bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute and sub-chronic effects of copper on survival, respiratory metabolism, and metal accumulation in Cambaroides dauricus
Authors: Bao Jie , Xing Yuenan , Feng Chengcheng , Kou Shiyu , Jiang Hongbo , Li Xiaodong
Published: October 2020

Trace metal contamination in the aquatic ecosystem occurs worldwide: although copper is an essential trace metal, it is considered as a pollutant at certain levels in China. Freshwater crayfish Cambaroides dauricus is a commercially important wild species in northeastern China, in which is an important heavy industry area. The population of C. dauricus was decreasing sharply due to the environmental pollution and human intervention over the past 20 years. However, nothing is known regarding the responses of this species to trace metal toxicants. This study aimed to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of Cu and its toxicological effects on respiratory metabolism, as well as Cu accumulation in C. dauricus. The acute (96 h) median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 32.5 mg/L was detected in C. dauricus. Then, acute (96 h; 8.24, 16.48 mg/L) and sub-chronic (14 days; 2.06, 4.12 mg/L) exposure in Cu was investigated by estimating the oxygen consumption rate, ammonium excretion rate, and Cu accumulation. Both acute and sub-chronic Cu exposure induced an inhibition of the oxygen consumption rate and ammonium excretion rate, and thereby, an increased O:N ratio. The shift in O:N ratio indicated a metabolic substrate shift towards lipid and carbohydrate metabolism under Cu stress. Cu accumulation in the hepatopancreas and muscles throughout the study was found to be time-dependent and concentration-dependent. The maximum accumulation in the hepatopancreas and muscle were almost 31.6 folds of the control after 14 days’ exposure to 4.12 mg/L concentration. Based on the present work, we suggest that crayfish be considered a potential bioindicator of environmental pollution in freshwater systems. The study provides basic information for further understanding of the toxicological responses of this species to trace metals.
Roles of ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid and their interactions in frankincense resin production in Boswellia sacra Flueck. trees
Authors: Yamamoto Fukuju , Iwanaga Fumiko , Al-Busaidi Ahmed , Yamanaka Norikazu
Published: October 2020

The roles of ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid and their interactions in frankincense resin production in Boswellia sacra trees growing in the drylands of Oman were studied. On March 18 (Experiment 1) and September 17 (Experiment 2), 2018, 32-year-old B. sacra trees with multiple trunks were selected at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. Various lanolin pastes containing Ethrel, an ethylene-releasing compound; methyl jasmonate; sodium salicylate; and combinations of these compounds were applied to debarked wounds 15 mm in diameter on the trunks. After a certain period, the frankincense resin secreted from each wound was harvested and weighed. The anatomical characteristics of the resin ducts were also studied in the bark tissue near the upper end of each wound. The combination of Ethrel and methyl jasmonate greatly enhanced frankincense resin production within 7 days in both seasons. The application of methyl jasmonate alone, sodium salicylate alone or a combination of both did not affect resin production. These findings suggest a high possibility of artificial enhancement of frankincense resin production by the combined application of Ethrel and methyl jasmonate to B. sacra trees.
Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy detection of lipid droplets in cancer cells expressing TrkB
Authors: Guerenne-Del Ben Tiffany , Couderc Vincent , Duponchel Ludovic , Sol Vincent , Leproux Philippe , Petit Jean-Michel
Published: October 2020

For many years, scientists have been looking for specific biomarkers associated with cancer cells for diagnosis purposes. These biomarkers mainly consist of proteins located at the cell surface (e.g. the TrkB receptor) whose activation is associated with specific metabolic modifications. Identification of these metabolic changes usually requires cell fixation and specific dye staining. MCARS microspectroscopy is a label-free, non-toxic, and minimally invasive method allowing to perform analyses of live cells and tissues. We used this method to follow the formation of lipid droplets in three colorectal cancer cell lines expressing TrkB. MCARS images of cells generated from signal integration of CH2 stretching modes allow to discriminate between lipid accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. We found that the number of the latter was related to the TrkB expression level. This result was confirmed thanks to the creation of a HEK cell line which over-expresses TrkB. We demonstrated that BDNF-induced TrkB activation leads to the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, which can be abolished by K252a, an inhibitor of TrkB. So, MCARS microspectroscopy proved useful in characterizing cancer cells displaying an aberrant lipid metabolism.
Author Correction: Climate change impact on flood and extreme precipitation increases with water availability
Authors: Tabari Hossein
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Autophagy inhibition sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to the multikinase inhibitor linifanib
Authors: Pan Hongming , Wang Zhanggui , Jiang Liming , Sui Xinbing , You Liangkun , Shou Jiawei , Jing Zhao , Xie Jiansheng , Ge Weiting , Cai Xiujun , Huang Wendong , Han Weidong
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Radical Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Oka Kouki , Nishide Hiroyuki
Published: October 2020

Radical polymers are one of the redox polymers and bear robust radical molecules per repeating unit. Some of the radical polymers are characterized by the rapid and reversible one-electron redox ability of the radical sites. A typical example is poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate), which has a very positive redox potential. The combination of the high density of radical redox sites and the amorphous plasticized state coexisting with a small quantity of electrolytes allows for a rapid self-exchange reaction among the sites driven by a steep concentration gradient, which leads to efficient charge transport and storage throughout the polymers. The chemical bistability of the reduced and oxidized species of radical polymers permits an ultimate energy density and durable cyclability during charging and discharging. Lithium-ion and all-organic batteries have thus been fabricated using radical polymers as electrode-active materials. The output voltage of the batteries is constant, corresponding to their redox potential difference, and can be tuned by the molecular design. The batteries provide burst power, which also allows instant full charging in a few seconds. The syntheses of radical polymers and various types of radical polymer batteries are described herein, with their future perspectives.
Carbonyl-containing Polymers for Organic Batteries
Authors: Song Zhiping
Published: October 2020

