bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DPP9 deficiency: An inflammasomopathy that can be rescued by lowering NLRP1/IL-1 signaling
Authors: Harapas Cassandra R. , Robinson Kim S. , Lay Kenneth , Wong Jasmine , Moreno Traspas Ricardo , Nabavizadeh Nasrin , Rass-Rothschild Annick , Boisson Bertrand , Drutman Scott B. , Laohamonthonkul Pawat , Bonner Devon , Xiong Jingwei Rachel , Gorrell Mark D. , Davidson Sophia , Yu Chien-Hsiung , Fleming Mark D. , Gudera Jonas , Stein Jerry , Ben-Harosh Miriam , Groopman Emily , Shimamura Akiko , Tamary Hannah , Kayserili Hülya , Hatipoğlu Nevin , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Zhong Franklin L. , Masters Seth L. , Reversade Bruno
Published: September 2022

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a direct inhibitor of NLRP1, but how it affects inflammasome regulation in vivo is not yet established. Here, we report three families with immune-associated defects, poor growth, pancytopenia, and skin pigmentation abnormalities that segregate with biallelic
DPP9
rare variants. Using patient-derived primary cells and biochemical assays, these variants were shown to behave as hypomorphic or knockout alleles that failed to repress NLRP1. The removal of a single copy of
Nlrp1a/b/c
,
Asc
,
Gsdmd
, or
Il-1r
, but not
Il-18
, was sufficient to rescue the lethality of
Dpp9
mutant neonates in mice. Similarly,
dpp9
deficiency was partially rescued by the inactivation of
asc
, an obligate downstream adapter of the NLRP1 inflammasome, in zebrafish. These experiments suggest that the deleterious consequences of DPP9 deficiency were mostly driven by the aberrant activation of the canonical NLRP1 inflammasome and IL-1β signaling. Collectively, our results delineate a Mendelian disorder of DPP9 deficiency driven by increased NLRP1 activity as demonstrated in patient cells and in two animal models of the disease.
C/EBPβ regulates lipid metabolism and
Pparg
isoform 2 expression in alveolar macrophages
Authors: Dörr Dorothea , Obermayer Benedikt , Weiner January Mikolaj , Zimmermann Karin , Anania Chiara , Wagner Lisa Katharina , Lyras Ekaterini Maria , Sapozhnikova Valeriia , Lara-Astiaso David , Prósper Felipe , Lang Roland , Lupiáñez Darío G. , Beule Dieter , Höpken Uta E. , Leutz Achim , Mildner Alexander
Published: September 2022

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by accumulation of surfactant lipoproteins within the lung alveoli. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are crucial for surfactant clearance, and their differentiation depends on colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), which regulates the establishment of an AM-characteristic gene regulatory network. Here, we report that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is essential for the development of the AM identity, as demonstrated by transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis. Furthermore, C/EBPβ-deficient AMs showed severe defects in proliferation, phagocytosis, and lipid metabolism, collectively resulting in a PAP-like syndrome. Mechanistically, the long C/EBPβ protein variants LAP* and LAP together with CSF2 signaling induced the expression of
Pparg
isoform 2 but not
Pparg
isoform 1, a molecular regulatory mechanism that was also observed in other CSF2-primed macrophages. These results uncover C/EBPβ as a key regulator of AM cell fate and shed light on the molecular networks controlling lipid metabolism in macrophages.
Improvement of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production Mediated by Calcium Signaling in Bacillus subtilis Z2 under Graphene Oxide Stress
Authors: Liu Shuai , Gao Yuwei , Quan Lin , Yang Mei , Wang Yong-Zhong , Hou Changjun
Published: September 2022

To effectively convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars, high lignocellulolytic enzyme loading is needed. Graphene oxide (GO) has been shown to promote exoenzyme (lignocellulolytic enzyme, amylase, peptidase, and protease) production in some microorganisms; however, the regulatory mechanism of the biosynthesis of lignocellulolytic enzymes under GO stress remains unclear.
Identification of the BolA Protein Reveals a Novel Virulence Factor in K. pneumoniae That Contributes to Survival in Host
Authors: Zhang Feiyang , Yan Xiangjin , Bai Jiawei , Xiang Li , Ding Manlin , Li Qin , Zhang Biying , Liang Qinghua , Zhou Yingshun
Published: September 2022

BolA has been characterized as an important transcriptional regulator, which is induced in the stationary phase of growth and affects different pathways directly associated with bacterial virulence. Here, we unraveled the role of BolA in several phenotypes associated with the process of cell morphology, siderophore production, biofilm formation, cell adhesion, tissue colonization, and liver abscess.
Addressing a Rule of Thumb: Modeling the Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Prescription of Antimicrobials in Aquaculture
Authors: Rømer Villumsen Kasper , Bojesen Anders Miki
Published: September 2022

