bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction Between the Transport Network and the Territory of Algiers (Complex System): In Search of Indicators
Authors: Baba Slimane Nour El Houda , Baouni Tahar
Published: December 2021

In recent years and within the framework of its project “Algiers the metropolis”, Algiers has classified its transport network among its first concerns in order to compete with the other Mediterranean metropolises. However, the complexity of its territory, which is of a particular geological and geomorphological nature, represents a constraint for the proper distribution and management of its transport network. The complexity of its territory and of its transport network, leads us towards the systemic approach for the search of an adequacy between these two complex urban realities in order to find an effective and efficient tool of management and urban planning. The development of a set of indicators of sustainable mobility, as a result of this work, allowed us to find through an epistemological study of the literature on the two complex concepts to select and develop a list of Input and Output Indicators that are related to both territory and transport. Indeed, this list of sustainable mobility indicators will allow, on the one hand, in urban planning, a better match of the transport network to the Algerian territory and, on the other hand, the study of the effectiveness and efficiency of the present and future transport network.
Using 3D Modeling to Promote Railway Heritage. The Railway Station of Curtea De Argeş Municipality as Case Study
Authors: Merciu Florentina-Cristina , Păunescu C. , Merciu G.-L. , Cioacă A.E.
Published: December 2021

The characteristics of the industrial heritage (antiquity, architectural, cultural, technological value) determined its inscription in the category of historical monuments. In recent years, non-invasive digital technologies have been used in studies focused on documenting, digitizing, preserving elements of industrial heritage. Also, another objective of digitizing the industrial heritage is to facilitate its promotion as a cultural resource among the general public. The purpose of this study is to promote the railway station of Curtea de Argeş through non-invasive technology. The analyzed industrial monument represents a symbolic building of the neo-Romanian architectural style. The building is also associated with a remarkable historical value: the railway station was also used by the Romanian royal family. Based on the use of terrestrial photogrammetry (versatile GNSS RTK GS18 I sensor) and aerial (photogrammetric flight), the authors created the 3D model of the station, obtaining a high-resolution modeling. The results of this study reflect the usefulness of modern technology for documenting, 3D modeling and promoting an industrial monument inscribed on the list of national cultural heritage. The accuracy and optimal performance of the measurements made, using GNSS technology and aerial photogrammetry, allowed highlighting the remarkable architectural and volumetric characteristics of the railway station of Curtea de Argeş Municipality.
Evaluating the Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Recycled Aggregate in Different Curing Conditions
Authors: Noshin Sadaf , Khan M. Adil , Salman M. , Aslam M. Shahzad , Ahmad Haseeb , Rehman Atteq Ur , Kanwal Humaira , Ahmad Abrar
Published: December 2021

In construction industry, demolished construction waste is recently used as reprocessed aggregate to produce environmentally friendly concrete which is a good substitute to normal crush due to increased demand of ecological growth and conservation benefits. Though, the properties of recycled aggregate concrete are smallest as compared to concrete produced from natural aggregate and these properties can be enhanced by adding some materials having cementitious properties. Rice husk ash (RHA) is used as partial replacement of cement in recycled aggregate concrete to improve the properties as well as to conserve the natural resources. The elementary purpose of this investigation is to determine the compressive strength of concrete by the replacement of cement with different percentages of rice husk ash such as 0%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, and 17.5% respectively with different curing conditions. For the experimental program approximate 198 cylinders (18 for rapid curing, 90 for normal water curing and 90 for acid curing) are casted with the mix proportion of 1:2:4 and water to cement ratio of 0.50 whereas curing is done at the ages of 3,7,14,21 and 28 days. Various experiments are performed on fresh and hardened concrete to determine the effects of rice husk ash on recycled aggregate concrete with different curing conditions. Linear regression analysis is carried out to determine the compressive strength of concrete. It is pragmatic from the slump test results that the workability of recycled aggregate concrete is decreased by increasing the quantity of rice husk ash. This reduction in slump is due to high water absorption of recycled aggregates and rice husk ash. Further, the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete with normal and acid curing is decreased by increasing the percentages of rice husk ash. It is also observed that at 28- days of normal water curing for mix M1,M2,M3,M4,M5 and M6 the compressive strength is increased by 0.96%, 2.74% 1.45%,4.50%,4.23% and 4.22% respectively as compared to the compressive strength values at 28 days of acid water curing. Therefore, it is concluded that recycled aggregate concrete with 10 to 12% of rice husk ash is suitable for properties of concrete. The acid water curing has negative impacts on hardened properties of concrete as it reduced the compressive strength of concrete as compared to normal water curing.
Analysis and Routing of Basic Parameters of Tasuj Earthquake (April 2013, Northwest of Iran) with an Emphasis on Geodetic Data, Foreshocks and Large Aftershocks
Authors: Saket A. , Aghda S.M Fatemi , Sadeghi H. , Fahimifar A.
Published: December 2021

