bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi status tropik perairan pantai Gapang, Sabang, Provinsi Aceh, berdasarkan konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat, dan kelimpahan klorofil-a
Authors: Kurnianda Viqqi , Heriantoni Jefri
Published: September 2017

Research on the effect of nitrate and phosphate concentration on the abundance of chlorophyll-a at Gapang beach, Sabang, Aceh Province was conducted in March 2017. This study aims to determine the effect of nitrate and phosphate concentration and its association with the abundance of chlorophyll-a in coastal waters of Gapang, Sabang, Aceh Province. Determination of 4 location based on purposive sampling method and analysis of chlorophyll-a concentration and nitrate and phosphate nutrients using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results of the study at 4 location showed that the content of chlorophyll-a at Gapang beach ranged from 25 to 16 mg/L while the concentration of nitrate and phosphate at Gapang beach ranged from 840 to 630 mg/L and 64 to 51 mg/L. The abundance of chlorophyll-a is closely related to the availability of nitrate and phosphate elements so as to know the trophic status of the coastal of Gapang waters. Based on the relationship between chlorophyll-a abundance, nitrate and phosphate concentration indicates that the coastal waters of Gapang, Sabang are included in the category of eutrophic waters.Penelitian tentang pengaruh konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat terhadap kelimpahan klorofil-a di pantai Gapang, Sabang, Provinsi Aceh telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat serta keterkaitannya dengan kelimpahan klorofil-a di perairan pantai Gapang, Sabang, Provinsi Aceh. Penentuan 4 lokasi penelitian berdasarkan metode purposive sampling dan analisis Kelimpahan klorofil-a serta unsur hara nitrat dan fosfat menggunaakan spektroskopi UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian pada 4 lokasi menunjukkan bahwa kandungan klorofil-a di pantai Gapang berkisar antara 25 – 16 mg/L sedangkan konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat di pantai Gapang berkisar 840 - 630 mg/L dan 64 - 51 mg/L. Kelimpahan klorofil-a erat kaitannya dengan ketersediaan unsur nitrat dan fosfat sehingga dapat mengetahui status trofik perairan pantai Gapang. Berdasarkan hubungan antara kelimpahan klorofil-a, konsentrasi unsur hara nitrat dan fosfat mengindikasikan bahwa perairan pantai Gapang, Sabang termasuk dalam kategori perairan eutrofik
Hubungan antara kelimpahan plankton dengan hasil tangkapan ikan tuna madidihang (Thunnus albacares) di Perairan Kepulauan Banda, Ambon
Authors: Chodriyah Umi , Setyadji Bram
Published: September 2017

