bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OS SENTIDOS DE BULLYING NAS VOZES DAS CRIANÇAS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: APRENDENDO E CRESCENDO COM OS CONFLITOS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Freitas Maíra De Oliveira , Borges Luís Paulo Cruz , Carvalho Julia Tavares de
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar análises e reflexões sobre os sentidos do bullying a partir das vozes das crianças.  As atividades foram desenvolvidas no projeto de Iniciação à Docência, que ocorre em turmas dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental do CAp-UERJ e tem como título “Aprendendo e crescendo com os conflitos na escola: o respeito ao outro a serviço do desenvolvimento no ensino”. Nas rodas de discussão em sala de aula, focalizamos temas como tolerância, respeito e justiça. Para a elaboração e desenvolvimento do projeto, apoiamo-nos nos estudos de autores que discutem  autonomia moral. Como pressupostos metodológicos, operamos a partir da pesquisa-ação em que produzimos informações e conhecimentos sobre a ação pedagógica cotidiana. Além da observação, também trabalhamos com o diário de campo como forma de registro das atividades, escrita e imagens. Como análises e reflexões iniciais, temos: i) O diálogo deve ser entendido como uma prática pedagógica; ii) A construção de um debate que envolva autonomia moral e ética requer o entendimento de que a criança é sujeito ativo no processo de dialogicidade e reflexão sobre o mundo.
Critical examination of skin care self-management in lymphoedema
Authors: Jones Aimee , Woods Mary , Malhotra Katharine
Published: October 2019

Lymphoedema is a long-term chronic condition that results from lymphatic insufficiency and may cause skin changes, which can cause discomfort and impact patient' quality of life. The four cornerstones of lymphoedema management are exercise, lymphatic massage, compression and skin care. This article critically examines self-management in lymphoedema focusing on skin care. Patients may initially demonstrate enthusiasm to undertake the required skin care independently. However, psychosocial factors, such as financial burden and physical restraints, can affect motivation and behaviours over time. A patient's knowledge of the importance of skin care self-management should not be limited to the initial assessment, but should be continually assessed throughout their lymphoedema journey. The ongoing provision of patient-centred care may have psychological and behavioural benefits and help optimise skin care self-management.
Removing the Traces of Median Filtering via Unsharp Masking as an Anti-forensic Approach in Medical Imaging
Authors: B kaimal Athira , Shan B Priestly
Published: October 2019

Development of post-processing algorithms which cannot be detected by forensic tools is an active area of research in image processing. Median Filter (MF) is one among the denoising schemes which is specifically targeted by the forensic toolsbecause of its wide application in commercial raster graphic editors, simplicity, fast computation and detail preserving characteristics. Methodsbased on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Variational Deconvolution (VD), meant for reducing the forensic detectability of MF by removing the traces of filtering from the output images are computationally intense. A simple and computationally feasible approach for removing the traces of median filtering from the output images, thereby to reduce the forensic detectability of MF is proposed in this paper. In the proposed approach, blurred edges in the output of MF are restored with the help of Unsharp Masking (UM). Optimum value of the amount which controls the degree of sharpening in the UM algorithm is determined via minimum error sense criterion by making use of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) between input and processed images as objective function. Values of PSNR and Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) between input and output images exhibited by the proposed algorithm are found to be higher than those exhibited by methods based on CNN, VD and combined framework of VD and Total Variation (TV) minimisation.
Should paediatricians initiate orthopaedic hip dysplasia referrals for infants with isolated asymmetric skin folds?
Authors: Louer C. R. , Bomar J. D. , Pring M. E. , Mubarak S. J. , Upasani V. V. , Wenger D. R.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Asymmetric skin folds (ASFs) have been linked to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in select studies, leading to their inclusion in paediatric practice guidelines regarding orthopaedic referral for hip evaluation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of isolated ASFs as a screening tool for DDH in a series of patient referrals evaluated at a single institution.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients between 0 and 12 months of age referred to orthopaedic clinics for isolated ASFs. We recorded radiographic findings (acetabular inclination or alpha angle), diagnosis rendered and treatment administered.

Results

A total of 66 patients were included (mean age 6.4 months; 2.47 to 10.76). All patients received pelvic radiographs or ultrasound. In all, 36 patients (55%) were considered normal by their treating physician and 25 (38%) were considered dysplastic and underwent brace treatment. One hip with an isolated ASF was found to have a dislocated hip on radiograph prior to their initial orthopaedic visit. None of the patients in this study have required surgery to date.

Conclusion

Using ASFs as a reason for referral led to increased diagnosis of mild dysplasia resulting in orthotic treatment. Thus, in our particular clinical environment, isolated ASFs can be an indicator of mild dysplasia and warrant further workup or referral. Because treatment philosophies regarding recognition and treatment of mild dysplasia vary amongst centres, the value of screening with ASFs likewise depends on the treating orthopaedic surgeon's threshold for treatment of mild dysplasia.

