bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ardis do plagiato
Authors: Menandro Paulo Rogério Meira
Published: October 2018

A questão do plágio pode ser vista por diversas facetas e tem sido objeto de preocupação mesmo nos mais altos níveis da formação educacional, como assinala o artigo examinado, referindo-se tanto ao Brasil como a outros centros de produção acadêmica. Em nosso país, uma clara evidência dessa realidade no âmbito da formação educacional e da produção científica é o fato de a instituição responsável pela avaliação e pelo fomento da pós-graduação – a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoas de Nível Superior (Capes) – ter divulgado, no início de 2011, um alerta e um conjunto de orientações sobre como lidar com o plágio.
Nem tudo é plágio, nem todo plágio é igual: infrações éticas na comunicação científica
Authors: Munhoz Ana Terra Mejia , Diniz Debora
Published: October 2018

O tema do plágio suscita reações intensas. Seja no ambiente restrito da sala de aula, seja no contexto amplo da comunicação científica, não se fica indiferente ao flagrante de um caso de plágio, que gera desde a frustração e indignação até o mais grave sentimento de ultraje. Talvez por isso o discurso sobre essa prática se mostre tão rico em metáforas e analogias: nos artigos deste debate, assinados por Newton Narciso Gomes Junior, Hélder Boska de Moraes Sarmento e Paulo Rogério Meira Menandro, o plágio é tratado como “ato de vilania”, “golpe de estelionato”, “falsificação de autoria”, “rapinagem”, “usurpação”, “mecanismos de corrupção”, “ardis”, “dissimulação”, “soluções ilícitas” e “fraude intelectual”. Esses são termos também encontrados na literatura sobre o tema e, não raro, o campo semântico dos adjetivos que qualificam o plágio é o mesmo daqueles que descrevem o crime, embora nossa aposta seja a de tratá-lo não como objeto de sanções penais, mas como infração ética.
MERSİN İLİNDEKİ SURİYELİ ÇOCUKLARIN AİLE VE SOSYAL İLİŞKİLERİNDE YAŞADIKLARI AMBİVALANSIN İLİŞKİSEL SOSYOLOJİK BİR ANALİZİ
Authors: TEKİN BABUÇ Zeynep
Published: October 2018

Resmi rakamlara göre, 2018

yılı itibariyle, Türkiye'de üç buçuk milyonu aşkın Suriyeli göçmen bulunmaktadır

ve Türkiye en fazla Suriyeli göçmen barındıran ülke konumundadır. Türkiye’de

şehir merkezlerine yerleşmiş olan Suriyeli ailelerin bireyleri yetersiz barınma

ve çalışma koşulları ile birlikte, günlük yaşamlarında iletişim sorunları ve

yeni yerleşmiş oldukları kente adaptasyon problemleri yaşamaktadır. Evlerinden

uzak, yeni bir yaşam inşa etme sürecinde, gelecek kaygısı içinde yaşayan

Suriyeli ailelerin çocuk olan bireyleri için de durum farklı değildir. Çalışmada,

yoğun şekilde Suriye’den göç almış illerden biri olan Mersin ili kent merkezine

yerleşmiş beş Suriyeli anne ve onların çocukları ile nitel görüşmeler

gerçekleştirilmiştir. Suriye’den Türkiye’ye zorunlu göç etmek durumunda kalmış

olan Suriyeli ailelerin çocuklarının aile, okul, arkadaşlık ilişkilerine ve ev

algılarına ilişkin ambivalans duyguları ve deneyimleri, ilişkisel sosyolojik

bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, Suriyeli

çocukların aile ve sosyal ilişkilerinde pasif alıcılar konumunda olmadıklarını

ve ailelerinin baş etme stratejilerini artırma, kardeşlerini destekleme,

ebeveynlerine Türkçe öğretme ve ailenin sosyal ağlarını ve etkileşimlerini

genişletme konularında aktif rol aldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. 
Cultural practices before and during pregnancy: example of Turkey
Authors: Sahin Ezgi , Hotun Sahin Nevin
Published: October 2018

Having children is a substantial part of cultural identity in our society. From past till now, various customs, traditions and beliefs have been applied, especially during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy period in Anatolia. Some of them are still in practice and effective. However, all these practices to have children are applied generally to women, and there are few practices applied on men regarding the elimination of infertility because women are regarded as responsible for not having children in Anatolia. In this compilation, the traditional beliefs and practices applied before and during pregnancy in Anatolia are explained. National and international articles on this subject are analysed by using keywords in Google academic database. As a result, it is found that some practices negatively affect both the mother’s and child’s health. So, awareness on this subject should be raised, unhealthy practices and beliefs should be discussed and changed, and beneficial ones should be supported.Keywords: Traditional practices, intercultural nursing, traditional beliefs, pregnancy, culture.
Diseases affecting wheat: Septoria tritici blotch
Authors:   USDA-ARS, USA, Goodwin S. B.
Published: October 2018

