bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Efesiensi Daya Penerangan Jalan Umum Tenaga Surya di Kecamatan Pulau Ternate
Authors: Djufri Idham A , Muhammad Miftah
Published: January 2022

Solar Street Lighting a street lighting solution for areas or areas that are not within the PLN network area or for lighting efficiency using solar power. The use of public street lighting, although it has several advantages, there are still disadvantages in the field conditions, including the improper placement of the lighting so that it is blocked from sunlight, the use of inappropriate materials, unsuitable height of poles and lack of maintenance which results in not optimal utilization of solar energy. In this study, an analysis of the power efficiency of solar street lighting in the District of Ternate Island will be carried out by conducting direct observations and measurements in the field. The results showed that the maximum voltage for street lamps that were not blocked by trees was 23 volts, while those that were blocked by trees were 19 volts. The lighting strength of the street lights that are blocked by trees is 9 lux, while those that are not blocked by trees are 10 lux. The amount of input voltage for the solar panels affects the strength of the lamp lighting
Dinâmica dos sistemas agroflorestais com as sinergias socioeconômicas e ambientais: caso dos cooperados nipo-paraenses da cooperativa agrícola mista de Tomé-Açu, Pará
Authors: Campos Marcus Victor Almeida , Homma Alfredo Kingo Oyama , Menezes Antônio José Elias Amorim de , Filgueiras Gisalda Carvalho , Martins Walmer Bruno Rocha
Published: January 2022

O grande dilema na agricultura frente aos problemas socioambientais é alcançar a racionalização do dinâmico processo produtivo através da incorporação de novas tecnologias, redução dos custos de produção (mantendo níveis desejáveis de produtividade) e diminuição dos impactos ambientais, aliado a geração de maiores benefícios sociais. O presente estudo tem por objetivo principal avaliar a dinâmica dos sistemas agroflorestais dos cooperados descendentes de japoneses da Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de Tomé-Açu (CAMTA) no período de 1974 até 2020. Os dados de produção e valor da produção foram obtidos através da plataforma SIDRA e no site do Censo Agropecuário 2017. As espécies analisados no presente estudo são: açaízeiro, aceroleira, cacaueiro, cupuaçuzeiro, maracujazeiro, pimenteira-do-reino e pitaya. Outro meio de coleta de dados foram os Relatórios Anuais da CAMTA, mais especificamente, avaliando o período de 1974 até o ano de 2020, a partir  destes dados foi analisado o comportamento do percentual do valor de produção, ou seja, quanto em porcentagem cada espécies contribuiu para a renda total da cooperativa em um determinado ano. Para análise de dados foi utilizado o software Microsoft Office Excel 2019 para a elaboração de tabelas, e de gráficos de linha para melhor representarem o comportamento da porcentagem ao decorrer do tempo.
Ação educativa sobre o rastreamento precoce do câncer de colo de útero: relato de experiência
Authors: Miranda Larissa Duarte , Sandim Gabriela Marsola , Santos Larissa Freitas , Moraes Manuela Evangelista , Cruz Maria do Socorro da , Silva Lorrane Santos , Valois Rubenilson Caldas
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: relatar experiência de acadêmicas do curso de enfermagem ao participarem de uma ação educativa, realizando atividades educativas em saúde com mulheres de 25 a 64 anos, na ESF Mangueirão a respeito do rastreamento precoce do câncer de colo de útero, o grupo participante foi composto por 9 mulheres. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. Resultado: A ação foi desenvolvida após o levantamento de dados sobre o referido assunto, mediante as estratégias de explicar de forma concisa a temática, para o desenvolvimento da ação foi utilizado um instrumento educativo em forma de banner com informações pertinentes sobre o tema e uma dinâmica interativa de perguntas e respostas com auxílio de placas com sinais positivo e negativo sinalizando evidentemente a compreensão das participantes sobre o assunto abordado. Conclusão: desta forma através da atividade educativa realizada obtivemos grande participação do público-alvo com levantamento de dúvidas sobre o câncer de colo do útero, exame de Papanicolau e também questões relacionadas à sexualidade e ao corpo feminino. A atividade ocorreu de forma expositivo-participativa e de grande aprendizado pela equipe de acadêmicos como para a população-alvo.
A new atraumatic temporomandibular joint dislocation reduction technique. Note preview
Authors: Pelissaro Gustavo Silva , Jardim Ellen Cristina Gaetti , Mendonça Jose Carlos Garcia de , Paiva-Oliveira Janayna Gomes , Santos Muryllo Eduardo Sales dos , Aguillera Maisa de Oliveira , Figueiredo Francielly Thomas
Published: January 2022

In light of the new coronavirus pandemic, emotional temporomandibular joint disorders have become more common. As a result, abnormal wear of the bones and cartilages in this joint may favor the triggering of temporomandibular dislocations. This technical note describes a new atraumatic method for reducing temporomandibular dislocation, with advantages over the traditional Nelaton maneuver. The corresponding author states that he has been using this technique for over 20 years in Brazilian public hospitals with absolute success. The note is original and has never been submitted, in full or in part, to any journal. This work aims to present an innovative technique, easy to perform and free of cost, in order to facilitate the reduction of temporomandibular dislocations.
Panorama epidemiológico da Hanseníase, doença tropical negligenciada que assola o nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Ribeiro Dannyel Macedo , Lima Bruna Vanessa Miranda , Marcos Eliene Aparecida Cerqueira , Santos Maria Eduarda Cunha dos , Oliveira Dyonatan Vieira , Araújo Mariana Barbosa de , Silva César Augusto da
Published: January 2022

