bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reassignment of Improbable Natural Products Identified through Chemical Principle Screening
Authors: Elyashberg Mikhail , Novitskiy Ivan M. , Bates Roderick W. , Kutateladze Andrei G. , Williams Craig M.
Published: July 2022

Natural products continue to be reported at an astonishing rate from a wide range of multidisciplinary research activities in the pursuit of understanding the chemistry of biodiversity. However, the elucidation of chemical structure in the modern era is heavily reliant on the analysis and interpretation of multiple spectroscopic outputs, and in most cases this activity is by no means trivial. Structural errors continue to be described given the inherent complexity of natural products. Computer‐Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) continues to provide improved resolving power in this regard, but for enhanced accuracy quantum chemical spectrum prediction methodology is paramount. Reported herein are a range of counterfactual natural products, identified through chemical principal screening, which have been reassigned using a combination of chemical intuition, chemical synthesis, CASE and DU8+ spectrum prediction.
Synthesis of Benzothiazole‐ and Benzoxazole‐2‐carboxamides by 2‐Chloracetamides and 2‐Amino(thio)phenols Cyclocondensation with Elemental Sulfur in Water
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail A. , Bolshakov Konstantin M. , Kolotyrkina Natalia G. , Zavarzin Igor V.
Published: July 2022

New straightforward synthesis of benzothiazole‐2‐carboxamides and benzoxazole‐2‐carboxamides from 2‐chloracetamides, 2‐amino(thio)phenols and elemental sulfur has been developed. Main advantage of this protocol is the utilization of water as reaction media, which lead to simple reaction procedure. Also this process is distinguished by good tolerance toward different functional groups. Yields of products is up to 99 %.
C−S Cross‐Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Well‐Defined Copper and Nickel Complexes
Authors: Rufino‐Felipe Ernesto , Valdés Hugo , Morales‐Morales David
Published: July 2022

This review presents well‐defined copper and nickel complexes that have been used in the formation of C−S bonds. The use of Cu or Ni catalysts represent an advantage in comparison with those based on precious metals such as Pd, by being two of the most abundant metals in the earth's crust and thus cheaper. As can be expected the catalytic activity of the different Cu and Ni complexes is strongly dependent on the nature of the ligands used. Thus, multidentate and strong electron‐donating ligands are of common use to design highly active species since such ligands are capable to stabilize species in high oxidation states which are key intermediates in the reaction mechanisms of these processes. This being particular true in the case of copper, where Cu(III) produces unstable and reactive species that require an “extra stabilization” during the reaction mechanism. Hence, the reaction mechanisms using copper and nickel complexes as catalysts are also discussed in this paper, including the role of the different ligands during the catalytic processes. Although there is an increasing number of reports on C−S cross coupling reactions, due to the relevance of this transformation, they are often difficult to reproduce and not of general use since the actual catalytic species are not identified. Thus, we hope that this report will help to promote the search and synthesis of new ligands for the design of more active well‐defined complexes that can be used as catalysts in a more rational manner in the formation of valuable C−S bond‐containing species.
Communicating with children about ‘everyday’ pain and injury: A Delphi study
Authors: Wallwork Sarah B. , Noel Melanie , Moseley G. Lorimer
Published: July 2022

Background

‘Everyday’ pain experiences are potentially critical in shaping our beliefs and behaviours around injury and pain. Influenced by social, cultural and environmental contexts, they form the foundation of one's understanding of pain and injury that is taken into adulthood. How to best communicate to young children about their everyday pain experiences, in order to foster adaptive beliefs and behaviours, is unknown.

Methods

In this Delphi survey, we sought expert opinion on the key messages and strategies that parents/caregivers can consider when communicating with young children (aged 2–7 years) about ‘everyday’ pain that is most likely to promote recovery, resilience and adaptive pain behaviours. Eighteen experts participated including specialists in paediatric pain, trauma, child development and psychology; educators and parents. The survey included three rounds.

Results

Response rate was over 88%. Two hundred fifty‐three items were raised; 187 reached ‘consensus’ (≥80% agreement amongst experts). Key messages that the experts agreed to be ‘very important’ were aligned with current evidence‐based understandings of pain and injury. Strategies to communicate messages included parent/caregiver role modelling, responses to child pain and discussion during and/or after a painful experience. Other key themes included promoting emotional development, empowering children to use active coping strategies and resilience building.

Conclusions

This diverse set of childhood, pain and parenting experts reached consensus on 187 items, yielding 12 key themes to consider when using everyday pain experiences to promote adaptive pain beliefs and behaviours in young children.

