bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Constraint on R&D Activities in Vietnamese Universities – an Empirical Research
Authors: Tue Nguyen Dang
Published: June 2020

R&D is one of the most important roles of universities. Many previous studies examined the impact of financial factor on university R&D activities but reached no consensus view. This article contributes to the current literature by exploring how financial factor and other factors influence R&D activities in Vietnamese universities. The author employed a survey dataset from the Association of Vietnam universities and colleges to check whether unfavourable financial condition hindered university R&D activities. Using structural equation modelling, the author found empirical evidence that financial constraint could hamper R&D productivity. On the other hand, favourable conditions in management, communication, infrastructure and human resources were found to improve R&D activities. This led to some policy suggestions to improve R&D activities in Vietnam higher education institutions.
Impact Measures of the Article Headlines-Factual Proposition in the Delfi.lt Portal
Authors: Liepinytė-Kytrienė Diana
Published: June 2020

The object of the article is article headlines of the internet news portal Delfi.lt: factual statements containing the mentioning of a person by their name, surname or pseudonym. A headline is perceived as a complex representative unit, where a complex means, namely, employing accompanying notes and illustrations, and is used to achieve its main functions: to inform and affect. The aim of the article is to identify the effect of factual statements employed in headlines, which the statements have on the person mentioned and how they serve in drawing the readers’ attention. The material for the analysis was collected from the internet news portal Delfi.lt. A total of 191 headlines including the illustrations were looked into. The analysis comprised not only the evaluation of the headlines but also the articles in their entirety, including illustrations and commentaries. The qualitative analysis of headlines as factual statements was carried out in three aspects: description of a person, naming the action performed by the person, and the relationship of the person and the illustration. The research revealed that the headlines of the internet news portal Delfi.lt often employ a person as a means of drawing the readers’ attention as well as illustrations as a means of conveying visual information complementing the headlines. It turned out that in the headlines taking the form of a factual statement, the readers’ attention is mostly drawn by the information of negative nature where the accompanying expressive illustrations present well- known persons, mainly Lithuanian politicians, businessmen, and sportsmen. Descriptions of a person exert no influence on the popularity of the article in cases where people well known to society are referred to but are of particular importance when dealing with much less known people. Expressions in the past simple tense are attractive to the readers since the expressions provide a possibility, based on the facts presented, to design potential consequences on one’s own. Expressive headlines with accompanying expressive illustrations, where the presented scene does not only specify the idea of the headline but also complements it with intriguing meanings, enjoy the highest popularity. Therefore, headlines and illustrations kindle the readers’ emotions and encourage them to interpret their own meanings.
New Meanings of the International Words of the Administrative Lithuanian Language
Authors: Vladarskienė Rasuolė
Published: June 2020

The article refers to the data of The Database of New Borrowings, collected in the period of 1998–2010. An attempt is made to analyse the evolvement of new meanings of some international words and to identify the main tendencies. The Lithuanian administrative language is well maintained and innovations occur very seldom; however, if they occur, they tend to rapidly spread to other areas of standard language.After joining the European Union, with an influx of the EU documents translated into the Lithuanian language, the influence of the English language on the Lithuanian administrative language became unquestionable. This is particularly obvious in the international words used in administrative language. First of all, new meanings of international words conveying the original language meaning appear in the translated documents, afterwards the meanings can be found in Lithuanian documents and later may also be found in other language usage areas.The article discusses the new meanings of international adjectives and their suitability for administrative language. The paper also analyses some cases of polysemous nouns, which have preserved in their new international meanings an obvious link to the original meaning of the word. Some new meanings of international words find their place in standard Lithuanian; others are replaced by their Lithuanian equivalents or more traditional international words.
Capital city in the perceptions of "the best Lithuanian"
Authors: Vaicekauskienė Loreta
Published: June 2020

