bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АДАПТИВНЫЙ МЕТОД РЕДУКЦИИ РАЗМЕЧЕННЫХ ВЫБОРОК ДАННЫХ ДЛЯ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Каврин Д. А. , Субботин С. А.
Published: November 2018

Решена актуальная задача редукции размеченных выборок данных большого размера путем извлечения подвыборок меньшего размера для построения диагностических и распознающих моделей по прецедентам. Предложен детерминированный метод редукции размеченных выборок, который использует информацию о классах для извлечения репрезентативных выборок небольшого размера. Предложенный метод последовательно разбивает исходную выборку на гиперсферы, радиусы которых определяются расстояниями до ближайших экземпляров противоположного класса. Из центров полученных гиперсфер формируется подвыборка меньшего размера. Благодаря адаптивности радиуса каждой гиперсферы к расстоянию до ближайшего экземпляра противоположного класса в редуцированной выборке сохраняется большинство наиболее важных экземпляров, которые находятся вблизи границ классов. Это позволяет извлекать репрезентативные выборки с хорошо определенными межклассовыми границами. Метод базируется на гипотезе о компактности классов, поэтому объем сокращенной выборки сильно зависит от степени разделимости классов. Например, если классы компактны, объем редуцированной выборки может быть слишком малым с плохо определенными границами классов. Для решения данной проблемы, предлагается регулировать объем извлекаемой выборки, изменяя радиусы гиперсфер с помощью долевого коэффициента. Таким образом, можно более точно определять границы классов, повышая репрезентативность редуцированных выборок. Для обработки очень больших исходных выборок, когда объем данных не позволяет загрузить их полностью в память ЭВМ, либо данные поступают динамически, предложенный метод позволяет обрабатывать исходную выборку пакетами заданного объема. Разработано программное обеспечение, реализующее предложенный метод, которое позволяет проводить вычислительные эксперименты по исследованию его свойств, при решении задач редукции размеченных выборок данных большого размера.
Predictor value of the inflammation biomarkers regarding the post-infarction remodeling of myocardium
Authors: Ivanov M. V. , Popovich M. I. , Cheban L. M. , Popovich I. M. , Ivanov V. M. , Kobets V. A.
Published: November 2018

Aim.To study the trait of the changes of circulating level of pro- and antiinflammatory biomarkers as well as metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in the first 7 days after revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) for assessment of their prognostic value regarding post-infarction remodeling pattern.

Material and methods.In 113 patients with STEMI which developed in 5 months after angioplasty adaptive myocardium remodeling (AMR) (n=56) or pathological myocardium remodeling (PMR) (n=57), determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method daily serum concentration of pro-inflammatory ((high sensitive C reactive protein, interleukins (IL) 1, 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1)), anti-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-4, IL-10, IL-33, IL-1 receptor antagonist and heregulin-1beta) аs well as ММР-8 in the first 7 days after myocardium revascularization. According to clinic-demographic indices both groups were comparable. Obtained data have been compared with results of 20 healthy persons (control group).

Results.The dynamics of pro-inflammatory biomarkers did not differ in patients with AMR and PMR after revascularization. It was characterized by a significant biomarker increase at 3-rd day followed by a decline toward 7-th day up to initial level. Among anti-inflammatory biomarkers IL-4 and IL-10 have manifested by a distinct dynamic in concern to myocardial remodeling pattern. In both groups these interleukins decreased after angioplasty, reaching a minimal level at 3-rd day. However, in patients with AMR since 4-th day has been established an increase of serum content of IL-4 and IL-10, their increment being at 7-th day in a range of 52-55% (p<0,05). In patients with PMR the interleukins rise was negligible: 5,7-5,8%. MMP-8 dynamics also has been different in groups and was correlated with dynamics of IL-4 and IL-10. Thus, in patients with AMR its level has fallen since 4-th day up to 7-th day by 46,6%, while in group with PMR metalloproteinase level in this period practically did not change, remaining significantly higher than control by 45-53%.

Conclusion.In our study the serum content of main pro-inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-ɑ) didn’t differ in the first 7 days after revascularization in patients with adaptive and pathological postinfarction remodeling of myocardium, and thus don’t have predictive value concerning the remodeling pattern. Among anti-inflammatory cytokines dynamics of IL-4 and IL-10 differed in dependence on remodeling pattern. Their significant elevation by 52-55% from 4th up to 7th day after angioplasty was established in patients with adaptive myocardium remodeling, while in PMR their level didn’t change during this period that can emphasize their prognostic value. The character of MMP-8 change is pathogenetically correlated with dynamics of IL-4 and IL-10.
Predictive markers of atrial fibrillation in patients after acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction (the results of observational program “FAKEL”)
Authors: Zolotovskaya I. A. , Davydkin I. I. , Duplyakov D. V. , Kokorin V. A.
Published: November 2018

Aim. To assess probability of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients after ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) with undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Material and methods. Prospective study in the period from December 2015 to November 2017 was carried out with consecutive inclusion of 107 patients at outpatient follow-up stage after STEMI who have undergone primary PCI. The mean age of patients was 69,5+7,8 years (40 (37,4%) women). Follow-up period was 18 months and included three visits (V): V1 — when included in the study, V2 — after 12 months, and V3 — after 18 months. The endpoints of the study were cases of first diagnosed AF, cardioembolic stroke and death. At all visits predictive markers (Willebrand factor, Cystatin C, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), galectin-3) in the blood plasma were determined.

