bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Depression in the Offspring of Parents with Depression: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Style, Parenting and Life Events
Authors: Loechner Johanna , Sfärlea Anca , Starman Kornelija , Oort Frans , Thomsen Laura Asperud , Schulte-Körne Gerd , Platt Belinda
Published: November 2019

Children of depressed parents are at heightened risk for developing depression, yet relatively little is known about the specific mechanisms responsible. Since preventive interventions for this risk group show small effects which diminish overtime, it is crucial to uncover the key risk factors for depression. This study compared various potential mechanisms in children of depressed (high-risk; n = 74) versus non-depressed (low-risk; n = 37) parents and explored mediators of parental depression and risk in offspring. A German sample of N = 111 boys and girls aged 8 to 17 years were compared regarding children’s (i) symptoms of depression and general psychopathology, (ii) emotion regulation strategies, (iii) attributional style, (iv) perceived parenting style and (v) life events. Children in the high-risk group showed significantly more symptoms of depression and general psychopathology, less adaptive emotion regulation strategies, fewer positive life events and fewer positive parenting strategies in comparison with the low-risk group. Group differences in positive and negative attributional style were small and not statistically significant in a MANOVA test. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and negative life events were identified as partial mediators of the association between parental depression and children’s risk of depression. The study highlights the elevated risk of depression in children of depressed parents and provides empirical support for existing models of the mechanisms underlying transmission. Interestingly, the high-risk group was characterised by a lack of protective rather than increased vulnerability factors. These results are crucial for developing more effective preventive interventions for this high-risk population.
The life cycle of the Atlantic Beach-Cricket, Pseudomogoplistes vicentae Gorochov, 1996
Authors: Vahed Karim
Published: November 2019

The Atlantic Beach-Cricket,Pseudomogoplistes vicentae, inhabits shingle beaches, with a range that extends from the UK to the Canary Islands. Little is known about the natural history of this species, which is listed by the IUCN as Vulnerable. In the present study, a combination of field sampling (by pitfall trapping and direct searching) in spring, summer, autumn and late winter at two different sites in the UK, together with culturing eggs and nymphs in captivity, was used to determine the life cycle. Eggs laid in August in captivity showed no visible embryonic development until May and hatched the following July. There was no difference in the time taken to hatch between eggs maintained over winter at either 4 or 11 °C. Nymphal instars present in the field indicated that the majority of eggs hatch from June to early August. From October to February in the field, the majority of nymphs were estimated to be at the 7th instar. Development appeared to resume by April and nymphs reached adulthood by July to August in the field, two years after the eggs from which they hatched were likely to have been laid. The number of nymphal instars ranged from 10 to 11 (mode: 11) in males and 11 to 13 (mode: 12) in females. In captivity, most adult males died by the end of November, while 35% of females survived until March. Females preferred to oviposit in driftwood rather than in sand in the laboratory. This fact, together with the early embryonic diapause, suggests that the species might be able to disperse by rafting at the egg stage.
Convergence education—an international perspective
Authors: Herr Daniel J. C. , Akbar Bushra , Brummet Jennifer , Flores Sarah , Gordon Ashley , Gray Brian , Murday James
Published: November 2019

The US National Science Foundation defines convergence as the deep integration of knowledge, techniques, and expertise from multiple fields to form new and expanded frameworks for addressing scientific and societal challenges and opportunities. Because convergence research is progressing at a rapid clip, the quick evolution of non-traditional perspectives that it engenders will present a number of challenges/opportunities to education. NSF, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine; and the University of Southern California sponsored a workshop, with global participation, to explore actions that would facilitate convergence in education. A descriptive of the workshop and the key action items it identified are presented.
How Reflective and Critical Norm-Usage Paves the Way to the Public Power of Judgement
Authors: Cern Karolina M.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that Neil MacCormick’s conception of norm-usage makes it necessary to address the concept of the public power of judgement as the key concept for understanding the democratic legitimization of current law. Therefore, firstly I analyse MacCormick’s conception of norm-usage, secondly I demonstrate that it leads to the idea of the institutionalisation of judgemental–interpretative practice, and thirdly, I show that the latter paves the way to the public power of judgement. Finally, I argue that this power needs to be elaborated in terms of competencies which are broader than legal skills and legal reasoning, and, further, that these competencies condition the use of both legal skills and reasoning. Importantly, MacCormick’s contribution to understanding the public power of judgement—when further developed—may indicate the profound role of comprehending the proper significance of law in a democratic polity and its relationship to the citizenry.
Secular trends in adiposity and musculoskeletal dimensions of elite heavyweight boxers between 1889 and 2019
Authors: Han Thang S. , Callis Tracy G. , Sharma Pankaj , Lean Michael E. J.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

With improving nutrition and health, athletes have grown taller and heavier over the past century. Since there is no weight restriction in the heavyweight class, secular changes in anthropometric measurements of heavyweight boxers may mirror those of contemporary general populations.

Objectives

We aimed to (1) examine secular trends in adiposity and musculoskeletal measurements in heavyweight boxers, (2) determine anthropometric differences between champions and unsuccessful challengers.

