bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Additional Administration of a Selective Inhibitor of Sodium Glucose co-transporter-2 Inhibitor on the Glycemic Control in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Receiving Treatment with a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor
Authors: Kusunoki Masataka , Sato Daisuke , Sakazaki Takahiko , Miyata Tetsuro , Tsutsumi Kazuhiko , Oshida Yoshiharu
Published: March 2020

We conducted this study to determine whether additional administration sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor might provide further improvement of glycemic control and also to explore any advantages in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients showing relatively good glycemic control under treatment dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. We divided the patients in two groups, MT group and CT group. The MT group were continued on the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment for 6-months, and CT group were additionally administered an SGLT2 inhibitor treatment for 6-months. The MT group showed a significant decrease of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), but a significant increase of body weight, body mass index and serum uric acid, compared to the baseline values, while the CT group showed a significant decrease of HbA1c, body weight, BMI, and serum uric acid, and also a significant increase of serum HDL-cholesterol and decrease of serum triglyceride levels. Furthermore, this group showed a significant decrease of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), which are markers of liver function. These results suggest that the combination therapy is useful, in particular, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hyperlipidemia and liver dysfunction. Among the SGLT2 inhibitors added to the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment, the decreases of serum levels of AST, ALT and γ-GTP were particularly significant in the group receiving luseogliflozin, suggesting that the combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor with luseogliflozin is particularly effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with liver dysfunction.
Prävention sexualisierter Gewalt – Evaluation eines universitären Seminars für angehende Lehrkräfte
Authors: Czollek Jonathan , Muck Christoph
Published: March 2020

Einleitung Angesichts hoher Prävalenzen und schwerwiegender Konsequenzen von sexualisierter Gewalt sind evidenzbasierte Präventionsansätze notwendig. Eine Variante stellen hierbei universitäre Seminare für angehende Lehrkräfte dar, da diese als potentielle Multiplikator_innen verschiedene präventive Schutzfunktionen einnehmen können.

Forschungsziele Da empirische Wirksamkeitsbelege hier jedoch weitgehend fehlen, war das Ziel dieser Studie die Evaluation eines universitären Seminars zur Prävention sexualisierter Gewalt. Dazu wurden aus der Bystander- und der Selbstwirksamkeitsforschung verschiedene Wirksamkeitskriterien abgeleitet: Vorurteile, Rollenambiguität, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Klarheit der Grenzeinschätzung und sorgenvolle Emotionen.

Methoden Im Rahmen eines quasi-experimentellen Designs wurden einer Interventionsgruppe, die am Seminar teilnahm (N = 22; M
Alter = 22.5, SD = 3.14), und einer Kontrollgruppe (N = 17; M
Alter = 24.29, SD = 2.37) Fragebögen vorgelegt.

Ergebnisse Die Interventionsgruppe zeigte nach der Teilnahme signifikant weniger Vorurteile (d = -.74) und höhere Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (d = .89). Es fanden sich Hinweise darauf, dass das Seminar die Rollenambiguität senkt (η2 = .57) und die Klarheit der Grenzeinschätzung steigert (d = 1.07). In Bezug auf die sorgenvollen Emotionen wurden keine Effekte gefunden.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Wirksamkeit des universitären Seminars hin. Praktische Implikationen zur Weiterentwicklung des Ansatzes sowie methodische Limitationen wie subjektive Messinstrumente, Stichprobengröße und Langfristigkeit der Effekte werden diskutiert.
Application of the Intramolecular Diels–Alder Vinylarenе (IMDAV) Approach for the Synthesis of Thieno[2,3-f]isoindoles
Authors: Obushak Mykola D. , Zubkov Fedor I. , Nadirova Maryana A. , Laba Yevhen-Oleh V. , Zaytsev Vladimir P. , Sokolova Julya S. , Pokazeev Kuzma M. , Anokhina Victoria A. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Horak Yuriy I. , Lytvyn Roman Z. , Siczek Miłosz , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Zubavichus Yan V. , Kuznetsov Maxim L.
Published: March 2020

3-(Thien-2-yl)- and 3-(thien-3-yl)allylamines, readily accessible from the corresponding thienyl aldehydes, can interact with a broad range of anhydrides and α,β-unsaturated acids chlorides (maleic, сitraconic­, and phenyl maleic anhydrides, сrotonyl and сinnamyl chlorides, etc.) leading to the formation of a thieno[2,3-f]isoindole core. Usually, the reaction sequence involves three successive steps: acylation of the nitrogen atom of the initial allylamine, the intramolecular Diels–Alder vinylarenе (IMDAV) reaction, and the final aromatization of the dihydrothiophene ring in the Diels–Alder adducts. The scope and limitations of the proposed method were thoroughly investigated. It was revealed with the aid of X-ray analysis that the key step, the IMDAV reaction, proceeds through an exo-transition state, giving rise to the exclusive formation of a single diastereomer of the target heterocycle. In the case of maleic anhydrides, the method allows to obtain functionally substituted thieno[2,3-f]isoindole carboxylic acids, which are potentially useful substrates for further transformations and subsequent bioscreening.
Rational Design of New Dihydrobenzooxophosphole-Based Lewis Base Organocatalysts
Authors: Qu Bo , Samankumara Lalith P. , Saha Anjan , Schumer Mac G. , Han Zhengxu S. , Haddad Nizar , Busacca Carl A. , Yee Nathan K. , Kozlowski Marisa C. , Song Jinghua J. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: March 2020

