bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noncanonical feedback loop between “RIP3–MLKL” and “4EBP1–eIF4E” promotes neuronal necroptosis
Authors: Wang Shuchao , Zhang Yun , Wang Meijuan , Zhai Zhihao , Tan Yating , Xu Weiye , Ren Xiaozhen , Hu Ximin , Mo Jinyou , Liu Jia , Yang Yunfeng , Chen Dan , Jiang Bing , Huang Hualin , Huang Jufang , Xiong Kun
Published: February 2025

Stroke is a leading risk factor for disability and death. Necroptosis is involved in stroke pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying necroptosis in stroke remain unclear. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) modulates necroptosis in the gut epithelium. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)‐binding protein‐1 (4EPB1) is one of the main downstream molecules of mTORC1. This study addresses the role of the 4EBP1–eIF4E pathway in necroptosis. The 4EBP1–eIF4E pathway was found to be activated in both necroptotic HT‐22 and mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models. Functionally, 4EBP1 overexpression, eIF4E knockdown, and eIF4E inhibition suppressed necroptosis, respectively. Furthermore, a positive feedback circuit was observed between the 4EBP1–eIF4E and receptor‐interacting protein‐3 (RIP3)–mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL) pathways, in which RIP3–MLKL activates the 4EBP1–eIF4E pathway by degrading 4EBP1 and activating eIF4E. This in turn enhanced RIP3–MLKL pathway activation. The eIF4E activation derived from this loop may stimulate cytokine production, which is a key factor associated with necroptosis. Finally, using a mouse MCAO model, the application of eIF4E, RIP3, and MLKL inhibitors was found to have a regulatory mechanism similar to that in the in vitro study, reducing the infarct volume and improving neurological function in MCAO mice.
Unraveling the Genetic Landscape of Hearing Loss: A Comprehensive Study of Azeri Families in Ardabil, Iran
Authors: Mohseni Marzieh , Ashrafi Farzane Zare , Abbaspour Rodbaneh Ehsan , Mokabber Haleh , Vafaei Maryam , Nobakht Ramiz , Keshavarzi Fatemeh , Arzhangi Sanaz , Arish Sara , Azar Zahra Nematollahi , Kahrizi Kimia , Najmabadi Hossein , Davarnia Behzad
Published: February 2025

Background

Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous sensorineural disorder that presents challenges for diagnosis. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have facilitated a more cost‐effective, streamlined diagnostic process. This study aimed to identify HHL variants using NGS in Iranian Azeri families in Ardabil Province, establishing a suitable framework for screening programs tailored to the local population.

Methods

Seventy‐four GJB2‐negative Azeri families with HHL from Ardabil Province of Iran were studied using the OtoSCOPE panel and/or exome sequencing over 15‐years from 2008 to 2023.

Results

Data analysis revealed 53 HHL variants in 52 of the 74 most consanguineous families (70%), including 34 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 19 variants of uncertain significance. Seventeen of the detected variants were novel. SLC26A4, MYO7A, USH2A, and TMPRSS3 were the most prevalent mutated genes for non‐syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) and syndromic hearing loss (SHL) in this study.

Conclusion

Our results are comparable to those of previous studies, indicating that SLC26A4 is the second most common cause of HHL, after GJB2. Moreover, our study emphasizes the significance of understanding the genetic basis of HL for early diagnosis and the implementation of suitable screening programs for various ethnicities in Iran.
A Broadband Magnetoelectric Dipole Reflectarray Antenna at Ku‐Band
Authors: Lv Weiwei , Ding Haibing , Song Wenke , Wang Jing , Zhang Bin , Luo Yuanzhe , Xue Qianzhong
Published: February 2025

In this letter, a broadband reflectarray (RA) antenna operating at Ku‐band is proposed for wireless communication systems. Because the magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antennas have excellent low profile and wide impedance bandwidth performance, a multilayer wideband element is proposed based on a ME dipole and a true‐time delay line. In addition, the elements achieve smooth and linear phase shift curves while maintaining high reflection amplitude over the operating frequency range. Next, employing the above element, a broadband linearly polarized RA antenna with a square aperture is designed and fabricated. The measured results show that the peak gain of the proposed antenna is 27.2 dBi, and the aperture efficiency is 45.3%. Besides, the 1 dB gain bandwidth is 27.5% from 14.4 to 18.8 GHz. The proposed RA antenna has the potential for broadband applications in wireless communication systems.
Miniaturized Wideband Unequal Four‐Way Filtering Power Divider Using Asymmetric Three‐Coupled Lines
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Liu Hongmei , Wang Yang , Zhao Chengcheng , Wang Zhongbao
Published: February 2025

