bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El juego como metáfora organizacional según mandos medios de empresas
Authors: Preziosa María Marta
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo está basado en una investigación empírica y ofrece un mapa de cinco metáforas conceptuales que representan la forma en que aproximadamente 300 mandos medios de empresas perciben su inserción en la trama intersubjetiva organizacional. El mapa está conformado sobre la base de registros etnográficos verbales y visuales obtenidos entre 2007 y 2022 en maestrías en Administración de Empresas que se dictan en universidades de Buenos Aires y Montevideo. El juego es una de las metáforas principales que representan la relación de los mandos medios con la empresa en la que trabajan. No obstante, su popularidad, el futbol no es el juego elegido para simbolizarla.
Características del proceso de transformación actual: digitalización, acumulación y desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas en el ¿postneoliberalismo?
Authors: Musacchio Andrés
Published: April 2023

Uno de los temas que más desvela a la economía heterodoxa es la periodización del capitalismo. Si la existencia de etapas es un elemento poco controvertido, cómo caracterizarlas es una cuestión mucho menos estándar, pues involucra una profunda discusión metodológica: cuales son los elementos centrales de un modelo de desarrollo. La pregunta cobra relevancia en el contexto actual, cuando algunos comienzan a preguntarse si de la crisis del neoliberalismo comienzan a insinuarse algunas transiciones hacia un nuevo modelo. En especial la revolución tecnológica que comienza a gestarse con la digitalización perfila cambios drásticos e interrogantes profundos sobre la sociedad capitalista. Este trabajo se propone bucear de manera introductoria sobre los terrenos en los que tales transformaciones se insinúan como mayores, para concentrarse en algunas reflexiones sobre el mundo del trabajo, la organización de los procesos de producción y la estructura de las relaciones internacionales. La lupa que se intenta utilizar apunta a preguntarse si en ese proceso aparecen nuevas contratendencias a la caída de las tasas de ganancia, hasta donde ellas se apartan, profundizan o solo continúan con las contratendencias sobre las que se construyó el modelo neoliberal.
En última instancia -y ese es el planteo de fondo de este artículo-, la piedra fundamental de un modelo de desarrollo es el conjunto de formas específicas en las que se extrae el plusvalor, a partir de las cuales se recompone el proceso de acumulación de capital.
La justificación de la valorización financiera. Las explicaciones de Martínez de Hoz a la reforma financiera, el endeudamiento y las crisis, 1976-1981
Authors: Zícari Julián
Published: April 2023

El trabajo busca analizar la justificación de la instauración del modelo de valorización financiera realizado en Argentina según las explicaciones de Martínez de Hoz. Para llevar adelante este objetivo el artículo se divide en tres partes. Una primera dedicada a analizar las motivaciones, el funcionamiento y los problemas de la reforma financiera de junio de 1977. Una segunda, en la que se hace lo propio con respecto a las políticas de endeudamiento. Mientras que la tercera, lo hace con vistas a las crisis ocurridas durante el tramo final de la gestión. Finalmente, el trabajo cierra con algunas conclusiones al respecto.
Trayectorias regionales en la cadena global automotriz. ¿Heterogeneidad u homogeneidad?
Authors: Pérez Ibáñez Javier
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar las tendencias hacia la regionalización desplegadas por la industria automotriz a nivel global a partir de datos de comercio (Comtrade) y producción (OICA) entre los años 2001 y 2018. Para esto, en el primer apartado, se revistó la bibliografía existente sobre la cadena global de valor del sector automotor y luego, en el segundo, se analizó el desempeño de las cadenas entre 2001 y 2018 en torno a cuatro variables: producción de automóviles, nivel de regionalización, comercio exterior y desempeños comerciales. La interacción entre estas cuatro variables permitirá comparar los recorridos que cada región del mundo desplegó al interior de la cadena global en los primeros 18 años del siglo XXI. Como resultado se arribó a la conclusión de que, si bien la regionalización de la cadena fue un proceso de creciente relevancia a partir de 2001, no todas las regiones siguieron los mismos patrones de especialización.
La integración sudamericana entre el proyecto regional de Brasil y la inserción en el mercado mundial. Una mirada desde la IIRSA
Authors: Clemente Darío
Published: April 2023