Methods

Detailed demographics taken at time of contest (first official World Championship to current contest: 1889–2019) were collected from media archives.

Results

All 237 boxers (83 champions, 154 challengers) contesting a recognised heavyweight World Championships were identified. They had mean (± SD) age = 28.9 ± 4.1 years, height = 187.3 ± 6.5 cm, reach = 195.2 ± 9.4 cm, weight = 97.5 ± 11.5 kg, BMI = 27.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2 and waist = 87.9 ± 6.2 cm. Contest years explained 25.9% (p < 0.001) of the variance in BMI for champions and 30.9% (p < 0.001) for challengers, 9.1% (p < 0.071) in WC for champions and 19.9% (p < 0.001) for challengers. Contest years correlated with height (r = 0.531, p < 0.001), reach (r = 0.341, p < 0.001), weight (r = 0.603, p < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.370, p = 0.001) among all documented boxers, and with waist only in challengers (r = 0.349, p < 0.001) but not in champions (r = 0.078, p = 0.509). Compared with challengers, champions had greater stature by + 3.4 cm (p < 0.001), reach + 3.6 cm (p = 0.005) and weight + 3.7 kg (p = 0.017), with similar BMI and waist. Champions had larger biceps and forearms but did not differ from challengers in other musculoskeletal dimensions.

Conclusions

Over 130 years elite heavyweight boxers have increased in size (BMI) and reach but waists in champions have remained static. Being heavier, taller with longer and bigger arms, but with similar in BMI and waist, appear to be differentiating factors between champions and challengers.
Important Goals, Meanings, and Relationships in Flourishing and Languishing States: Towards Patterns of Well-being
Authors: Wissing Marié P. , Schutte Lusilda , Liversage Christelle , Entwisle Brenda , Gericke Marianne , Keyes Corey
Published: November 2019

Qualitative studies of lay people’s perspectives on facets of well-being are scarce, and it is not known how the perspectives of people with high and low levels of well-being dovetail or differ. This research explored the experiences of people with high/flourishing versus low/languishing levels of positive mental health in three cross-sectional survey design studies. Languishing and flourishing participants were selected in each study based on quantitative data from the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form as reported by Keyes et al. (Journal of Health and Social Behavior43:207–222, 2002). Qualitative content analyses were conducted on written responses to semistructured open-ended questions on the what and why of important meaningful things (study 1,n = 42), goals (study 2,n = 30), and relationships (study 3,n = 50). Results indicated that well-being is not only a matter of degree—manifestations differ qualitatively in flourishing and languishing states. Similar categories emerged for what flourishing and languishing people found important with regard to meaning, goals, and relationships, but the reasons for the importance thereof differed prominently. Languishing people manifested a self-focus and often motivated responses in terms of own needs and hedonic values such as own happiness, whereas flourishers were more other-focused and motivated responses in terms of eudaimonic values focusing on a greater good. We propose that positive mental health can be conceptualized in terms of dynamic quantitative and qualitativepatterns of well-being.Interventions to promote well-being may need to take into account the patterns of well-being reflecting what people on various levels of well-being experience and value.
Contact-dependent delivery of IL-2 by dendritic cells to CD4 T cells in the contraction phase promotes their long-term survival
Authors: Tong Dan , Zhang Li , Ning Fei , Xu Ying , Hu Xiaoyu , Shi Yan
Published: November 2019

Common γ chain cytokines are important for immune memory formation. Among them, the role of IL-2 remains to be fully explored. It has been suggested that this cytokine is critically needed in the late phase of primary CD4 T cell activation. Lack of IL-2 at this stage sets for a diminished recall response in subsequent challenges. However, as IL-2 peak production is over at this point, the source and the exact mechanism that promotes its production remain elusive. We report here that resting, previously antigen-stimulated CD4 T cells maintain a minimalist response to dendritic cells after their peak activation in vitro. This subtle activation event may be induced by DCs without overt presence of antigen and appears to be stronger if IL-2 comes from the same dendritic cells. This encounter reactivates a miniature IL-2 production and leads a gene expression profile change in these previously activated CD4 T cells. The CD4 T cells so experienced show enhanced reactivation intensity upon secondary challenges later on. Although mostly relying on in vitro evidence, our work may implicate a subtle programing for CD4 T cell survival after primary activation in vivo.
Differences between Founder-Led and Non-Founder-Led Congregations: A Research Note
Authors: Pitt Richard N. , Washington Patrick
Published: November 2019

While sociologists have had a longstanding interest in religious leadership and congregational authority structures, most of the research in this area ignores the fact that many congregational leaders started the congregations they lead. Being in this unique position, founding pastor, likely gives them unusual authority to shape church policy and practice in, as yet, unexamined ways. Using three waves of the National Congregational Study, we examine differences between congregations led by their first (i.e., founding) pastor and congregations led by subsequent pastors hired by or assigned to those congregations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these differences.
Influence of moisture on maturation rate of the Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint. ascospores in central Poland
Authors: Jankowski Paweł , Masny Sylwester
Published: November 2019

