bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran Active Learning Tipe Picture and Picture dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Sejarah pada Siswa
Authors: Priyo Hutomo Beni
Published: September 2020

The value of IPS-Historical material under the KKM (> 75) is experienced by students of MAN 2 Pasuruan, especially Class XI. Based on the documentation study conducted by researchers, cases of low value of subjects occurred during the last 2 years period. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) Significant Influence between Active Learning Type Picture and Picture Learning Results with Historical Subjects in Students, (2) Significant Influence between Achievement Motivation with Student Achievement Results in Historical History, and (3 ) Significant influence between Active Learning Type Picture and Picture Learning, Achievement Motivation with learning outcomes of Student History subjects. The research design used in this study was an experimental design. Research location in MAN 2 Pasuruan Pasuruan Regency. The study population was all students of Class XI = 204 students. While the sample was taken 50% = 102 students. Data collection by instrument / questionnaire. The instrument validity and reliability were tested. Data analysis using Anova. The results showed: (1) There was a significant influence between Active Learning Learning Picture and Picture Types with Learning Results of Historical Subjects in Class XI Students in MAN 2 Pasuruan Pasuruan Regency. Therefore, based on the calculation of the hypothesis test it appears that the calculated F value obtained was 45.310 with a significance of 0,000. Because of the significance <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the learning outcomes History after treatment between groups of students who learn with Active Learning learning models and groups of students who learn with Conventional learning models, (2) There is a significant influence between Motivation Achievers with the Learning Outcomes of History Subjects in Class XI MAN 2 Pasuruan, Pasuruan Regency. Based on the analysis of the second hypothesis test, it was seen that the calculated F value obtained was 12,080 with a significance of 0.001. Therefore the significance <0.05, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the learning outcomes History after treatment between groups of students who have high achievement motivation and groups of students who have low achievement motivation, and (3) Significant influence between Active Learning Type Learning Picture and Picture, Achievement Motivation with student history learning outcomes. The analysis shows that there is no influence between active learning and achievement motivation. But partially there is an influence between learning with learning outcomes and there is an influence between learning motivation with learning outcomes.
Lingkungan Keluarga, Lingkungan Sosial dan Pergaulan Teman Sebaya terhadap Hasil Belajar
Authors: Trianah  , Sahertian Pieter
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Learning outcomes are changes in behavior obtained by students after experiencing learning activities. Learning outcomes include three domains, namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor. High and low learning outcomes achieved by students are influenced by factors of the family environment, social environment, and the association of students with peers. This study aims to analyze the influence partially (individually) or simultaneously (together) between the family environment, social environment and peer relationships simultaneously on learning outcomes. The method used is quantitative with explanatory research types and research samples of 69 students or 31% of the population taken using proportional random sampling techniques. The results showed that the family environment Social environment and peer relationships affect learning outcomes
Pengaruh substitusi sebagian ransum komersil dengan tepung daun indigofera sp terhadap lemak abdomen ayam broiler
Authors: Putra Bela , Putra Mukhlis dwi , Pedi Utama Bopalyon
Published: September 2020

Pakan substitusi sebagian ransum komersil dengan menggunakan indigofera sp adalah alternatif untuk memcahkan masalah mahalnya harga pakan broiler. indigofera sp memiliki keunggulan kandungan protein yang tinggi serta mudah untuk didapatkan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi sebagian ransum komersil dengan menggunakan tepung Indigifera sp terhadap lemak abdomen ayam broiler. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan  5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, dengan rincian; perlakuan I0 (100% ransum komersil), I1 (92% komersil + 16% Indigofera sp, I3 (76% ransum komersil + 24% Indigofera sp), dan I4 (68% ransum komersil + 32% Indigofera sp).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Indigofera sp sebagai substitusi sebagian pakan komersil berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap semua parameter yang diteliti, yakni lemak abdomen, persentase lemak abdomen terhadap bobot hidup, persentase lemak abdomen terhadap karkas, persentase lemak abdomen terhadap organ dalam ayam broiler. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan Indigofera sp hingga level 32% tidak mempengaruhi lemak abdomen ayam broiler.

 

Kata Kunci : Indigofera sp, abdomen, broiler
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja usaha sapi perah rakyat di kecamatan grati kabupaten pasuruan
Authors: Hadiani Dimas Pratidina Puri , Kusumawati Enike Dwi , Nurhadi Rama Sukma
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted at the Livestock Farming Cooperative (KUTT) of Suka Makmur on Jl. Raya Semambung Grati Desa Grati Pasuruan Regency on September 1, 2018 - September 25 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the business performance of people's dairy cows in Grati District, Pasuruan Regency. The population used is dairy farmers who are members of KUTT in Grati Village, Pasuruan Regency with questionnaires as many as 100 people who take ownership of livestock under 5 heads and more than 2 dairy cows. The research method was carried out by the surve method, which is taking samples from the population of dairy farmers with a questionnaire as a data collector. The results of this study are Y = -31,729 + 0,561 X1 + 5,454 X2 + 2,087 X3 + 1,628 X4 + 8,215 X5 + (-0,117 X6) + 0,406 X7 + (-0,922 X8) +0,160 X9 and the R squared value is 0,451 this means that the business performance of dairy cows can be explained by variable X of 45.1% and the remaining 54.9% is caused by sapilactation and extensive cage factors.

