bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BOSNIAK CULTURAL HERITAGE: CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL KNOCKERS AND GATES
Authors:   Faculty of arts and sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Ziya Sümbüllü Yusuf , Botalić Melinda ,   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla
Published: September 2021

Culture, molding the attitude of one, creates social order and ensures social identity of the belonging community. When it comes to Bosnian, ore more precisely Bosniak culture, it is of high importance to discuss traditional gates, which represent one of the most significant creations that vividly paint the culture of Bosniaks - of of three constitutive nations or ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
BIOETHICS AND HUMAN CLONING
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, Kaluđerović Željko , Antonić Sonja ,   Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad
Published: September 2021

In this paper the authors analyze the process of negotiating and beginning of the United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning as well as the paragraphs of the very Declaration. The negotiation was originally conceived as a clear bioethical debate that should have led to a general agreement to ban human cloning.
Lenin and empiriocritics about matter. Is the discussion over?
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Antonov Alexey V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: September 2021

The problem of matter in philosophy has become relevant again. Nowadays, it does not resemble the crisis of the early XX century when a so-called “dissolution” of the matter in mathematical formulae was discussed. However, the emergence of term “dark matter” in physics, which is not clear how it differs from the well-known “light matter”, is obscure and raises the question of the “matter doubling”. This makes one remember that the current definition of matter in philosophy was developed as a result of a discussion concerning the ways of its existence between Vladimir Lenin and empiriocritics. Thus, all modern attempts to define matter cannot exist without a new view on the old discussion presented in the book “Materialism and Empirio-Criticism” by Lenin. The author of the article pays attention to the fact that during the discussion of “the main question of philosophy” a century ago, concerning the attitude of matter towards consciousness, it was considered by Lenin only in two aspects, specifically, ontological and gnoseological. At the same time, the principle of the identity of dialectics, logic and theory of knowledge proposed by him demands consideration of the arguments adduced in the discussion as well as the logical aspect. According to the author, the consecutive consideration of the main question of philosophy by means of logic, should result in a correction of Lenin’s definition of matter.
The first Russian textbook on logic: Historical, logical, and textual analysis
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tonoyan Larisa G. , Semikolennykh Maria V. ,   Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to one of the first Russian textbooks on logic written by Makariy Petrovich (1733–1765), a professor of the Moscow Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. The analysis of this work demonstrates that it was not a simple translation of some Latin textbook (such translations were published later, after the foundation of the Moscow University). The textbook is a result of Makariy’s (and his predecessors) years of teaching logic in Russian religious schools. It is, to some extent, an original work. The article explores the peculiarities of Makariy’s rendition of logic. For example, the chapters on syllogistics illustrate that Makariy was somewhat innovative: he replaced Latin names for the modes of the categorical syllogism with made-up Cyrillic words (while keeping to the rules defining the choice of Latin letters). It seems that he strived to make logic more practical and as a result, wrote the textbook entirely in Cyrillic. The article considers the historical context of Makariy’s work and its place in the history of logic. The authors make several assumptions as to why Mikhil Lomonosov did not publish the first Russian textbook on logic and also why Makariy’s book was not printed. The authors’ comparative study of XVIII century textbooks on logic makes it possible to specify some probable sources for “Logic”, both Latin and Greek. In addition, Makariy’s approach to the translation of logical terms (some of them he translated into Russian while others were transliterated) is considered. After thorough examination of all three surviving manuscripts of Makariy’s “Logic”, the authors conclude that this textbook is worthy of proper publication.
Concept of space of places in social sciences
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Boronoev Аsаlhаn O. , Thakahov Valeriy Kh. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2021

The article examines the concept of space of places — a theoretical framework in social sciences and the humanities for analyzing phenomenon of places and social practices used to produce and reproduce it. The purpose of the presented research consists of the following: 1) to reveal the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the construction of the concept of space of places; 2) present an interdisciplinary concept for describing and explaining the social foundations of the space of places; 3) describe the significant social practices of the reproduction of the space of places and socio-cultural integration. The article shows that key approaches to studying space of places are represented by quite different research perspectives such as neo-Marxism (H.Lefebvre, M.Castells), phenomenology (A. Schutz, G.Bachelard), P.Nora’s theory of places of memory and A.Assman’s theory of cultural memory and identity, M.Augé’s anthropology of non-places and humanist geography (Y.-F.Tuan, Ed. Relph, T.Cresswell, D. Seamon). The article discusses the social, intellectual, ontological and epistemological bases of the concept of space of places. In a narrow sense, the unifying thesis of the research strategies is centered around the assumption of the corpus of ideas built upon the assertion that place matters. Broadly defined, the space of places is one of the fundamental foundations of the living world of individuals and groups. Space of places includes the world of everyday life (the perceived) and the world of symbolic life (the experienced). These living worlds comprise spatial practice and spaces of representation (following Henri Lefebvre’s logic). Abstract space, a prevailing form of the era of neo-liberal capitalism, opposes them and imposes its own models and production / consumption logics. Hence, a value-based contradiction between two kinds of space arises. Space of places is a historically grounded way of organizing our common experience. It is a world of meanings and cultural codes united by history and identity (following the logic of Manuel Castells). The article analyzes in detail the phenomenological tradition of place; the relationship between place, memory and identity; the theoretical contribution of humanist geography to the concept of space of places.
Salience neural network: another tribute to fashion or the key to all doors?
Authors: Dubatova Irina Vladimirovna , Antsyborov Andrey Viktorovich
Published: September 2021

