bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between physical and chemical factors and aquatic macroinvertebrates in perennial streams in the arid northern mountain basin El Batinah, Oman
Authors: Boulaaba S. , Zrelli S. , Boumaiza M. , Rossaro B.
Published: August 2014

The relationships between physical properties, water chemistry and aquatic macroinvertebrates were investigated in riffles of four perennial streams in the arid northern Oman. Samples were collected monthly in autumn, winter and spring with a Surber net. Thirty two invertebrate taxa were recorded, most species are widely distributed, but few species with very restricted distribution were also captured. Diptera followed by Pulmonata, Coleoptera and Odonata were the most represented taxa, Trichoptera and Heteroptera were a significant component only in one station (the Fezeh), where the lowest mean water temperature (23°C) was recorded. In the dry months from May to October, aquatic macroinvertebrates were completely absent. In order to summarise the community response some biotic indices were calculated. The highest diversity was observed in the Fezeh station. A seasonal gradient was also observed, with the highest diversity values in January, April, and December. The low faunal diversity was attributed to the high air and water temperature and the hydrological regime instability. A between station and a between month coinertia analysis was carried out, to analyse the response to spatial and seasonal factors. The first coinertia axis was correlated with altitude and substrate composition, while the second axis was correlated with air and water temperature. The present research emphasizes the urgency for preserving the less disturbed wadis in arid zones, because, despite their species poorness, their uniqueness in faunal composition requires special attention. The presence of few endemic species with very restricted distribution highlights the topicality and the value in investigating these areas, allowing the increase of our knowledge on biodiversity, ecology and biogeography about the benthic macroinvertebrates living in these extreme habitats.
The linkage between work-related factors, employee satisfaction and organisational commitment: Insights from public health professionals
Authors: Mafini Chengedzai , Dlodlo Nobukhosi
Published: August 2014

Orientation: The public health sector in South Africa faces a number of human resource– related inundations. Solving these challenges requires the provision of empirically derived information on these matters.Research purpose: This study investigated the relationship between three work-related factors, person-environment fit, work-family balance and perceived job security, and employee satisfaction and organisational commitment. A conceptual framework that links these factors is proposed and tested.Motivation for the study: The prevalence of employee-related challenges involving public health professionals, as evidenced through industrial action and high labour turnover, amongst others, demands further research in order to generate appropriate solutions.Research approach, design and method: A quantitative design using the survey approach was adopted. A six-section questionnaire was administered to a stratified sample of 287 professionals in three public health institutions in Gauteng, South Africa. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis and regression analysis.Main findings: Job security and person-environment fit both positively correlated with and predicted employee satisfaction. The association between work-family balance and employee satisfaction was weak and showed no significant predictive validity. Employee satisfaction was strongly correlated to and predicted organisational commitment.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of the current study may be used by managers in public health institutions to improve the level of organisational commitment amongst professionals in the sector, thus preventing further employee-related challenges that negatively affect the provision of outstanding public health services.Contribution: The study provides current evidence on how both work-related and humanrelated factors could contribute to the prosperity of the public health sector, both at micro and macro levels. The study also provides updated insights into the interplay between these factors in the context of South Africa, thereby addressing a research gap in this subject.
Die verskaffing van elektrisiteit deur Eskom: Die impak van beurtkrag en hoër pryse op die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie
Authors: Volkwyn Ben J. , Kleynhans Ewert P.J.
Published: August 2014

This study investigates alternative ways to manage the electricity supply by the South African energy provider, Eskom, with specific focus on the choice between higher tariffs and load shedding. Both choices will harm the country’s economy, and optimal managerial choices are, therefore, essential. The empirical research applies Computable General Equilibrium models (CGE). Scenarios on both price increases in electricity and supply reductions in supply were planned to determine what their effect would be on the country's economy as a whole, on specific industrial sectors and the effect on households. Estimates suggest that the supply of electricity in the country should increase by at least 10% to sustain the grid and thus avoid power cuts. The price increase approved by the national regulator,however, will be too little to increase supply and neither will it compel consumers to use less.This price increase will reduce electrical consumption by only 3.3%. On the other hand, if a 10% decrease in the output of electricity is permitted through load shedding, for example, the negative effects could be even more severe. This would be especially true of sectors that are electricity intensive, such as mining and manufacturing. When comparing these two scenarios,increases in the consumer price of electricity would be more preferable than electricity reduction through power cuts.
The Human Occupational Impact of Partner and Close Family Caregiving in Dementia: A Meta-Synthesis of the Qualitative Research, Using a Bespoke Quality Appraisal Tool
Authors: Yong Audrey Su Lin , Price Lee
Published: August 2014

Introduction:

In 2009, the United Kingdom Department of Health identified the need to assist families so that people with dementia can remain living at home. Occupational therapists could support families and their loved ones at home by understanding the human occupational impact of caregiving. This impact includes how one is influenced by values and motivated to perform activities shaped by experiences and life roles. The purpose of this review was to synthesize qualitative research related to family dementia caregiving, extrapolating information about the human occupational impact on the caregiver. The aim was to inform occupational therapy practice.

