bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact de l’euthanasie pour dépression dans le débat sur la fatigue de vivre
Authors: Le Glaz Aziliz , Walter Michel , Gentric Armelle , Griner-Abraham Véronique
Published: June 2021

La Belgique dépénalise l’euthanasie pour souffrance psychique constante et insupportable résultant d’une pathologie psychiatrique mais pas pour « fatigue de vivre ». Sur le plan clinique, dépression et fatigue de vivre peuvent parfois se confondre. La dépression pourrait venir justifier, de façon plus ou moins consciente, des demandes d’euthanasie des personnes exprimant une « fatigue de vivre ». Que penser de ces demandes de mort dont on perçoit qu’elles viennent davantage signifier une impossibilité de « vivre ainsi » ? En donnant l’illusion d’une mort maîtrisée et d’une autonomie décisionnelle préservée, l’euthanasie pourrait être perçue par la personne âgée comme un rempart contre sa propre vulnérabilité. Reconnaître la fatigue de vivre comme trouble mental spécifique lié à l’âge pourrait asseoir son caractère pathologique et faciliter l’acceptation de ces demandes. Cette situation relève d’un questionnement éthique dans lequel le soignant va osciller entre éthique de conviction et éthique de responsabilité et ainsi être renvoyé à sa propre vulnérabilité.
Les ambivalences de Montaigne sur la fin de la vie : une leçon encore salutaire
Authors: Quentin Bertrand
Published: June 2021

Peut-on discerner au sein de la vie humaine des périodes délimitées que chaque individu traverserait à son tour et en particulier une période appelée « vieillesse » ? Dans cet article, Montaigne va nous permettre de matérialiser une conception de la fin de la vie qui relaie cette tentation d’une objectivation biologique des âges. Ce qui va rendre l’usage de Montaigne particulièrement éclairant pour notre temps, ce sont ses revirements conceptuels. Il se rend compte, entre le début et la fin de l’écriture des Essais, que l’objectivation biologique d’une fin de la vie ne convient pas à l’homme. Nous renforcerons alors cette intuition du « dernier Montaigne » par les analyses convergentes de philosophes plus proches de notre époque : Heidegger, Jankélévitch, Ricœur ou Higgins. Notre objectif est ici de réaffirmer l’absence de robustesse d’un concept objectif et biologique de la fin de la vie et d’être vigilants face à des catégories qui ne seraient que des construits sociaux, afin de laisser sa respiration au sujet singulier. À « l’extrémité » de la vie, même si la société française a accepté que la médecine ose définir ses bornes temporelles caractérisant un malade comme « en fin de vie », il faudra garder à l’esprit que tout homme reste « vivant jusqu’à la mort ».
Aide à l’évaluation et à la prescription lors de la conception de gérontechnologies
Authors: Aissaoui Djamel , Barcenilla Javier
Published: June 2021

La révolution numérique permet aujourd’hui de produire des technologies qui deviennent « aidantes, assistantes et thérapeutiques » et qui peuvent alors être consacrées aux besoins spécifiques du vieillissement. Cependant, en raison de la diversité des handicaps des personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie, il faut diagnostiquer leurs besoins, leurs attentes, leurs capacités ou leurs compétences afin de leur fournir des dispositifs dotés des fonctions et des usages les mieux adaptés. En outre, ces dispositifs doivent être évalués pour déterminer leur potentiel, leur efficacité réelle et leur utilisabilité. Ce document examine, d’une part, comment choisir la meilleure adéquation entre une technologie de santé et les déficits liés à l’âge, et d’autre part, comment évaluer les résultats de cette adéquation. Dans ce contexte, nous utiliserons un outil et une méthodologie nommés « Design for Adapted Devices » (i.e. DAD). DAD tente de développer des systèmes adaptables basés sur le diagnostic complet des déficits et des besoins humains en tenant compte de plusieurs dimensions de la diversité des utilisateurs comme les besoins et les capacités (e.g. les capacités motrices, cognitives, etc.), et les déficits qui « modulent les performances » (e.g. le soutien social, l’expérience, les stratégies, etc.). DAD fournit des données prospectives pour définir les futures technologies d’aide et apporte des informations sur l’évaluation de ces dernières.
La théorie de l’effectuation
Authors: Billion Julien , Doussard Claire , Dalmas Michel
Published: June 2021

L’entrepreneuriat pourrait constituer une solution pour réduire le chômage des jeunes sans domicile. En 2001, Sarasvathy introduit le concept de théorie de l’effectuation lequel gagne de l’importance en sciences de gestion jusqu’à devenir un concept théorique central en entrepreneuriat, un nouveau courant de recherche en sciences de gestion. La théorie de l’effectuation s’inscrit jusqu’à ce jour dans l’existence de cinq principes qui servent de méthodologie de recherche pour répondre aux questions posées dans le cas: ressources disponibles, pertes acceptables, partenariats stratégiques, exploitation des contingences, et contrôle non-prédictif du futur. Cette théorie est originale, en rupture avec les façons de penser les démarches entrepreneuriales et managériales. Elle démontre notamment l’intérêt de procéder à la création d’une entreprise sans business plan. Elle est centrée également sur l’entrepreneur et non l’entreprise. Le cas de l’entreprise Fly me up permet d’explorer comment cette théorie peut être potentiellement mise en pratique pour aider des jeunes sans domicile.
Entrepreneuriat et effectuation
Authors: Billion Julien , Doussard Claire , Dalmas Michel
Published: June 2021

