bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Membrane Theory and Finite Elements Analyses for Domed Shells Edged by Support Ring Beam
Authors: Ali A.Ali  , Esam A.Ebrahim  , Mohammed H.Sir  , Barazan A.Hamah Said
Published: November 2021

The present work devote the effect of shot peening time on the mechanical  properties for two aluminum alloys AA2017-T4 and AA6063-T5. The test carried out using standard tensile specimens under various shot peening times. The results showed that the increase in yield and tensile strength values. The maximum increasing at 15 minute for AA 2017-T4, and at 9 minute for AA 6063-T5. The maximum values of strain hardening factor (n) and strength factor (k) are recorded at 15 minute for AA 2017-T4 while recorded the maximum values of (n) at 24 minute and (k) at 9 minute for AA 6063-T5. The results showed that the percent elongation are increased to maximum value at 9 minute for AA 2017-T4 while the minimum value was at the same time for AA 6063-T5.
Design And Manufacturing of a Hydrostatic Extrusion Apparatus for Compound Cylinders from AL And MG
Authors: Mohsen J. Joaij  , H. Tlafeh Moneer , Esam T. Abdullah  , Abdullah D. Assi
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to design and construct an experimental hydrostatic extrusion apparatus which has a maximum working pressure of 500 bar, and to reduce the cost of this extrusion apparatus. The high-pressure extrusion container has been designed with hydraulic cylinders which is cheap and readily available. Different materials and designs for high-pressure seals were tested and analyzed for the best combination performance. Problems in the extrusion processes using this device were analyzed and solved, which increased the reliability of the device. The results of extrusion experiments have established that this device is practicable.
Experimental Investigation of Pressure Distribution Along Makhool Dam Spillway
Authors: Muhanad Mohammed Abbas
Published: November 2021

This research is an experimental investigation on the pressure distribution  along the surface of Makhool Dam spillway. The work is carried out as series of tests; these series are on the model as it is designed.  (17) Piezometers are fixed along the spillway surface and (4)discharges are performed on the model. The results indicated that the pressure distribution is reduced with the increase  of the discharge and it is increasing with the decrease of the discharge, and there are two regions of negative pressure; the first at the ogee curve and the second at the end of the  sloping straight line after ogee curve, so the slope of the horizontal surface of spillway can  be reduced or change the ogee formula to prevent the cavitations' problems.
دراﺴﺔ اﻟﺘوﺴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻲ ﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ ﺠم ﺠﻤﺎل واﻟﻌواﻤل اﻟﻤؤﺜرة ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﺘرة ﻤن ٢٠١١-١٩٨٧ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام ﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت ﻨظم اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﯿﺔ )GIS(
Authors: حسین درویش محمد
Published: November 2021

ﯿﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﺒﺤث دراﺴﺔ ﺘطﺒﯿﻘﯿﺔ ﻟﻤراﺤل اﻟﺘوﺴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻰ ﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ ﺠم ﺠﻤﺎل وﺘﺎﺜﯿر اﻟﻌواﻤل اﻟﺒﺸرﯿﺔ واﻟطﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ اﻀﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ  ﺘﺤدﯿد اﻷﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘوﺴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤدﯿﻨﺔ وﻤن ﺨﻼل ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻤو اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻲ ﺨﻼل اﻟﻔﺘرة ﻤن ١٩٨٧- ٢٠١١ ﻓﻰ ﺴﺒﯿل ﺘﺤﻘﯿق ﻤﻨظوﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘواﺼﻠﺔ. أﺠرﯿت اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﻤن ﺨﻼل ﺘطﺒﯿق ﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ ﻨظم اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﯿﺔ )GIS( وﺒﯿﺎﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﺴس اﻟﻨﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺼور اﻻﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ ذات دﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿز اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ. ﺤﯿث ﺘم ﺘﻤﺜﯿل اﻟواﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻰ ﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ ﺠم ﺠﻤﺎل ﺒواﺴطﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﻛﺎﻨﯿﺔ)اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﯿﺔ( Spatial data و ﺨراﺌط اﻻﺴﺎس اﻟرﻗﻤﯿﺔ Digital Base maps وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟدراﺴﺎت اﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻛﺎﻨﯿﺔ واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯿﺔ Attribute data ﺒﻤﺎﯿدﻋم اﻟﺘﺨطﯿط اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻰ وﯿوﻓر اﻟوﻗت واﻟﺠﻬد واﻟﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ إﻨﺠﺎز اﻟﺨطط اﻟﺘﻨﻤوﯿﺔ ﺒﻤﻌدﻻت أﺴرع وﺒﺠودة ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﺒﻤﺎﯿﻘﻠل ﻤن اﻟﻬدر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤوارد اﻟﺒﺸرﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺎدﯿﺔ واﻟطﺎﻗﺔ. وﻗد ﻤﻛﻨﺘﻨﺎ ﺘطﺒﯿق ﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ ﻨظم ﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﯿﺔ )GIS( ﻤن اﻟﺘﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﺘوﺴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻰ ﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ ﺠم ﺠﻤﺎل ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻤﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺤددات اﻟطﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ واﻟﻘﯿود اﻟﻬﻨدﺴﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻨظﯿﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤددة ﻤن اﻟﺒﺎﺤث وﻤن ﺨﻼل اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر اﻟﺘﺨطﯿطﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌراق. ﻤﻤﺎ ﯿﺘطﻠب ﻤﻨﻬﺠﯿﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻻدارة ﻫذ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻨﺎت وﻤن ﺨﻼل ﺒﻨﺎء ﻗﺎﻋدة ﺒﯿﺎﻨﺎت رﻗﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺘوﻓرﻫﺎ ﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﯿﺎ ﻨظم اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻤﻛن ﺘوظﯿﻔﯿﻬﺎ ﻷداء ﻤﻬﺎم ﺨﺎﺼﺔ  ﺘدﻋم اﻟﺘﺨطﯿط اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻲ.
اعتماد نظام الإدارة البیئیة في تقویم معامل الأسمنت الع ا رقیة وتأهیلها (الشركة العامة للأسمنت الع ا رقیة - حالة د ا رسیة)
Authors: إبراهيم عبد محمد  , سعاد ناصر عكاب  , إبراهيم فاضل محسن
Published: November 2021