As doenças negligenciadas constituem um conjunto de doenças que não só prevalecem em condições de pobreza mas contribuem para a manutenção da desigualdade do país. O objetivo foi apresentar dados epidemiológicos sobre a hanseníase no Nordeste Brasileiro, tratando de questões determinantes da doença na região, tais como sexo, escolaridade e outros; de forma a auxiliar o aprimoramento e planejamento das estratégias de combate à disseminação da infeção no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, retrospectivo, quantitativo e descritivo dos casos confirmados e notificados de hanseníase na região Nordeste brasileira, no período de 2011 a 2020. A análise dos dados disponíveis no sistema TABNET/DATASUS no período de 2011 a 2020 foram confirmados e notificados 121.606 novos casos de hanseníase na região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo a região com maior número de casos do país. O número de hanseníase na região Nordeste foi de 285.570 casos, verificou-se que tal região é responsável por quase metade do total de casos da doença no Brasil (43%). Apesar de ações desenvolvidas com o intuito de minimizar a hanseníase como problema de saúde pública no país, a distribuição desigual desta doença que persiste e demonstra uma realidade de falta de equidade no Sistema de Saúde Nacional. É notório a necessidade de programas voltados para a assistência em saúde e orientação da população quanto a essa infecção negligenciada e cercada de discriminação.
The need for long-term population monitoring of the world’s largest fish
Authors: Rohner CA , Venables SK , Cochran JEM , Prebble CEM , Kuguru BL , Berumen ML , Pierce SJ
Published: January 2022

Many large marine species are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, and substantial declines have been documented across a range of taxa. Many of these species are also long-lived, have low individual resighting rates and high levels of individual heterogeneity in capture probability, which complicates assessments of their conservation status with capture-�mark-�recapture (CMR) models. Few studies have been able to apply CMR models to whale sharks Rhincodon typus, the world’s largest fish. One of their aggregation sites off Mafia Island in Tanzania is characterised by unusually high residency of this Endangered species, making it an ideal target for CMR methods. Three different CMR models were fitted to an 8 yr photo-identification data set to estimate abundance, population trend and demographic parameters. As anticipated, resighting rates were unusually high compared to other aggregations. Different CMR models produced broadly similar parameter estimates, showing a stable population trend with high survivorship and limited recruitment. Tagging and biopsy sampling for concurrent research did not negatively affect those sharks’ apparent survival or capture probabilities. Scenario-based power analyses showed that only pronounced abundance trends (±30%) would be detectable over our study period, at a 90% level of probability, even with the relatively high precision in yearly abundance estimates achieved here. Other, more transient whale shark aggregations, with reduced precision in abundance estimates, may only be able to confidently detect a similar trend with CMR models after 15-20 yr of observations. Precautionary management and long-term monitoring will be required to assist and document the recovery of this iconic species.
Defter, Kayıt ve Belgeleri Gizleme Suçunda Cezai Sorumluluk
Authors: ÜMİT Ceyda
Published: January 2022

VUK 359 (a) (2) maddesi kapsamında düzenlenen defter, kayıt ve belge gizleme eylemi, vergi ceza hukukunun tartışmalı alanlarındandır. Eylemin kendine özgü niteliği suç unsurlarının genel ceza hukuku ilkeleri ışığında vergi ceza hukukuna özgü kavramların dikkate alınmasıyla irdelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı; içtihat hukuku ışığında defter, belge, kayıt gizleme eyleminin tüm yönleriyle incelenmesiyle uygulamaya açıklık kazandırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, vergi ceza hukuku kapsamında eylemin düzenleniş amacı ve VUK ’ndaki yerine dair genel açıklamalar yapılmakta, suçun kurucu unsurları ve sübuta ilişkin esaslar irdelenmektedir. Ayrıca, defter, kayıt ve belge gizleme suçunda cezai sorumluluğun saptanmasında muhakeme aşamasında gözetilmesi gereken özellikli durumlar ve gereklilikler tartışılarak, daha iyi uygulamaya yönelik olarak VUK 359(a) (2) maddesi için bazı mevzuat değişikliği önerileri sunulmaktadır.
Birleştirilen Taşınmazlar Üzerindeki Hakların Yeni Taşınmaza Aktarılması
Authors: ÖNAY Işık , KARAŞAHİN Yasin Alperen
Published: January 2022

