bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafios da gestão ambiental na transferência de água entre bacias: estudo de caso da integração do rio São Francisco, Brasil
Authors: Fayga Matias Caldas Hidaiane , Italcy de Oliveira Júnior Antônio , Borges Marwell Davi Tadeu , Martins Sobral Maria do Carmo
Published: December 2021

A transferência de água entre bacias tem sido uma solução adotada para mitigar os efeitos da distribuição desigual dos recursos hídricos. Este artigo trata de uma análise sobre os principais desafios em relação à gestão ambiental do Projeto de integração do rio São Francisco com as bacias do Nordeste Setentrional, situado em região semiárida do Brasil. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de análises bibliográficas sobre o assunto e documentos oficiais acerca do empreendimento, fornecidos pelo governo do Brasil. A partir da compilação das informações obtidas nas diversas bibliografias, foi possível identificar quatro principais desafios da gestão ambiental no âmbito do projeto: o conflito entre os setores energético e de irrigação, a operação do sistema de captação e distribuição da água ao longo dos canais, os impactos não abordados no estudo de impacto ambiental e as consequências do armazenamento da água em reservatórios. O enfrentamento das questões levantadas passa pela dinamização da matriz energética do país, pela adoção de modernas tecnologias de instrumentação e corpo técnico qualificado para operar o sistema para viabilizar a cobrança pelo uso das águas, por maior controle e fiscalização das técnicas de manejo na irrigação na áreas, investimento em infraestrutura de saneamento básico, gestão do uso do solo na bacia, além do uso de dispositivos que diminuam a evaporação nos reservatórios. A consideração dos desafios da gestão ambiental identificados neste trabalho pode colaborar para o atendimento aos objetivos e à sustentabilidade do projeto de integração do rio São Francisco.
Palavras-chave: Gestão ambiental. Desafios. Transferências de água. Integração do Rio São Francisco.
Partida de um reator UASB na codigestão de água negra com resíduos orgânicos alimentares
Authors: de Oliveira Prado Larissa , Magalhães Chiquito Gabriel , Loureiro Paulo Paula , Árpád Boncz Marc
Published: December 2021

Novas concepções para o tratamento de fontes segregadas do esgoto doméstico têm sido propostas como alternativa ao tratamento convencional. Assim, com o objetivo de investigar o desempenho de um reator UASB, durante a codigestão de água negra com resíduos orgânicos alimentares (AN-ROA), quanto à cinética de degradação da matéria orgânica e a conservação de nutrientes para reúso do efluente, foi realizada a partida do reator em bateladas com períodos de 12 e 6 dias. Durante esses períodos, o reator pôde alcançar satisfatoriamente a biodegradação da AN-ROA, com remoção de 86% e 84% de DQO total (DQOT), respectivamente, sendo a maior parte consumida na forma de sólidos em suspensão (DQOSS). Durante a partida, o reator apresentou aumento da alcalinidade a bicarbonato (HCO3-) e manteve pH em faixa favorável a digestão anaeróbia, sem acúmulo de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV). Os nutrientes fosfato (PO43-) e nitrogênio total (NT) foram conservados no efluente tratado.
Palavras-chave: Água negra. Codigestão. Cinética. Resíduos orgânicos alimentares. tratamento descentralizado.
Teaching poverty and health: importing transformative learning into the structures and paradigms of medical education
Authors: Cartmill Carrie , Whitehead Cynthia , Ihekwoaba Esther , Goel Ritika , Green Samantha , Haidar Mona , Harriott Dawnmarie , Wright Sarah
Published: December 2021

Background: As a paradigm of education that emphasizes equity and social justice, transformative education aims to improve societal structures by inspiring learners to become agents of social change. In an attempt to contribute to transformative education, the University of Toronto MD program implemented a workshop on poverty and health that included tutors with lived experience of poverty. This research aimed to examine how tutors, as members of a group that faces structural oppression, understood their participation in the workshop.
Methods: This research drew on qualitative case study methodology and interview data, using the concept of transformative education to direct data analysis and interpretation.
Results: Our findings centred around two broad themes: misalignments between transformative learning and the structures of medical education; and unintended consequences of transformative education within the dominant paradigms of medical education. These misalignments and unintended consequences provided insight into how courses operating within the structures, hierarchies and paradigms of medical education may be limited in their potential to contribute to transformative education.
Conclusions: To be truly transformative, medical education must be willing to try to modify structures that reinforce oppression rather than integrating marginalized persons into educational processes that maintain social inequity.
THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTEGRATING COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT
Authors: Gîdei Mariana , Dumitru Răzvan-Constantin
Published: December 2021

Currently, in the conditions of the modern economy, with the increase in complexity and diversity of organizations, an important role is played by managers who tend to professionalize by learning the science of management, but also other adjacent fields that would enhance their managerial skills. A leader must be prepared to help the sports organization achieve its goals with the least material investment and minimal mental and physical effort. The managers of the social structures and the managers of the institutional level deal with the elaboration of the strategic plans, the formulation of the goals, the adaptation of the organizations to different changes, the direction of the attitude between the organization, the environment and the society. We proposed a practical-applied experimental study, in order to identify the defining elements of an integrated model of communication that can be applied in the teaching-learning process in the instructive activities of the faculties, by applying an integration questionnaire, applied to staff teachers and students at the State University of Physical Education and Sport, from various study programs.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE, ESTIMATED BY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE IN A GROUP OF ROMANIAN FEMALE STUDENTS
Authors: Vrabie Diana , Iacob George-Sebastian
Published: December 2021