Level of evidence

Level IV- Retrospective
Struktur ekosistem lamun di Desa Teluk Bakau, pesisir bintan timur-Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Aditya Hikmat , Srimariana Endang S , Jaya Indra , Kawaroe Mujizat
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Teluk Bakau Village is one of the largest conservation areas of seagrass ecosystem located in Bintan Island. This research aim to study the distribution of species, seagrass coverage and seagrass density in Teluk Bakau Village. The research was conducted at two stations, Beralas Pasir Island and Teluk Bakau Village Beach. Seagrass data collections are computed using transect quadrat method. The results of this study show that there is total 8 species of seagrasses found in the conservation area of seagrass ecosystem in Teluk Bakau, namelu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serulata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium and Halodule uninervis. The highest seagrass cover value was found at Beralas Pasir Island station about 47%, while in Teluk Bakau Village Beach station the seagrass coverage value was arround 29%. Based on these coverage value, the seagrass ecosystem in Teluk Bakau area fall in the category of medium conditon. The excistence of seagrass ecosystem in Teluk Bakau village is utilized by the community in small scale fisheries activity, therefore it is utmost important that its biodiversity and level of coverage are maintaned or even improved.Keywords: Bintan, conservation, coverage, seagrass, teluk bakau Abstrak. Desa Teluk Bakau merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi ekosistem padang lamun yang terletak di Pulau Bintan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sebaran spesies, tutupan dan kerapatan lamun di Desa Teluk Bakau. Metode pengamatan ekosistem padang lamun dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Penelitian dilakukan di dua stasiun yaitu Pantai Timur Teluk Bakau dan Pulau Beralas Pasir. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa total terdapat 8 spesies lamun yang ditemukan di kawasan konservasi ekosistem padang lamun di Teluk Bakau, meliputi spesies Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serulata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium dan Halodule uninervis. Nilai tutupan lamun tertinggi ditemukan di stasiun Pulau Beralas Pasir sebesar 47% dan stasiun Pantai Desa Teluk Bakau memiliki nilai tutupan lamun sebesar 29%. Berdasarkan nilai tutupannya ekosistem padang lamun di kawasan Teluk Bakau berada dalam kondisi sedang. Keberadaan ekosistem lamun di Desa Teluk Bakau dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dalam aktivitas perikanan skala kecil, sehingga sangat penting untuk menjaga keberagaman dan nilai tutupan ekosistem lamun.Kata Kunci: Bintan, konservasi, lamun, Teluk Bakau, tutupan
The dynamics of target fishes resources in coral reef fisheries at coastal area of Ternate Island
Authors: Rumagia Faizal , Boer Mennofatria , Kurnia Rahmat , Kamal Mohammad Mukhlis
Published: October 2019

Abstract. As one of the coastal ecosystem, coral reef ecosystem is a magnificent marine ecosystem, where their species richness and composition play an important role for the ability of coral reef ecosystem to respond to the fishing activity and other stressors, where fishing has impacted the fish community, target or non-target reef fish species. The dynamic of reef fish resources, especially the target species, become one of the aspects that must be considered in the management and utilization of the fisheries resources in the coral reef ecosystem and their surrounding area. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the target fish in the coral reef fishing activity at the coastal area of Ternate Island, from the growth, mortality and exploitation ratio aspect. The research was conduct from April to August 2018 in the coastal area of Ternate Island. The data sampling was growth parameters data through length and weight measurement. Total sample measure along the research time was 6245 sample (consist of seven family and 11 species). The result shows that the target fish have asymptotic length (L∞) range from 263.16–483.16 mm, with growth coefficient (K) ranging from 0.61–0.92 per year. The theoretic age at length 0 (t0) ranges from minus 0.0825–0.1669 year (equal to 30-61 day). The fishing mortality rate (F) is lower than the natural mortality rate (M), which resulting the exploitation rate (E) for the target fish mostly under 50%, which indicated that the utilization of the reef fishes in the coastal area of Ternate Island is still under-exploited.Keywords: Exploitation rate, Growth parameters, Length-weight relationship, Mortality rate, Stock assessment
Introduction
Authors: Hockley Daryl , Omotoso Oladipo
Published: October 2019

Preparation of these workshop lectures on the broad topic of ‘clay in oil sands’ was motivated by two observations. The first was the growing interest in the effects of clay on oil-sands operations, in particular bitumen flotation and fine-tailings management. The second was the lack of a common basis of understanding, or even common vocabulary, among the various disciplines involved in investigating and managing those effects. The hope is that the contributions herein will summarize current knowledge about the effects of clay on oil-sands operations, while gently introducing basic theory, terminology, and methods that the authors and editors believe will facilitate further advances.
Oil-sands clays
Authors: Mercier Patrick H.J. , Omotoso Oladipo , Hockley Daryl
Published: October 2019

Depending on the context and discipline, the terms ‘clays’ or ‘clay’ may be used in three different ways: as a particle-size term, as a mineral term, and as a rock term (Moore, 1996). The field of oil-sands research makes no exception and various uses can be encountered in the literature, including terms such as ‘clay-sized minerals,’ ‘fine clays,’ ‘ultrafine clays’ (or ‘ultrafines’), ‘estuarine clay,’ ‘marine clay,’ etc.

