bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Slope Dynamic of Cilacap Backshore During Transition Season
Authors: EkoDwi Haryono Florencius , Nalendra Lazuardy , Trenggono Mukti , Amron Amron , Hartoyo
Published: August 2018

Indonesia as one oftropical and archipelago countriesis daily illuminated by the sunlight.The integration of sunlight and earth pseudo-movement cause a dry and rainy seasons. The transition from one to another seasonoccur twice a year, which isMarch-May (first transition season) and September-November (second transition season). This research aim was to analyze the foreshore slope dynamic atCilacapcoast during the transitionseason. Data of slope dynamic were collected bi-weekly from March to May 2017 at 16 sites, where the distance of each site was 2 miles.The angle of slope was measured perpendicular to the shoreline using Theodolite,i.e. at the boundary of coastal vegetation, center site and foreshore waterline at low tide. The backshoreslope at four sites were increase at the second month and at the end of the transition seasonwas decline. The changes of foreshore slope at other siteswere decrease. The monthly dynamic of foreshore slope in the transitionseason underwent a narrow of change and different condition.The highest and lowest slope of the coast occurred on April (8%) and May (5.2%) consecutively. The transition season wasmostly influenced by the changes of wind pattern thatwouldaffect the ocean wave and the impacttobackshore slope was vary.The backshore slope changes were shown that more slopingat the end of the season. The transition season had an impact onbackshore slope and statistically, the monthly changes of coast slope weresignificant difference [p (0.05)].
The pattern of coastline change based on the characteristics of sediment and coastal slope in Pangenan coast of Cirebon, West Java
Authors: Suhendra  , Amron Amron , Hilmi Endang
Published: August 2018

The coastline changes depend on stability of coastal bodies, such as characteristics of sediment and coastal slope. This research aimed to determine the relationship between the rate of coastline changes with the characteristics of sediment and coastal slope. The coastline changes were analysed by Landsat satellite images in 1991, 1999 and 2017 used End Point Rate (EPR) method on Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) module. Sediment characteristics (grain size and sediment statistics mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis) were analysed by dry sieves and hydrometer with graphical method. The coastal slope used ASTER DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data analysis. The results showed that coastline changes at Pangenan coast of Cirebon in 1991-1999, 1999-2017 and 1991-2017 had average accretion rate respectively was 10.72 m/year, 7.25 m/year, 8.97 m/year and average abrasion rate was -12.49 m/year, -9.67 m/year, -6.70 m/year. The sediments were dominated by coarse silt, that had characteristics, were very well sorted, very fine skewed and platykurtic. The coastal slope was categorized as flat. The conclusion of this research was the rate of coastline change had not significant correlation with sediment and coastal slope.
Corporate criminal liability towards the doer of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in indonesia
Authors: Bintoro Rahadi Wasi , Raharjo Agus , Sudrajat Tedi
Published: August 2018

The seas in Indonesia are so wide and its natural wealth (fish) just can be explored and exploited by the ships which are owned by corporation. Those ships are potential to do illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing. Even though corporation might commit a crime but the corporation can not be asked yet for the criminal liability. Nevertheless, criminal liability is charged to corporation’s staff. This research is included as normative research based on the study of law material. Stipulation of Article 101 Law Number 45 year 2009 jo Law Number 31 year 2004 on fishery, state that the claim and sanction in fishery criminal case which done by corporation will be given to corporation’s staff in form of fine penalty and added third of the given penalty. This is a reverse of criminal law because the other fields make corporation as the doer and can be asked for their responsibility. The theory development on criminal corporation liability seems does not followed by law maker. Consequently, there is no deterrent effect towards the doer of fishery criminal corporation cases. It needs law amendment and insert the corporation criminal liability clause, so there is a visible deterrent effect for the doer.
Institutional and Management Analysis of the Auction Fish Place (AFP) for Improving Fishermen’s Welfare in Tegalsari AFP, Tegal City, Central Java
Authors: Junaidi Teuku , Fitri Mardani Irfina , Mahdiana Arif
Published: August 2018

Institutional and Management Analysis of The Auction Fish Place (AFP) for Improving Fishermen's Welfare in Tegalsari AFP, Tegal City, Central Java” research aimed to find out the institutional system of Auction Fish Place (AFP) and Evaluation Strategy of Auction Fish Place (AFP) Tegalsari based on its institutional function. This research uses survey method which done by observation and interview. The data used are primary data and secondary data which then analyzed descriptively by using SWOT analysis. The result showed that the institutional and management system in Tegalsari AFP has been running well, from the performance of AFP managers and the tender system that runs smoothly in accordance with applicable regulations. The optimal management strategy of Tegalsari AFP is by improving the existing operational system in AFP, one of them is clean water facility and access to capital for local fisherman.
Fishing seasons of fish landed at Sungailiat Archipelago Fishing Port in Bangka Regency
Authors: Fauziyah  , Agustriani Fitri , Melda Situmorang Desi , Suteja Yuliyanto
Published: August 2018

