bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of heavy metal exposure during pregnancy on birth outcomes
Authors: Zinia Sabrina Shafi , Yang Ki-Hyeok , Lee Eun Ju , Lim Myoung-Nam , Kim Jeeyoung , Kim Woo Jin ,   Ko-CHENS Study group, Park Choonghee , Kim Hyun Jeong , Jung Soon-Won , Hong Sooyeon , Jung A-Ra , Lee Jueun , Do Yu Seung , Hwang Namkyoung , Jeong Dong Jin , Seo Heung Won , Kim Hae Soon , Lee Myeongjee , Park Eun Kyo , Lee Seulbi , Kook Hoon , Baek Hee Jo , Moon Jai Dong , Park Won Ju , Shin Myung-Geun , Paik Ki-Chung , Kwon Ho-Jang , Lim Myung-Ho , Yoo Seung Jin , Bae Sanghyuk , Hong Young-Seoub , Kim Yu-Mi , Seo Jeong-Wook , Kim Myo Jing , Chueh Hee Won , Lim Dae Hyun , Kim Jeong Hee , Park Joohye , Kim Donghyun , So Hye Ju , Hong Sung-Chul , Lee Keun Hwa , Kim Su-Young , Na Sunghun , Choung Ji Tae , Yoo Young , Seo Sung Chul , Kang Hyeonju , Jang Ji Yeon , Jung Minyoung , Chun Se-Jin , Kim Young-Min , Kim Jihyun , Lim Youn-Hee , Park Joong Shin , Park Chan-Wook , Shin Choong Ho , Woo Kuck Hyeun , Choi SungYong , Kim Jin Kyung , Yang Wonho , Hur Jongil , Park Myung-Sook , Choi Kyung-Hwa , Lee Seung-Hwa , Oh Inbo , Lee Jiho , Sim Chang Sun
Published: November 2023

Exposure to heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury poses serious health risks to pregnant women because of their high toxicity. In this study, we investigated the associations of heavy metal exposure with birth outcomes of Korean infants. Data of 5,215 women between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. This study was part of the Korean Children’s Environmental Health (Ko-CHENS) study. Linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used to examine effects of concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury on birth weight, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age after adjusting for maternal age groups, parity, infant sex, education, income, smoking, drinking, body mass index, stillbirth, premature birth, diabetes, hypertension, and gestational diabetes. Besides adjusting for these covariates, each metal was mutually adjusted to estimate birth weight and large for gestational age status. Maternal cadmium concentrations during early pregnancy (β =  − 39.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): − 63.76, − 16.17) and late pregnancy (β =  − 37.24; 95% CI − 61.63, − 12.84) were significantly associated with birth weight. Cadmium levels during early pregnancy (adjusted OR = 0.637; 95% CI 0.444, 0.912) were also associated with large for gestational age status. Our findings suggest that prenatal cadmium exposure, even at a low level of exposure, is significantly associated with low birth weight.
Extreme pubic hair removal as a potential risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infections in women
Authors: Galbarczyk Andrzej , Marcinkowska Urszula M. , Klimek Magdalena , Jasienska Grazyna
Published: November 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections experienced by women. Previously, scalp and facial hair in men have been shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Here we hypothesize that having hairy genitalia might protect women from UTI. This study investigated grooming habits and occurrence of UTIs in the past 12 months in 2409 women (aged 18–45). Women who reported removing all their pubic hair at least weekly were defined as extreme groomers (66.8%). We collected additional information on covariates including age, having a first UTI at or before age 15, spermicide use, having a new sex partner, and frequency of sexual intercourse during the past year. Extreme grooming was not associated with the risk of being diagnosed with UTI (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.90–1.52), but was associated with a higher risk of recurrent UTIs, defined as three or more UTIs within 12 months (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.35–7.06), after controlling for age, history of UTIs, and sexual practices. Other studies have found that hygienic purposes are the most common motivations for pubic hair removal. These results suggest that along with their pubes, women may be getting rid of important microbial niche and protection against recurrent UTIs.
Neurocomputational mechanisms of biased impression formation in lonely individuals
Authors: Bellucci Gabriele , Park Soyoung Q.
Published: November 2023

Social impressions are fundamental in our daily interactions with other people but forming accurate impressions of our social partners can be biased to different extents. Loneliness has previously been suggested to induce biases that hinder the formation of accurate impressions of others for successful social bonding. Here, we demonstrated that despite counterfactual evidence, negative first impressions bias information weighting, leading to less favorable trustworthiness beliefs. Lonely individuals did not only have more negative expectations of others’ social behavior, but they also manifested a stronger weighting bias. Reduced orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity was associated with a stronger weighting bias in lonelier individuals and mediated the relationship between loneliness and this weighting bias. Importantly, stronger coupling between OFC and temporoparietal junction compensated for such effects, promoting more positive trustworthiness beliefs especially in lonelier individuals. These findings bear potential for future basic and clinical investigations on social cognition and the development of clinical symptoms linked to loneliness.
Correction of a homoplasmic mitochondrial tRNA mutation in patient-derived iPSCs via a mitochondrial base editor
Authors: Chen Xiaoxu , Chen Mingyue , Zhu Yuqing , Sun Haifeng , Wang Yue , Xie Yuan , Ji Lianfu , Wang Cheng , Hu Zhibin , Guo Xuejiang , Xu Zhengfeng , Zhang Jun , Yang Shiwei , Liang Dong , Shen Bin
Published: November 2023

Pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial DNA cause severe and often lethal multi-system symptoms in primary mitochondrial defects. However, effective therapies for these defects are still lacking. Strategies such as employing mitochondrially targeted restriction enzymes or programmable nucleases to shift the ratio of heteroplasmic mutations and allotopic expression of mitochondrial protein-coding genes have limitations in treating mitochondrial homoplasmic mutations, especially in non-coding genes. Here, we conduct a proof of concept study applying a screened DdCBE pair to correct the homoplasmic m.A4300G mutation in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We achieve efficient G4300A correction with limited off-target editing, and successfully restore mitochondrial function in corrected induced pluripotent stem cell clones. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using DdCBE to treat primary mitochondrial defects caused by homoplasmic pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Porous Materials
Authors: Roy Sounak , Bhaskaran Aathira , Meenu Preetha Chandrasekharan
Published: November 2023

Microwave-assisted synthesis of porous materials is currently at the fore-front as an alternative to conventional heating methods due to less energy consumption, shorter synthesis time, uniform structure, increased phase purity and phase selectivity, narrow particle size distribution, and versatile composition of the resulting products. Microwave heating is believed to facilitate rapid energy transfer into the reaction system, accelerating the heating rate and consequent crystallization as well as the nucleation rate. This chapter encompasses the different aspects of microwave assisted synthesis of two popular porous materials, zeolites and metal–organic framework materials.
Microwave-assisted Reactions with Solid Acid and Base Catalysts
Authors: Daggett David , Török Béla
Published: November 2023

The combined applications of solid acid and solid base catalysis with microwave activation are reviewed. The chapter is divided into three main parts: (i) a brief survey of solid acid and solid base catalysts, such as metal oxides, clays, acidic and basic zeolites, ion-exchange resins, etc. and the application of microwave irradiation in environmentally benign processes, and synthetic applications using (ii) solid acid and (iii) solid base catalysts.
Microwave-assisted Catalytic Transformation of Biomass to Platform Chemicals
Authors: Sharma Komal , Modak Arindam , Sonde R. R. , Pant Kamal K.
Published: November 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging and renewable feedstock for biorefineries. Biomass valorization to platform chemicals through microwave technology, which offers a relatively mild and convenient protocol, has a futuristic demand towards a sustainable future. Thus, microwave (MW) conversion of biomass to bioenergy, biopolymers, and chemicals may be a promising approach to replace conventional and other thermochemical reactions in pressurized reactors. As a rising technology, MW heating reduces energy consumption and enables fast conversion processes with improved product quality and yield. MW heating was documented for its direct dielectric interaction with biomass substrates, providing advantages over conventional heating. In this chapter, we highlight the catalytic upgradation of biomass and biomass-derived molecules to platform chemicals, including furans (HMF and EMF), levulinic acid, levulinates (ML and EL), as well as xylitol and sorbitol as low-calorie sugars, employing metal nanoparticles, single metal atoms, metal oxides, and graphene oxide as catalysts. Eventually, we also discuss the significant challenges and drawbacks of MW-mediated reactions, including poor interactions of substrates with low-dielectric properties and the scope of large-scale applications, compared to pyrolysis and hydrothermal processes. Ultimately, this chapter concludes that waste biomass is the benchmark raw material for a controlled circular bioeconomic route.
Application of Microwave Irradiation for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis and Fuel Cells
Authors: Lenge Mbuya Christel Olivier , Jewell Linda
Published: November 2023

Microwave irradiation (MIR) allows one to selectively heat certain components of a material, where the specific components either absorb and therefore are heated upon MIR exposure, or act as transmitters and therefore are not heated on MIR exposure. This behaviour has been exploited by researchers to prepare novel FTS catalysts with enhanced performance in some instances and worse performance in other instances, likewise, fuel cell catalysts. The effects observed have been described in this chapter in order to gain an understanding of the mechanisms involved, particularly in the case of FTS catalysts, where the support acts as an absorber.
Non-uniform Microwave Heating of Heterogeneous Systems: How to Turn Problems into Opportunities
Authors: Chaouki J. , Leclerc P. , Solouki A. , Monzavi M. , Hussain A. , Chen Z. , Amini A.
Published: November 2023

Turning problematic, non-uniform microwave heating into an opportunity is a promising approach to enhancing energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts due to the chemical processing of heterogeneous systems. Selective microwave heating of materials provides an adequate temperature for the occurrence of an efficient chemical reaction at desired sites while the surrounding media remain unheated, diminishing heat loss and enhancing the energy efficiency. Moreover, the side reactions at non-desired sites, including reactor walls and the surrounding media, are avoided owing to the lower bulk temperature compared to that of the target material, which likely improves the quality of the product. Applying this approach in various microwave-assisted catalytic and non-catalytic processes, including pyrolysis, cracking, and hydrogen production, confirmed an extraordinary improvement in product quality and reduction in energy consumption. Highlighting these advantages will likely increase the demand for scaling up microwave-assisted processes.
Development and application of a universal extraction-free reagent based on an algal glycolipid
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Wang Ningning , Qiu Minli , Cheng Jun , Zhou Huajun , Che Feihu , Hu Yan , He Yinghui , Dai Yuzhu , Zhang Yingjie
Published: November 2023

In this study, we independently developed a universal nasopharyngeal swab extraction-free reagent based on a trehalose lipid for the rapid detection of pathogen nucleic acids in respiratory infectious diseases.
A resorufin-based fluorescent probe for hydrazine detection and its application in environmental analysis and bioimaging
Authors: Ruan Minghao , Zhang Bo , Wang Jiamin , Fan Guanwen , Lu Xiaoyan , Zhang Jian , Zhao Weili
Published: November 2023

