bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an anatomic landmark-based measurement of the Achilles tendon v1
Authors: Urness Daniel
Published: October 2020

Introduction Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs) occurred with an incidence of 2.5 per 100,000 person-years in 2016. This rate has been increasing over the last decade and it has been postulated that this is due to the increasing activity level of older people. With a high and increasing incidence of such a significant injury, further investigation must be done to optimize the treatment of ATRs. The degree of tendon lengthening has been correlated with clinical outcomes, with greater elongation being associated with worse outcomes. MRI and ultrasound techniques have been validated in measurement of Achilles tendon. We sought to develop a reliable, reproducible, and accurate measurement technique utilizing the manual palpation of anatomic landmarks that will be cost effective as well as convenient to perform, particularly intraoperatively. Methods Both lower legs of 10 healthy subjects without history of Achilles tendon injury were examined using ultrasound and anatomic landmark-based measurement techniques. Subjects sat upright on the exam table and legs were held in flexion at the knee with slight external rotation with the ankle held at 90o, allowing the lower leg to rest flat on the exam table. The length from the medial head of the gastrocnemius to the bottom of the non-compressed heal pad was measured by three raters using the ultrasound and anatomic landmark-based techniques for inter-rater reliability. The measurements were repeated one week later for intra-rater reliability. Ultrasound measurements had excellent inter-rater (0.93) and intra-rater (0.82) correlation coefficients, while good inter-rater (0.76) and intra-rater (0.86) correlation coefficients were observed among anatomic landmark-based measurements. Achilles tendon length measured with ultrasound and anatomic landmark-based techniques were compared using a paired t-test. Results The anatomic landmark-based technique produces longer measurements of the Achilles tendon (23.2 cm (sd 2.6 cm)) compared to measurements made using ultrasound (22.4 cm (sd 2.6)) (p<0.001). On average, the anatomic landmark-based technique measures 0.8 cm (95% Confidence Interval: 0.4, 1.2) longer than the ultrasound technique. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the anatomic landmark-based and ultrasound measurements is 0.90. Conclusions While the anatomic landmark-based technique produces a longer measurement of the Achilles tendon, it may still be a reproducible measurement tool. If the change in tendon length is of interest, this technique may be a valid and simple way to monitor that variable. Comparison with MRI may be warranted to better determine the accuracy of the anatomic landmark-based Achilles tendon measure. These results compared with MRI may set the stage for further evaluation of this measurement technique in the operating room in subjects undergoing ATR repair.
Estimating biological reference intervals for cell blood counts in a dog population
Authors: Ochoa-Ruíz Valentina , Velasco-Pérez Víctor D. , Patiño Margarita , Restrepo-León Jhonatan S. , Zapata-Bailarín Jannet , Correa-Valencia Nathalia M. , Jaramillo-Arbeláez Patricia E.
Published: October 2020

Background: The results from automated equipment and peripheral blood smears allow correlating clinical data with cellular blood counts (CBC), generating information on pathologies of hematological and non-hematological origin in dogs. Objective: To describe qualitative and quantitative magnitudes of CBC in healthy donor dogs of a blood- bank in Medellín (Colombia). Methods: A descriptive-prospective study was carried out from 146 records of CBC results from a blood-bank. The samples were processed by automated equipment, and trained personnel performed the observation of peripheral blood smears to collect qualitative information. Variables such as age, sex, breed, quantitative results, and observations of the peripheral blood smears were considered. For the definition of biological intervals (BIs), the mean and two standard deviations were used for the data with a normal distribution. Otherwise, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were used. Results: The size, granularity, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in monocytes and polymorphonuclear eosinophils, as well as the presence of Barr chromatin and occasional circulating erythroblasts, were remarkable findings to the peripheral blood smear. With the standardization of data obtained from dogs of large and giant breeds, the present work provides BIs for some of the CBC data in the studied population. Conclusion: The findings of the present study allow approximations to the definition of alterations in blood cells and their counts, which can guide the veterinarian towards an early diagnosis in dogs.
Potential effect of hyaluronic acid and triamcinolone acetate, alone or combined, on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Ocampo Pablo E , Vallejo Viviana , Montoya Luis M , Rocha Noeme S , Landim Fernanda da C , Rahal Sheila C
Published: October 2020

Background: Osteoarthritis is a complex degenerative disease with several factors contributing to joint damage. Objective: To compare the potential effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA), alone or combined, on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods: MSCs were divided into four groups: Control, HA, TA, and HA/TA combined. Each treatment group was cultured for 14 days in chondrogenic differentiation medium. The chondrogenic differentiation potential was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: The HA and HA/TA-treated MSCs presented histological characteristics similar to native chondrocytes. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of TA-treated MSCs was compact and organized. Glycosaminoglycan staining was intense in Control, moderate in TA, slight in HA/TA, and undetectable in HA. Type II collagen immunoreactivity was high in the TA-treated ECM and MSCs. Conclusions: Histological analysis shows that HA influences morphological development similar to chondrocytes of the MSCs, but with low expression of specific cartilage molecules. The TA promotes formation of a compact and organized ECM.
Critical revision of the Myxomycetes collection of Young Naturalists Club of Zoological Museum of Moscow State University
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gmoshinskiy Vladimir I. , Matveev Andrey V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gubanov Evgeny S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bortnikov Fedor M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dunayev Evgeny A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2020

