bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Crucifixion in the Qur’an: Answering Muslim’s Claims Regarding the Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: Khouri Sherene Nicholas
Published: February 2021

Was Jesus crucified on the cross? Did Jesus die by crucifixion? This topic generates so much emotion and conflict in Christian-Islamic dialogue as many theories have developed to prove one side of the equation. While several methods can answer Islamic objections against the biblical belief, the evidential Apologetics is the best method to provide evidence for the Christian claims. Evidential Apologetics is one of the methods that seeks to prove the truthfulness of the Christian worldview by showing historical and scientific evidences. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to use the evidential method to answer three major objections that Muslims raise against the crucifixion of Jesus: Jesus was never crucified, the swoon theory, and the substitute theory. The paper will conclude that there are surmounted historical and scientific evidences that support the event of Jesus’s crucifixion.
Conditional regard, stress, and dyadic adjustment in primiparous couples: A dyadic analysis perspective
Authors: Cournoyer Alexandra , Laurin Julie C. , Daspe Marie-Ève , Laniel Sophie , Huppé Anne-Sophie
Published: February 2021

Many couples transitioning into parenthood are at risk for dyadic adjustment declines. It is therefore important to explore key, theory-driven deterrents of enduring relationships during this period, as well as potential underlying mechanisms. This study examined the relationship between perceived conditional negative regard (i.e. a behavior that thwarts basic psychological needs; T1), stress (T1), and dyadic adjustment (T2) during the transition to parenthood. Primiparous couples ( N = 144) were recruited to fill out an online questionnaire when their babies were 6-months (T1) and 12-months (T2). Path analysis with an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was conducted. Results show that for each partner (actor effects), stress (T1) mediated the link between perceived conditional negative regard (T1), and later dyadic adjustment (T2). For the partner effects, while stress (T1) did not play a mediating role between these variables, other partner effects were found. Each primiparous parent’s perceived conditional negative regard (T1) was associated with the other parent’s later dyadic adjustment (T2). However, when examining longitudinal changes in stress and dyadic adjustment over time (T2, controlling for respective T1), no significant associations were found. Overall, the findings shed light on the dyadic associations of conditional negative regard, and the mechanisms through which it is negatively tied with dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood.
Supporting wellbeing through peer-befriending (SUPERB) for people with aphasia: A feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hilari Katerina , Behn Nicholas , James Kirsty , Northcott Sarah , Marshall Jane , Thomas Shirley , Simpson Alan , Moss Becky , Flood Chris , McVicker Sally , Goldsmith Kimberley
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To determine the feasibility and acceptability of peer-befriending, for people with aphasia.

Design:

Single-blind, parallel-group feasibility randomised controlled trial comparing usual care to usual care + peer-befriending.

Participants and setting:

People with aphasia post-stroke and low levels of distress, recruited from 5 NHS Hospitals and linked community services; their significant others; and 10 befrienders recruited from community.

Intervention:

Six 1-hour peer-befriending visits over three months.

Main measures:

Feasibility parameters included proportion eligible of those screened; proportion consented; missing data; consent and attrition rates. Acceptability was explored through qualitative interviews. Outcomes for participants and significant others were measured at baseline, 4- and 10-months; for peer-befrienders before training and after one/two cycles of befriending.

Results:

Of 738 patients identified, 75 were eligible of 89 fully screened (84%), 62 consented (83% of eligible) and 56 randomised. Attrition was 16%. Adherence was high (93% attended ⩾2 sessions, 81% all six). The difference at 10 months on the GHQ-12 was 1.23 points on average lower/better in the intervention arm (95% CI 0.17, −2.63). There was an 88% decrease in the odds of GHQ-12 caseness (95% CI 0.01, 1.01). Fourty-eight significant others and 10 peer-befrienders took part. Procedures and outcome measures were acceptable. Serious adverse events were few ( n = 10, none for significant others and peer-befrienders) and unrelated.

Conclusions:

SUPERB peer-befriending for people with aphasia post-stroke experiencing low levels of distress was feasible. There was preliminary evidence of benefit in terms of depression. Peer-befriending is a suitable intervention to explore further in a definitive trial. Clinical trial registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT02947776 Subject terms: Translational research, mental health, rehabilitation, quality and outcomes, stroke
Association between IL1B −511C/T polymorphism and Behçet’s disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Baogang , Gao Yihang , Tan Yuying , Yang Xiaolin , Man Xiaxia
Published: February 2021

Background

Many studies have investigated the relationship between the interleukin-1β gene ( IL1B) −511C/T polymorphism and the risk of Behçet’s disease (BD); however, the conclusions remain controversial.

Methods

In this study, we systemically retrieved relevant studies from the Chinese Biomedicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases. We then calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the meta-package Stata version 12.0.