A series of new dihydrobenzooxophosphole-based Lewis base organocatalysts were designed and synthesized. They are shown to be effective in trichlorosilane-mediated stereoselective conjugate reductions of C=C bonds. DFT calculations reveal that the strong hydrogen bonds between the amide linker and the chloride on silicon in the transition state contribute to the high reactivity of the catalyst.
3-(2-Isocyanoethyl)indole: A Versatile Reagent for Polycyclic Spiroindoline Synthesis
Authors: Liu Yun-Lin , Chen Guo-Shu , Lin Xiao-Tong
Published: March 2020

Polycyclic spiroindolines are the basic skeletons of large families of indole alkaloids that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. The past seven years have seen impressive developments in the construction of polycyclic spiroindolines enabled by 3-(2-isocyanoethyl)indole-based cascade reactions. We herein give a brief summary on this evolution and highlight our contributions in this field.

1 Introduction

2 Cascade Reactions Involving Nitrilium Ion Intermediates

3 Cascade Reactions Involving Ketenimine Intermediates

4 Conclusion and Outlook
One of the Rarest Syndromes in Dentistry: Gardner Syndrome
Authors: Basaran Guvenc , Erkan Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Gardner syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome. It will follow a positive course with diagnosis and treatment by medical and dental specialists. Orthodontists or general dental physicians can easily diagnose the syndrome through radiological images taken in addition to dental and skeletal findings. The aim of this study was therefore to report two cases of this syndrome and to evaluate it from an orthodontic perspective in order to attract the attention of orthodontists to thisrare anomaly. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:208-212)
Extrafollicular Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor of the Mandible: Report of a Case
Authors: Yilmaz Nergiz , Acikgoz Aydan , Celebi Nukhet , Zengin A. Zeynep , Gunhan Omer
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to report an extrafollicular adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in the mandibular anterior region in a patient. A 15 year-old female with a painless swelling in the mandibular anterior region was referred to our clinic. Fine needle aspiration yielded no fluid. Periapical, panoramic and computer tomography scans showed circumscribed radiolucent area with fine calcifications. The lesion was totally enucleated and the teeth 31, 32 were removed. The rarity of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor may be associated with its slowly growing pattern and symptomless behavior. Therefore, it should be distinguished from more common lesions of odontogenic origin in routine dental examinations. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:71-74)
Resin Gingival Barrier as a Polymerizable Try-In Paste for Dynamic Try-In of Crowns and Veneers
Authors: Abyad Ahmed , Jarrah Ziad , Hallak Amin , Ragab Hala , Osman Essam
Published: March 2020

Try-in sessions are often performed to check the fit and shape of restorations; however, try-in pastes do not exhibit enough viscosity to keep the restoration in place especially in the case of veneers that keep falling off during try-in. The use of polymerizable soft resins similar to those used as a gingival barrier in bleaching treatment can lock the veneer or crown in place during try-in for dynamic assessment of the restoration, at the same time easy removal of the paste is possible since the resin film is peeled off in one piece leaving no residues for cleanup.
Evolução funcional após discectomia endoscópica lombar, uma avaliação mais precoce de 32 casos
Authors: Aprile Bruno César , Amato Marcelo Campos Moraes , de Oliveira Cézar Augusto
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Determinar o tempo de alta hospitalar e o período de melhora funcional e da dor dos pacientes submetidos a discectomia endoscópica percutânea lombar (DEPL).

Métodos Avaliação retrospectiva do tempo de internação e dos questionários escala visual análoga (EVA), índice de incapacidade Oswestry (IIO), e Roland-Morris de 32 pacientes submetidos a DEPL nos períodos pré-operatório e com 2 dias, e 1, 2, 4, 6, e 12 semanas pós-operatórias.

Resultados Todos os pacientes receberam alta em menos de 6 horas houve melhora estatística entre o período pré-operatório e 2 dias pós-operatório , sendo o valor médio do questionário EVA axial de 6,63 para 3,31, do EVA irradiado de 6,66 para 2,75, do IIO de 44,59% para 33,17% e do Roland-Morris de 14,03 para 10,34. Tal diferença apresentou melhora progressiva até 12 semanas em todos os questionários. O IIO atingiu valores de incapacidade mínima (19,39%) com 6 semanas de avaliação.

Conclusão Todos os 32 pacientes receberam alta hospitalar em até 6 horas. Houve melhora significativa dos sintomas funcionais e de dor já com 48 horas, apresentando ainda melhora adicional significativa e progressiva até o 3° mês.
Mediciones frecuentes en el sistema nervioso central mediante tomografía computada e imágenes de resonancia magnética
Authors: Sartori Pablo , Alvarado Luis , Chirveches María , Urrutia Macarena , Yampolsky Braian
Published: March 2020

En la práctica diaria, durante la realización de informes, suelen presentarse variantes anatómicas, lesiones y diversas patologías del sistema nervioso central (SNC) en las que es necesario realizar algún tipo de mediciones con la finalidad de formular un diagnóstico preciso.

Esas mediciones permiten al médico derivante o tratante programar y realizar procedimientos terapéuticos mínimamente invasivos o que requieran una intervención quirúrgica de mayor relevancia.