Global aquaculture production has been rapidly increasing for decades and is set to play a pivotal role in feeding a growing human population. Along with the growth in aquaculture production, the annual global use of antimicrobials is estimated to increase by one-third between 2017 and 2030.
Plio-Pleistocene cooling of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau due to global climate change and surface uplift
Authors: Richter Fabiana , Garzione Carmala N. , Liu Weiguo , Qiang Xiaoke , Chang Hong , Cheng Feng , Li Xiangzhong , Tripati Aradhna
Published: September 2022

It has been proposed that the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) was the most recent plateau sub-region to gain elevation, leading to profound environmental changes in northern East Asia around the mid-Pliocene (ca. 3.6 Ma). Alternatively, environmental changes in the region have been linked to ongoing global cooling and glacial intensification after 3.3 Ma. Here, we test these hypotheses using Plio-Pleistocene estimates of paleotemperatures and paleoelevations in the NETP derived from oxygen and carbon stable isotopic composition (n = 792) and clumped isotope measurements (n = 32) of carbonates from a Lake Qinghai Basin sediment core, eastern NETP. From 5 to 2 Ma, basinal mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) decreased by 4.9 ± 2.8 °C at rates of 1.6 °C ± 0.5 °C/myr, concurrently with regional and global cooling. However, the largest MAAT decline occurs between ca. 4.8−3.7 Ma (4.1 ± 3.2 °C) and ca. 3.4−2.0 Ma (−0.3 ± 2.8 °C) and may correspond with an elevation change of 1.0 ± 1.0 km at 3.6 Ma, coincident with tectonic activity in the Lake Qinghai Basin and several other basins in the NETP and its foreland. Taken together, these results suggest a combination of global cooling and a small magnitude of surface uplift (<1 km) at ca. 3.6 Ma may have contributed to the regional evolution of climate in the Lake Qinghai Basin.
How headward erosion breaches upstream paleolakes: Insights from dated longitudinal fluvial terrace correlations within the Sanmen Gorge, Yellow River
Authors: Liang Hao , Zhang Ke , Li Zhongyun , Fu Jianli , Yu Zhangxin , Xiong Jianguo , Li Xiaoyang , Ma Zhanwu , Huang Ping , Li Zhigang , Zhang Yipeng , Hui Gege , Tian Qinying , Wang Weitao , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen
Published: September 2022

Headward erosion breaching a formerly closed paleolake has been interpreted as an integration process between individual drainage networks. However, the rarity of well-documented cases of this process makes it difficult to explore the fluvial response or its mechanism. Fortunately, dated deposits from a former paleolake in the Fenwei Basin, coupled with fluvial terraces along the Sanmen Gorge of the Yellow River, provide ample opportunities to replicate the upstream integration process and associated landform response. Herein, we applied terrace correlation and age constraints to construct dated longitudinal profiles throughout the Fenwei Basin and the downstream Sanmen Gorge. We identified two age models in longitudinal profiles: (1) relatively high diachronous terraces (Terrace series A) aged headward from ca. 621 ka to 336 ka, localized in the Sanmen Gorge; and (2) relatively low isochronous terraces (Terrace series B) capped by S2 paleosol (ca. 245−190 ka) developed throughout the basin and the gorge. This study hypothesized these two terrace series to have emerged as a mid-Pleistocene bottom-up integration event. In this event, headward incision initiated at least at ca. 621 ka, progressed upstream at a rate of 79.8 mm/a, and breached the Fenwei Basin at ca. 245 ka. This event is likely ascribed to tectonic subsidence of the North China Plain, and may be the latest integration process between the middle and lower reach of the Yellow River. We synthesize comprehensive models to describe terrace genesis and responses in tectonic, climatic, and bottom-up integration processes, which could widen our understanding of long-term large river behaviors.
Disparities in intimate partner violence among women at the intersection of disability and HIV status in South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akobirshoev Ilhom , Valentine Anne , Zandam Hussaini , Nandakumar Allyala , Jewkes Rachel , Blecher Mark , Mitra Monika
Published: September 2022

Objective

Previous research suggests a significant relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV infection in women and that the risk of IPV is heightened in women with disabilities. Women with disabilities, particularly those residing in low-income and middle-income countries, may experience additional burdens that increase their vulnerability to IPV. We aimed to examine the association between having disability and HIV infection and the risk of IPV among women in South Africa.

Design

Using the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey, we calculated the prevalence of IPV and conducted modified Poisson regressions to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios of experiencing IPV by disability and HIV status.

Participants

Our final analytical sample included 1269 ever-partnered women aged 18–49 years, who responded to the IPV module and received HIV testing.

Results

The prevalence of IPV was twice as high in women with disabilities with HIV infection compared with women without disabilities without HIV infection (21.2% vs 50.1%). Our unadjusted regression analysis showed that compared with women without disabilities without HIV infection, women with disabilities with HIV infection had almost four times higher odds (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.27 to 10.9, p<0.05) of experiencing IPV. It appeared that women with disabilities with HIV infection experience compounded disparity. The association was compounded, with the OR for the combination of disability status and HIV status equal to or more than the sum of each of the individual ORs.