In the science of seismology, issues such as the study of tectonic seismic maps and the identification of the behavioural pattern of pre-earthquakes and aftershocks are among the cases that have been proposed as the basis of applied geological studies in recent decades. Accordingly, numerous studies and researches in this field have been carried out in different regions of the world. However, the results of these studies so far have not been able to meet the needs of this field in a practical and practical way, and in this regard, there is a need to provide practical approaches in this field. In order to realize this approach, there is a need for specialized research and case studies in this field in order to be able to present studies on earthquake risk reduction in an institutionalized and practical way by identifying practical patterns. In this study, the basis of the case study, considering the special characteristics of Tasuj earthquake as one of the important earthquakes according to the basic patterns that can be provided in this field for this earthquake has been considered. Also geodetic analysis of Tasuj fault and the other faults studied for estimation of accuracy this analysis for prediction of earthquake. The results of this study indicate that the fault causing the Tasuj earthquake, contrary to what is presented in the fault map of the region and previous reports and articles, is of the strike-slip type, which should be corrected. Also, the analysis of the behavioural pattern of geodetic data, foreshocks and aftershocks as a precursor shows that these patterns can be used in predicting major earthquakes and large aftershocks. To predict the time of large aftershocks in this study, three phases have been used, which are based on changes in depth to magnitude, changes in seismic quiescence to magnitude and depth changes.
Methodology for Increasing the Competences of Housing Managers in Climate Change Issues
Authors: Geipele I. , Kundzina A. , Jansons L.
Published: December 2021

In order to identify the necessary competences and develop the study course programme, within the framework of the EUKI (The European Climate Initiative; Die Europäische Klimaschutzinitiative) project “From Housing Manager to CLImate Manager”, research [1] has been conducted, describing the Latvian residential fund, analysing the principles and activities of multi-apartment residential buildings, as well as identifying and describing the parties involved in shaping the housing policy. Special attention is paid to energy efficiency issues for buildings – looking at Latvia’s potential for climate changes, analysing energy consumption in buildings in relation to energy efficiency requirements, as well as assessing the medium and long-term objectives of buildings in Latvia and the obstacles to achieving them.

In order to clarify more precisely the necessary competences of housing managers for the successful implementation of the residential renovation process, a survey has been carried out for stakeholders in the project. Based on an analysis of the situation and the performed survey results, a methodology has been developed to increase the competences of housing managers in relation to the renovation of residential buildings in order to mitigate climate change.
A Fenomenologia Científica de Bachelard
Authors: Araújo Joaquim Carlos
Published: December 2021

The scientific phenornenology of Bachelard is constituted as an original reflection about the production of the scientific work, in their subjective (the scientist’s Psychology/Psychoanalysis) and objective (the phenomenon while measure) slopes. Inspired for a softer or a soft-headed phenomenology, the French author wanted to reformulate. some concepts and manners of seeing of the German classic phenomenology. Critical of the husserlian phenomenology of the concept of Meinung, Bachelard enrolled his epistemological labor inside of the history of the applied phenomenology to the sciences.

In spite. of, he defends the lost «husserlian purity», independently of the denial of the idealism of the absolute conscience. The main theory is the one of the “Applied Rationalism” to the science and the consequent passing of thc psychologism but, and at the same time, of the mathesis universalis. The “discursive idealism of Bachelard didn’t ignore the specific disparity of the several scientific practices, on the contrary, he examined them the light of what called «phenomenontechnique».
Diagnosis particularities of lung cancer in a young patient without external risk factors – A case report
Authors: Brândaș Cristina-Alexandra , Roșu Raluca Viorica , Pop Carmen Monica
Published: December 2021

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, smoking being the strongest risk factor. We present the case of a non-smoker, a 23-year-old patient, without environmental exposure or personal pathological history, who was hospitalised for dry cough, a unique episode of haemoptysis and low-graded fever. He was admitted with a left basal diminished vesicular murmur, without detectable rales, and normal oxygen saturation. The chest X-ray highlighted left pleural effusion in a medium amount. A chest ultrasound revealed also an adjacent pulmonary consolidation. The cytological examination of the pleural fluid detected the presence of lymphocytes 36%, eosinophils 25%, polymorphonuclear 39% and frequent red blood cells. Angio-computer tomography confirmed the existence of a left hilar tumour formation with a mass effect on the hilar structures, possibly a few tumoral emboli in the lateral and posterior basal segmentary arteries, a lower left lobe consolidation, a left pleural effusion with hydroaeric level, and a left pneumothorax. The patient required a fibre bronchoscopy that showed us a proliferative infiltrative process, stenosis of the left lower bronchia, and extrinsic compression of the left lower lobe and the 6th segment. Infiltration of mucosa at the left basal pyramid was also detected. The histological examination argued for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The particularities of the case consist of the lack of exposure to known risk factors for bronchopulmonary neoplasm and the early appearance of lung cancer and its complications in a young patient.
Who is Guilty?
Authors: Chen Benjamin , Erives Ezra , Fan Leon , Gerovitch Michael , Hsu Jonathan , Khovanova Tanya , Malur Neil , Padaki Ashwin , Polina Nastia , Sun Will , Tan Jacob , The Andrew
Published: December 2021

