bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership capacity and organizational citizenship behavior in educational institutions
Authors: Erdoğan Mehmet , Demirhan Gökhan
Published: November 2021

In this research, it is aimed to examine the leadership capacity and organizational citizenship levels belong to the teachers working in some schools and the relationship between them. Relational survey design was used in this research. In the 2019-2020 academic year, 4025 teachers working in some primary, secondary and high school levels in the central districts of Uşak province constitute the study group of this research. In this study, the study titled “The adaptation of the leadership capacity scale (Olkö) in schools into Turkish: a validity and reliability study”, which was adapted into Turkish, was used to determine the level of organizational citizenship. For analyzing of the data obtained from the participants, arithmetic mean percentage, frequency, standard deviation values ​​were calculated. In the study linear regression analysis and pearson correlation analysis were used. Considering the results of the analysis of this research; the average perception of teachers' leadership capacity behaviors is moderate. Again, according to the results of the research; perception of organizational citizenship behavior on average belonging to teachers is at a "high" level. According to teachers' perceptions, a low, but positive and significant relationship has been found between school leadership capacity and organizational citizenship behavior. Leadership capacity is a significant predictor of organizational citizenship behaviors.
Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) used in the example of Sakarya University
Authors: Yazar Ulvican , Abalı Nail
Published: November 2021

Considering the ubiquity of computers and the Internet in this ever changing technological era, it is definitely normal that they would affect the language learning process. As an institution, Sakarya University is supposed to keep pace with the technology in every field. Thereupon, CALL started being used at English Language Preparatory Class of Sakarya University.
Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) is the fulfilment of software and web-based programs to ease the learning of English. CALL can be a good supplementary tool it cannot only be used like traditional face-to-face instruction.
An increased use of computers and the advent of the Internet in every field of modern lifestyle   make computer-aided language learning irreplaceable in all aspects. Being new to those who were fond of the high technology and who were fed up with using books, CALL grabbed the students’ attention, which made the study easier. In the system, Computers were tools that students mainly utilized. Every student had a computer reserved for himself/herself. It was an amazing experience for those using books.
In this study it is aimed to evaluate CALL implemented at English Language Preparatory Class of Sakarya University and assess the students’ performances. The data analysis method was used. The data were able to be managed and analyzed properly and effectively after the conclusions of the research. The success results of the Sakarya University preparatory class students were evaluated. The data utilized in the study are restricted to the period of three academic years. According to results CALL has been successfully applied in years when the software used was up-to-date. In line with the results, CALL is a useful tool that helps teachers to ease the language learning process.
Comparative Ethnolinguistics on Metaphorical Interpretations in Japanese Kotowaza and Malay Proverbs
Authors: Ramlan Muhammad Nadzif Bin
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the comparison between Japanese kotowaza and Malay proverbs via the lens of ethnolinguistics. The rich cultural exchanges between the Japanese empire and Malay civilisation since the 15th century must be based on mutual values that both parties can agree upon. One such aspect is the sociocultural values apparent in proverbs and idioms. This aspect is integral in ethnolinguistics. Therefore, this paper has three objectives: 1) To compare and contrast the entities and the conventionalised metaphorical interpretations made in the proverbs of the two languages; 2) to conduct a comprehensive discourse analysis on the proverbs based on ethnolinguistic approaches; and 3) to trailblaze the opportunities for ethnolinguists to consider expanding the research in paremiology. This research is motivated due to the very scarce resource in Japanese-Malay comparative proverbs study. The methods used are library research and Cornell note-taking technique. There are 10 proverbs respectively in Japanese and Malay for similarity and 5 respective proverbs for the difference, totalling to 30 proverbs in both languages. The findings show that the proverbs in the two different languages can both reach the same interpretation despite different extensive backgrounds. However, opposing or dissimilar outcomes also occur despite the same referents or symbols used in the metaphors. This paper concludes with the limitations and suggestions for linguists to consider in their research on proverbs.
Formation and Usage of Babigo in Japanese
Authors: Fitriana Rina , Ohashi Tamaru Shigehiro
Published: November 2021

This research discusses the formation and use of babigo slang language by taking data sources on video footage of Saitou Kyouko as a babigo speaker on the Saitou Kyouko YouTube channel. The purpose of this study was to determine the formation and function of babigo. The method used in this research is qualitative method. A qualitative method is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of words or speech of people and behaviors that can be observed. The data collection method uses the listening method, which is the method used to obtain data by listening to the use of the language. While the data analysis method uses descriptive methods which are research methods carried out based on the existing facts, so the results are describing the elements of language as it is. Based on the analysis of this research data, the author found 1) Babigo formation that inserts a single vocal syllable in each Japanese language syllable 2) The Function of babigo is used by young people as a secret language and can also be used as language games.
Visualization of Material Using Concept Map as a Strategy in Design of Learning Material for Nihon Bunka Shakai Nyumon Subject
Authors: Rahman Rahayu Rismawati Nur , Hartoro Ardietyo , Artadi Ari , Setiawan Hari
Published: November 2021

