bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing mental health stigma in organizational settings: a sociolinguistic perspective
Authors: Wu Jasper Zhao Zhen , Zayts-Spence Olga , Fortune Zoë
Published: November 2024

Background

Sociolinguistic research on workplace mental health stigma is scarce and consequently, there are a lack of relevant conceptual models. Drawing on Goffman’s notion of stigma as a ‘language of relationships’, and Heller’s concept of ‘discursive space’, this paper offers a conceptual model of how stigma is produced and reinforced in workplace settings. Specifically, the model maps the complex discursive processes of mental health stigmatization through workplace discursive practices.

Methods

The model is empirically grounded and draws on 23 in-depth participant interviews with professional services employees in Hong Kong. Through a meta-discursive analysis of the employees’ experience in the workplace, the paper investigates how mental health stigma is produced in the workplace.

Results

Conceiving the workplace as a discursive space, the model demonstrates that mental health stigma unfolds across three discursive layers, namely immediate encounters, organizational practices, and societal ideologies. Mediated by discursive practices, such as identity management, stigma is both produced and perpetuated across the three layers.

Conclusions

The paper provides a model for analyzing the production of mental health stigma through dynamic discursive activities in the workplace. By doing so, it offers a way to systematically map how stigma, brought about through discourse in organizational settings, can regulate both interpersonal relationships and resource allocation (such as career prospects).
A qualitative exploration of active ingredients and mechanisms of action of an online singing programme with mothers experiencing postnatal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: SHAPER-PNDO study
Authors: Burton Alexandra , Bind Rebecca H. , Davis Rachel , Greenwood Lorna , Lee Ching Yin , Estevao Carolina , Hazelgrove Katie , Miller Celeste , Priestley Kristi , Rebecchini Lavinia , Osborn Tim , Dye Hannah , Dazzan Paola , Woods Anthony , Crane Nikki , Pariante Carmine M. , Fancourt Daisy
Published: November 2024

Background

Social distancing restrictions and the suspension of in-person treatment and support contributed to an increase in postnatal depression during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Creative health interventions can help to alleviate anxiety and depression, with studies showing that singing is particularly effective for supporting the mental health of new mothers. We adapted an in-person group singing programme (Breathe Melodies for Mums (M4M)) to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic to support the mental health of new mothers, and, in a feasibility study, found improvements in postnatal depression (PND) symptoms at 6-month follow up. The current qualitative study aimed to explore how and why M4M-online impacted the mental health of those taking part.

Methods

We took a theory-based approach using the INgredients iN ArTs in hEealth (INNATE) Framework of ‘active ingredients’ and the Multi-level Leisure Mechanisms Framework of ‘mechanisms of action’ to identify and categorise intervention components and change mechanisms. Iterative consensus building between three researchers was complemented by qualitative semi-structured online interviews with 24 women experiencing PND symptoms who took part in M4M-online. Data were analysed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Consistency was found between the online and in-person interventions in active ingredients relating to project design, content, programme management and the composition of the group. Key differences were in the social and contextual ingredients. Psychological, social and behavioural mechanisms for improved mental health and wellbeing included: (1) Increased self-confidence as a mother, (2) Increased positive emotional responses, (3) A supported exploration of self-dentity, (4) Reduced loneliness and isolation, (5) Increased social bonding and connections with family and (6) Enhanced sense of time through new routines.

Conclusions

Participating in online group singing can support new mothers experiencing PND by triggering psychological, social and behavioural responses that lead to improved mental health. Key programme features are identified which can be used to design future online creative health interventions or tailor in-person activities for remote delivery to support populations who may face practical and social barriers to attending in-person.
Retinal cytoarchitecture is preserved in an organotypic perfused human and porcine eye model
Authors: Chan Darren , Zhang Jenny Wanyu , Won Gah-Jone , Sivak Jeremy M.
Published: November 2024

Pathobiology of the intact human retina has been challenging to study due to its relative inaccessibility and limited sample availability. Thus, there is a great need for new translational models that can maintain human retinal integrity and cytoarchitecture. The role of physiologic intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluid flow on retinal tissue has not been well studied. Here, we present an ex vivo organotypic model to assess the impact of physiological intraocular perfusion on retinal cytoarchitecture and cell survival. We demonstrate that retinal cytoarchitecture is remarkably well preserved following re-establishment of physiological IOP and aqueous humor dynamics for up to 24 h in ex vivo whole globe porcine and human eyes, comparable to freshly preserved control eyes. Accordingly, cell death was minimized in the perfused retinas, which also displayed normal markers of cellular metabolism and astrogliosis. These results are in marked contrast to contralateral control eyes without active perfusion, which displayed excessive cell death and disrupted cytoarchitecture at the same time point. These experiments demonstrate the critical impact that physiological pressure and fluid flow have on retinal tissue, and introduce a new pre-clinical model to study human and porcine retinal health and degeneration in a relevant biomechanical setting.
A single-base deletion in exon 2 of Hd1 delineates monogenic recessive photoperiod insensitivity in aromatic Joha rice: a novel allele for seasonal adaptability
Authors: Reddy Bodeddula Jayasankar , Baradkar Shreekant M. , Manogna Tamma V. S. S. , Bordoloi Dibosh , Bihani Subhash C. , Barua Nagendra Sarma , Baruah Akhil Ranjan , Das Bikram Kishore , Mondal Suvendu , Sarma Debojit
Published: November 2024