In this chapter, an overview is given of: (1) the nomenclature associated with clays and clay minerals; (2) the structure and crystal chemistry of phyllosilicates; and (3) the geology and clay mineralogy of oil sands.
Clay measurement methods in oil sands
Authors: Kaminsky Heather A. , Omotoso Oladipo
Published: October 2019

With the myriad of measurement techniques and definitions of clays, the first question generally asked is “how much clay is there” in a sample? This often refers to the magnitude of a clay attribute in the sample and the answer to this question may vary depending on the measurement method. Does the method measure the clay-mineral type, the size distribution or mean size, the surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC), rheology, or plasticity? Clay mineral type, particle size, and surface area are commonly used in mining operations to optimize oil-sand ore blending. In bitumen extraction and tailings management, where slurry behavior contributes to the process performance, propertiess uch as rheology and plasticity are also used.

The previous chapters in the volume have introduced the various properties of clay particles and clay minerals. The present chapter describes the common methods of measuring clays and clay minerals in oil sands.
Mescoscale phenomena
Authors: Hockley Daryl
Published: October 2019

The clay fundamentals explained in the preceding chapters affect the macroscale oil-sands processes discussed in the following chapters of this volume through a series of mesoscale phenomena. Each mesoscale phenomenon is itself the subject of a field of science, and applications to different fields of engineering have led to a confusion of terminology. Understanding the underlying physical processes helps to elucidate the positive and negative effects of clay in oil-sands processes.
The role of clays in the performance of oil-sands tailings management options
Authors: Mikula Randy
Published: October 2019

The particle-size distribution of oil-sands tailings has always figured prominently in the mine planning and overall operations and closure strategy in surface-mined oil sands. In oil-sands applications, the convention is to define the sand as the mineral components >44 μm in size and the fines as the mineral component which is <44 μm. The water-based extraction process uses 2 m3 of water to extract the bitumen from 1 m3 of oil sand, and as the bulk of this water is recycled, large containment areas are required to maintain a supply of extraction water. A significant proportion of water that is not recycled is retained in both the sand and fines components of the resulting tailings streams and the essence of tailings management comes down to separating and managing the water that can be recovered from the tailings. As the mining operations have become larger, and ore properties vary over wider ranges, the designation of sand and fines was simply inadequate in explaining the behavior of many of the tailings and a thorough understanding of the entire particle-size distribution became more important. Due in part to the upgrading and refinery operations often associated with bitumen production, the oil sands industry is relatively sophisticated in its approach to tailings characterization and tailings management. As a result, any discussion of clays can, and often does, include both a size and mineralogy component. In any case, there is no doubt about the importance of understanding and quantifying the clay component of any tailings stream when defining a dewatering or management strategy. Historically, it might have been argued that the strong correlation between clay content and fines content would be an adequate characterization and tailings-planning parameter. Although this is still largely true, the clay to fines correlations can sometimes be measurably different from operation to operation, resulting in varying tailings performance. In addition, some tailings-management options such as thickeners and centrifuges can separate the fines fraction and even the clay fraction in a fluid fine tailings stream. These upset operational modes can create what are known colloquially as Franken-Fines, a stream with a very disproportionately high clay content that can create an equally disproportionate tailings problem. The tailings strategies that will be discussed include composite/consolidated/non-segregating tailings, thickening, freeze-thaw processes, rim ditching, thin lift dewatering, and centrifugation. The present chapter outlines the evolution of many of these tailings-management strategies that have been tested extensively or are currently in use in the surface-mined oil-sands industry, with a particular emphasis on the importance of understanding the clay size and clay mineralogy in the evaluation and understanding of tailings dewatering performance.
Maternal diabetes mellitus as a risk factor in development of renal disorders in children
Authors: Sergeyeva K. M. , Yevsyukova I I , Zayachnikova T Ye
Published: October 2019

Forty-four children of diabetic mothers aged 10.5 years on an average were examined. Ultrasonography and renography with l23I were used to assess these childrens renal status. Various malformations (double kidneys, kidney agenesia, fused of floating kidneys) were detected in 10 patients, in 95 various functional renal disorders were revealed. The authors suppose that maternal juvenile diabetes mellitus, nephropathy, hydramnion, and poor metabolic control during a diabetic pregnancy result in abnormal development of fetal kidneys.
Motiver et développer le sens critique des étudiants par les méthodes d'apprentissage actives
Authors: Sgambi Luca , Kubiak Lylian
Published: October 2019

Teaching technical subjects in a school of architecture is not easy. The paper summarises a series of lectures given by the author where the problem of structural instability is introduced through the observation and study of the behavior of a real object. Through these lectures, the author also wants to stimulate the critical thinking and creativity of the students. (Paper is in French).
USO DE ESPECTROSCOPIA DE ULTRAVIOLETA VISÍVEL (UV-VIS) PARA A DETECÇÃO DE QUERCETINA EM PLANTAS POR MEIO DA FORMAÇÃO DO COMPLEXO QUERCETINA-ALUMÍNIO
Authors: Bernardi Fabiele , Nicolini Jaqueline
Published: October 2019

