bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PIEZO1 targeting in macrophages boosts phagocytic activity and foam cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis
Authors: Pourteymour Shirin , Fan Jingxue , Majhi Rakesh Kumar , Guo Shuyuan , Sun Xin , Huang Zhen , Liu Ying , Winter Hanna , Bäcklund Alexandra , Skenteris Nikolaos-Taxiarchis , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Werngren Olivera , Li Zhaolong , Skogsberg Josefin , Li Yuhuang , Matic Ljubica , Hedin Ulf , Maegdefessel Lars , Ehrenborg Ewa , Tian Ye , Jin Hong
Published: August 2024

The rising incidences of atherosclerosis have necessitated efforts to identify novel targets for therapeutic interventions. In the present study, we observed increased expression of the mechanosensitive calcium channel Piezo1 transcript in mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques, correlating with infiltration of PIEZO1-expressing macrophages. In vitro administration of Yoda1, a specific agonist for PIEZO1, led to increased foam cell apoptosis and enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages. Mechanistically, PIEZO1 activation resulted in intracellular F-actin rearrangement, elevated mitochondrial ROS levels and induction of mitochondrial fragmentation upon PIEZO1 activation, as well as increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes. In vivo, ApoE−/− mice treated with Yoda1 exhibited regression of atherosclerosis, enhanced stability of advanced lesions, reduced plaque size and necrotic core, increased collagen content, and reduced expression levels of inflammatory markers. Our findings propose PIEZO1 as a novel and potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
Effect of curvature variations on the hydrodynamic performance of heaving and pitching foils
Authors: van Rees Wim M.
Published: August 2024

The use of heaving and pitching fins for underwater propulsion of engineering devices poses an attractive outlook given the efficiency and adaptability of natural fish. However, significant knowledge gaps need to be bridged before biologically inspired propulsion is able to operate at competitive performances in a practical setting. One of these relates to the design of structures that can leverage passive deformation and active morphing in order to achieve optimal hydrodynamic performance. To provide insights into the performance improvements associated with passive and active fin deformations, we provide here a systematic numerical investigation in the thrust, power, and efficiency of 2D heaving and pitching fins with imposed curvature variations. The results show that for a given chordline kinematics, the use of curvature can improve thrust by 70% or efficiency by 35% over a rigid fin. Maximum thrust is achieved when the camber variations are synchronized with the maximum heave velocity, increasing the overall magnitude of the force vector while increasing efficiency as well. Maximum efficiency is achieved when camber is applied during the first half of the stroke, tilting the force vector to create thrust earlier in the cycle than a comparable rigid fin. Overall, our results demonstrate that curving fins are consistently able to significantly outperform rigid fins with the same chord line kinematics on both thrust and hydrodynamic efficiency.
Rearrangements and the Monge–Ampère equations
Authors: Błocki Zbigniew
Published: August 2024

We show that the direct counterpart of the Talenti symmetrization estimate for the Laplacian does not hold neither for the complex nor real Monge–Ampère equations. We also use this Talenti result to improve some known estimates for subharmonic functions in $${\mathbb {C}},$$

C
,

where the constant depends on the area of the domain, instead of the diameter.
Filtration of cohomology via symmetric semisimplicial spaces
Authors: Banerjee Oishee
Published: August 2024

In the simplicial theory of hypercoverings we replace the indexing category $$\Delta $$
Δ
by the symmetric simplicial category$$\Delta S$$

Δ
S

and study (a class of) $$\Delta _{\textrm{inj}}S$$

Δ
inj

S

-hypercoverings, which we call spaces admitting symmetric (semi)simplicial filtration—this special class happens to have a structure of a module over a graded commutative monoid of the form $$\textrm{Sym}\,M$$

Sym

M

for some space M. For $$\Delta S$$

Δ
S

-hypercoverings we construct a spectral sequence, somewhat like the Čech-to-derived category spectral sequence. The advantage of working with $$\Delta S$$

Δ
S

over $$\Delta $$
Δ
is that various combinatorial complexities that come with working on $$\Delta $$
Δ
are bypassed, giving simpler, unified proof of results like the computation of (in some cases, stable) singular cohomology (with $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
coefficients) and étale cohomology (with $$\mathbb {Q}_{\ell }$$

Q
ℓ

coefficients) of the moduli space of degree n maps $$C\rightarrow \mathbb {P}^r$$

C
→

P

r

with C a smooth projective curve of genus g, of unordered configuration spaces, of the moduli space of smooth sections of a fixed $$\mathfrak {g}^r_d$$

g

d
r

that is m-very ample for some m etc. In the special case when a $$\Delta _{\textrm{inj}}S$$

Δ
inj

S

-object Xadmits a symmetric semisimplicial filtration byM, we relate these moduli spaces to a certain derived tensor.
Predicting recurrent glioblastoma clinical outcome to immune checkpoint inhibition and low-dose bevacizumab with tumor in situ fluid circulating tumor DNA analysis
Authors: Guo Guangzhong , Zhang Ziyue , Zhang Jiubing , Wang Dayang , Xu Sensen , Liu Guanzheng , Gao Yushuai , Mei Jie , Yan Zhaoyue , Zhao Ruijiao , Wang Meiyun , Li Tianxiao , Bu Xingyao
Published: August 2024

Objective

Most recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) patients do not benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition, emphasizing the necessity for response biomarkers. This study evaluates whether tumor in situ fluid (TISF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could serve as a biomarker for response to low-dose bevacizumab (Bev) plus anti-PD-1 therapy in rGBM patients, aiming to enhance systemic responses to immunotherapy.