Significance

Parents and caregivers likely play a critical role in the development of children's fundamental beliefs and behaviours surrounding pain and injury that are carried into adulthood. Everyday pain experiences provide key opportunities to promote positive pain‐related beliefs and behaviours. This Delphi survey identified key messages and strategies that caregivers can consider to optimize learning, encourage the development of adaptive pain behaviours and build resilience for future pain experiences.
Unpredictable love? How uncertainty influences partner preferences
Authors: van Horen Femke , Millet Kobe
Published: July 2022

Do uncertain events (such as COVID‐19) influence the types of partners that males and females feel attracted to in (online) dating? Four studies show that partner preferences are not fixed but dynamic and depend on people's temporary psychological state of uncertainty. Specifically, we show that when facing uncertainty, women are more attracted to men with tougher versus more tender facial features, whereas men are more attracted to women with more tender versus tougher facial features. This effect attenuates under certainty. We show furthermore that uncertainty (but not certainty) increases the preference of stereotypical partner types (caring vs. strong), which can be inferred from these facial features. These results are replicated with different facial stimuli and when uncertainty is activated due to COVID‐19, pointing to the timeliness and generalizability of the findings. These findings have implications for our understanding of how and why partner preferences are influenced by uncertainty.
Operando Thermo‐Electrochemical Diagnostics with Au, TiO2, and LiFePO4 as Reference Electrodes in Li‐Ion Pouch Cells
Authors: Ahmed Zahoor , Roberts Alexander J. , Amietszajew Tazdin
Published: July 2022

Thermo‐electrochemical monitoring of state‐of‐the‐art rechargeable Li‐ion batteries during operation is critical for safety and reliability, yet it remains quite limited, relying on conventional full cell measurements with in situ techniques lagging behind. Here, the feasibility of incorporating Au, LiFePO4, and TiO2 electrochemical sensors into commercially available pouch cells, in conjunction with thermocouples to track the cell behavior during galvanostatic cycling at varying operating temperatures is demonstrated. It is found that Au provides the best in operando based electrochemical diagnostics for stable thermo‐electrochemical performance via long‐term cyclability (>1000 h), differential capacity curves, and at 25, 40, and 60 °C, followed by TiO2, and LiFePO4. Furthermore, cell temperature changes are analyzed alongside reference electrode readings, demonstrating the advantages of the complementary nature of these techniques for cell thermodynamics. Collectively, these findings offer deep insight into an improved battery management approach for next‐generation lithium‐ion energy storage systems.
Pricing callable–puttable convertible bonds with an integral equation approach
Authors: Lin Sha , Zhu Song‐Ping
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the pricing problem of callable–puttable convertible bonds written on a single underlying asset is studied with an integral equation (IE) approach. The complication of the pricing exercise results from the tangled presence of callability, puttability, as well as conversion, which have led to possible coexistence of two moving boundaries at the same time, depending on the call price, the put price, and the conversion ratio. If a callable–puttable convertible bond needs to be priced at a time sufficiently far away from the expiry, only the moving boundary associated with the puttability needs to be dealt with. When the pricing time is closer to expiry beyond a critical point, it is then possible to have two distinct cases. While the two moving boundaries associated with conversion and puttability coexist in one case, they may both disappear in another case; callability remains to be the only issue that needs to be dealt with. Furthermore, there exists another critical value, beyond which a callable–puttable convertible bond can be treated as its vanilla counterpart. Mathematically, various different scenarios demand different systems of IEs to be formulated and solved numerically.
Endocannabinoid signaling in astrocytes
Authors: Eraso‐Pichot Abel , Pouvreau Sandrine , Olivera‐Pinto Alexandre , Gomez‐Sotres Paula , Skupio Urszula , Marsicano Giovanni
Published: July 2022

The study of the astrocytic contribution to brain functions has been growing in popularity in the neuroscience field. In the last years, and especially since the demonstration of the involvement of astrocytes in synaptic functions, the astrocyte field has revealed multiple functions of these cells that seemed inconceivable not long ago. In parallel, cannabinoid investigation has also identified different ways by which cannabinoids are able to interact with these cells, modify their functions, alter their communication with neurons and impact behavior. In this review, we will describe the expression of different endocannabinoid system members in astrocytes. Moreover, we will relate the latest findings regarding cannabinoid modulation of some of the most relevant astroglial functions, namely calcium (Ca2+) dynamics, gliotransmission, metabolism, and inflammation.
Superficial white matter microstructure affects processing speed in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Wang Shuyue , Zhang Fan , Huang Peiyu , Hong Hui , Jiaerken Yeerfan , Yu Xinfeng , Zhang Ruiting , Zeng Qingze , Zhang Yao , Kikinis Ron , Rathi Yogesh , Makris Nikos , Lou Min , Pasternak Ofer , Zhang Minming , O'Donnell Lauren J.
Published: July 2022