This review presents an analysis of the literature on studies of the salience neural network, the dynamics of neural network formation during ontogenesis of the brain, and salience dysregulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The role of dopaminergic imbalance in the formation of aberrant salience in schizophrenia is considered. Particular attention is paid to the studies of the significance of motivational salience and reward system in the pathogenesis of addictive disorders.
The interpretative phenomenon of the artistic text: agonyms
Authors: Didenko Alla Borisovna
Published: September 2021

The article examines the phenomenon of the interpretation of a literary text, taking into account the proper linguistic and linguodidactic aspects. This problem area acquires special significance at the stage of the formation of a linguistic personality and its linguocultural identification. This is largely because the ability to interpret the text ensures the development of at least the cognitive base and the centre of the cultural space in a particular linguoculture. The article clarifies the status of agnonyms as a class of units and the specifics of their functioning in a literary text, offering a comprehensive classification of units of this class.
The hydraulic heritage of the gallery system of Zucaña (Almansa-SE España) and its geological and hydrogeological conditions
Authors: Ballesteros Navarro Bruno J. , Antequera Fernández Miguel , González Ramón Antonio , Martos Rosillo Sergio
Published: September 2021

The draining galleries, or “qanats” according to their most international meaning, are unique elements of water collection due to their technical conception, their architecture and, especially, for their archaeological value, since they are one of the oldest water resource exploitation techniques with an origin that goes back to the dawn of the Mesopotamian civilization. Although with a later implantation, these types of captures are very numerous in Spain where they are widely used in the arid and semi-arid zones. In addition to the above mentioned values, there are other aspects of undeniable significance and importance related to them, such as the origin of their water resources and the geological and hydro-geological conditions to which they are subject. With this multi-disciplinary approach, both subjects are addressed in this article for the so-called Water Mine of Zucaña located in southeastern Spain. It is a medieval mine of Arabic origin composed of multiple ramifications that drain 10 underground springs with a joint flow of between 18 and 25 l/s, integrated by as many galleries with a total length of 1,625 m and about thirty luminaries. This device constitutes the main drainage point of the Zucaña aquifer, an independent system and overlying other hydro-geological structures in the area. In successive sections, in addition to describing the constructive and historical aspects of the mine, the geological characteristics, hydrodynamic functioning and hydric balance of the aquifer to which it drains are analyzed, as well as the hydro-chemical properties of its waters, the main aspects to establish the criteria that will allow the safeguard and protection of its water resources.
The contributions of hydrogeoarchaeology to the study of the urban water supplies to the old Roman Arunda from the Llanos de la Arena springs (Serranía de Ronda, province of Málaga)
Authors: Martín Montañés Crisanto , Castaño Aguilar José Manuel , López Sáez José Antonio , Collados Lara Antonio
Published: September 2021

The settlement of Arunda, now known as Ronda (Malaga) was located in the neighbourhood of La Ciudad, upon an Iberian oppidum. In the 1990s, some Roman levels were discovered with part of the potable water distribution system using pressure. This finding corroborated the Roman origins of the Fuente de la Arena aqueduct that brought water from the Llanos de la Arena springs, 6 km away, at the foot of the Sierra de Jarastepar.
Jarastepar carbonate outcrops make up an aquifer with an area of 25 km2 whose recharge is produced exclusively by infiltration of precipitation (8.9 hm3/year). The Llanos de la Arena springs drain a sector of this aquifer with average resources of 1.6 hm3/year.
The aqueduct was built not before the end of the 1st century AD and, was more probably constructed in the following century, coinciding with an extremely arid period in the south of the Iberian Peninsula (ca. 150 BC-150 AD). The elements identified are: the caput aquae, the brick specus with a ceramic pipe, an aerial section of more than 200 m and the well-known Predicatorio Tower (the beginning of a siphon to the other elevated end of the city). The aqueduct of the Fuente de la Arena is a relevant infrastructure that captured enough water resources to guarantee thesupply to Arunda, even when unfavourable weather conditions occurred. This suggests that the activities that were taking place in the city were much more than a mere settlement.
The “qanats” of the Los Alcores aquifer and the traditional water supply system to Seville
Authors: Moral Martos Francisco
Published: September 2021