Entre 2003 y 2016, Sudamérica atravesó un ciclo de integración con cambios profundos respecto a la etapa de regionalismo abierto de la década de 1990. Este ciclo fue definido por dos dinámicas centrales: el desarrollo del proyecto regional de Brasil para Sudamérica y la evolución de una modalidad especifica 333de inserción de la región en la economía global. En el cruce entre una lógica geopolítica y una lógica geoeconómica, la Iniciativa para la Integración de la Infraestructura Regional Suramericana (IIRSA) emerge como un proceso de integración clave a la hora de analizar la fase reciente en Sudamérica. A través de la reconstrucción del origen y despliegue de la iniciativa, este trabajo  muestra cómo la IIRSA fomentó un esquema de integración orientado a favorecer el aumento de las exportaciones sudamericanas hacia el continente asiático por medio de la consolidación de ejes de desarrollo, y a estructurar cadenas productivas regionales alrededor del mercado brasileño. También se analiza la función de la IIRSA en la internacionalización de las constructoras brasileñas y el alto impacto socioambiental de las obras que la componen, que ha llevado al silenciamiento y despolitización de la iniciativa por parte de los gobiernos de la región. Vinculando el futuro incierto de la IIRSA con el debilitamiento del liderazgo de Brasil, por un lado, y con el cambio de coyuntura internacional a partir de 2016, por el otro, cabe preguntar si la emergencia de nuevos actores extrarregionales en el financiamiento de la iniciativa y su adaptación a las nuevas modalidades de inserción subordinada de Sudamérica en el mercado global pueden favorecer un viraje en el proceso de integración regional hacia un esquema renovado de interconexión simple dictado por la dependencia de las relaciones comerciales con viejos y nuevos mercados compradores.
Auge y declive del regionalismo latinoamericano en la primera marea rosa: lecciones para el presente
Authors: Nolte Detlef
Published: April 2023

El regionalismo latinoamericano está en una fase de reconfiguración causada por su carácter intergubernamental e interpresidencial. Con los cambios de gobierno en México y Argentina en 2018 y 2019 se ha desatado una nueva dinámica. Resucitó CELAC, se debilitó Prosur, desapareció el Grupo de Lima, y la OEA perdió protagonismo. La coyuntura política actual abre nuevas perspectivas para la cooperación regional y la revitalización de las organizaciones y foros regionales. Pero tras un auge durante la marea rosa, como se denominó entonces la elección de varios presidentes con una orientación de izquierda en la primera década del siglo XXI y al principio de la segunda década, se produjo el declive de las organizaciones y foros regionales. UNASUR se desintegró y CELAC se paralizó. El artículo hace una reevaluación del ciclo dinámico del regionalismo durante la marea rosa y pregunta qué lecciones se pueden aprender del posterior declive de las organizaciones y foros regionales para la nueva etapa del regionalismo en América Latina.
Transformaciones socio-técnicas del capitalismo y focos de emergencia de la forma-emprendimiento. Una mirada del presente en perspectiva histórica
Authors: Presta Susana
Published: April 2023

Este artículo se centra en establecer diversos puntos de emergencia de la forma-emprendimiento que se inscriben en condiciones históricas que posibilitaron transformaciones sociotécnicas del capitalismo y la compleja relación entre neoliberalismo y capitalismo. Se trata de momentos históricos en los cuales convergen la conflictividad social y la crisis de los procesos de reproducción ampliada del capital, así como un ajuste en las articulaciones entre tácticas y estrategias orientadas al gobierno de la fuerza de trabajo. Por consiguiente, en la conjunción de las dimensiones de la superficie de emergencia histórica de lo que aquí se denomina forma-emprendimiento, se delinean paulatinamente formas de gobierno no solo sobre la fuerza de trabajo asalariada sino sobre aquellos individuos y sectores de la población no han podido o no podrán acceder a una relación salarial tradicional.
En este sentido, el artículo analiza distintas series de documentos de las décadas de 1950 y 1960, documentos de la escuela austríaca y de la economía social de mercado, y documentos de organismos internacionales sobre América Latina y el Caribe. Este análisis se propone dar cuenta de la construcción de un sujeto emprendedor como efecto de una economía de la desigualdad que opera sobre un ordenamiento y reincorporación en el mercado de las poblaciones desplazadas.
Índice de evaluación del conocimiento en educación financiera
Authors: Abril Teatin Jheisson A. , Saavedra Najar Rodrigo , Blanco Mesa Fabio , Muñoz Romero Jorge
Published: April 2023

El presente documento tiene como objetivo principal, el desarrollar un índice de evaluación del conocimiento en educación financiera (EF), el cual permite evaluar el nivel de conocimiento en EF de una determinada población. Se realiza un acercamiento descriptivo para identificar el estado actual de conocimiento financiero. La población de estudio son las personas mayores de 18 años residentes en los departamentos de Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Meta, Tolima y la ciudad de Bogotá mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Los resultados muestran que el conocimiento sobre EF de las personas es pasaderamente admisible, la mayoría ignoran los términos básicos y desconocen las principales dinámicas de uso sobre los servicios y productos financieros. Estos hallazgos advierten que los niveles de EF son pequeños, debido a que el comportamiento financiero no es minucioso y no se toman las mejores decisiones sobre finanzas personales. Así, se enfatiza en la importancia para que la implementación de la EF sea consolidada he efectuada en todo el territorio nacional en los diferentes niveles e instituciones de formación. Esto genera que las personas manejen adecuadamente sus recursos financieros, controlando los gastos, considerando mejor las opciones de créditos, procurando el ahorro. Finalmente, se hace necesario que la EF permita que las personas desarrollen confianza en los productos y servicios financieros del mercado.
Empleo de videos y actividades gamificadas para el apoyo a la clase invertida en el ámbito universitario en contabilidad de costes y gestión
Authors: Araújo Pinzón Pedro , Biedma López Estíbaliz , Vélez Elorza María L.
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo examina el impacto en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios de una serie de iniciativas de mejora docente desarrolladas en cuatro asignaturas de tercer curso de contabilidad de costes y de gestión. Los resultados de las mismas muestran que el empleo de videos de acceso libre en internet es un recurso efectivo para que los estudiantes conozcan procesos productivos empresariales reales y adquieran competencias necesarias para el diseño y comprensión de los sistemas de cálculo de costes; estos videos se pueden combinar con juegos serios, lo que favorece el desarrollo de dichas competencias. Asimismo, las experiencias llevadas a cabo ofrecen evidencia de la utilidad de los videos y la gamificación como elementos dinamizadores de las clases de teoría, siendo herramientas mediante las que apoyar la clase invertida en este tipo de asignaturas, favoreciendo el aprendizaje autónomo y reflexivo del alumnado.
Información para la sostenibilidad y rating no financiero
Authors: Guillem Marti , Amado Manuel , Marti Pidelaserra Jordi
Published: April 2023

