bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red and blue wavelengths affect the morphology, energy use efficiency and nutritional content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Chen Xiao-li , Li You-li , Wang Li-chun , Guo Wen-zhong
Published: April 2021

Since red (R) and blue (B) LED light has different quantum efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency, mixed RB with different proportions of R and B results in varied energy consumption. In order to improve the energy use efficiency of the closed-type plant production systems, the effects of R and B proportions on the electric use efficiency (EUE), light use efficiency (LUE) as well as the quality of butter leaf lettuce were evaluated in this study. Lettuce seedlings were cultivated in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) and subjected to eleven combinations of R and B (100%R, 90%R, 80%R, 70%R, 60%R, 50%R, 40%R, 30%R, 20%R, 10%R, 0%R; the rest of the photons in each treatment were B) with the same total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photoperiod (200 ± 3 μmol·m−2·s−1, 16 h) for 35 days. The results showed that palpable petiole distortion appeared when R proportion was more than 70% and the distortion was aggravated with the increase of R proportion. The highest EUE and LUE were both detected in lettuce under 90%R treatment, which were respectively 3.64% and 1.20%. The least number of photons and the least electricity amount required to produce 1 g dry weight of lettuce was respectively 2.92 mol and 1.67 MJ, which were both detected in lettuce treated with 90%R. The sucrose content in lettuce treated with more than 50%R was significantly higher than those treated with less than 50%R (50%R included). Lettuce treated with 80%R possessed the highest soluble sugar content as well as the lowest crude fiber and nitrate content (not significantly different with the minimum values). R proportion exceeding 50% in mixed RB light was beneficial to the accumulation of hexose and sucrose, as well as the decomposition of nitrate in lettuce. The vitamin C content in lettuce treated with 100%R was significantly higher than that in lettuce under other treatments in the study. On the whole, the study indicated that the proportions of R and B affected the energy use efficiency and quality of lettuce in closed plant factory, however the responses of plants to the proportions of R and B varied according to different indexes. Thus, some indexes of top priority should be determined before choosing the optimal proportions of R and B.
Cortical and subcortical gray matter changes in patients with chronic tinnitus sustaining after vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Trakolis Leonidas , Bender Benjamin , Ebner Florian H. , Ernemann Ulrike , Tatagiba Marcos , Naros Georgios
Published: April 2021

Tinnitus is attributed to partial sensory deafferentation resulting in a central maladaptive neuroplasticity. Unfortunately, the agent of deafferentation is usually unknown or irreversible. In patients with unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS), however, the auditory nerve is affected by a benign tumor. Hence, removal of the tumor can cease the tinnitus. In turn, sustaining complaints after surgery indicate cortical neuroplasticity. The present study is a cross sectional study which aims to track cortical structural changes by surface-based morphometry in 46 VS patients with sustained (i.e. centralized) or ceased (i.e. peripheral) tinnitus after surgery. A volumetric analysis of cortical and subcortical gray matter (GM) anatomy was performed on preoperative high-resolution MRI and related to the presence of hearing impairment, pre- and/or postoperative tinnitus. Patients with sustained (i.e. chronic) tinnitus showed an increased GM volume of the bilateral caudate nucleus, the contralateral superior colliculus, the middle frontal and middle temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus as well as the ipsilateral pars orbitalis when compared to those patients in whom tinnitus ceased postoperatively. Chronic tinnitus in VS patients is associated with characteristic structural changes in frontal, temporal and subcortical areas. Notably, a significant GM change of the caudate nucleus was detected providing further support for the striatal gaiting model of tinnitus.
Threshold voltage instability and polyimide charging effects of LTPS TFTs for flexible displays
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Park Jongwoo , Khim Taeyoung , Bak Sora , Song Jangkun , Choi Byoungdeog
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the Vth shift of p-type LTPS TFTs fabricated on a polyimide (PI) and glass substrate considering charging phenomena. The Vth of the LTPS TFTs with a PI substrate positively shift after a bias temperature stress test. However, the Vth with a glass substrate rarely changed even with increasing stress. Such a positive Vth shift results from the negative charging of fluorine stemmed from the PI under the gate bias. In fact, the C–V characterization on the metal–insulator-metal capacitor reveals that charging at the SiO2/PI interface depends on the applied gate bias and the PI material, which agrees well with the TCAD simulation and SIMS analyses. As a result, the charging at the SiO2/PI interface contributes to the Vth shift of the LTPS TFTs leading to image sticking.
Isolation and characterisation of lymphatic endothelial cells from lung tissues affected by lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Nishino Koichi , Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Muramatsu Tomoki , Sekimoto Yasuhito , Mitani Keiko , Kobayashi Etsuko , Okamoto Shouichi , Ebana Hiroki , Okada Yoshinori , Kurihara Masatoshi , Suzuki Kenji , Inazawa Johji , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Watabe Tetsuro , Seyama Kuniaki
Published: April 2021

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare pulmonary disease characterised by the proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells (LAM cells), and an abundance of lymphatic vessels in LAM lesions. Studies reported that vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) secreted by LAM cells contributes to LAM-associated lymphangiogenesis, however, the precise mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and characteristics of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in LAM lesions have not yet been elucidated. In this study, human primary-cultured LECs were obtained both from LAM-affected lung tissues (LAM-LECs) and normal lung tissues (control LECs) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We found that LAM-LECs had significantly higher ability of proliferation and migration compared to control LECs. VEGF-D significantly promoted migration of LECs but not proliferation of LECs in vitro. cDNA microarray and FACS analysis revealed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 and integrin α9 were elevated in LAM-LECs. Inhibition of VEGFR-3 suppressed proliferation and migration of LECs, and blockade of integrin α9 reduced VEGF-D-induced migration of LECs. Our data uncovered the distinct features of LAM-associated LECs, increased proliferation and migration, which may be due to higher expression of VEGFR-3 and integrin α9. Furthermore, we also found VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 and VEGF-D/ integrin α9 signaling play an important role in LAM-associated lymphangiogenesis.
Dirac fermion metagratings in graphene
Authors: Wan Pengcheng , Ren Yinghui , Wang Qianjing , Huang Di , Zhou Ling , Guo Haiqin , Du Junjie
Published: April 2021

