bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solidification of liquid cryogens in cryostats
Authors: Mikhalchenko R. S. , Arkhipov V. T. , Ostrovskii I. N. , Dubrovin A. A. , Dubrovina E. N.
Published: January 2025

The solidification of liquid argon and methane in a cylindrical vessel containing a liquid nitrogen-cooled surface in the center has been studied experimentally. A mathematical model of the solidification process is proposed which includes self-freezing of the liquid at the liquid–vapor interface resulting from cryopumping by non-wetted cooled surfaces. Analytical formulas are obtained for calculation of the complete cryoliquid solidification time under such conditions, the cryoliquid crystallization front dynamics, and the density of the porous structure that is formed. These formulas can be applied to pure substances (Ar, CH4) and to solutions containing impurities within certain percentages: not more than 0.31% N2 in Ar and not more than 0.35% N2 in CH4.
Some remarks on the thermal conductivity of high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Gmelin Eberhard
Published: January 2025

In this paper the thermal conductivity of the new high-temperature superconductors is reviewed, and related experimental problems are critically discussed. Model calculations demonstrate that the “plate method” is unsuitable for determining the thermal conductivity of these materials. A new relation between the temperature dependence of the resistivity and the magnitude of the thermal conductivity is discussed; this relation gives strong support to the presence of the electron–phonon interaction.
Explosive interactions between liquid nitrogen and water by fast heat transfer
Authors: Fröhlich G.
Published: January 2025

Our experiments show that explosive interactions between water and liquid nitrogen are possible. But the interactions did not occur spontaneously, as in liquid metal–water interactions. Explosive interactions were found to occur only with a sufficiently high trigger pulse. This trigger pulse may be generated from external sources (for instance, shock waves from wire explosions) or by the system itself (droplet impact).
High-temperature superconducting ceramic interferometers and magnetometers
Authors: Bondarenko S. I. , Vedernikov G. E. , Verkin B. I. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Kartsovnik V. V. , Lukashenko A. V. , Pavlov P. P. , Pavlyuk V. A. , Tavrin Yu. A. , Shablo A. A. , Shapovalenko V. V. , Shnyrkov I.
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the development of SQUID magnetometers based on yttrium HTSC ceramics at the Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering. Results of physical research, design, and technology of quantum interferometers are presented.
Temperature and frequency dependences of the impedance in Y–Ba–Cu–O ceramics in the normal state
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Ofitserov M. N. , Prentslau N. N.
Published: January 2025

Power absorption by YBa2Cu3Ox ceramics with Tc ∼ 91 K in the frequency range 105–1010 Hz is studied experimentally. At T > Tc, frequency oscillations of microwave electromagnetic field power absorption are detected, which correlate with the depth of field penetration into the ceramics. The frequency dependence of temperature behavior in the active part of the Rs impedance is found. The same sample displayed both semiconductive and metallic characteristics of the Rs(T) dependence at various measurement frequencies. The imaginary part of the impedance is of metallic character both with decrease in temperature and increase in frequency. Anomalies of the ohmic resistance are observed at 230 and 212 K.
Magnetic symmetry and phase transitions in tetragonal YBa2Cu3O6+x
Authors: Vitebskii I. M. , Kolotii O. D. , Lavrinenko N. M. , Seminozhenko V. P. , Sobolev V. L.
Published: January 2025

A theoretical (group analysis of the phase transition in tetragonal YBa2Cu3O6+x followed by a change of the antiferromagnetic ordering type has been carried out. It is shown that at T ∼ 40 K a purely magnetic phase transition which is a combination of the spin-reorientational transition in the Cu2 magnetic subsystem and a transition of the ordering type in the Cu1 magnetic subsystem occurs in this compound. The characteristic features of the critical behavior of the thermodynamic and high-frequency properties resulting from the “combined” character of the phase transition considered are discussed.
On one-dimensional superconductivity in two-band conductors
Authors: Shevchenko S. I.
Published: January 2025

The problem of conductivity (at T > 0) and superconductivity criteria (at T = 0) is considered for one-dimensional two-band conductors. It is found that the superconducting transition does not depend on the sign of the interband interaction constant λ and depends considerably on the sign of the intraband interaction constant γ. For γ < 0, the system is superconducting for any value of λ. For γ > 0, the superconducting state is possible if λ exceeds a certain critical value which is determined by the value of γ. The effect of random impurity centers on the conducting properties of the system is investigated. It is shown that in the case of a weak interaction between charge carriers (for which a quantitative criterion has been established), impurities lead to carrier localization. When the interaction between charge carriers is strong enough, localization does not take place, and the system can go over to the superconducting state in the presence of impurities. The effect of interband transitions on the phase diagram at T = 0 is investigated and the conditions under which interband transitions do not hinder the superconductivity of the system are established.
T
c
and rhombic distortion in Hubbard’s model of high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Ivanov V. A. , Zhuravlev M. E.
Published: January 2025

