bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Methods for Partitioned Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations Applied to Ship Propellers
Authors: Lund Jorrid , Ferreira González Daniel , Radtke Lars , Abdel-Maksoud Moustafa , Düster Alexander
Published: October 2022

In naval architecture, fluid-structure interaction is highly important for many applications. The accurate and fast computation of fluid-structure interaction problems is for this reason a major challenge for a simulation engineer working on flexible structures interacting with water and wind.

For ship propellers, steel and metal alloy have long been the dominating choice of material. With the advancement in the development of fiber-reinforced polymers such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers the consideration of fluid-structure interaction for ship propellers becomes increasingly important.

This work presents a partitioned coupled solution approach for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems on the example of a large ship propeller. The in-house developed software library comana is used as coupling manager together with the commercial finite element software ANSYS as structural solver and the boundary element method code panMARE as fluid solver. comana offers the possibility to couple a number of existing and highly specialized solvers to solve multifield problems.

For partitioned coupled fluid-structure interaction problems the increased computational effort due to the necessary coupling iterations and possible instabilities due to the partitioned coupling should be reduced by suitable predictor and convergence acceleration methods. For convergence acceleration, the Aitken method is one of the most common choices even though Quasi-Newton methods such as the Quasi-Newton least-squares method show promising results for the acceleration of fluid-structure interaction simulations.

The simulation of the dynamic structural behaviour of a ship propeller is introduced and the advantages and disadvantages of the partitioned fluid-structure interaction simulation approach are shown. Predictor and convergence acceleration schemes to improve the solution process are discussed and results for flexible ship propellers are presented.
Hate and Aggression Analysis in NLP with Explainable AI
Authors: Raman Shatakshi , Gupta Vedika , Nagrath Preeti , Santosh KC
Published: October 2022

Social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have now become only media to express their thoughts, and due to lack of censorship, it often embellishes themselves as an abode for hate towards minorities. People of color, Asian people, Muslims, women, transgenders, and LGBTQ+ communities are often the target of such online hate and aggression. Though several companies have incorporated considerable algorithms on their platforms, nevertheless due to being rather hard to often detect such comments still make it to the platforms, creating a negative space towards targeted people. This research involves the study and comparison of different hate and aggression detection algorithms with intent on two languages, i.e. English and German including machine learning models (linear SVC, logistic regression, multinomial naive Bayes and random forests) with their variations with feature engineering and bag of words and deep learning (CNN-GRU static, TCN static, Seq2Seq) with their variations vis-à-vis Word2Vec embedding. CNN+GRU static + Word2Vec embedding has outperformed all the other techniques with an accuracy of 68.29%.
Molecular regulation of stretch activation
Authors: Robinett Joel C. , Hanft Laurin M. , Biesiadecki Brandon , McDonald Kerry S.
Published: October 2022

Stretch activation is defined as a delayed increase in force after rapid stretches. Although there is considerable evidence for stretch activation in isolated cardiac myofibrillar preparations, few studies have measured mechanisms of stretch activation in mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. We measured stretch activation following rapid step stretches [∼1%–4% sarcomere length (SL)] during submaximal Ca2+ activations of rat permeabilized slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers before and after protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates slow myosin binding protein-C. PKA significantly increased stretch activation during low (∼25%) Ca2+ activation and accelerated rates of delayed force development ( kef) during both low and half-maximal Ca2+ activation. Following the step stretches and subsequent force development, fibers were rapidly shortened to original sarcomere length, which often elicited a shortening-induced transient force overshoot. After PKA, step shortening-induced transient force overshoot increased ∼10-fold following an ∼4% SL shortening during low Ca2+ activation levels. kdf following step shortening also increased after PKA during low and half-maximal Ca2+ activations. We next investigated thin filament regulation of stretch activation. We tested the interplay between cardiac troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation at the canonical PKA and novel tyrosine kinase sites on stretch activation. Native slow-skeletal Tn complexes were exchanged with recombinant human cTn complex with different human cTnI N-terminal pseudo-phosphorylation molecules: 1) nonphosphorylated wild type (WT), 2) the canonical S22/23D PKA sites, 3) the tyrosine kinase Y26E site, and 4) the combinatorial S22/23D + Y26E cTnI. All three pseudo-phosphorylated cTnIs elicited greater stretch activation than WT. Following stretch activation, a new, elevated stretch-induced steady-state force was reached with pseudo-phosphorylated cTnI. Combinatorial S22/23D + Y26E pseudo-phosphorylated cTnI increased kdf. These results suggest that slow-skeletal myosin binding protein-C (sMyBP-C) phosphorylation modulates stretch activation by a combination of cross-bridge recruitment and faster cycling kinetics, whereas cTnI phosphorylation regulates stretch activation by both redundant and synergistic mechanisms; and, taken together, these sarcomere phosphoproteins offer precision targets for enhanced contractility.
Emerging links between endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and acute kidney injury
Authors: Porter Aidan W. , Brodsky Jeffrey L. , Buck Teresa M.
Published: October 2022

