bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMART SENSOR FOR ENHANCEMENT OF A MULTI-SPINDLE AUTOMATIC LATHE THERMAL ERROR COMPENSATION MODEL
Authors:   Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Production Machines and Equipment (RCMT), Prague, Czech Republic, Horejs O. , Mares M. ,   Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Production Machines and Equipment (RCMT), Prague, Czech Republic, Mlcoch A. ,   TAJMAC-ZPS, a. s., MORI-SAY Division, Zlin, Czech Republic
Published: June 2021

The development of a smart sensor is proposed to improve the thermal error compensation model of a multi-spindle automatic lathe. The smart sensor is capable of gathering real-time information about rotating spindle drum temperatures. Thereafter, the temperature obtained by the smart sensor is applied as input to the thermal error compensation model based on the transfer function instead of an indigenous temperature measured on the stationary part of the multi-spindle automatic lathe. Using spindle drum temperature as the model input increases the prediction of thermal displacements in the X-axis by 16%.
A NOVEL DESIGN CONCEPT FOR A THERMALLY STABLE LINEAR SCALE USING TWO DIFFERENT MATERIALS
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Lee T. H. , Gim H. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Oh S. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Gotthardt T. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Tzanetos F. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Schmetz A. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Zontar D. ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstrasse 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Brecher C. ,   Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), Campus-Boulevard 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
Published: June 2021

Linear scale has significant impacts on the machine tool accuracy, since the positioning of the linear axes are controlled by its measurement. This paper presents a novel concept of linear scale design which can provide high thermal stability with low cost. This concept applies two different materials: a steel linear scale attached mechanically on a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) tube. Attaching this two materials, the thermal behavior of the steel scale can be mechanically compensated by the CFRP tube when the temperature changes. The potential of the design concept is analyzed based on the experiment results.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF GEOGRAFI KELAS X MATERI TATA SURYA
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Pratama Nanda Kresna Putra , Adi Eka Pramono , Ulfa Saida ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Multimedia interaktif materi tata surya merupakan media yang digunakan sebagai suplemen untuk memunculkan semangat siswa saat proses pembelajaran. Pemanfaatan multimedia tersebut bisa dipakai secara berulang kali, sehingga materi yang disampaikan dapat dimengerti oleh siswa. Penggunaan metode yaitu model Lee & Owens yang memiliki lima langkah yaitu: Analisis, Desain, Pengembangan, Implementasi dan Evaluasi. Tujuan pengembangan multimedia interaktif ini untuk membantu memudahkan proses pembelajaran. Menurut ahli, media dan ahli materi multimedia interaktif memberikan tanggapan bahwa multimedia interaktif layak digunakan. Dalam uji coba lapangan pada siswa SMA Pawyatan Daha Kediri kelas X IPS 1 mengalami peningkatan nilai saat menggunakan multimedia interaktif dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia interaktif geografi materi tata surya merupakan solusi bagi guru untuk diterapkan kepada siswa saat mengajar di SMA Pawyatan Daha.
ANIMASI INFOGRAFIS BAHAYA MEROKOK MATA PELAJARAN PENJASORKES
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Kurniawan Mukhammad Syahrul , Setyosari Punaji ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Ulfa Saida ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Animasi infografis adalah bentuk visualisasi gambar dan informasi yang dimanfaatkan dalam menjelaskan materi pelajaran yang rumit disampaikan secara konvensional. Dengan animasi infografis tersebut siswa dapat dengan mudah dan mandiri memahami materi. Dengan demikian animasi infografis mempermudah siswa dalam upaya pembelajaran di rumah. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu menghasilkan animasi infografis mata pelajaran penjasorkes materi bahaya merokok. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah model pengembangan Lee & Owens. Setelah melakukan review hasil pencapaian belajar animasi infografis ini memenuhi kriteria layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Bahaya Merokok dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yakni dapat menarik perhatian siswa dalam belajar dan membantu siswa dalam memahami materi.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GROUP INVESTIGATION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI IPS
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Khuluq Khusnul , Abidin Zainal ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Ulfa Saida ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengukur adanya perbedaan antara kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran klasikal dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI) pada siswa kelas XI IPS di SMAN 9 Malang. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran ini dilakukan secara daring dan penyebaran angket serta tes pebelajar mengisi pada google form. Penelitian ini melibatkan dua kelas yakni kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Pengujian data menggunakan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Uji berikutnya yaitu menggunakan uji tingkat kesukaran soal dan uji daya pembeda soal. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil adanya pengaruh model pembelajaran GI terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan oleh adanya perubahan hasil belajar siswa. Kemudian ditemukan pengaruh gaya belajar terhadap gaya belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada tiap gaya belajar. Yang terakhir adanya interaksi model pembelajaran GI terhadap hasil belajar ditinjau dari gaya belajar siswa yang dibuktikan oleh adanya perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada tiap kategori gaya belajar.
Empagliflozin, Beyond Glucose Reduction. The Unanticipated and Welcomed Cardioprotective Results. Switching the Heart at Four Levels: Energetic, Anatomical, Functional, and Neuro-Hormonal
Authors: Enrique Morales-Villegas , Yulino Castillo-Núñez , Gilberto Castillo-Barrios
Published: June 2021

