bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic use and practices in commercial poultry laying hens in Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: Adebowale Oluwawemimo O. , Adeyemo Olanike K. , Awoyomi Olajoju , Dada Racheal , Adebowale Oluseyi
Published: May 2017

Poultry production contributes largely to the Nigerian economy. However, antibiotics misuse by poultry farmers has resulted in multidrug resistance and impeded efficiency of antibiotic treatments in the industry. The study was carried out to assess antibiotic usage in commercial poultry farms. A survey using a structured farm-manager questionnaire was conducted to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics of the farm owners or managers, the types of antibiotics used, their frequency and purpose of use, the awareness of antibiotics usage and associated consequences, and farmers’ preferred channels of information on prudent antibiotic usage. The respondents’ level of education was university or equivalent (70.9%), high school (12.6%), or no formal education (13.6%). Antibiotics were primarily used for prophylaxis (> 60%) and therapeutics (< 15%). Gentamicin (76.7%) was the most used, followed by tetracycline (64.1%), enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (57.3%), furazolidone (49.5%), streptomycin (46.6%), furaltadone (43.7%), chloramphenicol (41.7%), penicillin (25.2%), erythromycin (24.3%), and nalidixic acid (11.7%). About half of the farms used banned furazolidone and chloramphenicol. In total 82 (79.6%) farmers were aware that the use of random antibiotics in the treatment of improperly diagnosed diseases can lead to antibiotic resistance. However 73 (70.9%) were less aware that antibiotics misuse in animals poses a serious threat to humanhealth. Antibiotics were not prudently used by poultry producers, whose lack of awareness may contribute to the issue. It is anticipated that the results of this survey will assist in developing relevant policies toward controlling antibiotic use in poultry farms in Nigeria.
Corrélation des taux de cortisol dans le sérum, les poils et les fèces chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Bargaâ Rita , Lektib Islah , Chakir Youssef , El Abbadi Najia , Belhouari Abdarrahmane , Hammoumi Abdarrahman , Farh Mohamed , Tahri El-Hassane , Riad Fouad , El Mzibri Mohammed , El Khasmi Mohammed
Published: May 2017

Alors que cela a été réalisé chez de nombreuses autres espèces de mammifères, chez le dromadaire, l’évaluation du taux de cortisol a été très rarement décrite dans les fèces, et elle ne l’a jamais été dans les poils. L’objectif de cette étude a ainsi été de déterminer, chez cet animal, les taux de cortisol dans le sérum, les poils et les fèces, et leurs éventuelles corrélations. Les résultats ont montré que le taux de cortisol variait avec la saison et qu’il était significativement (p < 0,05) plus élevé en janvier qu’en mai/juin. Une corrélation positive entre les taux sériques et ceux déterminés dans les poils et les fèces a été notée. Cette corrélation indique que l’analyse du cortisol dans les poils et les fèces reflète l’activité de la corticosurrénale et pourrait être utilisée comme une méthode non-invasive pour évaluer le stress chez le dromadaire.
Adaptability and suitability of local cattle breeds in Egypt: Farmers and actors’ perceptions and practices of the cattle value chain
Authors: Osman Mona A. , Alary Véronique , Khalil Mustafa , Elbeltagy Ahmed , Tourrand Jean-François , Moulin Charles-Henri
Published: May 2017

Egypt, where the mean temperature is expected to increase by 1−1.5°C over the next two decades, is particularly concerned with climate change in the Mediterranean. Most of the research works on adaptive animal traits have focused on sheep and goats in non-irrigated areas, with little interest in livestock systems in irrigated areas. However, meat and dairy products in Egypt are mainly supplied by large ruminants − cattle and buffaloes. In addition, research on genetic improvement to increase production has neglected local cattle breeds such as the Baladi, which appears to be endangered. Based on individual and collective interviews conducted in two governorates of Egypt, this study aimed to describe the situation of this local breed based on the perceptions and practices of the actors in the sector (including farmers, traders and service suppliers), and to draw perspectives for its future. From the interviews, the Baladi appeared adapted and more resistant to harsh conditions, especially to extreme warm temperatures, feed shortage periods, and some diseases, in particular foot-and-mouth disease. However, there is no organization or collective action to preserve or promote this breed because of its low level of dairy production, although its meat is highly valued in rural areas and could be the source of a potential niche market.
Sobre o uso pedagógico da imagem fílmica na escola
Authors: Carlos Erenildo João
Published: May 2017

O presente ensaio problematiza, a partir de um procedimento analítico-argumentativo, a presença da imagem cinematográfica no contexto da cultura visual a partir do entendimento de que o filme pode ser utilizado pedagogicamente no espaço escolar. Argumenta que na sociedade atual, a relação tricotômica existente entre imagem, cinema e conhecimento se configura como uma questão que deve ser analisada teoricamente, abordada com a devida consciência crítica e trabalhada pedagogicamente com competência, tendo em vista o cumprimento dos fins sociais da educação escolar, a especificidade da linguagem cinematográfica e seus possíveis vínculos com a natureza epistêmica do saber elaborado.
Editorial: O cinema e a educação - as redes de significações e subjetividades tecidas nas/com as práticas e pesquisas
Authors: Fernandes Adriana Hoffmann , Monteiro Aline , Soares Maria da Conceição Silva
Published: May 2017

