bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROJETO BRASIL/ÁFRICA: ENTREVISTA COM DR. INÁCIO VALENTIM (ANGOLA)
Authors: Valentim Inácio , Prata VILMAR , Nascimento Joelson
Published: April 2022

Entrevista com o filósofo Inácio Valentim. Natural de Guiné Bissau e residente há dez anos em Angola. O professor é Doutor em filosofia pela Universidade Carlos III de Madrid. Membro doutorado integrado do centro de filosofia das ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, autor de várias obras e possuí estâncias de investigações pós-doutorais. Atualmente é Director geral do Instituto Superior Politécnico Sol Nascente (ISPSN), uma das instituições educacionais mais importantes de Angola, Situada na província do Huambo no sul do país.
ERIC VOEGELIN E “A ERA ECUMÊNICA”
Authors: PAZ ANDERSON BARBOSA
Published: April 2022

O quarto volume da obra “Ordem e História” de Eric Voegelin, intitulado de “A Era Ecumênica”, marca a última mudança no pensamento do filósofo alemão. Voegelin rejeita uma concepção linear da história e sugere que as “irrupções espirituais” das civilizações se tornem o objeto de análise para identificar a “ordem da história”. A partir disso, Voegelin rejeita os sistemas imanentistas da modernidade, notadamente, ideologias, como “revoltas egofânicas” que trazem desequilíbrio no Intermédio ou “metaxia” entre o cosmos e o além. O objetivo do presente artigo é identificar a concepção de história e a crítica às ideologias modernas na obra “A Era Ecumênica” de Eric Voegelin. Adota-se metodologia exploratória e abordagem qualitativa na investigação do objetivo proposto. O trabalho conclui que, apesar da importante crítica voegiliniana à perda de fundamento transcendente da política moderna, a filosofia política do “último Voegelin” de “A Era Ecumênica” tem pouco a dizer sobre a política concreta, revelando-se uma filosofia da consciência apolítica em sentido normativo.
FONTE DA VIDA, DE DARREN ARONOFSKY
Authors: Mateus José Lannes Tolentino
Published: April 2022

Um homem viaja através do tempo à procura de se tornar imortal para salvar o amor de sua vida. Como um conquistador do século XVI, Tomás procura a lendária fonte da juventude. Como um cientista na atualidade, Tommy luta desesperadamente para encontrar a cura do câncer que está matando sua mulher. E como um astronauta no século XXVI, Tom parece descobrir os mistérios da vida, amor e morte.
Determining gestational age in the early fetal period: A comparison of morphometrical parameters
Authors: Cortes-Enriquez Omar D , Beltran-Aguilar Victor M , Yee-De Leon Ana L , Lopez-Serna Norberto
Published: April 2022

Estimation of fetal age is an important component of prenatal evaluation. The measure of the Crown-Rump Length (CRL) by ultrasound is one of the most frequently used methods to determine it. However, in certain pathologies, this measure could lose accuracy, and other measures should be taken to evaluate fetal age and to determine the normal growth of the conceptus. The main objective of this research was to compare different morphometric parameters with CRL in normal human fetuses to determine which of them has a stronger correlation with gestational age to be a useful measure when CRL could not be appropriately evaluated. We measured 10 different morphometric parameters and the weight in 120 human fetuses product of abortion that had externally normal morphology, and a Pearson´s Correlation test was made with each of the parameters with the gestational age determined using the CRL. Each of the 10 parameters had a significantly strong correlation with CRL. However, some of them have a stronger correlation and should be preferred when CRL is not available. If available, fetal age should be estimated using an ultrasound technique and measuring the CRL. Nevertheless, if an alteration in one of the structures affects its measure, a different parameter should be used. The limitations of each parameter should be noticed before using them.
A thorough cadaveric investigation of coronary ostia and its relationship with sinotubular junction
Authors: Bansal Swati , Jain Rajiv , Gupta Rimpi , Swami Shveta , Budhiraja Virendra , Sikka Mehak
Published: April 2022

Coronary arteries take origin from the sinus of Valsalva present at the aortic root bounded by a circumferential ridge called sinotubular junction (STJ). Developmentally, the location and morphology of these ostia may vary, and can cause variations in origin of coronary arteries and further complications in any interventional cardiac procedure. This has made it necessary to find the variation in number and location of ostia, their size, shape and relation with surrounding structures. The present study included 40 formalin-fixed cadaveric hearts. The average diameter of the right coronary ostium (RCO) was 3.1 mm and the left coronary ostium (LCO) was 4.2 mm. With regard to the shape of the ostium, the RCO was described as circular in 92.5% (37/40), horizontally elliptical in 7.5% (3/40) of cases. The LCO was circular in 90% (36/40), horizontally elliptical in 5% (2/40) of cases. The RCO was located below STJ in 65% cases (26/40), at STJ in 22.5% (9/40) and above STJ in 22.5% (9/40) cases. LCO were below STJ in 50% (20/40), at STJ in 27.5% (11/40) and above STJ in 22.5% (9/40) cases. Multiple ostia in single aortic sinus were recorded in 24.4 % of cases. The study of the location, shape and morphometry of coronary ostia is essential for any cardiac interventional procedures done for diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation
Fundusz Kościelny w latach 1950–1989
Authors: Zawiślak Michał
Published: April 2022