Due to the quality and the topographic position of its waters, the Los Alcores aquifer has been the main supply of running and drinking water for the city of Seville for many centuries. In the first century, a complex water supply system, of more than 17 km in length, was built to withdraw groundwaters in the southern part of the aquifer and whose main elements were an extensive network of “qanats”, a surface conduction and a reservoir in the city (castellum aquae). After the abandonment of this infrastructure, the surface conduction was reconstructed in the 12th century (known as Caños de Carmona), which was made up of a canal and, in the part closest to the city, by a brick aqueduct over arches. Since the end of the 19th century, the urban, industrial and the transport network development and the conduction of water from the reservoirs of the Sierra Morena produced, once again, the progressive abandonment and destruction of these infrastructures. However, a large part of the “qanat” network excavated in the Los Alcores aquifer has been preserved and recently the GEOS and AAES speleological groups have explored about 20 km of water mines. The characteristics of tunnels and vertical shafts, the construction techniques, the discovery of Roman mortar (opus signinum) and bricks (opus testaceum) and the Arab chronicles suggest that this network of “qanats” was made mainly during the Roman domination period.
The concept of representative elementary length (REL) as an effective tool to study scale effects in rock engineering problems
Authors: Elmo Davide , Stead Doug
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a discrete fracture network approach (DFN) is used to study scale effects on rock quality designation (RQD) measurements. RQD is a parameter that describes rock mass quality and represents a fundamental component of several rock mass classification systems. The results demonstrate that it is possible to define a representative elementary length (REL), above which RQD measurements represent an average indicator of rock mass quality. However, the directional bias of RQD measurements is such that the choice of REL is itself a function of the orientation of the sampling line used to estimate RQD. By considering multiple sampling directions, this paper introduces the concept of a REL Ellipsoid, whereby the normalized value of the REL along three sampling directions indicates the degree of homogeneity and isotropy of the rock mass with increase in problem scale. In the authors’ opinion, the REL Ellipsoid concept allows to better capture the nature of the 3D representative elementary volume (REV) for both isotropic and anisotropic rock masses Mapping data from a room-and-pillar mine are used in the initial validation of the proposed REL Ellipsoid concept.
Geohazards in Iberoamerica. The role of the Iberoamerican Geological Surveys and Mining Surveys (ASGMI)
Authors: Mateos Rosa María , Arcedo y Cabrilla Francisco Armando , Vílchez Mata Manuel , Dutra dos Santos Thiago , Silva Ribeiro Rafael , Mansini Maria Adelaide , Dias Rubén , Machado Susana , Carranco Fausto , León Johanna , Ruiz Peña Gloria Lucía , López Cristian , Arcila Mónica , Tejedo Alejandra , Alfaro Alejandro , Sánchez Josiela , Claros Héctor
Published: September 2021

The geological context determines that Iberoamerica is one of the territories of the world most exposed to disasters derived from active geological processes. As far as the main geohazards which threaten the Iberoamerican countries are concerned, floods and flash floods cause the greatest damage, followed by earthquakes, mass movements and volcanic eruptions. The Group of Experts in Geohazards from the Association of Iberoamerican Geological and Mining Services (ASGMI) has developed an enquiry-based and participatory analysis approach to firstly compile the most damaging events registered during the past ten years and their socio-economic impact. Ten member countries have reported dramatic cases during the last decade, with thousands of fatalities (>11,000 deaths) and severe damage valued up to US$50 billion. However, there is a lack of official data on the socio-economic damage generated by geohazards in many countries. This questionnaire also tries to identify the strengths and weaknesses of ASGMI to generate useful knowledge in decision-making for the different stages of risk management and territorial planning. Most geological services have thematic mapping plans on the different geohazards; however, a relevant deficiency detected in many countries is the lack of hazard and vulnerability at a detailed resolution for urban and territorial planning. Half of the geological services do not have any official competences in terms of vigilance, control and monitoring of the different geohazards; a fact that determines a smaller number of experts on the staff and less activity in this field. In general, Iberoamerican geological services should increase their efforts to develop outreach programs to strengthen geohazard awareness, educational and communication strategies to provide residents and policy-makers adapted information on the knowledge acquired, as well as favouring and facilitating free and open access to their data.
Quality aspects of the Doñana groundwater resources (SW-Spain) before the intensification of agriculture
Authors: David Romy , Kohfahl Claus , Rebollo Ana , Ruiz Fernando
Published: September 2021

