bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decades Changes in Prevalence of Disability and Comorbidities’Impact on Elderly with Diabetic in China: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Data
Authors: Liao Shaohong , Song Chunling
Published: March 2021

Background: In China, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing and the prevalence of disability in the elderly population is decreasing. However, few studies have analyzed the change of ADL or IADL disability and the influence of comorbidity in elderly patients with diabetes in China using national data. Methods: Based on data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018, this study not only explored the trend of Chinese elderly prevalence of diabetes and disability but using multivariate decomposition method analyzed the influence of comorbidity in patient’s disability with diabetes between 2008 and 2018. Results: The prevalence of diabetes among the elderly in China increased from 4.2 percent in 2008 to 13.5 percent in 2018, with a larger increase among women, and the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly was lower than that in the younger age group. For older adults with diabetes, the estimated likelihood of ADL having at least one difficulty decreased from 8.3 percent in 2008 to 6.3 percent in 2018. The proportion of women with diabetes with at least one difficulty in IADL increased and decreased in men. The decrease of underweight contributed the most to the decrease of ADL and IADL in men, accounting for 52.8% and 61.4%, respectively. The decrease in the proportion of somatic comorbidities, underweight, and negative emotions was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of having at least one difficulty in ADL in women with diabetes (14.8%, 23.8%, and 30.3%, respectively). Comorbidities had no significant effect on the increased probability of women having at least one difficulty with IADL. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of diabetes in older Chinese adults increased over time, the proportion of male and female adults with at least one difficulty in IADL decreased over time, except for a slight increase in the proportion of female adults in IADL. The proportion of underweight and negative emotion in diabetic patients showed a decreasing trend, which to a certain extent inhibited the negative impact of the increase in the prevalence of somatic comorbidities and elderly disability. The results of this study partially support the "dynamic equilibrium" hypothesis of diabetes incidence. Keywords: Comorbidities in diabetic, Disability, Multivariate decomposition method, Dynamic equilibrium
Vaspin Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting NLRP3-mediated Inflammation
Authors: Zhu Xianjie , Dai Shiyou , Xia Baohua , Gong Jianbao , Ma Bingzheng
Published: March 2021

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint bone disease characterized by cartilage degradation. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is associated with the inflammatory and metabolic responses to OA. However, the underlying mechanisms of the pathological process of OA are not clear. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects of vaspin both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced Wistar rat model of OA was used to assess the in vivo effects of vaspin administered for 12 weeks. The characteristics of OA were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin O/fast green staining. The anti-inflammatory effect of vaspin was assessed using immunohistochemical, qRT-PCR, and western blotting analysis. Parallel experiments to detect the molecular mechanism through which vaspin prevents OA were performed using LPS-treated chondrocytes.Results:Our results showed that the degeneration of cartilage and upregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13 were ameliorated by vaspin. Additionally, vaspin suppressed the activation of TXNIP/NLRP3 and secretion of tumor necrosis factor ɑ and interleukin-1β in vivo. It was further confirmed that vaspin could also suppress LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduce collagen formation in chondrocytes. Moreover, vaspin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing the ROS/TXNIP pathway.Conclusions: Vaspin inhibited OA by repressing TXNIP/NLRP3 activation in in vitro and in vivo models of OA, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy for OA.
Pathological Features of Lymph Nodes Around Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jiang Chunhui , Liu Ye , Xu Chunjie , Shen Yanying , Xu Qing , Lei Gu
Published: March 2021

Objective: To explore the pathological characteristics of lymph nodes around inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer, and to explore its risk factors and its impact on tumor staging.Methods: Cases of rectal cancer patients underwent proctectomy surgery were collected in this study. Clinical features of patients, including gender, age, BMI, tumor size, pathological type, differentiation, nerve invasion, lymph nodes, tumor marker and pathological examinations were analyzed.Results: A total of 485 cases were included in this study. There were 29 cases with IMA-LN metastasis, the metastasis rate was 5.98% (29/485). Positive IMA-LNs were associated with distance from anal verge, CEA, pathological type, differentiation, nerve invasion, T stage and N stage. Multivariate analysis showed that distance from anal verge, CEA level, differentiation, and T stage were independent risk factors for positive IMA-LNs.Conclusion: Distance from anal verge, CEA level, differentiation, and T stage were independent risk factors for positive IMA-LNs. No skip metastasis occurred in IMA-LNs. We should choose the appropriate surgical methods to achieve better oncological results and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.
Assessment of Transition Readiness in Adolescents with Rheumatic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kittivisuit Sirinthip , Lerkvaleekul Butsabong , Soponkanaporn Sirisucha , Ngamjanyaporn Pintip , Vilaiyuk Soamarat
Published: March 2021