Monografia dotyczy działalności Funduszu Kościelnego w latach 1950-1989. Okoliczności uchwalenia ustawy z 20 marca 1950 roku o przejęciu przez państwo dóbr martwej ręki, poręczeniu proboszczom gospodarstw rolnych i utworzeniu Funduszu Kościelnego przesądziły o jego podporządkowaniu polityce wyznaniowej. Dochody z zagarniętego majątku Kościoła katolickiego i innych związków wyznaniowych miały stanowić źródło finansowania potrzeb duchowieństwa. Coroczny budżet tego funduszu opierał się na dotacjach uchwalanych przez Radę Ministrów. W praktyce przepisy ustawy były wykorzystywane do finansowania potrzeb zgodnych z wytycznymi władz partyjnych. Największe kwoty przeznaczane były na finansowe wspieranie ruchu „księży patriotów”. Ponadto ze środków Funduszu Kościelnego wbrew zapewnieniom ustawy finansowano w ograniczonym zakresie działalność Kościoła Katolickiego. Fundusz Kościelny w okresie PRL został całkowicie podporządkowany Urzędowi do Spraw Wyznań. Konsekwencją takiego stanu rzeczy był brak kontroli wydatkowania środków. Działalność finansowa Funduszu Kościelnego wykraczała poza jego ustawowe zobowiązania.
Vitamin deficiency and the most common dermatoses in people with ulcerative colitis
Authors:   Scientific Student Club at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Lis Wiktoria , Piotrowska Anna ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow
Published: April 2022

In recent years the number of people suffering from colitis ulcerosa (CU) has risen rapidly. The disease is characterized by alternating periods of remission and relapse. Persistent inflammatory activity in the colon impedes the absorption of certain nutrients, which affects in dermatologic manifestations on one’s skin, hair and nails. Numerous intestinal symptoms cause discomfort in patients, which negatively affects physical, emotional and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was the description of CU, indication of deficient components and consequences of impaired absorption manifesting on skin, nail and hair condition. Patients with CU are among the demanding clients of beauty salons. Properly selected products and treatments can help supplement the deficiencies of selected substances in the body and obtain satisfactory results.
Influence of B vitamins on the development of lesions typical of rosacea
Authors:   Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie, Buszka Agata
Published: April 2022

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by erythema and inflammatory maculopapular lesions. Its cause may be a number of endogenous factors, such as improper functioning of the immune system, genetic predisposition, or vascular disorders, but also external stimuli, such as medications, and dietary supplements, including vitamins. The aim of the article is to describe the effect of B vitamins on the skin and the entire organism, as well as their possible negative impact on the development of lesions typical of rosacea.
The culture of transdisciplinary communication: value aspects of education
Authors:   Doctoral School ", Popa Ludmila ,   Educational Sciences"
Published: April 2022

Articolul elucidează aspectul valoric al educației în contextul generării atitudinilor și comportamentelor ce condiționează asimilarea și interiorizarea progresivă a elementelor socioculturale din mediul ambiant (determinate de evoluția activității integratoare a ființei umane într-un continuum spațiu temporal), evocat în configurarea și manifestarea culturii comunicării transdisciplinare a ființei umane prin realizarea sinelui / autoactualizare.
Models of psychological activity with reference to the affectivity of pupils
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Batog Mariana
Published: April 2022

In this article some models of ensuring psychological activity with reference to the affectivity of students in the general education system are presented. In this context, models of the organization of the school Psychological Service and methodological conceptual models aimed at psychological assistance in the educational system are analyzed and exposed. Thus, the models of diagnosis and psychological intervention for reducing anxiety in students are reflected; the model of psychological intervention in preadolescents with post-traumatic stress; the psychopedagogical program for the formation of the feeling of gratitude towards parents in adolescents; the psychological intervention program oriented towards the development of empathy at the preadolescence age; psycho-pedagogical models for the development of the emotional - volitional sphere in children with restraint in mental development; methods, techniques and tools of diagnosis and psychological intervention regarding the affectivity of students are described.
Correlation between phonological language disorder and cognitive processes in preschools
Authors:   Doctoral School of Psychology, Haceatrean Olesea
Published: April 2022

The article contains the synthesis of a comparative study conducted by investigating two categories of preschool children aged 6-7, with typical development and phonological disorder. The experimental results obtained by the children in the Visual Memory and Visual Attention tests are described and interpreted and the difference between them is estimated. The statistical processing confirmed the validity of the specialized intervention carried out.
The impact of COVID-19 on NHS dental services and oral health in Scotland
Authors:   Public Health Scotland
Published: April 2022

This release by Public Health Scotland reports on the impact of COVID-19 using data from primary and secondary care dental services and oral health improvement programmes in Scotland.
Conservation of Forest and community rights: a studyof people’s Livelihood Rights in the Periphery of Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India
Authors: Gogoi Biplob , Gogoi Dilip
Published: April 2022