Realizamos una descripción de las mediciones más frecuentes en el SNC empleando tomografía computada (TC) e imágenes de resonancia magnética (RM).
Separating divertor closure effects on divertor detachment and pedestal shape in DIII-D
Authors: Moser A. L. , Casali L. , Covele B. M. , Leonard A. W. , McLean A. G. , Shafer M. W. , Wang H. Q. , Watkins J. G.
Published: March 2020

Comparison between an open divertor and a more-closed divertor in DIII-D demonstrates detachment up to 40% lower pedestal density (ne,ped) in the closed divertor due to a combination of decreased fueling of the pedestal and increased dissipation in the scrape off layer (SOL) in the closed divertor, both resulting from increased neutral trapping in the divertor. Predicting whether the relationship between divertor closure and detachment will hold for an opaque SOL, in which the contribution of ionizing neutrals to fueling the pedestal is lessened, requires separating out different mechanisms contributing to the density difference at detachment. A series of experiments on DIII-D characterizes matched discharges using various divertor configurations to isolate the effects of divertor closure. These experiments show detachment up to 25% lower ne,sep in the closed divertor than in the open divertor, supported by simulations showing increased neutral trapping, and hence, increased dissipation, in the closed divertor. A difference in ne,ped/ne,sep is also seen: for matched ne,sep, the closed divertor has up to 20% lower ne,ped, consistent with modeling showing a smaller ionization fraction inside the separatrix in this case. Understanding how these pieces fit together will help in the development of predictive models of pedestal density and detached divertors compatible with a high performance core.
Enhanced electromechanical coupling in SAW resonators based on sputtered non-polar Al0.77Sc0.23N 112¯ thin films
Authors: Ding Anli , Kirste Lutz , Lu Yuan , Driad Rachid , Kurz Nicolas , Lebedev Vadim , Christoph Tim , Feil Niclas M. , Lozar Roger , Metzger Thomas , Ambacher Oliver , Žukauskaitė Agnė
Published: March 2020

Non-polar a-plane Al0.77Sc0.23N 112¯0 thin films were prepared by magnetron sputter epitaxy on r-plane Al2O3(11¯02) substrates. Different substrate off-cut angles were compared, and the off-cut angle of 3° resulted in the best structural quality of the AlScN layer. Structural characterization by x-ray diffraction confirmed that single phase, wurtzite-type, a-plane AlScN 112¯0, surface acoustic wave resonators were fabricated with wavelengths λ = 2–10 μm (central frequency up to 1.7 GHz) with two orthogonal in-plane propagation directions. A strong dependence of electromechanical coupling on the in-plane orientation was observed. Compared to conventional c-plane AlScN based resonators, an increase of 185–1000% in the effective electromechanical coupling was achieved with only a fractional decrease of  <10.5% in series resonance frequency.
Super resolution convolutional neural network for feature extraction in spectroscopic data
Authors: Peng Han , Gao Xiang , He Yu , Li Yiwei , Ji Yuchen , Liu Chuhang , Ekahana Sandy A. , Pei Ding , Liu Zhongkai , Shen Zhixun , Chen Yulin
Published: March 2020

Two dimensional (2D) peak finding is a common practice in data analysis for physics experiments, which is typically achieved by computing the local derivatives. However, this method is inherently unstable when the local landscape is complicated or the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is low. In this work, we propose a new method in which the peak tracking task is formalized as an inverse problem, which thus can be solved with a convolutional neural network (CNN). In addition, we show that the underlying physics principle of the experiments can be used to generate the training data. By generalizing the trained neural network on real experimental data, we show that the CNN method can achieve comparable or better results than traditional derivative based methods. This approach can be further generalized in different physics experiments when the physical process is known.
Synchronization transition from chaos to limit cycle oscillations when a locally coupled chaotic oscillator grid is coupled globally to another chaotic oscillator
Authors: Godavarthi Vedasri , Kasthuri Praveen , Mondal Sirshendu , Sujith R. I. , Marwan Norbert , Kurths Jürgen
Published: March 2020

Some physical systems with interacting chaotic subunits, when synchronized, exhibit a dynamical transition from chaos to limit cycle oscillations via intermittency such as during the onset of oscillatory instabilities that occur due to feedback between various subsystems in turbulent flows. We depict such a transition from chaos to limit cycle oscillations via intermittency when a grid of chaotic oscillators is coupled diffusively with a dissimilar chaotic oscillator. Toward this purpose, we demonstrate the occurrence of such a transition to limit cycle oscillations in a grid of locally coupled non-identical Rössler oscillators bidirectionally coupled with a chaotic Van der Pol oscillator. Further, we report the existence of symmetry breaking phenomena such as chimera states and solitary states during this transition from desynchronized chaos to synchronized periodicity. We also identify the temporal route for such a synchronization transition from desynchronized chaos to generalized synchronization via intermittent phase synchronization followed by chaotic synchronization and phase synchronization. Further, we report the loss of multifractality and loss of scale-free behavior in the time series of the chaotic Van der Pol oscillator and the mean field time series of the Rössler system. Such behavior has been observed during the onset of oscillatory instabilities in thermoacoustic, aeroelastic, and aeroacoustic systems. This model can be used to perform inexpensive numerical control experiments to suppress synchronization and thereby to mitigate unwanted oscillations in physical systems.
Profile retrieval of a buried periodic structure using spin echo grazing incidence neutron scattering
Authors: Ashkar R. , Dalgliesh R. M. , Pynn R. , Dunbar A. D. F. , Jones R. A. L. , Parnell A. J.
Published: March 2020

