSKA MAGDALENA , LISTOS PIOTR
Published: May 2019

Food adulteration means that substances have been added to food that change its composition and reduce its nutritional value. Food adulteration also includes giving a product a misleading name, providing false information on its composition, date of production or expiry date, and any other incorrect labelling. Numerous cases of food adulteration have been recorded in many countries, including Poland. This has led to the creation of a new field of science, known as ‘green criminology’, to combat violations of food law. Over the years, new techniques for identifying food adulterations have been developed. Originally, these were sensory techniques, which proved unreliable. Later, physical analysis of the product was performed on the basis of information on the label and microscopic examination. Later methods, based on identification of lipids and proteins, were also unreliable due to biochemical changes during processing. These problems prompted scientists to become interested in the potential of DNA testing. Due the stability of DNA and the universal applicability of DNA-based methods to all cells, they are ideal for use in practice. Currently, the most reliable test for detecting food adulteration is PCR, as it is a highly sensitive and specific technique.
Melatonin, insulin and adrenaline in the blood of rabbit kits that survived prenatal hypoxia: Hormone dynamics at physical exertion
Authors: ALIYEV ALI , HASANOVA KONUL , ALIYEVA FATMA , BABAYEVA RUCHANQIZ , IBRAHIMVA SEVINJ , HUSEYNOV ELVIN
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of melatonin, insulin and adrenaline in the blood of rabbit kits (prior and subsequent to prenatal hypoxia) at various stages of fetal growth and development, as well as to study the ability of kits to withstand physical exertion of various intensity and duration in light and darkness. This research shows that the melatonin level decreases with increasing insulin, and increases with decreasing insulin in animals of different ages kept under conditions of constant light and constant darkness, whereas the level of adrenaline decreases at physical exertion, but increases with a decrease in melatonin. This research confirms the inverse relationship between the levels of melatonin and insulin and between the levels of melatonin and adrenaline. Kits kept in constant darkness showed increased melatonin levels, which, by contrast, decreased under conditions of constant light.
Design and simulation analysis of an improved wearable power knee exoskeleton
Authors: Wang Fangzheng , Yan Lei , Xiao Jiang , Fan Lei
Published: May 2019

The wearable lower limb power robotic exoskeleton is a device that can improve the human walking ability. In this paper, an improved exoskeleton device for knee joint is designed, including the improvement of mechanical structure and hydraulic cylinder. In order to verify the effectiveness of the improvement of the hydraulic cylinder, we have carried out the following studies. Firstly, in terms of mechanical structure, length adjusting device is added to meet the needs of different people. At the same time, a limit device is added to the knee joint to improve the safety performance and comfort. Secondly, the dynamics of the model is carried out by Lagrange, and the exoskeleton model is established for ADAMS motion simulation. The force of ADAMS simulation, the calculated by Lagrange equation and the force of the first edition of hydraulic cylinder are compared, and the force selection of hydraulic cylinder is analyzed. By comparison with the first edition, the optimization rate of the improved hydraulic cylinder reaches 8 %. Finally, in order to verify the rationality of ADAMS simulation and the effectiveness of hydraulic cylinder improvement, the wear test is carried out, the average errors of leg centroid in normal walking, wearing exoskeleton walking and ADAMS simulation data are compared. The average error rate is less than 10 %. The results show that the simulation model design is reasonable, and the effectiveness of the hydraulic cylinder improvement is verified. The exoskeleton device designed can well follow the human motion. The simulation analysis of the exoskeleton provides important parameters for the manufacture and it also provides theoretical basis for the later control theory.
Interactive Image Segmentation using Neighborhood Spatial Information and Statistical Grey Level on Dental Panoramic Radiograph
Authors: Choirunnisa Shabrina , Firmanto Ari , Zaenal Agus
Published: May 2019

In dental panoramic radiographs, grey-level intensity information has been widely used for object segmentation in digital image. However, low contrast in the radiograph image causes high ambiguity  that can cause the inconsistency of classification result. Since the grey-level intensity of background and object is almost similar, so in order to improve the segmentation result, the spatial distance on neighborhod region is applied.  In this paper, we proposed a novel strategy to measure the distance using neighborhod spatial information and statistical grey level technique for image segmentation. The proposed method starts by calculating adjacency matrix and measured spatial distance on neighborhood region. Since the value of both distances are not in the same range, then the normalization is needed. The distances merging is approached by tuning the weight using several constant values. The experiment results show that our proposed merging strategy has better segmentation result based on Relative Foreground Area Error value.
KOPYOR COCONUT DETECTION USING SOUND-BASED DYNAMIC TIME WARPING METHOD
Authors: Dhelika Radon , Nugroho Firman Ady , Bayu Muhamad , Kamil Alfian
Published: May 2019