We theoretically demonstrate a Dirac fermion metagrating which is an artificially engineered material in graphene. Although its physics mechanism is different from that of optical metagrating, both of them can deliver waves to one desired diffraction order. Here we design the metagrating as a linear array of bias-tunable quantum dots to engineer electron beams to travel along the -1st-order transmission direction with unity efficiency. Equivalently, electron waves are deflected by an arbitrary large-angle ranging from 90° to 180° by controlling the bias. The propagation direction changes abruptly without the necessity of a large transition distance. This effect is irrelevant to complete band gaps and thus the advantages of graphene with high mobility are not destroyed. This can be attributed to the whispering-gallery modes, which evolve with the angle of incidence to completely suppress the other diffraction orders supported by the metagrating and produce unity-efficiency beam deflection by enhancing the -1st transmitted diffraction order. The concept of Dirac fermion metagratings opens up a new paradigm in electron beam steering and could be applied to achieve two-dimensional electronic holography.
A new class of anionic metallohelicates based on salicylic and terephthalic acid units, accessible in solution and by mechanochemistry
Authors: Do Jean-Louis , Titi Hatem M. , Cuccia Louis A. , Friščić Tomislav
Published: April 2021

We describe a new helicate design based on readily available, abundant salicylic and terephthalic acids, accessible in solution and mechanochemically.
Use of ensiled biomass sorghum increases ionic liquid pretreatment efficiency and reduces biofuel production cost and carbon footprint
Authors: Magurudeniya Harsha D. , Baral Nawa Raj , Rodriguez Alberto , Scown Corinne D. , Dahlberg Jeff , Putnam Daniel , George Anthe , Simmons Blake A. , Gladden John M.
Published: April 2021

The use of ensiled biomass sorghum enables implementation of relatively mild pretreatment conditions compared to non-ensiled sorghum and results in higher sugar yields, which reduces the biofuel production cost and associated carbon footprint.
High throughput transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements on perfused membrane-free epithelia
Authors: Nicolas A. , Schavemaker F. , Kosim K. , Kurek D. , Haarmans M. , Bulst M. , Lee K. , Wegner S. , Hankemeier T. , Joore J. , Domansky K. , Lanz H. L. , Vulto P. , Trietsch S. J.
Published: April 2021

We present an instrument for simultaneously measuring TEER in up to 80 perfused epithelial tubules on an OrganoPlate. The sensitivity, speed and ease of use enables screening of tubules during formation, drug exposure and inflammatory processes.
Measuring barrier function in organ-on-chips with cleanroom-free integration of multiplexable electrodes
Authors: Bossink Elsbeth G. B. M. , Zakharova Mariia , de Bruijn Douwe S. , Odijk Mathieu , Segerink Loes I.
Published: April 2021

A cleanroom-free method to integrate electrodes for transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements in Organ-on-Chips (OoCs) is presented and validated for a gut and a blood-brain barrier model.
Vanadium-substituted heteropolyacids (H3+mPW12−mVmO40) encapsulated in Fe3O4@UiO-66 magnetic core–shell microspheres as excellent catalysts for oxidative desulfurization under oxygen
Authors: Wang Chaowei , Liu Zhe , Hu Guangfa , Gao Ruimin , Zhao Jianshe
Published: April 2021

In this study, the novel magnetic core–shell composites Fe3O4@UiO-66-HPA, consisting of magnetic Fe3O4@UiO-66 and vanadium-substituted Keggin-type heteropolyacid active species supported by Zr-MOF, were preparedvia a one-pot method and fully characterized.
Single-step solvothermal synthesis of highly uniform CdxZn1−xS nanospheres for improved visible light photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Kundu Joyjit , Mal Diptangshu Datta , Pradhan Debabrata
Published: April 2021

A single step synthesis of a solid solution of CdxZn1−xS is demonstrated with optimum Cd and Zn percentage for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light.
Oxidation-assisted alkaline precipitation of nanoparticles using gas-diffusion electrodes
Authors: Eggermont Sam G. F. , Prato Rafael , Dominguez-Benetton Xochitl , Fransaer Jan
Published: April 2021

By benchmarking gas-diffusion electrocrystallization against alkaline precipitation for the synthesis of (hydr)oxide nanoparticles, oxidation-assisted precipitation of magnetite nanoparticles was demonstrated.
Fluorometric discrimination of tyrosine isomers based on the inner filter effect of chiral Au nanoparticles on MoS2 quantum dots
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Wu Datong , Yin Zheng-Zhi , Cai Wenrong , Zhou Haifeng , Kong Yong
Published: April 2021

A sensitive fluorescent chiral sensor is developed based on the inner filter effect of chiral Au nanoparticles on MoS2 quantum dots, which can be used for the discrimination of tyrosine isomers.
Analysis of antioxidants in Chrysanthemum indici flos by online gradient extraction and HPLC-FRAP
Authors: Fan Weifeng , Zhou Jianqiao , Wu Zi , Tan Guoying , Li Haoxiang , Mei Quanxi , Qian Zhengming
Published: April 2021