Results

The IL1B −511C/T polymorphism was not related to BD susceptibility using any of the tested models (C vs T: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.97–1.49; CC vs TT: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.95–1.70; CT vs TT: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.781.36; dominant model: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.87–1.46; recessive model: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.89–1.82). Similarly, subgroup analysis including studies consistent with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium revealed no association between the IL1B polymorphism and BD susceptibility.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis indicates that the IL1B −511C/T polymorphism is unlikely to affect the risk of BD; however, further large-scale, carefully designed studies are needed to verify these results.
Etiologic Profile of Childhood Stroke from North India: Is It Different from Developed World?
Authors: Sood Abhinandan , Suthar Renu , Sahu Jitendra K. , K. Baranwal Arun , Saini Arushi G. , Saini Lokesh , Vyas Sameer , Khandelwal Niranjan , Sankhyan Naveen
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To describe the etiology of childhood arterial-ischemic stroke from a developing country and assess short-term neurologic outcome.

Methods:

Prospective observational study. Consecutive children between the age of >28 days to <12 years, admitted with the diagnosis of arterial-ischemic stroke were enrolled during the study period from January 2017 to December 2018. Short-term neurologic outcome was assessed with Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scale and Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM).

Results:

We enrolled 76 children with arterial-ischemic stroke, with a median age of 24 months (interquartile range 12-69), and 43 (57%) were boys. The most common risk factor for childhood arterial-ischemic stroke was arteriopathy in 59 (77%), followed by cardiovascular disorder in 12 (16%) children. Among 59 children with arteriopathy, 32 (42%) had infection-associated arteriopathies, 10 (13%) had mineralizing angiopathy, 10 (13%) had moyamoya disease. Pediatric stroke risk factors were classified according to Pediatric Stroke Classification and CASCADE primary classification. Short-term neurologic outcome was assessed at 3 months in 62 (82%) survivors. Among stroke survivors, 33 (61%) had sensory-motor deficits, and 24 (39%) had severe neurologic disability (PCPC ≥ 4). The presence of fever, encephalopathy, low Glasgow coma score at presentation, seizures, and infection-associated arteriopathy predicted severe neurologic disability at follow-up.

Conclusion:

The risk factors for pediatric arterial-ischemic stroke are different from developed countries in our cohort. Infection-associated arteriopathies, mineralizing angiopathy, and moyamoya disease are the most common risk factors in our cohort. Two-thirds of pediatric stroke survivors have neurologic disability at short-term follow-up.
Neurocognitive Outcomes and Their Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates in Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Madaan Priyanka , Gupta Deepak , Agrawal Deepak , Kumar Atin , Jauhari Prashant , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Sharma Shobha , Pandey Ravindra M. , Paul Vinod K. , Misra Mahesh C. , Gulati Sheffali
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to assess the neurocognitive outcomes and their diffusion tensor imaging correlates in children (aged 6-16 years) with mild traumatic brain injury. This prospective analysis included 74 children with mild traumatic brain injury (52 boys; mean age: 9.5 [±2.7] years). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Indian adaptation (WISC-IV), Child Behavior Checklist, and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire were administered for 57 cases (at 3 months postinjury) and 51 controls of similar age. The findings of diffusion tensor imaging (done within 7 days of injury) were correlated with various WISC-IV indices. The presenting features at the time of injury were loss of consciousness (53%), confusion or disorientation (47%), and post-traumatic amnesia (10%). Other features in the acute phase included drowsiness (86%), headache (78%), balance problems (62%), nausea (47%), fatigue (45%), vomiting (35%), nasal or ear bleed (12%), sensitivity to sound and light (12%), etc. At 3 months postinjury, the children with mild traumatic brain injury performed poorly in terms of Intelligence Quotient, perceptual reasoning index, and processing speed index as compared to controls. Based on the Child Behavior Checklist, 17% of children with mild traumatic brain injury had internalizing behavioral problems in comparison with 4% of controls. Prevalence of poor sleepers in the mild traumatic brain injury cohort and controls was 12.3% and 2% respectively. Headache, reduced attention span, and fatigue were common postconcussion symptoms. There was a positive correlation between right uncinate fasciculus fractional anisotropy and verbal comprehension index ( r = 0.32; P < .05).
Pushed to the Margins: The Crisis Among Tribal Youth in India During COVID-19
Authors: Kasi Eswarappa , Saha Atrayee
Published: February 2021

Lack of awareness, lack of availability of non-farm activities, lack of nutritional facilities, inadequate health infrastructure, restricted movement to forest areas, and reliance on herbal medicines are some of the worst conditions that the indigenous population had to face worldwide, during the pandemic. Around 10.45 crore (10.45 million) indigenous population that resides in India are at stake because of economic inequality and social stigma. Lack of developmental measures in India has always led the tribal population to dwell at the margins without proper resources of economic sustenance. The announcements of lockdown and proposals for industrial projects approved during the lockdown period further aggravated their conditions. With the help of secondary data, news reports, and international agency reports, the article tries to critically review the conditions of the tribal population in India, the measures taken by the government, and the role of local organizations in helping tribal people to sustain the pandemic.
Using the CYP3A Activity Evaluation to Predict the Efficacy and Safety of Diazepam in Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Skryabin Valentin Yu. , Zastrozhin Mikhail S. , Grishina Elena A. , Ryzhikova Kristina A. , Shipitsyn Valery V. , V. Barna Ilya , Galaktionova Tatiana E. , Ivanov Andrey V. , Sorokin Alexander S. , Bryun Evgeny A. , Sychev Dmitry A.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Diazepam is one of the most commonly prescribed tranquilizers for the therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Despite its popularity, there is currently no precise information on the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of diazepam therapy.