The influence of rhombic distortions of the CuO2 layer on the value of Tc has been calculated on the basis of the kinematic mechanism for Hubbard’s model of HTS cuprates with an infinite intraatomic electron repulsion. It is found that the value of Tc may increase by tens of percent for realistic values of the rhombic distortion of the crystal lattice. This is in qualitative agreement with the data of experiments on YBa2Cu3O7–y, La2–xBaxCuO4–y, and La2–x Srx CuO4–y.
Pulse studies of the resistive phase of bulk superconductors Ti1−xVx. Metastable current states
Authors: Prekul A. F. , Rol’shchikov A. B. , Shchegolikhina N. I. , Yartsev S. V.
Published: January 2025

The effect of current pulses on the resistance of a bulk superconductor in the resistive phase is studied as well as the current–voltage characteristics. It is shown that at a given temperature, the resistance is not a single-valued function of the current and a number of discrete levels are observed.
Crystal chemistry features of HTS compounds
Authors: Sukharevskii B. Ya.
Published: January 2025

Charge carriers responsible for high-temperature superconductivity are characterized by a state “on the verge of localization.” The measure of localization is the lifetime of ion-carrier association, which is limited by the condition governing the motion of charge carriers with a Fermi velocity vF:h/2πEF = τp ≤ τ0 = a/vF.
Quantum oscillations of electrical conductivity of two-dimensional ballistic contacts
Authors: Zagoskin A. M. , Kulik I. O.
Published: January 2025

Am exactly solvable model of a two-dimensional ballistic contact with sharp edges is considered along with its generalization to other models of two- and three-dimensional contacts. This model is used for calculating the effect of the contact shape, temperature and magnetic field on the quantization of conductance as a function of the contact diameter. The conditions of existence of conduction quantization are specified. It is shown that the structure of conductance steps qualitatively depends on the contact topology: G = (2e2/h)n for a contact with zero boundary conditions with respect to transverse coordinate, and G = (2e2/h)(2 n + 1), n = 0, 1, 2, ..., in the case of cyclic boundary conditions. It is concluded that there is no universal quantization of conductance in three-dimensional point contacts.
On some peculiarities of nitrogen monoxide cryocondensation
Authors: Garipogly D. N. , Drobyshev A. S.
Published: January 2025

The condensation of nitrogen monoxide from the gaseous to the solid phase is found to be accompanied by the emission of light in the visible spectral region for certain thermodynamic parameters. The basic characteristics of the observed phenomenon are described. The results of investigations are discussed and possible models are proposed.
Possibility of gapless superconductivity in metaloxides
Authors: Antsygina T. N. , Slyusarev V. A.
Published: January 2025

Temperature dependences of the order parameters and the energy gap of high-temperature superconductors are investigated by using the specific geometry of the CuO2 plane. It is shown that the effects of charge carrier scattering by spin fluctuations of the copper subsystem do not have a large effect on the behavior of the order parameter but lead to an abrupt decrease of the energy gap in the excitation spectrum. Gapless superconductivity can exist over the entire temperature range under certain relations between the system parameters.
Induced superconductivity in metal oxides of the type YBa2Cu3O6.5+x
Authors: Klyukin V. E.
Published: January 2025

The two-band model of local pairs of superconductivity is used to conclude that the phenomenon of induced superconductivity with a controlled phase transition can occur in superconductors over a wide temperature range. This phenomenon can find wide applications in engineering.
Metal–insulator transition and superconductivity in disordered systems (a review)
Authors: Berman I. V. , Brandt N. B.
Published: January 2025

The effect of localization of conduction electrons on superconductivity is discussed. A review is presented of the experimental data obtained from investigations of various systems near the metal-insulator transition, e.g., granular films, thin homogeneous films, metal-insulator mixtures, chalcogenide glasses and high-temperature superconductors at high pressures, as well as high-temperature superconductors in which disorder is due to radiation or a change of composition. Theoretical models devoted to the relation between localization effects and superconductivity are discussed.
Peculiarities in synchronization of coherent oscillations in shunted tunnel junctions
Authors: Averin D. V. , Odintsov A. A.
Published: January 2025

The effect of the external circuit conductance Gs on the synchronization of Bloch oscillations by a high-frequency harmonic signal is investigated in Josephson junctions with a low capacitance and a tunnel coductance GT (max (Gs, GT) ≪e2/ℏ). It is shown that in the case of a weak shunting (Gs≪GT), the Bloch oscillations are synchronized by all harmonics of the signal frequency in junctions with a strong Josephson coupling and by all its harmonics and subharmonics in junctions with a weak Josephson coupling. In the opposite case (GS≫GT), synchronization is observed only injunctions with a weak Josephson coupling and is realized only by even subharmonics of the signal frequency.
The effect of mechanical loading on superconducting parameters of grains and Josephson junctions in YBa2Cu3O7–δ ceramics
Authors: Dolgin A. M. , Natsik V. D. , Smirnov S. N.
Published: January 2025