Kopyor coconut is a coconut that has genetic abnormalities which cause the coconut meat to have a unique texture and is detached from the coconut shell. Its uniqueness attracts many enthusiasts resulting in a high economic value, 4-5 times that of the ordinary coconut. From its external appearance, kopyor coconut does not differ with ordinary coconut and this poses a challenge in the detection stage. To date, both farmers and sellers use a traditional approach by listening to the sound of whisk from kopyor coconut to detect them. Unfortunately, this approach relies heavily on experience and expertise of the person. Therefore, a new detection approach is proposed based on sound recognition using Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) as the method for feature extraction and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) as the method for feature matching. Objects that will be detected are kopyor coconuts and ordinary coconut which has grown mature. By implementing both methods, a program has been developed to detect kopyor coconut with an accuracy of 93.8%.
DETECTION OF DISEASE ON CORN PLANTS USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK METHODS
Authors: Hidayat Ardi , Darusalam Ucuk , Irmawati Irmawati
Published: May 2019

Deep Learning is still an interesting issue and is still widely studied. In this study Deep Learning was used for the diagnosis of corn plant disease using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method, with a total dataset of 3.854 images of diseases in corn plants, which consisted of three types of corn diseases namely Common Rust, Gray Leaf Spot, and Northern Leaf Blight. With an accuracy of 99%, in detecting disease in corn plants.
An advective-dispersive transport model for residential water consumption
Authors: Enouy Robert W. , Unger Andre J. A. , Rehan Rashid
Published: May 2019

This work applies an advective-dispersive framework to simulate utility-wide residential water consumption using the analogy of a continuum transport process. In this context, the advective-dispersive process describes how changes in real water price and seasonal weather variability influence water consumption distribution, which ultimately governs mean and total water consumption values. Water consumption response is measured using histogram data optimally fit using parametric probability density functions (PDF) that have consistent parametrization over the entire observation period. Median statistic denotes advection and prescribes location of the measurement-space PDF, while standard deviation combined with standard-score PDF denotes dispersion which provides the measurement-space PDF with scale and shape. Combining location, scale, and shape components produces a measurement-space PDF that represents the solution to advective-dispersive transport phenomena. We use a Taylor series expansion of the statistics that define the PDF along with curvilinear regression to develop constitutive relationships that define how location, scale, and shape of the PDF respond to price and weather information. This results in a fully parametrizing advective-dispersive process represented by a partial differential equation that provides a tool for anticipating the probability that households will experience water poverty or use excess amounts as price, weather, and policy considerations change through time. This approach is conducive to automation when combined with smart water metering.
Proposal for the Location of a Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility for a Metropolitan Region
Authors: Colvero Diogo Appel , Gomes Ana Paula , Tarelho Luís António , Amador de Matos Manuel Arlindo , Feitosa Anny Kariny
Published: May 2019

Only 16 of the 246 municipalities of Goiás State, Brazil, dispose their municipal solid waste (MSW) in licensed landfills. Therefore, this study proposes the host municipality (HM) of the future shared MSW management facility (MSWMF), serving the Metropolitana de Goiânia (MGyn) microregion. First, the potential areas to construct MSW final disposal facilities (landfills) were identified. Subsequently, using mass point geometry, the HM of the proposed MSWMF for MGyn was defined. The results show that only 19.4% of the area of the studied municipalities is available or subject to approval for landfill construction. The HM will be Aparecida de Goiânia, which will process most of the MSW and send the rejects of treated MSW to the landfill that will be established in the neighboring municipality of Hidrolândia. Additionally, this MSWMF will serve 19 municipalities and will have nine waste transfer stations that will receive waste from 17 municipalities, to minimize MSW transport costs.
Estudo Etnobotânico de Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. Macbr. “Sete-Sangrias” (Lythraceae) Junto à Pastoral da Saúde, Santa Catarina
Authors: Colle Mariana Possamai Della , Rossato Angela Erna , Citadini-Zanette Vanilde
Published: May 2019

O uso de plantas medicinais tem evoluído ao longo do tempo e é crescente o interesse das indústrias farmacêuticas pelas plantas e seus compostos. O trabalho teve como objetivo realizar estudo etnobotânico sobre Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. Macbr. (Lythraceae), conhecida como “sete-sangrias”, utilizada pela Pastoral da Saúde, por meio da realização de 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas, com aplicação de um formulário abordando aspectos botânicos, agronômicos e farmacológicos. Dentre as formas farmacêuticas mais utilizadas destacam-se o infuso e a alcoolatura, indicadas principalmente para combater triglicerídeos, circulação e pressão alta. Estudos científicos demonstraram que a planta apresentou resultados para colesterol, hipertensão, diurética, antioxidante e vasorrelaxante. Evidencia-se a importância de estudos que resgatem o conhecimento de plantas medicinais de uso regional em áreas em constantes formações, como as cidades, para que este saber não se perca.
O Processo Histórico e Geográfico das Paisagens do Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul
Authors: Oliveira Ana Marcela França de
Published: May 2019