L’environnement d’aide est diversifié en faveur des jeunes sans domicile, qui entrent dans la catégorie des jeunes en difficulté. Il n’existe pas d’aide exclusive à proprement parler pour les jeunes sans domicile. Les associations accompagnent les jeunes quelles que soient leurs difficultés. L’insertion des jeunes en difficultés éloignés de l’emploi relève des structures d’insertion par l’activité économique (SIAE). Les SIAE prennent quatre formes : ateliers et chantiers d’insertion, association intermédiaire, entreprise d’insertion, et entreprise de travail temporaire d’insertion. Les solutions proposées semblent s’adapter, dans une certaine mesure, à chaque jeune, selon sa situation, ses difficultés. Toutefois, des jeunes sans domicile ne passent pas les SIAE pour travailler. Vous êtes étudiant-entrepreneur et vous voulez aider Marie à réaliser son projet de création d’entreprise “Fly me up” en faveur des jeunes sans domicile. Comment pouvez-vous l’aider?
As cores, cá fora e lá dentro
Authors: Gama Mota Paulo
Published: June 2021

Notre perception des couleurs est à la fois magnifique et énigmatique. C’est pourquoi, en philosophie, elle a constitué un point important de discussion sur le réel. Les objets n’ont pas de couleur par eux-mêmes. Ils ne font que refléter la radiation électromagnétique, ce qui ne se traduit pas en couleurs. L’état de nos connaissances sur le fonctionnement des yeux révèle que la couleur est une construction intérieure, qui se passe dans le cerveau de celui qui perçoit. De nombreux organismes n’ont pas de vision des couleurs parce que leurs yeux ne possèdent pas de cellules appropriées. D’un autre côté, les insectes voient l’ultra-violet et les poissons et les oiseaux voient plus de couleurs que nous, ce qui rend notre vision des couleurs un cas nullement particulier. C’est le cerveau qui intervient de manière essentielle dans la vision des couleurs. En effet un même objet a une couleur différente à la lumière de midi, en fin d’après-midi ou le soir. Ce qui ne nous empêche pas de percevoir l’objet comme ayant toujours la même couleur. Cette correction, qui garantit une persistance de la couleur dans des conditions si variées, est essentielle à l’identification de l’objet et constitue une des merveilles de l’adaptation visuelle du cerveau.
Une texture secrétant la couleur : Proust
Authors: Vago Davide
Published: June 2021

L’énigme de la couleur en littérature demande d’analyser une texture complexe, les mentions de couleur faisant écho à des configurations stylistiques plus vastes. À travers l’analyse d’une description de Proust, l’article approfondit les fonctions visuelles et poétiques des nuances d’un texte. La couleur littéraire se situe à la jonction d’une esthétique et de la pratique originale d’un écrivain.
Les couleurs secrètes d’Orphée
Authors: Vieuille Marie-Françoise
Published: June 2021

Avec l’ Euridice de Jacopo Peri (1600), puis L’ Orfeo de Monteverdi (1607), le genre opéra prend naissance. Le mythe d’Orphée inspirera, surtout aux xvii e et xviii e  siècles, un très grand nombre de compositeurs qui déploieront, à travers le chantre de Thrace et sa descente aux enfers, la palette riche et secrète des couleurs vocales, captatrices du mystère humain et de l’indicible. En ce sens, l’Orphée lyrique est la métaphore la plus féconde de l’opéra et de sa créativité inépuisable.
« Taisez cette couleur que je ne saurais voir » : l’occultation du racisme
Authors: Semedo Luísa
Published: June 2021

« Je ne vois pas de couleurs » apparaît aujourd’hui comme une posture morale amplement mobilisée lorsque l’on est confronté à la question du racisme. Des individus aux convictions si diverses qui vont de la gauche jusqu’à l’extrême-droite affirment leur aveuglement face à la couleur pour défendre leur bonne réputation humaniste. Cela pose le problème de la prise en compte de l’importance historique, sociale et politique de la couleur qui a, encore à présent, des effets réels sur la vie des personnes racisées. Julien Bond le résume dans une formule synthétique : « Être aveugle à la couleur, c’est être aveugle aux conséquences de la couleur ». Cette panique morale qui consiste à nier la couleur emporte avec elle la reconnaissance de la question raciale. Reconnaître la couleur des autres oblige aussi à reconnaître celle qui est la sienne dans une société racialement hiérarchisée et à renoncer à une position privilégiée d’individu universel et objectif.
A cor na página: representações raciais na Banda Desenhada portuguesa
Authors: Cunha Luís , Cabecinhas Rosa
Published: June 2021

Fréquemment dévalorisée parce que destinée en priorité à un public juvénile et en raison du ton détaché qui l’a définie à ses débuts, la bd semble condamnée à jouer un rôle mineur dans les débats autour des processus culturels par rapport auxquels se définit le sens hégémonique du monde. Cette minimisation symbolique et pratique d’un vaste univers de significations a laissé dans l’ombre des modalités importantes de renforcement, de réitération ainsi que de critique des représentations sociales stéréotypées, notamment en ce qui concerne les identités ethniques et de genre. Les auteurs centrent leur article sur un exemple concret : les albums de la série Jim del Monaco , et cherchent à voir si les références, franchement stéréotypées auxquelles elle recourt, sont neutralisées par le vecteur humoristique, ou si, au contraire, elles engendrent de l’ambiguïté et nécessitent une analyse intersectionnelle et déconstructiviste.
Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) promising candidates as animal feed ingredients
Authors: Prado e Castro C. , Ameixa O.M.C.C.
Published: June 2021

