bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irradiating the Path to High‐Efficiency Zn‐Ion Batteries: An Electrochemical Analysis of Laser‐Modified Anodes
Authors: Durena Ramona , Fedorenko Leonid , Griscenko Nikita , Vanags Martins , Orlova Liga , Onufrijevs Pavels , Stanionyte Sandra , Malinauskas Tadas , Zukuls Anzelms
Published: August 2024

Global energy consumption is increasing yearly, yet the world is trying to move toward carbon neutrality to mitigate global warming. More research is being done on energy storage devices to advance these efforts. One well‐known and widely studied technology is Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Therefore, this paper demonstrates how laser irradiation at wavelengths of 266 and 1064 nm, in the presence of air or water, can enhance the electrochemical performance of metallic zinc anode in alkaline electrolyte. The obtained samples are characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Then, the electrochemical properties are studied by cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements. Results indicate that the laser processing of the Zn sample increases surface‐specific capacity by up to 30% compared to the non‐irradiated Zn sample. Furthermore, electrochemical measurements reveal enhanced participation of metallic Zn grains in the oxidation and reduction processes in irradiated samples. In future research, integrating laser treatment into electrode preparation processes can become essential for optimizing anode battery materials.
Performance Impact of Lead‐Free CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells with HTL‐Free Incorporation
Authors: Alam Md. Shah , Warda Rawdad Nawer , Akter Omi , Das Dipta Kumar
Published: August 2024

Lead‐containing halide perovskites show promise for solar energy but pose ecological and health risks. To address these, researchers are exploring inorganic binary metal perovskites. This study proposes an eco‐friendly, durable hole transport layer (HTL)‐free design of CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Using the SCAPS‐1D simulator, we assessed the efficiency of an HTL‐free planar heterojunction, while the Density Functional Theory (DFT)‐based CASTEP simulator evaluated the optical properties of CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 in an orthorhombic structure. Key findings highlight enhanced performance under 100 Wm−2 AM 1.5G illumination by optimizing absorber layer thickness to 800 nm and reducing defect densities in both the perovskite absorber layer and interfaces to 1 × 1014 cm−3.Additonally, the effects of different electron transport materials (ETMs), optimization of electron transport layer (ETL) thickness (30‐50 nm), and back contact design improvements were examined. The simulation's results included an increase over the highest values reported in the literature: an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.06 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 28.52 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 86.57%, and a PCE of 26.18% for the FTO/Zn0.875Mg0.125O/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/Se perovskite solar cell (PSC). This research provides theoretical insights for developing high‐efficiency power modules without HTLs with significant industrial and research potential.
Survivorship program including long‐term toxicities and quality‐of‐life development over 10 years in a randomized trial in operable stage III non‐small‐cell lung cancer (ESPATUE)
Authors: Schulte Christina , Gauler Thomas , Pöttgen Christoph , Friedel Godehard , Kopp Hans‐Georg , Fischer Berthold , Schmidberger Heinz , Kimmich Martin , Budach Wilfried , Cordes Sebastian , Wienker Johannes , Metzenmacher Martin , de Los Rios Rodrigo Hepp , Spengler Werner , De Ruysscher Dirk , Belka Claus , Welter Stefan , Luetke‐Brintrup Diana , Guberina Maja , Oezkan Filiz , Darwiche Kaid , Schuler Martin , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Aigner Clemens , Stamatis Georgios , Stuschke Martin , Eberhardt Wilfried Ernst Erich
Published: August 2024

Over 40% stage‐III non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) experience 5‐year survival following multimodality treatment. Nevertheless, little is known about relevant late toxicities and quality‐of‐life (QoL) in the further long‐term follow‐up. Therefore, we invited pts from our randomized phase‐III trial (Eberhardt et al., Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015) after 10 years from diagnosis to participate within a structured survivorship program (SSP) including follow‐up imaging, laboratory parameters, cardio‐pulmonary investigations, long‐term toxicity evaluations and QoL questionnaires. Of 246 pts initially accrued, 161 were considered potentially resectable following the induction therapy and were randomized (80 to arm A: definitive chemoradiation; 81 to arm B: definitive surgery; 85 not randomized for different reasons; group C). 31 from 37 pts still alive after 10 years agreed to the SSP (13 in A; 12 in B; 6 in C). Clinically relevant long‐term toxicities (grade 3 and 4) were rarely observed with no signal favoring any of the randomization arms. Furthermore, available data from the global QoL analysis did not show a signal favoring any definitive locoregional approach (Mean QoL in SSP A pts: 56.41/100, B pts: 64.39/100) and no late decline in comparison to baseline and early 1‐year follow‐up. This is the first comprehensive SSP of very late survival follow‐up reported in stage‐III NSCLC treated within a randomized multimodality trial and it may serve as important baseline information for physicians and pts deciding for a locoregional treatment option.
Establishment of post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (post‐PCI) clinic in Thailand
Authors: Manapattanasatien Thidarat , Phanthumetamat Nuanchan , Kanaderm Chanikarn , Kehasukcharoen Wirash , Rattanavipanon Wipharak , Nathisuwan Surakit , Chaiyasothi Thanaputt
Published: August 2024

Background

Although significant advancements have been made in the acute management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Thailand, there is a need for improvement in the longitudinal care post cardiac stenting.

