bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pt doped boron carbide monolayer nanosheet as a work function-type sensor for ibuprofen drug; quantum chemical study
Authors: Wu liang
Published: February 2021

Through density functional theory (DFT), the sensitivity of the Pt-doped and the pristine BC3 nanosheets to ibuprofen (IBP) was scrutinized. The IBP drug does not impact the electronic properties evaluated for the pristine BC3. However, its sensitivity and reactivity are increased to the IBP drug to a great extent after doping it by Pt. Unlike the pristine BC3, the adsorption of the IBP drug decreases the HOMO-LUMO gap associated with the Pt-doped BC3 sheet from 1.29 to 1.04 eV, which improves the electrical conductivity. In addition, the adsorption of the IBP drug will mainly impact the work function of the Pt-doped BC3 sheet, which in turn modifies the electron emission current from its sheet. This verifies that the Pt-doped BC3 sheet can be utilized as a work-function-type sensor to detect the IBP drug. For desorption of the IBP drug, the recovery time of the Pt-BC3 nanosheet is short, i.e., 5.65 ms, which is another advantage of this sheet.
Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Metabolic Syndrome Based on Machine Learning Algorithms and Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Liu Guanzhi , Chen Chen , Kong Ning , Lei Yutian , Luo Sen , Huang Zhuo , Wang Kunzheng , Yang Pei , Huang Xin
Published: February 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a common and complicated metabolic disorder and defined as a clustering of metabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance or diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. However, its early diagnosis is limited because the lack of definitive clinical diagnostic biomarkers. In present study, we aim to select several candidate gene as a blood-based clinically applicable transcriptomics signature for metabolic syndrome. Method: We collected so far the largest MetS-associated peripheral blood high-throughput transcriptomics data and put forward a novel feature selection strategy by combining weighted gene co-expression network analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, LASSO regression and random forest approaches. Then, based on selected hub gene signature, we performed logistic regression analysis and subsequently established a web nomogram calculator for metabolic syndrome risk to detect the diagnostic value of this hub gene signature. Finally, Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, Hosmer-Lemeshow good of fit test and decision curve analysis showed the classification and calibration performance as well as potential clinical benefit of this hub gene signature. Results: Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, we identified 2 gene modules and 51 hub genes associated with metabolic syndrome. Then, we subsequently performed further feature selection via LASSO regression and random forest method. Finally, a 9-hub-gene signature with high diagnostic value and a web nomogram calculator for metabolic syndrome risk (https://xjtulgz.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/) were developed. This 9-hub-gene signature showed excellent classification and calibration performance (AUC= 0.968 in training set, AUC= 0.883 in internal validation set, AUC= 0.861 in external validation set) as well as ideal potential clinical benefit. Conclusions: The blood-based 9-hub-gene signature identified in present study and the web nomogram calculator for metabolic syndrome risk are possible to accurately achieve the noninvasive screening or diagnosis of MetS considering the excellent classification ability, calibration and potential clinical benefits.
Determinants of Material Footprint in BRICS Countries: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Sahoo Malayaranjan , Saini Seema , Villanthenkodath Muhammed Ashiq
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the relationship between renewable energy consumption, urbanization, human capital, trade, natural resources, and material footprint for BRICS countries from 1990 to 2016. We apply the cross-sectional dependency test to check the correlation among the cross-section. Then, we use the second-generation panel test like CADF and CIPS to check the stationary in the series. After that, we go for the panel cointegration test, i.e., Pedroni and Westerlund panel cointegration, to know the long-run relationship of the variable. The test results reject the null hypothesis of no cointegration among the variables and accept cointegration. The long-run results indicate that economic growth, natural resources, renewable energy, and urbanization have reduced the environmental quality for BRICS countries in case of material footprint employed to measure environmental degradation. However, foreign trade, human capital improves environmental quality. Based on the empirical results, the study recommended some important policy suggestions to achieve sustainable development in BRICS countries.
Lymphocyte Subsets Analysis in Evaluating Prognosis of HIV Negative Patients with Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Jin Fan , Xie Jing , Wang Huan-ling
Published: February 2021

Objectives We analyzed the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patients infected with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), aimed to find out the relationship between the levels of different types of lymphocytes with the prognosis of patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed HIV negative patients with PCP diagnosed in our department, all the eligible patients underwent lymphocyte subsets analysis on admission. Results A total of 88 HIV negative PCP patients were enrolled in the study. In univariate analyses, low CD4+ T cell count, low CD8+ T cell count, and low natural killer cell (NK cell) count were associated with in-hospital mortality. CD8+ T cell count≤300/μL was found to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in multivariate logistical regression analysis (p=0.015, OR=11.526, 95%CI=1.597-83.158). Although low CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts were not independent risk factors, the mortality rates of PCP patients decreased sequentially with the increased levels of CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts. Conclusion The immunity process of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection is complex and crucial. We proposed that lymphocyte subsets give clinicians better understandings of patients 3 immune status, early identification of potential lethal patients and decision making, such as adjusting immunosuppressive regimen and choosing appropriate patient monitoring level.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of RuO2 doped LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material for Lithium-ion battery
Authors: Kalaiselvi K. , Premlatha S. , Raju M. , Guruvaiah Paruthimal Kalaignan
Published: February 2021

LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized by a sol-gel method using nitrate precursor calcined at 800°C for 10 hours. The crystallite nature of samples is confirmed from X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM and TEM analyses were used to investigate the surface morphology of the prepared samples. It was found that, highly crystalline polyhedral RuO2 nanoparticles are well doped on the surface of pristine LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 with a size of about approximately 200 nm. The chemical composition of the prepared samples was characterized by EDX and XPS analyses. The electrochemical performance of the proposed material was studied by cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge analyses. The electrode kinetics of the samples was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The developed RuO2 doping may provide an effective strategy to design and synthesize the advanced electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. The doping strategy has dramatically increased the capacity retention from 74 % to 90% with a high discharge capacity of 251.2 mAhg− 1. 3 % RuO2-doped LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode materials have showed the similar characteristics of two potential plateaus obtained at 2.8 and 4.2 V compared with un doped electrode cathode material. These results revealed the enhanced performance of RuO2- doped LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 during insertion and extraction of lithium ions compared to pristine material.
Integrated single-cell analysis unveils diverging immune features of COVID-19, influenza and other community-acquired pneumonia.
Authors: Schuurman Alex , Reijnders Tom , Saris Anno , Ramirez-Moral Ivan , Schinkel Michiel , Brabander Justin de , Linge Christine van , Vermeulen Louis , Scicluna Brendon , Wiersinga Willem , Braga Felipe A. Vieira , Poll Tom van der
Published: February 2021

The exact immunopathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) remains clouded by methodological heterogeneity and a lack of relevant disease controls. The absence of single-cell investigations in the broader population of patients with CAP renders it difficult to distinguish immune features unique to COVID-19 from the common characteristics of a dysregulated host response to pneumonia. We performed integrated single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in PBMCs from a matched cohort of eight patients with COVID-19, eight patients with CAP caused by Influenza A or other pathogens, and four non-infectious control subjects. Using this balanced, multi-omics approach we describe shared and diverging transcriptional and phenotypic patterns – including increased levels of type I interferon stimulated NK cells in COVID-19, cytotoxic CD8 T EMRA cells in both COVID-19 and influenza, and distinctive monocyte compositions between all groups – and thereby expand our understanding of the peripheral immune response in different etiologies of pneumonia.
Deformation Mechanism of Deposit Landslide Induced by Fluctuations of Reservoir Water Level Based on Physical Model Tests
Authors: Jiang Zihua , Wang Huanling , Xie Weichau
Published: February 2021

Located in reservoir area of Dahuaqiao Hydropower Station in Lancang River, the Dahua ancient deposit landslide exhibits high possibility of reactivation due to reservoir impoundment. In this study, physical model tests are conducted to investigate the variations of groundwater, deformation, and failure process of the landslide under different fluctuation speeds of reservoir water level. Influence of groundwater on landslide stability when reservoir water level fluctuating is analyzed then. Results indicate that the seepage pressure caused by water level difference can increase landslide displacement. During the dropping process of reservoir water level, the relationship between landslide displacement and water level difference can be described by a power function model. Groundwater has negative effects on stability of landslides, and the damage is characterized by traction landslide. More attentions should be paid on the displacement of the front edge of the landslide during the first rise and drop of reservoir water level. The study provides indispensable information for scheduling reservoir water level in the Dahuaqiao and others similar reservoir areas, thus having vital importance.
Improved Overall Survival and Decreased Metastasis With Adjuvant 5-Fluorouracil and Platinum Chemotherapy After Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for N3 Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Registry-Based Analysis
Authors: Tsai Mu-Hung , Wu Shang-Yin , Yu Tsung , Tsai Sen-Tien , Wu Yuan-Hua
Published: February 2021

Background and purpose

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the established treatment for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, there is no evidence supporting routine adjuvant chemotherapy. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival and distant metastasis in high-risk N3 NPC patients.
Materials and methods

We linked the Taiwan Cancer Registry and Cause of Death database to obtain data. Clinical N3 NPC patients were divided as those receiving definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and platinum (PF) chemotherapy and those receiving no chemotherapy after CCRT. Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. We compared overall survival, disease-free survival, local control, and distant metastasis in both groups using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
Results

We included 431 patients (152 and 279 patients in the adjuvant PF and observation groups, respectively). Median follow-up was 4.3 years. The 5-year overall survival were 69.1% and 57.4% in the adjuvant PF chemotherapy and observation groups, respectively (p = 0.02). Adjuvant PF chemotherapy was associated with a lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–0.84; p = 0.003), even after adjusting for baseline prognostic factors (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43–0.86; p = 0.005). Distant metastasis-free survival at 12 months was higher in the adjuvant PF chemotherapy group than in the observation group (98% vs 84.8%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for baseline prognostic factors, adjuvant PF chemotherapy was associated with freedom from distant metastasis (HR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.46; p = 0.003).
Conclusion

