bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHOD FOR FORMING BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
Authors: Dragan Sergey P. , Veselovsky Igor A. , Komarov Dmitriy B. , Bogomolov Aleksey V.
Published: January 2024

Background. The solution of a number of applied problems requires extrapolation of the medical and biological effects of exposure to extreme physical factors from animals on humans based on the results of experimental studies of the behavioral reactions of animals under the influence of such factors. The specificity of such studies is the need for preliminary formation of the necessary behavioral responses in a large group of laboratory animals, which requires significant time costs.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to reduce the time of formation of behavioral reactions in laboratory animals during experimental studies.

Materials and methods. The experimental setup consists of five vertically located functionally independent identical three-beam (Y-shaped) radial labyrinths with an electric field, sensors for recording animal movements, generators of sound and light stimuli, and a control unit. The animal can move freely within all three rays. During the experiment, the time of the animal’s transition from the dangerous (starting) arm to the safe (target) arm and the number of erroneous actions performed in this case are automatically recorded. The number and duration of cycles and series of the experiment is set by software, which allows you to adjust the start time of the experiment autonomously, without the participation of the operator. To test the operability of the installation, a series of experiments was carried out to teach rats the reaction of active avoidance in the maze, white outbred mature male rats weighing 160-180 g in the amount of 50 individuals were used.

Results. At the initial stage of training (during two weeks), the rats developed a current avoidance reflex. During the first week of training, the probability of achieving the goal increased from 0.64 to 0.85. In the second week of training, the probability of achieving the goal was 0.85-0.95. In the first week of training, the average time to reach the goal (time to go to the safe sleeve) decreased from 9 to 7 s. In the second week, the time to reach the goal decreased to 5-6 s. On the second week of training, some rats began to perform the task (to avoid the action of the current) before it was turned on, that is, in less than 5 s. The number of erroneous actions in the second week also decreased. For three weeks of continuous training, 30 animals with a stable behavioral skill (probability of correct action 0.45-0.50) were selected, with a time expenditure of 4 hours per day for autonomous (without the participation of the experimenter) training.

Conclusion. The developed technology has demonstrated the possibility of effective training of a large group of animals in a relatively short period of time. A distinctive feature of the developed hardware and software complex is the possibility of implementing screening studies to study key indicators of operator functions with the possibility of autonomous operation of the experimental setup.
THE USE OF GENOTYPING TO SELECT DESIRED-TYPE ANIMALS
Authors: Surov Alexander I. , Chumachenko Svetlana N. , Omarov Arslan A. , Karpova Ekaterina D. , Evlagina Darya D. , Chernobai Evgeny N. , Efimova Nina I. , Bobryshov Sergey S.
Published: January 2024

Modern sheep breeding should be based on the production of high quality sheep products. Knowing the limits of animal productivity potential allows to manage the breeding process in the most effective way. Applying PCR-RFLP method makes it possible to identify allelic variants of genes associated with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of animals. By identifying different polymorphic variations and their phenotypic manifestations, one can create and replenish a database for managing the genetic progression of breeding-significant traits.

The paper determines the gene polymorphism of growth hormone (GH), calpastatin (CAST) and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) of experimental animals and reflects an associative connection between the dynamics of growth and that of development of crossbred one-shear sheep of different origin (Russian meat merino ewes and imported producers). The article concludes that in order to increase sheep meat productivity, farms should give preference to animals carrying genes with the identified desired genotype on the studied polymorphisms and take into account their presence in the breeding process.
POSTULATION OF YR RESISTANCE GENES TO STRIPE RUST IN 12 COMMERCIAL WHEAT CULTIVARS OF RUSSIAN BREEDING
Authors: Matveeva Irina P. , Volkova Galina V. , Kim Yury S. , Yakhnik Yana V.
Published: January 2024

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a common wheat disease of economic importance in all world wheat production regions. In most of the regions stripe rust causes yield losses of 10-70 %, depending on the time infection occur, host susceptibility, disease development, and the duration of the epidemics. In South Russia even in unfavourable conditions for the pathogen, stripe rust occurred in the region every year, and in some areas there are foci of the disease with of up to 50% severity.

Phytopathological testing is one of the least expensive and most effective methods for the rapid identification of juvenile resistance genes in varieties against pathogens. It allows to obtain detailed information about the genetics of the host and pathogen in a short time. In the research Yr resistant genes and its combinations were postulated in winter wheat varieties of Russian breeding to North-Caucasus population of stripe rust by this method.

Purpose of this study was identification of known stripe rust resistance genes in 12 commercial winter wheat cultivars by phytopathological testing.

Material and methods: The postulation of known resistance genes was carried out in a greenhouse complex (seedling stage) and at the research station (adult plant stage) of the Laboratory of Plant Immunity to Diseases of the Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection (Krasnodar).

For postulation, we chose the method by Dubin et al. (1989), based on the comparison of response types of differential cultivars and studied varieties to Pst isolates.