This research examined the application of a concept map in designing learning material to help students understand by visualizing information of various topics that covers the social, cultural, and economic topics included in the Nihon Bunka Shakai Nyumon Subject. Manifesting Ausubel subsumption theory, three of Model Kemp. variables such as content sequencing, task analysis, and instructional delivery methods accompanied by the use of audio-visual media were conducted to construct the learning design and strategy of Japanese society and culture that are valid, effective, and encourage critical thinking of the students. The trials of learning material, strategy, and evaluation had been implemented in Nihon Bunka Shakai Nyumon subject at the odd semester of 2020-2021 academic year based on the 2017 curriculum of Japanese Language and Culture Department, Darma Persada University. As the result, about 48% of students stated their satisfaction with the implementation of the Nihon Bunka Shakai Nyumon subject and about 31% of the students conveyed that they got a significant increase in knowledge about Japanese society and culture.
Hidden Facts and The Representation of Indonesia within Mamiya Mosuke’s “Kichi no Seikatsu”
Authors: Anggraeni Dewi
Published: November 2021

Despite witnessing modernization in Indonesia, nanpōchōyōsakka (South-dispatched writers) depicted Indonesians as people who remain undeveloped because of Western colonialism. This article argues that there must be “hidden facts” behind the representation of Indonesia within the writers’ works due to a mission of disseminating the idea of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. Using Mamiya Mosuke’s military essay “Kichi no Seikatsu” as the object of study, this article seeks to explain what kind of “Indonesia” Mamiya represents and the impact of such representation on “Indonesia” as a spatial concept by illuminating “hidden facts” behind his expressions. This article employs the concept of contact zone (Mary Louise Pratt) to view Indonesia as a social space already shaped by Dutch colonialism and uses sakuhinron method to analyze Mamiya’s expressions in representing Indonesia. Through analysis, Mamiya portrays Indonesians as reliant people and blames such conditions on the Dutch colonial policy while leaving local intellectuals and nationalist movements out of his narrative. This article concludes that Mamiya justifies the notion of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere by denying Indonesian agency, gives an impression that Indonesians need Japanese guidance to stand on their own.  Keywords: Contact Zone; Kichi no Seikatsu; Mamiya Mosuke; Nanpōchōyōsakka; Representation
Selection the best strategy for Comercialization Trygona Honey in The Time of Past Covid 19 Pandemic Using SAST and ECM A case study in Nort Lombok West Nusatenggara
Authors: Kholil Kholil
Published: November 2021

Covid 19 has a very serious impact on small and medium businesses  in Indonesia, There are only a few SMEs are able to survive.  The  trygona honey home industry  is one of them. This business  have been developed by most of the people of North Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. But they do not know   to commercialize their products in order to increase their income and ensure sustainability of the business.

The main objective of this study is to analyze and develop  share value chain  that   encourages and increasing   business actors's income.  Data collection through experts discussion and  field study and then analyzed using Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST) and Exponential Comparison Matrix (ECM).

 The Results of Study showed that honey producers sell their products to companies through collectors at low prices, while the greater profits are enjoyed by collectors and companies. The most important aspects for  share value  chain  is   development of Value Chain interconnectivity system as a matching institution between honey producers and the market by involving BUMDES  (Villages Owned Enterprise). While   the most appropriate strategy to comercialize trygona honey is value added system at the producer.
MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMIC SITUATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Redzuan
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to examine the extent to which the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world has changed the economic position and government of Malaysian action in general and itself in particular. It not only looks at the economic context of the country but also looks at how the economy of the community itself was during this epidemic. It is done based on the situation that struck and the environmental conditions that can be seen in general. It will also look at how the economic position of individuals who have to change jobs to ensure family survival changes during this pandemic season. In other words, this is not just about national problems but more specifically about the economic position of Malaysian society itself in the face of the Covid-19 epidemic.

