bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Error Suppression for Accurate Detection of Low‐Frequency Variants
Authors: Chen Huimin , Yu Fei , Lu Debin , Huang Shiyue , Liu Songrui , Zhang Boseng , Shu Kunxian , Pu Dan
Published: December 2024

The identification of low‐frequency variants remains challenging due to the inevitable high error rates of next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Numerous promising strategies employ unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) for error suppression. However, their efficiency depends highly on redundant sequencing and quality control, leading to tremendous read waste and cost inefficiency. Here, we describe a novel approach, enhanced error suppression strategy (EES), that addresses these challenges by (1) optimizing data utilization and reducing read waste by utilizing single‐read correction that reserves abundant single reads that complement other single reads or single‐strand consensus sequences (SSCSs), and (2) effectively enhancing the accuracy of NGS by employing Bayes’ theorem. EES significantly improves variant detection accuracy, achieving a background error rate of less than 4.4 × 10−5 per base pair. Additionally, the data utilization rate is dramatically increased, with a 22.9‐fold enhancement in duplex consensus sequence (DCS) recovery compared to traditional methodologies. Furthermore, EES demonstrates superior error suppression performance across various base substitutions. In conclusion, EES represents a significant advancement in detecting low‐frequency variants by improving data utilization and reducing sequencing errors. It potentially enhances the sensitivity and accuracy of NGS applications, proving highly valuable in clinical and research contexts where precise variant detection is critical.
Silver Electrodes for Organic Solar Cells Printed via Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer
Authors: Bibrack Max , Distler Andreas , Wagner Michael , Forberich Karen , Brabec Christoph , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim
Published: December 2024

Laser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT) is presented as a new, contactless, and roll‐to‐roll compatible method for the deposition of silver top electrodes for organic solar cells (OSCs). Employing a nanosecond laser, highly reflective silver electrodes are printed by LIFT onto OSCs with P3HT:o‐IDTBR bulk heterojunction layers. Upon optimization of ink composition, source film thickness, and laser parameters, the resulting organic solar cells reach efficiencies of more than 5%, which are similar to those of reference devices with vapor‐deposited silver electrodes.
Incidence and Predictors of Later Epilepsy in Neonates with Encephalopathy: The Impact of Electrographic Seizures
Authors: Stephens Carol M. , Proietti Jacopo , Mathieson Sean R. , Livingstone Vicki , McNamara Brian , McSweeney Niamh , O'Mahony Olivia , Walsh Brian H. , Murray Deirdre M. , Boylan Geraldine B.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To determine the incidence of later epilepsy in full‐term infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) who undergo continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring in the neonatal period and to identify potential predictors of later epilepsy both in infants with and without electrographic neonatal seizures (ENS).

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study performed at Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland, between 2003 and 2019. All term infants with NE had a minimum of 2 h of cEEG monitoring in the neonatal period. ENS were identified via cEEG monitoring. Pediatric medical charts were reviewed to determine if epilepsy developed after the neonatal period and to determine potential predictors of epilepsy in infants both with and without ENS.

Results

Two hundred and eighty infants were included. The overall incidence rate of epilepsy was 17.55 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 10.91 to 28.23). In infants with ENS (n = 82), the incidence rate was 39.27 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 22.30 to 69.16). In infants without ENS (n = 198), the incidence rate was 7.54 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 3.14 to 18.12). The incidence rate was significantly higher in the ENS group compared to the non‐ENS group (p‐value = 0.002). Several potential predictors for the development of later epilepsy were identified including infants delivered vaginally, low Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min, severe HIE diagnosis, presence of ENS, a severely abnormal EEG background and an abnormal brain MRI.

Significance

Following NE, term infants are at risk of epilepsy with a significantly higher incidence rate in infants who experience ENS compared to those who did not. Close follow‐up is required in both groups well into the childhood period.

Plain Language Summary

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of epilepsy in children who were monitored for seizures in the newborn period. The occurrence of epilepsy was higher in infants who experienced seizures in the newborn period compared to those who did not. Several potential predictors of later epilepsy were identified in both groups of infants (those with and without seizures in the newborn period). Both groups of infants require close follow‐up in childhood.
Numerical Study on the Effect of the Combined Radial Flow Field on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Wu Weidong , Chen Yuan , Huang Zongming , Li Menghan , Liu Xiaori , Rao Zhonghao
Published: December 2024

As the flow field structure has a crucial influence on the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, in this research, the radial flow field R‐0 is designed and optimized based on the characteristics of the annular serpentine and annular flow channels to form combined flow field structure (R‐1 to R‐5). Subsequently, a three‐dimensional and two‐phase model is established and the effects of each flow field on the cell performance are numerically investigated. Results indicate that the R‐0 can enhance the gas vertical velocity on the diffusion‐catalyst interface compared to the parallel flow field, which increases the effective concentration of reaction gases within the catalyst layer, thereby accelerating the electrochemical reaction rate, and the performance of the combined flow fields is further improved. In addition, the effect of the percentage of annular serpentine within the combined flow field on the concentration distribution, uniformity, and output performance is analyzed. Results indicate that increasing the percentage of annular serpentine structure can increase the pressure between adjacent channels, and thus the higher pressure and concentration gradient generated can enhance the gas transport and reduce the water accumulation under the ribs thus effectively improving the cell performance.
Pregnancy Entails a Metabolic Rewiring of Maternal Circulating Neutrophils
Authors: Calo Guillermina , Merech Fátima , Sabbione Florencia , Hauk Vanesa , Lara Brenda , Doga Luciana , D'eramo Luciana , Squassi Aldo , Ramhorst Rosanna , Trevani Analía , Vota Daiana , Leirós Claudia Pérez
Published: December 2024

