bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmological parameters from the likelihood analysis of the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum in real space
Authors: Oddo Andrea , Rizzo Federico , Sefusatti Emiliano , Porciani Cristiano , Monaco Pierluigi
Published: November 2021

We present a joint likelihood analysis of the halo power spectrum and bispectrum in real space. We take advantage of a large set of numerical simulations and of an even larger set of halo mock catalogs to provide a robust estimate of the covariance properties. We derive constraints on bias and cosmological parameters assuming a theoretical model from perturbation theory at one-loop for the power spectrum and tree-level for the bispectrum. By means of the Deviance Information Criterion, we select a reference bias model dependent on seven parameters that can describe the data up to k
max,P = 0.3 h Mpc-1 for the power spectrum and k
max,B = 0.09 h Mpc-1 for the bispectrum at redshift z = 1. This model is able to accurately recover three selected cosmological parameters even for the rather extreme total simulation volume of 1000h
-3 Gpc3. With the same tools, we study how relations among bias parameters can improve the fit while reducing the parameter space. In addition, we compare common approximations to the covariance matrix against the full covariance estimated from the mocks, and quantify the (non-negligible) effect of ignoring the cross-covariance between the two statistics. Finally, we explore different selection criteria for the triangular configurations to include in the analysis, showing that excluding nearly equilateral triangles rather than simply imposing a fixed maximum k
max,B on all triangle sides can lead to a better exploitation of the information contained in the bispectrum.
Quantum gravity effects on spectroscopy of Kerr-Newman black hole in gravity’s rainbow
Authors: Liu Cheng-Zhou , Tao Jin-Jun
Published: November 2021

The effects of quantum gravity on spectroscopy for the charged rotating gravity’s rainbow are investigated in this paper. By utilizing an action invariant obtained from particles tunneling through the event horizon, the entropy and area spectrum for the modified Kerr-Newman black hole are derived. The equally spaced entropy spectrum characteristic of Bekenstein’s original derivation is recovered. And, the entropy spectrum is independent of the energy of the test particles, although the gravity’s rainbow itself is the energy dependent. Such that, the quantum gravity effects of gravity’s rainbow has no influence on the entropy spectrum. On the other hand, due to the spacetime quantum effects, the obtained area spectrum is different from the original Bekenstein spectrum. It is not equidistant and is dependent on the horizon area. And that, by analyzing the area spectrum from a specific rainbow function, a minimum area with a Planck scale is derived for the event horizon. At this point, the area quantum is zero and the black hole radiation stops. Thus, the black hole remnant for the gravity’s rainbow is obtained from the area quantization. In addition, the entropy for the modified Kerr-Newman black hole is calculated and the quantum correction to the area law is obtained and discussed.
Effects of brain-computer interface with functional electrical stimulation for gait rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis patients: preliminary findings in gait speed and event-related desynchronization onset latency
Authors: Carrere L Carolina , Taborda Melisa , Ballario Carlos , Tabernig Carolina
Published: November 2021

Objective. Brain-computer Interfaces (BCI) with functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a feedback device might promote neuroplasticity and hence improve motor function. Novel findings suggested that neuroplasticity could be possible in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This preliminary study explores the effects of using a BCI-FES in therapeutic intervention, as an emerging methodology for gait rehabilitation in pwMS. Approach. People with relapsing-remitting, primary progressive or secondary progressive MS were evaluated with the inclusion criteria to enroll the nine participants required by the statistically computed sample size. Each patient trained with a BCI-FES during 24 sessions distributed in eight weeks. The effects were evaluated on gait speed (Timed 25 Foot Walk), walking ability (12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale), quality of life measures, the true positive rate as the BCI-FES performance metric and the event-related desynchronization (ERD) onset latency of the sensorimotor rhythms. Main results. Seven patients completed the therapeutic intervention. A statistically and clinically significant post-treatment improvement was observed in gait speed, as a result of a reduction in the time to walk 25 feet (−1.99 s, p = 0.018), and walking ability (−31.25 score points, p = 0.028). The true positive rate showed a statistically significant improvement (+15.87 score points, p = 0.018). An earlier ERD onset latency (−180 ms) after treatment was found. Significance. This is the first study that explored gait rehabilitation using BCI-FES in pwMS. The results showed improvement in gait which might have been promoted by changes in functional brain connections involved in sensorimotor rhythm modulation. Although more studies with a larger sample size and control group are required to validate the efficacy of this approach, these results suggest that BCI-FES technology could have a positive effect on MS gait rehabilitation.
Forced Response Approach on Parametric Vibration with Time Periodic Coefficient
Authors: Huang Dishan , Li Yingxue
Published: November 2021

