bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience Weighted Learning in Multiagent Systems
Authors: Zou Yi , Zhong Jijuan , Jiang Zhihao , Zhang Hong , Pu Xuyu
Published: November 2021

Agents face challenges to achieve adaptability and stability when interacting with dynamic counterparts in a complex multiagent system (MAS). To strike a balance between these two goals, this paper proposes a learning algorithm for heterogeneous agents with bounded rationality. It integrates reinforcement learning as well as fictitious play to evaluate the historical information and adopt mechanisms in evolutionary game to adapt to uncertainty, which is referred to as experience weighted learning (EWL) in this paper. We have conducted multiagent simulations to test the performance of EWL in various games. The results demonstrate that the average payoff of EWL exceeds that of the baseline in all 4 games. In addition, we find that most of the EWL agents converge to pure strategy and become stable finally. Furthermore, we test the impact of 2 import parameters, respectively. The results show that the performance of EWL is quite stable and there is a potential to improve its performance by parameter optimization.
Metaheuristic Approaches Integrated with ANN in Forecasting Daily Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Pekel Engin , Gul Muhammet , Celik Erkan , Yousefi Samuel
Published: November 2021

The overall service quality level of Emergency Departments (EDs) can be improved by accurate forecasting of patient visits. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the use of three metaheuristic approaches integrated with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in forecasting daily ED visits. To do this, five performance measures are used for evaluating the accuracy of the proposed approaches, including Bayesian ANN, Genetic Algorithm-based ANN (GA-ANN), and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm-based ANN (PSO-ANN). The outputs of this study show that the PSO-ANN model provides the most dominant performance in both the training and testing process. The lowest error is obtained with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 6.3%, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 42.797, Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 2499.340, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 49.933, and R-squared (R2) of 0.824 on the training dataset. The lowest error with an MAPE of 6.0%, MAE of 40.888, MSE of 2839.998, RMSE of 53.292, and R2 of 0.791 is also obtained on the testing process.
Funcionalidade familiar: homens que fazem sexo com homens e sexo apenas com mulheres
Authors: Rodriguez-Bustamante Pavel , Báez-Hernández Francisco Javier , Nava-Navarro Vianet , Morales-Nieto Arelia , Zenteno-López Miguel Ángel , Rodríguez-Bustamante Kathy Abigail
Published: November 2021

(analítico)Homens que fazem sexo com homens se caracterizam por receber expressões de rejeição e estigmatização, dado o ideal heteronormativo de homens que fazem sexo apenas com mulheres, circunstâncias que levam ao surgimento de problemas no grupo familiar. Um estudo quantitativo foi realizado, com o objetivo de comparar a funcionalidade familiar na perspectiva de homens que fazem sexo com homens com homens que fazem sexo apenas com mulheres, amostragem não probabilística por bola de neve. Os resultados indicam percentuais mais elevados de disfunção familiar entre os homens que fazem sexo com homens, em contraste com a funcionalidade moderada e normofuncionalidade dos homens que fazem sexo apenas com mulheres com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p=.001). Recomenda se gerar mais evidências para o fundo comum de conhecimento, a fim de demolir preconceitos, visibilizar a demanda de cuidados e promover a formulação de estratégias para atender às necessidades desse grupo vulnerável.
Palavras-chave: Saúde da familia, relações familiares, conflito familiar, homossexualidade masculina, heterossexualidade.
The Political Representation Crisis in Central Africa
Authors: Eba Nguema Ismaelline
Published: November 2021

The crisis of political representation in Central Africa is structural. It is intrinsically linked to the failure of democracy in the region. All states of Central Africa are states of law in which the people have a major role to play as the holders of national sovereignty. In fact, the presidential regime allows the president of the republic to concentrate all powers. At each constitutional revision, the chief executive affirms his supremacy over the nation. Such a situation combined with the absence of political alternation in Central Africa is leading to a rejection of political representation by an ever growing segment of the population.
Reconciliation without Justice: The State and the Invalidation of Victimhood in Post-colonial Zimbabwe, 1980–2017
Authors: Mashingaidze Terence M
Published: November 2021

This article calls for the location of victimhood rather than political convenience at the centre of Zimbabwe’s peace-building matrix. From the attainment of independence in 1980 to the military assisted end of President Robert Mugabe’s rule in November 2017, Zimbabwe’s episodic cycles of violence were concluded through elite bargained amnesty ordinances, state mediated reconciliation pronouncements and clemency orders that unconditionally benefitted perpetrators at the expense of victims. The forgive-and-forget ethic central to these routine and fractional peace building measures, I argue, not only disregarded the rule of law but negated victimhood and rendered justice divisible. Victims of politically motivated violence could not secure redress through the courts of law against amnestied perpetrators as this would amount to double jeopardy. The government withheld prosecutorial justice against perpetrators and disregarded reparations for victims. Within the national legislative framework ordinary legislators could not move motions compelling the government to compensate survivors of violence because only the vice-presidents and ministers could move motions that had the consequence of either depleting state revenues or causing the imposition of additional taxes on citizens. Considering that ministers who had the prerogative to move such motions served in cabinet at the behest of their intractable president they could hardly embarrass or contradict their principal. Essentially, the Robert Mugabe led Zimbabwean government established legal firewalls for perpetrators of politically motivated violence which ipso facto invalidated the quest for justice by victims of the country’s ever recurring cycles of violence. This authoritarian legalism disregarded victimhood and emboldened human rights violators.
“Par la médiation de son tombeau”. La visite pieuse (ziyāra) au Maghreb aux XIVe-XVe siècles entre croyance éprouvée et norme mouvante
Authors: Amri Nelly
Published: November 2021

