bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Force in Effecting Arrest in South Africa and the 2010 Bill: a Step in the Right Direction
Authors: Van der Walt Tharien
Published: June 2017

In South Africa the use of force in effecting arrest is statutorily governed by section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977.  The inception of the Constitution brought about a dramatic change in South African law in this regard.  During 2001 and 2002 the two highest courts in the country had to decide on the constitutionality of sections 49(1) and 49(2) respectively.  The Supreme Court of Appeal in Govender v Minister of Safety and Security 2001 2 SACR 197 (SCA)  did not declare section 49(1) unconstitutional but found it had to be interpreted restrictively ("read down") to survive constitutional scrutiny.  The Constitutional Court on the other hand confirmed the unconstitutionality of section 49(2) in S v Walters 2002 2 SACR 105 (CC) and the section was declared invalid.  By then (as early as 1998) the legislature had already promulgated an amendment to section 49, but the amendment came into operation only in 2003 after section 49 had undergone intensive constitutional scrutiny.  Legal scholars and others raised serious objections against the amendment – some were even of the opinion that it created a "right to flee" and that the rights of perpetrators were protected to the detriment of law-abiding citizens.  The Department of Justice and Constitutional Development in 2010 drafted an Amendment Bill which was subsequently approved in Parliament.  This paper discusses and concludes on: the developments over the last years in the South African law with regard to the use of force in effecting arrest by the South African Police Service (SAPS); international policies and guidelines of the police in this regard; and the application of the provisions of the Amendment Bill in practice and the possible pitfalls in the application of the latter.
The Suitability of the Remedy of Specific Performance to Breach of A "Player's Contract" with Specific Reference to the Mapoe and Santos Cases
Authors: Mould Kenneth
Published: June 2017

During the 1990s, rugby union formation in the Republic of South Africa developed rapidly from a system of strict amateurism to one of professionalism. Professional participants in the sport received salaries for participation, and rugby became a business like any other. As in all forms of business, rugby had to be regulated more efficiently than had previously been the case. Tighter regulations were instituted by governing bodies, and ultimately labour legislation became applicable to professional rugby. A professional sportsman or woman participating in a team sport is generally considered an employee. This means that the same principles that govern employees in general should also apply to professional sportsmen and women. The exact nature of the "player's contract", a term generally used to describe the contract of employment between a professional sportsman or sportswoman and his or her employer, deserves closer attention. It has been argued with much merit that the "player's contract", while in essence a contract of employment, possesses certain sui generis characteristics. The first aim of this article is to demonstrate how this statement is in fact a substantial one. If it is concluded that the "player's contract" is in fact a sui generis contract of employment, the most suitable remedy in case of breach of contract must be determined. The second aim of this article is to indicate why the remedy of specific performance, which is generally not granted in cases where the defaulting party has to provide services of a personal nature, is the most suitable remedy in case of breach of "player's contracts". To substantiate this statement, recent applicable case law is investigated and discussed, particularly the recent case of Vrystaat Cheetahs (Edms) Beperk v Mapoe. Suggestions are finally offered as to how breach of "player's contracts" should be approached by South African courts in future.
Korporatiewe Identiteit as die Basis van Strafregtelike Aanspreeklikheid van Regspersone (2): Die Praktyk
Authors: Du Toit Pieter , Pienaar Gerrit
Published: June 2017

aving regard to the corporate culture which had existed within the body corporate that directed, encouraged or tolerated the criminal conduct. This approach is often regarded as the most sophisticated and comprehensive model for corporate criminal liability. The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act of the United Kingdom of 2007 provides that a jury may take into consideration the extent to which the evidence shows that there were attitudes, policies, systems or accepted practices within an organisation that were likely to have encouraged failure to comply with health and safety legislation. The corporate culture or corporate identity model is not the exclusive model of attribution in these jurisdictions. It does, however, go a long way towards recognising true corporate or organisational fault. Corporate acts are not merely reduced to the fault of individuals but are rather based on the manner in which the corporation is structured.
The Enforceability of Illegal Employment Contracts according to the Labour Appeal Court Comments on Kylie v CCMA 2011 4 SA 383 (LAC)
Authors: Selala Kobolo J
Published: June 2017

