bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of sand impurities in cement-treated clays
Authors: Chian S. C. , Chim Y. Q. , Wong J. W.
Published: July 2016

Cement stabilisation is a well-established technique used in conventional onshore soil improvement works where a large quantity of cement is added to increase the soil's shear strength. However, the application to land reclamation often requires only a low cement dosage and at much higher water content, far exceeding the liquid limit of the soil. In addition, reclamation fill is becoming more heterogeneous with varying amounts of granular material in clayey soils. In this study, a higher unconfined compressive strength of cement-treated clayey soils is attained at a lower water to cement (w/c) ratio. This is persistent for clayey soils with sand impurities. The soil to cement (s/c) ratio produces differing strength development in cement-treated clayey soils, owing to counteracting mechanisms between the degree of bonding and size of pore volume, arising from different amounts of cement and water content, respectively. The normalised strength development of cement-treated clayey soils with curing time follows a logarithmic relationship across different w/c, s/c and sand content. Strong linear correlations between early-age and later-age curing specimens are also observed, which permits early strength prediction of cement-treated clayey soils. In order to account for the variation in microfabric characteristics and pore spaces induced by sand, the free water to cement ratio, (w/wL)/c, is shown to be more appropriate in assessing strength development of cement-treated soils than conventional water to cement ratio (w/c). This is demonstrated with matching strength predictions and measured values for both Singapore marine clay and kaolin clay.
Long-term loss of beach material from the Eastern English Channel
Authors: Thomas Ian
Published: July 2016

Pevensey Coastal Defence Ltd has been managing the sea defences in Pevensey Bay, on the south coast of England, since June 2000. The public–private partnership sea defence scheme is a 25-year project to enhance and then maintain a mixed sand/shingle embankment that will provide protection against flooding and prevent breach of the bank from any storm up to 1:400 years. Providing the required standard of defence means ensuring sufficient shingle is on the beach, and that it is in the right place. This is achieved by monthly global positioning system monitoring surveys. Now, with data from over 100 surveys, there is evidence to suggest that fine sediment from the sand terrace below the embankment is being lost at a rate of around 8000 m3/year. This paper looks at possible natural and man-made reasons why this may occur, with a view to seeing whether this trend may be reversed or contained.
Strategies to minimise the effects of delayed payments
Authors: Francis Mathusha , Ramachandra Thanuja , Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele
Published: July 2016

Delayed payments to parties in the construction supply chain are due to cash-flow difficulties of upper-tier parties. The phenomenon is common in the construction industry, and in Sri Lanka most government-funded large-scale projects experience payment delays. This research therefore investigates the effects of delayed payments and possible strategies that could help minimise their effects. A survey approach was adopted where an equal sample (N = 10) of contractors and subcontractors, drawn through purposive sampling, were interviewed. The sample is justified through ‘saturation’, which determines the credibility of research findings in qualitative research. Solicited views were grouped under themes, with NVivo 10 software used to organise the responses. The research found that over 60% of main contractors and subcontractors have experienced the effects of cash-flow difficulties and project delays. They are generally affected by irregular progress payments. Contractors and subcontractors strategise, other than by using contractual provisions, to help maintain their business relationships with upper-tier parties and to survive industry competition. Main contractors (70%) depend on bank loans, while subcontractors (40%) tend to negotiate feasible payment plans and use fund transfer mechanisms in delayed payment situations. The research suggests proactive actions that will ensure the effective implementation of contractual provisions.
Briefing: Determining productivity and safety indices using BIM
Authors: Teo Evelyn Ai Lin
Published: July 2016

This research project, funded by the Workplace Safety and Health Institute of the Singapore Ministry of Manpower, investigated the potential of incorporating productivity and safety using building information modelling (BIM) as the platform. An intelligent system, named Intelligent Productivity and Safety System, was developed to determine the productivity index and the safety index of a building using BIM technology, a buildable design concept and prevention and control of hazards detected in the BIM, and incorporating the Construction Safety Audit Scoring System.
Pre-implementation planning – the weak link in rail projects
Authors: Allport Roger James
Published: July 2016

Increasingly, authorities put major infrastructure projects centre-stage in their plans and strategies and invest scarce resources in them; indeed, the number and scale of projects is increasing. It therefore matters that they achieve their objectives, for if they do not, what then? This paper considers the evidence for urban rail (metro) systems drawing on the author’s experience and research supplemented by published evidence. Too often, these projects fall short, particularly in delivering operational success. The weak link in project development is shown to be the pre-implementation planning phase, particularly the early days. This is when decisions have major downstream implications and unless well informed and managed result in consequential inevitable problems. This paper identifies issues with common practice and defines a practical agenda for planning improvement. Often, this requires a greater investment in planning effort and deferring commitment to a project until this decision can be made with confidence. The prescriptions recommended are shown to have much in common with insights from a report by the UK National Audit Office, subsequently addressed. Finally, this paper considers their relevance to the UK’s major infrastructure project – HS2, which is a different scale of investment – and finds that they are likely to be relevant.
Multi-criteria optimisation of the Muskingum flood model: a new approach
Authors: Easa Said M.
Published: August 2016