A novel “turn-on” fluorescent probe RFT for selective detection of N2H4 was constructed. RFT could not only detect the exogenous hydrazine in zebrafish and mice, but also image the up-regulation of endogenous N2H4 induced by isoniazid in zebrafish.
A C4-modified bipyridinium multi-mode stationary phase for reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction and ion exchange chromatography
Authors: Yang Yali , Li Yan , Long Zelong , Han Lingling , Quan Kaijun , Chen Jia , Liu Xiuhui , Qiu Hongdeng
Published: November 2023

A C4-modified bipyridinium multi-mode stationary phase possessing potential application to analyze radionuclide iodine-131 in seawater.
High-performance EMI shielding effectiveness of Fe3O4–3D rPC nanocomposites: a systematic optimization in the X-band region
Authors: Govindasamy Theertharaman , Mathew Nibin Kolanjikombil , Asapu Vinaya Kumar , Asokan Vijayshankar , Subramanian Venkatachalam , Subramanian Balakumar
Published: November 2023

Fe3O4-3D rPC NCs for microwave EMI shielding application.
Enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution from nitrogen plasma-tailored MoS2 nanostructures
Authors: Li You , Wan Yi , Yao Jiamin , Zheng Hongqian , Wang Xi , Liu Xuan , Ouyang Bo , Huang Chengxi , Deng Kaiming , Kan Erjun
Published: November 2023

The hydrogen evolution catalytic activities of nanostructured MoS2 powder before and after plasma modification with nitrogen doping were experimentally compared.
Experimental and computational study of the exchange interaction between the V(iii) centers in the vanadium-cyclal dimer
Authors: Reiß Andreas , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Jin Chengyu , Wachter-Lehn Martha , Kremer Reinhard K. , Pöttgen Rainer , Fink Karin , Klopper Wim , Feldmann Claus
Published: November 2023

[V2(HCyclal)2] is prepared by oxidation of V(0) nanoparticles (THF, 50 °C). The V(iii) dimer coordinated by [HCyclal]3− anions with nitrogen as sole donor shows antiferromagnetic coupling as shown by magnetic measurements and computation.
Assessment of human inter-individual variability of phloretin metabolites in urine after apple consumption. AppleCOR study
Authors: Macià Alba , Romero María-Paz , Pedret Anna , Solà Rosa , Clifford Michael N. , Rubió-Piqué Laura
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the inter-individual variation in phloretin absorption and metabolism and to seek possible phloretin metabotypes following apple snack consumption.
Ameliorating the effect and mechanism of chitosan oligosaccharide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Feng Jiayao , Bai Yan , Che Qishi , Cao Hua , Guo Jiao , Su Zhengquan
Published: November 2023

Previous studies have found that chitosan oligosaccharide (COST) can alleviate the clinical symptoms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.
Flexible nanosheets for plasmonic photocatalysis: microwave-assisted organic synthesis of Ni–NiO@Ni2CO3(OH)2 core–shell@sheet hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Rani Ekta , Talebi Parisa , Pulkkinen Terhi , Pankratov Vladimir , Singh Harishchandra
Published: November 2023

Visible light-active nickel-based plasmonic photocatalysts provide a cost-effective alternative to noble metals.
Petroleum sludge ash-derived MCM-41-silver nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalysis and antimicrobial effect in water treatment
Authors: Goual Nor el houda , Alaoui Chakib , Bendraoua Abdelaziz , Bernaoui Cheikh Reda , Benzelmat Lamia Ahlem , Naceri Abdelaziz , Zoukel Abdelhalim , Adjdir Mehdi
Published: November 2023

This study introduces a cost-effective methodology to synthesize Ag@MCM-41 composites, utilizing petroleum sludge ash as a precursor.
Photocatalytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane over Ti3C2/MOF-supported Pd-doped Co nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Xiaodie , Liu Ziye , Tu Jingjing , Ji Changchun , Zhou Ying-Hua
Published: November 2023

Pd-Doped Co nanoparticles were incorporated into Ti3C2/UiO-66-NH2 composite. The heterogeneous catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane under light irradiation at 298 K.
Ag(i)-catalyzed three-component radical cascade synthesis of 3-organoselenyl chromones from 2-methoxyaryl alkynones, Se powder and organic boronic acids
Authors: Sun Nan , Qiao Zengguo , Liu Xiaolong , Qiao Zhi , Jin Liqun , Hu Xinquan
Published: November 2023

A new three-component radical cascade process has been proposed for the synthesis of 3-organoselenyl chromones from 2-methoxyaryl alkynones, Se powder and organic boronic acids.
Sonocatalytic cancer therapy: theories, advanced catalysts and system design
Authors: Li Ruiyan , Wang Xuan , Shi Jiacheng , Kang Yong , Ji Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2023

Sonocatalytic cancer therapy has emerged as a promising strategy through the combination of ultrasound waves and catalytic materials to selectively target and destroy cancer cells.
Molecular engineering of donor–acceptor sp2-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Xu Mei , Yu Shanshan , Li Wanru , Li Chuangye , Peng Yukai , Yu Fengtao
Published: November 2023

Three sp2-carbon-linked D–A COFs have been successfully synthesizedviaa Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The TTh-COF with strong electron-donating unit of benzotrithiophene exhibits an impressive hydrogen evolution rate 22.22 mmol h−1g−1.
AgBr nanoparticle surface modified SnO2 enhanced visible light catalytic performance: characterization, mechanism and kinetics study
Authors: Dai Hengcan , Yang Xiaoliang , Li WanLi , Wang Yukai
Published: November 2023

