bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Hybrid Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Monteiro Beatriz , Simões Sónia
Published: November 2024

Hybrid nanocomposites have emerged as a groundbreaking class of materials in the aerospace industry, offering exceptional mechanical, thermal, and functional properties. These materials, composed of a combination of metallic matrices (based on aluminum, magnesium, or titanium) reinforced with a mixture of nanoscale particles, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and ceramic nanoparticles (SiC, Al2O3), provide a unique balance of high strength, low weight, and enhanced durability. Recent advances in developing these nanocomposites have focused on optimizing the dispersion and integration of nanoparticles within the matrix to achieve superior material performance. Innovative fabrication techniques have ensured uniform distribution and strong bonding between the matrix and the reinforcements, including advanced powder metallurgy, stir casting, in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and additive manufacturing. These methods have enabled the production of hybrid nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties, such as increased tensile strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance, and enhanced thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in preventing nanoparticle agglomeration due to the high surface energy and van der Walls forces and ensuring consistent quality and repeatability in large-scale production. Addressing these issues is critical for fully leveraging the potential of hybrid nanocomposites in aerospace applications, where materials are subjected to extreme conditions and rigorous performance standards. Ongoing research is focused on developing novel processing techniques and understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the behavior of these materials under various operational conditions. This review highlights the recent progress in the design, fabrication, and application of hybrid nanocomposites for aerospace applications. It underscores their potential to revolutionize the industry by providing materials that meet the demanding requirements for lightweight, high-strength, and multifunctional components.
Electrochemical Analysis on Intergranular Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld in Molten Nitrate Salt
Authors: Kanjanaprayut Noparat , Siripongsakul Thamrongsin , Wiman Panya , Issaard Wannapha , Nilsonthi Thanasak , Promdirek Piyorose
Published: November 2024

An investigation of intergranular corrosion (IGC) sensitization in molten nitrate salts of austenitic stainless steel welds of AISI 304, AISI 304H, and AISI321 produced by GTAW with ER 308L and ER 347 fillers was performed. The degree of sensitization (DOS) to IGC was assessed using a double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation and pitting potential. It was found that DOS levels in weld zones were quite low, not exceeding 15%, while those in HAZs were up to 60% after exposure at 600 °C for 300 h. The low DOS levels were due to low carbide precipitation. However, another cause of DOS was the delta-ferrite to sigma transformation in weld zones. Linear sweep voltammetry was used to quantify the sigma phase.
Unraveling the Association of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis with Vitamin B12: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Espina Silvia , Casas-Deza Diego , Bernal-Monterde Vanesa , Royo-Esteban Ana , García-Sobreviela Maria Pilar , Calmarza Pilar , Martinez-Martinez Ana B. , Osada Jesús , Arbones-Mainar Jose M.
Published: November 2024

Background: There are conflicting studies reporting both an increase and a decrease in vitamin B12 (VB12) levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we aimed to dissect the effects of steatosis and fibrosis on VB12. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including all patients with a vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) performed at the Hospital Miguel Servet (Zaragoza, Spain) between 2019 and 2022 for a chronic liver disease and having a recent blood test for VB12 levels. Liver fibrosis was assessed by VCTE and hepatic steatosis by ultrasonography and/or through controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Results: 1195 patients (NAFLD n = 441, other chronic liver disease n = 754) were included. Median age was 57 years, 53% female. Patients with NAFLD had lower levels of VB12 compared to the rest of chronic liver diseases (289 vs. 313 pg/mL, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between VB12 levels and hepatic steatosis measured by CAP (r = −0.13, p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between VB12 levels and liver stiffness in patients with NAFLD in both sexes (men r = 0.31, p < 0.001 and women r = 0.15, p = 0.016). A significant association between VB12 levels and liver fibrosis in cirrhosis stage was observed in patients with NAFLD (OR 1.06, 95% CI, 1.025–1.098, p = 0.001). Conclusion: VB12 levels were lower with greater hepatic steatosis. In NAFLD, VB12 levels were lower compared to other chronic liver diseases but their levels increased with higher liver stiffness and in cirrhosis stage.
Neural Network Methods in the Development of MEMS Sensors
Authors: Liu Yan , Ping Mingda , Han Jizhou , Cheng Xiang , Qin Hongbo , Wang Weidong
Published: November 2024

As a kind of long-term favorable device, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor has become a powerful dominator in the detection applications of commercial and industrial areas. There have been a series of mature solutions to address the possible issues in device design, optimization, fabrication, and output processing. The recent involvement of neural networks (NNs) has provided a new paradigm for the development of MEMS sensors and greatly accelerated the research cycle of high-performance devices. In this paper, we present an overview of the progress, applications, and prospects of NN methods in the development of MEMS sensors. The superiority of leveraging NN methods in structural design, device fabrication, and output compensation/calibration is reviewed and discussed to illustrate how NNs have reformed the development of MEMS sensors. Relevant issues in the usage of NNs, such as available models, dataset construction, and parameter optimization, are presented. Many application scenarios have demonstrated that NN methods can enhance the speed of predicting device performance, rapidly generate device-on-demand solutions, and establish more accurate calibration and compensation models. Along with the improvement in research efficiency, there are also several critical challenges that need further exploration in this area.
Development of a Novel Chimeric ND-GP cVLPs Vaccine for the Prevention of Goose-Derived Newcastle Disease and Gosling Plague
Authors: Li Jindou , Ding Jiaxin , Guo Chunhong , Xu Xiaohong , Shan Chunhui , Qian Jing , Ding Zhuang
Published: November 2024