ﯿُﻌد اﻟﻌارق ﻤن اﻟدول اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷﺴﻤﻨت، وذﻟك ﯿﻌود اﻟﻰ وﻓرة اﻟﻤواد اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ وﺘوﻓر اﻟﺨﺒـرات اﻟﻔﻨﯿـﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿـﺔ ﻓﯿــﻪ، وﺘوﺠــد ﻤﻌﺎﻤــل اﻷﺴــﻤﻨت ﻓــﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓظــﺎت ﻋــدة ﻤــن اﻟﻌــراق، وﻗــد ﻛــﺎن اﻟﻌــراق ﻤــن اﻟــدول اﻟﻤــﺼدرة ﻟﻬــذﻩ اﻟﻤــﺎدة وﻫــو اﻻن ﻤــﺴﺘوردا ﻟﻌــدم ﻛﻔﺎﯿــﺔ إﻨﺘﺎﺠــﻪ ﻟﻠــﺴوق اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿــﺔ ، وﻻ ﯿﺨﻔــﻰ إن ﺼــﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﺴــﻤﻨت ﻤــن اﻟــﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻷﺴــﺘراﺘﯿﺠﯿﺔ ﻷﻨﻬــﺎ ﻤرﺘﺒطــﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة ﺒﺄﻋﻤـﺎل اﻹﻨـﺸﺎء واﻷﻋﻤــﺎر، إﻻ أن ﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﺴـﻤﻨت ﺘﻌـد ﻓــﻲ اﻟوﻗـت ﻨﻔـﺴﻪ ﻤـن اﻟــﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠـﺔ وﻗـد وﻀـﻌت ﻋﻠــﻰ رأس ﻻﺌﺤـﺔ اﻟــﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻘـذرة ﻤــن ﻗﺒــل اﻟﻤﻨظﻤـﺎت اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺘﻌﻨــﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻤﺎﯿــﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌــﺔ. ﻟﻘـد أﺜــر اﻟﺤــﺼﺎر اﻷﻗﺘـﺼﺎدي ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤــل اﻷﺴـﻤﻨت ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻌـراق ﺒــﺸﻛل ﻤﻠﺤـوظ ﻤﻤــﺎ ﺘـﺴﺒب ﻓــﻲ ﻨﻘــص اﻟطﺎﻗـﺔ اﻷﻨﺘﺎﺠﯿــﺔ، ﻓـﻀﻼً ﻋــن اﻟﻘـﺼور اﻟواﻀــﺢ ﻓـﻲ ﺘزوﯿــد اﻟطﺎﻗــﺔ اﻟﻛﻬرﺒﺎﺌﯿـــــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ واﻟﺘﻘـــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎدم اﻟﻤوﺠـــــــــــــــــــــــــود ﻓـــــــــــــــــــــــــﻲ اﻟﻛﺜﯿـــــــــــــــــــــــــر ﻤـــــــــــــــــــــــــن أﻟﯿـــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎت وﺤـــــــــــــــــــــــــداﺘﻬﺎ اﻷﻨﺘﺎﺠﯿـــــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ. ﯿﻌــرف اﻟﺒﺤــث اﻟﻤﺘطﻠﺒــﺎت اﻷﺴﺎﺴــﯿﺔ ﻟﻨظــﺎم اﻷدارة اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿــﺔ وﯿوﺼــﻲ ﺒﺄﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻫــﺎ ﻓــﻲ ﺘطﺒﯿــق ﻤﺘطﻠﺒﺎﺘﻬــﺎ ﻛﻤــﺎ ﯿﺠــري ذﻟك ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠف دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﻤﺘﻘدﻤﺔ، ﻨظـراً ﻟﻠﻤﯿـزات واﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻓﻊ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺴـﺘﻌود ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل اﻷﺴـﻤﻨت ﻤـن ﺨـﻼل ﺘطﺒﯿـق اﻟﻨظـﺎم ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤــﺴﺘوى اﻟﺒﯿﺌــﻲ واﻟﺤﯿـﺎﺘﻲ واﻟرﺒﺤــﻲ، ﻟــذﻟك دﻋـت اﻟﺤﺎﺠــﺔ ﻟﻼﺨــذ ﺒﺎﻟﺤـﺴﺒﺎن اﻋﺘﻤــﺎد ﻤﺘطﻠﺒــﺎت ﻫـذا اﻟﻨظــﺎم ﻓــﻲ ﻤطﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬــﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل اﻟﺴﻤﻨت اﻟﻤوﺠودة واﻟﻤﻘرر ﺘﺄﻫﯿﻠﻬﺎ أو اﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ﺒﻤـﺎ ﯿﺨﻠـق ﺒﯿﺌـﺔ اﻤﻨـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌـﺎﻤﻠﯿن ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤـﺼﻨﻊ او ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺤـﯿط السكني المجاور له
Artifitial Aging Time Effect on Corrosion Resistance for Friction Stir Welded AA6061 T6
Authors: Huda Mohammed Abdul-Aziz  , Nasser Malik Abbas  , Amjad Hussain Jasim
Published: November 2021

