bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal complex pigments
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

There are several commercially significant metal complex organic pigments that are based on first row transition metals. The most important of these are the copper phthalocyanine blue and green pigments which find virtually universal use in paints, printing inks, and plastics. These pigments are of such prime importance that they are dealt with separately in three other chapters in this series. This paper describes a group of pigments that are complexes of iron, copper, nickel, and cobalt with polydentate colored ligands of azo, azomethine, oxime, and isoindoline chemical types. The oldest metal complex organic pigment that still finds some use is CI Pigment Green 8, an octahedral oxime iron complex. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was considerable industrial research effort aimed at developing metal complex pigments based on azomethine and isoindoline structures, many of which were found to offer excellent lightfastness, good solvent resistance and thermal stability, although they exhibited rather dull colors. However, several products provide brilliant effects when used in combination with metallic and pearlescent pigments in automotive paints. Many of the pigments introduced have since been withdrawn by the original manufacturers, but a few remain on the market. The synthesis of metal complex pigments generally involves the preparation of the colored ligand, which is then complexed with the transition metal ion
Introduction: Using Placebo Research to Explore Belief and Healing in Late Antiquity
Authors: Korsvoll Nils H.
Published: June 2021

This special issue explores belief and healing in Late Antiquity, through insight and terminology developed in modern placebo research. My introduction outlines the history of placebo research and its use in historical studies of medicine and healing. It has helped historians pose new questions to their sources and discuss them in light of modern medical research. Most studies analyse various descriptions or records of symptoms or diagnoses, but some researchers also extend their work to include social or anthropological studies of healing. Summarizing insights from such efforts in medical research and the history of medicine, I propose a selection of questions and perspectives from research on the placebo effect to aid and guide the subsequent articles in their examination of their respective sets of sources, as well as facilitate discussion and comparison across our different materials, and often also differing disciplines.
Hope for Cure and the Placebo Effect: The Case of the Greco-Egyptian Iatromagical Formularies
Authors: Sarischouli Panagiota
Published: June 2021

The present paper focuses on healing rituals from Greco-Roman Egypt, where medicine and religion were inextricably linked to each other and further connected to the art of magic. In Pharaonic Egypt, healing magic was especially attributed to the priests who served a fearsome goddess named Sekhmet; although Sekhmet was associated with war and retribution, she was also believed to be able to avert plague and cure disease. It then comes as no surprise that the majority of healing spells or other types of iatromagical papyri dating from the Roman period are written in Demotic, following a long tradition of ancient Egyptian curative magic. The extant healing rituals written in Greek also show substantial Egyptian influence in both methodological structure and motifs, thus confirming the widely accepted assumption that many features of Greco-Egyptian magic were actually inherited from their ancient antecedents. What is particularly interesting about these texts is that, in many cases, they contain magical rites combined with basic elements of real medical treatment. Obviously, magic was not simply expected to serve as a substitute for medical cure, but was rather seen as a complementary treatment in order to balance the effect of fear, on the one hand, and the flame of hope, on the other.
On the Latin-Romance continuum in theDurham Account Rolls
Authors: Roig-Marín Amanda
Published: June 2021

This article provides an overview of the Romance-Latin continuum, inherent to theDurham Account Rolls(DAR), and contextualises the learning and teaching of French and Latin in medieval England: an understanding of the socio-historical context and the underlying pedagogical framework enables us to better assess the data presented in this article. In line with a detriment to the learning of French in the late 14th century and a progressive loss of linguistic competence, the definite article in these multilingual texts started to develop an independent course from its French model which is herein discussed. The parameters for identifying lexis as coming only from French, Latin, or both are also revisited. The occurrences in the DAR usually encompass a whole spectrum of possible morphological manifestations ranging from Latin to French. This article concludes with some notes on the main semantic domains to which Anglo-French contributed in the DAR.
La discordancia de número en el doblado de objeto indirecto: nuevos datos del español de Galicia
Authors: Sanromán Vilas Begoña
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the loss of agreement between the dative clitic and its plural nominal referent in indirect object clitic-doubling in Spanish spoken in Galicia. On the basis of the previously defended hypothesis that number disagreement makes part of a grammaticalisation process whereby the clitic becomes a case affix, the paper examines some internal factors which lack consensus in previous studies, such as the relation between (in)transitivity and position of the clitic or animacity of nominal referents of the IO, and other external factors. Data analysis reveals that the percentage of disagreement in this area is much higher than in other Spanish speaking areas. This fact might be a consequence of language contact with Galician, a language where number inflection in the dative clitic is neutralised. To verify this hypothesis, the paper explores the relation between the number of occurrences of disagreement and the level of bilingualism of the speakers.
Time to Be Negative About Acceleration: A Spotlight on Female Football Players
Authors: Griffin Jesse , Horan Sean , Keogh Justin , Andreatta Melissa , Minahan Clare
Published: June 2021