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) are now recognized as promising alternatives to inorganic counterparts for the next generation of high-performance and sustainable battery technologies beyond conventional Li-ion batteries. Among the various types of OEMs, carbonyl-containing polymers (CCPs) show the greatest potential to achieve high electrochemical performance at low cost, including high reversible capacity (up to 500 mAh g−1), good cycling stability and excellent rate capability. The cation-independent n-type reaction with moderate redox potential (2.0–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li) gives them the ability to play the role of either cathode or anode, in all kinds of organic batteries (including Li/Na/K/Mg/Zn–organic batteries) using either aprotic or aqueous electrolytes. This chapter provides an overview of CCPs, from the general principles of OEMs, electroactive carbonyl units, and polymerization methods, to electrochemical performance and perspective applications. It is emphasized that precise and cost-effective synthesis, sufficient optimization of electrode and electrolyte, and accurate evaluation of the electrochemical performance are all essential issues for the development of CCPs toward practical use in the future.
Deubiquitinase Inhibitors: An Emerging Therapeutic Class
Authors: Magin Robert S. , Doherty Laura M. , Buhrlage Sara J.
Published: October 2020

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) control the removal of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins from cellular proteins. There are approximately 100 DUBs in the human genome, and they regulate diverse biochemical, cellular and physiological processes. Notably, they are known to control many pathways which are misregulated and affected in human diseases, such as cancer, immunology and neurodegeneration. Due to the broad scope of DUB biology, they are emerging as a target class for inhibitor development. In this chapter, we will describe the promise of targeting DUB in different disease contexts, describe practices for identifying and validating small-molecule inhibitors and physiologically relevant substrates of DUBs and review recent examples of well-characterized DUB inhibitors. These advances underscore the excitement and potential in targeting DUBs for both therapeutic and research purposes.
Charge transport and energy storage at the molecular scale: from nanoelectronics to electrochemical sensing
Authors: Bueno Paulo R. , Davis Jason J.
Published: October 2020

This tutorial review considers how the fundamental quantized properties associated with charge transport and storage, particularly in molecular films, are linked in a manner that spans nanoscale electronics, electrochemistry, redox switching, and derived nanoscale sensing.
Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids using benchtop NMR instruments
Authors: Araneda Juan F. , Chu Terry , Leclerc Matthew C. , Riegel Susanne D. , Spingarn Neil
Published: October 2020

Quantification of Cannabinoids Using Benchtop NMR.
Increased cross-linking micelle retention in the brain of Alzheimer's disease mice by elevated asparagine endopeptidase protease responsive aggregation
Authors: Ren Jian , Jiang Fuxin , Wang Ming , Hu Haodong , Zhang Bo , Chen Li , Dai Fengying
Published: October 2020

The asparagine endopeptidase responsive cross-linking micelle (RCM) increased the brain retention of Alzheimer's disease mice.
Cycloparaphenylene Möbius trefoils
Authors: Bachrach Steven M. , Rzepa Henry S.
Published: October 2020

DFT computations (ωB97X-D/6-31G(d)) of eight different cycloparaphenylenes that have three internal linking groups are shown to have two different conformations that express interesting Möbius topologies.
Emerging interfacial chemistry of graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yao Yu-Xing , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2020

Emerging interfacial chemistry of the graphite anode in today's lithium-ion batteries paves the way to next-generation, high-performance energy storage devices.
Aggregation-induced emission based one-step “lighting up” sensor array for rapid protein identification
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Gao Yuhuan , Wang Jun , Zhan Yating , Lu Xin , Xu Shenghao , Luo Xiliang
Published: October 2020

Based on the distinct fingerprint-like fluorescence responses generated by different electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, a “lighting up” aggregation-induced emission (AIE) sensor array was developed for rapid protein discrimination.
Highly value-added utilization of H2S in Na2SO3 solution over Ca–CdS nanocrystal photocatalysts
Authors: Yu Shan , Wu Fan , Zou Pengkun , Fan Xiang-Bing , Duan Chao , Dan Meng , Xie Zhanghui , Zhang Qian , Zhang Fengying , Zheng Heng , Zhou Ying
Published: October 2020

Highly efficient utilization of waste H2S by obtaining H2 and Na2S2O3 species was implemented through photocatalytic technology in the Na2SO3 solution over novel Ca–CdS nanocrystals.
Aluminium complexes of salanol ligands: coordination chemistry and stereoselective lactide polymerization
Authors: Hador Rami , Lipstman Sophia , Rescigno Raffaella , Venditto Vincenzo , Kol Moshe
Published: October 2020

Aluminium complexes of the new salanol ligands give rise to all PLA tacticities by different stereocontrol mechanisms.
A hydrophilic magnetic MOF for the consecutive enrichment of exosomes and exosomal phosphopeptides
Authors: Zhang Ning , Sun Nianrong , Deng Chunhui
Published: October 2020

Fe3O4@PDA@UIO-66-NH2 is a biocompatible material that can be applied to enrich exosomes and phosphopeptides from urinary exosomes consecutively.
Self-assembly of polyoxovanadate-capped polyoxoniobates and their catalytic decontamination of sulfur mustard simulants
Authors: Zhen Ni , Dong Jing , Lin Zhengguo , Li Xiaoxia , Chi Yingnan , Hu Changwen
Published: October 2020