Objective

The study aimed to describe the successful establishment of the first post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) clinic in Thailand and its preliminary impact compared with historical controls.

Method

A multidisciplinary outpatient clinic entitled the “post‐PCI clinic,” consisting of cardiologists, nurses, clinical pharmacists, a physical therapist, and a dietitian, was established in 2016 to provide longitudinal care for patients who underwent cardiac stenting at a tertiary care hospital. A standard care pathway, along with the clinic's standard operating protocols, was designed and implemented. A pre‐post intervention, quasi‐experimental study, was conducted to compare the usage rate of secondary prevention medications between patients enrolled in the post‐PCI clinic (January–April 2016) and historical controls (January–June 2015) at month 6 after hospital discharge.

Results

During January–April 2016, 91 patients were enrolled in the post‐PCI clinic, with a mean age of 59.2 ± 11.9 years and 65.9% being male. Of these patients, 94.5% presented with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Regarding the PCI procedure, 90.1% underwent primary PCI, and 9.9% underwent elective PCI. Almost all patients (98.9%) received drug‐eluting stent placement, except for one. Compared with the historical control group, the usage rates of Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) (94.5% vs. 76.5%; p < 0.001), beta‐blockers (93.4% vs. 81.4%; p = 0.013), and high‐intensity statins (90.1% vs. 33.3%; p < 0.001) were higher in the post‐PCI clinic group 6 months after discharge. The three most common interventions by clinical pharmacists were recommendations to initiate new therapy (52.4%), suggestions to adjust dosage regimen (36.7%) and suggestions to change therapy (10.9%).

Conclusion

The post‐PCI clinic led to a higher usage rate of secondary prevention medications compared with historical controls.
Synthesis of rGO/CuBi2O4 nanocomposite as an effective photocatalyst in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to corresponding amines under visible light
Authors: Hosseinian Elham , Moghanlou Ali Oji , Nanekaran Farshid Salimi , Khanizadeh Behnam , Tarighi Nayer Mohammadian
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Chemical pollutants, such as nitroaromatic compounds, have been a significant challenge in recent decades of human societies as they contribute to environmental pollution and pose serious health risks due to their high toxicity. One promising and green method to address this issue is the photocatalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to their corresponding amino aromatic compounds. In this study, an rGO/CuBi2O4 nanocomposite was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, involving the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and the coupling of CuBi2O4 nanoparticles in its layers. The resulting heterogeneous structure was characterized using various techniques including FTIR, Raman, XPS, XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDAX, UV–Vis DRS, BET, PL spectroscopy, and EIS. Subsequently, the photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposite in reducing nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding aromatic amines under visible light was evaluated.

RESULTS

The results indicated that graphene oxide was effectively reduced and coupled with CuBi2O4 nanoparticles in the reduced graphene oxide sheets. The rGO/CuBi2O4 heterogeneous nanocomposite successfully reduced nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding aromatic amines under visible light. Hydrazine monohydrate was used to supply the necessary hydrogen for the reaction.

CONCLUSION

This study confirmed the high photocatalytic activity of the rGO/CuBi2O4 heterogeneous nanocomposite. Our nanocomposite was more effective than others, reported in similar studies, at reducing nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amino aromatic compounds. Additionally, it demonstrated high recycling and reuse properties, as there was no significant change in reaction conversion percentage and nanocomposite amount after 16 reuses. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Echo‐planar DWI variants: A comparative study in vertebral marrow pathology
Authors: Kesen Sevcihan , Tokgöz Nil
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (ss‐EPI) has limited application in vertebral column imaging due to numerous artifacts. Therefore, we aimed to compare readout‐segmented echo‐planar imaging (rs‐EPI) to ss‐EPI and assess its value in the differential diagnosis of vertebral infectious, tumoral infiltrative, and degenerative disorders.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐six adult patients with spondylodiscitis (SD, n = 26), tumoral infiltration (TI, n = 20), or Modic type I degeneration (DE, n = 20) findings on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) included in this retrospective study. Two radiologists scored images for quality on a 4‐point scale (image resolution, degree of geometric distortion, lesion selectivity, and diagnostic reliability) and measured signal intensity (SI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). DE and SD groups also united to form the benign group.

Results

In all groups, rs‐EPI performed better than ss‐EPI in image quality, SNR, and CNR (p < 0.05). The difference between mean pathological ADC (ADCP) in the two sequences was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of ADCP in rs‐EPI (p = 0.229), unlike ss‐EPI (p = .025). Pathological SI (SIP) and CNR in rs‐EPI were significantly higher in the malignant group than benign group (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). In rs‐EPI, no significant difference was found between malignant and benign groups' ADCP (p = 0.13).