Kaziranga National Park, the world heritage site of Assam, presents its own unilinear thread of success in the Indian forest conservation history. Known as the only abode of the Asiatic one horned Rhinoceros and a few other endangered fauna, the national park seems to be at the receiving end of a state driven pursuit of modern scientific conservation that demarcates hitherto non-existing boundaries between the park and the people in its periphery. Here the paper tries to find out the colonial roots of forest conservation in India in general and the state of Assam in particular, to establish a linkage between implementation of forest acts and administrative policies in Independent India and the diminishing status of community forest rights in the fringe villages of the national park of Kaziranga (KNP). The paper examines various aspects of infringement of livelihood rights in 20 sampled villages undertaken for the study in and around 5 protected areas of the park and tries to offer possible solutions with an inclusive approach aimed at safeguarding both livelihood rights and natural resource management in the parkâs periphery.
What do Farmers Don’t Know? A Generic Index to Summarize Cognitive Awareness of Ground water sourced
Authors: Ankita Ms. , Padvetnaya Vivek U. , Chaudhuri Sriroop
Published: April 2022

Rise of groundwater-sourced irrigation in India towed along grave concerns over water resources conservation. In this narrative, we offer the authorities (groundwater and irrigation systemsâ managers) a Groundwater Depletion Awareness Index (GDAI) â a collective expression of farmersâ cognitive awareness, integrating four key aspects of irrigated agriculture: (i) groundwater depletion; (ii) water-efficient crops; (iii) irrigation innovations for water conservation; and (iv) uptake of recent irrigation policies at grassroots. We employed a mixed method approach, a cross-sectional survey (10 villages, 100 farmers in Sonepat, Haryana) combined with multivariate statistics (principal component analysis and multivariate regression). Results indicated that although there is certain level of awareness about groundwater depletion, only about 8% of the interviewees adopted water-efficient practices, such as micro-irrigation (MI) and poly house farming (PH). About 42% of interviewees heard of governmentâs MI policy (Per Drop More Crop; launched in 2015), while only 7% were aware of its benefits. None was aware of the advantages of PH. At the grassroots, farmers appeared more aware of potential challenges of MI and PH than their opportunities. None was aware of the Haryana state governmentâs recent Jal Hi Jeevan Hai policy (Water is Life; 2019) that urges farmers to diversify and switch to water-efficient crops. Overall, the GDAI revealed multidimensional cognitive barriers to increase uptake of water-efficient farming. It owes to profound disconnect between policy-making and awareness generation at grassroots. We outline means to bridge the gap about how to (i) promote PH-based farming; (ii) restructure financial packages for MI; and (iii) motivate farmers by hands-on demonstration of economic returns of PH and MI.
Compatible agri-horti systems and weed management options for Mungbean production
Authors: Singh M.K. , Shivran O.P. , Prasad S.K.
Published: April 2022

For increasing the production of mungbean, a field experiment was conducted in split plot design, to evaluate the compatible agri-horti system and efficient weed management practice. Keeping three agrihorti systems [guava, custard apple and open field] in the main-plots and six weed management practices [pendimethalin 1000 g a.i./ha (PE), imazethapyr 125 and 200 g a.i./ha (PoE), 1- HW (20 DAS), 2-HW (15 & 30 DAS) and weedy check] in sub-plots. Age of agri-horti plantation was 5-years old. Custard apple agrihorti system and open field recorded highest and lowest infestation of weeds, respectively. However, most of the growth, yield attributes and yield did not vary with agri-horti systems. 2-HW recorded the lowest infestation of weeds vis-Ã -vis maximum growth of mungbean. Application of imazethapyr 200 g a.i./ha recorded the lowest growth of predominant weed species, however, dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield of mungbean were comparable with imazethapyr 125 g a.i./ha.
A study on Incorporating Zero Energy Building Features in a Residential Building
Authors: Kanchana S. , Akshaya P. , Gokul Krishnan R. , Jawahar R.
Published: April 2022

Any building has significant impact on the energy use and the environment which can potentially affect the development of a country. It is highly important to minimize energy usage to preserve the environment. Energy usage also causes climatic changes, environmental degradation and increases the air pollution. The amount of energy utilization should be considerably reduced in all types of buildings to make environmentally sustainable towns and cities. The buildings that utilize minimum energy and discharges minimum waste in to the environment can be called zero energy buildings. Zero energy buildings offer numerous advantages to the society as a whole. The aim of this study is to focus on the zero energy components that can be incorporated to create Net Zero energy by using various energy resources. The study discusses the various energy optimization features in a residential building of around 2000 sq. ft area. The building is energy sufficient building and it uses renewable energy sources for heating and power generation to operate the electrical and electronic appliances.
Studies on Limnological Characteristics and Zooplankton Diversity in Durgadahalli and MydalaLakes of Tumakuru, Karnataka State, India
Authors: Shivaraju Mr. , Venkateshwarlu M.
Published: April 2022

