bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Models of Integrated Solidification and Cementation of Cementformation Interface with New Method
Authors: Gu Jun , Zhong Pei , Qin Wenzheng , Liu Haoya , Dong Lifei , Yang Yijun
Published: August 2013

The isolation failure of cement-formation interface is an important and urgent problem in oil production, while
an effective way to solve it is to realize the integrated solidification and cementation of cement-formation interface (ISCCFI).
In order to study the kinetics of ISCCFI with MTA (Mud Cake to Agglomerated Cake) method, the Diamond Differential
Scanning Calorimetry Analyzer is adopted for experiments with dynamic method and isothermal method. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the solidification reaction temperature and the heating rate of ISCCFI
with MTA method. For the first exothermic peak, the initial temperature, peak tip temperature and final temperature are 53 °C, 69 °C and 83 °C respectively, and the apparent activation energy of solidification reaction is
44.39×10-3 kJ.;mol-1, the natural logarithm of preexponential factor is 7.26, the solidification reaction order is 0.88. For the second exothermic peak, the initial temperature, peak tip temperature and final temperature are 83 °C, 92 °C and
114 °C respectively, and the apparent activation energy of solidification reaction is 99.14×10-3 kJ.;mol-1, the natural logarithm of preexponential factor is 24.77, the solidification reaction order is 0.94. The maximum solidification reaction
rates at 50 °C, 75 °C and 90 °C are 0.09×10-3 s-1, 0.27×10-3 s-1 and 0.51×10-3 s-1 respectively. The kinetic models of ISCCFI with MTA method under different temperatures are established. It provides a theoretical and technical support for
the isolation improvement of cement-formation interface.
An Exploration of State Income Tax Nexus: Does Economic Nexus Really Benefit States?
Authors: Davis Ann Boyd , Hageman Amy M.
Published: August 2013

While considerable attention in the state taxation literature has been devoted to understanding how much of a corporation's income is subject to tax in a state, much less has been placed on understanding the more critical question of whether a corporation is subject to tax in a given state in the first place (Wildasin 2010). This study investigates the antecedents of state income tax nexus and the influence of economic nexus adoption on state corporate tax revenue collections with a two-stage least squares model using an instrumental variable approach and panel data from 2000–2009. The results of this model indicate that adoptions of economic nexus standards are more common in states with a weaker domiciled business group presence, consistent with interest group theory; adoptions are also more common among states with no required combined reporting, no NOL carryback provisions, the imposition of an alternative minimum tax (AMT), and a higher gross state product. Interestingly, after the first year of adoption, states that adopt economic nexus standards have no statistically significant difference in corporate tax revenue collections compared to those that follow a physical presence standard. In additional analyses, we determine that the interactive influences between diffusion and political factors and between diffusion and interest group factors also affect states' economic nexus adoptions. These results contribute to the taxation literature by suggesting that states' economic nexus standard adoptions are carried out for interest group, political, and regional diffusion reasons, and are not associated with any long-term discernible effects on state corporate taxation revenues.

Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the text and Table 2.
What Influences Accounting Research? A Citations-Based Analysis
Authors: Dunbar Amy E. , Weber David P.
Published: August 2013

We compile and analyze the reference lists from papers published in nine accounting journals over the period 1996–2011 to identify the individual antecedent works that have been cited the most often by accounting research. We conduct our analyses separately for different topical areas (audit, financial, managerial, tax, other) and research methodologies (archival, experimental, theoretical, other). We then present and discuss lists of the individual works that are most heavily cited by each category. Our results should be useful to Ph.D. students and those who train them in identifying important prior work that continues to motivate and provide a foundation for contemporary accounting research.
Evaluation of financial performance of contributory organizations under the jurisdiction of municipalities
Authors: Papcunová Viera
Published: August 2013

Public administration reform has brought about, inter alia, the change of financing of original and delegated competences for municipalities. In this context, the conditions for economy of local government have changed, while the pressure was put on municipalities to make more efficient use of their property to receive the greatest possible benefit in terms of economic, social and territorial development. A municipality can manage its own property, but it can also entrust it to the budgetary and contributory organizations. The Act no. 138/1991 Coll. indicates that the municipal authorities and organizations are required to manage municipal property in favour of development of municipalities and their citizens, and protection and creation of the environment. One of the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of property use is also financial analysis, eventually economic analysis. Analysis usually results in practical useful knowledge, creating the foundation for an objective definition of relevant conditions (factors) for the future capital appreciation in municipalities. The aim of this paper is to evaluate financial performance of contributory organizations under the jurisdiction of municipalities with help of selected indicators.
The Ck Space
Authors: Kanazashi Katuhiko , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari
Published: August 2013