The fish landed at the Archipelago Fishing Port of Sungailiat is an important aspect for the fishing industry development. One of the factors that influence the sustainability of capture fisheries is optimal fishing operation. Fishing season index can be used to determine an appropriate time in perform of fishing operations. The objective of this research is to determine fishing season pattern of pelagic and demersal fish in the Archipelago Fishing Port of Sungailiat. Time series data on catch and fishing efforts (2006-2015) collected from Sungailiat Archipelago Fishing Port were used to calculate monthly CPUEs and then analysed using moving average method to obtain fishing season index for each month. This results showed that the peak fishing season of eastern little tuna and Barre spanish mackerel occur for 4 months with the best peak season respectively in October and April. The peak fishing season of Yelowstripe Scad, Tile Trevally, Terpedo Scad, sharks and Grouper occur for 5 months with the best peak season respectively in October, May, January, April, and February. The peak fishing season of Marine catfish and Black pomfret occur for 6 months with the best peak season respectively in January and October. While the peak fishing season of Ray occur for 8 months with the best peak season in October.
Make Peace With the Damaged Coast(The Experience of Mentok Coastal Community in Adapting the Offshore Tin Mining)
Authors: Ibrahim  , Haryadi Dwi , Wahyudin Nanang
Published: August 2018

Tin mining in Mentok coastal area, West Bangka Regency has been the ironic view in the middle of local government effort to progress its territory, including the effort to develop tourism and marine sector. When there are many areas in Bangka Island flare up to refuse the presence of Production Suction Vessel (KIP/KapalIsapProduksi), people around Mentok coastal area spanning from Rubiah gulf to Kalian peninsula received the present of offshore mining. This paper went deep into why KIP could be accepted by Mentok people. It was designed from qualitative research result exploring data through deep interview technique, observation, and documentation. This study result showed that KIP operation in the area run well either as there was compensation modus distributed to every householder in the coastal area in the form of cash money. Provision of cash was managed in terms of securing production process assisted by the administrator to bridge the interest between businessman and society. Local government as the permission issuer and society who didn‟t give resistance omission sustainability and natural preservation principle; a pragmatic face wrapped with omission principle and justification on the economy aggression.
Protection of Traditional Fishermen in The Granting of Fishery Licenses in Indonesia
Authors: Azhar Muhamad , Suhartoyo Suhartoyo , ALW Lita Tyesta , Suharso Putut , Herawati Vivi Endar
Published: August 2018

The granting of fishing licenses for large vessels is very detrimental to the existence of small fishermen. Small fishermen or so-called traditional fishermen are powerless to face the dominance of fishing pens and licenses by large boats. This study aims to determine the rare step in providing protection to traditional Indonesian fishermen on the granting of fishing licenses for large companies in Indonesia. This research is an empirical juridical research using statutory uproach approach, conceptual aproach, and comparative approach. Then analyzed using synthesis analysis. The results show that traditional fishermen tend not to have adequate legal protection in terms of fishing in Indonesian waters. Traditional fishermen tend to be allowed to compete with large vessels that have licenses to catch fish in the Indonesian territory. The granting of fishing licenses is not accompanied by certain obligations associated with traditional fishermen protection. If observed, the permit should have a fishing license charging certain liability obligations for the permit holder.
Comparative study on the effect of samarium additions on thermo-mechanical behaviour of shape memory alloys
Authors: Thomas Manvel Raj , Dhandabani Balaji , Velu Chandran
Published: August 2018

In the present work, a comparative study of the shape memory and thermo-mechanical behaviour of four alloys containing different amount of samarium have been carried out at a strain rate of 0.08 × 10-6s-1. After hot rolling, annealing and solution treatment, the alloy samples were tensile deformed at room temperature from 1% to 5% and were then recovered at 600 °C for 20 minutes repeatedly for six times to complete six training cycles. It is found that thermo-mechanical treatment (training) results in improvement of shape memory effect and has a significant influence on mechanical parameters like proof stress (σ: 0.002), critical stress (σ: 0.0008) and strain hardening exponent. The improvement in shape memory effect by thermo-mechanical treatment can be regarded as the effect of reduction in the values of proof stress and critical stress during training which facilitates the formation of ε (martensite). It has also been noticed that excessive training may result in the formation of ά (martensite) due to continuous softening of the alloy during training, thus degrading the shape memory effect. Finally, it has also been noticed that the addition of samarium increases the values of proof stress, critical stress and strain hardening exponent. Although the addition of samarium increases the values of proof stress, critical stress and strain hardening exponent yet it has not an adverse effect on shape memory effect. In this paper, the effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on mechanical parameters such as proof stress, critical stress, strain hardening exponent and their influence on shape memory effect is discussed.
Cibler les cellules sénescentes
Authors: Tachikart Yassin , Malaise Olivier , Constantinides Michaël , Jorgensen Christian , Brondello Jean-Marc
Published: August 2018

Avec le vieillissement des populations, nos sociétés doivent faire face à l’émergence d’un nombre exponentiel de patients atteints de maladies chroniques dégénératives liées à l’âge, telles que l’arthrose ou l’ostéoporose. Le « mieux » vieillir sera ainsi au centre des prochains défis médicaux par un maintien de l’autonomie des sujets âgés et une réduction des coûts des services de santé. Au cours des 5 dernières années, en se fondant sur des modèles murins innovants ou des études in vitro, de nombreuses équipes ont démontré que plusieurs pathologies dégénératives liées à l’âge avaient en commun une accumulation délétère de cellules dites sénescentes. Sous le concept de sénolyse, il a ainsi été proposé d’éliminer pharmacologiquement ces cellules afin de retarder l’émergence de ces pathologies chroniques du sujet âgé. Nous nous proposons ici de faire le point sur les stratégies récemment mises en place, permettant l’identification de composés sénolytiques, ainsi que de définir leurs utilisations thérapeutiques comme traitement de l’arthrose et de l’ostéoporose.
Mucoviscidose : dans la ligne des miR
Authors: Bardin Pauline , Sonneville Florence , Tabary Olivier
Published: August 2018