Desde que se inició la cumbre de Río en 1992 la información no financiera ha ido ocupando más y más espacio. Primero en forma de Memorias de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, después en forma de Informes de Gestión o también en formato de Informes Integrados.
Las organizaciones precisan trabajos muy profesionales de consultoría para poder publicar esas informaciones. Pero también precisan de un trabajo de verificación.
Esto conlleva que una serie de verificadores o de auditores externos se especialicen en la contrastación, en la comprobación de que la información suministrada es rigurosa y adecuada.
Es necesario que la información que se publique sea comparable en el espacio y en el tiempo. También es preciso que la información no financiera pueda compararse ejercicio a ejercicio.
En este entorno muchas empresas van haciendo grandes esfuerzos para informar de los aspectos ESG pero no están convencidas de que esta actividad les garantice que están siguiendo el buen camino.
Los responsables de tomar decisiones en las empresas querrían contrastar que las políticas, estrategias y tácticas que van adoptando son las que los llevarán a alcanzar los objetivos esperados.
Resulta imprescindible que el trabajo de elaboración y de verificación de la información no financiera se vea complementado con una "evaluación" externa, con un "rating".
Es necesario que aparezcan "ratings" no financieros.
En este trabajo se presenta una metodología de rating que permite a las empresas de cualquier volumen de actividad encontrar una referencia de comparación.
La evolución del discurso sobre sostenibilidad. Un análisis lingüístico de afinidad
Authors: García Orozco Dalia , Espitia Moreno Irma Cristina , Alfaro García Víctor G. , Boria Reverter Sefa
Published: April 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal explorar las relaciones entre los textos sobre sostenibilidad a través del tiempo, haciendo visibles los discursos, sus puntos de origen y el grado de afinidad existente entre las prácticas discursivas específicas sobre la sostenibilidad, mediante la agrupación de la literatura como son documentos y tratados en el marco de la sostenibilidad. El método utilizado para extraer los grupos más afines es el Algoritmo de Pichat y la distancia relativa de Hamming. Los resultados obtenidos muestran 10 grupos de documentos afines por temáticas sobre sostenibilidad, los cuales no necesariamente siguen un patrón consecutivo en el tiempo, su agrupación se inclina a los ejes centrales o perspectivas sobre la sostenibilidad.
Balance Ambiental
Authors: Del Campo María Cristina , Flores Lourdes Carolina , Carbonell Inés
Published: April 2023

En este trabajo, se presenta un avance del proyecto de investigación sobre cuentas ambientales y contabilidad ambiental aplicables a una reserva natural pública- privada, en el que se incluyen aspectos básicos del Balance Ambiental -e incluso del inventario ambiental en el que se sustenta- como consideraciones estructurantes que permitan ir fundando los lineamientos base de la herramienta de base informativa y utilidad para la toma de decisiones. Se espera lograr aportar en la construcción de normas contables específicas de contabilidad ambiental, así como señalar algunas de las carencias detectadas que la herramienta presenta hasta el momento e incluso las dificultades que se evidenciaron en la simulación de implementación.
The Potential of Dye Synthesize Solar Cells for Mitigation Of Carbon (Iv) Oxide Emissions
Authors: Salisu I. Kunya  , Abdu Yunusa , Kamarulzaki Mustafa Mohd , Ahmad Mohd Khairul
Published: April 2023

World is experiencing rapid commercial growth and urbanization. Carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere is increasing. As a result, a more effective energy policy is required.   As a matter of fact, sustainable environmental quality has been identified as a critical component of long-term economic development success. Many studies have found that lower CO2 emissions are an indicator of improved environmental quality. In the future, low-cost photoelectric technologies with superior sun-to-energy power conversion efficiency, extended lifetime, and low toxicity may replace conventional silicon-based solar panels and provide effective global illumination. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on the zinc oxide nanorods are capable of all the aforementioned features. Zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are important for dye synthesis solar cells, and it is a leading semiconductor that researchers are interested in. The primary objective/purpose of this resarch is to highlight impact of carbon (IV) oxide and the potential of DSSC for reducing CO2 discharges into the atmosphere. Method of ZnO NRs deposition on seed layer coated FTO Glass by Hydrothermal method was also expounded. The morphology of nanorods is presented, based on the available literature it concludes that the production of efficient DSSCs can reduce reliance on fossil fuels, which are the agent of ozone depletion layer due to green gas emissions.
ELECTROMAGNETIC CORRECTION IN THE MUON DECAY
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Nhu Xuan , Vu Toan Thang ,   Ngo Quyen University, Binh Duong, Vietnam
Published: April 2023