Method:

A search was conducted across a range of electronic databases. A quality appraisal tool was specifically developed for the study appraisal and data extraction process. Data were extracted and analysed within the Model of Human Occupation framework.

Findings:

Twenty studies were included in this review. Five themes emerged: adapting to dementia; staying motivated and in control; preserving occupational balance and wellbeing; gaining meaning from the caregiver role; and losses and burden.

Conclusion:

The human occupational impact of caregiving affects the quality and decision-making of care for families. Occupational therapists are well placed to support families through the stages of dementia.
Children with Brain Tumours: A Critical Reflection on a Specialist Coordinated Assessment
Authors: Adcock Fiona , Burke G Amos
Published: August 2014

The incidence of diagnosed brain tumours in children is increasing in the United Kingdom, as are survival rates. This is, therefore, an emerging clinical population that occupational therapists need to understand in order to provide effective assessments and interventions. This practice analysis reports on a specialist coordinated assessment approach for children with brain tumours. It describes the process and highlights the need for collaboration between specialist services and community therapy teams.
Commentary on "Critical phenomena in the spreading of opinion consensus and disagreement"
Authors: Bagnoli Franco
Published: August 2014

A Commentary on the paper by A Chacoma and D H Zanette [Pap. Phys. 6, 060003 (2014)]. The author of the paper offers a Reply. Received: 3 August 2014, Accepted: 3 August 2014; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060004Cite as: F Bagnoli, Papers in Physics 6, 060004 (2014)
Reply to the Commentary on "Critical phenomena in the spreading of opinion consensus and disagreement"
Authors: Chacoma A. , Zanette Damián H.
Published: August 2014

