bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating Sex Hormone Levels and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in a Prospective Study in Men
Authors: Xie Shao-Hua , Ness-Jensen Eivind , Rabbani Sirus , Langseth Hilde , Gislefoss Randi E. , Mattsson Fredrik , Lagergren Jesper
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Sex hormones have been hypothesized to explain the strong male predominance in esophageal adenocarcinoma, but evidence is needed. This study examined how circulating sex hormone levels influence future risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

METHODS:

This case-control study was nested in a prospective Norwegian cohort (Janus Serum Bank Cohort), including 244 male patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and 244 male age-matched control participants. Associations between prediagnostic circulating levels of 12 sex hormones and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma were assessed using conditional logistic regression. In addition, a random-effect meta-analysis combined these data with a similar prospective study for 5 sex hormones.

RESULTS:

Decreased odds ratios (ORs) of esophageal adenocarcinoma were found comparing the highest with lowest quartiles of testosterone (OR = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.88), testosterone:estradiol ratio (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.72), and luteinizing hormone (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.98), after adjustment for tobacco smoking and physical activity. These associations were attenuated after further adjustment for body mass index (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.27–1.13 for testosterone; OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.91 for testosterone:estradiol ratio; OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.29–1.08 for luteinizing hormone). No associations were observed for sex hormone–binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, 17-OH progesterone, progesterone, androstenedione, or free testosterone index. The meta-analysis showed an inverse association between testosterone levels and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (pooled OR for the highest vs lowest quartile = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38–0.97), whereas no associations were identified for androstenedione, sex hormone–binding globulin, estradiol, or testosterone:estradiol ratio.

DISCUSSION:

Higher circulating testosterone levels may decrease the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in men.
PRZYGOTOWANIE DO TWÓRCZOŚCI PEDAGOGICZNEJ W KSZTAŁCENIU WSTĘPNYM NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH
Authors: Jastrzębska Elżbieta
Published: October 2019

Creativity in teaching in the subject literature can be divided into three categories: the creative process, the product and the support of the development of creative activity in students. Not only is creativity important for the teacher today but also it is an essential part of his or her professional identity. In XXI century pedeutology [a branch of educational theory] the vision is of an open-minded and autonmous teacher, a reflective practitioner who is prepared to create his or her own new strategies to function in educational situations which are constantly changing. This educator effectively supports the personal development of the student and their process of learning. For this reason, creativity in teaching should also be one of the principal objectives of the professional training of the foreign language teachers, which in turn poses important questions. The notion of creativity in teaching, its scope and how it can be prepared for during the aca-demic training of the foreign language teachers are the subjects of the article.
Sample preparation for Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Jahn I. J. , Lehniger L. , Weber K. , Cialla-May D. , Popp J.
Published: October 2019

Raman spectroscopy and its variants allow for the investigation of a wide range of biological and biomedical samples, i. e. tissue sections, single cells and small molecules. The obtained information is on a molecular level. By making use of databases and chemometrical approaches, the chemical composition of complex samples can also be defined. The measurement procedure is straight forward, however most often sample preparation protocols must be implemented. While pure samples, such as high purity powders or highly concentrated chemicals in aqueous solutions, can be directly measured without any prior sample purification step, samples of biological origin, such as tissue sections, pathogens in suspension or biofluids, food and beverages often require pre-processing steps prior to Raman measurements. In this book chapter, different strategies for handling and processing various sample matrices for a subsequent Raman microspectroscopic analysis were introduced illustrating the high potential of this promising technique for life science and medical applications. The presented methods range from standalone techniques, such as filtration, centrifugation or immunocapture to innovative platform approaches which will be exemplary addressed. Therefore, the reader will be introduced to methods that will simplify the complexity of the matrix in which the targeted molecular species are present allowing direct Raman measurements with bench top or portable setups.
Isolation and identification of tuliposides D and F from tulip cultivars
Authors: Nomura Taiji , Ogita Shinjiro , Kato Yasuo
Published: October 2019

6-Tuliposides A (6-PosA) and B (6-PosB) are major defensive secondary metabolites in tulip cultivars (Tulipa gesneriana), having an acyl group at the C-6 position of d-glucose. Although some wild tulip species produce 1,6-diacyl-glucose type of Pos (PosD and PosF), as well as 6-PosA/B, they have not yet been isolated from tulip cultivars. Here, aiming at verifying the presence of PosD and PosF in tulip cultivars, tissue extracts of 25 cultivars were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although no HPLC peaks for PosD nor PosF were detected in most cultivars, we found two cultivars giving a minute HPLC peak for PosD and the other two cultivars giving that for PosF. PosD and PosF were then purified from petals of cultivar ‘Orca’ and from pistils of cultivar ‘Murasakizuisho’, respectively, and their identities were verified by spectroscopic analyses. This is the first report that substantiates the presence of 1,6-diacyl-glucose type of Pos in tulip cultivars.
Learning Management of Nonformal Education Units in Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar
Authors: Sufyan Anis , Nurhalim Khomsun , Shofwan Imam
Published: October 2019

