bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migratory orientation in a narrow avian hybrid zone
Authors: Toews David P.L. , Delmore Kira E. , Osmond Matthew M. , Taylor Philip D. , Irwin Darren E.
Published: April 2017

Background

Zones of contact between closely related taxa with divergent migratory routes, termed migratory divides, have been suggested as areas where hybrid offspring may have intermediate and inferior migratory routes, resulting in low fitness of hybrids and thereby promoting speciation. In the Rocky Mountains of Canada there is a narrow hybrid zone between Audubon’s and myrtle warblers that is likely maintained by selection against hybrids. Band recoveries and isotopic studies indicate that this hybrid zone broadly corresponds to the location of a possible migratory divide, with Audubon’s warblers migrating south-southwest and myrtle warblers migrating southeast. We tested a key prediction of the migratory divide hypothesis: that genetic background would be predictive of migratory orientation among warblers in the center of the hybrid zone.

Methods

We recorded fall migratory orientation of wild-caught migrating warblers in the center of the hybrid zone as measured by video-based monitoring of migratory restlessness in circular orientation chambers. We then tested whether there was a relationship between migratory orientation and genetic background, as measured using a set of species-specific diagnostic genetic markers.

Results

We did not detect a significant association between orientation and genetic background. There was large variation among individuals in orientation direction. Mean orientation was towards the NE, surprising for birds on fall migration, but aligned with the mountain valley in which the study took place.

Conclusions

Only one other study has directly analyzed migratory orientation among naturally-produced hybrids in a migratory divide. While the other study showed an association between genetic background and orientation, we did not observe such an association in yellow-rumped warblers. We discuss possible reasons, including the possibility of a lack of a strong migratory divide in this hybrid zone and/or methodological limitations that may have prevented accurate measurements of long-distance migratory orientation.
Enlarged Cavum Septi Pellucidi and Vergae in the Fetus: A Cause for Concern
Authors: Ho Yoona K. , Turley Michelle , Marc‐Aurele Krishelle L. , Jones Marilyn C. , Housman Elise , Engelkemier Dawn , Romine Lorene E. , Khanna Paritosh C. , Pretorius Dolores H.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To investigate fetal cases identified at our institution to determine whether an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae is associated with other fetal abnormalities and whether its presence warrants more detailed investigation of the fetus.

Methods

In a retrospective study, 15 high‐ and low‐risk patients undergoing prenatal sonography who had an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae identified were reviewed. Data were collected for the sonographic study indication, gestation age at diagnosis of a prominent cavum, and associated anomalies. Follow‐up outcome data regarding further imaging, karyotype, diagnosis of brain anomaly, and associated congenital abnormalities were obtained.

Results

Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Nine patients were identified as having a prominent cavum septi pellucidi, and 6 were identified as having a prominent cavum vergae. The mean gestational age ± SD was 22.7 ± 5.9 weeks. Eleven patients made it to delivery. Of the 15 patients, 4 were thought to have trisomy 21, and 13 had congenital anomalies. Outcomes included 10 major adverse outcomes, 4 cases with normal development or minor abnormalities, and 1 lost to follow‐up. An isolated dilated cavum on prenatal sonography was seen in 5 cases: 1 with lissencephaly on a neonatal examination, 3 premature deliveries (1 demise, 1 hospice, and 1 normal), and 1 unknown.

Conclusions

Our cohort had many associated clinical anomalies: 3 confirmed trisomy 21 and 1 probable trisomy 21, 2 genetic disorders, and 10 major adverse outcomes, 5 of which were grave. Although we studied a small cohort, we conclude that an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae warrants consideration of genetic counseling, which may include noninvasive prenatal testing (cell‐free DNA), amniocentesis with microarray testing, or both.
Dicas de uma chefe de departamento - Tip from a Department Chair
Authors: Shattell Mona , Schutz Vivian
Published: April 2017

