bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentração de mercúrio total em enlatados de Sardinella spp. e Thunnus spp. comercializados na região metropolitana de Belém-Pará, Brasil
Authors: CASTRO DE SOUZA ANDREIA POLLIANA , Costa Lorena Souza , Baltazar de Oliveira Cláudia Simone
Published: April 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os níveis de mercúrio presente em enlatados de Sardinella spp. e Thunnus spp. As amostras foram obtidas em dois estabelecimentos comerciais onde foram adquiridas vinte amostras, dez exemplares de cada espécie, distribuídas entre as duas marcas comerciais. As análises toxicológicas de mercúrio total foram realizadas no laboratório de Toxicologia Humana e Ambiental do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Pará através da espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, utilizando o aparelho Mercury Analyzer SP-3D da Nippon Corporation. Os resultados demonstram uma média de 0,24 μg/g de mercúrio para as amostras de Thunnus spp e 0,06 μg/g para Sardinella spp. Apesar das concentrações médias estarem dentro do limite permitido pelas legislações vigentes, estudos para mapeamento do pescado devem sempre estar sendo realizados devido as diversas disposições do mercúrio no meio ambiente tendo os peixes como principal fonte de contaminação para o homem.
A collaboration platform for sociology. How to increase accessibility, visibility and sustainability of scientific information in sociology
Authors: Schaible Johann , Strunk Sonja , Brodesser David
Published: April 2018

Web-based information and communication systems extend access for scientific communities to information such as publications or research data and provide the opportunity to collaborate with other scientists. Our comment gives a short sketch of the Information Service Sociology (short: FID Sociology), in which we aim at designing and developing such an information and communication infrastructure within the field of Sociology. To this end, it comprises (i) an approach for simplified publishing of open access publications, (ii) an integrated search across multiple sociological databases, and (iii) a collaboration platform to facilitate interaction and collaborations between members of the sociological community. Here, we mainly focus on the individual steps of the development of the collaboration platform.
A generalized discrete fractional Gronwall inequality and its application on the uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear delay fractional difference system
Authors: Alzabut Jehad , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we state and prove a new discrete fractional version of the
generalized Gronwall inequality. Based on this, a particular version
expressed by means of discrete Mittag-Leer functions is provided. As an
application, we prove the uniqueness and obtain an estimate for the
solutions of nonlinear delay Caputo fractional difference system. Numerical
example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the main results.
Motivation and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals in urban and rural areas in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia
Authors: Grujicic Maja , Jovicic-Bata Jelena , Novakovic Budimka
Published: April 2018

Introduction. ?otivation and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals
represent the basis for providing quality health care. The aim of the study
was to establish whether ther? is a difference in motivation and job
satisfaction among healthcare professionals in urban and rural areas in
Vojvodina, Serbia. Material and Methods. The study included 574 healthcare
professionals in urban area, and 145 in rural setting, from three health
centers. Data collection was performed by a self-administered questionnaire.
Results. Urban healthcare professionals, compared to rural healthcare
workers, were significantly more motivated by the factor of work motivation
- achieving the goals of the health center. In comparison with rural
healthcare professionals, urban healthcare workers are significantly more
satisfied with personal qualities of their immediate supervisors, job
security guaranteed by their institution, immediate support at work they
received from managers, and professional supervision of their work.
Conclusion. Compared to rural healthcare professionals, urban healthcare
workers are more work motivated and job satisfied.
E-ŞİKÂYETLER TURİST REHBERLERİ HAKKINDA NE SÖYLÜYOR?
Authors: Avcı Eda , Doğan Seden
Published: April 2018

İşletme ile tüketici
arasında bir köprü görevi gören rehberlerin iletişim becerisi, tur esnasındaki
davranışları ve bilgisini doğru ve etkili şekilde aktarabilmesi tura katılan
turistlerin memnuniyetini direkt olarak etkilemektedir. Öte yandan günümüzde
internet ve sosyal medya platformlarının kullanımının yaygınlaşmasıyla beraber
pek çok tüketici, satın aldıkları mal ve hizmetlerle ilgili
memnuniyetsizliklerini şikâyet siteleri üzerinden belirtmeyi tercih etmektedir.
Ana amacı tur operatörlerinden hizmet satın alan tüketicilerin, turist
rehberlerine yönelik e-şikâyetlerinin incelenmesi olan bu araştırma, bir
problemi derinlemesine araştıran keşifsel bir araştırmadır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda, www.sikayetvar.com adresinden elde edilen, 2986 adet e-şikâyet
metni doküman inceleme yöntemi ile incelenmek üzere araştırmaya dâhil
edilmiştir. E-şikâyet metinlerinin tek tek incelenmesi sonucunda, araştırmanın
ana problemine ilişkin veriyi oluşturan, turist rehberlerine yönelik 225 adet
e-şikâyetin var olduğu bulgulanmıştır. İçerik analiz ile çözümlenen metinler,
açık kodlama yöntemi kullanılarak kategorilere ayrılmış ve kategoriler, kendi
aralarında ilişkilendirilmek üzere mikro analize tabi tutulmuştur. Mikro analiz
kapsamında şikâyet metinlerinde yer alan sözcükler tek tek incelenmiş, yapılan
inceleme sonucunda turist rehberlerine yönelik e şikâyetler, 5 tema altında
toplanmıştır.
YERLEŞİK YABANCILARIN TURİZME ETKİLERİ: MARMARİS İLÇESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Özgürel Gizem , Avcıkurt Cevdet
Published: April 2018