In this article, we formalize continuous differentiability of realvalued functions on n-dimensional real normed linear spaces. Next, we give a definition of the Ck space according to [23].
New age data from the tectonostratigraphic units of the Istranca “Massif” in NW Turkey: a correlation with SE Bulgaria
Authors: Bedı Yavuz , Vasilev Emil , Dabovski Christo , Ergen Alı , Okuyucu Cengız , Doğan Adıl , Tekın U. Kağan , Ivanova Daria , Boncheva Iliana , Lakova Iskra , Sachanski Valeri , Kuşcu İsmaıl , Tuncay Ercan , Demıray D. Gülnur , Soycan Havva , Göncüoğlu M. Cemal
Published: August 2013

The Istranca Crystalline Complex in NW Anatolia and SE Bulgaria includes structural units that differ in lithostratigraphy, metamorphism, age and structural position. They are collectively named as the “Istranca nappes” comprising from bottom to top the Sarpdere, Mahyadağ and Doğanköy Nappes. The Sarpdere Nappe consists of Lower Triassic arkosic metasandstones with slate interlayers, followed by Middle to Upper Triassic carbonates and an alternation of Upper Triassic clastics and carbonates. The Mahyadağ Nappe comprises a low-grade metamorphic Late Paleozoic- Triassic carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary succession. The Doğanköy Nappe includes Precambrian?-Paleozoic metasediments, intruded by Late Carboniferous-Early Permian calc-alkaline granitoids. Its Triassic cover comprises metaclastics and metacarbonates. The Istranca nappes were juxtaposed at the end of the Triassic and transgressively covered by Lower Jurassic coarse clastics, followed above by Middle to Late Jurassic carbonates, black shales and carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary succession. The phosphate concretions in black shales yielded radiolarian assemblages indicating Late Bajocian-Early Bathonian, Early Bathonian and Early Kimmeridgian ages. These nappes and their Jurassic cover are unconformably overlain by the Cenomanian-Santonian volcano-sedimentary successions intruded by Santonian-Campanian Dereköy-Demirköy intrusive suite. The preliminary data suggest that the Variscan basements of the Mahyadağ and Sarpdere Nappes were juxtaposed prior to the Triassic and overridden by the Doğanköy Nappe of possible Rhodopean origin from S to N during the Cimmerian compressional events
Acute toxicity of 31 different nanoparticles to zebrafish (Danio rerio) tested in adulthood and in early life stages – comparative study
Authors: Kovrižnych Jevgenij A. , Sotníková Ružena , Zeljenková Dagmar , Rollerová Eva , Szabová Elena , Wimmerová Soňa
Published: August 2013

At present, nanoparticles are beginning to influence our lives in many ways and understanding the environmental health and safety aspect of nanomaterials has become a crucial issue. The aim of the work was to assess and compare the acute toxicity of 31 different nanomaterials to fish mature individuals Danio rerio with that to fish early life stages on using evaluation of the 48- and 96- hour LC50 values. A further aim was to evaluate teratogenicity of the nanoparticles tested to fish eggs. The nanoparticles tested were: 8 pure metals, 10 metal oxides, 5 other metal compounds and their mixtures, 2 silicon compounds, 3 calcium compounds, and 3 carbon compounds. Using 48-h and 96-h tests of acute toxicity (according to OECD 203), we evaluated mortality data, LC50 values, occurrence of malformations, as well as hatching time. In our study, 6 kinds of nanoparticles - calcium oxide, copper, copper in the form of oxide and CuZnFe4O4, magnesium oxide, and nickel - caused cumulative mortality. Two kinds of nanoparticles - copper and silver - were toxic for fish with LC50 values of approximately 3 mg/L. We did not observe marked differences between the 48-hour and 96-hour acute toxicity LC50 values, yet the possibility to evaluate hatching time in the 96-h acute fish toxicity test seems to be an advantage against that of the 48-hour toxicity.
Genotoxicity induced by iodine-131 in human cultured lymphocytes
Authors: Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Shafaghati Nayereh , Hedayati Monireh
Published: August 2013

131-radioiodine has been widely used as an effective radionuclide for treatment of patients with thyroid diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of iodine-131 in human cultured lymphocytes. Whole blood samples from human volunteers were incubated with iodine-131 (10, 50, 100 μCi/1.5ml) for 2 h. The lymphocytes were mitogenically stimulated to allow for evaluation of the number of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. At the dose 100 μCi, iodine-131 induced genotoxicity by an 8.5 fold increase in the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes compared with the control group.
Arsenic toxicosis in sheep: The first report from Iran
Authors: Ashrafihelan Javad , Salar Amoli Jamileh , Alamdari Mehran , Esfahani Tahereh Ali , Mozafari Morteza , Nourian Ali Reza , Asghar Bahari Ali
Published: August 2013