Results. After 18 months of follow-up period in 19 (17,8%) patients were diagnosed AF, 5 of them (4,7%) had cardioembolic stroke, and 3 patients died. Median time of AF development from the onset of STEMI was 308 days. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for first diagnosed AF were NT-proBNP — relative risk (RR): 1,05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0,99-1,10 (p=0,038), cystatin C — RR: 1,44; 95% CI: 0,98-2,12 (p=0,043), galectin-3 — RR: 1,20; 95% CI: 1,03-1,40 (p=0,022).

Conclusion. There was a highly significant relationship between NT-proBNP of ≥400,0 pg/mL, cystatin С of ≥1,45 ng/mL and galectin-3 of ≥25 mg/mL in patients after STEMI who underwent primary PCI. These markers might serve as predictors of first diagnosed AF. Identification of these biomarkers may have potential therapeutic benefit in improving the prognosis of patients after STEMI who have undergone primary PCI and reduce mortality from cardioembolic stroke.
Analysis of inflammatory marker levels in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Popov E. A. , Polunina E. A. , Voronina L. P. , Polunina O. S. , Belyakova I. S.
Published: November 2018

Aim.To analyze the levels of fractalkine, neopterin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) depending on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stage of the disease.

Material and methods.We examined 340 people (280 patients with CHF) divided into groups depending on LVEF and stage of the disease (stage I-III). The control group consisted of 60 somatically healthy individuals. Levels of neopterin, fractalkine and CRP were indicated with the use of enzymoimmunoassay.

Results.Compared with the control group, patients with CHF, regardless of LVEF and the stage of the disease, had hyperproduction of neopterin, fractalkine and CRP. We indicated correlations between the level of neopterin, fractalkine, CRP and Rating Scale of Clinical State (RSCS) scores, as well as with the results of 6-minute walk distance. Compared with patients with CHF IIA, patients with CHF IIB-III and preserved LVEF, had a decrease in levels of fractalkine, neopterin and CRP.

Conclusion.Changes in levels of neopterin, fractalkine and CRP were detected in patients with CHF and preserved and reduced LVEF. More significant tendency to hyperproduction was noted in patients with reduced LVEF in the group of patients with CHF IIB-III.
Cardiovascular risk profile in patients with arterial hypertension who first seek medical attention
Authors: Nebieridze D. V. , Kamyshova T. V. , Sarycheva A. A. , Safaryan A. S.
Published: November 2018

Aim.Objective assessment of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), who first contact with primary care setting.

Material and methods. 300 patients (age 40-65 years) with sustained increase in arterial pressure and first seek medical attention were included in the study. All patients underwent medical examination, history taking to identify risk factors, blood pressure measurement and anthropometric research, biochemical blood assay to estimate levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, glucose. Based on the specified parameters, the risk was determined by SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation). After the risk assessment, all patients underwent an echo-cardiography, duplex ultrasonography screening of the brachiocephalic arteries and determination of microalbuminuria to detect target organ damage. According to results of a complex survey, the risk was reclassified based on the presence of target organ damage.

Results.The study showed that patients with sustained AH who first seek medical attention have a large number of risk factors and their combinations, among which the most common are dyslipidemia (89,3%), smoking (37,7%) and obesity (28,3%). Patients with AH who first seek medical attention without clinical signs of atherosclerosis often have various disorders of target organs, such as left ventricular hypertrophy — 67,3%, thickening of carotid intima-media complex — 46,3%, atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries — 34,7%, microalbuminuria — 25,3%, as well as different combinations thereof. After a complex examination, the CVR profile of patients changes increases. According to SCORE 60% of patients with low and mean risk is reclassified to high risk.

Conclusion.One of the most important tasks of health care system in Russia is to increase the efficiency of the CVR stratification systems, as well as to develop a new standards of examination of patients with AH on an outpatient stage, in order to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Human and Machine Cultures of Reading: A Cognitive-Assemblage Approach
Authors: Hayles N. Katherine
Published: November 2018

The concept “cultures of reading” should be expanded to include machines that read. Machine reading is exemplified by the computer system called Never-Ending Language Learning (NELL). Because NELL lacks real-world experience, its semantic comprehension is limited to forming categories of words. This process illustrates a major difference between human and machine reading: whereas human reading involves causal reasoning, machine reading relies more on correlations. Human-machine hybrid reading, for example the kind done with an e-book, can be understood as a cognitive assemblage through which information, interpretations, and meanings circulate. The introduction of mechanical cognition into printing can be seen in the Paige Compositor, from 1878. The transition from electromechanical cognition to more flexible digital and electronic computational media marks the movement from print, understood as a technology involving the arrangement of type pieces to impress ink on paper, to postprint, in which inked products originate as computer files. This change, which signals an ontological rupture in writing and reading practices, is addressed through a cognitive-assemblage approach emphasizing the distribution of cognition among technical and human actors.
Revisiting Broms and Bennermarks’ original stability number for tunnel headings
Authors: Shiau J. , Al-Asadi F.
Published: November 2018