We discuss a generalization of logic puzzles in which truth-tellers and liars are allowed to deviate from their pattern in case of one particular question: “Are you guilty?”
Life Cycle Carbon Footprint Assessments, Case Study of Malaysian Housing Sector
Authors: Gardezi Syed Shujaa Safdar , Shafiq Nasir , Hassan Ishtiaq , Arshid M. Usman
Published: December 2021

The ever-increasing concentration of Carbon footprint into the environment has drastically changed the climatic conditions. Among many anthropogenic activities, the housing sector remains one of the major contributors. However, a complete assessment of these environmental impacts throughout the life cycle still remains an area of concern. Most of the study does not assess the impacts by each phase of lifecycle. The current work presents a complete approach for carbon footprint assessment including planning, construction, operational, maintenance and dismantling & dispose-off phase. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with boundary limitations of ‘cradle to grave’ was adopted. Thirteen housing units were selected as case study. These included detached, semi-detached and terraced types of construction. Selected units were developed in a virtual environment using Building Information Modeling (BIM). The study observed the average contribution range from 1.48 tons-CO2/yr to 2.85 tons-CO2/yr. On individual basis, the execution phase dominated the five phases with almost 43 %. The operational phase shared 39 % followed by maintenance (15 %), dismantling & dispose-off (1.8 %) and planning at the last (1.5 %). The categorization of environmental impact into embodied and operational carbon footprint observed the embodied part in dominance. A strong positive relationship between the area of housing units and resulting carbon impact was also observed. The work presents one of few environmental studies for a tropical housing sector assessing complete life cycle. The study provides a vital guideline to the designers for ensuring a sustainable environment by assessing and opting less carbon intensive options at early stage of planning and design.
Correction Factors for Determining the Mass Transfer Coefficients
Authors: Štefan Gužela , František Dzianik
Published: December 2021

A number of industrial operations are linked to mass transfer. The mass transfer coefficient value is necessary to know when designing the industrial equipment in which mass transfer occurs. There are various mass transfer coefficients, as well as equations for their calculation. However, the value of these coefficients determined according to these equations often has to be corrected for the given conditions. The aim of the article is to state the conversion relations - the correction factors enabling the calculation of the mass transfer coefficients values corresponding to the given conditions.
Simulation of Pedestrian Detection in Urban Environment
Authors: Lukáš Hanko , Ľuboš Magdolen , Ján Danko , Tomáš Milesich , Peter Križan , Robert Skyrčák
Published: December 2021

Autonomous systems have great potential for future transportation. Even though we have third level autonomous vehicles, that are able to move from place A to place B without drivers’ intervention in present, we have still a long journey ahead to complete autonomy. In this article we are dealing with analysis of potential of autonomous vehicles in city transportation. According to high density of pedestrians in urban traffic it is very important to note autonomous vehicles safety.
Approximate Calculation of the Natural Oscillation Frequency of the Vibrating Table in Inter-Resonance Operation Mode
Authors: Pavlo Maistruk , Oleksii Lanets , Vadym Stupnytskyy
Published: December 2021

The first natural frequency of oscillations of the vibrations of a discrete-continuous interresonant vibrating table plate was found using the functions of the Krylov-Duncan. The continuous member, presented in a plate hinged at four points, is used as a reactive mass with distributed parameters to create an inter-resonance vibrating table with an electromagnetic drive. For this purpose, the plate was considered as a rod on hinged supports. The justification of this approach is confirmed by simulation in the Ansys software. The results were confirmed using the approximate Rayleigh-Ritz method. The geometric shape of the plate is reduced to a section of a hyperboloidal surface. The results of simulation of the first natural frequency were verified experimentally.
Effect of Carbonitriding on Tribomechanical and Corrosion-Resistant Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium 2024 Alloy
Authors: Priya  , Kumar Gupta Manoj , Kumar Patel Vinay
Published: December 2021

Friction stir welding (FSW) is extensively used to join aluminium alloys components in space and aircraft industries. Al 2024 is a heat-treatable aluminium alloy with copper as the primary alloying element which has good strength and fatigue resistance. This paper investigates the effect of carbonitriding surface modification on the hardness, tensile strength and impact strength of FSW welded Al 2024 joints. The friction stir welding was performed on three different sets of aluminium alloy (Al2024:Al2024, Al2024: carbonitrided-Al2024, carbonitrided-Al2024: carbonitrided-Al2024) at two different tool rotation speed (TRS) and two welding speed using cylindrical pin tool. The carbonitriding pre-treatment of Al-2024 alloy demonstrated significant improvement in the tensile strength, percentage elongation, abrasion wear resistance and corrosion resistance with the sacrifice of impact strength. The maximum tensile strength of all three sets of samples after FSW was recorded in descending order of (i) carbonitrided-Al2024:carbonitrided-Al2024 (ii) Al2024:Carbonitrided-Al2024 and (iii) Al2024:Al2024. The friction stir welded joint of carbonitrided aluminium alloy exhibited best abrasive wear resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
The Impact of the 1959 Agreement on the Legal Status of the Nile in the Post-Colonial Period
Authors: Mielnik Barbara
Published: December 2021

