bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pictorial Review of PI-RADS v2.0 and PI-RADS v2.1: What Changed?
Authors: Gibson Nicolas , Fung Christopher
Published: December 2021

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among Canadian men (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and is the third leading cause of death from cancer in men in Canada. It is estimated that, in 2020, 23,300 men will be diagnosed with PCa, representing 20% of all new cancer cases in men.1 The recommended technique being used for the detection and risk stratification of PCa is multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), which includes high-resolution T2-weighted (T2W) images to depict prostate anatomy and two functional MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to display cell density and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE) that shows vascularity.2
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms 2 Months After Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Froeliger Alizée , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine , Seco Aurélien , Sentilhes Loïc
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and identify characteristics associated with it 2 months after singleton vaginal delivery at or near term.

METHODS:

We conducted an ancillary cohort study of the TRAAP (TRAnexamic Acid for Preventing postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery) randomized controlled trial in 15 French hospitals in 2015–2016. Women who had singleton vaginal delivery after 35 weeks of gestation were enrolled. After randomization, characteristics of labor and delivery were prospectively collected and paid special attention to postpartum blood loss. Posttraumatic stress disorder profile and provisional diagnosis were assessed 2 months after childbirth by two self-administered questionnaires: the IES-R (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) and the TES (Traumatic Event Scale). Associations between potential risk factors and PTSD symptoms were analyzed by multivariable logistic or linear regression modeling, depending on the type of dependent variable.

RESULTS:

Questionnaires were returned by 2,740 of 3,891 women for the IES-R and 2,785 of 3,891 women for the TES (70.4% and 71.6% response rate). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 4.9% (95% CI 4.1–5.8%; 137/2,785) with the TES, and the prevalence of PTSD provisional diagnosis was 1.6% (95% CI 1.2–2.1%; 44/2,740), with the IES-R and 0.4% (95% CI 0.2–0.8%; 9/2,080) with the TES. Characteristics associated with a higher risk of PTSD in multivariable analysis were vulnerability factors — notably migrant status and history of psychiatric disorder (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.7 95% CI 1.4–5.2) — and obstetric factors — notably induced labor (aOR 1.5 95% CI 1.0–2.2), being labor longer than 6 hours (aOR 1.7 95% CI 1.1–2.5), postpartum hemorrhage of 1,000 mL or more (aOR 2.0 95% CI 1.0–4.2), and bad memories of delivery at day 2 postpartum (aOR 4.5 95% CI 2.4–8.3) as assessed with the IES-R. Results were similar with the TES.

CONCLUSION:

Approximately 1 of 20 women with vaginal delivery have PTSD symptoms at 2 months postpartum. History of psychiatric disorder, postpartum hemorrhage, and bad memories of deliveries at day 2 were the main factors associated with a PTSD profile.
Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Cesarean Birth and Maternal Morbidity in a Low-Risk, Nulliparous Cohort
Authors: Debbink Michelle P. , Ugwu Lynda G. , Grobman William A. , Reddy Uma M. , Tita Alan T. N. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Saade George R. , Thorp John M. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Costantine Maged M. , Chien Edward K. , Casey Brian M. , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Swamy Geeta K. , Simhan Hyagriv N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate race and ethnicity differences in cesarean birth and maternal morbidity in low-risk nulliparous people at term.

METHODS:

We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of expectant management compared with induction of labor in low-risk nulliparous people at term. The primary outcome was cesarean birth. Secondary outcome was maternal morbidity, defined as: transfusion of 4 or more units of red blood cells, any transfusion of other products, postpartum infection, intensive care unit admission, hysterectomy, venous thromboembolism, or maternal death. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to evaluate associations between race and ethnicity, cesarean birth, and maternal morbidity. Indication for cesarean birth was assessed using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. A mediation model was used to estimate the portion of maternal morbidity attributable to cesarean birth by race and ethnicity.

RESULTS:

Of 5,759 included participants, 1,158 (20.1%) underwent cesarean birth; 1,404 (24.3%) identified as non-Hispanic Black, 1,670 (29.0%) as Hispanic, and 2,685 (46.6%) as non-Hispanic White. Adjusted models showed increased relative risk of cesarean birth among non-Hispanic Black (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.42) and Hispanic (aRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08–1.46) people compared with non-Hispanic White people. Maternal morbidity affected 132 (2.3%) individuals, and was increased among non-Hispanic Black (aRR 2.05, 95% CI 1.21–3.47) and Hispanic (aRR 1.92, 95% CI 1.17–3.14) people compared with non-Hispanic White people. Cesarean birth accounted for an estimated 15.8% (95% CI 2.1–48.7%) and 16.5% (95% CI 4.0–44.0%) of excess maternal morbidity among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic people, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic nulliparous people who are low-risk at term undergo cesarean birth more frequently than low-risk non-Hispanic White nulliparous people. This difference accounts for a modest portion of excess maternal morbidity.
One-Year Outcomes of Postintensive Care Syndrome in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Single Institutional Study
Authors: Banno Aya , Hifumi Toru , Takahashi Yuta , Soh Mitsuhito , Sakaguchi Ayako , Shimano Shodai , Miyahara Yoshie , Isokawa Shutaro , Ishii Kenji , Aoki Kazuhiro , Otani Norio , Ishimatsu Shinichi
Published: December 2021

IMPORTANCE:

Postintensive care syndrome has a strong impact on coronavirus disease 2019 survivors.

