bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the metal free alginate gelation process
Authors: Ursini Ornella , Angelini Roberta , Franco Silvia , Cortese Barbara
Published: October 2021

Alginate gelling by ionic cross-linking using multivalent ions has been known and exploited for several decades. We focus on the possibility to obtain alginate hydrogels without using metal cation in order to obtain metal-free alginates hydrogels.
Symmetric and asymmetric overgrowth of a Ag shell onto gold nanorods assisted by Pt pre-deposition
Authors: Zhang Qi , Deng Tian-Song , Wei Ming-Zhang , Chen Xi , Cheng Zhiqun , Li Shiqi , Gu Yi-Jie
Published: October 2021

Demonstrating asymmetric (AuNR–Pt)–Ag tri-metallic nanostructures by a two-step seed-mediated method. The shell thickness was controlled by the amount of AgNO3.
How cohesion controls the roughness of a granular deposit
Authors: Abramian Anaïs , Lagrée Pierre-Yves , Staron Lydie
Published: October 2021

The cohesive granular deposit features a rough surface which depends on cohesion forces at the grain scale.
Mitigating self-discharge and improving the performance of Mg–S battery in Mg[B(hfip)4]2 electrolyte with a protective interlayer
Authors: Bosubabu Dasari , Li Zhenyou , Meng Zhen , Wang Li-Ping , Fichtner Maximilian , Zhao-Karger Zhirong
Published: October 2021

The self-discharge of magnesium–sulfur battery is improved by adopting interlayer strategy which can effectively absorb dissolved polysulfide, and further improves the electrochemical performance of battery predominantly in Mg[B(hfip)4]2 electrolyte.
Efficient 3D charge transport in planar triazatruxene-based dumbbell-shaped molecules forming a bridged columnar phase
Authors: Jing Jiang , Heinrich Benoît , Prel Alexis , Steveler Emilie , Han Tianyan , Bulut Ibrahim , Méry Stéphane , Leroy Yann , Leclerc Nicolas , Lévêque Patrick , Rosenthal Martin , Ivanov Dimitri A. , Heiser Thomas
Published: October 2021

Triazatruxene-based dumbbell-shaped molecules self-assemble into a novel bridged columnar phase, where conducting segments connect adjacent columns of triazatruxene units across the insulating aliphatic domains, resulting in efficient hole transport in 3D.
In situinsight into thermally-induced reversible transitions of the crystal structure and photoluminescence properties in a Cu2Te nanoplate
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Zhang Zhi , Liu Weifeng , Zheng Yifan , Wu Yonghui , Su Jun , Liu Nishuang , Gao Yihua
Published: October 2021

Thermally-induced reversible phase transitions of a Cu2Te nanoplate were investigated byin situtransmission electron microscopy andin situphotoluminescence.
Grain and stoichiometry engineering for ultra-sensitive perovskite X-ray detectors
Authors: Xiao Yingrui , Jia Shanshan , Bu Nuo , Li Nan , Liu Yucheng , Liu Ming , Yang Zhou , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: October 2021

Both grain engineering and stoichiometry engineering, by controlling the grain growth, material module and powder composition, are essential for hot-pressed wafers to achieve better carrier transportation and high X-ray sensitivity.
Manipulating all-pH hydrogen evolution kinetics on metal sulfides through one-pot simultaneously derived multi-interface engineering and phosphorus doping
Authors: Wang Haiqing , Ma Mingjun , Li Junjun , Zhang Zhicheng , Zhou Weijia , Liu Hong
Published: October 2021

The all-pH hydrogen evolution kinetics on metal sulfides was greatly promoted through one-pot simultaneously derived multi-interface engineering and phosphorus doping.
Efficient and durable composite membranes based on polydopamine-mediated sulfonated graphene oxide for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhai Shaoxiong , Zhang Xiyuan , Mao Pengzhi , He Shaojian , Dai Wenxu , Lin Jun
Published: October 2021

Polydopamine-mediated sulfonation yields homogeneous and antioxidative modified graphene oxide, facilitating highly conductive and stable composite membrane, which lead to efficient and durable performance in direct methanol fuel cell application.
Machine learning-guided search for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with doped electron transport layers
Authors: She Chenglong , Huang Qicheng , Chen Cong , Jiang Yue , Fan Zhen , Gao Jinwei
Published: October 2021

Efficiencies of perovskite solar cells may be improved to above 28% using Cs-doped TiO2 and S-doped SnO2 electron transport layers, as predicted using a two-step machine learning method.
Designing core–shell metal–organic framework hybrids: toward high-efficiency electrochemical potassium storage
Authors: Yu Dongbo , Song Qingjing , Cui Jiewu , Zheng Hongmei , Zhang Yong , Liu Jiaqin , Lv Jun , Xu Tongwen , Wu Yucheng
Published: October 2021

