bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensor selection and tool wear prediction with data‐driven models for precision machining
Authors: Han Seulki , Yang Qian , Pattipati Krishna R. , Bollas George M.
Published: August 2022

Estimation of tool wear in precision machining is vital in the traditional subtractive machining industry to reduce processing cost, improve manufacturing efficiency and product quality. In this vein, fusion of time and frequency‐domain features of commonly sensed signals can provide an early indication of tool wear and improve its prediction accuracy for prognostics and health management. This paper presents a data‐driven methodology and a complete tool chain for the inference of precision machining tool wear from fused machine measurements, such as cutting force, power, audio and vibration signals, and quantify the usefulness of each measurement. Indicators of tool wear are extracted from time‐domain signal statistics, frequency‐domain analysis, and time‐frequency domain analysis. Correlation coefficients between the extracted features (indicators) and the tool wear are used to select the most informative features. Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least‐Squares are used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space. Regression models, including linear regression, support vector regression, Decision tree regression, neural network regression and Gaussian process regression, are used to predict the tool wear using data from a Haas milling machine performing spiral boss face milling. The performance of the regression models based on subsets of sensors validates the preliminary estimates about the saliency of the sensors. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can predict the machine tool wear precisely, with readily available sensor measurements. Neural network and Gaussian process regression were able to achieve good estimates of tool wear at different machine operating conditions. The most informative signal in predicting tool wear was shown to be the vibration signal. Time‐frequency domain features were the most informative features among the combination of features of three domains. In addition, using partial least squares components extracted from the original features of signals led to higher prediction accuracy.
Enhanced thermal stability and impact strength of phenolic formaldehyde resin using acid‐treated basalt scales
Authors: Li Yan‐Chun , Tang Kai‐Jun , Jin Fan‐Long , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: August 2022

In this study, phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin‐based composites were prepared using basalt scale (BS) as a reinforcing agent via a melting‐blending method. The BS surface was treated with hydrochloric acid, and the surface properties were characterized using thermal field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Moreover, the influence of acid‐treated BS (H‐BS) content on the thermal properties, flexural properties, impact strength, and morphology of PF/H‐BS composites was investigated. The thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the composites increased significantly with the increasing H‐BS content. The impact strength tests indicated that the impact strength of the composite with 15 wt% H‐BS was 0.66 kJ/m2, which is 153% higher than that of pristine PF. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the PF/H‐BS composites exhibit rough morphology with numerous microcracks.
Lifetime‐Based Responsive Probes: Design and Applications in Biological Analysis
Authors: Jia Hui , Liu Yiheng , Hu Jing‐Jing , Li Guogang , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan
Published: August 2022

With the development of modern biomedicine, biological analysis and detection are very important in disease diagnosis, detection of curative effect, prognosis and prediction of tumor recurrence. Compared with the currently widely used optical probes based on intensity signals, the lifetime signal does not depend on the influence of conditions such as the concentration of luminophore, tissue penetration depth and measurement method. Therefore, biological detection methods based on lifetime‐based responsive probes have attracted great attention from the scientific community. Here, we briefly review the key advances in lifetime‐based responsive probes in recent years (2017–2022). The review focuses on the design strategies of lifetime‐based responsive probes and the research progress of their applications in the field of bioanalysis, and discusses the challenges they face. We hope it will further promote the development of lifetime‐based responsive probes in the field of bioanalysis.
UHPLC–MS/MS‐based method for quantification of verinurad in rat plasma and its application in a bioavailability study
Authors: Guo Ziyu , Yuan Wenjing , Zhu Xinru , Jiang Zhenzhou , Zhang Zunjian , Huang Xin
Published: August 2022

A rapid and sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for the quantification of verinurad in rat plasma. Lesinurad was used as an internal standard (IS), and simple protein precipitation was utilized to prepare the analytes from the matrix. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of water with 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (B) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The short run time of 4 min made it possible to analyze more than 300 samples per day. The ion transitions were quantified in negative mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of 347.1 → 261.1 for verinurad and 404.2 → 178.9 for the IS. The validated linear ranges of verinurad were 10–5000 ng/mL in rat plasma. The validated UHPLC–MS/MS method was further applied to the pharmacokinetic study of verinurad in rat plasma after intragastric (2 mg/kg) and intravenous (1 mg/kg) administrations. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that verinurad showed high clearance and high bioavailability (78.1%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the bioavailability study of verinurad.
Cyclopeptide Alkaloids from Discaria chacaye (Rhamnaceae) as Result of Symbiosis with Frankia (Actinomycetales)
Authors: Quiroz‐Carreño Soledad , Muñoz‐Nuñez Evelyn , Silva Fabiana L. , Devotto‐Moreno Luis , Seigler David S. , Pastene‐Navarrete Edgar , Cespedes‐Acuña Carlos L. , Alarcon‐Enos Julio
Published: August 2022