Background

Assam's aromatic Joha rice is a unique rice class famous for its aroma, taste, and nutritional benefits, which fetch high market prices in domestic and international markets. Joha landraces are inherently poor yielders due to their strong aroma and predominantly photoperiod sensitivity. Hybridization involving non-aromatic HYVs improves yield with concomitant loss of quality. In this context, mutation breeding, a sustainable approach where genetic mutations are induced to create desirable traits, often provides useful allelic variation in specific morpho-agronomic traits. The present study delves into the genetic characterization of a photoperiod-insensitive mutant. As part of our mutation breeding programme, this mutant was isolated from a gamma ray-induced M2 population of a Joha rice landrace, Kon Joha.

Results

The mutant was unique, and a single recessive gene conditions the induced photoperiod insensitivity. Mutant gene tagging involved 402 SSR and InDel markers, and later polymorphic markers were used for bulk segregant analysis (BSA) in the F2 population of ‘mutant × Kalijeera (distant parent)’. BSA revealed an association between the SSR marker RM527 and this mutant trait. This marker is present on chromosome 6 of the rice genome. Using chromosome 6-specific SSR markers in polymorphic screening and BSA revealed another associated marker, RM19725, for the mutant trait. The genomic interval between RM527 and RM19725 harbors a photoperiod-insensitive gene, Hd1, on chromosome 6. Cloning and sequencing of Hd1 genomic fragments from the parents and mutants revealed a single-base deletion in exon 2, leading to a frameshift mutation in the Hd1 protein. This mutation in exon 2 leads to severe structural abnormalities in the CCT domain of the Hd1 protein that is critical for the interaction of the repressing complex with conserved response elements in the florigen gene under long-day conditions, thereby causing photoperiod insensitivity.

Conclusions

The mutant's pleasant aroma and other quality characteristics, comparable to those of the parent cultivar, hold significant promise. They expand its potential use in a structured breeding programme aimed at developing high-value aromatic Joha rice. This rice, resilient to winter- and summer-growing environments and with broad seasonal adaptability, could revolutionize the rice market. The practical value of our research is underscored by this exciting possibility.
Forecasting returns with machine learning and optimizing global portfolios: evidence from the Korean and U.S. stock markets
Authors: Chun Dohyun , Kang Jongho , Kim Jihun
Published: November 2024

This study employs a variety of machine learning models and a wide range of economic and financial variables to enhance the forecasting accuracy of the Korean won–U.S. dollar (KRW/USD) exchange rate and the U.S. and Korean stock market returns. We construct international asset allocation portfolios based on these forecasts and evaluate their performance. Our analysis finds that the Elastic Net and LASSO regression models outperform traditional benchmark models in predicting exchange rate and stock market returns, as evidenced by their superior out-of-sample R-squared values. We also identify the key factors crucial for improving the accuracy of forecasting the KRW/USD exchange rate and stock market returns. Furthermore, a machine learning-driven global portfolio that accounts for exchange rate fluctuations demonstrated superior performance. Global portfolios constructed using LASSO (Sharpe ratio = 3.45) and Elastic Net (Sharpe ratio = 3.48) exhibit a notable performance advantage over traditional benchmark portfolios. This suggests that machine learning models outperform traditional global portfolio construction methods.
Humanitarian aid practices on the Thai-Myanmar border after the coup: beyond depoliticization and inequality
Authors: Hou Tingyu
Published: November 2024