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) like empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and ertugliflozin, and sotagliflozin (both a sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitor [SGLT1i] and SGLT2i), are drugs that inhibit the action of sodium-glucose cotransporters in the proximal renal tubule and/or the intestine. Therefore, causing natriuresis, glucosuria, and reduced intestinal glucose absorption. Besides this mechanism of action, which determines glycemia reduction, there are multiple extra-glycemic mechanisms in extensive research in humans in-vivo, which, beyond in-vitro or experimental studies, is dissecting the mechanisms explaining the initially unanticipated and ultimately incredibly significant and welcomed cardiac and nephroprotective results of these drugs. This article centers on the cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin, namely, a reduction of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure, among others. These effects were demonstrated in the EMPA-REG and EMPEROR-Reduced clinical outcome trials, which will be initially summarized to later frame them in the results of the mechanistic trials EMPA-HEART, EMPIRE-HF (including sub-studies), EMPA-TROPISM, and “EMPA-PIG.” The mechanistic trials showed favorable changes in the left ventricular mass index, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, extracellular and intravascular volumes, glomerular filtration rate, myocardial remodeling, among others. These were investigator-initiated studies to go beyond in-vitro and experimental evidence. The results and analysis allow us to understand myocardial energy remodeling as an intrinsic myocardial mechanism that underlies anatomical, functional, and neurohormonal myocardial remodeling. Together with other systemic actions, predominantly renal (not discussed in this article), contribute significantly to this drug's clinical benefit.
Temporal Feature Aggregation for Text Classification Based on Ensembled Deep-Learning Models
Authors:   Weihai Beiyang Electric Group Co. Ltd., Weihai, Shandong, China, Yu Jiali , Qin Zhiliang , Lin Linghao , Qin Yu , Li Yingying
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we focus on the text classification task, which is a most import task in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). We propose an innovative convolutional neural network (CNN) model to perform temporal feature aggregation (TFA) effectively, which has a highly representative capacity to extract sequential features from vectorized numerical embeddings. First, we feed embedded vectors into a bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) model to capture the contextual information of each word. Afterwards, we propose to use the state-of-the-art deep-learning models as key components of the architecture, i.e., the Xception model and the WaveNet model, to extract temporal features from deep convolutional layers concurrently. To facilitate an effective feature fusion, we concatenate the outputs of two component models before forwarding to a drop-out layer to alleviate over-fitting and subsequently a fully-connected dense layer to perform the final classification of input texts. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves performance comparable to the state-of-the-art models while at a significantly lower computational complexity. Our approach obtains the cross-validation score of 95.83% for the Quora Insincere Question Classification (QIQC) dataset, and the cross-validation score of 83.10% for the Spooky Author Identification (SAI) dataset, respectively, which are among the best published results. The proposed method can be readily generalized to signal processing tasks, e.g., environmental sound classification (ESC) and machine fault analysis (MFA).
Impact of obesity on hypertension: A review
Authors: Abdussalam
Published: June 2021

The primary cause of extreme obesity and overweight is a disparity between energy consumption and expenditure. Obesity is technically described as the excess deposition of 20% or more body fat over a person's ideal weight of body. The latter is an individual's maximum healthy value, which is measured primarily based on age, build, height, and degree of muscular growth. Obesity, on the other hand, is diagnosed by comparing an individual's weight to his or her height and calculating the BMI. The NIH has set a maximum of 30 kg/m2 as the threshold for being considered obese. As a result, amid World Health Organization warnings, obesity is on the rise in children and adults around the world. Obesity's rise, as well as the scope of related health problems, has significant ramifications for both people and public healthcare systems. Obesity is linked to increased chances of injury, sickness, and death, and it is one of the world's most overlooked public health problems. Obesity is linked to cardiac problems, which are the primary cause of death globally especially hypertension and diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying obesity-related hypertension and other metabolic disorders have yet to be thoroughly studied. We looked at the connection among obese and heart disease, specifically the biological mechanisms that link obese and hypertension, in this study.
Forest plot: An indispensable segment of meta-analysis
Authors: Ahuja Vipin , Ahuja Annapurna
Published: June 2021

