bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of
rpoS
Deletion on
Escherichia coli
Biofilms
Authors: Adams Jennifer L. , McLean Robert J. C.
Published: December 2019

Slow growth has been hypothesized to be an essential aspect of bacterial physiology within biofilms. In order to test this hypothesis, we employed two strains of
Escherichia coli
, ZK126 (Δ
lacZ rpoS
+
) and its isogenic Δ
rpoS
derivative, ZK1000. These strains were grown at two rates (0.033 and 0.0083 h
−1
) in a glucose-limited chemostat which was coupled either to a modified Robbins device containing plugs of silicone rubber urinary catheter material or to a glass flow cell. The presence or absence of
rpoS
did not significantly affect planktonic growth of
E. coli
. In contrast, biofilm cell density in the
rpoS
mutant strain (ZK1000), as measured by determining the number of CFU per square centimeter, was reduced by 50% (
P
< 0.05). Deletion of
rpoS
caused differences in biofilm cell arrangement, as seen by scanning confocal laser microscopy. In reporter gene experiments, similar levels of
rpoS
expression were seen in chemostat-grown planktonic and biofilm populations at a growth rate of 0.033 h
−1
. Overall, these studies suggest that
rpoS
is important for biofilm physiology.
Evaluation of a Rapid Fungal Detection Panel for Identification of Candidemia at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Bomkamp John P. , Sulaiman Rand , Hartwell Jennifer L. , Desai Armisha , Winn Vera C. , Wrin Justin , Kussin Michelle L. , Hiles Jon J.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to assess the utility of the T2Candida panel across an academic health center and identify potential areas for diagnostic optimization. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with a T2Candida panel and mycolytic/fungal (myco/f lytic) blood culture collected simultaneously during hospitalizations from February 2017 to March 2018.
Neutralizing Antibody Induction by HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles May Be Impaired by Mannose Binding Lectin
Authors: Ringe Rajesh P. , Cruz Portillo Victor M. , Dosenovic Pia , Ketas Thomas J. , Ozorowski Gabriel , Nogal Bartek , Perez Lautaro , LaBranche Celia C. , Lim Jillian , Francomano Erik , Wilson Ian A. , Sanders Rogier W. , Ward Andrew B. , Montefiori David C. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Klasse P. J. , Cupo Albert , Moore John P.
Published: December 2019

Recombinant trimeric SOSIP proteins are vaccine components intended to induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that prevent cells from infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A way to increase the strength of antibody responses to these proteins is to present them on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs). We chemically attached about 20 SOSIP trimers to NPs made of iron oxide (IO). The resulting IO-NP trimers had appropriate properties when we studied them in the laboratory but, unexpectedly, were less able to induce NAbs than nonattached trimers when used to immunize mice. We found that mannose binding lectins, proteins naturally present in the serum of mice and other animals, bound strongly to the soluble and IO-NP trimers, blocking access to antibody epitopes in a way that may impede the development of NAb responses. These findings should influence how trimer-bearing NPs of various designs are made and used.
Comparison between electronic and paper versions of patient-reported outcome measures in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational study with a cross-over administration
Authors: Nishimura Koichi , Kusunose Masaaki , Sanda Ryo , Tsuji Yousuke , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Oga Toru
Published: December 2019

Objectives

A wide range of electronic devices can be used for data collection of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although comparisons between electronic and paper-based PRO measures have been undertaken in asthmatics, it is currently uncertain whether electronic questionnaires work equally as well as paper versions in elderly subjects with COPD. The aim of this study was to compare the responses to paper and electronic versions of the Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD (E-RS) and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT).

Design

A randomised cross-over design was used to compare the responses to paper and electronic versions of the two tools. The interval between the two administrations was 1 week.

Setting

Electronic versions were self-administered under supervision using a tablet computer at our outpatient clinic (secondary care hospital in Japan) while paper questionnaires completed at home were requested to be returned by mail. It was intended that half of the patients completed the electronic versions of both questionnaires first, followed by the paper versions while the other half completed the paper versions ﬁrst.

Participants

Eighty-one subjects with stable COPD were included.

Results

The E-RS total scores (possible range 0–40) were 6.8±7.4 and 5.0±6.6 in the paper-based and electronic versions, respectively, and the CAT scores (possible range 0–40) were 10.0±7.4 and 8.6±7.8. In both questionnaires, higher scores indicate worse status. The relationship between electronic and paper versions showed significant reliability for both the E-RS total score and CAT score (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.82 and 0.89, respectively; both p<0.001). However, both the E-RS total and CAT scores were significantly higher in the paper versions (p<0.05).