Muitas vezes me encontro dando o mesmo tipo de conselho aos professores durante a minha rotina diária na Rush University. Essa parte do meu trabalho como Chefe de Departamento, comumente referenciada como “treinamento e desenvolvimento do corpo docente”, é muito mais recompensadora do que muitas outras funções a que meu cargo se propõe, como “assinar a folha de ponto”, “ava-liar o corpo docente”, “planejar e implementar o orçamento anual”, e lidar com questões curriculares e “conflitos entre docentes e discentes”. Eu, particularmente, gosto de participar e ajudar no crescimento e desenvolvimento dos professores que se encontram no inicio de sua carreira. Adoro colaborar para que venham a ser bem-sucedidos no futuro e por isso os estimulo a alcançar o máximo de seu poten-cial, o que, muitas vezes, consigo visualizar melhor do que eles pela minha expe-riência de vida e acadêmica e que, talvez, eles ainda não sejam capazes de fazer.
Fumicultura: uso de equipamento de proteção individual e intoxicação por agrotóxico Tobacco farming: use of personal protective equipment and pesticide poisoning
Authors: Casaril dos Santos Cargnin Marcia , Echer Isabel Cristina , Rosa da Silva Djulia
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: verificar o uso de Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI) e a presença de sintomas de intoxicação por agrotóxicos em fumicultores. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com fumicultores do noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil em 2012/2013 por meio de inquérito domiciliar com aplicação de entrevista. Resultados: Participaram 100 fumicultores homens com média de 46,9±10,8 anos; 97(97,0%) fizeram aplicação de agrotóxicos; 81(81,0%) relatam utilizar EPI; 20 (20,0%) apresentaram sintomas de intoxicação. Conclusões: Os trabalhadores fazem uso parcial de EPI o que pode favorecer o surgimento de problemas de saúde relacionado aos agrotóxicos. Neste sentido faz-se necessário que os trabalhadores da saúde, aliados com estes trabalhadores incorporarem na sua prática, à assistência integral a saúde englobando prevenção, promoção, assistência e notificação dos casos de intoxicação.
Sexualidade de pacientes com estomias intestinais de eliminação Sexuality of patients with bowel elimination ostomy
Authors: Moreira Wanderson Carneiro , Vera Samuel Oliveira da , Sousa Gilson Nunes de , Araújo Sarah Nilkece Mesquita , Damasceno Carolinne Kilcia Carvalho Sena , Andrade Elaine Maria Leite Rangel
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da estomia na sexualidade do indivíduo estomizado. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em um Centro Integrado de Saúde de Teresina/PI. Participaram 83 pacientes, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram coletados através de formulário estruturado, armazenados no Excel 2010 e analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas utilizando teste qui quadrado. Obteve-se aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa CAAE nº 36551714.0.0000.5512. Resultados: Foram obtidas três seções. A primeira seção, referente ao perfil da amostra, engloba os aspectos sociodemográficos dos pacientes com estomias intestinais de eliminação. A segunda seção caracteriza estes quanto a sua sexualidade, a terceira seção relaciona as características sociodemográficas com as características relacionadas a sexualidade. Conclusão: Ter uma estomia influencia diversos fatores que contribuem para o bem-estar das pessoas. A mudança da imagem corporal altera as funções psíquicas, influenciando a atividade sexual.
Cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes com condições crônicas de saúde: uma revisão integrativa Nursing care for patients with chronic health conditions: an integrative review
Authors: Da Silva Clarissa Galvão , Sena Luciana Batalha , Rolim Isaura Letícia Tavares Palmeira , Sousa Santana de Maria Alves de , Sardinha Ana Hélia de Lima
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Descrever os cuidados de enfermagem a indivíduos portadores de condição crônica de saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada por meio da busca, nos período de novembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015 com os descritores controlados: “cuidados de enfermagem”, “doença crônica” e “saúde do adulto” nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE/Pubmed, BDENF e Cochrane. Sete estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, prevalecendo dentre eles os estudos transversais. Resultados: Os cuidados de enfermagem identificados nos estudos avaliados foram: diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem, consultas de enfermagem, prática com a tecnologia, avaliação de cuidados de paciente com doença crônica, qualidade da assistência, relação profissional e cliente, procedimentos técnicos e habilidades emocionais. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os cuidados encontrados seguiram diferentes conteúdos, evidenciando a necessidade de padronização no uso da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem. Descritores: Cuidados de enfermagem, Doença crônica, Saúde do adulto.
Biomarkers to Inform Prognosis and Treatment for Unresectable or Metastatic GEP-NENs
Authors: Loree Jonathan M. , Chan David , Lim Jennifer , Stuart Heather , Fidelman Nicolas , Koea Jonathan , Posavad Jason , Cummins Meredith , Doucette Sarah , Myrehaug Sten , Naraev Boris , Bailey Dale L. , Bellizzi Andrew , Laidley David , Boyle Veronica , Goodwin Rachel , del Rivero Jaydi , Michael Michael , Pasieka Janice , Singh Simron
Published: October 2024

Importance

Evidence-based treatment decisions for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) require individualized patient-centered decision-making that accounts for patient and cancer characteristics.

Objective

To create an accessible guidance document to educate clinicians and patients on biomarkers informing prognosis and treatment in unresectable or metastatic GEP-NENs.

Methods

A multidisciplinary panel in-person workshop was convened to define methods. English language articles published from January 2016 to January 2023 in PubMed (MEDLINE) and relevant conference abstracts were reviewed to investigate prognostic and treatment-informing features in unresectable or metastatic GEP-NENs. Data from included studies were used to form evidence-based recommendations. Quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. Consensus was reached via electronic survey following a modified Delphi method.

Findings

A total of 131 publications were identified, including 8 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 6 randomized clinical trials, 29 prospective studies, and 88 retrospective cohort studies. After 2 rounds of surveys, 24 recommendations and 5 good clinical practice statements were developed, with full consensus among panelists. Recommendations focused on tumor and functional imaging characteristics, blood-based biomarkers, and carcinoid heart disease. A single strong recommendation was made for symptomatic carcinoid syndrome informing treatment in midgut neuroendocrine tumors. Conditional recommendations were made to use grade, morphology, primary site, and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic levels to inform treatment. The guidance document was endorsed by the Commonwealth Neuroendocrine Tumour Collaboration and the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society.