Since the military coup in Myanmar in February 2021, conflicts have escalated, leading to a contraction of humanitarian space. While local actors have increasingly played a crucial role in adapting to the crisis, they encounter significant constraints within the aid system. This study explores the complex dilemmas of humanitarian aid localization on the Thailand-Myanmar border, focusing on challenges related to unequal power dynamics and depoliticized bureaucratic practices. The research finds that bureaucratic and managerial approaches to depoliticization limit the autonomy of local actors, impair their decision-making capabilities, and reduce humanitarian issues to technical and administrative problems, neglecting the intricate political context of the border crisis. The tension between control and flexibility, intertwined with systemic inequalities, further marginalizes the political subjectivity of refugees, and hinders the effective advancement of the localization process. This paper argues that reforming the humanitarian aid system should shift beyond depoliticization and inequality, emphasizing the importance of respecting marginalized subjectivities to establish a genuine foundation of trust and achieve aid justice.
IL-33 triggers lung autophagy in anaphylaxis mice models
Authors: Haggag Nawal Zakaria , El-Shinnawy Nashwa Ahmed , Badr Gamal , Yousef Hany N. , Abd-Elhalem Sahar Sobhy
Published: November 2024

Background

The relationship between the alarming cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) and lung autophagy in systemic anaphylaxis mouse models is not yet fully elucidated, hence, the current study attempts to explain the regulation of lung autophagy in systemic anaphylactic mouse models. IL-33 plays a critical role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy regulation via insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3).

Results

The results of the present study confirmed the induction of systemic anaphylaxis in mice through the elevated mast cell mediators in the peritoneal lavage. Consequently, lung stress triggered IL-33 secretion that influenced autophagy markers; IGFBP-3, activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), autophagy related gene 4B (ATG4B), p62, microtubule-associated protein light chain3-II (LC3-II) as well as DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM1).

Conclusion

This research is a trial to investigate lung autophagy in compound 48/80 or ovalbumin-induced systemic anaphylaxis mouse models and pay a particular attention to the role of IL-33 in lung autophagy in such models.

Graphical abstract
Changing epidemiology and treatment responses in autoimmune liver diseases: a 14-year retrospective analysis from a tertiary care center
Authors: Bahçeci Buğra Kaan , Küçükdemirci Ömer , Ustaoğlu Müge , Eruzun Hasan , Bektaş Ahmet
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) over a 14-year period in a tertiary center. Additionally, we assessed factors influencing treatment response and relapse, with a particular focus on the rising incidence rates and gender distribution trends.

Materials and methods

A total of 120 patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver diseases between January 2005 and December 2018 were included in this single-center study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment responses were evaluated based on established criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).

Results

The study revealed an increasing trend in AIH diagnoses, particularly among males, over across the two 7-year periods analyzed (2005–2011 vs 2012–2018). Despite standard treatment, a notable proportion of patients experienced treatment failure or relapse. Cirrhosis at diagnosis and delayed diagnosis were associated with poorer treatment responses. Furthermore, portal plasma cell infiltration on liver biopsy was significantly associated with relapse.

Discussion and conclusion

Our findings indicate an increasing prevalence of AIH, particularly among males, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and improved predictive markers for treatment response. The significant association between portal plasma cell infiltration and relapse warrants further investigation. Although limited by the study’s retrospective design and sample size, these results suggest that multicenter studies could provide valuable insights into the management of AILDs.
“DEATH OF THE AUTHOR” IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Belikova Evgeniya K.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of transformation of authorship and subjectivity, which is observed in the modern information space. The concept of “death of the author”, developed in the 20th century philosophers of postmodernism (W. Benjamin, J. Derrida, R. Barthes, M. Foucault), is interpreted as one of the cultural and philosophical foundations of the culture of artificial intelligence (AI). It is noted that AI has a significant impact on the modern information space, reinforcing in it the tendencies of anonymity and lack of subjectivity. Using methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, description, interpretation and others, the phenomena of “death of the author” in the modern information space, both directly related to AI and not, are considered. The lack of indication of authors of media publications, concealment of authorship in social networks, the phenomenon of reposting, scientific plagiarism, the game of writers with pseudonyms and other phenomena are considered as modern manifestations of the transformation of authorship. Attention is drawn to the increase in the number of authors, the removal of the opposition between authors and addressees. Feeling like a component of a formed cultural space, a person does not consider it necessary to highlight his authorship, believing himself to simply transmit existing meanings; this is similar to the non-author’s translation of the meanings of human culture by neural networks. It is concluded that AI, as an active subject that generates content on the Internet, but does not claim authorship, influences the assessment of its own authorship by other subjects of the information space and their attitude towards authorship.
TO THE QUESTION OF SPIRITUAL FOUNDATIONS OF DIALOGUE OF CULTURES
Authors: Mikailova Narmina E.
Published: November 2024