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) also called bioelectrical impedance (BEI) is a non-invasive method based on the electric conductibility properties of tissues and is a commonly used technique for estimating body composition.Percentage of body fat is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases but its accurate measurement is difficult. Body Mass Index is a useful population-level measure of overweight and obesity. It is used for all categories of people, male or female.The main objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between BMI and body fat percentage (BF%) in a group of Romanian female students. This relationship has been studiedin various ethnic groups before. To conduct the study, we examined 29 young females (aged 20-36 years old) estimating BF% from bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita Body Fat Monitor Scale UM-076.In this research group, the BMI and BodyFat dependent variables have a moderate to strong correlation (r = .839; 0.75 < r < 1), the favorable score for the first measurement being a statistically relevant benchmark for the second (sig < 0.05).
ANALYSIS OF HIGH-SPEEDRUNNING AND SPRINT RUNNING IN ELITE FEMALE FOOTBALL COMPETITIONS
Authors: Stîncel Oana-Ruxandra , Lazăr Cristian , Nicoară Vlad , Oravițan Mihaela
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Although football is recognized as the fastest growing sport globally, scientific literature on female footballis still limited. Available published data in understanding the physical demands of female football players have described the necessity of a high level of physical conditioning during matches with average heart rates of 84-86% maximum heart rate and an average of 9.1-11.9 km in total distance covered in the running. The most commonly utilized physical performance measures reported are high-speed running (19km/h-23km/h) and sprinting (>23 km/h). A better understanding of football's physical, technical and tactical demands has resulted from investigations of both training and matches by wearing a global positioning system unit.Objective: This study aimed to assess the running speed and the proportions of different types of running during official competitions in elite female football players.Material and Method: A total of 22 female players (16 seniors and six juniors) that are part of a Romanian First League female football team -Politehnica Timisoara, have been monitored for running speed and covered distance in 6 official matches, which represent a quarter of the championship period. The assessment period was ten weeks (August-October 2021). The monitored parameters (total distance, distance/minute, low speed running, high speed running, sprint running, and maximum speed) wereobtained using K-Sport GPS with a high sampling rate of 50 Hz.Results: During the six analyzed matches the following average values were found: total covered distance -7906.33 ± 1176.68 m, distance/minute -90.83 ± 3.72 m/min, low-speed running distance-7598.50 ± 1102.16 m, high-speed running distance -308 ± 101.31 m, sprint running distance -69.50 ± 28.54 m, and maximum speed -25.13 ± 0.84 km/h.Conclusion: Regarding the monitored parameters (total distance, average speed, proportion of different speed running, maximum speed), we observed a constancy between different matches. During female football matches, high-speed running and sprinting covered 4.77% of the total distance. Based on this data, a future training objective would be the enhancement of this percentage in order to optimize the key moments of the matches.
THE LEVEL OF MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT COMPARED TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NATIONAL EVALUATION SYSTEM IN GRADE 4 STUDENTS
Authors: IORDĂCHESCU Marina , GEORGESCU Carmen Mariana , ORȚĂNESCU Dorina
Published: December 2021

A good knowledge of the level of development of motor skills of students allows us to identify/improve/establish the level ofmanifestation of its components and the relationships between them. Physical fitness is a strong indicator of health in childhood and adolescence and a main objective for the specialist in the field. In this context, the present study was carried out in 2018-2019and aimed to determine the level of development of motor skills in fourth-grade students from several school units in Craiova, compared tothe requirements of the national evaluation system. Materials and methods.In order to ascertain the level of somatic and motor development of the group included in the present approach, anthropometric measurements and motor testswere applied, namely: height, weight, torso/chest height, abdominal perimeter, arm span,thestanding long jump, supine trunk lifts, the 25mrunning speedand the long-distancerunning. The recording methods applied were those already standardized. Results. Following the analysis of the recorded data we can state that,as far as somatic indicators are concerned, the investigated group presents values below the average of students of the same age in both girls and boys, and there are no significant differences between sexes. However, there is a downward trend inthe average values in the motor tests, many of the recorded values being above therequirements of the national evaluation system. Also, the body mass index calculated for the target group has values that place the studentsin a comfortable range, the average being below the underweight threshold. Conclusions. We consider such approaches very useful, both for a diagnosis of what is actually happening in the school, and forapplying targeted intervention programs to improve any deficiencies.
Unaprjeđenje rezilijentnosti edukacijom potaknuto potresom i pandemijom
Authors: Čolja-Hršak Zlatica , Runko Luttenberger Lidija
Published: December 2021