Conclusions and Relevance

The study results suggest that select factors have sufficient evidence to inform care in GEP-NENs, but the evidence for most biomarkers is weak. This article may help guide management and identify gaps for future research to advance personalized medicine and improve outcomes for patients with GEP-NENs.
Diabetic Retinopathy in Youths—A Potentially Unappreciated Public Health Catastrophe
Authors: Rosenthal Julie M. , Sun Jennifer K. , Wolf Risa M.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the prevalence of youth-onset diabetes and the associated rates of diabetic retinopathy and addresses the need for surveillance of patients with youth-onset diabetes.
Non‐gonadal expression of piRNAs is widespread across Arthropoda
Authors: Yamashita Takahisa , Komenda Krystian , Miłodrowski Rafał , Robak Dominik , Szrajer Szymon , Gaczorek Tomasz , Ylla Guillem
Published: October 2024

PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were discovered in the early 2000s and became known for their role in protecting the germline genome against mobile genetic elements. Successively, piRNAs were also detected in the somatic cells of gonads in multiple animal species. In recent years, piRNAs have been reported in non‐gonadal tissues in various arthropods, contrary to the initial assumptions of piRNAs being exclusive to gonads. Here, we performed an extensive literature review, which revealed that reports on non‐gonadal somatic piRNA expression are not limited to a few specific species. Instead, when multiple studies are considered collectively, it appears to be a widespread phenomenon across arthropods. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed 168 publicly available small RNA‐seq datasets from diverse tissues in 17 species, which further supported the bibliographic reports that piRNAs are expressed across tissues and species in Arthropoda.
Superprotonic Conductivity in Hexagonal and Tetragonal Cesium Hydroxide Hydrate
Authors: Rodenburg Hendrik P. , Stainer Florian , Draijer Koen M. , Ni Hailan , Spychala Jonas , Artrith Nongnuch , Wilkening H. Martin R. , Ngene Peter
Published: October 2024

Solid‐state proton conductors with high conductivity at intermediate temperatures (100–300 °C) have recently gained attention due to their potential for a wide range of new electrochemical applications. The proton conductivity of cesium hydroxide hydrate (CsOH.H2O) is reported on, a superprotonic conductor whose ionic conductivity is hitherto unreported. Via a thermal treatment, the hexagonal and tetragonal CsOH.H2O phases are prepared and the effect of the degree of hydration (H2O content) on the structure and proton conductivity is investigated. It is shown that the temperature in the thermal treatment has an enormous influence on the structure and water content, and consequently, the proton transport. The conductivity of the hexagonal and tetragonal phases exceeds 3 × 103 S cm−1 at 30 °C and 10−2 S cm−1 at 120 °C, making them potentially suitable for both low‐ and intermediate‐temperature electrochemical applications. 1H NMR spin‐lattice relaxation rate measurements reveal fast dynamic processes with rates reaching the GHz regime, resulting in diffusion coefficients as high as 1.3 × 10−11 m2 s−1 at 60 °C, in good agreement with the proton conductivity results derived from impedance spectroscopy. These findings will inspire the development of novel inorganic solid proton conductors based on hydroxide hydrates.
Thin Film Electrostatic Adsorption Damper Based on Triboelectric High‐Voltage
Authors: Lai Zhemin , Shen Junyao , Zhao Haohan , Jiang Yongkang , Cheng Xiangrong , Yang Bo , Ji Linhong , Yang Ze , Cheng Jia
Published: October 2024

In response to the technical challenge of sustainably powering electrostatic adsorption systems requiring voltages exceeding several thousand volts, a thin film electrostatic adsorption damper (EAD) based on triboelectric high‐voltage is proposed. The core concept of the EAD relies on utilizing the changeable electrostatic force propelled by a rotary freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (RF‐TENG) to achieve a variable stiffness effect akin to artificial muscle. By adjusting the voltage in accordance with the electrostatic force, the variable stiffness and equivalent damping coefficient can be changed, realizing an electrically controllable damping effect. The modification of dynamic adsorption properties and equivalent damping of the EAD is successfully achieved by investigating a 1D mass‐spring‐EAD vibration system, demonstrating that the damping coefficient can be adjusted from 0.1 to 5 Ns m−1 at different RF‐TENG rotation speeds. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the EAD is validated through the design and testing of a fish‐like scale structure, a joint with variable stiffness, and a heavy‐load lifter. This triboelectric high‐voltage‐based EAD presents a novel approach to sustainable power supply for electrostatic adsorption, which holds significant potential for diverse applications such as advanced cloth defense, artificial muscle technologies, load lifting operations, etc.
Removing Homocoupling Defects in Alkoxy/Alkyl‐PBTTT Enhances Polymer:Fullerene Co‐Crystal Formation and Stability
Authors: Liu Zhen , Vanderspikken Jochen , Mantegazza Paola , Moro Stefania , Hamid Mouna , Mertens Sigurd , Van den Brande Niko , Lutsen Laurence , Lemaur Vincent , Beljonne David , Costantini Giovanni , Vandewal Koen , Van Mele Bruno , Maes Wouter , Goderis Bart
Published: October 2024

