bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Cross‐Coupling Enables Csp3−C Bond Formation by C−H Homolytic Cleavage: New Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Gkizis Petros L.
Published: November 2022

Over the past decade with the relaunch of photochemistry, photochemical cross‐coupling reactions became an excellent tool for the formation of C−C bond under mild reaction conditions. C(sp3)−H functionalization of inert substrates, combined with modern transition metal catalysis, provides a powerful tool in organic synthesis. A variety of elegant strategies to initiate a HAT event have been developed, generating alkyl radicals that can be easily intersected with a metal. This review conceptualizes the recent developments in this area, linking them with the seminal contributions that pioneered this research field.
Efficient inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite indoor photovoltaics demonstrated via slower crystallization by incorporated dimethylammonium iodide
Authors: Choi Seongyun , Lee Hyong Joon , Heo Jin Hyuck , Im Sang Hyuk
Published: November 2022

Although inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite has an ideal bandgap for indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), its poor solubility causes rapid crystallization during spin‐coating process and deteriorates the performance of IPVs. Here, efficient CsPbI2Br IPVs are demonstrated through slower crystallization by introduction of dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI), which has better solubility in perovskite solvent compared to the inorganic CsPbI2Br and is easily eliminated by thermal‐annealing. Consequently, the incorporation of DMAI results in the CsPbI2Br film with enlarged crystal grains with reduced interface traps. In addition, the incorporated DMAI orients preferentially the CsPbI2Br crystals to expose (110) facet. Through controlling the amount of incorporated DMAI, eventually the CsPbI2Br IPVs with 35.22% (0.096 cm2), 35.08% (1 cm2), and 29.80% (25 cm2) of power conversion efficiency under illumination of 1000 lux light‐emitting diode lamp are achieved. The unencapsulated device has good long‐term stability under 1000 lux lamp for 1000 h.

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Wood predictors in neotropical streams: Assessing the effects of regional and local controls in Amazon and Cerrado catchments
Authors: de Oliveira Saraiva Sarah , Kaufmann Philip Robert , Rutherfurd Ian , Gontijo Leal Cecília , Pereira Leitão Rafael , Rodrigues Macedo Diego , Santos Pompeu Paulo
Published: November 2022

Large wood plays a critical role providing complex habitat structure in rivers and streams. The instream wood regime consists of wood recruitment, transport, retention, and decay in river corridors. In tropical streams, transport and decay are thought to be the dominant influences on the amount of instream wood stored, and these are driven by upstream forest cover, as well as catchment hydroclimatic and geomorphic characteristics. Lack of studies of the tropical wood regime leave many uncertainties. Notably, the wood regimes in the neotropical Amazon and Cerrado biomes are not known, and rapidly changing land use threatens efforts to understand their natural wood regime. We investigated predictors of instream wood in catchments of the Amazon and Cerrado subject to a wide range of agricultural land use to identify the critical factors controlling wood recruitment and load. Using the structural equation modelling technique, we disentangled the complex net of regional and local controls. Contrary to our expectations, local drivers—such as the relation between the piece size and channel dimensions, discharge, stream power, and riparian forest—were the most important predictors of instream wood. The amounts of wood found in these streams were primarily the result of the wood delivered by the local riparian forest and how much of that wood remains trapped. Therefore, the preservation of the forested riparian zones in Amazon and Cerrado streams is crucial for maintaining the sources of wood as well as the channel morphology capable of trapping and retaining instream wood. Further research should compare reference and disturbed streams to quantify the influence of anthropogenic activities on instream wood and its primary influences. This information would facilitate assessing the extent of human alteration and developing mitigating measures to arrest or reverse changes that reduce instream wood and degrade aquatic and riparian habitat in neotropical rivers and streams.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of 4‐Methyl‐2‐(2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐2‐yl)benzoic Acid – A Key Fragment of Single Orexin Receptor Antagonist ACT‐539313 – through Cu2O‐Catalyzed, Ligand‐Free Ullmann–Goldberg Coupling
Authors: Fleischer Tony , Schäfer Gabriel
Published: November 2022

A vastly improved 2nd generation process for the large scale manufacturing of 4‐methyl‐2‐(2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐2‐yl)benzoic acid (1) through an Ullmann–Goldberg coupling from 2‐bromo‐4‐methylbenzoic acid and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole has been developed. The new process features several key process improvements compared to the original process: 1) MeCN was found as new reaction solvent, replacing the previously used undesired 1,4‐dioxane, 2) the CuI/DMCHDA catalyst system was successfully replaced by inexpensive Cu2O in the absence of any ligand, 3) the amounts of 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole and K2CO3 were both drastically decreased compared to the original route, 4) the potassium salt of the desired N2‐isomer directly crystallized from the reaction mixture and was isolated by filtration. The more soluble, undesired N1‐isomer potassium salt was purged into the mother liquor. 5) After dissolution of the N2‐isomer potassium salt in H2O and acidification with aq. HCl, the free carboxylic acid 1 crystallized as a white, crystalline solid in 61 % yield (200 g scale) and excellent HPLC purity (99.8 % a/a).
Risk of nonovarian cancer in a nationwide‐based study of nearly 5000 women with borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark
Authors: Hannibal Charlotte G. , Baandrup Louise , Hertzum‐Larsen Rasmus , Vang Russell , Kurman Robert J. , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kjaer Susanne Krüger
Published: November 2022