Methods

In this phase II trial, 32 GBM patients with first recurrence after standard therapy were enrolled and then received tislelizumab plus low-dose Bev each cycle. TISF samples were analyzed for ctDNA using a 551-gene panel before each treatment.

Results

The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) were 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.2–11.1) and 14.3 months (95% CI, 6.5–22.1), respectively. The 12-month OS was 43.8%, and the objective response rate was 56.3%. Patients with more than 20% reduction in the mutant allele fraction and tumor mutational burden after treatment were significantly associated with better prognosis compared to baseline TISF-ctDNA. Among detectable gene mutations, patients with MUC16 mutation, EGFR mutation & amplification, SRSF2 amplification, and H3F3B amplification were significantly associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions

Low-dose Bev plus anti-PD-1 therapy significantly improves OS in rGBM patients, offering guiding significance for future individualized treatment strategies. TISF-ctDNA can monitor rGBM patients' response to combination therapy and guide treatment.

Clinical trial registration

This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05540275.
Clinical features associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor nephritis: a single-center clinical case series
Authors: Muddasani Ramya , Talwar Neel , Mambetsariev Isa , Fricke Jeremy , Lin Mercury , Schmolze Daniel , Yue Andrew , Rizvi Amna , Salgia Ravi
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been well described as a complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We present a series of patients, the majority with lung adenocarcinoma, who developed AKI while actively receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods

This is a retrospectively analyzed clinical case series of six patients treated at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center. Data were collected on gender, age, ethnicity, comorbidities, concomitant medications, type of malignancy, treatments, and renal function. All patients underwent renal biopsy for classification of the mechanism of AKI. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed on tumor tissue for all patients.

Results

Patterns of AKI included acute interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis. Contributing factors included the use of concomitant medications known to contribute to AKI. All but two patients had full resolution of the AKI with the use of steroids. There were several mutations found on CGP that was notable including an Exon 20 insertion as well as multiple NF1 and TP53 mutations. There was high PD-L1 expression on tumor tissue noted in two out of six patients. In addition to AKI, a subset of patients had proteinuria with biopsies revealing corresponding glomerular lesions of minimal change disease and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Conclusions

Our case series demonstrates that AKI from immune checkpoint inhibitors has a variable presentation that may require an individualized treatment approach. Further studies are needed to identify biomarkers that may help identify those at risk and guide the management of this condition.
CD27 signaling inhibits tumor growth and metastasis via CD8 + T cell-independent mechanisms in the B16-F10 melanoma model
Authors: Puppala Eswara Rao , Wu Long , Fan Xiaoxuan , Cao Xuefang
Published: August 2024

CD27 belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and acts as a co-stimulatory molecule, modulating T and B cell responses. CD27 stimulation enhances T cell survival and effector functions, thus providing opportunities to develop therapeutic strategies. The current study aims to investigate the role of endogenous CD27 signaling in tumor growth and metastasis. CD8 + T cell-specific CD27 knockout (CD8Cre-CD27fl) mice were developed, while global CD27 knockout (KO) mice were also used in our studies. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed that CD27 was deleted specifically from CD8 + T cells without affecting CD4 + T cells, B cells, and HSPCs in the CD8Cre-CD27fl mice, while CD27 was deleted from all cell types in global CD27 KO mice. Tumor growth and metastasis studies were performed by injecting B16-F10 melanoma cells subcutaneously (right flank) or intravenously into the mice. We have found that global CD27 KO mice succumbed to significantly accelerated tumor growth compared to WT controls. In addition, global CD27 KO mice showed a significantly higher burden of metastatic tumor nests in the lungs compared to WT controls. However, there was no significant difference in tumor growth curves, survival, metastatic tumor nest counts between the CD8Cre-CD27fl mice and WT controls. These results suggest that endogenous CD27 signaling inhibits tumor growth and metastasis via CD8 + T cell-independent mechanisms in this commonly used melanoma model, presumably through stimulating antitumor activities of other types of immune cells.
Chimeric antigen receptor dendritic cells targeted delivery of a single tumoricidal factor for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Duan Rong , Milton Philip , Sittplangkoon Chutamath , Liu Xin , Sui Zhining , Boyce Brendan F. , Yao Zhenqiang
Published: August 2024

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have been used to treat blood cancers by producing a wide variety of cytokines. However, they are not effective in treating solid cancers and can cause severe side-effects, including cytokine release syndrome. TNFα is a tumoricidal cytokine, but it markedly increases the protein levels of cIAP1 and cIAP2, the members of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of E3 ubiquitin ligase that limits caspase-induced apoptosis. Degradation of IAP proteins by an IAP antagonist does not effectively kill cancer cells but enables TNFα to strongly induce cancer cell apoptosis. It would be a promising approach to treat cancers by targeted delivery of TNFα through an inactive adoptive cell in combination with an IAP antagonist.