C14‐alkoxy/alkyl PBTTT‐OR‐R, a derivative of the prototype PBTTT polymer, is relevant for optoelectronic applications because it combines PBTTT‐like intercalation behavior with enhanced charge‐transfer absorption at longer wavelengths. Additionally, fundamental insights are achieved by comparing this alternating conjugated polymer in the presence and absence of homocoupling defects. While the homocoupling‐free oxidative variant, PBTTT‐OR‐R(O), as well as the Stille polymer with 19% homocoupling defects, PBTTT‐OR‐R(S), can both form co‐crystals when stoichiometrically mixed with PC61BM, the co‐crystal of the latter shows properties which are highly dependent on the thermal processing conditions because of the presence of these defects. The PBTTT‐OR‐R(S):PC61BM co‐crystal shows a low thermal stability and PC61BM can progressively be expelled upon heating. In cooling from the melt and depending on the cooling rate, mixtures of PBTTT‐OR‐R(S) and PC61BM show a competition between co‐crystallization (fast cooling) and separate crystallization (slow cooling). The PBTTT‐OR‐R(O):PC61BM co‐crystal is much more stable up to at least 260 °C and is not influenced by the applied cooling rate. These findings also translate to the device level. The performance of PBTTT‐OR‐R:PC61BM photodiodes is severely deteriorated after isothermal annealing in case of PBTTT‐OR‐R(S), whereas the thermally robust co‐crystals of PBTTT‐OR‐R(O) allow a more flexible design of optimized devices.
Multifunctional Wearable Conductive Nanofiber Membrane with Antibacterial and Breathable Ability for Superior Sensing, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Thermal Management
Authors: Yang Wenke , Pan Duo , Liu Shun , Jia Gaoen , Wang Yalong , Liu Hu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of bioscience and technology, wearable electronic devices are developing toward advanced trends such as flexibility, convenience, multifunctionality, and user‐friendliness. Herein, polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) is employed for assisting the strong binding of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with polyimide nanofiber (PIF) to obtain the durable PIAgS conductive nanofiber membrane with antibacterial and hydrophobic ability. Owing to the porous fiber skeleton of nanofiber membrane and good interface adhesion, AgNPs can be homogeneously anchored onto fiber surface to construct stable and perfect 3D conductive network with an ultrahigh conductivity of up to 2102.7 S/m, enabling multifunctionality of the resultant conductive nanofiber membrane with superior bioelectric signal (EMG/ECG) sensing, pressure sensing (S = 1.45 kPa−1, 100 kPa) for deep learning assisted gesture recognition, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding (18757.8 dB·cm2·g−1), and electric heating (12.2 °C/V2) performances. Furthermore, as a multifunctional wearable electronic device, the antimicrobial ability of AgNPs and breathability of nanofiber membrane can ensure its sufficient wearing safety and comfort. Importantly, the inherent weathering resistance of PINF and SEBS also endows it with excellent stability and broad service life. Taken together, the designed conductive nanofiber membrane possesses great application potential for next‐generation multifunctional wearable electronic device with excellent stability and wide applicability.
Tailoring the Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction of Single‐Atom Platinum Catalysts for Boosting Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Shui Ziyi , Zhang Fenglian , Yang Hongling , Zhao Mengfei , Zhao Zeyu , Li Ganggang , Wei Zheng , Jiang Guoxia , Zhang Zhongshen , Hao Zhengping
Published: October 2024

Exploring electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI) in heterogeneous catalysis is significant for developing efficient supported metal catalysts. Herein, single‐atom Pt1/CeO2 catalysts possessing diverse local structures and coordination environments are convincingly fabricated via ALD technique for the water‐gas shift reaction (WGSR). The PtCe‐2 catalyst obtained after two ALD cycles is primarily composed of Pt1 coordinated to five oxygen atoms (Pt5c), while the PtCe‐6 catalyst is dominated by Pt3c configuration. The PtCe‐2 catalyst exhibits an H2 production rate ≈2.4 times higher than that of PtCe‐6 at 250 °C. The combined experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that the atomic location‐induced strong EMSI weakens the adsorption strength of CO on Pt5c, subsequently lowering the energy barrier for the crucial intermediate step of CO conversion. This study elucidates the effect of EMSI in the WGSR, and provides new insights for the rational design of efficient single‐atom catalysts.
Nanoengineered Neutrophil as 19F‐MRI Tracer for Alert Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Li Sha , Zhang Lei , Xu Qiuyi , Sui Meiju , Xiao Long , Chen Daiqin , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Zhou Xin , Chen Shizhen
Published: October 2024

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe complication in clinical settings. Alert diagnosis and severity assessment of ALI is pivotal to ensure curative treatment and increase survival rates. However, the development of a precise ALI diagnostic strategy remains a pending task. Here, leveraging neutrophil's inflammation‐homing and physiological barrier‐navigating capability, a facile strategy is proposed for achieving targeted 19F‐MRI detection of ALI based on the nanoengineered neutrophil internalized with perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (Neu@PFC). The remodeling process poses a negligible impact on the neutrophil's inherent activation and transmigration functions. The migratory behavior of Neu@PFC toward pneumonia is confirmed in vivo using an LPS‐induced ALI murine model. Direct intratracheal (i.t.) administration contributes to a vast deposition of Neu@PFC within the lung, allowing for real‐time 19F‐MRI visualization and the potential to predict progressive pneumonia. Furthermore, intravenous (i.v.) administration of Neu@PFC enables quantitative assessment of the extent of ALI due to the chemokine‐guided neutrophil migration. This study not only provides a pathway to diagnose ALI, but also sheds light on the neutrophil recruitment and activation cues in different tissues and inflammatory conditions, which is a prerequisite for developing potential therapeutic approaches.
Enhancing Resistance to Wetting Transition through the Concave Structures
Authors: Lee Jinhoon , Park Jinwoo , Jung Kwang Hui , Lee Seunghyun , Lee Jeong Jun , Wooh Sanghyuk , Lee Dong Woog
Published: October 2024