Insects are efficient converters of different types of low-quality organic matter into biomass rich in good quality protein. Flies are particularly well suited for the biodegradation of organic waste and larval stages can be used as animal feed. Currently, onlyHermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) andMusca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) are accepted for feeding purposes by European authorities. However, there are several other species potentially interesting to be used in animal feed. This review compiles available information regarding species from Calliphoridae family, ranging from scattered records of its use as animal feed to nutritional profile descriptions. Comparisons are made with the most common ingredients used as animal feed, fish meal and soybean meal as well as with other two authorised species by the European regulation,H. illucens andM. domestica. Concerns about pathogen transmission are also discussed. Blow flies present a real opportunity to recycle organic side streams under a circular economy framework and can ultimately contribute to the reduction of nutrients shortage in animal feed. Other advantages include their high fertility, short life cycle, known rearing methodologies and good nutritional profile. Further, their potential as pathogen transmitters is equivalent to the domestic fly. For all these reasons blow flies are good candidates to be used as ingredients in animal feed.
Local well-posedness in Sobolev spaces for first-order barotropic causal relativistic viscous hydrodynamics
Authors: Bemfica Fabio S. , Disconzi Marcelo M. , Graber P. Jameson
Published: June 2021

We study the theory of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics introduced in [14, 58], which provided a causal and stable first-order theory of relativistic fluids with viscosity in the case of barotropic fluids. The local well-posedness of its equations of motion has been previously established in Gevrey spaces. Here, we improve this result by proving local well-posedness in Sobolev spaces.
Mechanism of Fracture in Pre-Cracked Single-Edged Notched Bars With AI2O3-TiO2 and WC-CO Coatings
Authors: Arun K. V. , Manjula S.
Published: June 2021

Experimental analysis is made to investigate the most significant fracture characterizing parameters in plasma sprayed substrate-coating composite. The experiments were conducted on the single edge notched bars (SENB) made with 7075 series aluminum alloy, with plasma sprayed Al2O3-TiO2 and WC-Co top coats. The pre-cracked bars were fractured in computerized universal testing machine in controlled conditions. The material has been tested under age-hardened and coated conditions also. The results have revealed that the age hardening and type of coating have a much influence on strain energy release rate. The experimental results have shown that WC-Co coated normal materials possess higher strength whereas uncoated normal materials possess lower strength. It is also found that Al2O3-TiO2 coated material possess better coating bond strength and moderate load bearing capacity. The SEM fractographic analysis has been made to analyze the fracture behavior as a function of coating type and the material conditions.
Failure Mechanism and Energy Absorption of Foam Filled Hybrid Aluminum-Glass/Epoxy Tubes under Three-Point Bending
Authors: Khalid Asad A.
Published: June 2021

Experimental work has been performed on the behaviour of glass/epoxy, aluminum, and aluminum-glass/epoxy empty and polyurethane foam filled tubes subjected to three-point bending. Tubes were of circular and square cross section area. Hand layup method was used to fabricate the tubes. Each tube is made of six layers. Inner diameter and total length of the tubes were 50 mm and 250 mm respectively. Bending load-displacement response, crush force efficiency, and absorbed energy were drawn and discussed. Effect of foam filler, material of the tube and stacking sequence on the maximum bending load was investigated. Energy absorption was determined and discussed. failure mode was investigated. It has been found that the polyurethane foam filler increased the maximum bending load and the energy absorption of the circular and square cross section area tubes. Using hybrid aluminum-glass/ epoxy enhanced the bending load and absorbed energy of the aluminum tubes. Cracks were observed at the upper and lower surfaces at the centre of the glass/epoxy tubes. While the aluminum tubes deformed significantly with either no cracking or with one crack appeared at the centre of the top surface of the tube.
Simulation of Multilayer Nanosystems Interface Formation Process for Spintronics
Authors: Vakhrushev Aleksander , Fedotov Alexey , Sidorenko Anatolie
Published: June 2021

Modeling the processes of forming contact regions (interface) of the multilayer niobium-cobalt nanosystem is carried out. The morphology and composition of a multilayer nanosystem interface is investigated. The layer boundaries morphology is shown to depend on the deposition substrate temperature and, largely, is determined by preparing the surface for deposition. The work considers the deposition surface modification by removing its defects. Simulation showed that surface preparation significantly affects the morphology and composition of a multilayer nanosystem interface, depending on the type of deposited atoms and atoms forming the deposition surface.
Chloride Ingress Control and Promotion of Internal Curing in Concrete Using Superabsorbent Polymer
Authors: Melendres Ariel Verzosa , Cruz Napoleon Solo Dela , Monsada Araceli Magsino , Cruz Rolan Pepito Vera
Published: June 2021

Chloride ingress into concrete from the surrounding environment can result in the corrosion of the embedded steel reinforcement and cause damage to the concrete. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) with fine particle size was incorporated into the structure of concrete for controlling the chloride ingress and improving its compressive strength via promotion of internal curing. The SAP used in this study was evaluated for its absorbency property when exposed to cementitious environment such as aqueous solution of Ca (OH)2 and cement slurry. The results were compared to that in sodium chloride solution, the environment where absorbency of most of the SAP found in the market are well studied. Results showed that although SAP absorbency decreased with increasing concentration of Ca (OH)2 and cement, the results suggest that water containing cementitious materials are able to be absorbed by SAP. Chloride ingress into 28-day cured concrete specimens were determined using Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) method employing 60V DC driving force. Concrete samples with size of 50 mm height x 100 mm diameter were prepared using a M25 mix design with 0.4 and 0.45 water to cement ratios and different percentages of SAP such as 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% with respect to cement mass. Results showed that concrete with 0.15% SAP gave the best result with 14% less chloride permeability than concrete with no SAP for a 0.4 water to cement ratio. Concrete samples for compressive strength tests with size of 200 mm height x 100 mm diameter were prepared using the same mix design and percentages of SAP and cured for 28 days. Results showed that the best results for compressive strength was found at 0.1% SAP at a 0.4 water to cement ratio which can be attributed to internal curing provided by SAP.
Anthropometric evaluation for surgical feasibility of C1–C2 transarticular screw stabilization in Indian population
Authors: Raut Saijyot , Kundnani Vishal G. , Meena Mohit Kumar , Patel Jwalant Y. , Asati Sanjeev , Patel Ankit
Published: June 2021

Study Design:

This study was a radiographic observational study for C1–C2 anthropometry.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to understand the anatomic relationship of C1–C2 in view of transarticular screw (TAS) fixation, to overcome the difficulties related with TAS placement, and to minimize the technique-related complications.

