bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Konsep Kecerdasan Spiritual berdasar Kisah Luqman dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Rohmah Noer , Roihanah
Published: March 2022

Spiritual intelligence is an important study in the world of education because of its impact and role in shaping meaningful human beings in life. Humans who have closeness to God as well as concern for others. For this reason, Islamic education requires a concept of spiritual intelligence that can be applied to form a generation of Muslims with this type of intelligence. This study seeks to produce the concept of spiritual intelligence based on the verses of the Qur'an, about the Luqman family story contained in Surah Luqman verses 12-19. Through library research, data was collected using documentation techniques, then analyzed using the maudhu'i or thematic method, by discussing the verses of the Qur'an based on the theme. The results of the study explain that there are several aspects of spiritual intelligence in the surah and the verse, namely: spiritual aspects which include the command to be grateful, not to commit shirk, being able to do good and prevent evil, and being able to be patient. Furthermore, the biological aspect is the command to establish prayer and the social aspect which includes: the necessity to always obey both parents and get along with fellow humans with good association. Then some aspects of this spiritual intelligence can be actualized in the implementation of the pillars of Islam, the pillars of faith and ihsan.
ECONOMIC VIOLENCE AND WOMAN'S LIFE
Authors: HAVA KÖPRÜLÜ Melek , AVCI Sezer
Published: March 2022

iolence against women is an issue that should be addressed as one of social problems of a society because the phenomenon of violence is a factor that takes away their right to live and prevents them from being involved in the society. The phenomenon of violence is a social reality that exists in Turkey, similar to that in other societies. When people think of violence against women, they often think of physical violence. However, both national (Turkish) and international platforms indicate that violence can be physical, sexual, psychological, and economic as well. Economic violence is one of the types of violence that women are exposed to. The economic violence refers to the use of money and economic resources on women as a means of sanction, power, and threat which impoverishes women and makes them dependent on individuals. The fact that economic violence, which is accepted as one of major barriers to economic and social development and development of countries, is accepted by a great majority of women, contributes to the fact that the existence of economic violence in that society is not noticed and is regarded normal. Women are exposed to economic violence not only by their husbands at home, but also outside the home. This exposure is based on the traditionalism of the society and the idea that men should be more dominant and have the right to decide in the political, legal and economic decision mechanisms of the society. The fact that women and men have equal rights and this can be implemented not only on paper but also in practice in order to prevent economic violence against women depends on increasing the education levels and raising awareness in the society for this sensitivity. All women in the world have the possibility to experience gender-based violence regardless of religion, language, race, economic and financial freedom, and professional status. Because of all these reasons, the fight against violence phenomenon is important not only in Turkey, but also at the global level for the welfare of all women. In this study, the problems encountered by women in business life and the effect of economic violence on women are discussed.
MATERNAL ATTACHMENT STATES OF MOTHERS OF INFANTS WITH AND WITHOUT GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: BÜLBÜL Feyza , ÖZDEMİR Serap , BALCI Serap , TÜRKÖZ Azime
Published: March 2022

This study was carried out to determine the maternal attachment status of mothers of babies with and without developmental delay. The study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. It was conducted between November 2017 and February 2018 in the Infant Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul. The study sample consisted of mothers of infants aged 1-4 months with and without developmental delay who were treated in the same clinic. Data were collected using a Questionnaire with descriptive information about the baby and family, and the Maternal Attachment Scale. While evaluating the data; descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test were used. It was determined that the mothers in the groups were closely attached to their babies whether they had developmental delays or not, and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, mothers of babies with developmental delays had more unplanned pregnancies, faced breastfeeding problems and had problems in the care of their babies. It has been observed that mothers who have babies with developmental delays experience inadequacy in baby care and need support. According to this result, it may be beneficial to increase the support given to mothers and their babies for care and to create a suitable environment that will strengthen mother-infant bonding.
Chemistry and pharmacological activities of Thiazoles –A Review Update
Authors: Somarouthu Veeraswamy
Published: March 2022

This mini-review presents a summary of literature survey on the synthetic approaches for the synthesis of thiazoles and their derivatives. Further, various biological activities of these derivatives were also summarized.
Synthesis of Substituted 1,4-Benzoxazine Derivatives through Diels-Alder Reaction
Authors: Reddy V Sivarama Krishna , Peruri V. V. Satyanarayana
Published: March 2022

An efficient synthetic protocol is presented for accessing 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives from 2-amino phenol derivatives via o-benzoquinones. The key step involves the Diels-Alder reaction between highly reactive o-quinone monoiminewith butyl vinyl ether/thioether to generate various benzoquinone derivatives.
Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Plocama pendula root extract
Authors: Babu Dr.Kuppala Manohar , Mounika Pandrinki Geetha , Pawan kumar Rakurthi J S D , Priyanka Nunna , Durga Sravani Ayasetti
Published: March 2022