Conclusion

The rs‐EPI is a diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) method with higher image quality that diminishes motion‐induced phase errors and increases resolution through phase corrections. However, the distinction of malignant and benign vertebral bone marrow pathologies is unsatisfactory for rs‐EPI compared with ss‐EPI.
Benefits of Cochlear Implantation for Older Adults With Asymmetric Hearing Loss
Authors: Johnson Benjamin R. , Dillon Margaret T. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Richter Margaret E. , Overton Andrea B. , Rooth Meredith A. , Davis Amanda G. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Selleck A. Morgan , Brown Kevin D.
Published: August 2024

Objective(s)

FDA‐approved indications for cochlear implantation include patients with severe‐to‐profound unilateral hearing loss (UHL) or asymmetric hearing loss (AHL); however, these indications are not covered for Medicare beneficiaries. We assessed the outcomes of cochlear implant (CI) use for older adults with UHL or AHL.

Methods

Eighteen older adults (≥65 years of age at surgery) with UHL/AHL participated in a prospective, longitudinal investigation evaluating outcomes of CI use. Speech recognition for the affected ear was evaluated with consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) words. Spatial hearing was assessed with measures of sound source localization and sentence recognition in noise. The target sentence was presented from the front and the masker was either co‐located with the target (SoNo), presented toward the affected ear (SoNci) or contralateral ear (SoNcontra). Perceived benefit was assessed with the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing scale (SSQ) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).

Results

Participants experienced significant improvements with CI use for CNC words (mean [SD]; preop: 8% [10%], 1 yr: 51% [22%], 5 yr: 50% [19%]), masked sentence recognition (SoNcontra preop: 5% [6%], 1 yr: 22% [15%], 5 yr: 41% [14%]), and localization (preop: 76° [18°], 1 yr: 40° [11°], 5 yr: 41° [14°]), and reported significant improvements in hearing abilities (SSQ Spatial Hearing preop: 3 [1], 1 yr: 6 [2], 5 yr: 6 [2]) and tinnitus severity (THI preop: 16 [18], 1 yr: 4 [14], 5 yr: 6 [12]).

Conclusion

Older adults with UHL/AHL experience significant improvements in speech recognition, spatial hearing, and subjective perceptions (e.g., hearing abilities and tinnitus severity) with a CI as compared to pre‐operative abilities.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 2024
Glucose Oxidase‐Coated Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles as an Innovative Catalyst for In Situ H2O2‐Releasing Hydrogels
Authors: Thi Phuong Le , Tu Quang Anh , Oh Dong Hwan , Park Ki Dong
Published: August 2024

In situ forming and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐releasing hydrogels have been considered as attractive matrices for various biomedical applications. Particularly, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐catalyzed crosslinking reaction serves efficient method to create in situ forming hydrogels due to its advantageous features, such as mild reaction conditions, rapid gelation rate, tunable mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility. Herein, a novel HRP‐crosslinked hydrogel system is reported that can produce H2O2 in situ for long‐term applications, using glucose oxidase‐coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO2@GOx NPs). In this system, CaO2 gradually produced H2O2 to support the HRP‐mediated hydrogelation, while GOx further catalyzed the oxidation of glucose for in situ H2O2 generation. As the hydrogel is formed rapidly is expected and the H2O2 release behavior is prolonged up to 10 days. Interestingly, hydrogels formed by HRP/CaO2@GOx‐mediated crosslinking reaction provided a favorable 3D microenvironment to support the viability and proliferation of fibroblasts, compared to that of hydrogels formed by either HRP/H2O2 or HRP/CaO2/GOx‐mediated crosslinking reaction. Furthermore, HRP/CaO2@GOx‐crosslinked hydrogel enhanced the angiogenic activities of endothelial cells, which is demonstrated by the in vitro tube formation test and in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. Therefore, HRP/CaO2@GOx‐catalyzed hydrogels is suggested as potential in situ H2O2‐releasing materials for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Near‐Infrared (NIR)‐II‐Conjugated Polymers Coupled With Nonconjugated Segments for NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging–Guided NIR‐II Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Hu Zixin , He Jiarong , Xi Chenhang , Xu Sicheng , Shen Qingming , Chen Pengfei , Sun Pengfei , Fan Quli
Published: August 2024

The development of conjugated polymer–based water‐soluble nanoparticles for near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) fluorescence (FL; 1000–1700 nm)‐guided photothermal therapy holds promise in advancing cancer treatment. However, excessive nonradiative decay leads to almost complete quenching of conjugated polymers’ fluorescence. Therefore, a critical challenge is to suppress nonradiative decay while maintaining high‐quality fluorescence imaging and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency. In this study, a series of NIR‐II‐conjugated polymers with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effects are designed and synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction. The dual enhancement strategy of modulating the AIE units and introducing non‐conjugated backbone into the polymer backbone resulted in BCT1 with a high αAIE value of 3.27. BCT1 nanoparticles exhibit excellent NIR‐II fluorescence, a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 70.51%, and a tenfold enhancement in fluorescence compared with BT1. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments validated their good biocompatibility and outstanding performance in NIR‐II fluorescence imaging for accurately determining the location of tumors. This study provides a novel strategy and method for designing and developing multifunctional conjugated polymers for NIR‐II fluorescence imaging–guided photothermal therapy.
The Effects of High‐Fat Diet and Flaxseed Oil‐Enriched Diet on the Lung Parenchyma of Obese Mice
Authors: Ramos Camila de Oliveira , Sant'Ana Marcella Ramos , Gonçalves Giovana Rios , Rios Thaiane da Silva , Nakandakari Susana Castelo Branco Ramos , Burger Beatriz , Fernandes Luís Gustavo Romani , Zollner Ricardo de Lima , de Oliveira Arthur Noin , Ramos Rodrigo Catharino , da Silva Adelino Sanchez Ramos , Pauli José Rodrigo , de Moura Leandro Pereira , Ropelle Eduardo Rochete , Mansour Eli , Cintra Dennys Esper
Published: August 2024

