bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Perspective of Nursing Students on the Challenges of Online Learning in the Blended Learning Era: A Call to Action for Universities?
Authors: Gabriel Rebekka Ndatolewe , Nyahwema Valerie
Published: September 2024

Blended learning has become the new norm post the pandemic. It aims to combine the advantages of online and face-to-face learning. However, the online aspect comes with unique challenges, some of which might be a spillover from the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by nursing students regarding online learning in the blended learning era. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted at a University in Namibia. It has four undergraduate nursing classes. A Focus Group Discussion was conducted per class whereby 10 students were randomly selected to partake in sessions. Thematic data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti. Four main themes were created from the data collected. 1. Financial constraints to buy data and devices for online learning. 2. Digital illiteracy and a lack of technological skills characterized by difficulties in logging into online learning platforms and accessing materials. 3. Technical issues in the form of poor network coverage and gadgets acting up. 4. Reduced motivation characterized by a lack of interest and mental exhaustion. Although blended learning has both face-to-face and online learning modes, the online mode still presents challenges to students. Higher learning institutions ought to dissect these challenges and implement mitigation strategies to improve the online learning experience and subsequently improve student performance.
Influence of grain size or anisotropy on the correlation between uniaxial compressive strength and Brazilian tensile strength
Authors: Kong Fanmeng , Han Mingyi , Zhao Yuting , Lu Haitao , Liu Shian , Luan Pengyu , Zhuo Baolong , Shi Gaofei
Published: September 2024

To offer guidance for using Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) to estimate UCS of anisotropic rocks, this study uses sandstone (fine or coarse grain) and gneiss (0°, 45°, 90° inclined anisotropy) to investigate the influence of grain size or anisotropy on the correlations of UCS-BTS. According to the regression analysis, there is no significant equation of UCS-BTS for rocks with vertical anisotropy. The grain size variation or multidirectional anisotropy can result in a decrease in the determination coefficient value of correlations. Then, coarse grain size or vertical anisotropy deteriorates the statistical performance of correlations between UCS and BTS, reflected by the Akaike Information Criterion and performance index. For rocks with fine grain size or 45° inclined anisotropy, the data points of estimated UCS are clustered uniformly around the exact estimation line. Finally, the accuracy of predicted UCS via BTS declines obviously following the varying grain size or different anisotropy orientations. Using empirical formulas with different grain sizes or anisotropy properties can generate significant errors in estimated UCS. To predict UCS, BTS should be extracted from rocks with single grain size magnitude or unidirectional anisotropy. Moreover, the Brazilian test parallel to the anisotropy cannot be used to derive the correlation of UCS-BTS.
Unveiling Hidden Carcinomas: nonenhanced CT-Based Radiomics Model Enhances PTC Detection in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Running title: CT radiomics identifies carcinoma in HT
Authors: Peng Yun , Huang Kaiyao , Gong Zijian , Liu Wenying , Peng Jidong , Gong Lianggeng
Published: September 2024

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common benign thyroid disease that often coexists with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Owing to the diffuse changes in the thyroid caused by HT, PTCs can be challenging to detect using conventional imaging modalities such as ultrasound and CT. The aim of this study is to develop a radiomics model that uses nonenhancedCT (NECT) to predict the presence of PTC in the patients with HT, thereby improving early diagnostic accuracy.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included pathologically confirmed HT patients with or without PTC who underwent NECT scans within 30 days before surgery from January 2017 to April 2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (Hospital I) or Ganzhou People's Hospital (Hospital II). Radiomic features were extracted using PyRadiomics. Interclass correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation and LASSO analyses were conducted to reduce the dimensionality of the radiomicfeatures. Five machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, naive Bayes, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers, were employed to develop and validate the prediction models based on the remaining features.
Results: A total of 130 patients, 89 from Hospital I and 41 from Hospital II, were included. Six features with nonzero coefficients were retained by the LASSO algorithm for inclusion in the machine learning models. The MLP model performed the best in the external validation cohort, with an area under the curve of 0.783, a sensitivity of 64.29%, and a specificity of 92.31%.
Conclusion: A radiomics model based on NECT can identify PTCs in patients with HT and has the potential to enhance early diagnosis and intervention for these patients.
Enhancing Crack Resistance and Tensile Strength of Clay with Polypropylene Fiber and Enzyme Admixtures: Laboratory Investigation and Recommendation
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Krishnan , Jose Prakash Arul
Published: September 2024

