bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Alteration and Mineralization Characteristics of Miocene Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits of Chagai Magmatic Belt, District Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Murad Fida , Ghaffar Abdul , Ullah Innayat , Mastoi Abdul Shakoor , Zaman Muhammad Tariq
Published: June 2021

Subduction related Miocene porphyry type deposits are found in the east-west trending Chagai magmatic belt (CMB) in Pakistan's western margin, Balochistan. This arc exists on the west segment of the Tethyan metallogenic belt in the south-west of Pakistan. Tethyan metallogenic belt is widely spread over 12,000 km from east to west direction from Indochina, Tibet, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey and Alpine mountain range in Europe. During the last thirty to forty years several porphyry deposits have been reported in the Chagai magmatic arc, including the very large Reko Diq H14-H15, large Saindak, Tanjeel, H35, H8 and medium Dasht-e-Kain porphyry deposits and many small porphyry copper deposits. These porphyry deposits were developed within the phase of calc-alkaline type magmatism in the Chagai arc. Tonalite, quartz diorite, and monzonite host the porphyry deposits within the adjacent sedimentary wall rock units of Sinjrani Volcanic Group, Juzzak, Saindak, and Amalaf Formations. The concentric zonal pattern of hydrothermal alteration in these porphyry deposits of the Chagai magmatic arc follows the world's major porphyry deposits' alteration pattern. Zones of hydrothermal alteration from distal to proximal part includesa potassic alteration, sericitic-clay-chlorite alteration, sericitic alteration, argillic alteration and propylitic alteration. Major ore mineralization in these deposits is of copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, and minor constituents of other base metals that have been reported to occur within hydrothermal alteration zones in the Miocene porphyry Chagai magmatic arc
Adaptation Strategies in Response to the Effect of Climate Change on Tomato Production
Authors: Akramzoi Ihsanullah , Rahmani Shafiqullah , Zamany Ahmad Jawid , Kamran Samiullah
Published: June 2021

Climate change is one of the largest challenge of this century. Globally, climate change causes drops in yield for their most valuable crops, particularly in developing countries. Afghanistan is one of the world's most vulnerable countries to the negative consequences of climate change. Tomato cultivation is a means of livelihood for most farmers in Afghanistan. The aim of this study was to assess the adaptation strategies on tomato production in response to the impact of climate change in Ghazni province. The study findings indicate a rise in both maximum and minimum temperatures, combined with a decline in annual precipitation over the ten years (2008-2017) period in an unreliable seasonal distribution. The study found that the occurrence of pests and diseases had a substantial impact on tomato production due to climate change. Present study highlights the role of climate variables in the production of tomatoes (temperature and precipitation) while controlling other confounding factors. Selection of crop variety according to climate change and planting time are the two adaptation methods to cope up with the drastic change in the climate to retain the productivity to some extent.
Monte Carlo Simulation and Scenario Analysis Based Limestone Quarry Production Planning
Authors: Shah Kausar Sultan , Rehman Safi Ur
Published: June 2021

The key factor behind raw mix design in the cement factory is the appropriate production planning, resulting in high-quality raw material. Quarry managers usually come up with uncertainty-related raw materials due to variations in chemical composition. These uncertainties required efficient planning in terms of useful insight into this problem. This research provides a detailed explanation of scenario analysis of raw materials used in cement manufacturing using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and indices. Scenario analysis is used to predict the possibility of best, worst and most likely cases of raw material’s quality. Whereas, Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the inherent uncertainty associated with chemical composition values in order to analyze the impact of truly unpredictable scenarios. The predictive results help in decisions related to production planning, raw mix design optimization and increasing the probability of designing the best plan.
Exploration of Shallow Geothermal Energy Aquifers by Using Electrical Resistivity Survey in Laki Range Jamshoro district Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Jamali Muhammad Afzal , Agheem Muhammad Hassan , Markhand Akhtar Hussain , Shaikh Shahid Ali , Arain Asfand Yar Wali , Khaskhely Mujeeb Ur Rehman , Sahito Ali Ghulam , Memon Kashif Ahmed , Mujtaba Waqarullah Hassan
Published: June 2021

Geothermal water is increasingly used around the world for its exploitation. Bulk electrical resistivity differences can bring significant information on variation of subsurface geothermal aquifer characteristics. The electrical resistivity survey was carried out in Laki range in lower Indus basin in the study area to explore the subsurface geothermal aquifers. The Schlumberger electrode configuration with range from 2 m to 220 m depth was applied. Three prominent locations of hot springs were selected including Laki Shah Saddar, Lalbagh and Kai hot spring near Sehwan city. After processing resistivity image data, two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated at Laki Shah Sadder hot springs. The depth of first aquifer was 56 m and its thickness 38 m in the limestones. The depth of second aquifer of 190 m and with thickness of 96 m hosted in limestone. In Lalbagh hot springs two geothermal aquifers were delineated on the basis of apparent resistivity contrast, the depth of first aquifer zone in sandstone was in sandstone 15 m and thickness 12 m, while the depth of second aquifer was 61m and thickness was 35m. In Kai hot springs two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated. The depth of first geothermal aquifer was 21m and thickness was 18 m and the depth of second aquifer was 105 m and thickness was 61m present in sandstone lithology. Present work demonstrates the capability of electrical resistivity images to study the potential of geothermal energy in shallow aquifers. These outcomes could potentially lead to a number of practical applications, such as the monitoring or the design of shallow geothermal systems.
Sediment Characterization and Monsoonal Impact on Beach Morphology at the Three Beaches along the Karachi Coast, Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Sumera , Arshad Nazia
Published: June 2021