When the neutron scattering technique, Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering (SERGIS) concept, was originally put forward by Rekveldt [Physica B 1135, 234–236 (1997)] and Felcher et al. [Proc. SPIE 4785, 164 (2002)], they recognized that the specular scattering and the off-specular scattering could be spatially separated due to the tight neutron beam collimation in the scattering plane, a necessity for any reflectometry experiment. In this Letter, we show that it is possible to make large area measurements of periodic grating structures using SERGIS in a number of interesting scenarios. The SERGIS data can be analyzed using a dynamical theory, which makes it possible to effectively retrieve the lateral profile of a commercial periodic diffraction grating. Interestingly, this is still the case even when that grating is buried beneath a highly deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate-D8) polymer layer. We also clearly demonstrate that the maximum sensitivity to lateral structures is achieved when the specular reflection from the grating is excluded from the data analysis, demonstrating a feature of SERGIS that was proposed over two decades ago.
Application of accelerated long-range corrected exchange functional [LC-DFT(2Gau)] to periodic boundary condition systems: CO adsorption on Cu(111) surface
Authors: Mishima Kenji , Kaneko Masanori , Song Jong-Won , Kawai Hiroki , Yamashita Koichi , Hirao Kimihiko
Published: March 2020

Several different types of density functional theory (DFT) exchange correlation functionals were applied to a periodic boundary condition (PBC) system [carbon monoxide (CO) adsorbed on Cu(111): CO/Cu(111)] and the differences in the results calculated using these functionals were compared. The exchange correlation functionals compared were those of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and those of long-range corrected density functional theory (LC-DFT), such as LC-ωPBE(2Gau) and LC-BLYP(2Gau). Solid state properties such as the partial density of states were calculated in order to elucidate the detailed adsorption mechanisms and back-bonding peculiar to the CO/Cu(111) system. In addition, our benchmark analysis of the correlations among the orbitals of CO and Cu metal using LC-DFT reasonably was in line with the experimentally observed adsorption site. The computation time was reasonable, and other numerical results were found to agree well with the experimental results and also with the theoretical results of other researchers. This suggests that the long-range Hartree–Fock exchange integral should be included to correctly predict the electronic nature of PBC systems.
Imploding shocks in real reacting gases with dust particles
Authors: Shah Sarswati , Singh Randheer
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we investigate the problem of imploding shock waves in dusty real reacting gases with the same γ-law via the Lie group invariance method. Necessary invariance group properties of an ambient gas for strong shocks are presented and yield the forms of the reaction rate in different cases. The collapse of imploding shocks for a radially symmetric flow of non-ideal dusty reacting gases is completely characterized. The effects of mass consolidation of dust particles, relative specific heat, van der Waals excluded volume, energies of formation of mixtures, and the ratio of the density of dust particles to that of density of the gas on shock involution are obtained.
Oxygen evolution reaction: Bifunctional mechanism breaking the linear scaling relationship
Authors: Gono Patrick , Pasquarello Alfredo
Published: March 2020

The bifunctional mechanism for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involving two distinct reaction sites is studied through the computational hydrogen electrode method for a set of catalyst materials including rutile TiO2(110), anatase TiO2(101), SnO2(110), RuO2(110), IrO2(110), Ni2P(0001), and BiVO4(001). The calculations are performed both at the semilocal level and at the hybrid functional level. Moreover, anodic conditions are modeled and their effect on the OER free energy steps is evaluated. The free energies of the reaction steps indicate that for specific combinations of catalysts, the limitations due to the linear scaling relationship can be overcome, leading to smaller overpotentials for the overall OER. At the same time, a detailed analysis of the results reveals a strong dependence on the adopted functional. For both functionals, it is shown that the energy level of the highest occupied electronic state can serve as a descriptor to guide the search for the optimal catalyst acting as a hydrogen acceptor. These results support the bifunctional mechanism as a means to break the linear scaling relationship and to further reduce the overpotential of the OER.
Analysis of QED and non-adiabaticity effects on the rovibrational spectrum of H3+ using geometry-dependent effective nuclear masses
Authors: Jaquet Ralph , Lesiuk Michal
Published: March 2020

The influence of QED effects (including one- and two-electron Lamb-shift, Araki–Sucher term, one-loop self-energy, and finite nuclear size correction) together with non-adiabatic effects on the rovibrational bound states of H3+ has been investigated. Non-adiabaticity is modeled by using geometry-dependent effective nuclear masses together with only one single potential energy surface. In conclusion, for rovibrational states below 20 000 cm−1, QED and relativistic effects do nearly compensate, and a potential energy surface based on Born–Oppenheimer energies and diagonal adiabatic corrections has nearly the same quality as the one including relativity with QED; the deviations between the two approaches for individual rovibrational states are mostly below 0.02 cm−1. The inclusion of non-adiabatic effects is important, and it reduces deviations from experiments mostly below 0.1 cm−1.
Intermolecular dissociation energies of 1-naphthol complexes with large dispersion-energy donors: Decalins and adamantane
Authors: Knochenmuss Richard , Sinha Rajeev K. , Balmer Franziska A. , Ottiger Philipp , Leutwyler Samuel
Published: March 2020