For the first time, a miniaturized wideband four‐way unequal filtering power divider (FPD) based on asymmetric three‐coupled lines (A‐TCLs) is proposed. Two stepped‐impedance resonators (SIR) are loaded on the A‐TCL for enhancing the frequency selectivity and out‐of‐band rejection. Besides, two types of resistors are loaded for good output impedance matchings and isolations. Design equations are derived by combining the methods of even‐odd mode decomposition and voltage‐current analysis. For validation, a prototype with a power division ratio of 1.8:1:1:1.8 is designed. Measurements show that an overlapped bandwidth of more than 60% is obtained with low insertion loss, large out‐of‐band rejection and high frequency selectivity. In addition, the overall size is 0.43λg × 0.32λg, which is the smallest one in the state‐of‐the‐art four‐way FPDs.
Manganese restriction in parenteral nutrition for preterm neonates: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sauberan Jason B. , Katheria Anup C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Manganese (Mn) is present in many parenteral nutrition (PN) ingredients, presumably as a contaminant during ingredient manufacturing. Exposure to Mn in PN may have negative health consequences in preterm neonates. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and safety of not adding supplemental Mn to PN prepared for extremely preterm and very preterm neonates compared with standard Mn supplementation.

Methods

Neonates <32 weeks' gestational age were randomized on postnatal day 1 to receive test PN prepared without adding Mn or standard PN prepared with Mn 5 mcg/kg/day using a commercially available neonatal multitrace element product. Randomization assignment was blinded to the clinical team. Whole blood Mn levels were measured at baseline, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks postnatal age. Growth parameters and nutrition intake were also collected.

Results

Twenty‐six participants were enrolled and nineteen completed the trial. The median duration of PN was 11 days in the no Mn group and 12 days in the standard Mn group. Whole blood Mn levels were not significantly different between the two groups at any time point. Growth and nutrition outcomes were also not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

The provision of no‐added‐Mn PN in routine care was feasible and did not alter Mn blood levels or growth in the first 8 weeks of postnatal age compared with standard PN.
Hyperthermic Core‐Shell Silver‐Gold Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Adsorption‐Uptake by Macrophages, Fibroblasts and Cancer Cells
Authors: Valdivieso E. , Zabala M. , Muñoz Noval A. , López‐Méndez R. , Carmona N. , Espinosa A. , García García F. J. , Boulahya K. , Lucas J. A. , Biancotto L. , Amador U. , Azcondo M. T. , Hurtado‐Marcos C.
Published: February 2025

Gold‐coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@AuNPs) are synthesized by green synthesis using Vaccinium corymbosum as reducing agent. The obtained Ag@AuNPs present a core‐shell structure with nanostar shape. The absorption spectrum of these nanoparticles shows a prominent band centred at 680 nm, within the optimal range for photothermal applications. Dispersions of Ag@AuNPs in water, 1.87 1010 NPs/mL, reach a temperature of 44.3 °C under laser excitation in 10 minutes, which is suitable for hyperthermia therapy. The internalization of Ag@AuNPs, at a concentration of 3 108 NPs/ml, by macrophages (Raw 264.7), human fibroblasts (Hs27), and cancer cells (4T1) is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that at this concentration the cells are viable.
Container emptying alone falls short: mechanical egg removal enhances Aedes aegypti management
Authors: Rubio Alejandra , Melgarejo‐Colmenares Karelly , Kliger Marlene , Cardo María V , Vezzani Darío
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Traditional dengue control efforts focus on eliminating water containers to prevent mosquito breeding, but often overlook Aedes aegypti eggs that remain adhered to container walls. This study compared the effectiveness of two mechanical ovicidal methods—brushing and scrubbing the interior surfaces of containers—against traditional emptying in reducing Ae. aegypti infestation levels. The impact of these methods on non‐target dipterans with similar oviposition behavior to the dengue vector was also evaluated; i.e. Clogmia albipunctata (Psychodidae) and Dasyhelea necrophila (Ceratopogonidae). During April 2024, a field trial was conducted on pre‐existing black plastic flower vases in a public cemetery from temperate Argentina.

RESULTS

Prior to the intervention, out of the 855 containers involved in the study, 765 (89.5%) held water and 351 of such (45.9%) harbored immatures of one or more dipteran species, including Ae. aegypti (observed in 251 containers), C. albipunctata (104), and D. necrophila (51). Both brushing and scrubbing were more effective in reducing the proportion of containers with remaining viable eggs of Ae. aegypti (up to 48.1% and 43.4%, respectively) than just emptying the containers (up to 18.5%). The ovicidal treatments also led to a reduction in the proportion of containers with viable eggs of the non‐target dipteran C. albipunctata, but not of D. necrophila.