Goose-derived Newcastle disease (ND) and gosling plague (GP) are serious threats to the goose industry. Conventional vaccines have made significant contributions to preventing GP and ND. Nevertheless, the renewal of conventional vaccines and the application of novel vaccines are urgently needed to align with eco-friendly and efficient breeding concepts and achieve the final goal of epidemic purification. Therefore, based on the Newcastle disease virus-like particles (ND VLPs) vector platform, we developed novel chimeric ND-GP bivalent cVLPs (ND-GP cVLPs) displaying the NDV HN protein and the GPV VP3 protein. In vivo, immunization experiments revealed that geese immunized with 30 µg, 50 µg, or 70 µg of the ND-GP cVLPs and commercial vaccines produced highly effective hemagglutination inhibitory antibodies against NDV and neutralizing antibodies against GPV, respectively. Furthermore, 70 µg of the ND-GP cVLPs effectively protected against virulent NDV and GPV, reducing tissue damage from viral infection and virus shedding in the oropharynx and cloaca. In conclusion, we provide eco-friendly and efficient novel ND-GP cVLPs for preventing goose-derived ND and GP. Our findings provide the basis for using ND VLPs as foreign protein carriers for the developing of multi-conjugate vaccines.
Involvement of a Microplusin-like Gene (HlonML-1) in the Olfactory Chemosensation of Haemophysalis longicornis: Expression, RNA Silencing, and Behavioral Implications
Authors: Gebremedhin Mebrahtu Berhe , Xu Zhengmao , Kuang Ceyan , Nawaz Mohsin , Wei Nana , Cao Jie , Zhou Yongzhi , Zhang Houshuang , Zhou Jinlin
Published: November 2024

The study of tick olfaction is relatively new compared to that of insects, and the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Despite several potential chemosensory genes identified in multiple tick species, these are yet to be validated through independent functional experiments. In this research, we cloned and analyzed a microplusin-like gene, HlonML-1, and investigated its role in the chemosensory activities of H. longicornis. The results showed that this gene’s amino acid sequences lack histidine residues essential for antimicrobial activity, and it is evolutionarily linked to putative chemosensory microplusins in ticks. Gene expression analyses indicated that HlonML-1 was significantly more abundant in ticks exposed to potential attractants and in the forelegs of H. longicornis than in non-exposed ticks and the hindlegs, respectively. Tick forelegs support the Haller’s organ, which is a sensory structure mostly specialized for chemosensation. Furthermore, Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that silencing HlonML-1 significantly impaired adult ticks’ ability to detect selected odors, while their gustatory-related behavior remained unaffected compared to the control groups. Given its unique sequences, relative abundance in chemosensory tissues, and impact on odor detection, HlonML-1 is likely involved in the olfactory chemosensation of H. longicornis. Future research validating putative chemosensory microplusins in the genomes of various tick species may enhance our understanding of their olfactory functions in tick and lead to the identification of new molecular targets for developing tick repellents.
Accessing Fungal Contributions to the Birch Effect: Real-Time Respiration from Pore-Scale Microfluidics
Authors: Guo Yi-Syuan , Weitz Karl K. , Truong Aramy , Ryan Adam G. , Shor Leslie M. , Bhattacharjee Arunima , Lipton Mary S.
Published: November 2024

Drying and rewetting of soil stimulates soil carbon emission. The Birch effect, driven by these cycles, leads to CO2 efflux, which can be monitored using real-time mass spectrometry (RTMS). Although soil fungi retain water during droughts, their contribution to CO2 release during drying–rewetting cycles remains unclear. In this study, we present the first demonstration of integrating micromodels with RTMS to monitor the Birch effect by simulating drought and rewetting. Micromodels were inoculated with axenic fungal culture and dried to assess moisture retention. After drying, RTMS quantified CO2 release upon rewetting with H218O mixtures. Our results showed that soil fungi released CO2 upon rehydration and immediately utilized the external water source at the pore scale by generating subsequent 46CO2. This work is the first to integrate RTMS with microsystems to investigate pore-scale biogeochemistry and the involvement of fungi in the Birch effect.
Endophytic Bacterial Community, Core Taxa, and Functional Variations Within the Fruiting Bodies of Laccaria
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Chen Xin , Shi Xiaofei , Yang Zhenyan , Yang Lian , Liu Dong , Yu Fuqiang
Published: November 2024

