bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El juicio moral y la decisión de compra de productos falsificados
Authors: de Lucio Juan , Valero Manuel
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto que tiene el juicio moral, tanto colectivo como individual, en la adquisición de productos falsificados. Un segundo objetivo es identificar en qué medida la intención de compra de falsificaciones es útil como indicador de la decisión final de compra de estos productos. Los resultados muestran que un juicio moral más severo en relación con la compra de falsificaciones, tanto del entorno del consumidor como del individuo, reduce la intención de compra y la compra efectiva. El entorno tiene una influencia superior al juicio moral individual principalmente en la intención de compra. Sin embargo, en el momento de la compra efectiva, el juicio individual adquiere una relevancia algo superior, mientras que el entorno reduce su influencia. Dadas estas diferencias en la intensidad de los efectos de las distintas variables cuando se analiza la intención de compra y la compra efectiva, es recomendable analizar la decisión real de adquisición. En ambos casos, tanto el juicio moral del individuo como el de su entorno son variables explicativas con efectos muy significativos.
Aseguramiento de la calidad y satisfacción con sus resultados: una aplicación a la implantación de la Norma EN 9100 en el sector aeroespacial español
Authors: del Castillo Peces Carlos , Mercado Idoeta Carmelo , Prado Román Camilo
Published: September 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la influencia de determinados factores sobre la satisfacción derivada de los efectos positivos obtenidos mediante la implantación de la Normativa EN 9100 en las empresas del sector aeroespacial español. Para ello se ha elaborado un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple que incorpora los datos recogidos en los 115 cuestionarios válidos, recibidos de empresas del sector. Los resultados de dicho modelo muestran que la antigüedad en la adhesión a EN 9100, el tipo de motivación predominante (interna o externa) para la implantación de dicha Norma, y el nivel de satisfacción con la implantación previa de ISO 9001 son variables significativas para el nivel de satisfacción con la adhesión a EN 9100, mientras que el tamaño de la empresa no es significativo.
La respuesta del consumidor ante la crisis: Un análisis de las series temporales de compras y uso de promociones en la categoría de producto cerveza
Authors: Mollá Descals Alejandro , Ruiz Molina María Eugenia , Gómez-Borja Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2022

Durante aquellos periodos en los que el poder de compra de los consumidores se ve reducido, el comercio minorista debe desarrollar políticas comerciales acordes con la nueva situación. En este contexto, las promociones que pueden implicar ahorros económicos para el consumidor pueden resultar especialmente atractivas. Sin embargo, para plantear políticas comerciales acordes con la situación económica sin reducir innecesariamente el margen comercial del minorista, se precisa analizar el cambio del comportamiento del consumidor ante el nuevo escenario económico y, en particular, su respuesta ante los distintos tipos de promoción. Por ello, el presente trabajo se centra en analizar la evolución del comportamiento del consumidor a través de las compras de una determinada categoría de producto (i.e. cerveza) y su respuesta ante las promociones, concluyendo a partir de datos de escáner para un periodo de cinco años la existencia de cambios conforme se profundiza en el proceso recesivo y diferencias en la intensidad de respuesta a los distintos tipos de promoción.
Evaluación de los efectos del apoyo institucional a la financiación del emprendimiento femenino
Authors: de la Fuente-Cabrero Concepción , Segovia-Pérez Mónica , Figueroa-Domecq Cristina
Published: September 2022

Tanto la mujer emprendedora como sus empresas se han convertido en una importante fuerza para el desarrollo económico internacional, al mismo tiempo que presentan una idiosincrasia propia, como empresas y como empresarias. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el efecto que una medida de apoyo a la financiación del emprendimiento femenino tiene sobre el nivel y las características de dicho emprendimiento. Para realizar la investigación se ha contado con la base de datos de los proyectos de empresas de nueva creación financiados por AVALMADRID SGR durante el período del 2005-2012, sobre la que se han aplicado análisis univariados y bivariados. Las principales conclusiones de la investigación muestran que existen diferencias entre el emprendimiento femenino y masculino y que las mujeres incrementan sus actividades de emprendimiento cuando existen apoyos específicos de instituciones financieras.
Nueva estrategia de política económica
Authors: Mingorance-Arnáiz Ana Cristina , Pampillón Olmedo Rafael
Published: September 2022

El siglo XXI se inició con fuertes convulsiones económicas y políticas. Los hechos se han sucedido, y dos fuertes crisis se han encadenado. Cuando esto ocurre se hacen necesarios líderes que cambien la forma de afrontar los problemas. La experiencia de los siglos XIX y XX pone de manifiesto que de los periodos de recesión económica se sale cambiando el paradigma por el que se rige la política económica. En ocasiones son necesarios cambios radicales. En otras, basta con hacer las cosas de un modo diferente. El artículo hace una revisión a los cambios pendulares que se han producido en la política económica a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX. Así mismo, plantea los problemas económicos que el mundo ha tenido que afrontar durante los primeros 22 años del siglo XXI. La Gran Recesión del 2008, por un lado, y la pandemia de la Covid y la Guerra entre Rusia y Ucrania por otra. La Gran Recesión llevó a los países a abrazar las políticas de demanda, lo que supuso un nuevo cambio en la política económica que se venía aplicando. Los acontecimientos acaecidos a partir del año 2020 han generado un enorme malestar entre los ciudadanos. Y se pone, cada vez más, en duda la capacidad de las políticas de demanda para solventar los problemas económicos. Todo señala a que un nuevo cambio pendular de política económica está sobre la mesa.
Una introducción a la reforma laboral española de 2022
Authors: Muñoz de Bustillo Llorente Rafael
Published: September 2022

