bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method for HPR Critical Routes Identification and Evaluation
Authors: Thakur Shivam , Salunke Omkar , Ambuskar Mandar , Pandey Lokesh
Published: December 2024

Heavy-duty vehicles, particularly those towing higher weights, require a continuous/secondary braking system. While conventional vehicles employ Retarder or Engine brake systems, electric vehicles utilize recuperation for continuous braking. In a state where HV Battery is at 100% of SOC, recuperated energy from vehicle operation is passed on to HPR and it converts electrical energy into waste heat energy. This study focuses on identification of routes which are critical for High Power Brake Resistors (HPRs), by analyzing the elevation data of existing charging stations, the route’s slope distribution, and the vehicle’s battery SOC. This research ultimately suggests a method to identify HPR critical vehicle operational routes which can be useful for energy efficient route planning algorithms, leading to significant cost savings for customers and contributing to environmental sustainability.
Precise and Robust SoC Estimation Using Adaptive Filters-Based Techniques for Electric Trucks
Authors: Kumar Raman , AHMAD MD SAIF , Challa Krishna , Ranjan Ashish , Bayya Madhuri
Published: December 2024

The traction for zero emission vehicles in the transportation industry is creating a focus on Battery Electric vehicles (BEV) as one of the potential alternate powertrain sources. To operate BEV safely and efficiently battery operating conditions and health is of utmost importance.

Battery management system (BMS) controller is needed for optimized and safe operation of high voltage (HV) battery. For correct behavior of BMS, accuracy of state of charge (SoC) estimation is important. SoC is an important and decisive factor for deciding operating limits such as current limits, voltage limits and battery operational range (charge-discharge interval). Inaccurate SoC estimation can accelerate battery aging and cause damage to it.

The current state of art deploys coulomb counting technique for SoC calculation, this approach encounters challenges like sensor noises and initial SoC error (carried from the previous charge-discharge cycle). This paper mainly focuses on exploring various techniques to minimize errors in the SoC calculation. Extensions of Kalman filters are modelled, parameterized, and studied to negotiate the limitations of present SoC estimation techniques. Further, robustness against interference noise and initial error is carried out to ensure the filter performance. These simulation results are validated against actual test data for real time correlation.
Revolutionizing Simulink Model Management with Conduit Frameworks
Authors: Agrawal Vipul , TE Harikrishna , N Prajitha , Kumar Kosalaraman , Venkat Harish , Shaji Anish
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive implementation of various Conduit frameworks designed to manage the hygiene of Simulink models in control systems and enhance them to meet industry standards such as MAB, MISRA, Polyspace, and CERT. The core challenge addressed is the minimization of repetitive work and the elimination of cognitive workload. Beginners often struggle to create Simulink models that adhere to industry standards, and keeping track of all the standards can be challenging. Given the complexity and size of these models, manual processing is time-consuming. Our Conduit frameworks help enhance their models for adherence to those standards, improving efficiency by up to 95% and utilizing machine intelligence to process large amounts of code efficiently. The Conduit frameworks also automate non value added (NVA) activities, including updates in properties of variables, checking for unwanted data types that develop during internal calculations of Simulink blocks, and variable name changes according to industry standards.
Comparative Analysis of BIW Subassembly Simulation Techniques AutoForm vs LS-DYNA
Authors: Talawar Vaishnavchandan , Nalam Swaroop Raju , Dhanajkar Narendra , Kumar Ajay , Pasupathy Vivekanand , Chava Seshadri
Published: December 2024

Assembly simulation plays a pivotal role in predicting and optimizing the distortion of an assembly, particularly in the automotive industry where precision and efficiency are paramount. In BIW parts assembly, factors such as clamping, mechanical & thermal joining, and loading direction are important. These factors affect the quality of the final assembly. Predicting and optimizing these parameters in the early design stage can help reduce development time, cost and improve the quality of the final product. Currently, LS-DYNA is used for closures like doors, hoods, and fenders. However, the pre-processing, computation and post-processing time is significantly high in LS-DYNA making it challenging to use for the Entire BIW. Employing a comprehensive approach, authors assess the distortion results, preprocessing, calculation, and post-processing time of both simulation techniques. Notably, the study reveals that AutoForm offers over 50%-time savings across all stages compared to LS-DYNA without compromising result accuracy. Moreover, AutoForm demonstrates reduced resource utilization and calculation costs, making it a compelling choice for BIW subassembly simulations. By leveraging advanced simulation tools like AutoForm, manufacturers can expedite the design process while maintaining stringent quality standards, thus gaining a competitive edge in the market.
Dynamic Modeling of Torque & Emissions: Digital Twin to Simulate Combustion Process and Exhaust Emissions for Diagnostics & Prognostics Applications
Authors: Singh Prabhsharn , Thakare Ujval , Hivarkar Umesh
Published: December 2024

As a journey to green initiatives, one of the focus areas for automotive industry is reducing environmental impact especially in case of internal combustion engines. Latest digital twin technology enable modelling complicated, fast and unsteady phenomena including the changes of emission gases concentration and output torque observed during diesel emission and combustion process. This paper presents research on the emission and combustion characteristics of a heavy vehicle diesel engine, elaborating an engineered architecture for prognostics/diagnostics, state monitoring, and performance trending of heavy-duty vehicle engine (HDVE) and after treatment system (ATS).