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a typical feature of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which contributes to about 50% of dementias worldwide. Microstructural alterations in deep white matter (DWM) have been widely examined in CSVD. However, little is known about abnormalities in superficial white matter (SWM) and their relevance for processing speed, the main cognitive deficit in CSVD. In 141 CSVD patients, processing speed was assessed using Trail Making Test Part A. White matter abnormalities were assessed by WMH burden (volume on T2‐FLAIR) and diffusion MRI measures. SWM imaging measures had a large contribution to processing speed, despite a relatively low SWM WMH burden. Across all imaging measures, SWM free water (FW) had the strongest association with processing speed, followed by SWM mean diffusivity (MD). SWM FW was the only marker to significantly increase between two subgroups with the lowest WMH burdens. When comparing two subgroups with the highest WMH burdens, the involvement of WMH in the SWM was accompanied by significant differences in processing speed and white matter microstructure. Mediation analysis revealed that SWM FW fully mediated the association between WMH volume and processing speed, while no mediation effect of MD or DWM FW was observed. Overall, results suggest that the SWM has an important contribution to processing speed, while SWM FW is a sensitive imaging marker associated with cognition in CSVD. This study extends the current understanding of CSVD‐related dysfunction and suggests that the SWM, as an understudied region, can be a potential target for monitoring pathophysiological processes.
Response to anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Zaleska Joanna , Kwasnik Paulina , Paziewska Magdalena , Purkot Joanna , Szabelak Aleksandra , Jurek Mateusz , Masny Natalia , Dziatkiewicz Izabela , Pronobis‐Szczylik Bartosz , Piebiak Agnieszka , Szymczyk Agnieszka , Jarosz‐Chudzik Katarzyna , Bolkun Lukasz , Kozlowska Katarzyna , Piszcz Jaroslaw , Subocz Edyta , Halka Janusz , Bator Michal , Kalicinska Elzbieta , Wrobel Tomasz , Usnarska‐Zubkiewicz Lidia , Rybka Justyna , Deren‐Wagemann Izabela , Szyca‐Smieszniak Marta , Dybko Jaroslaw , Hus Iwona , Pula Bartosz , Cichocka Edyta , Rymko Marcin , Zdunczyk Dorota , Ziarkiewicz Mateusz , Basak Grzegorz Wladyslaw , Bullinger Lars , Giannopoulos Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients have increased morbidity and mortality rates of COVID‐19 due to immunosuppression associated with the disease and ongoing therapy. The same immune impairment accompanying CLL and MM also affects suboptimal vaccine response. The study assessed the effectiveness of the humoral and T cell‐mediated immunity following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination (using either BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273) in short‐term (2‐5 weeks after second dose) and long‐term follow‐up (12 weeks after vaccination). Between March and August 2021, blood samples were obtained from 62 CLL and 60 MM patients from eight different hematology departments in Poland. Total anti‐RBD antibodies were detected in 37% MM patients before vaccination, increased to 91% and 94% in short‐ and long‐term follow‐up, respectively. In CLL, serological responses were detectable in 21% of patients before vaccination and increased to 45% in the short‐term and 71% in long‐term observation. We detected a tendency to higher frequencies of specific CD8+ T cells against SARS‐CoV‐2 after vaccination compared to samples before vaccination in MM patients and no changes in frequencies of specific T cells in CLL patients. Our study provides novel insights into mRNA vaccination efficacy in immunocompromised MM and CLL patients, and our findings highlight that specific CD8+ T cells against SARS‐CoV‐2 might be induced by vaccination but do not correlate positively with serological responses.
The effects of business and finance conditions on the tourism stock markets: An empirical investigation from Turkey
Authors: Katircioglu Setareh , Katircioglu Salih
Published: July 2022

This study investigates interactions between the stock performance of tourism firms and business and finance conditions in a vast tourist destination country, Turkey. Results of the study confirm the long‐term significant effects of the business and finance environment on the stock performance of Turkish tourism firms using a stock valuation model. Furthermore, the study shows that the tourism stock markets are highly sensitive to aggregate macroeconomic and industrial activity, financial markets, tourism climate, exchange rate markets and country's inflation levels since these aggregates exert highly elastic effects on the tourism stock prices.
Two‐dimensional In2Se3: A rising advanced material for ferroelectric data storage
Authors: Huang Yu‐Ting , Chen Nian‐Ke , Li Zhen‐Ze , Wang Xue‐Peng , Sun Hong‐Bo , Zhang Shengbai , Li Xian‐Bin
Published: July 2022

Ferroelectric memory is a promising candidate for next‐generation nonvolatile memory owing to its outstanding performance such as low power consumption, fast speed, and high endurance. However, the ferroelectricity of conventional ferroelectric materials will be eliminated by the depolarization field when the size drops to the nanometer scale. As a result, the miniaturization of ferroelectric devices was hindered, which makes ferroelectric memory unable to keep up with the development of integrated‐circuit (IC) miniaturization. Recently, a two‐dimensional (2D) In2Se3was reported to maintain stable ferroelectricity at the ultrathin scale, which is expected to break through the bottleneck of miniaturization. Soon, devices based on 2D In2Se3, including the ferroelectric field‐effect transistor, ferroelectric channel transistor, synaptic ferroelectric semiconductor junction, and ferroelectric memristor were demonstrated. However, a comprehensive understanding of the structures and the ferroelectric‐switching mechanism of 2D In2Se3is still lacking. Here, the atomic structures of different phases, the dynamic mechanism of ferroelectric switching, and the performance/functions of the latest devices of 2D In2Se3are reviewed. Furthermore, the correlations among the structures, the properties, and the device performance are analyzed. Finally, several crucial problems or challenges and possible research directions are put forward. We hope that this review paper can provide timely knowledge and help for the research community to develop 2D In2Se3based ferroelectric memory and computing technology for practical industrial applications.