Plocama is a flowering plant genus belonging to Rubiaceae family. The natural products are soxlated from the dried powder of Plocama root with various solvents like n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform, Water and Ethanol. Phytochemical screening revealed that Alkaloids are present in chloroform extract whereas Anthocyanins are present in ethanol extract. Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Alkaloids and Phenolic compounds are present in water extract. In the present study, Plocama pendula root water extract (PPRWE) (400 mg/kg) produced significant antidepressant effect in Forced swim test & Tail Suspension Test. Ecliptin alkaloid & Culumbin, a flavonoid present in PPRWE may be facilitating monoaminergic transmission there by producing antidepressant effects. In this work, it was demonstrated that the administration of different doses of the water extract of Plocama pendula root in mice was able to induce antidepressant effects. On the basis of the clinical association of depressive episodes and stressful life events, many of the animal models for the evaluation of antidepressant drug activity assess stress‐precipitated behaviors. Results of this study showed that the administration of the PPRWE produced a diminution of immobility time of mice exposed to the both forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Harmaline alkaloidspresent in Plocama pendulaact as reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors and in common with other beta carboline binds to 5‐Hydroxy Tryptamine receptors. Inhibition of this enzyme causes a reduction in metabolism and subsequent increase in the concentration of biogenic amines. The flavonoid components of PPRWE might be interacting with adrenergic and serotonergic systems in mediating the antidepressant effects of PPRWE. However, the precise mechanisms by which the extract produced antidepressant‐like effect are not completely understood. Further studies would be necessary to evaluate the contribution of active chemical constituents for the observed antidepressant activity.
Developments On 1,2,4-Triazine Scaffold Substitutions For Possible Anticancer Agents
Authors: John Vartika , Raju Gali Pushpa , Lakshmi G.J.V.S.N.D. , Lurdu Rani Bhavanam , Bollikolla H.B.
Published: March 2022

Recent literature studies reveal that heterocyclic scaffolds containing a 1,2,4-triazine ring have gained due significance owing to their pharmacological relevance. This article gives an insight on the different methods used for synthesis of 1,2,4-triazine, its derivatives such as N-oxides, N,N’-dioxides, benzo and hetero-fused systems. The main focus will be on the anti-cancer activities of the 1,2,4-triazine moiety.
Adsorption Potentialities of Bio-Sorbents Derived from Pomegranate in the Removal of Methyl Red Dye from Polluted Waters
Authors: Kokkiligadda Venkata Ramana , Veni Pokala Rama Krishna , Karumuri Anusha , Bollikola Hari Babu
Published: March 2022

Synthetically prepared simulated waste waters was used for exploring sorption abilities of the sorbent substance obtained from barks and leaves of Pomegranate towards Methyl Red. Factors that affect adsorption like temperature, adsorbent dosage, starting dye concentration and time of contact were evaluated. Four adsorption isotherms namely Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich were analyzed for studying equilibrium of adsorption. Rate and adsorption process kinetics were identified by applying Weber and Morrish intra particle diffusion, Bangham’s pore diffusion, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich equations. Fivefold excess of common ions interference in natural aquifers, have been analyzed. Cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cu2+have shown little interference but Fe2+ and Zn2+ions combinedly maintained maximum withdrawal of the dye. Procedures that were developed could be successfully applied to few industrial effluents. Data collected out of experimentation was suitable to the pseudo-First order kinetic standard. Correlation coefficient (R2) and dimensionless separation factor (RL) values conformed that adsorption process follows Langmuir adsorption indicating single layer formation. The adsorption process had good correlation coefficient equivalence with pseudo-second-order model. Temperature effect was also studied
C-dimethylated Chalcones:Towards Possible Dual Acting Agents-Against Tuberculosis and cancer(A549) and an SAR study
Authors: Anandam Rambabu , Khandapu Bala Murali Krishna , Kasturi Jyothi K , Thripuram Vijaya Durga , Ala Vasu Babu , Mannam Krishna Murthy , Bollikolla Hari Babu
Published: March 2022

A series of seventeen C-dimethyl chalcones on ring ‘A’ were synthesized by using a known condensation method. The chalcones include the utilization of heterocyclic aldehydes such as N,N-dimethyl benzaldehyde, furfural-2-aldehyde, and N-methyl indole aldehyde. All the compounds were found to possess moderate to potent anticancer activity on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line “A549” in the MTT cell proliferation method. The dimethyl chalcone 9f with furfural ring was found to possess potent anti-cancer activity followed by 9m with o-chloro substitution on ring ‘B’ with IC50values of 1.0 and 1.2 μg/mL respectively. Similarly compounds 9n, 9j, 9g, 9k, 9p, 9d, 9b,and 9ealso showed good anti-cancer activity (IC50values from 6.5 to 9.8μg/mL). Further, the compounds were also compared with the known anti-TB activities in order to ascertain their properties towards dual acting agents against tuberculosis and cancer for more beneficiaries.
Old and Modern Antibiotic Structures with Potential for Today’s Infections
Authors: Newman David
Published: March 2022