Two novel polyoxovanadate-capped polyoxoniobates with non-classical structural motifs have been successfully assembled, which are active heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidative detoxification of sulfur mustard simulants.
Room-temperature ultrafast synthesis, morphology and upconversion luminescence of K0.3Bi0.7F2.4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles for temperature-sensing application
Authors: Gao Xiaoli , Song Feng , Ju Dandan , Zhou Aihua , Khan Adnan , Chen Ziyu , Sang Xu , Feng Ming , Liu Lisa
Published: October 2020

This manuscript describes an ultrafast route at room temperature for the synthesis of the K0.3Bi0.7F2.4 nanoparticles with photoluminescence and luminescent temperature sensing.
Structural perspective on revealing heat dissipation behavior of CoFe2O4–Pd nanohybrids: great promise for magnetic fluid hyperthermia
Authors: Shams S. Fatemeh , Ghazanfari Mohammad Reza , Pettinger Susanne , Tavabi Amir H. , Siemensmeyer Konrad , Smekhova Alevtina , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Westmeyer Gil G. , Schmitz-Antoniak Carolin
Published: October 2020

Loss mechanisms in fluid heating of cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles and CFO–Pd heterodimer colloidal suspensions are investigated as a function of particle size, fluid concentration and magnetic field amplitude.
True absolute determination of photoluminescence quantum yields by coupling multiwavelength thermal lens and photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Pereira Tatiane O. , Warzecha Monika , Andrade Luis H. C. , Silva Junior R. , Baesso Mauro L. , McHugh Callum J. , Calvo-Castro Jesus , Lima Sandro M.
Published: October 2020

A novel true absolute method to determine photoluminescence quantum yields by coupling thermal lens and photoluminescence spectroscopy is demonstrated.
New approach to increase the sensitivity of Tb–Eu-based luminescent thermometer
Authors: Vialtsev Mikhail B. , Dalinger Alexander I. , Latipov Egor V. , Lepnev Leonid S. , Kushnir Sergey E. , Vatsadze Sergey Z. , Utochnikova Valentina V.
Published: October 2020

New approach to increase the sensitivity of the luminescent thermometry materials based on Tb-Eu complexes was proposed, namely the introduction of Gd resulting in the formation of trimetallic complexes.
Effective synthesis of zeolite-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles with excellent catalytic performance for hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Xiao Qingbo , Gu Jing
Published: October 2020

X-zeolite encapsulated uniformly Ni nanoparticles (Ni@NaX) were prepared by applying a simple and effective “synchronous exchange deposition” method and showed excellent ability to catalyze the hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4.
Biodegradation mechanism of polycaprolactone by a novel esterase MGS0156: a QM/MM approach
Authors: Feng Shanshan , Yue Yue , Chen Jinfeng , Zhou Jie , Li Yanwei , Zhang Qingzhu
Published: October 2020

The detailed depolymerization of polycaprolactone involves two elementary steps; C–O bond cleavage, rather than triad-assisted nucleophilic attack was determined to be the rate-determining step.
Concurrent thiol–ene competitive reactions provide reprocessable, degradable and creep-resistant dynamic–permanent hybrid covalent networks
Authors: Li Qiong , Ma Songqi , Lu Na , Qiu Jianfan , Ye Jiale , Liu Yanlin , Wang Sheng , Han Yingying , Wang Binbo , Xu Xiwei , Feng Hongzhi , Zhu Jin
Published: October 2020

A reprocessable, degradable and creep-resistant hybrid network was synthesized through a catalyst-free, solvent-free thiol–ene reaction from two simple components in one pot.
Uranium–lead isotopic analysis from transient signals using high-time resolution-multiple collector-ICP-MS (HTR-MC-ICP-MS)
Authors: Hirata Takafumi , Niki Sota , Yamashita Shuji , Asanuma Hisashi , Iwano Hideki
Published: October 2020

206Pb/238U isotopic ratios were measured from transient signals produced by laser ablation for a short time period (4 shots with 60 kHz repetition rates).
Macrocycles-assisted polymeric self-assemblies fabricated by host–guest complexation and their applications
Authors: Velmurugan Krishnasamy , Mohan Makesh , Li Bin , Wang Kaiya , Zuo Minzan , Hu Xiao-Yu
Published: October 2020

Macrocycles-assisted polymeric self-assemblies and their potential applications are systematically summarized for the production of smart materials.
A series of benzothiazole-based Schiff bases for the colorimetric sensing of fluoride and acetate ions: acetate-induced turn-on fluorescence for selectivity
Authors: Borah Nilotpal , De Sagnik , Gogoi Abhijit , Das Gopal
Published: October 2020

Benzothiazole-based Schiff bases show colorimetric sensing of fluoride and acetate ions. It also exhibits selective acetate-induced turn-on fluorescence.
Sulphonic acid functionalized porphyrin anchored with a meso-substituted triazolium ionic liquid moiety: a heterogeneous photo-catalyst for metal/base free C–C cross-coupling and C–N/C–H activation using aryl chloride under visible light irradiation
Authors: Bhansali Karan , Raut Subodh , Barange Shital , Bhagat Pundlik
Published: October 2020