Methods

Human dendritic cells (DCs) were engineered to express a single tumoricidal factor, TNFα, and a membrane-anchored Mucin1 antibody scFv, named Mucin 1 directed DCs expressing TNFα (M-DCsTNF). The efficacy of M-DCsTNF in recognizing and treating breast cancer was tested in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Mucin1 was highly expressed on the surface of a wide range of human breast cancer cell lines. M-DCsTNF directly associated with MDA-MB-231 cells in the bone of NSG mice. M-DCsTNF plus an IAP antagonist, SM-164, but neither alone, markedly induce MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell apoptosis, which was blocked by TNF antibody. Importantly, M-DCsTNF combined with SM-164, but not SM-164 alone, inhibited the growth of patient-derived breast cancer in NSG mice.

Conclusion

An adoptive cell targeting delivery of TNFα combined with an IAP antagonist is a novel effective approach to treat breast cancer and could be expanded to treat other solid cancers. Unlike CAR-T cell, this novel adoptive cell is not activated to produce a wide variety of cytokines, except for additional overexpressed TNF, and thus could avoid the severe side effects such as cytokine release syndrome.
Are We Overlooking Harms of BDDE-Cross-Linked Dermal Fillers? A Scoping Review
Authors: Wojtkiewicz Marta , Stachura Albert , Roszkowski Bartłomiej , Winiarska Natalia , Kazimierska Karolina , Stachura Kamilla
Published: August 2024

1,4-Butanediol ether (BDDE) is widely used as a cross-linker for hyaluronic acid in dermal fillers. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine the state of knowledge about the behaviour of cross-linked substances and safety of BDDE application. The rationale behind the review came from the clinical experience of one of the authors (KS), who noticed adverse reactions after BDDE-linked hyaluronan application. The scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Out of 399 articles, 52 met the inclusion criteria. Data on study design, sample/population, aims, methodology, outcomes and funding were extracted. Results were charted according to 6 subtopics: rheological properties, hydrogel stability, BDDE toxicity, immunogenicity, tissue interactions and clinical studies. In vitro, cross-linked hydrogels were characterized as effective fillers in terms of viscosity and elasticity; however, previously uncharacterized by-products of the cross-linking reaction were found. Most in vivo studies reported increased dermis regeneration, vascularization and anti-inflammatory cytokine release after implantation of BDDE-cross-linked substances. In clinical studies, BDDE was shown to sensitize subjects to 1,6-hexanediol ether and other substances found in epoxy resin systems. Occupational dermatitis and hypersensitivity reactions were documented. Our review shows that BDDE may have long-term adverse effects, which are overlooked in the safety assessment of fillers. Reviews on BDDE conducted so far have mostly been sponsored by the industry, potentially leading to incomplete reporting of adverse effects. A review of the occurrence of allergic reactions after commercial dermal filler use and analysis of possibly harmful by-products of BDDE hyaluronan degradation are needed.

Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
LGI1 encephalitis: potentially complement-activating anti-LGI1-IgG subclasses 1/2/3 are associated with the development of hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Bien Christian G. , Rada Anna , Mertens Markus , Bien Corinna I. , Bauer Jan , Hagemann Anne , Woermann Friedrich G.
Published: August 2024

Two-thirds of published patients with anti-leucine rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis develop hippocampal sclerosis (HS). It is likely that this contributes to residual cognitive long-term deficits and the risk of epilepsy. Almost all patients harbor anti-LGI1-immunoglobulin G-(IgG-) subclass 4, which is considered a “benign”, non-destructive subclass. In contrast, neuropathological case studies have suggested that the classical complement cascade may contribute to mediotemporal cell death in patients with LGI1 antibodies. IgG subclasses 1, 2, or 3 are required to initiate this cascade. We hypothesized that patients with these anti-LGI1-IgG1/2/3 in addition to IgG4 have a higher risk of developing HS than patients with anti-LGI1-IgG4 alone. We retrospectively assessed all anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients from this center with anti-LGI1-IgG-subclass information and follow-up MRI available. Nine out of 20 patients had developed HS (45%). Volumetric FreeSurfer analysis confirmed the visual HS diagnoses. HS and a lower hippocampal volume were associated with anti-LGI1-IgG1/2/3. All six patients with this IgG subclass status developed HS. There was no association with older or younger age at onset, female sex, longer latency from disease onset to start of immunotherapy, less intense immunotherapy, higher serum titers of LGI1 antibodies, LGI1 antibodies in CSF or higher LGI1-specific antibody indices. There was no association between anti-LGI1-IgG1/2/3 status and neuropsychological performance, epilepsy, or general neurological performance. This confirms our hypothesis that anti-LGI1-IgG1/2/3 in serum puts patients at risk of developing HS. If these findings can be confirmed and clinically corroborated, patients with anti-LGI1-IgG1/2/3 might become candidates for anti-complement-directed immunological treatments.
Therapeutic potential of oral alginate nanoparticles against experimental toxoplasmosis
Authors: Rashed Hoda A. , Abdel-Bary Amany , Elmorsy Eman A.
Published: August 2024

