bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HYDRATION AND BAKING ON THE PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF VITABOSA FLOUR (Mucuna deeringiana)
Authors: CHAPARRO A. Sandra P. , GIL G. Jesús H. , ARISTIZABAL T. Iván D.
Published: January 2023

The effect of soaking and cooking on physical characteristics and functional properties of vitabosa (Mucuna deeringiana) flour is investigated. Oil absorption capacity of vitabosa without treatment is higher than seed with soaking and cooking treatment, 2.12 mL/g and 1.89 mL/g, respectively. The best water absorption capacity is in vitabosa with soaking and cooking treatment and it decreases with the increase of ionic strength ranges of 0.1 - 1 M of NaCl. Emulsifying activity decreases as the concentration of flour in solution increased. Emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability of flours increase in the ionic strength range 0.0 - 0.4 M but reduced afterwards with further increase in NaCl concentration. Vitabosa without treatment and vitabosa with soaking and cooking treatment have low foam capacity, their best results are 10.3% vitabosa without treatment and 6.04% (vitabosa with soaking and cooking treatment) at 0.4 M of NaCl. The highest gelation capacity is at 12% concentration and without sodium chloride. At the same time the increase in ionic strength (0.1 - 1 M NaCl) has an unfavorable effect in the gelation capacity of flours.
CYTOTOXIC LABDANE DITERPENOIDS ISOLATED FROM THE HEXANE FRACTION OF THE Croton stipuliformis STEM BARK
Authors: FRANCO Martha S. , CORDERO Claudia P. , ARISTIZABAL Fabio , OSORIO R. Coralia
Published: January 2023

The composition of the cytotoxic hexane fraction of the Croton stipuliformis bark was studied by means of a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry; sesquiterpenes and sterols were characterized as the main constituents. Along with these compounds, three labdane and seco-labdane diterpenoids, 8(17),12E,14-labdatrien-18-oic acid [3], 12E-3,4-seco-labda-4(18),8(17),12,14-tetraen-3-oic acid [2], and its methyl ester [1] were isolated from this fraction through preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by HR-FABMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of these three compounds against human tumor cell lines HEp-2, HT-29, MKN-45, MCF-7, and HeLa was assessed. The three compounds showed a non-specific and moderate cytotoxicity against the abovementioned cell lines.
Journal Vitae, twenty years of scientific divulgation, 1991-2011
Authors: Jiménez Silvia Luz
Published: January 2023

Por decisión del Comité Editorial se me ha conferido el inmerecido honor de volver la mirada atrás y elaborar una reseña histórica sobre La Revista Vitae, órgano de difusión de la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Antioquia; considerando que, como miembro de su Comité Editorial, durante los 20 años de su existencia, puedo presentar una relación detallada de su trayectoria y trasegar por el recorrido amplio, no libre de dificultades y escollos que se han sabido sortear exitosamente con la contribución significativa de destacados integrantes de la Facultad.
REFEREES LIST
Authors: RESTREPO V. Luis G.
Published: January 2023

REFEREES LIST
EVALUATION OF NON FAT SOLIDS SUBSTITUTES (NSL) IN A HARD DAIRY ICE CREAM MIX WITH VEGETABLE FAT
Authors: LÓPEZ M.Sc. Francy , SEPÚLVEDA V. M.Sc. José U.
Published: January 2023

Background: In industries that produce ice cream, NFMS required in the mixture are obtained by addition of skim milk powder and whole milk, condensed milk, caseinate and others. However, due to factors such as national lack of these (caseinates) and the seasonal climate of regions which produce milk, these raw materials are relatively expensive, so it has increased the interest of using different substituents of non-fat milk solids (NFMS) without affecting the nutritional and sensory quality of ice cream, which comply with national legislation and represent a lower price to make them. Objectives: This study aimed to implement and evaluate a NFMS formulation for applying in ice cream mixes. Methods: the formulation (F1 substitute), was applied at different rates (20, 40, 60%) in mixtures of ice cream and was compared to a control without replacement. The physicochemical properties that were investigated included the mix viscosity, acidity, ph, mineral content (calcium and phosphorus), protein, ash, fat and total solids. In the ice cream was determined freezing, melting, overrun, whipping ability and sensory evaluation. For the study of the data was used Statgraphics 5.0 and the experimental design was a randomized complete block model with multiple range test of Duncan. Results: The results show that the viscosity value of the treatment, varies in a range of 398.7 to 1108.6 cp at a temperature of 4 °C, being higher for T4 (higher percentage of substitution). The titratable acidity values of the ice cream mixture ranged from 0.17% to 0.12% with a higher (P
EVALUATION OF THE INDUCTION OF LIPOLYTIC ENZYMES FROM A Pseudomona aeruginosa ISOLATED FROM AFRICAN PALM FRUIT (Elaeis guineensis)
Authors: USCÁTEGUI M. Yomaira , JIMÉNEZ-JUNCA Carlos A. , SUÁREZ M. Camilo , PRIETO-CORREA Erlide
Published: January 2023