We report an easy process to synthesize sulphonic acid functionalized porphyrin with meso-substituted triazolium ionic liquid moiety for metal/base free C–C cross-coupling and C–N/C–H activation using aryl chloride under visible light irradiation.
Ce6-Conjugated and polydopamine-coated gold nanostars with enhanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapy to inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Li Ziwei , Yang Fan , Wu Di , Liu Yanhong , Gao Yang , Lian Haichen , Zhang Hongxin , Yin Zhibin , Wu Aiguo , Zeng Leyong
Published: October 2020

Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-conjugated and polydopamine (PDA)-coated gold nanostar (AuNS) nanocomposites (AuNSs@PDA-Ce6) with enhanced photoacoustic (PA) imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer.
Time-resolved MIET measurements of blood platelet spreading and adhesion
Authors: Zelená Anna , Isbaner Sebastian , Ruhlandt Daja , Chizhik Anna , Cassini Chiara , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Enderlein Jörg , Chizhik Alexey , Köster Sarah
Published: October 2020

Metal-induced electron transfer imaging is employed to study the adhesion of human blood platelets in a time-resolved manner.
Body temperature polymerization and in situ drug encapsulation in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Rao Zi-Kun , Wang Tian-Qiang , Li Yang , Zhu Hong-Yu , Liu Yu , Hao Jian-Yuan
Published: October 2020

Body-temperature and solvent-free polymerization and in situ fabrication of drug-loaded microparticles are reported for the first time.
Natural deep eutectic solvent supported targeted solid–liquid polymer carrier for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Sun Xianfu , Pradeepkumar Periyakaruppan , Rajendran Naresh Kumar , Shakila Harshavardhan , Houreld Nicolette Nadene , Al Farraj Dunia A. , Elnahas Yousif M. , Elumalai Nandhakumar , Rajan Mariappan
Published: October 2020

Solid–liquid nanocarriers (SLNs) are at the front of the rapidly emerging field of medicinal applications with a potential role in the delivery of bioactive agents.
Modular synthesis and transition metal-free alkynylation/alkenylation of Castagnoli–Cushman-derivedN,O- andN,S-heterocyclic vinyl chlorides
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Farah Abdikani Omar , Shearer Victoria
Published: October 2020

A functional group-tolerant and transition metal-free coupling of novelN,O- andN,S-heterocyclic vinyl chlorides, which affords fully carbosubstituted dihydro-1,4-oxazines/thiazines as well as bicyclic morpholines, is described.
Network pharmacology-based study of the mechanisms of action of anti-diabetic triterpenoids from Cyclocarya paliurus
Authors: Lin Zixin , Tong Yingpeng , Li Na , Zhu Ziping , Li Junmin
Published: October 2020

Active ingredient screening and target prediction techniques were used to determine the components of Cyclocarya paliurus responsible for its anti-diabetic effects as well as their targets.
Electrocatalytic performance of Pt–Ni nanoparticles supported on an activated graphite electrode for ethanol and 2-propanol oxidation
Authors: Chelaghmia M. L. , Nacef M. , Fisli H. , Affoune A. M. , Pontié M. , Makhlouf A. , Derabla T. , Khelifi O. , Aissat F.
Published: October 2020

Platinum (Pt) and platinum–nickel (Pt–Ni) electrocatalysts were prepared on activated graphite electrodes by an electrochemical deposition process.
Phenylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium) (BBIm2+): a dicationic organic photoredox catalyst
Authors: Kodama Takuya , Kubo Maiko , Shinji Wataru , Ohkubo Kei , Tobisu Mamoru
Published: October 2020

A new organic dication, phenylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium), catalyses the photochemical decarboxylative hydroxylation and dimerisation of carboxylic acids.
Copper-catalyzed functionalization of enynes
Authors: Dherbassy Quentin , Manna Srimanta , Talbot Fabien J. T. , Prasitwatcharakorn Watcharapon , Perry Gregory J. P. , Procter David J.
Published: October 2020

The copper-catalyzed functionalization of enynes is a powerful approach to yield densely functionalized products. This review covers various transformations, such as boro- and hydrofunctionalizations, copper-mediated radical difunctionalizations, and cyclizations.
Aggregation-induced photocatalytic activity and efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of amphiphilic rhodamines in water
Authors: Shigemitsu Hajime , Tani Youhei , Tamemoto Tomoe , Mori Tadashi , Li Xinxi , Osakada Yasuko , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Kida Toshiyuki
Published: October 2020

Simple amphiphilic rhodamines formed supramolecular assemblies and exhibited aggregation-induced photocatalytic activity and hydrogen evolution in water.
The simplest Diels–Alder reactions are not endo-selective
Authors: Lording William J. , Fallon Thomas , Sherburn Michael S. , Paddon-Row Michael N.
Published: October 2020

Cycloadditions of deuterium-labeled 1,3-butadiene with monosubstituted alkenic dienophiles challenge the widespread assumption of endo-selectivity in prototypical Diels–Alder reactions.
Recent progress in noble metal nanocluster and single atom electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Cai Jian , Javed Rida , Ye Daixin , Zhao Hongbin , Zhang Jiujun
Published: October 2020

This article reviews the latest research results of advanced noble metal nanocluster and single-atom electrocatalysts for the HER.
ABX3-type lead-free perovskites using superatom ions with tunable photovoltaic performances
Authors: Peng Hongyu , Tang Ruiqi , Deng Caixia , Li Ming , Zhou Tingwei
Published: October 2020

