bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partial energy balance closure of eddy covariance evaporation measurements using concurrent lysimeter observations over grassland
Authors: Widmoser Peter , Michel Dominik
Published: July 2020

Abstract. With respect to the ongoing discussion on the causes of the energy imbalance and approaches to force energy balance closure a method had been proposed which allows the partial latent heat flux closure (Widmoser and Wohlfahrt; 2018). In the present paper, this method is applied to four measurement stations over grassland under humid and semi-arid climate, where lysimeters (LY) and eddy covariance (EC) measurements were taken simultaneously. Results differ essentially from the ones quoted in literature. We distinguish between resulting EC-values weakly and strongly correlated to LY-observations as well as systematic and random deviations between LY- und EC-values. At the overall average, an excellent match could be achieved between LY and EC-measurements, which were partially closed with evaporation-linked weights. But there remain high differences between standard deviations of LY- and adjusted EC-values. For further studies we recommend data collected at time intervals even below half an hour. No correlation could be found between correction evaporation weights and weather indices. Only for some datasets a positive correlation between evaporation and the correcting evaporation weight could be found. This effect appears pronounced for cases with high radiation and plant water stress. Without further knowledge on the causes of energy imbalance one might perform full closure using equally distributed weights. Full closure, however, is not dealt with in this paper.
In situ observations of turbulent ship wakes and their potential
implications for vertical mixing
Authors: Nylund Amanda T. , Arneborg Lars , Tengberg Anders , Mallast Ulf , Hassellöv Ida-Maja
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In areas of intensive ship traffic, ships pass every ten minutes. Considering the amount of ship traffic and the fact that global maritime trade is predicted to increase, there is a need to consider all effects shipping has on the marine environment; both pollution and physical disturbances. This paper studies a previously disregarded physical disturbance, namely ship-induced vertical mixing in the turbulent wake. A characterization of the temporal and spatial scales of the turbulent wake is needed to estimate its effect on gas exchange, dispersion of pollutants, and to identify in which areas ship-induced vertical mixing could have an impact on local biogeochemical cycles. There is a lack of field measurements of turbulent wakes of real-size ships, and this study addresses that gap by in situ and ex situ measurements of the depth, width, length, intensity and longevity of the turbulent wake for ~240 ship passages of differently sized ships. A bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was placed at 32 m depth below the ship lane outside Gothenburg harbour, and used to measure wake depth and temporal longevity. Thermal satellite images of the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) onboard Landsat 8 were used to measure thermal wake width and spatial longevity, using satellite scenes from the major ship lane North of Bornholm, Baltic Sea. Automatic Information System (AIS) records from both the investigated areas were used to identify the ships inducing the wakes. The results from the ADCP measurements show median wake depths of ~ 10 m, and several occasions of wakes reaching depths > 18 m. The temporal longevity of the wakes had a median of around 8 min and several passages of > 20 min. The satellite analysis showed a median thermal wake length of 13.7 km, and the longest wake extended over 60 km, which would correspond to a temporal longevity of 1 h 42 min (for a ship speed of 20 knots). The median thermal wake width was 157.5 m. The measurements of the spatial and temporal scales are in line with previous studies, but the deep mixing and extensive longevity presented in this study, has not previously been documented. The results from this study have shown that ship-induced vertical mixing occurs at temporal and spatial scales large enough to imply that this process should be considered when estimating environmental impact from shipping in areas with intense ship traffic. Moreover, the possibility that deep vertical mixing could occur in a highly frequent manner highlights the need of further studies to better characterize the spatial and temporal development of the turbulent wake.
A systems-based approach to parameterise seismic hazard in regions with little historical or instrumental seismicity: The South Malawi Active Fault Database
Authors: Williams Jack N. , Mdala Hassan , Fagereng Åke , Wedmore Luke N. J. , Biggs Juliet , Dulanya Zuze , Chindandali Patrick , Mphepo Felix
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Seismic hazard is frequently characterised using instrumental seismic records. However, in regions where the instrumental record is short relative to earthquake repeat times, extrapolating it to estimate seismic hazard can misrepresent the probable location, magnitude, and frequency of future large earthquakes. Although paleoseismology can address this challenge, this approach requires certain geomorphic settings and carries large inherent uncertainties. Here, we outline how fault slip rates and recurrence intervals can be estimated through an approach that combines fault geometry, earthquake-scaling relationships, geodetically derived regional strain rates, and geological constraints of regional strain distribution. We then apply this approach to the southern Malawi Rift where, although no on-fault slip rate measurements exist, there are theoretical and observational constraints on how strain is distributed between border and intrabasinal faults. This has led to the development of the South Malawi Active Fault Database (SMAFD), the first database of its kind in the East African Rift System (EARS) and designed so that the outputs can be easily incorporated into Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis. We estimate earthquake magnitudes of MW 5.4–7.2 for individual fault sections in the SMAFD, and MW 6.0–7.8 for whole fault ruptures. These potentially high magnitudes for continental normal faults reflect southern Malawi's 11–140 km long faults and thick (30–35 km) seismogenic crust. However, low slip rates (intermediate estimates 0.05–0.8 mm/yr) imply long recurrence intervals between events: 102–105 years for border faults and 103–106 years for intrabasinal faults. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the large range of these estimates can be reduced most significantly from an improved understanding of the rate and partitioning of rift-extension in southern Malawi, earthquake scaling relationships, and earthquake rupture scenarios. Hence these are critical areas for future research. The SMAFD provides a framework for using geological and geodetic information to characterize seismic hazard in low strain rate settings with few on-fault slip rate measurements, and could be adapted for use elsewhere in the EARS or globally.
Soil: the great connector of our lives now and beyond COVID-19
Authors: Poch Rosa M. , dos Anjos Lucia H. C. , Attia Rafla , Balks Megan , Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto , Bolaños-Benavides Martha M. , Calzolari Costanza , Chabala Lydia M. , de Ruiter Peter C. , Francke-Campaña Samuel , García Préchac Fernando , Graber Ellen R. , Halavatau Siosiua , Hassan Kutaiba M. , Hien Edmond , Jin Ke , Khan Mohammad , Konyushkova Maria , Lobb David A. , Moshia Matshwene E. , Murase Jun , Nziguheba Generose , Patra Ashok K. , Pierzynski Gary , Rodríguez Eugenio Natalia , Vargas Rojas Ronald
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Humanity depends on the existence of healthy soils, both for the production of food and for ensuring a healthy, biodiverse environment, among other functions. COVID-19 is threatening food availability in many places of the world due to the disruption of food chains, lack of workforce, closed borders and national lockdowns. As a consequence, more emphasis is being given to local food production, which may lead to more intensive cultivation of vulnerable areas and to soil degradation. In order to increase the resilience of populations facing this pandemic and future global crises, transitioning to a paradigm that relies more heavily on local food production on soils that are carefully tended and protected through sustainable management, is necessary. To reach this goal, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ITPS) recommends five active strategies: improved access to land, sound land use planning, sustainable soil management, enhanced research, and investments in education and extension.
Consciência identitária dos propósitos e meios do Serviço Social: resultados de um estudo empírico dos assistentes sociais
Authors: Sousa Paula , Caria Telmo , Almeida José Luis
Published: July 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar parte de los resultados empíricos de una encuesta aplicada a los trabajadores sociales en el norte de Portugal. El cuestionario apunta a obtener información sobre la conciencia discursiva que estos profesionales tienen de la relación entre conocimiento formal e identidad profesional, a través del uso que hacen en contexto de trabajo del conocimiento que tienen sobre las grandes finalidades y medios de intervención social. La selección de estos dos temas para este estudio empírico se justifica porque, por hipótesis, se entendió ser los más generales y transversales a todos los sectores de actividad del servicio social y que, por eso, pueden tener mayor valor institucional para basar y fortalecer la identidad profesional. En consecuencia, los datos presentados tuvieron como objetivo responder a dos hipótesis: (i) saber el grado de consistencia y unidad que existe entre los conocimientos sobre las finalidades y los conocimientos sobre los medios de intervención; (ii) saber cuál es el grado de transversalidad y homogeneidad que existe en el uso de estos conocimientos considerando la variación generacional, institucional de formación y sectorial de actividad. Las principales conclusiones son las que existe un grado suficientemente elevado de consistencia y transversalidad en el uso de estos conocimientos para soportar el fortalecimiento de una identidad profesional en trabajo social.
Estado do conhecimento sobre história da alimentação indígena no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Tamiris Maia Gonçalves , De Magalhães Sônia Maria , Nazareno Elias
Published: July 2020