Immunometabolism is an emerging growing field that focuses on the role of cellular metabolism in the regulation of immune cell function and fate. Thus, proliferation, differentiation, activation, and function of immune cell populations are modulated by reprogramming their fueling and metabolic pathways. Pregnancy entails a fine immune and metabolic regulation of the maternal−fetal interaction to assist the energetic demands of the fetus where trophoblast cells have a central role. Maternal neutrophil functional shaping by trophoblast cells has been proposed though their metabolic conditioning during pregnancy has not been studied yet. Here, we explored the effects of trophoblast‐derived factors on the metabolic rewiring of neutrophils from nonpregnant women and its impact on central functions like reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, and migration. In parallel, the immunometabolic status and function of neutrophils isolated from pregnant women (16−20 weeks) was compared with nonpregnant age‐matched control samples. Trophoblast‐derived factors induced glucose uptake and lipid droplet accumulation without activating ROS production or NET release. Conditioned media from trophoblast cells also inhibited PMA‐induced NETosis partly by impairing glucose uptake in neutrophils. In turn, neutrophils from pregnant women had increased basal ROS production, lipid accumulation, and glucose uptake compared to neutrophils from nonpregnant women, accompanied by a higher release of PMA‐induced NETs. Interestingly, PMA‐induced NETs was blocked by a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor in neutrophils from pregnant women indicating the contribution of fatty acid metabolism to neutrophil activity during pregnancy. Results are consistent with immunometabolic mechanisms underlying the functional shaping of neutrophils during pregnancy and point out the contribution of trophoblast‐derived factors to their metabolic profiling. These findings provide novel immunometabolic clues to understand immune homeostasis maintenance during pregnancy and raise the clinical potential of monitoring neutrophil metabolism during normal and complicated pregnancies.
Enhanced Brain Tumor Classification Through Optimized Semantic Preserved Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Chaitanya Durbhakula M. K. , Aouthu Srilakshmi , Dhanalakshmi Narra , Srinivas Yerram , Dhanikonda Srinivasa Rao , Chinna Rao B.
Published: December 2024

Brain tumor is a most dangerous disease and requires accurate diagnosis in a short period to ensure the best treatment. Traditional methods for brain tumor classification (BTC) are quite effective, even though usually resulting in clinical manual analysis, which takes more time and prone to errors. Initially, the input image is collected from Brain Tumor dataset. The gathered image is given to preprocessing. In preprocessing stage, trust‐based distributed set‐membership filtering (TDSF) is used to remove the noise. The preprocessed output is fed to the quaternion offset linear canonical transform (QOLCT) for Grayscale statistic and Haralick texture features extraction. Then the extracted features are fed to the Semantic‐Preserved Generative Adversarial Network (SPGAN) for classifying the brain tumor into Glioma, Meningioma and Pituitary. Finally, Hunger Games Search Optimization (HGSO) is used to enhance the weight parameters of SPGAN. The proposed BTC‐SPGAN‐HGSO method attains the accuracies of 99.72% for Glioma, 99.65% for Meningioma, 99.52% for Pituitary and lowest MSE values across all tumor types, with 0.45% for Glioma, 0.39% for Meningioma, and 0.5% for Pituitary, which performs better than existing models. The simulation results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed BTC‐SPGAN‐HGSO approach in improving the accuracy of BTC and assist neurologists and physicians make exact decisions of diagnostic.
CD7‐targeting pro‐apoptotic extracellular vesicles: A novel approach for T‐cell haematological malignancy therapy
Authors: Zhang Bei , Chen Jianqiang , Chen Jiming , Shen Yingying , Chen Yinghu , Wang Shibo , Zhang Chengyan , He Yuzhou , Feng Huajun , Wang Jiaoli , Cai Zhijian
Published: December 2024