A televisão, o cinema e o vídeo integram nossas redes de práticas, significações, relações e poderes, se configurando como coautores da invenção do nosso cotidiano e de um presente eletrônica e diditalmente partilhado. Na ambiência de uma cultura eminentemente audiovisual, as subjetividades estão cada vez mais investidas nos processos de ver, dar a ver e ser visto. Assim, pensar a educação e a formação dos que veem, nessa contingência, é também pensar nos diferentes modos de praticar as audiovisualidades nas escolas e nas redes educativas que lá se engrendram ou que as atravessam, nas quais conhecimentos, modos de conhecer e autorias se constroem. A televisão, o cinema e o video, nos tempos do digital em redes, podem estar nos diferentes espaços-tempos onde são programadas a exibição, tais como salas de cinema, salas de estar e salas de aula, mas também em espaços-tempos imprevisíveis com os usos que se faz de aparelhos e narrativas audiovisuais. Propomos-nos a nesse dossie abrir espaço de reflexão sobre as relações do cinema e educação nos diferentes modos de se pensar a formação seja de crianças, jovens, professores e todos aqueles que olham e aprendem a olhar como processo de formação imprescindível para todos os sujeitos na atualidade.
Um olhar em busca do belo que conforta: o outro diante do cinema brasileiro
Authors: Fischer Rosa Maria Bueno , Hilgert Ananda Vargas
Published: May 2017

Neste artigo, discutimos algumas relações entre cinema, alteridade e educação. Partimos do pressuposto de que o cinema produz algo em nós, ao mesmo tempo em que apostamos na potência de desestabilização permitida pelo cinema. Para tanto, operamos com alguns dados de pesquisa realizada com estudantes estrangeiros, em situação de sala de aula, expostos a uma experiência com filmes produzidos no Brasil. Na análise dos dados, recorremos a Nietzsche, Deleuze, Julia Kristeva, além de Ismail Xavier, Alain Badiou e Alain Bergala. Buscamos com esses autores articular cinema e produção de pensamento, em torno de elaborações sobre o belo, a narrativa cinematográfica, bem como sobre o tema da alteridade.
El@s voltam no sábado: enredos do LASEB de educação e cinema
Authors: Teixeira Inês Assunção
Published: May 2017

O artigo analisa questões e aspectos relativos ao primeiro Curso de Especialização em Educação e Cinema destinado a professores/as de escolas públicas de Educação Básica, realizado mediante convênio entre a Faculdade de Educação da UFMG e a Secretaria Municipal de Ensino de Belo Horizonte (RME/BH) e subsídios do MEC, sendo esta uma das áreas temáticas que constituiu o Curso de Especialização em Formação de Educadores/as para a Educação Básica (LASEB) em sua Sexta Edição. Trata-se de um projeto de formação continuada de educadores/as pioneiro no país, focalizando a temática da Educação e Cinema, realizado aos sábados no período de março de 2013 a junho de 2015, do qual participaram 40 educadores/as da Educação infantil, do Ensino Fundamental I e II, bem como diretores e bibliotecários de escolas da RME/BH. Quanto aos encaminhamentos metodológicos da pesquisa que deu origem ao artigo, constituiu-se de levantamento e análise de documentos, tendo como fonte o acervo do LASEB e da coordenação do Curso de Educação e Cinema. Entre outros pontos, destaca-se na proposta curricular desta Especialização, a atividade de planejamento e elaboração de monografias de final de curso, que constituíram um registro, uma sistematização e análise dos projetos realizados pelos/as educadores/as.O Curso, cujo objetivo central foi o de contribuir para a formação estética e a reinvenção das práticas pedagógicas dos/as educadores/as com cinema e audiovisual, sustentou-se no pressuposto de que estes devem ser trazidos à escola e a docência, para que a humanizem, enriqueçam e ampliem, a educação de crianças, jovens e adultos.
VULNERABILIDAD. LA PROFUNDIDAD DE UN PRINCIPIO DE LA BIOÉTICA
Authors: Díaz Francisco Javier de la Torre
Published: May 2017

RESUMEN: El principio de vulnerabilidad es el principio esencial de la bioética europea en la medida que es un principio anterior y prioritario a los otros principios. Este principio recogido en la Declaración de Barcelona también es recogido en el art. 8 de la Declaración Universal de Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la UNESCO (2005) ampliando así su horizonte de un nivel europeo a un nivel universal. Por estas razones es esencial detenernos a reflexionar en profundidad sobre su significado. Este artículo ofrece, para realizar esta tarea de modo sintético y descriptivo, algunas cuestiones claves presentando el DNA de la vulnerabilidad en ocho marcos: cultural, social, institucional, antropológico, emocional, relacional, biográfico y profesional.ABSTRACT: The principle of vulnerability is an essential principle in European bioethics, given that it precedes and has priority over the other principles. This principle, stated in the Barcelona Declaration is also specified in the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights. This broadens its horizon from a European level, to a universal level. For these reasons, it is essential for us to take time to consider in depth about its meaning. This article offers, for the accomplishment of this task, some key questions in a synthetic manner, presenting the DNA of vulnerability in eight frames: cultural, social, institutional, anthropological, emotional, relational, biographical and professional.
INSTITUIÇÃO E INDIVÍDUO NA REFORMA ECLESIAL DE LUTERO E DE FRANCISCO
Authors: Miranda Mário De França
Published: May 2017