A presente pesquisa contextualiza as abordagens recentes desenvolvidas no âmbito da História da Alimentação, com foco na alimentação indígena. Se anteriormente, até a década de 1950, as pesquisas sobre alimentação eram marcadas por abordagens folclóricas e econômicas, os estudos posteriores sobre a temática trouxeram novas perspectivas. Houve no Brasil o impulsionamento das produções que privilegiaram questões relacionadas a identidade, os hábitos, a saúde e o consumo. Propomos, então, uma descrição e análise dos livros, dissertações e teses que privilegiam a alimentação indígena no Brasil, que permitem a percepção dessa mudança de enfoque. De antemão afirmamos que a alimentação se tornou alvo de novos questionamentos. Com as preocupações voltadas para as políticas ambientais, que buscam implementar a sustentabilidade no manejo do ambiente diante dos novos problemas ecológicos; com os discursos sobre o saudável nutricional e sobre as transformações ocorridas a partir das novas relações entre campo e cidade; a comida permitiu que discussões caminhassem para além das paredes das universidades e instituições acadêmicas, abrindo possibilidades de investigações que abrangessem também os povos indígenas.
Uma responsabilidade pelo que não fizemos? A memória como fundamento da responsabilidade histórica em Walter Benjamin e Reyes Mate
Authors: Justino Diogo
Published: July 2020