Cyclopeptide alkaloids with different biological activities are present in plants of the family Rhamnaceae. Plants of this family grow in a symbiotic relationship with aerobic Gram‐positive actinomycetes belonging to the genus Frankia. This goal of this research was a study of the comparative profile of alkaloids present in Discaria chacaye and to establish a connection between the presence or absence of Frankia sp. and the alkaloids. In addition, insecticidal activities of the alkaloidal extract were examined. A total of 24 alkaloids were identified, of which 12 have a benzylisoquinoline skeleton, 9 were cyclopeptides, 2 isoquinolines, and 1 aporphine. The presence of cyclopeptide alkaloids is associated with Frankia nodules in the plant root. The alkaloid extracts showed insecticidal activity with mortality dose‐dependence and LD50 values between 44 to 71 μg/mL.
Microstructural evolution of amorphous self‐healing geopolymer composites containing alumina and glass frit
Authors: Keane Patrick , Jacob Rhys , Belusko Martin , Kriven Waltraud M. , Stanford Nikki , Bruno Frank
Published: August 2022

Geopolymer refers to a large group of nanoporous, nanoparticulate materials that are synthesized by dissolution and polycondensation of aluminosilicates in basic solutions and can be made from a variety of starting materials, such as industrial waste ash, volcanic rock, or calcined clay. Geopolymers are X‐ray amorphous, corrosion resistant, refractory, and made at ambient temperature and pressure similar to cements. In this study, potassium metakaolin‐based geopolymer (KGP) composites containing alumina platelets and glass frit were fabricated, and the impact of heating temperature, dwell time, and heating/cooling rate on the microstructure was studied. The composites, heat treated up to 900°C for up to 20 h using heating/cooling rates of up to 1°C/min, showed that the addition of alumina platelets prevented major microcracking and was also able to reduce linear shrinkage. Glass frit has been shown to heal microcracks formed during KGP dehydration and crystallization. The resulting material had an open porosity of less than 1% and a uniform surface glaze of 250 μm thickness, while Oswald ripening of round closed pores occurred due to the migration of molten glass in the system.
Terminal N2 Dissociation in [(PNN)Fe(N2)]2(μ‐N2) Leads to Local Spin‐State Changes and Augmented Bridging N2 Activation
Authors: Regenauer Nicolas I. , Wadepohl Hubert , Roşca Dragoş‐Adrian
Published: August 2022

Nitrogen fixation at iron centres is a fundamental catalytic step for N2 utilisation, relevant to biological (nitrogenase) and industrial (Haber‐Bosch) processes. This step is coupled with important electronic structure changes which are currently poorly understood. We show here for the first time that terminal dinitrogen dissociation from iron complexes that coordinate N2 in a terminal and bridging fashion leaves the Fe‐N2‐Fe unit intact but significantly enhances the degree of N2 activation (Δν≈180 cm−1, Raman spectroscopy) through charge redistribution. The transformation proceeds with local spin state change at the iron centre (S=
→S=3/2). Further dissociation of the bridging N2 can be induced under thermolytic conditions, triggering a disproportionation reaction, from which the tetrahedral (PNN)2Fe could be isolated. This work shows that dinitrogen activation can be induced in the absence of external chemical stimuli such as reducing agents or Lewis acids.
Mental health disorders are more common in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and may negatively impact overall survival
Authors: Tao Randa , Chen Yuji , Kim Seungmin , Ocier Krista , Lloyd Shane , Poppe Matthew M. , Lee Catherine J. , Glenn Martha J. , Smith Ken R. , Fraser Alison , Deshmukh Vikrant , Newman Michael G. , Snyder John , Rowe Kerry G. , Gaffney David K. , Haaland Ben , Hashibe Mia
Published: August 2022

Background

Long‐term mental health outcomes were characterized in patients who were diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and risk factors for the development of mental health disorders were identified.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with HL between 1997 and 2014 were identified in the Utah Cancer Registry. Each patient was matched with up to five individuals from a general population cohort identified within the Utah Population Database, a unique source of linked records that includes patient and demographic data.

Results

In total, 795 patients who had HL were matched with 3575 individuals from the general population. Compared with the general population, patients who had HL had a higher risk of any mental health diagnosis (hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.57–2.00). Patients with HL had higher risks of anxiety, depression, substance‐related disorders, and suicide and intentional self‐inflicted injuries compared with the general population. The main risk factor associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with mental health disorders was undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with a hazard ratio of 2.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.53–2.76). The diagnosis of any mental health disorder among patients with HL was associated with a detrimental impact on overall survival; the 10‐year overall survival rate was 70% in patients who had a mental health diagnosis compared with 86% in those patients without a mental health diagnosis (p < .0001).