The specific status of limnological characteristics and diversity of zooplankton in Durgadahalli and Mydala Lakes have been studied in the period 2017-19. Diversity of zooplankton in the selected two lakes identified 35 species of zooplankton. In Durgadahalli lake 20 species were recorded, of which 14 are rotifers, 4 are cladoceraus and 2 are copepods. Among the rotifers, family Brachionidae reported as highest number of species (11 species), of which Genus Brachionus contain 08 species. Similarly, in Mydala lake recorded 26 species of zooplankton among which 17 are rotifers, 7 are cladoceraus and 2 are copepods. In rotifers, family Brachionidae contains high number of species (10 species), in which Genus Brachionus (08 species) represents the highest number. Most commonly occurring species are Brachionus angularis, B. caudatus, Keratellatropica, Filinia longiseta, Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Ceriodaphniacornuta, Diaphanosomasarsi and Moina micrura. The highest zooplankton population was recorded in rotifera and lesser in copepod in both the lakes. The water remained moderately alkaline (pH 7.07 and pH 7.27) while Biochemical Oxygen Demand (3.0 mg/l each), Dissolved Oxygen (7.5 mg/l and 5.32 mg/l), TDS (167 mg/l and 272 mg/l), chloride (15 mg/l and 27.5 mg/l), hardness (40 mg/l and 81.5 mg/l) showed low mean values respectively.
Advanced Iot Based Health Monitoring System: AReview
Authors: Sharma Ahona Sen , Singh Anjuvan
Published: April 2022

Health Monitoring system is a system build for the convenience of the patient. The collected information and analysis help the doctor to diagnosis the patient better. For the execution of the project a sensor is implemented in a smart phone which would connect the patient with the doctor. This system will help the doctor to connect with the patient from anywhere. In this proposed system, through the sensors doctors could easily get access to patientsâ previous history, heartbeat, pulse rate and ECG graph, r4aspberry pi is set up which would transfer the analysis to the doctors and medical staffs via internet access. The patient and the doctor can monitor with the help of the URL. An alert is sent to the patient through SMS if the sensors show abnormality. Thus, the patientâs health parameters are regularly observed and action is taken effectively. The regular monitoring through IOT will provide the patient with effective treatment which will make their recovery easy.
Quantitative effect of musical sound on seed germination kinetics in Pisum sativum
Authors: Das Mousumi , Ghosh Dipak
Published: April 2022

Germination of seed is a crucial step in a plantâs life cycle. It is essential for emergence of seedling and finally producing viable offspring. Germination encompasses a wide number of events influenced by different factors and sound is not an exception. Sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave. Sound waves with different frequencies, intensities and amplitudes affect different phases of plantâs life cycle including germination. Seed germination kinetics, particularly germination speed contributes a major role in the variability of germination. This work is aimed to analyse the effect of musical sound with specific spectral characteristics mainly Detrended Fluctuation Analysis scaling exponent on seed germination kinetics in Pisum sativum. Indian Classical music and Natural music was used to stimulate Pisum sativum seeds for 72 hours. Germination kinetics was evaluated in terms of Mean Germination Time, t20 and Germination Percentage. Experimental results showed that musical sound can speed up germination process in Pisum sativum. Extremely high statistically significant differences were observed in germination kinetics after musical sound treatment (p<0.0001). This new work will be valuable for improving germination performance in Pisum sativum.
Mathematics of coalescent gene trees
Authors: Sivaraman R. , Sengothai R.
Published: April 2022

Using the coalescent process continuously until all the lineages have become one, we get different possible gene trees. In this paper I had computed the probabilities of such different gene trees that occur depending on the way lineages can form. In particular I had shown the probability of any 3 sample gene tree is 1/3 and for four samples resembling caterpillar gene trees the probability is 1/18 and probability for any balanced gene tree with 4 samples is 1/9. I have also proved a theorem providing the number of ranked gene trees. This estimate will help us to determine the probability of any gene tree.
Poverty among the landless agricultural labourers in Eral Taluk, Thoothukudi District
Authors: Albert Baby
Published: April 2022

Poverty is multi-dimensional in character, scope and content. Poverty has an economic face, a social face and a Psychological face. Poverty’s economic face includes joblessness, unemployment, and lack of finances to satisfy the family’s basic needs. Poverty leads to low economic growth. This reduces the productivity of labour force and economic growth is affected. Landless agricultural labourers means, “Employment in rural areas other than in agriculture”. In this study area the landless agricultural labourers is not satisfactory. Their standard of living is very low. They are not in a position to purchase their essential goods. The remedy is to create job opportunity among the unemployed people. The government must take adequate steps to provide financial assistance and introduce job-oriented programmes to this area of landless agricultural labourers. Further, in this study area, there is no agricultural labour organisation.
New approach to the ivory and bone artifacts from Tagar (Ter). Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra
Authors: Patil Maya J.
Published: April 2022

Ivory is the hard creamy-white dentin that forms the tusks of some animals such as elephants, used to make decorative objects. Ivory is mainly used to make combs, ear rings, bangles, hair pins, antimony rods (anjana or Kajjal shalaka), seals, buttons, decoration pieces, boxes, dice, chessmen, furniture, ornaments, manuscript covers, mirror handles Etc. Ivory and bones are used for needles, arrow heads, from Prehistoric times. They are continued till modern period. Ter, i.e. Ancient Tagar Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra is an ancient major city of Satavahana period. In various excavations and surface collection many objects are reveled which are created from ivory and bone. Artifacts like decorative mirror handles in the form of beautiful lady, ivory combs, needles, antimony roads, and dolls are reveled. Some bone artifacts like female figurine are revealed. Mirror handles in the form of beautiful lady has having clothes on the backside are traditionally known as Sakachha. It resembles the nine-yard Sari wore in Maharashtrian style.
existentialist bent in Philip Larkin’s poetry
Authors: Das Bapi
Published: April 2022