Results. In 10 out of 12 winter wheat varieties of Russian breeding, 13 stripe rust resistance genes and their combinations were postulated.: Yr3, Yr3a, Yr6, Yr32, Yr2+6, Yr2+9, Yr39+Alp, Yr4+12, Yr4b, Yr3a+4a+H46, YrA, YrSp, YrSU. The following resistance genes have not been identified: Yr2, Yr5, Yr10, Yr10+Mor, Yr24, Yr27, Yr25+32, since no isolates virulent to carriers of these genes were isolated from the North Caucasian population of P. striiformis; and they are highly effective against this population. Highly effective (Yr3, Yr2+9, Yr3a, Yr4+12, Yr3a+4a+H46) resistance genes were identified in the Kurs, Morozko, and Step’ varieties. We note a combination of effective Yr2+6 genes in the Gurt variety.

In field conditions, high resistance (degree of damage up to 10%) to the North Caucasian population of the stripe rust pathogen was shown by lines and differential cultivars containing the following resistance genes: Yr2, Yr3, Yr8, Yr10, Yr24, Yr25, Yr27, Yr10+Mor, Yr3a, Yr25+32, Yr3a+4a+H46, Yr3с+Min, Yr4+12, Yr7+25, Yr8+19, 8+6+25, YrSp. Due to the low degree of damage, these genes and their combinations are classified as highly effective and can be involved in the breeding process to create new resistant varieties. Varieties containing these genes can also be recommended for breeders and used in production for effective disease control.
CENOTIC ROLE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN ABIES SIBIRICA LEDEB. STANDS IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL SIBERIA
Authors: Melnichenko Natalia P. , Tatarintsev Andrey I.
Published: January 2024

Background. Degradation of Abies sibirica Ledeb.-dominated forests in the South Central Siberia is a reflection of the global trend of coniferous forest ecosystems decline. Nevertheless, the role of infectious diseases in coniferous forests degradation and dieback is often underestimated.

Research aim. To assess the coenotic role of infectious diseases in fir-dominated stands in the South Central Siberia, considering the differentiation in trees.

Materials and methods. The research was based on a survey of A. sibirica-dominated forest stands growing in Biryusinsky forest management unit of the Krasnoyarsk Krai government-owned publicly funded “Emelyanovskoye forestry”. Research methods included a detailed (instrumental) forest pathological examination, macroscopic diagnostics of tree diseases, graph analytics and statistical analysis of tree diameter distribution series, evaluation of disease manifestation indicators.

Results. Stem rot and fir broom rust are typical diseases increasing the risk of windsnap and trees weakening. The prevalence of fir broom rust was over 10%. Rust fungus intermediate hosts in the forest floor determine the degree of damage to a stand. Fir broom rust randomly affected trees of different age and diameters. The bacterial blight in fir forests mainly affected trees of I-II Kraft classes causing their gradual dying. The bacterial blight in the study area was of low infection degree (up to 20%). The most dangerous was the root rot caused by Armillaria mellea s.l. that affected trees of different cenotic roles causing their group dieback.

Conclusion. Dendropathogenic organisms are an important endogenous factor influencing the state of dark coniferous forests with a predominance of A. sibirica in the South Central Siberia. Their cenotic role is unequal. The most significant are pathogens causing necrosis and cancer diseases, and especially the root pathogen A. mellea, which leads to weakening and dying of a large number of trees of different status in the stand structure.
EPIZOOTIC SITUATION OF HEMOPARASITIC DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS IN IRKUTSK REGION
Authors: Suntsova Olga V. , Rar Vera A. , Lisak Oksana V. , Meltsov Ivan V. , Doroshchenko Elena K. , Savinova Yulia S. , Tikunov Artyom Yu. , Kozlova Irina V.
Published: January 2024

Background. Cattle anaplasmosis and babesiosis and theileriosis of horses are a group of natural focal vector-borne diseases that cause significant economic damage to livestock and horse breeding around the world. On the territory of the Baikal region these diseases and their pathogens remain little explored.

Purpose – to study the epizootic situation of blood-parasitic diseases of farm animals in the Irkutsk region, to establish the species affiliation of the identified pathogens and their genetic diversity.

Materials and methods. For the presence of Babesia spp./Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. has been researched659 horse blood samples, 579 sheep blood samples, 25 goat blood samples and 647 cattle blood samples. For the detection of babesia and theileria, nested two-round PCR with primers from the 18S rRNA gene region was used, and for the detection of anaplasma DNA with primers from the 16S rRNA gene region. For study the genetic diversity of the identified pathogens, selective sequencing of samples was carried out with subsequent phylogenetic analysis.

Results. The DNA of Anaplasma spp. was detected in blood samples of small ruminants from 12 districts of the region. The infection rate of sheep and goats was 68.7±1.9% and 68%±9.3%, respectively. Nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene fragment were determined in 68 A. ovis samples from the blood of sheep and goats. The researched sequences were conservative for the studied gene and differed from each other in two heterozygous sites of the gene(T/C and G/A nucleotide substitutions).They corresponded to the sequences of the prototype strain Haibei (CP015994), as well as to the A. ovis sequences previously found in the blood of sheep from Altai (Russia) and Mongolia, deer and D. niveus and D. nuttalli ticks from China.