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is one of the most common and economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. This chapter evaluates various methods of disease management, considering the key developments of recent decades, the major challenges encountered and the future trajectory of this work. Fungicides have been the primary means of disease management since the 1980s, but resistance has rendered some compounds ineffective. Qualitative or quantitative resistance genes have now been found on all 21 wheat chromosomes, giving a rich but complex source of genes for plant improvement. Molecular markers are now available for many resistance genes making marker-assisted selection for increased resistance an achievable goal for the future. The first STB resistance gene has now been cloned, but the mechanism of resistance remains a mystery. Despite the huge progress made during the past twenty years, STB remains a destructive disease that is likely to require substantial future efforts for its control.
Diseases affecting wheat and barley: powdery mildew
Authors:   University of Zürich, Switzerland, Sánchez-Martín Javier , Bourras Salim ,   University of Zürich, Switzerland, Keller Beat ,   University of Zürich, Switzerland
Published: October 2018

Powdery mildew pathogens are among the most important cereal disease-causing organisms, and can result in significant losses in yield and reductions in grain quality. They pose a significant challenge for barley and wheat agricultural production systems. This chapter aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on wheat and barley resistance to powdery mildew. First, we introduce basic biological concepts on disease epidemiology and management strategies which target mildew. We then present emerging trends and technologies used in mildew resistance breeding and research and discuss how these could be combined into effective disease management strategies in the near future. Finally, we propose additional directions for achieving durable resistance based on deep understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of cereal-mildew interactions.
Diseases affecting wheat: Septoria nodorum blotch
Authors:   Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway, Ruud A. K. , Lillemo M. ,   Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
Published: October 2018

Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is an important disease affecting wheat in many of its production areas around the world, and is caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. Breeding for SNB resistance has been hampered by the polygenic and quantitative nature of the resistance, and the farmers often have to rely on fungicides to control the disease. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the P. nodorum–wheat pathosystem. Several host-specific interactions between necrotrophic effectors (NEs) and host sensitivity (Snn) genes have been identified and play major roles in SNB seedling resistance. Some of the NEs have been cloned and can be used to screen breeding material at the seedling stage. This chapter provides an overview of the molecular understanding of host–pathogen interactions, progress in understanding the genetics of host resistance and use of molecular markers and effector screening as promising tools in resistance breeding for this challenging disease.
Challenges and prospects for fungicidal control of wheat diseases
Authors:   BASF SE, Germany, Bryson R. J. , Brix H-D. ,   BASF SE, Germany
Published: October 2018

As one of the world’s ‘big three’ cereal crops, wheat has a highly significant role to play in global food security, and therefore the prevention and management of diseases affecting wheat is of paramount importance. In this chapter, we consider the current status of global wheat production, the impact of crop loss on food security and the emergence of the current regulatory environment surrounding pesticides. We then discuss the current status of the global fungicide market, and some of the major issues in its future longevity: the development of resistance to active ingredients, the impact of legislation that may restrict or remove active ingredients from the market and the rising costs of developing new active ingredients. As a result, the highly risk-averse European regulatory environment is in danger of severely limiting innovation, and an integrated agronomic approach is necessary if we are to achieve global food security.
The role of crop rotation, intercropping and tillage practices for foliar disease management of wheat and barley
Authors:   Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada, Turkington T. K. , Xi K. ,   Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Canada, Kutcher H. R. ,   University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Published: October 2018

The great majority of modern agro-ecosystems comprise rotations of a small number of crop species where each year’s crop is a genetically uniform monoculture. The narrow genetic basis for disease resistance in modern cultivars increases the potential for pathogens to overcome this resistance and attack a large number of plants at a similar state of development. In this chapter, we present a number of strategies for limiting foliar disease development in wheat and barley. We discuss how crop rotations with non-cereal species can substantially reduce inoculum sources for residue-borne cereal leaf diseases. Further strategies, such as intercropping, gene deployment and conversation tillage, are then presented, with discussion of the effectiveness of each strategy against particular foliar diseases. It is concluded that there is potential for residue-borne cereal leaf diseases to be managed under conservation tillage via crop rotation, fungicide application and careful choice of variety.
The contract-of-employment test renewed. A Scandinavian approach to platform work
Authors: Jenum Hotvedt Marianne
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Platform work blurs the scope of labour law and challenges the contract-of-employment test, threatening effective labour law protection. This article analyses this challenge from a Scandinavian perspective, where the contract-of-employment tests share common features and where a core common challenge is the ambiguous nature of worker freedom: When does the freedom to choose tasks and hours indicate autonomy and when does it indicate (extreme) precarity?As the criteria guiding the test leave this issue unresolved, the article argues that a renewal is required and suggests how it can be achieved. The purposive approach rooted in Scandinavian jurisprudence allows for both an individual and a market perspective, and provides a basis for a careful renewal of the test. The article concludes by suggesting new –or updated– criteria guiding the contract-of-employment test when dealing with platform work.Keywords: platform work, crowdwork, contract of employment, concept of employee.
Hyperuricemia and Gout in Orthopaedics
Authors: Meller Menachem , Epstein Alan , Meller Aaron Y. , Osmani Feroz A. , Parekh Amit , Chuang Donald , Gonzalez Mark
Published: October 2018

* Destructive gouty arthritis has been shown to be a multifactorial disease demonstrating variability in its manifestations.

