MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF RATS IN MODELED BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA COMPLICATED BY EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL BLEEDING AND UNDER CONDITIONS OF CORRECTION
Authors: Nebesna Zoia , Khomenko Vitaly 
Published: August 2023

Abdominal trauma is a type of traumatic injury that occurs in the abdomen and is divided into open and closed. Closed abdominal trauma involves damage to the parenchymal organs, in particular the organs of the hepatobiliary system. Histological changes in the liver can vary depending on the level of damage and traumatic mechanism. In case of signiﬁ cant damage to the parenchyma and stroma of the organ, processes such as hypoxia, hypertrophy and hemorrhage occur.Objective. To determine the morphological changes in the liver of rats under conditions of closed abdominal trauma complicated by external and internal bleeding and correction with arminids. Material and Methods. The experimental study was performed on 132 sexually mature white male rats. Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) was inﬂ icted by a solid object with a ﬂ at nozzle and energy of 0.7 J under general anesthesia with thiopental sodium. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups: 1 – intact group, 2 – BAT and where extensive external bleeding was caused by transection of the femoral vein, 3 – BAT where bleeding was caused from the femoral vein, then blood from the wound in the volume of 20 % of the circulating blood was taken into a syringe and injected intraperitoneally, 4 – group with correction with arminide. For microscopic studies, the liver was sampled in accordance with the generally accepted methodology. Histological slides of liver that were examined from laboratory rats of the control group showed a typical lobular structure of the organ. In the second experimental group, signiﬁ cant vascular disorders in the liver, central vein hemorrhage, disorganization of hepatic lining, hepatocyte dystrophy occurred after 7 days, and after 14 days, alternative changes in hepatocytes in peripheral areas of portal tracts, dilated lumens of central arteries were detected. Under the conditions of application of the correction factor, after 7 days, destructive changes in hepatocytes, vascular disorders, macrophage reaction were established, and on day 14, remodeling of the organ’s vessels was less than in the previous period, the manifestations of discomplexity of the beams of hepatocytes of the liver lobe, their dystrophy were partially reduced, binuclear hepatocytes and cells with mitotic ﬁ gures were more often detected, indicating the activation of regenerative processes.Conclusions. The histoarchitectonics of the liver of experimental animals modeled with blunt abdominal trauma, external and internal bleeding after 7 days of experiment underwent the most prominent dystrophic and necrotic changes in hepatocytes among all groups of observations, extensive histoleukocyte clusters and macrophages in the portal tracts, against the background of deep circulatory disorders with the formation of hemorrhages on 14th day. In the group of animals modeled with blunt abdominal trauma, external and internal bleeding and under the conditions of the corrective drug administration both on 7th day and to a greater extent on day 14th, a lesser degree of dystrophic- necrotic changes in hepatocytes was found, the macrophage reaction decreased, hemodynamics of the organ and the integrity of the vessel wall were partially restored, indicating the activation of the regenerative potential of the organ.