The paper examines the ideology of the best language in the Lithuanian speech community. The research is based on synthesis of various metalinguistic data collected during previous research by the author. The regularity of the findings and stereotypical attitudes found in the data suggest that the idea of ​​the best Lithuanian in the Lithuanian speech community is closely linked to the largest city of Lithuania and the one of the highest social status – the capital Vilnius. Through the association with the city of Vilnius, the language of the „metropolis” and the „capital” acquires prestigious social meanings and the highest position in the hierarchy of Lithuanian language varieties. Metalinguistic localization in the metropolis gives following attributes to the best Lithuanian: non-dialectal, grammatical, correct, spoken by educated persons. Additional social values are developed through the association with the dwellers of the capital city and the urban center of the country itself: “modern”, “youthful”, “international”, “cosmopolitan”, “advanced”, as well as “self-confident”, “successful”, “wealthy”, “educated” and “cultivated”. All these attributions can be linked to the category dynamism, a valuable social value for, especially, young members of the community. Compared to the studies conducted elsewhere, it can be assumed that both linking of the ‘best speech’ with the speech of the metropolis or the capital city and the positive social associations of the capital city, is universal. All the research data collected using different methods during different investigations point to that there is basically no hierarchical relationship between the Vilnius speech and the standard Lithuanian in the best language perceptions of the Lithuanians. These two varieties are being integrated into one concept of the best speech spoken by best speaker, the one of the highest status, the most dynamic and competent as well possessing the best personality traits. Neither the stereotypical features associated with Vilnius speech (such as language mixing), nor the structural features of it (such as the so-called vowel lengthening, heavily criticized by the Lithuanian standard speech norm-setters), do not affect the concept of the best language by the community. Vilnius residents themselves and the general speech community evaluate linguistic features and prestige of the Vilnius speech differently from normative textbooks. The research presented in the paper makes it possible to predict that the link between capital Vilnius and the best speech of the community is the condition that will allow the speech of Vilnius to be taken over by language users and spread.
Factors contributing to the Lithuanian language maintenance in emigrant family: a case of US
Authors: Jakaitė-Bulbukienė Kristina
Published: June 2020

When two languages collide in the context of emigration, the heritage language is in danger of extinction because the two languages are different in size, power, vitality and prestige. The question then arises why some ethnic communities maintain their language, despite the fact that their situation is disadvantageous. The main aim of this paper is to explore specific factors that help maintain the Lithuanian language in the emigrant family.This paper analyses the data collected during the research project The Language of Emigrants. Only a subset of the data that is related to the United States was selected for research. This paper analyses linguistic attitudes of two emigration waves (those who moved after World War II and those who went there after the Restoration of Lithuania’s Independence) and three generations of emigrants. This investigation is based on a quantitative survey (n = 438) and qualitative in-depth semi-standardized interviews (n = 15) from the US (most of them were recorded in May 2012 in Los Angeles, CA).The data from the quantitative survey and in-depth semi-standardized interviews shows that a successful maintaining of the Lithuanian language depends on many factors: historical circumstances, reasons for emigrating, attitude towards Lithuania, perception of identity and roots, knowledge about the history of Lithuania, the history of one’s family, and about Lithuanian traditions. If the attitude towards Lithuania is positive, if it is important for the person to be Lithuanian, if the person is knowledgeable about the history of his/her family and about Lithuanian traditions, the prospects for maintaining the heritage language are favourable.The main reasons to maintain the Lithuanian language are ideological. The data from this research shows that all waves of emigrants find it important that Lithuanian language proficiency helps preserve the Lithuanian language and culture. It is no less important to note that participants have expressed a wish to protect the Lithuanian language; they want to keep it “clear”, “true” and “pure”. Another reason to maintain the Lithuanian language is the wish to have two worlds, two familiar countries and two cultures. Naturally, there are also several practical reasons: it is useful to know several languages, to communicate with Lithuanians in Lithuanian. The Lithuanian community in the US and maintaining ties with it are also very important for language maintenance.
Metaphor identification procedure MIPVU: an attempt to apply it to Lithuanian
Authors: Urbonaitė Justina
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to present some insights and reflections as a result of the application of the MIPVU procedure for metaphor identification in Lithuanian and discuss several methodological issues. Firstly, the paper presents the background to the methodology and illustrates its application to Lithuanian. Secondly, the article discusses some difficulties in applying this method to Lithuanian in annotating words as (non)metaphorical. Namely, problematic issues include the following: identification of metaphorical meaning motivated by grammatical cases; demarcation of lexical units, establishing contextual and basic meanings of words based on their definitions provided in available dictionaries of (contemporary) Lithuanian, and the fuzzy boundaries between homonymy and polysemy. As a conclusion, some tentative suggestions are provided regarding more effective application of the MIPVU tool to the analysis of Lithuanian.
20 years of Scandinavian studies at Vilnius University − feast, play and puzzles
Authors: Sausverde Ērika
Published: June 2020

The present review article has been re-published in this electronic journal with kind permission of the author of the article and the editors of the following book: Sausverde, Ērika and Ieva Steponavičiūtė (eds) 2014. Funs and Puzzles in Modern Scandinavian Studies. Vilnius University.
Socio-cultural network of Western Aukštaitians of Kaunas and Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys
Authors: Čepaitienė Agnė
Published: June 2020