Arsenic contamination of groundwater has been previously reported in Ghopuz, a village located in the Northwest of Iran. Samples were taken from consuming and irrigation water and plants of the region for chemical analysis. A seven-year old ewe, which had lived in and fed a lifelong at the same place, with clinical signs such as weakness, wasting and inappropriate integument was necropsied. Grossly, buccal erosion, stomatitis, cutaneous ulcers and serous atrophy of fat deposits were observed. Rumen contents, wool and several tissue samples were obtained for toxicological and histopathological examinations. Mean arsenic concentration in the spring water, irrigation water and grass/algae were 70.11, 48.74 and 141.85 ppb (μg/kg), respectively. Arsenic levels were 486.73, 247.94, 127.92, 125.97 and 231.24 ppb in wool, skin, rumen contents, liver and kidney, respectively. Microscopic study revealed hyperemia and heavy parasitic infestation of the abomasal wall. Hyperemia and regeneration of renal tubule epithelia were observed in kidneys and hyperkeratosis, suppurative deep dermatitis and paniculitis were found in skin. Periacinar fibrosis and a poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma were seen in liver. In pancreas, reduced cell density of islands of Langerhans was noticeable. In the central nervous system, perineuronal and perivascular edema, ischemic changes in gray matter neurons, and microcavitation of white matter were present. Our findings confirmed chronic arsenic toxicosis in small ruminants in this region. It can be concluded that long-term consumption of arsenic contamined water and forage may be associated with chronic arsenic poisoning in domestic animals and human beings, with consequent neoplastic disease and induction of diabetes in this region.
On Certain Subclass of Meromorphic Close-to-Convex Functions
Authors: Goyal S.P. , Singh Onkar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: August 2013

In this paper we introduce and investigate a certain subclass of functions which are analytic in the punctured unit disk and meromorphically close-to-convex. The sub-ordination property, inclusion relationship, coefficient inequalities, distortion theorem and a sufficient condition for our subclass of functions are derived. The results presented here would provide extensions of those given in earlier works.
Comparison of an Automated and Manual Method for Calculating Storm Runoff Response in Ungauged Catchments in Serbia
Authors: Zlatanović Nikola , Gavrić Sonja
Published: August 2013

Estimation of discharge from ungauged catchments based on rainfall-runoff analysis is a very frequent task in engineering hydrology. Very often, design discharges are needed for streams or small rivers where no streamflow data is available (river training works, culverts, small hydropower plants, etc). This study uses a well established lumped hydrologic rainfall-runoff model to compare two different approaches in data preparation. The traditional method of manual obtainment of catchment parameters was compared to a more contemporary methodology using automation with geographic information systems, digital terrain models and available datasets, with an emphasis on open-source tools and freely available datasets. Both techniques were implemented on more than 100 catchments in Serbia to calculate storm runoff response. The results show minor differences that are insignificant compared to the time and resources saved with the automated techniques. The use of such automated methods enables the hydrologist to direct more attention to other factors that influence discharge even more than catchment parameters, such as rainfall, soil and land use data.
The Purposive Interpretation of Polish Tax Law
Authors: Dowgier Rafał
Published: August 2013

The results of the linguistic interpretation should be verified through systemic and purposive methods of interpretation. That process is especially desirable in the cases where the result of the linguistic interpretation is not unequivocal. Whereas, as practice demonstrates, the quality of tax law is not the best, it is impossible to overestimate the role of the non-linguistic method of interpretation. The object of this paper was to present the role which the linguistic interpretation may play in interpreting the tax law. However it was also important to: place the purposive interpretation among the methods of tax law interpretation and to present static and dynamic elements in tax law interpretation. Within the frames of this paper one can find out about historical interpretation of tax law, economic method of tax law interpretation and purposive interpretation directives. The above considerations allow for posit a thesis according to which purposive interpretation is an indispensable element of the process of interpreting a legal text. Its role in the scope of norms of tax law is, however, peculiar, since it serves only to verify the results of linguistic interpretation. However, it can be indicated that the growth in importance of purposive interpretation is direct proportional to the fall in the quality of tax law regulations.
Legal Interpretation of Polish Tax Law Based on the Institution of Remuneration of Excess Payment – Selected Issues
Authors: Popławski Mariusz
Published: August 2013

In order to achieve a desired effect of tax legal interpretation, its linguistic mechanisms are frequently insufficient. Elements of paralinguistic interpretation are more and more often indispensable. It applies inter alia when domestic tax law regulations must be verified in the light of the EU tax law. However, the study depict interpretative problems regarding the institution of remuneration of excess payments, which is regulated in Polish tax law. Considerations presented in this article confirm that legal interpretation of tax law is a complicated process. It is important to establish correct system connection between the analyzed legal regulations and other provisions, often contained in other legal acts. Moreover, it seems necessary to refer to the purpose-oriented interpretation of the law. Only then a chance for a satisfactory final result of the provision’s legal interpretation can be guaranteed. What is more, such an effect will create an element being a part of a logically composed and arranged unity.
A Hearing in the Tax Proceeding Appeal – Interpretation of the Rules by the Tax Authorities
Authors: Teszner Krzysztof
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this article is to analyze the powers of tax appeal authorities and their interpretation of the Tax Ordinance Act governing tax hearings.