Forest plot is the graphical display of estimated results from a number of scientific studies included in Meta-Analysis. The name refers to the forest of lines produced. It is also known as a blobbogram and is a graphical representation of data from studies addressing the same question, along with the overall results. It was developed for use in medical research as a means of graphically representing a meta-analysis of the results of randomized controlled trials. One of the foremost advantages of these plots is that one can see and interpret the information from the individual studies that went into meta-analysis at a glance. It also highlights the amount of variation between the studies and an estimate of the overall result. This review article throws a light on the importance of forest plots and their interpretation in the field of dental research.
Dental cross-bite: The paradigm of interception in orthodontics
Authors: Chawla Megha , Gupta Saraf Bhavna , Sheoran Neha , Paul Saumya , Elizabeth Siji , Singh Shivani
Published: June 2021

Crossbite is a form of malocclusion in which a tooth (or teeth) in the upper or lower dental arch is more buccal or lingual (that is, closer to the cheek or tongue) than its corresponding antagonist tooth. Crossbite, to put it another way, is a lateral misalignment of the dental arches. Crossbite should be corrected as soon as a child's cooperation is obtained. Early treatment may prevent or slow the progression of abnormal alveolar processes and jaws.
Neonatal teeth concomitant with fibrous hyperplasia: A rare case report
Authors: Arunima  , Ahuja Vipin
Published: June 2021

Eruption of tooth at about 6 months of age is a momentous stage in child’s life and is an emotional event for the parents. Though, a tooth present in the oral cavity of new born can lead to a lot of delusions. The occurrence of natal and neonatal teeth is a scarce anomaly, which for centuries has been associated with assorted superstitions among different ethnic groups. Natal teeth are more frequent than neonatal teeth, with the ratio being approximately 3: 1. Natal and neonatal teeth are of paramount importance not only for a dentist but also for a paediatrician since their presence may lead to numerous complications. Early detection and treatment of these teeth are recommended because they may induce deformity or mutilation of tongue, dehydration, inadequate nutrients intake by the infant, and growth retardation, the pattern and time of eruption of teeth and its morphology. This paper reports a rare case, wherein a neonatal tooth has led to the development of a fibrous hyperplasia in 10 months old infant.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making of Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings Based on the A'WOT Analysis: A Case Study of Cordahi Complex, Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Ragheb Ghada Ahmed
Published: June 2021

This study presents a multi-criteria strategic approach of decision-making in sustainable adaptive reuse by evaluating cultural heritage assets and identifying potential alternatives. For effective preservation, adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is a strategic decision. Whereas adaptive reuse decisions are based on several, sometimes contradictory criteria, in addition to decisions from multiple parties and stakeholders are potentially inconsistent. This research finds that the reuse process should consider many important criteria to expand and enhance the knowledge base. This paper presents a systematic application and analytical method in decision-making for adaptive reuse of heritage Cordahi complex in Alexandria, Egypt. The A'WOT analysis application was used as an analytical tool to obtain results through the integration of a SWOT matrix and an Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) process. The SWOT technique was used to examine the internal and external factors and identify the important strategic factors, then apply the AHP method to prioritize these factors to make them measurable. Then, SWOT priority factors were used to formulate strategies using the TOWS Matrix. The proposed strategy relates to protecting and promoting the importance of heritage and the context, enhance the tourism potential, economic development for the population, interpretation strategy, community engagement, sustainable management, partnerships.
Climate Change Trends in Colombia: A Case Study in Facatativá, Cundinamarca
Authors: Robledo-Buitrago Daniel Armando , Polanco-Puerta Manuel Francisco , De Luque-Villa Miguel , Mesa-Caro Mauricio , Calderón-Ricardo Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2021

Climate change modifies the average climate behavior over a long period, generated by natural phenomena or anthropogenic causes. This change has an important impact on climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation, worldwide but also has various effects on the local scale. The purpose of this research was to determine climate behavior and the magnitude of climate change in the last 30 years in the municipality of Facatativá, Cundinamarca. Precipitation and temperature were analyzed using data from climatological stations around Facatativá, which belong to the Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM) and the Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca. These data provided the average temperature in this municipality, between 9.2℃ and 14.0℃, with an increasing trend between 0.00℃/yr to the west and 0.03℃/yr to the east of the municipality. The Precipitation ranged between 781 mm/yr and 1200 mm/yr, with an increasing trend of between 3.0 mm/yr in the west and 12.0 mm/yr in the northwest.
The Impacts of Geographical Location on Landscape Design
Authors: Alhazzaa Kifah
Published: June 2021