Background: Extracellular lipases are found in the culture broth when the fermentation is at the end of the exponential phase. Lipases can be induced easily since they are produced by the presence of oily sources or other materials as surfactants, fatty acids, some esters, glycerol and biliary salts. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the effect of carbon source concentration and the use of inductors on biomass production, and the lipolytic activity of a bacterium isolated from mature palm oil fruits. Methods: The yield biomass/substrate was evaluated with glucose as carbon source at different concentrations (3, 5, 7, 10, 15 y 20 g/L) by dry weight and OD (600 nm). Lipolytic activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay using p-nitrofenilpalmitate at 37°C for 15 min. Results: Gram negative microorganisms with lipolytic activity isolated from palm fruit were identified as Pseudomona aeruginosa. The growth of the bacteria was inhibited when glucose was used at concentrations greater than 5%. The production of lipase was induced by using three inducers (Palm oil, Tween 20 and palm oil:Tween 20 mixture), at three different induction times (0, 11 and 18 hours of fermentation). The highest activity (3,81 µmoles/ mL*min) was observed when the palm oil:Tween 20 mixture was added at 11 hours of fermentation. The kinetic of p-nitrophenylpalmitate hydrolysis using the supernatant of a culture induced with palm oil:Tween 20 mixture at 11 hours showed the production of p-nitrophenol beyond 300 minutes, with the greatest hydrolysis rate during the first 7 minutes. Conclusions: The growth of P. aeruginosa was not affected by using glucose as carbon source at concentrations of 3% and 5%. There was a basal level of lipase production without inducer, and greater lipolytic activity was achieved with the addition of inducers.
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL CARE OF PEOPLE WITH EPILEPSY AT COLOMBIA
Authors: VARGAS Claudia M. , VACCA Claudia P. , SIMBAQUEBA Juan B
Published: January 2023

Background: It has been suggested elsewhere that psychosocial factors could have a negative impact on the outcomes of pharmacotherapy of patients with epilepsy. The inclusion of relevant psychosocial factors in Colombiaís context in the pharmaceutical careís methodology would optimize the detection of drug related problems and its solution by the pharmacists, thus improving pharmacotherapy outcomes. Objectives: To explore psychosocial and cultural factors that could be incorporated in the pharmaceutical care of people with epilepsy, and design a survey in order to do so. Methods: The psychosocial factors to be included were first identified using the Delphi method, and were later incorporated in the Colombia-adjusted Daderís pharmaceutical care methodology through a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey. Pilot test was carried out with 21 patients and then the survey was adjusted as necessary. The adjusted survey was applied to 70 epilepsy patients being treated in a specialized institution at Cartagena (Colombia), aged between 15 and 60 years, with at least one month of pharmacological treatment, and without a history of previous epilepsy related surgery. Univariate statistical analysis and Multiple Correspondence Analysis was applied. Results: In the pilot analysis, recurrent needs of knowledge about epilepsy and anticonvulsant treatment were found, and brochures were designed to support educational interventions. The patient's knowledge level about epilepsy and its treatment was acceptable. Correlation between subsidized health insurance and drugs access problems, along with a possible correspondence between stigma feelings and high frequency crisis were found. Conclusions: The survey allowed to explore psychosocial and cultural factors in the framework of pharmaceutical care of people with epilepsy, the detection of drug related problems and to intervene to solve them. These findings are a first approach to the description of psychosocial factors affecting the performance of pharmacological therapy, especially the dynamic of social networks, emotional problems, the maximum educational level and knowledge about epilepsy.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LULO (Solanum quitoense Lam.) CASTILLA VARIETY IN SIX RIPENING STAGES
Authors: Mejía D. M.Sc. Clara María , Gaviria A. Ph.D. Duverney , DUQUE C. M.Sc. Alba Lucia , RENGIFO R. M.Sc. Lucero , AGUILAR F. B.Sc. Enrique , ALEGRÍA S. Ph.D. Alvaro Hernan
Published: January 2023

Background: Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) is considered a fruit with a high potential for exportation due to its exotic aroma, its bittersweet taste and the bright green color of its pulp. As a climacteric fruit is harvested when the fruit has reached full development, and 75% of the ripening is apparent by its characteristic yellow color with some small green points. However, this parameter is not enough to decide the right time for the crop, due to the irregularity of the fruits, especially for selling purposes in international markets, hence studies have been conducted to establish the changes during ripening and postharvest. Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between color measurement and the other physicochemical parameters in the six ripening stages of lulo Castilla variety, in order to define the optimal harvesting time. Methods: Three fruits were studied for each stage, and were analyzed in the fresh state: ° Brix, pH, titratable acidity and color changes in the cortex, according to CIELab system. Results: The ranges obtained for the six evaluated stages were: ° Brix: 4.2 - 10.3, pH: 3.67 - 3.90, acidity: 2.63 - 3.00 and color (ΔE): 0 - 53. We found that the epicarp of the fruit varies from green to yellow intense, indicating the maturity for consumption. Total soluble solids increased with fruit maturation and the tritatable acidity decreased reaching a minimum values at stage 3, which was considered optimum for harvesting. The pH increased in stage 5 due to the drop of vacuolar H+ ion concentration. Conclusion: By measuring color parameters, 3 ripening stages were defined: green (0, 1, 2); semi ripe (3, 4) and ripe (5).
XV REUNIÓN DE LA COMISIÓN PERMANENTE DE LA CONFERENCIA IBERO-AMERICANA DE FACULTADES DE FARMACIA (COIFFA)
Authors: AQUIFAR Colegio Nacional de QF COL. Regional Antioquia
Published: January 2023

PRIMER SIMPOSIO INTERNACIONAL DE CIENCIAS FARMACÉUTICAS Y ALIMENTARIAS: “Identificando propuestas para la solución de problemas prioritarios de los sectores farmacéutico y alimentario”.