Background: Most childhood-onset rheumatic diseases are chronic health conditions, which need long-term care throughout adulthood. A well-organized transition care is challenging and patient assessment of transition skills is needed for transfer preparation to adult care setting. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) is used to assess transition skills in chronically ill patients. Currently, limited transition skill assessment data exist in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases, especially in Asian countries. This study aimed to determine the transition readiness skills in patients with rheumatic diseases and ascertain predictive factors contributing to low transition readiness skills.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. All patients with rheumatic diseases aged 15-24 years were recruited. The TRAQ was cross-culturally adapted into the Thai language with good internal consistency and reliability. Patients completed the Thai TRAQ at the recent clinic visit and took the re-test at a 2-week interval. Demographic data, baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, and disease status were collected. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 123 patients with a mean age of 17.8 ± 2.2 years were included. Median (IQR) disease duration was 6.76 (6.05) years. The most common rheumatic disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (47.15%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (36.59%). The mean TRAQ score was 3.90 ± 0.68. Studying for a bachelor's degree (odds ratio [OR] 4.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–12.80) and independent clinic visits (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.35–12.22) were predictors of a higher TRAQ score. Lack of knowledge on health insurance coverage and financial management were two issues causing lower TRAQ scores. Furthermore, patients with inactive disease status (OR 5.60, 95% CI 1.20–26.14) and patients, who had dependent clinic visits (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.60–10.67), had more opportunities of getting lower TRAQ scores.Conclusions: Patients with a higher level of education had a higher chance of successfully transitioning to adult care, whereas patients, who had inactive disease and dependent clinic visits, had less transition readiness skills. Physicians and parents should educate their children on independent living skills and paying particular attention to two issues: health insurance coverage and financial management.
Understanding International Agenda using Media Analytics: The case of Disaster News Coverage in Indonesia
Authors: Aritenang Adiwan
Published: March 2021

Recently, the flow of data has increased rapidly in terms of volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and value (5Vs). One of the potential sources of data is the worldwide news provided by the Global Data on Event Location and Tone (GDELT) project that reports events. The large database on global events allow the platform as a source for big data analysis that potentially signify our understanding on the extent of event reports. This paper questions the inter-news coverage between foreign and domestic media on the earthquake and tsunami in Palu and Donggala. The paper conducts two main analysis; first, exploratory of news reported from selected countries with highest size of aid (USA, Australia, Europe and Japan) and vice versa, Indonesia news on the respective countries aid activities. Second, media linkages are captured using visualization with statistical graph and spatial flow of news. The paper found that the dynamic of news broadcast on disaster are varied between countries and its coverage fluctuated in all countries. The paper contributes to presence of newsworthiness on disaster news coverage, and consequently lack of coverage on disaster meaning and mitigation plans.
Salicylic Acid Signals Recruit the Rhizosphere Microbiome Cooperate Resistance to Watermelon Fusarium Wilt
Authors: zhu feiying , FANG YONG , Wang Zhiwei , CHEN XI , Luo Zhengliang , Xiao Langtao , Wang Ruozhong
Published: March 2021

Aims: In order to find out the mechanism of how salicylic acid signal recruit soil microorganisms to explain their cooperate resistance to Fusarium wilt disease in watermelon plants. Methods: In this experiment, we have examined the soil microbial diversity at three different sampling times after salicylic acid application by metagenomic using Illumina Novaseq6000 platform. Results: The results showed that the incidence of Watermelon Fusarium Wilt was significantly lower than control group after SA application. Notably, our results indicated that the application of salicylic acid recruit soil microbial communities in watermelon plants. Furthermore, the soil microbial metabolic pathway and microbial function were significantly different after SA treatment which is beneficial to the antagonism of plants against pathogens. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggested that the induced resistant observed in watermelon against Fusarium wilt might be a case of cooperate resistance dependent on salicylic acid signals to recruit soil microorganisms.
Dapagliflozin: a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, Attenuates Angiotensin II-induced Cardiac Fibrotic Remodeling by Regulating TGFβ1/ Smad Signaling
Authors: Zhang Yuze , Lin Xiaoyan , Chu Yong , Chen Xiaoming , Du Heng , Zhang Hailin , Xu Changsheng , Xie Hong , Ruan Qinyun , Lin Jinxiu , Liu Jie , Zeng Jinzhang , Ma Ke , Chai Dajun
Published: March 2021