Griffin, J, Horan, S, Keogh, J, Andreatta, M, and Minahan, C. Time to be negative about acceleration: A spotlight on female football players. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3264–3271, 2022—Women's football requires players to perform frequent changes in velocity (i.e., speed and direction) for successful performance. Although increases in velocity (“acceleration”) are important, decreases in velocity (“deceleration”) should also be considered equally important to performance and load monitoring. Currently, there is a disproportionate focus on acceleration and creating faster players. The aim of this review is to provide an understanding of deceleration for female football players. Given the limited research in this area, data from studies involving male football players and from other team-sport athletes were used to supplement the review where necessary. Most research focused on eccentric strength and its relationship with deceleration ability, highlighting the importance of slow eccentric strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings to deceleration. Technical and kinematic characteristics of deceleration were also investigated. Importantly, with deceleration being a unilateral motor skill, development requires similar amounts of training for both legs. Imbalances between legs in skill and strength characteristics may compromise performance or increase the risk of injury. Given the dependent nature of deceleration, several contextual factors were identified as important when considering deceleration as a part of training programs and performance. Deceleration is affected by the following factors: an athlete's momentum, the approach speed, change of direction angle, time or distance, anticipated or unanticipated task, fatigue, and the positional requirements of female football players. Further research is needed into deceleration and the physical characteristics associated with deceleration performance, particularly for female football players.
Monitoring Elite Soccer Players Physical Performance Using Real-Time Data Generated by Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems
Authors: Oliva-Lozano José M. , Martín-Fuentes Isabel , Granero-Gil Paulino , Muyor José M.
Published: June 2021

Oliva-Lozano, JM, Martín-Fuentes, I, Granero-Gil, P, and Muyor, JM. Monitoring elite soccer players physical performance using real-time data generated by electronic performance and tracking systems. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3224–3228, 2022—The aims of this technical report were to analyze the validity of real-time data collected by electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) and investigate the effect of varying real-time receiver's position on the real-time data collected. Physical performance data were collected from professional soccer players using EPTS. In addition, 3 real-time receivers, which were placed in different positions (i.e., central area of the stadium stands and right and left technical areas), were used to collect real-time data. The real-time data collected by each receiver were visualized on SVivo and compared with the data downloaded directly from the device on SPro. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the data collected by the real-time receivers compared with postsession data in any variable (p > 0.05), except for total distance and high-speed running distance covered, which showed significant differences but trivial effect size (p < 0.05; d = 0.01). The coefficient of determination (R
2) and intraclass correlation coefficient were greater than 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Regarding the analysis of varying the receiver's position on the real-time data collected, the results showed that there was no significant effect of the receiver's position on any variable (p > 0.05). Therefore, valid physical performance data may be obtained by real-time tracking systems such as SVivo, regardless of the position of the real-time receivers and distance to the players. Specifically, high-intensity running actions, distances covered at low and high speed, and accelerometer-derived variables such as player load may be accurately tracked by this real-time tracking software.
The relationship between the use of digital devices and cognitive development in preschool children: Evidence from scholarly literature
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bukhalenkova Daria Alekseevna , Chichinina Elena Alekseevna ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chursina Apollinaria Vadimovna ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Veraksa Aleksander Nikolaevich ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Preschool children are active users of digital devices, which affects their cognitive development. The nature of these impacts has not been sufficiently studied, and there are different opinions of experts on this issue. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the findings of research investigations devoted to the impact of digital devices on preschool children’s cognitive development. Materials and Methods. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of 46 full-text research articles describing the relationship between the use of digital devices (screen time and media content features) and the development of speech and mathematical skills, as well as the development of executive functions in 3-7 year-old children. The review is based on the cultural-historical approach. Results. The analysis of studies has shown that the impact of using digital devices on preschool children’s cognitive development depends on screen time, the exposure type (background TV or targeted use of digital devices), the content (educational or entertaining content), age appropriateness (age-appropriate or inappropriate content), the extent of how realistic the content is (fantasy or realistic content), the stimulus material complexity (visual or audial, black and white or color). There are also conclusions about the most relevant prospects for further research on the impact of the use of digital devices on the cognitive development of children. Conclusions. The review has indicated that long screen time negatively affects the development of speech and mathematical skills and executive functions in preschool children. The study has revealed that the content impact on cognitive development depends on the characteristics of this content. In particular, children-oriented educational content can contribute to cognitive development. Adult-oriented content can negatively affect cognitive development.
Mythologemes of gifted education: Representations in art, scientific discourse, and educational practice
Authors:   Sochi State University, Maznichenko Marina Aleksandrovna , Neskoromnykh Nataliya Ivanovna ,   Creativity and Humanitarian Education Center, Anastasia Nikolaevna Anastasia Nikolaevna ,   Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education, Fomenko Vita Alexandrovna ,   Sochi State University, Khovyakova Anna Leonidovna ,   Sochi State University
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The article examines the problem of identifying the key ideas employed by the teachers who are involved in gifted education. The purpose of the article is to reveal the key mythologemes of gifted education and trace their representations in art, scientific discourse, and educational practice. Materials and Methods. In order to achieve the goal, the authors used methods of analysis of scholarly literature, program documents of Russian education, folklore texts, academic texts, literary works and films about gifted children. A questionnaire methodology was used to elicit attitudes about giftedness from teachers working with gifted children. Results. The research findings indicate that mythologemes – sensually ideal projections of rational ideas in representations and images, the absolutization of which by teachers can lead to the formation of unproductive educational scenarios - can act as guidelines for gifted education. The study has revealed the following key mythologemes of gifted education: “Giftedness as an exclusivity”, “Giftedness as destiny”, “Giftedness as a challenge”, “Giftedness as a path to success and achievements”, “Exploitation of giftedness”. Specific examples show their representation in art (folklore, fiction, cinema), scientific discourse, educational practice (teachers' ideas, scenarios of interaction between parents and teachers with gifted children). It is emphasized that absolutization of mythologemes in educational practice leads to the formation and stereotyping of unproductive educational scenarios. Conclusions. The authors conclude that gifted education should be based on the balance between the attitude towards gifted children as holders of a special gift and ordinary children with their own interests and needs, between the development of enhanced abilities and the solution of the problems of moral and social education, between “placing upon a pedestal” and ignorance.
Typical Retrograde Type A Dissection After Previous Type B Dissection
Authors: Cheng Zeyi , Shi Jun , Pe Caixia , Guo Yingqiang
Published: June 2021

