bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Gravity by Entropy
Authors: Fujino Seiji
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we introduce generalized entropy, acceleration of its entropy and its partial entropy. We assume that generalized entropy can be represented as a second-order polynomial by applying the idea of logistics function to its entropy. Besides, we show that the inverse of partial entropy can represent Newton's gravity, which is an inverse square law. By applying these concepts, we attempt to explain that 1) gravity become constant within small distance with some conditions. It is possible that gravity have 5-states within small enough distance. There exists possible anti-force, which is the opposite of Newton's gravity among 5-states. Furthermore, within small distance, we show the possibility that gravitational potential and Coulomb potential can be treated in the same way, that 2) the rotation speed of the galaxy does not depend on its radius if the radius is within the size level of the universe. (The galaxy rotation curve problem), and that 3) gravitational acceleration toward the center may change at long distance compared to Newton's gravity. We show that it become an expansion of Newton's gravity, and that the possibility of the existence of some constants which controls gravity and the speed of galaxies, and that gravity may relate on entropy. It also describe the relationship between Yukawa-type potential and negative partial entropy. Using equations proposed in this paper, it attempt to compare the ratios of size of the fundamental 4-forces in nature (strong force, electromagnetic force, weak force and gravity). Furthermore, it suggests that there may exists new forces, and that gravitational constant $G$ can fluctuate if entropy changes. Thermodynamics, quantum, gravity, electromagnetic and ecology may be unified through entropy.
The Past, Present, and Future Perspective of Photodynamic Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Honda Shigeru
Published: December 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been approved as a therapeutic modality for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). PDT can treat macular neovascularization with minimal effects on normal tissue; consequently, it became the choice of intervention for nAMD around the year 2000. However, the visual outcomes of PDT are inferior to those of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Thus, PDT is no longer favored, except for the management of some specific phenotypes of nAMD (e.g., polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and pachychoroid neovasculopathy) that are good candidates for PDT. Despite these circumstances, PDT remains an effective treatment modality for several retinal and choroidal diseases and should be considered for further use. This review summarizes the past and present positions of PDT in the field of ophthalmology and discusses the future perspectives on PDT.
Expanding the Diversity of Actinobacteria Tectiviridae: A Novel Genus from Microbacterium
Authors: Washington Jacqueline M , Basta Holly , De Jesus Angela Bryanne , Bendele Madison G , Cresawn Steven G , Ginser Emily K
Published: December 2024

Six novel Microbacterium phages belonging to the Tectiviridae family were isolated using Microbacterium testaceum as a host. Phages MuffinTheCat, Badulia, DesireeRose, Bee17, SCoupsA, and LuzDeMundo were purified from environmental samples by students participating in the SEA-PHAGES program at Alliance University, New York. The phages have linear dsDNA genomes 15,438-15,636bp with 112-120bp inverted terminal repeats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging analysis revealed that the six novel phages have six-sided icosahedral double-layered capsids with an internal lipid membrane that occasionally forms protruding nanotubules. Annotation analysis determined that the novel Microbacterium phages all have 32-34 protein-coding genes and no tRNAs. Like other Tectiviridae, the phage genomes are arranged into two segments and include three highly conserved family genes that encode a DNA polymerase, double jelly-roll major capsid protein, and packaging ATPase. Although the novel bacteriophages have 91.6 to 97.5% nucleotide sequence similarity to each other, they are at most 58% similar to previously characterized Tectiviridae genera. Consequently, these novel Microbacterium phages expand the diversity of the Tectiviridae family, and we propose they form the sixth genus, Zetatectivirus.
Appropriateness of Recommendations Obtained From On-Line Large Language Models using Medical Questionnaires as Input
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Carbonari Valentina , Pedace Elisabetta , Veltri Pierangelo , Vizza Patrizia
Published: December 2024

Individuals seeking prevention and management advice for various chronic and rare diseases often consult multiple information sources, including clinicians and online platforms. Recently, the reliance on traditional internet sources has shifted towards chat-based artificial intelligence models, such as large language models (LLMs). These models are designed to respond to user queries; however, the qualitative appropriateness of their responses, particularly in the context of rare diseases, has not been extensively evaluated. While previous studies have assessed LLMs in specific domains, such as cardiovascular diseases, a comprehensive analysis of their suitability for addressing a broader range of medical topics, including rare diseases, is lacking. In this study, we evaluated the response quality of several LLMs using publicly available questionnaires addressing diverse aspects of disease knowledge. These included instruments such as the DKQ-R (Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire), Rare Disease Knowledge Questionnaire, Heart Disease Knowledge Question- naire (KC), MSKQ-A and MSKQ-B (Musculoskeletal Knowledge Questionnaires), Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and the Questionnaire of Knowledge and Perception Towards COVID-19. Each question from these tools was posed to the online interfaces of selected LLMs, and their responses were systematically recorded. To assess the quality of the generated answers, an expert clinician graded each response as either “appropriate” or “in- appropriate.” Our findings provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of LLMs in delivering accurate, rel- evant, and contextually appropriate medical information, with a particular emphasis on rare diseases. This work highlights the potential role of LLMs in supplementing medical knowledge dissemination while underscoring the need for further refinement and domain-specific training to improve their applicability in healthcare contexts.
Vajravārāhī in Khara Khoto and Prajñāpāramitā in East Java: Connected by Pearl Ornaments
Authors: Pullen Lesley S
Published: December 2024