Günümüzde yaşanan
sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, siyasal gelişme ve değişmeler hem ulusal, hem de
küresel ölçekte göç hareketlerine yön vermektedir. Türkiye açısından özellikle
son yıllarda ülkenin sayfiye yerlerine yerleşme amacıyla gelen yabancı
sayılarındaki artış Muğla İli Marmaris İlçesi’nde de etkisini göstermektedir.
Literatürde “yerleşik yabancı” olarak ifade edilen; T.C. vatandaşı olmayan,
hayatının belli bir döneminde Türkiye’de ev alarak ya da kiralayarak yerleşen
ve yılın büyük bir bölümünü Türkiye’de geçiren bireylerin Marmaris turizmine
yönelik etkilerini belirlemek çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış, gereksinim duyulan veriler,
Muğla İli Marmaris İlçesi’nde yaşayan yerleşik yabancılarla derinlemesine
görüşme yapılarak, yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığıyla elde
edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yerleşik yabancıların; %81,48’i beş
yıldan fazla süredir Marmaris ilçesinde yaşamakta, tamamı yöreye gelen
turistlerle etkileşim içerisine girmekte ve %96,3’ü yurtdışındaki tanıdıklarına
Marmaris’i önermektedir.
TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ YÖNETİCİLERİNİN ALDIKLARI LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİME YÖNELİK ALGILARI
Authors: İçigen Ebru , Çalışkan Osman , Seyitoğlu Faruk
Published: April 2018

Araştırmanın amacı tezsiz yüksek lisans yapan
turizm sektörü yöneticilerinin aldıkları eğitime yönelik algılarının
belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın verileri Turizm İşletmeciliği Tezsiz Yüksek
Lisans eğitimi alan turizm sektör yöneticileri ile yapılan bireysel ve odak
grup görüşmeleri sonucu elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularında alınan eğitime
yönelik algı, alınan eğitimden beklenti ve memnuniyet, alınan eğitimin
katkıları, yüksek lisans eğitiminin gerekliliği, alınan eğitimin
sosyo-psikolojik yönü, akademi-sektör etkileşimi ve eleştiri ve öneriler olmak
üzere yedi tema yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın öne çıkan bulguları katılımcıların
aldıkları eğitime yönelik algılarının olumlu olması ve akademi-sektör
etkileşiminin gerekliliği şeklindedir. Son olarak bulgular ışığında sektördeki
işverenlere, eğitim kurumlarına ve sektör çalışanlarına yönelik öneriler
verilmiştir.
Sosyal Medyanın Turistik Deneyim Üzerindeki Etkisini Belirlemede Sosyal Medya Kullanma Yoğunluğunun Aracı Rolü
Authors: İlban Mehmet Oğuzhan , Güleç Emin
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı
sosyal medya kullanma yoğunluğunun, sosyal medya kullanımı ve bu kullanımdan
edinilen doyumlar ile turistik deneyim arasındaki etkileşimde aracı rolü olup
olmadığının ortaya çıkartılmasıdır. Bu amaçla, 
Edremit Körfezi’ni ziyaret eden 389 yerli turist üzerinde kolayda
örneklem yoluyla bir anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Bu örneklem grubundan
toplanan veriler analiz edilmiş ve sonuç olarak, turistleri sosyal medya
kullanmaya teşvik eden motivasyonların, sosyal medya kullanma yoğunluğu
üzerinden turistik deneyimi etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Holidaycheck Web Sitesindeki Turist Değerlendirmelerine Göre Antalya ve Barselona’daki 4 ve 5 Yıldızlı Oteller Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma
Authors: Güngör Ozan , Yücel Güngör Mehtap , Doğan Seden
Published: April 2018

Turizm endüstrisinde
sunulan ürünün soyut özelliğe sahip olması nedeniyle gerçek tüketicilerin
deneyimlerini paylaştıkları çevrimiçi yorum sitelerindeki yorumlar ve
değerlendirmeler en önemli bilgi kaynağı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Araştırmada Almanca dilini konuşan turistlerin ağırlıklı olarak kullandığı
Holidaycheck web sitesinde yer alan değerlendirmelere göre Barselona ve Antalya’daki
4 ve 5 yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Doküman analizi ile toplanan veriler SPSS 20.0 paket programına yüklenmiş ve
araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak kurulan hipotezler, parametrik olmayan
yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, turistlerin Barselona’daki
konaklama işletmelerinin personelinin sunduğu hizmetten daha memnunken,
Antalya’da faaliyet gösteren konaklama işletmelerinin sunduğu spor ve eğlence
hizmetlerinden daha memnun olduğunu göstermiştir.
Konaklama İşletmelerinde Talep Tahmin Yöntemleri: Yapay Sinir Ağları İle İlgili Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ulucan Ebru , Kızılırmak İsmail
Published: April 2018