Expanding the family of ABX3-type perovskites is very important for developing excellent photoelectric materials.
Correction: Structural characterization of a polycrystalline epitaxially-fused colloidal quantum dot superlattice by electron tomography
Authors: Chu Xiaolei , Heidari Hamed , Abelson Alex , Unruh Davis , Hansen Chase , Qian Caroline , Zimanyi Gergely , Law Matt , Moulé Adam J.
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Structural characterization of a polycrystalline epitaxially-fused colloidal quantum dot superlattice by electron tomography’ by Xiaolei Chu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0ta06704k.
Multifunctional Zn(ii)–Yb(iii) complex enantiomers showing second-harmonic generation, near-infrared luminescence, single-molecule magnet behaviour and proton conduction
Authors: Zhu Shui-Dong , Hu Jun-Jie , Dong Lu , Wen He-Rui , Liu Sui-Jun , Lu Ying-Bing , Liu Cai-Ming
Published: October 2020

A new pair of Zn(ii)–Yb(iii) enantiomers with trinuclear structures were synthesized by using a chiral amine-phenol ligand, and they show unprecedented five-functionality by association of SMM, luminescent and proton conductive properties.
A metabolic reaction–diffusion model for PKCα translocation via PIP2 hydrolysis in an endothelial cell
Authors: Sera Toshihiro , Higa Shiro , Zeshu Yan , Takahi Kyosuke , Miyamoto Satoshi , Fujiwara Tetsuya , Yokota Hideo , Sasaki Saori , Kudo Susumu
Published: October 2020

Hydrolysis of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at the cell membrane induces the release of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) into the cytoplasm and diffusion of diacylglycerol (DAG) through the membrane, respectively. Release of IP3 subsequently increases Ca2+ levels in the cytoplasm, which results in activation of protein kinase C α (PKCα) by Ca2+ and DAG, and finally the translocation of PKCα from the cytoplasm to the membrane. In this study, we developed a metabolic reaction–diffusion framework to simulate PKCα translocation via PIP2 hydrolysis in an endothelial cell. A three-dimensional cell model, divided into membrane and cytoplasm domains, was reconstructed from confocal microscopy images. The associated metabolic reactions were divided into their corresponding domain; PIP2 hydrolysis at the membrane domain resulted in DAG diffusion at the membrane domain and IP3 release into the cytoplasm domain. In the cytoplasm domain, Ca2+ was released from the endoplasmic reticulum, and IP3, Ca2+, and PKCα diffused through the cytoplasm. PKCα bound Ca2+ at, and diffused through, the cytoplasm, and was finally activated by binding with DAG at the membrane. Using our model, we analyzed IP3 and DAG dynamics, Ca2+ waves, and PKCα translocation in response to a microscopic stimulus. We found a qualitative agreement between our simulation results and our experimental results obtained by live-cell imaging. Interestingly, our results suggest that PKCα translocation is dominated by DAG dynamics. This three-dimensional reaction–diffusion mathematical framework could be used to investigate the link between PKCα activation in a cell and cell function.
Leukocyte telomere length is associated with iron overload in male adults with hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Martín Maximilino , Millan Andrea , Ferraro Florencia , Tetzlaff Walter F. , Chiappe Ezequiel Lozano , Botta Eliana , Castro Marcelo , Boero Laura , Rey Jorge , Daruich Jorge , Frechtel Gustavo , Meroño Tomas , Cerrone Gloria , Brites Fernando
Published: October 2020

Background: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a primary iron overload (IO) condition. Absolute telomere length (ATL) is a marker of cellular aging and DNA damage associated with chronic diseases and mortality.

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between ATL and IO in patients with HH.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 25 patients with HH: 8 with IO and 17 without IO (ferritin < 300 ng/ml) and 25 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria were: age > 18 years, male sex and HH diagnosis. Patients with diabetes or other endocrine and autoimmune diseases were excluded. ATL was measured by real-time PCR.

Results: HH patients with IO were older (P<0.001) and showed higher ferritin concentration (P<0.001). Patients with HH, disregarding the iron status, showed higher glucose and body mass index (BMI) than controls (both P<0.01). ATL was shorter in patients with IO than controls [with IO: 8 (6–14), without IO: 13 (9–20), and controls: 19 (15–25) kilobase pairs, P<0.01]; with a linear trend within groups (P for trend <0.01). Differences in ATL remained statistically significant after adjusting by age, BMI and glucose (P<0.05).

Discussion: Patients with IO featured shorter ATL while patients without IO showed only mild alterations vs. controls. Screening for IO is encouraged to prevent iron-associated cellular damage and early telomere attrition.
Effect of dust on the solar spectrum and electricity generation of a photovoltaic module
Authors: Konyu Maruphong , Ketjoy Nipon , Sirisamphanwong Chatchai
Published: October 2020

The accumulation of dust on any given photovoltaic (PV) module surface depends on the type of dust, environment, surroundings, weather, module properties, and its installation design. In this research, equations were developed for the preliminary evaluation and comparison of the reduction in power from PV modules because of dust soiling. Use of these equations shows that dust accumulation decreases solar irradiance and thus the power output of modules, and that there is a linear relationship between the power output degradation and density or amount of accumulated dust. The equations can be used to conduct analysis of average photon energy and the PV module power output reduction from accumulated dust. The study also showed that type of PV module can also affect the degree of power output reduction. The amorphous silicon PV modules are more affected compared to poly crystalline silicon PV modules as the latter has a spectrum response which still has the range that can produce full energy and therefore, dust soiling has lesser impact on them. PV power plants should regularly clean the modules, if not, production of electricity decreases, and so too the revenue from selling electricity, making the payback of the power plant longer.
AQUA: a collection of H2O equations of state for planetary models
Authors: Haldemann Jonas , Alibert Yann , Mordasini Christoph , Benz Willy
Published: October 2020

Context. Water is one of the key chemical elements in planetary structure modelling. Due to its complex phase diagram, equations of state often only cover parts of the pressure-temperature space needed in planetary modelling.