Conclusions

Patients who had HL had an increased risk of various mental health disorders compared with a matched general population. The current data illustrate the importance of attention to mental health in HL survivorship, particularly for patients who undergo therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Neighborhood rough set based multi‐label feature selection with label correlation
Authors: Wu Yilin , Liu Jinghua , Yu Xiehua , Lin Yaojin , Li Shaozi
Published: August 2022

Neighborhood rough set (NRS) is considered as an effective tool for feature selection and has been widely used in processing high‐dimensional data. However, most of the existing methods are difficult to deal with multi‐label data and are lack of considering label correlation (LC), which is an important issue in multi‐label learning. Therefore, in this article, we introduce a new NRS model with considering LC. First, we explore LC by calculating the similarity relation between labels and divide the related labels into several label subsets. Then, a new neighborhood relation is proposed, which can solve the problem of neighborhood granularity selection by using the nearest neighbor information distribution of instances under the related labels. On this basis, the NRS model is reconstructed by embedding LC information, and the related properties of the model are discussed. Moreover, we design a new feature significance function to evaluate the quality of features, which can well capture the specific relationship between features and labels. Finally, a greedy forward feature selection algorithm is designed. Extensive experiments which are conducted on different types of datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Sea lion attacking‐based deer hunting optimization algorithm for dynamic nurse scheduling in health care sector contribution of hybrid algorithm in cloud
Authors: Sarkar Paramita , Aryan Ayush , Chaki Rituparna
Published: August 2022

The main intent of this article is to frame the dynamic NSP in the cloud using a multi‐objective optimization strategy. The benefit of the dynamic scheduling over static scheduling is that the scheduling will be done week by week based on the available number of nurses. For solving this problem, several constraints like single assignment per day, under‐staffing, shift type successions, consecutive assignments, consecutive resting days, and complete week‐end are considered. With reference to these constraints, a minimized objective function is used based on the nurse demand in week by week. Each constraint is having some conditions for solving this problem. These schedules are stored in cloud for efficient decision making regarding NSP and it helps in assisting the future scheduling purposes. It also offers secure storage when compared to the other storage devices. As a novelty, this article tries to employ the hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm called sea lion attacking‐based deer hunting optimization algorithm. Hybrid optimization algorithms have been reported to be promising for certain search problems with a higher convergence rate. Hence, the developed hybrid optimization algorithm hardly helps to generate a feasible and near‐optimal schedule at the end of the horizon.
Coherent Intramolecular Excimer Formation in Solid [2,2]‐Paracyclophane: Time‐Resolved Springing of a Molecular “Trap”
Authors: Haggag Omer S. , Levinsky Noam , Ruhman Sanford
Published: August 2022

Impulsive UV excitation unleashes violent wave packet motions in [2,2]‐paracyclophane (2PC) due to relief of ground state inter‐ring repulsion. Contrary to theoretical predictions for the benzene excimer, transient absorption spectroscopy in oriented single crystals and in liquid THF demonstrates that excited 2PC absorbs visible light polarized along all three molecular axes. Absorption polarized perpendicular to the aromatic rings is deeply modulated in time by the ∼0.5 Å of light induced inter‐ring breathing providing changes in potential energy gaps and dipole strengths during coherent intramolecular excimer formation. Overlapping transitions to several higher electronic states and strong non‐Condon effects contribute to the modulating spectra. These insights prove current understanding of the simplest archetypal organic excimer is fundamentally flawed and provide the basis for testing improved electronic structure models. It is hard to overestimate the significance of achieving such improved understanding given the impact of excimers and exciplexes on all aspects of organic molecular photophysics.
A single‐switch high step‐up Zero Current Switching DC‐DC converter based on three‐winding coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cells with quasi resonant operation
Authors: Abbasian Sohrab , Farsijani Mohammad
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a nonisolated high step‐up soft switching DC/DC converter with continuous input and output energy, low input current ripple, and low voltage stress of semiconductors. In this topology, passive clamping circuits are used not only to recycle leakage energy but also to successfully alleviate voltage spikes on the active MOSFET. The leakage inductor, on the other hand, solves the output diode's reverse recovery problem effectively. Furthermore, output capacitors are connected in series to supply the output load, resulting in a smaller output capacitor volume. The suggested topology's operational theory, as well as steady‐state analyses, is thoroughly explored. The proposed topology's voltage gain and switch stress are then compared with that of some high‐gain topologies. After this, a prototype circuit with a 20 V input voltage, 340 V output voltage, and 200 W output power is designed to test the proposed topology's accuracy.
P301S‐hTau acetylates KEAP1 to trigger synaptic toxicity via inhibiting NRF2/ARE pathway: A novel mechanism underlying hTau‐induced synaptic toxicities
Authors: Xie Jia‐Zhao , Zhang Yao , Li Shi‐Hong , Wei Hui , Yu Hui‐Ling , Zhou Qiu‐Zhi , Wei Lin‐Yu , Ke Dan , Wang Qun , Yang Ying , Wang Jian‐Zhi
Published: August 2022

Background

Human Tau (hTau) accumulation and synapse loss are two pathological hallmarks of tauopathies. However, whether and how hTau exerts toxic effects on synapses remain elusive.

Methods

Mutated hTau (P301S) was overexpressed in the N2a cell line, primary hippocampal neurons and hippocampal CA3. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to examine the protein and mRNA levels of synaptic proteins. The protein interaction was tested by co‐immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Memory and emotion status were evaluated by a series of behavioural tests. The transcriptional activity of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay and chromosome immunoprecipitation were conducted to examine the combination of NRF2 to specific anti‐oxidative response element (ARE) sequences. Neuronal morphology was analysed after Golgi staining.

