bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstetrics outcomes among women with incomplete antenatal care visits at Homa Bay Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Rollince Akong’o Odiwuor , Erick Masaba Ingosi , Olango Rajesh Olwe , Nyarinda Vivian Mogeni , Zablon Okolla
Published: December 2023

Background : Perinatal morbidity and mortality present significant challenges in Kenya, particularly in regions with high rates of such adverse outcomes, including Homa Bay County. Universal health coverage and antenatal care (ANC) services play pivotal roles in improving obstetric outcomes, yet ANC uptake remains low in these areas. This study aimed to investigate the impact of incomplete ANC visits on obstetric outcomes among pregnant women at Homa Bay Teaching and Referral Hospital (HBTRH).

Materials and Methods : From October 5 to November 13, 2020,  we conducted an observational prospective study in the hospital's maternity unit. A random sample of 168 pregnant women in labour was selected. We closely monitored their deliveries, recording data on delivery mode, gestational age, birth weight, birth outcomes, APGAR scores, Neonatal Care Unit (NBU) admissions, and congenital defects. Additionally, we reviewed each mother's ANC visitation history.

Results : There were positive correlations between the frequency of ANC visits and key obstetric indicators, including higher birth weight, longer gestational age, a greater likelihood of vaginal delivery, and improved APGAR scores. Furthermore, increased ANC visits were associated with a reduced incidence of congenital defects and NBU admissions. These findings align with existing research conducted in similar healthcare settings.

Conclusion : A statistically significant positive correlation was noted between ANC visits and Apgar scores. The findings thus suggest other influential determinants of the obstetric outcome at HBTRH exist hence future studies should focus on determining key influencers of obstetric outcomes in the facility.
Maternal socio-economic and neonatal medical characteristics associated with survival of preterm neonates in Torit State Hospital, South Sudan: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Doki Beatrice , Bayo Pontius , Jada Ronald
Published: December 2023

Introduction: One in 10 babies is born preterm globally. Preterm birth is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years old especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The socio-economic and clinical characteristics associated with survival of preterm babies admitted in Torit State Hospital are unknown. This study describes these characteristics to inform quality-of-care initiatives to improve preterm neonatal care.

Method: A retrospective study was conducted of the medical records of 67 preterm neonates admitted from 1st January to 31st December 2021. Neonatal outcome at discharge was recorded as alive, dead, or absconded while neonatal clinical and maternal socio-economic characteristics were recorded as independent variables. The data were analysed using SPSS Statistics software version 21. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and proportions were calculated. Differences in the proportions were tested using the chi-squared statistic. All significance levels were set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: Of the 67 preterm babies admitted, 47 (70.1%) were discharged alive with a significant increase in body weight, 18 (26.9%) died and the outcomes of two patients were not recorded. The ability to suckle at the time of admission (p=0.01) and having a mother educated to at least primary level (p=0.035) were significantly associated with higher preterm survival.

Conclusions: Premature mortality was common among preterm babies who were not able to suckle at the time of admission and lack of formal maternal education was associated with low survival rates. Educating girls to at least primary level can contribute significantly to preterm neonatal survival.
Przedziwna sztuka równowagi. Tren XVII Jana Kochanowskiego
Authors: Kaszowska-Wandor Barbara
Published: December 2023

Scales of a marvellous balancing. Jan Kochanowski’s Threnody XVII : The paper proposes at the new, detailed reading of Jan Kochanowski’s Threnody XVII. While it does not aim to thoroughly challenge the previous interpretations of the text, it focuses on the significant elements, which have been largely omitted in the existing studies. Despite the fact that researchers usually pointed the presence of Job motives in the poem, they were not analyzed in a systematic way as a concise set of textual allusions, hidden in the whole cycle of lamentations. The close reading of the poem reveals the central position of the image of weighting the reason on the scales, its source being the 6th chapter of The Book of Job.

In these following analyses, the image is interpreted as the fulcrum of the chiastic composition of Threnody XVII. Finally, the paper puts forth a working hypothesis that the identified set of Job motives associated with the chiastic composition could be related to the Hebrew concentric structure (inclusio), as examined by Roland Meynet. Arguably, the further, extensive research is needed to confirm such a tempting, yet still highly insecure assumption.
Czy pochodzenie od Jana Kochanowskiego było powodem do dumy? Genealogia eksponowana w drukach okolicznościowych poświęconych potomkom Poety (XVII-XVIII w.) Cz. 1. Potomkowie Zuzanny z Owadowskich Wołuckiej
Authors: Kozdrach Mariusz
Published: December 2023

Was being a Jan Kochanowski’s descentant a reason to be proud?
Genealogy present in works devoted to the poets’ descentants (17th-18th centuries)
Part. 1. Zuzanna Wołucka’s (nee Owadowska)’s descendants: This study explores the genealogical awareness of the Polish nobility and the role of outstanding individuals in creating collective memory. More specifically, it offers an analysis of genealogical references included in encomia devoted to Jan Kochanowski’s enatic descendants, in the context of their famous ancestor’s literary output and his fame. Coming from the line of Zuzanna Wołucka, nee Owadowska, Jan Kochanowski’s granddaughter, the descendants inherited parts of the poet’s real estate and buried their relatives next to his Zwolen mausoleum till the end of the 18th century.