Background. Globalization and individualization are the main features of modern society. Globalization has a huge destructive potential for national identity and identity of people. Cultural and civilizational features of various countries are being erased, socio-cultural institutions and management technologies are losing their stability of functioning.
Goal. The analysis of the spiritual foundations of civilization helps to identify the main ways of forming a new person capable of spiritual rebirth. The research methods are based on the theoretical analysis of modern scientific literature using the possibilities of a comparative approach.
Results. The global crisis that has engulfed modern society is of a large-scale nature. The way out of this situation can be a dialogue based on the mutual enrichment of national cultures and traditions. The spiritual foundations of the dialogue of cultures are philosophy and religion. Despite the fact that philosophy and religion follow different paths, they pursue the same goal – the education of spirituality in man. Through spirituality, they awaken the creative potential of a person, contributing to social activity and stabilization of society necessary for social transformation.
The scope of the results. The theme of the philosophy of dialogue is a priority because it means recognizing the importance of cultural interaction. The space of dialogue is a unifying principle for overcoming differences between nations, classes, and religions due to the uniqueness and objectivity of the philosophical approach applicable at all levels of public life.
Developing the skills of working with educational information of primary school children, taking into account their dominant perception channel
Authors: Nasser A.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of the manifestation of skills of working with educational information in younger schoolchildren, belonging to various types of its perception relative to the dominant channel of perception and, depending on how people perceive information best, they can be conditionally divided into auditory psychotype; visual psychotype; kinesthetic psychotype; digital psychotype.
On the issue of professional choice of modern youth
Authors: Lobovkina A. , Ivanova Irina
Published: November 2024

The article examines the key factors that determine the professional choice of young people, as well as the difficulties that often arise on the path of professional self-determination, and indicates aspects that influence the choice of profession by young people. An appeal was made to individual studies by foreign and domestic researchers considering the problems of professional selfdetermination of young people. The results of a sociological survey conducted among 1st-3rd year students of Kaluga State University are presented. K. E. Tsiolkovsky.
Pre-professional training of high school students to choose a teaching profession: to the problem statement
Authors: Lykova A. , Belyankova Elena
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the features of the organization of pre-professional pedagogical training of high school students to choose a teaching profession. The importance of creating continuous pedagogical education for the purpose of conscious choice by modern schoolchildren of their future professional trajectory is emphasized. The article presents the results of a study that contribute to determining the conditions for the organization of specialized education for high school students, which affect the choice of a teacher's profession.
Developing students' creativity in preparation for professional skills competitions
Authors: Luk'yanova O. , Ivanova Irina
Published: November 2024

The article examines the development of creativity of future graphic designers in the process of preparing for the regional stage of the All-Russian Championship of Professional Skills “PROFESSIONALS” in the conditions of additional education of the state budgetary professional educational institution of the Kaluga region “Kaluga Municipal Construction College” named after. I.K. Tsipulina. Attention is paid to ways of activating the creative potential of students and readiness for innovative activities.
About the educational and methodical manual "Introduction to the profession of an elementary school teacher»
Authors: Chechetkin Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article describes the content of the educational and methodological manual "Introduction to the profession of an elementary school teacher", intended for students preparing to become elementary school teachers.
To the issue of formation of systemic thinking in students of educational organisations of higher education as an element of preparation for professional activity
Authors: Kul'tenko Stolina
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the issue of formation of systemic thinking in students in the process of professional training with the ability to build models of different kinds of systems. The lack of specific requirements for the discipline responsible for the formation of this type of thinking, allows to use different approaches in the variable part of training and contributes to the improvement of intellectual thinking in general. The concept of "systems thinking" is considered with the identification of key features of this process of thinking activity. Features and comparison with other types of thinking. The analysis of working programmes of higher education institutions of the Russian Federation is carried out in order to study the content of courses and disciplines that meet the FSES 3++. The analysis of the research results of the Stavropol scientist confirms that the formation of systemic thinking increases the level of student's knowledge and competence. The proposed model for the formation of systemic thinking is based on the requirements of FSES, justifying the need to introduce this discipline from the first year of study in educational organizations of higher education.
The Director of the Voronezh Mikhailovsky Cadet Corps
Authors: Usikov Yu.
Published: November 2024

The Voronezh Mikhailovsky Cadet Corps was opened on November 8 (21), 1845. It was a military educational institution of a closed type, which provided secondary education in the volume of a real gymnasium and initial military training. The corps received its name in honor of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, the emperor's brother, who was the chief commander of all land cadet corps. In 1865-1882, the Voronezh Mikhailovsky Cadet Corps had the status of a military gymnasium with a predominance of general education disciplines. On November 11, 1905, the corps was renamed the Voronezh Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich Cadet Corps, and in 1918 it was disbanded. During the 19th century, the building developed and strengthened its position as one of the leading educational institutions in Russia. Many future famous military leaders, scientists, inventors, writers and historians studied here. A large role in the organization of the pedagogical process belonged to the directors of the educational institution.
"THE APOLOGY OF A MADMAN: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A.S. MAKARENKO'S PEDAGOGY TODAY"
Authors: Mettini Emiliano
Published: November 2024