Evidence regarding cancer risk after borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) is limited. We conducted a nationwide cohort study examining the incidence of nonovarian cancers in women with serous or mucinous BOTs compared with the general female population with up to 41 years of follow‐up. Through the nationwide Pathology Registry, we identified nearly 5000 women with BOTs (2506 serous and 2493 mucinous) in Denmark, 1978 to 2018. We computed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as relative risk estimates of specific nonovarian cancers. Compared with general female population rates, women with serous BOTs had increased rates of particularly malignant melanoma (SIR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3‐2.6), thyroid cancer (SIR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4‐5.4) and myeloid leukemia (SIR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5‐5.8), and women with mucinous BOTs had elevated rates of lung cancer (SIR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3‐2.1), pancreatic cancer (SIR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2‐2.9) and myeloid leukemia (SIR = 2.3; 95% CI: 0.9‐4.7). We found no convincing association with neither breast nor colorectal cancer in women with BOTs. This is the first large nationwide study showing that women with specific types of BOTs have increased risks of several nonovarian cancers, likely due to some shared risk factors or genetic characteristics.
Evidence for exposure biomarkers in dictamnine‐induced liver injury resulting from metabolic activation in vitro and in mice
Authors: Li Zhuo‐Qing , Zhang Cai , Fan Song , Wang Ling‐Li , Jiang Yan , Li Hui‐Jun
Published: November 2022

Dictamnine (DTN), a furoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Dictamni Cortex, is responsible for the liver injury caused by Dictamni Cortex and the preparations. Discovering new biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis and tracing the source of DTN‐induced liver injury is urgently needed. Considering that metabolic activation of DTN has been suggested as a primary trigger initiating hepatotoxicity, the present study aimed to investigate the bio‐activation process of DTN in vitro and in mice and to explore whether the adducts could be developed as exposure biomarkers. When trapping with N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) in mouse liver microsomes and CYP3A4 overexpressed L02 cells, two isomers of DTN‐NAC adducts were detected in both systems and one DTN‐GSH adduct was found in mouse liver microsomes. As expected, one DTN‐NAC adduct was also found in plasma and bile of mice with liver injury after DTN exposure. Moreover, mouse liver microsomes were used to simulate the conjugation of serum albumin with metabolically activated DTN. The sole modified peptide 25DAHKSEVAHR34 was found, and the oxidative metabolites of DTN might bind to the side chain amino of albumin at Arg34. The above findings not only provided confirmative evidence that DTN was metabolically activated to induce liver injury but also suggested that the adducts had the potential to be developed as exposure biomarkers of DTN‐induced liver injury.
Hamilton‐connected {claw,net}‐free graphs, II
Authors: Liu Xia , Ryjáček Zdeněk , Vrána Petr , Xiong Liming , Yang Xiaojing
Published: November 2022

In the first one in this series of two papers, we have proved that every 3‐connected ‐free graph is Hamilton‐connected. In this paper, we continue in this direction by proving that every 3‐connected ‐free graph, where , is Hamilton‐connected (where is the graph obtained by attaching endvertices of three paths of lengths to a triangle). This together with a previous result of other authors completes the characterization of forbidden induced generalized nets implying Hamilton‐connectedness of a 3‐connected claw‐free graph. We also discuss remaining open cases in a full characterization of connected graphs such that every 3‐connected ‐free graph is Hamilton‐connected.
The association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and the prevalence of herpes simplex virus
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Wu Yinlian , Wang Mingfang , Lin Su
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have reported a potential anti‐infection effect for vitamin D. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and infection with HSV types 1 and 2 (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2). Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016. The association between 25(OH)D and HSV prevalence was evaluated using propensity score matching (PSM) and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Overall, 14 174 participants were included in the final analysis. Before PSM, 8639 (60.9%) had positive HSV‐1 and 2636 (18.6%) had HSV‐2. The HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 positive groups had more females and older individuals (p < 0.05). The HSV‐2 patients had lower 25(OH)D levels than those with HSV‐1. Age and gender did not differ in the groups after PSM (p > 0.05). The 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 groups than in the non‐HSV infection groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that serum 25(OH)D level was negatively associated with HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.730 and 0.691, p < 0.001, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for both HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 (adjusted OR = 2.205 and 2.704, p < 0.001, respectively). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels correlated significantly with increased HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 infection risk.
Facile Synthesis of Zinc‐Containing Mesoporous Silicate from Iron Tailings and Enhanced Fire Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Yang Yadong , Yang Sujie , Jiang Shudong , Liu Mengru , Liu Xiuyu , Tang Gang , Cai Ren , Tan Weihong
Published: November 2022