Analysis of antioxidants in Chrysanthemum indici flos by online gradient extraction and HPLC-FRAP.
Co-self-assembly of multiple DNA origami nanostructures in a single pot
Authors: Johnson Joshua A. , Kolliopoulos Vasiliki , Castro Carlos E.
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate co-self-assembly of two distinct DNA origami structures with a common scaffold strand through programmable bifurcation of folding pathways.
Lewis base-free thiophosphonium ion: a cationic sulfur atom transfer reagent
Authors: Löwe Pawel , Witteler Tim , Dielmann Fabian
Published: April 2021

A thiophosphonium ion was isolated in its free, monomeric form for the first time. The highly electrophilic species thionates carbonyl groups already at room temperature and undergoes phosphorus–chalcogen bond metathesis reactions with phosphine oxides, selenides and tellurides.
Brønsted acid catalyzed radical addition to quinone methides
Authors: Patel Shiv Shankar , Kumar Dileep , Tripathi Chandra Bhushan
Published: April 2021

A fundamental quest for alkyl radical generation under mild conditions through photoinduced Brønsted acid catalysis is addressed.
Palladium catalyzed divergent cycloadditions of vinylidenecyclopropane-diesters with methyleneindolinones enabled by zwitterionic π-propargyl palladium species
Authors: Niu Ben , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: April 2021

An in situ generated unprecedented zwitterionic π-propargyl palladium species in a switchable process between (3+2) and (4+2) cycloadditions can be achieved by changing the phosphine ligand.
2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium nitrate: intriguing crystal structure with high Z′/Z′′ and hydrogen bond numbers and Hirshfeld surface analysis of intermolecular interactions
Authors: Caimac Nicoleta , Melnic Elena , Chisca Diana , Fonari Marina S.
Published: April 2021

The title compound crystallises in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group P1̄ with an intriguing high number of crystallographically unique binary salt-like adducts (Z′ = 8) and a total number of ionic species (Z′′ = 16) in the asymmetric unit.
Electronic structure of the [Ni(Salen)] complex studied by core-level spectroscopies
Authors: Svirskiy Gleb I. , Generalov Alexander V. , Vinogradov Nikolay A. , Brykalova Xenia O. , Vereshchagin Anatoly V. , Levin Oleg V. , Lyalin Andrey G. , Preobrajenski Alexei B. , Vinogradov Alexander S.
Published: April 2021

The energy distribution and properties of empty and occupied electronic states of [Ni(Salen)] were investigated by means of VB PES, XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopies.
Superatomic and adsorption properties of Ni atom doped Au clusters
Authors: Liu Qiman , Fan Pei , Hu Yunhu , Wang Fengwu , Cheng Longjiu
Published: April 2021

One stable NiAu8 superatom with significant σ-holes and the infrared spectra of NiAu8–CO.
Effective N2 capture by aryl cations at ambient temperature and pressure
Authors: Xu Xia , Dai Jianxiong , Guo Xing , Qian Cheng , Zhang Pei , Duan Yixiang , Tian Yonghui
Published: April 2021

N2 molecules are effectively captured by arylium cations generated via plasma discharge of arlyhalides at ambient pressure and temperature, exclusively producing relatively stable aryldiazaonium in a well-defined ion–molecule association manner.
Emerging investigator series: municipal wastewater as a year-round point source of neonicotinoid insecticides that persist in an effluent-dominated stream
Authors: Webb Danielle T. , Zhi Hui , Kolpin Dana W. , Klaper Rebecca D. , Iwanowicz Luke R. , LeFevre Gregory H.
Published: April 2021

Municipal wastewater effluent is a significant year-round point source of neonicotinoids to a temperate-region wastewater effluent-dominated stream, leading to ecological exposure conditions of concern that persist downstream.
Visible light induced hydrophosphinylation of unactivated alkenes catalyzed by salicylaldehyde
Authors: Yuan Zeqin , Wang Simin , Li Miaomiao , Chen Tian , Fan Jiaye , Xiong Fuying , Li Qianggen , Hu Ping , Wang Bi-Qin , Cao Peng , Li Yang
Published: April 2021

Salicylaldehyde catalyzed hydrophosphinylation of unactivated alkenes is presented. The reaction is induced by visible light and is carried out in aqueous solution and under an air atmosphere.
Replacing halogenated solvents by a butyl acetate solution of bisphenol S in the transformations of indoles
Authors: Gao Feng , Ferlin Francesco , Bai Rongxian , Li Minghao , Vaccaro Luigi , Gu Yanlong
Published: April 2021

A polarity-enhanced mixture solvent containing BPS in BuOAc is capable of replacing hazardous halogenated solvents in the conversion of indoles.
Introducing the metacore concept for multi-target ligand design
Authors: Stumpfe Dagmar , Hoch Alexander , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: April 2021

Metacore hierarchy. Shown are two model series of structural analogs (bottom, right) from which series cores (central layer) are isolated that yield a metacore (top left layer).
A nano-biomimetic transformation system enables in planta expression of a reporter gene in mature plants and seeds
Authors: Izuegbunam Chinenye L. , Wijewantha Nisitha , Wone Beate , Ariyarathne Madhavi A. , Sereda Grigoriy , Wone Bernard W. M.
Published: April 2021

Nanohydroxyapatites (nHA) enable the delivery of a reporter gene in planta.
Precisely regulating the acidity of mesoporous silica on the catalytic performance of 1-decene oligomerization
Authors: Zhou Cunhui , Li Wenqian , Qiu Minghuang , Li Wanting , Liu Honglei , Liu Hongjiang , Zhang Kun , Chen Xinqing
Published: April 2021

Optimization of the acidity of Al-MCM-41 catalysts to improve the catalytic performance of 1-decene oligomerization.
Unexpected radical mechanism in a [4+1] cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Bors István , Purgel Mihály , Fehér Péter Pál , Varga Tamás , Speier Gábor , Korecz László , Kaizer József
Published: April 2021