Background:Cardiac remodeling is one of the major risk factors for heart failure. In patients with type 2 diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of the first hospitalization for heart failure, possibly through glucose-independent mechanisms, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the efficacy of dapagliflozin in reducing cardiac remodeling and potential mechanisms.Methods:Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, induced by chronic infusion of Angiotensin II (Ang II) at a dose of 520 ng/kg per minute for 4 weeks with ALZET® mini-osmotic pumps, were treated with either SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with Ang II with or without the indicated concentration of DAPA. The protein levels of collagen and TGF-β1/Smad signaling were measured along with body weight, and blood biochemical indexes.Results:DAPA treatment resulted in the amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction in Ang II-infused SD rats without affecting blood glucose and blood pressure. Myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and increased collagen synthesis caused by Ang II infusion were significantly inhibited by DAPA treatment. In vitro, DAPA inhibit the Ang II-induced collagen production of CFs. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from chronic Ang II-infused rats revealed that DAPA inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling.Conclusion:DAPA ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling in a glucose-independent manner. DAPA may serve as a novel therapy for pathological cardiac remodeling.
Discharge from the Emergency Department and Early Hospital Revaluation in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: an Observational Study
Authors: Mattioli Massimo , Benfaremo Devis , Fulgenzi Francesca , Gennarini Silvia , Mucci Luciano , Lambertini Margherita , Padiglione Francesca , Brugnera Ramona , Gabrielli Barbara , Giorgino Flavia , Capalbo Maria , Berselli Edoardo , Moroncini Gianluca , Frausini Gabriele , Gnudi Umberto
Published: March 2021

Background Health National Systems world-wide are facing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. We purpose an outpatient management for patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia at risk of progression, after discharge from Emergency Department (ED).Methods This was a single-center prospective observational study. We enrolled patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, without hypoxemic respiratory failure, and at least one of the following: age ≥ 65 or presence of one or more comorbidities or pneumonia involvement > 25% on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The ambulatorial visit was performed after at least 48 hours, then patients could be discharged, admitted for hospitalization, or deferred for a further visit. As a control, we evaluated a historical cohort of patients hospitalized with comparable clinical and radiological features.Results A total of 84 patients were enrolled (51 M, mean age 62.8 y). Two-thirds of patients had at least one comorbidity and 41.6% had a lung involvement > 25% at HRCT; the mean duration of symptoms was 8 ± 3 days and the mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio 357.5 ± 38.6. At the end of the follow-up period, 69 patients had been discharged and 15 hospitalized (mean stay 6 days). Older age and higher NEWS2 were significant predictors of hospitalization at the first follow-up visit. One hospitalized patient died of septic shock. In the control group, the mean hospital stay was 8 days.Conclusions Adopting a “discharge and early revaluation” strategy appear to be safe and feasible. This approach may help to optimize hospital resources during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Time-dependent Plume Front Positioning and Its Dynamics Coupled With Seasonal River Efflux
Authors: Seena G. , Muraleedharan K. R. , Revichandran C. , Azeez S. Abdul , John Sebin , Nair Ravikumar C.
Published: March 2021

The time-dependent plume front fluctuation concerning different tidal phases and its dynamics coupled with seasonal river efflux in the shelf off Kochi, south west coast of India, were investigated using Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). The region is linked with a monsoonal estuary, featured by mixed semi-diurnal tide (1 m) and exhibited a highly complicated plume pattern. The rivalry between river efflux with tidal phases create plume fronts in the shelf, whose gradients fortified or weakened by mixing dynamics. Eventhough the incessant river efflux in the summer monsoon impart significant momentum in the shelf, the range of frontal fluctuation was curtailed to 2 km by strong monsoon currents. During transient phase of the season (fall inter-monsoon), the tidal forcings on plume positioning overwhelm the shelf currents, such that the plume front fluctuate between 6-17 km (range increased to ~11 km) from the inlet. In low tides, the region near to the inlets was almost homogenized (Rd<1). While, it gets more stratified in high tides due to the transport of high saline ambient water towards the inlet and also by the decreasing kinetic energy (Rd>1). The location of frontal zones suitable for the propagation of nonlinear waves (F≤1)will change in respect to the competition between river efflux and tide-topography interaction. The strong stratified plume front regions with increased Brunt Vaisala Frequency (BVF) in summer monsoon behave as active zones of non linear wave propagation only when the plume front decelerates from supercritical to subcritical. During dry season, the F≤1 was satisfied at limited locations, but the absence of BVFmax zone (frequency >0.3 s-1) revealed that the amplitude of such nonlinear waves would be considerably small. The study divulge that tidally pulsating plume front fluctuates between 3-18 km from inlet and also highlights that the propagation of nonlinear waves with considerable amplitude will depend on both the plume front velocity and the Brunt Vaisala Frequency of the water column.
A multi-enzyme cascade for efficient production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine from L-tyrosine
Authors: Tan Xu , Zhang Sheng , Song Wei , Liu Jia , Gao Cong , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming , Wu Jing
Published: March 2021