Omega‐3 (ω3) fatty acids are widely investigated for their anti‐inflammatory potential, however, there is little evidence regarding their action in the lung parenchyma in the context of obesity. The objective is to investigate the effects of flaxseed oil (FS), rich in α‐linolenic (C18:3 – ω3), on the lungs of obese mice. Mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, a part of these animals received HF containing FS oil for another 8 weeks. The HF consumption induced weight gain and hyperglycemia. The lung parenchyma shows a complete fatty acids profile, compared to the control group (CT). In the lung parenchyma, FS increases the ω3 content and, notwithstanding a reduction in the interleukins (IL) IL1β and IL18 contents compared to HF. However, FS promoted increased alveolar spaces, followed by MCP1 (Monocytes Chemoattractant Protein‐1) positive cell infiltration and a dramatic reduction in the anti‐inflammatory cytokine, IL10. Despite reducing the pulmonary inflammatory response, the consumption of a food source of ω3 was associated with alterations in the lipid profile and histoarchitecture of the lung parenchyma, which can lead to the development of pulmonary complications. This study brings an alert against the indiscriminate use of ω3 supplements, warranting caution.
Stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about obesity among dental team members
Authors: Malik Zanab , Williams Kathryn , Cockrell Deborah , Collins Clare E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Weight stigma is prevalent within healthcare settings and is an aspect of the lived experience of people living with obesity. There is international evidence of weight stigma in the dental setting, where currently there is also evidence indicating limited training amongst dental professionals regarding obesity or obesity‐related stigma. There has been Australian research and none have included dental support staff.

Aims

This cross‐sectional survey aimed to assess stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs of dental professionals (registered general dentists, oral health therapists) and support staff (dental assistants, dental receptionists) working in private and public regional practices in New South Wales and specialists in Special Needs Dentistry across Australia toward people living with obesity.

Methods

An anonymous electronic validated survey was administered through REDCap™ to assess stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs held amongst respondents in relation to people living with obesity.

Results

Fifty‐three participants completed the survey (n = 33 clinicians, n = 20 support staff). The majority 47/53 (88.7%) held positive attitudes toward people living with obesity. Of the clinicians, 15/33 (45.5%) reported 1 hour or less and 14/33 (42.4%) reported two to 5 hours of obesity‐related education. 14/20 (70%) of the support staff reported no prior education or training about obesity. Of responses reflecting weight stigma, only three clinicians reported negative reactions toward the appearance, or discomfort during examination, of a patient with obesity, or a perception of laziness, compared with normal weight individuals. A higher proportion 4/20 (20%) of support staff reported responses indicating negative attitudes for people with obesity compared with normal weight individuals.

Conclusion

Survey responses reflected evidence of weight stigma in both dental professionals and support staff. Professional development targeting weight stigma reduction in the dental setting is needed for both clinicians and support staff.
Two lenses for exploring relationships between seabirds and fishers: Unveiling reciprocal contributions
Authors: Ojeda Jaime , Morello Flavia , Suazo Cristián G. , Astorga‐España María S. , Salomon Anne K. , Ban Natalie C.
Published: August 2024

Reciprocal relationships between fishers and marine life have been documented in Indigenous fishing contexts, but there are few case studies that describe the mechanisms of such relationships, and even fewer that explore other contexts, such as that of artisanal fishers in Latin American countries.

We studied the artisanal hake fishery in the sub‐Antarctic channels of Chilean Patagonia, a global hotspot for albatross and petrel diversity. We aimed to uncover nature's contributions to hake fishers and, reciprocally, the potential fishers' contributions to marine life with a particular emphasis on seabirds. We adopted a bifocal observational strategy. From a human perspective, ethnographic methods (e.g., semi‐structured interviews) are analysed with Nature's Contributions to People and reciprocal contribution frameworks. From the seabirds' view, we assessed offal consumption through experimental and observational methods. We randomly threw offal items into the sea and observed the seabird responses (whether they consumed offal).

Hake fishers' relationships with the marine environment are multidimensional, particularly with seabirds. Based on fishers' perceptions, we identified four key contributions of seabirds to humans: they serve as value indicators of fishing distribution and concentration areas, offer companionship and recreation during fishing activities, enhance scenic emotionality through the presence of albatrosses and assist in the function of sea cleaning. In reciprocal contributions, artisanal fishers viewed hake offal as a beneficial food source for the seabirds, especially the liver. Fishers described that fishing in the right way can reduce bycatch and effort.