Macrofungi do not exist in isolation but establish symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, particularly bacteria, within their fruiting bodies. Herein, we examined the fruiting bodies’ bacteriome of seven species of the genus Laccaria collected from four locations in Yunnan, China. By analyzing bacterial diversity, community structure, and function through 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed the following: (1) In total, 4,840,291 high-quality bacterial sequences obtained from the fruiting bodies were grouped into 16,577 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), and all samples comprised 23 shared bacterial ASVs. (2) The Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium complex was found to be the most abundant and presumably coexisting bacterium. (3) A network analysis revealed that endophytic bacteria formed functional groups, which were dominated by the genera Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Novosphingobium, and Variovorax. (4) The diversity, community structure, and dominance of ecological functions (chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen cycling) among endophytic bacteria were significantly shaped by geographic location, habitat, and fungal genotype, rather than fruiting body type. (5) A large number of the endophytic bacteria within Laccaria are bacteria that promote plant growth; however, some pathogenic bacteria that pose a threat to human health might also be present. This research advances our understanding of the microbial ecology of Laccaria and the factors shaping its endophytic bacterial communities.
Characterization and Bioactive Metabolite Profiling of Streptomyces sp. Y009: A Mangrove-Derived Actinomycetia with Anticancer and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Yu Bo , Zeng Wei , Zhou Yuting , Li Nan , Liang Zhiqun
Published: November 2024

Microorganisms from poorly explored environments are promising sources for the development of novel drugs. In our continuous efforts to screen for mangrove actinomycetes that produce metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications, Streptomyces sp. Y009 was isolated from mangrove sediments in Guangxi, China. The phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic characteristics of this strain were investigated. Analysis of phylogenetic and 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it had the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces thermolilacinus NBRC 14274 (98.95%). Further, the Y009 extract exhibited antioxidant activity, as indicated by DPPH and superoxide dismutase assays. The extract showed broad-spectrum and potent anticancer potential against six human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 5.61 to 72.15 μg/mL. Furthermore, the selectivity index (SI) demonstrated that the Y009 extract exhibited less toxicity toward normal cell lines in comparison to the lung cancer cell line (A549) and hepatoma cell line (HepG2). GC–MS analysis revealed that the extract contained some biologically important secondary metabolites, mainly cyclic dipeptides and esters, which might be responsible for the antioxidant and anticancer properties. 3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (28.32%) was the major chemical compound available in the extract. The effect on cancer cells was then confirmed using nuclear staining and in silico docking. This study suggests that further exploration of the bioactive compounds of the newly isolated strain may be a promising approach for the development of novel chemopreventive drugs.
Application of the Electrical Microbial Growth Analyzer Method for Efficiently Quantifying Viable Bacteria in Ready-to-Eat Sea Cucumber Products
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Liang Ruohan , Pu Xiaodan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Lu Feng , Yang Qianqian , Zhu Xueting , Kong Qing , Zhang Xuzhi
Published: November 2024

Accurate and efficient quantification of viable bacteria in ready-to-eat food products is crucial for food safety and public health. The rapid and accurate assessment of foodborne bacteria in complex food matrices remains a significant challenge. Herein a culture-based approach was established for easily quantifying viable bacteria in ready-to-eat sea cucumber (RSC) products. Samples of the liquid companion within the package were directly transferred into test tubes to determine bacterial growth curves and growth rate curves, utilizing the electrical microbial growth analyzer. Viable bacteria in the samples were then quantified based on the time required to attain the maximum growth rate indicated on the growth rate curve. At a concentration of 5.0 × 103 CFU/mL of viable bacteria in the liquid companion, the recovery rates were 108.85–112.77% for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 107.01–130.54% for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with standard deviations of 1.60 and 3.92, respectively. For the solid content in the package, the quantification was performed using the same methodology following an additional homogenization step. At a concentration of 5.0 × 103 CFU/mL of viable bacteria in the sample, the recovery rates were 91.94–102.24% for E. coli and 81.43–104.46% for S. aureus, with standard deviations of 2.34 and 2.38, respectively. In instances where the viable bacterial concentration was 5.0 × 103 CFU/mL in RSC products, the total time required for the quantification did not exceed 10.5 h. This method demonstrated advantages over traditional plate counting and PCR methods regarding simplicity and efficiency, representing a promising alternative for the quantification of viable bacteria in food like RSC products.
Assessment of Gold and Mercury Losses in an Artisanal Gold Mining Site in Nigeria and Its Implication on the Local Economy and the Environment
Authors: Anene Nnamdi C. , Dangulbi Bashir M. , Veiga Marcello M.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this work was to establish the gold and mercury losses in an artisanal mining deposit (Uke) in Nigeria to convince miners about their inefficiency and suggest changes in their gold extraction practices. Samples of feeds and tailings from five sluice box concentration processes previously ground in hammer mills below 1 mm (P80 = 0.5 mm) were systematically sampled every 15 min. for 4 h and sent for gold analyses by a fire assay and intensive cyanidation. Dry grain size analyses of primary and amalgamation tailings allowed us to find out in which size fraction gold and mercury are lost. Total mercury losses in sixteen operations were obtained by weighing mercury at the beginning and in all steps of the concentrates’ amalgamation. After analyses, the average gold grade in the feed resulted in 3.80 ± 1.52 ppm (two standard deviations). The gold recovery was 29.24 ± 13.24%, which is low due to a lack of liberation of the fine gold particles from the gangue (silicates). Finer grinding would be necessary. The mercury balance revealed that 42% of the mercury added is lost, in which 26% involves tailings and 16% evaporated. The HgLost-to-AuProduced ratio was found to be 3.35 ± 9.46, which is exceedingly high for this type of amalgamation process that should have this ratio around 1. One reason is the excessive amount of mercury in the amalgams, 76.5 ± 38.12%, when the normal is around 40%–50%. Mercury lost by evaporation in open bonfires is clearly contaminating amalgamation operators (usually children), neighbours, and the environment. The Hg-contaminated tailings and primary tailings are sold to local cyanidation plants, and this can form toxic soluble Hg(CN)2 in the process. The results of this research were brought to the attention of the miners and other stakeholders, including the regulatory agencies of the government. The % gold recovery by amalgamation was not established in this study, but if this process recovers 50 to 60% of the liberated gold particles in a concentrate and 30% of gold was recovered in the sluice boxes, then the total gold recovery should be between 15 and 20; i.e., 80 to 85% of gold mined is lost. On average, an operation produces 8.26 g of gold/month, which is split to six miners, representing USD 69/month/miner or USD 2.3/day. It was discussed with miners, authorities, and community members (in particular female miners) how to avoid exposure to mercury, how to improve gold recovery without mercury, and the health and environmental effects of this pollutant.
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Through BOF Slag Stabilization: A Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Methods
Authors: Mustafayeva Arailym , Moon Sung-Woo , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Kim Jong
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the stabilization of expansive soil using basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, an eco-friendly steel by-product, as an alternative to conventional stabilizers like ordinary Portland cement. By evaluating varying concentrations of BOF slag and lime as an activator, the research aims to improve the soil’s mechanical properties, addressing issues like low bearing capacity and high shrink–swell potential. Bentonite clay was treated with different BOF slag ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) and activated with lime (1%, 3%, and 5%). After mixing and compaction, samples were cured and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shear wave velocity (BE), and free swell. Microscopic analyses (SEM) provided insight into structural changes post-stabilization, revealing improved properties with increased BOF and lime concentrations. Notably, stabilization with 30% BOF slag and 5% lime achieves a compressive strength of 810 kPa, meeting the minimum subgrade soil stabilization requirement (700 kPa) set by the Federal Highway Administration. This research underscores the potential of BOF slag as a sustainable and practical material for bentonite clay stabilization, offering a promising solution for enhancing soil properties while contributing to environmental sustainability through industrial by-product repurposing.
Variation in the Composition of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash
Authors: Valentim Bruno , Guedes Alexandra , Kuźniarska-Biernacka Iwona , Dias Joana , Predeanu Georgeta
Published: November 2024