Este artigo pretende explorar as relações entre memória e história a partir das experiências de violência e injustiça, pensando a centralidade das vítimas para uma teoria da justiça. Abordaremos os vínculos entre presente e passado em Walter Benjamin e a noção de memória da injustiça como fundamento de uma ideia de responsabilidade histórica em Reyes Mate; ou seja, uma responsabilidade que extrapola os limites da responsabilidade individual-liberal-jurídica. Pensar o presente a partir do passado, sobretudo a partir das experiencias de injustiça, seria pensar também as responsabilidades que as gerações do futuro possuem com relação às gerações do passado.
ANÁLISE ERGONÔMICA DO TRABALHO EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO PÚBLICA DE ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Wolf William Felipe , Santos Gomes Myller Augusto , Da Silva Vander Luiz , Tebcherani Sergio Mazurek
Published: July 2020

Por diversos motivos como ocorrência de dores, perda de produtividade, queixas, entre outros problemas, é realizada a intervenção ergonômica do trabalho. As ações necessárias são aplicadas visando minimizar danos à saúde e ao bem estar humano, oriundos de tarefas do trabalho. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo apresentar um estudo de análise ergonômica do trabalho, desenvolvido em uma instituição de Ensino a Distância (EaD). Uma análise bibliométrica foi realizada em âmbito internacional, bem como, um estudo de caso em uma instituição no Brasil, conduzido. No estudo de caso, a análise ergonômica envolveu 31 mediadores (os profissionais que atuam na instituição EaD para comunicação entre o autor de disciplinas e estudantes, principalmente). Como resultados, as condições organizacionais do trabalho se destacaram - situadas no nível macro da ergonomia. De fato elas desempenharam maiores influencias e impactos ao grupo de trabalhadores avaliado
LOGÍSTICA AVANÇADA NA GESTÃO DE NOVOS PROJETOS
Authors: De Sousa Alexandre Aparecido , Viagi Arcione Ferreira
Published: July 2020

. O presente artigo busca apresentar a interação entre PPCP-Planejamento Programação e Controle da Produção e APQP-Advanced Product Quality Planning ou Planejamento avançado da qualidade do produto, processo desenvolvido inicialmente no fim dos anos 80 por uma comissão de especialistas de três das maiores empresas automobilística americana, composta por Ford, General Motors e Chrysler. Aplicando características de métodos empregados neste artigo descritas como abordagem qualitativa com natureza de pesquisa aplicada e método exploratório e de pesquisa bibliográfica, em uma empresa fornecedora TIER I-Fornecedor nível 1, atuante há 70 anos no mercado nacional, demonstrando como a padronização e critérios para a realização de administração de novos materiais e planejamento de produção, através da explosão da BoM, consolidação de lead times, capacidade produtiva, e follow up com auxílio do módulos MM e PP do ERP SAP, pode demonstrar eficácia e eficiência do processo de PPCP atuante na gestão de projetos, mitigando falhas no processo de lançamento de novos produtos.
EVASÃO EM CURSO DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO DE UM INSTITUTO FEDERAL
Authors: Conceição Ariana Porto da , Longhini Tatielle Menolli , Oliveira Yury Aranha de
Published: July 2020

A evasão é um dos maiores e mais preocupantes desafios do sistema educacional. Este trabalho identificou as causas de evasão do curso de bacharelado em Engenharia de Produção do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais – Campus Governador Valadares – MG, por meio da coleta de dados dos alunos evadidos no período de 2010 a 2019. Com isso, foram analisados dados da vida pregressa e acadêmica do aluno, que se relacionam com as variáveis propostas pelos modelos explicativos de evasão. Observou-se que grande parte dos evadidos possuíam idade entre 18 e 22 anos, e que mais da metade evadiu enquanto cursavam até o 3º período do curso. Além disso, percebe-se uma tendência de crescimento para os próximos anos, alertando a Instituição de que é necessária uma busca por soluções para este problema.
EVALUATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF HEAT HOTSPOTS IN THE CHAPADA DOS GUIMARÃES-MT NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Machado Neto Arlindo De Paula , Batista Antonio Carlos , Soares Ronaldo Viana , Biondi Daniela , Batista Anderson Pedro Bernardina , Oliveira Angele Tatiane Martins
Published: July 2020

The study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of heat sources inside and outside the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park (PNCG) in the State of Mato Grosso. The analyzes were performed through the estimate of kernel density (KDE) and Ripley's K function from 2005 to 2014. The data related to the number of hot spots were obtained from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) from 2005 to 2014, and the vector files were acquired from the cartographic base of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In the 10 years of analysis, 579 hot spots were detected in the PNCG, where it was found that the months of August and September had the highest incidence of hot spots in the park. The kernel maps demonstrated that most hotspots were observed in the years 2007, 2010 and 2012. The years 2005 and 2013 presented average densities and the years 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2014 indicated low density of the hot spots. Ripley's K function, calculated to observe the spatial distribution of the hot spots, rejected the hypothesis of complete spatial randomness (CSR), indicating that they showed a tendency to cluster during the study time series at the PNCG.
Natural durability and chemical composition of the Liquidambar sp. wood
Authors: Freitas Thais Pereira , Benigno Paes Juarez , Da Silva Oliveira José Tarcísio , Torezani Neto Boschetti Walter , Nava Soratoo Déborah , Silva de Jesus Márcia
Published: July 2020