The mechanism of the cheletropic reaction of monoimines with PPh3via unexpected radical intermediates resulting in oxazaphospholes has been discussed based on EPR, UV-vis and DFT calculations.
The π-donor/acceptor trans effect on NO release in ruthenium nitrosyl complexes: a computational insight
Authors: Orenha Renato Pereira , Morgon Nelson Henrique , Silva Graziele Cappato Guerra , Caramori Giovanni Finoto , Parreira Renato Luis Tame
Published: April 2021

The NO release using ruthenium tetraamine complexes was finally elucidated from DFT calculations, highlighting the influence of the acidic medium.
A novel fluorescent probe of aluminium ions based on rhodamine derivatives and its application in biological imaging
Authors: Kan Chun , Wang Xing , Shao Xiaotao , Wu Linyun , Qiu Siyan , Zhu Jing
Published: April 2021

A new type of probe can be used for the detection of Al3+ in biological cells.
Heteroleptic enantiopure Pd(ii)-complexes derived from halogen-substituted Schiff bases and 2-picolylamine: synthesis, experimental and computational characterization and investigation of the influence of chirality and halogen atoms on the anticancer activity
Authors: Kordestani Nazanin , Amiri Rudbari Hadi , Correia Isabel , Valente Andreia , Côrte-Real Leonor , Islam Mohammad Khairul , Micale Nicola , Braun Jason D. , Herbert David E. , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan , Enamullah Mohammed
Published: April 2021

To investigate the effect of chirality and different halogen substituents on the anticancer activity, seven enantiomeric pairs of palladium complexes were synthesized and characterized.
Novel two-dimensional ZnO2, CdO2 and HgO2 monolayers: a first-principles-based prediction
Authors: Faraji M. , Bafekry A. , Gogova D. , Hoat D. M. , Ghergherehchi M. , Chuong N. V. , Feghhi S. A. H.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the existence of monolayers with the chemical formula XO2, where X = Zn, Cd, and Hg with hexagonal and tetragonal lattice structures is theoretically predicted by means of first principles calculations.
Semi-analytical approach to transport gaps in polycrystalline graphene
Authors: Perera Delwin , Rohrer Jochen
Published: April 2021

We present a semi-analytical method to calculate strain-induced transport gap modulations in graphene polycrystals. Our method uses a physically intuitive picture of grain-to-grain transport via Dirac cones avoiding explicit transport calculations.
LEAFY protein crystals with a honeycomb structure as a platform for selective preparation of outstanding stable bio-hybrid materials
Authors: Chiari Lucile , Carpentier Philippe , Kieffer-Jaquinod Sylvie , Gogny Alice , Perard Julien , Ravanel Stéphane , Cobessi David , Ménage Stéphane , Dumas Renaud , Hamelin Olivier
Published: April 2021

Crystals of the LEAFY protein showing a regular honeycomb architecture were used as modular platform for the preparation of a highly robustness ruthenium-based bio-hybrid material which was fully characterized by spectroscopic means and LC-MS analysis.
Chlorine-doped Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 as an electrolyte for solid lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Shuyuan , Huang Zhongyuan , Xiao Yinguo , Sun Chunwen
Published: April 2021

Chlorine doping is an effective approach for improving performance of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) electrolyte. Compared with that of the LATP electrolyte, the lithium battery with LATP-0.4Cl exhibits good rate performance and cycling stability.
Continuous impinging in a two-stage micromixer for the homogeneous growth of monodispersed ultrasmall Ni–Co oxides on graphene flakes with enhanced supercapacitive performance
Authors: Zhao Junping , Wu Yechao , Chen Yihuang , Jin Huile , Pan Shuang , Zhao Shiqiang , Feng Xin , Wang Yahui , Zhang Qingcheng , Wang Shun
Published: April 2021

A two-stage microimpinging stream reactor (TS-MISR) strategy that combines a first homogeneous premixing stage with a subsequent microimpinging stream reacting stage has been constructed for the controllable synthesis of Ni–Co–O/RGO composites.
Photocatalytic transition-metal-free direct 3-alkylation of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles in dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Feng Zhiwen , Li Jing , Zhang Dandan , Li Wei , Jiang Yuqin , Yu Bing
Published: April 2021

A general transition-metal-free photocatalytic decarboxylative 3-alkylation reaction of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles was developed under visible-light irradiation under mild conditions.
Ligand substituent effect on the cytotoxicity activity of two new copper(ii) complexes bearing 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives: validated by MTT assay and apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cell line (human breast cancer)
Authors: Ali Arif , Banerjee Somesh , Kamaal Saima , Usman Mohammad , Das Neeladrisingha , Afzal Mohd , Alarifi Abdullah , Sepay Nayim , Roy Partha , Ahmad Musheer
Published: April 2021

The presence of –COOH functionality in a copper(ii) complex leads to higher cytotoxicity than that observed for a complex containing a –CN group.
Sesquiterpenoids of diverse types from the rhizomes ofAcorus calamus
Authors: Hao Zhi-You , Liu Yan-Fei , Cao Yan-Gang , Liang Dong , Luo Huan , Zhang Chun-Lei , Wang Yan , Chen Ruo-Yun , Yu De-Quan
Published: April 2021

Six new and fourteen known sesquiterpenoids of diverse types were isolated from the rhizomes ofAcorus calamus.
Hyperbranched polyamide modified graphene oxide-reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Liu Yahao , Zheng Jian , Zhang Xiao , Du Yongqiang , Yu Guibo , Li Ke , Jia Yunfei , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2021