The proposed architecture leverages advanced modeling methodologies to ensure precise predictions and diagnostics, using data-driven techniques, the architecture accurately model’s engine and exhaust system behaviors under various operating conditions. For exhaust system, architecture demonstrates encouraging predictive performance in estimating engine/tailpipe NOx-emissions. This development introduces novel method for calculating health scores, particularly for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems which enhances diagnostic capabilities, enabling early detection of issues such as reduced conversion efficiency. By accurately predicting emissions and identifying potential problems early, the architecture helps ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. Additionally, the architecture considers vehicle dynamics, especially in the context of drivetrain health. The Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) model for torque estimation is crucial for understanding the dynamic behavior of the engine and its impact on overall vehicle performance. By monitoring and analyzing deviations in predicted torque, the architecture provides insights into the health and performance of the drivetrain, facilitating timely interventions and maintenance actions to ensure optimal vehicle dynamics and reliability.

This study presents an architecture that integrates emission and vehicle dynamics models with prognostics health asset framework offering a holistic approach to predictive maintenance for HDVE and ATS
Integrated Vehicle Thermal Systems Simulation-Based Approach for Sizing of e-Truck Radiator and Fan
Authors: Koti Shivakumar , Patel Vedant , Challa Krishna , Gurdak Michael
Published: December 2024

Properly sized under hood components in an electric vehicle is important for effective thermal cooling at different load conditions. Powertrain aggregate loop plays significant role in generating heat with heat sources like eMotor, inverter, variable frequency drivers, on board charger and so on. Radiator being the most critical part in electric vehicle which acts as a heat sink for these powertrain components. Radiator with the help of coolant removes heat generated by different components in powertrain loop. It becomes important to understand the heat generated by the powertrain components at different drive/load scenarios and decide on the correctly sized radiator and fan. Rightly sized radiator and fan combination helps to balance the tradeoff of precise thermal needs in eTruck to an oversized/undersized component.

Main objective of this study is to estimate heat loads from system model representing powertrain aggregate components to study the existing radiator capacity and propose the properly sized radiator and fan. Present work is carried out using both 3D and 1D commercial CFD software's STAR-CCM+ and GT-SUITE respectively. Air mass flow rates on the condenser and radiator for different vehicle speed and fan speed is calculated using STAR-CCM+ with the full vehicle model. Vehicle underhood parts are represented in COOL 3D software with given radiator, condenser and fan specifications by supplier. Powertrain loop with all the plumbing and components are modelled in GT-SUITE. All these models are integrated in GT-SUITE and calibrated with test data in terms of flow and thermal.

Gradeability and startability assessment and validation are carried out for realistic load scenarios using an integrated model. Radiator capacity and offsets in capacity requirements, along with the combination of fan size, are analyzed under different ambient conditions, heat loads, and vehicle speeds. This is done using a design of experiments approach to develop a speed derating matrix related to gradeability and startability. The studies are further extended to propose the optimum size of the radiator and fan, considering the worst-case heat load scenarios and vehicle speeds. Comprehensive radiator and fan sizing proposals, developed through an extended simulation framework, helped achieve optimum cooling and ensure no speed derating occurrences.
CAE Simulation Based Structural Assessment of Steering Wheel
Authors: Rathore Gopal Singh , Kumar Ankit , Chauhan Adesh Kumar , Das A.P. , Sahu Hemanta Kumar
Published: December 2024

The structural integrity of the steering wheel is important for vehicle operations. It is subjected to various load conditions during the vehicle motion. It thus becomes important to understand various aspects of the same which include stiffness, natural frequency, and regulatory requirements i.e. body block test, head form impact test, etc. Simulation plays an important role in understanding the structural integrity and validation requirements of products at the design stage itself.

This paper discusses the modeling and simulation of the steering wheel at both the armature level and the complete steering wheel level. As armature is critical from a structural strength and stiffness point of view, certain simulations like modal analysis are performed first at the armature level, and design iterations were done to achieve the natural frequency target.