The ground-state intermolecular dissociation energies D0(S0) of supersonic-jet cooled intermolecular complexes of 1-naphthol (1NpOH) with the bi- and tricycloalkanes trans-decalin, cis-decalin, and adamantane were measured using the stimulated-emission-pumping/resonant two-photon ionization (SEP-R2PI) method. Using UV/UV holeburning, we identified two isomers (A and B) of the adamantane and trans-decalin complexes and four isomers (A–D) of the cis-decalin complex. For 1NpOH·adamantane A and B, the D0(S0) values are 21.6 ± 0.15 kJ/mol and 21.2 ± 0.32 kJ/mol, those of 1NpOH·trans-decalin A and B are 28.7 ± 0.3 kJ/mol and 28.1 ± 0.9 kJ/mol, and those of 1NpOH·cis-decalin A and B are 28.9 ± 0.15 kJ/mol and 28.7 ± 0.3 kJ/mol. Upon S0 → S1 electronic excitation of the 1NpOH moiety, the dissociation energies of adamantane, trans-decalin, and the cis-decalin isomer C change by <1% and those of cis-decalin isomers A, B, and D increase only slightly (1%–3%). This implies that the hydrocarbons are dispersively adsorbed to a naphthalene “face.” Calculations using the dispersion-corrected density functional theory methods B97-D3 and B3LYP-D3 indeed predict that the stable structures have face geometries. The B97-D3 calculated D0(S0) values are within 1 kJ/mol of the experiment, while B3LYP-D3 predicts D0 values that are 1.4–3.3 kJ/mol larger. Although adamantane has been recommended as a “dispersion-energy donor,” the binding energies of the trans- and cis-decalin adducts to 1NpOH are 30% larger than that of adamantane. In fact, the D0 value of 1NpOH·adamantane is close to that of 1NpOH·cyclohexane, reflecting the nearly identical contact layer between the two molecules.
Vortex-dynamical implications of nonmonotonic viscous dissipation of off-center droplet bouncing
Authors: He Chengming , Xia Xi , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2020

In this paper, vortex-dynamical perspectives were adopted to interpret the recently reported observation that the total viscous dissipation of off-center droplet bouncing varies nonmonotonically with the impact parameter [C. He, X. Xia, and P. Zhang, “Non-monotonic viscous dissipation of bouncing droplets undergoing off-center collision,” Phys. Fluids 31, 052004 (2019)]. The particular interest of this study is on analyzing the velocity and vorticity vector fields and their correlations, such as helicity and enstrophy. The helicity analysis identifies a strong interaction between the “ring-shaped” vortices and the “line-shaped” shear layers in the non-axisymmetric droplet internal flow. A general relation between the total enstrophy and the total viscous dissipation rate for an unsteady free-surface flow was theoretically derived and numerically verified. It shows that the equality between the total enstrophy and the total viscous dissipation rate holds for a single-phase flow confined by stationary boundaries but is not satisfied for a gas–liquid two-phase flow due to the interfacial movement. Both the total enstrophy and a defined “half-domain” helicity show the nonmonotonic variation with the impact parameter, implying their interrelation with the nonmonotonic viscous dissipation.
Vulnerability and resistance in the spatial heterogeneity of soil microbial communities under resource additions
Authors: Gravuer Kelly , Eskelinen Anu , Winbourne Joy B. , Harrison Susan P.
Published: March 2020

Spatial heterogeneity in composition and function enables ecosystems to supply diverse services. For soil microbes and the ecosystem functions they catalyze, whether such heterogeneity can be maintained in the face of altered resource inputs is uncertain. In a 50-ha northern California grassland with a mosaic of plant communities generated by different soil types, we tested how spatial variability in microbial composition and function changed in response to nutrient and water addition. Fungal composition lost some of its spatial variability in response to nutrient addition, driven by decreases in mutualistic fungi and increases in antagonistic fungi that were strongest on the least fertile soils, where mutualists were initially most frequent and antagonists initially least frequent. Bacterial and archaeal community composition showed little change in their spatial variability with resource addition. Microbial functions related to nitrogen cycling showed increased spatial variability under nutrient, and sometimes water, additions, driven in part by accelerated nitrification on the initially more-fertile soils. Under anthropogenic changes such as eutrophication and altered rainfall, these findings illustrate the potential for significant changes in ecosystem-level spatial heterogeneity of microbial functions and communities.
Social dimensions of fertility behavior and consumption patterns in the Anthropocene
Authors: Barrett Scott , Dasgupta Aisha , Dasgupta Partha , Adger W. Neil , Anderies John , van den Bergh Jeroen , Bledsoe Caroline , Bongaarts John , Carpenter Stephen , Chapin F. Stuart , Crépin Anne-Sophie , Daily Gretchen , Ehrlich Paul , Folke Carl , Kautsky Nils , Lambin Eric F. , Levin Simon A. , Mäler Karl-Göran , Naylor Rosamond , Nyborg Karine , Polasky Stephen , Scheffer Marten , Shogren Jason , Jørgensen Peter Søgaard , Walker Brian , Wilen James
Published: March 2020