Study related to plankton community in the Banda Sea and its adjacent sea has been conducted by several authors; However, t information on the relationships between of plankton abundance and catches volume of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares has been never been examined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between plankton abundance and catch volume of yellowfin tuna in Banda Sea Waters, Ambon. The result showed that the highest abundance of phytoplankton (59.259 cell/m3) was found at station 10, around Ambon, Seram and Haruku Island which located in the waters between many river runoffs. While, the highest abundance of zooplankton was 5,483 ind/m3, located around Ambelau Island. Both diversity (H') and evenness (E) index of phytoplankton were at the medium level, and there were no dominant species in this observation. Based on visual observation of remote sensing data, there was an indication of a relationship between the area with high concentration of chlorophyll-a (high phytoplankton biomass) with CPUE value of yellowfin tuna.Studi mengenai komunitas plankton di Laut Banda dan sekitarnya telah banyak dilakukan, akan tetapi telaah hubungan antara kelimpahan dan distribusi plankton dengan aspek perikanan belum banyak dibahas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelimpahan dan distribusi dari komunitas plankton dengan perikanan tuna di Perairan Kepulauan Banda. Kelimpahan fitoplankton tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 10 yang terletak di daerah antara pulau Ambon, Seram dan Haruku (59.259 sel/m3) yang mempunyai akses ke muara-muara sungai di sekitarnya. Sedangkan kelimpahan zooplankton tertinggi terletak di sekitar Pulau Ambelau (stasiun 3), yakni 5.483 ind/m3. Tingkat indeks keanekaragaman (H’) fitoplankton sedang, indek keseragaman (E) rendah hingga sedang, dan tidak ditemukan jenis tertentu yang dominan. Berdasarkan pengamatan visual data penginderaan jauh memberikan indikasi adanya keterkaitan antara daerah dengan konsentrasi klorofil-a yang tinggi (biomassa fitoplankton tinggi) dengan hasil tangkapan per unit upaya penangkapan tuna madidihang.
Bioakumulasi timbal (Pb) dan cadmium (Cd) pada Lamun Cymodocea serrulata di Perairan Bangka Selatan
Authors: Sari Suci Puspita , Rosalina Dwi , Adi Wahyu
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to measure the heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in water, sediment and seagrass Cymodocea serrulata from Southern Bangka waters. The research was conducted in two locations in South Bangka Regency, namely Desa Pasir Putih and Tanjung Kerasak.The sediments, waters, and seagrass were collected using purposive random sampling method. Measurement of water quality data was in situ. Seagrass sampling is done by transect method. The Cd and Pb contents in the Water, sediments and sea grass samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that Cd concentration in water was higher than Pb, with the range of between 0.29 to 0.39 mg/l. Pb was higher than Cd in the sediment ranges between 4.74 to 7.68 mg/kg. The highest Cd concentration was detected at the seagrass leaf with a range of 1.76⎼2.44 mg/kg, while the highest Pb concentration at the seagrass roots ranged from 1.94 ⎼ 6.52 mg/kg. The high content of heavy metals Cd and Pb on seagrass sections, when compared to water and sediments, shows that seagrass accumulates metals derived from water and sediment. The Bioconcentration factor (BCF) showed that seagrass leaves can accumulate Cd of 6.16 and Pb of 5.31. While The BCF value of the seagrass roots is able to accumulate Cd of 0.53 and metal Pb of 0.55Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kandungan logam berat cadmium (Cd) dan timbal (Pb) pada air, sedimen dan lamun Cymodocea serrulata. Penelitian dilakukan di 2 lokasi di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan, yaitu Desa Pasir Putih dan Tanjung Kerasak. Metode Penelitian merupakan penelitian survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampling dalam penelitian ini meliputi sampling kualitas, pengambilan sampel air, sedimen dan lamun menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengukuran data kualitas air dilakukan secara insitu. Pengambilan sampel lamun dilakukan dengan metode transect. Sampel air, sedimen dan lamun dianalisis menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Hasil analisis logam berat Cd dan Pb di air menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Cd di air lebih tinggi daripada Pb, dengan kisaran 0,29⎼0,39 mg/l. Konsentrasi logam berat tertinggi pada sedimen yaitu Pb, berkisar antara 4,74⎼7,68 mg/kg. Konsentrasi Cd tertinggi terdeteksi pada bagian daun lamun dengan kisaran 1,76⎼2,44 mg/kg, sedangkan konsentrasi Pb tertinggi pada akar lamun berkisar antara 1,94 ⎼ 6,52 mg/kg. Tingginya kandungan logam berat Cd dan Pb pada bagian lamun jika dibandingkan di air dan sedimen, menunjukkan bahwa lamun mengakumulasi logam yang berasal dari air dan sedimen. Nilai faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) menunjukkan bahwa daun lamun dapat mengakumulasi logam Cd sebesar 6.16 dan logam Pb sebesar 5,31. Nilai BCF akar lamun dan logam berat menunjukkan bahwa akar lamun mampu mengakumulasi logam Cd sebesar 0,53 dan logam Pb sebesar 0,55.
‘Hustler lives’ and digital dilemmas in Kenya: Young men negotiating work opportunities, life aspirations and mobile phone use
Authors: Tufte Thomas
Published: September 2017

This article explores the livelihoods and media uses of young men in rural, urban and peri-urban Kenya, enquiring into how these young men use digital technologies, mobile phones in particular, in the context of constantly and quite rapidly changing livelihoods. It is a media ethnographic case study offering a gendered perspective upon the lives of male youth in Kenya. Kenya is a country branded as being digitally innovative, disruptive, entrepreneurial and developing new opportunities for Kenyan economic development and for the citizens of Kenya (ICT Authority 2014). By unpacking the socio-economic organization of everyday life and the quotidian use of mobile phones amongst mainly low-income young men in Uasin Gishu County in Rift Valley, this study enquires into the strategies applied by these young men in pursuing their aspirations for a better life. How do they navigate in the context of a rapidly and profoundly changing society informed by policies and discourses of digital innovation? It is a context where mobile phones by government are considered spearheads of digital innovation, disruption and entrepreneurship, but where the everyday usage reveals deeper complexities and contradictions. From reviewing the experiences of 36 young men I have identified work-oriented profiles of three young men. Their profiles, albeit unique, resonate with many of the persistent features of all 36, in how they negotiate work opportunities and media uses in their aspirations for a good life. The three profiles I have identified are (1) the digital entrepreneur; (2) the urban casual worker; and (3) the university student and opinion leader.
The structure of news in Community Audio Towers
Authors: Semujju Brian
Published: September 2017

This article draws attention to the current sensational modernist conceptualization of news as conflict and prominence to argue that news among the poor be understood as activities happening in a village. Findings obtained through observation at two Community Audio Towers (CATs), plus ten key informant interviews with Uganda’s CAT stakeholders at community and national levels, suggest that the global media logic, supported by massive media structures that dictate what news is, finds no relevance in critical local news methodologies. Using the Critical theory, this article concludes that the counter-ideological events redefine the concept of news from conflict and prominence obtained through professional newsmaking cultures to whatever information the village members take to the towers.
Walrus Movements in Smith Sound: A Canada–Greenland Shared Stock + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Flora Janne , Andersen Astrid Oberborbeck , Stewart Robert E.A. , Nielsen Nynne H. , Hansen Rikke G.
Published: September 2017