Due to the unique core–shell structure which enables mutual advantage complement of the core and the shell, the electrochemical K+ storage property of core–shell MOF-derived nanoporous carbon is superior to that of single MOF-derived counterparts.
Facile synthesis of near-infrared bodipy by donor engineering for in vivo tumor targeted dual-modal imaging
Authors: An Feifei , Xin Jingqi , Deng Caiting , Tan Xiaofang , Aras Omer , Chen Nandi , Zhang Xiaohong , Ting Richard
Published: October 2021

The impact of donor strength on Bodipys’ optical properties and its applications for tumor near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic tomography.
A tunable phosphorescence supramolecular switch by an anthracene photoreaction in aqueous solution
Authors: Su Ting , Liu Yao-Hua , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: October 2021

A supramolecular phosphorescent switch, composed of a linear assembly formed by a photosensitive bromophenylpyridium derivative and cucurbit[8]uril, can respond to the dual stimulation of ultraviolet light and heating with good reversible stability.
A beam steering antenna based on Fresnel zone plate radome
Authors: Wu Yuting , Wu Zhouyi , Lin Peiying , Huangfu Jiangtao
Published: October 2021

In this study, a beam steering antenna was presented, comprising patch antenna and two layers of Fresnel zone plate (FZP). One of the FZP was a fixed structure, the other was a 1‐D collapsible radome with alternately deployed metal strips covering and non‐covering regions. The two sets of FZP were arranged in order in front of the patch antenna. First, the beam was compressed vertically by the fixed FZP. Subsequently, the beam steering was achieved with the use of the collapsible radome by setting the folding status in the respective region. To assess the effectiveness of the method, a 1‐D beam steering antenna working at 3 GHz was designed by applying linear polarized patch antenna as the feeding source. The collapsible FZP structure was developed using a low‐loss fiberglass cloth that was covered with copper strips. Based on the simulation and the experiment, the beam was focused to a beam width of 30° vertically and 10° horizontally. Moreover, 60° of beam steering in the horizontal direction could be achieved by regulating the folding angles in the respective region. This antenna design was found to be light weight and flexible, which has promising applications in 5G cell coverage and satellite communication.
Impact assessment framework of PV‐BES systems to active distribution networks
Authors: Pippi Kalliopi D. , Papadopoulos Theofilos A. , Kryonidis Georgios C.
Published: October 2021

Passive distribution networks tend to become active, due to the high penetration of photovoltaic units, battery energy storage utilization and their combined active participation to distribution network operation. In this paper, a framework for the assessment of the impact of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems on voltage profiles, power losses and reverse power flow phenomena of active distribution networks is proposed. Also, the utilization of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems is evaluated. The proposed methodology is applied to statistically analyse results obtained from annual timeseries power flow calculations in a real 18‐bus low‐voltage network over a range of operating conditions; the obtained results are quantified using a set of probabilistic indices. The proposed framework can be a useful tool for distribution system operators to identify operational challenges and ensure the optimal exploitation of end‐user and network assets.
Platelets and COVID-19
Authors: Rohlfing Anne-Katrin , Rath Dominik , Geisler Tobias , Gawaz Meinrad
Published: October 2021

In 2019 first reports about a new human coronavirus emerged, which causes common cold symptoms as well as acute respiratory distress syndrome. The virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and severe thrombotic events including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and microthrombi emerged as additional symptoms. Heart failure, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and stroke have also been observed. As main mediator of thrombus formation, platelets became one of the key aspects in SARS-CoV-2 research. Platelets may also directly interact with SARS-CoV-2 and have been shown to carry the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Platelets can also facilitate the virus uptake by secretion of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase furin. Cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by furin enhances binding capabilities and virus entry into various cell types. In COVID-19 patients, platelet count differs between mild and serious infections. Patients with mild symptoms have a slightly increased platelet count, whereas thrombocytopenia is a hallmark of severe COVID-19 infections. Low platelet count can be attributed to platelet apoptosis and the incorporation of platelets into microthrombi (peripheral consumption) and severe thrombotic events. The observed excessive formation of thrombi is due to hyperactivation of platelets caused by the infection. Various factors have been suggested in the activation of platelets in COVID-19, such as hypoxia, vessel damage, inflammatory factors, NETosis, SARS-CoV-2 interaction, autoimmune reactions, and autocrine activation. COVID-19 does alter chemokine and cytokine plasma concentrations. Platelet chemokine profiles are altered in COVID-19 and contribute to the described chemokine storms observed in severely ill COVID-19 patients.
Fear and Perception of People to Visit Dentists during COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Suggestions
Authors: Majeed Muhammad Mansoor , Sidiqqui Zarah , Uzair Muhammad , Shahzad Azam , Rafique Sara , Durrani Shoaib
Published: October 2021

Objectives This study was performed to determine patients' fear and perception of visiting dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed online using Google forms. Participants included individuals who had been to dental clinics for treatment. The data of 407 participants were analyzed. SPSS 21 was used for data entry and analysis. Demographic variables were expressed in numbers and percentages. The Chi-squared test was applied to analyze the difference between the demographic variables and fear among genders, age, and level of education.