Influence of moisture on maturation rate of the airborne Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint. ascospores was numerically examined using field data collected from spore traps in Skierniewice, Poland, during 2005–2008 and 2010–2014. In order to avoid a bias resulting from different abundance of airborne ascospores in different seasons, the cumulative proportions of mature ascospores observed in the season were analyzed. The maturation rate was expressed with the probit of cumulative proportion which linearized its sigmoidal shape and made the effect of the weather during the entire season of the same importance. The significant, positive association between the probit slope and the moisture indicators related to precipitation, leaf wetness, and high relative humidity were observed. Additionally, the significant, negative relationships with the average and maximal air temperature were found. The results suggested that rain should be treated as the major factor driving the ascospore development and leaf wetness as the second factor. In conclusion, the main sources of moisture should be taken into account in statistical models of ascospore development, but it seems reasonable to take into account different strength of their association with the development rate.
Geometric Morphometric Analyses Support Incorporating the Goshen Point Type into Plainview
Authors: Buchanan Briggs , Collard Mark , O'Brien Michael J.
Published: November 2019

Recent work has demonstrated that Goshen points overlap in time with another group of unfluted lanceolate points from the Plains, Plainview points. This has raised the question of whether the two types should be kept separate or consolidated into a single type. We sought to resolve this issue by applying geometric morphometric methods to a sample of points from well-documented Goshen and Plainview assemblages. We found that their shapes were statistically indistinguishable, which indicates that Goshen and Plainview points should be assigned to the same type. Because Plainview points were recognized before Goshen points, it is the latter type name that should be dropped. Sinking Goshen into Plainview allows us to move beyond taxonomic issues and toward understanding both the spatiotemporal variation that exists among Plainview assemblages and what it can tell us about the adaptations and social dynamics of Plainview groups.
An outbreak of ST307 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producingKlebsiella pneumoniaein a rehabilitation center: An unusual source and route of transmission
Authors: Boonstra Marrit B. , Spijkerman Dorien C. M. , Voor in ‘t holt Anne F. , van der Laan Rob J. , Bode Lonneke G. M. , van Vianen Wim , Klaassen Corné H. W. , Vos Margreet C. , Severin Juliëtte A.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

Nosocomial outbreaks due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms in rehabilitation centers have rarely been reported. We report an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producingKlebsiella pneumoniae(ESBL-K. pneumoniae) on a single ward in a rehabilitation center in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Design:

Outbreak description.

Setting:

A 40-bed ward of a rehabilitation center in the Netherlands.

Methods:

In October 2016, 2 patients were found to be colonized by genetically indistinguishable ESBL-K. pneumoniaeisolates. Therefore, an outbreak management team was installed, by whom a contact tracing plan was made. In addition to general outbreak measures, specific measures were formulated to allow continuation of the rehabilitation process. Also, environmental cultures were taken. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and amplification fragment-length polymorphism were used to determine strain relatedness. Selected isolates were subjected to whole-genome multilocus sequence typing.

Results:

The outbreak lasted 8 weeks. In total, 14 patients were colonized with an ESBL-K. pneumoniae, of whom 11 patients had an isolate belonging to sequence type 307. Overall, 163 environmental cultures were taken. Several sites of a household washing machine were repeatedly found to be contaminated with the outbreak strain. This machine was used to wash lifting slings and patient clothing contaminated with feces. The outbreak was contained after taking the machine temporarily out of service and implementing a reinforced and adapted protocol on the use of this machine.

Conclusion:

We conclude that in this outbreak, the route of transmission of the outbreak strain via the household washing machine played a major role.
Why Religion Is Hard For Historians (and How It Can Be Easier)
Authors: Lofton Kathryn
Published: November 2019

History is a word for a certain kind of reasoning: reasoning about time, about human agency, and about material records that can provide information about humans as marked by time. For many scholars—not to mention many of those outside the academy—such reasoning is antithetical to the wordreligion. No matter how many books prove incontrovertibly that the authors of the Talmud engaged rigorously with Greek philosophy, or that Islamic philosophers contributed to the formation of modern scientific practice, or that evangelical readers engaged significantly with Biblical criticism, scholars of religion have not (and perhaps finally cannot) upend the common perception that religion is not a site of reasoned thought, but rather a space where reason is suspended. “Religion is too important to be left in the hands of people who believe in it. Finally, historians are coming to grips with this simple truth,” David A. Hollinger opined in response to reports about the flurry of scholarly interest in religion as an effect in the modern United States. It is a good quip, but one that portrays the historian as an axiomatically rationalist hero, swooping into medieval confusion in order to give clarifying accounts of the truth behind puzzling theologies, curious myths, and archaic rituals. Hollinger suggests that religious people or religious historians cannot do this work. Believers by his lights are not to be trusted with the reasoning history demands.
Politicization of Ethnicity: The Moravian-Silesian Movement in the Czech Republic and the Silesian Movement in Poland—A Comparative Approach
Authors: Muś Anna
Published: November 2019