Objective:

The objective of our study was to study the effect of CYP3A isoenzymes activity on the efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with AWS.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 30 Russian male patients suffering from the AWS who received diazepam in injections at a dosage of 30.0 mg / day for 5 days. The efficacy and safety assessment was performed using psychometric scales and scales for assessing the severity of adverse drug reactions.

Results:

Based on the results of the study, we revealed the differences in the efficacy of therapy in patients with different CYP3A4 C>T intron 6 ( rs35599367) genotypes: ( CC) −9.0 [−13.0; −5.0], ( CT+TT) −13.5 [−15.0; −10.0], p = 0.014. The scores on the UKU scale, which was used to evaluate the safety of therapy, were also different: ( CC) 7.5 [6.0; 11.0], ( CT+TT) 11.0 [8.0; 12.0], p = 0.003.

Conclusion:

Possible relationship between the CYP3A activity, evaluated by the content of the urinary endogenous substrate of the given isoenzyme and its metabolite, the 6-beta-hydroxy cortisol (6-β-HC) / cortisol ratio, and the efficacy of diazepam was demonstrated. This possible relationship was also supported by the genotyping results. This should be taken into consideration when prescribing this drug to such patients in order to reduce the risk of pharmacoresistance.
The effect of rear cavity modifications on the drag and flow field topology of a Square Back Ahmed Body
Authors: Koppa Shivanna Naveen , Ranjan Pritanshu , Clement Shibu
Published: February 2021

This work presents a numerical investigation of turbulent flow over a simplified vehicle model called the Square Back Ahmed Body (SBAB). The simulations are performed at Reynolds number 1 × 105 using the k − [Formula: see text] SSTSAS turbulence model. The numerical results for the standard reference model, that is, SBAB, have been validated against available experimental data and numerical simulations. The performance of a passive flow controller with four variants on the mean wake topology and the resultant drag reduction is evaluated. The four variants are; (i) straight cavity, (ii) straight cavity with rounded edges, (iii) C-shaped cavity, and (iv) tapered cavity. For a straight cavity with a depth equal to 33.33% of the body height, drag is lowered by 5.63%. With the same cavity depth, rounding the straight cavity edges reduces the drag by 10.67% owing to the streamlining and shortening of the recirculation region. For a C-shaped cavity, the amount of drag reduction increased slightly by 1% more than that off straight cavity with rounded edges, due to improvement in the base pressure distribution compared to that of the latter case. Tapering the cavity edges at an angle of 6° gave a significant drag reduction of 22.55% primarily due to a tremendous decrease in wake size. The drag reduction achieved in all the cases results from the modification in the mean wake topology induced by afterbody shape remodeling. The power spectra of the evolution of the lift coefficient over time reveal a noticeable decrement in the flow randomness with the inclusion of a cavity and its modifications, which interprets the mitigation of the chaotic nature in the wake. The cavity presence has also increased the vorticity spreading rate in the mixing layer and produced significant attenuation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE).
The Crowd-Emotion-Amplification Effect
Authors: Goldenberg Amit , Weisz Erika , Sweeny Timothy D. , Cikara Mina , Gross James J.
Published: February 2021

How do people go about reading a room or taking the temperature of a crowd? When people catch a brief glimpse of an array of faces, they can focus their attention on only some of the faces. We propose that perceivers preferentially attend to faces exhibiting strong emotions and that this generates a crowd-emotion-amplification effect—estimating a crowd’s average emotional response as more extreme than it actually is. Study 1 ( N = 50) documented the crowd-emotion-amplification effect. Study 2 ( N = 50) replicated the effect even when we increased exposure time. Study 3 ( N = 50) used eye tracking to show that attentional bias to emotional faces drives amplification. These findings have important implications for many domains in which individuals must make snap judgments regarding a crowd’s emotionality, from public speaking to controlling crowds.
Wage Gap Between Formal and Informal Regular Workers in India: Evidence from the National Sample Survey
Authors: Kumar Manik , Pandey Sweety
Published: February 2021

This article elucidates the wage differential between formal and informal workers across different sectors, gender, occupation, and industry by using the 61st (2004–2005) and 68th (2011–2012) Rounds of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) unit-level data. The study emphasizes two things: first, identifying the existence of the absolute wage gap between formal and informal workers and, second, finding the intensity of discrimination in wage between formal and informal workers. The vast body of literature available on this issue identifies gender, caste, religion, and region as the factors causing wage discrimination. This literature makes a shift from these traditional concepts by explaining the importance of job contract as a basis of wage discrimination.