* Physicians must be prepared to navigate a complicated treatment algorithm ranging from numerous nonoperative therapies to operative intervention.

* If a patient is treated properly from the time of diagnosis, a surgical procedure should rarely be necessary.
Laboratory Evaluation of Different Modes of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding for Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Al-Otaibi Fawaz M. , Zhou Xianmin , Kokal Sunil L.
Published: October 2018

Field application of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) miscible flooding continues to grow. Optimization of sc-CO2 injection during miscible-flooding modes represents one of the dominant factors affecting its performance in carbonate oil reservoirs. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different modes of sc-CO2 miscible injection on oil recovery and injectivity in carbonate rocks. Several modes of sc-CO2 injection were investigated, including continuous CO2 miscible flooding, water-alternating-gas (WAG), and tapered-WAG injection. Five coreflooding experiments were conducted to evaluate oil recovery for different modes of sc-CO2 injection under reservoir conditions. Composite cores of 25-cm length from a specific, producing carbonate reservoir were used in the study. Both horizontal- and vertical-coreflooding experiments of continuous-sc-CO2-injection mode were performed to compare oil recovery and injectivity during sc-CO2 flooding. Horizontal-coreflooding experiments under WAG mode were performed at pore pressures of 3,200 and 3,800 psi.

The experimental results indicate that tertiary oil recovery was influenced significantly by different sc-CO2-injection modes and the direction of displacement. Original oil in cores was recovered at 18.4 and 26.74% for horizontal and vertical experiments of continuous-sc-CO2-injection modes, respectively. In horizontal-WAG experiments with different pore pressures, higher oil recovery was observed at a pore pressure of 3,800 psi compared with 3,200 psi. The marginal increase in incremental oil recovery indicates that pressure increase beyond 3,200 psi will not have a significant effect. The injectivity of different sc-CO2-injection modes is reported in this paper.
Binafuxi Granules in the treatment of common cold with heat syndrome based on traditional Uighur medicine: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mao Bing , Min Jie , She Bin , Zhang Xin , Chen Yan
Published: October 2018

Background

Common cold is a highly prevalent illness with significant impact on society and health care. Common cold with heat syndrome (CCHS) is one of most common type based on traditional Uighur medicine (TUM) syndrome differentiation, which is widely used in Central Asia. This study is designed to explore the efficacy, safety and optimal therapeutic dosage of Binafuxi Granules in treating CCHS.

Methods

This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. A total of 240 patients will be recruited from 5 centers across China and randomly assigned to the high-dose group, low-dose group or placebo control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All subjects will receive test drugs twice daily for 3 days. The primary outcome is the time to fever relief. Secondary outcomes include the time to fever clearance, duration of primary symptoms and each symptom, change in TUM symptom score.

Discussion

This is the first placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial for a Uighur medicine in treating common cold. It will provide robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of Binafuxi Granules in the treatment of CCHS.

Trial registration

The registration number is ChiCTR-IIR-17013379, which was assigned by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 14 November 2017.
Comparison of Root System Morphology of Cucurbit Rootstocks for Use in Watermelon Grafting
Authors: Bertucci Matthew B. , Suchoff David H. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Gunter Christopher C. , Schultheis Jonathan R. , Louws Frank J.
Published: October 2018

Grafting of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an established production practice that provides resistance to soilborne diseases or tolerance to abiotic stresses. Watermelon may be grafted on several cucurbit species (interspecific grafting); however, little research exists to describe root systems of these diverse rootstocks. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare root system morphology of nine commercially available cucurbit rootstocks, representing four species: pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), squash (Cucurbita pepo), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and an interspecific hybrid squash (C. maxima × C. moschata). Rootstocks were grafted with a triploid watermelon scion (‘Exclamation’), and root systems were compared with nongrafted (NG) and self-grafted (SG) ‘Exclamation’. Plants were harvested destructively at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplant (WAT), and data were collected on scion dry weight, total root length (TRL), average root diameter, root surface area, root:shoot dry-weight ratio, root diameter class proportions, and specific root length. For all response variables, the main effect of rootstock and rootstock species was significant (P < 0.05). The main effect of harvest was significant (P < 0.05) for all response variables, with the exception of TRL proportion in diameter class 2. ‘Ferro’ rootstock produced the largest TRL and root surface area, with observed values 122% and 120% greater than the smallest root system (‘Exclamation’ SG), respectively. Among rootstock species, pumpkin produced the largest TRL and root surface area, with observed values 100% and 82% greater than those of watermelon, respectively. These results demonstrate that substantial differences exist during the initial 3 WAT in root system morphology of rootstocks and rootstock species available for watermelon grafting and that morphologic differences of root systems can be characterized using image analysis.
The Role of Stylistic Dissonance in Alla Y. Frolova’s Russian Translation of J. Austen's Novel "Sense and Sensibility". Part 2
Authors: Bobyleva T. V.
Published: October 2018