Learning in the Semarang Nonformal Education Unit Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) equality education especially the package C program focuses more on students or learning citizens, namely the occurrence of the learning process. The diversity of the backgrounds of the learning community makes participation in the learning process and the learning outcomes of each learning citizen more varied. In the learning process the learning climate created by tutors is more centered on learning centers. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze Package C learning. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Check the validity of the data using source triangulation and methods. The results of the study show that the learning plan of the Package C Program includes: formulating learning objectives, teaching materials, methods, learning resources and establishing assessment of learning outcomes. Implementation involves three steps, namely introduction, core and closing. The learning evaluation that is apllied is summative and formative evaluation.
Somatic and germline mutations in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Vandeva Silvia , Daly Adrian F , Petrossians Patrick , Zacharieva Sabina , Beckers Albert
Published: October 2019

Pituitary adenomas are frequently occurring neoplasms that produce clinically significant disease in 1:1000 of the general population. The pathogenesis of pituitary tumors is a matter of interest as it could help to improve diagnosis and treatment. Until recently, however, disruptions in relatively few genes were known to predispose to pituitary tumor formation. In the last decade, several more genes and pathways have been described. Germline pathogenic variants in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene were found in familial or sporadic pituitary adenomas, usually with an aggressive clinical course. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) pathogenic variants lead to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) syndrome, in which pituitary adenomas can occur. Xq26.3 duplications involving the gene GPR101 cause X-linked acrogigantism. The pheochomocytoma and/or paraganglioma with pituitary adenoma association (3PAs) syndrome suggests that pathogenic variants in the genes of the succinate dehydrogenase complex or MYC-associated factor X (MAX) might be involved in pituitary tumorigenesis. New recurrent somatic alterations were also discovered in pituitary adenomas, such as, ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) and USP48 pathogenic variants in corticotropinomas. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the genetic pathophysiology of pituitary adenomas and their clinical relevance.
Accurate Allele Frequencies from Ultra-low Coverage Pool-Seq Samples in Evolve-and-Resequence Experiments
Authors: Tilk Susanne , Bergland Alan , Goodman Aaron , Schmidt Paul , Petrov Dmitri , Greenblum Sharon
Published: October 2019

Evolve-and-resequence (E+R) experiments leverage next-generation sequencing technology to track the allele frequency dynamics of populations as they evolve. While previous work has shown that adaptive alleles can be detected by comparing frequency trajectories from many replicate populations, this power comes at the expense of high-coverage (>100x) sequencing of many pooled samples, which can be cost-prohibitive. Here, we show that accurate estimates of allele frequencies can be achieved with very shallow sequencing depths (<5x) via inference of known founder haplotypes in small genomic windows. This technique can be used to efficiently estimate frequencies for any number of bi-allelic SNPs in populations of any model organism founded with sequenced homozygous strains. Using both experimentally-pooled and simulated samples of Drosophila melanogaster, we show that haplotype inference can improve allele frequency accuracy by orders of magnitude for up to 50 generations of recombination, and is robust to moderate levels of missing data, as well as different selection regimes. Finally, we show that a simple linear model generated from these simulations can predict the accuracy of haplotype-derived allele frequencies in other model organisms and experimental designs. To make these results broadly accessible for use in E+R experiments, we introduce HAF-pipe, an open-source software tool for calculating haplotype-derived allele frequencies from raw sequencing data. Ultimately, by reducing sequencing costs without sacrificing accuracy, our method facilitates E+R designs with higher replication and resolution, and thereby, increased power to detect adaptive alleles.
Social capital in Ukraine and other European countries: the legitimacy of an aggregated construct
Authors: Sereda Yuliia
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a review of the main approaches in social capital conceptualization and measurement, as well as examines the legitimacy of the aggregated usage of trust, civic participation and informal communication as a measure of social capital. The analysis is based on “European Social Survey” (ESS-2010) in five contexts: Ukraine, Russia, post-communist countries – new EU member states, countries of EU-12 and Scandinavia. Confirmatory factor analysis is implemented.
Results suggest that traditional components of social capital are more likely to be separate parts and should be analyzed distinctly.
Outstaffing: problems and prospects in the current economic conditions of Ukraine
Authors: Khokhlova Iryna
Published: October 2019

The article considers the current problems of improving the processes connected with human resource management and the minimization of enterprises’ administrative costs and risks.
Revealed is the concept and the essence of the term ”outstaffing”, the relevance of its use, problems and prospects of development in modern economic conditions of Ukraine.
E-cigarette Marketing Exposure and Subsequent Experimentation Among Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Chen-Sankey Julia Cen , Unger Jennifer B. , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Niederdeppe Jeff , Bernat Edward , Choi Kelvin
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly prevalent among US youth and young adults in recent years. Exposure to e-cigarette marketing may stimulate e-cigarette use. In this study, we estimated the longitudinal association between e-cigarette marketing exposure and e-cigarette experimentation among US youth and young adult never tobacco users.

METHODS:

The analysis included nationally representative samples of youth (ages 12–17; n = 8121) and young adult (ages 18–24; n = 1683) never tobacco users from wave 2 (2014–2015) and wave 3 (2015–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. In the study, researchers measured past-month exposure to e-cigarette marketing through various places (eg, Web sites and events) at wave 2 and e-cigarette experimentation at wave 3. Statistical analysis included multivariable regressions to examine the associations between wave 2 e-cigarette marketing exposure and wave 3 e-cigarette experimentation.