The tax hearing is part of the tax appeal proceeding and takes place within an additional procedure to supplement the evidence and materials on the case. This means that article 229 of Tax Ordinance Act is the limit of the hearing conducted by the tax body. Tax trial/hearing should be treated as a form of activity in gathering evidence, which operates next to the cabinet proceedings. In the literature, the current forms were considered to be equivalent.

The decision to perform additional procedures to supplement the evidence and materials should always be on that tax appeal authority. The phrase “can perform” should be interpreted by the authority as an obligation to conduct, at least as an order to make a positive or negative assessment of the need for additional evidence.

In the Author’s opinion, there are no objections to carry out certain types of evidence. The appeal tax authority is recognizing the case de novo and is evaluating the facts in a way it is required to assess the completeness of the collected evidence, and the same to determine whether all of the facts have been proven.

The limits of the powers of the tax appeal authority to conduct current investigation determines the content of articles 229 and 233 § 2 of Tax Ordinance Act. The competence of the appeal body, which is not subject to challenge, is to complement the evidence to draw additional conclusions, but not to change the basic findings. It may hear witnesses, appoint experts and confront their opinions, carry out documentary evidence, as necessary to carry out a visual inspection, provided that these activities are within the limits of additional evidence and conduct supplementary materials in the case. All of this evidence can be carried out during the tax hearing ordered by the tax appeal authority.
A Comparison of Physical Self-Concept between Physical Education and Non- Physical Education University Students
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Hosseini Rastegar
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare physical self-concept between physical education and non-physical education university students. The target population of this study was all male and female physical education and non-physical education university students in Rasht city of Iran. After translating the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) and adjusting some of the questions, the questionnaire was evaluated by the specialists in the context of validity and the reliability achieved by test-retest (Cronbach Alpha value of 0.84). We then, according to the Odineski table selected 180 physical education and non-physical education males and 190 physical education and non-physical education females opportunistically. The collected data was analyzed by 2×2 MANOVA for determine differences between genders and major. The results showed mean vector scores of physical education in the following scales: physical activity; global physical; competence; sports; strength; endurance and flexibility were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of non-physical education major students. Also, the results shows that mean vector scores of male in the following scales: health; coordination; physical activity; body fat; global physical; competence; sports; global physical self-concept and global esteem were significantly (p<0.05) higher than female. Based on the result of our study the physical self-concept non-physical education and female is lower, than that physical education and male. The results may reflect that male and physical major education students, who usually spend more time on physical activity and sport training to have better fitness and skill oriented self concept than their counterparts.
Assessment of the Prevailing Motivation within the Sports Teams from the City of Iasi
Authors: Rusu Oana
Published: August 2013

Seen as a psycho-social products, motivation, attitudes and the view of life depends on the education, socio-cultural environment etc. The individual’s personality marks his activities, motivations and interests, as it ensures the direction and dynamics of the participation to it. Within the group, the individual seeks to satisfy personal needs, in agreement with the achievement of the organizational goals. The level of motivation of the individual is determined by the action of several factors, and the contribution of each member of the group's performance is different. We aim to assess the level of motivation of the members of sports groups. The research sample was composed of athletes (N=158, 55 females, 103 males) from the sports groups within the city of Iasi, part of the first and second sports divisions (basketball, football, handball, rugby, and volleyball). The respondents answered to a adapted to the Romanian population 32-item questionnaire; the items were grouped into four factors: leadership (power needs), expertise / performance (achievement needs), bonding (affiliation needs, subsistence (existence needs). The homogeneity instrument was assessed for the entire scale, as well as independently for each factor. The lack of variance homogeneity made it impossible to get outcomes for the interaction of the independent variables such as the type of club and the status. No gender-based differences were found regarding the power needs. If the type of club does not influence the expert/performance factor, have identified a partial influences of this variable over the bonding factor. Professional athletes are more motivated to achieve the performance than semi professional athletes.
Reference Values and Gender Differences of the Functional Parameters in Romanian Elite Junior Tennis Players
Authors: Nagel Adrian , Avram Claudiu
Published: August 2013