The list of simulations performed includes modal analysis, bending rigidity, static compression, bending stiffness, body block test and head form test as per AIS-096. Simulation results which include deformation, stress, energy absorption and 'g' levels during impact were studied.
An Experimental Approach to Investigate the Thrust Bearing Failure during Engine Durability Evaluation in Natural Aspirated Engine
Authors: Kumar Ashok , P Prasath , Choubisa Manas , Sau Sanjoy
Published: December 2024

This paper analyses the causes of thrust bearing failure during engine durability evaluations in naturally aspirated engine. The primary objective is to provide an experimental methodology for engineers and researchers investigating such failures. By employing Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), the study identifies potential sources of failure and recommends measures to minimize or eliminate them. The research focuses on a case study involving the observation of thrust bearing chip-off after engine durability test. Root cause analysis was conducted using vibration, rotational fluctuation, and dynamic crank axial measurements. Time domain data analysis was performed to establish the failure mechanism, and the impact of the testing setup was discussed based on this mechanism. Additionally, the study considers the effect of subsystems, such as the engine dynamometer, transmission, and propeller shaft, on thrust bearing failure. The findings from this study aim to enhance the understanding of thrust bearing failure mechanisms and provide practical insights for improving the design and testing of engine components and its subsystems to prevent similar failures in future engine durability evaluations. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research directions to further mitigate the risk of thrust bearing failure.
An Experimental Study of White Deposit Formation on IG Coil in SI Engine
Authors: Patel Hardik Manubhai , Gupta Vineet , Chand Subhash , Kumar Nitish
Published: December 2024

This study meticulously examines the ignition coil (IG), a pivotal component in engine operation, which transforms the low voltage from the battery into the high voltage necessary for spark plug electrode flashover, initiating the combustion cycle. Considering the importance of IG coils in engine operation which has a direct impact on the engine performance. Any failure in the IG coils is judged as a critical failure and encompasses severe repercussions.

The paper details an investigation into the issue of ‘White Deposition’ on IG coils. White deposit was observed in IG Coils during new model development in bench level durability test. A comprehensive failure analysis was conducted, employing vibration analysis, thermal analysis, and chemical analysis of the white deposits to ascertain the root cause. Subsequent to identifying the root cause, the study elaborated on hardware design enhancements as a solution. These design changes were rigorously tested on engine benches, confirmed for efficacy, and have been successfully implemented to address the issue.
Driver Seat Improvement in Deep Mine Tipper for Sustained Driving Comfort
Authors: Venkatesh Srinivasa , Prabhakaran Baskaran
Published: December 2024

Drivers of tipper vehicles due to the nature of the application of carrying heavy loads as well as the rough terrain in off-road conditions are either continuously or intermittently exposed to comprehensive magnitudes of low frequency high amplitude whole-body vibration.

This being attenuated due to the nature of the primary vehicle suspension, which is designed to take higher tonnages of load carrying capacity as well as to withstand the rigors of the off road terrain conditions.

Prolonged occupational exposure to such vibration has been associated with disorders of the lumbar spine and the connected nervous system. This paper deals with the selection of driver seat suspension to reduce and dampen the transmission of potentially injurious vibration and shock motions to the seated drivers.
Static and Dynamic Study of Camera Monitoring System (CMS) in Replacement to Rear View Mirror in Indian Scenario
Authors: Sinha Ankit , Belavadi Venkataramaiah Shamsundara , Tambolkar Sonali Ameya , Kauffmann Maximilian
Published: December 2024

Indirect vision is a crucial function of an automotive vehicle for providing rear visibility and hence decreasing blind spots. Presently, conventional mirrors are used for indirect vision. However, camera-monitor systems (CMS) can be used on vehicles to display the driver’s rearview on a monitor mounted inside the vehicle. Present European regulations as well as Indian standards offer the possibility of replacing conventional mirrors with suitable CMS and thereby implementing new design concepts with aerodynamic advantages. As mirrors are a critical safety component for securing the driver’s indirect rear vision, the question arises whether CMS can provide an equivalent substitute for mirrors, and this is more important and critical in Indian scenarios. In the scope of this research, CMS and conventional mirrors are compared for the field of vision as per the national and international standards and assessed the acceptance of test drives (data collection) and static and dynamic tests under different external Indian road & traffic conditions. The examination of technical aspects for comparison of these two systems is prepared and presented.
Efficient NOx Sensor Failure Detection Using Frequency Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Ramesh Prashanth Mysore , Velichappattil Anvar Hussain
Published: December 2024

In the present times it is the responsibility of the vehicle manufacturer to reduce and monitor the emissions that their vehicle is emitting into the environment. One such vehicle emission which is very harmful for the environment is Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). All internal combustion engine operated vehicles will have NOx sensor in them to monitor the NOx getting generated by the engine. The information from this sensor is crucial in order to take the correct action by the vehicle emission control system to treat NOx before releasing it to the environment. Hence it is very important to detect the failure in NOx sensors.

This paper addresses the challenges in identifying NOx sensor failures, specifically concerning complex and time-consuming diagnostic methods that require dosing of fuel for testing. The conventional approach involves NOx sensor rationality checks, heating catalysts, and comparing engine outlet NOx and vehicle outlet NOx sensor values.

