bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emociones, identidad y represión el activismo anarquista durante el franquismo
Authors: Romanos Fraile Eduardo
Published: May 2011

Diversos trabajos han señalado cómo en contextos altamente represivosel surgimiento y la continuidad del activismo no se entienden sinla intervención de fuertes elementos subjetivos, afectivos y emocionales.Este artículo participa de este enfoque con un análisis longitudinaldel activismo de la primera generación de anarquistas clandestinosbajo la dictadura franquista (1939-1975). Los resultados destacan lacombinación de tres factores que ayudan a explicar el sostenimiento delactivismo anarquista: i) la mediación de la esperanza en la percepciónde oportunidades para la movilización; ii) la movilización estratégicade la indignación en el discurso dirigido a los potenciales apoyos yparticipantes; y iii) el fortalecimiento de la identifi cación ideológica conel movimiento gracias, paradójicamente, a la represión. Las fuentesincluyen diversos materiales de archivo y testimonios de activistas.
Is low digit ratio linked with late menarche? Evidence from the BBC internet study
Authors: Manning John T. , Fink Bernhard
Published: May 2011

Objectives:

Age at menarche (AAM) in the general population may be influenced by prenatal sex steroids. The ratio of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) is a putative correlate of prenatal sex steroids, but the relationship of 2D:4D to AAM is controversial. Matchock ([2008]: Am J Hum Biol 20:487‐489) has reported that right 2D:4D (but not left) was negatively related to AAM, but Helle ([2010a]: Am J Hum Biol 22:418‐420) found no relationship. Here the association between 2D:4D, AAM, and self‐reported rate of pubertal development (RPD) is considered.

Methods:

The sample consisted of self‐measured finger lengths and AAM and RPD reported by women in the BBC internet study.

Results:

There were 70,658 white women who reported a mean (± SD) AAM of 12.54 (1.48) years. Right 2D:4D was negatively related to AAM and positively related to RPD. These relationships were independent of left 2D:4D, age and height. Between‐country variation in right 2D:4D was also significantly related to AAM such that in countries with low 2D:4D women mean AAM was higher.

Conclusions:

In support of the findings of Matchock, right 2D:4D was found to be negatively related to AAM. In addition, right 2D:4D was positively related to RPD. In a sample of 19 countries, mean right 2D:4D was negatively correlated with mean national AAM. These findings suggest that women with high prenatal testosterone and low prenatal estrogen tend to show late menarche and slow pubertal development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reliability of preoperative assessment of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and encephaloceles
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Chiu Alexander G. , Palmer James N.
Published: May 2011

Background

The association of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is well‐documented. Accurate assessment of CSF pressure is paramount to optimal long‐term outcomes, as failure of surgical repair or recurrent leaks may be associated with untreated intracranial hypertension. Many surgeons utilize a single opening pressure measured at the onset of the surgical procedure to determine if long‐term acetazolamide or shunt placement will be necessary. However, preoperative measurement of CSF pressure may be inaccurate secondary to active drainage. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of preoperative CSF pressure measurement in the setting of active CSF rhinorrhea.

Methods

Retrospective review of 65 cases of endoscopic repair of active spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea performed at a tertiary care institution from 2002 to 2009. A total of 16 cases in which reliable preoperative opening pressure and 48‐hour to 72‐hour postoperative CSF pressures were recorded were included in the analysis. Cases in which measurements were potentially unreliable or in which acetazolamide therapy was used were excluded from analysis.

Results

The average preoperative measurement was 26 ± 11 cm H20, and the average postoperative measurement was 15 ± 6 cm H20. The average change in CSF pressure from preoperative to postoperative was −10 ± 11 cm H20. Student paired t test was used to confirm statistical difference between the 2 sets of measurements.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that a single preoperative measurement of CSF pressure in patients with active CSF rhinorrhea may not be sufficiently reliable to make subsequent long‐term clinical decisions. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Accelerated Heck reaction using ortho‐palladated complex in a nonaqueous ionic liquid with controlled microwave heating
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Rafiee Fatemeh
Published: May 2011

The activity of {Pd[C6H2(CH2CH2NH2)‐(OMe)2,3,4] (µ‐Br)}2 complex was investigated in the Heck–Mizoroki CC cross‐coupling reaction under conventional heating and microwave irradiation conditions in molten salt tetrabutylammonium bromide as the solvent and promoter at 130 °C. This complex in these conditions is an active and efficient catalyst for the Heck reaction of aryl iodides, bromides and even chlorides, and also arenesulfonyl chlorides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting treatment outcomes and responder subsets in scleroderma‐related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Roth Michael D. , Tseng Chi‐Hong , Clements Philip J. , Furst Daniel E. , Tashkin Donald P. , Goldin Jonathan G. , Khanna Dinesh , Kleerup Eric C. , Li Ning , Elashoff David , Elashoff Robert M. ,   Scleroderma Lung Study Research Group
Published: May 2011

Objective

To identify baseline characteristics of patients with scleroderma‐related interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) that could serve as predictors of the most favorable response to 12‐month treatment with oral cyclophosphamide (CYC).

Methods

Regression analyses were retrospectively applied to the Scleroderma Lung Study data in order to identify baseline characteristics that correlated with the absolute change in forced vital capacity (FVC) (% predicted values) and the placebo‐adjusted change in % predicted FVC over time (the CYC treatment effect).