RESULTS:

At wave 2, 70.7% of youth and 73.9% of young adult never tobacco users reported past-month exposure to e-cigarette marketing; at wave 3, 4.9% and 4.5% of youth and young adults experimented with e-cigarettes, respectively. Youth and young adults exposed to e-cigarette marketing at wave 2 were more likely (adjusted odds ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.07–2.17; and adjusted odds ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–6.42, respectively) to have experimented with e-cigarettes at wave 3 than those not exposed. Marketing exposure through each place at wave 2 was associated with e-cigarette experimentation at wave 3.

CONCLUSIONS:

E-cigarette marketing exposure predicted subsequent e-cigarette experimentation among youth and young adult never tobacco users. Increased restrictions on marketing through various channels may help minimize their exposure to e-cigarette marketing messages.
De los intelectuales del círculo de París a los intelectuales indígenas: el campo político y la colonialidad del saber en Bolivia
Authors: Díaz Marianela
Published: October 2019

En este artículo analizo el tránsito desde la concepción de “intelectual” utilizada en Bolivia con relación a la propuesta del “Círculo de París” y la emergencia de la categoría de “intelectual indígena” en el campo político. Para esto, profundizo, desde una perspectiva historiográfica, la colonialidad del saber, en torno a las distintas nociones de “lo indio” en las corrientes hegemónicas y subalternizadas que influyeron en los proyectos políticos legitimados y deslegitimados desde el poder estatal: el marxismo, el nacionalismo revolucionario, el indianismo-katarismo y la denominada descolonización del Estado. Parto del periodo post “Guerra del pacífico”, hasta la propuesta de descolonización planteada en el gobierno de Evo Morales.
Az elhízás mozgásszervi vonatkozásai: egy régi téma új megközelítésben
Authors: Tamási László , Miksi Ágnes , Kardos Zsófia , Flórián Ágnes , Szekanecz Zoltán
Published: October 2019

Abstract:

Authors discuss the musculoskeletal aspects of obesity by applying a novel approach. Biochemical changes associated with obesity and especially metabolic syndrome, may have a great impact on the function of bones, joints and muscles. Therefore we need a new view and new strategies in rheumatic diseases. Obesity-associated metabolic changes should be considered during the progress of as well as the selection of treatment in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Individualised treatment is necessary due to associated comorbidities as well. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(44): 1727–1734.
EFFECTS OF THE HEAT TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 6201 ALUMINIUM ALLOY WIRE
Authors: Huynh Khanh Cong
Published: October 2019

Type 6201 aluminium alloy wires are produced by drawing 4.7 mm diameter billet-on-billet extruded redraw rod down to 2.7 mm diameter wires. Before drawing, the first group of redraw rod coils was annealed at 480oC for 4 hours to reduce the hardness of the redraw rod. The second group of redraw rod coils was drawn without annealing. With each group of redraw rod, after drawing, some wire coils were solution heat treated, then artificially aged or naturally aged. The other wire coils were artificially aged or naturally aged without solution heat treatment. Mechanical properties of the wires were assessed by a tensile testing machine (model UTM-1000)With suitable aging temperature and aging time, wires produced from each group of redraw rod coils with or without solution heat treatment attain tensile requirements of ASTM B398, but wires produced with solution heat treatment attain higher elongation than wires produced without solution heat treatment.
SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES WITH VARIOUS SIZES TOWARDS IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COPPER FILMS AT LOW SINTERING TEMPERATURE
Authors: Luu Anh Tuan , Vuong Dat Vinh , Nguyen Anh Phan Nhat
Published: October 2019

The use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in conductive inks has attracted much attention to printed circuit board manufacturers due to its high electrical conductivity and low cost. The synthesis of CuNPs by surfactant-assisted chemical reduction method was studied aiming to identify the content of PVP-surfactant corresponding to the size of copper particles. The crystallite size and phase of CuNPs were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis while transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) were used to characterize the size of copper particles. The results showed that the crystallite and particle size of CuNPs decrease with increasing the PVP-surfactant concentration. The crystallite size values measured by TEM and XRD methods have a slight variation. The copper films were fabricated by the doctor-blade technique on PI and Al2O3 substrates. The effect of sintering temperature on conductive properties of the copper film after sintering was investigated. The copper film was sintered at low temperatures below 300oC. The electrical conductivity of copper films was measured by using the four-point probe method. The electrical resistivity of copper films archives stable at the low sintering temperature above 200°C about 0.22 mΩ.cm and 0.63 mΩ.cm for that of Al2O3 and PI substrates respectively.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBONATED STEELMAKING SLAG AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Tran Anh Tu , Tran Gia Huan , Nguyen Ngoc Tri Huynh , Nguyen Khanh Son
Published: October 2019