The article is based on commemorative prints devoted to the poet’s descendants: Falces avitae ad lauream vernantis gloriae messem by Wojciech Zatoński (1696) written in honour of the Sieradz castellan’s wife Zofia Lipska nee Olszowska, Chwalebny zawód do kresu szczęśliwego by Krzysztof Wierzbicki (1699) in honour of the Sieradz chamberlain’s daughter Konstancja Zapolska, Niebo herbownego Księżyca by Samuel Wysocki (1732) lauding the Gostyn staroste’s daughter Zofia Lipska nee Granowska, as well as the anonymous Panegyricus probatissimo magistro belli in sago (1757) devoted to the Rawa palatine Kazimierz Granowski. None of these pieces includes any references to Jan Kochanowski, which can be explained by the social status of these newly promoted to state offices families with middle- to petty-nobility roots. The need to legitimize their position as the noble well-to-do class holding state posts required to show connections with sufficiently important ancestors who also held state offices, rather than by giving prominence to the genealogy and the past generations.
Cykl poetycki do Hyelli ze zbioru Lusus Andrea Navagera – wstęp, przekład, komentarz
Authors: Górka Elżbieta
Published: December 2023

A poetic cycle on Hyella from Andrea Navagero’s Lusus: introduction, translation, commentary : The paper presents the first Polish translation of a mini-series of six short poems about Hyella by Andrea Navagero (1483–1529). The selected works are part of Navagero’s famous Latin poetry collection entitled Lusus. The translation is supplemented by an introduction and commentary notes. The Latin text reproduced in the paper is based on the edition of Lusus by Claudio Griggio (2001).
The introduction presents the author’s biography and includes a brief description of the whole collection. Navagero was a diplomat, a poet and the official historian of the Republic of Venice. Collected by friends in Orationes duae carminaque nonnulla, his poems were edited posthumously in Venice in 1530. The most important part of Lusus are bucolic epigrams, a new form of Neo-Latin pastoral developed by Navagero. This minor lyric form called “pastoral play” (lusus pastoralis) gained recognition quickly and was widely imitated in 16th century. The collection also includes other literary genres – bucolic poems, elegies, and erotic poems. However, the most famous is the series of epigrams whose heroine or addressee is Hyella, a girl impossible to identify.
The introduction presents a discussion about the sources and the interpretation of the love poems about Hyella (poems 21, 22, 28, 31, 32 and 37). The most important literary tradition from which Navagero draws inspiration is the Greek and Latin ancient epigram. For poem 21, the source is the Anacreontea 19, while poem 22 uses the motifs of the lamp and the night as the guardians of lovers, both popular in The Greek Anthology. For two other pieces, the direct source is the poetry of Catullus: poem 31 uses Catullus’s carmen 5, while poem 32 combines motifs from Catullus’s carmina 82, 92 and 109. In addition, in poem 28 we find similarities with Ausonius’s epigram 9. Other important sources for Navagero were the poetry of Petrarch and the neo-Catullan poets, mostly Giovanni Pontano, Michele Marullo, and Cristoforo Landino.
Kto zjadł kalosz? Inspiracje Kornelem Makuszyńskim w Obietnicy poranka Romaina Gary’ego
Authors: Gorecka-Kalita Joanna
Published: December 2023

Who ate the Galosh? Inspiration from Kornel Makuszynski in Romain Gary’s The Promise at Dawn

In his autobiographical novel, Promise at Dawn, Romain Gary, in addition to numerous confabulations, also made several borrowings from various works of world literature; a considerable number of these have been identified by researchers. The article adds to this list the hitherto undiscovered plagiarism of Bezgrzeszne lata [Innocent Years] by Kornel Makuszyński, a writer whom Gary read in his youth. One of the most recognisable episodes of Promise at Dawn – the story of the author’s/narrator’s childhood love for Valentina, for whom he ate, among other things, a kilo of cherries with seeds or, finally, the eponymous galosh – bears a striking resemblance to the description of narrator’s love for Inka Leszczyńska in Innocent Years.

In addition to this connection, there are other, less obvious similarities between the two works, related to the authors’ creative paths, their first literary attempts or difficulties at school, and the subsequent experience regarding their first publications. There are also similarities between the authors themselves, both achieving ‘celebrity’ status through their writing successes, both equally averse (with reciprocity) to any avant-garde or political involvement, both adhering to humanist ideals in their writing and seeking to right wrongs and injustices, each in their own way.
Historia wiersza, historia w wierszu. Analiza i prawdopodobne losy utworu al-Ḥayquṭāna z traktaktu al-Ğāḥiẓa Kitāb faḫr as-Sūdān calā al-Biḍān
Authors: Ostafin Barbara
Published: December 2023

In al-Ğāḥiẓ’s treatise Kitāb Faḫr al-Sūdān calā al-Biḍān, the title of which in the already classic Polish study on Arabic literature was translated as The Superiority of Blacks over Whites, or Treatise on the Superiority of Blacks over Whites, the author of the work lists the characters of black inhabitants of the caliphate; among them he evokes al-Ḥayquṭān, whom he presents as a poet and a preacher of Abyssinian origin. He also quotes al-Ḥayquṭān’s poem, which is a paean to the courage and valor of the Abyssinians, referring to important events that took place in the Arabian Peninsula just before the birth of the Prophet Muḥammad.

In modern times, al-Ḥayquṭān’s poem is used in popular publications and online forums as a historical example of a reaction to racism and a reason to be proud of the bravery of the poem’s dark-skinned characters, as well as the example of literary achievement of the inhabitants of the caliphate of African descent.