Sediment characteristics plays important role in the determination and functioning of coastal ecosystems. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the variability in sediment characteristics of the three beaches: Clifton, Sandspit and Buleji, at the Karachi coast. The samples were collected during pre-monsoon and south-west monsoon seasons to evaluate the seasonal differences. The sediments of the three sites showed variations in moisture content, organic matter and grain size. The highest mean moisture (27.17%) and organic contents (3.5 %) were recorded from the sediments of Clifton. The maximum fraction of sediments (> 80 %) consist of fine to very fine sand at all studied sites. The sediments of Clifton were high in very fine sand fraction and low in coarse sand fraction as compared to Sandspit and Buleji. The sediments of all the three studied sites are moderately sorted, negatively coarse-skewed and showed leptokurtic distribution. The studied beaches of Clifton, Sandspit and Buleji shows dissimilarity in sediment characteristics as indicated through Cluster and PCA analysis. The monsoonal influence on sediment characteristics was also observed at all the three studied beaches. The strong wave action during SW monsoon season results in the deposition of the coarser sediments at the high tide level thus increasing the steepness of the beaches.
Principles of the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, GORCHAKOVA M.S.
Published: June 2021

The article raises the topical issue of improving the principles of the domestic contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs. The analysis of certain principles presented in the scientific literature, but not enshrined in the legislation, is carried out. The author comes to the conclusion that adherence to the principles of implementing government orders guarantees the possibility of improving this area, makes it possible to implement a comprehensive, efficient, adaptive to changes in the economic situation, procurement activities of the state, its bodies and institutions.
Value bases of administrative law
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, Melnikova N.A. , Potylitsyna S.V. ,   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia
Published: June 2021

The article reveals an axiological approach to administrative law, analyzes the forms of embodiment of the value foundations of administrative law. A characteristic is given of one of the existing classifications of types of value orientations, within the framework of which such forms as social target values and ideals, objectively embodied values, personal, existential values are distinguished. The authors analyzed the content of each of the groups of values, taking into account the peculiarities of their interpretation. The theoretical provisions on the value foundations of administrative law are formulated, the social role and importance of the industry are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the subject of administrative law and the current administrative legislation in modern conditions, the possible directions of their further development are outlined, taking into account the value orientations that have general and sectoral significance
Topical issues of qualifying violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules in the context of the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors:   Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, SANTASHOV A.L.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses topical problems of qualification of violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules (Art. 236 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Particular attention is paid to the analysis of judicial practice in the case of such signs as “mass illness or poisoning of people” or “the creation of a threat of the onset of such consequences.” These questions are being updated by the author in connection with the spread and fight against the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Possible negative scenarios for the development of the situation with this disease in penitentiary institutions are predicted. It is concluded that responsibility for a violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules, which created a threat of the onset of such consequences, can occur only if this threat is real, when a mass illness or poisoning of people did not occur only as a result of timely adopted by state authorities, local self-government, medical employees and other persons of measures aimed at preventing the spread of the disease (poisoning), or as a result of other circumstances beyond the control of the will of the person who violated these rules.
Computer ethics and cyberethics in forensic expert activity
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, ZALIVOKHINA O.S. , KUCHIN O.S. ,   Russian State University of Justice
Published: June 2021

The article deals with ethical issues related to the process of informatization of forensic expert activity. In recent years in connection with the development of computer technology scientists and philosophers began to talk about new directions in the teaching of morality. Computer ethical and cyber-ethical topics are especially relevant both for forensic science and for forensic expertology, since these areas of science and practice are closely related to the use of information technology. The author analyzes the connection of modern teachings on morality with the methodology of forensic expert activity and the competence of an expert. Also through the prism of cyberethics and computer ethics, the article highlights the problems of expert responsibility, information assessment and Internet security. It is concluded that it is necessary to introduce the provisions of modern computer ethics into the structure of the ethics of a forensic expert.
Important Factors for Agile Supply Chain in Iranian Automobile Industries
Authors:   Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Bathaei Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Automobile industry is one of the competitive industry in the world. The companies should be flexible to provide customers’ demand. They need a good strategy to be flexible, agile is the best strategy for this problem. Supply chain is one of the important part of manufacturing, in the automobile industry they should have a good suppliers to answer any change in the product line. In Iran the suppliers of Automobile industries have a problem to be flexible and fast to answer the product line’s change. In this study, the important factors for agile supply chain in Iranian Automobile industries introduced. This factors selected based on experts’ opinion and analyzed by fuzzy Delphi method. The results indicated that Daily P.O.S feedback is the important factors for Iranian automobile industries.
Amul's Lockdown Marketing Strategy
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Sinhgad Business School, Pune, Maharashtra, Bhalerao Mrs. Harshali
Published: June 2021

