bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and Assessing the Degradation Rate of Magnesium-Based Artificial Bone In Vitro Using a Wireless Magnetoelastic Sensor
Authors: Ren Limin , Yu Kun , Tan Yisong
Published: September 2018

A magnetoelastic-based (MB) sensor was employed as a novel method to monitor and assess the degradation rate of magnesium-based artificial bone (MBAB) in vitro, which can be used as an implant to repair a bone defect, providing a quantitative method to depict the degradation rate of MBAB. MBABs were fabricated by the Pro/Engineering software and a precision machine tool using high-purity (HP) magnesium. The MB sensor was embedded in the neutral surface of MBAB by an unharmful quick adhesive, forming the MB sensor-embedded MBAB (EMBAB). The modified simulated body fluid (MSBF) media (PH = 7.4), mimicking the human internal environment, and the NaOH media (PH = 12), accelerating EMBAB’s degradation, were used to immerse the EMBAB for 15 days at 37 °C. The EMBAB was then tested daily on a self-developed experimental platform to monitor the relative output power under a 100 N external force. The results showed that the relative output power of the sensing coil gradually increased with the EMBAB’s degradation. The degradation rate of the EMBAB could be calculated on the basis of the changes of the relative output power caused by the MB sensor and of the degradation time. With the EMBAB’s degradation, an increasing strain directly worked on the MB sensor, significantly changing the value of the relative output power, which means that the EMBAB was characterized by a quick degradation rate. During the 15 days of the experiment, the degradation rates on the 7th and 15th days were 0.005 dbm/day and 0.02 dbm/day, and 0.02 dbm/day and 0.04 dbm/day in MSBF and alkaline media, respectively. Therefore, the MB sensor provides a wireless and passive method to monitor and assess the degradation rate of bone implants in vitro.
Learning-Directed Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling Scheme with Adjustable Performance for Single-Core and Multi-Core Embedded and Mobile Systems
Authors: Chen Yen-Lin , Chang Ming-Feng , Yu Chao-Wei , Chen Xiu-Zhi , Liang Wen-Yew
Published: September 2018

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a well-known method for saving energy consumption. Several DVFS studies have applied learning-based methods to implement the DVFS prediction model instead of complicated mathematical models. This paper proposes a lightweight learning-directed DVFS method that involves using counter propagation networks to sense and classify the task behavior and predict the best voltage/frequency setting for the system. An intelligent adjustment mechanism for performance is also provided to users under various performance requirements. The comparative experimental results of the proposed algorithms and other competitive techniques are evaluated on the NVIDIA JETSON Tegra K1 multicore platform and Intel PXA270 embedded platforms. The results demonstrate that the learning-directed DVFS method can accurately predict the suitable central processing unit (CPU) frequency, given the runtime statistical information of a running program, and achieve an energy savings rate up to 42%. Through this method, users can easily achieve effective energy consumption and performance by specifying the factors of performance loss.
DM-MQTT: An Efficient MQTT Based on SDN Multicast for Massive IoT Communications
Authors: Park Jun-Hong , Kim Hyeong-Su , Kim Won-Tae
Published: September 2018

Edge computing is proposed to solve the problem of centralized cloud computing caused by a large number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices. The IoT protocols need to be modified according to the edge computing paradigm, where the edge computing devices for analyzing IoT data are distributed to the edge networks. The MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol, as a data distribution protocol widely adopted in many international IoT standards, is suitable for cloud computing because it uses a centralized broker to effectively collect and transmit data. However, the standard MQTT may suffer from serious traffic congestion problem on the broker, causing long transfer delays if there are massive IoT devices connected to the broker. In addition, the big data exchange between the IoT devices and the broker decreases network capability of the edge networks. The authors in this paper propose a novel MQTT with a multicast mechanism to minimize data transfer delay and network usage for the massive IoT communications. The proposed MQTT reduces data transfer delays by establishing bidirectional SDN (Software Defined Networking) multicast trees between the publishers and the subscribers by means of bypassing the centralized broker. As a result, it can reduce transmission delay by 65% and network usage by 58% compared with the standard MQTT.
Dual Institutional Pressures, Sustainable Supply Chain Practice and Performance Outcome
Authors: Lu Yali , Zhao Chenyang , Xu Leimeng , Shen Lei
Published: September 2018