En febrero de 2022 el Parlamento español aprobó una reforma importante de la regulación laboral que pretende desmontar algunas partes de la reforma liberal de 2012 promovida por el gobierno conservador y, simultáneamente, hacer frente a la alta tasa de empleo temporal que desde hace décadas ha sido una de las características del mercado de trabajo español, comparado con la UE. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos. El primero es describir cuáles son los principales cambios promovidos por la reforma y los problemas que pretende resolver con ellos. El segundo, discutir cómo la reforma complementa otras decisiones adoptadas por el gobierno en relación con el mercado de trabajo, en lo que podría considerarse un programa de modernización y mejora del mercado de trabajo español. Aunque es muy pronto para hacer una evaluación completa de la reforma, el artículo comenta cuáles han sido algunos de sus efectos a corto plazo al tiempo que discute algunas de sus posibles insuficiencias.
El nuevo paquete de medidas urgentes de política económica del gobierno: una valoración previa
Authors: Rohr Margarita , Soler Ángel
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es tratar de mostrar la eficacia de las medidas adoptadas en el RDL 6/2022 para controlar el elevado crecimiento de los precios que viene teniendo lugar desde el verano de 2021, y se ha agravado con la invasión rusa de Ucrania a finales de febrero de 2022. Para analizar la eficacia de las medidas se hace uso del método “esquema fines-medios”, siendo conscientes de sus limitaciones. A lo largo de artículo se comprueba la escasa eficacia de las medidas adoptadas, bien sea porque no están directamente orientadas a la reducción del crecimiento de los precios, o por su insuficiencia para atajar el problema, si bien algunas de las medidas sí cumplen su objetivo. Como consecuencia del agravamiento de los concionantes del crecimiento de los precios, la tasa de inflación en junio de 2022 se ha situado en el 10,2% y el gobierno ha aprobado un nuevo RDL (11/2022) por el que amplía, prorroga e implanta nuevas medidas para lograr el control del crecimiento de los precios.
La diáspora latinoamericana a España, 1997-2007. Incógnitas y realidades
Authors: Roll David
Published: September 2022

A partir de 1492, millares de españoles llegaron a habitar lo que hoy es América Latina, tras surcar el Atlántico en azarosas embarcaciones. Quinientos años después, entre 1997 y 2007, en dirección contraria y en cómodos vuelos, cientos de miles de sus descendientes recorrieron el camino opuesto para conquistar con su fuerza laboral y su singular cultura multiétnica la vieja España. ¿Por qué se fueron tantos de los nuestros en esta primera diáspora latinoamericana del tercer milenio? ¿Regresarán cuando la crisis europea se vuelva insoportable? ¿Y qué significará en un mundo globalizado, en términos de bienestar y codesarrollo, esta movilización de ciudadanos, sobre todo andinos, hacia la Europa hispanohablante? A estas preguntas sobre un fenómeno migratorio de gran magnitud ¬¬que pasó, en gran medida, desapercibido en el contexto de las políticas públicas y del mundo académico intentan dar respuesta en este libro David Roll y algunos miembros del Grupo de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional, UNmigraciones, con la colaboración de prestigiosos escritores e investigadores del Centro de Estudios Políticos e Internacionales, de la Universidad del Rosario (CEPI).
La biblioteca de Fray Cristóbal de Torres a partir de los libros que conserva la Biblioteca Antigua del Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario
Authors: Restrepo Zapata Jaime
Published: September 2022

Fray Cristóbal de Torres y Motones (Burgos, 1573 – Santafé de Bogotá, 1654). Predicador de sus majestades Felipe III y Felipe IV, al ser designado por este último en 1634 como arzobispo del Nuevo Reino de Granada, no llegó solo a Santafé de Bogotá, 2600 metros más cerca de las estrellas pero muchísimos kilómetros lejos del mar; a sus sesenta años de edad, trajo consigo a este apartado rincón de la América española su recio carácter, que le había ganado la amistad del gran Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas, a quien el fraile dominico había dado el pase para la impresión de la obra Política de Dios, gobierno de Cristo y tiranía de Satanás, hecho que Quevedo agradeció dedicándole a fray Cristóbal su tratado La cuna y la sepultura, para el conocimiento propio y desengaños de las cosas ajenas. Lo acompañaron, además, su empatía por los indígenas, su pasión por la educación, algunos miembros de su familia y, como corresponde a un protagonista del Siglo de Oro, la rica biblioteca que, atravesando el mar, remontando el río Grande de la Magdalena y las altas montañas andinas, se encuentra hoy en la Librería de su Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, el cual fue fundado por Real Cédula de Felipe IV expedida en Madrid el 31 de diciembre de 1651.
Experimental evidence that chronic outgroup conflict reduces reproductive success in a cooperatively breeding fish
Authors: Braga Goncalves Ines , Radford Andrew N
Published: September 2022