There are individuals who are still able to survive with this current situation and not least also with individuals who are not able to survive with the pandemic that is plaguing this world. It does not matter whether a person is of high or low status. This study was conducted randomly on the Malaysian community by taking into account the various backgrounds of the community and the economic situation of Malaysia itself. This study also will look at the state of the Malaysian economy during the Covid-19 pandemic in two periods of rule. This can be seen due to the several changes of government leadership for some political reasons. However, all eras of government are active in fighting this pandemic despite the turbulent political issues.
Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressive (MS-VAR) Modelling (Mean Adjusted): Application to Macroeconomic data
Authors: Tuaneh Godwin Lebari , Didi Essi Isaac , Etuk Ette Harrison
Published: November 2021

Researcher every so often model economic relationship using linear models. Even when non-linear models are used, they hardly consider the possibility of regimes, the transmission from one regime to another and also the duration of stay in a particular regime. These are not captured by linear models. To address this, we applied the Markov-Switching Mean Vector Autoregressive  Model to model and estimate the interdependence between macroeconomic variables (International Trade and Macroeconomic Stability) within the context of the Nigerian economy. Specifically, the study analyzed the trends of total export, total import, exchange rate, and inflation rate in Nigeria within the study period, Estimated MSM-VAR models on the study variables and selected the best model using information criteria. The study empirically investigated the interdependence existing among the study variables, determined the probabilities of transition from one regime to another and the duration of stay in a regime. The study ascertained the relative significance of each random innovation in affecting the study variables. Monthly time series data 246 months spanning through January 2000 to June 2020 was collected form the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study used the Markov-Switching Mean Vector Autoression in the Analysis. The results showed that all variables were stationary at first difference. The study chose 2 regimes and the model selection criteria selected [MS(2)-MVAR(2)]. The variables were largely self-explanatory and very strongly exogenous.
Easter Sunday Bombings and Jihad in Sri Lanka
Authors: Acharya Arabinda
Published: November 2021

2019 Easter Sunday bombings in Sri Lanka by Islamist radicals poses a level of complexity that could challenge conventional thinking about radicalization and the spread of influence of groups like Al Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and the Muslim Brotherhood, in many fundamental respects. At a very basic level, it defies common understanding of the emergence of Islamist radicalism in Sri Lanka – a country ravaged by extremist violence in other forms perpetrated by groups like JVP and the LTTE for example, which are mostly secular in character. In this context, jihadism in Sri Lanka introduces a new dynamic - utilitarian and pragmatic - where groups, cutting across their ideological and political divides, come together to achieve common goals.

 

Ability of the groups like ISIS and Muslim Brotherhood to recruit and deploy local Muslims in Sri Lanka to attack Western targets and attract global attention testify to the potency and resiliency of the ideology. [1]
Prospects of School Social Work in Haor Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Syeda Sultana
Published: November 2021

This study employs qualitative research methods to explore the performance of school students in reading motivation, sincerity, and achievement and the perceived role of a school social worker in Tanguar Haor inhabitants of rural Sunamganj in Bangladesh. Findings of the study suggest that the stakeholders in rural education in haor areas are keen to see the students’ achievements in reading, motivation, and academic performance but unaware of how to improve. This paper argues that social workers have a significant role to play in rural areas, particularly in remote places like haor areas, to enhance students’ performances and academic achievements in the school as well as to improve the quality of education services in those areas.
Too Much Technology and Too Little Regulation? The Spectacular Demise of P2P Lending in China
Authors: Chen Ding , Deakin Simon , Johnston Andrew , Wang Boya
Published: November 2021

In this paper we trace the rapid growth and spectacular demise of online peer to peer lending in China. Drawing on a series of interviews conducted in China in 2017 and 2018, we follow the expansion of the sector from the establishment of the first major platform in 2007, through the introduction of limited regulation in 2015 in response to a series of platform failures to the final de facto closure of the whole sector by the regulator in 2019–20. However, contrary to claims that technology would reduce risk, the new platforms appear to have given rise to new risks by connecting dispersed borrowers and lenders whilst the regulator had decided to leave the sector to evolve without specific regulation. While there were hopes that P2P lending might increase flows of finance to the SMEs that are excluded from the formal banking system, ultimately too much of the activity on the P2P platforms was characterised by what we term ‘transactional ambiguity’ and ‘legal fluidity’: it occurred on the fringes of legality, often amounting to Ponzi schemes, fraud or unlicensed banking activity. In contrast to the banking sector, where their intermediation role ensures that banks are the focal point in the event of borrower default, and conventional moneylending, where moneylenders bear the risk of default, defaults and platform failures in the P2P sector distributed losses far and wide around the country, often to lenders who were not capable of bearing them. Whilst the central government did not formally stand behind the P2P sector (as it does with banks because of the systemic implications of their operations), the government could not help but become involved where P2P lending transmitted losses to lenders who were dispersed around the whole country. Ultimately, central government announced a wholesale reversal of policy that led to the sector effectively being closed down. The episode cautions against overly optimistic claims that technology can eradicate the risks of fraud and fundamental uncertainty inherent in lending, and reminds us that, without appropriate regulation and adequate internal controls, financial institutions will always operate in ways that result in instability.
Barn Owl's Auditory Space Map Activity Matching Conditions for a Population Vector Readout to Drive Adaptive Sound-Localizing Behavior
Authors: Ferger Roland , Shadron Keanu , Fischer Brian J. , Peña José L.
Published: November 2021