In this study, a simple hydrothermal procedure and in situ precipitation method were used to prepare SnO2–AgBr composites, where the molar ratios of SnO2 and AgBr were 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 2 : 1.
Colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode determination of hypochlorite based on redox-mediated quenching
Authors: AlQarni Ali O. , Mahmoud Ashraf M. , Ali Ramadan , El-Wekil Mohamed M.
Published: November 2023

We have successfully created a dual-modal probe, labeled as iron(ii)–ortho-phenanthroline/N, S@g-CDs, which combines both fluorometric and colorimetric techniques for the accurate and sensitive detection of hypochlorite (ClO−).
Antimicrobial and antiviral evaluation of compounds from Holoptelea integrifolia: in silico supported in vitro study
Authors: Mohammed Hala Sh. , Taha Eman F. S. , Mahrous Fatma S. , Sabour Rehab , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Ismail Lotfy D.
Published: November 2023

Holoptelea integrifolia, also known as the Indian Elm Tree, has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for its medicinal properties.
Correction: Effect of DNA density immobilized on gold nanoparticles on nucleic acid detection
Authors: Hirao Gen , Fukuzumi Nanami , Ogawa Atsushi , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Maeda Mizuo , Zako Tamotsu
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Effect of DNA density immobilized on gold nanoparticles on nucleic acid detection’ by Gen Hirao et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 30690–30695, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA06528F.
Synthesis and intramolecular singlet fission properties of ortho-phenylene linked oligomers of diphenylhexatriene
Authors: Millington Oliver , Sharma Ashish , Montanaro Stephanie , Leventis Anastasia , Dowland Simon A. , Congrave Daniel G. , Lee Cherie-Anne , Rao Akshay , Bronstein Hugo
Published: November 2023

We report the synthesis of well-defined diphenylhexatriene oligomers for use as intramolecular singlet fission materials.
Correction: Fast and scalable solvent-free access to Lappert's heavier tetrylenes E{N(SiMe3)2}2 (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) and ECl{N(SiMe3)2} (E = Ge, Sn)
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , Reynes Javier F. , García Felipe , García-Álvarez Pablo , García-Soriano Rubén
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Fast and scalable solvent-free access to Lappert's heavier tetrylenes E{N(SiMe3)2}2 (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) and ECl{N(SiMe3)2} (E = Ge, Sn)’ by Javier A. Cabeza et al., Chem. Sci., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC02709K.
A perspective on the building blocks of a solid-state battery: from solid electrolytes to quantum power harvesting and storage
Authors: Gomes Beatriz Moura , Ribeiro Moutinho J. Francisco , Braga Maria Helena
Published: November 2023

We present a comprehensive perspective on the fundamental components of a solid-state battery, starting from all-solid-state electrolytes and extending to quantum power harvesting and storage.
Highly stable lanthanide cluster-based luminescent materials constructed from β-diketone to 1,10-phenanthroline exhibiting ultrahigh photoluminescence and efficient pesticide detection
Authors: Hong Mei-Xin , Chen Cheng , Cao Lingyun , Zheng Jun , Zheng Xiu-Ying
Published: November 2023

Two series of dinuclear luminescent lanthanide clusters Eu2b and Eu2p with ultrahigh quantum yield were synthesized. Compound Eu2p exhibited high thermal stability, solvent stability and efficient pesticide detection.
Superior energy storage performance and ultrafast discharge of NBBT-based ceramics via introducing linear dielectric additives and rare earth oxides
Authors: Li Pengzhen , Yang Haibo , Kodagoda Ashani Nisansala , Yuan Qibin , Lin Ying
Published: November 2023

Ferroelectric ceramics have low energy storage performance due to their nearly square hysteresis loops and low dielectric breakdown strength, which affects their practical applications for high-power energy storage capacitors.
Nanobiosensors and nanoformulations in agriculture: new advances and challenges for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Miguel-Rojas Cristina , Pérez-de-Luque Alejandro
Published: November 2023

In the current scenario of climate change, global agricultural systems are facing remarkable challenges in order to increase production, while reducing the negative environmental impact. Nano-enabled technologies have the potential to revolutionise farming practices by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimising losses, as well as contributing to sustainable agriculture. Two promising applications of nanotechnology in agriculture are nanobiosensors and nanoformulations (NFs). Nanobiosensors can help detect biotic and abiotic stresses in plants before they affect plant production, while NFs can make agrochemicals, more efficient and less polluting. NFs are becoming new-age materials with a wide variety of nanoparticle-based formulations such as fertilisers, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. They facilitate the site-targeted controlled delivery of agrochemicals enhancing their efficiency and reducing dosages. Smart farming aims to monitor and detect parameters related to plant health and environmental conditions in order to help sustainable agriculture. Nanobiosensors can provide real-time analytical data, including detection of nutrient levels, metabolites, pesticides, presence of pathogens, soil moisture, and temperature, aiding in precision farming practices, and optimising resource usage. In this review, we summarise recent innovative uses of NFs and nanobiosensors in agriculture that may boost crop protection and production, as well as reducing the negative environmental impact of agricultural activities. However, successful implementation of these smart technologies would require two special considerations: (i) educating farmers about appropriate use of nanotechnology, (ii) conducting field trials to ensure effectiveness under real conditions.
Highly‐efficient optically transparent planarized transmit‐arrays using heterogeneous unit cells
Authors: Jiang Yangbin , Wu Xin Yu , Jiang Zhi Hao , Cai Longzhu , Hong Wei
Published: November 2023