Philip Larkin reveals in his poetry the post-war mood and feeling that was predominant in lives of contemporary British people. Their existence was overshadowed by threat of mighty nuclear war that the world never saw before. Larkin himself experienced existential predicament of his countrymen as a representative of his time. He candidly reflected what he noticed and felt. The varied existentialist issues incorporated by Larkin lend his poetry a philosophical dimension. The present research paper focuses on anxiety, alienation, death from the perspective of two noted existentialist thinkers, Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre.
Assessment of phytoplankton and water quality in the Pravara River: An impact of human indiscriminate behaviour
Authors: Kadwe Smita K. , Kharake Ashali C. , Raut Vaishali S.
Published: April 2022

An attempt has been made to identify instream Phytoplankton and its impacts on the water quality of the Pravara river. The main aim of this research work is to analyse Phytoplankton abundance and its impact on water quality of the Pravara River water, for which water samples from 08 sampling stations from stream have been collected during 1st week of Jan 2022. Physico-chemical parameters have been analyzed by standard method. The Field observations reveal that enhancement in human activities water deterioration also increased. It is all due to indiscriminate behaviour of the human being. Many human activities necessary for survival but it declined water quality. Study also reveals that in the study area due to deterioration of water quality phytoplankton abundance has been observed. At the dadh, Ashwi, Punatgaon, Toka due to phytoplankton water is not fit for drinking purpose. To analyze Phytoplankton abundance and Physio-chemical characteristics of water is the main aim of the research with remedial measures to mitigate the deterioration and related consequences in future.
Using the remnants of pomegranate peel particles to strengthen the bases of PMMA dentures
Authors: Shaker Ahmed , Bdaiwi Waleed
Published: April 2022

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin was used as a basic material in this research with pomegranate peel particles with fractional masses ((0,5,10,15 ,20%,25 ,30 %) as a cementing material with a granular size of 45µm)). Samples for mechanical tests to study mechanical properties (bending, shock, thermal conductivity) and at laboratory temperature (27°C(. The results of mechanical tests represented by (bending, shock) showed that the best value obtained for the bending modulus is (67Mpa) at a mass fracture of 10%. Moreover, the best value for the shock resistance is (58kJ/m2) at 20% mass fracture, and the thermal conductivity property decreases to the lowest value (0.71W/m.c°) due to the increased reinforcement with pomegranate peels.
Development of strategic plan for new normal creative tourism
Authors: Namburi Nantharat , Raksudjarit Sukrita , Namburi Sirichai , Kutipakdee Thanakul , Pinichchan Ganyarat , Pangsuban Preecha
Published: April 2022

The operation emphasizing development until it reaches the utmost effectiveness has to rely on plans, which will be guidance for such operation. A strategic plan is a framework for such development by focusing on success according to the goals and period determined. The background of this study is to develop the tourism industry after the Coronavirus pandemic. It is an essential and urgent issue to recover tourism potentially and welcome tourists like before. Furthermore, it builds reliability to the tourists on hygiene and protection of such disease. It is the background of the study. The research was carried out by using the Qualitative Research type using the Participatory Action Research (PAR). The objectives are to study the contexts and develop the strategic plan for new normal creative tourism of the Hala-Bala forest areas community, Thailand. The key informants derived from Purposive Sampling from the representatives of both public and private sectors, community leaders, and community agents, a total of 38 persons, in the Aiyerweng Sub-district of Betong District, and Mae Wat Sub-district of Than To District, Yala Province.
Patent law
Authors: Pachauri Yatish , Tak Apoorva , Sahni Shruti , Chanda Subhrajit
Published: April 2022