Ao rever o texto publicado como Nota Técnica em: Infarma, v.29, n.3,p.271-276, 2017, DOI.:10.14450/2318-9312.v29.e3.a2017.pp271-276Observamos que há duas vezes no texto o termo:“MeOH:AA 1:19 v/v “ sendo o termo correto “AA:MeOH 1:19 v/v”.
Rational emotive behavior therapy from a new perspective
Authors: Voltan Acar Nilüfer , Şahin Ekrem Sedat
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to give a different dimension to the Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy (REBT) Approach. For this purpose, by using the induction method; Growth has been reached. By adding G to the ABCDEF process at the end of the study; a final dimension. Theory and applications of REBT relies on the A-B-C model. According to this model, A (Activating Event) is a phenomenon or the existence of an event or a person’s behavior. In other words, A is the activating event. According to the A-B-C model, C (emotive or behavioral consequence) is the individual’s emotive or behavioral reaction or consequence that follows it. A (the actual event) does not cause C. what plays the primary role in the formation of C is the persons belief about A, and that is B. A-B and C comes D (disputing). D is the questioning of irrational and dysfunctional beliefs. Although REBT makes use of some other cognitive, emotive, and behavioral components in order to help reduce irrational beliefs of clients to a minimum, it emphasizes this disputing process (D) both during therapy and in daily life. Clients eventually reach E, namely, effective behavior or life philosophy, which has a practical side. E (effects) provides the effects of cognitively re-thinking in a more rational behavior mode. In an interview conducted with Ellis in 2005, Ellis suggested F which forces people to obey new rational beliefs in order to strengthen E, which has an influence on dispute. It can be said that F is basically Functional Feeling and Behavior which ensures the continuity of rational beliefs that come out as a result of E (effect) and which makes it easier to evaluate events within their own reality by following these rational beliefs. When REBT is considered with a new perspective, G (growth) can be added to the process after F (functional feeling and behavior), because it takes some time for the rational beliefs formed with the influence of F to set in for the individual. In a psychological counseling which applies a rational emotive behavior approach, the aim is to break this negative spiral. Irrational beliefs (B) of the individual are refuted by disputing them (D). In the new case which came about with the effect (E) of this dispute, functional emotions and behaviors (F) occur. One of the aims in REBT-based psychological counseling is for the client to realize his or her irrational beliefs, distinguish them from rational ones, and to learn to overcome irrational beliefs. The client learning this process and using rational beliefs in the face of new events can be called growth (G). In this respect, the main aim of REBT-based psychological counseling can be said to be enabling growth.
Theoria Cum Praxi – Modeling Specialised Communication
Authors: Pelikan Kristina , Roelcke Thorsten
Published: October 2019

As researchers from different nationalities and disciplines collaborate in research projects with joint grants, science becomes more and more global. For conducting the research, project members from several different professional and national backgrounds work together on a daily basis using English as lingua franca (ELF). This results in a very heterogenic linguistic setting, influenced by several mother tongues and languages for specific purposes (LSPs). Systematic approaches have been neglected during the last years while LSP research moved more and more towards applied approaches working on concrete case studies. The present study follows an alternative approach. Applied linguistics and further development of systematic approaches shall here be seen as a circular flow. For instance, communication optimisation during a case study benefits from system-thinking and vice versa. How could the project language of a case study be structured and which long established classifications need to be revised based on these data? Is there a need for a new understanding of applied LSP research?
A new generation of dual-mode optical thermometry based on ZrO2:Eu3+ nanocrystals
Authors: Zhou Jun , Lei Ruoshan , Wang Huanping , Hua Youjie , Li Denghao , Yang Qinghua , Deng Degang , Xu Shiqing
Published: October 2019

For achieving well-performing optical thermometry, a new type of dual-mode optical thermometer is explored based on the valley-to-peak ratio (VPR) and fluorescence lifetime of Eu3+ emissions in the ZrO2:Eu3+ nanocrystals with sizes down to 10 nm. In the VPR strategy, the intensity ratio between the valley (600 nm) generated by the emission band overlap and the 606 nm peak (5D0→7F2), which is highly temperature sensitive, is employed, giving the maximum relative sensing sensitivity (S
r

) of 1.8% K−1 at 293 K and good anti-interference performance. Meanwhile, the 606 nm emission exhibits a temperature-dependent decay lifetime with the highest S
r

of 0.33% K−1 at 573 K, which is due to the promoted nonradiative relaxation with temperature. These results provide useful information for constructing high-performance dual-mode optical thermometers, which may further stimulate the development of photosensitive nanomaterials for frontier applications.
Crystal structure of bis[triaqua-(μ2-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene-κ2
N:N′)-(4-sulfonatobenzoato-κ2
O,O′)zinc(II)], C13H15NO8SZn
Authors: Li Xiao-Ling , Xin Ling-Yun , Yu Yue-Yi , Yang Qing-Qing , Liu Meng-Ke
Published: October 2019