In the current context of Vietnam, the solid waste of steel slag occupy ground for dumping and lead to severe environmental issue due to their high content of heavy metal and fine dust. For the purpose of large-scale recycling steel slag, up to now one of the most relevant solutions is to use as aggregate for asphaltic and/or cement concrete. In this paper, we aim to analyze the influence of the accelerated carbonation condition in the laboratory on the physio-chemical properties of carbonated steel slag. Materials composition were characterized by using different analysis techniques of XRD, SEM, TG and others measurement of the physio-properties (density, L.O.I..) were also realized with regards to the requirement of the national standard for concrete aggregate. In conclusion, we will discuss the effect of reaction condition and on the feasibility of implementing this specific treatment method on a larger scale.Keywords: steelmaking slag, solid waste, CO2 sequestration, accelerated carbonation, concrete aggregate.
Treatment wetlands for landfill leachates - case studies from Norway
Authors: Haarstad Ketil , Maehlum Trond , Kraft Per I.
Published: October 2019

The paper describes operational experiences of landfill leachate treatment systems at threeNorwegian landfill sites, with emphasis on the reduction of COD, nitrogen and Feconcentrations. The leachate systems described consist of aerated lagoons with aspiratorpropeller aerators/mixers, and horizontal subsurface flow treatment wetlands. Results ofleachate monitoring and treatment efficiencies are presented. Operational data show thatleachate treatment with aerated lagoons has problems with removal of organic matter andnitrogen, but remove Fe. Failure seems to depend on high loads (especially in winter times),sludge erosion and toxicity. The hydraulic retention time should to be >20 days to keep thenitrifiers in the lagoon during periods with low temperatures. Simple filtration techniqueswith e.g. bark, shell or coral sand, crushed concrete and others can improve leachate qualityboth during and after other treatment stages and remove nitrogen, colour, heavy metals,organic pollutants and pesticides, and buffer pH and add other nutrients. A combination ofaeration, dams and filtering techniques probably gives the best treatment options.
Landfill management in Lithuania
Authors: Kavaliauskiene Ingrida
Published: October 2019

There are about 680 small municipal waste landfills/ dumping sites with an area below 1 ha,about 120 medium-size landfills with an area of I to 5 ha and 35 large (>5 ha) landfills inLithuania.The majority of existing operational landfills fail to meet even basic environmental andsanitary-hygienic requirements.Minister of Environment approved Rules for Setting Up, Operating, Closure and After-Careof Landfills of Waste in the year 2000. The procedure for the disposal of waste in landfillsand the requirements for setting up, operating, closure and after-care of landfills so as toprevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects of landfills on the environment,particularly surface water and groundwater, soil and atmosphere, as well as any resulting riskto human health, have been defined in these rules.Draft Strategic Plan of the Network of Landfills for Non-hazardous (Municipal) Wasteprepared last year. The aim of this plan is to establish the procedure for closing down theexisting landfills, site-conditioning operations and setting up new regional landfills (bydeveloping regional municipal waste management systems) and to foresee the costs. It wascalculated that in economic terms, taking into consideration costs of the transport of waste tolandfills and the setting up, operating, closure and after-care of landfills, Lithuania wouldbenefit most if it had 12 landfills.Both documents mentioned above have been developed taking into consideration therequirements laid down by the European Union in the field of environmental protection andensures the attainment of the targets laid down in the Directive on the Landfill of Waste(1999/31/EC).
Bioreactor and wetland combinations
Authors: Bakke Rune
Published: October 2019

Wastewater treatment plants combining bioreactors and natural processes, designed to achievecost efficient treatment, are described and evaluated. The plants have a common generallayout: an anaerobic pretreatment, an aerated bioreactor, sedimentation with sludge return anda final sub-surface flow wetland treatment. Variations in this design, adaptations to variousapplications, process control strategies and sludge handling are discussed. Removalefficiencies obtained varies in the range: 96-99 % BOO7, 72-88 % COD, 92-96 % SS, 80-99% P, 37-91% N, where more advanced control yield higher efficiency. Thermo-tolerant fecalcoliform bacteria are typically removed by 99.9 %. Most of the nitrogen is removed in thebioreactors. Computer controlled aeration and sludge handling is required to obtain the hightotal nitrogen removal (> 80 %) Phosphorus can also be removed in the bioreactors andexported as sludge, or, more cost effectively, mainly removed in the wetland part of the plants.The cost efficiency of such treatment plants is good compared to alternative solutions.
Phytoremediation of polluted soil at two sites in the district of Klaipeda (Lithuania)
Authors: Liuzinas Rapolas , Jankevicius Karolis , Salkauskas Mudis , Rasomavicius Valerijus , Gudzinskas Zigmantas , Sinkeviciene Zofija
Published: October 2019