Landscape architecture is the connection between human and nature, which enhance human health and comfort. It contributes to water conservation and natural resource preservation since it is a part of the global ecosystem. The geographical location, which represents the climatic and terrestrial features, is one of the essential considerations of the landscape design due to its cruciality of design impacts. In this research, new landscape classification has been revealed that categorizes the landscape into two main categories: natural landscape and built landscape, and each category has been followed by subcategories which have demonstrated in this paper. One of the landscape architecture objectives is to optimize the design for human needs and comfort, thus how will the landscape design optimize in different climate conditions? There are many environmental design strategies that respond to any climate type conditions.
Adaptive Reuse of Manor Houses: Modernism and Tradition in Fernando Távora’s Approach for Heritage Renovation
Authors: Ordóñez-Castañón David , Cunha-Ferreira Teresa , Sánchez-Beitia Santiago
Published: June 2021

This article seeks to analyze the methodology and principles underlying the intervention of the Portuguese architect and professor Fernando Távora (1923-2005) in the renovation of manor houses in the north of Portugal. Throughout his renowned professional career, Távora designed the refurbishment of numerous country houses, managing to adapt uses and spaces to the new requirements without undermining their strong identity in the landscape and their historical and architectural values. Thus, the study of his particular methodology can provide design guidelines to approach the adaptive reuse of this cultural legacy with respect for its heritage values, especially in rural areas undergoing a severe process of depopulation and agro-productive transformation. Three case studies have been selected in order to determine the evolution and consolidation of his practice: The Casa da Igreja in Mondim de Basto (1958-1961), the Casa da Covilhã (1963-1988) and the Casa da Breia (1984-1985). These renovation projects reveal careful analysis of the preexistence, supporting sensitive introduction of new elements with subtle contemporary expression in respectful continuity with the forms and atmospheres of the past.
Cracks in Education: Alternative Schooling in Cultic Groups
Authors: Nowakowski Piotr T.
Published: June 2021

The breakdown of cross-social values characteristic in a cult, expressed in limiting its members’ contacts with people from outside their own community, manifests itself in its critical attitude towards the common education system, and therefore in establishing its own schools, with a formula of education that is different from that found in traditional educational institutions. Some groups also use legal provisions enabling the implementation of home education, which allows them to protect children against the harmful, in their opinion, impact of the external environment. All this leads to a kind of gap in the cult’s relationship with the education system, causing it to lose both external and internal control mechanisms to limit potential abuse, making children from cultic milieu more vulnerable and defenseless than their peers growing up in a society equipped with the mentioned mechanisms, even if they are sometimes insufficiently implemented. Pupils taught in the mainstream school system maintain regular contact with their peers from different families and social groups. Similarly, teachers and other employees of the education system are embedded in different social contexts, which provides them with a perspective that lets them notice an occurring problem and offer help to the child.
Сравнительный анализ ITIL3 и ITIL4
Authors: Богомолов Д.Н. , Нестеров Ю.Г.
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена новой версии методологии по управлению ИТ-услугами ITIL. Описываются этапы развития методологии, также уделяется внимание ключевым особенностям каждой версии. Производится обзор и сравнительный анализ изменений, произошедших при выходе четвёртой версии методологии в 2019г. по сравнению с предыдущей версией.
О значимости корпоративных информационных систем в строительстве
Authors: Горбачев А.Ю. , Резвых В.А. , Гулякин Д.В. , Калиберда К.С.
Published: June 2021

За последние 30 лет модели информационных систем в организациях всех сфер и отраслей деятельности претерпели значительные изменения. На данном этапе экономического развития строительства мы имеем тенденцию расширения и модернизации форм и методов его управления, где корпоративные информационные системы являются ключевым фактором развития.
Применение информационных технологий в юриспруденции
Authors: Шумеева Е. , Шарыпова Т.Н.
Published: June 2021

В статье авторы рассмотрели использование информационных технологий в юридической деятельности. На основе изученных источников приводятся наиболее используемые IT-технологии в данной сфере, дается их характеристика, задачи и функции. Высказывается мысль о дальнейшем развитии информационных технологий в юридической сфере и общества в целом.
История самолета СУ-47 «Беркут»
Authors: Гимбицкий В.А. , Гимбицкая Л.А.
Published: June 2021

В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с незавершенным проектом Российского истребителя с крылом обратной стреловидности - Су-47. Выявлена и обоснована главная нерешенная задача полета летательного аппарата нового образца. На основе проведенного анализа авторами исследованы несколько вариантов решения проблемы: в конструкции было предложено применение композитных материалов, а расположение крыла давало возможность садиться на полосу, втрое короче полос для обычных истребителей.
Recovery of Polymer Waste in the Production of Ceramics Veneer with a Self-glazing Effect
Authors: Pavlycheva E.A. , Pikalov E.S. , Selivanov O.G.
Published: June 2021