Ethnoregionalism in Europe is a phenomenon usually studied in the context of Western Europe. Still, in Central and Eastern Europe, there are some social and political movements that can be categorized as ethnoregionalist. The phenomenon started to play a role even before the Great War and in the interwar period, but was suppressed during the times of socialist regimes. It resurfaced immediately after 1989 during the times of transformation of political systems to fully democratic systems when problems of decentralization, authority, and division of power became openly discussed. In this article, I compare two such movements in the context of their political potential. The Moravian-Silesian movement in the Czech Republic and the Silesian movement in Poland have both similarities and differences, but the article mostly focuses on the evolution of these movements.
Kenya and China's labour relations: infrastructural development for whom, by whom?
Authors: Plummer Anita
Published: November 2019

The Kenyan government's long-term development strategy, Vision 2030, has emphasized infrastructural investments, which it believes will lead to sustained economic growth. The government has appealed to China to fund large-scale projects in the transport sector, and as a consequence of this, construction firms from China have emerged as significant employers in the country. While the Kenyan government contends with the ongoing burden of youth unemployment, it must also reconcile the ambiguities of China's role in Africa and its implications for the labour market. This article examines two Chinese-built infrastructure projects in Kenya and their intersection with several issues involving migrant labour and local rumours of Chinese prisoners, as well as the state's vision for industrialization and youth employment. Kenyans utilize both online and interpersonal channels of discourse to critique present-day employment practices in the transport sector, and it is argued that these counter-channels of discourse represent a particular articulation of knowledge used by Kenyans to construct meaning and interpret ambiguous situations. Through a theoretical analysis of rumour, this article illustrates how ordinary Kenyans are pooling their intellectual resources to understand Sino-Kenyan labour relations in the absence of transparency and participatory government processes in the infrastructure sector.
United Nigerian Textiles Limited and Chinese–Nigerian textile-manufacturing collaboration in Kaduna
Authors: Renne Elisha P.
Published: November 2019

In 1964, the newly established Hong Kong-based Cha Group partnered with the Northern Nigerian Regional Development Corporation to open the United Nigerian Textiles Limited (UNTL) mill in Kaduna – the largest textile mill in Northern Nigeria. The Cha Group later expanded, building textile mills in other parts of the country. Both Chinese and Nigerian managers and workers were involved in UNTL mills, which by 1980 provided printed cotton textiles for the Nigerian market and for other markets in West Africa. Yet this Chinese–Nigeria collaboration could not overcome factors external to the textile-manufacturing industry. Declining infrastructure, erratic electricity, frequent changes in political leadership at the federal level, and the smuggling of less-costly imported textiles (often from China) undermined local textile manufacturing, while inflationary pressures associated with the national oil industry undermined agricultural production, exacerbating the difficulties of obtaining raw Nigerian cotton. In 2007, the UNTL mill in Kaduna closed, although it resumed production in December 2010, assisted by the 100 billion naira Cotton, Textile and Garment Development Fund. Cha Group officials also used their knowledge of the Nigerian textile market as the basis for the marketing of branded, high-quality manufactured textiles, known as Da Viva®, at company-franchised shops in major Nigerian cities. The Cha Group took advantage of digital innovation, both in the printing of these popular textiles and also by advertising them on an attractive website. This article considers the ways in which the United Nigerian Textiles Plc company has maintained production of grey cloth and printed textiles at its mills in Kaduna and Ikorodu-Lagos, along with the marketing of Da Viva®cotton prints, which suggests the continuing, if contradictory, possibilities for this Nigerian–Chinese textile-manufacturing collaboration.
Distribution ofPomphorhynchus laevis s.l.(Acanthocephala) among fish species at a local scale: importance of fish biomass density
Authors: Perrot-Minnot M.-J. , Bollache L. , Lagrue C.
Published: November 2019

Parasite distribution among hosts is a fundamental aspect of host–parasite interactions. Aggregated parasite distributions within and across host species are commonly reported and potentially influenced by many factors, whether host or parasite specific, or related to host–parasite encounter and compatibility. Yet, the respective role of each in observed parasite distributions are often unclear. Here, we documented the distribution of the acanthocephalan parasitePomphorhynchus laevis sensu lato(s.l.) in two replicate fish host populations. Aggregated distributions were observed in both populations, within and across fish host species. We found a positive abundance–prevalence relationship across fish species, suggesting that resource availability (fish host biomass density) was the main driver ofP. laevis s.l.distribution. This was supported by further positive associations between mean parasite load and fish biomass density. We found little evidence for intensity-dependent regulation within host (i.e. intra-host competition among co-infecting parasites). Furthermore,P. laevis s.l.infection had no detectable effect on fish condition indices, except on the body condition of female barbel (Barbus barbus). Therefore,P. laevis s.l.tended to accumulate with size/age within fish species, and with fish biomass density among fish species, with apparently negligible limitations due to intra-host intensity-dependent regulation of parasite, or to parasite-induced morbidity in fish. The relative availability of final hosts for trophic transmission thus appears to be the main driver ofP. laevis s.l.distribution among fish.
Marriage and reductions in men's alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use
Authors: Salvatore Jessica E. , Gardner Charles O. , Kendler Kenneth S.
Published: November 2019

Background

Psychoactive substance use is lower among married compared to divorced or unmarried men; yet, the nature of this effect remains unclear because becoming and staying married is potentially confounded with substance-related background familial and individual factors, like parental divorce and personality. The authors investigated the associations between marital status and substance use; how substance use changed across the transition to marriage; and whether marriage effects were likely to be causal.