The paper features the 3rd category of the classification introduced by the author in her previous article "The Role of Stylistic Dissonance in Alla Y. Frolova’s Russian Translation of J. Austen’s "Sense and Sensibility". Part 1". The author analyzes the relevance of stylistic dissonance in the Russian translation of "Sense and Sensibility", published in 2013 under the title "Разум и чувство" (pronounced as [razum i chuvstvo], which literally means "Reason and Feeling"). The 1st stage of the research revealed the following categories of the phenomenon: 1) it conveys (or create) comic effects and irony; 2) it serves to adapt the novel to the linguistic worldview, tastes and preferences of the modern audience; 3) translation and editing mistakes. The present article represents the 2nd part of the research and examines the 3rd category. The phenomenon of stylistic dissonance is revealed to have both positive and negative impacts on the text, which are described in the conclusion. The analysis is a part of a larger research that focuses on Russian and French full-text translations of J. Austen’s novel.
Transformation of the Domestic Economy in 1990–1995 in Altai Region
Authors: Radonova A. N.
Published: October 2018

: In 1990–1995, Russia experienced a transition period from totalitarianism to democratic social and political system, formed a civil society based on the freedom of the people and the recognition of the priority of human rights by the state. The transition to market relations set a lot of challenges, including social security issues. Hence, the development of the social sphere maintained its priority during the whole period of economic reform. The current state of the socio-economic development of Altai region was shaped by the failure to implement the reforms on its territory in1990–1995.

The author found out that the main difficulties of the transition period were caused by the generalized statistical indicators of certain sectors of the economy of the region in the post-soviet period.

The change in economic development indicators of the local productive forces in 1990–1995 was connected with the globalization of socio-economic relations and favorable changes in the social sphere. The reforms focused on the normalization of the residents really contributed to the solution of their social problems.
The Development of the Tourist-Excursion Sphere in Kazan in the First Half of the ХХ Century
Authors: Shoronina L. N.
Published: October 2018

The study features the main stages of the tourist-excursion sphere development in Kazanin the first half of the XX century. The research is focused on the issues of the first educational excursions and their organization, compiling the first guidebooks and collections of Kazansites. The author presents examples of the first methodological works on tours around the city, the Kremlin, thematic and panoramic tours with descriptions of sights. The article features the objectives and tasks of the first Kazantourist-excursion societies and organizations. The author describes the main directions of the tourist-excursion business, analyzes the sources and literature of the period in question, and dwells upon the issues of tourist-excursion business development in Kazan. The research involves the sources from the Republicof Tatarstan National Archive, the first reference books and guidebooks around Kazan, as well as methodological works published in the 1920s–1930s.

The author studied the theoretical basis of tourist-excursion activity in Kazan, the issues of mass tourism origin and excursion business development and the propagandist and conceptual aspects of tourist movement. Special attention is paid to the inherent ideological orientation of the tourist-excursion sphere, based on the propaganda of ideas and achievements of theUSSR.

The research attempts to show that the tourist-excursion sphere became a significant part of socio-cultural activity in the first half of the XX century. Tourist trips and excursions helped to solve the tasks related to increasing the cultural level of the population.

The development of tourist-excursion organizations included several stages. In the 1920s–1930s, the organizational-centralization stage of tourism development began inKazan; the system of tourist-excursion service started to form.

The article highlights the appearance of the new forms of tourist movement, for instance, research of new routes and study of new venues.Kazantourists participated in trips to the sites of military and revolutionary glory, in All-Russia search trips. The article also touches upon the issue of educational significance of tourism and excursions for schoolchildren and youth.

It was in the first half of the XX century that tourist sections in Pioneers’ Houses appeared, as well as children’s tourist stations, excursions for schoolchildren and youth. The work also analyzes the drawbacks in the tourist-excursion sphere in the studied period. However, that period was an important stage of tourism development in Kazan and the Republic as a whole.

The content and results of this article can be used in history ofRussiaand tourism courses.
The Oral Health Team in the Family Health Strategy: Trajectories and Challenges
Authors: Colodette Renata Maria , Moreira Tiago Ricardo , Gomes Andréia Patrícia , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to review literature focused on the introduction of Brazilian oral healthcare service models, incorporation of Oral Health Teams (OHTs) within the Family Health Strategy (FHS), changes occurring in the work process of the professionals that make up OHTs, difficulties for successful implementation of this new healthcare model and impacts on indicators of oral health.

Methods:

A review of the literature was conducted through an electronic consultation of the Pubmed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases published between 2001 and 2016, using a combination of descriptors. We selected 44 studies for review.