The factors that influence the performance of dairy cows in the Grati farm in Pasuruan Regency, from this result the most influential variable is the number of lactation cows and cage area.
YÜKSELEN EKONOMİLERDE YENİLİĞİN GELİR DAĞILIMI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: EZANOĞLU Zeynep , ÇETİN Dilek
Published: September 2020

Gelir dağılımı ve gelir dağılımının iyileştirilmesi konusu iktisat politikasının önde gelen çalışma alanlarından olup önemi devamlı artmaktadır. Gelir dağılımını belirleyen değişkenler arasında demografik faktörler, işsizlik, nüfus, üretim, küreselleşme ve piyasa yapısının yanı sıra teknolojik gelişme düzeyi de bulunmaktadır. Teknolojik gelişme düzeyinin yetersiz olduğu ülkelerde gelir dağılımında adaleti sağlamak zorlaşmaktadır. Ülkeler teknolojik gelişmeye önem vererek nitelikli işgücü verimliliğini arttırmayı ve dolayısıyla üretimde verimliliği sağlamayı hedeflemektedirler. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı 23 yükselen ekonomi için yeniliğin gelir eşitsizliğine etkisini incelemektir. Gelir eşitsizliği, literatürdeki çalışmalarda yer alan modellerden yararlanılarak kişi başı GSYH, nüfus, işsizlik, işgücü ve yenilik göstergelerinin fonksiyonu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Literatürle uyumlu bir şekilde, gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğinin göstergesi olarak Gini endeksi kullanılırken patent başvuru sayıları, Araştırma ve Geliştirme (Ar-Ge) çalışan sayısı ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının GSYH’ye oranı da yenilik göstergesi olarak kullanılmıştır. 1995-2017 dönemini kapsayan değişkenler Dünya Bankasının Dünya Gelişmişlik Göstergeleri’nden alınmıştır. Çalışmada panel tobit modeli tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan analizlerin sonuçlarına göre yerleşik olmayanların yaptığı patent başvuruları gelir eşitsizliğini bozarken, yerleşiklerin patent başvuruları gelir eşitsizliğini iyileştirmektedir. Ar-Ge çalışan sayılarının gelir dağılımını düzeltici etkisi bulunurken, Ar-Ge harcamalarının GSYH içindeki payında bulunan artışın gelir dağılımını bozduğu tespit edilmiştir.
SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNDE KAYIT DIŞI EKONOMİ
Authors: METİN Aslı , ERDEM Ramazan
Published: September 2020

Kamu ve özel sektörün iş birliği ile kalkındırılmaya çalışılan sağlık sisteminin, ekonomi bilimi ile olan ilişkisi, bu ilişkinin gizli kalmış tarafları çalışmanın çıkış noktasıdır. Bu çalışmada ekonomi biliminde kendine has bir alan kazanmış kayıt dışı ekonomik faaliyetlerin sağlık alanıyla ilişkisi incelenmiştir. İnsanoğlunun varoluşundan günümüze kadar temel bir alan haline gelen sağlığın bireysel çıkarlar ve kâr için kullanılabilir bir meta haline gelmesi üzerinde durulması ve araştırılması gereken bir süreçtir. Bu nedenle sağlıkta kayıt dışı ekonominin sağlık sektöründeki yeri bilinmeli ve bu sürece yönelik önemler alınabilmelidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında öncelikle kayıt dışı ekonomiye dair genel bir literatür sunulmuştur. Literatür bilgisi içerisinde sağlık ve kayıt dışı ekonomi arasındaki ilişki, nedenleri ve etkileri ile birlikte incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda sağlık sektöründe kayıt dışı ekonomik davranışların asimetrik bilgi, gelir elde etme beklentisi, piyasa yapısı, makro ekonomik politikaların eksikliği, düşük ahlaki standartlar, kültürel yapı ve paydaş sayısının fazlalığı gibi nedenlerle ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Kayıt dışı ekonominin sağlık sektöründeki etkileri ise sistem üzerindeki ve paydaşlar üzerindeki etkiler olmak üzere iki başlıkta incelenmiş, her başlık altında olumlu ve olumsuz etkiler tartışılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; sağlık sektöründe kayıt dışı ekonomiyi ortaya çıkaran nedenlerin ve sürecin etkilerinin teorik alt yapısının incelendiği bu çalışmada alana dair bir bakış açısı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Real-time Adaptive & Predictive Indicator of Deterioration (RAPID) A collaborative development by Birmingham Children’s Hospital, McLaren Applied Technologies Limited, Aston University, Isansys Lifecare Ltd & University of Birmingham
Authors: Duncan Heather , Fule Balazs , Lowe David
Published: September 2020