Side effects and low efficacy of current anti-toxoplasmosis therapeutics against encysted bradyzoites necessitate research into alternative safe therapeutic options. The safety, immunostimulatory, and antimicrobial properties of alginate nanoparticle formulation (Alg-NP) highlight its potential as an oral therapy against acute toxoplasmosis. In the current study, Alg-NP was formulated and characterized and then assessed for its anti-Toxoplasma effects using parasitological, ultrastructural, immunological, and histopathological studies. Treatment with Alg-NP significantly prolonged mice survival and reduced the parasite burden in both peritoneal fluid and tissue impression smears. In addition, it altered parasite viability and caused severe tachyzoite deformities as evidenced by ultrastructural studies. Alg-NP induced high levels of serum IFN-γ in infected mice with significant amelioration in histopathological changes in both hepatic and splenic tissue sections. In conclusion, Alg-NP could be considered a promising therapeutic agent against acute murine toxoplasmosis, and owing to its safety, it could potentially be enlisted for human use.
Genome-wide assessment of shared genetic landscape of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its comorbidities
Authors: Yang Yuanhao , Sheng Yong H , Carreira Patricia , Wang Tong , Zhao Huiying , Wang Ran
Published: August 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease accompanied by both local and systemic comorbidities. Genetic factors play a role in the development of IPF and certain associated comorbidities. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether there are shared genetic factors underlying IPF and these comorbidities. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic investigation into the shared genetic architecture between IPF and ten prevalent heritable comorbidities (i.e., body mass index [BMI], coronary artery disease [CAD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], gastroesophageal reflux disease, lung cancer, major depressive disorder [MDD], obstructive sleep apnoea, pulmonary hypertension [PH], stroke, and type 2 diabetes), by utilizing large-scale summary data from their respective genome-wide association studies and multi-omics studies. We revealed significant (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) and moderate genetic correlations between IPF and seven comorbidities, excluding lung cancer, MDD and PH. Evidence suggested a partially putative causal effect of IPF on CAD. Notably, we observed FDR-significant genetic enrichments in lung for the cross-trait between IPF and CAD and in liver for the cross-trait between IPF and COPD. Additionally, we identified 65 FDR-significant genes over-represented in 20 biological pathways related to the etiology of IPF, BMI, and COPD, including inflammation-related mucin gene clusters. Several of these genes were associated with clinically relevant drugs for the treatment of IPF, CAD, and/or COPD. Our results underscore the pervasive shared genetic basis between IPF and its common comorbidities and hold future implications for early diagnosis of IPF-related comorbidities, drug repurposing, and the development of novel therapies for IPF.
Timing and cortical region matter: theta power differences between teenagers affected by Major Depression and healthy controls
Authors: Gradwohl Gideon , Snipes Sophia , Walitza Susanne , Huber Reto , Gerstenberg Miriam
Published: August 2024

In adults affected by Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), most findings point to higher electroencephalographic (EEG) theta power during wake compared to healthy controls (HC) as a potential biomarker aiding the diagnostic process or subgrouping for stratified treatment. Besides these group differences, theta power is modulated by time of day, sleep/wake history, and age. Thus, we aimed at assessing if the time of recording alters theta power in teenagers affected by MDD or HC. Standardized wake EEG power was assessed with high-density EEG in 15 children and adolescents with MDD and in 15 age- and sex-matched HC in the evening and morning. Using a two-way ANOVA, group, time, and their interaction were tested. In patients, the current severity of depression was rated using the Children’s Depression Rating Scale. Broadband EEG power was lower in the morning after sleep, with a significant interaction (group x time) in central regions in the 4-6 Hz range. In MDD relative to HC, theta power was decreased over occipital areas in the evening and increased over frontal areas in the morning. A higher frontal theta power was correlated with more severe depressive mood in the morning but not in the evening. This was a cross-sectional study design, including patients on antidepressant medication. In conclusion, depending on time of recording, region-specific opposite differences of theta power were found between teenagers with MDD and HC. These findings stress the importance of the time of the recording when investigating theta power’s relationship to psychopathology.
Digital wear analysis and retention of poly-ether-ether-ketone retentive inserts versus conventional nylon inserts in locator retained mandibular overdentures: in-vitro study
Authors: Fayed Mahmoud Saleh , Elsherbini Nancy Nader , Mohsen Bassem , Osman Reham
Published: August 2024

Objective

this study aimed to digitally compare wear behavior and retention between PEEK and nylon retentive inserts used in locator-retained, mandibular implant overdentures when attachment design and size were standardized.

Materials and methods

A total of sixty-four inserts (32 PEEK and 32 nylon inserts); were picked-up in implant overdentures. Overdentures of both groups were submerged in artificial saliva and mounted to chewing simulator. After 480,000 chewing cycles (equivalent to 2 years of clinical use) all inserts were scanned by scanning electron microscope (SEM), then all acquired images were digitally analyzed by software to detect and compare quantitative and qualitative changes of inserts in both groups. On the other hand, retention of both groups was measured by universal testing machine and the collected data was statistically analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test with significance level set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results

PEEK inserts showed significantly higher mean retentive values compared to the nylon inserts in the control group. Also, PEEK retentive inserts exhibited statistically lower mean wear values than the control group P ≥ 0.000. Qualitative investigation revealed significant and more pronounced changes in the surface roughness of nylon inserts compared to PEEK ones.

Conclusions

Regarding retention, wear behavior and dimension stability, PEEK can be recommended as retentive insert material in cases of locator-retained mandibular implant overdentures.