To overcome these limitations, this present article introduces a digital and novel method employing Fourier transform based frequency spectrum analysis to learn the behavior of NOx sensors and detect anomalies, allowing early identification of failures without compromising emissions. By analyzing frequency components in the NOx signal, the proposed approach eliminates the need for fuel dosing, enhancing fuel economy and making it suitable for future On Board Diagnostics (OBD) and emission legislations with increased complexity.
Data Learning Based SoH Estimation Supported by Modified Charging Algorithm for Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Rajawat Shiv Pratap , Soni Lokesh , Badiger Kartik , Sankla Karan
Published: December 2024

As the demand for electric vehicles continues to surge, ensuring the longevity and efficiency of EV batteries becomes critical. The state of health (SoH) of these batteries serves as a critical metric, influenced by various factors such as State of Energy (SoE) and State of Power (SoP). Understanding the dynamics of EV battery health is essential for optimising performance and extending lifespan. The impedance values of battery cells (R and C values) serve as fundamental parameters influencing SoE and SoP, inevitably degrading over time due to factors such as usage at varying C-rates, temperature fluctuations, and the number of charge cycles.

This paper introduces an innovative approach for estimating the State of Health (SoH) of a battery. The charging algorithm is tailored to support the SoH algorithm, with modifications enabling the estimation of R & C parameters periodically throughout charging cycles, across a range of State of Charge (SoC) levels and various temperatures. These R & C parameters are utilised in a data learning-based SoH algorithm deployed on the cloud to determine the battery's SoH. This work on the SoH algorithm and modified charging algorithm is developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment and subsequently tested on a real vehicle. This provides us with much more accurate SoH predictions, which can in turn be used to modify various algorithms affected by battery health.
Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Sodium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Temperature Effects: A Comprehensive Investigation
Authors: Ns Farhan Ahamed Hameed , Gupta Shubham , Jha Kaushal
Published: December 2024

The transition from Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles to Electric Vehicles (EVs) has catalyzed significant advancements in battery technology, prioritizing safer and more reliable energy storage solutions. Although Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries are recognized for their safety, they rely on critical and market-volatile elements such as copper, lithium, and graphite. To address these challenges, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as sustainable alternatives that are particularly suited for low-speed EVs. Ensuring the seamless integration of SIBs into EV battery packs necessitates preparedness for the rapid evolution of SIB technology. Model-based approaches, including Equivalent Circuit Models (ECMs), are crucial for developing advanced Battery Management Systems (BMSs) and State of Charge (SoC) estimation algorithms that enable precise battery control. This study comprehensively evaluates various order Resistance-Capacitance (RC) ECM configurations to accurately estimate the terminal voltage for a 10Ah commercial 33140 SIB. The tests were conducted at Charge/Discharge Rates (CDR) of 0.375C/0.5C, 0.75C/1C, and 1.125C/1.5C, incorporating the effects of temperatures at 10, 25, 40, and 55°C. The Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), modified for cell-level testing, was used to validate the model-predicted voltage against experimental results, with accuracy assessed through Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The findings indicate that the first-order RC ECM at 0.375C/0.5C CDR yields a minimum RMSE of 13 mV for the WLTP at 25°C using the non-linear least square method as a parameter estimation technique. Furthermore, Incorporating the temperature effects for the first order RC ECM at 0.5C/0.375C CDR resulted in an RMSE of 10.6 mV at 15°C and 3.8 mV at 45°C when validated using WLTP, highlighting the model's reliability across varying temperatures.
Development of Regression Analysis for Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of SAE 1010 Material
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Kiruthika Jothi , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Silambarasan R
Published: December 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is now a crucial technique for shaping complex shapes in conductive materials such as SAE 1010 steel. This study aims to enhance machining efficiency and accuracy by developing regression analysis to model and optimize WEDM parameters for SAE 1010 material. The study aims to examine the impact of various parameters in WEDM, such as pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and discharge current, on key machining responses, including surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR). Experimental investigations are being carried out to achieve this objective. A set of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) experiments are conducted using a factorial design, resulting in a dataset that can be used for regression modeling. Subsequently, regression models are constructed to forecast machining responses using input parameters. The models are improved through statistical analysis, to evaluate the importance of each parameter. The regression equations that have been developed offer valuable insights into the connections between process parameters and machining responses. This allows for the identification of the most effective parameter settings to enhance the performance of WEDM. The validated regression models provide a methodical approach for optimizing the process, making it easier to choose the best WEDM parameters for achieving the desired machining results for SAE 1010 material. This research enhances the comprehension of WEDM processes and offers a practical tool for manufacturers to improve productivity and quality in machining operations. The regression analysis that has been developed is a useful framework for optimizing WEDM (Wire Electrical Discharge Machining) processes in different applications and materials.
Development of ANFIS Predictive Model for Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Cupronickel Material
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Kiruthika Jothi , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Silambarasan R.
Published: December 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is an essential manufacturing process used to shape complex geometries in conductive materials such as cupronickel, which is valued for its corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. The aim of this explorative study is to enhance the efficiency and precision of machining by creating a specialized predictive model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for cupronickel material. The study examines the intricate correlation between process variables of the WEDM (Wire Electrical Discharge Machining) technique, such as pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff), and discharge current, and crucial machining responses, including surface roughness, material removal rate. Data is collected through systematic experimentation in order to train and validate the ANFIS predictive model. The ANFIS model utilizes the collective learning capabilities of neural networks and fuzzy logic systems to precisely forecast machining responses by considering input parameters. The ANFIS model captures the complex nonlinearities of the WEDM process, allowing for valuable insights into the best parameter settings to achieve desired machining results. The effectiveness of the developed ANFIS predictive model is assessed through statistical analysis and compared with empirical findings. The model showcases its proficiency in accurately predicting machining responses, providing manufacturers with a potent instrument for optimizing processes and making decisions in cupronickel material WEDM operations. This allows manufacturers to enhance productivity and quality while simultaneously reducing production costs. This research enhances the comprehension of WEDM processes and provides practical recommendations for achieving excellent machining results in diverse industrial applications.
Utilization of FEA Based Fluid Pressure Penetration Technique for Understanding Fluid Leakage Phenomenon from Mechanical Fittings
Authors: Aher Ravi Kautik , Jivani Chinmay , Olesnavich Michael , Lima Jose , Pillai Pramod
Published: December 2024