Results

Overexpressing P301S decreased the protein levels of post‐synaptic density protein 93 (PSD93), PSD95 and synapsin 1 (SYN1). Simultaneously, NRF2 was decreased, whereas Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) was elevated. Further, we found that NRF2 could bind to the specific AREs of DLG2, DLG4 and SYN1 genes, which encode PSD93, PSD95 and SYN1, respectively, to promote their expression. Overexpressing NRF2 ameliorated P301S‐reduced synaptic proteins and synapse. By means of acetylation at K312, P301S increased the protein level of KEAP1 via inhibiting KEAP1 degradation from ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, thereby decreasing NRF2 and reducing synapse. Blocking the P301S–KEAP1 interaction at K312 rescued the P301S‐suppressed expression of synaptic proteins and memory deficits with anxiety efficiently.

Conclusions

P301S‐hTau could acetylate KEAP1 to trigger synaptic toxicity via inhibiting the NRF2/ARE pathway. These findings provide a novel and potential target for the therapeutic intervention of tauopathies.
Screening of cell‐virus, cell‐cell, gene‐gene crosstalk among animal kingdom at single cell resolution
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Ou Zhihua , Zhu Jiacheng , Wang Haoyu , Ding Peiwen , Luo Lihua , Ding Xiangning , Sun Chengcheng , Lan Tianming , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Wu Weiying , Yuan Yuting , Wu Wendi , Qiu Jiaying , Zhu Yixin , Yue Qizhen , Jia Yi , Wei Yanan , Qin Qiuyu , Li Runchu , Zhao Wandong , Lv Zhiyuan , Pu Mingyi , Lv Boqiong , Yang Shangchen , Chang Ashley , Wei Xiaofeng , Chen Fengzhen , Yang Tao , Wei Zhenyong , Yang Fan , Zhang Peijing , Guo Guoji , Li Yuejiao , Hua Yan , Liu Huan
Published: August 2022

Background

The exact animal origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains obscure and understanding its host range is vital for preventing interspecies transmission.

Methods

Herein, we applied single‐cell sequencing to multiple tissues of 20 species (30 data sets) and integrated them with public resources (45 data sets covering 26 species) to expand the virus receptor distribution investigation. While the binding affinity between virus and receptor is essential for viral infectivity, understanding the receptor distribution could predict the permissive organs and tissues when infection occurs.

Results

Based on the transcriptomic data, the expression profiles of receptor or associated entry factors for viruses capable of causing respiratory, blood, and brain diseases were described in detail. Conserved cellular connectomes and regulomes were also identified, revealing fundamental cell‐cell and gene‐gene cross‐talks from reptiles to humans.

Conclusions

Overall, our study provides a resource of the single‐cell atlas of the animal kingdom which could help to identify the potential host range and tissue tropism of viruses and reveal the host‐virus co‐evolution.
Performance analysis of 400 Gbit/s hybrid space division multiplexing‐polarization division multiplexing‐coherent detection‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based free‐space optics transmission system
Authors: Samuthira Pandi V. , Singh Mehtab , Grover Amit , Malhotra Jyoteesh , Singh Sandeep
Published: August 2022

A high‐capacity free‐space optics‐based terrestrial communication link using spectral‐efficient space division multiplexing and polarization division multiplexing techniques has been proposed in this research work. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with the use of coherent detection has been proposed for the transmission of quadrature amplitude modulated high‐speed signals. Eight independent 50‐Gbit/s data streams are transported by two orthogonal polarization states (X and Y) of four distinct Hermite–Gaussian spatial modes to increase the transmission rate of the link to 400 Gbit/s over a single channel. Through numerical simulations, we report feasible transportation of 400‐Gbit/s information at 10 km under clear weather with faithful performance. Further, the impact of atmospheric scintillation and fog weather has been evaluated using simulations. The results report that the maximum range reduces to 6 km under clear weather in the presence of strong atmospheric scintillation. Moreover, the maximum range of 2000, 1700, and 1300 m is reported for light, moderate, and heavy fog conditions respectively.
Make neurodiversity central to design decisions
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2022

Lights that vibrate, acoustics that make it hard to hear what's relevant, and smells from being close to other people or foods are challenges for students with autism and other sensory disorders, said Wendy Ross, Director of the Center for Autism and Neurodiversity at Thomas Jefferson University. They can make attending class or walking across campus distracting and uncomfortable, and may impede student success.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Indolizidines
Authors: Fraňová Paula , Marchalín Štefan
Published: August 2022