Cet article tente de montrer, à travers l’examen d’un corpus varié de sources, notamment de textes de consultations juridiques et de témoignages de la littérature bio-hagiographique, la variété des positions développées par les juristes du Maghreb médiéval, concernant la visite pieuse ou ziyāra. La croyance dans l’intercession des saints dans leurs tombes, lieux sacralisés et porteurs de baraka, pour lesquels on peut prendre monture, est largement partagée au Maghreb médiéval et focalise aussi bien le commun des fidèles que les ulémas les plus rassis. L’interdit de l’invocation par la médiation du saint, attribué à Mālik, est loin d’être suivi. D’éminents juristes, connus pour traquer les « innovations blâmables » (bidaʿ), reconnaissent la licéité de la ziyāra voire du pèlerinage aux tombeaux des saints et la médiation de ces morts illustres et de leur sépulture, nonobstant certains rituels objet de réprobation. L’article permet de tester la grande capacité d’adaptation de la norme aux réalités sociales et au vécu religieux des hommes, et nous renvoie de cette même norme l’image, non pas d’un corps figé de doctrines intangibles, mais d’une variété d’attitudes, de positions et de « regards savants ». Il montre, une fois de plus, l’impasse à laquelle nous conduisent les approches durcissant par trop l’opposition entre orthodoxie ou encore orthopraxie -qui serait l’apanage d’un islam donné comme savant-, et hétérodoxie que l’on a souvent assimilée à l’islam populaire, alors même que leurs limites sont poreuses, mouvantes et en constante redéfinition.
La défense philosophique de la prière votive (duʿāʾ) et de la visite pieuse (ziyāra), d’Ibn Sīnā à la renaissance safavide (XIe/XVIIe siècle)
Authors: Terrier Mathieu
Published: November 2021

Cet article propose d’étudier un ensemble de textes traitant philosophiquement de deux pratiques dévotionnelles de l’islam, particulièrement vivaces dans le shīʿisme imāmite et le soufisme : la prière votive (duʿāʾ) et la visite pieuse aux tombeaux des saints (ziyāra). La première partie analyse des textes originaux d’Ibn Sīnā (Avicenne, m. 429/1037) sur le rôle de la prière votive dans l’ordre de la Providence ainsi qu’une épître probablement apocryphe sur la cause de son exaucement. La reprise des thèmes et arguments avicenniens par des philosophes iraniens du XIe/XVIIe siècle est ensuite abordée. Ces pratiques sont alors envisagées dans le cadre de la religiosité shīʿite imāmite et les textes se concentrent davantage sur la visite aux tombes des saints, occasion de la prière votive. Le premier de ces auteurs est Mīr Dāmād (m. 1040/1631), successeur autoproclamé d’Ibn Sīnā à la tête de la philosophie islamique, qui prolonge la voie métaphysique et gnostique de son prédécesseur. Puis vient le méconnu Ḥakīm Qāʾinī (actif en 1029/1619-20) qui, dans une épître sur le sens ésotérique des actes cultuels, relie les aspects sociaux et mystiques de la visite à la tombe des saints. Enfin Quṭb al-Dīn Ashkevarī (m. ca 1090/1679), historien de la sagesse, rapproche la religiosité populaire shīʿite de la religion philosophique des anciens Grecs. L’ensemble suggère qu’en se penchant sur ces pratiques dévotionnelles, à la faveur de la rencontre avec le shīʿisme imāmite et le soufisme, la philosophie islamique a su à la fois renouer avec l’esprit de la philosophie antique, innover sur le plan théorique et approfondir le sens de la religiosité commune pour en faire une initiation à la vie philosophique.
Pouvoir du lieu, médiation du texte : Remarques anthropologiques sur la visite pieuse à Karbalā
Authors: Parsapajouh Sepideh
Published: November 2021