The fishers' main contribution to seabirds is through offering them the offal of hake catches. We observed that seabirds consumed hake liver 99% of the time, while they consumed stomach less frequently (24%). We identified that southern giant petrels and black‐browed albatrosses consumed more liver, while kelp gulls ate more stomach. The liver comprises 51.6% fat, essential for high trophic level marine predators such as black‐browed albatrosses.

Adopting reciprocal contributions and NCP served as a catalyst for understanding fishers' positive actions but also is a promoter to research multiple views of nature–human relationships in fishing settings. Values of nature, like reciprocity, could enrich ecosystem‐based management strategies.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for predicting lamotrigine exposure and dose optimization in pediatric patients receiving combination therapy with carbamazepine or valproic acid
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Shao Wenxin , Wang Xingwen , Geng Kuo , Wang Wenhui , Li Yiming , Chen Youjun , Xie Haitang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Lamotrigine (LTG) is an antiepileptic drug that has been used in pediatric epilepsy as a combination therapy or monotherapy after stabilization in recent years. However, there are significant drug–drug interactions (DDI) between LTG and combined drugs such as carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproic acid (VPA). It is particularly important to consider the risk of DDI in combination therapy for intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the dosage of LTG accordingly. The aim of this study was to establish and validate a pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting LTG exposure. The model is designed to explore the potential for quantifying pharmacokinetic (PK) DDI of LTG when administered concurrently with CBZ or VPA in pediatric patients.

Method

Adult and pediatric PBPK models for LTG and VPA were developed using PK‐Sim® software in combination with physiological information and drug‐specific parameters, and a DDI model was developed in combination with the published CBZ model. The models were validated against available PK data.

Results

Predictive and observational results in adults, children, and the DDI model were in good agreement. The recommended doses of LTG for preschool children (2–6 years) and school‐aged children (6–12 years) in the absence of drug interactions were 1.47 and 1.2 times higher than those for adults, respectively; 3.1 and 2.6 times higher than those for adults in combination with CBZ; and 0.67 and 0.57 times lower than those for adults in combination with VPA. In addition, plasma exposures in adolescents (12–18 years) were similar to those in adults at the same doses.

Conclusion

We have successfully developed PBPK models and DDI models for LTG in adults and children, which provide a reference for rational drug use in the pediatric population.
Exploring biofiber properties and their influence on biocomposite tensile properties
Authors: Oyedeji Oluwafemi A. , Hess Jocelyn , Zhao Xianhui , Williams Luke , Emerson Rachel , Webb Erin
Published: August 2024

Biofibers serve as effective reinforcements for neat polylactic acid (PLA) in biocomposites, offering an attractive opportunity to decarbonize the manufacturing sector of the United States by displacing fossil‐based reinforcement fibers such as carbon fibers. Also, biofiber production can stimulate economic growth in rural economies, fueling sustainable development. PLA resins are commonly compounded with biofibers to create biocomposites suitable for additive manufacturing. PLA‐biofiber composites often exhibit better overall material properties than neat (pure) PLA, but the associations between biofiber properties and the material properties of their biocomposites remain largely unexplored. Hence, this research delves into a comprehensive exploration of diverse biofibers, scrutinizing their physical and chemical attributes, including size, shape, ash content and biochemical composition. The study meticulously analyzes the flow properties of each biofiber and elucidates the ultimate tensile strengths and Young's modulus of corresponding biocomposite samples. Noteworthy correlations between biofiber and biocomposite tensile properties are uncovered, shedding light on critical interrelationships. The study introduces an approach employing regression models to predict the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of biocomposites. These models, validated with a cross‐validation technique, exhibit remarkable predictive accuracy, particularly in estimating ultimate tensile strength. © 2024 Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT‐Battelle, LLC and The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Unsuccessful rechallenge with nivolumab in a patient with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer who had a 6‐year complete response and treatment‐free period: Case report
Authors: Takakura Toshiaki , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Washioka Atsushi , Murakami Eriko , Shibaki Ryota , Shimizu Toshio , Koh Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Nobuyuki
Published: August 2024

Several predictive factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor response have been reported, but there has not been sufficient exploration of which patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge. We report the case of a patient with non‐small cell lung cancer who had 6 years of complete response with initial nivolumab treatment. After relapse, however, rechallenge with nivolumab did not result in tumour shrinkage or long‐term response. Even in patients who had an exceptional response to the initial immune checkpoint inhibitor, long‐term efficacy may not be achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge. Thorough investigation of biomarkers that predict efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge is warranted.
Effectiveness of Visual Attention Span Training on Learning to Read and Spell: A Digital‐game‐based Intervention in Classrooms
Authors: Valdois Sylviane , Zaher Ahmed , Meyer Svetlana , Diard Julien , Mandin Sonia , Bosse Marie Line
Published: August 2024