All cell types must maintain homeostasis under periods of stress. To prevent the catastrophic effects of stress, all cell types also respond to stress by inducing protective pathways. Within the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is exquisitely stress-sensitive, primarily because this organelle folds, posttranslationally processes, and sorts one-third of the proteome. In the 1990s, a specialized ER stress response pathway was discovered, the unfolded protein response (UPR), which specifically protects the ER from damaged proteins and toxic chemicals. Not surprisingly, UPR-dependent responses are essential to maintain the function and viability of cells continuously exposed to stress, such as those in the kidney, which have high metabolic demands, produce myriad protein assemblies, continuously filter toxins, and synthesize ammonia. In this mini-review, we highlight recent articles that link ER stress and the UPR with acute kidney injury (AKI), a disease that arises in ∼10% of all hospitalized individuals and nearly half of all people admitted to intensive care units. We conclude with a discussion of prospects for treating AKI with emerging drugs that improve ER function.
Prenatal stress induces changes in PAR2- and M3-dependent regulation of colon primitive cells
Authors: Berger Mathieu , Guiraud Laura , Dumas Alexia , Sagnat David , Payros Gaëlle , Rolland Corinne , Vergnolle Nathalie , Deraison Céline , Cenac Nicolas , Racaud-Sultan Claire
Published: October 2022

Primitive cells isolated from mouse colon following prenatal stress and exposed to additional stress conditions such as in vitro culture, present sexually dimorphic mechanisms based on PAR2- and M3-dependent regulation of proliferation and differentiation. Whereas prenatal stress reinforces the physiological negative control exerted by PAR2 and M3 in crypts from males, in females, it induces a switch in M3- and PAR2-dependent regulation leading to a resistant and proliferative phenotype of progenitor.
Interleukin-11 receptor subunit α-1 is required for maximal airway responsiveness to methacholine after acute exposure to ozone
Authors: Johnston Richard A. , Atkins Constance L. , Siddiqui Saad R. , Jackson William T. , Mitchell Nicholas C. , Spencer Chantal Y. , Pilkington Albert W. , Kashon Michael L. , Haque Ikram U.
Published: October 2022

Interleukin (IL)-11, a multifunctional cytokine, contributes to numerous biological processes, including adipogenesis, hematopoiesis, and inflammation. Asthma, a respiratory disease, is notably characterized by reversible airway obstruction, persistent lung inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Nasal insufflation of IL-11 causes AHR in wild-type mice while lung inflammation induced by antigen sensitization and challenge, which mimics features of atopic asthma in humans, is attenuated in mice genetically deficient in IL-11 receptor subunit α-1 (IL-11Rα1-deficient mice), a transmembrane receptor that is required conjointly with glycoprotein 130 to transduce IL-11 signaling. Nevertheless, the contribution of IL-11Rα1 to characteristics of nonatopic asthma is unknown. Thus, based on the aforementioned observations, we hypothesized that genetic deficiency of IL-11Rα1 attenuates lung inflammation and increases airway responsiveness after acute inhalation exposure to ozone (O3), a criteria pollutant and nonatopic asthma stimulus. Accordingly, 4 and/or 24 h after cessation of exposure to filtered room air or O3, we assessed lung inflammation and airway responsiveness in wild-type and IL-11Rα1-deficient mice. With the exception of bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages and adiponectin, which were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in O3-exposed IL-11Rα1-deficient as compared with O3-exposed wild-type mice, no other genotype-related differences in lung inflammation indices that we quantified were observed in O3-exposed mice. However, airway responsiveness to acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride (methacholine) was significantly diminished in IL-11Rα1-deficient as compared with wild-type mice after O3exposure. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that IL-11Rα1 minimally contributes to lung inflammation but is required for maximal airway responsiveness to methacholine in a mouse model of nonatopic asthma.
Xiaoqinglong Decoction Enhances Autophagy to Antagonist Airway Inflammation Induced by Cold in Asthmatic Rats
Authors: Wang Bin , Fan Xiaoxuan , Sun Qianwen , Zhang Qingxiang , Kong Yue , Meng Qingyan , Zhao Dongsheng , Mao Beibei , Liu Yan , Zhao Pan , Zhang Lu , Yan Peizheng
Published: October 2022