The wood is a material of biological origin and because of its chemical composition is subject to the attack of various organisms that use it as a source of food. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the natural durability and chemical composition of the Liquidambar sp. wood. Were performed the accelerated laboratory test, with a pure culture of the Postia placenta fungus, causer of brown rot , and no choice-feeding of termites Nasutitermes corniger. After both tests, the samples were dried in an oven at 103 ± 2ºC until reaching constant mass and later weighed, to evaluate the percentage of mass loss. The contents of extractives, soluble, insoluble and total lignin, and holocellulose were also determined. The studied wood obtained losses of mass of 37.79% and 23.37%, when submitted to the action of fungus and termites, respectively, and an average extractive content equal to 4.13%. It is concluded that the Liquidambar sp. wood was moderate resistance to the attack of the brown rot fungus, and little resistant to the action of employed termites.
VIABILITY OF THE MINI-CUTTING TECHNIQUE IN THE PRODUCTION OF Drimys brasiliensis Miers SEEDLINGS
Authors: Maggioni Renata De Almeida , Romanini Netto Emilio , Latoh Leandro Porto , Koehler Henrique Soares , Zuffellato-Ribas Katia Christina
Published: July 2020

Drimys brasiliensis, popularly known as cataia or casca-d'anta, is a tree species native to the Atlantic Forest and belonging to the family Winteraceae. Due to its seeds have dormancy due to embryonic immaturity, the present work aimed to evaluate the viability of the mini-cutting technique in D. brasiliensis in different seasons of collection of the propagules. Mini-cuttings from seedlings sprouts previously produced by conventional cutting were collected at six different times (December/2015, February/2016, April/2016, June/2016, August/2016 and October/2016), made 6-8 cm long, with bevel cut at the base and rectum at the apex, keeping two leaves with their area halved. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates and 14 mini-cuttings per experimental unit. The mini-cuttings were planted in tubes with substrate containing vermiculite and carbonized rice husk (1:1) and kept in a heated greenhouse. After 120 days, the percentage of rooted mini-cuttings, number of roots per mini-cuttings, length of the three largest roots by mini-cuttings, percentage of mini-cuttings with callus, live, dead, with shoots and leaves that maintained their original leaves were evaluated. Rooting percentages of mini-cuttings were greater than 75% regardless of the season of the year in which the propagules were collected. The adventitious root formation of D. brasiliensis occurs indirectly, from the callus tissue formed at the base of the mini-cuttings. The mini-cuttings technique is recommended for the production of seedlings of the species, at any seasons of the year.
BIOMETRIC DIVERSITY OF FRUIT AND SEEDS OF BARBATIMÃO [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] IN NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Ferreira Bicalho Thaís , Oliveira Barbosa Lorena , Moura Fernandes Thaíse Ohana , Martins Ernane Ronie , Satomi Kazama Verônica , Jonas Longhi Solon
Published: July 2020

Conservation, the use of sustainable management techniques and the development of management plans for the extraction of barbatimão are strategies to reduce their unbridled exploitation and threat of extinction. The aim of this study was to characterize and verify the biometric diversity of fruits and seeds from different localities for the collection of barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] in the North of Minas Gerais. The fruits used were collected in nine locations in northern Minas Gerais in August 2014. The weight, length and width of the fruits were evaluated, and in the seeds, the weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the number of intact, malformed and predated seeds. Biometric data were submitted to multivariate analysis of clusters, discriminant and main components. The locations were grouped into four groups, and group 1, consisting of the locations MIR1 (Mirabela), BRM2 (Brasília de Minas) and MIR2 (Mirabela), presented the best biometric characteristics, being thus indicated for matrix selection. The morphological variations were greater within the locality than between the localities, and the most important variables for the study of seed biometrics were the number of seeds per fruit, the weight of the seeds and the numbers of intact and predated seeds.
GENETIC PARAMETERS OF Eucalyptus spp. CLONES IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Furlan Rodrigo Andrade , Tambarussi Evandro Vagner , Moraes Cristiano Bueno
Published: July 2020