Conflicts with conspecific outsiders are common in group-living species, from ants to primates, and are argued to be an important selective force in social evolution. However, whilst an extensive empirical literature exists on the behaviour exhibited during and immediately after interactions with rivals, only very few observational studies have considered the cumulative fitness consequences of outgroup conflict. Using a cooperatively breeding fish, the daffodil cichlid (Neolamprologus pulcher), we conducted the first experimental test of the effects of chronic outgroup conflict on reproductive investment and output. ‘Intruded’ groups received long-term simulated territorial intrusions by neighbours that generated consistent group-defence behaviour; matched ‘Control’ groups (each the same size and with the same neighbours as an Intruded group) received no intrusions in the same period. Intruded groups had longer inter-clutch intervals and produced eggs with increasingly less protein than Control groups. Despite the lower egg investment, Intruded groups provided more parental care and achieved similar hatching success to Control groups. Ultimately, however, Intruded groups had fewer and smaller surviving offspring than Control groups at 1-month post-hatching. We therefore provide experimental evidence that outgroup conflict can decrease fitness via cumulative effects on reproductive success, confirming the selective potential of this empirically neglected aspect of sociality.
Pathogenic variants of sphingomyelin synthase SMS2 disrupt lipid landscapes in the secretory pathway
Authors: Sokoya Tolulope , Parolek Jan , Foged Mads Møller , Danylchuk Dmytro I , Bozan Manuel , Sarkar Bingshati , Hilderink Angelika , Philippi Michael , Botto Lorenzo D , Terhal Paulien A , Mäkitie Outi , Piehler Jacob , Kim Yeongho , Burd Christopher G , Klymchenko Andrey S , Maeda Kenji , Holthuis Joost CM
Published: September 2022

Sphingomyelin is a dominant sphingolipid in mammalian cells. Its production in the trans-Golgi traps cholesterol synthesized in the ER to promote formation of a sphingomyelin/sterol gradient along the secretory pathway. This gradient marks a fundamental transition in physical membrane properties that help specify organelle identify and function. We previously identified mutations in sphingomyelin synthase SMS2 that cause osteoporosis and skeletal dysplasia. Here, we show that SMS2 variants linked to the most severe bone phenotypes retain full enzymatic activity but fail to leave the ER owing to a defective autonomous ER export signal. Cells harboring pathogenic SMS2 variants accumulate sphingomyelin in the ER and display a disrupted transbilayer sphingomyelin asymmetry. These aberrant sphingomyelin distributions also occur in patient-derived fibroblasts and are accompanied by imbalances in cholesterol organization, glycerophospholipid profiles, and lipid order in the secretory pathway. We postulate that pathogenic SMS2 variants undermine the capacity of osteogenic cells to uphold nonrandom lipid distributions that are critical for their bone forming activity.
Phenotypic spectrum of FGF10-related disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Bzdega Katarzyna , Karolak Justyna A.
Published: September 2022

FGF10, as an FGFR2b-specific ligand, plays a crucial role during cell proliferation, multi-organ development, and tissue injury repair. The developmental importance of FGF10 has been emphasized by the identification of FGF10 abnormalities in human congenital disorders affecting different organs and systems. Single-nucleotide variants in FGF10 or FGF10-involving copy-number variant deletions have been reported in families with lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome, aplasia of the lacrimal and salivary glands, or lethal lung developmental disorders. Abnormalities involving FGF10 have also been implicated in cleft lip and palate, myopia, or congenital heart disease. However, the exact developmental role of FGF10 and large phenotypic heterogeneity associated with FGF10 disruption remain incompletely understood. Here, we review human and animal studies and summarize the data on FGF10 mechanism of action, expression, multi-organ function, as well as its variants and their usefulness for clinicians and researchers.
El potencial del Inventario Forestal Nacional para evaluar el estado de conservación de los tipos de Hábitat forestales de Interés Comunitario: nuevos retos para cumplir con las políticas de conservación de la biodiversidad (Material Suplementario)
Authors: Pescador David S. , Vayreda Jordi , Escudero Adrián , Lloret Francisco
Published: September 2022

Selección y descripción de variables: Para evaluar el Estado de Conservación (EC) del parámetro ‘Estructura y función’ (E&F) de los 22 Tipos de Hábitat de Interés Comunitario (HICs) se hizo una propuesta de 15 variables de seguimiento extraíbles del Tercer Inventario forestal Nacional (IFN3) y con un alto poder diagnóstico. En este documento, se describe en detalle cada variable, así como la metodología que permite obtener cada una de ellas a partir del IFN3, contemplando las variables del IFN3 a emplear, su localización dentro de la base de datos del IFN3 (tabla de referencia y base de datos) y los pertinentes detalles para el cálculo final del indicador. Tipificación de las parcelas del IFN3: Para seleccionar las parcelas del IFN3 perteneciente a cada uno de los 22 HICs forestales evaluados se consideró el número de especies focales y la abundancia relativa de las mismas, que en este trabajo vino definida según el porcentaje de área basimétrica (%AB) de cada especie forestal medida en cada parcela.
Effectiveness of Low Dose Dexmedetomidine for an Oligaemic Field in Middle Ear Surgery: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Agrawal Nitin , Sinha Smriti , Kadni Reena R , Ramkrishnan Shekhar
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Microscopic middle ear surgeries are best done under hypotensive anaesthesia to provide an oligaemic field. Dexmedetomidine is an α2 agonist which produces hypotension by sympathetic response blockade. Aim: To study the effectiveness of low dose dexmedetomidine in providing an oligaemic field. The additional requirement of inhalational agent required to maintain the oligaemic field in the control group, intubation response and postoperative analgesia were also assessed. Materials and Methods: The randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind study was conducted by recruiting 48 patients in the study, who were divided into two groups i.e, study group (n=24) and placebo group (n=24). The study group received low dose dexmedetomidine infusion (0.5 μg/kg loading dose followed by 0.2 μg/kg/hr) and placebo group received weightadjusted saline. The quality of the surgical field was assessed on a score of 0-5. The Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) of inhalational agent needed, postoperative sedation score and pain score were noted. All the data were recorded in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22.0. Results: The mean score of quality of the surgical field in the study group was 2.00±0.59, compared to 3.50±0.88 in the placebo group. The mean MAC of isoflurane was 1.32±0.31 in the placebo group and 0.85±0.23 in the study group (p-value=0.03). The study group had a Ramsay sedation score of 3.08±0.65 compared to 2.29±0.75 in the placebo group at 5 minutes after extubation (p-value <0.001). The mean pain score in the dexmedetomidine group in 10 minutes postoperative period was 1.83±2.25, while in placebo group it was 3.25±1.96 (p-value=0.025). However, over the next 20-60 minutes postoperative period the pain score between the two groups were comparable, with no significant difference in analgesia, postoperative shivering and other side-effects. Conclusion: A low dose dexmedetomidine can effectively provide a bloodless field for middle ear microsurgical procedures.
Juventudes precarizadas e a contrarreforma do Ensino Médio: a educação da classe trabalhadora no capitalismo flexível
Authors: Santos Sayarah Carol Mesquita dos , Silva Katharine Ninive Pinto
Published: September 2022