The results of studies on the development of the composition of the charge based on low-plasticity clay using waste products from the consumption of products made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride are presented. In addition, boric acid as a flux and titanium dioxide as a source of the vitreous phase are introduced into the composition of the charge to obtain the effects of vitrification of the surface of ceramic particles and self-glazing of the surface of the samples. The dependences of the main properties of ceramics veneer on the ratio between the amounts of polymer waste and titanium dioxide with the introduction of 5% by weight of boric acid have been established. The quantities of charge components that ensure the energy efficiency of the developed ceramics while ensuring strength, water absorption and frost resistance at a level corresponding to the requirements for products for brick cladding of buildings and structures have been determined. The use of this composition expands the range and raw material base for the production of ceramics veneer, allow you to dispose of polymer waste at any degree of purity and destruction in sufficiently large quantities.
Restoration of Soil from Herbicide Pollution using Biochar from Sewage Sludge and Sawdust
Authors: Bryndina L.V. , Baklanova O.V.
Published: June 2021

The results of studies of the effect of biocoal (biochar) from sewage sludge and sawdust on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil treated with herbicides are presented. Biocoals were obtained by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 500 ° C. It was found that the combined bio-charms from sewage sludge and wood waste stimulate the vital activity of soil microorganisms, increasing their population days after 15 days by 13.5 times, increase the biodegradation of the herbicide in the soil by 5 times in comparison with the soil without biochar treatment. The introduction of the combined biochar at a dose of 5% into the soil contaminated with herbicide increased the growth rate of tomatoes by 5 times. The proposed method of using sewage sludge and sawdust makes it possible to solve not only the problems associated with their utilization, but also to effectively restore soil from pollution.
Methods of Justification and Selection of Technologies for Remediation of Oil-contaminated Land
Authors: Apulu O.G. , Potravny I.M. , Sukhorukova I.V.
Published: June 2021

The results of research on the ecological and economic justification of the choice of technologies for the reclamation of oil-contaminated land are proposed. Economic and environmental criteria for the selection of technologies for the treatment of land contaminated with petroleum products are proposed. The algorithm of implementation of the project of recultivation of the lands polluted by oil is considered, which includes an assessment of environmental damage, compensation of losses to landowners, determination of the cost of work on recultivation of the polluted lands, justification of technology and assessment of efficiency of its application. Based on a comparative assessment of the use of various technologies for cleaning up oil-contaminated land according to the proposed criteria, the economic feasibility of using biotechnologies are shown on the example of the elimination of an emergency oil spill in the Niger Delta.
Spatial structure of pollution areas from combined heat and power plant (CHP) in Moscow
Authors: Bityukova V.R.
Published: June 2021

The main tendencies in the nature air pollution in Moscow from thermal power plants are considered. Emission reductions from CHP high rates are determined by a change of the main factors balance from the fuel mix capacity utilization to upgrading facilities equipment utilization optimization. On the Ochakovskaya CHP example was shown that by reducing emissions the concentration of contaminants decreased. However, the spatial structure of the pollution area has remained. Here, the low concentration zone, which is associated with the wind shadow effect, characterized of high sources, is replaced by a zone of maximum concentration, that in dangerous wind conditions velocity increases to more than 6 times. In addition, there is one zone of pollutants accumulation, within which their concentration increases by more than 7 times. For more rapidly settling suspended particles, there is the maximum concentration near the source (0.8–1.5 km). For well-scattering nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide are reached the maximum concentration farther from the source of emissions (5.5–6.5 km).
A comparative morphological study of the sixth and seventh spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae in extinct and extant species of Equus.
Authors: May-Davis Sharon , Hunter Robert , Brown Wendy
Published: June 2021