Conclusions

Women with disabilities and HIV infection are at exceptionally high risk of IPV in South Africa. Given that HIV infection and disability magnify each other’s risks for IPV, targeted interventions to prevent IPV and to address the complex and varied needs of doubly marginalised populations of women with disabilities with HIV infection are critical.
Development of a multidimensional culturally and socially inclusive measure of factors that support resilience: Child Resilience Questionnaire-Child report (CRQ-C)—a community-based participatory research and psychometric testing study in Australia
Authors: Gartland Deirdre , Riggs Elisha , Giallo Rebecca , Glover Karen , Stowe Mardi , Mongta Sharon , Weetra Donna , Brown Stephanie Janne
Published: September 2022

Objective

Development and testing of a comprehensive and social and culturally inclusive child-report measure of resilience factors supporting positive outcomes in the face of adversity.

Design

The measure is based on a socioecological model of resilience and was developed and revised using community-based participatory research methods with Aboriginal and refugee background communities. Pilot testing and validation of the child-report version (Child Resilience Questionnaire-Child report (CRQ- C)) is described in this paper.

Setting

Australia.

Participants

Children aged 7–12 years from culturally and socially diverse backgrounds completed the CRQ- C in the pilot (n=387) and validation study (n=775). Families recruited via hospital clinics, Aboriginal and refugee background communities and nested follow-up of participants in an existing cohort study.

Analysis

The factor structure and construct validity of CRQ-C scales were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Preliminary assessment of criterion validity was conducted usinghe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Internal consistency of final scales was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results

Conceptually developed CRQ-C was over inclusive of resilience factors and items. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses supported 10 subscales reflecting personal resilience factors (positive self/future, managing emotions) and connectedness to family, school and culture. Excellent scale reliability (α=0.7–0.9) for all but one scale (Friends, α=0.6). Significant negative correlation between CRQ-C and SDQ total difficulty score supporting criterion validity (rs=−0.317, p<0.001).

Conclusion

The CRQ-C is a new culturally and socially inclusive self-report measure of resilience factors in childhood, with demonstrated content, construct and scale reliability. Further testing of criterion validity required. Availability of child and parent report CRQ supports broad applications in clinical, research and intervention work. Socially inclusive and culturally appropriate tools are fundamental to create the evidence needed to assess and guide intervention efforts.
Health literacy as a key to improving weight status among Palestinian adolescents living in chronic conflict conditions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarhan Mohammed B A , Fujiya Rika , Shibanuma Akira , Giacaman Rita , Kiriya Junko , Kitamura Akiko , Jimba Masamine
Published: September 2022

Objective

To examine the moderating role of health literacy in the association between direct exposure to violence and weight status among Palestinian adolescents.

Design

A household cross-sectional study conducted in 2017.

Setting

A Palestinian district of the West Bank.

Participants

Palestinian adolescents aged 11–16 years.

Results

After excluding underweight adolescents from the 1200 who were initially recruited, the data of 1173 adolescents were analysed. A high proportion (62%) of adolescents were directly exposed to violence. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 6.5% and 17.1%, respectively. The odds of obesity and overweight were 2.8 and 1.8 times higher among adolescents who were not exposed to domestic and school violence when they had low health literacy in the communication subscale. The odds of obesity were 62% and 57% lower among adolescents with high functional health literacy when exposed to domestic and school violence and to any form of violence, respectively. Among adolescents who were not exposed to any form of violence, those who had high health literacy in the communication subscale were 72% less likely to be obese compared with those who had low health literacy.

Conclusions

Health literacy moderated the association between direct exposure to violence and weight status. When health literacy levels were higher, lower obesity rates were observed among adolescents who were directly exposed to any form of violence or exposed either to political violence only or domestic and school violence only. The results warrant further investigation of the role of health literacy in adolescent health. It is recommended that policy-makers integrate the health literacy concept into both education and health systems.
The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 study: a population-based multigenerational prospective cohort study of socioemotional health and development
Authors: Olsson Craig A , Letcher Primrose , Greenwood Christopher J , McIntosh Jennifer E , Barker Sophie , Olsson Catherine M , Macdonald Jacqui A , Spry Elizabeth A , Hutchinson Delyse , Ryan Joanne , Edwards Benjamin , McGee Rob , Patton George C , Sanson Ann V
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study (ATPG3) was established to examine the extent to which offspring social and emotional development is shaped in the decades prior to conception, in parent and grandparent histories of psychosocial adjustment (eg, emotional regulation, relationship quality and prosociality) and maladjustment (eg, depressive symptoms, substance use and antisociality).