We successfully modified graphene oxide with amino-terminated hyperbranched polyamide (HGO), and obtained a high-performance composite with enhanced strength and elongation at break via cross-linking hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene chains with HGO.
Insights into the structure of sunscreen lotions: a small-angle neutron scattering study
Authors: Mansour Omar T. , Venero Diego Alba
Published: April 2021

Sunscreen lotions and creams are arguably the most popular products used to protect the skin against harmful UV radiation.
Is natural fraxin an overlooked radical scavenger?
Authors: Nam Pham Cam , Thong Nguyen Minh , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Quang Duong Tuan , Hoang Loc Phuoc , Mechler Adam , Vo Quan V.
Published: April 2021

Fraxin (FX), a typical natural product of the coumarin family, may have multiple health benefits, but it is not an outstanding natural antioxidant.
Photoreduction properties of novel Z-scheme structured Sr0.8La0.2(Ti1−δ4+Tiδ3+)O3/Bi2MoO6 composites for the removal of Cr(vi)
Authors: Liu Bin , Fan Zhili , Zhai Wangjian , He Junfeng , Wang Shaofeng , Chen Fuming , Wang Yinzhen , Li Wei , Hou Xianhua , He Qinyu
Published: April 2021

Found an effective way to improve the lifetime and transfer of photogenerated carriers: extrinsic Ov-s in the higher-Fermi-level side of the heterojunction. Z-scheme mechanism and Ov-s have synergistic effect on improving photocatalytic performance.
Optimizing the energy storage properties of antiferroelectric ceramics by modulating the phase structureviaconstructing a novel binary composite
Authors: Ge Guanglong , Bai Hairui , Shi Yunjing , Shi Cheng , He Xia , He Jian , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei , Chou Xiujian
Published: April 2021

The introduction of AgNbO3adjusts the phase structure of the PLZS matrix. The energy storage properties are enhanced (∼11 J cm−3, ∼85%). The discharge current density (> 3200 A cm−2) and power density (> 550 MW cm−3) get promoted.
Unusual stoichiometry, band structure and band filling in conducting enantiopure radical cation salts of TM-BEDT-TTF showing helical packing of the donors
Authors: Pop Flavia , Mézière Cécile , Allain Magali , Auban-Senzier Pascale , Tajima Naoya , Hirobe Daichi , Yamamoto Hiroshi M. , Canadell Enric , Avarvari Narcis
Published: April 2021

Enantiopure semiconducting crystalline radical cation salts of TM-BEDT-TTF with the Lindqvist type molybdenum based dianion, prepared by electrocrystallization, show unusual donor/anion ratio, charge distribution and helical packing of the donors.
Evidence for SO2 latitudinal variations below the clouds of Venus
Authors: Marcq E. , Amine I. , Duquesnoy M. , Bézard B.
Published: April 2021

Context. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is highly variable above the clouds of Venus, yet no spatial or temporal variability below the clouds had been known until now.

Aims. In order to constrain Venus’s atmospheric circulation and chemistry (including possible volcanic outgassing), more accurate SO2 measurements below the clouds are therefore needed.

Methods. We used the high-resolution iSHELL spectrometer located at the NASA IRTF to record thermal night-side spectra, which we fitted using an updated forward radiative transfer model that was previously employed to process SpeX/IRTF and VIRTIS-H/Venus Express spectra.

Results. We report, for the first time, an increase in SO2 with increasing latitude (+30% between the minimum near 15°S and > 35°N). This is consistent with the interaction between the Hadley-cell circulation and a postulated vertical profile in SO2 estimated to increase between 30 and 40 km in altitude, as previously suggested by in situ ISAV measurements.

Conclusions. This SO2 variability challenges our current understanding of Venus’s tropospheric thermochemistry and underlines the high scientific return from high-resolution spectroscopy from, for example, future orbiters.
Acute foot and ankle injuries and time return to sport
Authors: Thevendran Gowreeson , Kadakia Anish R. , Giza Eric , Haverkamp Daniel , D’Hooghe Jonkheer Pieter , Veljkovic Andrea , Abdelatif Nasef Mohamed Nasef
Published: April 2021

Foot and ankle sports injuries encompass a wide spectrum of conditions from simple contusions or sprains that resolve within days to more severe injuries that change the trajectory of an athlete’s sporting career. If missed, severe injuries could lead to prolonged absence from the sport and therefore a catastrophic impact on future performance. In this article, we discuss the presentation of the commonest foot and ankle sports injuries and share recent evidence to support an accurate diagnosis and best management practice.
Nervenkompressionssyndrome der Hand
Authors: Verheggen Raphaela
Published: April 2021

Medianus, Ulnaris, Radialis: 3 Nerven versorgen die Hand sowohl motorisch als auch sensibel. Anhaltende Kompression in den anatomischen Engstellen führt zu entsprechenden Ausfällen. Lesen Sie, welche diagnostischen Möglichkeiten es gibt und wie sich diese Kompressionssyndrome in Symptomatik, Befund und Therapie unterscheiden.
Karpaltunnelsyndrom – ein Fall aus der Praxis
Authors: Neul Benjamin , Jensen Carina
Published: April 2021

Frau S. litt nach längerem Schreiben unter Schmerzen und Schwäche der Hand. Durch die andauernde Belastung hatte sich ein Karpaltunnelsyndrom gebildet. Eine veränderte Stifthaltung und die Stärkung des M. flexor pollicis longus schafften Abhilfe.
Immunsuppressiva von Zytostatika bis Kortison
Authors: Lang Eva
Published: April 2021