Due to the lack of new antibiotics with efficacy against the ESKAPE and other resistant microbes, coupled to the demise of major pharmaceutical company antibiotic discovery programs, due to a number of factors but mainly ROI calculations and the lack of efficacy of combinatorial chemistry as a substitute, the search for novel antibiotics may well have moved to the utilization of older structures with significant synthetic chemistry input. This short review demonstrates how modern synthetic chemistry, when applied to either modification of current resistant antibiotics such as glycopeptides, or production of novel peptidic agents based on natural product sourced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and other potential initial peptide-based agents from genomic searches and baiting techniques, have produced active agents of significant utility. In addition, synthetic chemistry practitioners have now shown that they can produce bioactive molecules of greater than 800 Daltons in kilogram quantities under cGMP conditions.
El sentimiento kantiano de respeto como núcleo normativo en investigaciones sociales en contextos de vulnerabilidad
Authors: Lozano Aguilar José Félix
Published: March 2022

La investigación en ciencias sociales, sea observacional o de intervención, se enfrenta a situaciones donde la dignidad de las personas participantes y el respeto a las prácticas culturales pueden verse seriamente afectadas. El objetivo de este artículo es doble. En primer lugar, vamos a reflexionar sobre los retos éticos a los que se enfrenta la investigación en ciencias sociales, con especial consideración a las investigaciones en contextos de vulnerabilidad. En segundo lugar, propondremos el sentimiento kantiano de respeto como marco normativo para orientar la investigación en ciencias sociales.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Analysis of Normal Cerebral White Matter at Different Regions
Authors: Neelima Penumalli , Krishna Vadana Bala Murali , Teja Kanneganti Dharma , Rao K Chandra Sekhara , Chander BN , Rani Pyla Sudha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a definitive method to check out structural and anatomical abnormalities of the brain, but it does not give any information regarding the functional or metabolic properties. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is widely used now-a-days for clinical applications and it also provides information about the metabolic properties of region of interest. The ideal way to analyse the magnetic resonance spectrum is to look at metabolite ratios such as NAA/Cr (N-Acetylaspartate and Creatine), Cho/Cr (Choline/Creatine) and NAA/Cho (N-Acetylaspartate/Choline). Aim: To evaluate normal ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho in normal cerebral white matter in Indian population. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out on 100 individuals with no history of trauma or known psychiatric illness who attended the Department of Radiodiagnosis in a period of two years from September 2010 to September 2012 in Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinnaoutpalli, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. All data were collected, tabulated and statistically analysed using XLSTAT data analysis tool (Microsoft Excel) version 2010. Results: The study was done in two cohorts. One includes study population of age range 20-35 years and other includes study population of age range 36-50 years. A total of 100 individuals were evaluated by performing MRS scan of which 65 were male (65%) and 35 were female (35%). The obtained ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/ Cr and NAA/Cho in 20-35 study age groups were 1.85, 0.81, 2.38, respectively. The obtained ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho in 36-50 study age group were 1.81, 0.84, 2.23, respectively. Conclusion: The MRS is a non-invasive, radiation-free technique and is helpful to provide the metabolite information related to underlying dynamic physiology while being used as an adjuvant to MRI.
Physically Detachable and Operationally Stable Cs2SnI6 Photodetector Arrays Integrated with µ‐LEDs for Broadband Flexible Optical Systems
Authors: Krishnaiah Mokurala , Kim Seungyeob , Kumar Ajit , Mishra Dhananjay , Seo Seung Gi , Jin Sung Hun
Published: March 2022

With the surge in perovskite research, practical features for future applications are desired to be secured, but the reliability of the materials and the use of hazardous Pb are longstanding problems. Here, an air‐stable Cs2SnI6 (CSI) is prepared via diluted hydriodic acid solvent‐based precursor optimization during scalable hydrothermal growth. Materials characterization is performed using various elemental peak analyses and crystallographic identification. The resulting CSI exhibits long‐term operating stability over 6 months, i) at elevated temperatures, ii) in ambient air, and iii) under light illumination from UV to near‐infrared. More importantly, to demonstrate an intriguing class of applications up to system level, physically detachable CSI photodetector arrays (PD‐arrays), integrated with micro‐light‐emitting‐diodes (μ‐LEDs) arrays, are successfully fabricated. In addition, 3 × 3 flexible CSI PDs are fully operational, even in air, and their spatial uniformity in pixels is quantitatively evaluated. The charge‐transport mechanisms of the CSI PDs under light and elevated temperature are assessed via temperature‐dependent characterization from 148 to 373 K, implying the involvement of 3D variable‐range hopping. Multicycle evaluation of the CSI PD‐arrays confirms their operational stability in AC and DC modes, demonstrating this platform's potential benefit for wireless optical interconnection in advanced Si technology.
Robust Preparation and Pore Structure Design of Homogeneous Braid‐Reinforced PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Xiao Changfa
Published: March 2022