With the deterioration of ecological environment, sustainable supply chain management has become an important means of enterprise performance evaluation. During the implementation of a sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), Chinese enterprises are faced with domestic and overseas institutional pressures, such as laws, regulations, and agenda, etc. Then, whether the dual institutional pressure has a promoting role for Chinese manufacturing enterprises in implementing the SSCM and whether the sustainable supply chain practices (SSCP) can promote the output of enterprise performance, have become a topic worthy of study. Hypothesis on the relationship between the institutional pressure of sustainable supply chain and economic, social, and environmental performances is innovatively raised in this paper and a theoretical model is built. Besides, a fitting test is conducted to a full model by using a structural equation model. An optimal model is eventually obtained after repeated modifications to the initial model by means of goodness of fit and causal path coefficient, thereby it is verified in this paper that the institutional pressure has a significantly positive impact on the SSCP; a conclusion is drawn that the impact of the SSCP on the economic, environmental, and social performances shows different characteristics, which has an important theoretical guiding role in promoting the SSCP.
Mobility Policies and Extra-Small Projects for Improving Mobility of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cecchini Arnaldo , Congiu Tanja , Talu Valentina , Tola Giulia
Published: September 2018

The paper focuses on the relationship between cities and people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Specifically, this research aims to provide practical guidelines on how to design urban policies and urban design projects, such that they improve the capabilities of people with ASD to walk across the city and access relevant public urban spaces and facilities. Although this is a well-defined field of research, this paper should be seen as a contribution to the debate on the understanding of disability as a product of processes of human-environment interaction and as an attempt to address issues of mobility for people with disabilities by taking into account their personal characteristics and capabilities. Current methodological and operational efforts on the role of spatial configuration as a means for improving the autonomy of people with ASD focus almost exclusively on the design of closed, separated, private spaces, devoted only to people with ASD (mainly children). Starting from these considerations, the paper describes a research project aimed at defining an integrated set of urban mobility policies and extra-small urban design projects to provide people with ASD a real opportunity of using their city.
A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification
Authors: Hou Xiang , Min Lianquan , Yang Hui
Published: September 2018

To protect the security of vector maps, we propose a novel reversible watermarking scheme for vector maps based on a multilevel histogram modification. First, a difference histogram is constructed using the correlations of adjacent coordinates, and the histogram is divided into continuous regions and discontinuous regions by combining the characteristics of vector map data. Second, the histogram bins that require modification are determined in the continuous regions through the optimal peak value, and the peak values are chosen from the flanking discontinuous regions in both directions; the watermarks are embedded by adopting the multilevel histogram modification strategy. The watermark extraction process is the reverse of the embedding process, and after completing the watermark extraction, the carrier data can be recovered losslessly. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good invisibility and is completely reversible. Compared with similar algorithms reported previously, it achieves higher watermark embedding capacity under the same embedding distortion with lower complexity, thereby having a higher application value.
Algal Viruses: The (Atomic) Shape of Things to Come
Authors: Evans Christopher T. , Payton Oliver , Picco Loren , Allen Michael J.
Published: September 2018

Visualization of algal viruses has been paramount to their study and understanding. The direct observation of the morphological dynamics of infection is a highly desired capability and the focus of instrument development across a variety of microscopy technologies. However, the high temporal (ms) and spatial resolution (nm) required, combined with the need to operate in physiologically relevant conditions presents a significant challenge. Here we present a short history of virus structure study and its relation to algal viruses and highlight current work, concentrating on electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, towards the direct observation of individual algae–virus interactions. Finally, we make predictions towards future algal virus study direction with particular focus on the exciting opportunities offered by modern high-speed atomic force microscopy methods and instrumentation.
Engineering Analysis of Plant and Fungal Contributions to Bioretention Performance
Authors: Taylor Alex , Wetzel Jill , Mudrock Emma , King Kennith , Cameron James , Davis Jay , McIntyre Jenifer
Published: September 2018