In the present paper, we report the results of a critical revision of the Myxomycetes collection of Young Naturalists Club of Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. The collection consists of 1715 specimens from 142 species in 35 genera, 11 families, and 6 orders. Comprehensive material from Moscow and Moscow Region (1112 specimens), Tver Region (191), and Tyumen Region (112) is presented in the collection. There are also numerous specimens from Irkutsk, Murmansk, Ryazan Regions, and Primorye Territory, and fragmentary collections from Astrakhan, Kaluga, Pskov, Vladimir, Yaroslavl Regions, Altai, Krasnodar, Khabarovsk Territories, Altai and Karelia Republics, as well as Crimean Peninsula and Kingdom of Cambodia (Southeast Asia). During revision we discovered two new species for Russia: Stemonitis uvifera T. Macbr. and Fuligo intermedia T. Macbr. Descriptions and illustrations of these species are presented.
Unspecified skin peripheral T-cell lymphoma: diagnostic difficulties
Authors: Olisova O. Yu. , Vertieva E. Yu. , Amshinskaya D. R. , Lecaillon M. G. , Grekova E. V.
Published: October 2020

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) have an aggressive, life-threatening course. 5‑year survival rate is less than 20 %, which may be due to not timely diagnosis. PTCL-NOS can histologically and immunophenotypically mimic other T-cell lymphomas of the skin, including mycosis fungoides. In this connection, the correct diagnosis is most often established in the late stages of the disease. We present a clinical case of PTCL-NOS misdiagnosed as mycosis fungoides.
Paraneoplastic endocrinopathy in Castleman disease and POEMS syndrome
Authors: Odin V. I. , Polyakov A. S. , Kovalev A. V. , Ondarchuk S. V. , Tyrenko V. V. , Mykhailov A. M. , Bogovskaya T. Yu.
Published: October 2020

Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with Castleman disease, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, symptomatic hemoblastosis or systemic autoimmune diseases. Slow development, nonspecifity of most clinical manifestations and lack of awareness of physicians are the main reasons for the late access to medical care and a long, sometimes many years, diagnostic search. Even after diagnosis, the use of modern methods of immunosuppressive, immunomodulating or antitumor therapy is significantly limited by the difficulties of taxonomic classification of the diagnosis, the lack of unified therapeutic approaches, and related unresolved issues of profiling and drug provision of patients. The article provides an overview of the basic information about the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of POEMS syndrome. Using the example of a patient with Castleman’s disease, the difficulties of primary diagnosis of POEMS syndrome and the problems of interdisciplinary interaction of doctors of various specialties are demonstrated. The significance of endocrine disorders in the diagnosis and treatment planning is analyzed.
Automatic engagement detection in the education: critical review
Authors: Kasatkina D.A. , Kravchenko A.M. , Kupriyanov R.B. , Nekhorosheva E.V.
Published: October 2020

This paper reviews the key research of the automatic engagement detection in education. Automatic engagement detection is necessary in enhancing educational process, there is a lack of out-of-the-box technical solutions. Engagement can be detected while tracing learning-centered affects: interest, confusion, frustration, delight, anger, boredom, and their facial and bodily expressions. Most of the researchers reveal these emotions on video using Facial Action Coding System (FACS). But there doesn’t exist a set of ready-made criteria to detect engagement and many scientists use additional techniques like self-reports, audio-data, physiological indicators and others. In this paper we present a review of most recent researches in the field of automatic affect and engagement detection and present our theoretical model of engagement in educational process based on the learning-centered affects’s detection. Engagement is understood as an affective and cognitive state, accompanying learning process. While reaching optimal engagement students experience various affects, where highly positive and negative feelings mean that a student is close to be engaged in the learning process.
Self-efficacy in the educational process (review of foreign studies)
Authors: Shilenkova L.N.
Published: October 2020