Book Review: Oliveira R, Lazos A (org.) 2018. Geografia Histórica do Café no Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul. [recurso eletrônico] Ed. PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, 302 pp. Disponível em: http://www.editora.vrc.puc-rio.br/media/geografia%20historica%20do%20cafe%20no%20vale%20do%20rio%20paraiba%20do%20sul.pdf
Liberdade e Coexistência: A Sociedade Pós-Emancipação nas Planícies Colombianas do Pacífico
Authors: Vital André Vasques
Published: May 2019

Book Review: Leal C 2018. Landscapes of freedom: building a postemancipation society in the rainforests of western Colombia. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 352 pp.
Are Drugs Always the Proper Solution to Therapeutic Dilemmas? Non-drug Approaches to the Post-traumatic Stress “Waking Corpse” Syndrome
Authors: Laios Konstantinos , Tsoucalas Gregory , Vrachatis Dimitrios A. , Charalampakis Antonis , Androutsos Gregory , Karamanou Marianna
Published: May 2019

Jules Cotard (1840-1889), a Parisian neurologist, described a syndrome of delirium negations which was later named after him. Some physicians in antiquity and medieval times, especially in Asia, have noticed this syndrome and categorized it as a symptom of melancholy. They have presented it as a "walking corpse syndrome", inflicting most probably veteran soldiers after suffering during ferocious battles, presenting the first cases of a post war traumatic stress disorder. Philotimus (3rd-2nd century BC) was the first to record it around 3rd century BC, and proposed a simple but pioneering treatment, by just putting a lead hat on the men's heads. Although various combined treatment strategies were proposed by modern psychiatry including pharmaceutical, electroconvulsive therapy, behavioural therapy and supportive psychotherapy, it seems that in antiquity a simple external intervention of supportive therapy was the main concept of confrontation, while drug administration was to be avoided.
Viewing the Emphasis on State-of-the-Art Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Applications in Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Kaliamurthi Satyavani , Demir-Korkmaz Ayse , Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Gokce-Polat Emine , Wei Yong-Kai , Almessiere Munirah A. , Baykal Abdulhadi , Gu Keren , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: May 2019

Cancer-related mortality is a leading cause of death among both men and women around the world.
Target-specific therapeutic drugs, early diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to reducing the mortality rate. One of
the recent trends in modern medicine is “Theranostics,” a combination of therapeutics and diagnosis. Extensive
interest in magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has
been increasing due to their biocompatibility, superparamagnetism, less-toxicity, enhanced programmed cell
death, and auto-phagocytosis on cancer cells. MNPs act as a multifunctional, noninvasive, ligand conjugated
nano-imaging vehicle in targeted drug delivery and diagnosis. In this review, we primarily discuss the significance
of the crystal structure, magnetic properties, and the most common method for synthesis of the smaller
sized MNPs and their limitations. Next, the recent applications of MNPs in cancer therapy and theranostics are
discussed, with certain preclinical and clinical experiments. The focus is on implementation and understanding of
the mechanism of action of MNPs in cancer therapy through passive and active targeting drug delivery (magnetic
drug targeting and targeting ligand conjugated MNPs). In addition, the theranostic application of MNPs with a
dual and multimodal imaging system for early diagnosis and treatment of various cancer types including breast,
cervical, glioblastoma, and lung cancer is reviewed. In the near future, the theranostic potential of MNPs with
multimodality imaging techniques may enhance the acuity of personalized medicine in the diagnosis and treatment
of individual patients.
Development and Validation of a Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Gemigliptin and Teneligliptin in Bulk and Dosage Forms by Using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chandra Amrish , Rathod Ramji , Ali Faraat , Prakash Anuj , Kumar Robin , Singh Gyanendra Nath
Published: May 2019

Background:

A simple and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry method was developed and validated to measure the concentrations of gemigliptin
(GEM) and teneligliptin (TEN) using pioglitazone (PIO) as an internal standard.

Methods:

Chromatographic separation of two gliptins was achieved on a C-18 (100 mm X 2.1
mm, 2.7 μm) column using a mobile phase consisting of formic acid in water (0.1 % v/ v): acetonitrile
in gradient elution. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was operated in positive mode (ionization).
Targeted MS-MS mode on a quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer was
used to quantify the drugs utilizing the mass transitions of 490.1 (m/z), 427.2 (m/z) and 357.1
(m/z) for GEM, TEN and PIO, respectively.

Results:

As per ICH Q2R1 guidelines, a detailed validation of the method was carried out and the
standard curves were found to be linear between the concentration ranges of 509.8-1529.4 ng mL-1
and 510.6-1531.7 ng mL-1 for GEM and TEN, respectively. Precision and accuracy results were
found to be within the acceptable limits. The mean recovery was found to be 98.8± 0.76 % (GEM)
and 98.6 ±0.98 % (TEN), respectively.