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease characterized by wheezing and shortness of breath. Its risk factors include genetic and acquired factors. The acquired factors are closely related to the environment, especially cold conditions. Autophagy plays a regulatory role in asthma. Therefore, we hypothesized that asthma can be controlled by drug intervention at the autophagy level under cold conditions. The Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLT) was freeze-dried. The compounds in the freeze-dried powder were identified and quantified using reference standards via the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats were subjected to cold stimulation. The effect of cold stimulation on autophagy levels was determined, and it was confirmed that cold stimulation affected autophagy. The effects and mechanisms of XQLT in an asthmatic rat model (OVA-sensitized rats stimulated with cold) were explored. The concentrations of paeoniflorin, liquiritin, trans-cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol, schisandrol A, and asarinin in XQLT freeze-dried powder were 14.45, 3.85, 1.03, 3.93, 0.59, 0.24, and 0.091 mg/g, respectively. Cold stimulation is an important cause of asthma. The inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were increased in the model group, accompanied by a decline in autophagy level. The treatment with XQLT increased the expression of autophagy genes and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. Histological studies showed that XQLT improved inflammatory infiltration and collagen fiber deposition in the lungs of rats. XQLT intervention increased autophagy in asthmatic rats. Autophagy plays a role in phagocytosis and reduces the accumulation of abnormal metabolites in the body to reduce airway inflammation and promote asthma recovery.
Research on the Design of Surgical Auxiliary Equipment Based on AHP, QFD, and PUGH Decision Matrix
Authors: Zhu Tian-Lu , Li Ya-Jun , Wu Ceng-Juan , Yue Han , Zhao Yi-Qian
Published: October 2022

To improve the efficiency of medical staff in surgical operations and meet the physiological and psychological needs of surgeons, nurses, and patients during the operations, surgical auxiliary equipment is designed. This paper builds a design research model based on AHP (analytic hierarchy process), QFD (quality function deployment), and Platts conceptual decision matrix (PUGH decision matrix). Firstly, the user requirements are weighed through AHP analysis, and the design elements are prioritized based on the weight values. Then, QFD is used to analyze the design features of surgical auxiliary equipment from the aspects of structure, function, and shape, and a house of quality is established to get the significance of design features. Finally, the PUGH decision matrix is constructed to screen and evaluate multiple schemes, and the optimal design scheme is obtained. From the perspective of user requirements and product design characteristics, the significance of design elements is analyzed and calculated, which guides the design practices to complete the innovative design of surgical auxiliary equipment. The combination of AHP, QFD, and PUGH decision matrices are introduced into the innovative design of surgical auxiliary equipment, effectively avoiding subjective factors in product design, improving the scientific nature of the design, and providing new methods and ideas for the design and research of surgical auxiliary equipment and similar products.
Passive Power Filter Optimization Problem Based on Adaptive Multipopulation NSGA-II and CRITIC-TOPSIS
Authors: Yuan Ye , Liu Cheng
Published: October 2022

The best configuration of passive filters in extra-high voltage systems is investigated in this study using a two-stage multiobjective decision-making (MODM) framework. A collection of Pareto solutions is found using an adaptive multipopulation-modified nondominated ranking genetic algorithm (AMP NSGA-II) in the first stage. The goals taken into account include the least fundamental reactive power compensation losses, overall cost and maintenance cost, and simultaneous minimum harmonic current distortion rate. The objective weights are determined and the optimum solution is chosen in the second stage using the criteria importance interrelationship (CRITIC) and similarity ranking preference technique (TOPSIS). A number of examples show how the suggested method performs more effectively than the conventional and well-known algorithm and can identify the relationship between the objective functions, indicating that the suggested scheme has better superiority in filters and has a promising future in the solution of multiobjective problems.
Repeated Cycles of Binge-Like Ethanol Exposure Induces Neurobehavioral Changes During Short- and Long-Term Withdrawal in Adolescent Female Rats
Authors: Queiroz Letícia Yoshitome , de Oliveira Igor Gonçalves , Cartágenes Sabrina de Carvalho , Fernandes Luanna Melo Pereira , dos Santos Sávio Monteiro , Ferreira Wallax Augusto Silva , Mello Junior Fernando Augusto Rodrigues , Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira , Paiva Edson Bruno Campos , Burbano Rommel Mario Rodríguez , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Correa , Monteiro Marta Chagas , Lima Rafael Rodrigues , Fontes-Júnior Enéas Andrade , Maia Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz
Published: October 2022