Results

Completion of the CYC arm of the Scleroderma Lung Study was associated with a placebo‐adjusted improvement in the % predicted FVC of 2.11% at 12 months, which increased to 4.16% when patients were followed up for another 6 months (P = 0.014). Multivariate regression analyses identified the maximal severity of reticular infiltrates (assessed as maximum fibrosis scores) on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) at baseline, the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS) at baseline, and the Mahler baseline dyspnea index as independent correlates of treatment response. When patients were stratified on the basis of whether 50% or more of any lung zone was involved by reticular infiltrates on HRCT and/or whether patients exhibited an MRSS of at least 23, a subgroup of patients emerged in whom there was an average CYC treatment effect of 9.81% at 18 months (P < 0.001). Conversely, there was no treatment effect (a −0.58% difference) in patients with less severe HRCT findings and a lower MRSS at baseline.

Conclusion

A retrospective analysis of the Scleroderma Lung Study data identified the severity of reticular infiltrates on baseline HRCT and the baseline MRSS as patient features that might be predictive of responsiveness to CYC therapy.
Efficient and effective prediction of social tags to enhance web search
Authors: Hsu Ming‐Hung , Chen Hsin‐Hsi
Published: May 2011

As the web has grown into an integral part of daily life, social annotation has become a popular manner for web users to manage resources. This method of management has many potential applications, but it is limited in applicability by the cold‐start problem, especially for new resources on the web. In this article, we study automatic tag prediction for web pages comprehensively and utilize the predicted tags to improve search performance. First, we explore the stabilizing phenomenon of tag usage in a social bookmarking system. Then, we propose a two‐stage tag prediction approach, which is efficient and is effective in making use of early annotations from users. In the first stage, content‐based ranking, candidate tags are selected and ranked to generate an initial tag list. In the second stage, random‐walk re‐ranking, we adopt a random‐walk model that utilizes tag co‐occurrence information to re‐rank the initial list. The experimental results show that our algorithm effectively proposes appropriate tags for target web pages. In addition, we present a framework to incorporate tag prediction in a general web search. The experimental results of the web search validate the hypothesis that the proposed framework significantly enhances the typical retrieval model.
Experimental Investigation of Gas Holdup and Slug Lengths in an Upflow Monolith Reactor
Authors: Cai W. , Liu X. , Dai L. , Zhang X. , Xu C.
Published: May 2011

A new non‐invasive visualization technology was successfully developed to determine the hydrodynamics parameters of Taylor flow in monolith channels. With the developed method, the gas and liquid slug lengths as well as the gas holdup in channels of different radial positions were measured. Accordingly, the average gas holdup in different radial zones and the mean slug lengths over the monolith cross‐section were calculated with varying superficial gas and liquid velocities. By defining the maldistribution factor, the degree of non‐uniform distributions of these parameters over the monolith cross‐section was investigated quantitatively. The results showed that a moderate gas‐to‐liquid velocity ratio can result in uniform distribution for both gas holdup and slug lengths. In addition, the obtained mean slug lengths were well correlated with simplified Qian and Lawal correlations.
Residence Time Distribution of Steady and Pulsed Flow in a Parallel‐Plate Channel with Staggered Fins
Authors: Olayiwola B. O. , Schaldach G. , Walzel P.
Published: May 2011

The residence time distribution (RTD) in a parallel‐plate channel with staggered fins for both steady and pulsed flow conditions was experimentally determined. Dispersion and tank‐in‐series models were also adopted to characterize the system. The process fluid was water and the experiments were performed at room temperature. A steady Reynolds number Re ranging from 100 to 1000 was studied. The pulsating flow was generated using a frequency f of 6–20 Hz and an amplitude A of 0–2.3 mm. A pulse injection of sodium chloride solution was used as a tracer and the response in the form of electrical conductivity was measured at the outlet stream. The flow in the staggered finned channel approaches nearly plug‐flow behavior with either higher steady‐flow velocity or superposition of oscillation at low Re.
Synthesis and Ring‐Opening Metathesis of Tetraalkoxy‐Substituted [2.2]Paracyclophane‐1,9‐dienes
Authors: Yu Chin‐Yang , Helliwell Madeleine , Raftery James , Turner Michael L.
Published: May 2011

Tetraalkoxy‐substituted [2.2]paracyclophane‐1,9‐dienes can be prepared in three steps from dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes. A mixture of pseudo‐geminal and pseudo‐ortho diastereomers is produced and the pure compounds can be separated by fractional crystallization. The solid state structures of these diastereomers reveal strongly distorted aromatic rings consistent with high levels of ring strain. Reaction of these diastereomers with the second generation Grubbs catalyst shows that only the pseudo‐geminal isomer can be ring opened to give cis,trans‐distrylbenzenes. The origin of this selectivity is discussed and the photoisomerization of the as‐formed cis,trans‐product to the all trans isomer is demonstrated.
Amino Acids with Hydrogen‐Bonding Side Chains have an Intrinsic Tendency to Sample Various Turn Conformations in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hagarman Andrew , Mathieu Daniel , Toal Siobhan , Measey Thomas J. , Schwalbe Harald , Schweitzer‐Stenner Reinhard
Published: May 2011