This study utilizes the percentage relative gap (PGR) to work out the absolute wage gap between the two types of workers (formal and informal) and thereafter decomposes it to arrive at the source of the wage gap. The study applies the threefold Blinder–Oaxaca (B–O) decomposition method, which categorizes the total wage gap into three parts. The dependent variable chosen for the equation is the natural logarithm of daily wage. While the wage gap between formal and informal workers did not significantly fall during the study period, the results, on the other hand, indicate that the component of discrimination is larger than the component of endowment. This explains the discrimination perpetrated against informal workers in the Indian labor market. Tackling such discrimination necessitates implementation of more proactive policies for achieving wage equality in India.
Internal devaluation and economic inequality in Portugal: challenges to industrial relations in times of crisis and recovery
Authors: Campos Lima Maria da Paz , Martins Diogo , Costa Ana Cristina , Velez António
Published: February 2021

Internal devaluation policies imposed in southern European countries since 2010 have weakened labour market institutions and intensified wage inequality and the falling wage share. The debate in the wake of the financial and economic crisis raised concerns about slow wage growth and persistent economic inequality. This article attempts to shed light on this debate, scrutinising the case of Portugal in the period 2010–2017. Mapping the broad developments at the national level, the article examines four sectors, looking in particular at the impact of minimum wages and collective bargaining on wage trends vis-à-vis wage inequality and wage share trajectories. We conclude that both minimum wage increases and the slight recovery of collective bargaining had a positive effect on wage outcomes and were important in reducing wage inequality. The extent of this reduction was limited, however, by uneven sectoral recovery dynamics and the persistent effects of precarious work, combined with critical liberalisation reforms.
Portrait of the artist as a philosopher
Authors: Pols Jeannette
Published: February 2021

The response asks about the relationship between artist and audience in the RAAAF artworks. Is the artist an Autonomous Innovator who breaches the ties with the past and the environment? Or is the aesthetic practice located in the creation of relationships around these objects, hence expanding the artwork by using know-how, experiences and enthusiasm of the audience/users?
Pseudocarcinomatous Mesothelioma: A Hitherto Unreported Presentation closely simulating primary lung cancer
Authors: Rossi Giulio , Caroli Guido , Caruso Dora , Stella Franco , Davoli Fabio
Published: February 2021

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) has a wide range of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic presentations, mimicking lung cancer or interstitial lung diseases when predominantly involving the lung parenchyma. The case herein refers to a 79-year-old man, active smoker without asbestos exposure, incidentally discovered to have a pulmonary nodule in the right upper lobe (1.5 cm). The lesion was misinterpreted as primary lung adenocarcinoma at the frozen section in light of the predominant lepidic growth pattern. Definitive examination confirmed neoplastic proliferation along alveolar structures. However, the unusual globous shape of tumor cells along the alveoli abruptly merging with normal pneumocytes prompted us to perform some immunostains that surprisingly revealed a mesothelial differentiation (positive staining with calretinin, cytokeratins (CK5/6), D2-40, and negativity with BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1), Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 [TTF-1], claudin-4, carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], and napsin). MM represents the pathologic counterpart of so-called pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma, since it appears as a localized pulmonary neoplastic nodule displaying a predominant lepidic growth pattern (pseudocarcinomatous mesothelioma). The challenging diagnostic features of this unique case and a review of similar cases in the literature are discussed.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict Deep Venous Thrombosis Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ryan Logan , Mataraso Samson , Siefkas Anna , Pellegrini Emily , Barnes Gina , Green-Saxena Abigail , Hoffman Jana , Calvert Jacob , Das Ritankar
Published: February 2021

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. Standard scoring systems for DVT risk stratification often provide insufficient stratification of hospitalized patients and are unable to accurately predict which inpatients are most likely to present with DVT. There is a continued need for tools which can predict DVT in hospitalized patients. We performed a retrospective study on a database collected from a large academic hospital, comprised of 99,237 total general ward or ICU patients, 2,378 of whom experienced a DVT during their hospital stay. Gradient boosted machine learning algorithms were developed to predict a patient’s risk of developing DVT at 12- and 24-hour windows prior to onset. The primary outcome of interest was diagnosis of in-hospital DVT. The machine learning predictors obtained AUROCs of 0.83 and 0.85 for DVT risk prediction on hospitalized patients at 12- and 24-hour windows, respectively. At both 12 and 24 hours before DVT onset, the most important features for prediction of DVT were cancer history, VTE history, and internal normalized ratio (INR). Improved risk stratification may prevent unnecessary invasive testing in patients for whom DVT cannot be ruled out using existing methods. Improved risk stratification may also allow for more targeted use of prophylactic anticoagulants, as well as earlier diagnosis and treatment, preventing the development of pulmonary emboli and other sequelae of DVT.
Dynamics of thermoelastic half-plane by action of periodic loads and heat flows at its boundary
Authors: Alexeyeva Lyudmila Alexeyevna , Alipova Bakhyt
Published: February 2021