In this study, we designed and in vivo reconstructed a novel four-enzyme cascade pathway for the production of D-HPG, a valuable intermediate used to produce β-lactam antibiotics and for fine-chemical synthesis, from L-tyrosine. In this pathway, we identified catalytic conversion of the substrate 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid by meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgDAPDH) as the rate-limiting step, followed by application of a mechanism-guided “conformation rotation” strategy to decrease the hydride-transfer distance d(C6HDAP−C4NNADP) and increase CgDAPDH activity. Introduction of the best variant generated by protein engineering (CgDAPDHBC621/D120S/W144S/I169P with 5.32 ± 0.85 U·mg− 1 specific activity) into the designed pathway resulted in a D-HPG titer of 42.69 g/L from 50 g/L L-tyrosine in 24 h with 92.5% conversion and > 99% ee in a 3-L fermenter, representing the highest reported D-HPG titer to date. This four-enzyme cascade provides a novel and effective enzymatic approach to industrial production of D-HPG from cheap amino acids.
Scenarios of sustainable irrigation expansion in the 21st century
Authors: Maanen Nicole van , Andrijevic Marina , Rosa Lorenzo , Lejeune Quentin , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich
Published: March 2021

Irrigation expansion onto rainfed croplands is an important part of the portfolio of agricultural measures, contributing to a more resilient crop production while enhancing agricultural yields. Existing global assessments of irrigation illustrate the biophysical potential, but generally do not account for socioeconomic and environmental constraints to irrigation deployment. Here we provide scenarios of regionalized sustainable irrigation expansion linked to socioeconomic projections from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways framework, while accounting for biophysical irrigation limits. Under a Sustainability scenario, we find that sustainable irrigation could feed 2 billion people globally by 2100. With an additional 90 million people, sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest percentage increase in people fed via sustainable irrigation deployment. However, even under the most optimistic scenarios only half of the theoretically possible global biophysical irrigation potential would be utilized after accounting for socioeconomic constraints. Our results highlight the need for appropriate representation of socioeconomic factors in scenarios of future irrigation deployment.
Responses of Soil C-, N-, and P-Hydrolyzing Enzyme Activities to N and P Addition in an Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Shixing , Tie Liehua , Wei Shengzhao , Hu Junxi , Liu Xiong , Yang Shuai , Yang Yudie , Xiao Lin , Cui Xinglei , Lai Jiaming , Zhao Anjiu , Huang Congde
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims

Human activities-mediated input of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to ecosystem may significantly affect soil hydrolyzing enzyme activities (Hy-EAs). However, the mechanisms underlying the responses of soil Hy-EAs to change in N and P availability remains unclear.
Methods

Here, a two-year field N and P addition experiment was conducted in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to elucidate the effects of N addition, P addition, and NP co-additions on soil Hy-EAs and biochemistry properties.
Results

The invertase, cellulase, and acid phosphatase activities were increased in N treatment but reduced in P treatment. The urease activity was reduced in N treatment but did not alter in P treatment. NP treatment significantly increased the invertase and cellulase activities. Furthermore, the cellulase activity was positively correlated with soil organic carbon concentration. The acid phosphatase activity was negatively correlated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total P, and available P concentrations. Whereas the urease activity was not strongly dependent on total N concentrations, but positively correlated with soil pH and MBC. These Hy-EAs were significantly correlated with C-to-P and N-to-P ratios, while no significantly correlation with C-to-N ratio.
Conclusions

Overall, our results indicated that N and P addition significantly affected the soil C-, N-, and P-hydrolyzing enzyme activities. With ongoing imbalanced N and P input in our studied subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, N addition may exacerbate the limitation of soil C and P availability, while the exogenous P addition may improve the soil C and P availability.
Taxifolin alleviates FCA-induced arthritis via regulating the Th1/Th2 balance, and down-regulates NLRP3 inflammasome axis activation in Jurkat T cells
Authors: Zhang Xingyan , Li Huling , Wang Ze , Zhao Wenjing , Li Xin , Zhou Fujun , Zhou Yutong , Wang Yuling , Liu Changxiao
Published: March 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease mediated by T cells. In traditional Chinese medicine, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma is commonly used to treat deoxidation, dampness and ease joint movement. One of its active components, a flavonoid called taxifolin, has been the focus of several studies in recent years. However, the pharmacological action of taxifolin in the development of RA remains unknown. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of taxifolin on Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis model, and then verified the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms of taxifolin on activated Jurkat T cells. Taxifolin ameliorated the physical signs including paw volume (PV), arthritis index (AI) and body weight (BW) and reduced the organ coefficients (spleen and thymus) in FCA-induced rats, as well as the inflammatory responses in the left hind paw and plasma. The results also showed that taxifolin greatly improved the imbalance of T helper (Th)1/Th2 status in the plasma and spleen. Further, the Th1/Th2 imbalance status and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the activated Jurkat T cells was inhibited significantly by taxifolin. In conclusion, these results suggested that taxifolin potentially targeted the Th1/Th2 status and NLRP3 inflammasome axis in T cells, contributing valuable insights to elucidating the mechanism of action of taxifolin for future studies on RA therapeutics.
A comparison of different Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning methods for Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping in the Upper Narmada Basin
Authors: Raikwar Vinay , Pagare Pramod , Abdulwahab Aminu , Agone Vikram , Patel Priyank Pravin
Published: March 2021