1.5 million UK children are admitted to hospital every year. Approximately 650 suffer cardiac arrest and 2,900 will die in hospital. Early warning systems are recommended to reduce avoidable complications and death. To reduce or eliminate avoidable life-threatening illness developing in hospital, patients need to be identified reliably and quickly to people who can treat them effectively. We are combining the clinical expertise of a Specialist Children’s Hospital with the technology expertise of Formula One racing to monitor and care for children more effectively. This project will build upon prior work in Intensive Care where we have used McLaren Formula One technology to accentuate changes in monitored physiology and develop smart patient specific alarms (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-18997318). We will have children in the cardiac wards continuously monitored with small wireless sensors. We will combine their vital sign information with other risks related to their general health and display this combined early warning to doctors and nurses. When children are deteriorating they can quickly be identified, the required expert can be called to the bedside and, if necessary, the child could be moved to High Dependency or Intensive Care.This study is to establish that we can collect continuous remote monitoring and act on it to improve patient outcomes. The benefits to patients participating in this study will be reduced duration of stay in hospital and Intensive Care, reduced acute life-threatening events, and less anxiety about intermittent observations or deterioration.Beyond this project, we will take the technology to the rest of the hospital patients and then out of the hospital to patients at home and paramedics at the roadside.
What determines HIV self-test acceptability and uptake within the MSM community in Nairobi and its environs? A cross sectional study
Authors: Ndungu Kingori , Gichangi Peter , Temmerman Marleen
Published: September 2020

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus self-test (HIVST) refers to a process where a person collects his or her own specimen (blood or oral), performs a test and interprets the results. The interpretation of results can either be done in private or through support of a trusted partner. Self-test should be seen as screening and confirmatory test should be sort. Study Objective To determine facilitating factors for HIVST acceptability and uptake among MSM community. Methods: The researcher employed a cross-sectional exploratory study design, targeting men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nairobi. Adult men (aged 18-60 years) that reported to be actively engaging in anal or oral sex with men were eligible for the study. The researcher used purposive sampling to identify the sites where data was collected, snowballing technique was then employed to reach the respondents. Data was collected between July 2018-June 2019. A total of 391 MSM respondent were recruited to fill the self-administered questionnaires, 369 MSM completed the questionnaires (response rate = 94%). Results: There was a significant association between self-test and frequency of testing for HIV/AIDS at P-Value of 0.011. The respondents who had a positive result from the previous test were 16% and 80% of the respondents would seek confirmatory test, if tested HIV positive through HIVST. There was also a significant association between respondents who had never tested using self-test kits and the need for a testing “buddy” with a P- Value of 0.014. Fifty nine percent of the respondents would prefer blood sample test kits. High cost of the self-test kits and inadequate knowledge on the use of HIV self-test kits were the main hindrances to HIVST uptake. Conclusions: A significant number of MSM community in Kenya are willing to use HIVST and are likely to seek for care within 30 days and this is a good indicator of linkage. Blood sample kits are more preferred. Key facilitating factors for HIVST uptake include; awareness creation on HIVST, training on usage of kits, emphasis on testing ‘buddy” for first time testers and reduction on cost of the kits.
Determinants of low APGAR score in newborns delivered at Lemlem Karl general hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2018: a case control study
Authors: Gebremedhin Mussie Mulugeta , Gebremichael Mengistu Welday , Gebremichael Berhane Gebreegizabiher , Reda Mihrete-ab Mehari , Hailu Tesfay Adhena , Gebremeskel Gebrekiros Aregawi , Tlaye Kenean Getaneh , Meikena Henok Kumsa , Yimer Nigus Bililign
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: The Apgar score is a method to quickly summarize the health of newborn children. It establishes a simple and clear classification of newborns, which could be used to predict survival and to compare methods of resuscitation and perinatal experience across hospitals and obstetric practices. Low Apgar score is associated with various immediate and long-term adverse health outcomes of newborns. Hence; in order to decrease the risk/complications, identifying the determinant factors of low Apgar is crucial to act on the modifiable risk factors. This study is aimed to investigate the determinant factors of a low Apgar score in newborn children.METHOD: The study was conducted in Lemelem Karl general hospital; northern Ethiopia. An institutional-based unmatched, case-control study was implemented. Data were retrieved from medical charts of 662 newborns’ mothers who gave birth in the hospital from Sep 2014 to Sep 2017. Among these, 221 of them were cases (charts of mothers whose newborns’ fifth minute Apgar score was <7) and 441 of them were controls (charts of mothers whose newborns’ Apgar score was 7 and above). Data was collected using a pretested and structured checklist using systematic sampling and data was entered & analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was done to determine the association and statistical significance was declared at P-value of ≤0.05. RESULTS: This study revealed that low Apgar score was significantly associated with antepartum hemorrhage [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.509; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.526-8.067), P= 0.003], pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders [AOR 2.69; 95% CI (1.351-5.357), P= 0.005], prolonged second stage of labor [AOR 2.63; 95% CI (1.399-4.944), P= 0.003], Cesarean delivery [AOR 2.005; 95%CI (1.223-3.287), P= 0.006],meconium-stained liquor [AOR 6.955; 95% CI (3.721-13.001), P<0.001], and low birth weight [AOR 4.38; 95% CI (2.216-8.657), P<0.001].CONCLUSION: Result from this study showed a remarkable linkage of low Apgar score with antepartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, meconium-stained liquor, and low birth weight. Therefore, meticulous antenatal care and labour management service are recommended to prevent low Apgar score and the concomitant neonatal death.
Repellent effect of the caraway Carum carvi L. on the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Kłyś Małgorzata , Izdebska Aleksandra , Malejky-Kłusek Natalia
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to check whether Carum carvi L. essential oil and L-carvone act on Sitophilus oryzae L. as repellents and/or insecticides, in what concentrations and after what time. ResultsCaraway essential oil and L-carvone the highest repellency showed not in the highest concentrations used in the tests (1%), but in lower concentrations, respectively 0.5% and 0.1%. Caraway essential oil in all used concentrations showed repellent effects on S. oryzae. The highest repellency (60-98%) caused caraway essential oil in concentration 0.5% after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h of the research. The highest repellence of L-carvone (16-100%) resulted in concentration 0.1%. The highest mortality of S. oryzae caused 0.5% caraway essential oil.
Enhancing rhamnolipids production and exploring the mechanism of low-foaming fermentation under weakly acidic conditions
Authors: Gong Zhijin , Yang Ge , Che Chengchuan , Liu Jinfeng , Si Meiru , He Qiuhong
Published: September 2020