The article provides an overview of foreign studies on self-efficacy in learning. Its theoretical basis is the concept of self-efficacy proposed by A. Bandura within the framework of social-cognitive personality theory. The article provides an overview of modern studies examining academic self-efficacy of learners, including those involved in distance learning. The relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic achievement of students is analyzed. Separately, the self- efficacy and collective efficacy of teachers, as well as their relationship with the academic success of students are considered.
Radicalization of women: an explicative potential of social psychological knowledge
Authors: Bovin B.G. , Moskvitina M.M. , Bovina I.B.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the problem of women's radicalization. Based on a review of the literature, it seems possible to say that this problem is often ignored, terrorism is considered as the men’s activity, it is mistakenly believed that women are hardly capable of aggressive behavior, in case of involvement in terrorist activities, they are in a minor capacity. For terrorist organizations, it is a strategic step to use women because women are assigned the tasks where men can attract attention and be caught. In the activities of a terrorist organization, women perform a number of different roles: informants, specialists in developing propaganda strategies, recruiters, managers, qualified specialists, interpreters, objects of sexual bait, fighters. Information distributed by women is perceived differently from that distributed by men, it takes on a different meaning. The paper discusses the specific features of the reasons why men and women become radicalized, noting that the mechanisms of radicalization themselves hardly differ in the case of men and women. The paper is focused on the applicability and potential of theoretical schemes to explain the radicalization of women. Special attention is paid to the theory of uncertainty-identity, and empirical data obtained within the framework of this theory are discussed.
Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in atherosclerosis: Signature of monocytes and macrophages
Authors: Ramote Daniel
Published: October 2020

The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a member of the C-C chemokine family, and a potent chemotactic factor for monocytes. MCP-1 is believed to be identical to JE, a gene whose expression is induced in mouse fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor. Two SNPs of CCL2, namely, G-927C and A-2578G, were found to be associated with carotid intima-media thickness, which reflects generalized atherosclerosis and is predictive of future vascular events. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is the first discovered and most extensively studied CC chemokine, and the amount of studies on its role in the etiologies of atherosclerosis-related diseases have increased exponentially during recent years. This review attempted to provide a perspective of the history, regulatory mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic strategies of this chemokine. The highlights of this review include the roles of MCP-1 in the development of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and dyslipidemia. Therapies that specifically or non-specifically inhibit MCP-1 overproduction have been summarized.
Navigating a Multisemiotic Labyrinth: Reflections on the Translation of Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves
Authors: Misiou Vasiliki
Published: October 2020

Multimodal literature is not a new phenomenon. However, thanks to today’s technological advances, authors are further enabled to orchestrate and blend various available modes and resources to achieve cohesion and coherence within highly complex texts. By looking at the intersection of semiotics and translation studies, this paper focuses on the Greek translation of Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves. This novel incorporates multimodal and ergodic features that contribute to meaning creation and engage readers physically and mentally. In such a context, a literary translator has to traverse not only linguistic and cultural boundaries, but other modes and media employed for representation and meaning production, as well. Thus, one wonders whether the translator has to adopt new strategies when translating a multisemiotic text. Is the translation part of meaning-making? In an age of a plethora of means and forms of expression, what constitutes writing and reading, and by extension translation, is challenged, and literary texts –now often multimodal semiotic ensembles– invite all parties involved in an interpretive game. Through the prism of multimodal social semiotics, translation, and literary studies, and with a focus on their interaction and interconnectedness, this paper attempts to explore the new practices and forms of literary translation and the impact of the use of semiotic resources as meaning-making tools on the translation decisions made and the role of the translator. Is multimodal literacy just the tip of the iceberg of the changes brought to the field of translation studies?
La traduction franco-russe d’un point de vue sémiotique
Authors: Merkoulova Inna
Published: October 2020

The article will focus on our personal experience in Russian translation of the reference book by French semioticians Algirdas Julien Greimas and Jacques Fontanille on the semiotics of passions. In particular, possible translative variations of terms relating to passions such as ‘umbrage’ with no exact analogue in Russian have been discussed with one of the authors, Jacques Fontanille. According to Umberto Eco, for a theory of translation, not only may it be necessary to examine many examples of translation, but also to have had at least one of the following three experiences: in checking translations by others, in translating, and in being translated - or better still, in being translated in collaboration with one’s translator. We will also present Yuri Lotman’s semiosphere, being especially interested in the French translation of concepts such as ‘unpredictability.’ The experience of written scientific translation, on the one hand, and experience in the international cultural sphere, on the other hand, will allow us to put forward some hypotheses about the importance of intersemiotic translation.
Some Aspects of Increasing the Efficiency of Automated Production Lines
Authors: Amirov F.G.
Published: October 2020

The article examines the development of mathematical models of automated production lines to determine their efficiency, depending on the following parameters: the number of sections and the number of steams in each section, the number and type of storage buffers, and the number of adjusters. Some issues related to the theory of automated line performance at the design and operation stage are also considered. The existing methods for calculating the efficiency of automated production lines are considered as a stage-by-stage design process, and the necessary decision making rules are defined. It is noted that the technological process is specified in the form of technological transitions. A method for obtaining the lower and upper estimates of productivity and the availability factor are developed. The proposed method involves using computers and assumes, as initial data, the availability of analytical solutions for calculating the efficiency of elementary modules that the automated line is comprised of. Integrated automation leads to improved efficiency of the automated line, better quality of the finished product, and a reduced manufacturing cycle. ed for publication
A Unified Theory of Structure, Synthesis and Analysis of Multibody Mechanical Systems with Geometrical, Flexible and Dynamic Connections. Part 1. Basic Structural Equations and Universal Structure Tables
Authors: Pozhbelko V.I.
Published: October 2020