The Labour Appeal Court in Kylie v CCMA decided the vexed question as to whether or not the CCMA has jurisdiction to resolve a dispute of unfair dismissal involving a sex worker. Both the CCMA and the Labour Court had declined to assume jurisdiction to resolve the dispute on the basis that the employee’s contract of employment was invalid and therefore unenforceable in law. The Labour Appeal Court, on the other hand, overturned the Labour Court’s decision and held that the CCMA has jurisdiction to resolve the dispute, regardless of the fact that sex work is still illegal under the South African law. For this decision, the Labour Appeal Court relied on section 23(1) of the Constitution, which provides that everyone has the right to fair labour practices. According to the Labour Appeal Court the crucial question for determination by the court was if a person in the position of a sex worker enjoyed the full range of constitutional rights including the right to fair labour practices. In the court’s reasoning the word everyone in section 23(1) of the Constitution is a term of general import and conveys precisely what it means. In other words everyone, including a sex worker, has the right to fair labour practices as guaranteed in the Constitution. A critical analysis of the judgment is made in this case note. The correctness of the court’s judgment, particularly insofar as it relates to the approach to and the determination of the issue of jurisdiction, is questioned. It is argued that the Court lost focus on the main issue in the appeal, namely jurisdiction, and instead proceeded to place heavy emphasis on the employee’s constitutional rights. Relying on a handful of cases of the Supreme Court of Appeal and the Constitutional Court, the case note concludes that the approach adopted by the Labour Appeal Court in the determination of the appeal was incorrect - hence its decision. Given the critical importance of the matter, and the attendant implications of the judgment for labour litigation in South Africa, it is hoped that a similar case will soon come to the attention of a superior court and that a definitive pronouncement will be made.
Editorial
Authors: Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

This edition opens with a discussion by Loma Steynberg of UNISA of the challenges attending judicial decision-making in the award of delictual damages based on actuarial calculations.
M9 Minimal Media v1
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: June 2017

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol Modified from Pardee, A. B., F. Jacob, and J. Monod. 1959. The genetic control and cytoplasmic expression of "inducibility" in the synthesis of ß-galactosidase in E. coli. J. Mol. Biol. 1:165-178
Dynamics of indicators of disability causеd by eye diseases in assessment of efficiency of periodic health examination of the population of Azerbaijan
Authors: Agaeva R B
Published: June 2017

Aim. Analysis of thе dynamics of рrimary and rереatеd disability causеd by еyе disеasеs among all cohorts of age groups of the рoрulation of Azеrbaijan undеr dispensary observation. Mеthods. Analysis of thе dynamics of рrimary and rереatеd disability causеd by еyе disеasеs all over the republic was conducted over a 10-year period (2001-2010) on the basis of statistical databasе of Mеdical Labor Еxреrt Committее of Azеrbaijan. A stratified gender and age analysis was conducted according to disability groups. Indicators of obviousness were calculated and forecasting with the use of approximation method for time series. Rеsults. During all observation years men composed the major proportion: 58.8±1.4% among newly registered and 57.3±1.2% among repeatedly registered disabled. The main cohort among newly registered disabilities caused by eye diseases during all observation years was presented by patients of working age (19 to 59 years). During the study period disability causеd by еyе disеasеs among working-agе grouр increased with a tеndеncy to incrеasing рroрortion of womеn among nеwly rеgistеrеd disablеd with eye рathologiеs. Against thе background of рositivе dynamics of increase of all rерortеd casеs of rереatеd disability causеd by eye рathologiеs, a statistically significant incrеasе in thе рroрortion of patients with group I disabilitiеs was rеvеalеd.

Conclusion. Against thе background of рositivе dynamics of increase of all rерortеd casеs of rереatеd disability causеd by ophthalmopathies, a statistically significant incrеasе in thе рroрortion of patients with group I disabilitiеs was rеvеalеd; dynamics of the proportion of patients under dispensary observation included in disability group demonstrated minor tendency to reduction all over the republic.
Analysis of changes in serum levels of endothelin-1 in patients with retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Shelankova A V , Budzinskaya M V , Plyukhova A A , Mikhaylova M A , Nurieva N M
Published: June 2017

Aim. To analyze the level of endothelin-1 in blood serum in patients with retinal venous occlusions. Metods. 60 patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) were included in the study. 19 patients were diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion, 9 of them had non-ischemic type and 10 had ischemic type of central retinal vein occlusion. 41 patients had branch retinal vein occlusion, 23 of them had non-ischemic type and 18 had ischemic type of occlusion. Patients underwent fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography fundus imaging. Before intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, the level of endothelin-1 in the blood serum was determined. Analysis was performed in patients’ subgroups depending on the localization of occlusion, type of occlusion, disease relapse, presence of optic disc swelling.

Results. Differences in the systemic level of endothelin-1, depending on the localization of occlusion, presence of ischemic type and relapse, the disease was not detected (p ≥0.05). With the development of optic disc swelling, a statistically significant increase in the level of endothelin-1 was noted in peripheral blood: 38.73 fmol/ml in patients with optic disc swelling and 27.65 fmol/ml in patients without it (p=0.018).

Conclusion. In patients with optic disc swelling a statistically significant increase of endothelin-1 in blood was revealed.
Impact of dichloroethane on the microbicidal activity of neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes
Authors: Men’shikova I A , Mufazalova N A , Kamilov F Kh , Mufazalova L F
Published: June 2017

Aim. To study the damaging effect of dichloroethane on the functional state of neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages.

Methods. Dichloroethane was administered to animals intragastrically daily in olive oil at a dose of 0.84 mg/kg of body weight for 60 days so that the total dose was 0.1 of 50% lethal dose. The number of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, intensity of oxygen-dependant metabolism (induced test with nitro blue tetrazolium), antimicrobial activity in the conditions of functioning and blockade (by sodium azide), oxygen-dependent factors of microbicidity, content of myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins in neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages were measured. The results were recorded the next day after introduction of the toxicant. Fungicidal activity was measured by the number of colony-forming units of C. albicans, growing on day 3 at culture medium.