In this work, the homogeneous braid‐reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane with multiple pore structure is prepared successfully based on a nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) method by adding different dioctyl phthalate (DOP) contents into the casting solution. The addition of DOP will restrict the phase separation process to avoid forming finger‐like macropores, while the placeholder and movement of DOP are conducive to the formation of more microporous and through holes. It is found that when the DOP content is 13%, the membrane has a porous surface layer with large surface pores and a cross section with bicontinuous structure. Compared with the membrane prepared without DOP, the separation flux of the membrane increases by 407% while maintaining a higher separation efficiency. Moreover, the prepared membranes reveal outstanding mechanical properties, and their tensile strength all exceeds 100 MPa. These findings indicate that the method may open more opportunities for the pore structure design based on the NIPS method.
E/Z Photoisomerization of Olefins as an Emergent Strategy for the Control of Stereodivergence in Catalysis
Authors: Corpas Javier , Mauleón Pablo , Gómez Arrayás Ramón , Carretero Juan C.
Published: March 2022

The stereoselective photoisomerization of olefins via Energy Transfer (EnT) sensitization bears significant potential in the context of rational design of catalytic stereodivergent methodologies. Whereas approaches for controlling the access to E‐ and Z‐ isomers depend highly on the nature of the catalyst – and therefore are not easily implemented as a general strategy – EnT catalysis has emerged in recent years as an increasingly powerful tool for olefin geometry control in a nearly perfect step‐economic fashion. Moreover, this approach presents both high functional group tolerance and, most notably, has demonstrated ample multicatalytic compatibility. This feature has enabled the development of tandem stereodivergent catalytic strategies, which are the focus of this Review.

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Evaluation of quinoa genotypes for their salinity tolerance at germination and seedling stages
Authors: Chaganti Vijayasatya N. , Ganjegunte Girisha K.
Published: March 2022

Freshwater scarcity and salinity stress are major constraints for irrigated agriculture in the arid West Texas region. Alternative crops that are tolerant to salinity and less water‐intensive are needed for long‐term agricultural sustainability in this region. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a halophytic crop with its seed having high market value and that can be a potential substitute for traditional crops. However, its salinity tolerance is a variable trait among genotypes and was shown to differ with growth stages. This study evaluated 25 quinoa genotypes that are suitable for growing in this arid region for their salinity tolerance at germination stage and classified them based on their stress tolerance index (STI). A completely randomized factorial design was used with water salinity and quinoa genotypes as two factors. Quinoa seeds were subjected to salinity stress at 1, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 dS m−1, their germination determined for two weeks, and seedling growth was evaluated through biomass production. Results showed that germination decreased significantly (by 60%) across all genotypes as salinity increased, with zero germination at 30 dS m−1. All genotypes differed significantly across salinity levels, with percent germination ranging between 37–72%. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, 23GR, 130R, 124R, and 31P were identified as highly salt‐tolerant genotypes at seed germination. Seedling biomass also decreased with increasing salinity, but genotypical differences were not as pronounced as at the germination stage. We conclude that salinity tolerance at germination and seedling growth stages is indeed a variable trait among selected quinoa genotypes.
Simulating the Scattering Echo and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Lidar Imaging of Rough Targets
Authors: Xue Jiyu , Cao Yunhua , Wu Zhensen , Li Yanhui , Zhang Geng , Yang Kai , Gao Ruoting
Published: March 2022

Inverse synthetic aperture lidar (ISAL) has overcome the optical diffraction limit and realized radar imaging with centimeter‐level resolution at ultra‐long distances. Taking a two‐dimensional Gaussian rough surface as an example, a method for calculating the scattered echo under the Kirchhoff approximation based on two‐dimensional Fourier transform is proposed. ISAL imaging of planar rough targets (square and circular plates) is realized using the intensity and phase information of the scattered echo. Moreover, the ISAL imaging of large rough convex targets (cone) is obtained through a coordinate transformation, and the influence of different rough targets on ISAL imaging is analyzed, revealing that as the roughness decreases, the proportion of scattering produced by coherent scattering increases, resulting in a sharper target edge, whereas increasing target roughness leads to the image energy distribution becoming more uniform.
Current trends in the development of polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases
Authors: Nechvátalová Martina , Urban Jiří
Published: March 2022

This review focuses on the development and applications of organic polymer monoliths, with special attention to the literature published in 2021. The latest protocols in the preparation of polymer monoliths are discussed. In particular, tailored surface modification using nanomaterials, the development of chiral stationary phases and development of stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography are reviewed. Furthermore, the optimization of pore forming solvents composition is also discussed. Finally, the use of monolithic stationary phases in sample treatment using solid‐phase extraction and enrichment methods, molecularly imprinted polymers and enzymatic reactors is mentioned.
Mechanical, bonding and tribological performances of epoxy‐based nanocomposite coatings with multiple fillers
Authors: Tian Jingwei , Tang Qianwen , Li Chenggao , Xian Guijun
Published: March 2022