Conclusions:

The optimized validated UPLC-QTOF (MS-MS) method offered the advantage of
shorter analytical times and higher sensitivity and selectivity to the nanogram level.
Evolution Over Time of Volume Status and PD-Related Practice Patterns in an Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Cohort
Authors: Van Biesen Wim , Verger Christian , Heaf James , Vrtovsnik François , Britto Zita M. Leme , Do Jun-Young , Prieto-Velasco Mario , Martínez Juan Pérez , Crepaldi Carlo , De los Ríos Tatiana , Gauly Adelheid , Ihle Katharina , Ronco Claudio ,   for the IPOD-PD Study Group
Published: May 2019

Background and objectives

Volume overload is frequent in prevalent patients on kidney replacement therapies and is associated with outcome. This study was devised to follow-up volume status of an incident population on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to relate this to patient-relevant outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This prospective cohort study was implemented in 135 study centers from 28 countries. Incident participants on PD were enrolled just before the actual PD treatment was started. Volume status was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy before start of PD and thereafter in 3-month intervals, together with clinical and laboratory parameters, and PD prescription. The association of volume overload with time to death was tested using a competing risk Cox model.

Results

In this population of 1054 participants incident on PD, volume overload before start of PD amounted to 1.9±2.3 L, and decreased to 1.2±1.8 L during the first year. At all time points, men and participants with diabetes were at higher risk to be volume overloaded. Dropout from PD during 3 years of observation by transfer to hemodialysis or transplantation (23% and 22%) was more prevalent than death (13%). Relative volume overload >17.3% was independently associated with higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 2.33) compared with relative volume overload ≤17.3%. Different practice patterns were observed between regions with respect to proportion of patients on PD versus hemodialysis, selection of PD modality, and prescription of hypertonic solutions.

Conclusions

In this large cohort of incident participants on PD, with different treatment practices across centers and regions, we found substantial volume overload already at start of dialysis. Volume overload improved over time, and was associated with survival.
Plant Diversity Study on Kelekal Protected Forest in Debre Markos Town District, East Gojjam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Reta Haimanot , Demissew Sebsebe , Asfaw Zemede
Published: May 2019

This research was aimed to investigate floristic composition and structure of Kelekal protected forest established since 1999. For plant data collection, 33 different quadrnts having 400 m2 along seven different line transect were used. The structural data like Frequencies, Density, DBH, Hight, Relative dominance, Relative density and IVI values were calculated for each species and for the selectedwoody plants. The woody plant species having DBH?2.5 cm and height greater than 2.5 m were measured. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to classify different plant communities. Shannon winner diversity indices and Sorensen’s similarity indices were used to compare the identified plant communities. Endemic and economically important plants were identified from Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea books. This research resulted 103 different vascular plants. Eight (7.77%) plants are endemic and the “K” partitioning in the R program using hierarchical cluster analysis resulted three-plant community types. The general distribution pattern of these woody plants at different DBH and height classes showed an inverted Jshape pattern. Four different population patterns were investigated from the density of these species recorded at different DBH class. The result of the structural data provides pertinent information for future forest management techniques in Kelekal protected forest.
Breed and Nutrition Effects on Meat Quality and Retail Color after Lamb Pre-Slaughter Stress
Authors: Chauhan Surinder S. , Ponnampalam Eric N. , Dunshea Frank R. , Warner Robyn D.
Published: May 2019

The main objective of this research was to investigate the interactions between breed, nutrition and pre-slaughter stress, and the potential impacts on the meat quality and retail color/shelf life of lamb meat. Forty-eight Merino and second cross (Merino × Border Leicester) × Poll Dorset lambs were allocated to 2 dietary treatments: low energy diet (LE; 7.8 MJ ME/kg and 12% CP) vs. high energy (HE; 11.8 MJ ME/kg and 12% CP). Samples of longissimus lumborum (LL), and rectus femoris (RF) were taken 15 min post-slaughter for glycogen and lactate determination. pH and temperature of muscle samples were recorded at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 24 h post-mortem. Muscle LL samples from the same side were collected at 24 h post slaughter for tenderness, cooking loss and retail color assessment. For retail color stability, the selected portion of muscle LL was sliced to create a fresh surface, placed on a tray and over wrapped. Color measurements were made fresh (after a 30 min bloom at 4°C, d 1) and then on d 3 and 6 of display, using a Hunter lab spectrophotometer XE Plus. Second-cross lambs on HE had the highest muscle glycogen at slaughter for both LL and RF. For the RF, the pHu values were elevated in Merinos on both LE and HE diets and 2X on the LE diet. Only for 2X lamb was the HE diet sufficient to reduce the pHu. HE diet reduced blood lactate in 2X lambs and elevated in Merinos. Merinos produced tougher meat at 6 d post-slaughter, which was also reflected by higher cooking losses. Both breeds of lambs on the LE diet had longer color shelf-life (higher R630/580) than the lambs on the HE diets.
LA RESTRICCIÓN DE LA BALANZA DE PAGOS COMO UNA EXPLICACIÓN DE LAS DIFERENCIAS INTERNACIONALES DE LA TASA DE CRECIMIENTO
Authors: Thirlwall Anthony P.
Published: May 2019

