bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Deep Learning Model of College English Based on Multimodal Learning Method
Authors: Han Xiuying
Published: October 2022

Deep learning refers to active learning that allows students to perceive, experience, understand, and apply knowledge. Deep learning focuses on the mastery of knowledge and skills and more on the cultivation of higher-order thinking skills such as awareness, problem-solving, and knowledge transfer. In order to improve the quality of English classroom teaching in today’s colleges and universities and cultivate high-level applied foreign language talents, this paper constructs a multimodal teaching model based on deep learning theory and discusses how to apply the model to college English teaching practice in order to promote the realization of students’ deep learning, improve the effectiveness of English learning, and provide a reference for the teaching reform of college English courses.
Enhanced Multilink Single-Radio Operation for the Next-Generation IEEE 802.11 BE Wi-Fi Systems
Authors: Lan Xiyang , Zu Xinyu , Yang Jie
Published: October 2022

For the next-generation Wi-Fi systems, the Enhanced Multilink Single-Radio (EMLSR) operation has become a promising feature to improve the Wi-Fi system performance. The EMLSR enables dynamic switching among multiple bands with low-cost implementation and efficient power consumption. However, with realistic channelization of multiple links with 320 MHz bandwidth on 6 GHz and 160 MHz bandwidth on 5 GHz, the performance of EMLSR is jeopardized due to the crowded 5 GHz band with existing Wi-Fi systems. In addition, the unbalanced bandwidth configuration between an access point (AP) and stations (STAs) multilink devices (MLDs) may result in wasted secondary channels when STAs supporting smaller bandwidth stay on the primary channel only. We proposed the further enhanced EMLSR with a new MAC protocol and link selection mechanism, where a primary link (PL) is selected between AP and STA with the unbalanced Link/Band and one or multiple secondary links (SLs) with balanced Link/Band. The STA tunes the main radio on the PL and the scan radio to one of the SLs. The PL will be more prioritized than the SL based on the link selection algorithm to maximize the channel utilization. Compared with legacy EMLSR, the enhanced EMLSR can improve the utilization of the secondary channel. Even under heavy OBSS load on SL or both PL and SL, the further enhanced EMLSR can achieve 50% to 70% throughput gain.
A Review for the Driving Behavior Recognition Methods Based on Vehicle Multisensor Information
Authors: Zhao Dengfeng , Zhong Yudong , Fu Zhijun , Hou Junjian , Zhao Mingyuan
Published: October 2022

The frequent traffic accidents lead to a large number of casualties and large related financial losses every year; this serious state is owed to several factors; among those, driving behavior is one of the most imperative subjects to discuss. Driving behaviors mainly include behavior characteristics such as car-following, lane change, and risky driving behavior such as distraction, fatigue, or aggressive driving, which are of great help to various tasks in traffic engineering. An accurate and reliable method of driving behavior recognition is of great significance and guidance for vehicle driving safety. In this paper, the vehicle multisensor information, vehicle CAN bus data acquisition system, and typical feature extraction methods are summarized at first. And then, several driving behavior recognition models based on machine learning and deep learning are reviewed. Through a detailed analysis of the features of random forests, support vector machines, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent neural networks used to build driving behavior recognition models, the following findings are obtained: the driving behavior model constructed by traditional machine learning model is relatively mature but it is greatly affected by feature extraction, data scale, and model structure, which affects the accuracy of the final driving behavior recognition. Deep learning model based on a neural network has achieved high accuracy in identifying driving behavior, and it may gradually become the mainstream of constructing the driving behavior model with the development of big data, artificial intelligence technology, and computer hardware. Finally, this paper points out some content that needs to be further explored, to provide reference and inspiration for scholars in this field to continue to study the driving behavior recognition model in depth.
Five EMT-Related Gene Signatures Predict Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient Outcome
Authors: Qi Jing , Yan Jiawei , Idrees Muhammad , Almutairi Saeedah Musaed , Rasheed Rabab Ahmed , Hussein Usama Ahmed , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , Wang Ran , Huang Jun , Huang Chen , Wang Nana , Huang Dongping , Hui Yuan , Li Chen
Published: October 2022

Background. The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene has been shown to be significantly associated with the prognosis of solid tumors; however, there is a lack of models for the EMT gene to predict the prognosis of AML patients. Methods. First, we downloaded clinical data and raw transcriptome sequencing data from the TCGA database of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. All currently confirmed EMT-related genes were obtained from the dbEMT 2.0 database, and 30% of the TCGA data were randomly selected as the test set. Univariate Cox regression analysis, random forest, and lasso regression were used to optimize the number of genes for model construction, and multivariate Cox regression was used for model construction. Area under the ROC curve was used to assess the efficacy of the model application, and the internal validation set was used to assess the stability of the model. Results. A total of 173 AML samples were downloaded, and a total of 1184 EMT-related genes were downloaded. The results of univariate batch Cox regression analysis suggested that 212 genes were associated with patient prognosis, random forest and lasso regression yielded 18 and 8 prognosis-related EMT genes, respectively, and the results of multifactorial COX regression model suggested that 5 genes, CBR1, HS3ST3B1, LIMA1, MIR573, and PTP4A3, were considered as independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis. The model ROC results suggested that the area under the curve was 0.868 and the internal validation results showed that the area under the curve was 0.815. Conclusion. During this study, we constructed a signature model of five EMT-related genes to predict overall survival in patients with AML; it will provide a useful tool for clinical decision making.
Utilizing Sentinel-2 Data for Mapping Burned Areas in Banjarbaru Wetlands, South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Arisanty Deasy , Feindhi Ramadhan Muhammad , Angriani Parida , Muhaimin Muhammad , Nur Saputra Aswin , Puji Hastuti Karunia , Rosadi Dedi
Published: October 2022