This work aims to study the effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of friction stir welded joint of AA 6061 T6.Friction stir welding process carried out using CNC milling machine with a tool of rotational speed (1000 rpm) and welding speed of (20mm/min) to obtain butt joint welding of sheets which prepared from AA 6061 T6 in the dimensions of (100 mm x 70mm x 6mm ).After obtaining the welded joints many corrosion specimens were prepared in dimensions of (15*15*2) mm according to ASTM G 71-31 , specimens subjected to solution heat treatment at 500ºC for half an hour then water quenched, this process followed by artificial ageing at 190ºC for 2, 4, and 6hrs.All specimens subjected to hardness test and microstructure examination to show the effect of the heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure.Corrosion behavior of the specimens were studied before and after heat treatment by using potentiostatic method in sea water at 3.5%NaCl and temperature of 30ºC, then corrosion rate was calculated by using Tafel equation.The obtained results show that artificial aging treatment contributed in increasing the corrosion resistance of weld because of presence of precipitate phases occurring in the microstructures of the welding zone but corrosion resistance decreased as increasing ageing time because of the increasing of the precipitating elements. It was found that artificial ageing for 2 hours gives the best corrosion resistance.
Novel Method Using Crossover (Genetic Algorithms) With Matrix Technique to Modifying Ciphering by Using Playfair
Authors: Mohammed Sami Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Two techniques combined with each other, to get complex one. One from technique of genetic algorithm (GA) and the other is PlayFair cipher method, in this research using one step of Genetic Algorithm (GA) which called Crossover to make offspring of two parents (characters) to get one or two new character by using these techniques then using PlayFair technique to cipher text (plain text). So the person who wants to break code, two techniques must know.This research is a novel method of ciphering by getting a new generation of offspring from two characters, when we give a new theory of symbols as mention in research.
Vibration and Kinematic Analysis of Scara Robot Structure
Authors: Talib EH. Elaikh  , HaiderJ. Abed  , Kadhim M. Abed  , Salah M. Swadi  , Kadhim Karim M
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a procedure for assessing the vibration analysis of type SCARA robots. The motion and running conditions of such robots are very complicated that leads to produce vibration and shock which are generated by arm profile in running conditions .In this study the vibration analysis gives the feasibility of the preview control was examined to improve the performance of the SCARA robots system. As it is important for containment the robot arm trajectories generated by the model to show satisfactory safe performance under vibration occurrence phenomena so that they completely avoid errors, the results obtained from such vibration analysis assessment procedure are considered to be valuable and reliable process not only with respect to vibration risk assessment but also for predicting kinematic analysis by investigating the robot arm motion using the kinematic and vibration methods. Forced vibrations is studied analytically help the designer to predict the behavior and design the robot hardware or control system. Theoretical results show reduction in both vibration amplitude and time history response.
Processability, and Determination of Some Mechanical and Thermal Prosperities of Filled and Unfilled Polypropylene / Polyamide 6 Blend
Authors: Najat J. Saleh  , Jwan W. Mohammed
Published: November 2021

A new type of Bentonite filled PP/PA6 and red Kaolin filled PP/PA6  blends has been developed. It is Polypropylene and Polyamide 6 at constant ratio (80/20) and different weight fraction (0, 5, 10, and 15) % of both local Bentonite and Red Kaolin fillers were added respectively. Filled polymer blends were developed on a single screw extruder. Hardness, compression impact strength, and thermal stability of BN/PP/PA6 and RK /PP/PA6 blend system were determined at different temperatures, and different weight fraction of filler. The results shown hardness and compression increase while impact strength decrease with increase in weight fraction content. Also the results shown that thermal stability increases with increased weight fraction of filler. Bentonite filler produces better mechanical properties, than Red Kaolin fillers. Empirical equations are proposed and show a best fit with experimental data. Relevant contour diagrams, based on the proposed equations, for optimization of properties were also presented
Association between Serum Antibody Titers against Influenza Viruses and the Risk of Influenza in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases - a Prospective, Longitudinal Study
Authors:   Professor, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India, Sistla Sujatha
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Patients with respiratory co-morbidities are the primary target group for influenza vaccination as chronic respiratory diseases pose a serious risk for unvaccinated individuals during influenza season. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, serum antibody titer of ≥ 40 is associated with “at least a 50% decrease in risk of acquiring influenza infection”. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted in 345 patients with chronic respiratory diseases (April 2014-August 2015). Serum samples were tested for antibody levels against influenza A and B viruses using hemagglutination inhibition assay as per WHO protocol. These patients were followed up for one year and nasopharyngeal swab was collected from any patient who reported Influenza-like illness symptoms and subjected to real-time PCR for influenza viruses. Results: The seroprotective rates against influenza A (H1N1) pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), influenza B (Victoria and Yamagata) were 61%, 94%, 61%, 68% respectively. During the follow-up period of one year, 5 cases of influenza A/H3N2 and 7 cases of influenza B infection were identified while there were no cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. One case of influenza A/H3N2 infection was observed in an individual who had protective titers against the same virus while all 7 cases of influenza B infection occurred in people with non-protective titers against both the strains of influenza B viruses. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is proposed that in patients with chronic respiratory diseases influenza vaccination may be considered after more concrete information is obtained on correlates of protection against influenza subtypes.
Knowledge and Practices about Malaria in Two Tribal Dominated Regions of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors:   Associate Professor, 2Professor, IIHMR Delhi, Sector 18-A, Dwarka, New Delhi, India, Tripathi Vinay
Published: November 2021