This research, situated in the geographical and historical context of the Tangut and East Java, uncovers a significant aspect of the evolution of Buddhist art styles. A thangka of the goddess Vajravārāhī found in Khara Khoto, dated to the late 12th century, shows the bodhisattva decorated with a pearl-chain girdle and upper armbands. This form of pearl-chain jewellery, which appears on Vajravārāhī and other Sino-Tibetan style bodhisattvas, also appears on three stone statues of the goddess Prajñāpāramitā in East Java, all of which depict a near identical use of this pearl-chain ornamentation, as well as on a statue of Prajñāpāramitā at the Muara Jambi Buddhist site in Sumatra. Maritime trade between the regions of China and Java was extensive. The commonality of such motifs in China and Java may highlight a convergence of cultural forces and perhaps shared styles originating from the maritime realm and traded via the maritime routes. However, a direct or indirect influence of Sino-Tibetan styles on thangka paintings featuring this depiction of the jewellery perhaps occurred following dynamics of north-south exchange, highlighting the interrelated links along the maritime and overland routes through the Pāla Buddhist kingdom in eastern India. Thus, I propose that the connection between the Vajravārāhī and the other Tibetan thangka paintings was inspired by northeast Indian influence from the Hexi corridor, eventually reaching East Java.
MM-iTransformer: A Multimodal Approach to Economic Time Series Forecasting with Textual Data
Authors: Mou Shangyang , Xue Qiang , Chen Jinhui , Takiguchi Tetsuya , Ariki Yasuo
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a novel multimodal framework for economic time series forecasting, integrating textual information with historical price data to enhance predictive accuracy. The proposed method employs a multi-head attention mechanism to dynamically align textual embeddings with temporal price data, capturing previously unrecognized cross-modal dependencies and enhancing the model’s ability to interpret event-driven market dynamics. This enables the framework to model complex market behaviors in a unified and effective manner. Experimental results across multiple financial datasets, including Forex and gold price datasets, demonstrate that incorporating textual information significantly enhances forecasting accuracy. Compared to models relying solely on historical price data, the proposed framework achieves a substantial reduction in Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss, with improvements of up to 13.64%. This highlights the effectiveness of leveraging textual inputs alongside structured time series data in capturing complex market dynamics and improving predictive performance.
Current Developments in Malaria Vaccination: A Concise Review on Implementation, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Sallam Malik , Al-Khatib Arwa Omar , Al-Mahzoum Kholoud , Abdelaziz Doaa H. , Sallam Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Malaria remains a persistent challenge in global health, disproportionately affecting populations in endemic regions (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa). Despite decades of international collaborative efforts, this parasitic disease continues to claim hundreds of thousands of lives each year, with young children and pregnant women enduring the heaviest burden of malaria. The introduction of pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines (RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M), represents an important milestone in malaria control efforts with promising results from the erythrocytic vaccine RH5.1/Matrix-M in recent clinical trials. However, the approval of these vaccines is accompanied by significant challenges such as the limited efficacy, the complexity of multi-dose regimens, and numerous barriers to widespread implementation in resource-limited settings. This concise review provides an overview of the historical development and current status of malaria vaccines, tracking their milestones from initial scientific breakthroughs to the deployment of first-generation vaccines. The review also examines the complex challenges to broad malaria vaccination coverage, including logistical barriers, healthcare infrastructure effect, financial limitations, malaria vaccine hesitancy, among other obstacles in malaria-endemic regions. Additionally, we explore promising developments in malaria vaccination, such as next-generation candidates (e.g., mRNA-based vaccines), that hold the potential to offer improved efficacy, longer-lasting protection, and greater scalability. Finally, we emphasize the critical need to integrate malaria vaccination efforts with established malaria control interventions (e.g., insecticide-treated bed nets, vector control strategies, and anti-malarial drugs). Based on this review, we concluded that achieving sustained control of malaria morbidity and mortality will require strong global collaboration, sufficient funding, and continuous efforts to address inequities in access and delivery of malaria control measures including the malaria vaccines.
Uncertainty, Risk and Opaque Stock Markets
Authors: Astaíza-Gómez José Gabriel
Published: December 2024

This study examines how uncertainty and global risk affect financial markets in emerging economies, focusing on foreign investment, CDS spreads, exchange rates, and stock return volatility. Using over 8.6 million ticker-transaction observations and structural vector autoregression (VAR) models, the research finds that increases in Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) significantly reduce foreign net buys, more than global market volatility (VIX). While global volatility drives CDS spreads, these spreads influence exchange rates, causing currency depreciation. The findings highlight the interconnectedness of uncertainty, global risk, and market instability, offering insights for managing risks in opaque markets and improving financial stability.
Sexuality of the Elderly: territorial exploration and importance for Primary Health Care in Chile
Authors: Acevedo Ayala Jhonny , Bartolucci Konga Konstanza , Molero Rodríguez Francisca , Vásquez León Marcelo , Espinoza Alarcón Eliana
Published: December 2024