Existing Muskingum hydrological routing models adopt a single criterion in the calibration process. Some models minimise the sum of the squared deviations between estimated and observed outflows (outflow criterion), while others minimise the sum of the squared deviations between the estimated and observed storages (storage criterion). However, models that adopt the outflow (storage) criterion result in a poor fit to the observed storages (outflows). This paper presents a new approach that incorporates both criteria in the calibration process and aids trade-off analysis. The multi-criteria function is expressed as a weighted function of normalised outflow and storage criteria, representing the deviations from ideal outflow and storage values. The routing procedure is based on the author's four-parameter Muskingum model with constant parameters and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The proposed model was applied to three examples. A criterion weight of 0·4–0·6 was found to produce an excellent trade-off between outflow and storage criteria. The results show that the model substantially improves on both criteria compared with single-criterion models. The proposed model, which properly captures the entire flood propagating characteristics in calibration, should be of interest to hydrological engineers and practitioners.
Analysing changes in short-duration extreme rainfall events
Authors: Darch Geoff J. C. , McSweeney Robert T. , Kilsby Christopher G. , Jones Phillip D. , Osborn Timothy J. , Tomlinson James E.
Published: August 2016

Two approaches are presented for using the UKCP09 weather generator (WG) to assess changes in extreme short-duration rainfall. The first provides change factors for design storms of varying duration and frequency, building on established hydrological techniques and with uncertainty estimation. The second approach characterises and facilitates the selection of WG timeseries for use in impact models. The methods have been tested at ten case study sites around the UK. The results show an increase in the intensity of short-duration (1 h and 12 h) events in winter but a reduction in summer, although the latter is subject to high levels of uncertainty. The number of intense events increases slightly and more significantly for some locations, especially in winter. Generally, it is hard to establish any conclusions geographically, although increases in rainfall intensity and events in the Lake District site stand out. The methods provide practical techniques for utilising the UKCP09 WG to assess the impacts of climate change, in particular for urban drainage and sewer modelling.
An optimisation model for reservoir operation
Authors: Sulis Andrea
Published: August 2016

A methodology for determining reservoir operating rules in a multi-reservoir water system using a linear programming model is presented. The methodology includes optimisation and simulation tools within an implicit stochastic optimisation framework. It aims to support water decisions in a participatory and integrated risk management approach to drought events by selecting and evaluating reservoir operating rules based on hydrological scenarios. A test case widely used in the literature is investigated to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology. Plausible results are obtained, encouraging the possibility of applying linear programming in identifying reservoir rules, particularly under drought conditions.
Phosphorus sorption to suspended sediment in freshwater
Authors: Tang Hongwu , Zhao Hanqing , Li Zhiwei , Yuan Saiyu , Li Qingxia , Ji Fei , Xiao Yang
Published: August 2016

The effect of flow transport on phosphorus sorption to suspended sediment was investigated by combining field experiments with indoor experiments. The phosphorus distribution was found to be spatially variable and the phosphorus concentration gradient between pore water and overlying water decreased with sediment resuspension in the Huaihe River. Indoor experiments were conducted in a batch reactor and an elongated flume. Flow transport accelerated phosphorus sorption onto suspended sediment and the time to reach quasi-equilibrium decreased with an increase in flow velocity in dynamic water. Both phosphorus sorption amount and sorption rate were affected by the flow velocity, the initial phosphate concentration and suspended sediment concentration. The influence of flow velocity on phosphorus sorption amount was found to be controlled by the variance of the initial phosphate concentration. When compared with other isothermal adsorption models, the Langmuir equation provided the best description of the phosphorus sorption performance of the hydrodynamic experiments. Adsorption and desorption were not exactly equal, and the phosphorus sorption amount fluctuated with time in a quasi-equilibrium state in the flume experiments.
Innovations in Saint Petersburg's 12 km siphon sewer, Russia
Authors: Vasilyev Viktor , Vasilyev Fedor
Published: August 2016

A major new trunk sewer was finally completed in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 2014 after 28 years in the making. It now carries nearly all the city's sewage for treatment by way of a 12 km long siphon rather than allowing it to discharge to the Neva River. The sewer's unprecedented design features a number of innovative solutions. A distinctive feature is the unique arrangement of composite construction shaft connections in the pressurised section of the sewer. This paper describes the solutions adopted for removing and treating entrained air, collecting debris and preventing corrosion in the inner structures and tunnels. Alternative solutions for more efficient sewage discharge and treatment are also described. The solutions are applicable to the design and construction of other large-scale urban sewer systems.
Using a sand–mud model to hindcast the morphology near Waarde, the Netherlands
Authors: Dam Gerard , Bliek Abraham J
Published: July 2016