OBJECTIVES:

Assess the 1-year prevalence of postintensive care syndrome after coronavirus disease 2019.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

This was a single-center prospective cohort using questionnaires and telephone calls from 4 months to 1 year after ICU discharge. Patients who were treated for coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress between March 19, 2020, and April 30, 2020, participated.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

Postintensive care syndrome was evaluated according to physical, mental, and cognitive domains. We surveyed the 8-item standardized Short Form questionnaire for assessing physical postintensive care syndrome; the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for assessing mental postintensive care syndrome; and Short-Memory Questionnaire for assessing cognitive postintensive care syndrome. The primary outcome was postintensive care syndrome occurrence of any domain at 1 year. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of the three postintensive care syndrome domains was assessed.

RESULTS:

Eighteen patients consented to the study and completed the survey. The median age was 57.5 years, and 78% of the patients were male. Median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score was 18. During ICU stay, 78% received invasive mechanical ventilation, and 83% received systemic steroid administration. Early mobilization was implemented in 61%. Delirium occurred in 44%. The median days of ICU and hospital stay were 6 and 23.5, respectively. Overall postintensive care syndrome occurrence was 67%. Physical, mental, and cognitive postintensive care syndrome occurred in 56%, 50%, and 33% of patients, respectively. The co-occurrence of all three domains of postintensive care syndrome was 28%. Age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II scores were higher, and systemic steroids were more commonly used in the postintensive care syndrome groups compared with the nonpostintensive care syndrome groups. Chronic symptoms were more common in the postintensive care syndrome groups than the nonpostintensive care syndrome groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

Patients who suffered critical illness from coronavirus disease 2019 had a high frequency of postintensive care syndrome after 1 year. Long-term follow-up and care should be continuously offered.
Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction Among Addiction Nursing Care Providers in Greece
Authors: Missouridou Evdokia , Karavasopoulou Athena , Psycharakis Alexandra , Segredou Eirini
Published: December 2021

The risk of compassion fatigue (CF) for professionals who support and care for individuals and families facing the dual burden of addiction and trauma has been recently recognized. The aim of this mixed methods study was to investigate CF/secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction (CS) in addiction nursing care providers. The Professional Quality of Life Scale was distributed to 21 addiction nurses and 29 nurse assistants in the alcohol and drug dependency centers of a psychiatric hospital in Greece. High CF risk was reported in 22% of participants, whereas 46% expressed high-to-moderate potential for CS. Participants described the long transition from compassion frustration or disengagement at the beginning of their career to CS at later stages. Learning to be compassionate entailed finding the right distance, redefining therapeutic role and expectations, and containing feelings and experiences. Being able to experience CS involved getting satisfaction from small changes, personal and professional growth, and self-care. A compassionate organizational culture, clinical supervision, and ongoing education may protect addiction professionals from absorbing or internalizing unmanageable emotions, which may lead to CF and also help them to gain a deeper understanding of their communication and interactions with individuals fighting addiction.
A Thematic Synthesis of the Roles of Nurses at Safer Consumption Sites
Authors: Clark Audrey D. , Lucey Jason R.
Published: December 2021

Opioid use, particularly via injection, is associated with an increased risk of infection, injury, and death. Safer consumption sites (SCSs), where people may consume previously obtained drugs under observation, have been shown to reduce these risks among people who use drugs. Most SCSs employ nurses, but there is limited research into their roles. The objective of this article is to describe and synthesize the roles of nurses at SCSs to better understand their importance in a rapidly proliferating public health intervention. We extracted data from 48 qualitative, quantitative, peer-reviewed, and gray literature, as well as primary source narrative articles on SCSs, whether they were explicitly about nursing or not. We coded each mention of nurses or nursing in each article and identified 11 descriptive themes or roles that SCS nurses carry out. From these, we identified the following three analytical themes or hypotheses about the character of these roles: (a) The primary aim of SCS nursing care is to reduce morbidity and mortality; (b) SCS nurses create a therapeutic community; and (c) SCS nurses engage in research, professional activities, and activism to better understand and promote SCSs. More research into the roles of SCS nurses is needed to better serve a vulnerable population.
Electrocardiographic Changes During Initiation of Lithium Augmentation of Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Berger Maximilian , Kermer Josephine , Behr Joachim , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Bilal Süleyman , Osterland Sarah Luise , O'Malley Grace , Bschor Tom , Schlattmann Peter , Stamm Thomas , Steinacher Bruno , de Millas Walter , Richter Christoph , Heinz Andreas , Adli Mazda , Buspavanich Pichit , Ricken Roland
Published: December 2021

Purpose/Background

Lithium augmentation of antidepressants represents a common strategy to overcome treatment resistance in patients with major depressive disorder. The use of lithium has been associated with cardiovascular adverse effects such as QTc prolongation and tachyarrhythmia. Although the previous studies investigated monotherapy with lithium, the aim of this study was to investigate electrocardiographic changes in LA.