Gully erosion (GE) is one of the most important mechanisms of soil loss worldwide. In this study, various machine learning techniques such as Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), have been used to ascertain gully erosion susceptibility (GES) in the Upper Narmada Basin (UNB). The mapping and analysis was achieved using R programming and ArcGIS 10.8 software. Initially, a gully inventory map (GIM) of 1501 gully locations was prepared from Sentinel-2 and Google Earth images and extensive field surveys. Out of the 1501 gullies in the study area, 1051 gully locations (about 70%) were used for training and 450 gully locations (about 30%) were used for validating the models. For GES modeling, 12 gully conditioning factors (GCFs) were used and the relationships between these GCFs and gully erosion were evaluated. The GES maps were prepared using the CART, RF and ANN models and divided into three susceptibility-based classes: low, moderately and highly susceptible GE classes. A large part of the study area was found to be highly susceptible to GE. Subsequent validation tests proved the high efficacy of these models in ascertaining the GES. The RF model was found to perform best compared to the others in this respect with an AUC-ROC value of 0.78. This model can therefore be used not only in the UNB but in other such areas to evaluate the GES zones and thereby aid in framing suitable measures to mitigate soil loss through gully erosion.
Complement Protein C3 Loss leads to Locomotor Deficits and Altered Cerebellar Internal Granule Cell In Vitro Synaptic Protein Expression in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Bonasera Stephen J. , DeKorver Nicholas W. , Chaudoin Tammy R. , Zhao Gang , Wang Dong , Arikkath Jyothi
Published: March 2021

Complement 3 (C3) expression is increased in the cerebellum of aging mice that demonstrate locomotor impairments and increased excitatory synapse density. However, C3 regulation of locomotion, as well as C3 roles in excitatory synapse function, remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that constitutive loss of C3 function in mice evokes a locomotor phenotype characterized by decreased speed, increased active state locomotor probability, and gait ataxia. C3 loss does not alter metabolism or body mass composition. No evidence of significant muscle weakness or degenerative arthritis was found in C3 knockout mice to explain decreased gait speeds. In an enriched primary cerebellar granule cell culture model, loss of C3 protein results in increased excitatory synaptic density and increased response to KCl depolarization. Our analysis of excitatory synaptic density in the cerebellar internal granule cell and molecular layers did not demonstrate increased synaptic density in vivo, suggesting the presence of compensatory mechanisms regulating synaptic development. Functional deficits in C3 knockout mice are therefore more likely to result from altered synaptic function and/or connectivity than gross synaptic deficits. Our data demonstrate a novel role for complement proteins in regulation of locomotor function and proper organization of cerebellar neuronal networks.
The challenges of integrating signposting into general practice: qualitative stakeholder perspectives on care navigation and social prescribing in primary care
Authors: Brunton Lisa , Tazzyman Abigail , Ferguson Jane , Hodgson Damian , Nelson Pauline A
Published: March 2021

Background
A national policy focus in England to address general practice workforce issues has led to a commitment to employ significant numbers of non-GP roles to redistribute workload. This paper focuses on two such roles: the care navigation (CN) and social prescribing link worker (SPLW) roles, which both aim to introduce ‘active signposting’ into primary care, to direct patients to the right professional/services at the right time and free up GP time. There is a lack of research exploring staff views of how these roles are being planned and operationalised into general practice and how signposting is being integrated into primary care.
Methods
The design uses in-depth qualitative methods to explore a wide range of stakeholder staff views. We generated a purposive sample of 34 respondents who took part in 17 semi-structured interviews and one focus group (service leads, role holders and host general practice staff). We analysed data using a Template Analysis approach.
Results
Three key themes highlight the challenges of operationalising signposting into general practice: 1) Role perception – signposting was made challenging by the way both roles were perceived by others (e.g. among the public, patients and general practice staff) and highlighted inherent tensions in the expressed aims of the policy of active signposting.; 2) Role preparedness – a lack of training meant that some receptionist staff felt unprepared to take on the CN role as expected and raised patient safety issues; for SPLW staff, training affected the consistency of service offer across an area; 3) Integration and co-ordination of roles – a lack of planning and co-ordination across components of the health and care system challenged the success of integrating signposting into general practice.
Conclusions
This study provides new insights from staff stakeholder perspectives into the challenges of integrating signposting into general practice, and highlights key factors affecting the success of signposting in practice. Clarity of role purpose and remit (including resolving tensions inherent the dual aims of ‘active signposting’), appropriate training and skill development for role holders and adequate communication and engagement between stakeholders/partnership working across services, are required to enable successful integration of signposting into general practice.
An Assimilation Simulation Approach to Suspended Sediment Concentration in Inland Lakes Using Hybrid Perturbation Generation Method
Authors: Guo Fei , Zhang Jingjia , Zhu A-xing , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2021