Taşınmazların birleştirilmesi, taşınmazların malik(ler)inin rızasına dayanıp dayanmamasına göre, iradi birleştirme ve zorunlu birleştirme olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Zorunlu birleştirmeler, özellikle imar mevzuatına dayanan arazi ve arsa düzenlemelerinde ve tarım arazilerinin toplulaştırılmasında söz konusu olmaktadır. Kamu hukuku kurallarına dayalı olarak idare tarafından alınan kararla yapılan bu tür birleştirmelerde, önceki taşınmazlar üzerindeki sınırlı ayni hakların ve şerh edilmiş kişisel hakların yeni taşınmaza aktarılması karmaşık sorunlar doğurabilmektedir. Türk Medeni Kanunu sadece birleştirilen taşınmazlar üzerindeki rehin haklarının yeni taşınmaza aktarılması ile ilgili düzenleme içermektedir. Tapu müdürlüklerinin uygulaması, bu hükmün yorum yoluyla belirlenen anlam ve amacına uygun değildir. Öğretide önerilen yöntem, söz konusu kanun hükmüne uygundur; ancak hem karmaşık hesaplamalar yapılmasını gerektirmekte hem de rehin hakları dışındaki hakların ve boş rehin derecelerinin aktarılması konusunda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu makalede, birleştirme sonucunda oluşan taşınmaz üzerinde her hâlükârda (birleştirilen taşınmazların mülkiyeti aynı kişiye ait olsa bile) paylı mülkiyet kurulması ve önceki taşınmazlar üzerindeki hakların mümkün olduğu ölçüde o taşınmazların yerini alan paylara aktarılması önerilmektedir.
Türk ve Avrupa Birliği Hukukunda Ürün Sorumluluğu
Authors: POLAT Cemre
Published: January 2022

12.03.2021'de yürürlüğe giren 7223 sayılı Ürün Güvenliği ve Teknik Düzenlemeler Kanunu’nun 6. maddesinde ürün sorumluluğuna yer verilmiştir. Kanun koyucu bu hükümle, 85/374/AET Ürün Sorumluluğu Yönergesi’nde öngörülen ürün sorumluluğu rejimini Türk hukukuna aktarmayı amaçlamıştır. Ancak ürün sorumluluğunun bu Kanunda düzenlenmesi isabetsiz olmuştur. Zira Kanun, adı, amacı, kapsamı ve çoğunluk hükümleri itibariyle ürün güvenliğine ilişkindir. Bu isabetsizliğin sonucu olarak, terim ve tanımlar başta olmak üzere, 7223 sayılı Kanun pek çok yönden sorun arz etmektedir. Bu makalede, Kanunda düzenlenen ürün sorumluluğu Yönerge ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenip gerekli görülen yerlerde çözüm önerilerinde bulunulacaktır.
Analisis Indeks Pencamaran Air Di Sungai Langkapa Kabupaten Bombana
Authors: Nasir Asrul , Sudia La Baco , Nur Ramadhan La Ode Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Sungai Langkapa merupakan sumber air baku yang digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih untuk penduduk Kabupaten Bombana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menetapkan status mutu air Sungai Langkapa  sebagai sumber air baku Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Bombana. Metode yang digunakan yaitu (1) analisis indeks pencemaran. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pada stasiun I diperoleh nilai indeks pencemaran sebesar 3,01, stasiun II sebesar 2,97 dan pada stasiun III sebesar 2,75. Beberapa parameter yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu kelas 1 yaitu DO dan BOD. Sehingga status mutu air Sungai Langkapa masuk klasifikasi cemar ringan. Kata Kunci ; Air, Sungai, Pencematan
Analisis Pengembangan Komoditas Unggulan Sub Sektor Hortikultura Di Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Angreini Nurlina , Rahim Manat , Salam Idrus
Published: January 2022

Komuditas unggulan pada suatu wilayah perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui komoditas basis di Kabupaten Konawe, (2) mengetahui ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan komoditas unggulan subsektor hortikultura, (3) mendapatkan informasi tentang kelayakan usahatani komoditas unggulan, dan (4) mengetahui strategi pengembangan komoditas unggulan sub sektor hortikultura di Kabupaten Konawe. Metode yang digunakan yaitu (1) Loqation Question (LQ) dan Dinamyc Location Question (DLQ), (2) analisis spasial, (3) R/C ratio, dan (4) SWOT. Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) cabai rawit merupakan komoditi unggulan nasional subsektor hortikultura dengan nilai LQ dan DLQ rata-rata tahun 2015-2019 yakni 1,35 dan 7,69 dengan kriteria basis dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan, (2) potensi lahan yang tersedia seluas 2901,59 ha atau 46,19 %, (3) Usahatani cabai rawit di Kabupaten Konawe juga layak untuk dikembangkan dengan nilai kelayakan R/C ratio yakni 2,40, (4) Strategi pengembangan komoditas unggulan dapat dilakukan dengan perluasan lahan dan areal tanam komoditas unggulan, peningkatan kemandirian petani melalui pembinaan dan penyuluhan, pemanfaatan keterampilan dan pengalaman petani dalam meningkatkan produksi yang berkualitas, bersaing di pasaran serta dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan permintaan konsumen, serta pengembangan kawasan komoditas unggulan berdasarkan potensi wilayah. Kata Kunci : holtikultura, komuditas unggulan, pengembangan
Dampak Pelabuhan Bungkutoko Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Dikawasan Pelabuhan
Authors: Hardianti Hardianti , Widayati Weka , Muh. Magribi La ode
Published: January 2022