Due to the construction of two cross-shore groynes near Waarde in the Western Scheldt estuary, the Netherlands, morphological changes in the area have occurred. A mud flat has developed between the groynes and at the tip of the groynes scour has occurred which has contributed to channel migration. Both the sand and mud fraction have contributed to this change. In this paper a process-based morphological model is presented that can reproduce most morphological changes thanks to the fact that both fractions are taken into account, as well as the interaction between sand and mud. Using the model, 5 years of morphological changes were simulated from the construction of the groynes onwards. The Brier-skill score of the erosion/sedimentation pattern is 0·35, which means that the model has significant skill and can be classified as reasonable. A regression coefficient of 0·66 is found for the observed and modelled mud content in the bed after 5 years, which means that the model can reproduce the mud content reasonably well for most locations. The model can clearly distinguish between a sand- or mud-dominated area.
Practice of cultural ecology concept in Wuhan concession area, China
Authors: Wu Zhiling , Huang Huan , Smolders Bert , Verweij Jos
Published: August 2016

Wuhan is a metropolis in central China, located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and Han River, known as a city of history and culture. Wuhan's concession areas embody the urban development established in 1861 and are located near the Yangtze River bank, including British, German, Russian, French and Japanese concessions. However, these concession areas began to decline over time. This paper takes the Qingdao Road historic district as a case study and explores the conservation and renewal principles from two levels: physical form and cultural and socio-economy based on the cultural ecology concept. It offers an example which could be applied to the conservation and renewal in other similar cases.
Spatially varied flow impact on resistance in corrugated pipes
Authors: Kouchakzadeh Salah , Bayat Esmaeel , Azimi Rasoul , Bagherimiyab Fereshteh
Published: August 2016

The roughness coefficient is a significant factor in hydraulic design process, but carries vast uncertainty in practice. This paper reports the resistance coefficients of corrugated PVC pipes under different flow regimes (i.e. pressurised, gradually varied flow (GVF) and spatially varied flow (SVF) with increasing discharge). The investigated corrugated pipes are mainly used in subsurface drainage systems and carry a SVF. The influence of SVF on the roughness coefficient of such pipes has not yet been reported. The pipes were first examined to determine the roughness coefficient for pressurised flow. The influence of GVF and SVF was then studied. The results show that pipes behave differently in different flow regimes and the impacts of each flow condition on the flow resistance are reported here.
CORRECTIVE FEEDBACKS INTERACTION IN CLT-ADOPTED CLASSROOMS
Authors: Liskinasih Ayu
Published: July 2016

This case study aimed to examine corrective feedback (CF) pattern in the interactions of Indonesian EFL (English as Foreign Language) classrooms (a speaking and a grammar classrooms) which adopt CLT (Communicative Language Teaching). Two lecturers and twenty undergraduate English department students of an A-class university in Indonesia were involved as research participants. The findings revealed that the lecturers employed all types of CF to treat all types of errors. Explicit corrections were dominant in Speaking class as well as other explicit CF; whereas reformulations and prompt were equally distributed. Elicitation was dominant in Grammar class as well as other prompts; meanwhile, explicit and implicit CFs had similar proportion. The lecturers’ preferences were based on their beliefs on how their students learn foreign language and some factors such as the importance of CF to the instructional focus of the lesson, the possibility to generate student’s uptake, and also their empathetic values about students’ current language development. It was concluded that the provisions of CF in EFL classrooms reflect the application of CLT.
GENDER COGNITION IN RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE: A STUDY OF FRAMING IN THEMATIC HOLY KORAN INTERPRETATION
Authors: Anshori Dadang S.
Published: July 2016

 

The study is aimed at describing gender cognition phenomenon in religious discourse in thematic interpretation (tafsir) of the Holy Koran published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Each interpretation book as a written discourse is different from each other due to author’s cognition frame. This study employs a constructive qualitative approach with technical framing analysis. The data are language data (religious text) that are obtainable from thematic interpretation of the Koran of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Data analysis was performed on the following topics: the origins of the creation of men and women, women's leadership, women and inheritance rights, women and ownership, and women's testimony. The research findings show: (1) The lingual and religious discourse containing gender cognition are present in the forms of words, phrases, and sentences. The lingual form of religious discourse is related to the meaning of technical vocabulary that contains appropriate understanding of the discourse topic. (2) Discourse representing gender cognition is found on three topics: women leadership (nation leadership), waris (inheritance), and women’s testimony. In terms of inheritance and women’s testimony, this interpretation refers to conditions that are explicitly stated in the Holy Koran. Meanwhile, this interpretation views leadership of the nation as more worthy to be given to men than women. book looks is more worthy of leadership in the countries was given to men than women.
Effect of Infant Formula on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation
Authors: Hinds Laura M , Moser Elizabeth A S , Eckert George , Gregory Richard L
Published: July 2016