This article presents the initial hydrochemical status of the Almonte-Marismas aquifer system in 1966 – before agricultural intensification. The investigated aquifer is of critical importance for the groundwater dependent Doñana wetland areas of the National and Natural park of Doñana (SW – Spain). The analytical database involves 158 samples collected in 1966 by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Geological Survey of Spain (IGME), including electrical conductivity, hardness, chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in groundwater that generate information about the initial hydrochemical state before the intensification of agricultural activity. These historical data existed as hardcopy lab reports and were introduced into a MS Access database. The parameters EC, Cl, SO4 and K of the year 1966 show a variety of spatial patterns before intensification and suggest five different types of influence: (i) natural lagoon systems, (ii) creeks or rivers, (iii) irrigated areas, (iv) urban areas, and (v) marshes. The results suggest that anthropogenic activities such as fertilizer use, domestic activities and wastewater in surface streams downstream of urban areas are responsible for elevated parameter values in most of the observation points, although their specific contributions cannot be determined based on the available data of 1966. In the marshes (north) area, apart from fertilizer use elevated geogenic salinity may also contribute to high parameter concentrations for intensive irrigated crop cultivation and proximity to the Guadalquivir River.
Survival Analysis Based on the Siddha Body Constitution of Asymptomatic
SARS-CoV-2 Patients Under Integrative Management of Hydroxychloroquine
(HCQ) and Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK): A Retrospective
Cross-sectional Case Series from Tirupati
Authors: Karunanithi Samraj , P Sreenivasa Rao , Nandhagopal K , D. Manoj Kumar , Vinod N.P. , Sathyarajeswaran P. , Kanakavalli K.
Published: September 2021

Background:

The present study analysed the impact of the integrated medical care of hydroxychloroquine
(HCQ) and Siddha herbal preparation KSK on asymptomatic COVID-19 patients
based on their body constitution.

Objective:

The present study aimed to analyse the duration of the hospital stay of asymptomatic
COVID-19 patients treated with the integrated medical care of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and herbal
decoction of Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK).

Design:

The study included a retrospective case series of 19 asymptomatic confirmed SARS-Cov-
-2 patients from District COVID Care Centre, Tirupati, India, between 23rd May to 7th June 2020.

Method:

Clinical data were collected using a standardised case report form containing demographic
information, length of hospital stays, and Siddha Yakkai Ilakkanam (body constitution) from the
records. The association between the length of hospital stay, age, gender, and Siddha YI for the confirmed
patients after admission was analysed by the Kaplan Meier survival analysis method.

Result:

Patients belonging to the Aiyam group stayed for at least nine days in the hospital, and
80% took ten or more days to cure the disease. About 71.4% took more than four days and three
days of hospital stay in the Azhal and Vali groups, respectively. It was observed that 75% of females
and 73.3% of males took nine days or more of hospital stay, respectively. The range of hospital
stay was between 2-15 days for patients aged between 19 – 40 years.

Conclusion:

The present study explored the significance of integrating Siddha medicine with Western
medicine in the management of SARS Cov-2 infection. An overall median of 9 days in the
length of stay and 8.5 days in the overall mean survival time was documented. The patients of the
present study on integrative treatment recovered about nine days earlier in comparison to the patients
studied in Vietnam and China.
Effect of casein-chitosan edible coating on the Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of broiler meat at storage 8°C
Authors: Apriliyani Mulia Winirsya , Manab Abdul , Puspitawati Rahayu Premy , Jannah Miftahul , Hidayah Puput Nurul , Firdiatila Fina Faleha
Published: September 2021

Microbial contamination and fat oxidation may cause physical and chemical changes that can reduce the quality of broiler meat. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of casein chitosan edible coatings in maintaining the quality of broiler meat stored in certain storage time under refrigeration (8 oC), in terms of water activity (Aw), cooking loss, organoleptic properties (i.e. color, aroma and possible deviations), physicochemical properties (i.e. moisture content, water holding capacity/WHC, pH, lipid content, color), Total Plate Count (TPC), and microbial properties (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp.). The materials used were broiler breast fillets and casein chitosan edible coating. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) based on 5 variations in storage time treatments i.e. at 0 h; 24 h; 72 h; 120 h; and 168 h in 4 replications. Edible coating casein chitosan on broiler meat under storage showed significant on Aw, WHC, pH, lightness, TPC, S. aureus, and E. coli. The application of casein-chitosan as an edible coating could be suitable to assure the safety of food products such as chicken meat at the range of storage time studied.
KARAKTERISTIK MIKROKAPSUL MINYAK EKSTRAK DARI KEPALA KAKAP MERAH PADA BEBERAPA RASIO BAHAN PENYALUT
Authors: Putri Desiana Nuriza , Wibowo Yessi Maulidhia Nugrahani , Harini Noor
Published: September 2021