Unlike municipal solid waste bottom ash (MSWBA), fly ash (MSWFA) is landfilled due to its toxicity. However, MSWFA may also be a source of elements. Ash samples collected from a Portuguese MSW incinerator from different locations and over six months were analyzed. Their geochemical composition was normalized to the upper continental crust (UCC) and compared since metal enrichment may be used as an indicator for potential recovery. The potential recovery economic viability was also assessed for metals K, Sb, Cu, Pb, and Zn, considering the ore cut-off grade and minimum industrial grade (MIG) from Chinese geological and mineral industry standards. Compared to the global samples, only the Baghouse 1 FA size fraction’s coarse fraction showed a slight enrichment (1- to 5-fold) in Bi, Nb, and Zr. After wet sieving, most trace elements were enriched in all fractions, but Sb, Bi, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Cd, Sn, Se, and Hg were depleted in the coarse fractions and enriched in the fine ones. For Baghouse 1 samples collected over 6 months, the normalization to the UCC showed enrichment of Zn and Pb between 10× and 50×, Zr, Cu, In, and Se between 50× and 100×, and Ag, Mn, Cd, Sb, and Bi at more than 100×. Over six months, the Baghouse 1 FA soluble fraction ranged between 21 wt.% and 30 wt.%, and its precipitates comprised 27% CaO, 6% Na2O, and 9% K2O. The K concentration in the MSWFA was above the cut-off and the MIG, and K could be concentrated in precipitates via simple washing.
Solvent Extraction of Gallium and Germanium Using a Novel Hydroxamic Acid Extractant
Authors: Guo Zong , Qin Zhixing , Liu Sanping , Zhang Wei , Zheng Chaozhen , Wang Haibei
Published: November 2024

The rare metals gallium and germanium are key strategic metals that are widely used in emerging industries. In this work, a novel hydroxamic acid extractant, BGYW, with low toxicity, was used for the selective solvent extraction of Ga ions and Ge ions from Zn, As, Cu, and Al ions in the solution from zinc smelting. The gallium and germanium ions were extracted efficiently under optimized conditions. Gallium ions were preferentially stripped using sulfuric acid, and germanium ions were stripped using an ammonium fluoride solution. Compared with the commercial extractant YW100, the dissolution loss of BGYW was reduced by 10 times. After 15 cycles, the germanium solvent extraction efficiency of BGYW remained at 100%, and the solvent extraction efficiency of gallium was about 98.7%, while the solvent extraction efficiency of both Ga ions and Ge ions using YW100 decreased to 20% after five cycles. This novel solvent extraction system exhibits considerable promise for application in zinc smelting processes for gallium and germanium solvent extraction.
LPM682000012, a Synthetic Neuroactive Steroid That Ameliorates Epileptic Seizures by Downregulating the Serpina3n/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaofan , Ji Shengmin , Yang Yue , Sun Xiaohui , Wang Hui , Yang Yifan , Deng Xuan , Wang Yunjie , Li Chunmei , Tian Jingwei
Published: November 2024