Multibody mechanical systems (mechanisms and machine drives) are widely used in different fields of modern engineering due to their reliability and simple design. They can be found in robots, manipulators, technological and construction equipment, automatic lines, etc. This paper presents a unified theory of structure, synthesis and analysis of mechanisms and machines with geometrical (single and multiple kinematic pairs), flexible contact (friction or belt) and dynamic contactless (inertial, gravitational, etc.) connections. The theory can be used to construct planar and spatial single- and multi-loop kinematic chains of machines with a given number of closed loops and driving motors. Areas of possible existence of multibody mechanical systems with open, closed and mixed kinematic chain are determined. Based on these findings, various planar and spatial gear and linkage patentable mechanisms are developed that can be used in vibrational drives, variable structure systems requiring precise stoppage during the cycle, lever actuators of multi-axle locomotives, spatial mixers with several mixing tanks, tribometers for measuring the limiting pulling capacity of flexible belts of belt-and-pulley drives, and direct-drive devices for horizontal motion of a suspended load with a low set velocity.
Leapfrogging Africa: Sustainable Innovation in Health, Education and Agriculture
Authors: Klingholz Reiner , Sütterlin Sabine , Kaps Alisa , Hinz Catherina
Published: October 2020

In this study, we look at the potential for development leaps in Africa in three key sectors that provided the basis for socioeconomic development around the world: health, education and agriculture. Advances in these sectors increase the human capital, create jobs and economic opportunities and have a positive influence on each other. Healthy and well-fed children can learn better; hygiene and better medical care diminish infant mortality, which reduces the desire for a large number of children; education for women promotes gender equality and causes birth rates to fall further. This creates a population structure under which the economy can grow particularly well: a demographic dividend becomes possible.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AROMATERAPI LAVENDER TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI LUKA IBU POST SECTIO CAESAREA DI RST dr MALANG
Authors: Maulina Rizful Maulina
Published: October 2020

Sectio caesarea merupakan pembedahan dilakukan dengan membuat sayatan yang selalu berhubungan dengan insisi yang menimbulkan berbagai keluhan dan gejala. Salah satu keluhan yang sering dikemukakan adalah nyeri. Aromaterapi lavender merupakan salah satu pengobatan nonfarmakologi yang dapat mengurangi nyeri karena kandungan yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lavender untuk penurunan skala nyeri luka ibu post sectio caesarea. Desain penelitian pre experiment design dengan one group pre test-post test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ibu post sectio caesarea hari ke 1-2 bulan Juni 2017. Sampelnya ibu post sectio caesarea sejumlah 8 responden. Teknik sampling menggunakan Purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Sebelum pemberian aromaterapi lavender menunjukkan 100% responden mengalami nyeri sedang. Setelah pemberian aromaterapi lavender menunjukkan bahwa 62,5% responden dengan nyeri sedang dan 37,5% dengan nyeri ringan. Hasil analisa data nilai p value sebesar 0,021 yang kurang dari α (0,05) sehingga H1 diterima yakni  ada pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lavender terhadap penurunan nyeri luka ibu post sectio caesarea. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka disarankan tenaga medis dapat mengkombinasikan farmakologi dan non farmakologi dalam praktek kebidanan sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi nyeri pada ibu post sectio caesarea.Kata Kunci: sikap orang tua, sikap teman sebaya, akses media, perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko IMS
Ethel Arias Duarte
Authors: Rosero Verónica , Llorca Néstor
Published: October 2020

En la década de 1950 una serie de arquitectos uruguayos estaban radicados en Ecuador; muchos de ellos ampliamente reconocidos y documentados en el medio local. Ethel Arias, arquitecta uruguaya nacida en 1925 fue parte de un grupo privilegiado de profesionales, nacionales y extranjeros, que ejecutaron edificios emblemáticos en esa época. No obstante, poco se ha documentado de esta profesional quien fue la primera mujer en ejercer la arquitectura en el Ecuador. El estudio involucra breves aspectos biográficos, la contextualización de la década de 1950, una revisión sobre las complejidades de ser mujer en un medio conservador con una profesión masculinizada y su aprendizaje en Ecuador entre lo colonial y lo autóctono. Finalmente se analiza su obra más relevante, la reconstrucción del Palacio de Gobierno, como parte de un discurso sobre la modernidad en Quito, con énfasis en las decisiones técnicas como configuradoras de un espacio que mantiene sus características a pesar de varias intervenciones posteriores.
Comparison of Cognitive Performance Between Two Generations of Immigrant School-Aged Children: Child Development Change Over Time
Authors: Figueiredo Sandra
Published: October 2020