Suspended sediments, as one of the most important factors affecting the water environment of inland lakes, are closely related to the various pollutants migration and interaction. Thus, the simulation and prediction of suspended sediment concentration is important. Existing studies show that the prediction accuracy of suspended sediment concentration can be effective predicted based on assimilation methods coupled with hydrodynamic models. However, in the process of assimilation of hydrological simulation, the existing perturbation generation methods consider that the perturbation error is a random Gaussian distribution, which does not consider the spatial variation characteristics of errors. In this paper, a new method to generate the perturbation field for assimilation simulation was proposed. This method uses hybrid error to generate perturbation field for assimilation simulation instead of using random error. The proposed approach was validated through its application to assimilation simulation of suspended sediment concentration of Taihu Lake in China, and five assimilation experiments was conducted. The proposed method was compared with existing methods for perturbation field generation. After three days and 72 time steps of assimilation simulation based on hybrid perturbation generation, we found that the proposed assimilation method provided results that were more consistent with buoy-measured data. The accuracy of the two assimilation methods based on hybrid perturbation is improved. Compared with the assimilation method based on random perturbation, the mean values of RMSE(root mean square error) decreased from 9.56 to 8.70 and from 9.55 to 8.68, respectively. The results show that the proposed hybrid perturbation generation method has higher simulation accuracy than other methods. This study shows that the method is effective and provides a new idea for the assimilation simulation of suspended sediment concentration in inland lakes.
Patient Perspectives on the Causes of Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study on the Relationship Between Stress, Trauma, and Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Niebauer Erica , Fry Nina , Auster-Gussman Lisa A.
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesWe qualitatively evaluated breast cancer survivors’ perception of the relation between breastcancer development and both childhood trauma and stressful life events in adulthood.MethodsWomen (N = 50) who have or had a positive breast cancer diagnosis completed a close-endedsurvey, a timeline of significant life events, and an in-depth interview. All interviews weretranscribed and inductively coded using thematic analysis with an emphasis on patientperspectives of illness.ResultsParticipants reported a perceived connection between breast cancer development and stressfullife events, and five themes were identified: 1) major interpersonal conflict in both childhood andadulthood, 2) patterns of stressful life events in childhood and adulthood, 3) ideas about whybreast cancer developed, 4) relation between emotional stress and physical disease, 5) posttraumaticgrowth and meaning-making.ConclusionOur findings suggest the need for future research evaluating the long-term sequelae of stress andchildhood trauma in breast cancer development.
SARS-CoV-2 evasion from ADAR hyper-editing is both genome-encoded and sustained by the virus replication strategy
Authors: Bortoletto Enrico , Venier Paola , Shapiro Maxwell , Leonardi Andrea , Rosani Umberto
Published: March 2021

We evaluated the role of ADAR during in-vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection, identifying ADAR-mediated hyper-editing only in 49 RNA-seq samples at a low level. Hyper-editing of host dsRNAs appeared not influenced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and showed higher efficiency compared to viral editing. Conversely, in mouse samples we found abundant hyper-editing with similar efficiency between host and SARS-CoV-2 RNAs. Underrepresentation of dinucleotide motifs along coronavirus ORFs suggested that SARS-CoV-2 resistance to ADAR hyper-editing is both evolutionary-encoded and sustained by viral replication strategy.
The Situation of Institutional Care: Reflections and Lived Experiences of Inmates in Child Care Centers of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Liranso Amarech , Zewude Bewunetu
Published: March 2021

Institutionalization has a negative impact on children’s psychological adjustment. The absence of proper care for a staggering number of children devoid of parental care has been recognized as a severe problem requiring comprehensive and urgent intervention. The purpose of this research was to examine children’s living experiences in care institutions in Ethiopia. Qualitative research approach was used in which data were collected using in-depth interview, observation, key informant interviews, and focus group discussion methods. Data were tape-recorded, transcribed, manually organized after searching themes within the data. The results of the study show that inmates consider the basic needs fulfilled by the institution as better than they received in the family of origin. It was also found that the institution has problems in terms of fulfilling the emotional and psychological needs of the children. Furthermore, research participants experience feelings of loneliness and being neglected in the institution. In addition, difficulties of establishing relationship were also found. Above all, the institution lacks the experience of reintegrating the children to their families of origin. Whereas institutional care is found to be better in terms of fulfilling the basic needs of the children, it has problems when it comes to fulfilling the emotional and psycho-social needs of the children hosted. Therefore, the personnel of the institution should take trainings to improve the level of emotional attachment they should maintain with the children. Moreover, the institution should have a clear long-term strategic plan about how to admit the children, how to care for them, and finally how to reintegrate them to their families of origin.
A new approach in comparison and evaluation of the overall accuracy of six soil-water retention models using statistical benchmarks and fuzzy method
Authors: Nakhaei Mohammad , Tafreshi Amin Mohebbi , Tafreshi Ghazaleh Mohebbi
Published: March 2021