We consider two aspects of the human enterprise that profoundly affect the global environment: population and consumption. We show that fertility and consumption behavior harbor a class of externalities that have not been much noted in the literature. Both are driven in part by attitudes and preferences that are not egoistic but socially embedded; that is, each household’s decisions are influenced by the decisions made by others. In a famous paper, Garrett Hardin [G. Hardin,Science162, 1243–1248 (1968)] drew attention to overpopulation and concluded that the solution lay in people “abandoning the freedom to breed.” That human attitudes and practices are socially embedded suggests that it is possible for people to reduce their fertility rates and consumption demands without experiencing a loss in wellbeing. We focus on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa and consumption in the rich world and argue that bottom-up social mechanisms rather than top-down government interventions are better placed to bring about those ecologically desirable changes.
Th17 lymphocytes drive vascular and neuronal deficits in a mouse model of postinfectious autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Platt Maryann P. , Bolding Kevin A. , Wayne Charlotte R. , Chaudhry Sarah , Cutforth Tyler , Franks Kevin M. , Agalliu Dritan
Published: March 2020

Significance

Antibodies against neuronal receptors and synaptic proteins are associated with a group of ill-defined central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases named autoimmune encephalitides (AE), characterized by an abrupt onset of seizures and movement and psychiatric deficits. How these antibodies enter the brain to trigger neuroinflammation, and how they affect the function of neural circuits, remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Th17 lymphocytes are critical for entry of autoantibodies into the CNS, persistent microglia activation, and neurophysiological deficits in odor processing, in a mouse model of postinfectious autoimmune encephalitis triggered by multiple infections with group AStreptococcus. Our findings emphasize the critical role that Th17 lymphocytes play in disease pathogenesis to impair CNS function in AE syndromes.
CD29 identifies IFN-γ–producing human CD8+T cells with an increased cytotoxic potential
Authors: Nicolet Benoît P. , Guislain Aurélie , van Alphen Floris P. J. , Gomez-Eerland Raquel , Schumacher Ton N. M. , van den Biggelaar Maartje , Wolkers Monika C.
Published: March 2020

Cytotoxic CD8+T cells can effectively kill target cells by producing cytokines, chemokines, and granzymes. Expression of these effector molecules is however highly divergent, and tools that identify and preselect CD8+T cells with a cytotoxic expression profile are lacking. Human CD8+T cells can be divided into IFN-γ– and IL-2–producing cells. Unbiased transcriptomics and proteomics analysis on cytokine-producing fixed CD8+T cells revealed that IL-2+cells produce helper cytokines, and that IFN-γ+cells produce cytotoxic molecules. IFN-γ+T cells expressed the surface marker CD29 already prior to stimulation. CD29 also marked T cells with cytotoxic gene expression from different tissues in single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Notably, CD29+T cells maintained the cytotoxic phenotype during cell culture, suggesting a stable phenotype. Preselecting CD29-expressing MART1 TCR-engineered T cells potentiated the killing of target cells. We therefore propose that CD29 expression can help evaluate and select for potent therapeutic T cell products.
Unraveling the complexity of amyloid polymorphism using gold nanoparticles and cryo-EM
Authors: Cendrowska Urszula , Silva Paulo Jacob , Ait-Bouziad Nadine , Müller Marie , Guven Zekiye Pelin , Vieweg Sophie , Chiki Anass , Radamaker Lynn , Kumar Senthil T. , Fändrich Marcus , Tavanti Francesco , Menziani Maria Cristina , Alexander-Katz Alfredo , Stellacci Francesco , Lashuel Hilal A.
Published: March 2020

Significance

The ability of proteins to self-assemble into different types of fibrils with distinct morphologies has been linked to the pathological and clinical heterogeneity of amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Here, we describe nanoparticles (NPs) that efficiently label amyloid fibrils produced in vitro or isolated from postmortem tissues, under hydrating conditions and in such a way as to unmask their polymorphism and morphological features. Using these NPs, we show that pathological aggregates exhibit exceptional morphological homogeneity compared with amyloid fibrils produced in vitro, consistent with the emerging view that the physiologic milieu is a key determinant of amyloid fibril strains. These advances pave the way for elucidating the structural basis of amyloid strains and toxicity.
The
Arabidopsis
SAFEGUARD1 suppresses singlet oxygen-induced stress responses by protecting grana margins
Authors: Wang Liangsheng , Leister Dario , Guan Li , Zheng Yi , Schneider Katja , Lehmann Martin , Apel Klaus , Kleine Tatjana
Published: March 2020

Singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
), the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in chloroplasts, has been demonstrated recently to be a highly versatile signal that induces various stress responses. In the
fluorescent
(
flu
) mutant, its release causes seedling lethality and inhibits mature plant growth. However, these drastic phenotypes are suppressed when EXECUTER1 (EX1) is absent in the
flu ex1
double mutant. We identified SAFEGUARD1 (SAFE1) in a screen of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized
flu ex1
plants for suppressor mutants with a
flu
-like phenotype. In
flu ex1 safe1
, all
1
O
2
-induced responses, including transcriptional rewiring of nuclear gene expression, return to levels, such as, or even higher than, those in
flu
. Without SAFE1, grana margins (GMs) of chloroplast thylakoids (Thys) are specifically damaged upon
1
O
2
generation and associate with plastoglobules (PGs). SAFE1 is localized in the chloroplast stroma, and release of
1
O
2
induces SAFE1 degradation via chloroplast-originated vesicles. Our paper demonstrates that
flu
-produced
1
O
2
triggers an EX1-independent signaling pathway and proves that SAFE1 suppresses this signaling pathway by protecting GMs.
Anomalous hydrogen dynamics of the ice VII–VIII transition revealed by high-pressure neutron diffraction
Authors: Komatsu Kazuki , Klotz Stefan , Machida Shinichi , Sano-Furukawa Asami , Hattori Takanori , Kagi Hiroyuki
Published: March 2020