PRESENTACIÓN

En la ciudad de Medellín - Colombia, en el marco de la celebración de la XV Reunión de la Comisión Permanente Conferencia Ibero-americana de Facultades de Farmacia (COIFFA), a realizarse el 26 de septiembre de 2012 y a la cual asistirán un número importante de Decanos de las Facultades de Farmacia de Ibero-América, la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Antioquia y el Colegio Nacional de Químicos Farmacéuticos de Colombia, regional Antioquia (AQUIFAR) nos hemos comprometido con la realización del Primer Simposio Internacional de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias: “Identificando propuestas para la solución de problemas prioritarios de los sectores farmacéutico y alimentario”, evento que se realizará del 27 al 29 de septiembre de 2012.

El Comité Académico ha estructurado un programa que pretende presentar los avances y novedades nacionales e internacionales relacionados con las ciencias farmacéuticas y alimentarias. Para tal fin, como ponentes participarán líderes académicos e investigadores nacionales e internacionales, reconocidos por sus aportes al avance en el estado del arte de las temáticas definidas para cada uno de los sectores. En este sentido, se desarrollarán 4 conferencias plenarias de interés común para los sectores farmacéutico y alimentario, 4 mesas de debate específicas en los ejes temáticos definidos en cada uno de los dos sectores, 1 mesa orientada a la formación farmacéutica y alimentaria, y 11 presentaciones de trabajos de investigación y/o avances. Con ello, el Comité Académico busca favorecer la definición de propuestas para la solución de problemas prioritarios de los sectores farmacéutico y alimentario en Ibero-América, en especial en el contexto latinoamericano.

Sector Farmacéutico

• Producción, regulación y comercialización de Productos biológicos y biotecnológicos.

• Investigación y obtención de sustancias de interés farmacéutico.

• Diseño y desarrollo de medicamentos.

• Utilización adecuada de medicamentos.

Sector Alimentario

• Nanotecnología y su aplicación en alimentos.

• Compuestos bioactivos de interés alimentario.

• Nuevas Tecnologías en transformación y procesamiento de alimentos.

• Globalización Alimentaria: Un reto para todos

Sector Farmacéutico - Alimentario: Educación Farmacéutica y Alimentaria.

Pedro Amariles

Doctor en Farmacia (homologado a Doctor en Farmacología en Colombia)

Profesor Universidad de Antioquia. Responsable del Grupo de Investigación Promoción y Prevención Farmacéutica. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
FREE STEROLS FROM THE MARINE SPONGE Mycale laevis
Authors: VALLE Z. Hernán A. , SANTAFÉ P. Gilmar G.
Published: January 2023

The development of marine bioprospection research requires to fortify of marine organisms inventories,which also implies their exhaustive taxonomic classification. From the morphological point of view, theclassification of marine sponges is a complex procedure and it is facilitated with the use of chemotaxonomicinformation based on the composition of its sterols. This study describes the free sterols composition of theMycale laevis sponge, collected in the Cispatá Bay (Córdoba, Colombia). The subextract of dichloromethaneis obtained from the methanol extract of the sponge; this subextract is fractionated through chromatographyin column on silica gel, using hexane-ethyl acetate mixtures with a gradual increase of the polarity as amobile phase. The obtention of the majoritary fraction (Rf = 0.77, silica gel /hexane: ethyl acetate 1:1) and itsanalysis by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), allows the identificationof 9 monohydroxylated sterols with nuclei steroidal Δ0, Δ5 and Δ7 sterols. Stanols (nucleus Δ0) are the mostabundant in the sterolic fraction with 71.7% of the total of the present compounds. These results contributeto chemotaxonomics studies marine sponges in the Mycalidae family.
OBTENCION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND PECTINS FROM BY-PRODUCTS OF CITRUS JUICE
Authors: ROJAS Ll. Jennifer P. , PEREA V. Aidé , STASHENKO Elena E.
Published: January 2023

Essential oils and pectins are obtained from the mandarin, orange, grapefruit and pommelo by-products.The essential oils are isolated by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. The compounds identification iscarried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and their relative amounts are calculated.The pectins are extracted by acid hydrolysis. The highest essential oil (0.23%) and pectins (25.2% drybasis) yields are obtained from pommelo.
DOCKING OF TYROSINASE CICLOARTANE INHIBITORS
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ Pablo A. , ROJANO Benjamín A.
Published: January 2023

Berenjenol (21:24-epoxy-24-methyl-cicloartane) isolated from leaves of Oxandra cf. xylopioides (Annonaceae), and its synthetic derivatives Berenjenol-3-acetate and 3-Oxoberenjenol are tyrosinase inhibitors (EC 1.14.18.1). These compounds are triterpenoids type cycloartanes, whose structure-activity relationship has been studied on similar compounds. However, the mechanism of inhibition of these molecules is not well understood. This paper present the results of a docking study between Berenjenol and its derivatives on tyrosinase enzyme that provides a rational framework for understanding the activity of these compounds. According to this work, Berenjenol acts as a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase through interactions with Ile42, Met43 Arg55, Trp184, Asn191, His194, Val195, Ala202, Met201 and Thr203.
OXIDATIVE STRESS CARACTERIZATION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
Authors: MORA H. Ángela C. , ARAGÓN N. Diana M. , OSPINA G. Luis F.
Published: January 2023