A Reply to the Commentary by F. Bagnoli [Pap. Phys. 6, 060004 (20014)]. Received: 3 August 2014,  Accepted: 3 August 2014; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060005Cite as: A Chacoma, D H Zanette, Papers in Physics 6, 060005 (2014)
Ice Nucleation Activity in the Widespread Soil Fungus Mortierella alpina
Authors: Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. , Hill T. C. J. , Pummer B. G. , Franc G. D. , Pöschl U.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Biological residues in soil dust are a potentially strong source of atmospheric ice nuclei (IN). So far, however, the abundance, diversity, sources, seasonality, and role of biological – in particular, fungal – IN in soil dust have not been characterized. By analysis of the culturable fungi in topsoils, from a range of different land use and ecosystem types in south-east Wyoming, we found ice nucleation active (INA) fungi to be both widespread and abundant, particularly in soils with recent inputs of decomposable organic matter. Across all investigated soils, 8% of fungal isolates were INA. All INA isolates initiated freezing at −5 to −6 °C, and belonged to a single zygomycotic species, Mortierella alpina (Mortierellales, Mortierellomycotina). By contrast, the handful of fungal species so far reported as INA all belong within the Ascomycota or Basidiomycota phyla. M. alpina is known to be saprobic, widespread in soil and present in air and rain. Sequencing of the ITS region and the gene for γ-linolenic-elongase revealed four distinct clades, affiliated to different soil types. The IN produced by M. alpina seem to be proteinaceous, <300 kDa in size, and can be easily washed off the mycelium. Ice nucleating fungal mycelium will ramify topsoils and probably also release cell-free IN into it. If these IN survive decomposition or are adsorbed onto mineral surfaces, their contribution might accumulate over time, perhaps to be transported with soil dust and influencing its ice nucleating properties.
Arctic Holocene proxy climate database – new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables
Authors: Sundqvist H. S. , Kaufman D. S. , McKay N. P. , Balascio N. L. , Briner J. P. , Cwynar L. C. , Sejrup H. P. , Seppä H. , Subetto D. A. , Andrews J. T. , Axford Y. , Bakke J. , Birks H. J. B. , Brooks S. J. , de Vernal A. , Jennings A. E. , Ljungqvist F. C. , Rühland K. M. , Saenger C. , Smol J. P. , Viau A. E.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 170 sites from north of 58° N latitude where proxy time series extend back at least to 6 cal ka (all ages in this article are in calendar years before present – BP), are resolved at submillennial scale (at least one value every 400 ± 200 years) and have age models constrained by at least one age every 3000 years. In addition to conventional metadata for each proxy record (location, proxy type, reference), we include two novel parameters that add functionality to the database. First, "climate interpretation" is a series of fields that logically describe the specific climate variable(s) represented by the proxy record. It encodes the proxy–climate relation reported by authors of the original studies into a structured format to facilitate comparison with climate model outputs. Second, "geochronology accuracy score" (chron score) is a numerical rating that reflects the overall accuracy of 14C-based age models from lake and marine sediments. Chron scores were calculated using the original author-reported 14C ages, which are included in this database. The database contains 320 records (some sites include multiple records) from six regions covering the circumpolar Arctic: Fennoscandia is the most densely sampled region (31% of the records), whereas only five records from the Russian Arctic met the criteria for inclusion. The database contains proxy records from lake sediment (60%), marine sediment (32%), glacier ice (5%), and other sources. Most (61%) reflect temperature (mainly summer warmth) and are primarily based on pollen, chironomid, or diatom assemblages. Many (15%) reflect some aspect of hydroclimate as inferred from changes in stable isotopes, pollen and diatom assemblages, humification index in peat, and changes in equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers. This comprehensive database can be used in future studies to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of Arctic Holocene climate changes and their causes. The Arctic Holocene data set is available from NOAA Paleoclimatology.
Last interglacial model–data mismatch of thermal maximum temperatures partially explained
Authors: Bakker P. , Renssen H.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The timing of the last interglacial (LIG) thermal maximum across the globe remains to be precisely assessed. Because of difficulties in establishing a common temporal framework between records from different palaeoclimatic archives retrieved from various places around the globe, it has not yet been possible to reconstruct spatio-temporal variations in the occurrence of the maximum warmth across the globe. Instead, snapshot reconstructions of warmest LIG conditions have been presented, which have an underlying assumption that maximum warmth occurred synchronously everywhere. Although known to be an oversimplification, the impact of this assumption on temperature estimates has yet to be assessed. We use the LIG temperature evolutions simulated by nine different climate models to investigate whether the assumption of synchronicity results in a sizeable overestimation of the LIG thermal maximum. We find that for annual temperatures, the overestimation is small, strongly model-dependent (global mean 0.4 ± 0.3 °C) and cannot explain the recently published 0.67 °C difference between simulated and reconstructed annual mean temperatures during the LIG thermal maximum. However, if one takes into consideration that temperature proxies are possibly biased towards summer, the overestimation of the LIG thermal maximum based on warmest month temperatures is non-negligible with a global mean of 1.1 ± 0.4 °C.
The importance of hydrological uncertainty assessment methods in climate change impact studies
Authors: Honti M. , Scheidegger A. , Stamm C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Climate change impact assessments have become more and more popular in hydrology since the middle 1980s with a recent boost after the publication of the IPCC AR4 report. From hundreds of impact studies a quasi-standard methodology has emerged, to a large extent shaped by the growing public demand for predicting how water resources management or flood protection should change in the coming decades. The "standard" workflow relies on a model cascade from global circulation model (GCM) predictions for selected IPCC scenarios to future catchment hydrology. Uncertainty is present at each level and propagates through the model cascade. There is an emerging consensus between many studies on the relative importance of the different uncertainty sources. The prevailing perception is that GCM uncertainty dominates hydrological impact studies. Our hypothesis was that the relative importance of climatic and hydrologic uncertainty is (among other factors) heavily influenced by the uncertainty assessment method. To test this we carried out a climate change impact assessment and estimated the relative importance of the uncertainty sources. The study was performed on two small catchments in the Swiss Plateau with a lumped conceptual rainfall runoff model. In the climatic part we applied the standard ensemble approach to quantify uncertainty but in hydrology we used formal Bayesian uncertainty assessment with two different likelihood functions. One was a time series error model that was able to deal with the complicated statistical properties of hydrological model residuals. The second was an approximate likelihood function for the flow quantiles. The results showed that the expected climatic impact on flow quantiles was small compared to prediction uncertainty. The choice of uncertainty assessment method actually determined what sources of uncertainty could be identified at all. This demonstrated that one could arrive at rather different conclusions about the causes behind predictive uncertainty for the same hydrological model and calibration data when considering different objective functions for calibration.
A multi-scale risk assessment for tephra fallout and airborne concentration from multiple Icelandic volcanoes – Part 1: Hazard assessment
Authors: Biass S. , Scaini C. , Bonadonna C. , Folch A. , Smith K. , Höskuldsson A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In order to assist the elaboration of proactive measures for the management of future volcanic eruptions in Iceland, we developed a new scenario-based approach to assess the hazard associated with tephra dispersal and sedimentation at various scales and for multiple sources. The target volcanoes are Hekla, Katla, Eyjafjallajökull and Askja, selected either for their high probabilities of eruption and/or their high potential impact. By coupling tephrostratigraphic studies, probabilistic techniques and modelling, we developed comprehensive eruption scenarios for both short- and long-lasting eruptions and compiled hazard maps for tephra ground deposition at a national scale and air concentration at a European scale using the TEPHRA2 and FALL3D models, respectively. New algorithms for the identification of realistic sets of eruptive source parameters are investigated, which assist the generation of probability density functions of eruption source parameters for the selected scenarios. Aggregation processes were accounted for using various empirical models. Outcomes, i.e. probabilities conditioned to the occurrence of an eruption, help the assessment and comparison of hazard levels at different scales. For example, at a national scale Askja has a 5–10% probability of blanketing the easternmost half of the country with a tephra accumulation of at least 1 kg m−2. At a continental scale, Katla has a 5–10% probability of producing ash clouds with concentrations of 2 mg m−3 over the UK, Scandinavia and northern Europe with a mean arrival time of 48–72 h and a mean persistence time of 6–18 h. In a companion paper, Scaini et al. (2014) present a vulnerability assessment for Iceland to ground deposition of tephra and for the European air traffic to airborne ash which, combined with the outcomes of the present paper, constitute one of the first comprehensive multi-scale risk assessment associated with tephra dispersal and sedimentation.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DO DÉFICIT HABITACIONAL EM DIFERENTES ESCALAS ESPACIAIS NO BRASIL: Guarapuava/PR e o contexto nacional
Authors: Morimitsu João Carlos Batista , Da Silva Márcia
Published: August 2014