Given the substantial contribution tribal population makes to the overall malaria load in the country, their role is important in the malaria elimination context. Assimilation of correct malaria preventive and care seeking behaviour among them, thereby, becomes very critical. Community level knowledge and practices regarding malaria can reflect on the extent of this assimilation. A cross-sectional survey of 482 randomly selected households was conducted in Umaria and Dindori districts of Madhya Pradesh using a semi-structured schedule to assess the community level knowledge and practices with respect to the causation, transmission, prevention and treatment of malaria. Descriptive statistics are used to determine relative frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test is used to determine the associations between the variables. Majority of the respondents (71.2%) were aware of the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria. However, only 30% of the respondents reported the most characteristics symptoms of malaria, i.e., “fever with chills”. The awareness about transmission and symptoms was associated with educational status of the respondents as well as history of malaria infection. 65% of the households were using mosquito net bed and 57% burnt foliage/cow dung cakes to protect themselves from mosquitoes. Out of all the malarial cases, 61% sought treatment from government health facilities, while remaining from private facilities. Findings indicate that tribal groups generally possessed knowledge about malaria and engage in desirable behaviours for its management and control pointing towards their acceptance and assimilation of the government programme.
Study on Psycho-social Problems among COVID-19 Patients in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, A Praveena Daya
Published: November 2021

Background: COVID-19 crisis leads to significant changes in routine life, loss of employment, financial crisis, living in isolation, and death of loved ones etc. that can create worry and stress among the people infected with COVID-19. The aim of the study is to estimate the burden of psycho-social problems among COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care institute. A hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out among stable 450 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in the COVID ward of Tertiary Care Institute, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India between August and September 2020. Materials and Methods: Participants with self-reported pre-existing mental illnesses were excluded. Psycho-social issues of the participants were studied through telephonic conversation using a predesigned questionnaire including DASS 21 scale. Chi-square test was used to test the association between categorical variables. Variables significant in univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Based on DASS21 Scoring, 89 (20%) had depression, 190 (42%) were anxious and 53 (12%) were under stress. Patients aged more than 60 years, literate, with risk factors like diabetes mellitus and hypertension were more likely to have one or more psychological conditions. Conclusion: There is an increased prevalence of psychological morbidities among COVID-19 patients. It warrants the need for a combined action from health care professionals in the early identification of these psychological issues to prevent long term mental health issues among survivors.
Ascorbic Acid as an Inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 Virus Reproduction: A Theoretical Approach
Authors:   Al-Nisour University College, Iraq, Jawad Mohammed Abed
Published: November 2021

In the present study, ascorbic acid’s or Vitamin C’s influence (VC) in inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 virus reproduction was investigated. Gaussian 09 with a basis set of 6-311G (d, p), MGL tools, DSV, and LigPlus software were used. According to the Total Electron Density (TED) and Millikan charges, the active sites for adsorption were determined. Further, the docking study had clearly revealed the role of VC in inhibition of the virus reproduction in accordance with binding energy (Eb) and ligand efficiency (LE). The vitamin’s interaction with the virus’s spikes may limit its replication or provide the immune system sufficient time to recognize the infection, which enhances the possibility of producing appropriate antibodies.
Zika Virus: An Emerging Mosquito-Borne Disease Threat in Kerala
Authors:   Assistant Director (Entomology), Directorate of Health Services, Thiruvananthapuram, Government of Kerala, India, Sasi MS
Published: November 2021

First laboratory confirmed Zika case in Kerala was reported in Thiruvananthapuram, on 8th July 2021. Since then, 68 ZIKV positive cases have been reported from Kerala, with majority of cases from Thiruvananthapuram Corporation area. Based on the preliminary investigation, micro containment zones were identified and detailed investigation was carried out in these areas. Entomological surveillance indicated that all the three species of Aedes mosquitoes - Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus were present in the survey areas. The Aedes larval indices were found above the critical level. The most preferred habitats of Aedes mosquitoes were water stagnated areas in cemented floor of the newly constructing buildings followed by cement tanks/cement pits and discarded tires. ZIKV could be detected from all the three Aedes mosquitoes collected from the micro containment zones. Trasovarial transmission of ZIKV could be noted in this outbreak. Vector control was intensified with the active participation of local bodies and local health institutions. The epidemiological study showed most of the Zika positive cases has fever, rash and conjunctivitis and in majority of cases, the duration of the illness lasts only for 2-3 days. The females were more affected. The most affected age group was 21-30 followed by 31-40. Among the 68 ZIKV positive cases, 7 (10.29%) were pregnant women. No major anomaly was detected in ZIKV positive cases; however there is a need to scale up surveillance and vector control activities to prevent further outbreaks in Kerala and elsewhere.
Assessment of the Effect of C-Peptide Level on Na-K ATPase Activity In Individuals with Type II Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon Governorate, P.O. 51002, Iraq, Al-Rikabi Eman H
Published: November 2021