For undrained clay without volume loss during plastic shearing, stability results are independent of loading directions, and the combination of surcharge, self-weight and internal supporting pressures can produce failure either in collapse or blowout in tunnel stability problems. This paper investigates the use of Broms and Bennermark's original stability number for tunnel heading problems. The shear strength reduction method is used to obtain rigorous upper- and lower-bound factors of safety (FoS) for the models under different combinations of pressures. The FoS results, which are functions of the stability number and depth ratio, are compared and validated by using the finite-difference method as well as other existing solutions available in the literature. The dimensionless ratios employed in this study make the design charts suitable to cover a broad range of tunnel geometries and soil parameters. The charts can also be used to provide an estimation of internal tunnelling pressures, making them useful for designers and practising engineers.
Возрастные особенности выполнения теста «корректурная проба» в норме и при болезни Паркинсона
Authors: Литвинова Александра Сергеевна , Богданов Ринат Равилевич
Published: November 2018

Целью работы являлось выявление возрастных особенностей выполнения глазодвигательной задачи с помощью теста «Корректурная проба» и при предъявлении изображений разного уровня сложности. В исследовании приняли участие здоровые люди в возрасте от 14 до 75 лет и пациенты с ранними стадиями болезни Паркинсона (БП) в возрасте от 42 до 75 лет. Время выполнения теста «Корректурная проба» у здоровых добровольцев с возрастом меняется мало, у пациентов с БП отмечена тенденция дольше выполнять тест. Количество ошибок при выполнении теста здоровыми добровольцами в большей степени зависит от возраста, а пациенты при поиске нужной буквы совершают столько же ошибок, сколько и здоровые люди той же возрастной группы. Успешность выполнения задания при просмотре изображений разного уровня сложности зависит от возраста добровольцев и ухудшается при БП. При этом и здоровые участники исследования старшего возраста, и пациенты улучшают свой результат при рассматривании более сложного изображения. Таким образом, выявлено, что в условиях сложной зрительной среды моторная функция в меньшей степени подвержена возрастным изменениям, в то же время способность концентрировать внимание имеет несколько этапов развития. У пациентов с БП, несмотря на гипокинезию и глазодвигательные нарушения, когнитивный компонент при выполнении задачи зрительного поиска не страдает. Результаты работы могут внести вклад в диагностику ранней деменции или когнитивных нарушений легкой степени у людей старшего возраста, а также синдрома дефицита внимания в юношеском возрасте.
Композиционная теория эмоций: к пониманию моральных эмоций и любви
Authors: Бреслав Гершон Моисеевич
Published: November 2018

В современной психологии эмоций представляется актуальным не только сбор и анализ конкретных эмпирических данных, но и попытки их теоретического осмыcления, которыми изобиловала психология ХХ в. Хотя ни одна из теорий не объясняет всего обилия накопленных фактов, это не означает, что их создание оказалось бесполезным для понимания богатства эмоциональной жизни человека. Одна из попыток интеграции этих теорий была представлена в композиционной теории эмоций (Бреслав, 1976, 1977а, 1984). В данной работе эта теория впервые используется для объяснения моральных эмоций стыда и вины, а также для понимания механизма становления и неустойчивости  партнерской любви. Предложена схема основных элементов композиции стыда и вины, которая позволяет более ясно увидеть сходство и различие этих эмоций. В частности, к сходным элементам относится наличие проступка в их предметном содержании и понимание его негативной оценки другими людьми. Однако, если в случае стыда главным агентом стимуляции оказывается очевидец проступка, то в случае вины – жертва. Если в первом случае фокусом оценки является личность агента проступка, то во втором – сам проступок и его последствия для жертвы проступка. Если переживания стыда направляют человека, прежде всего, на защиту своего Я, то вина – на возмещение ущерба жертве. Проведенный композиционный анализ позволяет лучше понять условия позитивного и негативного развития чувства любви. Так, рассматривается встраивание этого чувства в наличную систему отношений, потребностей и привычек личности влюбленного. На определенном этапе оно может занимать центральное, доминирующее положение в иерархии отношений личности. Однако процесс этот чреват многочисленными нестыковками и конфликтами, которые могут препятствовать достижению любовью ведущего положения в иерархии отношений личности. Неудача в этом процессе приводит к постепенному ослаблению этого чувства и трансформации валентности предмета любви. В свою очередь, сохранение этого чувства требует ежедневных усилий со стороны любящих.
Интеллект якутов и этнических русских в Якутии
Authors: Шибаев Владимир  Сергеевич , Линн Ричард
Published: November 2018