While the use of bioretention for stormwater management is widespread, data about the impacts of plants and microorganisms on long-term treatment efficacy remain region-specific. To help address this knowledge gap for the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, we installed twelve under-drained bioretention mesocosms built to Washington State Department of Ecology stormwater management standards in an urban watershed in Seattle, WA that included a busy portion of Interstate 5. Six mesocosms were planted with Pacific ninebark (Physocarpus capitatus) and six were inoculated with the wine cap mushroom (Stropharia rugoso-annulata) resulting in four replicated factorial treatments. Because region-specific studies must be mindful of the prevailing regulatory framework, all mesocosms used the Washington State Department of Ecology design standard soil: a blend of 60% sand and 40% compost by volume, despite the known leaching problems with high compost volume fraction soils. Five water quality sampling events over 15 months of continuous stormwater loading were analyzed for dozens of water quality parameters. Multiple linear regression analyses of treatment differences over the 400-day loading period illustrate that incorporating fungi into the wood mulch slowed the release of total and ortho-phosphorus from the bioretention soil; however net export of phosphorus from this compost rich media continued through 400 days of loading for all treatments. Multivariate ordination methods illustrate that time and temperature dramatically affect performance of this media, but the impact of planting and fungal inoculation had marginal detectible effects on overall water quality during the study timeframe. These results demonstrate that future studies of this media blend must plan for at least one year of nutrient and metal leaching before the time-dependent heterogenous variance introduced by these exports will no longer pose an obstacle to analysis of other performance changing factors. The results highlight important physical and chemical considerations for this media blend, and the opportunity for continued research on the use of fungal inoculated mulch application as a new ecological engineering tool for reducing phosphorus leaching from soils.
The Role of Attenuation and Land Management in Small Catchments to Remove Sediment and Phosphorus: A Modelling Study of Mitigation Options and Impacts
Authors: Adams Russell , Quinn Paul , Barber Nick , Reaney Sim
Published: September 2018

It is well known that soil, hillslopes, and watercourses in small catchments possess a degree of natural attenuation that affects both the shape of the outlet hydrograph and the transport of nutrients and sediments. The widespread adoption of Natural Based Solutions (NBS) practices in the headwaters of these catchments is expected to add additional attenuation primarily through increasing the amount of new storage available to accommodate flood flows. The actual type of NBS features used to add storage could include swales, ditches, and small ponds (acting as sediment traps). Here, recent data collected from monitored features (from the Demonstration Test Catchments project in the Newby Beck catchment (Eden) in northwest England) were used to provide first estimates of the percentages of the suspended sediment (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) loads that could be trapped by additional features. The Catchment Runoff Attenuation Flux Tool (CRAFT) was then used to model this catchment (Newby Beck) to investigate whether adding additional attenuation, along with the ability to trap and retain SS (and attached P), will have any effect on the flood peak and associated peak concentrations of SS and TP. The modelling tested the hypothesis that increasing the amount of new storage (thus adding attenuation capacity) in the catchment will have a beneficial effect. The model results implied that a small decrease of the order of 5–10% in the peak concentrations of SS and TP was observable after adding 2000 m3 to 8000 m3 of additional storage to the catchment.
Quantitative Agricultural Flood Risk Assessment Using Vulnerability Surface and Copula Functions
Authors: Wang Yongfang , Liu Guixiang , Guo Enliang , Yun Xiangjun
Published: September 2018

Agricultural flood disaster risk assessment plays a vital role in agricultural flood disaster risk management. Extreme precipitation events are the main causes of flood disasters in the Midwest Jilin province (MJP). Therefore, it is important to analyse the characteristics of extreme precipitation events and assess the flood risk. In this study, the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) method was used to determine the threshold of extreme precipitation events. The total duration of extreme precipitation and the total extreme precipitation were selected as flood indicators. The copula functions were then used to determine the joint distribution to calculate the bivariate joint return period, which is the flood hazard. Historical data and flood indicators were used to build an agricultural flood disaster vulnerability surface model. Finally, the risk curve for agricultural flood disasters was established to assess the flood risk in the MJP. The results show that the proposed approaches precisely describe the joint distribution of the flood indicators. The results of the vulnerability surface model are in accordance with the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of the agricultural flood disaster loss in this area. The agricultural flood risk of the MJP gradually decreases from east to west. The results provide a firm scientific basis for flood control and drainage plans in the area.
A first phylogenetic analysis reveals a new arboreal tarantula genus from South America with description of a new species and two new species of Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae)
Authors: Hüsser Martin
Published: September 2018

Based on molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses a new genus of Theraphosidae is described,Pseudoclamorisgen. n.TapinaucheniusgigasandTapinaucheniuselenaeare transferred toPseudoclamorisand a new species ofPseudoclamorisfrom the Amazon Region is described:P.burgessisp. n.Two new species ofTapinaucheniusfrom the Caribbean are described:T.rastisp. n.andT.polybotessp. n.Tapinaucheniussubcaeruleusis considered anomen dubium. Psalmopoeinae subfamily is diagnosed based on molecular and morphological phylogenies, andPseudoclamorisgen. n.andEphebopusSimon, 1892 are included. A taxonomic key for Psalmopoeinae generaTapinauchenius,Pseudoclamoris,Psalmopoeus, andEphebopusis provided.
Stigmella multispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)
Authors: van Nieukerken Erik J. , Gilrein Daniel Owen , Eiseman Charles S.
Published: September 2018