O presente artigo trata sobre o déficit habitacional, problema este que se distribui em diferentes escalas no território brasileiro. Seja na escala do município, dos Estados ou das grandes Regiões do Brasil, o déficit habitacional se faz presente, configurando padrões de distribuição socioterritoriais que podem ser verificados por meio de diferentes elementos. Nesse trabalho, por meio da utilização de dados quantitativos, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE e pela Fundação João Pinheiro – FJP, realizou-se uma leitura da situação habitacional no território brasileiro durante a última década (2000). Especificamente, abordou-se nesse trabalho, a configuração do déficit habitacional durante o período em questão (década de 2000), indicando algumas características relativas à falta de moradias adequadas nas cidades brasileiras, tendo como base dados quantitativos referentes a diferentes escalas espaciais do território brasileiro, apresentando, por fim, a situação do déficit habitacional na cidade de Guarapuava-PR.
AVALIAÇÃO DO RUÍDO DE TRÁFEGO NOTURNO – ESTUDO DE CASO NA CIDADE DE CURITIBA, BRASIL
Authors: Carvalho da Paz Elaine , Zannin Paulo Henrique
Published: August 2014

As imissões sonoras noturnas geradas por um trecho urbano de uma rodovia brasileira, foram avaliados através de medições in situ. A partir dos dados coletados foi elaborada uma modelagem matemática para alguns descritores acústicos (Leq – nível sonoro equivalente; L10, L50 e L90 - níveis sonoros estatísticos), em função da correlação destes entre si e com variáveis de tráfego, para cálculo de níveis sonoros no período noturno. Os modelos desenvolvidos apresentam três características: a) são para aplicação ao ruído de tráfego noturno, b) aplicação de regressão linear e não logarítmica, c) aplicação de intervalos de classe para descrever a complexidade da faixa dinâmica de imissões sonoras, desde os níveis mais baixos até os mais elevados. Verificou-se que para amostras grandes (n > 30) e predição do valor do nível sonoro equivalente (Leq), a avaliação com intervalos de classe de ruído é a mais indicada.
MINERALOGIA DA FRAÇÃO ARGILA DO REGISTRO ESTRATIGRÁFICO DO PLANALTO DE ÁGUA DOCE/ PALMAS (SUL DO BRASIL): Primeira aproximação
Authors: Guerra Simone , Paisani Julio Cesar
Published: August 2014

O presente artigo traz resultados referentes a mineralogia da fração argila do registro estratigráfico de três seções estratigráficas inseridas em ambiente de fundo de vale de canais de 1ª (seção HS6) e 2ª (HS2) ordens hierárquica e ambiente de encosta (HS5) no Planalto de Água Doce/Palmas, sul do Brasil. A mineralogia da fração argila das unidades estratigráficas foram levantadas por meio da técnica de difratogrametria de raio X, onde identificou-se a presença das seguintes fases de minerais: caulinita (1:1), esmectita (2:1), vermiculita (2:1), gibbsita (1:1), quartzo, em menor proporção clorita (2:1), goethita, cristobalita e feldspatos cálcico e sódico. Esta composição sugere uma evolução pedogeoquímica em estágio inicial à intermediária de alteração, referente à hidrólise parcial. Correlacionando os materiais dos três ambientes, observa-se uma alteração pedogeoquímica mais elevada nos materiais dos ambientes de fundos de vale de 2ª ordem e encosta, comparados ao ambiente de fundo de vale de 1ª ordem, possivelmente relacionada a renovação dos materiais nos fundos de vales e a unidades mais superficiais. De modo geral, os materiais dos ambientes da área de estudo revelaram uma fase de alteração da monossialitização para bissialitização, onde os processos de morfogênese e pedogênese ocorrentes nos ambientes, não foram capazes de elevar o material das unidades a um grau de alteração avançado, como a alitização (hidrólise total).
A GEOGRAFIA DO MERCADO MUNDIAL DE PRODUTOS AGROALIMENTARES E O PAPEL DO BRASIL
Authors: Medeiros Marlon Clovis
Published: August 2014