C13H15NO8SZn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.3456(3) Å, b = 13.7680(4) Å, c = 19.9125(5) Å, β = 107.051(2)°, V = 3235.85(14) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0325, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0819, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(acetylacetonato-κ2
O,O′)-(ethanolamine-κ2
N,O)copper(II), C14H25CuNO5
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: October 2019

C14H25CuNO5, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.7319(3) Å, b = 9.9198(5) Å, c = 11.6827(5) Å, α = 81.866(4)°, β = 75.576(4)°, γ = 74.562(4)°, V = 833.78(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0287, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0807, T = 100(2) K.
The crystal structure of 1,2-bis((4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)benzene, C24H18O2
Authors: Wu Shuai , Peng Ling , Zhou Pan , Zeng Zhigang
Published: October 2019

C24H18O2, orthorhombic, Ccc2 (no. 37), a = 9.7401(14) Å, b = 34.509(5) Å, c = 21.970(3) Å, V = 7384.7(19) Å3, Z = 16, R
gt(F) = 0.0738, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1559, T = 298(2) K.
Quality with integrity: Working in partnership to conduct a program review
Authors: McKenny Paige , Anderson Catherine
Published: October 2019

Quality assurance processes often include reductive quantitative metrics that view higher education through a neoliberal lens. This paper reports on a student-faculty partnership that conducted a quality review of an undergraduate program at a large research university and shows that working in partnership brings integrity and constructive complexity to the quality assurance process. The partnership laid the groundwork for realistic enhancements in the undergraduate program by weaving multiple, authentic perspectives from student and faculty stakeholders into the review. The authors also experienced profound growth in their sense of connection to each other and to the university community. These outcomes suggest that conducting quality assurance in partnership can destabilize traditional power structures and disrupt a transactional understanding of faculty-student relationships, while also satisfying regulatory requirements.
Modeling Lane-Change Risk in Urban Expressway Off-Ramp Area Based on Naturalistic Driving Data
Authors: Zhang Lanfang , Wang Shuli , Chen Cheng , Yang Minhao , She Xin
Published: October 2019

Off-ramp areas are considered the critical sections of urban expressways where the exiting vehicles and straight-through vehicles merge. Therefore, lane-change behaviors frequently occur at the upstream of the urban expressway off-ramp, which lead to high chance of traffic crashes. This study looks at the risk of lane-change behaviors in the multilane urban expressway off-ramp areas. First, lane-change process information of exit vehicles in urban expressway off-ramp area was extracted from the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study (SH-NDS) database. Second, for each lane-change movements of exit vehicles, a risk evaluation indicator (risk perception, RP) was adopted to quantify the lane-change risk. Based on the RP, the study proposed a four-rank risk classification criterion using K-means clustering to define the risk rank of each lane-change movement. Finally, a lane-change risk rank classification model was developed for traffic in the off-ramp areas of multilane expressways using four distinctive influencing factors. Four influencing factors, namely, traffic congestion level, demand lane change times, lane-change direction, and relative distance between vehicle and exit, were used to describe the traffic flow characteristics and exiting lane-change route for the modeling purpose. The risk model was developed using two support vector machine models, which were based on the partial binary tree structure and the directed acyclic graph structure, respectively. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the partial binary tree structure classifier was 65.71 % and the average AUC value was 0.9004, both of which shows a better performance of the partial binary tree structure classifier, compared with the directed acyclic graph structure classifier.
Activation of the Intrinsic Pain Inhibitory Circuit from the Midcingulate Cg2 to Zona Incerta Alleviates Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Hu Ting-Ting , Wang Ran-Ran , Du Yu , Guo Fang , Wu Yu-Xing , Wang Yi , Wang Shuang , Li Xiang-Yao , Zhang Shi-Hong , Chen Zhong
Published: October 2019