Above 2 GPa the phase diagram of water simplifies considerably and exhibits only two solid phases up to 60 GPa, ice VII and ice VIII. The two phases are related to each other by hydrogen ordering, with the oxygen sublattice being essentially the same. Here we present neutron diffraction data to 15 GPa which reveal that the rate of hydrogen ordering at the ice VII–VIII transition decreases strongly with pressure to reach timescales of minutes at 10 GPa. Surprisingly, the ordering process becomes more rapid again upon further compression. We show that such an unusual change in transition rate can be explained by a slowing down of the rotational dynamics of water molecules with a simultaneous increase of translational motion of hydrogen under pressure, as previously suspected. The observed cross-over in the hydrogen dynamics in ice is likely the origin of various hitherto unexplained anomalies of ice VII in the 10–15 GPa range reported by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and proton conductivity.
Stochastic activation and bistability in a Rab GTPase regulatory network
Authors: Bezeljak Urban , Loya Hrushikesh , Kaczmarek Beata , Saunders Timothy E. , Loose Martin
Published: March 2020

The eukaryotic endomembrane system is controlled by small GTPases of the Rab family, which are activated at defined times and locations in a switch-like manner. While this switch is well understood for an individual protein, how regulatory networks produce intracellular activity patterns is currently not known. Here, we combine in vitro reconstitution experiments with computational modeling to study a minimal Rab5 activation network. We find that the molecular interactions in this system give rise to a positive feedback and bistable collective switching of Rab5. Furthermore, we find that switching near the critical point is intrinsically stochastic and provide evidence that controlling the inactive population of Rab5 on the membrane can shape the network response. Notably, we demonstrate that collective switching can spread on the membrane surface as a traveling wave of Rab5 activation. Together, our findings reveal how biochemical signaling networks control vesicle trafficking pathways and how their nonequilibrium properties define the spatiotemporal organization of the cell.
Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells
Authors: Matsuyama Shutoku , Nao Naganori , Shirato Kazuya , Kawase Miyuki , Saito Shinji , Takayama Ikuyo , Nagata Noriyo , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Katoh Hiroshi , Kato Fumihiro , Sakata Masafumi , Tahara Maino , Kutsuna Satoshi , Ohmagari Norio , Kuroda Makoto , Suzuki Tadaki , Kageyama Tsutomu , Takeda Makoto
Published: March 2020

A novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused a large respiratory outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is currently spreading across many countries globally. Here, we show that a TMPRSS2-expressing VeroE6 cell line is highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, making it useful for isolating and propagating SARS-CoV-2. Our results reveal that, in common with SARS- and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 infection is enhanced by TMPRSS2.
From semantics to grammar
Authors: Garachana Camarero Mar , Hernández Díaz Axel
Published: March 2020

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the rise of the
Spanish verbal periphrases tener de/que + inf and
investigate the relevance of analogy and lexical semantics for these
changes. We demonstrate that the constructions haber de/que
+ inf acted as supporting constructions motivating
the rise of the synonymous pair tener de/que + inf
(De Smet & Fischer 2017).
The analogical process between the two constructions was due to the synonymy
between the lexical verbs haber and tener
expressing possessive meanings.
Challenges of CAR- and TCR-T cell–based therapy for chronic infections
Authors: Bertoletti Antonio , Tan Anthony Tanoto
Published: March 2020

While therapy with T cells engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or a classical T cell receptor (TCR) is revolutionizing cancer treatment, its adoption in infectious diseases has been met with considerable resistance. Can we find its value for the cure of infections?
Effective pair potential for random fcc CoCrFeMnNi alloys
Authors: Gröger R , Vitek V , Dlouhý A
Published: March 2020

The single-phase equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi alloy is a random solid solution of five elements on the face-centered cubic lattice, whose pure constituents crystallize in very different structures and exhibit diverse magnetic properties. Due to the randomness of the alloy, 80% of nearest neighbor bonds are between unlike elements and thus the details of bonding in pure structures are less important. The elastic moduli of this alloy give rise to small Cauchy pressure C
12 − C
44, which suggests that the dominant part of bonding may be described by a simple pair potential. We test this hypothesis by developing a long-range Lennard-Jones potential in which the equilibrium crystal structures of pure constituents are taken as reference. The standard mixing rules for regular solutions are then adopted to obtain parameters for bonds between unlike elements in the quinary system. The transferability of this potential to quaternary CoCrFeNi, ternary CoCrNi, and binary FeNi alloys is investigated and the predictions compared with experiments and density functional theory calculations. By sampling over a large number of random configurations, we investigate the effect of compositional randomness on misfit volumes, energies of point defects and stacking faults, and the dislocation friction stresses experienced by moving edge and screw dislocations.
Effect of Ti on microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast Al-Mg-Zn-Si alloy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yan Feng , Zhao Yu-hong , Song Chun-li , Hou Hua
Published: March 2020