Epilepsy is characterized by abnormal neuronal firing in the brain. Several therapeutic strategies exist for epilepsy; however, several patients remain poorly treated. Therefore, the development of effective treatments remains a high priority in the field. Neuroactive steroids can potentiate extra-synaptic and synaptic GABAA receptors, thereby providing therapeutic benefits relative to benzodiazepines. This research study investigated the therapeutic effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of LPM682000012, a new synthetic neuroactive steroid-positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of GABAA receptors employed for treating epilepsy. Acute and chronic rat epilepsy models were established to identify the anti-seizure potency of LPM682000012. The dose-dependent sedative effects of LPM682000012 and Ganaxolone in normal rats were evaluated, which revealed that they both dose-dependently alleviated acute epileptic seizure in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-mediated seizure model. Furthermore, LPM682000012 indicated an enhanced safety profile than Ganaxolone. Moreover, LPM682000012 also indicated therapeutic effects in the kainic acid (KA)-induced chronic spontaneous seizure model. Morphologically, LPM682000012 decreased neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and increased dendritic spine density in the CA1 region. In addition, mechanical analyses, including transcriptomics, Western blot, and proteomics analyses, revealed that the Serpina3n/NF-κB signaling pathway was up-regulated in epileptic rat hippocampal tissue, and LPM682000012 treatment reversed these changes. In summary, this report demonstrated that the novel neurosteroid GABAA PAM LPM682000012 activated the synaptic and extra-synaptic GABAA receptors and alleviated KA-induced neuronal loss and synaptic remodeling, potentially by down-regulating the Serpina3n/NF-κB signaling pathways. The results provide evidence that LPM682000012 is a potential anti-seizure pharmacotherapy candidate for epilepsy and warrants further research.
Facile Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots with High Product Yield Using a Solid-Phase Strategy
Authors: Ren Haitao , Qi Fan , Feng Xiangbo , Liu Jiaxiang , Zhao Yuzhen
Published: November 2024

The liquid-phase method is the most commonly utilized strategy for synthesizing fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs). However, the liquid-phase synthesis of CQDs faces challenges such as low yield, complex purification, and the use of toxic solvents, which limit large-scale production and practical applications. In this study, fluorescent CQDs with a high product yield of 78% were synthesized using glucose as a carbon source through a green and facile one-step solid-phase approach, without solvents or post-treatment. A systematic study of the structure and fluorescence properties of the synthesized CQDs was conducted using various characterization techniques. The results indicated that the mean size of obtained CQDs was 4.1 nm, and that their surface had abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, resulting in favorable water solubility. The synthesized CQDs exhibited excitation-dependent fluorescence, with optimal excitation and emission wavelengths at 358 and 455 nm, respectively. Additionally, the CQDs solution showed bright blue fluorescence under 365 nm UV light, with a quantum yield of 6.21% and a fluorescence lifetime of 3.02 ns. This study offers valuable insights into the green and efficient synthesis of fluorescent CQDs powder.
Development of Alginate Hydrogels Incorporating Essential Oils Loaded in Chitosan Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pitterou Ioanna , Kalogeropoulou Flora , Tzani Andromachi , Tsiantas Konstantinos , Gatou Maria Anna , Pavlatou Evangelia , Batrinou Anthimia , Fountzoula Christina , Kriebardis Anastasios , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis , Detsi Anastasia
Published: November 2024

A hybrid alginate hydrogel–chitosan nanoparticle system suitable for biomedical applications was prepared. Chitosan (CS) was used as a matrix for the encapsulation of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil (LEO) and Mentha (Mentha arvensis) essential oil (MEO). An aqueous solution of an acidic Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES), namely choline chloride/ascorbic acid in a 2:1 molar ratio, was used to achieve the acidic environment for the dissolution of chitosan and also played the role of the ionic gelator for the preparation of the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs). The hydrodynamic diameter of the CS-MEO NPs was 130.7 nm, and the size of the CS-LEO NPs was 143.4 nm (as determined using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis). The CS-NPs were incorporated into alginate hydrogels crosslinked with CaCl2. The hydrogels showed significant water retention capacity (>80%) even after the swollen sample was kept in the aqueous HCl solution (pH 1.2) for 4 h, indicating a good stability of the network. The hydrogels were tested (a) for their ability to absorb dietary lipids and (b) for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of the hybrid hydrogels was comparable to that of the widely used food preservative sodium benzoate 5% w/v.
Biological Characteristics of a Novel Bibenzyl Synthase (DoBS1) Gene from Dendrobium officinale Catalyzing Dihydroresveratrol Synthesis
Authors: Zhou Shao-Guo , Zhong Ke , Yan Feng-Xia , Tian Fan , Luo Chang-Sha , Yu Hang-Cheng , Luo Zai-Qi , Zhang Xi-Min
Published: November 2024