In this study, based on Galerkin discretization and frequency splitting, the forced vibration response of a large span cable with time periodic tension is approached as a closed-form solution, i.e. a special trigonometric series with mode functions. According to the principle of modulation feedback, the forced vibration response solution can be expressed as a series of linear combination of external excitation frequency and parametric excitation frequency with modes. Using orthogonality relation, the formula of forced vibration response approach is obtained. Investigations show that the presented approach computes the forced vibration response with higher accuracy. Therefore, this study is available to analyze the vibration of a large span cable with time periodic tension, and the characteristics of vibration response could be used as an important information source for the failure diagnosis and the health monitoring of cable structure.
Has the ultra low emission zone in London improved air quality?
Authors: Ma Liang , Graham Daniel J , Stettler Marc E J
Published: November 2021

London introduced the world’s most stringent emissions zone, the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ), in April 2019 to reduce air pollutant emissions from road transport and accelerate compliance with the EU air quality standards. Combining meteorological normalisation, change point detection, and a regression discontinuity design with time as the forcing variable, we provide an ex-post causal analysis of air quality improvements attributable to the London ULEZ. We observe that the ULEZ caused only small improvements in air quality in the context of a longer-term downward trend in London’s air pollution levels. Structural changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations were detected at 70% and 24% of the (roadside and background) monitoring sites and amongst the sites that showed a response, the relative changes in air pollution ranged from −9% to 6% for NO2, −5% to 4% for O3, and −6% to 4% for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Aggregating the responses across London, we find an average reduction of less than 3% for NO2 concentrations, and insignificant effects on O3 and PM2.5 concentrations. As other cities consider implementing similar schemes, this study implies that the ULEZ on its own is not an effective strategy in the sense that the marginal causal effects were small. On the other hand, the ULEZ is one of many policies implemented to tackle air pollution in London, and in combination these have led to improvements in air quality that are clearly observable. Thus, reducing air pollution requires a multi-faceted set of policies that aim to reduce emissions across sectors with coordination among local, regional and national government.
Evaluation of coastal pollution in Banda Aceh based on BOD5 and DO approach
Authors: Wisha U J , Kurnianda V
Published: November 2021

The demand for preserving the aquatic environment is a top priority for the Indonesian government. The Banda Aceh coast has experienced anthropogenic developments since the 2004 tsunami hit. During the preliminary investigation in 2017, it indicated that the Banda Aceh coast had been contaminated. Here, we investigated water quality in Banda Aceh coast has been conducted during 2018-2019. We employed the Winkler titration for determining Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Furthermore, we generated spatial analysis to show the distribution of BOD5 and DO around the Banda Aceh coast. As a result, BOD5 has been decreased with the value of 1.33 mg/L. Interestingly, the increased DO value of 1.48 mg/L indicated the presence of autotroph biota producing an oxygen atom during 2018-2019. A contrary influence of BOD5 and DO on NO3- was identified, which approximately 50% concentration of nutrient determined by oxygen availability in 2018, while it was less than 5% for the 2019 survey. In conclusion, we suspect that the Banda Aceh coast is categorized as polluted waters for marine biota and tourism.
Seaweed farming and seaweed capture fishermen phenomenon in Sebatik Strait, Nunukan Regency
Authors: Muawanah U , Syafitri N , Zulham A , Yanti B V I , Setyawidati N A R
Published: November 2021

Nunukan Regency - North Kalimantan, is currently one of the biggest producers of Kappaphycus alvarezii in Indonesia. The large number of seaweed farmers showed that the seaweed business economically increases the Nunukan and surrounding community’s income. An interesting phenomenon in the Nunukan Regency is the fishermen who capturing seaweed drifted due to sea currents. Conflicts of sea area utilization are still an issue in Sebatik Strait. This paper aims to analyze the prevalence of conflicts arising from space competition between seaweed catcher and seaweed farmer. This study was conducted using existing field data and reviewing secondary data usinga descriptive and quantitative approach. The field data was obtained by in-depth interviews and distributed questionnaires to seaweed farmers and seaweed stakeholders in Nunukan region. The recommendations for seaweed business development strategies are divided into three strategies: short-term, mid-term, and long-term strategies in the Sebatik Strait, presented at the end of this paper.
Optimization of an effective growth medium for biomass production of Bacillus cereus
Authors: Feliatra F , Batubara U M , Effendi I , Adelina A
Published: November 2021

Protein is the main source of nutrition in fish feed. It is necessary to use bacterial single-cell protein (SCPs) as a substitute for conventional protein. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of tofu liquid waste as a growth medium for biomass production of Bacillus cereus as an SCPs. The isolates used were B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium (combination of 5 isolates of B. cereus with different strains). The method used was experimental where isolates were cultured in a medium containing tofu liquid waste with different concentrations (8%, 10%, and 12%) enriched with 10% skim milk. Furthermore, the analysis of an effective growth medium was carried out by three methods, namely total plate count, optical density, and cell-dry weight. Cell biomass measurements were carried out for 24 hours with an observation time of every 6 hours. The results showed the best growth medium used in the culture of B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium was tofu liquid waste at a concentration of 12% enriched with 10% skim milk. In conclusion, the cell mass of B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium significantly increased at 6 to 12 hours.
Utilization of fish resources in the Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone within the Fishery Management Area of 573: Case study in Rote Ndao Regency
Authors: Pramoda R , Shafitri N , Indahyanti B V , Zulham A , Koeshendrajana S , Yuliaty C , Muawanah U , Kurniasari N , Kurniawan T , Hafsaridewi R , Kuncoro H S
Published: November 2021