The commercial applications of rhamnolipids have seriously been impeded by the high cost of production caused by severe foaming. Effective low-foaming fermentation and mechanism study have become the most urgent requirement for the larger-scale rhamnolipids production. In this study, the low-foaming fermentation of rhamnolipids is realized by controlling fermentation at pH 5.5. Further, the rhamnolipids production is enhanced 0.9-fold by ultraviolet and ethyl methanesulfonate composite mutagenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to enhance production of rhamnolipids by strain improvement under weakly acidic conditions. The mechanism exploration tests indicated that increasing surface tension and decreasing viscosity are conducive to reducing foaming ability of rhamnolipids fermentation. The decrease of negatively charged ions may weaken the electrostatic repulsion between charged substances adsorbed on membranes of bubbles such as rhamnolipids and cells, making liquid membranes prone to rupture. In addition, the vesicle or lamellar structures of rhamnolipids are formed under pH 5.0-6.0, weakening the foaming ability of rhamnolipids. The work reveals promising potentiality by genetic modification to enhance rhamnolipids production and is conducive to understanding the pH-associated foaming behavior as well as developing the more effective pH-associated control strategies for large-scale rhamnolipids production under weakly acidic conditions.
Perceived Support in the Shadow of Death: Near-Miss Mothers' Experience of Being Supported
Authors: Abdollahpour Sedigheh , Heydari Abbas , Ebrahimipour Hosein , Faridhoseini Farhad , Khadivzadeh Talat
Published: September 2020

Background: A maternal near miss (MNM) is an event in which a pregnant woman comes close to maternal death, but does not die. The aim of this study was therefore to understanding meaning of NMM lived experiences of being supported on the social and cultural context of Iran. Methods: This qualitative study utilized a hermeneutic phenomenology study. The study was conducted in in multicenter hospitals, where usually handle the NMMs. The sampling was purposeful with maximum variation of eleven NMM. Data collection used unstructured in-depth interview that analyzed with Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner analysis approach. Results: The two main themes emerging from the data were "Perceived Social Support" and "Perceived Care Support". 910 code, eleven sub sub-theme, six sub-themes emerged, and they were grouped into two themes that help us to understand the experience of MNM mothers from supporting. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that mother's experience of supporting, can be effective in reducing the psychological-emotional, social, economic, and cultural burden of pregnancy and childbirth complications, and future planning should aim to reduce such complications based on mother’s support. Therefore, targeted training programs, especially for the spouse, family, and medical team can be of great help to millions of near-miss mothers.
Incremental Prognostic Value of Ankle-Brachial Index in High Atherosclerosis Risk Patients: Prediction model assessment on ABILITIES Study
Authors: Cang Yan , Xu Shaojie , Ju Jingyi , Zhang Jingyin , Chen Zijun , Wang Keke , Li Jue , Xu Yawei
Published: September 2020

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated association between ankle–brachial index (ABI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and confirmed patients with high atherosclerotic risk (AR) had worse prognosis. But after controlling traditional risks, the prognostic value of ABI with all-cause mortality and CVD-cause mortality remains unclarified, especially lack of prediction model assessment.
Methods

2988 valid participants were separated into 0-0.40, 0.41–0.89, 0.90–0.99, and 1.00-1.40 four ABI subgroups, and followed up by six year. Factors related to all-cause mortality and CVD-cause mortality were observed by multivariate Cox regression analysis, log-rank test and nomogram. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore relationship with ABI and mortality. Incremental discrimination was evaluated by net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results

RCS and Kaplan–Meier survival curve all manifested abnormal ABI levels increased mortality. Compare with normal value, among 0-0.40 and 0.41–0.89 subgroup, adjusted HR of all-cause mortality was 2.12, 95% CI (1.63–3.17), and 2.06, 95% CI (1.35–2.90), respectively. HR of CVD-cuase mortality was 2.39, 95% CI (2.41–3.09), and 2.29, 95% CI (1.83–2.87), respectively. RCS presented reverse J-shaped relationship with ABI and mortality. Nomogram indicated ABI as a strong risk, occupied the second weight. Adding ABI to traditional AR model, NRI, IDI, and DCA was 0.11, 0.12, and 0.18, respectively.
Conclusion