Bibenzyl compounds are one of the most important bioactive components of natural medicine. However, Dendrobium officinale as a traditional herbal medicine is rich in bibenzyl compounds and performs functions such as acting as an antioxidant, inhibiting cancer cell growth, and assisting in neuro-protection. The biosynthesis of bibenzyl products is regulated by bibenzyl synthase (BBS). In this study, we have cloned the cDNA gene of the bibenzyl synthase (DoBS1) from D. officinale using PCR with degenerate primers, and we have identified a novel type III polyketide synthase (PKS) gene by phylogenetic analyses. In a series of perfect experiments, DoBS1 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and some catalytic properties of the recombinant protein were investigated. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was verified to be approximately 42.7 kDa. An enzyme activity analysis indicated that the recombinant DoBS1-HisTag protein was capable of using 4-coumaryol-CoA and 3 malonyl-CoA as substrates for dihydroresveratrol (DHR) in vitro. The Vmax and Km of the recombinant protein for DHR were 3.57 ± 0.23 nmol·min−1·mg−1 and 0.30 ± 0.08 mmol, respectively. The present study provides further insights into the catalytic mechanism of the active site in the biosynthetic pathway for the catalytic production of dihydroresveratrol by bibenzylase in D. officinale. The results can be used to optimize a novel biosynthetic pathway for the industrial synthesis of DHR.
Optical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Si/PVP Hybrid Material Combined with Antibiotics
Authors: Yordanova Lilia , Kostova Yoanna , Pavlova Elitsa , Bachvarova-Nedelcheva Albena , Ivanova Iliana , Nenova Elena
Published: November 2024

Silica–poly (vinylpyrrolidone) hybrid material was prepared using the sol–gel method. Tetramethyl ortosilane (TMOS) was used as a silica precursor. XRD analysis established that the as-prepared material is amorphous. The morphological structure of the final product was determined by the incorporated PVP. The UV–Vis analysis showed that the obtained hybrid exhibited absorption in the ultraviolet range. The antimicrobial activity of the SiO2/15PVP hybrid material was tested on Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC BAA-2162, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in combination with the following antibiotics: Vancomycin for Gram-positive bacteria, Ciprofloxacin for Gram-negative bacteria, and Nystatin for yeast. The results confirmed a concentration-dependent synergistic effect of the antibiotic in combination with the TM15/PVP hybrid particles, especially at their highest concentration of 100 mg/mL on Gram-positive bacteria and for the Gram-negative Salmonella. On Candida albicans ATCC 18804 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCY 21-6-3, the effect was synergistic again, and a fungicidal effect was observed at 6.25 and 1.50 mg/mL for the antibiotic concentration and concentrations of hybrid material at 100 mg/mL. The toxicity on Daphnia magna was also tested. The registered prooxidant activity of SiO2/15PVP shows possible applications at very low concentrations. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of clinical implementations of the newly synthesized hybrid material.
Visible Light-Driven Photocatalysis of Al-Doped SrTiO3: Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Abdikarimova Ulzhan , Bissenova Madina , Matsko Nikita , Issadykov Aidos , Khromushin Igor , Aksenova Tatyana , Munasbayeva Karlygash , Slyamzhanov Erasyl , Serik Aigerim
Published: November 2024

Environmental problems associated with water pollution caused by organic dyes have raised serious concerns. In this context, photocatalytic processes have proven to be promising and environmentally friendly methods for water purification utilising abundant solar energy. In this study, a SrTiO3-based photocatalyst was modified by doping with Al ions and the deposition of dual co-catalysts (Rh/Cr2O3 and CoOOH) to enhance the photocatalytic decomposition efficiency of methylene blue (MB). Pure perovskite SrTiO3 was synthesised by chemical precipitation followed by calcination at 1100 °C. Al-doped SrTiO3 with deposited co-catalysts showed 3.2 times higher photocatalytic activity compared to unalloyed SrTiO3 with co-catalysts in MB decomposition under visible radiation. This study highlights the effectiveness of using dual co-catalysts and low-valence metal doping to enhance the efficiency of the photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants. The density functional theory analysis results show that the Al doping of SrTiO3 improves charge separation and increases the lifetime of photogenerated electrons and holes while maintaining the size of the forbidden band, which confirms its effectiveness for enhancing photocatalytic activity.
Synergistic Regulation of Phase and Nanostructure of Nickel Molybdate for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Wang Yining , Cui Yuhan , Song Yue , Zhou Chen
Published: November 2024

Nickel molybdate, which has a relatively high theoretical capacity, demonstrates potential for use in supercapacitors. However, its inferior electrical conductivity and cycling stability have led to poor electrochemical performance. Nanostructure engineering of NiMoO4 is an efficient strategy to overcome its performance limitations as an electrode. Here, a facile approach is reported for the precise phase regulation and nanostructure of NiMoO4 by manipulating the synthesis parameters, including duration, precursor selection, and urea concentration. The electrochemical properties of the electrode materials are also investigated. It is interesting to note that the β-NiMoO4 nanosheets show a decent specific capacity of 332.8 C/g at 1 A/g, surpassing the 252.6 C/g of the α-NiMoO4 nanorods. Furthermore, the supercapacitor device constructed with β-NiMoO4 and reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (rGH) electrodes achieves an acceptable energy density of 36.1 Wh kg−1, while retaining 70.2% after 5000 cycles.
Skin Sensitization Potential of Sensitizers in the Presence of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles In Vitro
Authors: Meindl Claudia , Öhlinger Kristin , Zrim Verena , Ober Jennifer , Jeitler Ramona , Roblegg Eva , Fröhlich Eleonore
Published: November 2024

Silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in dermal products. Their skin sensitization potential, especially their effects in combination with known sensitizers, is poorly studied in vitro and their sensitization inconsistently reported in animal studies. In this study, cellular assays were used to identify different steps of sensitization, the activation of keratinocytes and dendritic cells, when cells were exposed to these NPs in the absence and presence of sensitizers. Cellular systems included HaCaT keratinocytes and U937 (U-SENS™) alone, as well as different co-culture systems of THP-1 cells with HaCaT cells (COCAT) and with primary keratinocytes. The effect of NPs differed between co-cultures and U-SENS™, whereas co-cultures with either primary keratinocytes or HaCaT cells responded similarly. Pre-exposure to ZnO NPs increased the U-SENS™ assay response to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene six-fold. The COCAT increase was maximally four-fold for the combination of SiO2 and trans cinnamaldehyde. When the THP-1 cells were separated from the keratinocytes by a membrane, the response of the co-culture system was more similar to U-SENS™. The direct contact with keratinocytes decreased the modulating effect of TiO2 and ZnO NPs but suggested an increase in response to sensitizers following dermal contact with SiO2 NPs.
Waist-to-Height Ratio Cut-Off Points for Central Obesity in Individuals with Overweight Across Different Ethnic Groups in NHANES 2011–2018
Authors: Itani Leila , El Ghoch Marwan
Published: November 2024

Background: The identification of surrogate measures of central obesity is of clinical importance, and the waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) has recently attracted great interest as an alternative method. Objective: For this reason, we aimed to establish specific WtHR cut-off points for adiposity (i.e., central obesity) in four different ethnicity groups across both sexes based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. Methods: Of the total 23,037 participants who completed four cycles of the survey between the years 2011 and 2018, anthropometric measures (i.e., body weight, waist circumference, and height) and dual X-ray absorptiometry-derived visceral adipose tissue (DXA-derived VAT) results were available for 3566 individuals who were assessed in this cross-sectional study. Participants with an overweight status defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) cut-off points (25–29.9 kg/m2) were included. The sample was then categorized by adiposity according to the DXA-derived VAT tertiles (highest), and based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the best sensitivity and specificity were attained for predicting central obesity using the WtHR. Results: The following WtHR cut-offs were identified as having the best discriminating ability for central obesity: 0.57 for White males and 0.58 for White females; 0.55 for Black males and 0.57 for Black females; 0.56 for Asian males and 0.59 for Asian females; and 0.57 for Hispanic males and 0.59 for Hispanic females. Conclusions: These new WtHR cut-off points should be utilized in adults with overweight to screen for central adiposity based on their sex and ethnicity, and obesity guidelines therefore need to be revised accordingly.
Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy According to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Stage in Patients with Obesity: A Liver Biopsy-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Martínez-Montoro José Ignacio , Arranz-Salas Isabel , Gutiérrez-Repiso Carolina , Sánchez-García Ana , Ocaña-Wilhelmi Luis , Pinazo-Bandera José M. , Fernández-García Diego , Muñoz-Garach Araceli , Morales-García Dieter , García-Cortés Miren , García-Fuentes Eduardo , Tinahones Francisco J. , Garrido-Sánchez Lourdes
Published: November 2024