T‐cell haematological malignancies progress rapidly and have a high mortality rate and effective treatments are still lacking. Here, we developed a drug delivery system utilizing 293T cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) modified with an anti‐CD7 single‐chain variable fragment (αCD7/EVs). Given the challenges of chemotherapy resistance in patients with T‐cell malignancy, we selected cytochrome C (CytC) and Bcl2 siRNA (siBcl2) as therapeutic agents and loaded them into αCD7/EVs (αCD7/EVs/CytC/siBcl2). We found that αCD7/EVs efficiently targeted and were internalized by human T‐ALL Molt‐4 cells. In addition, the interaction between αCD7 and CD7 switched the EV entry pathway in Molt‐4 cells from macropinocytosis‐dependent endocytosis to clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, thereby reducing EV‐lysosome colocalization, ultimately improving CytC delivery efficiency and increasing the cytotoxicity of nascent EVs from EV‐treated Molt‐4 cells. Notably, αCD7/EVs/CytC/siBcl2 demonstrated similar efficacy against both Molt‐4 and chemotherapy‐resistant Molt‐4 cells (CR‐Molt‐4). Furthermore, αCD7/EVs/CytC/siBcl2 exhibited high safety, low immunogenicity and minimal impact on human T cells. Therefore, αCD7/EVs/CytC/siBcl2 are promising therapeutic approaches for treating CD7+ T‐cell malignancies.
Machine Learning Methods Based on Limited Meteorological Data to Simulate Potential Evapotranspiration: A Case Study of Source Region of Yellow River Basin
Authors: Pei Yinan , Jian Shengqi , Zhang Guodong
Published: December 2024

Simulation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) is an important part of drought warning and water resource planning. However, the commonly used empirical models need to input a large number of meteorological elements. Therefore, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of PET simulation in areas lacking meteorological data, this study evaluated the performance of Extreme learning machine (ELM), multi‐layer perceptron (MLP), and Random Forest (RF) three machine learning methods to simulate daily PET using limited meteorological data in the source region of the Yellow River (SYRB). Two bionic optimization algorithms, Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), were used to optimise the hyperparameters of the model to improve the accuracy of the model. In addition, the effect of months on daily PET simulations was evaluated. The results showed that the daily maximum temperature (Tmax) was the most important factor affecting the PET simulation, and the daily average relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (U10) were the secondary factors. It is recommended to use Tmax, RH, U10, and sunshine duration as the optimum combination of input (R2 > 0.95). In the case of limited meteorological data, the input combination of Tmax, RH, U10, or Tmax, RH (R2 > 0.75) was considered. Considering the accuracy and the time and space overhead of the model, the ELM‐GWO model is recommended. When month information was used as an input factor, model performance improved in all scenarios, and June to July was the most accurate month for the model to simulate daily PET. This research resultwill allow researchers to choose the appropriate meteorological factor when simulating the PET to provide the reference.
Vertical nitrate flux fuels new production over summertime Northeast U.S. Shelf
Authors: Zheng Bofu , Zhang Weifeng (Gordon) , Ji Rubao , Stanley Rachel H. R. , Crockford E. Taylor , Fontaine Diana N. , Peacock Emily E. , Rynearson Tatiana A. , Sosik Heidi M.
Published: December 2024

In aquatic ecosystems, allochthonous nutrient transport to the euphotic zone is an important process that fuels new production. Here, we use high‐resolution physical and biogeochemical observations from five summers to estimate the mean vertical nitrate flux, and thus new production over the Northeast U.S. Shelf (NES). We find that the summertime nitrate field is primarily controlled by biological uptake and physical advection–diffusion processes, above and below the 1% light level depth, respectively. We estimate the vertical nitrate flux to be 8.2 ± 5.3 × 10−6 mmol N m−2 s−1 for the mid‐shelf and 12.6 ± 8.6 × 10−6 mmol N m−2 s−1 for the outer shelf. Furthermore, we show that the new production to total primary production ratio (i.e., the f‐ratio), consistently ranges between 10% and 15% under summer conditions on the NES. Two independent approaches—nitrate flux‐based new production and O2/Ar‐based net community production—corroborate the robustness of the f‐ratio estimation. Since ~ 85% of the total primary production is fueled by recycled nutrients over sufficiently broad spatial and temporal scales, less than 15% of the organic matter produced in summer is available for export from the NES euphotic zone. Our direct quantification of new production not only provides more precise details about key processes for NES food webs and ecosystem function, but also demonstrates the potential of this approach to be applied to other similar datasets to understand nutrient and carbon cycling in the global ocean.
Transparent Composite for Cooperative Near‐infrared and X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Huang Yupeng , Lv Shichao , Wang Dazhao , Dong Quan , Hou Dianhao , Chen Jingfei , Yu Zhuoming , Jiang Quan , Li Xueliang , Wu YuanKui , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng
Published: December 2024

The advancement of imaging technology has significantly contributed to the progress in medical diagnosis and treatment, biomedical science, and various other fields. However, the visualization of comprehensive information on the imaged target remains a great challenge, especially for the complex biological system. Herein, it is proposed that the Cr3+‐doped transparent glass composite with near‐infrared (NIR) activity may gift a new possibility for achieving cooperative imaging. It presents remarkable photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) response in the NIR region, with ultra‐broadband tunable luminescence (full‐width half‐maximum from 47 to 263 nm), excellent external quantum efficiency (>50%), and robust RL thermal quenching resistance (83.85%@150 °C). Benefiting from these distinctive features, NIR imaging and high‐resolution X‐ray imaging with a spatial resolution exceeding 19 lp mm−1 are successfully realized. Furthermore, a cooperative imaging device is developed and its practical applications for simultaneously visualizing bone and blood vessels in biological targets are demonstrated. These findings represent a significant advancement in the field of NIR active photonic materials for cutting‐edge imaging technology.
Urban Green Innovation and the Export of Low‐Carbon Products by Firms in Emerging Markets: Evidence From Chinese Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Gao Qiang , Song Lin , Hu Chen‐Xi , Shi Beibei
Published: December 2024