Combining ABI with traditional AR can improve all-cause mortality and CVD mortality prediction. Routine ABI evaluation and intensive intervention were pressing needed, especially in high AR patients.
Intestinal Absorption of Geniposide and Inhibition of Transporter-P-GP Across the Caco-2 Monolayer
Authors: Bu Yanhong , wu hong , Sun MingHui , Zhang Heng , Deng Ran , Wang Yan
Published: September 2020

Background: Geniposide (GE) is the main bioactive component of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and anti-angiogenesis. GE has low absolute bioavailability after oral administration, and speculated that GE might have an effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) described in our previous study. However, intestinal absorption characteristics involved in the Caco-2 cells of GE are still unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate absorption mechanisms of GE and the effects on P-gp. Methods: By establishing the Caco-2 cells model and HPLC method, bidirectional transport of GE in the different conditions and the presence of P-gp inhibitors－verapamil were conducted to observe its absorption mechanisms. Transport assays of digoxin, a P-gp substrate, were also performed in the presence of GE or verapamil. The effects of GE on the function and expression of P-gp were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot using rhodamine-123 (rho-123) and the antibody, respectively. Results: Both absorption and secretion of GE were positively correlated with concentration and time at Caco-2 cell monolayer. The Papp of bidirectional transport was decreased in low temperature and the Papp(BL-AP) of GE decreased significantly in the presence of verapamil. Meanwhile, the ER value was higher than 1.5. In addition, in the bidirectional transport of digoxin, the values of Papp(BL-AP) and ER decreased significantly in the presence of GE, just like verapamil. GE increased the intracellular accumulation of rho-123 and also have a significant decrease on P-gp expression. Conclusion: Transepithelial transport mechanism of GE in Caco-2 cell monolayer is mainly passive diffusion and P-gp mediated active transportation. GE was a potential inhibitor of P-gp, can inhibit transport of digoxin and the function and expression of P-gp.
An Analysis of Mangrove Forest Damage Due to Illegal Logging and Its Effect on Carbon Stock and Absorption in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rudianto Rudianto , Bengen Dietrich G
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMangroves are extraordinary forests. They can protect the beach preventing soil erosion, and absorb and store carbon dioxide. Therefore, mangrove forests help decrease the concentration of carbon dioxide and a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere [1]. Mangroves are very efficient carbon sinks and store it in large quantities in the form of biomass and sediments for a long time [2]. The destruction of mangrove forests occurs because of the increasingly intensive land changes for the construction of settlements in coastal areas for both low-income and high-income populations. Also, the in-optimal management of mangrove forests by the government and the community leads to their damage. It means, the management system being implemented is not in tune with scientific findings.ResultsThe destruction of mangrove forests in East Java has occurred due to the intensification of land conversion. Accordingly, the average carbon sequestration and storage by mangroves in East Java can be classified as moderate to low. Illegal logging is the leading cause, so there needs to be a clear policy that involves the government and the community.ConclusionA strategy formulation to prevent illegal logging and increase carbon sequestration and storage has to be carried out in such a way that those responsible for the damage also compensate for it. Every community member must participate in the decision-making processes and the protection and management of mangrove forests.
BMI is an Independent Risk Factor for New-onset Asymptomatic Gallbladder Stone Disease in Overweight Population: A Case-control Study in Northwest China
Authors: Sheng Bin-Wu , Zhang Jianqin , Ma Mao , Zhao qingbin
Published: September 2020

Background: This case-control study aimed to assess associations of overweight/obesity with gallbladder stone disease (GSD).Methods: We enrolled 345 new-onset asymptomatic GSD and 690 healthy controls who had undergone annual health check-ups at the Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, in 2012-2017. Height, weight, blood pressure, serum lipid indexes and fasting blood glucose were assessed, and associations were determined by logistic multivariate regression analysis.Results: In overweight subjects, WC, BMI, WHtR, LDL-c and FBG showed significant positive correlations with GSD in univariate analysis, while HDL-c had a significant negative correlation (all P<0.05); in multivariate analysis, BMI (OR=37.738, P<0.001), WHtR (OR=1.128, P=0.042), LDL-c (OR=1.551, P=0.014) and FBG (OR=1.463, P=0.017) were significant risk factors, while HDL-c (OR=0.193, P<0.001) was a protective factor for GSD. In obese individuals, WC, BMI, WHtR, TG, LDL-c, and NAFLD showed significant positive correlations with GSD in univariate analysis, while HDL-c had a significant negative correlation (all P<0.05); BMI (OR=0.384, P=0.001) and HDL-c (OR=0.034, P<0.001) were protective factors, while WHtR (OR=2.863, P<0.001) and NAFLD (OR=4.730, P=0.037) were significant risk factors.Conclusion: BMI is an independent risk factor for new-onset asymptomatic GSD in overweight population. Meanwhile, obesity is associated with asymptomatic GSD formation with concurrent hyperlipidemia and NAFLD.
Elevated Serum Lipase Levels as a Marker of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Okada Rieko , Okada Takashi , Okada Akira , Wakai Kenji
Published: September 2020

Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a well-established premalignant pancreatic lesion. It is known that mild hyperlipasemia, elevated serum lipase levels, is the risk of malignancy and poor prognosis in patients with IPMN. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether hyperlipasemia is useful in identifying patients with IPMN. Methods: The consecutive 91 patients aged 40-89 years who underwent magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) from 2016 to 2019 and who showed elevated serum lipase values above the reference range (>51 U/L) in one year were enrolled. Patients were categorized into three as having IPMN, other pancreatic cystic lesion, and non-cysts groups by MRCP. Results: IPMN was found in 22% and other pancreatic cystic lesion was found in 17% of patients. The prevalence of IPMN was higher in patients with mild hyperlipasemia (60-79 U/L) compared to those with borderline hyperlipasemia (<60 U/L) (36% vs. 17%; odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-22.4). Patients taking H2-blockers or weight loss >1kg/year also showed higher risk of IPMN (39% vs. 15% and 32% vs. 19%, respectively), and patients with both mild hyperlipasemia and taking H2-blockers showed the highest risk of IPMN compared to those with neither of them (75% vs. 13%). Conclusions: Patients with mild hyperlipasemia showed five times higher risk of having IPMN compared to those with borderline hyperlipasemia. Further investigation with MRCP should be considered for patients with mild hyperlipasemia, especially when they had episodes of epigastric discomfort or weight loss, to find high risk patients for future pancreatic carcinoma.
A HERO for Stroke Patients: a new hand exoskeleton 3D printed on textiles for rehabilitation
Authors: Araujo Rommel Soares de , Silva Camille Reategui , Netto Severino Peixoto Nunes , Morya Edgard , Brasil Fabricio Lima
Published: September 2020

Background: Stroke survivors can be affected by motor deficits in the hand. Robotic equipment associated with brain-machine interfaces (BMI) may aid the motor rehabilitation of these patients. BMIs involving orthotic control by motor imagery practices have been successful in restoring stroke patients' movements. However, there is still little acceptance of the robotic devices available, either by patients and clinicians, mainly because of the high costs involved. Motivated by this context, the present work aims to design and construct the Hand Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation Objectives (HERO) to recover extension and flexion movements of the fingers. Methods: 3D printing technique in association with textiles was used to produce a lightweight and wearable device. 3D-printed actuators have also been designed to reduce equipment costs. The actuator transforms the torque of DC motors into linear force transmitted by Bowden cables to move the fingers passively. The exoskeleton was controlled by neuroelectric signal --- electroencephalography (EEG). Concept tests were performed to evaluate control performance. A healthy volunteer was submitted to a training block with the exoskeleton, according to the Graz-BCI protocol. Ergonomy was evaluated with a 2D tracking software. Results: The outcome of the applied manufacturing technique was aesthetically pleasing. HERO's glove can be compared to ordinary clothing. The weight over the hand was around 102 g. The volunteer was able to control the exoskeleton with 91.5\% accuracy. Conclusions: HERO's project resulted in a lightweight, simple, portable, ergonomic, and low-cost device. Its use is not restricted to a clinical setting. Thus, users will be able to execute motor training with the HERO at hospitals, rehabilitation clinics, and home, increasing the rehabilitation intervention time. This may favor motor rehabilitation and improve the life quality of stroke survivors.
Sec24C mediates a Golgi-independent trafficking pathway that is required for tonoplast localization of ABCC1 and ABCC2
Authors: Lv Qiao-Yan , Gao Yi-Qun , Wang Ya-Ling , Zhang Chu-Ying , Chao Zhen-Fei , Zhong Li-Yuan , Han Mei-Ling , Chao Dai-Yin
Published: September 2020