Method

The sample included 1790 adults from male–male twin pairs from a population-based registry. Measures of marital status and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use came from Life History Calendars. Data were analyzed using regression, co-twin comparison, and within-person models. The latter models are tools for quasi-causal inference that control for familial and individual-level confounders.

Results

Married men used less alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis than men who were divorced/separated or single. In analyses of substance use across the transition to marriage, men reduced their alcohol and cannabis use both before and after marriage, but their tobacco use only after marriage. These effects were largely robust in co-twin and within-person analyses.

Conclusions

Marriage was associated with substantial reductions in substance use compared to being divorced/separated or single, and these reductions began prior to marriage. The co-twin comparison and within-person models ruled out the alternative explanation that marriage effects were due to confounding background familial and individual factors. These results provide strong evidence that the social role expectations associated with marriage reduce psychoactive substance use.
Comparative Kinematic Analysis and Design Optimization of Redundant and Nonredundant Planar Parallel Manipulators Intended for Haptic Use
Authors: Saafi Houssem , Lamine Houssein
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates a comparative kinematic analysis between nonredundant and redundant 2-Degree Of Freedom parallel manipulators. The nonredundant manipulator is based on the Five-Bar mechanism, and the redundant one is a 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator. This study is aimed to select the best structure for a haptic application. This latter requires a mechanism with a desired workspace of 10 cm × 10 cm and an admissible force of 5 N in all directions. The analysis criteria are the accuracy of the forward kinematic model and the required actuator torques. Thereby, the geometric parameters of the two structures are optimized in order to satisfy the required workspace such that parallel singularities are overcome. The analysis showed that the nonredundant optimally designed manipulator is more suitable for the haptic application.
Getting away from the point: the emergence of ostensive gestures and their functions
Authors: MORENO-NÚÑEZ Ana , RODRÍGUEZ Cintia , MIRANDA-ZAPATA Edgardo
Published: November 2019

Within developmental psychology, pointing gestures have received a great deal of attention, while ostensive gestures have been overlooked in terms of their emergence and intentionality. In a longitudinal and micro-genetic study with six children at 9, 11, and 13 months of age, we codified gesture production of children within second-by-second data frames. We identified 480 instances of gestures and categorised whether they were of ostensive, ostensive–indexical, or indexical nature. We specified the communicative function of each gesture by analysing the object involved and their circumstances of production. Data analysis include frequencies, binomial tests, proportion comparisons, and repeated measures ANOVA. We identified a phatic function in other-directed gestures, as well as exploratory and private functions in self-directed gestures. This has important implications for child development since ostensive gestures are easier to produce and to understand than pointing. The consideration of objects would be essential for defining the communicative function of gestures.
Human Extinction and Our Obligations to the Past
Authors: Kaczmarek Patrick , Beard Simon
Published: November 2019

On certain plausible views, if humanity were to unanimously decide to cause its own extinction, this would not be wrong, since there is no one whom this act would wrong. We argue this is incorrect. Causing human extinction would still wrong someone; namely, our forebears who sacrificed life, limb and livelihood for the good of posterity, and whose sacrifices would be made less morally worthwhile by this heinous act.
Insights into the neural mechanisms of becoming bilingual: A brief synthesis of second language research with artificial linguistic systems
Authors: Morgan-Short Kara
Published: November 2019

Artificial linguistic systems can offer researchers test tube-like models of second language (L2) acquisition through which specific questions can be examined under tightly controlled conditions. This paper examines what research with artificial linguistic systems has revealed about the neural mechanisms involved in L2 grammar learning. It first considers the validity of meaningful and non-meaningful artificial linguistic systems. Then it contextualizes and synthesizes neural artificial linguistic system research related to questions about age of exposure to the L2, type of exposure, and online L2 learning mechanisms. Overall, using artificial linguistic systems seems to be an effective and productive way of developing knowledge about L2 neural processes and correlates. With further validation, artificial linguistic system paradigms may prove an important tool more generally in understanding how individuals learn new linguistic systems as they become bilingual.
Malnutrition in all its forms and socio-economic indicators in Argentina
Authors: Zapata María Elisa , Soruco Ana Inés , Carmuega Esteban
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of five forms of malnutrition (wasting/underweight, overweight, obesity, stunting/short stature and anaemia) by socio-economic wealth (SEW) and educational level (EL) among children, adolescents and women of reproductive age in Argentina.

Design:

Analysis from a cross-sectional survey. Anthropometric indicators and prevalence of anaemia were estimated. SEW was classified according to the proportion of contributors in the household, employment status, EL and medical coverage. EL was categorized by years of formal education.

Setting:

National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2005.

Participants:

Children (n 27 015) <5 years, adolescent girls (n 1729) 11–19 years, women (n 4401) 20–49 years.