Abstrach: The purpose of this study is to (1) analyze the differences in the socio- economic conditions of the community before and after the existence of Bungkutoko Port, (2) Mapping the existence of Bungkutoko Port. The population in this study were 552 households in Bungkutoko Village. The sample of this research is 85 people in Bungkutoko Village. The results showed (1) There are differences in the socio-economic conditions of the community before and after the Bungkutoko Port. The existence of Bungkutoko Port has a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, which creates job opportunities, increases community income and improves environmental security. But on the other hand, Bungkutoko Port has not had a positive impact on education and public health. (2) Bungkutoko Port is in the administrative area of Bungkutoko Village, Nambo District, Kendari City. The existence of Bungkutoko Port not only has an impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, but also has an impact on infrastructure development in the local area.Keywords: Bungkutoko Port; Public; Socio-Economic ConditionKeberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko mempunyai dampak ikutan sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) Menganalisis perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan setelah adanya Pelabuhan Bungkutoko, (2) Memetakan keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kelurahan Bungkutoko berjumlah 552 kepala keluarga. Sampel penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kelurahan Bungkutoko berjumlah 85 kepala keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Terdapat perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan setelah adanya Pelabuhan Bungkutoko. Keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko berdampak positif terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, dimana terciptanya kesempatan kerja, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dan peningkatan keamanan lingkungan. Tetapi disisi lain, Pelabuhan Bungkutoko belum memberikan dampak positif bagi pendidikan dan kesehatan masyarakat. (2) Pelabuhan Bungkutoko berada diwilayah administrasi Kelurahan Bungkutoko Kecamatan Nambo Kota Kendari. Keberadaan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko tidak hanya berdampak terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, tetapi juga berdampak pada pengembangan infrastruktur diwilayah setempat. Kata Kunci: Pelabuhan Bungkutoko; Masyarakat; Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi
Interview with Milla Cozart Riggio, Angela Marino, and Paolo Vignolo
Authors: Allen Emily Ruth
Published: January 2022

Emily Ruth Allen interviews Milla Cozart Riggio, Angela Marino, and Paolo Vignolo on Festive Devils of the Americas (2015). Interview date: Feb 4, 2021

Milla Cozart Riggio is James J. Goodwin Professor of English Emerita at Trinity College. Angela Marino is Associate Professor in the Department of Theater, Dance, and Performance Studies at the University of California Berkeley. Paolo Vignolo is Associate Professor of History at the National University of Colombia, Bogota
Interview with Judith Mair
Authors: Allen Emily Ruth
Published: January 2022

Emily Ruth Allen interviews Judith Mair on The Routledge Handbook of Festivals (2018). Interview Date: Sep 7, 2020

Dr. Judith Mair is Associate Professor and Discipline Leader of the Tourism Discipline Group in the University of Queensland Business School
Interview with Rebecca Hope Dirksen
Authors: Machado Isabel
Published: January 2022

Isabel Machado interviews Rebecca Hope Dirksen on After the Dance, the Drums Are Heavy: Carnival, Politics, and Musical Engagement in Haiti (2020). Interview date: Mar 17, 2021

Dr. Rebecca Dirksen is an ethnomusicologist working across the spectrum of musical genres in Haiti and its diaspora. Her research concerns cultural approaches to development, crisis, and disaster; sacred ecologies, diverse environmentalisms, and ecomusicology; and applied/engaged/activist scholarship. She is a professor in the Department of Folklore and Ethnomusicology at Indiana University Bloomington and a founding member of the Diverse Environmentalisms Research Team (DERT).
Wurst Storm Rising
Authors: St John Graham , Vitos Botond
Published: January 2022

Our subject is the legacy of Dada implicit to the Burning Man phenomenon. Animate in the provocative output of fin-de-siècle French Symbolist writer and puppeteer Alfred Jarry, and filtered through the antics of the San Francisco Cacophony Society, Dada is foundational to the cultural aesthetic of Burning Man, by which we mean the event in Nevada’s Black Rock Desert playa (Black Rock City) and a global network of “burn” events. We address the significance of the Cacophony Society expedition that inaugurated the desert phase of Burning Man in 1990, “Zone Trip # 4: Bad Day at Black Rock.” Integral to the surreal tourism ventured by Cacophonists prior to the inception of Burning Man, and pivotal to its desert phase, the Zone Trip kindled “Burner” culture on the Black Rock playa and abroad. Exploring the Dadaist impulse affecting Black Rock City and woven into a worldwide network, informed by interpretative and applied methods, the article addresses art projects (including those designed and implemented by Vitos) at three regional events—Israel’s Midburn and Germany’s Burning Bär and Kiez Burn—visited in 2018 and 2019 as part of a multisited ethnography of the Burning Man movement. As these projects illustrate, the ghost of Jarry haunts, as the spirit of Dada animates, the transnational “burnscape.”
George IV’s Coronation as Festival
Authors: Kinsey Danielle
Published: January 2022

This article analyzes George IV’s coronation as a multisensory festive experience in order to understand the meanings of diamonds within British material culture in 1821. Reframing the coronation as a festival allows historical scholars to bridge the premodern/modern divide in early nineteenth-century historiography and demonstrates the ongoing centrality of festivals in consumer culture in the modern era. It also offers a vantage point from which to study sensory paradigm shifts and clashes that occurred in this context and evaluate diamonds in relation to other pieces of material culture outside of the confines of a formal marketplace. The article argues that the coronation shifted how diamonds were thought about in Britain, though this shift was subtle and deeply embedded in the turmoil of the moment. On a widespread scale, the event normalized the association of diamonds with monarchy, imperial power, and light, in ways that made diamonds seem like quotidian items. The article is based on accounts of the event in newspapers, periodicals, and official histories.
Pardos’ Triumph
Authors: Valerio Miguel
Published: January 2022