Conclusions

In both cases, the two versions of the same questionnaire cannot be used interchangeably even though they have both been validated.
Acinetobacter baumanniidetected on modified charcoal–cefoperazone–deoxycholate agar in a waste stabilization pond
Authors: Sheludchenko Maxim , Padovan Anna , Katouli Mohammad , Stratton Helen
Published: December 2019

Campylobacter is a recommended reference pathogen for the verification and validation of water recycling schemes in Australia and globally. In a larger study investigating the efficacy of pathogen removal in waste stabilization ponds (WSP), we cultivated bacteria from wastewater samples on modified charcoal–cefoperazone–deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) targeting the growth of Campylobacter. A high number of colonies characteristic of Campylobacter grew on this selective medium, but this did not correlate with qPCR data. Using primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene, and additional confirmatory tests to detect VS1, ompA, blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-23-likegenes, we tested 80 random colonies from 10 WSP samples. All 80 were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii. Wastewater grab samples taken three times over 6 months throughout the WSP system showed removal of A. baumannii in the WSP at rates similar to that of Escherichia coli. Our study suggests that mCCDA agar is not a suitable medium for isolating Campylobacter from environmental samples and that A. baumannii can be used as an indicator for removal of pathogens in WSPs.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANISATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL READINESS ON ORGANISATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT THROUGH KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES
Authors: NAZARPOURI AMIR HOOSHANG , SEPAHVAND REZA , FELI RAZIEH
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organisational and technological readiness on organisational intelligence and the performance of customer relationship management through the knowledge management process. In terms of purpose, this study is an applied research which in respect to data collection is descriptive-causal and a quantitative research. The statistical population of the research was composed of senior managers of knowledge-based and technology-driven companies in Lorestan Province. The number of mentioned companies was 108, so the statistical society was considered to consist of 108 people (director generals). The sample size was estimated by using Cochran formula for specific societies as 85 persons, who were selected randomly. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire of which reliability and validity were confirmed by statistical tests. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (normality test, correlation test and Structural Equation Modeling test) were used as well as SPSS and SMART partial least squares (PLS) software programs. The results of the structural equation modelling test showed that technological readiness and organisational readiness have a positive and significant effect on the variable of the knowledge management process, and through this variable, they also indirectly affect the organisational intelligence and the performance of customer relationship management. The knowledge management process has a positive effect on two variables of organisational intelligence and the performance of customer relationship management, and it also indirectly affects the performance of customer relationship management via organisational intelligence. Finally, the results showed that organisational intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the performance of customer relationship management.
An anatomy workshop for improving anatomy self-efficacy and competency when transitioning into a problem-based learning, Doctor of Physical Therapy program
Authors: Bains Mona , Kaliski Debora Z.
Published: December 2019

First-year Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students entering a problem-based learning (PBL) program are faced with a number of pedagogical challenges, including the development of self-directed learning skills, resource unfamiliarity, and group dynamics. These challenges can make learning anatomy in a self-directed manner less efficient. Prematriculation introduction of strategies to improve anatomy learning may help prepare students for a rigorous DPT program and improve anatomy learning efficiency. The present study describes a 2-day anatomy workshop offered to incoming students before a DPT program was initiated. Knowledge acquired during both days of the workshop resulted in statistically significant improvements in anatomy postquiz scores for each corresponding prequiz ( P < 0.001 for lower and upper limb quizzes). Workshop participants survey responses demonstrated that anatomy confidence and PBL preparedness increased at distinct intervals following the workshop and was significantly higher than controls after the first semester ( P < 0.01 for anatomy confidence and PBL preparedness). Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated statistically significant relationships between semester anatomy practical scores and workshop participation ( P = 0.03 for practical 1 and P = 0.049 for practical 2) and undergraduate grade point average ( P < 0.001 for practical 1 and P = 0.03 for practical 2). First-year DPT students reported the anatomy workshop to be a valuable experience for learning strategies to improve anatomy self-efficacy. An introductory anatomy workshop is an effective strategy to improve self-directed anatomy learning efficiency before the start of a rigorous DPT program.
Potential Toxicity of the Essential Oil from Minthostachys mollis: A Medicinal Plant Commonly Used in the Traditional Andean Medicine in Peru
Authors: Rojas-Armas Juan Pedro , Arroyo-Acevedo Jorge Luis , Ortiz-Sánchez José Manuel , Palomino-Pacheco Miriam , Hilario-Vargas Hugo Jesus , Herrera-Calderón Oscar , Hilario-Vargas Julio
Published: December 2019

Medicinal plants are used throughout the world and the World Health Organization supports its use by recommending quality, safety and efficacy. Minthostachys mollis is distributed in the Andes of South America and is used by the population for various diseases. While studies have shown their pharmacological properties, the information about their safety is very limited. Then, the goal of this research was to determine the acute oral toxicity and in repeated doses during 28 days of Minthostachys mollis essential oil (Mm-EO) in rats. For the acute toxicity test two groups of rats, of three animals each, were used. Each group received Mm-EO in a single dose of 2000 or 300 mg/kg of body weight. For the repeated dose toxicity test, four groups of 10 rats each were used. Doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day were used, one group was control. With the single dose of Mm-EO of 2000 mg/kg of body weight, the three rats in the group showed immediate signs of toxicity and died between 36 and 72 hours. In the lung, inflammatory infiltrate was observed, predominantly lymphocytic with severe hemorrhage and presence of macrophages with hemosiderin. In the repeated dose study, male rats (5/5) and female rats (2/5) died at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day. The body weight of both male and female rats decreased significantly with doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. The serum levels of AST and ALT increased significantly and the histopathological study revealed chronic and acute inflammatory infiltrate in the lung; while in the liver was observed in 80% of the cases (24/30) mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate and in some of those cases there was vascular congestion and in one case cytoplasmic vacuolization. The Mm-EO presented moderate acute oral toxicity, while with repeated doses for 28 days; there was evidence of toxicity, in a dose-dependent manner, mainly at the hepatic level.
Establishment of Reference Norms for Lung Function Parameters of Healthy Sri Lankan Tamils
Authors: Sooriyakanthan Mathanki , Wimalasekera Savithri , Kanagasabai Sivapalan
Published: December 2019