Este artigo analisa a noção juventudes precarizadas mediante as mudanças no currículo do Ensino Médio, que se situa no contexto da produção flexível do capitalismo. Adotamos o estudo documental, analisando a Lei n° 13.415/2017 e a Medida Provisória n° 746/2016, do governo de Michel Temer. A inclusão do itinerário técnico-profissional, fomento ao empreendedorismo, atividades à distância, flexibilização na oferta dos componentes curriculares são medidas estabelecidas na contrarreforma do Ensino Médio sintonizadas com a lógica da flexibilização produtiva do capitalismo, que intensifica a formação dos jovens da classe trabalhadora para as relações vigentes de mais desregulamentação, informalidade, terceirização e precarização laboral.
A natureza da subsunção: da desaparição à transubstanciação do valor
Authors: Mota Giovane , Sombra Daniel , Quaresma Madson
Published: September 2022

Esse texto constitui uma etapa da proposição do Laboratório Universidade, Técnica, Território e Espaço (LUTTE) para uma interpretação da produção do espaço geográfico a partir de categorias trabalhadas por Marx (2011) – subsunção e exterioridade – e desenvolvidas em detalhes ao largo dos Grundrisse, mas que não chegaram a ter um melhor desenvolvimento n’O capital. Neste primeiro momento, para compreender a origem da subsunção, faz-se necessário atentar para o momento em que o valor é posto pelo sistema do capital, a fim de não produzir falsas sinonímias entre subsunção e tipos de extração de mais-valia. Este debate aprofunda a proposição que vem sendo apresentada pelo LUTTE desde 2012, em eventos, mesas, debates, textos etc., mas que possui como obras de maior relevo até o momento o trabalho de Mota (2016), que apresenta as duas categorias como ferramentas para análise da nova teleologia do capitalismo, em que o valor relativo, transmutado em técnica, se apresenta como meio e fim do ser social, e a proposição de Soares (2021), que defende o uso desse par conceitual para a análise geográfica das formações sociais.
Cadernos do Povo Brasileiro: popularização e engajamento da ciência no Brasil pré-1964
Authors: Nicola Luca Ribeiro Mendes , Pereira Silva Edson
Published: September 2022

Na década de 1960, no Brasil, surgiu uma iniciativa editorial que unia o engajamento político e a popularização cientifica chamada Cadernos do Povo Brasileiro. Os livros tinham como objetivo levar para as classes populares conhecimentos básicos sobre temas tão variados como saúde pública, sistema de leis, classes sociais e, também, literatura, como a experiência de poesia engajada dos volumes intitulados "Violão de rua". Foram 28 volumes da coleção que foi interrompida e banida pelo golpe militar de 1964. Neste ensaio, a experiência desta iniciativa é resgatada, tanto pela sua relevância histórica quanto pela ainda, infelizmente, atualidade dos volumes.
A teoria da dependência sob a ótica de Galeano
Authors: Katz Claudio
Published: September 2022

As veias abertas da América Latina, de Eduardo Galeano, resume e populariza com uma extraordinária beleza literária as principais teses da Teoria Marxista da Dependência. Está em sintonia com essa vertente na crítica ao capitalismo e no peso que atribui às rebeliões populares. O livro antecipou denúncias atuais do extrativismo e reprimarização e sublinhou a regressão industrial geradas pelas políticas liberais. A degradação do trabalho, a escala do endividamento e a gravidade da crise confirmam os diagnósticos expostos no texto. O imperialismo e a direita continuam molestando a região e a resistência popular recria as tradições políticas descritas por Galeano. O seu livro é um símbolo de esperança preservada por muitos latino-americanos.
Economia brasileira contemporânea: dependência e superexploração [Camilla dos Santos Nogueira]
Authors: Maria Moura Araujo Ana
Published: September 2022

Resenha do livro Economia Brasileira Contemporânea: dependência e superexploração, de Camilla dos Santos Nogueira.
O conceito de conceito na formação de professores de Biologia: apontamentos a partir da psicologia histórico-cultural e da pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Martins de Avelar Lucas , Jorge Coelho Leandro , Sendin Moreira Guimarães Simone , De Deus Paranhos Rones
Published: September 2022