Sentinel-2 imagery can identify forest and land fires in underground parts, surface fires, and crown fires. The dNBR and RBR spectral indices on Sentinel-2 images proved accurate in identifying. This study analyzed the index value for burned area mapping in wetland areas using Sentinel-2 imagery data in 2019 and hotspot data from the MODIS data. The indices used to identify the burned area and the severity of the fire was the differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) and relativized burn ratio (RBR). Visual validation tests were performed by comparing RGB composite images to check the appearance before and after combustion with dNBR and RBR results. The dNBR value accuracy was 91.5%, and for a kappa, the accuracy was 89.58%. The RBR accuracy was 92.9%, and the kappa accuracy was 0.91. The results confirmed that in the Banjarbaru area, RBR was more accurate in identifying burned areas than dNBR; both indices can be used for burned area mapping in wetland areas.
Mycosynthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Using Laetiporus versisporus Mushroom and Analysis of Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Farzana Fathima M. R. , Usha Raja Nanthini A. , Al-Khattaf Fatimah S. , Hatamleh Ashraf Atef , Kabir Sadib Bin
Published: October 2022

Nanoparticles being the backbone of nanotechnology gain more attention nowadays as they are entirely different from the colloids and also exhibit unique electrochemical, physical, and optical properties corresponding to their dimensions and shape. The core concept of getting nanoparticles from metal colloids lies on the traditional approach that is applied in both conventional and mechanical methods these days. Among those, the techniques that rely on the biological systems for the generation of nanoparticles have more merits and precedence over other environmental mechanisms as this mitigates the expense as well as toxicity. Considering both nutritional and medicinal values of mushrooms, they were properly managed, adopted, and accustomed in distinct skills to get desired products of nanosizes. Gold is commonly known as a noble metal, and it owns enormous medicinal values since long time in history. Here, a mycosynthesis approach was applied; by the way, the mushroom Laetiporus versisporus and gold ions collaborate to bring out gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by the involvement of Laetiporus versisporus. Mycosynthesis deals with an environmentally friendly process that leads to the extracellular synthesis of AuNPs. The Laetiporus versisporus were collected from hills of Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu. The gold source turned into ultrafiner particles which were then computed and monitored through UV‐Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the texture of particles was affirmed with the help of peaks originated in X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and scanning electron microscope (SEM) unveiled spherical AuNPs, and the overall scale of which was figured as 10 nm. Various concentrations of AuNPs by the concentration of extracted Laetiporus versisporus were evaluated for antioxidant activity using the standard in vitro methods like ferrous ion chelating effect, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, and DPPH assay activity.
“Effect of Palatal Metal Collar’s Height on Fracture Resistance of Single Metal-Ceramic Crowns”
Authors: Aburaisi Nour , Elbishari Haitham
Published: October 2022

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the palatal metal collar height on the fracture resistance of metal-ceramic crowns. Materials and Methods. A maxillary premolar typodont tooth was prepared and scanned to fabricate 48 metal analogs. The analogs were then scanned to fabricate metal copings divided into 4 groups according to palatal metal collar height as follows; (C0): 0 mm, (C1): 1.0 mm, (C2): 1.5 mm, and (C3): 2.0 mm. After a standard application of pressed ceramic, each crown was cemented onto its corresponding metal tooth analog. The crown-analog assembly was subjected to a sequence of thermal stressing for 5,000 cycles. A universal testing machine applied controlled loads to the crowns until fracture. Examination under a stereomicroscope determined the failure mode. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine fracture. Load to failure data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD (

P
≤
0.05

). Results. ANOVA statistics revealed that groups with a palatal metal collar presented significantly higher failure loads when compared to the collarless group (

P
<
0.0001

). Difference in failure loads between 1.5-mm and 2.0-mm palatal metal collar height were not statistically significant (

P
=
0.935

). There were no significant differences detected among the groups in terms of failure mode. Conclusions. The height of the palatal metal collar has an effect on the fracture resistance of the metal-ceramic crowns. Clinical Relevance. The incorporation of a palatal collar with a predetermined height is essential to reduce the mechanical failure of metal-ceramic crowns.
Research on Compound Braking Control Strategy of Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Based on Driving Intention Recognition
Authors: Li Wanmin , Zhao Gengyun , Zhu Youdi , Lin Xiaojun , Zhang Yaping
Published: October 2022