Fifty of 58 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) instrumented with satellite-linked transmitters in four areas in eastern Smith Sound, Northwest Greenland, during May and June of 2010 – 13 and 2015 provided data for this study. These animals departed from the feeding banks along the Greenland coast in June – July (average 14th June), simultaneously with the disappearance of sea ice from these areas. Most of them moved to Canadian waters in western Smith Sound. The most frequently used summering grounds were along the coasts of Ellesmere Island: on the eastern coast, the area around Alexandra Fiord, Buchanan Bay, and Flagler Bay (west of Kane Basin) and Talbot Inlet farther south, and on the southern coast, Craig Harbour. This distribution of tagged walruses is consistent with prior understanding of walrus movements in summer. In addition, however, nine tracks of these tagged animals entered western Jones Sound and four entered the Penny Strait-Lancaster Sound area, crossing two putative stock boundaries. Since these 13 tracks were made by 12 animals, one walrus entered both areas. It is possible that some of the tracked walruses used terrestrial haul-out sites in the largely ice-free areas of Jones Sound and Lancaster Sound for short periods during the summer, though this cannot be confirmed with certainty. The return migration from western Smith Sound to the wintering area in eastern Smith Sound takes place in October. The tracked walrus showed high affinity to coastal areas, while walruses moving between Greenland and Canada also used offshore areas in Smith Sound. This study demonstrates that the walrus population that winters along the northwestern coast of Greenland is shared more widely in Canada than previously thought and should be managed accordingly.
Seasonal Patterns in Ocean Ambient Noise near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Insley Stephen J. , Halliday William D. , De Jong Tyler
Published: September 2017

Ocean ambient noise is a crucial habitat feature for marine animals because it represents the lower threshold of their acoustically active space. Ambient noise is affected by noise from both natural sources, like wind and ice, and anthropogenic sources, such as shipping and seismic surveys. During the ice-covered season, ambient conditions in the Arctic are quieter than those in other regions because sea ice has a dampening effect. Arctic warming induced by climate change can raise noise levels by reducing sea ice coverage and increasing human activity, and these changes may negatively affect several species of marine mammals and other acoustically sensitive marine fauna. We document ambient noise off the west coast of Banks Island near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, to provide baseline noise levels for the eastern Beaufort Sea. Noise levels were comparable to those found in other studies of the Canadian Arctic and Alaska and were typically much lower than levels reported farther south. Stronger wind increased noise, whereas greater ice concentration decreased it, dampening the effect of wind speed. Future work should expand monitoring to other locations in the Arctic, model the impact of increased human activities on ambient noise levels, and predict the impact of these changing levels on marine animals.
The Relationship between Airport Infrastructure and Flight Arrivals in Remote Northern Canadian Communities
Authors: Widener Michael J. , Saxe Shoshanna , Galloway Tracey
Published: September 2017

Much of Canada’s northern population resides in communities that are inaccessible by road for a substantial portion of the year. Residents of these “fly-in” communities rely on aircraft to provide a wide range of social, economic, and transportation services. However, for numerous reasons, including the often extreme environmental conditions in the circumpolar regions of Canada, a substantial number of flights to these communities are cancelled or diverted. Using a dataset from two airlines that serve the western portion of this region with information about schedules, delays, and cancellations of more than 18 500 flights, we examined the links between airport infrastructure, flight arrival reliability, and a variety of socioeconomic variables in 23 northern communities. Results show that runway length has a significant impact on the reliability of flight arrival, but also that the reliability of flights may not affect the cost of food in the communities included in our analysis. These findings provide evidence that lengthening runways could improve air service in the Canadian North.
Evaluating Evidence for Historical Anadromous Salmon Runs in Eklutna Lake, Alaska
Authors: Loso Michael , Finney Bruce , Johnson Richard , Sinnott Rick
Published: September 2017

We assessed historical presence of sockeye salmon in Eklutna Lake, Alaska, prior to construction of a diversion dam on the downstream Eklutna River in 1929, using nitrogen stable isotopes measured in a lacustrine core 93 cm long. Sediments in the core were dated using varve counts, verified by 210Pb and 137Cs measurements. The basal date of the core was AD 1859, and varves became slightly thinner and less distinct after 1929. Sediments were primarily clastic with carbon content below 1%. Nitrogen isotope values were generally low and stable throughout the core, ranging from 1.5‰ to 2.5‰. There is no statistical evidence for a change in isotopic composition after emplacement of the dam. In light of published evidence from oral history, cultural records, and habitat relationships that suggest sockeye salmon could have been present in the lake before 1929, we conducted a simple sensitivity test to assess the possibility that a small salmon run may have gone undetected by our technique. We found that a salmon run of up to 1000/year, and potentially as many as 15 000/year, would be possible without noticeably altering the measured isotopic composition of the sediments in Eklutna Lake. Our results provide no evidence that such runs occurred, but do not preclude the possible existence of a relatively small sockeye fishery in Eklutna Lake before 1929.
Aerial Survey Estimates of Abundance of the Eastern Chukchi Sea Stock of Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in 2012
Authors: Lowry Lloyd F. , Kingsley Michael C.S. , Hauser Donna D.W. , Clarke Janet , Suydam Robert
Published: September 2017

