bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF ERYTHROCYTIC CONTAINERS FOR DELIVERY OF MEDICINES TO THE INFLAMMATION SITE
Authors: Churpiy І. К. , Golod N. R. , Yaniv О. V. , Fedorivska L. P. , Fitsych M. V. , Macogin А. Р.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In recent decades, scientists have been attracted by the idea of developing methods for targeted transport of drugs and diagnostic drugs directly into the area of inflammation.

Experimental and single clinical studies have revealed high efficiency and prospects for targeted delivery of various drugs. Most known carriers have a number of disadvantages, both in the range and amount of drugs they can bind, and in their ability to prevent contact of transport drugs with healthy tissues. In addition, there are difficulties associated with the toxicity and immunogenicity of carriers, their availability, cost, complexity of preparation. Transport systems that use the body's own cells are the most advantageous in terms of biocompatibility. Among them, erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes are used as vehicles.

Currently, the most promising in terms of drug transport is the use of erythrocyte containers.

Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that with this route of administration, the concentration of antibiotic in the bile in patients with inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract, 4.7 times higher than with other routes of administration, and their therapeutic activity is maintained for a much longer time. When the erythrocyte containers were applied topically, the antibiotic concentration in the wound and surrounding tissue was 10 times higher than that achieved by traditional soft tissue puncture.

In order to prove the ability of erythrocyte containers to capture drugs and concentrate in the inflammatory focus in 10 patients with this pathology at the beginning of treatment was injected into the femoral artery 1% - 1 ml of nicotinic acid in 0.9% - 2 ml of saline, and the following day the same patient in the same dose it was administered in erythrocyte containers. The time of onset of the reaction and the duration of the drug were determined, taking into account subjective and objective data.

The ability of erythrocyte containers to seize drugs is evidenced by the results obtained by us: with the introduction of nicotinic acid in its pure form, the reaction occurred after 115411 ± 0,0411and lasted 715211 ± 0,0311. Objectively, there was a gradual reddening of the face and mild hyperemia. With the introduction of erythrocyte containers with nicotinic acid, the reaction occurred through 214311 ± 0,0311  and lasted 1112411 ± 0,0211.

Subjectively, patients were characterized by a milder course of the reaction.

The development of granulation tissue in the wound with the introduction of erythrocyte containers with antibiotics began on day 8-9, and the marginal epithelialization - on day 10-12. In the control group, the appearance of granulation tissue and epithelialization in the wound were on 12-13 and 14-15 days, respectively.
Влияние кинетики роста новой фазы и давления на распределение компонентов при фазовых переходах
Authors: Гуськов А.П.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The relationship between the kinetics of the addition of solution particles to a new phase, the change in the amount of motion of the component at the interface, and the diffusion of the components in the phases is shown. This interaction significantly affects the distribution of the concentration of components in the phases. The proposed theory explains the dependence of the effective distribution coefficient on the concentration in the zone cleaning of solutions.
Барьер Шоттки на контакте магнитного 3d-металла с полупроводником
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю. , Посредник О.В.
Published: April 2021

With the aim of the Friedel transition metal d-band model and semiconductor local defect state model the analytical expressions for metal – semiconductor charge transfer and Schottky barrier height are obtained. It is shown that the account of metal magnetization leads to the increase of the charge transfer and corresponding contribution to the Schottky barrier height. Numerical estimates are made for the contacts of Co and Ni with 6H- and 4H-SiC polytypes.
Импедансная спектроскопия электропроводящих композиционных материалов на основе микроволокон сополимера поливинилиденфторида с трифторэтиленом, модифицированных полипирролом
Authors: Капралова В.М. , Сапурина И.Ю. , Сударь Н.Т. , Третьяков А.А. , Gryshkov O. , Glasmacher B.
Published: April 2021

The impedance spectra of composite nonwoven materials based on nano- and microfibers of polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer modified by polypyrrole with different doping degree were studied in the frequency range 1000 Hz-5 MHz. It was found that an increase in the doping degree of polypyrrole coating of nanofibers leads to a decrease in the imaginary and real components of the electrical impedance. Regardless of their magnitude, the shape of the hodographs is close to circular arc resting on the ReZ axis, which allows us to consider the studied material as a nanocomposite polymer electrolyte whose dielectric characteristics can be reversibly changed.
Requirements and Operational Guidelines for Secure and Sustainable Digital Phenotyping: Design and Development Study
Authors: Jagesar Raj R , Vorstman Jacob A , Kas Martien J
Published: April 2021

Background

Digital phenotyping, the measurement of human behavioral phenotypes using personal devices, is rapidly gaining popularity. Novel initiatives, ranging from software prototypes to user-ready research platforms, are innovating the field of biomedical research and health care apps. One example is the BEHAPP project, which offers a fully managed digital phenotyping platform as a service. The innovative potential of digital phenotyping strategies resides among others in their capacity to objectively capture measurable and quantitative components of human behavior, such as diurnal rhythm, movement patterns, and communication, in a real-world setting. The rapid development of this field underscores the importance of reliability and safety of the platforms on which these novel tools are operated. Large-scale studies and regulated research spaces (eg, the pharmaceutical industry) have strict requirements for the software-based solutions they use. Security and sustainability are key to ensuring continuity and trust. However, the majority of behavioral monitoring initiatives have not originated primarily in these regulated research spaces, which may be why these components have been somewhat overlooked, impeding the further development and implementation of such platforms in a secure and sustainable way.