La mucoviscidose est la plus fréquente des maladies génétiques dans les populations d’origine caucasienne, caractérisée par des mutations du gène codant le canal chlorure CFTR. Bien que ce gène soit connu depuis 1989, les solutions thérapeutiques curatives proposées aux patients restent limitées. De nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques sont explorées, comme celles ciblant les microARN qui participent à la régulation de l’expression d’ARN messagers cibles. Cette revue fait le point sur les travaux portant sur l’implication de ces microARN dans la mucoviscidose, notamment dans le contrôle des canaux ioniques, de l’inflammation, de l’infection et de l’obstruction bronchique, et leurs potentiels thérapeutiques.
« Déserts médicaux » et accessibilité aux soins : de quoi parle-t-on ?
Authors: Lucas-Gabrielli Véronique , Chevillard Guillaume
Published: August 2018

L’accessibilité aux soins des français apparaît menacée par l’existence ou l’apparition d’espaces caractérisés par un manque de soignants souvent appelés « déserts médicaux ». Ces espaces renvoient en fait à des réalités multiples relatives à la faiblesse de l’offre médicale disponible couplée à l’enclavement des territoires et à l’importance des besoins de soins. Nous proposons ici d’exposer les différentes manières de mesurer l’accessibilité aux médecins généralistes libéraux ou de qualifier les espaces avec des inadéquations entre offre et besoins de soins afin de montrer la confusion que peut générer ce concept, ainsi que les enjeux pour les pouvoirs publics quand il s’agit de définir des mesures pour y faire face.
L’hélio-sismologie et l’énigme de l’opacité du fer
Authors: Pain Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2018

La mesure du spectre de pulsations d’une étoile permet d’obtenir des informations sur les processus physiques qui régissent sa structure et son évolution. La révision récente des abondances chimiques solaires entraîne un désaccord entre le modèle stellaire standard et les mesures d’hélio-sismologie.

L’opacité du fer a été mesurée en laboratoire, dans des conditions proches de celles de l’interface entre les zones radiative et convective du Soleil. Les opacités déduites des mesures sont, dans une gamme spectrale allant de 7 à 12,7 Å, de 30 à 400 % supérieures aux calculs, ce qui tend à réconcilier mesures hélio-sismiques et prédictions du modèle standard, mais demeure une énigme pour les théoriciens.
Alerte aux conférences prédatrices !
Authors: Bloch Daniel
Published: August 2018

Quelques traces électroniques laissées dans le monde académique suffisent pour recevoir des sollicitations à publier article ou « numéro spécial » dans un journal inconnu ou pour être « invité » à une conférence lointaine. Le gâchis induit par ces journaux et conférences « prédatrices » n’est pas seulement financier. Fréquemment, des collègues trop peu vigilants se retrouvent à des « conférences » ineptes. D’où cette mise en garde.
Novel triple lumen catheter for ERCP tissue diagnosis
Authors: Goetz Martin , Malek Nisar P.
Published: August 2018

Introduction The ideal endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) tissue sampling technique should be simple, inexpensive, and yield sufficient tissue for histology while permitting contrast-guided targeting under fluorescence and multiple passes into the bile duct. Current techniques do not fulfill these requirements comprehensively. We designed a catheter for optimized targeting of large intrabiliary biopsies.

Methods A 3.5-mm sterile, single-use prototype catheter was developed, with three independent lumina extending continuously to the distal tip for three distinct functions to be available simultaneously: passage of large volume biopsy forceps (1.8 mm), wire guidance (0.035″), and contrast injection.

Results First clinical use in five patients (four transpapillary, one percutaneous access) allowed good intrabiliary manipulation in 4/5 patients. Contrast-guided sampling provided adequate specimens. No adverse events were noted.

Discussion Technical aspects and preliminary clinical data for the novel triple lumen biopsy catheter are encouraging. The catheter allowed wire guidance and contrast application to guide sampling of larger pieces of tissue. In perspective, the working channel could host any accessory for targeted intrabiliary diagnosis and therapy, and catheter use is not limited to bile ducts.
Tumor rupture of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors during endoscopic resection: a risk factor for peritoneal metastasis?
Authors: Song Shiyi , Ren Wei , Wang Yi , Zhang Shu , Zhang Song , Liu Fei , Cai Qiang , Xu Guifang , Zou Xiaoping , Wang Lei
Published: August 2018

Background and study aims Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Up to the present time, complete surgical excision has been the standard treatment for primary GISTs greater than 2 cm. It is well known that tumor rupture during surgery is an independent risk factor for peritoneal metastasis; however, it is not known whether the risk of peritoneal metastasis increases in cases where the tumor is ruptured during endoscopic resection.

Patients and methods A total of 195 patients treated for GIST between January 2014 and December 2016 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups according to whether the tumor was ruptured during endoscopic resection. The rate of peritoneal metastasis in patients in the two groups who also suffered perforation was investigated from the follow-up results.