Alcohol consumption is spread worldwide and can lead to an abuse profile associated with severe health problems. Adolescents are more susceptible to addiction and usually consume ethanol in a binge drinking pattern. This form of consumption can lead to cognitive and emotional disorders, however scarce studies have focused on long-term hazardous effects following withdrawal periods after binge drinking in adolescents. Thus, the present study aims at investigating whether behavioral and cognitive changes persist until mid and late adulthood. Female Wistar rats (9-10 animals/group) received intragastric administration of four cycles of ethanol binge-like pattern (3.0 g/kg/day, 20% w/v; 3 days-on/4 days-off) from 35th to 58th days old, followed withdrawal checkpoints 1 day, 30 days, and 60 days. At each checkpoint period, behavioral tests of open field, object recognition test, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming test were performed, and blood and hippocampus were collected for oxidative biochemistry and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that adolescent rats exposed to binge drinking displayed anxiogenic- and depressive-like phenotype in early and midadulthood, however, anxiety-like profile persisted until late adulthood. Similarly, short-term memory was impaired in all withdrawal periods analysed, including late adult life. These behavioral data were associated with oxidative damage in midadulthood but not BDNF alterations. Taken together, the present work highlights the long-lasting emotional and cognitive alterations induced by ethanol binge drinking during adolescence, even after a long period of abstinence, which might impact adult life.
Combination of the STING Agonist MIW815 (ADU-S100) and PD-1 Inhibitor Spartalizumab in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase Ib Study
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Sweis Randy F. , Kasper Stefan , Hamid Omid , Bhatia Shailender , Dummer Reinhard , Stradella Agostina , Long Georgina V. , Spreafico Anna , Shimizu Toshio , Steeghs Neeltje , Luke Jason J. , McWhirter Sarah M. , Müller Thomas , Nair Nitya , Lewis Nancy , Chen Xinhui , Bean Andrew , Kattenhorn Lisa , Pelletier Marc , Sandhu Shahneen
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is a transmembrane protein that plays a role in the immune response to tumors. Single-agent STING agonist MIW815 (ADU-S100) has demonstrated immune activation but limited antitumor activity. This phase Ib, multicenter, dose-escalation study assessed the safety and tolerability of MIW815 plus spartalizumab (PDR001), a humanized IgG4 antibody against PD-1, in 106 patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas.

Patients and Methods:

Patients were treated with weekly intratumoral injections of MIW815 (50–3,200 μg) on a 3-weeks-on/1-week-off schedule or once every 4 weeks, plus a fixed dose of spartalizumab (400 mg) intravenously every 4 weeks.

Results:

Common adverse events were pyrexia (n = 23; 22%), injection site pain (n = 21; 20%), and diarrhea (n = 12; 11%). Overall response rate was 10.4%. The MTD was not reached. Pharmacodynamic biomarker analysis demonstrated on-target activity.

Conclusions:

The combination of MIW815 and spartalizumab was well tolerated in patients with advanced/metastatic cancers, including in patients with anti-PD-1 refractory disease. Minimal antitumor responses were seen.
The Next Generation of KRAS Targeting: Reasons for Excitement and Concern
Authors: Akhave Neal S. , Biter Amadeo B. , Hong David S.
Published: October 2022

The development of selective KRASG12C inhibitors that directly inhibit KRAS, an oncogene historically thought to be “undruggable,” represents a watershed moment in oncology and developmental therapeutics. Now, as KRAS-targeted therapy moves into its second phase, there is significant excitement and anticipation for durable disease control in tumor types where options remain limited, with clinical trials testing combination therapies, indirect pan-RAS/MAP kinase pathway inhibitors, and active-state RAS(on) inhibitors.

However, there is also reason for caution regarding the safety and tolerability of expanded RAS inhibition. This is evidenced by the intolerability of some combination therapies with selective KRASG12C inhibitors and foreshadowed by prior failures of combination therapies in other oncogene-driven tumors.

Herein, we review the landscape of and outlook for KRAS-targeted therapies. We specifically focus upon strategies to combat resistance to KRAS-targeted therapies, and discuss the possibility of off-target or unanticipated on-target effects that may limit clinical use.
Integrin β1 and the Repair after Nervous System Injury
Authors: Yan Lei , Cui Zhiming
Published: October 2022

Background: Integrin β1, as a member of the adhesion molecule family, is widely distributed in many kinds of cells and participates in multiple biological functions of the nervous system, including cytoskeleton reorganization, axon growth, and inflammatory injury. Summary: After nervous system injury, integrin β1 expressed by microglia is mainly involved in promoting inflammatory damage; integrin β1 expressed by astrocytes plays an important role in axon regeneration; integrin β1 expressed by endothelial cells mainly participates in vascular remodeling. We concluded that the function of integrin β1 depends on the location of the receptor cells. The mechanism of integrin β1, which is involved in the inflammatory response of immune regulatory cells and affects the axonal regeneration of neuronal cells, is the key to explore the repair after nervous system injury. The development of drugs targeting integrin β1 is expected to bring a breakthrough in the treatment of nervous system injury. Key Messages: This paper expounds the important role of integrin β1 in neurons of the nervous system and emphasizes the central role of integrin β1 in regulating non-neuronal cells after nervous system damage.
Real-World Experience of Efficacy and Safety of Trabectedin in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Bicentric Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chaigneau Loïc , Jary Marine , Nerich Virginie , Hervieu Alice , Aubry Sébastien , Charon Barra Céline , Meynard Guillaume , Neumann Florent , Kalbacher Elsa , Isambert Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a rare and heterogenous group of tumors, with poor prognostic, judging from their frequency to relapse. Few drugs are available after the conventional first-line regimen. Since 2007, trabectedin got approval after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, for advanced or metastatic STS. This led to a FDA approval in 2015, but real-world evidence is still required, complementary to the pivotal phase II and III trials. Methods: One hundred twenty-six patients with STS, treated by trabectedin between 2002 and 2019, were analyzed in this retrospective study, in two French centers. The effects of trabectedin on survival, response, and toxicity were described. All patients were tested for toxicities, and efficacy was assessed in patients exposed to at least 2 cycles of trabectedin. Results: Three median cycles were administered per patient (1–79). Among the 113 patients analyzed for efficacy, the median progression-free survival was 3.0 months (95% CI: 2.3–4.8), with an overall survival of 12.3 months (95% CI: 10.2–16.9). The rate of disease control was 46% at the end of treatment. Myxoid liposarcoma (n = 11) was the histology subtype that benefited most from this chemotherapy with median progression-free survival and overall survival of 13.3 months (95% CI: 2.3–18.7) and 27.8 months (95% CI: 3.2–64.7), respectively. Adverse events were manageable. Discussion and Conclusion: Efficacy of trabectedin is confirmed in terms of clinical benefit and low toxicity, especially for myxoid liposarcoma. Combinatory regimens are under clinical trials to optimize the place of this chemotherapy.
Ocupação-Monumento: uma outra memória para São Paulo hoje
Authors: Ferrari Erica
Published: October 2022