El enfoque neoclásico de la cuestión de por qué las tasas de crecimiento entre países difieren, tipificado por los estudios meticulosos de Denison (1967), Denison y Chung (1976) y Maddison (1970 y 1972), se concentra en el lado de la oferta de la economía usando el concepto de la función de producción. Una vez se especifica la forma funcional, la tasa de crecimiento del producto se prorratea entre el crecimiento del capital, el del trabajo y el de la productividad total de los factores que se obtiene como un residuo. En este enfoque, las diferencias en las tasas de crecimiento se “explican” en términos de las diferencias en los crecimientos de las ofertas de factores y de la productividad. Aunque el enfoque es fructífero, interesante y matemáticamente preciso, no nos dice por qué los crecimientos de las ofertas de factores y de la productividad difieren entre los países. Algunos podrían decir que para responder a esta pregunta se requiere de un enfoque keynesiano que enfatice la demanda. Para los keynesianos, la demanda es la que “dirige” al sistema económico, y a la cual, dentro de ciertos límites, se adapta la oferta...
THE EFFECTS OF NAFTA ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Cuevas Ahumada Víctor M. , López Churata Roger Ivanodik Juan
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

This paper evaluates the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on the economic growth of Mexico, the United States and Canada by means of an augmented Solow growth model. Such a model is estimated with panel data through two econometric methods: 1) the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments, and 2) Feasible Generalized Least Squares. The two techniques are consistent in indicating that trade raises Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, controlling for physical capital stock per capita, human capital formation, total factor productivity, and the capital depreciation rate. However, the most important source of GDP per capita growth is human capital formation, which highlights the need to promote trade while investing more in long-term formal education, short-term training programs and the whole process of knowledge transferring.

 

LOS EFECTOS DEL TLCAN EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO

RESUMEN
Esta investigación evalúa los efectos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte en el crecimiento económico de México, Estados Unidos y Canadá mediante una versión ampliada del modelo de crecimiento de Solow. El modelo se estima con datos en panel mediante dos métodos: 1) el método generalizado de momentos de Arellano y Bond, el cual se aplica a un panel dinámico y 2) mínimos cuadrados generalizados factibles. Ambos indican que el comercio incrementa el producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita, controlando para el stock de capital físico y humano, la productividad total de los factores y la tasa de depreciación del capital. Sin embargo, la principal fuente de crecimiento económico es la formación de capital humano, por lo que se debe estimular el comercio internacional e invertir más en educación formal de largo plazo, programas de capacitación de corto plazo y todo el sistema de transferencia del conocimiento.
ECOWAS COMMON CURRENCY: HOW PREPARED ARE ITS MEMBERS?
Authors: Mati Sagiru , Civcir Irfan , Ozdeser Hüseyin
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

This study operationalizes the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) to investigate the preparedness of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) members to form a Monetary Union (MU). Inflation and output models are estimated, with the sample 1988:01 to 2017:12 for the former and 1967 to 2016 for the latter. Analyses of ECOWAS convergence criteria, impulse responses, variance decompositions and correlations of shocks of these two models, reveal that the shocks across the ECOWAS members are asymmetric. The conclusion is that ECOWAS members as a whole are not well-prepared and therefore a full-fledged pan-ECOWAS MU is not advisable. It is also found that members of the European Monetary Union (EMU) tend to be a better fit for OCA than the ECOWAS members. The study recommends various courses of action such as fostering coordination among Central Banks of ECOWAS members, and providing a fund to serve as an incentive for countries that may incur cost rather than benefit if the single currency is created.

 

LA MONEDA COMÚN DE LA ECOWAS: ¿CUÁN PREPARADOS ESTÁN SUS MIEMBROS?

RESUMEN
Utilizamos el Área Monetaria Óptima (AMO) para indagar cuán preparados están los miembros de la Comunidad Económica de Estados de África Occidental (ECOWAS, Economic Community of West African States) para formar una Unión Monetaria (UM). Estimamos modelos de inflación y producto con datos de 1988:01-2017 y 1967-2016 respectivamente. Los análisis de criterios de convergencia, impulso-respuesta, descomposición de varianza y correlación de choques de estos modelos revelan que los choques entre estos países son asimétricos. Concluimos que estos países no están bien preparados y, por tanto, una UM pan-ECOWAS no es aconsejable. Además, los integrantes de la Unión Monetaria Europea (UME) tienden a satisfacer mejor una AMO que los de ECOWAS. Nuestro análisis recomienda fortalecer la coordinación entre los bancos centrales de la ECOWAS y un fondo que incentive a los países que incurran en costos en lugar de beneficios si se crea la moneda única.
 