Results Approximately 55.4 % of all patients were female and the average age of the study group was 59.0 ± 10.3 years. Of the 195 patients, the tumors in 27 were ruptured and the remaining 168 patients underwent en bloc resection. There was no statistically significant difference in gender or age between the two groups. The median tumor size (maximum diameter) in all patients was 1.5 cm (0.3 – 5.0 cm): 2.5 cm (0.8 – 5.0 cm) and 1.4 cm (0.3 – 4.0 cm) in the tumor rupture group and en bloc resection group, respectively (P < 0.001). Most of the tumors were located in the gastric fundus. At a median follow-up of 18.7 ± 10.2 months, neither tumor recurrence (liver metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, local recurrence) nor mortality related to GISTs were detected.

Conclusions Tumor rupture during endoscopic resection of gastric GISTs may not be a risk factor for peritoneal metastasis.
Detection of aberrant crypt foci with image-enhanced endoscopy
Authors: Kagemoto Kaizo , Okamoto Koichi , Takaoka Toshi , Sato Yasushi , Kitamura Shinji , Kimura Tetsuo , Sogabe Masahiro , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Muguruma Naoki , Tsuneyama Koichi , Takayama Tetsuji
Published: August 2018

Background and study aims Conventional detection of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) with dye-spraying and magnifying observation is labor- and skill-intensive. We performed a prospective non-inferiority study to investigate the utility of image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for detection of ACF.

Patients and methods Patients with a history of colorectal neoplasm were eligible. The number of ACF in the lower rectum was counted first using IEE magnification with narrow-band imaging (NBI) or blue-laser imaging (BLI), and subsequently using the methylene blue method. The primary endpoint was the ACF detection rate with IEE, i. e., the number of ACF detected with IEE relative to the number of ACF detected with methylene blue. The secondary endpoints were bowel preparation time, ACF detection time, and the detection rate with NBI or BLI.

Results A total of 40 patients were enrolled (NBI 20 and BLI 20). The overall detection rate for ACF with IEE was 81.7 % (503/616; 95 %CI 78.8 – 84.6 %), meeting the primary endpoint. The detection rate for ACF with BLI (84.9 %, 258/304) was significantly higher than with NBI (78.5 %, 245/312; P < 0.05). Both bowel preparation time and ACF detection time were significantly shorter with IEE versus the methylene blue method (P < 0.01, respectively). The detection rates for dysplastic and non-dysplastic ACF with IEE were 84.4 % (27/32) and 80.3 % (469/584), respectively.

Conclusion IEE is able to detect ACF during colonoscopy with sensitivity non-inferior to that of the conventional methylene blue method. IEE is simpler than the methylene blue method and is therefore a potentially useful new tool for ACF detection.
Ergebnisse nach prophylaktischer totaler Gastrektomie bei erblichem diffusem Magenkrebs
Authors: Pantelis Dimitrios , Lingohr Philipp , Hueneburg Robert , Spier Isabel , Vilz Tim , Lau Jan F. , Nattermann Jacob , Aretz Stefan , Strassburg Christian P. , Kalff Jörg C.
Published: August 2018

Hintergrund Die prophylaktische totale Gastrektomie ist die Therapie der Wahl bei Patienten mit nachgewiesener pathogener Keimbahnmutation im CDH1-Gen und hierdurch hohem Risiko für die Entwicklung eines diffusen hereditären Magenkarzinoms (HDGC). Minimalinvasive Operationsverfahren wurden in den letzten Jahren im Bereich der onkologischen Magenchirurgie etabliert.

Patienten und Methoden Insgesamt 12 Patienten wurden zwischen 2013 und März 2018 in unserem Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen aufgrund einer nachgewiesenen CDH1-Keimbahnmutation betreut und in unserer Klinik prophylaktisch gastrektomiert. Die perioperativen Ergebnisse wurden in einer Datenbank prospektiv erfasst.

Ergebnisse Es erfolgte in 5 Fällen eine offene (Zeitraum: 2013 – 2015) und in 7 Fällen eine minimalinvasive (Zeitraum: 2016 – 2017) prophylaktische Gastrektomie. Das mediane Alter im Gesamtkollektiv (7 Frauen und 5 Männer) lag bei 42 (19 – 60) Jahren. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit betrug 291 ± 72 Minuten (offen: 269 ± 70; minimalinvasiv: 307 ± 75). Die perioperative 60-Tage-Mortalität und die Anastomoseninsuffizienzrate betrugen 0%. Bei 3 Patienten kam es zu postoperativen Komplikationen (jeweils einmal II, IIIa, IVb nach Clavien-Dindo-Klassifikation), entsprechend einer Morbidität von 25% (3/12). Die postoperative Liegedauer lag bei 14,5 ± 6,2 Tagen (offen: 16,2 ± 7,9; minimalinvasiv: 13,3 ± 5,0). Bei 10 Patienten (10/12; 83%) wurden in der histologischen Aufarbeitung intramukosale Karzinome (pT1a) diagnostiziert, 9 davon mit multifokaler Ausbreitung. Fortgeschrittene Karzinome (≥ pT1b) und Lymphknotenmetastasen lagen in keinem Fall vor.

Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit Verdacht auf ein erhöhtes Risiko für ein hereditäres diffuses Magenkarzinom sollten in einem interdisziplinären Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen betreut werden. Die minimalinvasive (laparoskopische) prophylaktische totale Gastrektomie ist ein machbares und sicheres risikoreduzierendes Verfahren bei Patienten mit CDH1-Genmutation und erblichem Magenkrebs. Demzufolge sollte, bei fehlenden Kontraindikationen und vorhandener Expertise, die minimalinvasive Operation bei diesem speziellen Kollektiv das Standardverfahren sein.
Subcutaneous Administration of Insulin is Associated With Regional
Differences in Injection Depot Variability and Kinetics in The
Rat
Authors: Gradel Anna Katrina Jógvansdóttir , Porsgaard Trine , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Brockhoff Per Bruun , Seested Torben , Refsgaard Hanne Hoffmann Frølund
Published: August 2018

Background In humans, subcutaneous administration of insulin in the
abdominal region or arm is associated with a faster absorption compared to
the thigh or buttocks. We hypothesised that this is partly caused by
differences in injection depot structure and kinetics and that the
variability in insulin exposure differs between injection sites.

Material and methods Regional effects on insulin pharmacokinetics
were evaluated in a series of studies in Sprague Dawley rats dosed
subcutaneously with insulin aspart in the neck or flank. Injection depots
were visualised using µCT after subcutaneous dosing with insulin
aspart mixed with the contrast agent iomeprol, and insulin exposure was
determined between the scans by Luminescent Oxygen Channeling
Immunoassay.

Results Insulin absorption was significantly delayed by subcutaneous
dosing in the flank compared to the neck region (p<0.01 or less).
This delay was associated with smaller depots, as measured by reduced depot
volume and surface area (p<0.001). Furthermore, the delayed
absorption correlated with a slower depot disappearance (p<0.001).
Regional differences in depot variability were not reflected by similar
differences in pharmacokinetic variability.

Conclusion Structure and kinetics of subcutaneous injection
depots—as detected by µCT scans—predict insulin
exposure and may thus contribute to the regional differences in insulin
pharmacokinetics. The present methodology is applicable for visualisation of
insulin injection depots in vivo. Our results did however not support
a link between the variability in depot size and insulin
pharmacokinetics.
Gender Differences in Intra-articular and Extra-articular Injuries Associated with Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures
Authors: Tan Si Heng Sharon , Kripesh Aishwarya , Chan Chloe Xiaoyun , Krishna Lingaraj
Published: August 2018

Females are well known to have a two to nine times increase in relative risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture as compared with males. However, there is limited literature available regarding the rates of associated intra-articular and extra-articular injuries associated with ACL ruptures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in intra-articular and extra-articular injuries associated with ACL ruptures in an acute setting. Therefore, in the cross-sectional study of consecutive patients, all patients who underwent ACL reconstruction in a single institution were identified if they had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done within 6 weeks of sustaining the injury and if their injury was sustained during sports activities. Patients were excluded if they had prior surgery in the affected knee, including revision ACL reconstructions. A musculoskeletal MRI radiologist blinded to the study's purpose then reported the incidence of ligamentous injuries, meniscal tears, chondral injuries, and bone contusions. Correlations were then performed between the patient's gender and the prevalence of these associated injuries. A total of 304 patients were included in the study. Comparison between males and females revealed no gender differences for the associated intra-articular and extra-articular injuries of acute ACL rupture. These include the prevalence of medial collateral ligament injuries (p = 0.118), lateral collateral ligament injuries (p = 0.445), medial meniscus injuries (p = 0.874), lateral meniscus injuries (p = 0.612), chondral injuries (p = 0.331), medial (p = 0.143) and lateral femoral condyle bone contusions (p = 0.246), and medial (p = 0.787) and lateral tibial plateau bone contusions (p = 0.765). In conclusion, males and females have similar rates of associated intra-articular and extra-articular injuries after ACL rupture in the acute setting. These include associated collateral ligament injuries, meniscal injuries, chondral injuries, and bone contusions. The level of evidence is Level II.
Thromboelastometry as an Alternative Method for Coagulation Assessment in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Invasive Procedures: A Pilot Study
Authors: Durila Miroslav , Jonas Jakub , Durilova Marianna , Rygl Michal , Skrivan Jiri , Vymazal Tomas
Published: August 2018

Introduction Standard coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] and prothrombin time [PT]) are used for the assessment of coagulation profile in critically ill pediatric patients undergoing invasive interventions such as insertion of central venous catheter, tonsillectomy, laparotomy, etc. However, these tests do not reflect the profile of whole blood coagulation. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) as a point of care (POC) viscoelastic test may serve as an alternative method. Due to its ability to assess coagulation profile of the whole blood, it might yield normal results despite prolonged aPTT/PT results. The aim of this study was to find out if there was any severe bleeding during or after invasive procedures if ROTEM test was normal despite prolonged values of aPTT/PT in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data for the years 2015 to 2017 for pediatric patients with prolonged values of aPTT or PT and normal ROTEM tests—internal thromboelastometry (INTEM) (assessing internal pathway of coagulation) and external thromboelastometry (EXTEM) (assessing external pathway of coagulation)—and we looked for severe bleeding during or after invasive procedures.