Günümüzde birçok
sektörde olduğu gibi turizm sektöründe de en doğru stratejileri belirlemek için
önemli olan talep tahminleme, hem nitel hem de nicel birçok farklı yöntemle
yapılmaktadır. Son dönemlerde bu yöntemlere alternatif olarak geliştirilen
yapay sinir ağları modelleri, en düşük hata yüzdesi ile gerçeğe en yakın tahmin
değerlerini vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, konaklama işletmelerinin talep
tahminleme yaparken yapay sinir ağları modellerini alternatif bir yöntem olarak
kullanabileceklerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, İstanbul’daki beş
yıldızlı bir otelin 2013-2016 yılları arasında satılan oda sayıları
kullanılarak testler yapılmış ve yapay sinir ağı modeli ile elde edilen
verilerin gerçek değerlere en yakın sonuçları verdiği görülmüştür. Bunun
üzerine 2017-2018 yılları için satılan oda sayılarına yönelik tahminlemeler
yapılmıştır.
Konaklama İşletmelerinin Yeşil Yıldız Uygulamaları Kapsamında Çevreye Duyarlılığının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Ertaş Mehmet , Kırlar Can Burçin , Yeşilyurt Hülya , Koçak Nilüfer
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
yeşil yıldız belgeli konaklama işletmelerinin çevreye duyarlılığını web
siteleri üzerinden inceleyerek bu uygulamalardan hangilerine daha fazla vurgu
yaptıklarını belirlemektir. Yeşil yıldız belgeli 309 konaklama işletmesi
araştırmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Kültür ve Turizm
Bakanlığı’nın belirlediği çevreye duyarlılık kriterleri temel alınmıştır. Veri
toplama yöntemi olarak doküman incelemesi kullanılırken, verilerin analizinde
içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi
sonucunda yedi temel ve 12 alt kategori elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda,
konaklama işletmelerinin büyük çoğunluğunun yeşil yıldız belgesi ve çevre
yönetimi ile ilgili uygulamaları hakkında bilgi vermediği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Yeşil yıldızlı konaklama işletmeleri web sitelerinde en çok çevreyle ilgili
sahip oldukları ödül ve sertifikalara yer vermektedir. Çevre politikası,
atıkların değerlendirilmesi, personel ve misafir eğitimi ile enerji tasarrufu
en fazla üzerinde durulan diğer konular arasındadır.
Staj Yapan Öğrencilere Yönelik Cinsel Taciz: Otel İşletmeleri Örneği
Authors: Unur Kamil , Şanlı S. Ceylin
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, turizm işletmelerinde mevsimlik olarak çalışan ya da staj yapan
öğrencilerin çalıştıkları süre içinde misafirler tarafından gördükleri uygunsuz
davranışların düzeyini ve eğer karşılaşıldıysa bu durumdan duyulan rahatsızlık
derecesini belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda Mersin Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesinde
öğrenim gören Turizm İşletmeciliği Bölümü öğrencilerine anket uygulanmıştır.
168 kullanılabilir anket üzerinden veriler analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları
misafirlerden staj yapan ya da mevsimlik olarak çalışan öğrencilere yönelik bir
cinsel tacizin yaşandığı, ancak bunun boyutlarının çok ciddi olmadığını
göstermektedir. Ayrıca erkek stajyer ya da mevsimlik olarak çalışan öğrencilerin,
kadın öğrencilere oranla daha fazla cinsel tacize uğradıkları çalışmanın ilginç
sonuçlarından biridir. Bir başka sonuç ise, konaklama işletmelerinde staj yapan
ya da mevsimlik olarak çalışan öğrencilerin misafirlerin cinsel tacizlerinden
ciddi oranda rahatsızlık duymamalarıdır.   
KOBİ Kapsamındaki Konaklama İşletmelerinde (Belediye Belgeli ve 1, 2, 3 Yıldızlı Konaklama İşletmeleri) Kuramsal Çevrimiçi Müşteri Memnuniyeti: Ortaca Hürpedal Festivali Örneği
Authors: Akbulut Onur , Ekin Yakın
Published: April 2018