In demanding automotive coolant applications characterized by extreme pressure and temperature conditions, a variety of Mechanically Attached Fittings (MAFs) are offered by multinational corporations (MNCs). These engineered fittings have been designed to meet the rigorous requirements of various industries, providing a cost-effective and reliable means to seal engine/motor coolant hose joints.

Mechanical fitting assemblies are critical in various engineering systems and are used for connecting various fluid-carrying locations. Understanding leakage phenomena from MAFs is essential for ensuring their reliability and efficiency. This study explores the deployment of Fluid Pressure Penetration Technique (FPPT) available in Abaqus FEA software to comprehensively analyze leakage paths in mechanically joined fittings. The FPPT offers a systematic approach to model fluid penetration behavior within fitting joints under many loading conditions. By utilizing Abaqus software, a powerful finite element analysis tool, with FPPT, a detailed understanding of leakage paths, stress distributions, and failure modes can be achieved.

This paper introduces the FPPT methodology and details the FEA model setup utilized in the simulation of mechanical fitting carrying fluid. Furthermore, preliminary results demonstrating the effectiveness of the FPPT coupled with Abaqus software in identifying leakage sources, its comparison with physical test and predicting potential failure locations are discussed. The outcome of this study presents significant benefits for optimizing mechanical fitting designs, enhancing system performance, and mitigating leakage risks in aerospace, electrical and mobility engineering applications, where zero leakage is the primary Critical to Quality (CTQ) factor.
Guide to Temperature Monitoring in Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
Authors:   E-32 Aerospace Propulsion Systems Health Management
Published: December 2024

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides an overview of temperature measurement techniques for various locations of aircraft gas turbine engines while focusing on current usage and methods, systems, selection criteria, and types of hardware.
Magnesium Alloy, Extrusions, 4.0Y - 2.25Nd - 0.5Zr (WE43C - T5), Precipitation Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, tubing, and profiles from 0.039 to 4.75 inches (1.0 to 120.7 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5).
Steel, Sheet and Strip, 0.15 Carbon, Maximum (SAE 1010), Half Hard Temper
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers a carbon steel in the form of sheet and strip.
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo - (0.30 - 0.35C) (SAE 4132), Aircraft Quality
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
Counterfeit Electronic, Electrical and Electromechanical Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition - Authorized Distribution
Authors:   G-19 Counterfeit Electronic Parts Committee
Published: December 2024