В данной статье сообщается об исследовании интеллекта якутов и этнических русских в Якутии. Тестировались выборки из Якутска, столицы Якутии, в которой проживает почти треть населения региона, и из Вилюйска, города с населением примерно 10 600 человек, расположенного в 592 км к северо-западу от Якутска. Выборка из Якутска состояла из 52 этнических русских и 128 этнических якутов, учащихся типичных средних школ. Средний возраст в данной выборке был 12 лет. Выборка из Вилюйска состояла из 7 этнических русских и 236 этнических якутов, учащихся типичных средних школ. Средний возраст в данной выборке был 12,7 года. Выборки тестировались в ноябре 2015 г. с помощью Стандартных прогрессивных матриц плюс Равена. Тестирование проводилось первым автором, с временным ограничением в 1 час. IQ респондентов оценивался относительно норм британской стандартизации 2008 г. Основные результаты состояли в следующем. Во-первых, среднее взвешенное значение IQ двух выборок русских относительно британских норм составило 101,7. Однако, так как обе выборки были из городов, действительный IQ русских в Якутии будет, вероятно, примерно на 3-5 баллов IQ ниже этого значения. Во-вторых, IQ якутов был на 1,8 IQ балла ниже, чем у русских, но эта разница незначима (t = 0,76). Результаты, таким образом, говорят о том, что якуты и русские в Якутии имеют примерно одинаковый IQ.
Possible Prognostic Function of MALAT-1 in Cancer Patients v1
Authors: Wang Chengdi , Cheng Junxin , Ji Xiao , Li Ya , Zhang Wen , Yan Yushun , Wei Linfei , Huang Keer , He Xiaomin , Sui Hao , Li Weimin
Published: November 2018

Background: With incidence of all types of cancers on the rise, cancer is now the leading cause of death worldwide. Althoughprevious studies have stressed the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in the prognostic efficacy of cancer, onset and development, the relationship is still unclear for the survival analyses of most studies were multivariate. Method: A meta-analysis was implemented aiming to explore whether LncRNA, Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1), can work as a promising biomarker for prognosis in human cancers. Eligible articles were collected from multiple online databases (PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Web of Science and Scholar Google) and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the expression levels of MALAT-1 and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS) and clinicopathological parameters which may have an impact on the pooled results. A total of 1389 patients from 13 studies, the survival analyses of which were all univariate, were included in our meta-analysis Result: The results of our meta-analysis indicated that overexpression of MALAT-1 was significantly correlated with worse OS in cancer patients (HR = 1.941, 95% CI: 1.168-2.715, P<0.001) as well as worse DFS (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.34-3.06, P < 0.001) and worse RFS (HR=1.90, 95% CI: 0.68-3.13, P < 0.001) in cancer patients in general. Due to heterogeneity may present in the overall results, subgroup analyses based on cancer type, cut-off value, patient size and median age were also performed in our study. In subgroups analysis, we found that the HR of group urinary system(HR = 3.120, 95% CI: 1.566-4.674, P < 0.001) and group median age < 55(HR = 3.007, 95% CI: 1.846-4.169, P < 0.001) is particularly high compared with group OS (overall data). Conclusion: Tosum up, our meta-analysis results implied that increased expression level of MALAT-1 was positively associated with unfavorable prognostic results in many types of cancer patients. Besides, younger patients and patients with urinary tumors appear to be of poorer prognosis.
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Authors: Franke Jappe
Published: November 2018

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Complications of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Gurram Maliikarjuna , G. Ravichander , Jahagidar Ravi , Reddy Vinay
Published: November 2018

Background: Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. With the advent of improved surgical techniques and postoperative management, the complications and mortality rates have reduced. The present study was done to analyse the perioperative, early and late compilations following radical cystectomy for bladder tumor.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder tumor from February 2016 to November 2017. Radical cystectomy was done through midline transperitoneal approach.  Urinary diversion was done by ileal conduit. All patients were followed at 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month, and at 1 year.Results: Total 21 patients underwent radical cystectomy, 17(80.95%) were males and 4 (19.04%) females. The median age was 60 years, ranging from 40 to 73 years. The   most common age group was 60 to 75 years (52.3%). Thirteen (61.9%) patients were smokers and all were males. Painless haematuria alone was most common presentation (of bladder tumor) seen in 15 (71.4%) patients. Early complications were seen in 8 (38.09%) patients, most common early complication was urinary leak 2 (9.5%) patents, other early complications were bowel leak, wound dehiscence, pelvic collection, burst abdomen, prolonged ileus, subacute intestinal obstruction, acute kidney injury and sepsis seen in one (4.25%) patient each. Late complications were seen in 4 (19.04%) patients.  Pelvic recurrence was the most common late complication seen in 2 (9.55%) patients. Ureteric stricture was seen in one patient (4.75%) for which percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade DJ stenting was done. Among the histopathological variants of tumor 20 (95.25%) patients had high grade variants and only one (4.75%) had low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Among the high grade variants most common pathology was urothelial carcinoma in 17 (80.9%) patients.Conclusions: Radical cystectomy remains the main stay of treatment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This is relatively safe procedure with minimal morbidity and mortality.
O desafio da profissão de professor no Brasil: análise avaliativa da linguagem em um artigo de opinião
Authors: Schmidt Ana Paula Carvalho , Cecchin Anidene Siqueira , Chagas Nédilã Espindola , Cabral Sara Regina Scotta
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da avaliação na linguagem de um artigo de opinião acerca do desafio de ser professor no Brasil, veiculado na mídia em novembro de 2017, a fim de promover uma discussão reflexiva sobre o assunto.  Para isso, recorremos ao sistema de avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005). Primeiramente, realizamos a análise contextual do artigo de opinião, tomando por base as variáveis de registro (campo, relações e modo) do texto e identificamos quais tipos de avaliações são a partir das escolhas linguísticas do autor. A seguir,  descrevemos os resultados de nossa análise a partir das avaliações de atitude (apreciação e julgamento de capacidade) e gradação (intensificação e quantificação), mostradas no texto em relação à profissão docente. Os resultados evidenciaram uma organização do texto conduzida por questionamentos, o uso de apreciações e de julgamento de estima social para, respectivamente, a qualificação e a avaliação do professor, bem como o uso de gradações de intensificação para reforçar a opinião do autor.
AGROECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND VERMICOMPOST IN AGROCENOSES OF CULTIVATED OAT
Authors: Khabarova Tatyana V. , Vinogradov Dmitriy V. , Kochurov Boris I. , Levin Viktor I. , Byshov Nikolay V.
Published: November 2018