In expansive clay, the development of fissures during desiccation is a natural occurrence. The life of geoinfrastructures, especially hydraulic barriers, can be greatly extended by reducing desiccation-induced fissures. Enhancing soil characteristics through the use of additives is an important strategy for reducing the formation of desiccation cracks and their impact. In this work, experimental findings for a nylon fiber and enzyme-based product modified expanding clay are presented. Desiccation cracking experiments with various fiber concentrations and constant enzyme dosages were conducted. Three-point bending beam tests were conducted to evaluate the modified clay's tensile strength. The impacts of cracks were reduced because the additives, fiber, and enzyme were able to considerably change the patterns of cracks. In addition, compared to untreated soil, the addition of enzyme alone enhanced tensile strength by about 50%, whereas the combined action of both fiber and enzyme raised tensile strength by around 100%. The inquiry makes a case for the possibility of the inclusion of fiber-enzymes to reduce desiccation cracks based on measurements of fracture patterns and other changed clay characteristics. To identify the ideal dosage demands for each addition and examine the results of potential interactions between the fiber and enzyme, more research must be done.
Comparison of seven Dutch emergency departments using standardized mortality ratios in subgroups of patients categorized by presenting complaints; an observational multicenter study
Authors: Raven Wouter , Candel Bart GJ , Wali Nabila , Gaakeer Menno , Avest Ewoud Ter , Sir Ozcan , Lameijer Heleen , Hessels Roger , Reijnen Resi , Nickel Christian , De Jonge Evert , Zwet Erik , de Groot Bas
Published: September 2024

Background
Comparison of emergency departments (EDs) becomes more important, but differences are difficult to interpret because of the heterogeneity of the ED population regarding reason for ED presentation. The aim of this study was two-fold: First to compare patient characteristics (including diagnoses) across 7 EDs. Secondly, to compare Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) across 7 EDs and in subgroups of ED patients categorized by presenting complaints (PCs).
Methods
Observational multicenter study including all consecutive visits of 7 EDs. Patient characteristics, including PCs as part of triage systems, and SMRs (observed divided by expected mortality) per ED and for the most common PCs (PC-SMRs) were compared across EDs and presented as funnel plots. The expected mortality was calculated with a prediction model, which was developed using multivariable logistic regression in the overall population and for PCs separately. Demographics, disease severity, diagnoses, proxies for comorbidity and complexity, and PCs (overall population only) were incorporated as covariates.
Results
We included 693,289 ED visits, of which 1.9% died. Patient characteristics varied markedly among EDs. Expected mortality was similar in prediction models with or without diagnoses as covariate. SMRs differed across EDs, ranging from 0.80 to 1.44. All EDs had SMRs within the 95%-Confidence Intervals of the funnel plot apart from one ED, which had an higher than expected SMR. However, PC-SMRs showed more variation and more EDs had SMRs falling outside the funnel, either higher or lower than expected. The ranking of SMRs across EDs was PC-dependent and differences across EDs are present only for specific PC-SMRs, such as in "dyspnea" and "feeling unwell”.
Conclusion
In summary, patient characteristics and mortality varied largely across Dutch EDs, and expected mortality across EDs is well assessed in PC subgroups without adjustment for final diagnoses. Differences in SMRs across EDs are PC-dependent. Future studies should investigate reasons of the differences in PC-SMRs across EDs and whether PC-targeted quality improvement programs can improve outcomes.
Leveraging transcriptome SRAs for virus detection in wild and colony populations of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)
Authors: Bourke Brian Patrick , de Oliveira Jader , Ergunay Koray , Linton Yvonne-Marie
Published: September 2024

Triatomines are infamous as vectors of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. However, climate-driven range expansion and urbanization adaptation of Triatomine populations coupled with their highly diverse feeding strategies (vertebrate haematophagy, kleptohaematophagy, and coprophagy) and has elevated interest in Triatomines as potential arboviral vectors. Information on the Triatomine virome is highly scant, with prior records including only eight insect-specific viruses: Triatoma virus (TrV) and Rhodnius prolixus viruses 1–7. Here we leverage publicly available transcriptome datasets to assess viral diversity in 122 wild and colony kissing bugs representing eight species from six countries. In total, six viruses were detected (including Rhodnius prolixus viruses 4–6), and TrV was detected in almost half of all screened Triatomines. TrV is reported in Triatoma brasiliensis and in the genus Mepraia (M. gajardoi, M. spinolai, M. parapatrica) for the first time, and this effort has vastly expanded the publicly available genomic resources of TrV, adding 39 genomes to the single genome currently available on GenBank. Furthermore, two additional viruses—Meccus longipennis virus 1 and Drosophila melanogaster Nora virus—are herein reported from kissing bugs for the first time. Meccus longipennis virus 1 was detected in Triatoma infestans from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru, and Drosophila melanogaster Nora virus was found in T. infestans from Argentina. Our results illustrate the advantage and utility of low-cost transcriptome data mining for the discovery of known and novel arboviruses in Triatomines, and other potential insect vectors.
Morphometric Analysis for Prioritizing Critical Areas of Urpash Watershed in Sindh Catchment of the Lesser Himalayas Using RS and GIS Approach
Authors: Attar Mohmmad Idrees , Naseer Sameena , Pandey Yogesh , Khan Junaid Nazir , Bangroo Shabir Ahmad , Khan Zubair Ahmad , Tantray Adil Majeed , Khan Afzal Husain
Published: September 2024