Since their discovery, polyhydroxylated indolizidines have been the focus of attention for both biologists and synthetic chemists. They are classified as iminosugar alkaloids: nitrogen‐based carbohydrate mimetics that are potent inhibitors of glycosidases. Many discovered glycosidase inhibitors were found to possess biological activity, and they are therefore considered to be potential therapeutics in the treatment of various diseases such as viral infections, diabetes, or cancer. Not surprisingly, the interest in the preparation of these substances has been enormous. This review presents the latest developments in the synthesis of naturally occurring polyhydroxylated indolizidines and their synthetic enantiomers. In addition, the synthesis of several novel polyhydroxylated indolizidines, which were discovered to have inhibitory activity, is reported.
Human herpesvirus 6 DNA was not detected in a brain specimen from a patient with mesial temporal sclerosis after status epilepticus due to human herpesvirus 6 infection
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiki , Maesawa Satoshi , Numoto Shingo , Saito Ryuta , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Okumura Akihisa
Published: August 2022

We performed virological analysis of resected brain tissues from a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis after febrile status epilepticus caused by human herpesvirus 6 infection. The patient had febrile status epilepticus at 9 months of age associated with human herpesvirus 6 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed reduced water diffusion in the right temporal lobe and hippocampus. Polymerase chain reaction analysis detected 1.6 × 105 copies/μg of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in whole blood, but none in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient developed temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis at 67 months of age, necessitating surgical treatment. Anterior temporal lobectomy was performed at 171 months of age. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis of resected brain tissues revealed no viral DNA. In our patient, human herpesvirus 6 infection triggered febrile status epilepticus, while direct evidence to prove contribution of HHV‐6 to the development of MTS was not obtained.
Comparative analysis of fuel consumption and CO2 emission estimation based on ships activity and reported fuel consumption: the case of short sea shipping in Crete
Authors: Doundoulakis Emmanouil , Papaefthimiou Spiros
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions estimation and actual fuel consumption. A few years ago, detailed actual fuel consumption reports were collected from ship owners for determining the expenses on each trip but these reports were not publicly available. Nowadays ship owners report specific data including fuel consumption and CO2 emissions as per the requirements of EU MRV regulation. As a consequence, EMSA/MRV‐THETIS database is publicly available and provides annual reports of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The current study follows the bottom‐up methodology presented in detail in a recent publication where the fuel–energy consumption and air emissions (CO2, SOX, NOX, PM) of ships were calculated and presented for previous years. A detailed comparative analysis of results from calculated methodology and reported emissions data from EMSA/MRV‐THETIS database (MRV) was performed, which showed that there was a small difference in the results (about 6–12%), proving the reliability of the bottom‐up methodology for this geographic area and ships in study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late‐Triassic high‐Mg andesite from the Zhangguangcai Range (NEChina): Hydrous melting of depleted mantle wedge in active continental margin
Authors: Zheng Guoshun , Qin Jiangfeng , Lai Shaocong , Long Xiaoping , Ju Yinjuan , Zhang Zezhong , Zhang Hongbing
Published: August 2022

The Zhangguangcai Range is located in the junction zone of the Palaeo‐Asian and Palaeo‐Pacific tectonic regimes; Mesozoic igneous rocks in this area are considered to have been formed in an active continental margin, which is related to the western subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent. However, the nature of the mantle wedge and related melting mechanism remains unclear. This paper reports zircon U–Pb data, whole‐rock geochemistry, and zircon Lu–Hf isotope for a Late‐Triassic high‐Mg andesite in the southern part of the Zhangguangcai Range. Zircons from the andesite yield a concordant206Pb/238U age of 218.6 ± 3.3 Ma, which is contemporary with the diorite in the study area. The Lengshan high‐Mg andesite is characterized by moderate SiO2(57.30–60.15 wt.%), high Mg# (61–67), Al2O3(15.05–17.35 wt.%), (La/Yb)N(16.9–22.4), and variable Na2O/K2O (1.06–1.59). Its insignificant Eu negative anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.88–0.99) and high Sr/Y (68.4–96.4) may prove the existence of garnet or amphibole in the residual melt, where feldspar is more or less absent. The andesite is enriched in Rb, Ba and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, and other high‐field‐strength elements, with Nb/Ta ratios of 14.6–17.2, U/Th ratios of 0.28–0.31. In combination with its depleted zircon Lu–Hf isotopic compositions (e.g.,εHf(t) = −0.48 to +13.1), it is proposed that the high‐Mg andesite formed by hydrous melting of the mantle wedge, which was metasomatized by slab‐derived adakitic melts. The subsequent assimilation of ancient crust results in the formation of some zircons with negative Eu*/Eu anomalies (0.05–0.1) andεHf(t) values (−13.8 to −18.5), which is approved by the relative evolved whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotopic compositions.
The diagnostic yield of head and neck imaging in symptomatic patients with a normal clinical examination
Authors: Goodfellow Michael , Lim Christian , Tustin Harry , Mentias Youssef , Cocks Helen
Published: August 2022

Aim

Nationally, concern has been raised about the overuse of diagnostic testing. In patients with unilateral otalgia and no history of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC), 1% had a malignancy detected on imaging that was not detected on clinical examination.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of “MRI soft tissue neck” scans performed at our hospital from May 2020 to May 2021. Patients were excluded if their scan was not ordered for HNC symptoms. Previous HNC patients undergoing follow‐up imaging were also included.