Background: Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) retrograde tears to Stanford type A AD (RTAAD) have been reported only rarely, but are often fatal. Early diagnosis and timely surgery are essential. We present a typical case of RTAAD after the tip of the stent directly damaged the ascending aorta wall.
Case: A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our department for chest pain and back pain for 10 hours. She had undergone coated stent graft implantation surgery a month previously for TBAD. On first impression, we suspected the AD may have progressed or torn retrogradely. RTAAD was confirmed by computed tomography angiography, and we successfully performed open surgery.
Conclusion: RTAAD should be suspected in patients with chest and back pain after endovascular stent repair. Prompt recognition is essential, and early surgical treatment is strongly recommended.
Evaluación de la Inclusión en Educación Superior Mediante Indicadores
Authors: Márquez Carmen , Sandoval Marta , Sánchez Sergio , Simón Cecilia , Moriña Anabel , Morgado Beatriz , Moreno-Medina Irene , García José Antonio , Díaz-Gandasegui Vicente , Elizalde-San Miguel Begoña
Published: June 2021

Las universidades son espacios a los que determinados estudiantes no acceden o en los que encuentran destacados obstáculos para permanecer. Avanzar hacia la construcción de universidades donde todos puedan aprender y participar es una tarea inaplazable que muchas instituciones desconocen cómo enfrentar. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar un sistema de indicadores que facilite a las instituciones universitarias la autoevaluación de las condiciones que ofrecen a sus estudiantes con respecto a la inclusión. Con una metodología basada en la revisión bibliográfica y la validación de indicadores por 18 expertos/as mediante el método Delphi, se presentan un total de 30 indicadores agrupados en seis dimensiones claves. Estas dimensiones hacen referencia a la cultura institucional, acceso equitativo, aprendizaje centrado en el alumnado, bienestar y participación, movilidad y empleabilidad y logro académico. Para facilitar el uso del instrumento, se acompaña cada indicador de una breve descripción, una medida o escala de evaluación, la periodicidad con la que conviene ser medido y el posible nivel de desagregación. Como conclusión, se reconoce la adecuación del método Delphi para la validación de indicadores y se destaca la contribución de los instrumentos de evaluación como herramientas que permiten evidenciar las situaciones de desigualdad universitaria. Se subraya la urgencia de revertir el modelo universitario hacia un modelo enfocado en el diseño de estrategias que permitan avanzar hacia la verdadera inclusión.
Using plant extractives as eco-friendly pulp additives: Mechanical and antifungal properties of paper sheets made from linen fibers
Authors: Taha Ayman S. , Abo Elgat Wael A. A. , Fares Yahia G. D. , Dessoky Eldessoky S. , Behiry Said I. , Salem Mohamed Z. M.
Published: June 2021