Aim. The article suggests research on biotransformation of sewage sludge from treatment facilities in the city of Ryazan into organomineral fertilizer. An ecological analysis of the efficiency of fertilizer use in oat cultivation is proposed. Methods. Determination of growth and development indices of plants, structure of the oats crop of the Skakun variety, agrochemical indices of the soil. Results. Analyzed the effect of sewage sludge and vermicomposts, which are the basis for the cultivation of oats (Avena sativa) on organic soils (peat-mineral soil) which forms favorable conditions for the development of plants and the formation of high productivity of the crop, ensuring the production of ecologically safe grain products. Conclusion. The effect of the dehydrated sewage sludge and vermicomposts from the biological treatment plant in the city of Ryazan on the productivity of the Skakun oat has been revealed. The use of sewage sludge and vermicomposts is marked by an increase in the elements of the crop structure of the grain crop, as a consequence, by an increase in the bioproductivity of the phytocenosis, which indicates the advisability of using sewage sludge as a fertilizer.
MIGRATION OF MANGANESE, ZINC, COPPER AND MOLYBDEN IN LANDSCAPE-GEOCHEMICAL CATENA OF THE LOWER DNESTER VALLEY
Authors: Kapitalchuk Ivan P. , Sheshnitsan Tatiana L. , Sheshnitsan Sergey S. , Kapitalchuk Marina V.
Published: November 2018

Aim. The aim is to study the features of lateral and radial differentiation, as well as biological absorption of Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo in landscape-geochemical catena of the Lower Dniester valley. Methods. Sampling and sample preparation were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Determination of the metal content in soils, soil extracts (acetate-ammonium buffer with pH = 4.8) and plants was carried out in accredited laboratories using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. The differentiation of the total and mobile forms of the four indicator elements (Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo) in soils and plants in conditions of the steppe region of the lower Dniester valley was studied for the first time. Their lateral and radial differentiation in soils and the variability of the content and intensity of biological absorption by plants in different landscape-geochemical conditions are shown. Conclusions. It was found that preferentially, Mn weakly differentiates in soils on different relief elements, and Zn and Mo accumulate mainly in subordinate landscapes. For these three metals, the poor differentiation of the content in plants growing in different landscape-geochemical conditions is more typical, although the biological absorption of Zn appreciably increases in subordinate landscapes. Cu weakly migrates in the landscape and the content of its mobile forms is often higher in soils on terraces and watersheds and therefore its biological absorption is more active on slopes and in relief depressions.
Selahaddin Eyyubî Zamanında Nusaybin
Authors: GÜNEŞ Hüseyin
Published: November 2018

Nusaybin,
Anadolu’nun en kadim şehirlerinden biri olup Asurlulardan günümüze kadar birçok
medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış ve çok sayıda olaya sahne olmuştur. Selahaddin Eyyubî
zamanında Nusaybin’den geçen İbn Cübeyr, bölge hakkında olumsuz bir tablo çizmiştir.
Söz konusu seyahatten bir sene sonra Türkmenlerle Kürtler arasında baş gösteren
kanlı çatışmalar bölgenin hassas bir dönemden geçtiğini göstermektedir. Bu
çalışmada Nusaybin şehrinin o dönemdeki coğrafi ve idari yapısının yanı sıra
Selahaddin Eyyubî’nin Zengî hanedanına karşı başlattığı iktidar mücadelesinin
bölgeye yansımaları ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca etnik ve dinî hareketler ile kıtlık
ve depremler gibi hem siyasî hem de ekonomik olarak toplumu geren hadiseler
mercek altına alınacaktır. Böylece söz konusu dönemde Nusaybin ve çevresinin
siyasî, sosyal ve kültürel yapısına ışık tutulacaktır.
TRAUMATIC CHANGE: THE DYNAMICS OF CHARACTER AND CHRONOTOPE WHEN BAKHTIN’S ‘OTHER’ IS HARMFUL
Authors: Tang Lorinda
Published: November 2018

Bakhtin’s world is predicated on the identity forming paradigm of self and other in dialogue. This dialogue occurs within the chronotope—the time-space—unique to the self. Yet this world does not consider the impact of trauma on the self, nor the way in which traumatic change shifts identity, and informs the relationships between self-chronotope and self-other. Reading concepts of literary trauma theory into Bakhtin’s world enables writers to create resonant characters that meaningfully depict the lived experience of trauma.
Interpretation of Fracturing Pressures
Authors: Nolte Kenneth G. , Smith Michael B.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a basis for interpreting fracture treating pressures which permits identification of periods of confined-height extension, uncontrolled height growth, and more importantly, a critical pressure. When a treatment reaches the critical pressure, fracture extension is significantly reduced, and a pressure (or screen-out) condition or undesired fracture height can follow. Example applications for data from five treatments are presented along with potential explanations for, and implications of, the critical pressure.