Objective: This study investigated the effect that infant formula had on biofilm growth of Streptococcus mutans. Specifically, it compared biofilm growth in media containing lactose-based and sucrose-based formulas. It also analyzed biofilm formation with formulas of varying iron content. Biofilm growth was tested with the specific infant formula components sucrose, lactose, and ferric chloride. The study was designed to determine if these types of infant formulas and components affected S. mutans biofilm formation differently. Study design: A 24-hour culture of S. mutans was treated with various concentrations of infant formula diluted in bacteriological media. To test for biofilm formation, S. mutans was cultured with and without the infant formula and formula components. The biofilms were washed, fixed, and stained with crystal violet. The absorbance was measured to evaluate biofilm growth and total absorbance. Results: Sucrose-based formulas provided significant increases in biofilm growth when compared to lactose-based formulas at two dilutions (1:5, 1:20). Similac Sensitive RS (sucrose-based) at most dilutions provided the most significant increase in biofilm growth when compared to the control. Sucrose tested as an individual component provided more of a significant increase on biofilm growth than lactose or iron when compared to the control. A low iron formula provided a significant increase in biofilm growth at one dilution (1:5) when compared to formula containing a normal iron content. There was no significant difference in biofilm growth when comparing high iron formula to normal iron formula or low iron formula. There was no significant difference when comparing Similac PM 60/40 (low iron formula) to Similac PM 60/40 with additional ferric chloride. Conclusion :The results of this study demonstrated that sucrose-based formula provided more of a significant increase in biofilm growth compared to lactose-based formula. Sucrose alone provided a significant increase of biofilm growth at more dilutions when compared to the control than lactose and iron. The amount of iron in formula had a significant effect on biofilm formation only when comparing low iron formula to normal iron formula at the highest concentration (1:5). There was no significant difference in biofilm growth when iron was added to the low iron formula. The information obtained expands current knowledge regarding the influence of infant formula on the primary dentition and reinforces the importance of oral hygiene habits once the first tooth erupts.
Association between Optimism, Psychosocial Well Being and Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thiruvenkadam G , Asokan Sharath , Baby John J , Geetha Priya PR
Published: July 2016

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association of optimism and psychosocial well being of school going children on their oral health status. Study design: The study included 12- to 15-year-old school going children (N = 2014) from Tamilnadu, India. Optimism was measured using the revised version of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). A questionnaire was sent to the parents regarding their child's psychosocial behavior which included shyness, feeling inferiority, unhappiness and friendliness. Clinical examination for each child was done to assess the DMFT score and OHI-S score. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test with the aid of SPSS software (version 17). Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Boys with high optimism had significantly lesser DMFT score than the boys with low optimism (p=0.001). Girls with high optimism had significantly higher DMFT score (p=0.001). In psychosocial outcomes, inferiority (p=0.002) and friendliness (p=0.001) showed significant association with DMFT score. Among the boys, children who felt less inferior (p=0.001), less unhappy (p=0.029) and more friendly (p=0.001) had lesser DMFT score. Conclusion: Among the psychosocial outcomes assessed, inferiority and friendliness had significant association with oral health of the children and hence, can be used as a proxy measures oral health.
Effectiveness of Air Drying and Magnification Methods for Detecting Initial Caries on Occlusal Surfaces Using Three Different Diagnostic Aids
Authors: Goel Deepti , Sandhu Meera , Jhingan Pulkit , Sachdev Vinod
Published: July 2016

Objective-The aim of this study was to assess the effect of magnification and air-drying on detection of carious lesion. Study Design-44 human extracted premolars were selected with sound occlusal surfaces without frank cavitation. The Diagnostic techniques used were Unaided visual examination, Magnifying Loupes (4.2×) and Stereomicroscope (10×, before and after air-drying) and then the teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and both the surfaces were examined under Stereomicroscope (50×) to assess the presence or absence of carious lesion in the pit and fissures. The scores were compared to obtain Cohen's kappa coefficient (Reproducibility) and subjected to the Friedman Test and Paired t test. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value used to assess accuracy. Results-On Statistical analysis, visual examination before and after air drying had highest specificity but lowest sensitivity compared to different diagnostic techniques. Magnifying loupes after air-drying had highest sensitivity and lowest specificity compared to other diagnostic techniques. Conclusion-Air drying combined with magnifying aids are cost-effective, reliable method for detection of early carious lesion. If used in pediatric clinical practice, any undesirable pain and discomfort to the patient due to invasive procedures and helps in employing preventive measures.
CAD/CAM Endocrown Fabrication from a Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network Block for Primary Molar: A Case Report
Authors: Bilgin Mehmet Selim , Erdem Ali , Tanrıver Mehmet
Published: July 2016