Turizm sektöründeki
işletmeler için bilgi çağının gerekliliklerine ayak uydurmak hayati bir öneme
sahiptir. Bu araştırmanın amacı KOBİ kapsamındaki konaklama işletmelerinde
çevrimiçi rezervasyon ve yorum ağları aracılığıyla konaklayan yerli
müşterilerin memnuniyetinin ölçülmesidir. Bu amaçla kontrol değişkenini sabit
tutmak ve örneklem alma amacıyla 11-14 Mayıs 2017 tarihlerinde düzenlenen 2.
Hürpedal Ortaca Bisiklet Festivali’nde Sarıgerme’de yer alan 18 konaklama
işletmesinde konaklayan katılımcılar araştırma evreni olarak belirlenmiştir.
Elde edilen 227 anket LISREL programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapısal
Eşitlik Modellemesi ile elektronik ağızdan ağza iletişim (electronic word of
mouth-E-WOM), konaklama işletmesinin hizmet kalitesi, müşteri memnuniyeti ve
elektronik müşteri sadakati değişkenlerinden oluşan model test edilmiştir.
Yapılan analizler sonucunda elektronik ağızdan ağza iletişim ile müşteri
memnuniyeti algıları arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca tesis
çalışanlarının sunduğu hizmet kalitesi ve müşteri memnuniyeti algıları arasında
olumlu bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Memnuniyet algıları ve müşteri sadakati
algıları da aralarında pozitif ilişki görülen diğer konulardır.
Kapadokya’yı Ziyaret Eden Yabancı Turistlerin Yiyeceklere Karşı Çeşitlilik Arayışlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Derinalp Çanakçı Seda , Birdir Kemal
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
Kapadokya’yı ziyaret eden yabancı turistlerin yiyeceklere karşı çeşitlilik
arayışlarını belirlemek ve yabancı turistlerin çeşitlilik arayışı eğilimlerinin
demografik özelliklerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya
koymaktır. Anket, Ağustos - Ekim 2015 tarihleri arasında, Kapadokya’yı ziyaret
edip, Kayseri Erkilet Havalimanı’ndan ayrılan turistler üzerinde uygulanmıştır.
Anketlerin uygulanmasında, bırak ve topla yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya
katılan yabancı turistlerin yiyeceklere karşı çeşitlilik arayışlarının iki
boyutta toplandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar; “merak” ve “deneyim” boyutları
olarak adlandırılmışlardır. Çeşitlilik arayışları boyutları ile “yaş grupları”
arasında yapılan varyans analizi sonucu, “merak” ve “deneyim” boyutlarının
turistlerin “yaş gruplarına” göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Ayrıca, “deneyim” boyutunun turistlerin “çalışma durumlarına” ve “eğitim
durumlarına” göre de anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Effectiveness of health technology electronic prescribing: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Study
Authors: Eslami Saeed , Dehghan Hamidreza , Namayandeh Mahdieh , Dehghani Arezo , Hajian Dashtaki Saeed , Gholampour Vahid , Ghasemian Smanneh , Zare Atefeh , Rahimi Masomeh , Barzegar Abbas
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCTION: There is increasing evidence that electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) can improve the quality and safety of healthcare services. However, it has also become clear that this implementation is not straightforward and may create unintended or undesired consequences once in use. In this context, the systematic review can provide us with a general overview of the results of the studies and can help us find the truth. This review will aim to identify, appraise and synthesise clinical trial studies on ePrescribing in hospital settings.METHODS AND ANALYSIS:  Data sources will include the following  databases: pubmed, scopus and cochrane library. In addition, other sources will be searched for ongoing studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) and grey literature. Studies will be independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers and data extraction is done by 2 people. Articles are evaluated on the basis of the quality criteria of JADAD. The data is analyzed by the STATA software.DISSEMINATION: The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. Policy makers and healthcare decision-makers can use these results.
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Different Levels of Severity
Authors: Samadi Katayoun , Kharabian Shahram , Abedini Atefeh , Mohammadi Foroogh , Adeli Azam , Jafarigahraz Niloofar , Sharif Kashani Babak
Published: April 2018

Background: Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass with attendant loss of muscle strength and physical function and is associated with advancing age. Inflammatory condition of chronic disease leads to more rapid progression of this syndrome, which may adversely affect quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sarcopenia.Methods: This study included 108 COPD patients who were treated in the pulmonary clinic at Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Patients were categorized into three groups based on Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. Sarcopenic parameters including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were measured by Bioimpedance Analysis, hand grip dynamometer, and the Short Physical Performance Battery test, respectively. According to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People cutoff points and the definition of sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenic patients were diagnosed and categorized based on different COPD severity scores.Results: The relationship between sarcopenia and COPD grading, which was assessed using multiple regression models with adjustment of confounding factors, including age, chronic diseases, and smoking, was statistically insignificant. However, by using forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity in this model, the results were significant (P = 0.026). A positive linear correlation was observed between skeletal muscle index (SMI) and spirometric data, which was assessed by Spearman’s correlation test. By exploring the association between sarcopenia and obesity with the one-way analysis of variance test, sarcopenic patients represented to have the minimal spirometric measures. However, this difference was only significant for actual measurements.Conclusion: This study showed that sarcopenic COPD patients had smaller spirometric measurements and that sarcopenia and magnitude of SMI were positively correlated with obstruction severity.
Difficult airway management with a King Vision Video Laryngoscope in an anticipated patient and an unexpected patient: two scenarios, one device
Authors: Martinez-Hurtado Eugenio , Sanchez-Merchante Miriam , Ripolles-Melchor Javier
Published: April 2018

Background: The King Vision Video Laryngoscope is a relatively new device that has been incorporated in our daily surgical practice, intensive care unit, and remote areas. It has become one of the main alternatives to the rescue of a failed intubation, a tool to manage patients with difficult intubation predictors, and the first choice in ventilate and not-intubate situations.Case Presentation: In this case report, we present the management of two difficult airway cases: one in an induced patient and the other in an anticipated patient, according to the Canadian Airway Focus Group difficult airway recommendations.Conclusion: The King Vision Video Laryngoscope is effective in most adult patients and can be used with a mouth opening of at least 13 mm. Even is an effective dispositive, it has yet to show results in the management both conventional airway both difficult airway in routine clinical practice.
Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B in Patients with Lupus Nephritis and Glomerulopathy Referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Najafi Farzaneh , Baghbanian Mahmood , Danaii Zahra
Published: April 2018