Materials and Methods:

It was an anthropometric observational study with retrospectively obtained anatomical data of randomly selected 116 patients from a single center. The anatomical measurements such as pars width, pars height, screw trajectory, and length were evaluated on the axial, sagittal, and three-dimensional reconstructed cervical CT scan using the radiant DICOM viewer software by the two fellowship trained spine surgeons which were blind to the study group details. The intra- and interobserver reliability with regard to the measured parameters was statistically analyzed.

Results:

The mean age of male and female was 28 and 29 years. The average BMI was calculated to be 23.5 and 25 for males and females, respectively. The mean right pars width in males was 5.78 ± 0.93 (range: 3.1–6.5 mm), while in female, it was 5.84 ± 0.95 (range: 3.1–6.5). The mean left pars width in males was 5.95 ± 1.13 (range: 3.8–8.1 mm), while in females, it was 5.70 ± 1.18 (range: 3.7–8.1 mm). Right side mean pars height in males was 5.90 ± 1.2 (range: 3.7–9.4 mm), and in females, it was 6.11 ± 1.04 (range: 3.8–9.3 mm). Left-sided mean pars height in males was 6.0 ± 1.1 (range: 3.2–9.4 mm) as compared to females, in which it was 5.77 ± 1.23 (range: 4.1–9.3 mm). The mean lateral angulation angle in males was 9.99° ± 1.70° (8.1°–15°), while in females, it was 10.15° ± 1.73° (8.1°–15°). The mean sagittal angulation in males was 26.33° ± 3.32° (21.0°–32.80°), while in females, it was 27.18 ± 3.05 (21.0°–32.10°). The average screw length in males was 41.74 ± 5.63 (34–54.8 mm), whereas in females, it was 41.35 ± 4.77 (34–54.8 mm).

Conclusion:

This study provides a morphometric database which is characteristic of the C1–C2 vertebrae in the normal Indian population with regard to the anatomic feasibility of the TAS fixation for various C1–C2 pathologies. The C2 pars width and height measured in the current study can guide the selection of TAS screws in the Indian population. This study could serve in providing the baseline anatomic parameters assessed in the healthy individuals to design and develop customized screws and related implant assembly which might provide wider clinical applicability.
Lateral mass intra-pedicular screw fixation for subaxial cervical spines - An alternative surgical technique
Authors: Kojima Kota , Ishikawa Masayuki , Endo Takahiro , Muto Jun , Fukui Yasuyuki , Asamoto Shunji
Published: June 2021

Background:

Lateral mass screw (LMS) and transpedicular screw (TPS) techniques are the two major options for performing posterior cervical fusion of the subaxial cervical spine. Although these two techniques can cover the vast majority of patients who require posterior fixation of the cervical spine, they are not without their limitations.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to introduce a novel technique, lateral mass intrapedicular screw (LMIS) fixation, for posterior subaxial cervical spine (C3–C6) fixation.

Materials and Methods:

The starting point of the screw is defined as the midpoint of the lateral mass. In the axial plane, the screw is angled at 20–25 with respect to the midline of the spinous process. In the sagittal plane, the screw is directed toward the rostral quarter (zone 1) of the vertebral body and placed within the pedicle. A preliminary, proof-of-concept experiment was performed using a bone model created with synthetic bone and computed tomography images before performing the operation on a patient.

Results:

During the preliminary experiment, insignificant breaching of the inner cortex of the pedicle was observed with one of the screws. However, no other screws breached the inner cortex in the same manner during the preliminary experiment or during the operation, and the intraoperative fixation was strong.

Conclusion:

LMIS is a relatively simple and safe technique that can be performed for the fixation of subaxial cervical spines with screws that are longer than those used in LMS. We believe that this technique may join the two existing techniques to become a common alternative technique, particularly for patients with poor bone quality.
Convolutional neural network-based automated segmentation and labeling of the lumbar spine X-ray
Authors: Kónya Sándor , Natarajan TR Sai , Allouch Hassan , Nahleh Kais Abu , Dogheim Omneya Yakout , Boehm Heinrich
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This study investigated the segmentation metrics of different segmentation networks trained on 730 manually annotated lateral lumbar spine X-rays to test the generalization ability and robustness which are the basis of clinical decision support algorithms.

Methods:

Instance segmentation networks were compared to semantic segmentation networks based on different metrics. The study cohort comprised diseased spines and postoperative images with metallic implants.

Results:

However, the pixel accuracies and intersection over union are similarly high for the best performing instance and semantic segmentation models; the observed vertebral recognition rates of the instance segmentation models statistically significantly outperform the semantic models' recognition rates.

Conclusion:

The results of the instance segmentation models on lumbar spine X-ray perform superior to semantic segmentation models in the recognition rates even by images of severe diseased spines by allowing the segmentation of overlapping vertebrae, in contrary to the semantic models where such differentiation cannot be performed due to the fused binary mask of the overlapping instances. These models can be incorporated into further clinical decision support pipelines.
Changes in cervical sagittal alignment and the effects on cervical parameters in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy after laminoplasty
Authors: Özer Ali Fahir , Ateş Özkan , Çerezci Önder , Hekimoğlu Mehdi , Aydın Ahmet Levent , Öktenoğlu Tunç , Sasani Mehdi
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To monitor changes in cervical parameters before and after laminoplasty surgery. Cervical parameters and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) values that may be affected after laminoplasty were examined before and after surgery. The clinical and radiological course of these values was monitored, and their interaction with all spinal radiological parameters was revealed.