Results Due to the coronavirus's contagious nature, fear is prevalent among a significant number of patients (χ2 = 31.373, p < 0.001). Females are more afraid to visit the dentist than males (χ2 = 7.065, p = 0.008). The majority of the patients are not willing to go for dental treatment other than an emergency. Around two-thirds of the participants reported that their visit to the dentist during the current pandemic was reduced.

Conclusion Due to the fear of COVID-19, patients are not willing to visit dentists for treatments. Therefore, dentists should build confidence by ensuring cross-infection control.
Balance finden: Einkaufscontrolling ist mehr als Zahlen-Schubsen
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg , Reinig Julia
Published: October 2021

Zahlen und Daten sind die Grundlage für viele Entscheidungen, bieten aber auch Raum für Manipulationen und manchmal reichen mathematische Berechnungen alleine nicht aus, um eine Entscheidung zu treffen.
Evolution of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials under external pressure
Authors: Basavarajappa Manasa G. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Chakraborty Sudip
Published: October 2021

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are the emerging family of perovskite materials showing a diverse plethora of unique optoelectronic properties for promising energy applications for sustainable and green environment. These materials also show potential promise for fine tuning of structural, electronic, and optical properties under external stimuli like pressure, temperature, and electric field, which are having pertinent applications in the form of energy materials. This review portrays a critical take on the recent progress of pressure-induced structural, electronic, and optical properties tuning in hybrid perovskite materials under the influence of external pressure both from theoretical and experimental viewpoints. It also shows insight on the relevant and timely issues like encountering inaccessible structural phases through lattice distortion along with the Jahn–Teller distortions, evolution of bandgap and photoluminescence, Rashba-splitting, charge carrier mobility, and piezochromism under external hydrostatic pressure. Finally, explicit options on the future research scope including the enhanced properties in barocaloric materials under compression have been portrayed for HOIP materials family.
Unraveling the shell growth pathways of Pd-Pt core-shell nanocubes at atomic level by in situ liquid cell electron microscopy
Authors: Dachraoui Walid , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Vogel Alexander , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Erni Rolf
Published: October 2021

Understanding the formation of core-shell nanomaterials is decisive for controlling their growth, structure, and morphology, which is particularly important in catalysis. As a promising material for photo catalysis application, Pd-Pt core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) have been in the spotlight for many years owing to their catalytic performance typically superior to that of pure Pt nanoparticles. The generation of ultra-thin Pt skins of only a few atomic layers on Pd nanoparticles has turned out to be extremely difficult because Pt tends to form islands during deposition instead of a continuous shell. Therefore, understanding the atomic mechanisms of shell formation is critical for atomic-scale design and control of the platinum shell. Here, by using in situ graphene-based liquid cell scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), the growth mechanisms of the Pt shell on Pd nanocubes (NCs) are studied in aqueous solution at the atomic level. Pd-Pt core-shell NPs are formed via two distinct mechanisms: (i) at low concentration of Pt atoms, an ultra-thin skin of only a few atomic layers is formed via atom-by-atom deposition and (ii) at higher concentration of Pt atoms, inhomogeneous islands and thick shells are formed via attachment of Pt clusters. Our study provides a route to control core-shell growth and helps us to understand the exact atomic mechanisms of Pt shell growth on Pd seeds.
Upslope migration of snow avalanches in a warming climate
Authors: Giacona Florie , Eckert Nicolas , Corona Christophe , Mainieri Robin , Morin Samuel , Stoffel Markus , Martin Brice , Naaim Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Significance

Snow avalanches represent a major threat in mountain environments, where they cause damage to critical infrastructure and claim hundreds of lives every year. Here, we document an unambiguous upslope migration of snow avalanches with climate change, a physical mechanism whose existence could previously not be demonstrated. In the Vosges Mountains, we show evidence that winter warming of +1.35 °C induced a sevenfold reduction in the number of avalanches, as well as a reduction of their magnitude and shortening of the avalanche season. These results show that low-to-medium elevation mountain ranges may serve as sentinels to anticipate future changes in snow processes and related risks in higher mountain environments and could thus help in the design of efficient adaptation strategies.
Epoxidation of juvenile hormone was a key innovation improving insect reproductive fitness
Authors: Nouzova Marcela , Edwards Marten J. , Michalkova Veronika , Ramirez Cesar E. , Ruiz Marnie , Areiza Maria , DeGennaro Matthew , Fernandez-Lima Francisco , Feyereisen René , Jindra Marek , Noriega Fernando G.
Published: October 2021