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) identifies the requirements for mitigating Counterfeit EEE parts in the Authorized Distribution Channel. If an organization is not performing Authorized Distribution but acting as another seller (such as an Authorized Reseller, Broker, or Independent Distributor), then only 3.3.1 applies.
Cytotoxic effect of Eudragit L-100 nanoparticle-based cisplatin on lung cancer
Authors: Al-Mamoori Firas , Wahab Habibah , Ahmad Waqas
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To develop Eudragit L-100 nanoparticle-based cisplatin (Cis) and determine its cytotoxicity effect against lung cancer. Methods: Eudragit L-100 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Morphology, size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) were investigated. Results: Cis-loaded NPs' cytotoxicity was higher than free drugs against lung cancer cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, cis-loaded nanocarriers inhibited NCI-H60 lung carcinoma cells using the MTT assay in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Eudragit L-100 NPs-based cisplatin exhibits a promising carrier system for effectively delivering chemotherapeutic agents targeting lung cancer. Further studies should focus on optimizing formulation parameters, conducting comprehensive pharmacokinetic and mechanistic studies, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy and safety in preclinical models.
Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of the effect of anthracycline-based chemotherapy on cardiac structure and function in breast cancer patients
Authors: Liu Zihao , Bai Man , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To use cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to investigate the effect of anthracycline-based chemotherapy on cardiac structure and function in breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 20 breast cancer patients who received treatment at Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China between October 2021 and October 2022 were included in this study. The patients underwent surgical treatment and also received anthracycline-based chemotherapy after surgery. Before chemotherapy, and at 3 months and 6 months after chemotherapy, CMR examinations were performed on all the participants. Cardiac function parameters, viz, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), were measured and compared at different time points. Results: There were no significant differences in LVEF, LVEDV, and LVESV among different time points (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in RS, CS, LS, SRSR, SCSR, SLSR, DCSR, and DLSR among the different time points (p > 0.05). However, diastolic radial strain rate (DRSR) level at 6 months after treatment was significantly lower than the corresponding values before treatment and at 3 months post-treatment (p > 0.05), indicating a progressive decrease in DRSR over time. Conclusion: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides a valuable assessment of myocardial damage in breast cancer patients following anthracycline-based chemotherapy, while DRSR may serve as a sensitive parameter for early detection of myocardial injury using CMR. However, an improved study protocol should enhance the applicability of the approach.
The MASLIS: A five-year review of Costa Rica's near real-time seismic intensity processing system
Authors: Moya Aaron
Published: December 2024

The MASLIS is an online system that displays the earthquake’s seismic intensity in near-real time. The system analyzes the data from Costa Rica’s strong motion network. When the intensity exceeds a specified intensity threshold at a number of sites, the system sends several warning messages. When it was first developed in 2019, the system was tested using scenario earthquakes. After five years of operation, this article briefly discusses its performance using actual earthquake data.
The Influence of Gibberellins and Smoke Water as a Stimulant for Germination and Vegetative Growth of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Authors: Muslihatin W. , Wahyudi R. P. D. , Iqbal M. , Saputro T. B. , Nurhidayati T.
Published: December 2024

Clove or cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of Indonesia’s commodities with high domestic and international potential, considering that this plant is used as raw material for the cigarette industry. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the production of Indonesian cloves, one of which is by using growth stimulators such as plant growth regulators (PGR). This study uses gibberellic acid (GA3) and smoke water as exogenous growth triggers. The treatment given was soaking S. aromaticum seeds in gibberellic acid (GA3) and liquid smoke for 24 h. The GA3 concentrations used were 100 ppm, 75 ppm, 50 ppm, and 25 ppm. Smoke water was obtained from the pyrolysis of coconut shells, and the concentrations used were 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Observations were conducted for 11 weeks and divided into two phases, namely the germination phase and the vegetative growth phase. Parameters measured included germination percentage, radicle, and plumula length in the first phase, root length, plant height, and number and area of leaves in the second phase. The best results were achieved with the soaking treatment using 0.5% smoke water, which showed a significant increase in all observed growth parameters. This is due to the content of karrikin in smoke water, which acts like a growth hormone and triggers the performance of other growth hormones. In addition, karrikin plays an active role in the germination process by changing the morphology of the seeds.
Laser Induced Spectroscopy (LIBS) Technology and Environmental Risk Index (RI) to Detect Microplastics in Drinking Water in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Ati Estabraq Mohammed , Hano Shahla Hussien , Abbas Rana Fadhil , Ajmi Reyam Naji , Latif Abdalkader Saeed
Published: December 2024

Drinking water contamination by microplastic particles is a global concern that is becoming increasingly common due to consumer abuse, and we use laser fractionation spectroscopy to examine what microplastic particles in water packaging can do. Several types of bottled water were sampled at several manufacturing facilities in Baghdad. The presence of the measured micropolymer species in water was immediately classified and detected using a laser production resolution spectrometer as well as signal and plasma scattering spectra, various MP polymers “polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride” are five polymers that were successfully detected in drinking water to validate the ability to identify health risk factors based on potential environmental risk index (RI) and potential environmental risk factors (Tin), the results are calculated to show that risk predicates have evolved over a decade depending on the risk factors. To do. The smallest particle was 20 microns and the largest particle was 63.4 microns. Microplastics were detected in 5 out of 10 samples, PET in 4 samples, PS and PP in 2 samples, and PVC in sample 1, the most common polymer in bottled water is polyethylene. The average C/H ratios of the five samples were PE (1.76), PET (1.21), PS (1.52), PP (1.23), and PVC (0.99), on average, the measured trends of C/H values were [PE greater than PS], [PP greater than PET], and [PVC greater than PET]. According to our results, the integration of LIBS technology provides a fast and efficient way to detect microplastics. It has a high resolution of fine particles, allowing the detection of very small particles associated with various adverse effects on human health. The feasibility study for water bottling was approved, and the WHO water quality criteria were confirmed. As a result, we will undertake a thorough analysis of the best water bottling quality. In this study, the initial LIBS signals of several samples were used to completely detect microplastics. Microplastics in bottled water samples have been detected and quantified using LIBS spectroscopy techniques with Ecological Potential Ecological Risk. Analytical technology is used to investigate sources, perform research, and collect relevant data, worldwide reports, and permitted statistics to deliver crucial insights and recommendations.Water samples were obtained from several locations throughout Baghdad. At the source, 2 liters of water were obtained in plastic bottles for each sample, for a total of 10 samples. Each sample is owned by the factories that supplied it.
El impacto de André Beaufre sobre el pensamiento estratégico y militar en la segunda mitad del siglo XX argentino
Authors: Cornut Hernán
Published: December 2024