Spirometry and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) are important measurements in diagnosing and monitoring of COPD and asthma. Ethnic specific reference equations are necessary in interpretation of these parameters. However, equations for Sri Lankan Tamil adults are not available. This study aims to establish reference equations for lung function parameters of Sri Lankan Tamils. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in all 5 districts of Northern Sri Lanka. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Base line data were obtained by a questionnaire. Height, sitting height, weight, arm span, mid arm circumference, and chest expansion were measured. Respiratory functions were assessed by a calibrated spirometer (Cosmed Micro Quark, Italy) and Wright compatible peak expiratory flow meter. Means, and standard deviations for Vital Capacity (VC), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1%, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and for other forced expiratory parameters of 775 males and 687 females were determined. Lung function parameters have significantp<0.05positive correlations with most of the anthropometric measures. Age had a significantp<0.05negative correlation with lung function parameters in adults >20 years and positive correlationp<0.05in 14–20 years group. Step wise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the prediction equations. Also equations based on age, height and age, arm span were derived. Age, height based equations were retested in the same population. Predicted values by the developed equations had better agreement than that of GLI 2012 equations. This can be useful in assessing the respiratory function in Sri Lankan Tamil population as there are no already existing equations.
Brain and Hepatic Glucose Utilization in Malarial Infection Does Not Depend on Cerebral Symptoms of the Disease
Authors: Ghosh Soumita , Sengupta Arjun , Sharma Shobhona , Sonawat Haripalsingh M.
Published: December 2019

Cerebral malaria causes several deaths every year. Global metabolic alteration, specifically hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis are hallmarks of severe malaria. Glucose being the major fuel source for the brain, it is important to understand cerebral glucose utilization in the host during cerebral complications of the disease that may have a significant role in cerebral pathogenesis. We have used13C NMR spectroscopy to understand glucose utilization in the brain and liver of mice with cerebral malaria (CM), noncerebral malaria (NCM), and in control mice. Animals were challenged with intravenous glucose bolus followed by metabolic profiling of brain and liver extracts. Our result suggests a differential glucose utilization in the malaria group with respect to that of controls, while no difference between CM and NCM.
Prediction of Oilfield‐Increased Production Using Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System with Smoothing Treatment
Authors: Chen Lin , Liu Zhibin , Ma Nannan , Wang Yi
Published: December 2019

A novel modified adaptive neurofuzzy inference system with smoothing treatment (MANFIS) is proposed. The MANFIS model considered the smoothing treatment of initial data basing on the adaptive neurofuzzy inference system, and we used it to predict oilfield‐increased production under the well stimulation. Numerical experiments show the prediction result of the novel considering smoothing treatment is better than that without smoothing treatment. This study provides a novel and feasible method for prediction of oilfield‐increased production under well stimulation, and it can be helpful in the further study of oilfield development measure planning.
Patient Characteristics in Ulnar Nerve Compression at the Elbow at a Tertiary Referral Hospital and Predictive Factors for Outcomes of Simple Decompression versus Subcutaneous Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve
Authors: Giöstad Alice , Nyman Erika
Published: December 2019

Patient characteristics and predictive factors for outcomes were analysed in 202 cases undergoing simple decompression, primary subcutaneous transposition, or secondary subcutaneous transposition for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow at a tertiary referral hospital. Data from medical charts and a survey were evaluated. The mean patient age was 49 years with revision surgery cases being significantly younger. Sixty-one percent of cases were female, and 31% were smokers. The comorbidity was extensive, including other nerve compression lesions as well as neck and shoulder problems. Overall, 53% reported being pleased with the result of surgery and 57% of the cases rated function as better or completely recovered after surgery. The median postoperative DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score was 26 (IQR 11–49), which is in accordance with unpublished national data. No significant differences in DASH scores were found between surgical groups, but a higher preoperative McGowan grade was significantly associated with a poorer postoperative DASH score. Women scored greater disability postoperatively than men. There was a significantly increased risk of complications, which was doubled for smokers, following primary and secondary transposition compared to simple decompression. Surgical cases with ulnar nerve compression treated at a tertiary referral hospital constitute a heterogeneous group with great comorbidity and frequent concomitant nerve compression lesions. We suggest simple decompression as the procedure of first choice. Transposition can be used in selected cases or when simple decompression fails. All patients should be strongly recommended to stop smoking considering the remarkably increased risk for complications among smokers.
Comparison of Toxic Metal Concentrations in Antidiabetic Herbal Preparations (ADHPs) Available in Bangladesh Using AAS and XRF Analytical Tools
Authors: Zamir Rausan , Islam Nazmul , Faruque Akhter
Published: December 2019