Significance

Mosquitoes are a global threat to human health. Mosquito female reproduction depends on juvenile hormone (JH), synthesized from inactive precursors through methylation and subsequent epoxidation. The latter occurs in insects but not in earlier-diverging arthropod lineages, such as crustaceans. Our work on genetic knockout mosquitoes lacking either the methylating or the epoxidating enzyme revealed a vital requirement of JH precursor methylation for mosquito development and a key contribution of JH epoxidation to reproductive fitness. Both sexes underperformed in reproduction when deprived of the epoxidated hormone. This finding advances our understanding of mosquito reproductive endocrinology. More generally, our data unveil the importance of JH epoxidation as an evolutionary innovation improving the reproductive performance and increasing the success of insects.
“If it wasn’t absolutely true, it couldn’t be published”
Authors: Verkest Sofie , Jacobs Geert
Published: October 2021

Engaging audiences and collaborating with elite members
of the public (e.g. scientists) have become increasingly important in
newsrooms across the globe (Harbers
2016). In this chapter, we zoom in on collaborative journalism
(in which journalists work together with non-journalists) with a
postfoundational lens. We present a case in which a newspaper, university
and environmental government agency set up a citizen science project on air
quality in a Western European country. This chapter offers a thematic
analysis of three retrospective interviews with key players, which were
conducted at the end of seven months of ethnographic fieldwork behind the
scenes of this citizen science project. We demonstrate how collaboration
plays out in (re)defining the boundaries of the cultural spaces of media,
science and politics as they are constructed by our informants.
“Somehow I'm Always Writing”
Authors: Perrin Daniel
Published: October 2021

This paper shows the value that transdisciplinarity can add to media linguistics. It does so by analyzing – through a postfoundational lens – how journalistic writing changed during the last two decades, from the predominance of a writing mode that we have termed focused writing to a mode we have called writing-by-the-way. Large corpora of writing process data have been generated and analyzed with the multi-method approach of progression analysis to combine analytical depth with breadth. On the object level of doing writing in journalism, results show that the general trend toward writing-by-the-way opens new niches for focused writing. On a meta-level of doing research, findings explain why transdisciplinarity allows for deeper insights into the media-linguistic object of investigation.
On agency and affiliation in second assessments
Authors: Auer Peter , Lindström Jan
Published: October 2021

In this chapter, we discuss design features of second
assessments in German and Swedish conversation. We focus on
opinion-verb constructions (finden,
tycka) in full and reduced clausal formats. The
study shows that reduced formats are followed by sequence closure
while full formats are followed by more talk on the topic. We
explain this finding by arguing that by using reduced formats,
second speakers claim less agency and display low affiliation with
the first assessment, whereas full formats work in the opposite way.
The full and reduced opinion-verb constructions represent
standardized action patterns with recognizable implications, leading
to predictable interactional trajectories and coordinated
intersubjective behavior.
Brokering co-participants’ volition in request and offer
sequences
Authors: Harjunpää Katariina
Published: October 2021

This chapter examines multilingual interactions where
bilingual participants engage in advancing mutual understanding
between other participants by language brokering
(e.g. Bolden 2012)
requests and offers from Finnish to Brazilian Portuguese. Brokering
turns involve either (i) declarative statements regarding the prior
speaker’s volition towards the requested/offered matter or (ii)
questions concerning the recipient’s volition. The use of these
formats displays the broker’s intersubjective interpretation of
locally relevant features of the action, such as the distribution of
benefits and agency, and contingencies in its realization. The
investigation of language brokering in this context also contributes
to research on requests, offers and related social actions (e.g.
Couper-Kuhlen 2014),
action ascription (Levinson
2013; Deppermann &
Haugh forthcoming), and on verbs expressing volition
(Sacks 1992: 181;
Schulze-Wenck
2005).
MAIN story comprehension
Authors: Bohnacker Ute , Lindgren Josefin
Published: October 2021

This study investigates story comprehension in 124 typically-developing children aged 4–6 growing up in Sweden, using the LITMUS Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN, Gagarina et al. 2012). 72 Swedish monolinguals and 52 Swedish-English bilinguals from similar socio-economic backgrounds told two MAIN stories each and answered standardised questions that probe inferencing of goals, thoughts and emotions of story characters. Overall comprehension scores were calculated, and responses to individual questions were analysed. Results were compared across age groups, languages, and tasks. Already at age 4, and certainly at age 6, overall comprehension scores were high, indicating good general understanding of the stories. Scores differed significantly between tasks, suggesting that comprehension of MAIN Cat/Dog is easier than Baby Birds/Baby Goats. On all tasks, protagonists’ goals were understood well at age 4, approaching ceiling (> 90%) at age 5–6. Internal states as initiating events were also relatively well understood. However, many children struggled to infer emotional reactions of protagonists when this necessitated taking the whole plotline into account. We suggest that the processing abilities of the average 6-year-old are not yet developed enough to master every aspect of inferential understanding probed on the MAIN. Results held across languages and mono-/bilinguals, suggesting that they generalise.
Non–human primate epidural ECoG analysis using explainable deep learning technology
Authors: Choi Hoseok , Lim Seokbeen , Min Kyeongran , Ahn Kyoung-ha , Lee Kyoung-Min , Jang Dong Pyo
Published: October 2021