Intellectual property is a tangible property which is protected from infringement by others till the longevity of that IPR. Intellectual property rights (IPR) are being defined as any creative ideas, new inventions, and creative expressions based on which certain rights are being provided to the actual owner and creator to bestow the status of property to reap the monetary benefits from it and also grant some license to others for arising more benefits. With the development of technology, it's being very easy to acquire any confidential information about any IPR application. IPR protection may give exclusive rights to the actual owner and also create a monopoly on that subject matter for a certain period. Law of patent provide protection for new Inventions who fulfill the criterial of Novelty, Non-obviousness and Industrial application. this protection allowing him/her to include or exclude other person for using, selling the patented invention. This paper also addresses the effectiveness of the international agreement like TRIPS and Patent cooperation treaty, also the Usage of patented products in sports to enhance their performance, those patented products not only create inequality among the players but also creates unfair competition amongst them.
Assessment of lateral and vertical tissue displacement obtained by the retraction cord and diode laser
Authors: Abdelhamid Alaa Abdelzaher , Mahallawi Omaima S. El , Khodary Noha A. El
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to compare between two techniques of gingival retraction (retraction cord and diode laser) regarding the amount of tissue displacement both laterally and vertically. Also, Patient satisfaction during their application. Methodology: twenty two cases requiring full coverage porcelain fused to metal fixed prosthesis in the anterior esthetic zone were taken from the outpatient clinic of the fixed prosthodontics department – Cairo University. The teeth were prepared with subgingival deep chamfer finish line and were distributed according to the technique of gingival retraction. Group I: Patients receiving retraction with the retraction cord. Group II: Patients receiving retraction with diode laser. In both groups measurement of lateral and vertical displacement done by using the stereomicroscope. also, patient satisfaction was measured by Comley and Demeyer numeric pain scale. There was significant difference between the two groups regarding lateral and vertical displacement. Laser troughing give not only more amount of vertical but also more lateral retraction whereas, P<0.05. For the patient satisfaction there was a significant difference between both groups, with laser troughing give better results.
Intellectuals and Social Movements in Iran in the 14th SH Century: A Narrative of Ups and Downs
Authors: Khosrowkhavar Farhad , Paivandi Saeed
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the place of intellectuals in the main social movements over the course of a century in Iran. Four social movements have been chosen according to their importance during this period: the post-World War II nationalist movement that gathered around the nationalist government of Mossadegh; the anti-monarchy social movement (1978-79) associated with the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty and the advent of the Islamic Republic in Iran; the Green movement, which organized around electoral integrity in 2009, and the popular revolts of 2017 and 2019, which addressed governmental corruption, democracy, and the future of the country. The article analyzes how the role of intellectuals has evolved through contemporary history in Iran. As such it traces the course from a nationalist social movement (1950-53), in which intellectuals had a significant role, up to more recent popular revolts (2017-19) against poverty, unemployment, and state corruption, in which the effective participation of intellectuals was minimal. The article proposes the following tripartite typology of modern Iranian social movements in relation to intellectuals: the category of social movements with "prophetic" intellectuals; the category of social movements which give birth to their own intellectuals on the spot; the category of social movements which are devoid of intellectuals. The article focuses on the crisis of intellectuals in recent social movements in Iran.
COVID-19 Depressed Women’s Employment Everywhere, and More So in Iran
Authors: Chamlou Nadereh
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has had a regressive impact on women’s economic outcomes worldwide. Women’s jobs have been 1.8 times more vulnerable than men’s jobs. In Iran, too, the closures and the pandemic have depressed women’s already low economic participation rates by about 20 percent. This paper compares pre-COVID/end of 2019 with the end of 2020 Iranian labor market outcomes, using data from the Statistical Office of Iran. Since the sanctions environment remained unchanged between these two points in time, under the Rouhani government, one can deduct that the differences mainly resulted from the economic impact of the pandemic. Unfortunately, the data for 2021 has not yet been released.
Relative accuracy of method of biomass and volume estimation in forest tree plantations
Authors: Gupta S. , Bhardwaj S.
Published: April 2022

Black Wattle (Acacia mollissima) plantations have come up extensively in the mid-hills of North-Western Himalayas. The above ground biomass and its allocation among different tree components (leaf, branch+ twig and stem wood) and among diameter classes was estimated using destructive and non-destructive method for stands established at different sites. Stemwood volume (m3 ha-1) was also calculated for each stand by these two methods. The results have revealed that leaf and branch biomass at all sites was over estimated by the non-destructive method whereas, over estimates in stem wood biomass were recorded in two sites only. Stemwood volume estimated by non-destructive means was less than that by destructive one. Therefore, in general to avoid destructive felling, reasonable estimate can be predicted using non-destructive methods of biomass and volume estimation.
Hybrid and Blended Learning – A Step in the Right Direction
Authors: Secor Molly
Published: April 2022

The article titled “Combining the Best of Online and Face-to-Face Learning: Hybrid and Blended Learning Approach for COVID-19, Post Vaccine, & Post-Pandemic World” authored by Dr. Jitendra Singh et al., presents a research study that creatively examines the history, evolution, and development of blended learning in a variety of educational settings. The article describes the review of various models of hybrid learning and different e-learning models currently used in higher education. In addition, the article articulates a number of issues that students, faculty, schools, and institutions of higher education faced during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. Finally, the authors examine effective strategies for integration of best practices moving forward in the pandemic trajectory. Using a fishbone analysis, challenges faced by instructors and academic institutions are examined to lay the foundation for potential solutions and strategies. A detailed Strength–Weakness–Opportunities–Threat (SWOT) analysis of blended and hybrid mediums of instruction is described. The authors conclude with an evidence-based approach from their own experience and research which can be utilized by faculty and administrators worldwide, as we enter a post-vaccine and post pandemic world.
Simulation of maturity duration and productivity of two rice varieties under system of rice intensification using DSSAT v 4.5/CERES-Rice model
Authors: ANCHAL DASS  , AJIT SINGH NAIN  , S. SUDHISHRI  , SUBHASH CHANDRA
Published: April 2022