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Loss‐induced phase transition in mid‐infrared plasmonic metamaterials for ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Hong , Li Dongxiao , Ren Zhihao , Mu Xiaojing , Lee Chengkuo
Published: July 2022

Metamaterials have proven their ability to possess extraordinary physical properties distinct from naturally available materials, leading to exciting sensing functionalities and applications. However, metamaterial‐based sensing applications suffer from severe performance limitations due to noise interference and design constraints. Here, we propose a dual‐phase strategy that leverages loss‐induced different Fano‐resonant phases to access both destructive and constructive signals of molecular vibration. When the two reverse signals are innovatively combined, the noise in the detection system is effectively suppressed, thereby breaking through the noise‐related limitations. Additionally, by utilizing loss optimization of the plasmon‐molecule coupling system, our dual‐phase strategy enhances the efficiency of infrared energy transfer into the molecule without any additional fabrication complex, thereby overcoming the trade‐off dilemma between performance and fabrication cost. Thanks to the pioneering breakthroughs in the limitations, our dual‐phase strategy possesses an overwhelming competitive advantage in ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy over traditional metamaterial technology, including strong signal strength (×4), high sensitivity (×4.2), effective noise suppression (30%), low detection limit (13 ppm), and excellent selectivity among CO2, NH3, and CH4mixtures. This work not only opens the door to various emerging ultrasensitive detection applications, including ultrasensitive in‐breath diagnostics and high‐information analysis of molecular information in dynamic reactions, but also gains new insights into the plasmon‐molecule interactions in advanced metamaterials.

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d‐ribose‐l‐cysteine abrogates testicular maladaptive responses induced by polychlorinated bisphenol intoxication in rats via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway mediating inhibition of apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidonitrergic flux
Authors: Mega Oyovwi O. , Edesiri Tesi P. , Victor Emojevwe , Kingsley Nwangwan E. , Rume Rotu A. , Faith Falajiki Y. , Simon Ovuakporaye I. , Oghenetega Bright O. , Agbonifo‐Chijiokwu Ejime
Published: July 2022

Male reproductive maladaptive responses are becoming a global health concern and also a social issue. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a member of halogenated aromatic environmental pollutants with diverse environmental matrices. This study was conducted to explore the mechanisms of PCBs‐induced testicular maladaptive responses and the potential reversal effects of d‐ribose‐
l‐cysteine (DRLC) on testicular injury induced by administration of PCBs (2 mg/kg) for 30 days. DRLC (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for 15 days starting from Days 16 to 30 after the initial 15 days of treatment with PCB. All assays were carried out using established protocols. Administration of DRLC at 50 mg/kg after treatment with PCBs enhances body and testicular weights, gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone), testosterone and poor sperm quality. DRLC also reduced testicular injury score, improved spermatogenesis scoring, reduced oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde), as well as restored the reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and decreases pro‐inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and NO). More so, DRLC treatment abrogates testicular DNA fragmentation and downregulated p53 and caspase 3 activities and upregulated the concentration of autophagy‐related protein (mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] and Atg7). DRLC abates testicular deficit induced by PCBs intoxicated rats via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway mediating inhibition of apoptosis, Inflammation and oxidative flux.
Periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning – An assessment of the understanding of the new classification system
Authors: Kakar Arushi , Blanchard Steven , Shin Daniel , Maupomé Gerardo , Eckert George J. , John Vanchit
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Substantial variations are seen among clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment planning of periodontal diseases. Accurate diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental requirements for effective outcome‐based patient care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the understanding of the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology 2017 periodontal disease classifications in diagnoses and treatment plans across four study groups.

Methods

The study recruited at least 20 participants in each of the four study groups. These included 1) Periodontal faculty and residents at Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD‐PF) 2) IUSD general practice faculty (IUSD‐GPF), 3) private practice periodontists (PPP), and 4) general practitioners (GP). The participants were provided with 10 HIPPA de‐identified case records and a link to a survey. The survey comprised five demographic questions and two questions on diagnosis and treatment plan for each case along with a fixed list of responses. The responses were then compared against gold standards that were determined by a group of three board‐certified periodontists.

Results

Overall, for diagnostic questions, GP (69%) were correct significantly less often than IUSD‐PF (86%, p < 0.001), IUSD‐GPF (79%, p = 0.002), and PPP (80%, p = 0.001). No significant differences (p > 0.05) in the overall correct treatment plan responses were found among the four groups (IUSD‐PF: 69%, IUSD‐GPF: 62%, PPP: 68%, and GP: 60%). The multi‐rater kappas for with‐in‐group agreement on overall diagnosis ranged from 0.36 (GP) to 0.55 (IUSD‐PF) and on overall treatment plan ranged from 0.32 (IUSD‐GPF) to 0.42 (IUSD‐PF). Overall agreement for diagnosis and treatment plans among the four groups was relatively low and none of the groups were statistically different from each other (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Regular participation in calibration sessions may lead to more accurate adoption of the 2017 periodontal classification and thereby help provide consistent diagnosis and treatment.
Chronic caffeine consumption improves the acute sleep deprivation‐induced spatial memory impairment while altering N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subunit expression in male rats
Authors: Keloglan Seval Musuroglu , Sahin Leyla , Cevik Ozge Selin
Published: July 2022