Napredak u tehnici i prirodnim znanostima usmjeren smanjenju rizika od nepogoda pruža znanja o mehanizmima prirodnih opasnosti, uključujući procese koji ih pretvaraju u katastrofe. Takva znanstvena saznanja nude rješenja za izbjegavanje ranjivosti infrastrukture i društva. Područje Republike Hrvatske nalazi se na tektonski vrlo aktivnom području, čiju aktivnost dokazuju mnogi potresi zabilježeni kroz povijest. Depresivnost, posttraumatski stresni poremećaj, anksioznost i razni strahovi, najčešće su posljedice koje potres ostavlja na djeci i mladima. Rezilijentnost je sposobnost pojedinca da primjereno odgovori na stres koja se uči, vježba i razvija, pri čemu važnu ulogu imaju škola i edukacija. Djeca moraju znati da su potresi prirodne pojave i da se pojavljuju iznenada, ali isto tako moraju znati kako se ponašati ako do njih dođe, obzirom da živimo na seizmički aktivnom području. Stoga treba od najranije dobi djecu educirati i pripremati na mogućnost pojave potresa ali i drugih prirodnih katastrofa.
Fighting and Victory as Basic Terms in Agonistics and Praxeology and the Art of War
Authors: Wołejszo Jarosław , Malasiewicz Konrad
Published: December 2021

Questions of how to overcome problems are probably the basic questions of fighters. Answers to them, from a historical perspective, the principles of martial art have been provided. These provisions, often mutually exclusive, raise questions related to the scientific approach to this issue. The scientific specialty dealing with the issue of combat is agonistics. This article is devoted to the presentation of the main concepts of agonistics and the general combat theory. In the first section, the author searches for an answer to the question whether an agonist meets the basic criteria of a scientific theory. The second section is devoted to the presentation of its main category, which is  the concept of struggle. The last chapter refers to the purposeful cause of this theory represented by the concept of victory. This article confronts praxeological and sociological content with concepts characteristic of martial arts, and its main idea is to harmonize divergent insights on the phenomenon of struggle and victory, the main categories of agonistics. The research used theoretical (analysis, synthesis, comparison, inference and generalization) and empirical methods have been used. Additionally, a diagnostic survey has included the expert interview technique. The research results are presented in individual subsections of the article.
An Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Number Of Safety Incidents In Civil Aviation
Authors: Guzanek Patrycja , Borucka Anna
Published: December 2021

Aviation is the youngest of the transport industries, yet despite its short history, it is considered one of the most important spheres of transport, both in terms of passenger and cargo transportation. Civil aviation is used by an increasing number of people, and the number of aircraft used by airlines around the world continues to grow. An inherent element that is a particularly important aspect of this mode of transportation is security. In civil aviation, there are numerous dangers associated with events occurring before the flight, during the flight, as well as those associated with the landing process. The events need to be controlled and their causes actively sought and ultimately prevented. The Polish Civil Aviation Authority, as part of the creation of the National Civil Aviation Safety Program, developed the National Safety Plan 2020-2023. The document covers threats identified in the Systemic, European, and National Areas. They are characterized and classified based on the materiality (significance) of the event. The aim of this article is to characterize and analyze selected factors (e.g. collisions with birds, helicopter events) that affect the number of safety incidents in civil aviation. The background of the study was the analysis and synthesis of the literature on the subject, while the main research method was the statistical analysis of historical data on aviation incidents.  The data provided in Poland's National Security Plan 2020-2023 were used to distinguish the factors associated with the threats present and synthetically evaluate their impact. The analyses made it possible to identify areas of particular safety risks and form the basis for further detailed research.
Suborbital rockets in safety & defense applications
Authors: Noga Tomasz
Published: December 2021

This paper presents benefits from using suborbital rockets in safety & defense applications. The paper describes suborbital rockets and their contribution to modern science, research and technology development. A historical view of suborbital rockets and their applications in safety & defense roles is discussed. Chosen research & development activities, military exercises and air defense systems’ tests performed using suborbital rockets in various countries are listed and described based on a literature review of publicly available sources. The paper presents capabilities of Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation in the field of suborbital rockets. A development of ILR-33 AMBER 2K rocket reaching flight speeds over Mach 4 and optimized to reach 100 km altitude is described with comment regarding its applicability in safety & defense applications supported by flight simulations.
Implementation of methods and algorithms for geometric and structural modeling in the problems of parametric design of a ship's hull structure
Authors: Рюмин С.Н. , Тряскин В.Н.
Published: December 2021

В работе рассмотрены методология и алгоритмы геометрического и конструктивного моделирования судовых конструкций специализированного программного обеспечения и автоматизированных систем для проектирования конструкции корпуса судна в соответствии с требованиями Правил Российского морского Регистра судоходства и Гармонизированных общих Правил МАКО. Даны понятия геометрического и конструктивного моделирования. Показано место геометрического и конструктивного моделирования в общей структуре системы автоматизированного проектирования судовых конструкций, рассмотрены основы моделирования конструкций в виде плоского конструктивного сечения и трехмерного перекрытия. Описаны возможности специального программного обеспечения – редакторов геометрической и конструктивной модели. Рассмотрена структура специализированного геометрического ядра автоматизированной системы. Приведены примеры использования предлагаемых методов и алгоритмов в разработанном авторами программном обеспечении автоматизированных систем, обоснованы преимущества предлагаемых методов по сравнению с ранее известными решениями.