Objective: The aim of this case report is to describe the treatment of a primary molar with a deep carious lesion by pulpotomy and placement of a ceramic endocrown. Clinical case: A 7-year-old male patient with profound caries in tooth number 85 was referred to our clinic and underwent a pulpotomy. As the final treatment in tooth restoration, placement of an endocrown was planned, because little more than half of the tooth structure remained. After an additional request from the patient's parents for an advanced and prompt restoration, a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block was chosen. A three-dimensional model of the arch was obtained after scanning the dental cast, and the endocrown was designed digitally according to the model. When the design was complete, the endocrown was fabricated with a milling machine. Finally, the endocrown was cemented with self-adhesive resin cement. Results: Over the 9-month follow-up period, no pulpal or periradicular pathology was observed on radiographs. Regarding the crown, the marginal fit was excellent, the anatomical form was protected, and no discoloration occurred. Conclusion: During follow-up, the CAD/CAM PICN block endocrown proved to be a good material for the short- to long-term treatment of a primary tooth. However, more clinical cases and follow-up are required to investigate the long-term effects of antagonistic tooth wear.
Control of White Spot Lesions with Use of Fluoride Varnish or Chlorhexidine Gel During Orthodontic Treatment A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Restrepo M , Bussaneli D G , Jeremias F , Cordeiro RCL , Raveli DB , Magalhães AC , Candolo C , Santos-Pinto L
Published: July 2016

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and 2% chlorhexidine gel for controlling active white spot lesions (WSLs) adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Study design: Thirty-five orthodontic patients (17.2 ± 2.3 years old) presenting 60 WSLs adjacent to orthodontic brackets were enrolled in this randomized, blind, 3-armed and controlled clinical trial. The patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 arms: (1) two applications of 5% NaF varnish- F, with one-week interval, (2) two applications of 2% chlorhexidine gel-CHX, with one-week interval and (3) usual home care-control (CO). The WSLs were scored by using a DIAGNOdent pen. An independent examiner scored the surfaces using Nyvad criteria for caries assessment. Results: A total of thirty patients presenting 51 lesions completed the study. All treatments reduced the fluorescence values during the experimental period; however, F induced faster remineralization than CHX. After 3 months, 70.58 % were inactive considering all groups. DIAGNOdent pen and Nyvad presented a significant correlation. Conclusion: After 3 months of treatment, F, CHX and CO were capable of controlling the WSLs adjacent to the orthodontic brackets. However, the treatment with F was capable of controlling the progression of the WSLs in a shorter period of time.
Initial Stresses induced in Permanent Maxillary First Molar in Mixed Dentition under Normal Masticatory Forces: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Chauhan Shikhar Pratap , Sharma Divya S , Jain M L
Published: July 2016

Objective: The cross-arch space maintainers are used to prevent mesio-distal movement of teeth under physiologic forces, contrary to adult orthodontics where these are used as anchorage against orthodontic forces. Stresses in periodontal ligaments (PDL) are supposed to be different in pediatric dentistry and need to be studied. This study aimed to create mathematical model and calculated the initial stresses generated in the PDL and the behavior of movement in developing permanent maxillary first molar under masticatory forces using 3D finite element analyses (FEA). Study design: Data acquisition, image processing, geometric modeling followed by FE analyses was done under vertical load of 70N. The generated stress and tooth displacement were observed with or without primary second molar, mesial to permanent maxillary first molar. Results: Masticatory forces resulted in insignificant initial PDL stresses and mesial displacement of permanent maxillary first molar in the intact arch. In the case of missing primary second molar, maximum stresses were on the palatal root and the tooth showed greater mesial displacement with mesio-palatal rotation. Conclusions: Any space maintainer preventing mesio-palatal rotation of permanent maxillary first molar, under physiologic masticatory loadings, may be inserted in case of multiple tooth loss.
TROPICALISMO E CINEMA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA IDENTIDADE CULTURAL NACIONAL
Authors: Rodrigues Walace
Published: July 2016

Este escrito busca trabalhar com a identificação nacional na época do movimento tropicalista. Paratal, utiliza-se duas obras de cinema no intuito de melhor ilustrar os mecanismos discursivos críticos usados pelostropicalistas. Estas obras cinematográficas são “Macunaíma”, de Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, de 1969, e “ByeBye Brasil” de Carlos (Cacá) Diegues, de 1979. As obras se utilizam claramente de uma estética tropicalista paraabordarem a nação brasileira e uma busca de identidade nacional. A utilização de obras de arte cinematográficas,ambas com caráter tão nitidamente brasileiro, pode revelar-nos alguns importantes aspectos identitários própriosda sociedade nacional.Palavras-chave: Tropicalismo. Identidade Nacional. Cultura. Sociedade. Cinema. TROPICALISM AND CINEMA IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NATIONAL CULTURALIDENTITYAbstract: This paper aims to work with national identification during the times of tropicalist movement. To do sowe use two artworks from cinema trying to better illustrate the critical discursive mechanisms used by the tropicalists.These two cinematographic works are “Macunaíma”, by Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, from 1969, and “Bye ByeBrasil”, by Carlos (Cacá) Diegues, from 1979. The works clearly make use of the tropicalist aesthetics to understandthe Brazilian nation and to search for an nation identity. The utilization of cinematographic artworks, clearly brazilians,can reveal us some aspects important identity of the national society.Keywords: Tropicalism. National identity. Culture. Society. Cinema. TROPICALISMO Y CINEMA EN LA CONSTRUCIÓN DE UNA IDENTIDAD CULTURALNACIONALResumen: Este escrito intenta trabajar con la identificación nacional en la época del movimiento tropicalista. Paratal, utilizase de dos obras del cine brasileño para mejor ilustrar los mecanismos discursivos críticos usados porlos tropicalistas. Estas obras cinematográficas son “Macunaíma”, de Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, de 1969, y “ByeBye Brasil” de Carlos (Cacá) Diegues, de 1979. Las obras se utilizan claramente de una estética tropicalista paraabordaren la nación brasileña y una busca de identidad nacional. La utilización de obras de arte cinematográficas,con motivos tan claramente brasileños, poden revelarnos algunos importantes aspectos propios de la identidad yde la sociedad nacional.Palabras clave: Tropicalismo. Identidad Nacional. Cultura. Sociedad. Cine
Editorial
Authors: Nunes Iran de Maria Leitão
Published: July 2016