Background: population aging affects the life course of people and their sexuality, which is related to quality of life and sexual satisfaction. The research aims to explore the relevant dimensions of sexuality in older people who participate in territorial organizations related to Primary Health Care in Chile, which allows finding content and deep representations associated with sexual experiences. Methods: for this purpose, 10 focus groups were carried out with people aged 60 years and over, composed of women, men and mixed groups. Results: the results identified 10 dimensions and 42 sub-dimensions related to the sexuality of the elderly and corroborated the importance that this has in the interviewees according to their social contexts. There is a multifactoriality associated with the sexuality of the elderly related to cultural, economic, social, family, psychoemotional, care, rights and gender perspective components, among others. Conclusions: it is concluded that sexuality is an important issue in this life cycle, that they have limitations for a full experience, that it is a human right subject to social discrimination, with restrictions in the assistance and that they are in search of improving sexuality as part of changes in the quality of life.
Characterization and Phospholipase A2 Inhibitory Potential of Guiera senegalensis Leaves Extracts via Experimental and Computational Approaches
Authors: Zayyan Saifullahi Muhammad , Uba Ahmad , Faruq Umar Zaki , Izuagie Thompson
Published: December 2024

Medicinal plants have been used extensively as sources of a wide variety of biologically active compounds for many centuries and as crude materials or pure compounds for treating various disease conditions. The leaves of the plant have been applied in treating snakebite, stomach ache, cough and so on. The plant leaves were extracted with hexane and methanol using the soxhlet extraction process. In this study, leaf extracts of G. senegalensis were profiled and evaluated for their phospholipase A2 inhibitory potential via experimental and computational approaches. Characterization of the extracts was done using GC-MS analysis, Antisnake venom screening was conducted using PLA2 acidimetric assay while Insilco molecular docking studies was performed using AutoDock vina in PyRx and ADMET was predicted using swiiADME and protox-II online servers. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 50 compounds from which 14, 4, 15, 13 and 13 were for hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions respectively. The PLA2 acidimetric assay was used to screen the fractions for inhibitory activity against N. nigricollis venom in vitro. The results showed that the aqueous fraction was the most active, with PLA2 inhibition ranging from 66.18 to 74.67% at 1.0 to 0.125 mg/cm3, respectively. The fractions inhibited the hydrolytic effects of the N. nigricollis PLA2 enzyme, exhibiting considerable (p<0.05) antisnake venom activity. In comparison to the standards, four compounds exhibited a higher docking score (-8.7 to -8.4 kcal/mol). Insilico ADME and Drug-likeness revealed the compounds have passed absorptivity test for oral medication as well as indicating lower likelihood of interacting with other drugs. The results also showed the compounds to be slightly toxic. The results of this study supported the use of G. senegalensis in traditional medicine by demonstrating that its leaves contains phytoconstituents with antisnake properties.
From Pollen to Beebread: Reservoir of Potential Probiotic Yeasts
Authors: Agarbati Alice , Canonico Laura , Gattucci Silvia , Ciani Maurizio , Comitini Francesca
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: in this study, bee pollen, fresh and aged beebread, collected in the central Italy during the spring/summer 2024, were analysed as reservoir of potential new probiotic yeast strains. (2) Methods: culture dependent methods and molecular analyses were used to quantify and identify bacteria, molds and yeasts populations (3) Results: microbiological analyses of pollen showed a clear dominance of molds and bacteria over yeasts in all samples. In mature beebread the presence of lactic acid or other bacterial metabolites preserved the development of molds that were almost absent. As a general abundance, yeasts were about ten times less than bacteria, in particular the osmophilic yeasts were more abundant in pollen. Specifically, four yeast genera were identified in bee pollen, Cryptococcus, Starmerella, Bullera, Microstroma and five in the beebread, Starmerella, Zygosaccharomyces, Metschnikowia, Aureobasidium, Kodamaea and Moniliella. (4) Conclusions: out of 58 assayed yeasts, 9 strains exhibited the ability to resist to gastrointestinal physicochemical condition and 4 possessed all probiotic traits tested, demonstrating the effectiveness of pollen and beebread as natural source for new bioactive and functional yeasts.
Association of a Novel Pathogenic Variant (p.Ile366Asn) in the PLA2G6 Gene with Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy
Authors: Cheema Asma Naseer , Shi Ruyu , Kamboh M. Ilyas
Published: December 2024

A couple presented to the office with an apparently healthy infant for a thorough clinical assessment, as they had previously lost two male children to a neurodegenerative disorder. They also reported the death of a male cousin abroad with the comparable condition. We aimed to evaluate a novel coding pathogenic variant c.1097 T>A, PLA2G6, within the affected family, previously identified in a deceased cousin, but its clinical significance remained undetermined. A 200 bp PCR product of target genome (including codon 366 of PLA2G6) was amplified followed by enzymatic digestion (MboI) and sequencing. Structural pathogenic variant analysis was performed using PyMOL 2.5.4. In RFLP analysis, the mutant-type allele produced a single-band of 200 bp, the wild-type allele manifested as two bands of 112 bp and 88 bp. The pathogenic variant was identified in nine family members, including two heterozygous couples with consanguineous marriages resulting in affected children. It was predicted to be deleterious by multiple bioinformatic tools. The substitution of nonpolar isoleucine with polar asparagine in the ankyrin domain of iPLA2 (Ile366Asn) resulted in missense pathogenic variant (ATC>AAC). A missense variant (p.Ile366Asn) in the PLA2G6 gene is associated with clinically evident infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern, also predicted to be dysfunctional by bioinformatic analyses.
Prevalence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the AOC1 Gene associated with Diamine Oxidase (DAO) Enzyme Deficiency in Healthy Newborns: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Fortes Marin Emma , Carrera Marcolin Lydia , Martí Melero Laia , Tintoré Gazulla María , Beltran Porres Mireia
Published: December 2024