RESUMO: O texto busca confrontar a reforma de Lutero com a de Francisco na perspectiva da relação entre instituição eclesial e indivíduo cristão. Em sua primeira parte aborda a necessária conexão e interdependência do contexto histórico e a vivência pessoal da fé cristã, nem sempre devidamente correta ao longo da história do cristianismo. Em seguida vem tratada a reforma de Lutero: a decadente situação eclesial de seu tempo e sua luta pela liberdade do cristão, por um relacionamento pessoal com Deus na fé. A parte seguinte estuda, sob o mesmo prisma, a reforma eclesial do papa Francisco que propugna mudanças nas mentalidades e nas estruturas eclesiais em prol de um maior respeito à pessoa humana sempre acolhida por Deus misericordioso. Finalmente se alude brevemente a uma possível dimensão ecumênica da reforma em seus 500 anos.ABSTRACT: The text seeks to confront both Luther’s and Francis’ Reform in the perspective of relationship between ecclesial institution and the Christian individual. The first part takes on the necessary connection and inter-dependency of the historical context and the personal experience of Christian faith, not always evident throughout Christianity’s history. This is followed by Luther’s Reform: how the ecclesial situation decayed in his time and his fight for both Christian freedom and his personal relationship with God. The next part studies, under the same perspective, Pope Francis’ ecclesial reform, which calls for changes in both mindsets and ecclesial structures in favor of the human person with greater respect and a constant embrace from a merciful God. Finally, the text mentions, succinctly, the Reform’s possible ecumenical dimension over its 500 years.
ESPIRITUALIDADES PLURAIS DA REFORMA
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudio Oliveira
Published: May 2017

RESUMO: A pesquisa centrou-se na análise do percurso teológico da Reforma Protestante, enfatizando a pluralidade dela, as visões politicamente distintas entre seus protagonistas como Martinho Lutero, João Calvino e Thomas Müntzer, e as práticas e espiritualidades igualmente distintas até os dias de hoje. Metodologicamente, seguimos a noção da história como interpretação e o potencial criativo dos entre-lugares culturais, valorizando os aspectos utópicos que possam ser reforçados pela avaliação histórica. Os resultados da pesquisa destacaram alguns desses aspectos como: (i) o valor teológico da dimensão ecumênica, (ii) os processos de renovação eclesial, dentro e fora do contexto protestante, (iii) a criação e o fortalecimento de vida comunitária e crítica, dentro dos parâmetros teológicos da Reforma. Eles devem ser analisados levando-se em consideração as peculiaridades do contexto brasileiro e latino-americano em geral em suas diferentes dimensões.ABSTRACT: The research focused on the analysis of the theological path of the Protestant Reformation, highlighting its plurality, the varied political views among its protagonists, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin and Thomas Müntzer, and the equally different practices and spiritualities of today. Methodologically we followed the notion of history as interpretation and the creative potential of the cultural in-between places, valuing the utopian aspects that might be reinforced by the historical evaluation. The research results highlighted some of these aspects, such as (i) the theological value of the ecumenical dimension, (ii) the processes of ecclesial renewal, inside and outside the Protestant context, and (iii) the creation and strengthening of community life, within the theological parameters of the Reformation. They are to be analyzed taking into consideration the peculiarities of Brazilian and Latin American contexts in their varied dimensions.
The implementation of the List of Job Posts (RPT) on a Galician local administration
Authors: Seoane Francisco Jesús Ferreiro , Villares Manuel Octavio Del Campo , Santos Marta Camino
Published: May 2017

The objective of this paper is the analysis of the List of Job Posts (RPT in Spanish), an instrument used by public administrations and quite demanded by local entities whose aim is to define the tasks and conditions of each work post and to order the organizational structure of the personnel within the public sector. Every elaboration of a RPT starts with a description of the job posts, which means to make a detailed exposition of the characteristics inherent in them. To do that, we will use the technic of report and interview as instrument of collection and verification of data; followed by the technical and economic valuation of the job posts to establish the specific complement perceived by each one’s performance.The main result is the great utility of the RPT,which allows to improve the organizational efficacy of the Public Administrationand solve conflicts among the staff. The main limitations appear in the difficulty of having a consensus about a RPT as the expectations of the interested are not always satisfied making the process of negotiation more complex, getting to the point of no approval. The main contributions of this article are the review of the theoretical framework of the RPT, not studied deeply in the academic field, and the exposition of a methodology that allows to modernize its implementation, valuing the job posts technical and economically through objective factors reducing arbitrariness and repairing historical anomalies based on subjective criteria.
La mejora regulatoria en España: los nuevos principios que informan el ejercicio de la iniciativa legislativa y la potestad reglamentaria de las administraciones públicas
Authors: Casado Lucía Casado
Published: May 2017