Methods/Procedures

A 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained from 38 patients with major depressive disorder before and during LA. Changes in heart rate, PQ, QRS and QTc interval, QT dispersion, ST segment, and T- and U-wave alterations were analyzed using a linear mixed model.

Findings/Results

The ECG readings of 33 patients were evaluated. Lithium augmentation was not significantly associated with changes in heart rate, QTc, PQ, or QRS interval. We found a significant decrease in QT dispersion. These results were independent of sex, age, stable comedication, and comorbidities. During LA, we observed 9 cases of T-wave alterations and 2 cases of new U waves.

Conclusions

Our data provide no evidence for serious ECG abnormalities at therapeutic serum lithium levels in patients treated with LA. In particular, we did not find evidence for QTc time lengthening or tachyarrhythmia, such as torsades des pointes. The recommended intervals for ECG checks should be considered to detect long-term effects of LA.
The association between nondipper pattern and perioperative hypertension in patients with controlled hypertension
Authors: Erdoğan Güney , Arslan Uğur , Yenerçağ Mustafa , Şahin Osman , Arslan Hande , Yavuz Mustafa Baran , Karagöz Ali , Şahin İrfan
Published: December 2021

Background

Perioperative hypertension is a frequent complication even in preoperatively normotensive or controlled hypertensive patients and there is a lack of data regarding the effect of nondipping pattern on perioperative hypertension.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible effect of nondipping blood pressure pattern on the risk of perioperative hypertension.

Materials and methods

234 hypertensive patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia were evaluated prospectively. The study enrolled patients with well-controlled preoperative blood pressure. The 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results were used to classify patients as dippers and nondippers. Perioperative hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic arterial blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/90 mmHg or systolic blood pressure elevated by more than 20% from the patient’s baseline level for more than 15 min perioperatively.

Results

There were 61 (26%) nondipper patients [mean age: 62.1 ± 7.1 years, 25 (40.9%) men] and 173 (74%) dipper patients [mean age: 61.4 ± 8.1 years, 83 (47.9%) men]. In the nondipper group, perioperative hypertension was observed in 31 (51.3%) patients, whereas in the dipper group, 33 (19.3%) patients experienced a hypertensive attack (P < 0.001). The independent predictors of perioperative hypertension were the presence of the nondipping pattern [odds ratio (OR) 3.084; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.831-5.195; P < 0.001], the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.059; 95% CI 1.215-3.490; P = 0.007), and the number of drugs (OR 2.317; 95% CI 1.102–5.097; P = 0.027).

Conclusion

The frequency of perioperative hypertension was higher in preoperative normotensive and known hypertensive patients who were identified as nondippers. In addition, diabetes mellitus and number of drugs were found to be predictors of perioperative hypertension.
Worldwide and Regional Efficacy Estimates of First-line Helicobacter pylori Treatments
Authors: Zamani Mohammad , Alizadeh-Tabari Shaghayegh , Zamani Vahid , Shokri-Shirvani Javad , Derakhshan Mohammad H.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is challenging. We aimed to determine the optimal first-line H. pylori treatments at global and regional levels.

Methods:

We searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ISRCTN registry, for randomized controlled trials published during 2011-2020. Utilizing a network meta-analysis in a Bayesian framework, success rates of 23 regimens were compared. The effect size was standardized risk ratio (RR) with 95% credible interval (CrI). Pooled eradication rate (ER) with 95% CrI was also reported for top combinations. The reference regimen was 7-day clarithromycin-based triple therapy.