The article is based on a universal social network theory. It also offers a socio-cultural network of two subdialect areas: Western Aukštaitians of Kaunas and Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys. The paper attempts to investigate migration directions of residents of the inhabited areas included into the Atlas of Lithuanian Language (ALL points). They are used to identify hypothetical zones of ALL points demonstrating a high degree of subdialect vitality.The research material consists of statistical data of 176 ALL points (121 of Western Aukštaitians of Kaunas and 86 of Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys) collected in 2011–2015. The data issummarized in a table. The paper also includes a socio-cultural network completed with the help of the software Paint referring to 6 criteria: movement directions (to schools, hospitals, libraries,churches, post offices and supermarkets) of the communities’ members residing in the ALL points and covering dialectal areas of Western Aukštaitians of Kaunas and Eastern Aukštaitians ofPanevėžys. The paper evaluates the viability, social structure, communicative networks of situations and possible directions of dialectal changes of ALL points.The results show that both subdialects are linguistically similar in strength; both demonstrate high vitality. Dialectal features seem to be best maintained in and around Ariogala, Jurbarkas, Šakiai,Kazlų Rūda, Vilkaviškis, Kalvarija and Biržai, Pasvalys, Radviliškis, Ramygala.Subdialect changes have been mainly determined by a high degree of mobility within the dialectal areas rather than the impact of other dialects. Internal migration is stimulated by attractivesupermarkets and medical institutions in the nearest ALL points, while migration to other areas of subdialects is motivated by attractive supermarkets (in case of Western Aukštaitians of Kaunas) or a lack of educational institutions in the original places of residence (in case of Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys).A possible direction of changing dialectal features is the south in case of Western Aukštaitians of Kaunas and the west in case of Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys. However, the oppositedirection is not excluded: dialectal features of Western Aukštaitians of Kaunas are actively penetrating the dialectal area of Southern Aukštaitians and dialectal features of Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys tend to spread in the dialectal area of Western Aukštaitians of Šiauliai.Presumably, the above indicators show that despite similarities and differences between both subdialects and the standard language, the subdialects have similar conditions to survive and become stronger.
Humour and the creative powers of language, or when sentiments turn into centiments
Authors: Šeškauskienė Inesa , Masiulionytė Virginija , Ryvitytė Birutė
Published: June 2020

Humour is part of human communication and can serve as an effective means for making contact, finding a way out of an embarrassing situation, or mitigating different political and social tensions. However, not all humans are born capable of generating and processing humour and it remains an open question whether it is possible to learn and develop this ability. Therefore, a sense of humour, but not an *ability of humour, would be a frequent collocation in many languages. Cognitive linguists claim that collocations are not accidental as combinability patterns point to certain conceptualisation processes in the expression of meaning. The cognitive linguistic viewpoint that humour is based on a mismatch, or incongruity, between ideas, otherwise referred to as frame shifting, is adopted as a prerequisite for producing humour in this paper.The focus of this paper is the expression of verbal humour dealing with the introduction of the euro in Lithuania in 2015. Verbal humour is created by employing different linguistic resources: sounds, spelling, word building models, homonymy and polysemy, word combinations and other syntactic structures and larger chunks of texts or discourse. The investigation is based on the main theories of humour: the Semantic Script Theory and the Superiority Theory developed by Attardo (1994) and Raskin (1985). The empirical material consists of 89 cases of verbal humour found in posts and comments in personal profiles and pages on Facebook and in reader comments following different articles in popular news portals written from September 2014 to February 2015. The paper attempts to describe linguistic means contributing to the construction of humour as well as to identify the shifts between frames involved in generating the humorous effect. The results of the investigation suggest that most humorous comments bear content-related political implications, shifting between the frames of the loss of national currency perceived either as the loss of stability or as the loss of national identity and the frame of positive expectations due to the greater integration into the EU. The techniques used to construct humour include wordplay based on sound combinations, similar spelling, non-standard spelling, and code-switching involving English and Russian. An especially productive technique was the construction of existing or non-existing words by code-mixing and the use of metaphor and metonymy. Larger chunks of text also employ intertextuality, parody, switching between registers and different types of echoing.
The grammatical category of gender in noun phrases of the Lithuanian-French interlanguage
Authors: Kazlauskienė Vitalija
Published: June 2020

It is not an easy task for a Lithuanian, who is not a native speaker of French, to learn French nouns with their inherent grammatical gender, which is expressed by suffixes and articles non-existent in L1. The understanding of the category of gender of French L2 noun phrases is a complex and time consuming process. The data of the text corpus proves that students whose French language level is B1 have not fully comprehended the grammatical category of gender on all levels of linguistic competence.

As demonstrated by the results of the present investigation, a student often does not assign a fixed gender. When in doubt, he/she eventually decides on the masculine gender as a universal choice, which in French is less codified than the feminine gender and is interpreted as the main gender from which other forms such as the feminine gender and the plural form are derived. Apparently, the cause of such confusion lies in the system of the French language itself. Students tend to assign the gender of the noun by semantic analogy, the analogy of form or meaning with the students’ first language or from a well-known word in L2; sometimes other languages such as English come into play. As regards the coordination of determiners and adjectives, the determiner coordination tends to cause fewer problems than adjectives. The latter is mostly used in the masculine form, regardless of the noun gender. Despite a number of nominal gender-related problems, a substantial number of nouns have been assigned the correct gender, as demonstrated by collocates agreeing in gender with respective nouns.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Psychotropic Polypharmacy Prescribing Trends
Authors: Girand Heather L. , Litkowiec Szymon , Sohn Minji
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use and psychotherapeutic polypharmacy is increasing. This study was designed to assess annual rates of ADHD medication prescribing and psychotherapeutic polypharmacy among patients 2 to 24 years old in the United States, identify commonly prescribed ADHD medications and concomitant psychotropic agents, and assess if specific characteristics are associated with polypharmacy.

METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study, we used publicly available ambulatory health care data sets to evaluate ADHD and psychotropic polypharmacy use in patients 2 to 24 years old from 2006 to 2015. National rates were estimated by using sampling weights, and common ADHD and psychotropic drugs prescribed were identified. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to assess the strength of association between polypharmacy and patient or provider characteristics.

RESULTS:

Between 2006 and 2015, ADHD medication prescribing increased from 4.8% to 8.4%. ADHD polypharmacy increased from 16.8% to 20.5%, whereas psychotropic polypharmacy increased from 26.0% to 40.7%. The most common ADHD combinations were stimulants and α-2 agonists (67.1%), whereas the most common concomitant psychotropic agents were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (14.4%) and second-generation antipsychotics (11.8%). Factors associated with polypharmacy were age, female sex (psychotropic), nonprivate insurance, northeast and south regions (ADHD), receipt of mental health counseling or psychotherapy, and calendar year.

CONCLUSIONS:

ADHD and psychotropic polypharmacy use is increasing and associated with specific patient characteristics. These patterns should spark further inquiry about the appropriateness, efficacy, and safety of psychotherapeutic polypharmacy in children and young adults, particularly within subgroups in which the use is high.
Prostorske strukture v avtobiografskih delih jugoslovanskih pisateljic 20. in 30. let 20. stoletja
Authors: Bodrova Anna
Published: June 2020

In the focus of the comparative study are four autobiographical works of Yugoslav female writers. The book Moja pota [My Way, 1933] by Marija Kmet (1891–1974) is written in Slovenian; Ein Mensch wird [By Myself] by Alma Karlin (1889–1950) was created in 1931 in German and published only in 2010 in the Slovenian translation Sama. The autobiogra- phical novel Kamen na cesti [A Stone on the Road, 1937] by the Croatian writer Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873–1957) and the autobiographical novel Moja prijateljica [My Friend, 1920] by the Slovenian author Zofka Kveder (1878–1926) are also explored.

The study of autobiographical texts inevitably turns to the so-called extratextual real- ity, to writers’ biographies. The lives of these four authors born in Austria–Hungary were different. The German-speaking Slovene Alma Karlin became a traveller around the world. The first female professional Slovenian writer Zofka Kveder worked as a magazine editor, lived in different cities, wrote in three languages (Slovenian, Croatian, and German). The Slovene Maria Kmet worked as a teacher all her life. Maria Jurić Zagorka was the most widely read writer of her time in the Croatian lands and became the first Croatian female journalist. At the same time, their autobiographical experience reflected in the texts reveals much in common. The writers often changed their place of residence. The subject of the research is the spatial structures of four texts.

In autobiographical works, there are specific spatiotemporal relations: the history of the formation of personality (the biographical time) is often connected with the expansion of space. First, an autobiographical character perceives only the space of a room (for ex- ample, a nursery), then the whole house. He or she makes various trips; often in the auto- biographies the spaces of educational institutions are described. As the characters mature, spaces expand and multiply.

The autobiographical mode of narration of the four works under consideration deter- mined the spatial structures of texts, in which an individual–collective dichotomy is pre- sent. With the uniqueness of each human biography, all life paths reveal similar stages, which were reflected in the category of space. On the one hand, in many autobiographies, there are the so-called locus communis (the space of one’s home, the school, places for children’s games and walks, and a workplace). On the other hand, the geography of move- ments across different spaces is always unique.

The similarity of some spatial motifs in the texts by Kmet, Karlin, Kveder, and Za- gorka can be explained by genre topics and general historical events (World War I, the collapse of Austria–Hungary) as well as the gender specificity of the texts (a big city gives a woman at the beginning of the 20th century the possibilities of self-realization, expands her social sphere but at the same time it is a dangerous space for her, full of temptations).
Selected problems of the value appraisal of real estate built contrary to construction law — part II
Authors: Zbylut-Górska Maria , Górski Adam
Published: June 2020