Participants

The Australian Temperament Project (ATP) commenced in 1983 as a population representative survey of the social and emotional health of 2443 young Australians (Generation 2: 4–8 months old) and their parents (Generation 1). Since then, families have been followed from infancy to young adulthood (16 waves). Between 2012 and 2018, the cohort was screened biannually for pregnancies (Generation 3), with assessments conducted in the third trimester of pregnancy, and at 8 weeks and 1 year postpartum.

Findings to date

A total of 1167 offspring (607 female) born to 703 Generation 2 parents (400 mothers) were recruited into the ATPG3 Study. Findings to date highlight: (1) strong continuities in depressive symptoms and substance use from adolescence through to becoming a parent; (2) a role for persistent preconception mental health problems in risk for parent–child bonding difficulties, as well as infant emotional reactivity and behaviour problems; (3) the importance of secure attachments in adolescence in reducing long-term risk for postpartum mental health problems; and (4) the protective nature of perceived social support, both preconception and postpartum, in strengthening relationship quality and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Future plans

Assessments of ATPG3 families in preschool and middle childhood are currently funded and underway. We intend to maintain the offspring cohort through childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and into parenthood. Data will be used to map preconception determinants of emotional health, and enhance approaches to population monitoring and targeted intervention over the life course and across generations.
Predictors of response rates of safety culture questionnaires in healthcare: a systematic review and analysis
Authors: Ellis Louise A , Pomare Chiara , Churruca Kate , Carrigan Ann , Meulenbroeks Isabelle , Saba Maree , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Safety culture questionnaires are widely used in healthcare to understand how staff feel at work, their attitudes and views, and the influence this has on safe and high-quality patient care. A known challenge of safety culture questionnaires is achieving high response rates to enhance reliability and validity. This review examines predictors of response rates, explores reasons provided for low response rates and identifies strategies to improve those rates.

Methods

Four bibliometric databases were searched for studies assessing safety culture in hospitals from January 2008 to May 2022. Data were extracted from 893 studies that included a safety culture questionnaire conducted in the hospital setting. Regression was used to predict response rate based on recruitment and data collection methods (incentives, reminders, method of survey administration) and country income classification. Reasons for low response were thematically analysed and used to identify strategies to improve response rates.

Results

Of the 893 studies that used a questionnaire to assess safety culture in hospitals, 75.6% reported a response rate. Response rates varied from 4.2% to 100%, with a mean response rate of 66.5% (SD=21.0). Regression analyses showed that safety culture questionnaires conducted in low-income and middle-income countries were significantly more likely to yield a higher response rate compared with high-income countries. Mode of administration, questionnaire length and timing of administration were identified as key factors. Remote methods of questionnaire data collection (electronic and by post) were significantly less likely to result in a higher response rate. Reasons provided for low response included: survey fatigue, time constraints, and lack of resources.

Conclusion

This review presents strategies for researchers and hospital staff to implement when conducting safety culture questionnaires: principally, distribute questionnaires in-person, during meetings or team training sessions; use a local champion; and consider the appropriate time of distribution to manage survey fatigue.
Medical, behavioural and social preconception and interconception risk factors among pregnancy planning and recently pregnant Canadian women
Authors: Dennis Cindy-Lee , Prioreschi Alessandra , Brown Hilary K , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Bell Rhonda C , Atkinson Stephanie , Misita Dragana , Marini Flavia , Carsley Sarah , Jiwani-Ebrahim Nilusha , Birken Catherine
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The objective of this study is to describe the clustering of medical, behavioural and social preconception and interconception health risk factors and determine demographic factors associated with these risk clusters among Canadian women.

Design

Cross-sectional data were collected via an online questionnaire assessing a range of preconception risk factors. Prevalence of each risk factor and the total number of risk factors present was calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models determined which demographic factors were associated with having greater than the mean number of risk factors. Exploratory factor analysis determined how risk factors clustered, and Spearman’s r determined how demographic characteristics related to risk factors within each cluster.

Setting

Canada.

Participants

Participants were recruited via advertisements on public health websites, social media, parenting webpages and referrals from ongoing studies or existing research datasets. Women were eligible to participate if they could read and understand English, were able to access a telephone or the internet, and were either planning a first pregnancy (preconception) or had ≥1 child in the past 5 years and were thus in the interconception period.

Results

Most women (n=1080) were 34 or older, and were in the interconception period (98%). Most reported risks in only one of the 12 possible risk factor categories (55%), but women reported on average 4 risks each. Common risks were a history of caesarean section (33.1%), miscarriage (27.2%) and high birth weight (13.5%). Just over 40% had fair or poor eating habits, and nearly half were not getting enough physical activity. Three-quarters had a body mass index indicating overweight or obesity. Those without a postsecondary degree (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.74 to 3.17) and single women (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.96) had over twice the odds of having more risk factors. Those with two children or more had 60% lower odds of having more risk factors (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.86). Low education and being born outside Canada were correlated with the greatest number of risk clusters.