La « visite pieuse » (ziyāra) rendue aux figures saintes du chiisme imamite ou duodécimain, à savoir les imams et certains de leurs descendants et compagnons, occupe une place centrale dans la vie de cette branche minoritaire de l’islam. Après une introduction sur la conception de la sainteté et les fondements doctrinaux des pratiques de visite pieuse dans le chiisme imamite, cet article analyse les croyances et les pratiques vouées particulièrement à l’un des lieux les plus visités du chiisme et de tout l’islam, à savoir la tombe du troisième imam al-Ḥusayn à Karbalā, considérée comme le lieu sacré par excellence. Nous étudions ensuite un texte couramment récité par les croyants et pèlerins, attribué au sixième imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq et intitulé Ziyārat al-wārith (« la visite de l’héritier [du Prophète] »). Il apparaît que ce texte ancien, objet d’un processus de canonisation au cours de l’histoire, a déterminé nombre de pratiques pieuses à Karbalā. Basé sur une approche anthropologique, cet article ne traite pas de l’histoire et de l’authenticité de ce texte mais de sa présence dans les formes vivantes de ziyāra contemporaines. Il vise à montrer la correspondance entre un texte traditionnel, normatif et canonique d’une part, et des pratiques vivantes, corporelles et langagières, de pèlerins de cultures différentes d’autre part, dans le monde chiite actuel.
Federalist Fascism
Authors: von Eggers Nicolai
Published: November 2021

This article analyses the New Right’s understanding of the French Revolution. Since the most prominent intellectual of the New Right, Alain de Benoist, frames ‘Jacobinism’ as the New Right’s main enemy, the New Right may be understood as a counter-tradition to what it understands as Jacobinism. De Benoist defines Jacobinism as an ideology that makes people essentially equal and identical by means of the state. Against this, he posits what he calls ‘federalism’—a project which aims at promoting and defending ethnic, cultural and other differences. In this article, the author shows how the New Right creates a mythical counter-tradition of federalism. We should understand this as a ‘federalist fascism’: instead of mass parties and an authoritarian nation-state, the New Right seeks the mythical rebirth of an Indo-European community consisting of various regional peoples who will supposedly realise their authentic nature through ethnically purified societies governed by a federal European-wide system.
Debate: Decolonising Fascist Studies
Authors: Liburd Liam , Jackson Paul
Published: November 2021

The drive to decolonise is of central importance to the study of fascism, which after all was and remains a politics rooted in specific conceptions of colonialism and race. In this article, we have invited both leading academics and early career scholars to reflect on how we might ‘decolonise’ fascist studies. Their comments approach fascism in a range of contexts, and offer reflections on how to frame future research questions, approach methodological issues, and consider how fascism studies might develop a more overt and clear stance on the problems posed by decolonising the subject area more broadly. It is hoped that these commentaries will enrich the field of fascist studies and, in turn, do more to relate it to the work of scholars in other relevant areas of study, particularly those working on critical theories of race and racism. Contributors to this debate are: Leslie James, Raul Carstocea, Daniel Hedinger, Liam J. Liburd, Cathy Bergin, Benjamin Bland, Evan Smith, Jonathan Hyslop, Benjamin Zachariah, and Caroline Campbell.
How Can Large Manufacturers Digitalize Their Business Models? A Framework for Orchestrating Industrial Ecosystems
Authors: Sjödin David , Parida Vinit , Visnjic Ivanka
Published: November 2021

For manufacturers, remaining competitive depends on their ability to digitalize their business models (i.e., offer digital and digitally enhanced products and services). To achieve this, they must engage with new digital partners and help their existing suppliers, partners, and other stakeholders to digitalize. Orchestrating this growing ecosystem is challenging. Manufacturers struggle with this endeavor because of specific barriers associated with their existing legacy business model and related to their lack of digital vision, product-centric value chains, and a bias toward firm-centered profit formulas. To overcome these barriers, leading manufacturers have developed new approaches to ecosystem orchestration.
Standing in the space between fields: The interstitial power of elites in Italian banking foundations
Authors: Arrigoni Paola
Published: November 2021

In this article, I explore interstitiality – a concept based on Gil Eyal’s notion of ‘spaces between fields’ – as a potential heuristic lens for observing contemporary elites, applying it to high-ranking figures in the Compagnia San Paolo (CSP). CSP is a banking foundation ( Fondazione di origine bancaria or FOB) that was set up in the 1990s arising from the privatization of the Italian banking sector. After outlining the theoretical underpinnings of interstitiality, I bring the construct to bear on my own empirical work. First, I elucidate what FOBs are and why they may represent a valuable interstitial observatory on a significant segment of power elite. Second, I examine CSP as an emblematic instance of an FOB. Third, I illustrate the main characteristics of CSP’s elites, suggesting that these groups reflect the features of interstitiality insofar as: they merge logics and grammars of justification from different fields; and, given their high degree of mobility across fields, they contribute to disseminating discursive and governmental practices of hybridization. My aim, as advocated for by Mike Savage and Karel Williams, is to enrich the sociological debate on elites by introducing a new conceptual tool.
Did Christ Have a Conscience? Revisiting the Debates on Christ’s (Un)Fallen Humanity
Authors: Xu Ximian
Published: November 2021

This article draws on the Dutch neo-Calvinist dogmatician Herman Bavinck’s notion of conscience to explore the question of whether Christ’s assumed humanity is fallen or unfallen. It will demonstrate that, for Bavinck, Christ’s conscience was silent and did not accuse or exonerate him according to the moral law (the word of God) as occurs in the postlapsarian conscience. Such a unique conscience reflects the unfallenness of Christ’s humanity and his impeccability. Moreover, Christ’s impeccability is concomitant with Christ’s permanent response to God’s word in faith. This suggests that in the eschaton, the human conscience will become silent in a faithful trust in the word of God.
Overcoming the “Distance”: Robert Doran as a Bridge between the Trinitarian Analogies of Bernard Lonergan and Hans Urs von Balthasar
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R.
Published: November 2021