On September 13, 1745, the pardo (mixed-race Afro-Brazilian) brotherhood (lay Catholic association) of Nossa Senhora do Livramento (Our Lady of Emancipation) of Recife, Pernambuco, in collaboration with the pardo brotherhood of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe (Our Lady of Guadalupe) in neighboring Olinda, enthralled Pernambuco’s largest city with a great festival in honor of Blessed Gonçalo Garcia (1556–97). Like many colonial festivals, the festivities included fireworks, artillery salvos, five triumphal carts, seventeen allegorical floats, five different dance performances, and jousting. Yet never before had such an extravagant display of material wealth been made by an Afro-Brazilian brotherhood. The pardo irmãos (brotherhood members) had two important issues they wanted to settle once and for all with this festival. One was the question of Blessed Gonçalo’s pardoness, since the would-be-saint was the son of a Portuguese man and an East Indian woman, and pardoness in Brazil had been defined as the result of white–black miscegenation. The other issue was the popular notion that mixed-race Afro-Brazilians constituted colonial Brazil’s most deviant and unruly socioracial group. In this article, I analyze how mixed-race Afro-Brazilians used the material culture of early modern festivals to publicly articulate claims about their sacro-social prestige and socio-symbolic status. I contend that material culture played a central role in the pardo irmãos’ articulation of their devotion to Blessed Gonçalo and claims of sacro-social and socio-symbolic belonging, and that they used this material culture to challenge colonial notions about their ethnic group.
Dropouts From Sublingual Immunotherapy and the Transition to Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in House Dust Mite-Sensitized Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Chen Huan , Gong Guo-qing , Ding Mei , Dong Xiang , Sun Yuan-li , Wan Lang , Gao Ya-dong
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Both subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are effective in reducing symptoms and medication scores and inducing long-term efficacy in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, SLIT has been associated with poor patient adherence. This study investigates the factors impacting dropout rates from SLIT in house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized AR patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed to analyze dropout rates and reasons in AR patients receiving Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) SLIT with a follow-up period of 2 years.

Results: A total of 719 HDM-sensitized AR patients received Der f-SLIT. Dropout rates increased with time and most occurred after 1 year of SLIT. By month 24, 654 (91%) patients had discontinued SLIT. The dropout rates by month 24 were 100, 90.1, and 91.1% in children <5 years old, children aged 5–18 years old, and adults ≥ 18 years old, respectively. Combination with allergic asthma and mono- or multi-sensitization to other aeroallergens did not affect the dropout rates. The most common self-reported reasons for dropouts were refusal of continuation, dissatisfaction with the efficacy, transition to SCIT, and adverse effects. Refusal of continuation increased with age, whereas transition to SCIT decreased with age. Ninety-seven cases transitioned from SLIT to SCIT, and the transition rates increased with time. Comorbid allergic asthma did not affect the transition rates. However, multi-sensitization was associated with a slightly higher rate of transition to SCIT. The most common reason for the transition was dissatisfaction with the efficacy (54.6%), which was only reported by patients older than 5 years. For children who began SLIT at younger than 5 years old, the most common reason (81.2%) for transition was age reaching 5 years.

Conclusions: HDM-SLIT has a very high dropout rate, which is mainly due to refusal of continuation and dissatisfaction with the efficacy. Transitioning from SLIT to SCIT may help keep these patients on AIT and thus increase adherence and long-term efficacy.
Toward Multiplexed Optogenetic Circuits
Authors: Dwijayanti Ari , Zhang Congqiang , Poh Chueh Loo , Lautier Thomas
Published: January 2022

Owing to its ubiquity and easy availability in nature, light has been widely employed to control complex cellular behaviors. Light-sensitive proteins are the foundation to such diverse and multilevel adaptive regulations in a large range of organisms. Due to their remarkable properties and potential applications in engineered systems, exploration and engineering of natural light-sensitive proteins have significantly contributed to expand optogenetic toolboxes with tailor-made performances in synthetic genetic circuits. Progressively, more complex systems have been designed in which multiple photoreceptors, each sensing its dedicated wavelength, are combined to simultaneously coordinate cellular responses in a single cell. In this review, we highlight recent works and challenges on multiplexed optogenetic circuits in natural and engineered systems for a dynamic regulation breakthrough in biotechnological applications.
Discovery of Polyoxypregnane Derivatives From Aspidopterys obcordata With Their Potential Antitumor Activity
Authors: Guo Hong-Wei , Tian Yun-Gang , Liu Yi-Han , Huang Jia , Wang Jian-Xia , Long Hua , Wei Hua
Published: January 2022

The bioassay-guided phytochemical study of an ethnic medicinal plant Aspidopterys obcorda ta Hemsl. var. obcordata results in the isolation of eight new polyoxypregnane derivatives, named aspidatasides A–H (1–8), along with ten known analogs (9–18). The series polyoxypregnane derivatives were screened for their cytoxic activity against HL-60 cells, and compound 2 showed the highest potency with an IC50 8.03 μM. Preliminary structure–activity relationship studies displayed that the sugar chain and double bond could notably impact their biological activity.
Application of mNGS in the Etiological Diagnosis of Thoracic and Abdominal Infection in Patients With End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Zhang Ye , Zheng Jie , Shi Lei , He Yingli , Niu Yinghua , Lei Jine , Zhao Yingren , Xia Han , Chen Tianyan
Published: January 2022

Background

Despite the obvious advantages of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in etiological diagnosis of various infectious diseases, there are few reports on etiological diagnosis of suspected thoracic and abdominal infections in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD).