The vegetation cover of two sites contaminated with heavy fractions oil products:Klaipeda State Oil Terminal (KSOT) of 130,000 sq. m area, and Pauoscio RailwayStation (PRS) of 60,000 sq. m area-has been investigated.It has been established, that phytotoxical effect begins with heavy oil concentrationsreaching I 000 g/m2 or 5 000 mg per l kg of dry soil. Such heavy oil containsp-edominantly tar (by 55 percent) and light hydrocarbons (below C28) composed of thefollowing factions (in percentage): paraffin-naphtene hydrocarbons - 15, olefins andcyclodiolefines -5, alkilaromatic - l, alkidiaromatic -4, polyaromatic -20.Also, plant species and communities have been identified. The KSOT site has been foundto nurture 271 species of vascular plants. The most part of this flora consists of referralplants aD'.I those specific for littoral sands. The most polluted area has been found tonurture 38 plant species.The most resistant to the fuel oil pollution are plants having long rootstocks and longtaproots: Calamagrostis epigejos, Carex hirta, Elytrigia repens, Leymus arenarius, Poacompressa, Artemisia campestris, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Tanacetumvalgare, Tussilago farfara. Some of them can be used in ex-situ remediation of the oilpolluted soil at biodegradation ranges. They can also be used as model plants inexperimental selection of cultivated plants for bioremediation purposes.
Assessing landfill leachate quality and leachate treatment efficiency using good sampling practices
Authors: Öman Cecilia , Junestedt Christian
Published: October 2019

A number of the compounds detected in landfill leachates have proved to be harmful to humans and to the natural environment. As a result, appropriate landfill leachate treatment methods must be developed, with the aim to reduce harmful concentrations of pollutants to levels which do not impose a threat to the natural environment. The complex nature of the leachates makes it difficult to select the most appropriate set of treatment methods for a specific landfill, and the actual efficiency of a treatment plant is measured in situ by comparing the quality of the water entering the plant with the quality of the water leaving the plant. The complex nature of the leachates puts high demands on the sampling, handling of sample before analyses, and analyses, as the character of the sample must not be altered. The demands increase with decreasing concentrations of the targeted compounds (µg/1 level or less). Despite this, no standard protocols for sampling and handling of leachate samples exist. The purpose of this study was to give examples of good sampling practices. Important aspects to consider during sampling and handling of samples are; i) sampling of nonhomogenized water bodies, ii) contamination, and iii) alterations of samples during collection and storage. It was found that a number of substances are enriched in the surface layer of a water body, why it was concluded that the surface layer is an important matrix to consider, both concerning the presence and the transport of harmful compounds. The risk of contamination during sampling was evaluated with the use of a field water blank, which was handled as a true water sample. It was found that despite careful handling contaminants were found at low concentrations (µg/1 level) in the field water blank, which indicated a severe risk of contamination during leachate sampling, handling of sample and/or analyses. Also in this study, the alteration of leachate samples during transport and storage was assessed. The results showed that preservation with 0.2 weight-% sodium azide immediately after sampling and storing at 48° C for a maximum of seven days in borosilicate glass bottles, resulted in the lowest loss of organic compounds from the samples. It has been evident since long that the reported character of sampled landfill leachates varies significantly. The variations can been assumed to sometimes origin from the sampling procedures used. In conclusion, the choice of sampling, transport, storage, and sample preparation before analyses is more crucial for the outcome of leachate characterisation studies than sometimes conceived.
Water and waste interactions in a modern landfill site
Authors: Marques Marcia
Published: October 2019

In a modem society employing recycling and re-use based on the closed-loop philosophy,a landfill site is more like an industrial facility than a mere final waste disposal site.Examples of activities carried out at a modem landfill site are: sorting of slag fromincineration residues for subsequent recycling; composting of garden waste and pollutedsoil or sludge; wood chipping for fuel production; crushing and sorting of constructionand demolition waste for road construction and anaerobic decomposition of organic wastefor biogas extraction and; landfilling. All these activities have transformed modemlandfill sites into large facilities, which have been called "waste management parks"(Marques, 2000). Within this perspective, different interactions between waste and waterare expected to generate different potential sources for pollution of surface water as wellas groundwater.Leachate is considered the most important (often the only) form of pollutant transport bywater at landfill sites. As a consequence, research and environmental monitoringprogrammes have traditionally focused mainly on leachate and, occasionally, on theoverland flow from covered landfills. A reduction in the potential pollution of landfills isforecasted due to changes in the composition of the waste landfilled, particularly in theEU state members. In the future waste will be pre-treated before landfilling and,therefore, more inert. Simultaneously, activities carried out in modem waste managementparks, other than landfilling will be intensified. Most of the waste management practicescarried out in such parks are exposed to rainfall. Untreated stormwater is in many casesdischarged directly to the recipient. It is thus important to regard stormwater runoff as asignificant potential form of water pollutant transport.This paper addresses some constraints faced when modelling the water flows andinteractions with solid waste fractions in a modem landfill site such as:• Water flow through the waste body (leachate generation) and pollutants transport; • Water flow through the unsaturated zone that separates the landfill bottom and theaquifer and groundwater contamination; • Stormwater runoff and pollutant transport from surfaces used for storage, sorting andtreatment (e.g.: composting, etc) of waste.
Expermental plant for the leachate treatment at Kaunas landfill, Lithuania
Authors: Rimeika Mindaugas , Karlaviciene Vilmante , Zimanciute Jurgita
Published: October 2019