CONCLUSIONS

Mechanical ovicidal methods should be mandatory in container emptying campaigns against Ae. aegypti. These methods should be adapted to the local conditions, aiming to promote more targeted and ecologically safe management strategies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Data assimilation errors due to incomplete accounting of balanced versus unbalanced moisture
Authors: Ogrosky H. Reed , Wetzel Alfredo N. , Smith Leslie M. , Stechmann Samuel N.
Published: February 2025

The notion of balance has played an important role in data assimilation. However, traditional ideas of balance have been based on dry dynamics, without moisture. Recently, the notion of balanced moisture has been formulated based on moist dynamics. Here, the goal is to investigate data assimilation strategies with moisture, and to assess the impact of accounting for moisture's balanced and unbalanced components. To illustrate the main ideas, examples are presented using a simple model consisting of linear, moist, shallow‐water equations with stochastic forcing, and a Kalman filter in its stationary state for a data assimilation method akin to 3D‐Var. If a traditional treatment of moisture is used, which does not properly decompose moisture into its balanced and unbalanced components, then the error in the recovered moisture is increased by up to 15% or more. These errors are most significant on smaller spatial scales, where inertia–gravity wave variance is larger, and in the presence of larger vertical gradients of the background moisture state, and in cases with larger observational noise. Underlying these results are some subtle theoretical aspects of the moist dynamical core and its dynamical operator, which is not symmetric; instead, it is self‐adjoint with respect to a non‐diagonal inner product, which is associated with conservation of moist energy. From the results here, and given the longstanding difficulties with data assimilation and forecasting of precipitation, it is possible that balanced versus unbalanced moisture may play a role in these difficulties, among many challenging aspects of water vapor, clouds, and precipitation.
Idealized study of representing spatial and temporal variations in the error contribution of surface emissivity for assimilating surface‐sensitive microwave radiance observations over land
Authors: Wang Zheng Qi , Buehner Mark , Huang Yi
Published: February 2025

The assimilation of surface‐sensitive microwave radiance observations over land can improve numerical weather prediction accuracy at Environment and Climate Change Canada. However, the benefits of these observations are limited by large errors in surface emissivity and skin temperature, along with challenges accounting for these errors in the data assimilation system. Typically, the contribution of surface emissivity error is treated as a deficiency in the observation operator and represented by inflating a fixed observation error covariance matrix (R). However, this study demonstrates the error contributions of surface emissivity in observation space for each radiance observation profile can vary substantially due to variations in the surface emissivity Jacobians, even if the surface emissivity error covariances are fixed. An approach is introduced to account for this variability by representing the surface emissivity errors in the background error covariance matrix (B) and including surface emissivity as an additional analysis variable. Using an idealized one‐dimensional variational assimilation framework, the approach is compared with a reference experiment that uses a fixed R to represent the average error contribution of surface emissivity. The proposed approach results in up to 20% and 35% greater error reduction in the mid–lower tropospheric air temperature and skin temperature analyses, respectively, when compared to the reference experiment. Both methods would be mathematically equivalent in estimating air and skin temperatures if the variations in the error contribution of surface emissivity were fully represented within the R in the reference approach, which may require significant technical changes to the assimilation system. However, additional benefits of the proposed approach could potentially be realized in a 4D‐EnVar assimilation system by propagating the updated surface emissivity and within the outer loop of an incremental formulation. Additionally, it is demonstrated that well‐represented background error correlations between air and skin temperatures in B can further improve the error reductions.
How Uncertain is the Emergence of Knowledge Related to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals? An Analysis of Scientific Knowledge Diversification at Utrecht University
Authors: Romero‐Goyeneche Oscar Yandy , Heimeriks Gaston , Arroyave Felber
Published: February 2025

The study of synergies and trade‐offs among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has captured growing scientific interest. However, how scientific knowledge addressing multiple SDGs emerges and contributes to improving synergies and addressing trade‐offs remains unclear. To analyse this emergence and its uncertainties, Utrecht University serves as a case study due to its funding initiatives, promotion of strategic themes in sustainability, and incentivisation of cross‐faculty collaboration to implement the 2030 Agenda. Using bibliometric methods and complex systems indications, the interactions between SDGs are evaluated within and across knowledge communities. The study reveals a high degree of interconnectedness between knowledge communities closely associated with the SDGs and those less related to them. It also examines the diversification of disciplines, stakeholders and SDGs for two areas of specialization at Utrecht University: Health & Well‐being (SDG 3) and Climate Action (SDG 13). Results highlight unique knowledge‐sharing characteristics and potential limitations for these SDGs. Combining knowledge across SDGs proves challenging due to stakeholder disagreements and unclear social and cognitive translations. The findings suggest specific support for SDGs is essential to foster collaboration across fields and stakeholders, enabling knowledge communities to advance impactful SDG research. Integrating SDG research through top‐down strategic plans may be insufficient, as each SDG has distinct characteristics requiring tailored approaches. Universities should adopt a bottom‐up strategy to identify existing knowledge capabilities and redirect them toward integrating multiple SDGs in scientific knowledge production.
Study on the Influence of Cerium Addition to the Catalytic Performance of Copper–Manganese Catalysts
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Zhihong , Xia Daoran
Published: February 2025