The Nile, one of the longest rivers in the world, has not been subjected to a uniform legal regime yet, despite the pressing needs. The hitherto proposals presented by the riparian states of the lower and upper reaches have not been unanimously accepted. Egypt and Sudan face particular difficult situation since the Nile river is their main source of water supply. It is argued that the lack of necessary coordination among all the States in the basin may in the future lead to significant damage and consequences both in terms of access to water and its quality. This short study critically examines past and present initiatives undertaken to solve one of the most controversial aspects of international law in Africa.
NOBLES AND LANDOWNERS OF THE AZOV PROVINCE UNDER PETER I: ON THE ISSUE OF SOCIAL IDENTITY ACCORDING TO MASS SOURCES OF 1710-1723
Authors: Zakharov A. V. , Lyapin D. A.
Published: December 2021

The article actualizes the problem of determining the social identity of the Azov nobility. The authors propose a solution using the analysis of mass sources and the method of biographical comparison of data. The social identity of the nobility is understood by the authors of the article as a set of retrospective identification practices - this is the perception of service people of themselves and each other. The authors believe that various practices of social identification in the past are expressed in the context of research and analysis in modern language, and the description of social identity is semantically a historical reconstruction. For the first time in historiography, the number and official structure of the service people of the Azov province is studied. This topic was studied according to the data of the "General Inspection" held in Moscow in 1721-1723, which was organized by the Senate and Heraldry. Data on the official structure of the nobility of the Azov province were studied according to the "knigi priezdov" and compared with the Landrat census of Shatsky and Yelets counties. The authors studied the social identification of the Azov nobility on the basis of name registration at the "General Inspection" during 1721-1722. The totality of representations by service people of their name and age are analyzed using the typology of self-identification formulas. In the conclusion of the article, the main parameters of the social identification of the "nobility" are highlighted.
Bücherliebe und Weltverachtung - Die Bibliothek des Volkspredigers Heynlin von Stein und ihr Geheimnis
Authors: Scarpatetti Beat von
Published: December 2021

Die Bibliothek des Johannes Heynlins von Stein, die aus der Basler Kartause an die Universitätsbibliothek Basel gelangt ist, fällt als Werkzeug eines strengen Volkspredigers auf, wie es Heynlin zwischen 1473 und 1487 geworden war. Vor allem die vielen Randglossen von seiner Hand sind Ausdruck einer drastischen Lehre der Weltverachtung, die das abendländische Weltverhältnis und die Morallehre zutiefst geprägt hat, auch in der säkularen Form des heutigen fatalen Umgangs mit der Biosphäre. Wie Heynlin zu seiner Bibliothek, die ein Vermögen wert war, gekommen ist, bleibt ein Geheimnis – mit einer möglichen Lösung.
Mit einem Vorwort von Ueli Zahnd.
Students' perspectives on the use of smart devices during problem-based learning sessions: whether it is helping or obstructing the learning
Authors: Boqaeid Abdulaziz , Aldraihem Khaled , Alotaibi Omar , Alageel Ahmed , Aldbas Abdulaziz , Mahzari Moeber
Published: December 2021

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a teaching method that promotes student learning of principles, improves problem-solving abilities, and provides opportunities for working in groups. Use of mobile deviceshas recently increased by undergraduate students to access online information during PBL process.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether using of electronic devices during PBL sessions benefit studentsand tutors or not.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (males and females) from, College ofMedicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS). The participants were selectedusing a non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of fivepoints Likert scale was used.
Results: Out of 231 participants, 74.5% were males, most of them (86%) were undergraduate entry-level studentsfrom fourth year of the medical program. Most of the students thought that electronic devices duringPBL sessions should be made optional (81.6%); however, 75% thought using electronic devices is important,and 72.3% indicated that it enhances group learning. However, 19.3% students perceived a negative impact on group dynamics and 15.3% reported that it decreases the participation level.
Conclusion: Most of students at KSAU-HS preferred the use of electronic devices during PBL sessions. It is recommended to conduct more studies regarding this topic in more than one university at Saudi Arabia and worldwide, due to lack of these studies locally and globally.
Parent awareness of systemic lupus erythematosus in pediatric age groups in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Nemer Ahmed , Alkaabba Abdulaziz , Almuraykhi Razan , Alharbi Yara , Alkharan Hissah , Alhakeem Ruqaiyah , Najee Ghallah
Published: December 2021

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune multisystem chronic disease where the body mistakenly fights itself with wide and variable clinical presentations that affect several organs in the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, and heart. The awareness of the clinical manifestation of SLE is necessary to prevent the delay in making a diagnosis. The present study aims to evaluate the level of awareness of SLE in pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated self-administered questionnaire distributed among parents via an online platform. Questionnaire data were tabulated and coded in MS Excel, and all statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Results: A total of 596 parents were enrolled. The most common age group was 44-52, with females dominating males (78.2% vs. 21.8%). SLE awareness among parents was found to be poor (78.7%). Poor awareness level was prevalent in women than men. Still, the greater awareness was more common among highly educated parents, among those with disease-oriented through online, and those who received disease information from their friends or relatives.
Conclusion: SLE awareness among parents in this study was unsatisfactory. To conclude, healthcare providers should provide more education to parents regarding the management and treatment of SLE in pediatric age groups.
EVALUASI KERUSAKAN PERKERASAN LENTUR DENGAN METODE PCI DAN SDI (STUDI KASUS: JALAN JATISARI, KARAWANG)
Authors: Hermawan Ricky , Tajudin Anissa Noor
Published: December 2021