The paper considers the methodology and algorithms for geometric and structural modeling of ship structures, which are used in specialized software of computer-aided systems for the design of the ship's hull structure in accordance with the requirements of the Russian maritime register of Shipping Rules and the IACS Harmonized Common Structure Rules. The concepts of geometric and constructive modeling are given. The place of geometric and structural modeling in the general structure of the computer-aided design of ship structures is shown, the basics of modeling structures in the form of a flat structural section and three-dimensional grillage are considered. The possibilities of special software - editors of geometric and structural models are described. The structure of a specialized geometric kernel of the computer-aided system is considered. Examples of using the proposed methods and algorithms in the developed by authors software of computer-aided systems are given, the advantages of the proposed methods are substantiated in comparison with previously known solutions.
Investigation of parameters recorded by the monitoring system of an engineering structure using big data analysis methods
Authors: Коршунов В.А. , Кузнецова В.Н. , Мудрик Р.С. , Пономарев Д.А. , Родионов А.А.
Published: December 2021

В работе представлены результаты анализа и обработки с помощью математического аппарата «науки о больших данных» информации, получаемой в системе мониторинга напряженно-деформированного состояния морского инженерного сооружения. Для анализа данных использована процедура машинного обучения с учителем, рассмотрены различные модели машинного обучения. Приведен пример анализа результатов работы системы мониторинга напряженно-деформированного состояния морской нефтедобывающей платформы. Предложены варианты оптимизации системы путем уменьшения числа рассматриваемых датчиков и замены их математической моделью. Созданы математические модели для восстановления значений специально исключенных датчиков, а также для построения краткосрочного и долгосрочного прогнозов. С помощью анализа больших данных получена новая информация пригодная для практических и научных целей.

The paper presents the results of analysis and processing with the help of the mathematical apparatus of the "science of big data" of information received in the monitoring system of the stress-strain state of a marine engineering structure. For data analysis, the machine learning procedure with a teacher is used, various machine learning models are considered. An example of the analysis of the results of the monitoring system of the stress-strain state of an offshore oil production platform is given. Options for optimizing the system are proposed - reducing the number of sensors under consideration. Mathematical models have been created to restore the values of specially excluded sensors, as well as to build short-and long-term forecasts. With the help of big data analysis, new information has been obtained that is suitable for practical and scientific purposes.
Experimental evaluation of step-by-step and continuous flaring methods for fixing thick-walled tubes in thick tubesheets
Authors: Санников А.В.
Published: December 2021

В работе рассматривается актуальная задача крепления толстостенных труб в толстых трубных решетках в теплообменных аппаратах.
В настоящее время в теплообменных аппаратах с толстыми трубными решетками широко применяются так называемые комбинированные соединения, изготовление которых предусматривает предварительную развальцовку концов труб на конус, сварку концов труб с трубной решеткой и последующую радиальную раздачу труб на всю толщину трубной решетки. В работе проведена оценка технических возможностей пошаговых и ленточно-винтовых вальцовок при развальцовке толстостенных труб в толстых трубных решетках. Дано сравнение качества образцов соединений по критериям герметичности, прочности и состоянию поверхностей на развальцованных участках труб, полученных двумя различными способами развальцовки: пошаговым и непрерывным. Приведена сравнительная количественная оценка затрат времени, требуемого для развальцовки труб тем или иным способом. В процессе развальцовки труб в образцах было установлено, что как пошаговые, так и ленточно-винтовые вальцовки способны развальцовывать толстостенные трубы с соотношением внутреннего и наружного диаметров близким к 0,66 (если это отношение меньше 0,66, то такие трубы принято считать «невальцуемыми»).
В результате исследований установлено, что вальцовки ЛВК могут успешно применяться для закрепления особо толстостенных труб малых диаметров в толстых трубных решетках, для которых применение пошаговых вальцовок может быть проблематичным из-за высокой вероятности поломки (скручивания) веретен.

The paper considers the actual problem of fixing thick-walled tubes in thick tubesheets in heat exchangers.
Currently, so-called combined joints are widely used in heat exchangers with thick tubesheets, the manufacture of which provides for pre-rolling the ends of the tubes into a cone, welding the ends of the tubes with a tubesheet and subsequent radial distribution of tubes to the entire thickness of the tubesheet. The paper evaluates the technical capabilities of step-by-step and band-screw rolling when rolling thick-walled tubes in thick tubesheets. The quality of joint samples is compared according to the criteria of tightness, strength and condition of surfaces on the rolled sections of tubes obtained by two different methods of expanding: step-by-step and continuous. A comparative quantitative assessment of the time required for tube expanding in one way or another is given. In the process of expanding tubes in the samples, it was found that both step-by-step and tape-screw rolling rolls are able to roll thick-walled tubes with a ratio of internal and external diameters close to 0.66 (if this ratio is less than 0.66, then such tubes are considered "non-expanding".
As a result of the research, it is proved that LVK rollers can be successfully used for fixing especially thick-walled tubes, for which the use of step-by-step rollers can be problematic due to the high probability of breakage (twisting) of the spindles.
Methods of evaluation of production and technological work with shipbuilding
Authors: Герман Г.В. , Никитин Н.В.
Published: December 2021