Caffeine is a psychostimulant substance that is mostly used to prevent fatigue, increase alertness, and ameliorate sleep loss situations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic caffeine consumption on learning and memory functions and related genes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep‐deprived rats. During the neonatal period (postnatal day [PND] 28) Wistar albino male rats (n = 32) were randomly assigned into four groups: Control (C), caffeine application (Cf), acute REM sleep‐deprivation (RD), and caffeine application + acute RD (Cf + RD). The 48 h of RD was executed when caffeine administration was completed. The learning and memory performance was evaluated by the Morris water maze test (MWMT). Following this, the rats were decapitated to isolate hippocampus tissues. In MWMT, time spent in the targeted quadrant decreased significantly in the RD group compared with the C and Cf + RD group. NR2A expression level increased in the RD group compared with C, Cf, and Cf + RD groups (p < 0.05). NR2B expression level increased in RD and Cf + RD groups compared with C and Cf groups (p < 0.05). BDNF and c‐Fos expression levels did not differ significantly between the groups. RD impaired hippocampal spatial memory performance in the MWMT test. Our results indicated that chronic caffeine consumption has a therapeutic effect on spatial memory deterioration impairment caused by RD. Furthermore, it seems that the effect of caffeine RD on the hippocampus may be mediated by NR2A.
Synthesis of novel purine derivatives: Antiplatelet aggregation activity evaluation and 3D‐QSAR analysis
Authors: Li Shunlai , Ren Yajing , He Qiwen , Wei Yongji , Du Hongguang
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular disease caused by platelet aggregation is a serious threat to human health, so antiplatelet aggregation has great significance to treat the disease. Since, purine derivatives are important molecules with antiplatelet aggregation activity, it is very essential to study the relationship between purine structure and antiplatelet aggregation effect, which could help us to find antithrombotic drugs. This article describes the modification of molecular substituents with purine structures as backbone and evaluates their antiplatelet aggregation activity. 3D‐QSAR analysis of a series of novel purine derivatives synthesized was performed based on self‐organized molecular field analysis (SOMFA). Significant correlation coefficients (SOMFA, r2 = 0.821, rcv2 = 0.807, F value = 283.500, SEE = 0.229) were obtained, and the model prediction ability was validated using the test set. The results suggest that rational modification of the substituent groups can provide a basis for the development of more effective drug molecules.
Acute medical workup for new‐onset psychosis in children and adolescents: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Muhrer Eli , Moxam Alexander , Dunn Michelle , Rosen Alyssa , Taylor Jerome H. , Camacho Peter , Bowden Cadence , Worsley Diana , Doupnik Stephanie K.
Published: July 2022

No consensus exists about which medical testing is indicated for youth with new‐onset psychotic symptoms. We conducted a chart review of youths aged 7–21 years who were medically hospitalized for workup of new‐onset psychotic symptoms from January 2017 through September 2020 in a free‐standing children's hospital. The sample included 131 patients. At discharge, 129 (98.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.5–99.8) were diagnosed with a primary psychiatric condition, 1 was diagnosed with levetiracetam‐induced psychosis, and 1 with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis. Notably, 33 (25.2%; 95% CI: 18.0–33.5) had incidental findings unrelated to psychosis, 14 (10.7%; 95% CI: 6.0–17.3) had findings that required medical intervention but did not explain the psychosis, 12 (9.2%; 95% CI: 4.8–15.5) had a positive urine drug screen, and 4 (3.1%; 95% CI: 0.8–7.6) had a neurological exam consistent with conversion disorder. In conclusion, extensive medical testing in the acute setting for psychosis had a low yield for identifying medical etiologies of new‐onset psychotic symptoms.
No news from old drawings? Stomach anatomy in muroid rodents in relation to body size and ecology
Authors: Steiner Natalie , Clauss Marcus , Martin Louise F. , Imper Corina , Meloro Carlo , Duque‐Correa Maria J.
Published: July 2022