StigmellamultispicataRocienė & Stonis, 2014, previously known from the single male holotype from Primorye, Russia, is reported as a new invasive species mining leaves of Siberian elm,UlmuspumilaL., in eastern North America. Both adults and leafmines have been reported from many sites as unidentified Nepticulidae since 2010. Crucial for the identification was a match of the DNA barcode of a single larva collected onUlmuspumilain Beijing with adults from North America. The single larva constitutes a new record for China.Stigmellamultispicatais closely related to the EuropeanS.ulmivora(Fologne, 1860), feeding likewise onUlmus, but differs in details of external morphology and genitalia, particularly in the female, whereS.multispicatahas a remarkable elongated narrow ovipositor, suitable for oviposition in underside hairy leaf vein axils, where all mines start. In North AmericaS.multispicatais the onlyUlmus-feeding nepticulid with green larvae. Currently the species is known from USA: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Canada: Ontario and Québec. In Sagaponack, on Long Island, New York, larvae have been reported to occur en masse on Siberian elms from at least two sites. The current distribution could be reconstructed thanks also to many online photographs from observation websites. The species is redescribed, with the first descriptions of female, larva, and leafmine, and compared withS.ulmivora, which is fully redescribed. The two native North American nepticulidUlmusleafminers,S.apicialbella(Chambers, 1873) andEctoedemiaulmella(Braun, 1912), are diagnosed and new provincial and state records are provided. A key to linear mines onUlmusin North America is provided. We suspect that trade of live plants through nurseries played a role in the sudden spread of this invasive species.
Clostridium difficile
Infection in Children
Authors: Noor Asif , Krilov Leonard R.
Published: September 2018

Clostridium difficile
is an important cause of health care associated infections. The epidemiology of
C. difficile
infection (CDI) in children has changed over the past few decades. There is now a higher incidence in hospitalized children, and there has been an emergence of community-onset infection. A hypervirulent strain, North American pulse type 1, has also developed. Neonates and young infants have high rates of colonization but rarely have symptoms. The well-known risk factor for CDI in children age 2 years or older is antibiotic use. Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer are associated with increased incidence and severity of CDI. Nucleic acid amplification tests are now widely used for diagnosis given their rapid turnover and higher sensitivity and specificity. The treatment for an initial episode and first recurrence is oral metronidazole. Oral vancomycin is reserved for second recurrence or severe cases. A new treatment option, fecal bowel transplant, has been reported to be safe and effective in adults, and studies are now being conducted in children.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(9):e359–e365.]
Theory and Implementation of Inclusion
Authors: Gleason Christine M. , Santi Kristi L.
Published: September 2018

The inclusion of students with special needs in general education settings has become an essential component of education. Including all students in the least restrictive environment to the maximum extent possible is the law and an innate human right. However, research reveals that some teachers do not have positive attitudes toward including students with disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss findings from a study that uncovered factors behind teachers' attitudes toward inclusion. The general findings and themes are discussed. The chapter concludes with a list of resources teachers can access without payment to help them better understand students with disabilities and ways in which the teacher can more easily develop an inclusive, inviting environment for all.
Culturally Competent Practices and Implications for Special Education Leaders
Authors: Sprott Katherine , Msengi Clementine
Published: September 2018

The over-identification of minorities in special education in the Unites States continues to exist. Such over-representation separates these students from their general education peers to the degree that they may not have access to challenging academic standards and effective instruction. Factors impacting these students include a systemic lack of understanding of cultural frames of reference and curriculum and leadership issues that influence the referral and placement processes in special education. This chapter will address the five culturally competent practices with regard to inclusion and special education. Implications for educational leaders will be discussed.
Inclusive Teaching as a Critical Skill for Educators in the 21st Century
Authors: Monyai Reginald Botshabeng , Ramapela Selina , Ramollo Jeanette
Published: September 2018