Morphometric analysis using RS and GIS provides a cost and time-effective solution for prioritizing soil and water conservation practices. Therefore, a study was conducted to estimate various linear, areal and relief morphological parameters to prioritize the erosion-prone areas using the RS and GIS approach of an ecologically fragile and vulnerable Urpash watershed. The morphometric analysis revealed the presence of 32 streams ranging from 1st to 3rd orders, covering a total area of 21.37 km2. Results of parameters like Re, Rf, and Rc indicated an elongated shape of the watershed, suggesting lower runoff and erosion potential alongside higher sub-soil permeability. Small Dd, Fs, and Di values indicated that the Urpash watershed is at a heightened risk of experiencing flooding, gully erosion and landslides due to its inability to quickly disperse surface runoff. The priority order obtained using a compound parameter approach was WS3 > WS4 > WS5 > WS6 > WS2 > WS1.
Assessment of the impact of shielding gas flow rate on residual stresses in GMAW-deposited weld beads using LCR wave technique
Authors: Grzybowski Igor Felipe , de Almeida Diego Tolotti , Scheuer Cristiano José , Junior Paulo Pereira , Junior Auteliano Antunes dos Santos , Buenos Alexandre Aparecido
Published: September 2024

Welding is a widely employed manufacturing process in the industry for permanently joining pieces. Particularly in fusion welding processes, the high temperatures generate residual stresses upon process completion, rendering the welded and thermally affected region highly susceptible to failures. This occurs because such residual stresses overlay externally applied stresses. Therefore, precise determination of residual stresses in the welded joint becomes fundamental to assessing the actual forces borne by the component and ensuring its operational safety, thus averting unforeseen failures. It is pertinent to point out that welding parameters influence not only the quality and properties of the weld beads but also the magnitude of residual stresses. Among the various process-influencing parameters, the shielding gas flow rate has received minimal attention in the literature, remaining unexplored in terms of its overall impact. To address this gap, this study evaluated the impact of shielding gas flow rate on residual stresses in AWS ER70S-6 weld beads deposited on DIN EN 10025-2 S275JR steel plates. The investigation utilized Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and the non-destructive ultrasonic method of Longitudinal Critically Refracted (LCR) waves for stress measurement. Weld beads were deposited via robotic operation, using shielding gas flow rates of 12, 15, and 20 l/min, while keeping other welding parameters constant. Longitudinal profiles of residual stress distribution were obtained for each specimen. The results revealed a significant impact of gas flow rate on the residual stress profile in the weld beads, with the highest values observed for the specimen welded with a gas flow rate of 15 l/min. This study strongly emphasizes the critical importance of evaluating the influence of operational parameters in the welding process on residual stresses in the welded joint, considering their significant impact on the structural integrity of the joined components.
Sign Language Recognition using Modified Deep Learning Network and Hybrid Optimization: A Hybrid Optimizer (HO) based optimized CNNSa-LSTM Approach
Authors: Baihan Abdullah , Alutaibi Ahmed I. , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: September 2024

A speech impairment limits a person’s capacity for oral and auditory communication. A great improvement in communication between the deaf and the general public would be represented by a real-time sign language detector. Recent studies have contributed to promising progress in motion and gesture identification processes using DL methods and computer vision. But the development of static and dynamic sign language recognition models is still a challenging area of research. The difficulty is in obtaining an appropriate model that addresses the challenges of continuous signs that are independent of the signer. Different signers’ speeds, durations, and many other factors make it challenging to create a model with high accuracy and continuity. This study mainly focused on sign language recognition using a modified deep learning (DL) and hybrid optimization approach. With the Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16), spatial and geometric-based features are extracted, and motion features are extracted via the optical flow approach. A new DL model, CNNSa-LSTM, is a combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN), self-attention (SA), and long-short-Term memory (LSTM) to identify sign language. A hybrid optimizer (HO) is proposed using the hippopotamus optimization algorithm (HOA) and the pathfinder algorithm (PFA). The proposed model has been implemented in Python, and it has been evaluated over the existing models in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, word error rate (WER), sign error rate (SER), and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) as well. The proposed model has recorded the highest accuracy of 98.7%.
Synthetic studies on the tetrasubstituted D-ring of cystobactamids to potent terephthalic acid antibiotics
Authors: Broenstrup Mark , Stappert Moritz , Kohnhäuser Daniel , Seedorf Tim , Coetzee Janetta , Rox Katharina , Fuchs Hazel , Cirnski Katarina , Leitner Christian , Herrmann Jennifer , Kirschning Andreas , Müller Rolf
Published: September 2024