Results. Intoxication with dichloroethane for 60 days leads to the formation of leukopenia, mainly due to the decreased number of neutrophils while reducing the number of lymphocytes. This is accompanied by inhibition of oxygen-dependant killing of neutrophils as a result of suppression of peroxidase-dependant mechanisms of microbicidity (the formation of oxygen active forms decreases). Besides, decrease of activity of oxygen-independant mechanisms of killing develops, which correlates with a reduction of cationic proteins level. Suppression of oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms of microbicidity of peritoneal macrophages. This is accompanied by a decrease of oxygen-dependant metabolism intensity, myeloperoxidase activity and cationic protein level in these cells.

Conclusion. Intoxication with dichloroethane for 60 days in a total dose of 0.1 of 50% lethal dose has a profound damaging effect on the cells of phagocytic link of nonspecific resistance: formation of leukopenia, suppression of oxidative metabolism and microbicidal activity of neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes occur.
Hospitalized morbidity of Omsk population as a result of acute intoxication of chemical etiology in 2015
Authors: Sabaev A V
Published: June 2017

Aim. Analysis of hospitalized morbidity of the population of Omsk as a result of acute poisoning of chemical etiology in age and gender groups depending on the toxicant in 2015.

Methods. The rate of admissions of patients who suffered acute poisoning of chemical etiology in 2015 was analyzed according to gender in age groups 15-19 years, 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60 years and older. According to the etiology all acute poisonings were divided into the following groups: ethanol and its surrogates, medications, drugs, psychoactive substances other than plant-based, caustic and other poisons.

Results. During the analyzed period the majority of patients admitted to the center for the treatment of acute poisoning in Omsk were males in whom the incidence of hospitalization was 4.1 times higher than in females. The highest hospitalization rate due to acute chemical poisoning was observed in the age group of 20-29 years among males and 15-19 years among females. Acute alcohol intoxication was observed more frequently among males aged 40-49 years and among females aged 30-39 years that is indicative of the peak rate of severe chronic alcohol abuse in these age groups.

Conclusion. The high rate of consumption of modern psychoactive synthetic substances, «designer» drugs, which replaced plant-based drugs, defines the nature of toxicological situation in the region.
The New Psychosocial Position Statement from the American Diabetes Association
Authors: Siminerio Linda ,   University of Pittsburgh Diabetes Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Published: June 2017

Diabetes self-management education and support provides the foundation for helping people with diabetes to be able to navigate decisions and activities related to managing their life-long disease. Here, Linda Siminerio of the School of Medicine and Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US, discusses psychological factors affecting people with diabetes, self-management and the multiple benefits of ongoing education and support.
Ensuring Quality in Thyroid Cancer Surgery
Authors: Bates Maria F ,   Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, US, Long Kristin L ,   Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, US, Sippel Rebecca S ,   Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, US
Published: June 2017

Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing worldwide. Though long-term survival rates are excellent, recurrence remains a significant problem, which highlights potential areas of needed improvement, including the surgical care of these patients. This review paper identifies tools and markers that can be used to improve surgical quality in thyroid cancer. Preoperative surgical planning starts with an adequate ultrasound evaluation of the cervical lymph node basins. Postoperatively, thyroglobulin and radioactive iodine uptake scans can track adequacy of resection. In addition, lymph node yield and lymph node ratios serve as indirect markers for assessing the quality of lymph node dissections. Current research also suggests that high-volume surgeons have improved oncological outcomes. Surgeons can use these tools and information to follow and potentially improve the care provided to patients.
Physician Awareness in Diabetes Management During Ramadan 2015—A Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Al Slail Fatima Younis ,   National Diabetes and Prevention Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Rashid Haroon UR ,   World Health Organization, Libya, Fadl Sahar Mohamed ,   National Diabetes and Prevention Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Kheir Omer Osman ,   National Diabetes and Prevention Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: June 2017

Background: Diabetic Muslims who wish to fast are recommended to undergo medical counseling prior to fasting to prevent complications. This study assesses knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and identifies issues related to building capacity for physicians treating diabetic patients. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study based on focus group discussions with primary healthcare center (PHCC) doctors who manage diabetic patients in the Riyadh region. Results: There is a lack of knowledge of the classification system for risk assessment of diabetic patients who fast during Ramadan. All the responses showed that there were misconceptions regarding nitroglycerin tablets placed under the tongue to nullify fasting. Other issues addressed by respondents include the following: how to adjust the dose and subsequently convince the patient to follow a new regimen, loss of patient follow-up due to referral to the hospital, the refusal of some laboratories to perform examinations for patients referred from other PHCCs, and lack of patient medication compliance. Conclusion: The study reported a lack of knowledge among respondents regarding therapeutic and lifestyle management of diabetic patients during Ramadan. Other issues addressed by participants include lack of healthcare services at primary healthcare center facilities and services not working effectively. To empower physicians and improve knowledge, attitude, and practices for managing diabetic patients during Ramadan, experience, continuous training, as well as fully equipped healthcare centers (including both laboratory and pharmaceutical medical supplies) play a crucial role.
Anne-Çocuk Cinayetleri Medea Kompleksi
Authors: Kırcı Güven Seçkin , Yalçın Cömert Hatice Sonay , Özer Erdal
Published: June 2017