Bernard Lonergan and Hans Urs von Balthasar would appear to be worlds apart in their trinitarian theologies. The former championed while the latter eschewed the traditional Western psychological analogy. And yet, Robert Doran’s Lonergan-inflected trinitarian theology presented a revised version of the psychological analogy, drawn from the order of grace. This analogy is in fact isomorphic to Balthasar’s primary eucharistic analogy for the trinitarian processions. Recognizing formal similarity invites a rapprochement between these two theologies and a call for a renewal of boldness in speculative theology.
Anger, Lamentation, and Common Ground
Authors: Kaveny M. Cathleen
Published: November 2021

This essay argues that the Catholic Common Ground Initiative, founded twenty-five years ago, needs to shift focus to deal with the pervasiveness of anger among American Catholics. Instead of striving to achieve agreement through rational dialogue, American Catholics should aim to find common ground in our sorrow by developing liturgies of lamentation to address the pervasive devastation arising from crises such as clergy sex abuse. Lamentation finds common ground in the common experience of loss, without insisting that everyone attribute the loss to the same cause or agree upon the same path toward renewal.
“And We Shall See Him Face to Face”: A Trinitarian Analysis of the Beatific Vision
Authors: Ormerod Neil
Published: November 2021

A traditional account of the beatific vision has focused attention on our vision of the divine essence. However, little attention has been paid to the trinitarian aspects of the vision. This article proposes a trinitarian account of the beatific vision drawing on the work of Bernard Lonergan and Robert Doran and the so-called four-point hypothesis. It concludes that, so conceived, the beatific vision is analogous to an exchange of wedding vows.
Divine Persons and Notional Acts in the Trinitarian Theology of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Lombardo Nicholas E.
Published: November 2021

This article presents a reconstruction of an important but neglected element of the trinitarian theology of Thomas Aquinas: namely, his teaching on the notional acts, the intratrinitarian acts attributed to the Divine Persons, and how they relate to individual Divine Persons. In the process, this article shows that, for Aquinas, and for medieval theologians more generally, although we can distinguish between the Divine Persons and their respective intratrinitarian acts according to our human mode of understanding, each Divine Person is, in reality (literally, in the res, or in the thing), nothing other than a single eternal act. This article also explains how thinking of the Divine Persons as divine acts offers significant resources for contemporary theology and corrects against certain perceived weaknesses of Aquinas’s trinitarian theology and relation-centered accounts of the Trinity more generally.
Virtue Ethics and Action Guidance
Authors: Daly Daniel J.
Published: November 2021

Theological ethicists rarely allow the virtues to perform the heavyweight work of guiding action. This article contests this tradition and argues that, and demonstrates how, virtue ethics provides a practicable method of normative action guidance. The article contends that there are five interrelated but distinct modes of virtue action guidance. The first three modes—dialogue, emulation, and substituted judgment—invite the agent to take counsel with moral exemplars. The interrogative and discovery modes direct agents to morally deliberate using thick accounts of the virtues.
Early Identification of Suicide Risk Factors Among Justice-Involved Youth
Authors: Kemp Kathleen , Poindexter Brittney , Ng Mei Yi , Correia Victoria , Marshall Brandon D. L. , Koinis-Mitchell Daphne , Tolou-Shams Marina
Published: November 2021

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among juvenile justice populations are elevated. However, the characteristics of justice-involved youth who consider and attempt suicide are not well understood. This study examined suicidal ideation and attempt with first-time, preadjudicated diverted youth, and the relationship with commonly associated risk factors. The sample included 135 youth (50% male, Mage= 14.48) that provided complete responses to self-reported lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt items. Analyses examined relationships between suicidal ideation/attempt and mental health, child welfare involvement, delinquency, self-cutting, and substance use. First time, preadjudicated diverted youth reported high rates of lifetime suicidal ideation (27%) and attempt (17%). Suicidal ideation and attempt were associated with sexually minoritized status and self-cutting, while child welfare involvement was only associated with suicidal ideation. This high-risk population would benefit from refined suicide screening and prevention services not always available to justice-involved youth living in the community.
Facial synkinesis: A distressing sequela of facial palsy
Authors: Shokri Tom , Patel Shivam , Ziai Kasra , Harounian Jonathan , Lighthall Jessyka G
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Synkinesis refers to abnormal involuntary facial movements that accompany volitional facial movements. Despite a 55% incidence of synkinesis reported in patients with enduring facial paralysis, there is still a lack of complete understanding of this debilitating condition, leading to functional limitations and decreased quality of life. 1 This article reviews the diagnostic assessment, etiology, pathophysiology, rehabilitation, and nonsurgical and surgical treatments for facial synkinesis.