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diabetes mellitus is associated to free radicals increase derived from oxygen and to the organism potential antioxidant decrease generating oxidative damage of some cell components like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. After 20 days of administration of streptozotocin in Wistar rats, we have found a relationship between levels of blood glucose and some markers from antioxidant status. We evaluate oxidative stress markers like catalasa and superoxide dismutase acivities, ferric reducing ability of plasma and thiobarbituric acid reactive species.
VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL MODEL COSOLVENT SYSTEM 1,4-DIOXANE + WATER AT SEVERAL TEMPERATURES
Authors: RUIDIAZ M. Miller A. , MARTÍNEZ R. Fleming
Published: January 2023

Although the cosolvent system 1,4-dioxane+ water is poisonous, it is widely used in the pharmaceutical sciences as a versatile model for studying drug solubility and some other relevant physicochemical properties in the design of homogeneous dosage forms. For this reason, the excess molar volumes and partial molar volumes of components are investigated from density measurements of the entire range of mass fractions for the 1,4-dioxane + water system at 293.15 K; 298.15 K; 303.15 K; 308.15 K and 313.15 K. The results of excess molar volumes are fitted by Redlich-Kister equation using third degree polynomials and compared with those of literature for other systems. The system exhibits large negative excess volumes (up to – 0.71 cm3 mol–1) probably due to increased interactions like hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules or very large differences in the molar volumes of pure components. The effect of temperature on the different volumetric properties studied is also analyzed. Besides, the volume thermal expansion coefficients are also calculated founding values varying from 2.50 x 10–4 K–1 for pure water up to 1.06 x 10–3 K–1 for pure 1,4-dioxane at 298.15 K.
DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC CONTENT AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROPOLIS FROM ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA)
Authors: PALOMINO G. Lady R. , GARCÍA P. Carlos M. , GIL G. Jesús H. , ROJANO Benjamín A. , DURANGO R. Diego L.
Published: January 2023

Propolis, a natural product collected by honeybee from exudates of plants, is widely used in traditional medicine due to its known therapeutic properties. In this paper, the quality of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) from different regions of Antioquia (Colombia) is compared through the determination of flavonoids and total phenolic compounds content, and thein vitro antioxidant activity, using three assay systems: radical scavenging activity by means of the DPPH• (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS•+ (2,2’-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid cation) assays, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Determinations of total phenolic compounds content are found between 22.11 ± 0.54 and 75.22 ± 1.35 mg GAE/g of EEP, and total content of flavonoids between 4.75 ± 0.01 y 34.50 ± 0.07 mg QE/g of EEP. The radical scavenging activity varies from 33.9 ± 9.7 to 324.6 ± 15.0, and from 455.5 ± 7.8 to 1091 ± 17.3 μmol TE/g of EEP (TEAC) in the DPPH and ABTS system, respectively. In the FRAP method, the activity is found between 40.9 ± 13.3 and 338.4 ± 22.4 μmol AAE/g of EEP (AEAC). Results show a positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The antioxidant activity of some propolis indicates its potential role as nutraceutical.
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IN Plasmodium falciparum: A USEFUL TARGET FOR ANTIMALARIAL DRUG DESIGNING AND MALARIA blocking TRANSMISSION COMPOUNDS
Authors: AGUDELO R. Carlos D. , CORENA-Mcleod María , ROBLEDO R. Sara M.
Published: January 2023

Carbonic anhydrase is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate, anessential metabolic component used by the malaria parasites for de novo synthesis of pyrimidines and theexflagelation of gametocytes inside the mosquito vector. Carbonic anhydrase is involved in the transportof bicarbonate. This enzyme participates in transport of bicarbonate inside and outside the cells to avoidan imbalance in the system CO2/HCO3- and alteration of pH in the interior of the cell as well as in theintercellular space. Therefore, inhibition of this enzyme either in the parasite or the insect vector, couldlead to a decrease in replication and to the detriment and/or death of the parasite. Given the importance ofcarbonic anhydrase in the metabolism, development and survival of Plasmodium, it could be postulatedthat carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are both a therapeutic and a blocking transmission alternative. Previousstudies have demonstrated the in vitro anti-Plasmodium activity of some inhibitors. However, it isnecessary to determine their effectiveness to confirm its usefulness in the treatment or blocking malariatransmission and the mechanism by which these inhibitors are able to affect the development of theparasite in the mosquito vector. In this paper we present a review about the role of carbonic anhydrase inPlasmodium spp and using some specific inhibitors as a strategy for malaria treatment and transmissionblocking strategy. Articles published in the past 59 years identified from bibliographic database (PubMedand ScienceDirect) and papers collected by the authors were included.
APPLICATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AS A PRESERVATIVE TO IMPROVE THE SHELF LIFE OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochoromisniloticus)
Authors: ALBARRACÍN H. William , ALFONSO A. Christian , SÁNCHEZ B. Iván C.
Published: January 2023