Widespread escalation of type 2 diabetes is a concern throughout the world. Developing countries are leading with patients suffering from diabetes-related complications. Plant-based therapeutic, antidiabetic herbal preparations (ADHPs) are being sought for long and the consumption is increasing in in Bangladesh. Plant-based antidiabetic preparations do not go through the screening procedure in terms of safety. Toxic metals in ADHPs have been investigated by two different methods: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Then, metal concentrations obtained by AAS and XRF were compared. A total of eleven ADHPs were subjected to nondestructive XRF analysis and destructive AAS analysis. Results from the two methods were analyzed statistically by Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), rxy. Pearson correlation coefficients were found to be −0.05, 0.94, and 1.00 for Mn, Cu, and Zn, respectively. Zn and Cu had significant strong positive correlation (rxy = 1.00 and 0.94, respectively); however, very weak negative correlation was observed in Mn (rxy = −0.05). The concentrations were regressed to observe the presence of linearity. Linear correlation was found for Zn and Cu which indicates a good agreement between AAS and XRF. However, very weak linear correlation in Mn indicates necessitating requirements for further investigation on getting scientific evidence of toxic metal assessment of the antidiabetic herbal preparations for searching and establishing instrumental agreement.
Evaluation of the Management of Patients with Detectable Viral Load after the Implementation of Routine Viral Load Monitoring in an Urban HIV Clinic in Uganda
Authors: Mark Nsumba Steven , Rachel Musomba , Kaimal Arvind , Frank Mubiru , Harriet Tibakabikoba , Isaac Lwanga , Lamorde Mohammed , Barbara Castelnuovo
Published: December 2019

Objective. To describe the clinical decisions taken for patients failing on treatment and possible implementation leakages within the monitoring cascade at a large urban HIV Centre in Kampala, Uganda. Methods. As per internal clinic guidelines, VL results >1,000 copies/ml are flagged by a quality assurance officer and sent to the requesting clinician. The clinician fills a “decision form” choosing: (1) refer for adherence counselling, (2) repeat VL after 3 months, and (3) switch to second line. We performed data extraction on a random sample of 100 patients with VL test >1,000 copies/ml between January and August 2015. For each patient, we described the action taken by the clinicians. Results. Of 6,438 patients with VL performed, 1,021 (16%) had >1,000 copies/ml. Of the 100 (10.1%) clinical files sampled, 61% were female, median age was 39 years (IQR: 32–47), 81% were on 1st-line ART, 19% on 2nd-line, median CD4 count was 249 cells/µL (IQR: 145–390), median log10 VL 4.42 (IQR: 3.98–4.92). Doctors’ decisions were; refer for adherence counseling 49%, repeat VL for 25%, and switch to second line for 24% patients. Forty-one percent were not managed according to the guidelines. Of these, 29 (70.7%) were still active in care, 7 were tracked [5 (12.2%) lost to program, 2 (4.9%) dead] and 5 patients were not tracked. Conclusion. Despite the implementation of internal systems to manage patients failing ART, we found substantial leakages in the monitoring “cascade”. Additional measures and stronger clinical supervision are needed to make every test count, and to ensure appropriate management of patients failing on ART.
Comparison of Changes in Plasma Volume and Renal Function between Acetazolamide and Conventional Diuretics: Understanding the Mechanical Differences according to the “Chloride Theory”
Authors: Kataoka Hajime
Published: December 2019