A prospective population-based study was conducted in a sample of 200 healthy newborns aimed to determine the prevalence of diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme deficiency caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants of the AOC1 gene. Genotyping was performed in oral mucosa samples collected around 2 days after birth. The four more frequent SNPs, c.47C>T (rs10156191), c.995C>T (rs1049742), c.1990C>G (rs10449793) and c.691G>T (re2052129) were analyzed. DAO deficiency was present in 132 newborns, with a prevalence of 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] 59-73%). The rs10449793 variant showed a prevalence of 46%, followed by rs10156191 with a prevalence of 42.5%, and rs2052129 with a prevalence of 39.5%. The variant rs1049742) showed the lowest prevalence (9.5%). The frequency of one, two, three, or four SNPs was 23%, 23.5%, 10.5%, and 9%, respectively. In all fours SNPs variants, heterozygous carriers were more frequent than homozygous carriers (19% homozygosity). Differences in the prevalence of DAO deficiency between males (68%, 66/96) and females (63.4%, 66/104) were not found (p = 0.885). The prevalence in Caucasian newborns was 66.5% (123/185) as compared with 60% (9/15) in Latin Americans (p = 0.821). In the general population, there is a high prevalence (66%) of DAO deficiency of genetic origin.
Coping and Adaptive Capacities and Resilience in Disaster Management: A Bibliometric Study of Trends and Patterns in Research
Authors: Ching Wen Ts Kok , Shavarebi Kamran , Maarof Muhammad Izzat , Nga Elsie , Abu Talib Iffah Farhana , Sepasgozar Samad
Published: December 2024

The field of capacities has experienced rapid evolution, exerting influence across various aspects of the global community. This paper aims to identify and assess relevant research on the relationship between capacities and resilience in construction organizations, focusing on how various capacity-building measures influence disaster resilience outcomes and preparedness. A systematic review was conducted, analyzing research papers focused on capacities and resilience published from 1987 to 2023. Through bibliometric analysis, several key characteristics were identified: 1. The primary articles predominantly revolve around resilience through adaptive and coping capacities. 2. Prominent authors primarily explore resilience in capacity building. 3. Emerging trends in resilience and capacities encompass demographic characteristics, climate change, human psychology and behavior towards resilience, ecological resilience, adaptive management, risk assessment, vulnerability, healthcare, and the impact of COVID-19. The findings highlight the pivotal role of capacities in advancing disaster resilience, with studies reporting significant impacts on adaptive strategies and organizational preparedness. By consolidating current knowledge and trends, this paper provides a novel conceptual framework that bridges resilience theory and practice within the construction industry. Its contributions lie in identifying underexplored areas and promoting cross-disciplinary approaches to capacity-building, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. This study is a critical step in fostering innovative research directions and supporting evidence-based strategies to enhance disaster resilience in construction organizations globally.
Establishment and its Utility of a Patient-Derived Cell Xenografts (PDCX) Model with Cryopreserved Cancer Cells from Human Tumor
Authors: Kim Ki Yeon , Lee Ji Min , Lee Eun Ji , Jung Daun , Goh Ah-Ra , Choi Min Chul , Jung Sang Geun , Park Hyun , Hwang Sohyun , Kang Haeyoun , An Hee Jung
Published: December 2024

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are powerful tool in cancer research, offering a more accurate platform for evaluating the cancer treatment efficacy and predicting responsiveness. However, these models necessitate surgical techniques for tumor tissue transplantation and face challenges with non-uniform tumor growth among animals. To address these issues, we attempted to develop a new PDX modeling method using high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), a fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of 29%, that requires personalized research due to its morphological, genetic, and molecular heterogeneity. In this study, we developed a new patient-derived cancer cell xenograft (PDCX) model with high engraftment efficiency (64%) that utilizes primary cancer cells instead of patient tissues. Primary cancer cells can be stably cryopreserved for extended periods (up to 485 days), and when transplanted into animals, they maintain morphological and molecular characteristic without significant genetic differences compared to their original primary tumors. Furthermore, PDCX models can be easily produced using a syringe, allowing for uniform tumor sizes across multiple animals. Additionally, M2 PDCX exhibited significantly faster growth rate compared to M2 PDTX (5.04 vs. 1.85, ****p< 0.0001). Consequently, our PDCX model offers a streamlined approach for the efficacy evaluation of personalized cancer treatments with minimal experimental variability.
Analysis of Protein Inhibitors of Trypsin in Quinoa, Amaranth and Lupine Seeds. Selection and Deep Structure-Function Characterization of the Amaranthus caudatus Species
Authors: Hernández de la Torre Martha , Covaleda-Cortés Giovanni , Montesinos Laura , Covaleda Daniela , Ortiz Juan Camilo , Piñol Jaume , Bautista José M. , Castillo J. Patricio , Reverter David , Avilés Francesc Xavier
Published: December 2024