Crop growth models have been considered as potential tools for simulating growth and yield of crops. Hence, Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer/Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis (DSSAT v 4.5/CERES-Rice) model was applied to the data recorded in two years (2008 and 2009). The field experiment included two rice varieties (‘Pant Dhan 4’ and ‘Hybrid 6444’) cultivated with system of rice intensification (SRI) method, under three irrigation schedules (irrigation at 1, 3 and 5 day after disappearance of ponded water) and two planting spacings (20 cm x 20 cm and 25 cm x 25 cm). The model was calibrated using data of 2009 and validated with the data of 2008. For ‘Pant Dhan 4’ maturity was slightly under predicted (gap 2-6 days) by the model with an overall gap between observed and predicted values being 2%, during 2009. However, model predictions were closer (gap 1-2 days) during 2008. The predicted maturity of ‘Hybrid 6444’ was close to the observed one (gap 1 day) but it was over predicted for the year 2008. The model predicted the yield of both the varieties with fair accuracy. The overall gap between predicted and observed yield was 5% for ‘Pant Dhan 4’ and 11.4 % for ‘Hybrid 6444’. Hence the model can be used for predicting maturity and yield of these rice varietiesgrown with SRI method.
Simulating the phenology, growth and yield of aromatic rice cultivars using CERESRice model under different environments
Authors: MOHAMMAD SHAMIM  , A.M. SHEKH  , VYAS PANDEY  , H. R. PATEL  , M. M. LUNAGARIA
Published: April 2022

Field experiment were conducted during kharif seasons of 2007 and 2008 on silty loam soils of Nawagam under middle Gujarat Agroclimatic zone. Four aromatic cultivars of rice were transplanted on three dates to validate the CERES-Rice v.3.5 model. Highly positive significant association was found between simulated and observed days to heading (r = 0.95**). The model overestimated biomass production under estimated test weight and LAI. The performance of the model in simulating grains per square meter was poor. The grain yield was simulated in close agreement with the field observed grain yield.
Thermal regime requirement and plant responses of chickpea cultivars under variable weather conditions
Authors: A. K. SINGH  , A. N. MISHRA  , PADMAKAR TRIPATHI
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Agromet Research Farm of N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad with three chickpea cultivars viz. Awarodhi, Radhey and Uday grown under three dates of sowing. Results revealed that phasic duration and thermal unit from sowing to maturity decreased with successive delay in sowing. The accumulated thermal unit during the entire growth period of the crop decreased from 21370days under October 31 sowing to 17850 days under late sowing (sowing delayed by 20 days). Number of pods and number of seeds per pod increased with increasing temperature from 9.1-23.50C. Maximum temperature during reproductive stage had negative correlation on the yield. Yield decreased with successive increase of maximum temperature from 27.2-32.90C.
Impact of projected climate change on wheat and maize in middle Gujarat agro-climatic zone
Authors: H. R. PATEL  , MANOJ M. LUNAGARIA  , B. I. KARANDE  , VYAS PANDEY  , VYAS PANDEY  , A. V. SHAH  , V.U.M. RAO  , S. NARESH KUMAR
Published: April 2022

The impact of projected climate change on wheat and maize (kharif and rabi) have been studied for Anand and Dahod districts of Gujarat state using PRECIS output of A2 and base line data. Yield simulation study was performed by InfoCrop model. The field experiment data on wheat collected at Anand during 2005-2009 and for maize collected at Dahod during 2004-07 respectively were used for calibration and validation of the model. The simulated yield over projected period (2071-2100) showed that nearly 38 to 43 % yield reduction was noted in both the cultivars as compared to their base yield. However, the yield reduction was lower under late sown condition (30th Nov.) and higher in early sown (1st Nov.).

In case of maize cultivars the percent reduction in yield during kharif season was higher in 15th July sowing as compared to 1st July sowing. Under normal (1st July) sowing nearly 40 % reduction in yield was simulated by model during projected period. During rabi season the yield reduction was less which clearly suggested that rabi sowing of maize found most beneficial under climate change as compared to kharif sowing.
Sequential simulation of wheat and urd using DSSAT model in mollisol of Uttrakhand
Authors: NEERAJ KUMAR  , A. S. NAIN  , SUMAN KUMAR
Published: April 2022

CERES wheat and CROPGRO urd model were used for sequential simulation to examine the stability of urd-wheat crop rotation as influenced by the interaction between environment and nutrient status. The results revealed that the CERES wheat and CROPGRO urd model satisfactorily simulated the growth and yield in sequential run. Therefore, the validated model can be further used for applications such as sequential study, crop growth, phenology, potential and actual yields etc. The effects of one crop on soil, water, and nutrient status are carried over to the next crop in the sequence or rotation. These sequences can be efficiently studied by the sequence analysisprogram of DSSAT.
Response of wheat to temperatures as simulated with CERES-wheat model in Tarai region
Authors: R. K. PAL  , N.S. MURTY  , M.M.N. RAO
Published: April 2022

The present investigation was carried out to quantify the impact of change in minimum and maximum temperatures on wheat production in Uttarakhand using CERES-wheat model. Grain and biomass yields as simulated by the CERES-wheat (cv. BPW-343) model were found to have increased significantly due to decrease minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperature units from 1 to 3°C and vice-versa. Generally, minimum temperature has more significant effect than maximum temperature.
Evaluation of FAO-56 Penman–Monteith and alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration using limited climatic data at Pusa
Authors: SUDARSHAN PRASAD  , VISHAL KUMAR
Published: April 2022

The FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method (FAO-56 PM) is standard method recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETO). Unfortunately, some of climatic variables, especially relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed are often missing which could impede the estimation of ETO with the FAO-56 PM method. To overcome the problem of availability of climatic variables, procedures to estimate ETO with missing climate data are proposed as part of the FAO methodology. Therefore, assessing the accuracy of these procedures for Pusa Observatory is important.