Objective

This study aims to provide a primer on the requirements and operational guidelines for the development and operation of a secure behavioral monitoring platform.

Methods

We draw from disciplines such as privacy law, information, and computer science to identify a set of requirements and operational guidelines focused on security and sustainability. Taken together, the requirements and guidelines form the foundation of the design and implementation of the BEHAPP behavioral monitoring platform.

Results

We present the base BEHAPP data collection and analysis flow and explain how the various concepts from security and sustainability are addressed in the design.

Conclusions

Digital phenotyping initiatives are steadily maturing. This study helps the field and surrounding stakeholders to reflect upon and progress toward secure and sustainable operation of digital phenotyping–driven research.
Requirements and Operational Guidelines for Secure and Sustainable Digital Phenotyping: Design and Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jagesar Raj R , Vorstman Jacob A , Kas Martien J
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital phenotyping, the measurement of human behavioral phenotypes using personal devices, is rapidly gaining popularity. Novel initiatives, ranging from software prototypes to user-ready research platforms, are innovating the field of biomedical research and health care apps. One example is the BEHAPP project, which offers a fully managed digital phenotyping platform as a service. The innovative potential of digital phenotyping strategies resides among others in their capacity to objectively capture measurable and quantitative components of human behavior, such as diurnal rhythm, movement patterns, and communication, in a real-world setting. The rapid development of this field underscores the importance of reliability and safety of the platforms on which these novel tools are operated. Large-scale studies and regulated research spaces (eg, the pharmaceutical industry) have strict requirements for the software-based solutions they use. Security and sustainability are key to ensuring continuity and trust. However, the majority of behavioral monitoring initiatives have not originated primarily in these regulated research spaces, which may be why these components have been somewhat overlooked, impeding the further development and implementation of such platforms in a secure and sustainable way.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to provide a primer on the requirements and operational guidelines for the development and operation of a secure behavioral monitoring platform.

METHODS

We draw from disciplines such as privacy law, information, and computer science to identify a set of requirements and operational guidelines focused on security and sustainability. Taken together, the requirements and guidelines form the foundation of the design and implementation of the BEHAPP behavioral monitoring platform.

RESULTS

We present the base BEHAPP data collection and analysis flow and explain how the various concepts from security and sustainability are addressed in the design.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital phenotyping initiatives are steadily maturing. This study helps the field and surrounding stakeholders to reflect upon and progress toward secure and sustainable operation of digital phenotyping–driven research.
A Heart Rate Monitoring App (FibriCheck) for Atrial Fibrillation in General Practice: Pilot Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Beerten Simon Gabriël , Proesmans Tine , Vaes Bert
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke. The current opportunistic screening procedure consists of pulse palpation and an electrocardiogram when an irregular rhythm is found. Smartphone apps that measure heart rhythm could be useful in increasing the detection of AF in a primary care setting.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted a pilot study with the smartphone app FibriCheck to assess whether the introduction of such an app is feasible.

METHODS

Four general practices across Flanders provided patient data for the study. Inclusion criteria for participants were aged 65 or older and a CHARGE-AF score of at least 10%. We excluded patients with known AF or a pacemaker. Participants were asked to measure at least twice a day with FibriCheck (for at least 14 days). They were provided the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire both before and after the study, as well as different surveys concerning their user experience and general perception of technology.

RESULTS

There were 92 participants (36 women and 56 men). The study population was relatively homogenous concerning risk factors and medication use at baseline. During the study period, 5/86 (6%) participants were found to have AF (6 dropouts). The average study period was 23 days and the average number of measurements per day was 2.1. Patient compliance was variable, but high. On the whole, there were no appreciable changes in quality of life. The overall user experience and satisfaction were very high.

CONCLUSIONS

FibriCheck is a relatively easy-to-use smartphone app to complement AF screening in primary care. Its implementation in this setting is certainly achievable, and one can expect high rates of patient compliance. Based on these results, a planned cluster randomized trial will be going ahead.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03509493; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03509493
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Disease Prevalence Among Patients With Idiopathic Short Stature in Saudi Arabia: Protocol for a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Alsafadi Danyah , Ezzat Aly , Altamimi Fatima , ElBagoury Marwan , Olfat Mohammed , Saleh Mohammed , Roushdy Sherif , Aktham Yahia
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Since the underlying cause of idiopathic short stature can indeed be undiagnosed mucopolysaccharidosis type I, it is critical to identify patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I among screened patients with idiopathic short stature.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I disease in a high-risk group (ie, patients with idiopathic short stature).

METHODS

We plan to perform a multicenter, cross-sectional screening study to primarily assess the prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I disease in patients with idiopathic short stature. All eligible patients will be tested after obtaining written informed consent from their parents and guardians. Eligible patients will be recruited over 18 months from specialty care centers for pediatrics and genetics.