Two K‐band optically‐transparent (OT) transmit‐arrays (TAs) are proposed and demonstrated, which realize pencil beam and flat‐top beam, respectively. Based on the equivalent circuit analysis approach, the TA unit cells are designed using cascaded low‐loss cyclic olefin copolymer substrates and transparent conductor films with a 360° phase shifting and a total panel thickness of 0.46λ0. Phase compensation and an intersection approach are utilized to synthesize the pencil beam TA, with an aperture efficiency of 39.2%, and flat‐top beam TA, respectively. Both TAs are fabricated and characterized, showing a good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The pencil beam TA achieves a peak gain of 31.8 dBi with an 1‐dB gain bandwidth of 6.5%, while the flat‐top beam TA realizes a peak gain of 20.3 dBi with an 1.8‐dB beamwidth of 13°. The verified OT TAs can be useful candidates for communication and satellite applications in the 5G millimetre‐wave band.
Uncovering a new group of T Tauri stars in the Taurus-Auriga molecular complex from Gaia and GALEX data
Authors: Gómez de Castro Ana Inés , de la Fuente Marcos Raúl , Canet Ada , Beitia-Antero Leire , Yáñez-Gestoso Javier , Carlos Vallejo Juan
Published: November 2023

Context. Determining a complete census of young stars in any star forming region is a challenge even for the nearest and best-observed molecular clouds, such as Taurus-Auriga (TAMC). Deep surveys at infrared (IR) and X-ray wavelengths and astrometric surveys using Gaia DR2 and DR3 have been carried out to detect the sparse population and constrain the low-mass end of the initial mass function. These compilations have resulted in lists of more than 500 sources, including reliable members of the association and candidates. The astrometric information provided by the Gaia mission has proven to be of fundamental importance in evaluating these candidates.

Aims. In the present work, we examine the list of 63 candidate T Tauri star (TTS) in the TAMC identified by their ultraviolet (UV) and IR colours measured from data obtained by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer all sky survey (GALEX-AIS) and the Two Microns All Sky Survey (2MASS), respectively. These sources have not been included in previous studies and the objectives of this work are twofold: to evaluate whether or not they are pre-main sequence (PMS) stars and to evaluate the true potentials of the UV-IR colour–colour diagram to detect PMS stars in wide fields.

Methods. We retrieved the kinematic properties and the parallax of these sources from the Gaia DR3 catalogue and used them to evaluate their membership probability. We tested several classification algorithms to search for the kinematical groups, but made the final classification with k-means++ algorithms. We evaluated membership probability by applying logistic regression. In addition, we used spectroscopic information available in the archive of the Large Sky Area Multi Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) to ascertain their PMS nature when available.

Results. About 20% of the candidates share the kinematics of the TAMC members. Among them, HD 281691 is a G8-type field star located in front of the cloud and HO Aur is likely a halo star given the very low metallicity provided by Gaia. The remaining sources included three known PMS stars (HD 30171, V600 Aur and J04590305+3003004), two previously unknown accreting M-type stars (J04510713+1708468 and J05240794+2542438), and five additional sources that are very likely PMS stars. Most of these new sources are concentrated at low galactic latitudes over the Auriga-Perseus region.
The early evolution of young massive clusters
Authors: Stoop M. , Derkink A. , Kaper L. , de Koter A. , Rogers C. , Ramírez-Tannus M. C. , Guo D. , Azatyan N.
Published: November 2023

Context. Characterising the outcome of the star formation process is key to understand and predict the evolution of stellar populations. Especially the fraction of massive stars in young stellar clusters is of importance as they are the dominant sources of both mechanical and radiative feedback, strongly influencing the thermal and dynamical state of their birth environments, and beyond. Their supernovae may trigger the formation of new generations of stars in neighbouring regions. It turns out that a significant fraction of massive stars escape from their parent cluster via dynamical interactions of single stars and/or multiple stellar systems.

Aims. M 17 is the nearest giant H II region hosting a very young and massive cluster: NGC 6618. Our aim is to identify stars brighter than G ≲ 21 mag that belong to NGC 6618, including the (massive) stars that may have escaped since its formation, and to determine the cluster distance and age.

Methods. The Gaia DR3 database was used to identify members of NGC 6618 based on parallax and proper motion within 9′ from the cluster centre. We searched for nearby stars in a field of 5° around the cluster centre that may have originated from the cluster, and we determined their transverse velocity, kinematic age, and impact parameter.

Results. We identified 42 members of NGC 6618 of which eight have a spectral type of O, with a mean distance of 1675−18+19 pc and a (transversal) velocity dispersion of about 3 km s−1, and a radial velocity dispersion of ∼6 km s−1. Another ten O stars are associated with NGC 6618, but they cannot be classified as members due to poor astrometry and/or high extinction. We have also identified six O star runaways. The relative transverse velocity of these runaways ranges from 10 to 70 km s−1 and their kinematic age ranges from about 100 to 750 kyr. Given the already established young age of NGC 6618 (≲1 Myr), this implies that massive stars are being ejected from the cluster already directly after (or during) the cluster formation process.