Results:

This review identified 121 trials comprising 34,759 participants. Globally, 14-day levofloxacin-based sequential therapy was the most efficient (RR: 1.43; 95% CrI, 1.26-1.59) with low certainty of evidence, followed by modified bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (proton pump inhibitor+bismuth compounds+clarithromycin+amoxicillin) for 10 days (RR: 1.35; 95% CrI, 1.22-1.48) and 14 days (RR: 1.27; 95% CrI, 1.12-1.42), and 14-day hybrid therapy (RR: 1.27; 95% CrI, 1.19-1.36). The corresponding ERs were 98.7% (95% CrI, 86.9-100.0), 93.2% (95% CrI, 84.2-100.0), 87.6% (95% CrI, 82.1-93.8), and 87.6% (95% CrI, 77.3-98.0), respectively. Continentally, the most effective combinations were: 10-day clarithromycin-based sequential therapy [(RR: 1.21; 95% CrI, 1.02-1.42), (ER: 89.5%, 95% CrI, 75.5-100.0)] for Africa, 14-day levofloxacin-based sequential therapy [(RR: 1.41; 95%CrI, 1.27-1.58), (ER: 98.7%, 95% CrI, 88.9-100.0)] for Asia, and 14-day clarithromycin-based triple therapy [(RR: 1.58; 95% CrI, 1.25-2.04), (ER: 94.8%; 95% CrI, 75.0-100.0)] for Europe. For Northern America, no sufficient data were found for network meta-analysis. In South America, none of the combinations were superior to the reference regimen.

Conclusion:

Although results of this network meta-analysis revealed optimal combinations for empiric therapy, the treatment preference would be based on the local pattern of antibacterial resistance, when the necessary information exists.
Identification of Hub Genes in Hemifacial Microsomia: Evidence From Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shanbaga , Sun Pengfei , Li Xiyuan , Xu Xi , Peng Qili , Shu Kaiyi , Ma Lunkun , Liang Yingxiang , Liu Bingyang , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: December 2021

Objective:

This thesis addresses a neglected aspect of bioinformatics research of hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Existing research stops short of prediction based on big data. This study combines multiple databases to explore underlying pathogenesis using bioinformatic approach.

Methods:

The research consisted of multiple bioinformatic methods, included pathogenic genes analyses, protein-protein interaction network construction, functional enrichment, and mining target genes related miRNA, for studying pathogenic genes of HFM.

Results:

Total of 140 genes were identified as potential genes in the study. The protein-protein interaction networks for pathogenic genes were constructed, which contained 138 nodes and 243 edges with RAF1, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAPK3, MAPK1, EGFR, BRAF, LMNA, ESPR1, and SFN as the hub genes. These genes were discovered significantly enriched in MAPK pathway. Besides, the whole of interactions between miRNAs and the top 5 hub genes were revealed.

Conclusions:

Our results indicated that occurrence of HFM is attributed to a variety of genes. Furthermore, the interactions of pathogenic genes were further elucidated by using bioinformatics approach. It reveals the MAPK pathway play an essential role in its pathogenesis. It may provide a novel perspective on better understanding the pathogenesis and more accurate early screening of HFM.
Differences in bacterial colonization and mucosal responses between high and low SES children in Indonesia
Authors: van Dorst Marloes M.A.R. , Azimi Shohreh , Wahyuni Sitti , Amaruddin Aldian I. , Sartono Erliyani , Wammes Linda J. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Jochems Simon P.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Nasopharyngeal carriage of pathogenic bacteria precedes invasive disease and higher rates are found in low socioeconomic-status (SES) settings. Local immune responses are important for controlling colonization, but whether SES affects these responses is currently unknown.

OBJECTIVE

Examining bacterial colonization and cytokine response in nasal mucosa of children from high and low SES.

METHODS

Twenty-five cytokines were measured in nasal fluid. qPCR was performed to determine carriage and density of Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

RESULTS

The densities of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were increased in low compared to the high SES (p=0.006, p=0.026), with respectively 6 and 67 times higher median densities. Densities of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were positively associated with levels of IL-1beta (p=0.002, p=0.008) and IL-6 (p<0.001, p=0.006). After correcting for bacterial density, IL-6 levels were increased in colonized children from high compared to low SES for both H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae (both p=0.039).

CONCLUSION

Increased density of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae was observed in low SES children, while IL-6 levels associated with colonization were reduced in these children, indicating that immune responses to bacterial colonization were altered by SES.
SARS-CoV-2 Delta derivatives impact on neutralization of Covishield recipient sera
Authors: Sahay Rima R. , Patil Deepak Y. , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Deshpande Gururaj R. , Shete Anita M. , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Kumar Sanjay , Dutta Shanta , Yadav Pragya D.
Published: December 2021