RESULTS

This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Fahd Medical City and funded by Sanofi Genzyme Saudi Arabia. We expect to collect data from ≥800 patients, as determined by our sample size calculation.

CONCLUSIONS

Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula; it has a population of more than 28 million people. To date, there are no reliable data regarding the incidence and prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I in Saudi Arabia; therefore, future multicenter studies will be needed. Further, the prevalence of an attenuated form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I is largely underestimated in Saudi Arabia due to the absence of an effective newborn screening program. Therefore, the implementation of a nationwide newborn screening program is essential for the accurate estimation of the burden of mucopolysaccharidosis and the early diagnosis of patients.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/28619
A Novel Cardiac Force Index Measured by Digital Devices and Applied to the G Tolerance Test among Military Aircrew: An Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chiang Kwo-Tsao , Tu Min-Yu , Lin You-Jin , Hsin Yi-Hsiang , Chiu Yu-Lung , Li Fang-Ling , Chen Hsin-Hui , Lai Chung-Yu
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Military aircrew are occupationally exposed to a high-G environment. G force causes blood to flow to the lower body region and challenges their cardiac function and anti-G straining maneuver effectiveness. A tolerance test is necessary for every military aircrew member before undergoing flight training. A novel cardiac force index (CFI) has been developed and used to assess long-distance running by mobile health (mHealth) technology. There is still no study to monitor the CFI by wearable devices during the G tolerance test.

OBJECTIVE

We added the cardiac function parameter CFI to the G tolerance test and elucidated the relationship between cardiac function and G tolerance among military aircrew.

METHODS

A noninvasive device, BioHarness 3.0, was used to measure heart rate (HR) and activity while resting and walking on the ground. The mathematical formula for cardiac function calculation is CFI = weight × activity/HR. The cardiac force ratio (CFR) is calculated by walking CFI (WCFI)/resting CFI (RCFI). G tolerance includes relaxed G tolerance (RGT) and straining G tolerance (SGT) tested by a human centrifuge under the gradual-onset-rate profile.

RESULTS

In total, 92 male participants voluntarily completed this study. The average values of RCFI, WCFI, and CFR were 0.02 [SD 0.04], 0.15 [SD 0.04], and 10.77 [SD 4.11], respectively. The mean RGT and SGT were 5.1G [SD 0.9] and 7.8G [SD 1.1], respectively, in the centrifuge. The percentages of participants with RGT greater than 5G or SGT greater than 8G were equally noted as 54.3%. Each 100-unit increase in WCFI increased RGT by 0.14G [SE 0.02, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.19] and by 0.17G [SE 0.03, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.22], corresponding to SGT. In addition, there was an increased chance of RGT values higher than 5G and SGT values higher than 8G according to the increase in WCFI.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggested that WCFI is positively correlated with G tolerance in the centrifuge and has the potential to be used for military aircrew selection.
Evaluation of an Online System for Routine Outcome Monitoring: Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wiebe Deanna E , Remers Shannon , Nippak Pria , Meyer Julien
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The use of routine outcome monitoring (ROM) in the treatment of mental health has emerged as a method of improving psychotherapy treatment outcomes. Despite this, very few clinicians regularly use ROM in clinical practice. Online ROM has been suggested as a solution to increase adoption.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to identify the influence of moving ROM online on client completion rates of self-reported outcome measures and to identify implementation and utilization barriers to online ROM by assessing clinicians’ views on their experience using the online system over previous paper-based methods.

METHODS

Client completion rates of self-reported outcome measures were compared pre- and postimplementation of an online system of ROM. In addition, a survey questionnaire was administered to 324 mental health service providers regarding their perception of the benefits with an online system of ROM.

RESULTS

Client completion rates of self-reported measures increased from 15.62% (427/2734) to 53.98% (1267/2347) after they were moved online. Furthermore, 57% (56/98) of service providers found the new system less time-consuming than the previous paper-based ROM, and 64% (63/98) found that it helped monitor clients. However, the perceived value of the system remains in doubt as only 23% (23/98) found it helped them identify clients at risk for treatment failure, and only 18% (18/98) found it strengthened the therapeutic alliance.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the current study suggests mixed results regarding service providers’ views on their experience using an online system for ROM, it has identified barriers and challenges that are actionable for improvement.
Empowerment of Posyandu Cadres in Early Detection of Child Growth Problems: Optimization of KIA Books
Authors: Muntafiah Alfi , Sari Octavia Permata , Inayati Nor Sri , Santosa Qodri
Published: April 2021