Muroid rodents mostly have a complex stomach: one part is lined with a cornified (nonglandular) epithelium, referred to as a “forestomach”, whereas the rest is lined with glandular epithelium. Numerous functions for the forestomach have been proposed. We collated a catalog of anatomical depictions of the stomach of 174 muroid species from which the respective nonglandular and glandular areas could be digitally measured, yielding a “stomach ratio” (nonglandular:glandular area) as a scale‐independent variable. Stomach ratios ranged from 0.13 to 20.15, and the coefficient of intraspecific variation if more than one picture was available for a species averaged at 29.7% (±21.5). We tested relationships of the ratio with body mass and various anatomical and ecological variables, including diet. There was a consistent phylogenetic signal, suggesting that closely related species share a similar anatomy. Apart from classifying stomachs into hemiglandular and discoglandular, no anatomical or ecological measure showed a consistent relationship to the stomach ratio. In particular, irrespective of statistical method or the source of dietary information, dietary proxies did not significantly correlate with the stomach ratio, except for a trend towards significance for invertivory (insectivory). Yet, even this relationship was not convincing: whereas highly insectivorous species had high but no low stomach ratios, herbivorous species had both low and high stomach ratios. Thus, the statistical effect is not due to a systematic increase in the relative forestomach size with invertivory. The most plausible hypotheses so far associate the muroid forestomach and its microbiome with a generic protective role against microbial or fungal toxins and diseases, without evident correlates of a peculiar need for this function under specific ecological conditions. Yet, this function remains to be confirmed. While providing a catalog of published depictions and hypotheses, this study highlights that the function of the muroid rodent forestomach remains enigmatic to date.
3D modeling of inductive and capacitive coupling between surface‐mounted multilayer‐capacitors
Authors: Riener Christian , Bauernfeind Thomas , Baumgartner Paul , Hackl Herbert , Ibel Martin , Kvasnicka Samuel , Prestros Ralph , Roppert Klaus , Kaltenbacher Manfred
Published: July 2022

Electronic based systems (EBS) tend to become smaller in size while at the same time their functionality, complexity, and operating frequencies increase. Therefore, accurate and broadband characterization of the electric behavior of the components of such EBS is becoming more and more important for first‐time right designs, especially for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and interference (EMI) issues. Although many of the manufacturers provide the electric characterization of their components up to, for example, 8.5 GHz, there is still a lack of information about the parasitic electromagnetic coupling of their components to others. To characterize this behavior in terms of measurement is demanding due to the small size and the high frequencies, hence the characterization by means of numerical simulations has become popular in the last years. Due to the fact that the components can be quite complex and their structure hard to model and simulate, like it is the case for the here investigated multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC), simplified models of the geometry have been typically used. In general, the electromagnetic behavior of multiple components close to each other is of interest, hence numerical efficient models must be deployed to analyze interfering effects toward each other. In the present paper we evaluate different 3D modeling strategies for MLCCs in terms of their capabilities to characterize the mutual coupling between such components.
A climatology of aerosol optical depths in the ultraviolet wavelengths for Hobart, Australia, as determined by a Brewer MKIII spectrophotometer
Authors: Nuñez Manuel , Serrano Antonio , Larson Nels R.
Published: July 2022

The study examines aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements at 320 nm wavelength by a Brewer MKIII spectrophotometer located in Hobart, Australia. A climatology was developed from records encompassing the period April 4, 2002, to February 27, 2019. A methodology is described to extract cloudless episodes and cloudless half‐days. Extraterrestrial irradiances are obtained using a travelling calibration standard and are supplemented by Langley analyses on cloudless and stable half‐days. AODs are obtained by applying Beer's law to every reading and subtracting known values of ozone optical depth and Rayleigh scatter. Statistics are provided on the daily, monthly and interannual variability. Concurrent measurements from a Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) operating in the visible band enabled the spectral variability of AOD to be determined. They showed the dominance of oceanic aerosols but with some input from land‐based aerosols originating mostly from biomass burning.
Successful real‐world application of an osteoarthritis classification deep‐learning model using 9210 knees—An orthopedic surgeon's view
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Tzu , Huang Brady , Thogiti Nagaraju , Zhu Wan‐Xuan , Chang Chih‐Hung , Pao Jwo‐Luen , Lai Feipei
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a deep‐learning model to evaluate knee osteoarthritis using Kellgren–Lawrence grading in real‐life knee radiographs. A deep convolutional neural network model was trained using 8964 knee radiographs from the osteoarthritis initiative (OAI), including 962 testing set images. Another 246 knee radiographs from the Far Eastern Memorial Hospital were used for external validation. The OAI testing set and external validation images were evaluated by experienced specialists, two orthopedic surgeons, and a musculoskeletal radiologist. The accuracy, interobserver agreement, F1 score, precision, recall, specificity, and ability to identify surgical candidates were used to compare the performances of the model and specialists. Attention maps illustrated the interpretability of the model classification. The model had a 78% accuracy and consistent interobserver agreement for the OAI (model‐surgeon 1 К = 0.80, model‐surgeon 2 К = 0.84, model‐radiologist К = 0.86) and external validation (model‐surgeon 1 К = 0.81, model‐surgeon 2 К = 0.82, model‐radiologist К = 0.83) images. A lower interobserver agreement was found in the images misclassified by the model (model‐surgeon 1 К = 0.57, model‐surgeon 2 К = 0.47, model‐radiologist К = 0.65). The model performed better than specialists in identifying surgical candidates (Kellgren–Lawrence Stages 3 and 4) with an F1 score of 0.923. Our model not only had comparable results with specialists with respect to the ability to identify surgical candidates but also performed consistently with open database and real‐life radiographs. We believe the controversy of the misclassified knee osteoarthritis images was based on a significantly lower interobserver agreement.
Impact of pretreatments with ethanol and freezing on drying slice papaya: drying performance and kinetic of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of phenolics compounds
Authors: Santos Newton Carlos , Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , da Silva Gabriel Monteiro , de Alcântara Silva Vírgínia Mirtes , de Alcântara Ribeiro Victor Herbert , de Oliveira Brito Ana Carla , de Sousa Rodrigues Larissa Monique , Santos Rebeca Morais Silva , Saraiva Maria Monique Tavares
Published: July 2022

Background

Pretreatments of drying can represent an alternative to minimize the negative aspect process on the dry samples. Thus, the influence of ethanol (ET) and freezing (FG) as drying pretreatments was analyzed for slices of papaya. The slices (5 mm) were submitted for drying kinetics (60 °C and 1.5 m s−1). Drying kinetics experimental data were fitted using Page's model and a diffusive model with boundary condition of types I and III. Also the thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat) were determined and finally, the kinetics of ultrasound‐assisted (40 kHz and 132 W) extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) were realized.