Background: The conventional method for testing Hepatitis B (HBsAg) can be not detected  occult Hepatitis B in patients. No diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients with lupus nephritis and glomerulopathy treated with Immunosuppressive drugs, can be clear Hepatitis B. Also, due to the possible role of occult Hepatitis B in the lack of a complete response to treatment and continue proteinuria Assess the prevalence of occult Hepatitis B in these patients is important.in this study we decided to the survey Prevalence of occult hepatitis B in patients with lupus nephritis and glomerulopathy referred to SHAHID SADOUGHI Hospital in Yazd.Methods: This study was a descriptive-cross sectional study. A total of 112 patients with lupus nephritis and glomerulopathy referred to internal department, nephrology and rheumatology clinic of SHAHID SADOUGHI Hospital in five-year period studied. HBsAg, HBsAb was measured in patients and those with HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative HBV-DNA was measured. Demographic was collected in the questionnaire that already provided. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 20, using statistical tests were analyzed.Result: The results showed that the mean age of participants was 40.84 ± 15.11 years. From 112 patients participated in the study,49 patients (43.8%) were men and63 patients (56.2%) were female. Also from 112 patients,97 patients (86.6%) had primary glomerulopathy and 15 patients (13.4%) had lupus nephritis. The prevalence of occult hepatitis B was 3.0% in patients with primary glomerulopathy and 13.3% in lupus nephritis patients. There was a significant relationship between the frequency of HBc-Ab and the mean age of patients with type of disease (P-value <0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of occult hepatitis B in patients with lupus nephritis was greater than the prevalence in pateints with gleumeronephritis.
Self-assessment of clinical competence on sexual health by Iranian medical interns: a framework for curriculum revision
Authors: Abachizadeh Kambiz , Etesam Fatemeh , Shekarriz-Foumani Reza , Keramatinia Aliasghar
Published: April 2018

Background: The sexual medicine education in medical faculties has been a challenging issue worldwide in recent decades. Most of medical students are dissatisfied for their sexual health education which indicates an emergent need for curriculum revision. The nobility of the study was to reveal medical students' competency gaps on sexual medicine.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a large, public medical school, topped the national ranking for its excellence in education. The target population was medical interns in their 6th and 7th year of their course. With a census sampling approach, all eligible students were included. To develop the questionnaire, the framework of ESSM (European Society for Sexual Medicine) syllabus of sexual medicine 2012 was employed after being examined by an expert panel to meet the criteria of content coverage. Recruiting 10 participants, a pilot was conducted to assess the criterions of validity and reliability. Finally a 35 item questionnaire was developed including three domains; "male sexual problems", "female sexual problems" and "common to both sexes sexual problems” with 17, 9, and 9 items, respectively. Students were asked to answer each item in a five-level Likert scale. The total score was standardized to convert scores to a range of 0-100 making it easy to interpret. In addition, a single question on the general competency was asked. Analytical statistics were used appropriate to data type and distribution (t test, one-way ANOVA). Study protocol was approved by research executive and ethics board of the institution.Results: 152 of 260 eligible students participated, with mean age of 25.0 (SD=2.3), of whom 54% were females. The standardized total competency score was 22.3 (95% CI: 20.4-24.2). Regarding to not only total but also different domains scores, there was no significant difference in different grades (PV>0.05). The female students' competency was significantly higher in the domain of "female sexual problems" and "common sexual problems, but not in the domain of "male sexual problems". None of the interns believed that they are competent enough to manage patients with sexual problems by themselves.Conclusions: We magnificently attained that medical students' clinical competency on sexual medicine is poor. Medical education system of Iran would not be able to deal with this challenge unless it provides with a comprehensive curriculum revision.
Hepatitis and Meningoencephalitis due to Enterovirus in a Toddler
Authors: Qizalbash Mohammad Ali Raza , Zahra Rida , Adil Mithwani Adnan , Adil Mithwani Anwar , Adil Mithwani Muaaz
Published: April 2018

Background: Acute hepatitis caused by viral organisms which are typically implicated in the cases of encephalitis are rarely reported in literature. The presentation of enteroviral meningoencephalitis predominated with the clinical picture of hepatitis has rarely been recorded in populations other than neonates. Case Presentation: A male 2-year-old, presenting with a fever of 38 to 40 °C with chills and rigors, lethargy and drowsiness for 6 days. Along with the nausea, vomiting and watery diarrhea, he developed mouth ulcers (peri-oral vesicles) during the stay at the hospital. After extensive workup he was later diagnosed with meningoencephalitis and acute hepatitis due to Coxsackie virus A. After a stay of more than a month he was successfully treated and discharge. Conclusion: A more thorough evaluation should be carried out for atypical viral infections presenting with clinical presentation of hepatitis and meningoencephalitis.
Association Between Intraventricular Conduction Disorders and Intrahospital Prognosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Latif Mehdi , Salehi Mohammad , Janfada Nazanin , Foroutan Leila , Ashrafi MohammadMoein
Published: April 2018