La mejora de la calidad de las normas se ha convertido, en los últimos años, en una prioridad para los países de nuestro entorno, debido, entre otros factores, a su consideración como factor estratégico para el desarrollo sostenible, el crecimiento económico y la competitividad. La política de mejora de la regulación se ha impulsado de forma muy representativa, desde hace más de dos décadas, por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico y por la Unión Europea. En España, se ha desarrollado de forma más reciente y ha recibido un impulso significativo en 2015, con la aprobación de la Ley 39/2015, de 1 de octubre, de procedimiento administrativo común de las administraciones públicas, que incluye un nuevo Título, el VI, destinado a regular la iniciativa legislativa y la potestad para dictar reglamentos y otras disposiciones. Este trabajo, trasexaminar la evolución de la mejora regulatoria en España, se centra en el análisis de las novedades incorporadas en esta materia por la citada Ley 39/2015. En particular, se analizan en profundidad, además de los principios de buena regulación incluidos en esta Ley (necesidad, eficacia, proporcionalidad, seguridad jurídica, transparencia, eficiencia y estabilidad presupuestaria y sostenibilidad financiera), los tres instrumentos de mejora regulatoria recogidos en ella: la evaluación normativa y la adaptación de la normativa vigente a los principios de buena regulación; la planificación normativa; y la participación de los ciudadanos en el procedimiento de elaboración de normas con rango de Ley y reglamentos.
Condicionantes para substituição do produto durante a execução do contrato em virtude de força maior ou caso fortuito
Authors: Saddy André
Published: May 2017

Com a ruptura do “positivismo” constitucional, o respeito às regras preestabelecidas no instrumento convocatório e o princípio da imutabilidade das propostas vem sendo relativizados. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender e analisar esta relativização face à possibilidade de substituição de um produto durante a execução do contrato em virtude de força maior ou caso fortuito, observando os condicionantes defendidos pelas diversas correntes doutrinárias, jurisprudência, bem como sua aplicação ao caso concreto. Esta análise é feita através da contraposição dos elementos acima mencionados com a norma Constitucional e a Lei 8666/93, que rege as licitações e contratos da Administração Pública.
Understanding Naegleria fowleri
Authors: Laydon Clara
Published: May 2017

Naegleria fowleri is warm water environmental pathogen. his paper presents information on the pathogen, its infection pathway and resulting disease, as well as the Australian historical study that provided the basis of the current potable water advice within the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) and results of more recent disinfection studies.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR DALAM PENGKLASIFIKASIAN FOLLOWER TWITTER YANG MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Rivki Muhammad , Bachtiar Adam Mukharil
Published: May 2017

Di era digital ini strategi atau cara marketing telah berkembang, banyak pengusaha yang sedah memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai salah satu alat untuk melakukan strategi pemasaran dan salah satu media sosial yang digunakan adalah Twitter. Twitter digunakan sebagai media untuk memasarkan produk dalam marketing. Sayangnya Twitter tidak memberikan fitur untuk memudahkan penggunanya dalam melakukan promosi seperti memberikan informasi tentang waktu keaktifan follower serta mengkategorikan sesuai dengan ketertarikan dari follower. Oleh karena itu, agar dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah Twitter client yang dapat melakukan klasifikasi terhadap follower dari pengguna dan memudahkan cara promosi di Twitter. Salah satu cara untuk mengkategorikan ketertarikan dari user di Twitter adalah dengan menggunakan text mining. Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor adalah salah satu algoritma yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk implementasi pengklasifikasiannya. Pembangunan sistem Twikipedia dengan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor mampu mengklasifikasikan follower dari pengguna dan memudahkan pengguna dalam melakukan promosi di Twitter dengan fitur yang tidak disediakan oleh Twitter.
RESEARCH IN ONLINE SPACE: THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR RESEARCH SETTING
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin
Published: May 2017

Web 2.0 technology has supported the arrival of various social and collaborative applications. Those applications, which is known as social media, provide an opportunity for  users to express their opinions and share their knowledge and thoughts with others in online space.  This provides opportunities for reseachers to extend their research setting and generate data within a broader environement. As a result, researchers have increasingly turned to social media sites  to practice their research  to expand the scope and improve the analytic power of their studies. Yet there is still relatively little direction on and much confusion about how to gather data using qualitative and quantitative approaches on social media sites. Through an exstensive literature review from Information Technology and Information System journals, this studi  proposes new data gathering strategies within a broader environment of social media sites.   This study contributes to understanding of using social media for new  research settings. The limitation and future research of this study is addressed.
Congenital Duodenal Obstruction, Situs Inversus Totalis, and Gastric Perforation in a Neonate
Authors: Piplani Rajat , Acharya Samir Kant , Bagga Deepak
Published: May 2017

We report a rare case of incomplete congenital duodenal obstruction (Type 1 duodenal atresia) in association with situs inversus totalis presenting with gastric perforation in a neonate. The infantogram was suggestive of perforation with air under diaphragm along with dextrocardia. On exploration, a pin point perforation at fundus near lesser curvature along with situs inversus was noted. Primary closure of gastric perforation was done. Patient was then discharged on full breast feeds but was readmitted with intolerance to feeds and recurrent bilious vomiting. Further, upper GI contrast study revealed partial duodenal obstruction. On re-exploration, duodenal web with central aperture was seen and duodeno-duodenostomy was done.
Successful Postnatal Management of Ruptured Giant Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Authors: Al ani Muataz Abdulhameed
Published: May 2017