Conclusions. When constructing the initial mass function, one has to take into account the massive stars that have already escaped from the cluster, that is, about 30% of the O stars of the original population of NGC 6618. The trajectories of the O runaways can be traced back to the central 0.2–0.3 pc region of NGC 6618. The good agreement between the evolutionary and kinematic age of the runaways implies that the latter provides an independent way to estimate (a lower limit to) the age of the cluster.
Toroidal Miller-Turner and Soloviev coronal mass ejection models in EUHFORIA
Authors: Linan L. , Maharana A. , Poedts S. , Schmieder B. , Keppens R.
Published: November 2023

Context. EUHFORIA is a space weather forecasting tool used to predict the time of arrival and geo-effectiveness of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this simulation model, magnetic structures evolve in the heliosphere after their injection into the domain at 0.1 AU. The predictions provided by EUHFORIA are directly related to the geometric, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of the injected CME models.

Aims. The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of two new CME models in EUHFORIA. Both models possess a toroidal geometry, but the internal distribution of the magnetic field is different.

Methods. We introduce the two toroidal CME models analytically, along with their numerical implementation in EUHFORIA. One model is based on the modified Miller-Turner (mMT) solution, while the other is derived from the Soloviev equilibrium, a specific solution of the Grad-Shafranov equation. The magnetic field distribution in both models is provided in analytic formulae, enabling a swift numerical computation. After detailing the differences between the two models, we present a collection of thermodynamic andmagnetic profiles obtained at Earth using these CME solutions in EUHFORIA with a realistic solar wind background. Subsequently, we explore the influence of their initial parameters on the time profiles at L1. In particular, we examine the impact of the initial density, magnetic field strength, velocity, and minor radius.

Results. The Soloviev model allows control over the shape of the poloidal cross section, as well as the initial twist. In EUHFORIA, we obtained different thermodynamic and magnetic profiles depending on the CME model used. The generated magnetic profiles reflect the initial magnetic field distribution of the chosen model. We found that changing the initial parameters affects both the amplitude and the trend of the time profiles. For example, using a high initial speed results in a fast evolving and compressed magnetic structure. The speed of the CME is also linked to the strength of the initial magnetic field due to the contribution of the Lorentz force on the CME expansion. However, increasing the initial magnetic field also increases the computation time. Finally, the expansion and integrity of the magnetic structure can be controlled via the initial density of the CME.

Conclusions. Both toroidal CME models are successfully implemented in EUHFORIA and can be utilized to predict the geo-effectiveness of the impact of real CME events. Moreover, the current implementation could be easily modified to model other toroidal magnetic configurations.
IC 485: A new candidate disc-maser galaxy at ∼100 Mpc
Authors: Ladu E. , Tarchi A. , Castangia P. , Surcis G. , Braatz J. A. , Panessa F. , Pesce D. W.
Published: November 2023

Context. Masers are a unique tool with which to investigate the emitting gas in the innermost regions of active galactic nuclei and to map accretion discs and tori orbiting around supermassive black holes. IC 485, which is classified as a low ionisation nuclear emission-line region (LINER) or Seyfert galaxy, hosts a bright H2O maser whose nature is still unclear. Indeed, the maser could be a nuclear disc maser, a jet or outflow maser, or even the very first example of a so-called inclined water maser disc.

Aims. We aim to clarify and investigate the nature of the H2O maser in IC 485 by determining the location and distribution of the maser emission at milliarcsecond resolution and by associating it with the main nuclear components of the galaxy. In a broader context, this work might also provide further information that could be used to better understand the physics and disc–jet geometry in LINER or Seyfert galaxies.

Methods. We observed the nuclear region of IC 485 in continuum and spectral-line mode with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and with the European VLBI Network (EVN). Here, we report multi-epoch (six epochs) and multi-band (three bands: L, C, and K) observations made in 2018, with linear scales from ∼3 to 0.2 pc.

Results. We detected two 22 GHz H2O maser components separated in velocity by 472 km s−1, with one centred at the systemic velocity of the nuclear region of IC 485 and the other at a redshifted velocity. We measured for the first time the absolute positions of these components with an accuracy of better than one milliarcsecond. Under the assumption of a maser associated with an edge-on disc in Keplerian rotation, the estimated enclosed mass is MBH = 1.2 × 107 M⊙, which is consistent with the expected mass for a SMBH in a LINER or Seyfert galaxy. Continuum compact sources have also been detected in the nuclear region of the galaxy, although at a low level of significance.

Conclusions. The linear distribution of the detected maser components and a comparison with the high-sensitivity single-dish spectrum strongly suggest that the bulk of the maser emission is associated with an edge-on accretion disc. This makes IC 485 a new candidate disc-maser galaxy at a distance of 122 Mpc. In particular, thanks to the upcoming radio facilities (e.g., the Square Kilometer Array and the next-generation Very Large Array), IC 485 will play an important role – alongside other sources at similar distances – in our understanding of active galactic nuclei in an unexplored volume of the Universe.
Management of congenital urogenital and perineal vascular malformations: correlation of clinical findings with diagnostic imaging for treatment decision
Authors: Grill Nadja , Struebing Felix , Weiss Christel , Schönberg Stefan O , Sadick Maliha
Published: November 2023

Purpose Analysis of clinical and diagnostic findings in rare urogenital and perineal vascular malformations only occurring in 2–3 % of vascular anomalies with regard to clinical symptoms and treatment decisions.

Materials and Methods All 25 out of 537 patients presenting with congenital urogenital and perineal vascular malformations at our institution from 2014 to 2021 were included. Vascular anomaly classification, anatomical location, clinical symptoms at presentation, diagnostic imaging, and pain intensity were retrospectively assessed from the patient record and therapy management was evaluated.