Local structure in unfolded proteins, especially turn segments, has been suggested to initiate the hierarchical protein‐folding process. To determine the intrinsic propensity to form such turn structures, amide I′ band profiles of the Raman, IR, and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra, and several structure‐sensitive NMR J‐coupling constants, have been measured for a series of GxG (x=D, N, T, C) peptides, in which the central x residues are abundant in various turn motifs in folded proteins. In addition, we revisited earlier measured GSG experimental data. To check whether this relatively high propensity for these residues to sample turns reflects an intrinsic propensity, the experimental data were analyzed in terms of conformational distributions that can be described as a superposition of two‐dimensional Gaussian distributions associated with different so‐called mesostates. The analysis reveals that the investigated residues sample dihedral angles similar to those found in the corner residues of various turns, namely, type I/I′, II/II′, and IV β‐turns. Aspartic acid (D) was found to predominantly sample regions attributed to turns, including distributions at the upper border of the upper‐right quadrant of the Ramachandran plot, which bear some resemblance to asx‐turns observed in proteins. This conformation enables hydrogen bonding between the side‐chain carboxylate and the C‐terminal amide group. Altogether, the study shows that the high propensity for T, S, C, N, and D to be located in turn motifs reflects, to a substantial degree, an intrinsic property and supports the role of these residues as initiation sites for hierarchical folding processes that can lead to compact structures in the unfolded state of peptides and proteins.
[Sb10Se10]2+, a Heteronuclear Polycyclic Polycation from a Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ahmed Ejaz , Isaeva Anna , Fiedler Andy , Haft Marcel , Ruck Michael
Published: May 2011

Reaction of antimony, selenium, and selenium(IV) chloride in the Lewis acidic ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl/AlCl3(BMIM: 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) at room temperature yielded air‐sensitive black block‐shaped crystals of [Sb10Se10][AlCl4]2. The triclinic unit cell (space group${P\bar 1}$,a=947.85(2),b=957.79(2),c=1166.31(3) pm;α=103.622(1),β=110.318(1),γ=99.868(1)°;Z=1) contains the first mixed antimony/selenium polycation, [Sb10Se10]2+. The centrosymmetric polycyclic cation consists of two realgar‐like [Sb4Se4] cages, which are connected through positively charged, three‐bonded selenium atoms with a central [Sb2Se2] ring. Quantum chemical calculations predict semiconducting behavior of the compound and indicate primarily covalent bonding with varying ionic contribution within the [Sb10Se10]2+polycation, while the interactions between the polycation and the [AlCl4]−anions are predominantly ionic. The applicability of the Zintl concept to the chemical bonding in the heteronuclear polycation was evaluated by a thorough quantum chemical analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure High‐Temperature Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Isotypic Rare Earth (RE)—Thioborate—Sulfides RE9[BS3]2 [BS4]3S3, (RE: Dy—Lu).
Authors: Borna Marija , Hunger Jens , Ormeci Alim , Zahn Dirk , Burkhardt Ulrich , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Kniep Ruediger
Published: May 2011

The title compounds are prepared by high temperature/high pressure reactions of mixtures of the elements in the molar ratio RE:B:S = 1:3:6 (3.5 GPa, 1673 K, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Syntheses and Structures of the Uranyl Tellurates AgUO2(HTeO5) and Pb2UO2(TeO6).
Authors: Ling Jie , Ward Matthew , Burns Peter C.
Published: May 2011

The title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized in low yields from mixtures of UO2(NO3)2, H6TeO6, and AgNO3 or Pb(NO3)2 (H2O, autoclave, 220 °C, 9 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Several New Oxychalcogenide Materials with the General Formula A2O2M2OSe2 (A: La—Sm, M: Fe, Mn).
Authors: Free David G. , Withers Neil D. , Hickey Peter J. , Evans John S. O.
Published: May 2011

The title compounds are prepared from mixtures of the rare earth metal oxides, Fe or Mn, and Se (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The New Ternary Silicide Gd5CoSi2: Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties.
Authors: Mayer Charlotte , Gaudin Etienne , Gorsse Stephane , Chevalier Bernard
Published: May 2011

The new title compound is synthesized by arc melting of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements followed by annealing at 1003 K for one month.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of gem‐Chlorofluorinated Nitrogen‐Containing Derivatives after Superelectrophilic Activation in Superacid HF/SbF5.
Authors: Liu Fei , Martin‐Mingot Agnes , Jouannetaud Marie‐Paule , Bachmann Christian , Frapper Gilles , Zunino Fabien , Thibaudeau Sebastien
Published: May 2011

Treatment of chlorinated allylic amines like (I) and (IV) with HF and 3.8mol% SbF5 allows direct formation of gem‐chlorofluorinated nitrogen‐containing compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbozincation of Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Kraemer Katja , Leong Paul , Lautens Mark
Published: May 2011

Treatment of cyclopropenes with ZnEt2 and subsequent trapping with electrophiles allows a new, diastereo‐, and enantioselective access to functionalized cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Reaction of Propargylamines with CH2I2 and Et3Al
Authors: Ramazanov I. R. , Yaroslavova A. V. , Khalilov L. M. , Dzhemilev U. M. , Nefedov O. M.
Published: May 2011

formation of cyclopropane or bis‐cyclopropane derivatives depending on the reaction time
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched C‐Tertiary Amines from Boronic Esters: Application to the Synthesis of Igmesine.
Authors: Bagutski Viktor , Elford Tim G. , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: May 2011