Objective: We compared the effects of the chloride-regaining diuretic acetazolamide with those of conventional diuretics on plasma volume, serum electrolytes, and renal function in acutely decompensated heart failure (HF) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 13 patients treated with acetazolamide (Group A) and 13 patients with conventional diuretics (Group B) matched based on diuresis-induced weight reduction (≥1 kg) during resolution of worsening HF. Changes in plasma volume (Strauss formula), renal function, and serum electrolytes under treatment were determined by peripheral blood tests. Results: Clinical characteristics at baseline were not different between groups A and B. After diuretic therapy, body weight reduction (–2.23 ± 1.11 vs. –2.22 ± 1.06 kg, p = 0.97) and the number of residual HF-related signs (0.31 ± 0.48 vs. 0.23 ± 0.44, p = 0.67) was not different between groups. After each treatment, the serum chloride concen­tration increased in Group A, but decreased in Group B (+5.31 ± 4.91 vs. – 4.54 ± 4.68 mEq/L, p < 0.0001). Plasma volume (0.63 ± 13.1 vs. –12.1 ± 10.5%, p < 0.01) and renal function determined by changes in serum creatinine concentration (0.048 ± 0.12 vs. 0.21 ± 0.24 mg/dL, p < 0.047) were preserved in Group A compared with Group B. Conclusions: While both groups exhibited equivalent body weight reduction and resolution of HF-related signs after each diuretic treatment, acetazolamide treatment preserved plasma volume and renal function compared to conventional diuretics.
Parasite Infections, Allergy and Asthma: A Role for Tropomyosin in Promoting Type 2 Immune Responses
Authors: Sousa-Santos Ana Carolina A.F. , Moreno Adriana S. , Santos Ana Beatriz R. , Barbosa Michelle C.R. , Aragon Davi C. , Sales Valeria S.F. , Arruda L. Karla
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The relationship of parasite infections and promotion or protection from allergy and asthma is controversial. Currently, over 1.5 billion people are infected with parasites worldwide, and Ascaris lumbricoides is the most frequent soil-transmitted helminth. Objectives: To evaluate the biological activity of recombinant A. lumbricoides tropomyosin and investigate IgE cross-reactive responses to tropomyosins by means of microarray methodology for the detection of sensitization to allergen components. Methods: Forty patients 12–75 years of age (25 males) with asthma and/or rhinitis and 10 nonallergic control subjects participated in this study. All patients presented positive skin tests to cockroach extracts and underwent skin prick testing (SPT) with recombinant (r) tropomyosins rPer a 7 from Periplaneta americana and rAsc l 3 from A. lumbricoides, at 10 μg/mL. IgE to cockroach and parasite tropomyosins were measured by chimeric ELISA and ImmunoCAP-ISAC, and total IgE was quantitated by ImmunoCAP. Agreement of results was assessed by κ statistics. Results: Recombinant A. lumbricoides showed biological activity, inducing positive skin tests in 50% patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. IgE to cockroach and parasite tropomyosins were detected in 55–62% of patients. There was good-to-excellent agreement of results of SPT and IgE measurements by ELISA and ImmunoCAP-ISAC, with κ indices of 0.66–0.95. No skin test reactivity or IgE antibodies to tropomyosins were found in nonallergic individuals. Conclusions: Our results suggest that IgE responses to tropomyosin from A. lumbricoides may enhance reactivity to homologous allergens upon exposure by inhalation or ingestion, promoting allergic reactions and asthma, or increasing the severity of these clinical conditions.
Mémoire discursive et pérégrinismes: viviers d'une variété de français ivoirien
Authors: Rabé Charles Liagro
Published: December 2019

La Côte d’Ivoire fait partie des pays francophones où le français, en tant que langue officielle, n’est conjugué à aucune langue nationale. Toutefois, au contact des langues nationales ivoiriennes, le français de référence sinon se métamorphose, du moins se scinde en variétés diverses. Ces dernières se caractérisent par de nombreux facteurs parmi lesquels les emprunts aux langues ivoiriennes, la création de mots hybrides, la création de nombreux synonymes, etc. La variété que nous étudions dans cette réflexion est celle qui se singularise d’abord par la resémantisation de certains termes du français qui deviennent alors polysémiques de sorte que le décryptage des énoncés qui les portent appelle que les co-énonciateurs aient en partage une certaine mémoire discursive, ensuite par l’ingestion d’items patrimoniaux interjectifs ouvrant la fenêtre à la glottophagie de la langue française non selon le concept de Jean-louis Calvet mais suivant la conception de Pierre N’da. Au moyen de la pragmatique lexiculturelle et à partir d’énoncés oraux divers et d’extraits de compositions musicales d’artistes ivoiriens, ce travail révèle les procédés linguistiques par lesquels la mémoire discursive et les pérégrinismes, vecteurs a-normatifs, enrichissent la langue française.
A proteção interamericana do direito humano e social à saúde
Authors: Maas Rosana Helena , Daroit Ana Paula
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar a proteção do direito humano e social à saúde tanto na legislação como na jurisprudência interamericanas, a fim de estabelecer os contornos desse direito no contexto interamericano de proteção aos direitos humanos. Nesse sentido, a problemática a ser enfrentada consiste em: como o direito à saúde é protegido pelo sistema interamericano de direitos humanos e na jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos? Para dar conta dessa tarefa, foram utilizados o método de abordagem dedutivo, o procedimento analítico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. A importância do presente estudo também está atrelada ao enfrentamento do tema da justiciabilidade dos direitos sociais, principalmente do direito à saúde, no âmbito da Corte Interamericana. Ao final, verificou-se que o direito à saúde recebe respaldo no artigo 26 da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, que trata do desenvolvimento progressivo dos direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais, permitindo sua justiciabilidade. Todavia, até 2018 não havia na jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana uma garantia do direito à saúde como um direito autônomo – o que somente ocorreu com o caso Poblete Vilches e outros versus Chile. Até então, o direito à saúde contava com uma proteção via direitos civis e políticos, ou seja, indireta.
O EGITO NA INTERFACE ENTRE O DIÁRIO DE DOM PEDRO II E OS JORNAIS “DIÁRIO DE MARANHÃO” E “DIÁRIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO” EM 1876 E 1877
Authors: Elgebaly Maged Talaat Mohamed Ahmed , Pinto Liliane Faria Corrêa
Published: December 2019