Protein protease inhibitors are biomolecules with growing biological, biotechnological and biomedical relevance, including those derived from plants. In this work, we compared by Intensity-Fading.Mass Spectrometry (IF-MS) and other approaches the occurrence of strong protein protease inhibitors against trypsin-type enzymes in seeds from plants of quinoa, amaranth and lupine traditionally used in South America. We differentially found that although amaranth seeds have the smaller quantity of aqueous soluble and thermostable protein material, they show the highest level of trypsin inhibitory capability among them. Such property was directly assigned by HPLC, MS/MS and activity measurements of the seed extracts to a single protein form of 7889.1 Da. It appeared identical in two studied amaranth variants, Amaranthus caudatus and A. hybridus, showing in both a Ki of 1.24nM for the canonical bovine trypsin. The high homogeneity and easy scalability found for this protein form, together with the outstanding nutritional quality of its seeds, prompted us to further structurally and functionally analyse it. This form succesfully crystallised with the above enzyme. The 3D structure of the complex, solved at 2.8 Å resolution by X-ray crystallography, displayed the inhibitor and enzyme trapped in a substrate-like transition state mode, unveiling the structure-function basis of the inhibitory and specific interactions. It verified that this trypsin inhibitor can be classified within the potato-I structural family, with its single disulfide constraining the binding loop as a key feature. Cell culture studies showed that the inhibitor addition is not affecting the cell growth capability of distinct plant microbial pathogen models, as diverse bacteria and fungi, or parasite models such as Mycoplasma genitalium and Plasmodium falciparum. Such overall behaviour seems to disfavour a role of the inhibitor as antimicrobial, and in potentially related agricultural/biotech/biomed uses, and suggests the convenience to redirect its functional and applicative research towards insect deterrence.
INTERNAL PANCREATIC FISTULA IN A PATIENT WITH ACUTE DESTRUCTIVE PANCREATITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, LUKASHEW ANDREW D. , KUROCHKIN SERGEY V. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, Kazan, TAGIROV MARAT R. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, Kazan, ZAKIROVA ELVIRA B. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, Kazan, MAKAROV DENIS V. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, Kazan
Published: December 2024

Introduction. A pPancreatic fistula is an abnormal connection of pancreatic ductal epithelium with another
epithelial surface. Pancreatic fistulas may occur as a complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. The incidence of
external and internal fistulas in the outcome of pancreatic necrosis ranges from 5 to 50%. Aim was to present for
discussion a clinical case of a female patient with acute pancreatitis complicated by pseudocysts and an internal pancreatic
fistula, associated with systemic connective tissue diseases, as well as the results of diagnosing and the treatment
options chosen. Material and Methods. A patient with a history of acute pancreatitis and connective tissue diseases.
The article presents the case history, clinical manifestations, examination findings underlying the concept of patient
management, and minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations. Results and Discussion. Diagnostic
measures revealed bilateral hydrothorax, pancreatic pseudocysts (including mediastinal localization), and an internal
pancreatic fistula. Conservative treatment with minimally invasive interventions was chosen. Conclusions. The clinical
case presented illustrates the variability of the late complications of acute pancreatitis; a high therapeutic value of the
conservative treatment of the patient in combination with pancreaticoduodenal stenting; great opportunities of multimodal
instrumental diagnostic methods in identifying in identifying and precisely localizing the internal pancreatic fistula and
assessing the associated pathologies; and the necessity of interrelations across all the diagnostic and clinical services.
HEADACHES IN CHIARI MALFORMATION
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, SAKOVETS TATYANA G. , BOGDANOV ENVER I. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Chiari malformation type 1 is found incidentally in 0.7-1% of children and adolescents undergoing
magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine, and in 0.5% of cases in the adult population. The most common
posterior fossa condition associated with cough headaches is Chiari malformation type 1. This condition results from
a mesodermal defect, leading to a disparity between the sizes of the posterior cranial fossa and the neural structures
it contains. According to the latest international classification of headaches, established by the Committee of the
International Headache Society, cough headaches are categorized into primary and secondary (symptomatic) types.
Primary cough headaches typically have a benign course. In contrast, symptomatic cough headaches are associated
with pathological changes in the bone structure of the posterior cranial fossa and its contents, particularly seen in Chiari
malformation type 1. Aim: To identify the characteristics of headaches in Chiari malformation. Materials and Methods.
Literature analysis was conducted using international databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, as
well as the domestic library system eLibrary. Results and Discussion. Headaches, along with hydrosyringomyelia,
are considered an indication for neurosurgical intervention. However, if we look at headaches as the sole reason for surgery, we must consider their origin. In cases of Chiari malformation, headaches may be linked to migraine or other
primary headache types due to their common occurrence. Cough and stress headaches are specific indicators of Chiari
malformation. In some instances, Chiari malformation type 1 characterized by dislocation of the cerebellar tonsils,
may be a secondary phenomenon resulting from fluctuations in intracranial pressure. This condition can also cause
headaches that stem from the secondary dislocation of the cerebellar tonsils. Consequently, the question of whether
the dislocation of the cerebellar tonsils, accompanied by headaches, is primary or secondary is particularly relevant.
Conclusions. Chiari malformation type 1 is associated with headaches of various types, which can sometimes be
challenging for distinguishing them from primary headaches. This necessitates mandatory neuroimaging and careful
differential diagnosis by neurologists.
ANTIPLASMODIAL AND Β-HEMATIN INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF THE EXTRACT AND SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF NEPHROLEPIS UNDULATA
Authors: AKOSILE Oluwayomi Rebecca , Odediran Samuel Akintunde , BAMIGBOYE Rachael Adebola , ADEBAYO Praise Adetola , ADEBOLU Deborah Abimbola
Published: December 2024

