bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WBUN: an interpretable convolutional neural network with wavelet basis unit embedded for fault diagnosis
Authors: Gao Sen , Zhang Zhijin , Zhang Xin , Li He
Published: May 2024

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is extensively applied in mechanical system fault diagnosis. However, the absence of transparent decision mechanisms in CNNs hinders credibility. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an interpretable wavelet basis unit convolutional network (WBUN). This network incorporates meticulously designed wavelet basis unit (WBU) functions into convolutional layer, creating the interpretable wavelet basis unit convolutional (WBUConv) layer. Convolutional kernels with clear physical significance enable the WBUConv layer to extract fault-related features in both time and frequency domains, enhancing diagnostic performance, and interpreting the CNN’s attention frequency along with the convolutional kernel’s training outcomes. In this paper, three WBU functions are designed to construct the corresponding WBUNs, and their effectiveness and interpretability are verified through three sets of mechanical fault diagnosis experiments. Meanwhile, experimental results demonstrate the WBUConv layer’s remarkable advantages in noise robustness, convergence speed, and strong generalization ability.
Development of a new class of temperature-sensitive paints operating in the green spectrum of light for aerodynamic flow applications
Authors: Singh Chandrasekaran Keesanth , Mariappan Sathesh , Das Debopam , Singh Anand
Published: May 2024

Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is widely used in aerodynamic measurements, such as detecting laminar to turbulent transition locations, heat transfer measurements, etc. Most conventional TSP luminophores are Ruthenium and Europium complexes, whose peak absorption wavelengths occur at UV or blue spectrum of light. A new class of TSP is developed based on eosin Y as a luminophore. Eosin Y has peak emission and absorption wavelength in the green spectrum, allowing employment of conventional (Nd-YAG) lasers and scientific cameras in aerodynamic applications. The paint achieved a temperature sensitivity of 0.9

%

/K, comparable to Rhodamine B based TSP, which operates in the green spectrum. The performance of the TSP is compared with the temperature and its gradient measured using an infrared camera (serving as a reference). The capability of the TSP is tested in three configurations of increasing complexity. The paint successfully detects the laminar to turbulent transition location (third configuration), indicating its promise as an addition to the existing ones for aerodynamic applications.
A subbands study on the resistivity of field-effect CNT-based piezoresistive nanocomposites
Authors: Haghgoo Mojtaba , Ansari Reza , Hassanzadeh-Aghdam Mohammad Kazem , Jamali Jamaloddin
Published: May 2024

In this paper, an analytical model based on the percolation theory has been developed to predict the subbands effect on the effective electrical resistivity of carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based polymer nanocomposites. The CNTs are considered as randomly distributed or aligned channel material in the polymer transmitting electrons through tunneling. The tunneling effect takes into account the electron transmission between each connected pair of CNTs to evaluate electrical resistivity. The modeling approach contains two steps of primary prediction of resistivity and further calculation of CNTs’ displacements and subsequent change of the resistance. A good agreement is found between the analytical model predictions and experimental data when the tunneling behavior was considered in the percolation transition region. The effect of CNT diameter, orientation state, and subbands on the resistivity has been investigated. The results depict that subbands increment is a collateral benefit to the aspect ratio in decreasing the resistivity. The analytical results demonstrate that a random CNT dispersion leads to a decreased piezoresistivity, while an increased strain range depicts a more non-linear behavior.
Accurate band alignment of sputtered Sc2O3 on GaN for high electron mobility transistor applications
Authors: Das Partha , Finch Harry , Edwards Holly J , Almalki Saeed , Dhanak Vinod R , Mahapatra Rajat , Mitrovic Ivona Z
Published: May 2024

Sc2O3 is a promising gate dielectric for surface passivation in GaN-based devices. However, the interface quality and band alignment of sputtered Sc2O3 on GaN has not been fully explored. In this work, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry were performed to extract the discontinuities in the valence and conduction bands of the Sc2O3/GaN system. Sc2O3 films were deposited on GaN using radio frequency sputtering. The valence band offset of Sc2O3/GaN was determined to be 0.76 ± 0.1 eV using Kraut’s method. The Sc2O3 band gap of 6.03 ± 0.25 eV was measured using O 1s energy loss spectroscopy. The electron affinity measurements of GaN and Sc2O3 using XPS secondary electron cut-off spectra provided an additional degree of accuracy to the derived band line-up for the Sc2O3/GaN interface. The band alignment results were compared with literature values of band offsets determined experimentally and theoretically for differently grown Sc2O3 films on GaN.
Growth-induced stability in modified SLE curve
Authors: Shibasaki Yusuke
Published: May 2024