The purpose of this article is to refer to the historical events mentioned in the work of the black poet, present him in the context of the few surviving Arabic sources, explore the potential circumstances of the creation of the work and reflect on the actual circumstances of its creation as described by al-Ğāḥiẓ.
Transformacja i literackie techniki siebie. O książce Michała Kozy Asceza, inność, nomadyzm. O dyskursach etycznych literatury polskiej po 1989 roku
Authors: Bednarek Joanna
Published: December 2023

Artykuł jest recenzją książki Michała Kozy Asceza, inność, nomadyzm. O dyskursach etycznych literatury polskiej po 1989 roku, dotyczącej etyczno-politycznego wymiaru polskiej prozy tego okresu.

Transformation and Literary Techniques of the Self. On Michał Koza’s book Asceza, inność, nomadyzm. O dyskursach etycznych literatury polskiej po 1989 roku

The article is a review of Michał Koza’s book Asceza, inność, nomadyzm. O dyskursach etycznych literatury polskiej po 1989 roku [Asceticism, alterity, nomadism. On the ethical discourses of Polish literature after 1989], concerning the ethical and political dimension of the prose of this period.
Iterative Approach to the Area Collapse Algorithm for 2D Geometric Objects Representing Long Engineering Structures
Authors: Buczek Michał M.
Published: December 2023

Nowadays the amount of gathered raw data emphasizes the importance of further data processing done by skilled engineers aided by computer algorithms. Researchers develop new algorithms for the automated determination of geometrical features, such as symmetry and main axes, skeleton lines, etc. This paper presented a new algorithm to compute an unbranched axis. It was based on the Curve of Minimal Radii (CMR) algorithm, and it overcomes its significant limitations depending on the shape of the input data. To define the accuracy of the results the threshold parameter was introduced. The described approach is more comprehensive than CMR in terms of the object shape. The tests were conducted on several planar objects, and the results were compared with the original CMR axes and Medial Axis.
The Activity of “Błyskawica” Partisans on the Polish–Slovak Borderland: Of Spisz and Orawa in the Years 1945–1947
Authors: Łoziński Łukasz
Published: December 2023

After the Second World War the Polish-Slovak borderland became a zone of serious tensions. Particularly controversial is the activity of the Polish partisan group “Błyskawica”, led by Józef Kuraś “Ogień”. The soldiers are responsible for takings of private property and acts of violence carried out in villages in South Poland that were inhabited mostly by Slovaks. This paper – based mainly on the query at the Archives of the Polish Institute of National Remembrance – aims to present the scale and circumstances of those activities. The work takes wider historical context into account and uses selected anthropological and sociological theories. In this perspective, it seems justified to explain the analyzed events through the mechanism of revenge, widespread in the post-war period of anomie and crisis. Sources indicate that the Polish partisans’ actions from the years 1946–1947 were not attempts to pacify the Slovak separatists (although some authors claim so) but rather repressions for the earlier actions of members of that nation.
Erzincan ve çevresinde yayılış gösteren Astragalus L. türlerinin genetik çeşitliliğinin ISSR yöntemi ile belirlenmesi
Authors: DAĞ Engin , YILDIRIM Nalan , KORKMAZ Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada, 2021 yılının vejetasyon döneminde Erzincan’daki 42 farklı lokaliteden Astragalus L. cinsine ait bitki örnekleri toplanmıştır. Yapılan bitki tayini çalışmaları sonucunda 12 takson (A. pennatulus, A. compactus, A. aduncus, A. xylobasis, A. angustifolius subsp. angustifolius, A. karamasicus,A. kurdicus, A. cancellatus, A. eriocephalus subsp. eriocephalus, A. lycius, A. microcephalus, A. lagurus) belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 3’ü (Astragalus pennatulus, Astragalus karamasicus, Astragalus lycius) endemiktir. Belirlenen türler arasındaki genetik ilişkiler ISSR moleküler markırları ile araştırılmıştır. ISSR (kısa dizi tekrarları arası) yönteminde 16 primer (UBC868, UBC817, UBC807, UBC812, UBC816, UBC825, UBC824, UBC830, UBC836, UBC840, UBC848, UBC855, UBS856, UBC841, UBC842, UBC61) kullanılmıştır. PCR sonuçlarına gore, çalışılan primerler 100-2000 bç uzunluğunda bantlar vermiştir. ISSR primerlerine göre polimorfizm % 90.8 hesaplanmıştır. ISSR verileri ile UPGMA yöntemi kullanılarak dendrogramlar oluşturulmuştur. En yüksek genetik benzerlik A. kurdicus ile A. angustifolius supsp angustifolius taksonları arasında gözlenirken, en düşük genetik benzerlik A. angustifolius subsp angustifolius ile A. pennatulus taksonları arasında gözlenmiştir. Çalışılan bu markerlar Astragalus türleri arasındaki genetik benzerliği karakterize etmede uygun markırlar olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Aphrodes diminuta Ribaut, 1952 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae): a new record for Turkish leafhoppers
Authors: TANYERİ Rukiye , ZEYBEKOĞLU Ünal , DEMİR ÖZDEN Emine
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In this study, specimens which belong to genus Aphrodes Curtis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae), collected from Kastamonu provinces between 2016-2018 have been examined. Materials were collected by a sweeping net and a hand aspirator on the plants during daytime. Two species were found distributed in this area; Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank, 1776), Aphrodes diminuta Ribaut, 1952. A. diminuta is a new record for the Cicadellidae fauna of Türkiye. The distribution of the species both in Türkiye and the world, the photograps of aedeagus and the coordinates of the specimen’s were given. In order to show the differences in aedeagus, photographs and measurements of the Aphrodes makarovi have also been added.
Algunas reflexiones sobre la dignidad y la reparación del daño en la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Ratti Mendaña Florencia
Published: December 2023