Este artigo analisa a história do imaginário do Egito e a técnica da “escrita de si” no “Diário de Dom Pedro II” na sua viagem a esse país entre 1876 e 1877, em interface com os jornais “Diário do Maranhão” e “Diário do Rio de Janeiro” na mesma época. As notícias dos jornais foram analisadas, colocando essas informações jornalísticas em diálogo com a textura literária e memorialista do “Diário de Dom Pedro II”, a partir do “mapeamento” dos lugares afetivos percorridos pelo monarca no seu “Diário”. As interpretações sociais, interdisciplinares e interculturais dessas informações podem abrir caminhos de diálogo e intercompreensão entre árabes, africanos e brasileiros no século XXI.
Impact of Baseline Glycemic Control on Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and High‐Risk Vascular Disease Treated With Statin Therapy
Authors: Menon Venu , Kumar Anirudh , Patel Divyang R. , St. John Julie , Wolski Kathy E. , McErlean Ellen , Riesmeyer Jeffrey S. , Weerakkody Govinda , Ruotolo Giacomo , Cremer Paul C. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Lincoff A. Michael , Nissen Steven E.
Published: December 2019

Background

The contemporary impact of glycemic control on patients with diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk remains unclear. We evaluated the utility of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a marker of risk on the composite end point of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, and coronary revascularization in an optimally treated population with diabetes mellitus and established coronary artery disease enrolled in the
ACCELERATE
(Assessment of Clinical Effects of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition With Evacetrapib in Patients at a High Risk for Vascular Outcomes) trial.

Methods and Results

We included all patients with established diabetes mellitus and measured HbA1c (N=8145) and estimated Kaplan‐Meier (KM) events rates, stratified by increasing baseline HbA1c levels censored at 30 months. We then performed a multivariable regression for the primary end point. Increasing baseline HbA1c was strongly associated with the occurrence of the primary end point (KM estimate, 12.6–18.2;
P
<0.001). Increasing baseline HbA1c was also associated with the triple end point of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke (KM estimate, 7.8–11.3;
P
=0.003) as well as the individual end points of nonfatal myocardial infarction (KM estimate, 3.1–7.0;
P
<0.001), hospitalization for unstable angina (KM estimate, 1.8–5.0;
P
=0.003), and revascularization (KM estimate, 7.3–11.1;
P
=0.001), although not stroke (KM estimate, 1.4–2.4;
P
=0.45). The rates of cardiovascular mortality (KM estimate, 2.6–4.3;
P
=0.21) and all‐cause mortality (
KM
estimate, 4.8–5.9;
P
=0.21) were similar regardless of baseline HbA1c levels. When adjusting for relevant baseline characteristics, baseline HbA1c was an independent predictor for the primary end point (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95%
CI
, 1.02–1.11;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

Glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, remains strongly and independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes in high‐risk patients with diabetes mellitus on statin therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01687998.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND CARBON EMISSION: SYSTEM GMM APPROACH
Authors: GÜVERCİN Deniz
Published: December 2019

The study examines empirically the nexus between financial development and carbon emission by giving particular emphasis the non-linear relations. To this purpose we used data for 52 countries over the period 2001-2014 and estimated the empirical model with system GMM method. The results indicate the validity of environmental Kuznets curve, and the positive significant effect of urban population and electric consumption on the carbon emission. Results indicate that there is U shaped relation between financial development and carbon emission indicating that at higher stages of financial development carbon emission increases by increasing rates. Moreover, the interaction variable between financial development and GDP per capita is positive significant.
Chardin’s Divine Milieu as Touchstone
Authors: Melfi Mary Ann
Published: December 2019

Chardin wrote The Divine Milieu in 1927 (published in 1957). Waugh could not have known Chardin’s essay before the publication of Brideshead Revisited, but he demonstrates similar ideas concerning one’s spiritual development. A primary goal of both writers was to reconcile the apparent duality of matter and spirit. They argue for the necessity of individual freedom in one’s spiritual search, the value of creative work of all kinds in building spiritual insight, and the importance of perceiving divine influence at the center of all things.
Dealing with Hate Speech
Authors: Ahn Ji-Hyun , Park Hyewon
Published: December 2019

Anti-Korean hate speech has become a serious social problem in recent years in Japan. In order to address the growing concern about the issue, Japan’s National Diet passed an anti-hate speech law in 2016. While some legal actions have been taken as a result and there has been some recent academic research into the social production of hate speech, relatively little effort has been made to investigate how the targeted group understands and deals with this form of hostility. Our aim here is to document the ways in which young Koreans who have been living in Japan for greater or lesser lengths of time perceive the rise in hate speech directed against them there and their strategies for coping with it. We explore these issues through an analysis of in-depth interviews with 14 young Koreans, for we seek to shift the focus of hate speech away from the “act” and toward its “targets.”
Temple Towns and Nation Building: Migrations of Babylonian Priestly Families in the Late Periods
Authors: Beaulieu Paul-Alain
Published: December 2019