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common heart diseases. Interventricular conduction disorders are complications of acute myocardial infarctions and have different types, such as left and right bundle branch blocks and left anterior and posterior hemiblocks. The prognosis of this disease can affect therapeutic methods, duration of hospitalization, and timely intervention decisions. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relationship between interventricular conduction disorders and the prognosis of patients with ACS.Methods: Using the convenience sampling method, this analytical case-control study was conducted on 140 patients with ACS (61 patients in the case group and 79 patients in the control group) who were treated from March to August 2013. The underlying variables of the risk factors for ACS were evaluated, along with prognostic evaluation factors, in two groups: a case group (patients with interventricular conduction disorders) and a control group (patients without interventricular conduction disorders). Data were analyzed with SPSS v. 17 software using the chi-squared test, the analysis of variance test, Student’s t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of patients was 64.1 ± 5.8 years in the case group and 62.9 ± 8.8 years in the control group. No significant relationship was observed between ACS risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, and smoking, and the prognosis of patients with ACS. The mean ejection fraction was 39.7 in the case group and 45.1 in the control group, so a significant relationship existed between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, systolic heart failure was more common in the case group than in the control group.Conclusion: We found that the presence of auscultation (rales sound) and shortness of breath on the first day of hospital admission in the case group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the ejection fraction in the case group was lower than in the control group, and the frequency of mitral regurgitation in the case group was higher than in the control group. These factors can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with ACS. Finally, we found that interventricular conduction disorders weakened the prognosis of patients with ACS.
Factors and Prevalence of Depression in Students at Iran’s Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Khalkhali Hamid Reza , Gharaaghaji Rasool , Ghelichi Ghojogh Mousa , Valizadeh Rohollah
Published: April 2018

Background: Depression is characterized by decreased tendency to work, reduced pleasure from work, increased or decreased weight, increased or decreased appetite, insomnia or narcolepsy, irritability, fatigue, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of guilt, reduced ability to concentrate and think, and thoughts of suicide or actual suicide attempts. In this 2016 study, we examined the factors and prevalence of depression in students at Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Urmia, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students. Data were collected through the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II): a 21- item standard questionnaire in multiple-choice format to evaluate depression. The questionnaires were distributed randomly by trained students over a period of 5 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 19 software and by descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, logistic regression models, and the chi-squared test. Results: The mean BDI score was 14.67 ± 11.30. Of the study population, 278 (69.8%) were men and 120 (30.2%) were women. In terms of depression, 40.2% of the students were in the normal range and had no depression, 23.6% were slightly depressed, and 18.3% were partially depressed. Also, 6.03% of students had severe depression, and 3.51% of students had very severe depression. No statistically signi cant relationship was observed between depression and sex (P = 0.11). However, signi cant relationships were observed between depression and education level (P = 0.001), smoking history (P = 0.001), and age (P = 0.023). P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically signi cant. Conclusion: The prevalence of different degrees of depression in the plurality of students at Urmia University of Medical Sciences necessitates the development and institution of psychological training classes.
Established and Future Promising Fertility Preservation Options in Adolescence and Adults
Authors: Yazdekhasti Hossein , Rajabi Zahra
Published: April 2018

Over the past decades, due to a high number of cancer survivors, the demands for fertility preservation have been raised dramatically, and this might come from recent progress in the cancer prognosis and diagnosis procedures. For those who are involved in cancer diseases, there are multiple options regarding their fertility preservation which can be selected based on patient’s age, the risk of gonadal involvement, the time available and the type of cancer with different advantages and disadvantages. Among all possible options, embryo cryopreservation for females and semen freezing for males are the most applicable method, however other options such as gonadal tissue cryopreservation, and oocyte cryopreservation are other promising options which would be considered if the partner was not available. As conclusion, this is noteworthy that women with cancer must benefit from adequate consultations regarding their possible fertility preservation options and immediate correct consultations definitely can help families to make their mind to choose best available options.
Assessed into form
Authors: Walldén Robert
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article is to examine how the discourse of formative assessment is perpetuated and transformed in a Facebook group where teachers and other agents meet for discussions and to share advice about teaching methods. Drawing on concepts from critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1993), the study shows how teachers position themselves as successful and devout practitioners of formative assessment, while perpetuating central concepts such as self-regulation and peer assessment. Additionally, the results show how teachers’ voices intermingle with private actors seeking to align formative ideals with requirements for certain goods and services. In light of these findings, the relation between formative discourse and discourses of marketization and performativity seems dialectic rather than oppositional. It is proposed that the resulting interdiscursive mix pushes teachers towards adopting market-­oriented identities, foregrounding not only the assessable behaviors of students but also those of their teachers.
Пункционная аспирационная биопсия опухолей яичника под контролем ультразвука
Authors: Азаб Хуссейн Ахмад , Торба А. В.
Published: April 2018

Целью было показать эффективность пункционной аспирационной биопсии с контролем ультразвукового исследования (ТАБ) доброкачественных и злокачественных опухолей яичника, а также роль цитологического исследования для своевременной окончательной диагностики объемных образований яичника. Обследовано 41 женщину, пункционная биопсия проводилась под контролем ультразвука, цитологический диагноз во всех случаях был верифицирован с помощью макроскопического и патогистологического исследований. У всех обследованных (42 поражения яичников) был получен достаточный для цитологического исследования материал. Правильный диагноз был поставлен у 34 пациенток (точность 80,9%).  В большинстве случаев расхождений с окончательными заключениями  были опухоли в начальных стадиях малигнизации (поверхностная эпителиальная инвазия). ТАБ с ультразвуковым контролем является точным, безопасным, быстрым и недорогим методом диагностики овариальных опухолей. Альтернативой ТАБ является диагностическая лапаротомия, обременительный для больной, дорогостоящий метод. Только в единичных случаях, когда после ТАБ диагноз остаётся неясным (поверхностная эпителиальная инвазия), гистопатологическое исследование требуется для постановки окончательного диагноза.
Proving Induction
Authors: Paseau Alexander
Published: April 2018