El modelo de reparaciones instaurado a comienzos del milenio por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos realiza un uso argumentativo del término dignidad. En estas notas se ofrece un breve examen de ese uso, tanto desde la perspectiva normativa como desde una dimensión semántica. Se evidencia que la invocación de la dignidad en la reparación del daño inmaterial no tiene anclaje en el texto convencional, que constituye un estándar en la fundamentación de la sentencia –que luego se transforma en regla en su parte resolutiva–, y que conlleva algunas imprecisiones terminológicas sobre las que es preciso advertir.
La postura de la Corte Suprema sobre el llamado ‘derecho al olvido’ en el caso Denegri: su carácter de herramienta para protección de ciertos derechos y la poca influencia que tiene el paso del tiempo sobre la licitud de la publicación
Authors: Melchiori Franco A.
Published: December 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar algunos aspectos de la postura de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación sobre el llamado “derecho al olvido” a la luz de su sentencia en el caso Denegri. Por un lado, se aborda el tratamiento que la Corte hace del llamado “derecho al olvido” y se concluye que no lo trata propiamente como un derecho autónomo con un contenido esencial propio, sino meramente como una posible medida o herramienta para la protección de ciertos derechos personalísimos. Por otro lado, se aborda el valor que le da la Corte al paso del tiempo en relación con dos asuntos. Primero, si el paso del tiempo influye en la calificación del valor de la información y torna innecesaria una publicación que otrora lo fue. Segundo, si el paso del tiempo puede o no privar de valor a un consentimiento válidamente prestado para una publicación.
Entre la “guerra revolucionaria” y el anticomunismo. La Armada argentina y pensamiento en torno a la amenaza a la seguridad interna en los años sesenta
Authors: Pontoriero Esteban Damián
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo se propone contribuir a la historia de las Fuerzas Armadas (FF. AA.), a partir del caso de la Marina, en lo referido a la represión en clave antisubversiva durante la década del sesenta. Se propone explorar el impacto de la contrainsurgencia, es decir, la teoría y la práctica para la “guerra interna” en el pensamiento militar, especialmente en lo que concierne a la definión de un “enemigo interno”. Gracias al uso de fuentes primarias relativas a las FF. AA. y artículos de revistas militares, junto a otros materiales, primero, se analiza la recepción de las ideas contrainsurgentes francesas y estadounidenses, y su irradiación en las FF. AA. y los gobiernos civiles y militares. Luego, se estudia la forma en que algunos miembros de la Marina incorporan una preocupación en sentido anticomunista. Por último, se indaga sobre el “enemigo interno” desde el concepto de “guerra revolucionaria”.
Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino-Based Smart Glasses for Visually Assisting the Blind
Authors: Bolimera Ravi , K. Vittapu Sravan , Sankuru Ravichand , Nandhini Reddy Shamakuri , Sravya Marella , Srinath Singirala
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a cutting-edge solution to address the challenges faced by the visually impaired in navigation. The proposed ultrasonic glasses employ ultrasonic sensor technology to detect obstacles in the user's path. Through a compact and user-friendly design, the system provides real-time auditory feedback to enhance the user's awareness of their surroundings. The study includes the design and development of the ultrasonic glasses, rigorous testing to validate their efficacy, and user feedback analysis. Preliminary results suggest that this wearable technology is more promising in terms of individual independence with visual impairments and high mobility, offering a promising avenue for future assistive devices. The proposed device consists of a power supply, a processing unit, a glasses pair, a centre fixed obstacle detection module and a beeping device that acts as an output. The power for the CPU is provided by the power supply. To the CPU, the output device and the obstacle detection module are connected. In general, an ultrasonic sensor acts as an obstacle detection module, a control module is used as a processing unit and the buzzer acts as an output device. The control signals are sent by the control unit to the ultrasonic sensors to get and process the information about the obstacle and alert the person by sending this information to the buzzer which is an output device. The proposed smart glasses are economical, portable and rigid, consumer-friendly and lightweight.
Fuzzy Power Converter for Rainfall Detection System
Authors: Vanarse Paras , Awati J. S. , Kumbhar M. S.
Published: December 2023

The efficient utilization of energy resources is of paramount importance in modern society, and the demand for intelligent systems to optimize power consumption is steadily increasing. This paper presents a novel approach to address this need by introducing a Fuzzy Power Converter (FPC) for a Rainfall Detection System (RDS). The FPC is designed to enhance the performance of the RDS by adapting the power supply based on the prevailing weather conditions, thereby ensuring energy efficiency. This work outlines the development and implementation of the FPC, demonstrating its capability to significantly reduce power consumption in RDS applications. The FPC employs fuzzy logic control to intelligently modulate the power supply to the RDS, thereby improving energy efficiency and prolonging the system's lifespan. Experimental results in MATLAB showcase the effectiveness of the proposed FPC, indicating substantial energy savings and reduced environmental impact.
Trends in the incidence of certain socially significant diseases in the adults and children population of the Saratov region
Authors: Dolgova E. M. , Ponomarev A. D. , Shigaev N. N. , Ivlieva E. S. , Mirieva I. D.
Published: December 2023