The eastern Chukchi Sea (ECS) stock of beluga whales is one of three stocks in western Alaska that are co-managed by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee. Abundance of this stock was estimated as 3710 in 1991 from incomplete data. Analysis of data from satellite-linked time-depth recorders (SDRs) attached to belugas in summer concentration areas of the ECS and Beaufort Sea (BS) stocks provided an overview of beluga distribution and movements and allowed the identification of an area (140˚ W to 157˚ W in the BS) and a time period (19 July – 20 August) in which the distributions of the two stocks do not overlap. Aerial survey data were collected by the Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM) project in that region and time period in 2012. We used those data in a line transect analysis that estimated there were 5547 (CV = 0.22) surface-visible belugas in the study area. Data from SDRs were used to develop correction factors to account for animals that were missed because they were either outside of the study area or diving too deep to be seen, resulting in a total abundance estimate of 20 752 (CV = 0.70). The average annual Alaska Native subsistence harvest from the ECS stock (57) is about 0.3% of the population estimate. Without data collected by the ASAMM project and from satellite-linked tags, this analysis would not have been possible. Additional surveys and tagging of ECS belugas are warranted.
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) Migration from Maternal Dens in Western Hudson Bay
Authors: Yee Meredith , Reimer Jody , Lunn Nicholas J. , Togunov Ron R. , Pilfold Nicholas J. , McCall Alysa G. , Derocher Andrew E.
Published: September 2017

Migration is a common life history strategy among Arctic vertebrates, yet some of its aspects remain poorly described for some species. In February-March, post-parturient polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in western Hudson Bay, Canada, migrate from maternity den sites on land to the sea ice with three- to four-month-old cubs. We investigated this migration using data from 10 adult females fitted with satellite-linked global positioning system collars tracked in 2011 – 16. Directed movement towards the coast began on average on 1 March (range: 31 January to 23 March) and took a mean of 7.8 days to reach the coast. Bears traveled 18 to 100 km from their dens to the coast (mean = 63 km) at a mean rate of 6.7 km/d. Movements were highly directed, with an approximate northeast orientation, but did not follow the shortest path to the coast. Observed migration patterns were broadly similar to those previously documented, although mean departure date from dens was about four days earlier and mean movement rate was only 40% of that from the late 1990s. Given the sensitivity of polar bears to climate change, the phenology of denning may be a meaningful parameter for long-term monitoring.
The Sea of Ice and the Icy Sea: The Arctic Frame of Frankenstein
Authors: Cavell Janice
Published: September 2017

It has become common for scholars to understand the Arctic framing narrative of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein as a commentary on the northern expeditions sent out by the British Admiralty after the Napoleonic Wars. According to this view, the character Robert Walton is a surrogate for John Barrow, the principal organizer of the Admiralty expeditions. This article demonstrates that chronological factors make such an interpretation untenable. Yet the process through which the far North became the setting for Frankenstein’s opening and closing scenes is of great importance for understanding the evolution of the novel into its final complex form and with regard to broader considerations about the Arctic’s place in Romantic literary culture. The article suggests other sources for the Arctic frame, most notably the 1815 plan by whaler William Scoresby for a sledge expedition toward the North Pole. Although Scoresby’s lecture was not published until 1818, reports appeared in newspapers and periodicals soon after the lecture was given. There is strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that Mary Shelley read these reports. By tracing the likely influence of Scoresby and other Arctic writers on Frankenstein, the article both sheds new light on the novel itself and demonstrates the extent of the Arctic’s presence in European culture even before the famous Admiralty expeditions.
Testing for Geographic Variation in Survival of Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) Populations in Chukotka, Russia and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Authors: Solovyeva Diana V. , Kokhanova Vera Yu. , Gabrielson Melissa , Christie Katherine S.
Published: September 2017

Information on variation in survival among geographically distinct breeding populations can produce valuable insights about the population dynamics of a species. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta sub-population of Spectacled Eiders in Alaska decreased precipitously between the 1950s and 1990s. Causes for this decline are unknown but may be attributed to low female survival due to predation and lead exposure on the breeding grounds. From 2014 to 2015, we compared annual survival probabilities of Spectacled Eiders on Kigigak Island in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and Ayopechan Island in the Chaun Delta, Chukotka, where similar field protocols were implemented. A Cormack-Jolly-Seber maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate apparent survival (φ) and recapture probability (p) from mark-resight data. We tested a) whether Russian and Alaskan sub-populations differed in their survival rates, b) whether survival varied annually, and c) whether survival followed an increasing or decreasing trend over time at either site. We found no evidence for differing survival between the two breeding areas when mean survival across years was compared, and we did not find strong evidence for a linear trend in survival over time at either site. Furthermore, our data supported models with annually varying survival at Kigigak Island and constant survival at Ayopechan Island. Sample size constraints precluded estimates of annual survival at Ayopechan Island. Our finding of no difference in mean survival between sites lends support to the idea that survival may be a function of conditions on the wintering grounds.
Felicidade! Passei no vestibular, mas a faculdade é particular: Paradoxos da educação superior brasileira
Authors: Silva Junior Annor da , Martins-Silva Priscilla de Oliveria , Vasconcelos Katia Cyrlene de Araújo , Silva Vitor Correa da , Melo Mariana Ramos de
Published: September 2017