Some essential oils extracted from herbs and spices have antioxidant activity, it can be used to increase the shelf-life of fillets and cuts of different post-mortem meat. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the antioxidant activity of Thyme and rosemary essential oils on Nile tilapia fillets preservation. The effect of essential oils in tilapia shelf-life was evaluated through the determination of the oxidation products by TBARS analysis and their comparison to some samples without essential oil application. The obtained results show that the use of the two essential oils reduces, between 53 and 96.5%, the oxidative processes of tilapia fillets from the ninth day of storage.
FREEZE-DRYING IN YELLOW PITAHAYA (Selenicereus megalanthus)
Authors: AYALA A. Alfredo A. , SERNA C. Liliana , MOSQUERA V. Esmeralda S.
Published: January 2023

Freeze-drying is an interesting alternative as a food preservation method allowing to extend the shelf life and significantly preserving physical and physicochemical properties related to quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of freeze-drying and osmo-freeze-drying on the kinetics of freezing and drying, water activity, volume, porosity and rehydration capacity of sliced yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus). As osmotic pretreatment to freeze-drying (osmo-freeze-drying), slices were immersed in a sucrose solution at 55 §Brix. The slices were frozen at -35§C. The sublimation was carried at vacuum pressure of 8 Pa and drying was carried out from -35 to 35§C. The results of these treatments at the end of the process showed significant differences in porosity, volume and rehydration capacity (being higher for freeze-drying treatment), while the kinetics of drying and water activity were not significant. The freeze drying treatment was suitable for the preservation of sliced yellow pitahaya, because it helped to decrease water activity below 0.4, preserved and showed significant volumes of high rehydration capacity.
VIABILITY OF THE PROBIOTIC MICROORGANISMS Lactobacillus casei 01, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium BB12 DURING COTTAGE CHEESE SHELF LIFE
Authors: OBANDO C. Mónica , BRITO C. Carmen S. , SCHÖBITZ T. Renate P. , BAEZ M. Liliana A. , HORZELLA R. Mariela Y.
Published: January 2023

The objective of this research was to evaluate the viability of three microorganisms considered as probiotics: Lactobacillus casei 01, Bifidobacterium BB12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, during cottage cheese shelflife (0, 7, 14, and 7 days thereafter equivalent to 21 days), and the influence on sensory characteristics of the products. The study was carried in four treatments and three replications. Control treatment (T1) without probiotics; treatment T2 containing Lb. casei 01; treatment T3 containing Lb. acidophilus La-5; and treatment 4, with the addition of Bifidobacterium BB12. The cream with the addition of probiotics was added to the cheese which is stored at 4ºC. The viability evaluation of microorganisms was carried through microbiology analysis and its quality characteristics obtained through physical, chemical and sensory analyses of the products at 0, 7 and 14 days. Bifidobacterium had higher counts than 1 x 106 ufc/g up to the end to the shelflife (14 days) and treatments with Lb. acidophilus and Lb. casei presented higher counts than 1 x 106 ufc/g up to 21 storage days. However, Lb. casei presented a greater viability loss through the time. Physicochemical and microbiology quality were normal and there were no significant differences between treatments(P>0.05). The sensory quality is in a way affected by the addition of microorganisms, while sensory attributes like flavour and grain firmness does not present significant differences, but aroma and humidity sensation does present significant differences between treatments (P
FLUOROMETRIC ASSAY FOR CELL PROLIFERATION IN HUMAN TUMOR CELL LINES APPLICATION
Authors: Escobar M. Linamaría , Aristizábal G. Fabio A.
Published: January 2023

Assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity as a model to explore biological activity of compounds isolated from different sources is the first approached to search molecules with potential anticancer activity. This paper is about how to implement resazurin reduction method as an indirect indicator of cell survival. Indeed both optimal resazurin concentration and incubation time were selected on MCF-7, MKN-45, SiHa, HEp-2, HT-29 and HeLa. Next, we compared survival results by using reduction method MTT and staining method SRB defined as end-point tests, and resazurin method described as slightly toxic to cells. The comparison of the methods was done in terms of survival rate to evaluate the sensitivity of the lines to doxorubicin HCl, a medicine used in cancer. The methods were compared in terms of percentage survival by evaluating cell line sensitivity to doxorubicin HCl (a drug used in cancer treatment). The results show that resazurin reduction method used in 4.4 μM is applicable to detect significant changes in cell population exposed to cytotoxic molecules in routine testing.
PEPTIDES WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY ISOLATED NATIVE MICROORGANISMS
Authors: CORRALES-GARCÍA Ligia L. , CIRO G. Gelmy L.
Published: January 2023

Like proteins, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are versatile molecules synthesized by microorganisms using enzymatic pathways with no genetic code instruction. AMP have interesting properties in the food and pharmaceutical industries, like their antimicrobial ability against pathogens. Looking for biomolecules from microorganisms requires hard and time consuming chemical analysis of each microorganism extract. The microorganism isolation method proposed in this research allowed us to find antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, through interaction between a charged dye mixed with selective agar and metabolites produced by microorganisms. Twenty soil samples from different zones were isolated in selective media; thirty five strains were purified based on interaction between basic dye and charged molecules from bacteria. Streptomyces sp. y Bacillus sp. both genera were identified. Protein extracts were obtained from the isolated microorganisms cultivated in liquid media; peptides and amino acids were identified by thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis. Those extracts with high protein level were used to evaluate bioautography. Two extracts from 35 showed inhibitory activity against E. coli ATCC 8739 (8 mm halo). Method effectiveness for the isolation and the purifying of microorganisms able to produce charged molecules, of industrial interest is demonstrated.
Solubility; still a challenging subject in pharmaceutical sciences
Authors: Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: January 2023