To improve the braking performance and braking energy feedback rate of extended-range electric vehicles, a driving intention recognition model is established based on Markov theory with brake pedal displacement, pedal displacement change rate, and pedal force as parameters, and the validity of the model is verified by actual vehicle test data. Based on the driving intention recognition model, a compound braking control strategy for extended-range electric vehicles is established with the constraints of braking force distribution and motor and battery characteristics. Cruise and MATLAB are used for joint simulation. The simulation results show that the compound braking system of extended-range electric vehicles with the compound braking control strategy based on brake intention recognition can work stably and effectively. On the premise of ensuring braking stability and safety, the braking energy recovery efficiency can be increased by 0.36% and the recovery rate can reach 12.88%. The compound braking system can effectively recover braking energy, improve the energy utilization rate of extended-range electric vehicles, and increase driving range.
YTHDC2 Promotes Malignant Phenotypes of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Tanabe Atsushi , Nakayama Takatoshi , Kashiyanagi Jo , Yamaga Hitoshi , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Torigoe Toshihiko , Satomi Fukino , Shima Hiroaki , Maeda Hideki , Kutomi Goro , Takemasa Ichiro , Sahara Hiroeki
Published: October 2022

YTH domain-containing 2 (YTHDC2) is known to be an important regulator for RNA metabolism. Here, we show that YTHDC2 is essential for breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. We examined YTHDC2 expression levels by immunohistochemistry in human breast tumor tissues from 99 patients and found a significantly positive correlation between the YTHDC2 expression level and the tumor stage. We established YTHDC2-knocked-down cell lines using four breast cancer cell lines with different subtypes. Knockdown of YTHDC2 attenuated the sphere-forming and the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells. Although stemness and EMT markers, such as SOX2, c-MYC, and NANOG, were downregulated in several YTHDC2-knocked-down breast cancer cells, a common target gene of YTHDC2 in breast cancer cells was not identified. These findings suggest that while YTHDC2 is involved in malignant progression of breast cancers, the mechanism by which YTHDC2 regulates those phenotypes is different between subtypes of breast cancers.
Analysis of Herdsmen’s Credit Behavior under the Identification Scheme of Emotional and Psychological State
Authors: Zhang Xinling , Huang Huijie , Zheng Liyang
Published: October 2022

Herdsmen’s access to credit funds plays an important supporting role in promoting the modern economic development of pastoral areas and broadening the channels for herders to increase their income. This paper studies the credit behavior of herdsmen from the perspective of emotional and psychological state identification to analyze the current credit behavior of herdsmen. Firstly, the internal mechanism of herdsmen’s credit and emotional and psychological identification research content are analyzed. Secondly, a scheme of emotional and psychological state identification is proposed, and a corresponding survey of herdsmen is carried out according to the scheme. Finally, the Probit and Heckman models are introduced to analyze the credit behavior of herdsmen. The results show that herdsmen with high emotional and psychological scores strongly demand credit. They are likely to have access to credit and have a high level of credit. Herdsmen with low scores of emotional and psychological characteristics have low or no apparent demand for credit, and their credit availability is also low. The herdsmen with high emotional and psychological characteristics have a 71% higher probability of generating credit demand than herdsmen with low openness. Their likelihood of obtaining credit is also 33.47% higher than herdsmen with low emotional and psychological characteristics. They also have easy access to higher loan amounts. The results provide a reference for related research and analysis of herdsman’s credit behavior and economic development.
Effects of Lycopene Attenuating Injuries in Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: Wu Sijia , Guo Xiajun , Shang Jia , Li Yuanyuan , Dong Wanglin , Peng Qianwen , Xie Zhenxing , Chen Chaoran
Published: October 2022

Tissue and organ ischemia can lead to cell trauma, tissue necrosis, irreversible damage, and death. While intended to reverse ischemia, reperfusion can further aggravate an ischemic injury (ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R injury) through a range of pathologic processes. An I/R injury to one organ can also harm other organs, leading to systemic multiorgan failure. A type of carotenoid, lycopene, has been shown to treat and prevent many diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, male infertility, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disease), making it a hot research topic in health care. Some recent researches have suggested that lycopene can evidently ameliorate ischemic and I/R injuries to many organs, but few clinical studies are available. Therefore, it is essential to review the effects of lycopene on ischemic and I/R injuries to different organs, which may help further research into its potential clinical applications.
The High Expression of Adhering and Circulating Integrin Serves as a Diagnostic Marker in Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Yang Fan , Song Yanli , Song Haoming , Zheng Weiping , Wang Lemin
Published: October 2022

Objective. To investigate the diagnostic value of circulating integrins β1, 2, and 3 in venous thrombosis (VTE). Materials and Methods. A total of 474 VTE patients and 306 patients with nonhigh risk for VTE as the control group were studied. Levels of adhering integrins β1, 2, and 3 were detected by flow cytometry. Levels of circulating integrins β1, 2, and 3 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. We found that integrins β1, 2, and 3 were expressed highly both in serum and on the surface of leukocytes and platelets in venous thromboembolism. The levels of circulating integrins β1, 2, and 3 are positively correlated with adhering integrins. It showed excellent clinical diagnostic performance of circulating integrins β1, 2, and 3 in venous thromboembolism. Conclusions. Integrin subunit β can be used as a diagnostic marker with high sensitivity and specificity for venous thromboembolism.
Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Questionnaire‐8
Authors: Kang Sung-Goo , Gweon Tae-Geun , Lee Han Hee , Lee Kang-Moon , Jung Sung Hoon , Kang Sang-Bum
Published: October 2022