Purpose: To establish the reference values and gender differences regarding fitness, strength, and time reaction of the Romanian elite junior tennis players. Material and Methods: Thirty four junior tennis players (19 male, 15 female) with a mean age of 15 years were selected from the database of the Cardiopulmonary Effort Testing and Physical Performance Laboratory from Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, West University of Timisoara. To be included in the study, a tennis player had to belong to the Romanian Tennis Federation as a junior, be among the 50 best players in his/her category, and have no pathology at the evaluation moment. All subjects underwent functional evaluation by performing a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test, the counter movement jump test and complex opto-acoustic reaction test. Results: The functional performance are significantly different for males and females in all parameters studied, with male tennis players showing better performance than female tennis players. Conclusions: The mean values of functional parameters of the Romanian elite junior tennis players are lower than international competitive tennis athletes. There are significant gender differences in junior tennis players. We hope that the present study results provide useful reference values for coaches and physical trainers in order to improve functional performance of their junior tennis players
Aspects Regarding the Beneficial Effect of Reflexology in Low Back Pain
Authors: Gligor Şerban , Istrate Silviu
Published: August 2013

Reflexology is based on the digital pressure on certain reflex points situated on the sole of the foot, which represents a “map” of the entire body. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of reflexology in low back pain treatment. To accomplish the objectives of this paper, a lot of 12 patients, of both genders, with low back pain, was formed. Out of these patients, 66.67% were male and 33.33% were female, the majority coming from an urban area (75%). The average age ± the standard deviation of the patients was 43.58±13.02 years. The group of patients was subdivided into an experimental group, composed of 7 patients (58.33%), who, besides the classic drug treatment, also underwent reflexology, and a control group, composed of 5 patients (41.67%), who underwent only drug treatment. The treatment linked to reflexology was conducted by a single practitioner of reflexology, using the Morrell technique. Both in the case of the experimental group and in the control one there was a statistically significant reduction in finger to ground index (p < 0.01, respectively p< 0.05). Also, there was a highly statistically significant reduction of pain (p<0.01). Due to the small number of patients involved in the study, the data obtained cannot be generalised, as further studies are required to highlight the beneficial effect of reflexology in the case of low back pain.
Aspects Regarding the Role and the Importance of Physical Preparation in the Modern Football Game
Authors: Ionică Cărăbas
Published: August 2013

In order to achieve the great performance, the physical preparation represents one of the most important factors of the sports training. The development of speed, of force resistance and of skill at superior parameters should represent major objectives in the training of the football teams which aim to attain the top of the national and international hierarchies. The results of the assessments of the football games at high level, confirm this hypothesis that is why the physical preparation should be reconsidered and adapted to the requirements of the modern play. According to the opinion of the great specialists of the field, the physical qualities have a weight of 47% compared with the other qualities which a top football player should possess. For us the trainers, it is only about to find the most appropriate means in order to develop and exploit at maximum, those qualities
The Influence of Parasitic Infection on the Black Sea Whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Gadidae), Morphophysiological and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Skuratovskaya E. N. , Yurakhno V. M. , Zavyalov A. V.
Published: August 2013

Complex influence of infection by myxosporeans Myxidium gadi Georgevitsch, 1916; Ceratomyxa merlangi Zaika, 1966 and nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) on the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of the Black sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) were studied. Significant decrease of spleenosomatic index and increase of hepatosomatic index in fish with average and high intensity of infection were found. The dependence of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities on intensity of infection was observed. Increase of superoxidismutase, catalase, glutation-S-transferase activities in fish with average and high intensity of infection and decrease of peroxidase activity in specimens with average intensity of infection were shown.
A New Species of the Genus Hemirhopalum (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) from Bolivia
Authors: Háva J.
Published: August 2013

Hemirhopalum alleni Háva, sp. n. from Bolivia (South America) is described, illustrated and compared with two similar species: Hemirhopalum bicolor Sharp, 1902 and H. brasiliense Herrmann et Háva, 2013.
Women’s Access to Education in Nepal: Intergenerational Change
Authors: Mishra Mira
Published: August 2013

This paper describes intergenerational changes in women’s access to education in Nepal. It links up the changes with changing socio-economic processes and suggests that women’s access to education is increasing by generation. And by linking up Anthony Giddens’s Structuration Theory (1984) with the finding, the paper shows the interplay of both structure and agency in bringing changes in women’s access to education. This paper also shows the rural urban differences in access to education and links up between marriage and education. The paper begins with the brief introduction of Nepal and Nepali women, goes on to theoretical arguments on structure and agency debate, and then describes methodology and characteristics of 39 women interviewees and discusses changes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v6i0.8478 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 6, 2012 49-60
Post Dural Puncture Headache
Authors: Deo G
Published: August 2013