For many decades, A.S. Makarenko's creative heritage has been subjected to various types of interpretation and distortions, depending on the prevailing discourse at a particular time. Despite these circumstances, A.S. Makarenko's pedagogical theory and educational practice have not lost their relevance to this day. The purpose of this article is to search for value-oriented and personality-oriented attitudes of A.S. Makarenko's creative heritage. The scientific novelty of the article is the comprehension of the above-mentioned attitudes in the framework of several philosophical approaches, which not only emphasise that A.S. Makarenko's views are applicable to modern upbringing and educational systems, but also reveal the deep anthropic essence of A.S. Makarenko's pedagogical theory and educational practice, which is the main result of the proposed article.
The pedagogical aspects of the virtual world
Authors: Levickaya N. , Konoshenko K.
Published: November 2024

The article address how the virtual world addiction is formed among the children aged 5-18 y.o., the virtual world definition is given as well as its positive and negative features and its pedagogical aspects. Based on all types of the researches (surveys, observation, current books and articles) the negative influence of the Virtual world were revealed and recommendation on how to work with children's addiction to the on line games and gadgets were developed, useful opportunities of the virtual world implementation for the children's development were analyzed.
Standardisation of Compliance Management and Process Quality in the Organization Based on the Integrated Management System
Authors: Malega Peter , Majerník Milan
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Examine the implementation possibilities, methods, and benefits of compliance management and anti-bribery management in organisational practice and propose an innovative model for building progressive systems for comprehensive quality and sustainability of production.
Methodology/Approach: It examines the structure, methods, and possibilities of system authorisation built according to ISO 37001:2016 and ISO 37301:2021 and the possibilities of their integration into a comprehensive IMS.
Findings: Organisations currently need to address issues of individual or joint use of standards, the optimal structure of the integrated system, authorisation, and continuous improvement in the context of increasing competitiveness and ensuring sustainable development in globalised markets.
Research Limitation/implication: The first limitation is the development of globalised policies that may influence the voluntary use of ISOs or change their structure. The second limitation is limited access to the state of preparation of standards revision and their annexes (ISO 37301:2021, ISO 14001:2015).
Originality/Value of paper: The paper is original in its connection to addressing the latest globalised challenges by building an integrated organisational system according to voluntary standards and jointly managing multiple aspects, including ensuring accredited system certification.
Integrating 5S and Kaizen Principles for Enhanced Quality Improvement: A Pharmaceutical R&D Laboratory Case Study
Authors: Binellas Charalambos , Chountalas Panos , Magoutas Anastasios , Chatzifoti Natalia
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the combined application of 5S and Kaizen methodologies in a pharmaceutical R&D laboratory to determine their impact on enhancing quality improvement processes and operational efficiency.
Methodology/Approach: The research adopted a single case study approach in a Greek pharmaceutical R&D laboratory. Quantitative data were gathered on deviations in analysis and experiment conduction times, while qualitative insights were derived from semi-structured interviews conducted with laboratory personnel before and after implementing the methodologies.
Findings: The study revealed significant improvements in laboratory operations following the implementation of 5S and Kaizen. Quantitatively, there was a notable reduction in analytical errors and experiment conduction times. Qualitatively, enhancements were observed in the workspace's organisation, equipment use efficiency, and employee engagement.
Research Limitation/Implication: Focusing on a single laboratory may not fully represent the diverse environments of other pharmaceutical R&D settings.
Originality/Value of paper: This paper contributes to the limited literature on using 5S and Kaizen in pharmaceutical R&D laboratories. It demonstrates the practical benefits of these methodologies in a highly regulated environment and provides a structured approach for their implementation.
Identifying Customer Satisfaction Characteristics with the Kano Model for the Agile Development of Video Games
Authors: Barsalou Matthew , Barsalou Marie , Klaus Sven-Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aims to use the Kano Model to identify critical attributes that can be used as features in video games developed using Agile software development.
Methodology/Approach:
Attributes were identified from the literature review and then selected for a survey given to university participants. Survey results were then analysed using the Kano Model table and a scatter plot. The survey identified respondents' preferences in video games. The survey responses were reanalysed using stratification by video game type.
Findings: No one-dimensional attribute was found that would be critical to video game customers. Only a limited number of attractive attributes were identified from the aggregated data.
Research Limitation/Implication: The analysis by type of video games had low sample sizes. Additionally, people from outside the target group responded to the survey.
Originality/Value of paper: This paper identifies attributes to prioritise when developing a product and demonstrates the need to consider market segmentation when using the Kano Model.
The OHC penalty in the UK: maternal experience and child development
Authors: Fitzsimons Emla , Parsons Sam , Schoon Ingrid
Published: November 2024