Results

In total, 326 scan requests were analyzed. Of the 132 patients without clinical features of overt disease, only one received a new diagnosis of HNC. This patient had previously had a HNC and was undergoing routine follow‐up imaging.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that performing MRI scans in symptomatic patients with a normal examination, FNE, and no history of HNC does not benefit the diagnosis or management of these patients.
Prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm show anxiolytic‐like changes during periaqueductal‐elicited “panic” in rats
Authors: Silva Carlos , Young Calvin K. , McNaughton Neil
Published: August 2022

Anxiety and panic are both elicited by threat and co‐occur clinically. But, at the neural level, anxiety appears to inhibit the generation of panic; and vice versa. Anxiety and panic are thought to engage more anterior (a) and mid‐posterior (m) parts of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), respectively. Anxiety also engages the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we tested if mPAG but not aPAG stimulation would suppress prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm as do anxiolytic drugs. Twelve male rats with implanted electrodes were stimulated alternately (30 s interval) in the left PAG or right reticular formation (reticularis pontis oralis [RPO]—as a positive control) with recording in the left prelimbic cortex and left and right hippocampus. PAG stimulation was set to produce freezing and RPO to produce 7–8 Hz theta rhythm before tests lasting 10 min on each of 5 days. mPAG stimulation decreased, and aPAG increased, theta power at all sites during elicited freezing. mPAG, but not aPAG, stimulation decreased prefrontal theta frequency. Stimulation did not substantially change circuit dynamics (pairwise phase consistency and partial directed coherence). Together with previous reports, our data suggest that panic‐ and anxiety‐control systems are mutually inhibitory, and neural separation of anxiety and panic extends down to the aPAG and mPAG, respectively. Our findings are consistent with recent proposals that fear and anxiety are controlled by parallel neural hierarchies extending from PAG to the prefrontal cortex.
Cold agglutinin anti‐I antibodies in two patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Imoto Hiroharu , Yoshioka Satoshi , Nakagawa Daishi , Hasegawa Kohei , Kuroda Hirokazu , Hasuike Toshikazu , Doi Asako , Kusumoto Toshiko , Ishikawa Takayuki
Published: August 2022

Background

Cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) is associated with various diseases. Several studies of CAS associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) reported hemolytic anemia and thrombosis; however, the clinical significance of cold agglutinins (CA) in patients with COVID‐19 is unclear. Here, we present two cases of CA identified in the context of COVID‐19 without hemolytic anemia and clotting.

Case report and Discussion

Two patients with no known risk factors for CA were diagnosed with COVID‐19; peripheral blood smears reveal red blood cells (RBCs) agglutination. These patients showed a high CA titer. We confirmed retrospectively that the CA was an anti‐I antibody. The two COVID‐19 cases with a high CA titer showed no hemolysis or thrombosis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is known to cause CAS, but not all patients who have a high CA titer show hemolysis. Coagulation abnormalities are documented in severe COVID‐19 cases. Although CA increases the risk of thrombosis in those with lymphoproliferative diseases, the role of anti‐I antibodies in COVID‐19 is unclear. The impact of CAS on clinical presentations in COVID‐19 remains a matter of verification.

Conclusions

A high CA titer was identified in COVID‐19 patients without hemolytic anemia and clotting. Anti‐I antibodies were identified. Further studies are required to clarify the pathophysiology of CA in COVID‐19.
Risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A systematic review
Authors: Kavanagh Robert , Rafiq Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Nasar
Published: August 2022

Background

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent childhood disorders. This condition is characterized by impulsive behaviour, restlessness and lack of concentration. Various researchers have come up with diverse conclusions concerning the risk factors of ADHD.

Objective

However, there is a need for a comprehensive review to understand the risk factors associated with the development of ADHD.

Methods

For this, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA), the methodology was used to extract the findings.

Results

The finding suggests that there are a variety of risk factors associated with women that may be responsible for the development of ADHD among children. The main four risk factors are antibiotics use in early life, insufficient omega 3 and 6 in the body, disruption of gut microbiota and irregular circadian rhythm. These factors, which are discussed in‐depth in the review, include factors that affect the development of the brain in children.

Conclusion

This review concludes that a variety of risk factors may contribute to the development of ADHD. Further, this review highlights not only the importance of metabolic physiological but also the importance of biopsychological aspects that leads to the development of ADHD among children. Studies should be conducted to check the impact of such factors holistically to minimize the risk of ADHD.
Comparison of colonic stenting and stoma creation as palliative treatment for incurable malignant colonic obstruction
Authors: Pattarajierapan Sukit , Manomayangoon Chatiyaporn , Tipsuwannakul Panat , Khomvilai Supakij
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim

Self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) is a favorable therapeutic option for patients with incurable malignant colonic obstruction (MCO). However, their long‐term efficacy and safety compared with those of stoma creation have not been well investigated. This study aimed to compare these long‐term outcomes between these two techniques in patients with incurable MCO.

Methods

This retrospective cohort included patients with incurable MCO with SEMS insertion (n = 105) and stoma creation (n = 97) between January 2009 and December 2019. The primary outcomes were patency after the procedure and 1‐year re‐intervention rates.