A crise em relação aos monumentos e lugares de memória tradicionais revela a emergência contemporânea por outras narrativas históricas, a reivindicação de renovados usos do espaço da cidade e a luta por mais igualdade social. Esse trabalho parte de reflexão acerca do conceito de monumento na produção artística, considerando a Ocupação 9 de Julho, coordenada pelo MSTC (Movimento sem Teto do Centro) como possível monumento para a São Paulo de hoje.
Beyond Backpropagation: Bilevel Optimization Through Implicit Differentiation and Equilibrium Propagation
Authors: Zucchet Nicolas , Sacramento João
Published: October 2022

This review examines gradient-based techniques to solve bilevel optimization problems. Bilevel optimization extends the loss minimization framework underlying statistical learning to systems that are implicitly defined through a quantity they minimize. This characterization can be applied to neural networks, optimizers, algorithmic solvers, and even physical systems and allows for greater modeling flexibility compared to the usual explicit definition of such systems. We focus on solving learning problems of this kind through gradient descent, leveraging the toolbox of implicit differentiation and, for the first time applied to this setting, the equilibrium propagation theorem. We present the mathematical foundations behind such methods, introduce the gradient estimation algorithms in detail, and compare the competitive advantages of the different approaches.
Stachys cudiensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Şırnak province (Turkey), belonging to section Olisia
Authors: FIRAT MEHMET , GÜNER ÖZAL
Published: October 2022

A new species, Stachys cudiensis (section Olisa), is described and illustrated from Şırnak province, Turkey. The new species morphologically resembles Stachys diversifolia, but differs in several morphological features including retrorsely pubescent flowering stems, oblong to oblong-lanceolate bracteoles, short calyx with densely glandular hairs and sessile glands and gibbous corolla tube and nutlet dimensions and surface properties and prolate-spheroidal pollen shape. A comprehensive description of the new species micromorphological and palynological data are provided, including detailed photographs, geographical distribution map, habitat structure and ecology, vernacular name and IUCN conservation status.
Hydrogen Peroxide Enhances Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase Expression to Impede the Lipopolysaccharides-Triggered Apoptosis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Hu Yunli , Wu Chunfeng , Chen Qingmei , Zhang Yu , Chen Zhongxia
Published: October 2022

As a type of stem cells that mainly exist in the connective tissue or interstitium, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit great potential in self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. They have been clinically utilized for the treatment of various diseases including cancer.
This study aims to provide solid evidence for the further development and application of MSCs in human diseases. MSCs were assigned into 5 groups: control group, LPS group, low-, medium- and high-dose hydrogen peroxide groups. After one-hour treatment with LPS, MSCs were exposed to H2O2
for 12 hours followed by analysis of cell apoptosis, viability via EdU staining, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry, FA2H expression by qPCR and Western blotting. The hydrogen peroxide treatment reduced proportion of apoptotic cells induced by LPS, along with enhanced viability and milder DNA
damage. In addition, hydrogen peroxide impeded the LPS-triggered apoptosis of human MSCs. The results above proved that hydrogen peroxide significantly impeded the LPS-triggered apoptosis of MSCs, and further increased cell viability. This protective effect of hydrogen peroxide was mainly
achieved by upregulation of FA2H expression. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide can enhance FA2H expression to impede the LPS-triggered apoptosis of human MSCs. This finding helps to improve the further development and application of MSCs in treating human diseases.
The Protective Effect of miRNA-146a Liposome Nanoparticles on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells After Coronary Intervention
Authors: Hu Youbin , Qian Chengmei , Gao Linlin , Sun Ling , Wang Lili
Published: October 2022