We examine the extent to which experience of out-of-home residential care (OHC) during childhood (ages 0–16) relates to development in the ‘next generation’. Specifically, we ask whether maternal experience of OHC during her own childhood is associated with the behavioural, emotional and cognitive development of her child (age 3), drawing on data collected for the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Comparing the children of OHC experienced mothers with those whose mothers had not spent time in care, we observe stark raw differences between their early development, with children of OHC mothers performing worse across all domains examined – cognitive (language and school readiness), behavioural and emotional adjustment. Using regression analyses, we show that while the disadvantages in cognitive (language) and emotional adjustment among children of OHC experienced mothers are explained by differences in the child’s family demographic characteristics and socio-economic status (SES), the associations between maternal OHC experience and behavioural problems and school readiness remain. Behavioural differences are mediated by aspects of parenting behaviours and the parent–child relationship; school readiness differences are only fully attenuated once maternal health and wellbeing measures are further accounted for. This article highlights the importance of extending support for those with OHC experience into adult life, particularly for those who become parents, and for particular attention to be given to initiatives that nurture parent–child relationships to help break the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.
Is populism a useful framework for understanding Caribbean regionalism?
Authors: Lewis Patsy
Published: November 2024

The article posits that populism is of limited value in understanding Caribbean regionalism and argues that while populism and charisma might reasonably explain the leaders that emerged in the early pre- and post-independent periods, that type of leader has largely disappeared in the contemporary period. It identifies the external environment and the state-building focus of Caribbean leaders as exerting the most influence on the direction of the integration process. It also considers the Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM’s) engagement with regional processes in Latin America. It focuses, in particular, on the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America and the challenges it presented both for their coherence and through exposing the limitations of the type of integration scheme CARICOM represents.
When populists meet: presidential diplomacy and foreign policy in Latin America
Authors: Malamud Andrés
Published: November 2024

In the 2000s, the literature depicted Brazil as an emerging power and a regional leader. From time to time, Venezuela was presented as a potential contender. Fast-forward to today: Venezuela endures economic bankruptcy and demographic collapse, whereas Brazil looks internally divided and much diminished on the international scene. Whatever happened? This article argues that the emergence of these South American states was an illusion created by presidential activism and ostentatious summitry, as presidents seized a commodity windfall to make the case for greater power status and regional agency. Once the windfall ended, successor presidents were unable to deliver on what their antecessors had oversold. The rise of the Venezuelan-sponsored Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of the Americas and the fall of the Brazilian-promoted Union of South American Nations are examples of the weakness of interpresidentialist region building, as populist presidents like Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez and Brazil’s Jair Bolsonaro contributed either to capriciously devise or abruptly terminate regional arrangements.
Postbiotic studies of mixed cultures of Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis LH991 and Pichia kudriavzevii B-5P produced by in vitro rumen producing short-chain fatty acid
Authors: Marlida Yetti , Shun Tan Joo , Syofyan Syofyan , Ardani Laily Rinda , Anggraini Lili
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds or bioactive molecules with beneficial effects on health and functional activities in humans or livestock, produced by probiotic bacteria or yeast. Several postbiotics, including enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, extracellular polysaccharides, microbial cell fragments, and teichoic acids, are currently being widely studied. This study aimed to explore the potential of secondary metabolites of Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis LH 991 and Pichia kudriavzevii B-5P as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast isolated from Budu (fermented fish) which can act as postbiotics through in vitro rumen fermentation.

Materials and Methods: The method used a completely randomized design 5 × 4, with five treatments and four replications. The substrate diet consisted of 60% forage and 40% concentrate. The culture mixture was 1.3 × 1011 CFU/mL with a 50%:50% ratio of S. harbinensis LH 991 and P. kudriavzevii B-5P. The inoculum concentrations used in this study were 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. Treatments are arranged based on differences in inoculum concentration as follows: T0: control (0%); T1: 1%; T2: 2%; T3: 3%; and T4: 4%.

Results: The T4 group showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate acids, compared with the other treatments. Meanwhile, T4 shows that there is no significant (p > 0.01) effect on in vitro digestibility (in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and in vitro crude fiber digestibility). However, a highly significant (p < 0.01) effect was on volatile fatty acid total, NH3, and microbial crude protein synthesis.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the treatment with a 4% inoculum concentration (T4) containing a mixture of S. harbinensis LH 991 and P. kudriavzevii B-5P as LAB and yeast isolated from Budu (fermented fish) in 50%:50% ratio increased SCFA and rumen fermentation significantly, whereas it did not affect in vitro digestibility.