Epoxy nanocomposite coatings play an important role in the wear protection of steel exposed in harsh service environments. How to improve the mechanical and wear resistance of coatings through filler addition is necessary to meet the industry application requirements. In the present paper, an epoxy‐based nanocomposite coating was developed with addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2), graphite, short carbon fibers (SCFs), and zinc sulfide (ZnS) for enhancement in mechanical, bonding to steel, and tribological performances. The reciprocating friction and wear performances of the coatings were investigated at room temperature and 100°C. The addition of nanometer sized TiO2 and SCFs increased the tensile properties remarkably, while the addition of graphite and ZnS deteriorated the tensile properties. The fillers of graphite and ZnS had no obvious weakening effect on the interfacial shear strength between the coatings and steel, despite the solid lubrication of graphite and weak stiffness of ZnS. Compared with the epoxy sample, the wear rate of the coating filled with optimized filler combination (TTGCS5) was reduced by 19.5 times at room temperature and 25.9 times at 100°C. Addition of ZnS increased the wear resistance more pronounced compared to that of graphite at 100°C, which was attributed to formation of a compact, continuous and stable self‐lubricating transfer film on the coating surface. The optimized content of fillers was established for an epoxy coating to obtain the best friction rates of 0.51 and 0.56 (10−4 mm3/[N·m]) at 25 and 100°C, respectively.
Additional randomization test procedures for the changing criterion design
Authors: Tanious René
Published: March 2022

The single‐point and range‐bound changing criterion design have been proposed as single‐case experimental designs. The only form of randomization currently available for these designs is phase change moment randomization. The present article describes two novel randomization procedures for changing criterion designs, the blocked alternating criterion randomization and randomized alternating criterion randomization, and illustrates their use. Appropriate randomization procedures are introduced for situations in which it is desirable to maintain the stepwise nature of the changing criterion design and situations in which the change in the dependent variable can be assumed not to follow the stepwise pattern. The article further discusses contexts in which each of the randomization procedures for the changing criterion design may be useful, and explains how the procedures maintain the researcher's flexibility.
Funny, right? How do trainee and qualified therapists experience laughter in their practice with clients?
Authors: Briggs Elizabeth , Owen Alison
Published: March 2022

Based on a substantial amount of evidence suggesting that humour can have a great amount of therapeutic benefit, three trainee and three qualified counsellors took part in semi‐structured interviews to discuss their experiences of humour within their work with their clients, and a variety of experiences were disclosed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilised to generate themes that reflect participants' experiences. The findings suggest that humour can be a natural part of the therapeutic relationship; there are key moments of humour that can shape the counselling process such as moments of real catharsis, and client use of defensive humour; clients can use humour in creative ways; and there are important risk factors that counsellors must be mindful of when humour is present in the therapy room, including the need to be aware of clients using gallows humour. Implications for training and practice are discussed, and potential areas for further research are suggested. A common suggestion put forward by participants was that therapeutic humour can be effectively and appropriately utilised even early in a counsellor's career, but that this is never mentioned in training courses, which they felt should be rectified.
Diverse Sesquiterpenoids from the Roots of Croton crassifolius and Their Inhibitory Effects on Ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Fei , Jiang Xiufen , Cao Liudan , Gu Qiong , Teng Xifeng , He Lin
Published: March 2022

One new sesquiterpenoid, 10‐epi‐lochmolin F (1), together with 13 known sesquiterpenoids, was isolated from the roots of Croton crassifolius. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was elucidated by analysis of X‐ray crystallography. All the 14 isolated sesquiterpenoids were screened for their inhibitory effects on ferroptosis in HT‐22 cells. Two compounds 4 and 7 showed certain inhibitory effects against RSL3‐induced ferroptosis with EC50 values of 10.8±2.3 μM and 15.5±0.5 μM, respectively. Here we firstly reported the sesquiterpenoids from C. crassifolius showing inhibitory effect on ferroptosis.
Wiring Xanthine Oxidase Using an Osmium‐Complex‐Modified Polymer for Application in Biosensing.
Authors: Pinyou Piyanut , Blay Vincent , Kamkaew Anyanee , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Kampaengsri Sastiya , Tongnark Montathip , Reesunthia Ichayapon , Khonru Tunjiranon , Jakmunee Jaroon
Published: March 2022

Xanthine is a metabolite of interest as a medical and food freshness biomarker. We modified a screen‐printed electrode to detect this analyte by co‐entrapping xanthine oxidase (XOD) and an Os‐complex redox polymer over carbon nanotubes. In nature, XOD transfers its electrons to oxygen in solution. We demonstrate that the introduction of the redox polymer allows routing the electrons efficiently to the electrode surface, even under air‐saturated conditions, enabling superior catalytic current and sensing performance. The bioanode was optimized by adjusting the electrode materials and the ratio of enzyme to redox polymer. The impacts of pH and ionic strength of the electrolyte on the sensor performance were also studied. We found that these variables can affect the electrostatic interaction between the enzyme and the redox polymer, and therefore impact the catalytic current extracted from xanthine oxidation. The XOD‐bioanode design was combined with a bi‐enzymatic cathode operating on glucose to demonstrate a biofuel cell (BFC). The resulting device could generate a power output of 16.56 μW cm−2 at 0.25 V and an open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.50 V using 500 μM xanthine as biofuel. The proposed xanthine/glucose BFC showed promising features for application as a self‐powered xanthine biosensor.
Enhancing value‐in‐use in the FinTech innovation context
Authors: Chen Tser‐Yieth , Yeh Tsai‐Lien
Published: March 2022