The objective of this research is to comparatively analyze the performance of two generations of children (as first generation of immigrants) attending primary and secondary education in different geographical areas, evaluated in different decades but with equivalent age brackets. Two samples of 169 immigrant school populations in Portugal, with fair immigration criteria, were evaluated for the same verbal reasoning and auditory discrimination tasks in different periods (cohort 1—2001–2009 and cohort 2—2013–2017). The aim is to verify if age remains a differentiating variable of the performance and acuity, as maintained by the critical period hypothesis. That performance referring to two samples evaluated in second language decoding tasks, in different periods. Additionally, to evaluate the emergence of other factors that explain proficiency, cognitive and linguistic discrimination behaviors of two generations of immigrant students in Portugal. The results contribute to a new direction in the analysis and intervention for school groups that are highly diverse in terms of mother tongue and nationalities. The data point to a greater divergence of performance and difficulties not according only to the disparity of ages, but considering the nationality (country of origin and respective educational system). It is also clear, despite just the difference of a decade, how subjects are changing their immigration routes and their cognitive and social development.
Turnover Intention Among Nurses in Nurse Managers, Directors, and Executives: Developing a Tool for Measuring Environmental Factors
Authors: Warden Deborah Hughes , Hughes Ronda G. , Probst Janice C. , Adams Swann Arp , Warden David N.
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose

Turnover among nurse managers, directors, and executives is associated with staff nurse retention and patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of an instrument to evaluate factors associated with intent to leave among these leaders within acute care facilities.

Methods

The Nurse Leader Environment Support Survey (NLESS) was developed and evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing (Cronbach's α). Data was obtained as part of a large nationwide electronic survey (N = 1,903).

Results

Factors converged into three major themes (organizational culture, professional vulnerability, and workplace relationships) which were consistent across all three leadership groups. Factor subscales exhibited Cronbach's α > .7.

Conclusions

The NLESS is a useful tool in comparing reasons for turnover among nursing leadership groups. Future refinement may prove useful in identifying and clarifying foundational causes of turnover.
Reliability and Validity of the Knowledge of Person-Centered Behavioral Approaches for BPSD Test
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Kolanowski Ann , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Galik Elizabeth , Boltz Marie , Ellis Jeanette , Behrens Liza , Eshraghi Karen , Viviano Nicole , Madrigal Caroline
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Knowledge of Person-Centered Behavioral Approaches for BPSD based on a Rasch analysis.

Methods

This study used baseline data from the Implementation of the Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (EIT-4-BPSD) clinical trial.

Results

A total 1,071 nurses completed the test. There was evidence of reliability (alpha coefficient of .99), construct validity with INFIT and OUTFIT statistics in the .6 to 1.4 range, and hypothesis testing with a significant correlation between the Knowledge of Person-Centered Behavioral Approaches for BPSD and positive care interactions.

Conclusions

Future use of the measure should include more challenging items to differentiate those very high in knowledge of person-centered behavioral approaches for BPSD.
Sociocultural Influences on Attitudes Toward Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), History of PrEP Use, and Future PrEP Use in HIV-Vulnerable Cisgender Men Who Have Sex With Men Across the United States
Authors: Westmoreland Drew A. , Patel Viraj V. , D'Angelo Alexa B. , Nash Denis , Grov Christian
Published: October 2020

Despite its proven effectiveness in reducing HIV transmission, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains low. This study used data from a 2017–2018 U.S. national cohort to investigate social influences on PrEP experience and future PrEP use among cisgender men who have sex with men. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic analyses to examine social influences (e.g., how participants heard about PrEP and number of persons they knew taking PrEP) associated with each previous PrEP use and intentions to use PrEP. Among participants who knew of PrEP, commonly reported ways of first hearing about PrEP were through social media (27.4%) and friends (26.8%). These were also cited top influences on participants' current attitudes toward PrEP (friends 23.5%, social media 22.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses found that knowing more people taking PrEP was associated with increased odds of previously using PrEP and intending to use PrEP. Friends and social media were common and influential sources of information regarding PrEP. Results suggest that tapping into these social connections may effectively disseminate public health messaging about PrEP and encourage use among key populations to reduce HIV burden.
Pedagogías para la paz, la relevancia de la perspectiva de géneros y la interseccionalidad
Authors: Amézquita Aguirre Luisa , Trimiño Velásquez Celina
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es indagar algunos desarrollos de las pedagogías para la paz y su articulación con teorías que impugnan al patriarcado. Su originalidad radica en conectar la disertación sobre las pedagogías para la paz, la relevancia de la perspectiva de géneros y la interseccionalidad, e impele a que se desborden los límites de epistemologías excluyentes, para avanzar hacia propuestas alternativas. El método cualitativo-interpretativo facilita emplear estrategiasde análisis documental para examinar teorías que contribuyen, con otros presupuestos, a evidenciar la diversidad de los seres humanos y a denunciar las múltiples opresiones de las que son objeto sectores de la población por distintas causas que pretenden justificar su exclusión de los espacios públicos y decisorios, lo que viola sus derechos humanos, y en varios países, lleva incluso, a su eliminación física. Esta dinámica de exploración teórica permite concluir que, aproximarse a las pedagogías para la paz, es un ejercicio permanente que involucra tanto a los currículos educativos como a las acciones de la vida cotidiana, quehacer que exige un esfuerzo mancomunado de la sociedad colombiana para la consolidación de una paz estable y duradera.
Death and Funerary Practices in the Context of Epidemics: Upholding the Rights of Religious Minorities
Authors: Ripoll Santiago
Published: October 2020