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and its derivatives has created grave public health problem worldwide. The high transmissibility associated with this variant has led to daily increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Delta variant has slowly dominated the other variants of concern. Subsequently, Delta has further mutated to Delta AY.1 to Delta AY.126. Of these, Delta AY.1 has been reported from several countries including India and considered to be highly infectious and probable escape mutant. Considering the possible immune escape, we had already evaluated the efficacy of the BBV152 against Delta and Delta AY.1 variants. Here, we have evaluated the neutralizing potential of sera of COVID-19 naive vaccinees (CNV) immunized with two doses of vaccine, COVID-19 recovered cases immunized with two doses of vaccine (CRV) and breakthrough infections (BTI) post immunization with two doses of vaccine against Delta, Delta AY.1 and B.1.617.3 using 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Our study observed low NAb titer in CNV group against all the variants compared to CRV and BTI groups. Delta variant has shown highest reduction of 27.3-fold in NAb titer among CNV group compared to other groups and variants. Anti-S1-RBD IgG immune response among all the groups was also substantiated with NAb response. Compromised neutralization was observed against Delta and Delta AY.1 compared B.1 in all three groups. However, it provided protection against severity of the disease and fatality.
Zoledronic acid targets the mevalonate pathway causing reduced cell recruitment and attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tanner Lloyd , Bergwik Jesper , Bhongir Ravi KV , Egesten Arne
Published: December 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease causing irreparable scarring of lung tissue, resulting in most patients succumbing rapidly after diagnosis. With limited treatment options available, repurposing of current pharmaceuticals offers an expeditious option to address this dire need. The mevalonate pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and motility, is targeted by the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). In this study, administration of ZA reduced myofibroblast transition and blocked NF-kB signaling in macrophages leading to impaired immune cell recruitment. ZA treatment of mice with bleomycin-induced lung damage displayed decreased levels of cytokines in the BALF, plasma, and lung tissue, resulting in less histologically visible fibrotic scarring. Additionally, bleomycin induced production of the ZA target, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), was reduced in lung tissue and fibroblasts upon ZA treatment. Therefore, ZA administration offers an expedient and efficacious treatment option against IPF in a clinical setting.

Teaser

Repurposing of zoledronic acid potentially offers a clinically viable treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Revising the Role of Cortical Cytoskeleton During Secretion: Actin and Myosin XI Function in Vesicle Tethering
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Staiger Christopher J.
Published: December 2021

In plants, secretion of cell wall components and membrane proteins plays a fundamental role in growth and development as well as survival in diverse environments. Exocytosis, as the last step of the secretory trafficking pathway, is a highly ordered and precisely controlled process involving tethering, docking, and fusion of vesicles at the plasma membrane (PM) for cargo delivery. Although the exocytic process and machinery are well characterized in yeast and animal models, the molecular players and specific molecular events that underpin late stages of exocytosis in plant cells remain largely unknown. Here, by using the delivery of functional, fluorescent-tagged cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs) to the PM as a model system for secretion, as well as single-particle tracking in living cells, we describe a quantitative approach for measuring the frequency of vesicle tethering events. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of cytoskeletal function, reveal that the initial vesicle tethering step of exocytosis is dependent on actin and myosin XI. In contrast, treatments with the microtubule inhibitor, oryzalin, did not significantly affect vesicle tethering or fusion during CSC exocytosis but caused a minor increase of transient or aborted tethering events. With data from this new quantitative approach and improved spatiotemporal resolution of single particle events during secretion, we generate a revised model for the role of the cortical cytoskeleton in CSC trafficking.
Mechanism of nucleotide discrimination by the translesion synthesis polymerase Rev1
Authors: Weaver Tyler M. , Click Timothy H. , Khoang Thu H. , Todd Washington M. , Agarwal Pratul K. , Freudenthal Bret D.
Published: December 2021

Rev1 is a translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerase involved in the bypass of adducted-guanine bases and abasic sites during DNA replication. During damage bypass, Rev1 utilizes a protein-template mechanism of DNA synthesis, where the templating DNA base is evicted from the Rev1 active site and replaced by an arginine side chain that preferentially binds incoming dCTP. Here, we utilize X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations to obtain structural insight into the dCTP specificity of Rev1. We show the Rev1 R324 protein-template forms sub-optimal hydrogen bonds with incoming dTTP, dGTP, and dATP that prevents Rev1 from adopting a catalytically competent conformation. Additionally, we show the Rev1 R324 protein-template forms optimal hydrogen bonds with incoming rCTP. However, the incoming rCTP adopts an altered sugar pucker, which prevents the formation of a catalytically competent Rev1 active site. This work provides novel insight into the mechanisms for nucleotide discrimination by the TLS polymerase Rev1.
Crystal structure of a dicationic PdII dimer containing a 2-[(diisopropylphosphanyl)methyl]quinoline-8-thiolate pincer ligand
Authors: Clerc Arnaud , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Monot Julien , Martin Vaca Blanca , Bourissou Didier
Published: December 2021