Large vehicles that repeatedly pass a road cause damage to the pavement of the Jatisari National Road, Karawang. Various pavement damage that occurs such as holes, patches, crocodile skin cracks, groove cracks, sungkur, roadside cracks, and subsidence. Pavement Condition Index (PCI) is a method commonly used to indicate the condition of road pavement, so that it can be known good handling to maintain the pavement. The Surface Distress Index (SDI) method can also be used to indicate the condition of the road surface. With the PCI method, the results of the calculation in the Pamanukan direction are classified as perfect at 78%, very good 14%, good 4% and moderate 4%. while the Cikampek direction is classified as perfect at 74%, very good 12%, good 8%, moderate 4%, and bad 2%. Using the SDI method, good results were obtained for both directions. Based on the results of the analysis, research using the PCI and SDI methods showed different results, because the PCI method observed all the damage that occurred on the pavement, while the SDI method only observed 4 elements of damage, so the results displayed were different. ABSTRAKKendaraan besar yang berulang kali melewati sebuah jalan menyebabkan kerusakan pada perkerasan Jalan Nasional Jatisari, Karawang. Berbagai Kerusakan perkerasan yang terjadi seperti, lubang, tambal, retak kulit buaya, retak alur, sungkur, retak tepi jalan, dan amblas. Pavement Condition Index (PCI) merupakan metode yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukkan kondisi perkerasan jalan, sehingga bisa diketahui penanganan yang baik untuk memelihara perkerasan jalan tersebut. Selain itu, digunakan metode Surface Distress Index (SDI) untuk menunjukkan kondisi permukaan jalan. Dengan Metode PCI, hasil perhitungan pada arah Pamanukan digolongkan sempurna sebesar 78%, sangat baik 14%, baik 4% dan sedang 4%. sedangkan pada arah Cikampek digolongkan sempurna sebesar 74%, sangat baik 12%, baik 8%, sedang 4%, dan buruk 2%. Dengan metode SDI, diperoleh hasil Baik untuk kedua arah jalan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penelitian menggunakan metode PCI dan SDI menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda, dikarenakan dalam metode PCI mengamati semua kerusakan yang terjadi pada perkerasan jalan, sedangkan untuk metode SDI hanya mengamati 4 unsur kerusakan, sehingga hasil yang ditampilkan berbeda.
Efecto de la inclusión de xilanasa en dietas basadas en maíz sobre la producción de pollos de carne
Authors: Castillon Poma David
Published: December 2021

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto que produce la inclusión de xilanasa en dietas basadas en maíz amarillo y con energía metabolizable disminuida sobre la producción de pollos de carne, determinando además la retribución económica de su inclusión en las dietas. Se utilizaron 176 pollos machos Cobb 500 de un día de edad (distribuidos completamente al azar en 4 tratamientos con 4 réplicas de 11 aves cada una), cada grupo fue alimentado ad libitum durante un periodo de 42 días. Las dietas experimentales fueron: T1 - dieta control, T2 - dieta disminuida en 50 kcal/kg de alimento más xilanasa 100 g/ton, T3 - dieta disminuida en 70 kcal/kg de alimento más xilanasa 100 g/ton y T4 - dieta disminuida en 100 kcal/kg de alimento más xilanasa 100 g/ton. Se evaluaron los índices productivos: ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia, mortalidad. Los índices productivos obtenidos presentaron diferencia significativa (P<0.05) por los tratamientos dietarios, la mejor retribución económica del alimento se observó en los pollos alimentados con la dieta del T3.
Experiencias de gestión integrada de cuencas con enfoque agroecológico en la vertiente del Pacífico, Perú
Authors: Dilas-Jiménez Josue Otoniel , Ascurra-Toro Dilma
Published: December 2021

La gestión integrada de un territorio con enfoque de cuencas ha sido desarrollado y promovido desde hace décadas en el mundo, por lo que los países han venido implementando acciones en torno a ello. En el Perú, la Autoridad Nacional de Agua, adscrita el Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, es la entidad rectora a nivel técnico y normativo del Sistema Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, por lo que, en este marco establece los procedimientos para la gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos, interactuando con diversos actores. Sin embargo, la implementación de acciones y planes de gestión integrada de cuencas no es sencillo dada la alta variabilidad del territorio peruano, donde se ha identificado unas 159 unidades hidrográficas, 62 de estas en la vertiente hidrográfica del Pacífico, las cuales en su mayoría de casos son la principal fuente de aprovisionamiento de agua para el riego en la costa peruana, tal es el caso de la cuenca Lurín y la cuenca Topará, en las cuales se han implementado técnicas ancestrales de cosecha de agua así como actividades de producción agrícola y pecuaria con enfoque agroecológico, que pueden replicarse en otros territorios, como buenas prácticas de gestión integrada de cuencas.  
Estabilidad de cepas nativas de Trichoderma conservadas mediante liofilización
Authors: Leiva-Espinoza Santos T. , Hernández Diaz Elgar , Mattos Calderon Luz Leonor
Published: December 2021