Socially significant diseases are in the focus of world health care, because they affect a significant proportion of the able-bodied population and are the main causes of disability and death. The aim of the study was to carry out statistical analysis of the dynamics of morbidity of some socially significant diseases of the population of the Saratov region and comparative analysis of these data with similar indicators in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The statistical data published on the official site of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Russian Research Institute of Health of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the period from 2011 to 2021 were used. We built variation series and assessed the reliability of differences in relative indicators using Student’s t-criterion (p < 0.05 and t > 2). Results. Negative trends in the dynamics of primary and general morbidity of diseases characterized by high blood pressure, type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, and malignant neoplasms were recorded both in the region and in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The obtained data regulate the necessity to conduct an in-depth study of the availability and quality of medical care for patients with socially significant diseases, as well as to develop measures to improve the provision of medical care for them.
Attitudes, patterns and awareness on the use of self-medication and non-doctor prescription methods among undergraduate medical, nursing and physiotherapy students of a tertiary care setting in south Gujarat
Authors: Singh Sahil , Balusamy Divakar , Sinha Anita , Verma Mamtarani , Jain Dhairya
Published: December 2023

Background: According to WHO Self-medication can be defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. Aim & Objective: To assess and improve the level of awareness regarding self-medication non-prescription medicines and over the counter drugs, to assess the prevalence and determinants of self-medication practices among undergraduate students. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study design was used to carry out a study at tertiary care centre. Methods and Material: Sociodemographic characteristics, self-medication knowledge and general questions on self-medication were asked from study participants. Statistical analysis used:  SPSS software version 26. Self-medication knowledge was scored and categorized as excellent/good and poor knowledge. Comparison of knowledge scores among medical, nursing and physiotherapy students was done using ANOVA test. Results: The prevalence of OTC drug usage was found out to be 304(79.4%). Highest prevalence was noted amongst medical students i.e., 186(83.4%) followed by nursing and physiotherapy students which were similar at 55(73.3%) and 63(74.4%) respectively. Mean knowledge scores of MBBS, nursing and physiotherapy students showed significant results with F-statistic value of 21.63 (p=0.00). Conclusions: Self-medication happens to be a common practice among medical and paramedical students.
Prevalence of Depression and its determinants among undergraduate Medical college students in Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramu Suruthi , Dhanasekar G , Babu Gautam , Kumar Mohan , Shanmugam Jeevithan
Published: December 2023

Background: Stress is an essential determinant of depression, leading to a greater prevalence of depression among medical students than the general population; a vulnerable subgroup. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among undergraduate medical students. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among medical college students in Salem, Tamil Nadu between October 2021, and December 2022. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. Results: The prevalence of depression among undergraduate medial students was 27.0%; 10.2% had mild depression, 5.4% had borderline clinical depression, 8.5% had moderate depression, 2.4% had severe depression, and 0.5% had extreme depression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of separated or divorced or single parent, being in Phase II, without satisfactory academic performance, presence of active or chief complaints, conflicts in the family, and recent failures were independent predictors of depression among undergraduate medical students (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is crucial that medical schools prioritize the mental health of their students and provide appropriate resources and support.
Factors influencing the choice of caesarean delivery and their satisfaction among pregnant women attending maternity hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Khan Imran Ahmed , Tiwari Harish Chandra , Malik Najma
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The birth of a baby through the vaginal route is a traditional way of delivery. But, at times normal vaginal delivery is not desirable due to various reasons. Under such circumstances, Lower section caesarean section (LSCS) is carried out to deliver the baby safely. There are rising concerns about the increasing rate of caesarean sections with wide variations in rates across the globe. Factors that influence the decision to perform a LSCS are often complex and multifactorial. Understanding these complexities is one of many steps to help stop the rise of any unnecessary LSCSs or prevent their over-use. Aim: To find out factors influencing the choice of caesarean delivery among recently delivered mothers through caesarean section and within puerperium. Method: A cross-sectional survey using pretested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was done between December 2022 to February 2023 among patients recently delivered through caesarean section and within puerperium. Result: A total of 250 participants were approached over a three-month period. Among them, 211 completed the survey. The majority of participants were in the age group 25 to 30 years, Hindu by religion, and residents of rural areas. Sixty-four participants perceived that LSCS was done for the safety of the baby. Educational status (p<0.001), place of previous delivery (p<0.001), and count of current LSCS (p=0.016) were the factors associated with caesarean delivery satisfaction and it was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: About one-third of the participants perceived that LSCS was done for the safety of the baby. The majority of participants were satisfied with the decision of LSCS.
Occupational stress among community health workers in a rural field practice area of Belagavi
Authors: R Sriram T , Kulkarni Rajesh , Bellad Asha , Wali Abhinandan
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Community health workers (CHW) are the first level of contact between the health system and the community. This study aimed to find out the level and areas of occupational stress among CHWs so that they can be addressed accordingly. Methods: This study was carried out among 105 CHWs in a rural field practice area of Belagavi. A pre-tested, structured, standard questionnaire was provided to them. After obtaining informed consent, they were asked to fill in the questionnaire. The collected data was entered and analysed through SPSS Version 26. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41.91 years. Majority were Hindu (79.1%). Most of the participants had completed high school (51.4%). 25.7% of the participants belonged to socioeconomic class IV, 34.3% said that theirs is the only income in the family, and 22.9% said that salary is the motivation for them to continue working. Among the participants, 16.19% had low stress, 80.95% moderate stress, and 2.85% high stress. The major area of stress was role overload (18.3%). Conclusion: CHWs are vital for the efficient functioning of primary health services at community level and their role in healthcare and the delivery of various national health programmes is indispensable, so their health and proper work environment should be ensured and safeguarded.
Community Alcoholic - A Ticking Bomb
Authors: Srivastava Kajal , Ghoge Swati , Sahu Ajaykumar , Rathod Hetal
Published: December 2023