The hard problem of induction is to argue without begging the question that inductive inference, applied properly in the proper circumstances, is conducive to truth. A recent theorem seems to show that the hard problem has a deductive solution. The theorem, provable in ZFC, states that a predictive function M exists with the following property: whatever world we live in, M ncorrectly predicts the world’s present state given its previous states at all times apart from a well-ordered subset. On the usual model of time a well-ordered subset is small relative to the set of all times. M’s existence therefore seems to provide a solution to the hard problem.
My paper argues for two conclusions. First, the theorem does not solve the hard problem of induction. More positively though, it solves a version of the problem in which the structure of time is given modulo our choice of set theory.
The Boxdot Conjecture and the Language of Essence and Accident
Authors: Steinsvold Christopher
Published: April 2018

We show the Boxdot Conjecture holds for a limited but familiar range of Lemmon-Scott axioms. We re-introduce the language of essence and accident, first introduced by J. Marcos, and show how it aids our strategy.
Adding to Relevant Restricted Quantification
Authors: Beall Jc
Published: April 2018

This paper presents, in a more general setting, a simple approach to ‘relevant restricted generalizations’ advanced in previous work. After reviewing some desiderata for restricted generalizations, I present the target route towards achieving the desiderata. An objection to the approach, due to David Ripley, is presented, followed by three brief replies, one from a dialetheic perspective and the others more general.
Translatable Self-Reference
Authors: Slater Hartley
Published: April 2018

Stephen Read has advanced a solution of certain semantic paradoxes recently, based on the work of Thomas Bradwardine. One consequence of this approach, however, is that if Socrates utters only ‘Socrates utters a falsehood’ (a), while Plato says ‘Socrates utters a falsehood’ (b), then, for Bradwardine two different propositions are involved on account of (a) being self-referential, while (b) is not. Problems with this consequence are first discussed before a closely related analysis is provided that escapes it. Moreover, this alternative analysis merely relies on quantification theory at the propositional level, so there is very little to question about it. The paper is the third in a series explaining the superior virtues of a referential form of propositional quantification.
Fraenkel–Carnap Questions for Equivalence Relations
Authors: Weaver George , Penev Irena
Published: April 2018

An equivalence is a binary relational system A = (A,ϱA) where ϱA is an equivalence relation on A. A simple expansion of an equivalence is a system of the form (Aa1…an) were A is an equivalence and a1,…,an are members of A. It is shown that the Fraenkel-Carnap question when restricted to the class of equivalences or to the class of simple expansions of equivalences has a positive answer: that the complete second-order theory of such a system is categorical, if it is finitely axiomatizable.
Flexibility in Ceteris Paribus Reasoning
Authors: Seligman Jeremy , Girard Patrick
Published: April 2018

Ceteris Paribus clauses in reasoning are used to allow for defeaters of norms, rules or laws, such as in von Wright [5]’s example “I prefer my raincoat over my umbrella, everything else being equal”.
In {3, 4}, a logical analysis is offered in which sets of formulas Γ, embedded in modal operators, provide necessary and sufficient conditions for things to be equal in ceteris paribus clauses. For most laws, the set of things allowed to vary is small, often finite, and so Γ is typically infinite. Yet the axiomatisation they provide is restricted to the special and atypical case in which Γ is finite.
We address this problem by being more flexible about ceteris paribus conditions, in two ways. The first is to offer an alternative, slightly more general semantics, in which the set of formulas only give necessary but not (necessarily) sufficient conditions. This permits a simple axiomatisation.
The second is to consider those sets of formulas which are sufficiently flexible to allow the construction of a satisfying model in which the stronger necessary-and-sufficient interpretation of {3, 4} is maintained.
Plurivalent Logics
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: April 2018

In this paper, I will describe a technique for generating a novel kind of semantics for a logic, and explore some of its consequences. It would be natural to call the semantics produced by the technique in question ‘many-valued'; but that name is, of course, already taken. I call them, instead, ‘plurivalent'. In standard logical semantics, formulas take exactly one of a bunch of semantic values. I call such semantics ‘univalent'. In a plurivalent semantics, by contrast, formulas may take one or more such values (maybe even less than one). The construction I shall describe can be applied to any univalent semantics to produce a corresponding plurivalent one. In the paper I will be concerned with the application of the technique to propositional many-valued (including two-valued) logics. Sometimes going plurivalent does not change the consequence relation; sometimes it does. I investigate the possibilities in detail with respect to small family of many-valued logics.
The Completeness of Carnap's Predicate Logic
Authors: Cresswell Max
Published: April 2018

The paper first proves the completeness of the (non-modal) first-order predicate logic presented in Carnap’s 1946 article ‘Modalities and quantification’. By contrast the modal logic defined by the semantics Carnap produces is unaxiomatisable. One can though adapt Carnap’s semantics so that a standard completeness proof for a Carnapian version of predicate S5 turns out to be available.//
Power Matrices and Dunn-Belnap Semantics: Reflections on a Remark of Graham Priest
Authors: Humberstone Lloyd
Published: April 2018