Methods

A PubMed and Cochrane search was done with no date restrictions for English-language literature on facial synkinesis. The search terms used were “facial,” “synkinesis,” “palsy,” and various combinations of the terms.

Results

The resultant inability to control the full extent of one’s facial movements has functional and psychosocial consequences and may result in social withdrawal with a significant decrease in quality of life. An understanding of facial mimetic musculature is imperative in guiding appropriate intervention. While chemodenervation with botulinum toxin and neurorehabilitation have continued to be the primary treatment strategy for facial synkinesis, novel techniques such as selective myectomy, selective neurolysis, free-functioning muscle transfer, and nerve grafting techniques are becoming increasingly utilized in treatment regimens. Facial rehabilitation, including neuromuscular retraining, soft tissue massage, and relaxation therapy in addition to chemodenervation with botulinum toxin, remains the cornerstone of treatment. In cases of severe, intractable synkinesis and non-flaccid facial paralysis, surgical interventions, including selective neurectomy, selective myectomy, nerve grafting, or free muscle transfer, may play a more significant role in alleviating symptoms.

Discussion

A multidisciplinary approach involving therapists, clinicians, and surgeons is necessary to develop a comprehensive treatment regimen that will result in optimal outcomes. Ultimately, therapy should be tailored to the severity and pattern of synkinesis, and each patient approached on a case-by-case basis. A multidisciplinary approach involving therapists, clinicians, and surgeons is necessary to develop a comprehensive treatment regimen that will result in optimal outcomes.
A Case of Nasal Cavity and Laryngeal Involvement of Rosai–Dorfman Disease
Authors: Lee Changhee , Choi Nayeon , Lee Yurimi , Park Joo Hyun , Son Young-Ik
Published: November 2021

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non-malignant disorder, characterized by painless multiple cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers. Its diagnosis is difficult due to its rare incidence and various clinical presentations, especially in extranodal involvement. In this report, we demonstrate a patient with RDD who presented with a nasal septum and laryngeal tumor that caused dyspnea. We achieved a successful treatment outcome with combined surgical resection of the laryngeal mass and corticosteroid medication. The symptoms and tumors were resolved within 3 weeks after treatment. We reported our experiences with review of literatures.
It’s Time to Include Harm to Humans in Harm–Benefit Analysis — But How to Do It, That is the Question
Authors: Balls Michael
Published: November 2021

The Three Rs ( reduction, refinement, replacement) concept put forward by Russell and Burch now appears to be widely accepted. However, their warnings concerning reliance on animals as models for humans, the insurmountable problem of species differences and the impact of human variation, have been downplayed or even ignored. Schemes for harm–benefit analysis have been introduced, but the focus has largely been on harm to the animals, rather than on the direct and indirect benefit to humans, which is much more difficult to evaluate. Greater recognition should be given to the direct or indirect harm to humans resulting from the current over-reliance of biomedical research and testing on data obtained from animal experiments. That will be hard to achieve in the current climate, given the vigorous defence of animal experimentation by those with vested interests, confusion over responsibilities for regulating animal experimentation, hierarchies of regulatory authorities which require or limit experiments on animals, and exaggerated claims about the current availability of new approach methodologies (NAMs) and relevant and reliable strategies for their use. Those who defend animal experimentation at almost any cost must bear part of the responsibility for the human harms which result. Meanwhile, much greater effort should be put into the development, validation and application of new approaches not involving animals.
Feeling the Absence of Touch: Distancing, Distress, Regulation, and Relationships in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Burleson Mary H , Roberts Nicole A , Munson Aubrie A , Duncan Cayla J , Randall Ashley K , Ha Thao , Sioni Sasha , Mickelson Kristin D
Published: November 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing guidelines were implemented to reduce viral spread, altering typical social interactions and reducing the amount of physical contact and affectionate touch many individuals experienced. The pandemic also caused psychological distress, perhaps in part related to reductions in affectionate touch with close others. We theorized that this would be particularly problematic for individuals reliant on affectionate touch to help regulate their emotions. Using online survey data collected nationwide from married or romantically partnered adults ( N = 585), we examined how physical distancing (moderated by cohabiting with spouse/partner) and affectionate touch with close others (moderated by individual differences in typical use and efficacy of touch for affect regulation [TAR]) related to individual psychological distress and romantic relationship quality. As hypothesized, more physical distancing was associated with less affectionate touch among non-cohabiters, but surprisingly with more touch among cohabiters. Also as hypothesized, participants higher in TAR and experiencing less affectionate touch reported more psychological distress than those similarly high in TAR and experiencing more affectionate touch, or than those lower in TAR. Unexpectedly, more physical distancing was associated directly with lower psychological distress and better relationship quality. Better relationship quality was linked directly to more affectionate touch and greater endorsement of TAR. Thus, for those cohabiting in satisfying romantic relationships, physical distancing may facilitate relationship-positive behaviors. Further, individual differences in TAR may influence the potency of touch effects on mood and stress.
Be a Little Rude, but not too Much: Exploring Classroom Incivility and Social Network Position in Adolescents
Authors: Spadafora Natalie , Al-Jbouri Elizabeth , McDowell Hannah , Andrews Naomi C. Z. , Volk Anthony A.
Published: November 2021