The influence of electromagnetic interaction in one photon approximation was applied to study the muon decay in electroweak interaction. The divergences that ariose in this process were infrared ones in the low energy region. The divergent treatment was carried out with two methods: the minimum mass method and the dimensional regularization method. As a result, an electromagnetic correction was calculated for the muon electroweak decay rate. The results that we received confirm that the Fermi theory of weak interaction is a non-renormalizable theory.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF rGO/NiCo2S4 NANOCOMPOSITE FOR SUPERCAPACITOR APPLICATION
Authors:   Faculty of Physics and Chemical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam, To Van Nguyen
Published: April 2023

In this study, rGO/NiCo2S4 composite materials were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The properties of obtained materials were systematically characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, and Raman techniques. The electrochemical performance of the materials was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements. The results show that the supercapacitor fabricated using rGO/NiCo2O4 could store energy using both double-layer and pseudocapacitor mechanisms with outstanding electrochemical properties. The specific capacity was up to over 2000 F/g at scanning speed of 10 mV/s or 1200 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, which is 200-250% higher than the specific capacity of NiCo2S4 materials. This result demonstrates that rGO/NiCo2S4 material is a potential electrode material for supercapacitor applications.
EPOXY RESIN, VINYL COPOLYMER, AND RICE HUSK SILICA BASED TERNARY NANOCOMPOSITES: FABRICATION, MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND THERMAL AGING
Authors:   Faculty of Physics and Chemical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Vu Manh Cuong
Published: April 2023

In this research, the bio-composites based on epoxy resin filled with nano-silica and vinyl copolymer were fabricated using diethylene triamine as a curing agent and casting method. The vinyl copolymer was synthesized from Hydroxyethyl Acrylate and Methacrylic acid using ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The bio-silica was extracted from rice husk via a simple technique of acid treatment and calcination. The chemical structure of poly(HEA-Co-MAA), silica was confirmed with help of the FTIR, and NMR-1H. The high-speed mechanical stirrer was used to obtain the good dispersion of silica and poly(HEA-Co-MAA) in epoxy resin before mixing and curing with Diethylenetriamine (DETA) hardener. The thermal stability of cured epoxy resin was enhanced with the presence of rice husk silica and poly(HEA-Co-MAA). The composite sample with 1 wt.% of bio-silica and 3 wt.% of poly(HEA-Co-MAA) showed the best mechanical properties with an improvement of up to 28.82%; and 35.36% of impact strength and tensile strength, respectively when compared with a pristine sample. The aging testing was also performed to investigate the effect of additive added on the thermal resistance of epoxy resin.
L'inquadramento giuridico dei dati personali ceduti per la fruizione dei servizi digitali | The legal framework of personal data transferred for the use of digital services
Authors: Di Cerbo Antonella
Published: April 2023

Il contributo analizza le riflessioni dottrinali che hanno preceduto il riconoscimento della commerciabilità dei dati personali, con specifico riferimento all’individuazione della base giuridica del trattamento dei dati forniti quale controprestazione non monetaria. In particolare, nel lavoro vengono indicate le ragioni per cui è escluso che l’esecuzione di un contratto possa rappresentare una valida legal basis per legittimare il trattamento dei dati personali in oggetto, individuando nel consenso la condizione di liceità più idonea. Le conclusioni tentano di far ordine tra le norme e gli orientamenti giurisprudenziali analizzati, riepilogando le deduzioni più significative a cui si è giunti.
Sostenibilità e tutela del consumatore-acquirente contro l’obsolescenza programmata di beni mobili
Authors: Maniaci Arturo
Published: April 2023

L’obsolescenza programmata è una pratica attuata dalle imprese per rendere deliberatamente un prodotto inutilizzabile dopo un certo periodo di tempo o per renderlo comunque obsoleto, al fine di incrementare le vendite attraverso la necessità di sostituzioni premature del prodotto. Questo fenomeno ha un impatto negativo sulla sostenibilità, perché determina uno spreco di risorse, inquina l’ambiente e aumenta il consumo di materie prime da utilizzare nei nuovi processi produttivi. Il saggio si propone di analizzare il problema giuridico dell’obsolescenza programmata nel contesto delle vendite consumeristiche, alla luce dell’attuale quadro normativo in materia. Con particolare riguardo alla sostenibilità, il saggio si propone di illustrare questioni e proposte di soluzione, in una prospettiva sia de iure condito sia de iure condendo.
The Mechanism of Smart Contract Conclusion in the Italy’s and Iran’s Legal System
Authors: Marino Roberta , Ksshani Seyed Milad Mahmood
Published: April 2023