Background: Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes can cause neuropathy, which is a frequent and severe consequence. C-peptide depletion may be partly related to in the occurrence of certain diabetic complications. It has been demonstrated that even a little amount of residual C-peptide has a considerable metabolic advantage. Objective: The study’s objective was to predict the relation of plasma C-peptide levels in patients with diabetic neuropathy, and its effect on Na-K ATPase activity. Design and Methods: In this case-control study, 150 individuals have been included: 80 patients with diabetic neuropathy, 40 diabetics without neuropathy and 30 non-diabetic subjects as a control. Patients in the first group were carefully chosen based on their clinical symptoms and nerve conduction studies results. The assessment of plasma C-peptide was done by ELISA, Na-K ATPase enzyme activity by spectrophotometer, and HbA1C by HPLC. Results: Mean plasma C-peptide level and Erythrocyte Na-K ATPase activity were substantially lower in neuropathy type 2 DM patients compared to diabetes without neuropathy and control (p= 0.002, 0.000 respectively). The negative correlation between C-peptide with HbA1c, and diabetes period were all negligible (p= 0.447,0.098), Even though there was a notable negative correlation with age (p= 0.03). On the other hand, the relationship linking C-peptide and Na-K ATPase enzyme activity was shown to be insignificant (p=0.69). Conclusions: Diabetic neuropathy is related to a low C-peptide level. The association between C-peptide and Na-K ATPase enzyme activity, on the other hand, was shown to be insignificant. C-peptide HbA1c, and duration of diabetes all had minor negative associations.
Selected Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in the Serum of Postoperative Gastric Cancer Patients and Their Relationship to CEA
Authors:   College of Dentistry, University of Thi-Qar, Al-Nasiriya, Iraq, Abbas Abbas Mohsin
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second and fourth most prevalent cancer in men and women, respectively, and is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Many studies have shown that heavy metal exposure and trace element levels in the body are the most critical etiologies for cancer development. As a result, the goal of our research was to assess the imbalances in the serum concentrations of selected elements (Cu, Co, Se, Ni, Cd, and Pb) in post-operative GC patients against healthy participants/ controls. Methods: The metal levels were determined using a nitric acid/perchloric acid-based wet digestion technique and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Serum levels of CEA were measured using a two-site immunoenzymometric assay, which is performed entirely in the AIA-PACK SLa test cups. Results: Pb, Cd, and Ni concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the blood of GC patients than in the blood of controls, but Cu and Co levels were significantly lower in the blood of GC patients than in the blood of controls. In the blood of post-operative GC patients, correlation analysis revealed a positive association between CEA-Cd, CEA-Pb, and CEA-Ni, while the correlation was negative for CEA-Cu. These findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to our findings, low Co and Se levels, as well as high Pb and Cd levels, may have a role in the development of stomach cancer.
Diarrhoea and Associated Clinical Features in Different Pathotypes of Diarrheagenic E. coliIsolated in Children: A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India, Behera Tapas Ranjan
Published: November 2021

Background: Acute gastroenteritis remains to be a major health problem in children causing high morbidity and mortalityIn India, diarrhoea is the third most common cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age, with an estimation of 300,000 deaths each year. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) being one of the important bacterial agents, the present hospital-based study was done to enlighten on the occurrence of different pathotypes and clinical features associated with DEC related diarrhoea. Methods:The case-control study was carried out in SCB Medical College, Odisha from October 2014 to September 2016 on the childhood diarrhoea cases (≤ 14 years of age). Stool samples were collected and processed to isolate the causative bacterial agent by standard biochemical test, serotyping and multiplex PCR. Results: 350 cases and 100 controls were included in the study. The different pathotypes of DEC were isolated significantly more in cases than control group (P value = 0.0205) with an isolation rate of 7.4% in cases. 12 (46.2%) of DEC were in 0-1 year age group followed by 1-5 year of age group i.e. 11 (42.3%) and least in 5-14 years of age group i.e. 3 (11.5%). The most common pathotype was Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) followed by Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC). Fever is the most common symptom associated with DEC diarrhoea; the other two common symptoms were watery diarrhoea and vomiting. Exclusive breastfeeding was the protective factor. Seasonal variation of DEC was found more among the cases in the rainy season. Conclusion: Different pathotypes of DEC being associated commonly with childhood diarrhoea, the correct identification of various types of DEC along with the clinical knowledge is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by it.
Effect of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge of BSc Nursing Students regarding Renal Dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure Patients
Authors:   RKDF College of Nursing, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Oriel Abha
Published: November 2021

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of video assisted teaching on the knowledge gain of BSc Nursing students on renal dialysis for chronic renal failure patients. Methods: An experimental design was chosen with pre test and post test of experimental and control group. The sample size was 60 registered BSc Nursing students divided into two groups - 30 in the experimental and 30 in the control group. The tools used for conducting the study included demographic variables, self structured questionnaire to assess knowledge of experimental and control group. The experimental group was given video- assisted teaching as an intervention and the control group was used for comparison only. The data were analysed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The study clearly shows that there was a significant gain in knowledge of BSc Nursing students in experimental group with video assisted teaching which emphasises that renal dialysis for chronic renal failure patients is good for their health. Conclusion: The BSc Nursing students can be benefited with video assisted teaching to improve knowledge and practice on renal dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure Patients and they can practice these interventions in clinical area in future.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice regarding Blood Transfusion among Staff Nurses
Authors:   MSc Medical Surgical Nursing Student, Mader-e-Meherban Institute of Nursing Sciences and Research, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Iqbal Uzma
Published: November 2021