A lo largo del siglo XX, la República Argentina fluctuó a través de diferentes corrientes de pensamiento estratégico que se caracterizaban por la preeminencia del factor militar para la resolución de los conflictos que afectaban a la Defensa Nacional. Hacia mediados de la década de 1960, una teoría innovadora francesa propuso una orientación amplia de lo estratégico, tanto en la planificación como en la dirección de los medios para alcanzar un objetivo general a nivel del Estado nación. Esta impronta de concepción heterogénea se mostró apta para países no hegemónicos y con escasos recursos pero que, aun así, debían superar los escenarios de extrema complejidad que les presentaba el contexto mundial de la Guerra Fría y la tercerización de la disputa entre bloques hacia la periferia del Cono Sur de América. El presente trabajo investiga la estrategia ampliada del general André Beaufre y su impacto sobre la realidad argentina, para establecer su importancia y grado de penetración en el pensamiento militar y el sistema de planeamiento estratégico de la Argentina en la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
Successful professional career development through the quality of personal development
Authors: NEACȘU Elena Lucreția
Published: December 2024

At some point we all want a successful professional career. In one way or another some of us really have it, we are aware of this and we continue to maintain or climb a higher rung in the professional career pyramid. Professional success represents the vector between self-knowledge, personal professional goals and the set of actions and activities that set the person in motion with the aim of reaching their own established professional ideal. Personal development is a sure way to a professional career, moreover, the quality of personal development makes the difference between professional career and professional career success.
Self-actualization – process in the development of the personality of pedagogic students
Authors: BÎRSAN Elena
Published: December 2024

The present article reveals the problem of self-actualization. Each person has a certain character, a variety of abilities, each carries a variety of simple and complex roles. We approach self-actualization as an integral attribute of a person’s self-development. Self-actualization is considered a necessary condition for the development of an individual and the progressive development at society as a whole, thus, all this is a proof of the relevance of the theme of this research.
ECO DRIFT – AIR POWER by CORNELIU
Authors: BIRTOK BĂNEASĂ Corneliu
Published: December 2024

The worldwide context for the development of internal combustion engines is currently based on the concept of LTC - combustion at low temperatures. It has been demonstrated that by maintaining a relatively low value of the intake air and coolant temperature, NOx emissions can be reduced by up to 30%, simultaneously with the reduction of specific fuel consumption, respectively of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. The purpose of a low temperature combustion engine - LTC is to achieve high levels of combustion efficiency without producing harmful emissions such as nitrogen oxides. The paper presents the tests and research carried out regarding the implementation of AIR POWER by CORNELIU's own concepts, inventions, technologies and strategies on car engines intended for the DRIFT competition within the National Drift Championship - CND.
Valuation and awareness of economic culture among teenagers within the framework of educational environment
Authors: ENACHI Olga
Published: December 2024

Orice profesor care dorește să cultive elevilor dezvoltarea personalității în vederea dobândirii deprinderii de a-şi asuma rolurile și responsabilitățile în viața de adult, de a excela în activitatea profesională şi de a se integra într-o societate aflată în perpetuă schimbare este obligat să-şi analizeze propria motivație şi modul cum îşi planifică şi desfășoară activitățile de predare învățare-evaluare. Activitatea educațională a fiecărui cadru didactic trebuie să fie orientată spre realizarea obiectivului major al educației: Dezvoltarea liberă, armonioasă a omului şi formarea personalității creative ce se poate adapta la condițiile în schimbare ale vieții. Scopul principal al studierii disciplinelor economice în mediul educațional de orice nivel, dar mai ales atunci când copilul atinge vârsta adolescentină, este formarea tinerilor cu o cultură economică dezvoltată, capabili să posede un set de cunoștințe, să comunice cu semenii în acest context, să utilizeze competențele necesare pentru rezolvarea unor probleme economice cotidiene, în acest fel integrându-se activ în viața societății.
School company "EcoBrichet"
Authors: PROHOR Inga , CHELTUIALĂ Ilie , GHERȚA Igor , TATARU Cătălin , BUDEANU Daniel
Published: December 2024