Posyandu (integrated health center) as a health information center for the community is expected to be the spearhead of early detection of developmental disorders in children under five. Posyandu activities are driven by cadres. Cadres monitor the growth of children under five through anthropometric measurements: body weight, height, head circumference and development milestones. Knowing how to measure anthropometric parameters, data plotting on a growth chart in the Maternal and Child Health (Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak=KIA) book, and interpret the results are very important. Cadres with good understanding and skills will greatly assist in monitoring child growth and development. This activity is expected to increase the knowledge and skills of cadres in monitoring child development. This activity was carried out through counseling, training, case study, and discussion. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted to evaluate this activity. The mean pre-test was 40.00 ± 11.69, with the lowest value being 10.00 and the highest value being 60.00. The mean post-test was 54.10 ± 12.08, the lowest value was 30.00 and the highest was 90.00. The Wilcoxon test found p=000, where 20.5% participants' knowledge did not change while 69.23% had better knowledge compared to before the activity. Conclusion: This training can significantly improve cadres' knowledge and skills about the use of the KIA book.
The Use of Selective Agar Medium to Increase the Awareness of Handwashing of Students of SD Negeri 57 Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Yunita Dewi , Wulya Saidatul , Muliani Sri , Luthfi Fathurrahman , Pratiwi Anggi , Farhana Rika
Published: April 2021

Hand is a part of the body that contains lots of microbes. Handwashingis kind of a clean and healthy lifestyle that is aimed to reduce the number of microbes in the hand. The proper handwashing behavior should be begun to be accustomed since in elementary school, but students’ awareness is relatively low. This is alleged because they assumed that their hands look clean. In this community engagement activity on how to wash hands properly, hundred students in national primary school SD Negeri 57 Banda Aceh, Indonesia were involved from March until June 2019 and then ten students were chosen as ambassador of handwashing(ducuta). Two selective media agars were used to grow microbes from the hands of the students before and after hand washing. Several programs (secuta, mocuta, bacuta, and kacuta)were also conducted to measure the success of this activity. There was an increase in understanding the proper way of handwashing from 78% before socialization to 96% after the socialization. The results based on the handwashing activity book (bacuta) showed that 50% of the ducutahave begun to get used to washing their hands properly before eating, after going to the toilet, and after playing recommended by WHO.
Las plantas potabilizadoras en el río Sonora: una revisión de la recuperación del desastre
Authors: Díaz-Caravantes Rolando E. , Durazo-Gálvez Francisco M. , Moreno Vázquez José Luis , Duarte Tagles Héctor , Pineda Pablos Nicolás
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: examinar qué elementos de la estrategia de instalación de plantas potabilizadoras propuestas en el Fideicomiso Río Sonora fueron implementados. Metodología: mediante trabajo de campo y recopilación documental se revisó la calidad de operación de las potabilizadoras y se contrastó su ubicación con los resultados del monitoreo de calidad del agua del fideicomiso. Resultados: varios de los sitios más contaminados no cuentan con planta potabilizadora. Algunas de las plantas instaladas no son las más adecuadas en términos técnicos y tienen deficiencias en la operación. Limitaciones: aunque se solicitó varias veces a las dependencias correspondientes información sobre las plantas, sólo enviaron algunas características técnicas. Valor: alto mérito empírico para el estudio de los componentes de la recuperación de desastres mineros. Conclusiones: Además de que algunos de los sitios más contaminados no cuentan con planta, hay una incorrecta implementación de las plantas potabilizadoras y un insuficiente seguimiento a la etapa de recuperación del desastre.
Spectrophotometry as a Method for Determining the Age of Applying Letter (Document) Details by the Relative Content in Volatile Solvent Strokes
Authors: Allaberganov A. A. , Kataev M. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Разработан метод по определению давности нанесения реквизитов письма (в документе) по относительному содержанию в штрихах летучих растворителей путем спектрофотометрии с применением оптико-спектрального измерительного комплекса. При этом в зонах спектра может быть выделен оптимальный способ (метод) алгоритмической реализации по определению содержания летучих растворителей в зависимости от вида их характеристик объекта и их частей. Исследование производится на спектрофотометре на основе произведенных пробоподготовок с получением спектрограмм по содержанию летучих компонентов по растворителям ФЭ (2-феноксиэтанол) и по красителям CV (Crystal Violet), определение по относительному содержанию в штрихах летучих растворителей с выявлением (исследованием) количественных и качественных характеристик. Применяя данный способ (метод) исследования и алгоритмы реализации, можно получить эффективные результаты и при этом сократить срок исследования и распознания объекта исследования. Предложенный метод (способ) исследования по определению содержания в штрихах летучих растворителей путем спектрофотометрии с применением оптико-спектрального измерительного комплекса (исследованием с наложением зон спектров друг на друга) способен существенно повысить эффективность экспертной деятельности в рамках производства технико-криминалистического исследования.
Wastewater Monitoring System of Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Alekseev V. A. , Usoltsev V. P. , Yuran S. I. , Buranov D. N. , Shulmin D. N.
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются принципы построения существующих систем мониторинга сточных вод, в том числе в аварийной ситуации на предприятии. Проведенный анализ систем показал их недостатки, где выделяется низкая достоверность контроля загрязнений. Предлагается устранить этот недостаток путем применения определенного количества оптоэлектронных датчиков, имеющих источники излучения с разной длиной волны. Это позволяет более точно определять состав загрязняющего вещества. Для решения задачи идентификации сгустка загрязняющего вещества и направления его на определенный фильтр используются системы распознавания сгустка по его соотношению отдельных составляющих. Для этого используется матрица отношения порядка на составляющие в виде решетчатой функции. При этом предлагается использовать гомоморфный эталон матрицы отношения, например, в виде диагоналей.В процессе контроля сигналы с датчиков, пропорциональные значениям оптической плотности контролируемой среды, обрабатываются и преобразуются в виде решетчатой функции, которая отражает амплитудные значения оптической плотности контролируемой среды на различных частотах излучения. Далее из значений решетчатой функции формируется текущая матрица отношения. Значения этой матрицы отношения поступают в блок распознавания, в котором сравниваются значения текущей матрицы отношения со значениями эталонных матриц отношений, хранящихся в блоке эталонов. Если в результате сравнения произошло совпадение элементов текущей матрицы с элементами какой-либо эталонной матрицы или элементами нескольких матриц, в блоке управления задвижками вырабатываются сигналы управления на закрытие задвижки на основном трубопроводе и открытие одной или нескольких задвижек на отводах, что позволяет отвести протекающие в данный момент сточные воды с выявленным составом загрязнений на соответствующие фильтры для устранения выявленных компонентов загрязнений. Если в результате сравнения не произошло совпадений элементов текущей матрицы с элементами эталонных матриц, водная среда направляется на общий фильтр после открытия заслонки.
Method for Reducing the Amplitude Error of the Magnetic Comparator
Authors: Lomaev G. V. , Andryushaev K. A.
Published: April 2021