Background: The role of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in sleeve gastrectomy (SG)-related outcomes remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of preoperative biopsy-proven MASLD and its stages on weight loss after SG. Methods: One hundred sixty-three patients with obesity undergoing SG with concomitant intraoperative liver biopsy were followed up for 1 year. Fifty-eight participants were categorized as no MASLD, thirty-eight as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASL), and sixty-seven as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Percentage total weight loss (%TWL) and percentage excess weight loss (%EWL) 1 year after SG were calculated for the different groups. We also evaluated the association between preoperative MASLD (and its stages) and weight loss, after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Significant differences among groups were detected in %EWL (p = 0.004, ANOVA test), but not in %TWL (p = 0.079). However, significant differences in %TWL were found when MASH and no MASH (i.e., participants with MASL and participants without MASLD) groups were compared (27.3 ± 9.9 vs. 30.7 ± 9, respectively, p = 0.025). In the linear regression model for predicting %EWL 1 year after SG, the presence of MASH was independently associated with a lower %EWL, after adjusting for age, sex, baseline body mass index (BMI), and baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (Beta −7.1; 95% CI −13.6, −0.5; p = 0.035). The presence of MASLD, liver fibrosis, or advanced liver fibrosis (≥F2) was also associated with lower %EWL after SG in crude models, although they did not remain significant after adjusting for these confounders. The presence of MASH was inversely related to %TWL, although the association did not remain significant after adjustment (Beta −2.7; 95% CI −5.7, 0.2; p = 0.069). Conclusions: MASH may be independently associated with lower %EWL 1 year after SG in patients with obesity.
Carotenoids Intake and Cardiovascular Prevention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sumalla-Cano Sandra , Eguren-García Imanol , Lasarte-García Álvaro , Prola Thomas , Martínez-Díaz Raquel , Elío Iñaki
Published: November 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a variety of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Carotenoids, a group of fat-soluble organic pigments synthesized by plants, fungi, algae, and some bacteria, may have a beneficial effect in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aims to examine and synthesize current research on the relationship between carotenoids and CVDs. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies on the efficacy of carotenoid supplementation for CVD prevention. Interventional analytical studies (randomized and non-randomized clinical trials) published in English from January 2011 to February 2024 were included. Results: A total of 38 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Of these, 17 epidemiological studies assessed the relationship between carotenoids and CVDs, 9 examined the effect of carotenoid supplementation, and 12 evaluated dietary interventions. Conclusions: Elevated serum carotenoid levels are associated with reduced CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers. Increasing the consumption of carotenoid-rich foods appears to be more effective than supplementation, though the specific effects of individual carotenoids on CVD risk remain uncertain.
Anchor-Based and Distributional Responsiveness of the Spanish Version of the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale in Older People with Dementia: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Saucedo-Figueredo Maria Carmen , Morilla-Herrera Juan Carlos , Gálvez-González María , Rivas-Ruiz Francisco , Nava-DelVal Antonia , San Alberto-Giraldos Mercedes , Hierrezuelo-Martín Maria Jesús , Gómez-Borrego Ana Belén , Kaknani-Uttumchandani Shakira , Morales-Asencio José Miguel
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Patients with dementia present with feeding difficulties (FDs) since diagnosis, conditioning their progression. Early identification is vital for preventing deterioration due to nutritional problems. The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale (EdFED) identifies the FDs of patients with dementia by studying their behaviours while eating or being fed. The aim of this study was to assess the responsiveness of the EdFED over time in older people with cognitive impairment and to compare its effectiveness in identifying malnutrition and risk with that of the gold standard Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) method. Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, observational, longitudinal, analytic study with a follow-up period of 18 months (with patients participating in nursing homes and in the community). Sociodemographic and nutritional data (body mass index (BMI), MNA, forearm circumference (FC), calf circumference (CC), and a nutritional blood test) were collected; EdFED score was reported by nurses, nursing assistants, and family caregivers. Results: The total sample consisted of 359 individuals—60.7% residential participants and 39.3% community participants. In the last follow-up there were 149 remaining (41.5%). Malnutrition was more than 30%, and the risk was 40% at the three follow-ups. The results suggest that the EdFED scale is a useful tool for assessing feeding difficulties (FDs) in older persons with dementia. It demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in detecting malnutrition, similar to the MNA, and, more importantly, detecting risk and also identifying changes in nutritional status over time. Conclusions: The EdFED scale provides a means of evaluating nutritional problems, making it possible to work on prevention.
Strengthening Mental Health Though Resilience in Nursing Students: A Protocol for a Comprehensive Scoping Review
Authors: Tiol Emilia Batista Mourão , Franco Rauer Ferreira , Spaziani Amanda Oliva , Silva Gabriela Gouvea , Santos Emerson Roberto dos , Brienze Vânia Maria Sabadoto , Lima Alba Regina de Abreu , Lopes Sônia Maria Maciel , Faria Josimerci Ittavo Lamana , Werneck Alexandre Lins , Poletti Nádia Antônia Aparecida , Aquino Rafael Guerra de , Mafra Adriana Luiz Sartoreto , Peres Andreia Mura , Mendes Elena Carla Batista , de Souza Thaisa Fernanda Queiroz , Campoi Valéria da Silva , Campoi Luiz Fernando , Benitez Silvia Regina dos Santos , Vasconcelos Patrícia Freire de , André Júlio César
Published: November 2024

Background: Nursing students face unique challenges during their university education, making them vulnerable to mental health problems. Psychological resilience has been identified as a protective factor against these issues. However, previous reviews have identified gaps in the literature on resilience and mental health among nursing students. Objectives: This scoping review aims to identify and map studies on psychological resilience and mental health in undergraduate nursing students, synthesize current evidence on their relationship, identify interventions for enhancing resilience, and highlight gaps in the existing literature. Eligibility criteria: Studies published between January 2019 and April 2024 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish addressing resilience and mental health in undergraduate nursing students will be included. Primary studies, secondary studies, clinical guidelines, and grey literature will be considered. Sources of evidence: Searches will be conducted in multiple databases including EMBASE, ERIC, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, DOAJ, ELSEVIER, EMERALD, and WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY. Grey literature sources will also be searched. Charting methods: Data will be extracted using a standardized form and synthesized narratively. Thematic analysis will be conducted using MAXQDA software ((Verbi GmbH, 24 version, 2023). Quantitative summaries, visual mapping, subgroup analyses, and trend analyses will be performed where appropriate. Results: As this is a protocol, results are not yet available. The review will present a comprehensive map of the current literature on psychological resilience and mental health in nursing students, including identified interventions and research gaps. Conclusions: This scoping review will provide valuable insights to guide curriculum development, support services, and policy-making in nursing education. The findings may support actions to strengthen resilience and prevent mental health problems among future nursing professionals.