Conclusions

Many of the common risk factors were behavioural and thus preventable. Understanding which groups of women are prone to certain risk behaviours provides opportunities for researchers and policy-makers to target interventions more efficiently and effectively.
HSP90α induces immunosuppressive myeloid cells in melanoma via TLR4 signaling
Authors: Arkhypov Ihor , Özbay Kurt Feyza Gül , Bitsch Rebekka , Novak Daniel , Petrova Vera , Lasser Samantha , Hielscher Thomas , Groth Christopher , Lepper Alisa , Hu Xiaoying , Li Wei , Utikal Jochen , Altevogt Peter , Umansky Viktor
Published: September 2022

Background

Tumor cells modulate host immunity by secreting extracellular vesicles (EV) and soluble factors. Their interactions with myeloid cells lead to the generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which inhibit the antitumor function of T and NK cells. We demonstrated previously that EV derived from mouse and human melanoma cells induced immunosuppressive activity via increased expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on myeloid cells that was dependent on the heat-shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in EV. Here, we investigated whether soluble HSP90α could convert monocytes into MDSC.

Methods

CD14 monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors, incubated with human recombinant HSP90α (rHSP90α) alone or in the presence of inhibitors of TLR4 signaling and analyzed by flow cytometry. Inhibition of T cell proliferation assay was applied to assess the immunosuppressive function of rHSP90α-treated monocytes. HSP90α levels were measured by ELISA in plasma of patients with advanced melanoma and correlated with clinical outcome.

Results

We found that the incubation of monocytes with rHSP90α resulted in a strong upregulation of PD-L1 expression, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the expression of arginase-1, ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 remained unchanged. The PD-L1 upregulation was blocked by anti-TLR4 antibodies and a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor. rHSP90α-treated monocytes displayed the downregulation of HLA-DR expression and acquired the resistance to apoptosis. Moreover, these monocytes were converted into MDSC as indicated by their capacity to inhibit T cell proliferation, which was mediated by TLR4 signaling as well as PD-L1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) 1 expression. Higher levels of HSP90α in plasma of patients with melanoma correlated with augmented PD-L1 expression on circulating monocytic (M)-MDSC. Patients with melanoma with high levels of HSP90α displayed shorter progression-free survival (PFS) on the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that soluble rHSP90α increased the resistance of normal human monocytes to apoptosis and converted them into immunosuppressive MDSC via TLR4 signaling that stimulated PD-L1 and IDO-1 expression. Furthermore, patients with melanoma with high concentrations of HSP90α displayed increased PD-L1 expression on M-MDSC and reduced PFS after ICI therapy, suggesting HSP90α as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming immunosuppression in melanoma.
Mode of anesthesia is not associated with outcomes following emergency hip fracture surgery: a population-level cohort study
Authors: Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Bass Gary Alan , Trivedi Dhanisha Jayesh , Ekestubbe Lovisa , Ioannidis Ioannis , Duffy Caoimhe C , Peden Carol J , Mohseni Shahin
Published: September 2022

Background

Hip fractures often occur in frail patients with several comorbidities. In those undergoing emergency surgery, determining the optimal anesthesia modality may be challenging, with equipoise concerning outcomes following either spinal or general anesthesia. In this study, we investigated the association between mode of anesthesia and postoperative morbidity and mortality with subgroup analyses.

Methods

This is a retrospective study using all consecutive adult patients who underwent emergency hip fracture surgery in Orebro County, Sweden, between 2013 and 2017. Patients were extracted from the Swedish National Hip Fracture Registry, and their electronic medical records were reviewed. The association between the type of anesthesia and 30-day and 90-day postoperative mortality, as well as in-hospital severe complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥3a), was analyzed using Poisson regression models with robust SEs, while the association with 1-year mortality was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 2437 hip fracture cases were included in the study, of whom 60% received spinal anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of 30-day postoperative mortality (adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI): 0.99 (0.72 to 1.36), p=0.952), 90-day postoperative mortality (adjusted IRR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.70 to 1.11), p=0.281), 1-year postoperative mortality (adjusted HR (95% CI): 0.98 (0.83 to 1.15), p=0.773), or in-hospital severe complications (adjusted IRR (95% CI): 1.24 (0.85 to 1.82), p=0.273), when comparing general and spinal anesthesia.