Выходные сигналы датчиков при контроле ферромагнитных материалов методом эффекта Баркгаузена (метод неразрушающего контроля, основанный на регистрации параметров cкачков намагниченности, возникающих в результате эффекта Баркгаузена) представляют собой поток импульсов ЭДС от скачков Баркгаузена. Он имеет статистический характер (так называемый магнитный шум). При большом их количестве за полуцикл перемагничивания осуществляют либо скользящее усреднение, либо за  весь полуцикл.В бистабильных ферромагнетиках флуктуации выходных сигналов датчика (а последние представляют два импульса разной полярности за цикл перемагничивания) не могут быть усреднены без потери информации, что снижает метрологические характеристики всего устройства. Флуктуируют такие параметры, как амплитуда, длительность, поле старта. Это ограничивает применение его в точных измерениях.Для разработки способа повышения стабильности выходного сигнала датчика использована гипотеза о полном переключении объема бистабильного образца ферромагнитного материала при скачке Баркгаузена. Гипотеза основана на новых физических данных, полученных при исследовании бистабильных ферромагнетиков авторами С. А. Барановым, Г. В. Ломаевым, С. П. Ахизиной, Г. В. Каримовой и другими.Предложен способ уменьшения флуктуаций амплитуды импульса ЭДС на выходе магнитного компаратора, заключающийся в преобразовании вольт-секундной площади в импульс, пропорциональный амплитуде. Разработана простая и надежная схема, реализующая данный способ. Проведена серия экспериментов. Показано, что флуктуация выходного сигнала уменьшается при использовании разработанного способа почти на порядок.Апробация способа осуществлялась на сердечниках из сплава викаллой 2 (Co52Fe38V10), подвергнутых  крутильной деформации до предела текучести  по технологии, разработанной на кафедре «Приборы и методы измерения, контроля и диагностики» ИжГТУ имени М. Т. Калашникова.
FLOWSTANDART PHONOPNEUMOGRAPHY QUIET BREATHING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COMORBID CURRENT COMMUNITYACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Malinina E. V. , Dubinkin V. A.
Published: April 2021

The aim of our study was to estimate the potential of the flow about standardized panoramogram quiet breathing (PFPG SD) for the diagnosis of inflammation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia on a background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and methods: 36 healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 76 years old and 36 men with CAP on the background of COPD aged 45 to 80 years old, hospitalized in the Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and were examined. PFPG SD was performed on admission to all patients and healthy individuals.

Results and discussion: Spectral criteria for acoustic diagnostics of the focus of patients with CAP on the background of COPD were developed, determined by PFPG SD. The maximum specificity for the group of healthy people was reached — 80,5%, the maximum sensitivity of detecting the focus of inflammation — 83,3%. The sensitivity of PFPG SD exceeds the sensitivity of subjective auscultation. The types of acoustic pattern and their threshold values for patients were revealed.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL FEATURES IN NAVAL SPECIALISTS WITH SIGNS OF PROFESSIONAL BURN OUT
Authors: Soshkin P. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The formation of professional burnout syndrome is largely determined by stable personality characteristics, which determine the plasticity of responding to a situation and its adaptation, which predetermines the relevance of their study.

Purpose: to assess personal characteristics based on the application of the SMIL methodology in naval specialists who have (or do not have) signs of professional burnout.

Materials and methods. The study involved 250 naval specialists aged 25 to 45, divided into 2 groups — with the absence (group 1 (n=91 people)) and the presence (group 2 (n=159 people)) signs of professional burnout, in which personality traits.