The chapter recognizes that the need for accommodating all the learners in a teaching and learning situation is better accompanied by an inclusive teaching attitude and, therefore, practice. An extensive desktop literature review is used to explain the idea of inclusive teaching as a critical skill for educators in the 21st century. The chapter gives an overview of the conceptualization and contextualization of inclusive education, followed by the theoretical underpinnings of inclusive pedagogy. Most importantly, for the 21st century setup, the chapter advances thoughts of employing technology to promote inclusive pedagogy.
Bringing Back the L1 From Exile
Authors: Rashed Fajer M. Bin
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the effectiveness of second and foreign language learners using their L1 within their zone of proximal development to improve their L2 acquisition, and explores the usefulness of assessing specific L1 language skills to provide a more accurate analysis of learner acquirement. This theoretical approach will be examined in light of Lev S. Vygotsky and Vivian Cook's concepts of using the L1 in teaching and assessing the L2. One of these methods is the “new concurrent method” which identifies “code-switching” as a one of its important elements in creating real life situations in the classroom. In addition to theory, this chapter provides practical ESL/EFL assessments and trends of their application. By briefly exploring some of the justifications behind banning the L1 in ESL/EFL classrooms, the chapter criticizes and refutes the pedagogical claims and assumptions made throughout the reform movement which have affected many generations of students and influenced teacher training and instruction for a number of years.
A WID Collaborative Pedagogical Model in Computing
Authors: Mathew Priya , Bhatnagar Deepali
Published: September 2018

As many countries in the Middle East region have adopted English as the dominant medium of instruction in higher education, language support mechanisms offered to learners are an area demanding urgent attention in research and pedagogy. This chapter is a reflective account of a collaborative instructional model adopted to support the academic writing requirements of around 132 students enrolled in an undergraduate program in computer science in the region. This study is an attempt to implement a collaborative pedagogical initiative that would support learners' disciplinary writing requirements. Findings from the semi-structured interviews with content teachers and a survey administered to students enrolled in this module indicate that they perceive it as an effective model of general as well as disciplinary academic writing support. This approach will inform the building of a comprehensive academic writing support strategy to help learners achieve the requirements of their programs by offering targeted rather than general academic writing support.
Bridging the Gulf Between the Campus and Workplace
Authors: Mehta Sandhya Rao , Al-Mahrooqi Rahma
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the way involvement in student organizations contributes to an effective form of learning, particularly at the tertiary level. This can be seen to be part of experiential learning, which has long been the backbone of western education, increasingly being implemented in universities in the Arab Gulf, where education has hitherto followed a more traditional route. Based on the theories in the literature, this qualitative research outlines the multiple roles student organizations play in a context where learning independence, mixed gender interaction, and English language use are still developing concepts. Using personal interviews with stakeholders in a university in the Arab Gulf, this chapter ascertains the extent and the way in which student organizations succeed in enabling students to move beyond traditional learning to enable self-reliance by establishing social and professional networks and offering real-time instruction in such skills as time management and cultural communication, in addition to giving opportunities to use English in real-world contexts.
Concept and Approach to Land Management Interventions for Rural Development in Africa
Authors: Chigbu Uchendu Eugene
Published: September 2018

Unlike urban development, rural development is not getting adequate attention in Africa. This is true in the aspects of development policy and as a research interest. It is still not a priority in the development agenda of many African countries. The consequence is that the governance of rural development in many African countries is still treated as a linear affair. The consequence being a negation of the complexities that impede the improvement of living conditions in rural communities in Africa. This chapter is based upon an explorative study that challenges existing notions of rural development. It uses the structured literature review and focused group discussion conducted with African doctoral researchers in Germany to identify how land management can be used as an intervention for rural development. As a way forward, it presents a land managed-based approach to rural development that can be adaptable or applicable in African countries.
Comprehensive Ontology Model of Moroccan Land Administration Domain Applied to the National Land Governance
Authors: Adad Moulay Abdeslam , Semlali El Hassane , Ibannain Fatiha
Published: September 2018

Moroccan land and real estate are characterized by a large number of properties and an advanced and varied typology. Among the related shortcomings is how to identify various land statuses and the stakeholders in the sector. These characteristics of land are multidimensional, including urban, suburban, and rural; land use plan; lands under formal and informal registration systems and multiple regulatory frameworks; the importance for the state, the public, and private individuals; regarding its heritage, urban planning, and taxation; the development projects in each sector; etc. The complex character and distinct fields of land administration in Morocco necessitates the creation of a unified and standardized land data model for use by all public and private actors who have a relationship to land. The present study contributes to the perception of an applied taxonomy and aims to define the basic concepts of the land domain ontology. Such expertise is a prerequisite for land governance and land policy that integrate land and real estate into national development processes.
Spatial Data Infrastructures in Morocco (From the Diagnosis to the Success of the Implementation)
Authors: Elomari Elmostaphi , Rhinane Hassan
Published: September 2018

A spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a platform for coordinating the exchange and sharing of spatial data between several producers or users of spatially referenced data. In Morocco, there is a massive production of spatial data and several generally public administrations are starting to feel the need for geographic information governance through a mechanism of exchange and management of data to optimize their efforts and avoid a redundant production. The purpose of this chapter is to draw up an inventory of the state of the art of geo-spatial data, systems, and tools existing in the central administrations in Morocco in relation with the collection, management, storage, and dissemination of geographical information. Through this study, it was found that the problem is more a question of global governance, and that the current context has assets for the establishment of a spatial data infrastructure in Morocco.
A Geo-Decisional Tool for the Management of the Agricultural Development Fund Under the Green Morocco Plan
Authors: Adous Fatima Ezzahra , El Ghouat Mohammed Abdelwafi , Ibannain Fatiha
Published: September 2018

Within the agricultural strategy called Green Morocco Plan launched by the Moroccan government, the funds are allocated by the agricultural development fund to encourage investments. In this context, to manage the grant requests, the agricultural department uses an information system, which processes the files from their submission until the payment of the farmers. However, this system does not take into account the spatial data. This research aims to develop a geospatial model to study the distribution and dynamics of the allocated fund. Through this approach, policymakers will have a strategic key to survey the behavior of the spatial component, to manage funding applications, and to better manage allowed funds. The methodological approach adopted consists of carrying out a mapping of the real world identifying the needs of the future system and modeling the process of the geo-spatial tool. The result of the model will be used to develop and implement a spatial tool for policymakers to improve land information management related to the funded agricultural project.
The Cadastral and Land Information Systems for an Effective Land Governance
Authors: Adad Abdeslam Moulay
Published: September 2018

The cadastral system as a civilian register of a property has a fundamental role in every society because it ensures the relationship between the land and the humankind. This relationship is evident in the form of property rights and established in many different manners from the full control, through communal forms of tenure, to the individual property rights. This chapter has the aim to deal with the nature and categories of the existing cadastral systems. It will highlight the new approaches and visions to establish cadastral systems that will meet the requirements of re-engineering the framework of land development projects. An overview of the state of the art of the modern concepts of cadastral systems will be provided such as Cadastre 2014, 3D Cadastre, and Marine Cadastre. The goal behind this approach is to enable decision makers to have an idea on the existing paradigms of land administration and to master the relationships between humankind and land, infrastructures and business systems, and between the human being and technological issues.
The Experience of Volunteers and Frontline Workers in Marginalized Communities Across Southeast Asia
Authors: Mooi Chuah Siew , Nunis Ann Nicole
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the experience of volunteers and frontline workers who serve in marginalized communities across Southeast Asia. More frontline workers and volunteers are taking the initiative to support marginalized communities in the region. With the rise of human rights violations towards marginalized communities in the past decade, frontline workers and volunteers face unique experiences in working with these communities, ranging from stigma and discrimination to unaddressed levels of burnout. Based on the authors' experiences working with these communities and the summary of the interviews with fellow frontline workers, the experience of working with marginalized communities, particularly those affected by HIV/AIDS and refugees, are elaborated in this chapter. Current challenges as well as recommendations are highlighted to ensure that the frontline workers and volunteers are supported throughout their vital work towards society.
Developing Multicultural Counselling in an Australian University
Authors: Belle Carl Vadivella
Published: September 2018

Lifetime experiences have equipped the author with a broad and diverse background in approaching counselling and problem resolution. This has ranged from grief counselling to management of rural financial counselling and spiritual counselling. In 2004, the author was appointed Inaugural Hindu Chaplain at the Flinders University of South Australia, a position held until late 2007 (although his counselling role has continued until this day). The chaplaincy to which he was appointed was one of several that collectively comprised a multi-faith chaplaincy involving a team approach. The concept was one in which chaplains of different faiths would respect each other's traditions, would eschew proselytization, and would work cooperatively to mount joint educational and community interest projects. However, at the more fundamental level, his role consisted of providing chaplaincy services to Hindu students and staff studying or employed at Flinders University. (Increasingly this role extended to members of the other two universities based in Adelaide, neither of which possessed a Hindu chaplain.)
Faces of Grief
Authors: Jegathesan Anasuya Jegathevi
Published: September 2018

Death, bereavement, and grief are natural processes that are experienced by every individual who is born into this world. The level of trauma experienced from such loss can be mitigated by internal factors and the external environment faced by the individual. Spiritual belief systems and culture play a critical role in the experience of bereavement. This qualitative study applies the phenomenological approach to explore the lived experience of bereavement of 15 Malaysians from five different religious groups, namely Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Taoism. Rituals and belief systems impact an individual's experience with bereavement. The likelihood of individuals to seek emotional and psychological support depends greatly on individual belief systems, family support, support facilities set up by religious groups, and the perceived availability of professional services.
Waste and Efficiency in a Consumer Economy
Authors: McMullen Steven
Published: September 2018