The comparison of ETO estimates using limited data to those computed with full data set revealed that the difference between ETO obtained from full and limited data set is small. Both the Mean Bias Error (MBE) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the comparison were less than 0.35 and 1.00 with a minimum of “0.11 and 0.29 mm day”1, respectively, leading to small errors in the ETO estimates. R2, ÷2-test and index of agreement values confirmed strong relationships among data for the year 1998 to 2006.
Agro-climatic zonation of Uttarakhand using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: HIMANI BISHT  , A. S. NAIN  , SHWETA GAUTAM  , HARSH VARDHAN PURANIK
Published: April 2022

The climatic data of 32 stations of Uttarkahand and adjoining region were collected and the thematic layers of climatic parameters, annual average temperature and precipitation were generated using the spatial analyst Extension of ARC-View. The grid interpolation was applied to generate the surface of annual average temperature and later it was rectified with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) prepared with ASTER data and employing environmental lapse rate (0.65oC / 100 m).

Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) embedded in ENVI image processing software was used for agroclimatic zonation of Uttarakhand by considering climatic parameters of annual average temperature and precipitation. During the process of zonation, the temperature map of Uttarakhand was divided into four thermal regimes 1) <00C, 2) 00C - 100C, 3) 100C - 200C and 4) >200C, thereafter, boundaries of the precipitation distribution (in three regimes 1) < 800 mm, 2) 800-1400 mm, and 3) > 1400 mm) in the state have been overlaid on temperature regimes, which divided entire state of Uttarakhand into twelve Agro-climatic zones.
Moisture extraction pattern and ET-yield models in wheat under different management practices in central Punjab
Authors: P.K. KINGRA  , R. K. MAHEY
Published: April 2022

Under water limiting conditions, evaluation of sensitivity of crop growth stages to evapotranspiration is indispensable for efficient and judicious use of irrigation water. The present investigation was carried out at the research farm, School of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during rabi 2006-07 and 2007-08. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with two planting methods i.e. flat planting (F) and planting on raised beds (B) and five irrigation levels. Flat planting method recorded higher soil moisture depletion / ET as compared to bed planting during both the years of investigation. During 2006-07, soil moisture depletion for rainfed and four post-sowing irrigation treatments was 256 and 376 mm for bed planted, whereas it was 285 and 402 mm for flat sown crop, respectively. Similarly during 2007-08, soil water depletion for the corresponding treatments was 286 and 437 mm for bed planted; whereas it was 337 and 467 mm for flat sown crop. Multiplicative and additive ET and yield models suggested reproductive growth to be the most sensitive crop growth stage to soil moisture.
Peningkatan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Unjuk Kerja Tim Dalam Menerapkan Dan Menyusun Dokumen Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Internal (SPMI)
Authors: Sihombing Aman
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertolak dari keterbatasannya pemahaman Tim Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah (TPMPS) terkait penerapan Sistim Penjaminan Mutu Internal Sekolah di SMKN 1 Bojong Gede. Permasalahan tersebut diharapkan dapat teratasi melalui kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh Kepala Sekolah terintegrasi dengan kegiatan pembinaan. Beranjak dari permasalahan tersebut maka sesungguhnya Kepala Sekolah dapat melakukan pembimbingan dan pendampingan terhadap TPMPS yang ada di sekolah melalui kegiatan supervisi yang dapat dilaksanakan secara individual atau kelompok dengan pendekatan kolaboratif dalam melaksanakan Sistim Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Internal sekolah, mulai dari tahap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil unjuk kerja TPMPS dalam pemahaman dan penerapan SPMI sekolah yang akan berimplikasi pada peningkatan kemampuan dan kompetensi TPMPS yang tertuang pada Permendiknas Nomor 28 Tahun 2008, tentang Sistim Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan peneliti pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan (action research) sekolah yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 (dua) Siklus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan yang dilakukan Kepala Sekolah dapat disimpulkan: (1) Melalui kegiatan pendampingan kolaboratif dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dapat meningkatan Aktivitas TPMPS dalam melaksanakan SPMI ; (2) Melalui kegiatan pendampingan kolaboratif dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dapat meningkatan hasil unjuk kerja TPMPS dalam melaksanakan SPMI di SMKN 1 Bojong Gede  pada Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Selanjutnya peneliti merekomendasikan: Supervisi Kolaboratif dapat dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah terhadap guru dalam rangka perbaikan pembelajaran mulai dari tahap perencanaan kegiatan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan evaluasi serta refleksi, khususnya kepada guru-guru binaannya.