Materials and Methods:

Nineteen patients who underwent clinical and radiological evaluation for 2 years were followed in this study. Neck disability index, visual analog scale, and short form 36 scores were determined to evaluate HRQOL. For radiological parameters, the C0-C2 angle, C2-C7 angle, cervical sagittal vertical axis, T1 slope angle, neck tilt (NT) and thoracic inlet angle were used. The results of the 4-month, 1 year and 2-year follow-ups were statistically evaluated.

Results:

Both the HRQOL and cervical radiological parameters deteriorated in the first 4 months and returned to normal in the 2nd year. Statistically, all parameters were meaningful (P < 0.05), except for NT.

Conclusion:

Cervical parameters and HRQOL values, which deteriorated in the early period, recovered in the late period in the long-term follow-up of patients undergoing laminoplasty. The important point is that preoperative cervical parameters suitable for laminoplasty should be present, and spinopelvic parameters should be normal.
Redefining cervical spine deformity classification through novel cutoffs
Authors: Passias Peter Gust , Pierce Katherine E. , Brown Avery E. , Bortz Cole A. , Alas Haddy , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Line Breton , Klineberg Eric O , Burton Douglas C. , Hart Robert , Daniels Alan H , Bess Shay , Diebo Bassel , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Eastlack Robert , Shaffrey Christopher I , Schwab Frank J , Smith Justin S. , Ames Christopher , on Behalf of the International Spine Study Group
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

The aim is to investigate the relationship between cervical parameters and the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale (mJOA).

Materials and Methods:

Surgical adult cervical deformity (CD) patients were included in this retrospective analysis. After determining data followed a parametric distribution through the Shapiro–Wilk Normality (P = 0.15, P > 0.05), Pearson correlations were run for radiographic parameters and mJOA. For significant correlations, logistic regressions were performed to determine a threshold of radiographic measures for which the correlation with mJOA scores was most significant. mJOA score of 14 and <12 reported cut-off values for moderate (M) and severe (S) disability. New modifiers were compared to an existing classification using Spearman's rho and logistic regression analyses to predict outcomes up to 2 years.

Results:

A total of 123 CD patients were included (60.5 years, 65%F, 29.1 kg/m2). For significant baseline factors from Pearson correlations, the following thresholds were predicted: MGS (M:-12 to-9° and 0°–19°, P = 0.020; S: >19° and <−12°, χ2= 4.291, P = 0.036), TS-CL (M: 26°to 45°, P = 0.201; S: >45°, χ2= 7.8, P = 0.005), CL (M:-21° to 3°, χ2= 8.947, P = 0.004; S: <−21°, χ2= 9.3, P = 0.009), C2-T3 (M: −35° to −25°, χ2= 5.485, P = 0.046; S: <−35°, χ2= 4.1, P = 0.041), C2 Slope (M: 33° to 49°, P = 0.122; S: >49°, χ2= 5.7, P = 0.008), and Frailty (Mild: 0.18–0.27, P = 0.129; Severe: >0.27, P = 0.002). Compared to existing Ames- International Spine Study Group classification, the novel thresholds demonstrated significant predictive value for reoperation and mortality up to 2 years.

Conclusions:

Collectively, these radiographic values can be utilized in refining existing classifications and developing collective understanding of severity and surgical targets in corrective surgery for adult CD.
Repair of spondylolysis using a pedicle screw U-shaped rod construct
Authors: Barakat Ahmed Samir , Soliman Wessam Samir , Elgharabawy Amr Farahat , Fawaz Khaled , Diab Nader M. , Alinani Wissam Gaber , Azzam Akram , Sultan Ahmed Maher
Published: June 2021

Study Design:

Prospective case series, therapeutic Level IV.

Objectives:

Functional and radiographic outcome evaluation of patients with spondylolysis treated with pars interarticularis defect repair with iliac bone grafting and application of a construct consisting of a pair of polyaxial pedicle screws connected by a U-shaped rod passing beneath the spinous process.

Methods:

Twenty-five patients (27 operated lumbar levels) with an average of 20 months of follow-up (range 12–24 m) with spondylolysis who met our inclusion criteria were treated with the above-mentioned technique. Functional assessment was by the Visual Analog Score (VAS) for low back pain (LBP) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Fusion was confirmed with plain x-rays and when indicated with computed tomography scan. Return to activities of daily living (ADL) was also assessed.

Results:

There were 16 males (64%) and 9 females (36%), with a mean age of 18 ± 3 years at surgery, with a mean operating time of 79 ± 13 min and a mean blood loss of 186 ± 57 ml. ODI significantly improved from a mean of 63 ± 7 preoperatively to 10 ± 4 at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.001). The mean preoperative LBP VAS score 8 ± 1 showed also a statistically significant decrease of values to 1 ± 1 at 12 months, (P < 0.001). At 12 m, all patients returned to unrestricted ADL. Pars healing was present in 19 patients (76%) at 6 months and in all patients at 12 months.

Conclusions:

Polyaxial pedicular screws with a U-shaped rod offer an effective and reproducible treatment for spondylolysis with an appropriate fusion rate, predictable return to daily activities, and good pain relief in young adults.
An alternative way of C1 screwing
Authors: Burtsev Alexander V. , Sergeenko Olga M. , Gubin Alexander V.
Published: June 2021

Study Design:

This study involves literature review, technical note, and case series.

Objectives:

The objectives were to analyze indications and contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages for C1 lateral mass screw (LMS) insertion above or partially above the arch, to descript technical features, and to give examples of the practical application of this technique and investigated its safety.