Most sacrococcygeal teratomas present between the 22nd and the 34th week of gestation. The diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma on routine antenatal sonograms is associated with a greater than expected incidence of prenatal and perinatal complications. We report a premature baby with intrauterine spontaneous rupture of giant sacrococcygeal teratoma which was managed successfully.
Type V Pouch Colon, Prune Belly Syndrome, and Congenital Anterior Urethrocutaneous Fistula
Authors: Raj Prince , Birua Hirendra
Published: May 2017

Congenital pouch colon (CPC) or short colon syndrome is a rare type of anorectal malformation(ARM). Type V is the rarest form of CPC. We present a 1-day-old male child with type V CPC with prune belly syndrome and congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula (CAUF).
A Difficult Recurrent Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Louati Hamdi , Zitouni Hayet , Belhajmansour Manel , Ben Dhaou Mahdi , Jallouli Mohamed , Mhiri Riadh , Kallel Rim , Boudawara Tahya
Published: May 2017

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Pleural and Pericardiac Effusion as a Complication of Properly Placed Umbilical Venous Catheter
Authors: Unal Sezin , Arifoglu İlter , Çelik İstemi Han , Yılmaz Osman , Bas Ahmet Yagmur , Demirel Nihal
Published: May 2017

Pleural and pericardial effusions are extremely rare complications of umbilical venous catheterization in newborns. A preterm male infant weighing 850g, with insertion of an umbilical venous catheter (UVC) developed massive right pleural and pericardial effusions. The position of catheter tip was verified by chest radiography and echocardiography. The effusions were drained by thoracentesis and pericardiocentesis without complication, and were biochemically similar as total parenteral infusion which infused through catheter.
Prevention of Histological Changes after Colonic Diversion in Rats: An Experimental Study
Authors: Pathak M , Srinivas M , Shariff A
Published: May 2017

AIM: To determine the beneficial effects of Glutamine, Psyllium, Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), and Maharishi Amrit Kalash (MAK), in preventing the histological changes after diversion colostomy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: After ethical clearance, male wistar rats (n=40) underwent diversion colostomy. Rats were divided into five groups of 8 rats each. Each group was given, after diversion colostomy, per rectally, one of the five agents being tested as an enema (3 ml/kg/day). Group I: Normal saline. Group II: Glutamine Group III: Psyllium, Group IV: MAK. Group V: Short chain fatty acid. The rats were euthanised 45 days after performing diversion colostomy. Morphometrical analysis of defunctionalised colon was done. Statistical analysis was done using SSPS statistical analysis software.RESULTS: On comparison with Group I epithelial cell height and mucosal thickness was significantly higher in Group II. Muscularis externae thickness was significantly higher in Group III on comparison with Group I. Group V had least inflammatory changes. CONCLUSIONS: Atrophic and inflammatory changes in the diverted colon can be prevented by per rectal administration of Glutamine, Psyllium and Short chain fatty acids.
Use of Simultaneous Nasogastric and Nasojejunal Tubes for Proximal Intestinal Atresias - A Preliminary Report
Authors: Mahajan Jai Kumar , Yhoshu Enono
Published: May 2017

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Anterior Urethral Valve: Uncommon Association with Renal Duplicity
Authors: Ben Salem Amina , Mazhoud Ines , Laamiri Rachida , Salem Randa , Laajili Hayet , Hafsa Chiraz
Published: May 2017

Anterior urethral valves (AUVs) is an unusual cause of congenital obstruction of the male urethra, being 15–30 times less common than posterior urethral valves. We present a case of AUV diagnosed at 24th gestational week. Ultrasonography and fetal MRI revealed hydronephrotic kidneys with ureteral duplicity, a distended bladder and perineal cystic mass which confirmed dilated anterior urethra in a male fetus. Diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by voiding cystourethrogram and surgery.
An Extremely Premature Neonate with Severe Anemia
Authors: Joshi Swosti , Mulinge Ivy , Kamat Medha
Published: May 2017

Spleen rupture in an extremely premature newborn is very rare event. High index of suspicion is required to make timely diagnosis and thereafter appropriate management. We present a rare case of an extremely premature, extremely low birthweight newborn who presented with severe anemia secondary to splenic rupture. It was managed conservatively without splenectomy resulting in complete resolution of symptoms. Although non-operative management of pediatric splenic injuries is now recognized as the treatment of choice, there is very little experience in premature newborns.
Anorectal Malformations: Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Neuronal Dysfunction
Authors: Bhatia Yashika , Singh Sunita , Rattan Kamal Nain , Parmar Padam , Sahni Divya , Sen Rajeev
Published: May 2017