Landfills make a negative impact on the environment all over the world, especially if theyare constructed and operated in nonconformity to the environment requirements. Thereare about eight hundred registered dumping sites in Lithuania, but just a few of them havebeen constructed according to the requirements and only one landfill has leachatetreatment plant. Only a few decades ago first attempts for introduction of environmentalcare instruments for landfill and leachate handling were made. Therefore, leachatetreatment methods and technologies are still under development and have not beencompletely settled. This article presents overview of leachate treatment technologyapplied in the Lapes Landfill (Lithuania, Kaunas). The overall situation in the LapesLandfill, concerning the volumes of collected waste and leachate quality has beenpresented. Lapes Landfill is second largest landfill in Lithuania and the first whereleachate treatment plant has been constructed across the country. The heart of constructedtreatment plants is aerobic reactor. The article presents review of the plants treatmentefficiency and as well the main problems. The pilot plant testing of leachate treatment atLapes Landfill has been carried out. Suggested leachate treatment technology ispresented.
Nonlinear deterministic modelling of ecological scenarios - typical predictions and limitations
Authors: Lindström Torsten , Lindberg Michael , Nammari Diauddin , Stolte Willem
Published: October 2019

Modelling population and commwiity dynamics has evolved a lot after the early attemptsby Malthus (1798), Darwin ( 1878), Lotka ( 1925), and Volterra ( 1926). The power ofnonlinear simple deterministic models is usually that they show right directions andVolterra's principle still remain a remarkable example of that Another benefit is thatmany properties of the models can be made visible in a geometric way to scientists withlittle or limited backgrowid in mathematics.Today more is known about species response to competition, nutrient limitation,predation and what environments support longer food-chains. In this paper we show howtypical communities like competing species, predator-prey systems, and food-chainsreply to changes in the environmental parameters.
Percepción de la enseñanza en cuidado humanizado vs la práctica formativa por estudiantes de enfermería
Authors: Gualdrón Marta , Barrera Ortega Kelly , Parra González Natalia
Published: October 2019

El cuidado humanizado debe ser el resultado de la interrelación disciplinar entre conocimiento y acción, para proporcionar atención afectiva y efectiva al paciente. Por esta razón, se considera importante evaluar las condiciones en que se ofrece el cuidado, las actitudes del personal de enfermería frente a los pacientes y familia, como base para el análisis cualitativo de la calidad del servicio ofrecido durante la aplicación de procedimientos médicos. El Trabajo cualitativo se desarrolló en con los estudiantes de enfermería de 4to a 9no semestre de la Universidad de Santander, Cúcuta – Colombia, donde por medio de la observación y entrevistas se establecieron las bases del análisis, objetivo de la investigación. Se evidencia la buena percepción que tienen los estudiantes durante su formación, siendo integralmente educados por los docentes en cuanto al cuidado humanizado y de esta manera aplicando lo aprendido en la práctica formativa, destacándose como estudiantes integrales. Igualmente, describen asertivamente el concepto de humanización, especificando que la humanización es la serie de cuidados que enfermería le proporciona al paciente en su estado físico y mental, preocupándose no sólo por los procedimientos científicos sino también por el acompañamiento, la escucha, el entorno y el dialogo con el paciente y su familia. Finalmente, afirmaron que han tenido experiencias en sus prácticas formativas que han marcado su vida como profesionales, donde han aprendido a colocarse en el lugar del otro y no solo tener una visión de paciente, si no verlo como un ser humano que siente, que sufre que necesita además de recibir tratamiento, recibir cuidados integrales para lograr su recuperación.
Valoración del riesgo biopsicosocial en gestantes de Cúcuta.
Authors: Moreno-Sánchez Yenni Magaly , García-Manrique María Mónica , Robles-Gil Goephry Rafael , Porras-Lara Jennifer Katherine
Published: October 2019

La responsabilidad de los profesionales de enfermería en el control prenatal es altamente comprometedora, si se toma encuenta que la resolución 0412 del 2000, la cual establece que la consulta de enfermería solo podrá ser realizada por enfermera (o) profesionalsiendo la única dentro de los programas de promoción y prevención que es catalogada de esta forma; siendo así la enfermera profesional el ejepara que el control prenatal se desarrolle con calidad y oportunidad, cumpliendo los parámetros establecidos en la guía de atención delministerio de salud. El control prenatal es la herramienta principal que las instituciones tienen para garantizar una gestación supervisada, y asílograr que el parto y el nacimiento ocurran en condiciones de calidad, sin consecuencias biológicas o psicológicas para el binomio madre-hijo.La presente investigación tuvo como principal objetivo analizar el riesgo biopsicosocial en las gestantes que asistieron a la cita de controlprenatal de la Unidad Básica Materno Infantil La Libertad, en la cual se utilizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, en donde se tomó unamuestra de 48 gestantes con no más de 18 semanas de gestación que asistieron en enero, febrero y marzo de 2018, las cuales se les aplicó laescala para la valoración de riesgo biopsicosocial. En el análisis de los resultados de las escalas aplicadas se presentaron con mayorprevalencia los siguientes factores; mal carácter, cefalea de tensión alta, llanto, insomnio, depresión, nerviosismo y tensión muscular.
Direccionamiento estratégico, una estrategia organizacional con alto impacto en el desarrollo laboral
Authors: Gutiérrez-Suarez Carlos , Rozo-Sánchez Astrid , Flórez-Garay Alexander
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo realiza una disertación sobre el direccionamiento estratégico como una estrategia organizacional con altoimpacto al desarrollo laboral, el cual hará uso de la recopilación de información de diversos ámbitos del conocimiento a fin de estructurar unaperspectiva práctica que pueda aplicarse a cualquier contexto laboral.
A Rare EGFR–SEPT14 Fusion in a Patient with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Responding to Erlotinib
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Hai-Bo , Chen Xian , Yang Xiaobing , Ye Yongsong , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Zheng Yaojie , Zhang Yihong
Published: October 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Growing evidence supports gene fusions as good candidates for molecularly targeted therapy in CRC. Here we describe a case of a 63-year-old man who had a radical right hemicolectomy procedure 24 months ago. Pathological diagnosis indicated colorectal adenocarcinoma with stage pT4N2bMx. During re-examination in December 2016, positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans indicated relapse with multiple lymph nodes metastasis. Then the patient received a nine-cycle combination treatment of XELOX and bevacizumab and showed progressive disease (PD). Subsequently, the patient was treated with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI for 2 months before discontinuation because of adverse events. Paraffin sections of postoperative colorectal tissue were subjected to next-generation sequencing, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and rare EGFR–SEPT14 fusion were identified. The patient then received erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and achieved a partial response. However, the patient subsequently showed PD, and a new variant, EGFRvIII, appeared in metastasis, which may be involved in erlotinib resistance. We suggest that there is value in treating patients harboring EGFR fusions with EGFR TKI therapy, and EGFR–SEPT14 fusion may be used as a therapeutic target for CRC.