Classroom incivility is a critical concept relating to the academic and psychosocial well-being of children and youth. However, there has yet to be research investigating whether there are social benefits to this behavior in early adolescence. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore the relationship between classroom incivility and measures of social network position, including incoming and mutual friendships, two forms of centrality, and social network prestige. We investigated network position of 488 students between the ages of 9 and 14 ( M = 11.48; SD = 1.14). Our findings highlight a general negative curvilinear association between classroom incivility and social network position. Specifically, children and youth who engage in moderate levels of classroom incivility have more friends and are leaders in the group (higher network prestige). In contrast, those who engage in higher or lower levels of classroom incivility have fewer friends and are less prestigious.
Contesting neoliberalism: Mapping the terrain of social conflict
Authors: Bailey David J. , Lewis Paul C. , Shibata Saori
Published: November 2021

This article explores the terrain of social conflict as it developed across advanced capitalist democracies throughout the ‘age of austerity’ that followed the global economic crisis. It shows how a (broadly defined) working class mobilised in different ways in different capitalist contexts, contesting the institutional forms (and the crises that emerged from them) which constitute each particular model of capitalism. Considered this way, we are able to conceptualise and explain the forms of working-class mobilisation that have emerged in opposition to contemporary neoliberalism. In doing so, we go beyond a narrow focus on workplace-focused or trade-union-led forms of working-class mobilisation, highlighting the continuing contestation of neoliberal capitalism. Drawing on a protest event analysis of 1,167 protest events in five countries (Spain, Germany, Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom), and developing a Régulation Theory approach to the study of protest/social movements, we provide an overview of the most visible patterns of social contestation in each national neoliberal capitalist context, tracing links to the institutional configurations that constitute those national models of capitalism. While there exists no direct (linear) process of causality between the model of neoliberal capitalism and the forms of mobilised dissent witnessed, nevertheless we are able to clearly trace the different pressures of capital accumulation that have given rise to the protest/social movements identified in each case, thereby allowing us to gain a better insight into both each particular model of capitalism and the forms of dissent that constitute it.
Irregular adoptions and infrastructures of memory in Spain: remnant practices from the Franco Regime
Authors: Marre Diana , Gaggiotti Hugo
Published: November 2021

The irregular adoption of displaced children during the Spanish Civil War, the Franco dictatorship, and the early years of Spanish democracy remains silent and unrecognised. The difficulty in recognising these irregular practices is linked to remnant infrastructures of memory ( Rubin, 2018 ). We propose that the time to speak openly about irregular adoptions of forcibly disappeared children in Spain is arriving, and doing so could be a way of exposing a series of “unknown knowns” ( Simmel, 1906 ; Bellman, 1981 ; Taussig, 1999 ).
Can I go back to work? A case of persistent SARS-CoV-2 with advanced untreated HIV infection
Authors: Wenlock Rhys D , Brown Colin S , Iwuji Collins , Vera Jaime H
Published: November 2021

We describe the case of a 30-year-old care home employee diagnosed with COVID-19 and acute untreated HIV-1. He was unable to return to work for 119 days due to concerns over transmission risk as his SARS-CoV-2 PCR remained detectable. This highlights the uncertainty in interpreting SARS-CoV-2 PCR results post-infection in acute untreated HIV.
Modern pollen – vegetation – plant diversity relationships across large environmental gradients in northern Greece
Authors: Senn Carolina , Tinner Willy , Felde Vivian A , Gobet Erika , van Leeuwen Jacqueline FN , Morales-Molino César
Published: November 2021

Past vegetation and biodiversity dynamics, reconstructed using palaeoecological methods, can contribute to assessing the magnitude of the current biodiversity crisis and anticipating future risks and challenges. Among the different palaeoecological techniques, pollen analysis is probably the most widely used to reconstruct vegetation and plant diversity changes through time. Such reconstructions demand robust and comprehensive calibration studies addressing the pollen representation of extant vegetation to be sound. However, calibration studies are rare in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, particularly regarding plant diversity. Here, we contribute to filling this gap by investigating the modern pollen signature of Mediterranean vegetation across a large environmental gradient in northern Greece. At each sampling site ( n = 61), we quantitatively compared the composition and diversity of plant (vegetation surveys) and pollen assemblages (moss/topsoil samples) using numerical techniques. Further, we compared these terrestrial pollen assemblages with those from lake sediment surface samples of the same region. We found an overall good match between plant and pollen assemblages, with maquis and mixed deciduous forest displaying particularly distinct pollen signatures. In contrast, the high regional importance of pines and oaks and their large pollen production blurred the pollen representation of other forested vegetation types and of shrublands and grasslands. Plant and pollen richness and their evenness showed similar declining trends with increasing altitude, but plant and pollen evenness bore a better match than richness. A more detailed vegetation-specific view on the data suggests that pine pollen seriously affected pollen richness and evenness in most of the pine-dominated stands. Lastly, our results suggest a rather straightforward application of vegetation-pollen relationships from moss/topsoil samples to interpret pollen assemblages from lakes in Mediterranean settings.
Microwave-assisted oxidative coupling of thiols using polystyrene supported bromoderivatives of 2-oxazolidone
Authors: Mathew Anjaly , Mathew Beena , Koshy Ebey P
Published: November 2021