In this study, Cu–Mn–Ce ternary catalysts were prepared using the co‐precipitation method by adding Ce to Cu–Mn catalysts, and the catalytic oxidation performance of toluene was comparatively investigated between Cu–Mn and Cu–Mn–Ce catalysts. The fresh or used catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy to explore the relationship between catalyst structure and performance. XRD results indicated that a significant amount of CeO2 crystals were formed within the Cu–Mn–Ce catalyst. According to XPS and Raman results, Ce in the Cu–Mn–Ce catalyst existed predominantly as Ce3+ and Ce4+, with the latter contributing to the generation of oxygen vacancies, enabling the catalyst to maintain excellent catalytic activity under high toluene concentrations. Additionally, the effects of different element molar ratios, toluene concentrations, space velocity, and oxygen contents on catalyst performance were investigated. The Cu2Mn1Ce2 catalyst exhibited the best performance. When the toluene inlet concentration was 39330.0 mg/m3, the degradation rate of the Cu2Mn1Ce2 catalyst reached 97.0%, which is 31.7% higher than that of the Cu2Mn1 catalyst. The reason for the easy deactivation of the Cu2Mn1 catalyst was attributed to the destruction of the active phase. The toluene degradation mechanism was finally analyzed using GC‐MS.
A Bioactive Benzimidazole‐Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex as an Epigenetic Regulator through Effectively Interrupting the EED–EZH2 Interaction
Authors: Cheng Shasha , Li Jian , Song Ying‐Qi , Jing Shaozhen , Lan Yi‐Xuan , Wang Ling , Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Sheng Chunquan , Wang Wanhe , Wang Hui‐Min David , Leung Chung‐Hang
Published: February 2025

Epigenetic regulation plays a fundamental role in controlling gene expression and maintaining cellular identity. Among epigenetic processes, the translocation of methyltransferases is critical for the modification of chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. The regulation of these translocation events and the mechanisms involved are complex, yet critical for understanding and manipulating epigenetic states. Therefore, novel strategies are required for detecting and visualizing the movement and interaction of methyltransferases within cells. Using enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyltransferase as an example, a bifunctional compound capable of both monitoring and disrupting its translocation process is developed by targeting the protein–protein interaction (PPI) between embryonic ectoderm development (EED) and EZH2. The Ir(III) complex 1 bound enthalpically to EED and effectively inhibited the methyltransferase activity of EZH2. Moreover, disruption of the EED–EZH2 PPI led to increased transcriptional activity of P21 and P27, resulting in the suppression of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation. Excitingly, 1 suppressed tumor metastasis in a TNBC mouse model in vivo. To our knowledge, complex 1 is the first metal‐based bifunctional therapeutic agent designed to probe and inhibit the EED–EZH2 PPI, highlighting the feasibility and significance of using metal complexes to monitor and influence methyltransferase translocations for therapeutic applications.
Intracellular Proteins Targeting with Bi‐Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles Following their Endosomal Escape
Authors: Perret Mélody , Pineda Estelle , Jeune Mathilde Le , Nguyen Tieu Ngoc , Michel Aude , Illien Françoise , Siaugue Jean‐Michel , Ménager Christine , Burlina Fabienne , Secret Emilie
Published: February 2025

The specific targeting of intracellular proteins or organelles by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a major challenge in nanomedicine, as most MNPs are internalized by cells through endocytosis and remain trapped inside small intracellular vesicles, limiting their ability to reach intracellular components. Furthermore, this phenomenon limits their heating capacity in magnetic hyperthermia, and therefore their potential for cancer treatment. This study presents a strategy based on an original double functionalization of MNPs, with polyhistidine peptides (PHPs) triggering endosomal escape and antibodies targeting specific cytosolic proteins. Negatively charged γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2 MNPs with diameter smaller than 50 nm are functionalized with zwitterionic and thiol groups at their surface. These sulfhydryl groups are used to graft PHPs through a labile link, allowing the peptide to be released from the MNPs’ surface once in the cytosolic reductive environment. This severing avoids any interaction between these peptides and intracellular components, which can hinder MNPs’ intracellular mobility. The second MNPs’ surface functionalization is performed through a non‐labile link with antibodies targeting specific cytosolic proteins, namely HSP27 thermosensitive proteins, for this inaugural proof of concept. Bi‐functionalized MNPs are able to successfully target the intracellular protein of interest, opening the door to promising biomedical applications of MNPs, in cellular engineering and magnetic hyperthermia.
Highly Deformable Van der Waals Chalcogenides with Superior Thermoelectric Performance from Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Ren Qi , Zhu Bonan , Tang Gang , Hong Jiawang
Published: February 2025

Van der Waals (vdW) chalcogenide‐based flexible thermoelectric devices hold great promise for wearable electronics. However, intrinsic vdW chalcogenides that combine high flexibility with superior thermoelectric figures of merit (ZT) remain extremely rare. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop methods capable of high‐throughput screening to identify potential vdW chalcogenides with both robust flexibility and favorable ZT value. In this study, over 1000 vdW chalcogenides are high‐throughput screened for their flexibility and ZT values. Flexibility is evaluated using the previously developed deformability factor, while ZT values are predicted using a machine learning model. Several candidates with large deformability and high ZT are successfully identified. Among these, NbSe2Br2 emerges as the top‐performing material. Further first‐principles calculations reveal that it achieves a maximum ZT value of 1.35 at 1000 K, the highest reported so far among flexible inorganic thermoelectric materials. Its power factor value of 8.1 µW cm−1K−2 at 300 K also surpasses most organic and inorganic flexible thermoelectric materials. The high ZTmax is mainly contributed by the extremely low thermal conductivity and the high Seebeck coefficient along the out‐of‐plane direction at high temperatures. The study offers new material options for the development and application of flexible thermoelectric devices based on layered chalcogenides.
Bayesian Functional Region Selection
Authors: Zhu Hongxiao , Sun Yizhi , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: February 2025