Brazil is the largest charcoal producers in the world, with the main centers of charcoal consumption located in the states of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, and Pará. Planting of Eucalyptus in the northern and northeastern states of Brazil is relatively new and is limited the lack of genetic materials adapted to the region’s high temperatures and severe, prolonged periods of drought. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic parameters and variability and determine the genotype x environment interaction for drought tolerance in Eucalyptus clonal tests established in two environments in the municipality of Grajaú, Maranhão State, Brazil. The tests were planted in January 2011 in clayey and sandy soils in a randomized complete block design with 130 clones, one plant per plot, and 20 replicates. The studied clones showed high genetic variability for drought tolerance, with coefficients of relative variance () consistently greater than 0.8 for DBH and volume. This indicates high levels of genetic control and less influence of environmental factors on the phenotype, which allows for selection and obtaining gains through breeding. Heritability estimates were high for growth traits, with average clone heritabilities () greater than 0.85, as well as acuracies () above 0.9 for DBH and volume in clone selection. There was a simple interaction between genotype x environment for the clones under the two different soil conditions.
EFFECTS OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND COMPOSTED SEWAGE SLUDGE SUBSTRATES ON THE GROWTH AND QUALITY OF CLONAL EUCALYPTUS SEEDLINGS
Authors: Gabira Mônica Moreno , Da Silva Richardson Barbosa Gomes , Mateus Caroline De Moura D’Andréa , Villas Boas Roberto Lyra , Da Silva Magali Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrates made of composted sewage sludge and irrigation depths on the growth and quality of E. grandis x E. urophylla cuttings to optimize water management for each substrate. The substrates were obtained from sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse or Eucalyptus bark, namely: composted sewage sludge with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v); sewage sludge composted with Eucalyptus bark (1:3 v:v) and a mixture of both substrates in a volumetric proportion 2:1 (v:v). Commercial substrate composed of Sphagnum peat, vermiculite and rice husk (3:1:1 v:v: v) was used as a control. The irrigation depths tested were 11, 14 and 17 mm, applied in two daily applications. The substrates were physically and chemically characterized and height, stem diameter, shoot, root and total dry mass, Dickson quality index and root system conformation were measured to determine the growth and quality of seedlings. The substrates obtained through the composting of sewage sludge with sugarcane bagasse or Eucalyptus bark are fit for producing Eucalyptus cuttings, however, the water specificity of each substrate must be considered. Although an 11mm irrigation depth is indicted for the mixture of both substrates (2:1 v:v), a 17mm irrigation depth is needed for the sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v) substrate.
CCB RETENTION AND PENETRATION IN EUCALYPTUS FENCE POSTS IN FUNCTION OF CONDITION OF PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT
Authors: Lima Pedro Augusto Fonseca , Gouveia Fernando Nunes , Baraúna Edy Eime Pereira , Sette Jr Carlos Roberto
Published: July 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the industrial preservative treatment with Chromated Copper Borate (CCB) in different concentrations and pressure time in the autoclave through retention and penetration in Eucalyptus wood. Nine Eucalyptus trees were felled, debarking and cut into fence posts with a length of 2.20 meters and diameters ranging from 9.2 to 15.4 cm. The Eucalyptus fence posts were submitted to the industrial autoclave (Bethel method) in nine conditions, according to the CCB concentration and the pressure times: 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% and 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The retention and penetration tests were performed. The application of 1.5% CCB concentration and 30 minutes of pressure in the autoclave provided penetration and retention according to the levels required for the application of the wood as fence posts in contact with the soil, and is the conditions indicated for the treatment E. urograndis wood preservative with CCB.
SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOST ASSOCIATED TO FREQUENCY OF IRRIGATION FOR Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION
Authors: Oliveira Cleto da Silva Laura , Da Fonseca Aline Cássia , Lozano Sivisaca Deicy Carolina , Ribeiro da Silva Magali , Lyra Villas Boas Roberto , Amaral Guerrini Iraê
Published: July 2020

Inappropriate disposal of sewage sludge has become an environmental problem. In some Brazilian states, such as São Paulo, in natura sewage sludge use is practically prohibited due to restrictive requirements by CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. Therefore, a very promising alternative to reuse this residue is to compost it with other materials and use it as a substrate in the production of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of the seedlings of Peltophorum dubium in compost with sewage sludge, to determine which frequency of irrigation would be more adequate according to the physical characteristics of each substrate, and if this would influence the morphological and nutritional variables of the seedlings. Two composts were produced: sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse and sewage sludge composted with eucalyptus bark, both in 1: 1 proportion. Commercial substrate was used for control. This study was completely randomized in a 3x3 factorial design, which three substrates and three frequencies of irrigation were tested: two, three and four times per day. The evaluated parameters were: plant height, stem diameter ratio, shoot / root ratio, leaf dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, green color index, Dickson quality index (IQD), water loss through leaching and substrate water retain capacity. The best results were observed in the seedlings produced in sewage sludge compound with eucalyptus bark submitted to the frequencies of two or three times a day.
ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WOOD MARKETED AS “TAUARI” (LECYTHIDACEAE) IN PARÁ STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Dos Santos Joielan Xipaia , Vieira Helena Cristina , Da Silva Eliane Lopes , De Muñiz Graciela Inés Bolzon , Reis Alisson Rodrigo Souza , Nisgoski Silvana
Published: July 2020