The contribution of this study is its investigation of the engine driving consumer value‐in‐use through a resource—integration capability—value framework from the perspective of a resource‐based view and a capability‐based view. We analyze how business resources and consumer resources influence individual and collective value‐in‐use via the causal mechanisms of resource integration capability and relationship integration capability. The study surveys 511 respondents in the greater Taipei area and employs a structural equation model to examine eight hypotheses. The results show that the main causal path was that consumer resources had a positive impact on relationship integration capability. Relationship integration capability showed a primarily positive impact on collective value‐in‐use.
The updated strategy to overcome new challenge: Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) pandemic
Authors: Ri HyokJu , Chen Xin
Published: March 2022

The new variant was discovered in South Africa and threatened the word of concerning new pandemic coming from this variant. The Omicron variant likely would spread more easily than the original SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, and can spread the virus to others, even if they are vaccinated or don't have symptoms.

WHO first reported the new strain on November 24, 2021, after a case was reported in South Africa in November, later calling it a ‘variant of concern’ and that early evidence ‘suggests an increased risk of reinfection’. Following the discovery of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), the global COVID‐19 outbreak has resurfaced after appearing to be relentlessly spreading over the past two years.
Policy coherence in the Nordic bioeconomy? A novel set‐theoretic approach to studying relations among policy goals
Authors: Christensen Lotte Dalgaard
Published: March 2022

The green transition requires a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels, and new innovations suggest that refined biomass can replace fossils within many different industries. In recent years, policy‐makers have therefore framed the bioeconomy as a stepping‐stone for realizing social, economic and environmental objectives in the green transition. However, the policy coherence literature faces a key challenge for analyzing whether these policy goals are indeed compatible: few methods offer a systematic approach for detecting interdependencies and interactions among three (or more) policy goals. The present paper addresses this methodological challenge by proposing a novel set‐theoretic approach, theAlternating Necessity Test, for identifying whether policies are incoherent, weakly coherent, or strongly coherent. The present paper applies this approach to the Nordic bioeconomy context, findings the Nordic bioeconomy strategy to be weakly coherent. This suggests that the Nordic countries can replace fossil fuels with refined biomass without encountering trade‐offs among social, economic and environmental policy goals, but also without experiencing any synergies. Demonstrating how policy coherence and goal compatibility can be conceptualized in set‐theoretic terms, this paper offers a novel tool for identifying those situations in which policy‐makers should focus not only on overcoming incoherence, but on progressing from weak to strong policy coherence.
It's only discrimination when they do it to us: When White men use ingroup‐serving double standards in definitional boundaries of discrimination
Authors: West Keon , Greenland Katy , van Laar Colette , Barnoth Ditte
Published: March 2022

There is a widespread agreement that discrimination is bad, but disagreement about how discrimination is defined and identified. Discrimination is sometimes defined narrowly (including only a restricted range of behaviours), and sometimes broadly (encompassing a wide range of behaviours). Three experiments (the latter two preregistered) found that White men define sexist discrimination (Study 1, N = 88) and racist discrimination (Study 2, N = 130; Study 3, N = 128) more narrowly when it was committed by their group against others and more broadly when it was directed against their group by others. Collective narcissism moderated (i.e. exacerbated) this effect in all three studies. However, when social dominance orientation (SDO) was considered simultaneously, it emerged as the more reliable moderator (Study 3). These results highlight that definitions of discrimination are not static but employed flexibly depending on context and hierarchy‐supporting motivations.
Stacked Microfluidic Paper Ethanol Fuel Cell with a Variety of Rapidly Prototyped Electrodes: Optimization and Performance Investigation
Authors: Rao Lanka Tata , Dubey Satish Kumar , Javed Arshad , Goel Sanket
Published: March 2022

Paper devices are cutting‐edge platforms for creating miniaturized energy conversion, storage, and sensing devices. In such devices, co‐laminar flow and embedded capillaries not only eliminate membranes and external pumps but also allow widespread application. The fabrication, optimization, and characterization of a microfluidic paper ethanol fuel cell (MPEFC) has been demonstrated in the presented study. The MPEFC uses ethanol and sodium hydroxide as fuel and sulfuric acid as electrolytes. Numerous experiments have been conducted to improve the performance of MPEFC by optimizing various electrode types such as laser‐induced graphene (LIG), Ag nano‐ink/LIG, buckypaper, Ag nano‐ink/buckypaper, and two different 3D printed conductive electrodes. Different electrolyte concentrations (NaOH‐0.25, 0.5, 1 m) have been studied to understand the impact on ion conductivity. It is observed that the developed MPEFC with multiwalled carbon nanotube ‐buckypaper as an optimized electrode, 1 M ethanol with 0.5 mNaOH as anolyte, and 1 mH2SO4as electrolyte delivered the best performance with a current density of 1756.2 μA cm−2, and power density of 72.62 μW cm−2, at a stable open‐circuit voltage of 235 mV with Gr 1 cellulose microchannel with parallel stacked configuration. This work demonstrates the effective enhancement of the output power with inexpensive individual MPEFC.
Factors not considered in the study of drug‐resistant epilepsy: Drug‐resistant epilepsy: Assessment of neuroinflammation
Authors: Campos‐Bedolla Patricia , Feria‐Romero Iris , Orozco‐Suárez Sandra
Published: March 2022