Local regions on curves, images and other high‐dimensional objects often contain critical information for interpretation, prediction and decision‐making. Therefore, detecting local regions on functional data that are relevant to a variable of interest is highly desirable. We propose a Bayesian method for functional regression to select local regions on functional predictors that are relevant to a scalar response. The region selection is achieved through sparse estimation of the regression coefficient function. We adopt compactly supported and overcomplete basis to capture local features of the coefficient function and propose a spike‐and‐slab prior coupled with a structured Ising hyper‐prior to encourage continuous shrinkage of nearby regions. Our proposed Bayesian framework accommodates both continuous and binary responses, resulting in posterior inference that naturally captures the uncertainty of the model parameters.
Is It Anorexia? Congenital Duodenal Web
Authors: Lodola Ilaria , Dell’Anna Giuseppe , Balzano Gianpaolo , Danese Silvio
Published: February 2025

Congenital duodenal web (CDW) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults, making diagnosis challenging. We present the case of a 26‐year‐old woman with chronic epigastric symptoms who recently developed vomiting and significant weight loss. Prolonged compensatory duodenal dilation obscured typical radiological signs and delayed preoperative identification. The diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively and managed surgically. This case highlights the need to consider CDW in adults with unexplained proximal gastrointestinal obstruction.
Advancing fetal cardiac insights: extended implications of iron deficiency anemia on diastolic function and cardiac maturation
Authors: Li B. , Feng Y. , Chen R.
Published: February 2025

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Agaoglu et al. Click here to view the article.
Prevalence and Virulence Profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From Different Animals
Authors: Liu Hsu‐Chung , Tang Hui‐Ling , Chiou Chien‐Shun , Lin Yi‐Chun , Chiang Ming‐Ko , Tung Kwong‐Chung , Lai Yi‐Chyi , Lu Min‐Chi
Published: February 2025

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KLA) is an invasive disease, and the occurrence of infection is related to its virulence factors and colonization of the host's gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Some animal‐sourced isolates share virulence factors with human pathogens. However, the potential of K. pneumoniae as a zoonotic agent has not been confirmed in murine infection model.

Objectives

To identify the prevalence and virulence profiles of K. pneumoniae colonization in companion and wild animals and subsequently determine the pathogenicity of selected strains.

Methods

Forty‐five K. pneumoniae isolates (45/302) were obtained from faeces of companion or wild animals. Virulence factors, gyrA polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were detected and compared with our previous collection of 60 human pathogens. For KLA model and cytotoxicity test, three animal‐sourced isolates, CHKP0009 (snake, K1, KpII), CHKP0021 (turtle, K2, pLVPK, KpI, cluster I) and CHKP1027 (dog, non‐K1/K2, HV, KpI, cluster III), with similar genotype and/or phenotype to human pathogens were selected and evaluated for their virulence with human hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) CG43S.

Results

The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was higher in companion than wild animals. K. pneumoniae was primarily isolated from dogs, turtles and snakes. Some animal‐sourced isolates carried virulence factors and revealed phylogenetic relatedness with human pathogens. In KLA model, BALB/c mice infected with snake isolate CHKP0009 and dog isolate CHKP1027 survived for 14 days but showed significant bacterial loads in the liver and spleen. Notably, the pet turtle isolate CHKP0021 presented comparable virulence with human hvKp CG43S and induced liver abscess formation. All three selected animal‐sourced isolates could colonize in the GI tract and possess cytotoxic ability. These findings demonstrated pathogenicity of the animal K. pneumoniae isolates. In addition, the high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in companion animals and some isolates with virulence profiles suggested animal‐sourced K. pneumoniae has the zoonotic potential to cause human disease.

Conclusion

Animals are the natural hosts of zoonotic pathogens. Some animal‐sourced K. pneumoniae isolates are not only pathogenic in vivo but also exhibit phylogenetic relatedness to human pathogens, suggesting the existence of a zoonotic risk for K. pneumoniae between these two populations.
Insights Into the Genome Structure of Natural Hybrid Zygosaccharomyces sp. Yeasts Isolated From Miso
Authors: Ogata Tomoo , Noda Yuri , Matsura Atsuko , Chigira Saki , Nakamura Kensuke
Published: February 2025