In this study, the non-equilibrium free energy corresponding to the curve generated by a modified stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE), which is driven by the Langevin equation, is theoretically investigated. Under certain conditions, we prove that the time derivative of the (generalized) free energy expressed by Kullback-Leibler divergence between the probability distributions of the curve and driving function has a positive value, indicating the negativity of Gibbs entropy production. In addition, it was implied that, in a certain restriction, the free energy can be expressed as a function of a Lyapunov-type exponent of the driving function. These results show a dissipative nature of conformal dynamics, and indicate the growth-induced stability of the modified SLE curve.
WSM-MIL: a weakly supervised segmentation method with multiple instance learning for C elegans image
Authors: Ding Mengqian , Liu Jun , Zhao Zikang , Luo Yang , Tang Jinshan
Published: May 2024

Recently, image analysis techniques have been introduced to automate nematode information assessment. In image analysis-based nematode information assessment, the initial step involves detecting and segmenting C. elegans from microscopic images and network-based methods have been investigated. However, training a network for C. elegans image segmentation is typically associated with the labor-intensive process of pixel-level mask labeling. To address this challenge, we introduced a weakly supervised segmentation method using multiple instance learning (WSM-MIL). The proposed multi-instance weakly supervised segmentation method comprises three key components: a backbone network, a detection branch, and a segmentation branch. In contrast to fully supervised pixel-level annotation, we opted for weakly supervised bounding box-level annotation. This approach reduces the labour cost of annotation to some extent. The approach offers several advantages, such as simplicity, an end-to-end architecture, and good scalability. We conducted experiments comparing the proposed network with benchmark methods, and the results showed that the network exhibits competitive performance in the image segmentation task of C. elegans. The results of this study provide an effective method in the field of biological image analysis, as well as new ideas for solving complex segmentation tasks. The method is not only applicable to the study of C. elegans but also has wide applicability in biological image segmentation problems in other fields.
A light emitting device with TiO2:Er3+/ZnO heterostructure for enhanced near-infrared electroluminescence
Authors: Zhang Yangyi , Zhang Jian , Yu Wenjuan , Wang Xianbing , Zhou Yuanliang , Li Dongke
Published: May 2024

Near-infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL) devices based on Er3+ ions doped TiO2 emitting layer have been fabricated by employing a facile sol–gel method. The effect of Er3+ ion doping concentration on the EL performance of TiO2:Er3+ thin film devices was investigated. Moreover, a novel device with the core of TiO2:1%Er3+/ZnO heterostructure was designed and fabricated. The EL performance of the device with optimized Er3+ ion doping concentration and improved structure was significantly improved. The NIR EL-enabling voltage of the improved device is as low as ∼5 V. The attenuated concentration quenching effect and the ZnO film as an electron blocking layer should contribute to the improved EL performance of the optimized device.
Linking Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) for Early Design of Helicopter Primary Parameters
Authors: Qi Keke , Luo Zhengzhi , Zhao Hui , Guo Yuqiang
Published: May 2024

The design of a helicopter involves multiple disciplines and a large number of technical parameters with conflicting objectives, leading to the challenges of multidisciplinary coupling in design and optimization. In the context of the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in complex product design, how to bridge the gap between MBSE and Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) to accelerate the early design process of helicopters remains an urgent problem to be addressed. The paper proposed an optimization framework that links MBSE and MDAO models for the design optimization problem of helicopters. On the MBSE side, the design optimization problem of helicopters was defined through the descriptive SysML model. On the MDAO side, the specific domain analysis model and optimization analysis workflow were established. The integration of design data was achieved through stereotype plugins and design components, bridging the gap between MBSE and MDAO, and providing accurate engineering data for system design verification. The paper provided an optimization case of a helicopter, with the optimal mission performance of the helicopter as the objective function. Through MDAO analysis, the design optimization of fuel consumption, take-off weight, and rotor dynamics parameters was completed, achieving an integrated process of system design and optimization.
Intercity Traffic Travel Mode Identification Method Based on Mobile Signalling Data
Authors: Sun Jing , Fan Dongtao , Fan Xiaofeng , Liu Xiucai , Luo Zheng , Cao Lu
Published: May 2024

With the popularity of mobile devices, the signalling data generated by them provides significant opportunities for studying intercity travel behaviour in terms of data scale and information continuity. However, due to the low quality of the data in spatial accuracy, temporal frequency, and traffic semantics, the accuracy of identifying individual travel modes is low and it is difficult to extend to complex traffic scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new framework for identifying individual intercity travel modes based on mobile signalling data. The framework includes components for data pre-processing, geo-information mapping, feature and attribute extraction, and travel mode recognition. We utilize a comprehensive detection model to identify users’ multimodal intercity transport behaviour. Using two modules, Random Forest Embedding (RFE) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), the model can capture the spatiotemporal characteristics and complex multi-stage associations in intercity travel chains. A large-scale mobile phone dataset from Jiangsu Province, China, was used for verification. The results showed that, on average, the method was able to detect travel mode with 92% accuracy. This study provides valuable support for further research on individual travel behaviour and the enhancement of transportation planning.
Research on the Influence of Cone Angle on the Sealing Performance of Pipeline Joint
Authors: Yang Zheng , Li Junwei , Long Haibo , Wang Ningfei
Published: May 2024