This working paper explores the challenges that emerge when public health measures to mitigate the risk of infection during an epidemic infringe on the rights of religious communities to say a final farewell to their loved ones according to their custom. The paper aims to answer these questions: how does epidemic response in the context of death and burials frame and impact religious minority rights? And in turn, how do sectarian dynamics reposition themselves in the context of epidemic response?
NURSE COMPLIANCE IN CARRYING OUT PAIN ASSESSMENT IN CANCER PATIENTS [KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENGKAJIAN NYERI PADA PASIEN KANKER]
Authors: Houghty Grace Solely , Tambayong Jesica Margareth , Tahulending Peggy Sara
Published: October 2020

Pain is a frightening thing and symptoms that are very complained of by patients with a diagnosis of cancerIn order to provide nursing care for pain, nurses need to carry out an accurate pain assessment. Pain assessment in one of the hospital is usually conducted by referring to the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). However, nurses do not comply with this SPO so that there is a difference in the data obtained from thquality assurance section of a hospital with reality in the field. The purpose of this study was to determinnurses' compliance in implementing standard operating procedure (SOP) for pain assessment in a privatehospital in Central Indonesia. This research method is quantitative descriptive design. The population of thisstudy were 83 nurses who worked actively in the hospital's chemotherapy room, with a total sample of 30 nurses, taken by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the level of nurse compliance inconducting pain assessment was as follows: almost most nurses (90%) were in good categories and 67% nurses (20 people) conducted repeated pain assessments in good categories. Nurses play an important role inconducting pain assessment and management in patients therefore the nursing care becomes more effective.Further research can focus on factors that influence nurse compliance in implementing pain assessment in cancer patient.

BAHASA INDONESIA Nyeri merupakan hal yang menakutkan dan gejala yang sangat dikeluhkan oleh pasien dengan diagnosa kanker. Agar dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan terhadap nyeri, perawat perlu melakukan pengkajian nyeri yang akurat. Pengkajian nyeri di salah satu rumah sakit biasanya dilakukan dengan mengacu pada Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO). Namun seringkali perawat tidak mematuhi SPO ini sehingga terjadi perbedaan data yang diperoleh dari bagian penjaminan mutu suatu rumah sakit dengan kenyataan di lapangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan SPO pengkajian nyeri di sebuah rumah sakit swasta di Indonesia Bagian Tengah. Metode penelitian ini adalah desain deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 83 perawat yang bekerja aktif di ruang kemoterapi rumah sakit tersebut, dengan jumlah sampel 30 perawat, yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian nyeri sebagai berikut: hampir sebagian besar perawat (90%) berada dalam kategori baik dan 67% perawat (20 orang) melakukan pengkajian nyeri secara berulang berada dalam kategori baik. Perawat memegang peranan yang penting dalam melakukan pengkajian dan manajemen nyeri pada pasien agar asuhan menjadi efektif. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat berfokus pada faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan pengkajian nyeri pada pasien kanker.
THE DIFFERENCE OF PAIN SCALE USING NUMERIC RATING SCALE AND VISUAL ANALOG SCALE IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Paluwih Natya Ayu , Sihombing Riama Marlyn , Lebdawicaksaputri Kinanthi
Published: October 2020

Post-operative pain is acute and subjective therefore the perceived pain intensity will be different. In one of the western Indonesia Hospitals in measuring the pain threshold using 2 tools namely Numeric Rating Scale and Wong Baker Face. Measurement of the pain intensity can be done with NRS and VAS scale. The objective of this research was to identify the difference of pain scale using the NRS and VAS scale in post-operative patients. The research method was descriptive quantitative using comparative approach. The study was conducted on 1 November 2017 – 12 December 2017.The population of the study are the post-operative patients at the In-Patient wards in a private hospital in Western Part of Indonesia. The samples were obtained using purposive sampling with n = 41. Research instrument consists of observation sheet using NRS and VAS scale. The results showed most respondents during the first eight hours using NRS scale had mild pain (80.5%); first 16 hours had light pain (63.4%); and had mild pain in the first 24 hours (85.4%). Using VAS scale, most of the respondents on the first eight hours has mild pain (87.8%); first 16 hours has mild pain (68.3%); and has mild pain in the first 24 hours (87.8%). The conclusion of this study is there is no difference in pain scale of post-operative patients using VAS scale and NRS scale. So, hospitals can also use the VAS scale to assess pain scale in post-operative patients.
Does land use type impact the demographic and spatial structures of Adansonia digitata L. in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Northern Benin?
Authors: ASSOGBA Orgely Doris Imeilda , SALAKO Kolawolé Valère , FANTODJI Benjamin , ASSÉDÉ Éméline P. S. , ASSOGBADJO Achille Ephrem , CHIRWA Paxie Wanangwa
Published: October 2020