Protein sorting is an essential biological process in all organisms. Trafficking membrane proteins generally relies on the sorting machinery of the Golgi apparatus. However, many proteins have been found to be delivered to target locations via Golgi-independent pathways, but the mechanisms underlying this delivery system remain unknown. Here, we report that Sec24C, a component of coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, mediates the direct secretory trafficking of the phytochelatin transporters ABCC1 and ABCC2 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to prevacuolar compartments (PVCs). After performing a genetic screening, we found that Sec24C loss-of-function mutants are hypersensitive to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) treatments due to mislocalization of ABCC1 and ABCC2, which results in defects in the vacuole compartmentalization of the toxic metals. Further studies showed that Sec24C recognizes ABCC1 and ABCC2 through direct interactions to mediate their exit from the ER to PVCs in a Golgi-independent manner. These findings expand our understanding of Golgi-independent trafficking as well as COPII vesicles.
Hypertension Experience of Foreign-Born West African Immigrant Women in the United States: Access to and Utilization of Health Services
Authors: Ude Assumpta Onyinye , Schwab Michael
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of premature deaths in the United States. Hypertension is a commonly reported chronic disease in foreign-born-adult immigrants living in the United States, and psychosocial-cultural factors such as lack of health insurance and poor transportation services have been reported particularly among foreign-born immigrant women with hypertension and other chronic diseases. However, little is known about the socio-cultural factors that influence access to and utilization of hypertension health services in West-African-born immigrant women in the United States.MethodsThis study utilized a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach to interview a purposeful sample of fifteen West-African-born immigrant women that reported diagnosis of hypertension (12 with health insurance and 3 without health insurance) in the Washington District of Columbia Metropolitan area. The Patient Centered Access to Health Care Model guided the conceptual framework of the study. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and generate categories and themes.ResultsFive themes emerged from the analysis: Health Insurance Coverage, Frequency of Hypertension Care Visits, Interaction with HCP, Culturally Sensitive HCP, and HTN Self-Care Incentives. Eighty percent of participants had medical insurance and transportation services, but delayed seeking HTN care because their health care providers did not listen to their concerns or discuss their preferences before prescribing treatment. More than 60 percent of the women reported that clinicians did not listen to their concerns or provide culturally appropriate guidance during their visits.ConclusionsThese findings could be helpful for larger scale studies, or smaller comparative studies in other regions of the United States. Cultural competence training should be included in the continuing education curriculum of healthcare providers serving the West-African-born immigrant population.
CpG Island Methylator Phenotype(CIMP) is An Independent Prognostic Marker with Tumor-Promoting Functions in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Jiante , Hu Kepeng , Wu Chenchen , Cai Mao , Huang Chongjie , Qi Dansi , Li Changjia , Li Long , Hu Wanle , Yu Yaojun
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe CpG island methylator phenotype(CIMP)with extensive promoter methylation isa distinct epigenotype incolorectal cancer (CRC). Changes in microbiota and epigenetic dysregulation mightbe the key underlying mechanism.MethodsTissueswith stages I–III cancerwere collected afterproctocolectomy. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried to determine the differences in microbiota.Subsequently,BRAF mutation,the statusof microsatellite instability (MSI, also known as mismatch repair deficiency) and CIMP were also tested. The Chi-square test was carriedoutto analyze the relationship between molecular changes (MSI and CIMP) and the development of CRC.ResultsPatients in the three groups differed in thetumorlocation(P=0.034) and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P=0.036).The positive CIMP and MSI-LOW/MSS were more common in the worse prognosis groups.The Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses indicated that CIMP and MSI were the independent indicators of poor survival since the positive rates of which were significantly higher in the non-survival group. Besides, there were differences in microbiota among tumor tissues of different prognoses, with the Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis more abundant in the worse prognosis groups.Conclusion﻿The persistent epigenetic changes influence the prognosis of patients with CRC and the composition of the gut microbiota might be the cause.
Water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen by non-traditional redox inactive zinc selenolate electrocatalyst
Authors: Upadhyay Aditya , KV Saurav , Kumar Manish , Varghese Evelin , Hodage Ananda , Paul Amit , Srinivasan  , Kumar Sangit
Published: September 2020

The development of alternative energy sources is the utmost priority of the developing society. Unlike many prior homogenous electrocatalysts that rely on the change in an oxidation state of metal center and or electrochemically active ligand, the synthesized novel bimetallic zinc selenolate complex consisting of redox inactive zinc metal ion and catalytically inactive ligand catalyzes the electrochemical oxygen evolution from the water with rate constant 7.28 s-1 at onset potential 1.028 V vs. NHE. On the other hand, the hydrogen evolution reaction proceeds with 47.32 s-1 observed rate constant and -0.256 V onset potential vs. NHE. DFT computations and control experiments suggest that the redox chemistry at selenium center, Lewis acidity, and cooperativity effect of two zinc atoms facilitate the electrochemical oxidation and reduction of water into oxygen and hydrogen, respectively.
Comparative analysis of bHLH transcription factors in five Rosaceae species, and expression analysis of PbbHLHs in response to drought stress in pear
Authors: Kou Xiaobing , Xiong Changlong , Wang Danqi , Sun Yangyang , Wang Peng , Wu Juyou , Zhang ShaoLing
Published: September 2020

Background

The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor family plays important roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, informations about bHLH in rosaceous fruit species are still limited.
Results

In this study, a total of 198 PbbHLH genes were identified in the pear, with 188 bHLH genes in apple, 129 bHLH genes in peach, 112 in strawberry and 122 in Chinese plum. These Rosaceae bHLH genes, plus the 150 Arabidopsis thaliana bHLH genes, were divided into 34 groups, which included one Rosaceae-specific group. Evolutionary pattern analysis showed that whole-genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication played critical roles in expansion of the PbbHLH gene family. Ks value indicated that the two WGD duplication events (a recent WGD and an ancient WGD event) lead to the expansion of bHLH gene family. Tissue expression analysis shows that PbbHLHs may have diversity functions in different tissues. Furthermore, eight up-regulated and seven down-regulated PbbHLH genes were identified as the candidate genes in response to drought stress.
Conclusion

A comprehensive analysis of bHLH genes was performed in five Rosaceae species. The phylogenetic, evolution and expression analyses of the bHLH gene family in pear will be meaningful for investigating the biological roles of PbbHLH genes.
Prognostic and Risk Factors Analysis of 106 Patients Undergoing Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Combined with Cranioplasty
Authors: Chang Hongbo , Gao Ming , Cao Wei-Dong , Zhao Hu-Lin , Cheng Gang , Guo Sheng-Li , Wang Peng , Zhang Jian-Ning
Published: September 2020