The problem of the dynamics of a thermoelastic half-space under periodic surface forces and heat flows is solved using the model of coupled thermoelasticity. The Green’s tensor for one boundary value problem is constructed utilizing Fourier transformation. Analytical solutions for arbitrary surface forces and heat flow using the theory of generalized functions are constructed. To solve this boundary value problem, generalized function theory, tensor and differential algebra, the operator method, and integral transformations were used. The solutions obtained make it possible to investigate the thermal stress–strain state of an array with natural and artificial thermal sources and mass power forces acting at its surface.
Racial capitalism and student debt in the U.S.
Authors: Mir Ali , Toor Saadia
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on the current phase of Black resistance exemplified by the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which urges us to recognize and reckon with the differential racial impact of student debt in the U.S. and calls for the cancelation of student debt as an explicit part of its demand for reparations. Using the concept of racial capitalism, the paper examines the structure of student debt and its consequences for Black borrowers, analyzes the structural reasons behind the disproportionate debt burden borne by Black students, and highlights movements such as the Debt Collective and BLM, which not only offer a critique of the debt regime but also suggest ways of organizing against it.
Understanding developmental psychopathology in Type 1 diabetes through attachment, mentalisation and diabetes distress
Authors: Garrett Christopher J. , Ismail Khalida , Fonagy Peter
Published: February 2021

This article examines the combined roles of attachment mentalisation and diabetes distress in the psychological development of young people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). We use these ideas to unify the evidence for psychological variables affecting young people and their families and suggest how diabetes distress and mentalisation might be part of the pathways for development of psychiatric diagnoses.

Attachment theory’s central hypothesis is that a secure relationship with a care-giver in the early life of a child is essential to normal emotional and relational development, whilst diabetes distress is a well recognised phenomena of burden experienced by both child and parent in relation to the condition.

We extend the ideas of attachment, into the psychological adaptation processes for young people at the time of diagnosis of T1D with emphasis on the function of the parent/caregiver in mentalising the experience of the child. We also connect our current understanding of diabetes distress to the associated increased risk for disorders of eating and personality in T1D.

Using principles learnt in other areas of psychotherapeutic practice we end by suggesting interventions that could impact mental health and diabetes outcomes using the mentalisation model.
The girl who cried wolf: A literature review and case report of pediatric factitious disorder
Authors: Ruppert Ryan , Jeremy Mao Kai-Hong
Published: February 2021

Pediatric presentations of factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome) remain underdiagnosed and poorly understood compared to adult cases. The purpose of this study is to review the current literature on child and adolescent factitious disorder in order to better understand the differences between pediatric and adult presentations of this disorder. We also present the case of an adolescent girl with factitious disorder; her hospital course draws attention to the excessive healthcare expenditures and risk of iatrogenic complications associated with this diagnosis. We utilized MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases to conduct our review. Despite the limited number of high-quality studies analyzing pediatric presentations of factitious disorder, our review yielded several important findings. Studies suggest that the general acceptance of somatization as a common way for young people to manifest emotional stress may explain the under-diagnosis of this disorder in pediatric populations. Studies also highlighted differences in the clinical characteristics of factitious disorder when patients are stratified by age; most notably, younger patients are more willing to admit intentional falsifications when confronted and more likely to accept treatment, making them a potentially more effective target for intervention.
Psychological and neuropsychological underpinnings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder assessment
Authors: Wright A. Jordan
Published: February 2021

The identification and diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is extremely important in order to help change the trajectory of an individual’s life outcomes. A review of the current state of evidence-based assessment of ADHD is dominated by the DSM-5’s conceptualization of behaviorally-oriented diagnostic criteria. This assumption that the DSM-5’s method for identifying ADHD is the gold standard underlies the research base that evaluates the incremental validity of measures and methods for diagnosing it. That is, when evaluating whether a measure is useful in the identification of ADHD, the ‘right answer’ is based on the DSM-5’s behaviorally-oriented definition. An alternative model for considering the fact that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with its roots in executive dysfunction, is proposed. Using neuropsychological and cognitive tests to identify executive functioning problems can be combined with rating scales and interviews to diagnose ADHD in a way that does not ascribe entirely to a behavioral definition of the disorder.
Lexical coverage in dialogue listening
Authors: Giordano Michael J.
Published: February 2021