Clinical relevance

PEEK inserts offer enhanced retention, reduced wear, and greater dimensional stability over two years time interval. Clinically, this reduces prosthodontic maintenance and adjustments, improving patient satisfaction and long-term prosthetic success.
The Tet-on system for controllable gene expression in the rock-inhabiting black fungus Knufia petricola
Authors: Erdmann Eileen A. , Brandhorst Antonia K. M. , Gorbushina Anna A. , Schumacher Julia
Published: August 2024

Knufia petricola is a black fungus that colonizes sun-exposed surfaces as extreme and oligotrophic environments. As ecologically important heterotrophs and biofilm-formers on human-made surfaces, black fungi form one of the most resistant groups of biodeteriorating organisms. Due to its moderate growth rate in axenic culture and available protocols for its transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, K.petricola is used for studying the morpho-physiological adaptations shared by extremophilic and extremotolerant black fungi. In this study, the bacteria-derived tetracycline (TET)-dependent promoter (Tet-on) system was implemented to enable controllable gene expression in K. petricola. The functionality i.e., the dose-dependent inducibility of TET-regulated constructs was investigated by using GFP fluorescence, pigment synthesis (melanin and carotenoids) and restored uracil prototrophy as reporters. The newly generated cloning vectors containing the Tet-on construct, and the validated sites in the K. petricola genome for color-selectable or neutral insertion of expression constructs complete the reverse genetics toolbox. One or multiple genes can be expressed on demand from different genomic loci or from a single construct by using 2A self-cleaving peptides, e.g., for localizing proteins and protein complexes in the K.petricola cell or for using K. petricola as host for the expression of heterologous genes.
Process optimization in the pyroconversion of native sweet potato starch: structural and functional characterization of pyrodextrin
Authors: Tsatsop Roli Karole Tsague , Djiobie Gertrude Eléonore Tchienou , Panyoo Emmanuel Akdowa , Chendjou Stive Martial Sikandi , Oladimeji Abdulkabir Oladele , Nguimbou Richard Marcel , Ngassoum Martin Benoît
Published: August 2024

This work aims to produce dextrin from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) starch by pyroconversion. The effect of dextrinization process (roasting time, temperature, and hydrochloric acid concentration) on properties (structural and functional) of starch have been studied using central composite design of experiment. Reaction conditions included: roasting time (55 and 94 min), temperature (127 and 152 °C), and hydrochloric acid concentration (0.17 and 0.43 M). The temperature (quadratic effect X22) is highly significant on the three measured responses (p < 0.05) (Color Index (CI), Turbidity (Turb), and Saccharification Percentage (SP)). Also, the findings indicated that the two most important parameters influencing the pyroconversion of sweet potato starch in the current study were temperature (X2) and hydrochloric acid concentration (X3). The optimal conditions for dextrin production obtained are 94 min, 127 °C and 0.43 M for roasting time, temperature, and hydrochloric acid concentration respectively having 97% of solubility. The FTIR analysis revealed that OH, C-H, C-O, C–C and C-O–H were the main functional groups. These functional groups remained unaffected by the pyroconversion, since the bands extend and the spectrums of all native and pyrodextrin were similar. X-Ray Diffractometry analysis results of dextrin showed that the thermal treatment reduces the crystallinity of starch. Also, this analysis shows starch has CA-type XRD patterns. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis results showed that the defined optimal production maintains the morphology of starch. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) used for thermal analysis helps to obtain the glass transition temperature of modified starch equals to 139 °C. Optimal conditions of production of pyrodextrins from sweet potato granule starches could be easily produced with improved physicochemical properties to be used as encapsulating agent or additives in food and chemical industries.
Novel enzymatic route to the synthesis of C-8 hydroxyflavonoids including flavonols and isoflavones
Authors: Dulak Kinga , Sordon Sandra , Matera Agata , Wilczak Aleksandra , Huszcza Ewa , Popłoński Jarosław
Published: August 2024

Flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) are a valuable group of biocatalysts that can regioselectively introduce a hydroxy group for the targeted modification of biologically active compounds. Here, we present the fdeE, the FMO from Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1 that is a part of the naringenin degradation pathway and is active towards a wide range of flavonoids—flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, and flavonols. Bioinformatics and biochemical analysis revealed a high similarity between the analyzed enzyme and other F8H FMOs what might indicate convergent evolutionary mechanism of flavonoid degradation pathway emergence by microorganism. A simple approach with the manipulation of the reaction environment allowed the stable formation of hydroxylation products, which showed very high reactivity in both in vivo and in vitro assays. This approach resulted in an 8-hydroxyquercetin—gossypetin titer of 0.16 g/L and additionally it is a first report of production of this compound.
Clear Masks Do Not Prevent Gains During Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing Treatment: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya , Murray Elizabeth , Velleman Shelley L. , Bricker-Katz Geraldine , Thomas Donna
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to determine the outcomes and impact of Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) treatment when clear vinyl masks were worn. DTTC is one of the few evidence-based treatments for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Given that DTTC relies on visual, auditory, and tactile cues, it was unknown if treatment gains would be demonstrated when masks were worn and how masking would impact the therapy experience for clinicians and caregivers.

Method:

A sequential mixed methods design was used to study the efficacy of DTTC treatment in children with CAS when clear masks were worn. The quantitative phase used a multiple-baseline across-participants design. Four children (each 4 years of age) participated in the treatment protocol in which 24 sessions of DTTC were provided over 8 weeks while clear vinyl face masks were worn by participants and clinicians. Whole word accuracy on treated items and generalization to easy and hard untreated items were assessed during baseline, treatment, and follow-up. Semistructured interviews were conducted with clinicians and caregivers following treatment to explore the experience of masks being worn during treatment. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis.