Results

The combined method (ET + FG) was more efficient in reducing the drying time of papaya slices (48%) and the model 2 simulating the boundary condition of the third type (type III) showed the best fit to the experimental data. Effective diffusivity and convective coefficient were higher for ET + FG, where the maximum reduction in water content was 91% compared to fresh slices. The pretreatments did not influence the thermal conductivity, however, they were significant in the specific heat and in the extraction of TPCs, being higher in the time of 180 min.

Conclusion

It was confirmed in the results presented that the combined pretreatment ET + FG is the most viable for drying papaya slices. Furthermore, it was found to be the most efficient in minimizing the loss of TPCs. Therefore, this pretreatment has great potential for application in the development of high value‐added foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chest wall resection for breast cancer: 21st century Mayo clinic experience
Authors: Durgan Diane M. , De La Cruz Ku Gabriel , Thomas Mathew , Pockaj Barbara A. , McLaughlin Sarah A. , Casey William J. , Vijayasekaran Aparna , Wigle Dennis , Cheville John C. , Tonneson Jennifer , Hoskin Tanya L. , Jakub James W.
Published: July 2022

Background

We hypothesized full‐thickness chest wall resection (FTCWR) with advanced surgical techniques and modern systemic therapy is safe, provides local control, and good overall survival.

Methods

Retrospective review of FTCWR (including rib or part of sternum) for breast cancer between 2000 and 2020. Primary endpoints included 90‐day morbidities and all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were loco‐regional and distant recurrence, DFS and overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 35 patients met the criteria. 34 FTCWR were for recurrence and the median time to chest wall recurrence was 6 years. Tumor subtype was triple‐negative in 51% and the remainder HR+ Her2−. 58% were palliative resections. FTCWR included rib(s) in 89% and portion of sternum in 57%; 94% required reconstruction and 80% were R0 resections. There were no 90‐day mortalities. Overall morbidity was 10/35(28%). 17(49%) patients received neoadjuvant systemic therapy for their recurrence and three received neoadjuvant radiation. Adjuvant treatment included chemotherapy (8), endocrine therapy (3), and both (8). Ten patients (28%) received adjuvant radiation. The Median follow‐up was 31 months and there were 6 (17%) loco‐regional and 7 (20%) distant recurrences. OS was 86% and 67% at 1 and 3 years, respectively.

Conclusion

FTCWR was associated with low morbidity, mortality, recurrence rates, and good OS. Selective FTCWR is safe and has acceptable short‐term survival rates.
Ingredients in the Visual Perception of Hypomobile Vocal Fold Motion Impairment
Authors: Han Jasper , George Sachin S. , Mau Ted
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The clinical determination of vocal fold (VF) hypomobility based on laryngoscopy is subjective. Previous studies point to VF motion anomaly as the most commonly reported factor in the diagnosis of hypomobility. This study tested the hypotheses that VF angular velocities and angular range of motion (ROM) differ between the two VFs in cases of unilateral VF hypomobility.

Study Design

Retrospective.

Methods

Semi‐automated analysis of laryngoscopic videos of 18 subjects diagnosed with unilateral VF hypomobility and 13 subjects with normal VF mobility was performed to quantify/compare the VF angular velocity and ROM between the two VFs during /i/−sniff and laugh.

Results

In the hypomobile VF group, 7 out of 15 (47%) videos with /i/−sniff and 5 out of 8 (63%) with laugh had a statistically significant difference in the angular velocities between the VFs in either abduction or adduction. For VF ROM, 8 out of 15 (53%) /i/−sniff videos and 4 out of 8 (50%) with laughter had a statistically significant difference between VFs. In the group without the diagnosis of VF hypomobility, 9 out of 13 subjects (69%) had no difference in VF angular velocity and ROM during either /i/−sniff or laugh.