Results and its discussion. It was found that naval specialists with signs of professional burnout, in comparison with those who do not have it, have significantly higher indicators on the scales of correction, activity, masculinity, as well as significantly lower indicators on the scales of rigidity and anxiety; however, these indicators were within the average normative values and were of a relative nature.

Conclusion. The obtained data can be used in applied terms as one of the criterio

Introduction. The formation of professional burnout syndrome is largely determined by stable personality characteristics, which determine the plasticity of responding to a situation and its adaptation, which predetermines the relevance of their study.

Purpose: to assess personal characteristics based on the application of the SMIL methodology in naval specialists who have (or do not have) signs of professional burnout.

Materials and methods. The study involved 250 naval specialists aged 25 to 45, divided into 2 groups — with the absence (group 1 (n=91 people)) and the presence (group 2 (n=159 people)) signs of professional burnout, in which personality traits.

Results and its discussion. It was found that naval specialists with signs of professional burnout, in comparison with those who do not have it, have significantly higher indicators on the scales of correction, activity, masculinity, as well as significantly lower indicators on the scales of rigidity and anxiety; however, these indicators were within the average normative values and were of a relative nature.

Conclusion. The obtained data can be used in applied terms as one of the criterion guidelines at the stage of selection of naval specialists, since personality traits, being stable psychological formations, can be a kind of damper preventing the formation of unfavorable functional states in the examined persons.

n guidelines at the stage of selection of naval specialists, since personality traits, being stable psychological formations, can be a kind of damper preventing the formation of unfavorable functional states in the examined persons.
LANDSCAPE THERAPY FOR DISORDERS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION IN THE FAR NORTH
Authors: Zhirov V. K. , Zakrevsky Yu. N. , Gontar O. B. , Megorsky V. V. , Koygerova A. A. , Maurcheva P. A.
Published: April 2021

The development of the Russian Arctic continental shelf with the production of large volumes of oil products, the continuation of the functioning of the well-known mining enterprises of the Kola North for the extraction of rare earth and non-ferrous metals necessary for the country’s industry, the basing of the Northern Fleet as the most important component of the country’s defense capability require good health of all categories of workers and military personnel of the continental zone and the Arctic islands in the Far North. Psychoneurological diseases, including those associated with disorders of visual perception, developing on the basis of the «polar tension syndrome», acquire special significance in these conditions. Based on the results of generalization of the views existing in the scientific literature on the integrity of the mechanisms of visual perception, a two-dimensional classification of various forms of its variability has been developed, which can be used as a methodological basis for the construction of virtual and physical medical landscapes in recreational areas of military facilities, departmental sanatoriums and rest homes for prophylaxis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders caused by functional disorders of the body due to the impact of «polar load» and prolonged stay in closed technological spaces.
New regular numeral symbols from one to septillion
Authors: Qin Yiren , Cao Guangrui
Published: April 2021

Some iconic symbols representing numbers are more animated, picturesque,
and impressive. Here we describe a kind of new numeral symbols from one
to septillion. These symbols are regular and simple. Meanwhile it is
easy to write and remember these number symbols. They are composed of 27
basic components. After these basic components are regularly combined,
simple and effective numeral symbols from one to septillion can be
generated. They might be used in games, movies, animations, and even in
other arts.
Green palmar discoloration in a patient with primary sclerosis cholangitis: eccrine chromhidrosis or pompholyx?
Authors: Bouchabou Bochra , Farhat Fatma Ben , Ennaifer Rym , Ennakhli Abdelwaheb , nejma Houda Ben
Published: April 2021

Chromhidrosis is defined by the secretion of colored sweat and pompholyx
is a type of eczema characterized by the development of palmar and
plantar vesicles.The case that we report can be eccrine chromhidrosis
resembling the clinical features of pompholyx with explanation of
probable pathomechanism.
Lung Volume Determination by Dual-source Computed Tomography in Infants with Pulmonary Artery Sling
Authors: Yang Hao , Bing Wen , Cai Qiuyi , Li Jianlin , Hu Liangbo
Published: April 2021

Background: Pulmonary artery sling (PAS) is associated with tracheal
stenosis and left pulmonary artery (LPA) dysplasia in infants, which may
cause pulmonary dysplasia and lung volume variations. We aimed to assess
these altered lung volumes in patients with PAS using dual-source
computed tomography (DSCT). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled
patients with surgically confirmed PAS and compared them with matched
normal controls. All participants underwent DSCT examination. We
measured and compared the diameters of the trachea, main bronchus and
main pulmonary artery (MPA) and its branches and both lung volumes on
axial and reconstructed computed tomography images. Results: There were
no statistical differences in the diameters of MPA or right pulmonary
artery between patients and controls. The diameters of the stenosed
trachea , left and right main bronchi and LPA were smaller in the PAS
group than in the control group (p < 0.001) , and significant
differences were evident in the left lung volume (p < 0.001),
right lung volume (p = 0.008) and the right-to-left lung volume ratio (p
= 0.004) between the two groups. Pearson’s correlation and linear
regression analyses between the diameters of the trachea and MPA, total
lung volume, ipsilateral bronchial and pulmonary artery branches and
ipsilateral lung volume ranged from 0.71 to 0.87 (p < 0.001)
and 0.57 to 0.77 (p < 0.05) for the control and PAS groups,
respectively. Conclusions: Lung development is disordered in patients
with PAS, which causes not only tracheal stenosis and LPA dysplasia but
also dysplasia of both lungs.
Early-life cytomegalovirus infection is associated with gut microbiota perturbations and increased risk of atopy
Authors: Sbihi Hind , Simmons Karen , Sears Malcolm , Moraes Theo , Becker Allan , Mandhane PJ , Subbarao Padmaja , Dai Darlene , Finlay B. Brett , Turvey Stuart , Gantt Soren
Published: April 2021