A dicationic PdII dimer, bis{2-[(diisopropylphosphanyl)methyl]quinoline-8-thiolato}palladium(II) bis(hexafluoridoantimonate) dichloromethane monosolvate, [Pd2(C32H42N2P2S2)](SbF6)2·CH2Cl2, containing a 2-[(diisopropylphosphanyl)methyl]quinoline-8-thiolate pincer ligand, was isolated and its crystal structure determined. The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. A dimeric structure is formed by bridging coordination of the S atoms. The geometry of the butterfly-shaped Pd2S2 core is bent, with a hinge angle of 108.0 (1)° and a short Pd...Pd distance of 2.8425 (7) Å. These values are the lowest measured compared to ten dicationic dimers with a Pd2S2 core featuring sulfur atoms embedded in a chelating ligand. One of the two hexafluoridoantimonate anions is disordered over two sets of positions with site-occupancy factors of 0.711 (5) and 0.289 (5). The crystal structure is stabilized by many C—H...F and C—H...π interactions, forming a supramolecular network.
The influence of e-customer satisfaction, e-trust and perceived value on consumer's repurchase intention in B2C e-commerce segment
Authors: Miao Miao , Jalees Tariq , Zaman Syed Imran , Khan Sherbaz , Hanif Noor-ul-Ain , Javed Muhammad Kashif
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This research study investigates the factors that influence e-customer satisfaction, e-trust, perceived value and consumers repurchase intention in the context of the B2C e-commerce segment. It investigates the mediation effect of e-customer satisfaction, e-trust and perceived value on repurchase intention. It also examines the moderating role of prior online experience.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the adapted questionnaire, pre-recruited enumerators collected the data from five leading business universities of Karachi. They distributed 425 questionnaires and received 415 questionnaires. The study has used Partial Least Square-Structure Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique for data analysis.

Findings

We have tested 20 hypotheses, of which our results do not support five, including two direct, two mediating. Our results support all the direct hypotheses except the following two: (1) delivery service affects e-satisfaction (2) customer services quality effect on trust. We did not find support for the following two mediating hypotheses (1) e-satisfaction mediates delivery services and repurchase intention, (2) service quality mediates customers' service quality and repurchase intention. Our results do not support one moderating relationship. Prior online experience moderates e-perceived value and repurchase intention.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides valuable information to the online retailers of B2C e-commerce, which can help them make strategies based on their consumers' behavior and encourage them to make repeat purchases from online retailing stores. It allows future researchers to replicate the model in cross-cultural studies in different product categories.

Originality/value

We have examined the moderating effect of prior online experience between (e-satisfaction, e-trust and perceived value) on the repurchase intention.
Creating sustainable value through food waste management: does retail customer value proposition matter?
Authors: Huang Iona Yuelu , Manning Louise , Wood Vicky , James Katy L. , Millington Anthony , Grigoriadis Vasilis , Ward Shane
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This research aims to explore retail managers' views on how food waste (FW) management activities contribute to sustainable value creation and how the customer value proposition (CVP) for a given food retailer interacts with their approaches to FW management.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-stage exploratory qualitative approach to data collection and analysis was adopted, involving in-depth interviews with retail managers, documentary analysis of multiple years of relevant corporate reports and email validation by seven major UK grocery retailers. Thematic content analysis supplemented by word similarity cluster analysis, two-step cluster analysis and crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis was undertaken.

Findings

FW management practices have been seen by retail managers to contribute to all forms of sustainable value creation, as waste reduction minimises environmental impact, saves costs and/or serves social needs, whilst economic value creation lies at the heart of retail FW management. However, retail operations are also framed by CVP and size of a retailer that enable or inhibit the adoption of certain FW management practices. Low-price retailers were more likely to adopt practices enabling them to save costs. Complicated cost-incurring solutions to FW were more likely to be adopted by retailers associated with larger size, high quality and a range of services.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind to empirically explore retail managers' perception of sustainable value creation through FW management activities and to provide empirical evidence of the linkages between retail CVP and sustainable value creation in the context of retail FW management.
Participatory design in refugee camps: Ethnographic case studies from Greece
Authors: Jaradat Suha , Beunders Narda
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Architectural management and construction practices have not been widely explored in refugee camps which have been growing exponentially around the world. Previous research largely focused on the negativity surrounding living in refugee camps and mostly ignored the input of refugees. This study explores the possibilities of involving refugees in architectural design and construction decisions in the camps.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts a qualitative interpretive research approach and employs exploratory ethnographic methods. Participatory design (PD) principles are applied to design and construct community place projects in two refugee camps in Greece.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that, despite the technical and institutional challenges of employing PD approaches in refugee camps, there are observed positive impacts on the wellbeing of refugees and impacts on the hosting communities.

Practical implications

This paper contests the negativity surrounding refugee camps and has implications on research, practice and society as well as a positive impact on NGO organisations, policy-makers and other stakeholders involved in the governance of refugee camps.

Originality/value

This paper addresses a critical issue concerning how to include refugees in the design, implementation and maintenance of refugee camps to improve their well-being and fight the feeling of “otherness” for both refugees and host communities. This study extends research on refugee camps by collaborating with refugees to improve their lives within the camps. This research contributes to architectural management and construction studies by providing practical recommendations related to PD methods in new contexts.
Supporting justice-involved people with extreme complex needs in the Australian community: a third sector practice perspective
Authors: Hanley Natalia , Simpson Helen , Tauri Juan M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This qualitative research aims to explore staff perspectives on working effectively with people with intellectual disability who are in contact with the criminal justice system.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking a case study approach, staff working for a third sector community organisation were interviewed about the components of effective work with their customers. The staff supported people engaged in the Community Justice Program.