Mr. Michael Fernandes, creative man behind the Amul’s Butter Girl, was deep into thoughts. They just had a video conference meet with the other creative team to discuss on the upcoming strategy for promotion of Amul. The entire creative team had to meet virtually on account of the strict lockdown in the country due to the fast - spreading Covid 19 pandemic. Blue haired Amul butter girl had an enduring place on the billboards and on the hearts of the Indians. The Indians loved the Butter girl very much. Dr. Merian, Managing Director of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) said that due to the current lockdown situation people would not be able to come on the streets looking at the billboards relishing the Amul advertisements for at least three months now. Or maybe more. At the same time ban on newspaper distribution would prevent the advertisements to reach homes of the Indian buyers. The major promotional media for Amul, billboards and newspapers would be useless during this lockdown period. This had set Michael worrying. He was just not getting a way out. How should he reach the minds of the Indians without Amul Butter girl advertisements on the billboard and in newspapers? How should he promote Amul brand during this lockdown condition?
Effect of short-term practice of breathing exercises on the breathing capacity in school-age girls (Efecto de la práctica a corto plazo de ejercicios respiratorios sobre la capacidad respiratoria en niñas en edad escolar)
Authors: Teixeira Costa Hélder José , Moreira Cristiano C. F. , Gomes Elisabete M. C. , Leão António A. I.
Published: June 2021

Background: The breathing mechanism has existed since our birth and accompanies us throughout life. Breathing is an important function in the regulatory process of numerous body functions, its optimization can bring many health benefits. However, many children are unaware of the mechanisms of breathing, namely abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing, and in addition to this, many breathe normally through their mouths. Methods: The present study aimed to verify the influence of a short-term breathing exercise program in school-age girls breathing capacity. Fourteen female students aged between 8 and 10 years were selected, from this selection two groups were formed, the control group (CG) with 7 children and the experimental group (EG) with 7. Through a spirometric test, an assessment of breathing capacity (ABC) was carried out for both groups. The GE participated in a program of breathing exercises (BEP) lasting 15 to 20 minutes for 5 weeks. Then, the ABC was performed again for both groups. Discussion: The results demonstrate a significant increase in the values (p <0.01) of the forced vital capacity (FVC) of the EG, thus suggesting that the application of a BEP promotes the breathing capacity of school-aged girls. Further studies should be performed with larger samples and with a longer protocol.
Resumen. El mecanismo respiratorio existe desde nuestro nacimiento y nos acompaña durante toda la vida. La respiración es una función importante en el proceso regulador de numerosas funciones corporales, su optimización puede traer muchos beneficios para la salud. Sin embargo, muchos niños desconocen los mecanismos de la respiración, a saber, la respiración abdominal o diafragmática, y además de esto, muchos respiran normalmente por la boca. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la influencia de un programa de ejercicios respiratorios de corta duración en la capacidad respiratoria de niñas en edad escolar. Se seleccionaron catorce alumnas de entre 8 y 10 años, de esta selección se conformaron dos grupos, el grupo control (GC) con 7 niños y el grupo experimental (GE) con 7. Mediante una prueba espirométrica, una evaluación de la capacidad respiratoria (ABC) se llevó a cabo para ambos grupos. El GE participó en un programa de ejercicios respiratorios (BEP) que duró de 15 a 20 minutos durante 5 semanas. Luego, se realizó nuevamente el ABC para ambos grupos. Los resultados demuestran un aumento significativo en los valores (p <0.01) de la capacidad vital forzada (FVC) del GE, sugiriendo así que la aplicación de un BEP promueve la capacidad respiratoria de las niñas en edad escolar. Se deben realizar más estudios con muestras más grandes y con un protocolo más extenso.
Percepciones sobre el abordaje de las Necesidades Educativas Especiales en la Práctica Profesional Virtual de Educación Física (Perceptions on addressing Special Educational Needs in the virtual professional practice of Physical Education)
Authors: Castillo-Retamal Franklin , Torres-Medina Alejandra , Herrera-Muñoz Marilyn , Faúndez-Casanova César
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el nivel de atención a los estudiantes que presentan necesidades educativas especiales (NEE) en los centros de Práctica de Síntesis Profesional (PSP) de Educación Física (EF) en tiempos de pandemia. La metodología utilizada responde a un análisis de tipo cuantitativo mediante un estudio exploratorio. La población de estudio determinada fue de 79 profesores en formación que desarrollaron su proceso de PSP durante el año 2020 y la muestra, de tipo no-probabilística por conveniencia, corresponde a 63 individuos. Los resultados indican que un 65,1% de los centros educativos demostró preocupación por lograr la inclusión de todos sus estudiantes en tiempos de pandemia, sin embargo, un 34,9% tuvo carencias en este aspecto, asimismo, un 53,9% le otorga importancia a las NEE, por el contrario, y no menos importante, un 46,1% indica que esto no fue así. En conclusión, se determinó que, si bien existió atención en muchos de los centros educativos estudiados, algunos de ellos todavía requieren mejorar en este aspecto para atender a sus estudiantes con NEE, evidenciando en estos últimos un nivel descendido de atención. 
Abstract.The objective of this work is to know the level of attention of the students who present SEN in the Professional Synthesis Practice centers (PSP) in times of pandemic. The methodology used responds to a quantitative analysis through an exploratory study. The study population determined was 79 students who developed their professional synthesis practice process during 2020 and the non-probabilistic sample for convenience corresponds to 63 individuals. The results indicate that 65.1% of the educational centers showed concern about achieving the inclusion of all their students in times of pandemic, however 34.9% had deficiencies in this aspect, likewise, 53.9% grant it importance to SEN, on the contrary and no less important, 46.1% indicate that this was not the case. In conclusion, it was determined that although there was attention in many of the educational centers studied, some of them still require improvement in this aspect to serve their students with SEN, appreciating a decreased level in the latter.
Influencia de un programa de juegos pueriles sobre la coordinación motriz en estudiantes de educación básica (Incidence of a childish games program on motor coordination in students of basic education)
Authors: Burbano Pantoja Víctor Miguel Ángel , Cárdenas Remolina Manuel Camilo , Valdivieso Miranda Margoth Adriana
Published: June 2021