Inspirado no samba clássico de Martinho da Vila, discutimos neste ensaio teórico os paradoxos da educação superior brasileira. Para isso, traçamos a evolução da educação superior desde o período colonial até a atualidade. Com base nesta evolução identificamos os seguintes paradoxos: a fronteira entre o público e o privado; o papel e as características das Instituições de Educação Superior (IES), em termos do regime tributário, da transparência na divulgação de informações e na prestação de contas à sociedade; e, por fim, o papel da educação superior e sua influência nos processos de inclusão e/ou de exclusão social para dois dos principais atores sociais envolvidos: os discentes e os docentes. O ponto central dos paradoxos parece estar na concepção de educação como um bem público e direito social e na prática vivenciada da educação como uma mercadoria. A análise desses paradoxos remete ao entendimento de que a educação não cumpre efetivamente o seu papel na inclusão social de discentes e docentes, pelo contrário, atua como mecanismo de exclusão social. Com isso, é relevante repensar a educação superior como forma de resolver esses paradoxos e viabilizar a formação de “pequenos burgueses” em vez de “pobres coitados”.
Stress e desempenho acadêmico na pós-graduação stricto sensu em ciências contábeis no Brasil
Authors: Rezende Marise Santana de , Miranda Gilberto José , Pereira Janser Moura , Cornacchione Júnior Edgard Bruno
Published: September 2017

O ingresso na pós-graduação é visto como uma transição importante na vida de um discente, visto que esse período pode ser entendido como um processo que envolve uma série de mudanças, pressões e cobranças que passam a exigir do indivíduo que ele se adapte ao contexto acadêmico.  A partir dessa percepção, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar e analisar a relação entre stress e desempenho acadêmico percebido pelos discentes de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Ciências Contábeis no Brasil. Para a realização desta pesquisa, foi investigada uma amostra de 309 alunos (24,08% da população) que cursavam pós-graduação em Ciências Contábeis. Por meio da Análise de Regressão Múltipla em duas etapas, pode-se constatar que a linha de pesquisa, a condição de bolsista e a idade do programa, além de preocupações e dificuldades inerentes ao processo, influenciam significativamente o nível de stress do discente. Também foi constatado que o desempenho acadêmico anterior do aluno e o nível de stress são significativos na explicação do desempenho atual. Esses resultados evidenciam a importância de se monitorarem os estressores acima identificados, notadamente, a partir de políticas de avaliação da pós-graduação no Brasil.
Einzigartige Chance ergreifen
Authors: Führ Vivien , Erdmenger Christoph
Published: September 2017

In Deutschland für viele eine alte, nicht sonderlich geschätzte Bekannte, macht sie in Europa nun eine steile Karriere: die umweltfreundliche Beschaffung. Be­reits vor 25 Jahren ließen einige Kommunen in Deutschland ihren Appellen an die Bürger, sich im Alltag umweltfreundlich zu verhalten, auch Taten beim eige­nen Einkauf folgen. Nun haben skandinavische Länder und auch die Europäische Union die öffentliche Beschaffung – nicht zuletzt als Instrument einer Integrier­ten Produktpolitik – wieder entdeckt.
Die Grenzen der Selbstverpflichtung
Authors: Martens Jens
Published: September 2017

Die meisten NGOs und Gewerkschaften waren stets skeptisch gegenüber frei­willigen Selbstverpflichtungen der Wirtschaft. Diese Skepsis hat ihren Ursprung nicht in der ideologischen Ablehnung privater Eigeninitiative oder einer blinden Staatsgläubigkeit. Sie gründet vielmehr in den Erfahrungen mit der alltäglichen Praxis vieler Unternehmen. Allzu oft besteht bis heute eine erhebliche Kluft zwischen den verbalen Verpflichtungen der Unternehmen zu ökologischem und sozialem Handeln und den realen Auswirkungen ihrer Aktivitäten auf Menschen und Umwelt.
Die Zukunft ist jetzt
Authors: Hirschfeld Jesko , Mohaupt Franziska , Buchholz Frank
Published: September 2017

Über die Entwicklung des Waldes in den nächsten hundert Jahren wird bereits heute entschieden. Zu fragen ist daher nicht nur, welche Zukunft sich gegenwärtig abzeichnet, sondern auch, wie die Zukunft von Wald und Landnutzung nachhaltig gestaltet werden kann.
Energieeinsparung - Thema der Zukunft
Authors: Spelthahn Sabine
Published: September 2017

Was in der Bundesrepublik noch undenkbar erscheint, in Dänemark ist es möglich: Die Vereinigung der Elektrizitätswerke veranstaltete die erste internationale Konferenz über Energieeinsparung mit dem Schwerpunkt Elektrizitätseinsparung 1.-4. September in Kopenhagen mit fast 500 Teilnehmern aus aller Welt. Ebenfalls zum Thema Energieeinsparung veröffentlichte die IEA (International Energy Agency) im Frühjahr eine umfangreiche Studie (IEA/OECD, Energy Conservation in IEA Countries, Paris 1987).
Rational bubbles in a monetary economy
Authors: Zhou Ge
Published: September 2017