Results

The patency of the SEMS group was lower than that of the stoma group (88.9 vs 93.2% at 6 months, 84.1 vs 90.5% at 12 months, and 65.8 vs 90.5% at 18 months; log‐rank test, P = 0.024), but 1‐year re‐intervention rates were not different between the groups (10 vs 8%, P = 0.558). The median patency durations were 190 days for SEMS insertion and 231 days for stoma creation. Majority (84%) of SEMS patients did not require any re‐intervention until death. The early complication rate did not differ between the groups (P = 0.377), but SEMS insertion had fewer late minor complications than stoma creation (5 vs 22%, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

SEMS insertion is a safe and effective treatment for patients with incurable MCO. Although SEMS insertion had a lower patency than stoma creation, especially after 1 year, the 1‐year re‐intervention rates were not different, and SEMS durability was sufficient in most patients.
Prospective of 31P MR Spectroscopy in Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Seelen Leonard W. F. , van den Wildenberg Lieke , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus A. A. , Mohammad Nadia Haj , Molenaar I. Quintus , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Prompers Jeanine J. , Klomp Dennis W. J.
Published: August 2022

Background

The incidence of liver and pancreatic cancer is rising. Patients benefit from current treatments, but there are limitations in the evaluation of (early) response to treatment. Tumor metabolic alterations can be measured noninvasively with phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Purpose

To conduct a quantitative analysis of the available literature on 31P MRS performed in hepatopancreatobiliary cancer and to provide insight into its current and potential for therapy (non‐) response assessment.

Population

Patients with hepatopancreatobiliary cancer.

Field Strength/Sequence

31P MRS.

Assessment

The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for studies published to 17 March 17, 2022. All 31P MRS studies in hepatopancreatobiliary cancer reporting 31P metabolite levels were included.

Statistical Tests

Relative differences in 31P metabolite levels/ratios between patients before therapy and healthy controls, and the relative changes in 31P metabolite levels/ratios in patients before and after therapy were determined.

Results

The search yielded 10 studies, comprising 301 subjects, of whom 132 (44%) healthy volunteers and 169 (56%) patients with liver cancer of various etiology. To date, 31P MRS has not been applied in pancreatic cancer. In liver cancer, alterations in levels of 31P metabolites involved in cell proliferation (phosphomonoesters [PMEs] and phosphodiesters [PDEs]) and energy metabolism (ATP and inorganic phosphate [Pi]) were observed. In particular, liver tumors were associated with elevations of PME/PDE and PME/Pi compared to healthy liver tissue, although there was a broad variety among studies (elevations of 2%–267% and 21%–233%, respectively). Changes in PME/PDE in liver tumors upon therapy were substantial, yet very heterogeneous and both decreases and increases were observed, whereas PME/Pi was consistently decreased after therapy in all studies (−13% to −76%).

Data Conclusion

31P MRS has great potential for treatment monitoring in oncology. Future studies are needed to correlate the changes in 31P metabolite levels in hepatopancreatobiliary tumors with treatment response.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Chronic muscle recordings reveal recovery of forelimb function in spinal injured female rats after cortical epidural stimulation combined with rehabilitation and chondroitinase ABC
Authors: Sinopoulou Eleni , Spejo Aline Barroso , Roopnarine Naomi , Burnside Emily R. , Bartus Katalin , De Winter Fred , McMahon Stephen B. , Bradbury Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2022

Cervical level spinal cord injury (SCI) can severely impact upper limb muscle function, which is typically assessed in the clinic using electromyography (EMG). Here, we established novel preclinical methodology for EMG assessments of muscle function after SCI in awake freely moving animals. Adult female rats were implanted with EMG recording electrodes in bicep muscles and received bilateral cervical (C7) contusion injuries. Forelimb muscle activity was assessed by recording maximum voluntary contractions during a grip strength task and cortical motor evoked potentials in the biceps. We demonstrate that longitudinal recordings of muscle activity in the same animal are feasible over a chronic post‐injury time course and provide a sensitive method for revealing post‐injury changes in muscle activity. This methodology was utilized to investigate recovery of muscle function after a novel combination therapy. Cervical contused animals received intraspinal injections of a neuroplasticity‐promoting agent (lentiviral‐chondroitinase ABC) plus 11 weeks of cortical epidural electrical stimulation (3 h daily, 5 days/week) and behavioral rehabilitation (15 min daily, 5 days/week). Longitudinal monitoring of voluntary and evoked muscle activity revealed significantly increased muscle activity and upper limb dexterity with the combination treatment, compared to a single treatment or no treatment. Retrograde mapping of motor neurons innervating the biceps showed a predominant distribution across spinal segments C5–C8, indicating that treatment effects were likely due to neuroplastic changes in a mixture of intact and injured motor neurons. Thus, longitudinal assessments of muscle function after SCI correlate with skilled reach and grasp performance and reveal functional benefits of a novel combination therapy.
Obtaining and retaining employment post military service: A qualitative analysis of challenges experienced by Australian veterans
Authors: Romaniuk Madeline , Kidd Chloe , Banfield Michelle , Batterham Philip J.
Published: August 2022