In order to evaluate the sealing performance of the pipe connectors, we developed a simplified 3D model by adjusting the cone angle of the nozzle and analyzing the contact pressure of the sealing structure, the width of the contact surface, and the equivalent stress as the response quantities. Based on a finite element analysis approach, we found that increasing the cone angle of the nozzle improves the sealing performance, but may negatively affect structural reliability and maintenance. As such, the optimal range for the nozzle cone angle is relatively reasonable between 55° and 60°. Furthermore, we use a sealed interface leakage model to calculate the joint leakage rate under theoretical conditions.
Simulation Study on Acetylene Gas Diffusion Process in Large Transformers
Authors: Liu Rui , Yan Mengkun , Jiang Bo , Yang Tianhe , Qiu Yunhao , Huang Meng
Published: May 2024

To discover the influence of the diffusion process of acetylene gas in large oil filled power transformers on the dissolved gases analysis results, the diffusion process of acetylene gas over long distances and the influencing factors have been investigated by simulation. In this paper, based on the convection-diffusion equation of acetylene gas in oil, a one-dimensional model for the diffusion of acetylene gas in a 10 m long oil duct is established and numerically solved by the backward difference method. The simulation found that in right-angle coordinates, the concentration of acetylene gas in the oil is uniformly diffused outward, and the arrival time of the gas is related to the flow rate; in polar coordinates, the acetylene gas is mainly concentrated in the area near the defects and the tank wall, and the distribution of the gas content is extremely inhomogeneous, and the homogeneous state can not be reached for a long time. The results show that the simulation of gas production from local defects in large transformers is closer to reality by using polar coordinate form and boundary flux conditions; because the diffusion coefficient is very small in magnitude, the slow flow of transformer oil leads to the predominant convective transfer of acetylene gas.
Study on Influencing Factors of Two-Body Parallel Separation
Authors: Zhao Yuchen , Yang Baosheng , Jiang Yi , Quan Liang , Cai Yunlong
Published: May 2024

In the parallel separation process of two bodies, the initial velocity state and the surrounding flow field environment jointly determine the motion state of the two bodies, which is a direct determinant of the separation process safety. To study the two-body parallel separation process and the influencing factors, this paper adopts the dynamic mesh technique and finite volume method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations and study the influence of the initial separation clearance and velocity state on the separation process. The results show that: with the increase of the initial separation clearance, the separation process safety of two bodies under the action of complex flow field may decrease; the effect is poor when the two bodies are separated at rest, and a suitable initial velocity state is beneficial to improve the separation safety to achieve the purpose of safe separation, and the two bodies show different separation processes under different initial velocity states.
Simulation Study of Crack Extension in Concrete Blast Walls Under Blast Impacts
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ni , Zhang Shuai , Huang Luo-Xin , Yang Dan , Ling Shi-Yue , Liu Xue-Meng
Published: May 2024

To study the crack propagation law of concrete blast wall (CBW) under explosion impact, this paper uses ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software to numerically simulate the crack growth law under the influence of different explosion loads and explosion distances. The results show that: after the explosion, the change of composite velocity of each measuring point on the wall at a certain distance from the explosion point is mainly divided into three stages: explosive initiation stage, the composite velocity and acceleration of each measuring point are zero; In the accelerated crack growth stage, the acceleration of each measuring point reaches the peak value; At the stage of uniform crack growth, the crack will no longer accelerate its diffusion. When the explosion distance is fixed, the explosion load is positively correlated with the number of radial cracks; When the explosion load is small, there are only inconspicuous circumferential cracks in the center of the wall. When TNT equivalent is 15g, 25g, and 30g, CBW circumferential cracks increase and mainly concentrate in the center, and gradually expand outward to the boundary in the form of concentric circles. At the same time, when the explosion load is constant, the explosion distance is negatively related to the number of cracks, mainly radial cracks, while circumferential cracks are always distributed in the center of the wall. In the range of simulated explosion distance, the cracks only appear at the boundary and gradually change from square to round with the increase of explosion distance, and the crack area decreases. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for avoiding such accidents and a powerful reference for accident investigators to determine the location and intensity of explosion sources.
Seismic Analysis of Large-Scale Air Duct Hanger Based on ASME-AG1 Specifications
Authors: Wang Long , He Zhaokui , Wang Hehui , Pan Jian , Tang Yi , Liu Xiaohan
Published: May 2024

For large-caliber mid-pressure ducts and its supporting rack systems, use the combination of shell units, beam units, and contact units to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of reality structure characteristics. Analyze the inherent frequency of the system. Based on modal analysis results, the eight-level earthquake response spectrum in Shanghai is used as input, a multi-point response spectrum analysis under OBE seismic conditions is performed on the rack system. According to the ASME AG-1 specification, the stress intensity and deformation stiffness assessment of the branch line-type structure under the combination of OBE operating conditions are evaluated. Results showed that the optimal form of the air tube of the A-B section was to increase the seismic oblique support and the inner wall was reinforced. The modeling and assessment methods in the paper have a certain reference value for large-scale duct resistance design and safety assessment.
Optimization Design of Rocket Deflector Channel Surface Based on Kriging Surrogate Model
Authors: Qu Siju , Zhao Yuanyang , Zhang Jingli , Yang Baosheng , Wang Xinyu
Published: May 2024