The definition of homicide is killing another living being or especially another person willingly. This situation is an unacceptable crime against humanity in almost every society. There is always difficulty and complexity to understand and explain to kill his/her own child with any reason or result. The aim of our study is to discuss the child homicide with their reasons and view the child homicides who are killed by their parents especially with their historical, social and cultural aspects by the medical jurisprudence. When a child is killed by one of his/her parent than it is named “parenteral filicide”. When we look at the factors of filicide; the type of spouse revenge filicide is mostly seen in women and it is so invincible. This situation is called “Medea Complex”. This complex history which comes from mythological ages is discussed with in child abuse composition. In conclusion child abuse occurs by nonaccidental or with preventable reasons. However, various studies improved that most of those cases can be protectable; every child which we cannot protect from abuse will be our shame of humanity in the 21st century.
Tespiti Güç Bir İmza Sahteciliği Yöntemi “Serbest Taklit”: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Kırcı Güven Seçkin , Aydoğdu Halil İlhan , Okumuş Hasan , Özer Erdal , Eryılmaz Ahmet , Birincioğlu İsmail
Published: June 2017

Background: Signature is defined as any kind of distinctive mark which assures the identity of its generator in a certain way while demonstrating the generator’s will for approval of the content of the document to which it is subscribed, not limited to those generated with a person’s handwriting, Forged signatures, that is, the signatures not generated by its owner himself on the related document, can be produced by various methods. Those methods can be listed as tracing, freehand simulation using a model, freehand simulation from memory, revenue stamp transferring, photocopying or computer assisted reproduction techniques and fabricating on behalf of imaginary identities. Generation via signature machines, a recently invented way gradually becoming more frequent, can be added to this list. Freehand simulation from memory is distinguished from other afore-mentioned methods in certain aspects. Simulator studies the genuine signature carefully for days, learns its all features by heart, make trials of generation and finally executes the simulation in one move when convinced for success. This method is the hardest to reveal for examiners with its distinct features.
Case: In our case, the signature subject to forgery investigation and the signatures obtained for comparison were found to be similar in signature characteristics such as signature velocity, dysfluency (jerk), slant and pen pressure. With a more detailed examination, it is understood that signatures are far different regarding start and stop points, stroke settings and counts, upstroke and down stroke patterns. Considering those findings, it is inferred that signature subject to investigation is generated by simulation using freehand method by memory.
Conclusions: In this study, a forgery case relatively hard to detect is presented with sample images with the aim to emphasize acting in a very sensitive manner and asking for experienced specialist view for such cases is a must.
Emniyet Teşkilatı Sağlık Şartları Yönetmeliği ve Güncel Sorunlar
Authors: Akçan Ramazan , Yıldırım Mahmut Şerif , Lale Aykut , İsak Abdurrahman , Cavlak Mehmet , Odabaşı Aysun Balseven , Tümer Ali Rıza
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Forensic medicine specialists might prepare reports about health conditions of candidates for Police Organization or assessment of organization's staff based on The Regulation of Health Requirements for Police. The last update of regulation was performed in 2012; however, it is noteworthy that there still are definitions and articles contradicting current medical knowledge and make medical evaluation more challenging.
Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine controversial articles based on evaluation of cases referred to our department and to discuss the issue in the context of related literature.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-six patients who were admitted to Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine between 01.03.2015 and 30.11.2015 for evaluation in respect of the Regulation of Health Requirements for Police were evaluated retrospectively and findings were discussed.
Results: It was found that 47 of the 56 cases (83.9%) were male and 9 (16.1%) were female. Age of cases ranged between 18 and 33 years, with a mean age of 24.7 (SD=3.09) years. The controversial topics were mostly related to articles regarding visual acuity (refraction disorders)  and eye diseases (n=10, 17.9%) and Hepatitis B infections (n​​=5, 8.9%).
Discussion and Conclusion: It is considered that above mentioned controversial issues might form a basis for updating the related regulation. In addition, it is important to revise the regulation periodically in order to maintain it up to date and avoid victimization.
Potansiyel Yaralama Etkileri Açısından Havai Fişekler
Authors: Durdu Murat , Cantürk Nergis
Published: June 2017