Results In 26 pediatric patients (children from 2 months to 17 years old), we found that INTEM and EXTEM tests showed normal coagulation despite prolonged values of aPTT ratio with a median of 1.47 (minimum 1.04 and maximum 2.05), international normalized ratio with a median of 1.4 (minimum 0.99 and maximum 2.10), and PT ratio with a median of 1.30 (minimum 0.89 and maximum 2.11). In these patients, no severe bleeding was observed during interventions or postoperatively.

Conclusion Our data support using thromboelastometry method as an alternative coagulation test for the assessment of coagulation profile in pediatric patients undergoing surgical or other invasive procedures, especially using it as a POC test. All invasive procedures in our study were performed without severe bleeding despite prolonged values of PT/aPTT with normal ROTEM results. It seems that ROTEM assessment of coagulation may lead to decreased administration of fresh frozen plasma and shorten time of patient preparation for intervention.
A comparison based digital waveform generator for high resolution duty cycle
Authors: Hoffman Nathan M. , Gotlib Zachary P. , Opačić Bojana , Clowers Brian H. , Reilly Peter T. A.
Published: August 2018

A comparison-based digital waveform generator has been developed that directly enables purely duty cycle controlled digital mass filters. This waveform generator operates by the comparison of a periodic waveform and a DC level to produce a digital waveform. The improved duty cycle realized by this method of waveform generation is demonstrated by producing a mass spectrum of electrosprayed lysozyme by varying the duty cycle of a digital waveform applied to a quadrupole rod set. Operation and control of the waveform generator using an inexpensive open-source microcontroller is discussed.
Investigation of optical bistability in core-shell nanoparticles consisting of nonlocal core and magnetoplasmonic shell
Authors: Naseri Tayebeh , Daneshfar Nader , Pourkhavari Fatemeh
Published: August 2018

We study the interaction of an electromagnetic field with a core-shell nanostructure and propose a nonlocal effective medium theory for a core-shell structure made of a nonlocal core and a magneto-optical shell cylinder embedded in the host medium. In addition to the appearance of optical bistability and tristability in this system, it is found that the threshold and window of bistability are strongly dependent on the nonlocality and magneto-optical properties of the core-shell nanoparticle, the size of the nanoparticle, and the incident wavelength. By fine modification of these parameters, it is possible to achieve maximal enhancement of optical nonlinearity from the proposed system. Our study offers a theoretical direction to further structure design and optimization and also applications in the high speed all-optical signal processing.
Transition from linear- to nonlinear-focusing regime of laser filament plasma dynamics
Authors: Reyes Danielle , Baudelet Matthieu , Richardson Martin , Rostami Fairchild Shermineh
Published: August 2018

Laser filament properties, including the plasma induced by the filamenting pulse in the medium, depend on the numerical aperture (NA) of the focusing optics used to create them. Recent studies of this dependence have revealed two distinct linear and non-linear filamentation regimes. High-resolution spatial and temporal electron density measurements are presented demonstrating the transition from the linear to nonlinear focusing regime. This study shows that the dominance of geometrical focusing in the linear (high NA) regime produces plasma with high peak densities and large plasma diameters, while filamentation in the nonlinear regime, equivalent to long distance filamentation, leads to low peak densities and small plasma diameters.
Dynamic surface modification due to effusion of Na in Na2IrO3
Authors: Vasdev Aastha , Yadav Lalit , Kamboj Suman , Mehlawat Kavita , Singh Yogesh , Sheet Goutam
Published: August 2018

The honeycomb lattice iridate Na2IrO3 shows frustrated magnetism and can potentially display Kitaev-like exchange interactions. Recently, it was shown that the electronic properties of the surface of crystalline Na2IrO3 can be tuned by Ar plasma treatment in a controlled manner, leading to various phases of matter ranging from a fully gapped to a metallic surface, where the possibility of a charge-density wave like transition has been suggested. Here, through direct imaging with an atomic force microscope (AFM) in air, we show that the surface of crystalline Na2IrO3 evolves rapidly as elemental Na effuses out of the interleave planes to the surface and undergoes sublimation, thereby disappearing from the surface gradually over time. Using conductive AFM, we recorded a series of topographs and surface current maps simultaneously and found that the modification of the surface leads to change in the electronic properties in a dynamic fashion until the whole system reaches a dynamic equilibrium. These observations are important in the context of the exotic electronic and magnetic properties that the surface of Na2IrO3 displays.
A review of nonlinear fluid models for ion-and electron-acoustic solitons and double layers: Application to weak double layers and electrostatic solitary waves in the solar wind and the lunar wake
Authors: Lakhina G. S. , Singh S. V. , Rubia R. , Sreeraj T.
Published: August 2018

Electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) have been observed in the Earth's magnetosphere, solar wind, lunar wake, and also in other planetary magnetospheres. The observed characteristics of the ESWs have been interpreted in terms of models based either on Bernstein-Green-Kruskal (BGK) modes/phase space holes or ion- and electron-acoustic solitons. However, the space community has favored the models based on BGK modes/phase space holes. In this review, current understanding of the fluid models for ion-and electron-acoustic solitons and double layers in multi-component plasmas is presented. The relationship between the theoretical models and space observations of ESWs is emphasized. Two specific applications of ion- and electron-acoustic solitons to the occurrence of weak double layers and coherent electrostatic waves in the solar wind and the lunar wake are discussed by comparing the observations and theoretical predictions. It is concluded that models based on ion- and electron-acoustic solitons/double layers provide a plausible interpretation for the ESWs observed in space plasmas.
A versatile ion beam spectrometer for studies of ion interaction with 2D materials
Authors: Schwestka Janine , Melinc David , Heller René , Niggas Anna , Leonhartsberger Lukas , Winter Helmut , Facsko Stefan , Aumayr Friedrich , Wilhelm Richard A.
Published: August 2018