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) affirms that the government has sovereign rights, jurisdiction, and obligations in Indonesia’s EEZ. Indonesia has an interest in protecting sovereign rights and increasing state revenues in the waters of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). That sovereign right is to use fishery resources responsibly for the benefit of the nation and society as a whole. The sole purpose of this qualitative research is to optimize fisheries utilization in the Rote Ndao Regency whose waters include the Fisheries Management Area of 573 (FMA-573) in the EEZ. The analysis had been carried out with a case study approach and then descriptively elaborated. The results showed that: 1) the use of fisheries in FMA-573 was carried out by traditional fishermen (using vessels ≤10 Gross Tonnage/GT) and fishermen using vessels >29 GT; 2) supervision is still needed for the improvement of ships and human resources; 3) there are still violations of territorial waters by traditional Indonesian fishermen. The policy recommendations that must be carried out by the government are: 1) encouraging local fishermen to catch fish in the FMA-573 area by providing stimulus for ships and fishing gear; 2) allocate budget to purchase a new fleet of ships and add supervisors; 3) increase the number of fishery instructors to foster and socialize the boundaries of Indonesia’s EEZ with Australia.
Diversity and Ecological Index of Penaeid Shrimp Collected from Mangrove Area of Kuala Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Muhammadar A A , Putra D F , Widari W
Published: November 2021

Shrimp is a fishery product that has high economic value. However, information of diversity and ecological index of penaeid shrimp Kuala Langsa was not well reported. Thus, this study aims to determine the species, analyze the ecological index and analyze the long relationship in penaeid shrimp caught in the Kuala Langsa mangrove waters. This study used purposive sampling method, for sampling was carried out with three locations and three repetitions. The results of the identification research found three species of the Penaeus genus with a total of 144 individuals consisting of P. monodon, P. indicus and P. merguiensis species with an average abundance value per station of 0.18, 0.09 and 0.21 ind/m2, the diversity index with an average number of 0.98 is categorized as low, the uniformity index 0.9 is categorized as high and the dominance index 0.37 is categorized as low. The length and weight relationship of male and female P. monodon species showed positive and negative allometric patterns, male and female P. indicus showed the same pattern, namely negative allometric and male and female P. merguiensis showed isometric and negative allometric patterns. Shrimp is a fishery product that has high economic value
Coral reefs fisheries development business strategy in Sabang City
Authors: Agustina I , Aprilia R M , Salmarika S , Rahayu R , Arif M , Rizwan T
Published: November 2021

Marine fisheries are an important source of food and income for people all over the world. Billions of people, most of them from developing countries, rely on fish as a major source of animal protein. Fisheries play an important role in the prevention and reduction of poverty. Fisheries provide nets that are essential to people when other work resources are unavailable. The aim of this study is the strategy for developing coral fisheries in Sabang city. The method used in research is to use the SWOT method of analysis. Fisheries development strategy in Sabang city: 1). Develop cathing tool technology to replace the previous cathing tools that are non-environmentally friendly. 2). Conducting the coral reef conservation socialization where the coral fish live. 3). Cooperating with the society in controlling fishing areas by utilizing the local culture that is still very strong in protecting the sea to avoid illegal and excessive exploitation of fish. 4). Means of transportation and distribution for the export of coral fish, which results in a high selling price. 5. The development of the added value of coral fishery products for the welfare of fishermen.
Antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli from squid ink (Loligo sp.) n-Hexane extracts
Authors: Utami D R , Irwan I , Agustina S , Karina S , Afriani S
Published: November 2021