Tertiary boronic esters are converted into tertiary alkylamines with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Nitrosyl Complexes and Their Application in Catalytic Imine Hydrogenation Reactions.
Authors: Dybov Alexander , Blacque Olivier , Berke Heinz
Published: May 2011

The new catalyst system exhibits high TOF values in the reduction of imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Amide Formation via S‐Nitrosothioacids.
Authors: Pan Jia , Devarie‐Baez Nelmi O. , Xian Ming
Published: May 2011

Peptides are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrocyanation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by [Li{Ru(phgly)2(binap)}]X (X: Cl, Br).
Authors: Kurono Nobuhito , Yoshikawa Tatsuya , Yamasaki Mikio , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: May 2011

The Ru complexes (I) are found to be highly efficient catalysts for the asymmetric hydrocyanation of aromatic, α,β‐unsaturated, and tert‐alkyl aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Protocol for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Marziale Alexander N. , Jantke Dominik , Faul Stefan H. , Reiner Thomas , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Eppinger Joerg
Published: May 2011

An environmentally friendly protocol for the title reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Arylation of Electron‐Deficient Arenes at Room Temperature.
Authors: Tredwell Matthew J. , Gulias Moises , Gaunt Bremeyer Nadine , Johansson Carin C. C. , Collins Beatrice S. L. , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: May 2011

Various benzaldimines are arylated under mild reaction conditions using aryl trifluoroborates.
ChemInform Abstract: Mg‐Promoted Facile and Selective Intramolecular Cyclization of Aromatic δ‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Miyazaki Takeshi , Maekawa Hirofumi , Yonemura Kazuaki , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Yamanaka Yoshiko , Nishiguchi Ikuzo
Published: May 2011

Title reaction provides facile access towards α‐aryl‐α‐hydroxycycloalkanones.
ChemInform Abstract: ZrOCl2·8H2O‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Isobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Ansari Siddique Akber M. K. , Shinde Devanad B.
Published: May 2011

The synthesis via ZrOCl2‐catalyzed condensation of acid (I) with ketones offers several advantages such as high yields, easy handling, and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Thiophenes with Ethyl Glyoxylate: Easy Access to Chiral Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Huang Zhong , Zhang Jingchang , Zhou Yuqiang , Wang Nai‐Xing
Published: May 2011

Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts alkylation of 2‐substituted thiophenes with ethyl glyoxylate proceeds smoothly in the presence of an axially chiral Ti catalyst (up to 91% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile and an Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Gowd Madhusudana Reddy Muthukur Bhoje , Pasha Mohamed Afzal
Published: May 2011

[via Zr‐catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitriles with NaN3].
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: An Efficient, Inexpensive Catalyst for the One‐Pot Preparation of 3,4‐Dihydropyrano[c]chromenes.
Authors: Nagabhushana H. , Saundalkar S. Sandeep , Muralidhar L. , Nagabhushana B. M. , Girija C. R. , Nagaraja D. , Pasha M. A. , Jayashankara V. P.
Published: May 2011

Optimized reaction conditions allow the synthesis of title compounds (IV) via a three component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐ and Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Between Halopyridines and Nitrogen Nucleophiles.
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Jiang , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Gesing Ernst R. F. , Bolm Carsten
Published: May 2011

The title reaction has the following reaction order: I<Br<Cl=F<OTf.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of New Isoxazolyl Polyhydroacridine‐1,8‐diones in an Ionic Liquid Medium.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Reddy M. Nagi , Shaik Firoz Pasha
Published: May 2011

The title compounds (IV) are obtained from dimedone, various aromatic aldehydes and isoxazolyl amine in the presence of an efficient recyclable ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of H‐Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines via Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidation of an Aliphatic C—H Bond of Tertiary Amine in Air.
Authors: Li Shaoyu , Wu Jie
Published: May 2011

The process involves a silver‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization and a copper‐catalyzed oxidation of an aliphatic C—H bond in the tertiary amine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Tumor Cell Growth Inhibition of Methyl 3‐Amino‐6‐[(hetero)arylethynyl]thieno[3,2‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylates. Structure—Activity Relationships, Effects on the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis.
Authors: Queiroz Maria‐Joao R. P. , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Vale‐Silva Luis A. , Pinto Eugenia , Almeida Gabriela M. , Vasconcelos M. Helena
Published: May 2011

The most active compounds in terms of apoptosis in the NCI‐H460 cell line are (IIIc)—(IIIe).
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Benzylamino‐β‐carboline Derivatives Induce Apoptosis Through G2/M Arrest in Human Carcinoma Cells HeLa S‐3.
Authors: Ikeda Reiko , Iwaki Toshie , Iida Tomoko , Okabayashi Takasumi , Nishi Eishiro , Kurosawa Masaki , Sakai Norio , Konakahara Takeo
Published: May 2011

A variety of β‐carboline derivatives (I) and (II) are synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of 2‐Thiopyrimidine‐4‐one Analogues as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Prachayasittikul Supaluk , Worachartcheewan Apilak , Nantasenamat Chanin , Chinworrungsee Maneekarn , Sornsongkhram Nirun , Ruchirawat Somsak , Prachayasittikul Virapong
Published: May 2011

Title compounds (I) are obtained via S‐alkylation of thiopyrimidin‐4‐one.
ChemInform Abstract: Barbituric Acid Derivatives as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors.
Authors: Kafle Bhooshan , Bhattarai Bharat Raj , Cho Hyeongjin
Published: May 2011