This study aims to optimize the gas flow environment of a rocket’s deflector channel. Numerical calculations and analysis were conducted on the influencing factors of a certain type of single-sided deflector channel, with the injection coefficient used as the evaluation index for the flow clearance. The study identified the deflector channel’s impact angle, curvature diameter of the bending section, and distance from the top of the deflector surface to the bottom as important structural parameters. There exists a complex nonlinear relationship between these parameters and the gas flow guiding effect of the deflector channel. The kriging surrogate model was employed for the optimization of the deflector channel’s surface. The results showed that, while meeting the basic requirements of the deflector channel, the optimized design improved the gas flow guiding effect by 27.58%, significantly enhancing the gas flow environment. The optimization error was within 1%, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the optimization. This study provides a reference for the future design and optimization of gas flow deflector channels, with the potential to improve the performance and efficiency of rocket deflector channels.
Analysis of the Influence of Peripheral Light Shelves on Building Lighting
Authors: Yu Liang , Lu Jianwen
Published: May 2024

Due to the design problems in modern architecture, it often appears that although the sunlight of the building is sufficient, the lighting quality of the building interior is not good. Due to the reasons of lighting, shading and interior layout, the phenomenon of glare and uneven distribution of light often occurs in buildings. Therefore, it is recommended to use light shelves to reduce problems such as glare and improve the indoor light environment comfort. The effects of six different widths and five different heights of peripheral light shelves on DF, UDI, GA and Uniformity Ratio of Daylighting are analyzed. The results show that the width and height of light shelves have no improvement effect on DF. The height of the light shelves has an improvement effect on indoor UDI, but the width does not; The width and height of light shelves can improve GA and Uniformity Ratio of Daylighting.
DarkSide-20k Veto Photon-Detector Units: construction and characterization
Authors: Franchini P. ,   the DarkSide-20k collaboration
Published: May 2024

DarkSide-20k is a global direct dark matter search experiment situated underground at LNGS (Italy), designed to reach a total exposure of 200 tonne-years nearly free from instrumental backgrounds. The core of the detector is a dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 50 tonne of low-radioactivity liquid argon.
The entire TPC wall is surrounded by a gadolinium-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (Gd-PMMA), which acts as a neutron veto, immersed in a second low-radioactivity liquid argon bath enclosed in a stainless steel vessel. The neutron veto is equipped with large-area Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) array detectors, placed on the outside of the TPC wall. SiPMs are arranged in a compact design meant to minimize the material used for PCBs, cables and connectors: the so-called Veto Photon-Detector Units (vPDUs).

A vPDU comprises 16 vTiles, each containing 24 SIPMs, together with front-end electronics, and a
motherboard, which distributes voltage and control signals, sums vTiles channels, and drives the
electrical signal transmission. The neutron veto will be equipped with 120 vPDUs. The paper will
focus on the production of the first vPDUs, describing the assembly chain in the U.K. institutes, in
order to underline the rigorous QA/QC procedures, up to the final characterization of the first
completed prototypes. Tests will be extensively performed in liquid nitrogen baths either for the
single vTiles and for the assembled vPDUs, with the purpose of assigning a “quality passport” to
each component.
PICMIC-0: a 5 μm pitch hexagonal pixel sensor with an original tri-axis readout
Authors: Abreu H. , Bechetoille E. , Bertolone G. , Claus G. , Colledani C. , Combaret C. , Doziere G. , Hu-Guo C. , Laktineh I. , Mathez H. , Pham H. , Specht M. , Valin I. , Zhang L. , Zhao Y.
Published: May 2024

We present in this paper a new sensor called PICMIC-0 that is intended to exploit the
intrinsic spatial resolution of the MicroChannel Plate (MCP) detectors. Manufactured using 6-metal
TowerJazz 180 nm wafer technology, the sensor features hexagonal charge collection pixels on the
top metal layer with a pitch of 5 μm and covering an area of 7.4 × 6.4 mm2. The 2
million of the pixels of this sensor are not read out individually.