En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad de especies del género Trichoderma para mantener sus capacidades reproductivas luego de un procedimiento de liofilización. Durante 90 días se evaluaron la capacidad de producir conidios y la capacidad de germinación de cuatro cepas conservadas a dos temperaturas diferentes y contrastantes entre sí, además de la adición de malto dextrina o agua como agente protector. Luego de 90 días de almacenamiento todas las cepas mostraron altos porcentajes de viabilidad y de producción de esporas.  La mayoría de tratamientos redujo su capacidad de producir esporas, sin embargo, la cepa F20M4 produjo 2.88x107 UFC/g luego de 90 días de almacenamiento, sin variar respecto de la evaluación hecha a los 30 días.  Se evidencia que las esporas conservan mejor su viabilidad al ser conservadas a 28°C, aunque en todos los casos se observaron disminuciones en la viabilidad de las esporas. Solo siete tratamientos obtuvieron más del 80% de viabilidad de esporas luego de 90 días de almacenamiento.
Requerimiento hídrico y edad de trasplante del calabacín (Cucúrbita pepo L.) bajo riego por goteo en el Valle del Rio Guarapiche
Authors: Gil-Marín José Alexander , Cordova-Rodriguez María Ximena
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo se realizó en el sector San Vicente, Municipio Maturín Estado Monagas, Venezuela entre los meses de Junio-Septiembre del 2015, con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de cuatro láminas de riego y dos edades de trasplante sobre las variables físicas de número de frutos, longitud, diámetro y peso del fruto en el cultivar Shiraz de calabacín (Cucurbita pepo L.). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones, con arreglo de parcelas divididas, donde la parcela principal fueron las diferentes láminas de riego y las subparcelas las dos edades de trasplante. Se aplicaron 8 tratamientos que resultaron de la combinación de las edades de trasplante, edad 1 (14 días) y la edad 2 (21 días) y cuatro criterios de riego consistentes en reponer el equivalente al 60%, 80%, 100% y 120% de la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc). Un tanque evaporímetro tipo “A” se utilizó para estimar la evapotranspiración del calabacín. De los resultados obtenidos se concluye que la lámina de riego y la edad de trasplante que más efecto tuvo en la calidad de los frutos de calabacín fue la lámina de 120 % de ETc y la edad de trasplante 2 (21 días). Se confirma el efecto negativo de las condiciones de déficit de riego sobre los atributos de calidad física. En este trabajo las variables más afectadas fueron peso y número de frutos.
Calidad de los derivados lácteos producidos en la Región Amazonas, Perú
Authors: Gonzales-Malca Jhony , Abanto-López María
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de los productos lácteos (queso fresco, queso madurado y yogurt) en cuanto a parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos en seis provincias de la región Amazonas. Se recolectaron 135 muestras: queso fresco (45), queso madurado (46) y yogurt (44), procedentes de 27 plantas de derivados lácteos. Los resultados fueron comparados con los estándares establecidos en la Norma Técnica Peruana para leche y productos lácteos NTP 200.001-2003. Para la evaluación fisicoquímica se determinó potencial de hidrógeno (pH), acidez (g de ácido láctico /g de muestra) y humedad, parámetros químicos (proteína, grasa y energía), parámetros microbiológicos (coliformes totales, coliformes fecales, bacterias aerobias mesófilas viables, Staphylococcus aureus y enterobacterias). Para coliformes y bacterias mesófilas viables los resultados son de tipo cuantitativo, NMP/ml y UFC/ml, respectivamente. En cuanto a Staphylococcus aureus y enterobacterias se consideró la presencia o ausencia. 
Influencia del estrés por déficit hídrico sobre el rendimiento de cultivo de trigo (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Neri Juan C. , Huaman Huaman Eyner , Collazos Silva Roicer , Oliva Manuel , Ix-Balam Manuel Alejandro
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del estrés por déficit hídrico sobre características morfológicas (altura de planta, longitud de hoja y longitud de raíz) y agronómicas (número de granos/espiga, número de espigas/m2 y rendimiento) de trigo (Triticum aestivum). Se evaluaron cuatro regímenes de riego (25 %, 50 %, 75 % y 100 %) y dos variedades de trigo (Gavilán y San Isidro), para lo cual se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial. La siembra se realizó en macetas con sustrato a base de tierra agrícola y humus (3:1), luego de 30 días se aplicaron los regímenes de riego establecidos en base a la ETc y requerimiento de riego del cultivo. Los datos se sometieron al análisis de varianza y la prueba de Duncan (p ≤ 0,05). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. La aplicación de riego al 75 y 100 % del requerimiento permitió alcanzar las mayores alturas de planta con promedios entre 53,37 a 57,44 cm y longitud de hoja con valores entre 11,89 y 11,37 cm. Además, estos tratamientos han mostrado mejor comportamiento agronómico, reportando entre 2500 a 3500 granos/m2 y, por lo tanto, mejores rendimientos (> 120 g/m2). 
The reform of the Bundeswehr and the future of Germany’s peacekeeping activities
Authors: Rustamova Leili Rustamovna
Published: December 2021