Results:

Oral healthcare in Brazil evolved from exclusionary and curative models to those aimed at prevention and promotion of health. The increase in government resources dedicated to oral healthcare in Brazil represented an improvement in access to dental treatment, however, some studies demonstrated that OHTs within the FHS still operate by the traditional curative models.

Conclusion:

Lack of proper planning for hiring OHTs and precariousness of their work contracts were also reported. The need for better managerial planning for implementation of OHTs within the scope of the FHS was demonstrated.
Modern Innovative Solutions to Improve Outcomes in Severe Asthma: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Observational Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in MISSION Versus Current Care Delivery
Authors: Roberts Claire , Lanning Eleanor , Fogg Carole , Bassett Paul , Hughes Alison , Chauhan Anoop J
Published: October 2018

Background

Asthma that is poorly controlled and undertreated can progress to more severe disease that is associated with high levels of unscheduled care that requires high-cost therapy, leading to a significant health economic burden. The identification and appropriate referral to a specialist asthma service is also often delayed by several months or years because of poor recognition and understanding of symptom severity. Current severe asthma services may take several months to provide a comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment, often necessitating multiple hospital visits and costing up to £5000 per patient.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate whether a new service model could identify poorly controlled and potentially severe asthma much earlier in the patient pathway, and then compare clinical outcomes between this new care model with standard care.

Methods

Modern Innovative Solutions to Improve Outcomes in (MISSION) Severe Asthma is a novel service model developed by asthma specialists from Portsmouth and Southampton severe asthma services. MISSION Severe Asthma identified patients with poorly controlled disease from general practice databases who had not been under secondary outpatient care in the last 12 months or who were not known to secondary care. In 1- or 2-stop assessments, a thorough review of diagnosis, disease phenotype, and control is undertaken, and clinical outcomes collected at baseline.

Results

A variety of clinical outcomes will be collected to assess the service model. The results will be reported in February 2020.

Conclusions

This protocol outlines a mixed methods study to assess the impact on disease control, unscheduled health care usage, and quality of life in patients seen in the MISSION clinic compared with a closely matched cohort who declined to attend.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/9585
Conocimientos en estudiantes de medicina sobre prevención de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud
Authors: Ticse Ray , Hinostroza Carlos , Wong Marcos , Martínez Odilón
Published: October 2018

Introducción: Tener conocimientos sobre prevención y control de las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de los Servicios de Salud (IAAS) es un factor decisivo para los estudiantes de medicina, siendo estos el grupo más vulnerable de adquirirlos o a ser un elemento generador de estas infecciones; sin embargo, se evidencia conocimiento insuficiente sobre estas medidas o la no correlación con la práctica.

Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento de los estudiantes que inician y terminan el último año de la carrera de medicina (internado) respecto a prevención y control de infecciones asociadas a la atención de los servicios de salud.

Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó 216 estudiantes del último año de medicina de la Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado en el periodo 2016-2017. Se aplicó una encuesta por vía electrónica que previamente fue validada por la prueba de Crombach y el método de dos mitades por la fórmula de Sperman-Brown.

Resultados: De una muestra de 216 participantes, el 84,72% conocía la medida básica de higiene respiratoria, solo el 15,28% conoce el tiempo mínimo necesario para el lavado de manos. Por otro lado, solo el 48,15% se lava las manos antes y después del contacto con el paciente. El 68,98% conoce que puede reusar la mascarilla N95 si es guardada en una bolsa plática sellada; asimismo, la mayoría reconoce a los objetos personales como fómite. Además, se evidenció mayor conocimiento en los que recién terminaron el internado en los temas de higiene respiratoria y uso de la mascarilla N95. Finalmente, se obtuvieron valores aceptables en los test de validación del instrumento utilizado.

Conclusiones: Los conocimientos sobre la prevención y control de las IASS en los estudiantes del último año de medicina, no están acorde a lo recomendado.
Impacto de un modelo pedagógico constructivista apoyado con TIC para desarrollar competencias en medicina
Authors: Huerta Ramírez Saúl , Castro Serna David , Paniagua Pérez Angélica , Melchor López Alberto
Published: October 2018

Introducción: Muchas universidades que imparten la carrera de medicina han desarrollado planes de estudio y métodos de evaluación bajo un enfoque por competencias.Los modelos de enseñanza en las aulas no han evolucionado a la par de estos planes, pues se observa un predominio de los modelos pedagógicos tradicionales. Por tal motivo, es necesario proponer nuevos métodos de enseñanza de la medicina que aprovechen la tecnología disponible y evaluar el impacto que estas nuevas estrategias tienen en el desarrollo de las competencias académicas.

Objetivo: proponer y evaluar el impacto que tiene un modelo pedagógico constructivista apoyado por las TIC (tecnologías de la información y comunicación) en el logro de competencias en medicina y compararlo con el modelo tradicional.