Kepala ikan kakap merah merupakan limbah terbanyak yang dihasilkan dari industri fillet ikan kakap merah. Minyak ikan hasil ekstraksi dari limbah kepala ikan kakap merah mengandung asam lemak omega 3, omega 6 dan omega 9, namun bersifat kurang stabil dan mudah rusak akibat proses oksidasi. Stabilitas minyak ikan selama penyimpanan dapat ditingkatkan melalui proses mikroenkapsulasi dengan metode spray drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh proporsi bahan penyalut yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik mikrokapsul minyak ikan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan faktor perlakuan proporsi bahan penyalut yang terdiri dari 6 level. Analisis statistik pada data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan software SPSS 20 (α= 5%). Mikrokapsul dengan karakteristik terbaik dihasilkan dari perlakuan perbandingan antara bahan penyalut dekstrin dan gum arab 2:3, dengan rendemen 17,75%, kadar air 11,32% (bb), kadar lemak 15,65%, ukuran 1653,08 µm dan berwarna putih kekuningan. Selain itu, proses mikroenkapsulasi dengan bahan penyalut dekstrin dan gum arab (2:3) juga menunjukkan bahwa dapat mempertahankan kandungan asam lemak dengan jumlah omega 3 sebesar 14,17%, omega 6 sebesar 4,35% dan omega 9 sebesar 12,53%.
APLIKASI METODE OSMOSIS PADA PEMBUATAN SARI BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) DENGAN TAMBAHAN PEWARNA BUNGA MEXICAN PETUNIA (Ruellia simplex)
Authors: Tiara Eta Imeida , Murtini Erni Sofia
Published: September 2021

Belimbing wuluh dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi sari buah dengan metode ekstraksi osmosis. Namun, warna sari buah belimbing wuluh kurang menarik sehingga perlu ditambahkan pewarna alami yang berasal dari bunga Mexican petunia yang mengandung antosianin. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi buah : bunga dan lama osmosis untuk mendapatkan sari buah belimbing wuluh yang baik secara fisik, kimia dan organoleptik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial. Faktor I yaitu proporsi buah:bunga (25:1); (25:2); (25:3) dan faktor II yaitu lama osmosis (6, 12, dan 18 jam) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terbaik dilakukan menggunakan metode pembobotan (Zeleny). Perlakuan terbaik ada pada sari buah belimbing wuluh dengan proporsi buah : bunga (25:1) dan lama osmosis 12 jam dengan vitamin C 16,35 mg/ml; antioksidan 57,99 ppm; total gula 9,63%; nilai kecerahan (L*) 48,0 dan nilai kemerahan 14,6. Hasil organoleptik untuk perlakuan terbaik adalah kesukaan warna 2,85 (agak suka); kesukaan rasa 3,075 (agak suka); tingkat kesukaan aroma 2,83 (agak suka); dan tingkat kesukaan kenampakan 2,95 (agak suka)
Phase Equilibrium in ZrO2-CeO2-Eu2O3 System at a Temperature of 1500 °C
Authors:   Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems NAS, Kiev - UKRAINE, 3 Krzhizhanovsky str., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, Kornienko Oksana , Sameljuk Anatoliy ,   Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems NAS, Kiev - UKRAINE, 3 Krzhizhanovsky str., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, Andrievskaya Olena ,   Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems NAS, Kiev - UKRAINE, 3 Krzhizhanovsky str., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, Yushkevych Serhii ,   Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems NAS, Kiev - UKRAINE, 3 Krzhizhanovsky str., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, Bataev Yurii ,   Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems NAS, Kiev - UKRAINE, 3 Krzhizhanovsky str., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The phase equilibria and structural transformations in the ternary ZrO2-CeO2-Eu2O3 system at 1500 °C were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in the overall concentration range. The system was found to constitute fields of solid solutions based on the tetragonal (Т) modification of ZrО2, cubic (С) and monoclinic (B) modifications of Eu2O3, cubic with a fluorite-type structure (F) modifications of СеО2 (ZrО2), and ordered intermediate phase with a pyrochlore-type structure of Eu2Zr2O7 (Py). The refined lattice parameters of the unit cells corresponding to the solid solutions and microstructures of the definite field of compositions for the systems were determined. The peculiarity of the isothermal section of the phase diagram in the ZrO2-СеO2-Eu2O3 system at 1500 °С is the formation of phase equilibria on the basis of the fluorite solid solutions of ZrO2(CeO2) along with other components. There are at least three homogeneous fields of cubic phases. The isothermal section of the ZrO2-CeO2-Eu2O3 system at 1500 °С was constituted of four three-phase regions (C-Eu2O3 + F-CeO2+Py, C-Eu2O3 + F-ZrO2+Py, Py + F-ZrO2 + T-ZrO2, Py + F-CeO2 + T-ZrO2).
Digital Interventions to Promote Healthy Eating in Children: Umbrella Review
Authors: Prowse Rachel , Carsley Sarah
Published: September 2021

Background

eHealth and web-based service delivery have become increasingly common during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital interventions may be highly appealing to young people; however, their effectiveness compared with that of the usual face-to-face interventions is unknown. As nutrition interventions merge with the digital world, there is a need to determine the best practices for digital interventions for children.