Longitudinal studies on mainstream children and training studies in the dyslexic population suggest that visual attention span (VAS) abilities contribute to reading acquisition. We evaluated to what extent VAS training in beginning readers might enhance later literacy skills. A large cohort of 453 children was followed from the beginning to the end of Grade 1. A first group of students was trained on a custom‐designed digital application—called EVASION—that targeted VAS abilities. Another group used the GraphoGame application, while the third was a “business‐as‐usual” group. A total training time of 10 h was recommended; training was performed during the regular school day, under the sole supervision of teachers. Pre–post intervention assessment revealed higher VAS, higher reading fluency improvement, and higher postintervention spelling skills in the EVASION group. Children who spent more time playing with EVASION improved more in both VAS and literacy skills. In the whole population, VAS enhancement predicted reading fluency improvement and posttraining spelling skills, independently of other reading related skills and of the class effect. The overall findings suggest that training VAS in the classroom might prevent difficulties in learning to read and spell. Evidence for longitudinal effects of VAS training on literacy skills support a causal relationship. In improving multiletter parallel processing, training would translate into better orthographic learning, yielding higher reading fluency and spelling skills.
Structural Analysis and Electrical Property of Acid‐Treated MWCNT
Authors: Lee Jaekwang , Lim Hyunwoo , Ha Joo‐yeon , Lee Seungjae , Lee Heesoo
Published: August 2024

The electrical properties of acid‐treated CNT were investigated in terms of functional group and microstructure. A mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 was used to acid treatment of CNT, and acid‐treated CNTs were synthesized by the mixture for 0 to 5 h. In crystal structure analysis, as acid treatment time was increased, the intensity of graphite diffraction peak was decreased and shifted to lower angle. It indicates a decrease in the crystallinity of CNT surface and lattice contraction by loss of carbon atoms. The distribution of oxygen on CNT surface was observed by TEM analysis confirming that functional groups and structural defects were formed. ID/IG ratio and average distance between defects (LD) were calculated using Raman spectroscopy to analyze the structural characteristics of CNT, and the greatest decrease was identified from p‐CNT to 2h‐CNT, resulting in the formation of functional groups and the changes in structural defects on CNT surface by acid treatment in the initial stage. Bonding state on CNT surface was analyzed through XPS analysis, and functional groups such as CO and COH were confirmed in acid‐treated CNT. Sheet resistance was measured to analyze the electrical properties of CNT, and 3h‐CNT showed the lowest sheet resistance at 25.28 Ω.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Numerical Simulation of 40CrNiMo Steel for Wind Turbine Pulley Shafts
Authors: Wei Hongyu , Liu Wensheng , Zhang Ke , Wei Wei , Wu Qun , Zhang Mingya , Tao Xiaoping , Liu Hongyan
Published: August 2024

The hot deformation behavior (T = 800–1100 °C, = 0.01–10 s−1) of 40CrNiMo steel for wind turbine pulley shafts was studied by Gleeble‐3800 thermomechanical simulator. A constitutive equation and hot processing map are established based on the friction and temperature correction curves. The most available hot processing parameters are determined by combining microstructure analysis. The temperature fields and effective strain fields under different deformation conditions are simulated by Deform‐3D software. The results indicate that the effect of friction on the flow curves is greater than that of temperature rise, the activation energy Q of hot deformation for 40CrNiMo steel calculated based on the theoretical calculation is 368.292 kJ mol−1. The constitutive model based on strain compensation has high accuracy, with an average relative error of 6.65% and a correlation coefficient of 0.987. The optimum hot processing interval is at a deformation temperature of 950–1050 °C and a strain rate of 0.03–0.25 s−1, which has a high‐power dissipation value and avoids the instability region. Additionally, numerical simulation results show that the temperature field distribution is uniform in this deformation range, and the standard deviation of the effective strain is low, making it suitable for hot processing.
Early use of the reinforced concrete in the architecture of the Historicism in Austria–Hungary
Authors: Lovra Éva , Bereczki Zoltán
Published: August 2024

The study examines the early incorporation of reinforced concrete in the architecture of Historicism in Austria–Hungary. Spanning the late 19th to early 20th centuries, the research illuminates the period's stylistic pluralism and the transformative impact of reinforced concrete. The paper examines the integration of reinforced concrete into traditional forms, providing detailed case studies and architectural examples. It navigates through various aspects, including the evolution of reinforced concrete during the historicist period, its adoption in notable structures, and its documentation in contemporary literature. Case studies, such as the Lutheran Church in Battyánd (now Puconci, Slovenia), the Roman Catholic Church in Topolya (now Bačka Topola, Serbia), and the former Synagogue in Český Krumlov, Czechia, showcase the innovative ways reinforced concrete addressed structural challenges while adhering to historicist aesthetics. The research concludes by reflecting on the transformative role of reinforced concrete in challenging the conventions of Historicism, paving the way for modern architectural expressions.
Genome‐wide analysis of HD‐Zip genes in Sophora alopecuroides and their role in salt stress response
Authors: Zhu Youcheng , Wang Di , Yan Fan , Wang Le , Wang Ying , Li Jingwen , Yang Xuguang , Gao Ziwei , Liu Xu , Liu Yajing , Wang Qingyu
Published: August 2024