Water‐repellent superhydrophobic surfaces are ubiquitous in nature. The fundamental understanding of bio/bio‐inspired structures facilitates practical applications surmounting metastable superhydrophobicity. Typically, the hierarchical structure and/or reentrant morphology have been employed hitherto to suppress the Cassie‐Baxter to Wenzel transition (CWT). Herein, a new design concept is reported, an effect of concave structure, which is vital for the stable superhydrophobic surface. The thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of the concave pillars are evaluated by continuous exposure to various hydrostatic pressures and sudden impacts of water droplets with various Weber numbers (We), comparing them to the standard superhydrophobic normal pillars. Specifically, the concave pillar exhibits reinforced impact resistance preventing CWT below a critical We of ≈27.6, which is ≈1.6 times higher than that of the normal pillar (≈17.0). Subsequently, the stability of underwater air film (plastron) is investigated at various hydrostatic pressures. The results show that convex air caps formed at the concave cavities generate downward Laplace pressure opposing the exerted hydrostatic pressure between the pillars, thus impeding the hydrostatic pressure‐dependent underwater air diffusion. Hence, the effects of trapped air caps contributing to the stable Cassie‐Baxter state can offer a pioneering strategy for the exploration and utilization of superhydrophobic surfaces.
Ultrafast Silicon/Graphene Optical Nonlinear Activator for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhou Ziwen , Liu Chen , Zhao Weiwei , Liu Jingze , Jiang Ting , Peng Wenyi , Xiong Jiawang , Wu Hao , Zhang Chi , Ding Yunhong , Da Ros Francesco , Xu Xingyuan , Xu Kun , Yan Siqi , Tang Ming
Published: October 2024

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have shown great promise in overcoming the speed and efficiency bottlenecks of artificial neural networks. However, the absence of high‐speed, energy‐efficient nonlinear activators significantly impedes the advancement of ONNs and their extension to ultrafast application scenarios like real‐time intelligent signal processing. In this work, a novel silicon/graphene ultrafast all‐optical nonlinear activator, leveraging the hybrid integration of silicon slot waveguides, plasmonic slot waveguides, and monolayer graphene is demonstrated. Exploiting the exceptional picosecond‐scale photogenerated carrier relaxation time of graphene, the response time of the activator is markedly reduced to ≈93.6 ps, establishing all‐optical activator as the fastest known in silicon photonics to knowledge. Moreover, the all‐optical nonlinear activator holds a low threshold power of 5.49 mW and a corresponding power consumption per activation of 0.51 pJ. Its feasibility and capability for use in ONNs, manifesting performance comparable with commonly used activation functions are experimentally confirmed. This breakthrough in speed and energy efficiency of all‐optical nonlinear activators opens the door to significant improvements in the performance and applicability of ONNs.
Pyrazine‐Based Chiral AIE Electronic Acceptors for Real‐Time Monitoring Hierarchical Self‐Assembly and Tuning Emissions through Intermolecular Charge‐Transfer Effects
Authors: He Xiang , Xie Meizhu , Hong Yingjuan , Zheng Canze , Deng Xin , Qiu Siyuan , Li Kai , Chen Ming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2024

Development of chiral aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials toward hierarchical self‐assembly is crucial to reveal the origin and evolution of life. In this work, a pair of chiral AIE enantiomers is fabricated by attaching the typical AIE units to the chiral binaphthyl core via a single bond linkage. The AIE behavior is inherited from the introduced AIE unit while the binaphthyl unit can not only improve the photo‐physical properties but also provide the whole molecules with chirality. Moreover, as driven by the dipolar structure and chirality of the AIEgens, the hierarchical self‐assembly with different morphologies such as spheres, ribbons or fibers, flowers, and even bigger structures with various sizes can be dynamically monitored with the assembled time, which provided a favorable evidence to study the structural evolution from molecular level to a higher‐level structure. On the other hand, these AIEgens can act strong electronic acceptors due to the introduced AIE unit. By complexing them with strong electronic donors, the resulting intermolecular charge transfer can induce remarkable red emissions with the tunable properties which is much different from their individuals. This enabled it as a facile, economic, and flexible approach to develop organic photoelectric materials.
Flexible PET/Carbon/NiFe‐LDH Electrode for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water‐Splitting
Authors: Velásquez Carlos A. , Patiño Juan J. , Ballestas Kevin , Montoya Juan F. , Ramírez Daniel , Jaramillo Franklin
Published: October 2024

The development of low‐cost, readily scalable catalytic systems for green hydrogen production is crucial for diverse research and industrial applications. This work demonstrates the facile coupling of carbon/NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates deposited by blade coating and spray coating techniques. These low‐temperature solution processes enable high‐throughput electrode fabrication. The resulting carbon electrode exhibits sheet resistance of 25 Ω sq−1, comparable to other state‐of‐the‐art works, and displays excellent adhesion to the substrate and catalyst layer, thereby ensuring system stability. Remarkably, the developed electrode exhibits high catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), achieving an overpotential of 215.9 and 267.4 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in rigid and flexible substrates respectively, and maintaining its performance even at 10 mA cm−2 for 24 h. This work highlights the potential of this methodology for producing readily transportable, flexible electrocatalytic systems with exceptional performance and minimal surface treatment of the substrate. Additionally, the use of low‐cost, readily recyclable PET plastic aligns with the principles of circular economy, promoting the integration of this platform into both research and industrial environments.
Noise‐Aware Active Learning to Develop High‐Temperature Shape Memory Alloys with Large Latent Heat
Authors: Tian Yuan , Hu Bin , Dang Pengfei , Pang Jianbo , Zhou Yumei , Xue Dezhen
Published: October 2024