This study explores rational bubbles in a monetary economy using an endogenous growth model with status seeking. Rational bubbles may arise when the money growth rate is higher than some threshold level. In a bubbly economy, a higher money growth rate leads to a larger bubble size, while the monetary policy is super-neutral. However, in a bubbleless economy, the monetary policy is non-neutral. Based on a comparative analysis of the calibrated model, I argue that an optimal monetary policy that maximizes the social welfare of a bubbleless economy may trigger bubbles and hurt the economy.
Spectral Approximation of Fractional PDEs in Image Processing and Phase Field Modeling
Authors: Antil Harbir , Bartels Sören
Published: September 2017

Fractional differential operators provide an attractive mathematical tool
to model effects with limited regularity properties. Particular examples
are image processing and phase field models in which jumps across lower
dimensional subsets and sharp transitions across interfaces are of
interest. The numerical solution of corresponding model problems via
a spectral method is analyzed. Its efficiency
and features of the model problems are illustrated by numerical experiments.
Improving diagnosis in health care: perspectives from the American College of Radiology
Authors: Allen Bibb , Chatfield Mythreyi , Burleson Judy , Thorwarth William T.
Published: September 2017

In September of 2014, the American College of Radiology joined a number of other organizations in sponsoring the 2015 National Academy of Medicine report, Improving Diagnosis In Health Care. Our presentation to the Academy emphasized that although diagnostic errors in imaging are commonly considered to result only from failures in disease detection or misinterpretation of a perceived abnormality, most errors in diagnosis result from failures in information gathering, aggregation, dissemination and ultimately integration of that information into our patients’ clinical problems. Diagnostic errors can occur at any point on the continuum of imaging care from when imaging is first considered until results and recommendations are fully understood by our referring physicians and patients. We used the concept of the Imaging Value Chain and the ACR’s Imaging 3.0 initiative to illustrate how better information gathering and integration at each step in imaging care can mitigate many of the causes of diagnostic errors. Radiologists are in a unique position to be the aggregators, brokers and disseminators of information critical to making an informed diagnosis, and if radiologists were empowered to use our expertise and informatics tools to manage the entire imaging chain, diagnostic errors would be reduced and patient outcomes improved. Heath care teams should take advantage of radiologists’ ability to fully manage information related to medical imaging, and simultaneously, radiologists must be ready to meet these new challenges as health care evolves. The radiology community stands ready work with all stakeholders to design and implement solutions that minimize diagnostic errors.
Back pain in pregnancy among office workers: risk factors and its impact on quality of life
Authors: Ng Beng Kwang , Kipli Mardiana , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir , Shohaimi Suhaila , Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah , Lim Pei Shan
Published: September 2017

Background

Back pain is a common presenting complaint during pregnancy and it is often being considered as part of the pregnancy process. The purpose of the study is to investigate the prevalence of back pain in pregnancy, risk factors and its impact on the quality of life in pregnant women.

Materials and methods

Three hundred and fifty-eight pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre were recruited in this cross-sectional study from October 2011 until April 2012. The back pain was further classified into lumbar pain and posterior pelvic pain. The severity of back pain was assessed using visual analoque scale (VAS) and the functional limitation was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ).

Result

The prevalence of back pain in pregnancy was 84.6%. Occupation and previous history of back pain were associated with back pain in pregnancy. In terms of functional limitation disability, total ODQ score was statistically significant correlate with severity of pain (VAS score). Personal care, sitting, standing, sex life and social life were significantly affected.

Conclusion

The risk factors for back pain in pregnancy were type of occupation and history of back pain. The higher VAS score, the more ODQ will be affected. Personal care, sitting, standing, sex life and social life were significantly affected.
The effects of high and low doses of folic acid on oxidation of protein levels during pregnancy: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Shiralizadeh Javad , Barmaki Haleh , Haiaty Sanya , Faridvand Yousef , Mostafazadeh Mostafa , Mokarizadeh Narmin , Kamrani Amir , Isazadeh Alireza , Maroufi Nazila Fathi
Published: September 2017

Objective

Oxidants include important active molecules which are created in the body and attack biological molecules especially lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins, and cause oxidation and various diseases in the body. Antioxidants existing in the body help to avoid the incidence of these injuries. Pregnant women are among those where oxidation of biological molecules may do irreparable damage to them and their embryos. So, the purpose of this study was to review the effect of folic acid with both high (5 mg/day) and low (0.5 mg/day) doses on the changes of oxidative protein in reducing plasma homocystein concentration during pregnancy.

Materials and methods

Forty-five pregnant women participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: group 1 included 23 women who received 5 mg/day folic acid and group 2 included 23 women who took 0.5 mg/day folic acid before pregnancy till the 36th week pregnancy. We measured the biochemical variables in the serum of pregnant women at the beginning and at the end of the study.

Results

Folic acid reduced plasma homocytein in both low and high dose groups (p = 0.035, p = 0.012, respectively). Also, the results showed that folic acid prescription led to reduce plasma level of carbonyl groups in both low and high dose groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, the results showed that there is no significant difference between two groups and folic acid affects both groups equally.