Solubility of a drug/drug candidate is one of the most important required physico-chemical properties in pharmaceutical area and nearly 40% of drug candidates fail to proceed to the higher trial phases of new drug development process because of their poor solubility. The commonly used method is to determine the experimental values of either thermodynamic or kinetic solubility. Numerous efforts were made to develop predictive tools for replacing the time consuming and costly experimental methods.
FRUCTOSE SYRUP OBTENTION FROM ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSED OF YAM STARCH (Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata)
Authors: SALCEDO M. Jairo G. , MONTES M. Everaldo J. , ZAPATA M. José E. , MÁRQUEZ H. Didier A. , DIAZ A. Miguel
Published: January 2023

This investigation evaluated the yield of fructose syrup production from extracted starch of two yam species ( Dioscorea alata , var. Diamond and Dioscorea rotundata , var. Espino). The experiment was conducted using an at random experimental design of multiple categorical factor analysis with two factors: a substrate concentration factor at five levels: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% p/v and the yam species factor at two levels ( Dioscorea alata , var Diamond and Dioscorea rotundata , var Espino). To obtain fructose, initially glucose syrups were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of yam starch using the enzymes of Novozymes®,alpha-amylase Termamyl 120L (liquefaction stage) and AMG 300L (saccharification stage). At this stage, dextrose maximum equivalents (ED) obtained were 98.28 and 96.84 for a substrate concentration of 30%w/v. In a later stage isomerisation from glucose syrups to fructose syrups using the immobilized enzyme Sweetzyme of Novozymes® was carried out. The best results were achieved with substrate concentrations of 30% p/v for both yam species, which showed fructose concentrations of 220.57 and 210.36 g/L with conversions of 71.46% and 67.28% in Espino and Diamond yams respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the yam species ( D. alata var. Diamante and D. rotundata var. Espino) at a confidence level of 5%, regarding the production of fructose syrup.
ELABORATION OF A SCALDED SAUSAGE USING COMMON BEAN FLOUR (Phaseolus spp.) AS EXTENDER
Authors: ALBARRACÍN H. William , ACOSTA A. Luisa F. , SÁNCHEZ B. Iván C.
Published: January 2023

The use of extenders in the meat industry seeks to replace meat protein in general by vegetal protein from leguminous raw materials easily obtainable with the aim to reduce production costs. In this work was used flour from common bean (Phaseolus spp.) variety Sabanero as an extender, at concentrations of 3%, 6% and 9% for the elaboration of Frankfurt type sausages. The results showed that when the extender concentration was increased, the product lightness increased, the red color decreased and that shear force and hardness increased but adhesiveness and elasticity diminished. Sensory analysis showed greater

acceptance by the consumer of the control samples (without extender) followed by the 3% treatment.
PRODUCTION OF 2-PHENYLETHANOL IN THE BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CINNAMYL ALCOHOL BY THE PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGUS Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: VELASCO B. Rodrigo , GIL G. Jesús H. , GARCÍA P. Carlos M. , DURANGO R. Diego L.
Published: January 2023

Biocatalytic processes may offer a cheaper alternative to natural production of flavours. The biotransformation of cinnamyl alcohol is investigated using the plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum as a biocatalyst. Results show that substrate is converted to 3-phenyl-1-propanol, 1-phenyl-1,3- propanediol, 2-phenylethanol, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, 3-phenyl propyl acetate, and hydrocinnamic acid. The structures of the metabolic products are elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. 2-phenylethanol has a sweet, floral odor and a wide variety of applications, especially, for the perfume and food industries. A time-course experiment demonstrates that 2-phenylethanol appeared after 120 hours, reaching almost 8% of relative abundance. Additionally, the influence that the culture broth has on the conversion capacity is investigated. It has been discovered that cinnamyl alcohol is converted faster when the substrate is incorporated in a Sabouraud medium; under this condition, 2-phenylethanol is the most common product after 288 hours reaching about 90% of the relative abundance. Biotransformation of cinnamyl alcohol using C. acutatum in a Sabouraud medium can offer a simple and efficient way to obtain 2-phenylethanol with high yield.
INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Murraya paniculata AGAINST MYOTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASES A2
Authors: LOBO E. Tatiana , PEREAÑEZ Jaime A. , Zapata A. Karol , GUTIÉRREZ Pablo A. , LONDOÑO Mónica , NÚÑEZ Vitelbina , ROJANO Benjamín A.
Published: January 2023

Envenomation by snakes of the genus Bothrops are a health problem in some tropical countries, not only because of the mortality but given the high percentage of physical disabilities it causes. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are abundant constituents in bothropic and crotalic venoms, characterized by inducing irreversible muscle damage. Due to the contribution of plants in the snakebite treatment, we focus on the search of phospholipases inhibitors, either as an alternative treatment or as a therapeutic adjuvant of the current treatments. From a screening of 37 vascular plants and bryophytes in the search for such inhibitors, the species Murraya paniculata was selected due to its promising preliminary activity. Starting from this point further work consisting of bioassay-guided fractionation followed by the evaluation of the inhibitory activity of PLA2, the metabolites responsible for the activity were detected through a tandem of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry in the most active fraction, to propose substrate-enzyme inhibition model. The aims of this project was the search of promising compounds with an inhibitory activity of the PLA2 in vascular plants such as M. paniculata, that could become tools for developing new products to improve the prognosis of the snakebite.
ANTIQUORUM SENSING ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF THE GENUS PIPER
Authors: OLIVERO V. Jesús T. , PÁJARO C. Nerlis P. , STASHENKO Elena
Published: January 2023