Results:

Three children completed the treatment protocol. Visual and statistical analyses revealed that two participants demonstrated significant treatment effects, with one also demonstrating generalization. The remaining participant demonstrated marginal treatment gains. Qualitative findings revealed two main themes: “mask wearing was inconvenient but did not prevent therapy gains” and “in-person therapy with face masks was preferable to teletherapy.”

Conclusions:

Masks did not prohibit treatment gains during DTTC therapy, with treatment effects of varying degrees shown for the three participants who completed the protocol. Together, quantitative and qualitative results indicate that mask wearing was, for most, a minor inconvenience that did not substantially interfere with the efficacy of DTTC treatment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26408854
Les oesophagites et les sténoses oesophagiennes :
diagnostic, traitement et prévention chez le chien
Authors: Blanchot Dominique
Published: August 2024

La plupart des œsophagites sont secondaires à des reflux gastroœsophagiens et se manifestent par un syndrome dysphagique.

L’endoscopie digestive est indispensable pour le diagnostic.
Les œsophagites peuvent conduire à l’apparition d’une sténose œsophagienne si elles ne sont pas traitées rapidement.
Les prokinétiques, antisécrétoires et antiacides constituent la base du traitement.

Le traitement des sténoses consiste à dilater celles-ci sous contrôle endoscopique à l’aide de dilatateurs à ballonnet.
Les anomalies de la phase oro-pharyngée chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Debeaupuits Julien , Gouardo Laurent , Aletti Edouard
Published: August 2024

La dysphagie est un terme non spécifique caractérisant une anomalie de la déglutition. L'origine d'une dysphagie est ciblée en prenant en compte la phase de la déglutition qui est atteinte : origine oropharyngée, œsophagienne ou gastro-œsophagienne.

Les anomalies de la phase oro-pharyngée se caractérisent par une difficulté à la préhension et/ou à la mastication des aliments ou par une impossibilité à faire transiter le bolus alimentaire depuis la cavité buccale jusque dans l’œsophage (phases orale, pharyngée et cricopharyngée).

Le recueil des commémoratifs permet souvent de déterminer l'étage de la dysphagie même si l’observation de l’ingestion d’un repas est parfois nécessaire.
Un examen clinique rigoureux incluant un examen neurologique est indispensable et peut permettre de trouver l'origine de la dysphagie (notamment lors d'atteinte de la phase orale). Si besoin, il peut être utile de compléter l'exploration par un examen sous anesthésie générale.

Des radiographies sont utiles pour la démarche diagnostique et surtout, pour rechercher la principale complication des dysphagies : la broncho-pneumonie par fausse déglutition.

Le recours à la vidéofluoroscopie est nécessaire pour distinguer les dysphagies d'origines pharyngées et cricopharyngées.
Nutrition - Les sondes d’oesophagostomie :
comment les utiliser en pratique
Authors: Fournet Alexandre , Manassero Mathieu
Published: August 2024

La nutrition et l’apport nutritionnel assisté sont des points clef dans la gestion thérapeutique de tout animal hospitalisé. Ils doivent être considérés chez tout animal anorexique ou ayant eu une perte de poids non intentionnel, et sont à mettre en place chez les animaux sujets à des pertes protéiques importantes. Ces points doivent être anticipés chez les animaux incapables de s’alimenter.
Ce soutien alimentaire peut s’effectuer par deux voies distinctes (entérale versus parentérale), le choix de la voie d’administration reposant en premier lieu sur l’intégrité fonctionnelle du tube digestif.

La réalimentation entérale est permise par l’utilisation de sondes d’alimentation. Parmi celles-ci, les sondes d’œsophagostomie semblent devenir, aujourd’hui, l’alternative la plus avantageuse. En effet, son positionnement requiert peu de connaissances techniques et peu de matériel spécifique ; cette technique est donc accessible à l’ensemble des vétérinaires.
A la différence d’une alimentation parentérale, une surveillance clinique continue n’est pas nécessaire et une gestion de ces sondes au domicile du propriétaire est possible ; cette technique est donc peu onéreuse.
L’animal tolère mieux ces sondes comparativement aux sondes naso-œsophagiennes, ce qui permet leur utilisation à long terme. La réalimentation est ainsi plus facile.

Les complications sont fréquentes mais sont très souvent mineures. Cependant, une bonne connaissance de la technique de pose de ces sondes et leur bonne utilisation sont requises afin de limiter ces complications.
Entérotomie et entérectomie
Authors: Manassero Mathieu , Decambron Adeline , Viateau Véronique
Published: August 2024

Le temps chirurgical débute par un examen complet de la cavité abdominale et du tractus digestif.

Après isolement du segment digestif atteint, une évaluation de sa viabilité et de sa perméabilité sur des critères précis permet de choisir le geste le plus adapté. Quelle que soit la technique, entérotomie ou entérectomie, le respect de la vascularisation, une suture en points simples ou surjets, apposant et chargeant toute la paroi, une vérification de l'étanchéité de la suture, un rinçage de la suture et de l'abdomen, et une épiploïsation du site chirurgical sont les clés de la réussite.

Ces précautions étant respectées, l’incidence et la gravité des complications, dont la plus grave est la déhiscence, sont diminuées.