Conclusions

Mode of anesthesia during emergency hip fracture surgery was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality or in-hospital severe complications in the study population or any of the investigated subgroups.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic/Care Management, level III
Anisotropic solution for polytropic stars in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Maurya S. K. , Bhar Piyali , Nag Riju
Published: September 2022

In the present work we have investigated a new anisotropic solution for polytropic stars in the framework of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. The possibility of determining the masses and radii of compact stars which puts some limitations on equation of state (EoS) above the nuclear saturation density. For this purpose, the 4D EGB field equations are solved by taking a generalized polytropic equation of state (EoS) with Finch–Skea ansatz. The generalized solution for anisotropic model has been tested for different values of Gauss–Bonnet constant $$\alpha $$
α
which satisfies all the physical criteria including causality with static stability via mass vs central mass density ($$M-\rho _c$$

M
-

ρ
c

), Bondi and Abreu criterion. The adiabatic index shows a minor influence of the GB coupling constant whereas the central and surface redshifts in the EGB gravity always remain lower than the GR. We present the possibility of fitting the mass and radius for some known compact star via $$M-R$$

M
-
R

curve which satisfies the recent gravitational wave observations from GW 170817 event.
When low-order expansions fail and all higher-order contributions matter—basic example of the mean squared displacement for Brownian motion
Authors: Menzel Andreas M.
Published: September 2022

Hardly any theoretically formulated realistic problem can be solved exactly. Therefore, as a standard, we resort to approximations. In this context, expansions play a major role. We are used to relying on lowest-order expansions and confining our point of view accordingly. However, one should always bear in mind that such considerations may fail at some point. Here, we address a very common example situation, namely, the motion of a Brownian particle. We know that the associated mean-squared displacement in the long term increases linearly in time. Yet, when we take the Fokker–Planck approach in combination with a low-order expansion, the direct route towards this result fails. That is, in the expansion the term linear in time vanishes. Instead, the treatment requires consideration ofallhigher-order contributions. Together, they restore the linear increase in time. In this way, we stress that care is always mandatory when resorting to low-order expansions, and we present in a traceable way a route to solving the considered problem.
On invariants for surface-links in entropic magmas via marked graph diagrams
Authors: Choi Seonmi , Kim Seongjeong
Published: September 2022

Niebrzydowski and Przytycki defined a Kauffman bracket magma and constructed the invariant [Formula: see text] of framed links in [Formula: see text]-space. The invariant is closely related to the Kauffman bracket polynomial. The normalized bracket polynomial is obtained from the Kauffman bracket polynomial by the multiplication of indeterminate and it is an ambient isotopy invariant for links. In this paper, we reformulate the multiplication by using a map from the set of framed links to a Kauffman bracket magma in order that [Formula: see text] is invariant for links in [Formula: see text]-space. We define a generalization of a Kauffman bracket magma, which is called a marked Kauffman bracket magma. We find the conditions to be invariant under Yoshikawa moves except the first one and use a map from the set of admissible marked graph diagrams to a marked Kauffman bracket magma to obtain the invariant for surface-links in [Formula: see text]-space.
Adaptive Learning Rate Residual Network Based on Physics-Informed for Solving Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Niu Ruiping , Li Ming , Yue Junhong
Published: September 2022

Recently, Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solving various types of partial differential equations (PDEs) such as Poisson equation, Klein–Gordon equation, and diffusion equation. However, it is difficult to obtain higher accurate solutions, especially at the boundary due to the gradient imbalance of different loss terms for the PINN model. In this work, an adaptive learning rate residual network algorithm based on physics-informed (adaptive-PIRN) is proposed to overcome this limitation of the PINN model. In the adaptive-PIRN model, an adaptive learning rate technique is introduced to adaptively configure appropriate weights to the residual loss of the governing equation and the loss of initial/boundary conditions (I/BCs) by utilizing gradient statistics, which can alleviate gradient imbalance of different loss terms in PINN. Besides, based on the idea of ResNet, the “short connection” technique is used in adaptive-PIRN model, which can ensure that the original information is identically mapped. This structure has stronger expressive capabilities than fully connected neural networks and can avoid gradient disappearance. Finally, three different types of PDE are conducted to demonstrate predictive accuracy of our model. In addition, it is clearly observed from the results that the adaptive-PIRN can balance the gradient of loss items to a great extent, which improves the effectiveness of this network.
Ergodic stationary distribution of two stochastic tuberculosis models with imperfect vaccination and early and late latency
Authors: Jiang Qian , Liu Zhijun
Published: September 2022

This contribution probes into ergodic stationary distribution for two stochastic SVELIT (susceptible-vaccinated-early latent-late latent-infective-treated) tuberculosis (TB) models to observe the impact of white noises and color noises on TB control in random environments. We first investigate the existence and uniqueness of ergodic stationary distribution (EUESD) for the autonomous SVELIT model subject to white noises via the proper Lyapunov functions, and sufficient conditions on the extinction of disease are acquired. Next, sufficient conditions for the EUESD and the extinction of disease for the SVELIT model with Markov switching are also established. Eventually, some numerical examples validate the theoretical findings. What’s more, it has been observed that higher amplitude noises may lead to the eradication of TB, which is conducive to TB control.
Bounds on the Steiner radius of a graph
Authors: Ali Patrick , Baskoro Edy Tri
Published: September 2022