Background: The beta-hematin-inhibitory potential of the extract and the partitioned fractions of Nephrolepis undulata have not been determined, neither the likely constituents responsible for the observed in vivo antiplasmodial activities identified, hence this study.   
Materials and Methods: The methanol extract of N. undulata (MNU), was evaporated in vacuo and subsequently partitioned to give HNU (n hexane), DNU (dichloromethane), ENU (ethyl acetate) and ANU (aqueous phase)  which were investigated  in vivo in mice at 0-800mg/kg against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei using  Peter’s four-day test.  The Beta hematin inhibition assay was carried out on the extract and the fractions as well as Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy for identification of the chemical constituents. Normal saline and chloroquine (10mg/kg) were negative and positive controls, respectively.  All the results were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA with Student Newman Keul’s as post hoc test.
Results: The partitioned fractions elicited comparatively lower percentages chemosuppression/inhibition and higher effective doses/inhibitory IC50 compared to NU in both experiments respectively suggesting that the constituents were acting synergistically. The GC-MS analysis revealed a total of eleven compounds in MNU partitioned into HNU: Neophytadiene, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, N--Hexadecanoic acid, 10 octa decenoic acid methyl ester and Methyl stearate, DNU: 2 ethyl acridine, ENU: Benzoic acid methyl ester and ANU: Benzoic acid methyl ester, 2 ethyl acridine while additional five compounds found in MNU were not detected in any of the fractions.
Conclusion: The constituents of the antimalarial MNU seem to be acting synergistically to inhibit haemozoin formation in the parasite.
Dark patterns: uma nova agenda regulatória para o Brasil?
Authors: Guerra Sérgio , Wienskoski Leticia
Published: December 2024

Due to the harmful potential of dark patterns and international experience, this paper aims to investigate the necessity of including this subject in the Brazilian regulatory agenda. In this purpose, the text will address the damage potential of this practice and map the existing regulatory mechanisms applicable within the Brazilian legal framework, ultimately questioning "why regulate?" In this sense, the methodology employed will be explanatory research through the hypothetico-deductive method, based on bibliographic, legislative, and jurisprudential analysis. The results obtained reveal that dark patterns have extensive harmful potential to consumer rights, privacy, competition, and even the protection of minors. Furthermore, the fact that this type of choice architecture relies on the lack of adequate information availability and individuals' inability to process such information leads to market failures. These findings indicate that this practice undermines market allocative efficiency and fundamental rights, highlighting the need to address this issue within the Brazilian regulatory agenda.
PEMBUATAN DAN PENGUJIAN MESIN PERAJANG TALAS
Authors: Wardianto Dedi , Hafni Hafni , Hadi Perkasa Mego
Published: December 2024

Mesin perajang talas ini akan bekerja ketika motor listrik dihidupkan maka akan berputar kemudian gerak putar dari mesin ditransmisikan ke pulley dengan menggunakan v-belt untuk menggerakkan poros maka piringan tempat pisau akan berputar dan talas siap untuk dirajang. Setelah talas dirajang maka akan keluar melalui corong. Selama ini industri atau produk-produk mesin industri menunjukkan kemampuan yang sangat pesat, baik dari segi volume maupun segi keragaman produk yang dihasilkan. Perkembangan produk tidak hanya di tandai dengan terpenuhnya kepentingan masyarakat akan produk industri baik skala kecil maupun besar, tetapi juga mengarah ke arah ekspor yang akan meningkatkan devisa bagi negara Indonesia. Komonitas pertanian sangatlah banyak salah satunya adalah talas, dikarenakan musim yang cocok dengan wilayah Indonesia. Dengan perkembangan kemajuan teknologi tepat guna dapat ditemukan alat–alat teknologi yang dapat mengolah hasil tani, jadi dibuatkan lah pemikiran bagaimana meningkatkan dan meringankan pekerjaan atau mengolah hasil panen atau mengolah hasil talas ntuk meningkatkan harga jual yang lebih baik lagi. Tujuan penelitian secara umum yaitu untuk mempermudah pengirisan talas bagi pengusaha keripik terutama keripik talas, dan bisa juga dioperasikan untuk pemotongan atau pengirisan seperti tempe, kentang, ubi-ubian, wortel, dll. Adapun tujuan khusus untuk pembuatan alat ini adalah Mengetahui kapasitas alat perajang talas, Mengetahui komponen-komponen yang ada pada alat perajang talas dan Menganalisa hasil potongan alat perajang talas. Dari pembuatan alat dapat diambil kesimpulan Alat perajang talas ini dioperasikan secara semi otomatis dengan menggunakan motor listrik. Metode perajangan mesin ini adalah perajangan tunggal dengan 1 jenis pisau yang memotong talas secara berkesinambungan. Desain mesin perajang talas ini membutuhkan daya dari motor listrik sebesar ¾ HP. Kapasitas efektif alat yang diperoleh mesin perajang talas yaitu 33,3 gr/s.
KAJIAN KELAYAKAN SISTEM PENTANAHAN PADA TRAVO AUXILIARY CONTROL BUILDING PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA AIR (PLTA) SINGKARAK
Authors: Yan Putra Dodi , Asrul Junaidi , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Roswaldi Roswaldi , Julsam Julsam
Published: December 2024