Conclusion

It is possible that folic acid administration can reduce plasma homocysteine and carbonyl levels during pregnancy in dose independent manner
Spatial Dynamics, Vocational Education and Chinese Economic Growth
Authors: Gu Jiafeng
Published: September 2017

Few would deny the contribution of vocational education on economic growth and social development, but the spatial dynamics behind the economic role of vocational education in transition economies has not been examined by the literature on economics of education. Specifically, two hypotheses are tested. First, the economic growth and vocational education development have significant global spatial autocorrelation, which means the development of economy and vocational education of one province depends on the economic or education level of neighboring provinces. Second, the economic growth and vocational education development have significant local spatial autocorrelation. With per capital GDP and vocational education scale data of 31 provinces in China from 1995 to 2008, both hypotheses are supported. Finally, the results show that the elasticity with spatial metrics is 1.522, which means the stronger economic role of vocational education because the elasticity is larger than 1, while the elasticity without spatial dynamics is only 0.926 which implies the weak economic role of vocational education. It also shows that the OLS model is confronted with the risk of spurious regression without considering spatial dynamics and the spatial error model is preferred because it’s robust.
The Differential Algorithm for American Put Option with Transaction Costs under CEV Model
Authors: Yin Zhao , Tan Chang
Published: September 2017

This paper mainly studies the American put option pricing with transaction costs in the CEV process. The specific Crank-Nicolson form of numerical solution is obtained by the finite difference method. On this basis, Hong Kong stock CKH option is selected as the object to estimate option price. Finally, by comparing with the actual price, the American put option pricing model is verified as reasonable. This paper is significant to the rational pricing and the institutional construction of the upcoming stock options in mainland China.
Nonlinear Dynamics of International Gold Prices: Conditional Heteroskedasticity or Chaos?
Authors: Huang Xiaowei , Yu Mei , Ban Chengwei
Published: September 2017

Taking the special nonlinear characteristics of the domestic and international gold price into account, this paper systematically analyzed its nonlinearity by the methods of BDS test, R/S analysis and improved largest Lyapunov exponent. We find three main results: (1) ARMA-GARCH model could adequately explain the linear and nonlinear dependence of gold price series; (2) long-memory does not exist anymore in price series explained by ARMA-GARCH model; (3) chaos phenomenon which is sensitive to the initial value does not exist either in the residuals of regression model. Therefore, we believe that the nonlinearity of gold price is mainly characterized in conditional heteroscedasticity rather than chaos.
Design and Pricing of Chinese Contingent Convertible Bonds
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Jie
Published: September 2017

The financial crisis since 2007 has highlighted the fragility of the banking system. To address this deficiency, the Basel committee has agreed upon Basel III which consists of reinforcing banks’ capital through new regulatory requirements. Raising additional funds by issuing common equity would lead to a significant cost for banks. Facing the problem, regulators came up with the concept of contingent capital. Contingent convertible (Coco) bonds have been the topic as both a solution to the “too big to fail” problem and a measure by which financial institutions can save themselves. In this paper we first give the introduction of Coco bonds, then present the design of Chinese Coco bonds and pricing Coco bonds through an equity derivative approach as well as sensitivity analysis based on B-S-M hypothesis. Considering that the stock return follows fat-tail distribution, this paper uses Heston stochastic volatility model to price Coco bonds. Finally we give some proposals for developing Coco bonds market in China.
A Robust Factor Analysis Model for Dichotomous Data
Authors: Yang Yixin , Lü Xin , Ma Jian , Qiao Han
Published: September 2017

Factor analysis is widely used in psychology, sociology and economics, as an analytically tractable method of reducing the dimensionality of the data in multivariate statistical analysis. The classical factor analysis model in which the unobserved factor scores and errors are assumed to follow the normal distributions is often criticized because of its lack of robustness. This paper introduces a new robust factor analysis model for dichotomous data by using robust distributions such as multivariatet-distribution. After comparing the fitting results of the normal factor analysis model and the robust factor analysis model for dichotomous data, it can been seen that the robust factor analysis model can get more accurate analysis results in some cases, which indicates this model expands the application range and practical value of the factor analysis model.
Non-linear Integer Programming Model and Algorithms for Connected p-facility Location Problem
Authors: Zhu Jianming
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a new location analysis method is presented. Given a connected graphG= (V, E)with nonnegative edge costcefor each edgee∊E,dijis the cost of the shortest path between verticesiandjin the graph. TheConnected p-facility Location Problem(CpLP) is to choosepvertices fromVso as to minimize the total cost of shortest path of pair-wise of thesepvertices. This problem is proved to be NP-hard and non-linear integer programming is formulated. Then, two algorithms are designed for solving the CpLP. One is a heuristic algorithm based on classical maximum clique approach, while the second one is genetic algorithm. Finally, computational results show the comparison between these two algorithms.
Uncertain Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on Expected Value
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Fu Youhua
Published: September 2017