Synthesis and assay for inhibitory activity against human protein tyrosine phosphatase PTB1B are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Cyano and 6‐Unsubstituted 2‐Aryl‐8‐oxopurine from a Common 2‐Oxoimidazole Precursor.
Authors: Zaki Magdi E. A. , Proenca M. Fernanda
Published: May 2011

Intramolecular cyclization of imines (III) in the presence of DBU results in formation of imidazole derivatives (IV) which are slowly transformed into 6‐cyano oxopurine (V) in the presence of TFA.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Supported Synthesis of Some Novel 1,3‐Diarylpyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole Derivatives and Investigation of Their Anticancer Activities.
Authors: Demirayak Seref , Kayagil Ismail , Yurttas Leyla
Published: May 2011

The respective products (II) as well as the corresponding starting material (I) are tested in terms of their antileukemic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Anilinoquinoline Triazines: A Novel Class of Hybrid Antimalarial Agents.
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Srivastava Kumkum , Kumar S. Raja , Siddiqi M. I. , Puri Sunil K. , Sexana Jitendra K. , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: May 2011

A series of novel chloroquinoline derivatives (I) is synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antimalarial activity.Compounds (Ic)‐(If) exhibit antimalarial potency superior to chloroquine.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Lithiation of Methyl Substituted Diarylmethylsilanes: Application to Silanediol Peptide Precursors.
Authors: Hernandez Dacil , Mose Rasmus , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: May 2011

An effective approach to diarylsilyl lithium reagents and their conversion into silanol and silanediol peptide precursors is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Addition of Sulfur Dichloride and Selenium Tetrachloride to Diallyldimethylsilane as the Method of Preparation of Eight‐Membered Heterocycles Containing Silicon and Chalcogens.
Authors: Martynov A. V. , Makhaeva N. A. , Larina L. I. , Amosova S. V.
Published: May 2011

The electrophilic addition of SCl2 or SeCl4 to diallylsilane (I) proceeds strictly according to the Markovnikoff rule furnishing previously unknown thiasilacyclooctane (II) or selenasilaoctane (III), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐β‐keto‐ and α‐Fluoro‐β‐aminophosphonates via Electrophilic Fluorination by Selectfluor.
Authors: Radwan‐Olszewska Kinga , Palacios Francisco , Kafarski Pawel
Published: May 2011

A efficient method to prepare α‐fluoro‐ and α,α‐difluoro‐β‐ketophosphonates as well as α‐fluoro‐β‐aminophosphonates is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Kabachnik—Fields Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates Using H‐Beta Zeolite Catalyst.
Authors: Tillu V. H. , Dumbre D. K. , Wakharkar R. D. , Choudary V. R.
Published: May 2011

The operationally simple procedure provides an efficient access to the biologically interesting α‐aminophosphonates within a few hours.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Amination as an Alternative to Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution for the Synthesis of N‐Alkyltacrines and Analogues.
Authors: Ma Ming , Mehta Jimit , Williams Larry D. , Carlier Paul R.
Published: May 2011

A mild and convenient approach to the synthesis of title compounds (III) and (IX) is based on Pd‐catalyzed amination of heteroaryl chlorides with primary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: New Quinazolinone Alkaloids within Rare Amino Acid Residue from Coral‐Associated Fungus, Aspergillus versicolor LCJ‐5‐4.
Authors: Zhuang Yibin , Teng Xiancun , Wang Yi , Liu Peipei , Li Guoqiang , Zhu Weiming
Published: May 2011

The structures of the new cottoquinazolines B (Ia), C (Ib), and D (Ic) are determined by spectroscopic means, X‐ray analysis, and chemical transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Potent and Selective Indole N‐Type Calcium Channel (Cav2.2) Blocker for the Treatment of Pain.
Authors: Tyagarajan Sriram , et al. et al.
Published: May 2011

Low molecular weight 2‐aryl indoles are derived from a throughput screening lead.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Graphene Nanostructures
Authors: Yazyev Oleg V.
Published: May 2011

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts: Improving Structure and Activity
Authors: Sasaki Kotaro , Vukmirovic Miomir B. , Wang Jia X. , Adzic Radoslav R.
Published: May 2011

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Trialkyl‐(2‐indolyl)borates as Potential Synthetic Intermediates
Authors: Ishikura Minoru
Published: May 2011

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes via the Activation of Allylic C—F Bonds: A Novel Route to β‐Aminofluoroalkenes Using Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination Reactions of 3,3‐Difluoropropenes
Authors: Paquin Jean‐Francois
Published: May 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 1,2‐Cis‐amino Containing Oligosaccharides Toward Biological Investigation
Authors: Manabe Shino
Published: May 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineered Biosynthesis of Plant Polyketides. Structure‐Based and Precursor‐Directed Approach
Authors: Abe Ikuro
Published: May 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Recognition in Mass Spectrometry Focusing on FAB Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Shizuma Motohiro
Published: May 2011

Review: 63 refs.
Maternal depression and anxiety are associated with altered gene expression in the human placenta without modification by antidepressant use: Implications for fetal programming
Authors: Ponder Kathryn L. , Salisbury Amy , McGonnigal Bethany , Laliberte Alyse , Lester Barry , Padbury James F.
Published: May 2011