Método: 35 estudiantes de la carrera de médico cirujano de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM y de la Universidad Justo Sierra (JS) que cursaron la materia de geriatría en un hospital de 2o nivel, fueron divididos en 2 grupos para cursar una unidad temática bajo un modelo de enseñanza tradicional (MT) o bajo un modelo constructivista apoyado por las TIC (MCAT). Al final se midió el logro de 5 competencias académicas en ambos grupos.

Resultados: El grupo que llevó el modelo tradicional (MT) se conformó con 17 estudiantes y el grupo que cursó con el modelo constructivista apoyado por las TIC (MCAT) con 18 estudiantes. En la competencia “toma de decisiones”, “resolución de problemas” e “historia clínica” hubo diferencia significativa en el grado de competencias alcanzadas a favor de los que cursaron con el MCAT (p<0.05). En la competencia “razonamiento clínico” y “conocimiento” no hubo diferencia en el grado de competencias alcanzadas entre los dos modelos.

Conclusiones: Utilizando un modelo de enseñanza constructivista apoyado por las TIC los estudiantes desarrollan niveles más altos de competencias en “toma de decisiones”, “resolución de problemas” e “historia clínica”.
Conocimiento sobre infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria en docentes de una universidad venezolana
Authors: Guevara Armando , Cuesta Carlos , Hernández Mauricio , Tedesco-Maiullari Rosa , Gascón Cheila
Published: October 2018

Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria (IAAS) representan un problema de salud pública. La formación adecuada de los futuros profesionales es clave para poder prevenirlas y controlarlas, por tanto es perentorio contar con docentes preparados para tal fin.

Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento sobre las IAAS y su prevención que poseen los docentes de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud “Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta” de la Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela.

Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal con diseño de campo donde se incluyó a 90 docentes de las carreras de Medicina (50), Licenciatura en Bioanálisis (16) y Licenciatura en Enfermería (24) mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se aplicó una encuesta para investigar conocimientos sobre tres áreas específicas: conocimientos generales sobre IAAS, precauciones estándar e higiene de manos.

Resultados: El 67.8% de los encuestados fue del sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue 46.9 años (DS ±10.4; rango: 25-72). El puntaje promedio en la encuesta fue de 18.08 puntos, por encima del promedio necesario para aprobar la misma. El 66.67% de los encuestados aprobó la encuesta. Se encontró que los docentes manejan los conceptos básicos sobre las precauciones estándar pero no sobre las generalidades de las IAAS, ni de higiene de manos donde el desempeño fue deficiente.

Conclusiones: Los docentes tienen conocimientos adecuados sobre las IAAS y su prevención. Sin embargo, presentan deficiencias en aspectos puntuales como en generalidades sobre las IAAS, el uso adecuado de los guantes e higiene de manos.
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico mediante la simulación de alta fidelidad con estudiantes de medicina
Authors: López Cabrera Mildred Vanessa , Segura-Azuara Nancy de los Ángeles , Valencia Castro Johanna Lizbeth
Published: October 2018

Introducción: El pensamiento crítico explora las causas y consecuencias de las acciones que conllevan la generación de conocimiento, esto es de vital importancia para la formación de profesionales de salud. Una estrategia comúnmente usada para su desarrollo es la simulación clínica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la simulación clínica desarrolla el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de medicina.

Método: Es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y cuasiexperimental, en el que participaron 51 alumnos, se utilizó como instrumento el Cuestionario de Competencias Genéricas Individuales para evaluar el pensamiento crítico en tres dimensiones: Interpretación y análisis de la información; Juicio de una situación específica con datos objetivos y subjetivos; e Inferencia de las consecuencias de la decisión basándose en el juicio autorregulado. Se diseñaron y aplicaron dos casos: insuficiencia renal aguda y glomerulonefritis. Como parte del análisis se utilizó la prueba t-student así como estadística descriptiva.

Resultados: Al comparar la media general obtenida en la competencia de pensamiento crítico, se obtuvo una t-student de 0.1549, lo cual indica con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, que las medias no tienen una diferencia significativa. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar las medias por dimensión.

Conclusiones: La evidencia de este estudio indica que la simulación no desarrolla las habilidades del pensamiento crítico. Una de las explicaciones para la poca diferencia entre los resultados del pre y post-test fue el poco tiempo que transcurrió entre la primera y la segunda aplicación del cuestionario. A futuro, esta experiencia se repetirá dejando más tiempo entre las evaluaciones, lo cual permitirá una visualización más cercana al desarrollo de la misma en los estudiantes.
Estrategias de difusión del Programa Institucional de Tutoría a estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM
Authors: Sampieri Cabrera Raúl
Published: October 2018