Squid is one of the export commodities in Indonesia. In general, the use of squid meat, while the ink is only as waste. In fact, Squid ink contain bioactive compound that potential as anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic,anti-microbial and anti-malaria agents. The purpose of the study is to determine the types of secondary metabolite compounds contained in n-hexane extract of Loligo sp. ink using maceration method to determine its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The results of secondary metabolite compounds obtained from the n-hexane extract of Loligo sp. ink are alkaloid, saponins, glycosides and phenol. The results of antibacterial test against E. coli using the disc method obtained the average of inhibition zone diameter at the concentration of 4% is 6.3 mm (intermediate), concentration of 8% is 7.83 mm (intermediate), concentration of 16% is 14.5 mm (susceptible) and concentration of 32% is 10.83 mm (intermediate). The antibacterial activity in n-hexane extract of Loligo sp. ink is optimal at the concentration of 16% against E. coli bacteria.
Harmonization of laws related to the protection of artisanal fishermen fishing grounds in Aceh Province
Authors: Sulaiman S , Abdullah M A , Mansur T M , Roesa N
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to examine how to protect of artisanal fishermen fishing ground and the policies that protect them. Small-scale fisher fishing grounds has to have a special attention due to their limitation. They are using very simple fishing gear, so they can’t sail far away from the coastal waters. The Fishing law give a specific attention for this matter, by limiting fishermen with 5 gross tonnage (GT) are only able to conduct their activities within the coastal waters. This study combines legal documents and the results of interviews with fishermen on 5 GT vessel. this studi of find, then the Law Number 27/2016 changed this regulation by increasing gross tonnage for small-scale fishermen from 5 became 10 GT, and it attract more serious problems for these small-scale fishermen since they have no exclusive fishing ground anymore. It will also affect to changes of fishing lane; fishing ground and vessels authorization procedure. By increasing GT, the 10 GT vessels also have rights to sail in the same fishing ground with 5 GT vessels and it’s created a potential conflict between the fishermen. So, harmonization of law is important task for the government in avoiding the overlapping rules on vessels criteria, by choosing law that prioritize on small-scale GT vessels.
Model for development of capture fisheries-based Minapolitan Area in Molawe Village, North Konawe Regency
Authors: Fajriah  , Isamu K T , Mustafa A , Arami H
Published: November 2021

The fishery business area in Molawe Village is a minapolitan area for capture fisheries and fish processing products it has been declared by the North Konawe district government. Existing fishery businesses are expected to be able to serve and encourage fishery development activities. However, until now there are still some obstacles that cause the development of the Minapolitan area is not optimal. The purpose of this research is to develop the concept of developing the Minapolitan Area, Molawe Village. The analytical method used includes qualitative descriptive analysis. The problems that exist in this area are that there are still facilities and infrastructure that are not utilized according to their functions, there is still a lack of types of processed products, existing institutions have not played an active role such as cooperatives and counseling and lack of market information. Through the development of minapolitan activities, it is hoped that these problems can be minimized. There are several sub-developments, namely upstream, downstream production chain systems and supporting facilities. Determine the location of the Minapolitan area development center so that it is more focused and integrated into the fisheries business system that can increase employment and business opportunities for the community.
Checklist of endemic (Adrianichthyidae, Gobiidae, Zenarchopteridae) and introduced fish in Lake Poso, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Bandjolu K P , Madiyono E , Herjayanto M , Gani A , Nur M , Laheng S , Gundo M T
Published: November 2021

Lake Poso is one of the ancient lakes in the world. This lake is known to have high diversity of endemic fish. Several exotic fish species have been introduced to increase the fisheries production in the lake. However, it is reported that the introduced fish is one of the causes of the threat of the existence of endemic fish in this lake. This study aimed to obtain the latest information on endemic (Adrianichthyidae, Gobiidae, and Zenarchopteridae), and introduced fish in Lake Poso. The research was carried out from May to July 2019 at 17 stations on the coast and rivers of Lake Poso. Fish were collected using a seine net, tray net, and hook and line. The results showed that there were 13 species of fish belonging to eight families and 11 genera. A total of six endemic fish species were still found in this study, namely Adrianichthys oophorus, Oryzias nebulosus, O. nigrimas, O. orthognathus, Mugilogobius sarasinorum, and Nomorhamphus celebensis. Seven species of introduced fish were found, namely Anabas testudineus, Aplocheilus panchax, Channa striata, flowerhorn (Cichlasoma sp.), Melanocromis auratus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Trichopodus trichopterus. Cichlids (flowerhorn, M. auratus, and O. niloticus) have the potential to be invasive due to their adaptability and ease of reproduction in Lake Poso. Conservation of the fish endemic to Lake Poso must be a serious concern for the government, academics, and the community. Ex-situ conservation can be a strategy to conserve the endemic fish of Lake Poso through controlled captivity.
Biolarvicidal activity of Rhizophora stylosa leaf extract against Aedes sp.
Authors: Syahputra D , Karina S , Irwan  , Agustina S , Ulfah M
Published: November 2021