INTRODUCTION

This paper will be limited to the discussion of hydraulically created fractures that are in the vertical plane. In addition, if these fractures are desired to be deeply penetrating, they must have confined or limited height growth.

There are two fundamentally different concepts for the propagation of a constant-height vertical-fracture which lead to very different results. One concept1 is that the fracture width is constant across the height of the fracture. This requires the assumption that the formation bed being fractured is independent of the beds above and below - that is, the beds can slip freely of one another at their boundaries. This assumption leads to the conclusion that the fluid pressure required to extend the fracture decreases with time.

The other concept, presented by Perkins and Kern, 2 assumes that there is no, or negligible, slip of boundaries along the horizontal planes which confine the fracture height. This assumption leads to the conclusion that the fluid pressure required to extend the fracture increases with time.
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN SPOR ALANINDA DÜZENLEME YAPMA YETKİSİNİN KAPSAMI VE SINIRLARI
Authors: CANDAN Tolga
Published: November 2018

1
Aralık 2009 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren Lizbon Antlaşması ile Avrupa Birliği’nin
gerek kurumsal yapısında, gerekse de işleyişine dair alanlarda önemli
değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Bu değişiklikler içerisinde, Avrupa Birliğinde (AB)
ilk defa kurucu antlaşmalarda spor alanında özel bir düzenlemeye yer verilmesi
dikkat çekmektedir. Bu kapsamda, Avrupa Birliğinin İşleyişi Hakkındaki
Antlaşma’nın (ABİHA) 165. maddesi uyarınca, AB'ye üye devletlere ait spor
politikalarının desteklenmesi ve koordinasyonu yetkisi verilmiştir. Geçmişte
Kurucu Antlaşmalarda açıkça bu alanda Avrupa Birliği’nin düzenleme yapma
yetkisi bulunmasa da, Avrupa Komisyonu’nun spor alanında bazı düzenleme ve
faaliyetlerde bulunduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı’nın
(ABAD) bu alana ilişkin verdiği önemli kararlar bulunmaktadır. Getirilen bu
yeni düzenlemeyle birlikte “spor” artık Avrupa Birliği’nin yetkili olduğu
alanlardan birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu yeni ve açık yetkinin varlığı, AB’nin
spor alanındaki eylem ve faaliyetlerinin artması için yeni olanaklar sağlaması
beklentisini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Lizbon Antlaşması ile
Avrupa Birliği’ne spor alanında verilen yetkilerin kapsamı, sınırı ve Avrupa
Birliği Spor Politikası açısından muhtemel sonuçları ele alınacaktır.
Clostridium perfringens – epidemiological importance and diagnostics
Authors: KOZIEŁ NINA , KUKIER ELŻBIETA , KWIATEK KRZYSZTOF
Published: November 2018

Clostridium perfringens is one of the most widespread anaerobic spore forming bacteria found in the environment. The toxotype A of the species inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of birds and mammals exhibiting pathogenic properties in the immunocompromised host. The virulence determinants of C. perfringens are toxins and extracellular enzymes which cause gas gangrene, enteritis necroticans, food poisoning, and non-food borne gastrointestinal infections in humans. The young animals suffer from enterotoxaemia, dysentery and necrotic enteritis due to the anaerobic spore forming bacilli. This article reviews the epidemiological significance of C. perfringens and its disease diagnostics, taking into account all known to date virulence determinants of the microorganism.
Bioelectricity generation from air-cathode microbial fuel cell connected to constructed wetland
Authors: Yan Dengming , Song Xinshan , Weng Baisha , Yu Zhilei , Bi Wuxia , Wang Junfeng
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the different performance of bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment between constructed wetland (CW) respectively coupled with air-cathode microbial fuel cell (ACMFC) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) under a fed-batch mode. During a 75-day-operation, the voltage of CW-ACMFC and CW-MFC ranged from 0.36 to 0.52 V and from −0.04 to 0.07 V, indicating that the bioenergy output of CW-ACMFC was significantly higher than that of CW-MFC system. In addition, the maximum of power density of CW-ACMFC and CW-MFC was 4.21 and 0.005 mW m−2. Notably, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N removal efficiency of CW-ACMFC was slightly higher than that in CW-MFC, which resulted from a higher voltage accelerating the transport of electron donors and the growth of microorganisms and plants. This study possesses a probability of using ACMFC coupled with CW to enhance the pollutant removal performance in CW system.
Functional Improvement of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Through Intrinsic Interleukin-15Rα Signaling
Authors: Nair Sushmita , Wang Jing-Bo , Tsao Shih-Ting , Liu Yuchen , Zhu Wei , Slayton William B. , Moreb Jan S. , Dong Lujia , Chang Lung-Ji
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Recent studies on CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified
T cells (CARTs) have demonstrated unprecedented successes in treating refractory and relapsed B cell
malignancies. The key to the latest CART therapy advances can be attributed to the improved
costimulatory signals in the CAR design.

Methods: Here, we established several novel CARs by incorporating T cell signaling domains of
CD28 in conjunction with intracellular signaling motif of 4-1BB, CD27, OX40, ICOS, and IL-15Rα.
These novel CARs were functionally assessed based on a simple target cell killing assay.