Anthropogenic pressure on the forest resources of the Brazilian Amazon, partly caused by illegal logging, has contributed to increase the list of endangered Brazilian flora species, as is the case of some representatives of the family Lecythidaceae. In this way, aiming to contribute to the control of the illegal cutting of the trees, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize samples of wood marketed as belonging to the “tauari” group, in order to provide support for species-level identification. Samples were obtained from 15 sawmills in 10 municipalities in the state of Pará in June and July 2016. The species identification was confirmed by comparison with standard samples from the wood collections of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi and Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Three samples were identified as not belonging to the “tauari” group: Eschweilera sp. (matamatá-branco), Cedrela sp. (cedro) and Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho). The other 17 samples belonged to the “tauari” group with three distinct species: Couratari stellata, C. oblongifolia and C. guianensis. All species from Lecythidaceae family presented similarity in anatomical structure of wood, at macroscopic and microscopic level. The adoption of a single popular name by logging companies in the state of Pará to designate timber from the “tauari” group masks information about the diversity of species traded and compromises the end use of timber and the trust between buyer and seller.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASURING TREE VOLUMES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANAPU, PARÁ, BRAZIL
Authors: Leão Fabio Miranda , Miranda Izildinha De Souza , Dos Santos Graciliano Galdino Alves , Emmert Fabiano , Nascimento Rodrigo Geroni Mendes
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to compare three methods of measuring the volume of individual trees used extensively as a basis for adjusting volumetric functions in areas under forest management in the Brazilian Amazon, and verify the influence of species and diameter classes in obtaining the volume of individual trees.   A total of 53 sample trees belonging to five species were analyzed and separated into three diametric classes.  The real volume (VR) was obtained using Smalian’s method on fixed sections of 2 meters intervals along the stem; the geometric volume (VG) was also obtained by Smalian’s method, but with the lengths of the various sections along the stem.  Volume loss (VP) was subtracted from the VR to obtain the usable volume (VA).  An ANOVA in a factorial design (5 x 3 x 3) was performed to verify the effect of 5 species, 3 diameter classes, and 3 volume measurement methods (VR, VG, and VA) on the different volumes obtained.  The 3 factors did affect the outcome of the analysis, but there were no interactions found between these variables.  The volumes obtained by cubic scaling with different lengths (VG) presented a lower mean volume than VR.  Although there was no difference between the means of VA and VR, wood loss was 6.5% of the total volume. There is a relationship between section length and volume loss, according to the presence of hollows, twists and cracks in the logs in the largest diameter classes.
Brazilian landscape styles and tree biodiversity in public garden squares
Authors: Viezzer Jennifer , Biondi Daniela , Batista Antonio Carlos , Martini Angeline , De Moraes Emidio Neves
Published: July 2020

The main features of the Brazilian contemporary landscape style are the recovery of degraded areas and the use of indigenous species. This study aimed at analyzing the vegetation of the Curitiba-PR public garden squares to verify if the areas created during the contemporary period (from 1990 on) have a greater diversity of tree species than other squares and, therefore, are more significant for biodiversity conservation. For this, 32 of the city's 454 squares were sampled as determined by statistical calculation, then classified by creation year and landscape style. Trees species, families, and individuals were identified and classified as to their origin; and the variables richness; average species; number of individuals; density of individuals; and the Shannon, Pielou, and Odum indexes were analyzed. The 15 contemporary style squares presented 399 individuals of 54 species and 27 families, with 43.61% of the individuals and 50.00% of the species of exotic origin; individuals average of 26.60 ±9.72 per square and 43.09 ±35.13 per hectare; species average of 6.93 ±4.98 per square and 13.95 ±10.63 per hectare; and diversity indexes of Shannon 3.39, Pielou 0.85, and Odum 9.02. The squares in the contemporary style presented higher diversity indexes, but they have, on average, fewer species, families, and individuals, in addition to a greater proportion of exotic species and individuals. These results indicate that these squares did not follow the typical characteristics of the contemporary style and are of no greater significance for biodiversity conservation when compared to other squares.
ESTIMATES OF PRODAN’S SAMPLING METHOD APPLIED TO NELDER'S SYSTEMATIC DESIGN
Authors: Alba da Silva Franciele , Péllico Netto Sylvio , Behling Alexandre , Marinheski Filho Ataídes , Cerqueira Ciqueira Cláudio
Published: July 2020

Prodan’s sampling method presents relevant characteristics to obtain estimates of the dendrometric variables per hectare in a Nelder systematic design, because it is practical method and maintains the same number of trees sampled in all sample units for the different spacings. The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of the estimates number of trees, basal area, and volume per hectare in different spacings with the Prodan’s sampling method, under the hypothesis that these estimates show decreasing behavior with increasing spacing. The data used in the study are from an experiment with nine Nelder plots, established with ten clones of Eucalyptus spp., in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. From the center of the sample unit – SU a reference tree was selected, and the eight nearest trees composed the SU. The estimates of number of trees, basal area and volume per hectare were calculated using the Prodan’s method estimators. Statistical differences between the estimates of the clones and between their spacing were evaluated by multivariate profile analysis. The behavior of the dendrometric variables was inversely proportional to spacing, that is, their estimates decreased with the  increase of spacing. The number of trees is more influenced by spacing, and additionally with plant genetic material and mortality also influenced estimates of basal area and volume per hectare. Prodan’s sampling method is appropriate and practical to obtain the estimates per hectare in Nelder’s design because it is not necessary to measure all the trees of the experiment. What do you want to do ?New mailCopy
EFFECT OF WORKING RANGE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS OF HARVESTING MACHINES IN A EUCALYPTUS STAND
Authors: Ruthes Diane Janaine , Lopes Eduardo Da Silva , Rodrigues Carla Krulikowski , Da Silva Matheus Kaminski Candido , Canesso Ranielle Camilo
Published: July 2020