Given the backdrop of global warming and the rise of more stringent green trade barriers, such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, we utilize data from firms in the world's largest emerging market to theoretically analyze and empirically test the effects of urban green innovation on the export of low‐carbon products by firms. First, urban green innovation significantly boosts the export of low‐carbon products by firms. Second, our analysis of the mechanisms shows that urban green innovation enhances firms' export of low‐carbon products by lowering production costs, easing internal financing constraints, and helping them navigate green trade barriers in host countries. Third, urban green innovation contributes simultaneously to reducing firms' energy consumption and pollution emissions, and it plays a significant role in expanding the export variety of low‐carbon products by firms, as well as increasing the number of host countries they serve. Our heterogeneity analysis reveals that the more differentiated the low‐carbon products, the greater the impact of urban green innovation. Moreover, urban green innovation has a more significant effect on promoting the export of low‐carbon products by non–state‐owned firms compared to state‐owned ones.
Rational function solutions of higher‐order dispersive cubic‐quintic nonlinear Schrödinger dynamical model and its applications in fiber optics
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Yasin Faisal , Aldosary Saud Fahad , Rezazadeh Hadi , Farman Muhammad , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2024

The study explores a series of cubic‐quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher‐order dispersive characteristics. This equation is also a fundamental equation in nonlinear physics that is used to depict the dynamics of femtosecond light pulses propagating through a medium with a nonlinearity profile characterized by a parabolic function. Symbolic computation is utilized, and the double
‐expansion technique is applied to investigate the mathematical characteristics of this equation. Novel solitons and rational function solutions in various forms of the high‐order dispersive cubic‐quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation are derived. These solutions have applications in engineering, nonlinear physics and fiber optics, providing insights into the physical nature of wave propagation in dispersive optics media. The results obtained form a basis for understanding complex physical phenomena in the described dynamical model. The computational approach employed is demonstrated to be straightforward, versatile, potent, and effective. Additionally, the presented solutions showcase various intriguing patterns, including kink‐type periodic waves, combined bright‐dark periodic waves, multipeak solitons, and breather‐type waves. This diverse set of solutions contributes to the interpretation of the dynamical model, illustrating its complexity. Moreover, the simplicity and effectiveness of our computational technique make it applicable to solving similar models in physics and other fields of applied science.
High‐Q LNA With a VCO for Small Calibration Frequency Errors
Authors: Lee Gyeong‐Seok , Huynh Phuoc B. T. , Park Jun‐Young , Yun Tae‐Yeoul
Published: December 2024

A high‐quality (Q) low‐noise amplifier (LNA) combined with a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented for small frequency errors in self‐calibration. The proposed new double capacitive‐cross‐coupled structure controls negative impedance and thus, changes the working mode between the LNA and VCO with a small variation of parasitic capacitance, which results in a small calibration frequency error. High‐Q and low‐noise performances were theoretically analyzed and confirmed by simulation and measurement. The measured LNA operated from 2.2 to 2.44 GHz with a Q‐factor of 34 while the frequency offset was less than 0.9%. A power gain of 27 dB, noise figure of 2.1 dB, and input third‐order intercept point (IIP3) of −17 dBm were obtained while the power dissipations of the LNA and VCO modes were 10.2 and 4.7 mW from a 1.5‐V supply, respectively.
Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Enables the Tracing of Substrate Fluxes Through the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in the Liver
Authors: Ehret Viktoria , Dürr Sabine C. , Ustsinau Usevalad , Friske Joachim , Scherer Thomas , Fürnsinn Clemens , Starčuková Jana , Helbich Thomas H. , Philippe Cécile , Krššák Martin
Published: December 2024

Alterations in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism are associated with hepatic metabolic disorders. Elevated hepatic acetate concentrations, often attributed to high caloric intake, are recognized as a pivotal factor in the etiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the assessment of acetate breakdown and TCA cycle activity plays a central role in understanding the impact of diet‐induced alterations on liver metabolism. Magnetic resonance‐based deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) could help to unravel the underlying mechanisms involved in disease development and progression, however, the application of conventional deuterated glucose does not lead to substantial enrichment in hepatic glutamine and glutamate. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of DMI for tracking deuterated acetate breakdown via the TCA cycle in lean and diet‐induced fatty liver (FL) rats using 3D DMI after an intraperitoneal infusion of sodium acetate‐d3 at 9.4T. Localized and nonlocalized liver spectra acquired at 10 time points post‐injection over a 130‐min study revealed similar intrahepatic acetate uptake in both animal groups (AUCFL = 717.9 ± 131.1 mM▯min−1, AUClean = 605.1 ± 119.9 mM▯min−1, p = 0.62). Metabolic breakdown could be observed in both groups with an emerging glutamine/glutamate (Glx) peak as a downstream metabolic product (AUCFL = 113.6 ± 23.8 mM▯min−1, AUClean = 136.7 ± 41.7 mM▯min−1, p = 0.68).