Оценка и анализ производственно-технологических работ судостроительных предприятий обусловлен необходимостью обеспечения конкурентоспособности вновь создаваемых объектов морской техники с показателями качества на уровне лучших мировых образцов с одновременным повышением темпов технико-экономического развития их производства. Названная проблема диктует необходимость адекватной оценки состояния технического оснащения производства, а также наиболее эффективных направлений вложения средств на техническое перевооружение. Техническое оснащение производства во многом зависит от уровня автоматизации, механизации технологических процессов, объёмов ручных работ, конструктивно-технологических особенностей создаваемых объектов морской техники, серийности производства и т.д. Для судостроения, судового машиностроения с учётом единичного и мелкосерийного производства характерна высокая доля ручного труда, особенно при выполнении механомонтажных работ. В статье предложен принципиально новый подход к оценке производственно-технологических работ (уровней технического оснащения производства) судостроительных предприятий. Приведены результаты расчётов и оценки на примере переделов (видов работ) механомонтажного производства для группы отечественных судостроительных предприятий. Предложенный метод оценки производственно-технологических работ (потенциалов) универсален для любых видов судостроительных и машиностроительных работ.

Evaluation and analysis of production and technological works of shipbuilding enterprises is conditioned by the need to ensure the competitiveness of newly created marine equipment facilities with quality indicators at the level of the world's best samples, while increasing the pace of technical and economic development of their production. This problem dictates the need for an adequate assessment of the state of technical equipment of production, as well as the most effective ways of investing funds for technical re-equipment. The technical equipment of production largely depends on the level of automation, mechanization of technological processes, the volume of manual work, the design and technological features of the created objects of marine equipment, serial production, etc. For shipbuilding, marine engineering, taking into account single and small-scale production, a high proportion of manual labor is characteristic, especially when performing mechanical installation work. The article proposes a fundamentally new approach to the assessment of production and technological works (levels of technical equipment of production) of shipbuilding enterprises. The results of calculations and estimates on the example of repartitions (types of work) are given mechanical assembly production for a group of domestic shipbuilding enterprises. The proposed method of evaluation of production and technological works (potentials) is universal for all types of shipbuilding and machine-building works.
Criteria for comparing artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Пятакович В.А. , Рычкова В.Ф. , Левченко Н.Г.
Published: December 2021

Модели нейронных и нейро-нечетких сетевых критериев сравнения в задачах диагностики и классификации образов. Предложен комплекс критериев для оценки свойств искусственных нейронных и нейро-нечетких сетей. Он включает в себя критерии разнообразия, подгонки, эластичности, равнозначности, устойчивости к шуму, аварийной ситуации, а также заданную монотонность для построения нейронной модели. Применение предложенных критериев на практике позволяет автоматизировать процесс построения, анализа и сравнения нейронных моделей для решения задач диагностики и классификации паттернов. Предложено решение задачи повышения эффективности параметрического синтеза нейросетевых моделей сложных систем для обоснованного принятия решений о классификации подводных целей. Научная новизна работы заключается в том, что впервые предложен комплекс моделей критериев, характеризующих такие свойства нейронных и нейро-нечетких сетей как разнообразие, переобученность, эластичность, эквифинальность, устойчивость к шуму, эмерджентность, что позволяет автоматизировать решение задачи анализа свойств и сравнения нейросетевых и нейро-нечетких моделей при решении задач диагностики и классификации образов. В работе решена актуальная задача автоматизации анализа свойств и сравнения нейросетевых моделей.

Models of neural and neuro-fuzzy network comparison criterions in the tasks of diagnostics and pattern classification. The complex of criterions for an estimation of properties artificial neural and neuro-fuzzy networks is proposed. It includes criterions of variety, overfitting, elasticity, equifinality, stability to a noise, emergency, and also set monotonicity for a neural model construction. The application of offered criterions in practice allows to automatize the process of a construction, analysis and comparison of neural models for problem solving of diagnostics and patternt classification. The solution of the problem of increasing the efficiency of parametric synthesis of neural network models of complex systems for informed decision-making on the classification of underwater targets is proposed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time a set of models of criteria characterizing such properties of neural and neuro-fuzzy networks as diversity, retraining, elasticity, equifinality, noise resistance, emergence is proposed, which allows automating the solution of the problem of analyzing the properties and comparing neural network and neuro-fuzzy models when solving problems of diagnostics and classification of images. The paper solves the actual problem of automating the analysis of properties and comparison of neural network models.
Algorithm for adaptive correction of the ship's movement along the trajectory in the presence of a sea current
Authors: Дыда А.А. , Чумакова К.Н. , Красавина А.Ф.
Published: December 2021

В статье предложен алгоритм адаптивной коррекции движения судна по траектории при наличии морского течения. В основе предлагаемого подхода лежит алгоритм градиента вспомогательных функций. Показаны преимущества предложенного алгоритма адаптивной коррекции движения судна по траектории. Сущность предлагаемого подхода заключается в замене прямолинейного участка маршрута судна, новой виртуальной траекторией и использовании ее во вспомогательной функции и при вычислении соответствующего вектора градиента. Компьютерное моделирование подтвердило эффективность предложенного алгоритма адаптивной коррекции. Адаптивные свойства разработанного алгоритма выражаются в том, что он обеспечивает асимптотически точное движение по участкам запланированной траектории, не используя информации о скорости и направлении морского течения. Предполагается использование предложенного адаптивного алгоритма при разработке систем автоматического управления движением судна по маршруту.