For a connected graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] and a set [Formula: see text], the Steiner distance of [Formula: see text] is the minimum number of edges in a connected subgraph of [Formula: see text] containing [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is an integer, [Formula: see text] and a vertex [Formula: see text], the Steiner [Formula: see text]-eccentricity of a vertex [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], is the maximum Steiner distance of all [Formula: see text]-subsets of [Formula: see text] containing [Formula: see text]. The Steiner [Formula: see text]-radius of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], is the minimum Steiner [Formula: see text]-eccentricities of all vertices in [Formula: see text]. We give bounds on [Formula: see text] in terms of the order of [Formula: see text] and the minimum degree of [Formula: see text] for all graphs and for graphs that contain no triangles. We shall also investigate the relation between the [Formula: see text]-radius of a graph [Formula: see text] and its complement [Formula: see text].
Effect of Li2CO3 addition on structural and electrical properties of 0.7 BiFeO3–0.3BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramic
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Chen Jianguo
Published: September 2022

In this work, Li2CO3 was added into 0.7[Formula: see text]0.3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.01molMnO2 (70BFBTMn) piezoelectric ceramics to reduce their sintering temperatures. 70BFBTMn ceramics were sintered by a conventional solid reaction method, and their structural, dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties were studied. These results indicate that 0.5% (mole) Li2CO3 is the optimized content and it can reduce the sintering temperature by 100[Formula: see text]C, making the possibility of the piezoelectric ceramics cofiring with Ag electrodes at low temperatures to manufacture multilayer piezoelectric actuators.
A Chinese Perspective on Public Cyber Attribution
Authors: Lu Chuanying , Zhang Luyao
Published: September 2022

Public cyber attribution has gone far beyond a technical issue and has escalated into political warfare. Nowadays, various attributors (government agencies, tech companies, and consulting firms) are publishing attribution reports for many purposes, creating confusion in attribution operations. When it comes to attribution disputes between China and the United States, things are more complicated. Public attribution carried out by the United States against China not only deviates from reasonable range and track but also causes a great negative impact on the US–China cyber interactions. On the one hand, this problem is due to the perceptional differences between the two countries on public attribution. On the other hand, it is also due to the dislocation of attribution procedures. Also, deliberate intervention at the political level cannot be ignored. Building political confidence, achieving mutual understanding of procedures, and bridging perceptional gaps in public attribution have become key steps toward closer Sino-US cooperation in cyberspace. Washington and Beijing need to reconsider the effectiveness of public attribution and its wider implications for bilateral relations, take cautious, responsible, and mutually agreed public attribution operations, establish a regime within the United Nations framework, and increase dialogue and communication on public attribution.
Using Decision Tree Classification and AdaBoost Classification to Build the Abnormal Data Monitoring System of Financial Accounting in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Jiang Yan
Published: September 2022

In order to better solve the problems of low efficiency, large consumption of human resources, and relatively low degree of intelligence in the abnormal data monitoring system of financial accounting in colleges and universities under the background of current accounting computerization, this article takes data mining and neural network algorithm as the technical basis to build the abnormal data monitoring system of financial accounting in colleges and universities. This article uses data mining algorithm and neural network analysis technology to process the original accounting information of colleges and universities, effectively eliminate invalid data, retain valuable data, and improve the detection efficiency of abnormal accounting data. The system test results show that the accuracy of identifying 50 abnormal situations in the original accounting data of colleges and universities is more than 90% by using data mining and neural network model.
Macrophage Infiltration Initiates RIP3/MLKL-Dependent Necroptosis in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Ma Dongyang , Wang Xiuli , Liu Xin , Li Zhao , Liu Jiaxin , Cao Jing , Wang Guiying , Guo Yuexian , Zhao Shuang
Published: September 2022

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a commonly used antitumor drug. Approximately 80% of all patients receiving PTX chemotherapy develop chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), limiting the use of PTX. Moreover, CIPN responds poorly to conventional analgesics. Experimental evidence suggests that the neuroinflammatory response plays an essential role in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). Previous studies have confirmed that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron necroptosis and accompanying inflammation are linked with PIPN; however, the potential upstream regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinical studies have also established that macrophage infiltration in the DRG is associated with PIPN. TNF-α released by activated macrophages is the primary regulatory signal of necroptosis. In this study, we established a rat model of PIPN via quartic PTX administration (accumulated dose: 8 mg/kg, i.p.). The regulatory effect of macrophage infiltration on necroptosis in PIPN was observed using a macrophage scavenging agent (clodronate disodium). The results showed that PTX increased macrophage infiltration and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the DRG. PTX also upregulated the levels of necroptosis-related proteins, including receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in DRG neurons and promoted MLKL phosphorylation, resulting in neuronal necrosis and hyperalgesia. In contrast, clodronate disodium effectively removed macrophages, reduced the levels of RIP3, MLKL, and pMLKL, and decreased the number of necrotic cells in the DRG of PIPN rats, alleviating the behavioral pain abnormalities. These results suggest that PTX promotes macrophage infiltration, which results in the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in the DRG and the initiation of neuronal necroptosis via the RIP3/MLKL pathway, ultimately leading to neuropathic pain.
Cyclic Behavior of Retrofitted Low- and High-Strength Concrete Scaled Bridge Piers under Quasistatic Loading
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Khalid , Khan Qaiser-uz-Zaman , Ahmad Sohaib
Published: September 2022