DNA of Babesia spp./Theileria spp. found in blood samples of horses from 13 districts of the region. The average infection of horses was 64.2%±1.9%. Two etiological agents of equine piroplasmosis were found in the blood of the examined horses: T. equi (genetic groups A and E) and B. caballi. Definite sequences of the B. caballi 18S rRNA gene (700–1146 bp) were identical to each other and differed by at least ten substitutions and one deletion from the sequences available in the GenBank database. However, the greatest similarity was observed with B. caballi sequences found in the blood of a horse from Brazil (KY952238), ticks from Kazakhstan (MN907451) and China (MN173021).

The results indicate that DNA of Anaplasma and Babesia in the blood of cattle have not been identified.

Conclusion: The data received evidence a wide distribution of foci of small cattle anaplasmosis and piroplasmosis of horses in the Irkutsk region and the need to continue monitoring their epizootic condition.
ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF NATURAL ISOLATES OF TRICHODERMA SP. REGARDING NEW ECONOMICALLY SIGNIFICANT MICROPATHOGENES OF GRAPES IN WESTERN CISCAUCASIA
Authors: Yurchenko Evgenia G. , Savchuk Nadezhda V. , Burovinskaya Margarita V.
Published: January 2024

Studies conducted worldwide on different crops, including the grape, show the expansion of species variety in micropathogens through the emergence of new species in Alternaria Nees, 1817, and Fusarium Link, 1809 genera. The Fusarium pathogenic species attack grape buds and bunches and cause an average mass reduction of 12.8% to 60.3% and a bunch length reduction of 7.7% to 39.4%. This negatively affects the quality of grape products and the tradability of table grapes in particular. The Alternaria Nees, 1817 fungi are a part of grapes necrotic spot pathocomplex and can cause a photosynthetic potential decrease, consequently reducing the yield per bush by 18% to 27 % and the sugar content by 6.1% to 9.1%. The fungi genus Trichoderma Pers., 1801 can be efficient against such biopathogenes. This study aims to examine the Trichoderma spp. culture obtained from native ampelocenoses of the Western Ciscaucasia in vitro in the context of Fusarium generative organs wilt (Fusarium proliferatum F-41/1, F. oxysporum F-117) and necrotic spot (Alternaria sp. 425-3) pathogenes to identify the strains showing the greatest antagonistic potential. We established that the Trichoderma spp. T-441/1 strain has the most active antagonizing effect against Fusarium spp., whereas the T-404-1 strain is the most effective against Alternaria sp.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOGROUPS IN THE DON HORSE BREED
Authors: Khrabrova Liudmila A. , Nikolaeva Anna A. , Blohina Nina V. , Sorokin Sergey I.
Published: January 2024

The Don breed of horses, which became famous in Russia already in the middle of the 18th century, was obtained by long-term crossing of nomadic horses with cultured oriental breeds. Due to the reduction in the number of Don queens to 200 broodmares, the research of the genetic characteristics of this breed is of particular relevance. The purpose of the research was to study the matrilineal structure of the Don horse breed based on phylogenetic analysis of 530 nucleotide pairs [n.p.] of the hypervariable section of the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] in 26 mares representing the main female families. Analysis of the mtDNA sequence was performed using the Neighbor-Joining [NJ] method in combination with bootstrap analysis in the MEGA7 software. In the mitochondrial genomes of the tested Don horses, 26 different haplotypes were identified, which are part of 10 mtDNA haplogroups, including A, B, D, G, L, M, N, O, P, and Q, according to the modern classification. Additionally, four new haplogroups were identified, leading the line from Black Sea mares and atypical for most European breeds. The sequenced fragment of the D-loop from 15471 to 16000 n.p. included 115 polymorphic sites, mainly represented by transversions. The mtDNA structure of the Don breed was dominated by haplogroups G (19.2%), B (15.4%), and L (11.5%). All the analyzed uterine families were clearly differentiated at the level of haplogroups and haplotypes with a high bootstrap support rate (58%–100%). This indicates a high genetic diversity of the genealogical matrilineal structure of the Don horse breed.
SMALL MOLECULES IN BACTERIAL LUMINESCENCE INHIBITION TEST
Authors: Shoshin Daniil E. , Atlanderova Ksenia N. , Duskaev Galimzhan K. , Sizova Elena A.
Published: January 2024

Background. The rejection of antibiotics in animal husbandry encourages the search for new more effective alternatives, one of which is phytochemicals – small molecules with pronounced bioactive effect.

Materials and methods. The article discusses the physiological properties of quercetin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, vanillin, trans-cinnamon aldehyde, as active substances from extracts of some plants. Their biological certification was carried out in the bacterial luminescence inhibition test using a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K12 TG1 in comparison with the antibiotic drug tetracycline.