Methods

Seventy-three ESLD patients were enrolled from January 2019 to May 2021 due to suspected complicated thoracic and abdominal infections with poor response to empirical anti-infective treatment. Pleural effusion and ascites samples of these patients were collected for mNGS detection and conventional pathogen culture. The application value of mNGS in etiological diagnosis of thoracic and abdominal infections in ESLD patients was finally evaluated.

Results

A total of 96 pathogens were detected using mNGS method, including 47 bacteria, 32 viruses, 14 fungi, 2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 1 parasite. The positive rate of mNGS reached 42.5%, which was significantly higher than that of conventional culture method (21.9%) (p = 0.008). Considering neutrophil counts, the overall positive rate of bacteria detection of both methods in Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (PMN) ≥250/mm3 group was 64.3% and in PMN <250/mm3 group was 23.7%. Compared with the final clinical diagnosis, the agreement rate of mNGS in patients with positive bacteria detection and with suspected positive bacteria detection was 78.6% (11/14) and 44.4% (8/18), respectively. In addition, the agreement rate of mNGS was 66.7% (4/6, respectively) in patients with positive and suspected fungal detection. Interestingly, of the 11 patients with fungal detection, 5 had alcoholic liver disease, accounting for 45.5% of all patients with alcoholic liver disease. We also detected 32 strains of viruses using mNGS, mainly cytomegalovirus (62.5%).

Conclusions

The mNGS method is a useful supplement to conventional culture methods, which performs a higher positive rate, higher sensitivity, and broader pathogen spectrum, especially for rare pathogens and those difficult to culture. For ESLD patients, mNGS has great prospects in early etiological diagnosis of thoracic and abdominal infections. In addition, the cutoff values for the diagnosis of bacterial infection (PMN ≥250/mm3) in the thoracic and abdominal cavities may need to be redefined.
Cardiorespiratory Responses During High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed by Rating of Perceived Exertion in Patients After Myocardial Infarction Enrolled in Early Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Dun Yaoshan , Hammer Shane M. , Smith Joshua R. , MacGillivray Mary C. , Simmons Benjamin S. , Squires Ray W. , Liu Suixin , Olson Thomas P.
Published: January 2022

Objective: We aimed to determine the cardiorespiratory responses during, and adaptations to, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) during early outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods: We prospectively recruited 29 MI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention who began CR within 2 weeks after hospital discharge. Eleven patients (seven men; four women; age: 61 ± 11 yrs) who completed ≥24 supervised HIIT sessions with metabolic gas exchange measured during HIIT once weekly for 8 weeks and performed pre- and post- CR cardiopulmonary exercise tests were included in the study. Each HIIT session consisted of 5–8 high-intensity intervals [HIIs, 1-min RPE 14–17 (Borg 6–20 scale)] and low-intensity intervals (LIIs, 4-min RPE < 12). Metabolic gas exchange, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure during HIIT were measured.

Results: The mean oxygen uptake (V˙O2) during HIIs across 88 sessions of HIITs [91 (14)% of V˙O2peak, median (interquartile range, IQR)] was significantly higher than the lower limit of target V˙O2 zone (75% of V˙O2peak) recommended for the HII (p < 0.001). Exercise intensity during RPE-prescribed HIITs, determined as %V˙O2peak, was highly repeatable with intra-class correlations of 0.95 (95% CI 0.86– 0.99, p < 0.001). For cardiorespiratory adaptations from the first to the last session of HIIT, treadmill speed, treadmill grade, treadmill power, V˙O2HII, %V˙O2peak, and VE during HIIs were increased (all p < 0.05), while no difference was found for HR, %HRpeak and systolic blood pressure (all p > 0.05). V˙O2peak increased by an average of 9% from pre-CR to post-CR. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that HIIT can be effectively prescribed using RPE in MI patients during early outpatient CR. Participation in RPE-prescribed HIIT increases exercise workload and V˙O2 during exercise training without increased perception of effort or excessive increases in heart rate or blood pressure.
Probabilistic Forecast of the Extended Range Heatwave Over Eastern China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Jianyun , Lai Qiaozhen , Chi Yanzhen , Su Tonghua
Published: January 2022

Several probabilistic forecast methods for heatwave (HW) in extended-range scales over China are constructed using four models (ECMWF, CMA, UKMO, and NCEP) from the Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) database. The methods include four single-model ensembles (SME; ECMWF, CMA, UKMO, and NCEP), multi-model ensemble (MME), and Bayesian model averaging (BMA). The construction and verification of reforecasts are implemented by a defined heat wave index (HWI) which is not only able to reflect the actual occurrence of heatwaves, but also to facilitate forecast and verification. The performance is measured by traditional verification method at each grid point of the 105°E to 132°E; 20°N to 45°N domain for the July, August, and September (JAS) of 1999–2010. For deterministic evaluations of HWI forecast, BMA shows a better pattern correlation coefficient than SME and MME and comparable equitable threat score (ETS) with ECMWF and MME. The good performance of ECMWF and MME take advantage of setting the percentile thresholds for forecasting HW. For the probabilistic forecast, the Brier score of BMA is comparable (superior) to that of MME and ECMWF at short (long) lead-time. BMA also demonstrates an improvement on the reliability of probabilistic forecast, indicating that BMA method is a useful tool for an extended-range forecast of HW. Meanwhile, in the real-time extended-range probabilistic forecast, the beginning date, end date, and probability of HW event can be predicted by the HWI probabilistic forecast of BMA.
Automatic Blade Shape Optimization of a Three-Bladed Modified Savonius Turbine
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed H. , Alqurashi Faris , Thévenin Dominique
Published: January 2022