Editorial
Labour Force Participation of Cameroonians in Informal Sector
Authors: Njoda Mathurin Tchakounté , Ulrich Gaetan MBAM
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we analyze the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of informal workers in Cameroon. We also estimate the effects of some determining factors on LFP decisions. We use data from the Cameroon National Institute of Statistics (CNIS), a three-wave panel obtained respectively in 2001, 2005 and 2010 for a sample of individuals in the labour market. The sample data of the national population is representative. All information’s on demographic, socioeconomic and employment characteristics used in this study are provided by the CNIS database. It is particularly remarkable that the LFPR in informal sector increased substantially during latest years, particularly those of young workers. This rise in the LFPR is principally explained by the significant increase in the labour-market activity of the urban younger generation which has been improved by migration. Estimating a simple model of LFP with logistic methodology, we find that poverty, age and urbanization are significantly related with LFPR of informal labour market in Cameroon.
Problemy z rozumieniem współczesnego pieniądza
Authors: Gruszecki Tomasz
Published: July 2016

Trudno o bardziej podstawową kategorię w ekonomii niż pieniądz. Jak to często bywa z pojęciami kluczowymi trudno o ich precyzyjną definicję; przyjmuje się je jako oczywiste, np. sformułowanie w podręczniku Samuelsona i Nordhausa (1995): „pieniądz to w końcu wszystko, czym możemy płacić…”. Definicja pieniądza, jeszcze 40 lat temu oczywista, stała się niewygodna dla sektora finansowego po ostatecznej dominacji pieniądza papierowego bez pokrycia (Fiat Money). Kryzys finansowy i arbitralna polityka władz monetarnych spowodowały powrót do dyskusji na temat: czym jest współczesny pieniądz? Dyskusja taka toczy się w krajach anglosaskich, pokazując zasadnicze różnice poglądów. Środowiska w Europie wydają się pochłonięte dyskusją nad obroną i przetrwaniem euro. W Polsce fakt, że w toczącej się dyskusji zostało zakwestionowane dotychczasowe rozumienie pieniądza, nie został dotąd odnotowany; jak zwykle doganiamy świat, uważając że przyszłość pieniądza koncentruje się na euro. Poniższy artykuł sygnalizuje, na przykładowo dobranej literaturze, zasadnicze spory odnośnie istoty pieniądza.
Zmiana pozycji korporacji transnarodowych w gospodarce światowej – implikacje dla międzynarodowych rynków finansowych
Authors: Rosińska-Bukowska Magdalena
Published: July 2016

W artykule przedstawiono ewolucję korporacji transnarodowych i konsekwencje ich rosnącej roli w gospodarce światowej. Podjęto próbę oceny wpływu tych zmian na globalne przepływy kapitału oraz konsekwencje tego faktu dla międzynarodowych rynków finansowych. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Część pierwsza – ewolucja korporacji transnarodowych jako podstawa uzyskania silnej pozycji w gospodarce światowej. Część drugiej – analiza potencjału najpotężniejszych korporacji transnarodowych na tle PKB państw oraz wartości globalnego rynku kapitałowego. Część trzecia – próba oceny wpływu korporacji na międzynarodowe przepływy kapitału i funkcjonowanie rynków finansowych.
Detecting tolerance in pseudomonas fluorescens to pesticides
Authors: Kurhade Karuna C. , Gade R. M. , Belkar Y. K. , Chaitanya B. H.
Published: August 2016