The variation of the real component of the dynamic magnetic susceptibility χ′ in the superconducting ceramic YBa2Cu3O7–δ is investigated under (uniaxial) loading σ ≲ 0.1 GPa in the superconducting transition region. The existence of two regions within the superconducting transition width is established for the first time. These regions differ in the nature of the effect of stress on the parameters in the granulated superconductor in that the derivative dχ′/dσ is determined by the change in the intragranular diamagnetic properties just after the onset of the transition (88.5 < T < 90 K), and by a change in the properties of Josephson junctions between grains at lower temperatures (T < 87.5 K). A new effect, viz., a nonmonotonic hysteresis of the derivative dχ′/dσ in a magnetic field is observed. The observed regularities are attributed to a change in the Josephson currents in the network of weak links under mechanical stresses, and empirical estimates are obtained for the parameters determining the effect of mechanical loading on the properties of Josephson junctions in a ceramic. It is found that the diamagnetic properties of the ceramic are stable to temperature and load cycling.
Conductance jumps and magnetic flux quantization in ballistic point contacts
Authors: Bogachek É. N. , Zagoskin A. N. , Kulik I. O.
Published: January 2025

Transport properties of smooth-geometry point contacts are studied in a weak magnetic field. It is shown that the conductance undergoes jumps of e2/πℏ and 2e2/πℏ upon a variation of carrier concentration or contact size. The Aharonov–Bohm effect is manifested in the form of conductance oscillations as functions of the magnetic flux with a period hc/e. The exactly solvable models of two- and three-dimensional contacts are analyzed, and the restrictions on contact aperture for which the conductance quantization takes place are determined.
Soliton diffusion and spin correlation functions of a one-dimensional easy-plane ferromagnet
Authors: Ivanov B. A. , Kolezhuk A. K. , Mitsai Yu. N.
Published: January 2025

A quasi-one-dimensional easy-plane ferromagnet in an external magnetic field is considered by taking anisotropy in the basal plane into account. It is shown that there are two soliton diffusion mechanisms, one of which is not associated with dissipation. The dynamic structural factor (DSF) is calculated. The nondissipative diffusion is shown to preserve the shape of the soliton central peak in DSF, while normal Einstein diffusion leads to its considerable modification.
On the pressure-induced phase transition in FeSiF6 · 6H2O. The P–T diagram
Authors: Asadov S. K. , Zavadskii É. A. , Kamenev V. I. , Todris B. M.
Published: January 2025

The x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis are used to study the effect of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on FeSiF6 · 6H2O. The P–T phase diagram reflecting the unique manifold of crystalline phases and phase transitions between them is constructed
Thermoelectric effects in metal point contacts in a magnetic field
Authors: Bogachek É. N.
Published: January 2025

Thermoelectric effects in metal point contacts placed in a strong magnetic field are investigated theoretically. It is shown that the magnetic field changes significantly the thermal resistance and the diffusive component of the thermo-emf of the contact, but practically does not affect the entrainment thermo-emf and the heat release asymmetry.
Analyzing the potential of ion chambers to measure laser-induced ionization rates
Authors: Oliker Benjamin , Pitz Greg , Hostutler David A. , Madden Timothy , Rudolph Wolfgang
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate and analyze the use of an ion chamber for measuring laser-induced ionization in cesium gas for the first time, which is of recent interest due to research in diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs). In this report, the viability of an ion chamber diagnostic with high plasma density and ionization localized to a laser beam is investigated. A simulation of the laser-induced plasma in the ion chamber, based on the Thomson model with diffusion, is developed and will be shown to display similar qualitative behavior to measurements, and bound test results within model uncertainty. The analysis will show that complex processes occur: (1) space-charge limited ion drift, (2) Debye shielding preventing the electric field from penetrating a bulk plasma region, and (3) ambipolar diffusion across the bulk with possibly elevated electron temperature. However, these processes are well understood and do not limit the accuracy of an ion chamber diagnostic for laser-induced ionization rate measurement.
Innovative design of a compact nanosecond-pulse power supply using SiC-MOSFETs for enhanced dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Komuro Atsushi , Suzuki Kento , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Sato Hiroshi , Kuroiwa Takeharu , Sakamoto Kunihiro
Published: January 2025

In this study, we present the development of a compact and lightweight nanosecond pulsed power supply designed to improve the performance of plasma actuators for flow control on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). While traditional AC power supplies are commonly used in plasma actuators, the nanosecond pulsed power supplies offer the advantage of operating over a wider range of Reynolds numbers, making them highly desirable. However, miniaturization and weight reduction of pulsed power supplies pose significant challenges. To address these issues, we present a novel approach using a high-voltage silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET to create an inductive energy storage (IEC) power supply, eliminating the need for a bulky transformer core. This innovation results in a more compact and lightweight pulsed power supply, potentially improving aerodynamic control in UAV applications. The size and weight of the power supply developed is comparable to the smallest AC power supplies developed to date. In addition to basic current–voltage measurements, the performance of the power supply for airflow control is evaluated through wind tunnel experiments. As a result, the plasma actuator powered by the developed nanosecond pulsed power supply shows superior performance compared to previous studies, despite its small size and light weight.
High order harmonic generation-based attosecond light sources and applications to quantum phenomena
Authors: Constant E. , Nandi S. , Picot C. , Prost E. , Palakkal S. , Lépine F. , Loriot V.
Published: January 2025