In this quasi-experimental study, the effects of lexical coverage through pseudo word manipulation in dialogue comprehension are investigated. Forty-four first-year students in a Japanese university listened to five dialogues at different lexical coverage levels: 98%, 95%, 90%, 85%, and 83%. The results of the comprehension tests confirm the results seen in narrative, monologic lexical coverage studies that it is possible for intermediate EFL learners to attain adequate listening comprehension on texts with as little as 90% lexical coverage. However, variation in participants’ scores on higher lexical coverage dialogues suggest pseudo word distribution and topic familiarity might be acting as confounding variables in lexical coverage studies which use pseudo word manipulation. Suggestions for methodological reform for future projects on this subject are provided.
A music for all times: Arabesk as a nostalgic commodity for New Turkey’s entertainment industry
Authors: Başkan Filiz , Başkır Ünsal Doğan , Erdem Erdinç , Sarıcı Funda
Published: February 2021

This article deals with the relation between recent manifestations of arabesk music (nostalgic arabesk albums by popular figures and Serkan Kaya, a new singer of arabesk) and the transformation of Turkey’s sociocultural climate during the 2010s. Drawing from concepts of nostalgia and neoliberal consumerism, it examines how contemporary arabesk music turned into a retro product or a nostalgic commodity to correspond to consumers’ constant desire for ‘new’. We compare Kaya’s lyrics and melodies with classical arabesk songs to reveal ruptures and continuities between classical and contemporary arabesk. Based on our findings, we initially claim that nostalgic arabesk albums, which simply reproduce a golden arabesk past, embrace restorative nostalgia through turning classical arabesk songs into historical souvenirs rather than reflecting on what contemporary arabesk may become. By the same token, Serkan Kaya’s version of arabesk somehow questions how to interpret this musical trajectory to capture the Zeitgeist and, in this connection, accommodates reflective nostalgia. Since both new manifestations of arabesk in the 2010s are products of/for the entertainment industry, fueled by neoliberal consumer culture, and replicate classical arabesk songs in a nostalgic manner, we argue that they lose their ability to create something new in the complete sense of the term.
Complex emergencies: overcoming barriers to health care
Authors: Tønnessen-Krokan Morten , Bringedal Houge Anette
Published: February 2021

Background:

At the intersection of the Sustainable Development Goals, humanitarian assistance and health, the umbrella term ‘health in the last mile’ has gained traction. In August 2019, the Norwegian Red Cross commissioned a global report to conceptualise and assess what ‘health in the last mile’ refers to, in terms of access, needs and structural and geographical barriers and vulnerabilities, and describe how these vulnerabilities overlap in different humanitarian settings and regions.

Aims:

The purpose of this commentary article is to highlight the report’s most important findings for an academic audience, from the perspective of the Norwegian Red Cross.

Discussion:

The aim of the report was to propose a definition and create a methodology to help identify people and populations living in the last mile of healthcare; acknowledging that these go far beyond those affected by armed conflicts and sudden onset disasters. As the report reveals, last-mile populations are not adequately reached by current universal health coverage strategies. The report highlights the key role played by local humanitarian actors in reducing barriers to access to healthcare. Local stakeholders have first-hand knowledge of the needs of populations in the last mile and on how they navigate the barriers to healthcare access. The report also addresses questions such as: Who are the people with least access to healthcare? What are their health needs and what barriers do they face? Not least, when many live without access to healthcare services, how do we determine where the last mile begins? The report proposes a definition of ‘the last mile’ involving converging factors that exacerbate barriers to healthcare and identifies 18 groups that are considered potential last-mile populations. Global epidemics, such as the latest COVID-19, have shown that the concept of vulnerability is continually changing. These situations can bring new vulnerable populations to the edge of the last mile which were already vulnerable and ignored before the outset of the outbreak.

Conclusions:

Millions of people do not and will not benefit from the global progress in universal health coverage under current health systems. To reach the Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 16, we need solutions to overcome the barriers they face to access basic healthcare.
Feminist diagrams
Authors: McBean Sam
Published: February 2021

On 4 January 1971, Ti-Grace Atkinson delivered a talk entitled ‘Strategy and Tactics: A Presentation of Political Lesbianism’. The talk was later published in her collected essays, Amazon Odyssey. The essay contains thirty-five diagrams: ten ‘Strategy Charts’, three ‘Tactical Charts’ and twenty-two ‘Tactical-Strategy Charts’, which map a strategy of the ‘Oppressor’ (men) and the tactics that the ‘Oppressed’ (women) might develop to lead to a revolution – lesbians, significantly, are the ‘Buffer Zone’ between these two classes. In the only reference I have managed to find to these diagrams, they are referred to as ‘crazy’. This article re-visits these diagrams, exploring the role of the diagram in how Atkinson attempts to map patriarchal relations and also imagine a feminist revolution. Taking Atkinson’s diagrams as a starting point, the article then uses them to begin to narrate a genealogy of the diagram in feminist theory, exploring a diagrammatic imaginary that is an often-used but rarely discussed tactic in feminist writing. Finally, the article opens out to consider how this history of feminist diagrams might be a precursor to more contemporary feminist data visualisations.
“It’s Everyone’s iPad”: Tablet use in a play-based preschool classroom
Authors: Fantozzi Victoria B
Published: February 2021