Definition of Alcohol is ethanol specially when considered intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquor, a drink having ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and water that is usually 95% ethanol (1). Alcohol is having varying impact on health of people. Short-term effects include motor vehicle accidents, violence, injuries, and risky sexual behavior while long-term effects include carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, gastric ulcer, pancreatitis etc (2). Alcohol consumption is a major Public health Challenge. In India 18.8% males and 1.3% females above age of 15 years were consuming alcohol according to NFHS-5 Survey (3).
 In India different states are having different age limits for alcohol purchase and consumption. Although legal age for alcohol consumption in India varies from 18-25 years of age.  States like Gujarat, Bihar, Nagaland and union territory of Lakshadweep and Manipur has complete ban on sale & purchase of same (4). Although some rules and regulations are there but still many people who are below this age limit they consume it.  Alcohol is also one of the habit-forming substances so when control is not there people land up in chronic alcoholism.  Reasons for increase in consumption of alcohol  is rapid industrialization, nuclear family, staying away from warm family environment, peer pressure, pressure of job and performing well in life, i.e. target setting is there, increase social gatherings and  alcohol consumption is considered as symbol of modernization.
Perancangan Sistem Manajemen Informasi Surat Menyurat Berbasis Web pada Kantor BDK Medan
Authors: Hafiz Hasbanur , Nababan Afif
Published: December 2023

Proses pengarsipan surat masuk hanya sekedar menyimpan berkas surat di buku besar sehingga menyulitkan pencarian surat apabila berkas hilang atau diperlukan kembali. Surat-surat yang masuk masih disimpan dalam buku besar yang disusun secara kronologis. Oleh karena itu perlu dibuat suatu sistem yang menangani pengolahan data persuratan, mulai dari pencatatan dan pengarsipan surat masuk, pembuatan surat keluar, serta pelaporan surat masuk dan keluar berbasis web. Permasalahan tersebut di atas dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan sistem informasi manajemen persuratan online. Program ini diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan kinerja pengelolaan surat menyurat BDK. Agensi dapat melacak evolusi korespondensi dengan lebih mudah dan tepat dengan bantuan solusi berbasis web ini. Diharapkan dengan dibuatnya aplikasi ini, pelaku usaha akan lebih mudah mengumpulkan data surat menyurat, antara lain nama pengirim, waktu diterimanya surat, dan tujuan akhirnya.
MAPA BRASIL AFROTECH
Authors: Marques da Silva Odair , Vilhete Viegas D'Abreu João
Published: December 2023

O Mapa Brasil Afrotech se perfaz desenvolvido a partir da proposição de visibilidade de docentes, pesquisadores e seus respectivos projetos de pesquisa. Os métodos deste trabalho se embasam em aplicações que utilizem softwares relacionados às mídias digitais. A premissa básica decorre da ausência de informações relacionadas à divulgação dos projetos acadêmicos e de pesquisa, neste caso, no campo acadêmico da afrodescendência. As resultantes demonstram a participação e/ou à coordenação de cientistas, docentes e pesquisadores afrodescendentes em instituições universitárias de inovação ou desenvolvimento tecnológico em organizações brasileiras.
Aspectos epidemiológicos da hanseníase no estado de Sao Paulo, em 1974
Authors: BELDA W.
Published: December 2023

Em 1974, no Estado de São Paulo foram descobertos e matriculados, nas unidades sanitárias, 1.907 pacientes de hanseníase. Estes doentes são analisados segundo a distribuição regional, procedência, naturalidade, filiação, meios de descoberta de casos, sexo, idade e condições sócio-econômicas.
I - Eletro e imunoeletroforese das proteínas séricas. Tentativa de associação com a reação de rubino
Authors: SILVA O. P. , FERRI R. G. , MORAES N. , MARQUES A. L. V.
Published: December 2023

Foi feita uma tentativa para determinar se pacientes de hanseníase, com reação de Rubino positiva, exibem características imunológicas que possam diferenciá-los daqueles com reação negativa. Observou-se, pela eletroforese, que os pacientes Rubino negativos (virchovianos e tuberculóides) apresentavam níveis de alfa2 globulina maiores que os pacientes Rubino positivos (virchovianos) e os indivíduos normais. Os níveis de beta globulina estavam diminuídos nos Rubino positivos e aumentados nos virchovianos Rubino negativos. Pela imunoeletroforese houve resultados semelhantes para os dois grupos virchovianos : aumento constante de IgG e IgM e eventual de IgA.
Les névrites microangiopathiques dans la lèpre
Authors: CARAYON A.
Published: December 2023

Besides the typical hansenic neuritis characterized by a hypertrophic nerve associated with the already well known wide range of neural impairment, there are also microangiopathic lesions. Microangiopathic neuritis have been described by the author together with Camain and Maydat, in borderline and reactional (E.N.L.) cases (1966-1969). From the author's observations in the years 1970-1976, primary and secondary, acute and slow varieties of microangiopathic neuritis could be identified and systematized, both in borderline and E.N.L. cases. The clinical, immunological, pathological and therapeutical aspects of these microangiopathic neuritis are presented.
Taxa de monócitos e de linfócitos e reação de Mitsuda em indivíduos sadios não comunicantes de hansenianos
Authors: VOZZA J. A. , BEIGUELMAN B. , CÉSAR P. C.
Published: December 2023