L'utilisation de pinces automatiques, pour réaliser des sutures mécaniques sans ouverture de la lumière digestive, tend à simplifier et à raccourcir le geste chirurgical (sous réserve d’une bonne maîtrise), ce qui est crucial chez des animaux débilités pour lesquels le risque chirurgical et anesthésique est particulièrement important.
Les lésions méniscales et les risques d’arthrose chez le chien
Authors: Livet Véronique , Boulocher Caroline , Cachon Thibaut
Published: August 2024

Les ménisques du grasset sont deux fibrocartilages en forme de demi-lune ayant de nombreuses fonctions au sein de l’articulation, notamment d’augmenter nettement la congruence entre les condyles fémoraux et le plateau tibial, d’amortir les chocs en dispersant les contraintes et de favoriser le glissement articulaire.

Les lésions méniscales sont une cause très fréquente de douleur du grasset et de boiterie chez le chien. Elles sont presque toujours associées à la rupture du ligament croisé crânial dans cette espèce, contrairement au chat où elles sont reliées à la présence d’arthrose.

Le diagnostic repose sur l’examen clinique pouvant révéler un clic méniscal, les examens d’imagerie tel l’imagerie par résonance magnétique, l’arthro-scanner ou l’échographie mais c’est l’exploration de l’articulation par arthrotomie ou, de préférence, par arthroscopie (examen le plus sensible) qui permet d’obtenir le diagnostic final.
Le traitement des lésions méniscales reste actuellement la méniscectomie partielle ou l’hémi-méniscectomie afin de retirer les parties endommagées. Cependant, même si cela soulage la douleur de l’animal, ce traitement accélère l’apparition d’arthrose.

Les futurs traitements des lésions méniscales se tournent vers des allogreffes naturelles ou synthétiques, ou l’utilisation d’implants (ie prothèses).
Obstructions et sub-obstructions urétérales : quand les suspecter ? quelle démarche diagnostique ?
Authors: Dufayet Cédric
Published: August 2024

En empêchant l’écoulement normal de l’urine du rein vers la vessie, l’obstruction urétérale entraîne une augmentation de pression intrarénale et urétérale. Il en résulte une chute du débit de filtration glomérulaire ainsi que des dégâts potentiellement irréversibles sur le rein atteint.
L’obstruction urétérale sur calcul chez le chat a vu sa prévalence considérablement augmenter au cours des deux dernières décennies, au point de devenir la principale cause d’insuffisance rénale aiguë dans cette espèce.
Elle participe également dans certains cas, à l’installation et à la progression d’une maladie rénale chronique. Les signes cliniques sont en général vagues et peu spécifiques.
Le diagnostic repose essentiellement sur les examens d’imagerie. Dans la grande majorité des cas, l’échographie abdominale et la radiographie conventionnelle suffisent pour confirmer et pour caractériser une obstruction urétérale.
Dans les cas plus complexes, le recours à une pyélographie antérograde ou à un examen tomodensitométrique peut être nécessaire.
Prise en charge chirurgicale des tumeurs ano-rectales chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Valin Isabelle
Published: August 2024

Différents abords chirurgicaux sont proposés en fonction de la topographie et de l’étendue de la lésion : chirurgie trans-anale (pull out et pull through), ou trans-pariétale (abord périnéal et par symphysiotomie).

Les techniques d’anastomose peuvent être manuelles, en points simples tranfixant de mono-filament résorbable, ou mécaniques (EEA ou BAR systèmes).

Une chirurgie soignée dans l’asepsie (contrôle de la contamination fécale du site), dans la préservation de la vascularisation, le contrôle des tensions sur l’anastomose, la préservation d’au moins 50 p. cent de la circonférence du canal anal et du sphincter anal externe est indispensable pour limiter les complications de déhiscence, de sténose et d’incontinence.
Le prolapsus rectal : diagnostic, étiologie et prise en charge
Authors: Taroni Mathieu , Cachon Thibaut
Published: August 2024

Le prolapsus rectal est une affection dont la prise en charge immédiate peut paraître aisée. Cependant, afin d’assurer une résolution définitive et d’éviter les récidives, la cause doit être identifiée et traitée. Le prolapsus intervient suite à une dyschésie associée à ténesme fécal ou urinaire chronique.
Celui-ci peut être secondaire à une affection urogénitale, une inflammation du tractus digestif d’origine parasitaire ou non, ou encore à une tumeur colorectale. D’autres causes associées à un prolapsus peuvent être une constipation, une incompétence sphinctérienne anale ou la conséquence d’une herniorraphie périnéale. La cause du ténesme doit ainsi être identifiée et traitée.

Il convient également de faire la différence entre un prolapsus rectal et une intussusception prolabée, en passant un instrument non vulnérant ou un doigt entre l’anus et le prolapsus. Si l’instrument s’enfonce, il s’agit d’une intussusception.
La réduction du prolapsus est réalisée de manière précoce afin de limiter les lésions de la muqueuse digestive. Une suture en bourse est mise en place 3 à 5 jours pour éviter les récidives le temps de traiter la cause, mais des selles molles doivent pouvoir passer par l’anus. En cas d’échec de la suture en bourse, une colopexie peut être réalisée. Dans le cas d’ulcération ou nécrose au niveau du tissu prolabé, une résection des lésions est réalisée.