The conclusion of smart contracts is placed on the blockchain platform due to the special features of this platform, including the two features of transparency and decriminalization. After being completed on the blockchain network, these contracts' transparency feature enables the public to observe and offer them. In this case, all the people who have access to this platform have the possibility of knowing what was transferred by whom to whom, and this not only prevents the occurrence of many related lawsuits but also many crimes related to property.
Hak Politik Kelompok Minoritas
Authors: Ramadhani Ilham , Fitriyani Yuliawati , Randi Muchariman
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hak politik yang terjadi pada kelompok masyarakat minoritas Protestan selama pemilu 2019 berlangsung di Kecamatan Cihideung, Kota Tasikmalaya, dengan mayoritas penduduk beragama Islam, maka sangat menarik untuk membahas hak politik dari minoritas agama lainnya, salah satunya umat Protestan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Hak Politik yang diambil dari produk hukum, seperti Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM, naskah Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia, dan naskah Kovenan Internasional Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik sebagai landasan dalam mempertajam teori dan penguatan hak politik kelompok masyarakat Protestan. Penelitian ini juga memakai metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitiannya studi kasus. Teknik pengambilan informan memakai purposive sampling, serta teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini memakai teknik wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Lalu, dalam validitas data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber data. Hasil penelitian ini ialah perwujudan hak politik pada kelompok masyarakat Protestan saat pemilu 2019, dalam realitanya terdapat dinamika saat pelaksanaannya. Kekurangan dari penyelenggaraan hak politik itu juga dapat memengaruhi HAM dan Demokrasi di lingkungan masyarakat Protestan di Kecamatan Cihideung Kota Tasikmalaya. Lalu, proses Politik Minoritas terhadap masyarakat Protestan yang masih kurang dalam pengimplementasiannya pun menjadikan hak politik masyarakat Protestan masih belum optimal.
ANALISIS FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL KEPATUHAN MASYARAKAT MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN
Authors: Allyreza Rahmawati , Syahidah Mumtaz , Ipah Ema Jumiati
Published: April 2023

Land and Building Tax is a type of tax where the value is relatively smaller than other types of taxes. PBB object is land and buildings. Even though the object is related to land and building ownership in the community, the community's compliance to pay for it is still low. This study aims to find out what causes low public compliance from internal and external faktors. Internal faktors are related to the condition and self of the community (WP) while external faktors are related to regulations, tax administration and sanctions. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, using in-depth interview data collection techniques. Analysis of the research data used the Triangulation method according to Miles and Huberman with research informants consisting of village officials in Padarincang District, the community as taxpayers, PBB P2 tax collectors and the head of the tax revenue section of the Serang District Regional Office of Revenue. The results of the study show that internal faktors have a dominant influence where the faktor is the lack of understanding of the public in paying taxes due to economic faktors, and external faktors come from weak administration of the tax system related to the uncertainty of the schedule and time for the distribution of SPPT PBB-P2 and the fines for PBB P2 taxes which are assessed low so as not to give a deterrent effect on society. Therefore, innovation is needed in the form of a socialization method that is more interactive and easily understood by the public so that there is an increased understanding of the obligation to pay land and building tax in rural and urban areas.
INSTITUSIONALISASI DAN KETAHANAN PARTAI DALAM DEMOKRASI ELEKTORAL INDONESIA:
Authors: Leo Agustino , Mona Sylviana , Jonah Silas
Published: April 2023

Demokrasi politik di Indonesia pada era reformasi memberikan gambaran berbeda dengan era sebelumnya. Artikel ini membahas dan menganalisis mengenai institusionalisasi dan ketahanan partai pada demokrasi elektoral Indonesia era reformasi. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kombinasi melalui pendekatan kualitatif antara lain library research dan metode survei untuk mendapatkan informasi yang diharapkan. Survei dilakukan di seluruh Indonesia terhadap 1.200 responden, margin of error + 2,9%, dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Temuan artikel ini menunjukkan tiga hal. Pertama, pada era reformasi, partai-partai mengalami goncangan karena berubahnya rezim demokrasi dari demokrasi terkontrol dan represif menjadi demokrasi liberal yang mengedepankan fungsi elektoral. Kedua, tuntutan tentang pentingnya institusionalisasi partai politik sebagai bagian dari konsolidasi demokrasi bagi peningkatan kualitas demokrasi yang dicirikan dengan menguatnya identitas parta-partai politik. Ketiga, menguatnya peran kepemimpinan partai politik sebagai suluh bagi ketahanan partai politik di dalam menghadapi demokrasi elektoral dan disisi lain tetap mempertahankan ciri ideologis dan kultur partai. Relevansi artikel ini bagi literatur akademik adalah pentingnya ketahanan partai ke depan yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan partai di dalam melakukan institusionalisasi demokrasi di dalam partai itu sendiri guna menjawab tantangan demokrasi elektoral di Indonesia.
Preoperative Dexamethasone and β2 Agonist Administration to Children with Airway Foreign Bodies: Effects on Intraoperative Respiratory Complications
Authors: Ates Ufuk , Ergun Ergun , Bahadir Kutay , Selvi Can Ozlem , Gurbanov Anar , Ozbicer Coskun , Cakmak Murat , Bingol-Kologlu Meltem , Gollu Gulnur
Published: April 2023