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) with large latent heat absorbed/released during phase transformation at elevated temperatures benefit their potential application on thermal energy storage (TES) in high temperature environment like power plants, etc. The desired alloys can be designed quickly by searching the vast component space of doped NiTi‐based SMAs via data‐driven method, while be challenging with the noisy experimental data. A noise‐aware active learning strategy is proposed to accelerate the design of SMAs with large latent heat at elevated phase transformation temperatures based on noisy data. The optimal noise level is estimated by minimizing the model error with incorporation of a range of noise levels as noise hyper‐parameters into the noise‐aware Kriging model. The employment of this strategy leads to the discovery of the alloy with latent heat of –36.08 J g−1, 9.2% larger than the best value (–33.04 J g−1) in the original training dataset within another four experiments. Additionally, the alloy represents high austenite finish temperature (481.71°C) and relatively small hysteresis. This promotes the latent heat TES application of SMAs in high temperature circumstance. It is expected that the noise‐aware approach can be convenient for the accelerated materials design via the data‐driven method with noisy data.
Constructing benzothiadiazole‐based donor‒acceptor covalent organic frameworks for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Huang Yanchang , Gao Bin , Huang Qihang , Ma De‐Li , Wu Hongwei , Qian Cheng
Published: October 2024

Donor‒acceptor covalent organic frameworks (D‒A COFs) have been regarded as promising materials for photocatalytic water splitting because of their tunable band gaps. However, their efficiency is hindered by fast charge recombination and low photostability. Herein, we proposed a donor structural engineering strategy for improving the photocatalytic activity of D‒A COFs to tackle these problems. Two benzothiadiazole‐based D‒A COFs (DHU‐COF‐BB and DHU‐COF‐BP) with distinct donors were prepared for photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER). As a comparison, DHU‐COF‐TB without benzothiadiazole moieties was also designed and synthesized. Impressively, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of DHU‐COF‐BB reaches 12.80 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation (≥420 nm), which was nearly 2.0 and 3.1 times higher than that of DHU‐COF‐BP (6.47 mmol g−1 h−1) and DHU‐COF‐TB (4.06 mmol g−1 h−1), respectively. In addition, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of DHU‐COF‐BB was up to 5.04% at 420 nm. Photocatalytic and electrochemical measurements indicate that the enhanced hydrogen evolution activity of DHU‐COF‐BB can be ascribed to the introduction of appropriate benzene moiety into the donors, which increases the charge separation efficiency and thereby suppresses the electron‒hole recombination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that both triphenylamine and benzothiadiazole units are the main active sites for HER over the DHU‐COF‐BB. This work provides new insight into the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of D‒A COFs by a donor structural engineering strategy.
Integrating self‐assembled supramolecular organic frameworks with inorganic semiconductors for infrared photodetection
Authors: Gao Zheng , Jiang Shu‐Yan , Huang Peihao , Chen Yao , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Zhao Hongquan , Wei Xingzhan , Shi Haofei , Zhao Xin , Xiao Zeyun
Published: October 2024

The surface coverage of two‐dimensional (2D) materials has been a challenge, requiring facile growth of conformal 2D materials as well as considerations for transparency, energy level, and interface contact. Self‐assembly holds promise for addressing this challenge by constructing precisely structured 2D assemblies using intentionally designed building blocks, guided by diverse noncovalent interactions. In this study, we utilize a self‐assembled 2D supramolecular organic framework (SOF) to cloak inorganic semiconductors and form composite materials for infrared photodetection. The charged SOF backbone regulates the energy levels, facilitating the migration of electrons at the organic‐inorganic interface. Additionally, the oxygen (O) of the ethylene glycol chains forms coordination bonds with the Pb(II) in the inorganic semiconductor, establishing ohmic contacts. The composite device shows excellent detectivity under 500 K blackbody and 1550 nm infrared illumination, achieving D*bb(500 K) of 6.3 × 109 Jones under 500 K blackbody radiation. Moreover, the device exhibits low noise due to the SOF potential barrier impeding the photogenerated and/or thermally excited holes, and high stability as a result of bonding and passivation of vacancy defects. This study showcases the versatile functionality of 2D SOF materials in the field of optoelectronics, opening doors to innovative advancements in composite devices through a self‐assembled organic–inorganic approach.
Periodic Paralysis in a Child With Thermosensitive Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Deficiency
Authors: Al‐Amrani Fatema , Ruiter Jos P. N. , Doolaard Mirjam , Kumar Alok , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Al‐Thihli Khalid
Published: October 2024