The scope of the examination of the actual condition, and the examination of the legal status of real estate property has long raised practical doubts and dilemmas. In particular, the issue of the expert’s obligation to take into account irregularities in construction proceedings raises a number of reservations.
In the first part of the article, the concept of illegal construction works (performed without a building permit) had been presented; the duties of the appraiser provided for in the Real Estate Management Act were listed; the consequences of illegal construction works performed without a building permit, and other defects in the construction process were described, as well as difficulties in determining whether a given object had in fact been illegally constructed. Examples of decisions and permits issued in the construction process and their significance for the property appraiser were discussed.
The second part of the article analyses the impact of the building permit on the price of the real estate property and discusses the scope of the obligation for the property appraiser to examine the compliance of the valued property with building regulations. Examples of bank’s requirements for property appraisers are indicated, and the problem of the practical significance of clauses included in real estate appraisal reports are presented. The discussion of all the above issues concludes with a summary.
As a rule, a real estate property appraiser is not a person authorized to assess whether a given object, in whole or in part, has been built or is being used in accordance with building regulations. The appraiser, due to the statutory duty to exercise special diligence appropriate to the professional nature of his or her activities, is required to collect and use all necessary and available data on the given real estate property. If a discrepancy is found in the analysed documentation, the appraiser should mention it in the report. The appraiser is neither entitled nor obliged to determine the causes of the discrepancies. The indicated circumstances justify the inclusion in the report a clause that the valuation of the property in question may change due to discrepancies revealed, or proceedings being conducted. Failure to provide relevant information and reservations may justify the expert’s liability under the applicable provisions of the Civil Code.
Evolution of online mapping: from Web 1.0 to Web 6.0
Authors: Król Karol
Published: June 2020

Web 5.0 performance appears limited only if seen through the prism of technological development. It presents the web as a human-controlled tool, which uses algorithms to attempt to personalize, search, and improve user experience, and to act for or on behalf of a person. Meanwhile, in the Web 6.0 era, the world will be quite unlike what we know today. For instance, it may turn out that Web 6.0 will mean the migration of human consciousness to cyberspace or to an unspecified “cloud” (of data, perhaps?). Will online maps even be needed in such a world?
The Web, seen in its current way, is “anchored in metabolism”. Web 6.0 endeavours to face up to that. Namely, Web 6.0 aspires to be an independent entity that functions in the Internet ecosystem, depending on the presence of electro-impulses, but without the necessity of “anchoring” on a durable data carrier. This development path could be indicated by the use of artificial intelligence, data analytics and (genetic) algorithms in Web 4.0. At the same time, it is difficult to say whether Web 6.0 will end up as one synthetic, self-conscious organism or a collective of “other identities”, i.e. the personalities of individual devices integrated in the network.
El matrimonio, el valor del ser humano, la continuidad de la Iglesia, la trayectoria de los pueblos y el curso de la historia
Authors: Tejero Eloy
Published: June 2020

SUMARIO: I. Sobre la noción de munus. II. Matrimonio y significación en la historia de Occidente. III. Un balance de los problemas doctrinales sobre el matrimonio: Tomás de Aquino. IV. La crisis de la significación sacramental. Siglos IX al XVIII. V. Las consecuencias sociales en el mundo moderno de la crisis del matrimonio, en cuanto fundamento del munus regale.
On Vectorization of Monte-Carlo Algorithm Solving Classical Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Zav'yalov Dmitry , Egunov Vitaliy , Konchenkov Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The vectorization of calculations in the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm of kinetic coefficients of solids under the influence of homogeneous external fields on the sample is discussed. It is shown that the vectorization of calculations related to the solution of the equations of motion of particles allows to obtain an acceleration from 10 to 30 %.
Simulation of Human Limb Movement
Authors: Gorbunov Dmitriy
Published: June 2020

Simulation of any processes is based on some laws that take place inside the simulated object and outside it (changing the environment in which the object is located). In the study of complex biosystems, the identification of patterns is complicated by the fact that such systems have a chaotic structure. In such systems, it is impossible to arbitrarily repeat the initial state xi, any intermediate xn and final xk. Simulation of complex biosystems should be based on random patterns.

The created simulation model works based on the random number generation. There are no static values in the model. The inclusion of regulatory mechanisms of the model is based on the search of F-solutions. Chaotic dynamics of changes in the trajectory of a person's limb is established based on experimental data. In accordance with this, in the simulation model, the level of limb retention in space changes its direction by random images in real time. In the framework of the above patterns, a mathematical model of the interaction of muscle bundles was developed to solve the problem of holding the limb in space.

When analyzing the performance of the simulation model, the basis of the evaluation measure was taken. The results were obtained on the basis of mathematical statistics and the calculation of the quasiattractor parameters in the framework of the theory of chaos and self-organization. As a result, the correspondence of experimental and model data was established. In the framework of mathematical statistics, when constructing matrices of paired comparisons for experimental data, the number of pairs of matches (the word "matches" refers to the possibility of assigning the compared pairs of samples to one general set) is k = 11 %. The same number of coincidence pairs in percentage terms was established when comparing model data and model with experimental data. In the framework of the theory of chaos and self-organization, the quasiattractor parameters coincide in their area and visual assessment of phase planes.