Prospective evaluation of adjuvant PF chemotherapy in N3 NPC patients treated with definitive CCRT is warranted because adjuvant PF chemotherapy was associated with improved overall survival and decreased risk of distant metastasis.
Interfacial Properties of [Pt/Co/Pt] Trilayers Probed Through Magnetometry
Authors: Won Young Chan , Lim Sang Ho
Published: February 2021

The magnetic and interface properties of [Pt/Co/Pt] were investigated. First, the magnetic properties were determined from the magnetic dead layer plots, in which the Co layer was considered as two distinct parts representing different magnetic properties. The two parts with low and high tCo ranges are close to and away from the top interface (Co/Pt), respectively. The part close to the top interface shows a smaller magnetization (M) value and nonlinear behavior. However, the other part shows a higher M value closer to the bulk value and a linear behavior. The nonlinear behavior of the M values of the low tCo range was converted to an impurity level using simple assumptions. The results showed the effect of the top Pt layer on the magnetic properties of the Co layer. The results clearly demonstrate that magnetometry could be utilized as a means to understand the interface quality of magnetic multilayer systems
Evaluation of Cardiac Thrombus Stability based on Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiography：Research Protocol and Preliminary Results
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Xin , Ren Weidong , Xiao Yangjie , Yu Xiaona , Tan Xueying
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study attempted to test a new scoring system for evaluating the stability of cardiac thrombi using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods: We used human whole blood to make the thrombus model in vitro which were divided into 2 groups, the 1-hour (T1h) and 7-day (T7d) group. The T1h group was monitored for 1 hour continuously to observe for the formation of a new thrombus on the original thrombus base. Over time, changes in CEUS images and pathology and shear wave elastography (SWE) of thrombus were observed in theT1h and T7 groups. Twenty-eight adult patients diagnosed with a cardiac thrombus were selected and examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and CEUS. Thrombi were scored for substrate (Ts) and hardness (Th) based on the visualized degree of contrast penetration into the thrombus. The Ts and Th were statistically analyzed for thrombolytic time and the risk of embolism to other organs. Results: In vitro, pathology revealed a decreased pore structure; further, the average Young’s modulus of the thrombi over time indicated a progressive increase in hardness. Contrast-enhancing agents were able to enter a fresh, loose thrombus, but were not able to enter a chronic, stable thrombus. With increasing Ts and Th, thrombolytic time was prolonged, and the risk of embolism to other organs was increased. Conclusions: Our study results suggest that this new CEUS scoring system can evaluate the hardness of a cardiac thrombus and the quality of its underlying substrate; this allows for quantitative evaluation of thrombus stability.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach Combined With Plantar Tendon Transfer Repairing Neglected Achilles Tendon Rupture Compared to the Conventional Approach of V-Y Tendon Plasty: A Retrospective Study With Two Years Follow-Up
Authors: Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Liu Yanshi , Luo Biao , Li Pengfei , Jielile Jiasharete , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang
Published: February 2021

Background

Unlike acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR), neglected Achilles tendon rupture (NATR) requires usually tendon grafting procedures for repair tendon defects caused by removing scar tissue. The conventional open surgery of V-Y tendon plasty and minimally invasive technique with plantar tendon transfer had been described, but the long-term efficacy between the two techniques still needs further certification.
Methods

Between February 1, 2008, and July 31, 2018. All of 46 patients with neglected Achilles tendon rupture, 25 patients in group A (21 males and 4 females; age, 34.28 ± 6.97 years) underwent the conventional operation of V-Y tendon plasty, and 21 patients in group B (14 males and 7 females; age, 35.29 ± 7.42 years) were treated by the minimally invasive technique. Two years follow-up was performed for the functional recovery with examinations of the Achilles tendon rupture score (ATRS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle Hind-Foot Scale Score, dorsiflexion, calf circumference, and heel raise test.
Results

Patient characteristics between the two groups were similar. The functional score of ATRS and AOFAS in Group B was higher than patients in group A at postoperative months 3, 6, and 12, while there is no difference at month 24. In group A, there were three patients exposed to soft tissue infections (two superficial infections and one deep infection) and one case with tendon exposure. In group B, a patient with tendon re-rupture was observed. There was no difference in dorsiflexion and calf circumference at follow-up two years and the much better recovery in heel raise test group B than A.
Conclusions

Two different techniques produced a significant functional improvement, and return to sports. However, this study demonstrated that the minimally invasive technique was recommended for patients with a tendon defect less than 6 cm and who have an urgent demand to return to the sports.
Exploring the Oxygenase Function of Form II Rubisco for Production of Glycolate from CO2
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Junli , Cai Zhen , Zhou Jie , Li Yin
Published: February 2021