Background: The ‘old friends’ hypothesis posits that reduced exposure to
previously ubiquitous microorganisms is one factor involved in the
increased rates of allergic diseases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be one
of the “old friends” hypothesized to help prevent allergic diseases.
We sought to elucidate whether early-life CMV infection is associated
with childhood atopy via perturbations of the gut microbiota. Methods:
Participants were recruited from a population-based birth cohort (CHILD
study) and followed prospectively until age five years in four Canadian
cities. A total of 928 participants provided stool microbiome data,
urine for CMV testing, skin-prick tests, and questionnaires-based
detailed environmental exposures. CMV infection was assessed in the
first year of life while the main outcome was defined by persistent
sensitization to any allergen at ages 1, 3, and 5 years. Results: Early
CMV infection was associated with increased beta and decreased alpha
diversity of the gut microbiota. Both changes in diversity measures and
early CMV infection were associated with persistent allergic
sensitization at age 5 years (aOR= 2.08; 95%CI: 1, 4.33). Mediation
analysis demonstrated that perturbation of gut microbial composition
explains 30% of the association. Conclusions: Early-life CMV infection
is associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota, which
mediates the effect of the infection on childhood atopy. This work
indicates that preventing CMV infection would not put children at
increased risk of developing atopy. Rather, a CMV vaccine, in addition
to preventing CMV-associated morbidity and mortality, might reduce the
risk of childhood allergic diseases.
Event-based runoff and sediment yield dynamics and controls in the sub-humid headwaters of the Blue Nile, Ethiopia
Authors: Deffersha Habtamu Assaye , Nyssen Jan , Poesen Jean , Lemma Hanibal , Meshesha Derege , Wassie Alemayehu , Tsegaye Enyew , Fentie Deribew , Frankl Amaury
Published: April 2021

Land degradation due to soil erosion presents a challenge for
sustainable development. We investigated the impact of land use type and
land management practices on runoff and sediment yield dynamics in the
northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. The study area included 14
zero-order catchments with a surface area ranging from 324 m2 to 1715
m2. V-notch weirs produced from plastic jars were introduced as
measuring alternatives that met local constraints. Runoff depth at the
weir was registered at 5-min intervals during two rainy seasons in 2018
and 2019. Rainfall was measured using tipping-bucket rain gauges. Runoff
samples were collected in 1-L bottles and suspended sediment
concentration (SSC) was determined. The mean event runoff coefficient
ranged from 3% for forests to 56% for badlands. Similarly, the mean
annual sediment yield (SY) was lowest for forests (0.8 Mg ha-1 yr-1) and
highest for badlands (43.4 Mg ha-1 yr-1), with significant differences
among land use types (14.8 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in cropland, 5.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in
grazing land, and 2.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in plantations). Soil organic matter
(SOM) reduced runoff and SY, necessitating the consideration of
agronomic and land management practices that enhance SOM. Annual SY
decreased exponentially with the rock fragment cover (RFC). In fields
where RFC was less than 20%, collecting rock fragments for installing
stone bunds resulted in a net increase in SY. Rehabilitating badlands
and enhancing SOM content in croplands can substantially reduce
catchment SY and, hence considerably contribute to the sustainability of
this type of environment.
Molecular allergology and its impact in specific allergy diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Hernández Domingo Barber , Perales Araceli Diaz , Escribese Maria , Kleine-Tebbe Jörg , Matricardi Paolo , Ollert Markus , Santos Alexandra , Sastre Joaquin
Published: April 2021

Progressive knowledge of allergenic structures resulted in a broad
availability of allergenic molecules for diagnosis. Component resolved
diagnosis allowed a better understanding of patient sensitization
patterns, facilitating allergen immunotherapy decisions. In parallel to
the discovery of allergenic molecules, there was a progressive
development of a regulation framework that affected both in vitro
diagnostics and Allergen Immunotherapy products. With a progressive
understanding of underlying mechanisms associated to Allergen
immunotherapy and an increasing experience of application of molecular
diagnosis in daily life, we focus in analyzing the evidences of the
value provided by molecular allergology in daily clinical practice, with
a focus on Allergen Immunotherapy decissions.
What is the impact of a previously failed Robicsek repair in the subsequent treatment of sternal dehiscence with thermoreactive nitinol clips?
Authors: Seyrek Yunus , Akkuş Murat
Published: April 2021