Attosecond science and technology have emerged as a promising path for improving our understanding of light–matter interaction. High harmonic generation based light sources combine high photon energy, broad spectrum, and short duration with a relatively compact implementation, which makes them flexible tools to study and modify physical and chemical properties of matter by acting directly on electronic degrees of freedom. Because extreme ultraviolet radiation interacts primarily with outer and inner valence electrons, it finds likely applications in atomic, molecular, and material science. Despite their spectacular successes, the development of these sources is still a subject of intense investigations, searching for extreme performances in terms of specifications and reliability. In this perspective article, we present some of the current developments in high harmonic generation sources, as well as related applications in quantum and attosecond dynamics in atoms and molecules.
Mode transitions and spoke structures in E×B Penning discharge
Authors: Tyushev M. , Papahn Zadeh M. , Chopra N. S. , Raitses Y. , Romadanov I. , Likhanskii A. , Fubiani G. , Garrigues L. , Groenewald R. , Smolyakov A.
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in the (radial-azimuthal) plane perpendicular to the axial direction of a cylindrical E×B Penning discharge are presented. The low-pressure discharge is self-consistently supported by plasma ionization from the electron beam injected axially, along the direction of the external magnetic field. It is shown that with the increasing strength of the external magnetic field, the discharge undergoes a sequence of transitions between several azimuthal modes. Azimuthal m > 1 spiral arm structures are excited at low magnetic field values as plasma confinement improves and the radial density profile becomes peaked. With a larger field, spiral arms with m > 1 are replaced by the m = 1 spoke mode, most clearly seen in plasma density. A transition from spiral arms to the spoke regime occurs when the plasma potential in the center changes from weakly positive (or zero) to negative. Further increase in the magnetic field results in a well-developed m = 1 spoke mode with additional small-scale higher-frequency m > 1 structures inside and around the spoke. It is shown that while ionization and collisions affect some characteristics of the observed fluctuations, the basic features of the spoke and m > 1 spiral structure remained similar without ionization. The role of energy conservation in small-scale high-frequency modes and spoke dynamics is discussed. It is demonstrated that in regimes with the m = 1 spoke mode, additional m = 4 harmonics of the ion and electron fluxes to the wall appear due to the square boundary. The frequency of the m = 1 mode is weakly affected by the geometry of the boundary.
The seagrass Ruppia and its influence on the structure and multiscale dynamics of zooplankton in a hypersaline lake
Authors: Shadrin Nickolai , Yakovenko Vladimir , Anufriieva Elena
Published: January 2025

Context Ruppia thickets and their impact on zooplankton in a hypersaline shallow lake. Aims To investigate the long-term dynamics of seagrass Ruppia, zooplankton and abiotic parameters and evaluate the relationships among them in Lake Moynaki. Methods Quantitative assessment of Ruppia thickets, zooplankton within them and outside, temperature, salinity, wind speed and direction from 2019 to 2023. Key results The first young Ruppia shoots appeared in the lake during March, and their number and biomass increased, most rapidly during spring. From 2019 to 2023, the average spring number of Ruppia shoots gradually increased exponentially. From 2019 to 2023, there was a gradual decrease in the average spring abundance of zooplankton within the Ruppia meadows. A significant positive relationship was noted between the Gammarus aequicauda abundance and the number of Ruppia shoots in all years, but there was a negative relationship for Moina salina and Cletocamptus retrogressus with Ruppia. Conclusions This study presents the largely neglected effect of seagrass on zooplankton in small hypersaline water bodies. Implications This information is valuable for the management of hypersaline water bodies and the development of sustainable polyaquaculture in them.
The self-attractive ultralight axion and its time scale of collapsing in general relativistic framework
Authors: Fukuyama Takeshi
Published: January 2025

The formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshift z by ultralight axion dark matter (DM) is discussed in the general relativistic framework.
The critical condition of collapsing of self-attracting DM in non-relativistic treatment corresponds to dust particle, which allows to estimate the time scale of the SMBH formation and the its length scale in the general relativistic framework. It gives the support of ultralight axion model based on the string model as the origins of the early universe SMBH and the Little Red Dots (LRDs) etc. observed by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Neutrino cosmology after DESI: tightest mass upper limits, preference for the normal ordering, and tension with terrestrial observations
Authors: Jiang Jun-Qian , Giarè William , Gariazzo Stefano , Dainotti Maria Giovanna , Di Valentino Eleonora , Mena Olga , Pedrotti Davide , Santos da Costa Simony , Vagnozzi Sunny
Published: January 2025