Background: Blood transfusion is the transfusing of a compatible donor’s whole blood or any of its components to the recipient to correct/ treat any related clinical condition. The transfusion of blood products is essential for restoring the body’s oxygen transport capacity, or replenishing lost or depleted blood components in various medical conditions. Objectives: To assess knowledge and practice score regarding blood transfusion among staff nurses and to identify the association of knowledge score and practice score with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive research design that involved convenience sampling technique to collect data from the 60 staff nurses working at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir, using a “self-structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist”. Results: The study revealed that most of the staff nurses, i.e. 53.3%, had fair knowledge, 41.7% had poor knowledge, and only 5% of staff nurses had good knowledge regarding blood transfusion. The mean ± SD knowledge score of the staff nurses was 23.516 ± 4.59. Most of the staff nurses, i.e. 66.7%, had satisfactory practice, and 33.3% had unsatisfactory practice. The mean ± SD practice score of staff nurses regarding blood transfusion was 49.26 ± 6.40. A statistically significant association was found between nurses’ knowledge and demographic variables viz., age, professional qualification, clinical experience, the approximate number of blood transfusions performed in past 6 months, and in-service training programme attended regarding blood transfusion, and practice with demographic variables, viz., gender and clinical experience at p ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that deficiency of knowledge among nurses regarding blood transfusion threatens patients’ safety, and may also put patients in life-threatening conditions.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Demonstration Method on Knowledge regardingNeonatal Care among Primi Postnatal Mothersin Selected CHC of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Authors:   Principal, Corporate College of Nursing, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Tripathi Manjulata
Published: November 2021

Background: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of demonstration method on knowledge regarding neonatal care among primi postnatal mothers. Method: An experimental research approach was used to determine the effectiveness of demonstration method on the level of knowledge regarding neonatal care among primi postnatal mothers in selected CHC, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The sample consisted of 60 primi postnatal mothers who met the sampling criteria. The participants were interviewed using structured questionnaires with multiple items including socio-demographic profile, parity, and gestational age at initial antenatal care, knowledge regarding neonatal care, thermoregulation, eye care, and skin care. A pre and post-test were used to assess their knowledge regarding neonatal care. Result: The pre-test showed that most of the respondents (42 (70%)) had inadequate knowledge, 13 (21.66%) respondents had moderate knowledge, and only 5 (8.33%) mothers had adequate knowledge. After educational intervention, the level of knowledge of mothers increased, i.e. about 36 (60%) respondents gained adequate knowledge regarding neonatal care while 16 (26.66%) acquired a moderate level of knowledge. Conclusion: The study proved that demonstration method can be useful to primi postnatal mothers for increasing their knowledge regarding neonatal care.
A Study to Assess the Impact of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge among Adolescent Students regarding First Aid Measures for Selected Emergencies in a Selected Higher Secondary School, Devsar, Kulgam
Authors:   Nursing Officer GMC Anantnag, Nisa Mehrun
Published: November 2021

Introduction: First aid is an important life-saving skill that everybody should know. As young people move towards independence and take on responsibilities in their own lives, they should know how to help others, whether it is a family member, friend or fellow citizen. While there are moves underway to introduce first aid training into the secondary school curriculum, there are other ways to give our kids and ourselves at least an elementary knowledge of the first aid basics. This study intended to assess the impact of a self-instructional module on knowledge among adolescent students regarding first aid measures for selected emergencies in a selected higher secondary school of Devsar, Kulgam. Method: A quantitative methodology was used with a pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design on a convenient sample of 50 adolescent students. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Result: Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data analysis through SPSS-16 version by using t-test exposed significant difference (21.18) and p < 0.001 amongst pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of respondents. Conclusion: Thus the study revealed a substantial increase in knowledge scores amongst adolescent students regarding first aid measures for selected emergencies after administration of the self-instructional module.
Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude regarding Reproductive Health between Adolescent Girls of Urban and Rural Schools in West Bengal
Authors:   Tutor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Apollo Gleneagles Nursing College, Kolkata, India, Roy Sneha
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Adolescents can be key driving forces in building a future of dignity for all. They are an important resource for any country. Reproductive health covers all aspects of adolescent health. In order to lead healthy, responsible, and fulfilling lives, and to protect themselves from reproductive health problems, youngsters need adequate information about the physical and psychological changes that take place during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: A comparative survey was conducted among 90 randomly selected adolescent girls from urban and rural schools of Bankura, West Bengal. Information was collected by administering structured knowledge questionnaire and 5-point attitude rating scale. Results: The findings revealed that 46.67% of girls from urban school and 51.11% of girls from rural school had excellent knowledge score and 65.56% of adolescent girls from urban school had positive and 61.11% of girls from rural school had fair attitude score towards reproductive health. There was no significant difference in knowledge score (t = -0.555 at p > 0.580) but significant difference in attitude score (t = 4.98 at p < 0.00) was there. There was a weak positive correlation found between knowledge and attitude scores of adolescent girls in both urban (r = 0.46) and rural (r = 0.335) schools. No significant association was found between knowledge and attitude scores and demographic characteristics of adolescent girls in both schools. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a gap in the level of attitude of adolescent girls of urban and rural schools. So there is a need to educate adolescent girls regarding some aspects of reproductive health.
Effectiveness of Teaching Programme on Knowledge of GNM - II Year Students regarding Prevention of Needle Stick Injuries at Ancillary Medical Training School, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar
Authors:   Postgraduate Scholar, Madr-e-Meharban Institute of Nursing Sciences and Research, SKIMS Soura Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Mir Mubeena Akhter
Published: November 2021