Neuropathic pain is one of the most common and notorious neurological diseases. The changes in cerebral structures after nerve injury and the corresponding contributions to neuropathic pain are not well understood. Here we found that the majority of glutamatergic neurons in the area 2 of midcingulate cortex (MCC Cg2Glu) were inhibited by painful stimulation in male mice. Optogenetic manipulation revealed that these neurons were tonically involved in the inhibitory modulation of multimodal nociception. We further identified the projections to GABAergic neurons in the zona incerta (ZIGABA) mediated the pain inhibitory role. However, MCC Cg2Glubecame hypoactive after nerve injury. Although a brief activation of the MCC Cg2Gluto ZIGABAcircuit was able to relieve the aversiveness associated with spontaneous ongoing pain, consecutive activation of the circuit was required to alleviate neuropathic allodynia. In contrast, glutamatergic neurons in the area 1 of MCC played opposite roles in pain modulation. They became hyperactive after nerve injury and only consecutive inhibition of their activity relieved allodynia. These results demonstrate that MCC Cg2Gluconstitute a component of intrinsic pain inhibitory circuitry and their hypoactivity underlies neuropathic pain. We propose that selective and persistent activation of the MCC Cg2Gluto ZIGABAcircuit may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlutamatergic neurons in the area 2 of midcingulate cortex (MCC Cg2Glu) are tonically involved in the intrinsic pain inhibition via projecting to GABAergic neurons in the zona incerta. They are hypoactive after nerve injury. Selective activation of the circuit compensates the reduction of its analgesic strength and relieves neuropathic pain. Therefore, MCC Cg2Gluand the related analgesic circuit may serve as therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain. In contrast, MCC Cg1Gluhave an opposite role in pain modulation and become hyperactive after nerve injury. The present study provides novel evidence for the concept that neuropathic pain is associated with the dysfunction of endogenous pain modulatory system and new perspective on the treatment of neuropathic pain.
“No Japanese in the Cockpit”
Authors: Jeon Chihyung
Published: October 2019

This article examines the techno-cultural process of accommodating, training, and qualifying the Japanese as pilots responsible for Pacific flights in the decade after the end of the allied occupation of Japan in 1952. There were two related modes of qualifying Japanese pilots, both of which created traffic of people, knowledge, and machines across the Pacific: One was the slow, politicized process of permitting Japanese pilots to fly again and training them with reference to American models of flying. Another mode of qualification consisted of measuring and recording the bodily differences between Japanese and American pilots, so that Japanese bodies could fit into American-designed cockpits and flying garments. Under the postwar technopolitical regime and given lingering racial perceptions, the terms and norms of the flying body and practice were mostly set by the American system, to which the Japanese worked hard to adapt. In this process, the cockpit and the Pacific served as crucial frames of reference for the Japanese. With its focus on pilot training and qualification, this article aims to bring together the histories of aviation, science, and U.S.-Japan relations and to situate them in the Pacific as a physical, imaginary, and technopolitical space.
The Limits of U.S. Science Diplomacy in the Space Age
Authors: Muir-Harmony Teasel
Published: October 2019

A moon rock, resting on a pedestal in the American Pavilion at the 1970 Osaka World Exposition, became the latest trophy for the United States in its fierce space race with the Soviet Union. The exhibit was part of a broader approach to U.S. diplomacy in this period, where science and technology, or in this case a scientific specimen, were deployed to spread Western democratic values, win over international public opinion, and counter anti-American sentiment. But the moon rock’s physical resemblance to earth rocks prompted a broader discussion among Japanese audiences at the Expo about the aims of U.S. scientific and technological progress, and the practicality and applicability of American cultural norms to Japanese visions of modernity. By considering what happens when a scientific specimen travels outside of the laboratory context, outside the world of scientists, and into the world of foreign relations, this article investigates the complicated dynamics of science, material culture, and power during this critical juncture in the United States’ engagement with Japan.
Thank God He’s on Our Side
Authors: Johns Andrew L.
Published: October 2019

This essay is part of a roundtable titled “The Scholarship, Influence, and Legacy of David F. Schmitz.” The roundtable includes an introduction from Andrew L. Johns; essays by Vanessa Walker, Steven J. Brady, Kimber M. Quinney, and Kathryn C. Statler; and a response from David F. Schmitz.
A Question of Democracy in U.S. Foreign Policy
Authors: Walker Vanessa
Published: October 2019

This essay is part of a roundtable titled “The Scholarship, Influence, and Legacy of David F. Schmitz.” The roundtable includes an introduction from Andrew L. Johns; essays by Vanessa Walker, Steven J. Brady, Kimber M. Quinney, and Kathryn C. Statler; and a response from David F. Schmitz.
Ideas are Weapons
Authors: Quinney Kimber M.
Published: October 2019

This essay is part of a roundtable titled “The Scholarship, Influence, and Legacy of David F. Schmitz.” The roundtable includes an introduction from Andrew L. Johns; essays by Vanessa Walker, Steven J. Brady, Kimber M. Quinney, and Kathryn C. Statler; and a response from David F. Schmitz.
Serum MMP-7 in the Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia
Authors: Jiang Jingying , Wang Junfeng , Shen Zhen , Lu Xuexin , Chen Gong , Huang Yanlei , Dong Rui , Zheng Shan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

The overlapping features of biliary atresia (BA) and other neonatal cholestasis with alternative causes (non-BA) have posed challenges for diagnosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) has been reported to be promising in diagnosing BA. We aimed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of MMP-7 for BA in a large population sample.

METHODS:

We enrolled 288 patients with neonatal obstructive jaundice from March 2017 to October 2018. Serum MMP-7 levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and decision curve analysis was done. A Pearson correlation coefficient test was conducted to assess the correlation between MMP-7 levels and other characteristics.