Space-specific neurons in the owl's midbrain form a neural map of auditory space, which supports sound-orienting behavior. Previous work proposed that a population vector (PV) readout of this map, implementing statistical inference, predicts the owl's sound localization behavior. This model also predicts the frontal localization bias normally observed and how sound-localizing behavior changes when the signal-to-noise ratio varies, based on the spread of activity across the map. However, the actual distribution of population activity and whether this pattern is consistent with premises of the PV readout model on a trial-by-trial basis remains unknown. To answer these questions, we investigated whether the population response profile across the midbrain map in the optic tectum of the barn owl matches these predictions usingin vivomultielectrode array recordings. We found that response profiles of recorded subpopulations are sufficient for estimating the stimulus interaural time difference using responses from single trials. Furthermore, this decoder matches the expected differences in trial-by-trial variability and frontal bias between stimulus conditions of low and high signal-to-noise ratio. These results support the hypothesis that a PV readout of the midbrain map can mediate statistical inference in sound-localizing behavior of barn owls.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile the tuning of single neurons in the owl's midbrain map of auditory space has been considered predictive of the highly specialized sound-localizing behavior of this species, response properties across the population remain largely unknown. For the first time, this study analyzed the spread of population responses across the map using multielectrode recordings and how it changes with signal-to-noise ratio. The observed responses support the hypothesis concerning the ability of a population vector readout to predict biases in orienting behaviors and mediate uncertainty-dependent behavioral commands. The results are of significance for understanding potential mechanisms for the implementation of optimal behavioral commands across species.
Endolysosome Localization of ERα Is Involved in the Protective Effect of 17α-Estradiol against HIV-1 gp120-Induced Neuronal Injury
Authors: Datta Gaurav , Miller Nicole M. , Du Wenjuan , Geiger Jonathan D. , Chang Sulie , Chen Xuesong
Published: November 2021

Neurotoxic HIV-1 viral proteins contribute to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), the prevalence of which remains high (30–50%) with no effective treatment available. Estrogen is a known neuroprotective agent; however, the diverse mechanisms of estrogen action on the different types of estrogen receptors is not completely understood. In this study, we determined the extent to which and mechanisms by which 17α-estradiol (17αE2), a natural less-feminizing estrogen, offers neuroprotection against HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal injury. Endolysosomes are important for neuronal function, and endolysosomal dysfunction contributes to HAND and other neurodegenerative disorders. In hippocampal neurons, estrogen receptor α (ERα) is localized to endolysosomes and 17αE2 acidifies endolysosomes. ERα knockdown or overexpressing an ERα mutant that is deficient in endolysosome localization prevents 17αE2-induced endolysosome acidification. Furthermore, 17αE2-induced increases in dendritic spine density depend on endolysosome localization of ERα. Pretreatment with 17αE2 protected against HIV-1 gp120-induced endolysosome deacidification and reductions in dendritic spines; such protective effects depended on endolysosome localization of ERα. In male HIV-1 transgenic rats, we show that 17αE2 treatment prevents the development of enlarged endolysosomes and reduction in dendritic spines. Our findings demonstrate a novel endolysosome-dependent pathway that governs the ERα-mediated neuroprotective actions of 17αE2, findings that might lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against HAND.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExtranuclear presence of membrane-bound estrogen receptors (ERs) underlie the enhancing effect of estrogen on cognition and synaptic function. The estrogen receptor subtype ERα is present on endolysosomes and plays a critical role in the enhancing effects of 17αE2 on endolysosomes and dendritic spines. These findings provide novel insight into the neuroprotective actions of estrogen. Furthermore, 17αE2 protected against HIV-1 gp120-induced endolysosome dysfunction and reductions in dendritic spines, and these protective effects of 17αE2 were mediated via endolysosome localization of ERα. Such findings provide a rationale for developing 17αE2 as a therapeutic strategy against HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Ceftazidime/avibactam resistance is associated with different mechanisms in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains
Authors: Cavallini Sara , Unali Ilaria , Bertoncelli Anna , Cecchetto Riccardo , Mazzariol Annarita
Published: November 2021

This study focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that were resistant or had low susceptibility to a combination of ceftazidime/avibactam. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying this resistance. A total of 24 multi-drug resistant isolates of K. pneumoniae were included in the study. The phenotypic determination of carbapenemase presence was based on the CARBA NP test. NG-Test CARBA 5 was also performed, and it showed KPC production in 22 out 24 strains. The molecular characterisation of blaKPC carbapenemase gene, ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) and porin genes ompK35/36 was performed using the PCR. Finally, ILLUMINA sequencing was performed to determine the presence of genetic mutations.