Quorum sensing is a bacterial communication mechanism that depends on population density, and occurs through molecules called autoinducers. These molecules activate receptors, enabling the transcription of genes that encode information needed to control several biochemical mechanisms associated with bacterial survival and pathogenicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibitory effect of essential oils of three species of Piper on the production of violacein, induced by N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Results show that essential oils from Piper bredemeyeri, Piper brachypodom and Piper bogotence present 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for quorum sensing of 45.6 µg/mL, 93.1 µg/mL, and 513.8 µg/mL, respectively. However, in terms of cell growth, IC50 values for these oils are greater than 1000 µg/mL. These data suggest that essential oils isolated from Piper species found in Colombian flora are good candidates for the development of antiquorum sensing molecules, with possible applications in the control of bacterial diseases.
Urban Heritage in Transformation: Physical and Non-Physical Dimensions of Changing Contexts
Authors: Eckardt Frank , AlSadaty Aliaa
Published: January 2023

Urban heritage is at the core of the process of many changes observable in the cities today. The pace of urban change in heritage contexts, however, differs widely across the globe. In some areas, it goes slowly, in others it is astonishingly rapid. In some cases, change is coupled with risks of erosion of heritage and urban areas of value and in others change is synonymous with prosperity and positive impacts. Change in urban heritage areas is not only confined to the physical and tangible aspects, but needs to be regarded as mirroring changes related socio-political practices, economic implications, and cultural impacts. In this regard, the present thematic issue looks at various patterns of the interrelationship between heritage and urban change from both the physical and the non-physical perspectives. This editorial presents the topic of urban heritage and patterns of physical and non-physical transformation in urban heritage contexts and introduces the thematic issue “Urban Heritage and Patterns of Change: Spatial Practices of Physical and Non-Physical Transformation.”
Ötekileştirmenin Bir Aracı Olarak Medya: Mültecilere Yönelik Avrupa ve Amerika Basınından Örnekler
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Merve , AKDAĞ Mustafa
Published: January 2023

Ötekileştirme süreci en temelde ben ve biz olarak algılananın dışında kalanı ifade etmektedir. Psikolojik bir benlik süreci ile başlayan bu durum, kitlesel bir forma dönüşerek biz olanla bütünleşmeyi beraberinde getirmektedir. Fakat ben ve biz dışında kalanlar ise zihinlerde sıklıkla öteki olarak kodlanmakta ve kitle psikolojisinin de devreye girmesiyle çoğunluğun azınlığı dışladığı bir durum haline dönüşmektedir. Bu sebeple öteki kavramı tarih boyunca biz ve onlar şeklinde sıklıkla ayrılarak varlığını göstermiştir. Bu karşıtlığın en önemli göstergelerinden olan Doğu-Batı ayrımı ise birinin kendini var edebilmesi için diğerine duyulan ihtiyacı en iyi şekilde örneklendirmektedir. Doğu ve Batı karşıtlığı içerisinde devam eden bu durum bir tarafta var olan yaşamların diğerini kapsamadığına işaret ederken diğer yandan bizden olmayanın bir öteki olduğunu da sıklıkla göstermektedir. Karşılıklı bir bütünleşmenin olmadığı yerde ise ayrışma ve ötekileştirme hali baş göstermektedir. Bu düzlemde çalışma, Avrupa ve Amerika basınında ötekileştirme kavramının mülteciler üzerinden nasıl ele alındığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada savaş sebebiyle farklı ülkelere giden Suriyeli, Afgan ve Ukraynalı mültecilere karşı yapılan haber içerikleri, içerik analizi tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Buradan hareketle çalışmada Suriye, Afganistan ve Ukrayna’dan Avrupa’ya göç eden mültecilerin Avrupa ve Amerika basınında farklı bir sunum ile ele alındığı görülmüştür.
The Effects Of Hate Speech On Social Media: The Case Of Syrian Refugees In Türkiye
Authors: ÖKTEN SİPAHİOĞLU Buket
Published: January 2023

Making hate speech on social media has started to reach great dimensions with the increase in internet usage and therefore social media users. Especially in recent years, the use of social media in a bureaucratic dimension has integrated the concept of social media diplomacy into our lives. Syrian refugees, who have been on Turkish territory for more than 10 years and most of them are still under temporary protection, have made Türkiye the country hosting the highest number of refugees in the world. After the civil war that started in their country, millions of Syrians came to Türkiye and settled in Türkiye. The population is constantly increasing with new births and there is an intense Syrian population presence, especially in some cities and regions. Therefore, anti-immigrant and anti-refugee discourses have started to increase in Türkiye, and social media has become an important channel for the dissemination of these discourses and the organization of these ideas. This study, in a descriptive way, defines hate speech and offers such discourse examples while explaining how Syrian immigrants, as the majority immigrant group, are subjected to hate speech on social media.
Kolektif Bilinçdışı Unsurların Reklamlarda Sosyal İçerikli Korku Kullanımı Üzerindeki Rolü
Authors: ÖZDEL Gizem , ÖZKAYA Betül
Published: January 2023