Polymer-supported reagents have become popular in synthetic organic chemistry over the past decades. But the kinetics of polymer-supported reactions is slow compared to solution phase synthesis because of the poor diffusion of the reactants through the macromolecular polymer matrix. This difficulty can be reduced to a great extent by performing polymer-supported reactions under microwave (MW) conditions. The present work is focussed on the design and development of an innovative, powerful, MW stable and recyclable polymeric reagent prepared by attaching bromoderivative of 2-oxazolidone into the macromolecular matrix of polystyrene. 3% cross-linked polystyrene was prepared by free radical aqueous suspension polymerization technique using tetra ethylene glycol diacrylate as the cross-linking agent and the resulting beads were functionalized by chloromethylation followed by reaction with 2-oxazolidone. Bromine functionality is introduced into the polymer by treating with bromine in carbon tetrachloride. The synthetic utility of the prepared polymeric reagent was demonstrated by the oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides under MW irradiation. No over oxidation was observed in this protocol and the utilization of polystyrene support simplifies work up and product isolation. The synthesised polymeric reagent displayed good cyclic stability up to five cycles without any substantial decrease in bromine content and satisfactory storage stability under normal laboratory condition. Moreover this may be the first report that uses MW energy for the oxidation of thiols to disulfides using polymer-supported reagents.

[Formula: see text]
Rapid national increases in the hospitalisation of Australian youth due to intentional self-harm between 2008 and 2019
Authors: Delaney Sven K , Allison Stephen , Looi Jeffrey CL , Bidargaddi Niranjan , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: November 2021

Objective:

Australian youth mental health services have received significant funding over the past 15 years. We analysed data on hospitalisation due to intentional self-harm to determine whether increased youth services were associated with reduction in a key indicator of youth population mental health.

Method:

Trends in national self-harm hospitalisation data from 2008 to 2019 for youth (<25 years) and adults (>25 years) were analysed using joinpoint regression.

Results:

Rates of hospitalisation due to intentional self-harm increased significantly in both male (1.1% per annum, 95% CI [0.2%, 1.9%]) and female (3.0% per annum, 95% CI [0.9%, 5.1%]) youth aged <25 years between 2008 and 2019. Female youth had higher rates of hospitalisation than males, and there were average annual increases of 9.1% (95% CI [2.4%, 16.3%]) and 4.0% (95% CI [0.1%, 7.9%]), and absolute increases of 120% and 47.9%, in the rate of hospitalisation of females aged 0–14 and 15–19, respectively. In contrast, there was no overall change in adults (>25 years).

Conclusions:

Rates of hospitalisation due to intentional self-harm in Australian youth have increased despite significant investment in youth mental health services. This result could be attributable to several sociocultural factors and suggests a critical need for more hospital-based emergency youth mental health services.
Psychiatry is essential for now but might eventually disappear (although this is unlikely to happen any time soon)
Authors: Kelly Brendan D
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To provide an overview of specific aspects of historical and possible future trajectories of psychiatry.

Conclusions:

Psychiatric treatments alleviate suffering, promote physical health, and are associated with increased longevity. As the biological underpinnings of mental illnesses are slowly uncovered, they generally cease to be primarily part of psychiatry (e.g. epilepsy, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis). If this process continues, the biological basis of all symptom-based ‘mental illnesses’ might be described, and psychiatry absorbed into neurology and other disciplines. This will be a positive development if it provides better treatment for mental illness and psychiatric symptoms in other conditions, which is psychiatry’s sole concern. Psychiatry’s own survival as a distinct discipline is irrelevant if other disciplines can do the job better, possibly in collaboration. Given the tiny impact of neuroscience on psychiatry to date, the disappearance of psychiatry is unlikely to occur anytime soon, if ever. It is possible that human psychological functioning and psychiatric suffering are sufficiently complex and changeable as to defy complete, fine-grained, neuroscientific explanation. This would leave a role for psychiatry indefinitely, treating the immensely disabling, biologically unexplained clusters of symptoms that we currently call ‘mental illnesses’, increasingly in collaboration with, or absorbed within, other disciplines in medicine.
Caring and Grieving in the Context of Social and Structural Inequity: Experiences of Australian Carers With Social Welfare Needs
Authors: Bindley Kristin , Lewis Joanne , Travaglia Joanne , DiGiacomo Michelle
Published: November 2021