The oxygenase activity of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) converts ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) into 2-phosphoglycolate, which in turn channels into photorespiration, resulting in carbon and energy loss in higher plants. We observed that glycolate can be accumulated extracellularly when two genes encoding the glycolate dehydrogenase of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were inactivated. This inspired us to explore the oxygenase function of Rubisco for production of glycolate, an important industrial chemical, from CO2 by engineered cyanobacteria. Since the oxygenase activity of Rubisco is generally low in CO2-rich carboxysome of cyanobacteria, we introduced Form II Rubisco, which cannot be assembled in carboxysome, into the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. Heterologous expression of a Form II Rubisco from endosymbiont of tubeworm Riftia pachyptila (RPE Rubisco) significantly increased glycolate production. We show that the RPE Rubisco is expressed in the cytoplasm. Glycolate production increased upon addition of NaHCO3 but decreased upon supplying CO2. The titer of glycolate reached 2.8 g/L in 18 days, a 14-fold increase compared with the initial strain with glycolate dehydrogenase inactivated. This is also the highest glycolate titer biotechnologically produced from CO2 ever reported. Photosynthetic production of glycolate demonstrated the oxygenase activity of Form II Rubisco can be explored for production of chemicals from CO2.
Cytomegalovirus Keratitis in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia    Report of a Case
Authors: mosavi seyed aliasghar , DARYABARY SEYED-HASHEM , Moghtaderi MOHSEN
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Here, we report a rare case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) developed a bilateral dendritic epithelial keratitis without retinitisCase presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented to the emergency department of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran due to dyspnea and dry cough along with weakness, lethargy and weight loss resulting from acute myeloblastic leukemia. She was treated for systemic problem. In a while after developing pain, burning, redness of the eyes and ocular mucopurulent discharge, ocular symptoms began. The patient was initially treated with oral acyclovir with a possible diagnosis of Herpes simplex virus Keratitis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed on ocular discharge specimens collected by soft-tipped applicators reported as CMV. Then, acyclovir was discontinued and bilateral CMV keratitis treated with IV Ganciclovir and her epithelial lesions gradually disappeared. Conclusions: CMV is capable of generating corneal epithelial engagement without corneal endothelium and retina involvement and demonstrated that CMV keratitis can be a rare cause but an emergent problem of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Therefore, in any cases with bilateral corneal herpes keratitis, the patient should be evaluated for immune system deficiency.
Tamarix Articulata Exhibits Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Activity by Modulating PI3K-Akt and TGF-β-Mediated Downstream Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Alnuqaydan Abdullah M , Almutary Abdulmajeed G , Alajlan Abdullah M , Tamim Abdullah Al , Alowaifeer Abdullah , Rather Mohd Younus , Rah Bilal
Published: February 2021

Anticancer drugs mainly kill tumor cells through the apoptosis mechanism, but they can become ineffective when tumor cells are metastatic. Thus, searching for plant-based extracts/compounds to curtail metastasis is extremely important. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of Tamarix articulata (TA) extract against prostate cancer cells. MTT, Brd U, and trypan blue assays was performed to evaluate the cell viability. TUNEL assay were performed to determine apoptotic cells. Clonogenic, wound healing and Boyden chamber assay were conducted to evaluate the anti-clonogenic, anti-motility, and anti-invasive potential of TA. Zymography and immunoblotting were done to check the activity and expression of metalloproteases and proteins associated with metastasis. Our results demonstrated that TA extract significantly inhibits cell viability, clonogenic property, and displays IC₅₀ values in the 245–289 µg/mL range. TA extract significantly abrogates the motility and invasive property of LnCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, TA extract downregulates the expression of PI3K-Akt/TGF-β-SMAD2/3 and MMP-2/-9 with concomitant upregulation of TIMP1 expression in LnCaP cells. Additionally, we observe a dose-dependent downregulation of snail and vimentin with the upregulation of E-cadherin protein expression in LnCaP cells. In conclusions, TA extract exhibits an antiproliferative effect, abrogates cell motility and invasion by downregulating PI3K-Akt/TGF-β-SMAD2/3, MMP-2/9, snail, and vimentin with concomitant upregulation of E-cadherin and TIMP1 expression in prostate cancer cells.
Xa7 , A Small Orphan Gene Harboring Promoter Trap for AvrXa7, Leads to the Durable Resistance to Xanthomonasoryzae pv. Oryzae.
Authors: Wang Congying , Chen Shen , Feng Aiqing , Su Jing , Wang Wenjuan , Feng Jinqi , Chen Bing , Zhang Meiying , Yang Jianyuan , Zeng Liexian , Zhu Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe rice (Oryza sativa) gene Xa7 has been hypothesized to be a typical executor resistance gene against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and has conferred durable resistance in the field for decades. Its identity and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain elusive.Results Here, we filled in gaps of genome in Xa7 mapping locus via BAC library construction, revealing the presence of a 100-kb non-collinear sequence in the line IRBB7 compared with Nipponbare reference genomes. Complementary transformation with sequentially overlapping subclones of the BACs demonstrated that Xa7 is an orphan gene, encoding a small novel protein distinct from any other resistance proteins reported. A 27-bp effector binding element (EBE) in the Xa7 promoter is essential for AvrXa7-inducing expression model. XA7 is anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and triggers programmed cell death in rice and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). The Xa7 gene is absent in most cultivars, landraces and wild rice accessions, but highly homologs of XA7 were identified in Leersia perrieri, the nearest outgroup of the genus Oryza.ConclusionsXa7 acts as a trap to perceive AvrXa7 via EBEAvrXa7 in its promoter, leading to the initiation of resistant reaction. Since EBEAvrXa7 is ubiquitous in promoter of rice susceptible gene SWEET14, the elevated expression of which is conducive to the proliferation of Xoo, that lends a great benefit for the Xoo strains retaining AvrXa7. As a result, varieties harboring Xa7 would show more durable resistance in the field. Xa7 alleles analysis suggests that the discovery of new resistance genes need not be limited to wild rice, but could instead be extended to wild grass such as Leersia genus.
WITHDRAWN: Precise Engineering of Nanoassembled Corilagin Small Molecule into Supramolecular Nanoparticles for the Treatment and Care against Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Gao Yan , Zhang Yongai , Li Jing , Zhang Haimiao
Published: February 2021