La résection doit être évitée dans la mesure du possible chez le chat en raison de sténoses cicatricielles post-opératoires.
Diagnostic et traitement de la furonculose anale chez le chien
Authors: Viateau Véronique
Published: August 2024

La furonculose anale, inflammation chronique évolutive et invalidante à l’origine d’ulcérations qui atteignent les régions péri-anales et péri-rectales, résulte d’un dysfonctionnement immunitaire, d’origine vraisemblablement multifactorielle. Elle est fréquente chez le Berger allemand.

Le diagnostic repose sur l’observation d’ulcérations, parfois surinfectées, atteignant la région péri-anale, associée le plus souvent à une dyschésie, un ténesme, une constipation et parfois une perte de poids et/ou un abattement.
Le traitement repose sur l’administration d’un traitement immunosuppresseur associé à une modification du régime alimentaire et, en présence d’une infection, à une antibiothérapie de courte durée. Ce traitement est suivi, en présence d’une résolution incomplète des fistules ou d’une récidive après arrêt du traitement, d’une résection chirurgicale.
Bien menée, cette stratégie conduit à la guérison dans plus de 95 p. cent des cas. Lorsqu’elle est pratiquée dans la foulée de l’immunosuppression, les suites de l’intervention chirurgicale sont simples.

Les complications se limitent alors à des déhiscences localisées répondant bien à une antisepsie locale et, plus rarement, à la perte accidentelle et transitoire de petites quantités de selles.

Lorsque l’intervention chirurgicale est trop onéreuse, un traitement immunosuppresseur d’entretien permet le plus souvent, si ce n’est de guérir les lésions, d’assurer une qualité de vie satisfaisante.
Comment utiliser les détergents et les désinfectants en collectivités canines et félines
Authors: Debordeaux Christelle , Flaus Laurent
Published: August 2024

Comment utiliser les détergents et désinfectants en collectivités canines et félines ?

La grande diversité de produits nettoyants et désinfectants disponibles sur le marché rend le choix complexe.
En collectivités canines et félines, l’enjeu est d’autant plus important que les agents pathogènes récurrents sont souvent les plus difficiles à éliminer.

Les désinfectants chimiques appartiennent à différentes familles et les effets sur les pathogènes varient avec la composition du produit (présence de plusieurs substances actives, d’excipient, …). Le choix doit donc s’appuyer sur des critères tels que les normes testées, le temps d’action, ou l’innocuité.

L’objectif final est de diminuer significativement le nombre d’agents pathogènes présents dans la collectivité, de préserver ainsi la santé des animaux et à terme, et de limiter le recours aux antibiotiques.
Prévention du syndrome coryza en collectivités félines
Authors: Fontaine Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Le syndrome coryza est une grande dominante pathologique des collectivités félines, qu’il s’agisse d’élevages ou de refuges. Dans ces structures, ces problèmes sont principalement causés par l’herpesvirus félin (FHV-1). Ces maladies se transmettent essentiellement par contact entre les animaux, et non par voie aérienne.
La vaccination est la mesure clé de la prophylaxie médicale. La mise en place de mesures pour prévenir le stress est la priorité en termes de prophylaxie sanitaire (utilisation de phéromones, enrichissement environnemental, “spot cleaning”).
Approche d’une infertilité en élevage
Authors: Rosset Emilie
Published: August 2024

La population croissante des chiens et des chats de race, les raisons financières, les raisons sentimentales... sont autant de facteurs qui expliquent la recrudescence des consultations pour infertilité.

Face à l’infertilité en élevage canin ou félin, une approche globale est nécessaire car les éléments qui interfèrent avec la fertilité ne sont pas limités à l’appareil génital. De plus, l’infertilité a des causes très variées et peut se manifester longtemps après l’événement déclencheur. Le vétérinaire doit donc se rendre sur place et appréhender l’élevage dans son ensemble (locaux, nettoyage, prophylaxie, alimentation, ...) avant de réaliser une approche individuelle focalisée sur l’appareil reproducteur. C’est avant tout une mauvaise reconnaissance du moment optimal pour la saillie qui est le plus souvent à l’origine d’infertilité chez la femelle.

L’infertilité est un syndrome pour lequel il est difficile de détailler une conduite type à adopter, et pour chaque élevage, la démarche doit être raisonnée. L’élevage français évolue de plus en plus vers une professionnalisation des éleveurs avec une implication grandissante du vétérinaire. Ceci est un atout supplémentaire d’améliorer à la fois, les conditions d’élevage de nos carnivores domestiques, mais aussi, la relation éleveur-vétérinaire.
La biosécurité externe vis-à-vis d’insectes vecteurs
Authors: Dufour Barbara , Payne Ariane , Grimaud Yannick , Cardinale Eric
Published: August 2024

Dans le cadre de la biosécurité externe, la lutte contre les insectes vecteurs de pathogènes (lutte antivectorielle) est un des points critiques souvent complexe à maîtriser.

De nombreuses méthodes peuvent être mise en œuvre : la lutte chimique, la lutte biologique, la lutte mécanique, la lutte environnementale et génétique ainsi que la vaccination.

Chacune des méthodes peut s’inscrire dans un cadre préventif et/ou curatif et doit être évaluée constamment pour en garantir l’efficacité.

Ces méthodes sont présentées dans cet article et leurs avantages et leurs limites déclinés en fonction des vecteurs et des contextes épidémiologiques.