RESULTS:

The median serum MMP-7 levels were 38.89 ng/mL (interquartile range: 22.96–56.46) for the BA group and 4.4 ng/mL (interquartile range: 2.73–6.56) for the non-BA group (P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.9829 for MMP-7, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95.19%, 93.07%, 97.27%, and 91.43%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 10.37 ng/mL. When MMP-7 was combined with γ glutamyl transferase, the diagnostic accuracy was slightly improved without significance when compared with MMP-7 alone and had an area under the curve of 0.9880 (P = .08). Decision curve analysis also showed potential for MMP-7 to be used for clinical applications. A significant correlation was found with fibrosis stage from liver biopsy (R = 0.47; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

MMP-7 demonstrated good accuracy in diagnosing BA and holds promise for future clinical application. Furthermore, its correlation with liver fibrosis indicated its potential use as a therapeutic target or prognostic biomarker.
Understanding the Influence and Effects of Devolution on Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Garissa County, Kenya
Authors: Abdi Ali Hussein , Farah Salah Abdirahaman
Published: October 2019

The Agriculture sector in Kenya is as important as the country. Much of the agricultural function was transferred to the devolved units when the new constitution was passed by Kenyans and promulgated. The question many are asking is, have county governments initiated strategies in place to improve food security and ultimately contribute to the economy.

Agriculture is the major contributor of our economy today. Kenya needs to be a self-sufficient country and feed its people. County governments have a huge role in ensuring this objective achieved. Based on this, a research title is proposed “Understanding the influence and effects of devolution on agricultural development: A case study of Garissa county, Kenya” The research seeks to clarify to the public and the other stakeholders concerned if actually devolved units have done anything to improve the agricultural sector since its inception. Have county governments put clear, achievable and practical strategies for this sector to grow and how best can counties improve this important sector. The research findings will be very helpful to those who are involve in the agricultural sector, directly or indirectly.

The research objectives are; to compare performance of agriculture before and after devolution, to evaluate the achievements of devolution in the agricultural sector, to analyse the challenges faced by county governments in developing this sector, to examine the perception of the public on the best strategies to improve agriculture in Kenya and to give synthesised recommendations to all stakeholders.

The research was conducted within Garissa County, four out of the six sub counties. A total of 310 respondents were engaged ranging from farmers, the general public and the staff of the county government

The research found out that there is a gap in the sector that needs attention. Agricultural production, although remained steadfast over the years, has been in deplorable situation. The research findings is helpful to all stakeholders-both levels of governments, farmers, the public and non-state actors.  The research commends that the County governments should use bottom-up approach strategy when making critical decision affecting the department. This will aid them obtain raw and unbiased information for action. The department of agriculture experts should be deployed to all sub counties (at the grassroots). 95 percent of these staff stay at county headquarters doing nothing. Their presence at the villages, farms will come in handy or the farmers. People with experience and experts should be employed to spearhead this exercise. Routine visits should be made to the farming areas.
Coherence between oscillations in the cardiorespiratory system and tissue oxygen index in muscle recovering from intensive exercise in humans
Authors: Usuda N , Shirakawa K , Hatano K , Abe MO , Yunoki T , Yano T
Published: October 2019