Some complaints about consumerism rest on the perceived wastefulness of economic practices, for example, (1) the observation that individuals and firms discard large quantities of valuable goods, (2) the mass production of low-quality consumer goods, (3) research and product development serve the desires of the wealthy, (4) rapid product cycles and obsolescence encourage a constant stream of new purchases, and (5) consumption practices undervalue environmental and ecological goods. This chapter argues that a practice is “wasteful” if it is systemic, avoidable, and results in a lower-than-possible wellbeing. Each of the observed “wasteful” elements of the consumer economy can be explained by economic and marketing practices, though only a subset are avoidable and diminish consumer wellbeing, and are therefore truly excessive. This chapter concludes by examining some proposed solutions to economic wastefulness, as well as some alternative visions of economic progress that can more powerfully distinguish between justified and wasteful practices.
A Producer Mindset as an Alternative to a Consumer Mindset
Authors: Warren Homer B. , Stratford Linette
Published: September 2018

Consumer mindset (or consciousness) promotes childlike behaviors and inhibits intelligent decision making needed for human wellbeing. Producer mindset (consciousness), on the other hand, promotes intelligent decision making, autonomy, self-efficacy, individual empowerment, and overall wellbeing. This chapter gives an overview of the difference between the two types of consciousness, provides language to nurture a producer consciousness, and illustrates the benefits of replacing consumer consciousness with producer consciousness.
Informal Labeling and School Victimization
Authors: Ngo Fawn T. , Grosholz Jessica M. , Stone Sandra S.
Published: September 2018

The goal of this chapter is to broaden the labeling framework by exploring the efficacy of this perspective in accounting for school victimization. Drawing data from a sample of middle school age students, this chapter examines the effects of negative reactions by teachers on the likelihood of a student's experiencing threats of violence. The authors are also interested in examining the role that perception of self-worth plays in the relationship between negative reactions by teachers and school victimization. The authors hypothesize that being put down and ignored by teachers in the classroom will affect a youth's self-image and this in turn leads to secondary victimization. The authors found that negative treatment by teachers significantly increased the odds of students' experiencing threats of violence, but contrary to their hypothesis, they did not find evidence that students' perception of self-worth mediates the relationship between negative treatment by teachers and experiencing threats of violence.
Tightening the Gap
Authors: Langheim Maria Ray , McCaughan Ann Maureen
Published: September 2018

Between January 1, 2012 and January 30, 2018 alone there were 27 school shooting incidents, accounting for 62 victim deaths, 108 victims injured, countless witness and community members affected, and 10 assailants who committed suicide or were killed by a police officer during the attack, at schools or campuses across the United States (U.S.). Clearly, further intervention and prevention strategies are necessary for school personnel and law enforcement, as well as our greater communities, in reducing instances of school violence. Identification of individuals and groups who are at higher risk for violence toward self or others is one essential step in prevention. When prevention is unsuccessful, a student may begin down a path toward violence, eventually posing a threat to the extent that identifying and intervening becomes necessary. Encouraging law enforcement and school personnel to become well-versed in both, so that they might successfully support each other's efforts and develop common goals, is essential to successful communication regarding students and groups of concern.
Cyberbullying in Adolescence
Authors: Pittaro Michael
Published: September 2018

The advent of the internet has revolutionized the way individuals conduct business, socialize, and search for information on any topic imaginable at any time. Nevertheless, with all its benefits, the internet also has a darker side for which new criminal opportunities have emerged and some traditional crimes have evolved and multiplied. One area of concern that has emerged since the advent of the internet is that of cyberbullying, a distinct type of deviant behavior that has attained worldwide attention from practitioners and scholars. This chapter examines cyberbullying as associated with the age, gender, race, and urbanicity of the victims versus the extent to which traditional face-to-face bullying took place within these same groups. Cyberbullying remains an elusive social problem for all because cyberbullying has been associated with school shootings, suicides, and other violence among adolescents. Discussion of the implications for practitioners and scholars will be included in that cyberbullying extends beyond the school grounds and well within the realm of public safety.
School Discipline, Zero Tolerance Policies, and American K-12 Education
Authors: Mallett Christopher A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter reviews some of the history of establishing public schools through compulsory attendance laws for children, as well as the use of school discipline over time. The primary focus is on more recent times whereby the public schools across the country followed the juvenile justice system's “tough on crime” pathway since the 1990s. The increased use of zero tolerance policies and police (safety resource officers) in the schools has exponentially increased school-based arrests and referrals to the juvenile courts. These policies have not increased school safety and in many cases have inadvertently made schools less safe. These changes have also disproportionately ensnared a smaller group of at-risk and already disadvantaged students, including certain minorities, those with special education disabilities, and those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT).
Foundations for Curriculum Integration
Authors: Meier Lori T.
Published: September 2018