Objective: The patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) have been identified with specific and non-specific pathological changes. The present study was conducted with the aim to study histomorphological changes and various immunohistochemical (IHC) markers (calretinin, S-100, CD117) in intestinal wall specimens to assess neuronal dysfunction in ARM patients.Material and methods: Thirty children having ARM were included in our study. In all the cases, a representative biopsy was received. The tissue sections were processed and wax blocks were prepared. Various histopathological changes were examined on routine H&E. Representative sections were further subjected to IHC staining for ganglion cells (calretinin), interstitial cells of Cajal (CD117) and nerve bundles (S-100 protein). Descriptive variables were analyzed to assess neuronal dysfunction in cases of ARM. Chi-square was used to compare the categorical values. P-valueResults: Biopsies were studied for histological changes using H&E stain. The most frequently observed histological finding in mucosa was inflammation and congestion in 87% and 67% of cases respectively. Disrupted muscularis mucosa was observed in 60%, eroded mucosa in 57%, and hemorrhage in 40% of cases. Submucosal inflammation and congestion were most common finding observed in submucosa in 87% and 80% cases respectively. CD117 was used to demonstrate altered density and distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in cases of ARM. Majority of them belong to grade 2+ category (n=17, 57%) followed by grade 1+ (n=8, 17%) for ICC cells. Altered density and distribution of ICC was observed in ARM which was statistically significant (p=0.02).Conclusion: The malformed segments in ARM show various specific and non-specific histomorphological changes. Examination of H&E sections along with IHC stains evaluation can minimize need for repeated biopsies and unnecessary radical treatment. CD117 immunohistochemistry is reliable adjunctive test in evaluation of ICC in motility disorders of bowel. Calretinin is good marker for identification of ganglion cells. In ARM, density and distribution of ICCs is significantly altered which can explain postoperative dysmotility.
A New Trick for the Venotomy in Neonates
Authors: Benvenuti Stefano , Parolini Filippo , Alberti Daniele
Published: May 2017

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Newborn with Gastroschisis associated with Limb Anomalies
Authors: Lubinsky Mark
Published: May 2017

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Structure, Function, Involvement in Diseases and Targeting of 14-3-3 Proteins: An Update
Authors: Cau Ylenia , Valensin Daniela , Mori Mattia , Draghi Sara , Botta Maurizio
Published: May 2017

14-3-3 is a class of proteins able to interact with a multitude of targets by establishing
protein-protein interactions (PPIs). They are usually found in all eukaryotes
with a conserved secondary structure and high sequence homology among species. 14-3-3
proteins are involved in many physiological and pathological cellular processes either by
triggering or interfering with the activity of specific protein partners. In the last years, the
scientific community has collected many evidences on the role played by seven human
14-3-3 isoforms in cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, these proteins regulate
the molecular mechanisms associated to these diseases by interacting with (i) oncogenic
and (ii) pro-apoptotic proteins and (iii) with proteins involved in Parkinson and Alzheimer
diseases. The discovery of small molecule modulators of 14-3-3 PPIs could facilitate
complete understanding of the physiological role of these proteins, and might offer valuable
therapeutic approaches for these critical pathological states.
Depleted Uranium and Human Health
Authors: Faa Armando , Gerosa Clara , Fanni Daniela , Floris Giuseppe , Eyken Peter V. , Lachowicz Joanna I. , Nurchi Valeria M.
Published: May 2017

Depleted uranium (DU) is generally considered an emerging pollutant, first extensively
introduced into environment in the early nineties in Iraq, during the military operation
called “Desert Storm”. DU has been hypothesized to represent a hazardous element both for
soldiers exposed as well as for the inhabitants of the polluted areas in the war zones. In this
review, the possible consequences on human health of DU released in the environment
are critically analyzed. In the first part, the chemical properties of DU and the principal
civil and military uses are summarized. A concise analysis of the mechanisms underlying
absorption, blood transport, tissue distribution and excretion of DU in the human body is the
subject of the second part of this article. The following sections deal with pathological
condition putatively associated with overexposure to DU. Developmental and birth defects,
the Persian Gulf syndrome, and kidney diseases that have been associated to DU are the
arguments treated in the third section. Finally, data regarding DU exposure and cancer
insurgence will be critically analyzed, including leukemia/lymphoma, lung cancer, uterine
cervix cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer and testicular cancer. The aim of the authors is to
give a contribution to the debate on DU and its effects on human health and disease.
The Role of Dietary Approach in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Portincasa Piero , Lembo Antony , de Bari Ornella , Di Palo Domenica M. , Maggio Anna , Cataldo Ilaria , Calamita Giuseppe
Published: May 2017

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder of the gastrointestinal
tract and is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal diseases. In IBS multiple pathophysiological
mechanisms including alterations in intestinal motility, permeability, nutrient absorption,
and intestinal microbiota have been implicated. Foods are commonly reported by patients
to be a trigger of symptoms and therefore are likely involved in the generation of symptoms in
IBS. Among all possible therapeutic options, a first-line approach to IBS is dietary education
and identification of foods potentially responsible for the onset or worsening of symptoms. Dietary
approaches include reduction of gas-producing foods (i.e. fermentable oligo-, di-, and
monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs)), lactose and gluten. Further studies are required to
link the ultimate role of diets in different IBS subtypes.
The Food-gut Human Axis: The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome
Authors: De Angelis Maria , Garruti Gabriella , Minervini Fabio , Bonfrate Leonilde , Portincasa Piero , Gobbetti Marco
Published: May 2017

Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells as Mediators of the Crosstalk between Vascular Repair and Immunity: Lessons from Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , López Patricia , Suárez Ana
Published: May 2017