Background. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a decreased quality of life (QoL), the improvement of which is a treatment goal. The CUCQ‐8 is a verified simple and effective QoL measurement tool. We validated the Korean version of CUCQ‐8 with the approval of its developer. Methods. We investigated the correlation between the Korean version of CUCQ‐8 and the IBDQ‐32 in patients with IBD. Results. In all, 147 subjects (male, 97 (66.0%); female, 50 (34.0%); mean age 36.2 ± 13.5 years) were analyzed. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the CUCQ‐8 was 0.833, indicating very high internal consistency. The Korean version of the CUCQ‐8 showed a significant correlation with the IBDQ‐32 and its subscales (correlation coefficient, >0.75). Conclusions. The Korean version of the CUCQ‐8 has high reliability and construct validity and can be used to evaluate the QoL of patients with IBD.
Conflict Resolution Strategy Based on Flight Conflict Network Optimal Dominating Set
Authors: Wu Minggong , Yang Wenda , Bi Kexin , Wen Xiangxi , Li Jianping
Published: October 2022

Aiming at the problem that the air traffic flow is increasing year by year and the flight conflicts are difficult to be deployed, we take aircraft as the node and established a flight conflict network based on the flight conflict relationship between aircrafts. After that, we define the concept of an optimal dominating set. By removing the optimal dominating set nodes of the flight conflict network, the conflicts in the network can be quickly resolved and the complexity of the network is reduced. In the process of solving the optimal dominating set of the network, we introduce the immune mechanism based on the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and ensure the priority deployment of a critical aircraft and high-risk conflicts by setting two types of antigens, nodes and connected edges. Compared with the traditional method, the conflict resolution strategy presented in this paper is able to quickly identify key aircraft nodes in the network and has better sensitivity to high-risk conflict edges, which can provide controllers and the control system with a more accurate and reliable suggestion to resolve the flight conflicts macroscopically.
Disruption of the Gut Microbiota Confers Cisplatin Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chambers Laura M. , Esakov Rhoades Emily L. , Bharti Rashmi , Braley Chad , Tewari Surabhi , Trestan Lexie , Alali Zahraa , Bayik Defne , Lathia Justin D. , Sangwan Naseer , Bazeley Peter , Joehlin-Price Amy S. , Wang Zeneng , Dutta Sumita , Dwidar Mohammed , Hajjar Adeline , Ahern Philip P. , Claesen Jan , Rose Peter , Vargas Roberto , Brown J. Mark , Michener Chad M. , Reizes Ofer
Published: October 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. Despite initial responses to intervention, up to 80% of patient tumors recur and require additional treatment. Retrospective clinical analysis of patients with ovarian cancer indicates antibiotic use during chemotherapy treatment is associated with poor overall survival. Here, we assessed whether antibiotic (ABX) treatment would impact growth of EOC and sensitivity to cisplatin. Immunocompetent or immunocompromised mice were given untreated control or ABX-containing (metronidazole, ampicillin, vancomycin, and neomycin) water prior to intraperitoneal injection with EOC cells, and cisplatin therapy was administered biweekly until endpoint. Tumor-bearing ABX-treated mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth and resistance to cisplatin therapy compared with control treatment. ABX treatment led to reduced apoptosis, increased DNA damage repair, and enhanced angiogenesis in cisplatin-treated tumors, and tumors from ABX-treated mice contained a higher frequency of cisplatin-augmented cancer stem cells than control mice. Stool analysis indicated nonresistant gut microbial species were disrupted by ABX treatment. Cecal transplants of microbiota derived from control-treated mice was sufficient to ameliorate chemoresistance and prolong survival of ABX-treated mice, indicative of a gut-derived tumor suppressor. Metabolomics analyses identified circulating gut-derived metabolites that were altered by ABX treatment and restored by recolonization, providing candidate metabolites that mediate the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and ovarian cancer. Collectively, these findings indicate that an intact microbiome functions as a tumor suppressor in EOC, and perturbation of the gut microbiota with ABX treatment promotes tumor growth and suppresses cisplatin sensitivity.

Significance:

Restoration of the gut microbiome, which is disrupted following antibiotic treatment, may help overcome platinum resistance in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

See related commentary by Hawkins and Nephew, p. 4511
Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Precursors Reveals Reactivation of IGFBP2 during Pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Yeh , Huang Peng , Wang Brant G. , Murdock Tricia , Cope Leslie , Hsu Fang-Chi , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming
Published: October 2022