Spinal anaesthesia developed in the late 1800s. In 1891, Wynter and Quincke aspirated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space for the treatment of raised intracranial pressure associated with tuberculous meningitis. However it was German surgeon, August Bier, probably first gave spinal anaesthesia and also experienced headache. He first reported this headache being related to excessive loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recently there are lots of modification in needle size and its tip which lead to sharp decline in the incidence of post dural puncture headache (PDPH). Various conservative, pharmacological and interventional measures are available. Epidural blood patch has high cure rate. Epidural saline, dextran, opioids, tissue glue are also been used to reduce rate of CSF loss. This review considers all these aspect of PDPH. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 5-10 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8457
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli From Various Clinical Sources
Authors: Gautam R , Chapagain ML , Acharya A , Rayamajhi N , Shrestha S , Ansari S , Upadhaya G , Nepal Hari Prasad
Published: August 2013

Escherichia coli is the major organism causing the urinary tract infection, wound infection and respiratory tract infection. A total of 2376 samples of urine, wound swab and sputum were analyzed for identification of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from 357 [15%] samples. Majority of the E.coli, 307 [85.9%], were obtained from the urine samples, followed by wound swab [8.4%] and sputum [5.6%]. High degree of resistance was observed for nalidixic acid [92.8%] followed by ceftriaxone [65.7%] and cotrimoxazole [64.6%]. The isolates were highly sensitive to imipenem (100%) followed by nitrofurantoin [90.3%] and amikacin [82.1%]. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 14-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8459
A Study of Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoan Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among the School Children of Itahari, Eastern Region of Nepal
Authors: Sah Ram Bilakshan , Paudel IS , Baral R , Poudel P , Jha N , Pokharel PK
Published: August 2013

Intestinal parasites, notably the protozoa are among the most common infections of school age children where they cause morbidity in developing countries.The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infec­tion and to identify risk factors associated with protozoan infection among the school children of Itahari.The cross sectional study was conducted in Grade VI, VII and VIII in schools of Itahari Municipality. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and microscopic examination of stool was done.The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and intestinal protozoan infections.Overall intestinal protozoan infection was found to be 18.5 percent. Giardia lamblia was found high (10.5%) in comparison to Entamoeba histolytica (8%). Almost (18.4%) of male and (18.6%) of female were infected with protozoan parasites. The use of soap and water after defecation had lower prevalence of protozoan infections (16%) than only use of water (28.9%). The protozoan infection was significantly lower among having clean nail (6%) in comparison to having not clean (24.8%) respectively. We conclude that the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection was found to be high in school children of Itahari and those having unhygienic skin, nail and clothes, and the habit of nail biting and thumb sucking was found to have significant relationship in the causation of intestinal protozoan infection. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 32-36 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8463
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Emergency Contraception Among Nursing Personnel
Authors: Thapa Basanta
Published: August 2013

Emergency contraception plays vital role reducing maternal mortality substantially and improves maternal health by avoid­ing unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. The objective of this study was to find out the knowledge and attitude of nursing personnel regarding emergency contraception. On an average, 96.33% of nursing personnel had knowledge on general information of Emergency Contraception (EC), 88.78% had knowledge about intrauterine contraceptive device as EC, 66.1% had knowledge on general information of emergency contraceptive pills, 65.5% had knowledge on its dosage and administration and only 59.05% had knowledge on its side effects and their management. On an average, 72.83% of them had knowledge on EC as a whole. More than three- fourth (78.18%) of them had positive attitude towards EC. When comparing nurses’ knowledge between educational qualifications, training on EC, duration of experience and between in-service training on family planning counseling, there was statistically no significant difference on knowledge between these variables. When studying the correlation between nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding EC, it was found to be moder­ately correlated (r = 0.537). Based on the findings, it is concluded that on an average majority of nursing personnel tend to have knowledge on emergency contraception as a whole. Majority of them are likely to have positive attitude towards EC. Knowledge regarding emergency contraception is not related to different variables. Nurses’ knowledge and attitude regard­ing emergency contraception have positive correlation. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 46-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8466
Experience of Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Gurung Saraj
Published: August 2013