This study showed the viability of DMI for tracking substrate flux through the TCA cycle, underscoring its methodological potential for imaging metabolic processes in the body.
Partnership With Patient Advocacy Organizations Improves Research Recruitment
Authors: Wiener Lori , Buff Kimberly , Canter Kimberly , Pariseau Emily , Scialla Michele A. , Brown Victoria Sardi , Kazak Anne E.
Published: December 2024

Incorporating and elevating the voices of patients and families is of utmost importance in pediatric psychosocial research. While recognized as a priority, this practice is not commonplace, and specific guidance regarding best practices and procedures is largely absent. This paper describes partnering equitably with pediatric oncology patient advocacy groups to conduct the Implementing the Standards Together: Engaging Parents and Providers in Psychosocial Care (iSTEPPP) study. The partnership was critical for all steps of the research process, including study development, refinement of the survey instrument, and recruitment procedures. We describe our overall approach, providing specific illustrative examples and highlighting opportunities for future growth.
Possibilities of Application of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas in Dentistry—A Narrative Review
Authors: Banaszak Angelika , Terefinko Dominik , Motyka‐Pomagruk Agata , Grzebieluch Wojciech , Wdowiak Justyna , Pohl Pawel , Sledz Wojciech , Malicka Barbara , Jamroz Piotr , Skoskiewicz‐Malinowska Katarzyna , Dzimitrowicz Anna
Published: December 2024

According to the World Human Organization (WHO), dental and periodontal diseases are common among the human population. Traditional dentistry offers a wide range of methods for treating oral diseases and performing esthetic procedures. In contrast, cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) has been found to be a promising technology in multiple fields, particularly in medical sciences such as dentistry. In this study, CAPP might be a promising adjunct to conventional dental treatments. A substantial number of studies have confirmed the effectiveness of both direct and indirect CAPP applications in dentistry. Because CAPP technology is fast, inexpensive, and noninvasive, we aim to review recent literature focused on the application of this methodology in dentistry.
Evaluation of olfactory and visual cues for conservation biological control of crape myrtle bark scale in urban landscapes
Authors: Ibiyemi Oluwatomi D , Carroll Elijah P , Held David W , Chicas‐Mosier Ana M
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Acanthacoccus lagerstroemiae (crape myrtle bark scale, CMBS) is an exotic scale insect that feeds on the sap of crape myrtle trees. Heavy infestations of CMBS reduce flowering and honeydew promotes sooty mold growth on the leaves and branches, reducing the aesthetic value of crape myrtle trees in urban landscapes. Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are generalist predators that feed on CMBS. Several laboratory and field studies have demonstrated the attraction of lady beetles to olfactory and visual cues. We evaluated lady beetles’ responses to olfactory lures and yellow visual attractants on infested potted and landscape trees to increase natural enemy recruitment and reduce dependence on chemical control methods.

RESULTS

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed that limonene is the dominant volatile compound released by crape myrtles infested with CMBS. Limonene and methyl salicylate lures, alone or in combination, failed to reduce CMBS or recruit additional lady beetles to infested trees in all experiments. Yellow rectangular panels placed 1 m above the base of an infested tree recruited up to twofold more lady beetles than control trees; however, this was not statistically significant. A significant reduction in CMBS was observed on infested trees with yellow rectangular panels placed in the canopy.

CONCLUSION

Yellow rectangular panels are more likely to recruit lady beetles than limonene or methyl salicylate lures in an urban landscape. Management of CMBS is currently achieved using systemic insecticides. This study provides a basis for conservation biological control of CMBS through the recruitment of lady beetles, a significant advancement toward integrated management of this exotic pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Removal of Methyl Green by CuO/COF Photocatalysts with Enhanced Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Aijuan , Chen Xiaping , Tang Hanmin , Huang Fei , Yao Dongmei
Published: December 2024

In this paper, copper oxide/covalent organic framework (CuO/COF) composites were prepared and investigated the photocatalytic performances for the removal of dyes. The characterization results of FTIR, XRD, and XPS, all proved that the CuO/COF composite were successfully prepared. The mapping of CuO/COF showed that the Cu element was uniformly distributed in the COF. After CuO was composited with COF, the energy band gap Eg decreased from 1.14 eV to 0.81 eV. The highest photocatalytic degradation rate of the CuO/COF composite was 94.00%. At the same time, the photocatalytic wavelength could be shifted from 254 nm to 356 nm. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the CuO/COF composite was attributed to the increase in carrier transfer rate and the increase in the active sites. These results show that the CuO/COF photocatalyst has a strong potential for removing organic dyes under light of 254–356 nm, which also provides a certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic materials.
Nanocompression of 20 nm Silver Nanoparticles: In situ Aberration‐Corrected TEM and Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Carlton Christopher Earl , Zorro Fátima , Caturla Maria José , Aoki Toshihiro , Zhu Yimei , Amodeo Jonathan , Ferreira Paulo Jorge
Published: December 2024