Methods:

A literature review was carried out in English and Russian in PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases. We selected four patients, treated in our clinic, which was carried out partially supralaminar C1 LMS.

Results:

Only three descriptions of supralaminar C1 LMS were found in the literature. Four adult patients underwent posterior C1–C2 screw fixation with C1 LMS along the superior edge of the C1 arch at our clinic. Partially supralaminar C1 screws were inserted on one of the sides due to the difficulties of using classical techniques. The main reasons for supralaminar screw fixation were narrow C1 lamina, hypertrophied venous plexus, and intraoperative failures of classic techniques application (broken screw trajectory, profuse venous bleeding from the plexus). The average follow-up time for the patients was 2.7 years, no complications were noted, and all had a satisfactory spinal fusion.

Conclusions:

The proposed types of C1 LMS above or partially above the C1 arch can be useful alternative method of C1 screwing in selected patients. Indications for the use of the supralaminar C1 LMS method can be narrow C1 posterior arch and pedicle, pronounced C1-C2 venous plexus, some V3 segment anomalies at C1 level, small arthritic inferior part of lateral mass, and intraoperative failures of classic techniques application.
Minimising in minimally invasive surgery through the use of a novel and flexible super elastic titanium needle suitable for a 3.5- and 5-mm trocar
Authors: Delibegovic Samir
Published: June 2021

The use of smaller ports in surgery is the next step in the evolution of minimally invasive procedures. We present findings, using a novel flexible needle made from a super elastic titanium alloy, which demonstrate that it is possible for a 26- and 30-mm needle to pass through a 3.5- and 5-mm trocar. This new approach results in less trauma and improved cosmetic effect in comparison to the classical 10-mm port. Traditional steps such as handling of the needle holders, loading the needle and placing it at the correct angle and direction, inserting the needle into the tissue and finally safely tying a knot remain the same as with the standard procedure. We propose that this improved type of needle creates a refinement opportunity to replace the classic ones during both laparoscopic and robotic surgeries.
دراسة نصية تحليلية لقول الله تعالى: (وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى? ? قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِن ? قَالَ بَلَى? وَلَ?كِن لِّيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي ?)
Authors: د. إيمان بنـت محمد العسـيري د. إيمان بنـت محمد العسـيري
Published: June 2021

تدور مادة هذه الدراسة حول طلب الخليل إبراهيم عليه الصلاة والسلام لربه، وسؤاله أن يـُريِــه كيف يحيي الموتى، وهل كان إبراهيم شاكا حين سأل ربه؟ ومثلها كذلك حديث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم (نحن أحق بالشك من إبراهيم)، وهل في حديث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إشارة لإمكان حصول الشك في قضايا الاعتقاد كمقدمة لحصول اليقين؟ أو إقرار بصحته؟ وقد تطلّب هذا بيان الآراء حول الآية الكريمة والحديث النبوي الشريف، والوقوف على أرجحها، وبيان وجه ترجيحها. كما تطلّب هذا ابتداء الحديث عن مفهوم الشك وأقسامه، وهل الشك أول واجب على المكلف كما يقول الشكّاك؟ وهل يمكن القول بوجود شك إيجابي وآخر سلبي؟ وكيف يجاب عن كل ذلك؟
الموت في شعر تأبط شراً
Authors: د. منى عبدالله منصور المطرفي د. منى عبدالله منصور المطرفي
Published: June 2021

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع: (الموت في شعر تأبط شراً)؛ ليوضح موقف الشاعر من الموت وتفاعله معه وسبل التعبير عن ذلك شعراً. وقد بدأ البحث بمقدمة تعرض موضوع البحث وتساؤلاته ومحاوره التي تمثلت في ثلاثة مباحث: الأول : بعنوان (معجم الموت)، والثاني: بعنوان (بلاغة الموت)، والأخير بعنوان (دلالات الموت)، ثم يتبعها خاتمة تعرض أبرز نتائج البحث، وينتهي بعد ذلك بقائمة المصادر والمراجع، ثم فهرس الموضوعات. أرجو من العلي القدير التوفيق في إنجاز هذا البحث والحمد لله ر ب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد المرسلين.
تأثير أمواج التسونامي والتَّذبذبات المناخيَّة على التَّضاريس السَّاحلية لسواحل المملكة العربيَّة السُّعوديَّة على الخليج العربي
Authors: د. بدر الدِّين منلا الدخيل د. بدر الدِّين منلا الدخيل
Published: June 2021