HUBUNGAN SISTEM PEMBAYARAN SATU KELUARGA (KOLEKTIF) TERHADAP PERPINDAHAN KELAS KEPESERTAAN DAN KEPATUHAN PEMBAYARAN IURAN BPJS DI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Agustina Zulfa Auliyati , Izza Nailul
Published: May 2019

Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan mengalami defisit anggaran sekitar Rp. 5.7 triliun pada tahun 2015, pada tahun 2016 mencapai Rp. 9,7 triliun dan pada akhir tahun 2017 defisit anggaran juga mencapai Rp. 9 triliun. Pemerintah berupaya untuk meminimalkan defisit anggaran yang terjadi pada BPJS dengan meningkatkan besaran iuran bulanan untuk peserta mandiri kelas satu dan dua. Selain itu, sistem pembayaran juga mengalami perubahan yaitu bersifat kolektif untuk seluruh anggota keluarga. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan analisis hubungan sistem pembayaran iuran satu keluarga (kolektif) terhadap perpindahan kelas kepesertaan dan kepatuhan peserta dalam membayaran iuran bulanan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional, dengan sampel penelitian adalah peserta BPJS mandiri di Kabupaten Malang yang terpilih secara acak. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan (67%), dengan pekerjaan terbanyak sebagai ibu rumah tangga (40%). Rentang umur terbanyak 35-44 tahun (27%) dengan pendidikan terakhir tamat SMA (41%). Pendapatan berada pada tingkat sedang dan pengeluaran rendah. Penerapan sistem pembayaran iuran kolektif berhubungan dengan  terjadinya perpindahan kelas kepesertaan (p=0,032) dan kepatuhan pembayaran iuran (p=0,007). Upaya edukasi dan sosialisasi kepada peserta BPJS mandiri perlu terus dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran peserta dalam kepatuhan membayar iuran. Memberdayakan kelompok-kelompok kegiatan masyarakat dalam rangka memampukan peserta BPJS mandiri memenuhi iuran bulanan.
Gambaran Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Balita di Indonesia
Authors: Nantabah Zainul Khaqiqi , A Zulfa Auliyati , Laksono Agung Dwi
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK

Anak balita merupakan periode masa yang disebut golden age. Akses pelayanan kesehatan untuk kelompok ini menjadi perhatian karena kesinambungan hidup pada kelompok tersebut menjadi salah satu tolok ukur pembangunan kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data Riskesdas 2013, yang disajikan secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis dilakukan pada variabel-variabel cakupan kunjungan balita ke pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan kesehatan dimaksud adalah Rumah Sakit, Puskesmas/Pustu, Praktik Dokter/Klinik, dan Polindes/Praktik Bidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balita yang tinggal di perkotaan dan pada kelompok kaya dan sangat kaya memiliki akses yang lebih baik di Rumah Sakit dan praktik dokter/klinik pada akses rawat jalan dan rawat inap. Sementara mereka yang tinggal di perdesaan dan pada kelompok miskin memiliki akses yang lebih baik ke Puskesmas/Pustu dan Polindes/praktik bidan baik di rawat jalan maupun rawat inap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa balita yang tinggal di perkotaan dan pada kelompok kaya memiliki akses yang lebih baik pada pelayanan kesehatan rujukan, sementara mereka yang tinggal di perdesaan dan pada kelompok miskin memiliki akses yang lebih baik di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dasar.

Kata kunci: akses, pelayanan kesehatan, balita

 

ABSTRACT

Toddler is a period of time called golden age. Access to health services for this group is a concern because the continuity of life in the group is one of the benchmarks for health development. This research is an advance analysis of the Riskesdas 2013, which is presented in quantitative descriptive manner. Analysis was carried out on the variables of coverage of toddler visits to health services. The intended health services are hospitals, health center/Pustu, doctor/clinic, and Polindes/midwife, both on outpatient visits and inpatients. The results showed that toddlers who lived in urban areas and in the rich and very rich groups had better access in hospitals and doctor/clinic practices on access to outpatient and inpatient care. While those who live in rural areas and the poor have better access to health center/Pustu and Polindes/ midwives both in outpatient and inpatient care. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that toddlers who live in urban areas and in rich groups have better access to referral health services, while those who live in rural areas and in poor groups have better access to basic health care facilities.

Keyword: access, health services, toddler
Gender dynamics on access to maternal care among nine ethnics in Indonesia
Authors: Siti Isfandari
Published: May 2019