From the discovery of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC), these bone marrowderived
precursors have been placed as crucial mediators of the endothelial repair. Accordingly,
altered levels and function of EPC have been found in different scenarios of
CV risk. Despite the fact that EPC exhibit important characteristics which support a link
of this cell subset with a number of inflammatory and immune networks, little is known
on the actual mediators involved and the clinical relevance of these features. Systemic
diseases are generally hallmarked by a vascular repair failure and increased cardiovascular
disease occurrence, EPC impairment having a pivotal role. Because of their immunemediated
etiology, this group of conditions represents an invaluable scenario to unravel
the connections between immune dysregulation and EPC dysfunction. In the present review,
we summarize the current knowledge regarding the cutting-edge area of the modulation
of EPC levels and function by inflammatory cytokines in systemic diseases. We
also address the possibility of the available immunomodulatory drugs to counteract this
situation. Finally, due to the emerging role of the vitamin D as a common mediator in the
immune system and the cardiovascular axis, we cover the topic of the role of vitamin D as
a potential player in the inflammatory-mediated EPC dysfunction in systemic diseases.
CX-4945, a Selective Inhibitor of Casein Kinase 2, Synergizes with B Cell Receptor Signaling Inhibitors in Inducing Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Cell Death
Authors: Mandato Elisa , Nunes Sara Canovas , Zaffino Fortunato , Casellato Alessandro , Macaccaro Paolo , Tubi Laura Quotti , Visentin Andrea , Trentin Livio , Semenzato Gianpietro , Piazza Francesco
Published: May 2017

Background:

Approximately one third of Diffuse Large B cell Lymphomas (DLBCL)
are refractory or relapse. Novel therapeutic approaches under scrutiny include inhibitors of B-cell
receptor (BCR) signaling. Protein kinase CK2 propels survival, proliferation and stress response in
solid and hematologic malignancies and promotes a “non-oncogene addiction” phenotype. Whether
this kinase regulates BCR signaling, being a suitable pharmacological target in DLBCL, is unknown.

Objective:

The objective was to establish if CK2 controls DLBCL cell survival and the BCR signaling,
to check if the combination of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 and BCR blockers Ibrutinib and Fostamatinib
is more effectively cytotoxic for DLBCL cells than the single agents and to survey the
changes in signaling molecules downstream BCR upon CK2 inhibition.

Method:

A panel of GC and ABC DLBCL cells was treated with CX-4945 and Fostamatinib or
Ibrutinib. BCR signaling was assayed by intracellular Ca++ measurement and looking at the phosphorylation
of signaling molecules. The effects on cell survival were assessed by flow cytometry,
western blot and MTT assays.

Results:

CK2 inhibition with CX-4945 causes DLBCL cell death. CX-4945 impaired AKT phosphorylation
and intracellular Ca++ mobilization upon BCR engagement. The CK2 inhibitor acted
synergistically with either the SYK inhibitor Fostamatinib or the BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib in inducing
DLBCL cell death. CX-4945 was equally effective in GC and ABC DLBCL subtypes as well as in
“double hit” DLBCL cell lines.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest a role for CK2 downstream of the BCR in controlling survival
pathways crucial for cell growth of different DLBCL subtypes. Also, the use of CX-4945 in combination
with BCR signaling blockers could represent a novel rational therapeutic approach in the
DLBCL.
Structural Behavior of Strengthened RC Beams in Shear using CFRP Strips
Authors: Ibrahim Amer M. , Mansor Ahmed Abdullah , Hameed Muthafer
Published: May 2017

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) were widely used in strengthening of reinforced concrete members in the last few years. Experimental and theoretical investigations were carried out to find the behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear by CFRP strips. Six beams measured of 200x300x2000mm were investigated. The variables investigated in this work are orientation (vertical and inclined) and the spacing between CFRP strips.

It was found that the strengthening by CFRP strips increased the crack, yield and ultimate load by 10%, 71% and 77% respectively on average. Inclined CFRP strips show a better performance than vertical CFRP strips with same distances and increase the yield and ultimate load by 11% and 13% respectively on average. By covering all faces of specimen with CFRP strips, the yield and ultimate load increased by 82% and 95% respectively. Using the CFRP strips changed the failure model from shear to flexural by increasing the shear strength, so the ductility was increased by 198% on average. CFRP increased the strain in compression face of concrete and the value was greater than (0.003). For all strengthened specimens, there was no effect on CFRP strips.
Indicador de competitividad municipal en el Estado de México para construir un entorno competitivo
Authors: Nava-Rogel Rosa María , Cerna-Ortiz Daniel Arturo , Becerril-Torres Osvaldo Urbano
Published: May 2017

Los indicadores de competitividad son importantes a nivel municipal si son usados para desarrollar políticas públicas que impulsen un entorno más competitivo. Este estudio identifica fortalezas y debilidades de municipios del Estado de México, con características similares, a partir de la generación de un indicador de competitividad municipal. Los municipios con mayores fortalezas son los comerciales y cercanos a zonas urbanas, mientras que los más desfavorecidos son los agrícolas en zonas rurales. Se concluye que para construir un entorno más competitivo se requiere la interacción del gobierno, empresas y sociedad.
Una reflexión teórica sobre estándares de áreas verdes empleados en la planificación urbana
Authors: Flores Xolocotzi Ramiro
Published: May 2017