Each pixel is connected to a straight-line in either 0°, 120° or -120° orientation, in which a current is produced in case of a hit. Each of these readout strip-lines is connected to a readout cell which receives this current, amplifies it using a current mirror and converts it into a digital signal by means of a current comparator. The data is collected from the digital outputs of the readout cells using a priority encoder readout scheme and transmitted in frames of 400 ns. This projective readout system reduces the number of channels to be read out from 2 million pixels to 2556 readout cells integrated within the pixel matrix. Using three projections reduces the ambiguity in case of multiple hits.
Assessing readability of the text in ancient paper fragments by a photometric statistical analysis
Authors: Franchi Martina , Colonnese Stefania , Cedola Alessia , Barelli Lia , Morretta Simona
Published: May 2024

Ancient documents are important historical sources that are often found in a fragmented
condition due to their conservation status. In this study, we examined fragments of paper found in
1996 during excavation of the
Santi Quattro Coronati
complex, in Rome. The archaeological site
where the fragments were found is situated on the first floor of the tower within the
complex. This location was used as a disposal pit approximately between the 15th and 16th
centuries. The fragments exhibit text discoloration, hindering automatic recognition and human
readability. To reveal the faded text, the fragments have been digitalized, converted into a
perceptually uniform color space and the contrast has been enhanced. The photometric
characteristics of the input and enhanced images have been statistically characterized, and the
contrast enhancement assessed by a state-of-the-art metric. The statistical analysis of the text
colour coordinates was carried out to develop supervised and unsupervised image segmentation,
isolating the text.

The results of the method show that it effectively identifies text regions within images, improving readability, even for faded text. It can be integrated into deep learning-based character recognition systems, facilitating the automatic analysis of historical handwritten documents.
Photon-counting detector step-wedge calibration enabling water and iodine material decomposition
Authors: Rodesch Pierre-Antoine , Richtsmeier Devon , Murphy Kevin , Iniewski Kris , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena
Published: May 2024

Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) has
demonstrated improvements in conventional image quality compared to
energy integrating detector (EID) CT. PCD-CT has the advantage of
being able to operate in conventional and spectral mode
simultaneously by sorting photons according to selected energy
thresholds. However, to reconstruct spectral images PCD-CT requires
extensive calibration and specifically fine-tuning a spectral
response. This response is then used to perform material
decomposition (MD). We propose a step-wedge phantom made of water
and iodine to calibrate a prototype PCD-CT system. Four methods were
tested and compared based on calibration accuracy and CT image
quality. The exhaustive PCD response was not well calibrated, but a
reduced model was defined that was able to perform accurate
water/iodine MD and to reduce the ring artifact intensity. The
impact of the number of energy bins (from two to seven) was also
studied. The number of bins did not affect the spectral
accuracy. However, compared to the two energy bin configuration, the
seven bin configuration decreased the noise by 10% and 15% in the
water and iodine maps, respectively. The model was tested on ex-vivo tissue samples injected with iodine to demonstrate
the results of the water/iodine MD on biological materials.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of cooperative antimicrobial resistance in a population of fluctuating volume and size
Authors: Hernández-Navarro Lluís , Asker Matthew , Mobilia Mauro
Published: May 2024

Antimicrobial resistance to drugs (AMR), a global threat to human and animal health, is often regarded as resulting from cooperative behaviour. Moreover, microbes generally evolve in volatile environments that, together with demographic fluctuations (birth and death events), drastically alter population size and strain survival. Motivated by the need to better understand the evolution of AMR, we study a population of time-varying size consisting of two competing strains, one drug-resistant and one drug-sensitive, subject to demographic and environmental variability. This is modelled by a binary carrying capacity randomly switching between mild and harsh environmental conditions, and driving the fluctuating volume (total amount of nutrients and antimicrobials at fixed concentration), and thus the size of the community (number of resistant and sensitive cells). We assume that AMR is a shared public good when the concentration of resistant cells exceeds a fixed concentration cooperation threshold, above which the sensitive strain has a growth advantage, whereas resistant cells dominate below it. Using computational means, and devising an analytical treatment (built on suitable quenched and annealed averaging procedures), we fully characterise the influence of fluctuations on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of AMR, and notably obtain specific strain fixation and long-lasting coexistence probabilities as a function of the environmental variation rate and cooperation threshold. We find that microbial strains tend to coexistence, but demographic fluctuations eventually lead to the extinction of resistant or sensitive cells for small or large values of the concentration cooperation threshold, respectively. This also holds for dynamic environments, whose specific properties determine the extinction timescale.
Optimization of wheat flour and purple sweet potato paste for texture, specific volume, and bread color using the mixture design method
Authors: Apriliyanti M W , Suryaningsih W , Kurnianto M F , Saleh A S
Published: May 2024

Wheat flour is one of the important ingredients in bread processing because it contains gluten which greatly affects the character of the bread. In this research, wheat flour was substituted with purple sweet potato paste to reduce dependence on the use of wheat flour. Purple sweet potato has the potential for processing food products because of its nutritional content and very attractive natural purple color. This research uses the Optimal Custom Design Mixture Design Method which consists of two factors, namely wheat flour (40-90%) and purple sweet potato paste (10-40%) on 5 physical characteristic responses, namely texture, specific volume, color L, color a, and color b. The data were analyzed using expert design 13 with 8 formulations. The results show that the optimization of the wheat flour formulation 65.025% and purple sweet potato paste 34.975% is predicted to produce bread with a texture value of (texture analyzer) 2.945 N, specific volume 3.488 cm3/g, color L brightness level is 57.650%, color a is 3.410, and color b is 11.910 (manual method of color reader tool) with a desirability of 0.613.
Different concentrations of maltodextrin and albumin influenced the quality characteristics and hedonic acceptance of sorghum powder drinks
Authors: Romulo A , Aurellia C A
Published: May 2024