The research focus on biolarvicidal activity ofRhizophora Stylosaleaf extract againstAedes sp. R. stylosaleaf was collected from Gampong Pande, Banda Aceh. This research was conducted at laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Fisheries Biotechnology, Marine and Fisheries Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala from Desember 2020 to March 2021. The objective of this study was to figure out the secondary metabolites content in the methanol extract of the mangrove leaf and its biolarvicidal activity againstAedes sp. larvae. The secondary metabolites were screened out using phytochemical screening. The extract was tested for its biolarvicidal activity against third instar larvae of theAedes sp. mosquito at incubation’s time of 48 hours. The biolarvicidal activity is expressed in LC50which was determined by probit analysis using SPSS. The results of qualitative test showed that the extract contained of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins. Based on the results of probit analysis, the LC50value of the extract againstAedessp. was 858.89 ppm.
Length-weight relationship of Penaeus indicus and Penaeus merguiensis in the Langsa mangrove area, Aceh Province
Authors: Maulida S , Iqbal T H , Firmanhadi F , Nur F M , Fadli N , Ulfah M , Suman A , Damora A
Published: November 2021

The two Penaeid shrimpsPenaeus indicusandPenaeus merguiensisare the most common commercial species found in the Langsa mangrove forest. The growth pattern of these two Penaeid shrimps are strongly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, availability of food and predators, which ultimately determines the abundance and catch of commercial adult shrimps obtained. The present study aims to investigate the length-weight relationship ofP. indicusandP. merguiensisin the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh Province. The sampling was conducted in November 2018 with the stratified random sampling method. A total of 124 shrimps consisted of 92 samplesP. indicusand 32 samplesP. merguiensis. The results showed that growth pattern of two Penaeid shrimps was categorized as negative allometric. The highest b value is shown inP. merguiensiswith b value of 2.87 whileP. indicus2.55. The value of the relative weight condition factor (Wr) of the two shrimps indicates a value of >100. It is concluded that the waters of the mangrove forest in Langsa City are still able to support the survival ofP. indicusandP. merguiensis.
Comparative study on five kinds of cytokines in the tissues of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) of different developmental stages
Authors: Qian J , Zhai X Y , Guo L , Chen W G , Fu J J , Shi M Y
Published: November 2021

By using of the double antibody sandwich method of ELISA, the activities of five cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IFN-α, IFN-β and TNF-α from the blood serum, liver, intestine and spleen at two developmental stages of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) were determined to analyze the distribution of the cytokines. The result indicated that five cytokines were found in these four tissues, while their activities were different in different tissues and different ages. The highest activity of IL-2 and IL-4 was all present in blood serum of two different ages. The activity of IFN-α was the highest in blood serum of 1-year-old and in spleen of 2-year-old, respectively. The activity of IFN-β was also highest in blood serum of two different ages. The activity of TNF-α was highest in liver of two different ages. Thus, this study provides convincing reference for blood serum and liver as the most important distribution area of Chinese giant salamander.
Prevalence and Intensity of Ectoparasites on Cultivated Catfish (Clarias sp.) in Aquaculture Ponds and Bioflocs System in Aceh Besar, Indonesia.
Authors: Salsabilla A , Putra D F , Octavina C , Maulana R
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the intensity and the prevalence of ectoparasites found in catfish biofloc aquaculture ponds and traditional catfish in Aceh Besar. The research was conducted at the Fish Quarantine Agency for Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products (BPKIPM) Blang Bintang. This research used a descriptive method while the catfish samples were taken using a random sampling method. The sample of catfish is 100 samples which are devided into 50 catfish with biofloc system and 50 catfish using the traditional system. The organs observed in catfish are fins (back, chest, tail, anal, stomach), gills, and mucus. The results of this study indicate that there were 3 types of ectoparasites have been identified,Vorticella sp., Trichodina sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. The highest prevalence rate is infection parasite by Dactylogyrus sp. in Leubok village, Aceh Besar which use a traditional system, and it is categorized as “always” or “very severe infection” (100%) while for the biofloc system in the village of Reukih Dayah, Indrapuri, Aceh Besar it is categorized as “moderate or “moderate infection”(88%). For the lowest prevalence rate in ectoparasites is Vorticella sp. It is found in biofloc ponds and categorized as “rare” infections about (2%). The highest level of parasite intensity is infection with Dactylogyrus sp. Both media are categorized as “medium”. The differences in the intensity value of the two media are biofloc media has an intensity of 22.7 meanwhile the traditional has 11.3.
Impact of Wastewater on Ditches of Rainwater Drain in Al-Hilla City
Authors: Ali M D M , Husseini M , Khudhair N A
Published: November 2021

In this research, the environmental reality of the ditches to rainwater drain located in the residential neighborhoods of Al-Hilla city in Iraq was studied. The study was conducted on three ditches near schools and health center within three residential neighborhoods. Chemical laboratory tests (BOD, COD, TSS, TN, TP, NO2-, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, CN-, pH, T, DO) were proceeded on this water and it was found that the water is high polluted in sewage water compared to the sewage entering the treatment plant in the city and comparing with samples of water taken from ditches outside the city (as a standard sample). The pollution of this ditches with sewage water is considerable hazard on people health in this urban area, especially on children, students and the people come in to the health center in this areas.
Deterioration characterization of land cover and land use in Muqdadiya district center for the period 1995 to 2019
Authors: Saleh Al-Zuhairi Alaa Mahdi , Hameed Tanzeeh Majeed
Published: November 2021