Background: In this study, we conducted a retrospective review of
patients at our institution with noninfectious sternal dehiscence (NISD)
after median sternotomy who received thermoreactive nitinol clips (TRNC)
treatment during a 10-year period. We compared TRNC patients with and
without history of failed Robicsek repair. The purpose of the study was
to analyze the impact of previous Robicsek repair on the treatment of
sternal dehiscence with TRCN. Methods: Between December 2009 and January
2020, out of 283 patients with NISD who underwent refixation, we studied
34 cases who received TRNC treatment. We divided these 34 cases into two
groups: patients who had a previously failed Robicsek procedure before
TRNC treatment (group A, n=11) and patients who had been directly
referred to TRCN treatment (group B, n= 23). Results: Postoperative
complication rate was significantly higher in group A (p=0.026).
Hospitalization duration was significantly longer in group A due to the
higher complication rate (p=0.001). Operative time was significantly
shorter and blood loss was significantly lower in group B (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The Robicsek procedure is considered an effective method in
the treatment of NISD but, in case of its failure, subsequent TRNC
treatment might become cumbersome in high-risk patients. In our study, a
previously failed Robicsek procedure caused significantly higher
morbidity and additional operative risk in later TRNC treatment of
high-risk cases. Ultimately, we speculate that a direct TRNC treatment
for NISD is favorable in high-risk patients.
Acute Right Ventricular Failure in a Patient with Non-ischemic Cardiogenic Shock on Left-Sided Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Routh Shuvodra , Fabrizio Carly , Sciortino Christopher , Kilic Arman , Toma Catalin , Ramanan Raj , Fowler Jeffrey , Randhawa Parmjeet , Hickey Gavin
Published: April 2021

We report a case of acute right ventricular failure in a patient with
cardiogenic shock on left-sided mechanical circulatory support with
Impella 5.0. The patient was successfully bridged to heart
transplantation using additional right-sided support with ProtekDuo. Key
learning points of the case include prompt recognition of right
ventricular failure in patients on left-sided support, early
consideration of right-ventricular mechanical support platforms, and
timely deployment of right-sided mechanical support.
A prediction model for placenta accreta spectrum: A multicentre external validation study.
Authors: Singh Shubhangi , Carusi Daniela , Wang Penny , Reitman-Ivashkov Elena , Landau Ruth , Fields Kara , Weiniger Carolyn , Farber Michaela
Published: April 2021

Objective: To validate the Weiniger model, a multivariable prediction
model for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Design: Multicentre external
validation study. Setting: Two tertiary care hospitals in the United
States. Population: Cohort A included patients with risk factors (prior
caesarean delivery, placenta praevia) and/or ultrasound features of PAS
(variable risk) presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Cohort B
patients were referred to a tertiary care hospital specifically for
ultrasound features of PAS (higher risk). Methods: Weiniger model
variables (prior caesarean deliveries, placenta praevia and ultrasound
features of PAS) were retrospectively collected from both cohorts and
predictive performance of the model was evaluated. Main Outcome
Measures: Surgical and/or pathological diagnosis of PAS. Results: The
model c-statistic in cohorts A and B was 0.728 (95% CI: 0.662, 0.794)
and 0.866 (95% CI: 0.754, 0.977) signifying acceptable and excellent
discrimination, respectively. Based on calibration curves, the model
underestimated average PAS risk in both cohorts. In both cohorts, high
risk was overestimated and low risk underestimated. Use of this model
compared to a “treat all” strategy had greater net benefit at a
threshold probability of > 0.25 in cohort A, but no net
benefit in cohort B. Conclusions: This study provides multicentre
external validation of the Weiniger model for PAS prediction, making it
a useful triaging tool for management of this high-risk obstetric
condition. Clinical usefulness of this model is influenced by the
incidence of risk factors and PAS ultrasound features, with better
performance in a variable-risk population at threshold probability
>25%.
How to Analyze Communication Data from Laboratory Experiments Without Being a Machine Learning Specialist
Authors: Wegener Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Recently, the analysis of communication has gained attention in experimental research. One important question is whether certain types of communication affect decisions differently than others. In this regard, Houser & Xiao (2011) present an approach for the classification of natural language messages. The primary limitation of their approach is its limited applicability to large message datasets. Therefore, Penczynski (2019) extends the methodological instruments by applying a machine learning classifier to experimental communication data. This is accompanied by the problem of a dearth of machine learning knowledge among experimenters. Hence, this paper presents an approach that employs a publicly available machine learning text analysis application. This makes it possible to analyze larger datasets based on small training datasets classified beforehand by human evaluators. As a first step, I use primary communication data reported by Charness and Dufwenberg (2006) to generate both training and test datasets. Following this approach, I am able to substantially replicate the original classification results obtained by Charness and Dufwenberg. The second step again involves messages from Charness and Dufwenberg as training data, while I take messages from a related trust game published by Deck et al. (2013) as a test, dataset. Promisingly, I am also able to replicate the classification results obtained by the external evaluators, as reported by Deck et al. The findings suggest that machine learning can be used to analyze large message datasets, both if the artificial intelligence is trained with data from the very same experiment and if it is trained with message data from a comparable experiment.