There is currently much interest in the Zygosaccharomyces sp. used to produce fermented foods. Here we have used sequencing and PCR to explore differences in the genomic structures of various haploid and allodiploid Zygosaccharomyces sp. strains isolated from miso. In haploid strains, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences had high identity with the ITS sequences of the type strain Z. rouxii CBS732 (92%–100%). In allodiploid strains, some ITS sequences showed high identity (92%–100%), while others showed relatively low identity (69%–83%) with CBS732. By sequencing multiple ITS regions, it might be possible to predict whether a yeast strain is haploid or allodiploid. We also explored the mating‐type like loci (MTLs) of these strains. Allodiploid natural hybrid strains commonly had a P‐subgenome sequence inserted in the right arm of the active MAT locus, but the length of the insert differed by strain. A 36‐kbp P‐subgenome sequence was also inserted into the left arm region of the surrounding MTL in the miso strain MG101. It is likely that loss of heterozygosity occurs around MTLs with homologous sequences. Last, we sequenced the whole genome of yeast strain NBRC1877, which was isolated from Japanese miso 60 years ago. The draft sequence identified chromosomes with a different structure from those of Z. rouxii CBS732. Further comparisons revealed that these chromosomes exist in other Zygosaccharomyces sp. allodiploid yeast strains and may have been formed by reciprocal translocation between tRNA genes during the process of evolution.
Surgical technique of a transcutaneous osseointegration prosthesis system (TOPS) for transtibial amputees
Authors: Frölke Jan Paul , Leijendekkers Ruud , Atallah Robin
Published: February 2025

Transcutaneous osseointegration prosthetic systems (TOPS) are intended to provide stable skeletal attachment for artificial limbs after extremity amputation and is an alternative for socket attachment. TOPS for individuals with limb amputation using osseointegration implants (OI) has proven to consistently and significantly improve quality of life and mobility for the vast majority of amputees, previously using a socket prosthesis also experiencing socket-related problems. As with any implant, complications such as infection, aseptic loosening, or implant fracture can occur, which may necessitate hardware removal. Approximately half of patients who undergo a below-knee amputation are able to utilize an artificial leg acceptably well with a socket-suspended prosthesis. However, the other half of patients experience limitations resulting in reduced prosthesis use, mobility, and quality of life. Limb-to-prosthesis energy transfer is poor because of the so-called “pseudojoint” (i.e., the soft tissue interface), and gross mechanical malalignment is common. Furthermore, transtibial amputees may experience irritation from pistoning and suction at the residual limb–socket interface. These issues result in skin problems and difficulties with socket fit because of fluctuation in the size of the residual limb size, resulting in a decrease in overall satisfaction and confidence in mobility. A bone-anchored implant creates a direct skeletal connection between the residual limb and artificial leg, in which energy transfer is optimal and mechanical alignment is significantly improved.
An endangered species: how LLMs threaten Wikipedia’s sustainability
Authors: Vetter Matthew A. , Jiang Jialei , McDowell Zachary J.
Published: February 2025

As a collaboratively edited and open-access knowledge archive, Wikipedia offers a vast dataset for training artificial intelligence (AI) applications and models, enhancing data accessibility and access to information. However, reliance on the crowd-sourced encyclopedia raises ethical issues related to data provenance, knowledge production, curation, and digital labor. Drawing on critical data studies, feminist posthumanism, and recent research at the intersection of Wikimedia and AI, this study employs problem-centered expert interviews to investigate the relationship between Wikipedia and large language models (LLMs). Key findings include the unclear role of Wikipedia in LLM training, ethical issues, and potential solutions for systemic biases and sustainability challenges. By foregrounding these concerns, this study contributes to ongoing discourses on the responsible use of AI in digital knowledge production and information management. Ultimately, this article calls for greater transparency and accountability in how big tech entities use open-access datasets like Wikipedia, advocating for collaborative frameworks prioritizing ethical considerations and equitable representation.
Advantages in orthopaedic implant infection diagnostics by additional analysis of explants
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Miethke Thomas , Landua Nadine , Obertacke Udo
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Implant-associated infections are the most challenging complication in orthopaedics and trauma surgery as they often lead to long courses of illness and are a financial burden for the healthcare system. There is a need for fast, simple, and cheap identification of pathogens but the ideal detection method was not found yet. The work aims to test whether the detection of pathogens culturing the removed implant is more successful than from simultaneously taken tissue samples or punction fluid.

Methods

Implants were removed due to infection, irritation, or loosening. Tissue samples and joint fluids were processed for bacterial growth in sterile conditions. Samples were incubated and checked for growth. Bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed. Data were anonymized, and statistical analysis was done using Excel and SAS, employing tests like Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney-U, and Kruskal-Wallis. Ethical approval was obtained for this study.

Results

Between February 2018 and April 2019, a total of 163 patients (175 cases) underwent orthopaedic implant removal for various reasons. 30 cases were not usable or analyzable due to missing or damaged reference material, so 145 cases could be evaluated due to study protocol.

The range of detected bacteria was as expected and included low-virulent bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus and Corynebacteria. Pathogen detection by culture of the the explant´s was more sensitive (84.83%) than pathogen detection from tissue samples and punction fluid (64.14%, p<0.0001). Comorbidities did not play any role in the quality of detection but prior antibiotic treatment did influence the results of tissue diagnostics.