In this study, extractives from Pinus rigida heartwood (PRW), Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa aerial parts (ECL), and Eucalyptus flower buds (ECF) were used as additives in paper sheets produced from the pulp of linen fibers, and their effects on the mechanical and antifungal properties of the paper sheets were studied. The highest tensile and tear indices were 31.5 Nm/g, and 17.3 mNm2/g as pulp treated with PRW (4%), and ECL (1%), respectively. All the pulp additives yielded lower burst index values compared to the control (2.24 KPa.m2/g); the nearest value was 2.23 KPa.m2/g (ECL 4% pulp additive). The brightness percentages (ISO%) ranged from 65.7% to 70.2%, which were lower than the control treatment (70.3%). The paper sheets produced from pulp treated with 2% or 4% PRW, and with 4% ECL suppressed Aspergillus niger growth on the paper disc; pulp treated with 2% or 4% PRW, 4% ECL, and with 2% or 4% ECF completely suppressed A. terreus growth. However, all pulp extract additives did not inhibit the growth of Fusarium culmorum.
Analysis of speech MEL scale and its classification as big data by parameterized KNN
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, R Skuratovskii ,   National Technical University of Ukraine ''Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute'', A Bazarna ,   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management,   National Technical University of Ukraine ''Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute'', E Osadhyy ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: June 2021

Recognizing emotions and human speech has always been an exciting challenge for scientists. In our work the parameterization of the vector is obtained and realized from the sentence divided into the containing emotional-informational part and the informational part is effectively applied. The expressiveness of human speech is improved by the emotion it conveys. There are several characteristics and features of speech that differentiate it among utterances, i.e. various prosodic features like pitch, timbre, loudness and vocal tone which categorize speech into several emotions. They were supplemented by us with a new classification feature of speech, which consists in dividing a sentence into an emotionally loaded part of the sentence and a part that carries only informational load. Therefore, the sample speech is changed when it is subjected to various emotional environments. As the identification of the speaker’s emotional states can be done based on the Mel scale, MFCC is one such variant to study the emotional aspects of a speaker’s utterances. In this work, we implement a model to identify several emotional states from MFCC for two datasets, classify emotions for them on the basis of MFCC features and give the correspondent comparison of them. Overall, this work implements the classification model based on dataset minimization that is done by taking the mean of features for the improvement of the classification accuracy rate in different machine learning algorithms. In addition to the static analysis of the author's tonal portrait, which is used in particular in MFFC, we propose a new method for the dynamic analysis of the phrase in processing and studying as a new linguistic-emotional entity pronounced by the same author. Due to the ranking by the importance of the MEL scale features, we are able to parameterize the vectors coordinates be processed by the parametrized KNN method. Language recognition is a multi-level task of pattern recognition. Here acoustic signals are analyzed and structured in a hierarchy of structural elements, words, phrases and sentences. Each level of such a hierarchy may provide some temporal constants: possible word sequences or known types of pronunciation that reduce the number of recognition errors at a lower level. An analysis of voice and speech dynamics is appropriate for improving the quality of human perception and the formation of human speech by a machine and is within the capabilities of artificial intelligence. Emotion results can be widely applied in e-learning platforms, vehicle on-board systems, medicine, etc
The development of a genetic method to optimize the flue gas desulfurization process
Authors:   National University ''Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic'', I Fedorchenko , A Oliinyk ,   National University ''Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic'', A Stepanenko ,   National University ''Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic'', T Fedoronchak ,   National University ''Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic'', A Kharchenko ,   National University ''Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic''
Published: June 2021

Sulfur dioxide is one of the most commonly found gases, which contaminates the air, damages human health and the environment. To decrease the damage, it is important to control the emissions on power stations, as the major part of sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is produced during electric energy generation on power plants. The present work describes flue gas desulfurization process optimizing strategy using data mining. The optimisation modified genetic method of flue gas desulfurization process based on artificial neural network was developed. It affords to represent the time series characteristics and factual efficiency influence on desulfurization and increase its precision of prediction. The vital difference between this developed genetic method and other similar methods is in using adaptive mutation, that uses the level of population development in working process. It means that less important genes will mutate in chromosome more probable than high suitability genes. It increases accuracy and their role in searching. The comparison exercise of developed method and other methods was done with the result that new method gives the smallest predictive error (in the amount of released SO2) and helps to decrease the time in prediction of efficiency of flue gas desulfurization. The results afford to use this method to increase efficiency in flue gas desulfurization process and to decrease SO2 emissions into the atmosphere
SARS-CoV-2 Among Infants <90 Days of Age Admitted for Serious Bacterial Infection Evaluation
Authors: Paret Michal , Lalani Karim , Hedari Carine , Jaffer Annum , Narayanan Nisha , Noor Asif , Lighter Jennifer , Madan Rebecca Pellett , Shust Gail F. , Ratner Adam J. , Raabe Vanessa N.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES

To determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in infants hospitalized for a serious bacterial infection (SBI) evaluation and clinically characterize young infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was conducted on infants <90 days of age hospitalized for an SBI evaluation. The study was conducted at 4 inpatient facilities in New York City from March 15, 2020, to December 15, 2020.

RESULTS

We identified 148 SBI evaluation infants who met inclusion criteria. A total of 22 infants (15%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; 31% of infants admitted during periods of high community SARS-CoV-2 circulation tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, compared with 3% when community SARS-CoV-2 circulation was low (P < .001). The mean age of infants with SARS-CoV-2 was higher than that of SARS-CoV-2–negative infants (33 [SD: 17] days vs 23 [SD: 23] days, respectively; P = .03), although no age difference was observed when analysis was limited only to febrile infants. An isolated fever was the most common presentation of SARS-CoV-2 (n = 13; 59%). Admitted infants with SARS-CoV-2 were less likely to have positive urine culture results (n = 1 [5%] versus n = 25 [20%], respectively; P = .002), positive cerebrospinal culture results (n = 0 [0%] versus n = 5 [4%], respectively; P = .02), or be admitted to intensive care (n = 2 [9%] versus n = 47 [37%]; P < .001), compared with infants without SARS-CoV-2.

CONCLUSIONS

SARS-CoV-2 was common among young infants hospitalized for an SBI evaluation during periods of high but not low community SARS-CoV-2 circulation in New York City, although most infants did not require intensive care admission.
Co-infection of Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara canis in different aged dogs: Influence on the haematological indices
Authors: Saichenko I. V. , Antipov A. A. , Bakhur T. I. , Bezditko L. V. , Shmayun S. S.
Published: June 2021

Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara canis are worldwide parasitic nematodes affecting dogs and mammals of the Canine family. Due to the special structure of the shells, the eggs of these geohelminths can maintain their viability in soil, sand, water and the environment for a long time. The study involved young (6–12 months old) and adult (1.5–8.0 years old) dogs affected by co-infection of T. vulpis + T. canis; the control group consisted of dewormed healthy animals of the same age. Parasitological examination of dogs' faeces was performed using a "Counting Chamber for Ovoscopic Researches"; morphological parameters, indicators of nutrient metabolism, mineral metabolism and activity of enzymatic systems were determined in blood and serum. According to the results of parasitological research on the dogs, it was found that young animals are more prone to toxocarosis, and adults – trichurosis. The co-infection of nematodes T. vulpis + T. canis in dogs develops several changes in haematological parameters: a significant decrease in erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and haematocrit, leukocytosis with basophils and eosinophilia in young infected animals; and eosinophilia and basophilia (15.9 times) in adults, compared with healthy dogs of the same age. Among the changes in serum biochemical parameters, young infected dogs showed a decrease in the concentration of total protein and albumin content, an increase in the content of "acute phase" proteins (α-1, α-2 and β-globulins), an increase in cholesterol and total bilirubin; in adult infected dogs, a decrease in albumin content, an increase in the content of α-1, α-2, and β-globulins, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol and total bilirubin, a decrease in the concentration of urea in comparison with healthy animals were determined. Also, among the indicators of mineral metabolism, a decrease in the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the serum was found in young infected dogs. Among the changes in the enzyme metabolism in the serum of infected dogs, there was an increase in the activity of all studied enzymes in animals of both research groups: ALT, AST, α-amylase, GGT and ALP. Thus, co-infection with nematodes T. vulpis + T. canis has a complex pathogenic effect on the body of dogs of all ages, which manifested itself in multiple changes in haematological parameters. In the future, the authors’ team plan to develop comprehensive measures to combat nematode infections in different living conditions of dogs, taking into account the results of the current research.
Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 4 final report assessment of socio-economic and cultural characteristics of Scottish inshore fisheries
Authors:   Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Billing Suzannah-Lynn , Anderson Shannon , Parker Andrew , Eichhorn Martin ,   Imani Development, Vare Lindsay Louise ,   Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Thomson Emily ,   Imani Development
Published: June 2021