Changes in land use type (LUT) are a major driver of biodiversity loss and species decline. Responses to changes in LUT are species-specific, which may in turn be context-dependent.  Understanding such responses is essential for the management of socio-economically important wild tree species. The baobab, Adansonia digitata L., is an important traditional agroforestry tree species in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses how LUT affects the demographic and spatial structure of baobab stands. Using data from a census and mapping of baobab trees in 12 plots of 250 m × 250 m each, the study compared baobab tree density, total height and diameter, diameter size-class distribution (SCD), stand stability, and spatial relationships in a strictly protected area (national park), a buffer zone and farmlands (Matéri and Boukombé) in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin. The results show that the highest young and adult tree densities are in farmlands (particularly in Matéri), followed by the buffer zone and the national park. No significant differences in tree diameter and total height of baobab trees were found among the different LUT. The SCD had a reverse J-shape with a better negative slope and population stability metrics in farmlands (particularly in Matéri) but a flattened slope in the buffer zone. The spatial distributions of juvenile and adult baobab trees were random, and independent of each other. The spatial distribution of juvenile and adult baobabs was also independent of the other tree species, irrespective of LUT. It was concluded that baobab conservation is better in farmlands than in the national park but that the difference between park and farmlands may be context-dependent, probably linked to local environmental conditions, the socio-ecological context and interactions with baobab trees.
Pengelolaan Faktor Risiko Secara Komprehensif Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Skabies Santri Pesantren NURIS Jember
Authors: Sutejo Ika Rahmawati , Marchianti Ancah , Rosyidi Viddi , Noveyani Adhista
Published: October 2020

Santri pondok pesantren merupakan komunitas berisiko tinggi terserang skabies karena kepadatan dan kontak erat penghuninya. Santri yang terserang mengalami gatal, sulit tidur di malam hari, sampai dengan infeksi sekunder sehingga mengganggu proses belajar. Penyakit ini disebabkan sanitasi lingkungan dan hygiene personal yang buruk akibat pengetahuan santri tentang penyakit terbatas. Pesantren selalu menekankan upaya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, yang tanpa kesadaran santri tidak akan berjalan optimal. Sehingga perlu dilaksanakan upaya komprehensif dengan fokus peningkatan pengetahuan santri tentang hidup sehat, sehingga timbul kesadaran untuk merubah perilaku menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan pribadi. Metode kegiatan terdiri dari identifikasi, pendataan dan pengobatan santri penderita skabies, pemberian penyuluhan mengenai penyakit dan pencegahannya termasuk perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), pelatihan wakil santri, pelatihan pembuatan sabun belerang, dan pendampingan perbaikan kebersihan lingkungan ponpes. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan bulan September-November 2020 di pesantren Nurul Islam (Nuris) Kelurahan Antirogo Kecamatan Sumbersari Jember. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah santri Madarasah tsanawiyah (MTs), SMA, santri yang tergabung pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PMR, serta pengasuh ponpes. Hasil akhir kegiatan ini berupa turunnya angka kasus skabies, peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap santri, tersedianya produk sabun belerang, terdapat wakil santri yang terlatih mendeteksi dan memberiksan penangan awal kasus skabies ringan, dan adanya rekomendasi kepada pengasuh terkait peningkatan sanitasi dan kebersihan lingkungan pondok.
Driving quality assessment system as part of intelligent onboard system
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Makarova I. V. , Mukhametdinov E. M. ,   Kazan Federal University, Shepelev V. D. ,   South Ural State University, Al’metova Z. V. ,   South Ural State University
Published: October 2020