As a result of the research, high accuracy of the model is established, which is ensured by some chaotic dynamics of the model with chaotic selfregulation mechanisms. There are no constants in the mathematical form of the simulation model, which ensures the reproduction of N.A. Bernstein "repetition without repetition" hypothesis, which has been proven for experimental data. For theoretical biophysics, the constructed simulation model is able to provide understanding of the neuromuscular system functioning, as well as, with some complication and expansion of the algorithm, the central nervous system.
Hemodialysis with Cohort Isolation to Prevent Secondary Transmission during a COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea
Authors: Cho Jang-Hee , Kang Seok Hui , Park Hayne Cho , Kim Dong Ki , Lee Sang-Ho , Do Jun Young , Park Jong Won , Kim Seong Nam , Kim Myeong Seong , Jin Kyubok , Kang Gun Woo , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Yong-Lim , Lee Young-Ki ,   on behalf of the Korean Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Task Force Team
Published: June 2020

Significance Statement

Health care–associated infections during previous serious coronavirus epidemics resulted from human-to-human transmission in hemodialysis (HD) facilities. The authors analyzed the effect of a strategy of HD with cohort isolation on the secondary transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in HD facilities in Korea, which involves administering an immediate screening test for COVID-19 to all close contacts (patients on HD and health care workers) and strict maintenance of cohort isolation. Epidemiologic investigation and immediate screening tests across 11 HD centers identified 302 close contacts. HD with cohort isolation was maintained for a median of 14 days, and the transmission rate was 0.66% inside HD units. Clinical practice guidelines for HD with cohort isolation during COVID-19 outbreaks may successfully prevent secondary transmission through HD units.

Background

Health care–associated infections during previous coronavirus epidemics involving severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome resulted from human-to-human transmission in hemodialysis (HD) facilities. The effect of a strategy of HD with cohort isolation—separate dialysis sessions for close contacts of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—on the prevention of secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in HD units is unknown.

Methods

Our multicenter cohort study of an HD with cohort isolation strategy enrolled close contacts of patients with confirmed COVID-19, including patients on HD and health care workers in HD units. Close contacts had been identified by epidemiologic investigation and tested negative on an immediate screening test for SARS-CoV-2.

Results

As of March 14, 11 patients on HD and 7 health care workers from 11 HD centers were diagnosed as having COVID-19. The immediate screening test was performed in 306 people, and among them, 302 close contacts with negative test results were enrolled. HD with cohort isolation was performed among all close contacts for a median of 14 days in seven centers. During cohort isolation, nine patients showed symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Two health care workers in the HD units (0.66% of the total group) were diagnosed at the termination test for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions

The transmission of COVID-19 can be controlled without closure of HD centers by implementing preemptive activities, including early detection with rapid testing, cohort isolation, collaboration between institutions, and continuous monitoring of infection. Our strategy and experience may provide helpful guidance for circumstances involving the rapid spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
ÇOCUK DERGİSİ İÇERİKLERİNİN DERSLERLE İLİŞKİLENDİRİLEBİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: Tanrıkulu Fatih
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma; Türkiye’de yayınlanan çocuk dergilerinin ne tür içeriklere sahip olduğunu ve bu içeriklerin derslerle ilişkilendirilebilirliğini tespit etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de çıkan 34 farklı çocuk dergisi incelenmiştir. Dergilerin Ocak-Haziran 2018 ayları arasında çıkan herhangi bir sayısı temin edilerek, içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Veriler kodlanarak tema ve alt temalar elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; dergi içeriklerinin büyük bir bölümünün farklı yazı türlerine ait metinlerden oluştuğu, dergilerde zekâ oyunları, etkinlikler, okuyucu köşesi, afiş ve poster gibi farklı türde bölümlerin yer aldığı, bu içeriklerin Türkçe, fen ve teknoloji, sosyal bilgiler, din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi, beden eğitimi dersi ve seçmeli derslerle ilişkilendirilebileceği görülmüştür.
OKULLARIN BÜROKRATİK YAPISININ ÖĞRETMEN PROFESYONELLİĞİNE ETKİSİ: LİSE ÖĞRETMENLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: FİDAN Tuncer , BEYHAN Adem
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada lise öğretmenlerinin okulların bürokratik yapısına ilişkin algılarının öğretmen profesyonelliği algılarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Yordama deseninin kullanıldığı bu çalışmaya, Ankara İli Yenimahalle İlçesinde görev yapan 341 öğretmen katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Okulların Bürokratik Yapısı Ölçeği ile Öğretmenlerin Mesleki Profesyonellik Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Cinsiyet, öğretmenlik branşı, eğitim durumu, okul türü, yaş ve mesleki kıdem kontrol değişkenleri olarak araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerini çözümlemek için aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma ve Pearson korelasyon katsayısı gibi betimsel istatistikler ile çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular öğretmenlerin okulların bürokratik yapılarını büyük ölçüde kolaylaştırıcı olarak gördüklerini ve mesleki duyarlılığın en çok önem verdikleri profesyonellik boyutu olduğunu göstermektedir. Kadın öğretmenlerin kişisel gelişim, mesleki duyarlılık ve duygusal emek düzeyleri erkek meslektaşlarına göre daha yüksektir. Kısıtlayıcı okul yapısı boyutu, öğretmen profesyonelliğinin kişisel gelişim, kuruma katkı ve mesleki duyarlılık boyutlarının anlamlı bir yordayıcısı değildir; yalnızca duygusal emek üzerinde olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Öte yandan kolaylaştırıcı yapı bütün öğretmen profesyonelliği alt boyutları üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahiptir. Okullarda kolaylaştırıcı bürokratik yapının tesis edilmesi öğretmen profesyonelliği için önemli ancak yeterli değildir. Kolaylaştırıcı bürokratik yapı ile birlikte okul müdürlerinin sağlayacağı olumlu iklim ve örgütsel destek öğretmenlerin mesleki profesyonelliğini artırmada etkili olabilir.
Конституционно-правовые предпосылки юридификации общественных отношений
Authors: Сехин Иван Викторович
Published: June 2020