[Extract from Executive Summary] The European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) has funded the ‘Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System’ (SIFIDS) project, which aims to integrate data collection and analysis for the Scottish inshore fishing industry. SIFIDS Work Package 4 was tasked with assessing the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of Scottish Inshore Fisheries. The aim was to develop replicable frameworks for collecting and analysing cultural data in combination with defining and analysing already available socio-economic datasets. An overview of the current available socio-economic data is presented and used to identify the data gaps. Primary socio-economic and cultural research was conducted to fill these gaps in order to capture complex cultural, social and economic relationships in a usable and useful manner. Some of the results from this Work Package will be incorporated into the platform that SIFIDS Work Package 6 is building. All primary research conducted within this work package followed the University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI) Research Ethics Framework and was granted Ethical Approval by the UHI Research Ethics Committee under code ETH895.
Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 5 final report identifying fishing activities and their associated drivers
Authors:   University of St Andrews, James Mark , Mendo Tania ,   University of St Andrews, Ladd-Jones Hannah ,   University of St Andrews, McCann Paddy ,   University of St Andrews, Crowe Swithun ,   University of St Andrews, Coram Alexander James ,   University of St Andrews, Northridge Simon ,   University of St Andrews
Published: June 2021

[Extract from Executive Summary] The purpose of this Work Package was to: 1. Define fisher derived data collection parameters. 2. Identify and if possible, develop a quality assured system for the collection of fisher derived anecdotal and experiential information. 3. Develop an appropriate sampling design/method that could be streamed to a relational data resource. 4. Develop risk based management strategies. 5. Investigate applicable techniques/strategies for ‘change management’ regarding accurate voluntary reporting by the industry.
Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 6 final report development of a pilot relational data resource for the collation and interpretation of inshore fisheries data
Authors:   SeaScope Fisheries Research Ltd, Tidd Alexander N. , Ayers Richard A. ,   SeaScope Fisheries Research Ltd, Course Grant P. ,   SeaScope Fisheries Research Ltd, Pasco Guy R. ,   SeaScope Fisheries Research Ltd
Published: June 2021

[Extract from Executive Summary] The competition for space from competing sectors in the coastal waters of Scotland has never been greater and thus there is a growing a need for interactive seascape planning tools that encompass all marine activities. Similarly, the need to gather data to inform decision makers, especially in the fishing industry, has become essential to provide advice on the economic impact on fishing fleets both in terms of alternative conservation measures (e.g. effort limitations, temporal and spatial closures) as well as the overlap with other activities, thereby allowing stakeholders to derive a preferred option. The SIFIDS project was conceived to allow the different relevant data sources to be identified and to allow these data to be collated in one place, rather than as isolated data sets with multiple data owners. The online interactive tool developed as part of the project (Work Package 6) brought together relevant data sets and developed data storage facilities and a user interface to allow various types of user to view and interrogate the data. Some of these data sets were obtained as static layers which could sit as background data e.g. substrate type, UK fishing limits; whilst other data came directly from electronic monitoring systems developed as part of the SIFIDS project. The main non-static data source was Work Package 2, which was collecting data from a sample of volunteer inshore fishing vessels (<12m). This included data on location; time; vessel speed; count, time and position of deployment of strings of creels (or as fleets and pots as they are also known respectively); and a count of how many creels were hauled on these strings. The interactive online tool allowed all the above data to be collated in a specially designed database and displayed in near real time on the web-based application.
Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 7 final report engagement with inshore fisheries to promote and inform
Authors: Orr Kyla , McKnight Ali , Logan Kathryn , Ladd-Jones Hannah
Published: June 2021

[Extract from Executive Summary] This report documents Work Package 7 of the Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data Systems (SIFIDS) Project, which was designed to facilitate engagement with the key stakeholders including; inshore fishers, their representative bodies, Regional Inshore Fisheries Groups, Marine Scotland including Policy, Compliance and Science. The SIFIDS Project focused on 12 metre and under inshore fisheries vessels, of which around 1,500 are registered in Scotland including those that work part-time or seasonally. The facilitation team was set various targets for engagement based on the requirements of other work packages. The success of the overall project was dependent to a significant extent on securing voluntary engagement and input from working fishers. Previous experience has shown that having a dedicated project facilitation team is an extremely effective model for establishing the necessary trust to encourage industry-participation in projects such as this. The WP7 facilitation team comprised three individuals who have significant marine and fisheries related experience and wide-ranging skills in communications and stakeholder engagement. They worked together flexibly on a part-time basis, ensuring staffing cover over extended hours where required to match fishers’ availability and geographical coverage over Scotland.
Workshop report: Driving the transition to a resilient and inclusive future: the role of the ocean and policy coherence
Authors:   Howell Marine Consulting, Greenhill Lucy , Leakey Christopher ,   University of St Andrews, Diz Dani ,   Heriot Watt University
Published: June 2021