Objective. With the development in the field of neural networks, explainable AI (XAI), is being studied to ensure that artificial intelligence models can be explained. There are some attempts to apply neural networks to neuroscientific studies to explain neurophysiological information with high machine learning performances. However, most of those studies have simply visualized features extracted from XAI and seem to lack an active neuroscientific interpretation of those features. In this study, we have tried to actively explain the high-dimensional learning features contained in the neurophysiological information extracted from XAI, compared with the previously reported neuroscientific results. Approach. We designed a deep neural network classifier using 3D information (3D DNN) and a 3D class activation map (3D CAM) to visualize high-dimensional classification features. We used those tools to classify monkey electrocorticogram (ECoG) data obtained from the unimanual and bimanual movement experiment. Main results. The 3D DNN showed better classification accuracy than other machine learning techniques, such as 2D DNN. Unexpectedly, the activation weight in the 3D CAM analysis was high in the ipsilateral motor and somatosensory cortex regions, whereas the gamma-band power was activated in the contralateral areas during unimanual movement, which suggests that the brain signal acquired from the motor cortex contains information about both contralateral movement and ipsilateral movement. Moreover, the hand-movement classification system used critical temporal information at movement onset and offset when classifying bimanual movements. Significance. As far as we know, this is the first study to use high-dimensional neurophysiological information (spatial, spectral, and temporal) with the deep learning method, reconstruct those features, and explain how the neural network works. We expect that our methods can be widely applied and used in neuroscience and electrophysiology research from the point of view of the explainability of XAI as well as its performance.
Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS) Design on Light Waves: Interference and Diffraction
Authors: Anggraini D , Wibowo F C , Delina M
Published: October 2021

The properties of light waves are only looking indirectly through physic phenomena, such as interference and diffraction of light. This causes light waves to become of the physics materials that are difficult for students to understand. This study aims to produce a Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS) design on light wave material. The research method used in this research is research and development using the ADDIE development model. However, the ADDIE development model used is only to Design stage. The instrument used to measure the feasibility of VMS media is a validation test by media and materials experts. The results showed that characteristics of VMS design in light waves consist of two topics, namely interference and diffraction of light. VMS has a positive impact on students in the physics learning, especially about microscopic materials. VMS expected to effective in helping students to understand the light wave material, especially about the concept of interference and diffraction of light.
Identifying High School Students’ Misconceptions Using Digital Four-Tier Diagnostic Tests in Distance Learning
Authors: Munggarani M E , Supriyati Y , Astra I M
Published: October 2021

The pandemic of the spread of a new virus, namely the corona virus disease (Covid-19) in Indonesia, has forced the government to use an education virtualization system which has been expanded into online learning or distance learning. This makes it difficult for teachers to identify how big the misconceptions experienced by students in Physics subjects with harmonious vibration material during learning take place, so teachers and students need an online assessment instrument that is able to identify the student’s misconceptions. This study aims to analyze the misconceptions of high school students using a digital four-tier diagnostic test in distance learning. The method used is a single case study. The research analysis used the Rasch model. The instrument used is a conceptual understanding test using a digital four-tier diagnostic test instrument which consists of 10 questions on the Harmonic Vibration material to identify students’ misconceptions. This research was conducted in three stages; (1) the planning stage, (2) the implementation stage, and (3) the final stage. Based on the results of data analysis, there is a percentage of students who understand the concept of 54%, 23% less understanding of the concept, 21% of misconceptions, and 2% non-code (error). The average value of misconceptions experienced by students shows a low category for Harmonic Vibration material.
Faraday’s Law Teaching Aids Using Magnetometers on Smartphone and Infrared Sensors for Electromagnetic Induction Learning
Authors: Andrianto B , Iswanto B H , Indrasari W
Published: October 2021

Faraday’s law is one of the abstract physics materials. This research aims to develop Faraday’s Law teaching aids by combining smartphones and infrared sensors. This study uses the Research and Development method, which refers to the ADDIE model. The teaching aids consist of a 45 cm coil whose area is, a 4000 µT neodymium permanent magnet, an Arduino integrated infrared sensor, and a smartphone’s magnetometer sensor using the Phyphox application. The research trials were carried out by varying the number of coils and the height of the falling magnet. The test results obtained data in a magnetic field, the magnetic time passing through the coils, and voltage. Based on the induced emf obtained from observations and calculation results, there is an increase in the number of coils and the height of the falling magnet. This study concludes that Faraday’s law teaching aids can show the effect of the number of coils and the distance of the magnet falling on the magnitude of the induced emf. The developed Faraday’s law teaching aids can be used in the learning process of Faraday’s law.
Analysing Students’ Problem Solving Skills on The Topics of Modern Physics
Authors: Santosa I E
Published: October 2021