Iron tailings (ITS), as solid decay absolved afterward beneficiation, are adverse to the environment. ITS to prepare zinc‐containing mesoporous silicate (MAO‐Zn) by a calcination‐crystallization method are used. An admixture of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and MAO‐Zn can solve the problem of poor flame retardancy in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), giving them higher thermal stability and lower heat release. The total heat release rate and smoke factor values exhibited by RPUF‐3 are 24.52 MJ m−2 and 234.29 MW m−2 respectively, a decrease of 38.45% and 29.60% respectively compared to pure RPUF. Lower combustible and toxic gas release intensities are in RPUF‐3. Meanwhile, RPUF‐3 possesses enhanced compactness char residue with higher graphitization degree, endowing RPUF‐3 with excellent fire observed performance. This work demonstrates the potential of ITS in the fire retardancy field.
Compound heterozygous loss‐of‐function variants in BRAT1 cause lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome
Authors: Li Shan , Yu Shunan , Zhang Yanzhuo , Wang Ying , Jiang Xu , Wu Chengai
Published: November 2022

Background

Lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome (RMFSL, OMIM 614498) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the onset of rigidity and intractable seizures at or soon after birth. The BRAT1 has been identified to be the disease‐causing gene for RMFSL. This study aimed to determine the underlying pathogenic mutations of a Chinese family with RMFSL and to confirm the effect of the splice‐site mutation by reverse transcription analysis.

Methods

Detailed family history and clinical data were recorded, and peripheral blood samples were collected from all available family members. Whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to investigate the causative variants. The impact of the intronic variant on splicing was subsequently analyzed by RT‐PCR analysis.

Results

We identified two compound heterozygous variants in the BRAT1, c.431‐2A>G in intron 3 and c.1359_1361del(p.Leu454del) in exon 9 in the proband, one inherited from each parent. Furthermore, the 3′‐splice site acceptor (c.431‐2A>G) variant was found to activate a cryptic acceptor splice site, which resulted in the loss of 29 nucleotides and generation of a premature stop codon at code 180, producing a truncated BRAT1 (c.432_460del; p.Ala145Argfs*36).

Conclusions

This research identified two mutations in the BRAT1 of one Chinese family with RMFSL. These data can aid in developing clinical diagnoses as well as providing genetic counseling and prenatal interventions to the family. These findings also expand our knowledge of the spectrum of BRAT1 pathogenic variants in RMFSL syndrome.
The FADS1 rs174550 Genotype Modifies the n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA and Lipid Mediator Responses to a High Alpha‐Linolenic Acid and High Linoleic Acid Diets
Authors: Meuronen Topi , Lankinen Maria A. , Kolmert Johan , de Mello Vanessa Derenji , Sallinen Taisa , Ågren Jyrki , Virtanen Kirsi A. , Laakso Markku , Wheelock Craig E. , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Schwab Ursula
Published: November 2022

Scope

The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, which is associated with biomarkers and risk of non‐communicable diseases, is regulated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and variants of fatty acid desaturase (FADS). We investigated the interactions between dietary PUFAs and FADS1 rs174550 variant.

Methods and results

Participants (n = 118), homozygous for FADS1 rs174550 variant (TT and CC) followed a high alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA, 5 percent of energy (E‐%)) or a high linoleic acid (LA, 10 E‐%) diet during an 8‐week randomized controlled intervention. Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids and PUFA‐derived lipid mediators were quantified by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. The high‐LA diet increased the concentration of plasma LA, but not its lipid mediators. The concentration of plasma arachidonic acid decreased in carriers of CC and remained unchanged in the TT genotype. The high‐ALA diet increased the concentration of plasma ALA and its cytochrome P450‐derived epoxides and dihydroxys, and cyclooxygenase‐derived monohydroxys. Concentrations of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and its mono‐ and dihydroxys increased only in TT genotype carriers.

Conclusions

These findings suggest the potential for genotype‐based recommendations for PUFA consumption, resulting in modulation of bioactive lipid mediators which can exert beneficial effects in maintaining health.
Frequency discrimination based on the different number of peaks in envelope detection of two‐tone continuous‐wave radar systems
Authors: Sim Jae Young , Yang Jong‐Ryul
Published: November 2022

This study proposed a method for distinguishing the baseband signal for each frequency in two‐tone radar systems using the difference in the number of peaks of the envelope detected signal. The proposed method is based on the characteristic that the baseband signal for each frequency exhibits a different number of peaks, depending on the operating frequency, at a fixed sampling frequency in data acquisition. The phase difference between the transmitting and receiving signals for each frequency can be obtained using envelope detection of the baseband signals in two‐tone radar systems, and the proposed method can effectively match the phase difference and operating frequency without using additional controls and synchronization. This simplifies the procedure to estimate the absolute range up to the maximum unambiguous range, corresponding to a phase difference of 2π. Measurement results demonstrate that the absolute range, using a two‐tone radar with a frequency spacing of 150 MHz, can detect the distance with an accuracy of 97.8% up to the maximum unambiguous range using the proposed method.
Design and fabrication of rudimentary shaped and effective 1 × 2 printed MIMO antenna using low profile material for WLAN and satellite applications
Authors: Vala Kaushal , Hadia Sarman K.
Published: November 2022