Cervical cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in the world and responsible for a significant percentage of women's deaths. In spite of advances in clinical and medical techniques, cervical cancer is indeed a big challenge. Latest treatments to breast cancer include surgical reduction, radiotherapy, estrogen treatment and the use of multiple chemotherapeutic medications. However, drug resistance, related severe adverse reactions, metastases and recurrence risks do need to be tackled, involving safe and alternate methods. Herein, we present tumor-specific targeting supramolecular nanoassembly, and therapeutically to overcome the different challenges raised by the distribution of the pharmaceutical potential anticancer drug Corilagin. On covalent conjugations of hydrophobic linoleic acid by carboxylic group, the Corilagin prodrugs were skilled in impulsively nanoassembly into extremely stable nanoparticles size (~ 100 nm). Electron microscopic techniques have examined the newly synthesized morphology of Corilagin-NPs. The anticancer properties of Corilagin and Corilagin-NPs against CaSki and HeLa (cervical carcinoma) cancer cell lines have been evaluated after successful synthesis. Other research, such as dual staining acridine orange/ethidium bromide, Hoechst 33344 and flow cytometry study on the apoptosis mechanisms, have shown that proliferation in cervical cancer cells is associated with apoptosis. Compared to Corilagin, Corilagin-NPs demonstrate excellent biocompatibility, this study clarified the Corilagin-NPs as a healthy and cervical cancer care chemotherapeutics technique and deserve further clinical evaluations.
The cutting behavior of cortical bone in different bone osten cutting angles and depths of cut
Authors: Luo Yuanqiang , Ren Yinghui , Shu Yang , Mao Cong , Zhou Zhixiong , Bi Zhuming
Published: February 2021

Cortical bones are semi-brittle and anisotropic, this brings the challenge to suppress vibration and avoid undesired fracture in precise cutting processes in surgeries. In this paper, we proposed a novel analytical model to represent cutting processes of cortical bones, and we used to evaluate cutting forces and fracture toughness, and investigate the formations of chips and cracks under varying bone osteon cutting angles and depths. To validate the proposed model, the experiments are conducted on orthogonal cuttings over cortical bones to investigate the impact of bone osteon cutting angle and depth on cutting force, crack initialization and growth, and fracture toughness of cortical bone microstructure. The experimental results highly agreed with the prediction by the proposed model in sense that (1) curly, serrated, grainy and powdery chips were formed when the cutting angle was set as 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, respectively. (2) Bone materials were removed dominantly by shearing at a small depth of cut from 10 to 50 µm, and by a mixture of pealing, shearing, and bending at a large depth of cut over 100 µm at different cutting orientations. Moreover, it was found that a cutting path along the direction of crack initialization and propagation benefited to suppress the fluctuation of cutting force thus reduce the vibration. The presented model has theoretical and practical significance in optimizing cutting tools and operational parameters in surgeries.
Reassess Young Breast Cancer Risk Factor in Mainland of Penang, Malaysia
Authors: AMRAN FITREENA ANIS , Saupi Mohd Fareez Hairi Mohd , Teh Jun Xian , Vellasamy Nagarajan T
Published: February 2021