Novel scaffolds for broad-spectrum antibiotics are rare and in strong demand because of the increase in antimicrobial resistance. The cystobactamids, discovered from myxobacterial sources, have a unique hexapeptidic scaffold with five arylamides and possess potent, resistance-breaking properties. This study investigates the role of the central D-ring pharmacophore in cystobactamids, a para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) moiety that is additionally substituted by hydroxy and isopropoxy functions. We varied the two oxygenated substituents and replaced both amide connectors with bioisosters. Synthetic routes were developed that included metal-mediated aromatic functionalization or heterocycle formations, leading to 19 novel analogues. The antibiotic efficacy of all analogues was determined against bacteria from the ESKAPE pathogen panel. While the replacement and the repositioning of hydroxy and isopropoxy substituents was not advantageous, exchanging PABA by terephthalic acid amides led to the highly potent analogue 42 with broad-spectrum activity, insensitivity towards AlbD-mediated degradation and promising pharmacokinetic properties in mice. The study highlights the steep structure-activity relationships in the tetrasubstituted D-ring and a surprisingly favorable reversion of the amide connecting C and D.
SRREN:Self-aware and Relation-aware Recurrent Evolution Network for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning
Authors: Zhao Laibin , Ratnavelu Kuru , ALDharhani Ghassan Saleh
Published: September 2024

Knowledge Graph (KG) reasoning for predicting incomplete KGs has been extensively studied. However, the Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG), which consists of KGs at various timestamps, still has significant potential for improvement in forecasting future facts. A comprehensive understanding of historical facts is crucial for accurately predicting future events. For the same timestamp, the concurrent facts have structural dependencies, and the facts have a certain order in adjacent times. At the same time, for different timestamps, the attribute features of KGs in the current timestamp have a strong correlation with the attribute features of KGs in the historical timestamp. To effectively capture and comprehend these relational features and enhance the accuracy of TKG predictions , we propose a new recursive algorithm, the Self-aware and Relation-aware Recurrent Evolution Network (SRREN). SRREN learns an evolutionary representation of time-stamped entities and relations by recursively modeling the sequence of KGs. Specifically, for evolutionary units, structural dependencies are captured through relationship awareness. At each timestamp within the TKG, the sequential character of the facts is captured by a self-aware mechanism of regression modeling and a recursive component of the gate. In addition, the addition of entity static attributes can also achieve better entity representation. Experiments on six benchmark datasets show that SRREN can improve the accuracy of predicting future facts, and its performance is better than most other current models.
Interactions across Tritrophic Levels: Legume Host Plants, Insect Pest Callosobruchus maculatus, and Parasitoid Dinarmus basalis
Authors: Hamdi Soumaya Haouel , Abdelkader Nada , Boushih Emna , Jemâa Jouda Mediouni Ben
Published: September 2024

In an attempt to explore the tritrophic interactions among legume host plants and an insect pest C. maculatus, and an insect parasitoid D. basalis were used in this study. C. maculatus strains favoring seeds rich in protein and carbohydrate exhibit optimal physical performance in terms of weight and size, as well as biological parameters such as longevity, adult emergence and fertility. Additionally, fecundity and egg fertility of C. maculatus females correlate with larval protein and carbohydrate intake, as well as food quality. Parasitoids, crucial for controlling host densities, rely on substantial protein, lipid, and carbohydrate intake for survival and reproductive success. Focused on correlation between life history parameters of adult’s parasitoids and the host biochemical composition. Larvae L4 sugar content significantly affects parasitoid adults, with a notable positive relationship between sugar content in C. maculatus larvae and D. basalis sex ratio. This study is the first to investigate the relationships between the biochemical composition of C. maculatus L4 larvae and the biological and demographic performances of its parasitoid D. basalis. Our results show that the macronutrient content of plants and pest plays a crucial role in determining the tritrophic interactions.
Correlation Between Electrodes Surface State and Dynamic Resistance During Resistance Spot Welding of 5182 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Nikitin Alexander , Turabov Dashqin , Ermilova Evgeniia , Evdokimov Anton , Ossenbrink Ralf , Seidlitz Holger
Published: September 2024