O ensaio objetiva discutir o conceito de conceito à luz da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e as implicações do pensamento conceitual para a formação de professores de Biologia. A discussão indica que os conceitos devem ser compreendidos como modos explicativos em movimento, formulados e compartilhados pela humanidade no seio de sua atividade sócio-histórica. Os conceitos científicos devem ser apropriados através das máximas possibilidades criadas pela Educação Escolar. Os docentes precisam dominar os conceitos da ciência que ensinam, e intencionalmente convertê-los em saber escolarizado com vista ao desenvolvimento humano integral dos(as) educandos(as).
Materialismo e dialética na tese de doutoramento de Marx
Authors: Gonçalves Cordeiro Michael
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a tese de doutoramento de Marx intitulada As filosofias da natureza em Demócrito e Epicuro, buscando evidenciar, a partir desta obra, os fundamentos materialistas e essencialmente dialéticos da filosofia atomista de Epicuro e suas implicâncias para a formação do pensamento de Marx, sobretudo no que se refere à posterior elaboração do método materialista-dialético. Igualmente, busca-se demonstrar o materialismo e a dialética como centrais para compreensão da filosofia de Epicuro a partir da tese de Marx, pois fundamenta outras ideias abordadas pelo autor, como a ética de Epicuro, a crítica religiosa, e a germinal superação da filosofia hegeliana.
Educação revolucionária em São Paulo: a "escola proletária" trotskista
Authors: De Arruda Campos Alzira Lobo , Lopes de Sousa Rafael , Antônio Dias Luiz
Published: September 2022

Analisa-se a “Escola Proletária” como elemento da política estratégica das correntes da esquerda revolucionária brasileira, de finais do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX. A investigação privilegia a versão dos primeiros trotskistas brasileiros sobre educação popular, registrada em dois cursos oferecidos na sede paulista da União dos Trabalhadores Gráficos, em 1933. Os resultados alcançados indicam que os dissidentes do Partido Comunista viam a necessidade de desenvolver, por meio de uma atividade intensa de proselitismo, a consciência de classe do proletariado, visando à formação de uma vanguarda revolucionária futura e avaliando a escola de elite ou a popular como veículos da ideologia burguesa.
Racismo e superexploração: apontamentos sobre a história do trabalho e da classe trabalhadora no Brasil
Authors: Souza Cristiane Luiza Sabino de
Published: September 2022

O tema central deste ensaio é a relação entre racismo e superexploração da força de trabalho. A partir da perspectiva materialista-histórico-dialética, problematizo a história do trabalho e da classe trabalhadora no Brasil. Desenvolvo, ainda, mediações necessárias para a apreensão da complexidade do racismo nas relações sociais no capitalismo dependente latino-americano. Discuto a relação desse objeto com a produção de riquezas, a acumulação do capital e a luta de classes. Não obstante, reflito acerca do memoricídio, instituído pela ideologia da branquitude e a compreensão fragmentada da história do trabalho e da classe trabalhadora no país, que precisa ser recuperada na sua complexidade histórica.
O delírio racial como inimigo do progresso humano
Authors: Lukács György , Brandão André Figueiredo
Published: September 2022

Lukács analisa a trajetória que, pela desilusão com a igualdade democrático-burguesa, produz uma alternativa reacionária qualitativamente distinta, intensificada pela miséria vivida no entreguerras. O nazismo articula as insatisfações sociais ao organizar um sólido partido de massas. Ao tomar o poder, os nazistas instauram um governo de opressão sobre todas as direções sociais, eliminando qualquer rastro de oposição, com o objetivo de pôr o capital alemão como senhor do mundo. O meio ideológico que o fundamenta é a teoria racial, que proclama a superioridade da raça ariana e a inferioridade de todos aqueles “estranhos à raça”. A destruição do nazismo e sua dominação racial é um pressuposto para a condução da luta histórica pelo progresso humano, enquanto humanização da humanidade.
"Seremos forçados a lutar contra nossos camaradas brancos": o PCB, a questão negra e a Internacional Comunista (1923-1929)
Authors: Silva de Lima Aruã
Published: September 2022

O propósito deste artigo é analisar a relação entre os comunistas brasileiros e a questão negra vis-à-vis o movimento comunista internacional, neste caso circunscrito à Internacional Comunista (Comintern). O escopo temporal deste artigo está situado entre 1923, ano da primeira provocação da Comintern ao Partido sobre a questão negra, e 1929, ano em que a Comintern conseguiu impor à direção do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB) sua posição a respeito da “problemática das raças”. O argumento central deste artigo é que muitos comunistas refletiram sobre a questão do racismo, na época chamada de “a questão negra”. Além de pensar, prescreviam políticas e formas de enfrentamento do racismo. Ainda, conclui-se que a direção do PCB, entre 1923-1929, barrou as inúmeras tentativas de promover um efetivo enfrentamento do racismo. A partir de 1929, a Comintern impôs modificações em todos os PCs alterando a política do PCB para a questão negra.
A luta contra o racismo e a nova agressão fascista
Authors: Barbosa Wilson do Nascimento
Published: September 2022