The author presents a new comprehensive evaluation method based on uncertainty theory in this paper. According to this kind of method, the evaluation quality of each evaluated index given by every expert is regarded as an uncertain variable. Then a comparison rule of uncertain comprehensive evaluation is proposed by means of expected value of uncertain variable. Some properties about the comparison rule are discussed. At last, an example about the comparison of urban environment quality is given to illustrate the uncertain comprehensive evaluation method.
MSVM Recognition Model for Dynamic Process Abnormal Pattern Based on Multi-Kernel Functions
Authors: Liu Yumin , Zhou Haofei
Published: September 2017

Recognition of quality abnormal patterns for a dynamic process has seen increasing demands nowadays in the real-time process fault detection and diagnosis. As the dynamic data from a quality abnormal process is linearly inseparable, the recognition efficiency of a support vector machine (SVM) model mainly depends on the selection of the kernel functions and the optimizing of their parameters. Based on the analysis of the quality abnormal patterns in a dynamic process, this paper presents a recognition framework of quality abnormal patterns by using a multi-SVM (MSVM). For the different quality abnormal patterns, the simulation results indicate that the recognition accuracies of the MSVM classifiers with the selected kernel functions are quite different. A MSVM recognition model for quality abnormal patterns in a dynamic process is proposed by the kernel functions being of high accuracies. It is shown that this MSVM model with suitable kernel functions can increase the recognition accuracy.
Towards equivalence links between senses in plWordNet and Princeton WordNet
Authors: Rudnicka Ewa , Bond Francis , Grabowski Łukasz , Piasecki Maciej , Piotrowski Tadeusz
Published: September 2017

The paper focuses on the issue of creating equivalence links in the domain of bilingual computational lexicography. The existing interlingual links between plWordNet and Princeton WordNet synsets (sets of synonymous lexical units – lemma and sense pairs) are re-analysed from the perspective of equivalence types as defined in traditional lexicography and translation. Special attention is paid to cognitive and translational equivalents. A proposal of mapping lexical units is presented. Three types of links are defined: super-strong equivalence, strong equivalence and weak implied equivalence. The strong equivalences have a common set of formal, semantic and usage features, with some of their values slightly loosened for strong equivalence. These will be introduced manually by trained lexicographers. The sense-mapping will partly draw on the results of the existing synset mapping. The lexicographers will analyse lists of pairs of synsets linked by interlingual relations such as synonymy, partial synonymy, hyponymy and hypernymy. They will also consult bilingual dictionaries and check translation probabilities in a parallel corpus. The results of the proposed mapping have great application potential in the area of natural language processing, translation and language learning.
Mediating terror through narratives A corpus-based approach to media translation
Authors: Constantinou Maria
Published: September 2017

The present study sets out to investigate how terror and terrorism are mediated through narratives of translation by Greek online newspapers. Combining Critical Discourse Analysis (
Stance and intersubjective positioning across scientific discourse genres: Negative and modal epistemic discourse strategies
Authors: Hidalgo-Downing Laura
Published: September 2017

The present article explores stance and stancetaking in two genres of scientific discourse, by analysing the discourse-pragmatic functions of epistemic modals and negation. The semantics and pragmatics of modals in specialised discourses has been the focus of attention in recent years (
Gender parity or “informed consent” in media representations of science and technology? A corpus-based discourse approach
Authors: Sousa Alcina Pereira de , Silva João
Published: September 2017

The present article offers a contrastive analysis of articles published online by two media outlets of two different countries (Portugal and the USA) dealing with science, technology and interrelated topics. In so doing, the goal is to explore the role played by gender dynamics in the pragmatic strategies which underlie the communication of scientific knowledge to the wider audiences by the mainstream media. The multi-layered interpretative approach centred on corpus-based (critical) discourse analysis and visual semiotics adopted in this paper, it is argued, allows for a more holistic understanding of the role played by the media in the perpetuation of power imbalance and gender stereotypes among their readership(s), better understood here as discursive communities, and their everyday communicative practices. It is further suggested that an analysis of how knowledge is mediatized can offer ways into understanding wider cultural patterns and values.
I-identity vs we-identity in language and discourse: Anglo-Slavonic perspectives
Authors: Larina Tatiana V. , Ozyumenko Vladimir I. , Kurteš Svetlana
Published: September 2017

Being a much-studied concept in the social and political sciences and cultural studies (
Political Cycles in Military Deployment
Authors: Buts Caroline , Bois Cind Du , Raes Steffi
Published: September 2017

The determinants of military deployment have been extensively discussed in the literature. Empirical studies indicate that, next to the international security arena, also domestic socio-economic variables play an important role. For example, wealth and size of the supplying nation tend to positively influence the number of military troops being deployed. The present study contributes to this literature by focusing on a set of political variables, i.e. the effect of upcoming elections as well as the composition of government. For a cross-sectional time-series of 34 democratic countries, covering the period from 1990 until 2014, we run a linear (fixed effects) panel regression model correcting for a first order autoregressive disturbance term as well as linear dynamic models with diverse corrections. When studying deployment at country level, we find a negative and significant impact of elections on the number of troops deployed, meaning that a country deploys fewer troops close to elections. As for government composition, we observe that rather central administrations deploy substantially fewer troops than right- or left-wing governments.