O artigo analisa as mudanças recentes na geografia do mercado mundial de produtos agrícolas, discutindo a inserção do Brasil, o papel dos mercados futuros na elevação dos preços internacionais e as mudanças entre os países exportadores e importadores de produtos agrícolas. Argumentamos que a principal mudança no espaço agrícola mundial nas últimas duas décadas foi o crescimento dos investimentos financeiros em commodities agrícolas e o crescimento dos mercados de futuros. A dinâmica financeira se tornou dominante nos mercados agrícolas, levando à mudanças nas safras e nos preços, tornando-os subordinados à expectativa de retorno dos investidores. Este foi o principal elemento da inflação de preços agrícolas em 2006-2008. Estudos dos mais diversos organismos internacionais (FAO, FMI e Banco Mundial) apontaram cenários de agravamento da fome em inúmeros países e de continuidade da alta de preços, mas desviaram o foco do papel da especulação, apontando duas grandes causas: a produção de biocombustíveis e o aumento do consumo de alimentos na Ásia. No presente artigo argumentamos pelo contrário, que o papel das vendas antecipadas nas bolsas de mercadorias e futuros, foi o elemento determinante. A oferta e a demanda agrícola vem perderam espaço como reguladores de preços para a antecipação e expectativas dos mercados futuros. Os preços são determinados antes mesmo do plantio. A ampliação dos fluxos internacionais de capital e as crises financeiras trouxeram a dinâmica internacional para o centro dos debates geográficos e sobre os rumos da agricultura.
ZONEAMENTO GEOAMBIENTAL DA TECA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CÁCERES/MATO GROSSO - BRASIL
Authors: Kreitlow Jesã Pereira , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Neves Ronaldo José , Serafim Milson Evaldo
Published: August 2014

A Teca (Tectona grandis L. f.) é uma espécie arbórea de grande porte, originária do sudoeste asiático, que teve seu ciclo de crescimento acelerado devido às características edafoclimáticas presentes no estado de Mato Grosso. Assim, objetivou-se realizar a avaliação geoambiental das terras do município de Cáceres/MT, visando à identificação das áreas aptas e inaptas ao cultivo da Teca. A metodologia para operacionalização desta pesquisa ocorreu por meio de geotecnologias. Os resultados mostraram que em Cáceres 5.046 Km2 são considerados aptos para a cultura da Teca e 19.305 Km2 inaptos, sendo que as áreas aptas se localizam nos vales da Província Serrana e em porções com relevo plano, situados a oeste do perímetro urbano. As informações geradas neste estudo podem contribuir no planejamento da atividade e na gestão territorial municipal de Cáceres, situado na região sudoeste mato-grossense.
USO DO TERRITÓRIO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CAMPINAS: o que se mostra no inventário da cultura Hip Hop (2005)
Authors: Alves Cristiano Nunes
Published: August 2014

Problematiza-se a metropolização corporativa na Região Metropolitana de Campinas a partir do estudo do uso do território pelo circuito hip hop. Primeiramente, aborda-se o contexto de periferização e segregação da metrópole campineira. Em seguida, destaca-se o inventário da cultura hip hop na Região, constituído por informações primárias reunidas entre os anos de 2003 e 2005. O inventário assinala a existência de cerca de 300 grupos de rap, o que corresponde a cerca de mil pessoas cantando o gênero musical da cultura hip hop, além de apontar a ação de cerca de 250 grafiteiros e dançarinos de break espalhados por catorze cidades da Região. O circuito envolve órgãos articuladores, rádios livres, lojas de artigos hip hop e estúdios fonográficos, entre outros. Observa-se a aproximação de parte dos militantes do hip hop com partidos políticos, num exemplo da cultura tornada movimento institucionalizado. A manifestação dos elementos do hip hop dá-se basicamente nas periferias da Região em especial nas cidades de Campinas, Sumaré e Hortolândia. Destaca-se o uso do espaço público como tática primeira da cultura das ruas, num calendário que propicía o encontro de diferentes agentes periféricos em seus eventos artísticos.  Almeja-se refletir sobre as alternativas para o estudo dos circuitos culturais no território usado, acredita-se, uma maneira de melhor compreender a dinâmica urbana contemporânea.
Pré-Textuais
Authors: Silveira Claudinei Taborda da , Sopchaki Carlos Henrique , Silveira Ricardo Michael Pinheiro , Neuman Gisele
Published: August 2014

Claudinei Taborda da Silveira, Carlos Henrique Sopchaki, Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, Gisele Neuman.
Growth of selected entomopathogenic fungi species and isolates on media containing insecticides
Authors: Miętkiewiski Ryszard , Górski Remigiusz
Published: August 2014

Two isolates of Beattveria bassiana, Motarhizium anisopliae, Peacilomyces farinosus and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were examined on media to which three insecticides at three different doses were added.
Role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma spp. in the control of root rot disease of soybean
Authors: Ehteshamul-Haque Syed , Ghaffar Abdul
Published: August 2014

Seed treatment of soybean with Bndyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii significantly controlled the infection of 30-day-old seedlingsby Maerophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp. In 60-day-old plants Trichoderma spp.. and B. japonicum inhibited the grouth of R. solani and Fusarium spp., whereas the use of B. japonicum (TAL-102) with T. harzianum. T. viride, T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii controlled the infection by M. phaseolina. Greater grain yield was recorded when B. japonium (TAI-102) was used with T. hamatum.
Mycological notes from the Tatra National Park. II
Authors: Mułenko Wiesław , Sałata Bogusław , Wołczańska Agata
Published: August 2014