The present study is aimed at examining the effect of pesticides viz, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides and antibiotics on Pseudomonas fluorescens to see its tolerance level against these pesticides. Herbicides were found most adaptive to Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to fungicides, insecticides and antibiotics. Tolerance level was found high in Pseudomonas fluorescens against Spinosad @ 0.04 % (9.02 × 108 cfu/ml) and Imidacloprid @ 0.02 % (5.82 × 108 cfu/ml). P.fluorescens was found less sensitive to Thiram @ 0.2 % (2.15 × 108 cfu/ml), Benomyl @ 0.3 % (1.63 × 108 cfu/ml) and Carbendazim @ 0.1 % (1.38 × 108 cfu/ml). However, it tolerated the toxicity of Pendamethalin up to 0.4 % concentration. Although bacterium was adaptive to herbicides, it was found highly sensitive to antibiotics Streptomycin alone and also in combination with Tetracycline @ 0.01 % concentration.
The Magical Animal Adoption Agency: 2 The Enchanted Egg by K. George
Authors: Aitken Leslie
Published: July 2016

George, Kallie.  The Magical Animal Adoption Agency: 2 The Enchanted Egg.  Illus.  Alexandra Boiger. Toronto: Harper-Collins, 2015. Print.As this story opens, the proprietor of the Magical Animal Adoption Agency, Mr. Jams, has only recently returned from a journey, bringing with him a large, mysterious, and enchanted egg.  Suddenly, he is off and away to consult with an expert on the potential nature of the egg’s unknown inhabitant.  Clover, our young heroine, is left in charge of the entire Agency and its assemblage of fire salamanders, fairy horses, bewitched kittens, unicorns, and, of course, the incubating egg.  Within a day of Mr. Jams’ departure, the egg hatches, unseen, and its occupant is nowhere to be found.Children will be fascinated with the detail, the drama, and the sheer unbounded imaginativeness of the world that Kallie George unfolds.  They will be engaged as well with Alexandra Boiger’s black and white drawings which enhance, but do not totally define the text, leaving much to the imagination.  Finally, they will relate to Clover, an ordinary little girl with extraordinary staying power.For the most part, George’s literary style is typified by imaginative vocabulary, varied sentence structure and good pacing.  That being said, her writing contains some weaknesses which seem to arise in the context of colloquial usage.  One example will suffice. Though dialogue is a reasonable place in which to insert a colloquialism, grammar teachers of the world will be pained by this one, “You must like animals as much as me,” said Clover.Though she has problems with spelling, Clover is, nonetheless, a remarkably clear thinker.  She is also well-spoken.  It would not be too much out of character for her to say, “You must like animals as much as I do.”  (Dare we then to hope that her devoted readership would emulate this speech pattern?  Probably not—but it’s worth a try!)If this observation seems quibbling, it stems from a noble conviction: childhood is so brief a time that what we read in its few and formative years should be the best it can be.Quibbles aside, this book would be suitable for and appealing to independent readers in the elementary grades.  Primary school children would be avid listeners.  All will be borne away on the magical tide of the story.Reviewer:  Leslie AitkenRecommended: 3 out of 4 starsLeslie Aitken’s long career in librarianship involved selection of children’s literature for school, public, special and academic libraries.  She was formerly Curriculum Librarian for the University of Alberta.
Improving the EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability through Interactive Storytelling
Authors: Marzuki Marzuki , Prayogo Johannes Ananto , Wahyudi Arwijati
Published: July 2016

This present research was aimed to improve the EFL learners’ speaking ability and their classroom activities through the implementation of Interactive Storytelling Strategy. Therefore, this study was directed to explore the beneficial of Interactive Storytelling that closely related to the EFL learners’ everyday activities at their home and school. The subject consisted of 22 of Junior High of Indonesian EFL learners. A Classroom Action Research in two cycles had been conducted within 6 meetings for every cycle. The meetings were focused on the interactivity and communicative ability among learners. The research result showed that the learners’ speaking ability improved from 17 or 72,27% passed in Cycle 1 to 22 or 100% passed the criteria of success in Cycle 2. It also showed that their classroom activities improved from 8 or 36,36% who were very active (VA) and 14 or 63,64% who were active (A) to 18 or 81,82% were very active (VA) and 4 or 18,18% were active (A). In conclusion, the implementation of Interactive Storytelling Strategy increased the EFL learners’ speaking ability and their classroom activities.
American Jewish Altruism in Support of International Humanitarian Intervention and Kosovo Peace-building
Authors: Dalipi Dr.Sc. Samet
Published: July 2016