Keywords: digestibility, in-vitro, postbiotics, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride using Hybrid C60 Fullerene Nanowhisker-Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Composite under Blue Light Emitting Diode Irradiation
Authors: Ko S.W. , Chung H.
Published: November 2024

The C60 fullerene nanowhisker (FNW)-zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) composite was synthesized using C60 fullerene nanowhisker, 2-methyl imidazole, zinc nitrate hexahydrate in methanol. The characterization of C60 FNW-ZIF-8 composite was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. A kinetic study indicated that hybrid nanocomposite catalyzed the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under blue light emitting diode (LED) irradiation following a pseudo-first-order reaction rate law.
Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals: Assessing the Potential of Brassica juncea in Heavy Metals (Copper and Cadmium) from Contaminated Soils
Authors: Haribabu T.E. , Latha Srinivasan , Lavanya G. , Rekha A. , Sudhakar K. , Suresh R. , Ali Z. Ansar , Sudha P.N.
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the phytoremediation potential of Brassica juncea in copper and cadmium contaminated soils. B. juncea, a fast-growing, high-biomass-producing plant, has been shown to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of B. juncea in removing copper and cadmium from contaminated soils and to evaluate the morphophysiological and biochemical responses of the plant to metal stress. Soil samples with varying concentrations of copper and cadmium were prepared and B. juncea was grown in these soils under controlled conditions. Plant growth parameters, metal accumulation in plant tissues and biochemical stress markers were analyzed. The results showed the potential use of B. juncea for the phytoremediation of copper and cadmium contaminated soils. The presence of heavy metals had a direct effect on the biochemical parameters, growth performance, and the antioxidant enzymes of the plant. At the same time, the plant seemed to tolerate the metal stress and accumulate, which helped in the extraction of metals from soils. The current study contributes to the development of sustainable strategies for the remediation of the metal-polluted sites.
Copper Complexes and its Role in Biological Activity
Authors: Rani A. , Sharma J. , Sangwan G. , Prasad S.
Published: November 2024

Copper complexes have garnered substantial attention in diverse fields owing to their multifaceted biological activities. The unique redox properties and coordination versatility of copper enable the design of diverse complexes with tailored functionalities, thereby rendering them crucial in numerous biological applications. This review comprehensively outlines the biological potential of copper complexes, focusing on their applications in medicinal chemistry. Copper complexes have shown tremendous potential in medicinal chemistry as a result of their antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer actions. This review thoroughly examines recent advancements, mechanisms of action, and potential challenges, while highlighting the significant ability and versatility of copper complexes in diverse biological activities.
PPARγ and COX1 Inhibition of Linoleic Acid as Potential Bioactive Molecule in Aqueous Extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.): A in silico based Approach
Authors: Roy Biswabara , Sen Sandip , Kumar D. Senthil , Kannappan N.
Published: November 2024

In this work, the ethyl acetate extract of Tinospora cardifolia was analyzed using GC-MS and phytochemical analysis. The FTIR analysis and UV spectroscopy were used to further validate the structures of the isolated compounds. For the selected compounds, the computational methods were used to conduct an in silico analysis on their molecular, physico-chemical and druglikeliness properties. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profile and additional toxicity potential were ascertained. Swiss ADME tools and OSIRIS data warrior were used in the investigation. The docking experiment was used to examine the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic characteristics. The α-glucosidase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, glucose transporter-1 and cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 were targeted for inhibition. Approximately 23 chemicals were found during GC-MS analysis. Each of the compounds have shown the pharmacokinetic potential and moderate to good drug likeliness. The compounds bioactivity score against enzyme receptors was high. The least harmful profile of PGP and CYP inhibitory actions was indicated by the ADMET prediction. Linoleic acid (molecule-12) has a strong binding affinity for PPARγ and COX1 targeted proteins under inquiry as demonstrated by the docking studies.
Unveiling the Molecular World: A Narrative Review on Data Science and Visualization in Chemical Sciences
Authors: Komarla Rajasekhar Eashwar Sai , Nayeem Abdur Rahman Junaid , Patil Vishal Satish , Mounika Kamati , Patil Satish Lahu , Srivastava Shruti , Tiwari Gaurav
Published: November 2024