Results: The results showed that the CD28/IL-15Rα co-signaling (153z) CAR demonstrated the fastest
T cell expansion potential and cytotoxic activities. IL-15 is a key cytokine that mediates immune
effector activities. The 153z CARTs maintained prolonged killing activities after repetitive rounds of
target cell engagement. Consistent with the enhanced target killing function, the 153z CARTs produced
increased amount of effector cytokines including IFN-γ, TNFα and IL-2 upon interaction with
the target cells.

Conclusion: In a follow-up clinical study, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient, who experienced
multiple relapses of central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) and failed all conventional
therapies, was enrolled to receive the CD19-specific 153z CART treatment. The patient achieved
complete remission after the 153z CART cell infusion. The translational outcome supports further investigation
into the safety and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the IL-15Rα-modified CART cells in
cancer patients.
Proteome Mining for the Identification of Putative Drug Targets For Human Pathogen Clostridium Tetani
Authors: Munir Anum , Malik Shaukat Iqbal , Malik Khalid Akhtar
Published: November 2018

Background:

Clostridium tetani are rod-like, anaerobic types of pathogenic bacteria of
the genus Clostridium. It is Gram-positive in nature and appears as a tennis racket or drumsticks
on staining with the dye. Tetanus is a neuromuscular disease wherein the Clostridium tetani
exotoxin produces muscle fits in the host. Tetanus is the second leading cause of worldwide deaths
occurring from the family of immunization-preventable diseases.

Methods:

In this research, subtractive proteome analysis of C. tetani was performed to identify
putative drug targets. The proteins were subjected to blast analysis against Homo sapiens to
exclude homologous proteins. The database of Essential Genes was used to determine the essential
proteins of the pathogen. These basic proteins were additionally analyzed to anticipate the
corresponding metabolic pathways.

Results:

Cellular localization analysis was carried out to determine the possibility of the protein
presence in the outer membrane. The study has recognized 29 essential genes and 20 unique
pathways of 2314 proteins as potential drug targets. There are 29 essential proteins, out of which, 3
membrane proteins were also identified as putative drug targets.

Conclusion:

Virtual screening in contrast to these proteins can be valuable in the identification of
novel clinical compounds for the C. tetani infections in Homo sapiens.
Can Combined Therapy Benefit Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: Zhongqi Fan , Xiaodong Sun , Yuguo Chen , Guoyue Lv
Published: November 2018

Background:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rate. The effects of most therapies are limited. The Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) improves the prognosis in multiple malignancies. The application of immune checkpoint blockade to hepatocellular carcinoma patients has recently started. Early phase clinical trials have shown some benefits to cancer patients.

Methods/Results:

This review focuses on the immune system of liver and clinical trials of ICB. In particular, we analyze the mechanisms by which immune checkpoint blockade therapies can be used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, then examine the factors in cancer resistance to the therapies and finally suggest possible combination therapies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Conclusion:

ICB is a promising therapy for advanced HCC patients. Combined therapy exhibits a great potential to enhance ICB response in these patients. The better understanding of the factors influencing the sensitivity of ICB and more clinical trials will consolidate the efficiency and minimize the adverse effects of ICB.
Vedic Arithmetic Based High Speed & Less Area MAC Unit for Computing Devices
Authors: Jayakumar Selvakumar , Rajalingam Prithiviraj , Patan Rizwan , Ramachandran Manikandan
Published: November 2018

Background:

The rapid improvement in technology enables design of high-speed devices,
with development of modified computational elements for FPGA implementation. With complexity
increasing day-to-day, there is demand for modified VLSI computational elements. Basically, for the
past decade an improvement in basic VLSI Operators like Adder, multiplier is significant. The basic
multiplication operator is been completely refined in the aspects of FPGA implementation.

Materials and Methods:

This paper presents a design of 32-bit high-speed MAC unit based on Vedic
computations. Among the many sutras of Vedic mathematics, by using the urdhvatriyagbhyam sutra
the products are generated in parallel. This proposed technique results in multiplication step reduction.

Results:

The result shows that the proposed MAC unit, the number of steps required for multiplication
and addition has been reduced, it leads to the decrease in area size. In comparison with the performance
of existing method to proposed MAC, the LUT's are reduced by 50 percent.

Conclusion:

This paper comprehensively describes the basic Multiplication operation using
urdhvatriyaghyam sutra for parallel multiplication process. Based on the Vedic sutras, the performance
was analyzed on a hardware platform Spartan-3E Xilinx FPGA Device for a 32-bit MAC
unit. The Implementation results shoes reduction in critical delay and area when compared to conventional
booth multiplier-based MAC Design. Hence this works concludes that the proposed Vedic
multiplier is suitable for constructing high speed MAC units.
Website Analytics of a Google Ads Campaign for a Men’s Mental Health Website: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Murphy Andrea Lynn , Peltekian Sophie , Gardner David M
Published: November 2018

Background

Men with mental health and addictions problems seek information and help from health service providers and community support less often than women with such problems. Online health resources offer men rapid access to self-care recommendations and resources and anonymity; however, only a few websites are specifically developed for men. Headstrong - Taking Things Head-On was a community pharmacy and online health promotion initiative for men living with mental health and addictions problems. The Headstrong website was developed to offer a curated collection of print and online recommended resources (primarily self-help oriented) for depression, anxiety, insomnia, tobacco and alcohol use problems, and suicide. To increase awareness of the initiative and use of the website’s content and resource recommendations, a Google Ads campaign was developed.