The company "EcoBrichet" refers to the manufacture and sale of pellets/briquettes from waste paper and used paper. Starting this business responds to the need to find an alternative for the development of the company and involves the creation of a product that leads to an increase in its profit. The company's development plan aims to increase the production capacity, by obtaining the lowest possible price of the finished product. Through this strategy, our company aims to make the product accessible to all categories of consumers, with direct reference to the owners of domestic heating plants/stoves/fireplaces with wood fuel.
Moderasi Beragama Sebagai Solusi Konflik Antar Umat Beragama di Indonesia
Authors: Mahadiva Tsaniya , Ghinarahima Challista Najwa , Gumay Fhilia Anasty , Sanceska Putu Basya Ratu , Marpaung Derian Giovanno , Tumanggor Raja Oloan
Published: December 2024

Indonesia, sebagai negara multikultural dengan beragam suku, budaya, dan agama, menghadapi tantangan dalam menjaga harmoni sosial. Moderasi beragama merupakan pendekatan yang efektif untuk memelihara kerukunan dan mencegah konflik antar umat beragama. Artikel ini mengkaji peran moderasi beragama dalam membangun dialog, memperkuat toleransi, dan mengurangi potensi radikalisme. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif berbasis tinjauan literatur, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya sikap moderat dalam interaksi antaragama. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa moderasi beragama mendorong komunikasi yang inklusif dan terbuka, menumbuhkan rasa saling menghargai, serta menolak segala bentuk kekerasan dan ekstremisme. Implementasi moderasi beragama juga berperan dalam membentuk masyarakat yang lebih harmonis, di mana perbedaan dipandang sebagai kekayaan, bukan ancaman. Kesimpulannya, moderasi beragama berkontribusi signifikan terhadap terciptanya perdamaian dan kohesi sosial, menjadikannya landasan penting bagi pembangunan hubungan antar umat yang damai dan inklusif di Indonesia.
Tinjauan Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Berdasarkan KUH Perdata
Authors: Sultan Yusuf Bachtiar Eza , Dzakiyyah Chairunnisa Madiha
Published: December 2024

Penelitian berfokus pada perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen pada e-commerce dengan cara menerapkan perspektif yuridis normatif. Dengan menganalisis berbagai bahan-bahan sumber pustaka yang relevan, yang terdiri sumber hukum yang ada seperti, aturan perundang-undangan, keputusan hakim dalam pengadilan atau yurispendensi, perjanjian hukum baik nasional maupun internasional, literatur terkait, beserta data transaksi dari platform e-commerce. Penelitian ini menyentuh beberapa problematik yang sedang dialami pengguna dalam ranah e-commerce, termasuk ketidakcocokan produk dengan deskripsi awal, kesulitan resolusi sengketa, penipuan, dan juga ancaman kebocoran data. Selain itu, penelitian ini menjajaki peran Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata) dan regulasi terkait untuk menyediakan kerangka kerja perlindungan hak konsumen. Berhubungan dengan klaim kompensasi atas wanprestasi, ditunjukkan dalam penelitian ini bahwasannya konsumen tentunya mempunyai hak yang dijaminkan undang-undang guna memperoleh kompensasi apabila terimbas wanprestasi pihak penjual. Namun, hambatan seperti kesulitan menjalankan hak-hak konsumen pada wilayah hukum yang beragam terus menjadi perhatian yang butuh untuk ditangani. Penelitian ini memfokuskan atas urgensi solusi, seperti bentuk kerja sama antarnegara dan metode penyelesaian sengketa secara alternatif untuk memperkuat perlindungan bagi konsumen.
Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Komunikasi Antarbudaya Remaja: Studi Kasus di TikTok
Authors: Azzahra Mahnum Elbah , Hasanah Hafifah Yusrul , Amelia Debi , Melati Rhisma , Salwi Ahmad Diva
Published: December 2024

Perubahan budaya akan terus berkembang seiring dengan munculnya teknologi baru, seperti media sosial. Media sosial berdampak baik dari positif maupun negatif karena bertujuan untuk memudahkan komunikasi. Aplikasi TikTok menjadi salah satu media sosial yang paling banyak digunakan, memungkinkan pengguna berinteraksi melalui chat pribadi dan membuat berbagai video. Pengaruhnya terhadap kebudayaan telah ditunjukkan oleh aplikasi ini, yang diluncurkan pada September 2016. TikTok sekarang menjadi sosial media yang paling populer di kalangan mahasiswa. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab perubahan budaya komunikasi dan bagaimana perubahan budaya komunikasi pada penggunaan media sosial TikTok oleh remaja.