IntroductionUntil today, there is no clear cut off point for age in young breast cancer. Multiple studies have shown that breast cancer among women diagnosed before age of 40 is increasing in trend and have poorer survival rate. Incidence rate among Malaysian breast cancer from the age of 25 and below 40 is also increasing in trend. This is first paper in Malaysia to ascertain the risk factors among young breast cancer in mainland of Penang state, MalaysiaMethodThis is a retrospective study which includes young women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1st January 2015 until 31st December 2019, from HSJ cluster hospitals. Inclusion criteria are 40 years old and below at the age of diagnosis of breast cancer, female and complete sociodemographic data. ResultThis study has shown that 17.07% of women with young breast cancer are age before 31 years old and most are age from 36 to 40 years old. Young age at menarche (12 years old and below), positive family history of breast cancer, use of oral contraceptive pill, breastfeeding history and pregnancy history (parity at least 1 and above) are strongly associated with increased risk of young breast cancer with P-value<0.05. ConclusionThis is a small-scale study on young breast cancer patient. Larger population study should be performed to confirm this findings and dwell further on other possible risk factors.
Brain endothelial LRP1 maintains blood brain-barrier integrity
Authors: Storck Steffen , Pietrzik Claus
Published: February 2021

The entry of blood-borne molecules into the brain is restricted by the blood brain-barrier (BBB). Various physical, transport and immune properties tightly regulate molecule movement between the blood and the brain to maintain brain homeostasis. A recent study utilizing a pan-endothelial, constitutive Tie2-Cre showed that paracellular passage of blood proteins into the brain is governed by endocytic and cell signaling protein low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1). Taking advantage of conditional Slco1c1-CreERT2 specific to CNS endothelial cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells we now supplement previous results and show that brain endothelial Lrp1 ablation results protease-mediated tight junction degradation, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) reduction and a loss of BBB integrity.
Differential Microbial Assemblages Associated with Shikonin-producing Borage Species in Two Distinct Soil Types
Authors: Fazal Aliya , Yang Minkai , Wen Zhongling , Ali Farman , Ren Ran , Hao Chenyu , Chen Xingyu , Fu Jiangyan , Wang Xuan , Jie Wencai , Yin Tongming , Lu Guihua , Qi Jinliang , Yang Yonghua
Published: February 2021

Shikonin and its derivatives are the main components of traditional Chinese medicine, Zicao. The pharmacological potential of shikonin and its derivatives have been extensively studied. Yet, less is known about the microbial assemblages associated with shikonin producing Borage plants. We studied microbial profiles of two Borage species, Echium plantagineum (EP) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE), to identify the dynamics of microbial colonization pattern within three rhizo-compatments and two distinct soil types. Results of α and β-diversity via PacBio sequencing revealed significantly higher microbial richness and diversity in the natural soil along with a decreasing microbial gradient across rhizosphere to endosphere. Our results displayed genotype and soil type–dependent fine-tuning of microbial profiles. The host plant was found to exert effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil, resulting in reproducibly different micro-biota. Analysis of differentially abundant microbial OTUs displayed, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes to be specifically enriched in EP and LE rhizosphere while endosphere was mostly prevailed by Cyanobacteria. Network analysis to unfold co-existing microbial species displayed different types of positive and negative interactions within different communities. The baseline data provided here will help to identify microbes associated with different rhizo-compartments of potential host plants. In the future, this might be helpful for manipulating the keystone microbes for ecosystem functioning.
The Impacts of Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Education Expenditure on CO2 Emission Intensity of Real GDP in China
Authors: Huang He , Deng Qiushi , Li Liang
Published: February 2021

BackgroundWith the economic development, China has become the world's largest CO2 emitter. Given that climate warming has increasingly become the focus of the international community, Chinese government committed to reducing its CO2 emission intensity substantially. Prior studies find that the evolution of economic structure and technological progress can reduce CO2 emissions, but lack of considering CO2 emissions and output as a whole. In addition, the role of education expenditure is relatively overlooked. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the link of CO2 emission intensity, non-renewable energy consumption and education expenditure in China during 1971-2014. ResultsWe use the ARDL approach and find that in the long run, every 1% increase in non-renewable energy consumption results in a 0.92% increase in CO2 intensity, while every 1% increase in operational education expenditure reduces the CO2 intensity by 0.86%. In the short term, 36% of the deviation from the long run equilibrium is corrected in the next period.ConclusionsWe draw out two important conclusions and make important policy recommendations. First and foremost, as long as the increase in operational educational expenditure exceeds the increase in non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 intensity of real GDP will decrease in the long run. This means that in the development stage when economic activities are still highly dependent on non-renewable energy sources, the Chinese government should continue to vigorously increase expenditures on public education. Second, the increase in non-renewable energy consumption will result in an increase in CO2 intensity of real GDP. Therefore, gradually increasing the proportion of clean energy consumption in the energy nexus is another powerful starting point for China to achieve its goal of reducing CO2 intensity of real GDP.JEL ClassificationC32. I2. Q4. Q53. Q56.
Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery for Macroadenomas: New Understanding of Pseudocapsules
Authors: Wu Zhuqing , Xu Jiang , Zheng Zijian , Ai Yunzhi , Li Meihua , Hong Tao , Zhou Dongwei , Duan Jian , Lu Guohui
Published: February 2021