We sought to determine if maternal depression, anxiety, and/or treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) affect placental human serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2), and 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β‐HSD2) gene expression. Relative mRNA expression was compared among placental samples (n = 164) from healthy women, women with untreated depression and/or anxiety symptoms during pregnancy, and women who used SSRIs. SLC6A4 expression was significantly increased in placentas from women with untreated mood disorders and from women treated with SSRIs, compared to controls. SLC6A2 and 11β‐HSD2 expression was increased in noncontrol groups, though the differences were not significant. SLC6A4, SLC6A2, and 11β‐HSD2 expression levels were positively correlated. The finding that maternal depression/anxiety affects gene expression of placental SLC6A4 suggests a possible mechanism for the effect(s) of maternal mood on fetal neurodevelopmental programming. SSRI treatment does not further alter the elevated SLC6A4 expression levels observed with exposure to maternal depression or anxiety. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:711–723, 2011.
Determination of Trace Metals by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Carbon Nanotube Tower Electrode
Authors: Guo Xuefei , Yun Yeoheung , Shanov Vesselin N. , Halsall H. Brian , Heineman William R.
Published: May 2011

Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) trace detection of the heavy metals ions Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ was done at highly aligned multi‐wall carbon nanotube tower electrodes (CNT tower electrodes). The CNT tower electrode is one type of CNT array that consists of millions of ordered super long CNTs. Osteryoung square‐wave stripping voltammetry was used for the stripping step. This electrode material shows good resolution for individual detection of these four metal ions with calculated detection limits of 12 nM, 25 nM, 44 nM and 67 nM for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, respectively, for a deposition time of 120 s. The detectable limit was as low as 0.5 nM for a 10 min deposition.
Seismic vulnerability assessment to slight damage based on experimental modal parameters
Authors: Michel C. , Guéguen P. , Causse M.
Published: May 2011

The aim of this paper is to adjust behaviour models for each class of structure for vulnerability assessment by using ambient vibration. A simple model based on frequencies, mode shapes and damping, taken from ambient vibrations, allows computation of the response of the structures and comparison of inter‐storey drifts with the limits found in the literature for the slight damage grade, considered here as the limit of elastic behaviour. Two complete methodologies for building fragility curves are proposed: (1) using a multi‐degree of freedom system including higher modes and full seismic ground‐motion and (2) using a single‐degree of freedom model considering the fundamental mode f0 of the structure and ground‐motion displacement response spectra SD(f0). These two methods were applied to the city of Grenoble, where 60 buildings were studied. Fragility curves for slight damage were derived for the various masonry and reinforced concrete classes of buildings. A site‐specific earthquake scenario, taking into account local site conditions, was considered, corresponding to an ML = 5.5 earthquake at a distance of 15 km. The results show the benefits of using experimental models to reduce variability of the slight damage fragility curve. Moreover, by introducing the experimental modal model of the buildings, it is possible to improve seismic risk assessment at an overall scale (the city) or a local scale (the building) for the first damage grade (slight damage). This level of damage, of great interest for moderate seismic‐prone regions, may contribute to the seismic loss assessment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near real-time, on-site, quantitative analysis of PAHs in the aqueous environment using an antibody-based biosensor
Authors: Spier Candace R , Vadas George G , Kaattari Stephen L , Unger Michael A
Published: May 2011

Rapid, on-site, quantitative assessments of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were demonstrated for two field applications. The platform, a KinExA Inline Sensor (Sapidyne Instruments), employed the monoclonal anti-PAH antibody, 7B2.3, which has specificity for 3- to 5-ring PAHs. A spatial study was conducted near a dredging site where contaminated sediments were being removed, and a temporal study was performed during a rainfall event. Most importantly, the generation of near real-time data guided management decisions in the field and determined proper sampling protocols for conventional analyses. The method was able to determine PAH concentrations as low as 0.3 µg/L, within 10 min of sample acquisition, and to assess 80+ samples (not including standards and blanks) in less than 3 d. These results were compared with a laboratory-based gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method in which a wide array of PAHs, including alkylated homologs, were examined. This system shows great promise as a field instrument for the rapid monitoring of PAH pollution. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1557–1563. © 2011 SETAC
Sorption of PBDE in low-density polyethylene film: Implications for bioavailability of BDE-209
Authors: Bao Lian-Jun , You Jing , Zeng Eddy Y
Published: May 2011

The coefficients of partitioning (Kpew) between low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film (50-µm thickness) and water for 23 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were determined based on a regression analysis of sorption kinetics over an extended exposure period (up to 365 d). A curvilinear relationship between log Kpew and log KOW (octanol–water partition coefficient) was obtained for the target BDE congeners with the turning point at log KOW approximately 8. Previously obtained dietary uptake efficiencies of BDE congeners in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were also found to relate curvilinearly to log KOW. In addition, field-measured relative abundances of BDE-209 compiled from previous investigations conducted in the Pearl River Delta of South China were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in abiotic samples (n = 79 from 11 matrices) than in biotic samples (n = 73 from 12 matrices), suggesting the likelihood for reduced bioavailability of BDE-209 in certain biota. Finally, a molecular-scale analysis indicated that the curvilinear relationship between log Kpew and log KOW can be attributed to the energy barrier that a molecule has to overcome as it attempts to diffuse into the LDPE structure, which can become significant for larger molecules. Similarly, the reduced bioavailability of BDE-209 in many biological species can be regarded as a reflection of the magnitude of molecular interactions between cell membranes and BDE-209. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1731–1738. © 2011 SETAC
Intercomparison and applicability of some dynamic and equilibrium approaches to determine methylated mercury species in pore water
Authors: Liu Jinling , Feng Xinbin , Qiu Guangle , Yao Heng , Shang Lihai , Yan Haiyu
Published: May 2011