Aims. We aim to construct an equation of state of H2O spanning a very wide range, from 0.1 Pa to 400 TPa and 150 to 105 K, which can be used to model the interior of planets.

Methods. We combined equations of state valid in localised regions to form a continuous equation of state spanning over the above-mentioned pressure and temperature range.

Results. We provide tabulated values for the most important thermodynamic quantities: the density, adiabatic temperature gradient, entropy, internal energy, and bulk speed of sound of water over this pressure and temperature range. For better usability we also calculated density-temperature and density-internal energy grids. We discuss further the impact of this equation of state on the mass radius relation of planets compared to other popular equations of state like ANEOS and QEOS.

Conclusions. AQUA is a combination of existing equations of state useful for planetary models. We show that, in most regions, AQUA is a thermodynamic consistent description of water. At pressures above 10 GPa, AQUA predicts systematic larger densities than ANEOS or QEOS. This is a feature that was already present in a previously proposed equation of state, which is the main underlying equation of this work. We show that the choice of the equation of state can have a large impact on the mass-radius relation, which highlights the importance of future developments in the field of equations of state and regarding experimental data of water at high pressures.
The bright end of the infrared luminosity functions and the abundance of hyperluminous infrared galaxies
Authors: Wang L. , Gao F. , Best P. N. , Duncan K. , Hardcastle M. J. , Kondapally R. , Małek K. , McCheyne I. , Sabater J. , Shimwell T. , Tasse C. , Bonato M. , Bondi M. , Cochrane R. K. , Farrah D. , Gürkan G. , Haskell P. , Pearson W. J. , Prandoni I. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Smith D. J. B. , Vaccari M. , Williams W. L.
Published: October 2020

Aims. We provide the most accurate estimate yet of the bright end of the infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) and the abundance of hyperluminous IR galaxies (HLIRGs) with IR luminosities >1013L⊙, thanks to the combination of the high sensitivity, angular resolution, and large area of the LOFAR Deep Fields, which probes an unprecedented dynamic range of luminosity and volume.

Methods. We cross-match Herschel sources and LOFAR sources in Boötes (8.63 deg2), Lockman Hole (10.28 deg2), and ELAIS-N1 (6.74 deg2) with rms sensitivities of ~32, 22, and 20 μJy beam−1, respectively. We divide the matched samples into “unique” and “multiple” categories. For the multiple matches, we de-blend the Herschel fluxes using the LOFAR positions and the 150-MHz flux densities as priors. We perform spectral energy distribution fitting, combined with multi-wavelength counterpart identifications and photometric redshift estimates, to derive IR luminosities.

Results. The depth of the LOFAR data allows us to identify highly complete (~92% completeness) samples of bright Herschel sources with a simple selection based on the 250 μm flux density (45, 40, and 35 mJy in Boötes, Lockman Hole, and ELAIS-N1, respectively). Most of the bright Herschel sources fall into the unique category (i.e. a single LOFAR counterpart). For the multiple matches, there is excellent correspondence between the radio emission and the far-IR emission. We find a good agreement in the IR LFs with a previous study out to z ~ 6 which used de-blended Herschel data. Our sample gives the strongest and cleanest indication to date that the population of HLIRGs has surface densities of ~5 to ~18/deg2 (with variations due to a combination of the applied flux limit and cosmic variance) and an uncertainty of a factor of ≲2. In comparison, the GALFORM semi-analytic model significantly under-predicts the abundance of HLIRGs.
Occurrence rates of small planets from HARPS
Authors: Bashi D. , Zucker S. , Adibekyan V. , Santos N. C. , Tal-Or L. , Trifonov T. , Mazeh T.
Published: October 2020

Context. The stars in the Milky Way thin and thick disks can be distinguished by several properties such as metallicity and kinematics. It is not clear whether the two populations also differ in the properties of planets orbiting the stars. In order to study this, a careful analysis of both the chemical composition and mass detection limits is required for a sufficiently large sample. Currently, this information is still limited only to large radial-velocity (RV) programs. Based on the recently published archival database of the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph, we present a first analysis of low-mass (small) planet occurrence rates in a sample of thin- and thick-disk stars.

Aims. We aim to assess the effects of stellar properties on planet occurrence rates and to obtain first estimates of planet occurrence rates in the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy. As a baseline for comparison, we also aim to provide an updated value for the small close-in planet occurrence rate and compare it with the results of previous RV and transit (Kepler) works.

Methods. We used archival HARPS RV datasets to calculate detection limits of a sample of stars that were previously analysed for their elemental abundances. For stars with known planets we first subtracted the Keplerian orbit. We then used this information to calculate planet occurrence rates according to a simplified Bayesian model in different regimes of stellar and planet properties.

Results. Our results suggest that metal-poor stars and more massive stars host fewer low-mass close-in planets. We find the occurrence rates of these planets in the thin and thick disks to be comparable. In the iron-poor regimes, we find these occurrence rates to be significantly larger at the high-α region (thick-disk stars) as compared with the low-α region (thin-disk stars). In general, we find the average number of close-in small planets (2–100 days, 1–20M⊕) per star (FGK-dwarfs) to be: n¯p = 0.36 ± 0.05, while the fraction of stars with planets is Fh = 0.23−0.03+0.04. Qualitatively, our results agree well with previous estimates based on RV and Kepler surveys.