Results. Effective concentrations of quercetin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, vanillin, trans-cinnamic aldehyde, suppressing 80, 50 and 20 % luminescence in two media – H2O and scar fluid, respectively, have been established. 9,8×10-4; 4,9×10-4; 6,1×10-5 mol/l for trans-cinnamon aldehyde; 3.9×10-3; 1.9×10-3; 4.9×10-4 mol/l for vanillin; 2,5×10-1; 1,2×10-1; 9,8×10-4 mol/l for quercetin dihydrate; 1,6×10-2; 9,8×10-4; 4,9×10-4 mol/l for 7-hydroxycoumarin.

Conclusion. Trans-cinnamon aldehyde, vanillin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and quercetin have a pronounced bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect and can be used as an alternative to antibiotic preparations in feeding farm animals, including cattle. In particular, synergistically increasing suppression of the bacterial strain is observed in the environment of the scar content.
ANALYSIS OF PREFERENCES OF CHILDREN WITH HEALTH LIMITATIONS REGARDING THE ARRANGEMENT OF INCLUSIVE CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUNDS IN MOSCOW
Authors: Hanbabaeva Olga E. , Hanbabaev Rafik K. , Sorokopudov Vladimir N. , Sorokopudova Olga A.
Published: January 2024

The research goal is to analyze the data on the organization and level of improvement of playgrounds with an inclusive component located on the territory of three large multifunctional parks in Moscow received from respondents to develop guidelines for organizing children’s inclusive playgrounds in large cities. The current research relevance is due to the fact that in Russia, until recently, children with health limitations were isolated from communication with peers and other people due to the fact that in society they were perceived as children with special needs. Therefore, it was believed that such joint communication is harmful to their health and development, and such children should be under constant supervision and attention from parents, guardians, and professionals. In connection with the mentioned opinion, they attempted to isolate children with disabilities from society, place them in special institutions, and teach in correctional schools. By virtue of rich global experience, this position has changed in Russia, and this category of children, now gradually transferred to ordinary schools with an inclusive component, has ample opportunities to develop both physically and psycho-emotionally, along with normally developed children. The research tasks include studying the organization of playgrounds intended for children’s recreation in such a way that all features of the psychological and physical condition of children with health limitations are fully taken into consideration. The possibility of the joint stay of children with normal development and children with health limitations within the same playground and their joint cognitive activity and various activities is also studied by means of conducting a survey. With the help of the developed questionnaires and visual material for children, a survey method is applied, implying surveying children, their parents, and guardians. The survey is conducted on the territory of children’s inclusive playgrounds in three large park areas of the city of Moscow. The survey goal is to study the psycho-emotional impact of landscape factors, urban greening, and the level of improvement, design, and construction of inclusive playground equipment on children with health limitations through outdoor games. The research results can be applied in practice in the organization and improvement of new inclusive playgrounds in city parks. Simultaneously, one should take into consideration their accessibility for people with limited mobility and the safety of structures and equipment.
STATISTICAL DEPENDENCIES OF INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL WELL-BEING OF THE POPULATION OF A BIOSPHERE-COMPATIBLE CITY
Authors: Ilyichev Vyacheslav A. , Bakaeva Natalia V. , Gordon Vladimir A. , Afonina Marina I. , Kormina Aleksandra A.
Published: January 2024

Background. In the near future, one should ensure a radical increase in the comfort of the urban environment and its quality index and reduce the number of cities with unfavorable living environments. The deterioration of the ecological situation in many cities poses the task of developing new principles of urban life that regulate the biosphere compatibility of cities and the development of human capital.

Purpose. The research aimed to identify the statistical regularities of the population’s livelihoods in residential areas of Russian cities, depending on the functional and spatial organization of these areas.

Materials and Methods. The theoretical basis of the research is the paradigm of the livelihoods of bio spherically compatible cities and settlements that develop humans and its following principles: (1) assessment of physical well-being and progress in human development in the city, (2) satisfaction of rational human needs with city functions, (3) implementation of social standards in public relations.

The practical methods used to solve the scientific problem were the methods of correlation and regression analysis, used to identify statistical dependencies in various municipal entities, mainly in large cities in Russia with high population density.

Results. Statistical data on the level of the population’s livelihood environment and the results of providing social infrastructure objects in the process of implementing public urban functions in 17 residential micro-districts in 15 cities were analyzed. Based on the obtained data, a type of regression model was chosen, and its parameters were numerically evaluated.