Although existing literature has established that technologies are utilized in play and can be supportive of learning, utilization of technologies in play-based classrooms is not commonplace. This study is an holistic examination of a successful 2-year process of integrating an iPad into a play-based preschool setting. Each year the use of the iPad increased, demonstrating its applicability in a play-based environment. This study adds to the existing research base by examining the confluence of actors in a play-based setting. As the iPad became a part of the classroom, new practices began to emerge as the children, teachers, and families began using it for their own purposes.
Endovascular Repair of Diffuse Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations with Systemic Arterial Shunts
Authors: Sueyoshi Eijun , Koike Hirofumi , Nagayama Hiroki , He Xi , Sakamoto Ichiro , Uetani Masataka
Published: February 2021

Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are defined as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving subsegmental, segmental, or both types of arteries in at least 1 lung lobe and are more extensive than multiple PAVMs. Diffuse PAVMs involving systemic arterial shunts are very rare. We describe a rare case, in which diffuse PAVMs involving systemic arterial shunts were successfully treated with coil embolization.
JD-SLAM: Joint camera pose estimation and moving object segmentation for simultaneous localization and mapping in dynamic scenes
Authors: Zhai Yujia , Lu Baoli , Li Weijun , Xu Jian , Ma Shuangyi
Published: February 2021

As a fundamental assumption in simultaneous localization and mapping, the static scenes hypothesis can be hardly fulfilled in applications of indoor/outdoor navigation or localization. Recent works about simultaneous localization and mapping in dynamic scenes commonly use heavy pixel-level segmentation net to distinguish dynamic objects, which brings enormous calculations and limits the real-time performance of the system. That restricts the application of simultaneous localization and mapping on the mobile terminal. In this article, we present a lightweight system for monocular simultaneous localization and mapping in dynamic scenes, which can run in real time on central processing unit (CPU) and generate a semantic probability map. The pixel-wise semantic segmentation net is replaced with a lightweight object detection net combined with three-dimensional segmentation based on motion clustering. And a framework integrated with an improved weighted-random sample consensus solver is proposed to jointly solve the camera pose and perform three-dimensional object segmentation, which enables high accuracy and efficiency. Besides, the prior information of the generated map and the object detection results is introduced for better estimation. The experiments on the public data set, and in the real-world demonstrate that our method obtains an outstanding improvement in both accuracy and speed compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Insight Into the Hispanic Paradox: The Language Hypothesis
Authors: Llabre María Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Hispanics have a lower burden of heart disease than would be predicted from their risk factors. Explanations for this phenomenon, the Hispanic paradox, focus on specific characteristics of the culture that affect stress appraisal and accumulation, including social connections. Features of culture evolve in the context of language, which influences the way emotions are appraised and expressed. The Spanish language, a unifying component defining Hispanic cultures, has unique features that may promote emotional expression, expand the emotional concepts implicated in the construction of emotion, and influence the appraisal of stress. Under chronic stress conditions, sustained responses can become maladaptive, leading to disease. Features of the Spanish language allow its speakers a wide range of emotion schemas by virtue of its emotion lexicon, the ability to easily minimize or exaggerate expressions, and ease in considering hypothetical situations with the use of the subjunctive. The hypothesis here proposes that the Spanish language is directly and indirectly (via culture) responsible for mitigating some of the effects of acute stress responses in Hispanics and, therefore, limits stress accumulation and is partly responsible for the Hispanic paradox.
Exploring the effect of various match factors on team playing styles in the National Rugby League
Authors: Wedding C , Woods CT , Sinclair WH , Gomez MA , Leicht AS
Published: February 2021

Objectives

This study examined the effect of match location, score-line, team quality and match outcome on the expression of team playing styles in the National Rugby League (NRL) across the 2015–2019 seasons.

Methods

Thirty-eight performance indicators (e.g. offloads, runs) from all NRL games (n = 2010) were collected. Match-related factors examined were location (home/away/neutral), match type (absolute score differential), team quality (end of season ladder position) and outcome (win/draw/loss). Factor analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) were run to identify team playing styles, which were inferred from the clustered dimensions (Factors) of team performance indicators. Discriminant analysis was then used to determine the effect of the match factors on team playing styles.

Results

PCA revealed nine Factors accounting for ∼54% of team performance variance. Discriminant analysis did not meaningfully resolve team playing styles for match type, team quality or location (∼34%, ∼46% and ∼58% classification accuracy, respectively). One discriminant function correctly classified ∼81% of matches based on outcome, including four team playing styles defined as ‘attacking play’, ‘linebreaks’, ‘handling errors’ and ‘conceded linebreaks’.