Рассматривается вопрос о причинах юридификации общественных отношений. Анализируется влияние принципов народовластия, законности и социального государства на процесс расширения предмета правового регулирования, сопряженный с количественным увеличением массива правовых норм. Обосновывается тезис о конституционно-правовых предпосылках юридификациии общественных отношений.
Основные направления исследований механизмов в праве в современной научной доктрине
Authors: Панкова Ольга Викторовна
Published: June 2020

Статья посвящена анализу проблемы механизмов в праве Автором отмечается, что единﮦого понﮦиманﮦия правового механизма, которﮦое прﮦиобрﮦело бы юрﮦидическую знﮦачимость и могло бы использоваться в рﮦазличнﮦых отрﮦаслях прﮦавоведенﮦия, пока нﮦе прﮦедложенﮦо. В то же врﮦемя соврﮦеменﮦнﮦая прﮦавовая нﮦаука создала прﮦочнﮦую базу для рﮦазрﮦаботки обобщающей прﮦавовой категорﮦии – механﮦизма прﮦавового рﮦегулирﮦованﮦия, - концепция которого рассматривается в качестве методологической основы исследований механизмов в праве. В связи с этим определенное внимание в работе уделяется понятию данного механизма, разработанного представителями общетеоретической науки, его элементам и структуре. Подчеркивается, что в юрﮦидической литерﮦатурﮦе сфорﮦмирﮦовался комплекс нﮦаучнﮦых взглядов и прﮦедставленﮦий, свидетельствующих о том, что опрﮦеделенﮦие понﮦятия механﮦизма в прﮦаве также сопрﮦяженﮦо с выделенﮦием его элеменﮦтов и стрﮦуктурﮦы. При этом подавляющее большинﮦство прﮦавовых механﮦизмов рﮦассматрﮦивается в качестве составнﮦой части или подсистемы механﮦизма прﮦавового рﮦегулирﮦованﮦия. Поэтому прﮦи опрﮦеделенﮦии их элеменﮦтов и стрﮦуктурﮦы многие авторы берут за основу либо копируют стрﮦуктурﮦу последнﮦего. В работе также отмечается, что при всем многообразии механизмов в праве в настоящее время особое внимание ученых привлекают механизмы защиты прав и свобод граждан. В данном конетксте автор указывает, что важную роль в формировании и действии этих механизмов играет судебная власть, которая, в свою очередь, имеет свой механﮦизм рﮦеализации. В связи с этим в статье рассматривается механизм реализации судебной власти.
Об общественной опасности неправомерного оборота средств платежей
Authors: Меженский Артур Александрович
Published: June 2020

В статье рассматриваются вопросы касающиеся общественной опасности неправомерного оборота средств платежей. Анализируются исторически сложившиеся подходы к пониманию общественной опасности преступления и их применимость к рассматриваемому виду. С учетом позиций ученых и статистических данных автором делаются выводы и уточнения относительно определения степени общественной опасности неправомерного оборота средств платежей.
Юридическая сущность Европейского Союза в современных реалиях
Authors: Галушко Дмитрий Вячеславович
Published: June 2020

В статье даётся характеристика основных подходов, характеризующих юридическую сущность Европейского Союза. Автором высказывается мнение о целесообразности понимания ЕС как международной организации особого рода (sui generis), сочетающей в себе элементы классических международных организаций с наднациональными чертами в её функционировании. В качестве фактора, подтверждающего данное мнение приводится современный процесс прекращения членства Великобритании в ЕС — Брекзит.
Protocol for predicting specialist herbivore distribution from host distribution data v1
Authors: Fuller Joshua
Published: June 2020