Elucidating the earliest pathogenic steps in cancer development is fundamental to improving its early detection and prevention. Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), a highly aggressive cancer, mostly originates from the fallopian tube epithelium through a precursor stage, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). In this study, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis to compare STICs, carcinoma, and their matched normal fallopian tube epithelium. Several differentially expressed genes in STICs and carcinomas were involved in cancer metabolism and detected in a larger independent transcriptomic dataset of ovarian HGSCs. Among these, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) was found to undergo DNA hypomethylation and to be increased at the protein level in STICs. Pyrosequencing revealed an association of IGFBP2 expression with the methylation state of its proximal enhancer, and 5-azacytidine treatment increased IGFBP2 expression. In postmenopausal fallopian tubes, where most STICs are detected, IGFBP2 immunoreactivity was detected in all 38 proliferatively active STICs but was undetectable in morphologically normal tubal epithelia, including those with TP53 mutations. In premenopausal fallopian tubes, IGFBP2 expression was limited to the secretory epithelium at the proliferative phase, and estradiol treatment increased IGFBP2 expression levels. IGFBP2 knockdown suppressed the growth of IGFBP2-expressing tubal epithelial cells via inactivation of the AKT pathway. Taken together, demethylation of the proximal enhancer of IGFBP2 drives tumor development by maintaining the increased IGFBP2 required for proliferation in an otherwise estrogen-deprived, proliferation-quiescent, and postmenopausal tubal microenvironment.

Significance:

Molecular studies of the earliest precursor lesions of ovarian cancer reveal a role of IGFBP2 in propelling tumor initiation, providing new insights into ovarian cancer development.
Three-Year Interval for the Multi-Target Stool DNA Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Imperiale Thomas F. , Lavin Philip T. , Marti Tara N. , Jakubowski Debbie , Itzkowitz Steven H. , May Folasade P. , Limburg Paul J. , Sweetser Seth , Daghestani Anas , Berger Barry M.
Published: October 2022

Data supporting the clinical utility of multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) at the guideline-recommended 3-year interval have not been reported.

Between April 2015 and July 2016, candidates for colorectal cancer screening whose providers prescribed the mt-sDNA test were enrolled. Participants with a positive baseline test were recommended for colonoscopy and completed the study. Those with a negative baseline test were followed annually for 3 years. In year 3, the mt-sDNA test was repeated and colonoscopy was recommended independent of results. Data were analyzed using the Predictive Summary Index (PSI), a measure of the gain in certainty for dichotomous diagnostic tests (where a positive value indicates a net gain), and by comparing observed versus expected colorectal cancers and advanced precancerous lesions.

Of 2,404 enrolled subjects, 2,044 (85%) had a valid baseline mt-sDNA result [284 (13.9%) positive and 1,760 (86.1%) negative]. Following participant attrition, the year 3 intention to screen cohort included 591 of 1,760 (33.6%) subjects with valid mt-sDNA and colonoscopy results, with no colorectal cancers and 63 advanced precancerous lesions [22 (34.9%) detected by mt-sDNA] and respective PSI values of 0% (P = 1) and 9.3% (P = 0.01). The observed 3-year colorectal cancer yield was lower than expected (one-sided P = 0.09), while that for advanced precancerous lesions was higher than expected (two-sided P = 0.009).

Repeat mt-sDNA screening at a 3-year interval resulted in a statistically significant gain in detection of advanced precancerous lesions. Due to absence of year 3 colorectal cancers, the PSI estimate for colorectal cancer was underpowered and could not be reliably quantified. Larger studies are required to assess the colorectal cancer study findings.

Prevention Relevance:

Understanding the 3-year yield of mt-sDNA for colorectal cancer and advanced precancerous polyps is required to ensure the clinical appropriateness of the 3-year interval and to optimize mt-sDNA's screening effectiveness.
Age-Related Association between Multimorbidity and Mortality in US Veterans with Incident Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Burrows Nilka Ríos , Koyama Alain K. , Choudhury Devasmita , Yu Wei , Pavkov Meda E. , Nee Robert , Cheung Alfred K. , Norris Keith C. , Yan Guofen
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Mortality is an important long-term indicator of the public health impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the role of individual comorbidities and multimorbidity on age-specific mortality risk among US veterans with new-onset CKD. Methods: The cohort included 892,005 veterans aged ≥18 years with incident CKD stage 3 between January 2004 and April 2018 in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system and followed until death, December 2018, or up to 10 years. Incident CKD was defined as the first-time estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for >3 months. Comorbidities were ascertained using inpatient and outpatient clinical records in the VHA system and Medicare claims. We estimated death rates for any cardiovascular disease (CVD, a composite of 6 CVD conditions) and 15 non-CVD comorbidities, and adjusted risks of death (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) overall and by age group at CKD incidence. Results: At CKD incidence, the mean age was 72 years, and 97% were male; the mean eGFR was 52 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 95% had ≥2 comorbidities (median, 4) in addition to CKD. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, among the 16 comorbidities, CVD was associated with the highest relative risk of death in younger veterans (HR 1.96 [95% CI: 1.61–2.37] in ages 18–44 years and HR 1.66 [1.63–1.70] in ages 45–64 years). Dementia was associated with the highest relative risk of death among older veterans (HR 1.71 [1.68–1.74] in ages 65–84 years and HR 1.69 [1.65–1.73] in ages 85–100 years). The additive effect of multimorbidity on risk of death was stronger in younger than older veterans. Compared to having 1 or no comorbidity at CKD onset, the risk of death with ≥5 comorbidities was >7-fold higher among veterans aged 18–44 years and >2-fold higher among veterans aged 85–100 years. Conclusion: The large burden of comorbidities in US veterans with newly identified CKD places them at the risk of premature death. Compared with older veterans, younger veterans with multiple comorbidities, particularly with CVD, at CKD onset are at an even higher relative risk of death.
Effects of Lifestyle and Educational Bridging Programs before Bariatric Surgery on Postoperative Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lau Teresa , Cook Jessica , Archid Rami , Stengel Andreas , Zipfel Stephan , Mack Isabelle
Published: October 2022