Objective

This study aimed to compare user acquisition and behavior on the Headstrong website during and after a Google Ads campaign.

Methods

The Google Ads campaign was launched on December 21, 2017, and run until February 28, 2018. Website analytics (acquisition of new users, behavior in terms of at-website actions and duration, devices used, and conversions [link-outs to recommended resources]) in a 30-day period during the campaign (January 26, 2018 to February 24, 2018) were compared to a similar 30-day period after the campaign (March 23, 2018 to April 21, 2018). A cost analysis of the ad campaign was also performed.

Results

The ad campaign generated 3011 clicks and 4.5 million impressions in total. In addition, the campaign received 1311 website users during the 30-day period of the ad campaign as compared to 241 users during the 30-day period after the ad campaign (P<.001). Return visitor (17.7% vs 27.8%) and nonbounce (19.5% vs 39.8%) user rates as well as session duration (42 vs 102 seconds) and page views per session (1.4 vs 2.1) were lower during the ad campaign than after the campaign (P<.01 for all). The 30-day period of the ad campaign included 9 sessions with conversions initiated by an ad click. Paid and display ads accounted for 63% of the site traffic during the ad campaign, most of which came from mobile phone users. Desktops were the most-common device used after the ad campaign acquired the website via direct and organic searches primarily (92%). The estimated cost per session with one or more conversions was Can $54.69 and cost per conversion was Can $32.81.

Conclusions

A Google Ads campaign designed to direct men to the Headstrong website increased the number of user visits by more than five-fold. However, engagement by users responding to the ad campaign was substantially lower than that by users who visited the website via other acquisition methods, possibly reflecting the nonspecific online targeting of men by the ad campaign. General targeting of men online to promote men’s mental health appears to have limited value.
Evolución de la autoridad administrativa en materia electoral ¿cómo evitar la tensión y presión en el sistema electoral?
Authors: Elizondo Gasperín Ma. Macarita
Published: November 2018

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo central hacer un balance de la contribución de la autoridad administrativa electoral al avance democrático del país e identificar los principales retos que enfrenta el INE de cara a las elecciones presidenciales de 2018. Para alcanzar tal objetivo, se valora el desempeño del IFE-INE en dichos proceso electoral federales, con base en el marco constitucional y legal vigente en cada elección y se considera la realidad político-electoral propia en cada caso. Adicionalmente, con base en la experiencia institucional en las elecciones locales de 2017 se identificarán los núcleos problemáticos que habrá que resolver, tanto en el plano normativo como en el operativo, para mejorar el desempeño institucional en elecciones venideras.
Inconstitucionalidad de la reincidencia como circunstancia cualificada agravante de la pena
Authors: Mendoza Garay Ampelio
Published: November 2018

La reincidencia fue objeto de análisis por parte del tribunal constitucional debido a la presunta vulneración del principio del ne bis in idem, culpabilidad, proporcionalidad y los fines de la pena. Declarándose la constitucionalidad de la reincidencia como circunstancia genérica agravante dado que no vulneraba los principios señalados. Entonces el objeto de la presente investigación es analizar los efectos jurídicos penales de la reincidencia en el derecho penal como circunstancia cualificada gravante de la pena. Teniendo como propósito explicar la inconstitucionalidad de la reincidencia como circunstancia cualificada agravante a raíz de que el tribunal constitucional en la sentencia núm. 0014-2006-PI/TC, realizará el tes de constitucionalidad de la reincidencia como circunstancia agravante genérica y no como circunstancia cualificada agravante de la pena. Para los fines de la investigación se realiza un marco teórico desde el plano jurisprudencial (STC Nº 0014-2006-PI/TC y el acuerdo plenario Nº 1-2008/ CJ/116), doctrinal y legal. Con una metodología analítico sistemático de 2 artículos científicos y 6 tesis para la obtención del resultado, así como su posterior discusión. Finalizando la investigación con las conclusiones que se desprenden de la discusión y que sustentan la inconstitucionalidad de la reincidencia como circunstancia cualificada agravante de la pena
Comentario a la Ley Orgánica de las Alcaldías de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Galindo Becerra Eduardo
Published: November 2018

l
Scene setting activities: One of students’ learning motivation factor
Authors: Ansar Ansar , Afiif Ahmad , Damayanti Eka
Published: November 2018

Apperception at the beginning of teaching and learning process is the common activity done by the teacher which determine the effectiveness of the process. This study aimed to determine the relationship between scene setting at the beginning of the learning process and student’s learning motivation. This was a correlational research in which the population was seventh-grade students at MTs. Madani Alauddin Pao Pao. The number of samples was sixty students, taken from 50% of the population by using simple random sampling. The instruments used were scene setting activity observation sheet and motivational questionnaire sheet, they both used the Likert scale. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the scene setting and students' learning motivation in Integrated Science subject in class VII of MTs. Madani Alauddin Pao Pao (p < 0.05). The relation between scene setting and learning motivation was in a strong category (R = 0.600). Thus, the better the scene setting activities, the more optimum the students’ motivation.