Single‐crystalline nanoparticles play an increasingly important role in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceuticals, advanced materials, catalysts for fuel cells, energy materials, as well as environmental detection and monitoring. Yet, the deformation mechanisms of very small nanoparticles are still poorly understood, in particular the role played by single dislocations and their interaction with surfaces. In this work, silver nanoparticles with particularly small dimensions (≈20 nanometers in diameter) are compressed in situ in an aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. During compression, the emergence of both dislocations and nanotwins are observed. However, these defects prove to be unstable and disappear upon removal of the indenter. Atomistic simulations confirm the role played by image stresses associated with the nearby surfaces and the reduction in dislocation line length as it approaches the free surface, thereby supporting the experimental observations. These results provide justification for the frequent observation of the absence of dislocations in nanoparticles of a few nanometers in size during in situ experiments, even after significant deformation. This phenomenon contributes to the self‐healing of samples through dislocation ejection toward the surfaces.
Advances of New Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Detection Technologies in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Zhihan , Pang Bairen , Wang Yuhui , Zheng Jianping , Li Yong , Jiang Junhui
Published: December 2024

Cancer is a global health issue threatening people's lives. Currently, cancer detection methods still have a lot of room for improvement in both efficiency and accuracy. The development and application of new technologies are urgently required for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a type of phospholipid bilayer vesicle secreted by cells and play an important role in cancer development and metastasis. These small vesicles participate in cancer information transmission, antigen presentation, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor invasion, and mediate signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Liquid biopsy of EV cargo contents is a fast‐developing research area, holding promise for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring cancer progression in real‐time. However, current EV detection technologies for clinical translation are still facing many challenges. Recent advancements in developing techniques for EV isolation and detection have made significant progress and are paving the way toward clinical application. Here, the advantages and limitations of traditional EV detection and isolation technologies in cancer diagnosis and prognosis are reviewed. The review also focuses on emerging EV detection and isolation technologies in cancer, discusses the challenges faced by current methods, and explores the perspective of new EV detection techniques for future cancer diagnosis.
Cuproptosis and Serine Metabolism Blockade Triggered by Copper‐Based Prussian Blue Nanomedicine for Enhanced Tumor Therapy
Authors: Ma Qiang , Gao Shanshan , Li Chaoyang , Yao Junjie , Xie Yumeng , Jiang Cong , Yuan Jie , Fei Ke , Zhang Peng , Wang Hui , Li Xiaoguang
Published: December 2024

Cuproptosis, a newly defined cell death process, represents a novel modality with significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the modest concentration and transient half‐life of copper ions in the bloodstream constrain their efficient delivery into tumor cells. In this study, a copper‐based prussian blue nanostructure loaded with serine metabolic inhibitor (NCT‐503@Cu‐HMPB) is constructed for selectively inducing cuproptosis combined with disrupting serine metabolism. Released within the tumor cells, NCT‐503 is found to inhibit cellular serine metabolism and GSH production, ultimately causing metabolic dysfunction, redox imbalance, and increased the formation of Cu+ that disrupts mitochondrial respiration chain, inducing lipoylated protein dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT) aggregation and consequential iron‐sulfur cluster protein loss, which leads to proteotoxic stress and ultimately results in cell death. The findings provide a novel paradigm for tumor therapy based on cuproptosis and metabolic reprogramming, offering prospects for the development of innovative nanotherapeutic platforms in the future.
Stable, Full‐Color, Long‐Lasting Aqueous Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Tang Zhaorun , Zeng Jianwen , Guan Zhihao , Zheng Yuewei , Liu Xinghai
Published: December 2024

Ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescent (URTP) materials have garnered significant attention in anti‐counterfeiting, optoelectronic displays, and bio‐imaging due to their unique optical properties. However, most URTP materials exhibit weak emission or are quenched in aqueous solutions. This study proposes a simple and effective strategy for preparing full‐color aqueous URTP materials using a one‐step microwave method. Guest molecules are embedded in a rigid cyanuric acid (CA) matrix formed from urea. By enhancing the conjugation of the guest molecules, a series of full‐color URTP materials is successfully produced. These materials exhibit excellent phosphorescent properties, with a maximum phosphorescent lifetime of 7.96 s. Protected by the CA matrix, they retain phosphorescence even in aqueous environments, displaying an afterglow visible to the naked eye for over 30 s in water. Additionally, under low water content conditions, the materials exhibit exceptional water‐enhanced properties, achieving a phosphorescence quantum yield (PhQY) of 40.4%. Importantly, these aqueous URTP materials can be prepared in just 5 min, showcasing great potential in information encryption and afterglow displays.
Reaction Intermediates Involved in the Epoxidation of Ethylene Over Silver Revealed by In Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Man , Dongfang Nanchen , Liu Qiang , Iannuzzi Marcella , van Bokhoven Jeroen Anton , Artiglia Luca
Published: December 2024