The abnormal expression of miRNA-146a is related to the progression of coronary arteries. This study intends to explore the protective effect of miRNA-146a on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after coronary intervention and the related mechanism. 10 miniature pigs were randomly assigned into control group, model group, blank group, miRNA-146a group, cilostazol group, and STAT3 signaling agonist group followed by analysis of the morphology and viability of VSMCs, expression of miRNA-146a, STAT3, NF-kB, TNF-a, IL-6, and AT-1R as well as the relationship between miR-146a and STAT3. The BNP (192.39±12.32) pg/ml and cTnI (14.20±2.12)μg/L of model group were significantly higher than those of control group (P< 0.05). miRNA-146a level was highest in miRNA-146a group and cilostazol group, while lower in other two groups with the lowest level in agonist group (P<0.05). The cell viability and AngII level of miRNA-146a group and cilostazol group were lower, and higher in the other two groups with highest level in pathway agonist group (P< 0.05). miRNA-146a group and cilostazol group showed lower expressions of STAT3, NF-kB, TNF-a, IL-6, AT-1R than the other two groups. The pathway agonist group showed significantly higher level than blank group (P<0.05). liposome nanoparticles carrying miRNA-146a inhibited the activity of STAT3 signaling, down-regulated the levels of downstream factors including TNF-a, IL-6, and TNF-a and subsequently decreased AngII and AT-1R levels, therefore playing a protective effect on VSMCs after coronary intervention.
Comparison of the Efficacy of HYAFF11 Mesh with Collagen Membranes in Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Kaya Gulsat , Tekkesin Merva Soluk , Balcioglu Nilufer Bolukbasi
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HYAFF11-based meshes in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Two defects of 5-mm width were prepared in the calvaria of 36 rats. The rats were divided into the following groups: empty defect (group E); HYAFF11-based mesh (group HY), collagen membrane
(group CM), xenograft (group X), xenograft+HYAFF11 mesh (group X+HY), and xenograft+collagen membrane (group X+CM). Sacrifications were performed at the third and sixth post-surgical weeks, followed by histological evaluation. The highest amount of new bone (NB) formation in the third week
was observed in group X+CM (0.94±0.40 mm2), followed by group X+HY (0.80±0.21 mm2). The highest amount of NB formation in the sixth week was observed in group X+CM (1.57±0.66 mm2), followed by groups X and X+HY (1.39±0.48 mm2
and 1.34±0.44 mm2, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of residual graft between groups X+HY, X+CM, and X at the third and sixth weeks. Considering the close values observed between the groups, it could be concluded that HYAFF11
may be an alternative biomaterial for use in GBR. Further studies using different graft materials and defect sizes are required to evaluate the effectiveness of HYAFF11 in GBR.
Regulating Function of miR-146a Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMSC) in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Yu Honglei , Ju Qiu , Cheng Shouchao
Published: October 2022

This study assesses the mechanism of miR-146a derived from Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) in acute lung injury. The model of ALI rats was established through endotracheal perfusion of LPS followed by analysis histological changes by HE staining. The source of BMSC was detected
through flow cytometry and change of miRNA was detected through Array method. The miR-146a level in lung tissue was detected with RT-PCR and expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Capase-9 was detected with IF and Western Blot. A high expression of CD90 and CD105 was found in BMSC with negative CD11bc
and CD34 level. 39 downregulated miRNAs and 20 upregulated miRNAs were found in ALI with miR-146a being the most significant. The apoptotic level induced with LPS could be restrained by miR-146a. In addition, miR-146a could upregulate Bcl-2 and downregulate Bax and Caspase-9. In conclusion,
ALI could be restrained by the low expression of miR-146a.
A barrier to sustainable transports? Path dependence and the Swedish tax deduction for commuting
Authors: Pettersson Thomas , Jansson Johan , Lindgren Urban
Published: October 2022

We explore the decisions in Parliament about the Swedish tax deduction for commuting since the 1980s. The aim is to explain the continuity of the tax regulation despite several attempts from motions in Parliament and public investigations to reform it towards environmental goals, e.g., reduced emissions of CO2. When reforms have been proposed, the political majority in Parliament has regardless of political colour voted against and retreated to the original motives for the tax deduction; economic growth and the enlargement of regional labour markets. The interests of Swedish mass motorisation succeeded in finding the arguments to slow down reforms and at the same time reinforce the path dependency by adding new legitimacy to the regulation. If the attempts to reform the tax deduction had been part of a broader reform of the transport sector and the tax system, they might have succeeded in breaking with the old path.
Links of daily shared appraisal and collaboration to support, mood, and self-care in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zajdel Melissa , Naqvi Jeanean B , Niezink Nynke MD , Helgeson Vicki S
Published: October 2022