Through a programme of activities from January to July 2021, this Scottish Universities Insight Institute (SUII) project seeks to accelerate progress towards the ‘Just Transition’ for an environmentally sustainable, resilient and equitable economy and society in Scotland, within the framework provided by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The programme aims to: 1. Develop our understanding of interdependencies between marine and cross-cutting policy themes to promote policy coherence, promoting synergies and managing trade-offs. 2. Mobilise the science and policy communities in co-developing knowledge for policy impact, including understanding data and evidence needs for innovation and measuring progress.
Efektywność edukacyjna małopolskich liceów – analiza porównawcza
Authors: Osiewalski Jacek , Prędki Artur , Szulik Grzegorz
Published: June 2021

Objective: In the article the authors model and measure the educational efficiency of high schools in Małopolskie Voivodeship, which are treated as microeconomic production units.Research Design & Methods: Two alternative methods of assessment are presented for the proposed educational efficiency measure. In the first, based on the Cobb-Douglas production function, efficiency is modelled using a one-sided random term. The parameters of this model and the efficiency measure are estimated using the corrected ordinary least squares (COLS) method. In the second approach – Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) – efficiency is determined using the optimal value of the objective function of an appropriate linear program. The variables used for the study and the set of data are described.Findings: The results for 34 high schools, obtained using both methods, are moderately similar, but diverge radically from the ranking based on the Educational Value Added (EVA) index used by the Central Examination Board (CEB).Implications / Recommendations: The high schools that lead the press rankings in Małopolskie Voivodeship are not the most efficient institutions in the microeconomic terms. Moreover, the most efficient high schools are located in smaller cities (not in Cracow).Contribution: A new measure of EVA, rooted in the microeconomic approach to schools as production units, is presented and empirically applied. This measure significantly differs from the EVA index used by CEB; in the authors’ opinion, it is clearer and easier to interpret; the efficiency measure based on it makes it possible to rank schools objectively.
Identyfikacja oddziaływania informacji zawartych na opakowaniach kosmetyków na decyzje nabywcze młodych konsumentek
Authors: Bojarczuk Dagmara , Smalej Olga
Published: June 2021

Objective: The article outlines practices connected with shopping for cosmetics and to establish how much knowledge consumers have about the ingredients of the cosmetics they buy and the labels used on them.Research Design & Methods: To diagnose the purchasing behaviour of women on the cosmetics market, a CAWI quantitative study was carried out on a group of 410 respondents between the ages of 18–48.Findings: The analysis show that the knowledge of consumers about the ingredients in cosmetic products and the labels used on them has improved over the years, but still remains at an average level.Implications / Recommendations: The data collected and the conclusions drawn from them make it possible to identify the most appropriate marketing tools for the cosmetic market for the consumer group of young women.Contribution: The article diagnoses the consumer attitudes of women shopping on the contemporary cosmetics market, which is rich in new products and innovations. The article also indicates recommendations for how cosmetic product manufacturers could approach the market.
Fiscal and Social Effectiveness Assessment of the Personal Income Tax Reform in Russia
Authors:   The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Balatsky E. V. , Ekimova N. A. ,   The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The reform of personal income tax (PIT) that began in 2021, consisting in the introduction of a progressive scale with a rate of 15% on incomes of over 5 million rubles a year instead of the previously established 13%, assumes a preliminary economic assessment. The purpose of the article is to develop and test analytical coefficients for assessing the fiscal and social effectiveness of the income tax reform. For this purpose, global (macroeconomic) and local (industry-level, project-level) performance indicators are introduced. As a global fiscal efficiency measure, it is proposed to use the ratio of additional budget revenue generated by the introduction of a progressive personal income tax scale to public expenditures (the expenditure part of the consolidated budget). If the received amount of additional budget revenue from the introduction of the progressive personal income tax scale is more than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP), then the reform has the property of global fiscal efficiency; otherwise, the fiscal effect of the reform is considered insignificant. Similarly, the concept of a global indicator of social efficiency is introduced in the form of the share of the change in the coefficient of funds before and after the tax reform to the original value of the coefficient of funds. Then the following heuristic rule can be used: if the coefficient of funds after the introduction of the progressive personal income tax scale changes by more than 25% compared to its value before the reform, then the tax reform itself has the property of global social efficiency; otherwise, the social effect of the reform is considered insignificant. If the additional revenue received thanks to the reform makes it possible to multiply the socially significant areas of the national project «Healthсare», then the reform has the property of local social and fiscal efficiency. The calculations carried out using data from the international database World Inequality Database allowed us to make the following conclusions. The initiated personal income tax reform does not have the properties of global fiscal and social efficiency, but it is important for the fundamental acceleration of the national project «Healthсare». This allows us to speak about its local social and fiscal efficiency. The proposed analytical tools can be used in the system of state regulation in the design of tax reforms.
Impact of Short-Term Exogenous Shocks on Taxpayer Behavior and Tax Evasion
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Molodykh V. A.
Published: June 2021