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of digital nutrition interventions for children on dietary outcomes compared with status quo interventions (eg, conventional face-to-face programming or nondigital support).

Methods

We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews of studies assessing primary research on digital interventions aimed at improving food and nutrition outcomes for children aged <18 years compared with conventional nutrition education were eligible for inclusion.

Results

In total, 11 systematic reviews published since 2015 were included (7/11, 64%, were of moderate quality). Digital interventions ranged from internet, computer, or mobile interventions to websites, programs, apps, email, videos, CD-ROMs, games, telehealth, SMS text messages, and social media, or a combination thereof. The dose and duration of the interventions varied widely (single to multiple exposures; 1-60 minutes). Many studies have been informed by theory or used behavior change techniques (eg, feedback, goal-setting, and tailoring). The effect of digital nutrition interventions for children on dietary outcomes is small and inconsistent. Digital interventions seemed to be the most promising for improving fruit and vegetable intake compared with other nutrition outcomes; however, reviews have found mixed results.

Conclusions

Owing to the heterogeneity and duration of digital interventions, follow-up evaluations, comparison groups, and outcomes measured, the effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear. High-quality evidence with common definitions for digital intervention types evaluated with validated measures is needed to improve the state of evidence, to inform policy and program decisions for health promotion in children. Now is the time for critical, robust evaluation of the adopted digital interventions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to establish best practices for nutrition interventions for children.
Exploring Usability Issues of a Smartphone-Based Physician-to-Physician Teleconsultation App in an Orthopedic Clinic: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Choemprayong Songphan , Charoenlap Chris , Piromsopa Krerk
Published: September 2021

Background

Physician-to-physician teleconsultation has increasingly played an essential role in delivering optimum health care services, particularly in orthopedic practice. In this study, the usability of a smartphone app for teleconsultation among orthopedic specialists was investigated to explore issues informing further recommendations for improvement in the following iterations.

Objective

This study aimed to explore usability issues emerging from users’ interactions with MEDIC app, a smartphone-based patient-centered physician-to-physician teleconsultation system.

Methods

Five attending physicians in the Department of Orthopedics in a large medical school in Bangkok, Thailand, were recruited and asked to perform 5 evaluation tasks, namely, group formation, patient registration, clinical data capturing, case record form creation, and teleconsultation. In addition, one expert user was recruited as the control participant. Think aloud was adopted while performing the tasks. Semistructured interviews were conducted after each task and prior to the exit. Quantitative and qualitative measures were used to identify usability issues in 7 domains based on the People At the Centre of Mobile Application Development model: effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, learnability, memorability, error, and cognitive load.

Results

Several measures indicate various aspects of usability of the app, including completion rates, time to completion, number of clicks, number of screens, errors, incidents where participants were unable to perform tasks, which had previously been completed, and perceived task difficulty. Major and critical usability issues based on participant feedback were rooted from the limitation of screen size and resolution. Errors in data input (eg, typing errors, miscalculation), action failures, and misinterpretation of data (ie, radiography) were the most critical and common issues found in this study. A few participants did not complete the assigned tasks mostly owing to the navigation design and misreading/misunderstanding icons. However, the novice users were quite positive that they would be able to become familiar with the app in a short period of time.

Conclusions

The usability issues in physician-to-physician teleconsultation systems in smartphones, in general, are derived from the limitations of smartphones and their operating systems. Although some recommendations were devised to handle these usability issues, usability evaluation for additional development should still be further investigated.
Assessment of The Digestive System Malignancy Information in Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Luo Jianchen , Ma Jing , Xu Liangliang , Li Lian , Zhang Ming , Xu Mingqing
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The Internet has gradually become the most important way for people to search for information. Increasing number of people searched for relevant information or even treatment plans on the Internet when they get health problem. The reliability of the medical information provided online remains to be proved. Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia are the most widely used search engines in English and Chinese, respectively. The quality of the medical information they provide needs to be assessed.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the quality and timeliness of medical information related with digestive system malignancy retrieved from Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia. Comparison was made between the 2 encyclopedias. We conducted a 3-year follow-up to find out if the quality and timeliness of articles improved.

METHODS

We conducted a search based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision Version 2016 codes in Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia, and evaluated articles related to digestive system malignancy by using the DISCERN instrument. We calculated the update interval of the webpages to evaluate the update timeliness of these websites.