A necessary, but difficult, part of ecology and conservations is to try to create order and meaning from chaos. An example of such a task is the need to predict where an organism may exist at any given point in a landscape. In the past, this was done by systematically surveying the entire landscape, a lengthy and expensive endeavor. With the current pace of habitat loss and climate change, new methods were created to efficiently determine the distribution of a species using computers and new statistical algorithms. These new methods still require people in the field taking GPS points of the target species. A way to ease the workload on researchers in the field is to use data generated through citizen science projects such as iNaturalist. Citizen scientists can rapidly generate a tremendous amount of species GPS points by just exploring parks and backyards. That data can be directly utilized by researchers to create a species distribution model (SDM). The goal of this protocol is to take that a step further by generating an SDM for a plant, Tsuga canadensis, and then using that model to determine the distribution of an invasive specialist, Adelges tsugae, on the plant. By the end of this protocol, you should be able to create an SDM, generate a map using GIS software, and critically evaluate the results of the model to determine any conclusions that can be drawn from the model.
Engagement in high- and low-rated argumentative essays: Interactions in Indonesian students’ writings
Authors: Handayani Anis , Drajati Nur Arifah , Ngadiso N.
Published: June 2020

This study reports the use of engagement in high-rated and low-rated EFL undergraduate students’ argumentative essays. The engagement here refers to one of the aspects in interacting with the readers, which is called metadiscourse (Hyland, 2005a). The data in this study were ten highest-rated and ten lowest-rated argumentative essays written by first-year undergraduate students. The data were coded manually by two raters to maintain data validity. The results reveal that high-rated essays contain less engagement than low-rated ones. However, it also shows that the engagement in high-rated essays was more varied and grammatically sophisticated than those in low-rated essays. Furthermore, while this study reveals that the higher number of engagement used in argumentative essays does not always coincide with the improved quality of the writing, it implies that the writing quality and score do not depend on the number of engagement expressed but more on the ways students use the engagement effectively. Thus, the explicit teaching on how to use engagement effectively in persuasive writings may be useful for the students to build more persuasive arguments as well as to improve their writing quality.
Critical ‘intercultural awareness’ enhancement: Effects of using asynchronous online discussion with Thai tertiary students
Authors: Rajprasit Krich
Published: June 2020

In the globalized era, the interaction between people from different cultures increases dramatically. This affects the way the English language is used, and how the language is taught at all levels of education. Regarding this, English language teachers are recommended to reconsider their current classroom practices in light of the above issue. One basic recommendation is to incorporate other cultural aspects besides just the American and British models commonly used today. However, research on developing learners’ critical ‘intercultural awareness’ (ICA) is rare in the literature, particularly regarding the use of asynchronous online discussion (AOD) at the Thai tertiary level. This study aimed to investigate the AOD use to develop critical ICA and to examine the effects of such AOD use on the learning of Thai students. Twelve ICA-enhanced AOD tasks were developed as instructional instruments. From these, research instruments were developed, including a pretest, a posttest, a self-reported questionnaire, and an in-depth interview. Two groups of Thai students with different English proficiency levels were selected to join the experiment, classified as a high proficiency (HP) group and a low proficiency (LP) group. After AOD implementation, their performances were assessed. Findings revealed improvements in the performances of both groups, with the mean posttest scores being higher in both groups, with the HP group demonstrating better performance. In addition to posttest scores, the participants provided positive perceptions of the AOD tasks, with no significant differences in the perceptions between groups. The interview responses revealed the students’ perceptions that the AOD tasks were challenging, but provided them with an opportunity to think critically about the culturally related questions. This study highlights the benefits of developing critical ICA in an ELT classroom with the AOD use, especially HP students, even though it may not work very well with LP students.
The impact of role modeling on the professional identity of pre-service teachers
Authors: Flores Delgado Lizette Drusila , Olave Moreno Irlanda , Villarreal Ballesteros Ana Cecilia
Published: June 2020

Research shows that mentoring EFL pre-service teachers during the practicum element of teacher-training courses allow them to get experience and to develop, improve, and put into practice their teaching skills. This professional practice can impact the development of a positive or negative professional identity in teachers. Current literature, however, seems to focus on the shaping of teacher identity and learner identity, but there is little empirical research regarding the development and shaping of the identity of pre-service teachers. Pre-service teachers are the main actors of this practicum stage of teacher-training programs and, therefore, by working in collaboration and being supported by a mentor as a role model, they develop their professional identity. The present qualitative case study sought to explore the shaping and re-shaping of the professional identity of fifteen EFL pre-service teachers of a northern Mexican university and the impact of working with English teacher mentors as role models. Information gathered through the constant comparative method of data from the participants taken from their reflective journals, mentor-observations, and self-observations suggests that although working with a positive role model encourages the development of a stronger teacher identity and an improvement in their teaching practice, working with a bad role model can also have the same results.