تُعدُّ منطقة الخليج العربي واحدةً من أكثر المناطق عُرضَةً للتَّأثيرات السَّلبية للتَّذبذبات المناخيَّة وأمواج التسونامي في المجالات الحضريَّة والبيئيَّة والاقتصاديَّة، ويختلف تأثير التَّضاريس الشَّاطئيَّة على الأمواج باختلاف أشكالها. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد المناطق التي تتأثَّر بأمواج التسونامي والتَّذبذبات المناخيَّة في حال حدوثها على طول سواحل المملكة على الخليج العربيِّ، وذلك وفقاً لسيناريوهات عدَّة، إضافةً إلى تصنيف استجابة السَّواحل لتلك التَّأثيرات. لقد تمَّ استخدام تصنيف Ramasamy et al, (2008) في دراسة مدى استجابة النظم الجيومورفولوجية السَّاحلية السُّعودية على الخليج العربي وتحديد مناطق الغمر المائي، وذلك بناءً على بياناتٍ صادرةٍ عن مركز GEBCO لأعماق البحار والمحيطات، إضافةً لصور الأقمار الصِّناعيَّة، والخرائط الطُّبوغرافيَّة، وبيانات الزَّلازل التَّاريخيَّة. أظهرت الدِّراسة الدَّوحات، والأخوار، والتَّعرجات على طول الشَّواطئ، والسِّباخ الملحيَّة، والتي تُعتبر عوامل مساعدة لتدفُّق أمواج المدِّ والتسونامي. وبالمقابل تحدُّ التِّلال الرَّمليَّة الشَّاطئيَّة، وأشجار المانغروف التي تنتشر على نطاقٍ ضيِّقٍ من تدفُّق أمواج المدِّ والتسونامي على طول سواحل رأس أبو قميص، والسَّواحل الممتدة بين سلوى والعقير، والسَّواحل الواقعة إلى الشَّمال من مدينة الجبيل من رأس الزَّور حتى شمال الخفجي عند الحدود الكويتيَّة. أمَّا المناطق العمرانيَّة والصِّناعية والبتروليَّة، ومحطَّات تحلية المياه، والبنى التَّحتيَّة فتتميَّز بسواحل سهليَّة ضعيفة خالية من المظاهر الطَّبيعيَّة المقاوِمة لتدفُّق أمواج المدِّ والتسونامي، كما هو الحال في الدَّمام والجبيل والخُبر وخليج تاروت وخليج شاطئ نصف القمر. كما يبيِّن البحث أنَّ هناك احتمالاً لغمر ما يقرب من 4% من مساحة المنطقة السَّاحلية للمملكة العربيَّة السُّعودية على الخليج العربي نتيجةً لتدفق أمواج تسونامي ذات ارتفاع 2 متر، وما يقرب من 11% من مساحة المنطقة السَّاحليَّة في حال تدفُّق أمواجٍ ذات ارتفاع 5 متر، التي يمكن أن تتوغَّل حتى 15 كم ضمن البرِّ السَّاحلي المنبسط في بعض المناطق السَّاحلية كمنطقة الجبيل والدَّمام. الأمر الذي قد يؤدِّي إلى حوادث كارثيَّة على البُنى التَّحتيَّة والعمرانيَّة في حال تدفُّق أمواجٍ مدِّيَّةٍ عاليةٍ أو أمواج تسونامي متوسطة الارتفاع، ممَّا يؤدي إلى عدم الاستقرار في المنطقة على نطاقٍ واسع.
Inclusive Online Teaching and Digital Learning: Lessons Learned in the Time of Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Evans-Amalu Kelsey , Claravall Eric B.
Published: June 2021

When the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the world in 2020 and into 2021, the entire system of education faced the most challenging task to provide education to students using virtual instruction. Within the United States specifically, the pandemic transformed teaching. Teachers were and have continued to be compelled to learn digital technology and integrate varied digital tools into their instruction. As guest editors, Eric and I had the opportunity to reflect on the many instructional challenges and valuable lessons learned about virtual teaching and learning in k-12 and higher education. One of the biggest lessons observed was exposure of huge equity gaps between the tech haves and have nots, regarding access to digital devices and reliable Wi-Fi. It was from this observation that the call for proposals of this special issue was developed. What does inclusion look like in the era of digital and virtual teaching?  With this in mind, we were tasked to coedit this special issue of JCSR focusing on the theme “Inclusive Curriculum in the Era of Digital & Virtual Learning.” We had the opportunity to review five exemplary articles responding to the theme.
Contrastación de un modelo de decisión prospectiva de la sustentabilidad
Authors: Rosas-Ferruzca Francisco Javier , Sandoval-Vázquez Francisco Rubén , García-Lirios Cruz
Published: June 2021

El proceso que va de las decisiones prospectivas (orientadas a riesgos de máximas ganancias respecto a beneficios mínimos seguros) a las acciones deliberadas (orientadas por evitación de fracasos con base en la sistematización de errores y aciertos) es abordado en el presente trabajo a fin de poder contrastar un modelo para el estudio de la gobernanza universitaria como una institución decisora y planificadora de la sustentabilidad. Se llevó a cabo la contrastación en tres fases de la hipótesis nula relativa a las diferencias significativas entre dimensiones teóricas y modelos estructurales. En la primera, se documentó, sintetizó y comparó la información reportada en la literatura mediante la técnica Delphi. En la segunda se revisaron los estudios y los instrumentos seleccionados en la primera fase con la finalidad de delimitar el número de ítems en función de dimensiones y propiedades psicométricas. En la tercera fase se llevaron a cabo dos estudios no experimentales: uno exploratorio en el que se encontraron dos factores y otro confirmatorio en el que ambos factores se asociaron espuriamente sugiriendo la inclusión de otros factores en torno a la decisión prospectiva de una selección no probabilística de 258 estudiantes. Ambos factores reflejaron las razones y las acciones frugales, pero tales hallazgos sólo son aplicables a la muestra ya que el tipo de estudio, muestreo y análisis estadísticos sugieren el contraste del modelo en otros escenarios para incrementar el porcentaje de la varianza explicada.
Combate a la corrupción en México: El reto del nuevo gobierno
Authors: Santini Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Ordaz Álvarez Arturo , Garibay Escobar Sergio
Published: June 2021

La vida democrática encuentra en el fenómeno de la corrupción a uno de sus principales adversarios, generando consecuencias negativas en la calidad de la representación política. El desarrollo económico no logra alcanzar sus niveles deseables, de igual forma los programas sociales de combate contra la pobreza se ven afectados, además de que los gobiernos incurren en las malas decisiones como efecto de la corrupción. Los esfuerzos recientes para atender este fenómeno derivaron en la creación del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción (SNA) como la instancia de coordinación y responsable de los aspectos relacionados con la prevención, investigación y sanción, además de diseñar, implementar y evaluar la política nacional anticorrupción. El objetivo de este trabajo es medir el progreso de la reforma en materia anticorrupción iniciada en 2015, que se materializa en el Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción y en los Sistemas Locales Anticorrupción en México, presentando los avances, pasando por la implementación y retos que tiene que enfrentar el nuevo Gobierno nacional.
Expectativas hacia las políticas de interrupción del embarazo en exmigrantes del Estado de México
Authors: Bustos-Aguayo José Marcos , Juárez-Nájera Margarita , Hernández-Valdés Jorge , López de Nava Tapía Sofía , Martínez Bello Joel , Coronado-Rincón Oscar , Bermúdez-Ruíz Gilberto , García-Lirios Cruz
Published: June 2021