The article proposes an algorithm for adaptive correction of the ship's movement along the trajectory in the presence of a sea current. The proposed approach is based on the gradient algorithm of auxiliary functions. The advantages of the proposed algorithm for adaptive correction of the ship's motion along the trajectory are shown. The essence of the proposed approach is to replace the straight-line section of the ship's route with a new virtual trajectory and use it in an auxiliary function and in calculating the corresponding gradient vector. Computer simulation has confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive correction algorithm. The adaptive properties of the developed algorithm are expressed in the fact that it provides asymptotically accurate movement along sections of the planned trajectory, without using information about the speed and direction of the sea current. It is supposed to use the proposed adaptive algorithm in the development of systems for automatic control of the ship's movement along the route.
Assessing Bioavailability of Typical Lakes and Reservoirs in Northeast China Based on Phosphorus Fractions
Authors: Junqiu Wu  , Yue Zhao  , Ran Zhao  , Liming Jia  , Wei Zimin
Published: December 2021

To explore the eutrophication degree in the typical lakes and reservoirs of the northeast region of China, the bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) of the lakes has been examined in this study. The laboratory incubation was carried out at 20 °C for 55 days and the concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), DOP and the microbial biomass have been detected. Results showed that, during the process of incubation, the concentrations of TDP and DRP were increased, whereas the DOP was decreased, which leads to the decreased mineralization rate. In addition, the changes of microbial biomass were fluctuant, but they had significantly positive effects on the concentration changes and mineralization rate of DOP (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis among the phosphate fractions showed that the TDP significantly promoted the DRP concentration, mineralization rate of DOP and the cumulative mineralization of DOP. The kinetics model was conducted to predict the further mineralization of DOP and to analyze the pollution degree of the eight lakes and reservoirs. Accordingly, the lakes with high DRP and TDP had worse water quality and are prone to algae blooms.
Herbal Medication of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Septiyan Taufik , Gofarana Wilar  , Nasrul Wathoni
Published: December 2021

A mouth ulcer or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a mouth mucous tissue inflammation. This disease mainly occurs in patients 10-40 years of age, preferably in women and high socioeconomic backgrounds. The cause of mouth ulcers or RAS could be trauma, infection, digestive problems, or blood disorders. Herbal practitioners widely use herbs, folks, and society to treat various diseases. This research aimed to describe the herbal treatment for RAS. The review results show there are nine plants with the ability to cure RAS, they are Persea americana Mill., Averrhoa bilimbi L., Abrus precatorius Linn., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze., Psidium guajava L., Kaempferia galanga Linn., Aloe vera, Curcuma longa and Citrus hystrix DC. The most parameters used in the studies are clinical trials and in vitro tests.
Inclusão socioprodutiva e legislação sanitária
Authors: Oliveira Ramos Mariana , Thomé da Cruz Fabiana , Coelho-de-Souza Gabriela
Published: December 2021

A inclusão socioprodutiva com segurança sanitária busca promover modelos descentralizados de processamento de alimentos, que são, por sua vez, parte importante da sustentabilidade dos sistemas agroalimentares e da produção de alimentos diversos e saudáveis. Este artigo discute o papel da qualidade normativa na promoção da inclusão socioprodutiva, tomando por base o estudo de unidades de processamento de frutas nativas nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de 33 entrevistas, entre 2016 e 2017, a trabalhadores ou responsáveis por unidades de processamento, bem como a atores do ambiente institucional (fiscais sanitários) e do organizacional (técnicos de extensão rural); e, ainda, através da observação participante da atualização do Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade de polpas de frutas, promovida pelo MAPA, entre 2016 e 2018. Os dados apontam que a predominância de indústrias e suas organizações na atualização de parâmetros de qualidade reforça a exclusão de aspectos sociais, ambientais, culturais e de saúde, embora tais aspectos sejam centrais na noção de identidade e qualidade construída por famílias agricultoras e consumidoras. Os resultados evidenciam a importância de assegurar a participação de organizações da agricultura familiar, de consumidores e do setor saúde na construção das normativas que definem a qualidade. A análise aponta a necessidade de estratégias e espaços de controle social da qualidade normativa de alimentos, para que esta passe a incorporar parâmetros excluídos, os quais atendem demandas do campo da agroecologia e da saúde, de modo a avançar em processos de inclusão socioprodutiva.
Modern instrumental control method of texture parameters of bakery and pastry products
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry», Chernykh V.Ya.
Published: December 2021