Conclusion. The identified statistical regularities can serve as a characteristic of the physical well-being of the population and be the subject of further scientific discussion of the multifactorial processes of livelihoods in a biospherically compatible city to achieve indicators of its comfort and safety.
CAPACITY EVALUATION AND RESEARCH OF TRENDS IN THE MARKET FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN KAZAKHSTAN BASED ON SOCIAL RESEARCH TOOLS
Authors: Samenbetova Dilara S. , Patlasov Oleg Yu.
Published: January 2024

Background. Recent years have seen the demand for organic products steadily growing both in the domestic and foreign markets. This makes it relevant and important to identify specific factors that will affect consumer behavior in the future, using the example of the local market. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors for promoting environmentally friendly products and to identify consumer demand patterns through social research tools. The article deals with research of market capacity for organic products based on an analysis of consumer behavior across the Republic of Kazakhstan, with sociological survey serving as a basis.
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to gauge the capacity of the consumer market for organic products in Kazakhstan. In order to identify the factors driving consumer behavior, sociological studies were done based on a survey of Internet users focused on the consumption of organic food, as well as polling of customers of specialized stores of organic products in Astana.
Methodology. The study utilized general scientific methods of cognition of socio-economic phenomena and processes: logical and analytical methods, classification, systemic and holistic approaches, ways of synthesis and comparative analysis, sociological survey and polling.
Results. The sociological surveys made it possible to identify what consumers of organic products looked like and to generate proposals on how producers should further develop organic farming.
Conclusions. Primary cities of organic products consumption in Kazakhstan are Almaty and Astana. The main reasons for this pattern are local population’s high purchasing power, high population density and quite high environmental pollution. Residents of urban areas are more aware of the rapidly developing segment of the food market. Yet, until now, consumers have failed to distinguish pseudo-labels from certified products. The legislators have taken a number of steps to legally interpret and regulate the organic market. Market research has confirmed the need to promote awareness among producers and shape consumer behavior.
SYNESTHETIC METAPHOR IN MEDICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Makarova Olga V. , Khvoshch Raisa N. , Morozova Tatiana A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose. The aim is to consider the issue of medical synesthesia in professional discourse. Thinking syncretism of doctors is manifested in polymodal perception of the information about the patient condition, who, in turn, while describing pain or worries about illness also relies on the system of sensory perception.

Materials and methods. The material of the study is about 200 terms and terminological combinations taken by the continuous sampling method from the speech of doctors. The following methods are applied: survey of 10 residents and doctors, high-quality processing of the obtained data, differential analysis of synesthetic models, compiling a glossary, semantic and functional analyses of terminological combinations.

Results. During the study the mechanism of synesthesia formation is described, its cognitive analysis indicates the relationship of the subject’s perception system, their thinking and language. Actualization of synesthetic metaphors in medical discourse is determined by the subject’s perception integrity property: categorization of information is carried out on the basis of various modality sensations (temperature, pain, tactile, gustatory, and auditory) in combination.

Among figurative expressions in medical speech, it is possible to distinguish synesthetic metaphors nominating diagnosis (cheesy pneumonia, ringworm), symptom of the disease (soft heart murmurs, tapping symptom, apple jelly symptom) or metaphors describing the patient pain nature and being regularly reproduced terminological expressions (buzzing feet, cutting pains, bursting, pulling, constricting, throbbing pain).

The glossary of terminological combinations presented contains nominations of synesthetic nature which are relevant for a number of key medicine branches: dermatology, gynecology, rheumatology, otorhinolaryngology, neurology, endocrinology and diseases of the urinary and hepatic systems. It is revealed that in medical discourse the tactile-painful type of synesthetic transfer prevails.

The communication status study of synesthetic metaphors in medical discourse is connected with their identification in the doctor’s lexicon.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF FOREST AND THE TYPE OF FOREST GROWING CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF SPRUCE STANDS IN THE ZONE OF CONIFEROUS-DECIDUOUS FORESTS OF THE PERM KRAI
Authors: Ivanchina Ludmila A. , Kovalev Vasiliy I. , Makurin Dmitriy V. , Poplyakov Evgeniy A. , Solontsov Oleg N. , Korotaeva Natalya E.
Published: January 2024

There has been a massive drying out of spruce plantations in recent years. Many versions about the cause of this phenomenon have been put forward by scientists. Despite the active study of the problem of drying out of spruce plantations around the world, a forest management system aimed at reducing the damage from drying out has not been developed yet. Important silvicultural indicators of plantations that can affect their stability are the type of forest growing conditions and the type of forest. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the type of forest and the type of forest growing conditions on the resistance to drying out of spruce forests growing in the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests of the Perm Krai. The spruce forests of this territory were the objects of study. The sanitary condition of spruce forests growing in common types of forest growing conditions (B2, C2, C3) and forest types (green moss spruce and pine forest, wood sorrel spruce and pine forest, linden spruce and pine forest, grass spruce and pine forest) of the Perm Krai was determined. The weighted average scores values of the sanitary condition of the spruce forest of the surveyed forest plantations were distributed by forest types and types of forest growing conditions. Statistical indicators of the average weighted scores of the sanitary condition of spruce in different types of forests were obtained. A one-factor analysis of variance was carried out to compare the mean values. It was established that the type of forest and the type of forest growing conditions have an impact on the sanitary condition of spruce stands. The better the forest growing conditions, the more resistant the spruce trees are to drying out, on average. At the same time, soil moisture is more important than soil nutrient status.
Resveratrol - its properties, occurrence and health benefits
Authors: Jabłońska Wiktoria , Wardęszkiewicz Marta , Kasprzak Amelia , Markowiak Szymon , Świercz Maciej , Kubisz Magdalena , Mańkowska Aleksandra , Truchta Monika , Pejas Anna , Kolano Agata
Published: January 2024