PurposeExtracapsular resection of pituitary microadenomas has been widely reported, but only a few studies have carried out further investigations in macroadenomas, especially using the endonasal endoscopic approach. The authors of this study combined not only the interoperative characteristics of pituitary adenomas and pseudocapsules but also the surgical technique, outcomes and complications in macroadenomas to investigate the pseudocapsule.MethodsIn total, 143 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas (maximum diameter 15 - 40 mm) who underwent endoscopic endonasal-transsphenoidal surgery between January 1, 2017, and August 1, 2019, were included in the study. ResultsAmong 143 patients, 48 patients had an intact pseudocapsule, 56 patients possessed an incomplete pseudocapsule and the remaining 38 patients had no pseudocapsule. A white and thick pseudocapsule was more frequent (p=0.016) in fibrous adenomas, but tumor fibrosis (p=0.004) and adenoma apoplexy (p<0.001) were the factors that predicted the pseudocapsular integrity and hindered en bloc extracapsular resection according to a logistic regression analysis. In addition, the adenoma size (p=0.185) did not influence pseudocapsular integrity. Partial capsulectomy for macroadenomas did not show a significant advantage over piecemeal resection in gross total tumor resection (GTR) or biochemical remission (p=0.731 and p=0.685, respectively), but GTR in whole capsular resection was 100%. Additionally, this resection method had a higher risk of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p=0.010) and a lower incidence of new hormone deficit (p=0.043) than piecemeal resection.ConclusionsThe pseudocapsule widely exists in pituitary macroadenomas and extracapsular resection can improve GTR and hormone remission rate and reduce the occurrence of postoperative pituitary dysfunction in short-time.
The Correlation of Antibacterial Peptides Concentration in Umbilical Cord Blood and Early-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Miao Jiayu , Liu Ying , Li Zengqing , Ren Zhuxiao , Zhong Zhicheng , Yan Longli , Xu Fang , Xia Xin , Wang Jianlan , Yang Jie
Published: February 2021

Background: The role of serum LL37 in systemic inflammation has been confirmed, and the influence of it in umbilical cord blood to early-onset sepsis in preterm infants is currently being investigated.Results: The level of LL37 of sepsis group was higher than those of in control group (362.13±46.71 vs 248.13±83.30 ng/ml), the levels of CRP, WBC and MPV in sepsis group were higher than those of in control group (6.25±4.19 vs 2.89±2.77 mg/L; 17.60±12.35 vs 8.24±3.55×109/L; 11.10±1.11 vs 8.93±0.68 fL), the level of PLT was lower than those of in control group (175.20±38.51 vs 245.75±49.85×109/L) (P < 0.05). The expression of LL37 was negatively correlated with PLT (r = -0.9347, P < 0.0001), and positively correlated with MPV ((r =0.9463 , P < 0.0001), the expression of PLT was negatively correlated with MPV (r = -0.9641, P < 0.0001). The area under curve of LL37 for diagnosis of early-onset sepsis was 0.875, the prediction probability was 0.7, the sensitivity was 90.0% and the specificity was 80.0%.Conclusions：The higher level of LL37 in umbilical cord blood was associated with the development of early-onset sepsis in preterm infants.
Improving performance intelligence for governing an integrated health and social care delivery network: a case study on the Amsterdam Noord district
Authors: Bos Véronique LLC , Klazinga Niek S , Kringos Dionne S
Published: February 2021

Background: A guiding principle of a successful integrated health and social care delivery network is to establish a governance approach based on learning, grounded in a data and knowledge infrastructure. The ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ is a network of health and social care providers with the ambition to realize such a performance intelligence driven governance model in line with the Triple Aim. This study seeks to identify what performance intelligence is available and how it can be improved.Methods: This case study was conducted in the district of Amsterdam Noord, the Netherlands, and employed 23 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in health and social care, a feasibility analysis of available administrative data, and a reflection meeting with board members of the ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’. Information needs for performance intelligence by the stakeholders were mapped and a data landscape of the district covered by the network was drafted. Finally, in the reflection meeting with board members of the ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ the information needs and data landscape were aligned with governing needs, resulting in priority domains around which to strengthen the data infrastructure for governance of the integrated health and social care delivery network. Results: The ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ encompasses a network of providers with a diverse range of catchment areas. There are indicators on population health and welfare, however they have limited actionability for providers due to a misalignment with their respective catchment areas. There is a barrier in data exchange between health and social care providers. It is difficult to construct one indicator for per capita cost in the Dutch health data infrastructure as health and social care are subdivided in financing siloes. Priority domains for improvement of performance intelligence for the ‘Krijtmolen Alliantie’ are: 1) Per capita and per patient cost data integration that would allow combined accountability through bundling of financing, and 2) combined patient experience and outcome measures to reflect network quality of care and patient experience performance. Conclusion: Available performance intelligence lacks actionability for the governance of integrated care networks. Our recommendation is to align performance intelligence with the regional governance responsibilities of stakeholders for health and social care delivery.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of equal channel angular pressing route and temperature on the mechanical behavior of ZE41 Mg alloy
Authors: Chiranth B.P. , Siddaraju C. , Sevvel P. , Gupta M. , Mishra R.K. , Ajay A. Joe , Prabhu Ram
Published: February 2021