The paper present a list of 141 species of parasitic fungi collected in the Tatra National Park in 1982-1992. Some fungi are new to the Polish mycoflora, or have been collected on new host plants or rare known from single localities only.
Some mycogenous fungi from Poland
Authors: Chlebicki Andrzej , Skirgiełło Alina
Published: August 2014

In the present paper the results of earlier studies on mycogenous fungi which were gathered occasionally are summarized. Fifieen specres. previously Pyrenomycetes s.l., have been found growing on other fungi Immothia hypoxylon and Lophiostoma polyporicola are new species to the Polish mycoflora. Sphaeronaemella Kulczyńskiana described by K. R o u p p e r t (1912) is considered to be Eleuteromyces subultus. Relatively high number of fungi inhabiting stromata of Diatrypella favacea is probably connected with its early colonization of the Polish area.
Succession of fungi in the initial postindustrial soil
Authors: Kowalik Maria
Published: August 2014

The paper presents the results of 3-year mycological studies carried out in the reclaimed dumping ground of "Machów" sulphur mine. The stages of succession of soil fungi as well as their quantitative and qualitative composition in the initial soil of the dumping ground areas reclaimed for agriculture and forestry were determined.
Microsphaera russellii - an interesting species in the mycoflora of Poland
Authors: Wołczańska Agata
Published: August 2014

The paper presents the specification of Micfosphaen russcllii Clint. found in Poland.
Occurrence of endospores within conidia and hyphal cells of morphologically atypical isolates of Ophiostoma guerci (Georg.) Nannf.
Authors: Przybył Krystyna , Idzikowska Krystyna
Published: August 2014

Ultrastructural observations of two Ophiostoma querci isolates presented in this paper showed endospores within hyphal cells and Sporothrix conidia. The endospores were apparently included in a matrix of an electron transparent material or were associated with unidentified granules scattered throught cytoplasm of enclosing cells. The endospores may be liberated by breakdown of the enclosing cell. When free they were observed giving rise to hyphae.
Fungal communities in soil beneath Scots pine and their stumps. Effect of fungi on Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae growth
Authors: Kwaśna Hanna
Published: August 2014

The soil beneath 30-year-old Scots pines, was inhabited by fungi communities which were at least iwicc as big as communities from ihe 49-year-old stand. The fungi communities in soil beneath the stumps were much smaller compared to those beneath the live trees and more abundant in the 30- than in the 49--year-old stand. The fungal communities in soil beneath the 30-year-old pines have bigger antagonistic effect on Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae than those beneath the 49-year-old stand. The decrease in density of fungi and in the frequency of species antagonistic to H. annosum and A. ostoyae resulted in the decrease of the antagonistic effect on both pathogens in soil beneath pine stumps.
Geotrichum capitatum, a new isolate degrading phenol
Authors: Grabińska-Łoniewska Anna , Sláviková Elena , Pajor Elżbieta
Published: August 2014

Geotrichum capitatum strain GID2, highly active in degradation of phenol was isolated from the biocenosis of rotating discs reactor treating petrochemical wastes. It was also able to utilize ethanol, glycerol, acetate, citrate and p-, m-cresoles as sole C-sources.
Trichosporon species isolated from human respiratory system
Authors: Dynowska Maria
Published: August 2014

The research included clinical material collected from the patients of the Specialist Medical Unit for Tubereles. Lung Diseases and Oncology in Olsztyn with particular consideration to the respiratory system and to Trichosporon species. In total 3 species were isolated: Trichosporon beigelii Vuillemin, Trichosporon capitatum Diddens et Lodder and Trichosporon pullulans Diddens et Lodder. T. beigelii dominated in the materiał examined.
Studies of Cantharellus cibarius - a mycorrhizal fungus of pine and spruce
Authors: Pachlewski Roman , Strzelczyk Edmund , Kermen Jadwiga
Published: August 2014

Pure cultures of Cuntharellus cibarius wcrc isolaled in two forms: C. cibarius hardwood form (isolate No. 5400) and C. cibarius coniferous form (isolate No.5410). Artificial mycorrhization of pine (Pinus Sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies) was applied in this work and wcre determinated mycorrhiza-forming properties in both isolates with differences in mycorrhiza-forming activity and in morphogenesis of ectomycorrhizas. The sporocarps of C. cibarius consistently contained bacteria probably belonging to the genus: Pseudomonas. It was possible to evaluate the culture conditions for associated bacteria using in vitro tests (effect of antibiotics, pH of the medium), as well as their neutral interactions with mycorrhizal fungi (C.antharellus cibarius, Pisolithus tinctorius, Suillus bovinus and Mycelium radicis atrrovirens). Results of the present work suggest that the selection of isolates of C. cibarius< for artificial mycorrhization of seedlings of forest trees m nurseries could be very useful.
Lichens of the Jesionowe Góry Reserve in Poland
Authors: Bystrek Jan , Kolanko Katarzyna
Published: August 2014