The lateral profile of the 6th and 7th cervical spinous processes (CSPs) were examined in four extantspecies of Equus (n=33); E. caballus (n=26), E. przewalskii (n=3), E. quagga boehmi (n=1), E. asinus (n=3)and compared to pre-domesticated Equus specimens (n=66) representing three known species: E. occidentalis(n=56), E. mosbachensis (n=2), E. curvedins/insulatis (n=1) and unknown Equus species (n=7) from five museums.Six common morphological profiles were revealed: cuneate, curvate, falcate, rudimentary, scalenate,and truncate. For the 6th CSP, the distribution of these morphologies amongst extant Equus is: cuneate, onlyE. asinus; curvate, E. caballus and E. przewalskii always in combination with ligamentum lamina nuchae (lig.lamina nuchae) attachments from the 2nd through to 7th CSP inclusive; falcate, E. caballus and E. przewalskiialways in combination with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 7th CSP inclusive;rudimentary, E. caballus always associated with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 5thCSP inclusive; scalenate, E. caballus in association with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd throughto 5th (n=11) or 7th (n=4) CSP inclusive; truncate, not present. The 6th CSP in museum specimens of Equusexhibits one of four profiles: cuneate (n=10), curvate (n=14), scalenate (n=11) and truncate (n=4). For the 7thCSP, the distribution of these morphologies amongst extant Equus is: curvate, E. caballus mostly associatedwith lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 5th CSP inclusive, falcate, E. caballus mostly associatedwith lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 7th CSP inclusive, scalenate, E. caballusassociated with lig. lamina nuchae attachments from the 2nd through to 5th CSP inclusive. Only Rancho LaBrea and Tar Pits Museum provided samples suitable for examination of the 7th CSP. These exhibited fourprofiles: curvate (n=7), falcate (n=11), scalenate (n=2), and truncate (n=7). These findings suggest that thelateral profile of the 6th CSP is of potential use in identification of species; attachments of the lig. lamina nuchaealter the morphology of the 6th and 7th CSP; and that attachments of the lig. lamina nuchae on the 2ndto 7th CSP were likely present in species of Equus prior to domestication.
Writer and Socialist Construction (based on Literarnaya Gazeta of the 1930s)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Solovyeva M. M.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the role of Literarnaya gazeta (Literary Newspaper) in the campaign to engage the Soviet writers in socialist construction and the definition of the new role of literature.
Communicative Notion of Categoricalness and Similar Communicative Categories
Authors:   Saratov State University, Akulshina O. A.
Published: June 2021

The article traces the interrelation of the categoricalness notion and similar communicative categories, such as objectivity, truthfulness, and emotional capacity.
Structural and Functional Peculiarities of the LexicalSemantic Field «Disease» in Conversational Discourse (on the material of spontaneous informal speech of physicians)
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Rodionova T. V.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the analysis of some social and professional group discourse from the viewpoint of semantic fields theory. The peculiarities of the lexical-semantic field «Disease» are described based on the material of spontaneous informal conversational discourse of physicians; the structural and functional analysis of the field in question is given.
Private Life in the Memoires by Duke La Rochefoucauld
Authors:   Saratov State University, Pavlova S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

In the article the correlation of the private and the public in the French court society of the second half of the XVIIth century is considered; the changes in the share of the themes touching upon private life are traced; the means of its depiction are analyzed.
Motive of the Steadfast Gaze in N. V. Gogol’s Petersburg Stories
Authors:   Saratov State University, Volokonskaya T. A.
Published: June 2021

In the article Petersburg stories are analyzed in terms of the motive of the steadfast gaze. The process of visual «completion» of reality by Gogol’s characters is described.
A. F. Pisemsky and the Journal Otechestvenniye Zapiski (Homeland Notes) on Censorship Issues
Authors:   Saratov State University, Timashova O. V.
Published: June 2021

The article contains a first time comprehensive analysis of A. F. Pisemsky’s major epistolary addressed to the editor of the journal Otechestvenniye Zapiski A. A. Krayevsky. This literary work exhaustively features the writer’s point of view on the issues of contemporary literature, literary censorship, and free thought in Russia. The letter is regarded as one of the unregistered acts within the framework of Russian writers’ public campaign of 1861 for the ease of censorship. Pisemsky’s message is also analyzed in the context of his contribution to the journal Otechestvenniye Zapiski – the longest but the least researched period in his life.
A. P. Chekhov and S. V. Rakhmaninov: Some Parallels
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Conservatory named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, Skaftymova L. A.
Published: June 2021

The article regards image and notional parallels in the works by A. P. Chekhov and S. V. Rakhmaninov revealing similar features of the writer’s and composer’s artistic outlook as of those who reveal national identity of the Russian art.
«Sharlotta – a Question Mark». The Play and the Fate of Sharlotta Ivanovna
Authors:   Saratov State University, Zakharov K. M.
Published: June 2021

In the article the image of the governess Sharlotta Ivanovna, a character from Vishneviy Sad (The Cherry Orchard), is analyzed. The motives of the play realized in the text are key to understanding the character. The story of creation and the stage fate of Sharlotta Ivanovna are also considered in the article.
The pragmalinguistic analysis of legislative genre (based on texts of german laws)
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Balashova Elena Yu. , Nagoga Olga V. ,   Saratov State Law Academy, Makshantseva Elena A. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: June 2021