The presented article represents the rudimentary‐shaped effective 1 × 2 MIMO antenna structure. The five variation types in the ground region shape are analyzed. The structure's total dimensions are 40 × 36 × 1.6 mm3. For efficiently manufacturing, the low‐profile substrate FR4 is employed, and the reflectance response of a simulated and modelled design is compared. The placement of two T‐shaped slits in the ground area aids in achieving a wider bandwidth, multiband response, excellent Gain, and directivity. Overall, the PW:4 has a minimum reflectance coefficient of −34.54 dB, a broad bandwidth of 3.38 GHz, a peak gain of 13.02 dB, maximum narrow band isolation of 62 dB, and a maximum normalized directivity of 156°. The Envelop Correlation Coefficient, Channel Capacity Loss, Total Active Reflection Coefficient, and Diversity Gain for MIMO design are also examined. These findings indicate the provided design's behavior as per the standard requirements.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled pilot study of immunoglobulin for small fiber neuropathy associated with TS‐HDS and FGFR‐3 autoantibodies
Authors: Gibbons Christopher H. , Rajan Sharika , Senechal Katherine , Hendry Erin , McCallister Brady , Levine Todd D.
Published: November 2022

Introduction/Aims

Small fiber neuropathies (SFN) have been associated with two autoantibodies, trisulfated heparin disaccharide (TS‐HDS) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR‐3), and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) has been suggested as a potential therapy. The study objective is to determine the efficacy of IVIG on nerve density, pain and neurologic examinations in patients with SFN associated with TS‐HDS and FGFR‐3 autoantibodies.

Methods

This was a double‐blind placebo‐controlled pilot study. Subjects with SFN confirmed by history, examination, and skin biopsy with elevated autoantibodies to TS‐HDS and/or FGFR‐3 received IVIG (or blinded placebo) 2 grams/kg followed by 1 gram/kg every 3 wk for a total of 6 treatments. All subjects had Utah Early Neuropathy Scores (UENS), questionnaires and skin biopsies with quantitation of intra‐epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) taken from adjacent sites at the distal leg at baseline and 6 mo later. The primary outcome was the change in IENFD over 6 mo.

Results

Twenty subjects were enrolled; 17 completed treatment (8 IVIG, 9 placebo). Three did not have final data due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Skin biopsy IENFD improved by 0.5 ± 0.8 fibers/mm in the placebo group and improved by 0.6 ± 0.6 fibers/mm in the IVIG‐treated group (p = NS).Over 24 wk the change in pain scores (11 point pain scale) was −1.9 ± 2.6 in the placebo group, and − 1.7 ± 0.9 in the IVIG group (p = NS), the UENS improved by 3.0 ± 5.8 in the placebo group and improved by 1.8 ± 3.9 in the IVIG group (p = NS).

Discussion

This pilot study did not detect a benefit of treatment with IVIG in patients with SFN and autoantibodies to TS‐HDS and FGFR‐3.
The Effect of Harvest Regulations on White Crappie Fisheries in Kansas Impoundments
Authors: Miazga James R. , Klein Zachary B. , Koch Jeff D. , Neely Ben C.
Published: November 2022

Crappie Pomoxis spp. (White Crappie P. annularis and Black Crappie P. nigromaculatus) support important harvest-oriented fisheries throughout the United States. However, effects of harvest regulations vary among crappie populations and fisheries managers have little guidance for selecting the most appropriate regulatory scenario given the diversity of crappie populations throughout their distribution. In an effort to guide successful implementation of White Crappie harvest regulations, we evaluated the influence of daily creel limits and minimum length limits (MLLs) on White Crappie fisheries from a diverse suite of Kansas impoundments. White Crappie populations were sampled from 39 impoundments in 2019 and 2020, and a subsample was sacrificed for age and growth estimation. Creel data from 22 impoundments were used to estimate percent reduction in harvest when daily creel limits ranged from liberal (50 fish/d) to more restrictive (5 fish/d). Equilibrium yield models were used to evaluate the effects of various MLL regulations (203, 254, and 305 mm) on yield, the number of White Crappie harvested, and the number reaching memorable length (300 mm). Our results suggest that daily creel limits would need to be less than 10 crappie/d to reduce harvest by more than 25%. In general, the 254-mm MLL was the most effective harvest regulation for improving yield when the growth rate was above average, conditional natural mortality was low, and exploitation was at least moderate—factors commonly associated with populations in large impoundments in this study. In populations characterized by slow growth, liberal daily creel limits (50 fish/d) may be best suited to maximize yield. Overall, our results provide a framework for fisheries managers to make informed decisions regarding implementation of harvest regulations for crappie in impoundments throughout the Central Plains region.
Structural design and impact resistance of three‐dimensional structure‐reinforced flexible polymer composites
Authors: Li Xiangmian , Zhang Xingteng , Yan Ruosi , Jia Lixia
Published: November 2022