Wood harvesting should be planned to reduce environmental impacts by minimizing machine traffic, increase productivity and reduce costs. In this context, the aim of this study was evaluate the effect of working range on operational performance of a harvester and forwarder in a Eucalyptus saligna stand under a clear cutting regime. The study was carried out in Paraná State, Brazil, in a cut‐to‐length system in cutting and wood extraction operations in two working ranges: T1 - width of 12 m with a cut of four planting lines; and T2 - width of 18 m with a cut of six planting lines. A time and motion study was performed to determine work cycle times, productivity, production costs, and machine traffic, with working ranges compared by the t-test (α = 0.05) for independent samples. The results showed that the wood processing and loading elements consumed the longest operating cycle time in cutting and wood extraction. The harvester machine presented higher productivity (61.05 m³ PMH0-1) in the T1 working range, while the forwarder was superior (48.32 m³ PMH0-1) in the T2 working range. Regarding the wood harvesting system, it was observed that the T2 working range enabled a reduction of 1% in production costs, which is important when considering the large scale production of the company, while there was a 33.4% reduction in traffic. Therefore, an increase in machines’ working range can provide operational and environmental benefits to wood harvesting operations in forest plantations.
NATURAL DURABILITY OF Cupressus lusitanica, Cryptomeria japonica AND Pinus taeda WOODS IN FIELD TRIAL
Authors: Vivian Magnos Alan , Nunes Gláucia Cota , Dobner Jr. Mário , Modes Karina Soares , Grosskopf Évelyn Janaina , Belini Ugo Leandro
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural durability of Cupressus lusitanica, Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus taeda woods subjected to a rotting field trial, through mass loss and deterioration index. The trial was conducted in an open field in the city of Curitibanos, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for a 24-month period, with evaluations carried out every 6 months. For developing the study, we used the woods of Cupressus lusitanica (16 years), Cryptomeria japonica (16 years) and Pinus taeda (juvenile=15 years and mature wood>30 years) species, from which test specimens were made with the dimensions of 2.5 x 5.0 x 50.0 cm in thickness, width and length, respectively, following the standards suggested by IUFRO. After 24 months of exposure to the rotting field the woods of C. japonica and C. lusitanica species showed a deterioration index that reflected an evident but moderate attack of fungi and termites, while the woods of P. taeda (juvenile) and P. taeda (mature) showed deterioration index that reflected an intense rotting and intense attack of termites. Regarding the mass loss the woods of C. japonica and C. lusitanica were classified as highly resistant, while P. taeda (juvenile) was considered resistant and P. taeda (mature) was considered moderately resistant. In general, the woods of C. lusitanica and C. japonica showed greater natural durability when used in contact with the soil.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND STRUCTURAL VARIATION OF Copaifera arenicola IN A CAATINGA FRAGMENT
Authors: Gama Dráuzio Correia , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Jesus Janisson Batista de , Nascimento Júnior José Monteiro do
Published: July 2020

The study of spatial distribution of tree populations has proven to be important for revealing how individuals are horizontally organized in the environment, facilitating the structural understanding and forms of colonization and dispersion of propagules. The present work aimed at studying the pattern of spatial distribution of tree species Copaiferaarenicola [(Ducke) J. Costa e L.P.Queiroz] and its structural relation with the altimetric profile in a Caatinga fragment in Ribeira do Pombal municipality, Bahia. Census of all individuals in the area with circumference at breast height (CBH) ≥ 6 cm was performed. The spatial distribution analysis was conducted for the whole population using Ripley K univariate function, with maximum search radius (h) of 128 m. 409 individuals were found, corresponding to absolute density of 89.49 ind. ha-1 and 0.681 m². ha-1 of basal area. The group of C. arenicola individuals corresponds to a stable population in expansion phase, presenting higher number of young and medium individuals. The pattern of spatial distribution of individuals in the area under study was the uniform arrangement. None of the altimetric classes of the area had a different influence on the structure and distribution of arboreal individuals.
Admiration, Emulation, and the Description of Character
Authors: Vasalou Sophia
Published: July 2020

The emotion of admiration has recently captured the interest of philosophers and empirical psychologists, with attention especially focused on its implications for the moral domain. Central to these discussions is the claim that admiration of virtuous exemplars leads us to emulate them. Beginning from this familiar claim, in this paper I take a different approach by focusing on the expressive dimension of this affective experience. George Eliot’s best-known novel, Middlemarch, serves as a reference point for my discussion. Bracketing thicker forms of emulation, a more basic form of mimesis that the admiration of character naturally elicits is the attempt to represent this character to others. This descriptive project is attended by challenges of different kinds that tell us something important about its nature and parameters. The description of character is here motivated by a desire to convert others to one’s reasons. It is not so much a science as an art, one that demotes the standard virtues to the status of merely one, often not maximally expressive, tool among others. How does narrative mimesis become real-life emulation? How do encounters with outstanding character change us? One way of answering this question involves highlighting the role of such encounters in giving focus and content to desire, helping develop what Adam Smith called the standard of “absolute perfection.” Yet sensitivity to beauty of character is not merely a means to the formation of good character but one of its very constituents.
Archives of Pain, Methodologies of Care: Caring for the “Gold” and “Diamonds” in the 1992 Notes of Al Moreno
Authors: Obando Mario Alberto
Published: July 2020