The reform of the Bunderwehr has been in the focus of attention of Russian and foreign research since the unification of the country^ when Germany started speaking about its responsibility for peace and political stability. Germany’s army had to not only rearm and optimize military personnel, but also to conceptualize its new role in the world and extend its global representation for the purpose of conflict settlement. However, over the last years, the consideration of problems of the Bundeswehr reforming and development has become especially important due to the fact that the Bundeswehr faces new challenges and threats, including those of a non-military nature. The reforms of Germany’s army, which have been covered in the recent documents aimed at the substantiation of the increased use of the Bundeswehr abroad, reflect the political leaders’ aspiration to make it a more effective instrument of protection against hybrid threats and prevention of conflicts affecting Germany’s security. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reform of the Bundeswehr and their influence on Germany’s peacekeeping activities. The study is based on discourse-analysis and the analysis of the main documents, determining the directions of modernization of Germany’s army, and the documents, regulating peacekeeping activities, official reports of the Ministry of Defense, official reports of the Ministry of Defense, and mass media materials about the state and the problems of the armed forces. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it considers the reform of the Bundeswehr in its close correlation with its peacekeeping profile as the main sphere of using Germany’s army. Based on the analysis of the recent documents, regulating its activities, the author comes to the conclusion that its reforming is aimed at the expansion of peacekeeping activities, while peace-enforcement operations are considered as a last-ditch measure.   
Varsovie - Berlin - Paris au bord d'une nouvelle vague de migration
Authors: Rabiej Stanisław
Published: December 2021

L'objectif de cet article est de montrer les différences et les similitudes existantes dans l'approche de la dynamique de la crise de l'immigration survenant dans les pays du "Triangle de Weimar" après 2015. Les méthodes de recherche suivantes ont été utilisées : descriptive, comparative et analyse des documents et des sources disponibles. Il se compose de trois parties - une introduction à la question, une analyse des problèmes locaux face à la vague d'émigration en France, en Allemagne et en Pologne, une indication des stratégies différenciées face à la crise de l'immigration et son cours après 2015, et dans la conclusion indiquant la possibilité d'appliquer des actions positives envers les nouveaux arrivants en Europe. Il s'ensuit, premièrement, que les États de l'UE doivent abandonner les stéréotypes qui dégradent l'image des émigrants/réfugiés, deuxièmement, que la crise de l'immigration peut en fait contribuer à l'intensification des activités d'intégration dans l'Union, et troisièmement, qu'une politique migratoire commune à l'ensemble de l'Union européenne est nécessaire.
Effect of CD34+ cell dose on neutrophil and platelet engraftment kinetics in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation – A single-centre experience
Authors: Abraham Lydia , Pramod John
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is curative for a number of benign and malignant hematological disorders. CD34 expression on haematopoietic progenitor cells is used to assess stem cell content in peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow grafts. This study evaluated the relationship between numbers of CD34+ cells infused per kg and the timing of neutrophil and platelet engraftment.

Materials and Methods:

The effect of cell dose was studied in consecutive HSCT patients transplanted between November 2008 and December 2017. Neutrophil engraftment was defined as the first of 2 consecutive days with an absolute neutrophil count >0.5 × 109/L and platelet engraftment as unsupported platelet count >20 × 109/L for 7 days.

Results:

Of a total of 131 patients, 26 (19.8%) underwent an autologous SCT, while 105 (80.2%) underwent an allogeneic SCT. The median CD34 dose infused in the auto-SCT group was 5.29 × 106 CD34+cells/kg (IQR = 2.95–10.98) and 6.42 × 106 CD34+cells/kg (IQR = 4.20–9.20) in the allo-SCT group (P = 0.773). The median time to neutrophil engraftment in the auto-SCT group was 11 days (range 9.5–12) and in the allo-SCT group was 15 days (range 13–17), P ≤ 0.001. The median time to platelet engraftment in both groups was similar (12 days). When patients were divided into three groups based on CD34 dose (<5, 5–8 and >8), no difference was observed in the time to ANC or platelet engraftment. Similarly, no differences in time to engraftment were noted in each quartile of CD34 dosage in auto- and allo-SCT.

Conclusion:

Thus, it was concluded that a cell dose of approximately 5 × 106/kg provides reasonably rapid engraftment, with no advantage seen for a higher cell dose of >5.
Effects of a single session of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation primed intermittent theta-burst stimulation on heart rate variability and cortical excitability measures
Authors: Keerthy B. N. , Sreepada Sai Sreevalli Sarma , Naik Shalini S. , Bose Anushree , Hanumegowda Raju , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Sathyaprabha Talakad N. , Udupa Kaviraja
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been used as neuromodulators in neuropsychiatric conditions. This study is aimed to find the effects of a single session of priming cathodal tDCS with intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on heart rate variability (HRV) and cortical excitability parameters before and after perturbation.