Resumen
La estructura corporal del escolar con edad entre los siete y ocho años está en un continuo crecer y el maestro de educación física puede constituirse en un factor para potencializar el desarrollo de su Coordinación Motriz (CM); por medio de programas de intervención podría ayudar a mejorar sus competencias físicas, sociales y académicas. Este trabajo investigativo tuvo por objetivo, establecer la incidencia de un programa de juegos pueriles sobre tal coordinación en una muestra de 96 alumnos de grado segundo de un colegio colombiano. La metodología incluyó un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño experimental; los datos fueron recolectados con el test de Capón sobre los escolares que conformaron dos grupos: experimental y control. La información fue procesada con el software Geogebra. Los resultados del pre-test evidenciaron bajos niveles en la CM de los participantes; mientras que, los puntajes del post-test fueron significativamente mayores y reflejaron niveles altos en dicha coordinación para el grupo de experimentación, como producto de aplicar el programa de juegos pueriles. En conclusión, este programa incide favorablemente sobre la mejora de la CM de los escolares y genera información adicional para formular programas de intervención estudiantil.
Abstract
The body structure of the schoolboy aged between seven and eight years is constantly growing and the physical education teacher can become a factor to enhance the development of his Motor Coordination (CM); Through intervention programs it could help improve their physical, social and academic skills. The objective of this research work was to establish the incidence of a childish games program on such coordination in a sample of 96 second-grade students from a Colombian school. The methodology included a quantitative approach and an experimental design; The data were collected with the Capón test on the schoolchildren who made up two groups: experimental and control. The information was processed with the Geogebra software. The results of the pre-test showed low levels in the CM of the participants; while, the post-test scores were significantly higher and reflected high levels in said coordination for the experimentation group, as a product of applying the childish games program. In conclusion, this program has a favorable impact on the improvement of the CM of schoolchildren and generates additional information to formulate student intervention programs.
The effect of balanced versus unbalanced football small-sided games on decision-making in youth football players (El efecto de los juegos reducidos de fútbol equilibrado versus desequilibrado en la toma de decisiones de los jugadores de fútbol Juvenil (Th
Authors: Sousa Honorato José , Gouveia Élvio Rúbio , Marques Adilson , Sarmento Hugo , Lopes Helder , Ihle Andreas
Published: June 2021

Decision-making (DM) is an important ability targeted in the formation of young football players that can improve by using small-sided games (SSGs). The main purpose of this study was to assess players’ DM in different balanced and unbalanced SSG formats keeping the play area constant. The sample was composed of 10 field players plus 2 goalkeepers (13.55±0.51 years). This study consisted of 3 sessions, one day for each session, with an interval of 48 hours apart between sessions. Three different SSG formats (4vs.4; 4vs.5; 4vs.6), in a play area of 40x30 meters, were selected. The outcome was the decision-making index (DMI), assessed with the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Results showed that on two of the three days, there were statistical differences in DMI across the three different SSG formats. In the 4vs.6 format a higher median score than in the 4vs.4 format was recorded on day 2 (U=13.0, z=-2.34, p=.025, r=.57) and day 3 (U=5.50, z=-2.98, p=.003, r=.72). In conclusion, the use of unbalanced SSG formats in the training may benefit DM development, and therefore may constitute an important factor to be considered in the formation of young football players.
Motivación y TIC como reguladores de la actividad física en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática (Motivation and ICT as regulators of physical activity in teenagers: a systematic review)
Authors: Durán Vinagre Miguel Ángel , Leador Albano Víctor Manuel , Sánchez Herrera Susana , Feu Molina Sebastián
Published: June 2021