Results:

In Argentina, 26 % of households lived with unsatisfied basic needs and 23 % received at least one form of food assistance. Any form of malnutrition affected 23 % of children, 36 % of girls and 56 % of women. Children were especially affected by anaemia, overweight/obesity and stunting (15·2, 9·9, 7·4 %, respectively). Girls were affected by overweight/obesity, anaemia and stunting (22·5, 15·2, 6·2 %). Women were strongly affected by overweight/obesity, anaemia and stunting (43·8, 19·8, 10·5 %). Stunting or short stature was higher in low-SEW settings, doubling in prevalence between low and high levels, increasing four times among women in reproductive age (P < 0·05). Excess weight among children was higher in high-SEW settings, in women the tendency was inverse. Anaemia showed different tendency according to SEW.

Conclusions:

In 2005, Argentina had high rates of excess weight and anaemia, moderate prevalence of stunting and low frequency of wasting/underweight. All forms of malnutrition showed a strong relationship with socio-economic and educational inequality.
Dispatching Anglo-Saxonism: Whiteness and the Crises of American Racial Identity in Richard Harding Davis's Reports on the Boer War
Authors: Uhlman James Todd
Published: November 2019

U.S. opinion of the Second Boer War (1899–1902) was highly divided. The debate over the war served as a proxy for fights over domestic issues of immigration, inequality, and race. Anglo-American Republicans’ support for the British was undergirded by belief in Anglo-Saxon racial superiority. Caucasian but non-Anglo Democrats and Populists disputed the Anglo-Saxonist assumptions and explicitly equated the plight of the Boers to the racial and economic inequalities they faced in the United States. They utilized Anglophobia, republican ideology, and anti-modernist jeremiads to discredit their opponents and to elevate an alternative racial fiction: universal whiteness. Reports written by the celebrity journalist Richard Harding Davis while covering the Boer War, along with a wide array of other sources, illustrate the discursive underpinning of the debate. They also suggest the effectiveness of the pro-Boer argument in reshaping the racial opinions of some Anglo-Saxon elites. Although Davis arrived in South Africa a staunch supporter of transatlantic Anglo-Saxonism, he came to link the Boers with the republican values and frontier heritage associated with the U.S.’ own history. The equation of the South African Republic's resistance against the British Empire with that of the U.S.’ own war of independence highlighted contradictions between Anglo-Saxonism and American exceptionalism. As a result, Anglo-Saxonism was weakened. Davis and others increasingly embraced a notion of racial identity focused on color. Thus, public reaction to the Boer War contributed to the ongoing rise of a new wave ofherrenvolkdemocratic beliefs centered on a vision of white racial hybridity across the social and political divisions separating Americans of European descent.
RODRIGO JIMÉNEZ DE RADA Y LA COMPILACIÓN HISTORIOGRÁFICA DEL CÓDICE DE BAMBERG HIST. 3
Authors: DE CARLOS VILLAMARÍN HELENA
Published: November 2019

Rodrigo Jimenez de Rada's Historia Romanorum depends, when describing some of Aeneas's adventures and the origins of Rome, both on the anonymous paraphrase of the Excidium Troie called Excidium, and on the paraphrase of Paul the Deacon's Historia Romana copied in some manuscripts related to the codex Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek Hist. 3. Some features of Jimenez de Rada's Historia de rebus Hispanie also follow the paraphrase of Exordia Scythica copied in the same family of manuscripts. The antigraphus of the Bamberg codex, probably written in Campania in the tenth century, seems to have been the textual model for Jimenez de Rada, a man who used to travel to Italy and visit the papal court. Besides proving this fact, this paper aims to follow the steps of Excidium Troie, a text whose presence in medieval Spain is detectable, although in a particular version, in some manuscripts of the late 13th century.
LOS VERSOS DESCONOCIDOS DEL TOLEDANO: PROPUESTA DE IDENTIFICACIÓN
Authors: ESTÉVEZ SOLA JUAN A.
Published: November 2019

Se procede a la identificación de algunos de los versos incluidos en el De rebus Hispanie de Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada (1170–1247), hasta ahora no identificados.
CHAUCER'S LUCRETIA AND WHAT AUGUSTINE REALLY SAID ABOUT RAPE: TWO RECONSIDERATIONS
Authors: BUGBEE JOHN
Published: November 2019

Saint Augustine “hath gret compassioun / Of this Lucresse,” declares a couplet early in Chaucer's retelling of the story of the Roman rape victim and suicide Lucretia — prompting the majority of modern commentators to conclude that the poet either never read Augustine's treatment of the story directly, or subsequently forgot what it says, or speaks here with deliberate irony. How, they ask, could anyone familiar with that text (City of God1.19) judge it to be compassionate? But a second look reveals that the question has some positive answers, particularly when one attends not merely to the single chapter that names Lucretia but also to the surrounding thirteen-chapter discussion of rape and suicide in general. There Augustine shows compassion in several concrete ways that later summarizers omit and most modern readers overlook; the text even includes “compassion” in the strictest etymological sense of an attempt to feel-and-suffer-with a rape victim by imagining her inner world. Close attention to Chaucer's poem (the fifth in theLegend of Good Women) then uncovers more positive evidence for direct knowledge of Augustine, namely several apparent Chaucerian innovations in the story — most dramatically the fact that his Lucretia swoons just before the rape rather than “yielding” — that are easy to explain if the author was influenced by theCity of Godbut are unnecessary or simply puzzling if not. A brief conclusion suggests points at which Chaucer's direct knowledge of Augustine's text might affect our interpretations of other poems.
Control of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) using glyphosate and four graminicides: effects of herbicide rate, plant size, species, and accession
Authors: Metier Emily P. , Lehnhoff Erik A. , Mangold Jane , Rinella Matthew J. , Rew Lisa J.
Published: November 2019