As a rule, legal genres are subdivided into three large thematic groups: “Legislation” (laws, regulations, instructions, acts, orders), “Case law” (judicial decisions, appeals, protocols, court orders and court inquiries), “Official documentation” (official correspondence, reports, contracts). This research focuses on the pragmalinguistic and linguo-stylistic analysis of German legislative texts. The authors describe the characteristics of legislative genres and single out their general and special language functions. The relevance of the article is based on the fact that in Russia and abroad there are few linguistic papers on the analysis of legislative genre and law texts. In the meantime, the given research direction is highly prospective for interdisciplinary studies. The authors argue that the function of nomination, the function of message, the function of influence and the function of communication are vividly manifested in legislative genre via multilevel language means. A pragmatic analysis of the legal norms of the German legislative texts shows that the latter are characterized by imperative and dispositive legal norms, while recommendatory legal norms for the texts of German laws are less typical. The methodological base of research includes contextual and functional analysis, linguo-stylistic techniques as well as descriptive and linguo-pragmatic methods of analysis.
A lyrical discourse/text as a speech genre crossover
Authors:   Saratov State University, Prozorov Valery V.
Published: June 2021

The author of the article understands lyrical discourses/texts as holistic speech acts, generated by inflamed emotions and a wide range of strong emotional affects which are certainly essentially interactive by nature. The notion of an authocommunicative (in a broader sense – lyrical) speech genre crossover embraces literary and colloquial, primary and secondary speech genres in the form of monologues and dialogues. The permanent feature of all of them is their special insightful stylistic expressiveness. Internal speech, in case it is used by a competent user capable of creative figurative thinking, when addressed to the proper addressee turns from the thing in itself to the thing (discourse/text) for those who are entitled and those who know. The proper addressee is a desirable communicative and emotional category which in this case presupposes openness to those whose are ready for a thorough sincere internal dialogue with the given lyrically coloured speech act. Lyrical discourses/texs of a speech genre crossover may be characterized through the universal psychological-semantic triad of attention – joint participation – discovery. Absorbing selflessly into a lyrical text we wire up our attention to the original intonations of the author’s state of mind and mood. This is followed by a noticeably updated personal experience of the addressee, initiating new individual evaluative feelings, directly or indirectly related to the dynamics of the author’s intentions. Eventually, comes the final chord which is able to transfer the discovery of sensory and conceptual author’s intentions. The integral perception of perfect lyrical discourses/texts introduces us to numerous cultural practices of phatic and informational interactions invigoratingly influencing authocommunictive aptitudes of the person, which at long last facilitates their free emotional and intellectual enhancement.
Academic article: Trends in model changes
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Buzalskaia Elena V.
Published: June 2021

The article aims to determine the changes in the model of the speech genre of the Russian academic article in the field of humanities over the past 120 years. Methodologically, the analysis is focused mainly on identifying cognitive (logical-structural), pragmalinguistic (identifying the leading speech strategies) and formal (the form, article sections, text volume) characteristics of articles. The research suggests that during the analyzed time period, divided into four parts (1900–1930, 1930–1960, 1960–1990, 1990–2020), this speech genre has acquired the features of a hypergenre due to the fact that the following mandatory elements were included into the model: an Abstract, Information about the author, and Keywords. According to the analysis, one can see a specific trajectory in the formation of a model of a Russian academic article genre, the strengthening of national ways of information presentation and addressing in contrast to the enhancement of formal indicators. The obtained data is confirmed by the analysis of the frequency of speech strategies implementation (analytical, characterizing, modeling, methodological, classifying, reviewing, problem stating, descriptive, informing) and the analysis of the peripheral speech genres included into the article – affiliation (gratitude, appreciation), evaluation (criticism, approval, reproach), reflexive (justification, reference to authority), and prognostic (forecast, recommendation, suggestion) ones. Fluctuation in their frequency reflects internal trends related to historical causes and changes in scientific paradigms. Thus, the results of the research on the academic article speech genre in the field of humanities indicate that the unification of the Russian and Western European (Scopus) models of this speech genre is not inevitable.
The Trends of Prevalence of Obesity in Turkey From 2008-2016
Authors: Yilmaz Fatma Kantas , Yarar Onur
Published: June 2021