Bei Autoimmunerkrankungen kommen entsprechend der Ausprägung unterschiedliche hemmende Medikamente zur Anwendung, um eine irreversible Gewebeschädigung und unkontrollierte Immunreaktionen zu verhindern. Zu den gebräuchlichsten und im Artikel vorgestellten Immunsuppressiva zählen die Gruppen der Zytostatika, Kalzineurinhemmer, DMARD, Monoklonalen Antikörper und Glukokortikoide. Häufig wird eine fein justierte Wirkstoffkombination verordnet, was eine genaue Beobachtung von Nebenwirkungen sowie eine optimal dosierte Nährstoffsubstitution erfordert, insbesondere Folsäure, Zink, Selen, Vitamin D, Omega-3-Fettsäuren und B-Vitamine.
Darmgesundheit: Wichtiges Puzzleteil bei Heuschnupfen
Authors: Rössler Antje
Published: April 2021

Die Manifestation eines Heuschnupfens oder anderer Allergien lässt sich nicht allein über eine Erhöhung von lgE-Antikörpern erklären. Ätiologisch relevant ist die sogenannte Kausalitätstriade. Faktoren der Kausalitätstriade sind unter anderem eine immunologisch nicht abgearbeitete virale, bakterielle oder parasitäre Infektion, Allergene und ein Umweltreizstoff. Der Darmschleimhaut kommt bei der Regulation von überschießenden Immunreaktionen eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Deswegen ist es sinnvoll, sie bei der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Heuschnupfen und anderen Allergien zu berücksichtigen.
Irritative Kontaktdermatitis auf Minoxidil-Präparate bei Stimulation der Hautbarrierepenetration durch Okklusion
Authors: Zouboulis C. C.
Published: April 2021

Eine Patientin mit androgenetischer Alopezie (female pattern) wurde zunächst mit Minoxidil 2 %-Lösung behandelt, wobei sie innerhalb von 15 Tagen ein juckendes Kopfhauterythem entwickelte. Die Epikutantestung zeigte eine polyvalente Kontaktsensibilisierung, wobei sie auf die Bestandteile der Minoxidil-Präparate Propylenglycol, Butylhydroxytoluol (E321), Cetylalkohol und Stearylalkohol sowie auf die offene Epikutantestung auf Minoxidil 5 %- und 2 %-Lösung, Minoxidil 5 %-Schaum und Flupredniden 21-acetat/Östradiol-Lösung negativ war. Allerdings fiel eine protrahierte, 48-stündige Okklusion mit Minoxidil 5 %- und 2 %-Lösung positiv aus, während eine Reaktion auf Minoxidil 5 %-Schaum und Flupredniden 21-acetat/Östradiol-Lösung nicht beobachtet wurde. Der Lymphozyten-Transformations-Test auf Minoxidil war negativ. Eine Therapie mit Minoxidil 5 %-Schaum und Flupredniden 21-acetat/Östradiol-Lösung konnte für die Dauer von 15 Monaten fortgeführt werden, anschließend wurde die Therapie aufgrund einer erneuten lokalen Reaktion beendet.
A Detailed View on the Proanthocyanidins in Ginkgo Extract EGb 761
Authors: Kulić Žarko , Germer Stefan , Ritter Thomas , Röck Birgit , Elsäßer Jens , Schneider Heike
Published: April 2021

The Ginkgo extract EGb 761® manufactured with leaves of Ginkgo biloba has been continuously produced over decades at a large scale and is used as a clinically proven remedy for, among other things, the improvement of age-associated cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with mild dementia. It belongs to the class of extracts addressed as quantified extracts according to the European Pharmacopeia. Accordingly, several compounds (e.g., flavone glycosides and terpene trilactones) are acknowledged to contribute to its clinical efficacy. Covering only about 30% of the mass balance, these characterized compounds are accompanied by a larger fraction of additional compounds, which might also contribute to the clinical efficacy and safety of the extract. As part of our systematic research to fully characterize the constituents of Ginkgo extract EGb 761, we focus on the structural class of proanthocyanidins in the present study. Structural insights
into the proanthocyanidins present in EGb 761 and a quantitative method for their determination using HPLC are shown. The proanthocyanidins were found to be of oligomeric to polymeric structure, which yield delphinidin and cyanidin as main building blocks after acidic hydrolysis. A validated HPLC method for quantification of the anthocyanidins was developed in which delphinidin and cyanidin were detected after hydrolysis of the proanthocyanidins. The content of proanthocyanidins in Ginkgo extract EGb 761 was found to be approximately 7%.
A multicenter survey on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during the COVID-19 pandemic in northern and central Italy
Authors: Donato Giulio , Forti Edoardo , Mutignani Massimiliano , Laterra Maria Antonella , Arese Daniele , Coppola Franco , Zaccari Piera , Mariani Alberto , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Pigò Flavia , Conigliaro Rita , Costa Deborah , Tringali Alberto , Lavagna Alessandro , Rocca Rodolfo , Gabbiadini Roberto , Fugazza Alessandro , Repici Alessandro , Fava Giammarco , Marini Francesco , Mosca Piergiorgio , Urban Flavia , Monica Fabio , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Gabbrielli Armando , Blois Matteo , Binda Cecilia , Sbrancia Monica , Fabbri Carlo , Frego Roberto , Dinelli Marco , Imbesi Venerina , Gambitta Pietro , Balzarini Marco , Segato Sergio , Grazioli Leonardo Minelli , Spada Cristiano , Amato Arnaldo , Venezia Giovanna , Aragona Giovanni , Rosa Cesare , Alvisi Costanza , Devani Massimo , Manes Gianpiero , Dell’Amico Iginio , Gemme Carlo , Reati Raffaella , Auriemma Francesco , Mangiavillano Benedetto , Rodi Marcello , Bertani Helga , Mazzucco Dario , Armellini Elia , Cantù Paolo , Penagini Roberto , Occhipinti Pietro
Published: April 2021

Background and study aims COVID-19 has dramatically impacted endoscopy practice because upper endoscopy procedures can be aerosol-generating. Most elective procedures have been rescheduled. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is frequently performed in emergency or urgent settings in which rescheduling is not possible. We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ERCP in Italy during the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown, in areas with high incidence of COVID-19.