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency is a fatty acid oxidation disorder associated with a spectrum of phenotypes. Patients with high residual enzyme activity tend to have milder phenotypes, and recently, fever‐induced episodic myopathy was reported in association with a thermosensitive form of MTP deficiency. We report a 10‐year‐old male with recurrent episodes of acute flaccid paralysis involving upper and lower extremities in association with bulbar muscle weakness in the context of febrile illness, a phenotype reminiscent of recurrent periodic paralysis. The episodes started at the age of 3 years and have always been followed by full recovery within 1–2 weeks with no residual weakness. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous c.2132C > T, p.(Pro711Leu) variant in HADHA. The variant leads to mildly reduced long‐chain hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and long‐chain ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase (LCKAT) enzyme activities and reduced MTP protein expression in patient's fibroblasts when cultured at 37°C. Enzyme activities and MTP protein expression diminished when fibroblasts were cultured at 40°C. This is the first published report of confirmed recurrent periodic paralysis as a manifestation of a thermosensitive form of MTP deficiency, and it calls for this condition to be considered when evaluating patients with recurrent periodic paralysis given therapeutic implications.
Sociotechnical governance of misinformation: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Sanfilippo Madelyn Rose , Zhu Xiaohua Awa , Yang Shengan
Published: October 2024

Misinformation is a complex and urgent sociotechnical problem that requires meaningful governance, in addition to technical efforts aimed at detection or classification and intervention or literacy efforts aimed at promoting awareness and identification. This review draws on interdisciplinary literature—spanning information science, computer science, management, law, political science, public policy, journalism, communications, psychology, and sociology—to deliver an adaptable, descriptive governance model synthesized from past scholarship on the governance of misinformation. Crossing disciplines and contexts of study and cases, we characterize: the complexity and impact of misinformation as a governance challenge, what has been managed and governed relative to misinformation, the institutional structure of different governance parameters, and empirically identified sources of success and failure in different governance models. Our approach to support this review is based on systematic, structured literature review methods to synthesize and compare insights drawn from conceptual, qualitative, and quantitative empirical works published in or translated into English from 1991 to the present. This review contributes a model for misinformation governance research, an agenda for future research, and recommendations for contextually‐responsive and holistic governance.
A novel peptide fluorescent chemical sensor capable of detecting Cu2+, Zn2+, and S2−
Authors: Ren Yixuan , Hao Chaowei , Yu Chenyi , Liu Shuijuan , Wang Nan , Wu Jiang
Published: October 2024

A novel peptide‐based chemical fluorescence sensor L (Dansyl‐His‐Pro‐Thr‐Cys‐NH2) was designed and synthesized. This sensor exhibits an “On–Off–On” detection cycle to detect Cu2+, Zn2+, and S2− in solution. According to the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism, when Zn2+ is present, the fluorescence is significantly enhanced and a blue shift occurs, representing a “Turn‐On” phase of the fluorescence detection mode. Because copper ions (Cu2+) have a paramagnetic quenching sensing mechanism, the fluorescence of L quenches rapidly with the formation of the L‐Cu system, representing the “Turn‐Off” phase. The subsequent introduction of S2− to the L‐Cu system results in the recovery of the L‐fluorescence, thereby representing the second “Turn‐On” phase. As a peptide molecule, the sensor L has several advantages over other types of sensors, including water solubility, high sensitivity, and good biocompatibility, with a very low detection limit. The detection lines of Zn2+ and Cu2+ are 97 nM (R = 0.993) and 75 nM (R = 0.995), respectively. Additionally, the sensor does not exhibit any obvious cell toxicity. These results indicate that this peptide chemiluminescent sensor has the potential to be applied in in vivo detection.
When excessive service turns bad: Service alignment for transaction‐specific needs
Authors: Kim Kawon , Oh Haemoon
Published: October 2024

Service firms strive to meet and exceed customers' expectations, but more services are not always welcome. To answer the question why extra services may not always lead to positive service evaluations, we examined the effectiveness of service alignment with transaction‐specific needs as a reference standard for service evaluations and challenged the central tenet of expectancy disconfirmation theory. The service alignment model was experimentally evaluated in a normal service (Study 1) and a service failure setting (Study 2). We found that service evaluations depend critically on the degree to which services are aligned to the customer's transaction‐specific needs and that this finding was generalizable across normal and service failure situations. Study 3 addresses the question of whether the three step behavioral process (i.e., comparison antecedents ➔ disconfirmation ➔ evaluations) of expectancy disconfirmation theory is tenable when applied to a different comparison standard (i.e., transaction‐specific needs). We discuss the new boundary conditions of expectancy disconfirmation theory and provide suggestions for future investigations.
One‐month DAPT after biodegradable‐polymer everolimus‐eluting stent implantation in women at high‐bleeding risk: Insights from the POEM trial
Authors: Maurina Matteo , Pivato Carlo Andrea , Kunadian Vijay , Testa Luca , Briguori Carlo , Pacchioni Andrea , Latini Alessia Chiara , Cesani Nicola , Piccolo Raffale , Musto Carmine , Sardella Gennaro , Indolfi Ciro , Regazzoli Damiano , Paradies Valeria , Stefanini Giulio
Published: October 2024

Aims

We conducted a prespecified subanalysis of the POEM trial to assess the association between sex and clinical outcomes following a short 1‐month dual‐antiplatelet‐therapy (DAPT) period after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bioresorbable polymer everolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐EES) among patients at high bleeding risk (HBR).

Background

Shortening the DAPT period after PCI is an effective bleeding avoidance strategy with contemporary drug‐eluting stents. Whether sex affects the risk of adverse events following PCI is still debated.

Methods

Patients at HBR undergoing PCI with BP‐EES were enrolled and treated with 1‐month DAPT. If anticoagulation was needed, study participants received an oral anticoagulant (OAC) in addition to a P2Y12 inhibitor for 1 month, followed by OAC only thereafter. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or definite/probable stent thrombosis at 12 months. We report sex‐based outcomes of patients included in the POEM study.