Results In total, 25 patients (10 females (40 %), 15 males (60 %)), aged 6 to 77 years were included. Diagnoses were: 10 (40 %) venous malformations (VMs), 5 (20 %) lymphatic malformations (LMs) and 10 (40 %) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Malformation manifestations were: 12 (32 %) lesser pelvis, 12 (32 %) external genitalia, and 13 (34 %) perineal/gluteal region. One AVM was located in the kidney. The leading clinical symptom was pain. The mean intensity was 6.0/10 for LM, 5.7/10 for VM, and 4.5/10 for AVM. Further major symptoms included physical impairment, local swelling, and skin discoloration. Bleeding complications or sexual dysfunction were rare findings. Patients with VM reported significantly more symptoms than patients with AVM (p = 0.0129). In 13 patients (52 %) minimally invasive therapy was indicated: 10 (77 %) sclerotherapies and 3 (23 %) transcatheter embolization procedures. Complete symptomatic remission was achieved in 9 (69 %) patients, partial response in 3 (23 %) patients, and 1 patient showed no clinical response to therapy. Follow-up appointments without the need for immediate minimally invasive therapy were significantly more common in patients with AVMs than in patients with VMs (p = 0.0198).

Conclusion To create a higher awareness of congenital urogenital and perineal vascular malformations. Awareness of this rare condition avoids misdiagnosis. Therapy decisions should be symptom-oriented. Emergency intervention is rarely required, even in fast-flow vascular malformations.

Key Points:
Operative Ausbildungsziele in der Plastischen und
Ästhetischen Chirurgie einfach „SMART“
Authors: Jakubietz Rafael G. , Giunta Riccardo E. , Jakubietz Michael G. , König Sarah
Published: November 2023

Einleitung Der Prozess des lebenslangen Kompetenzerwerbs in medizinischen
Berufen spielt im Rahmen der Neustrukturierung der Studiengänge eine
besondere Rolle. Das aktive, selbstbestimmte Lernen findet Anwendung auch in der
operativen Ausbildung, um manuelle Fertigkeiten zu erlernen. Die
individualisierte, spezifisch auf die Bedürfnisse des Lernenden
abgestimmte Zielsetzung gefolgt von Übungen sowie Feedback
ermöglicht den Erwerb operativer Kompetenz.

Material und Methoden Die chirurgische Ausbildung ähnelt einer
musischen Ausbildung oder Sportausübung, da sowohl intellektuelle als
auch manuelle Fertigkeiten erworben werden müssen. Dort kommen
Trainingsprinzipien bestehend aus Fehleranalyse, Zielsetzung, Übung
sowie Reflexion erfolgreich zum Einsatz. Die Zielsetzung wird entsprechend dem
SMART Prinzip gewählt, um eine bestmögliche Umsetzung zu
gewährleisten. Diese Übungsstrategie kann auch in der operativen
Ausbildung zum Einsatz kommen.

Anwendungen Dem Ausbildungsstadium entsprechend, können sowohl
chirurgische Prinzipien als auch Teilaspekte bis komplette Eingriffe dem SMART
Prinzip entsprechend geübt werden. Dies ermöglicht den
Kompetenzerwerb und das Erlernen manueller Fertigkeiten ohne Nachteile
für die Patientensicherheit.

Diskussion Die chirurgische Ausbildung beinhaltet den Erwerb von
intellektuellen als auch manuellen Fertigkeiten und ist demnach mit anderen
kompetitiven Felder wie Musik und Sport vergleichbar. Im Gegensatz dazu sind
allerdings die Trainingsmöglichkeiten im heutigen Spannungsfeld zwischen
Hochleistungsmedizin und Kostendruck für den Erwerb chirurgischer
Fähigkeiten limitiert. Daher sind Simulationsmöglichkeiten im
Rahmen des selbstbestimmten Lernens von zunehmender Bedeutung. Das SMART Prinzip
in der Zielsetzung ermöglicht die Fragmentierung von komplexen
operativen Schritten in Teilbereiche, welche in einem überschaubaren
Zeitrahmen erfolgreich erlernt werden können. Da diese Art der
Entwicklung nicht allen Individuen intuitiv verfügbar ist, kann dieses
Prinzip von Ausbildern und Mentoren empfohlen werden, um auch außerhalb
des Operationsaals manuelle Fertigkeiten zu erlernen.
Systematic Review: Risk Factors of Anxiety, Depressiveness, and (Lack of) Social Support in Women and Men Prior to Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Thanscheidt Carla Luisa , Wischmann Tewes
Published: November 2023

This review provides a systematic overview of the state of knowledge to date of psychosocial risk factors with a focus on anxiety, depressiveness, and (lack of) social support among
involuntarily childless women and men prior to assisted reproduction. The databases PubMed, PubPsych, PsycINFO-Ebsco, and Web of Science were searched for relevant publications in
English or German, and finally a total of 20 publications were included in the systematic review. Of these, 18 studies focused on depressiveness, 15 studies focused on anxiety, and 9 studies
focused on social support. Half of the studies included both men and women, while the other half included only women. Due to the large heterogeneity of the study results as well as
limitations, no clear conclusions can be drawn regarding a difference between the risk profiles of men and women with an unfulfilled desire to have children. However, it has been shown that
infertile couples or women experience higher levels of stress in the form of depressiveness and anxiety compared to fertile participants. Furthermore, it was found that social support,
regardless of gender difference, within the couple and from family and friends may be associated with a lower risk for depressiveness and anxiety.
Covid-19 during Pregnancy – Histopathological Lesions of the
Placenta
Authors: Kummer Julia , Ameli Giada , Jebens Anja , Königbauer Josefine , Mihajlov Valentin , Nacke Anna Kaarina , Pham My Hanh , Rickert Christian , Simon Luisa , Schellenberg Tim , Hellmeyer Lars
Published: November 2023

Introduction Pregnant women and their offspring represented a vulnerable
patient collective during the Covid-19 pandemic. Beyond the direct effect of
SARS-CoV-2 via vertical transmission, an indirect impact on the fetus can occur
through placental lesions deteriorating placental villous function. We performed
a histopathological analysis of placentas of parturients with SARS-CoV-2
compared to healthy controls.