Various types of mutations in the KPC sequence, leading to ceftazidime/avibactam resistance, were detected in the analysed resistant strains. We observed that KPC-31 harboured the D179Y mutation, the deletion of the amino acids 167–168, and the mutation of T243M associated with ceftazidime/avibactam resistance. The isolates that did not present carbapenemase alterations were found to have other mechanisms such as mutations in the porins. The mutations both on the KPC-3 enzyme and in the porins confirmed, that diverse mechanisms confer resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam in K. pneumoniae.
Analisis Asas Ultimum Remedium Studi Keadilan dan Konsekuensi Paksa dalam Pengaturan Perpajakan
Authors: Anggraeniko Litya Surisdani
Published: November 2021

Pengoptimalan pajak seringkali dilakukan dengan mengesampingkan keadilan karena dianggap dapat menimbulkan kenaikan biaya pajak dengan menambahkan dan menekan pengurangan penerimaan terhadap negara, padahal keadilan termasuk dalam asas pemungutan pajak sebagaimana telah dijelaskan oleh Adolf Wigner yang mana pemberlakuannya berlaku tanpa diskriminasi bukan serta merta demi kepentingan negara. Ktentuan Umum dan Tata Cara perpajakan (KUP) kemudian diatur dalam Undang-Undang No.28 Tahun 2007 Pasal pada 13A dan 38 menjelaskan bahwa akan adanya pidana jika kealpaan dilakukan lebih dari satu kali hal ini tentu bertentang dengan amanat budgetair, juga ini merupakan ketidakpastian akan batas ultimum remedium. Saat negara maju menggunakan konsep kesengajaan sebagai alasan diterapkannya pidana, Indonesia justru masih menggunakan kealpaan sebagai alasan pemidanaan, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis biasnya konsep kepastian yang menimbulkan multitafsir serta dekat dengan kriminalisasi yang bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum perpajakan yang juga menimbulkan tidak dimilikinya perlindungan yustisiabel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif yakni memberikan gambaran serta analisis peraturan perpajakan di Indonesia dengan asas ultimum remedium serta keadilan didalamnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat beberapa ketidakpastian pengaturan sanksi hukum yang diterapkan dalam konsep perpajakan sehingga hal ini menyebebkan ambangnya ultimum remedium yang seharusnya terdapat pintu lain yang dapat ditempuh guna mewujudkan suatu keadilan.
Regular $\Gamma$-irresolvable spaces
Authors: AL-OMARİ Ahmad , NOİRİ Takashi
Published: November 2021

In this paper by using regular open sets and $\Gamma$-local functions, we introduce and investigate the notions of $\mathcal{I}_R$-dense sets, $\mathcal{I}_R$-hyperconnectedness, $\mathcal{I}^*_R$-hyperconnectedness, $\Gamma$-resolbablity and regular $\Gamma$-irresobability in ideal topological spaces.
Unified classification of pure metric geometries
Authors: ETAYO Fernando , DEFRANCİSCO Araceli , SANTAMARİA Rafael
Published: November 2021

Almost Norden, almost product Riemannian, almost Norden golden and almost golden Riemannian are pure metric geometries. We introduce $\alpha$-metric and $\alpha$-golden metric manifolds to unify the study of almost Norden manifolds and almost product Riemannian manifolds with null trace and almost Norden golden manifolds and almost golden Riemannian manifolds with null trace respectively. Then we can show the classifications of almost Norden manifolds and almost product Riemannian manifolds with null trace in a unified way. The bijection between $\alpha$-metric and $\alpha$-golden metric manifolds allows us to classify $\alpha$-golden metric manifolds, i.e., we classify almost Norden golden manifolds and almost golden Riemannian manifolds with null trace simultaneously. Finally we characterize every class of the above four kind of pure metric manifolds by means of the first canonical and the well-adapted connections which are two distinguished connections shared by $\alpha$-metric and $\alpha$-golden metric manifolds.
New optimal fourth-order iterative method based on linear combination technique
Authors: NADEEM Akbar , ALİ Faisal , HE Ji-huan
Published: November 2021