The research dealt with the analysis of environmental changes in the types of land cover and land uses within the Muqdadiyah district center in Diyala governorate and revealed between 1995 and 2019 in order to determine the environmental deterioration of the land cover and land uses and the resulting environmental changes. For the American satellite (Landsat). It turned out that there were changes during the research period, as the amount of change in the area of agricultural land amounted to (-91,16) km2, and the area of pastures decreased as the amount of change reached (-39.89) km2, while the amount of change in the area of urbanization was (44, 38) km2, while the change amount was recorded (100,19) km2 for barren lands, which means a decrease in the area of agricultural and pasture lands in favor of built-up lands and barren lands, which negatively affected the biodiversity within the study area.
Water quality and management of Citepus River, Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Yustiani Y M , Tarigan F K , Nurkanti M , Wahyuni S
Published: November 2021

Citepus River is one of the urban rivers that pass through Bandung City, Indonesia. Visually, the Citepus River water shows relatively poor condition. This study aims to examine the water quality of the Citepus River, the results of which are used to recommend river management efforts. This research was conducted using secondary data obtained from the Bandung City Environmental Agency for the 2018-2020 time duration. Assessment of river water quality is carried out by comparing water quality monitoring results with the applicable quality standards. In addition, indexation was also carried out using the Storet method. The study results show that almost all parameters exceed the Class 2 of maximum water quality standard based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Pollution Control. The results of calculations using the Storet method stated that the water quality in the Citepus River from the upstream segment to the downstream segment was classified as class D, which means heavily polluted, with the highest score in the middle segment at -54 and the lowest score in the upstream segment at -42, while the downstream segment, the score obtained is -52. Based on these results, management efforts can be recommended by determining the capacity, identification and inventory of wastewater sources, determining requirements and procedures for waste disposal, prohibiting waste disposal into rivers, monitoring river water quality, and monitoring wastewater quality.
Study of tofu wastewater treatment using anaerobic baffled reactor: laboratory scale
Authors: Trihidayanti H , Ratnaningsih R , Iswanto B
Published: November 2021

One of the foods favorites by Indonesian people is tofu. In the process of making tofu, it produces wastewater. The tofu wastewater must be treated first to reduce environmental pollution. To treat the liquid waste, it is using biological treatment by an anaerobic baffled reactor with bio-ball. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum time at 75% tofu wastewater concentration. The detention time used in this study was 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours. Seeding takes time about 45 days, with the obtained VSS was 5550 mg/L. Furthermore, acclimatization in the reactor takes about 30 days, with an efficiency of removing COD of 86.3%. The results obtained that at 12 hours of detention, there is a COD allowance of 79.8%, 24 hours of detention time there is a COD allowance of 85.4%, 36 hours of detention time 86.3%, and 48 hours of detention time 88.4 %. It shows that the optimum detention time in this anaerobic reactor is 48 hours. However, the COD level was 765.3 mg/L is still slightly above the quality standard according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No.5 2014, which is the maximum COD level of 300 mg/L.
Saline water desalination using solar energy: performance analysis and implementation barriers
Authors: Kusumadewi R A , Wijayanti Y , Fittkow M
Published: November 2021

Solar water desalination system is one of the alternatives for supplying fresh water. On the other hand, some people are reluctant to use and rely on water produced by the system. Also, there are other barriers to the adoption of this system in Indonesia. This research aimed to conduct a preliminary study on the performance of solar desalination systems and identify factors that hindered its implementation. The methodology applied in this study consist of two approaches. First, the desalination system performance is determined by the quantity of freshwater produced and the quality of feed water, distilled water, and brine compared to Indonesia’s water quality standard. Second, the identification of implementation barriers was evaluated in the structural analysis method using MICMAC (the Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification) software. The performance analysis result shows low efficiency based on desalinated water produced, which ranges from 2.59% up to 9.67%. The water quality parameters of pH, turbidity, TDS, chloride, Fe, and hardness met the Indonesian water quality standard. The factor of “uncertainty of subsidies,” “niche market,” “poor solar energy data,” and “lack of policy/regulatory framework” were determined as critical barriers which have the most significant influence and highest independence.
Hydrocyclone optimisation to separate oil and water in the separator
Authors: Wastoyo P T , Mardiana D A , Setiati R , Fathaddin T
Published: November 2021