A freqüência de monócitos, linfócitos e soma de monócitos e linfócitos foi investigada em duas amostras de soldados brasileiros sadios, que foram inoculados intradermicamente com 0,1 ml de lepromina padrão. As idades dos soldados variaram entre 18 e 20 anos e nenhum deles era comunicante de hanseniano. Uma das amostras era composta de 87 indivíduos (40 Mitsuda negativos, 33 Mitsuda moderadamente positivos e 14 Mitsuda fortemente positivos) e a outra era constituída por 96 pessoas (57 Mitsuda negativos, 28 Mitsuda moderadamente positivos e 11 Mitsuda fortemente positivos). Nas duas amostras, a média da freqüência de monócitos apresentada pelos indivíduos Mitsuda fortemente positivos foi numericamente, embora não significativamente, maior que as apresentadas pelos indivíduos Mitsuda negativos e moderadamente positivos. Essa tendência não foi constatada em relação às freqüências médias dos linfócitos e soma de monócitos e linfócitos, as quais não diferiram significativamente nos grupos de indivíduos das três classes de reação de Mitsuda.
Inquérito sobre deformidade em um hospital para doentes de hanseníase
Authors: BELDA W. , PARETA J. M. MARLET , MARGARIDO L. C. , SARTORI S. G. , DEFONSO O.
Published: December 2023

A hanseníase tem sido conceituada como moléstia incapacitante. Para alguns aqui estariam as raízes do temor despertados pela doença. Os autores discordam de tais conceitos e propugnam pela separação de deformidade passível de ser causada pela moléstia, da incapacidade para o trabalho. Em 727 pacientes internados e asilados em Hospital de Dermatologia Sanitária ("Santo Angelo", São Paulo, Brasil) foram pesquisadas 62  alterações físicas, denominadas no texto de deformidades, e primária ou secundariamente ligadas à hanseníase. Os resultados encontrados permitem afirmar que a limitação ou incapacitação ao trabalho estão fundamentalmente ligadas às deformidades secundárias. Estas, no consenso geral, são perfeitamente evitáveis. Os achados foram relacionados com o descobrimento tardio da doença e a existência de um programa de atenções básicas, elementares, de prevenção de deformidades, associado ao diagnóstico e tratamento.
Associação de hanseníase e periarterite nodosa
Authors: TOLENTINO M. , PERNAMBUCO J. C. A.
Published: December 2023

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"N-factor/Anergic Margin" of resistance / susceptibility to hanseniasis. II. The general acceptance of the theory
Authors: ROTBERG Abrahão
Published: December 2023

In this second article of a series about the pathogenetical theory "N-factor/Anergic Margin" of hanseniasis, the first sympathethic editorial reactions (1938-1940) and the general acceptance of the theory (1943-1977) are reviewed. Acceptance under modified terminology ("potential immunity", `inherited ability to destroy bacteria or form granuloma", etc. — for the N-factor"; "defect of cell-mediated immunity", "constitutional inaptitude to react", etc., for the "Anergic Margin"), will be reviewed in the third article of the series, together with the author's rebuttals to criticisms.
The efficacy and tolerability of rifampicin in Burmese patients with lepromatous leprosy
Authors: SHWE TIN , LWIN KYAW , THWE KYO
Published: December 2023

Seventy-one Burmese adult patients with lepromatous leprosy were treated with various regimens of rifampicin monotherapy, 450 mg. daily for 60 days or 900 mg. once weekly for 12 weeks or 450 mg. daily for six months. Of the patients, 18 had relapsed after stopping DDS therapy, 20 were intolerant of DDS, 18 were DDS resistant and 15 had received no previous treatment. Rifampicin produced a 75% reduction in the size of skin nodules in two thirds of the patients and a complete disappearance of nodules in the others. After one month drug treatment the MI fell to zero but the BI remained unchanged. The once weekly regimen was as effective as the daily treatment. Four patients had to be withdrawn due to ENL reactions.
Aspectos epidemiológicos da hanseníase na região do Vale do Paraíba — São Paulo
Authors: NOBREGA RUBENS CUNHA , MASCANI MIGUEL
Published: December 2023

Os autores apresentam o levantamento de todos os doentes de hanseníase registrados na Divisão Regional de Saúde do Vale do Paraíba, de 1929 (inicio) até dezembro de 1976. A Divisão Regional do Vale do Paraíba corresponde a 3.a Região Administrativa do Estado de São Paulo, tem área de 14.291 km2, uma população estimada em 1.000.000 de habitantes e apresenta alta prevalência de hanseníase: 2 doentes por mil habitantes. Os autores apresentam também a situação desses doentes em dezembro de 1976, distribuindo-os dentro dos Distritos Sanitários e seus municípios. Por último, é apresentado um estudo detalhado do Distrito de Taubaté, decênio de 1967-1976, destacando o significativo encontro de doentes I no reexame decomunicastes.
Situação da hanseníase no Estado de São Paulo em 1978
Authors: BELDA Walter , LOMBARDI Clovis
Published: December 2023