We present an ultrahigh vacuum setup for ion spectroscopy of freestanding two-dimensional solid targets. An ion beam of different ion species (e.g., Xe with charge states from 1 to 44 and Ar with charge states from 1 to 18) and kinetic energies ranging from a few 10 eV to 400 keV is produced in an electron beam ion source. Ions are detected after their transmission through the 2D target with a position sensitive microchannel plate detector allowing the determination of the ion’s exit charge state as well as the scattering angle with a resolution of approximately 0.04°. Furthermore, the spectrometer is mounted on a swiveling frame covering a scattering angle of ±8° with respect to the incoming beam direction. By utilizing a beam chopper, we measure the time-of-flight of the projectiles and determine the energy loss when passing a 2D target with an energy uncertainty of about 2%. Additional detectors are mounted close to the target to observe emitted secondary particles and are read-out in coincidence with the position and time information of the ion detector. A signal in these detectors can also be used as a start trigger for time-of-flight measurements, which then yield an energy resolution of 1% and an approximately 1000-fold larger duty cycle. First results on the interaction of slow Xe30+ ions with a freestanding single layer of graphene obtained with the new setup are compared to recently published data where charge exchange and energy were measured by means of an electrostatic analyzer.
Thermal theory of aluminum particle ignition in continuum, free-molecular, and transition heat transfer regimes
Authors: Ermoline Alexandre
Published: August 2018

Most studies on nano- and micro- sized aluminum particle ignition have been focused on the processes occurring inside particles. In the current paper, thermal ignition of an aluminum particle in the air is simulated with different heat transfer models: continuum, free-molecular, and Fuchs model. A single parabolic oxidation law is assumed in the particle size range from nano- to millimeter diameters. A particle is considered ignited when it reaches the oxide melting point. The criterion defining the limits of validity for each model is the ratio of continuum and free-molecular heat transfer rates. The dependence of ignition temperature Ti on the particle size is in qualitative agreement with the experimental trends: Ti can have values in the range of 700–1500 K for nanoparticles due to the dominating contribution of a free-molecular heat transfer, and sharp growth of Ti with the particle size in the range of 1–100 μm diameter is due to the transitional character of heat transfer. For small values of the accommodation coefficient, ignition may occur in the critical ignition mode with the thermal runaway. The results suggest the importance of non-continuous heat transfer and, in particular, energy accommodation in ignition of nano- and micro- sized particles.
Bandgap properties of a piezoelectric phononic crystal nanobeam with surface effect
Authors: Qian Denghui
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper was to extend the traditional plane wave expansion method to calculate the band structure of a proposed piezoelectric phononic crystal (PC) nanobeam with surface effect. The first four orders were chosen to investigate the influence of electrical fields, surface effects, and geometric parameters upon bandgaps. We chose the external electrical voltage applied as the influencing parameter related to electric field. Residual surface stress and material intrinsic length were chosen as the influencing parameters related to surface effect. The influencing geometric parameters were the length of PZT-5H material and epoxy in a unit cell, along with the width and thickness of the PC nanobeam. We hypothesized that data arising from these investigations would be helpful in designing piezoelectric nanobeam-based devices.
Two-dimensional (2D) few-layers WS2 nanosheets: An ideal nanomaterials with tunable electromagnetic absorption performance
Authors: Wu Fan , Xia Yilu , Sun Mengxiao , Xie Aming
Published: August 2018

In this study, few-layer (FL) WS2 nanosheets were fabricated through liquid phase exfoliation, and the dielectric and electromagnetic absorption (EA) properties were first reported. The results show that a composite consisting of 30 wt. % FL-WS2 exhibited an effective EA bandwidth of 4.6 GHz at a thickness of 2.5 mm. Meanwhile, the strongest absorption point (RLstr) can reach −63.0 dB. The most noteworthy is that the FL-WS2 based composite can completely absorb the electromagnetic energy from X (8–12 GHz) and Ku (12–18 GHz) bands. These results indicate that FL-WS2 has practical applications against electromagnetic pollution in the future.
Shielding effects in random large area field emitters, the field enhancement factor distribution, and current calculation
Authors: Biswas Debabrata , Rudra Rashbihari
Published: August 2018

A finite-size uniform random distribution of vertically aligned field emitters on a planar surface is studied under the assumption that the asymptotic field is uniform and parallel to the emitter axis. A formula for field enhancement factor is first derived for a 2-emitter system and this is then generalized for N-emitters placed arbitrarily (line, array, or random). It is found that geometric effects dominate the shielding of field lines. The distribution of field enhancement factor for a uniform random distribution of emitter locations is found to be closely approximated by an extreme value (Gumbel-minimum) distribution when the mean separation is greater than the emitter height but is better approximated by a Gaussian for mean separations close to the emitter height. It is shown that these distributions can be used to accurately predict the current emitted from a large area field emitter.
A nonlinear interface integrated lever mechanism for piezoelectric footstep energy harvesting
Authors: Hua Rui , Liu Haili , Yang Haocheng , Wang Ya , Ferrante Jack
Published: August 2018