Key Points

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of EGFR–SEPT14 fusion in colorectal cancer. The patient achieved a partial response after treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. This report expands the list of gene fusions in colorectal cancer and highlights new targets for the therapeutic intervention. EGFRvIII may be involved in erlotinib resistance, which is rare in colorectal cancer.
Suomen kielen käyttämiseen liittyvät tunteet, käsitykset ja toimijuus - Finnish language users’ emotions, beliefs and agency
Authors: Scotson Mia
Published: October 2019

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelen sosiokulttuurisen teorian näkökulmasta kahden korkeakoulutetun suomen kielen käyttäjän kielenoppimiseen ja kielen käyttämiseen liittyviä tunteita sekä sitä, miten tunteet ja käsitykset kytkeytyvät heidän toimijuuteensa kielenkäyttäjinä. Selvitän myös, millaisia muutoksia tunteissa, käsityksissä ja toimijuudessa on havaittavissa vuoden kuluessa. Pitkittäistutkimuksen aineisto koostuu pääasiassa haastatteluista, jotka on toteutettu aikuisten maahanmuuttajien kotoutumiskoulutuksen loppupuolella ja vuoden kuluttua koulutuksen päättymisestä. Kotoutumiskoulutuksen lopussa avainosallistujat kokivat kieliahdistukselle tyypillisiä tunteita ennen kaikkea suullisissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa informaalissa oppimisympäristössä. Tunteisiin kytkeytyivät osallistujien käsitykset itsestä, omasta kielitaidosta, kielenoppimisesta sekä puhe-kumppanista. Vuorovaikutusta vaikeutti erityisesti virheiden tekemisen pelko. Negatiiviset tunteet ja käsitykset rajoittivat osallistujien suomen kielen käyttäjän toimijuutta siten, että kotoutumiskoulutuksen lopussa osallistujat eivät hyödyntäneet ympäristönsä tarjoamia oppimismahdollisuuksia, vaan käyttivät mieluummin englantia vuorovaikutuksessa. Vuoden kuluessa kotoutumiskoulutuksen päättymisestä osal-listujien toimijuus suomen kielen käyttäjänä kehittyi eri suuntiin.
НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ АНАЛИЗА ПЛАТЕЖЕСПОСОБНОСТИ
Authors: Щербакова Надежда Филипповна
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена обоснованию направлений комплексного экономического анализа платежеспособности организации с использованием данных бухгалтерской отчетности и внутренней информации исследуемой организации. Платежеспособность свидетельствует о наличии денежных средств и их эквивалентов полностью и в срок погасить обязательства организации и прежде всего его текущие обязательства. Комплексный экономический анализ платежеспособности позволяет выявить как избыток, так и недостаток денежных средств, что влияет на финансовое состояние организации. В условиях рыночной экономики свободные денежные средства должны находиться в обороте и обеспечивать возможность получения экономической выгоды, которая станет в будущем залогом реализации инвестиционной, социальной политики и т.д. Определение дефицита денежных средств позволяет по результатам анализа своевременно принять обоснованные управленческие решения, направленные на ликвидацию угрозы возможного банкротства. Обсуждение: в статье представлены подходы ведущих ученых к пониманию платежеспособности, факторов на нее влияющих, роли коэффициентного метода анализа отчетности. Обоснованы этапы, показатели, оценки платежеспособности. В настоящее время не существует единого подхода к методике анализа платежеспособности организации, одной из составляющей которой является параметрический и информационный аспекты. Применение различных информационных ресурсов в процессе анализа позволяет расширить систему показателей, характеризующих платежеспособность, и тем самым более объективно оценить возможности организации в погашении своих обязательств. Результаты: автором обоснована система показателей оценки платежеспособности организации, базирующая на данных внешней и внутренней отчетности, приведена методика анализа исследуемой организации, дана интерпретация результатов анализа. В статье дана методика расчета показателей по данным бухгалтерского баланса, отчета о движении денежных средств, данных аналитического и бухгалтерского учета. Результаты анализа по указанным направлениям позволяют ответить на вопрос о величине коэффициентов ликвидности, притоках и оттоках денежных средств по видам операций, достаточности денежных средств, эффективности их использования, равномерности и ритмичности их движения.
ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЖИЗНИ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ: ЕСТЬ ЛИ СВЯЗЬ МЕЖДУ ДИНАМИКОЙ ЭТИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ?
Authors: Шимановский Дмитрий Викторович , Путин Максим Вадимович
Published: October 2019