Tradicionalmente, la diversidad de factores que influyen en la prás adolescentes ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Sin embargo, no hemos localizado investigaciones que aporten datos empíricos que permitan determinar el efecto de la motivación y el uso de las TIC en la práctica de actividad física en adolescentes. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios que evalúan el efecto de la motivación y el uso de las TIC para la mejora de la práctica de actividad física en la adolescencia. En la revisión fueron incluidos 243 artículos científicos publicados en las bases de datos Web of Science (WOS) y Scopus, de enero de 2010 hasta abril de 2021, utilizando la metodología PRISMA para analizar la información. Los resultados arrojan evidencias científicas que justifican que la motivación y el uso de las TIC son factores que inciden positivamente en la realización de actividad física. Entre las principales razones destaca que el uso inapropiado de los recursos tecnológicos es uno de los principales causantes del sedentarismo, la inactividad física y la declinación de los hábitos de vida saludables de la población.
Abstract. Traditionally, the diversity of factors that influence the practice of physical activity of adolescents has been widely studied. However, we have not found research that provides empirical data that allow us to determine the effect of motivation and the use of ICT in the practice of physical activity in adolescents. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the studies that evaluate the effect of motivation and the use of ICT to improve the practice of physical activity in adolescence. The review included 243 scientific articles published in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases, from January 2010 to April 2021, using the PRISMA methodology to analyze the information. The results provide scientific evidence that justify that motivation and the use of ICT are factors that positively affect the performance of physical activity. Among the main reasons, it stands out that the inappropriate use of technological resources is one of the main causes of sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity and the decline in healthy lifestyle habits of the population.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN, KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI, STRUKTUR MODAL DAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN KELUARGA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2016 – 201
Authors: Wahyuni Endang , Purwaningsih Endang
Published: June 2021

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of managerial ownership, firm size, profitability, dividend policy, investment decisions, capital structure and intellectual capital on firm value.

The population of this study is family companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2016-2019. The sample of this research is 128 samples. Sampling using purposive sampling method, namely determining the sample from the existing population based on the criteria desired by the researcher. This study uses multiple linear regression to analyze the data.

The results of this study indicate managerial ownership has no effect on firm value, firm size has no effect on firm value, profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value, dividend policy has no effect on firm value, investment decisions have a significant positive effect on firm value, capital structure has a significant negative effect on firm value, and intellectual capital has no effect on firm value.
Colossal Rhinolith
Authors: Shakrawal Neha , Choudhury Bikram , Soni Kapil , Kaushal Darwin
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Rhinolith is a calcic deposition formed by mineralization of salts in an impacted nasal foreign body. It is a benign condition that can be troublesome owing to its size and extent of impact.
Case Report
A 35-year-old man with a history of right nasal obstruction with occasional foul-smelling discharge and right eye pain since ten years was diagnosed with rhinolith. During its removal, it was three times bigger than what could be visualized in nasal endoscopy.
Conclusion
Proper history, examination, and a high suspicion can clinch the diagnosis in almost all cases. A rigid diagnostic nasendoscopy is an important tool in the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is endoscopic removal under local or general anaesthesia.
Spontaneous Transection of a Retained 16 Year Old Nasogastric Tube
Authors: Sarkar Tanmoy , Biswas Debabrata , Das Riya , Roy Uday Shankar
Published: June 2021