Conclusion

This study showed with a higher frequency of bacterial detection of orthopedic explant´s surface compared to tissue samples or punction fluid. This may reduce the number of samples and cost but enhances the quality of orthopaedic implant-related infection diagnostics.
Comparison of temperature dependence of Fe:ZnSe laser output properties under semi-longitudinal excitation by 2.94 and $$\sim$$4.04 $${\upmu }$$m radiation
Authors: Říha Adam , Jelínková Helena , Doroshenko Maxim E. , Němec Michal , Šulc Jan , Vyhlídal David , Badikov Dimitriy V.
Published: February 2025

The temperature dependence of the laser output properties of the Fe:ZnSe single crystal was compared under its excitation by 2.94 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m Q-switched Er:YAG laser radiation and by

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m gain-switched second Fe:ZnSe laser radiation within the same semi-longitudinal configuration. A non-selective laser cavity consisted of a flat highly reflective mirror at 

$$\sim$$

∼

4–5 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m and a concave (r = 200 mm) output coupler with a reflectivity of 88% at

$$\sim$$

∼

3.9

$$-$$

-

5.3 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m. To keep the energy at both excitation wavelengths the same of 

$$\sim$$

∼

9.4 mJ, a special filters were used for attenuation of 2.94 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m radiation. The output energy almost doubled since the angle between pumping and generated laser radiation was reduced from

$$\sim$$

∼

20

$$^{\circ }$$

∘

to 

$$\sim$$

∼

12

$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. The generated laser oscillation wavelength was shifted by 

$$\sim$$

∼

100 nm in the case of 

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m compared to excitation by 2.94 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m radiation. The maximum laser output energy of 

$$\sim$$

∼

1.7 mJ under 2.94 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m excitation was obtained at 78 K. However, at 

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m pumping, the maximum of 

$$\sim$$

∼

0.5 mJ was obtained at 260 K. The efficiency at 2.94 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m excitation decreased from

$$\sim$$

∼

33% at 78 K to 

$$\sim$$

∼

12% at 340 K. At 

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04 

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m radiation excitation, the efficiency increased from the laser threshold at 120 K to its maximum of

$$\sim$$

∼

9% at 260 K.
Isoperimetric Formulas for Hyperbolic Animals
Authors: Roldán Érika , Toalá-Enríquez Rosemberg
Published: February 2025

An animal is a planar shape formed by attaching congruent regular polygons along their edges. In 1976, Harary and Harborth gave closed isoperimetric formulas for Euclidean animals. Here, we provide analogous formulas for hyperbolic animals. We do this by proving a connection between Sturmian words and the parameters of a discrete analogue of balls in the graph determined by hyperbolic tessellations. This reveals a complexity in hyperbolic animals that is not present in Euclidean animals.
Radiologic assessment of third molar development and cervical vertebral maturation to validate age of majority in a Mexican population
Authors: Márquez-Ruiz Ana Belén , González-Herrera Lucas , Luna Juan de Dios , Valenzuela Aurora
Published: February 2025

An increase in irregular migration flows has further raised the importance of age estimation in forensic science. To improve the reliability of age of majority determination, one recommendation is to combine the evaluation of third molar development with age-related skeletal information. In the present study, we assessed mandibular third molar development and cervical vertebral maturation to evaluate the ability of these age indicators, alone and in combination, to accurately identify individuals 18 years of age or older. The study sample comprised 123 multi-slice computed tomography images of Mexican individuals (67 males and 56 females) aged between 14 and 22 years. Demirjian’s stages of tooth development and Baccetti’s stages of vertebral maturation were used. A fully developed mandibular third molar (stage H) indicated adult age with 100% certainty. However, around 70% of individuals older than 18 years had third molars that had not yet completed their development. Thus, immature third molars do not rule out the possibility that an individual has reached the age of majority. In the study sample, the combination of the maturity stages of teeth 38 and 48 or their combination with the cervical stages of maturation did not improve upon the prediction accuracy of either of the mandibular third molars alone (area under the ROC curve > 0.85). Therefore, these findings highlight the need to identify other complementary age estimation methods that minimize the number of false negatives (i.e., adults classified as minors) obtained with assessment of third molar development alone.
Comparison of different dental age estimation methods with deep learning: Willems, Cameriere-European, London Atlas
Authors: Yavuz Betul Sen , Ekmekcioglu Omer , Ankarali Handan
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to compare dental age estimates using Willems, Cameriere-Europe, London Atlas, and deep learning methods on panoramic radiographs of Turkish children. The dental ages of 1169 children (613 girls, 556 boys) who agreed to participate in the study were determined by 4 different methods. The Convolutional Neural Network models examined were implemented in the TensorFlow library. Simple correlations and intraclass correlations between children’s chronological ages and dental age estimates were calculated. Goodness-of-fit criteria were calculated based on the errors in dental age estimates and the smallest possible values for the Akaike Information Criterion, the Bayesian-Schwarz Criterion, the Root Mean Squared Error, and the coefficient of determination value. Simple correlations were observed between dental age and chronological ages in all four methods (p < 0.001). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the average dental age estimates of methods other than the London Atlas for boys (p = 0.179) and the four methods for girls (p < 0.001). The intra-class correlation between chronological age and methods was examined, and almost perfect agreement was observed in all methods. Moreover, the predictions of all methods were similar to each other in each gender and overall (Intraclass correlation [ICCW] = 0.92, ICCCE=0.94, ICCLA=0.95, ICCDL=0.89 for all children). The London Atlas is only suitable for boys in predicting the age of Turkish children, Willems, Cameriere-Europe formulas, and deep learning methods need revision.
Sedimentmanagement, ökologischer Zustand und Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich Kleinwasserkraftanlagen in Österreich
Authors: Leitner Patrick , Flödl Peter , Graf Wolfram , Hauer Christoph
Published: February 2025