The evolution of views on tax evasion following the introduction of limited rationality and social and psychological factors into the models of taxpayer behavior has increased the plausibility of the initial assumptions of the models, but it has made it difficult to use classical approaches based on the search for equilibrium states. The variety of behavioral responses of taxpayers due to the many factors that influence their choice has led to the fact that tax evasion has come to be considered as the result of nonlinear and dynamic interactions between the state and taxpayers. In such models, small short-term external influences can act as shocks, which leads to the emergence of a wide range of different long-term trends, the analysis of which within the framework of traditional approaches is difficult. In this regard, the purpose of this review study is to study the evolution of views on the behavior of taxpayers that has led to the emergence of new approaches to modeling tax evasion where the key role is assigned to the analysis of the impact of external shocks of various scales and nature. The research hypothesis is that modern approaches to the study of tax evasion problems make it necessary to consider the interaction of the state and taxpayers within the framework of the theory of non-equilibrium and nonlinear systems in which minor external influences can play the role of shocks, and the most promising direction of their study is the use of agent-based modeling tools. The results of the study confirm that the use of agent-based models is a promising approach for integrating existing approaches in the study of tax evasion processes. The proposed concept of building an agent-based model for analyzing the processes of tax evasion allows us to answer the question of how short-term exogenous shocks will affect the preferences of taxpayers, taking into account their individual characteristics and accepted behavioral patterns in society.
Review of Successful Practices of Applying Nowcasting in Socio-Economic Forecasting
Authors:   The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Firsov D. V. , Chernysheva T. C. ,   The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

A necessary competence in the present-day reality is the ability to analyze big data in the economy, and therefore one of the key issues is the choice of tools for such analysis. One of the most promising tools is nowcasting, which allows you to accurately determine economic changes in very short time periods. The aim of the study is to analyze successful modern practices of using nowcasting for statistical forecasting of socio-economic indicators. The hypothesis of the research lies in the assumption that nowcasting as a method of macroeconomic analysis can in the near future become a worthy alternative to traditional methods of analysis and statistical forecasting of indicators of socio-economic development, increasing the accuracy of their forecasting. The methodological basis of the study was the scientific works and applied developments of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of economic forecasting using statistics of search queries, as well as methods of comparative and statistical analysis, and the systematic approach. The novelty of the results obtained lies in the systematization and description of successful practices of using nowcasting and forecasting indicators using query statistics. The study highlights the basic principle of nowcasting, which is to obtain a more accurate assessment of the state of the economy as new data becomes available. It also describes the key statistical models used as tools for testing in foreign countries. As a result of the study, we highlight the importance of the analysis of statistical search queries, especially in the context of their correlation with classical survey metrics and general statistics. It is in an active phase of development, especially within the framework of the domestic forecasting practice. The results obtained can be applied both in a corporate environment and in the public sector to build macroeconomic forecasts.
Physical and chemical properties, pectinases activity, and cell wall pectin of Acidulus, Momordica, Inodorus and Cantalupensis melons with different ripening degree at harvest
Authors: PONTES Felipe M. , SARMENTO José D. A. , De A. MELO Naama J. , De MEDEIROS Erika V. , MORAIS Patrícia L. D. , de S. NUNES Glauber H.
Published: June 2021

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physical and chemical changes, pectinases activity, and cell wall pectin in melon varieties Acidulus (access 16), Momordica (access 2), Inodorus (cv. ‘Iracema’) and Cantalupensis (cv. ‘Olympic’), in the relation of ripening degree at harvest. Melon fruits were planted and evaluated with different ripening degree at harvest, from 15 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA). The fruits, arranged in a completely randomized design, had been evaluated on the harvest days to physical and chemical characteristics. We evaluate pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, beta-galactosidase, and pectin contents (water-soluble, chelate soluble, and sodium carbonate soluble). The ideal harvest for each melon was, 35 days after anthesis for cv ‘Iracema’, 30 days after anthesis for cv. ‘Olympic’, 30 days after anthesis for access 16, and 20 days after anthesis for access 2. High pulp firmness of access 16 is associated with the high levels of sodium carbonate soluble pectin and low levels of polygalacturonase and beta-galactosidase activity. Momordica melon fruit cracking is related to the high levels of pectinases activity, as well as pectin degradation.