This study determines the relationship between the state of the electrodes surface and dynamic resistance during the resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy 5182. For this purpose, dynamic resistance values for each welded spot were analyzed and a correlation between these values and the changing electrode surface state throughout the welding process was examined. The resistance is influenced by the roughness of the electrode surface, which changes during the welding process due to the gradual accumulation of Cu/Al phases. Based on the findings of this study, resistance measurements can be effectively utilized to correlate with electrode state.
Effects of Management Practices and Socio-physical Factors on Perennial Plant Diversity of Agroforestry Systems of Gedeo landscapes, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Lemma Sileshi , Asfaw Zebene , Tolera Motuma , Teshome Akalu
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the influence of different agroforestry systems, management practices, and socio-physical factors on plant diversity and richness in Gedeo indigenous agroforestry systems in southern Ethiopia. It analyzed 286 sample plots (10m x 10m), collecting data on both woody and non-woody perennial species. Insights into management practices and socio-physical conditions were gathered through surveys, focus groups, and interviews. A total of 78 plant species were identified in the study area. The Coffee-Fruit-tree system showed the highest species richness (10 species per plot) and the highest Shannon (1.482) and Simpson (0.731) diversity indices. In contrast, the Coffee-Enset-tree and Enset-Tree systems had lower species richness (6 species per plot) and fewer stems (20 to 23 per plot). The study found significant differences in species diversity and abundance across elevations, with highland farms having the lowest values (p < 0.001). Plots tilled once a year showed the highest diversity, richness, and abundance, while those ploughed three times a year had the lowest. Weeding once or twice a year did not significantly affect diversity indices, but weeding three times a year reduced them. Wealthier households had lower perennial plant species richness compared to middle-class and poor households. The prevalence of economically focused plants had a detrimental effect on species diversity and richness (p < 0.001), whereas selective tree removal had a positive impact on both. Additionally, the age of the household head and higher altitudes were associated with lower species diversity and richness (p < 0.001). Increased frequency of tillage and weeding by slashing also led to reductions in species diversity and richness. The distance from home to the main market negatively influenced species diversity and richness (p = 0.004), and altitude had a negative effect on both species richness and diversity.
Dual Metal-Organic-Frameworks Mediated Resonance Energy Transfer for Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensing
Authors: Wang Chun , Cheng Gaoxing , Li Guixin , Liu Jianbo
Published: September 2024

In this paper, an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) was designed. Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) was used as an energy donor for ECL-RET, and an Au nanoparticle-modified MOF framework (AuCoFe MOF) was used as an energy receptor for ECL-RET. The ECL emission spectra of Ru(bpy)32+ were in the range of 550 nm to 680 nm, and a zinc oxalate MOF encapsulating Ru(bpy)32+ (Ru@ Zn oxalate MOF) encapsulating Ru(bpy)32+ was prepared. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of AuCoFe MOF ranges from 280 nm to 700 nm and overlaps with emission spectra of Ru@Zn oxalate MOF, which is critical for RET. The AuCoFe MOF-Ab2 bioconjugate, target CEA antigen, the Ru@Zn oxalate MOF-Ab1 bioconjugate together forms a sandwich structure, resulting in quenching of the ECL signal of Ru@Zn oxalate MOF by AuCoFe MOF. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the ECL-RET sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance in CEA detection with a linear range of 1.0×10− 13 to 1.0×10− 8 mg mL− 1, the minimum limit of detection of it is 1.4×10− 14 mg mL− 1 (S/N = 3), and its recoveries of spiked samples ranging from 99.1–100.7%. The developed sensor has excellent stability, reproducibility and specificity and is suitable for the detection of CEA in human serum and has the potential to provide sensitive detection of other biomarkers of diseases.
The influence of the personality traits of newly graduated nurses on the knowledge, skills and professional self-efficacy in standardized training: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Jie , Mao Tianyang , Yuan Ping , Zhou Juan , Li Mengqun , Chen Bing
Published: September 2024

Background
New graduate nurses often have certain potential safety hazards for patients due to insufficient knowledge and lack of clinical practice ability. To address these challenges, China has implemented a standardized training strategy. The improvements in the quality of this training involve not only the intervention of teaching methods but also the consideration of personality traits.
Methods
The application software based on the BFI-2 Chinese scale was utilized to administer personality tests to nursing students; nursing students were invited to scan the QR code and voluntarily fill in a questionnaire, including basic information, personality test results, and a professional self-efficacy test scale; offline paper-based theoretical examination results of nursing students were collected before and after training. The data was then analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0, which involved descriptive analysis, one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation analysis.
Results
Based on the data, there were no observable differences in the theoretical results before and after training across different personality traits. In terms of skill assessment, conscientiousness exhibited the highest score at 78.91±2.98 points, while negative emotionality showed the lowest score at 74.59±2.12 points. These differences between different personality traits are statistically significant (P<0.001). In terms of professional self-efficacy, conscientiousness scored the highest at 98.48±12.69, while negative emotionality scored the lowest at 85.89±11.71, with significant differences between different personality traits (P<0.001). Professional self-efficacy was negatively correlated with agreeableness (r=-0.150, P=0.044) and positively correlated with conscientiousness (r=-0.310, P<0.001). Skill scores were negatively correlated with negative emotionality (r=-0.257, P<0.001) and positively correlated with conscientiousness (r=0.182, P=0.014).
Conclusions
This study shows that personality traits affect the skills test results and professional self-efficacy of nursing students. Conscientiousness scored the highest in this study, while negative emotionality scored the lowest. Therefore, personalized training plans are recommended to improve the quality of care for such nursing students and to further enhance patient safety.
Design and in silico assessment of quinoxaline platinum complexes as ATPase competitive topoisomerase inhibitors
Authors: Pincher Daniel W.M. , Hickey Shane M. , Plush Sally E.
Published: September 2024