The study of problem solving skill has been performed on the subject of Modern Physics. The main objective of this study was to investigate the student’s ability in solving physics problems. Here 45 students were involved in this study. The students worked on two essay tests consisting of two numerical problems and two explanation questions within each test. The score distributions were then analysed qualitatively. It was found that the student’s achievement in the numerical problem is higher than that of the explanation question. The students possess a low skill in selecting and using the data.
The Improvement of Critical Thinking Skills Through Problem Based Learning Models Assisted by Trackers Video on Parabolic Movements
Authors: Supriyanto E , Mustika
Published: October 2021

This study aims to improve critical thinking skills using a problem-based learning model assisted by video tracker on parabolic movements. This research was conducted in class X Senior High School Pandeglang. This study uses one group pretest-posttest design with paired sample t-test analysis technique. Learning is done by conducting demonstration activities of parabolic movement based on problem based learning. The results of the video footage of the parabolic motion demonstration were then analyzed using a video tracker application. Based on the results of the study obtained the average score of critical thinking skills increased by 53.936% with a moderate N-Gain average (0.536) at a confidence level of 95%. These results show that learning using a tracker can improve critical thinking skills well. Based on the test results obtained signification of 0.00, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in critical thinking skills before and after learning using the tracker.
Development of Electronic Physics Learning Module With Phet (Physical Education and Technology) Simulation on Elasticity and Hooke Law in Class Xi Senior High School
Authors: Rahma V N , Rustana C E , Umiatin
Published: October 2021

One way to use technology in learning is by using Simulation Physics Education and Technology (PhET). This article describes the results of the development of an electronic module for learning physics about elasticity and Hooke’s law in class XI SMA. This research method is Research and Development with ADDIE model. The steps in this development are making needs assessments, analyzing materials, designing electronic modules, developing assessment tools, realizing electronic module designs, product validation by experts, testing electronic modules by teachers and students and performing evaluations. Based on the needs analysis conducted in class XI MIPA SMAN 107 Jakarta on 58 students, the results were obtained: 98.23% of students have difficulty understanding the physics material during PJJ, 94.83% of students are interested in the use of electronic modules as a companion for self-study at home and 87.72% of the students chose a module with instructions for independent practicum. The electronic module supported by that simulation is an alternative teaching material that can be used by students for self-study and can be used to conduct virtual experiments. The results of this research have been validated by physicists, learning experts and media experts.
Analysis of Students’ Misconception and Strategic Thinking Skill on Parabolic Motion Material Using Two-Tier Multiple Choice Items Instrument
Authors: Susanti D , Supriyati Y , Maulana S , Hakim A R
Published: October 2021

This study aims to develop an instrument test in the form of two-tier multiple-choice items that can be used to analyze students’ misconceptions and measure students’ strategic thinking skills. This research uses the research and development method with the ADDIE model. The resulting test instrument has ten questions that refer to indicators of strategic thinking skills. The results of the validation of the average score of 89.20% with very good criteria. The results of the Rasch Model analysis report that the test instrument that has been developed is declared feasible with acceptable criteria, all items that have been developed have reliability in the good category, and all items that have been developed are valid. The results of the Rasch Model analysis are also informed that in the implementation of the test, it is implausible that cheating, carelessness, and lucky phenomena will occur when doing the test. The results of the Rasch Model analysis also group students into three, namely high, medium, and low abilities, which convey information on students’ strategic thinking skills. The analysis results showed that 13.64% of students understood the overall concept of parabolic motion, 69.32% of students had misconceptions about the parabolic motion material, and 11.36% of students did not understand the parabolic motion material at all. The remaining 5.68% cannot be predicted with certainty whether the student understands, has misconceptions, or does not understand at all. This study concludes that the two-tier multiple choice items instrument developed is valid, reliable, and feasible to be used in analyzing students’ misconceptions and measuring students’ strategic thinking skills on parabolic motion material.
Project Based Blended Learning and Independent Learning on Critical Thinking Skill
Authors: Aliftika O , Astra I M , Supriyati Y
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the project based blended learning and independent learning of critical thinking skill. The study used the quasi-experimental research method in the 2x2 treatment by level model. The subjects of this study were vocational high school students in Grade 10. The samples were divided into two groups; one group learned through the project based blended learning model with 73 students while the other group learned through the blended learning model with 74 students. Both groups were then given an independent learning test to divide students into categories of students who had high independent learning and students who had low independent learning. The research showed that the critical thinking skill of students who learned through the project based blended learning models was higher than those who learned through only blended learning models. Also, the critical thinking skill of students who had high independent learning was greater than students who had low independent learning. The results of the hypothesis test indicated that there is a significant difference in critical thinking skill between students who learned through the project based blended learning model and students who learned through the blended learning model, and there is a significant interaction effect between learning models and independent learning on critical thinking skill.
Determination of Springs Constant by Hooke’s Law and Simple Harmonic Motion Experiment
Authors: Wulandari S , Iswanto B H , Sugihartono I
Published: October 2021