Methods and materials Between February 2022 and July 2022 we conducted a
prospective case–control study analyzing placental specimens of
parturients with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to specimens of placentas of
healthy controls. Patient history, Covid-19-specific symptoms, and obstetric
outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results During the observation period 71 patients were included with a
gestational age 37 1/7–41 5/7 weeks. Thirty-six patients
presented with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The control group consisted of 35 patients
and showed no placental abnormalities. Among SARS-CoV-2-positive parturients,
66.7% of placentas of the case group showed histopathological
abnormalities classified as vascular or inflammatory abnormalities.
22.2% of placentas showed acute ischemic infarction areas. 8.3%
of placentas showed subchorionic layered thrombi. There was one case of severe
acute subchorionitis. SARS-CoV-2 increased the risk of placental lesions
significantly (OR 3.000, CI 1.890–4.762, p=0.0001). Placental
lesions had no significant impact on perinatal acidosis (OR 0.455, CI
0.044–4.667, p=0.498) or number of cesarean sections (OR 2.314,
CI 0.717–7.473, p=0.156).

Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection during labor and delivery increased the
risk of adverse outcomes. Histopathological analysis indicated that the placenta
as a maternal-fetal interface was affected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to systemic
vasculopathy and inflammation.
A Convergent Approach for the Synthesis of C14–C26 Fragment of Anticancer Drug Eribulin Mesylate
Authors: Pabbaraja Srihari , Nasam Rajesh
Published: November 2023

The stereoselective synthesis of C14–C26 fragment of eribulin is reported in a convergent way by coupling of fragment C14–C19 with fragment C20–C26 that are accessible from commercially available raw materials crotonic acid and 1,4-butanediol. The key steps involved in this practical approach are Hosomi–Sakurai asymmetric alkylation, Maruoka allylation, Noyori reduction, silver-catalyzed one-pot rearrangement, and intramolecular cyclization.
N-Oxide Route to the Marine Natural Product Cyanogramide D
Authors: Lindel Thomas , Sarnes Dustin M. , Struck Valentina , Jones Peter G.
Published: November 2023

The first synthesis of the marine natural product cyano­gramide D is reported. The key step is the acetylation of a β-carboline N-oxide, followed by acetyl migration. Since in this particular case it was not possible to incorporate the styryl side chain by Buchwald coupling, a phenylethanolamine side chain was attached, which was dehydrated with Martin’s sulfurane after assembly of the tetracycle. Pentacyclic products were obtained under Appel conditions. The synthesis will facilitate the exploration of the biomimetic oxidative spirocyclization of cyanogramide D to the spirooxindole cyanogramide.
Association between Removal of High-Frequency Oscillations and the Effect of Epilepsy Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qu Zhichuang , Luo Juan , Chen Xin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yu Sixun , Shu Haifeng
Published: November 2023

Background High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) events that occur within the frequency range of 80 to 500 Hz and consist of at least four distinct oscillations that stand out from the background activity. They can be further classified into “ripples” (80–250 Hz) and “fast ripples” (FR; 250–500 Hz) based on different frequency bands. Studies have indicated that HFOs may serve as important markers for identifying epileptogenic regions and networks in patients with refractory epilepsy. Furthermore, a higher extent of removal of brain regions generating HFOs could potentially lead to improved prognosis. However, the clinical application criteria for HFOs remain controversial, and the results from different research groups exhibit inconsistencies. Given this controversy, the aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to explore the utility of HFOs in predicting postoperative seizure outcomes by examining the prognosis of refractory epilepsy patients with varying ratios of HFO removal.

Methods Prospective and retrospective studies that analyzed HFOs and postoperative seizure outcomes in epilepsy patients who underwent resective surgery were included in the meta-analysis. The patients in these studies were grouped based on the ratio of HFOs removed, resulting in four groups: completely removed FR (C-FR), completely removed ripples (C-Ripples), mostly removed FR (P-FR), and partial ripples removal (P-Ripples). The prognosis of patients within each group was compared to investigate the correlation between the ratio of HFO removal and patient prognosis.

Results A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prognosis of patients in the C-FR group was significantly better than that of patients with incomplete FR removal (odds ratio [OR] = 6.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.10–14.15; p < 0.00001). Similarly, patients in the C-Ripples group had a more favorable prognosis compared with those with incomplete ripples removal (OR = 4.45; 95% CI: 1.33–14.89; p = 0.02). Patients in the P-FR group had better prognosis than those with a majority of FR remaining untouched (OR = 6.23; 95% CI: 2.04–19.06; p = 0.001). In the P-Ripples group, the prognosis of patients with a majority of ripples removed was superior to that of patients with a majority of ripples remaining untouched (OR = 8.14; 95% CI: 2.62–25.33; p = 0.0003).

Conclusions There is a positive correlation between the greater removal of brain regions generating HFOs and more favorable postoperative seizure outcomes. However, further investigations, particularly through clinical trials, are necessary to justify the clinical application of HFOs in guiding epilepsy surgery.