This narrative review explores the transformative role of data science and visualization in modern chemistry. It begins by contextualizing the importance of chemistry across various domains, highlighting the emergence of data-driven approaches as catalysts for innovation and discovery. Harnessing big data in chemistry is discussed, emphasizing the diverse sources of chemical data and the need for robust analysis strategies. The review then delves into the power of machine learning (ML) algorithms in chemical discovery, highlighting their ability to accurately forecast molecular characteristics and significantly expedite pharmaceutical development. Visualizing chemical structures and dynamics is explored, with an emphasis on the role of visualization techniques in elucidating complex molecular phenomena. Integrative approaches in cheminformatics are examined, illustrating how interdisciplinary collaboration enables comprehensive analysis of chemical data. Challenges and opportunities in data-driven chemistry are addressed, alongside future perspectives on intelligent chemical systems. The review concludes by underscoring the transformative impact of data science and visualization on chemistry, advocating for continued investment and interdisciplinary collaboration to drive scientific innovation.
Closing the Loop on Polyester: A Green Approach to Chemical Recycling with Zn[L-Proline]2 Supported Kaolin Catalyst
Authors: Ravikumar Dhanalakshmi , Gopal Jeya , Vajiravelu Sivamurugan
Published: November 2024

In present work, the depolymerization process utilizes kaolin-supported Zn[L-proline]2 (ZnP@K) as a recyclable Lewis acid catalyst, paving the way for the cost-effective production of recycled materials. The supported catalyst is characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, SEM and BET analysis. The depolymerization of polyester textile waste, especially coloured threads, promoted by ZnP@K to yield more than 90% of monomers in pure form. In addition, irrespective of the colour of polyester threads, the process exhibited 100% conversion of polyester threads and obtained pure colourless monomers, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalamide (BHETA). The monomers are assessed for their structure and purity using FTIR, mass and NMR spectral techniques. While comparing with ZnO nanoparticles, ZnP@K depolymerized the polyester wastes in terms of yield and purity and it proved efficient and sustainable for recycling textile polyester waste.
A Simple Hydrothermally Prepared CuO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Seethalakshmi M. , Shanthi M. , Dhanapandian S. , Ashokkumar K.
Published: November 2024

In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal route with various surfactants (PEG, CTAB and HMTA) and studied for their phase structure, chemical bonding, surface morphology, oxidation states and electrochemical behaviour. The X-ray diffraction peaks were revealed the orthorhombic structure of the PEG assisted CuO nanoparticles with calculated crystallite size value of 13.23 nm. The SEM images exposed with different morphology such as spherical, rock-like, rod and plate of synthesized products, whereas the XPS analysis revealed the composition and elemental state of the prepared sample. In the FTIR, the presence of vibrational groups in the synthesized material are confirmed. The prepared electrode revealed pseudocapacitance nature and its Csp value of 297 F g–1 at 10 mV/s. The stability result indicates that the maximum retention value of 77.24% in the prepared electrode. Moreover, the EIS measurements revealed the exceptional rate capability and reversible characteristics.
Novel Pyrrolo-Pyrimidine Derivatives Bearing Amide Functionality as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Bandaru Praveen Kumar , Rao N.S. Kameswara , Shyamala P.
Published: November 2024

Current investigation presents the synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer evaluation of novel pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivatives designed to target Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). The synthesis route commenced with 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde, proceeding through sequential steps involving intermediate formations and coupling reactions to yield a diverse array of pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivatives. Characterization using spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS) confirmed the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds. Molecular docking studies against JAK1, JAK2 and CDK4 demonstrated substantial binding affinities, remarkably compounds 7k, 7l and 7d, which displayed promising interactions within the active sites of the proteins. Anticancer evaluation against breast cancer (MCF-7), chronic myeloid leukemia (SET-2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and HEK-293 cell lines revealed diverse cytotoxic profiles. Specifically, compounds 7k and 7f exhibited potent activity against breast cancer (MCF-7), 7k and 7f showed efficacy against chronic myeloid leukemia (SET-2) and compounds 7k and 7l demonstrated effectiveness against colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116). These findings underscore the potential of these pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivatives as selective and effective anticancer agents, prompting further exploration for therapeutic development.
A Review on Advancements in Polysulfone-Based Membranes for Gas Separation Applications
Authors: Deepthi P.V. , Viji K. , Vijesh A.M. , Anjana P.T. , Kumar Vasantha , Malladi Shridhar
Published: November 2024

Gas separation has changed over the last few decades with membrane technology emerging as an important player. Polysulfone is considered an interesting material for gas separation membrane applications mainly due to its good thermal and chemical stability and excellent mechanical strength at a low cost. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on the advancements acheived in the development of polysulfone-based membranes for gas separation. It focuses on various strategies that have been reported to enhance the performance of these membrane materials, including filler incorporation, polymer blending and the addition or chemical modification of functional groups that confer specific adaptability to the polymers.