En este trabajo se realizó un análisis teórico, crítico y comparativo sobre el uso de estándares de superficie verde citadina empleados en la praxis de diferentes paradigmas de planificación urbana (racionalismo puro, enfoques críticos del racionalismo y planificación estratégica sustentable), el análisis pone de manifiesto que tales estándares se emplean bajo un enfoque de bienestar basados en un paradigma particular de racionalidad instrumental, lo anterior permite concluir que existen limitaciones teórico-prácticas de lo que dichos estándares quieren expresar, medir o evaluar en términos de beneficios sociales, económicos, ambientales que proveen los espacios verdes a los habitantes de las ciudades.
Mercado laboral y cambio tecnológico en el sector manufacturero de las regiones de México (2005-2014)
Authors: Calderón-Villarreal Cuauhtémoc , Huesca-Reynoso Luis , Ochoa-Adame Gloria Lizeth
Published: May 2017

En el presente artículo analizamos el impacto del cambio tecnológico sesgado (HCTS) en el mercado laboral del sector manufacturero. Para lo cual, se realizó la prueba empírica de la hipótesis del cambio tecnológico sesgado. Se estimó la elasticidad promedio de sustitución del trabajo calificado en relación con el no calificado, en el sector manufacturero de las regiones de México para el período 2005-2014; utilizamos la regionalización desarrollada por Hanson (2004). A través de este análisis se encontró que en dicho sector la demanda relativa del trabajo es más sensible al trabajo no calificado.
Integrasi Model SWAT dan SIG dalam Upaya Menekan Laju Erosi DAD Deli, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Rahmad Riki , Nurman Ali
Published: May 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan simulasi model SWAT dalam menghitung besarnya laju erosi DAS, menguji kesesuaian model dalam memprediksi erosi, serta menentukan skenario penggunaan lahan yang paling optimal menurunkan laju erosi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di DAS Deli, Sumatera Utara. Pada penelitian ini analisis SWAT dilakukan dengan bantuan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) melalui 4 proses yaitu delineasi, pembentukan Hydrological Response Unit (HRU), pengolahan data dan simulasi, serta proses visualisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besarnya erosi rata-rata DAS Deli adalah 410,72 ton/ha/tahun. Hasil ini menunjukkan DAS Deli termasuk kedalam Tingkat Bahaya Erosi (TBE) kategori Berat dengan kriteria sangat berat 37,04%, berat 17,07%, sedang 21,46%, ringan 17,38%, dan sangat ringan 7,04%. Uji validasi model menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan positif antara debit model dan observasi dimana persentase perbedaan nilainya sangat kecil yang artinya besarnya debit model hampir sangat mendekati besarnya debit observasi, serta model dikategorikan sangat baik dalam melakukan simulasi debit aliran harian pada Sungai Deli. Metode skenario adalah berdasarkan analisis TBE. Hasil skenario penggunaan lahan berhasil menurunkan laju erosi DAS Deli 34,78% menjadi 267,88 ton/ha/tahun.This study aims to conduct SWAT model simulation calculation of the rate of erosion of the watershed, testing the suitability of the model in predicting erosion, land use scenarios and determine the most optimal decrease the rate of erosion. This research was conducted in the watershed Deli, North Sumatra. In this study, SWAT analysis performed with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) through 4 delineation process, namely, the establishment of Hydrological Response Unit (HRU), data processing and simulation, as well as the visualization process. The results show the average amount of erosion DAS Deli is 410.72 ton/ha/year. These results indicate DAS Deli included into Erosion Hazard Level (TBE) weight category with very strict criteria 37.04%, 17.07% by weight, were 21.46%, 17.38% mild and very mild 7.04%. Test model validation indicates that there is a positive relationship between the discharge and observation models where the percentage difference in value is very small, which means the amount of discharge model is very very close to a number of discharge observations, and models are categorized very good at simulating the daily flow rate at the Deli River. The scenario method is based on analysis of TBE. The results of land use scenarios managed to reduce the rate of erosion of the watershed Deli 34.78% to 267.88 tons/ha/year.
HALITOSIS ACTIVITY AGAINST VSC METHYL MERCAPTAN COMPONENT FROM BURAHOL (Stelechocarpus burahol) FRUIT EXTRACT
Authors: Amin Asni , Radji Maksum , Rahardjo Anton , Mun'im Abdul
Published: May 2017

Objective: This research was conducted to prove the activity of Stelechocarpus burahol fruit (SBF) extracts against volatile sulfur compound (VSC) of methyl mercaptan in anaerobic Gram-negative oral bacteria causing halitosis.Materials and Methods: Burahol fruits were extracted by ethanol and partitioned by several solvents and then identified the chemical constituents of the extracts using phytochemical screening test and polyphenol content by spectroscopic ultraviolet instrument. The halitosis activity against VSC of methyl mercaptan component derived from anaerobic Gram-negative oral bacteria after administration of SBF extracts with a dose of 20 mg/ml was conducted in vitro using gas chromatography-oral chroma.Results: All extracts (ethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, water, and methanol) contain flavonoids and polyphenols, whereas saponin was found in all extracts except methanol. Halitosis activity shows the ethanol extract of SBF, has absorption capability against methyl mercaptan, and was higher than the other extracts, with catechins as control.Conclusion: All extracts of SBF (ethanol, ethyl acetate, butanol, water, and methanol) can inhibit and reduce VSC of methyl mercaptan causing halitosis.Keywords: Stelechocarpus burahol, Methyl mercaptan, Halitosis.