Driving parameters are controlled by external characteristics with the help of modern software tools; It can be, for example, the number of accelerations and deceleration, the speed of the vehicle, etc. However, the data obtained do not fully reflect the real situation. We propose a method of driving quality assessment by developing a neuro-fuzzy model of engine fuel consumption. In the first layer of the developed neuro-fuzzy model, the membership degrees of input parameters in fuzzy set are calculated. The outputs of the first layer neurons are the membership degrees of input values in fuzzy sets associated with the neurons. The second layer determines the degree to which the values of the input signals correspond to the rule conditions. The signals at the output of the third layer are the sum of products of weights and normalized degrees of the rules activity. It has been found that the cut of the surface appears smooth, which demonstrates that it is possible to obtain a control effect for any values of input variables from a given range. Values of the actual fuel consumption and fuel consumption according to the model are obtained. The relative error of individual measurements is calculated, as well as the average value of the model error. The maximum error was 3,5375 %, and the average model error was 0,4429 %. The developed method has been tested during road tests. The results of the tests confirm its adequacy on the public road (Ufa - Moscow route).
Reliability analysis of ЭС2Г series compressor train units at the beginning of operation
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Vorob’ev A.A. , Zyazev S.O. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: October 2020

The article considers reliability analysis of compressor screw units on electric trains of ЭС2Г series on the basis of information received on operating time between failures from the beginning of operation. The combined recovery process and recovery function are plotted, and the fault flow function is calculated and constructed. Conclusions on the reliability of the considered equipment are drawn on the failure flow function. At the beginning of operation of these compressor units a number of failures occurred related to the run-in period. The manufacturer took into account all cases of incorrect operation and made changes in the design and electrical control circuits, which allowed reducing the probability of failures many times in the future. In the future, the present results can be usefully applied to calculate the distribution function and estimate the 90% resource.
Evolution of assymetric swirl upward flows adjacent to vacuum
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Bautin S. P. , Deryabin S. L. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The problems of modeling three-dimensional flows adjacent to vacuum were regarded earlier (see, for example, [1–5]). In works [1–3] onedimensional and multi-dimensional flows of polytropic and normal gas adjacent to vacuum were investigated. In works [4, 5] symmetric swirl upward flows of polytropic gas around of the vertical located contact characteristic separating the gas and vacuum were considered. It is shown that even in case the gas abuts vacuum, it swirls counterclockwise. It is also found that the vortex itself moves westward, shifting slightly northward. The present paper considers the evolution of the asymmetric gas flow at the initial time continuously adjacent to vacuum. An equation system of gas dynamics under the action of gravity and Coriolis force is adopted as a mathematical model. For the equation system of gas dynamics the initial boundary value problem is set on the multiplicity characteristic of four. The solution to the problem is created in the form of a power series and the existence and uniqueness theorem of the solution around the free surface «gas-vacuum» is proved.
Modeling of information exchange in case of emergencies during railway transport process
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Sirina N. F. , Sisina O. A. ,   Ural Institute of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: October 2020

Emergencies in railway transport process cause huge losses of wealth and human lives. The longer time is taken to attract forces and facilities to eliminate emergencies, the greater the losses will be. The time parameters of attraction are determined by the interval from the moment of an emergency and the beginning of transmission of information about it to the moment of communication of this information to all the officials of structures required to attract. Russian Railways JSC has developed regulatory documents on information exchange for transmission of emergency information. Based on the results of the regulatory documents analysis, a scheme of information exchange has been developed for the management regions of the Sverdlovsk Railway in case of emergencies during the transport process. The principles of structural units involvement in elimination of an emergency in case of its expansion are described.
Developing the drivers’ reliability model based on the process approach
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Vasilyev V. I. , Ovsyannikov V. E. ,   Kurgan State University, Shiryayeva A. N. ,   Kurgan State University
Published: October 2020

The present paper considers the issues of ensuring drivers’ reliability. It is shown that drivers’ reliability is a complex phenomenon, depending on a large number of factors of different nature (medical, social, professional, etc.). Another aspect concerning the reliability of drivers is the absence of a direct relationship between driving experience and the improvement of professional reliability of the driver (since negative skills can be formed). This problem requires a comprehensive solution. Therefore, the process approach is very effective in this regard. Process models were built on the basis of the methodology of functional modeling IDEF0. At that, ensuring drivers’ reliability is considered as an integral part of the process of personnel management of transport companies. Structural decomposition of the model with allocation of sub-processes (personnel planning, regulation of its number, motivation and development, as well as risk management in the considered area) has been performed. The selected sub-processes are divided into smaller components. Based on the hierarchy analysis method, the sub-processes have been identified that require improvement in regard of drivers’ reliability. As criteria for the analysis, the degree of influence on drivers’ reliability, the complexity of formalization and the possibility of automation are identified. The development of an automated system for ensuring drivers’ reliability based on the process approach can be supposed as a prospect for further research.
Calculation of parameters of the container freight station
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PSTU), Pokrovskaya Oksana Dmitrievna , Moroz Yuliya Aleksandrovna ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PSTU)
Published: October 2020

This work is devoted to the development of software for automatic performance for the calculation of container freight station parameters. The article provides a brief description of the functional features of the program. The technical composition of a typical container terminal is described. Detailed flowcharts for implementing the main calculation procedures are presented. The distinctive features and areas of practical application of the program are formulated.