Introduction and purpose: Wine ingredients relevant to health are polyphenols, which are divided into flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid component of wine widely known for its health-promoting properties. This article will discuss its chemical structure, synthesis, metabolism, occurrence in nature and impact on human health.

Review methods: The purpose of this article was to assemble and analyse the available data about resveratrol. The search of articles in Pubmed database was carried out using following keywords: “wine”, “resveratrol”, “polyphenols”, “alcohol”. Inclusion criteria: indexed in Pubmed database, published in last 10 years. Exclusion criteria: Case reports, studies in language other than English, studies that seemed to be biased.

Descripiton of the state of knowledge: Resveratrol has a wide range of health-promoting effects. It inhibits some stages of platelet activation by reducing the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and their aggregation caused by agonists i.e. collagen, ADP, cathepsin G or thrombin. Furthermore, it causes a reduction in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels, increases insulin sensitivity and potentially has protective effect on pancreatic cells. It lowers total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins levels while increasing insulin sensitivity and high-density lipoproteins level. In addition to this, it has neuroprotective, anti-tumour and anti-angiogenic effect proven in specific types of cancer.

Summary: Resveratrol is said to improve the therapeutic outcome in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type 2, Alzheimer's disease, other neurodegeneration diseases and in certain cancers. Nevertheless, the issue of resveratrol's effect on the human body requires further research.
Community-Based Project Learning: Empowering Students' Self-Regulated Learning and Creativity
Authors: Mashfufah Aynin , Dasna I Wayan , Utama Candra
Published: January 2024

Changes and challenges in the highly dynamic world of education require postgraduate students to manage their learning well and create something from their creative thinking according to the needs of the field. One of them is the activity of students in developing integrated natural science teaching materials is very necessary because learning at the primary level still uses integrated or thematic learning. Furthermore, students also need to be encouraged to be adaptive to these challenges by empowering their independence in learning. The ability to manage learning and creativity to create something new is highly prioritized for college graduates to contribute generously to their environment. This study aims to describe the empowerment of self-regulated learning and student creativity in developing natural science teaching materials in collaboration through community-based project learning. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a single-subject design type. The instruments used to retrieve data are creativity assessment rubrics and self-regulated learning questionnaires. The conclusion is that students are intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to fulfill the given tasks. Learning is essential for increasing competence, and learning strategies have been adjusted to the material's complexity or the difficulty level of the studied content. The aspect of student creativity in developing Integrated Science teaching materials shows the existence of change from stage one to the next and good categories.
A Bibliometrics Analysis of Scopus-Indexed Research on Teachers’ Well-Being from 1995-2022: Emerging Research Trends
Authors: Tran Thi Tuyet , Luong Dinh-Hai , Nguyen Thuy Thi Dieu
Published: January 2024

Teacher well-being has gained significant prominence in academic publications indexed by Scopus in recent years. This study employs rigorous bibliometric analysis to trace the evolution of teacher well-being literature, examining 326 relevant publications from 1995 to 2022. Our findings reveal two crucial inflexion points in 2013, driven by the global economic downturn, and 2020, propelled by the widespread repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, including teacher unemployment. These inflexion points underscore the real-world events' profound impact on academic discourse in teacher well-being. Traditionally, authors from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom have shaped this discourse. Dutch scholars have also gained recognition, accumulating substantial citations. This paradigm shift is paramount as emerging nations like Iran, Ireland, China, and Austria increasingly contribute, challenging the dominance of Western authors. This shift underscores the evolving dynamics of scholarly contributions in teacher well-being research, emphasizing the need for a more diverse and inclusive academic dialogue. This study provides a panoramic view of the trajectory of teacher well-being research, shedding light on the interplay between global events and scholarly responses. It highlights nations' evolving roles in shaping this discourse, acknowledging established influences while recognizing the contributions emerging from voices in the field. These findings enrich the global dialogue surrounding teacher well-being and offer insights into the dynamic forces shaping this vital field of study, compelling the academic community to adapt, diversify, and foster a more inclusive conversation on teacher well-being.
Teachers Underutilize Their Learning Styles in Developing Thought-Provoking Questions: A Case Study
Authors: Putri Agustiani , As’ari Abdur Rahman , Purwanto Purwanto , Osman Sharifah , Kharis Selly Anastassia Amellia
Published: January 2024