Sorghum emerges as a promising choice for developing nutritional powdered beverages, employing the foam mat drying technique with ingredients like maltodextrin and egg white powder. Yet, the precise impact of these components on the quality of powdered beverages remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of maltodextrin (10-30%) and egg white powder (4-5%) on moisture content, color, antioxidant activity, and hedonic acceptance in sorghum-based beverages. Nine formulations were assessed, indicating that increased maltodextrin and egg white powder decreased water content (from 4.88% to 3.96%) and resulted in a lightness (L*) value exceeding 80. Generally, higher concentrations of maltodextrin (>10%) and egg white powder (4.5%) elevated the a* and b* values. Furthermore, elevated quantities of these components led to reduced antioxidant capacity (from 0.00013 to 0.00028 mg TE/g sample) and total phenols (from 9.98 to 4.84 mg GAE/g sample) in the beverages. Notably, egg white powder significantly influenced (p<0.05) the overall liking of the sorghum beverage.
Effect drying process of white turmeric herb (Curcuma mangga) on antioxidant activity
Authors: Indis N A , Kurniawan F
Published: May 2024

Curcuma mangga is one of the herbal rhizome plants. It has good benefits as Curcuma longa, and it has advantage of having aroma like a mango. This study aims to determine the effect of drying process of Curcuma mangga herb toward antioxidant activity. There are eight drying variations (oven drying at 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90°C, sun drying, room temperature, and freeze drying). Extraction of Curcuma mangga powder was carried out by maceration using aquadest, this study didn’t used organic solvents because the solvent for herbal drink is water (aquadest). Curcuma mangga extract was analysed for its stability in room temperature, FTIR analysis, and antioxidant activity analysis using 0.02% DPPH. The entire process in this research was replicated three times and average results were obtained. Based on the results, it can be seen that Curcuma mangga extracts are not stable at room temperature (maximum at 6 hours). Based on spectra FTIR results, Curcuma mangga extracts have polar functional group because the solvent used for extraction is aquadest which is polar solvent. The best antioxidant activity results (%AA) of Curcuma mangga is vacuum freeze drying process with an IC50 value 106.95 ppm, it was classified as a moderate antioxidant.
Improving the quality and toxicity of rice husk liquid smoke to control edamame soybean pests
Authors: Syarief M , Erdiansyah I , Utami C D , Arini S F M
Published: May 2024

Purpose of the research to improve the quality and toxicity of husk charcoal liquid smoke which is effective and selective in controlling edamame soybean plant pests, safe for predatory and pollinators arthropods, and does not contain the dangerous compound Benzo(a)pyrene. The resulting product can be used as a substitute for synthetic insecticides which are non-selective and unsafe for predators, pollinators and human health. The technique used was to set the temperature of the pyrolysis process between 200-300°C to produce grade 3 and distillation of grade 3 to grade 2 with a temperature of 80-100°C. Research was carried out at Jember State Polytechnic, from August to September 2023. The observation parameters were content of grade 3 and grade 2 compounds using GCMS, Bioassay tests againstS. litura3rdinstar using concentrations of 0%, 1%. 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% each for 10 test insects, with 3 repetitions, using the feed immersion method. LC50and LC95test used PoloPlus 1.0. Field tests compared arthropod diversity, grade 3, grade 2 and Imidacloprid treatments, using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The diversity index uses the Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Sympson Dominance Index (C’) formulas. Conclusion LC95grade 3 was 3%, Grade 2 was 4%. Both were not found Benzo(a)pyrene. The grade 3 pest population was not significantly different compared to Imidacloprid. Grade 3 and grade 2 predators and pollinators were higher than Imidacloprid, the diversity of Grade 3, grade 2 and Imidacloprid treatments were moderate diversity, balanced ecosystem and no species dominance found.
Innovation of Traditional Culinary Lemuru Fish with Yellow Spices Using Canning Technology at Fish Canning Teaching Factory Politeknik Negeri Jember
Authors: Adhamatika Adhima , Wijaya Rizza , Kurnia Novita Sari Elok
Published: May 2024