Bridges are vulnerable to devastation in the earthquake, resulting in the closure of the whole transport system of the particular region. Generally, pre-Kashmir earthquake bridges in Pakistan were not designed according to present seismic zoning requirements. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate their seismic performance and accordingly enhance their strength, stiffness, and thus reliability. Seismic retrofitting of existing bridges with CFRPs (carbon fiber-reinforced polymers) may be planned for typical bridge types of Pakistan. High-strength concrete (HSC) is now widely used in bridge construction, and the seismic behavior of typical bridge piers being a key component needs to be assessed. This investigation aims to evaluate the seismic performance of HSC piers before and after retrofitting in association with the earlier research in Pakistan on low-strength concrete prototypes. An experimental program was executed wherein scaled-down (4 : 1) HSC (6192 psi) RC bridge pier prototypes with axial load at the top were subjected to quasistatic cyclic loadings (QSCLs) under controlled drifts. The damaged pier prototypes were retrofitted with CFRP sheets beside another set of undamaged retrofitted models. The samples were tested under QSCL against several drift levels ranging from 0 to 5%. Hysteresis loops were drawn for each sample. The tests were studied for the assessment of the structural behavior of the prototypes. The results for the control models, damaged retrofitted models, and undamaged retrofitted models of low-strength concrete (LSC, 1800 psi and 2400 psi) obtained from doctoral research by Ali and Iqbal were compared with corresponding models of high-strength concrete (6192 psi). The outcomes clearly show a noteworthy increase in lateral load carrying capacity, ductility, strength, and energy absorption on an increase in concrete strength and retrofitting of the prototypes. The numerical modeling of these piers was in consistence with the experimental results. When retrofitted with CFRP, the existing bridge piers will enable the bridge stock to withstand high-intensity future earthquakes and lessen their seismic vulnerability against prospective damages.
Three-Phase Load Prediction-Based Hybrid Convolution Neural Network Combined Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory in Solar Power Plant
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsing , Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Yeh Chao-Tsung , Cho Ming-Yuan
Published: September 2022

The economic renewable energy generations have been rapidly developed because of the sharp reduction in the costs of solar panels. It is imperative to forecast the three-phase load power for more effective energy planning and optimization in a smart solar microgrid installed on a building in the Linyuan District, Taiwan. To alleviate this problem, this article proposes a convolution neural network bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN-Bi-LSTM) to accurately predict the short-term three-phase load power in building the energy management system in the smart solar microgrid with the collected data from advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), which have not been investigated before. The three-phase load-predicting methodology is developed using weather parameters and different collected data from AMI. The project evaluates the performance of the CNN-Bi-LSTM model by utilizing hyper-parameter optimization to attain the optimum parameters. The prediction models are trained based on hourly historical input features, selected based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. The performances’ optimal structure CNN-Bi-LSTM are validated and compared with the bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), LSTM, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and the recurrent neural network (RNN) models. The obtained optimized structure of CNN-Bi-LSTM demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed models in the short-term prediction of three-phase load power in a smart solar microgrid for building with a maximum enhancement of 68.36% and 8.81% average MSE, and 30.26% and 36.36% average MAE during the testing and validating operations.
Acoustic Model with Multiple Lexicon Types for Indonesian Speech Recognition
Authors: Abidin Taufik Fuadi , Misbullah Alim , Ferdhiana Ridha , Farsiah Laina , Aksana Muammar Zikri , Riza Hammam
Published: September 2022

Currently, speech recognition datasets are increasingly available freely in various languages. However, speech recognition datasets in the Indonesian language are still challenging to obtain. Consequently, research focusing on speech recognition is challenging to carry out. This research creates Indonesian speech recognition datasets from YouTube channels with subtitles by validating all utterances of downloaded audio to improve the data quality. The quality of the dataset was evaluated using a deep neural network. The time delay neural network (TDNN) was used to build the acoustic model by applying the alignment data from the Gaussian mixture model-hidden Markov model (GMM-HMM). Data augmentation was used to increase the number of validated datasets and enhance the performance of the acoustic model. The results show that the acoustic model built using the validated datasets is better than the unvalidated datasets for all types of lexicons. Utilizing the four lexicon types and increasing the data through augmentation to train the acoustic models can lower the word error rate percentage in the GMM-HMM, TDNN factorization (TDNNF), and CNN-TDNNF-augmented models to 40.85%, 24.96%, and 19.03%, respectively.