The conventional 3-phase separator installed cannot anticipate the increase in fluid flow so that the oil content carried into the produced water from the separator consistently exceeds the upper operating threshold. This study aimed to test the application of a hydrocyclone device to a 3-phase horizontal separator. Hydrocyclones are widely used as auxiliary devices to optimise oil separation by minimising oil carried into the produced water stream. This study made a comparison between installing a hydro cyclone at the inlet with a 3-phase horizontal separator. Applying a hydrocyclone at the inlet of a 3-phase horizontal separator increases the efficiency of the separation process in production. Proper design improvements with Hysys and flow characteristics with CFD can reduce the oil content carried in the produced water stream below 20 mg/l. The results of this study can support de-bottlenecking to increase production to a production target of above 375 kbps. A robust application of engineered hydrocyclones with correct production and operating shrouds has been experienced to optimise the separation process by up to 92%.
Gas monitoring station in hazardous environment with gases containing
Authors: Sendari S , Rahmawati Y , Rahmawati H , Arengga D , Ramadhan F M , Al-qodri F , Matsumoto T , Fujiyama A , Rachman I
Published: November 2021

Landfill sites collect tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) using an open dump mechanism, causing gases to emerge, which may cause disease and the greenhouse effect. Mainly, landfill environments are observed using a portable system that does not continuously monitor and measure emitted gas levels. It is also difficult to evaluate changes in landfill emissions over the long term unless they are monitored at regular intervals according to a detailed plan. This paper presents a new monitoring method to measure gas levels in landfill sites, which documents dynamic changes in gas composition concentrations over the long term. The system was placed in the middle area of the landfill and was charged using solar panels for convenience and greater efficiency during monitoring. While the instruments that are currently available are used for a specific parameter, this system can measure eight parameters, i.e., ambient concentration of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and voltage level. The system was evaluated regarding its ability to monitor gas parameters continuously.
Domestic wastewater treatment with household-scale constructed wetland system using water fern plant (Azolla pinnata)
Authors: Magfhira A , Kinasih P , Salsabila D , Marchella E , Fachrul M F
Published: November 2021

The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to analyze more deeply the management of the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding the treatment of domestic wastewater on a household scale. Domestic wastewater treatment with a constructed land system using Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) is expected to reduce concentration parameters such as BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and Ammonia. The growth rate of Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) after acclimatization is quite good so that it can reduce BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and Ammonia, which are a source of nutrients for plant growth so that it can be used as a promising material for plant growth. It can be used as a promising material for plant growth domestic wastewater treatment. The analysis was carried out using the blended concept, a combination of virtual, online, and laboratory/field activities (offline/outside the network) while still paying attention to health protocols. The priority of this literature study research is to provide input for the government in the form of alternative solutions for managing the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding domestic wastewater treatment on a household scale. In addition, this research also supports the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program: Goal 6: Access to Clean Water and Sanitation” in point 3, namely “Improving water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating waste disposal, and minimizing the disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally”. This research can contribute to appropriate technology in environmental biotechnology, namely wastewater treatment with a system that has simple technology, low cost, energy-saving and is environmentally friendly, which can create a level of hygiene and comfort for the community and maintain environmental sustainability future.
The effect of maximum iteration using 3 dimensional limit equilibrium method in open pit mine
Authors: Syahputra F M , Azizi M A , Marwanza I
Published: November 2021

Nickel ore mines have a high potential of landslides due to their weak material base, which consists of soil. It is caused by the increase of soil density in rain conditions, leading to decreased soil shear strength (c) and internal friction angle (ϕ). This research aims to determine the optimum value of the maximum iteration number based on the Cuckoo Search and Particle Swarm Optimization search method. In this research, the slope is analyzed using the 3 Dimensional limit equilibrium method “Simplified Bishop,” a slope stability analysis method that uses the principle of static equilibrium. Alongside this method, the Cuckoo Search and Particle Swarm Optimization is adopted. The Cuckoo Search and Particle Swarm Optimization are metaheuristic optimization techniques used as the slipped surface search method. Series of 3-dimensional limit equilibrium computation is performed using different amounts of nests in the cuckoo search method and different particle values and maximum iteration number. Cuckoo Search method to achieve optimal nest 100 and iteration of 80 with the fastest compute time of 3 minutes 49 seconds. While the Particle Swarm Optimization to achieve optimal on particles 60, iteration as much as 480 with a compute time of 6 minutes 46 second, with a factor of safety value of 1,12.
Endosulfan insecticide removal planning with bioaugmentation-landfarming bioremediation method
Authors: Pipit A , Ratnaningsih  , Rinanti A
Published: November 2021