Introduction
The insertion of nasogastric (NG) feeding tube or Ryle’s tube is a common procedure for treating patients in different medical or surgical conditions. One of its indications is in patients who can’t eat or swallow due to obstruction in upper digestive tract.
Case Report
We encountered a 71 year old female patient with stricture in mid to low esophagus, who presented with a retained NG tube in situ for more than 16 years. Post admission, an NCCT scan of neck, thorax and upper abdomen showed about 30cm long retained tube with its lower end in the body of stomach. Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy was subsequently performed and the retained tube was carefully removed in toto.
Discussion
Insertion of nasogastric tube is a frequent and well tolerated day to day procedure though it can produce unexpected complications like stricture, perforation or haemorrhage and even spontaneous transection in a few patients with prolonged indwelling Ryle’s tube. Long term placement of nasogastric tube is thus not recommended to avoid complications.
Nasal Carriage of Staphylococci among Health Care Workers and Impact of Conventional Decolonisation Methods
Authors: Das Chiranjib , Ghosh Ranadeep , Dhar Kingshuk
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Staphylococci are one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. The principal route of transmission of Staphylococci is the contaminated hands of health care workers (HCWs). Staphylococci can also be found as part of the nasal microbiota without causing overt disease. So we undertake the present study to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic nasal carriage of Staphylococci among HCWs and impact of conventional decolonisation methods in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal.
Materials and Methods
Nasal swabs were collected from anterior nares of HCWs for culture and antibiotic sensitivity test on day one. HCWs who were found to be carriers of Staphylococci were advised to apply mupirocin ointment to anterior nares twice daily along with chlorhexidinegluconate bath once daily for five days. All HCWs were also advised to practice standard hygiene protocol. All of them were re-tested for nasal swab culture and antibiotic sensitivity on day seven and day twenty eight.
Results
Nasal carriage of Staphylococci in the first, second and third culture report was found to be 64.28%, 7.14% and 24.49% respectively. Cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole and erythromycin were least effective against Staphylococci. There was variable sensitivity to clindamycin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. All strains of Staphylococci were highly sensitive to linezolid. All strains of Staphylococci except MRSA were highly sensitive to vancomycin.
Conclusion
The present study re-establishes the fact that HCWs carry Staphylococci in their nose in significantly high proportion. So different measures should be undertaken to minimise Staphylococci related nosocomial infections.
Kajian Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Buruh Binaan Asing Menjadi Pilihan Majikan
Authors: Hj Zainal Abidin Faizah
Published: June 2021

Pertumbuhan sektor pembinaan seperti pembinaan kemudahan infrastruktur, perumahan dan bangunan telah banyak memberi sumbangan kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Hasil daripada kerancakan pertumbuhan ini, keperluan terhadap guna tenaga di dalam memenuhi permintaan pembangunan menjadi semakin meningkat. Namun begitu, sektor pembinaan pada masa sekarang masih lagi bergantung kepada khidmat gunatenaga asing akibat kekurangan gunatenaga tempatan yang kurang berminat menyebabkan kehadiran buruh asing di tapak pembinaan boleh dikatakan sangat ketara. Malah, terdapat di sesetengah tapak pembinaan hampir 90 peratus daripada pekerjanya adalah buruh asing. Melihat kepada keadaan ini satu kajian telah dilakukan bagi mengkaji faktor-faktor penyebab buruh asing menjadi pilihan utama kontraktor berbanding dengan buruh tempatan. Kajian ini dibataskan kepada 21 buah syarikat kontraktor di negeri Pulau Pinang dan juga negeri Kedah bagi semua kelas iaitu kelas A hingga F. Data yang dikumpul melalui kaedah borang soal selidik dianalisis menggunakan perisian Microsoft Excel dan SPSS. Dapatan kajian mendapati 60.90 peratus daripada keseluruhan buruh di tapak bina adalah buruh asing. Manakala faktor-faktor buruh asing menjadi pilihan responden berbanding buruh tempatan adalah disebabkan faktor upah yang murah, kemahiran kerja yang tinggi, tahan lasak, sanggup bekerja lebih masa, disiplin kerja yang tinggi serta boleh bekerja di dalam kumpulan yang besar. Dapatan kajian terhadap ciri-ciri pilihan kontraktor dalam pemilihan buruh, bagi buruh asing ciri-ciri seperti upah yang rendah, pekerja lelaki berumur 18 tahun sehingga 40 tahun, ketahanan kerja, kerja lebih masa serta kemahiran yang tinggi menjadikan mereka sebagai pilihan utama responden berbanding dengan buruh tempatan.
Using Capital Budgeting Method to Solve Financial Problems in Natural Perfume Business: A Case Study from Adem Fresh
Authors: Rogiananto Didid , Sutardi Acip
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to solve financial problems that exist in Adem Fresh. Adem fresh is a business that provides natural products in the form of perfume, by using fermentation Adem Fresh can process fruits and vegetables into perfume seeds. Based on the analysis problems that have been carried out, the main problems for Adem Fresh are limited funds and resources. Therefore the use of capital budgeting and risk analysis is used to solve existing problems. Risk analysis is used to determine risk priorities and to reduce losses if such risks occur, while capital budgeting is used to assess whether the business is financially feasible or not. This research is structured using descriptive quantitative method, where in this study it does not prove a hypothesis but the researcher focuses on solving problems by describing solution based on existing data. The data taken in this study include financial data from Adem Fresh in 2020 and 2021, journals and books, expert opinions and also previous studies. With this research, it is hoped that it will have implications for the Adem Fresh business. First, the results of the feasibility analysis can be used as a consideration for owners regarding the Adem Fresh business. Second, with the existence of risk analysis, it can reduce the losses incurred because there is already a prepared mitigation and finally in this study an implementation plan is also prepared to answer the problems experienced by the Adem Fresh business.
Grappling with the learning modules: Experience of Public Elementary Pupils Attending English Written Modular Classes
Authors: Panganiban Gladys L. , Madrigal Dennis V.
Published: June 2021