Kontinuumsunterbrechungen und Restwassersituationen durch Kleinstwasserkraftanlagen stellen wesentliche hydromorphologische Beeinträchtigungen von Fließgewässern in Österreich dar, wobei bereits Möglichkeiten und Vorgaben für Sanierungsmaßnahmen bestehen. Speziell für das hydromorphologische Risiko in Staubereichen fehlen jedoch spezifische Handlungsempfehlungen, inwiefern eine ökologische Aufwertung unter dem Aspekt der Feststoffdynamik möglich ist. Die Auswirkungen von Stauanlagen auf die unterschiedlichen biologischen Qualitätskomponenten und damit auf den ökologischen Zustand sind bereits gut dokumentiert, wobei die hydraulischen Verhältnisse im Bereich der Gewässersohle von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, auf Grundlage von Makrozoobenthos-Daten von Staubereichen unterschiedlicher Bioregionen, die ökologische Zustandsklasse mit den abiotischen Parametern Fließgeschwindigkeit und Korngröße zu korrelieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine grobe ökologische Risikoabschätzung von Stauen bei Kleinwasserkraftanlagen mittels Substratkartierung und einfachen Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Fließgeschwindigkeit vorab geschätzt werden kann. Unsicherheiten in der Prognose aufgrund typologischer Besonderheiten sollten jedoch individuell beurteilt werden.
Effect of twin block on intracranial pressure
Authors: Hezenci Yasin , Bulut Musa , Demirel Oğuzhan
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Twin Block appliances on intracranial pressure (ICP) in adolescents by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ultrasonography.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study involving 20 adolescents (8 girls and 12 boys) with skeletal mandibular retrognathia undergoing treatment with Twin Block appliances. ONSD measurements were taken at six different time points: before appliance placement (T0), 1 min after placement (T1), 10 min after placement (T2), one month after the start of treatment with twin block (T3), immediately after appliance removal (T4), and 10 min after removal (T5). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were also monitored. Statistical analyses were performed using Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests with Bonferroni correction, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results

Significant increases in ONSD were observed at T1 and T2 compared to T0 (p < 0.05), with the highest ONSD recorded at T1. No significant changes in ONSD were noted at T3 or T5, indicating that the initial increase in ONSD was temporary. MAP showed a significant decrease at T2, but no significant changes were observed in SpO2 or heart rate across the time points.

Conclusion

This study is the first to report a significant increase in ICP, as indicated by ONSD, in adolescents using Twin Block appliances. The observed rise in ONSD shortly after appliance placement suggests a temporary increase in ICP. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring intracranial pressure during orthodontic treatment, particularly in adolescents.
Loss and damage in tropical fisheries: a systematic review of people, climate, and fisheries
Authors: N’Guetta Alicia , Boyd Emily , Krause Torsten , Jackson Guy
Published: February 2025

Climate change loss and damage research and policy includes biodiversity loss as a non-economic loss and damage. Yet there is scant understanding of what is loss and damage in tropical fisheries and how it is measured. We conduct the first systematic review of loss and damage in fisheries. The study uses a qualitative interpretivist values–based lens to examine fishers’ intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values in the literature. A systematic review was carried out on the interdisciplinary literature on fisheries in 2022–2023. Guided by criteria and questions, we identified 11 case studies that fit the criteria for loss and damage in fisheries (17% of total literature identified). All 11 cases reported economic loss and damage (e.g. income and fisheries catch). Many studies have reported non-economic loss and damage (e.g. loss of ecosystem services and species (82%), food security and health (82%), mobility (19%)). The results also show that loss and damage in fisheries are valued in a relational way to fishers’ livelihood, way of life, and well-being through for example loss of social and emotional well-being (73%), sense of belonging (36%), and identity (27%). Several studies underscore socioeconomic, political, and environmental drivers that intersect locally with climate change, such as overfishing and pollution (55%), or failure of international policies and development aid (37%). We suggest the current international policy framing of loss and damage risks undermining the understanding of local fishers’ everyday experience and argue for plural and inclusive ways of knowing and valuing loss and damage in fisheries.