Findings

Staff consistently described relationship building as the most important part of their work. There were three components to relationship building: the process of relationship building, the elements of a high-quality staff–customer relationship and the staff skills needed to develop a good relationship.

Originality/value

This paper makes two contributions to the literature. First, it focuses our attention on a third sector organisation supporting people in contact with the justice system as opposed to a formal criminal justice agency. Second, the paper seeks to understand the processes and skills staff deploy to build a high-quality relationship with criminal justice-involved people with intellectual disability.
Trauma and institutional risk in a secure developmental disorder service: does the SAVRY inflate risk in adolescents exposed to ACEs?
Authors: Webb Elanor Lucy , Morris Deborah , Hamer Abbey , Davies Jessica
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly prevalent in people with developmental disorders who engage in offending behaviour. Many violence-based risk assessment tools include items pertaining to ACEs, and may inflate risk scores in trauma-exposed groups. This paper aims to explore the relationships between ACEs, risk assessment scores, incidents of risk and restrictive practices, in adolescents with developmental disorders in a forensic inpatient setting.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary analysis was conducted on clinical data for 34 adolescents detained to a developmental disorder service. Data were extracted for Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) risk scores and risk behaviours and restrictive practices, as measures of observed risk.

Findings

Participants exposed to more ACEs had higher SAVRY risk scores (p < 0.001, two-tailed), with elevations specifically on the historical subscale (p < 0.001, two-tailed). Neither ACEs nor risk scores were associated with the frequency of risk behaviours. Nevertheless, participants exposed to four or more ACEs were secluded more frequently (p = 0.015, two-tailed), indicating a potential association between trauma and risk severity. Those with more complex developmental disorders experienced fewer ACEs (p = 0.02, two-tailed) and engaged in self-harm behaviours less frequently (p = 0.04, two-tailed).

Research limitations/implications

The inclusion of ACEs in risk assessment tools may lead to the inadvertent stigmatization of trauma-exposed individuals. Further investigation is necessary to offer clarity on the impact of early adversity on risk assessment accuracy and levels of institutional risk, and the role of developmental disorders in this relationship.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the relative associations between ACEs, risk assessment scores and observed institutional risk and does so in a highly marginalized population.
The effect of small business leaders' organisational mindfulness and social learning on opportunistic behaviour to survive the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lusiantoro Luluk , Purwanto Bernardinus Maria , Rostiani Rokhima
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This research aims to test the relationships between organisational mindfulness, social learning and opportunistic behaviour of small business leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six small business leaders from various sectors to explore and better grasp the unprecedented phenomenon. An online survey on small business owners and managers in Indonesia was then employed as the main study, resulting in 291 valid responses for further analysis. The data were analysed using regression on SmartPLS 3.0 software.

Findings

This research finds that organisational mindfulness and social learning have positive and significant associations with the ability of small business leaders to discover and exploit opportunities. The path analysis suggests that organisational mindfulness plays a pivotal role as it also partially mediates the relationship between social learning and opportunistic behaviour.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to test the relationships between organisational mindfulness, social learning and opportunistic behaviour, particularly in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This work also contributes by emphasising the critical linkages between internal and external capabilities triggered by small business leaders to survive the pandemic.
Barriers to institutionalization of an IFRS-based model: perceptions of Portuguese auditors
Authors: Soares Fontes Alexandra , Lima Rodrigues Lúcia , Marques Carla , Silva Ana Paula
Published: December 2021

Purpose

In 2010, Portugal’s newly implemented Accounting Standardization System (SNC - Sistema de Normalização Contabilística) aligned Portuguese accounting standards for unlisted companies with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the local context and the role of auditors in the institutionalization of this IFRS-based model in Portugal.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from an institutional theory framework, the authors interviewed 16 Portuguese auditors in 2017 (seven years after formal implementation of the SNC) to determine their perceptions on whether barriers to the IFRS-based model persisted.

Findings

The authors reveal that the code-law institutional logic embedded in the Portuguese context is hindering full institutionalization of the new accounting model. Some persisting barriers to implementation reflected a decoupling between formal requirements and actual practices. Despite these barriers, there has been an encouraging institutionalization of SNC. The authors reveal a high level of commitment of auditors. They draw attention to the engagement of auditors in the institutional work that is intended to assist in SNC implementation, and their role as promoters of a power-knowledge discourse in propagating IFRS institutional logics at the national level, namely, through the justification and rationalization of the reported institutional contradictions.