The topoisomerase TOP2 enzyme is reliant on ATP hydrolysis for DNA relegation, when the ATPase domain is competitively inhibited the enzymatic process is halted and at stable DNA lesion results. This leads to increased apoptotic processes. Metal based topoisomerase inhibitors offer a unique perspective due to their greater diversity of molecular geometries, electrostatic charge and valencies compared with organic based inhibitors. To this effect, a range of platinum (II) complexes were designed and assessed in silico for their ability to competitively inhibit the TOP2 ATPase domain. The ligands were derived from the lead compound XK469 with modifications made on the quinoxaline core which was truncated to include different amino acid groups coordinated to a variety of platinum ions and secondary ligands. Binding energies were calculated for the interaction of the ligands and their complexes with the TOP2 ATPase domain and compared to binding energies for XK469 and ATP with the TOP2 ATPase domain. Platinum coordination was found to be beneficial with the majority of complexes demonstrating a higher binding energy with the TOP2 ATPase domain compared with the lead XK469 compound with 3 complexes exhibiting higher binding energy than the target ATP molecule. The results support two design strategies to improve the affinity for XK469 derivatives for the TOP2 ATPase domain, the first being the coordination of large secondary ligands (2,2'‑bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline) in close proximity to the aromatic quinoxaline group, and the second being the coordination of smaller ethylenediamine secondary ligand to a hydrophilic terminus.
Tubeless Ureteroenteric Anastomosis in Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy with Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion does not increase the risk of anastomotic stenosis or postoperative complications
Authors: Taylor Zachariah , Musallam Sami , Meyer Kayla , Elkhashab Iman , Thomas Brian , Snow Zachary , Zeltser Ilia
Published: September 2024

Objective
To demonstrate that omitting ureteral stent placement in robotic intracorporeal urinary diversion does not lead to increased risk of perioperative complications, namely ureteral strictures or anastomotic leaks.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 68 consecutive patients who underwent robotic radical cystectomy with ileal conduit creation or orthotopic neobladder by a single surgeon between January 2020 and September 2023. Chronologically, the first cohort of patients had ureteral stents placed to bridge the ureteroenteric anastomosis and in the second cohort stenting was omitted.
Results
Cohort 1 consisted of 28 patients with surgeries performed between January 2020 and April 2021, while cohort 2 had 40 patients who underwent surgery from April 2021 to September 2023. The cohorts were well matched with regards to patient age, gender, ASA score and rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The choice of urinary diversion was left to surgeon and patient preference and there was no significant difference in the proportion of ileal conduits versus orthotopic neobladders within each cohort. Estimated blood loss, total operative time, inpatient length of stay and pathologic T and N staging did not statistically differ between cohorts. Overall, there was no difference in the rates of postoperative ileus, ureteral stricture, anastomotic leak, infectious complications, and 30-day readmission rates between the groups.
Conclusions
Tubeless ureteroenteric anastomosis in patients undergoing robotic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal diversion doesn’t appear to increase the risk of anastomotic strictures or postoperative complications. Further prospective evaluation is warranted.
Convergent evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms between synthetic pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) and the naturally occurring albicidin in multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Surani Yasmin Miriam , Wand Matthew , Picconi Pietro , Palma Michele Di , Chiozzi Riccardo Zenezini , Hasan Md Mahbub , Maynard-Smith Michael , Steiner Roberto , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Hind Charlotte , Sutton Mark
Published: September 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is designated as one of six priority ESKAPE pathogens by the World Health Organisation (WHO). It is the causative agent of a number of serious infections, including pneumonia, and worryingly strains are known to have resistance to the four major antibiotic classes. Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) with a C8-linked aliphatic heterocycle have been developed as a new class of potent antibacterial compounds. They are active against multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens, including K. pneumoniae. When K. pneumoniae isolates were exposed to PBDs, they acquired resistance, with an increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 1-4 µg/mL to >32 µg/mL. Resistant strains showed mutations in genes associated with resistance to the phytotoxin albicidin, specifically tsxand merR-family regulator albA. Heterologous expression of AlbA in Escherichia coli, and introduction of a proposed resistance-mediating single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (AlbA L120Q) into the genome of a sensitive K. pneumoniae strain confers both PBD and albicidin resistance. Given the parallels between these two structurally unrelated compound classes, these mechanisms may offer resistance to further antibiotics in K. pneumoniae and should be considered in future antibiotic discovery.
Transcriptome and DNA methylation profiling during the NSN to SN transition in mouse oocytes
Authors: Demond Hannah , Khan Soumen , Castillo-Fernandez Juan , Hanna Courtney W. , Kelsey Gavin
Published: September 2024