This study aims to calculate the spring constants of two types of stainless using Hooke’s Law principle and simple harmonic motion methods. Two types of springs (spring I and II) with different sizes in diameter have spring constant k values of 24 N/m and 5.4N/m, respectively. Based on the experiment and calculation, the spring constant of spring 1 calculated by Hooke’s Law and the simple harmonic motion experiment has an average value of 23.22 N/m with an error of 3.24% and 23.06 N/m with an error of 3.90%. On the other hand, the spring constant of spring 2 calculated by Hooke’s Law and the simple harmonic motion experiment has an average value of 5.47 N/m with an error of 1.44% and 5.32 N/m with an error of 1.48 %. Hence, we concluded that the determination of spring constant using Hooke’s Law has better accuracy.
Trends of Augmented Reality in Science Learning: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Alizkan U , Wibowo F C , Sanjaya L , Kurniawan B R , Prahani B K
Published: October 2021

This study provides a literature review on the trend of using Augmented Reality (AR) in science learning. A relative literature review was carried out by collecting 30 journals from the Science Direct and Google Scholar databases in the period 2012 to 2021. This paper examines the research that has been done on the use of AR in science learning and classifies it into 11 topics, namely about inquiry skills, critical thinking, conceptual knowledge, misconception, conceptual understanding, knowledge construction, learning outcomes, attention, attitude, achievement, motivation, collaborative and autonomous learning. A review of the research results shows that the overall use of AR technology in recent years has increased, especially on the topic of attitude and achievement which has a positive impact on science learning. While on the topic of misconceptions, inquiry skills, attention, collaborative and autonomous learning has not been widely studied by researchers. In addition, the use of AR in science learning has challenged such as students, teachers, and technical. This is interesting for further research.
Preliminary Study on High-Temperature Oxidation of Ni-AlN-TiN/Si3N4 Electrodeposition Composite Coatings
Authors: Budi E , Tandri C , Darsono N , Andiani A W , Fajrin M , Indrasari W , Sugihartono I , Prayitno T B
Published: October 2021

High-temperature oxidation is a serious problem for several materials during their application in aggressive environments, such as high temperatures, high-speed machining, and corrosive environments. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of high-temperature oxidation on the surface morphology of the Ni-AlN-TiN/Si3N4 composite coating. The coatings were electrodeposited at a current of 5 me for 15 minutes and various electrodeposition temperatures of 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C. This composite coating was formed on tungsten carbide substrates with the electrolyte solution consisting of 6 g/L AlN, 6 g/L TiN, 40 g/L H3BO3, 0.6 g/L Si3N4, 0.17 M NiCl2.6H2O, 0.38 M NiSO4.6H2O, and 0.6 g/L Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. The high-temperature oxidation process was carried out at a temperature of 700°C for 2 hours in the furnace. The surface morphology was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the surface morphology of the Ni-AlN-TiN/Si3N4 composite coating deposited at a temperature of 40°C had a scaled growth, reduced cracks, and reduced pore. It was due to the effect of high-temperature treatment.
Identification and Determining The Pseudo Magnitude Of Meissa Star Based on Observation Data From The Eastern Sky In The Mentigen Hills of The Pseudo Magnitude of Meissa Star Based on Observation Data From The Eastern Sky
Authors: Sutrisno  , Fadilla T J R
Published: October 2021

Mentigen Hill, Mount Bromo is a tourist area located at an altitude of 2,392 meters above sea level. As a tourist destination in Peak Bromo, the sky at night has almost no light pollution, it will be very good for observing celestial bodies. For this reason, identification and measurements of the pseudo magnitude of star observations are made using a camera. Meissa star is a blue giant star type O which is included in the Lambda Orionis. The rate at which a star is observed from Earth is called its apparent magnitude. Analysis of the identification and measurement of the pseudo magnitude of the stars can be done using the Iris 5.59 software. Based on the results of the analysis in the Iris 5.59 software, it was concluded that the Missal Star was identified and the apparent magnitude measurement was (3.87 ± 1.10) with an error of 2.39%. It is suggested by the results of this study to develop astronomical tourism.
Simulation of atmospheric dynamics during heavy rain events on Nias Island using WRF model and Himawari-8 satellite data
Authors: Siburian R , Saragih I J A , Situmorang M , Tarigan K , Sembiring K , Sinambela M , Humaidi S
Published: October 2021

Nias is the largest island in the Indian Ocean west of Sumatra. The geographical condition of Nias Island which is a small island surrounded by waters causes strong weather dynamics and high intensity of rainfall. This study was conducted to determine changes in weather dynamics conditions during high rainfall on Nias Island, including the parameters of the vertical profile of air humidity, vorticity, divergence, vertical velocity, reflectivity; and cloud top temperatures. The simulation was carried out on 4 days of heavy rain in 2020, each representing each season period, namely 7 February 2020 for December-January-February (DJF), 30 April 2020 for March-April-May (MAM), 3 August 2020 for June-July-August (JJA), and 8 October 2020 for September-October-November (SON). The data used are Final Analysis Data (FNL) with a spatial resolution of 1°x1° as input data for the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, IR1 data (band#13 – 10.4µm) Himawari-8 satellite, and observational rainfall data from the Binaka and Global Meteorological Stations. Precipitation Measurement – The Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (GPM IMERG) with a spatial resolution of 0.1°x0.1°. The results showed that the presence of Cumulonimbus convective clouds caused heavy rain, with cloud top temperatures reaching -60°C to -80°C. The relatively humid atmosphere, accompanied by the convection mechanism that occurs, causes the convective activity on Nias Island to be quite intense.
X-Ray Peak Profile Analysis of Silica by Williamson–Hall and Size-Strain Plot Methods
Authors: Hariyanto B , Wardani D A P , Kurniawati N , Har N P , Darmawan N , Irzaman
Published: October 2021