Newton’s iteration method is widely used in numerical methods, but its convergence is low. Though a higher order iteration algorithm leads to a fast convergence, it is always complex. An optimal iteration formulation is much needed for both fast convergence and simple calculation. Here, we develop a two-step optimal fourth-order iterative method based on linear combination of two iterative schemes for nonlinear equations, and we explore the convergence criteria of the proposed method and also demonstrate its validity and efficiency by considering some test problems. We present both numerical as well as graphical comparisons. Further, the dynamical behavior of the proposed method is revealed.
Evaluation of corn hybrids for silage grown in different locations
Authors: Neumann M. , Horst E.H. , Cristo F.B. , Souza A.M. , Plodoviski D.C. , Costa L.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, morphometric and chemical characteristics, and the digestibility of various corn hybrids cultivated in different locations for silage production. Four corn hybrids were grown: P2866H, P3456H, P30R50VYH and P4285YHR, in four locations, defined as farm A; B; C and D. The hybrid P4285YHR presented the highest plant and ear insertion heights (2.72m, 1.52m respectively), with a minimum registered height of 2.63 m and 1.42 m, for plant and ear insertion height, and for that reason it presented the highest yield of fresh biomass (78,089kg ha-1). The TND values showed trend very close to that observed in the DISMS of the whole-plant, with hybrid P3456H presenting the highest estimated value (68.74%), and the hybrid P4285YHR the lowest among them (65.25%). In general, lower fibrous carbohydrates and lignin content, higher fibrous carbohydrates content, together with satisfactory grains participation in the plant structure led to a greater dry matter digestibility. Hybrids with lower plant heights do not necessarily have lower dry biomass yields, but hybrids of greater height and with high stem and leaf participation tend to have a higher aFDN content and less dry matter digestibility.
Pandemic Cartoons for the #Draw Challenge: Sisyphus as Key Worker and The Toad and the Scorpion
Authors: Buck Louisa Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

The political cartoon, by its nature, provides comment as events unfold and part of its power can be understood by ‘the satisfaction the successful cartoon gives us simply by its neat summing up, “a momentary focus”’ (Gombrich 1994: 131). This submission contains two cartoon series produced in response to a call on Twitter as part of the #Draw Twitter challenge by political cartoonist Martin Rowson. They were both constructed at the time of the 2020 lockdowns, imposed in the UK as a result of the developing events around the global spread of the then little-understood COVID-19 virus. This graphic submission includes my own work that was created in response to the #DrawTheCoronaVirus in collaboration with The Cartoon Museum, London, UK. In late@font-face{font-family:Cambria;panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}@font-face{font-family:font491;panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;mso-font-alt:Cambria;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-format:other;mso-font-pitch:auto;mso-font-signature:99592203 597701894 0 0 524289 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-parent:"";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}p.MsoFootnoteText, li.MsoFootnoteText, div.MsoFootnoteText{mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-link:"Footnote Text Char";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}span.MsoFootnoteReference{mso-style-noshow:yes;vertical-align:super;}a:link, span.MsoHyperlink{mso-style-noshow:yes;color:blue;text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;}a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed{mso-style-noshow:yes;color:purple;text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;}span.FootnoteTextChar{mso-style-name:"Footnote Text Char";mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-locked:yes;mso-style-link:"Footnote Text";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;}div.Section1{page:Section1;}
New Understanding of the Barriers to Foreign Students Adaptation in the Changing Educational Landscape: The Case of Psycholinguistic Narrative Analysis
Authors: Tikhonova Elena V. , Kosycheva Marina , Efremova Galina I.
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed nowadays life in every aspect so irreversibly that there is no doubt that the educational landscape must be continuously re-evaluated and revised. In this regard, particular emphasis is given to the issues of academic mobility and adaptation of foreign students. The aim of the study is to clarify a new understanding of the issues traditionally faced by foreign students in universities in the host country and to analyze new barriers that have arisen as a result of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reports on a narrative research study exploring the experiences and perceptions of 42 first-year bachelor and master foreign students having come to Russia for the first time. Taking into account that human behaiviour can be predicted through language patterns, we analysed language features to compare the participants’ rational and emotional perception of the barriers to adaptation highlighted from their narratives. The findings suggest that almost all issues traditionally faced by foreign students have received a new understanding or have changed their hierarchy in their perception. Contemporary challenges have also created new barriers to adaptation. Temporalities and restrictions in physical movement received special emphasis as an obstacle to adaptation of foreign students. In the context of the total transformation that awaits higher education after the end of the pandemic and its transition to a hybrid format, the results of this study can be used by academic developers to establish a system of foreign students’ psychological adaptation.
Planaria 2021 Environmental Summary, Reptile & Aquatics, Stowers Institute for Medical Research v1
Authors: C. Miller Shane , Shane Merryman M. , P Baumann Diana
Published: November 2021

Planaria are an emerging model organism, and we have maintained a colony of asexual and sexual worms at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research since 2010. Their small size allows us to maintain a large census across several systems requiring a small footprint. The planaria systems at the Stowers Institute allow for standardization of husbandry and environmental parameters. Acknowledging that husbandry conditions and environmental parameters can impact research results we provide information about the housing, nutrition, maintenance, and health for our Planaria colonies. This information will be applicable to any Planaria housed in the facility in 2021.
Starlet Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis) 2021 Environmental Summary, Reptile & Aquatics, Stowers Institute for Medical Research v1
Authors: C. Miller Shane , P Baumann Diana , Shane Merryman M.
Published: November 2021

The starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis) is an emerging model organism, and we have maintained a colony at the Stowers Institute since 2007. Nematostella are known as a simple sea anemone, related to other cnidarians such as jellyfish and corals. Native to estuarine environments across the Atlantic coast of North America, from Novia Scotia to Florida, they encounter a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, salinity). Acknowledging that husbandry conditions and environmental parameters can impact research results we provide information about the housing, nutrition, maintenance, and health for our colony of Nematostella. This information will be applicable to any Nematostella housed in the facility in 2021.
The Effect of Interactive Blended-Problem Based Learning Assisted Virtual Classroom on Critical Thinking Skills of Students of The Society Era 5.0
Authors: Islam Muhammad Naufal , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Putra Alfyananda Kurnia , Sugiyati Pratiwi , Salsabilah Sabrina
Published: November 2021

Students in society 5.0 era education are directed to have adaptive and reactive response patterns to change through effective synergy as domain systems inaccessibility to technology in developing their skills actively and independently through critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills as a cognitive domain in identifying, analyzing, and thinking of practical and creative ways to solve problems are needed to develop in the era of global society 5.0. Therefore, teachers are required to design learning processes that can accommodate student competencies in the era of society 5.0, one of which is the implementation of the innovative Interactive Blended Problem-Based Learning (IBPBL) learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of Interactive Blended Problem-Based Learning (IBPBL) assisted by Virtual Classroom on students' critical thinking skills. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study using a posttest-only control group design. The sample in this study used 72 students in class X IPS 2 (n = 36 control class) and X IPS 3 (n = 36 experimental class), Specializing in Social Sciences, SMAN 1 Tempeh, Lumajang Regency, East Java. The data analysis technique used the independent t-test hypothesis test to determine the significance value of the difference in the average treatment given to both the control and experimental classes. The results showed an effect of Interactive Blended Problem-Based Learning (IBPBL) assisted by Virtual Classroom on the critical thinking skills of students with Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000.
Computational Models of Bio Heuristics Based on Physical and Cognitive Processes (Review)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russian Federation, Kureychik V. V. , Rodzin S. I. ,   Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

Computational models of bio heuristics based on physical and cognitive processes are presented. Data on such characteristics of bio heuristics (including evolutionary and swarm bio heuristics) are compared.) such as the rate of convergence, computational complexity, the required amount of memory, the configuration of the algorithm parameters, the difficulties of software implementation. The balance between the convergence rate of bio heuristics and the diversification of the search space for solutions to optimization problems is estimated. Experimental results are presented for the problem of placing Peco graphs in a lattice with the minimum total length of the graph edges.
Markers of Epstein–Barr virus in clinical assessment of Russian patients with nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Smirnova K. V. , Senuta N. B. , Botezatu I. V. , Ignatova A. V. , Dushenkina T. E. , Zolotarev A. A. , Lichtenstein A. V. , Gurtsevich V. E.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is equally widespread in the endemic and non-endemic world regions for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). High incidence of NPC in endemic countries and low in non-endemic countries suggest there are different mechanisms and conditions for tumor occurrence and, possibly, different clinical significance of EBV-associated markers. However, significance of these markers for determining NPC in non-endemic regions is still poorly understood. Objective – to determine clinical significance of titers of IgG/IgA antibodies to EBV capsid antigen and concentrations of the viral DNA in patients’ blood plasma as diagnostic and monitoring markers for NPC in a non-endemic region of Russia. Materials and methods. Titers of EB-specific antibodies were determined by indirect immunofluorescence, and concentration of the viral DNA in plasma was measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in real time. Study group included patients with NPC (n = 96), and control group – blood donors (n = 171) and patients with other head and neck tumors (n = 33).Results. Titers of IgG/IgA antibodies to EBV capsid antigen, being an important diagnostic marker of nasopharyngeal cancer, did not always correlate with patients’ clinical condition. Humoral response to emerging events often delayed due to inertia of the immune system. Concentration of EBV DNA in patients’ blood plasma clearly reflected the dynamics of the pathological process: it decreased to background values in remission and increased while the disease progressed. In contrast to endemic regions, we did not find any correlation between the studied EBV markers and clinical manifestations of the disease, evaluated in accordance with the TNM classification (Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis).Conclusion. In non-endemic countries, such as Russia, serological and molecular markers of EBV can be successfully used for the primary diagnosis of NPC. However, for the disease monitoring, it is preferable to use the value of the concentrations of circulating EBV DNA, which, in contrast to the values of IgG/IgA antibody titers to VCA EBV, more accurately reflect the patient’s clinical condition.
Glioblastoma: a molecular genetic portrait and modern therapeutic strategies for drug treatment
Authors: Guens G. P. , Sanikovich V. D. , Mileyko V. A. , Lebedeva A. A.
Published: November 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite the existing modern complex therapy and advances in the study of molecular genetic changes in this tumor, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma is one of the most unfavorable in oncology. This overview reviews existing therapeutic agents and clinical studies of potential drugs for the treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme.Next-generation sequencing has become firmly established in the clinical practice of oncologists and allows detecting gene mutations in tumor cells, some of which can serve as targets for therapy. Glioblastoma is characterized by a large number of potentially targeted molecular genetic disorders. As in the case of other solid tumors, targeted and immunotherapy for glioblastomas is being actively studied, including the combination of drugs with physical methods of exposure. To date, new treatment methods of glioblastoma, including antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, oncolytic viral therapy and gene therapy still have uncertain or very modest clinical results. There are many reasons for the lack of progress in the treatment of glioblastoma – from the banal inability of most molecules to overcome the blood-brain barrier to the wide genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. The most promising direction of studies is immunotherapy. But at this stage, we cannot say that there is an effective monotherapy for glioblastoma. The combination treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy increases the mutational load, the expression of stress and other factors, therefore, the researchers pin great hopes on the combined methods of treatment.
Mucociliary apparatus of the fallopian tubes and related pathogenetic aspects contributing to infertility and prospects for correction (analytical review)
Authors: Kobylyansky V. I.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The mucociliary apparatus (MCA) of the fallopian tubes (MTр) represents one of the key mechanisms and arms in functioning of female reproductive system. A prominent role of impaired MCA in the pathogenesis of reproductive system diseases and infertility, on the one hand, as well as insufficient knowledge and elucidation of this topic, on the other hand, spurred current study.