In this research, six samples of valid and widely soil-water retention curve (SWRC) estimation models, including van Genuchten, Brooks and Corey, Fredlund and Xing, Durner, Kosugi, and Seki were studied. To realize this approach, in the first step, the accuracy of each model was calculated using ten statistical benchmarks, and then the numbers obtained from the fitting accuracy were standardized based on each benchmark by the standard fuzzy method so that all of them had a similar scale. Finally, with the sum of the fuzzy standardized values, an index for each model was obtained as a new index called the Best-Fit Model (BFM) index, which was the basis for comparing and evaluating the overall accuracy of the models in each soil texture. Accordingly, if the BMF index is more extensive and closer to 10, the model is more fitted and gets a higher rating. The superiority of this method to other similar studies is that here, as in the multi-criteria evaluation methods, it can simultaneously assess in terms of different statistical benchmarks and ranking the models according to the diversity in the reaction of each to various benchmarks provided. The results showed that Brooks and Corey model with the lowest and the Durner model with the highest BMF and rank among other models in most soil textures are considered as the weakest and as the most suitable model from the overall accuracy viewpoint of fitting based on the approach used throughout this study, respectively.
Neue Mobilitätsformen im öffentlichen Raum
Authors: Zumsteg Patrice Martin
Published: March 2021

Elektro-Trottinetts und andere Fahrzeuge, welche ohne fixe Station gemietet werden können, beanspruchen zunehmend ihren Platz im öffentlichen Raum. Dieses Phänomen wird hier aus Sicht des öffentlichen Rechts eingeordnet und die entsprechenden Folgen werden dargestellt. Dazu ruft der Beitrag zunächst in Erinnerung, wie der öffentliche Raum und seine Benutzung rechtlich verstanden werden, bevor die neuen Mobilitätsformen vertieft dargestellt werden. Die anschliessende Einordnung führt zur Erkenntnis, dass es rechtlich folgerichtig ist, wenn der Staat bei dieser Nutzung des öffentlichen Raums grundsätzlich nicht beteiligt ist. Wird trotzdem eine Regulierung erlassen, so hat sie den Anforderungen an einen Eingriff in die Wirtschaftsfreiheit zu genügen und das Störerprinzip zu beachten. In dieser Hinsicht weist das Recht der Stadt Zürich, welches beispielhaft betrachtet wird, Verbesserungspotenzial auf.
Linguoemotive modelling of epigraphs in the postmodern text by John Fowles (on material of the novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman)
Authors: Storchak Maria
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the problem of the design of the linguoemotive model of the epigraphs of a postmodern text. The research object is a postmodern text, the research subject is the linguoemotive models of epigraphs in modern English literary discourse. The material of the research is the postmodern novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman by John Fowles. The research methodology is based on the anthropocentric paradigm in the framework of communicative linguistics. Modelling is a process of the design and application of models. The aim of text modelling is to analyse and describe transfer, perception and interpretation of texts and situations verbally and non-verbally. Linguoemotive modelling of a postmodern text can be characterized as fragmented, incomplete, having different levels of generalization and interpretation. A situational emotive component that is presented linguistically enhances the sense of a text. The specificity of the novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman by John Fowles consists in emotively loaded epigraphs. Interaction of a text and a situation on the basis of emotion-modified propositions reflects the author’s idiostyle.
Psychological basis of the image of a dead lover in mythology of transcarpatia and P. Kulish’s story about, why the Peshevtsov pond was dried up in the town of Voronezh
Authors: Tykhovska Oksana
Published: March 2021