Three‐dimensional (3D) structure‐reinforced flexible polymer composites have great potential as personal protective materials. These composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties and failure mechanisms than typical rigid composites because of the complex dynamic reaction processes caused by the 3D structure in response to impact. This paper comprehensively reviews the impact resistance mechanism of 3D structure‐reinforced flexible polymer composites by combining current results with relevant investigations. 3D woven fabric reinforcements and flexible matrix materials of flexible polymer composites systems are presented in this paper. The classification for 3D woven fabric reinforcements is reviewed, as well as the effect of reinforcement structures on the impact resistance of the flexible composites. Furthermore, several flexible matrix are introduced. Several external factors affecting the impact resistance of composites are then discussed. Finally, the impact damage mechanism of 3D structure‐reinforced flexible polymer composites is summarized and analyzed.
Stromal transdifferentiation drives lipomatosis and induces extensive vascular remodeling in the aging human lymph node
Authors: Bekkhus Tove , Olofsson Anna , Sun Ying , Magnusson Peetra U , Ulvmar Maria H
Published: November 2022

Lymph node (LN) lipomatosis is a common but rarely discussed phenomenon associated with aging that involves a gradual exchange of the LN parenchyma into adipose tissue. The mechanisms behind these changes and the effects on the LN are unknown. We show that LN lipomatosis starts in the medullary regions of the human LN and link the initiation of lipomatosis to transdifferentiation of LN fibroblasts into adipocytes. The latter is associated with a downregulation of lymphotoxin beta expression. We also show that isolated medullary and CD34+ fibroblasts, in contrast to the reticular cells of the T‐cell zone, display an inherently higher sensitivity for adipogenesis. Progression of lipomatosis leads to a gradual loss of the medullary lymphatic network, but at later stages, collecting‐like lymphatic vessels are found inside the adipose tissue. The stromal dysregulation includes a dramatic remodeling and dilation of the high endothelial venules associated with reduced density of naïve T‐cells. Abnormal clustering of plasma cells is also observed. Thus, LN lipomatosis causes widespread stromal dysfunction with consequences for the immune contexture of the human LN. Our data warrant an increased awareness of LN lipomatosis as a factor contributing to decreased immune functions in the elderly and in disease. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
BepiPred‐3.0: Improved B‐cell epitope prediction using protein language models
Authors: Clifford Joakim Nøddeskov , Høie Magnus Haraldson , Deleuran Sebastian , Peters Bjoern , Nielsen Morten , Marcatili Paolo
Published: November 2022

B‐cell epitope prediction tools are of great medical and commercial interest due to their practical applications in vaccine development and disease diagnostics. The introduction of protein language models (LMs), trained on unprecedented large datasets of protein sequences and structures, tap into a powerful numeric representation that can be exploited to accurately predict local and global protein structural features from amino acid sequences only. In this paper, we present BepiPred‐3.0, a sequence‐based epitope prediction tool that, by exploiting LM embeddings, greatly improves the prediction accuracy for both linear and conformational epitope prediction on several independent test sets. Furthermore, by carefully selecting additional input variables and epitope residue annotation strategy, performance was further improved, thus achieving unprecedented predictive power. Our tool can predict epitopes across hundreds of sequences in minutes. It is freely available as a web server and a standalone package at https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php?BepiPred-3.0 with a user‐friendly interface to navigate the results.
Incorporation of noninvasive assessments in risk prediction for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Quan Ruilin , Chen Xiaoxi , Yang Tao , Li Wen , Qian Yuling , Lin Yangyi , Xiong Changming , Shan Guangliang , Gu Qing , He Jianguo
Published: November 2022

Risk assessment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) utilizing noninvasive prognostic variables could be more practical in real‐world scenarios, especially at follow‐up reevaluations. Patients who underwent comprehensive evaluations both at baseline and at follow‐up visits were enrolled. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Predictive variables identified by Cox analyses were further incorporated with the French noninvasive risk prediction approach. A total of 580 PAH patients were enrolled. During a median follow‐up time of 47.0 months, 112 patients (19.3%) died. By multivariate Cox analyses, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), TAPSE/pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), and cardiopulmonary exercise testing‐derived peak oxygen consumption (VO2) remained independent predictors for survival. Regarding the French noninvasive risk prediction method, substituting N‐terminal pro‐b‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) with the newly derived low‐risk criteria of a TAPSE ≥ 17 mm or a TAPSE/PASP > 0.17 mm/mmHg, or alternating 6‐min walking distance with a peak VO2 ≥ 44 %predicted retained the discrimination power. When recombining the low‐risk criteria, the combination of World Health Organization functional class (WHO FC), TAPSE and peak VO2 at baseline, and the combination of WHO FC, NT‐proBNP, and peak VO2 at follow‐up showed better discriminative ability than the other combinations. In conclusion, Peak VO2, TAPSE, and TAPSE/PASP are significant prognostic predictors for survival in PAH, with incremental prognostic value when incorporated with the French noninvasive risk prediction approach, especially at reevaluations. For better risk prediction, WHO FC, at least one measurement of exercise capacity and one measurement of right ventricular function should be considered.
Kirchhoff index and complexity of linear Möbius and cylinder octagonal‐quadrilateral networks with respect to Laplacians
Authors: Fang Lu‐Lu , Liu Jia‐Bao , Zheng Qian , Peng Xin‐Bei
Published: November 2022