To assess adequately the impact of methylmercury (MeHg) on sensitive wetland ecosystems, accurate measurements of MeHg in pore water are required. In the present study, the feasibility of three methods for porewater sampling was investigated with respect to MeHg in sediments and rice paddy fields. The performance of dialysis samplers (peepers), sediment core sectioning followed by porewater separation by centrifugation (core), and the thin film diffusive samplers (DGT) were evaluated. These methods were intercompared in field experiments at two sites in Guizhou province, SW China disparately impacted by mercury pollution. All the methods report that the concentrations of MeHg in the soils of the Gouxi (GX) rice paddy near Wanshan were much higher than that in the sediment of the Hongjiadu Reservoir (HR), which is located within the Wujiang River basin. The three methods also report different MeHg profiles at the same site. However, these methods exhibit different temporal and spatial resolution scales, due to the differing operations involved with the sampling methods, may also reflect different states of MeHg in pore water. This corresponds to MeHg derived from diffusive flux, equilibrium concentration, and bulk concentration in pore water detected by DGT, peeper, and sediment core, respectively. The advantages and limits of the three methods are also presented. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1739–1744. © 2011 SETAC
Desorption of pyrethroids from suspended solids
Authors: Fojut Tessa L , Young Thomas M
Published: May 2011

Pyrethroid insecticides have been widely detected in sediments at concentrations that can cause toxicity to aquatic organisms. Desorption rates play an important role in determining the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds, such as pyrethroids, because these compounds are more likely to be sorbed to solids in the environment, and times to reach sorptive equilibrium can be long. In the present study, sequential Tenax desorption experiments were performed with three sorbents, three aging times, and four pyrethroids. A biphasic rate model was fit to the desorption data with r2 > 0.99, and the rapid and slow compartment desorption rate constants and compartment fractions are reported. Suspended solids from irrigation runoff water collected from a field that had been sprayed with permethrin 1 d before were used in the experiments to compare desorption rates for field-applied pyrethroids with those for laboratory-spiked materials. Suspended solids were used in desorption experiments because suspended solids can be a key source of hydrophobic compounds in surface waters. The rapid desorption rate parameters of field-applied permethrin were not statistically different from those of laboratory spiked permethrin, indicating that desorption of the spiked pyrethroids is comparable to desorption of the pyrethroids added and aged in the field. Sorbent characteristics had the greatest effect on desorption rate parameters; as organic carbon content of the solids increased, the rapid desorption fractions and rapid desorption rate constants both decreased. The desorption rate constant of the slow compartment for sediment containing permethrin aged for 28 d was significantly different compared to aging for 1 d and 7 d, whereas desorption in the rapid and slow compartments did not differ between these treatments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1760–1766. © 2011 SETAC
NO emissions in oxy‐coal combustion with the addition of steam in an entrained flow reactor
Authors: Álvarez Lucia , Riaza Juan , Gil Maria V. , Pevida Covadonga , Pis José J. , Rubiera Fernando
Published: May 2011

The NO emissions of a semi‐anthracite and a high‐volatile bituminous coal were studied under oxy‐fuel combustion conditions in an entrained flow reactor (EFR). The results obtained under oxy‐fuel atmospheres (21%O2–79%CO2, 30%O2–70%CO2 and 35%O2–65%CO2), were compared with those produced in air. The replacement of CO2 by 5, 10, and 20% of steam in the oxy‐fuel combustion atmospheres was also evaluated in order to study the wet recirculation of flue gas. The NO emissions during oxy‐fuel combustion were lower than those in air‐firing, and a slight increasing trend in NO emissions was observed as O2 concentrations in the oxy‐fuel atmospheres increased. Similarly, the NO concentration was reduced by the addition of steam, both under air and under oxy‐fuel atmospheres, but no relevant differences between the different steam concentrations were observed. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Aligned 3D human aortic smooth muscle tissue via layer by layer technique inside microchannels with novel combination of collagen and oxidized alginate hydrogel
Authors: Rayatpisheh Shahrzad , Poon Yin Fun , Cao Ye , Feng Jie , Chan Vincent , Chan‐Park Mary B.
Published: May 2011

Tissue engineering of the small diameter blood vessel medial layer has been challenging. Recreation of the circumferentially aligned multilayer smooth muscle tissue has been one of the major technical difficulties. Some research has utilized cyclic stress to align smooth muscle cells (SMCs) but due to the long time conditioning needed, it was not possible to use primary human cells because of expeditious senescence occured. We demonstrate rapid buildup of a homogeneous relatively thick (30–40 μm) aligned smooth muscle tissue via layer by layer (LBL) technique within microchannels and a soft cell‐adhesive hydrogel. Using a microchannelled scaffold with gapped microwalls, two layers of primary human SMCs separated by an interlayer hydrogel were cultured to confluence within the microchannels. The SMCs aligned along the microchannels because of the physically constraining microwalls. A novel double layered gel consisting of a mixture of pristine and oxidized alginate hydrogel coated with collagen was designed to place between each layer of cells, leading to a thicker tissue in a shorter time. The SMCs penetrated the soft thin interlayer hydrogel within 6 days of seeding of the 2nd cell layer so that the entire construct became more or less homogeneously populated by the SMCs. The unique LBL technique applied within the micropatterned scaffold using a soft cell‐adhesive gel interlayer allows rapid growth and confluence of SMCs on 2D surface but at the same time aligns the cells and builds up multiple layers into a 3D tissue. This pseudo‐3D buildup method avoids the typical steric resistance of hydrogel embedding. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Microfinance and sustained economic improvement: Women small‐scale entrepreneurs in Ethiopia
Authors: Belwal Rakesh , Tamiru Misrak , Singh Gurmeet
Published: May 2011