Pregnancy is seen as a time of joy and anticipation but sadly for some women it is a time when they suffer violence and abuse. Pregnancy can cause to stress in any type of relationship, and it’s a common cause of domestic violence. The emo­tional abuse and violence may begin or get worse during pregnancy. One third participants had experienced emotional and physical violence in present pregnancy. Participants experienced emotional violence such as: verbally abused, threatened to leave spousal house, threatened for remarriage, and restricted to enter the kitchen and their belongings were thrown out etc. Participants experienced punched, pushed on the floor/walls, slapped, kicked, beaten everywhere in the body, hit by fire wood and hair pulled. The causes were inter caste marriage, sub fertility, not working properly at home, dowry related and personal habits of alcoholism/ gambling of the husband etc. The consequences of domestic violence exhibited by the preg­nant women felt pain and agony, feeling helpless, wanted to terminate pregnancy, wanted to break the marital relationship, feeling to suicide, backache, and high blood pressure. Experience of emotional violence is more prevalent than physical violence. Main causes of domestic violence are inter caste marriage, sub fertility, demanding of money and valuable things (dowry), drinking and gambling habit of husband and not working properly at home. Husbands and mother in-laws are the main perpetrators. Participants responded to domestic violence differently, by keeping silence, crying, and keeping busy in household chores and sharing/reporting to women groups. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 51-55 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8467
Prospective Study on the Efficacy of Tamulosin in Medical Management of Distal Ureteric Stones
Authors: Basnet S , Shrestha PM , Shakya Rajani
Published: August 2013

A non-interventional prospective study was done in patients having single distal ureteral stone less than 10 mm to find the effectiveness of two weeks course of Tamsulosin 0.4 mg in the stone expulsion; the reduction of occurrence of ureteral, re­duction in rate of use of analgesic agents and the side effects of the drug. Thirty patients, having stone size ≤ 10.0 mm were revealed initially by patient’s symptoms and then confirmed by ultrasonography (USG) followed by Intravenous Urography (IVU) radiographic images. The expulsion rate of distal ureteral stones having size ≤ 10.0 mm was found to be 76.66 % (27 out of 30), with only 26.66 % of analgesic consumption, with decrease in colic episodes by 36.66 % and lesser evidence of side effects. The expulsion rate for stone size less than 7.0 mm is 36.72 % with mean of expulsion days as 5.90±1.92. The expulsion rate for stone size more than 7.0 mm is 63.33 % with mean of expulsion days as 9.33±27. The correlation between the size and expulsion days is statistically significant with p-value of 0.00057 (p = 0.01). The observed side effects were orthostatic hypotension (26.7 %), headache (13.3 %), dizziness (6.7 %), sore throat (6.7 %) followed by fatigue (3.3 %), abnormal ejaculation (3.3 %) and no any side effect was observed in 56.7 % patients. Considering the economic value and its effectiveness, the MET using Tamsulosin 0.4 mg can be the possible intervention for the medical treatment of distal ureteral stones having less than 10 mm stone size. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 56-61 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8468
Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Basnet S , Adhikary P , Aryal Bijay
Published: August 2013

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by an airway obstruction caused by emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or both, is a common and growing clinical problem that is responsible for a substantial worldwide health burden. We present a case of a 61 years old former heavy smoker with a known case of COPD having shortness of breath which gradually increased in severity and present even at rest (MRC Grade IV) and increased purulence and volume of phlegm. Digoxin, hydrocortisone, and ceftriaxone were administered to manage the exacerbation as emergency procedure along with nebulized oxygen. The patient was nebulized with the mixture of salbutamol, ipratropium, and normal saline. Later, paren­teral medication was shifted to oral therapy, i.e., antibiotic (azithromycin) and corticosteroid (prednisolone). The symptoms improved with the appropriate medication. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 67-68 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8471
Kangaroo Mother Care: A Simple Method to Care for Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Developing Countries
Authors: Akhtar Khursheda , Haque Musarrat , Khatoon Soofia
Published: August 2013

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an effective way to meet baby's needs for warmth, breastfeeding, protection from infection, stimulation, safety and love. Mother acts as an incubator as kangaroo and put low birth infant vertically in between the chest for warming. The term kangaroo care is derived from practical similarities to marsupial care-giving. The premature infant is kept warm in the maternal pouch and is close to the breasts for unlimited feeding. It provides an alternative to incubator care, without separation from the mother. The importance of KMC in low- and middle-income countries has been highlighted as a contributing factor to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal 4 that targets a reduction by two-thirds of under-five mortality rates from 1990 to 2015. This programme is mediated by humoral, autonomic and somatic behaviours, expressed ultimately as innate competency in breastfeeding behaviours. It is simple, acceptable to mothers and can be continued at home.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16256 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):49-54
Gold-catalyzed cyclization of allenyl acetal derivatives
Authors: Vasu Dhananjayan , Pawar Samir Kundlik , Liu Rai-Shung
Published: August 2013