A revista Germinal, no sentido de ensejar o debate sobre a realidade brasileira, apresenta a entrevista do Professor Wilson do Nascimento Barbosa. Instigante e polêmico em sua análise, o convidado discute os caminhos da filosofia da Práxis para compreender o racismo e o lugar do ódio étnico-racial em formações sociais contemporâneas. O autor não hesita em qualificar as lideranças fascistas e seus vínculos com o Estado burguês, além de refletir sobre as classes dominantes brasileiras, recuperando o debate acerca da formação de uma burguesia nacional. Barbosa também aborda a condição da classe trabalhadora diante do avanço neoliberal e do processo de fascistização em curso no país. Por fim, traz uma análise da atual ofensiva imperialista e do ascenso da extrema direita, apontando para a necessidade da luta antirracista e anticapitalista no século XXI.
Imperialismo, relações étnico-raciais e lutas anticoloniais
Authors: Botelho Jacqueline , Ferreira Muniz , Lemos Márcia
Published: September 2022

Editorial do volume 14, número 2, de agosto de 2022
Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Both Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Freuer Dennis , Linseisen Jakob , Meisinger Christa
Published: September 2022

Importance

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, ie, Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic systemic immune-mediated disorders affecting an increasing proportion of adults and children worldwide. Observational studies have suggested an association between inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis and vice versa. So far, however, it remains unclear whether and in which direction causal relationships exist.

Objective

To investigate the association between inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, and psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A bidirectional 2-sample mendelian randomization study was conducted using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies including up to 463 372 European individuals. Total and direct effects were derived performing an iterative radial and robust inverse-variance weighted method within the univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization setting, respectively. Causal estimates were verified using a validation inflammatory bowel disease sample, a series of pleiotropy-robust mendelian randomization methods, and sensitivity analyses based on a PhenoScanner search in conjunction with network analysis. Data analysis was performed from April to May 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis were used as both exposures and outcomes.

Results

The European samples included 12 882 cases of inflammatory bowel disease and 5621 cases of psoriasis. The proportion of women ranged between 48% and 56%. Genetically predicted inflammatory bowel disease was associated with higher risk of psoriasis (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15; P < .001) and psoriatic arthritis (pooled OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18; P = .003). In contrast with ulcerative colitis, the Crohn disease subentity was associated with psoriasis (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.12-1.20; P < .001) and psoriatic arthritis (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.20; P < .001). Regarding the reverse directions, no notable associations could be found.

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this mendelian randomization study support a causal effect between inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis as well as psoriatic arthritis, but not vice versa. It seems that especially Crohn disease and not ulcerative colitis is responsible for the causal effect of inflammatory bowel disease on both psoriasis outcomes. These findings have implications for the management of inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis in clinical practice.
Early Outcomes of Subtotal vs Total Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Braschi Caitlyn , Tung Christine , Tang Annie , Delgado Cynthia , Uribe Lisandra , Senekjian Lara , Keeley Jessica A.
Published: September 2022

This cohort study compares outcomes including hospital length of stay and 30-day rates of complications after nonelective subtotal cholecystectomy vs total cholecystectomy among patients with cholecystitis.
Cohort study of long working hours and increase in blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration: Mechanisms of overwork and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Lee Woncheol , Yim Hyeon Woo , Lee Yeseong
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We aimed to find evidence of the inflammation-mediated mechanism by which long working hours contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

This cohort study was performed in 56 953 Korean adults free of CVD who underwent a comprehensive screening examination and were followed for up to 7 years. An increase in blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) of 1 mg/L or more at the follow-up visit was defined as an incidence. The average weekly working hours in the past year were categorized as ≤40, 41–52, 53–60, and ≥60 h per week. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using generalized estimating equations to calculate the risk of an incidental increase of hsCRP.

Results

Participants with longer working hours had a higher incidence of hsCRP. Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of incident cases for ≥61 h compared with ≤40 h was 1.69 (1.04–2.75). In subgroup analyses according to sex and the presence of hypertension and diabetes, the risk of hsCRP incidence were highest in the group working more than 61 h in all subgroups, but none of them were statistically significant.

Conclusions

Working hours are independently associated with increased risk of elevated hsCRP in a dose–response relationship. Excessive long-time work is a risk factor for CVD, and it was found that an increase in hsCRP was associated with the pathogenesis.
GST‐IVTT pull‐down: a fast and versatile in vitro method for validating and mapping protein–protein interactions
Authors: Réthi‐Nagy Zsuzsánna , Ábrahám Edit , Lipinszki Zoltán
Published: September 2022

Over the past few decades, dozens of in vitro methods have been developed to map, investigate and validate protein–protein interactions. However, most of these approaches are time‐consuming and labour‐intensive or require specialised equipment or substantial amounts of purified proteins. Here, we describe a fast and versatile research protocol that is suitable for the in vitro analysis of the physical interaction between proteins or for mapping the binding surfaces. The principle of this method is based on the immobilisation of the protein/domain of interest to a carrier followed by its incubation with a labelled putative binding partner, which is generated by a coupled in vitro transcription/translation reaction. Interacting proteins are removed from the carrier, fractionated and visualised by SDS/PAGE autoradiography (or western blotting). This simple and cheap method can be easily carried out in every wet lab.
Inmirania
Authors: Slobodkina Galina
Published: September 2022

In.mi.ra'ni.a. N.L. fem. n.
Inmirania
arbitrary name formed from the acronym of the Institute of Microbiology of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian transliteration: Institut Mikrobiologii Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk; INMI RAN), which has made significant contributions to microbiology, particularly in research of sulfur and nitrogen cycles.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Chromatiales / Ectothiorhodospiraceae / Inmirania