This article surveys the Babylonian evidence from inter-city migration of priests and their families. The phenomenon is already attested during the Old Babylonian period and there are some indications that it continued under Kassite rule. However, most of the evidence comes from temple archives of the first millennium and is heavily concentrated during the long sixth century (ca. 626–484 BC). Although many studies have identified specific cases of priestly migrations, the phenomenon has not yet been assessed in its entirety. The article concludes that such migrations were far more common than previously thought. They were motivated primarily by political reasons such as imposing the cult of official deities in local sanctuaries, or the need to maintain a memory landscape of venerable cult centers.
Urukean Priests and the Neo-Babylonian State
Authors: Jursa Michael , Gordin Shai
Published: December 2019

The paper is constructed around a short micro-historical portrait of a priestly family active in Uruk in the sixth century BCE. This introduces two interrelated issues that the paper will subsequently discuss with a view towards a contextualization of the family in question: the interaction between the Neo-Babylonian state and priests outside the capital city, and the drive towards inter-temple interaction and standardization of procedures based on the model of Esangila, the Marduk temple in the capital.
Prebends and Prebendaries in Old Babylonian Nippur
Authors: Meinhold Wiebke
Published: December 2019

Office holders in Babylonian temples were provided with an income, a prebend, by the temples in return for their services. In the Old Babylonian period these prebendaries do not occur in ritual texts but are well attested in legal documents. The extensive evidence from Old Babylonian Nippur gives a rough impression of the tasks of these prebendaries and of their remuneration. Moreover, it sheds light on prebend-related economic transactions including inheritance, exchange, and purchase. The development of prebend prices, their suitability for financial investments, their appearance in inheritance divisions and the possession of prebends by women are also addressed.
Identity Through Appearance: Babylonian Priestly Clothing During the 1st Millennium BC
Authors: Quillien Louise
Published: December 2019

Through a study of Babylonian priestly clothing, one can see the social role and attitudes of priests in Babylonian cities, not only when they worship deities, but also in their daily lives. Information on priests’ clothing is rare in cuneiform texts. A Hellenistic ritual from Uruk gives interesting insights that one can compare with the data from the daily records from the Neo-Babylonian period. It appears that outside the temple, the priests wore “civil” clothes. Religious garments were kept in particular rooms of the temples, and their terminology is archaic and similar to the garments of the gods. During worship, each category of priest had its own specific dress identifying its status and its role in the rituals. These garments were sometimes adorned with motifs representing celestial symbols or protective deities.
The Denial of Oral Hearings by International Administrative Tribunals as a Factor for Lifting Organizational Immunity before European Courts
Authors: Treichl Clemens
Published: December 2019

Although formally provided for in particular statutes, certain international administrative tribunals continue to hold oral hearings—if at all—only on the rarest of occasions. With specific attention to the International Labour Organization Administrative Tribunal, the present paper aims 1) at recapitulating essential holdings of the European Court of Human Rights with regard to the right to access to a court in the context of employment-related claims against international organizations; and 2) at examining the relevance of oral hearings in the determination of proportionality of organizational immunity. The analysis shows that, in principle, the denial of oral hearings by international administrative tribunals results in the duty of states to afford individuals access to a court. In the realm of international law, a conflict with the obligation to grant immunity ensues. As yet, domestic courts have remained reluctant to overrule immunity on human rights grounds.
African Traditional Intellectual Property Rights, Customary Law, and Legal Pluralism
Authors: Lawal Arowolo Ayoyemi
Published: December 2019

Indeed, intellectual property rights are not new to traditional African communities. Traditional legal systems of protection in Africa such as customary law protected the rights of members of these communities. These systems of protection are still used. There are also practices of monopoly from the past regarding the use of some products of creative works. This paper examines the various ways in which traditional intellectual properties have been protected over the years which are similar in some ways to modern intellectual property rights. Thus, proposing that the adoption of a pluralistic protection mechanism (legal pluralism) for traditional intellectual properties could resolve legal issues related to them in Africa.
Laughing Sectarianism Away
Authors: Chamas Sophie
Published: December 2019

In this article, I examine the potential and shortcomings of political satire as a counter-discursive tool in Lebanon. I take the popular shows BBCHI and CHINN as objects of study, and discuss the ways in which these programs challenged narratives of Lebanon as an inherently sectarian society that can only function under the management of a sectarian political order. While drawing attention to their subversive intentions, I highlight the ways in which these shows reinforced the status quo through recourse to a problematic repertoire of jokes.
The Last Monument Standing
Authors: Ben Yakoub Joachim
Published: December 2019

During the latest uprising in Tunisia, the agitated crowd almost totally destroyed the autocratic monumental landscape. As the provocative ‘Anti-Clock Project’ by visual artist Nidhal Chamekh shows, the strongest element of this landscape was not destroyed; it still stands in the capital today and illustrates how the imbricated strata of the contemporary monumental landscape can be understood as an inherited palimpsest that reveals hegemonic assumptions about the prevailing politics of time. The monumental translation of the new era promoted by the contested Ben Ali regime paradoxically froze the idea that change would facilitate general progress, innovation, modernization and development and guarantee a better future. In this article, we argue that the Clock Tower and the civilization project it materializes, initiated by colonial occupation and upheld by the consecutive postcolonial regimes, does not necessarily warrant a better future. Rather, it continues to restrain political sensibilities in the present time, dismisses historical pasts and withholds alternative futures.
Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Catholicism(s) in the US
Authors: Johnson María Cecilia
Published: December 2019

Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART s) have proposed a new way of understanding notions of sexuality, reproduction, gestation, and family, and these transformations have arguably been a challenge in the religious field. This study aims to analyze the stances taken within the Catholic spectrum in the United States on ART s. Catholicism in the United States is an internally heterogeneous space, and different agents have taken diverse stances on ART s, with an impact on health care regulations, Catholic facilities administrations, and Catholics’ and non-Catholics’ reproductive rights. Drawing from a qualitative, interpretive, and documentary analysis of three organizations (the US Conference of catholic bishops, the Catholic Health Organization, and Catholics for Choice), this article proposes some guidelines to analyze and understand the arguments and strategies of various Catholics actors in the United States regarding reproductive healthcare and ART s in the United States.
Antebellum Palingenetic Ultranationalism: The Case for including the United States in Comparative Fascist Studies
Authors: Roel Reyes Stefan
Published: December 2019

This article examines how the Southern proslavery defense produced a distinctly proto-fascist ideology. Rather than comparing the Antebellum South to twentieth century racist regimes, this study compares Southern fascist thought to Germany’s nineteenth century Völkisch movement. The author uses Roger Griffin’s Palingenetic Ultranationalism to explore how the Antebellum South promoted an illiberal vision of modernity. The author argues that proto-fascists rejected liberalism, had a profound sense of social decay, and advanced a vision of a new man, new political structure, and a new temporality. The striking similarities between nineteenth and twentieth century fascist movements mandates that the Antebellum American South should be included in comparative fascist studies. The results of this study contextualize the comparisons made between American racism and fascism along with deepening our understanding of fascism’s protean qualities.
The Four Speeches Every Youth Leader Has to Know
Authors: Norheim Bård , Haga Joar
Published: December 2019

This article outlines a public rhetoric for youth ministry in an era of ecclesial agoraphobia. The article draws on the findings of a larger research project titled The Four Speeches Every Leader Has to Know. With the use of rhetorical theory, analysis of actual speeches, and a phenomenological and narrative approach to leadership and speaking, this research project has developed a four speeches-typology – the opening speech, the executioner speech, the consolation speech, and the farewell speech. The article uses this typology within the framework of a biblical rhetoric, looking at the speeches of Jesus, to analyse how the four speeches of Jesus may help the youth leader to address the transitory lives of young people in a credible way.
Regional Cooperation and Marine Environmental Protection in Southeast Asia Governance Models and Regional Particularities
Authors: Maggio Amber Rose
Published: December 2019

Southeast Asia is a region where regional cooperation for the protection of the marine environment faces some unique challenges. This paper explores the current regional cooperation landscape in this area and then draws on other regions (Arctic, Caribbean, Mediterranean and the Baltic) experience to seek out inspiration and possible best practices for Southeast Asia. Each region’s particularities mean there is no one blueprint for cooperation, but there are many relevant examples for Southeast Asia to draw on in any future attempts to strengthen and coordinate action to protect the marine environment. This paper will look to other regions to assist in evaluating the problems and potential of regional cooperation in Southeast Asia.
Maps of the Moon
Authors: Haddad Thomás A. S.
Published: December 2019

When does a depiction of the moon become a lunar map? This essay addresses this question from theoretical and historical standpoints. It is argued that moon maps are of crucial importance to the history of cartography, for they challenge established notions of what is a map, how it functions, what are its purposes, and what kind of power it embodies and performs. The work also shows how terrestrial cartography has shaped the history of lunar mapping since the seventeenth century, through visual and nomenclature conventions, the cultural currency of maps, mapmakers’ social standing, and data-gathering and projection practices. It further demonstrates that lunar cartography has also been organized by an internal principle that is born of the fundamental problem of how to create static map spaces capable of representing a referent that is constantly changing to our eyes, as is the visible face of the moon. It is suggested that moon maps may be classed on three broad categories, according to the kinds of solutions for this representational problem that have been devised over the last 400 years.
Maritime Boundary Delimitation by Conciliation
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi
Published: December 2019

The aim of this Agora contribution is to examine the role of conciliation in maritime delimitation by analysing the Timor-Leste/Australia conciliation. First, this contribution addresses the applicability of the compulsory conciliation procedures to the Timor Sea dispute. It then considers the role of the Timor-Leste/Australia Conciliation Commission in maritime delimitation and in resource governance, respectively. Next, it examines role of conciliation in maritime delimitation by comparing the Timor-Leste/Australia conciliation to the Iceland/Jan Mayen conciliation. Finally, it reveals that the Timor-Leste/Australia Conciliation Commission significantly influenced the establishment of maritime boundaries in the Timor Sea.