Women entrepreneurs account for a sizable majority of small‐scale entrepreneurs in Africa. A minor change in their capitalization could assure their participation in diverse productive activities and has a large impact on their lives and families, as well as on the economy. While their access to credit is impeded profoundly because of the regulatory constraints imposed by formal financial institutions, on one hand, the informal sector interest rates as high as 300 per cent are literally untenable, on the other. The paper investigates the contribution of microfinance to the economic improvement of women small‐scale entrepreneurs in Addis Ababa. The research assesses the impact of credit and saving services on the economic improvement of women small‐scale entrepreneurs by using secondary data and a quantitative analysis based on questionnaires and interviews. The study probes financial facets such as income, savings, credit, financial services, family obligations and access to education. It concludes that women entrepreneurs who obtain microfinance face a number of problems. The study exposes the overall environment constraining women entrepreneurs on financial fronts and suggests some measures of relief to ameliorate the situation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatographic method for enantiopurity control of alaptide using polysaccharide stationary phases
Authors: Douša Michal , Lemr Karel
Published: May 2011

Separation of veterinary drug alaptide ((S)‐8‐methyl‐6,9‐diazaspiro(4,5)decane‐7,10‐dione) from a chiral impurity (R‐enantiomer) was developed. Five chiral columns (three amylose and two cellulose type) were evaluated in a reversed‐phase system. Three of them offered satisfactory enantiomeric resolution. Finally, three methods were validated and proved to be applicable for the determination of a chiral impurity content below 0.1% (method A: 3‐AmyCoat column, tris‐[3,5‐dimethylphenyl]carbamoyl amylose; mobile phase: water/methanol/propan‐2‐ol/butan‐2‐ol=75:20:3.5:1.5 v/v, flow rate: 0.40 mL/min; column temperature: 30°C; method B: Chiralpak AS‐3R, tris‐[1‐phenylethyl]carbamoyl amylose; water/acetonitrile=80:20 v/v, 0.40 mL/min; 40°C; method C: Chiralcel OZ‐3R, tris‐[3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenyl] carbamoyl cellulose; water/acetonitrile=80:20 v/v, 0.40 mL/min; 40°C). Some decrease in efficiency with repeated sample injections was observed for the 3‐AmyCoat column. The resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase increased probably due to the change in chiral selector conformation. This effect was considerably suppressed by propan‐2‐ol or to a greater extent by butan‐2‐ol added to a mobile phase. Simple regeneration was also suggested to recover efficiency of the column.
PTSD Criterion A1 events: A literature‐based categorization
Authors: Luz Mariana Pires , Mendlowicz Mauro , Marques‐Portella Carla , Gleiser Sonia , Berger William , Neylan Thomas C. , Coutinho Evandro S. F. , Figueira Ivan
Published: May 2011

Thirty years after creation of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, its literature could still benefit from standardization of traumatic events. The authors report the type and frequency of traumatic events found in the mainstream PTSD literature using a bibliometric approach, and propose a categorization based on the terms used for their description. Articles containing [ptsd OR “stress disorder*”] in the title field found in the ISI/Thompson Reuters (Philadelphia, PA) 1991–2006 database were classified according to the event studied. The authors describe each event's absolute and proportional figures, and construct a categorization of the events. The bibliometric analysis of PTSD literature is helpful in planning research, and the proposed categorization may represent an advance toward the standardization of traumatic events.
A Risk Assessment Perspective of Current Practice in Characterizing Uncertainties in QSAR Regression Predictions
Authors: Sahlin Ullrika , Filipsson Monika , Öberg Tomas
Published: May 2011

The European REACH legislation accepts the use of non‐testing methods, such as QSARs, to inform chemical risk assessment. In this paper, we aim to initiate a discussion on the characterization of predictive uncertainty from QSAR regressions. For the purpose of decision making, we discuss applications from the perspective of applying QSARs to support probabilistic risk assessment. Predictive uncertainty is characterized by a wide variety of methods, ranging from pure expert judgement based on variability in experimental data, through data‐driven statistical inference, to the use of probabilistic QSAR models. Model uncertainty is dealt with by assessing confidence in predictions and by building consensus models. The characterization of predictive uncertainty would benefit from a probabilistic formulation of QSAR models (e.g. generalized linear models, conditional density estimators or Bayesian models). This would allow predictive uncertainty to be quantified as probability distributions, such as Bayesian predictive posteriors, and likelihood‐based methods to address model uncertainty. QSAR regression models with point estimates as output may be turned into a probabilistic framework without any loss of validity from a chemical point of view. A QSAR model for use in probabilistic risk assessment needs to be validated for its ability to make reliable predictions and to quantify associated uncertainty.