Teachers' learning styles are a crucial part of the learning process as they determine how teachers' brains capture and integrate information linked with the senses. Kurnia, identified as an auditory teacher, was expected to capture written information in a provided numeracy problem. Nevertheless, she prefers to capture visual information, like tables or figures, and utilize them to develop thought-provoking questions. Thus, this study intends to investigate her reasons and the factors affecting Kurnia's decision to utilize visual information as a reference in developing questions. This research adopts a qualitative design covering a case study. Kurnia was selected from 32 teachers from 28 schools; roughly 43% were from public schools, and 57% from private schools. Kurnia placed more emphasis on pictorial information before proposing questions, which was caused by situational factors: the subject matter, the grade level, the student's engagement in the class, the teacher's experience, the teaching experience, and the diversity of students' learning styles. This article recommends that teachers recognize their learning styles to know their strengths and weaknesses in teaching mathematics, and that they convey understandable information utilizing effective instructional methods that represent each learning style of students in the classroom.
A new species of Bufoides Pillai and Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the delimitation of the distribution range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India)
Authors: NAVEEN R.S. , TAPLEY BENJAMIN , CHANDRAMOULI S.R. , JERVIS PHILLIP A. , BABU S. , MEETEI A.B. , KARUNAKARAN P.V.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Naveen RS, Tapley B, Chandramouli SR, Jervis PA, Babu S, Meetei AB, Karunakaran PV. 2023. A new species of Bufoides Pillai and Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the delimitation of the distribution range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India). Biodiversitas 24: 4617-4627. The Oriental toad genus Bufoides currently comprises two species: Bufoides meghalayanus and B. kempi. Populations of Bufoides from Mizoram were previously considered to be conspecific with Bufoides meghalayanus, although it has been hypothesized that these populations could represent an undescribed species. An uncorrected p-distance at the 16S rDNA gene between the Mizoram population and each of the two congeneric species was 2.74-3.0% and 3.5% for B. meghalayanus and B. kempi respectively. We describe the population from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, as new based on molecular from two specimens and morphological data from two adult males and one adult female. We confirm that B. meghalayanus is endemic to the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya and it does not occur in Mizoram. The new species from Mizoram differs from congeneric species by differences in interdigital webbing, coloration, skin tuberculation and the presence of ovoid, tuberculated and depressed parotoid glands. Like other Bufoides species, it is a microhabitat specialist and utilizes streamside rock crevices as refugia, which might make it vulnerable to changes in habitat. The new species is currently only known to occur in Dampa Tiger Reserve and it is probably range-restricted and likely meets the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s criteria for being assessed as Critically Endangered.
The effect of plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Melientha suavis Pierre. and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerants based on iPBS and SRAP markers
Authors: SIRINGAM THANAPOOM , VANIJAJIVA ONGKARN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Siringam T, Vanijajiva O. 2023. The effect of plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Melientha suavis Pierre. and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerants based on iPBS and SRAP markers. Biodiversitas 24: 4628-4634. Melientha suavis Pierre, a significant deciduous edible plant species with high nutritional value and belonging to the Opiliaceae family, holds paramount importance for both agricultural and conservation purposes in its native Southeast Asia. However, the species faces challenges due to habitat fragmentation and negative anthropogenic impacts, leading to a decline in its population. This study aimed to explore the effects of various concentrations of plant growth regulators (cytokinin and auxin) on the shoot and root development of M. suavis, and to assess the genetic stability of micropropagated plants obtained from nodal explants. In vitro shoot regeneration and proliferation were conducted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) semi-solid medium, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (Kn) at different doses. The optimal shoot length, shoot number, and leaf volume were observed in the modified MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP after an 8-week incubation period. Efforts to enhance the rooting of micropropagated shoots included the addition of auxins, such as ?-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, the species exhibited recalcitrant behavior during the reproduction and rooting stages, as the rooting percentage did not correlate with the increase in auxin concentration. Interestingly, the highest root number and length were achieved in the MS medium without plant growth regulators after 8 weeks of incubation. To ensure genetic fidelity, regenerants were subjected to inter-primer binding site (iPBS) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker analysis. The results revealed no genetic variation between the micropropagated plants and the mother trees, confirming the production of genetically stable progeny. Overall, this protocol presents a promising alternative for profitable propagation and establishment of genetically constant progeny of M. suavis, with important implications for sustainable applications and germplasm conservation in Southeast Asia. Addressing the challenges faced by this valuable species through micropropagation and genetic fidelity assessment can contribute significantly to its preservation and utilization for agricultural and conservation initiatives.