Canned fish is one of TEFA Fish Canning’s products that has potential in Indonesia, however consumption of canned fish in Indonesia is still relatively low than the other countries. One of the problems that often occurs with canned fish products from TEFA Fish Canning is the lack of product variations are limited only to tomato and chili sauce. One of the canned fish that has the potential to be developed is lemuru fish with yellow spices in cans by combining canning technology and a touch of typical Indonesian processing in yellow spices. The objectives of the research were (a) to see the formulation and nutritional value of yellow spiced lemuru fish products in canned packaging, (b) to assess the product’s sensory quality to determine market acceptance, and (c) to determine the best yellow spiced lemuru fish formulation using the Multiple Attribute method. This research was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 formulations of yellow spiced lemuru fish being tested including lemuru fish with pesmol seasoning, lemuru fish with rujak seasoning, lemuru woku fish, lemuru fish with rujak basil seasoning, and lemuru fish with pesmol basil. The parameters tested include physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics. Parameters for determining the best treatment include color (L*, a*, & b*), pH, salinity, hedonic test (aroma, color, taste, texture, & overall) and hedonic quality test (aroma, color, taste, texture, & whole). The test results show that canned yellow spiced lemuru fish with formulation 3, namely woku lemuru fish, is the sample with the best parameter attributes, namely with values L* = 50.88, a* = 29.03, b* = 54.23, pH = 6, 32, salinity = 1.09, hedonic color = 4.24, aroma = 3.92, taste = 3.68, texture = 3.84, and overall = 4.20. The final results will show yellow spiced lemuru fish as a new canned fish product at TEFA Fish Canning with a recommended shelf life that has been tested using Arrhenius Method. Based on the Arrhenius test, canned lemuru fish with yellow spices can be stored at 30°C for 224 days. The novelty brought about in this research is the formulation of yellow spiced lemuru fish products in cans which can be used as a new product for TEFA Fish Canning as a solution to the problem of minimal product variety.
Research on the Characteristics of Water Based on Big Data of Automatic Pond Reservoir System
Authors: Destarianto P , Wibowo N S , Wijanarko D
Published: May 2024

In shrimp cultivation, water is one of the crucial components in the cultivation process, as evident in several aspects such as oxygen, pH, and temperature. The recommended range for good oxygen levels is between 3 and 7, pH should be in the range of 7 to 9, and the temperature should be maintained between 24.5 ℃ and 31.9℃. To achieve optimal results, we use fuzzy logic as a controller for the existing system. After obtaining data from the aforementioned sensors, with the assistance of fuzzy logic, control will be implemented to maintain an optimal environment using fuzzy logic. With the aid of this fuzzy logic, accuracy up to 90% can be achieved with approximately 290 data points.
Optimizing the ratio of raw materials and pH on biogas production from cow manure with banana peel waste in batch system reactors
Authors: Faizin N , Ulma Z , Rachmanita R E , Wibowo M J , Anwar S
Published: May 2024

Politeknik Negeri Jember has dairy cows TEFA which produce relatively large amounts of cow dung waste, namely 280 kg per day. The fecal waste is directly thrown into waterways, causing air pollution, namely causing an unpleasant odor. It would be interesting to conduct research on cow dung waste in TEFA of dairy cows. This research was carried out with the aim of utilizing cow manure which is waste in TEFA dairy cattle as raw material for biogas with a mixture of banana peel waste as a substrate. In this research, a batch system reactor with an anaerobic fermentation method was used. The variables used were the ratio of cow manure to banana peel waste with variations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and the pH variable variations of 6, 7, and 8. The test parameter observed in the research was the volume of biogas. The experimental design used to determine optimum conditions is the Response Surface Method (RSM). The experimental design was carried out on 2 variables with 3 variations so that 9 data points were obtained. Based on the test results, it is known that the optimum conditions for the variable ratio of cow dung to banana peel waste and pH are 1:3 and the pH variation is 6, where the volume of gas produced is 177.8 ml.
Analysis of the supply of the agricultural sector in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2018-2021
Authors: Villavicencio-Córdova X A , Garzozi-Pincay R F , Acosta-Lozano N V , Castillo-Burbano J L , Garzozi-Pincay Y S , Correa-Soto S R , Sánchez-Vera J M , Herrera-Villamar J D
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is the economic estimate that was presented in the supply of the agricultural sector due to COVID-19. The agri-food chains maintained their activities since their products are of great importance. Benefits were estimated for the farmer, since the prices of inputs and agrochemical products decreased considerably, reducing production costs, during the period from January 2018 to April 2021, through the application of a Linear Regression Model with polynomial trend. Finally, the study has an approach based on the supply performance of the agricultural sector during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and at the same time recognize the positive or negative economic impact that the production and marketing of the sector has achieved in recent times.
Stratigraphy of Jaten Formation based on palynology and sedimentology analysis in Dongko Area, Trenggalek, East Java
Authors: Istiana  , Rachman M G , Ardine J E , Mustav I D , Alfinna F D S , Rohaman M
Published: May 2024

Jaten Formation is located in the Southern Mountains of the eastern part of Java island. East Java is known as one of the largest provinces in Indonesia for oil and gas production. However, the exploited areas have primarily been in the northern part of East Java. The Southern Mountains region shows several indications of potential oil systems, such as shale outcrops in the Jaten Formation. This research aims to understand the stratigraphic characteristics of the Jaten formation using a palynological and sedimentological analysis approach.