Charting the familial, emotive, and material histories located in and surrounding the notes taken at the death bed of Al Moreno, this paper explores the cultural memory of the keeper of the notes and niece of Moreno, Janelle Delgado. In defining the notes from her familial archive as treasure, I discuss Delgado as a cultural agent enacting a “methodology of care” where her acts are not frivolous but rather a humane counter act and narrative to the devaluing narratives of immigrant sexual excess and social deviancy so explicitly heightened during the Trump era. The paper asks: what happens to Mexican American identity when the histories of indigeneity and immigration status come to the forefront of familial and cultural memory during an ever-intensified xenophobic national discourse?
Effect of integrative nursing practices on cognitive recovery among severe traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Othman Sahar Younes , Mohamed Alaa Mostafa , El-Soussi Azza Hamdi , Abd El-Monaem Sherif Ahmed , Ahmed Fatma Refaat
Published: July 2020

Background and objective: Cognitive recovery after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the biggest challenge facing the critical care nurses (CCNs). Several studies have been reported that the majority of CCNs are concerned with providing conventional nursing practices to severe TBI patients. These practices are directed to stabilize patients’ status rather than to enhance cognitive recovery after TBI. Application of integrative nursing practices for TBI patients can help in enhancing cognitive recovery. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of integrative nursing practices on cognitive recovery among severe traumatic brain injury patients.Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. A convenience sample was conducted on 60 adult patients suffering from severe TBI who admitted to the intensive care units of Alexandria Main University Hospital. Patients were assigned into study group (30 patients) and control group (30 patients). One tool was used for data collection namely “Cognitive Recovery Assessment Tool”. This tool was used to assess recovery of cognitive function domains. It consists of level of consciousness using Full Outline of Un-Responsiveness (FOUR) score, level of cognitive functioning using Rancho Los Amigos (RLA) scale and basic cognitive sensory recovery assessment using Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP) scale.Results: The implementation of integrative nursing practices for the study group was associated with statistically significant positive effects. Patients in the study group showed higher means of consciousness revealed by FOUR score and cognitive function revealed by RLA scale. The basic cognitive sensory recovery revealed by WNSSP scale in the study group was also significantly improved.Conclusions: Implementation of integrative nursing practices has been shown to enhance cognitive recovery among severe TBI patients. Thus, it is recommended for use in a nurse’s daily routine of care for severe TBI patients.
Estresse ocupacional em professores moçambicanos da educação inclusiva
Authors: Aliante Gildo , Mussa Abacar , Pereira Angelina Mualaquia
Published: July 2020

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o estresse ocupacional e as estratégias de enfrentamento em professores da Educação Inclusiva. Participaram do estudo 15 professores moçambicanos que trabalham num Centro de Recursos de Educação Inclusiva na província de Nampula. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário misto, no qual incluía dados sociodemográficos e profissionais, Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp e algumas questões abertas. A análise de conteúdo categorial das respostas mostrou que os professores perceberam o seu trabalho como estressante. A sintomatologia de estresse foi predominantemente de ordem física. As principais fontes de estresse dos professores foram de natureza situacional. Para fazer face às situações de estresse no trabalho, os professores recorrem essencialmente às estratégias focalizadas na emoção. Sugere-se a modificação do ambiente laboral causador de estresse e a educação e formação dos professores em estratégias de coping.Palavras-chave: educação inclusiva; saúde mental; estresse ocupacional.
Avaliação psicológica de crianças nas varas da infância e juventude: composição de possibilidades em organograma
Authors: Freitas Jênnyfer Cristina Almeida de , Santos Maria Liliane Gomes dos
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetiva fornecer um orientador gráfico para as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas no contexto das Varas da Infância e Juventude, em especial aquelas realizadas com o público infantil, a partir do relato de uma experiência de estágio curricular supervisionado em avaliação psicológica. A metodologia de trabalho utilizada no estágio apresentou muitos déficits, representados na constante falta de recursos humanos, técnicos, materiais e na desconsideração das particularidades que envolvem a avaliação psicológica das crianças. Diante da carência de referencial teórico e instrumental para embasar a prática avaliativa com sujeitos em desenvolvimento foi construída uma proposta de organograma apoiada no contato direto com esta demanda e na consulta à literatura disponível, capaz de ilustrar e servir como orientadora na eleição de instrumentos que podem compor a avaliação infantil nas Varas da Infância de Juventude. Diante dos desafios e potencialidades identificadas, espera-se contribuir para o avanço e aperfeiçoamento da avaliação psicológica com crianças.