Caring for and bereavement following the death of someone with a life-limiting illness may precipitate social welfare needs related to income support and housing. Nevertheless, carer experiences of welfare policy and institutions have not received significant attention. This qualitative study explored experiences of carers who navigated social welfare policy while caring for someone with a life-limiting illness, and in bereavement. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 bereaved carers in an area associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. Carers differentially encountered precariousness, with some experiencing structural vulnerability. These positionalities appeared to be shaped by policy and process-related burdens, perceptions of the welfare state, and degrees of legitimisation or disenfranchisement of forms of capital and coping orientations. Recommendations that may improve carer experience were identified. Implications relate to the need for an expanded conceptualisation of vulnerability in health and welfare practice, policy that authentically validates caring and grieving, and upstream strategies that address inequity.
Gaetano Perusini: The Forgotten Neuroscientist Behind “Alzheimer’s” Disease
Authors: Pellegrini Francesco , Rosso Mattia , Chu Duong T.
Published: November 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral impairment with social and occupational impacts. This form of dementia is being increasingly studied, and its prevalence is expected to rise in the near future. Gaetano Perusini, a neuroscientist in the Alzheimer’s laboratory, has played a major clinical and pathological role in the earlier study of Alzheimer’s disease. This article summarizes his role in the discovery of the disease, which should be fairly named Alzheimer-Perusini disease.
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant for the treatment of persistent post-surgical cystoid macular edema in vitrectomized eyes
Authors: Miguel-Escuder Lucia , Olate-Pérez Álvaro , Sala-Puigdoners Anna , Moll-Udina Aina , Figueras-Roca Marc , Navarro-Angulo Manuel Javier , Adán Alfredo , Pelegrín Laura
Published: November 2021

Cystoid macular edema (CME) is the most common cause of decreased visual acuity after both vitrectomy and cataract surgery. Various strategies have been used for its treatment, such as intravitreal corticosteroids. The intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant (Iluvien®) is approved for the treatment of persisting diabetic macular edema and for the prevention of recurrence of non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment. There are very few reports about its off-label use for post-surgical CME. We present four clinical cases of post-surgical CME (three following vitrectomy and one following cataract surgery in a vitrectomized eye 2 years ago). All of them had been previously treated with an average of four injections of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®), with repeated recurrence of CME. After treatment with Iluvien, three cases showed improvement of both visual acuity and macular anatomy, with resolution of the macular edema. One patient required additional treatment with Ozurdex during follow-up, further improving CME. Two of the cases required topical pressure lowering treatment, and none required filtering surgery. Iluvien could be an effective therapeutic option for persistent non-diabetic macular edema after vitrectomy or cataract surgery refractory to other intravitreal therapies, with the benefit of being able to provide longer recurrence-free periods.
Training, management, and quality of nursing care of vascular access in adult patients: The INCATIV project
Authors: Casanova-Vivas Sonia , Micó-Esparza José-Luis , García-Abad Isidro , Hevilla-Cucarella Enrique-Bernardo , Ballestar-Tarin María-Luisa , Blasco José-María , García-Molina Pablo
Published: November 2021

Background:

More than one billion of peripheral venous catheters are inserted into hospitalized patients every year. This study sought to identify the status of nursing care in vascular accesses in different hospitals and to evaluate the impact of a series of informative and formative interventions aimed at their care.

Methods:

Quasi-experimental, multicenter study. A total of 54 nursing professionals of 19 hospitals participated. The intervention consisted of informative talk and three training sessions related to the care and maintenance of vascular accesses and intravenous therapy in the hospital-admitted adult population. This was delivered in four years, with eight periodic cross-sectional assessments conducted before and after each intervention. To assess quality of nursing care in vascular accesses and intravenous therapy, a quality indicator called Standard Variable (VES), was developed and validated with the Delphi methodology.

Results:

A total of 21,108 patients, aged 64.0 years (SD 18.3), were assessed, of which 78.3% (16,516) had some type of vascular access inserted. An average of 22.1% (95% CI: 21.4–22.7) were classified as optimal. In total, 3218 nursing care professionals took part in the training activities. The VES indicator grew steadily throughout the study, raising from 7.8% to 37.6%. Changes were statistically significant between those time points in which one of the described interventions was delivered; however, there were no significant changes between time points with no intervention.

Conclusions:

This study supports that continuous training interventions can produce improvements in the quality of nursing care and reduce complications in patients with vascular accesses. In addition, the VES indicator was a useful and simple tool to measure quality, but the experience with its use suggests continuous research in the search for standardized indicators that objectify the evaluation and evolution of care.
Awareness Toward Mucormycosis Attack for COVID Patients
Authors: Dwivedi Meet Kamal , Dwivedi Ashutosh
Published: November 2021

Risk groups for mucormycosis include persons with immunosuppressed immune system and uncontrolled diabetes. The patients suffering from corona virus or post covid patients have been found to be entrapped with this fungal infection due to suppression in the immune system. Also the major attack was reported in those patients who were in Intensive Care units. It arises due to the fungal infection of various species and can occur simultaneously with covid. The development of black fungus mostly affects lungs, eyes, brain, and skin and is not at all contagious. Proper diagnostic can only predict that the patient is in invasive attack of which mucor species. It is better to take prevention by wearing medicated masks, hand gloves, wearing glasses, avoid dusty and damp places.