A qualitative investigation utilizing a phenomenology approach via one‐on‐one interviews with 35 veterans was conducted to explore the challenges Australian military veterans have experienced in civilian employment settings. Thematic analysis developed four major themes: starting over, mental health, interpersonal cultural difficulties, and organizational differences. Initiatives aimed at addressing unemployment and underemployment for veterans should focus on preparedness, education, and expectation management for both veterans and civilian employers/colleagues and focus on interpersonal and organizational cultural differences, including structure, teamwork, role clarity and feedback, an understanding of military skills, and reduction of mental health stigma and discriminatory practices.
Evaluation of mixed micellar interactions of CnBCl and SDBS mixtures using dissociated Margules model and influence of different salts
Authors: Sood Ashwani Kumar , Sethi Omish , Aggarwal Meenu
Published: August 2022

The conductivity measurement has been used to determine the first and second CMC's (CMC1 and CMC2) of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (CnBCl; n = 12, 14 and 16) as well as gemini surfactant trimethylene‐1,2‐bis‐(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (12‐2‐12) with sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) in aqueous solutions using Rubingh's the regular theory approximation as well as the dissociated Margules Model. The use of Margules model allows us to calculate activity coefficients of the constituents and hence provides better values of micellar parameters for asymmetric mixed systems as compared to the regular solution theory. The CMC1 values for CnBCl/SDBS mixtures were seen to be lower than those predicted from their ideal mixtures suggesting synergistic interactions although the synergism increases with chain length (n) of the cationic surfactant. Both CMC1 and CMC2 experience a decrease with rising values of n. The addition of salts including NaCl, KCl, NaBr, Na3PO4, and Na2SO4 in mixtures of C16BCl and SDBS suggests that salt counterions have a considerable impact on CMC1 when either surfactant is in excess. Zeta potential (ζ) measurements provide more evidence in favor of these observations. The thermodynamic features of micellization have also been scrutinized using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).
The Relation Between Protein Adsorption and Hemocompatibility of Antifouling Polymer Brushes
Authors: Riedelová Zuzana , de los Santos Pereira Andres , Svoboda Jan , Pop‐Georgievski Ognen , Májek Pavel , Pečánková Klára , Dyčka Filip , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar , Riedel Tomáš
Published: August 2022

Whenever an artificial surface comes into contact with blood, proteins are rapidly adsorbed onto its surface. This phenomenon, termed fouling, is then followed by a series of undesired reactions involving activation of complement or the coagulation cascade and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets leading to thrombus formation. Thus, considerable efforts are directed towards the preparation of fouling‐resistant surfaces with the best possible hemocompatibility. Herein, a comprehensive hemocompatibility study after heparinized blood contact with seven polymer brushes prepared by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization is reported. The resistance to fouling is quantified and thrombus formation and deposition of blood cellular components on the coatings are analyzed. Moreover, identification of the remaining adsorbed proteins is performed via mass spectroscopy to elucidate their influence on the surface hemocompatibility. Compared with an unmodified glass surface, the grafting of polymer brushes minimizes the adhesion of platelets and leukocytes and prevents the thrombus formation. The fouling from undiluted blood plasma is reduced by up to 99%. Most of the identified proteins are connected with the initial events of foreign body reaction towards biomaterial (coagulation cascade proteins, complement component, and inflammatory proteins). In addition, several proteins that are not previously linked with blood‐biomaterial interaction are presented and discussed.
A z‐gradient array coil with a dedicated active‐shielded array coil for MRI
Authors: Takrimi Manouchehr , Atalar Ergin
Published: August 2022

Purpose

An array‐based z‐gradient coil with a set of programmable power amplifiers can outperform a conventional z‐gradient coil and make it highly customizable with a broader range of tunable features.

Methods

A dynamically adjustable imaging volume can be achieved using a pair of independent arrays and a modified optimization procedure based on analytic equations. Two modes of operation are provided: (a) standard mode that resembles a conventional coil; (b) advanced mode, where all performance parameters can be adjusted employing a controllable feeding mechanism. Commercial software is used to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed coil.

Results

Primary and shield array diameters are 24 and 30 cm, both of which comprise 12 bundles of 10 turns copper wires. Maximum feeding voltage/current is 250 V/100 A for all array elements. Four distinct magnetic profiles are provided: (a) conventional profile with 140 mm diameter spherical region of interest, 120 mT/m gradient, and up to 4500 T/m/s slew rate; (b) profile of 200 mT/m, 70 mm region of interest, and up to 6900 T/m/s slew rate; (c) 60 mm axially shifted 70 mm region of interest with 120 mT/m strength and 3600 T/m/s slew rate; and (d) profile of 370 mT/m, 120 mm region of interest, and 3700 T/m/s slew rate when the active shield is reverse fed.

Conclusion

By using an active‐shielded gradient array coil, the magnetic field profile of the imaging volume can be adjusted dynamically, and it can provide new features and a wide range of field profiles for diverse applications in MRI.