Background: Though mostly needle stick injuries cause just minor trauma and bleeding, yet, even without trauma and bleeding, the danger of contamination and infection remains. Thus, a needle stick injury may represent a hazard for a patient if the injured health professional carries hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of teaching programme on knowledge of GNM-II year students regarding prevention of needle stick injuries at Ancillary Medical Training School, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar. Methods: In this study, a total of 50 GNM - II year students were included fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used as the research tool. Demographic variables such as place of residence, educational status of father, educational status of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother, and previous exposure to information related to needle stick injuries were obtained. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that there was a statistically significant association between the pre-test knowledge scores of study subjects with and previous exposure to information (p = 0.007) while no significant association was found between the pre-test knowledge scores of study subjects and other demographic variables like residence (p = 0.785), educational status of father (p = 0.435), educational status of mother (p = 0.345), occupation of father (p = 0.851) and occupation of mother (p = 0.881). Conclusion: This study reveals the importance of educational programmes, skill training programmes, conferences, workshops and educational meetings to enhance the nursing students’ knowledge regarding the prevention of needle stick injuries.
Modeling the pathway of breast cancer in the Middle East
Authors: Amer Asmaa , Nagah Ahmed , Osman Mojeeb AL-Rahman El-Nor , Majid Abdul
Published: November 2021

This paper proposed an approach for the identification of mutation mechanisms of breast cancer in women in four member countries of the Middle East Cancer Consortium i.e. Egypt, Jordan, Cyprus and Israel (Arabs and Jews). We set up multistage models including both gene mutation and the clonal expansion of intermediate cells. We fit the data-set related to the incidence of female breast cancer in the four member countries. Our simulation results show that the maximum number of driver mutations of breast epithelium stem cells of Egyptian women is 13, whereas there are 14 driver mutations in the genome of stem cells of female patients in Jordan, Cyprus and Israel (Arabs and Jews). In addition, the 3, 10, 5, 5 and 4 stage models are the optimal ones for the tumorigenesis of females in Egypt, Jordan, Cyprus, Israel (Arabs) and Israel (Jews), respectively. The genomic instability is caused by first three driver mutations.
Informal work in sub-Saharan Africa: Dead end or stepping-stone?
Authors: Danquah Michael , Schotte Simone , Sen Kunal
Published: November 2021

Despite rapid economic growth in recent decades, informality remains a persistent phenomenon in the labor markets of many low- and middle-income countries. A key issue in this regard concerns the extent to which informality itself is a persistent state. Using panel data from Ghana, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda, this paper presents one of the very few analyses providing evidence on this question in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results reveal an important extent of heterogeneity in the transition patterns observed for workers in upper-tier versus lower-tier informality. Given the limited alternative job opportunities available, particularly to those in lower-tier informal self-employment who often remain locked in a situation of inferior pay and conditions, specific policies that seek to enhance the livelihoods of workers in this most disadvantaged segment may be more relevant in the sub-Saharan context than policies that aim to reduce the regulatory barriers to formalization.
Stepping up to Global Challenges (SGC): Empowering Students across the World
Authors: Amante Susana , Antunes Maria José , Dygala Magdalena , Gökçe İlkay
Published: November 2021

Stepping up to Global Challenges (SGC) aimed to provide students with opportunities for language practice through task-based learning activities and the use of digital platforms for interaction. Marketing students at the Polytechnic of Viseu, Portugal, collaborated with peers from Poland and Turkey, choosing an image on entrepreneurship and posting it on the SGC Facebook page to solicit comments from their own and other groups. This was one of the tasks assigned during the 2nd semester of 2019/20, under the constraints of COVID-19. We analyzed the students’ choices, main difficulties, and motivation to persist in learning and improving their skills to share knowledge with (inter)national peers.
Effect of Feeding on Juvenile Growth Rate of Wader Fish (Rashbora argyrotaenia)
Authors: Dewi Ravita Kusuma , Arthana I Wayan , Pebriani Dewa Ayu Angga
Published: November 2021