Background: During the latter stages of their development, mammalian oocytes under dramatic chromatin reconfiguration, transitioning from a non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) to a surrounded nucleolus (SN) stage, and concomitant transcriptional silencing. Although the NSN-SN transition is known to be essential for developmental competence of the oocyte, less is known about the accompanying molecular changes. Here we examine the changes in the transcriptome and DNA methylation during the NSN to SN transition in mouse oocytes.Results: To study the transcriptome and DNA methylation dynamics during the NSN to SN transition, we used single-cell (sc)M&T-seq to generate scRNA-seq and sc-bisulphite-seq (scBS-seq) data from GV oocytes classified as NSN or SN by Hoechst staining of their nuclei. Transcriptome analysis showed a lower number of detected transcripts in SN compared with NSN oocytes as well as downregulation of 576 genes, which were enriched for processes related to mRNA processing. We used the transcriptome data to generate a classifier that can infer chromatin stage in scRNA-seq datasets. The classifier was successfully tested in multiple published datasets of mouse models with a known skew in NSN:SN ratios. Analysis of the scBS-seq data showed increased DNA methylation in SN compared to NSN oocytes, which was most pronounced in regions with intermediate levels of methylation. Overlap with chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) data for the histone modifications H3K36me3, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 showed that regions gaining methylation in SN oocytes are enriched for overlapping H3K36me3 and H3K27me3, which is an unusual combination, as these marks do not typically coincide.Conclusions: We characterise the transcriptome and DNA methylation changes accompanying the NSN-SN transition in mouse oocytes. We develop a classifier that can be used to infer chromatin status in single-cell or bulk RNA-seq data, enabling identification of altered chromatin transition in genetic knock-outs, and a quality control to identify skewed NSN-SN proportions that could otherwise confound differential gene expression analysis. We identify late-methylating regions in SN oocytes that are associated with an unusual combination of chromatin modifications, which may be regions with high chromatin plasticity and transitioning between H3K27me3 and H3K36me3, or reflect heterogeneity on a single-cell level.
Parallel trusted node approach for satellite quantum key distribution
Authors: De Santis Gianluca , Kravtsov Konstantin , Pyka Sana Amairi , Grieve James A.
Published: September 2024

Quantum key distribution (QKD) via satellite links is the only currently viable solution to create quantumbacked secure communication at a global scale. To achieve intercontinental coverage with available technology one must adopt a “flying trusted node” paradigm, in which users fully trust the satellite platform. Here, inspired by the concept of distributed secret sharing and the imminent projected launch of several QKD-equipped satellites, we propose a parallel trusted node approach, in which key distribution is mediated by several satellites in parallel. This has the effect of distributing the trust, removing single points of failure and reducing the necessary assumptions. In addition, we discuss the versatility that an optical ground station should provide to execute such a protocol and, in general, to be fully integrated into a multi-party global quantum network.
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Component Factors Among Corporate Company Employees in Kampala Uganda
Authors: Jemimah Kiboss Kyeyune , Zandile June-Rose Mchiza , Bashir Mwambi , Prossy Merab Ingabire , Florence Wamuyu Githinji , Nakaggwa Florence , Ivan Gabriel Busulwa , Rose Clarke Nanyonga
Published: September 2024

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic dysregulations indicative of increased cardiometabolic risk is on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and its components, among corporate employees in Kampala, Uganda.Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 408 adults who were employees from seven corporate companies in Kampala, using the WHO STEPwise NCD screening approach. Metabolic syndrome was measured using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria with the waist circumference (WC) cut-off points adapted for Sub-Saharan African populations.Results The mean population age (standard deviation [SD]) of the respondents was 34years (± 8.87) years and 52% of them were females. The prevalence of MetS was 22.8% (NCEP ATPIII) and 28.4% (IDF). Of the respondents who did not have MetS, 75% had at least one metabolic dysregulation. Of those respondents with MetS, only 31% perceived that they were at risk of this cluster of metabolic dysregulations. In this analysis, we observed that the systolic blood pressure (BP) and the body mass index (BMI) correlated strongly (r = 0.81 and r = 0.71) with the diastolic BP and waist circumference (WC), respectively. Age on the other hand correlated fairly with the WC and BMI (both r values = 0.46). Principal component analysis showed that the greatest loadings in principle factors one, two and three were from central obesity, with low HDL-C explaining 60.8% variance in the population. Age, BMI, family history of having cardiometabolic disorders, and perceived cardiometabolic disease risk (CMR) were associated with an increased risk of MetS by 5, 8.86, 1.55, and 2.73 (all P values were < 0.05) respectively in this group of respondents. These risks remained for age, BMI and perceived CMR after removing the confounding effects of education status, marital status and family history of cardiometabolic disease. Being single on the other hand, was associated with a reduced risk of MetS (0.23, p < 0.009).Conclusion While the primary contributors to the high prevalence of MetS among corporate employees in Kampala, Uganda were the high BP, high WC and high fasting blood sugar (FBS); age, BMI and perceived CMR were the key determinants of MetS. Future MetS interventions should aim to control and monitor obesity indicators in this population. Additionally, the findings inform targeted screening parameters for cardiometabolic risk assessment and suggest the need for further research into a weighted algorithm for MetS in this population.
Conceptual Design of Wood Pillar Foundation inSwampland: A Construction Solution for Drainage Improvement with Adaptation of Rain Garden’s Concept
Authors: Nursyarif Agusniansyah. , Syarief Akhmad , Noor Rijali , Annisa Nova
Published: September 2024