Background: The study is to summarize the therapeutic effect and long-term prognosis of ventriculoperitoneal shunt combined with cranioplasty, analyze the operation-related risk factors and common complications, and summarize the experience, so as to improve the safety of the operation.Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 106 patients diagnosed with post-operative skull loss with communicating hydrocephalus who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt combined with cranioplasty at our hospital. Age, gender, etiology, course of the disease, imaging manifestations, combined diseases, and prognosis of the patients were analyzed, as well as the risk factors and common complications of the operation.Results: Among the 106 patients, 62 were males, and 44 were females, with an age range from 17~67 years old. There were 72 cases of craniocerebral injury, 23 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, and 11 cases of intracranial aneurysm rupture. There were 84 patients with a course of disease ≤3 months during operation, and 22 patients with a course of disease > 3 months. There were 71 cases with GCS score ≤8, and 35 cases with GCS score > 8. There were 10 patients with skull base fracture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and 24 patients with severe hydrocephalus. Among the 106 patients, 79 showed improvement after the operation, 24 showed no significant improvement, and 3 underwent the second operation due to aggravated condition. Most of the patients with poor prognosis were patients with GCS score ≤8 points at the time of surgery, patients with previous skull base fracture and CSF rhinorrhea, patients with intraoperative hemorrhage > 800ml, and patients with post-operative body temperature over 39 °C. Conclusions: Our results revealed that ventriculoperitoneal shunt, combined with cranioplasty, is a useful approach. For patients with a high risk of operation, condition assessment, and monitoring should be strengthened. For patients with fever combined with infection or cerebral hemorrhage after the operation, active surgical treatment should be performed. Trial registration: Not applicable
An 8-Week Freeze-Dried Blueberry Supplement Impacts Immune-Related Pathways: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Rousseau Michèle , Horne Justine , Guénard Frédéric , Toro-Martín Juan de , Garneau Véronique , Guay Valérie , Kearney Michèle , Pilon Geneviève , Roy Denis , Couture Patrick , Couillard Charles , Marette André , Vohl Marie-Claude
Published: September 2020

Background: Blueberries contain high level of polyphenolic compounds with high in vitro antioxidant capacities. Their consumption has been associated with improved vascular and metabolic health.Purpose: The objective was to examine the effects of blueberry supplement consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters and potential underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled intervention trial was conducted in adults at risk of developing MetS. Participants consumed 50g daily of either a freeze-dried highbush blueberry powder (BBP) or a placebo powder for 8 weeks (n=49). MetS phenotypes were assessed at week 0, 4 and 8. Fasting blood gene expression profiles and plasma metabolomic profiles were examined at baseline and week 8 to assess metabolic changes occurring in response to the BBP. A per-protocol analysis was used. Results: Interaction effects were non-significant demonstrating that compared to the placebo, BBP had no statistically significant effect on body weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma lipid, insulin and glucose levels, insulin resistance (or sensitivity) and on glycated hemoglobin concentrations. However, there were significant within- and between-group differences including increased insulin resistance in the placebo group only, greater TG at week 4 in the BBP compared to placebo group and increased fasting insulin from week 4 to 8 in both groups. Moreover, there were significant changes in the expression of 49 genes and 35 metabolites following BBP consumption. Differentially regulated genes were clustered in immune-related pathways.Conclusion: An 8-week BBP intervention did not significantly improve traditional markers of cardiometabolic health in adults at risk of developing MetS. However, metabolically relevant changes in gene expression and metabolites suggest that clinically significant cardiometabolic changes could take longer than 8 weeks to present and/or could result from whole blueberry consumption or a higher dosage. BBP may also have an effect on factors such as immunity even within a shorter 8-week timeframe. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03266055, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03266055?term=blueberry+vohl&draw=2&rank=1
Galectin-1 ameliorates perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice
Authors: Wu Yi , Song Wen , Shen Zhiwen , Zhi Yaowei , Wu Guiyun , Li YuJuan , Li Junhua
Published: September 2020

Background

The incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is higher in the elderly patients undergoing surgery. Microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of PND. Galectin-1 has been identified as pivotal modulator in central nervous system (CNS), while the role of galectin-1 in PND induced by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is still undetermined.
Methods

An exploratory laparotomy model anesthetized with isoflurane was employed to investigate the role of galectin-1 on PND in aged mice. Open field test and Morris water maze were used to test the cognitive function 3 or 7 days after surgery. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the activation of microglia and neuronal integrity in the hippocampus of aged mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Results

Pretreatment with galectin-1 attenuated the cognitive dysfunction induced by surgery in aged mice and inhibited microglial activity. Moreover, galectin-1 decreased the expression level of inflammatory proteins (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), and disrupted neuronal integrity in hippocampus. Galectin-1 inhibited the inflammation of BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide via decreasing the translocation of c-Jun and NF-κB p65, while this kind of inhibition was rescued when overexpressing IRAK1.
Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence that galectin-1 may inhibit IRAK1 expression, thus suppressing inflammatory response, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and improving ensuing cognitive dysfunction. Collectively, these findings unveil that galectin-1 may elicit protective effect on surgery-induced neuroinflammation and neurocognitive disorders.