An integrated approach to curriculum planning, instruction, and assessment in K-12 classrooms has long been discussed in educational theory and curriculum studies scholarship. Although it has taken on various terminologies and distinctions over the past century, the foundations of integrated teaching and learning fundamentally seek to organize curriculum and instructional experiences in meaningfully connected and holistic ways, so that students will experience interdisciplinary content knowledge and problem-solving skills that lead them towards real-world understandings. This chapter will explore the curriculum foundations for integration, define various ways in which integration has been discussed in the literature, and provide a brief overview of the rationale and research supporting the distinct integration of science and literacy practices.
Using the Scientific Method to Solve Literary Problems
Authors: Davis Leia Faith
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, the author outlines cross-curricular lessons that have been developed using commonly taught pieces of “classic” literature to facilitate student connections in science. The lessons attempt to use the literature as a basis for building activities that allow students to practice and review scientific concepts in biology and chemistry. The chapter includes strategies for implementation such as finding appropriate literature, facilitating work with other teachers, and building connections to increase student outcomes. This chapter begins with a discussion of basic scientific method and its relationship to literary analysis. The activities that follow demonstrate some specific methods that practitioners can immediately apply in their classrooms.
Investigation Into Fermentation
Authors: Krautkremer Kris , Foster Cerrone Renee
Published: September 2018

This integrated lesson focuses on fermentation, its role in cellular respiration, and practical uses of fermentation for food preservation and nutrient bioavailability. The authors created authentic students experiences through fermentation of yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, pickles, and kombucha. Teachers used the science literacy practices while students engaged with a professional paper throughout the learning cycle in the Biology course. ELA reading practices were implemented to engage students in reading scientific papers and development of a final written assignment. Business owners and other experts brought real-world and hands-on experience in making these products as well as ties to personal culture. The authors applied the 5E lesson plan format, which prompts students to analyze their thinking through a cycle of hands-on and minds-on activities. This lesson addresses Tennessee State Standards for Science and English Language Arts (ELA) for students from both Biology and ELA courses (11th and 12th grades).
Positive Energy
Authors: Price Jamie , Abel Maranda O. , Varney Amanda , Wexler David
Published: September 2018

This chapter introduces a project-based learning lesson that integrates science, English language arts (ELA), and math through a study related to energy sources. Throughout the lesson, students are engaged in a real-world problem of determining the impact of a population on energy resources and discovering ways to build greener, more energy-efficient schools for students of the future. Within this chapter, the authors present a proposed project timeline that teachers can use for implementation within their own classrooms, including an entry event to engage students in the mission of the project. A connection between science, ELA, and math practices is addressed in order to provide students with an opportunity to understand the correlation between all three subject areas. Suggested teaching and learning tasks focused on the driving question of the project and related to all three subject areas are presented along with suggestions for a culminating product and assessment of student learning.
Bridging the Gap With Genetics
Authors: Mann Krista , Kelley Harold
Published: September 2018

This chapter delves into practical implementation of a cross-curricular unit of biology and literature. Through collaborative readings, lab work, film study, and structured academic discourse, two advanced placement (AP) classrooms collaborated over several classes fusing science and the humanities. The initial focus of DNA in AP Biology became an exploration of where the bounds of science should extend as AP Literature students joined to raise questions of how far the bounds of science should be allowed to progress. The culmination of the unit required students help bridge the gap between science and the humanities through a Socratic seminar, a structured student-led academic discussion. This chapter reviews the rationale for implantation; the unit plan, including subject-specific and collaborative lessons; results after implementation; student reflections; and recommendations for future implementation, both for teachers and administrators.
Teacher Perspectives on Science and Literacy Integration
Authors: Robertson Laura , Moran Renee M. R.
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, the authors discuss teachers' perspectives on science and literacy integration in secondary classrooms. Beginning with teacher belief, the authors posit that teachers must first believe in the value of science and literacy integration to themselves, their students, or to district, curriculum, or assessment goals in order to implement integration. After belief in the value of integration is established, teachers vary in their approaches to implementation. Analysis of focus group data from middle and high school English language arts (ELA) and science teachers reveals patterns in frequency, strategies, and barriers to integration by subject area. In conclusion, the authors offer a framework for integration that explains teachers' approaches to integration at the classroom and team levels and suggests methods for advancing science and literacy integration.