На основании проведенных исследований предлагается анализ реологического поведения мякиша булочных и сдобных изделий в процессе хранения, который предусматривает определение следующих показателей текстуры мякиша: твердость, индекс твердости, модуль упругости и скорость черствения. Проба мякиша цилиндрической формы готовится путем вырезания его с помощью пробника, с внутренним диаметром 36 мм из ломтя хлеба, толщиной 20 мм, приготовленного с помощью ломтерезки. Продолжительность хранения хлебобулочных изделий в упакованном виде составляла для батонов нарезных 5 сут. и для булочки сдобной 4 сут. Установлена динамика и кинетика показателей текстуры в зависимости от продолжительности хранения хлебобулочных изделий. Установлено, что скорость черствения у батона нарезного выше, чем у булочки сдобной. Проведенные исследования позволяют производителю по показателю индекса твердости прогнозировать изменение состояния структуры мякиша булочных и сдобных изделий при их хранении у потребителя.
Snack production — current trends and development prospects
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State University of Food Production», Dubcova G.N. , Lomakin A.A. ,   Puratos
Published: December 2021

Рынок снеков в настоящее время является одним из самых динамично развивающихся. Приведена информация о состоянии рынка снеков в настоящее время и динамика его развития. Рассмотрены требования современных потребителей к снекам и изделия, представленные на рынке. Изложенная информация говорит о том, что наиболее перспективным для развития является рынок хлебопекарных снеков как наиболее динамично развивающийся. При этом снек должен соответствовать требованиям полезного питания, нести дополнительный функционал для здоровья организма и быть натуральным.
Amino acid content in flour of gluten-free crops
Authors:   «Scientific Research Institute of Food-concentrate Industry and Special Food Technology» - branch «Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology and Food safety», Urubkov S.A. , Khovanskaya S.S. ,   «Scientific Research Institute of Food-concentrate Industry and Special Food Technology» - branch «Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology and Food safety», Smirnov S.O. ,   «Scientific Research Institute of Food-concentrate Industry and Special Food Technology» - branch «Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology and Food safety»
Published: December 2021

Элиминационная диетотерапия при пищевой непереносимости глютена резко ограничивает поступление в организм человека растительного белка, что приводит к серьезным нарушениям здоровья. Проведено исследование аминокислотного состава белка муки безглютеновых культур: гречихи и амаранта. Общее количество аминокислот в гречневой муке — 12130 мг/100 г, в амарантовой — 9970 мг/100 г. Общее количество незаменимых аминокислот в гречневой и амарантовой муке находится примерно на одном уровне — 374 и 36,1 мг/100 г соответственно. По содержанию незаменимых аминокислот в исследуемых культурах можно отметить высокий уровень лизина — 740 мг/100 г в гречневой муке и 610 мг/100 г в амарантовой муке. Высокое содержание триптофана (200 мг/100 г) и фенилаланина (530 мг/100 г) и отмечается в белках гречихи. Большое количество валина (620 мг/100 г), метионина (250 мг/100 г), изолейцина (520 мг/100 г) содержится в белке амаранта. Ограничение содержания лейцина, лизина и треонина относит белок данных безглютеновых культур в ряд неполноценных, что характерно для растительного белка и, в частности, белка зерновых культур. Аминокислотами, ограничивающими степень усвоения белка, для амаранта являются лейцин (скор — 76,0%) и лизин (скор 88,4%), лимитирующими аминокислотами для гречихи являются лейцин (скор — 84,7%) и треонин (скор — 85,6%). Исследования показали, что белок гречихи и амаранта имеет высокую биологическую ценность относительно других безглютеновых зерновых культур, однако является неполноценным, что характерно для растительного белка и, в частности, белка зерновых культур.
Koodisanana proletaarinen internationalismi
Authors: Savonen Tuomas
Published: December 2021

Yhdysvaltain kommunistisen puolueen pitkäaikainen, suomalaissyntyinen pääsihteeri Gus Hall oli malliesimerkki proletaarisen internationalismin edustajasta. Kansainvälisen kommunistisen liikkeen yhtenäisyys oli hänelle kaikki kaikessa, tosin sillä edellytyksellä, että yhtenäisyys toteutui Neuvostoliiton määrittelemissä puitteissa. Hallin neuvostomielisyys juonsi lapsuusvuosista, kun hän jo alle kymmenvuotiaana poikasena seurasi innolla lokakuun vallankumouksen etenemistä. Opinnot Neuvostoliitossa Moskovan kansainvälisessä Lenin-koulussa vahvistivat nuoren Hallin neuvostomielisyyttä 1930-luvun alussa, ja sitä vahvisti entisestään Hallin johtaman puolueen hänen pääsihteeri kaudellaan Moskovasta saa-ma taloudellinen tuki, jonka käytöstä hän pääsi varsin itsevaltaisesti päättämään. Puoluejohdon kapeakatseinen neuvostomielisyys oli kuitenkin omiaan eristämään kommunistisen puolueen amerikkalaisen politiikan valtavirrasta ja kansalaisjärjestökentästä, ja puolue ja sen pääsihteeri jäivätkin Yhdysvaltain poliittisessa elämässä marginaalisen kuriositeetin asemaan.
Knygrišyklos tarpukario Kaune: procesai ir įtakos
Authors: Taukinaitytė Narbutienė Rūta
Published: December 2021