Objective: Aerial shells -a sample of pyrotechnics- are produced for recreational purposes. Because of materials used in construction and design, they consist some potential risks. Besides, there is a risk of utilization of shells as a simple weapon system and utilization of energetic ingredients in home-made bombs. Occasionally some news have been seen about woundings and deaths related to aerial shells. With this perspective, our study aimed to research wounding potential of shells.    
Materials and methods: Four experiments were held including; physical examination of locally produced batteries, observation of battery functioning, expelling and detonation of shells, speed and blast pressure measurement utilizing a fastcam and pressure sensors. In physical examinations it is identified that, batteries are constructed in form of a cylindirical-cardboard-made barrels packed together, fired with short time intervals with a time fuse attached to barrels. Shells are configured with some powder/solid form of pyrotechnic mixtures added with little amount of earth and grains.
Results: Upon expelling of shells, intensive white-color smoke observed and 40,2 cm lenght (SD=7,21) flame eruption measured. In 0.5 m distance from barrels, 28 g-weight-shells (SD: 3,8) speed calculated as 52,61 m/s (SD: 6,92). Approximately 144,42 cm (SD: 36,61) diameter flame ball and fragmentations were identified, 89,09 kPa (SD: 16,62) detonation pressure value calculated.
Conclusion: Considering all findings, due to the pyrotechnic mixtures in their desings, their speed, flame eruption from barrels, fireball formation and fragmentation effects, it is evaluated that aerial shells have potential wounding risk.
"A vos el poderoso y muy estimado Rey de la China". Primera embajada Regia de Felipe II con destino a la China de la Dinastía Ming: origen, preparación y abandono = First Embassy of Philip II destined for the Chinese Ming Dinasty: origin, preparation and adandonment
Authors: Li Chenguang
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo analiza un acontecimiento significativo pero poco conocido: la primera embajada que Felipe II envió a China. Através de las fuentes relativas a esta expedición, podemos contemplar cómo funcionaba la administración de la Castilla del siglo XVI en lo que concierne a los asuntos diplomáticos. Además, cabe
prestar especial atención a la carta escrita por Felipe II y dirigida al emperador de China. Con ella, no solo podemos ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre el monarca hispano en relación con sus perspectivas sínicas, sino que también nos permite observar las estrategias y los métodos adoptados para crear contactos con aquel imperio.

Abstract

The present article analyzes a profound significance but rarely known historical event: The first diplomatic mission of the Emperor Philip II sending to China.
We can approach and understand the decision-making mechanism of the Spanish government to complete such diplomatic missions in sixteenth century. In addition, Philip II once wrote to the Chinese emperor one letter, through which we can not only know the Spanish monarch´s familiarity and relevant knowledge of China, but also can observe the methods and tactics that Philip II used in his attempt to establish diplomatic
relations with that Empire.
La fotografía en León (1839-1900)
Authors: Barrionuevo Almuzara Isabel
Published: June 2017

Isabel BARRIONUEVO ALMUZARA
Director: Dr. Francisco Carantoña Álvarez
Tesis doctoral defendida el 5 de febrero de 2016

La Fotografía en León (1839-1900) se sitúa en los orígenes de la fotografía en la provincia de León, sus primeras manifestaciones y el desarrollo de la profesión y los
profesionales, así como de los aficionados, que ejercieron tanto de manera ambulante como con estudio fijo en el marco temporal señalado.
Población, sociedad y familia en Tierra de Campos leonesa. La comarca de Sahagún en el s. XVIII
Authors: Lagartos Pacho Francisco Javier
Published: June 2017

Francisco Javier LAGARTOS PACHO
Director: Dr. Juan Manuel Bartolomé Bartolomé
Tesis Doctoral defendida el 21 de enero de 2016

Para el conocimiento de cualquier ámbito cultural humano del pasado es necesario analizar las estructuras de una sociedad, especialmente los parámetros demográficos y sociales, en nuestro caso, aquellos que tiene relación con la familia y su perpetuación
en el tiempo. La familia, como la célula básica de una sociedad, comprende infinidad de ámbitos de estudio: herencia, relaciones de parentesco, consanguinidad, estrategias y alianzas matrimoniales, etc., que son necesarios entender para un buen conocimiento
de la misma y de la sociedad en la que está inserta. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido el de conocer, desde la perspectiva de la historia de la familia, cuales son las pautas demográficas y cómo se llevaba a cabo el entramado familiar para conseguir el objetivo final de toda sociedad que es la perpetuación del sistema.
Post-printing surface modification and functionalization of 3D-printed biomedical device
Authors: Zhang Yi
Published: June 2017

3D printing is a technology well-suited for biomedical applications due to its ability to create highly complex and arbitrary structures from personalized designs with a fast turnaround. However, due to a limited selection of 3D-printable materials, the biofunctionality of many 3D-printed components has not been paid enough attention. In this perspective, we point out that post-3D printing modification is the solution that could close the gap between 3D printing technology and desired biomedical functions. We identify architectural reconfiguration and surface functionalization as the two main post-3D printing modification processes and discuss potential techniques for post-3D printing modification to achieve desired biofunctionality.
Механизм интеграции образовательных и профессиональных стандартов при формировании человеческого капитала
Authors: Ширинкина Елена Викторовна
Published: June 2017