The palynological analysis result determined that the age of the Jaten Formation in the study area is estimated to be the upper part of Early Miocene to Middle Miocene, deposited in a back mangrove to mangrove environment. This determination is based on the first appearance datum of the Stenochlaena areolaris in the bottom sample (1) and the first appearance datum of the Florschuetzia meridionalis in sample 4. An increased proportion of taxa Acrostichum aureum, Calophyllum type and Spinizonocolpites echinatus characterizes the back mangrove environment. The mangrove environment is characterized by an increased proportion of taxa such as Florscuetzhia trilobata, Florscuetzhia meridionalis, Florscuetzhia levipoli Rhizophora sp, Exoecaria agallocha and Avicennia type. The increased proportion of Rhizophora sp pollen primarily influences the high proportion of mangrove taxa. Mangroves with Rhizophora sp as their main component are usually found around river estuaries and in areas with periodic influence from the sea, such as lagoons or bays. Based on the sedimentology and palynological analysis, the formation was deposited in mangrove-backmangrove environment.
Preliminary study of waste storage ponds delineation area in the Ungaran Geothermal Mining working area, Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiati D , Humairoh W A , Putra I P R A
Published: May 2024

The Gedongsongo and Nglimut areas have the potential for Indonesian geothermal exploration projects. One of the problems of the PLTP sector is producing geothermal waste in the form of brine, and geothermal mud can endanger human health and ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the best zone for waste storage ponds in this prospect area. The method integrates DEM and Landsat data analysis, producing Maps of Slopes and Lineaments to delineate the best area for making ponds. There are several parameters for determining the pond-making zone: area with a slope of less than 15%, distance from the fault is more than 200 m, and distance from areas of geothermal manifestations such as hot springs and fumaroles is more significant than 200 m. This analysis results in four delineation zones suitable for creating waste storage ponds. In the Nglimut area, there are N1 and N2; in the Gedongsongo area, there are G1 and G2 as potential zones. The best zones were N2 and G1. Locations N1 and G2 are fair zones because the eastern area of G2 is 200 m from the fault, and the northern region of N1 is close to the hot spring.
Engineering geology capability for tourism on the Cucukan River Prambanan Klaten Central Java
Authors: Aji Dwi Kristanto Wisnu , Dzaki Wirayuda Bramantio , Trianda Obrin
Published: May 2024

The community’s need for tourism has increased with the new culture, namely healing. This was caught quickly by tourism entrepreneurs to compete to build new tourist attractions. The river is one of the interesting objects for tourism. Besides the natural potential, the river can be developed as water tourism such as fishing and various water games. However, this potential is accompanied by the potential danger that can be caused by the river itself and its surroundings. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the engineering geology to ensure the capability of the river area to support tourism. The Cucukan River has tourism potential which has been used as an arena for fishing and regular water games. However, this river area is composed of loose material from clay-sand with water flows that often overflow at the peak of the rainy season. So it is necessary to conduct research related to the capability of engineering geology for tourism. The research was conducted by observation and mapping based on the principles of engineering geology, eight parameters of engineering geology capability consisting of: rock and soil bearing capacity, slope, geological disaster potential, ease of excavability, groundwater level, land use, rock weathering degree, and fracture density fields. The results showed that the engineering geology capability for tourism Cucukan River area is divided into three zones, namely: high capability zone, medium capability zone, and low capability zone.
Identification of landslide vulnerability in the Sendangsari Area, Pajangan District, Bantul, Yogyakarta based on the Weighting Method of Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 22/PRT/M/2007
Authors: Arrisaldi T , Bima M A A , Yudaputra A M , Bisatya B , Nur A , Yuliana T , Putri N R , Wahyuningtyas D
Published: May 2024

Dusun Krebet, in the Sendangsari Village, sub-district of Pajangan, Bantul regency, is one of the villages situated in a limestone hill area. Due to its location in the hilly terrain, both morphologically and in terms of its geological composition, the Krebet village has the potential for and is at risk of landslides. This research identifies areas that fall into the category of landslide-prone disaster zones using the Weighting Method specified in the Indonesian Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 22/PRT/M/2007. The determination of landslide-prone disaster zones is based on seven parameters, which are slope, geological conditions, land use, water flow density, soil thickness, rainfall conditions, and seismic activity map overlay is conducted with the assistance of weighting based on the Indonesian Ministry of PUPR regulations, which represents a subjective factor according to the researcher’s perspective in the study area. This process results in two risk zones: low landslide risk and medium landslide risk. The research based on the Ministry of PUPR Regulation No. 22/PRT/M/2007 indicates that the Pajangan District is predominantly characterized by a low level of vulnerability to landslide disasters, with only a small area falling into the moderate vulnerability category. This is because the regulation places greater emphasis on the potential damage to infrastructure and does not give as much attention to disaster mitigation aspects that need to be implemented.