Aim: to improve our understanding about a role for reproductive system MCA and its impairment in developing diseases and infertility, as well as to identify potential perspectives for their correction.

Materials and Methods. We searched for publications and analyzed literature data from 1980 to 2020 using various scientific databases, including Index Medicus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Russian scholarly journals related to gynecology, obstetrics and reproduction.

Results. The analysis conducted allowed to originally assess the morpho-functional, structural-genetic features and other important aspects of MCA MTр. In addition, we demonstrated an impact of various factors on developing diverse types of pathological processes, including those capable of causing infertility. Moreover, we also elucidated a state of MCA MTр coupled to various diseases, including genetically determined disorders.

Conclusion. The role of impaired MCA MTр in developing pathological process and infertility was of tremendous importance and deserves close attention, because they are often remained undiagnosed by standard methods and require use of morphological and functional research methods for verification. Perspectives for diagnostics and correction of MCA MTр disorders are further discussed.
Prophylaxis and management of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and postpartum period
Authors: Khryshchanovich V. Ya. , Skobeleva N. Ya.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the lead causes for maternal mortality and morbidity during pregnancy in the majority of developed countries. The incidence rate of VTE per pregnancy-year increases during pregnancy and postpartum period about by 4-fold and at least 14-fold, respectively.

Aim: to analyze and summarize current view on risk factors of thrombotic events during gestation and to discuss recent guidelines for the management of venous thromboembolic complications during pregnancy and postpartum, by taking into account a balance between risks and benefits of using anticoagulants.

Materials and Methods. The literature search covering the last 10 years was carried out in the electronic scientific databases RSCI, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Embase. While formulating a search strategy for evidence-based information, the PICO method (P = Patient; I = Intervention; C = Comparison; O = Outcome) and the key terms “venous thromboembolism” and “pregnancy” were used.

Results. Risk factors were found to include a personal history of VTE, verified inherited or acquired thrombophilia, a family history of VTE and general medical conditions, such as immobilization, overweight, varicose veins, some hematological diseases and autoimmune disorders. VTE is considered being potentially preventable upon prophylactic administration of anticoagulants, but no high confidence randomized clinical trials comparing diverse strategies of thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women have been proposed so far. Because heparins do not cross the placenta, weight-adjusted therapeutic-dose low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) represent the anticoagulant treatment of choice for VTE during pregnancy. Once- and twice-daily dosing regimens are acceptable. However, no evidence suggesting benefits for measurement of factor Xa activities and consecutive LMWH dose adjustments to improve clinical outcomes are available. In case of uncomplicated pregnancy-related VTE, no routine administration of vitamin K antagonists, direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors, fondaparinux, or danaparoid is recommended. Lactating women may switch from applying LMWH to warfarin. Anticoagulation therapy should be continued for 6 weeks postpartum with total duration lasting at least for 3 months.

Conclusion. VTE is a challenging task in pregnant women expecting to apply a multi-faceted approach for its efficient solution by taking into account updated recommendations and personalized patient-oriented features.