Os autores descrevem a situação da endemia da hanseníase no Estado de São Paulo no ano de 1978, através da apresenta cão dos coeficientes de prevalência e de incidência nas diversas Divisões Regionais de Saúde do Estado. É tentada ainda uma avaliação da situação de implantação de um programa integrado de controle da hanseníase, iniciado em 1976, através da observação da participação das Unidades Sanitárias da rede estadual nas atividades de vigilância epidemiológica deste programa.
Incapacidade em hanseníase: um estudo da realidade em nosso meio
Authors: GONÇALVES Aguinaldo
Published: December 2023

Frente à importância da reabilitação dentro do conjunto de medidas de controle e prevenção da hanseníase, são apresentados os resultados da investigação de incapacidades em uma população de doentes de nosso meio. A discussão dos mesmos e o  levantamento dos recursos potencialmente existentes para o problema leva a considerações básicas sobre programas para reabilitação deste grupo de doentes.
Surto de pseudo-exarcebação em paciente dimorfo com vasculites granulomatosas específicas disseminadas
Authors: FLEUR R.N. , ZORSETO V. , TONELLO C.S. , PERNAMBUCO J.C.A.
Published: December 2023

Um paciente idoso de cor negra com diagnóstico de hanseniase virchowiana e tuberculose ganglionar, após apresentar surtos de eritema nodoso no primeiro ano de tratamento é internado com surto reacional caracterizado por difusa infiltração eritematosa cutânea, edema intenso de mãos e pés e lesões necróticas, tipo vasculite, nos membros inferiores que evoluem para ulcerações e extensas necroses dos segmentos anteriores dos pis. Falece em choque. Os achados de autopsia permitem demonstrar reação granulomatosa tuberculóide, disseminada nas localizações cutâneo-neurais, mucosas e viscerais normalmente envolvidas na hanseniase virchowiana, chamando atenção o comprometimento quase generalizado dos vasos nestas localizações por reação granulomatosa em todos os níveis da parede vascular. Nas extremidades ha nítida correlação entre estas vasculites que envolvem veias e artérias de pequeno calibre e as necroses cutâneas. A interpretação para estes achados é de que este paciente apresentou na vigência do tratamento um surto reacional do tipo pseudo-exacerbação ou "reversal reaction" que caprichosamente envolveu pequenos vasos. A etiologia hansênica destas vasculites foi confirmada pelos seguintes fatos: 1. As vasculites manifestaram-se apenas nas localizações habitualmente envolvidas pela hansenfase. 2. Havia, concomitantemente, comprometimento dos filetes nervosos adjacentes por granulomas com as mesmas características. 3. Foram encontrados bacilos em granulomas de parede vascular, em segmentos vasculares não comprometidos e em vasos não envolvidos pela reação granulomatosa. Ë levantada a hipótese de que o quadro de tuberculose ganglionar possa ter alterado o estado imuno-alérgico e propiciado uma reação granulomatosa com características fortemente tuberculóides e com grande capacidade lesiva sobre vasos e nervos.
Involución baciloscópica en dimorfos virchowianos tratados con sulfonas — comparación con pacientes virchowianos tratados con iguales dosis
Authors: Jonquiéres Enrique D. L. , Sanchez Caballero Héctor
Published: December 2023

Los autores comparan la involución baciloscópica comparativa en 37 pacientes dimorfos virchowianos y en 47 virchowianos de polaridad definida, tratados con 200 mg diarios de DDS durante plazos de hasta 20 anos. A los 5 anos de tratamiento los dimorfos virchowianos habían negativizado el mucus nasal en el 93% de los casos y la piei en el 81% de los casos. En el control de pacientes virchowianos típicos se anotó, en el mismo tiempo, negativización del mucus nasal en el 81% de los casos y de la piei en solo el 29,7% de los casos. Después de 10 anos de tratamiento el 19,21% de los DV seguían positivos en piei contra el 32% de los virchowianos. Se concluye del mejor pronóstico frente al tratamiento sulfónico de los primeros frente a los segundos, aunque se comprobó la lepromatización de casi 1/5 de los dimorfos virchowianos a pesar de la terapeutica correcta. Ahora bien si consideramos que los DV representan aproximadamente el 25% del grupo total de 150 dimorfos que tenemos registrado, y que en los DD y DT no hemos anotado lepromatizaciones, resultaria que globalmente, en nuestra experiencia, de todo el grupo D (DV, más DD, más DT) se han lepromatizado a pesar del tratamiento sulfónico el 4% de los enfermos.
Leprosy classification for use in control programs
Authors: Bernardi Cesar , Ferreira Jair , Pino Gisela del , Bakos Lucio , Gerbase Antonio Carlos , Gervini Roberto Lopes , Gutierres Miriam
Published: December 2023

Some classifications of Leprosy currently in use are reviewed and the difficulties of their application in field work are analysed. While it is recognized the scientific value of these classifications in order to identify precisely the clinical, bacteriological, histological and immunological aspects of the disease, an alternative simplified classification is suggested, to be used in control programmes. In this classification clinical forms that require the same public health action are put together. Thus, clinical forms are reduced to three basic groups. The clinical and laboratory criteria which define each group are presented, as well as the correlation between this simplified classification and the classic one.
Situação atual da endemia hanseníase no município de Parnaíba — alta prevalência
Authors: EGITO Edilson Pinheiro do
Published: December 2023

O autor publica os dados referentes à endemia Hanseníase no município de Parnaíba, Estado do Piauí, e chama a atenção para os serviços de Saúde Pública em virtude dos altos indicadores de morbidade encontrados.