Let represent a linear octagonal‐quadrilateral network, consisting of n eight‐member rings and n four‐member rings. Such a graph contains a unique pair of opposite edges. The Möbius graph Qn(8, 4) is constructed by reverse identifying these opposite edges, whereas the cylinder graph Qn′(8, 4) identifies the opposite edges in the natural manner. In this paper, the explicit formulas for the Kirchhoff index and complexity of Qn(8, 4) and Qn′(8, 4) are deduced from Laplacian characteristic polynomials using to decomposition theorem and Vieta's theorem. A consequence is the surprising fact that the Kirchhoff index of Qn(8, 4) (resp. Qn′(8, 4)) is approximately a third (resp. half) of its Wiener index as .
Distributed adaptive practical formation tracking for multi‐agent systems with actuator faults
Authors: Wu Yanming , Li Junlin , Liu Lei , Wu Chenchen
Published: November 2022

This paper mainly studies the practical fault tolerant formation tracking for multi‐agent systems under directed topology. The objective is to achieve the desired formation in the spatial positions and track the reference signal generated by one and multiple leaders. Considering that the real state information is unavailable, the distributed observer is proposed using the relative information of neighborhood agents, where the observer gain calculation is not constrained by the number of agents. With the adaptive updating mechanism, two effective distributed fault‐tolerant formation tracking protocols are proposed and the feasible condition of time‐varying formation is introduced. Furthermore, based on the proposed control protocol, the formation tracking errors and other signals converge to bounded region around the origin. Towards the end, three simulations are considered to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Cooler, bigger; warmer, smaller: Fine‐scale thermal heterogeneity maps age class and species distribution in behaviourally thermoregulating salmonids
Authors: Morgan Alexander M. , O'Sullivan Antóin M.
Published: November 2022

Behavioural thermoregulation is a survival strategy that occurs in response to an exceedance of thermal stress‐inducing thresholds. When salmonids experience exceedance of these thresholds, they seek regions of colder water, known as thermal refuges. During an extreme temperature event of summer 2021 (main stem ~31.5°C) a large aggregation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar—all age classes) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis—>20 cm) was observed on the Little Southwest Miramichi River in New Brunswick, Canada. Using a drone‐mounted thermal infrared (TIR) sensor, fine‐scale TIR imagery of the occupied refuge was acquired. Polarized glasses were worn by an onshore observer to make visual observations. Constructing maps from these data we examined the spatial distribution of fish, and the corresponding temperature of the areas they occupied. Salmonids were found to be distributed by age class and species, with the distribution driven by the mosaic of temperatures in the refuge. Young of the year (YOY), 1+, 2+ and adult Atlantic salmon occupied areas with average temperatures ~30.1, 28.8, 25.7 and 21.9°C, respectively; whilst mature brook trout occupied areas ~21.8°C. Noteworthy is the observation of thermally aggregating young of the year Atlantic salmon, and the range in temperatures they occupied (~8°C). One isolated, shallow, cold water patch (~22°C) exclusively held YOY Atlantic salmon. Our findings highlight the importance of several different thermal characteristics of thermal refuges and their link to salmonid occupancy and can aid the design of ecologically meaningful thermal refuge augmentation/restoration projects.
Hamiltonicity of graphs perturbed by a random regular graph
Authors: Espuny Díaz Alberto , Girão António
Published: November 2022

We study Hamiltonicity and pancyclicity in the graph obtained as the union of a deterministic ‐vertex graph with and a random ‐regular graph , for . When is a random 2‐regular graph, we prove that a.a.s.  is pancyclic for all , and also extend our result to a range of sublinear degrees. When is a random 1‐regular graph, we prove that a.a.s.  is pancyclic for all , and this result is best possible. Furthermore, we show that this bound on is only needed when is “far” from containing a perfect matching, as otherwise we can show results analogous to those for random 2‐regular graphs. Our proofs provide polynomial‐time algorithms to find cycles of any length.
Nail Involvement in Patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pastrana-Arellano Elena , Morales-Olvera Diana , García-Romero María T.
Published: November 2022

Background

Nail changes in patients with congenital epidermolysis bullosa (EB) are caused by abnormalities of the nail matrix and bed secondary to pathogenic alterations of the dermoepidermal junction. Even though ungual alterations are extremely frequent in these patients, there are scarce studies about their frequency and/or association with subtypes or clinical course of EB.

Objectives

To systematically review nail abnormalities in patients with EB reported in the literature.

Methods

We searched all published articles in electronic databases until June 2020 reporting patients with EB with detailed descriptions of malformed/diseased nails using specific terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Clinical data were extracted by two independent authors. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results

We included 36 articles reporting 74 individual patients with a mean age of 28.23 years: 29 (39.2%) had dominant dystrophic EB, 27 (36.4%) had junctional EB, 8 (10.8%) had EB simplex, 6 (8.1%) had Kindler syndrome and 4 (5.4%) had recessive dystrophic EB. The most common abnormalities were dystrophic nails (48.6%), anonychia (43.2%) and pachyonychia (40.5%). Anonychia was considered the most severe abnormality and was reported more frequently in patients with junctional (62.9%) and recessive dystrophic EB (50%). Multiple organ involvement was present in 52.7% of patients. Patients with severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa and recessive dominant epidermolysis bullosa presented anonychia since birth.