В статье автором изучается такой феномен в экономике, как процесс реформирования системы квалификации профессий в России. Автор выделяет проблемы, связанные со становлением системы профессиональных стандартов, которые еще никем не описаны. Описываются проблемы учреждений высших учебных заведений в парадигме реформирования системы квалификации профессий и внедрения системы профессиональных стандартов. Впервые в рамках реформирования двух систем: системы образования и системы квалификаций профессий представлен алгоритм механизма интеграции федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов высшего образования с профессиональными стандартами. Все это позволит сформировать единое пространство методологии управления человеческого капитала в триаде всех участников социально-экономических отношений: государство, система высшего образования и работодатели.
Региональное развитие как инновационно-инвестиционный процесс институционального управления
Authors: Матвеев Юрий Васильевич , Степанова Татьяна Евгеньевна , Матвеев Кирилл Юрьевич
Published: June 2017

В статье раскрывается сущность регионального развития и его содержание как воспроизводственного процесса, обусловливающего необходимость институционального управления. Авторы считают, что региональное развитие представляет собой многоплановый процесс, изменяющий социальную структуру региона, поведение людей, общественные институты, а также ускоряющий экономический рост, сокращающий неравенство и безработицу. Исследуется диалектическая взаимосвязь институтов и экономического развития с позиций концепции национальных инновационных систем, что позволяет дополнить структуру инновационной системы инвестиционной подсистемой. Предлагается формирование и развитие региональной инновационно-инвестиционной системы как составной части НИС. Выделяется основной институциональный фактор, тормозящий инновационно-инвестиционный процесс в стране: правовая основа регулирования формальных и неформальных институтов интеллектуальной собственности. Определены основные направления создания эффективных институтов, способствующих экономическому развитию.
Повышение эффективности функционирования высокотехнологичного предприятия в условиях ограниченности рынка труда
Authors: Крафт Йиржи , Зайцев Александр Владимирович
Published: June 2017

В статье дан анализ проблем преодоления дефицита высококвалифицированных специалистов с высшим образованием, работников средней и низкой квалификации современном высокотехнологичном бизнесе. Дан анализ развития рыночных структур при ограниченности рынка труда. Показано, что при монопсонии и монополии на рынке труда оптимальное количество работников и оптимальная ставка заработной платы имеет различное значение с позиции работодателя и профсоюзов. При этом профсоюзы и работодатели создают на рынке труда двойную монополию. Продемонстрированы структуры дефицита человеческих ресурсов по уровням квалификации, а также по виду экономической деятельности в Российской Федерации и Чешской Республике: «Обрабатывающие производства», «Научные исследования и разработки», «Образование». На основе проведённого анализа структуры дефицита человеческих ресурсов даны рекомендации по формированию стратегии управления человеческими ресурсами с целью повышения эффективности функционирования высокотехнологичного предприятия.
Nationalism of Nani Wartabone: Nation Character Building Foundation of Indonesia
Authors: Kulap Mursalat , Warto Mr. , Joebagio Hermanu
Published: June 2017

Nani Wartabone is one of the Indonesian nationalist leaders who came from Gorontalo. Nationalism of Nani Wartabone implemented in the form of various movements of resistance against Dutch colonial rule, the Japanese military occupation, revolution in defending independence, until the threat of national disintegration Indonesia after independence. Nani Wartabones’ nationalism is not nationalism that leads to chauvinism, but a nationalism that has come from an egalitarian view and leaning on humanitarian aspects. Thus, nationalism of Nani Wartabone is very important if it is implemented in the present life as a cornerstone of the nation character building of Indonesia. This writing will analyze how the concept of Nani Wartabones’ nationalism, and its implementation in the present.
Quality eLearning in Distance Learning: Benefits and Implications for National eLearning Policy in Ghana
Authors: Tanye Hannah Ayaba
Published: June 2017

The continual innovation in technology has ripple effect on the way services are offered and undoubtedly has affected educational policies leading to educational reform. Governments, including the Government of Ghana have shown support to Universities in their implementation of eLearning. However, there is gap in the eLearning practice in Ghana. A well structured eLearning system with a supervisory role of Government and support system from university management for eLearners is little to none. How should online course be accredited? What pedagogy would ensure that the impact of skills and knowledge are not compromise for distance learners? What security measures should be put in place to ensure that learner’s data is secured? How Universities collaboration challenges can be minimized? and How students’ satisfaction level of eLearning system can be enhanced? This study seeks to answer these questions as a basis for eLearning policy debate at the National level.
The Influence of Self-Regulation and Stakeholder Theories on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Authors: Freda Moral
Published: June 2017

The review of the CSR literature in this paper revealed certain gaps in available knowledge. Thus, there is uncertainty regarding the actual spread of CSR activities; disagreement on the value of business case for CSR; and controversy over what drives firms to voluntarily adopt a CSR practice. This situation calls on researchers to investigate the actual policies and practices used by managers when addressing their companies’ social and environmental responsibilities. This section seeks to develop a theoretical framework that will enable this study to empirically scrutinize theory and produce findings that advance existing knowledge on the topic.
Religion and Politics’ in Israel: the Mythology of Jewish Nationalism (until 1993)
Authors: Javadikouchaksaraei Mehrzad
Published: June 2017