Objective: To fulfill the requirements for bariatric surgery, patients often need to participate in mandatory preoperative lifestyle interventions. Currently, the efficacy of multi-month preoperative lifestyle intervention programs on body mass index (BMI) reduction from the start of the program (T0) through the immediate preoperative time point (T1) to 1 year post-surgery (T2) and how the amount of preoperative BMI reduction affects postoperative outcome (T1 to T2) is unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effects of preoperative lifestyle interventions on BMI 1 year post-surgery. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Randomized controlled trials that implemented preoperative lifestyle interventions lasting 1–8 months before bariatric surgery were included. The BMI of the intervention group was compared with that of a control group before participation in the preoperative lifestyle interventions (T0), after completion of the program before surgery (T1), and 1 year post-surgery (T2). Finally, the impact of successful BMI reduction at T1 on BMI at T2 was analyzed. Results: N = 345 patients derived from 4 studies undergoing preoperative lifestyle interventions reduced their BMI at T1 by 1.5 units compared to the control group (95% CI: −2.73, −0.28). One year post-surgery, both groups had lost comparable BMI points. The influence of reduced BMI at T1 on weight status at T2 is unclear due to the lack of available studies. Other endpoints and subgroup analyses were rarely examined. Conclusions: Preoperative lifestyle interventions reduce BMI before bariatric surgery more effectively than usual care. These differences are not detectable 1 year post-surgery. Although a short-term energy reduction period before surgery is clearly important to minimize surgery risks, it is currently unclear whether, and if so, under what circumstances, participation in a preoperative lifestyle intervention is beneficial.
PPARγ and NOTCH Regulate Regional Identity in the Murine Cardiac Outflow Tract
Authors: Rammah Mayyasa , Théveniau-Ruissy Magali , Sturny Rachel , Rochais Francesca , Kelly Robert G.
Published: October 2022

Background:

The arterial pole of the heart is a hotspot for life-threatening forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Development of this cardiac region occurs by addition of Second Heart Field (SHF) progenitor cells to the embryonic outflow tract (OFT) and subsequently the base of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms driving arterial pole morphogenesis is essential to provide further insights into the cause of CHDs.

Methods:

A synergistic combination of bioinformatic analysis and mouse genetics as well as embryo and explant culture experiments were used to dissect the cross-regulatory transcriptional circuitry operating in future subaortic and subpulmonary OFT myocardium.

Results:

Here, we show that the lipid sensor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma) is expressed in future subpulmonary myocardium in the inferior wall of the OFT and that PPARγ signaling-related genes display regionalized OFT expression regulated by the transcription factor TBX1 (T-box transcription factor 1). Modulating PPARγ activity in ex vivo cultured embryos treated with a PPARγ agonist or antagonist or deleting
Pparγ
in cardiac progenitor cells using
Mesp1-Cre
reveals that
Pparγ
is required for addition of future subpulmonary myocardium and normal arterial pole development. Additionally, the non-canonical DLK1 (delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1)/NOTCH (Notch receptor 1)/HES1 (Hes family bHLH transcription factor 1) pathway negatively regulates
Ppar
γ in future subaortic myocardium in the superior OFT wall.

Conclusions:

Together these results identify
Pparγ
as a regulator of regional transcriptional identity in the developing heart, providing new insights into gene interactions involved in congenital heart defects.
Vascular Collagen Type-IV in Hypertension and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Kumar Apoorva A. , Yeo Natalie , Whittaker Max , Attra Priya , Barrick Thomas R. , Bridges Leslie R. , Dickson Dennis W. , Esiri Margaret M. , Farris Chad W. , Graham Delyth , Lin Wen Lang , Meijles Daniel N. , Pereira Anthony C. , Perry Gregory , Rosene Douglas L. , Shtaya Anan B. , Van Agtmael Tom , Zamboni Giovanna , Hainsworth Atticus H.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common in older people and causes lacunar stroke and vascular cognitive impairment. Risk factors include old age, hypertension and variants in the genes
COL4A1/COL4A2
encoding collagen alpha-1(IV) and alpha-2(IV), here termed collagen-IV, which are core components of the basement membrane. We tested the hypothesis that increased vascular collagen-IV associates with clinical hypertension and with SVD in older persons and with chronic hypertension in young and aged primates and genetically hypertensive rats.

Methods:

We quantified vascular collagen-IV immunolabeling in small arteries in a cohort of older persons with minimal Alzheimer pathology (N=52; 21F/31M, age 82.8±6.95 years). We also studied archive tissue from young (age range 6.2–8.3 years) and older (17.0–22.7 years) primates (
M mulatta
) and compared chronically hypertensive animals (18 months aortic stenosis) with normotensives. We also compared genetically hypertensive and normotensive rats (aged 10–12 months).