Background: One of the most challenging operations in children for anesthesiologists and surgeons is foreign body aspiration. Bronchospasm and desaturation may lead to bradycardia and even death. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative dexamethasone and β2 agonist (salbutamol) administration on children who had foreign body aspiration during the rigid bronchoscopy on these undesired complications. Methods: Children were divided into two groups via random numbers table, independent of their clinical conditions. β2 agonist (salbutamol) (2.5 mg < 20 kg, 5 mg > 20 kg) and dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) were administrated to group 1, 30 minutes before the operation. The same agents were administrated to group 2 during anesthesia induction. The occurrence of bronchospasm, desaturation, and bradycardia was evaluated. Results: There were 27 children in each group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups’ time periods between the onset of the symptoms and procedure (P > 0.05). The two groups were similar in clinical aspects. Clinically, periods of spasm and desaturation were shorter, and patients recovered faster in group 1, but the bronchospasm numbers, desaturation, and bradycardia periods were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The results seem statistically similar. Since the periods of spasm and desaturation were shorter, and patients recovered faster in patients with preoperative administration of β2 agonists (salbutamol) and dexamethasone, we may suggest that a larger data set in future studies may lead to more significant results and a better conclusion.
School Health Policies in the World: A Scoping Review
Authors: Asadi Zahra , Ahmadi Teymourlouy Ahmad , Aghaei Asgar
Published: April 2023

Context: School health refers to a set of measures implemented to diagnose, provide, and improve the physical, mental, social, and spiritual health of students and those staff who are in some way in contact with students. In this regard, various school health policies and programs are developed, each presenting a different aspect of school health. Therefore, the present study aims to review the scope of existing school health policies worldwide. Evidence Acquisition: This scoping review study was conducted in 2022 following the PRISMA-ScR reporting guideline. In this regard, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases were searched from 2000 to 2022 for English documents using the keywords of policy, program, and school health. Finally, the related data were extracted by two reviewers independently and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Based on the initial search, 16,439 records were retrieved, and 24 articles were eligible to be included in the study. Most of these studies were conducted in 2014, 2018, and 2020; three were conducted in 2021. Eleven studies employed the literature review method, nine were conducted in the United States, and 18 focused on presenting a comprehensive school health policy in all aspects. The most important aspects of school health policy include school nutrition policies, school environmental health, school, home, and community cooperation, comprehensive health education, provision of health services in school, physical activity, counseling, social and psychological services, and promoting the health of the working environment of school employees. Most of these articles had good quality. Conclusions: This review shows that the number of school health policies is low globally, and each country must prepare a comprehensive school health policy regarding their economic, social, cultural, environmental, and political conditions.
TaqMan Multiplex Real-time PCR Assay for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Diagnosis Using Armored RNA Technology
Authors: Jamehdor Saleh , Hosseinirouzbahani Negin , Hoseinishokoh Seyed javad , Ghorban Khodayar , Teimoori Ali , Gholami Mohammad , Agahi Parisa , Azizi Ghazale , Mohammadimehr Mojgan
Published: April 2023

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly lethal virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and is endemic in many countries, including Iran. Therefore, fast, accurate, and reliable diagnosis is crucial for patient management and outbreak control. Objectives: This study aims to optimize a TaqMan multiplex real-time RT-PCR for the rapid and specific diagnosis of CCHFV. Methods: In this study, the L (NC_005301.3) and S (NC_005302.1) fragments were used as reference sequences for blast analysis. The L and S sequence segments of CCHFV with more than 90% identity from different areas were downloaded from the Genbank database. Primers and probes were designed based on the best-conserved regions of CCHFV L and S sequence segments. To construct the plasmid, a 1751 bp fragment from the MS2 phage that was previously amplified using cloning primers was inserted into the pET-32a plasmid. The S and L segments of the CCHFV, which were 110 bp and 135 bp, respectively, were inserted downstream of the MS2 phage sequence from HindIII to NotI. The Viral-like particles (VLPs) were produced in Escherichia coli, strain BL-21(DE3), in the presence of 1 mM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The stability of VLP particles was confirmed in the presence of the ribonuclease enzyme. The fabrication of VLPs was approved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with negative staining (1% phosphotungstic acid). To validate the specificity of the primers and probes sequences, we compared them to the NCBI database and tested them experimentally using extracted DNA and RNA samples from healthy subjects and an infectious panel. Results: The VLPs showed complete resistance in the presence of the ribonuclease enzyme, and the TEM results confirmed that the VLPs were correctly produced. The TaqMan multiplex real-time RT-PCR confirmed that the primers and probes were designed correctly and were completely specific to the CCHFV. The limit of detection (LOD) of the multiplex assay for the L and S genes was one copy of the VLPs per µL. Conclusions: This TaqMan assay is reliable for amplifying CCHFV due to its design on conserved regions of the CCHFV sequences, which have minimal variability and high specificity.
Super-High Magnification Dermoscopy Can Help for the Diagnosis of Lentigo Maligna: a Pilot Study on 61 Cases
Authors: Cinotti Elisa , Cartocci Alessandra , Liso Flavio Giulio , Cioppa Vittoria , Falcinelli Francesca , Tognetti Linda , Rubegni Pietro , Perrot Jean Luc
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Facial lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) is a significant diagnostic clinical challenge and dermoscopy can help its diagnosis.
Objectives: The following study aimed to evaluate if super-high magnification dermoscopy at 400x can add further details for the diagnosis of the LM/LMM.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational, multicentric study enrolling patients who received a 20x and 400x (D400) magnification dermoscopic examination of facial skin lesions in clinical differential diagnosis with LM/LMM. Dermoscopic images were retrospectively evaluated by four observers for the presence/absence of nine 20x and ten 400x dermoscopic features. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to find predictors of LM/LMM.
Results: We enrolled 61 patients with a single atypical skin lesion of the face, including 23 LMs and 3 LMMs. The presence of roundish and/or dendritic melanocytes (P < 0.001), irregular arrangement of melanocytes (P <0.001), irregular in shape and size melanocytes (P = 0.002), and folliculotropism of melanocytes (P <0.001) at D400 were more frequent in LM/LMM than other facial lesions. According to the multivariate analysis, roundish melanocytes at 400x dermoscopy were more indicative of LM/LMM (Odds Ratio-OR 49.25, 95% CI 8.75-513.2, P < 0.001), and sharply demarcated borders at 20x dermoscopy were more indicative of not-LM/LMM (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01-0.79, P = 0.038).
Conclusions: D400 can identify atypical melanocyte proliferation and folliculotropism that can help to identify LM/LMM together with conventional dermoscopy data. Our preliminary observations should be confirmed by larger studies.
Videodermoscopy in the Assessment of Patients with Ocular Demodicosis
Authors: Sławińska Martyna , Jaworska Karolina , Wyszomirski Adam , Rychlik Katarzyna , Nowicki Roman J. , Sobjanek Michał
Published: April 2023