In this study, the performance of a new wind turbine design derived from a conventional Savonius turbine is optimized by numerical simulation. The new design consists of three blades without passage between them (closed center). The coupling between the CFD codes (ANSYS Fluent) and the optimizer (OPAL) is used through an automatic procedure in-house codes, as documented, for example, in Thévenin et al.’s Optimization and Computational Fluid Dynamics (2008). A single-objective function (output power coefficient, Cp) is considered as the target of the optimization technique and the shape of the blade as an optimization parameter and relies on evolutionary algorithms. An optimal solution can emerge from this optimization study. By comparison between regular design (semi-cylindrical shape blades) and the optimal configuration, a considerable improvement (up to 7.13% at λ = 0.7) of the optimal configuration performance can be obtained in this manner.
A Quantitative Framework for Identifying Patterns of Route-Use in Animal Movement Data
Authors: Alavi Shauhin E. , Vining Alexander Q. , Caillaud Damien , Hirsch Ben T. , Havmøller Rasmus Worsøe , Havmøller Linnea W. , Kays Roland , Crofoot Margaret C.
Published: January 2022

Animal movement along repeatedly used, “habitual” routes could emerge from a variety of cognitive mechanisms, as well as in response to a diverse set of environmental features. Because of the high conservation value of identifying wildlife movement corridors, there has been extensive work focusing on environmental factors that contribute to the emergence of habitual routes between protected habitats. In parallel, significant work has focused on disentangling the cognitive mechanisms underlying animal route use, as such movement patterns are of fundamental interest to the study of decision making and navigation. We reviewed the types of processes that can generate routine patterns of animal movement, suggested a new methodological workflow for classifying one of these patterns—high fidelity path reuse—in animal tracking data, and compared the prevalence of this pattern across four sympatric species of frugivorous mammals in Panama. We found the highest prevalence of route-use in kinkajous, the only nocturnal species in our study, and propose that further development of this method could help to distinguish the processes underlying the presence of specific routes in animal movement data.
MiR-27a-3p Targets GLP1R to Regulate Differentiation, Autophagy, and Release of Inflammatory Factors in Pre-Osteoblasts via the AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Fei Liangyu , Yang Juntao , Zuo Jun , Huang Zelin , Li Hao
Published: January 2022

Objective: Osteoporosis is caused by the dysregulation of bone homeostasis which is synergistically mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. MiR-27a-3p is a key inhibitor of bone formation. Hence, unearthing the downstream target gene of miR-27a-3p is of great significance to understand the molecular mechanism of osteoporosis.

Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to find the downstream target gene of miR-27a-3p, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to validate the interplay of miR-27a-3p and GLP1R. Besides, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to verify the impact of miR-27a-3p on GLP1R expression and the differentiation, autophagy, and inflammatory response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts.

Results: Dual-luciferase assay validated that miR-27a-3p directly targeted GLP1R. Additionally, posttreatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with miR-27a-3p mimics resulted in a remarkable decrease in expression levels of GLP1R, cell differentiation marker gene, autophagy marker gene, and AMPK. These results indicated that miR-27a-3p targeted GLP1R to inhibit AMPK signal activation and pre-osteoblast differentiation and autophagy, while promoting the release of inflammatory factors.

Conclusion: The miR-27a-3p/GLP1R regulatory axis in pre-osteoblasts contributes to understanding the molecular mechanism of osteoporosis.
BioInfograph: An Online Tool to Design and Display Multi-Panel Scientific Figure Interactively
Authors: Li Kejie , Hurt Jessica , Whelan Christopher D. , Challa Ravi , Lin Dongdong , Zhang Baohong
Published: January 2022

Many fit-for-purpose bioinformatics tools generate plots to interpret complex biological data and illustrate findings. However, assembling individual plots in different formats from various sources into one high-resolution figure in the desired layout requires mastery of commercial tools or even programming skills. In addition, it is a time-consuming and sometimes frustrating process even for a computationally savvy scientist who frequently takes a trial-and-error iterative approach to get satisfactory results. To address the challenge, we developed bioInfograph, a web-based tool that allows users to interactively arrange high-resolution images in diversified formats, mainly Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), to produce one multi-panel publication-quality composite figure in both PDF and HTML formats in a user-friendly manner, requiring no programming skills. It solves stylesheet conflicts of coexisting SVG plots, integrates a rich-text editor, and allows creative design by providing advanced functionalities like image transparency, controlled vertical stacking of plots, versatile image formats, and layout templates. To highlight, the sharable interactive HTML output with zoom-in function is a unique feature not seen in any other similar tools. In the end, we make the online tool publicly available at https://baohongz.github.io/bioInfograph while releasing the source code at https://github.com/baohongz/bioInfograph under MIT open-source license.
Overload of the Temporomandibular Joints Accumulates γδ T Cells in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Morphological and Histological Evaluation
Authors: Nagai Kohei , Ishii Takenobu , Ohno Tatsukuni , Nishii Yasushi
Published: January 2022