Materials and Methods:

The neuromodulatory techniques used in the study were Cathodal tDCS for 20 min followed by iTBS for 3 min on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). HRV variables and TMS parameters were recorded before and after this intervention of combined neuromodulation in 31 healthy volunteers (20 males and 11 females; age range of 19–35 years with Mean ± SD = 24.2 ± 4.7 years).

Results:

The results showed an overall increase in cortical excitability and parasympathetic dominance in healthy volunteers. Other measures of cortical excitability and HRV did not change significantly following single session of combined neuromodulation.

Conclusion:

This study showed that there is an overall increase in cortical excitability and parasympathetic dominance in the cohort of healthy volunteers following a combination of neuromodulation involving cathodal tDCS followed by iTBS over left DLPFC. Future studies exploring the effects of other possible combinations with sham stimulation could be carried out to explore the utility of dual stimulation as add-on therapy in disorders.
Levels of glutathione-related antioxidants in some tissues of stressed Wistar rats
Authors: Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka , Ojieh Anthony Emeka , Aloamaka Chukwuemeka Peter , Igweh John Chukwuka , Onyesom Innocent
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

Oxidative stress (OS)-related pathologic conditions in the tissues of living organism have been linked to exposure to stressful events within the environment. This study examined the impact of different kinds of stress exposure on glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidants. The effect of stress was examined using comparative levels of GSH, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and sixty-eight adult female Wistar rats with body weights ranging between 150 and 200 g, were used for the study. The animals were distributed into 28 groups of six animals each. The experimental animals were routinely exposed to three different stressors; restraint chamber test, mirror chamber test and intruder chamber test for a duration of 1, 3 or 5 h per day for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. All animals were allowed free access to food (rat chaws), with water ad libitum. Animals were euthanise through cervical dislocation after the experimental period and the different target tissues were carefully harvested and homogenised for antioxidant estimation following standard procedure. Data obtained were statistically analysed and values expressed as mean ± standard error of mean and P < 0.05 level was considered as statistically significant.

Results:

Findings from this study elucidated the fact that exposure to stress is capable of causing marked OS and reducing GSH-based antioxidant activities in Wistar rats. A decline in the GSH level and GPx activity as observed in the study is an indication of alterations of kidney and brain tissue cellular integrity by free radicals generated during exposure to the stressors, while the observed significant increase in GST activity level in the affected tissues indicates compromised rapid exhaustion of the cellular system.

Conclusion:

Hence, we conclude that stress of different nature, intensity and duration can alter the levels of GSH-related antioxidants, especially in the kidney, ovary and brain tissues of stressed Wistar rats. The GSH levels in liver tissues were observed not to have changed significantly despite the oxidative damage caused by the stressors.
Behavioural and molecular effects of alcohol in the stress model of zebrafish
Authors: Franco-Restrepo Juan Esteban , Vargas Rafael Antonio Vargas
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

Stress and anxiety disorders are common health problems that have been related to an increase in the likelihood of developing addictions, which have individual and social consequences. Although socially acceptable, alcohol is a substance that can generate dependence and abuse. Alcohol misuse, its relationship with stress and its consequences have been studied; however, multiple limitations are placed on clinical research in humans. In this exploratory work, we analysed the behavioural and molecular effects of joint exposure to ethanol and an unpredictable stress protocol (USP) in adult zebrafish.

Materials and Methods:

Adult zebrafish behaviour was studied employing unpredictable stress and behavioural tests. The tests were performed in stressed and nonstressed animals with and without exposure to known concentrations of alcohol. To evaluate the behaviour, tracking techniques were used on video recordings and parameters such as distance travelled, swimming speed and place preference as well as aggression patterns with mirror proximity tests were measured. In the control and 0.75% alcohol group, the expression of candidate stress-related genes (slc6a4a, slc6a3, comta and bdnf3) was analysed by RT-qPCR.

Results:

The results showed that concentrations of 0.75% alcohol reduced the locomotor activity of the fish, which can be interpreted as an increase in the anxiolytic effect of alcohol under nonstress conditions. Expression of comta, bdnf3 and slc6a3 was reduced in the stress and stress plus 0.75% ethanol groups and expression of slc6a4a was increased in the stress plus 0.75% alcohol group.

Conclusion:

Our exploratory work contributes novel insights about the molecular and behavioural effects of the combination of unpredicted stress and alcohol misuse. The USP and ethanol exposure increase anxiety behaviour and reduce the expression of genes involved in brain homeostasis. Future study of other pharmacological compounds and additional genes will be helpful for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the response to stress and alcohol use.
A case report of fordyce granules with leukoplakia: Ectopia with leukoplakia
Authors: Sundararajan Kavina , Josy Twinkle , Jacob Mathew
Published: December 2021

Leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder that clinically presents as white lesion that cannot be scrapped off. It is associated with the habit of tobacco use, however, other factors have also to shown increase the risk of occurrence. Fordyce granules are not a disease per se but does appear as yellow spots in the oral cavity which can be easily identified clinically. The present article reports an interesting case of a patient with Leukoplakia and Fordyce granules underlying the white patch which was muffled in clinical examination and evident in histological diagnosis.