The plurivalent logics considered in Graham Priest's recent paper of that name can be thought of as logics determined by matrices (in the 'logical matrix' sense) whose underlying algebras are power algebras (a.k.a. complex algebras, or 'globals'), where the power algebra of a given algebra has as elements subsets of the universe of the given algebra, and the power matrix of a given matrix has has the power algebra of the latter's algebra as its underlying algebra, with its designated elements being selected in a natural way on the basis of those of the given matrix. The present discussion stresses the continuity of Priest's work on the question of which matrices determine consequence relations (for propositional logics) which remain un-affected on passage to the consequence relation determined by the power matrix of the given matrix with the corresponding (long-settled) question in equational logic as to which identities holding in an algebra continue to hold in its power algebra. Both questions are sensitive to a decision as to whether or not to include the empty set as an element of the power algebra, and our main focus will be on the contrast, when it is included, between the power matrix semantics (derived from the two-element Boolean matrix) and the four-valued Dunn-Belnap semantics for first-degree entailment (à la Anderson and Belnap) in terms of sets of classical values (subsets of {T, F}, that is), in which the empty set figures in a somewhat different way, as Priest had remarked his 1984 study, 'Hyper-contradictions', in which what we are calling the power matrix construction first appeared.
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Mares Edwin
Published: April 2018

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Discriminator logics (Research announcement)
Authors: Spinks Matthew , Bignall Robert , Veroff Robert
Published: April 2018

A discriminator logic is the 1-assertional logic of a discriminator variety V having two constant terms 0 and 1 such that V |= 0 ≈ 1 iff every member of V is trivial. Examples of such logics abound in the literature. The main result of this research announcement asserts that a certain non-Fregean deductive system SBPC, which closely resembles the classical propositional calculus, is canonical for the class of discriminator logics in the sense that any discriminator logic S can be presented (up to definitional equivalence) as an axiomatic extension of SBPC by a set of extensional logical connectives taken from the language of S. The results outlined in this research announcement are extended to several generalisations of the class of discriminator logics in the main work.
Representing Counterparts
Authors: Bacon Andrew
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a counterpart theoretic semantics for quantified modal logic based on a fleshed out account of Lewis's notion of a 'possibility'. According to the account a possibility consists of a world and some haecceitistic information about how each possible individual gets represented de re. Following Hazen, a semantics for quantified model logic based on evaluating formulae at possibilities is developed. It is shown that this framework naturally accommodates an actuality operator, addressing recent objections to counterpart theory, and is equivalent to the more familiar Kripke semantics for quantied modal logic with an actuality operator.
Much Ado About Nothing
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: April 2018

The point of this paper is to bring together three topics: non-existent objects, mereology, and nothing(ness). There are important inter-connections, which it is my aim to spell out, in the service of an account of the last of these.
Goedel's Property Abstraction and Possibilism
Authors: Goldman Randoph Rubens
Published: April 2018

Gödel’s Ontological argument is distinctive because it is the most sophisticated and formal of ontological arguments and relies heavily on the notion of positive property. Gödel uses a third-order modal logic with a property abstraction operator and property quantification into modal contexts. Gödel describes positive property as "independent of the accidental structure of the world"; "pure attribution," as opposed to privation; "positive in the 'moral aesthetic sense.'" Pure attribution seems likely to be related to the Leibnizian concept of perfection.By a careful examination of the formal semantics of third-order modal logic with property abstraction together with a Completeness result for third-order modal logic with property abstraction for faithful models that I previously developed in 2000 in my work, Gödel’s Ontological Argument, I argue that it is not possible to develop a sufficient applied third-order modal semantics for Gödel’s ontological argument. As I explore possible approaches for an applied semantics including anti-Realist accounts of the semantics of modal logic compatible with Actualism, I argue that Gödel makes implicit philosophical assumptions which commit him to both possibilism (the belief in merely possible objects) and modal realism (the belief in possible worlds).
Paraconsistent games and the limits of rational self-interest
Authors: Daynes Arief , Andrikopoulos Panagiotis , Pagas Paraskevas , Latimer David
Published: April 2018

It is shown that logical contradictions are derivable from natural translations into first order logic of the description and background assumptions of the Soros Game, and of other games and social contexts that exhibit conflict and reflexivity. The logical structure of these contexts is analysed using proof-theoretic and model-theoretic techniques of first order paraconsistent logic. It is shown that all the contradictions that arise contain the knowledge operator K. Thus, the contradictions do not refer purely to material objects, and do not imply the existence of inconsistent, concrete, physical objects, or the inconsistency of direct sensory experience. However, the decision-making of rational self-interested agents is stymied by the appearance of such intensional contradictions. Replacing the rational self-interest axioms with axioms for an appropriate moral framework removes the inconsistencies. Rational moral choice in conflict-reflexive social contexts then becomes possible.
Two-valued logics for naive truth theory
Authors: Rosenblatt Lucas Daniel
Published: April 2018

It is part of the current wisdom that the Liar and similar semanticparadoxes can be taken care of by the use of certain non-classicalmultivalued logics. In this paper I want to suggest that bivalent logic can do just as well. This is accomplished by using a non-deterministic matrix to define the negation connective. I show that the systems obtained in this way support a transparent truth predicate. The paper also contains some remarks on the conceptual interest of such systems.
A Modal-tense Sortal Logic with Variable-Domain Second-order Quantification
Authors: Freund Max Alberto
Published: April 2018

We propose a new intensional semantics for modal-tense second-order languages with sortal predicates. The semantics provides a variable-domain interpretation of the second-order quantifiers. A formal logical system is characterized and proved to be sound and complete with respect to the semantics. A contemporary variant of conceptualism as a theory of universals is the philosophical background of the semantics. Justification for the variable-domain interpretation of the second-order quantifiers presupposes such a conceptualist framework.