The list of lichen species found in the Jesionowe Góry Reserve in NE Poland.
Some characteristic of Rhizoctonia spp. in sharp eyespot of wheat
Authors: Furgał-Węgrzycka Helena , Adamiak Jan , Adamiak Ewa
Published: August 2014

Isolates of Rhizttctonia sp. with multinucleate and binucleate cells were obtained from sharp eyespot lesions on wheat culms in Olsztyn region. (NE Poland). These isolates were compared to isolates of AG-4 and GAG-1 testers with reference to cultural morphology of colony, growth rate, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity to wheat seedlings. The wheat binucleate isolates were similar in morphology of colonies and anastomosed with the Ceratubasidium anastomosis group GAG-1 tester isolates of R. cerealis. Growth rates on PDA ranged from 9 to 11 mm/24h for wheat isolates and from l to 11 mm/24 h for tester isolates GAG-1 of R. cerealis. The wheat multinucleate isolates were similar in morphology of colonies and anastomosed with Rhizoctonia solani Kühn group AG-4 tester isolate. R. solani AG-4 isolates were morphologically distinct from the R. cerealis isolates. These isolates on PDA were dark and grow rapidly (20-30 mm diam./24 h/20°C) and significantly contrasted with slowly growing white-creamy isolates of R. cerealis (GAG-1). Isolates of R. solani (AG-4) and R. cerealis (GAG-I) developed sharp eyespot lesions on culms and white head symptoms typical of the disease. None of the wheat isolates of R. cerealis (GAG-I) caused root-rot on wheat seedlings. In the present work the classification system of vegetative groups of Rhizoctonia spp. in present work is also discussed.
The Tahoe Study: Bias in the Interpretation of Papanicolaou Test Results When Human Papillomavirus Status Is Known
Authors: Moriarty Ann T. , Nayar Ritu , Arnold Terry , Gearries Lisa , Renshaw Andrew , Thomas Nicole , Souers Rhona
Published: August 2014

Context.—Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) status is expected to bias the morphologic evaluation of Papanicolaou (Pap) test results.

Objective.—To characterize Pap test result interpretive bias when the HPV status is known at the microscopic evaluation.

Design.—Forty HPV-positive liquid-based Pap test results initially interpreted as negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion or malignancy were selected from a quality assurance program, separated into 2 groups of 20 slides each, and circulated in 2 groups to 22 members of the College of American Pathologists Cytopathology Committee. Each member reviewed each case and indicated whether the result was negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion or malignancy or was an epithelial cell abnormality (ECA). The participants assessed the severity of ECAs using the Bethesda System. The participants were not informed of the HPV status in the initial review round. Each group of 20 slides was then distributed to the opposite group (to avoid slide recall), and the participants were informed that all slides were from patients who were high-risk HPV positive. Differences in the responses between groups were analyzed by χ2 test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test at the .05 significance level.

Results.—Without knowledge of the HPV status, slides were more often categorized as negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and less likely identified as an ECA (P < .001). There was an increase across all categories of ECAs in the biased responses compared with the unbiased responses (P = .002).

Conclusions.—Knowledge of positive HPV status biases morphologic Pap test result interpretation. If the HPV status is positive, observers are more likely to report a Pap test result as abnormal across all categories of ECAs.
Verifying Performance Characteristics of Quantitative Analytical Systems: Calibration Verification, Linearity, and Analytical Measurement Range
Authors: Killeen Anthony A. , Long Tom , Souers Rhona , Styer Patricia , Ventura Christina B. , Klee George G.
Published: August 2014

Context.—Both the regulations in the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) and the checklists of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Laboratory Accreditation Program require clinical laboratories to verify performance characteristics of quantitative test systems. Laboratories must verify performance claims when introducing an unmodified, US Food and Drug Administration–cleared or approved test system, and they must comply with requirements for periodic calibration and calibration verification for existing test systems. They must also periodically verify the analytical measurement range of many quantitative test systems.

Objective.—To provide definitions for many of the terms used in these regulations, to describe a set of basic analyses that laboratories may adapt to demonstrate compliance with both CLIA and the CAP Laboratory Accreditation Program checklists for performing calibration verification and for verifying the analytical measurement range of test systems, to review some of the recommended procedures for establishing performance goals, and to provide data illustrating the performance goals used in some of the CAP's calibration verification and linearity surveys.

Data Sources.—The CAP's calibration verification and linearity survey programs, the CLIA regulations, the Laboratory Accreditation Program requirements, and published literature were used to meet these objectives.

Conclusions.—Calibration verification and linearity and analytical measurement range verification should be performed using suitable materials with assessment of results using well-defined evaluation protocols. We describe the CAP's calibration verification and linearity programs that may be used for these purposes.
Q-Probes Studies in Anatomic Pathology: Quality Improvement Through Targeted Benchmarking
Authors: Tworek Joseph A. , Volmar Keith E. , McCall Shannon J. , Bashleben Christine P. , Howanitz Peter J.
Published: August 2014

Context.—The Q-Probes program is a peer-comparison quality assurance service offered by the College of American Pathologists that was created in 1989.