Günümüzde bilinçdışı, birçok kişinin bildiği ve kendi hayatında rüyalarını, psikolojik sorunlarını açıklamakta ilk başvurduğu olgudur. Analitik psikolojide ise kavram kolektif bilinçdışı olarak genişletilmiş haliyle, özellikle toplumların kültürle harmanlanmış, bütün kalıp yapılarını taşıma görevi nedeniyle oldukça önemlidir. Korkularını, kaygılarını bireysel bilinçdışı bağlamında açıklama ihtiyacı hisseden bireyin, günümüzde toplum kaynaklı korkularını çözmekte ise, başvuracağı yere dair bir bilgisi yoktur. Ancak, aslında statüsünü kaybetmekten, dışlanmaktan korkan bireyin çözümü kolektif bilinçdışında gizlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Türk toplumunun sosyal korku varlığını, nicel araştırma yöntemleriyle ölçümlemek ve sosyal korkunun etkin kullanımında, kolektif bilinçdışı unsurların yerini nitel araştırma yöntemleri ile tespit edebilmektir. Karma araştırmanın ilk aşamasında 18-24 yaş arası 450 üniversite öğrencisi katılımcı üzerinde yapılan çevrim içi anket çalışmasıyla, bireylerin fiziksel korkularının yanı sıra sosyal korkularının da olduğu saptanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise sosyal korkusu en yüksek 10 kişiyle gerçekleştirilen çevrim içi derinlemesine görüşmelerle Türk üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel korkulardan çok sosyal korkular taşıdıkları ve bu korkularının kolektif bilinçdışı kalıplar doğrultusunda şekillendiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, karma araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak toplumumuzun korku türlerinin belirlenmesi ve reklamda kullanılabilecek etkin sosyal korku ile kolektif bilinçdışı arasındaki ilişkinin çözümlenmesi adına oldukça önemlidir.
The Use Of Cartoons In The Transfering Historical Places To Children: The Example Of Istanbul Guards
Authors: YOLCU Pelin , ÇİFTÇİ Hasan
Published: January 2023

There are many studies in the literature that investigate the effects of cartoons on children and their functions. Cartoons are also essential visual elements in conveying narratives and cultures from the past to the present. The aim of this study, which examines the role of cartoons in transmitting historical places to the next generations, is to introduce the historical places in the Istanbul Guards cartoon and to create historical awareness in children. This study, which was designed using the content analysis method, was structured as a case study to make an in-depth analysis. While the episodes of Istanbul's Guards, one of the children's favourite cartoons and broadcast on TRT Children's channel, constitute the research sample, the data were obtained and analyzed through document analysis. The research were examined eight episodes of the cartoon "The Guardians of Istanbul". As a result, it has been tried to be revealed with this study that historic places can be transferred to children with cartoons and that cartoons can play an active role in creating historical awareness, especially in children.
The Impact of Nomophobia and Loneliness on Life Satisfaction in Married Couples
Authors: ASLAN Melda , KALAMAN Sefer , ÖZDEMİR Feride
Published: January 2023

The development of new technologies and virtual communication has led to substantial increase in usage of personal computers, tablets and smartphones. This has caused significant changes in both daily habits and behaviors of individuals. One of these changes is Nomophobia. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to reveal the effects of nomophobia and loneliness experienced by married individuals in Türkiye on their life satisfaction and analyse the mediating role of loneliness between nomophobia and life satisfaction. Within the scope of the research, married individuals were reached by questionnaire method for collecting data regarding nomophobia, loneliness and life satisfaction. The population of the research consists of individuals from Türkiye, who got married between 2016 and 2020, and use both smart phones and social media. 1028 married individuals living in different provinces of Türkiye, determined using convenience sampling method, represent the sample of the research. According to the obtained results of the research, nomophobia and loneliness of married individuals affect their life satisfaction. Loneliness experienced by married individuals affects life satisfaction. In addition, the findings show that loneliness mediates nomophobia and life satisfaction.
Reflections of the Female Identity Constructions in Animation Movies: An Analysis on of Disney and Hayao Miyazaki Movies
Authors: TAŞKIN Hilal , SABUNCUOĞLU İNANÇ Ayda
Published: January 2023

It is observed that women have a series of roles that are positioned within the framework of beautiful and attractive adjectives in the traditional order of social structure and they do not have a life away from home. It has been seen that the identity elements of women have begun to change during the transition to the process of modernism. Within the scope of the study, the changes that the female identity has undergone from the traditional period to the present were analyzed through the female characters in animated films. Twenty posters of Disney and Hayao Miyazaki animated films made between 1984 and 2022 were analyzed by semiotics in the context of female identity construction. The answer to five basic questions were sought, which include the roles identified with women's identity in the posters, the imposition of beauty, the existence of environmental pressure elements on women, as well as the reflections of the change that women's identity has experienced until the postmodern period. According to the research results; over time, the representation of women in Disney animated posters has changed and the characters became more individualized women who pursue their freedom. Additionally, research results showed that Hayao Miyazaki's female characters in animated movies were not subjected to the imposition of beauty, did not need a male hero, and even had an identity structure in which they were positioned in the role of savior.