Modular Distance Learning is one of the educational trends brought about by the pandemic. The recent use of this model of learning delivery has put teaching and learning into an adjustment period. This particular challenge has been the urgent imperative to have modular classes. It implies designing and organizing for better learning. English is the primary medium of instruction in education, and most of the modules written in the given language posing additional challenges and demands to school learners. Hence, this paper endeavors to investigate the lived experiences of the pupils in answering English-written modules through a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The participants of the study were eight Grade 6 pupils determined using the purposive sampling technique with some inclusion criteria.  Data were gathered through an in-depth interview and were analyzed using a recursive textual analysis aided by Lichtman’s 3c's: coding, categorizing, and conceptualizing. The study revealed that quality education in the locality during this time of pandemic is greatly affected by the delivery modality, the curriculum content and standards, educational equipment and resources, the competence of parents to give assistance, and the readiness of the learners to read and learn independently.
Quality Extended Use Case Point (QUCP): An Improved Cost Estimation Method﻿
Authors: Ba’abbad Ibrahim Mohammad , Qureshi M. Rizwan Jameel
Published: June 2021

The quality of a product is one of the major interests of the manufacturing process in all industries. The software industry imposes to construct a project with several phases to ensure producing high-quality software. A software development company estimates time, effort and cost of the project during planning phase. It is important to have accurate estimations to reduce the risks of project failure. Several cost estimation methods are practiced in the software development companies such as Function Point (FP), Use Case Points (UCP), Constructive Cost Model I and II and Story Points (SP). UCP cost estimation method is taken in this research to improve the accuracy of its estimation. UCP estimation depends on the use case diagram of the proposed system. A use case diagram describes the main functional requirements of the proposed system. UCP partially considers non-functional requirements through the technical and environmental factors. There is a lacking in the UCP method to consider the importance of quality attributes in the estimating process. This paper proposes an extended version of the existing UCP method named Quality Extended Use Case Point (QUCP) method in which quality attributes are included to improve the accuracy of cost estimation. A questionnaire is used to validate the proposed QUCP method. It is found after data analysis that seventy five percentages of the participants are agreed that the proposed method will not only help to improve the accuracy of cost estimation but it will also enable a software development company to deliver high-quality products.
Sampling stage and plant part sampled to determine micronutrient sufficiency in field and horticultural crops
Authors: GUPTA UMESH CHANDRA
Published: June 2021

Plant tissue testing requires the selection of the appropriate plant part at best stage of growth when it contains higher content of nutrients. The paper discusses the appropriate stage of growth and plant part to sample for a variety of crops. Micronutrient concentrations were consistently higher in leaves than in any other part of the plant. Leaf sheath in cereals and stems in dicots contained the least amount of nutrients. It is recommended that recently matured leaves in cereals and Brassica spp., young leaves in soybeans and potatoes, and entire plant tops at the 10% bloom stage for forage legumes be sampled to determine the micronutrient nutrient status of these crops.
PROVIDING A SCENARIO OF WASTAGE MITIGATION IN THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON KAIZEN THEORY IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OMAN
Authors: ALRAISI Ismail Bin Ali Bin Mohammed , SAMAH Rosni Bin , BAHARUM Azlan Bin Shaiful
Published: June 2021

his study aims to provide a scenario of waste mitigation in light of the Kaizen approach for Human Resources Development and Management Departments in the Ministry of Education (MOE)- Oman. It is also set to identify the manifestations and level of waste, from the point of view of the study sample, in these departments. In addition, it focuses on pointing out the differences in the level of waste in those relevant departments in accordance with gender, job level, academic qualification, years of experience, and department. This study proceeded, with the descriptive approach, to determine the manifestations and level of waste and used the scenario method to build the proposed scenario to reduce waste in light of the Kaizen approach to improve the organizational situation in these departments at MOE. The researcher has built an interview tool to form the proposed scenario and developed a questionnaire consisting of 30 items in three areas of waste, namely: Muda Mura and Muri. The questionnaire was utilized to spot the manifestations and level of waste, as well as the point of view of all directors and departments heads of the relevant departments regarding the impact of reducing waste in improving the organizational position of these departments. Moreover, 123 individuals were selected for the sample study. The study concluded that waste in Human Resources Development and Management Departments in the Ministry of Education was of a moderate degree. The results also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) in the waste level of these departments due to the social variable in the study topics as a whole. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between job titles levels in all topics of the study. The study concluded that a proposed scenario was developed to reduce waste in light of the Kaizen approach, including a number of requirements and components, for Human Resources Development and Management Departments in the Ministry of Education
THE STERILE TIME REVOLVES AROUND ITSELF IN THE CONTEMPORARY IRAQI NOVEL
Authors: ABD Shamim Radhi
Published: June 2021