The Al-11.0Mg-2.6Si-4.0Zn-0.6Mn (wt%) alloy is a new developed high strength die cast alloy which can be used for structural parts in the automotive and aerospace industry. In this study, the effect of various amount of Ti on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al-11.0Mg-2.6Si-4.0Zn-0.6Mn (wt%) alloy under as-cast and T6 heat treatment conditions are investigated. The addition of Ti results in the formation of Al3Ti intermetallic phase, and the volume fraction and forming temperature increases with the increase of titanium content. With 0.1wt% Ti addition, the best mechanical properties of the alloy. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation reach up to 350 MPa, 440 MPa and 3.29% respectively after heat treatment. Titanium content should be controlled below 0.10%.
The comparison of gas tungsten arc welding and flux cored arc welding effects on dual phase steel
Authors: Abbas Mahmoud , Hamdy Ahmed Sayed , Ahmed Essam
Published: March 2020

This work aims to investigate the effects of two welding techniques (gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) with filler metal ER70S-3 and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) with filler metal E71T1C) on the microstructure and mechanical properties (including softening due to the conversion of martensite into tempered martensite) of DP steels with different martensite volume fractions ranging from 9 to 20%. Microstructure features and the constituents of base metals and heat affected zones of all weldments were examined and analyzed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope integrated with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Hardness, tensile, and v-notch impact toughness measurements were also carried out. Visual and radiographic inspection showed that both the FCAW and GTAW techniques produced sound weldments. However, DP steel weldments exhibited softening effects, which led to a decrease in joint efficiency. This decrease were related to transformation of the original martensite into tempered martensite. The results also revealed that the DP steel joints efficiencies are ranged from 85.9 to 87.7% using the FCAW process and ranged from 83.3 to 86% using the GTAW process. The impact toughness of the samples welded by FCAW is higher than the impact toughness of those welded by GTAW due to a higher percentage of acicular ferrite. This information should be valuable in the automotive and other industries, where DP steels are valued for their combination of high strength and ductility, which leads to weight savings and thus to reduced fuel consumption.
The dependence of the strain path on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of cryogenic rolled Al-Cu alloy
Authors: Selvan C Chinthanai , Narayanan C Sathiya , Ravisankar B , Narayanasamy R , Valliammai C Thillaiyadi
Published: March 2020

An investigation was conducted on Al-4%Cu alloy sheets to study the role of deformation path on the strength properties, evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture during cryogenic rolling. Samples were rolled to two distinct thickness strains (50% and 75%) by unidirectional and cross rolling (bidirectional) routes. The strength and hardness properties were found to be more efficient in the cross rolled samples at 50% reduction than their counterparts rolled unidirectionally. Dynamic recovery was observed at higher rolling reductions on cross rolling. Microscopic features observed by EBSD revealed the occurrence of significant grain refinement on the samples rolled with a change of strain path. Also, the alteration of the rolling route resulted in distinct deformation textures and microstructures. TEM studies pointed out the scattered diffusion of the disintegrated dislocation cores and the redistribution of the second phase particles on higher rolling reductions with the change of strain path. Furthermore, the texture results showed a threefold increase on the Goss/Brass ratio which indicated the good fracture toughness behaviour of the cross rolled samples at lower reductions.
Convection and diffusion assisted reactive coupling at incompatible semi-crystalline polymer interfaces
Authors: Barraud T , Devisme S , Hervet H , Brunello D , Klein V , Poulard C , Restagno F , Léger L
Published: March 2020

Based on a specifically designed stretching apparatus, we study the incidence of the stretching parameters on the formation of polypropylene-polyamide-6 (PP-PA6) copolymers acting as adhesion promoters in PP/PA6 multilayer films. The stretching apparatus mimics the stretching conditions found in the air gap of a co-extrusion machine in terms of stretching velocities and distances and of cooling rates. We propose a simplified numerical modeling of these experiments. It allows to explore how the various molecular (concentration in reactive species, diffusion coefficient) and stretching parameters affect the time evolution of the copolymer surface density during stretching. More precisely, we show that even though the contact time for the reaction is large regarding the reaction time, a dilation of the surface can result in a strong lowering of the grafting density at the interface.
Enacting the Locus of Enunciation as a Resistant Tactic to Confront Epistemological Racism and Decolonize Scholarly Knowledge
Authors: Sugiharto Setiono
Published: March 2020

This forum article is an attempt to engage in a recent exchange between Figueiredo and Martinez and Kubota whose articles were published in this journal. Bearing out the tenets of the latter author’s claims regarding how to confront the dominance of white Euro-American hegemonic knowledge, Figueiredo and Martinez proposed an additional insightful way of challenging the dominance of this knowledge, namely by unmasking and exposing one’s own loci of enunciation. I take up the notion of the locus of enunciation further by not just simply conceiving it as a way, but rather as a resistant tactic. Construed in the latter sense, the article argues that scholars from the Global South do not passively and uncritically accept Eurocentric epistemologies as the sole universal and legitimate knowledge. Instead, they are capable of not only negotiating and appropriating the established knowledge, but also performing their agentive capacity from their specific geo-political and body-political positionalities to resist the dominion of Eurocentric epistemological practices, as well as to elevate and legitimate their own ecology of knowledges.