Conclusions. This work provides a first estimate of the close-in small planet occurrence rates in the solar neighbourhood of the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy. It is unclear whether there are other stellar properties related to the Galactic context that affect small-planet occurrence rates, or if it is only the combined effects of stellar metal content and mass. A future larger sample of stars and planets is needed to address those questions.
Comment les neurosciences recherchent la clé des songes
Authors: Henry Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2020

Le sommeil est une succession de deux phases : le sommeil profond d’une part et le sommeil paradoxal d’autre part, qui possède des caractères propres à la veille et au sommeil, ce qui a conduit à proposer que cette phase hébergerait les rêves. Cette hypothèse est maintenant considérée comme simplificatrice, le sommeil profond abritant aussi des rêves aux caractéristiques différentes. Dans ces conditions, déterminer les structures cérébrales associées au rêve est difficile. Le rêve et la veille impliquent les mêmes mécanismes. L’origine des stimulations du cortex, en l’absence de stimulation externe, reste débattue et la fonction du rêve incomprise. Pour certains, le rêve pourrait être un épiphénomène provoqué par le bruit de fond de la transmission synaptique.
Sur les origines inflammatoires de la DMLA
Authors: Roubeix Christophe , Sahel José-Alain , Guillonneau Xavier , Delarasse Cécile , Sennlaub Florian
Published: October 2020

La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) est une maladie multifactorielle hautement héréditaire qui survient chez le sujet âgé et est causée par une combinaison de facteurs de risques génétiques et environnementaux. Les formes atrophiques de la maladie constituent aujourd’hui une impasse thérapeutique. La physiopathologie de la DMLA est invariablement associée à une accumulation dans l’espace sous-rétinien, de phagocytes mononucléés (PM), une famille de cellules qui inclue des macrophages résidents et inflammatoires. Nous aborderons dans cette revue l’ensemble des mécanismes de cette inflammation spécifique, de l’origine des PM aux conséquences de leur accumulation dans l’espace sous-rétinien. Finalement, nous discuterons de l’impact des facteurs de risques génétiques et environnementaux établis de la DMLA sur le passage d’une inflammation bénéfique aux stades précoces de la maladie à une inflammation délétère aux stades avancés.
Rétinopathie du prématuré : de la prévention au traitement
Authors: Daruich Alejandra , Bremond-Gignac Dominique , Behar-Cohen Francine , Kermorvant Elsa
Published: October 2020

La rétinopathie du prématuré (ROP) est la principale cause évitable de cécité infantile. Son incidence augmente avec la survie de nouveau-nés extrêmement prématurés. La ROP est une pathologie multi-factorielle du développement de la rétine et du réseau vasculaire rétinien, impliquant des facteurs oxygéno-dépendants et nutritionnels. La multiplicité des facteurs participant à la survenue de la ROP plaide en faveur de stratégies préventives complémentaires et synergiques, telles que le contrôle rigoureux de l’oxygénothérapie, l’optimisation des apports nutritionnels et de la croissance post-natale, l’allaitement maternel, un apport suffisant en AGPI-ω-3 et le contrôle des épisodes hyperglycémiques liés à la prématurité. La ROP nécessite une prise en charge multidisciplinaire, qui inclut un dépistage systématique, un traitement adapté et un suivi à long terme. Les modalités actuelles de dépistage font appel à une caméra grand-champ, permettant également un dépistage par télémédecine. Le traitement de référence de la ROP demeure la photocoagulation au laser. Il peut être associé à des injections intravitréennes d’anticorps anti-VEGF, en cours d’évaluation, ou à la chirurgie pour les stades avancés.
Les ARN circulaires, acteurs et biomarqueurs dans le cancer
Authors: Ladet Julien , Mortreux Franck
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre du module d’enseignement Communication Scientifique et Littérature du Master Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de Lyon, les étudiants des parcours M2 Génopath et Biologie de la Peau se sont formés à l’écriture scientifique sur un sujet libre. Suite à un travail préparatoire avec l’équipe pédagogique, chaque étudiant a rédigé, guidé par un tuteur, une Nouvelle. Le parcours M2 Génopath s’adresse aux étudiants scientifiques et médecins et les forme à la recherche fondamentale dans les domaines de la génétique, de la biologie cellulaire et de leurs applications biomédicales. Le parcours M2 Biologie de la Peau est une formation unique en France, et forme des spécialistes de la recherche en biologie cutanée qui s’inséreront dans les services de recherche et développement hospitalier ou de l’industrie dermo-cosmétique et dermo-pharmaceutique.
Psychische Komorbiditäten bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Geirhos Agnes , Domhardt Matthias , Galler Angela , Reinauer Christina , Warschburger Petra , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S. , Minden Kirsten , Temming Svenja , Holl Reinhard W. , Baumeister Harald
Published: October 2020

Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Typ-1-Diabetes sind häufig von komorbiden psychischen Störungen betroffen. Dabei zeigt die Studienlage zur Verbreitung ein heterogenes und inkonsistentes Bild. Diagnose und Behandlung der somatopsychischen Begleiterkrankungen beeinflussen den Behandlungs- und Krankheitsverlauf sowie die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen. Trotzdem wird dies in der klinischen Praxis selten frühzeitig berücksichtigt. Das multizentrische Verbundprojekt COACH verfolgt das Ziel, die Erkennung und Behandlung psychischer Komorbidität für diese Zielgruppe in der bundesweiten Routineversorgung zu optimieren.
Synthesis of Lactams via Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Pharande Shrikant G.
Published: October 2020