Nonnative annual brome invasion is a major problem in many ecosystems throughout the semiarid Intermountain West, decreasing production and biodiversity. Herbicides are the most widely used control technique but can have negative effects on co-occurring species. Graminicides, or grass-specific herbicides, may be able to control annual bromes without harming forbs and shrubs in restoration settings, but limited studies have addressed this potential. This study focused on evaluating the efficacy of glyphosate and four graminicides to control annual bromes, specifically downy brome and Japanese brome. In a greenhouse, glyphosate and four graminicides (clethodim, sethoxydim, fluazifop-P-butyl, and quizalofop-P-ethyl) were applied at two rates to downy brome plants of different heights (Experiment 1) and to three accessions of downy brome and Japanese brome of one height (Experiment 2). All herbicides reduced downy brome biomass, with most effective control on plants of less than 11 cm and with less than 12 leaves. Overall, quizalofop-P-ethyl and fluazifop-P-butyl treatments were most effective, and glyphosate and sethoxydim treatments least effective. Accessions demonstrated variable response to herbicides: the downy brome accession from the undisturbed site was more susceptible to herbicides than downy brome from the disturbed accession and Japanese brome accessions. These results demonstrate the potential for graminicides to target these annual bromes in ecosystems where they are growing intermixed with desired forbs and shrubs.
Is the Letter Cancellation Task a Suitable Index of Ego	Depletion?
Authors: Wimmer Marina C. , Dome Lenard , Hancock Peter J. B. , Wennekers Thomas
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The aim was to quantify ego depletion and measure its effect on inhibitory control. Adults ( N = 523) received the letter “e” cancellation ego depletion task and were subsequently tested on Stroop task performance. Difficulty of the cancellation task was systematically manipulated by modifying the text from semantically meaningful to non-meaningful sentences and words (Experiment 1) and by increasing ego depletion rule complexity (Experiment 2). Participants’ performance was affected by both text and rule manipulations. There was no relation between ego depletion task performance and subsequent Stroop performance. Thus, irrespective of the difficulty of the ego depletion task, Stroop performance was unaffected. The widely used cancellation task may not be a suitable inducer of ego depletion if ego depletion is considered as a lack of inhibitory control.
The Past, Present, and Future of Ego Depletion
Authors: Inzlicht Michael , Friese Malte
Published: November 2019

Abstract. At the center of social psychology just a few years ago, ego depletion is now widely seen as a controversial topic, one of the chief victims of the replication crisis. Despite over 600 studies of apparent support, many are now asking if ego depletion is even real. Here, we comment on the articles included in this Special Issue: Ego Depletion and Self-Control: Conceptual and Empirical Advances. Specifically, we delineate the contributions and limitations of these articles by embedding them in a brief history of ego depletion, describing the current state of uncertainty about ego depletion’s scientific status, and outlining necessary steps for the study of ego depletion to have a healthy future. To us, the most troubling aspect of this controversy is not what it suggests about ego depletion, but what it suggests about social psychology more broadly. If the mere existence of ego depletion is seriously doubted by many, what can be confidently regarded as real in social psychology? By increasing the precision of our theories, continuously validating our manipulations and measures, and practicing the full suite of open science practices, we have the potential to identify legitimate and robust effects and build a cumulative and trustworthy psychological science.
Remote Detection of Drift Resonance Between Energetic Electrons and Ultralow Frequency Waves: Multisatellite Coordinated Observation by Arase and Van Allen Probes
Authors: Teramoto M. , Hori T. , Saito S. , Miyoshi Y. , Kurita S. , Higashio N. , Matsuoka A. , Kasahara Y. , Kasaba Y. , Takashima T. , Nomura R. , Nosé M. , Fujimoto A. , Tanaka Y.‐M. , Shoji M. , Tsugawa Y. , Shinohara M. , Shinohara I. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J.F. , Claudepierre S.G. , Turner D. L. , Kletzing C. A. , Sormakov D. , Troshichev O.
Published: November 2019