Harnessing footstep energy allows for a unique method of power generation from a largely untapped resource, with applications such as instantly charging mobile and wearable electronic devices. This letter presents an easily integrated heel charger to efficiently convert kinematic walking energy into electricity. The heel charger uses a multilayered levered piezoelectric (L-Pie) mechanism associated with a nonlinear mechanical-synchronized switching on inductor circuit (M-SSHI) interface. It tactfully switches on when the foot contacts the ground, and switches off when the foot is lifted. This design takes full advantage of the user's weight, and amplifies footstep displacement by utilizing the lever mechanism to gain maximum deformation of multilayer piezoelectric patches. The experimental results show that the fabricated two-level multilayer L-pie has a top performance of 13.60 mW of AC RMS, a mechanical to AC power conversion efficiency of 7.87%, and a DC RMS power of 6.13 mW, an AC to DC power conversion efficiency of 45.07%, under a harmonic excitation of 2.3 Hz (mimicking fast walking speed: 6.2 km/h for men, 5.55 km/h for women). With an optimal load of 210 kΩ, the two-level L-pie using the M-SSHI has an improvement of 206.45% in DC RMS power compared to a standard 4-diode bridge energy harvesting circuit. The L-pie design works more efficiently under large force excitation, even with small displacement, which makes this technology optimal for footstep energy harvesting.
Electron spin resonance in a 2D system at a GaN/AlGaN heterojunction
Authors: Shchepetilnikov A. V. , Frolov D. D. , Solovyev V. V. , Nefyodov Yu. A. , Großer A. , Mikolajick T. , Schmult S. , Kukushkin I. V.
Published: August 2018

Spin resonance of a two-dimensional electron system confined in a GaN/AlGaN heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy was resistively detected over a wide range of magnetic field and microwave frequency. Although the spin-orbit interaction is strong in this type of heterostructure at zero magnetic field, surprisingly the width of the detected spin resonance line was very narrow—down to 6.5 mT at 13.3 T. The spin depolarization time extracted from the resonance linewidth was estimated to be 2 ns. The electron g-factor was measured with high accuracy, resembling a value close to the free-electron value and its dependence on the magnetic field was studied.
Substrate-induced shifts and screening in the fluorescence spectra of supramolecular adsorbed organic monolayers
Authors: Kerfoot James , Korolkov Vladimir V. , Nizovtsev Anton S. , Jones Ryan , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Lesanovsky Igor , Olmos Beatriz , Besley Nicholas A. , Besley Elena , Beton Peter H.
Published: August 2018

We have investigated the influence of the substrate on the fluorescence of adsorbed organic molecules. Monolayer films of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4,9,10-diimide (PTCDI), a supramolecular network formed from PTCDI and melamine, and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4,9,10-dianhydride have been deposited on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The principal peaks in the fluorescence spectra of these films were red-shifted by up to 0.37 eV relative to published measurements for molecules in helium droplets. Smaller shifts (∼0.03 eV) arising from interactions between neighbouring molecules are investigated by comparing the fluorescence of distinct arrangements of PTCDI, which are templated by supramolecular self-assembly and determined with molecular resolution using atomic force microscopy under ambient conditions. We compare our experimental results with red-shifts calculated using a combination of a perturbative model and density functional theory which account for, respectively, resonant and non-resonant effects of a dielectric hBN substrate. We show that the substrate gives rise to a red-shift in the fluorescence of an adsorbed molecule and also screens the interactions between neighbouring transition dipole moments; both these effects depend on the refractive index of the substrate.
Switching microwave dielectric resonators from a high-Q on state to an off state using low-field electron paramagnetic resonance transitions
Authors: Gonzales Justin , Zhang Chen , Gajare Siddhesh G. , Newman N.
Published: August 2018

We show that the application of a small (<75 G) magnetic field can be used to switch a low-loss microwave dielectric to a high-loss material. This enables high performing microwave dielectric resonators and filters to be switched between a high-Q on state and a low-Q off state electronically. In this study, the absorption mechanism inducing the low Q state is from electron paramagnetic resonant transitions of an Fe3+ state in a host Al2O3 dielectric. Our modeling efforts show that it is possible to further optimize the performance of these switchable devices through a material selection process, which will entail the choice of host lattice and the J > ½ impurity and its concentration.
A simple closure procedure for the study of velocity autocorrelation functions in fluids as a “bridge” between different theoretical approaches
Authors: Ignatyuk V. V. , Mryglod I. M. , Bryk T.
Published: August 2018

Velocity autocorrelation functions (VAFs) of the fluids are studied on short- and long-time scales within a unified approach. This approach is based on an effective summation of the infinite continued fraction at a reasonable assumption about convergence of relaxation times of the high order memory functions, which have a purely kinetic origin. The VAFs obtained within our method are compared with computer simulation data for the liquid Ne at different densities and the results, which follow from the Markovian approximation for the highest order kinetic kernels. It is shown that in all the thermodynamic points and at the chosen level of the hierarchy, our results agree much better with the molecular dynamic data than those of the Markovian approximation. The density dependence of the transition time, needed for the fluid to attain the hydrodynamic stage of evolution, is evaluated. The common and distinctive features of our method are discussed in their relations to the generalized collective mode theory, the mode coupling theory, and some other theoretical approaches.