Results:

Collagen-IV immunolabeling in cerebral small arteries of older persons was negatively associated with radiological SVD severity (ρ: −0.427,
P
=0.005) but was not related to history of hypertension. General linear models confirmed the negative association of lower collagen-IV with radiological SVD (
P
<0.017), including age as a covariate and either clinical hypertension (
P
<0.030) or neuropathological SVD diagnosis (
P
<0.022) as fixed factors. Reduced vascular collagen-IV was accompanied by accumulation of fibrillar collagens (types I and III) as indicated by immunogold electron microscopy. In young and aged primates, brain collagen-IV was elevated in older normotensive relative to young normotensive animals (
P
=0.029) but was not associated with hypertension. Genetically hypertensive rats did not differ from normotensive rats in terms of arterial collagen-IV.

Conclusions:

Our cross-species data provide novel insight into sporadic SVD pathogenesis, supporting insufficient (rather than excessive) arterial collagen-IV in SVD, accompanied by matrix remodeling with elevated fibrillar collagen deposition. They also indicate that hypertension, a major risk factor for SVD, does not act by causing accumulation of brain vascular collagen-IV.
Research on Intelligent Organization and Application of Multi-source Heterogeneous Knowledge Resources for Energy Internet
Authors: Yuxuan Wang , Liqun Luo , Guangjian Li
Published: October 2022

To improve the informationization and intelligence of the energy Internet industry and enhance the capability of knowledge services, it is necessary to organize the energy Internet body of knowledge from existing knowledge resources of the State Grid, which have the characteristics of large scale, multiple sources, and heterogeneity. At the same time, the business fields of State Grid cover a wide range. There are many sub-fields under each business field, and the relationship between fields is diverse and complex. The key to establishing the energy Internet body of knowledge is how to fuse the heterogeneous knowledge resources from multiple sources, extract the knowledge contents from them, and organize the different relationships. This paper considers transforming the original knowledge resources of State Grid into a unified and well-organized knowledge system described in OWL language to meet the requirements of heterogeneous resource integration, multi-source resource organization, and knowledge service provision. For the State Grid knowledge resources mainly in XML format, this paper proposes a Knowledge Automatic Fusion and Organization idea and method based on XSD Directed Graph. According to the method, the XML corresponding XSD documents are transformed into a directed graph in the first stage during which the graph neural network detects hidden knowledge inside the structure to add semantic information to the graph.

In the second stage, for other structured knowledge resources (e.g., databases, spreadsheets), the knowledge contents and the relationships are analyzed manually to establish the mappings from structured resources to graph structures, using which the original knowledge resources are transformed into graph structures, and merged with the directed graphs obtained in the first stage to achieve the fusion of heterogeneous knowledge resources. And expert knowledge is introduced for heterogeneous knowledge fusion to further extend the directed graph. And in the third stage, the expanded directed graph is converted to the body of knowledge in the form of OWL. This paper takes the knowledge resources in the field of human resources of the State Grid as an example, to establish the ontology of the human resources training field in a unified manner, initially demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
More on (the Lack of) Reconstruction in English Tough-Constructions
Authors: Poole Ethan , Mendia Jon Ander , Keine Stefan
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This squib presents three new arguments that the matrix subject in English tough-constructions cannot reconstruct into the embedded gap. The first two arguments reexamine data in the literature purported to show such reconstruction. Upon closer scrutiny, we argue that these data in fact involve short reconstruction below a modal or generic operator in the matrix clause, and not genuine long reconstruction into the embedded gap. The third argument is that property positions, which independently require reconstruction, are unable to host tough-gaps. This ban on long reconstruction in English tough-constructions follows without further ado on a base-generation analysis.
The Truncated Oath of Innocence and the Adjudicatory Challenge to God: Three Examples (Job 31:5–6; Ps 44:21–22; Josh 22:23)
Authors: Holtz Shalom E.
Published: October 2022

Many previous interpretations of Job 31:5–6; Ps 44:21–22; and Josh 22:23 have mistaken these texts as simple conditionals or as fully-articulated oaths. These earlier readings misconstrue verbs of adjudicatory procedure as punishments serving as self-curses in oaths. Context and semantic content favor identifying truncated oaths of innocence followed by separate adjudicatory challenges to God.
The Armed Pashtun: The Smuggling of Small Firearms to the Frontier (1890-1914)
Authors: Giunchi Elisa
Published: October 2022

Afghanistan is the country in the world with the most SALW (small arms and light weapons). Contrary to what is usually assumed, the proliferation of modern firearms in the country did not start in the 1980s, but at the end of the 19th century, when Pashtun tribes acquired modern rifles and ammunition through a variety of means, mostly through smuggling. The paper investigates the illegal arms trade from the Gulf to the north-western Indian Frontier, an area of crucial importance for British imperial strategists and the Government of India, at a time of great power rivalry and a relative decline of Britain’s global influence.
Islam and the Nomadic Political Tradition in the 19th-Century Khanate of Khiva
Authors: Shioya Akifumi
Published: October 2022