Biodiversity of hard coral (Scleractinia) and relation to environmental factors turbid waters in Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: PARENDEN DEDI , JOMPA JAMALUDDIN , RANI CHAIR , RENEMA WILLEM , TUHUMENA JEREMIAS RUMALA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Parenden D, Jompa J, Rani C, Renema W, Tuhumena JR. 2023. Biodiversity of hard coral (Scleractinia) and relation to environmental factors turbid waters in Spermonde Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia s. Biodiversitas 24: 4521-4529. Water turbidity has an impact on coral growth and the diversity of coral species in the waters. Calculation of coral cover, coral diversity and environmental parameters need to be done to determine the effect of environmental parameters on growth. This research was conducted in July 2020-February 2021 in the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, which focused on the inner zone area with high turbidity levels. The research was conducted at four observation locations, namely Kayangan Island, Samalona Island, Gusung Tallang and Lae-Lae Island. Primary data in the form of coral cover using the Underwater Photo Transect method, diversity data using the quadrant transect method and environmental parameters measured in-situ and ex-situ. The results of this study showed (1) the percentage of coral cover at each research location was classified as poor because it was in the range of 3-15%, (2) coral diversity on Samalona Island was classified as high (H'=3.2) while on Kayangan Island, Laelae Island and Gusung Tallang was classified as medium with values ranging from 2.21-2.83; and (3) environmental parameters such as turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), nitrate, and phosphate and based on the results of regression analysis has a negative effect on coral cover, while turbidity and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) parameters have a significant effect on coral cover (p<0.05). These results have the potential to determine the composition of hard corals (Acropora sp.) in turbid areas and potentially serve as transplant fragments to mitigate coral damage.
Isolation of euryhaline microalgal strains from tropical waters of Brunei Darussalam for potential biomass production
Authors: ROSELI WARDINA , TANAKA YASUAKI , TAHA HUSSEIN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Roseli W, Tanaka Y, Taha H. 2023. Isolation of euryhaline microalgal strains from tropical waters of Brunei Darussalam for potential biomass production. Biodiversitas 24: 4651-4660. Rapid urbanization has increased the accumulation of excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in natural water bodies (eutrophication). Microalgae are seen as a viable candidate to resolve the problem due to their ability to absorb nutrients from the eutrophicated water (phycoremediation). Euryhaline microalgae could significantly benefit because they can tolerate various salinities while maintaining high biomass productivity. This study aimed to isolate euryhaline microalgae from tropical waters and evaluate the algae's potential to produce biomass and absorb nutrients in a wide range of salinities. Three strains labeled W1, W2, and W3 were isolated from Brunei waters and confirmed by DNA barcoding as Desmodesmus sp., Micractinium sp., and Chlorococcum sp., respectively. These strains were screened for salinity tolerance by exposing them to eight conditions (salinity 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35) and evaluated for their high growth performance based on optical density. While the growth of Desmodesmus sp. and Chlorococcum sp. decreased from its highest value by 51% and 45%, respectively, the growth of Micractinium sp. was only reduced by 30%, and therefore, Micractinium sp. was considered to be the most euryhaline species and studied further in the next scale-up experiment. Micractinium sp. was cultivated at salinities of 0, 15, and 30 and recorded the highest biomass production of 54.1 ± 6.0 mg L?1 d?1 at salinity 15. Furthermore, they produced high amounts of N and P in their biomass, indicating that they are suitable for the phycoremediation of eutrophic water bodies. Therefore, Micractinium sp. is a potential candidate for open-pond cultivation because of its tolerance to a wide range of salinities and high biomass productivity.
Trends in counts of Columbiformes at Shakpak Pass, Kazakhstan
Authors: BEKZHAN BERDIKULOV T. , IVAN FROLOV G. , ANDREY GAVRILOV E. , AIZHAN TASHIMOV E. , SYRYMGUL ZARIPOVA KH.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Bekzhan BT, Ivan FG, Andrey GE, Aizhan TE, Syrymgul ZKH. 2023. Trends in counts of Columbiformes at Shakpak Pass, Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 24: 4661-4667. This study aims to determine the trends in counts of Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) at Shakpak Pass in Western Tien Shan (southern Kazakhstan). The analysis is based on long-term ringing data collected from 1966 to 2023, encompassing eight pigeon and dove species. The results reveal notable trends in the counts of Columbiformes over time, which can reflect changes in population sizes. Different species show different numbers in counts among different seasons. The Rock Dove population, predominantly non-migratory, displays no pronounced trend. The Stock Dove population has experienced a decline in recent years, yet it remains consistent throughout the entire research period. Counts of the Woodpigeon demonstrate an increasing trend during autumn migration, whereas the Yellow-eyed Pigeon exhibits a noteworthy decrease in both spring and autumn migrations. The Oriental Turtle Dove appears abundant during both spring and autumn migrations, with its count data exhibiting fluctuations devoid of any significant trend. The Laughing Dove is considered rare at Shakpak Pass, which makes determining a clear trend challenging; however, a negative trend is noted in autumn. Counts of the Turtle Dove have markedly decreased in both spring and autumn migrations, resulting in the species being nearly absent at Shakpak Pass since 2005. Regarding the Collared Dove, a non-migratory species, its abundance at Shakpak Pass is also limited. These findings provide valuable insights into the population trends of Columbiformes in Kazakhstan and highlight the importance of long-term monitoring and conservation efforts for these species.