Objective: Obesity is one of the major public health problems in Turkey and worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the trends of the obesity prevalence in Turkey from 2008 to 2016 by analysing sociodemographic data.
Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional. Analysis was performed based on 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 data from Health Survey by Turkish Statistical Institute. Of the 128484 individuals who participated in Turkish Health Research, the body mass index (BMI) of 87205 individuals with aged 15 and older has been calculated. Categorical variables were represented as frequency (%) and continuous variables were represented as mean (±standard deviation) within parentheses. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 software.
Results: Our findings showed that 16.2% of the individuals 15 years and over was obese (18.7% among women and 13.5% among men P-value< 0.001) in 2008, and the prevalence increased to 22 % in 2016 (26% among women and 17% among men P-value< 0.001). The ratios of obesity were higher among the individuals having a low education (P-value< 0.001) and income level (P-value< 0.001; between 2010-2016) compared to other groups.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated alarming rates of obesity, particularly among women, among the population 55 to 64 years of age regardless of gender, which was closely associated with low education and income levels. It is crucial to gain healthy lifestyle behaviors within the society and implement strategies and policies for diverse risk groups.
Monitoring and Mapping of Insecticide Resistance in Medically Important Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran (2000–2020): A Review
Authors: Salim Abadi Yaser , Sanei-Dehkordi Alireza , Paksa Azim , Gorouhi Mohammad Amin , Vatandoost Hassan
Published: June 2021

Background: Mosquitos due to their role in the transmission of different pathogens to humans are considered as an im­portant group in the phylum Arthropoda. According to the WHO and FAO guideline different groups of insecticide applied for controlling pests in both the agricultural and public health sectors.
Methods: All the data published about resistant status of the mosquitoes Anopheles, Culex, Aedes and Culiseta species were searched on PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Magiran and google scholar. The objectives of this study was to review the trend of resistance to insecticides during 2000–2020 in medically important mosquitoes in Iran. The criteria for resistant are followed according to WHO guideline.
Results: The Results showed that there are widespread, multiple resistances in the country to different organochlorine, organophosphates, carbamate and pyrethroids insecticides in the mosquitoes.
Conclusion: The effect of pesticide residues on the environment could be a cause for selection pressure on mosquitos and lead to insecticides resistance to them. Insecticides resistance is main challenge of the vector control program. Also result will provide a guideline for control of the mosquito-borne diseases in the country as well as the world.
An Overview of Spiritual Health and Experts` Viewpoints Concerning the Role of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Its Excellence in Community
Authors: Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Larijani Bagher , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein , Dehnavieh Reza , Balochi Monireh , Kalavani Khalil
Published: June 2021

The spiritual dimension of health is the subject of much controversy; since it is not seen as a purely scientific and quantifiable aspect of health. However, it is exactly this quality of spiritual health that makes the thorough examination of the concept worthwhile. Furthermore, a comprehensive assessment of the theoretical concepts associated with it should be prioritized. The present study is a combination of a literature review followed by a series of expert interviews. First, articles addressing the different aspects of spiritual health were identified and acquired from academic databases. After a thorough assessment and evaluation, the findings were listed and prioritized in order to determine the most important aspects of spiritual health. Then, the most significant features were specified and interpreted. The interpretations were then sent to a group of experts for assessment and evaluation. The expert reviews and comments were then collected and analyzed in order to refine and improve the primary interpretations. The responsibilities of the health sector do not end with the provision and maintenance of the physical aspects of health or even the non-medical population. It includes not only promoting spiritual health in health sector graduates and personnel, but also conducting profound scientific studies, providing documentation, and interpreting the evidence for beneficiaries. However, establishing a new university major to train professionals exclusively for pursuing this objective and even adding new university credits in this field does not seem to be necessary from the point of view of experts and studies. In addition to providing the education necessary for students and personnel of each organization, providing adequate spiritual health and promoting the essential education and related skills are also the responsibilities of the health sector. Instead, it is suggested that an active secretariat be established to oversee the promotion of spiritual health in all sectors using the minimum independent facilities and manpower.
Effect of Long-Term Training on Sand on Co-Contraction of Ankle Joint in Individuals with Pronated Feet
Authors: Fatollahi Amir , Jafarnezhadgero Amir Ali
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Foot pronation can lead to different lower limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term training on sand on ankle joint co-contraction in individuals with pronated feet during walking.
Methods: The present study was a randomised controlled clinical trial type. Statistical samples of the present study included 15 males with excessive pronated feet in the control group and 15 males with excessive pronated feet in the experimental group which was selected with available sampling. During both pre and post-test, muscle activities were recorded by an 8-channel electromyography system during walking. The eight weeks training on sand (3 sessions per week) was only done in the experimental group. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure test was used for statistical analysis at the significant level of P<0.05.
Results: The results demonstrated greater ankle directed co-contraction during post-test compared with the pre-test in the experimental group (p=0.034). Other components of ankle co-contraction did not demonstrate any significant differences during post-test compared with pre-test (P>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that an increase in directed ankle joint contraction due to sand training may be associated with improvement in ankle joint stability. Further study is warranted.