In this research paper,I scanned time in the Iraqi novel and presented a brief analysis about the conception of the narrative time and its indications in the novel, in addition to the most crucial times that stormed the Iraqi novel. I found out that these texts of novels are connected with the reality of misery and deprivation during the events that occurred in Baghdad before and after the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. Thus, the vast reality appeared having multiple times and there is no certain Tim’s available to be the lonely scale that forms it’s personalities since past and present are the most controversial issues in the novel which are reflected in the form of it in particular the destiny of the most characters are not decided in the end of the novel
A STUDY OF TENSE SHIFT AS A RESOURCE FOR IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION
Authors: QAIWER Shatha N.
Published: June 2021

This study focuses on tense variation as linguistic features of narrative performance using Schiffrin’s (1981) theory of tense variation supported by Labov’s (1972) and Ochs and Cap’s (2001) frameworks of narrative structure. It shows that historical present also performs evaluative function and appears in restricted clauses in progressive aspect indicating the overlap on time between two actions. Shifts into narrative past tense also perform an evaluative function and appears in contexts narrating unexpected event within the complication. Generic and nominalising actions are used to express negative evaluation of an opponent based on an earlier premise. These findings can bring new insights into the way politicians construct arguments in self and other presentation since nominalising negative actions implies comparing the self to an external other. This is achieved in association with stance taking and evaluative commentaries provided by politicians as strategies of positive self and negative other presentation. The study provides a detailed analysis of the linguistic features stated earlier in relation to identity construction and self-presentation exemplifying the use of HP
MOVIMENTOS SOCIOESPACIAIS E SOCIOTERRITORIAIS DA AMÉRICA LATINA: UMA APRESENTAÇÃO DO DOSSIÊ DO I ENCONTRO LATINO-AMERICANO DE MOVIMENTOS SOCIOESPACIAIS E MOVIMENTOS SOCIOTERRITORIAIS (I ELAMSS) / The Socioterritorial and socioespatial movements of Latin America: a presentation of the dossier of the 1st Latin American Meeting of Sociospatial Movements and Socioterritorial Movements (I ELAMSS) / Movimientos socioterritoriales y socioespaciales de América Latina: una presentación del dossier del I Encuentro Latinoamericano de Movimientos Socioespaciales y Movimientos Socioterritoriales (I ELAMSS)
Authors: Arteaga Pertuz Marcia , Mançano Fernandes Bernardo
Published: June 2021

Este dossiê traz um registro histórico do I Encontro Latino-americano de Movimentos Socioespaciais e Movimentos Socioterritoriais (I ELAMSS). Além de apresentar alguns dos trabalhos apresentados no evento e os aprovados no processo seletivo do edital da Revista NERA, incluímos um breve histórico deste evento científico e da construção dos conceitos aqui estudados. Esta publicação possibilita ao leitor conhecer temas debatidos no I ELAMSS, sua história e os debates teóricos. Há mais de vinte anos os estudos sobre movimentos na geografia mudaram, com a construção de um método autônomo que criou conceitos originais e dialogou com os conceitos da sociologia, destacando as diferenças de análises com a geografia. A construção de um pensamento original tem sido a marca das pesquisadoras e dos pesquisadores que formam a REDE DATALUTA e a rede de pesquisa internacional que estudam as ações dos movimentos socioespaciais e socioterritoriais na América Latina e em outros continentes. Além das escadas local, nacional e internacional de estudos dos movimentos, também ampliamos os espaços e acompanhamos suas ações no campo, na cidade, na floresta e na água. E nestes espaços, trabalhamos com uma tipologia em movimento e uma temática que se faz durante a transformação das realidades. Como citar este artigo: PERTUZ, Marcia Arteaga; FERNANDES, Bernardo Mançano. Movimentos socioespaciais e socioterritoriais na América Latina. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 57, p. 09-23, Dossiê I ELAMSS, 2021.
Da água ao vinho: tornando-se classe média em Angola
Authors: Auerbach Jess
Published: June 2021

“Da água ao vinho” explora como Angola mudou desde o fim da guerra civil em 2002. Seu foco está na classe média – definida como aqueles com uma casa, um carro e uma educação – e seu consumo, aspirações e esperanças para suas famílias. Parte-se da pergunta “o que está funcionando em Angola?” em vez de “o que está errado?” e faz uma escolha deliberada e política de dar atenção à beleza e à felicidade na vida cotidiana em um país que teve uma história incomumente conturbada. Cada capítulo enfoca um dos cinco sentidos, com a introdução e a conclusão provocando uma reflexão sobre propriocepção (ou cinestesia) e curiosidade. Várias mídias são empregadas – poesia, receitas, fotos, quadrinhos e outros experimentos textuais – para envolver os leitores e seus sentidos. Escrito para um público amplo, este texto é um excelente complemento para o estudo da África, do mundo lusófono, do desenvolvimento internacional, da etnografia sensorial e da escrita etnográfica.