Research has increasingly recognized the links of communal coping—a shared appraisal of a stressor and collaborative action to manage it—to positive adjustment outcomes in chronic illness. However, past literature rarely examines if these two components have unique links to relationship and health outcomes, if one component is more strongly linked than the other component to these outcomes, or if the two components interact to influence outcomes. Additionally, the impact of shared appraisal and collaboration may depend on the source—the patient or the romantic partner. In a study of 200 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and their spouses, daily reports of shared appraisal and collaboration, mood, support interactions, and patient self-care were collected over 14 consecutive days. Multi-level modeling showed that both patient and spouse reports of shared appraisal and collaboration were linked independently to support interactions and better mood for patients and spouses, while collaboration alone was linked to self-care. Further, collaboration was generally more strongly linked to behavioral outcomes—support and self-care—than shared appraisal, while links to mood were similar for shared appraisal and collaboration. Shared appraisal and collaboration also interacted such that shared appraisal was particularly beneficial for those who reported low collaboration. Finally, results suggested one’s own reports of shared appraisal and collaboration were more strongly linked to outcomes than partner reports. Overall, these findings demonstrate unique impacts of daily shared appraisal and collaboration on adjustment to chronic illness for patients and spouses.
Acute Ischemic Stroke and Heart Failure: Stroke Risk Factors Associated with Exclusion from Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Sanders Carolyn Breauna , Knisely Krista , Rathfoot Chase , Edrissi Camron , Nathaniel Thomas
Published: October 2022

Objective: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with congestive heart failure (HF) that present with various risk factors are less likely to receive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). The risk factors associated with excluding AIS patients with congestive heart failure (AIS-HF) from rtPA therapy have not been fully established. Methods: Retrospective data for 5469 AIS patients comprised of 590 AIS patients with HF and 4879 AIS patients without HF were collected from a regional stroke registry between January 2010 and June 2016. Baseline risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors associated with rtPA exclusion in AIS-HF patients. Results: In the adjusted analysis, AIS-HF patients that that did not receive rtPA were more likely to be older (OR = 0.982, 95% CI, 0.966-1, P = .020), presented with coronary artery disease (OR = 0.618, 95% CI, 0.391-0.98, P = .040), and with an elevated INR (OR = 0.326, 95% CI, 0.129-0.82, P = .018). AIS-HF patients that were included for rtPA therapy were more likely to show improvement in ambulatory status (OR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.058-2.7, P = .028). The discriminating power of the model was strong with an area under the curve (AUROC) = 0.668 (95% CI, 0.611-0.724, P < .001). Conclusion: Our study establishes the associations between stroke risk factors and exclusion from rtPA therapy. This finding suggests the need to develop management strategies for older HF patients with carotid artery disease and an elevated INR to improve their eligibility for rtPA treatment following an acute ischemic stroke.
Thinking Outside the Self-Report: Using Evaluation Plans to Assess Evaluation Capacity Building
Authors: Wingate Lori A. , Robertson Kelly , FitzGerald Michael , Rucks Lana , Tsuzaki Takara , Clasen Carla , Schwob Jeremy
Published: October 2022

In this study, we investigated the impact of the evaluation capacity building (ECB) efforts of an organization by examining the evaluation plans included in funding proposals over a 14-year period. Specifically, we sought to determine the degree to which and how evaluation plans in proposals to one National Science Foundation (NSF) program changed over time and the extent to which the organization dedicated to ECB in that program may have influenced those changes. Independent raters used rubrics to assess the presence of six essential evaluation plan elements. Statistically significant correlations indicate that proposal evaluation plans improved over time, with noticeable differences before and after ECB efforts were integrated into the program. The study adds to the limited literature on using artifacts of evaluation practice rather than self-reports to assess ECB impact.
Physiotherapy treatment for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: Results of a patient-centred rehabilitation guideline using functional and patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Bardsley Jenna L , Daw Rachael LC , Gibson Jo , Brownson Peter , Guisasola Inigo , Kent Matthew , Parmar Rishee , Smith Matthew G
Published: October 2022

Rehabilitation after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is accepted to be an essential component to successful outcome achievement, but successful rehabilitation approaches have yet to be well described in the literature. This retrospective review documents the outcomes of a cohort of 29 patients undergoing RTSA surgery with rehabilitation following the Upper Limb Treatment and Rehabilitation Advice (ULTRA) guideline (Appendix 1). The Oxford Shoulder Score, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, range of movement (degrees of flexion, abduction and external rotation) and numerical rating score for pain were prospectively collected pre-operatively and at one- and two-years post-operatively. Scores were then evaluated to establish whether or not there were any significant changes over time. Statistically significant improvements were seen in all outcome domains from pre-operative to one-year post-operative. All improvements met the threshold for achieving substantial clinical benefit as well as exceeding the minimum clinically important difference, and all improvements were maintained at the two-year post-operative time point. The present study showed that following the ULTRA guideline after elective RTSA can give statistically significant improvements in range of movement, pain score and patient-reported outcome at one-year post-operatively, which can be maintained up to two-years post-operatively.
Enhancing the optical performance of organic light-emitting diodes using nanoscale random rubbed structure
Authors: Shin Cheol , Lee Seungwon , Choi Kwang Wook , Hwang Young Hyun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon
Published: October 2022