Introduction: There is growing evidence of the potential uses of dermoscopy in diagnostics of demodicosis. No previous studies have analyzed dermoscopic features in patients with ocular demodicosis.
Objectives: To evaluate the potential usefulness of videodermoscopy in diagnostics of ocular demodicosis.
Methods: It was a single-center prospective observational study in which results of videodermoscopic examination of the eyelids were compared to the results of classic microscopic examination in patients with suspected ocular demodicosis and healthy volunteers.
Results: Study group included 16 women and 15 men. In fifteen (48.4%) patients, microbiological examination of epilated eyelashes was positive. The results of forms filled by the patients concerning known subjective clinical symptoms of ocular demodicosis revealed no significant differences between the group with positive and negative results of microscopic examination. The presence of Demodex tails and madarosis observed during dermoscopic assessment correlated positively with positive results of microscopic examination. At least one Demodex tail was found in 86.7% (13/15) cases with positive results of microscopic examination. In the two remaining cases microscopic evaluation showed the presence of Demodex brevis. In 37.5% (6/16) of patients with negative results of microscopic examination, videodermoscopy showed the presence of Demodex tails.
Conclusions: Videodermoscopy may facilitate the diagnostics of ocular demodicosis. Patients reporting clinical symptoms suggesting ocular demodicosis but negative results of videodermoscopic examination should be referred to classical microscopic examination to exclude the presence of Demodex brevis. In patients with negative microscopic examination results and symptoms suggesting ocular demodicosis, dermoscopy-guided microscopic re-evaluation could be considered.
Relationship of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Disease Activity in Psoriasis Patients
Authors: Zekey Emre , Tunçez Akyürek Fatma Tunçez Akyürek , Tunçez Abdullah , Akyürek Fikret , Doğan Merve Ezgi
Published: April 2023

Introduction:  Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease that can cause cardiovascular comorbidities. Some recent studies have indicated that impaired gut microbiota and metabolites may be associated with inflammatory diseases.
Objectives: In this study, the relationship between serum trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO, a gut bacterial metabolite) level and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and disease severity in psoriasis patients was investigated.
Methods: Age- and gender-matched 73 patients and 72 healthy controls were included in the study. In both groups serum trimethylamine n-oxide(TMAO), oxidized low- density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels were recorded and the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasonography by a cardiologist.
 
Results: TMAO, hs-CRP, oxidized-LDL, triglyceride and CIMT levels were statistically higher in the patient group. HDL levels were statistically higher in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of total cholesterol and LDL-C levels. In partial correlation analyzes in the patient group, positive correlations were observed between TMAO and CIMT, LDL-C and total cholesterol levels. Linear regression analysis showed that TMAO levels positively predicted CIMT levels.
Conclusions: This study confirmed that psoriasis is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and that elevated serum TMAO levels in these patients indicate the presence of intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, TMAO levels were found to be a predictor of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in psoriasis patients.
The Use of New Hematological Markers in the Diagnosis of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Aksoy Sarac Gulhan , Acar Onur , Nayır Tufan , Hararcı Yıldırım Pınar , Dincer Rota Didem
Published: April 2023