It has been shown that the tissue oxygen index (TOI) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy oscillates at very low frequencies during recovery after exercise and that this oscillation is derived from interactions among biochemical substances involved in oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. As a further step, we examined whether TOI in muscle interacts through oscillation with factors related to oxygen in the cardiorespiratory system. For this examination, coherence and phase difference between the TOI in the vastus lateralis and heart rate (HR) and between TOI and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were sequentially determined during recovery (2–60 min) after severe cycle exercise with a workload of 7.5% of body weight for 20 s. Significant coherence between TOI and HR was obtained in the very low-frequency band (approximate range: 0.002–0.03 Hz) and in the low-frequency band (approximate range: 0.06–0.12 Hz). The phase difference was negative in the low-frequency band and positive in the very low-frequency band. The coherence between TOI and SpO2 was significant in the very low-frequency band. The phase difference was negative. There were no sequential changes in these coherences and phase differences. The results suggest that TOI in skeletal muscle interrelates with factors related to the heart and lungs.
ANDROGYNY IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT VISUAL FASHION SPACE: PHILOSOPHICAL AND CULTUROLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Tormakhova A. M.
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the androgyny presentation in current visual culture, in particular in fashion and its philosophical and culturological comprehension. Determination of the leading trends associated with the offset of gender stereotypes and denial of the established separation into the feminine and masculine beginnings is due to the attention to the latest theories, such as transfeminism. Theoretical basis is the works of contemporary authors who develop such concepts as "gender", "gender identity", "androgyne" and move within the limits of the theories of transfeminism and transgenderism. The leading French thinker J. Baudrillard outlines philosophical measurements related to the justification of fashion. The interaction issues of the feminist theory, aesthetics of gender and androgyny, which are manifested in visual images, are presented in the writings of P. Auslander, R. Crepax. Transformation of the androgyny idea is considered in the works of B. Řiháková, F. J. Galarte. S. Stryker, T. Bettcher and J. Halberstam also address the problem of transgenderism and transfeminism in their writings. Originality is to highlight the main aspects associated with actualization of androgyny, its visual presentations in fashion, and the connections with contemporary theoretical discourse. A number of concepts related to the transformation of gender stereotypes have been identified. It was revealed that the logical continuation of changes in society, science and technical development is the actualization of androgyny as an individual’s freedom in self-presentation and self-identification. It was emphasized that during the last century androgyny also serves as the basis for forming new trends in theoretical discourse, in particular, transfeminism, as well as it finds many visual manifestations in fashion and fashion industry. Conclusions contain the results of the study that describes the role of androgyny in the context of today’s culture as a measurement of personal freedom, aimed at avoiding gender stereotypes and the usual dichotomy of masculinity and femininity, which manifests itself in contemporary visual practices.
FAREWELL, "CASTRATED OTHER": GENDER MEDICINE AND DECONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES OF POSTMODERNISM
Authors: Chuikova O. V.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. Objectives of the study are as follows: to remove the reduction of women to a metaphysical subject, to the "castrated Other" through the correlation of postmodern strategies and gender medicine; to institutionalize gender medicine as knowledge and practical activities that improve the quality and span of life of women based on the methodological application of deconstruction, complementarity, differance, "double writing", X-subject treatment and biomedical innovations; the perspective of gender medicine development is the implementation of the concept of "sovereign writing" of postmodern in individual treatment of a person. Theoretical basis. Shock value of the title means farewell to metaphysics in the complex of its derived concepts. The author criticizes the abstract, reduced, marginalized, deviant subject of classical metaphysics and its continuation in psychoanalysis (Freud, Lacan), explores the correlation of postmodern philosophy strategies and biomedical innovations. The allusion to the masterpiece of world cinematography Pasolini’s "Ciao maschio" corresponds to the rhizomatic stylistics of the postmodern. Originality. After feminist transgressions, gender constructivism postmodern philosophy demonstrates a new subject and a new methodology, which formed gender medicine. Differance, distinction, complementarity, X-subject of treatment, chiasmatic movement, "double writing", "sovereign writing" organically turned over and reconstructed modern medicine in gender, biochemical, and hormonal innovative variations. Conclusions. 1. Based on the philosophy and biomedical innovations, a new direction has grown – gender medicine, which has removed the reduction of women to a metaphysical subject, "castrated Other", which has improved the quality of women’s health and span of life. 2. Gender medicine in organic combination with the strategies of deconstruction, complementarity, differance, distinction as hormonal distinction, "double writing" as a "dual protocol" of treatment for the same diseases of men and women, the treatment of X-subject turned out to be "new wisdom", which improves the quality of health and span of life in everyday practice. 3. The prospect of the gender medicine’s development is in the implementation of the "sovereign writing" as an individual treatment of a specific person.
WOMEN OF UKRAINIAN ANTI-NAZI UNDERGROUND REFLECTED IN HISTORICAL ANTROPOLOGY
Authors: Slobodyanyuk M. A. , Radkevich T. O.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to study the behaviour of women in extreme conditions, to establish various social roles of women, ways of their adaptation to extreme conditions on the example of Ukrainian anti-Nazi underground during Second World War. Theoretical basis. The authors derive from the fact that historical anhropology is a leading and promising area of historical research. Originality. For the first time, the authors have shown that in conditions of constant stress state and direct threat to life and health, the behaviour of underground women was determined by adequate survival strategies, i.e. by the life circumstances and personal qualities of the underground members. Conclusions. Permanent existence on the verge of life and death often led women to emotional actions, deviant forms of behaviour. Their actions could be controversial, and the motives – confusing. At the same time, the majority of women left in the Soviet underground chose as a strategy of survival the path of confrontation with occupiers, held true to their choices, often showed courage, ingenuity and self-sacrifice.
Thrips species associated with varieties of the native cerrado fruit tree Hancornia speciosa
Authors: Silva Jéssica Ferreira , Pereira Jaqueline Magalhães , Rocha Charlles Brandão Silva , Peres André Júnio Andrade , Lima Élison Fabrício Bezerra
Published: October 2019

Abstract Studies of insects associated with the fruit tree Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), a native of the Brazilian Cerrado popularly known as “mangabeira”, are generally restricted to reports from seedling nurseries. Thrips predominate among insects that attack this crop. This study investigated the species of Thysanoptera that use this native fruit as a host, and which variety they prefer. The H. speciosa varieties speciosa s.str., cuyabensis, gardneri and pubescens were obtained from the collections of the ex-situ germplasm bank of native species at the Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil. Evaluations were conducted from January through December 2016. A total of 1679 individual thrips were identified. Thrips were most abundant on pubescens (79.08%), followed by gardneri (15.02%), cuyabensis (4.71%), and speciosa (1.19%). Representatives of the family Thripidae predominated in all collections, especially Coremothrips nubiculus and Heliothrips longisensibilis. The foliar trichomes present in var. pubescens may account for the high abundance of thrips on this variety. Heliothrips longisensibilis is recorded in Brazil for the first time.