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict stemmed from the clash of the loyalty of both sides to the same land, which is the Palestinian territory settled by both the Arabs and the Jews. This paper  attempt to survey the role  the development of the clash on the territory by elaborating the effects of Jewish immigration, the development of Zionist idea, the mandate period, political factions and the role of Religion and politics in Israel until the Oslo Accords. Thus, the beginning of the conflict and the development of the conflict will be stressed in order to understand the conflicting positions of both sides. These positions aim at helping the reader understand more clearly the deadlock in the peace process.
Analysis and Simulation of Active Filters Using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)
Authors: Ali Haitham K. , Abdaljabar Jihan S.
Published: June 2017

As the transistors are continuously scaling down, it becomes necessary to reduce voltage supply and power requirements of the circuit to increase its performance and stability. Whereas, current- mode devices require less number of stages with high output impedance results in improved performance and large bandwidth as compared to voltage-mode techniques. OTA are current-mode device that takes voltage as input and produces current as output with high gain and large bandwidth. The frequency bands were parameters were determined such as the cutoff frequency (fc), the band width (BW), the quality factor (Q), and the angular frequency (Wo). In this paper the design and the simulation of the transfer function has been done by using (MATLAB) in order to obtain the frequency response for all types of filter (the low pass filter, high pass filter, band pass filter and band stop filter).
Analisis Organizacional Y Financiera Del Uso De Prácticas Sustentables En Empresas Industriales Del Municipio De Tulancingo De Bravo Perteneciente Al Estado De Hidalgo
Authors: Jiménez Sergio Demetrio Polo , González Eleazar Villegas , Gracia Tirso Javier Hernández , Ávila Danae Duana , Velázquez Ma. Del Rosario García
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the present investigation is to identify those internal factors that influence the implementation of socially responsible practices (energy saving) in a sample of 5 industrial companies in the municipality of Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo in 2016. To achieve the proposed objectives, an index similar to that proposed by Barrera et al. (2004), Sepúlveda et al. (2002); Vázquez et al. (2011); Céspedes (2011); Carrillo in (2014). The results of the application of the Kruskal-Wallis test, could allow us to affirm that the development of sustainable practices in the companies of the sample, are still far from those carried out in Europe.
Purificación Del Aire Ambiente Interior En La Fábrica De Productos Lácteos “Quesos Latacunga” , Cotopaxi, Ecuador
Authors: Pérez Agustín Leiva , Vera Ely F. Sacón , Quintero Rodolfo Najarro , Bernal Azucena Elizabeth , Vega David W. Moreira , Candell Joffre A. Andrade
Published: June 2017

The purification of the internal ambient air of the "Latacunga Cheese" factory was studied by the application of ozone. It is an energetic oxidizing agent which is able to kill the microorganisms present in the medium where it is found. It is applied in its appropriate doses with the aim of purifying the air environment of the workshop. The concentrations of fungi and bacteria found before the application of ozone were higher than that allowed by the Spanish legislation "UNE 100012 Hygiene of systems". Among the fungi identified were Aspergillus sp., Penicilium sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Fusarium sp., and Cladosporium sp. The major bacteria identified were Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Enterobacter agglomerans. The main material used for the treatment of indoor air with ozone was a SEFILTRA purifier. This purifier, however, generates an ozonated air flow rate of 2 dm3 / min with an ozone concentration in air of 9.5 g / m3. This means it has an ozone charge of about 1.14 g / hr. A High Efficiency Particle Arresting (99.995%) filter was used to measure microbial air content before and after treatment. After an hour of application of ozone, the reduction of fungi was sufficient to ensure that its presence was complied with the maximum limit established in the legislation in question. However, this does not happen with bacteria which needs about 25 minutes more to conclude which is the same as for fungi.
Control de hipotermia con colchón térmico en perras durante ovario-histerectomía
Authors: Da Costa Neto João Moreira , Ramírez Uscátegui Ricardo Andrés , Lima Carneiro Rodrigo , Da Nóbrega Pedro Isidro , Alves Brito Matheu
Published: June 2017

La hipotermia transoperatoria es una complicación común en pacientes sometidos a anestesia general para procedimientos quirúrgicos. En este trabajo se evalúa el uso de un colchón térmico eléctrico como método de control de temperatura en 18 hembras caninas de aproximadamente seis meses de edad, sometidas a ovario-histerectomía (OVH) electiva, bajo anestesia general. Fueron evaluadas las constantes fisiológicas y los tiempos de recuperación, comparando tres grupos distribuidos aleatoriamente: G1, control, sin control de temperatura; G2, uso de colchón térmico a 38 °C durante el periodo trans y posoperatorio, y G3, control de temperatura de la misma manera pero solo en el periodo posoperatorio. El colchón térmico es una medida efectiva y segura para el control de la hipotermia perioperatoria mostrando mejores resultados cuando es usado en todos los momentos y no solo en el posoperatorio.
Odontología en equinos: generalidades e importancia en medicina veterinaria
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Lina Marcela , Uribe Díaz Andrea del Pilar
Published: June 2017