This is a review of maternal mortality risk due to preference of non skilled health worker delivery assistance among 9 ethnics applying gender analysis. Data obtained from 9 ethnograpic studies reports conducted by Pusat Humaniora. Estimation of maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is between 305 (Supas) – 359 (Susenas) per 100.000 live birth. There is no single cause of maternal death. The greatest contributors 75% are due to direct cause namely bleeding, infection, hypertension, delivery complication and unsafe abortion. Government intervention prioritizes to prevent direct cause of maternal death through health service delivery improvement. Among them are midwives in village, PONEK, PONED. However MMR is still high. Social factors as Indirect causes such as poverty, distance, information, inadequate service and culture have not yet considered as important. In fact contribution of social factors cannot be neglected. This review explores gender dynamics of preferences on non skilled health worker delivery assistance from 9 ethnic in Sumatra, Jawa and NTT. The results showed each ethinc had different gender dynamics. Among which are gender relation in each culture. Some ethnic shows gender equity, while others believe woman have full responsibility of her pregnancy and delivery without assistance from others. Powerlessness of woman is indicated by preference of traditional birth attendant for delivery due to culture and comfort. Even the pregnant women herself did not aware that delivery is a life risk. However the studies showed there is no sharp inequity with strong preference to boy over girl. Accessibility, education, comfort perceived culture, and economy are important for delivery assisted by health providers.
Mewujudkan Desa ODF (Open Defecation Free) Melalui Kegiatan Inovatif Di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Sumedang dan Lombok Barat
Authors: Sugiharto Mugeni , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The ODF (open defecation free) village to realize a healthy environment in preventing diarrheal diseases.This study aims to.  Local government support is very important to accelerate the increase in the number of ODF village coverage. The purpose of this study is to find out the efforts of the regional government to realize the ODF village. This type of research is descriptive, using secondary data obtained and interviews. Research sites in Muaro Jambi, Sumedang and West Lombok Regencies, 2016.  ODF villages have progressed along with increasing government support and community participation in encouraging stop open defecation free (SODF). The coverage of SODF people in 2016 in Muaro Jambi Regency was 78.07%, in Sumedang Regency 79.53%, and in West Lombok Regency 85.16%. Innovations to accelerate the realization of ODF villages include regulations, giving prizes, cooperating with NGOs and local entrepreneurs to make sanitation shops and sanitation savings and credit cooperatives, and providing punishment for people who break the agreement to stop defecating.  The support of the local government by making innovative activities has accelerated the increase in the coverage of ODF villages in each district. Local government support and community participation are very important to realize the ODF village.

ABSTRAK

Program desa ODF (open defication free) untuk mewujudkan lingkungan sehat dalam mencegah penyakit diare.  Dukungan pemerintah daerah sangat penting untuk percepatan peningkatan jumlah cakupan desa ODF.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui upaya pemerintah daerah untuk menwujudkan desa ODF. Jenis penelitian diskriptif, menggunakan data sekunder diperoleh dan wawancara. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Sumedang dan Lombok Barat, tahun 2016. Terdapat kemajuan desa ODF seiring dengan meningkatnya dukungan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat menggalakkan stop buang air besar sembarangan (SBS). Cakupan masyarakat SBS tahun 2016 di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi 78,07%,  di Kabupaten Sumedang 79,53%, dan di Kabupaten Lombok Barat 85,16%. Inovasi untuk percepatan mewujudkan desa ODF diantaranya menerbitkan regulasi, pemberian hadiah, kerja sama dengan LSM dan pengusaha lokal membuat toko sanitasi dan koperasi simpan pinjam sanitasi, dan memberikan sangsi bagi masyarakat yang melanggar kesepakatan stop buang air besar. Adanya dukungan pemerintah daerah dengan membuat kegiatan inovatif , telah mempercepat peningkatan cakupan desa ODF disetiap kabupaten. Dukungan pemerintah daerah dan peran serta masyarakat sangat penting untuk mewujudkan desa ODF.
Aktivitas nokturnal Aedes (stegomyia) aegypti dan Aedes (stegomyia) albopictus di berbagai daerah di Kalimantan
Authors: Ridha Muhammad Rasyid , Fadilly Abdullah , Rosvita Nur Afrida
Published: May 2019

Dengue and chikungunya are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden. Knowledge of the activity of sucking blood at night (nocturnal) Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in some areas of Borneo need to be known. Natural population of Aedes was collected by human bait collection and resting collection from 18:00 to 06:00 out door and indoor. The biting activities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurred throughout the night from 18:00 to 05:50 out door and indoor in Dadahup and Mandomai, Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan (2015), Pulau Ku’u, Tabalong district, South Kalimantan (2011), Bangkal Ulu, Kutai Timur district, East Kalimantan (2012), and Antaraya and Karyajadi, Barito Kuala district, South Kalimantan (2016). These results showed that the biting activities of Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus did not only occur diurnally but also nocturnally.
Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan pola perilaku dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Katingan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Darmiah Darmiah , Baserani Baserani , Khair Abdul , Isnawati Isnawati , Suryatinah Yuniarti
Published: May 2019