Conclusions

In this summary of nail abnormalities in patients with EB, anonychia was more frequent in patients with severe EB subtypes and multiple organ involvement. Further prospective studies are required to understand the associations between nail abnormalities in specific EB subtypes and/or patient outcomes.
Cascade Immune Activation of Self‐Delivery Biomedicine for Photodynamic Immunotherapy Against Metastatic Tumor
Authors: Zheng Rong‐Rong , Zhao Lin‐Ping , Yang Ni , Chen Zu‐Xiao , Kong Ren‐Jiang , Huang Chu‐Yu , Rao Xiao‐Na , Chen Xin , Cheng Hong , Li Shi‐Ying
Published: November 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause cell apoptosis and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to activate immune response, becoming a promising antitumor modality. However, the overexpressions of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells would reduce cytotoxic T cells infiltration and inhibit the immune activation. In this paper, a simple but effective nanosystem is developed to solve these issues for enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy. Specifically, it has been constructed a self‐delivery biomedicine (CeNB) based on photosensitizer chlorine e6 (Ce6), IDO inhibitor (NLG919), and PD1/PDL1 blocker (BMS‐1) without the need for extra excipients. Of note, CeNB possesses fairly high drug content (nearly 100%), favorable stability, and uniform morphology. More importantly, CeNB‐mediated IDO inhibition and PD1/PDL1 blockade greatly improve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments to promote immune activation. The PDT of CeNB not only inhibits tumor proliferation but also induces ICD response to activate immunological cascade. Ultimately, self‐delivery CeNB tremendously suppresses the tumor growth and metastasis while leads to a minimized side effect. Such simple and effective antitumor strategy overcomes the therapeutic resistance against PDT‐initiated immunotherapy, suggesting a potential for metastatic tumor treatment in clinic.
Exceeding 20% Efficiency for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via Sodium Borohydride Induced Interface Engineering
Authors: Wu Xianhu , Wu Daomei , Cui Guanglei , Jiang Zezhuan , Zhao Chunyi , Tang Xiangyu , Dong Xuting , Liu Nian , Zuo Zewen , Kong Lingbing , Gu Min
Published: November 2022

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as a hole transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, due to the serious interface defects, imperfect energy level arrangement, and low hole transfer rate between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite, the realization of efficient and stable inverted PSCs is hindered. Herein, ionic salt sodium borohydride is used as an interfacial modifier between PEDOT:PSS and MAPbI3−xClx. NaBH4 acts as an anchor to bond Pb2+ to the PEDOT:PSS surface and guides the growth of the perovskite. The champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device based on NaBH4‐PEDOT:PSS reaches 20.21%, which is improved by 27.5% compared with the device based on PEDOT:PSS (15.84%). This PCE is one of the highest in inverted PSCs with PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer and MAPbI3−xClx as the active layer. The improved device performance is mainly attributed to the reduced valence band edge of PEDOT:PSS which matches better with the HOMO of MAPbI3−xClx, and the hole transfer rate is increased from 2.65 × 1010 to 3.69 × 1010 s−1. The long‐term stability of the optimized device exceeds 1000 h. This work provides a simple and effective strategy to improve the PCE and stability of inverted PSCs, which is a benefit for future popularization.
Simultaneous Surface Modification and Defect Passivation on Tin Oxide–Perovskite Interfaces using Pseudohalide Salt of Sodium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Soe Kay Thi , Thansamai Somya , Thongprong Non , Ruengsrisang Waranchit , Muhammad Ibrahim Adam , Ketsombun Ekkaphop , Supruangnet Ratchadaporn , Kaewprajak Anusit , Kumnorkaew Pisist , Saetang Viboon , Supasai Thidarat , Rujisamphan Nopporn
Published: November 2022

Passivating electron‐transporting layers (ETLs) with alkali salts have demonstrated a facial approach that is essential in healing defective surfaces, consequently improving the functionality and stability of perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the pseudohalide salt of sodium tetrafluoroborate, whose anions have a higher electronegativity than other halide salts (i.e., iodide and chloride), with the potential to passivate the surface of tin oxide while enhancing the optoelectronic properties of a perovskite film, is presented. Meanwhile, the density functional theory calculations show that BF4−/F− ions exhibit a robust ionic interaction with an uncoordinated Sn4+ site. In contrast, the Na ion is bound to an oxygen atom of the OH− group, which helps reduce surface defect states and improves charge transfer properties. Thus, the best PSC exhibits a current density of 23.51 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage of 1.10 V, and an excellent fill factor of 80.48, providing an efficiency of 20.82%, which exceeds that of a control device (18.38%). Importantly, the retention of the power conversion efficiency on NaBF4‐based PSCs without encapsulation is 18.44% after 1000 h of aging under ambient conditions, whereas the retention of a control device is only 16.08%.
Efficient and secure e‐voting scheme using elliptic curve cryptography
Authors: Chatterjee Uddalak , Ray Sangram , Adhikari Sharmistha , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Dasgupta Mou
Published: November 2022