The recent DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements have led to tight upper limits on the neutrino mass sum, potentially in tension with oscillation constraints requiring ∑ mν
≳ 0.06 eV. Under the physically motivated assumption of positive ∑ mν
, we study the extent to which these limits are tightened by adding other available cosmological probes, and robustly quantify the preference for the normal mass ordering over the inverted one, as well as the tension between cosmological and terrestrial data. Combining DESI data with Cosmic Microwave Background measurements and several late-time background probes, the tightest 2σ limit we find without including a local H
0 prior is ∑ mν
< 0.05 eV. This leads to a strong preference for the normal ordering, with Bayes factor relative to the inverted one of 46.5. Depending on the dataset combination and tension metric adopted, we quantify the tension between cosmological and terrestrial observations as ranging between 2.5σ and 5σ. These results are strenghtened when allowing for a time-varying dark energy component with equation of state lying in the physically motivated non-phantom regime, w(z) ≥ -1, highlighting an interesting synergy between the nature of dark energy and laboratory probes of the mass ordering. If these tensions persist and cannot be attributed to systematics, either or both standard neutrino (particle) physics or the underlying cosmological model will have to be questioned.
Research on objective evaluation methods for air conditioning sound quality
Authors: Li Bin , Yang Sijia , Qiu Xiangyu , Wang Jun
Published: January 2025

With the continuous reduction of air conditioning noise, sound quality has become a new important research direction in air conditioning. This paper establishes a subjective evaluation method for sound quality based on the reference scoring method through multiple comparative studies, resulting in higher timeliness and accuracy of evaluation results. By analyzing the sensitivity of objective evaluation parameters for sound quality, including A-weighted sound level, loudness, sharpness, roughness, speech clarity, and prominence ratio, objective evaluation models for sound quality were developed using multiple linear regression analysis and neural network algorithms. The conformity of both objective evaluation models with the subjective evaluation results for sound quality reached approximately 90%, with the neural network modeling method showing slightly higher accuracy than the linear regression analysis method.
Study on three-dimensional background normalization based on continuous active sonar
Authors: Lu Shiyu , Li Dongyang , Ding Feng
Published: January 2025

Background normalization is one of the hot fields in underwater acoustic signal processing. Building on the conventional two-dimensional background normalization methods, this paper extends these techniques to three dimensions, tailored for the high-dimensional characteristics of continuous active sonar detection data. The three-dimensional background normalization algorithm sets protection windows and reference windows in the azimuth, range, and Doppler directions, and then uses the data from the reference windows to estimate the background power of the test cell. This paper analyzes and verifies the performance of the three-dimensional background normalization detection algorithm using simulated continuous active sonar detection data. The result shows that, compared to traditional two-dimensional background normalization detection algorithms, the three-dimensional background normalization detection algorithm performs better in complex backgrounds.
Study on the effect of acoustic scattering on the performance of close-packed array elements
Authors: Xin Tan , Quan Liang , Yuan Gao , Lei Wang
Published: January 2025

Currently, with the continuous advancement of underwater robotic systems and technologies, the associated acoustic payloads are required to develop towards miniaturization and multifunctional integration. In the design and application of acoustic systems, the effects of acoustic scattering and the resulting performance degradation cannot be ignored. To address this issue, this paper constructs a finite element model of densely packed array elements’ acoustic scattering in a dual circular ring array design using finite element software. Based on the model simulations of sound waves at different frequencies, the disturbance of the array elements’ acoustic scattering on the received sound field is discussed. Further analysis is conducted on the mutual scattering effects between array elements and their impact on the performance of individual hydrophones. The simulation results show that within the frequency range of 1-100 kHz, there is significant scattering between small-sized array elements, with the scattered sound pressure level increasing linearly with frequency. Under given array parameters, the change in hydrophone reception performance is mainly due to the scattering effects of array elements in the normal direction of the hydrophone, and is related to the incident direction of the sound wave.
Numerical research on droplet formation in T-shaped microchannel using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Cai Shengchuan , Dong Min , Qi Susu , Liu Jinglei
Published: January 2025

The droplet dynamics in the microchannels are exceptionally sophisticated, and there are many factors that can affect the formation, motion and interaction of micro-droplets. The insufficient understanding of the flow mechanism in microchannels has become a primary constraint to the development of efficient micro-droplet equipment. This paper focuses on the microscale multiphase flow, using the two-phase lattice Boltzmann model and numerical methods to conduct research on the mechanism and process of droplet formation inside T-shaped microchannels. It is demonstrated that the formation of droplets presents three stages: the entering stage, formation stage and shedding stage. With the variation of Ca number, the droplet formation manifests in three different modes: squeezing mode, dripping mode and jetting mode. When the flow ratio remains constant, the droplet length decreases with the increase of Ca number, and the interface fracture position moves downstream.
Network analysis of memristive device circuits: dynamics, stability andcorrelations
Authors: Barrows Frank , Caravelli Francesco , Sheldon Forrest
Published: January 2025

Networks with memristive devices are a potential basis for the next generation of computing devices. They are also an important model system for basic science, from modeling nanoscale conductivity to providing insight into the information-processing of neurons. The resistance in a memristive device depends on the history of the applied bias
Facticity and the Fate of Reason After Kant
Authors: Bruno G Anthony
Published: January 2025