More than one‐third of people with epilepsy develop drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of DRE. Accumulating evidence suggests the contribution of neuroinflammation, modifications in the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), and altered immune responses in the pathophysiology of DRE. The inflammatory response is mainly due to the increase of cytokines and related molecules; these molecules have neuromodulatory effects that contribute to hyperexcitability in neural networks that cause seizure generation. Some patients with DRE display the presence of autoantibodies in the serum and mainly cerebrospinal fluid. These patients are refractory to the different treatments with standard antiseizure medications (ASMs), and they could be responding well to immunomodulatory therapies. This observation emphasizes that the etiopathogenesis of DRE is involved with immunology responses and associated long‐term events and chronic inflammation processes. Furthermore, multiple studies have shown that functional polymorphisms as risk factors are involved in inflammation processes. Several relevant polymorphisms could be considered risk factors involved in inflammation‐related DRE such as receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β). All these evidences sustained the hypothesis that the chronic inflammation process is associated with the DRE. However, the effect of the chronic inflammation process should be investigated in further clinical studies to promote the development of novel therapeutics useful in treatment of DRE.
The normative and Jural meanings of the anti‐deprivation principle vis‐à‐vis freedom of contract
Authors: Vaccari Eugenio
Published: March 2022

Contracts and clauses negotiated by the parties with the objective purpose of depriving the debtor of assets upon insolvency contravene the collective, mandatory nature of insolvency procedures and, consequently, the anti‐deprivation principle. This article provides a theoretical conceptualisation of the normative meaning of the anti‐deprivation principle by marking its separation from the principle of freedom of contract. If willingly and consistently applied by courts, this conceptualisation could provide enhanced predictability regarding the use of the anti‐deprivation principle in insolvency cases.
Di‐ and trioxides of triazolotetrazine: Computational prediction of crystal structures and estimation of physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Khakimov Dmitry V. , Zelenov Victor P. , Pivina Tatyana S.
Published: March 2022

Simulation of crystal structures of series 1(2)‐R‐1(2)H‐[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5‐e][1,2,3,4]tetrazine 5,7‐dioxides, 1,5,7‐trioxides, 4,6‐dioxides and 3,4,6‐trioxides was carried out using an original technique based on the method of atom‐atom potentials and quantum chemistry. The effect of the position of the substituent in the triazole ring on the change in the crystal structures of these compounds and their thermochemical characteristics was studied for the first time. For some of synthesized compounds, thermochemical characteristics were investigated and differential scanning calorimetry curves were obtained. Detonation parameters were calculated, on the basis of which the prospects for the use of the considered compounds were assessed.
Controlling growth of phototrophic biofilms on limestone using CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O and ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Lázaro‐Mass Stephania , De la Rosa‐García Susana , García‐Solis Claudia , Reyes‐Trujeque Javier , Soria‐Castro Montserrat , Fuentes Antonio F. , Quintana Patricia , Gómez‐Cornelio Sergio
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Deterioration by microbial activity is common in the built cultural heritage, where phototrophic microorganisms are primary colonizers that form complex communities associated with heterotrophic microorganisms. Therefore, this article analyses the antiphototrophic effect of ZnO and CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O (CZ) nanoparticles (NPs) on three limestone lithotype coupons (Xcambo, red limestone and shellstone). The nanomaterials were obtained via sol–gel (SG), hydrothermal (HT) and mechanochemical (MS) routes and characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Two concentrations of NPs (5000 and 10 000 μg mL−1) were applied to the coupons; afterwards, phototrophic microorganisms isolated from Chichén‐Itzá, Yucatan were inoculated. The percentage of protection was calculated with ImageJ software, and chromatic parameters were measured to identify visible changes in the stones.

RESULTS

The results show differences in the protective effect and color variations depending on the nanomaterials and phototrophic microorganisms applied in the limestone coupons. CZ and ZnO protect more than 72% on the surface of shellstone and Xcambo except for ZnO‐SG in shellstone. The growth of Gloeocapsa sp. in red limestone with ZnO‐SG and CZ‐SG was equal to or greater than that of the control without NPs. In general, the NPs protect the limestone surface against phototrophic microorganisms up to 10% more than commercial algaecide. The coupons treated with ZnO‐HT and CZ‐HT have greater protection against biofilm formation than other coatings.