Lactams are very important heterocycles as a result of their presence in a wide range of bioactive molecules, natural products and drugs, and also due their utility as versatile synthetic intermediates. Due to these reasons, numerous efforts have focused on the development of effective and efficient methods for their synthesis. Compared to conventional two-component reactions, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), particularly isocyanide-based MCRs, are widely used for the synthesis of a range of small heterocycles including lactam analogues. Despite their numerous applications in almost every field of chemistry, as yet there is no dedicated review on isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) concerning the synthesis of lactams. Therefore, this review presents strategies towards the synthesis of α-, β-, γ-, δ- and ε-lactams using IMCRs or IMCRs/post-transformation reactions reported in the literature between 2000 and 2020.

1 Introduction

2 Developments in Lactam Synthesis

2.1 α-Lactams

2.2 β-Lactams

2.3 γ-Lactams

2.3.1 General γ-Lactams

2.3.2 Benzo-Fused γ-Lactams

2.3.3 Spiro γ-Lactams

2.3.4 α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactams

2.3.5 Polycyclic Fused γ-Lactams

2.4 δ-Lactams

2.5 ε-Lactams

3 Conclusions
Synthetic Studies towards the Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids Containing Indolyl Lactam Frameworks
Authors: Han Fu-She , Tan Dong-Xing
Published: October 2020

In this account, recent progress on the synthetic studies of several monoterpene indole alkaloids, (±)-mersicarpine, misassigned (±)-tronoharine, and (±)-leuconodines D and E, is summarized. Specifically, the rationale for the design and development of the Lewis acid catalyzed SN1-type substitution and formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of indol-2-yl carbinols, and the Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidative intramolecular Heck cross-coupling of indolyl amides tethered with a terminal olefin functionality, are emphasized. These key reactions set the basis for the rapid construction of the fused ring skeleton containing an all-carbon quaternary center at the indol-2-yl position.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Study of (±)-Mersicarpine

3 Synthetic Study of the Misassigned (±)-Tronoharine

4 Study of the Asymmetric Reaction of Indol-2-yl Carbinols

5 Synthetic Study of (±)-Leuconodines D and E

6 Conclusion
Direct and Regioselective C(sp3)–H Bond Fluorination of 2-Alkylazaarenes with Selectfluor
Authors: Chausset-Boissarie Laëtitia , Le Guen Clothilde , Mazzah Ahmed , Penhoat Maël , Melnyk Patricia , Rolando Christian
Published: October 2020

Herein, a regioselective and direct monofluorination strategy of pyridylic and quinolinic C(sp3)–H bonds was developed under transition-metal-free conditions with Selectfluor. The reaction was performed under smooth conditions and afforded fluorinated azahetero­cycles including 2-methylpyridines and -quinolines in moderate to good yields.
Combined Tissue Transfer for Extensive Lower Limb Complex Defects: Flow-through Flaps, Chimera, and “Orochi” Flaps
Authors: Koshima Isao
Published: October 2020

Perforator flaps can be raised anywhere in the body, with minimal donor-site deformity, and can be made into custom-made combined composite flaps, especially for severe complex defects such as osteomyelitis of the lower limbs. Here, we report on the representative application of the combined tissue transfers for complex leg defects. For a wide range of complex defects in the lower extremity, it is necessary to perform reliable revascularization by bypass or flow-through type or vein graft. At the same time, a chimeric or “Orochi” type combined transfer using a minimally invasive perforator flaps and a well-vascularized bone flap are useful. In the case of nerve palsy, it could be possible to combine vascularized nerve flaps. Combined tissue transfers with less invasive donor will be more available in the future.
Content Coverage Evaluation of the OMOP Vocabulary on the Transplant Domain Focusing on Concepts Relevant for Kidney Transplant Outcomes Analysis
Authors: Cho Sylvia , Sin Margaret , Tsapepas Demetra , Dale Leigh-Anne , Husain Syed A. , Mohan Sumit , Natarajan Karthik
Published: October 2020

Background Improving outcomes of transplant recipients within and across transplant centers is important with the increasing number of organ transplantations being performed. The current practice is to analyze the outcomes based on patient level data submitted to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Augmenting the UNOS data with other sources such as the electronic health record will enrich the outcomes analysis, for which a common data model (CDM) can be a helpful tool for transforming heterogeneous source data into a uniform format.

Objectives In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of representing concepts from the UNOS transplant registry forms with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM vocabulary to understand the content coverage of OMOP vocabulary on transplant-specific concepts.

Methods Two annotators manually mapped a total of 3,571 unique concepts extracted from the UNOS registry forms to concepts in the OMOP vocabulary. Concept mappings were evaluated by (1) examining the agreement among the initial two annotators and (2) investigating the number of UNOS concepts not mapped to a concept in the OMOP vocabulary and then classifying them. A subset of mappings was validated by clinicians.

Results There was a substantial agreement between annotators with a kappa score of 0.71. We found that 55.5% of UNOS concepts could not be represented with OMOP standard concepts. The majority of unmapped UNOS concepts were categorized into transplant, measurement, condition, and procedure concepts.

Conclusion We identified categories of unmapped concepts and found that some transplant-specific concepts do not exist in the OMOP vocabulary. We suggest that adding these missing concepts to OMOP would facilitate further research in the transplant domain.