Recently, it has been reported that γδ T cells are associated with the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there are many uncertainties about their relationship. In this study, we investigated the morphological and histological properties of peripheral as well as temporomandibular joints (TMJ) in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis with and without exposure to mechanical strain on the TMJ. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced by administering collagen type II antibody and lipopolysaccharide to male DBA/1JNCrlj mice at 9−12 weeks of age, and mechanical stress (MS) was applied to the mandibular condyle. After 14 days, 3D morphological evaluation by micro-CT, histological staining (Hematoxylin Eosin, Safranin O, and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase staining), and immunohistochemical staining (ADAMTS-5 antibody, CD3 antibody, CD45 antibody, RORγt antibody, γδ T cell receptor antibody) were performed. The lower jawbone was collected. The mandibular condyle showed a rough change in the surface of the mandibular condyle based on three-dimensional analysis by micro-CT imaging. Histological examination revealed bone and cartilage destruction, such as a decrease in chondrocyte layer width and an increase in the number of osteoclasts in the mandibular condyle. Then, immune-histological staining revealed accumulation of T and γδ T cells in the subchondral bone. The temporomandibular joint is less sensitive to the onset of RA, but it has been suggested that it is exacerbated by mechanical stimulation. Additionally, the involvement of γδ T cells was suggested as the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
The Anti-Inflammatory and Uric Acid Lowering Effects of Si-Miao-San on Gout
Authors: Cao Ling , Zhao Tianyi , Xue Yu , Xue Luan , Chen Yueying , Quan Feng , Xiao Yu , Wan Weiguo , Han Man , Jiang Quan , Lu Liwei , Zou Hejian , Zhu Xiaoxia
Published: January 2022

Background

Si-Miao-San (SMS) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of SMS on gouty arthritis and its potential mechanism of action.

Methods

The effects and mechanism of SMS were evaluated in monosodium urate (MSU)-treated mice or macrophages. The expression of cytokines and PI3K/Akt was analyzed using real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses. Macrophage polarization was assessed with immunofluorescence assays, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. Mass spectrometry was used to screen the active ingredients of SMS.

Results

Pretreatment with SMS ameliorated MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis in mice with increased PI3K/Akt activation and M2 macrophage polarization in the joint tissues. In vitro, SMS treatment significantly inhibited MSU-triggered inflammatory response, increased p-Akt and Arg-1 expression in macrophages, and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. These effects of SMS were inhibited when PI3K/Akt activation was blocked by LY294002 in the macrophages. Moreover, SMS significantly reduced serum uric acid levels in the hyperuricemia mice. Using mass spectrometry, the plant hormones ecdysone and estrone were detected as the potentially effective ingredients of SMS.

Conclusion

SMS ameliorated MSU-induced gouty arthritis and inhibited hyperuricemia. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SMS may exert anti-inflammatory effects by promoting M2 polarization via PI3K/Akt signaling. Ecdysone and estrone might be the potentially effective ingredients of SMS. This research may provide evidence for the application of SMS in the treatment of gout.
The Efficacy of Denosumab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Randomized or Matched Data
Authors: Hu Qiongwen , Zhong Xue , Tian Hua , Liao Pu
Published: January 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of denosumab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

The Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant clinical studies. Studies that assessed the efficacy of denosumab in patients with RA were identified. The primary endpoints were the percent changes in bone mineral density (BMD), and the changes in modified total Sharp score (mTSS), modified Sharp erosion score and joint space narrowing (JSN) score. Pooled analyses were calculated using random-effect models.

Results

After searching the literature and performing further detailed assessments, 10 studies with a total of 1758 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses showed that denosumab treatment significantly increased the percent changes in lumbar spine BMD [mean difference (MD): 5.12, confidence intervals (CI): 4.15 to 6.09], total hip BMD (MD: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.80 to 3.64) and femoral neck BMD (MD: 2.20, 95% CI: 0.94 to 3.46) compared with controls. Moreover, denosumab treatment significantly decreased the changes in mTSS (MD: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.41) and modified Sharp erosion score (MD: -0.62, 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.35). Subgroup analysis indicated that denosumab was superior to bisphosphonates for the improvement of BMD and the mitigation of joint destruction.

Conclusion

Denosumab treatment was associated with increased BMD and alleviated progression of joint destruction in RA patients, even when compared with bisphosphonates.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Special Defects Based on Ultrasound Metasurface
Authors: Zhao Hualiang , Zhang Chuanxin , He Jiajie , Li Ying , Li Boyi , Jiang Xue , Ta Dean
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the nondestructive evaluation by means of directional ultrasound emitted from a planar metasurface. The ultrasound metasurface is designed to generate the collimated and directional ultrasound efficiently in a planar configuration, which is endowed with the full-2π-range phase manipulation ability and high transmittance up to 80%. We employ the directional emission based on the ultrasound metasurface to innovate the traditional nondestructive evaluation methods, benefited from the freely controlled directivity and the superior fitness to sample surface of the planar metasurface. Merits of this innovative application are evidenced by the remarkable accuracy (higher than 98%) in the thickness evaluation, and precise detection (accuracy higher than 96%) of the special defect inside the V-shaped workpiece which is intractable to be inspected conventionally. The implementation of the metasurface-based directional ultrasound emission in the nondestructive evaluation bears the advantages of high coupling efficiency, superior fitness, high accuracy, and applicability to special defect, providing new solutions to the challenges in conventional defect detection and promotes the development in the nondestructive evaluation applications.