RESULTS

In 2017 and 2020, we searched out a total of 50 and 52 articles from Baidu Encyclopedia, with 2 articles increased and no article missed. 30 and 32 articles were found in Wikipedia, with 1 article increased and no article missed. According to the scores evaluated by DISCERN instrument. In both 2017 and 2020, Wikipedia scored higher than Baidu Encyclopedia in section1 and section2, and it's statistically significant. Wikipedia scored higher than Baidu Encyclopedia in Section3, but it's not statistically significant. The total score of Wikipedia was higher than Baidu Encyclopedia, and the difference was statistically significant. The update interval of Wikipedia is shorter than that of Baidu Encyclopedia, with better timeliness and statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

The quality and timeliness of digestive system malignancy relative articles on Wikipedia are better than those on Baidu Encyclopedia. Both Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia articles have improved in quality over the past three years. However, the treatment information obtained from the Internet still can’t guarantee its comprehensiveness or reliability. Patients should consult a medical professional directly.
Association Between the Characteristics of Small-molecule Kinase Inhibitors and Drug-induced Liver Injury: A Scoping Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dong Huiqun , You Jia , Zhao Yu , Zheng Danhua , Zhong Yi , Weng Zuquan , Luo Heng , Jiang Shan
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Preventing Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in advance is an important task to improve drug safety and protect patient health. It was reported that more than half of small-molecule kinase inhibitors (KIs) induced DILI clinically. Meanwhile, numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mitochondrial damage and the generation of DILI.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to focused on KIs to find factors related to DILI occurrence and study the binding potential between the whole class of drugs and mitochondrial proteins and further analysis of the key proteins in silico.

METHODS

1,223 drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were collected and analyzed, including 44 KIs. Fisher exact test was used to analyze DILI potential and risk of different factors. 187 human mitochondrial proteins were further collected and high-throughput molecular docking was performed between them and drugs in the data set.

RESULTS

Be The possibility of KIs to produce DILI is much higher than other types (odds ratio [OR] = 46.89, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 6.44 ~ 341.63, P = 9.28E-13). A few DILI risk factors were found, including molecular weight (MW) between 400 and 600, the defined daily dose (DDD) greater than or equal to 100mg/day, the octanol-water partition coefficient (LogP) greater than or equal to 3, and the degree of liver metabolism (LM) more than 50% (‘400 ≤ MW < 600 & LogP ≥ 3 & DDD ≥ 100 & LM ≥ 50%’). Drugs that met this combination of rules were found to have higher DILI risk than controls (OR = 8.28, 95% CI = 2.46 ~ 27.82, P = 4.82E-05, PPV [positive predictive value] = 88%) and were more likely to cause severe DILI (OR = 8.26, 95% CI = 2.25 ~ 30.26, P = 5.06E-04). The docking results showed that KIs had significant higher affinity with human mitochondrial proteins (P = 4.19E-11), which may be an implication for higher DILI potential.

CONCLUSIONS

KIs were found to have the highest odds ratio of causing DILI. Some characteristics of KIs were significantly related to the production of DILI. And the average docking scores of KIs drugs were found to be significant different from other classes. Further analysis identified the top binding mitochondrial proteins for KIs, which may help with the study of the mechanism of DILI.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Online Education for Chinese Elementary and Secondary School Students: Experiences and Challenges
Authors: Li Xiaobin
Published: September 2021

In addition to studying in schools where online learning has been increasing in recent years, many Chinese elementary and secondary school students participate in outside school online education programs, often urged by their parents so that their learning can be enhanced. Being descriptive, this is a literature review study. The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative of online education for Chinese students with regard to experiences and challenges in the last two years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data sources of this paper are mainly documents published by the Ministry of Education, but literature published by other organizations and individuals are also referred to. Four hundred and twenty-three million Chinese had received online education by the end of March 2020. For elementary and secondary students, increasing online education in schools and outside schools plays a positive role in reducing the dropout number and provides other substantive benefits. In addition, online education for students during the pandemic allowed children to continue their learning without being on campus, but their overall experiences were mixed, and there were serious challenges to be dealt with.
The Expansion of Penang under the East India Company
Authors: Ara Aniba Israt , Islam Arshad
Published: September 2021

This study highlights that the British had long experiences in the Malay Peninsula before Francis Light’s acquisition and development of Penang, due to the central role of Malayan ports such as Kedah, Takuapa, Langkasuka, Terengganu, Palembang, Siak, and Malacca in global trade between China and India. Under the influence of Islam, Malacca (and, to a lesser extent, Kedah) became a Muslim Sultanate and reached its peak in this trading network, which attracted European traders (and subsequent colonialism), initially from Portugal and Spain, and later France, the Netherlands, and Britain. After the East India Company attained hegemony in India, it was strongly placed to extend its power from its presidencies in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. The EIC’s main focus was Bengal, where the Company founded the Fort William College as its headquarters in Calcutta. As trade with China became more important, the Malay Peninsula commensurately became a more attractive destination for investment due to its closer proximity to the Chinese sea lanes, and closer access to the Indo-Malay hinterlands and their products. In 1784, the EIC sent Kinloch to Aceh but he was unsuccessful in negotiating to establish a factory there. Nevertheless, they succeeded in establishing a foothold in Malaya with Francis Light’s embassy to Riau, Kedah, and Penang. Kedah also became prosperous under the Muslim Sultanates. Many Chinese and Indian merchants were settled there, benefitting from the trade in jungle products like camphor, betelnut, bird nests, situated near the Kedah River, was identified as a strategic location. Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah II of Kedah (r. 1710-1778) at that time was facing many internal as well as external conflicts. His son Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah (r. 1778-1797) also suffered the same fate. As a result of internal crisis and dynastic intrigues, he agreed to lease Penang to the EIC in exchange for military assistance in 1785. In July 1786, Francis Light sailed from Calcutta and reached Penang in August, and thus Penang became an EIC stronghold.
East India Company Strategies in the Development of Singapore
Authors: Ara Aniba Israt , Islam Arshad
Published: September 2021