Sistem pentanahan pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) Singkarak menggunakan sistem Pentanahan Grid. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengecekan kembali nilai grounding pada Travo Auxilary Building control PLTA Singkarang, dimana hasil existing pada saat commissioning pada saat pemasangan awal sistem grounding Travo Auxilary didapatkan nilai sebesar 1,22 Ohm. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran kembali untuk melakukan kelayakan nilai pentanahan pada Auxilary building control transformer didapatkan nilai rata-rata pengukuran yang dilakukan dengan ear tester merk Koriyutsu 4106 dengan variabel jarak elektroda bantu 5 meter, didapat 10 meter nilai pentanahan pada travo 1 Auxilary Building 1 sebesar 1,2 Ohm dan juga pada travo 2 Auxilary building control diperoleh nilai pentanahan sebesar 1,2 Ohm sedangkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai pentanahan dengan menghitung metode Grid diperoleh nilai pentanahan sebesar 0,26 Ohm. Maka dari hasil pengukuran dan perhitungan diperoleh selisih sebesar 0,94 Ohm. Dari hasil pengukuran dan juga perhitungan, grounding transformator kontrol gedung bantu masih dalam kondisi sangat baik sesuai SPLN T5.012. tahun 2020 dan PUIL 2011.
PERFORMANSI ALAT PENGASAPAN IKAN DENGAN SISTEM ROTARI HORIZONTAL
Authors: Perdana Mastariyanto , Hafni Hafni , Yulianti Lusi , Romi Romi , Alfith Alfith , Pratiwi Putri , Nurzal Nurzal
Published: December 2024

Salah satu teknik pengawetan ikan yang sangat banyak dimanfaatkan pada saat ini adalah teknik pengasapan. Pada umumnya proses pengasapan ikan masih secara tradisional dan menggunakan oven konvensional. Metode tersebut merupakan cara yang mudah untuk melakukan pengasapan ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi alat pengasapan ikan dengan menggunakan sistem rotari horizontal. Alat pengasapan ikan ini terdiri dari ruang pengasapan, tungku pembakaran, dudukan lele sistem rotari, motor DC, roda gigi, dan rantai. Kapasitas alat pengasapan ikan system rotari ini adalah 9 kg ikan basah. Ikan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ikan lele dan ikan cakalang. Pengasapan ini menggunakan hasil dari pembakaran kayu kulit manis. Kayu kulit manis akan menghasilkan asap yang berguna untuk pengasapan ikan. Berat ikan basah dalam satu kali pengasapan pada penelitian ini adalah 8 Kg. Metode pengasapan mempunyai standar perbandingan berat ikan basah dan berat ikan kering sebesar 4:1. Untuk pengasapan ikan lele, setelah dilakukan pengasapan selama 2 jam dengan temperatur 80 oC – 90 oC, berat ikan lele menjadi 2 kg. Untuk pengasapan ikan cakalang, setelah dilakukan pengasapan selama 2,5 jam dengan temperatur 80 oC – 90 oC, berat ikan cakalang menjadi 2 kg.  Dari hasil pengujian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa alat pengasapan ikan dengan sistem rotari sangat bagus untuk digunakan sebagai alat pengasapan ikan karena memiliki efisiensi yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan alat tradisional seperti oven dimana metode pengasapan tradisional membutuhkan waktu selama 36 jam dan metode pengasapan sistem oven membutuhkan waktu selama 12 jam.
PENGGUNAAN PASIR SILIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN PAVING BLOCK
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati , Fakhri Jovari Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan pasir silika sebagai bahan pembuatan paving block. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai kuat tekan dan penyerapan air paving block dari penggunaan pasir silika sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian pasir dalam pembuatan paving block.   Bahan campuran pembutan paving block digunakan perbandingan 1 bagian semen dan 3 bagian pasir, dengan variasi penggunaan pasir silika adalah 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%.  Pembuatan benda uji paving block dilakukan secara manual dengan ukuran cetakan 21 cm x 10,5 cm x 6 cm.  Pengujian kuat tekan dan penyerapan air paving block dilakukan pada umur 28 hari.  Hasil penelitian pembuatan benda uji paving block dengan menggunakan pasir diperoleh kuat tekan rata-rata sebesar 8,81 MPa dan penyerapan air rata-rata sebesar 15%, dengan menggunakan pasir silika 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% diperoleh kuat tekan rata-rata berturut-turut sebesar 9,56 MPa, 11 MPa, 13,5 MPa, 14,94 MPa, dan penyerapan air rata-rata berturut-turut sebesar 13%, 10,1%, 9,5%, 9,2%.  Dengan demikian penggunaan pasir silika sebagai pengganti pasir dalam pembuatan paving block dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan dan menurunkan penyerapan air paving block.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT RECOVERY WHEEL FOR TROPICAL CLIMATE
Authors: Rachman Arfidian , Yuana Dewi Rachman Arfita , Effendi Asnal , Nesti Lisa
Published: December 2024