Introduction:  Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-cicatricial inflammatory and autoimmune hair loss disease. In recent studies, it has been reported that hematological parameters can be used as oxidative stress markers in the diagnosis of many inflammatory diseases due to their low cost and widespread use.
Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to reveal the significant cut-off points of hematological inflammatory markers in AA that can guide clinicians in clinical practice and determine how many times they increase the risk of disease.
Methods: The present study is retrospective case-control type. Seventy patients with AA and seventy healthy controls were included in the study. The hematological parameters in both groups were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Hemoglobulin, monocyte, platelet, monocyte high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR), monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were high in patients with AA, while the number of lymphocytes was low.  In ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off values for the diagnosis of AA were as follows: MLR 0.216, MHR 0.010, and PLR 111.715. In regression analysis, being above the following values of MLR 0.216, MHR 0.010, and PLR 111.715 increased the risk of developing AA by 6.3, 3.8, and 2.7 times, respectively.
Conclusions: It was seen that MHR and PLR, especially MLR, can significantly increase the risk of developing the disease in AA and can also be used as diagnostic markers.
Junctional Nevus and Early Melanoma on Sun-Damaged Skin of the Head/Neck: A Clinico-Pathologic Challenge
Authors: Moscarella Elvira , Guitera Pascale , Scolyer Richard A. , Rocha Lilian , Thomas Luc , Ronchi Andrea , Scharf Camila , Brancaccio Gabriella , Argenziano Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Melanoma on the head/neck area can show subtle clinical, dermoscopic and histologic features at early stages, being difficult to differentiate from junctional nevi.
Objectives: This case series aims to raise awareness on the topic of misdiagnosis of early lentigo maligna as junctional nevi.
Methods: From the databases of three pigmented lesion clinics in Italy, Australia, and France, we retrieved all cases of lesions of the head/neck area with an initial histopathologic diagnosis of junctional nevus (JN) or dysplastic junctional nevus (DJN) which subsequently recurred and were ultimately diagnosed as melanoma. Moreover, we also retrieved those cases with an initial diagnosis of JN/DJN made on a partial biopsy that were diagnosed as melanoma after complete surgical removal.
Results: Here we report 14 cases in which the initial histologic diagnosis was junctional nevus or dysplastic junctional nevus. The lesions recurred over time with a final diagnosis of lentigo maligna.
Conclusions: Clinicians should critically question a given histologic diagnosis of junctional or dysplastic junctional nevus on the head/neck area if the clinical or dermoscopic features are discordant. Clinico-pathologic correlation is the best way to increase diagnostic accuracy and optimize management for the patient.
Investigation of the PD-1/PD-L1 Expression in the Lesional Skins of Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Emre Selma , Süngü Nuran , Hayran Yıldız , Demirseren D Deniz , Aktaş Akın , Özkara Duman Tuce
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic and inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is affected by the interactions of several immune cells and cytokines. PD-1 is an inhibitor receptor that is expressed to a large extent in T lymphocytes and responsible for regulating autoimmunity and self-tolerance.
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of PD-1/PD-L molecules in the lesioned skins of psoriasis patients.
Methods: The study included 30 psoriasis patients, and 15 healthy volunteers as the control group. Anti PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies were applied to the skin biopsy samples that were collected from the patient and control groups. Cytoplasmic and membranous staining of PD-1 and PD-L1 were considered positive. The number of stained immune cells that was examined for each case.
Results: The percentage of the tissues with high PD-1 (+) and PDL-1 (+) immune cell counts were significantly higher in the psoriasis patients compared to healthy controls (P values = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). A negative and statistically significant correlation was detected between PDL-1(+) immune cell numbers and PASI scores (P = 0.033, r=-0.57).
Conclusions: In the lesioned skin samples of psoriasis patients, the PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were significantly higher in immune cells than that in the skin samples of the healthy controls. This study was the first investigation of the expression of PD-1/PD-L molecules in the immune cells in found the lesioned skins of psoriasis patients.
Scabies Affects Quality of Life in Correlation with Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Koç Yıldırım Sema , Demirel Öğüt Neslihan , Erbağcı Ece , Öğüt Çağrı
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Scabies is a highly contagious disease affects many people worldwide each year and a major public health problem. A small number of studies have shown that scabies causes impairment in the quality of life in adult patients.
Objectives: The aims of this study are to assess the impact of scabies on adult patients quality of life (QoL) and evaluate the relationship between depression and anxiety levels and impairment in life quality.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult patients diagnosed with scabies in our dermatology outpatient clinic. The effect of scabies on QoL was evaluated by Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and the levels of depression and anxiety were evaluated by Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS).
Results: Totally, 85 patients included to the study. QoL of 72.2% of the patients was moderate to extremely large affected. There was a positive correlation between the duration of the disease, the total DLQI score and the severity of the disease impact on QoL (rs= 0.287,  P = 0.01 and rs=0.280, P = 0.008, respectively). A positive correlation was found between the number of treatments received and the total DLQI (rs= 0.223, P = 0.042). There was a positive correlation between BDS and BAS, and total DLQI score (rs=0.448 and P = 0.000; rs=0.456 and P = 0.000, respectively).
Conclusions: Scabies has a moderate to severe effect on QoL. There was a positive correlation between impairment QoL and anxiety and depression scores.