Objective.—To establish national benchmarks around a specific quality metric at a specific point in time in anatomic pathology (AP).

Design.—Q-Probes are based on a voluntary subscription for an individual study. Hospital-based laboratories in the United States, Canada, and 16 other countries have participated. Approximately one-third of all Q-Probes studies address AP metrics. Each Q-Probes study has a primary quality indicator and additional minor indicators.

Results.—There have been 52 AP Q-Probes studies addressing process-, outcome-, and structure-related quality assurance issues. These Q-Probes studies often represented the first standardized national benchmark for specific metrics in the disciplines of cytopathology, surgical pathology, and autopsy pathology, and as such have been cited more than 1700 times in peer-reviewed literature. The AP Q-Probes studies that have been repeated over time demonstrate improvement in laboratory performance across an international spectrum.

Conclusions.—The Q-Probes program has produced important national benchmarks in AP, addressing preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic factors in the disciplines of cytopathology, surgical pathology, and autopsy pathology. Q-Probes study data have been published, cited, and used in the creation of laboratory accreditation standards and other national guidelines.
Reducing the power consumption in LTE‐Advanced wireless access networks by a capacity based deployment tool
Authors: Deruyck Margot , Joseph Wout , Tanghe Emmeric , Martens Luc
Published: August 2014

As both the bit rate required by applications on mobile devices and the number of those mobile devices are steadily growing, wireless access networks need to be expanded. As wireless networks also consume a lot of energy, it is important to develop energy‐efficient wireless access networks in the near future. In this study, a capacity‐based deployment tool for the design of energy‐efficient wireless access networks is proposed. Capacity‐based means that the network responds to the instantaneous bit rate requirements of the users active in the selected area. To the best of our knowledge, such a deployment tool for energy‐efficient wireless access networks has never been presented before. This deployment tool is applied to a realistic case in Ghent, Belgium, to investigate three main functionalities incorporated in LTE‐Advanced: carrier aggregation, heterogeneous deployments, and Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO). The results show that it is recommended to introduce femtocell base stations, supporting both MIMO and carrier aggregation, into the network (heterogeneous deployment) to reduce the network's power consumption. For the selected area and the assumptions made, this results in a power consumption reduction up to 70%. Introducing femtocell base stations without MIMO and carrier aggregation can already result in a significant power consumption reduction of 38%.
Slab rollback instability and supercontinent dispersal
Authors: Bercovici David , Long Maureen D.
Published: August 2014

Supercontinents coalesce over subduction zone complexes and their subsequent dispersal is usually attributed to heating and upwelling of continent‐insulated mantle. This dispersal mechanism, however, requires considerable mantle internal heating. Alternatively, the supercontinent configuration may be mechanically unstable and disperse regardless of heating mode. In particular, increased drag on plates or subducting slabs (e.g., by accumulating continents) causes them to slow down and trenches to rollback. Once subcontinental slabs are slightly separated, resistance to their descent increases, inducing further trench migration. Slabs thus undergo a rollback instability, which disperses supercontinents. A simple theoretical model illustrates this instability and shows that there are two equilibrium states, one unstable supercontinent state where slabs are conjoined and one stable state where slabs are widely separated. Slab rollback from the unstable to stable states occurs at typical slow tectonic speeds and over a period commensurate with the age of ocean basins and the Wilson cycle.
An Empirical Evaluation of Intelligence‐gathering Interrogation Techniques from the United States Army Field Manual
Authors: Evans Jacqueline R. , Houston Kate A. , Meissner Christian A. , Ross Amy B. , LaBianca Julia R. , Woestehoff Skye A. , Kleinman Steven M.
Published: August 2014

Despite growing interest in intelligence interviewing, there is little empirical research directly addressing interrogations conducted with the goal of collecting human intelligence (HUMINT). The current study used an experimental intelligence‐gathering paradigm to test the efficacy of two clusters of emotion‐based interrogation approaches from the US Army Field Manual. Results suggest that both Positive and Negative Emotional Approaches increased the collection of information from both guilty and innocent participants when compared with a Direct Approach. While the emotional approaches produced similar gains in information regardless of valence, positive approaches reduced anxiety, increased perceptions of a fostering atmosphere, and enhanced the relationship between fostering atmosphere and information gain. The implications for the use of these techniques in the intelligence interviewing context are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Governance Structure of Chinese Farmer Cooperatives: Evidence From Zhejiang Province
Authors: Liang Qiao , Hendrikse George , Huang Zuhui , Xu Xuchu
Published: August 2014

The governance of farmer cooperatives in China is addressed regarding democratic decision‐making procedures, participation in decision making, member exit, and profit allocation. Empirical results from a survey of fruit and vegetable cooperatives in the Zhejiang province (China) indicate that the distribution of ownership rights, decision rights, and income rights in a farmer cooperative is quite skewed towards a small proportion of members. Several governance practices by cooperatives are not in line with the requirements specified by the Law. [EconLit classification; D210; Q130].