The gold-catalyzed transformation of allenyl acetals into 5-alkylidenecyclopent-2-en-1-ones is described. The outcome of our deuterium labeling experiments supports a 1,4-hydride shift of the resulting allyl cationic intermediates because a complete deuterium transfer is observed. We tested the reaction on various acetal substrates bearing a propargyl acetate, giving 4-methoxy-5-alkylidenecyclopent-2-en-1-ones 4 via a degradation of the acetate group at the allyl cation intermediate.
Les apports du traitement du signal en théorie des organisations
Authors: Goujon Belghit Anne , Belghit Ismaël
Published: August 2013

La production de la connaissance est un processus complexe qui interpelle les chercheurs non seulement dans leur approche philosophique mais également méthodologique. L’interdisciplinarité est source de richesse et de partage entre différentes sciences. Nous présentons un rapprochement potentiel entre la gestion et le traitement du signal. Notre problématique est la suivante : quels pourraient être les apports du traitement du signal pour la théorie des organisations ? Nous proposons à travers l’étude de la méthode de la transformée en paquets d’ondelettes une technique d’analyse basée sur un procédé en arborescence. On décompose les informations par l’intermédiaire de filtres passe bas et filtres passe haut. Cette technique permet de retenir un critère d’analyse à posteriori, affinant ainsi les méthodes d’investigation.
Les doléances citoyennes vers un écosystème, au service de l'innovation des politiques publiques de la Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur ?
Authors: Spieth Grégory
Published: August 2013

Cette recherche tente d’étudier le rôle des doléances citoyennes, base d’un écosystème numérique dans l’innovation des politiques publiques locales. Calquée sur le modèle de l’outsourcing (externalisation), cette coopération avec le réseau de contributeurs, la « foule » dans la sémantique du «  crowdsourcing  » consiste à utiliser et capitaliser la créativité, l’intelligence et le savoir-faire des citoyens dans le cycle d’innovation des politiques publiques intercommunales. Une étude exploratoire interprétative dans la Métropole Nice Côte d’Azur, sur la base d’entretien semi-directif avec les acteurs administratifs, permet de comprendre le rôle majeur des technologies collaboratives de l’information et de la communication dans la construction des politiques publiques locales.
Farmers’ perception of performance performed by extension field workers/facilitators during integrated pest management farmer field school training programme in Sindh province of Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqui A A , Siddiqui M
Published: August 2013

In connection to environment friendly farming, potential stakeholders took efforts and launched FAO-EU-ADB funded National Integrated Pest Management (Nat-IPM) Programme for Cotton in Pakistan during the years 2001 to 2004 and introduced new extension training methodology called Farmer Field School (FFS). The basic principle of  FFS training was to enable farmers to be self sufficient, using IPM practices that are agro-ecosystem friendly. This study examined the performance performed by agriculture extension field workers/facilitators (EFW/F)in the implementation of IPM-FFS trainings with special reference to cotton crop in selected districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. A survey study was carried out in four districts of Sindh province (Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Matiari and Mirpurkhas). The total sample size comprised of 144 farmers who were involved in the series of IPM-FFS training sessions. Farmers’ perceived that EFW/F played an effective role and performed positively in IPM-FFS activities during training programme. Further, results of present study a confirmation of the adoption and a validation of  IPM-FFS as a successful extension approach in Sindh province of Pakistan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v11i1.5867Sabaragamuwa University Journal 2012; V. 11 No. 1 pp 1-12
Reliable detection of viable Salmonella enterica from inoculated chicken samples by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with vivification step
Authors: Rathnayaka R M.U.S.K. , Rakshit Sudip Kumar
Published: August 2013

Inspection of food for the presence of Salmonella is a major concern in food industry. Many rapid, reliable and sensitive novel methods have been developed to detect Salmonella from food samples. However a method to detect live bacterial cells separately from dead cells yet to be developed. Although fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has been identified as promising method in this regards, the viable count could be overestimated by FISH technique due to dead cells with some amount of non degraded rRNA. Some times it could be underestimated because of inactive but viable cells which not produce detectable amount of rRNA. The possibility of using antibiotic treatment step in FISH technique to overcome this problem was studied. Chicken samples inoculated by differently prepared mixtures of live and heat killed Salmonella enterica cultures were used to isolate bacterial cells with and without antibiotic treatment (Nalidixic acid 10μg/ml and Ciprofloxacin 1μg/ml for 2h at 370C). FISH was performed with Salmonella specific 23S rRNA probe Sal3, 5’-AATCACTTCACCTACGTG-3’ labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) at 5’ end. Cells observed with high intensity under fluorescent microscope were identified as live cells. Results of statistical analysis for antibiotic treated and untreated samples indicated that the introduction of antibiotic treatment step in FISH technique permitted a successful application to over come the problem associated with viable Salmonella enterica detection and quantification.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v11i1.5868 Sabaragamuwa University Journal 2012; V. 11 No. 1 pp 13-19