A través del tiempo, los equinos han evolucionado tanto anatómicamente como en sus hábitos alimenticios debido a su domesticación, por tanto, su dentición ha cambiado pero es la huella que permite conocer su edad. En la práctica de clínica veterinaria es necesario conocer la estructura y fisiología de la cavidad oral, y la manera como se manifiesta la presencia de alteraciones de orden dental que afectan a los equinos, y de qué forma se debe realizar un correcto examen clínico de dicha cavidad, facilitando el uso de tratamientos preventivos y, en el caso de que exista una afección, llegar a un diagnóstico acertado y posteriormente establecer el tratamiento adecuado. Es importante tener en cuenta que la odontología veterinaria se ha descuidado por parte de los profesionales dejando que sea invadida por empíricos u odontólogos humanos.
Los glifos emblema y los lugares sobrenaturales: el caso de Kanu'l y sus implicaciones
Authors: Helmke Christophe , Kupprat Felix
Published: June 2017

Los glifos emblema incorporan nombres de lugares, de los cuales algunos hacen referencia a espacios primordiales y a los escenarios de eventos mitológicos. Uno de estos glifos emblema sobrenaturales es el título k’uhul kanu’l ajaw ‘señor divino de Kanu’l’ que principalmente fue ocupado por los gobernantes de Calakmul durante el Clásico tardío. Los textos jeroglíficos en soportes cerámicos del Clásico tardío sugieren que el topónimo Kanu’l nombraba a una cueva en la cual el dios del maíz fue derrotado, murió y renació. Evidencias adicionales indican que también los demás topónimos que aparecen en la narrativa de la resurrección del dios de maíz denominaban a lugares primordiales, lo que nos permite ampliar de manera tentativa la lista de glifos emblema sobrenaturales.
Editorial
Authors: Suzigan Wilson , Garcia Renato
Published: June 2017

Temos grande prazer em trazer a público este fascículo, que complementa o volume 12 da Revista Brasileira de Inovação. Tal satisfação decorre não apenas da qualidade dos artigos aqui publicados, mas também do fato de que, na nova classificação Qualis Economia, a RBI passou de B3 para B2, o que aumenta nossa responsabilidade e nosso compromisso com o trabalho que temos desenvolvido. Isto tem se refletido em maior oferta e melhor qualidade de artigos submetidos. Não obstante o maior volume de trabalho, a editoria da RBI vem mantendo um prazo médio de avaliação dos textos de oito semanas e pretende alcançar um prazo médio de seis semanas para dar a primeira resposta aos autores.
Maintenance of human skin tissue and cellularity after engraftment in immunodeficient mouse model
Authors: Boccara David , Combadière Béhazine , Soria Angèle
Published: June 2017

A lack of an appropriate animal model to study human skin in vivo remains a major problem. Human skin explant can be conserved only few days in culture medium. For these reasons, it is necessary to developed humanized mice model with human skin graft for studying of skin innate and adaptive responses. Humanized mice model with human skin engraftment have been Non-obese diabetic-SCID gamma chain null mice (NSG, NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIL2rg tmlWjl/Sz) were engrafted with fresh human skin obtained from healthy volunteers undergoing plastic surgery of breast, abdomen or face lifting. Eighty-two mice were engrafted with 16 different human skin with standard operating procedure. A failure of human skin engraftment was found in 21 (25.6%) of the engrafted mice, due to partial or total human skin necrosis. We observed very good or good engrafted skin behavior in 61 humanized mice (78.6%), with preservation of the structures of the human skin compared to non-engrafted human skin and conservation of the major skin resident immune Antigen Presenting Cells 1 to 3-week post-graft. Here, we described the standard operating procedure, and performance of human skin engraftment in NOD-Scid IL2rgamma(null) mouse model with the maintenance of skin epidermal tissue and cells
A influência dos aspectos visuais das embalagens na formação das atitudes: um estudo no setor de alimentos
Authors: Gárran Vanessa Gabas , Serralvo Francisco Antonio
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer a possível influência das características visuais das embalagens de alimentos na formação das atitudes do consumidor, representadas pelos componentes cognitivo, afetivo e conativo. Para isso, optou-se por uma pesquisa de cunho exploratório, qualitativa, com a realização de entrevistas em profundidade a partir de uma amostra não probabilística, selecionada por conveniência. As doze consumidoras entrevistadas puderam falar dos atributos das embalagens que elas consideravam mais importantes e, a partir de tais resultados, foi possível interpretar as opiniões levantadas utilizando-se a técnica da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que as características visuais das embalagens provocam opiniões, sensações e inferências a respeito dos atributos do produto, o que demonstra a ligação existente entre as cores, ilustrações, formatos, textos, desenhos e os demais aspectos visuais das embalagens e a formação das crenças, emoções e intenções comportamentais do consumidor. De forma geral, pode-se concluir que os atributos visuais das embalagens ajudam a formar as atitudes dos consumidores, a construir a imagem da marca, a formar conceitos sobre os fabricantes, a suportar outras ações promocionais, a comunicar e agregar valor ao produto.