Makalah ini menyajikan analisis eksperimental untuk menguji desain yang mengintegrasikan mekanisme roda pemulihan panas aktif ke dalam penangkap angin. Pemulihan panas roda termal dimasukkan ke dalam saluran penangkap angin dari sistem yang diusulkan. Eksperimen dilakukan untuk menguji bagaimana mekanisme pemulihan panas mempengaruhi kinerja penangkap angin, kemampuan sistem untuk menyediakan laju udara segar yang diperlukan. Model ruang ujian berukuran 4x4x3 meter diintegrasikan dengan model windcatcher. Tingkat ventilasi yang cukup bahkan dengan roda pemulihan panas yang berputar terhalang. Pemulihan aktif ini berpotensi mengurangi kebutuhan sistem pemanas ruangan secara memadai selain menyediakan ventilasi. Panas dalam aliran udara buang ditangkap dan dipindahkan ke aliran udara masuk, sehingga meningkatkan suhu antara 7-9 oC tergantung pada kondisi dalam/luar ruangan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak usaha untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut dari ide tersebut, sehingga memungkinkan pengujian dan karakteristik perpindahan panas sistem dalam skala yang lebih besar.
PENINGKATAN AKURASI PENGAMBILAN FOTOGRAMETRI DENGAN JALUR TERBANG AUTOPILOT HEXACOPTER
Authors: Al Al , Fajrin Fajrin , Karim Abdul
Published: December 2024

Pemanfaatan Hexacopter merupakan salah satu metode untuk pemetaan dengan skala besar yang dilakukan secara lebih cepat dan efisien, memungkinkan penghematan waktu dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode survei konvensional. Dengan dukungan GPS/GLONAS, pengambilan data pemetaan menjadi lebih mudah dan aman, melalui perancangan jalur terbang menggunakan perangkat lunak yang kompatibel. Tingkat keselamatan penerbangan Hexacopter di dunia nyata sangat penting, terutama dalam situasi pertemuan dekat dengan pesawat lainnya. Dalam suatu pekerjaan fotogrametri memerlukan suatu rencana jalur terbang agar foto yang di hasilkan mempunyai kualitas yang baik. Untuk mendapatkan jalur terbang dan memudahkan identifikasi serta dapat memperoleh data yang lebih akurat maka perlu didesain jalur terbang menggunakan autopilot dan mengatur parameter kendali kecepatan pesawat yang optimal. Dengan demikian diharapkan stabilitas dan efisiensi misi terbang fotograametri dapat dicapai. Untuk mengevaluasi keakuratan sistem pemetaan pencitraan Hexacopter, penerbangan dilakukan secara independen dengan kamera RGB diterbangkan di lokasi pengujian. Misi penerbangan dan akuisisi data direncanakan di laboratorium mulai dari area of interest (AOI), Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) dan mengetahui parameter intrinsik dari kamera digital yang dipasang. Dengan menetapkan skala gambar dan panjang fokus kamera, ketinggian terbang. Pusat perspektif kamera (nadir) dihitung untuk memperbaiki garis-garis yang tumpang tindih memanjang dan transversal, sementara keberadaan GNSS/IMU di dalamnya biasanya dimanfaatkan untuk memandu perolehan gambar. Hasil pengujian produk menghasilkan GSD masing masing penerbangan berada di bawah 1 cm/pixel.kamera (nadir) dihitung untuk memperbaiki garis-garis yang tumpang tindih memanjang dan transversal, sementara keberadaan GNSS/IMU di dalamnya biasanya dimanfaatkan untuk memandu perolehan gambar. Hasil pengujian produk menghasilkan GSD masing masing penerbangan berada di bawah 1 cm/pixel.
COMPOSITION OF MAFIC ROCK-FORMING MINERALS IN THE ROCKS OF THE BURPALA ALKALINE MASSIF (Northern Baikal area)
Authors: Malyutina A.V. , Doroshkevich A.G. , Starikova A.E. , Izbrodin I.A. , Prokop’ev I.R. , Radomskaya T.A. , Kruk M.N.
Published: December 2024

Petrographic and mineralogical studies have been carried out for major varieties of rocks composing the Burpalа massif: peralkaline (nepheline), alkali, and quartz syenites. The emphasis was put on the major and trace element composition of mafic minerals present in all types of rocks: clinopyroxenes, micas, and amphiboles. The studies have shown that the compositions of mafic minerals fractionate within each group of rocks but do not form a single trend of evolution in the groups of peralkaline, alkali, and quartz syenites. This suggests the formation of the massif under pulsed intrusion of variably differentiated magma, the contamination of the first portion of magma, and the subsequent formation of quartz syenites.
Dinámicas demográficas de la población rural cubana: desigualdades territoriales en el periodo 2006-2021
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Mercedes de los Ángeles , González-Herrera Manuel Ramón , Santana-Rivero Cecilia
Published: December 2024

Las zonas rurales en Cuba muestran una tendencia creciente al despoblamiento con un diferenciado comportamiento histórico-territorial. Este artículo tiene como objetivo interpretar las dinámicas demográficas de la población rural cubana en un contexto de desigualdades territoriales comprendido entre 2006-2021. El diseño metodológico se fundamentó en el enfoque crítico-interpretativo de la producción científica antecedente y de diferentes bases de datos oficiales publicadas en Cuba. Se realizaron análisis de estadística descriptiva y un análisis de conglomerados (software SPSS), así como el análisis espacial y representación cartográfica utilizando el software ArcGIS. Como resultado se comprueban profundas transformaciones en las dinámicas demográficas de Cuba con marcadas brechas entre las zonas rurales y urbanas, se reconocen importantes cambios poblacionales en sus municipios, así como una fuerte movilidad interna en el periodo de 2006 al 2021 con significativas desigualdades; y se establecen cuatro grupos de entidades administrativas explicativas de la diferenciación territorial cubana. Se concluye enfatizando que los principales hallazgos de la investigación demuestran las complejas dinámicas demográficas de la población rural cubana, lo cual debe servir como base para la toma de decisiones que permitan revertir esta compleja problemática.