This study analyses the Islamic authority and the nomadic political tradition in the 19th-century Khanate of Khiva. The Khivan Qongrat rulers relied on Islamic authority to justify their rule, owing to their non-Chinggisid lineage. The study also contrasts the devastation and prosperity brought about by the two ruling lineages, Chinggisid and Qongrat, as documented by the Khivan chroniclers. The study further explores the nomadic political tradition including the rituals of a Khan’s ascendance to the throne, the Qongrat Khans’ connection with the Kazakh Sultans of Junior Juz, and the royal charter within the Khorazm oasis. The khans as holy warriors against infidels, their coexistence with the Islamic saint Pahlavān Maḥmūd and their perception of the Ottoman sultan as the Caliph of the Sunni Muslim world and other mixed and multifaceted characteristics, reflective of the traditions of Central Eurasian rulers are also touched upon.
Boletellus brunoflavus sp. nov. (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) from Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou, China
Authors: LIN ZHI-JUN , HUANG XIAO-XIA , LIANG YING-SHAN , QIU LI-HONG
Published: October 2022

Boletellus brunoflavus sp. nov. collected from Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou, China, is described based on 5-locus (nrITS, nrLSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1-α) phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination. It is characterized by small to medium size basidiomata; dry, sparse tomentose and brownish yellow pilei with reddish brown tints; a golden to brownish yellow hymenophore; relatively small basidiospores with longitudinal striae only and pale yellowish context turning greenish blue immediately when bruised.
Lamprothamnium sardoum sp. nov. (Characeae, Streptophyta): A new species of Lamprothamnium for Europe
Authors: CASANOVA MICHELLE T. , BECKER RALF
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive charophyte surveys on the island of Sardinia, Italy revealed a novel species of Lamprothamnium occurring in a salt marsh in the vicinity of San Giovanni Sinis. Most of the discovery and description of charophyte species in Europe took place in the mid–late 1800s, so the discovery of a new species in the region is of note. The species is described and compared with the other species of Lamprothamnium known for the Mediterranean region of Europe and elsewhere. Lamprothamnium sardoum sp. nov. differs from all other species in having antheridia and oogonia clustered internal and external to the axial nodes and on the branchlets, and in the relative absence of sterile whorls, the length and width of its bract cells and decumbent stipulodes, and the persistence of the protonema on mature plants. In addition, data on hydrochemistry and accompanying flora of the Sardinian site of L. sardoum are presented together with proposals for management and conservation.
6. The Official Translation and Ideological Vocabulary of the State
Authors: Lukman Fadhli
Published: October 2022

Chapter Six attempts to understand the way in which the committee behind QT comes to decisions on verses bound up with ideological problems and how tafsīr might work with it. It considers five specific cases: the the words aḥad–wāḥid that are related to God, the translation of khalīfa, awliyāʾ in Q 5:51, akābir mujrimīha in Q 6:123, and ūlu al-amr in Q 4:59 and 83. This chapter, again, shows that QT essentially relies on the tafsīr tradition, which relatively limits the politicization of the translation. It is not to say that this translation is completely free of any political and ideological interest. However, even in those cases where the politicization of the translation is identified, the committee seeks solutions through existing Qur’an commentaries.
The health care cost of comorbidity in individuals with mental disorders: A Danish register-based study
Authors: Christensen Maria K , McGrath John J , Momen Natalie , Weye Nanna , Agerbo Esben , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Iburg Kim M
Published: October 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study was to estimate the annual health care cost by number of comorbid mental and somatic disorders in persons with a mental disorder.

Methods:

All persons living in Denmark between 2004 and 2017 with a hospital diagnosis of a mental disorder were identified. We investigated the cost of different health care services: psychiatric hospitals, somatic hospitals, primary health care (e.g. general practitioners, psychologists and so on) and subsidised prescriptions. Within those with at least one mental disorder, we examined the costs for people with (a) counts of different types of mental disorders (e.g. exactly 1, exactly 2 and so on up to 8 or more) and (b) counts of different types of somatic disorders (e.g. no somatic disorders, exactly 1, exactly 2 and so on up to 15 or more). The estimates are reported in average cost per case and nationwide annual cost in Euro 2017.

Results:

In total, 447,209 persons (238,659 females and 208,550 males) were diagnosed with at least one mental disorder in the study period. The average annual health care cost per case and nationwide cost was 4471 Euros and 786 million Euro, respectively, for persons with exactly one mental disorder, and 33,273 Euro and 3.6 million Euro for persons with eight or more mental disorders. The annual health care cost was 4613 Euro per case and 386 million Euro for persons without any somatic disorders, while the cost per case was 16,344 Euro and 0.7 million Euro in nationwide cost for persons with 15 or more disorders. The amount and proportion of the different health care costs varied by type of comorbidity and count of disorders.

Conclusions:

The annual health care cost per case was higher with increasing number of comorbid mental and somatic disorders, while the nationwide annual health care cost was lower with increasing number of comorbid disorders for persons with a mental disorder in Denmark.