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Kauno knygrišyklų veikla tarpukariu. Tuo metu veikė keli jų tipai: tai spaustuvių knygrišyklos, nedidelės atskiros privačios knygrišystės įmonės ir individualiai dirbantys meistrai. Knygų įrišimo paslauga naudojosi tiek įvairios įmonės bei organizacijos, tiek privatūs asmenys. Knygrišyklų veikla, pajėgumai, siūlomos paslaugos, darbo organizavimas, ten dirbančių meistrų tapatybės, profesinis pasirengimas, klientų poreikiai ir daugybė kitų dalykų paaiškėja ištyrus archyvinius šaltinius. Iš čia sužinome, kad ir didelės spaustuvių knygrišyklos, ir mažos įmonės atlikdavo ir masinės gamybos įrišimus, ir vienetinius individualius užsakymus. O tarp jų pasitaikydavo gerokai (10 kartų) brangesnių įrišimų, todėl, tikėtina, tai buvo geresni, brangesnių medžiagų ir vienaip ar kitaip, daugiau ar mažiau dekoruoti odos įrišimai. Taip pat aiškėja, kad knygrišyklų mechanizacija nebuvo sparti, tad gamyboje dominavo rankų darbas.
ELF magnetic field receiver: frequency performance and natural signals detection
Authors: Carducci Leonardo Martín , Alfonso Ramiro , Fano Walter Gustavo
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se presenta el análisis de la etapa analógica de un receptor de campo magnético para frecuencias extremadamente bajas (ELF). Se describen detalles sobre la caracterización y modelado de la antena utilizada, así como el comportamiento en frecuencia del sistema. Para lograr una mayor sensibilidad, se fabricó una bobina con una inductancia considerablemente alta (800 H), además de una etapa de amplificación de alta ganancia (88 dB). Se definió un modelo de circuito equivalente para la antena y se determinaron sus elementos parásitos mediante mediciones de laboratorio y aproximaciones computacionales. El sistema de adquisición tiene una etapa de digitalización con una frecuencia de muestreo de 100 Hz. Para estudiar su comportamiento frente a posibles efectos de aliasing, se realizó un análisis de la etapa analógica en el dominio de la frecuencia determinando las condiciones óptimas de funcionamiento. Las pruebas de campo del equipo se llevaron a cabo en las sierras de Villa Alpina, Córdoba, Argentina. Teniendo en cuenta que el sistema fue diseñado para la medición y estudio de fenómenos electromagnéticos naturales en la banda ELF, se han logrado detectar con éxito las primeras seis resonancias de Schumann.
Zentrale Textsorten von Fachzeitschriften am Beispiel der Vergleichstests im Mountainbike-Magazin BIKE
Authors: Kovács-Gombos Ádám
Published: December 2021

Deutschland ist kein Schwergewicht im Mountainbike-Sport, obwohl seine Vorreiterrolle in der Technik, in der Entwicklung und in der Industrie unbestritten ist. Trotzdem hat weder diese Sportart in den deutschsprachigen Medien noch die Fachsprache des Mountainbikes in den sprachwissenschaftlichen Forschungen das verdiente Interesse bekommen. Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich daher zum Ziel, die Sprache des Mountainbike-Sports am Beispiel einer deutschsprachigen Fachzeitschrift vorzustellen.

Der Mountainbike-Sport wird nicht nur als Leistungssport, sondern auch als ein technischer Sport betrachtet, bei dem großer Wert auf das Fahrrad - als technisches Gerät - gelegt wird, demzufolge weist die von den zahlreichen Mountainbike-Fachblättern benutzte Sprache einen hohen Grad an Fachlichkeit auf. Der theoretische Teil des Beitrags widmet sich daher der Darstellung der Fachlichkeit und Fachsprachlichkeit im Alltag. Nach der Vorstellung des BIKE Magazins auf dem Markt der deutschsprachigen Mountainbike-Zeitschriften erfolgt die Schilderung seiner marktführenden Testmethoden und einer seiner zentralen Textsorten: des Tests. Hierbei stützt sich die Arbeit auf das Modell von Fandrych und Thurmair (2011) zur Beschreibung von Textsorten; dabei sollen auf den Ebenen der Kommunikationssituation, der Textfunktion sowie auf der thematisch-strukturellen und formal-grammatischen Ebene die wichtigsten Merkmale der Textsorte „Test“ erläutert werden.
Vertalen en ambiguïteit
Authors: Varga Orsolya
Published: December 2021

In alle talen is de meerderheid van de woordenschat polyseem, dat wil zeggen, de meeste woorden hebben meerdere betekenissen. Zowel polysemie als homonymie kunnen tot ambiguïteit leiden. We maken uit de context op om welke betekenis het gaat.

Er zijn echter gevallen waarbij het uit de context toch niet duidelijk is welke betekenis wordt bedoeld: bijvoorbeeld in poëzie, woordspelletjes of moppen.

Aangezien er geen twee talen zijn waarin de woorden precies dezelfde betekenisvelden bezitten, vormt het een basisprobleem bij het vertalen.

Hoe gaan vertalers om met de meerduidigheid van woorden en uitdrukkingen in de brontaaltekst? Hoe kunnen we de verschillende soorten ambiguïteiten categoriseren? Op basis van een aantal case-studies en mijn eigen ervaringen als literair vertaalster streef ik ernaar om dit probleem in kaart te brengen en op deze vragen een antwoord te geven.