In Ukrainian mythology as in world mythology, there is an idea of the possibility of a love relationship between a human and a demonic creature – a dead lover or a devil. Thus, F. Potushnyak’s article Dead Love in Folk Beliefs (1944) is devoted to this theme.
Folk beliefs about demonic lovers precondition the relationship between them and a human, and methods of their overcoming are examined in this article. In the short story About, why the Peshevtsov pond was dried up in the town of Voronezh (1839) written by P. Kulish, we can find a very interesting interpretation of folk beliefs when a dead husband visits his wife. The writer modeled the tragic story of the woman, whose husband disappeared, with the help of folk mythological stories. And because of her deep regret, she became a victim of a demon who appeared in the image of her beloved husband. In the article, the psychological basis of the appearance of visions, in which the main figure is a dead object of love, is analyzed. Through the prism of Jung’s theory, the image of a dead lover is considered as a personification of one of the archetypes of the collective unconscious (Animus, its negative aspect). Destructive display of this image has the same psychological basis both in mythological legends and in P. Kulish’s short story About, why the Peshevtsov pond was dried up in the town of Voronezh. The woman’s consciousness refuses to take the reality as it is and creates an alternative variant for herself – the dead lover comes to her at night (when unconscious dominates – our wishes, fears, etc. are implemented in night dreams). The line between conscious and unconscious life is erased and the woman becomes a hostage of her own fantasy, which removes pain of loss and gives hope to renew the lost emotional and spiritual balance for a moment. Folk stories in the spirit of Christian morality contain “recipes” of fighting a dead lover. However, mostly these rituals cannot help the woman, who is obsessed with love to her dead lover as it happened in P. Kulish’s story.
Critical reception of existential prose of the interwar decades in Ukrainian literary criticism
Authors: Devdiuk Ivanna
Published: March 2021

The article deals with peculiarities of critical expierence of existential problems in the interwar Ukrainian prose works. The topicality of the article is caused by the lack of special studies on this problem. Its purpose is to determine the evolution and stages of the scientific-critical reception of existential discourse in the Ukrainian writing of the named period. In the course of the analysis it has been revealed that the first positive reviews, which emphasize the intellectual and psychological dominant of the works, date back to the twentieth years marked by the relative freedom of self-expression. From the 1930s to the end of the 1980s the works of modernist writers almost completely disappear from the scientific and reading space. In this paper it is emphasized a situation in a totalitarian society where criticism, serving the dominant ideology, acquires the characteristics of a political structure. Ignoring the fact of the functioning of modernism in Ukrainian culture meant a simultaneous turning away from the manifestations of artistic representation of individual existence. Artificially interrupted process has been compensated by literary studies of the representatives of Ukrainian diaspora which underline a high level of prose works by M. Khvylovy, V. Pidmohylny, V. Domontovych etc., their congeniality with European writing. The third stage dates back to the nineties and continues to this day. It is marked by the study of Ukrainian literature from the point of view of the latest methodologies. One of the research areas is reading texts in the projection of the philosophy of existence. The analysis of critical works proves the notable progress of our scholars towards the comprehension of existentiality as a historically and culturally determined phenomenon in the Ukrainian art space. Existential discourse is unanimously regarded as an organic component of modernist processes, marked by the shift of attention from the external reality to the internal life. of The literary critics active search has resulted both in the diversity of the scientific and methodological spectrum of research and the broadening of the visions of the artistic and aesthetic context in which this discourse operates.
PERFORMANCE AND TEXT (BASED UPON THE MATERIALS FROM ONLINE ARCHIVE ‘ODESSA ART IN 1980-S’)
Authors: Gladun Daryna
Published: March 2021

The article studies the role of the text in performances conducted during 1980s in Odessa by the participants of so-called ‘Odessa school’ Serhiy Anufriyev, Leonid Voytsekhov, Yuriy Leyderman, Svitlana Martynchyk, Volodymyr Naumets, Alexander Petrelli, Oleh Petrenko, Liydmyla Skrypkina, Ihor Styopin, Ihor Tshatskin (solo or as participants of art groups ‘IU’, ‘Martynchyky’, ‘Pertsi’.
Following research discovers, systematizes, and analyzes materials of online archive ‘Odessa Art of 1980s’ created in 2000 by Odessa Centre of Contemporary Art in collaboration with Institute of Contemporary Art.
The article, therefore, overviews over twenty individual and collective pieces of Performance Art, in particular: ‘Cross-Zero’ (1982), ‘Russian Idyll ’ (1982), ‘Pacifist Demonstration’ (1983), ‘Leaning Against Pillar’ (1983), «[Among Other Things]» (1983), ‘I Admire Friends’ (1983), ‘David’s Shield’ (1983), «Basin» (dedicated to ‘Muhomory’) (1984), ‘This Secret Word’ (1984), ‘Flag Killing Methods’ (1985), ‘There I Were a Man’ (1985), ‘To Hit a Wall and a Black Wife’ (1987), ‘Like a Shot’ (1987), ‘The Most Precious’ (1987), ‘Exploration of Art Deposits’ (1987), ‘Vasia Was Here’ (1987) etc. as well as performance-exhibition ‘Relatives’ (1983). The attribution and description of all studied pieces of Performance Art is based exclusively on the data gained from the online archive (even though some of the data are controversial). The performances mentioned in the archive are catalogized. The main challenges of the archive-based research in performance studies are underlined.