Building on swampy land is a major challenge due to the soft and waterlogged soil properties. Traditional approaches using wooden pile foundations have long been used but new technology with a more environmentally friendly and efficient approach needs to be applied to swampy land. The objectives of this research are: to obtain a conceptual model of modified wooden pile foundation construction combined with concrete, to identify the impact of soil condition changes due to foundation implementation and the swampy groundwater environment, and to determine the application of the 'constructed wetland' and rain garden adaptation methods to the foundation model concept. In this research, a qualitative method was used with a descriptive approach based on literature studies and data collection through surveys/field observations. There is interdisciplinary collaboration from architectural, material, and environmental fields. The method conducted includes experimental testing of the foundation model concept. The research stages are: identifying variations in foundation design on wetland, survey/field study observation of foundations in Banjarmasin, architectural-material-environmental analysis of the foundation model concept with rain garden adaptation, and finally, conclusions and suggestions. The rain garden concept is an innovation that can help address waterlogging issues by enhancing the improvement of foundation construction and drainage in swamplands. In this paper, the use of galam wood, wooden pile foundations, and construction technology innovations to improve swampland conditions are discussed in detail.
Stock management practices and the availability of HIV viral load reagents and consumables in Burundi public laboratories, a cross-sectional study design, from January to December 2023
Authors: Niyonkuru Donatien , Mitiku Shiferaw , Ngenzi Joseph Lune , Niragire Francois , Mukamurigo Judith
Published: September 2024

Background
Regularly monitoring viral load is crucial for managing HIV treatment and preventing drug resistance. Burundi National AIDS Control Program reports a gap in achieving viral load testing coverage for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
Objective
This study assessed the stock management practices and the availability of HIV testing reagents and consumables in Burundi public health laboratories with conventional equipment.
Methods
The study involved four public laboratories performing HIV viral load tests. Primary data were collected electronically using surveys, and secondary data were collected from stock management tools.
Results
The study identified significant deficiencies in stock management practices. For example, 38% of facilities must update stock cards, and 75% lack daily consumption sheets. Furthermore, practices for organizing, storing, and setting stock levels for reagents and consumables needed to be improved.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that poor stock management practices likely contribute to the limited availability of HIV viral load testing in Burundi. Improving these practices can ensure a consistent supply of testing materials, ultimately leading to better monitoring of PLHIV health and potentially improved treatment outcomes.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from the vegetable food chain in Niamey, Niger
Authors: Abdoulaye Alio Almou , Sanda Abdel-Kader Alio , Chaibou Yaou , Rabiou Maman Moustapha , Fody Alio Mahamadou , Seybou Djalifa Hamidou , Seini Haoua Sabo , Sadou Hassimi
Published: September 2024

Background
Salmonellosis is the main cause of collective food poisoning in humans. They are bacterial infections caused by various Salmonella species. The overall aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance phenotype of Salmonella strains isolated from vegetables in the urban community of Niamey.
Methods
To this end, one hundred and twenty-four (124) samples of some vegetables (carrot, lettuce, onion and tomato) were taken from market garden sites and markets in Niamey. Salmonella were tested using the ISO 6579:2017 4-step method: pre-enrichment, enrichment, isolation and biochemical identification, and the antibiotic resistance phenotype was determined using the standard Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method.
Results
Some sampling sites showed high Salmonella prevalences, notably site 1 (75.00%) and market 4 (40.00%). The overall level of Salmonella contamination in vegetables was 13.71%, including carrot (25.00%) and lettuce (15.38%) samples. The most common resistance phenotypes were Ceftriazone (100%), Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (76.92%), Ciprofloxacin (46.15%), Aztreonam (33.33%) and Imipenem (30.77%).
Conclusion
The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains in vegetables reflects the potential risk associated with their consumption. It is important to research the potential resistance and virulence genes of these strains for better management of infectious diseases.
A First Approximation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure to Identify Management Units for Western North Carolina Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)
Authors: Koch Hudson , O’Neill Alex , Estep Matt C.
Published: September 2024

The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is the only rattlesnake species inhabiting the temperate deciduous forests of Eastern North America and faces conservation challenges across its range. In North Carolina, the Timber Rattlesnake is listed as a Species of Special Concern, with habitat loss and fragmentation from human encroachment its primary threats. To effectively manage and conserve Timber Rattlesnake populations, land managers must first understand their genetic diversity and population structure. This study utilized 19 microsatellite markers to estimate genetic diversity parameters from 125 individuals sampled opportunistically across a broad geographic area in Western North Carolina. Our findings revealed robust genetic diversity and identified three management units, which will assist land managers in formulating effective conservation action plans.