Singapore in the Malay Peninsula was targeted by the British East India Company (EIC) to be the epicentre of their direct rule in Southeast Asia. Seeking new sources of revenue at the end of the 18th century, after attaining domination in India, the Company sought to extend its reach into China, and Malaya was the natural region to do this, extending outposts to Penang and Singapore. The latter was first identified as a key site by Stamford Raffles. The EIC Governor General Marquess Hastings (r. 1813-1823) planned to facilitate Raffle’s attention on the Malay Peninsula from Sumatra. Raffles’ plan for Singapore was approved by the EIC’s Bengal Government. The modern system of administration came into the Straits Settlements under the EIC’s Bengal Presidency. In 1819 in Singapore, Raffles established an Anglo-Oriental College (AOC) for the study of Eastern languages, literature, history, and science. The AOC was intended firstly to be the centre of local research and secondly to increase inter-cultural knowledge of the East and West. Besides Raffles’ efforts, the EIC developed political and socio-economic systems for Singapore. The most important aspects of the social development of Singapore were proper accommodation for migrants, poverty eradication, health care, a new system of education, and women’s rights. The free trade introduced by Francis Light (and later Stamford Raffles) in Penang and Singapore respectively gave enormous opportunities for approved merchants to expand their commerce from Burma to Australia and from Java to China. Before the termination of the China trade in 1833 Singapore developed tremendously, and cemented the role of the European trading paradigm in the East.
Religion, Business, and Global Visions: An Exploration of South Korea’s Discourse on Halal
Authors: Kim Ray
Published: September 2021

Driven by economic exigencies, the Korean government began to strategize entering the rapidly expanding Islamic economy during the early 2000s. Subsequently, decisions to invest into the global halal market ignited public opposition from Korean evangelicals who rejected the positive economic framing of halal—an Islamic concept most commonly used to inform Muslim dietary laws. Based on fieldwork in Korea and analysis of Korean media sources, this article tracks the development of this “halal discourse” through a frame analysis of the discourses created by the Korean government, economic actors, and anti-halal evangelicals, and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments. As these competing voices debated halal’s place in Korean society, the supporters of halal had to respond to evangelical pushback against halal, leading to notable shifts in the public discourse on halal, an issue that was rooted in deeper underlying debates concerning multiculturalism, globalization, and competing visions of Korea.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Fruit Pericarp Extract Gel
Authors: Kuswahyuning Rina , Lesmana Indra
Published: September 2021

The topical antioxidant product may be useful for the treatment of oxidative stress-related skin disorder. This research aimed to evaluate a topical gel formulation of Garcinia mangostana L. fruit pericarp (GMP) extract. GMP extract was formulated into a gel and characterized for its physical properties. The antioxidant activity was evaluated based on the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The ability of gel formulation to release GMP extract and promote skin delivery was estimated based on DPPH scavenging method and also compared to that of suspension form. The results showed that the GMP extract gel showed characteristics for topical application. The radical DPPH scavenging activity was confirmed both in GMP extract and GMP extract gel. In vitro study release showed that the GMP extract was released from gel. Some degree of GMP extract was also delivered into the shed snakeskin in vitro. When compared with the suspension form, GMP extract gel provided a more profoundly lower release.
Recent developments in gallium nitride technology for sensor applications
Authors: Naseer Muhammad Nihal , Abdul Wahab Yasmin , Ullah Ibrar , Zaidi Asad Ali , Johan Mohd Rafie
Published: September 2021

The human race of industrialization without oblivious to environmental contaminants has attracted attention of researchers for development of chemical sensors to detect, measure and mitigate drastically detrimental effects of anthropogenic pollutants. A wide congregation of chemical sensors is available in market but a few factors such as cost, accuracy, time of response, sensitivity, operating environment (temperature and pressure range) and power consumption urges to improve and optimize sensors. For this purpose, various varieties of material, covering polymers and semiconductors to nano particles, have been utilized for manufacturing of chemical sensors. Recently, a tremendous paradigm shift has been observed due to introduction of gallium nitride (GaN) in chemical sensing applications. The aim of this paper is to review recent unprecedented sensing utilizations of GaN, in terms of chemical sensing and power applications.