We report the electron flux modulations without corresponding magnetic fluctuations from unique multipoint satellite observations of the Arase (Exploration of Energization and Radiation in Geospace) and the Van Allen Probe (Radiation Belt Storm Probe [RBSP])‐B satellites. On 30 March 2017, both Arase and RBSP‐B observed periodic fluctuations in the relativistic electron flux with energies ranging from 500 keV to 2 MeV when they were located near the magnetic equator in the morning and dusk local time sectors, respectively. Arase did not observe Pc5 pulsations, while they were observed by RBSP‐B. The clear dispersion signature of the relativistic electron fluctuations observed by Arase indicates that the source region is limited to the postnoon to the dusk sector. This is confirmed by RBSP‐B and ground‐magnetometer observations, where Pc5 pulsations are observed to drift‐resonate with relativistic electrons on the duskside. Thus, Arase observed the drift‐resonance signatures “remotely,” whereas RBSP‐B observed them “locally.”
Author Correction: Proteome evolution under non-substitutable resource limitation
Authors: Tamminen Manu , Betz Alexander , Pereira Aaron Louis , Thali Marco , Matthews Blake , Suter Marc J.-F. , Narwani Anita
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Nickel-catalyzed intermolecular oxidative Heck arylation driven by transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Lv Honggui , Kang Huiying , Zhou Biying , Xue Xiaosong , Engle Keary M. , Zhao Dongbing
Published: November 2019

The conventional oxidative Heck reaction between aryl boronic acids and alkenes typically involved the PdII/Pd0/PdII catalytic cycle incorporating an external oxidant and often suffered C=C bond isomerization for internal alkyl-substituted alkenes via chain-walking. Herein, we demonstrate that the regioselectivity (γ-selectivity vs. δ-selectivity) and pathway selectivity (hydroarylation vs. oxidative Heck coupling) of a directed Ni-catalyzed alkene arylation can be controlled by judicious tuning of the coordination environment around the nickel catalyst via optimization of an appropriate phosphine ligand and directing group. In this way, the Ni(0)-catalyzed oxidative Heck arylation that relies on transfer hydrogenation of an acceptor olefin is developed with excellent E/Z selectivity and regioselectivity. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the addition of the acceptor is crucial for lowering the energy for carbometalation and for enabling catalytic turnover.
The long noncoding RNA lncNB1 promotes tumorigenesis by interacting with ribosomal protein RPL35
Authors: Liu Pei Y. , Tee Andrew E. , Milazzo Giorgio , Hannan Katherine M. , Maag Jesper , Mondal Sujanna , Atmadibrata Bernard , Bartonicek Nenad , Peng Hui , Ho Nicholas , Mayoh Chelsea , Ciaccio Roberto , Sun Yuting , Henderson Michelle J. , Gao Jixuan , Everaert Celine , Hulme Amy J. , Wong Matthew , Lan Qing , Cheung Belamy B. , Shi Leming , Wang Jenny Y. , Simon Thorsten , Fischer Matthias , Zhang Xu D. , Marshall Glenn M. , Norris Murray D. , Haber Michelle , Vandesompele Jo , Li Jinyan , Mestdagh Pieter , Hannan Ross D. , Dinger Marcel E. , Perini Giovanni , Liu Tao
Published: November 2019

The majority of patients with neuroblastoma due to MYCN oncogene amplification and consequent N-Myc oncoprotein over-expression die of the disease. Here our analyses of RNA sequencing data identify the long noncoding RNA lncNB1 as one of the transcripts most over-expressed in MYCN-amplified, compared with MYCN-non-amplified, human neuroblastoma cells and also the most over-expressed in neuroblastoma compared with all other cancers. lncNB1 binds to the ribosomal protein RPL35 to enhance E2F1 protein synthesis, leading to DEPDC1B gene transcription. The GTPase-activating protein DEPDC1B induces ERK protein phosphorylation and N-Myc protein stabilization. Importantly, lncNB1 knockdown abolishes neuroblastoma cell clonogenic capacity in vitro and leads to neuroblastoma tumor regression in mice, while high levels of lncNB1 and RPL35 in human neuroblastoma tissues predict poor patient prognosis. This study therefore identifies lncNB1 and its binding protein RPL35 as key factors for promoting E2F1 protein synthesis, N-Myc protein stability and N-Myc-driven oncogenesis, and as therapeutic targets.
Spatial Multiplexing Technique for Improving Dynamic Range of Speckle Correlation based Optical Lever
Authors: Anand Vijayakumar , Bhattacharya Shanti , Rosen Joseph
Published: November 2019

Speckle correlation based optical levers (SC-OptLev) possess attractive characteristics suitable for sensing small changes in the angular orientations of surfaces. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a spatial multiplexing technique for improving the dynamic range of SC-OptLev. When the surface is in its initial position, a synthetic speckle intensity pattern, larger than the area of the image sensor is created by transversely shifting the image sensor and recording different sections of a larger speckle pattern. Then, the acquired images are stitched together by a computer program into one relatively large synthetic speckle pattern. Following the calibration stage, the synthetic speckle intensity pattern is used to sense changes in the surface’s angular orientation. The surface is monitored in real-time by recording part of the speckle pattern which lies within the sensor area. Next, the recorded speckle pattern is cross-correlated with the synthetic speckle pattern in the computer. The resulting shift of the correlation peak indicates the angular orientations of the reflective surface under test. This spatial-multiplexing technique enables sensing changes in the angular orientation of the surface beyond the limit imposed by the physical size of the image sensor.