Ethylene oxide (EO) is a crucial building block in the chemical industry, and its production via ethylene epoxidation (EPO) is a pivotal process. Silver‐based catalysts are known for their high selectivity and are currently largely used in the industrial process. Extensive research over the past 20 years has assumed the oxametallacycle (OMC) as a reaction intermediate, implying that ethylene reacts with adsorbed oxygen on the surface of silver. The OMC is suggested to be the common intermediate for both EO and acetaldehyde, with the latter rapidly converting into carbon dioxide. However, the detection of such intermediate is challenging. In this study, in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations is employed to investigate reaction intermediates formed during EPO on silver. The findings reveal that adsorbed EO is detected as a direct product of ethylene oxidation. Adsorbed ethylene is easily dehydrogenated to form C₂Hx (x = 1–3) species. C₂Hx, carbon monoxide, and carbonate are identified as precursors to carbon dioxide. A new methodical interpretation of complex spectral features is provided, which clarifies previous assignments. Notably, the OMC is detected neither under EPO nor under EO decomposition conditions, thus challenging the role of OMC in the reaction mechanism.
Intelligent Generic High‐Throughput Oscillatory Shear Technology Fabricates Programmable Microrobots for Real‐Time Visual Guidance During Embolization
Authors: Peng Xuqi , Tang Haitian , Zhao Zhenwen , Zheng Yating , Gui Xiran , Jiang Aijun , He Pan , Wen Xiaofei , Zhang Qian , Mei Ziyang , Shi Yesi , Chu Chengchao , Zhang Yang , Liu Gang
Published: December 2024

Microrobots for endovascular embolization face challenges in precise delivery within dynamic blood vessels. Here, an intelligent generic high‐throughput oscillatory shear technology (iGHOST) is proposed to fabricate diversely programmable, multifunctional microrobots capable of real‐time visual guidance for in vivo endovascular embolization. Leveraging machine learning (ML), key synthesis parameters affecting the success and sphericity of the microrobots are identified. Therefore, the ML‐optimized iGHOST enables continuous production of uniform microrobots with programmable sizes (400−1000 µm) at an ultrahigh rate exceeding 240 mL h−1 by oscillatory segmenting fluid into droplets before ionic cross‐linking, and without requiring purification. Particularly, the iGHOST‐fabricated magnetically responsive lipiodol‐calcium alginate (MagLiCA) microrobots are highly distinguishable under X‐ray imaging, which allows for precise navigation in fluid flows of up to 4 mL min−1 and accurate embolization in liver and kidney blood vessels, thus addressing the current issues. Crucially, MagLiCA microrobots possess drug‐loading capabilities, enabling simultaneous embolization and site‐specific treatment. The iGHOST process is an intelligent, rapid, and green manufacturing method, which can produce size‐controllable, multifunctional microrobots with the potential for precise drug delivery and treatment under real‐time imaging across various medical applications.
Machine Learning‐Engineered Nanozyme System for Synergistic Anti‐Tumor Ferroptosis/Apoptosis Therapy
Authors: Li Tianliang , Cao Bin , Su Tianhao , Lin Lixing , Wang Dong , Liu Xinting , Wan Haoyu , Ji Haiwei , He Zixuan , Chen Yingying , Feng Lingyan , Zhang Tong‐Yi
Published: December 2024

Nanozymes with multienzyme‐like activity have sparked significant interest in anti‐tumor therapy via responding to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the consequent induction of protective autophagy substantially compromises the therapeutic efficacy. Here, a targeted nanozyme system (Fe‐Arg‐CDs@ZIF‐8/HAD, FZH) is shown, which enhances synergistic anti‐tumor ferroptosis/apoptosis therapy by leveraging machine learning (ML). A novel ML model, termed the sequential backward Tree‐Classifier for Gaussian Process Regression (TCGPR), is proposed to improve data pattern recognition following the divide‐and‐conquer principle. Based on this, a Bayesian optimization algorithm is employed to select candidates from the extensive search space. Leveraging this fresh material discovery framework, a novel strategy for enhancing nanozyme‐based tumor therapy, has been developed. The results reveal that FZH effectively exerts anti‐tumor effects by sequentially responding to the TME, having a cascade reaction to induce ferroptosis. Moreover, the endogenous elevation of high concentration nitric oxide (NO) serves as a direct mechanism for killing tumor cells while concurrently suppressing the protective autophagy induced by oxidative stress (OS), enhancing synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis therapy. Overall, a novel strategy for improving nanozyme‐based tumor therapy has been proposed, underlying the integration of ML, experiments, and biological applications.
Freeze‐Thaw‐Induced Patterning of Extracellular Vesicles with Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancers Identifications
Authors: Xie Han , Chen Dongjuan , Lei Mengcheng , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Xudong , Ren Xueqing , Shi Jinyun , Yuan Huijuan , Li Pengjie , Zhu Xubing , Du Wei , Feng Xiaojun , Liu Xin , Li Yiwei , Chen Peng , Liu Bi‐Feng
Published: December 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The efficient isolation and analysis of EVs for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis have gained significant attention. In this study, for the first time, a rapid and visually detectable method termed freeze‐thaw‐induced floating patterns of gold nanoparticles (FTFPA) is proposed, which surpasses current state‐of‐the‐art technologies by achieving a 100 fold improvement in the limit of detection of EVs. Notably, it allows for multi‐dimensional visualizations of EVs through site‐specific oligonucleotide incorporation. This capability empowers FTFPA to accurately identify EVs derived from subtypes of breast cancers with artificial intelligence algorithms. Intriguingly, learning the freezing‐thawing‐microstructures of EVs with a random forest algorithm is not only able to distinguish their original cell lines (with an accuracy of 95.56%), but also succeed in processing clinical samples (n = 156) to identify EVs by their healthy donors, breast lump and breast cancer subtypes (Luminal A, Triple‐negative breast cancer, and Luminal B) with an accuracy of 83.33%. Therefore, this AI‐empowered micro‐visualization method establishes a rapid and precise point‐of‐care platform that is applicable to both fundamental research and clinical settings.
Decoupling Conductivity, Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate, and Diffusion in Organic Molecular Electrocatalysis: Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Sepat Neha , Vagin Mikhail , Carli Stefano , Marchini Edoardo , Caramori Stefano , Zhang Qilun , Braun Slawomir , Wu Zhixing , Ding Penghui , Wijeratne Kosala , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Ail Ujwala , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Ruoko Tero‐Petri , Fabiano Simone , Tybrandt Klas , Fahlman Mats , Crispin Reverant , Berggren Magnus , Gueskine Viktor , Engquist Isak
Published: December 2024