Patients and methods We performed a retrospective survey of centers performing ERCP in high COVID-19 prevalence areas in Italy to collect information regarding clinical data from patients undergoing ERCP, staff, case-volume and organization of endoscopy units from March 8, 2020 to April 30, 2020.

Results We collected data from 31 centers and 804 patients. All centers adopted a triage and/or screening protocol for SARS-CoV-2 and performed follow-up of patients 2 weeks after the procedure. ERCP case-volume was reduced by 44.1 % compared to the respective 2019 timeframe. Of the 804 patients undergoing ERCP, 22 (2.7 %) were positive for COVID-19. Adverse events occurred at a similar rate to previously published data. Of the patients, endoscopists, and nurses, 1.6 %, 11.7 %, and 4.9 %, respectively, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at follow up. Only 38.7 % of centers had access to a negative-pressure room for ERCP.

Conclusion The case-volume reduction for ERCP during lockdown was lower than for other gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. No definitive conclusions can be drawn about the percentage of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and healthcare workers observed after ERCP. Appropriate triage and screening of patients and adherence to society recommendations are paramount.
Evidenz von Trainingsempfehlungen für ein Hypertrophietraining
Authors: Gavanda Simon , Isenmann Eduard
Published: April 2021

Der Abbau der Skelettmuskulatur steigt mit zunehmendem Alter und wird in der heutigen Gesellschaft aufgrund geringerer körperlicher Aktivität zusätzlich beschleunigt. Die Skelettmuskulatur ist vor allem für die Übertragung von Kräften und somit für unsere alltäglichen Bewegungen verantwortlich. Mit der Reduzierung der Muskelmasse wird die Durchführung von Alltagsbewegungen kontinuierlich erschwert, und die Lebensqualität kann dadurch deutlich sinken. Mit Kraft- bzw. Hypertrophietraining kann jedoch einer Muskelatrophie entgegengewirkt werden, indem Abbauprozesse verlangsamt werden und die Skelettmuskulatur wieder aufgebaut wird. Trainingsempfehlungen für ein Hypertrophietraining variieren jedoch erheblich. Dieser Artikel soll vor allem den aktuellen Forschungstand zusammenfassen und praxisrelevante Empfehlungen aussprechen.

Der entscheidendste Aspekt beim Hypertrophietraining scheint lediglich das Setzen von regelmäßigen progressiven und erschöpfenden Belastungsreizen zu sein, die mindestens einen Wirkungsmechanismus aktivieren, der für hypertrophe Effekte verantwortlich ist. Vor allem die Variation der mechano-biologischen Deskriptoren (Trainingswiderstand, Anzahl Wiederholungen und Sätze, Pause etc.) könnte helfen, langfristig effektive Reize zu gestalten. Dabei kann nahezu auf unbegrenzte Kombinationsmöglichkeiten zurückgegriffen werden, welche jedoch dem Leistungsniveau und der Belastbarkeit der trainierenden Person sowie der Umsetzbarkeit im Alltag angepasst werden müssen. Nach dem Motto „viele Wege führen nach Rom“ gibt es dabei nicht nur eine konkrete Lösung bei der Planung und Durchführung eines Hypertrophietrainings. Es ist eher von essenzieller Bedeutung, dass kontinuierliche Belastungsreize in unterschiedlichen Variationen durchgeführt werden, um einen Hypertrophieeffekt zu erzeugen und folglich dem Abbau der Skelettmuskulatur entgegenzuwirken.
Factor XI as a Target for New Anticoagulants
Authors: Fredenburgh James C. , Weitz Jeffrey I.
Published: April 2021

Despite advances in anticoagulant therapy, thrombosis remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Heparin and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), the first anticoagulants to be used successfully for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis, are associated with a risk of bleeding. These agents target multiple coagulation factors. Thus, by activating antithrombin, heparin mainly inhibits factor Xa and thrombin, whereas VKAs lower the levels of the vitamin K–dependent clotting factors. Direct oral anticoagulants, which have replaced VKAs for many indications, inhibit only factor Xa or thrombin. Although the direct oral anticoagulants are associated with less bleeding than VKAs, bleeding remains their major side effect. Epidemiological and animal studies have identified factor XI as a target for potentially safer anticoagulant drugs because factor XI deficiency or inhibition protects against thrombosis and is associated with little or no bleeding. Several factor XI–directed strategies are currently under investigation. This article (1) reviews the rationale for the development of factor XI inhibitors, (2) identifies the agents in most advanced stages of development, (3) describes the results of completed clinical trials and provides a summary of those underway, and (4) highlights the opportunities and challenges for this next generation of anticoagulants.
Propulsive Force of Upper Limbs and its Relationship to Swim Velocity
in the Butterfly Stroke
Authors: Morais Jorge , Barbosa Tiago M. , Lopes Vitor P. , Marques Mario C , Marinho Daniel Almeida
Published: April 2021