The genus
Inmirania
, represented by a single species,
Inmirania thermothiophila
, accommodates Gram‐stain‐negative, rod‐shaped motile bacteria. Members of the genus are facultatively anaerobic, neutrophilic thermophiles with strictly respiratory type of metabolism. These bacteria are characterized by chemolithoautotrophic growth with elemental sulfur or thiosulfate as electron donors and energy sources as well as by chemoorganoheterotrophic growth with the carboxylic acids including low‐chain fatty acids, yeast extract, and peptone. Sugars are not utilized. Major cellular fatty acids are hexadecenoic (C
16:0
), 11‐octadecenoic (C
18:1
ω7
c
), octadecanoic (C
18:0
) and nonadecanoic (C
19:0
) acids. This genus is a member of the class
Gammaproteobacteria
, order
Chromatiales
, family
Ectothiorhodospiraceae
. Main habitats of the genus are marine ecosystems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 74.3 (genome data).

Type species
:
Inmirania thermothiophila
Slobodkina et al. 2016
VP
.
Searching for Circular Photo Galvanic Effect in Oxyhalide Perovskite Bi4NbO8Cl
Authors: Chen Zhizhong , Xu Rui , Ma Sijie , Ma Yuan , Hu Yang , Zhang Lifu , Guo Yuwei , Huang Zhenhan , Wang Baiwei , Sun Yi‐Yang , Jiang Jie , Hawks Ryan , Jia Ru , Xiang Yu , Wang Gwo‐Ching , Wertz Esther A. , Tian Jisen , Gall Daniel , Chen Xinchun , Wang Vei , Gao Lei , Zhu Hanyu , Shi Jian
Published: September 2022

The ability to reconfigure spin structure and spin‐photon interactions by an external electric field is a prerequisite for seamless integration of opto‐spintronics into modern electronics. In this study, the use of electric field on the tuning of circular photo galvanic effect in a quasi‐2D oxyhalide perovskite Bi4NbO8Cl is reported. The electrical transport measurements are applied to study the switching characteristics of the microsheet devices. The electric field is used to tune the nanoscale devices and an optical orientation approach is applied to understand the field‐tuned spin‐polarized band structures. It is found that the circular photogalvanic current can be erased and re‐created by poling, indicating the electric‐field‐based control over spin structure. The study enriches the basic understanding of the symmetry‐regulated optoelectronic response in ferroelectrics with spin‐orbit coupling.
Metal‐Organic Framework Sandwiching Porous Super‐Engineering Polymeric Membranes as Anionphilic Separators for Dendrite‐free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lin Guo , Jia Kun , Bai Zhongxiang , Liu Chenchen , Liu Shuning , Huang Yumin , Liu Xiaobo
Published: September 2022

The development of multifunctional separators can be an effective solution for solving the lithium dendrite and safety issues of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). This study reveals an interfacial reaction protocol to prepare a functional separator to regulate lithium‐ion transport and enhance the safety of LMBs. Specifically, the well‐organized anionphilic MOFs layers are in situ grafted on both sides of porous super‐engineering polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) membranes pre‐modified with polydopamine (PDA), which leads to sandwiched MOF/PEN@PDA/MOF multifunctional separators. Electrochemical tests prove that the optimized separator acts as a “Li‐ion guides” to balance the internal electric field and limit the free migration of anions, which extends the “Sand's time” of lithium dendrite nucleation and contributes a high Li+ transfer number of 0.81. On account of the alleviated interface side reactions, the optimized battery exhibits a highly stable lithium plating–stripping cycle of over 500 h. Meanwhile, the functional separator shows better thermal stability than its conventional polypropylene counterpart. Thanks to these features, the assembled LFP/Li cells with optimized separator exhibit stable cycling performance and high coulombic efficiency of 98% even at 90 °C. The current study opens a new path to designing separators for solving the lithium dendrite and safety issues of LMBs.
Atomic‐Level Phosphorus‐Doped Ultrathin Pt Nanodendrites as Efficient Electrocatalysts
Authors: Guo Ke , Fan Dongping , Bao Jianchun , Li Yafei , Xu Dongdong
Published: September 2022

The controllable synthesis of phosphorus (P) doped noble metal electrocatalysts with a well‐defined structure and composition has attracted sufficient attention in energy chemistry. In this study, atomic‐level P‐doped Pt nanodendrites (PtP NDs) with tunable composition and highly branched architecture are successfully prepared by post‐phosphating reaction of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate at room temperature. Due to its electrophilic properties, P effectively regulates the electronic structure of the d‐orbitals of Pt. The charge change induced by P on a local scale can effectively regulate the selective adsorption of electrocatalytic reaction intermediates. The electrocatalytic results show that the η10 value of PtP NDs in hydrogen evolution reaction is only 13.3 mV, and the mass activity of PtP NDs in methanol oxidation reaction is 4.2 A mg−1, which is 3.8 times larger than that of commercial Pt/C. Most importantly, the atomic‐level P doping greatly improves the stability of PtP NDs, which is crucial to facilitating the catalysts’ commercialization process.
Inverse Design of Mechanical Metamaterials with Target Nonlinear Response via a Neural Accelerated Evolution Strategy
Authors: Deng Bolei , Zareei Ahmad , Ding Xiaoxiao , Weaver James C. , Rycroft Chris H. , Bertoldi Katia
Published: September 2022