Aquaculture is an activity to develop, obtain, reproduce and produce a fishery with the help of human resources. One of the cultivation practices is wader fish (Rashbora argyrotaenia) which is known for its very slow growth and relatively small size. This study aims to determine the growth rate of wader fish with different feeds in Blado Kulon Village, Tegalsiwalan, Probolinggo. The feed used was feed A in the form of fish pellets as a control, feed B consisting of a mixture of conch flour, soybean flour, bran, and tapioca flour, while feed C consisted of a mixture of conch flour, cassava leaf flour, bran and tapioca flour. The study was conducted for 42 days. The parameters measured in this study were temperature, DO, and pH, as well as observing the growth in absolute weight, specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate, and feed concentration ratio (FCR). Observations were analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tests were carried out using the Duncan test. The results showed that different feeding did not have a significant effect on growth rate, absolute weight, feed conversion ratio, and survival of wader fish. Water quality parameters measured include temperature with an average of 28.42oC - 28.54 oC, while pH has an average of 7.42 - 7.50, and dissolved oxygen (DO) with an average of 5.54 - 6, 23 mg / L.
Percentage of Mangrove Canopy Cover and Mollusks Abundance in Benoa Bay Mangrove Ecosystem
Authors: Tinambunan Shintani Asri , Pertami Nyoman Dati , Ernawati Ni Made
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted to determine the condition of the mangrove ecosystem based on its canopy cover and to determine the types of mollusks (Bivalves and Gastropods) associated with the Benoa Bay mangrove ecosystem. Hemispherical photography is a method for observing mangrove canopy cover and line transect method for mollusks. The composition of mangrove species found in the research location were five species, namely Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Avicennia marina. The percentage of mangrove canopy cover in the Benoa Bay mangrove ecosystem is in a good category (average = 76.59%). There are eight types of mollusks found in the research location. There are two types of bivalves (Polymesoda bengalensis and Gafrarium pectinatum) and six types of gastropods (Nerita balteata, Nerita picea, Neritina turrita, Pila ampullacea, Cassidula aurisfelis, and Littoraria melanostoma). The relationship between the percentage of mangrove canopy cover and abundance of mollusks in the Benoa Bay mangrove ecosystem is very strong (r) of 0.920. The higher the percentage value of mangrove canopy cover, the higher the mollusks abundance.
Investigation of Local Scour around L-Shape Submerged Groynes in Clearwater Conditions
Authors: Khassaf Saleh Issa , Rashak Budoor Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Submerged Groynes are low profile linear structures that are generally located on the outside bank to form Groynes fields and prevent the erosion of stream banks by redirecting high-velocity flow away from the bank. This research was studied in detail through two major stages. The first stage of the study is based on laboratory experiments to measure the development of local scour around L-shape submerged Groyne with the time, and special attention is given to the effects of different hydraulic and geometric parameters on local scour. Also; maps were drawn showing contour lines that represented the bed levels for maximum scour depth after reaching the equilibrium case. The result showed that a decrease in the scour depth ratio due to the increasing submerged ratio, and the number of Groynes. While the scour hole geometry will increase with the Froude number, flow intensity, and the spacing between Groynes, the decreasing percentage in the scour hole was measured to be about (4.3) % and (4.4) % for decreasing the spacing between Groynes from (2Lg) to (1.5Lg). Besides, it was range about (11.1) % and (14.0) % when reducing the spacing from (1.5Lg) to (Lg) under the same value of maximum Froude number. The second stage of the study is based on experimental results. A new formula was developed by using statistical analysis and it was found that a good determination coefficient.
The role of municipalities in ensuring economic security of the Russian regions
Authors: Starovoitov Vladimir Gavrilovich
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the state of economic security of municipalities and their role in ensuring economic security of the Russian regions. The object of this research is provision of economic security of the Russian regions. The article employs the methods of qualitative, quantitative and multi-criteria analysis for ranking regions and municipalities, as well as the methods of systematization and generalization. The author substantiates the relevance of ensuring economic security on the regional and municipal levels due to the fact that the crucial socioeconomic processes associated with economic activity of an the individual and phenomena determining the quality of life take place namely in the regions and municipalities. The main conclusion consists in determination and application of the most significant scientific approaches and methodologies, as well as best organizational practice of ensuring economic security of the municipalities, which allows detecting the threats and threshold values of the indicators of economic security indicators, and improving the quality of assessment of their level of economic security. This enables the mobilization of municipalities in the activity of ensuring their economic security and socioeconomic development. Experience has proven that the level of economic activity and quality of life is growing in the regions, where municipalities successfully solve the issues of their economic security. The scientific novelty of this study consists in revealing and analyzing the currently most important results in the sphere of economic security of the regions and municipalities, as well as in outlining the promising directions of research and their use in solution of the issues of economic security and socioeconomic development of the Russian regions and municipalities.
Maternal health literacy as an effort to reduce maternal mortality
Authors: Nursanti Siti , Tayo Yanti , Utamidewi Wahyu , Nurhasanah Hanna
Published: November 2021

The Karawang Regency's progress in reducing maternal mortality through an expanding (EMAS) program does not inherently reduce maternal mortality. The change in the incidence of postpartum mother mortality has led the Government of the Karawang Regency to a breakthrough by implementing an appreciation of the level of mothers’ comprehension during the postpartum period between fathers. This research investigated the extent of the father's communication process in Kelas Bapak to improve the father's awareness of maternal health over the postpartum. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods of research. The study results found that Kelas Bapak inspired families to treat maternal health at the Regional General Hospital of Karawang Regency during the postpartum period. This study concludes that one of the causes of a father's lack of understanding about his mother is that his mother's health is unconcerned during the postpartum period.
Brand image’s impression on impulsive buying of healthcare products
Authors: Agung Halim , Marta Rustono Farady , Wang Changsong , Amanda Mercedes
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a disease outbreak that makes almost everyone unable to travel freely, especially in Indonesia. Shopee is one of the marketplaces used in this research. This study aims to analyse the impression of Shopee's brand image moderated by content marketing and its impact on impulsive buying of health products during the current pandemic. Data analysis used IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and involved 119 samples using survey methods and data collection instruments in questionnaires. The implication of this research shows that optimising content marketing techniques across various digital channels is a top priority to boost impulse buying, indirectly also improving brand image.