The aims of this study were to: (1) verify the sex effect; (2) assess upper
limb asymmetry in anthropometrics and propulsive force variables; and (3)
identify the main determinants of butterfly swim velocity based on a set of
anthropometrics, kinematics, and propulsive force variables. Twenty swimmers
(10 males: 15.40±0.30 years; 10 females: 14.43±0.23 years)
at the national level were recruited for analysis. A set of anthropometrics,
kinematics, and propulsive force variables were measured. Overall, a
significant sex effect was verified (p≤0.05). Non-significant
differences between upper-limbs were noted for males and females in all
variables, except for the dF in males (t=−2.66,
p=0.026, d=0.66). Stroke frequency presented the highest
contribution, where a one unit increase in the stroke frequency imposed an
increase of 0.375 m·s-1 (95CI: 0.105;0.645, p=0.010)
in the swim velocity. The swim velocity was predicted by the mean propulsive
force, intra-cyclic variation of the swim velocity, and stroke frequency.
Overall, swimmers exhibit non-significant differences in the variables
assessed. Swim velocity in the butterfly stroke was determined by an
interaction of propulsive force and kinematic variables in young
swimmers.
Anticoagulation in Critically Ill Adults during Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Buchtele Nina , Staudinger Thomas , Schäfer Anne-Kristin , Bögl Magdalena Sophie , Schoergenhofer Christian , Schwameis Michael
Published: April 2021

Extracorporeal circuits including renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and ventricular assist devices are increasingly used in critically ill patients. The need for anticoagulation to provide circuit patency and avoid thrombosis remains a challenging task for treating physicians. In the presence of overall low scientific evidence concerning the optimal anticoagulants, monitoring tests, and therapeutic target ranges, recommendations are largely expert opinions and most centers use individual “in-house” anticoagulation protocols. This review gives a practical view on current concepts of anticoagulation strategies in patients with extracorporeal assist devices.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using an oroenteric catheter-assisted technique: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Nguyen Nam Q. , Hamerski Christopher M. , Nett Andrew , Watson Rabindra R. , Rigopoulos Morgan , Binmoeller Kenneth F.
Published: April 2021

Background This study evaluated an oroenteric catheter (OEC)-assisted technique to distend the enteric loop for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) in patients with gastric outlet obstruction (GOO).

Methods Patient outcomes were reviewed. Proximal enteric loops were filled with water via an OEC (7 Fr or 8 Fr), providing a target for EUS-GE using a lumen-apposing metal stent (15-mm caliber). Clinical success was defined as toleration of a non-liquid diet by Day 3.

Results 42 patients (mean age 73.1 [SEM 2.8] years; 23 male) underwent EUS-GE for malignant (n = 37) and benign (n = 5) duodenal strictures. EUS-GE creation was successful in 41/42 (98 %), with mean procedure time of 36 (SEM 3) minutes and no serious complications. Clinical success was achieved in 39/42 (93 %) at 5.7 (SEM 2.6) months’ follow-up. Of 14 patients who died, 13 (93 %) maintained oral intake until death. EUS-GE provided good symptom relief in all 28 surviving patients until follow-up.

Conclusions OEC-assisted EUS-GE provided satisfactory relief of GOO symptoms, with high technical success (98 %) and no serious complications.
Management of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Acute Leukemias
Authors: ten Cate Hugo , Leader Avi
Published: April 2021

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is characterized by the intravascular activation of coagulation with loss of localization arising from different causes, and is diagnosed using scoring systems which rely upon the presence of an underlying disorder compatible with DIC alongside hemostatic derangements such as low platelet count, prolonged prothrombin time, and elevated fibrinogen degradation products. DIC is common in patients with acute leukemia, with prevalence ranging from 17 to 100% in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and 8.5 to 25% in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The pathophysiology is complex and varies between the leukemia subtypes, and is not fully reflected by the laboratory markers currently used to classify DIC. Similarly, the clinical consequence of DIC in acute leukemia also varies across the types of leukemia. DIC is primarily associated with bleeding in APL, while thrombosis is the dominant phenotype in ALL and non-APL AML. The cornerstone of managing DIC is the treatment of the underlying disease, as exemplified by the important role of early administration of all-trans retinoic acid in APL. Other aspects of management focus on supportive care aimed at minimizing the risk of bleeding, via transfusion of blood products. The use of blood products is more liberal in APL, due to the hemorrhagic phenotype and unacceptably high rates of early hemorrhagic death. This review will focus on the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical implications, and the management of DIC in patients across the spectrum of acute leukemias.
Early double-guidewire versus repeated single-guidewire technique to facilitate selective bile duct cannulation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Laquière Arthur , Privat Jocelyn , Jacques Jeremie , Legros Romain , Urena-Campos Romina , Belkhodja Hichem , Subtil Clément , Kanafi Leïla , Lecomte Laurence , Boustière Christian , Katsogiannou Maria , Karsenti David
Published: April 2021

Background During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), access to the common bile duct (CBD) can be problematic after unintentional insertion of the guidewire into the pancreatic duct. We conducted a prospective, randomized study in order to compare biliary cannulation success rates of early double-guidewire (EDG) and repeated single-guidewire (RSG) techniques in patients with inadvertent passage of the guidewire into the pancreatic duct.

Methods Patients with a native papilla were randomly assigned to either the EDG or RSG groups after unintentional insertion of the guidewire into the pancreatic duct. The primary outcome was successful selective CBD cannulation within 10 minutes. The secondary outcomes were successful final selective bile duct cannulation, time to bile duct cannulation, and frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).

Results 142 patients were randomized and selective bile duct cannulation was achieved in 57/68 patients (84 %) in the EDG group and in 37/74 patients (50 %) in the RSG group within 10 minutes (relative risk 1.34; 95 % confidence interval 1.08–6.18; P < 0.001). The overall final selective bile duct cannulation rate was 99.3 %. The time to access the CBD was shorter using the EDG technique (6.0 vs. 10.4 minutes; P = 0.002). Mild PEP was not observed more frequently in the EDG group than in the RSG group.

Conclusion The EDG technique significantly increased the success rate of biliary duct cannulation within 10 minutes compared with an RSG approach.