Practical implications

The highlighting the authors provide of problems related to accounting change should assist international regulators, the Portuguese standard-setter and professional accounting associations to devise appropriate strategies to promote IFRS-based accounting systems implementation.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to the skimpy literature on micro institutional analysis and encourage further exploration of the dynamics between the micro and macro levels of analysis in institutional research.
Social entrepreneurship review: a gap in the Latin American context
Authors: Ibáñez María José
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Social entrepreneurship (SE) has been a field of research that has interested researchers for over 30 years. However, there is no consensus on the concept of SE, and research in this field moves in several directions. The purpose of this study is to summarize the definitions of SE, propose a unified definition of SE and describe the state-of-the-art of SE in the Latin American context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study carries out a literature review on SE from 2010 to 2020 to explore the main topics in the SE field, searching, reviewing and selecting the most representative articles published.

Findings

The findings of this study suggest agreements and disagreements in the main topics of SE and reveal a significant gap in the SE research in the Latin American scenario.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the future growth of SE literature under a common umbrella that allows for more and better knowledge in this field and proposes a novel research agenda for the SE field in Latin America.
The extended late career phase – examining senior nursing professionals
Authors: Salminen Hanna , von Bonsdorff Monika E. , McPhee Deborah , Heilmann Pia
Published: December 2021

Purpose

By relying on a sustainable career perspective and recent studies on senior employees’ late career phase, this study aims to examine senior (50+) nurses’ late career narratives in the context of extending retirement age. Given the current global nursing shortage, there is a pressing need to find ways on how to promote longer and sustainable careers in the health-care field. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the extended late career phase of senior nurses.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical data were derived from 22 interviews collected among senior (50+) nursing professionals working in a Finnish university hospital. The qualitative interview data were analysed using a narrative analysis method. As a result of the narrative analysis, four career narratives were constructed.

Findings

The findings demonstrated that senior nurses’ late career narratives differed in terms of late career aspirations, constraints, mobility and active agency of one’s own career. The identified career narratives indicate that the building blocks of sustainable late careers in the context of extending retirement age are diverse.

Research limitations/implications

The qualitative interview data were restricted to senior nurses working in one university hospital. Interviews were conducted on site and some nurses were called away leaving some of the interviews shorter than expected.

Practical implications

To support sustainable late careers requires that attention be based on the whole career ecosystem covering individual, organizational and societal aspects and how they are intertwined together.

Originality/value

So far, few studies have investigated the extended late career phase of senior employees in the context of a changing career landscape.
Processing and properties of PLA/Mg filaments for 3D printing of scaffolds for biomedical applications
Authors: Pascual-González Cristina , Thompson Cillian , de la Vega Jimena , Biurrun Churruca Nicolás , Fernández-Blázquez Juan P. , Lizarralde Iker , Herráez-Molinero Diego , González Carlos , LLorca Javier
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a novel strategy to manufacture poly-lactic acid (PLA) filaments reinforced with Mg particles for fused filament fabrication of porous scaffolds for biomedical applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The mixture of PLA pellets and Mg particles was extruded twice, the second time using a precision extruder that produces a filament with zero porosity, constant diameter and homogeneous dispersion of Mg particles. The physico-chemical properties of the extruded filaments were carefully analysed to determine the influence of Mg particles on the depolymerisation of PLA during high temperature extrusion and the optimum melt flow index to ensure printability.

Findings

It was found that the addition of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) plasticizer was necessary to allow printing when the weight fraction of Mg was above 4%. It was possible to print porous face-centre cubic scaffolds with good geometrical accuracy and minimum porosity with composite filaments containing PEG.

Originality/value

The new strategy is easily scalable and seems to be very promising to manufacture biodegradable thermoplastic/metal composite filaments for 3D printing that can take advantage of the different properties of both components from the viewpoint of tissue engineering.
Emotional reactivity and difficulties in emotional regulation in drug users: a study in adolescents undergoing treatment in a therapeutic community
Authors: Serra Lídia , Silva Luís , Vilar Duarte
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate which emotions and difficulties in the emotional regulation of adolescents with illicit substance consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 41 adolescents undergoing treatment for the use of alcohol and drugs were recruited. The instruments used were the emotional rating scale and the difficulties in the regulation of emotions scale.

Findings

Emotional reactivity showed significant differences in the sadness dimension in relation to the number of cannabis cigarettes smoked daily and length of stay, and in the surprise dimension in relation to the number of cannabis cigarettes smoked daily. There was a significant correlation between happiness and age, surprise and number of siblings, sadness and school absenteeism and fear, school absenteeism and number of substances consumed. In regard to difficulties in emotional regulation, there were significant differences between the groups, in strategies regarding the gender of the participants and the number of substances consumed, in non-acceptance and impulses and in the number of substances consumed and in the awareness of the type and number of substances consumed. There was a significant correlation between strategies, non-acceptance, awareness and impulses and the number of substances consumed.

Originality/value

This study demonstrated that the emotional problems of adolescents admitted to a therapeutic community are predictors of illicit substance use.