We aimed to identify HD‐Zip (homologous domain leucine zipper) family genes based on the complete Sophora alopecuroides genome sequence. Eighty‐six Sophora alopecuroides HD‐Zip family (SaHDZ) genes were identified and categorized into four subclasses using phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome localization analysis revealed that these genes were distributed across 18 chromosomes. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed high similarity among members of the SaHDZ genes. Prediction analysis revealed 71 cis‐acting elements in SaHDZ genes. Transcriptome and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that under salt stress, SaHDZ responded positively in S. alopecuroides, and that SaHDZ22 was significantly upregulated afterward. Functional verification experiments revealed that SaHDZ22 overexpression increased the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt and osmotic stress. Combined with cis‐acting element prediction and expression level analysis, HD‐Zip family transcription factors may be involved in regulating the balance between plant growth and stress resistance under salt stress by modulating the expression of auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathway genes. The Sophora alopecuroides adenylate kinase protein (SaAKI) and S. alopecuroides tetrapeptide‐like repeat protein (SaTPR; pCAMBIA1300‐SaTPR‐cLUC) expression levels were consistent with those of SaHDZ22, indicating that SaHDZ22 may coordinate with SaAKI and SaTPR to regulate plant salt tolerance. These results lay a foundation in understanding the salt stress response mechanisms of S. alopecuroides and provide a reference for future studies oriented toward exploring plant stress resistance.
Evaluation of the detection method by a flotation method using a wire loop for gastrointestinal parasites
Authors: Takano Aruto , Morinaga Daikichi , Teramoto Isao , Hatabu Toshimitsu , Kido Yasutoshi , Kaneko Akira , Hatta Takeshi , Tsuji Naotoshi , Uni Shigehiko , Sasai Kazumi , Katoh Hiromitsu , Matsubayashi Makoto
Published: August 2024

Infections by gastrointestinal parasites are found in a variety of animals worldwide. For the diagnosis of such infections, the flotation method is commonly used to detect parasitic microorganisms, such as oocysts or eggs, in feces. Instead of adding a flotation solution after the final centrifugation step and using a cover slip to collect the parasites, the method using a wire loop for the recovery of the organisms has been reported as one of alternative methods. However, the recovery rates of microorganisms from the flotation method have not been analysed. In the present study, the utility of a flotation method with the use of a wire loop of 8 mm in diameter (the loop method) was evaluated using different numbers of E. tenella oocysts and Heterakis gallinarum eggs, and chicken fecal samples collected at the farms. Consequently, we found that the oocysts and eggs in tubes could be collected at a ratio of 2.00 to 3.08. Thus, our results indicate that the loop method is a simple and time saving method, implicating the application for the estimated OPG/ EPG (Oocysts/Eggs per gram) of the samples.
Die Studie im Überblick
Authors: Julmi Christian , Eifert Anna , Dammert Jakob E. , Wittwer Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Die Gewinnung und Bindung von Personal steht vor dem Hintergrund des bestehenden Fachkräftemangels bei vielen Unternehmen inzwischen ganz oben auf der Agenda. Als Arbeitgeber attraktiv zu sein, ist längst kein Nebenkriegsschauplatz mehr, sondern bestimmt das langfristige Überleben von Unternehmen.
EANM guidelines on the use of [18F]FDG PET/CT in diagnosis, staging, prognostication, therapy assessment, and restaging of plasma cell disorders
Authors: Nanni Cristina , Deroose Christophe M. , Balogova Sona , Lapa Constantin , Withofs Nadia , Subesinghe Manil , Jamet Bastien , Zamagni Elena , Ippolito Davide , Delforge Michel , Kraeber-Bodéré Francoise
Published: August 2024

We provide updated guidance and standards for the indication, acquisition, and interpretation of [18F]FDG PET/CT for plasma cell disorders. Procedures and characteristics are reported and different scenarios for the clinical use of [18F]FDG PET/CT are discussed. This document provides clinicians and technicians with the best available evidence to support the implementation of [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging in routine practice and future research.
Spatial and temporal tracking of multi-layered cells sheet using reporter gene imaging with human sodium iodide symporter: a preclinical study using a rat model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Otani Kentaro , Zeniya Tsutomu , Kawashima Hidekazu , Moriguchi Tetsuaki , Nakano Atsushi , Han Chunlei , Murata Shunsuke , Nishimura Kunihiro , Koshino Kazuhiro , Yamahara Kenichi , Inubushi Masayuki , Iida Hidehiro
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate a novel technique for cell tracking by visualising the activity of the human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) after transplantation of hNIS-expressing multilayered cell sheets in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction.

Methods

Triple-layered cell sheets were generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from mice overexpressing hNIS (hNIS-Tg). Myocardial infarction was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in F344 athymic rats, and a triple-layered MEFs sheets were transplanted to the infarcted area two weeks after surgery. To validate the temporal tracking and kinetic analysis of the transplanted MEFs sheets, sequential cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examinations with a 99mTcO4– injection were performed. The cell sheets generated using MEFs of wild-type mice (WT) served as controls.