Annealed silica has been prepared by various annealing temperatures at 800 °C and 1000 °C. The crystallite size and lattice strain of silica were estimated by x-ray diffraction spectra analysis using various calculation methods; Modified Scherrer, Williamson-Hall (W-H), and Size-Strain Plot. Qualitative analysis confirms that the XRD patterns were hexagonal quartz. Annealing temperature cause a change in crystal size and lattice strain and all methods showed a decrease in the value of the crystal size with increasing annealing temperature from 800 °C to 1000 °C.
Digital Text Security with Steganography Least Significant Bit and Audio Feature Extraction
Authors: Delina M , Nasbey H , Gunawan A , Muhasyah S
Published: October 2021

The study developed a digital text security system by inserting the classified message or text into digital audio (stego audio) with the least significant bit (LSB) steganography and audio feature extraction. The text bits were inserted into each cover audio frame based on the value of feature extraction energy and zero-crossing rate (ZCR). The study has demonstrated that the least significant bit and audio feature extraction can cover the digital text in stego audio and then be extracted back to the original digital text. There is a small difference in feature extraction energy value between stego audio and cover audio. While there is no difference in feature extraction zero-crossing rate between stego audio and cover audio. The study also measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); the detected noise in stego audio because of the change in the least significant bit. The SNR is 111.97 – 130.00 dB.
Examples of PT Phase Transition : QM to QFT
Authors: Prasad Mandal Bhabani
Published: October 2021

Parity Time Reversal (PT) phase transition is a typical characteristic of most of the PT symmetric non-Hermitian (NH) systems. Depending on the theory, a particular system and spacetime dimensionality PT phase transition has various interesting features. In this article we review some of our works on PT phase transitions in quantum mechanics (QM) as well as in Quantum Field theory (QFT). We demonstrate typical characteristics of PT phase transition with the help of several analytically solved examples. In one dimensional QM, we consider examples with exactly as well as quasi exactly solvable (QES) models to capture essential features of PT phase transition. The discrete symmetries have rich structures in higher dimensions which are used to explore the PT phase transition in higher dimensional systems. We consider anisotropic SHOs in two and three dimensions to realize some connection between the symmetry of original hermitian Hamiltonian and the unbroken phase of the NH system. We consider the 2+1 dimensional massless Dirac particle in the external magnetic field with PT symmetric non-Hermitian spin-orbit interaction in the background of the Dirac oscillator potential to show the PT phase transition in a relativistic system. A small mass gap, consistent with the other approaches and experimental observations is generated only in the unbroken phase of the system. Finally we develop the NH formulation in an SU(N) gauge field theoretic model by using the natural but unconventional Hermiticity properties of the ghost fields. Deconfinement to confinement phase transition has been realized as PT phase transition in such a non-hermitian model.
Face Recognition using CNN and Tracking Locations using Image Metadata
Authors: Sushma Ch. , Lalitha Surya Kumari P
Published: October 2021

In This Paper Face Recognition has gain the more attention in the society of network multimedia for accessing information. Emerging Areas like network security, content indexing and extraction, and video compression benefits from face recognition technic because “people” are the center of attention in a lot of video footages. Face detection is advanced research area in the computer science vision. The research under this area is expanding in others areas like psychology. Localization of human face will be first and the initial stage as a study of face detection. In this paper the usage of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm in detecting the criminal face and also the process of getting the location from image.
Design and Fabrication of Automatic Squeezing Machine for Food Industries
Authors: Imthiyas A. , Mahesh R. , Eldho Emin , Baby Nevin , Hariprasath N S
Published: October 2021

In the food sector, automation is increasingly a requirement to meet the requisite aspects of quality control, delivery performance, labour shortages, and revenue growth. Because of extremely competitive retailers always pulling to low prices, raw costs of raw material, and skyrocketing charges for utilization in an environment of labor-intensive production, food manufacturers are looking to automate their manufacturing operations. The capacity to mimic a product’s aesthetic and quality with the least amount of materials not only increases line efficiency and profits, but it also has the potential to enhance sales. It also decreases the amount of work that has to be done. This food squeezing machine will squeeze food at a fast speed and in a more precise shape. In comparison to manual and traditional processes, the production rate is also high.