Facticity and the Fate of Reason After Kant is the first history of the concept of facticity. It shows that this concept’s coining, transmission, and repurposing by post-Kantian thinkers leaves a lasting divide concerning the question of whether a science of intelligibility can tolerate brute facts. ‘Facticity’ is associated with phenomenology, for which it denotes undeducibly brute conditions of intelligibility. While this suggests an affirmative answer to the post-Kantian question, ‘facticity’ originates with German idealism, whose proponents answer negatively. Fichte coins ‘facticity’ to denote intolerably brute conditions that are putatively presupposed by reason. A science of intelligibility must eliminate bruteness to be systematic, as Fichte says, or presuppositionless, as Hegel says. Moreover, eliminating bruteness requires dialectical logic, which Fichte invents and Hegel develops, to deduce conditions of intelligibility from reason’s self-contradictions. German idealism’s logical revolution provokes Heidegger’s objection that dialectic ineluctably presupposes factical conditions of lived experience, which must be interpreted hermeneutically. The untold history of ‘facticity’ thus contains the deepest parting of the ways after Kant. On the one hand, Hegel follows Fichte in pursuing a presuppositionless science, although Schelling charges Hegel with presupposing both that science’s value and existence itself. On the other hand, Heidegger rejects presuppositionlessness for a hermeneutics of facticity. The trajectory from German idealism to phenomenology is accordingly one in which facticity initially impedes the science of intelligibility yet ultimately characterizes the situation in which this science is possible. Within this trajectory, reason is fated to transform from the hand holding the world to the thrown activity of being-in-the-world.
Introduction
Authors: Bruno G Anthony
Published: January 2025

This book provides the first history of the concept of facticity and demonstrates that its coining, transmission, and repurposing by major thinkers after Kant leaves a deep and lasting divide concerning the post-Kantian question of whether a science of intelligibility can tolerate brute facts. This divide is expressed as a fundamental methodological opposition between Fichte and Hegel’s German idealist demand that apparent bruteness be expunged by deductive means, on pain of disowning reason’s freedom and inviting its annihilation, and Heidegger’s phenomenological demand that genuine bruteness be interpreted by hermeneutical means, on pain of evading our finitude and ignoring our thrownness. The primary historical claim will be that we cannot fully understand the path from Kant to German idealism to phenomenology without understanding the momentous trajectory of the concept of facticity. The primary philosophical claim will be that we find in phenomenology’s revival of the Kantian senses of modesty and contingency a defensible and, indeed, superior response to the post-Kantian question.
Resisting Terror
Authors: Argomaniz Javier
Published: January 2025

This book on civil action and nonviolent resistance to terrorism in Basque Country explains the impact of collective action on the decline and end of the separatist armed group ETA. It reflects on how activism by the peace movement helped to delegitimize in society the use of terrorism to achieve political goals by diffusing democratic and nonviolence norms. It explores how civil society actors created new discourses that challenged ETA’s political project. It describes how civil resistance to the armed group undermined the prestige of militants within the community and helped to limit the social reach of violent extremist narratives. It depicts the efforts by social movement organizations to protect the fabric of society from the effects of political violence. It details how peacebuilding efforts by civil society groups were instrumental in building pressure from ETA’s own political movement to leave the armed struggle behind and later facilitate ETA’s disarmament and disbandment. And it indicates how the findings from this study can be extrapolated to go beyond this case and inform terrorism studies, civil resistance, peace and conflict, and social movements scholarship more widely.
Lessons from the Basque Case
Authors: Argomaniz Javier
Published: January 2025

Chapter 6 reviews the arguments presented in the previous empirical chapters and discusses their implications for the fields of terrorism studies and peace and conflict. It details the different mechanisms through which civil action impacted the trajectory of the violence. The chapter situates the main claims within the civil resistance, social movements, and contentious politics literatures, exploring the ramifications of the findings and paying special attention to the way the political opportunity structure and the agency of collective action are interconnected in this case. Finally, it elaborates on the relationship between civil action and the other major factors that are usually recognized in the literature as pivotal for ETA’s defeat.
Conceptualizing Japanese Brazilian and Jewish Brazilian Identities
Authors: Ju Angela
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces the Pigmentocracy and Perceived Integration Model with a vertical “color” axis and a horizontal perceived integration axis that will be applied to the subsequent empirical chapters. This chapter begins by introducing existing scholarship about the possible identities that Japanese Brazilians and Jewish Brazilians may emphasize in specific contexts, especially though the lenses of theories of political incorporation from Political Science and social integration from Sociology. These works provide the theoretical building blocks of the model. Although scholars typically distinguish between political incorporation and social integration, these processes are deeply intertwined within the context of this study because it is difficult to make progress toward political incorporation without already having made some progress in social integration. For this reason, the chapter discusses these theoretical literatures in relation to one another.
Health-related quality of life and mental health outcomes among cancer survivors in an insomnia intervention: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwon Misol , Zhu Jingtao , Wilding Gregory E , Larkin Karen , Gehrman Philip R , Dickerson Suzanne S
Published: January 2025

Background

While brief behavioral therapy for insomnia (BBTI) has shown promising results in improving sleep outcomes, its effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental health among cancer survivors have been understudied.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of BBTI on HRQOL and mental health outcomes among cancer survivors, relative to an attention control group receiving a healthy eating program (HEP), over periods from baseline to 12 months and from 3 to 12 months.