Results

A significantly higher amount of 99mTcO4– was taken into the hNIS-Tg MEFs than into WT MEFs (146.1 ± 30.9-fold). The obvious accumulation of 99mTcO4– was observed in agreement with the region where hNIS-Tg MEFs were transplanted, and these radioactivities peaked 40–60 min after 99mTcO4– administration. The volume of distribution of the hNIS-Tg MEF sheets declined gradually after transplantation, implying cellular malfunction and a loss in the number of transplanted cells.

Conclusion

The reporter gene imaging with hNIS enables the serial tracking and quantitative kinetic analysis of cell sheets transplanted to infarcted hearts.
Clinical management of patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia treated with venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents after achieving a response: a real-life study
Authors: Jiménez-Vicente Carlos , Guardia-Torrelles Ares , Pérez-Valencia Amanda Isabel , Martínez-Roca Alexandra , Castaño-Diez Sandra , Guijarro Francesca , Cortés-Bullich Albert , Merchán Beatriz , Triguero Ana , Hernández Isabel , Brillembourg Helena , Munárriz Daniel , Zugasti Inés , Fernández-Avilés Francesc , Diaz-Beyá Marina , Esteve Jordi
Published: August 2024

Although there is an approved indication for venetoclax and hypomethylating agents (VenHMA) and its use in different AML settings will be expanded in the following years, the management of the adverse events (AEs) lacks of harmonized algorithms during treatment of these patients. We have studied the incidence of relevant AEs of 43 patients who achieved a response to VenHMA and its management. Median overall survival of our cohort was 19 months. No patients discontinued treatment due to AEs after C3D1, Regarding severe AEs, high rates of grade 4 neutropenia (97.6%) and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (65.1%) were observed. Severe infectious AEs rate was 16%. Due to severe myelotoxicity, most patients required a progressive dose reduction of both venetoclax and hypomethylating agents during follow-up, being 87.8% at C6D1. Transfusional dependence rate was 91% and G-CSF was prescribed to 86% of the patients. Finally, there was not a significant difference in hemoglobin, platelets and absolute neutrophil count after achieving complete response comparing paired samples during follow-up, although cytopenia rate was high during initial follow-up. We conclude that dose reduction of VenHMA after achieving a response in patients diagnosed with AML is required in most patients and essential to avoid prolonged cytopenia-related adverse events and a rapid and standardized method on how to perform it might decrease the AEs rate.
Recent advances in acute gastrointestinal graft versus host disease (aGvHD): aspects of steroid-resistant disease
Authors: Kujawska Joanna , Zeiser Robert , Gil Lidia
Published: August 2024

Acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD) is a common immunological complication occurring in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Moreover, aGvHD is associated with a higher risk of infections and metabolic complications, affecting non-relapse mortality. Progress in transplantation has changed the prophylactic and therapeutic strategies of aGvHD and improved patient outcomes. The standard first-line therapy remains steroids, with a response rate of about 50%. The Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor, ruxolitinib, is an effective second-line therapy. The management of patients who developed a disease that is refractory to steroids and ruxolitinib, especially in the severe gastrointestinal forms of aGvHD, is not validated and remains an unmet medical need. In the article, we present the current clinical practice, as well as the latest advances targeting pathophysiological pathways of GvHD and gut microbiota, which may be a potential future of aGvHD therapy.
DNA concentrations in amniotic fluid according to gestational age and fetal sex: data from 2573 samples
Authors: Gofin Yoel , Svirsky Ran , Lavi Ben Atav Dana , Liberman Meytal , Tenne Tamar , Perlman Sharon , Sukenik-Halevy Rivka
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In some cases of prenatal genetic testing, an ample amount of fetal DNA is needed, to allow for parallel testing (conducting several genetic tests simultaneously). This study investigated the association between amniotic fluid DNA concentration and various factors. We aimed to define the required amount of amniotic fluid to be extracted in amniocentesis, to allow parallel testing throughout gestational weeks.

Methods

DNA concentration was analyzed from amniocentesis samples taken during the years 2016–2022. Sex association was also analyzed in postnatal whole blood samples from a separate cohort. Theoretical minimum volume of amniotic fluid needed to ensure enough DNA for chromosomal microarray analysis and exome sequencing was calculated.

Results

We focused our analysis on 2573 samples, which were taken during weeks 17–23 and 30–35. DNA concentrations increased from weeks 17 to 21, with relatively stable concentrations thereafter. Significantly higher DNA concentrations were seen in pregnancies of female fetuses. DNA concentrations in postnatal whole blood samples did not show this association. Across most weeks, the volume needed to extract 2 µg of DNA from 95% of the samples was about 34 ml.

Conclusion

DNA concentrations in amniotic fluid vary according to gestational age and are higher in pregnancies of female fetuses. This should be considered when determining the volume of fluid extracted and the timing of amniocentesis, with greater volumes needed in earlier stages of pregnancy.