Endosulfan is a toxic organochlorine insecticide and is persistent in the environment. Endosulfan residue can be accumulated underground and lower soil quality, pollute water sources, and create bioaugmentation. This research aims to gather required information and study the potential of bacteria consortium consists of Bordetella sp., Bordetella petrii, and Achromobactery xylosoxidans to remediate endosulfan polluted soil. Bioremediation on laboratory scale conducted in a soil reactor, the pH level of 7, 20% humidity, and adjusted temperature to field temperature. Endosulfan was added into a reactor with a concentration of 2mg/g. The bacteria consortium utilized endosulfan as a nutrient source to decently grow up until this research was finished on the 30th day. Maximum removal occurred on upper layer soil with 99% of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan removal rates. Pilot-scale removal can be implemented with landfarming bioremediation. Two (2) processing beds were prepared with 15m of length, 7.5m of width, and 0.5m of height. This method was able to remove 99% of endosulfan in just 457.75 hours. This research can be implemented to remediate endosulfan polluted soil through the bioremediation method by utilizing bacteria consortium.
An overview of the waste management system in Tembalang District, Semarang City
Authors: Wardhana I W , Budihardjo M A , Istirokhatun T , Ikhlas N , Fadhilah I
Published: November 2021

It is necessary to observe and evaluate the performance of the authorized institutions, in particular, related to the sub-unit of the Environmental Agency, which manages the technical aspects (UPTD) and the five aspects of waste management to achieve better service to the people of Tembalang District. The UPTD is responsible for technical operations, including transporting domestic waste using arm roll and dump trucks, managing the cost budget plan, and supervising waste collection at waste collection site. Tembalang District has a minimum waste generation of 156 m3/day with a generation rate of 0.814 l/person/day and a maximum of 216 m3/day with a generation rate of 1.217 l/person/day. The implementation of the five management aspects in Tembalang District still needs to be evaluated from the operational, technical, and community participation aspects. This situation is related to the segregation and sorting of waste that has not been carried out, independent processing that has not gone well, and activities at the landfill that are not suitable. The community participation, public awareness, and concern for waste problems are still low where the independent waste management through waste treatment facility partnerships and waste banks are possible to do.
Problems of unification of fodder quality and nutritive value assessment systems
Authors: Popov V V
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the urgent need for improvement and unification of systems for the quality evaluation of feed and rations. Lack of uniform sampling methods, analysis methods, feed quality indicators; norms of the nutrient requirements depending on the physiological state of animals, a unified approach to balancing diets, and most importantly - the absence of an international standard system for assessing the energy nutritive value of feed and rations - complicates the mutual understanding of scientists and practitioners from different countries and the integration of scientific achievements into agricultural production.
The effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of hay of leguminous grasses
Authors: Sitnov D M , Harkevich L P , Adamko V N
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results obtained in the stationary experiment of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS. In the experiment, single-species crops of yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them were studied against the background of various doses of potash fertilizers (K120-180). The influence of potash fertilizers on the yield and quality of legumes and cereals, their mixed crops and a decrease in the content of 137Cs in hay is considered. It was found that the highest yield of hay of perennial grasses in both the first and second mowing was obtained in the P60K180 variant. The highest level of hay yield among the studied crops was noted in a grass mixture of yellow alfalfa with a boneless stalk. In terms of the yield of feed units and exchange energy per hectare, the alfalfa + stalk grass mixture exceeded single-species crops. Studies have established that the guaranteed receipt of normatively clean feeds based on yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them is provided by the use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a dose P60K120.
Effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil
Authors: Vorobieva L A , Anishchenko V A
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of investigations carried out in a field experiment on sod-podzolic sandy soil contaminated with radionuclides, the efficiency of influence of doses and kinds of potassium fertilizers on the yield, 137Cs accumulation and fodder value of yellow lupine was studied. The carried out researches showed that the optimum doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for getting an increased yield of green mass is P45K150, in both studied types of potassium fertilizers. To get the maximum grain yield of lupine, the optimal doses of mineral fertilizers are P45K150 and P45K210. Analyzing the effect of different types of potassium fertilizers on the formation of yellow lupine grain yield, it can be noted that the use of potassium fertilizer - Kalimag, the yield was higher than that of potassium chloride. To decrease accumulation of 137Cs in lupine green mass below permissible level, the doses of mineral fertilizers shouldn’t be less than P45K150. Maximum decrease of radionuclides in the grain was noted in the variant P45K210 (Kmg).
Grain of narrow-leaved lupine with inclusion of organic micronutrient complex OMC as an alternative to soybeans in protein concentrates
Authors: Fedorova Z N , Tkachenko Yu G , Bliadze V G
Published: November 2021

The article presents the research data on the use of high-protein extruded concentrates based on narrow-leaved lupine in the compound feed in combination with organic microelement complex OMEK-7 M (complex, microelement additive produced by CJSC “Bioamid”, Saratov) in order to replace soybean. The studies were carried out on a cattle farm in the settlement of Novgorodskoe, Guryevskii district, Kaliningrad region (Temp LLC). The object of the research were calves of black-and-wheat breed.

It was found that due to the extrusion of lupine grain in combination with OMEC premix, a competitive, import-substituting soybean-based protein concentrate with a high degree of bioavailability of feed was obtained. It contains a sufficient protein content of 26% and a low fiber content of 4.05%, which is very important for calves in the dairy period.