Results

We enrolled 129 (29.1%) women and 314 (70.9%) men. Women were older, with lower hemoglobin levels, and worse renal function. Accordingly, they had a trend for a greater number of HBR criteria fulfilled and a higher PARIS bleeding score. However, they were not at a significantly higher risk for the primary endpoint (men vs. women: 5.17% vs. 3.94%; HR 1.30; 95% CI: 0.48‐3.54, p = 0.61), or any of the hemorrhagic and ischemic secondary endpoints.

Conclusions

This prespecified subanalysis of the POEM trial suggests that 1‐month DAPT following PCI with BP‐EES may be a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for women at HBR.
Gut microbiota of miR‐30a‐5p‐deleted mice aggravate high‐fat diet‐induced hepatic steatosis by regulating arachidonic acid metabolic pathway
Authors: Wang Ruiying , Zhang Xiaocheng , Wang Yutian , Lin Yijun , Zhou Yuling , Wang Yan , Li Gang
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often exhibit hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia. Studies have shown that intestinal microorganisms are closely related to the occurrence of NAFLD and atherosclerosis. Our previous study has underscored the protective role of microRNA‐30a‐5p (miR‐30a‐5p) against atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanism of the intestinal microorganisms of miR‐30a‐5p knockout (KO) mice on NAFLD. Our findings demonstrated that KO exacerbated high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced hepatic steatosis and disrupted liver function, as evidenced by elevated levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and total bile acids in serum. Fecal microbiota from HFD‐fed KO mice induced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and higher levels of enzymes indicative of liver damage in wild‐type mice. Remarkably, KO mice significantly intensified the above effects. 16s rDNA sequencing and metabolomics of the intestinal microbiota in the HFD‐treated KO and WT mice showed that the loss of miR‐30a‐5p resulted in intestinal microbiota imbalance and was highly related to the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Targeted metabolomic in the liver tissues unveiled upregulation of COX‐related (PGF2a, 8‐iso‐PGF2a and PGF2) and LOX‐related (LTB4, LTD4, 12S‐HETE and 15S‐HETE) factors in HFD‐treated KO mice. Immunohistochemistry and transcriptional analyses showed that miR‐30a‐5p affected arachidonic acid metabolism through the LOX/COX pathways. Besides, COX/LOX pathways and hepatic steatosis were reversed after reintroducing miR‐30a‐5p in HFD‐treated KO mice.

Conclusions

This study reveals the pivotal mechanism by which miR‐30a‐5p and intestinal microbes regulate hepatic steatosis and abnormal lipid metabolism, offering promising avenues for NAFLD and atherosclerosis therapeutics.

Highlights

MiR‐30a‐5p deletion aggravated hepatic steatosis and lipid disorder induced by an HFD in mice. Gut microbiota participated in the regulation of hepatic steatosis in the context of miR‐30a‐5p. Gut microbiota metabolism‐related arachidonic acid metabolic pathway contributed to miR‐30a‐5p‐regulated hepatic steatosis and lipid disorder. Reintroducing miR‐30a‐5p reversed hepatic steatosis and arachidonic acid metabolism disorder caused by HFD and miR‐30a‐5p deletion.
O‐GlcNAcylation promotes malignancy and cisplatin resistance of lung cancer by stabilising NRF2
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Sun Changning , Ma Leina , Xiao Guokai , Gu Yuchao , Yu Wengong
Published: October 2024

Background

The transcription factor NRF2 plays a significant role in regulating genes that protect cells from oxidative damage. O‐GlcNAc modification, a type of posttranslational modification, is crucial for cellular response to stress. Although the involvement of both NRF2 and O‐GlcNAc in maintaining cellular redox balance and promoting cancer malignancy has been demonstrated, the potential mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods

The immunoblotting, luciferase reporter, ROS assay, co‐immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence was used to detect the effects of global cellular O‐GlcNAcylation on NRF2. Mass spectrometry was utilised to map the O‐GlcNAcylation sites on NRF2, which was validated by site‐specific mutagenesis and O‐GlcNAc enzymatic labelling. Human lung cancer samples were employed to verify the association between O‐GlcNAc and NRF2. Subsequently, the impact of NRF2 O‐GlcNAcylation in lung cancer malignancy and cisplatin resistance were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Results

NRF2 is O‐GlcNAcylated at Ser103 residue, which hinders its binding to KEAP1 and thus enhances its stability, nuclear localisation, and transcription activity. Oxidative stress and cisplatin can elevate the phosphorylation of OGT at Thr444 through the activation of AMPK kinase, leading to enhanced binding of OGT to NRF2 and subsequent elevation of NRF2 O‐GlcNAcylation. Both in cellular and xenograft mouse models, O‐GlcNAcylation of NRF2 at Ser103 promotes the malignancy of lung cancer. In human lung cancer tissue samples, there was a significant increase in global O‐GlcNAcylation, and elevated levels of NRF2 and its O‐GlcNAcylation compared to paired adjacent normal tissues. Chemotherapy promotes NRF2 O‐GlcNAcylation, which in turn decreases cellular ROS levels and drives lung cancer cell survival.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that OGT O‐GlcNAcylates NRF2 at Ser103, and this modification plays a role in cellular antioxidant, lung cancer malignancy, and cisplatin resistance.