Цель: целью настоящей статьи является выявление взаимосвязи между одной из важнейших характеристик качества жизни людей – продолжительностью жизни при рождении и двумя сферами человеческой деятельности: экономической (выраженной в росте ВРП) и экологической (выраженной в росте объемов загрязнений). Обсуждение: согласно методическим положениям современной экономической теории экономический рост является одной из приоритетных задач развития общества. При этом сам термин «экономической рост» обычно понимается как рост ВВП какой-либо страны или увеличение ВРП некоторого региона. Однако сторонники теории устойчивого развития ставят под сомнение теоретическое положение, согласно которому рост ВВП ведет к улучшению качества жизни людей в долгосрочной перспективе. Для достижения поставленной цели нами были применены эконометрические методы. В частности, была построена модель с фиксированными эффектами. Результат построения модели наглядно демонстрирует, что между ВРП и объемом загрязнений, с одной стороны, и продолжительностью жизни, с другой стороны, хоть и есть статистически значимая зависимость, однако степень влияния данных факторов на динамику продолжительности жизни отечественных граждан невелика. Экономический рост ведет к урбанизации, которая приводит к определенным социальным проблемам в обществе. Результаты: таким образом, результаты исследования подтверждают положения теоретиков устойчивого развития социо-эколого-экономических систем о том, что рост ВВП не всегда ведет к улучшению качества жизни людей и решению социальных проблем.
СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Гинтер Елена Валерьевна
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена вопросам стимулирования развития внешне­ экономической деятельности в агропромышленном производстве на примере Магаданской области. Обсуждение: современное состояние сельского хозяйства в Магаданской области требует пересмотра практических основ формирования устойчивого производства, в связи с этим актуальность приобретают вопросы поиска новых форм и методов обеспечения развития отрасли. В условиях укрепления экономической самостоятельности регионов определенного внимания заслуживают проблемы формирования эффективного регионального рынка сельскохозяйственной продукции, повышения конкурентоспособности которого возможно добиться благодаря углублению межрегиональных и межгосударственных продовольственных связей. Результаты: в работе обоснована актуальность внешнеэкономической деятельности в региональном аспекте и необходимость становления внешних связей с целью повышения экономической устойчивости регионов и эффективного развития отраслей, предложены административный и экономический рычаги стимулирования развития внешнеэкономического сотрудничества в агропромышленном комплексе Магаданской области.
Plastik Sanatlarda Küratör Figürü ve Sanatçının Araçsallaştırılması
Authors: KUŞ Metin
Published: October 2019

Görsel sanatlar, bütün uygarlıklarda, varoluşlarını çeşitli sosyal kültürel yapılarla ilişkilendirerek sağlamışlardır. Bu durum, görsel sanatların kendi dinamiklerinden kaynaklanan bir ihtiyaç değil daha çok izleyici konumundaki insanların algılamalarına ilişkin bir gereklilik olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Sanatın, ‘Batı Kültürü’ çerçevesindeki başlangıcı olarak kabul edilen ve tüm bu sürece karakterini ve biçimini vermiş olan Antik Yunan  kültürü içinde oluşmuş  sosyal yaşam, sanat, eğitim ve felsefe bağlamında oluşmuş paradigmaların günümüze kadar nasıl dönüştüğünü veya niteliksel olarak dönüşmeden yansıdığını  dil ve görsellik üzerinden genel hatlarıyla inceleyip bu olguyu günümüz toplumunun en önemli iletişim unsuru olan retorik ve bu unsurun görsel sanatlarda yaratmış olduğu küratör figürünü incelemek bu çalışmanın amacı olarak düşünülmüştür.
Fluorescent in vitro model to assess adhesion of Bd to A6 cells v1
Authors: Verbrugghe Elin
Published: October 2019

The largest current disease-induced loss of vertebrate biodiversity is due to chytridiomycosis and despite the increasing understanding of the pathogenesis, knowledge unravelling the early host-pathogen interactions remains limited. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)zoospores attach to and invade the amphibian epidermis, with subsequent invasive growth in the host skin. Availability of an in vitro assay would facilitate in depth study of this interaction while reducing the number of experimental animals needed. We describe a fluorescent cell-based in vitro infection model that reproduces host-Bd interactions. Using primary keratinocytes from Litoria caerulea and the epithelial cell line A6 from Xenopus laevis, we reproduced different stages of host cell infection and intracellular growth of Bd, resulting in host cell death, a key event in chytridiomycosis. The presented in vitro models may facilitate future mechanistic studies of host susceptibility and pathogen virulence.