Sr. Editor:En relación al artículo “La tutoría como proceso que fortalece el desarrollo y crecimiento personal del alumno”, coincido con los autores en la “Percepción del tutor acerca de cómo toma el alumno la tutoría para el desarrollo y crecimiento personal”, en donde los estudiantes no tienen una idea clara de la labor del tutor y confunden ésta con asesorías de asignaturas. Aquí hay un punto muy importante a desarrollar: la necesidad de difundir las actividades del Programa Institucional de Tutorías (PIT) y los objetivos que se quieren lograr, que son muy claros en los tutores, pero no es así en los estudiantes, lo que genera confusión. Creo muy importante que los estudiantes conozcan el PIT y cuáles son los beneficios de pertenecer a él, esto se puede lograr con acciones concretas de identificación de la labor tutoral, el uso de vídeos en donde se explique qué es y para qué sirve el PIT, y una campaña en redes sociales para que los estudiantes se motiven a cercarse a los programas institucionales y sepan cómo pueden contribuir al logro de sus metas académicas.
Las revistas de educación médica en el mundo: ¿podríamos hacer equipo?
Authors: Sánchez Mendiola Melchor
Published: October 2018

El torbellino del trabajo cotidiano complica que apliquemos en nuestra práctica lo que generalmente decimos a los estudiantes: “deben ser reflexivos, críticos, tolerantes, resilientes, asertivos, creativos, innovadores” y un largo etcétera. El trabajo clínico, docente y de investigación es muy absorbente, lo que aunado a la vida personal, familiar y social de cada quién, hace difícil que los atributos mencionados cristalicen en hechos concretos en nuestro día a día.
Investigación traslacional en ciencias de la salud: implicaciones educativas y retos
Authors: Hernández-Carrillo Flora , Campillo Labrandero Magda , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo brinda una aproximación a la Investigación Traslacional (InvTras) en las ciencias de la salud. Se realizó una revisión histórica de los últimos años, así como de sus relaciones con la investigación aplicada, la investigación basada en evidencias, las ciencias de la implementación y la innovación-transferencia de conocimientos y tecnologías. La InvTras en medicina y educación se encuentran estrechamente vinculadas al realimentarse y encontrar terreno fértil en la educación médica. Se diseñó una guía didáctica (plantilla) para el análisis de artículos o estudios que articulan a la investigación básica con las diferentes fases de la investigación traslacional, a través de los siguientes elementos: 1) Introducción al estudio, 2) Análisis de problemática, 3) Investigación básica, 4) Investigación traslacional, 5) Mecanismos de traslación y 6) Evaluación y diseminación de resultados. La información que deriva de este tipo de plantillas, así como otros recursos o estrategias pedagógicas, pueden contribuir a la actualización e innovación de aspectos educativos en salud y otras ciencias, tales como innovaciones en el curriculum, la investigación, la evaluación y la carrera académica o profesional de las instituciones educativas superior. La InvTras ha impulsado diversas iniciativas institucionales y académicas en diferentes países tales como consorcios, centros de investigación y publicaciones que enfatizan el trabajo interdisciplinario y la riqueza que brinda la inclusión de métodos cuantitativos, cualitativos y mixtos. Por ello, entre sus retos está desarrollar o vincular modelos o herramientas que favorezcan el trabajo colaborativo entre investigadores y comunidad, el adecuado manejo de datos fraudulentos y la formación y evaluación de egresados con una clara visión de conectar la ciencia con la práctica. La InvTras señala la necesidad de poner en diálogo los avances de diferentes disciplinas para que de manera articulada trabajen en función de los beneficios de las comunidades y las sociedades.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SULAM BAYANG
Authors: Marlius Doni , Putra Rino Dwi
Published: October 2018

This research was conducted using descriptive method to analyze and interpret the condition or condition of shadow embroidery industry barung barung balantai so that policy can be taken. The result of this research is shadow embroidery artisans must maximize social media for promotion, improve good relationship with local government in the form of continuous cooperation in order to maximize the existing potential in the shadow embroidery, utilize existing skilled manpower to do the coaching on the craftsmen so that the amount increases to increase production capacity and there is cutting time in the work, cooperating with other industries that support shadow embroidery such as bags, shoes, etc. through local government, making a joint container or a kind of shadow embroidery union can be a cooperative institution, marketing institutions or other institutions, increasing skill of craftsmen in processing materials embroidery and skill from the owner in managing his group facing competition with other products, as well as increasing the use of technology in the design and development of motives.

Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menganalisis dan menginterprestasikan keadaan atau kondisi industri sulam bayangan barung barung balantai sehingga dapat diambil kebijakan. Hasil penelitian ini pengrajin sulam bayangan harus memaksimalkan media sosial untuk promosi, meningkatkan hubungan baik dengan pemerintah daerah berupa kerjasama yang kontinue guna memaksimalkan potensi yang ada pada sulam bayangan, memanfaatkan tenaga terampil yang ada untuk melakukan pembinaan pada pengrajin sehingga jumlahnya bertambah agar kapasitas produksi meningkat dan ada pemangkasan waktu dalam pengerjaan, menjalin kerjasama dengan industri lain yang mendukung sulam bayangan seperti tas, sepatu, dll melalui pemerintah daerah, membuat wadah bersama atau semacam persatuan sulam bayangan bisa berupa lembaga koperasi, lembaga pemasaran ataupun lembaga lainnya, meningkatkan skill pengrajin dalam mengolah bahan sulam dan skill dari pemilik dalam mengelola kelompoknya menghadapi persaingan dengan produk lain, serta meningkatkan penggunaan teknologi dalam desain dan pengembangan motif.
Positive group affective tone and employee work engagement: A multilevel investigation
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Zhang Nan , Qiu Yang
Published: October 2018

We investigated the impact of positive group affective tone on employee work engagement. Participants in the study were 74 research and development groups (324 employees and 74 group leaders) employed by high-technology companies in China. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed
a positive cross-level relationship between positive group affective tone and employee work engagement; this relationship was partially mediated by employee core self-evaluation. In addition, there was a positive relationship between leader psychological capital and positive group affective
tone at the group level. We further found that leader psychological capital was a moderator between employee core self-evaluation and their work engagement, such that the positive association was stronger when leader psychological capital was high than when it was low. Implications for organizational
and individual change are described, and recommendations for future research directions are discussed.
The Influence of Consumer Mindset and Corporate Social Responsility on Purchase Intention
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Mao Lijing , Deng Wenxiang
Published: October 2018

We examined the influence of mindset on consumers when they are deciding whether or not to purchase products on the basis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) considerations. We conducted 3 experiments in which 294 participants filled out a survey about their purchase decisions.
The results showed that companies' CSR effectively promoted consumers' purchase intention. In addition, a global mindset increased CSR-based purchase intention, whereas a local mindset weakened purchase intention. The effect of purchase intention on consumers' mindset was shown through colors:
Red stimulated consumers' local mindset and reduced their CSR-based purchase intention, whereas blue stimulated their global mindset and enhanced their CSR-based purchase intention. Thus, we recommend that marketing staff use colors to manipulate consumers' mindset during CSR-based purchase
decision making.
Changes in systemic inflammatory and nasal mucociliary response following smoking cessation
Authors: SOLAK İbrahim , MARAKOGLU Kamile , PEKGOR Selma , KARGİN Nisa Cetin , GEDERET Yavuz Turgut , ALATAS Necat , ERYİLMAZ Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2018

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the changes
both in the systemic inflammation and in the mucociliary clearance following
smoking cessation, and their associations with smoking characteristics.Methods: A total of 30 cases admitted to Konya Training and
Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Department of Smoking
Cessation were recruited, and 27 of them completed the study. Tumor necrosis
factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and saccharin
transit time (STT) was measuredat the beginning and 2 months after smoking
cessation.Results: We found in this study that STT decreased significantly
in 2 months after cessation (p<0.001). In our study, we found that serum
TNF-α (p=0.035) and IL-8 (p=0.002) levels were decreased significantly at 2
months after quitting when compared with the basal levels. In our study, serum
IL-6 (p=0.132) and IL-10 (p=0.657) levels did not change significantly in the
2nd month of quitting, when compared to basal levels.Conclusion: In this study, two months after smoking cessation,
nasal mucosal clearance and systemic inflammatory response especially plasma
TNF- α and IL-8 levels were improved. We think that further studies with larger
sample size and longer follow-up will provide more detailed data about the
improvements in systemic inflammation.
Factors Associated With Successful Research Departments
Authors: Liaw Winston , Eden Aimee , Coffman Megan , Nagaraj Meera , Bazemore Andrew
Published: October 2018

Background and Objectives: Inadequate resources have led to family medicine research divisions at varying stages of development. The purpose of this analysis was to identify the factors that family medicine research “bright spot” departments perceive to be crucial to their success.
Methods: In this qualitative analysis, we identified bright spot dimensions and used a snowball sampling approach to identify medical school-based departments considered to be research bright spots. With 16 leaders from eight departments, we conducted semistructured interviews, covering historical events, leadership, partnerships, mentors, faculty selection, and training. We recorded and transcribed interviews and used a template-driven approach to data analysis, iteratively defining and modifying codes. At least two reviewers independently coded each interview, and coding discrepancies were discussed until consensus was reached.
Results: We identified the following themes: (1) Leadership was committed to research; (2) Research was built around teams of researchers; (3) Interdisciplinary teams facilitated by partnerships allowed the department to tackle complex problems; (4) The convergence of researchers and clinicians ensured that the research was relevant to family medicine; (5) Departments had cultures that engendered trust, leading to effective collaboration; (6) These teams were composed of intrinsically motivated individuals supported by mentorship and resources; (7) When deciding which questions to pursue, departments balanced the question’s alignment with the individual researcher’s passion, relevance to family medicine, and fundability.
Conclusions: A commitment to research from an engaged chair, partnerships, integrating front-line clinicians, and supporting intrinsically motivated individuals were important for bright spots. Applying these concepts may be an important strategy for generating knowledge.