A commercial ZE41 Mg alloy was processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using route BC (90o sample rotation after each pass) and route C (180o sample rotation after each pass) at 250, 300 and 350 oC for up to 4 passes. Significant grain refinement from ∼150 μm to ∼33 μm occurred at the higher third and fourth ECAP passes. The most effective process among all routes and temperature combinations was via route C at 250 oC. Nearly 83% increase in yield strength, 58% increase in ultimate tensile strength, and 107% increase in fracture strain were observed after 4 ECAP passes using route C at 250 oC. The increase in the strength of the alloy was attributed to grain refinement during static and dynamic recrystallization. Fractography of tensile samples showed that shallow dimples change to fine dimples at higher passes modifying the failure mode from cleavage to ductile fracture.
An Integrated Curvature Surface Inspection and Prediction System for 5-Axis Synchronization Machining
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Weng Wei-Han
Published: February 2021

There is an urgent demand for free form products in industry at the present time because of their superior appearance and the wide variety of functions they perform. Five-axis high-speed CNC machining technology has developed to satisfy this demand, but further improvement in surface quality metric inspection technology is the big challenge it now faces. In this study, the effects of jerk on the performance of five-axis synchronous high-speed CNC ball nose end mills on a freeform turbine mold were investigated. The relationships of characteristics of the images of 14 jerk-cluster finished workpieces with different jerk setting values were established, allowing surface texture features to be analyzed and surface roughness predicted. In addition, machine learning methods were integrated with the surface feature analysis to construct a virtual machining module that acts as a performance prediction system, merging the virtual machine tool functions, surface texture processor and AI roughness prediction processor. Using the geometric information of the workpiece, cutting parameters and machine tool parameters as inputs, product performance metrics combining surface roughness and machining time can be predicted as outputs of the system. The integrated system provides users with a way to evaluate manufacturing performance before performing actual operations and to reduce test time for cutting parameter development. The model is suitable for complex surface finishes as well as for the production of small batches with high parametric variance. In addition, the partial set of image processing and roughness prediction modules can be used alone as an effective intelligent surface quality inspection system.
Additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication: evolution and trends
Authors: Aguilar-Duque Julian Israel , Garcia Jorge Luis , Hernández-Arellano Juan Luis
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology to know their evolution and trends, analyzing the materials, workforce, machinery, methods, and management been used. A literature review is done regarding FFF usage between 2010–2020. Data is analyzed for identify the countries that are applying this technology, the industrial sector, academic resources available and a curve is fitted to data for forecasting a trend until 2025. Projections indicate a growth of 300% for workforce in FFF usage for 2025, 280% for machinery, 312% for materials, 275% for the creation and modification of methods and, 320% growth for management activities.
Poor weight gain and its predictors among preterm neonates admitted at Muhimbili National hospital in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania from September 2018 to February 2019
Authors: Ndembo Victoria Paul , Naburi Helga , Kisenge Rodrick , Leyna Germana H. , Moshiro Candida
Published: February 2021

Background: Preterm delivery is among the major public health problems worldwide and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Postnatal poor weight gain, which can contribute to mortality, can be influenced by feeding practices, medical complications and quality of care that is provided to these high-risk neonates. This study aimed to investigate the proportion and predictors of poor weight gain among preterm neonates at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), from September 2018 to February 2019.Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort study involving preterm neonates with Gestation age (GA) <37 weeks receiving care at MNH. Eligible preterm, were consecutively recruited at admission and followed up until discharge, death or end of neonatal period. Poor weight gain was defined as weight gain less than 15g per kg per day. The risk factors associated with poor weight gain were evaluated. Predictors of poor weight gain were evaluated using a multivariate analysis. Results were considered statistically significant if P -value was ˂ 0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI) did not include 1 Results: A total of 227 preterm neonates < 37 weeks GA, with male to female ratio of 1:1.2 were enrolled in the study. The overall proportion of preterm with poor weight gain was 86.8% (197/227). Proportion of poor weight gain among the early and late preterm babies, were 88.5% (100/113) and 85.1% (97/114) respectively. Predictors of poor weight gain were low level of maternal education (AOR=2.58; 95%Cl: 1.02-6.53), cup feeding as the initial method of feeding (AOR=8.65; 95%Cl: 1.59-16.24) and delayed initiation of the first feed (AOR=10.06; 95%Cl: 4.14-24.43). A previous history of preterm delivery was protective against poor weight gain (AOR=0.33; 95% Cl: 0.11-0.79). Conclusion and recommendation: Poor weight gain was a significant problem among preterm receiving care at MNH. This can be addressed by emphasizing on early initiation of feed and tube feeding for neonates who are not able to breastfeed. Health education and counselling to mothers focusing on feeding practices as well as close supervision of feeding especially for mothers experiencing difficulties in feeding their preterm will potentially minimize risk of growth failure.