Conclusions

Team playing styles characterised by ‘attacking play’ and ‘linebreaks’, coupled with relative defensive efficiency showed the greatest association with winning regardless of team quality, match location or match type. Using similar sport analytical techniques, additional insight into the importance of various team playing styles over the time-course of a match may allow teams to further extrapolate the likelihood of success in real-time.
COVID-19, promotion and provision of palliative care: reaching out, accounting for linguistic diversity
Authors: Vissandjée Bilkis , Fernandez Isabel , Durivage Patrick , Freitas Zelda , Savignac Paule , Van Pevenage Isabelle
Published: February 2021

The combined forces of economic globalization and international migration have resulted in specific challenges to palliative care systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has and is still greatly affecting elder populations as well as those across the age continuum living with long-standing chronic conditions or with pre-existing diverse unmet needs. While health promotion and palliative care may appear to be conceptually opposing fields, we argue that palliative care can and should fit under the umbrella of the health promotion continuum. This commentary seeks to discuss the importance of linguistic literacy and communication imperatives in the context of access to palliative care, given the broad, diversified and sensitive scope of care. While the pandemic has demonstrated that the public health responses of migrant host societies are deeply intertwined with policies as well as local rules and constraints, the promotion and provision of safe, timely and appropriate palliative care can be achieved through a sensitive assessment of differential contexts of diversity. The pandemic has painfully illustrated the need for a strong, respectful and equitable working partnership within the professions as well as with the civic society in order for the palliative needs of those exposed to a sustained risk not to be forgotten.
Student and Teacher Characteristics on Student Math Achievement
Authors: You Sukkyung , Kim Eui Kyung , Lim Sun Ah , Dang Myley
Published: February 2021

Using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), this study implements two statistical analyses to investigate the effects of student and teacher characteristics on students’ mathematical achievement. First, the authors conduct an exploratory factor analysis to explore the factor structure for the various student and teacher variables of interest in this study. Second, they perform hierarchical linear modeling to analyze students’ and teachers’ multilevel structure in a school. The results suggest that student characteristics such as mathematics interest, instrument motivation, mathematics self-efficacy, mathematics anxiety, mathematics self-concept, and out-of-school study time predicted 39.9% of mathematical achievement variance. The results also suggest that mathematics self-efficacy had the largest effect on mathematical achievement. Teacher characteristics such as teacher-directed instruction, cognitive activation, teacher support, classroom management, and student–teacher relations predicted 34.9% of mathematical achievement variance. This study’s results have implications for educators in fostering a positive learning environment to increase students’ mathematics interest and self-efficacy, and focus on specific teacher characteristics to increase students’ mathematical achievement.
Interviewer presence can affect learning with interview videos
Authors: Zhao Fang
Published: February 2021

Interviews with scholars and experts are becoming more and more popular as e-learning materials. Yet how an interview video should be edited is mostly based on personal preference rather than on rigorous scientific research. Thus this study tested whether showing the interviewer in educational interview videos can affect the learning outcome. Two interview learning materials on two topics (eye tracking and text–picture integration) were conducted by the author and edited in two versions. One version was with the interviewer and the other version was without the interviewer, the latter’s image and voice being edited out. Psychology students ( N = 180) watched either the video with or the one without the interviewer and answered the corresponding questions. Results in an online experiment yielded a better learning outcome in the video without the interviewer than in the video with the interviewer. It is probable that the absence of the interviewer can protect participants from extraneous processing and a split-attention effect. The without-interviewer video, segmented by displaying interview questions in keywords on slides, seemed to assist participants in managing the essential processing. The absence of the interviewer may avoid the confusion of multiple instructors, which fosters the generative processing. This study provides practical and pedagogical implications and suggests that removing the image and voice of the interviewer is likely to promote learning.
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of a standardized green coffee bean extract (CGA-7™) in Wistar albino rats
Authors: K Venkatakrishna , HV Sudeep , K Shyamprasad
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Despite having numerous physiological benefits, toxicological assessment of green coffee beans is sparce. Here, we document the oral acute and sub-chronic toxicity of a standardized decaffeinated green coffee bean extract containing 50% chlorogenic acids (CGA-7™) in rats.

Methods:

We have performed a limit test at single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg to evaluate the acute toxicity in female Wistar rats. Furthermore, repeated dose 90-day toxicity study was conducted to assess the risk of long-term use of CGA-7.

Result:

A 14-day observation revealed no clinical signs of toxicity or mortality in animals at 2000 mg/kg acute oral dose of CGA-7. The administration of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg CGA-7 showed significant alterations in some parameters such as food consumption, relative organ weights of brain and spleen, haematological and biochemical parameters compared to control. These changes were not consistent and dose-dependent throughout the study. Furthermore, the changes were within the physiological range and toxicologically insignificant. CGA-7 did not affect the normal metabolism and physiology of the animals up to 1000 mg/kg dose. Macroscopic and histological examination of organs did not reveal any organ toxicity.

Conclusion:

Finally, the findings from this study suggest the safety of green coffee bean extract.