Methods

A sample of 132 cancer survivors with insomnia symptoms (Mage: 63.7 ± 10 years; 55.3% female) was assessed at baseline, with the final analytical sample of 121 (BBTI = 62, HEP = 59). Self-reported HRQOL, mood disturbance, depression, and anxiety at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months were examined. A multivariate linear model using least squares means evaluated within- and between-group differences.

Results

No significant differences in outcome variables were found between the randomized groups at any time point. Both groups showed significant improvements in total HRQOL, mood disturbance, and anxiety symptoms from baseline to 12 months. Only the BBTI group demonstrated a significant reduction in depressive symptoms within the group, an effect not observed in the HEP group. The most noticeable changes occurred within the first 3 months, with no statistically significant differences from 3 to 12 months within or between groups.

Conclusion

While both randomized groups showed improvements in total HRQOL, mood, and anxiety symptoms, only BBTI produced significant within-group improvements in depressive symptoms over 12 months.

Clinical trial registration

https://ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03810365.
Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable and water-soluble pantetheine trisulfide and its composites
Authors: Tomonaga Shoichiro , Ishimaru Hiroaki , Misada Shizuki , Isobe Takahiro , Ohshima Etsuo , Kitagaki Shinji
Published: January 2025

We clarified for the first time the synthesis procedure and characterization of pantetheine trisulfide, a potential new drug. Pantetheine trisulfide is the first supersulfur compound with both thermal stability and water solubility. Its hygroscopicity and deliquescence promote the hydrolysis of trisulfide, but these limitations are overcome by powdered composites of pantetheine trisulfide with silica gel or lactose.
Possible multiple origins of some important characteristics of the keel (papilionate) flowers within Fabales
Authors: Aygören Uluer Deniz
Published: January 2025

Keel flowers are bilaterally symmetrical, pentamerous flowers with the reproductive organs enclosed by keel petals. Within Fabales, keel flowers are dominant in two species-rich lineages, tribe Polygaleae (Polygalaceae) and subfamily Fabaceae (Papilionoideae); however, independent events are also observed, such as in the genus Cercis. Prior to advances in phylogenetics (i.e. in contrast to more recent studies), most of the studies hypothesized a non-keeled origin for the Faboideae, although a detailed investigation has never been carried out. In this study, using the results of Aygören Uluer et al. (2020a, 2022a), the origin of some important morphological characters of the keel flower are examined, namely floral symmetry, perianth heteromorphism (i.e. three distinct petal/+sepal types), and the presence of enclosed reproductive organs. These characters are analysed within the Fabales using three different ancestral state analyses based on a phylogeny constructed for 678 taxa using published matK, rbcL, and trnL plastid gene regions. The analyses show that symmetry probably originated in the (Fabaceae + Polygalaceae) clade, while the enclosed reproductive organs and three types of petals appear to have evolved independently multiple times. Interestingly, neither enclosed reproductive organs nor petal heteromorphism evolved in the MRCA of the Faboideae, but rather in a very early stage of the evolution of the subfamily. While future homology assessments and/or evolutionary developmental genetic (evo-devo) studies will be required to more clearly elucidate the evolutionary processes, the current study is the first attempt to investigate the origin of some important characteristics of keel flowers within the order Fabales.
A Case of a Blistering Eruption in Skin of Colour
Authors: Ali Omar M E , Haqiqi Ala , Salem Rana , Nasr Batoul , Hampton Philip
Published: January 2025

We report a case of a 31-year-old Nigerian woman with a recurrent papulovesicular eruption, representing one of the first known cases of a disease in skin of colour. We discuss the clinical and histopathological features, as well as relevant immunohistochemical markers.
Predicting human olfactory perception by odorant structure and receptor activation profile
Authors: Ihara Yusuke , Ijichi Chiori , Nogi Yasuko , Sugiki Masayuki , Kodama Yuko , Ihara Sayoko , Shirasu Mika , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Touhara Kazushige
Published: January 2025

Humans possess a remarkable ability to discriminate a wide range of odors with high precision. This process begins with olfactory receptors (ORs) detecting and responding to the molecular structures of odorants. Recent studies have aimed to associate the activity of a single OR to an odor descriptor or predict odor descriptors using 2D molecular representation. However, predicting a limited number of odor descriptors is insufficient to fully understand the widespread and elaborate olfactory perception process. Therefore, we conducted structure-activity relationship analyses for ORs of eugenol, vanillin, and structurally similar compounds, investigating the correlation between molecular structures, OR activity profiles, and perceptual odor similarity. Our results indicated that these structurally similar compounds primarily activated six ORs, and the activity profiles of these ORs correlated with their perception. This enabled the development of a prediction model for the eugenol-similarity score from OR activity profiles (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.687). Furthermore, the molecular structures of odorants were represented as 3D shapes and pharmacophore fingerprints, considering the 3D structural similarities between various odorants with multiple conformations. These 3D shape and pharmacophore fingerprints could also predict the perceptual odor similarity (R2 = 0.514). Finally, we identified key molecular structural features that contributed to predicting sensory similarities between compounds structurally similar to eugenol and vanillin. Our models, which predict odor from OR activity profiles and similarities in the 3D structure of odorants, may aid in understanding olfactory perception by compressing the information from a vast number of odorants into the activity profiles of 400 ORs.
Range delimitation and flight phenology for Archips goyerana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a significant defoliator of baldcypress
Authors: McAndrew Kristy M , Coyle David R , Gomez Demian F , Oten Kelly L F , Sheehan Thomas N , Sullivan Brian T , Ward Samuel F
Published: January 2025