Malaria disease is one of the environmental health problems, Health Office of Katingan District Kasongan District Health Center. Katingan Hilir is a malaria endemic area with an API value in 2010 of 5.6 ‰ and is a red zone in malaria stratafication. Malaria discovery rates from 2008 to 2010 always increase. The high rate of malaria morbidity is due to the lack of knowledge level and community behavior pattern.The aim of this research is to know the correlation between knowledge level and behavioral pattern about malaria with malaria incident in Kasongan sub-district of Katingan Hilir district of Katingan Regency. The type of research is analytic, research design using Fisher exact test. The number of respondents in this study was 58 respondents.Chi-square statistical test results with Continuity Correction obtained p-value 0.002 indicates that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge with the incidence of malaria and the results of statistical tests with Fisher exact test obtained p-value 0.002 that there is a relationship between behavioral patterns with malariaincidence.Efforts that can be done, among others, control the factors causing malaria such as the level of knowledge and behavior patterns as well as increasing the extension of public awareness.
INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN EN LAS BODEGAS FAMILIARES: UNA APLICACIÓN EMPÍRICA EN EL SECTOR DE LA RIOJA
Authors: Fernández Ortiz Rubén , Fuentes Lombardo Guadalupe , González Menorca María Leonor
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los motivos que llevan a las bodegas familiares de Rioja (España) a implantar un proceso de internacionalización. Del mismo modo, se estudian aquellos factores relacionados con la dotación de recursos intangibles de estas empresas que pueden ser la fuente de la ventaja competitiva de la compañía en el mercado de destino o, de otro lado, dificultar y limitar su estrategia internacional. El estudio empírico se ha realizado sobre un total de veinte empresas pertenecientes a la Asociación de Bodegas Familiares de Rioja. En concreto, se ha realizado entrevistas en profundidad a directivos familiares y no familiares de estas bodegas, relacionadas con los objetivos de investigación aquí planteados. Los resultados muestran que aquellas empresas con “un mayor carácter familiar” presentan un compromiso internacional menor medido a partir del porcentaje de ventas en el extranjero. Además, existen entre las compañías diferentes argumentos a la hora de justificar su internacionalización y la dotación de recursos intangibles para afrontar la también presenta determinadas diferencias
UN ABORDAJE TEÓRICO, JURÍDICO Y CONCEPTUAL DE LOS TÉRMINOS REORGANIZACIÓN Y REESTRUCTURACIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Bolaños Garita Rolando
Published: May 2019

Dentro del lenguaje técnico-jurídico y técnico- administrativo con que cuentan las instituciones públicas en Costa Rica, producto de criterios varios, votos constitucionales, dictámenes y rectoría político-administrativa, se denota cierta terminología que ha venido afincándose a lo largo del tiempo sin que se le haya brindado la fundamentación adecuada para que pueda ser de uso colectivo. Los términos Reorganización y Reestructuración, revisten cualidades no semejantes, sino únicamente de cercanía, por lo que resulta indispensable proveer una acepción revestida de racionalidad administrativa, pragmática, capaz de emplearse en estrategias apropiadas de modernización y adaptabilidad de las instituciones democráticas
DENOMINACIONES GEOGRÁFICAS PROTEGIDAS (DGP): OPORTUNIDAD COMERCIAL PARA EL PATRIMONIO CENTROAMERICANO
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ CHAVES ALONSO
Published: May 2019

El artículo se basa en referentes que destacan la importancia de las Denominaciones Geográficas Protegidas (DGP) como novedosos instrumentos comerciales a desarrollar en la región centroamericana. Por ello se invita al lector a conocer los elementos que limitan e igual favorecen la implementación de dicho sistema en la región. Principalmente, se considera en el estudio la abundante riqueza patrimonial y diversidad de productos que gozan de gran prestigio a nivel internacional y que en el transcurso del tiempo, han venido a representar símbolos de identidad regional.
ESTRUCTURAS ORGANIZATIVAS EN EMPRESAS DE INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN ACELERADA: EVIDENCIA EMPÍRICA
Authors: QUESADA CHAVES FEDERICO , PLA BARBER JOSÉ
Published: May 2019

Las pequeñas y medianas empresas internacionales pueden clasificarse en tradicionales, y empresas de internacionalización acelerada o born global. A pesar de que existe una variedad importante de investigaciones en el tema, ninguna ha establecido si existen diferencias entre la organización formal de una empresa de internacionalización acelerada y una empresa internacional tradicional. Mediante un estudio de casos a nivel comparativo, se establecen dos empresas internacionales tradicionales en la industria turística y de alimentos, y se analizan sus estructuras formales, con respecto a dos empresas en las mismas industrias con características de born global. Se determinan diferencias en los temas de socialización, centralización, flexibilidad, lateralidad y mecanismos de control.
EL LEASING PARA EQUIPO INFORMÁTICO EN EL ESTADO COSTARRICENSE: IMPLICACIONES Y EFECTOS TÉCNICO-ECONÓMICOS
Authors: BOLAÑOS GARITA ROLANDO
Published: May 2019

El fenómeno del Leasing en el Sector Público costarricense, a pesar de ser reconocido desde varias perspectivas administrativistas, hasta ahora empieza a ser promovido por las instancias gubernamentales como aparente mecanismo para contener el gasto público, aún y cuando no se ha llevado a cabo una valoración integral sobre sus implicaciones. Engarzado con lo anterior, el presente aporte investigativo sobre dicho fenómeno es de naturaleza descriptiva con tintes exploratorios, y se espera que resulte de utilidad para todos aquellos involucrados en las decisiones gubernativas, al igual que a investigadores y estudiosos de la fenomenología propia de la Administración Pública.