Voting allows the people to elect their representative and express their preferences. In modern day democracy, voting is one fundamental and most important tool for election. To strengthen this process, efforts must be made to achieve a confirmable and transparent voting system. Naturally, the veracity of the election process is of ultimate importance for the honor of the democracy itself. The online voting or e‐voting system is a cost‐effective procedure, which saves a lot of money and time spent for organizing the election. However, security, integrity of data and privacy of the voter are the increasing concerns in this context. In this paper, we have done a thorough literature survey of the various latest schemes in this context and found that the schemes prone to several security and privacy threats. Moreover, a major issue with all these schemes is that they are inefficient in terms of computation and communication overheads. With this motivation, we present a novel and efficient e‐voting scheme to tackle the security and privacy concerns. The proposed scheme is designed using the concept of blind signature, anonymous channel and trust worthy entities where elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) works as a backbone. The proposed scheme is formally evaluated using well known AVISPA simulation tool, which simulates the attack model using CL‐AtSe as well as OFMC backend according to Dolev‐Yao threat model. In both the cases, all the possible security threats are being nullified by the proposed scheme and results in safe communication. Also, the scheme is analyzed against all the possible attacks that jeopardize the integrity of the existing voting systems. Moreover, the proposed scheme is also compared with other prevailing schemes in terms of computation and communication overheads and found more efficient.
Merging Fluorine Incorporation and Functional Group Migration
Authors: Ma Zhigang , Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen
Published: November 2022

Fluorine incorporation by concomitant fluoroalkyl radical addition to alkene or alkyne and functional group migration (FGM) represents an ingenious and robust strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse fluorinated compounds. This account gives an overview of related studies in our group, in which three main reaction modes are discussed: 1) radical fluoroalkylative difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes via intramolecular FGM; 2) alkene difunctionalization by docking‐migration process using fluoroalkyl‐containing bifunctional reagents; 3) incorporation of fluoroalkyl group into C(sp3)−H bond via consecutive hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and FGM. Relying on these methods, a variety of trifluoromethylation and di‐/mono‐fluoroalkylation reactions along with the migration of cyano, heteroaryl, oximino, formyl, alkynyl, and alkenyl groups have been accomplished under mild conditions.
Tissue‐damaging marking methods do not affect tick burdens on field captured Peromyscus spp.
Authors: Roberts Chloe E. , Burgess Edwin R. , Miller Taylor M. , Wise Anna‐Marie , Dickerson Cera J. , Skvarla Michael J. , Li Andrew Y. , Machtinger Erika T.
Published: November 2022

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is the vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent that causes Lyme disease in North America. Studies investigating host‐parasite interactions are valuable in understanding I. scapularis ecology, and, by extension, the transmission of the Lyme disease pathogen. Small mammals are important hosts for I. scapularis, particularly white‐footed mice and deer mice from the genus Peromyscus. Peromyscus spp. mice have been used as model organisms in several fields of research and are frequently trapped to evaluate broad ecological concepts. Previous studies have suggested that tissue‐damaging marking methods were associated with increased tick burdens, which may have consequences in ecological studies. Our study was designed to evaluate 3 tissue‐damaging marking methods including lab tags, round tags, and ear punches alongside a non‐tissue damage control (blue dye) to determine if any method affected tick burdens on captured mice. Mice were captured biweekly using Sherman traps from May through September in 2020. The overall tick burden fluctuated between months, but no significant difference in total tick burden was found between captured male and female mice. There were no significant differences in tick burden on captured mice among the tissue damaging marking methods and the control. Therefore, marking method choice for Peromyscus spp. for tick ecology studies should consider personal preferences, cost, ease of use, and durability.
Introduction: Framing Living Labs in Large-Scale Social Housing Estates in Europe
Authors: Aernouts Nele , Cognetti Francesca , Maranghi Elena
Published: November 2022

Today, Living Labs are increasingly promoted as innovative tools to deal with urban regeneration in Europe. In this contribution, we look at their potential in the context of the regeneration of large-scale social housing estates. Starting from the results of the research project SoHoLab (2017–2020) and building on the contributions of this book, we identify Living Labs as practices that are at the margin of key regeneration processes and actors but that nonetheless play an important, enabling role in triggering a more broadly supported approach to regeneration. We use the metaphor of the ‘interstice’ to identify Living Labs’ role of mediating across different social, institutional, disciplinary, departmental, and policy realms. Nevertheless, caution is warranted. Living Labs should not be consideredtheapproach towards the urban regeneration of marginalized areas; their potential lies precisely in their hybrid and constantly transforming character. In order to steer regeneration practices and policies that are actually more inclusive, they should be accompanied by a critical and self-reflexive research attitude.
Participation and the Architect: Creative Partnership or Communication Breakdown?
Authors: Lefrançois Dominique
Published: November 2022

Studies on participation tend to focus on describing the process. The exact form of their involvement, along with its effects on architecture and the lived environment, is rarely discussed. The aim of this article is to better understand the effects of participation in the long run after the initial involvement. This will be done by studying three rehabilitation projects in the Paris region. Our aim was to gather the opinions of those who had not made their voices heard through the official channels of consultation. Above all, it was to give visibility to, and understand the meanings of, the appropriation of spaces which have become invisible simply because they are used in ways which seem to go against the norm.