Forested wetlands support diverse biota and provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Archips goyerana Kruse (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a native pest that defoliates baldcypress (Taxodium distichum var. distichum (L.) Rich.; Cupressaceae) and pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium (Nuttall); Croom), 2 keystone trees throughout forested wetlands of the southeastern United States. Outbreaks of the A. goyerana have been isolated to southeastern Louisiana, where they have caused reduced growth, crown dieback, and limited tree death. However, aerial detection surveys indicated that severe defoliation by A. goyerana has been affecting wetlands further east within the region. Given the possibility of expanding outbreaks, it is important to understand the timing of A. goyerana activity, duration of the flight period, and efficacy of different trap types to guide survey efforts. We deployed traps in a paired design, one bucket trap and one delta trap, each baited with synthetic A. goyerana sex pheromone at 30 sites throughout the range of baldcypress. Over 2 field seasons, we checked traps weekly and quantified the number of A. goyerana caught per trap type, ability of each trap type to detect a single moth (trap sensitivity), and growing degree days, using a base temperature of 5 °C accumulated at the onset, peak, and cessation of the flight period. We found that delta traps caught more moths but sensitivity of traps was equal between the 2 trap types. Analyses of phenology indicated that A. goyerana flight occurred between ~1,000 and 1,600 growing degree days. Optimizing trapping practices for A. goyerana may improve detection of endemic populations and help identify areas potentially at risk of experiencing outbreaks.
The Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Invasion: The Construction of an Invasive Animal Threatening a “Healthy” Great Lakes Ecosystem
Authors: Bijman Vincent
Published: January 2025

During the late 1930s, Great Lakes fishermen became concerned because of the new occurrence of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Originally an Atlantic coastal fish, it was allowed to migrate throughout the Great Lakes due to various canal extensions. By drawing from literature on the sociology of environmental problems and animal invasions, this article traces how the sea lamprey became problematized as a threatening invader between the late 1930s and early 1970s. Throughout this period, a broad coalition of fishery biologists, fishermen, politicians, and journalists were involved in framing the problem. Although sea lamprey research, localized control practices, and environmental discourses considerably changed, the sea lamprey continued to be regarded as an invasive fish that was not allowed to exist in the Great Lakes. The case shows how these shifting ways of understanding the problem in fact led to the continuation of past management directions.
Human papillomavirus-related squamous cell carcinomas after blood or marrow transplantation—a BMTSS report
Authors: Holmqvist Anna Sällfors , Meng Qingrui , Landier Wendy , Hageman Lindsey , Francisco Liton F , Ross Elizabeth Schlichting , Balas Nora , Bosworth Alysia , Te Hok Sreng , Bhatia Ravi , Wong F Lennie , Weisdorf Daniel , Armenian Saro H , Bhatia Smita
Published: January 2025

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with an increased risk for a variety of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the general population. The risk for subsequent SCCs in BMT survivors that are potentially related to HPV (cervical, oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, anal, and penile cancer; HPV-related SCCs) remains unknown.

Methods

We determined the risk of HPV-related SCCs in 7,936 2 y-survivors of autologous or allogeneic BMT performed between 1974 and 2014 and identified the role of demographic and clinical factors associated with HPV-related SCCs using proportional subdistribution hazards model for competing risks. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used to compare the risk of HPV-related SCC with age-, sex-, and calendar-specific incidence in the general population.

Results

The median age at transplantation was 46 y (range, 0-78 y); 58.5% (n = 4,642) were males, and 72.2% (n = 5,727) were non-Hispanic White. Half of the patients (50.3%, n = 3,991) had received an allogeneic BMT. The SIR for oropharyngeal SCC (n = 53) was 1.8 (95%CI = 1.3-2.3) and for cervical SCC among female BMT recipients (n = 26) was 9.4 (95%CI = 6.3-13.6), compared to the general US population. The hazard of an HPV-related SCC was higher among allogeneic BMT recipients with chronic graft vs host disease (cGvHD) (any HPV-related SCC: HR = 6.24, 95%CI = 3.11-12.50; oropharyngeal: HR = 4.85, 95%CI = 2.11-11.15; cervical: HR = 4.98, 95%CI = 1.65-15.00; reference=autologous BMT). Pre-BMT radiation increased the risk of oropharyngeal SCC (HR = 2.98, 95%CI = 1.57-5.65).

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of risk-based HPV vaccination and surveillance after BMT.