The electrified production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is attractive to increase the sustainability of chemical industry. Here the same chains of intrinsically conductive polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are utilized, as ORR electrocatalyst, while varying polymeric primary dopants (PSS and Nafion) and the level of secondary doping with DMSO. These changes modulate various properties of the film, such as its microscale organization and electronic conductivity. The aim here is to clearly decouple the rate of the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) of ORR from the diffusion affected by electronic conductivity and the electrochemically available surface area. It is found that the rate of HET and the double layer capacitance are significantly affected by primary dopant. On the contrary, secondary doping shows very little effect on the rate of HET. However, such secondary doping resulted in the increase of both electrochemically available surface area and the diffusion through the polymer film. This effect is attributed to a few orders increase of the electronic conductivity in the film improving availability of the polymer for electron transfer. The enhancement of diffusion upon the secondary doping of conducting polymer is utilized to improve direct conversion of air into H2O2 on gas diffusion electrode.
2D Carbon‐Anchored Platinum‐Based Nanodot Arrays as Efficient Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Xu Zhen , Hu Xing , Jiang Xiaojie , Zhu Shan , Lei Kaixiang , Pi Yecan , Jiang Kezhu , Zheng Shijian
Published: December 2024

Ultrafine Pt‐based alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon substrates have attracted significant attention due to their catalytic potential. Nevertheless, ensuring the stability of these nanoparticles remains a critical challenge, impeding their broad application. In this work, novel nanodot arrays (NAs) are introduced where superfine alloy nanoparticles are uniformly implanted in a 2D carbon substrate and securely anchored. Electrochemical testing of the PtCo NAs demonstrates exceptional methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity, achieving 1.25 A mg−1. Moreover, the PtCo NAs exhibit outstanding stability throughout the testing period, underscoring the effectiveness of the anchoring mechanism. Comprehensive characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that the 2D carbon‐anchored structure optimizes the electronic structure and coordination environment of Pt, restricts nanoparticle migration, and suppresses transition metal dissolution. This strategy represents a major advancement in addressing the stability limitations of ultrafine nanoparticles in catalytic applications and offers broader insights into the design of next‐generation catalysts with enhanced durability and performance.
One‐Step Fabrication of Carbon Dot‐Based Nanocomposites Powering Solid‐State Random Lasing
Authors: Stagi Luigi , Carboni Davide , Anedda Roberto , Popescu Radian , Eggeler Yolita , Calvillo Laura , Pramanik Ashim , Sciortino Alice , Cannas Marco , Messina Fabrizio , Malfatti Luca
Published: December 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention for applications in photonics and optoelectronics because of their high emission efficiency and ease of synthesis. Although studies in solution are well established, solid‐state applications are less common because of optical quenching phenomena that critically affect CDs. Herein, the synthesis of amorphous CDs from citric acid, operating as hosts of dye molecules, and their incorporation into organic–inorganic silica matrices through a fast photo‐induced polymerization process are reported. The photocurable sol composition allows easy dispersion of nanometer‐sized scattering centers, such as titania or gold nanoparticles (NPs), which have been incorporated, along with CDs, into nanocomposites. The combination of high‐brightness CDs and nanoscatterers in the hybrid matrices allows for achieving and investigating the random lasing processes occurring in the orange‐red range of the visible spectrum. In situ‐grown gold NPs contribute to a significant improvement in solid‐state lasing, enabling an emission as narrow as 5 nm and a laser threshold as low as 0.3 mJ pulse−1. The present approach reveals the technological and scientific potential of CDs when embedded in solid‐state disordered active media.