At the end of 20th century, parts of Europe get caught again by xenophobia’s which were hidden under the rug of the Cold War. Balkans was again at the heart of eruptions of nationalistic ideas and hegemonistic aspirations. In resolving the last unsettled Kosovo case in the Balkans, west democracies corrected the mistake made at the beginning of the same century. In this direction gave input the Jewish community of USA. “We need to come out in defence of the defenceless victims ... cannot let people like Milosevic to continue killing men, women and children. We had to do this earlier, but not later or now”, said Elie Wiesel, the most prominent Jewish Nobel Prize winner, in a meeting with Holocaust survivors and veterans.This was not the only voice of the Jewish members in defence of Kosovo Albanians. A significant number of elite American-Jewish prominent politicians and diplomats, senior U.S. administration, from public life,...have been cautious in pursuit of developments in Kosovo before the war. Altruism within Jewish elite influenced or advised U.S. policy makers on the necessity of intervention in Kosovo, to prevent scenarios prepared by the Serbian regime to de'albanize Kosovo.They decided and implemented the diplomacy of dynamic actions in stopping the repetition of the similarities of holocaust within the same century. What prompted this perfectly organized community in the U.S., with distinctive culture and other religious affiliations to people of Kosovo to support them during exterminating circumstances? Which were the driving factors on influencing the policy of most powerful state in the world in support of Albanians? This paper aims to illuminate some of the answers on the raised question as well as analyze the activities of most prominent AmericanJewish personalities, some of their philanthropic actions that are associated with emotions, their principles and beliefs to prevent human suffering and exodus of Kosovo Albanians, similar to their holocaust but with different actors.
Dexiosis: a meaningful gesture of the Classical antiquity
Authors: Nováková Mgr. PhD. Lucia , Pagáčová Mgr. Monika
Published: July 2016

Dexiosis is a modern term referring to the handshaking motif appearing in ancient Greek art, which had specific meaning and symbolism. Though it was a characteristic iconographic element of the Classical antiquity, its roots can be traced back to the Archaic period. Dexiosis was not merely a compositional element connecting two people, but carried a deeper meaning. Most often, the motif was associated with funerary art of the Classical Athens. On funerary monuments the deceased were depicted in the circle of their families, which reflected the ideals of contemporary society. Particularly notable is the contrast between the public character of the funerary monument and the private nature of the depiction. Its meaning should be perceived in terms of both the intimate gesture expressing emotions and the formal presentation of the family. Dexiosis emphasized a permanent bond as the fundamental element of the family in particular, and society in general. At the same time, it was associated with the theme of farewell. The gesture was performed by two people in a dialogical composition, which clearly showed their mutual relationship and the figures were depicted in various compositions regardless of their gender or age. The motif was also used in the Hellenistic and the Roman art.
The Logistics and Management of Distribution Channels – The Case of Kosovo
Authors: Karaxha MSc. Hidajet , Kristo Dr.Sc. Ilia
Published: July 2016

By coordinating their activities, companies aim to provide available products for their clients in the right place and time. Logistics activities have always been essential for companies, and therefore the logistics of the business and the management of the supply chain is a synthesis of many concepts, principles and methods from some of the most traditional fields of marketing, manufacture, accountability and transport, and also of the disciplines of mathematics and economy. This paper deals with the main aspects of logistics, business and management of the supply chain, and with the main aspects of the strategies and competitive incomes of the company. These aspects include transportation, inventory, processing, purchase, storage, treatment, packing, the standards of customer service and production. We have also described the role of the marketing of logistics as a system of planning which guarantees that the order will be executed in time, in the fastest way possible and with a low cost. The effective management of distribution channels affects the firms to realize an efficient process of distribution, in distributing the final products from the producer to the last consumer and in this way it helps these firms to grow their market and sales, and built strong relations with their clients. This paper includes empirical data that were collected by questionnaires and interviews, and subsidiary data as well, based on the review of the existing literature regarding logistics and the management of distribution channels. The collection of primary data was realized by the compilation of a questionnaire, which helped in developing contacts. The research was realized with owners, directors, managers and other holders of Kosovan companies. The sample is intentional (not probable).
Comparative Analysis of Promotion Strategies in the Industry of Energy Drinks in Kosovo
Authors: Reshidi Dr.Sc. Nail , Fejza MSc. Vjosa , Durmishi - Devetaku MSc. Albnore
Published: July 2016

Energy drinks remain one of the most dynamic segments of soft drinks. Recent developments indicate that companies are extending their activities. The fact that the category of energy drinks is so successful is leading to a highly competitive environment. Therefore, to increase profit and to create a firm position in such a competitive market, promotion policies and its strategies and forms by companies should be properly understood and implemented. To this end, this part of the paper will review literature from various authors for purposes of understanding the role of drafting and implementing promotion strategies and marketing itself in companies in general. Data from theoretical aspect have served as guidance in conducting the practical part of this paper on the ground. In the second part of the paper, a practical research was conducted; a survey questionnaire with owners of two energy drink producers in Kosovo was carried out, i.e., “Golden Eagle” and “Red Rain”. As a result of primary data we have obtained from the survey, we established the extent of the basic knowledge of these companies. At first, regarding marketing in general, but also on promotion and promotion strategies in particular. Also, there were selected 30 customers of these two companies from the random sample to see whether there was an impact of promotion forms that these companies used on their choosing of products. Finally, from the data obtained from primary and secondary sources we managed to come to certain specific and meaningful conclusions both in terms of the companies we studied, but also about other companies of the same or other similar sectors.