In this study, we evaluated a nanoscale random rubbed structure (nRRS) used as a scattering layer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) through an innovative manufacturing method. The rubbing technique, which is conventionally utilized only for liquid crystal alignment, is a manufacturing process with excellent merit in that it can form nanoscale random corrugation in a large area without vacuum equipment even at room temperature, and it is simple and inexpensive. The optimized nRRS, fabricated via rubbing, exhibited a high transmittance of 97.8% and haze of 17.8%, making it suitable as a scattering layer for OLEDs. Owing to its random nature, the scattering effect occurred effectively by rearranging the waveguided light inside the glass substrate. The OLED combined with the optimized nRRS showed a 25.4% improvement in the external quantum efficiency. Additionally, the spectral distortion according to the viewing angle was alleviated, which was confirmed by the negligible difference in the International Commission on Illumination 1931 color space coordinates (∆(x, y) = (0.01, 0.013)). The optical performance of the nRRS–OLED was predicted through a finite-difference time-domain simulation and verified by showing results consistent with those of the fabricated device. This research is expected to be widely applied in many optical devices because it is possible to form a random corrugation on the outside of the device without the difficulty of simply fabricating a beneficial optical structure.
Evaluation of deep learning techniques for identification of sarcoma-causing carcinogenic mutations
Authors: Shah Asghar Ali , Alturise Fahad , Alkhalifah Tamim , Khan Yaser Daanial
Published: October 2022

The abnormal growth of human healthy cells is called cancer. One of the major types of cancer is sarcoma, mostly found in human bones and soft tissue cells. It commonly occurs in children. According to a survey of the United States of America, there are more than 17,000 sarcoma patients registered each year which is 15% of all cancer cases. Recognition of cancer at its early stage saves many lives. The proposed study developed a framework for the early detection of human sarcoma cancer using deep learning Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithms. The DNA of a human cell is made up of 25,000 to 30,000 genes. Each gene is represented by sequences of nucleotides. The nucleotides in a sequence of a driver gene can change which is termed as mutations. Some mutations can cause cancer. There are seven types of a gene whose mutation causes sarcoma cancer. The study uses the dataset which has been taken from more than 134 samples and includes 141 mutations in 8 driver genes. On these gene sequences RNN algorithms Long and Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units and Bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) are used for training. Rigorous testing techniques such as Self-consistency testing, independent set testing, 10-fold cross-validation test are applied for the validation of results. These validation techniques yield several metrics such as Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, Mathew's correlation coefficient, loss, and accuracy. The proposed algorithm exhibits an accuracy of 99.6% with an AUC value of 1.00.
Definitely Not a Walk in the Park: Coping with Competing Values in Complex Project Networks
Authors: Kuitert Lizet , Volker Leentje , Hermans Marleen H.
Published: October 2022

Complex project networks confront project actors, with value pluralism originating from a plethora of competing organizational and institutional systems related to the project environment. Using a single urban redevelopment case study, we present a dynamic understanding of the emergence and nature of conflicts in different conflict arenas of collaborative project networks. We identify seven coping patterns to reduce and engage with this complexity in the process of delivering value throughout projects. The coping patterns enable a more dynamic and flexible approach toward conflict management in project networks with a high degree of conflicting project interests.
School-based cognitive behavioural intervention programme for addressing anxiety in 10- to 11-year-olds using short classroom activities in Japan: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Urao Yuko , Yoshida Michiko , Sato Yasunori , Shimizu Eiji
Published: October 2022

Background

Although several school-based cognitive behavioural intervention programmes have been developed in Japan to prevent and improve children’s anxiety disorders, the substantial time required for their completion remains a problem.

Methods

A brief version of the cognitive behavioural programme called ‘Journey of the Brave’, developed for Japanese children was conducted among 90 children aged 10‒11 years using 20-min short classroom activities, and its effectiveness was examined. The children were divided into two groups: the intervention (n = 31) and control groups (n = 59). The control group did not attend any programme sessions and followed regular school curriculum. We conducted 14 weekly programme sessions and assessed children at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 2-month follow-up (6 months after the beginning). The primary and secondary outcome measures were the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) to assess children’s anxiety symptoms and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure behaviour problems, respectively.

Results

A statistically significant reduction in the SCAS score in the intervention group was found at 2-month follow-up compared with the control group. A significant reduction was also observed in the SDQ score.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that the ‘Journey of the Brave’ programme, which requires only 5 h of short classroom activities, demonstrates promising results compared with previous programmes. A larger randomised control trial would be desirable.

Trial registration

UMIN, UMIN000009021, Registered 10 March 2012.