A menudo las políticas de planificación familiar, entre ellas los programas de interrupción legal del embarazo han sido abordadas desde quienes toman las decisiones o quienes las instrumentan, pero sus efectos no han sido observados en los usuarios de los servicios de salud pública. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue especificar un modelo para el estudio del fenómeno, mediante el establecimiento de la confiabilidad y la validez de un instrumento que mide tres factores: expectativas de diseño, instrumentación y evaluación del aborto legal asistido. Se llevó a cabo un estudio no experimental con una selección no probabilística de 300 ex migrantes, considerando la alta tasa del 7% natalidad de la localidad de Huehuetoca, Estado de México. A partir de un modelo estructural se explicó el 75% de la varianza, aunque las asociaciones espurias entre los factores develan la inclusión de otro factor relativo a los efectos del programa de interrupción asistida del embarazo. Por consiguiente, el instrumento puede ser empleado en la administración pública para la evaluación de la confianza hacia las políticas de salud sexual y reproductiva, considerando un escenario de flujos migratorios y la necesidad de planificación familiar.
Problems of legal protection of rights and legitimate interests of consumers of telematic communication services in the context of the implementation of certain provisions of the federal law "On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs" in the provision of educational services
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, MIRONOV A.V.
Published: June 2021

Based on the analysis of the current civil legislation regulating the sphere of services as well as the legislation on communications, the article deals with the problems of legal regulation of telematic communications services. We are talking about gaps in the specialized legislation, which do not allow creating the necessary guarantees of the quality of the provided communication services as well as the importance of ensuring the ratio of the norms of the specialized legislation and the norms of civil legislation in connection with the presence of a general subject of legal regulation. The problems of defining essential and obligatory conditions in contracts for the provision of telematic communication services are disclosed, in particular, the presence of the discretion of the communication service provider in determining the "quality range", which significantly infringes upon the rights of consumers. The issues of legal regulation of blocking sites due to the presence of violations determined by the legislation on communications are considered: at present there are no criteria for the unlawful use of telematic communication services as well as real leverage on unscrupulous consumers from operators.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Kulit Batang Mangrove (Avicennia Marina) Dalam Sediaan Krim Terhadap Sifat Fisik Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Saputra Eko , Setiyabudi Lulu , Issusilaningtyas Elisa
Published: June 2021

Mangrove api-api (Avicennia marina) merupakan bahan alam yang telah diteliti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Ekstrak mangrove Avicennia marina dapat digunakan sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak kulit batang mangrove terhadap sifat fisik sediaan krim dan aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 5% (F1), 10% (F2) dan 15% (F3). Karakteristik fisik yang diamati berupa organoleptis, homogenitas, tipe krim, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan statistik. Hasil evaluasi fisik sediaan memiliki organoleptis krim berbau khas ekstrak kulit batang mangrove, krim berwarna putih kehijauan dengan tekstur halus dan homogen (F1), krim berwarna hijau dengan tekstur agak kasar (F2) dan (F3) tidak homogen. Sediaan krim mempunyai tipe krim M/A dengan pH 6. Uji viskositas sediaan krim memenuhi standar, uji daya sebar krim yang memenuhi syarat adalah (F1). Uji daya lekat krim yang memenuhi syarat adalah (F1) dan (F2). Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri sediaan krim adalah diameter zona hambat bakteri pada (F1) 15,1 mm, (F2) 17,6 mm, dan (F3) 19,4 mm.
Perfil epidemiológico de la influenza humana a H1N1
Authors: Salazar Enrique Rojas , Tala Rodrigo Uño , Ortiz Yercin Mamani , Melgarejo Betty , Vallejo Efrain , Velarde Daniel Illanes , Choque Mayra Rocha
Published: June 2021

Introducción: En junio de 2009, la Organización Mundial de la Salud alertó acerca de la pandemia debida al virus A (H1N1) que elevó la fase epidemiológica a 6, producto del grado de diseminación del virus pero no a la gravedad e impacto de la enfermedad, lo que depende de la vulnerabilidad de la población y la capacidad de respuesta sanitaria de cada región, país y continente respectivamente. Objetivo: analizar el perfil epidemiológico de la influenza A- H1N1 en el departamento de Cochabamba-Bolivia.  Métodos: el presente estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, realizado en el departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia mediante el análisis de todas las fichas epidemiológicas de los casos sospechosos durante las gestiones 2009 al 2014, con una muestra de 3655 fichas. Resultados: del total de casos sospechosos el 52% fueron varones y el 48 % mujeres, el grupo etario con mayor proporción fue el de los menores de 5 años con un 16%, del total de casos sospechosos el 79% fueron negativos y solo el 21%  fueron positivos, los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la tos presente en el 84% de los casos, la faringitis en el 78%, la cefalea y la rinorrea en el 76%. Conclusión: la prevalencia de Influenza Humana A H1 N1 en el departamento de Cochabamba, disminuyó progresivamente, existiendo un rebrote de la patología el 2014 con un aumento en el número de casos positivos y los casos de mortalidad.
Basics of translation theory
Authors: Kamalyan Arevik
Published: June 2021

The manual is intended for the subject “Fundamentals of Translation Theory” of YSU Faculty of Armenian Philology. It can be useful for translators, editors, as well as journalists, linguists, and those interested in translation in general.