Materials with target nonlinear mechanical response can support the design of innovative soft robots, wearable devices, footwear, and energy‐absorbing systems, yet it is challenging to realize them. Here, mechanical metamaterials based on hinged quadrilaterals are used as a platform to realize target nonlinear mechanical responses. It is first shown that by changing the shape of the quadrilaterals, the amount of internal rotations induced by the applied compression can be tuned, and a wide range of mechanical responses is achieved. Next, a neural network is introduced that provides a computationally inexpensive relationship between the parameters describing the geometry and the corresponding stress–strain response. Finally, it is shown that by combining the neural network with an evolution strategy, one can efficiently identify geometries resulting in a wide range of target nonlinear mechanical responses and design optimized energy‐absorbing systems, soft robots, and morphing structures.
Graphene Chemeo‐Phononics for Biosensor Applications: An Interfacial Raman Transducer
Authors: Keisham Bijentimala , Kim Sungjoon , Cotts Sheldon , Berry Vikas
Published: September 2022

Leveraging the phononic sensitivity and scalability of nano‐biointerfaces has accelerated the growth of unique and versatile biosensors. Graphene has the properties of a near‐ideal signal transducer, due to the strong coupling between its interfacial and phononic properties. This enables sensitive yet quick detection of surface interactions on graphene via Raman spectral analysis. The Raman‐active vibrational bands of graphene are demonstrated to be sensitive to structural, electrical, and interfacial modifications. This sensitivity is attributed to graphene's electron–phonon coupling and high quantum capacitance. The fundamental understanding of graphene phonons is crucial for developing reliable platforms for disease and infectious agent detection. This review provides a mechanistic explanation of these phenomena at the interface between graphene and various biosystems (including cancerous, bacterial, viral, and biophysical specimens) to set the foundation for next‐generation chemeo‐phononic medical devices.
What are Methylammonium and Solvent Fates upon Halide Perovskite Thin‐Film Preparation and Thermal Aging?
Authors: Zheng Daming , Chen Fei , Rager Marie‐Noelle , Gollino Liam , Zhang Boxue , Pauporté Thierry
Published: September 2022

The recent remarkable achievements in terms of efficiency performance and stability of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are notably obtained by optimizing the A‐site cation composition of formamidinium‐based 3D perovskites. As methylammonium chloride is ubiquitously employed in precursor solution for very high efficiency formamidinium‐based PSC, the purpose of the present paper is to unveil the exact role of methylammonium (MA+), chloride, and solvent on the film growth and their fate upon the layer thermal annealing process. Methylammonium is shown to react with formamidinium to form two methyl compounds while its excess is eliminated along with chloride. The final perovskite layer A‐sites are mainly occupied by formamidinium, whereas MA+ content is only 2–3 mol%, and below the 3‐N‐methyl formamidinium one. 1‐N‐methyl formamidinium is detected as traces. Meanwhile, the solvent is homogenously eliminated throughout the layer thickness. Upon thermal aging stress, the layer is degraded from its top with the formation of PbI2. MA+ is rapidly fully eliminated while the stable methyl formamidinium compounds remain in the perovskite layer.
Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detection in ppb Levels at Room Temperature with a Printed, Flexible, Disposable In2O3 NPs‐Based Sensor for IoT Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Al Shboul Ahmad M. , Ketabi Mohsen , Mechael Sara S. , Nyayachavadi Audithya , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon , Izquierdo Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Flexible printed sensors are essential components for modern Internet of Things applications. They may twist and bend to fit any shape or surface. New potential applications emerge as these sensors’ sophistication and sensing efficiency improve. In this study, a printed sensor is prepared from indium oxide nanoparticles (In2O3 NPs)‐based nanocomposite for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas detection at ambient conditions. The as‐fabricated sensor has excellent capabilities, including sensitivity and selectivity to low gas concentrations than 100 ppb (<100 ppb), anti‐humid property up to relative humidity (RH) ≈ 100%, high chemical stability in severe environments, good mechanical flexibility up to 50 bending cycles at 30° bending angle, and good thermomechanical stability between ‐40 °C ‐ 40 °C. Moreover, the sensor detects the low concentrations of H2S gas produced during the spoilage of organosulfur‐rich food (beef and fish) while remaining insensitive to humidity changes up to RH ≈ 100%, resulting in the fist‐of‐its‐type chemiresistive sensor for food packaging application. The sensors’ response to H2S gas is based on the contribution of the physical and chemical sensing mechanisms, which rely on the H2S molecules’ reactions on the sensor's surface with the adsorbed oxygen molecules and the sensing materials (copper acetate (CuAc) and In2O3 NPs), respectively.
Simulation of Factor on SOC Inconsistency within a Series‐Connected Lithium‐Ion Battery Pack
Authors: Zhang Yanqin , Yang Ran , Chi Rongchen
Published: September 2022

This paper outlines a new simulation approach to study the effect of factors on the state of charge (SOC) consistency of Li‐ion battery packs. The proposed method is based on a system model and the Monte Carlo method. The system model includes 100 serial connected equivalent circuit models and their respective parameters. This paper divides the internal and external factors into two categories: independent factors such as internal resistance, capacity, Coulombic efficiency, leakage current, and comprehensive factors related to temperature. The Monte Carlo method simulates the differences and distribution of independent factors among cells. Temperature‐dependent factors are modeled with empirical formulas. Simulation results show that the main factors affecting SOC consistency are differences in battery temperature, leakage current, and Coulombic efficiency. Meanwhile, slight differences in capacity and internal resistance have little effect on SOC inconsistency. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the system model.