CONCLUSIONS

In general, the coatings show a higher antiphototrophic protection than the controls, mainly the CZ‐HT coatings, with better results at lower concentration. Therefore, these nanomaterials could be used to inhibit the formation of biofilms on built cultural heritage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Social media use, professional behaviors online, and perceptions toward e‐professionalism among dental students
Authors: Kamarudin Yasmin , Mohd Nor Nor Azlida , Libamin Ann Carnelian , Suriani Ameerah Nur Hidayah , Marhazlinda Jamaludin , Bramantoro Taufan , Ramadhani Aulia , Neville Patricia
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to assess self‐reported social media use, professional behaviors online, and perceptions on e‐professionalism while using social media among dental students in two Southeast Asian universities.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved clinical dental students at University of Malaya (UM), Malaysia (n = 150) and Airlangga University (AU), Indonesia (n = 150). A questionnaire was distributed using Google Form via WhatsApp network. Data were analyzed using descriptive, Chi‐square, and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.

Results

All students responded (n = 300) and reported as active social media users. Majority spent ≥ 1 h a day on social media and checked their social media > 6 times a day. Most commonly used social media accounts were Instagram (UM: 92.7%, AU: 95.3%) and Facebook (UM: 94.7%, AU: 59.3%). A small proportion of UM and AU students admitted to posting clinical photographs, patient records, and comments about patients on social media. UM students had significantly better scores in terms of their professionalism behaviors on maintaining the integrity of the profession compared to AU students (p < 0.001). Meanwhile AU students had better scores than UM students on behaviors related to upholding colleagues’ professional image on social media (p = 0.421). Most students in UM and AU shared similar positive perceptions toward online professionalism behavior statements. Majority reported concerns over unprofessional posts online.

Conclusion

Self‐reported behaviors online sometimes contradict with students’ perceptions and concerns about being unprofessional online. There is a need for clearer educational guidelines on how to instill e‐professionalism values and behaviors among dental students.
New laboratory evidence for the association between endothelial dysfunction and COVID‐19 disease progression
Authors: Liu Nan , Long Hui , Sun Jianhua , Li Huan , He Yunting , Wang Qiang , Pan Kai , Tong Yongliang , Wang Bingshun , Wu Qingming , Gong Likun
Published: March 2022

There is growing evidence that angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 is highly expressed on endothelial cells, endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) progression, but laboratory evidence is still lacking. This study established a multicenter retrospective cohort of 966 COVID‐19 patients from three hospitals in Wuhan, China. We found that male (62.8% vs. 46.5%), old age [72 (17) vs. 60.5 (21)], and coexisting chronic diseases (88.5% vs. 60.0%) were associated with poor clinical prognosis in COVID‐19. Furthermore, the deteriorated patients exhibited more severe multiorgan damage, coagulation dysfunction, and extensive inflammation. Additionally, a cross‐sectional study including 41 non‐COVID‐19 controls and 39 COVID‐19 patients assayed endothelial function parameters in plasma and showed that COVID‐19 patients exhibited elevated vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) (median [IQR]: 0.32 [0.27] vs. 0.17 [0.11] μg/ml, p < 0.001), E‐selectin (21.06 [12.60] vs. 11.01 [4.63] ng/ml, p < 0.001), tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) (0.22 [0.12] vs. 0.09 [0.04] ng/ml, p < 0.001), and decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (0.75 [1.31] vs 6.20 [5.34] ng/ml, p < 0.001), as compared to normal controls. Moreover, VCAM‐1 was positively correlated with
d‐dimer (R = 0.544, p < 0.001); tPA was positively correlated with
d‐dimer (R = 0.800, p < 0.001) and blood urea nitrogen (R = 0.638, p < 0.001). Our findings further confirm the strong association between endothelial dysfunction and poor prognosis of COVID‐19, which offers a rationale for targeting endothelial dysfunction as a therapeutic strategy for COVID‐19.
Variation of floret development and grain setting characteristics in winter wheat responses to delayed sowing
Authors: Zhu Yuangang , Zhang Xiu , Xiao Yanyan , Chu Jinpeng , Dai Zhongmin
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Wheat floret development has been a focus of research due to a desire to improve spike fertility, which majorly influences grain yield. Sowing date plays a vital role on grain yield in wheat, and increase in the grain number per spike of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been obtained by delayed sowing. During the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons, variation in these developmental patterns was explored involving two winter wheat cultivars (Jimai 22 and Tainong 18) and five sowing dates (24 September; 1, 8, 15 and 22 October).

RESULTS

We noticed clear differences in the grain number per spikelet; delayed sowing had a greater impact on the number of fertile florets at anthesis than grain set. Significant differences in the developmental patterns of florets among spikelet positions corresponded to variations in the floret developmental rate, with faster floret development associated with higher floret fertility. Delayed sowing did not affect the grain number near the rachis, but significantly promoted grain set on distal florets. Increased spike dry weight (SDW) did not compensate for floret size or grain weight, mainly due to enhanced assimilate partitioning to florets.

CONCLUSION

Delayed sowing significantly affects floret developmental dynamics, causing differences in winter wheat floret fertility. An increased SDW concomitant with improved intra‐spike partitioning before anthesis contributes to increase the distal floret numbers per spike and then optimize winter wheat spike fertility. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.