Conclusions

Differences in VF angular velocity or ROM are measurable in a substantial subset of subjects diagnosed with unilateral VF hypomobility. Clinicians' ability to gauge VF motion goes beyond what can be extracted from frame‐by‐frame analysis. Other visual cues, in addition to VF angular velocity and ROM, likely contribute to the perception of unilateral VF hypomobility.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:866–874, 2023
Healthcare disparities for the development of airway stenosis from the medical intensive care unit
Authors: Burruss Clayton Prakash , Pappal Robin B. , Witt Michael A. , Harryman Christopher , Ali Syed Z. , Bush Matthew L. , Fritz Mark A.
Published: July 2022

Objectives/hypothesis

To identify sociodemographic factors associated with the development of airway stenosis (AS) among intubated medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

A retrospective review of adult MICU intubated patients from 2013 to 2019 at a single academic institution was performed. Univariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression examined associations between the development of AS and subsite abnormalities such as posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), subglottic stenosis (SGS), tracheal stenosis (TS), vocal fold immobility (VFI), and posterior glottic granuloma (PGG) with age, body mass index (BMI), height, weight, race, ethnicity, sex, rurality, Appalachian status, length of admission, distance to hospital, and median household income.

Results

Of an overall sample of 6603 MICU patients, 449 intubated patients were included in the study, and 204 patients were found to have AS. AS was statistically associated with decreased driving distance to the hospital and increases in BMI. PGS was statistically associated with increases in age. TS was statistically associated with increases in admission duration and not having residence status in Appalachia. VFI was statistically associated with decreases in driving distance to the hospital and not having residence status in Appalachia. Additionally, black patients had a higher odds of developing VFI compared to Caucasian patients.

Conclusion

AS is associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, BMI, shorter distance to hospital, admission duration, and no Appalachian status. These data demonstrate the need to further investigate the impact of social determinants of health on airway pathology and outcomes.

Level of evidence

4.
Grazing by an endemic atyid shrimp controls microbial communities in the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem
Authors: Havird Justin C. , Brannock Pamela M. , Yoshioka Reyn M. , Vaught Rebecca C. , Carlson Kaile'a , Edwards Collin , Tracy Allison , Twining Cornelia W. , Zheng Yun , Chai David , Wilson Alan E. , Hairston Nelson G. , Santos Scott R.
Published: July 2022

Animals often shape environmental microbial communities, which can in turn influence animal gut microbiomes. Invasive species in critical habitats may reduce grazing pressure from native species and shift microbial communities. The landlocked coastal ponds, pools, and caves that make up the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem support an endemic shrimp (Halocaridina rubra) that grazes on diverse benthic microbial communities, including orange cyanobacterial‐bacterial crusts and green algal mats. Here, we asked how shrimp: (1) shape the abundance and composition of microbial communities, (2) respond to invasive fishes, and (3) whether their gut microbiomes are affected by environmental microbial communities. We demonstrate that ecologically relevant levels of shrimp grazing significantly reduce epilithon biomass. Shrimp grazed readily and grew well on both orange crusts and green mat communities. However, individuals from orange crusts were larger, despite crusts having reduced concentrations of key fatty acids. DNA profiling revealed shrimp harbor a resident gut microbiome distinct from the environment, which is relatively simple and stable across space (including habitats with different microbial communities) and time (between wild‐caught individuals and those maintained in the laboratory for >2 yr). DNA profiling also suggests shrimp grazing alters environmental microbial community composition, possibly through selective consumption and/or physical interactions. While this work suggests grazing by endemic shrimp plays a key role in shaping microbial communities in the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem, the hypothesized drastic ecological shifts resulting from invasive fishes may be an oversimplification as shrimp may largely avoid predation. Moreover, environmental microbial communities may have little influence on shrimp gut microbiomes.
Design and optimization of wireless in‐situ sensor coupled with gas–water equilibrators for continuous pCO2 measurement in aquatic environments
Authors: Lee Daryl Jia Jun , Kek Kah Teik , Wong Wei Wen , Mohd Nadzir Mohd Shahrul , Yan Jinpei , Zhan Liyang , Poh Seng‐Chee
Published: July 2022

Affordable, highly precise, and accurate CO2 sensor is a prerequisite for more extensive CO2 measurements in various environmental settings, and thus more accurate local and global carbon budgets. Here, we propose the use of an autonomous system for the detection of CO2 concentration (mole fraction), appropriate for inland freshwater and eutrophic coastal environments. We describe the construction of a CO2 sensing device (SIPCO2‐II) using off‐the‐shelf commercial products that integrate wireless communication capability. We also report the proof of concept of two newly designed gas–water equilibrators (GWEs) for in‐situ CO2 monitoring to be used with SIPCO2‐II. The performance of the SIPCO2‐II is evaluated in detail, providing information on the sensor sensitivity, detection limit and stability, and comparing these to a commercially available CO2 analyzer (LGR 915‐0011; Los Gatos Research). Comparison results demonstrate good agreement between the two devices with the root mean square error of 5%. The accuracy and precision of SIPCO2‐II against CO2 reference gases are evaluated and values are within 99–104% recovery and 0.9–3 ppm, respectively. The GWEs which comprised either a semi‐passive floater (free‐drifting float equilibrator; FDFE) or a hybrid showerhead‐marble equilibrator (SME) are tested in the laboratory and in the environment. Overall, the SME outperforms FDFE in terms of response time (4 vs. 16 min). The FDFE can cover larger survey areas with lower cost, due to its semi‐passive feature that allows it to drift with water current. The outcome of our study provides an alternative to budget‐constrained CO2 monitoring regimes without compromising the accuracy and precision of the measurements.